bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Water‐Insoluble Porphyrin in Ionic Liquid: Direct Electrochemistry and Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensing for Trichloroacetic Acid
Authors: Tu Wenwen , Lei Jianping , Ju Huangxian
Published: December 2008

A functional composite of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with hematin, a water‐insoluble porphyrin, was first prepared in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) ionic liquid. The novel composite in ionic liquid was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and showed a pair of direct redox peaks of the FeIII/FeII couple. The composite–[BMIM][PF6]‐modified glassy carbon electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in neutral media due to the synergic effect among SWNTs, [BMIM][PF6], and porphyrin, which led to a highly sensitive and stable amperometric biosensor for TCA with a linear range from 9.0×10−7 to 1.4×10−4 M. The detection limit was 3.8×10−7 M at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The TCA biosensor had good analytical performance, such as rapid response, good reproducibility, and acceptable accuracy, and could be successfully used for the detection of residual TCA in polluted water. The functional composite in ionic liquid provides a facile way to not only obtain the direct electrochemistry of water‐insoluble porphyrin, but also construct novel biosensors for monitoring analytes in real environmental samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optimum Luminescence of CaWO4‐Based Red Phosphors with Codoping of Eu3+ and Na+.
Authors: Su Yiguo , Li Liping , Li Guangshe
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Structures of Synthetic Natrochalcites, NaM2II(D3O2) (MoO4)2, M: Co or Ni.
Authors: Vilminot Serge , Andre Gilles , Bouree‐Vigneron Francoise , Baker Peter J. , Blundell Stephen J. , Kurmoo Mohamedally
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Ruthenium Ethylene Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Applications in ATRA and ATRC Reactions.
Authors: Wolf Joffrey , Thommes Katrin , Briel Oliver , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multimetallic Zirconocene‐Based Catalysis: Alkyne Dimerization and Cyclotrimerization Reactions.
Authors: Joosten Antoine , Soueidan Mohamad , Denhez Clement , Harakat Dominique , Helion Florence , Namy Jean‐Louis , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroalkylsulfonate Ionic Liquids by Ring Opening of Sultones with Organic Chloride Salts.
Authors: Paape Natalia , Wei Wei , Boesmann Andreas , Kolbeck Claudia , Maier Florian , Steinrueck Hans‐Peter , Wasserscheid Peter , Schulz Peter Steffen
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated N‐Cyclopropylation of Azoles, Amides, and Sulfonamides by Cyclopropylboronic Acid.
Authors: Benard Sebastien , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Electrophilic α‐Hydrazination of β‐Ketoesters Using Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Jung Sun Hee , Kim Dae Young
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Iodides in Organic Synthesis. Part 11. Unusual N—C Bond Cleavage in Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Tsyrendorzhieva I. P. , Rakhin V. I.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Condensation of Terminal Acetylenic Ketones via Organozinc Species.
Authors: Gao Jun‐Li , Liu Yong‐Kang , Xue Song
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,4‐Diaminocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Factor Xa Inhibitors.
Authors: Nagata Tsutomu , Nagamochi Masatoshi , Kobayashi Shozo , Komoriya Satoshi , Yoshino Toshiharu , Kanno Hideyuki
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(IV)(salen) and Vanadium(V)(salen) Complexes Derived from C2‐ and C1‐Symmetric Diamines for Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Synthesis.
Authors: Belokon Yuri N. , Hunt Jamie , North Michael
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐ and Dinuclear Palladium(II) N,S‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with N Spacers and Their Suzuki Coupling Activities.
Authors: Yen Swee Kuan , Koh Lip Lin , Huynh Han Vinh , Hor T. S. Andy
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Formamides with Fluorotris(pentafluorophenyl)silane.
Authors: Levin V. V. , Dil'man A. D. , Belyakov P. A. , Struchkova M. I.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 1‐[2‐(6,7‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Huang Jiann‐Jyh , Yeh Mou‐Yung , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Zinc 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐porphyrins Possessing Carbonyl Groups at the 13‐ and/or 15‐Positions for Models of Self‐Aggregative Chlorophylls in Green Photosynthetic Bacteria.
Authors: Kunieda Michio , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Method to the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 1H‐Isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐diones.
Authors: Nikpour Farzad , Mogaddam Baran Mohammadi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Reactions of Bromoalkynes with Imidazoles Mediated by Copper Salts: Synthesis of Novel N‐Alkynylimidazoles.
Authors: Laroche Christophe , Li Jing , Freyer Matthew W. , Kerwin Sean M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐ and Ruthenium‐Lewis Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Between Enals and Diaryl Nitrones.
Authors: Badoiu Andrei , Bernardinelli Gerald , Mareda Jiri , Kuendig E. Peter , Viton Florian
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous NaHSO4 Catalyzed Regioselective and Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Thiazolamines.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Aryan Reza , Ghaieni Hamid R. , Amani Ali M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Mannich Bases Derived from 5‐Phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione and Investigation of the Conformational Isomers of Dimethyl 5‐(5‐Phenyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐3‐methylamino)isophthalate.
Authors: Roman Gheorghe , Agache Costel , Manciulea Ileana , Comanita Eugenia , Dumitrescu Lucia
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrazoles. Part 52. Synthesis of Functionally Substituted Tetrazoles from Benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zatsepina M. V. , Artamonova T. V. , Koldobskii G. I.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Green Synthesis of Xanthenedione Derivatives Promoted by Acidic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Ma Jing‐Jun , Wang Chun , Wu Qiu‐Hua , Tang Ran‐Xiao , Liu Hai‐Yan , Li Qing
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Determining Role of the Catalyst Nature in Concurrent Reactions of 3‐Trimethylsilylprop‐2‐ynal with N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Medvedeva A. S. , Pavlov D. V. , Mareev A. V.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridines from 1,2,4‐Triazines under High Pressure.
Authors: Krayushkin M. M. , Sedishev I. P. , Yarovenko V. N. , Zavarzin I. V. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Kozhevnikov D. N. , Charushin V. N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 1‐Oxa‐5‐azaspiro[5.5]undecane with Cyclohexanone.
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Klimenko G. R. , Bayandin V. V. , Kukhareva V. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Aminoazoles in Synthesis of Heterocycles. Part 4. Regiodirection of 3(5)‐Amino‐5(3)‐methylpyrazole Reaction with Hexafluoroacetylacetone.
Authors: Petrov A. A. , Emelina E. E. , Selivanov S. I.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Green Fungicide: 16‐Oxo‐1‐oxa‐4‐azoniacyclohexadecan‐4‐ium Tetrafluoroborate.
Authors: Dong Yanhong , Liang Xiaomei , Yuan Huizhu , Qi Shuhua , Chen Fuheng , Wang Daoquan
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure Cyclic α‐Aminophosphonic Acids: Direct Observation of Inversion at Phosphorus in Phosphonate Ester Silyldealkylation by Bromotrimethylsilane.
Authors: Alfonsov Vladimir A. , McKenna Charles E. , Bayandina Evgenia V. , Kashemirov Boris A. , Yarmieva Liliya N. , Punegova Lyudmila N. , Kataeva Olga N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Hetarylazoindole Dyes from Some 2‐Aminothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Saylam A. , Seferoglu Z. , Ertan N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Largazole, a Potent Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Kulkarni Sarang
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cleavage of Sugar Anomeric O‐Acyl Groups Using FeCl3×6H2O.
Authors: Wei Guohua , Zhang Lei , Cai Chao , Cheng Shuihong , Du Yuguo
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of a Marine Alkaloid from the Tunicate Dendrodoa grossularia.
Authors: Hupp Christopher D. , Tepe Jetze J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Tedanolide: Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1—C7 Fragment.
Authors: Park Se Hwan , Lee Hyo Won
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Magnetoelectric Effect in YMnO3 and HoMnO3
Authors: Lueken Heiko
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Platinum Organometallics
Authors: Melnik Milan , Garaj Jan , Holloway Clive Eduard
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetism of Some Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Metal Organophosphonates
Authors: Bellitto C. , Bauer E. M. , Righini G.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unraveling Molecular Transformations on Surfaces: A Critical Comparison of Oxidation Reactions on Coinage Metals
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Madix Robert J. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In‐silico Investigations in Heterogeneous Catalysis—Combustion and Synthesis of Small Alkanes
Authors: Inderwildi Oliver R. , Jenkins Stephen J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: “Clean” or “Dirty” — Just How Selective Do Drugs Need to Be?
Authors: Abbenante Giovanni , Reid Robert C. , Fairlie David P.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design of Gold‐Based, Mitochondria‐Targeted Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Berners‐Price Susan J. , Filipovska Aleksandra
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,2‐Oxathiaphospholane Approach to the Synthesis of P‐Chiral Stereodefined Analogues of Oligonucleotides and Biologically Relevant Nucleoside Polyphosphates
Authors: Nawrot Barbara , Rebowska Beata , Michalak Olga , Bulkowski Marek , Blaziak Damian , Guga Piotr , Stec Wojciech J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Heteroatom‐Substituted Aldehydes
Authors: Lindenschmidt A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenecarbaldehydes: Synthesis by Formylation of Arene Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Schall A. , Reiser O.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Issues for Conceptual Design of AFCF and CFTC LWR Spent Fuel Separations Influencing Next‐Generation Aqueous Fuel Reprocessing
Authors: Hebditch D. , Henry R. , Goff M. , Pasamehmetoglu K. , Ostby D.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Enabled Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Devices: From Fuel Cells to Sensors
Authors: Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Hammond Paula T.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbamate Linker Strategy in Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Amino‐Functionalized Glycoconjugates for Attachment to Solid Surfaces and Investigation of Protein‐Carbohydrate Interactions
Authors: Spjut Sara , Pudelko Maciej , Hartmann Mirja , Elofsson Mikael
Published: December 2008

Amino‐functionalized serine‐based galactose and glucose neoglycolipids were prepared by solid‐phase synthesis using a carbamate strategy for anchoring amino functionalities to a (2‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxymethylphenoxy)acetic acid linker resin. Key synthetic steps were monitored with gel‐phase 19F NMR spectroscopy. Cleavage from the solid support was performed with trifluoroacetic acid. The terminal amine of the neoglycolipids was conjugated with didecyl squarate and then immobilized in amino‐functionalized microtiter plates and the glycoconjugates were successfully probed with a galactose‐binding lectin.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Time step restrictions for well‐balanced shallow water solutions in non‐zero velocity steady states
Authors: Murillo J. , García‐Navarro P. , Burguete J.
Published: December 2008

Numerical models based on the conservative formulation of the shallow water equations in finite volumes have recently paid special attention to the convenience of a unified discretization of bed slope source terms and pressure momentum fluxes in order to ensure a correct representation of both in steady states. In cases of steady shallow water flow with non‐zero velocity, the discrete balance must include the friction term and the good equilibrium of the discrete solution must be revisited. Besides, there is the question of stability. The presence of relatively large friction terms reduces considerably the stability region of the explicit schemes (with either separate or unified discretization). Implicit formulations strongly help to relax the friction related stability restrictions but are only feasible in the context of separated discretization. Therefore, a strategy to blend both approaches (unified explicit and separated implicit) is presented that ensures both a perfect balance in steady state and numerical stability in unsteady cases in the presence of friction terms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oscillatory flow of a fourth‐order fluid
Authors: Hayat T. , Shahzad F. , Ayub M.
Published: December 2008

This study deals with the incompressible flow of a fourth‐order fluid over a porous plate oscillating in its own plane. Numerical solution of the nonlinear problem governing the flow is given. The influence of various parameters of interest on the velocity distribution is shown and discussed with the help of several graphs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeable and non‐reflecting boundary conditions in SPH
Authors: Lastiwka Martin , Basa Mihai , Quinlan Nathan J.
Published: December 2008

Inflow and outflow boundary conditions are essential for the application of computational fluid dynamics to many engineering scenarios. In this paper we present a new boundary condition implementation that enables the simulation of flow through permeable boundaries in the Lagrangian mesh‐free method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Each permeable boundary is associated with an inflow or outflow zone outside the domain, in which particles are created or removed as required. The analytic boundary condition is applied by prescribing the appropriate variables for particles in an inflow or outflow zone, and extrapolating other variables from within the domain. Characteristic‐based non‐reflecting boundary conditions, described in the literature for mesh‐based methods, can be implemented within this framework. Results are presented for simple one‐dimensional flows, quasi‐one‐dimensional compressible nozzle flow, and two‐dimensional flow around a cylinder at Reynolds numbers of 40 and 100 and a Mach number of 0.1. These results establish the capability of SPH to model flows through open domains, opening a broad new class of applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient numerical solution for linear stability of circular jet: A combination of Petrov–Galerkin spectral method and exponential coordinate transformation based on Fornberg's treatment
Authors: Xie M. L. , Lin J. Z.
Published: December 2008

This paper presents the linear stability analysis of a round jet in a radially unbounded domain using a spectral Petrov–Galerkin scheme coped with exponential coordinate transformation based on Fornberg's treatment. A Fourier–Chebyshev Petrov–Galerkin spectral method is described for the computation of the linear stability equations based on half a Gauss–Lobatto mesh. Complex basis functions presented here are exponentially mapped as Chebyshev functions, which satisfy the pole condition exactly at the origin, and can be used to expand vector functions efficiently by using the solenoidal condition. The mathematical formulation is presented in detail focusing on the solenoidal vector field used for the approximation of the flow. The scheme provides spectral accuracy in the present cases and the numerical results are in agreement with former works. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the option market produce superior forecasts of noise‐corrected volatility measures?
Authors: M. Martin Gael , Reidy Andrew , Wright Jill
Published: December 2008

This paper assesses the robustness of the relative performance of spot‐ and options‐based volatility forecasts to the treatment of microstructure noise. Robustness of the results to the method of constructing option‐implied forecasts is also investigated. Using a test for superior predictive ability, model‐free implied volatility, which exploits information in the volatility ‘smile’, and at‐the‐money implied volatility, which does not, are both tested as benchmark forecasts of a range of alternative volatility proxies. The results provide compelling evidence against the model‐free forecast for three Dow Jones Industrial Average stocks, over a 2001–2006 evaluation period. In contrast, the at‐the‐money implied volatility forecast is given strong support for the three equities over this period. Neither benchmark is supported for the S&P500 index. Importantly, the main qualitative results are invariant to the method of noise correction used in measuring future volatility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benomyl induction of brain aromatase and toxic effects in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Kim Dong‐Jae , Seok Seung‐Hyeok , Baek Min‐Won , Lee Hui‐Young , Na Yi‐Rang , Park Sung‐Hoon , Lee Hyun‐Kyoung , Dutta Noton Kumar , Kawakami Koichi , Park Jae‐Hak
Published: December 2008

Benomyl is a benzimidazole fungicide that has been widely used on a variety of food crops and ornamental plants. It is known to cause adverse effects on reproductive systems, including decreased testicular and epididymal weights and reduced epididymal sperm counts and fertility. The brain aromatase gene is up‐regulated by estrogens and estrogen mimics and considered a target gene to screen estrogen mimics. This study was designed to test the estrogenic potential and toxic effects of benomyl in the zebrafish system, and validated this system as a model that may correspond to the effect of benomyl in rodents. Concentrations of 20 × 10−6, 40 × 10−6 and 80 × 10−6 m of benomyl‐treated embryos showed decreased survival, hatching and heart rates, and increased incidence of malformations, such as pericardial edema, spinal lordosis, elongated heart, head edema, eye lens protrusion and caudal fin disappearance. Benomyl induced enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in transient zebrafish embryos with a brain aromatase‐based reporter gene. In this study, we determined that benomyl has estrogenic potential based on zebrafish brain aromatase gene induction, and that benomyl is toxic at 20 × 10−6 m concentration and higher. These results demonstrate the usefulness of zebrafish embryos as an in vivo system to examine the estrogenic and developmental toxic potential of unknown compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatio‐temporal rainfall variability in the Amazon basin countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador)
Authors: Espinoza Villar Jhan Carlo , Ronchail Josyane , Guyot Jean Loup , Cochonneau Gerard , Naziano Filizola , Lavado Waldo , De Oliveira Eurides , Pombosa Rodrigo , Vauchel Philippe
Published: December 2008

Rainfall variability in the Amazon basin (AB) is analysed for the 1964–2003 period. It is based on 756 pluviometric stations distributed throughout the AB countries. For the first time it includes data from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. In particular, the recent availability of rainfall data from the Andean countries makes it possible to complete previous studies. The impact of mountain ranges on rainfall is pointed out. The highest rainfall in the AB is observed in low windward regions, and low rainfall is measured in leeward and elevated stations. Additionally, rainfall regimes are more diversified in the Andean regions than in the lowlands. Rainfall spatio‐temporal variability is studied based on a varimax‐rotated principal component analysis (PCA). Long‐term variability with a decreasing rainfall since the 1980s prevails in June–July–August (JJA) and September–October–November (SON). During the rainiest seasons, i.e. December–January–February (DJF) and March–April–May (MAM), the main variability is at decadal and interannual time scales. Interdecadal variability is related to long‐term changes in the Pacific Ocean, whereas decadal variability, opposing the northwest and the south of the AB, is associated with changes in the strength of the low‐level jet (LLJ) along the Andes. Interannual variability characterizes more specifically the northeast of the basin and the southern tropical Andes. It is related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and to the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient over the tropical Atlantic. Mean rainfall in the basin decreases during the 1975–2003 period at an annual rate estimated to be − 0.32%. Break tests show that this decrease has been particularly important since 1982. Further insights into this phenomenon will permit to identify the impact of climate on the hydrology of the AB. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Summer rain fall duration and its diurnal cycle over the US Great Plains
Authors: Chen Haoming , Zhou Tianjun , Yu Rucong , Li Jian
Published: December 2008

By diagnosing the hourly station rain gauge data set for the 1981–1999 periods, it is found that the rainfall diurnal cycle is closely related to its duration during summer (June–August) over the Great Plains [(GP), 100–90°W, 35–45°N]. Short‐duration rainfall events (an event of 1 h in duration) occur more frequently in summer, and they tend to have two diurnal maxima over the GP, with one in the early morning [0400–0600 local solar time, (LST)] and the other in the afternoon (1500–1700 LST). Long‐duration rainfall events (an event that lasts longer than 3 h) contribute more to the precipitation amount, and they tend to peak from the midnight to early morning (000–0600 LST). This contrast in the diurnal cycle of different classifications of precipitation events over the GP reflects the differences in the convective processes at night and during late afternoon. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Altered relative expression of BMPs and BMP inhibitors in cartilaginous areas of human fractures progressing towards nonunion
Authors: Kwong Francois N.K. , Hoyland Judith A. , Freemont Anthony J. , Evans Christopher H.
Published: December 2008

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an imbalance in the local production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and BMP inhibitors exists within the cartilaginous intermediate of nonhealing fractures. Biopsies were recovered intraoperatively from human fractures that, upon follow‐up, were found to heal normally or become nonunions. The samples were examined by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of BMP‐2, BMP‐14, and the BMP inhibitors noggin and chordin. Expression was determined semiquantitatively based on the area of positive staining per area of cartilage and by determining the number of positively staining cells and the intensity of staining. There was a significant reduction in BMP‐2 and BMP‐14 expression in cartilaginous areas of nonhealing fractures compared to healing fractures. However, there was no difference in the expression of the BMP inhibitors between the two groups of fractures. This imbalance in the expression of BMPs and BMP inhibitors within cartilaginous areas of developing nonunions may account for their reduced bone forming ability. These data suggest strategies for preventing the development of nonunions by altering levels of BMPs and their inhibitors within fracture sites. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 752–757, 2009
Self‐concentration effects in preparative SEC of mineral electrolytes using nanoporous neutral polymeric sorbents
Authors: Davankov Vadim , Tsyurupa Maria , Blinnikova Zinaida , Pavlova Lyudmila
Published: December 2008

Separation of mineral electrolytes according to size exclusion mechanism using neutral nanoporous polystyrene sorbents and carbonaceous materials has been examined in detail on hand of HCl and CaCl2 solutions, taken separately and in the mixture. Phase distribution coefficients of the above electrolytes have been measured under static conditions at different concentrations. The k‐values and their dependence on the concentration were correlated with the elution curves of the components from a chromatographic column. Both the static and dynamic data suggest a strong dependence of the hydration number and effective size of ions on the concentration. Self‐concentration of HCl in small pores and that of CaCl2 outside of small pores exhibits itself in both static and chromatographic experiments and results from the relocation of the components largely within the volume of the initial mixture. Additional apparent “retention” of HCl in the porous volume of the sorbent in concentrated electrolyte mixtures was shown to be caused by the competition between all ions of the system for hydration water. Increased separation selectivity and enhanced self‐concentration effects for more concentrated mixtures point to preparative and industrial perspectives of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of complex electrolyte mixtures on nanoporous neutral sorbents.
Correlations between the Shape of Viscosity Functions and the Molecular Structure of Long‐Chain Branched Polyethylenes
Authors: Stadler Florian J. , Münstedt Helmut
Published: December 2008

The viscosity functions of long‐chain branched metallocene‐catalyzed ethene homopolymers and copolymers (LCB‐mPE) were described by an extended Carreau‐Yasuda model. The two characteristic relaxation times, λ1 and λ2, and the slope of the viscosity function between these two characteristic relaxation times can be correlated to the zero shear‐rate viscosity, η0, and the molar mass $\overline M _{\rm w} $. The characteristic relaxation times, λ1 and λ2 (describing the main curvatures of the viscosity function) exhibit a power law dependency on the molar mass, $\overline M _{\rm w} $. The parameterization of the viscosity function can be used for a molecular characterization and flow simulations of various kinds.

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Nineteen‐year follow‐up of Waldenström's‐associated neuropathy and Bing–Neel syndrome
Authors: Leschziner Guy D. , Roncaroli Federico , Moss Jill , Guiloff Roberto J.
Published: December 2008

We describe the follow‐up of a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia who developed mild predominantly sensory peripheral neuropathy, Bing–Neel syndrome, and, after 17 years, acute mononeuropathy multiplex associated with increasing paraprotein levels. Nerve biopsy demonstrated deposition of IgM in the endoneurium and perineurium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extension of the cerebral white‐matter abnormality. We suggest that the pathogenetic mechanism of the mononeuropathy multiplex may include direct IgM deposition. Late peripheral nerve complications appeared to be related to the paraprotein level. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Exercise training–induced gender‐specific heat shock protein adaptations in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Morton James P. , Holloway Kathryn , Woods Paul , Cable Nigel T. , Burniston Jatin , Evans Louise , Kayani Anna C. , McArdle Anne
Published: December 2008

This study investigates the effects of short‐term endurance training on heat shock protein (HSP) adaptations of male and female human skeletal muscle. The data demonstrate that females did not respond to continuous or interval training in terms of increasing HSP content of the vastus lateralis muscle. In contrast, males displayed HSP adaptations to both training interventions. These data provide a platform for future human studies to examine a potential gender‐specific stress response to exercise. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Preliminary results of a dose‐finding study for botulinum toxin‐A in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder: 100 versus 150 units
Authors: Cohen Brian L. , Barboglio Paholo , Rodriguez Dinorah , Gousse Angelo E.
Published: December 2008

Aims

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of two different doses of BTX‐A in patients with I‐OAB.

Methods

This investigator initiated, randomized trial was designed to evaluate clinical differences in outcomes for 100 versus 150 U BTX‐A in patients with I‐OAB. Patients with OAB‐Wet and OAB‐Dry were randomized to receive 100 or 150 U BTX‐A intra‐detrusor injection. For patients with OAB‐Wet, the primary outcome of interest was change in daily UUI episodes, and for those with OAB‐Dry the primary outcome measure was change in number of daily voids as determined by 3‐VD. Statistical comparisons were made both pre‐ and post‐injection and also between different treatment groups to assess the superiority of one dose versus the other.

Results

Forty‐four patients enrolled in the study; 10 OAB‐Dry and 12 OAB‐Wet patients received 100 U and another 10 OAB‐Dry and 12 OAB‐Wet patients received 150 U. No significant differences in outcome measure were noted between those receiving 100 versus 150 U. Patients with OAB‐Wet tended to be completely dry more frequently if they received the 150 U dose, but this was not statistically significant. No differences in urodynamics outcomes were noted between the groups. QOL was significantly improved in both groups with no difference between the different doses.

Conclusions

In patients with I‐OAB, preliminary results indicate that 100 U BTX‐A and 150 U BTX‐A are equivalent in terms of symptom reduction and QOL improvement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:205–208, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a discrepancy between patient and physician quality of life assessment?
Authors: Srikrishna Sushma , Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda , Gonzalez Juan
Published: December 2008

Aims

Quality of Life (QoL) assessment remains integral in the investigation of women with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Previous work suggests that physicians tend to underestimate patients' symptoms and the bother that they cause. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between physician and patient assessed QoL using the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ).

Methods

Patients complaining of troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were recruited from a tertiary referral urodynamic clinic. Prior to their clinic appointment they were sent a KHQ, which was completed before attending. After taking a detailed urogynecological history, a second KHQ was filled in by the physician, blinded to the patient responses, on the basis of their impression of the symptoms elicited during the interview. These data were analyzed by an independent statistician. Concordance between patient and physician assessment for individual questions was assessed using weighted kappa analysis. QoL scores were compared using Wilcoxons signed rank test.

Results

Seventy‐five patients were recruited over a period of 5 months. Overall, the weighted kappa showed relatively poor concordance between the patient and physician responses; mean kappa: 0.33 (range 0.18–0.57). The physician underestimated QoL score in 4/9 domains by a mean of 5.5% and overestimated QoL score in 5/9 domains by a mean of 6.9%. In particular, physicians underestimated the impact of LUTS on social limitations and emotions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study confirms that physicians often differ from patients in the assessment of QoL. This is most likely due to a difference in patient–physician perception of “significant” LUTS and clearly demonstrates the importance of patient evaluated QoL in routine clinical assessment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:179–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the phenotype of multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Maronn Mandi , Catrine Kristina , North Paula , Browning Meghen B. , Kerschner Joseph E. , Noel Richard , Drolet Beth A. , Kelly Michael
Published: December 2008

Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia is characterized by vascular skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract lesions, thrombocytopenia, and GI bleeding. The first patient had scattered red macules and subcutaneous nodules on the skin with involvement of the lungs, liver, omentum, and right kidney. At 10 months of age he continues to have severe GI bleeding. The second patient had innumerable vascular plaques on the skin plus muscle, bone, lung, liver, and brain involvement. She died from respiratory failure at 8 months of age due to brainstem involvement. Both patients required aggressive management of GI bleeding, but had quite different skin findings and long‐term outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:531–534. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.