bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Induced Cerebral Edema Complicating Small Chronic Subdural Hematoma/Hygroma/ at Zewuditu Memorial Hospital: A Case Report
Authors: Shiferaw Mestet Yibeltal , T/Mariam Tsegazeab Laeke , Aklilu Abenezer Tirsit , Akililu Yemisirach Bizuneh , Worku Bethelhem Yishak
Published: November 2021

BackgroundWhile both DKA & CSDH/subdural hygroma/ are known to cause significant morbidity and mortality, there is no a study that shows the role & effect of DKA on CSDH/subdural hygroma/ & vice versa to authors’ best knowledge; hence this work will show how important relation does exist between DKA & CSDH/ hygroma.Case summaryThis study highlights the diagnostic & management challenges seen for a case of a 44 years old female black Ethiopian woman admitted with a diagnosis of newly diagnosed type 1 DM with DKA + small CSDH/subdural hygroma/ after she presented with sever global headache and a 3 month history of lost to her work. She needed burrhole & evacuation for complete clinical improvement besides DKA’s medical treatment.ConclusionDKA induced cerebral edema on the CSDH/subdural hematoma/ can have a role in altering any of the parameters (except the thickness of CSDH) for surgical indication of patients with a diagnosis of both CSDH +DM with DKA. Hence, the treating physicians should be vigilant of different parameters that suggests tight brain &/ cerebral edema (including midline shift, the status of cisterns, fissures & sulci) and should not be deceived of the thickness of the CSDH/subdural hygroma/alone; especially when there is a disproportionately tight brain for the degree of collection. Whether DKA induced cerebral edema causes a subdural hygroma is unknown and needs further study.
The Fire Resistance Performance of Concrete Columns with Different Compressive Strength
Authors: Atea Rafid Saeed
Published: November 2021

Four full concrete columns have been created Tested below high temperature for The fire resistance of concrete elements in concrete with particular compressive strengths. The standard concrete with compressive strength values of C25 were made of one of the four specimens, while the rest were made of C35, C60 and C75 respectively, respectively. During simulation of Within the laboratory furnace, the same For the specimens, axial forces were applied. Many experimental outcomes parameters were evaluated in contrast, including temperature changes, Vertical moving, side deflection, fire resistance and Failed properties of the specimen. The results have shown a rise in the compressive strength of the concrete for the concrete columns from the outside up to the inside of the column. Of columns of the the same cross section of the lower compressive forces of concrete display better fire resistance efficiency with the same initial axial strength ratio. The C35, C60 and C75 columns' fire resistance is higher than standard concrete columns. The initial and secant rigidity of the columns of Reinforced concrete ( RC) has also The percentage decreased dramatically after fire exposure and the temperature increased from 25 to 750 ° C.
Integrated Interpretation of pXRF Data on Ancient Nephrite Artifacts Excavated from Tomb No.1 in Yuehe Town, Henan Province, China
Authors: Chen Dian , Yang Yimin , Qiao Baotong , Li Jingpu , Luo Wugan
Published: November 2021

Previous studies of ancient jade using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) have mostly focused on mineral identification, alteration status and provenance determination. It is usually used as an auxiliary instrument for spectroscopic detection with finer resolution. However, there is no substitute for the efficiency and stability of pXRF in-situ non-destructive analysis, which is less affected by the test environment. The scale of the data from the pXRF analysis did not allow for a more in-depth interpretation of ancient jade in the past. In this study, pXRF has been carried out for a total of 112 pieces of nephrite artifacts unearthed from the Yuehe tomb No.1 in Nanyang City, Henan Province, Central China. Certain patterns become clearer as the size of the data increases. The coefficient of variation, cluster analysis and correlation analysis can be used to separate elements into different assemblages, revealing whether the elements are from the primary and impurity minerals of nephrite itself, from the burial microenvironment in the soil, or even from other specific sources. In addition, most of the secondary whitening occurring in the batch of nephrite are accompanied by an increase in Ca content, confirming the previously refuted theory of calcification. More importantly, the principal component analysis of the twin nephrite artifacts suggests visually indistinguishable elemental changes caused by secondary changes, which may lead to misjudgment of ancient nephrite provenance using elemental data.
Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on Providing End-Of-Life Psychiatric Care Between Cardiovascular and Oncological Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Ichikura Kanako , Matsuoka Shiho , Chiba Hiroki , Ishida Hina , Fukase Yuko , Murase Hanako , Tagaya Hirokuni , Takeuchi Takashi , Matsushima Eisuke
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Psychological distress is a serious problem for patients with heart disease or cancer at the end of life. The aim of this study was to compare the barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care in cardiovascular compared to oncological settings.
Methods
In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in Japan, we mailed questionnaires to physicians and nurses in 347 oncological and 427 cardiovascular hospitals in March 2018 to assess health care providers’ perspectives. First, we applied the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale and assessed end-of-life psychiatric care difficulties. Second, we asked about barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care in free description.
Results
A total of 224 oncological and 213 cardiovascular hospitals responded to the questionnaires. The mean scores of palliative and end-of-life psychiatric care difficulties showed no significant differences between oncological and cardiovascular hospitals. Eight barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care were identified and were based on patients’ personal, interfamilial, clinicians’ personal, clinician-patient communication, end-of-life care, psychiatric care, systematic or environmental, and disease-specific problems. In addition, health care providers in cardiovascular hospitals were found to have a significantly higher rate of disease-specific issues compared with oncological hospitals.
Conclusion
Both oncological and cardiovascular physicians and nurses have similar difficulties in providing end-of-life psychiatric care. However, health care providers of cardiovascular hospitals particularly experience heart disease-specific problems, such as unpredictability of prognosis or insufficiency of guideline development.
Unravelling the Ameliorative Effects of Probiotics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Dongsong , Xu Qin , Zhang Feng , Cao Hong , Wang Xuesong
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Hippocampal Activated Microglia May Contribute to Blood-brain Barrier Impairment and Cognitive Dysfunction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-like Rats
Authors: Ni Kun , Zhu Jixiang , Xu Xuan , Liu Yue , Yang Shuai , Huang Yulin , Xu Rui , Jiang Li , Zhang Juan , Zhang Wei , Ma Zhengliang
Published: November 2021

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated cognitive dysfunction significantly disturbs patients’ quality of life and will-to-live. However, its underlying mechanism is as yet unknown. Recent researches indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is responsible for early cognitive dysfunction. Microglia might participate in remodeling of BBB-associated tight junction and regulating BBB integrity. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether microglia activation and BBB injury involve in PTSD-associated cognitive dysfunction. Hence, we established an animal model of PTSD, single prolonged stress (SPS) and investigated permeability changes in the hippocampus, and further explored the effects of microglia on BBB remodeling. The Y maze was used to assess the changes of cognitive function. The sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) assay and western blotting analysis were employed to detect BBB integrity changes. Minocycline was administrated to inhibit microglial activation. Immunofluorescence stains were used to assess the activation states in microglia. The results showed that SPS exposed rats exhibited poorer cognitive performance, higher passage of NaFlu, and lower expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin 5) in the hippocampus on the day after SPS, but no difference on the 7th day. Inhibition of microglial activation by minocycline attenuated poor cognitive performance and BBB impairment including the extravasation of NaFlu and protein levels of the tight junction. Taken together, the present study indicates that BBB impairment may underlie the shared pathological basis of PTSD and cognitive dysfunction. Microglial activation may involve in BBB remodeling at the early stage of SPS.
Left Ventricular Systolic Motion Pattern Differs Among Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block Patterns
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Yanjuan , Xu Di , Chen Chun , Miao Changqing , Tang Huan , Ge Beibei , Shen Yan , Yao Jing
Published: November 2021

Purpose:The study aimed to investigate left ventricular (LV) motion pattern in patients with LBBB patterns including patients with pacemaker rhythm (PM), type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (B-WPW), premature ventricular complexes originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT-PVC), and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB).Methods: Two-dimensional speckle tracking was used to evaluate peak value and time to peak value of the LV twist, LV apex rotation, and LV base rotation in patients with PM, B-WPW, RVOT-PVC, and CLBBB with normal LV ejection fraction, and in age-matched control subjects.Results: The LV motion patterns were altered in all patients compared to the control groups. Patients with PM and CLBBB had a similar LV motion pattern with a reduced peak value of LV apex rotation and LV twist. Patients with B-WPW demonstrated the opposite trend in the reduction of LV rotation peak value, which was more dominant in the basal layer. The most impairment in the LV twist/rotation peak value was identified in patients with RVOT-PVC. Compared to the control group, the apical-basal rotation delay was prolonged in patients with CLBBB, followed by those with B-WPW, RVAP, and RVOT-PVC.Conclusion: The LV motion patterns were different among patients with different patterns of LBBB. CLBBB and PM demonstrated a reduction in LV twist/rotation that was pronounced in the apical layer, B-WPW showed a reduction in the basal layer, and RVOT-PVC in both layers. CLBBB had the most pronounced LV apical-basal rotation dyssynchrony.
Early vascular healing of ultra-thin strut polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome: USUI-ACS study
Authors: Matsuhiro Yutaka , Egami Yasuyuki , Okamoto Naotaka , Kusuda Masaya , Sakio Takashige , Nohara Hiroaki , Sugae Hiroki , Kawanami Shodai , Kawamura Akito , Ukita Kohei , Nakamura Hitoshi , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Matsunaga Yasuharu Lee , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun
Published: November 2021

Purpose:Ultra-thin strut polymer-free sirolimus eluting stent (UPF-SES) have two novel characteristics, ultra-thin strut and polymer-free coating, which have the potential to achieve early re-endotherialization. However, a little is known whether early vascular healing of UPF-SES can be achieved in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascular healing after an implantation of UPF-SES in patients with ACS using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3 months after the stent implantation. Methods:From September 2020 and January 2021, a total of 31 consecutive patients presenting with ACS who underwent OCT examinations at the initial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 3-month follow-up were enrolled in the USUI-ACS study. The endpoints of this study were neointimal strut coverage, malapposition, and mean neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness at 3-month follow-up.Results:Over a mean follow-up of 91 days after the initial PCI, the follow-up OCT was examined. The median percentage of covered struts was 98.4% and malapposed struts 0%, and the mean NIH thickness was 60μm.Conclusions:UPF-SES exhibited an excellent early vascular healing at 3-months in patients with ACS.
Metastatic Signet-Ring-Cell Carcinoma of Bladder From Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Found By CT: A Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Jin Xiaoxiang , Tang Haibin , Chen Hualin , Chen Gang
Published: November 2021

Background: Secondary bladder tumors are relatively rare in all bladder tumors, while bladder metastases from breast cancer were rarely reported. And interestingly, signet-ring differentiation may appear in metastases from a breast invasive lobular carcinoma regardless of whether or not the primary breast tumor had signet-ring cells, which may cause diagnostic uncertainty.Case presentation: We report a case of a 55-year-old female patient with diffuse bladder thickening as the chief complaint. There was no special clinical manifestation, while cystoscopy showed multiple scattered red protuberances and the biopsy suggested signet-ring-cell carcinoma. Result of gastroscopy suggested poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signed-ring cells. Considering the patient's previous history of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, chronic myeloid leukemia and metastatic endometrial carcinoma from the breast, we performed the immunohistochemistry and the results indicated that signet-ring-cell carcinomas of the stomach and bladder originated from the breast invasive lobular carcinoma. we performed Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) and the results showed that there were multiple bone metastases already.Conclusion: This is the first English case report of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast metastasizing to uterus, stomach, bladder and bones with multiple signet-ring-cell variations. We also focus on the Computed Tomography (CT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and cystoscopy findings and share the clinical diagnosis ideas summarized by this case.
Elimination of Interionic Hydrogen Bonding in The Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chaban Vitaly
Published: November 2021

Hydrogen bonding is a phenomenon of paramount importance in room-temperature ionic liquids. The presence or absence of the hydrogen bond drastically alternates self-diffusion, shear viscosity, phase transition points, and other key properties of a pure substance. For certain applications, the presence of cation-anion hydrogen bonding is undesirable. In the present paper, we investigate perspectives of removing the hydrogen...fluorine interionic attraction in the imidazolium borates, the strongest non-covalent interaction in this type of system. Chemical modification of the tetrafluoroborate anion not only eliminates hydrogen bonding but also changes the most thermodynamically preferable orientation of the cation in the vicinity of the anion. Although the most acidic hydrogen atom of the imidazole ring remains the paramount electrophilic center of the cation, it does not engender a strong electrostatically driven coordination pattern with the properly modified anions. The reported new physical insights help compose more robust ionic liquids and tune solvation properties of the imidazolium-based RTILs.
14-3-3 Gene of Zostera Japonica ZjGRF1 Participates in Gibberellin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Siting , Qiu Guanglong
Published: November 2021

Background Zostera japonica (Z. japonica) is a unique seagrass species in Asia, which has important ecological value. Gibberellin is an important plant hormone, which plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, including seed longevity, seed germination, anti-aging, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, reproductive organ development and abiotic stress. However, the role of 14-3-3 gene of Z. japonica in GA signaling pathway is still unclear. Methods and results Here, we found that the gibberellin content of Arabidopsis overexpressing ZjGRF1, 14-3-3 gene of Z. japonica, is lower than that of wild type (WT), and the expression of gibberellin synthesis genes is lower than that of WT. The expression level of gibberellin receptors in transgenic ZjGRF1 Arabidopsis was lower than that in WT. The expression level of GA response genes EXP8 in transgenic ZjGRF1 Arabidopsis was lower than that in WT, and the expression levels of PRE1, PRE5 and SCL3 were higher than that in WT. Transgenic ZjGRF1 Arabidopsis is insensitive to paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of gibberellin synthesis. The expression level of flowering regulatory genes in transgenic ZjGRF1 Arabidopsis was lower than that in WT. Conclusion This is the first report on the function of 14-3-3 gene family in seagrass. Our findings can be further utilized in future studies on regulation of 14-3-3 gene on plant development.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mauri Fabio , Cottler-Casanova Sara , Cavassini Matthias , Stoeckle Marcel , Wandeler Gilles , Schmid Patrick , Braun Dominique L , Scherrer Alexandra , Bernasconi Enos , Calmy Alexandra , Abdulcadir Jasmine
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFemale genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is the practice of partial or total removal or injury of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It has been documented in at least 30 countries and, as a result of migration, in high-income countries too. FGM/C causes various negative health complications, and may increase the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Our study aims to generate descriptive statistics about FGM/C among HIV positive migrant women included in the Swiss HIV cohort study (SHCS).MethodsThe Swiss HIV Cohort study (www.SHCS.ch) is a national, prospective cohort study with ongoing community and hospital enrolment of HIV-positive individuals in Switzerland. Two questions on history of FGM/C and previous discussion about it with a healthcare professional were administered by treating infectious disease specialists during the 6-monthly routine visits occurring between June and December 2019. We included all women aged above 18 years, born in one of the 30 countries where FGM/C is prevalent, in care for an HIV-infection and recorded in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.ResultsOur findings show that FMG/C is common (21%) in the SHCS female population originating from Africa. Such data may be largely underestimated given the 33.6% of non-respondents. The vast majority (70%) of the women reporting to have been cut had never discussed FGM/C with a health professional before the study.Conclusions FMG/C is common in the SHCS female population originating from Africa, but often overlooked by health professionals working with this population. FGM/C screening, diagnosis, care and prevention could be improved significantly through training and information.Trial registration: Not Applicable
Developmental brain structural atypicalities in autism: A voxel-based morphometry analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Ma Zeng-Hui , Xu Ling-Zi , Yang Liu , Ji Zhao-Zheng , Tang Xin-Zhou , Liu Jing-Ran , Li Xue , Cao Qing-Jiu , Liu Jing
Published: November 2021

Background
Accumulating structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) studies have showed atypicalities in developmental changes of structural regional brain in autism, with largely inconsistent results.
Methods
The current study investigated the brain structural abnormal features of autistic individuals aged 6~30 years. We included 52 autism individuals and 50 age, gender, and IQ matched typically developing individuals (TD), who were divided into three groups: childhood (6-12 years old), adolescent (13-18 years old) and adulthood (19-30 years old). Whole brain volume and Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses were employed on the sMRI data collected from our participants.
Results
We found no significant difference in the volume of whole brain, gray matter and white matter between autism and TD groups of the three age groups. For VBM analyses, the volumes of gray matter in right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in children autism group were smaller than those in TD group; the volume of gray matter in left inferior parietal lobule in adolescent autism group was larger than that in TD group; the volume of gray matter in right middle occipital gyrus in adult autism group was larger than that in TD group, and the gray matter in left posterior cingulate gyrus was smaller than that in TD group.
Conclusions
Findings suggest autism individuals showed different atypical brain regions of gray matter volume in childhood, adolescent, and adulthood relative to their normal peers respectively, indiciating that it is essential to take developmental perspectives into consideration when exploring brain structural abnormalities in autism.
Rice Husk-Derived Mesoporous Silica Nanostructure for Supercapacitors Application: A Possible Approach for Recycling Bio-Waste into a Value-Added Product
Authors: Araichimani P. , Prabu K.M. , Kumar G. Suresh , Karunakaran Gopalu , Surendhiran S. , Shkir Mohd.
Published: November 2021

We synthesized mesoporous SiO2 nanomatrix using rice husks as a precursor through a facile thermal combustion process. XRD, FTIR, EDX, and TEM analyses were used to validate the produced mesoporous SiO2 nanomatrix. Electrochemical measurements were used to determine the specific capacitance of mesoporous SiO2 nanomatrix, and the results showed that the specific capacitances are 216, 204, 182, 163, 152, 142, 135, 133, 124.4, 124 F/g at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 A/g. The benefit of impurities, as well as the large surface area and mesoporous structure of rice husk derived SiO2 nanostructures, allow Faradaic redox reactions at the electrode surface and the resulting supercapacitive behavior. This research might lead to a low-cost technique of producing supercapacitor electrodes using rice husk-derived SiO2 as a precursor.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic universal prevention program for both internalizing and externalizing problems in children: Two feasibility studies
Authors: Kishida Kohei , Hida Noriko , Ishikawa Shin-ichi
Published: November 2021

Background
The present study examined the effectiveness of the Universal Unified Prevention Program for Diverse Disorders (Up2-D2) for internalizing and externalizing problems for children aged 9−11 years.
Methods
We used two feasibility studies. The Up2-D2 entailed 12 sessions delivered by teachers; each session was developed based on cognitive-behavioral and positive psychological interventions. In Studies 1 and 2, 58 elementary school children aged 9−11 and 73 elementary school children aged 10−11 attended the Up2-D2. The teachers in Study 1 received 1.5 hours of on-site teacher training for learning rationales for interventions, how to run the program, and received ongoing supervision by professionals with mental health expertise. In contrast, the teachers in Study 2 were given self-learning DVD materials in place of on-site training and ongoing supervision.
Results
Mixed models revealed that general difficulties, which is total score of both internalizing and externalizing problems, decreased in Study 1 but not in Study 2. Additional analyses for children with subclinical general difficulties revealed that general difficulties, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems decreased in Study 1, whereas in Study 2, general difficulties and internalizing problems decreased, except for externalizing problems.
Conclusions
These results suggest that on-site teacher training and ongoing supervision are imperative for improving general difficulties in children at a universal level. In addition, universal preventive interventions by classroom teachers without on-site training and continuous supervision might be efficacious for reducing general difficulties and internalizing problems for children with subclinical difficulties.
Comparison of Retention and Fracture Load of Endocrowns Made from Zirconia and Zirconium Lithium Silicate After Aging: An in-Vitro Study
Authors: Sahebi Majid , Ghodsi Safoura , Berahman Parsia , Amini Amirhesam , Zeighami Somayeh
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to compare retention and fracture load in endocrowns made from zirconium lithium silicate and translucent zirconia.Methods: Fifty-six intact human maxillary molars after being mounted in acrylic resin, were scanned to acquire biogeneric copies. Specimens underwent standard endodontic treatment and were prepared for endocrown up to 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 28 and endocrowns were designed using biogeneric copies and milled from high-translucent zirconia disks (Zr) and zirconium lithium silicate blocks (ZLS). After cementation with dual cure resin cement, all the specimens underwent thermomechanical aging and pull-out retention test and compressive test were conducted (14 specimens were used for each test in each group, n=14) and failure modes in both tests were evaluated.Results: Independent samples t-test showed significant difference between the retention of Zr (271.5 N ±114.31) and ZLS (654.67 N ±223.17) groups (p value = 0.012). Compressive test results were also significantly different between Zr (7395.07 N ±1947.42) and ZLS (1618.3 N ±585) (p = 0.002). Failure mode of retention test was primarily adhesive failure at the cement-restoration interface in Zr group and cement-tooth interface in ZLS group. Failure modes of fracture test for Zr group were 7 non-restorable fractures and one restorable fracture while 6 specimens resisted compressive loads up to 8500 N without fracture. ZLS group showed 7 restorable and 7 non-restorable failures.Conclusions: Zr endocrowns showed significantly lower retention and higher fracture strength. Both materials seem to be suitable for fabrication of endocrown in clinical setup.
SARS-CoV-2 as a Trigger in the Development of Tourette’s-Like Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Hazan Sabine , Jordan Sheldon
Published: November 2021

Background: Reports have been surfacing surrounding CNS-associated symptoms in individuals affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder with usual onset in childhood. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The authors of this case report describe Tourette’s-like symptoms in a patient resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disrupting gut microbiota. Case Presentation: This case involves a 16-year-old female that developed acute onset Tourette’s-like symptoms along with neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to and infection from SARS-CoV-2. The patient had negative nasopharyngeal (NP) real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 on five occasions from August of 2020 through June of 2021. The patient’s symptoms continued to worsen over the next six months until next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed SARS-CoV-2 in her stool. Her treatment was adjusted as NGS revealed SARS-CoV-2 in her stool. Repair of the gastrointestinal microbiota, treatment with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents, as well as alterations in her surroundings resulted in dramatic improvement in the microbiome and a significant reduction of symptoms.Discussion: The use of (RT-PCR) testing to determine the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 may be inadequate and inaccurate for individuals that have been exposed to the virus. In addition, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the GI tract may cause significant havoc in the gut microbiota. Additional testing, eradication of infectious agents, as well as restoration of the gut microbiome are needed to effectively manage and treat this condition. The patient’s symptoms worsened over the next six months until next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed SARS-CoV-2 in her stool and her treatment was adjusted. Treatment with nutraceuticals and alterations in her surroundings was followed by a more normal microbiome and a dramatic reduction in symptoms.
Twenty-First Century Drought Analysis Across China using CMIP6 Under Climate Change
Authors: Zhang Gengxi , Gan Thian Yew , Su Xiaoling
Published: November 2021

Under global warming, according to results obtained from offline drought indices driven by projections of general circulation models (GCMs), future droughts in China will worsen but the results are not consistent. We analyzed changes in droughts covering the entire hydrologic cycle using outputs of GCMs of the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios, and compared the results with that of popular, offline drought indices (the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Precipitation Actual Evapotranspiration Index (SPAEI)). Among meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought indices tested under both SSP scenarios, the results obtained from SPAEI and scPDSI agree better with univariate drought indices than SPEI. scPDSI generally agrees well with agricultural droughts (Standardized Soil Moisture Index with the surface soil moisture content; SSIS). Future droughts estimated using soil moisture analysis are more widespread than that from precipitation and runoff analysis in humid regions of South China by the end of the 21st century. In arid northwestern China and Inner Mongolia, drought areas and severity based on scPDSI and SSIS forced with the SSP scenarios show obvious decreasing trends, in contrast to increasing trends projected in humid regions. Trends projected using SPEI contradict those projected by other drought indices in non-humid regions. Therefore, selecting appropriate drought indices are crucial in project representative future droughts and meaningful information needed to achieve effective regional drought mitigation strategies under climate warming impact.
Fast and Effective Catalytic Degradation of an Organic Dye by Eco-friendly Capped ZnS and Mn doped ZnS nanocrystals
Authors: Ouni Sabri , Mohamed Naim Bel Haj , Chaaben Noureddine , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrian , Haouari Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Undoped and Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals encapsulated with thioglycolic acid were synthetized and characterized with different techniques, and finally tested in the photodegradation of a methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV and sunlight irradiations. FTIR and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the functionalization of these nanocrystals surface by thioglycolic acid and the formation of crystalline structures of ZnS and Mn-doped ZnS with cubic and hexagonal phases. Calculated average size of ZnS nanocrystals was in the range of 2 - 3 nm. It was observed a blue shift of the absorbance threshold and the estimated bandgap energies were higher than that of Bulk ZnS thus confirming the quantum confinement effect of charge carriers. Photoluminescence spectra of ZnS nanocrystals exhibited emission in the range of 410- 490 nm and the appearance of an additional emission band around 580 nm (2.13eV) connected to the 4𝑇1→ 6𝐴1 transition of the Mn2+ions. Photodegradation of methylene orange with undoped and Mn-doped ZnS-TGA nanocrystals was investigated. Dye adsorption prior to photocatalysis using nanocrystals was studied via kinetic experiments and statistical physics models. The maximum dye adsorption capacity on doped ZnS-TGA was ~ 26.98 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.According to the statistical physics results, the calculated adsorption energy was 22.47-23.47 kJ/mol and it showed that the dye adsorption was associated to the hydrogen interaction where the removal process was feasible and multi-molecular. The photocatalytic activity of undoped ZnS nanoparticles under UV irradiation showed better efficiency than doped nanocrystals thus indicating that manganese doping generated a dropping of the photocatalytic degradation of the dye. Dye degradation efficiency of 81.37% using ZnS-TGA nanocrystals was achieved after 6 min, which indicated that ZnMnS-TGA nanocrystals may be considered as an alternative low cost and environmental friendly material for facing water pollution caused by organic compounds via photodegradation processes.
Effectiveness of Herb-partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel for Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Recurrent Implantation Failure Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xia Qingchang , Gao Shuzhong , Song Jingyan , Du Dongqing , Li Chunjing , Zhou Yue , Zhang Xiaobin , Dong Zhibin , Ma Yuning , Ma Yuxia
Published: November 2021

BackgroundRecurrent implantation failure (RIF) in the majority of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is caused by various factors such as maternal age, embryo quality, endometrial receptivity (ER) and immunity. The incidence of RIF is usually between 5and 10%. Previous studies have shown that herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel is one of the treatment methods of acupuncture with a positive effect on pregnancy. However, its application in the treatment of RIF has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel in improving the outcome of frozen embryo transfer (FET) in patients with RIF. MethodsThis study conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT). It is planned to recruit 210 patients undergoing RIF for FET from Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and randomly divide them into the treatment group and the control group in a ratio of 1:1. The patient of the treatment group will be treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel once a week for three consecutive menstrual cycles. During the fourth menstrual cycle, will be induced to prepare the endometrium before embryo transfer. No intervention will be used in the control group for 3 menstrual cycles. However, in the fourth menstrual cycle, an artificial cycle will be induced to prepare the endometrium before embryo transfer. The conception outcome will be recorded after a 3-months follow-up. Primary outcome will be assessed as the ongoing pregnancy rate compared with the control group. Secondary outcomes include the endometrial type, resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) of the bilateral uterine artery, endometrial blood flow, serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), biochemical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate. DiscussionIf the results confirm that the herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel can improve IVF-ET outcomes in patients with RIF, it will be recommended for application in clinical practice.Trial registration:Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR). Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100043954. Registered on 8 July 2021.
Aerobic Exercise Inhibited P2X7 Purinergic Receptors to Improve Cardiac Remodeling in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Jianmin , Li Hui , Zhong Xin , Wang Luya , Zhao Shuyu , Liu Xuesheng , Huang Zhouqing , Wang Yonghua
Published: November 2021

Background

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), the main complication of diabetes mellitus, presents as cardiac dysfunction by ventricular remodeling. In addition, the inhibition of P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7R) alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in Type 1 diatebes. However, whether exercise training improves cardiac remodeling by regulating P2X7R remains unknown.
Methods

Db/db mice spontaneously induced with type 2 diabetes and high-fat diet (HFD) and mice with streptozotin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mice were treated by 12-week treadmill training. Cardiac functions were observed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy were respectively used to detect cardiac morphology, fibrosis and mitochondria. In addidion, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels.
Results

Studying the hearts of db/db mice and STZ-induced mice, we found that collagen deposition and the number of disordered cells signiଁcantly increased compared with the control group. However, exercise markedly reversed these changes, and the same tendency was observed in the expression of MMP9, COL-I, and TGF-β, which indicated cardiac fibrotic and hypertrophic markers, including ANP and MyHC expression. In addition, the increased Caspase-3 level and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 were reduced by exercise training, and similar results were observed in the TUNEL test. Notably, the expression of P2X7R was greatly upregulated in the hearts of db/db mice and HFD+STZ-induced DM mice and downregulated by aerobic exercise. Moreover, we indicated that P2X7R knock out signiଁcantly reduced the collagen deposition and disordered cells in the DM group. Furthermore, the apoptosis levels and TUNEL analysis were greatly inhibited by exercise or in the P2X7R−/− group in DM. We found significant differences between the P2X7R−/−+DM+EX group and DM+EX group in myocardial tissue apoptosis and fibrosis, in which the former is significantly milder. Moreover, compared with the P2X7R−/−+DM group, the P2X7R−/−+DM+EX group represented a lower level of cardiac fibrosis. The expression levels of TGF-β at the protein level and TGF-β and ANP at the genetic level were evidently decreased in the P2X7R−/−+DM+EX group.
Conclusion

Aerobic exercise reversed cardiac remodeling in diabetic mice at least partly through inhibiting P2X7R expression in cardiomyocytes.
Synthesis of Drugs and Biorelevant N-heterocycles Employing Recent Advances in C-N Bond Formation
Authors: Sofi Firdoos Ahmad , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: November 2021

C-N bond formation is a particularly important step in the generation of many
biologically relevant heterocyclic molecules. Several methods have been reported for this
purpose over the past few decades. Well-known named reactions like Ullmann-Goldberg
coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and Chan-Lam coupling are associated with the C-N
bond formation reactions. Several reviews covering this topic have already been published.
However, no comprehensive review covering the synthesis of drugs/ lead compounds using
the C-N bond formation reactions was reported. In this review, we cover many modern
methods of the C-N bond formation reactions, with special emphasis on metal-free and
green chemistry methods. We also report specific strategies adopted for the synthesis of
drugs, which involve the C-N bond formation reactions. Examples include anti-cancer,
antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-histaminic, antibiotics, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic,
antiepileptic and anti-diabetic agents. Many recently developed lead compounds generated using the C-N bond
formation reactions are also covered in this review. Examples include MAP kinase inhibitors, TRKs inhibitors,
Polo-like Kinase inhibitors and MPS1 inhibitors.
Phytochemicals as Potential Curative Agents against Viral Infection: A Review
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Singh Anil Kumar , Tripathi Garima
Published: November 2021

The present pandemic erupted due to highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-
2, and lack of any efficient therapy to restrain its infection and treatment, led the scientific
community to re-evaluate the efficacy of commonly available phytochemicals as potential
therapeutic agents. The vast pharmacological activities and medicinal significance of the
plant-derived natural products against a diverse range of physiological disorders and diseases
are well documented. Under the current health emergency across the world, there is an
urgent requirement of repurposing of the available FDA approved drugs and natural products
which could help in controlling the infections and alleviating the severity of the diseases
as discovering entirely new chemical entity as a novel drug would be a protracted and
costly journey. Some of the phytochemicals have already displayed potential anti-viral
activity against different targets of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present review would provide an account of the
prevalent phytochemicals with antiviral activities, which would help in the development of promising drug therapy
for the treatment of COVID-19 and similar such highly infectious viruses.
Vaccinations in Infants Born Preterm: An Update
Authors: Sioriki Areti Aphrodite , Gkentzi Despoina , Papadimitriou Evangelia , Dimitriou Gabriel , Karatza Ageliki
Published: November 2021

Infants born prematurely (before completion of 37 weeks of gestation) are at increased
risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases, mostly because of their immunological
immaturity and failure of transfer of maternal protective antibodies. Despite their great
need of being vaccinated, concerns on vaccine safety and efficacy, constitute the main reasons for
which vaccinations are often delayed in this group. In this review we summarize the latest evidence
on vaccine safety, efficacy and immunogenicity in preterm infants which is similar to full-term infants.
Therefore there is no reason for delaying vaccination in this population.
The Effect of Earmuffs on Physiological Parameters in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ozdemir Serap , Balci Serap
Published: November 2021

Noise may cause stress responses such as apnea, hypoxemia, changes in oxygen saturation
and augmented oxygen consumption secondary to elevated heart and respiratory rates. Moreover,
stress results in increased intracranial pressure, abnormal sleep patterns, hearing impairment,
and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular
leukomalacia, retardate development and alterations in the neuroendocrine system. Herein,
this study aimed to discuss the effects of earmuffs on physiological parameters in preterm infants.

The relevant and available peer-reviewed publications from 2012 to 2018 from various databases
were analyzed. For the assessment of the studies, the full-text accessible studies were included for
analysis. The retrieved documents were analyzed using VOSviewer regarding the geographical distributions
of the documents with their numbers and citations, keywords proposed by the researchers.
All records with the term “earmuffs OR earmuff” in the “article title, abstract, keywords” were
retrieved from different databases. Accordingly, 396 documents containing the word “earmuffs OR
earmuff” were recorded. The search was then restricted for publications that contain the words
“noise AND nursing AND preterm” in the title and abstracts (TITLE-ABS-KEY (earmuffs OR earmuff))
AND (noise AND nursing AND preterm) (Scopus=390; Web of Science=1, Medline=2;
Cochrane=1; Embase=1= Pubmed=1=n=396). After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 documents
were recorded and then evaluated for the present study.

As a conclusion, the effects of earmuffs on physiological parameters of preterm infants have not
been clearly understood and reported yet. Along with the present documents, it is not clear that the
use of earmuffs reduces stress and provides physiological stability in preterm infants born between
approximately 28-32 weeks. The studies with a larger sample size are needed for validation of information
reported in the articles analyzed herein.
Teacher as a media figure in modern higher education
Authors: Poplavskyi Mykhailo M.
Published: November 2021

This study discusses the issues of evaluating a teacher as a media figure in modern higher education within the framework of a competence-based approach to perform this evaluation. The relevance of the subject matter is determined by the importance of media education problems in the development of modern pedagogy and the need to find effective ways to resolve the issues of evaluating the teacher’s role as a media figure considering their place in the system of modern higher education. The prospects for further research on this subject are determined by the importance of the proper development of the media educational space in a modern university, considering the acute need of society for a media-competent teacher, as well as the importance of a proper evaluation of the teacher’s role as a media figure in this process. The practical value of this study lies in the possibility of practical application of its results to develop an objective outlook on the evaluation of the teacher’s role and functions as a media figure in modern higher education.
Online Learning: The Role Of Academic Self-Efficacy In Creating Academic Flow
Authors: Pantu Eka Apristian
Published: November 2021

The spread of Covid-19 encourages educational institution to maximize online learning. Online learning can work well if students are able to focus on learning. The ability to focus on learning is known as academic flow. This study aims to explain effect of academic self-efficacy on flow academic in online learning. This research involve 296 participants who were selected by incidental sampling. The instruments used in this research are self-efficacy scale and flow short scale which were analyzed by using linear regression techniques. The results shows that academic self-efficacy have a significant effect on academic flow (β=0,609; p=<0,001). This means that any increase in academic self-efficacy will have an impact on an increase in academic flow.
Brand Authenticity as a Mediator of Relationship Between Self-Congruity and Consumer Loyalty
Authors: Hidayat Susilo , Setiawati Farida Agus
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the effect of brand authenticity as a mediator of self-congruity relationships on coffee shops consumer loyalty. Data obtained by cross-sectional method with convenience/accidental sampling through an online survey platform. Four hundred thirty responses (44.4% male) were collected from consumers of various brands of coffee shops located in DIY. The mediation effect hypothesis was tested using a bootstrapping approach and additional analysis of the causal step approach using the Sobel test. Self-congruity and brand authenticity have a positive effect on brand loyalty. There is a partial mediating effect produced by brand authenticity on the relationship between self-congruity and brand loyalty. Consumers' consideration to be loyal to the brand is not only based on the suitability of their self-concept with the brand image/brand users image (self-congruity), but also the brand's authenticity.
Одномерное квазилинейное уравнение для описания генерации токов увлечения в плазме токамака геликонами
Authors: Попов А.Ю. , Гусаков Е.З.
Published: November 2021

A quasi-linear equation which allows describing evolution of electron distribution function and generation of non-inductive currents by helicons is obtained. It is shown that in the analysed case the Fokker-Planck equation can be approximated by a one-dimensional equation in the longitudinal electron velocity space with a diffusion coefficient proportional to the helicon power absorbed by electrons due to Landau damping.
Особенности динамики струйного потока, генерируемого при поверхностном кипении жидкости на лазерном нагревателе
Authors: Кулик А.В. , Мокрин С.Н. , Краевский А.М. , Минаев С.С. , Гузев М.А. , Чудновский В.М.
Published: November 2021

It was experimentally found that hot submerged jets appeared at laser induced nucleation boiling near the tip optical fiber placed in water exponentially decrease the velocity with the increasing of laser power (heat flux). This result was obtained for closed cylindrical cuvette where hot jets collided with walls slipped the cuvette boundary and transfer the heat. Obtained result is necessary to take into account at precise laser induced surface cleaning inside the closed volumes, for development of medical technologies of laser therapy of pathologically changed vessels, cysts, and for other applications.