bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal forecasting of hydrological drought in the Limpopo Basin: a comparison of statistical methods
Authors: Seibert Mathias , Merz Bruno , Apel Heiko
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The Limpopo Basin in southern Africa is prone to droughts which affect the livelihood of millions of people in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Seasonal drought early warning is thus vital for the whole region. In this study, the predictability of hydrological droughts during the main runoff period from December to May is assessed using statistical approaches. Three methods (multiple linear models, artificial neural networks, random forest regression trees) are compared in terms of their ability to forecast streamflow with up to 12 months of lead time. The following four main findings result from the study. 1. There are stations in the basin at which standardised streamflow is predictable with lead times up to 12 months. The results show high inter-station differences of forecast skill but reach a coefficient of determination as high as 0.73 (cross validated). 2. A large range of potential predictors is considered in this study, comprising well-established climate indices, customised teleconnection indices derived from sea surface temperatures and antecedent streamflow as a proxy of catchment conditions. El Niño and customised indices, representing sea surface temperature in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, prove to be important teleconnection predictors for the region. Antecedent streamflow is a strong predictor in small catchments (with median 42 % explained variance), whereas teleconnections exert a stronger influence in large catchments. 3. Multiple linear models show the best forecast skill in this study and the greatest robustness compared to artificial neural networks and random forest regression trees, despite their capabilities to represent nonlinear relationships. 4. Employed in early warning, the models can be used to forecast a specific drought level. Even if the coefficient of determination is low, the forecast models have a skill better than a climatological forecast, which is shown by analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). Seasonal statistical forecasts in the Limpopo show promising results, and thus it is recommended to employ them as complementary to existing forecasts in order to strengthen preparedness for droughts.
Risk assessment of liquefaction-induced hazards using Bayesian network based on standard penetration test data
Authors: Tang Xiao-Wei , Qiu Jiang-Nan , Hu Ji-Lei
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Liquefaction-induced hazards are responsible for considerable damages to engineering structures during major earthquakes. Presently, there is not any effective empirical approach that can assess different liquefaction-induced hazards in one model, such as sand boils, ground cracks, settlement, and lateral spreading, due to the uncertainties and complexity of multiple related factors of seismic liquefaction and liquefaction-induced hazards. This study used Bayesian network method to integrate multiple important factors of seismic liquefaction, sand boils, ground cracks, settlement and lateral spreading into a model based on standard penetration test historical data, so that the constructed Bayesian network model can assess the four different liquefaction-induced hazards together for free fields. In the study case, compared with the artificial neural network technology and the Ishihara and Yoshimine simplified method, the Bayesian network method performed a better classification ability, because its prediction probabilities of Accuracy, Brier score, Recall, Precision, and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC of ROC) are better, which illustrated that the Bayesian network method is a good alternative tool for risk assessment of liquefaction-induced hazards. Furthermore, the performances of the application of the BN model in estimating liquefaction-induced hazards in the Japan's Northeast Pacific Offshore Earthquake also prove the correctness and reliability of it compared with the liquefaction potential index approach. Except for assessing the severity of hazards induced by soil liquefaction, the proposed Bayesian network model can also predict whether the soil is liquefied or not after an earthquake, and it can deduce the process of a chain reaction of the liquefaction-induced hazards and do backward reasoning, the assessment results from the proposed model could provide informative guidelines for decision-makers to detect damage state of a field induced by liquefaction.
POSSIBILIDADE DE LETRAMENTO EM LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Pimentel da Silva Maria do Socorro
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste texto é ampliar o debate sobre ‘letramento em línguasindígenas’ e sua função sociocultural na vitalidade e manutençãodo patrimônio cultural e natural dos povos indígenas. E significa,em primeira instância, entender a diferença entre os processos deletramento em língua portuguesa e nas línguas indígenas. Nestas,uma das reivindicações de uso da escrita é a de se constituir em umespaço memorial para guardar o patrimônio cultural, a criatividadedos povos indígenas, as riquezas das culturas e o conhecimentotradicional indígena sobre a natureza. Em situação de perda aceleradada língua materna indígena, a escrita tem funcionado como umrecurso de movimentação a favor da saúde das línguas na medidaem que aumenta a consciência linguística dos falantes do risco deextinção desse bem cultural, que acontece, na maioria vezes, pela falta de escolaridade nessas línguas.
SABERES INY EM CADA CICLO DA VIDA
Authors: Karajá Manaijè
Published: March 2017

Apresento neste estudo um conhecimento importante relacionado ao ciclo da vida do povo Iny desde seu nascimento, como as pessoassão educadas e orientadas em cada ciclo. É muito importante o quecada pessoa recebe de educação de seus familiares em cada fase davida. É importante entender como e de quem a pessoa recebe seunome.
CICLO DA VIDA INY (KARAJÁ)
Authors: Lariwana Karajá Leandro
Published: March 2017

Toda organização do povo Iny está relacionada com o ciclo danatureza e a crença do mundo espiritual existente no céu, na água, enas matas. A educação do povo Iny é especial em cada ciclo da vida.Esta forma de educação existe entre nós Karajá, começando desde onascimento, até a fase adulta, e, no decorrer desse tempo, o aprendizrecebe vários tipos de saberes tradicionais de seus familiares e daprópria comunidade, o que veremos mais para frente.
SABERES INDÍGENAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: De Oliveira Wahuka Sinvaldo
Published: March 2017

Neste texto revelo a importância da Ação ‘Saberes Indígenas na Escola’.Essa ação tem motivado os professores e as comunidades indígenasa aperfeiçoarem os conhecimentos do povo Iny. Muitos dessessaberes não eram citados ou narrados nos pátios das comunidades,nos terreiros das casas das famílias, ou nos grupos de homens emulheres, muito menos nas escolas. Isso vinha acontecendo dessaforma, porque não tinha mais motivação na comunidade para fazeressa atividade. Os professores (as) não consideravam esses saberesno ensino pedagógico da escola. Isso provocava o silêncio dosconhecimentos ancestrais. Agora os conhecimentos estão ganhandomais movimento e vida nas comunidades.
CICLO DA VIDA INY
Authors: Uriawa Karajá José
Published: March 2017

Em 12 de fevereiro de 2014 fiz o meu trabalho de pesquisa com otema: o ciclo da vida do povo Iny. A pesquisa foi realizada na aldeiaUtaria Wyhyna e aconteceu por meio de entrevista com o TEWARIBUKARAJÁ, sobre a relação do ciclo da vida. No conhecimento da vidaIny, o ciclo vital vai da gestação até o idoso.
CICLO DA VIDA DO POVO INY
Authors: Matalòri Karajá Edi
Published: March 2017

Coloco neste texto parte da minha pesquisa que fiz na comunidade.Peguei muitas informações sobre o ciclo da vida do povo Iny.Busquei as informações nas comunidades Hawalorá e Itxalá, aldeiassituadas no Estado do Mato Grosso. Eu escolhi esse tema, porqueessa organização está cada vez mais sendo deixada de lado pelos Iny.Com esta pesquisa quero incentivar os jovens para viver este tipode educação. Não podemos abandonar nossa educação. Isso podequebrar a nossa organização social, porque alguma parte dessaorganização está sendo substituída pelos objetos do não indígena.Isso nós não queremos que aconteça.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONHECIMENTO DO ARENTESCO NA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA INTERCULTURAL DO POVO JAVAÉ
Authors: Tewaxi Javaé Ricardo
Published: March 2017

Estudar os parentescos e a importância doscumprimentos e fortalecer a valorização do conhecimento do nosso povo Javaé.
CICLO DA VIDA
Authors: Hatunaka Javaé Torrecele , Hatxikure Javaé Júnior , Ohori Javaé Júnior , Idiani Javaé Dorivaldo , Tewaxi Javaé Ricardo , Javaé Ruruca
Published: March 2017

Ciclo da vida do povo Javaé.
CICLO DE VIDA DA CRIANÇA JAVAÉ
Authors: Kurisiri Javaé Ademir
Published: March 2017

A relação da vida começa entre homem e mulher durante seu primeiro casamento. Dentre alguns meses da vida cotidiana, quandoa mulher atrasa sua menstruação, a partir daí começa a primeirageração da vida. No período de gestação a mulher começa comercomida preferida, uma coisa que a criança pede ao mundo. Apósnove meses, a criança nasce da barriga da mãe. Antigamente somenteas mulheres acompanhavam o parto, quem cuida nesse momento departo é a parteira. Às vezes aparece o pajé (hyri) quando aconteceultrapassagem do tempo de nascimento da criança. Ao nascer acriança e todos os parentes dão o primeiro banho na face da terra,independente do sexo, logo em seguida recebe uma oferenda,conhecida como mel, todos os parentes que acompanharam duranteesse evento comem o mel de europa, conhecido como boròtyrè.
CASAMENTO TRADICIONAL DO POVO AKWẼ XERENTE
Authors: Sinã Valci , Tpêkru Xerente Valteir
Published: March 2017

Ahâmre hã aimõ ĩptokrta nõrĩ krda sisnã damrõzem mnõ nã tkrê wam wasku mnõze tô kãnẽ, baknõ ku waptkã wi za tô ku ambâkmã nĩwar aimõ kmã mrõ pibumã are tô srurêre hawi za ku aimõsimã tkrê kmãdâk, tô tahã za ku tê wrahuk tô ĩptokwa nẽ, kãnẽ nãtaimõ krhêmba. Are tokto kmã mrõ pibumã tô wrahku parim si zaĩsõkrêmzukwa tmã nĩpês tô aimõ srurêre tkrê sõkrwassi mnõpra. Tôĩsnãkrta hawi nãt aimõ wanim romkmãdâ tô dasiwawizem nã tkrêkmã mrõ, kuzâ nõrĩ wahirê mẽ ĩsake nõrĩ kbazi mẽ. Tanẽnmẽ AkwẽXerente siwa siwawizem nã krsi snã mrõ mnõ pibumã psê kõdi kãnẽ:kuzâ nõrĩ kuzâ sikuwa mẽ tanẽ kõwa wahirê sikuwa mẽ, tanẽwa zaaimõ krsiwazem mnõ kõdi kãtô wanim romkmãdâ krsikmãdkâ prê mnõ kõdi.
O CICLO DE VIDA DA CRIANÇA AKWẼ CONVIVÊNCIA FAMILIAR/CRESCIMENTO
Authors: Srõne Xerente Rogério
Published: March 2017

Os Akwē aprendem a respeitar os outros e a natureza desde muito cedo, quando ainda são criança. Esses ensinamentos, bem como osensinamentos sobre o modo de vida akwẽ, são transmitidos pelosnossos pais, avós, tios e outros parentes. Durante o primeiro ano daAção ‘Saberes Indígenas na Escola’, desenvolvemos duas pesquisas,uma primeira sobre parentesco e clãs, e uma segunda sobre o ciclode vida da criança akwẽ. Este segundo tema foi mais explorado pornós, pesquisadores. Dividimos as pesquisas sobre o ciclo de vida dacriança akwẽ considerando as diferentes fases da vida da criança.Achamos que a vida da criança começa na gravidez, seguida doresguardo feito pelos pais durante a gravidez da mãe; a terceira faseé a do nascimento da criança, seguida pelo resguardo feito pelospais após o nascimento da criança. Depois vem a fase de nomeaçãoda criança, seguida do casamento e do término do ciclo de vida dacriança, que acontece por volta dos 40 anos, quando ela deixa de serconsiderada criança. É assim na cultura Akwē.
PỲNHE
Authors: Polino Sansão Jonas
Published: March 2017

Eu orientei os professores para que eles pesquisassem a si mesmos. Asperguntas orientadoras foram: Quem deu nome para eles ou elas? Nasfestas cerimoniais a qual partido cada indivíduo pertence? Quais aspessoas devem respeitar? Também identificar quem são os parentes?Pois cada um pesquisou a si mesmo explicando quem ele ou ela é.Era para os professores ou professoras fazerem as pesquisas com acomunidade toda. Mas eu como orientador pedi que eles ou elasescrevessem sobre eles mesmos. Nessa pesquisa foram descobertosnome próprio e nome usado como apelido. Pois pensamos que não há apelido e tem bastante. Ao pesquisarem sobre si mesmo,foram reveladas suas redes de relações com a comunidade, comocompadre, comadre, as festas que participam, quais as pinturas queusam, consideração com os mais velhos, a sogra, o sogro, o genro, anora etc.
EDITAIS DE CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS: ANÁLISE DAS ATRIBUIÇÕES DOS INTÉRPRETES EDUCACIONAIS LIBRAS-PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Francisco Camila , Santos Silvana Aguiar dos
Published: March 2017

No Brasil, uma série de políticas linguísticas em torno da Língua Brasileira de Sinais foram implementadas com maior vigor a partir do Decreto nº 5.626/05. Mesmo com os avanços das políticas linguísticas, há vários desafios quanto à contratação de tradutores e intérpretes de língua de sinais (TILS), principalmente, no contexto educacional. Esta pesquisa investiga as atribuições que deverão ser desempenhadas pelos profissionais nas cidades de Florianópolis e Itajaí, no contexto educacional da educação básica. O corpus utilizado nesta pesquisa restringiu-se aos editais de concursos públicos publicados nos anos de 2005 a 2013. No contexto educacional, aspectos como processos de aprendizagem dos alunos surdos, confusão de papéis entre a docência e o exercício tradutório são fatos que perpassam a atuação desses profissionais. Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de observar, analisar e classificar as atribuições presentes nos editais destinadas aos TILS nas cidades analisadas. A metodologia adotada é a análise documental, bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo. Os dados revelam que a cidade de Itajaí tem mais atribuições de cunho tradutório do que a cidade de Florianópolis. Constatamos ainda a necessidade de diretrizes sobre o exercício tradutório no contexto educacional, com respaldo nos preceitos da interpretação comunitária.Palavras-chave: intérprete educacional, Libras-Português, atribuições de trabalho.
LEGENDAS E JANELAS: QUESTÃO DE ACESSIBILIDADE
Authors: Carvalho Silva Daniel , Guimarães Faria Núbia
Published: March 2017

Em consonância às leis que contribuem com o direito dos surdos ao acesso às mídias televisionadas, este trabalho se propõe a refletir sobre o processo de recepção e compreensão dos surdos em relação aos programas televisivos e identificar suas preferências entre programas que apresentam legendas e os que têm janelas com intérpretes de Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Esse problema se coloca a partir do anseio da comunidade surda por ter respeitados seus direitos de acesso à cultura, ao lazer e a arte midiatizados por canais audiovisuais, que, em sua maioria, não disponibilizam legendas nem janelas. Ademais, busca-se evidenciar aspectos que contribuiriam não somente para o acesso, mas também para a aquisição da língua portuguesa e mesmo da Libras pelos surdos. Com o intuito de levantar uma amostra sobre o que surdos e intérpretes pensam sobre essas questões, foram aplicados dois questionários, o primeiro aos surdos e o segundo aos intérpretes de Libras. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado dessa pesquisa, feita a partir das informações coletadas nos questionários. Palavras-chave: legendagem, janelas para intérpretes de Libras na TV, acessibilidade.
A EDUCAÇÃO DE SURDOS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA INCLUSÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ADAPTAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS DIDÁTICOS
Authors: Zancanaro Luiz Antonio , Lui Zancanaro Tatiane Maria
Published: March 2017

Este artigo foca na experiência de adaptação de material didático para os alunos surdos de três escolas regulares, nas quais os professores trabalham com a presença do intérprete. A metodologia da pesquisa privilegiou o enfoque qualitativo por meio do uso de questioários aplicados aos professores regentes, aos alunos surdos atualmente matriculados nas escolas pesquisadas que usam como a sua primeira língua a Libras, e os intérpretes de Libras contratados como professores efetivos nessas escolas possuindo formação em pedagogia. O estdo aconteceu nas Escolas de Educação Municipal em Itajaí - Santa Catarina. Os dados coletados foram organizados em grupos de análise considerando os elementos de maior existência ou importância. Os dados indicam que os professores precisam ter informações e conceitos básicos sobre a língua de sinais, para que a inclusão escolar ocorra de fato. Algumas respostas dos questionários mostraram total desconhecimento sobre a Libras, sobre a cultura surda e a adaptação visual. O engajamento dos professores é de suma importância para a efetivação de práticas coerentes para o aprendizado do surdo, porém, toda a comunidade acadêmica tem um papel importante nesse processo, Observando-se a presença de alunos surdos na escola cria-se a necessidade de adaptações dos conteúdos e também a importância de aprender Libras como possibilidade de desenvolver a aprendizagem destes alunos surdos.
CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DO CODE-BLENDING OU SOBREPOSIÇÃO DE LÍNGUAS E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O CODE-SWITCHING
Authors: R Duarte Leydiane , Mesquita Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, procuramos dialogar com alguns dos importantes estudos feitos sobre o fenômeno linguístico denominado code-blending, um fenômeno característico do bilinguismo bimodal. Falantes bilíngues bimodais podem sinalizar uma língua de sinais e falar uma língua oral, além de alternadamente, ao mesmo tempo, o que não é facultado a falantes ‘mono-modais’ ou ‘unimodais’. O objetivo do trabalho é incentivar e fornecer às futuras pesquisas um direcionamento para novas investigações sobre um fenômeno ainda pouco explorado na literatura. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve revisão bibliográfica, com maior ênfase em algumas das importantes publicações das duas últimas décadas, período em que o assunto começou a chamar a atenção ao ser observado sob variados enfoques, despontando-o como um tema pertinente para várias áreas de investigação. Um maior foco é colocado sobre as discussões acerca da caracterização do code-blending como fenômeno distinto e ao mesmo tempo relacionável ao code-switching ou alternância de línguas.
PORTUGUÊS COMO SEGUNDA LÍNGUA: DIFICULDADES ENCONTRADAS PELOS SURDOS
Authors: Fleury Avelar Thaís , de Souza Freitas Karlla Patrícia
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho intitulado, Português como segunda língua: dificuldades encontradas pelos surdos tem como finalidade investigar os quatros alunos surdos do 3o ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio Elysio Campos, na Associação de Surdos de Goiás (ASG) e do Colégio Estadual Lyceu de Goiânia. O foco principal da pesquisa teórica relaciona os problemas apresentados pelos professores com a inclusão, especialmente a educação de surdos e a Língua Portuguesa. Também entender como os surdos se desenvolvem cognitivamente e subjetivamente no Português, pois na inclusão eles deveriam aprendê-la como segunda língua, o que nem sempre acontece, gerando problemas. Caso os professores passem a entender o ensino de Português para surdos como segunda língua, também poderão entender melhor sua leitura e escrita. Melhorando a relação professor-aluno e o desenvolvimento da compreensão utilizando-se de estratégias e conversas. O aprendizado poderá ocorrer por duas metodologias distintas: Português como língua estrangeira ou como segunda língua. A perspectiva bilíngue, Língua de Sinais e Língua Portuguesa, ajudam a melhorar o desenvolvimento dos alunos surdos, pois eles conhecem o significado das palavras e aprendem mais rápido. A prática da escrita pela experiência da leitura é um desenvolvimento necessário e presente na proposta bilíngue que aceita o Português como segunda língua (L2). Entende-se a importância da relação teoria e prática e pretende-se, através desta pesquisa, auxiliar os alunos surdos.
PAIS OUVINTES, FILHO SURDO: CAUSAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS NA AQUISIÇÃO DA LÍNGUA DE SINAIS COMO PRIMEIRA LÍNGUA
Authors: Rodrigues de Lima Santos Layane , Moura Carvalho Denise
Published: March 2017

Esta pesquisa analisa o processo de aquisição de linguagem de uma criança surda filha de pais ouvintes. O referencial teórico parte das discussões sobre teorias de aquisição da linguagem por surdos. A metodologia empregada é qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso que investiga fatores linguísticos e sociais no processo de aquisição de linguagem de uma criança surda. Foram feitas observações sobre a comunicação entre a criança surda e sua mãe ouvinte e foi coletado um questionário com o objetivo de saber a opinião da mãe a respeito de questões de aquisição de língua por sua filha surda. Os resultados indicam que a criança surda se comunica com a mãe mais por meio de gestos, gestos caseiros e língua oral do que por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Porém, quando há necessidade veemente de que mãe e filha se entendam, é feito o uso de gestos ou da Libras. Em consonância com os autores visitados, percebeu-se a necessidade do uso da língua de sinais como primeira língua dessa criança surda para uma efetiva e eficaz comunicação com a sua mãe. Dessa forma, este trabalho contribui para que a comunidade em geral e os pais ouvintes de crianças surdas conheçam o processo de aquisição de língua de seus filhos e busquem, a partir de estudos realizados aqui, a maneira mais saudável de estimular seus filhos a se comunicarem e se desenvolverem linguisticamente.
Genetic variation of european maize genotypes (Zea mays L.) Detected using ssr markers
Authors: Vivodí­k Martin , Gálová Zdenka , Balážová Želmí­ra , Petrovičová Lenka
Published: March 2017

The SSR molecular markers were used to assess genetic diversity in 40 old European maize genotypes. Ten SSR primers revealed a total of 65 alleles ranging from 4 (UMC1060) to 8 (UMC2002 and UMC1155) alleles per locus with a mean value of 6.50 alleles per locus. The PIC values ranged from 0.713 (UMC1060) to 0.842 (UMC2002) with an average value of 0.810 and the DI value ranged from 0.734 (UMC1060) to 0.848 (UMC2002) with an average value of 0.819. 100% of used SSR markers had PIC and DI values higher than 0.7 that means high polymorphism of chosen markers used for analysis. Probability of identity (PI) was low ranged from 0.004 (UMC1072) to 0.022 (UMC1060) with an average of 0.008. A dendrogram was constructed from a genetic distance matrix based on profiles of the 10 maize SSR loci using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). According to analysis, the collection of 40 diverse accessions of maize was clustered into four clusters. The first cluster contained nine genotypes of maize, while the second cluster contained the four genotypes of maize. The third cluster contained 5 maize genotypes. Cluster 4 contained five genotypes from Hungary (22.73%), two genotypes from Poland (9.10%), seven genotypes of maize from Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (31.81%), six genotypes from Czechoslovakia (27.27%), one genotype from Slovak Republic (4.55%) and one genotype of maize is from Yugoslavia (4.55%). We could not distinguish 4 maize genotypes grouped in cluster 4, (Voroneskaja and Kocovska Skora) and 2 Hungarian maize genotypes - Feheres Sarga Filleres and Mindszentpusztai Feher, which are genetically the closest.
The content of total polyphenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in selected varieties of quince (Cydonia oblonga mill.)
Authors: Bystrická Judita , Musilová Janette , Lichtnerová Helena , Lenková Marianna , Kovarovič Ján , Chalas Marek
Published: March 2017

Quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is an important source of bioactive compounds, especially of polyphenolic compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids also of minerals and vitamins. This compounds exhibit health promoting properties including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic and cardioprotective properties. Quine fruit have a high therapeutic value, can be used as good sources of antioxidants. This study provides some knowledge about content of total polyphenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in selected varieties of quince fruit samples. Four quince fruit cultivars (Semenáč, Konstantinopler Apfelquitte, Cydora Robusta, Mammut) were analysed. The content of the total polyphenols (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) at 765 nm using spectrophotometer. Ascorbic acid (AsA) content was determined using standard HPLC gradient method. Antioxidant activity (AA) was measures using a compound DPPH˙(2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The content of (TPC) in fresh samples of quince fruit ranged from 661 ±11.60 mg.kg-1 to 1044 ±11.03 mg.kg-1 and content of AsA were in interval from 151 ±0.58 mg.kg-1 to 215 ±0.75 mg.kg-1. The values of antioxidant activity in quince fruit samples were in range from 26.90 ±0.61%to 49.14 ±0.38%. Statistically significant highest content TPC, AsA and AA was recorded in cultivar Konstaninopler Apfelquitte and statistically lowest content was recorded in cultivar Semenáč. The content of TPC, AsA and AA beside the variety may be affected by many factors also climatic conditions and the agrochemical composition of the soil.
The influence of variety on the content of bioactive compounds in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Kovarovič Ján , Bystrická Judita , Tomáš Ján , Lenková Marianna
Published: March 2017

Vegetable are widespread throughout the world and is a major part of the human diet. From the perspective of agricultural crops that belong to the group of Beta vulgaris (beetroot, mangold, sugar beets, fodder beet) are first-rate vegetables. Especially popular is used in the food industry for the production of sugar, various vegetable juices, coloring agents, and many other products. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is considered one of the ten most important vegetable in the world, thanks to the content of rare natural pigments (betalains), polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fiber. In this work we evaluated content of bioactive substances, especially the content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in several varieties (Cylindra, Kahira, Chioggia, Crosby Egyptian) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Samples of plant material were collected at full maturity stages from areas of Zeleneč (Czech Republic). Zeleneč is area without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were homogenized and were prepared as an extract: 50 g cut beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracted by 100 mL 80% ethanol for sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyses. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wavelength against blank. The content of total anthocyanins was measured at 520 nm wavelength of the blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the spectrophotometer. In the present experiment it was detected, that total polyphenols content in samples ranges from 218.00 mg.kg-1 to 887.75 mg.kg-1, total anthocyanins content in samples ranges from 14.48 ±0.40 mg.kg-1 to 84.50 ±4.71 mg.kg-1 and values of antioxidant activity were in interval from 8.37 ±0.29% to 21.83 ±0.35%.
Polyphenols and phenolic acids in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) roots
Authors: Musilová Janette , Bystrická Judita , Árvay Július , Harangozo Ľuboš
Published: March 2017

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. They are rich in polyphenols, proteins, vitamins, minerals and some functional microcomponents. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds, which can protect the human body from the oxidative stress which may cause many diseases including cancer, aging and cardiovascular problems.The polyphenol content is two to three times higher than in some common vegetables. Total polyphenols (determined spectrophotometrically) and phenolic acids (i.e. caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isomers - using high performance liquid chromatography) contents were determined in three varieties of sweet potatoes (O´Henry - white, Beauregard-orange and 414-purple). Phenolic compounds contents were determined in raw peeled roots, jackets of raw roots and water steamed sweet potato roots. For all analysis lyophilised samples were used. Total polyphenol content ranged from 1161 (O´Henry, flesh-raw) to 13998 (414, peel-raw) mg.kg-1 dry matter, caffeic acid content from the non-detected values (414, flesh-raw) to 320.7 (Beauregard, peel-raw) mg.kg-1 dry matter and 3-caffeoylquinic acid content from 57.57 (O´Henry, flesh-raw) to 2392 (414, peel-raw) mg.kg-1 dry matter. Statistically significant differences (p ≤0.05) existed between varieties, morphological parts of the root, or raw and heat-treated sweet potato in phenolic compounds contents.
Effect of protein concentrate supplementation on the composition of amino acids in milk from dairy cows in an organic farming system
Authors: Horký Pavel , Skládanka Jiří­ , Nevrkla Pavel , Falta Daniel , Čáslavová Iva , Knot Pavel
Published: March 2017

Our experiment examined the effect of feeding a protein concentrate supplement on the composition of amino acids in milk from dairy cows managed in an organic farming system. The experiment included two groups of cows. Animals in both groups received an identical basic feed ration composed of maize silage, clover-grass haylage from the first cutting, grass haylage from the first cutting, winter wheat and spring barley. The first group of dairy cows (n = 10) served as a control without the addition of protein concentrate to the feed ration. The second experimental group (n = 10) received in addition to the basic feed ration a protein concentrate composed of soybean, sunflower and linseed cakes at rate 1 kg per head per day. The experiment lasted 30 days. Milk analysed for amino acid content was sampled at 10-day intervals. Addition of the protein concentrate significantly increased milk contents of aspartic acid, proline, threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid. A significant decrease of valine also was recorded in milk from the experimental group. The results of our experiment show that a protein concentrate supplement can affect concentrations of some amino acids in milk from dairy cows.
Swedish Principals’ Understanding of the Concept: Education Based on Research and Proven Experience
Authors: Rapp Stephan , Kroksmark Tomas
Published: March 2017

This study aims generate new knowledge concerning how principals in primary and secondaryeducation in Sweden conceive of and experience the concepts of ‘research basis’ and ‘provenexperience’. The study included in-depth interviews with eight principals. The interviews wereanalysed, and the results are theoretically founded in the phenomenographic life-world.The results indicate that Swedish principals in primary and secondary schools are poorlyprepared for managing schools where the education must be based on research and provenexperience. The principals have no education in this area, nor do they have any co-workerswho can take the responsibility to implement and/or generate research-based knowledge. Aninteresting question is: Does education require a specific research concept that differs fromthe academies definition?
Eating and Mourning the Corpse of the World: Ecological Cannibalism and Elegiac Protomourning in Cormac McCarthy'sThe Road
Authors: Huebert David
Published: March 2017

Cormac McCarthy's ecopocalyptic novel, The Road (2006), is rife with cannibalism. Throughout McCarthy's oeuvre, however, cannibalism is not common; it only appears in one previous novel and does not earn an entry in the index of The Cambridge Companion to Cormac McCarthy (2013). This article argues that the abundance of cannibalism in this novel is not incidental. Rather, McCarthy's frequent depictions of cannibalism within the setting of ecological apocalypse encourages the reader to pair these two aspects of the text; The Road suggests that insofar as the planetary ecosystem is the “body” of the human species, recent human history has been a spectacle of the particular type of species self-cannibalization I call “ecological cannibalism.” This article questions the novel's apparently clear moral dichotomy between “good guys” and bad guys (129), arguing that the man and the boy are not fundamentally distinct from human meat-eaters. Rather, an ecological perspective reveals a nebulous ethical zone that complicates McCarthy's ostensible bifurcation of characters into the categories of unequivocal good and evil. Finally, this article argues that McCarthy tempers the novel's tendency toward environmentalist proselytizing by engaging in what I call “elegiac protomourning,” a literary technique that acknowledges the bare reality of loss rather than simply re-emphasizing the environmentalist drive to conserve.
Memento Mori, Memento Vivere: Early Nietzsche on History, Embodiment, and Value
Authors: Dries Manuel
Published: March 2017

The centrality of the embodiment of mind, self, and values for the later Nietzsche is widely acknowledged. Here, I reconstrue Nietzsche's HL to show that he uses his drive model of the mind already in this early text. The “historical sickness” central to HL is diagnosed in the form of failures of embodiment and drive control. First, I argue that a precursor to Nietzsche's figure of “the last human” is already the target in HL. Second, I offer working definitions for terms such as “drives,” “affects,” and “values,” which are crucial to Nietzsche's heuristic diagnostic framework. I then focus on the neglected passage that contrasts the medieval memento mori with a modern memento vivere, showing that the former functions as an embodied mechanism of willing and self-control, which Nietzsche claims the moderns have been unsuccessful in replacing. Finally, I draw on recent research in embodied cognition and identify two causes—“overload” and “semantic embodiment”—of the modern “historical sickness” that undermines flourishing.
Emden's Nietzsche
Authors: Kail P. J. E.
Published: March 2017

This article discusses Christian Emden's conception of Nietzsche's naturalism. I begin by noting that Emden's reliance on Joseph Rowe's conception of naturalism is deeply problematic and that Emden's articulation of it is underdeveloped. These problems weaken his objections to other naturalistic readings. I then turn to discuss problems with Emden's discussion of genealogy as “descriptive” rather than “explanatory.” Finally, I object to Emden's claim that normativity is at the center of Nietzsche's concerns.
Mediation, Assimilation, and German Foundations in North America: Francis Daniel Pastorius as Cultural Broker
Authors: Lambert Margo M.
Published: March 2017

One of the first Germans to settle in the Pennsylvania colony, Francis Daniel Pastorius left behind many manuscripts detailing a rich life. Studying his manuscripts reveals much about the first German settlers and the world they inhabited, a group that has been only slightly studied. One important aspect of Pastorius's German American life was his role as a cultural broker between the English Quakers and the first German settlers. Because of his education and inclinations, Pastorius emerged as a mediator between the two cultures. He negotiated the first land purchases, encouraged William Penn's support of German settlement, and sought naturalization—truly connecting the two cultures. This article explores how he educated one culture about the other and helped make a place for the Germans, and those to come, in their new colonial home.
“The High Price of Living”: The Lives of Insolvent Laborers in Jacksonian-Era Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 1815–1842
Authors: McCoy Michael B.
Published: March 2017

Drawing on regional price data, prison calendars, poorhouse records, and insolvent debtor petitions, this article considers the lives and material conditions of Jacksonian-era Cumberland County workingmen. While much attention has been paid to the state's destitute urban populations, much less scholarship has been devoted to offering a comparable analysis of the economic lives of nonagricultural rural laborers. By examining the causes and consequences of insolvency and by constructing a detailed picture of insolvent laborers' material conditions, this article offers greater insight into the lives of impoverished rural laboring men and, in so doing, demonstrates a clear uniformity in the economic experiences of rural and urban workers living in Jacksonian Era Pennsylvania. Indeed, if economic historians have demonstrated a convergence of urban and rural prices and wages in the antebellum era, the petitions and petitioners speak to a similar alignment in the material lives of urban and rural workers.
The Keystone Markers of Pennsylvania: History in Cast Iron and a Good Sign for the Future
Authors: Graham Jack
Published: March 2017

A project to save and restore town markers created in the 1920s by the Pennsylvania Department of Highways is presented.
Appointing and Removing Academic Staff in Public Institutions: The Level of Autonomy at Kyambogo University, Uganda
Authors: Justin Ayebare , Abdu Kisige , Eric Gitta , Jackson Betihama , Joseph Kimoga
Published: March 2017

Many governments, the university sector and the European Commission have recognized that increasing university autonomy represents a crucial step towards modernizing higher education in the 21st century. This study which was conducted at Kyambogo University highlights that in practice, public authorities still play a central role in the regulation of higher education systems more especially in the appointment and dismissal of academic staff. Despite the fact that the ministry has moved away from direct state control towards more “indirect” steering mechanisms, universities often continue to lack autonomy in many crucial areas, particularly in terms of filling staff positions. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish the level of institutional autonomy in academic staff appointment and removal at Kyambogo University. The researchers analysed each dimen¬sion of university autonomy in terms of appointment and dismissal of academic staff. We found out that appointment and removal of the academic staff in Kyambogo University was not in line with what is provided for in the Human Resource Manual and national guiding Acts, Laws and Standing orders. We recommend that since universities have a unique duty to perform that requires specific skilled staff, they should be given autonomy in the appointment and removal of these staff.
Impacts of land-use and management systems on organic carbon and water-physical properties of a Latossolo Amarelo (Oxisol)
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Fonseca da , Santos Glenio Guimarães , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo , Oliveira Geraldo César de , Dias Bruno De Oliveira , Santos Djavan Pinheiro , Silva Júnior Juvenal Pereira da
Published: March 2017

The Cerrado biome has outstanding territorial relevance in the state of Piauí, in which weather conditions, relief and favorable soil has made this region one reference in food production. This study focused to evaluate the effects of different land uses, management systems and their respective terms on organic carbon content and physical properties of a Latossolo Amarelo (Oxisol) in the Southwestern Piauí state. The study was performed in the city of Uruçuí, situated in the southwestern Piauí state. We assessed nine farming areas with different backgrounds regarding land-use, management system and run time. The treatments consisted of areas under no-till for 3 and 6 years (NT3 and NT6), under pasture for 2 and 5 years (PA2 and PA6), under eucalyptus plantation for six and twelve years (EU6 and EU12), under conventional tillage for two and 8 years (CT2 and CT8) and under native Cerrado (NC), which represented a reference condition. Conversion of the native Cerrado into no-till and grazing areas increased soil organic carbon content over time.
Canopy growth and productivity of Jatropha genotypes
Authors: Pereira Joseanny Cardoso da Silva , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Laviola Bruno Galvêas , Portes Tomás De Aquino , Alves Júnior José , Casaroli Derblai
Published: March 2017

Information of jatropha genotypes yield are scarce, but necessary to promote the crop establishment, so it is very important for the commercial planting of this crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the canopy growth and productivity of three jatropha genotypes. The experimental design was a randomized block, with 15 treatments, three replications and five plants per plot. The jatropha genotypes were selected because they have some special characteristics: (CNPAE-107 - small size, CNPAE-133 - productive and CNPAE-169 - seeds without toxicity) obtained in the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil. The data were collected for five cycles of production. We evaluated: grain yield; height and canopy volume. Treatments differ in all characteristics. Jatropha grain yield has been growing along the first four years of evaluation, however, in the fifth year production was lower when compared to the fourth year. The most productive genotype was CNPAE-133 (2123.8 Kg ha-1 year), followed by CNPAE-107 genotypes (2076.5 Kg ha-1 year) and CNPAE-169 (913 Kg ha-1 year), the highest yields were obtained at 3.7 years.
Physical properties of sunflower seeds during drying
Authors: Smaniotto Thaís Adriana de Souza , Resende Osvaldo , Sousa Kelly Aparecida de , Campos Rafael Cândido , Guimarães Denner Nogueira , Rodrigues Gabrielly Bernardes
Published: March 2017

The aim of this work was to determine the effect that the moisture content has on the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The cultivar Olisun 3, with an initial moisture content of 34.1 (% wb), was used and then subjected to drying in an oven with forced air ventilation under three temperature conditions: 40, 60 and 80 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored by the gravimetric method until it reached a final moisture content of 8.0 ± 1.0 (% wb). The physical properties were analysed: the bulk density, true density, intergranular porosity and volumetric shrinkage of the mass and unit and terminal velocity. The reduction in the moisture content influenced the physical properties of sunflower seeds and caused a decrease in the intergranular porosity, bulk density and true density at all examined temperatures. The mass and volumetric contractions of the unit and reduction in shrinkage rates all increased with the drying of sunflower seeds at all studied temperatures. The terminal velocity increased as the moisture content of the grains increased, which was more evident at the drying temperature of 80 °C.
Microbiological evaluation of lettuce produced by conventional and organic systems in farms of Londrina, PR
Authors: Niguma Natalia Harumi , Pelayo Jacinta Sanchez , Oliveira Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de
Published: March 2017

The aims of this study were to evaluate the contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), produced in Londrina, Paraná (PR), with total coliform, coliform at 45 °C, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and to determine the E. coli contamination of irrigation water used at the farms studied. Four farms were evaluated, of which three produced lettuce using a conventional system and one using an organic system. An evaluation of the production practices of the farms was also carried out. A total of 111 samples were analyzed, 71 lettuce samples from the conventional system and 40 samples from the organic system. A total of eight irrigation water samples were collected for analysis. Coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of conventionally grown lettuce samples, and Salmonella spp. was isolated in 1.4% (1/71) of those samples. In the organic lettuce samples, 12.5% (5/40) had coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Irrigation water samples from three farms were unsatisfactory, with counts higher than 102MPN of E. coli per 100mL. The results of this study demonstrate that most conventionally grown lettuce samples show good sanitary conditions in production, and that lettuce contamination is not related to contamination found in irrigation water samples. The results also showed that the organic production practices required by Brazilian certification agencies should be applied to ensure that contamination of produced lettuce remains controlled.
Sensory and chemical properties of peanut grains (Arachis hypogaea L) roasted in microwave or oven
Authors: Ziegler Valmor , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Rockembach Caroline Tuchtenhagen , Pereira Cláudio Martin Pereira de , Oliveira Maurício De , Elias Moacir Cardoso
Published: March 2017

Peanut grains are an excellent source of proteins and lipids. Before consumption, peanuts are subjected to a roasting process to acquire desirable sensory characteristics, in addition to eliminating microorganisms present. However, this processing step can cause various changes in lipid and protein fraction of grains, which are not totally elucidated in the literature. This study evaluated parameters such as the lipid acidity, peroxide value, primary (K232) and secondary (K270) products of lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, reducing sugars, browning index, protein solubility, protein content and intention to purchase of peanut kernels with four colors of testa (striped, rose, red and black), subjected to the roasting process in microwave or oven. After processing, there was a reduction in lipid acidity and unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in saturated fatty acids, peroxide value, K232 and K270 in oil. There was a reduction in protein solubility and reducing sugars, with an increase in browning index. The purchase intention was higher for microwave-roasted red and rose peanut grains, which makes this form of processing interesting due to its convenience and speed.
Thermoduric psychrotrophic proteolytic microbiota from refrigerated raw milk
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Jose Carlos , Beloti Vanerli , Massi Fernanda Pelisson , Fungaro Maria Helena Pelegrinelli
Published: March 2017

Thermoduric microorganisms may withstand high temperatures during the pasteurization of milk. Therefore, the microbiota in pasteurized milk consist of thermoduric microbes and directly influence the shelf-life of the milk. The aim of this study was to identify thermoduric psychrotrophic proteolytic microbiota in refrigerated raw milk. Twenty samples, previously heat-treated, were streaked and incubated at 7°C for 10 days. The strains isolated were streaked on milk agar to assess proteolytic activity and were initially analyzed morphologically by light microscopy and then by molecular techniques to identify the species. In 40% of the samples analyzed was observed only one bacterial growth and others 10 thermoduric psychrotrophic fungi. All isolates were proteolytic. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene identified the bacterial strain as Bacillus pumilus and analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of fungal isolates revealed the Cladosporium cladosporioides (60%), Curvularia geniculatus (10%), and the 3 remaining strains were identified as Geotrichum candidum (30%). This is a fist description of B. pumilus in Brazilian raw milk. Considering the spoilage potential of all isolates and of the fungi present in raw milk and their survival in pasteurized milk, it is extremely important to carry out further studies to your resistant to heat, their impact on the shelf-life of pasteurized milk, ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk and dairy products.