bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Life History and Habits of Buffalo Grass
Authors:   , Webb John
Published: February 2023

Buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides) is a dioecious, stoloniferous perennial which, with Blue Grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis), forms the short grass faciation of the Great Plains. Its range extends from Saskatchewan to Mexico in the plains area. It is exceedingly valuable as forage, both during the growing season and winter, since cured grass is relished by livestock. Its stoloniferous habits make it an aggressive plant, and give it great soil-biding properties. This species of grass has vast possibilities in revegetation practices. A study of its life-history should be of benefit to conservationists as well as to agrostologists and taxonomists. There is a definite need for studies of this type to provide detailed information relative to important species of grass. Buffalo grass plants are usually dioecious; t ha t is, the staminate and pistillate flowers are produced on separate plants. Monoecious plants, where both flowers are borne on the same plant, occur occasionally. During recent years, perfect-flowered plants have been . Usually, the seeds are produced in a cluster of hard , indurate bracts, collectively termed a \bur.\ Each bur consists of from one to many pistillate flowers and is borne in the axils of the leaves. The male, or staminate flowers, however, are borne on peduncles which protrude well above the plant. When perfect flowers occur, both staminate and pistillate inflorescences are borne in the typical staminate head. It was the purpose of this experiment to study growth variations, flowering and fruit ng characteristics, uniformity of sex within the individual bur, and seed viability.
Of What Is and What Never Should Be
Authors:   , Lawson Bud
Published: February 2023

A few years ago, I experienced how to look at something for what it is and what it isn't. By gaining this insight, realities take on a different meaning. No longer is one confused by stereotypes, labels and superficial meanings. One can see the various individual parts, how each part works, and the ideas conveyed by their unique combinations. My work is a collection of forms put together to state my central point of departure, man's true environment. When looking at an object or a situation one must be aware of what the subject is and what it isn't. For example, what a rock \isn't\, is a rock. What a rock \is\, is a collection of lines, form, color and texture. What I mean is one must look beyond the surficial aspects of subject and thought in order to see the different capabilities of a train of thinking. To understand a thought, it must be understood from all views. Only by knowing all sides of a subject can one use its potential force in art. What subject matter \is\, is a collection of many things. Not only is it line, form, color and texture, but it has a personality to contend with. Every subject and idea has a life force which must be translated through the artist's efforts. This extension of feelings, on the artist's and the ideas part, makes sculpture an entity and not an object.
Traditional, Nontraditional, and Graduate Student Opinions Regarding Learning Environments, Teaching Methods, and Academic Advising at a Small Midwestern University
Authors:   , Stunes S.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate college learning environments, teaching methods, and academic advising and student opinions and preferences about them. Students were categorized into three groups: traditional students, nontraditional students, and graduate students. Previous surveys from an investigation by Parker-Price and Claxton (1996) were used for the traditional and a portion of the nontraditional students, and new data was gathered for the graduate students and the remaining nontraditional students using the FHSU Student Satisfaction Survey. This survey rates student opinions and preferences in regard to the three categories and was administered to students at Fort Hays State University, a medium-sized mid-western university. The results received from the various student groups were then compared to one another in order to investigate if there were any significant differences among them in regards to their opinions and preferences of the three categories. The results obtained showed that when all of the items in each section were combined to form one overall rating, no significant differences existed among any of the three student groups regarding learning environments, teaching methods, or academic advising. However, several individual items in various sections did show significant differences among the three groups. This suggests that although the students didn't seem to have significantly different opinions regarding the three topics overall, they did view several subcategories in some sections differently. This leads to the possibility that there are some strong differences among these three student groups in regards to certain areas. Because of this possibility, even though no overall significant results were received from this study there is still the potential for further research to be done in these three areas and with these three types of student groups.
Distribution and Status of the Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale Putorius) in Kansas
Authors:   , Nilz Shannan
Published: February 2023

The eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) historically was reported as abundant or common throughout much of the central United States; however, range wide population declines over the past four decades have prompted state agencies and researchers to evaluate the status of the species and develop conservation strategies. My research focused on the conservation issues that pertain to the status and distribution of the eastern spotted skunk in Kansas. From May 2004 through March 2007, I conducted field surveys for the eastern spotted skunk in several areas of Kansas by using live traps and tack plate stations. In November 2005, I captured two males of the eastern spotted skunk on my study site in Cherokee County in Southeastern Kansas. In February 2007, I recorded one track of the eastern spotted skunk at a track plate station on the same study site. My trapping success for the eastern spotted skunk in Cherokee County in November 2005 was 1.4%, and, in February 2007, my detection success was 1.0%. I did no confirm the presence of the eastern spotted skunk on any of my other study sties. I surveyed Kansas fur harvesters in the fall of 2005 and spring of 2007, and employees of the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks in the fall of 2006 to request information about eastern spotted skunk observations. I received 417 new reports of eastern spotted skunk observations that were made between 1930 and 2007. I used maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to predict the potential distribution of the western spotted skunk in Kansas. My model predicted suitable environmental conditions for the eastern spotted skunk in southeastern and south-central Kansas, and moderately suitable environmental conditions in most counties within the state. Additional field work will be necessary to verify the distribution and status of the eastern spotted skunk in Kansas.
The Correlation Between Students' Perceptions of Their Body Image and Communication Apprehension
Authors:   , Alexander Heather
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine if an individual’s level of communication apprehension is correlated with the individual’s perception of their body esteem. Communication apprehension (CA) is “an individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons,” (McCroskey, 1977). Body esteem is referred to as an affective component of body image or feelings one has about his or her body (Franzoi & Shields, 1984; Henriques & Calhoun, 1999). Research has shown that CA can affect many sectors of an individual’s life. There has been an extensive amount of research done on CA and individuals in interpersonal relationships, occupational choices and treatment techniques, but very little research has explored body esteem as a CA correlate. There has also been very little research conducted over whether or not gender plays a role in CA and body esteem. This study investigated communication apprehension and body esteem levels of college students enrolled in an introductory speech course. The participants for the study came from a Midwest University where the average size for the introductory speech classes was approximately twenty. McCroskey’s (1981) Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 (PRCA-24) and Franzoi and Shield’s (1984) Body Esteem Scale (BES) was administrated to approximately 250 college students to determine if there is a correlation between an individual’s level of communication apprehension and their level of body esteem. The results were also examined to determine if any significant gender differences in the relationship between CA scores and body esteem scores were prevalent.
Leaving an Abusive Relationship Is There Any Hope?
Authors:   , Wolf Christina
Published: February 2023

Domestic violence is typically defined as violence against women by their intimate partner. However, some argue that the definition should be broadened to include nonviolent acts, such as stalking and psychological/emotional abuse (Kilpatrick. 2003; Tjaden, 2004). Furthermore, domestic violence does not just occur when a man abuses a woman; a woman can also abuse a man or another woman, or a man another man. Using frequency of assaults (rather than severity), research has shown that physical abuse occurs in equal rates among men and women (Archer, 2000; Straus & Gelles, 1990). Over the past ten years, the rate of family violence has decreased (BJS, 2002). However, domestic violence remains a wide-spread problem affecting both adults and children. Past theories focus on the reasons why women stay in an abusive relationship; however, they do not attempt to understand why some women enter an abusive relationship and others do not. The current study suggests a new theory, whose goal is to not only explain why it is difficult for women to leave, but also to explain why some women stay and other women leave. The purpose of the current study is to take past research and theory about domestic violence and combine it with other current theory better understand why some victims stay and others go. Hope theory will be the main focus to explain this occurrence. This study suggests that hope is related to the amount of time spent in an abusive relationship, with agency displaying some moderating effects.
Frequency and Categorization in a Word Pronunciation Task
Authors:   , Massey Adrienne
Published: February 2023

Ninety-six subjects were given four test lists of words in a word reading task. The independent variable in this study were the frequency of words in the English language and the categorization of words into semantically similar sets. The reading time for each list was reported, and as expected, the main effects of frequency and categorization were significant. Combining the two conditions resulted in an additive effect and was contradictory to the interactional effect found by Becker (1979).
Fall Migrational Patterns of Selected Wood Warblers in West-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Ernsting Marshelle
Published: February 2023

The migrational patterns of wood warblers in west-central Kansas were investigated at the Fort Hays State University banding station on Big Creek during the autumns of 1979 and 1980. Five species (yellow warbler, Nashville warbler, Myrtle warbler, Wilson’s warbler and orange-crowned warbler) were analyzed. None of the five species exhibited a non-overlapping asynchronous migrational pattern. The orange-crowned warbler exhibited an overlapping asynchronous pattern with an increased percentage of adults later in season. The yellow warbler and Wilson’s warbler exhibited synchronous patterns. In both species, adults and juveniles migrated at the same time. The trends for the Nashville warbler and Myrtle warbler were not clear. Data were insufficient for determining whether the Nashville warbler had a synchronous or overlapping asynchronous pattern. The Myrtle warbler appeared to exhibit a synchronous pattern. Data for the migrational trends of the sex classes of juvenile sand adults were inconclusive. Because of difficulty in accurately determining the sex of yellow warblers and orange-crowned warblers, no patterns could be discerned. Males and females of juveniles and adults of Myrtle warblers, Nashville warblers, and Wilson’s warblers appeared to exhibit a synchronous pattern.
The Attempted Synthesis of Acequinoline
Authors:   , Spicer Jay
Published: February 2023

Three attempts to synthesize acequinoline have been investigated and proven unsuccessful. Cyclization of indan-1-ylacetamide to obtain the basic ring structure via an abnormal Hofmann degradation reaction has been studied at various temperatures and reaction conditions. Although the Hofmann reaction was not successful, it does show possibilities of yielding the desired product. A second attempt to synthesize the basic ring structure using indan-1-ylacetohydroxamic acid and a strong acid was unsuccessful and shows very little promise for yielding acequinoline. Modification of the second reaction using indan-1-ylacetohydroxamie acid and heat did not yield the desired product, but does show possibilities as a method of producing 3-azacenaphthene, which is an isomer of acequinoline.
Sisters' Attitudes Toward Church Changes : A Study of the Reactions of the Sisters of St. Agnes in a Western Community
Authors:   , Erbert Dorissa
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to ascertain what the attitudes and reactions of the Sisters were toward these changes. To secure this information, the procedure of privately interviewing fifty Sisters of St. Agnes, by means of the focused and non-directive method, recorded on tape, was utilized. The Sisters interviewed were those engaged either in the teaching, hospital, or domestic fields in Ellis County, Kansas.
Traditional and Nontraditional Students: Adaption to College
Authors:   , Showalter Jami
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate study behaviors of traditional and nontraditional students. The independent variables investigated were student status (nontraditional and traditional), college classification, gender, cumulative undergraduate GPA, and average hours studied per week. The dependent variables were Feelings of Lack of Competence, Low Security, and Poor Self-Esteem; Preparing for Day-to-Day Routine Academic Activities; Carrying Out Specific Long Range Academic Tasks, and Total Scale. The Sample consisted of 90 males and 99 females, a total of 189. Three composite null hypotheses were tested, employing a three-way analysis for variance (general linear model). A total of 60 comparisons were made plus 24 recurring. Of the 60 comparisons 20 were for main effects and 40 were interactions. Of the 20 main effects, 14 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 40 interactions, 4 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. females are better at carrying out specific long range academic tasks than males. 2. nontraditional students are more adaptable to college than traditional students, 3. graduate students are more adaptable to col1egc than undergraduates. 4. females are more adaptable to college than males, 5. students with higher GPA's are more prepared for day-by-day activities, 6. students who study more are better prepared for day-by-day activities, 7. nontraditional students are more adaptable in carrying out academic tasks, 8. students with GPA's of 3.5 1-4.00 arc more skillful in carrying out academic tasks and 100ai adaptation than those with intermediate and low GPA's, 9. students with GPA's of 2.51-3.00 are more skillful in carrying out academic tasks and total adaptation than those with low GPA's. 10. students who study more hours have higher total adaptation. 11. student status and classification should be interpreted concurrently for routine academic activities. 12. student status, classification and gender should be interpreted concurrently for routine academic activities. 13. student status and average hours studied per week should be interpreted concurrently for perception of self. And 14. student status, cumulative undergraduate GPA and average hours studied per week should interpreted concurrently for perception of self.
Biogeographic Relationship of Pocket Gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Southeastern Colorado
Authors:   , Moulton Michael
Published: February 2023

Biogeographic relationships of three species of pocket gophers (Pappogeomys castanops, Geomys bursarius, and Thomomys bottae), were studied at the margins of their ranges in southeastern Colorado. Two species (P. castanops and T. bottae) were found on top of Mesa de Maya, and the extent of isolation of those gophers was assessed by morphometric analysis. Those analyses revealed that the mesa represents at least a partial barrier to gene flow for T. bottae but not for P. castanops. The ranges of T. bottae and P. castanops overlapped on the mesa by 4.8 cm but did not contact one another below the mesa. These species were found to occupy similar soils and vegetation on the mesa, but the average depths of their feeding burrows were significantly different. Pappogeomys castanops might be competitively excluding T. bottae on the mesa, or the location of their zone of contact might be influenced by precipitation. The relationship between T. castanops and G. bursarius also was studied. These species overlapped by nearly 65 km but occupied different soils and vegetation. Their average burrow depths did not differ significantly. Geographic relationships of these species might be the result of ecological specialization and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s rather than competitive exclusion.
Attitudes Toward Biracial Children : From One Black and One White Parent
Authors:   , Choice Quentin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate college students’ attitudes towards biracial children. The independent variables investigated were gender, age, classification, ethnic background, and major. Scores from the Attitudes Toward Biracial Children Scale were utilized as the dependent variable. The sample consisted of 105 college students. Four composite null hypotheses were tested at the .0500 level of significant employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model), and one with a single-factor analysis of variance. A total of 60 comparisons were made plus 56 recurring. Of the 60 comparisons, 16 were for main effects. Of the 16 main effects, 8 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. Of the 60 comparisons, there were 44 interactions, 9 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Younger students have a more positive attitude toward the individual and biracial children than older students, 2. White students have a more positive attitude toward society and biracial children than non-white students, 3. Gender and age should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 4. Gender and classification should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 5. Age and classification should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 6. Gender, age and classification should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 7. Classification and ethnic background should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 8. Age and ethnic background should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 9. Age, classification and ethnic background should be interpreted concurrently for family and biracial children, 10. Classification and ethnic background should be interpreted concurrently for individual and biracial children, and 11. Classification and ethnic background should be interpreted for total attitude toward biracial children.
High School Seniors' Perceptions of the High School Counselor : A Replication
Authors:   , Leach Joyce
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to replicate James Hoffman's study (1989) to investigate high school seniors' perceptions of the high school counselor. Independent variables were gender, size of high school, number of counselor visits, grade point average, and post-high school plans. The six dependent variables were scores from the following components of a questionnaire pertaining to counselor services: career, educational, personal, social, administrative and composite functions. The sample consisted of 341 Eastern Colorado high school seniors, class of 1991, with 125 students from 1A schools, 115 students from 2A schools and 101 students from 3A schools. Fifteen 1A schools, seven 2A schools and two 3A schools were represented in the sample. Five composite null hypotheses were tested using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). Of the 108 comparisons 30 were for main effects and 78 for interactions. Of the 30 main effects tested 12 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 78 interactions tested 10 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results indicated: 1) participants who visited the counselor more times reported greater comfort talking with the counselor; 2) participants from the largest school district reported greater comfort talking with the counselor; 3) post-high school plans were not associated with student comfort talking with the counselor; 4) gender was not associated with student comfort talking with the counselor; 5) grade point average was not associated with student comfort talking with the counselor; 6) an interaction existed between gender and grade point average for the dependent variables career, educational, personal, social , administrative , and composite; 7) an interaction existed between number of counselor visits and size of school for the dependent variables career and administrative, 8) an interaction existed between gender and size of school for the dependent variable career, and 9) an interaction existed between grade point average and post-high school plans for the dependent variable educational.
Distribution of Woody Vegetation Along the Arkansas River in Finney County, Kansas
Authors:   , Hamann Fredrick
Published: February 2023

In a study of the distribution of the woody vegetation along the Arkansas River in Finney County, Kansas, it was found that the dominant species were salt cedar (Tamarix pentandra), plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii), and sandbar willow (Salix interior). Those species which occurred, but less frequently were peach leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Russian olive (Elaegnus angustifolia), mulberry (Morus rubra), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), and coyote bush (Baccharis glutinosa). Of the three dominant species cottonwood showed the greatest total foliage cover, followed by salt cedar and sandbar willow, respectively. Although cottonwood produced the greatest amount of foliage cover it was second to salt cedar in the number of plants encountered in the transects. Foliage cover of all the plants encountered was greater in the eastern part of the country than in the west, but when the percent of foliage cover per transect was considered, just the opposite was true. When considering the total number of plants of all species the greatest number occurred in the western end of the county and the fewest in the eastern most part of the study area. In height and crown depth of the dominant plants it was found that salt cedar was tallest in the west and shortest in the east. The average height and crown depth of cottonwood was relatively stable all the way across the county. Sandbar willow was tallest in the east and shortest in the west. When comparing the north side of the river with the south side, it was found that the greatest number of woody plants occurred on the north side. Considering the dominant species individually, it was found that both salt cedar and cottonwood were more numerous on the north side than on the south side but the opposite was true when considering sandbar willow. The heights and crown depths did not vary greatly from one side to the other. Due to the flooding which occurred during the summer of 1965, considerable damage was done to the herbaceous vegetation. The survey of herbaceous vegetation cannot be of great value when considering the normal conditions. Woody vegetation during the same flood seemed to be less affected.
A Comparison of Reaction Times of Women Varsity Basketball Players and Women Non-Varsity Athletes at Fort Hays Kansas State College
Authors:   , Engelland Cheryl
Published: February 2023

The problem this study investigated was to determine if there women varsity basketball players had faster reaction times than do women non-varsity basketball players, and also to determine if varsity training and competition had an effect on an individual’s reaction time.
Age and Growth of the Bluegill, Lepomis Macrochirus Rafinesque, in a Newly Impounded Kansas Farm Pond
Authors:   , Hart Jeffry
Published: February 2023

Rate of growth of 589 bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, collected in 1974 and 1975 in a pond in northwestern Kansas, was determined by the scale method. The body- scale relationship was linear with an intercept of 18.0519 mm total length. The length-weight relationship was described by the equation N = 6.19 x 10 [to the]-6 L [superscript] 3.2327. Annulus formation began in late April and was completed by early June. Males outnumbered females in the sample, but this appeared to result from sampling bias rather than from unequal sex ratios. Males averaged longer than females in all age groups, but the difference was significant only in the fourth year of growth. Spawning was 80 percent complete by late May. Results of opercular tagging indicated that loss of tags and stress resulting from the presence of tags limit the effectiveness of this technique in long-term studies.
Church and Sect in Jehovah Witnesses of Russell, Kansas
Authors:   , Anderson Arthur
Published: February 2023

Sects constitute a force in the Christian religion, in addition to Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, in most communities of the United States. Sects have a basically negative religious orientation. An important distinction between sects and denominations is that sects are established to achieve a context of isolation in society, while denominations currently accommodate to middle-class beliefs and values. Sects provide a haven from the complexity and tensions of the larger society. The Congregation of Jehovah witnesses of Russell, Kansas, reflects a predominant sect orientation with respect to the classification used to determine sect and church characteristics. This group shows very few signs of being assimilated into the mainstream of the social and religious life of the community.
The Ehingers and Welsers in Venezuela, 1520-1560
Authors:   , Wasinger Leona
Published: February 2023

In South America, the territory which is now Venezuela, was granted to some German bankers whose representatives played a part in the conquest and exploration of that area. Most historians write with the assumption that the Germans played an unimportant role in South America, but this writer believes that they deserve more attention than is generally given to them. It is the purpose of this study to examine with some detail the activities of the Ehingers and Welsers in Venezuela. Comparatively little work has been done on this phase of South American history. Except for general histories, the writer was unable to find any works in English. The paucity of existing studies, the destruction of some records and the difficulty of obtaining existing material has necessarily limited this paper. It deals only with material printed in the English and German language and therefore is presented primarily from the German point of view. The only material used giving the Spanish side, is correspondence with members of the Spanish Embassy, the Consulates and the University of Venezuela. In scope the paper is limited to the activities of the Ehingers and Welsers in Venezuela during the period 1520 to 1560.
Studies In Breaking The Rest Period of Grass Plants By Treatments With Potassium Thiocyante and In Stimulating Growth With Artificial Light
Authors:   , Shepherd Harold
Published: February 2023

There has developed a need for a practical means of artificially breaking the rest period and of stimulating the growth of grasses so that sods can be procured early in the fall before freezing weather, brought into the greenhouse, and forced early to make an abundant vegetative growth. This need suggested the study of which this paper is the report, namely to discover whether or not the rest period of native grasses can be broken by treatment with potassium thiocyanate and their growth stimulated by artificial light supplemental to winter daylight.
Integral Bits
Authors:   , Schmittling Lance
Published: February 2023

My goal is to create projects that are different, fresh, unique, and bale to stand alone when compared to my other work. This is an important ability for me to possess since it shows my extensive knowledge of design and my willingness to work hard at creating exceptional ideas
Effects of Blood Enhancement Techniques on Short Tandem Repeat (Str) Analysis
Authors:   , Newman James
Published: February 2023

In the field of Forensic Science, getting the most information out of the smallest bit of evidence is the goal of the scientist. With previous technology, large amounts of blood were needed to obtain any information from the sample. Blood enhancement techniques, specifically leucocrystal violet (LeV) and coomassie blue, have been used for years to detect trace amounts of blood on evidence. Once this trace amount of blood was found, patterns could be resolved but no information could be determined as to whose blood it was. Only recently have scientists been able to obtain a DNA profile with sufficient information to distinguish among most individuals. With the current technology or polymerase chain reaction (peR) a DNA profile can be generated from trace amounts of blood. This study examines whether or not these blood enhancement techniques have an adverse effect on obtaining a DNA profile. On all of the Coomassie samples that were analyzed, a DNA profile was obtained. Only a portion of the LCV samples, 44 of the 63, generated a DNA profile. This study demonstrates that the blood enhancement techniques of Coomassie and LCV can be used on samples without destroying DNA profiling potential.
Effects of Differential Cognitive Effort and Depression in Question-Answering Situations
Authors:   , Young Jefferson
Published: February 2023

This study is an investigation of the relationship between depression and memory retrieval processes. Previous research, focusing on direct-access retrieval, is inconclusive and fails to relate the results in terms of clinical depression and its symptomology. This study attempted to show how the depressives ' cognitive functioning impairs memory retrieval and how a depressive's daily memory can best be evoked. Thirty college students were divided into three groups; high depressed, medium depressed, and low depressed. They answered questions designed to elicit two kinds of memory retrieval processes; direct-access and inferential constructive. The results indicated that the questions did elicit the desired retrieval processes. However, there were no significant interaction effects of depression and question type on any dependent measures. It is suggested that the subject population was homogenous or at least the group procedure made them appear so.
Understanding Student Information Systems in Kansas Community Colleges
Authors:   , Genereux William
Published: February 2023

Implementing a new student information system is complicated and costly, whether it is for a large university or a small community college. Computerized student information systems have evolved over time beyond simply record keeping systems into extremely complex enterprise management systems that institutions are dependent upon for their very existence. With ever tightening budgets a reality, higher education institutions are always on the lookout for new ways of stretching dollars. Consolidation of data management systems is an approach some institutions are using for savings on information technology expenditures. While examples of centralized data systems exist elsewhere, in Kansas each public institution is left to find its own way when it comes to implementing this technology. However, one private-school consortium in Kansas has had success in sharing a system among six independent institutions for nearly 40 years. The implication of pooling resources and utilizing a shared administrative system among Kansas community colleges is enormous. The potential annual cost savings are in the millions. The benefit of sharing a standardized system results in reduced strain on IT departments and an aggregation of expertise that increases productivity at all levels. However, the development and implementation of such a system will require overcoming the tremendous resistive forces that have built the current status quo.
The Emotional Impact of Color in Painting
Authors:   , Vandegrift David
Published: February 2023

When the artist approaches the easel, he is faced with a myriad of enigmatic problems. Primarily he is faced with subject matter, technique, and content. Most of the time these problems will not appear within a presupposed formula. They all mingle into a kind of subconscious, intuitive quest. The choices which are made can never be made in isolation from man's own physical and emotional environment. Since man’s reason is a combination of intellect and emotion, his work is always based on these elements, and can never be totally void of either of them. In my own progression, I am becoming more and more aware of color as being a vastly more important element in art than I had ever realized before. Certainly form can evoke emotions, but to a large extent the effect created by form can be highly altered by color. Color can invite the observer to further examination of a work, but more importantly it determines the initial response to the work. Perhaps this initial response is a very elemental one, but nevertheless it should not be overlooked. Also as one examines color further, one discovers that the form must enhance the color just as much as color must enhance the form. Too often artists become so preoccupied with form, that they lose sight of the importance of color. They are then only producing colored drawings. Color and form must be equally respected.
Exploring The Sleeping Experiences Of Shiftwork Nurses
Authors:   , Doty Patricia
Published: February 2023

Shiftwork scheduling in nursing can lead to diminished health status, quality of life and job dissatisfaction, and it can contribute significantly to decreases in the quality of patient care. In light of the current nursing shortage, and the increasing need for healthcare professionals and services in the coming years, it is imperative that nursing administrators focus on identifying and implementing interventions that counteract the deleterious effects of shiftwork now. This investigation was conducted to explore the sleeping experiences of shiftwork nurses. A convenience sample of 69 (N = 69) licensed nurses working day shift, evenings, nights and rotating shifts at a Midwestern Community Hospital were studied using a structured sleep measurement tool developed by Dr. Daniel Buysse (1989). Statistical findings indicated a significant difference between the groups of nurses for sleep quality F (3, 65) = 2.963,p .039 and sleep duration (3, 65) = 4.658,p .005. Evening shift nurses in this investigation were found to incur the poorest sleep quality and night shift nurses the poorest sleep duration. The sleeping experience of shiftwork nurses remains an important issue, therefore further studies are needed that would explore larger and more diverse populations of shiftwork nurses.
A Seed Bank Investigation of the Spring Seep Zone at Haberer's Salt Marsh
Authors:   , Burr Andrew
Published: February 2023

Seed bank composition and floristic species diversity were examined in the spring seep zone of the marsh ridge community at Haberer’s Salt Marsh in central Kansas. One hundred cores were collected in the spring seep zone on each of the four sampling dates: July, October, January, and April. Elutriation and flotation techniques combined with tetrazolium viability testing were used to enumerate seeds in each sample. Seed back densities did not change significantly between sampling dates. Species diversity was greater in July than in October, January, or April. Seed banks of Schoenoplectus pungens, Triglochin maritime, and Ruppia maritime were persistent and Type IV (Thompson and Grime, 1979). Bromus japonicas and Bromus tectorum seed banks were transient and Type II. Species compositions of the seed bank and vegetation in the spring seep zone were not similar. Species richness was greater in the seed bank than in the vegetation. Triglochin maritime, and Ruppia maritime were the most abundant species in the seed bank and exhibited a clumped distribution. Unusual mounds in the spring seep zone, saline conditions, and a constant flow of water from the springs appear to influence seed bank and vegetation compositions and dynamics in Haberer’s Salt Marsh.
A Brief Consideration of The Different Methods of Integration
Authors:   , Golden Donald
Published: February 2023

Any student of mathematics is familiar with the importance of the process of integration. Integration is as fundamental to analysis as the basic principles of the number theory are to arithmetical calculation. Some of the common applications of integration are, finding the distance a falling body has travelled during a particular interval of time; to determine the equation of a curve, given different conditions (such as slope of the curve equal numerically to one-half the abscissa, or some similar problem); motion of a projectile; motion in a resisting medium; finding areas and volumes of revolution; length of a curve; areas of surfaces of revolution; work of expanding gases; and numerous other practical uses. With these many useful applications in mind, the author chose the problem of studying the various methods of integration. It is his earnest desire to learn more about the theory of this interesting subject and to summarize briefly the more familiar definitions of the Riemann and Lebesgue integrals and then to consider less familiar modifications of these definitions. Because of the wealth of material on these subjects, it will be necessary to reduce the discussion of each integral to a minimum. Several important existence theorems will be proven for the Riemann and Lebesgue integrals; followed by a comparison of these two definitions. In discussing the modifications of the above definitions, the author will show the difference between the modification and previous definitions . Lastly, he will offer the opinions of several outstanding mathematicians of the present time regarding the possible trend of integration in the future. In examining the abstracts of theses available in this library and that of the University of Kansas, the author found only one thesis previously written on integration, and that was a Doctor's thesis written on the “Stieltjes integral.”
Trends In Social Thinking, 1910-1935
Authors:   , Williams Mary
Published: February 2023

This topic has been chosen because of an interest in the economic and social conditions of the present day and a desire to know just how much the changing events of the world’s history during the past twenty five years have affected our attitudes toward certain economic problems. In order to do this, five fields of interest were chosen. These are, banking practice and legislation, agriculture, public finance, labor problems and trusts. I have attempted to draw some conclusions which will show a definite trend toward certain attitudes of thinking of the present day which are different from the attitudes towards those same problems in 1910. This survey is concerned only with the changes in the United States. While the trends of some of these problems in foreign countries may have been similar, there has not been time to consider them here. The period 1910-1935 has been chosen as covering the pre-war period, and the period following the war. Changes made since 1929 have especially been noted.
Differential Reinforcement as a Function of Perceived Mental Illness
Authors:   , Moffitt William
Published: February 2023

Four groups of 16 subjects each were told that a confederate had had either: (a) psychiatric treatment in the past as well as in the present (P-P); (b) psychiatric treatment in the past but not in the present (P-N); (c) no psychiatric treatment in the past but psychiatric treatment in the present (N-P); (d) no psychiatric treatment in either the past or present (N-N). Half of the subjects in each group supplied reinforcement to a \learner\ under response-contingent conditions, while the other half supplied reinforcement under non-contingent conditions. The intensity and duration of those reinforcers were reassured and analyzed in a 2x2x4 Anova. As expected, there were no significant effects on reinforcement duration. Also as expected, reinforcement intensity did not differ across psychiatric history groups under non-contingent conditions. These findings were discussed in terms of theoretical and methodological implications. It was concluded that stigma alone cannot fully account for the social consequences of the former mental patient. Other factors sum as the Physical characteristics of the perceived mental patient and the response set of the subject need to also be examined.
The Relationship Between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Ppvt-R) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (Wisc-R)
Authors:   , Davis Steven
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes an investigation designed to compare the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC-R) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- Revised (PPVT-R). The historical development of intelligence testing and emergence of theories of intelligence are discussed. The Wechsler instruments, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Validation research relevant to the WISC-R and PPVT-R are reviewed. Based on the relative lack of studies designed to establish the concurrent validity of the PPVT-R, four hypotheses are proposed concerning the relationship of this new instrument to the WISC-R. These hypotheses are: 1) the Full Scale IQ (FS IQ) of the WISC-R will differ significantly from the standard scores of the PPVT-R; 2) the correlational relationship between the standard scores of the PPVT-R and the three WISC-R IQ scores will adhere to an order of Verbal Scale IQ vs (IQ) > FS IQ > Performance Scale IQ (PS IQ); 3) the standard scores of the alternate forms of the PPVT-R will not differ significantly from one another; and 4) the order of administration of the PPVT-R and WISC-R will not affect the scores of either instrument. Forty regular classroom second grade students will serve as subjects for this study. The hypotheses will be evaluated through the use of Pearson product-moment correlations, regression lines, standard errors of estimate scores, correlate t tests, and analysis of variance statistical procedures. The results will be discussed in relation to previous research and the appropriateness of using the PPVT-R as a screening instrument.
MFA Thesis Exhibition - Enormous
Authors:   , Tan Wendy (Suat Huay)
Published: February 2023

Artist Wendy (Suat Huay) Tan \r MFA Sculpture\r Artworks Statement \r We all see the world in different ways and we all see it from a human scale. Observing small creatures in nature has always fascinated me. There is a small world that exists just below our feet which is full of beauty and excitement. These seemingly insignificant little creatures such as ants can represent a microcosm of human existence.\r Ants live with us on every continent and their existence may seem valueless but in fact their lives have enormous ecological importance. One in every thousand insects is an ant. Their total population is estimated at one quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000). They have lived on earth for more than 100 million years. They are tiny but mighty since they are untied.\r Teamwork is what has kept the ant colonies successful over these many years. This united effort can also describe the foundry process that was used to create this work. The casting of metal allows the artist the ability to create even the most complex forms such as those found in nature but it comes at a cost. The work is tireless, dirty, and cannot be done alone. Like the ant colony the foundry artist must depend on others to get the work done. The ants and the foundry workers have specific roles and must be efficiently organized. The cast metal (bronze, iron, and aluminum) in a way is like the exoskeleton of the ant allowing it to take shape and this enormous scale. \r My hope is that the relatively giant ants in this environment (the gallery) can change our perspective, our mood, and the way we perceive the relationship between ourselves and the space around us, even for just a moment. The transformation of industrial materials such as iron, bronze, aluminum and steel has enabled me to bring this small world to life at a scale that cannot be overlooked.\r
Social Conditions of Territorial Kansas
Authors:   , Miller Clifford
Published: February 2023

Who were the people making up Kansas Territory, or simply “K.T.”, as correspondence was addressed from everywhere? Coming to Kansas from New England and the Middle Atlantic states through the agency of the Emigrant Aid Company, from the Middle and Western states, from the Southern states, and from foreign countries, they had a variety of folk lore and pioneer technique they could put to work. It seems that they would constitute an extremely chaotic society when viewed from this standpoint; yet, they were all sired by progressive peoples, and, if we consider them from the viewpoint of culture and social manifestations we find factors to contribute to their cosmopolitanism instead.
A Study of The Relation of Achievement In Particular Fields In High School To Achievement In Particular Fields In College: Being A Study of 280 Freshmen Who Entered The Fort Hays Kansas State College In September, 1930
Authors:   , Dodrill Ellsworth
Published: February 2023

This study has two purposes. The first one is to determine the high school achievement of the Freshman class who entered the Fort Hays Kansas State College in September, 1930. The second purpose is to determine to what extent college success in the various fields, English, Mathematics, Natural Science, and Social Science, can be predicted from success in the corresponding fields in high school.
Creative Sculpture Experience
Authors:   , Shepard Archie
Published: February 2023

The first portion of this thesis problem deals with establishing a program in sculpture for a sixth grade class. To accomplish this problem the writer first, experimented with various materials and methods to determine those best suited for use by the group. Second, the actual projects were done by the writer to determine the possible difficulties the class might encounter, and how best to overcome these difficulties. Third, the presentation of the projects to the class. Fourth, and last, was to write an evaluation of the problem in respect to values gained by the students and the writer. It is the belief of the writer that the values received by the students in this problem was a deeper insight in three dimensional art, an improved sense of touch, and the development of eye, hand , and mind coordination. For the writer the experience of setting up a project, carrying it out, and then evaluating it, will be very helpful in planning and establishing future problems in art. The second portion of the thesis problem deals with the actual creative experience of the writer in welded steel sculpture.