bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Elbow Joint Contact Area in Symptomatic Valgus Instability of the Elbow in Baseball Players
Authors: Numaguchi Kyosuke , Momma Daisuke , Matsui Yuki , Oohinata Jun , Yamaguchi Takayoshi , Inoue Nozomu , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the joint contact area of the dominant side and that of the non-dominant side without valgus instability in symptomatic pitchers. Ten symptomatic elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) deficient baseball pitchers participated in this study. Computed tomography (CT) data from the dominant and non-dominant elbows were obtained with and without elbow valgus stress. The CT imaging data of each elbow joint were reconstructed using a 3D reconstruction software package, and the radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral joint contact areas were calculated. The center of the contact area and the translation from the position without stress to the position with valgus stress were also calculated. With elbow valgus stress, the contact area changed, and the center of the radiocapitellar joint contact area translated significantly more laterally in the dominant elbow than in the non-dominant elbow (P = 0.0361). In addition, the center of the ulnohumeral joint contact area translated significantly more posteriorly in the dominant elbow than in the non-dominant elbow (P = 0.0413). These changes in contact areas could be the reason for cartilage injury at the posterior trochlea in pitchers with UCL deficiency.
Inflows and river heights in Australia’s Murray Darling Basin: impacts of decreased catchment rainfall on water availability.
Authors: Speer Milton , Leslie Lance , MacNamara Shev , Hartigan Joshua
Published: February 2021

The Murray Darling Basin (MDB) is Australia’s most important agricultural region. The southern MDB receives most of its annual catchment runoff during the cool season (April-September). Focusing on the Murrumbidgee River measurements at Wagga Wagga and further downstream at Hay, river heights in the cool season decreased markedly in variability over a century prior to 1991. Box and whisker plots of 27-year April-September Hay and Wagga Wagga river heights reveal decreases not matched by declining April-September catchment rainfall. However, permutation tests of both means and variances of late autumn (April-May) dam catchment rainfall and inflows, produced p-values indicating a highly significant decline since the early 1990s. Consequently, dry catchments in late autumn, even with average cool season rainfall, have reduced dam inflows and decreased river heights downstream from Wagga Wagga, before water extraction for irrigation. It is concluded that lower April-September mean river heights at Wagga Wagga and decreased river height variability at Hay, since the mid-1990s, are due to combined lesser April-May catchment rainfall and increased mean temperatures. If these drying and warming trends continue, they will drastically reduce water availability for the Murrumbidgee River catchment and, consequently, for a vital part of the southern MDB.
Association between eating habits and clinical outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis: A cross sectional study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Yagi Sen , Shiraishi Kana , Hashimoto Yu , Kitahata Shogo , Hanayama Masakazu , Tange Kazuhiro , Mori Kenichiro , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Suzuki Seiyuu , Shibata Naozumi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Hasebe Aki , Tomida Hideomi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: February 2021

Background: Although the association between eating habits which can be modified and digestive diseases has been reported, to date, no research has evaluated the association between eating habits and ulcerative colitis (UC). Thus, we investigate the association between eating behavior and clinical outcome in Japanese patients with UC.Methods: Eating quickly, eating until full, and skipping breakfast data was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Information on clinical outcome was collected from medical records. Mucosal healing (MH) and partial MH was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 0–1, respectively. Age, sex, BMI, current smoking, current drinking, steroid use, and anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody use were selected a priori as potential confounding factors.Results: Study subjects consisted of 294 Japanese patients with UC. Eating at speed moderate and eating quickly were independently inversely associated with MH: the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.85) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.17–0.81) (p for trend = 0.033). Eating until full was independently inversely associated with MH: the adjusted OR was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.27–0.86). MH in patients who skipped breakfast was marginally lower than that in patients who did not skip breakfast. No association between eating habits and clinical remission or partial MH was found.Conclusion: Among patients with UC, eating rate and eating until full may be independently inversely associated with MH but not clinical remission.
Testing Stratified Care for Musculoskeletal Pain in General Practice: Integrating Clinician Support and Intervention Design
Authors: Protheroe Joanne , Saunders Benjamin , Hill Jonathan C , Chudyk Adrian , Foster Nadine E , Bartlam Bernadette , Wathall Simon , Cooper Vincent
Published: February 2021

Background
Stratified care involves subgrouping patients based on key characteristics, e.g. prognostic risk, and matching these subgroups to early treatment options. The STarT-MSK programme developed and tested a new stratified primary care intervention for patients with common musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in general practice. Stratified care involves changing General Practitioners’ (GPs) behaviour, away from the current ‘stepped’ care approach to identifying early treatment options matched to patients’ risk of persistent pain. Changing healthcare practice is challenging, and to aid the successful delivery of stratified care, education and support for GPs was required from the initial stages of the programme. This paper details the steps in integrating the development of a clinician support package throughout the 6-year programme, to support GP engagement in delivering the STarT MSK intervention. Practical recommendations are made for future general practice interventions.
Methods
Clinician support was developed through an iterative, mixed methods approach. Qualitative research with patients and GPs identified barriers and facilitators to the adoption of stratified care, which were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) taxonomy. Identified domains/BCTs were ‘translated’ into an educational paradigm, and an initial version of the support package developed. This was further refined following a feasibility and pilot RCT, and a finalised support package was developed for the main RCT.
Results
The clinician support package comprised face-to-face sessions combining adult-learning principles with behaviour change theory in a multimethod approach, which included group discussion, simulated consultations, patient vignettes and model consultation videos. Structured support for GPs was crucial in enabling fidelity and, ultimately, a successful trial. Results highlighted that clinician support is a two-way process– the study team can learn from and adapt to specific local factors and issues not previously identified. The support from senior clinicians was also required to ensure ‘buy in’, and results indicated the importance of monitoring GP performance and providing regular feedback.
Conclusion
Designing effective clinician support from the onset of trial intervention design, in an evidence-based, theory-informed manner, is crucial to encourage active engagement and intervention fidelity within the trial, enabling the delivery of a robust and reliable proof of principle trial.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dinuclear Cu(II) Coordination Polymer Based on Quinoxaline and 3,3-Thiodipropionic Acid Ligands
Authors: Tella Adedibu Clement , Owalude Samson , Adimula Vincent , Oladipo Adetola , Olayemi Victoria , Ismail Bushra , Mumtaz Amara , Rehman Attiq , Khan Asad , Clayton Hadley , Tahir Nawaz
Published: February 2021

The coordination polymer [Cu2(TDPH)4(QNX)].DMF, (QNX = Quinoxaline; TDPH = 3,3-thiodipropionic acid), has been prepared by reaction of copper acetate, TDPH, and quinoxaline. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic with a P21/n space group and dimensions of a = 12.889(3) Å, b = 14.983(4) Å, c = 14.091(3) Å, α = 90 °, β = 90.200(11) °, γ = 90 °, V = 2721.18 (2) Å3, Z = 4. The ligands are hexagonally coordinated to the Cu(II) centre in the form of Cu2O4N with one nitrogen atom from the quinoxaline ligand, and four oxygen atoms from four TDPH molecules in a monodentate fashion. The Cu-Cu bond length was 2.642(1) and 2.629(1) Å for the Cu1----Cu1 and Cu2----Cu2 bonds. The QNX ligand bridged the two copper atoms. The catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using NaBH4 in the presence of [Cu2(TDPH)4(QNX)].DMF, as catalyst was completed within 11 minutes. The 4-aminophenol product was confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteroides Fragilis Isolated From Clinical and Gastrointestinal Specimens
Authors: Jasemi Seyedesomaye , Emaneini Mohammad , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Sechi Leonardo A. , Heravi Fatemah Sadeghpour , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Background: Bacteroides fragilis is a part of the normal gastrointestinal flora and the most prevalent anaerobic bacteria causes’ infection. It is highly resistant to antibiotics and contains abundant antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Methods: The antibiotic resistance pattern of 78 isolates of B. fragilis (56 strains from the gastrointestinal [GI] tract and 22 strains from clinical samples) was investigated using agar dilution method. The gene encoding Bacteroides fargilis toxin bft, and antibiotic resistance genes were targeted by PCR assay. Results: The highest rate of resistance was observed for penicillin G (100%) followed by tetracycline (74.4%), clindamycin (41%) and cefoxitin (38.5%). Only a single isolate showed resistance to imipenem which contained cfiA and IS1186 genes. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. Accordingly, tetQ (87.2%), cepA (73.1%) and ermF (64.1%) were the most abundant antibiotic-resistant genes identified in this study. MIC values for penicillin, cefoxitin and clindamycin were significantly different among isolates with the cepA, cfxA and ermF in compare with those lacking such genes. In addition, 22.7% and 17.8% of clinical and GI tract isolates had the bft gene, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, it is of utmost importance to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of B. fragilis periodically in different geographical areas to provide a suitable treatment profile for patients and to prevent improper antibiotic prescriptions.
Maternal Karyogene and Cytoplasmic Genotype Affect the Induction Efficiency of Doubled Haploid Inducer in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ma YongTing , Zhu ZhenDong , Huang LiangJun , Ali Asif , Luo Xuan , Zhou Ying , Li Yun , Xu Peizhou , Yang Jin , Li Zhuang , Shi HaoRan , Wang JiSheng , Gong WanZhuo , Zou Qiong , Tao LanRong , Kang ZeMing , Tang Rong , Zhao ZhangJie , Li Zhi , Guo ShiXing , Fu Shaohong
Published: February 2021

Background

Production of pure lines by double haploid induction provides a new way to achieve homozygosity earlier in Brassica napus. Previously, it is not known, whether the induction has obvious maternal genotypic differences.
Results

In this study, different karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype of Brassica napus was pollinated with the inducers Y3380 and Y3560. Using the identification of the ploidy, fertility and SSR analysis of the induced F1 generation, it was found that the ploidy and phenotype of the induced F1 plants were consistent with maternal parent. The SNP chip analysis revealed that induction efficiency was affected by the karyogene when the maternal cytoplasmic genotype was the same. However, this efficiency was affected by the cytoplasmic genotype when the karyogenes were same, and the offspring of the ogura cytoplasm easier to high-frequency inducer gene hybridization or low-frequency infiltration.
Conclusion

The induction effect is influenced by the interaction between maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype, and the results from the partial hybridization of progeny chromosomes indicate that the induction process may be attributed to the selective elimination of paternal chromosome. This study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of DH inducer in Brassica napus, and provides new insights for utilization of inducers inbreeding.
Biomarkers predictive of long-term fertility found in vaginal lipidome of gilts at weaning
Authors: Mills Kayla M , Ferreria Christina R , Stevens Jebadiah , Stewart Kara R , Casey Theresa M
Published: February 2021

Background

A marker indicative of fertility potential of replacement gilts early in development would decrease culling rates in the sow herd, improve sow herd reproductive efficiency, and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to determine if vaginal lipid profiles at 21 d postnatal (PN) could predict sow reproductive performance.
Methods

Vaginal swabs of the anterior vagina were taken at 21 ± 4 d PN from gilts born on a commercial sow production facility for lipidomic analysis. Animals were followed prospectively for two years and assigned to reproductive performance categories based on observation of estrus or piglets weaned per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings.
Results

Lipids were extracted from cellular material collected with swabs taken from high fertility (HF; n = 28; ≥26 PSY) and infertile (IF; n = 34; no estrus, no pregnancy) animals and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling was used for lipidome analysis. Relative abundance of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) were lower (P < 0.05) in IF gilts than HF gilts, whereas abundance of the free fatty acids cerotic (C26:0), ximenic (C26:1), and nonadecanoic (C19:0) acids were greater (P < 0.05) in IF gilts. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) a precursor of prostaglandins was also higher (P < 0.05) in IF gilts.
Conclusions

The perspective of having a panel of lipids captured with vaginal swabs at weaning that can predict reproductive efficiency of gilts shows promise and warrants future research in this area.
Surveillance Plan of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Molluscs from the Croatian Coast
Authors: Bogdanovic Tanja , Giacinto Federica Di , Berti Miriam , Visciano Pierina , Petričević Sandra , Rogošić Mario , Rogić Zoran , Mascilongo Giuseppina , Renzo Ludovica Di , Ferri Nicola , Schirone Maria , Listes Eddy
Published: February 2021

In the present study, a 4-year surveillance plan for the detection of lipophilic marine biotoxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Callista chione from different aquaculture farms and natural beds along the Central Adriatic coasts of Croatia was reported. The samples were analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method in accordance with the Regulation (EU) No 2019/627. Lipophilic marine biotoxins belonging to the okadaic acid group, except for azaspiracids, as well as yessotoxins were found at different concentrations, always below the maximum limits established by the Regulation (EC) No 853/2004. The seasonal distribution showed the highest values in summer months, and an interannual variability was also observed, probably due to environmental conditions aging on the density of harmful algal blooms. The comprehensive data reported in this study should help the future research in making advancing prediction models along the Eastern Adriatic coast.
Allometric Equation for Aboveground Biomass Estimation for Selected Trees Shrubs in Gesha - Sayilem Moist Afromontane Forest.
Authors: Merti Admassu Addi , Soromessa Teshome soromessa , Kefle Tura Bareke
Published: February 2021

Background: Allometric equations which are regressions linking the biomass to some independent variables that are used to estimate tree components from the forest. The generic equation developed by many authors may not adequately reveal the tree biomass in a specific region in tropics including in Ethiopia. Therefore, the use of species specific allometric equations is important to achieve higher levels of accuracy because trees of different species may differ in size and biomass. The objective of the study was to develop species-specific allometric equations for Apodytes dimidiata, Ilex mitis, Sapium ellipticum and shrubs (Galiniera saxifraga and Vernonia auriculifera) for estimating the aboveground biomass (AGB). Non-destructive sampling method was used for the measurement of tree biomass, accordingly the trees and shrubs whose Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) is ≥ 5 cm were sampled. For trees serial measurements of the height and diameter of trunk were done at 2 m intervals. For the determination of biomass of shrubs destructively sampled. Four branches were trimmed from tree and the trimmed branches were separated into leaves and wood and oven dried at 1050C and recorded to estimate the biomass of untrimmed small branches. Nested model was used and the best fit model was selected based on higher Adjusted R2, lower residual standard error and Akaike information criterion. Results: All the necessary biomass calculations were done, and biomass equations were developed for each species. The regression equations relate AGB with DBH, height (H), and density (ρ) were computed and the models were tested for accuracy based on observed data. The best model was selected based higher adj R2 and lower residual standard error and Akaike information criterion than rejected models. The relations for all selected models are significant (p<0.000), which showed strong correlation AGB with selected dendrometric variables. Accordingly, the AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and was not signiﬁcantly correlated with wood density and height individually in Ilex mitis. In combination, AGB was strongly correlated with DBH, height and wood density; are better for carbon assessment than general equations.Conclusions: The specific allometeric equation developed for the Gesha-Sayilem Afromontane Forest which can be used in similar moist forests in Ethiopia for the implementation of Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) activities to benefit the local communities from carbon trade.
Study on a 3D-Bioprinted Tissue Model of Self-Assembled Nanopeptide Hydrogels Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zhou Guanzhou , Tian Ailing , Fan Lufeng , Shao Wenchong , Wu Han , Sun Nianfeng
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study aimed to observe the cell growth status and multidirectional differentiation ability in a 3D-bioprinted tissue model of self-assembled nanopeptides and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs).

Methods

Primary Ad-MSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified by flow cytometry. Tissue models were printed via 3D bioprinting technology using a "biological ink" consisting of a mixed solution of self-assembled nanopeptides and Ad-MSCs. Ad-MSCs were induced into osteogenic, adipogenic, and endothelial differentiation and compared with the control groups by staining.

Results

The nanopeptide fiber was 10-30 nm in diameter and 200-500 nm in length under the atomic-force microscope. It had the characteristics of nano-scale materials. Flow cytometry showed that the isolated and cultured cells were positive for CD29 (98.51%), CD90 (97.87%), and CD166 (98.32%) but did not express CD31 (1.58%), CD34 (2.42%), CD45 (2.95%), or human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR (0.53%), consistent with the immunophenotype of Ad-MSCs. Then, a tissue model was printed using the biological ink, followed by induction of differentiation of Ad-MSCs within the tissue model. Alizarin red S staining showed the formation of calcium nodules in the osteogenesis induction experimental group, and oil red O stained lipid droplets in Ad-MSCs in the adipogenesis induction experimental group, whereas the two control groups were not stained.

Conclusion

Ad-MSCs from primary cultures have the characteristics of stem cells. Self-assembled nanopeptide hydrogel is a good tissue engineering material that can serve as an extracellular matrix. Ad-MSCs in the 3D-printed tissue model using a biological ink consisting of a mixed solution of self-assembled nanopeptides and Ad-MSCs grew well and still had strong differentiation ability.
A multicenter clinical study: personalized medication for advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas with the guidance of Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft (PDTX)
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Qin Shu-kui , Li Jin , Dai Guang-hai , Shen Bai-yong , Shen Jie-er , Ba Yi , Wang Xin-bo , Xu Ye , Zhou Lin , Ding Ke-feng , Qin Yan-ru , Yang Shu-jun , Zhu Yan-ping
Published: February 2021

Background: Establish patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) from advanced GICs and assess the clinical value and applicability of PDTX for the treatment of advanced GICs. Method: Patients with advanced GICs were enrolled in a registered multi-center clinical study (ChiCTR-OOC-17012731). The performance of PDTX were evaluated includes: analyzing factors that affect the engraftment rate, comparing the histological consistency between primary tumors and tumorgrafts, examining the concordance between the drug effectiveness in PDTXs and clinical responses, and Identifying genetic variants and other factors associated with prognosis. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled in the study with the engraftment rate of 75.8% (25/33). The successfulness of engraftment was independent of age, cancer types, pathological stages of tumors, and particularly sampling methods. Tumorgrafts kept same histopathological characteristics as primary tumors. Forty-nine regimens involving twenty-eight drugs were tested in seventeen tumorgrafts. The median time for drug testing was 134.5 day. The follow up information of 10 regimens from 9 patients were obtained. The concordance of drug effectiveness in PDTXs and clinical responses was 100%. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the effectiveness of single drug regimens, while the outgrowth time of tumorgrafts was associated with the effectiveness of combined regimens. Conclusion: The engraftment rate in advanced GICs is higher than other cancers and meets the general acceptable standard of applying personalized therapeutic strategies. Tumorgrafts from PDTX kept attributes of primary tumor. Predictions from PDTX modeling highly agree with the clinical drug responses. PDTX may already be clinical applicable for the personalized medication in advanced GICs.
Ultrasonic synthesized Konjac gum/PEG-silver nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: KARAKUŞ SELCAN , Taşaltın Nevin , Taşaltın Cihat , Üllen Nuray Bekoz
Published: February 2021

Green and low-cost synthesis strategy for ultrasonic preparation of polymer blend matrix based silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and the development of rapid and high sensitive detection route have a great attention in biomedical applications. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the hydrogen peroxide detection performance of Konjac gum (KG)/PEG-Ag NPs. The KG/PEG-Ag NPs was synthesized via an ultrasonic process and characterized by different techniques such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, we determined the experimental optimization on the effect of the rheological parameters of nanostructure with the highest correlation constant (R 2 : 0.989-0.996), and the intrinsic viscosity (14.71-26.77 dl/g). To provide the miscible polymer blends and homogeneous dispersion of the nanostructure, we compared the rheological parameters with the experimental results. The response time was less than 5 s and the lower limit of detection was 0.071 μM. This novel highly sensitive, rapid, and naked-eye colorimetric biosensor based Ag NPs which are prepared ultrasonic manufacturing approach, opens up a green approach of development facile and rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide in practical biomedical applications.
Progressive failure analysis of slope water damage based on improved Green-Ampt infiltration model
Authors: Chen Bin , Ren Qingyang , Wang Feifei , Zhang Renkun , Liu Beilei , Jia Yanping
Published: February 2021

In order to get the law of rainwater infiltration and the law of progressive water damage, the slope of Tianshang bridge foundation in Yunnan Province is taken as the engineering basis. The site investigation of the damaged slope is carried out, The traditional Green-Ampt model is improved by considering the ponding effect of dynamic water flow on the slope surface. Based on the variation characteristics of wetting front obtained by the improved infiltration model, the progressive failure process of slope with continuous infiltration is simulated by FLAC3D software. The results show that: the water damage of Tianshang bridge slope is mainly caused by the slope absorbing a lot of rainwater in a short time, which has obvious time discontinuity characteristics in time, and shows obvious multi-layer progressive failure characteristics in failure space. The wetting front characteristics obtained by the improved Green-Ampt infiltration model are more consistent with the engineering practice, the water accumulation effect of surface water gradually weakens with the increase of the wet front depth. the slope failure develops gradually from the toe to the top and from shallow to deep, and the intermittent failure characteristics provide surplus time for the engineering treatment, the gravel soil slope should be treated after a small-scale water damage occurs.
Role of family functioning and health-related quality of life in pre-school children with dental caries. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bilal Sobia , Abdulla Anshad Mohamed , Andiesta Niekla Survia , Babar Muneer Gohar , Heng Allan Pau Kah
Published: February 2021

Background
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to extend the earlier researches and to evaluate the effect of family functioning on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and caries status in a sample of 4-to 6-year-old Chinese pre-school children in Malaysia.
Methodology:
This study was approved by the institutional Joint Research and Ethics Committee, International Medical University, Malaysia (number 373/2016); consisted of 180 eligible pre-school children from a private school. Study tools included demographic, clinical oral health data form, the ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale) and family functioning − 12-item general functioning subscale (GF-12). Written consent was sought prior to data collection. Data were analysed by SPSS v.22.0; descriptive statistics for socio-demographic details, clinical information, HRQoL and FAD scores. The parametric tests included independent sample t-test and ANOVA to evaluate the associations between the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the impacts on OHRQoL (P value < 0.05).
Results
A response rate of 80.5% was achieved. Sample means for FAD-GF12 items fell in the nonclinical range score < 2, indicating normal family functioning. The ECOHIS scores mean was 0.52 (SD = 0.68). The highest score of impacts reported was 20 on the children impact section (CIS) and 12 on family impact section (FIS). It was observed that children with dental caries had a significant (P = 0.014) negative impact on OHRQoL (mean 0.72, SD = 0.50) as compared to children with no caries (mean 0.34 SD = 0.39). The bivariate regression analysis showed that family functioning and dental caries status were associated with the outcome. The odds suggested, children with Poor family functioning were six times more likely to have poor OHRQoL as compared to those with good family functioning. After adjusting it with family functioning, the odds were decreased (3.17) suggesting that poor family functioning can lower the OHRQoL.
Conclusion
Findings of this study indicates the policy makers to consider including a potentially important variable of family functioning in caries preventive educational healthcare programmes. This would aid in assessing and improving family functioning which in turns effects the quality of life.
Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity of Proanthocyanidins From Cinnamomum Camphora
Authors: Yang Haibo , Xu Pingluo , Song Wei , Zhai Xiaoqiao
Published: February 2021

In this study, the contents of total phenols (TP) and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the leaves and branches of Cinnamomum camphora were investigated, and isolated PAs were determined using reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS. The anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Furthermore, the scanning study and L-DOPA oxidation were performed to further analyzed the inhibition mechanism of PAs on tyrosinase catalytic activity. PAs had strong inhibitory effects on tyrosinase monophenolase activity, with effectively prolonged the delay time and decreased the steady-state of monophenolase activity. For diphenolase activity, the PAs both showed reversible and mixed inhibition. Moreover, the PAs showed strong antioxidant activities in scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 1,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The PAs in leaves showed stronger anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that C. camphora may be a good resource for tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants. This study could provide a scientific basis for the resource utilization of C. camphora and the development of new natural tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants in medical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries.
Effect of Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures on K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics By Microwave Heating
Authors: Lagunas Anggel , Navarro-Rojero Maria Guadalupe , Salvador Maria Dolores , Catalá Jose Manuel , Borrell Amparo
Published: February 2021

Powders of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were successfully synthesized via conventional and microwave-assisted heating. A single-mode microwave equipment was used to perform the synthesis following the mixed oxide route and then sintering at different temperatures. The synthesized powders obtained and then sintered by microwave and conventional methods were evaluated by thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Microwave synthesis processing for 10 minutes at 650 ºC using a heating rate of 30 ºC/min promotes the formation of 2 K0.5Na0.5NbO3 nanoparticles. Perovskite structure formed during calcination shows the coexistence of tetragonal-orthorhombic geometry according to XRD patterns. The microwave-obtained particles are consistent with the theoretical stoichiometry. Particle size increases as the reaction temperature is increased from 650 ºC to 800 ºC. An intermediate phase (K,Na)2Nb4O11 is formed in the entire range of synthesis temperatures studied. The samples obtained by microwave sintering show a structure similar to the samples sintered by the conventional method. However, the porosity observed in the microstructure of the microwave-sintered piezoelectric materials affects the density of the material, and these defects cause a decrease in the dielectric values.
Climate Variations, Culture, and Economic Behaviors by Chinese Households
Authors: Zhang Dayong , Li Jun , Ji Qiang , Managi Shunsuke
Published: February 2021

Societies adapt to climate variation and develop unique cultures that lead to distinctive economic behaviors across different regions. To estimate the climate-economic link and test the hypothetical role of culture, this paper uses a nationwide survey at the household level in China, together with historical temperature data at the prefectural city level for empirical analysis. The results show the significant role of local climate variation on consumption, savings, and investment decisions by households. Harsh weather conditions are associated with lower consumption, lower income, and higher savings. It is also associated with a lower probability of purchasing risky financial assets. Using a sample of migrating families, we find strong evidence that culture is an important channel in the climate-economic relationship. Additional support for this view is found through the ‘catching up with the Joneses’ effect documented in the economics literature. Overall, this research provides an alternative perspective for understanding the long-run behavioral impact of climate change.
Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie Formula Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guan Jia-Qi , You Li-Yan , Mao Zhu-Jun , Qin Lu-Ping
Published: February 2021

Background: Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie (YP-SJ) formula is a Chinese herbal formula with unique advantages for the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of YP-SJ formula in regulating myocardial autophagy. To determine whether YP-SJ formula can be used as an adjuvant therapy for DCM, its therapeutic effects and mechanism in myocardial injury caused by type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats were determined. Methods: A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to induce DCM in rats. Biochemical reagents were used to analyze blood glucose levels, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined insulin levels, echocardiography assessed cardiac structure and function, histopathology was used to detect myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, myocardial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. Results: After treatment with YP-SJ formula, DCM rats’ metabolism was abnormal and myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction were significantly improved. In addition, compared with DCM, YP-SJ formula significantly increased the number of autophagosomes, the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and autophagy related 12 (Atg12) ; the expression of phosphorylated FoxO1 and p62 was significantly decreased, and the level of myocardial autophagy was increased. Conclusions: YP-SJ formula can alleviate the myocardial damage caused by T2DM, and thus may serve as an alternative treatment for DCM.
Self-supervised Learning Method to Solve the Inverse Problem of Fokker-Planck Equation
Authors: Liu Wei , Kou Connie Khor Li , Park Kun Hee , Lee Hwee Kuan
Published: February 2021

The Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) has been used in many important applications to study stochastic processes with the evolution of the probability density function (pdf). Previous studies on FPE mainly focus on solving the forward problem which is to predict the time-evolution of the pdf from the underlying FPE terms. However, in many applications the FPE terms are usually unknown and roughly estimated, and solving the forward problem becomes more challenging. In this work, we take a different approach of starting with the observed pdfs to recover the FPE terms using a self-supervised machine learning method. This approach, known as the inverse problem, has the advantage of requiring minimal assumptions on the FPE terms and allows data-driven scientific discovery of unknown FPE mechanisms. Specifically, we propose an FPE-based neural network (FPE-NN) which directly incorporates the FPE terms as neural network weights. By training the network on observed pdfs, we recover the FPE terms. Additionally, to account for noise in real-world observations, FPE-NN is able to denoise the observed pdfs by training the pdfs alongside the network weights. Our experimental results on various forms of FPE show that FPE-NN can accurately recover FPE terms and denoising the pdf plays an essential role.
Determinants of Decision to Use and Continued Use of Online Shopping Medium: A Bivariate Probit Approach
Authors: Oke Timothy , Ramachandran T.
Published: February 2021

Internet shopping has grown rapidly all over the world, Nigeria, inclusive owing to the associated benefits and growth in digital environment. Despite the benefits associated with online purchasing, the medium has not been widely used yet in Nigeria. This study was therefore, conducted to determinants factors influencing decision to use and continued use of online shopping medium in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected using self-constructed structured questionnaire administered to 210 respondents out of which data from 198 respondents were suitable for coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics and biprobit regression model were used for analysis. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and STATA version 12.0. Results of analysis showed that 106 respondents have used online purchasing medium while just 56 of them continued the use of online purchasing medium. Decision to use online purchasing medium was negatively influenced by age and positively influenced by online literacy while continued use was negatively influenced by perceived financial risk involved and positively influenced by perceived convenience, perceived privacy concern, year spent using the internet and amount spent on internet subscription monthly. The study concludes that socio-demographic factors, risk factors and web-based factors significantly influence decision to use and continued use of online purchasing medium in Nigeria.
Genetic Comparison of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Fusarium Oxysporum Endophytes from Vanilla sp. in Mexico
Authors: Rosa Felipe Roberto Flores-de la , Jiménez-Gasco María del Mar , Adame-García Jacel , Rivera-Fernández Andrés , Rodriguez Mauricio Luna
Published: February 2021

Fusarium oxysporum is an ubiquitous inhabitant of soils with an important role as an endophyte in several plant species, being a neutral, benefic or pathogenic endophyte. Neutral and pathogenic strains have been reported for vanilla crops (F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae), and a polyphyletic distribution of pathogenic strains has been demonstrated. However, there is no study of a molecular genetic comparison between both groups associated with vanilla. This study is aimed to evaluate if a genetic differentiation is possible between both groups. Different microsatellite regions were amplified and data were used for genetic and statistic comparisons between pathogenic and non-pathogenic endophytes. Further, the Sequence Type of TEF-gen was determined and a phylogeny was constructed. Also, SIX gene presence was evaluated using universal primers. Results show that, based on microsatellite data, a differentiation between the two groups is not possible, however, UPGMA and CA analysis suggest that the pathogenic group is a subgroup of the non-pathogenic group. Phylogeny confirms that the ability to infect vanilla is a polyphyletic trait, but comparison with UPGMA shows that some strains have a similar genotype by convergent evolution. A Bayesian approach suggests that strains can be divided into three genetic groups. For SIX genes, amplification was not possible, thus, we hypothesized three possible explanations. Genetic differentiation among pathogenic and non-pathogenic F. oxysporum endophytes from vanilla is not possible with microsatellite data, which corresponds with the Horizontal Gene Transference hypothesis. However, the SIX genes were no-detected in any pathogenic strain, three hypotheses are planted to explain this results.
Educational Value of YouTube Surgical Videos of Thulium Laser Enucleation of The Prostate (ThuLEP): The Quality Assessment
Authors: Yang Kunlin , Meng Yisen , Zhang Kai
Published: February 2021

Objective: To assess the educational value of YouTube surgical videos of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP).Design: A comprehensive search of “ThuLEP” or “thulium laser enucleation of the prostate” was carried out on YouTube on October 31th, 2020. According to the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS, we created a checklist to assess the educational value of these videos. The checklist included 20 options. Each option represented one point. The total score was the sum of all the points. The higher score represents the higher educational value.Results: A total of 70 videos were included. The average number of views were 1366 (range 11-30884). The mean video length was 16.59 mins (range 1.20-70.35 mins). Only 22.9% (16/70) videos had audio or/and written commentary in English language. Although 67.4% (47/70) videos were present step by step, only 21.4% (15/70) videos did the detailed explanation of critical steps. The mean score of the videos was 5.5 points (range 1-15). No videos met all the points of the checklist. The mean percentage conformity of the videos was 28% (rang 5%-75%). The educational score of the videos had no significant positive correlation with the number of views.Conclusion: The majority of ThuLEP videos on YouTube platform have a low educational value. Videos often lack important and detailed explanations about surgical procedure. These findings remind us that a global effort should be made to improve the educational value of YouTube surgical videos, and more reporting guidelines are still needed.
Antiangiogenic Antibody BD0801 Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Achieves Synergistic Antitumor Activity and Affects the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Xue Liting , Gao Xingyuan , Zhang Haoyu , Wang Qian , Li Feng , Li Xinxin , Yu Xiaohong , Lu Zhihong , Huang Yue , Tang Renhong , Yang Wenqing
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Instruments for Measuring Incidents Related to Patient Safety in the Context of Paediatric Intensive Care - Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Oliveira Helga , Marques Ricardo Rafael , Curado Maria Alice Santos , Gaspar Maria Filomena , Sousa Paulo
Published: February 2021

Background: Patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care, but one of the biggest challenges currently faced and a serious public health problem, since the occurrence of adverse events is probably one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vulnerability of the paediatric population, combined with the potentially dangerous context of intensive care, makes Paediatric Intensive Care Units services of particular complexity in matters of safety, where there is a greater likelihood of incidents with serious consequences. It is agreed that research on the topic of PS should start with the measuring of different types of harm that exist in the contexts, to identify high-risk areas and define priorities. For this, it is necessary to resort to a multiplicity of valid, reliable and specific measurement instruments and to learn their advantages and limitations. Objectives: Identify and map in scientific literature the instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety applicable in the context of paediatric intensive care.Methods: This review will cover studies and documents that refer to all measurement instruments used in the field of ​​patient safety in a context of paediatric intensive care. Published studies of a quantitative, qualitative or mixed nature and grey literature relevant to the topic will be included, in Portuguese, English or Spanish and produced since 2015. The sources of information include several databases and sources relevant to grey literature. The two authors will independently conduct the entire data selection process. The results of the research strategy will be presented in a PRISMA flowchart. The extracted data, after being organised in the extraction table, will be mapped in a descriptive and logical way, taking into account the defined review questions.Discussion: The mapping of the tools in these protocol will allow to summarize the most widely used instruments, to know their specificities and to guide researchers to use the most appropriate measurement tools for their context, specifically, in paediatric intensive care.Scoping Review Registration: This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/dashboard, DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/V435E.
Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Glycemic Status to Different Mode of High-Intensity Training in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sabouri Mostafa , Hatami Elaheh , Shabkhiz Fatemeh , Pournemati Parisa
Published: February 2021

Background: Exercise is considered to improve metabolic markers in type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared inflammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to a different mode of high-intensity interval training in patients with T2DM.Methods and Results: 59 T2DM patients (age= 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n=15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=16), HIIT+ST (n=15) or served as control (CON) (n=13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions.All training protocols ameliorated antioxidant factors (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL and, LDL,) and glycemic parameters. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly decreased in three training groups; however, these change was more pronounced in the ST+HIIT group. As a result of training, the overall concentration of inflammatory and antioxidant status was improved significantly in all three groups than the CON group and baseline values (P≤ 0.05). Moreover, non-substantial differences were found among groups on and measured glycemic variables. Conclusions: Our results showed improvement in inflammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycolytic indices in all groups regardless of their type. However, for more benefits in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.
Maternal Opinions on Breastfeeding, Introducing Solids, and Postpartum Weight Loss
Authors: Cauble Jennifer , Herman Amy , Daley Christine M , Hull Holly R
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Early cessation of breastfeeding, inappropriate introduction of solids, and postpartum weight retention are associated with negative health outcomes for mother and infant. The purpose of this study was to understand timing of and factors that influence infant feeding decisions and barriers that women face when breastfeeding, introducing solids, and losing weight postpartum to inform future interventions.Methods: Eleven women who had recently delivered (infant age 3-10 months) were recruited from a Kansas City Metro pediatric office. All women were currently breastfeeding or had previous breastfeeding experience. Women completed a feeding survey and participated in a group interview to obtain information regarding breastfeeding, introducing solids, and postpartum weight loss. A content and text analysis were performed to summarize the data.Results: Predominant emerging themes were: (1) Inadequate knowledge for caring for self and infant (2) Desired knowledge from a Healthcare Provider (3) Feeding decisions were made before pregnancy and preparation took place in the second/third trimesters (4) Unmet breastfeeding goals (5) Clear guidelines on introducing solids are lacking (6) ) Those that achieve pre-pregnancy weight have a different body shape and weight distribution (7) and Lack of time and energy make postpartum weight loss hard. Conclusions: Overall, women do not feel they have adequate information to successfully breastfeed, introduce solids, or lose weight postpartum. They would like basic and practical information on both caring for and feeding themselves and their infant. They would like this information provided to them both during pregnancy and during well child visits.