bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mandibular morphology of the Mongoloid race in Medan according to age groups
Authors: Sitanggang Maria , Boel Trelia
Published: September 2018

Background: The mandible constitutes part of the craniofacial bone that plays an important role in determining an individual’s facial profile. The mandible grows and develops throughout life from the prenatal phase up to old age when it becomes and edentulous. Changes in the mandible can be measured using radiographs. These establish several parameters of mandibular morphology, including: ramus height, condylion height, body length, condylion angle, symphysis height, symphysis width and symphysis angle. Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences in the mandibular morphology of members of the mongoloid racial group in Medan according to age as measured by cephalometric radiography. Methods: This investigation constituted analytical research using cross-sectional study with a total sample of 150 individuals divided according to age: group 1 (aged 4-12 years), group 2 (aged 13-24 years, group 3 (aged 25-34 years), group 4 (aged 35-60 years) and group of 5 (aged > 60 years). The parameters were computerized by means of a digital cephalometric radiograph, the resulting data being analized with Oneway ANOVA and LSD. Results: The mean value of the highest to the lowest ramus height, and symphysis height from the five age groups, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 5, group 2, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of body length, condylion height, condylion angle, and symphysis width, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 2, group 5, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of symphysis angle, sequentially, were in group 1, group 3, group 4, group 2, and  group 5. Conclusion: The mandibular morphology of each age group differs in Mongoloid races in Medan based on lateral cephalometric radiography in which changes are may be affected by the state of teeth and age.
Acid fast bacilli detected in the oral swab sample of a pulmonary tuberculosis patient
Authors: Bakti Reiska Kumala , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Soebadi Bagus , Hadi Priyo
Published: September 2018

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that persists as a health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as an etiological agent, is transmitted from infected to uninfected individuals via airborne droplet nuclei. Oral health care workers or dental practitioners may be at high risk of TB infection because of their close proximity to infected individuals during treatment procedures. Simple and rapid screening of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the oral cavity is necessary in order to prevent transmission of infection. Purpose: To investigate the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the buccal mucosa of pulmonary TB patients. Methods: Nineteen pulmonary TB patients of both sexes, ranging in age from 19 to 74 years old participated in this study. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was performed by clinical symptom assessment and supporting examination, including acid-fast bacilli on sputum examination. Two buccal mucosa swabs taken from pulmonary TB patients were collected for acid fast bacilli direct smear by Ziehl Neelsen staining. Results: With regard to mycobacterium tuberculosis, acid-fast bacilli presented in 10.5% of the oral buccal mucosa swabs of subjects, whereas in the sputum specimens, bacilli were found in 52.6% of subjects. Conclusion: Acid-fast bacilli can be found in the buccal epithelial mucosa of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, although its presence was very limited.
Differences in photodynamic therapy exposure time and Staphylococcus aureus counts
Authors: Tambayong Adeline Jovita , Widjiastuti Ira , Lunardhi Cecilia G. J.
Published: September 2018

Background: The success of endodontic treatment can be achieved when pathogenic bacteria are eliminated from the root canal and periapical tissue resulting in healing of such tissue. One of the bacteria located in root canals is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reportedly found to be in severe periapical abscesses. Photodynamic therapy is one current technology that can help eliminate microorganisms without causing damage to human body cells. Average of research has been conducted using different tools and bacteria to evaluate the effects of exposure time used in photodynamic therapy on the number of bacteria. Purpose: The research reported here aimed to determine the correlation between the exposure time of photodynamic therapy and the number of S. aureus bacteria. Methods: The S. aureus bacteria used in this research were divided into seven treatment groups: a control group and six treatment groups with respective exposure times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds. All of the bacteria were administered a photosensitiser and radiated according to the treatment intended for each group. They were then planted in nutrient agar and incubated for 48 hours. The colonies of bacteria formed were calculated using the Quebec colony counter and subsequently analyzed by means of both Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: After calculating the number of bacterial colonies, the average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the non-irradiated group was 119 CFU/ml, 29 CFU/ml in the group with a 10-second exposure time, 20 CFU/ml in the group with a 20-second exposure time, 13 CFU/ml in the group with a 30-second exposure time, 7 CFU/ml in the group with a 40-second exposure time, but none in the groups with exposure times of 50 or 60 seconds. Conclusion: The longer the photodynamic therapy exposure time, the greater the number of S. aureus bacteria eliminated. An exposure time of 50 seconds was found to be sufficient to exterminate all S. aureus bacteria present.
The Role of Aberrations in the Immune-inflammatory Reflex System (IRS) and the Compensatory Immune-regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) in Different Phenotypes of Schizophrenia: The IRS-CIRS Theory of Schizophrenia
Authors: Roomruangwong Chutima , Noto Cristiano , Kanchanatawan Buranee , Anderson George , Kubera Marta , Carvalho Andre F. , Maes Michael
Published: September 2018

In this paper we propose a novel theoretical framework, which was previously developed for major depression and bipolar disorder, namely the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS), as applied to the neuro-immune pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its phenotypes, including first episode psychosis (FEP), acute relapses, chronic and treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), comorbid depression, and deficit schizophrenia. These schizophrenia phenotypes and manifestations are accompanied by increased production of positive acute phase proteins, including haptoglobin and α2-macroglobulin, complement factors, and macrophagic M1 (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), T helper (Th)-1 (interferon-γ and IL-2R), Th-2 (IL-4, IL-5), Th-17 (IL-17) and T regulatory (Treg; IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1) cytokines, cytokine-induced activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway as well as chemokines, including CCL-11 (eotaxin), CCL-2, CCL-3 and CXCL-8. While the immune profiles in the different schizophrenia phenotypes indicate activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), there are simultaneous signs of CIRS activation, including increased levels of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), sIL-2R and tumor necrosis factor-a receptors, Th-2 and Treg phenotypes with increased IL-4 and IL-10 production, and increased levels of TRYCATs and haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin and other acute phase reactants, which have immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Signs of activated IRS and CIRS pathways are also detected in TRS, chronic and deficit schizophrenia indicating that these conditions are accompanied by a new homeostatic setpoint between upregulated IRS and CIRS components. In FEP, increased baseline CIRS activity is a protective factor which may predict favorable clinical outcomes. Moreover, impairments in the CIRS are associated with deficit schizophrenia and greater impairments in semantic and episodic memory. It is concluded that CIRS plays a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia by negatively regulating the primary IRS and contributing to recovery from the acute phase of illness. Components of the CIRS may offer promising therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
Modulation of the CCR6-CCL20 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Inflammation and Cancer
Authors: Ranasinghe Ranmali , Eri Rajaraman
Published: September 2018

Prototypical functions of the chemokine receptor CCR6 include immune regulation by manoeuvring cell chemotaxis and selective delimiting of the pro-inflammatory TH17 and regulatory Treg subsets during chronic or acute systemic inflammation. Inhibition of CCR6 is proposed to attenuate disease symptoms and promote recuperation of multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Prescription medicines with pharmacodynamics involving the inhibition of the chemokine axis CCR6-CCL20 is very limited. Developing such therapeutics is still at an early experimental stage which has mostly utilized pre-clinical models and neutralizing mono or polyclonal antibodies against either partner, CCR6 or CCL20. Other methods have been constitutive use of small molecules as peptide inhibitors or small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to interfere with transcription at the nuclear level. We in our review aim at introducing the wide array of potential CCR6-CCL20 inhibitors that have been tried to date in the research field with accent on attendant immune-modulator capacity and which are immensely promising compounds as forerunners of future curatives. 16 different tractable inhibitors of the CCR6-CCL20 duo have been identified to possess high medicinal potential to the drug developers worldwide to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A multitude of antibody preparations are already available in the current pharmaceutical market as patented treatment for diseases in which the CCR6-CCL20 axis is operative, yet must be used only as supplements with existing routinely prescribed medication as they collectively produce adverse side effects. Novel inhibitors are needed to evaluate this invaluable therapeutic target which holds much promise in the research and development of complaisant remedies for inflammatory diseases.
Limited Cross-Shelf Variation in the Growth of Three Branching Corals on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Burn Deborah , Pratchett Morgan S. , Thompson Cassandra A. , Pratchett Deborah J. , Hoey Andrew S.
Published: September 2018

Pronounced differences exist in the biodiversity and structure of coral reef assemblages with increasing distance from shore, which may be expected given marked cross-shelf gradients in environmental conditions. Cross-shelf variation in the abundance of coral reef organisms is likely to be caused, at least in part, by differences in demography (e.g., growth and survival), though this has rarely been tested. This study quantified growth of three distinct coral taxa (Acropora nasuta, Pocillopora spp., and Stylophora pistillata) at 6 sites on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), encompassing inshore, mid-shelf and outer-shelf reefs. Replicate colonies (up to 15 colonies per species, per reef) were stained using Alizarin red in December 2015 and retrieved 1-year later to quantify linear extension on replicate branches for each colony. Annual linear extension varied within and among coral taxa, with pronounced differences among reefs. For A. nausta. and S. pistillata, growth rates were highest at Orpheus Island, which is an inner shelf reef. However, inter-reef differences in coral growth were not explained by shelf position. Based on differences in skeletal density, which did vary according to shelf position, branching corals at the inshore sites may actually have higher rates of calcification compared to conspecifics on mid- and outer-shelf reefs. This study shows that growth of branching corals is not lower at inshore sites (and perhaps even higher) compared to sites at mid-shelf and outer reefs, despite generally higher levels of sedimentation and turbidity.
Physicochemical Characterization of FRET-labelled Chitosan Nanocapsules and Model Degradation Studies
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan , Gorzelanny Christian , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Goycoolea Francisco M.
Published: September 2018

Sub-micron o/w emulsions coated with chitosan have been used for drug delivery, quorum sensing inhibition and vaccine development. To study interactions with biological systems, nanocapsules have been fluorescently labelled in previous works, but it is often difficult to distinguish the released label from intact nanocapsules. In this study, we present advanced labelling strategies based on FRET measurements for chitosan-coated nanocapsules and investigate their dissolution and degradation. We used FRET measurements of nanocapsules loaded with equimolar concentrations of two fluorescent dyes in their oily core and correlated them with DLS count rate measurement and absorbance measurements during their disintegration by dissolution. Using count rate measurements, we also investigated the enzymatic degradation of nanocapsules using pancreatin and how protein corona formation influences their degradation. Of note, nanocapsules dissolved in ethanol, where FRET decreased simultaneously with count rate, and absorbance caused by nanocapsule turbidity, indicating increased distance between dye molecules after their release. Nanocapsules were degradable by pancreatin in a dose dependent manner, and showed a delayed enzymatic degradation after protein corona formation. We present here novel labelling strategies for nanocapsules that allow us to judge their status and an in vitro method to study nanocapsule degradation and the influence of surface characteristics.
Research on Moving Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Lidar and Visual Fusion
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Liu Yuansheng , Zhong Qixue , Chai Mengna ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University No.97 Beisihuan East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100101, China,   Beijing Engineering Research Center of Smart Mechanical Innovation Design Service, Beijing Union University No.97 Beisihuan East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100101, China
Published: September 2018

Multi-sensor fusion and target tracking are two key technologies for the environmental awareness system of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a moving target tracking method based on the fusion of Lidar and binocular camera is proposed. Firstly, the position information obtained by the two types of sensors is fused at decision level by using adaptive weighting algorithm, and then the Joint Probability Data Association (JPDA) algorithm is correlated with the result of fusion to achieve multi-target tracking. Tested at a curve in the campus and compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm, the experimental results show that this algorithm can effectively overcome the limitation of a single sensor and track more accurately.
Modality-Reconstructed Cross-Media Retrieval via Sparse Neural Networks Pre-Trained by Restricted Boltzmann Machines
Authors: Zhang Bin ,   Department of Computer Science, Shandong Normal University No. 1, University Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250300, China, Zhang Huaxiang , Sun Jiande , Wang Zhenhua , Wu Hongchen , Dong Xiao
Published: September 2018

Cross-media retrieval has raised a lot of research interests, and a significant number of works focus on mapping the heterogeneous data into a common subspace using a couple of projection matrices corresponding to each modal data before implementing similarity comparison. Differently, we reconstruct one modal data (e.g., images) to the other one (e.g., texts) using a model named sparse neural network pre-trained by Restricted Boltzmann Machines (MRCR-RSNN) so that we can project one modal data into the space of the other one directly. In the model, input is low-level features of one modal data and output is the other one. And cross-media retrieval is implemented based on the similarities of their representatives. Our model need not any manual annotation and its application is more widely. It is simple but effective. We evaluate the performance of our method on several benchmark datasets, and experimental results prove its effectiveness based on the Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Precision Recall (PR).
Stability Regions of Nonlinear LCL-Filtered Converter with Converter-Current-Feedback Control Without Damping
Authors: Wang Qingyi , Wang Xuefen , Ding Min , Yin Quan , Li Haichun ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan 430074, China,   School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: September 2018

The stability regions of a LCL-filtered converter adopting converter-current-feedback control without damping are analyzed. The nonlinear LCL-filtered model is presented to investigate its influence on the system stability. The stability analysis is performed by means of the Nyquist diagram in s domain. It reveals that three factors have the dominant effects on the system stability, including internal loss of LCL-filtered model, PWM transport delay and controller parameters. The undamped stability boundaries of the system gain calculated by the symmetrical optimum method are obtained. It can be found that stable regions for the nonlinear LCL-filtered system are extended into a continuous region of ratios of LCL filter resonance frequency to control frequency from three distinct regions. Finally, the stable regions are validated by the nonlinear model simulation, and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
Study on the Adaptation with Learning About the Environment: The Case of Post-Acquisition Integration
Authors: Su Jing , Songhori Mohsen Jafari , Terano Takao ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan,   Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente Ravelijn 5151, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Published: September 2018

Organizations can be considered as complex systems that can adapt to their changing environment. In this work, we study a complex system adapting to an unfamiliar environment with learning; this is grounded in the context of the post-acquisition integration of the companies. More specifically, we conceptualize post-acquisition integration from the perspective of behavioral theory as a reason for the environmental changes to the firms (agents). We studied the adaptation of these complex systems and we propose a coupled learning method over the NK landscape. The simulation results show that the initial perceptions of the agents regarding the new task environment can be quite influential to the performance of the entire system during the adaptation process. Correct initial perceptions can help the system to quickly achieve high performance, whereas incorrect initial perceptions may prevent the system from reaching high performance. Lack of initial perceptions could lead to a slow yet robust adaptation process with a moderate level of performance. Moreover, certain other factors, such as the sensitivity to the feedback from the environment, the incentive of the system for exploration, and the learning frequency, may have different impact on the adaptation and performance of the system.
Fuzzy Logic Implementation for Power Efficiency, Reliable Irrigation, and Temperature Control of Smart Farm
Authors: Culibrina Francisco B. ,   De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines, Dadios Elmer P.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents fuzzy logic algorithm for Power Efficiency, Reliable Irrigation, and Temperature Control (PERITC) of Smart Farm. The desired motor speed for pump irrigation and required temperature inside the plant chamber is obtained using fuzzy logic system. The fuzzy logic inputs are data from the water reservoir, plant water requirements, power optimization control, inside temperature, and outside temperature of the plant chamber. The results of this study show that the controller using fuzzy algorithm are reliable, efficient and robust.
A Comparative Sensor Based Multi-Classes Neural Network Classifications for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Aminpour Ramtin ,   De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines, Dadios Elmer
Published: September 2018

Human activity recognition with the smartphone could be important for many applications, especially since most of the people use this device in their daily life. A smartphone is a portable gadget with internal sensors and enough hardware power to accommodate this problem. In this paper, three neural network algorithms were compared to detect six major activities. The data are collected by a smartphone in real life and simulated on the remote server. The results show that MLP and GMDH neural network have better accuracy and performance compared with the LVQ neural network algorithm.
Fuzzy Rule Formulation Algorithm for Fuzzy Logic-Based 6-DOF Robot Arm Controller
Authors: Abad Alexander C. , Ligutan Dino Dominic F. , Bandala Argel A. , Dadios Elmer P. ,   Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines,   Manufacturing Engineering and Management Department, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines
Published: September 2018

A fuzzy logic-based controller with fuzzy rule formulation algorithm on software and actual control for a 6-DOF robotic arm was implemented. A robotic arm with 4-DOF attached a 2-DOF gripper serves as the testing platform. The actual robotic arm was characterized and the parameters are used for the simulator to mimic actual response. The fuzzy logic controller is then implemented to the simulated robotic arm and was then implemented to the actual robotic arm to control its movement. The new features are as follows: (1) Implementation of simulated weight and frictional effects of dynamic robot arm movement, (2) formulation and justification of reduced fuzzy rules for control and (3) addition of a path-partitioning algorithm to further enhance the dynamic movement of the robotic arm.
MMMs-Induced Possibilistic Fuzzy Co-Clustering and its Characteristics
Authors: Ubukata Seiki ,   Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Koike Katsuya , Notsu Akira , Honda Katsuhiro
Published: September 2018

In the field of cluster analysis, fuzzy theory including the concept of fuzzy sets has been actively utilized to realize flexible and robust clustering methods. FuzzyC-means (FCM), which is the most representative fuzzy clustering method, has been extended to achieve more robust clustering. For example, noise FCM (NFCM) performs noise rejection by introducing a noise cluster that absorbs noise objects and possibilisticC-means (PCM) performs the independent extraction of possibilistic clusters by introducing cluster-wise noise clusters. Similarly, in the field of co-clustering, fuzzy co-clustering induced by multinomial mixture models (FCCMM) was proposed and extended to noise FCCMM (NFCCMM) in an analogous fashion to the NFCM. Ubukata et al. have proposed noise clustering-based possibilistic co-clustering induced by multinomial mixture models (NPCCMM) in an analogous fashion to the PCM. In this study, we develop an NPCCMM scheme considering variable cluster volumes and the fuzziness degree of item memberships to investigate the specific aspects of fuzzy nature rather than probabilistic nature in co-clustering tasks. We investigated the characteristics of the proposed NPCCMM by applying it to an artificial data set and conducted document clustering experiments using real-life data sets. As a result, we found that the proposed method can derive more flexible possibilistic partitions than the probabilistic model by adjusting the fuzziness degrees of object and item memberships. The document clustering experiments also indicated the effectiveness of tuning the fuzziness degree of object and item memberships, and the optimization of cluster volumes to improve classification performance.
Natural Language Generation Using Monte Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Kumagai Kaori , Kobayashi Ichiro , Mochihashi Daichi , Asoh Hideki , Nakamura Tomoaki , Nagai Takayuki ,   Advanced Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan,   The Institute of Statistical Mathematics 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa city, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
Published: September 2018

We propose a method of simulation-based natural language generation that accounts for both building a correct syntactic structure and reflecting the given situational information as input for the generated sentence. We employ the Monte Carlo tree search for this nontrivial search problem in simulation, using context-free grammar rules as search operators. We evaluated numerous generation results from two aspects: the appropriateness of sentence contents for the given input information and the sequence of words in a generated sentence. Furthermore, in order to realize an efficient search in simulation, we introduced procedures to unfold syntactic structures from words strongly related to the given situational information, and increased the probability of selecting those related words. Through a numbers of experiments, we confirmed that our method can effectively generate a sentence with various words and phrasings.
ESTRATÉGIAS UTILIZADAS POR ALUNOS DE 8º ANO NA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS MATEMÁTICOS
Authors: Muller Ana , Martins Silvana , Dullius Maria
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo apresenta-se parte de uma investigação maior, que buscou averiguar a influência de práticas de leitura e de escrita como facilitadoras nos processos de compreensão, interpretação e resolução de problemas matemáticos. Especificamente, neste artigo, optou-se por discutir sobre atividades que envolvem a utilização de diferentes estratégias de resolução de problemas matemáticos. As atividades foram desenvolvidas com oito alunos de uma turma de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, tendo, como principais fundamentos teóricos, Dante (2009), Cavalcante (2001) e Alves (2006) que destacam a importância do trabalho com resolução de problemas matemáticos, assim como também apontam a utilização de diferentes estratégias como fundamentais para a aprendizagem dos alunos. No decorrer do desenvolvimento das atividades, foram exploradas diferentes formas de resolver problemas, apresentando para os alunos que é possível utilizar outras formas para se chegar ao mesmo resultado para a atividade proposta. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados o diário de campo da pesquisadora, caderno individual dos alunos, observações e filmagens. Destaca-se a dificuldade enfrentada pelos alunos nas primeiras atividades de formulação de problemas matemáticos, inclusive uma resistência em relação a aceitar que um mesmo problema poderia ser resolvido de diferentes maneiras, porém percebeu-se um acentuado crescimento neste aspecto no decorrer das atividades.
EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL E A FORMAÇÃO DE HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES NA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Piasetzki Cláudia Thomé da Rosa , Boff Eva Teresinha de Oliveira
Published: September 2018

Apresentamos um mapeamento de produções científicas cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar o que e como vem sendo investigado sobre a temática educação alimentar e nutricional e formação de hábitos alimentares na infância. Foram analisadas as produções científicas, publicadas no período de 2007 a 2017 com a utilização dos descritores “Educação Alimentar e Nutricional + Criança”. Compuseram o corpus da pesquisa 29 artigos, dos quais emergiram quatro categorias de análise. A compreensão das categorias foi apoiada no referencial histórico cultural, com base em Vigotsky (2007 e 2008). A conformação dos hábitos alimentares e de características do estilo de vida se iniciam na infância, são consolidadas na adolescência e frequentemente, mantidas na idade adulta. Os artigos analisados mostram que existem estudos sobre Educação Alimentar e Nutricional na Infância, mas na maioria das vezes não passam de atividades pontuais, geralmente sem continuidade.
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR SUFI AL-GHAZALI DAN PERGESERANNYA
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: September 2018

Abstract: In the history of tafsir development, there is a certain moment where there are some interactions between the Qur'an and the Sufis. Epistemologically, Sufis have a peculiar characteristic in looking at the Qur'an. The Sufis thaught that the Qur'an has two dimensions, esoteric and exoteric. These two sides are one unity and can not be separated. Al-Ghazali has its own nomenclature to refer to the ẓahir and inner sides of the Qur'an. The esoteric and exoteric dimensions of the Qur'an in the term al-Ghazali are called ‘ilm sadf and ‘ilm lubāb. The process of crossing from sadf to lubāb involves the role of imagination in istiqāmah suluk ilā Allāh. Viewed from the perspective of epidemiological division ala Abid al-Jabiri, the epistemology of al-Ghazali include the category of 'irfānī. But in its development al-Ghazali made a dialectic between the epistemology 'irfānī and bayānī at the same time, although the nuances of irfānī still remain dominant. This research attempts to answer the problem of how the process of the dialectic epistemology of al-Ghazali and how its building style. This kind of dialectic is one of al-Ghazali effort to built the harmonization between sadf science which tends to bayānī with the science of lubāb which tend to irfānī. Clearly, the process of this dialectic can be seen in one of his works Ihyā’ 'Ulūm al-Dīn. This research uses the qualitative method and includes library research. Abstrak:  Dalam sejarah perkembangan tafsir, ada momen tertentu saat terjadi interaksi antara al-Qur’an dan kaum Sufi. Secara epistemologis, para Sufi me­miliki ciri khas dalam memandang al-Qur’an. Kaum Sufi memandang bahwa Qur'an memiliki dua dimensi, esoterik dan eksoteris. Dua dimensi ini merupakan satu kesatuan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Al-Ghazali memiliki nomenklatur tersendiri untuk menyebut sisi ẓahir dan baṭin al-Qur’an. Dimensi esoterik dan eksoterik al-Qur’an dalam istilah al-Ghazali disebut dengan ‘ilm sadf dan ‘ilm lubab. Proses penyebrangan dari sadf ke lubāb ini melibatkan peran khayal dengan cara istiqāmah suluk ilā Allah. Ditinjau dari perspektif pembagian epistemologi ala Abid al-Jabiri, epistemologi al-Ghazali masuk dalam kategori ‘irfānī. Namun dalam perkembangannya al-Ghazali melakukan dialektika antara epistemologi ‘irfānī dan bayānī secara bersamaan, meskipun nuansa ‘irfānī masih tetap dominan. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjawab rumusan masalah bagaimana proses dialektika epistemologi al-Ghazali dan bagaimana corak bangunannya. Dialektika ini merupakan upaya harmonisasi al-Ghazali antara ilmu sadf yang cenderung bayānī dengan ilmu lubab yang mendekati ‘irfānī. Secara jelas proses dialektika ini dapat dilihat dalam salah satu karyanya Ihyā’ Ulūm al-Dīn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan merupakan penelitian kepustakaan.
Developing Students’ Participation in a Mixed-levels Reading Class via Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)
Authors: Sulistianingsih Endang
Published: September 2018

Students, especially at the higher level need to bean efficient reader to comprehend somereading materials from varied sources associated with their studies. Teaching reading becomes not easy sincethe teacher has to face the problems on how to teach reading in a mixed-levelsreading class? How can all students become motivated more active in reading class? How to promote cooperation among students with divergent competency and motivation? To address such questions, this paper demonstrates how reading skill, participation, and cooperation can be developed through CIRC. The research was a case study where quantitative and qualitative were mixed. The participants of this research were students of communication studies at the Social and Political Science Faculty in higher education. Eighteen students participated in this research. The participant was took using saturation sampling. The data was collected through observation to determine students’ participation and reading comprehension test to measure the student’s reading comprehension level.CIRCwas used as teaching instruction during the intervention.  Through this method, learning reading can increase good interrelationship, individual and group responsibility, interpersonal and small group skills.  Therefore, a presence of cooperation is established, comprehension can be developed, and passive students become active while active students become active. This research is useful for EFL teacher who teaches in a big class where his/her studentshave different levels of reading proficiency.
A Portrait of Learner’s Autonomy through Metacognitive Strategy on Reading Comprehension (A Study At SMP N 32 Semarang)
Authors: Septiningrum Kartika Ayu , Tarwiyah Siti , Mariam Siti
Published: September 2018

Autonomy or the capacity to take charge of one's learning is seen not only as a favorite topic but also as a crucial necessity in language learning.In Indonesia, the principle of autonomous learning was implemented in the 2013 curriculum. This research aimed to capture the practice of learner autonomy and its role in the learning process through a strategy which is used in practicing autonomy. Metacognitive strategy, which has a planning process, monitoring process, problem-solving process, and evaluating process is necessary for learners' autonomy. The qualitative research method was used in conducting this research. Three data collection methods were used in capturing the data in all metacognitive's process. Each method has its dimension in collecting the data. A participatory observation was used to collect data from activeness dimension. A student questionnaire was used to find out awareness dimension while an interview was used for responsibility and ability dimensions. The data from these data collection methods were triangulated. This research has the flexibility to be conducted in any institution where the 2013 curriculum is implemented. SMP N 32 Semarang was chosen for this reason. Based on the research, the learners are autonomous, they are active, aware, responsible, and able to take control of their learning in all metacognitive strategy processes (planning, monitoring, problem-solving and evaluating), yet they are not completely free from teacher’s guidance, they need it in making a plan, monitoring, solving problem, and evaluating their learning.
Effects of Arthroscopic Coracohumeral Ligament Release on Range of Motion for Patients with Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Ando Akira , Kanazawa Kenji , Koide Masashi , Hamada Junichiro , Yabe Yutaka , Yoshida Shinichiro , Itoi Eiji
Published: September 2018

Background:

A thickened coracohumeral ligament is a highly specific manifestation of, and primary restraint against external rotation in frozen shoulders.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of complete arthroscopic coracohumeral ligament release on range of motion in frozen shoulder.

Methods:

Fifty-two consecutive shoulders in 52 patients were treated between April 2015 and June 2016. To evaluate solely glenohumeral range of motion, the scapula was fixed by an examiner with one hand (without palpating scapular motion), and range of motion was measured using a goniometer. For the first step, arthroscopic pancapsular release was performed in a beach-chair position with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) complete coracohumeral ligament release. For the final step, the remaining coracohumeral ligaments in Group 2 were released and the ranges of motion were compared to those in Group 1.

Results:

The average age of the patients was significantly higher in Group 1, but there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to sex, affected side, preoperative range of motion, or American Shoulder and Elbow Society Score. Abduction, external rotation at adduction, and external and internal rotations at 90° of flexion in Group 1 were significantly greater than those in Group 2. After the additional release of the remaining coracohumeral ligaments in Group 2, all ranges of motion were significantly recovered and there was no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion:

Complete coracohumeral ligament release is a recommended intraoperative procedure for regaining full range of motion in frozen shoulders.
Bond Strength of Ceramic and Metal Orthodontic Brackets to Aged Resinbased Composite Restorations
Authors: Bona Alvaro Della , Kochenborger Ricardo , Di Guida Luís A.
Published: September 2018

Background: Dental resin composites undergo chemical and mechanical degradation.
Thus, the orthodontist should evaluate aged composite restoration surfaces to select the appropriate
protocol to successfully bond orthodontics accessories.

Objective: This study evaluated the shear bond strength (σ) of metal (M) and ceramic (C) brackets
bonded to aged resin-based composite restorations (ACR) after different surface treatments.

Methods: ACR specimens (N=160) were fabricated and divided into 8 experimental groups (n=20)
as follows: Mo (control)- M bonded to ACR; MA- M bonded to ACR after acid etching using 38%
phosphoric acid for 20 s (A); MB- M bonded to ACR after surface roughing using a twelve-bladed
bur (B); MBA- M bonded to ACR after B and A; Co (control)- C bonded to ACR; CA- C bonded to
ACR after A; CB- C bonded to ACR after B; CBA- C bonded to ACR after B and A. All specimens
were stored for 24h before σ testing. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and
Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). Fracture surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode.

Results: The surface treatments (A, B and BA) produced similar σ values (p>0.05) to ACR when
using the same bracket type. M bracket showed greater σ than C bracket (p<0.05), probably because
of different mechanical retention inherent from bracket type. Inhomogeneous stress distribution
generated complex failures.

Conclusion: Considering the needs of an orthodontic treatment and the surface treatments evaluated,
sufficient bond strength was produced to ACR, irrespective of bracket type.
A Comparative Study on the effect of Padabhyanga with Tila Taila and Nimba Taila in management of Vipadika w.s.r. to Padasputana
Authors: Karki Dr. Asha , Yalagond Dr.Mallikarjun S. , Illal Dr.Venkatesh
Published: September 2018

Background: Vipadika affects irrespective of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The causes may be excessive/barefoot walking, contact with dust, detergents and improper food habits. Here control over Vatadosha is important which can be achieved through Padabhyanga. Materials and Methods: It was a comparative clinical study of 30 patients, who were selected by random sampling from the OPD of S.M.V.V.S, R.K.M Ayurveda Medical College, Vijayapura, and categorized into 2 groups as 'A' and 'B', each consisting of 15 patients and were advised Tila Taila and Nimba Taila Padabhyanga for 30 days respectively. Follow up was advised on 45th day of treatment. Severities of the symptoms were assessed before, after treatment and after follow up. Results: In group-A 20% of patients showed complete relief and in group-B 0% have showed complete relief. Conclusion: Tila Taila is having Sara, Sukshma Guna and pacifies Vatakapha Dosha. Nimba Taila is Kushtagna, Krimigna. Both Tailas help in reducing Rukshata and Sputana. Vipadika can be correlated with cracked heels. The results were assessed statistically by Pooled chi square test. It was concluded that group-A patients were significantly better than group-B after follow up. Hence Tila Taila Padabhyanga is beneficial in Vipadika.
A Comparative Pharmacognostical Study of Wild and Cultivate Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
Authors: Mishra Dr. Shiromani , Sharma Prof. M. C.
Published: September 2018

Background: Amalaki is traditionally used drug in Ayurveda. Fruits of Amalaki is useful for cure of many disorders. On the basis of Desha Bheda (Habitat) two types of Amalaki are available viz., Gramya Phala (Cultivated) and Vanya Phala (Wild). cultivated variety is more often used as it offers gain to the manufacturers in terms of the amount of pulp available. To differentiate wild and cultivated variety through macroscopic, microscopic and powder microscopy this study was carried out. Objective: Present study was aimed to record comparative macroscopic, microscopic and powder microscopy of wild and cultivated varieties of Indian gooseberry. Methods: Authenticated matured fruits of both varieties were collected and macroscopic and microscopic characters were documented. Result: Fruit of wild variety is smaller and strong astringent than cultivated. In transverse section wild variety shows thick cuticle, lesser engaged area of mesocarp, compactly arranged cells and more concentration of fibres, sclereids and silica crystals than cultivated. Conclusion: Fruit of both varieties differ in size, colour and taste. In transverse section both varieties have same cells with some differentiating characters.
A Review on Guggulu Kalpana (Commiphora Wightii) in Ayurveda
Authors: Shiyal Dr. Anuprita N. , Chikurte Dr. Sharada
Published: September 2018

Bhaishajya Kalpana deals with the Basic Ayurvedic pharmaceutics like Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana and other secondary formulations like Churna, Vati, Guggulu, Sneha and Sandhana Kalpana, among all these Kalpanas now a days Guggulu Kalpana is widely used. It is used not only as medicine but also in religious rituals. The earliest reference of Guggulu is found in Atharvaveda. Guggulu is exudate (Niryasa) of Commiphora wightii (Arn. Bhandari). It is translucent, solid, sticky adhesive, oilo-gum-resine. Guggulu is used as a binding agent and also as a main ingredient in various formulations. When Vati is prepared with Guggulu; known as Guggulu Vati Kalpana. In classical text, there is no separate chapter for Guggulu Kalpana. In Sharangadhara Samhita, Guggulu Kalpana is described under Vati Kalpana. A screening through Brihattrayee revealed that, Guggulu was preferred to be dispensed internally in the form of liquid or semi-liquid or semi-solids. Guggulu in Vati form entered in the field of therapeutics after 11th AD (Chakradutta), because of certain added advantages of solid dosage forms. Later on, Guggulu was widely used in Vati form other than remaining internal forms. Generally, two methods of preparation are found for Guggulu Kalpana. They are Sagni (Paka method) and Niragni (Kuttana method) method. In addition, Adityapaka method and Bhavana was found for preparation. Ayurveda advocates that Guggulu must be administered only after purification i.e. Shodhana. The current trend of Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals mainly shows the use of Guggulu in the form of Gutika or Vati.
Management of Vatarakta w.s.r. to Gout through Panchakarma
Authors: Arya Dr. Chandramohan , Gupta Dr.Sanjay
Published: September 2018

Vatarakta is more distressing and common metabolic disorder prevalent in present era. It is Vatapradhana Tridoshaja Vatavyadhi where Rakta is main Dushya. Vata is a predominant Dosha in Vatarakta, when it is excessively aggravated with vitiated Rakta is called Vatarakta. Vatarakta is correlated with gout in modern science. Gout is an abnormality of purine metabolism causes hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. Pain is predominant symptom of gout, which disturbs day-today life of the patients. The Panchakarma is not only a important component of Ayurvedic treatment but it is also forms the fundamental basis of Ayurveda therapy. The different procedures like Swedana, Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Sirovirechana, Raktamokshana focus on the purification which detoxifies the human body, i.e. the correction of the metabolism at molecular level. These detoxification procedures are essential components of the management in various metabolic disorders. So Panchakarma is an unique approach in the management of Vatarakta.
Materia medica of Bala Dwaya - A Literary Review
Authors: Rabb Dr. Umakant N.
Published: September 2018

Literary Dwaya means two, Bala Dwaya means two types of Bala i.e. Bala and Atibala. Bala means strength promoting, hence it bestows strength and is a tonic in general as well as rejuvenator for all kinds of Vataja disorders. The Bala is Sida cordifolia Linn. and Atibala is Abutilon indicum Linn. both belongs to Malvaceae family. Both are having Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka and Sheeta Virya. In Brimhaniya Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita it is enumerated that Vatyayani as Bala and Bhadroudini is Atibala. There are two varieties of Atibala one is big and the other is small. The big one is named as Abutilon hirtum where as the second one is named as Abutilon indicum Linn. which is smaller variety. In the Atharva Parishishta the Bala flowers can be used as Pushpabhisheka. The present study of Bala and Atibala reveals the pharmacological actions, their controversies, therapeutic application, etc. according to different Ayurvedic lexicons.
A Case Study on Dushta Vrana caused due to Vatarakta
Authors: Venkatesh Dr. Harshitha , Venkatesh Dr. Prasanna , Hegde Dr. Niranjan , . Dr. Shilpa
Published: September 2018

In the present era Joint disorders are the prevailing issue and Vatarakta is one among them which is caused due to improper diet and erratic lifestyle and if the condition progresses it leads to many complications, here is one such case of complications of Uthana Vatarakta. A female patient aged 46 years presented with complaint of Ulcer in the lower 1/3rd of the left leg since 5 years, associated with pain, discharge, swelling and discolouration of the skin. Also foul smelling and slough was observed. Patient was treated with a course of mild Virechana and local treatment of Abhyanga and Dhara, Lepa with Madhu, Nimba and Tila which has a better Shodhana and Ropana action was applied, which is explained by Acharya Sushruta under 60 Upakramas for the management of Vrana. The associated symptoms of pain, slough, foul smelling, swelling were relieved and the wound was close to healing without any complications in 60 days of treatment.
A Critical understanding of Cone Rod Dystrophy (CRD) and its Ayurvedic interventions - A Case Report
Authors: HT Dr. Vidyashree , S. Dr. Rathi
Published: September 2018

CRDs are Inherited Retinal Dystrophies that belong to the group of Pigmentary Retinopathies (Prevalence 1/40000). Is characterized by Primary Cone involvement or sometimes by concomitant loss of both Cones and Rods that explains the predominant symptoms of CRDs; Decreased Visual Acuity, Colour Vision Defects, Photophobia and Decreased Central Vision, later followed by progressive loss in Peripheral Vision and Night Blindness. Currently, there is no therapy that stops the progression of the disease or restores the vision and the visual prognosis is poor. The only Intervention of CRDs in contemporary science is using Low Vision Aids and Genetic Counselling. Hence Multidisciplinary Approach from Ayurvedic science plays a vital role in the restoration of vision. Though there is No direct reference available in our classical Ayurveda text, the different stages of CRD can be simulated with the conditions which are mentioned in Dristigatagata Roga like, Pittavidagdha Dristi, Hrsvaja, Dhumadarshi and Vataja Timira. Patient is thoroughly examined based on Roga and Rogi Bala and advocated multidisciplinary interventions. This helped this patient in improving the vision and as a prophylactic in arresting or delaying the progression of disease.