bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sikkerhetspolitikk, kultur eller økonomi? Konkurrerende forklaringer på omstillingen av Forsvaret etter den kalde krigen
Authors: Saxi Håkon Lunde
Published: June 2021

I 2001 besluttet Stortinget en vesentlig endring i forsvarskonsept og en betydelig reduksjon i forsvarsstrukturen. Forsvarets hovedoppgave skulle ikke lenger være å utgjøre et mobiliseringsbasert invasjonsforsvar. Beslutningen var et brudd med forsvarskonseptet som hadde dominert norsk forsvarsplanlegging under den kalde krigen og i tiåret som fulgte. Hvorfor ble invasjonsforsvaret forlatt, og hva ble Forsvarets nye hovedoppgave? Artikkelen argumenterer for at det finnes tre dominerende og delvis konkurrerende forklaringer på omleggingen av Forsvaret: en sikkerhetspolitisk, en kulturell og en økonomisk. Den første tilnærmingen ser beslutningen som drevet av et ønske om å bidra mer i utenlandsoperasjoner for å bli oppfattet som en «god alliert» i NATO og USA. Den andre forklarer overgangen med en kulturell endring der en ny og mer «internasjonalisert» forsvarspolitisks diskurs vant frem blant norske beslutningstakere. Den tredje ser endringen som et uunngåelig resultat av invasjonsforsvarets manglende økonomiske bærekraft.
Abstract in English:Security Policy, Culture or Defence Economics? Competing Explanations for the Transformation of the Norwegian Armed Forces after the Cold WarIn 2001, the Storting – Norway’s parliament – decided on a significant change in Norway’s national defence concept and a significant reduction in the defence structure. The Armed Forces’ main task should no longer be to constitute a mobilization-based territorial defence force. The decision was a break with the defence concept that had dominated Norwegian defence planning during the Cold War and in the decade that followed. Why was territorial defence abandoned, and what became the Armed Forces’ new main task? The article argues that there are three dominant and partly competing explanations for the transformation of the Armed Forces: a security policy explanation, a cultural explanation and an economic explanation. The first approach sees the decision as driven by a desire to contribute more in international operations in order to be perceived as a “good ally” in NATO and the United States. The second explains the transformation with cultural changes among Norwegian decision-makers, through which a new and more “internationalized” defence policy discourse became dominant. The third sees the change as the inevitable result of the financial unsustainability of the old status quo in the Armed Forces.
Too Big to Ignore: Lato Sensu Business Students’ Perceptions on an Accounting Big Data Case
Authors: Nasu Vitor Hideo , Nogueira Daniel Ramos , Albertin Elvis Araujo , Marques Claudio
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of lato sensu business students on an accounting big data case. The case was developed by Hoelscher and Mortimer (2018) and was designed to be used with the Tableau software. It was implemented in two distinct accounting courses from two higher education institutions located in the South region of Brazil. Right after the end of the case’s development, surveys were administered to collect data from the 41 participants. Survey questions were divided into three sections: (i) student’s demographic information; (ii) student’s proficiency level in Excel, Tableau, and Statistical software packages; and (iii) ten case-related and Tableau-related questions that were extracted from prior literature. According to the descriptive statistics, most of the students had low proficiency levels in Tableau before the case’s implementation. After the case, students’ perceptions changed from “none” to “basic” regarding their proficiency level. Also, students found the case interesting, engaging, and useful. It helped them to gain an understanding of how data analytics can be used to answer crucial business questions. Results from the association tests indicated that the students’ demographic and academic information is not significantly associated with the case-related and Tableau-related questions. It means that students who majored in accounting and non-accounting areas had similar perceptions. Then, the case has shown to be a productive activity even for those whose academic background is not directly related to the accounting field. Finally, students’ comments reinforced the positive experience with the case.
ROMAN LAW AS THE BASIS OF LEGAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT APPEAL IN CIVIL CASES
Authors: BORISOVA E.A.
Published: June 2021

Appeal as a guarantee of the right to judicial protection, appeared and took shape in the Roman civil procedure. Thanks to the reception of the Roman law the achievements in the field of appeal were adopted by the European legal system, which allowed to create a unified basis for the legislative appearance of the right to appeal a court decision and proceedings in the appellate court. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, as part of the widespread reform of civil proceedings, changes have been made in the appeal process. Many of them are in line with the provisions of the Roman sources of law – the Digest of Justinian and the Code of Justinian. Legislative regulation of Russian civil appeals is characterized by goal ambiguity, which negatively affects the quality of judicial protection and necessitates changes. The experience of Roman appeal allows to answer topical issues of appellate procedure, to determine the vector of development of the appellate court proceedings. The article proves that the source of legal knowledge about civil appeal is corresponding regulations of Justinian’s Code and provisions of Digest of Justinian.
Pengembangkan Bahan Ajar Elektronik LKPD yang Terintegrasi STEM-PjBL pada Materi Termokimia di SMAN 1 Gunung Talang
Authors: Dhonal Afri , Effendi Effendi
Published: June 2021

The collaboration between STEM and PjBL is able to increase interest, motivation, creativity, and effectiveness, and is able to influence the development of students' attitudes in learning. This study produces electronic student worksheets that are integrated with STEM-PBjL, then reveals its validity and practicality. This research is an R&D (Research and Development) research and a 4-D model which includes: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, (4) deseminate. The electronic validation of student worksheets was carried out by 3 Chemistry lecturers of FMIPA UNP and 2 Chemistry teachers and a practical test with 2 teachers and 17 students of Class XII SMA Negeri01 Gunung Talang. Analysis of the validity test used Aiken's V with the validation results of 0.884 and the practicality of using Kappa Kohen with the results, namely for the practicality test of teachers and participants with results of 0.693 and 0.758 which were in high categories. The results of the data show that the electronic student worksheets are valid and practical to use. Kolaborasi antara STEM dan PjBL mampu meningkatkan ketertarikan, motivasi, kreatifitas, dan efektifitas serta mampu mempengaruhi pengembangan sikap peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menghasilkan elektronik LKPD yang terintegrasi STEM-PjBL, kemudian mengungkapkan validitas dan praktikalitasnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D (Research and Development) dan model 4-D yang meliputi: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, (4) disseminate. Validasi elektronik LKPD ini dilakukan 3 dosen Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Padang dan 2 orang guru Kimia SMA dan uji praktikalitas dengan 2 orang guru dan 17 orang siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Gunung Talang. Analisa uji validitas mengunakan Aiken’s V dengan hasil validasi yaitu 0.884 serta praktikalitas mengunakan Kappa Kohen dengan hasil yaitu untuk uji praktikalitas guru dan peserta dengan hasil yaitu 0.693 dan0.758 memiliki kategori tinggi. Hasil data menunjukkan bahwa elektronik LKPD valid dan praktis digunakan.
Pengembangan Modul Konsep Mol Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Pertanyaan Probing dan Prompting untuk Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Yona Putri , Ellizar Ellizar
Published: June 2021

Chemistry modules based on a scientific approach based on probing-prompting questions are designed in such a way as to increase student motivation so as to create an active learning atmosphere, in this way it can make it easier for students to understand the concepts that must be mastered in the mole concept material. The purpose of this research is to produce a product in the form of a module based on a scientific approach applying the probing-prompting technique to the mole concept material and to reveal the level of validity and practicality of the modules created. These types of research are research and development (R&D) using the plomp model and include three stages, namely the initial research stage, the concept formation stage, the assessment stage. In this study, the module validity test was conducted by five validators, namely two chemistry lecturers and three chemistry teachers. The practicality test was carried out by three chemistry teachers and 18 chemistry students at SMA Negeri 2 Batusangkar. The data analysis technique on the validity uses the Aiken's V scale of 0.83 and the data analysis technique in practicality using descriptive statistics is obtained a value of 0.88.The resulting module is based on the iliah method which is equipped with probing prompting questions.The resulting module is based on scientific methods equipped with probing-prompting questions, so that it can be concluded that it is practical and valid. Modul kimia berbasis pendekatan saintifik berdasarkan pertanyaan probing-prompting dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga meningkatkan motivasi siswa sehingga terciptanya suasana belajar yang aktif, dengan cara ini dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami konsep konsep yang harus dikuasai dalam materi konsep mol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk dalam bentuk modul berbasis pendekatan saintifik menerapkan teknik probing-prompting pada materi konsep mol dan mengungkap tingkat validitas dan kepraktikalitas modul yang dibuat. Jenis-jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model plomp dan meliputi tiga tahap yaitu tahap penelitian awal, tahap pembentukan konsep, tahap penilaian. Dalam penelitian ini, uji validitas modul dilakukan oleh lima orang validator, yaitu dua orang dosen kimia dan tiga orang guru kimia. Uji kepraktisan dilakukan oleh tiga orang guru kimia dan 18 orang siswa kimia SMA Negeri 2 Batusangkar. Teknik analisa data pada validitas menggunakan skala Aiken’s V sebesar 0,83 dan teknik analisa data pada praktikalitas menggunakan statistic descriptive diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,88 Modul yang dihasilkan didasarkan pada metode ilmiah yang dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan probing-prompting modul yang dihasilkan didasarkan pada metode ilmiah yang dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan probing-prompting, sehingga dapat disimpulkan praktis dan valid.
Pengembangan E-Modul Klasifikasi Materi dan Perubahannya Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Kelas VII SMP/MTs
Authors: Christina S. Winda Melfa , Hardeli Hardeli
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by the Covid-19 pandemic which requires the learning process that should take place at school to be transferred to at home. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-module for material classification and its changes based on a scientific approach for seventh grade junior high schools. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) or development research with a 4-D development model. To produce E-module, the validity and practicality tests were carried out with the research instrument used, namely the validity questionnaire, the results of which were analyzed using the Kappa Cohen formula. This study produced an e-module of material classification and its changes based on a scientific approach with the average data obtained with the kappa moment of 0.88 with a very high level of validity, while the results of the teacher practicality test and the practicality test of students obtained the average kappa moment ( k) 0,86 and 0,87, respectively, with a very high level of practicality. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pandemi Covid-19 yang mengharuskan proses pembelajaran yang seharusnya berlangsung di sekolah dialihkan menjadi di rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan e-modul klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya berbasis pendekatan saintifik untuk kelas VII SMP/MTs. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu Research and Development (R&D) atau penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan 4-D. Untuk menghasilkan E-modul yang standar dan sesuai kebutuhan, maka dilakukan uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket validitas yang hasilnya akan dianalisis menggunakan formula Kappa Cohen. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan e-modul klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya berbasis pendekatan saintifik diperoleh nilai momen kappa sebesar 0,88 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, sedangkan hasil uji praktikalitas guru dan uji praktikalitas peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata momen kappa (k) secara berturut-turut 0,86 dan 0,87 dengan kategori sangat tinggi.
Pengembangan Modul Asam dan Basa Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Pertanyaan Probing dan Prompting untuk Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Marlenza Ticha , Ellizar Ellizar
Published: June 2021

Research and development (R&D) is a research to develop and produce new products. R&D is used in this research to produce a new product in the form of a scientific approach module using probing and prompting questions on acid and alkaline materials along with revealing the validity and practicality of the module using 4-D development model. There are 4 steps taken, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Time and cost limitations prevent the disseminate stage from being realized. Questionnaires for validity and practicality are instruments used in collecting data. Using the Aiken's V formula in data analysis, the validity category was obtained for the validity test with an average V value of 0.90. For the practicality test of the teacher and students, the very practical category was obtained with an average percentage of practicality of 87% and 85%, respectively. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the module was declared practical and was also valid for use in the learning process. This research is suggested to the next researchers who are interested in conducting further research in order to reveal what has not been done in this research. Penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) merupakan suatu penelitian untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan produk baru. R&D digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan produk baru berbentuk modul pendekatan saintifik menggunakan pertanyaan probing dan prompting pada materi asam dan basa disertai mengungkap kevalidan dan kepraktisan modul menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Ada 4 tahapan yang dilakukan, yaitu Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Keterbatasan waktu dan biaya menyebabkan tahap disseminate tidak terealisasi. Angket validitas dan praktikalitas adalah instrumen yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data. Menggunakan formula Aiken’s V dalam analisa data diperoleh kategori valid untuk uji validitas dengan nilai V rata-rata sebesar 0,90. Untuk uji praktikalitas dari guru dan siswa diperoleh kategori sangat praktis dengan rata-rata persentase praktikalitas masing-masing sebesar 87% dan 85%. Dari hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa modul pendekatan saintifik yang menggunakan pertanyaan probing dan prompting materi asam dan basa dinyatakan praktis dan juga sudah valid digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini disarankan kepada peneliti berikutnya yang berminat melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar dapat mengungkapkan hal yang belum dilakukan dalam penelitian ini.
PELAKSANAAN PENGAWASAN KEIMIGRASIAN TERHADAP WARGA NEGARA ASING YANG MENGGUNAKAN VISA KUNJUNGAN WISATA
Authors: Saputra Fadli
Published: June 2021

Padang City is a city located in the province of West Sumatra, with a very strategic geographical condition, making the city of Padang rich in natural beauty. The beauty of nature is used by people in Padang City as a tourist spot, so that it is able to steal the attention of foreign tourists to come to visit, foreign tourists who enter and leave the Padang City area, all of which are under immigration control. Immigration is a form of enforcement in the implementation of state government sovereignty, therefore to facilitate immigration in carrying out its duties and functions in the supervision sector of foreign visits, a class 1 Padang Immigration office was formed. Since the enactment of Presidential Regulation Number 21 of 2016 regarding Visit Visas in Indonesia, it is clear that 169 countries are free to visit Padang City only with their passports. The purpose of this Presidential Regulation is to increase foreign tourist visits to Padang City so that it has an impact on increasing national development in general and increasing economy in particular, foreign tourists who come are expected to have a positive impact on the economy of the people of Padang City. However, the fact is not as imagined by the Padang City Government, the tourist visit permit granted to foreign tourists is prone to abuse, especially looking for work or opening business land and settling in a place. Researchers took the research location at the Padang Class I Immigration Office, because the city of Padang is one of the most attractive cities to be visited by foreign tourists, especially its natural beauty. As a government effort in order to support the maintenance of stability, security and vigilance against all negative impacts arising from the crossing of people between countries, and the activities of foreigners in Padang City, it is deemed necessary to carry out supervision of foreigners and immigration actions in a fast, thorough, and coordinated manner, without must ignore the openness in providing services to foreigners who are at the Class 1 Padang Immigration Office.
Propose a method to find performance measures in the fuzzy queuing system
Authors:   Al-Nahrain University - Baghdad - Iraq, Kaml Barraq , Ibrahim Mohamed ,   Al-Nahrain University - Baghdad - Iraq
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a new method whose application based on properties of the prime numbers of fuzzy Delphi method and Dong, Shah and Wong (DSW) algorithm. Algorithm’s work depends on the 𝛂-cut representation of the fuzzy sets, to determine the lower and upper limits of fuzzy values. These values can be identified ​​via adopting the triangular numbers of the Delphi fuzzy method. This paper adopts fuzzy queuing systems with a limited capacity, also derives the membership functions of performance measures of fuzzy queuing systems when values of the arrival and service times are fluctuate. To test the applicability and usefulness of the model, real data of a non-profit organization are used. Besides, opinions of ten experts are adopted and applied them in the fuzzy Delphi and propose method.
Literature in the Algerian EFL Bachelor of Arts degree: Reading Literature
Authors: BELAL Yamina , Ouahmiche Ghania
Published: June 2021

Given the acknowledged and undeniable advantages of literature in language education, it has been integrated into EFL curricula for undergraduate students as an essential subject. In the Algerian English departments before the reform introduced in the last two decades (the Licence, Master, doctorate system), literature used to have a privileged status in terms of the number of courses and number of classes or tutorials. However, after the reform, the importance of literature and the lion’s share that it used to have in the EFL Bachelor of Arts course regressed in favor of more specialized subjects. Such a reform has only worsened the state of the art of EFL literature teaching, which was already in a deplored state according to the will be cited studies. This article aims at pointing at the primary defects or malfunctioning of the first-year literature course by answering the question: what are the main flaws of the first-year EFL literature course? In order to answer this question, the article starts with a review of the whole literature course package, i.e., objective, content, methodology, and assessment. More importantly, to go beyond mere evaluation and criticism, the article ends by suggesting an alternative course that adopts task-based language teaching as a methodology. The proposed task-based literature course attempts to overcome the observed weaknesses or the inefficiencies of the actual course by matching the course objective, content, methodology, and assessment to students’ needs and aptitudes.
Assessing the impacts of conflicting gender ideologies on domestic violence: a case study of Nigerian-immigrant women in Canada
Authors:   , Ibu Esther
Published: June 2021

The thesis investigated how conflicting gender ideologies influenced Nigerian-immigrant women's experiences of domestic violence in Canada. Nigeria, the participants' country of heritage, practices patriarchal social stratification while Canada, the country of current residence, has egalitarian structures. Using a qualitative research orientation and non-probability purposive snowballing sampling procedures with ten (10) Nigerian immigrant women to Canada, data collection procedures involved electronic phone interviews. The data analysis process involved transcription, categorization, coding, and theme generation by the researcher. The nine major themes identified that the study participants experiences a change or shift in gender ideologies towards more egalitarian ideologies while some of their partners did not experience the same change, thereby resulting in conflicting gender ideologies that influenced their experiences of domestic violence. The thesis concluded with recommendations for culturally sensitive services that combat domestic violence, and ease adjustment into Canadian communities for the study participants and immigrant women in general.
"Being connected to my Shuswap family in the south": a reflective inquiry into the social media experiences of Indigenous youth in Northern and rural British Columbia
Authors:   , Odulaja Omolara
Published: June 2021

This research extends and explores two key concepts. First, cultural preservation is important to Indigenous health and wellbeing. Second, when Indigenous youth spend quality time (whether online or offline) on issues pertaining to their identity and sense of self, that time can be key to preserving Indigenous cultures. This research project was an exploratory study carried out using a variety of research methods, including online surveys, semistructured interviews, and open ended storytelling engagements. In this study, youth ages 15 to 24 years interacted with one another in online and offline spaces, which in some cases served as culturally safe wellbeing sites where their self-esteem increased, especially if they were mentored by Indigenous peers and adults. This study found out that Indigenous youth are active social media users and engage in all kinds of activities including self presentation, social connections, cultural activities, and advocacy. The risks and benefits of using social media for identity expression and cultural engagement were identified, but some youth were noted to require supports to engage safely on social media to derive maximum benefits. The interdisciplinary nature of the research merges concepts, theories, and ideas from First Nations Studies, Sociology, Community Health, and Media Studies. This project embraced methodologies employed in these various disciplines but used a Two-Eyed Seeing framework as a tool to ensure cohesiveness in the research and respect for Indigenous cultures and cultural protocols. The research ultimately unfolded using lenses of both Indigenous and nonIndigenous worldviews, which I believe contributed greatly to the richness of the findings.
Hogyan befolyásolja a kultúra az egészséget és a jóllétet? I. rész: Az egészség kulturális beágyazottsága
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: June 2021

2015-ben a WHO Európai Regionális Irodája neves európai szakértőket kért fel az egészség és a jóllét kulturális beágyazottságával kapcsolatos tudományos tények áttekintésére, és erről szakpolitikusoknak szánt rövid jelentés összefoglalására. A WHO e lépését olyan előzmények váltották ki, melyek a kultúrának az egészséggel való szoros kapcsolatára hívták fel a figyelmet. , Az újonnan felismert összefüggések érthetővé teszik, hogy a kultúra miért kapott kiemelt figyelmet a WHO globális és európai stratégiai dokumentumában is. A WHO szakértői munkacsoportja által összeállított jelentés megismerése nemcsak a szakpolitikusoknak világíthat meg új összefüggéseket, hanem a népegészségüggyel kapcsolatba kerülő valamennyi szakember számára is tanulságos, hasznos lehet. Követve a jelentés szerkezetét, három rövid írás ismerteti a munkacsoport összefoglalóját: az első a kultúra fogalmának az egészség és a jóllét szempontjából adott értelmezését mutatja be, továbbá rámutat azokra a hiányosságokra, amelyek komoly akadályt jelentenek az egészség javításában, az egészségegyenlőtlenségek csökkentésében. A második cikk a kultúra és a táplálkozás, a harmadik a kultúra és a környezet kapcsolatát vizsgálja az egészség és a jóllét fejlesztése szempontjából. Mindhárom rész a döntéshozók számára megfogalmazott – az egészség és a jóllét kulturális beágyazottságának az egészségügyi szakpolitikában való figyelembe vételét előmozdító – beavatkozások ajánlásával zárul.
Komplex egészségfejlesztési beavatkozások lehetséges prevenciós megközelítései
Authors: Járomi Éva , Kimmel Zsófia
Published: June 2021

Háttér: A különböző prevenciós tevékenységek eredményessége eltérő lehet attól függően, hogy az egész populációra vagy csupán egy adott (kockázati) csoportra fókuszál. Ily módon fontos megkülönböztetnünk és megismernünk a különféle megközelítések potenciális előnyeit és hátrányait. A közlemény célja a különböző populációs és kockázat alapú prevenciós megközelítések bemutatása, alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata az egészségnyereség maximalizálása érdekében. Módszer: populációs, kockázat-alapú, egyénre és különböző társadalmi csoportokra irányuló prevenciós megközelítésekről fellelhető szakirodalmi áttekintés a hazai és nemzetközi adatbázisokból (PubMed, Science Direct, Medline), valamint a szakirodakmak irodalomjegyzékeinek áttekintése által. Eredmények: Az egészségfejlesztésnek számos megközelítése létezik, aszerint, hogy a beavatkozások célzása hogyan történik. Ez alapján az alábbi főbb módszereket különbözetjük meg, úm. színtér alapú, kockázati, populációs és szubpopulációs megközelítések. Következtetések: Több szinten történő, egyéni, különböző társadalmi (sérülékeny) csoportokat, kockázat alapú, valamint a teljes populációt célzó megközelítésre alapozott beavatkozások tervezésére, komplementer alkalmazására van szükség a lakosság és az egyes társadalmi csoportok egészségnyereségének maximalizálása érdeken.
Exploration of serum cardiac troponin I as a biomarker of cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Authors: Moriarty Megan E. , Miller Melissa A. , Murray Michael J. , Duignan Pádraig J. , Gunther-Harrington Catherine T. , Field Cara L. , Adams Lance M. , Schmitt Todd L. , Johnson Christine K.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations between sea otters with and without cardiomyopathy and describe 2 cases of cardiomyopathy with different etiologies.

ANIMALS

25 free-ranging southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) with (n = 14; cases) and without (11; controls) cardiomyopathy and 17 healthy managed southern sea otters from aquariums or rehabilitation centers (controls).

PROCEDURES

Serum cTnI concentration was measured in live sea otters. Histopathologic and gross necropsy findings were used to classify cardiomyopathy status in free-ranging otters; physical examination and echocardiography were used to assess health status of managed otters. Two otters received extensive medical evaluations under managed care, including diagnostic imaging, serial cTnI concentration measurement, and necropsy.

RESULTS

A significant difference in cTnI concentrations was observed between cases and both control groups, with median values of 0.279 ng/mL for cases and < 0.006 ng/mL for free-ranging and managed controls. A cutoff value of ≥ 0.037 ng/mL yielded respective sensitivity and specificity estimates for detection of cardiomyopathy of 64.3% and 90.9% for free-ranging cases versus free-ranging controls and 64.3% and 94.1% for free-ranging cases versus managed controls.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of sea otter death that has been associated with domoic acid exposure and protozoal infection. Antemortem diagnostic tests are needed to identify cardiac damage. Results suggested that serum cTnI concentration has promise as a biomarker for detection of cardiomyopathy in sea otters. Serial cTnI concentration measurements and diagnostic imaging are recommended to improve heart disease diagnosis in managed care settings.
Comparison of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles and perfluorobutane for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in dogs
Authors: Park Seungjo , Je Hyejin , Jang Seolyn , Choi Bo-Kwon , Lee Eunji , Lee Suhyun , Choi Jihye
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare qualitative features and quantitative parameters of 2 contrast agents (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles [SHM; SonoVue] and perfluoro-butane [PFB; Sonazoid]) for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the pancreas in dogs.

ANIMALS

8 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES

In a crossover study design, CEUS of the pancreas was performed twice in each dog, once with SHM and once with PFB, in random order with at least 3 days between examinations. The recorded cine images were qualitatively assessed for homogeneity of pancreatic enhancement and conspicuity of the pancreatic signal relative to the background. For the quantitative assessment, circular regions of interest were placed over the pancreatic body, and a time-intensity curve was obtained. For each region of interest, CEUS parameters including peak intensity (PI), time to peak pancreatic enhancement, area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in rate were obtained.

RESULTS

The homogeneity of the pancreatic parenchyma was not significantly different between contrast agents. The signal conspicuity relative to background noise was significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Mean values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC were significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Time to peak enhancement was not significantly different between contrast agents.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Pancreatic CEUS with SHM and PFB produced similar homogeneity scores, but only PFB provided excellent signal conspicuity. Perfluorobutane produced higher values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC. Findings indicated that PFB can provide homogeneous and strong enhancement of the pancreas during CEUS in healthy dogs and that pancreatic CEUS parameter values differ with the contrast agent used.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) at two different doses and administration routes
Authors: Hawkins Shawna J. , Cox Sherry K. , Sladky Kurt K.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine an optimal ceftazidime dosing strategy in Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) by evaluation of 2 different doses administered SC and 1 dose administered transcutaneously.

ANIMALS

44 Northern leopard frogs (including 10 that were replaced).

PROCEDURES

Ceftazidime was administered to frogs SC in a forelimb at 20 mg/kg (n = 10; SC20 group) and 40 mg/kg (10; SC40 group) or transcutaneously on the cranial dorsum at 20 mg/kg (10; TC20 group). Two frogs in each ceftazidime group were euthanized 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after drug administration. Plasma, renal, and skin concentrations of ceftazidime were measured by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Four control frogs were used for assay validation.

RESULTS

Mean plasma half-life of ceftazidime in the SC20, SC40, and TC20 groups was 9.01 hours, 14.49 hours, and too low to determine, respectively. Mean maximum plasma ceftazidime concentration was 92.9, 96.0, and 1.3 μg/mL, respectively. For 24 hours after drug administration in the SC20 and SC40 groups, plasma ceftazidime concentration exceeded 8 μg/mL. Renal and skin concentrations were detectable at both doses and routes of administration; however, skin concentrations were significantly lower than renal and plasma concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings indicated that ceftazidime administration to Northern leopard frogs at 20 mg/kg, SC, every 24 hours would achieve a plasma concentration exceeding the value considered effective against common amphibian pathogens. Transcutaneous administration of the injectable ceftazidime formulation at 20 mg/kg warrants further investigation but is not currently recommended because of a potential lack of efficacy.
Evaluation of the sublingual microcirculation with sidestream dark field video microscopy in horses anesthetized for an elective procedure or intestinal surgery
Authors: Mansour Christelle , Chaaya Rana , Sredensek Jerneja , Mocci Rita , Santangelo Bruna , Allaouchiche Bernard , Bonnet-Garin Jeanne-Marie M. , Boselli Emmanuel , Junot Stéphane A.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare the sublingual microcirculation between healthy horses anesthetized for elective procedures and horses with colic anesthetized for abdominal surgery and to determine the effect of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) on the microcirculation.

ANIMALS

9 horses in the elective group and 8 horses in the colic group.

PROCEDURES

Sublingual microcirculation was assessed with sidestream dark field video microscopy. Videos were captured at 3 time points during anesthesia. Recorded microvasculature parameters were De Backer score (DBS), total density of perfused vessels (PVD) and small vessels (PVD-S), total proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and small vessels (PPV-S), vascular flow index (MFI), and heterogeneity index (HI). Blood pressure during hypotensive (MAP < 60 mm Hg) and normotensive (MAP ≥ 60 mm Hg) episodes was also recorded.

RESULTS

During normotensive episodes, the elective group had significantly better PPV and PPV-S versus the colic group (median PPV, 76% vs 50%; median PPV-S, 73% vs 51%). In both groups, PPV decreased during anesthesia (elective group, −29%; colic group, −16%) but significantly improved in the elective group 15 minutes before the end of anesthesia (59%). During hypotensive episodes, PVD-S was better preserved in the colic group (11.1 vs 3.8 mm/mm2). No differences were identified for the microcirculatory parameters between normo- and hypotensive episodes in the colic group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Sublingual microcirculation was better preserved in healthy horses anesthetized for elective procedures than in horses with colic anesthetized for abdominal surgery despite resuscitation maneuvers. Results indicated that the macrocirculation and microcirculation in critically ill horses may be independent.
Analysis of genes associated with proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways upregulated in ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease in cats
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Alabady Magdy S. , Stanton James B. , Coleman Amanda E. , Brown Cathy A. , Rissi Daniel R. , Brown Scott A. , Tarigo Jaime L.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To use RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to characterize renal transcriptional activities of genes associated with proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats.

SAMPLES

Banked renal tissues from 6 cats with experimentally induced CKD (renal ischemia [RI] group) and 9 healthy cats (control group).

PROCEDURES

Transcriptome analysis with RNAseq, followed by gene ontology and cluster analyses, were performed on banked tissue samples of the right kidneys (control kidneys) from cats in the control group and of both kidneys from cats in the RI group, in which unilateral (right) RI had been induced 6 months before the cats were euthanized and the ischemic kidneys (IKs) and contralateral nonischemic kidneys (CNIKs) were harvested. Results for the IKs, CNIKs, and control kidneys were compared to identify potential differentially expressed genes and overrepresented proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways.

RESULTS

Genes from the gene ontology pathways of collagen binding (eg, transforming growth factor-β1), metalloendopeptidase activity (eg, metalloproteinase [MMP]-7, MMP-9, MMP-11, MMP-13, MMP-16, MMP-23B, and MMP-28), chemokine activity, and T-cell migration were overrepresented as upregulated in tissue samples of the IKs versus control kidneys. Genes associated with the extracellular matrix (eg, TIMP-1, fibulin-1, secreted phosphoprotein-1, matrix Gla protein, and connective tissue growth factor) were upregulated in tissue samples from both the IKs and CNIKs, compared with tissues from the control kidneys.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Unilateral ischemic injury differentially altered gene expression in both kidneys, compared with control kidneys. Fibulin-1, secreted phosphoprotein-1, and matrix Gla protein may be candidate biomarkers of active kidney injury in cats.
First Evidence of Presence of Varroa underwoodi Mites on Native Apis cerana Colonies in Primorsky Territory of Russia Based on COX1 Gene
Authors: Ilyasov Rustem A. , Takahashi Jun-ichi , Proshchalykin Maxim Y. , Lelej Arkady S. , Lee Myeong-lyeol , Kwon Hyung Wook , Nikolenko Alexey G.
Published: June 2021

The species of genus Varroa mites parasitize on the honey bees of genus Apis. Unlike the well-studied V. destructor and V. jacobsoni mites, V. underwoodi remain less known. According to English language publications, the proven V. underwoodi distribution area of A. cerana colonies covers Nepal, South Korea, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam and China, but not Russia even though it had been described morphometrically in Russian language publications in Russia's Primorsky Territory. According to Vavilov's law (1920) of a homologous series, all the species of V. underwoodi, V. destructor and V. jacobsoni have the ability to spill over onto new hosts. Thus, V. underwoodi is a potential parasite of A. mellifera that should be carefully studied. In this study, V. underwoodi mites in colonies of honey bee subspecies A. c. ussuriensis native to Russia's Primorsky Territory are first proven using both morphometry and mitochondrial COX1 gene sequencing. The genetic divergence and p-distances between V. underwoodi and other Varroa species ranged from 7 to 10% and from 0.072 to 0.099, respectively, which matched the intraspecific level of differences. Two identical northernmost V. underwoodi samples from Russia's Primorsky Territory and China's Jilin province with GenBank accession number MH205176 were assigned as COX1 haplotype China 1 MH205176. The first discovery of V. underwoodi in the Primorsky Territory in northern Asia outlined the northern border of its range.
Factor Affecting the Capital Adequacy Ratio of Banks Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Susy Muchtar Abdurrahman Setiawan,
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to conclude the factors that affect bank capital adequacy ratios. The sample used is 42 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The analysis method used was panel data regression and using purposive sampling for the sampling technique. The independent variables in this study are loan loss reserves, return on equity, bank size liquidity ratio and loan ratio, and capital adequacy ratio is the dependent variable. The results show that bank size and the return on equity have a positive effect on capital adequacy ratio, while loan ratio has a negative effect on capital adequacy ratio. The liquidity ratio and loan loss reserve have no effect on the capital adequacy ratio. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a reference for companies to understand the factors that affect capital adequacy. Managerial implications: Banking companies are expected to increase the total number of assets held, increase return on equity and reduce bank loan ratios to avoid the risk of bad credit.
Determining Factors of Digital Wallet Usage
Authors: Sukis Warningsih Nuryasman MN,
Published: June 2021

This research aims to examine the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and trust on the usage intention of digital wallets among college students. Respondents in this study consisted of 138 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Tarumanagara University, who use ShopeePay. The primary data used for the study were obtained through questionnaires distributed online, in which to select respondents a purposive sampling method was applied. Then the collected data is processed with the analysis technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using SmartPLS software. The results showed that perceived usefulness and trust positively influenced usage intention. Meanwhile, the perceived risk did not affect usage intention.
The Effect Of Perceived Benefits In Formatting Male Online Shoppers’ Attitude
Authors: Ian Nurpatria Suryawan Yokie Radnan Kristiyono, Erlyn Ribkah Roring,
Published: June 2021

This study addresses (1) whether the convenience is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (2) whether the price is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (3) whether the product variety is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (4) whether the perceived benefit influence to the attitude towards online shopping. (5) whether the attitude towards online shopping influence on the online purchase intention. The data used in this study is collected from total of 240 respondents who are male and users of 10 most widely used e-commerce in Indonesia. The study reveals that perceived benefits are a multidimensional construct that is reflection in three dimensions, namely convenience, price, and variety product. Second, perceived benefits have a positive relationship to attitudes toward online shopping among men. Third, attitude toward online shopping have a positive relationship to online purchase intention. E-commerce companies' perceived benefits can have a positive influence on consumer's online attitudes.
Leadership and Motivation to built Morale and Quality of Lecturer's Work
Authors: Rachman Azis
Published: June 2021

The four variables presented in this article examine leadership styles, motivation, work spirit, and quality of work for lecturers and teaching staff at private universities in Gorontalo. This research is an experimental type, where is presented is the result of the analysis and relationship between every variable. The data analysis tool is carried out using the Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) application. Where the results of this study indicate that leadership style does not directly affect the quality of work. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on work morale. Morale has a positive and significant effect on the quality of work and motivation has a positive and significant effect on the quality of work.
A enfermagem frente a reintegração social de pacientes com distúrbios psíquicos
Authors: Santos Theodora Maria de Paiva dos , Santos Nathalia Olímpio , Paixão Patrícia Fonseca , Santos Edméa Maria de Paiva dos , Siqueira Daniella Souza Gama , Mota Breno de Souza , Queiroz Nataly Danielle Araújo , Figueiredo Silvana Nunes
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a participação da equipe de enfermagem frente a reintegração social de pacientes com distúrbios psíquicos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), onde foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS e BDENF. Foram inseridos os estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em português, disponíveis na íntegra em texto complete e que possuia relação com a temática abordada. Resultados: Após a aplicação dos filtros, o total de artigos encontrados foi 47 e selecionados 16. Dentre as modalidades de atendimento extra hospitalar onde foi possível constatar a presença da enfermagem com maior relevância, destaca-se o serviço de residência terapêutica e CAPS. Considerações finais: A assistência de enfermagem nas unidades de atendimento extra-hospitalar constitui não somente a administração de medicamentos e consultas regulares, no processo de reintegração social, realize atividades lúdicas que induzem a autonomia do indivíduo respeitando suas características singulares, investindo em propostas terapêuticas descentralizadas de acesso integral e equânime para adesão ao tratamento proposto e recuperação da saúde.
Stem cell therapy in dermatology
Authors: Khandpur Sujay , Gupta Savera , Gunaabalaji D. R.
Published: June 2021

Stem cells are precursor cells present in many tissues with ability to differentiate into various types of cells. This interesting property of plasticity can have therapeutic implications and there has been substantial research in this field in last few decades. As a result, stem cell therapy is now used as a therapeutic modality in many conditions, and has made its way in dermatology too. Stem cells can be classified on the basis of their source and differentiating capacity. In skin, they are present in the inter-follicular epidermis, hair follicle, dermis and adipose tissue, which help in maintaining normal skin homeostasis and repair and regeneration during injury. In view of their unique properties, they have been employed in treatment of several dermatoses including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleromyxedema, alopecia, Merkel cell carcinoma, pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis, wound healing, epidermolysis bullosa and even aesthetic medicine, with variable success. The advent of stem cell therapy has undoubtedly brought us closer to curative treatment of disorders previously considered untreatable. Nevertheless, there are multiple lacunae which need to be addressed including ideal patient selection, timing of intervention, appropriate conditioning regimens, post-intervention care and cost effectiveness. Further research in these aspects would help optimize the results of stem cell therapy.