bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPERASIONAL PHOTOBOOTH DI ANITAPHOTO BALI
Authors: Tagsya Farid Arkaan Zamiir , Pramana I Made Bayu , Octaviano Amoga Lelo
Published: July 2023

Era globalisasi di abad 21 merupakan masa dunia beralih ke teknologi yang lebih canggih. Baik dari bidang keilmuan pasti, hingga seni. Fotografi merupakan dunia perbaduan antara teknis dan seni. Fotografi kini dapat kita nikmati dengan mudah. Misalnya kita dapat aplikasikan dengan kamera yang ada pada alat komunikasi kita, yakni telefon genggam, atau smartphone. Aplikasi-aplikasi terkini fotografi dan sosial media dalam smartphone sudah mengalami perkembangan pesat dan semakin menarik. Memotret bukanlah hal yang mudah namun juga bukan hal yang rumit. Laporan magang ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penulis telah menganalisis beberapa hasil foto photobooth dengan menggunakan fitur-fitur yang ada didalamnya, mulai dari foto klasik biasa, GIF, dan Boomerang. Tujuan dilakukan kegiatan magang ini adalah untuk mengetahui teknik pemotretan fitur di Anita Photo Bali Studio agar terlihat menarik. Mengetahui bagaimana memotret dengan memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang terdapat pada classic photobooth dan ipadbooth di Anita Photo Bali Studio sehingga terlihat menarik.
KONSEP DESAIN TAMAN BERMAIN RAMAH ANAK DI LAPANGAN KAPTEN MUDITA BANGLI
Authors: Kusuma I Gusti Ngurah Agung Putra , Kohdrata Naniek , Sutari Ni Wayan Sri
Published: July 2023

Untuk mendukung agar Kota Bangli bisa meraih predikat Kabupaten Layak Anak, diperlukan pembenahan dan pengembangan fasilitas kota, salah satunya dengan membangun sebuah taman bermain yang ramah anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi tapak pada Lapangan Kapten Mudita Bangli, menganalisis dan melakukan sintesis dari membuat konsep desain taman bermain untuk anak dalam konteks Kabupaten Layak Anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dengan teknik survei yang dimulai dari tahapan inventarisasi data, analisis data dan sintesis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi yaitu turun langsung ke lapangan, studi pustaka dengan meneliti berbagai macam dokumen yang bermanfaat bagi penelitian, dan terakhir wawancara yang dilakukan terhadap pihak dinas yang terkait. Hasil penelitian ini berupa konsep desain taman bermain ramah anak di lapangan Kapten Mudita Bangli.
TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI DESAIN INTERIOR RETAIL
Authors: Manikam Rainna Dwiariani , Noorwatha I Kadek Dwi
Published: July 2023

Retail merupakan salah satu objek desain interior yang paling mengemuka, di tengah merebaknya komersialisme global dan teknologi informasi di dunia. Arus produk baik barang dan jasa yang bersifat lintas negara ditawarkan melalui sektor retail yang aspek promosionalnya dibantu oleh media digital seperti start-up digital dan media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman tentang bagaimana mekanisme elemen desain interior yang mengkonstruksi psikologi konsumen untuk meningkatkan peluang pembelian dalam retail. Penelitian ini bersifat studi kepustakaan (library research), sebagai studi awal dan komparasi literatur untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif studi dokumen menggunakan metode systematic review. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lingkungan retail mempunyai peranan penting dalam mengkontruksi aspek psikologis pengunjung. Desain interior retail dengan seluruh elemen pembangunnya yang didesain secara holistik, mampu mengkonstruksi pembelian impulsif konsumen yang akhirnya meningkatkan omzet dari retail itu sendiri.
TEORI TERITORIAL RUANG DAN PROKSEMIK DALAM FILM THE SCENT OF GREEN PAPAYA
Authors: Dwipayana I Kadek Ghandika Putra , Yupardhi Toddy Hendrawan
Published: July 2023

Jarak interaksi personal dan penandaan teritori merupakan cara individu dalam mengatur interaksi yang diinginkan untuk terjadi dalam kehidupannya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana penggambaran perilaku interaksi manusia yang sering dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang dituangkan dalam film berjudul The Scent Of Green Papaya.Film ini dianggap layak untuk menjadi objek penelitian karena selain banyak menampilkan adegan terkait teori interaksi dan perilaku individu sebagai bentuk responnya, film ini juga merupakan sebuah film yang cukup banyak mendapatkan gelar penghargaan internasional.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  kualitatif yang disampaikan secara deskriptif. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi film dan kemudian melakukan interpretasi melalui gambar tangkap adegan. Teori jarak Proksemik (E.T. Hall) dan teori teritorialitas ( I. Altman) digunakan sebagai pendekatan kajian penelitian ini. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah ilustrasi bentuk upaya penerapan teritori dengan memberikan symbol, penanda dan klaim secara non-verbal, ilustrasi pelanggaran teritorialitas dengan pengabaian, invasi atau  agresi pada penanda teritori. Jarak proksemik juga dapat mengalami perubahan seiring perjalanan waktu dan intensitas pertemuan antar individu. Dalam perkembangannya, proksemik tidak hanya mengarah pada jarak interaksi antar manusia secara fisik saja, namun juga berkembang menjadi komunikasi non-verbal manusia dalam interaksinya yang melibatkan bahasa tubuh, gesture dan isyarat lainnya.
MEMBACA KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA INTERIOR MASJID JAMIE KAMPUNG NAGA
Authors: Nurhaliza Nelsa Siti , Purnomo Agus Dody
Published: July 2023

Globalisasi berdampak pada perubahan nilai-nilai budaya di masyarakat. Umumnya menjadi ancaman terhadap budaya lokal dengan mengabaikan keragaman dan kearifan lokal menjadi lebih universal atau keseragaman. Untuk itu perlunya melihat kembali kearifan lokal yang ada di tanah air. Kampung Naga merupakan salah satu kampung adat di Jawa Barat yang masih menjaga kearifan lokal dan memeliharanya hingga saat ini. Mereka memadukan agama dan budaya (tradisi) menjadi sesuatu yang harmonis dalam kehidupan yang selaras dengan alam. Khususnya pada interior masjid Jamie Kampung Naga memiliki keunikan yang berbeda dengan masjid pada umumnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji salah satu jenis bangunan tradisional di Kampung Naga yakni Masjid Jamie khususnya pada bagian interior masjid. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dimana obyek penelitian berupa arsitektur tradisional dan kajiannya terkait dengan kearifan lokal. Arsitektur masjid Jamie dibangun dengan material alami dan bentuk bangunan hampir sama dengan tempat tinggal masyarakatnya. Bangunan tanpa kubah dan menara, namun ditandai dengan adanya bedug dan kentongan. Kesederhanaan arsitektur dan interiornya serta keselarasan dengan alam menjadi bentuk kearifan lokal Kampung Naga. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menginspirasi bagi desainer maupun arsitek dalam mengembangkan keragaman desain bangunan masjid di Nusantara dan khususnya di Jawa Barat.
DESAIN INTERIOR MUSEUM KAIN TENUN IKAT BALI DI DENPASAR
Authors: Indriawati I Dewa Ayu Sukma , Raharja I Gede Mugi , Noorwatha I Kadek Dwi
Published: July 2023

Kain tenun ikat endek dan kain tenun ikat gringsing pada tahun 2015 telah ditetapkan sebagai warisan tak benda yang harus dilestarikan. Kain tenun ikat oleh masyarakat Bali banyak digunakan untuk untuk upacara besar maupun sembahyang ke Pura, seiring perkembangan zaman dan mode kain tenun juga digunakan untuk bahan pakaian sehari-hari, hal ini didukung dengan surat edaran Gubernur Bali nomor 4 tahun 2021 tentang penggunaan Kain Tradisional Bali yang membuat belakangan ini muncul produk kain bermotif seperti tenun ikat Bali yang bukan hasil kerajinan Masyarakat Bali yang mengancam keberadaan kain tenun ikat Bali. Melihat dari permasalahan tersebut perlunya upaya pelestarian kain tenun tradisional Bali dengan mendirikan museum kain tenun ikat Bali yang didesain dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data, metode analisis juga menggunakan metode desain serta parameter yang ideal bagi masyarakat khususnya di Denpasar. Dalam visualisasinya, desain interior Museum Kain Tenun Ikat Bali mengangkat konsep hasri wastra ning wastu memiliki arti keindahan kain pada bangunan. Konsep ini dapat menjadi solusi dari isu permasalahan museum sebagai pusat edukasi kain tenun ikat Bali yang dapat menarik minat pengunjung dengan menampilkan kemewahan hasil karya tangan kain tenun ikat perempuan Bali.
APLIKASI KONSEP BALI COLONIAL & ART DECO STYLE PADA DESAIN KRISNA WISATA KULINER, TUBAN
Authors: Minarti Baiq Riska Nadia , Karso Olih Solihat , Wasista I Putu Udiyana
Published: July 2023

Krisna Wisata Kuliner merupakan restaurant yang menjadi bagian dari Krisna Oleh-Oleh Bali, juga merupakan pusat oleh-oleh terbesar dan terlengkap di Asia Tenggara yang juga menjadi icon dari Bali sendiri. Krisna memiliki bangunan khas yang menjunjung tinggi ciri Arsitektur Bali dan kearifan lokal Bali, ciri khas tersebut dapat ditemukan dari penggunakan material yang dipakai, pedestal berundak-undak dan ukiran- ukiran Bali. Pada proyek renovasi kali konsep Bali Colonial & Art Deco Style menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk diterapkan di Krisna Wisata Kuliner karena akan menjadi tempat pertama yang akan dikunjungi wistawan saat tiba di Bali dan mampu memberikan kesan pertama yang baik terhadap Bali. Penerapan Bali Colonial Style biasanya terlihat seperti bangunan colonial Belanda namun disesuaikan dengan iklim tropis dan nilai-nilai Arsitektur Bali.
PERANCANGAN WORKSPACE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADA HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF CITRALAND SURABAYA
Authors: Linawati Cecilia Hana
Published: July 2023

Workspace atau area kerja adalah tempat atau ruang yang difungsikan untuk bekerja atau melakukan aktivitas tertentu, oleh karena itu kondisi workspace sangat mempengaruhi produktivitas dari penggunanya. Human Capital Management of CitraLand adalah salah satu kantor CitraLand di Surabaya yang bertugas untuk mengurusi penerimaan dan pelatihan pegawai baru serta mengatur upah pegawai sehingga diperlukan produktivitas yang cukup tinggi pada setiap pegawainya namun workspace tiap penggunanya masih belum belum maksimal untuk mendukung produktivitas pengguna. Perancangan Human Capital Management of CitraLand di Surabaya ini dilakukan dengan membuat rancangan redesain yang bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi pada setiap permasalahan interior yang ada seperti area workspace setiap pengguna dan ruangan pendukung lainnya, desain sirkulasi layout yang kurang optimal yang menyebabkan aktivitas pengguna kurang produktif. Proses perancangan ini diawali dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan literature khusunya untuk kantor. Tujuan lainnya yaitu agar pegawai lebih produktif dalam melakukan aktivitas pekerjaannya. Perancangan ini juga menggunakan penerapan sustainable design, universal design, eco design dan new normal design agar pengguna merasa lebih aman.
PERANCANGAN GAYA MODERN KONTEMPORER PADA VILLA BELAKANG, GRAND VILLA PERERENAN
Authors: Sari Made Meitalia , Artayasa I Nyoman , Mulyati Made Ida
Published: July 2023

Bali merupakan salah satu destinasi terpopuler pada masa liburan setiap tahunnya. Maka dari itu pemesanan penginapan biasanya dilakukan sejak jauh-jauh hari. Penginapan pun memiliki jenis yang berbeda-beda, yakni hotel, boutique hotel, resort, cottage, villa, losmen, inn, dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu penginapan di Bali yang akan dibangun yaitu Grand Villa Pererenan. Di dalam kompleks villa akan dibangun 2 tipe villa yaitu Villa 2 Kamar dan Villa Belakang. Villa Belakang Pererenan yang memiliki luasan tanah 4 are ini dirancang dengan mengusung gaya modern-kontemporer yang mana memiliki karakteristik rapi, bersih, dan minim dekorasi. Dalam mengerjakan proyek ini dilakukan metode dokumentasi dan studi literatur dalam pengumpulan data-datanya. Gaya modern-kontemporer diterapkan pada seluruh interior baik pada elemen pembentuk ruang hingga furniturnya. Desainnya banyak menggunakan bentuk geometris seperti persegi dan lingkaran serta garis horizontal dan vertikal. Untuk menerapkan karakteristiknya yang bersih dan rapi, interior didesain dengan minim aksen dan dekorasi. Walaupun demikian interior tetap terlihat menarik karena pengaplikasian material sangat diperhatikan sehingga dapat menjadi sebuah daya tarik dan titik fokus. Interiornya dominan menggunakan warna monokrom yang netral dan sedikit sentuhan warna alami kayu yang dapat memberikan kesan natural dan titik fokus di antara furnitur lainnya. Sedangkan bagian pencahayaan menggunakan pencahayaan alami dan buatan yang berasal dari downlight, lampu gantung, dan LED strip. Warna yang digunakan pada lampu yakni warm white agar interior memberikan kesan hangat dan nyaman untuk dihuni.
Changes in Serum Electrolytes in Blood Transfused and Non-Transfused Post-Operative Patients at a National Referral Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Yawson A.O. , Antwi-Boasiako C. , Djagbletey R. , Abindau E. , Aheto J.M.K. , Botchway F.A. , Adepa F.E. , Yawson A.E.
Published: July 2023

Background: Red blood cell transfusion among patients is an essential part of medical care, and can be life-saving. This study therefore determined changes in serum electrolyte in blood transfused and non-transfused postoperative patients at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana.Methodology: This was a hospital-based longitudinal study involving 160 female patients aged 18- 70 years admitted to the KBTH and screened pre-operatively. In all 92 general surgical and gynaecological adult patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied post-post operatively. Data abstraction form was used for data collection on demographic, weight and serum electrolytes. Categorical data were analysed using chisquare. Independent t-test was used to compare the means for the two groups, while the paired t-test wasused to compare the means for the immediate postoperative and 24 hours post-operative period, using SPSS version 23.0 software.Results: In the transfused patients, serum levels of sodium (p= 0.297), Chloride (p= 0.143), and calcium (p= 0.368) increased, while potassium (p= 0.383) and magnesium (p= 0.147) levels decreased after transfusion; although not statistically significant. However, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of sodium (p= 0.040), potassium (p= 0.001), and magnesium (p= 0.026) in non- ransfused patients 24 hours post operatively. Hypomagnesemia was observed among the transfused patients in this study (pretransfusion, 0.66±0.05 vs. post transfusion, 0.57±0.04, p= 0.147)Conclusion: Blood transfusion corrected serum electrolyte levels in patients after surgery. Serum electrolytes monitoring is clinically useful in postoperative patients in this large referral hospital.
The Frequency and Pattern of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly at the Out Patients Clinic of The Holy Family Hospital, Techiman, Ghana
Authors: Norman D. , Bedu-Addo G. , Sarfo F.S.
Published: July 2023

Background: Ghana’s elderly population increased by 367 percent from 1960 to the year 2000. There have been few studies on cognitive impairment amongst elderly patients in Ghana.Aim: This study was conducted to determine the frequency and pattern of cognitive impairment in the elderly at the outpatients’ clinic of the Holy Family Hospital, Techiman, Ghana.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using modified versions of test your memory test, 10 word recall test, trail making test part B and the mini mental state exam. The effect of cognitive impairment on dailyactivities was assessed using the activities of daily living scale. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with the various cognitive tests chosen.Results: Forty-nine (49) percent of respondents had cognitive impairment using the Ten (10) word list recall whereas 72% of the respondents had cognitive impairment on the modified Test your memory test. On the Mini mental state exam, 76% of respondents had cognitive impairment. Six percent of respondents had cognitive impairment on the Trail making test B. The cognitive domains most affected were visuospatial skills, semantic knowledge, arithmetic and attention. The least affected cognitive domains were verbalfluency, ability to copy, calculation, verbal recall and orientation. A higher educational level was associated with higher scores on all the cognitive tests chosen (p< 0.003).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the frequency of cognitive impairment amongst elderly patients in Techiman is high with visuospatial skills, semantic knowledge, arithmetic and attention being the most affected cognitive domains.
Breast Malignancies in Northern Ghana: A 7-Year Histopathological Review at The Tamale Teaching Hospital (2013 – 2019)
Authors: Der E.M. , Awal S. , Sherif M.
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The Clinicopathological features of female breast malignancies (BMs) diagnosed in northern Ghana have not been documented adequately. The objectives of this review were to describe the annual trend, the clinico-pathological features of female BMs in northern Ghana, and offer recommendations.Material and methods: Clinical and biographical data of the patients were correlated with pathological data, such as tumour size, histological subtype, histological grade, TNM stage and the completeness of excision (Tumour margins). The data were analysed using SPSS software version 26.0 (Chicago). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare tumour variables.Results: There were 712 (61.0%) benign and 455 (39.0%) malignant lesions (P<0.0001). There was an annual rise in BMs over the review period. The mean age at diagnosis with invasive BMs was 47.5±15.4 years. Approximately, 35.0% were aged ≤39-years, compared to 65.0% aged ≥40-years (p<0.0001). The commonest clinical presentation in both age groups was a painless palpable lump. Painful swelling (7.9%vs4.6%) and skin involvement (27.2%vs22.5%) were more common in women aged ≤39-years. Increased prevalence of positive tumour margins (P=0.0544), high histological grade (P<0.0001) and TNM stages (P<0.0001) were common in women≤39-years. However, mean nodal involvement by tumour was more common in women’ aged ≥40-years (6.1±4.5 vs 8.4±5).Conclusion: There was a steady annual rise in breast malignancies over the study period. Breast malignancies commonly affect relatively younger women with advanced stages at presentation. There is the need to intensify breast self-examination and early reporting to health facilities for treatment.
Knowledge and Utilization of Preconception Care Services Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at The Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Beyuo T. , Tandoh T. , Lawrence E.R.
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Our study explores the knowledge, perceived importance, utilization, and barriers to preconception care services among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Accra, Ghana.Design: This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey design.Patients and Methods: Participants are pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.Interventions and Outcome Measures: Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics and their knowledge, perceived importance, utilization, and barriers to preconception care services.Results: Of 120 participants, 71.7% (n=86) had not heard of preconception care, 76.7% (n=92) did not know any elements involved in preconception care, and 27.5% (n=33) were able to select the appropriate definition. One third of participants (39.2%, n=47)viewed preconception care as important. Only 15.8% (n=19) had personally utilized preconception care; most common components received were folic acid supplementation and management of anaemia. Of those who utilized preconception care, 100% felt the carewas beneficial. 21.1% faced a barrier in accessing care, including cultural beliefs, religious beliefs, and lack of time. The majority of all participants (n=75, 62.5%) felt that public education about preconception care could help overcome the barriers.Conclusions: We demonstrate a significant gap in knowledge and awareness of preconception care among pregnant women in Ghana. Women who do receive preconception care have good knowledge about the importance of the care, and universally feel that the care was beneficial. This highlights the importance of public education and healthcare provider counselling on the role, components, and benefits of preconception care.
Malaria Control with Bed Nets; Assessment of Corelates of its Effectiveness for Pregnant Women in Kwaebibirem
Authors: Asare B.A.
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate correlates of the effectiveness of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets (ITNs) for prevention of malaria through pregnancy till delivery.Methodology: The hospital-based cross sectional study enrolled 413 Antenatal Care (ANC) attendants at the maternity ward of the Kade government hospital. Differential patterns of use of ITNs among women who had malaria during pregnancy and women who did not have malaria during pregnancy were compared across various variables. Self-reported information by participants were objectively validated from maternal health record books, patient folders and other relevant maternal health registers.Results: ITNs are an important malaria prevention and control intervention among pregnant women who report using them during pregnancy. The period prevalence of malaria through pregnancy however remained high among adolescents irrespective of ITNuse while tertiary educational background and exposure to Intermittent Preventive Therapy with Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) reduced risk of malaria in pregnancy irrespective of ITN use.Conclusion: Malaria morbidity was generally higher among pregnant women who did not use bed nets during pregnancy despite variations by maternal age, area of residence, gestational age, occupation type, marital status, parity, maternal educational background and IPTp-SP status.Recommendations: Strategies aimed to reduce the period prevalence of malaria during pregnancy should be intensified particularly targeting adolescents. Barriers to sustained universal access to ITNs and IPTp-SP should be eliminated while policies aimed toincrease formal education should be prioritized.
Nurturing Leadership Potential for Personal Effect in Medical Practice
Authors: Danso Kwabena Antwi
Published: July 2023

Commentary
Governor Hugh Clifford
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

Governor Hugh Clifford
Barriers to Skilled Birth Attendance in Indonesia: Any New Lessons for Ghana?
Authors: Sefogah P.E.
Published: July 2023

Commentary
Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation and Phlebitis Risk at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital
Authors: Osei-Tutu E. , Tuoyire D.A. , Debrah S. , Ayetey H.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) cannulation is the commonest invasive procedure among hospitalised patients. It is however associated with risks and complications that can have an adverse impact on the clinical outcome of the patient.Aim: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for development of phlebitis following peripheral IV cannulation at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), and establish the optimal day for routine replacement of IV cannulas in our setting.Method: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of three months from September 2013 to December 2013 at the Medical and Surgical Wards at CCTH. Patients were assessed using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) Score. Results wereanalysed and chi square was used to test associations and significance level set at p value ≤ 0.05.Results: A total of 224 patients were assessed. The incidence rate of phlebitis was 52.2%. Phlebitis was higher among patients who had cannulas in situ beyond day four (66.3%) compared to those who had cannulas for up to four days (44.4%)(p=0.002). Phlebitis wasalso higher among patients with ongoing infections (69%) (p=0.023).Conclusion: Over half of cannulated patients studied developed phlebitis. Phlebitis rates were significantly increased four days post-cannulation and in patients with ongoing infections. Routine replacement of cannulas by day four is therefore recommended.
The Changing Face of Medical Practice
Authors: Anim J.T.
Published: July 2023

Editorial
First Nursing Training College - 1945
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

First nursing training college - 1945
Ghana Medical Association
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

Ghana Medical Association
Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kyei Mathew Y.
Published: July 2023

Commentary
Hepatitis B virus Vertical Transmission in Booked Pregnant Women in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Idris A. , Isah A.Y. , Ekele B.A. , Onafowokan O. , Thairu Y.
Published: July 2023

Background: Perinatal (vertical) transmission has remained the most important route of spread of Hepatitis B Virus in many endemic areas worldwide. Determining magnitude of vertical transmission to the new born fetuses may allow for planning and modification of strategies to curtail the menace.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vertical transmission and Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection rate in pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal, cohort study involving one hundred and five (105) pregnantwomen that were serially recruited between January 2nd and March 31st, 2013 and tested for serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using commercial rapid diagnostic Elisa kits. Those women that were positive for HBsAg were tested for envelope antigen(HBeAg) variant. Recruited patients were followed up till delivery. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results were presented as Simple per cents and chisquare was employed to test for the significance.Results: There were 8 pregnant women that were positive for HBsAg among 105 consecutive women, giving a prevalence rate of 7.6%. There was no in-utero (vertical) transmission recorded in the study population.Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg is relatively high but with zero pre-natal vertical transmission. Proper precautionary measures at delivery are however advocated to keep the vertical transmission at its lowest bearable status.
Trends of Permanent and Long Acting Reversible Forms of Contraception in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra
Authors: Samba A. , Mumuni K.
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the trends of permanent and long acting reversible forms of contraception use over a 5-year period (2011-2015)Methods: Hospital based retrospective study. Data extracted using records from the family planning unit, theatre registers and records from the statistics department of the Korle-Bu teaching Hospital, from 1 January 2011 to 311 December 2015.Results: There were 1982 female sterilizations and 9 vasectomies over the 5-year period. The mean age of sterilized women decreased from 35.7 years to 34.5 years, whereas the mean parity decreased from 4.0 to 3.4. The number of women sterilized each year however declined from 439 in 2011 to 377 in 2015. There was a general upward trend in the number of users of Implant and IUCD.Conclusion: There is a decline in female sterilizations with a very small number of vasectomies in the Korle- Bu Teaching Hospital over the last 5 years. However, there has been an increasing trend in Implant and IUCD use, which may be partly responsible for the declining trend in female sterilization. Against the background of a declining total fertility rate which stands at 4.2 and the mean parity of 3.4 for clients who had female sterilization, there could be a higher unmet need for permanent methods.
Mental Health: New Approaches to an Old Problem
Authors: Thaddeus P.U.
Published: July 2023

An overview of scientific advances in our understanding of mental illnesses over the last half century is considered within the Ghanaian context. Mental illnesses result from a complex interplay of brain circuitry, neurotransmitters, genetics, psychosocial and environmental factors. Stigma, based on ignorance continues to be a significant barrier to care in Ghana. Additionally, the high cost of mental illnesses resulting from prolonged disability, lost productivity and direct and indirect treatment costs should inform strategicplans for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric illnesses. With a psychiatrist to patient ratio of 1:2 million people, it is imperative that all physicians and other healthcare providers be psychiatrically informed practitioners, if we are to adequately care for our mentally disabled citizens. Psychiatric illnesses are significant in at least 50% of primary care visits. Untreated, they contribute to poormedical outcomes and suicide. Major psychiatric and substance use disorders are chronic medical illnesses of the brain, essentially no different from chronic illnesses of other organs like diabetes and hypertension. Implementation of the Mental Health Law, should beguided by scientific evidence and proven multi-modal treatments, including psychopharmacology and culturally informed psychotherapeutic and communitybased interventions. The law should form the basis for inter-disciplinary training in public mental health education and stigma reduction among teachers, nurses, physicians, social workers, judicial law enforcement agencies, pastors and others. Modern communications technology is currently underutilized in supporting sustainable solutions that offer protectionof human rights and the promotion of resiliency and recovery, based on scientific evidence.
Teaching Procedural Clinical Skills to Health Care Professionals in Ghana; The Need to Embrace the New Paradigm Shift
Authors: Awuku Y.A. , Asare N.A.
Published: July 2023

Health professionals training in procedural skills at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels remain a challenge. It has traditionally been based on the principles of “see one, do one and teach one”. This article highlights the usefulness of the Walker and Peyton’s four step framework for teaching procedural skills and the Pendleton’s rule for giving feedback. There is the need to embrace the new paradigm shift with defined goals that allow for feedback by both trainee and trainer. Trainers should review and adopt the best approach for teaching clinical skills, and the requirements for achieving skill mastery to ensure clients safety and ensure the training of competent clinicians for the future.
New Approach to Mental Health and the Implementation of Mental Health Law in Ghana
Authors: Seffah J.D.
Published: July 2023

Editorial
The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in A Cluster of Primary Schools in the Ayawaso Submetro, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Lamptey J.J. , Thomas J.
Published: July 2023

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a high level of inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviour that begins in childhood. It is developmentally inappropriate and impairs thefunctional life of the affected child at home and at school. Although ADHD is a very common childhood developmental disorder, it is not given the attention it deserves in childhood disorders in Ghana. Children affected by ADHD present with numerous psychosocialproblems in the communities they live, wherever they find themselves, and in later life. These psychosocial problems include substance, child and sexual abuses. They also present a range of psychiatric and behavioural disorders e.g. suicides and homicides. They are prone to becoming school dropouts, armed robbers and prostitutes. The present study looked at the prevalence of ADHD in a cluster of primary schools in Accra, Ghana. This study is expected to give evidence for early secondary prevention.Methods: Using random sampling, 18 primary schools were selected from 58 primary schools in the Ayawaso sub metropolitan area in Accra, Ghana. Six out of the eighteen primary schools refused to take part in the study for various reasons. The final cohort of pupils,were from 12 schools with a total population of four hundred and four (404). Their ages ranged from 5 to 9 years. Parents, guardians and teachers were asked to complete the rating scores of symptoms of ADHD by  Corners which is based on DSM-IV. The study alsoassessed the educational status of guardians and parents from the questionnaires.Results: The total number of ADHD males and females was forty (40) and thirty seven (37) respectively. The prevalence of ADHD in the males and female cohorts were ten percent (10%) and nine-point one percent (9.1%) respectively, making a total prevalence ofnineteen-point one percent (19.1%).Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in the selected primary schools was nineteen-point one percent (19.1%). The study also showed that lower socioeducational status may be a positive risk factor for ADHD.
Comparing Vaginal and Oral Administration of Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour in Prolonged Pregnancies
Authors: Frempong R.
Published: July 2023

Background: Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2), is presently used as the approved standard protocol for cervical ripening and labour induction. In search for a cheaper alternative, misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) has been found to be a good substitute. The ideal dose, route and frequency of administration of misoprostol are, however, still under investigation. Although, vaginal application of misoprostol has been validated as a reasonable means of induction, there is patient resistance to digital vaginal examination and there is a risk of ascending infection. For these reasons, oral administration of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction has been tried.Objective: The efficacy and safety of oral and vaginal misoprostol for the elective induction of labour with prolonged pregnancy and unfavourable cervix was compared through a prospective study over a period of one year at the Military Hospital, Accra. Methods: A prospective, non-blinded randomised study of 148 women with prolonged pregnancy. Data was collected using a prepared structured case record form (data profoma). The study population was randomized into two groups and given 50 μg misoprostol orally in one group and 50 μg vaginally in the other. The main outcomes were measured as induction to delivery time,vaginal delivery achieved within 24 hours and the incidence of uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate (FHR) changes. Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was shorter in vaginal group than oral group but the differences did not reach statistical significance (12.9hrs vs 14.3hrs; mean difference -1.42, P value = 0.24). The shorter duration of vaginal misoprostol, however, was significant for nulliparous women (13.4hrs vs 17.9hrs; mean difference 4.53, p<0.05). There was less failure to achieve vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction in the vaginal route group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (6.1% vs. 6.8%; p = 0.81). Fewer women needed oxytocin augmentation in the vaginal group (24.2% vs.17.4%, p = 0.11). There was a higher incidence of uterine hyperstimulation in the vaginal group but not significant (14.7% vs 6.1%, p = 0.10). APGAR scores at 5 minutes showed no difference between the two groups (1.49% vs. 2.99%, p =0.42).Conclusions: Compared with oral misoprostol, vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour at term resulted in a shorter induction-to-delivery time and a lesser need of oxytocin for women to deliver within 24 hours of induction. Both maternal and neonatal safety outcome were comparable in both groups. However, the more frequent occurrence of hyperstimulation in the vaginal group could lessen its preference to the oral route. More trials are needed to determine the right oral dosage that combines efficacy with safety.
External Structural Congenital Anomalies Diagnosed at Birth in Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Nuertey B.D. , Gumanga S.K. , Kolbila D. , Malechi H. , Asilfi A. , Konsosa M. , Dawuni V.A. , Duodu E. , Osei-Posu G. , Mahama I.B.
Published: July 2023

Background: In the year 2013, about 276,000 of the 2.71 million neonatal deaths were directly attributable to congenital anomalies of which an estimated 95%, occurred in low and middle-income countries.Materials and method: This study was part of surveillance on external structural congenital anomalies conducted in the Tamale teaching hospital from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2015. Aggregate data on maternal characteristics and outcome of deliverywere collected from the records in the antenatal clinics, labour and delivery room, and midwifery monthly returns.Results: A total of 35,383 live births were recorded in the study. Overall, 161 external congenital anomalies were recorded over the period. The overall incidence of external congenital anomalies over the five-year period was 455 per 100,000 live births. The gastrointestinal (GIT) system accounted for (77) 47.8%, Central nervous system (65) 40.4%, Major musculoskeletal (9) 5.6%, Genitourinary system about (2) 1.2%, Multisystemic and syndromes accounted for (8) 5.0% of all external structural congenital anomalies. The incidence of specific congenital anomalies found during the study period were as follows; Spina bifida 104.6 per 100,000 live births, Exomphalus/omphalocele 84.8 per 100,000 live births and Anencephaly 5.7 per 100,000 live births. The incidenceof Oro-facial cleft, Hydrocephalus and Imperforate anus were 73.5, 48.0 and 39.6 per 100,000 live births respectively.Conclusion: External structural congenital anomalies rate in the northern sector of Ghana is unacceptably high. Trend analysis has demonstrated the steady decline in neural tube defects.
Treatment Outcome of Open Tibial Shaft Fractures in A Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Tolgou Y. , Ofori A. , Holdbrook-smith H. , Wegdam H.
Published: July 2023

Background: Objective of this prospective study is to report results of treatment of open tibia fractures in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana.Patients and Methods: In this prospective study 47 patients were considered over a 6-month period from February 2012 to July 2012, and each patient was however followed up for at least 3 months. Treatment of these fractures was guided by the unit protocol.Results: Out of the 47 patients, 35 (74%) had a good outcome and 12 (26%) had complications.Conclusion: The results of treatment of open fracture of tibia in this study are encouraging (with 74% of patients having a good outcome). Considering that three decades ago an open fracture of the tibia in Ghana had the common fate of surgical Amputation, Sepsis and Death. Further improvements in treatment of these fractures with early antibiotics, Debridement and irrigation andmodern stabilization methods are recommended.
Ectopic Pregnancy After Bilateral Tubal Ligation – A Case Report
Authors: Sefogah P.E. , Onuzo C.K. , Gordon A.S.
Published: July 2023

Tubal ligation is a permanent voluntary form of contraception in which a woman's fallopian tubes are surgically cut or blocked off to prevent pregnancy. The procedure is a common method for achieving permanent sterilization and can be done at a Caesareansection or at a mini-laparotomy either immediately postpartum or as an interval procedure.Case Report: To report the case of a 35year old woman (G3P2) who was successfully managed for ectopic pregnancy after a bilateral tubal ligation, and review the literature on this rare complication and its management.Conclusion: This case has demonstrated that even though ectopic pregnancy after bilateral tubal ligation is uncommon, sterilization does not invariably confer permanent infertility in all cases.
Exercise Induced Paralysis in Two Young Ghanaian Men
Authors: Abubakari B.B. , Adjei P. , Osei-Poku F. , Nkromah K. , Akpalu A.
Published: July 2023

We present two cases of young Ghanaian males who presented to the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between August and September 2013 with a history of exercise induced quadriparesis and diagnosed to have hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. Both patients had hadrecurrent paralysis for years without a diagnosis. The condition is part of a heterogeneous group of chanellopathies that affect sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in membrane cells. It has autosomal dominant inheritance with male preponderance, common in Caucasians and Asians and rare in blacks.
Personal And Behavioural Characteristics And Risk Of HIV Transmission Among Men And Women In An Urban Fishing Setting In Ghana
Authors: Yawson A.E. , Yeboah O.A. , Yawson A.O. , Yamson P. , Yorke E. , Boima V. , Ayisi A.S. , Dornoo B.T. , Lartey M.
Published: July 2023

Background: HIV surveillance surveys are designed to track trends in HIV and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in sub-populations at particular risk of infection and link the behaviour to biological surveillance. This survey determined personal characteristics, high risk sexual behaviours and HIV perception and testing experience among men and women in an urban fishing community in Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in 2013 among men and women in two fishing communities (Chorkor and James Town) in Accra. In all, 554 subjects (≥18 years) were involved, 264 in Chorkor and 290 in James Town. Data on personal and behavioural characteristics, high risk sexual behaviours, HIV perception and testing experience among men and women were collected with a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were used for the analysis at 95% significant level, using SPSS version 21.Results: Of 554 subjects, 329 (59.4%) were females, and median age was 32 years. A higher proportion of women had no formal education, relatively more men were employed and earned statistically significant higher monthly income than women (72.2% vs. 65.9%, p< 0.001). More working men were involved in itinerant occupations compared to women (46.1% vs. 22%; p< 0.001). Half of all respondents have had sexual intercourse less than a month prior to survey, however, only less than a third 153 (28.5%) usedcondom during the last intercourse. High risk HIV sexual behaviour was more common in younger age groups (> 30 years), those living with partners, those with low education, those currently employed, and those without health insurance. It was also higher in those who did not perceive themselves as being at risk of HIV, have never tested for HIV and who were not members of any social groups or clubs.Conclusion: The survey indicated important personnel and behavioural characteristics that are very important for programme planning and control. Targeted health promotion messages, behaviour change communication, and increased engagement withcommunities and groups are necessary to capture vulnerable men and women in high risk settings. Behavioural surveillance surveys should be considered essential component of national control efforts.
Mixed-Methods Assessment Of A Pilot Decentralized Surgical Training Program For House Officers In Ghana
Authors: Tabiri S. , Appiah-Denkyira E. , Sagoe K.
Published: July 2023

Introduction : There is a critical surgical workforce gap in low- and middle-income countries, particularly at first-level referral (i.e. district) hospitals. To address this gap we piloted a decentralized surgical training program for house officers at a district hospital in Ghana.Methods : Six house officers took part in the pilot program. Trainees participated in : i) didactic, videobased, and practical modules ; ii) intensive surgical immersion at a district hospital with consultant surgeon oversight ; and iii) a 12-month supervised rotation as asurgical care provider at a district hospital. Case mix and volume, complications, and perioperative mortality rate during the program were tracked. Anonymous feedback from the trainees was analysed with a content analysis framework.Results : In the 12-month pilot training program, 6 trainees were actively involved in carrying out 606 procedures either independently, under supervision or as assistant (mean : 101 procedures/trainee). The most frequent pre-operative diagnoses were hernia and complications of labour (432, 71.3%), followed by acute abdomen requiring laparotomy (85, 14.0%), soft tissue mass (21, 3.5%), hemopneumothorax or plearal effusion (19, 3.1%), hydrocele (16, 2.6%), abscess (12, 2.0%) and other (47, 7.8%). Twenty-three (3.8%) patients experienced complications, with the most common being surgical site infections (superficial : 8, 1.3% ; deep : 3, 0.5%). The perioperative mortality rate was 1.2%. Feedback from trainees was generally positive, but revealed several unmet challenges.Conclusion : Through the decentralized surgical training program Ghanaian trainees gained useful experience with essential surgical care at a first-level hospital and provided timely surgical care to patients.
Mode of Delivery and Caesarean Indications Among Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Adu-Bonsaffoh K. , Seffah J.D.
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the relative proportions of vaginal and caesarean deliveries, and the common caesarean indications among women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP).Materials and methods: A cross sectional study conducted at the Maternity unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra from 1st January to 28th February 2013.Results: A total of 368 women with HDP were recruited with 168 (45.7%) and 200 (54.3%) having caesarean and vaginal deliveries respectively. Regarding the caesarean delivery, 31 (18.5%) had gone into labour prior to the surgery whiles 137 (81.5%) were not in labour. Among the 368 women 68 (18.5%) had induction of labour out of which 46 (67.6%) achieved vaginal delivery. The risk of caesarean section was significanty higher in preeclampsia [(adjusted odds ratio 2.898 (1.741-4.824), p-value <0.001] and chronic hypertension [(adjusted odds ratio 2.474 (1.194-5.128), p-value =0.015] with reference to gestational hypertension. The Commoncaesarean indications among women with HDP were previous caesarean birth (26.2%), unfavourable cervix (22.6%), fetal distress (14.9%), failure to progress (10.7%), fetal malpresentation (9.5%), failed induction (7.1%) and placental abruption (3.0%). A total of 65(17.7%) women with HPD had had a prior caesarean birth.Conclusion: This study has determined a high caesarean birth rate in women with HDP with the highest and lowest caesarean rates occurring in chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension respectively. The common caesarean indications among women with HDP were previous caesarean birth, unfavourable cervix, fetal distress, failure to progress, fetal malpresentation, failed induction of labour and placental abruption.
The Pattern of Hip Fractures Over A Ten-Year Period in A Major Referral Centre in Ghana
Authors: Baidoo P.K. , Ocloo A. , Ansu V.
Published: July 2023

Background: The incidence of hip fractures is projected to increase worldwide and so are the associated morbidity, mortality, and cost of managing patients with hip fractures. There is, however, scarcity of data on trend and incidence of hip fractures in sub-Saharan Africa making planning and management difficult.Methods: This is a retrospective study that involves all hip fractures seen and admitted to Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana from 2007 to 2016. The demographic characteristic (sex and age), mechanism of injury, and the fracture type were documented. Association between age, sex, and mechanism of injury and type of fracture were determined by Chi-square, with p-value< 0.05 as the level of significance.Results: Nine hundred and twenty-nine patients were admitted over the 10-year period. There were 492 (53%) females and 437 (47%) males, a ratio of 1.1:1.0. The mean age was 72.2 ± 14.4 years. Falls which mostly were low energy constituted 726 (78.1%) of cases with 203 (21.9%) resulting from road traffic accidents (RTA). There was an increase in patients with hip fractures from 2007 to 2012 followed by a gradual decline. Approximately 490 (52.7%) and 439 (47.3%) of the cases were extracapsular and intracapsular respectively. There was strong association between age and mechanism of injury (X2 (2) =492.10, p < 0.001, Φ =0.73) and moderate association between sex and mechanism of injury (X2 (1) =37.50, p < 0.00, Φ =0.21). There was no significant association between sex or age and the type of fracture (p>0.05)Conclusions: This study shows a 10-year trend of hip fractures in a major referral hospital in Ghana. It will serve as a baseline information for a nationwide study on the incidence rate of hip fracture in the country. It also has a great implication for future planning and management.