bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Surrogacy
Authors: B Bara
Published: June 2023

With the latest advances of technology and in a fast-changing world how prepared are we to accept the new changes? How are we supposed to know right from wrong or separate one from the other? Does what we consider right always remains as such or in such a fast-developing society morals, values and principles do also change? We live in a world of ‘living’ rights and living Constitutions, where human rights are interpreted in today’s settings. However, while some principles seem easy to discuss in general terms, it is just as difficult to elaborate them in concrete terms, particularly when the subject of discussion is a personal matter. Hence, people seem divided between what one would, could, or should do when the matter concerns their own rights. A particular issue that has generated many discussions in recent years is the one related to surrogacy, the ethical and legal dilemmas surrounding the subject, as well as the challenges facing surrogate and biological mothers, children born via surrogacy or families of surrogate children. The practice of surrogacy also raises human rights concerns in particular with regard to personal identity, dignity, family or legal status, as well as civil rights and obligations. Such concerns must be carefully examined paying particular importance on the rights of the children, also bearing in mind society’s everchanging values. This article discusses such issues, with a special focus on the case law of the United States of America and the European Court of Human Rights.
Ethical Approaches to Public Policy for Health: A Focus on Principles and Working Together
Authors: DP Hoffman
Published: June 2023

News about the healthcare crisis, including strikes in multiple countries, workforce shortages, ambulance diversion and delays on entry to emergency rooms, closing floors while demand for beds increases, long waits for appointments in primary and specialty care, and shortages of supplies and medications all lead to proposed solutions for each issue. The point must be noted that these also point to some basic questions. This Commentary calls for a “back to basics” approach that requires dialogue (not just talking but listening) and a focus on some of our primary principles.
Development of 12 Autosomal STR Markers Allowing Cimicidae Identification
Authors: Agate Uribe
Published: June 2023

Bedbugs are a very recurrent pest all over the world which is often difficult to eradicate. This is the case for Cimex lectularius, a species whose bites can be manifested in a wide variety of ways. Thus, it seems necessary to develop a mechanism that confirms the presence of this insect in order to eliminate the pest as soon as possible. For this reason, the Basque Institute of Forensic Sciences in Sanfran (BIFSS) has been working on this research field and has developed 12 new autosomal STR markers that allow the identification of the Cimicidae family of insects
Effect on MAPK Signal Path of Lead, Nickel, Mercury, Cadmium and Chromium in Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Yalcin Serap
Published: June 2023

The harms of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead on human health have been identified in the literature. However, genetic mechanisms that show the relationship between heavy metals and cancer have not been identified up to now. In the proposed project, the effects of lead, nickel, mercury, cadmium, and chrome on the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways in breast cancer cell lines will be quantified by the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction method, comparatively. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, found in eukaryotic organisms, plays a significant role in information transfer from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Genes in this signal transfer regulate embryogenesis, reproduction, diversification, survival, and apoptosis functions. Most of these genes are well-known oncogenes and each of these is an important subject in cancer treatment. The changes of gene expression levels in this transduction pathway can be the reason of breast and some other cancer types. According to the findings, when the heavy metal-treated cells were compared with the heavy metal-untreated cells, significant changes were observed in the level of expression of 47 genes in the signal pathway. It has been determined that heavy metals cause changes in the expression level of genes in the signaling pathway according to the obtained data.
Competency of Neonatal Unit Nurses Regarding Newborn Care in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Urenna IKE Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains an issue globally. There are approximately 6700 newborn deaths every day. Regrettably, most deaths are due to conditions which can be prevented by appropriate newborn care. Nurses play an important role in the care of neonates and prevention of neonatal death. This study aim to determine the competency of nurses as regards care of neonates in selected teaching hospitals in southwestern, Nigeria. Methods: Analytic cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire and observation checklist. A total numeration of 163 nurses working in the neonatal unit participated. Data collected was analyzed using percentages, frequencies and chi-square test. Results were presented in tables and charts. Result: The mean age of respondents was 41.68 ± 9.539 years and 4 years median age years of experience. Almost all the respondents (85.9%) were married and more than half (56.4%) had BNSc degree. Approximately half (50.9%) of the nurses have unsatisfactory knowledge and attitude regarding care of neonates in neonatal unit. While in contrast, more than half (52.1%) of the nurses have satisfactory practice regarding care of neonates. Overall, less than half (45.5%) of the respondents were competent in taking care of neonates in the neonatal unit. Conclusion: Survival of neonates require nurses who are knowledgeable and competent to give quality care to neonates. The study found overall that most of the nurses were not competent in taking care of neonates. Nurses established that continuing education will facilitate their competence in the care of neonates. A regular continuing education interventions should be organized for nurses working in the neonatal unit to improve their competency in the care of newborns.
Modelado matemático de un colector solar fotovoltaico-térmico híbrido para evaluación del desempeño térmico en Cd. Juárez Chihuahua
Authors: Rodriguez Mejia Jeovany Rafael , Woocay Prieto Arturo , López Martínez Alfonso , Martínez Contreras Ulises , Valles Chávez Adán
Published: June 2023

En la actualidad, el estudio de modelos de simulación de sistemas híbridos de energía ha ido en aumento debido a que, entre las fuentes de energía renovables, el sol es considerado uno de los de mayor potencial. Esta situación hace que sea más prometedor para nosotros estudiar la modelización de sistemas basados ​​en energía solar y sus aplicaciones de referencia. Utilizando modelos de simulación en aplicaciones de energía solar, es posible diseñar sistemas híbridos más complejos y eficientes evaluando su comportamiento en función de la energía entrante. Este documento muestra la modelización matemática de un sistema fotovoltaico térmico híbrido donde se evalúa el comportamiento energético del sistema, con la finalidad de incrementar la eficiencia de la célula fotovoltaica mediante el uso de un sistema de captación de calor residual. El modelo de simulación integra un modelo de célula fotovoltaica simple acoplado a un modelo de colector solar simple donde se ingresan los parámetros iniciales del sistema híbrido y sus diversas variables de control. Así, es posible estimar la generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a través de una simulación basada en el tiempo. Finalmente, para evaluar la sensibilidad del modelo, se consideran varios escenarios modificando el caudal y la temperatura del fluido en la entrada para comparar el comportamiento energético del sistema híbrido.
Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Mandibular Condyle Mimicking Parotid Tumor: A Case Report and 22-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Dhaif Ghassan , Dhaif Mohamed , Sethi Amit
Published: June 2023

Background: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign non-odontogenic cyst that occurs most commonly in the posterior mandible. Occurrence in the mandibular condyle is rare. We present a case that was initially misdiagnosed as a parotid gland tumor and later was found to be an ABC.
Case Presentation: A 19-year-old man presents with a painless firm swelling on the right preauricular region. Panoramic imaging revealed a radiolucent lesion in the right condyle and ascending ramus of the mandible with complete erosion of the bony surface losing the condyle configuration. The lesion was excised, and the mandible was curetted. A split-thickness left clavicular joint graft was harvested for reconstruction of the right condyle of the mandible. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient was followed for 22 years without any evidence of recurrence.
Conclusions: Tumors of the jaws and cystic lesions may mimic benign salivary gland pathology. Appropriate clinical and radiographic examination should be utilized to exclude this from the differential diagnosis. Complete surgical excision of the lesion and reconstruction of the condyle may be utilized to provide patients with good results.
Implementasi Potensi Kewirausahaan pada Masyarakat Dusun Sendang II, Kabupaten Gunungkidul.
Authors: Budiyono Elizabeth Fiesta Clara Shinta
Published: June 2023

Abstrak— Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta angkatan 82 kelompok 16 bertempat di Dusun Sendang 2, Sawahan, Gunung Kidul, DIY. Sesuai namanya, dusun ini mempunyai area persawahan yang sangat luas dan subur, sehingga potensi pertanian yang dimiliki sangat baik. Hasil pertanian yang dimiliki adalah padi dan jagung. Selain sumber daya alam, Dusun Sendang 2 juga memiliki Sumber Daya Manusia yang sangat banyak seperti perkumpulan Ibu-ibu yang membuat obat tradisional melalui rempah, dan Bapak-bapak yang aktif bertani dengan produk unggulannya yaitu jagung hibrida. Kelompok melakukan beberapa program kerja untuk memaksimalkan potensi SDM yang dimiliki Dusun Sendang 2. Program yang dilakukan antara lain Edukasi dan Pembuatan Batik Jumputan, Pengembangan Jagung Hibrida Sendang 2, dan Pengembangan Produk Sumber Waras. Program kerja ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil observasi yang ditemukan kelompok, dan dianalisis untuk semakin menyokong potensi dusun.

Kata Kunci— Sendang 2, Potensi Dusun, Pengembangan Potensi Program Kerja
Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and Its Challenges
Authors: Ndari Wulan , Suyatno  , Sukirman  , Mahmudah Fitri Nur
Published: June 2023

Based on the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) Number 56 of 2022 concerning Guidelines for Curriculum Implementation in the context of Curriculum Learning Recovery During the Covid-19 Pandemic which requires schools to gradually use the Merdeka curriculum. The Merdeka Curriculum is a curriculum that provides flexibility to schools and teachers in exploring according to the needs of the school, especially the needs of students. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum and its challenges in SD Muhammadiyah Warungboto schools in Yogyakarta. This research uses a qualitative approach to the case study method. The subjects of this study were the principal, curriculum coordination team, teachers, students at SD Muhammadiyah Warungboto Yogyakarta city. Data collection techniques use interviews, and observation. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Application of the Independent Curriculum in the Changing Curriculum status. (2) The learning model used by teachers is still by lecturing and learning is not all student-centered. (2) There are still many teachers who are not ready regarding the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum. (3) Students based on interests and talents are still just following the choice of friends even because of pressure. (4) Lack of enthusiasm of teachers who are not ready for curriculum changes, especially changing learning tools. (5) Schools develop various strategies to be used regarding the  implementation of the  Independent Curriculum
Female Managers' Perceptions of Their Role in Greek Secondary Education
Authors: Stavroula Bizimi
Published: June 2023

This study set sights on the perceptions that female principals hold, about their administrative role in Greek secondary education. The administration of education has been analysed from a male perspective and has been enriched with elements that come from the experience of men. As Acker (1995) points out, there has not been much discussion about issues that concern the gender - role of managers, and, in particular, the experience of women in managerial positions of schools, in terms of power relations at school, the requirements of their role, the prospects for their career development and, above all, the obstacles they confront (compliance or resistance to standards), their professional values, their view on the formulation of management theories. There is a gap, of female subjectivity in this role. Moreover, there is an implicit assumption, that male experience is the norm in school administration. Greek scientific research, while it has dealt with issues of administration and education, it has not dealt with thoroughly at theoretical and research base with women as subjects and their place in administration of schools and particularly of secondary schools. Taking under consideration that the perception of the administrative role by the directors of schools, holds a significant meaning in the configuration of their administrative behaviour and noting that issues related to gender relationship have not been much discussed, the aim of this study is to assess and evaluate those factors and conditions that are involved in the female, administrative, school reality of high school. The survey is divided into two parts. The first part is presented through the review of literature, the dominant theories about school management, feminist approaches to administration in education, managerial behavior of women, with an emphasis on quantitative data of their participation, in the case of the 3rd district of Athens, during the period 2016-2017. The second part includes the presentation of the research, with reference to the methodology followed, until the production of the final text. The survey was based on the qualitative method, using personal interviews with women who were already directors. The survey proved that the women in question, perceived their role as either administrative either as coordinating or supporting, towards pupils and teachers at the school unit. Moreover, they use a more democratic, participatory, administrative style, interpersonally oriented, contributing to educational administration with “feminine values and practices”.
Awareness Levels of High School Students about Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi
Authors: Akgül Mehmet , Balkan Asuman , Kaya Helin Demir
Published: June 2023

Today, translations of works in the field of western psychology are being tried to be applied to today's society. However, the differences between the cultural accumulations of the societies may experience negativity in the success of the western-based approaches. The written works of Anatolian culture can guide not only our religion but also our individual and social life. Anatolia, Turkish-Islamic culture has matured with the works and ideas of important people. One of the most important of these is Mevlana Celalettin Rumi. In this study, we gathered information with the scale we created in order to obtain information about how well secondary school students were aware of Mevlana's life. In this study, the quantitative survey method regarding the opinions of secondary school students about Mevlana was applied. Frequency analysis, T-Test and Anova statistical methods were applied to the obtained data and the results were presented.
Forensic Investigation in SQL Server Database Using Temporal Tables & Extended Events Artifacts
Authors: Zakarneh Shadi Khaled A.
Published: June 2023

Different Database management systems (DBMS) were developed and introduced to store and manipulate data. Microsoft SQL (MSSQL) Server one of the most popular relational DBMS used for large databases. With the increasing use of databases, intentional and unintentional accidents on databases are increasing dramatically. Therefore, there is a great need to develop database forensic investigation (DBFI) tools and models. The temporal table is a new feature introduced with MSSQL server 2012 for track changes, database audit, data loss protection, and data recovery. In addition, the extended events another new feature introduced with MSSQL server 2008 for database performance troubleshooting. This study focused on DBFI in the MSSQL server using temporal tables and extended events artifacts. The experiment is conducted and the results have presented the use of the temporal tables and extended events artifacts in analyzing and determining the internal unauthorized modification on the database.
Performance of Low Power Electric Energy Clothes Dryers for Households
Authors: Purwadianto Doddy , Sugiharto Budi
Published: June 2023

One of the problems faced by middle to lower economic class people in big cities is drying clothes, both in the dry season and in the rainy season. Artificial clothes drying equipment is needed that can replace the role of solar energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of electric energy clothes dryers and the length of time needed to dry clothes on a household scale. The clothes dryer works by using a heat-pump based on the vapor-compression cycle. The total power of the heat pump is 200 watt. The working fluid of the heat-pump is R134a. The working fluid used to dry clothes is air, using a closed airflow system. The research was carried out experimentally by varying the amount of clothes in the drying chamber. The clothes dryer performance (COP) of the heat pump is 7.94. Drying time for 15, 25 and 40 clothes respectively for 210 minutes, 330 minutes and 450 minutes.
Smoothing Module for Optimization Cranium Segmentation Using 3D SlicerSmoothing Module for Optimization Cranium Segmentation Using 3D Slicer
Authors: Dyaksa Gilang Argya , Arfian Nur , Herianto Herianto , Choridah Lina , Cahyanta Yosef Agung
Published: June 2023

Anatomy is the most essential course in health and medical education to study parts of human body and also the function of it. Cadaver is a media used by medical student to study anatomical subject. Because of limited access to cadaver and also due to high prices, this situation makes it necessary to develope an alternative anatomical education media, one of them is the use 3D printing to produce anatomical models. Before 3D Print the cranium, it is necessary to do the segmentation process and often the segmentation result is not good enough and appear a lot of noises. The purpose of this research is to optimize a 3D cranium based on DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) data processing using the smoothing modules on 3D Slicer. The method of this research is to process the Cranium DICOM data using 3D Slicer software by varying the 5 types of smoothing modules. The results with default parameter fill holes and median have better results compared to others. Kernel size variations are performed for smoothing module fill holes and medians. The result is fill holes get optimal segmentation results using a kernel size of 3 mm and the median is 5 mm.
South-Asian Literature and Diaspora: Examining Manjushree Thapa’s “Tilled Earth”
Authors: Goswami Dr. Harajit
Published: June 2023

The phenomena and condition of being in a diaspora has been analysed from various perspectives by the scholars of diaspora-studies. Although the term “Diaspora” originally referred to the condition of the Jews who were dispersed from their ‘promised land’, the word has acquired new meanings over the years and it is now applied to any community or group that has been displaced from their native or ‘original homeland’ to two or more countries. The key issues that are often considered to be integral to our understanding of diaspora are the concepts or discourses of ‘nation’, ‘ethnicity’, ‘homeland’, ‘identity’, ‘culture’, ‘assimilation’ with the host-country, ‘exile’, ‘alienation’, ‘otherization’ and discrimination. This paper would attempt to study Manjushree Thapa’s short story titled “Tilled Earth” in relation to these issues pertaining to diasporic communities or individuals.
Differentiation of forms of protection of the right to medical assistance
Authors: Vasylieva-Shalamova Zh.
Published: June 2023

The article aims to investigate the issue of the mechanism of protection of civil rights and the differentiation of procedural forms of protection of the right to medical assistance.

The article examines the existing doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept of "protection of civil rights", "means", "forms", "methods of protection of civil rights" arising in the field of providing medical assistance and health care.

The work states that the methods of protection of rights are actions provided for by law, which are directly aimed at the protection of rights. They are final acts of protection in the form of material and legal actions or jurisdictional actions, which are aimed at eliminating obstacles in the way of subjects exercising their rights (interests) or at stopping the offense, restoring the situation that existed before the offense. Instead, the form of protection characterizes the order of protection and constitutes a set of internally agreed measures for the protection of subjective rights and protected interests that take place within the limits of one legal regime.

Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the field of health care, first of all, the patient has the right to independently determine, by means of which form to protect his rights, which, in his opinion, have been violated during the provision of medical care. It can be the application of various pre-trial procedures, administrative appeal or appeal to the court.

The article analyzes the implementation of judicial, pre-judicial and administrative forms of protection of a person's medical right in the field of health care.

It was concluded that the non-jurisdictional form of protection of the patient's rights is a form of protection, in the implementation of which the patient can independently choose self-defense measures that are not prohibited by law and correspond to the nature of the actions that violated his right, as well as the consequences caused by the offense.
Requisition as a ground for termination of property rights under conditions of martial law
Authors: Kossak V. , Andrusiv U.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of requisition under conditions of martial law. It is emphasized that despite the principle of inviolability of property rights, the possibility of forced alienation of property rights is enshrined at the legislative level.

It was established that in order to determine the legality of interference with the right of private property through requisition, it is necessary to take into account the criteria of the three-fold test: the legality of the interference, public necessity and proportionality.

The position of scientists who claim that the basis of requisition under martial law is the legal structure is supported. On the basis of the analysis of the legislative provisions, the main features inherent in requisitions are identified: is aimed at satisfying public interests; is carried out under the condition of occurrence or probability of occurrence of extraordinary circumstances; is conducted administratively, not judicially; a special entity authorized to make a decision on forced alienation; is the basis for the emergence of the right of state ownership and the termination of the right of private ownership; has a compensatory  nature (preliminary or subsequent reimbursement of the cost); after the cessation of extraordinary circumstances, the former owner has the right to demand the return of requisitioned property, if it is preserved.

It is emphasized that the requisition must be accompanied by clear documentation: to confirm the fact of forced alienation of property, an act is drawn up, an integral appendix to which is a document containing a conclusion on the value of the property. It was established that the moment of termination of the ownership right of the owner and its occurrence in the state is connected with the date of signing the act of forced alienation of property.

It has been established that the object of requisition can be both individually determined property and property endowed with ancestral characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed to unify the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Transfer, Expropriation or Seizure of Property under the Legal Order of Martial Law or State of Emergency" with the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is emphasized that despite the absence of a direct instruction in the Land Code of Ukraine, requisition is one of the reasons for the forced termination of ownership of land plots. It was concluded that requisition is the basis for terminating not only ownership rights, but also real rights to someone else's property.

It was determined that the owner can challenge the assessment of requisitioned property by filing a claim for reimbursement of its value. The specifics of the return of property that was forcibly alienated against the will of the owner are disclosed.

It was established that the dispute about the appeal of acts of forced alienation is a matter of private law, since there is an encroachment on a person's property right.
The legal force of decisions of the court of first instance in civil proceedings
Authors: Fennych V.
Published: June 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the characteristics and analysis of the legal force of the decisions of the court of first instance in the civil process and the legal consequences that arise. The author notes various issues that can be resolved by the decisions of the court of first instance during the consideration and resolution of a civil case, what significance this has for the participants in the process in general and the participants in the case in particular, as a result of which the problem of the legality of the decisions of the first instance court is actualized.

It is argued that the rulings of the court of first instance in civil proceedings, as well as the court's decision, act as an act of justice. As a result, the analysis of the features of the legal force of the decisions of the court of first instance, compared to the decisions of the court of first instance, is carried out. It is noted that the legal force of the decisions of the court of first instance is their legal effect, which generates such legal consequences as immutability, exclusivity, obligation and prejudice. The specified legal consequences are analyzed, but in the context of the decisions of the court of first instance. It is argued that such a legal consequence as binding is most obviously manifested, since the decisions of the court of first instance must be implemented immediately from the moment they are announced or signed. For this, it is not even necessary to apply to the court for an executive document, as in the case of a court decision, since the decision of the court of first instance simultaneously acts as an executive document. On the other hand, such properties of the legal force of the court's decision as immutability, exclusivity and prejudiciality with respect to the decisions of the court of first instance in civil proceedings are manifested quite peculiarly. If for a court decision that has entered into legal force, immutability means the impossibility of appealing them, then, as a general rule, court decisions after their announcement or from the moment they are signed, that is, from the moment they entered into legal force, can be appealed to the courts of higher instances, and the last to cancel and change them or issue new ones. Exclusivity as a property of legal force is characteristic for some court decisions (for example, decisions closing proceedings in a case), but not for others. In most cases, failure to satisfy applications or petitions based on which resolutions were issued does not prevent a person from submitting identical petitions or applications again. As a rule, this is not characteristic of court decisions. If the prejudicial nature of court decisions clearly follows from the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, then such a property according to the decisions of the court of first instance, according to the position of the highest judicial body of Ukraine, is preserved only for those who decide the case on the merits.
Legal analysis of the concept of «family» and subjects of family legal relations
Authors: Shevtsiv Yu.
Published: June 2023

The article researches the etymology of the term «family». In particular, the content of this concept as a social phenomenon is given, as well as an analysis of the opinions of modern Ukrainian lawyers regarding its legal content, and as a result, a proper definition of the legal category «family» - a set of persons, relations between which are based on mutual rights and obligations - is proposed languages, cohabitation and everyday life, arising on the basis of marriage (marital relations without marriage registration) or consanguineous ties, or other forms of adoption of children for upbringing, and which bear mutual responsibility for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of family obligations. It was established that there is no single approach to understanding the definition of «family» among scientists, just as there is no single comprehensive concept in the legal system of our country. In addition, it is noted that there are two opposing positions in the legal literature regarding the need to form a single definition of the term «family», because some scientists support the position of legislating the category «family», explaining this by the fact that different branches of law regulate different in terms of content, legal relations with the participation of family members, others, in turn, do not consider it necessary to enshrine the term «family» at the legislative level, because the criteria characterizing a family are very multifaceted and diverse. The characterization of the subjects (participants) of family legal relations provided for by the legislation of Ukraine, taking into account a certain sequence, was carried out. In particular, three groups of participants in family legal relations are distinguished. The first group is spouses, parents, children and the adoption institute. The second group is grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandmothers, great-grandfathers, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, siblings, stepmother, stepfather, stepdaughter and stepson. The third group is other family members provided for in Chapters 19 and 20 of the Family Code of Ukraine.
Definition of the principle of competitiveness in economic litigation
Authors: Nikolenko L.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of determining the principle of competitiveness in economic litigation based on the analysis of legislation, judicial practice, including the European Court of Human Rights.

It is emphasized that the process has a special place in the system of principles of economic justice, the principle of competition, which is key in achieving the tasks of economic justice.

It is argued that the principle of competitiveness affects the entire process of formation and research of factual material necessary for the consideration of the case, determines the actions of the parties and other participants in the process of gathering and researching evidence, the sequence of these actions and their legal consequences, the role of the judge in this process

Based on the analysis of legislation and court practice, it is stated that the principle of competitiveness provides for: the dependence of the court's actions on the demands of the plaintiff and the objections of the defendant; the court decides the case to the extent of the claims made by the parties; the possibility of free use of means of proof; the right of each party to prove the facts substantiating claims and objections; the possibility for the parties to submit additional evidence at the proposal of the economic court.

It is emphasized that international standards in the field of justice pay considerable attention to the issue of compliance with the principle of competitiveness justice. An analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the interpretation and application of the adversarial principle was carried out and the conclusion was made that the principle of competitiveness is accepted as the basis of the concept of a fair trial in the sense of Article 6 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which also includes the principles of equality of parties in the process and effective participation, dispositiveness and reasonableness of the term.

It is noted that with the introduction of the new standard of proof "probability of evidence" it is necessary not only to provide enough evidence to confirm a certain circumstance, but also to provide exactly the amount of them that can outweigh the arguments of the opposite side of the court process.

It is emphasized that the implementation of the principle of competitiveness in appellate and cassation proceedings is carried out taking into account certain specific features.
The improvement of legal regulation in Ukraine of the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities in the field of labor relations
Authors: Dyachenko O.
Published: June 2023

The article provides an insight into the prospects for improving the legal regulation of the implementation of the rights of persons with disabilities in the field of labor relations. It puts forward specific proposals for enhancing the existing legal framework in this area. The author suggests the development and adoption of a draft law in Ukraine, titled "On Ensuring the Social Security of Persons with Disabilities in the Field of Labor Relations." This proposed draft law suggests the addition of a new paragraph to Paragraph 1 of Part 1 of Art. 20 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine". This new paragraph will outline the responsibilities of the government in relation to the approval of draft strategies and concepts aimed at improving the social security level for the general population and specifically for persons with disabilities. Additionally, the draft law proposes the addition of Chapter VIII to the Labor Code of Ukraine, consisting of two articles: Art. 129-1, "Approval and Implementation of Annual Strategies for Ensuring Social Security of Certain Categories of Employees at Enterprises, Institutions, and Organizations," and Art. 129-2, "The Activities of the Commissioner for Ensuring the Rights of Persons with Disabilities at the Enterprise, Institution, and Organization". Additionally, the proposed draft law suggests supplementing the Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population" with Art. 26-1 ("Intervention programs in the field of employment"). This article will incorporate relevant and useful social and legal practices that are already in use in Ukraine, based on the Decree of the Minister of Labor and Social Policy of Poland dated 24th June, 2014. To ensure the comprehensive nature of the relevant legislative changes, the author also highlights the need for amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Taking into account the experience of legal regulation in the French Republic, the necessity of supplementing parts 3 and 4 of Art. 172 ("Gross violation of labor legislation") of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is justified. The norms will strengthen legal responsibility for gross violations of labor legislation committed through discriminatory actions, as well as for such acts committed by a public official. The article concludes with a summary of the study's results.
The influence of the reception of Roman law on the development of civil and criminal law in Rus
Authors: Kryzhevskyi A.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the influence of the reception of Roman-Byzantine law on the development of civil and criminal law in the Rus by comparing specific provisions of normative legal acts. Various types of reception are considered, including direct, indirect, and mediated. The article focuses on the influence of the Ecloga» and the «Nomocanon XIV Titles» on the development of legislation and sources of law in Kyivean Rus (The Russkaya Pravda, The Church Statute of Prince Yaroslav). The elements of Roman-Byzantine law that were borrowed and adapted in legal relationships in the Rus are analyzed, as well as how this affected the formation of its legal system and the consequences it had for the further development of Rus' law. During the comparative analysis of the norms of Roman-Byzantine and Rus' law, the author identified a significant reception of provisions regulating inheritance relations. The author concludes that the reception of Roman-Byzantine law was more noticeable in civil law than in criminal law. It is shown that the reception of Roman-Byzantine norms of criminal law was insignificant, and the system of punishments was based on Rus' customary law, where fines predominated rather than executions and physical injuries. It is also revealed that direct reception (i.e., borrowing legislative decisions) was inferior in volume to indirect reception in the Rus state, which was carried out by applying revised and re-synthesized legal material used to regulate economic relations and ideologically shape certain political realities. It is proved that, despite the existence of various types of reception of Roman-Byzantine legal norms in the legislation of the Rus, the latter is the result of the development of Rus society and legal consciousness. It is noted that Ukrainian law benefited from the favorable influence of Roman law during the historical development, although its national peculiarities were preserved.
Regarding the issue of legal protection of personal data of employees
Authors: Spitsyna G. , Gutsu S.
Published: June 2023

The paper examines the state of legal regulation of personal data protection of employees in Ukraine. It is established that the national labour legislation does not have special rules on the specifics of regulating the security of processing and storage of personal data in the process of concluding, implementing and terminating employment relations. With this in mind, the authors refer to the experience of international and European institutions in regulating this area. It is established that the ILO and EU instruments have a broader scope than national legislation, namely, they contain not only general rules, but also those regulating relations in the field of employment and employment. Given Ukraine's commitment to improve its personal data protection legislation in order to bring it in line with the GDPR as part of the implementation of the Association Agreement with the European Union, the authors propose a number of measures to improve the mechanisms and means of legal regulation of employee personal data protection in the context of digital and European integration. These include - introduction of international standards for ensuring mechanisms related to the security, protection and defence of employee personal data; - creation of a legal regime for the protection and defence of employee personal data in accordance with the European Regulation; - establishment of liability and determination of types of punishment for violation of legislation in the field of protection of employee personal data; - introduction of special provisions in the Labour Code of Ukraine regarding the employer's obligation to protect personal data.

It is noted that in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the introduction of martial law, this issue has become even more relevant and requires further legislative consolidation and consideration of international experience and analysis of the current state, taking into account the existing practical component.
Professional ethics in law enforcement agencies
Authors: Svichkaryova Ya.V.
Published: June 2023

The article explains what the ethics of law enforcement agencies are. Having analyzed the concept of law enforcement ethics, it was determined that it is a type of professional ethics, one of the branches of ethical science, the science of morality.The professional ethics of law enforcement agencies in a broad and narrow sense were considered, and it was determined that the ethics of law enforcement agencies should be understood as a certain system of basic principles for regulating the behavior of law enforcement officers, which is built taking into account the peculiarities of professional activity.A doctrinal interpretation of the “Code of Conduct of Law Enforcement Officials” was carried out. In particular, its moral and ethical content is determined, which consists in the fact that its main purpose is to ensure effective support of ethical norms among law enforcement officials, focus on the priority of universal moral values, etc.It was concluded that the Code of Conduct, as an “authoritative” document generally recognized by the international community, establishes the main deontological standards for ensuring law and order. It was emphasized that when developing standards for ensuring law and order in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the traditions that have developed historically, the peculiarities of the economic and social situation of our country, as well as the standards should be created so that they correspond to the standards of a democratic state, the norms of ensuring law and order in a democratic society, etc.It is emphasized that moral requirements for law enforcement professions can also be enshrined in regulatory and legal acts as mandatory. It is noted that deontological codes or rules of ethical behavior cannot cancel or replace the provisions of the current legislation on law enforcement activities, but supplement and specify them.Er werd vastgesteld dat het behoren van een persoon tot een specifieke beroepsgroep veronderstelt dat zijn gedrag en alle professionele activiteiten in overeenstemming zijn met bepaalde normen - regels en normen, morele en ethische vereisten van de samenleving. Het niveau van professionaliteit in dergelijke professionele teams wordt niet alleen gemeten aan de hand van kennis, vaardigheden en capaciteiten, maar ook aan de naleving van bepaalde vaste normen van professioneel gedrag tijdens het proces van professionele activiteit.It was emphasized that the formation of the appropriate level of ethical competence will allow the employee of the law enforcement agency to more effectively perform his professional duty and will contribute to increasing his authority among colleagues and the population.
Historical aspects of the formation of the institution of criminal responsibility of minors
Authors: Kravchuk S.Y.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the epistemological features of the development of the institution of criminal responsibility of minors in Ukraine, which has a rich historical experience of legislative regulation of their criminal responsibility. At the same time, the fact that juvenile delinquency remains irresistible for several centuries and its growth is noted was taken into account. Therefore, at certain historical stages, the issue of not only the age at which criminal responsibility began, but also the measures applied to juvenile criminals was resolved in different ways.In particular, the four stages of criminal responsibility of minors identified by the author characterize different attitudes of the authorities to this important problem. It is noted that humanity in the most ancient times almost did not punish minors who committed a crime. Therefore, among representatives of social and legal opinion, there were even quite radical methods of dealing with children for a long time. Thus, for quite a long period, scientific ideas and views were formed regarding the ability of children to realize the socially dangerous nature of their actions, which in some cases were taken into account by the relevant authorities when choosing means of influencing representatives of this age group. This was facilitated by the centuriesold position of individual lawyers, public and religious figures regarding the establishment of childhood age limits, gender characteristics of the responsibility of minors, and the state and social role of punishment. However, punishment, as coercion, appeared and developed simultaneously with humanity and was applied accordingly to all persons who committed a criminal offense and are subject to criminal liability by law.Significant changes regarding the responsibility of minors for committed offenses took place in Ukrainian criminal legislation in 2001, which were characterized by the establishment of rather low age limits for its onset. At the same time, starting from 2008, legislative acts on the humanization of criminal responsibility entered into force in Ukraine, which became an important step towards the harmonization of Ukrainian criminal legislation in accordance with European legal norms.
Socio-criminological prerequisites for criminalization of land mismanagement
Authors: Kolisnyk S.V. , Turlova Yu.A.
Published: June 2023

The article focuses on the most important prerequisites for criminalization of land mismanagement which the authors define as phenomena and processes taking place in various spheres and levels of social reality and establishing the objective need and social demand for legislative recognition of the expediency to protect certain values under criminal law by defining the relevant socially dangerous encroachments as criminal offenses punishable under criminal law. The authors analyze some components of the socio-criminological prerequisites for land mismanagement criminalization which include the degree of social danger of acts, their relative prevalence and typicality, the dynamics of acts, the expediency of using criminal law means to influence such acts, and also the abilities of the criminal justice system. The authors provide a rationale for using the term “socio-criminological prerequisites” which ensues from the requirements of social adequacy of criminalization, its admissibility from the perspective of the main characteristics of social systems and processes, as well as the criminological nature of studies dealing with the prevalence of offenses, their typicality and dynamics.It is demonstrated that the high level of social danger associated with land mismanagement is attributable, inter alia, to the value of land as an object of encroachment, which is determined by its ability, in conjunction with society, to perform particular functions (economic, biological, and social) with regard to humanity. The article analyzes the global factors which increase the social danger of land mismanagement, such as Ukraine’s status as a guarantor of food security in many countries worldwide, and the persistent trends of global soil degradation which endanger food supply to a sizeable share of the world’s population and are thus recognized as one of the most crucial challenges to sustainable development globally.The analysis of criminological information sources in terms of identifying the land mismanagement facts provided the ground for the conclusion that such encroachments are classified as fairly common offenses and meet the requirements to the relative prevalence of the act. The authors draw attention to the limited abilities of the criminal justice system to counteract these encroachments, but despite the low effectiveness of such activities, there is still a need for ensuring protection of lands under criminal law and for recognizing criminalization of land mismanagement as quite possible and necessary.