bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential value of the neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci assay in assessing the radiosensitivity of carbon beam in human tumor cell lines
Authors: Zhao Jin , Guo Zhong , Zhang Hong , Wang Zhenhua , Song Lei , Ma Jianxiu , Pei Shuyan , Wang Chenjing
Published: July 2013

Background. Carbon ions (12C6+) are high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation characterized by higher relative biological effectiveness than low LET radiation. The assessment of tumour radiosensitivity would be particularly useful in optimizing the radiation dose during radiotherapy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential value of the neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci assay in assessing 12C6+ radiosensitivity of tumour cells.

Materials and methods. The doses of 12C6+ and X-rays used in the present study were 2 and 4 Gy. The survival fraction, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and repair kinetics of DSB were assayed with clonogenic survival, neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci assay in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, hepatoma HepG2 cells, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC-1 cells at the time points of 0.5, 4, 16 and 24 h after 12C6+ and X-rays irradiation.

Results. The survival fraction for 12C6+ irradiation was much more inhibited than for X-rays (p < 0.05) in all three tumour cell lines tested. Substantial amounts of residual damage, assessed by the neutral comet assay, were present after irradiation (p < 0.05). The highest residual damage was observed at 0.5 or 4 h, both for 12C6+ and X-ray irradiation. However, the residual damage in HeLa and MEC-1 cells was higher for 12C6+ than X-rays (p < 0.05). The strongest induction of γH2AX foci was observed after 30 min, for all three tumour cell lines (p < 0.01). The franction of γH2AX foci persisted for at least 24 h after 12C6+ irradiation; in HeLa cells and MEC-1 was higher than after X-ray irradiation (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficients between the clonogenic survival, neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci assay were not statistically significant, except for some tumour cells at individual irradiation doses and types.

Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that the neutral comet assay and γ-H2AX foci assay could be used to assess the radiosensitivity of 12C6+ in human tumour cells.
Compressive response of some agricultural soils influenced by the mineralogy and moisture
Authors: Ajayi A.E. , Dias Junior M.S. , Curi N. , Oladipo I.
Published: July 2013

This study aimed to investigate the mineralogy, moisture retention, and the compressive response of two agricultural soils from South West Nigeria. Undisturbed soil cores at the A and B horizons were collected and used in chemical and hydrophysical characterization and confined compression test. X-ray diffractograms of oriented fine clay fractions were also obtained. Our results indicate the prevalence of kaolinite minerals relating to the weathering process in these tropical soils. Moisture retention by the core samples was typically low with pre-compression stress values ranging from50 to 300 kPa at both sites. Analyses of the shape of the compression curves highlight the influence of soil moisture in shifts from the bi-linear to S-shaped models. Statistical homogeneity test of the load bearing capacity parameters showed that the soil mineralogy influences the response to loading by these soils. These observations provide a physical basis for the previous classification series of the soils in the studied area. We showed that the internal strength attributes of the soil could be inferred from the mineralogical properties and stress history. This could assist in decisions on sustainable mechanization in a datapoor environment.
Estimation of soil water evaporative loss after tillage operation using the stable isotope technique
Authors: Busari M.A. , Salako F.K. , Tuniz C. , Zuppi G.M. , Stenni B. , Adetunji M.T. , Arowolo T.A.
Published: July 2013

Application of stable isotopes in soil studies has improved quantitative evaluation of evaporation and other hydrological processes in soil. This study was carried out to determine the effect of tillage on evaporative loss of water from the soil. Zero tillage and conventional tillage were compared. Suction tubes were installed for soil water collection at the depths 0.15, 0.50, and 1.0 m by pumping soil water with a peristaltic pump. Soil water evaporation was estimated using stable isotopes of water. The mean isotopic composition of the soil water at 0.15 m soil depth were -1.15‰ (δ18O) and -0.75‰ (δD) and were highly enriched compared with the isotopic compositions of the site precipitation. Soil water stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) were more enriched near the surface under zero tillage while they were less negative down the profile under zero tillage. This suggests an occurrence of more evaporation and infiltration under conventional then zero tillage, respectively, because evaporative fractionation contributes to escape of lighter isotopes from liquid into the vapour phase leading to enrichment in heavy isotopes in the liquid phase. The annual evaporation estimated using the vapour diffusion equation ranges from 46-70 and 54-84 mm year-1 under zero and conventional tillage, respectively, indicating more evaporation under conventional tillage compared with zero tillage. Therefore, to reduce soil water loss, adoption of conservation tillage practices such as zero tillage is encouraged.
Measurements of methane emission from a temperate wetland by the eddy covariance method
Authors: Kowalska N. , Chojnicki B.H. , Rinne J. , Haapanala S. , Siedlecki P. , Urbaniak M. , Juszczak R. , Olejnik J.
Published: July 2013

Methane emission from a wetland was measured with the eddy covariance system. The location of the system allowed observation of methane efflux from areas that were covered by different vegetation types. The data presented in this paper were collected in the period between the13th of June and the 31st of August 2012. During the warmest months of the summer, there was no strong correlation between methane emissions and either the water table depth or peat temperature. The presence of reed and cattail contributed to a pronounced diurnal pattern of the flux and lower methane emission, while areas covered by sedges emitted higher amounts more with no clear diurnal pattern.
Peach response to water deficit in a semi-arid region
Authors: Paltineanu C. , Septar L. , Moale C. , Nicolae S. , Nicola C.
Published: July 2013

During three years a deficit irrigation experiment was performed on peach response under the semi-arid conditions of south-eastern Romania. Three sprinkler-irrigated treatments were investigated: fully irrigated, deficit irrigation treatment, and non-irrigated control treatment. Soil water content ranged between 60 and 76% of the plant available soil water capacity in fully irrigated, between 40 and 62% in deficit irrigation treatment, and between 30 and 45% in control. There were significant differences in fruit yield between the treatments. Irrigation water use efficiency was maximum in deficit irrigation treatment. Fruit yield correlated significantly with irrigation application. Total dry matter content, total solids content and titrable acidity of fruit were significantly different in the irrigated treatments vs. the control. Significant correlation coefficients were found between some fruit chemical components. For the possible future global warming conditions, when water use becomes increasingly restrictive, deficit irrigation will be a reasonable solution for water conservation in regions with similar soil and climate conditions.
Acquisition and Tracking of Galileo IOV E5 Signals: Experimental Results and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Margaria Davide , Fantino Maurizio , Musumeci Luciano
Published: July 2013

An assessment of the Galileo In-Orbit Validation (IOV) signals on the E5 band is presented in this paper, investigating the signal features compared with the expected characteristics as described in the Galileo Interface Control Document (ICD) specifications. In detail, the results in terms of signal acquisition and tracking during multiple satellite passes are discussed, providing also a description of the experimental setup used in order to separately receive and process E5a and E5b signals. The analysis covers the received signal strength versus the satellite elevation, the modulation format, and the presence of navigation data and secondary code chips. Since at time of writing both the two Galileo IOV satellites (PFM and FM2) are broadcasting E5 signals, the results obtained processing their E5a and E5b signals are discussed. In addition, these signals are also compared with those currently transmitted by the two experimental Galileo satellites, GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B.
Understanding of Navigational Information Systems
Authors: Pleskacz Krzysztof , Uriasz Janusz
Published: July 2013

Navigational information systems became one of the main devices on ship’s bridge supporting navigators in evaluation of navigational situation and undertaking decisions. For instance ECIDS supports navigation by gathering information and automating some process like plotting of position of own ship and other objects on the scene. Any navigational information system has got advantages and limitations. Their understanding should help navigators to perform watches in a safer way. This article presents a discussion on some deficiencies of navigational information systems. Discussion is underlined by three accidents, which show when misunderstanding or overreliance may lead to catastrophic consequences
On the Monitoring System of Collision Risks Among Multiple Ships
Authors: Son Nam-Sun , Kim Sun-Yonug , Lee Chan-Soo
Published: July 2013

To reduce crewmembers’ error and increase the safety of ships’ navigation, a recognition system of collision risks among multiple ships is newly-developed. By using ships’ navigational information such as AIS data, an algorithm to calculate collision risks among multiple ships is newly-designed. Collision risks of multiple ships can be estimated considering ships’ position and course of now and future by using fuzzy algorithm. To evaluate the performance of new system, replay simulation is carried out by using actual AIS data of actual collision accident in Korea. In this paper, main features of the monitoring system of collision risks and the results of replay simulation are discussed.
Low-Cost Navigation and Guidance Systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles — Part 1: Vision-Based and Integrated Sensors
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Bartel Celia , Kaharkar Anish , Shaid Tesheen , Rodriguez Leopoldo , Zammit-Mangion David , Jia Huamin
Published: July 2013

In this paper we present a new low-cost navigation system designed for small size Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) and other avionics sensors. The main objective of our research was to design a compact, light and relatively inexpensive system capable of providing the Required Navigation Performance (RNP) in all phases of flight of a small UAV, with a special focus on precision approach and landing, where Vision Based Navigation (VBN) techniques can be fully exploited in a multisensor integrated architecture. Various existing techniques for VBN were compared and the Appearance-Based Approach (ABA) was selected for implementation. Feature extraction and optical flow techniques were employed to estimate flight parameters such as roll angle, pitch angle, deviation from the runway and body rates. Additionally, we addressed the possible synergies between VBN, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and MEMS-IMU (Micro-Electromechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors, as well as the aiding from Aircraft Dynamics Models (ADMs). In particular, by employing these sensors/models, we aimed to compensate for the shortcomings of VBN and MEMS-IMU sensors in high-dynamics attitude determination tasks. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was developed to fuse the information provided by the different sensors and to provide estimates of position, velocity and attitude of the UAV platform in real-time. Two different integrated navigation system architectures were implemented. The first used VBN at 20 Hz and GPS at 1 Hz to augment the MEMS-IMU running at 100 Hz. The second mode also included the ADM (computations performed at 100 Hz) to provide augmentation of the attitude channel. Simulation of these two modes was accomplished in a significant portion of the AEROSONDE UAV operational flight envelope and performing a variety of representative manoeuvres (i.e., straight climb, level turning, turning descent and climb, straight descent, etc.). Simulation of the first integrated navigation system architecture (VBN/IMU/GPS) showed that the integrated system can reach position, velocity and attitude accuracies compatible with CAT-II precision approach requirements. Simulation of the second system architecture (VBN/IMU/GPS/ADM) also showed promising results since the achieved attitude accuracy was higher using the ADM/VBS/IMU than using VBS/IMU only. However, due to rapid divergence of the ADM virtual sensor, there was a need for frequent re-initialisation of the ADM data module, which was strongly dependent on the UAV flight dynamics and the specific manoeuvring transitions performed
Simulation Analysis of ECDIS’ Route Exchange Funcionality Impact on Navigation Safety
Authors: Tomczak Arkadiusz , Zalewski Paweł , Gralak Rafał
Published: July 2013

Modern Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) integrate information obtained from various sensors and functions. Processed data are presented on the computer display generally with the aim to increase navigator’s situation awareness and to reduce his/her workload. The investigations described in the paper were carried out to assess the advantages of the new functionality of the test INS (e-Navigation enhanced Integrated Navigation System ee-INS), developed in the EU financed EfficienSea Project, that looks and works like a standard ECDIS. This new functionality implements ‘Exchange of Intended Route’ service. The experiment was conducted in a full mission ship simulator environment with 20 experienced mariners. The bridge layout without ECDIS ‘Exchange of Intended Route’ functionality, and bridge layout with this functionality implemented, was applied in research and its results enabled to carry out their comparison. The navigators’ workload was measured by NASA-TLX method. Navigators’ situation awareness in respect to other ship’s state and the final passing distance were utilized to evaluate safety of navigation process.
Polish Approach to the IMO Model Course 1.27 on Operational Use of ECDIS
Authors: Weintrit Adam , Kopacz Piotr , Bąk Andrzej , Uriasz Janusz , Naus Krzysztof
Published: July 2013

In consequence of the adoption of the Manila Amendments to the STCW Convention and Code, the ECDIS model course would need to be reviewed and updated. Accordingly, three Polish matitime academies/universities present common position what necessary steps should be taken to revise and update existing IMO model course on Operational Use of ECDIS. Notes and comments relate to both the current existing IMO model course 1.27 on operational use of ECDIS and its new version proposed by the United States in the document STW 43/3/1. Comments and remarks to revised draft model course 1.27 cover the following parts and topics: Course Framework, Course Outline and Timetable, Detailed Teaching Syllabus, Instructor Manual, Evaluation and Assessment, and appendices for the ECDIS Instructor: Introduction of Operational use of ECDIS, ECDIS Performance Standard references, ECDIS Carriage Requirements, STCW Manila Amendments on ECDIS, Training scenario types and scenario success, and Integrated navigation training example.
Traumatic Full-Thickness Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Tendon Tears
Authors: Cain E. Lyle , Andrachuk John , Wilk Kevin E.
Published: July 2013

The patient was a 23-year-old male professional American football player who played wide receiver. He injured his right shoulder 3 days earlier during practice, diving to catch a pass and landing on his right arm while it was outstretched overhead. When he landed on the ground, the patient reported that he felt his right shoulder dislocate. Based on the patient's mechanism of injury and the findings of a physical examination by an orthopaedic surgeon and a physical therapist, radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were ordered. Though the radiographs were interpreted as normal, magnetic resonance imaging revealed full-thickness infraspinatus and teres minor tendon tears at their insertion sites on the humerus.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):583. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0414
Low Back Pain Following a Fall
Authors: Williams Michael J.
Published: July 2013

The patient was a 29-year-old man who presented to an emergency department with a chief complaint of low back pain. Symptom onset occurred 3 weeks earlier, following a fall off a roof. The physician ordered radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spines, which were interpreted as normal. After receiving the results of the radiographs, the physician referred the patient to a physical therapist working in the emergency department. Because of the strong suspicion for a fracture and because radiographs are not considered to be sensitive to some of the bony changes associated with fractures,1 computed tomography imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spines was ordered. The computed tomography imaging revealed multilevel, small end-plate compression defects, most marked at T12-L1, with mild anterior wedging and retropulsion of a small bone fragment at L1.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):584. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0415
Leading via Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Murphy Joseph , Hallinger Philip , Heck Ronald H.
Published: July 2013

Over the last decade, teacher evaluation has moved onto center stage in efforts to strengthen schooling. In this article, we address the question of whether focusing on this administrative process is likely to accomplish what reformers hope. We answer that question by examining the available evidence, both direct and indirect. We deepen the empirical narrative that emerges there by highlighting workplace norms and conditions of work in schools.
Message from the President of BOS
Authors: Haq Mohammad Emadul
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i1.15967 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2010; Vol-1, No.1
Skeletal Class III malocclusion treated by pre-surgical orthodontics followed by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy
Authors: Hossain MZ , Rizvi HM , Mamun MSA , Haque S
Published: July 2013

Surgical correction of Dentofacial Deformities is the work of many surgeons but the orthodontist are very much involved in preparing the patients for surgery. This case report describes treatment for severe skeletal Class III with excessive reverse overjet by pre-surgical orthodontic treatment followed by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). The patient had a concave profile, a long lower facial height, large tongue volume and excessive mandibular protrusion and a high mandibular plane angle. The occlusion was well aligned including root paralleling in both the arches during the presurgical orthodontic treatment phase. After dental correction in both the arches, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with mandibular push back was performed. The post treatment records showed a good facial profile and occlusion. The mandible was stable, however, there was spacing in the upper anterior segment. These results demonstrate that presurgical orthodontic treatment combined with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy resulted improvement of facial profile, aesthesis and functional need. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15984 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 9-12
Surgical Exposure of Impacted Upper Right central Incisor and Its Proper Alignment in the Dental Arch
Authors: Rita SN , Sadat SMA , Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

Reported case is of a 9-year-old-girl with unerupted malposed upper right central incisor, which was treated by sequential surgical exposure and fixed orthodontic treatment. The tooth was aligned in the dental arch with accepted aesthetic and functional satisfaction of the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15986 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 16-17
Management of Class I crowding by comprehensive edgewise orthodontic therapy
Authors: Mamun MSA , Rabbani RMG , Shupty EH , Haq ME , Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

This case report describes the management of a 25-year-old female patient having Class I malocclusion with maxillary and mandibular crowding.The treatment include extracting the lower right central incisor and comprehensive edgewise orthodontic therapy. We decided extraction of lower right central incisor because it was broken down crown and also for shortening the treatment time and easy correction of mandibular crowding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15988 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 25-28
Treatment Technique: Practical & Clinical Management of Angle Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

This article is a continuation of the series of technique training in orthodontics especially for the postgradute trainees as well as for the practitioners who will learn and practice Fixed Appliance Technique. Once again, I believe that post-graduate trainee doctors, faculty members, private practitioners and all other concerned will find this article as a guide line during their training as well as in their professional practicing period. The article describes the technique training and design of standard edge-wise-technique in sequential stages with illustrated case reports for treating class III molar relationship with crowded arch in maxilla and anterior cross bite. The author acknowledges that the article is summarized from the lectures, handouts during his postgraduate studies in Kyushu University and Hiroshima University, Japan DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15989 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 29-36
Orthodontic President Summit Meeting
Authors: Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15991Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 38-42
Cephalometric norms of young adults of Bangladesh (Steiners analysis)- preliminary report
Authors: Rizvi HM , Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

Cephalometric radiography is the most significant tool for improving taxonomy, communication and analysis of dentofacial variation, as in orthodontic evaluation and treatment, analysis of craniofacial morphology is essential. Steiner's analysis was used in this study; because its methods of assessing skeletal and dental morphology are very useful and valid providing maximal clinical information with the least number of measurements. The objective of this study was to describe the craniofacial pattern of Bangladeshi young adults and to compare it with accepted standards for the Caucasian population according to Steiner analysis. The study will also evaluate morphological differences between male and female Bangladeshi normal occlusion subjects. This is a cross-sectional observational study having both descriptive and analytical components. The study was conducted in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital on 52 Bangladeshi young adults (27male and 25 females), aged 21-27 years, having balanced harmonious facial profiles, clinically acceptable occlusion with permanent dentition and no history of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of these subjects were used for a series of cephalometric analyses. All the measurements were computed statistically. The study findings show that Bangladeshi subjects were more protrusive skeletally and dentally than Caucasians with a greater tendency towards bimaxillary protrusion. Furthermore, the mandibular plane angle was smaller than that of the Caucasians, suggesting more prominent horizontal growth pattern in the Bangladeshis. However, when the male and female Bangladeshi subjects were compared, no significant differences were found in cephalometric craniofacial parameters between both sexes. In view of the findings of this study, it is evident that there are some fundamental differences in the craniofacial structure between Bangladeshis and the Caucasians. These differences should be kept in mind to facilitate better diagnosis, and orthodontic treatment for Bangladeshi patients. The results of the present study support the idea that a single standard of facial esthetics should not be applied to all racial and ethnic groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15997 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 11-15
Orthodontic management of a case with skeletal Class III malocclusion
Authors: Sajedeen M , Rizvi H , Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

Class III malocclusions are considered one of the most complex and difficult orthodontic problems to diagnose and treat. Skeletal and/or dental asymmetries in patients presenting with Class III malocclusions can worsen the prognosis. Recognizing the dentoalveolar and skeletal characteristics of Class III malocclusions and their treatment possibilities is essential for a favorable nonsurgical correction. Therefore, this article presents a nonsurgical extraction approach to Class III malocclusion treatment which can significantly improve the occlusal and facial discrepancies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15999 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 20-25
Orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion (Case series)
Authors: Alam MK , Sikder MA
Published: July 2013

This article concerns orthodontic treatment of a 20 and 22 years old Bangladeshi female and 23, 21 and 23 years old Bangladeshi male with class III malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment carried out with preadjusted Roth type (018 slot) fixed brackets with maxillary and mandibular anteriors management and alignment to accomplish the treatment. The esthetics and occlusion were maintained after retention. The need for treatment is mainly attributed to esthetic and functional ones. This paper reviews different treatment techniques to manage the situation and presents five cases to illustrate a range of class III malocclusion corrections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.16000 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 26-27
Learning pathways during clinical placement of physiotherapy students: a Malaysian experience of using learning contracts and reflective diaries
Authors: Ramli Ayiesah , Joseph Leonard , Lee Seow Woon
Published: July 2013

Purpose:Learning contracts and reflective diaries are educational tools that have been recently introduced to physiotherapy students from Malaysia during clinical education. It is unclear how students perceive the experience of using a learning contract and reflective diary. This study explores the learning pathways of the students after using a learning contract and a reflective diary for the first time in their clinical placement.Methods:A total of 26 final-year physiotherapy students completed a learning contract and a reflective diary during clinical placements. Two researchers explored the data qualitatively by the thematic content analysis method using NVivo.Results:A total of four and six main learning themes were identified from the data of the students through a learning contract and reflective diary.Conclusion:These learning themes reflected the views of the students about what they have considered to be important learning pathways during their clinical placements. They give valuable insights into the experiences and opinions of students during their clinical education process, which should be useful for enhancing teaching and learning methods in physiotherapy education.
Spatial and Temporal Habitat Use of an Asian Elephant in Sumatra
Authors: Sitompul Arnold , Griffin Curtice , Rayl Nathaniel , Fuller Todd
Published: July 2013

Increasingly, habitat fragmentation caused by agricultural and human development has forced Sumatran elephants into relatively small areas, but there is little information on how elephants use these areas and thus, how habitats can be managed to sustain elephants in the future. Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) collar and a land cover map developed from TM imagery, we identified the habitats used by a wild adult female elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the Seblat Elephant Conservation Center, Bengkulu Province, Sumatra during 2007–2008. The marked elephant (and presumably her 40–60 herd mates) used a home range that contained more than expected medium canopy and open canopy land cover. Further, within the home range, closed canopy forests were used more during the day than at night. When elephants were in closed canopy forests they were most often near the forest edge vs. in the forest interior. Effective elephant conservation strategies in Sumatra need to focus on forest restoration of cleared areas and providing a forest matrix that includes various canopy types.
Folding Kinetics of Riboswitch Transcriptional Terminators and Sequesterers
Authors: Sauerwine Ben , Widom Michael
Published: July 2013

To function as gene regulatory elements in response to environmental signals, riboswitches must adopt specific secondary structures on appropriate time scales. We employ kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to model the time-dependent folding during transcription of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitch expression platforms. According to our simulations, riboswitch transcriptional terminators, which must adopt a specific hairpin configuration by the time they have been transcribed, fold with higher efficiency than Shine-Dalgarno sequesterers, whose proper structure is required only at the time of ribosomal binding. Our findings suggest both that riboswitch transcriptional terminator sequences have been naturally selected for high folding efficiency, and that sequesterers can maintain their function even in the presence of significant misfolding.
Influence of Heat Treatments on Carotenoid Content of Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: D'Evoli Laura , Lombardi-Boccia Ginevra , Lucarini Massimo
Published: July 2013

Tomatoes and tomato products are rich sources of carotenoids—principally lycopene, followed by β-carotene and lutein. The aim of this work was to study the effect of heat treatment on carotenoid content in cherry tomatoes. Raw and canned products were sampled and analysed; furthermore whole, skin and pulp fractions of cherry tomatoes were analysed when raw and home-processed, in order to better understand heat treatment effects. Lycopene content in canned tomatoes was two-fold higher than in raw tomatoes (11.60 mg/100 g versus 5.12 mg/100 g). Lutein and β-carotene were respectively 0.15 mg/100 g and 0.75 mg/100 g in canned tomatoes versus 0.11 mg/100 g and 1.00 mg/100 g in raw tomatoes. For home-processed tomatoes, β-carotene and lutein showed a content decrease in all thermally treated products. This decrease was more evident for β-carotene in the skin fraction (−17%), while for lutein it was greater in the pulp fraction (−25%). Lycopene presented a different pattern: after heat treatment its concentration increased both in the whole and in pulp fractions, while in the skin fraction it decreased dramatically (−36%). The analysis of the isomers formed during the thermal treatment suggests that lycopene is rather stable inside the tomato matrix.
Dynamics of Sheep Production in Brazil
Authors: Hermuche Potira , Maranhão Rebecca , Guimarães Renato , De Carvalho Osmar , Gomes Roberto , Paiva Samuel , McManus Concepta
Published: July 2013

Sheep production is present on all continents and has been practiced in Brazil since the colonization. In this study, the multitemporal dynamics of sheep production in Brazil is examined using official government data (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics-IBGE) from 1976 to 2010. Maps of flock growth rates and growth acceleration maps by municipality were elaborated. The Southern states are seen to show a reduction in production mainly due to the wool crisis in the 1970s and 80s. The Northeast is seen to be important for meat production. More recently, centerwest and northern states have shown an increase in growth rates but this is still incipient. The maps of growth, acceleration and midpoint for sheep production showed a noticeable return to an increase in production in the South in recent years. The midpoint of production flow was in the northeast direction, which has stagnated. There was great dynamics in sheep production over the whole Brazilian territory, which affected supply chains due to the expansion of domestic and foreign markets. Areas with higher fluctuations in production are more vulnerable in terms of investment policies.
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Thomas Reju , Park In-Kyu , Jeong Yong
Published: July 2013

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have emerged as an MRI contrast agent for tumor imaging due to their efficacy and safety. Their utility has been proven in clinical applications with a series of marketed SPION-based contrast agents. Extensive research has been performed to study various strategies that could improve SPION by tailoring the surface chemistry and by applying additional therapeutic functionality. Research into the dual-modal contrast uses of SPION has developed because these applications can save time and effort by reducing the number of imaging sessions. In addition to multimodal strategies, efforts have been made to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that carry both diagnostic and therapeutic cargos specifically for cancer. This review provides an overview of recent advances in multimodality imaging agents and focuses on iron oxide based nanoparticles and their theranostic applications for cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the physiochemical properties and compare different synthesis methods of SPION for the development of multimodal contrast agents.
A Perspective on the Flame Spray Synthesis of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles
Authors: Teoh Wey
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of functional nanoparticles via one-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), especially those of catalytic nature, has attracted the interests of scientists and engineers, as well as industries. The rapid and high temperature continuous synthesis yields nanoparticles with intrinsic features of active catalysts, that is, high surface area and surface energetics. For these reasons, FSP finds applications in various thermally inducible catalytic reactions. However, the design and synthesis of photocatalysts by FSP requires a knowledge set which is different from that established for thermal catalysts. Unknown to many, this has resulted in frustrations to those entering the field unprepared, especially since FSP appears to be an elegant tool in synthesising oxide nanoparticles of any elemental construct. From simple oxide to doped-oxide, and mixed metal oxide to the in situ deposition of noble metals, this Perspective gives an overview on the development of photocatalysts made by FSP in the last decade that led to a better understanding of the design criteria. Various challenges and opportunities are also highlighted, especially those beyond simple metal oxides, which perhaps contain the greatest potential for the exploitation of photocatalysts design by FSP.
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Constituents of Kleinia odora Growing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Musayeib Nawal , Mothana Ramzi , Gamal Ali , Al-Massarani Shaza , Maes Louis
Published: July 2013

Two lupane and four ursane triterpenes, namely epilupeol (1), lupeol acetate (2), ursolic acid (3), brein (4), 3β 11α-dihydroxy urs-12-ene (5) and ursolic acid lactone (6) were isolated from aerial parts of Kleinia odora and identified. Compounds 1 and 3–6 were isolated for the first time from K. odora. The triterpene constituents were investigated for antiprotozoal potential against erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi and free trypomastigotes of T. brucei. Cytotoxicity was determined against MRC-5 fibroblasts to assess selectivity. The ursane triterpenes were found to be active against more than one type of the tested parasites, with the exception of compound 6. This is also the first report on the occurrence of ursane type triterpenes in the genus Kleinia and their antiprotozoal potential against P. falciparum, L. infantum, T. cruzi, and T. brucei.
Les prestations de logement sur l'exercice 1985-1986
Authors: Mathieu Françoise
Published: July 2013

Cet article fait la synthèse des informations sur le sujet. Il précède la publication annuelle , par la branche "Recherche et Prévisions" , du volume détaillé des prestations de logement . 4,2 millions de familles ont bénéficié d'une prestation de logement au cours de 1'exercice 1985-1986, pour un montant de 35 milliards de francs. Désormais, 1'aide personnalisée au logement est la principale prestation de logement, elle a représenté 45 % des prestations versées (contre 38 % 1'exercice précédent ) . L'accroissement de cette part s'est faite au détriment de l'allocation de logement familiale et sociale.
Les prestations familiales versées en 1986 par l'ensemble des régimes
Authors: Boissières Catherine
Published: July 2013

Les prestations familiales (PF) s'élèvent à 119 milliards de francs en 1986. Depuis 1984, l'évolution, en francs constants, de 0,7 % en moyenne annuelle de l'ensemble des PF englobe une masse stable de prestations familiales, d'une part, un ensemble dynamique de prestations de logement et de prestations spécifiques dont la progression, en moyenne annuelle, s'élève respectivement à 3,4 % et 3,3 %.
Avoir deux ou trois enfants : contraintes, arbitrages et compromis
Authors: Thave Suzanne
Published: July 2013

La présente note est une synthèse d'un rapport de recherche sur un travail à mi-parcours effectué par deux chercheuses du CNRS, Christine Castelain-Meunier et Jeanne Fagnani, sur un contrat CNAF sous le titre : "Le refus du troisième enfant - Stratégies de reproduction et transformations socioculturelles. Le cas des couches moyennes" . Il s'agit des premiers résultats de 1' analyse de quarante entretiens auprès de femmes des classes moyennes de la région parisienne ayant un niveau d' éducation supérieure. Le rapport final portera, entre autres, sur la comparaison avec une population identique résidant en province et sur une analyse de paternité réalisée auprès d'un échantillon de la population masculine.
Evolutions mensuelles des effectifs des bénéficiaires de prestations
Authors: Barbier Jean-Claude
Published: July 2013

La clientèle des Caisses d' allocations familiales ne constitue pas une population totalement figée : elle subit les contrecoups des modifications apportées à la législation des prestations familiales et dans une moindre mesure, elle est tributaire des évolutions socio-économiques. En outre, des évolutions mensuelles peuvent être repérées.

Depuis janvier 1983, la CAF de Saône- et-Loire établit des séries statistiques qui retracent les mouvements mensuels ( entrée/ sortie ) des bénéficiaires de chacune des prestations légales. Cinquante quatre mois d'observation (de janvier 1983 à juin 1987) permettent de dégager un certain nombre de constats dignes d'intérêt.

L ' article qui suit résume les principaux enseignements de l'étude de la CAF de Saône- et-Loire ainsi que des compléments apportés par François Lagarde.
Réponses à l'appel de propositions de recherches "Droit et nouvelles formes de vie familiale" (1re session)
Authors: Blanc Catherine
Published: July 2013

L'appel à des propositions de recherches sur le thème "Droit et nouvelles formes de la vie familiale" , après avoir reçu un avis favorable du conseil d'administration lors de sa séance du 9 juin 1987, a été largement diffusé dans le monde français de la recherche ( laboratoires de recherche, CNRS, universités, bureaux d'étude, etc.), et à une quinzaine de laboratoires et universités des pays de la CEE, ainsi qu'à l'ensemble des CAF, soit environ 260 destinataires.
La mesure de la pauvreté
Authors: Debordeaux Danièle
Published: July 2013

Nous ne disposons pas, en France, de données statistiques sur les populations dites "pauvres". Mais il est néanmoins clair, pour tout le monde, que la pauvreté s 'est aggravée avec la montée du chômage en particulier. D 'autres facteurs ont bien sûr joué leur rôle, le développement des familles monoparentales notamment, mais cet article n'a pas pour objet de les examiner. Son objectif est limité, il est simplement de faire le point sur les méthodes de mesure de la pauvreté à l'aide de "lignes de pauvreté" définies par un seuil le plus souvent monétaire. En particulier n'est pas développé le débat sur l'impossible définition de la pauvreté et donc de sa mesure.
Les recherches sur les lignes de pauvreté à l 'étranger
Authors: Debordeaux Danièle
Published: July 2013

Cet article n'est pas le résultat d'une recherche systématique des travaux des plus intéressants faits à l'étranger en matière de mesure de la pauvreté. Il n'est que le reflet de quelques contacts que nous avons pu établir avec certaines équipes. Il nous semble que ces travaux méritent d 'être mieux connus qu'ils ne le sont en France et qu'ils pourraient éclairer utilement nos réflexions.
Tentatives de mesure du nombre de bénéficiaires potentiels du RMI
Authors: Yakubovich Yolanda
Published: July 2013

Lorsqu 'une mesure de l ampleur du RMI doit être mise en place, il est nécessaire de pouvoir en estimer les bénéficiaires potentiels. Il s 'est donc avéré nécessaire de fournir les ordres de grandeur du nombre de bénéficiaires du RMI, utiles tant pour appréhender la faisabilité budgétaire de ce projet que pour évaluer "ex-post" l'impact de cette nouvelle prestation. Le problème posé dans ce cas précis est le manque de données statistiques spécifiques sur les populations pauvres. La CNAF a proposé une méthode de chiffrage fondée essentiellement sur les données contenues dans les fichiers de gestion des CAF complétées par des données extérieures.
L'approche par les revenus : une analyse longitudinale
Authors: Chastand Antoine
Published: July 2013

L 'approche à la fois très classique et très critiquée de la pauvreté par les revenus peut être enrichie lorsque l 'on introduit la dimension de la durée. Avoir peu de ressources peut n'être qu'un simple accident de parcours, en manquer de façon prolongée est un indicateur objectif d 'une situation dégradée. L'article suivant présente les résultats d'une analyse longitudinale des revenus des familles réalisée sur les données du panel de la CNAF.
Un exemple de simulation : les naissances
Authors: Grignon Michel
Published: July 2013

La première étape dans le déroulement du modèle concerne la composition de la famille, tout au moins ce qui intéresse le calcul des prestations familiales. On cherche donc à connaître, pour l 'année à prévoir, le nombre et l'âge des enfants, ainsi que le statut mono ou biparental de la famille. En ce qui concerne le nombre et l 'âge des enfants, connaître la situation au cours de l'année précédente permet de prévoir l'éventualité d'une naissance, ou d'une sortie de charge d'un enfant. En ce qui concerne le statut parental, l 'événement à prévoir est la séparation des couples ou le remariage des parents isolés. Les études des comportements démographiques font assez largement appel à des travaux en termes d'événements et donc de probabilités de transition. La littérature démographique cerne d 'ores et déjà assez bien les conditionnements véritablement décisifs. Il s'agit là d'une importante différence avec le domaine des revenus et de l 'activité, plus souvent décrits à un niveau agrégé par des flux annuels.
Le marché de la maison individuelle
Authors: Pinçon Michel , Pinçon-Charlot Monique
Published: July 2013

Dans le cadre du programme "Logement et vie familiale "de la CNAF, une recherche menée par Pierre Bourdieu et son équipe aborde les différents déterminants du marché de la maison individuelle, depuis la définition des politiques d'aide à l'accession au logement jusqu'aux conditions de la négociation vendeur-acheteur. Ce panorama du marché de la maison individuelle offre ainsi à tous ceux que cette question concerne un ensemble de points de repère et d'analyse permettant de situer leur propre position et leur propre action.
Droit du logement, droit et aides au logement
Authors: Gare Thierry
Published: July 2013

Pour l'individu comme pour le couple, le logement représente souvent le bien le plus précieux. Cependant, son statut est inégal selon les différentes formes de couples. Le choix et l'accès à ce bien important connaît des limites. Elles sont issues des modalités qui régissent les aides ; conventionnement et système de tiers payant pour le secteur locatif et celui de plans de financement souvent peu réalistes pour l'accession à la propriété. Ces aides répondent assez bien au but du législateur et se révèlent perfectibles. Dans cette étude effectuée à la demande la CNAF par le Centre de droit à la famille, l'auteur a eu le souci non seulement d'étudier les textes en vigueur mais aussi, par de nombreux entretiens sur le terrain, d''approcher les pratiques réelles en matière de location et d'accession.
La consommation domestique de 1950 à 1980
Authors: Renaudat Evelyne
Published: July 2013

Les transformations des conditions de vie des ménages au cours des trente dernières années sont ici observées sur le plan de l'évolution du confort du logement et sur celui de l 'équipement en produits ménagers.
L'accueil des jeunes enfants à travers les recherches de l'IRTS et du CREDOC
Authors: Leprince Frédérique
Published: July 2013

Dans le cadre du programme de recherche lancé par la CNAF sur "Activité féminine : vie professionnelle - vie familiale", deux recherches portaient spécifiquement sur l'accueil des jeunes enfants dont les parents exercent une activité professionnelle.

Toutes deux terminées récemment éclairent un domaine encore mal connu et sur lequel beaucoup reste à faire.
Sociologie de la famille et sociologie de l 'intérêt
Authors: Singly François de
Published: July 2013

Mariage d'amour ou mariage de raison, quel intérêt hommes et femmes trouvent ils à leur vie commune ? Deux ordres d'explication sont souvent recherchés. Le premier est économique. La spécialisation des rôles dans le mariage permettrait une meilleure efficacité économique collective. Mais cette vision rencontre vite deux limites : que doit-on prendre en ligne de compte et à quel moment fait on le bilan ? Selon les hypothèses retenues le solde peut apparaître très différent pour chacun des conjoints. Une deuxième thèse fait appel à l 'hypothèse d'incomplétude : dans un éventail de possibilités socialement ouvertes, chacun ne peut en explorer qu'un nombre limité. Vivre en couple, puis avoir des enfants, permettrait, par personnes interposées, d 'élargir son champ d 'expériences et de savoirs, son capital social.

Mais en fin de compte ces deux approches ne butent elles pas sur le même écueil, celui de leur impossible explicitation ? L 'union ne peut être durable en effet que si les comptes ne sont pas faits et si est entretenue l 'illusion de la gratuité, autrement appelée amour. A moins que cette gratuité, connue et reconnue par tous, ne soit un moyen de faire voir qu'à côté de capitaux sociaux et économiques, l 'on dispose aussi de qualités humaines. L 'amour serait ainsi, lui aussi, intéressé.
Le revenu minimum dans la CEE
Authors: Milano Serge
Published: July 2013

Le texte suivant présente les principaux points évoqués par Serge Milano lors de son intervention dans le cadre des rencontres CNAF-CAF à l'Estanyot.
Données de cadrage sur les familles monoparentales en 1989
Authors: Thave Suzanne
Published: July 2013

Comment du point de vue statistique se présentent aujourd'hui les familles monoparentales ? Si ce terme couvre des situations fort différentes, celui de famille sans conjoint paraît plus approprié. Cet article aide à mieux cerner les réalités actuelles de ces familles, du point de vue du sexe, de l 'âge des enfants, du statut matrimonial et de l 'activité des mères.