bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotope Exchange Kinetics in Clay-Water System
Authors:   , Furkert Roderick John
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of reactions at solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces is of great importance in the study of all adsorption phenomena. Techniques that enable a study of molecules (liquid or gaseous) adsorbed onto a surface may be divided into two categories: (a) those that upset the equilibrium between molecules in the gaseous (or liquid) phase above the solid surface and molecules actually adsorbed onto it, and (b) those that do not. Those techniques that do not disturb this equilibrium will give results that would be expected to have greater reliability than those obtained from techniques that upset this equilibrium (for example by heating or by affecting one component of the equilibrium by titration, precipitation etc.) In an endeavour to study the properties of water adsorbed onto various substances such as clay, wool and textile fibres without affecting the equilibrium the technique of isotopic exchange has been developed. Essentially the procedure is to take a closed adsorber system in equilibrium with a gas (or liquid), part of which is in the sensitive region of a geiger counter, and to add a very small amount of radioactively labelled gas (or liquid) to the system. The adsorber is placed in the bottom of a geiger counter out of the sensitive volume and a known fraction of gas (or liquid) is in the sensitive volume. As the system is at equilibrium there is continuous exchange between the adsorbed molecules on the sample and the molecules in the gaseous (or liquid) state. Thus, when a very small amount, by weight, of the radioactively labelled gas (or liquid) is added to the system, exchange will take place with the non-radioactive molecules adsorbed on the surface of the material under study. Thus radioactivity will be removed from the sensitive volume of the geiger counter and adsorbed onto the surface of the material, and so the specific activity (count rate), as measured with the geiger counter, will drop. The advantage of this technique is that the equilibrium between the adsorbed molecules and the free gas (or liquid) is not disturbed. The actual amount of radioactive material added is so minute that there is no effective change in the concentration of the free gas (or liquid).
Unholy Matrimony: Forced Marriage in New Zealand
Authors:   , Radhakrishnan Priyanca
Published: November 2021

This study explores the issue of forced and underage marriage in Aotearoa New Zealand. It documents the stories of survivors of actual and threatened forced marriage. It also records the survivors‟ analyses of their experiences and their recommendations for changes that may deter the practice in New Zealand. This study postulates that forced marriage is not a cultural issue per se, but a form of violence against women, shaped by socio-political forces and practised by some. It examines notions of „honour‟ and „shame‟ which are often inextricably linked to the issue of forced marriage. The study goes on to provide an overview of genderbased violence in Asia, Africa and the Middle East as well as diaspora communities internationally and in New Zealand. This research study is heavily influenced by GAD thought and by various epistemologies including postcolonial feminism, subaltern studies and participatory action research. As such, it emphasises self-reflexivity and focuses on „gender relations‟ than „women‟ as the category of analysis. The views and potential contributions of eleven stakeholder agency participants in terms of addressing the issue of forced marriage are also included in this study. The study also examines relevant existing New Zealand legislation in light of the country‟s international obligations regarding marriage. Specific recommendations on both social and legislative reforms are provided in an attempt to promote a collaborative, multi-sector response to address the issue from the perspectives of both intervention and prevention. In conclusion, this study, which is the first of its kind in New Zealand, hopes to shed light on an issue that is a human rights violation. It aims to promote action to deter the practice and to progress the rights of ethnic minority women in New Zealand without fuelling an anti-minority discourse. Finally, it attempts to fill a number of knowledge gaps in academic, policy and legislative literatures.
Making ICU Research Happen: a Qualitative Descriptive Study About the Role of the Research Nurse in New Zealand Level III Intensive Care Units
Authors:   , Mackle Diane Margaret
Published: November 2021

This study explored the role of the research nurse in New Zealand (NZ) Level III intensive care units (ICU). Little was known about this role in NZ prior to this study. A qualitative, descriptive approach, using semi-structured interviews was used. The study was conducted in six Level III ICUs throughout NZ, who employed a research nurse. Interviews were conducted with research nurses (n = 11), the doctors they work with (principal investigators) (n = 6) and nurse managers (n = 6) for the ICUs, and the findings were triangulated. The views across all ICUs and stakeholders were generally similar, with differences only being in some operational areas. This study found that the primary role of the research nurse was trial management, where they coordinated all elements of trial conduct. Almost half of the research nurses were also involved in trial design through their positions on management committees. Research nurses also played a vital role in patient and trial advocacy, and they bridged the knowledge gap by bringing research to staff nurses, patients and their families. The issue of consent for clinical trials in the ICU setting was significant, as this was a process which research nurses were very involved in. Consenting patients was a shared responsibility of research nurses and doctors. There was a perception that research nurses were senior nurses, but not necessarily because of their role in research. The majority of research nurses reported to a nursing line manager, and also had an informal accountability to the principal investigator (PI). Research nurses and PIs worked closely in the pursuit of rigorous research for ICU patients, and research nurses were highly regarded by PIs. This study provides clarity about the research nurse‟s role and showcases their key contribution in ensuring that NZ ICUs undertake high quality research, thus contributing to potential improvements for future patients‟ outcomes.
Environmental Sustainability in New Zealand Museums: A Case Study of Te Manawa Museum, Gallery and Science Centre
Authors:   , Finigan Nina Helen
Published: November 2021

Environmental sustainability is becoming an increasingly essential component of modern life. The contemporary museums’ role as public educators, and as guardians of tangible and intangible culture, places them in a unique position to address the various issues surrounding environmental sustainability, from climate change, to bio-diversity loss, to conservation. There is increasing momentum behind the idea that museums should not only engage with environmental sustainability, but that they indeed have a responsibility to. Although museums throughout New Zealand are addressing environmental sustainability, there is currently no thorough examination of how they are doing this. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was so find out the current state of environmental sustainability in New Zealand museums, and specifically how staff are approaching it. Through engaging in a case study of Te Manawa Museum, Gallery and Science Centre, Palmerston North, and specifically the environmentally themed exhibition Te Awa/The River: Heart of the Manawatu, this dissertation analyses and discusses the realities of addressing institutional environmental sustainability. While the previous literature surrounding this topic has addressed the many reasons why museums should engage with environmental sustainability, this dissertation has expanded on this by analysing and discussing the realities of addressing environmental sustainability from a staff perspective. Through interviews with five Te Manawa staff members, this dissertation has revealed that while museum professionals agree that engagement with environmental sustainability should become part of bottom line holistic sustainable development, the status of museums as trusted democratic institutions can place them in a conflicted space ‘in-between’ when dealing with polarising issues such as the environment. This is particularly relevant to the discussion around new-museological theory, and the importance of local context and reflexive community engagement, where the community essentially help drive museological direction and content.
Structure, Faulting and Gas Accumulation: Southeast Wanganui Basin, New Zealand
Authors:   , Pledger Lloyd
Published: November 2021

There has been low interest in petroleum exploration in the Wanganui Basin as it lacks known hydrocarbon source rock of sufficient age or burial depth. However, the onshore Southeast Wanganui Basin has many occurrences of methane-rich biogenic gas found in shallow water wells. This project used three studies across the Horowhenua area to examine the faulting style in the Southeast Wanganui Basin where it is bounded by the Tararua range- front, and how this faulting relates to the accumulation of gas deposits in the shallow sedimentary section. South of Levin the Tararua range front steps laterally near Muhunoa East Road. A previous seismic reflection line identified a deep intra-basement arrival, which could have been either a low-angle thrust fault or side-swipe from a pull-apart basin at the step in the Tararua range front. Two seismic lines and a gravity survey found no sub-vertical drops in basement depth which would indicate the presence of a pull-apart basin or a favourable surface off which a laterally travelling seismic wave could reflect. The intra-basement arrival on the previous seismic line was therefore interpreted to be from an intra-basement low-angle thrust fault. Also two biogenic gas sites also were surveyed. A shallow gas reservoir east of Levin on Wallace Road, abutting the Tararua range front, had been discovered when a water well was drilled; and a potential reservoir southwest of Sanson was located when an aerial survey identified a domed structure with high resistivity. In both areas biogenic gas was thought to be trapped in buried sand dunes at a depth of approximately 20 m. Shallow seismic refraction and reflection methods and amplitude variation with offset analysis were used to map both reservoir bodies and confirm the presence of biogenic gas.
A Search for Discriminative Linguistic Markers in ICT Practitioner Discourse, for the Ex Ante Identification of Disruptive Innovation
Authors:   , Bloodworth Ian
Published: November 2021

Disruptive innovations have the potential to disrupt markets, and drive them in new directions. A common problem faced by business organizations is identifying such disruptive innovations. From a managerial perspective, there is real value in being able to accurately identify disruptive innovations early in the product life-cycle, as it affords the organization the opportunity to put in place business strategies that leverage this information, to gain maximal competitive advantage. This investigation was undertaken to determine if linguistic markers could be identified in ICT practitioner discourse that could be used to discriminate between traditional business intelligence (BI) - the legacy or incumbent technology, and software-as-a-service (SaaS) BI - a new technology and candidate disruptive innovation. Quantitative content analysis undertaken using the tool Veneficium WordFrequencyCounter, was used to analyze written practitioner discourse identified from within the Industry Newsgroup file of LexisNexis Academic universe. Analysis was undertaken using attribute sets derived deductively from the academic literature, and inductively from the data itself, which provided both manifest and latent meaning of component words. Individual relative word associations with both the traditional BI and SaaS BI corpora were also analyzed. Analysis of the attribute set usage data provided evidence that manifest and latent word meaning remained consistent for the time period investigated in this study (2000 to 2012), and so could support the purpose of this study, and was suggestive of the fact that SaaS BI could be a disruptive technology. The study also identified that there was a significant difference in vendor and industry attribute set usage between the SaaS BI and traditional BI corpora, consistent with the Abernathy-Utterback model. Analysis of individual word associations with the traditional BI and SaaS BI corpora identified a number of word association patterns that could discriminate between traditional BI and SaaS BI that may be transferable to other technologies. A crossover event pattern was also identified (in which the word association pattern switches between the incumbent and new technology), which may be able to provide an indication that a technology innovation is, or is about to become, disruptive. This study contributes a new approach for investigating disruptive innovation, and highlights the potential of using content analysis of practitioner discourse to identify linguistic markers for disruptive innovation. The key contribution of the study is the observation that discriminative linguistic markers can in fact be identified, and that such markers appear to have predictive capabilities. That is, they may allow organizations to identify disruptive innovations ex ante.
Profiling Initialisation Behaviour in Java
Authors:   , Nelson Stephen Frank
Published: November 2021

Freshly created objects are a blank slate: their mutable state and their constant properties must be initialised before they can be used. Programming languages like Java typically support object initialisation by providing constructor methods. This thesis examines the actual initialisation of objects in real-world programs to determine whether constructor methods support the initialisation that programmers actually perform. Determining which object initialisation techniques are most popular and how they can be identified will allow language designers to better understand the needs of programmers, and give insights that VM designers could use to optimise the performance of language implementations, reduce memory consumption, and improve garbage collection behaviour. Traditional profiling typically either focuses on timing, or uses sampling or heap snapshots to approximate whole program analysis. Classifying the behaviour of objects throughout their lifetime requires analysis of all program behaviour without approximation. This thesis presents two novel whole-program object profilers: one using purely class modification (#prof ), and a hybrid approach utilising class modification and JVM support (rprof ). #prof modifies programs using aspect-oriented programming tools to generate and aggregate data and examines objects that enter different collections to determine whether correlation exists between initialisation behaviour and the use of equality operators and collections. rprof confirms the results of an existing static analysis study of field initialisation using runtime analysis, and provides a novel study of object initialisation behaviour patterns.
High Throughput Drug Discovery in S. Cerevisiae: the Characterisation of FC-592 and FC-888
Authors:   , Sampson Liam D P
Published: November 2021

The discovery and characterisation of novel small molecule drug candidates is a medical priority. Recent advances in synthetic organic chemistry allow the de novo production of diversity oriented synthetic compound libraries and synthetic modification of natural products to provide candidate compounds for screening as potential therapeutics, bioactive agents or genetic probes. Small drugs function through interaction with complex genetic networks and pathways. However, it is difficult to characterise these interactions on a genome wide level to achieve understanding of drug mechanism. Here, discovery based approaches are utilised to achieve system wide parsing of biological mechanism, in an attempt to characterise the action of novel synthetic compounds and natural product derivatives. Chemical genomic analysis allows for such understanding by examining growth profiles of a genomic deletion library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of drug. The gene targets of small molecule compounds can be identified by noting deletion strains which display increased sensitivity, indicating chemical interaction with the associated gene network. In addition, the development and characterisation of resistant mutants can be used to identify putative drug targets. In this strategy, characterisation of the mechanism of resistance gives insight into drug mode-of-action. This study develops a high throughput yeast inhibition assay to identify bioactive compounds from a synthetic organic compound library, and attempts to characterise mechanism of action by establishing a profile of each compound’s interaction with these gene networks; and mapping a resistance mutation to provide evidence of inhibitory mechanism. Two candidate compounds are identified, FC-592 and FC-888. FC-592 displayed cytostatic inhibition. Further, yeast tag microarray homozygous profiling (HOP), chemical structure analysis, and cell-cycle analysis via flow cytometry for this compound provided evidence for a mechanism of poor specificity that targets glycoprotein biosynthesis and the secretory (Sec) pathway, as well as the cell-division cycle (CDC) pathway. Attempts to characterise a mutant resistant to this compound via synthetic genetic array mapping were unsuccessful when the resistance mutation proved to mediate a slow growth phenotype, abrogating the Synthetic Genetic Array Mapping approach utilised. Pending further analysis, it is suggested that this compound could have a role as a genetic probe in future exploration of the Sec and CDC pathways. Chemical structure analysis and a non-specific HOP screen chemigenomic profile suggested that FC-888 is an alkylating agent with a broad affinity for cellular nucleophiles. The compound demonstrates cytotoxic activity, and its efflux is not mediated by the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) network. It is suggested that the compound could find utility as a probe dissecting processes related to cellular defence against non-DNA specific alkylation.
Body | Sense Experience: An Architecture of Atmosphere and Light
Authors:   , Amour Sol
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores notions of the immaterial and metaphysical in architecture. It seeks to ‘elicit a sense of wonder’ in a participant of experiential space by promoting awareness of the metaphysical through atmosphere, affect and light. Architecture is more than purely a physical tangible object - it also crosses into the realms of the intangible, ephemeral and perceptive. The immaterial within architecture is just as important as the physical, if not more so, where a participant’s perception of space is informed more by the swirling climate of atmospheric ephemera than that of material form. It is through light that architecture is enlivened and imbued with character and meaning and it is the immaterial aspect of light that evokes a sense beauty and wonder within built form. The body/sense experience, looked at through the lens of the affect, evokes an intimately humanistic response to architectural space that is unbound by race, religion, culture or creed. This allows for architecture to become the catalyst for an awareness of the metaphysical, evoked through atmosphere, affect and light. Ultimately this thesis argues that the intangible, elusive and transitory moments within architecture are just as important as the physically present tangible object. It stresses the importance of architecture that is understood and experienced holistically, where created atmospheres, interaction of light and bodily cognition of space shape the way in which the built world is perceived.
Impact of Electronic Course Materials on Short Loan Libraries
Authors:   , Banerjee Namrata
Published: November 2021

The advent of Electronic Course Materials (ECM‟s) services in academic libraries has had a remarkable impact on academic libraries, since they provide new prospects for libraries, library staff and various new methods for accessing library services for its users. With the challenge for the librarians growing in multiple scope due to Information Communication Technologies (ICT) applications. This study will look at how and to what degree has the implementation of ECM‟s made an impact on staff‟s work in academic libraries. The purpose of this proposed research study is to explore how Electronic Course Materials (ECM‟s) have affected the work of librarians in academic short loan collection in New Zealand tertiary institutions. This study adopted a mixed-method approach and utilized both qualitative and quantitative research methods. An online survey was applied for this study where questionnaires were sent to the respondents via a URL. This study sought to find out whether ECM‟s have made any impact on staff‟s work. The resulted indicated that ECM‟s setting is in a state of transformation. This transformation has enabled the library staff to learn new technology to work with ECM‟s effectively and this has encouraged them to learn new skills in order to achieve the required results. There is very limited research in this area; this makes it beneficial to investigate this area. Research findings will prove beneficial to the librarians as they could look at the research findings and compare their services with the result. Academic libraries could use new technologies to improve their services, which may help them to support the teaching and learning process.
True Stories: New Zealand Narrative Nonfiction: A Bibliography Based on Appeal Theory
Authors:   , Samsom Karen Lee
Published: November 2021

Research problem: Readers’ advisory services are generally recognised as a core service offered in New Zealand public libraries. Currently no readers’ advisory resources or tools exist based solely on New Zealand content, either for narrative nonfiction or fiction. The aim of this bibliography was to provide librarians with a tool to find New Zealand narrative nonfiction books within the context of a readers’ advisory framework. Methodology: The bibliography is based on appeal theory and takes the approach of creating a narrative nonfiction readers’ advisory tool. 112 New Zealand narrative nonfiction books are described, classified by genre and identified by their appeal elements, characteristics that give readers insight into a book’s qualities: character, mood, pacing and story line. Results: The development and dissemination of a readers’ advisory tool increases awareness of New Zealand narrative nonfiction genres and content. It offers a New Zealand point of reference that supports nonfiction leisure reading and promotes narrative nonfiction readers’ advisory services. Implications: The organisation of the bibliographic records into a library using Zotero referencing software enables the material to become an online New Zealand narrative nonfiction readers’ advisory tool. An online environment increases the utility by broadening the scope of access to librarians, readers or other individuals with an interest in sourcing references relating to New Zealand narrative nonfiction writing.
Library Use and Information-Seeking Behaviour of Academics at Lincoln University
Authors:   , He Ying
Published: November 2021

Academics are an important user group for their university libraries. Academic libraries are trying very hard to balance limited funding and users’ needs, especially while the information-seeking behaviour of academics is being changed by electronic resources. This study was undertaken to discover the information-seeking behaviour of academics and their use of the library at Lincoln University of New Zealand. The results from this study will be useful to enhance the collection development and prioritise programs and services to meet academics’ needs more effectively. An online survey was used for this study. All academics from the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the Faculty of Commerce and the Faculty of Environment, Society and Design were selected and 49 academics responded. The results indicated that a great number of academics depend on libraries for getting information. Academics are facing a big problem regarding the lack of time to obtain information. They also display great interest in using online journal articles and printed books from Lincoln University Library. However, academics are not interested in using the latest tools, such as smart phones, e-Pads etc. It was also established that academics from different disciplines have a very similar information-seeking behaviours. In addition, academics are satisfied with the library resources and services but they do not use it as much as they recommend it to students. Finally, academics have little contact with library staff. Based on these findings, it was recommended that library resources should continue to have both electronic resources and printed resources. Librarians and library systems must do better to improve the time lost in information-seeking by academics. There is a need to improve the communication and collaboration between librarians and academics to encourage academics to use more library resources in their teaching, and librarians should encourage academics to learn the latest information-seeking tools and skills, as well as promote the library services and resources more.
Dominion
Authors:   , Harrison Leon Thomas
Published: November 2021

FADE IN: New Zealand. 2020s. While Wellington has suffered a major earthquake and is on the way to recovery, Masterton is complete disintegration ...
Chaos Theory Is For Lovers
Authors:   , Hansell Jessica
Published: November 2021

This portfolio includes creative writing that was undertaken at the International Institute of Modern Letters in 2012. The project also features illustration, photography, cartoons and other graphic work alongside my writing. CHAOS THEORY IS FOR LOVERS subscribes to the DIY aesthetic I employ as a comic and self-published zinemaker. Once I completed this very challenging body of written work, I wanted to give the text a fun and experimental visual life. I hope this portfolio is as rewarding to read as it was to create.
Between two worlds: a study of migrant writers in New Zealand
Authors:   , Margot Schwass
Published: November 2021

This thesis begins with a consideration of what constitutes migrant writing, and points to the difficulties in arriving at an absolute definition. Some justification is given for the fact that the ensuing discussion concerns short stories alone, and some of the particular qualities of the short story which make it an appropriate form for migrant literature are examined. The first chapter also makes a brief survey of the context for migrant writing within New Zealand literature, and compares the work of several short story writers, migrant and non-migrant. The work of two New Zealand migrant short story writers is discussed closely in the chapters that follow: Amelia Batistich's stories are examined in Chapter Two, and Yvonne du Fresne's in Chapter Three. In each discussion, formal qualities are given equal attention as matters of content and theme. The final chapter attempts to draw connections between the work of these two writers and the problems of definition raised in the first chapter. Consideration is also given to the attitudes and expectations of readers of migrant fiction. The appendices to the thesis contain biographies of Amelia Batistich and Yvonne du Fresne, and transcripts of conversations with them. The conversations were recorded in 1984, and have been lightly edited. A bibliography is included which provides a selective guide to the two authors published and unpublished work, and a full account of all secondary material consulted.
A Study of the Uptake of Cu²⁺ by Calcium Silicate by Batch and Continuous Reactors for Potential Commercialisation
Authors:   , Barassi Giancarlo
Published: November 2021

This study presents a significant advancement in the understanding of the uptake of Cu2+ by nanostructured calcium silicate (NCaSil) and to develop a strategy of using it in a continuous manner using packed columns. The NCaSil structure consists of micro-sized agglomeration of nanometre-sized platelets of calcium silicate. This arrangement grants the material a large surface area of 400 to 600 m2 g-1. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption of Cu2+ onto NCaSil in batch were studied at temperatures ranging from 277 to 333 K. The reaction between Cu2+ and NCaSil occurred rapidly, being endothermic and exhibiting an increase in the entropy meaning that the adsorption process became more spontaneous when the temperature was increased. Furthermore, the uptake resulted in the formation of copper sulfate hydroxide minerals in the form of Cu4(OH)6SO4·nH2O, where n is equal to 2 for wroewolfeite, 1 for posnjakite and 0 for brochantite. Using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy it was proven that at temperatures between 293 and 313 K wroewolfeite and posnjakite were intermediates in the formation of brochantite. Specifically at high temperatures of 333 K and Cu2+ concentrations higher than 15.7 mmol L-1 the reaction proceeded directly to the formation of the thermodynamically stable compound brochantite. A kinetic study of the crystal growth was carried out using powder-XRD which showed that the rate determining step towards the formation of brochantite is the nucleation of SO4 2-. Additionally, a value for the activation energy of 42 kJ mol-1 using powder-XRD data was obtained for the formation of the crystallographic plane 420 in the brochantite crystal. A sample of a real mining waste was collected and analysed. Based on this sample an emulated waste was generated. The NCaSil was tested for the uptake of Cu2+ ions from this emulated mining waste, showing that the use of NCaSil is feasible at pH values greater than 3. The production and use of NCaSil may be coupled to existing mining waste treatment processes in order to remove dissolved copper from solution and produce a copper rich solid as the by-product. NCaSil was packed inside a conventional axial flow column and a radial flow column, which was developed as part of this project. The former proved to be impractical due to a large pressure drop through the column, while the latter was impractical due to short operational times before breakthrough. Nonetheless, the radial flow column was operated by immersion in a tank exhibiting similar kinetics of copper ions uptake to those observed in batch processes. Therefore, the scale-up of this process was proposed including the necessary equations keeping the ratio of the tested radial flow column.
Nonprobative Photos Inflate the Truthiness and Falsiness of Claims
Authors:   , Newman Eryn J.
Published: November 2021

When people evaluate claims they often rely on what comedian Stephen Colbert calls truthiness, judging claims using subjective feelings of truth, rather than drawing on facts. Over seven experiments I examined how nonprobative photos can manufacture truthiness in just a few seconds. I found that a quick exposure to a photo that relates to, but does not provide any probative evidence about the accuracy of claims can systematically bias people to conclude claims are true. In Experiments 1A and 1B, people saw familiar and unfamiliar celebrity names and, for each, quickly responded "true" or "false" to the claim "This famous person is alive" or (between subjects) "This famous person is dead." Within subjects, some names appeared with a photo of the celebrity engaged in his/her profession whereas other names appeared alone. For unfamiliar celebrity names, photos increased the likelihood that subjects judged the claim to be true. Moreover, the same photos inflated the truth of "Alive" and "Dead" claims, suggesting that photos did not produce an "alive bias," but a "truth bias." Experiment 2 showed that photos and verbal information similarly inflated truthiness, suggesting that the effect is not peculiar to photographs per se. Experiment 3 demonstrated that nonprobative photos can also enhance the truthiness of general knowledge claims (Giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump). In Experiments 4-6 I examined boundary conditions for truthiness. I found that the semantic relationship between the photo and claim mattered. Experiment 4 showed that in a within-subject design, related photos produced truthiness, but unrelated photos acted just like the no photo condition. But unrelated photos were not always benign, Experiment 5 showed that their effects depended on experimental context. In a mixed design, related photos produced truthiness and unrelated photos produced falsiness. Although the effect of related photos was robust across materials and variation in experimental context, when I used a fully between-subjects design in Experiment 6, the effect of photos (related and unrelated) was eliminated. These effects add to a growing literature on how nonprobative information can influence people’s decisions and suggest that nonprobative photographs do more than simply decorate, they can rapidly manufacture feelings of truth. As with many effects in the cognitive psychology literature, the photo-truthiness effect depends on the way in which people process and interpret photos when evaluating the truth of claims.
Glance Vs. Gaze
Authors:   , Craig Duncan
Published: November 2021

This research investigates the phenomenology of vision in response to the following question: What is a way of looking through architecture that can cultivate a positive connection with the landscape? Two modes of vision the glance and the gaze are explored. This research argues that the glance allows one to see more of the landscape than the gaze. The predominance and negative implications of the gaze are highlighted and the position of the glance as an overlooked act of vision is established. This research proposes that the visual act of glancing, through strategically placed and sized window frames, is capable of creating an image that can connect the tourist with the landscape. The glance can then be used to promote landscape regeneration and tourist wellbeing. These ideas are tested in the design of a tourist retreat. The design of the tourist retreat provides the conditions necessary for seeing in particular ways. The visual performance of the tourist is carefully considered in the design. The tourist is treated as the subject and the landscape as the object. This research proposes the tourist’s relationship to landscape can be manipulated through a variety of frames. A comparison between horizontal and vertical frames is made that demonstrates the vertical frame can connect better with the landscape. The proportions of the frames are altered to suit the programme of the tourist retreat. In doing so the tourist retreat transforms the visual performance of the tourism, the tourist and the landscape.
The Role of Trait Impulsivity and Novelty-Seeking as Predisposing Factors to the Acquisition and Reinstatement of MDMA Self-Administration
Authors:   , Bird Judith
Published: November 2021

It has been suggested that the response to novelty and impulsivity predict the latency to acquisition and maintenance of drug self-administration, respectively. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between these two traits and (1) the latency to acquisition and (2) maintenance (drug seeking) of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) self–administration. Impulsivity, measured as premature responding on the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), and novelty seeking, measured as the locomotor response in a novel environment, were measured prior to self-administration. Due to characteristics of the rat strain and test equipment the 5-CSRTT was configurated in the first part of this study and modified from the standard version. Following training in this task animals were implanted with a siliastic catheter and were subsequently screened for their response to a novel environment prior to MDMA self-administration. Latency to acquisition was determined as the number of test sessions required to self-administer an initial criterion of 90 infusions of 1.0 mg/kg/infusion as well as an additional 150 infusions of 0.5 mg/kg/infusion MDMA. For some rats, the ability of MDMA (0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg, IP) to produce drug seeking was subsequently measured and for others, impulsivity was again measured following self-administration. Novelty seeking predicted cocaine self-administration but was not significantly correlated with either the acquisition or drug-seeking measures of MDMA self-administration. Impulsivity was not significantly correlated with the latency to acquire self-administration of MDMA but was significantly and positively correlated with the magnitude of MDMA produced drug-seeking. Furthermore, MDMA self-administration produced a number of notable, but transient, deficits in the 5-CSRTT; there was an increase in omission rate and a delayed increase in premature responses in particular. These findings suggest that impulsivity, but not sensation seeking, might be a risk factor for the development of compulsive drug-seeking following withdrawal from MDMA self-administration. A surprising finding from this study was a high acquisition rate amongst rats that acquired the 5-CSRTT prior to self-administration. This difference was examined in a separate set of experiments. This effect could not be explained by an effect of handling, food restriction, or exposure to sweetened condensed milk and might possibly be due to differences in instrumental learning.
Modelling the Melting of Gallium Clusters: A Path to Understanding Molecular Solids
Authors:   , Steenbergen Krista Grace
Published: November 2021

Gallium is a molecular solid with many unique properties. Comprised of Ga2 dimers but exhibiting metal-like electronic characteristics, gallium may be deemed a molecular metal. The role of this dual covalent-metallic nature may explain gallium’s fascinating thermodynamic behaviour. While bulk gallium melts at 303 K, clusters with only 10’s of atoms melt at temperatures between 500 and 800 K, according to experiment. The measured specific heat curves exhibit a strong size-sensitivity, where the addition of a single atom can alter the melting temperature by up to 100 K. This research addresses the relationship of electronic structure to the melting behaviour in small gallium clusters through a parallel tempering implementation of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations cover 11 cluster sizes and two charge states, including neutral clusters sized 7-12 atoms and cationic clusters sized 32-35 atoms. The modelling of small clusters sets a lower size limit for melting and illustrates that greater-than-bulk melting is not universal for small gallium clusters. The larger cluster sizes allow for a direct comparison to experimental data. Each simulation reveals that the clusters have a non-covalent nature more similar to the metallic surface structure of bulk gallium than its covalently bonded interior. The dramatic lowering of melting temperatures and cluster stabilities with single atom additions supports the conclusion that the difference in the nature of bonding between bulk and clusters accounts for the melting temperature discrepancy. Finally, in order to gain additional insight into the nature of bonding in molecular solids, the cohesive energies of the solid halogens are calculated by the method of increments. These calculations investigate the relative N-body correlation energy contributions to the total cohesive energy for solid Cl2, Br2 and I2.
Functionality and Usability Requirements for a Crowdsourcing Task Interface that Supports Rich Data Collection and Volunteer Participation: A Case Study: The New Zealand Reading Experience Database
Authors:   , McKinley Donelle
Published: November 2021

Research problem: The New Zealand Reading Experience Database (NZ-RED) is a crowdsourced history of reading project based on the UK-RED launched in 1996. The purpose of this study is to produce high-level functionality and usability requirements for a NZ-RED task interface that supports volunteer participation and rich data collection, and to determine the extent to which the UK-RED task interface meets these requirements.  Methodology: The case study takes a mixed-methods approach informed by grounded theory. Data was collected from RED project documentation and research, a usability inspection of the UK-RED task interface using evidence-based heuristics developed by Petrie & Power (2012), an online questionnaire of 112 current and potential RED contributors, an examination of recent crowdsourcing projects, and literature on crowdsourcing and human-computer interaction.   Results: This study established seven functionality and usability requirements for a NZ-RED task interface that supports volunteer participation and rich data collection: minimize user effort; support integration of the task with research processes; enable new visitors and contributors to understand what the task involves quickly and easily; support accurate and controlled data entry; be easy to use for people reasonably confident with the Web; support flexible, structured data entry; and support bilingual data entry. The UK-RED task interface partially meets four of the seven requirements.  Implications: Evidence-based requirements that inform project development and evaluation contribute to the social sustainability of crowdsourcing projects driven by academic and cultural heritage institutions. Future research could review the requirements produced by this study and consider their impact on the social sustainability of the NZ-RED and, potentially, World-RED partners. An increase in published requirements documentation could help to inform the requirements activity of other crowdsourcing projects, thereby reducing the time and expertise required. Future research could also investigate the value of studies like this one for other crowdsourcing projects.
Examining an Organisational Justice Model of Perceived Discrimination in the New Zealand Workforce
Authors:   , Davis Lachlan
Published: November 2021

The current study proposes a model to examine the impact of organisational justice on perceived discrimination and work attitudes/behaviour. The model also examines the influence of ethnicity and support for diversity on these relationships. Two studies were conducted using separate samples which collected data from 1,554 employees in 2010 and 2012. Study 1 used an overall measure of perceived racial discrimination whilst study 2 used a 4-part general measure of discrimination. Regression analysis from both studies showed that interpersonal justice is active in predicting perceptions of discrimination, and these perceptions are associated with negative outcomes for work attitudes and behaviour. Support for diversity largely mitigated the negative effects of discrimination on work behaviour. A lack of predicted results for work attitudes may indicate that processes resulting from discrimination differ according to work attitudes and behaviour. Conclusions and avenues for future research are discussed
The Adaptive Reuse of Warehouse and Factory Buildings into Residential Living Spaces in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors:   , Kouzminova Anya
Published: November 2021

Adaptive reuse does not only mean successfully putting new uses into an old shell. At best the impression is given that a building at the moment of its conversion has finally achieved its true destiny. Constructed during the industrial era, often utilitarian and non-descript in their design, warehouse and factory buildings were constructed to store and manufacture goods. Upon their obsolescence, due to containerisation, the closure of business, and subsequent dereliction through disrepair or disuse, these largely structurally sound buildings were left vacant until a cultural movement began in America, converting them into living and studio spaces. The adaptive reuse of these buildings resulted in a new programme, which was to provide residence and ‘store’ people. Much later, in the 1990s this movement spread to Wellington, New Zealand. This delay raises the issue of what makes a successful conversion of a warehouse or factory building to loft-style living space, and through which architectural approaches, criteria and methods may we examine these buildings? This thesis first examines pioneering examples of loft and warehouse living in SoHo, New York, from the initial subversive beginnings of the movement, when artists illegally occupied these spaces. It looks at the gentrification of neighbourhoods and how the loft eventually emerged as a highly sought after architectural living space, first in SoHo, New York before spreading globally to Wellington, New Zealand. Four Wellington warehouse and factory buildings that were converted into residential living spaces are examined and compared. The aim is to understand the conversion process and necessary strategies required to instil a new architectural programme within an existing warehouse or factory building, recognising the unique conditions in such converted architectural spaces. A reused, converted warehouse or former factory can acquire characteristics unique to that building: a certain patina of age, a residue of industrial history, imbedded qualities of surface, a unique architectural structure, as well as the location of the building itself. The case studies show how these imbedded characteristics, can be preserved when the building is converted, thereby retaining the building’s former history while providing a new function. This thesis then analyses whether any commonalities and differences in warehouse and factory living existed between Wellington and SoHo New York, in terms of the evolution of the cultural movement and architectural design. The thesis shows that successful approaches to conversion of factories or warehouses can both save the buildings from demolition, preserve and highlight their heritage and create an architecturally unique space, with inherent qualities that cannot be recreated in a new building. Thus, only upon conversion, can the building gain a sense that it has achieved its true destiny.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Farias Junior João Batista
Published: November 2021

Editorial - Dossiê Filosofia UFPI
Globalización, Civilización, Americanización: cabos sueltos / Globalization, Civilization and Americanization: Loose Ends
Authors: Laguna-Díaz Elpidio
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo es una exposición de los conceptos de Globalización, Civilización y Americanización que está basado en algunos estudios sobre dichos conceptos escritos por investigadores estadounidenses. En su conjunto, exhiben los mismos problemas conceptuales y de síntesis histórica de que participan los colegas de otras latitudes. De ahí que el autor los designe como “cabos sueltos” dentro de la generalidad de la problemática que el empleo de dichos términos conlleva.Palabras clavesGlobalización, americanización, civilización. AbstractThis work is an exposition of the concepts of Globalization, Civilization, and Americanization as discussed in several works by US scholars. These studies present the same problems of conceptualization and historical synthesis that can be found in the work of scholars from other latitudes. For this reason the author refers to them as conceptual “loose ends” within the generality of their problematic treatment and use in different disciplinary contexts.Key wordsGlobalization, Americanization, civilization.