bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unitarizing infinite-range forces: Graviton-graviton scattering, the graviball, and Coulomb scattering
Authors: Oller José Antonio
Published: December 2022

We study graviton-graviton scattering in partial-wave amplitudes after unitarizing their Born terms. In order to apply S -matrix techniques, based on unitarity and analyticity, we introduce an S -matrix associated to this resummation that is free of infrared divergences. This is achieved by removing the diverging phase factor calculated by Weinberg that multiplies the S matrix, and that stems from the virtual infrared gravitons. A scalar graviton-graviton resonance with vacuum quantum numbers is obtained as a pole in the nonperturbative S -wave amplitude, which is called the graviball. Its resonant effects along the physical real s-axis may peak at values substantially lower than the UV cutoff squared of the theory, similarly to the σ resonance in QCD. These techniques are also applied to study nonrelativistic Coulomb scattering up to next-to-leading order in the unitarization program. A comparison with the exact known solution is very illuminating.
Reference Intervals in Coagulation Analysis
Authors: Müller Jens , Büchsel Martin , Timme Michael , App Urban , Miesbach Wolfgang , Sachs Ulrich J. , Krause Michael , Scholz Ute
Published: December 2022

Blood coagulation analysis is characterized by the application of a variety of materials, reagents, and analyzers for the determination of the same parameter, or analyte, by different laboratories worldwide. Accordingly, the application of common reference intervals, that, by definition, would represent a “range of values (of a certain analyte) that is deemed normal for a physiological measurement in healthy persons,” is difficult to implement without harmonization of procedures. In fact, assay-specific reference intervals are usually established to allow for the discrimination of normal and abnormal values during evaluation of patient results. While such assay-specific reference intervals are often determined by assay manufacturers and subsequently adopted by customer laboratories, verification of transferred values is still mandatory to confirm applicability on site. The same is true for reference intervals that have been adopted from other laboratories, published information, or determined by indirect data mining approaches. In case transferable reference intervals are not available for a specific assay, a direct recruiting approach may or needs to be applied. In comparison to transferred reference interval verification, however, the direct recruiting approach requires a significantly higher number of well-defined samples to be collected and analyzed. In the present review, we aim to give an overview on the above-mentioned aspects and procedures, also with respect to relevant standards, regulations, guidelines, but also challenges for both, assay manufacturers and coagulation laboratories.
The Science Behind Nefertiti's Beauty: A Plastic Surgeon's Analysis
Authors: Chauhan Neha
Published: December 2022

Introduction The famous stucco limestone coated “Bust of Nefertiti” housed in the Neues Museum, Germany dated 1,345 BC is an icon of beauty. Sculpted around three millennia ago by Thutmose, the bust still emits a charm that leaves its audience spellbound. However, no one, to the best of author's knowledge, has analyzed this sculpture or its photographs objectively to determine if there is any scientific basis to its attractiveness.

Materials and Methods High-resolution photographs of the bust were anthropometrically analyzed in frontal and right lateral profile views using neoclassical canons and Farkas' studies.

Results The photographs of the bust exhibit many of the neoclassical canons and proportions of Farkas' studies exactly, while many of the remaining are very close to these measurements. A few measurements are out of range of what is considered acceptable these days; however, her overall appearance is pleasing.

Conclusion Despite passage of more than three millennia, the proportions and parameters defining beautiful faces have largely remained unchanged.
Etiopathological Factors Associated with Gynecomastia Patients Seeking Surgical Correction in the South Indian Population
Authors: Sreelesh L.S. , Rajan Sheeja , Anu A. K.
Published: December 2022

Background Although several medical conditions are associated with gynecomastia, around 60% of cases are idiopathic. The role of endocrine testing in idiopathic gynecomastia is controversial. This study was done to determine the etiological and lifestyle factors associated with different grades of gynecomastia.

Patients and Methods This was a descriptive study conducted at the department of plastic surgery in a tertiary care hospital in South India between January 2014 and December 2016, among the patients seeking corrective surgery for gynecomastia.

Results A total of 73 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 22.56 years. The majority of the patients displayed Simon's Grade IIa gynecomastia (56.2%). The etiological factors identified in this study were hormonal abnormalities (47.95%), hypogonadism (2.7%), and drug intake (1.4%). The most common hormonal abnormality discovered was high estradiol values (15.1%) followed by decreased testosterone levels (13.7%). The chi-squared test revealed no statistically significant relationship between the hormonal values, type of food, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity and the grades of gynecomastia.

Conclusion Most of the patients (50.68%) in our study had idiopathic gynecomastia. The most common hormonal abnormality detected was high estradiol values. No correlation was found between the hormonal values, type of food, BMI, or physical activity and the grades of gynecomastia.
Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Survey of Physicians from the Middle East and Africa
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Bashir Mohammed , Ekhzaimy Aishah , Mansour Abbas Ali , Mustafa Huda E. , Elbarbary Nancy , Ghazeeri Ghina , Abdel Rahim Hisham Mohamed , Abdelmannan Dima K.
Published: December 2022

Background Studies from several regions examined the approach to diagnosing and managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Limited data are available from the Middle East and Africa (MEA).

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the practice pattern for diagnosing and managing PCOS by relevant specialists across the MEA region.

Methods We used an online survey consisting of an established questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions grouped to capture information on (a) the characteristics of the respondents, (b) patients with PCOS seen by respondents, (c) the diagnostic criteria, (d) biochemical parameters for differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, (e) long-term concerns, and, finally (f) management choices.

Results A total of 190 questionnaires were available for final analysis; 73.7% of the respondents were senior physicians; 59.5% and 17.4% were endocrinologists and gynecologists, respectively. Menstrual irregularity was the most frequent criterion used for the diagnosis of PCOS (90.5%), followed by hirsutism (75.7%), and biochemical hyperandrogenism (71.4%). Dehydroepiandrosterone was the most frequent biochemical parameter used for the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism (52.4%) followed by total testosterone (45.4%). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the principal long-term concerns for PCOS (45.1%), followed by infertility (29.9%). Metformin was the most commonly prescribed treatment (43.8%), followed by lifestyle modification (27.0%), and oral contraceptives (18.9%). Infertility treatments include metformin alone, clomiphene citrate alone, or their combination prescribed by 23.1, 9.9, or 52.7%, respectively, whereas only 3.8% contemplated ovulation induction. Some differences and similarities were observed in previous studies, including gynecologists and endocrinologists.

Conclusions This survey provides a baseline for the perspective in diagnosing and treating PCOS in the MEA region. Some deviation is observed from mainline recommended practices. More education on PCOS diagnostic criteria and treatment of PCOS is needed in line with the recently published evidence international guideline.
Perianal Psoriasis as the First Manifestation of the Disease
Authors: Aceves Quintero Claudia Alejandra , Rosado Martínez Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2022

Introduction Inverse psoriasis affects the skin of flexural areas, such as the groin, axillae, umbilicus, intergluteal fold, and external genitalia.

Clinical Case We herein report the case of a man who presented with anal pruritus and, upon physical examination, a perianal dermatosis was found, which was characterized by erythematous plaques, with fine scaling. The case was initially managed with zinc oxide, and when no improvement was observed, we decided to take an incisional biopsy, which indicated histological changes suggestive of psoriasiform dermatitis.

Discussion Inverse psoriasis affects 3% to 7% of patients with psoriasis, and it manifests with erythematous plaques without the classic scaling appearance. The skin in these areas is susceptible to maceration, irritation, and ulceration, which alter the classic clinical picture. It may present with typical lesions or, less frequently, in isolation in the anogenital region. In the anogenital presentation only, the diagnosis should be made by biopsy, looking for the classic histopathological features of psoriasis. As for the first-line treatment, low- or medium-potency topical steroids are used for short periods of time; the second-line treatment is with emollients and tar-based products; and the third-line treatment uses an immunomodulator.

Conclusion This presentation is infrequent, and it requires a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis, always supported by biopsies, in search of the classic histopathological features of psoriasis.
Abnormalities of the Eyelashes in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Almarzooqi Layla , Schmidt Esther , Schmidt Heinrich , Dubinski Ilja
Published: December 2022

Turner's syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome disorder caused by a partial loss, complete absence or structural abnormality of one X chromosome in females. Special ocular features are often found. Some of the abnormalities are only cosmetic, such as the abnormalities of the eyelashes. The present prospective study with 12 TS and 12 control patients demonstrates the higher number of eyelashes as well as the greater vertical distance between the roots of the eyelashes in patients with TS compared with the control group. Increased awareness of this ophthalmological abnormality could be an additional diagnostic tool for early clinical suspicion of TS diagnosis.
Generalized quadratic commutator algebras of PBW-type
Authors: Marquette Ian , Yates Luke , D. Jarvis Peter
Published: December 2022

In recent years, various nonlinear algebraic structures have been obtained in the context of quantum systems as symmetry algebras, Painlevé transcendent models, and missing label problems. In this paper, we treat all these algebras as instances of the class of quadratic (and higher degree) commutator bracket algebras of Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt type. We provide a general approach for simplifying the constraints arising from the diamond lemma and apply this in particular to give a comprehensive analysis of the quadratic case. We present new examples of quadratic algebras, which admit a cubic Casimir invariant. The connection with other approaches, such as Gröbner bases, is developed, and we suggest how our explicit and computational techniques can be relevant in other contexts.
Diagnosing low-mode (ℓ < 6) and mid-mode (6 ≤ ℓ ≤ 60) asymmetries in the post-stagnation phase of laser-direct-drive deuterium–tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA
Authors: Baltazar J. , Betti R. , Churnetski K. , Gopalaswamy V. , Knauer J. P. , Patel D. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Shah R. C. , Stoeckl C. , Williams C. A. , Regan S. P.
Published: December 2022

Low- and mid-mode perturbations are possible candidates for performance limitations in cryogenic direct-drive implosions on the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory of Laser Energetics. Simulations with a 3D hydrocode demonstrated that hotspot imagers do not show evidence of the shell breakup in the dense fuel. However, these same simulations revealed that the low- and mid-mode perturbations in the dense fuel could be diagnosed more easily in the post-stagnation phase of the implosion by analyzing the peak in the x-ray emission limb at the coronal–fuel interface than before or at the stagnation phase. In experiments, the asymmetries are inferred from gated images of the x-ray emission of the implosion by using a 16-pinhole array imager filtered to record x-ray energies >800 eV and an x-ray framing camera with 40-ps time integration and 20-μm spatial resolution. A modal analysis is applied to the spatial distribution of the x-ray emission from deuterium and tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA recorded after the bang time to diagnose the low- and mid-mode asymmetries, and to study the effect that the beam-to-target ratio (Rb/Rt) has on the shell integrity.
Laser heating with doughnut-shaped beams
Authors: Jian Chenhao , Ye Ziyang , Pickel Andrea D.
Published: December 2022

Doughnut-shaped laser beams have applications in laser-based additive manufacturing, laser heating of diamond anvil cells, and optical super-resolution microscopy. In applications like additive manufacturing and heating of diamond anvil cells, a doughnut-shaped beam is frequently used to obtain a more uniform temperature profile relative to that generated by a conventional Gaussian beam. Conversely, in super-resolution microscopy, the doughnut-shaped beam serves to enhance spatial resolution and heating is an undesirable side effect that can cause thermal damage. Here, we develop analytical expressions for the temperature rise induced by a doughnut-shaped laser beam both alone and in combination with a Gaussian beam. For representative, experimentally determined beam radii and a wide range of thermal properties, we find that a doughnut-shaped beam results in a peak temperature rise no more than 90% and often less than 75% of that for a Gaussian beam with the same total power. Meanwhile, the region of the sample surface that reaches 80% of the maximum temperature rise is at least 1.5 times larger for a doughnut-shaped beam than for a Gaussian beam. When doughnut-shaped and Gaussian beams are applied simultaneously, the ratio of the maximum temperature rise for the two beams combined vs a Gaussian beam alone can be up to 2.5 times lower than the ratio of the doughnut-shaped vs the Gaussian beam power. For applications like super-resolution microscopy that require high doughnut-shaped laser beam powers, the doughnut-shaped beam intensity profile is thus advantageous for minimizing the total peak temperature rise when applied together with a Gaussian beam.
Interior-boundary conditions for the Dirac equation at point sources in three dimensions
Authors: Henheik Joscha , Tumulka Roderich
Published: December 2022

A recently proposed approach for avoiding the ultraviolet divergence of Hamiltonians with particle creation is based on interior-boundary conditions (IBCs). The approach works well in the non-relativistic case, i.e., for the Laplacian operator. Here, we study how the approach can be applied to Dirac operators. While this has successfully been done already in one space dimension, and more generally for codimension-1 boundaries, the situation of point sources in three dimensions corresponds to a codimension-3 boundary. One would expect that, for such a boundary, Dirac operators do not allow for boundary conditions because they are known not to allow for point interactions in 3D, which also correspond to a boundary condition. Indeed, we confirm this expectation here by proving that there is no self-adjoint operator on a (truncated) Fock space that would correspond to a Dirac operator with an IBC at configurations with a particle at the origin. However, we also present a positive result showing that there are self-adjoint operators with an IBC (on the boundary consisting of configurations with a particle at the origin) that are away from those configurations, given by a Dirac operator plus a sufficiently strong Coulomb potential.
Electrical passivation of stacking-fault crystalline defects in MOS capacitors on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) by post-deposition annealing
Authors: Fiorenza P. , Maiolo L. , Fortunato G. , Zielinski M. , La Via F. , Giannazzo F. , Roccaforte F.
Published: December 2022

The interfacial electrical properties of deposited oxide (SiO2) onto cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) were investigated after different post-oxide deposition annealing (PDA) by means of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and nanoscale capacitance mapping. The deposited oxides subjected to PDA at 450 °C in either nitrogen or forming gas showed a reduction of the interface and oxide traps, as well as an improved oxide field strength compared to the thermally grown insulating layer. Spatially resolved nanoscale capacitance mapping performed onto the oxide surface revealed that the density of the electrically active stacking faults (SFs) in 3C-SiC is diminished by appropriate PDA. The results pave the way to obtain an ideal SiO2/3C-SiC system suitable for power device applications.
Influence of the electron field emission on the magnetized direct current high-pressure discharge
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Raja Laxminarayan L.
Published: December 2022

The influence of electron field emission on the sub-normal mode of a magnetized direct current high-pressure helium discharge is analyzed using the two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid model. It is observed that in spite of accounting for a more intense electron emission mechanism, discharge still operates in the sub-normal mode. However, the field emission driven discharge is characterized by a smaller discharge voltage and a larger discharge current. For large values of the electric field enhancement factor, the discharge voltage can be as low as ∼40 V, and the discharge current is a few amperes. It is also seen that for large values of the field enhancement factor and small values of the ballast resistor, rather dense plasma (density ∼ 1017 m−3) can be generated on the nanosecond time scale.
A single-atom mechano-optical transducer for sensing sub-attonewton vector DC force
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Pengfei , Rao Xinxin , Wu Hao , Wang Kunxu , Lao Qifeng , Bian Ji , Zhu Feng , Luo Le
Published: December 2022

Mechano-optical transducers are devices that convert a force or displacement signal to an optical one, enabling ultrasensitive mechanical detection. Currently, ultraweak DC force sensors with high spatial resolution are in high demand for the search of possible exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model in sub-millimeter scale. Here, we demonstrate a mechano-optical transducer of a single trapped ion with the force sensitivity about 600 zN/Hz for the DC force. This method utilizes the Doppler shift of the time-resolved fluorescence to detect the ion's micromotion that is coupled to a vector force. By alternating the directions of the detection laser beams, the vector DC forces can be precisely measured. Such a mechano-optical transducer provides sub-attonewton sensitivity with the spatial resolution in single-atom level, enabling various uses for both scientific and industrial purposes.
Criteria for electronic growth of Au on layered semiconductors
Authors: Kidd Timothy E. , Kruckenberg Preston , Gorgen Colin , Lukashev Pavel V. , Stollenwerk Andrew J.
Published: December 2022

An electronic growth mode has been reported to occur in several noble metals on MoS2 but has not been observed on other layered semiconductors. In this work, the experiments show that Au(111) islands initially follow an electronic growth mode on WS2, matching the quantization seen in Au/MoS2. However, while epitaxial nanostructures with similar features are observed on WSe2, there is no sign of electronic growth. Binding energy calculations show that multiple bonding sites have nearly the same energy on both WS2 and MoS2, while Au strongly prefers a single bonding site on WSe2. Having multiple sites with the same energy gives flexibility in interfacial bonding that can alleviate strain from the 9+% lattice mismatch in these systems, which would, otherwise, easily suppress quantum size effects from electronic growth modes. These results should be useful in predicting which systems undergo quantized electronic growth on layered semiconductors.
Optical pumping effects on high-contrast Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Su Hsuan-Jui , Liou Jia-You , Lin I-Chun , Chen Yi-Hsin
Published: December 2022

We discuss the interplay between high-contrast Rydberg-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and optical pumping (OP) in a thermal 87Rb medium. By pumping the population to one single hyperfine state, we can enhance the interaction strength and, in principle, amplify the EIT peak. According to the measurements, the EIT peak height can be improved by a factor of two or reduced by one order of magnitude, and linewidth was slightly narrowed by the pumping effect. The EIT feature is predicted quantitatively using a Doppler-free non-perturbation numerical calculation. In both simulations and measurements, Rydberg-EIT enhancement through OP is dependent on the intensity of the probe field and the optical density. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanisms of optical pumping, making relevant studies useful in developing Rydberg-based electrometry.
Homogenization of diffusion in multicomponent liquids
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Zhang Qi , Li Qikai , Wu Yuan , Ji Chuanyi , Li Mo
Published: December 2022

Diffusion is a key kinetic factor determining chemical mixing and phase formation in liquids. In multicomponent systems, the presence of different elements makes it experimentally challenging to measure diffusivities and understand their mechanisms. Using a molecular dynamics simulation, we obtain the diffusion constants and the atomic process of a model Cantor alloy liquid made of five equimolar components. We show that the diffusivities conform remarkably well to the Arrhenius law in a wide range of temperature covering both the equilibrium and undercooled liquid regions. The activation energies for all the alloy elements with different bonding energies and atomic sizes are close to each other. The results suggest that the diffusivity in the multicomponent liquid tends to be homogenized by the components with marginal differences. This finding allows us to treat the different elements as a single type of atom, the pseudo-atom, for diffusional and maybe structural and physical properties in multicomponent liquids.
Interplay between geostrophic vortices and inertial waves in precession-driven turbulence
Authors: Pizzi F. , Mamatsashvili G. , Barker A. J. , Giesecke A. , Stefani F.
Published: December 2022

The properties of rotating turbulence driven by precession are studied using direct numerical simulations and analysis of the underlying dynamical processes in Fourier space. The study is carried out in the local rotating coordinate frame, where precession gives rise to a background shear flow, which becomes linearly unstable and breaks down into turbulence. We observe that this precession-driven turbulence is in general characterized by coexisting two-dimensional (2D) columnar vortices and three-dimensional (3D) inertial waves, whose relative energies depend on the precession parameter Po. The vortices resemble the typical condensates of geostrophic turbulence, are aligned along the rotation axis (with zero wavenumber in this direction, kz = 0), and are fed by the 3D waves through nonlinear transfer of energy, while the waves (with kz≠0) in turn are directly fed by the precessional instability of the background flow. The vortices themselves undergo inverse cascade of energy and exhibit anisotropy in Fourier space. For small Po < 0.1 and sufficiently high Reynolds numbers, the typical regime for most geo- and astrophysical applications, the flow exhibits strongly oscillatory (bursty) evolution due to the alternation of vortices and small-scale waves. On the other hand, at larger Po > 0.1 turbulence is quasi-steady with only mild fluctuations, the coexisting columnar vortices and waves in this state give rise to a split (simultaneous inverse and forward) cascade. Increasing the precession magnitude causes a reinforcement of waves relative to vortices with the energy spectra approaching the Kolmogorov scaling, and therefore, the precession mechanism counteracts the effects of the rotation.
How hydrofoil leading-edge biomimetic structure affects unsteady cavitating flow: A numerical study
Authors: Li Xuemei , Duan Jinxiong , Sun Tiezhi
Published: December 2022

Cavitation is an unsteady complex turbulent flow phenomenon that increases the resistance of propellers and hydrofoils, reduces hydrodynamic efficiency, and erodes surfaces. Research into cavitation flow control can thus provide a vital theoretical basis to improve the safety, stability, and efficiency of underwater devices. The present work uses the numerical simulation method to study the evolution of unsteady flow fields in cavitation. The volume of fluid multiphase-flow method is used to capture the interface between different phases, the Schnerr–Sauer model is used to describe the cavitation process, and a large eddy simulation is used to calculate the turbulence process. In addition, the adaptive mesh refinement criterion is used to capture the interface between different phases and automatically encrypt the mesh to ensure a sufficiently accurate numerical calculation. Based on the excellent hydrodynamic characteristics of humpback whale flippers, we design biomimetically a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 63A 018 airfoil cross section by adding a bump on the leading edge of the hydrofoil. We then study how the bump affects the spatiotemporal evolution of the cavitation flow field, surface pressure pulsation, vorticity field evolution, lifting resistance, dynamic modes, turbulence characteristics, and pseudo-structure. The results show that the leading-edge bump significantly affects the cavitation flow field of the hydrofoil.
Selecting methods of agricultural extension to support diverse adoption pathways: a review and case studies
Authors: Nettle Ruth , Major Jason , Turner Lydia , Harris Johanna
Published: December 2022

This paper presents results from a review of methods of agricultural extension, including the evidence for the effectiveness of methods in supporting farm practice change, how they affect the change process, and the critical success factors involved. Agricultural scientists face challenges in aligning their research outputs to the change process on farm. These challenges are exacerbated by the funding environment for research, development, and extension (RD&E), the complexity of the adoption process and the privatisation and commercialisation of advisory and extension services. To assist scientists in navigating these challenges, a structured literature review of extension methods was conducted, examining the following: group-learning/peer-to-peer; technology development; training; information provision; one-on-one advice/coaching; e-extension; co-innovation; best management practice; and social marketing. In addition, two case studies outlining the application of combinations of extension methods in the context of feeding system challenges in the Australian dairy industry, and their effects, are described. While the evidence across the studies reviewed was strongest for the effect on adoption of small group-learning and one to one consulting, it was combinations of methods that resulted in larger effects (for example, in practice change or profitability), which was credited to how they addressed the human and social dimensions of the adoption process. Case studies of adoption in the dairy sector found that scientists influenced adoption by collaborating with the private sector, being directly involved with on-farm trials and demonstrations, and supporting group-learning approaches to help the adoption of past research. This role for scientists in adoption was enabled by investment in programs of RD&E rather than discreet research experiments, and research designs and methods that incorporated the social dimensions of adoption. This synthesis demonstrates the need for scientists to be proactive in providing guidance for farmers on where to access and source information related to their work, engage with a broad range of advisor types associated with their research field, champion in-field trials and/or demonstrations and be active participants in collaborative approaches to RD&E.
Thermomechanical behaviour modelling and microstructure evolution of high Cr–Co–Mo aerospace bearing steel
Authors: Tang Mingliang , Zhang Junxuan , Yue Jingsong , Guo Han , Zheng Biju , Li Jun , Zhou Liexing , Li Shaohong
Published: December 2022

The microstructure evolution and hot-compressive behaviour of high Cr–Co–Mo bearing steel under different deformation conditions were investigated by dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) kinetics analysis and simulation. The results showed that the thermal deformation parameters and carbide dissolution have a great influence on the rheological properties and microstructure. The flow stress decreases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate. The grain boundary pinning effect is weakened by the dissolution of carbides into the matrix, resulting in the rapid growth of DRX grains. The processing map of high Cr–Co–Mo bearing steel was divided into five regions, and the most suitable processing parameters can be defined as the temperature range of 1000–1070°C and strain rate range of 0.01–0.003 s−1.
Dendrite remodeling according to GARP
Authors: Shin Grace Ji-eun , Grueber Wesley B.
Published: December 2022

Disruptions in membrane trafficking are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but underlying pathological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this issue, O’Brien et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202112108) show how GARP regulates sterol transfer critical for remodeling of dendrites in flies.
Ag@ZIF-67 nanocomposites for ultra-sensitive SERS detection to thiram molecules
Authors: Yuan Yangtao , Gao Lei , Luo Yuanyuan , Mi Jiajia , Cao Zhenyu , Wang Man , Shi Jianping , Duan Guotao
Published: December 2022

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique has become a powerful tool for detecting trace targets in the field of food-safety. However, it is a challenge to regulate the hot spots of the detection substrate and its interaction with target molecules for the enhancement of SERS activity. Herein, we reported the high performance SERS substrate based on Ag@ZIF-67 nanocomposite with sugar-coated haws like structure. It was found that the coverage of ZIF-67 particles on the surface of Ag nanowires can adjust the SERS ability of detection substrate. Compared with pure Ag nanowires, functionalized Ag nanowires exhibit outstanding SERS activity with good stability and uniformity. The detection limit of crystal violet and thiram can be as low as 10−10 M and 10−8 M, respectively. After 35 d, the SERS activity remains basically unchanged. Furthermore, it also has excellent SERS response to 5

×

10−5 M thiram residues on the surface of vegetables. Such high SERS activity can be attributed to the enrichment and screening molecular effect of porous ZIF-67 nanoparticles, and the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanowires. This work provides a simple strategy for the on-site detection of pesticide residues in the actual applications.
On the photovoltaic effect asymmetry in ferroelectrics
Authors: Semak S , Kapustianyk V , Eliyashevskyy Yu , Bovgyra O , Kovalenko M , Mostovoi U , Doudin B , Kundys B
Published: December 2022

Despite symmetrical polarization, the magnitude of a light-induced voltage is known to be asymmetric with respect to poling sign in many photovoltaic (PV) ferroelectrics (FEs). This asymmetry remains unclear and is often attributed to extrinsic effects. We show here for the first time that such an asymmetry can be intrinsic, steaming from the superposition of asymmetries of internal FE bias and electro-piezo-strictive deformation. This hypothesis is confirmed by the observed decrease of PV asymmetry for smaller FE bias. Moreover, the both PV effect and remanent polarization are found to increase under vacuum-induced expansion and to decrease for gas-induced compression, with tens percents tunability. The change in cations positions under pressure is analysed through the first-principle density functional theory calculations. The reported properties provide key insight for FE-based solar elements optimization.
A non-axisymmetric temperature field reconstruction method based on the interferometric fringe schlieren method
Authors: Wu Jun , Pan Zhixiang , Zhang Chenping , Song Fengcheng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Guo Runxia
Published: December 2022

The typical non-axisymmetric temperature field distribution in the tail nozzle outlet area of the combustion chamber of an aircraft engine can reflect the operating state of the engine. As an effective non-contact method for measuring a non-axisymmetric temperature field, the traditional background-oriented schlieren (BOS) method has the problem that the extraction accuracy of light deflection is not high. In this paper, interference fringes are introduced into the schlieren measurement, and the highly sensitive fringe offset replaces the traditional background speckle offset for measurement, which realizes accurate reconstruction of the non-axisymmetric temperature field. Firstly, through the interferometric fringe schlieren (IFS) method comprising multiple sets of double-slit interferometric systems and imaging sensors, the offset of the interference fringe after passing through the non-axisymmetric temperature field is measured by image processing. The spatial refractive index field is then reconstructed by the filtered back-projection algorithm under the sector model proposed in this paper and the spatial temperature field is obtained. The experimental results show that the temperature field reconstruction error is smaller for the IFS method than the BOS method, the measurement area is accurate from 0.5 mm for the BOS method to 0.2 mm for the IFS method and the temperature error range is reduced from 50 K for the BOS method to 25 K for the IFS method.
FDO-Calibr: visual-aided IMU calibration based on frequency-domain optimization
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Li Zhitian , Xiao Linhui , Zheng Shuaikang , Cai Pengcheng , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Pengcheng , Zou Xudong
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, multi-sensor fusion technology is a fundamental prerequisite to achieve highly autonomous robots and robustness. Many studies have been conducted, such as visual–inertial odometry (VIO), integrated navigation, and LiDAR–inertial odometry. Typically, for VIO, gratifying results have been achieved, ascribing to the complementary sensing capabilities of inertial measurement units (IMUs) and cameras. However, this work mainly focuses on the fusion of visual and inertial data, while the IMU error is less considered, especially for low-cost or poorly calibrated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) IMU. Such errors may have a significant effect on the VIO performance. In this study, we compensated for the IMU using camera assistance. The key characteristic of the method is that we optimize the compensation parameters (scale factor) from coarse to fine by combining the time domain with the frequency domain. The proposed method is to use the time-domain and frequency-domain optimization to suppress large noise in the dynamic calibration process of the extremely low-cost sensor platform. The effectiveness of this method is validated through experiments and simulations. The minimal calibration error (0.46%) is commensurate with the advanced work. By feeding the compensated IMU into the VIO algorithm, the localization accuracy is improved by 9% to 15%. This method improves the performance in the VIO algorithm, which is equipped with the low-cost or poorly calibrated MEMS IMU and reduces the hardware and deployment costs of the system.
Passive resonant laser gyroscope with improvement of the suppression of residual amplitude modulation effects through correlation analysis
Authors: Feng Xiaohua , Liu Kui , Chen Yuxuan , Zhang Haobo , Li Zongyang , Zhang Fenglei , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2022

Passive resonant gyroscopes (PRGs) utilizing the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method are expected to have a lower shot-noise limit in rotational rate measurement. However, there are also many technical obstacles in the way to touch the intrinsic noise floor. In this article, we find that the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) effect in the phase locking process deteriorates the accuracy and stability of the output signal of PRGs, and becomes a dominant limiting factor, especially in the low-frequency range. Since the suppression is not good enough in the PRGs due to the strict requirements, we propose to use the Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate the correlation between the RAM signal and the PDH signal to achieve a sufficient correlation before active servo control. With the implementation of this improvement, the RAM-induced fractional frequency stability for the 12 m optical ring cavity is reduced down to

1.2
×

10

−
18

. The contribution of the RAM effect to the rotational sensitivity of our 3 m × 3 m PRG is lowered to 8.0 × 10−9 rad s−1

Hz

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1

at 1 mHz, which is one order of magnitude better than the unconstrained situation. With this upgrade, a rotational resolution of

5.2
×

10

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10

rad s−1 of the PRG is achieved, which is the best performance among all PRGs so far.
N-doped carbon dots as the multifunctional fluorescent probe for mercury ion, glutathione and pH detection
Authors: Chen Shenna , Hao Yunping , Li Ronghui , Liu Yanxu , Li Jinxia , Geng Lina
Published: December 2022

Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have exhibited promising applications in the fluorescence detection of various ions and biomolecules. In this work, one kind of nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) with high fluorescence intensity was synthesized, characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, UV–vis absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The results show that the spherical and uniform N-CDs (quantum yield: 60.2%) have remarkable fluorescence properties and photostability, which makes N-CDs can be utilized as an ‘on-off-on’ sensor for Hg2+ and glutathione (GSH). In addition, the pH-sensitive behavior of N-CDs makes it also applicable to H+ detection under acid conditions (pKa = 3.53). The linear range of the ‘turn-off’ sensor detecting Hg2+ was 0.014–50 μM, with a 0.014 μM limit of detection (LOD). GSH was detected by the fluorescence ‘turn-on’ method with a linear range of 0.125–60 μM and a LOD of 0.125 μM. The outstanding performance of N-CDs makes it potential applications in ecological pollution and biomolecule visualization monitoring.
Could the digital literacy of preservice physics teachers be improved by Learning Management System Supported Smartphone (LMS3) application in a physics online lecture?
Authors: Rizal Rahmat
Published: December 2022

Digital literacy is a vital competency needed by physics teachers, so it should be trained through lectures using technology, one of which is LMS3. The study aims to describe the LMS3 implementation in school physics lectures to train digital literacy and elucidate an enhancement of prospective physics teachers’ digital literacy in school physics lectures using LMS3. One-group pre-test–post-test design was conducted on 38 prospective physics teachers who enrolled in school physics lectures. The instruments consisted of digital literacy tests, lecture implementation forms, and interview guides. Besides, LMS3 is an application designed independently using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) development model. The learning process using LMS3 occurred synchronously after the lecturer activated the learning process menu and adopted problem-based learning syntax. In general, the enhancement of digital literacy of prospective physics teachers after attending school physics lectures using LMS3 was the high category (N-gain = 0.72). In conclusion, school physics lectures using LMS3 had a significant impact on enhancing digital literacy. This study suggests developing lectures using various technologies that support the improvement of teacher competence in facing challenges in education.
Bonding performance monitoring between CFRP and timber column interfaces based on piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Yang Wenwei , Lv Bowen , Meng Huien , Yang Xia
Published: December 2022

To address the problem that carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite material is not easy to directly measure the bond strength of the CFRP-timber column interface during the process of strengthening timber column, a real-time monitoring method of CFRP-timber interface bond strength based on piezoelectric ceramic active sensing is proposed to determine the interface bond strength directly from the structural response signal. A total of 15 specimens were designed for the active monitoring test and tensile test, and the monitoring signals at different enhancement times were compared and analysed using wavelet packets, power spectral density, and short-time Fourier transform, and it was found that the amplitude and power spectral density of the signals increased as the reinforcement time increased. The mapping relationship between wavelet packet energy and bond strength is obtained, providing a more efficient and robust way of monitoring the bond strength between CFRP and timber columns during reinforcement.
Untwining multiple parameters at the exclusive zero-coincidence points with quantum control
Authors: Yang Yu , Belliardo Federico , Giovannetti Vittorio , Li Fuli
Published: December 2022

In this paper we address a special case of ‘sloppy’ quantum estimation procedures which happens in the presence of intertwined parameters. A collection of parameters are said to be intertwined when their imprinting on the quantum probe that mediates the estimation procedure, is performed by a set of linearly dependent generators. Under this circumstance the individual values of the parameters can not be recovered unless one tampers with the encoding process itself. An example is presented by studying the estimation of the relative time-delays that accumulate along two parallel optical transmission lines. In this case we show that the parameters can be effectively untwined by inserting a sequence of balanced beam splitters (and eventually adding an extra phase shift on one of the lines) that couples the two lines at regular intervals in a setup that remind us a generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. For the case of two time delays we prove that, when the employed probe is the frequency-correlated biphoton state, the untwining occurs in correspondence of exclusive zero-coincidence (EZC) point. Furthermore we show the statistical independence of two time delays and the optimality of the quantum Fisher information at the EZC point. Finally we prove the compatibility of this scheme by checking the weak commutativity condition associated with the symmetric logarithmic derivative operators.
DAGAM: a domain adversarial graph attention model for subject-independent EEG-based emotion recognition
Authors: Xu Tao , Dang Wang , Wang Jiabao , Zhou Yun
Published: December 2022

Objective. Due to individual differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the learning model built by the subject-dependent technique from one person’s data would be inaccurate when applied to another person for emotion recognition. Thus, the subject-dependent approach for emotion recognition may result in poor generalization performance when compared to the subject-independent approach. However, existing studies have attempted but have not fully utilized EEG’s topology, nor have they solved the problem caused by the difference in data distribution between the source and target domains. Approach. To eliminate individual differences in EEG signals, this paper proposes the domain adversarial graph attention model, a novel EEG-based emotion recognition model. The basic idea is to generate a graph using biological topology to model multichannel EEG signals. Graph theory can topologically describe and analyze EEG channel relationships and mutual dependencies. Then, unlike other graph convolutional networks, self-attention pooling is used to benefit from the extraction of salient EEG features from the graph, effectively improving performance. Finally, following graph pooling, the domain adversarial model based on the graph is used to identify and handle EEG variation across subjects, achieving good generalizability efficiently. Main Results. We conduct extensive evaluations on two benchmark data sets (SEED and SEED IV) and obtain cutting-edge results in subject-independent emotion recognition. Our model boosts the SEED accuracy to 92.59% (4.06% improvement) with the lowest standard deviation (STD) of 3.21% (2.46% decrements) and SEED IV accuracy to 80.74% (6.90% improvement) with the lowest STD of 4.14% (3.88% decrements), respectively. The computational complexity is drastically reduced in comparison to similar efforts (33 times lower). Significance. We have developed a model that significantly reduces the computation time while maintaining accuracy, making EEG-based emotion decoding more practical and generalizable.
State of the art of evapotranspiration models for plant cultivation in open fields, greenhouse systems and plant factories
Authors: Arcasi A , Mastrullo R , Mauro A W , Pantaleo A M
Published: December 2022

The scarcity of water, the need to reduce of pesticides, the demand for on-site production of vegetables are moving the interest from greenhouse cultivation to indoor farming. Compared to greenhouses, indoor farms allow to reduce considerably the water consumption, requiring more energy, which could be provided by renewable sources. In order to assess the convenience of such a system, accurate preliminary calculations are needed for productivity, energy requirements and costs as a function of the type of cultivation and the operating conditions. While some knowledge (e.g. production rate or cooling system performance) are available from open literature, some specific predictive methods are required. Based on the few works available in literature about indoor farming, evapotranspiration rate resulted as a critical term. An assessment of different methods based on literature data with a critical analysis of their effectiveness based on several aspects (level of fidelity of the model, complexity in the calibration and use, potential strengths and weaknesses) is proposed in this work.
Social impact assessment of wind power generation. An innovative method for decision making processes
Authors: Fois V , Lecis L , Cocco D
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the social impact for population in the energy sector combining LCA and SIA (social impact assessment). As case study, a new 66 MW wind power plant under development in the countryside of Southern Sardinia has been considered. The innovative method, based on the analysis of the context, aims to empirically analyze some selected sustainability indicators. The proposed method starts from a detailed analysis of the wind power project, with particular reference to the plant site characteristics, technical features of the wind farm, opinions of the stakeholders, environmental and social impacts and expected economic benefits. The acquired data are validated with a Severity statistical method that identifies the KPIs. The indicators are classified into general categories of damage Human life, Safety guarantee, Social resources, Public participation and analyzed through a combined SIA-LCA method to identify indicators damage weights.

This work shows the importance of putting together indicators already explored in the environmental field such as Human health, Ecosystem quality, Resource, Climate Change and as social indicators Renewable Energy with Noise, Visual Impact, Shadow Flichers, the perceptions of the local community.