bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth(III) in Water Using Some Ion Pairing Reagents
Authors: S. Bashammakh Abdulaziz
Published: April 2012

Two novel and low cost liquid‐liquid extraction methods for the separation of bismuth(III) at trace level from aqueous medium have been developed. The two methods were based upon the formation of yellow colored ternary complex ion associates of tetraiodobismuth(III) complex anion, BiI4‐ with the ion‐pairing reagent 2,3,5‐tetraphenyltetrazoliumchloride (Tz+.Cl–) and 1, 10 phenanthroline (Phen) in sulfuric acid medium. The effect of various parameters e.g. pH, organic solvent, shaking time, etc. on the preconcentration of bismuth(III) from the aqueous media by the reagent was investigated. The developed colored complex ion associates [Tz+.BiI4-] and [Phen+.BiI4-] were extracted quantitatively into acetone‐chloroform (1:1v/v) and methyliso‐ butylketone (MIBK), respectively. The compositions of the formed complex ion associates [Tz+.BiI4-] and [Phen+.BiI4-] were determined by the Job′s method at 500 and 490 nm, respectively. The plots of bismuth(III) concentration (0‐17 μg mL-1) versus absorbance of the associates at 500 and 490 nm were linear with good correlation coefficient (R2=0.998). The developed method of the ion associate [Tz+.BiI4-] two methods was applied successfully for the analysis of bismuth in water.
Groundwater Quality of Open Wells and Tube Wells around Amalner Town of Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil V. T. , Patil P. R.
Published: April 2012

Groundwater samples (Three open wells, three tube wells) were collected from six different locations around Amalner town and analyzed during November 2007‐February 2008. Fifteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed and the results were compared with water quality standards prescribed by WHO and ISI 10500‐91. In the present study, two water samples (one open well, one tube well) showed high EC, TDS, TA, TH values indicating poor water quality. The correlation coefficients were calculated. The significance of the results is further discussed.
Immobilization of Aspergillus Oryzae β‐Galactosidase on Newly Prepared Porous Poly(GMA‐ST)
Authors: Sufang Sun , Xiaobing Xu
Published: April 2012

The macroporous and reactive carriers polyGMA‐ST was synthesized simultaneously with a mixture of cyclohexanol and lauryl alcohol as liquid pore‐forming agents and nano‐calcium carbonate as solid one by bulk copolymerization. After the polymer was smashed, particles with diameters ranging 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm were taken as the carrier and the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were done to characterize its surface structure. Under the optimum conditions, β‐galactosidase Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized on the supporter obtained above, its enzyme activity could reach to 535.11U/g dry carrier and the activity recovery of the immobilized β‐galactosidase was 79.63%. Meanwhile, the basic property and the kinetic data of the immobilized enzyme were determined and compared with those of the free enzyme and satisfactory results were obtained in pH stability, thermal stability and operational stability. The conclusion obtained here indicated that the ploy(GMA‐co‐ST) prepared concurrently with liquid and solid porogen was suitable to immobilize enzyme.
Organizing Pneumonia by Paragonimiasis and Coexistent Aspergilloma Manifested as a Pulmonary Irregular Nodule
Authors: Lee In Jae , Seo Jinwon , Kim Dong Gyu
Published: April 2012

Organizing pneumonia by paragonimiasis and coexistent aspergilloma as a pulmonary nodule is a rare case of lung disease. Its radiographic or CT feature has not been described before in the radiologic literature. We present organizing pneumonia by paragonimiasis and coexistent aspergilloma manifested as a pulmonary irregular nodule on CT.
Kinetics of Oxidation of 3‐Benzoylpropionic Acid by N‐Chlorobenzamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
Authors: Farook N. A. Mohamed , Dameem G. A. Seyed
Published: April 2012

The kinetics of oxidation of 3‐benzoylpropionic acid (KA) by N‐chlorobenzamide (NCB) in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of perchloric acid have been investigated. The observed rate of oxidation is first order dependence each in [KA], [NCB] and [H+]. The main product of the oxidation is the corresponding carboxylic acid. The rate decreases with the addition of benzamide, one of the products of the reaction. Variation in ionic strength of the reaction medium has no significant effect on the rate of oxidation. But the rate of the reaction is enhanced by lowering the dielectric constant of the reaction medium. Hypochlorous acidium ion (H2O+Cl), has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. A mechanism consistent with observed results have been proposed and the related rate law deduced. The activation parameters have been computed with respect to slow step of the mechanism.
Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Anisaldehyde and Toluene at Different Temperatures
Authors: Srinivasu CH. , Narendra K. , Kalpana CH.
Published: April 2012

Theoretical velocities of binary liquid mixtures of anisaldehyde with toluene at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K have been evaluated by using theoretical models of liquid mixtures such as Nomoto, Van Dael‐Vangeel, Schaff’s collision factor theory and Junjie’s relations. Density and ultrasonic velocity of these mixtures have also been measured as a function of concentration and temperature and the experimental values are compared with the theoretical values. A good agreement has been found between experimental and Nomoto’s theoretical ultrasonic velocities. The results are explained in terms of intermolecular interactions occurring in these binary liquid mixtures.
Photocatalytic Removal of Azo Dye and Anthraquinone DyeUsing TiO2 Immobilised on Ceramic Tiles
Authors: Palanisamy P. N. , Kavitha S. K.
Published: April 2012

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 immobilized on different supports; cement and ceramic tile, was studied to decolorize two commercial dyes. The catalyst was immobilised by two different techniques, namely, slurry method on ceramic tile and powder scattering on cement. The degradation of the dyes was carried out using UV and solar irradiation. The comparative efficiency of the catalyst immobilised on two different supports was determined. The photodegradation process was monitored by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. The catalyst immobilised on ceramic tile was found to be better than the catalyst immobilised on cement. Experimental results showed that both illumination and the catalyst were necessary for the degradation of the dyes and UV irradiation is more efficient compared to solar irradiation.
Advanced Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Showing Complete Response to Combined Surgery and Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Minagawa Tomohiro , Shioya Ryuta , Sato Chigusa , Shichinohe Ryuji , Yasui Go , Ishikawa Kohsuke , Takahashi Hiroko
Published: April 2012

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. The epithelioid variant accounts for 5% or less of MPNSTs; the clinical behavior of this variant is unclear. Reports of approximately 40 cases are available in the English literature; however, most reports addressed clinicopathological features rather than therapeutic procedures or clinical courses. We describe a case of a 62-year-old male with an epithelioid MPNST of the left foot. Multiple lung metastases developed after radical surgery on the primary lesion. The response to adjuvant chemotherapy including doxorubicin and ifosfamide was favorable, and thoracoscopic resection was subsequently performed on the remaining three metastases. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was observed at the 12-month followup after the first operation. Further followup and chemotherapy may be required.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarinyl Sydnone Derivatives
Authors: Patel Keshav C. , Patel Himanshu D.
Published: April 2012

A novel series of compounds containing coumarinyl sydnone derivatives from 4‐methyl‐7‐hydroxy‐8‐nitro coumarin were synthesized. The formed compounds have been evaluated by physical methods (melting point, thin layer chromatography, elemental analysis) and by spectral data (IR, 1H‐NMR & 13C NMR). The antimicrobial evaluation of the compounds showed that some of them revealed promising antimicrobial activity.
Chemical Analysis of Datura Metel Leaves and Investigation of the Acute Toxicity on Grasshoppers and Red Ants
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Ganeshalingam Sashikesh
Published: April 2012

The present study was carried out to analyse the inorganic and organic contents in the leaf of Datura metel and to investigate the acute toxicity at varying concentrations on grasshoppers and red ants. We determined the calcium, magnesium and phosphorous in the ionic state quantitatively and carried out screening tests and solvent extraction using chloroform to find out the presence of organic groups such as alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins and steroids. The concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and PO43- were found to be (4.28 ± 0.05)×104, (3.86 ± 0.009) ×104, (2.33 ± 0.007)×104 and (4.65 ± 0.06)×104 ppm respectively. The screening tests confirmed the presence of alkaloids and steroids and the absence of saponins and flavanoids. Increasing concentrations of the plant extracts (2500‐15000 ppm) were added to grasshoppers (n = 10) and red ants (n = 10) in an experimental chamber. After 10 minutes of exposure, the numbers of live insects were counted. The results showed the EC50 value was 12000 ppm for grasshoppers and 11600 ppm for red ants. Percentage mortality increased from 20‐60% with increasing concentrations. Our results indicated that extract of Datura metelleaves at higher concentrations was more toxic and it can be used as an insecticide against grasshoppers and red ants.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of 3‐(5‐Chloro‐2, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide and HSP90 Molecular Chaperone Interaction
Authors: Baramakeh Leila
Published: April 2012

The calculation of free energy differences of a system is of great importance as the rate and extent of many if not all chemical and biophysical processes are governed by the nature of underlying free energy landscape. In this study the preferential binding of 3‐(5‐chloro‐2, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)–pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide (4BC) and Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90) molecular chaperone has been evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation. A soft core potential was used during the mutations to facilitate the creation and deletion of atoms. Trajectory analysis showed a stable equilibrium after energy minimization. Potential energy plot showed equilibrium around ‐69520 and ‐183859 kJ/mol for Hsp90 and Hsp90‐4BC. Kinetic energy also was calculated for Hsp90 and Hsp90‐4BC as 44500 and 65928.29 kJ/mol, respectively.
Synthesis of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives of Pharmaceutical Interest
Authors: El-Ablack Fawzia Zakaria
Published: April 2012

Reaction of 2‐(aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrochloride (1) with ethyl acetoacetate was studied to give diazepinone‐benzimidazole derivative (2), while, treatment of 1 with phenylhydrazono ethylacetoacetate afforded phenylhydrazino diazepinone derivative (3). On the other hand, reaction of 1 with acetyl acetone resulted in the formation of diazepine derivative (4). The reaction of 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate was studied to give 3‐aminodiazepinone derivative (5). Also the reaction of 1 with acetophenone and/or benzophenone has been investigated to give the fused imidazolines 6 and 7 respectively, while the reaction of 1 with cyclopentanone gave benzimidazolyl derivative (8). Treatment of 1 with chloroacetyl chloride gave the fused pyrazinone (9). The treatment of 1 with benzoin gave the derivative (10). The structures of the hitherto unknown compounds have been confirmed from analytical and spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Synthesis, Characterizations and Antimicrobial Activity of Metal Complexes of 2‐(2‐Furanylmethylaminocarbonyl)benzoic Acid
Authors: Patel R. H. , Hiran B. L.
Published: April 2012

The ligand, 2‐(2‐furanylmethylaminocarbonyl)benzoic acid (FMBA) and it’s transition metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies, magnetic moments and thermal studies. The antifungal activity of all the samples was monitored against common fungi.
Semi‐Empirical Predictions on the Structure and Properties of ent‐Kaurenoic Acid and Derivatives
Authors: Janairo Jose Isagani B. , Janairo Gerardo C. , YU Derrick Ethelbhert C.
Published: April 2012

The physicochemical properties of ent‐ kaurenoic acid model derivatives, which possibly influence its therapeutic application, were calculated. Results revealed that the molecule possess favourable attributes which renders it possible to be considered as a drug lead only that its very hydrophobic nature can result to poor bioavailabilty, low absorption and poor systemic circulation. In silico simulations revealed that this setback can be overcome by introduction of hydroxyl group to the tertiary carbon of ent‐kaurenoic acid employing m‐CPBA catalyzed hydroxylation, thus, unleashing its full drug potency. Moreover, molecular similarity analyses derived from semi‐empirical calculations between ent‐kaurenoic acid and a set of kaurane diterpenoids showed differences in hydrophobic complementarity, size and electronic properties despite possessing nearly identical molecular frameworks, thus, arriving in a generalization for their observed mechanistic differences on acting on different targets.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Metals Using Bis(2,4,4‐trimethyl‐pentyl)monothiophosphinic Acid as Chelating Agent for Subsequent ICP‐MS Analyses of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead in Sediment
Authors: Roa E. C. , Schultz M. , Capangpangan M. B.
Published: April 2012

This study investigated and validated the optimum conditions for a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method using bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)‐monothiophosphinic acid as a chelating ligand, for subsequent ICP‐MS analyses of mercury, cadmium and lead in sediment. Several combinations of pressure, temperature and modifier (P‐T‐M) conditions for SFE were tested and an appropriate collection solvent was also determined using a sediment certified reference material (CRM) as sample, to determine the optimum set of conditions. Validation results of the optimized method indicated high percent recoveries which are better compared to standard methods.
Effect of Anionic Surfactant on the Thermo Acoustical Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate in Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution by Ultrasonic Method
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Kumari C. Rathika Thaya
Published: April 2012

The interaction of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) / poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was studied by ultrasonic velocity measurements. Ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity in mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulphate in polyvinyl alcohol was measured over the entire range of composition. From the experimental data, other related thermodynamic parameters, viz., adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, surface tension, relative association, relaxation time, absorption coefficient and internal pressure were calculated. Formations of rods interfere with velocity of ultrasonic waves. Hence the ultrasonic velocity decreases with concentration. These results were interpreted in terms of polymer‐surfactant complex reactions.
A Rapid and Selective LC‐MS/MS Method for Quantification of Quetiapine in Human Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study on Indian Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Ravinder S. , Bapuji A. T. , Mukkanti K. , Nagesh M. , Ravikiran H. L. V.
Published: April 2012

A rapid, robust and selective high pressure liquid chromatography–positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of quetiapine (QUE) in human plasma with K2EDTA using oxcarbazepine (IS) as an internal standard. Analyte and internal standard were extracted from human plasma by solid‐phase extraction using acetonitrile. The eluted samples were chromatographed on a C18 column by using a 10:75:15v/v mixture of ammonium formate buffer (5 mM, pH 4.50) and acetonitrile and methanol as an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 384.3/253.2 for Quetiapine and m/z 253.1/208.1 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 5.01 ‐ 2501.04 ng/mL for quetiapine in human plasma. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze 300 patient plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used for the estimation of quetiapine in real time schizophrenia patient’s plasma samples for pharmacokinetic study.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide(III) Nitrate Complexes with Terdentate ONO Donor Hydrazone Derived from 2‐Benzimidazolyl Mercaptoaceto Hydrazide and o‐Hydroxy Aromatic Aldehyde
Authors: Naik Vinayak M. , Mallur Nirmalkumar B.
Published: April 2012

A few eight coordinated complexes of lanthanide(III) nitrate with 2‐benzimidazolyl mercaptoaceto hydrazone ligand (LH2) with the general formula [Ln(LH)2NO2]H2O (where Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, UV‐Visible, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The experimental data sustain stoichiometry of 1:2 (metal/ligand) for the complexes. The spectral data shows that the ligand reacts in keto form and behaves as monobasic terdentate in nature. The nitrate appears to coordinate in the bidentate fashion to the metal ion. The thermal stabilities of the complexes have been studied by TGA and their kinetic parameters were calculated using Coats‐Redfern and MKN methods. The antimicrobial activity studies have been under taken and results are discussed.
Trifluoroacetic Acid as an Effective Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones (and‐Thiones)
Authors: Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. , Firoozi Neda
Published: April 2012

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is introduced as an effective catalyst for promotion of Biginelli reaction. 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (‐thione) derivatives (DHPMs) were simply and efficiently prepared using TFA catalyzed one‐pot, three‐component condensation β‐dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes and urea (thio).
Preparation of Tannin Based Hydrogel for Biological Application
Authors: Mhessn R. Jameel , Abd-Alredha L. , Al-Rubaie R. , Aziz A. Fuad Khudair
Published: April 2012

Polymeric blends as potential wound dressing were prepared. Natural polymer (Tannin) and synthetic polymers (PVA and PEG) were used to prepare heterogeneous blends. The product was identified by spectrophotometry. A diaphragm cell was used to measure the diffusion coefficient (D). The result shown the PEG‐PVA disk was very faster permeability for all solution. The D of PVA/ PEG‐Tannin blend was 0.184x10-3 cm2/s higher than Tannin‐PEG blend was 0.038x10-3 cm2/s. The natural phenolic compounds that can be used artificial membrane to inhibit growth or kill microorganism such as bacteria or fungi.
Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Pathak Hemant , Limaye S. N.
Published: April 2012

Groundwater is one of the major resources of the drinking water in Sagar city (India.). In this study 15 sampling station were selected for the investigations on 14 chemical parameters. The work was carried out during different months of the pre‐monsoon, monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons in June 2009 to June 2010. The multivariate statistics such as principal component and cluster analysis were applied to the datasets to investigate seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Principal axis factoring has been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality. Average value of BOD, COD, ammonia and iron was high during entire study period. Elevated values of BOD and ammonia in monsoon, slightly more value of BOD in post‐monsoon, BOD, ammonia and iron in pre‐monsoon period reflected contribution on temporal effect on groundwater. Results of principal component analysis evinced that all the parameters equally and significantly contribute to groundwater quality variations. Factor 1 and factor 2 analysis revealed the DO value deteriorate due to organic load (BOD/Ammonia) in different seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 15 stations into four clusters in monsoon, five clusters in post‐monsoon and five clusters in pre‐monsoon with similar water quality features. Clustered group at monsoon, post‐monsoon and pre‐monsoon consisted one station exhibiting significant spatial variation in physicochemical composition. The anthropogenic nitrogenous species, as fallout from modernization activities. The study indicated that the groundwater sufficiently well oxygenated and nutrient‐rich in study places.
Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Mishra Kaushelendra , Soni Himesh , Nayak Govind , Patel Sita Sharan , Singhai A. K.
Published: April 2012

A simple, reproducible and efficient method for the determination of metformin hydrochloride (MET) was developed and validated. The analysis complied with Beer′s law in the concentration range of 8‐13 μg/mL at 233 nm for MET. In our study the validation of analytical method for determination of MET by UV in tablets formulation was performed in accordance the parameters including‐system suitability, specificity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, linearity of response, accuracy, precision (reproducibility & repeatability), robustness (change of wave length±2 nm).
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Group 12 Metal Complexes with Tellurium Containing 10‐Membered Tetraazamacrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Nitu  , Verma K. K.
Published: April 2012

A new series of 10‐membered tellurium containing tetraazamacrocyclic complexes, [ML1Cl2], [ML2Cl2] and [ML3Cl2], where [M=Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II); L1, L2 and L3=10‐membered tellurium containing tetraazamacrocyclic ligands] have been prepared via the template condensation of ethylenediamine and diaryltellurium dichlorides, R2TeCl2, (R=p‐hydroxyphenyl, 3‐methyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl, p‐methoxyphenyl) in the presence of metal chlorides. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, infrared, electronic absorption and proton magnetic resonance spectral studies. IR and PMR spectra confirm the formation of 10‐membered tetraazamacrocycle skeleton and their tetradentate nature. An octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the metal complexes on the basis of various physicochemical studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridino(1,4‐Η‐cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene)Derivatives of Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes
Authors: Odiaka T. I. , Akinyele O. F. , Adejoro I. A.
Published: April 2012

In this synthesis, we have been able to show that, the addition of x‐ substituted pyridines, (X = H, 2‐ Me, 3‐ Me 4‐ Me, 4‐NH2 and 4‐N(CH3)2 to the dienyl ring of the organometallic cation, [(Fe(CO)3 (1‐5‐ η‐2‐Me0C3H6)]BF4 and [(Fe(CO)3(1‐5‐η‐C6H7)]BF4 gives ionic substituted diene products, (X C5H4‐C6H6Y (Fe(CO)3] BF4,Y=H or 2‐MeO. The reaction takes place at ordinary room temperature. The resulting products were isolated and characterized.
Statistical Study of Physicochemical Characteristicsof Wastewater in Odogunyan, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akoteyon I. S. , Soladoye O.
Published: April 2012

Physicochemical characteristics of wastewater samples collected from Odogunyan area was studied. Samples collected were designated (OWS1-OWS5) representing 5 sampling points and were analyzed for 14 parameters including; (pH, TSS, TDS, Cl, EC, BOD, COD, DO, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe and Zinc) during the month of September 2009. The mean value obtained for total suspended solid & zinc were above FEPA stipulated tolerance limit in OWS2 & OWS5 whereas for zinc, it was above the stipulated limit in OWS2, OWS3 and OWS5. Cr was not detected except in two locations (i.e. OWS3 & OWS5). Although there is no FEPA’s limit for EC, the concentration obtained in OWS2 & OWS5 were relatively higher than the mean obtained. Mercury and Lead were not detected in all the samples.
Assessment of Dyeing Properties of Novel Bisazo‐Bisazomethine Disperse Dyes on Polyester Fabric
Authors: Dixit B. C. , Patel D. M.
Published: April 2012

Novel bisazo‐bisazomethine disperse dyes were prepared by the coupling of diazotized solutions of various aromatic amines with 2,2′‐{sulfonylbis [4,1‐phenylene nitrilomethylylidene]} diphenol (SB). Above Schiff base was prepared by the condensation of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with 4,4’‐sulphonyl‐ dianiline (Dapson). The resultant dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and1H NMR spectral studies. The UV Visible absorption spectral data were investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF) and are discussed in terms of structural property relationship. Their dyeing performance as disperse dyes has been assessed on polyester fabrics. The results show that a better hue was obtained on polyester fabrics and have mild to moderate fastness properties.
A Validated RP‐HPLC Method for the Determination of Atazanavir in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Srinivasu K. , Rao J. Venkateswara , Raju N. Appala , Mukkanti K.
Published: April 2012

A validated RP HPLC method for the estimation of atazanavir in capsule dosage form on YMC ODS 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ column using mobile phase composition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with acetonitrile (55:45 v/v). Flow rate was maintained at 1.5 mL/min with 288 nm UV detection. The retention time obtained for atazanavir was at 4.7 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration range of 30 ‐ 600 μg/mL. This method has been validated and shown to be specific, sensitive, precise, linear, accurate, rugged, robust and fast. Hence, this method can be applied for routine quality control of atazanavir in capsule dosage forms as well as in bulk drug.
Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Pauly John L. , Paszkiewicz Geraldine
Published: April 2012

Chronic inflammation associated with cigarette smoke fosters malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation and promotes certain nonneoplastic pulmonary diseases. The question arises as to whether chronic inflammation and/or colonization of the airway can be attributed, at least in part, to tobacco-associated microbes (bacteria, fungi, and spores) and/or microbial toxins (endotoxins and mycotoxins) in tobacco. To address this question, a literature search of documents in various databases was performed. The databases included PubMed, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, and US Patents. This investigation documents that tobacco companies have identified and quantified bacteria, fungi, and microbial toxins at harvest, throughout fermentation, and during storage. Also characterized was the microbial flora of diverse smoking and smokeless tobacco articles. Evidence-based health concerns expressed in investigations of microbes and microbial toxins in cigarettes, cigarette smoke, and smokeless tobacco products are reasonable; they warrant review by regulatory authorities and, if necessary, additional investigation to address scientific gaps.
Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts against Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli
Authors: N Liliwirianis , Zain Wan Zuraida Wan Mohd , Kassim Jamaluddin , Karim Shaikh Abdul
Published: April 2012

Local herbs have many potential that may be active with antimicrobial activity. A screening was conducted with 11 species of herbs collected in UiTM Pahang Forest Reserve. Epipremnum sp., Zingiber sp. Tetracera indica, Tectaria crenata, Piper stylosum, Homalomena propinque, Goniothalamus sp., Elephantopus scaber, Mapania patiolale, Melastoma sp., Stemona tuberosa, Phullagathis rotundifolia, Thotea grandifolia and Smilax sp. were extracted with methanol to obtain their crude. The agar diffusion method using blank disc of 6 mm diameter were loaded with 1000 µg/mL of methanol crude and applied to the inoculate plate was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aeureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results evaluated as the diameter of the inhibition zone of microbial growth, showed that all the extracts were active against gram‐positive bacteria and gram‐negative bacteria. The extract of Stemona tuberose was found to be the most active against the E. coli and S. aeureus while Piper stylosum active against B. subtilis.
Syntheses, Spectral and Antifungal Studies of Some Metal Complexes Derived from a Macrocyclic Ligand
Authors: Rao P. Venkateswar , Ammanni S. , Kalidasu S.
Published: April 2012

A new macrocyclic ligand 1‐[5‐(1‐{2‐[1‐(5‐acetyl‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐ethylideneamino]‐phenylimino) ‐ethyl)‐2,4 dihydroxy‐phenyl]‐ethanone was prepared by condensation of ethanolic solutions of 4,6‐ diacetyl resorcinol and o‐phenylenediamine. The ligand was characterized by 1H‐ & 13C‐ NMR, IR, Mass spectral data and analytical data. Metal complexes with this new macrocyclic ligand have been prepared with VO(IV), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II). The metal chelates were characterized by elemental analyses, Molar conductance measurements, Magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV Vis spectra. The ligand and the complexes were screened for anti fungal activity against Aspergillus terreus. The order of inhibition has been found to be Cu(II) >Cd(II) >Co (II)>VO (IV)>Fe (II)>Ni (II)>Mn (II)>Ligand.
Synthesis, Crystal Structural Characterization and Biological Properties of Thiosemicarbazones of Schiff Bases Derived from 4‐Acyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐5‐one
Authors: Rana Arjunsinh , Parekh Nayan , Dabhi Harish , Bhoi Dipak , Kumari Niraj
Published: April 2012

A novel synthesis, single crystal and biological activity of 4‐acylthiosemicarbazone‐3‐methyl‐1‐(4`‐methylphenyl)‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one by condensation of 4‐acyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐(4`‐methylphenyl)‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one with thiosemicarbazide was carried out. The compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, Mass, DSC and 13C NMR spectral data. The compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against various gram +ve and ‐ve bacteria. The results were compared with the marketed drugs. The crystal structure was determined by single x‐ray diffraction. 4‐Acetyl thiosemicarbazone‐3‐methyl‐1‐(4`‐methylphenyl)‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one(AcPTMP‐ths) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a=6.0828(7)Å, b=29.547(4)Å, c=7.9101(15)Å, α=90°, γ=95.602(15)°, γ=90°, V=1414.9(4) Å3, Z=4, Dc=1.429 mg/m3 and 4‐Propionylthiosemicarbazone‐3‐methyl‐1‐(4`‐methylphenyl)‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one (PropPTMP‐ths) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a=13.5622(10)Å, b=13.3671(12)Å, c=22.151(2)Å, α=90°, β=93.13(7)°, γ=90°, V=4010.1(6) Å3, Z=8, Dc=1.310 mg/m3. The compounds were screened for antibacterial properties and exhibited potential activity.
Methylene Blue Sensitized Photodechlorination of Isomeric Mono‐ and Dichloroanilines via Molecular Complex Formation Mechanism
Authors: Pande U. C. , Dwivedi A. H.
Published: April 2012

The photosensitized dechlorination of isomeric mono‐ and dichloroanilines has been studied using methylene blue as photosensitizer in alkaline medium. The dechlorination products have been identified and formation of molecular complex between aniline and methylene blue has been observed. The effects of the pH, concentration of the sensitizer, concentration of the substrate, the intensity of the light and the temperature on the rate of the reaction have been studied. The quantum efficiency of the photodechlorination has been evaluated. The mechanism of the photodechlorination has been suggested.
Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of N‐2‐(2‐Furyl)‐2‐(chlorobenzyloxyimino)Ethyl Ciprofloxacin Derivatives
Authors: Alipour Eskandar , Hosseini Negar Mohammad , Panah Fatemeh , Ardestani Sussan K. , Safavi Maliheh , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: April 2012

Quinolone are a class of potent broad‐spectrum antibacterial drugs that target the bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. In the present study, the synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxicity activity of a new series of N‐pipearzinyl quinolones containing N‐2‐(furyl‐2‐yl)‐2‐(chlorobenzyloxyimino) ethyl moiety (6a-c) have been studied. Preliminary screening showed that one of the new compounds, namely 7‐(4‐(2‐(3‐chlorobenzyloxyimino)‐2‐(furan‐2‐yl) ethyl) piperazin‐1‐yl)‐1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1, 4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (6b) showed significant cytotoxic activity against human breast tumor cell lines.
Spectrophotometric and pH‐Metric Studies of Ce(III), Dy(III), Gd(III),Yb(III) and Pr(III) Metal Complexes with Rifampicin
Authors: Sonar A. N. , Pawar N. S.
Published: April 2012

The metal‐ligand and proton‐ligand stability constant of Ce(III), Dy(III), Gd(III),Yb(III) and Pr(III) metals with substituted heterocyclic drug (Rifampicin) were determined at various ionic strength by pH metric titration. NaClO4 was used to maintain ionic strength of solution. The results obtained were extrapolated to the zero ionic strength using an equation with one individual parameter. The thermodynamic stability constant of the complexes were also calculated. The formation of complexes has been studied by Job’s method. The results obtained were of stability constants by pH metric method is confirmed by Job’s method.
Synthesis of N‐Methyl‐6‐heterocyclic‐1‐oxoisoindoline Derivatives by Microwave Assisted Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination
Authors: Kumar C. Kishor , Kumar H. Vijay , Naik Nagaraja
Published: April 2012

An rapid and efficient microwave assisted Pd(II) catalyzed protocol for the preparation of N‐methyl‐6‐heterocyclic‐1‐oxoisoindoline derivatives by Buchwald‐Hartwig amination with an overall yield 68‐85% has been described.
Ultrasonic Studies of Some Biomolecules in Aqueous Guanidine Hydrochloride Solutions at 298.15 K
Authors: Palani R. , Geetha A. , Poornima S. V. S. L.
Published: April 2012

Ultrasonic velocity (U), viscocity (η) and density (ρ) of L ‐ ascorbic acid, dextrose and sucrose in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride (0.3 m) have been measured at 298.15 K. The derived acoustical parameters namely adiabatic compressibility (β), apparent molal compressibility (ΨK) apparent molal volume (ΨV) limiting apparent molal compressibility (Ψ0K) limiting apparent molal volume (Ψ0V) and their constants (SK, Sv) and viscosity B‐ coefficient and hydration number (nH) have been computed from the experimental data. The variation of these parameters with respect to the molality of solutes have been explained on the basis of solute‐solvent interaction and structure making tendency of the solutes in solvents.
Synthesis, Characterization and Printing Application of Solvent Dyes Based on 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐n‐octyloxybenzophenone
Authors: Dixit Bharat C. , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: April 2012

Solvent dyes have been prepared by the coupling of diazo solution of different aromatic amines with 2‐hydroxy‐4‐n‐octyloxybenzophenone. The resultant dyes were characterized by elemental analysis as well as IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The UV‐Visible spectral data have also been discussed in terms of structure property relationship. The printing of all the dyes on cotton fiber was monitored. The result shows that better hue was obtained on printing on cotton fiber and it is resulted in yellow to reddish brown colorations which showed a good fastness to light, with poor to good fastness to washing, perspiration and sublimation, however it shows poor rubbing fastness.
Ultrasonic Speed and Related Acoustical Parameters of 1,1ʼ‐Binaphthalene‐2,2ʼ‐diyl Diacetate Solutions at 308.15 K
Authors: Adroja Pooja P. , Gami S. P. , Patel J. P. , Parsania P. H.
Published: April 2012

The density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic speed (U) (2 MHz) of chloroform, THF, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 1,4‐dioxane and 1,1ʼ‐binaphthalene‐2,2ʼ‐diyl diacetate (DBNA) solutions have been determined at 308.15 K. Various acoustical parameters namely specific acoustical impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (κa), Van der Waals constant (b), intermolecular path length (Lf), internal pressure (π), Raoʼs molar sound function (R), relaxation time (τ), classical absorption coefficient (α/f2)cl and solvation number (Sn) have been derived from ρ, η and U data and correlated with concentration (C). A fairly good to excellent correlation has been observed between a particular parameter and C. Linear increase of Z, R, b, (α/f2)cl and τ (except EA) (R2 = 0.90 – 0.999) and linear decrease of κs, π and Lf (R2 = 0.947 – 0.995) with C supported existence of powerful molecular interactions in the solutions and further supported by nonlinear increase of Sn with C. A fairly constant Gibbs free energy of activation has been observed in all the solvent systems studied.
Studies in Asymmetric Epoxidation of Chalcone Using Quaternary Salts and Nonionic Surfactants Based on 6‐Amino‐6‐deoxy‐glucose as Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Sharma Subhash Chander , Saroj
Published: April 2012

Quaternary salts and nonionic surfactants based on 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐glucose were explored as chiral phase transfer catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of chalcone. Quaternary salts used in the present study, were void of any branched chain or long hydrocarbon chain, whereas the sugar based nonionic surfactants have a long hexadecyl moiety as tail. It was observed that quaternary salts showed no activity as phase transfer catalysts but sugar based nonionic surfactants acted as chiral phase transfer catalysts. It was also revealed that hydrophilicity of the surfactant favors more yield whereas stereochemistry governs enantioselectivity. (6,6′‐Hexadecylimino) bis(6‐deoxy‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐α-D‐glucofuranose) was found to be the most suitable chiral phase transfer catalyst, resulting asymmetric epoxidation of chalcone with 90% yield and 16.5% enantiomeric excess (ee).
Synthesis of Different Substituted Pyridazinone Derivatives and Their Anticonvulsant Activity
Authors: Samanta Kartick Chandra , Asif Mohd. , Pooja  , Garg Vikas , Sharma Priyanka , Singh Ravinder
Published: April 2012

6‐Phenyl(3᾽‐imino‐benzylidene)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro pyridazin‐3‐one derivatives were synthesized from 6‐(3᾽‐aminophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro pyridazin‐3‐one by reaction with different aldehydes. The respective pyridazinone was prepared by cyclization of appropriate β‐(aminophenyl) propionic acid with hydrazine hydrate. The pyridazinone derivatives were tested for anticonvulsant activity by MES (maximal electro shock) method and found that few of them have shown significant anticonvulsant activity.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from 4‐Phenyl‐2‐aminothiazole and their Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Metal complexes
Authors: Thakar A. S. , Pandya K. S. , Joshi K. T. , Pancholi A. M.
Published: April 2012

Novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes were derived from some hetero cyclic β‐diketones with 4‐phenyl‐2‐aminothiazole. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed their structure by Elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectra, TGA analysis and UV spectra. All the compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity. Spectroscopic measurements suggest that all Schiff base metal complexes are of type ML2.(H2O)2 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) and all the metal complexes shows moderate antibacterial activity in the agar cup assay method.
Application of Set Pair Analysis Method Based on Entropy Weight in Groundwater Quality Assessment ‐A Case Study in Dongsheng City, Northwest China
Authors: Pei-Yue Li , Hui Qian , Jian-Hua Wu
Published: April 2012

Groundwater quality assessment is an essential study which plays important roles in the rational development and utilization of groundwater. Groundwater quality greatly influences the health of local people. However, most traditional water quality comprehensive assessment methods which have complicated formulas are difficult to apply in water quality assessment. In this paper, a novel method for groundwater quality assessment called set pair analysis was introduced and entropy weight was assigned to each index to improve the assessment model. The calculation steps are depicted in the paper and take groundwater quality assessment in Dongsheng City as a case study. The assessment results indicated that groundwater qualities in the study area were relatively good, Set Pair Analysis method, which was an optimal method for groundwater quality assessment and worth promoting, was easy to use and calculation processes which use almost all the relative information were simple, results were reasonable, reliable and intuitive.
Mixing Corrosion of CaCO3 in Natural Waters
Authors: Hui Qian , Peiyue Li
Published: April 2012

The methods of aqueous speciation calculation, pH calculation and the solubility (precipitability) calculation of CaCO3 were used to study the mixing corrosion of CaCO3 in natural waters. Mixing processes were done between two unsaturated (with CaCO3) solutions, two oversaturated solutions and between an unsaturated solution and an oversaturated solution, respectively. Results show that the mixing corrosion can be divided into two different levels: mixing corrosion in strict sense and mixing corrosion in broad sense. When mixing corrosion occurs, the HCO3- concentration in one end member solution is usually higher than that in the other solution, and the Ca2+ concentration in the former solution is also usually higher than that in the latter one.
Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Effect of N‐(l‐Morpholinobenzyl)urea onMild Steel in Acidic Medium
Authors: Sathiq M. Anwar , Nasser A. Jamal Abdul , Sirajudeen P. Mohamed
Published: April 2012

The influence of N‐(l‐morpholinobenzyl)urea (MBU) on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied by weight loss, effect of temperature, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing of MBU concentrations but decreases with increasing temperatures. The adsorption of MBU on the mild steel surface obeyed the Temkin’s adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that MBU acted as a cathodic inhibitor predominantly in hydrochloric acid. This was supported by the impedance measurements which showed a change in the charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance indicating adsorption of MBU on the mild steel surface. Protective film formation against the acid attack is confirmed by SEM.
Design and Enantiopure Synthesis of(R)‐2‐((2‐Oxooxazolidin‐5‐yl)methyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione: A Key Precursor to Build 2‐Oxazolidinone Class of Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Rajesh T. , Reddy P. Suryanarayana , Manidhar M. , Lakshmi M. Vijaya , Madhusudhan G.
Published: April 2012

A new synthetic method for the preparation of high enantiopure (R)‐2‐((2‐oxooxazolidin‐5‐yl)methyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione has been developed. The enantiopurity of the obtained (R)‐2‐((2‐oxooxazolidin‐5‐yl)methyl) isoindoline‐1,3‐dione is established using chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) i.e. enantiomeric excess (ee) as 100%. One among the two proposed approaches, is succeeded in preparing enantiopure targeted chiral building block using (R)‐2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane ((R)‐epichlorohydrin) as precursor. This heterocyclic 2‐oxazolidinone moiety could be useful to prepare a series of antibacterial agents containing 2‐oxazolidinone.
Electroreduction of Cr(III) Ions in Methanesulphonate Solution on Pb Electrode
Authors: Protsenko V. S. , Kityk A. A. , Danilov F. I.
Published: April 2012

The electrochemical reduction of Cr(III) methanesulphonate complexes were investigated on the lead electrode. The Cr(III) electroreduction process proved to be irreversible. The standard rate constants as well as the standard electrode potentials of Cr(III) ions in methanesulphonic acid (MSA) solution are less than those corresponding to the perchlorate electrolytes.
Canine Uterine Leiomyoma with Epithelial Tissue Foci, Adenomyosis, and Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: Karagiannis George S. , Pelekanis Mihalis , Loukopoulos Panayiotis , Ververidis Haris N. , Kaldrymidou Eleni
Published: April 2012

An 11-year-old Labrador Retriever bitch with a history of intermittent, sanguineous vaginal discharge of a six-month duration was presented. During exploratory laparotomy, two well-delineated, intramural masses were identified bilaterally in the uterine horns. Histopathologic examination of the mass on the left horn showed that it was a typical leiomyoma. However, the second mass appeared with an unusual coexistence of histological lesions, involving epithelial tissue foci, mild focal adenomyosis, and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Interestingly, such combination was never encountered before in dogs. Although uterine leiomyoma is quite usual in the reproductive system of female dogs, this case resembled relevant cases of human uterine adenomyomas in morphology, and thus it was offered a similar tentative diagnosis.
HPTLC Method Development and Validation for Determination of Rutin in Flavanoidal Fraction of Hibiscus micranthus Linn.
Authors: Kumar K. Ashok , Shetty S. Ramachandra , Narasu Laxmi
Published: April 2012

A simple, precise and accurate high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method has been established for the determination of rutin in the stem extract of Hibiscus micranthus Linn. A flavonoid fraction of methanolic extract of the stem powder was used for the experimental work. Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with n‐butanol: acetic acid: water: ammonia 3:1:1:1(v/v), as mobile phase. The determination was carried out using the densitometric absorbance mode at 286 nm. Rutin response was linear over the range 50–400 ng/μL. The concentration of rutin in the flavanoidal fraction was found to be 9.93%. The HPTLC method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility.
Removal of Direct Yellow‐12 Dye from Water by Adsorption on Activated Carbon Prepared from Ficus Racemosa L.
Authors: Revathi G. , Ramalingam S. , Subramaniam P. , Ganapathi A.
Published: April 2012

The adsorption of direct yellow‐12 dye (DY‐12) by Atti leaf (Ficus racemosa) powder carbon (ATC) was carried out by varying the parameters such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature. Equilibrium adsorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption followed second‐order kinetics. The adsorption capacity was found to be 6.7 mg dye per gram of the adsorbent. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of DY‐12. Desorption studies suggest that chemisorptions might be the major mode of adsorption.
Development and Validation of a HPLC Method for Determination of Anastrozole in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Kumar D. Sathis , Harani A. , Sridhar D. , Banji David , Rao Knv , Guruviah  , Aran Yogesw
Published: April 2012

A simple, economic, accurate reverse phase isocratic HPLC method was developed for the quantitation of anastrozole in tablet dosage form. The quantification was carried out using Gracesmart RP18, 5 μ (100 mmx4.6 mm) with UV detected at 215 nm. The elution was achieved isocratically with a mobile phase comprising a mixture of buffer (pH 6.0) and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min The procedure was validated as per ICH rules for Accuracy, Precision, Detection limit, Linearity, Reproducibility and Quantitation limit. The linearity concentration range was 10‐20 mcg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9935. The percentage recovery for Anastrozole was found to be 97.31±2.2%. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were found to be 0.351 mcg/mL and 1.053 mcg/mL. The method has been successfully used to analyze commercial solid dosage containing 1mg of anastrozole with good recoveries and proved to be robust.