bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Overview of Ship Structures under Induced Wave Loads
Authors: Corigliano Pasqualino , Frisone Federico , Chianese Claudia , Altosole Marco , Piscopo Vincenzo , Scamardella Antonio
Published: September 2024

Fatigue damage represents a key failure mode in ship structures. Such damage typically begins at vulnerable points in the structure, like welded joints, stress concentration areas, and cracks. Cyclic loading, particularly from waves, encountered by ships during their operational life is a major cause of fatigue damage, which is the main focus of this study. There are various methods to address different sea state conditions, though they can sometimes be approximate. This paper aims to review the most commonly used methods to highlight their strengths and weaknesses and to provide essential background knowledge for developing reliable theoretical and numerical models for predicting the fatigue life of ship structures exposed to various sea states over their lifetime. The primary theoretical approaches discussed include energy spectral methods in both time and frequency domains, which are used to quantify wave-related energy and amplitude characteristics and evaluate wave loads for predicting the fatigue life of structures and welded joints. The discussion also covers the determination of cyclic stress in specific structural details of the hull girder and welded joints to identify the relevant maximum stress range for subsequent fatigue studies conducted using finite element analysis.
Influence of Pre-Operative Estimation of Draf III Expected Diameter on Surgical Outcome
Authors: Alicandri-Ciufelli Matteo , Cantaffa Carla , Basso Margherita , Colacurcio Vito , Marchioni Daniele , Lucidi Daniela
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The DRAF III procedure is indicated for the treatment of benign and selected malignant frontal sinus pathology. Several attempts have been made to find an intra or pre-operative measurement that was predictive of the feasibility of this operation and its success. Among those, the frontal sinus outflow tract anteroposterior diameter (FOAP) appears to be the one with the highest applicability in clinical practice, since it is easy to measure on pre-operative CT scan. The objective of the study is to evaluate whether the minimum and maximum frontal sinus outflow anteroposterior diameters (FOAP min and FOAP max) are associated with the risk of failure and consequently with the need for surgical revision. Secondly, we ought to evaluate whether the angle between the glabella and the nasion on the sagittal plane could influence surgical outcome. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study on patients who underwent DRAF III for benign pathologies at a tertiary Italian referral center from January 2000 to July 2022. FOAP min and FOAP max were measured on the mid-sagittal sections of a pre-operative CT scan. The glabella–nasion angle (G-N angle) was calculated on the same sagittal section. These measurements were compared between patients who experienced a recurrence and those who did not. If a post-operative CT scan was available, the obtained anteroposterior diameter (OD) of the frontal sinus neo-ostium was also measured on the same section. A correlation analysis was performed between the three pre-operative radiologic parameters and OD. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included in the study. Six patients experienced restenosis requiring surgical revision. The median FOAP max resulted significantly higher in patients who did not experience recurrence (median: 14.8 mm, IQR: 3.84) than in patients who experienced a recurrence (median: 11.9 mm, IQR: 1.14) (p = 0.04). The FOAP max also showed a good positive correlation with OD (p = 0.0001; r = 0.7). The correlation between FOAP min and OD was not statistically significant, nor was a correlation found between FOAP min and recurrence risk. The G-N angle was not significantly different in patients who experienced recurrence and those who did not, nor did it show a correlation with OD. Discussion: The FOAP max might be a valid pre-operative radiologic parameter to guide a surgeon’s approach to a DRAF III procedure, as it is easy to measure, shows a good correlation with OD, and seems to influence the risk of recurrence.
Simulation and Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Soil Erosion in the Source Region of the Yellow River Using Machine Learning Method
Authors: Su Jinxi , Tang Rong , Lin Huilong
Published: September 2024

The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR), known as the “Chinese Water Tower”, is currently grappling with severe soil erosion, which jeopardizes the sustainability of its alpine grasslands. Large-scale soil erosion monitoring poses a significant challenge, complicating global efforts to study soil erosion and land cover changes. Moreover, conventional methods for assessing soil erosion do not adequately address the variety of erosion types present in the SRYR. Given these challenges, the objectives of this study were to develop a suitable assessment and prediction model for soil erosion tailored to the SRYR’s needs. By leveraging soil erosion data measured by 137Cs from 521 locations and employing the random forest (RF) algorithm, a new soil erosion model was formulated. Key findings include that: (1) The RF soil erosion model significantly outperformed the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model, achieving an R2 of 0.52 and an RMSE of 5.88. (2) The RF model indicated that from 2001 to 2020, the SRYR experienced an average annual soil erosion modulus (SEM) of 19.32 t·ha−1·y−1 with an annual total erosion in the SRYR of 225.18 × 106 t·y−1. Spatial analysis revealed that 78.64% of the region suffered low erosion, with erosion intensity declining from northwest to southeast. (3) The annual SEM in the SRYR demonstrated a downward trend from 2001 to 2020, with 83.43% of the study area showing improvement. Based on these findings, measures for soil erosion prevention and control in the SRYR were proposed. Future studies should refine the temporal analysis to better understand the influence of extreme climate events on soil erosion, while leveraging high-resolution data to enhance model accuracy. Insights into the drivers of soil erosion in the SRYR will support more effective policy development.
Defining and Verifying New Local Climate Zones with Three-Dimensional Built Environments and Urban Metabolism
Authors: Park Siyeon , Lee Sugie , Oh Kyushik
Published: September 2024

The urban heat island (UHI) effect, where the temperature in an urban area is higher than in the surrounding rural areas, is becoming a major concern. The concept of a Local Climate Zone (LCZ) system was devised to provide an objective framework for UHI research, which allows for a microscale definition of the UHI effect within urban areas by considering ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as a continuum versus a dichotomy. However, most LCZ types are classified only by surface structure and coverings, which seem irrelevant to climatological and microscale concepts. In addition, microclimate is influenced by urban metabolism related to human activities as well as structural effects, but the LCZ-classification system does not incorporate these functional concepts. Therefore, this study proposes a novel urban-classification system that addresses the limitations of the LCZ concept by quantifying structural and functional elements of the city at the pedestrian level using S-DoT sensors and semantic segmentation techniques. This study holds significance as it suggests a New-LCZ (N-LCZ) system to support the classification framework of highly valid urban types and follow-up studies related to the UHI. Moreover, the N-LCZ offers a regional urban-planning strategy for sustainable development through a more valid classification system.
Multi-Scale Analysis of Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs/Synergies in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Chen Yongqi , Liu Wei , Zhao Fen , Zhao Qing , Xu Zhiwei , Asiedu Kumi Michael
Published: September 2024

The transformation of ecosystem structure leads to changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and their relationship. However, most research in this area has focused on particular scales and timeframes, often overlooking the significance of spatial and temporal variations. Therefore, we used the equivalent value method to evaluate seven typical ESs in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) between 2000 and 2020: food production (FP), water supply (WS), climate regulation (CR), environmental purification (EP), soil conservation (SC), biodiversity maintenance (BM), and aesthetic landscape (AL). We further employed the Spearman correlation coefficient and bivariate Moran’s I to evaluate the relationship of ESs and their spatial heterogeneity at grid, township, county and city scales. Our results show that (1) All ESs except AL exhibited a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2020, resulting in a total increase in ecosystem service (ES) value of RMB 650.63 billion. (2) Approximately 70% of the ES pairs demonstrated a synergistic relationship, with the exception of FP and other ESs, which mainly showed a trade-off. (3) With the scale increased from grid to city level, the degree of trade-off between FP and other ESs strengthened at different levels, while the synergy degree of among other ESs gradually decreased. (4) The relationship between ESs demonstrated strong spatial heterogeneity, with FP and other ESs exhibiting trade-offs primarily in the northern and southern YRD, while other ES pairs exhibited mostly synergy in these regions. This study provides scientific information for governments to optimize land use distribution and improve ESs.
Fractionated CO2 Laser in Combination with Topical Tacrolimus for Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Case Series Study
Authors: Rizzetto Giulio , De Simoni Edoardo , Gioacchini Helena , Molinelli Elisa , Offidani Annamaria , Simonetti Oriana
Published: September 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring autoimmune disease requiring long-term treatments. Topical, intralesional or systemic corticosteroids are the first option. However, considering the risk of skin atrophy and the possible lack of clinical response, new treatment options are urgently needed. A fractional carbon dioxide laser (FCL) has been proven to be effective alone or in combination with other drugs. However, no study has ever evaluated the association between FCL and topical tacrolimus. We report three cases of AA resistant to corticosteroids for at least 12 months, treated with topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and FCL on some patches. After 16 weeks from the beginning of treatment, all patients showed improvement in clinical and trichoscopic parameters in the areas treated in combination. FCL and tacrolimus may represent a new therapeutic option, but further studies are needed for confirmation.
Clinical Outcomes and Safety Assessment of Flexible Ureteroscopy as an Outpatient Procedure: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Mitroi George F. , Drăgoescu Petru Octavian , Mitroi Mihaela Roxana , Mitroi George G. , Dudan Iulia Bianca , Popescu Tudor Cristian Timotei , Nedelcuță Cristian Mihai , Drocaș Andrei Ioan
Published: September 2024

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a significant global health issue in urology, requiring effective management strategies. The management of nephrolithiasis through flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is increasingly gaining acceptance; however, it is associated with significant costs related to consumables, pharmacotherapy, specialized equipment, and general anesthesia (GA). Limited resources and the need to optimize the cost effectiveness ratio have driven the shift to day-case procedures, offering financial and operational benefits and improving patient satisfaction. This outpatient care approach addresses clinical and economic challenges. For same-day discharge, spinal anesthesia (SA) is essential for fURS, as GA does not permit safe immediate discharge. This retrospective study investigates the feasibility of same-day discharge following fURS procedures performed under SA. Analyzing data from 401 patients who underwent 414 fURS procedures between January 2020 and December 2023, this study aims to evaluate whether same-day discharge is a viable option compared to conventional fURS under GA. The primary objectives are to assess the outcomes, including efficacy, stone-free rate (SFR), pain management, and complication rates, in the context of same-day discharge. Additionally, this study seeks to identify patient and kidney stone characteristics that may influence the suitability of one-day fURS under SA. Outcomes will be measured using the Dindo–Clavien (D-C) classification and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores post-procedure.
Cancer Patient-Derived Cell-Based Models: Applications and Challenges in Functional Precision Medicine
Authors: Dinić Jelena , Jovanović Stojanov Sofija , Dragoj Miodrag , Grozdanić Marija , Podolski-Renić Ana , Pešić Milica
Published: September 2024

The field of oncology has witnessed remarkable progress in personalized cancer therapy. Functional precision medicine has emerged as a promising avenue for achieving superior treatment outcomes by integrating omics profiling and sensitivity testing of patient-derived cancer cells. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of cancer-directed drugs, resistance mechanisms, and the role of functional precision medicine platforms in revolutionizing individualized treatment strategies. Using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and advanced functional assays has significantly improved our understanding of tumor behavior and drug response. This progress will lead to identifying more effective treatments for more patients. Considering the limited eligibility of patients based on a genome-targeted approach for receiving targeted therapy, functional precision medicine provides unprecedented opportunities for customizing medical interventions according to individual patient traits and individual drug responses. This review delineates the current landscape, explores limitations, and presents future perspectives to inspire ongoing advancements in functional precision medicine for personalized cancer therapy.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flexural Behavior of Reinforced-Concrete Beams Utilizing Waste Andesite Dust
Authors: Korkut Fuat , Karalar Memduh , Motameni Ali , Althaqafi Essam , Özdöner Nebi , Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp
Published: September 2024

During the process of cutting andesite stones, the waste mud is kept in powder form once fully dried. It is difficult to store the waste that is produced as a consequence of the extensive utilization area and consumption of andesite. Thus, eliminating waste storage challenges and incorporating these wastes into the economy are crucial. For this reason, this study examined the effects of waste andesite dust (WAD) on the flexural behavior of reinforced-concrete beams (RCBs) using experimental testing and 3D finite-element modeling (FEM) via ANSYS. Thus, different rates of WAD up to 40% were used to investigate the influence of the WAD rate on the fracture and bending behavior of RCBs. While the RCB with 10% WAD had a slightly lower load-bearing and ductility capacities, ductility capacities significantly drop after 10% WAD. At 40% WAD, both the load-bearing capacity and ductility significantly reduced. Based on the experimental findings, using 10% WAD as a replacement for cement is a reasonable choice to obtain eco-friendly concrete. Moreover, the outcomes of 3D FEM were also compared with those of experiments conducted using ANSYS v19 software. The displacement values between the test and FEM findings are quite similar.
Predicting Yield Strength and Plastic Elongation in Body-Centered Cubic High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Ibarra Hoyos Diego , Simmons Quentin , Poon Joseph
Published: September 2024

We employ machine learning (ML) to predict the yield stress and plastic strain of body-centered cubic (BCC) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the compression test. Our machine learning model leverages currently available databases of BCC and BCC+B2 entropy alloys, using feature engineering to capture electronic factors, atomic ordering from mixing enthalpy, and the D parameter related to stacking fault energy. The model achieves low Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE). Utilizing Random Forest Regression (RFR) and Genetic Algorithms for feature selection, our model excels in both predictive accuracy and interpretability. Rigorous 10-fold cross-validation ensures robust generalization. Our discussion delves into feature importance, highlighting key predictors and their impact on mechanical properties. This work provides an important step toward designing high-performance structural high-entropy alloys, providing a powerful tool for predicting mechanical properties and identifying new alloys with superior strength and ductility.
In Situ Analysis of Binder Degradation during Catalyst-Accelerated Stress Test of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Yoo Donggeun , Park Sujung , Oh Sohyeong , Kim Minsoo P. , Park Kwonpil
Published: September 2024

High-oxygen-permeability ionomers (HOPIs) are being actively developed to enhance the performance and durability of high-power polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). While methods for evaluating binder performance are well-established, techniques for assessing binder durability and measuring its degradation in situ during the AST process remain limited. This study examines the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and Warburg-like response (WLR) methods as in situ analysis techniques during the catalyst-accelerated stress test (AST) process. We conducted catalyst-ASTs (0.6–0.95 V cycling) for 20,000 cycles, monitoring changes using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Contrary to expectations, during the catalyst-AST, the ion transport resistance of the binder decreased, indicating no binder degradation. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis revealed that the degradation rate of the catalyst and the support was relatively higher than that of the binder, leading to a reduction in catalyst layer thickness and improved binder network formation. By applying the DRT method during the catalyst-AST process, we were able to measure the increase in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) resistance and the decrease in proton transport resistance in situ. This allowed for the real-time detection of the reduction in catalyst layer thickness and improvements in ionomer networks due to catalyst and support degradation. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay between catalyst degradation and binder performance, contributing to the development of more durable PEMFC components.
Protective Coatings Based on the Organosilicon Derivatives of Fatty Acids Obtained by the Thiol-Ene Click Reaction
Authors: Szubert Karol , Liberski Albert
Published: September 2024

This article describes the synthesis of a hydrophobic protective coating for concrete based on a silane derivative of fatty acids. The coating was obtained through a thiol-ene click addition reaction using methyl oleate and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of the photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). This reaction proved to be more efficient compared with other tested (photo)initiators, considering the double bond conversion of oleate. The coating was applied to concrete using two methods: immersion and brushing. Both methods exhibited similar consumption of methyl oleate-based silane (UVMeS) at approximately 20 g/m2. The hydrophobic properties of the coatings were evaluated based on the contact angle, which for the modified surfaces was above 93°, indicating their hydrophobic nature. The penetration depth of the silane solution into the concrete was also studied; it was 5–7 mm for the immersion method and 3–5 mm for the brushing method. The addition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to the silane solution slightly improved the barrier properties of the coating.
Correlating Histopathological Microscopic Images of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with Clinical Typology Using Graph Theory and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Martínez Carlos , Teijeira Susana , Domínguez Patricia , Campanioni Silvia , Busto Laura , González-Nóvoa José A. , Alonso Jacobo , Poveda Eva , San Millán Beatriz , Veiga César
Published: September 2024

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, and fatal brain disorder caused by abnormal proteins called prions. This research introduces a novel approach combining AI and graph theory to analyze histopathological microscopic images of brain tissues affected by CJD. The detection and quantification of spongiosis, characterized by the presence of vacuoles in the brain tissue, plays a crucial role in aiding the accurate diagnosis of CJD. The proposed methodology employs image processing techniques to identify these pathological features in high-resolution medical images. By developing an automatic pipeline for the detection of spongiosis, we aim to overcome some limitations of manual feature extraction. The results demonstrate that our method correctly identifies and characterize spongiosis and allows the extraction of features that will help to better understand the spongiosis patterns in different CJD patients.
Survey on Roman {2}-Domination
Authors: Almulhim Ahlam , Al Subaiei Bana , Mondal Saiful Rahman
Published: September 2024

The notion of Roman {2}-domination was introduced in 2016 as a variant of Roman domination, a concept inspired by a defending strategy used by the emperor Constantine (272–337 AD) to protect the Roman Empire. Since then, a considerable number of papers on Roman {2}-domination and its variants have been published. In this paper, we survey published results on Roman {2}-domination as well as the main findings on Roman {2}-domination variants found in the literature. A list of open problems related to this notion and its variants are also given.
A Novel Brillouin and Langevin Functions Dynamic Model for Two Conflicting Social Groups: Study of R&D Processes
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2024

We consider a two-group social conflict under the corporates’ research and development (R&D) business processes. Conflict participants are divided into two groups depending on their attitude to new ideas, technologies, and behavioral style for R&D creative problems—innovators and adapters. We reveal the contradiction that arises between the need to include both types of employees in one project team and their objectively antagonistic positions regarding the methods and approaches to R&D processes. The proposed research methodology is based on a modern post-non-classical paradigm formed on the principles of coherence, interdisciplinarity, openness, and nonlinearity, as well as a sociophysical approach to the social conflicts modeling. We use the general theories of magnetism, paramagnetism, and functions of P. Langevin and L. Brillouin to describe the dynamics of group participants’ preferences regarding the style of conflict behavior. The analogy of paramagnetism, consisting in the orienting effect of the magnetic field, is used to describe social groups interactions that have not only their own interests, but are also influenced by the opinions of opposite social groups. A two-dimensional, four-parameter map represents the dynamics of group conflict. Modeling results show that regardless of the initial states and with certain parameters of intra-group and intergroup interactions, the trajectories eventually converge to an attractor (limit cycle) in a two-dimensional space. No non-periodic or chaotic modes are identified in the two-group conflict, which determines the controllability of the described conflict. The results of the simulation experiments are used as decision support and contradictions resolution aimed at forming the required modes of the corporates’ research and development business processes and ensuring the group participants’ cohesion and depolarization. The results of testing the model at an industrial enterprise are presented.
Enhanced Parameter Estimation of DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE) Using Differential Evolution
Authors: Ajmal Omer , Mumtaz Shahzad , Arshad Humaira , Soomro Abdullah , Hussain Tariq , Attar Razaz Waheeb , Alhomoud Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The task of finding natural groupings within a dataset exploiting proximity of samples is known as clustering, an unsupervised learning approach. Density-based clustering algorithms, which identify arbitrarily shaped clusters using spatial dimensions and neighbourhood aspects, are sensitive to the selection of parameters. For instance, DENsity CLUstEring (DENCLUE)—a density-based clustering algorithm—requires a trial-and-error approach to find suitable parameters for optimal clusters. Earlier attempts to automate the parameter estimation of DENCLUE have been highly dependent either on the choice of prior data distribution (which could vary across datasets) or by fixing one parameter (which might not be optimal) and learning other parameters. This article addresses this challenge by learning the parameters of DENCLUE through the differential evolution optimisation technique without prior data distribution assumptions. Experimental evaluation of the proposed approach demonstrated consistent performance across datasets (synthetic and real datasets) containing clusters of arbitrary shapes. The clustering performance was evaluated using clustering validation metrics (e.g., Silhouette Score, Davies–Bouldin Index and Adjusted Rand Index) as well as qualitative visual analysis when compared with other density-based clustering algorithms, such as DPC, which is based on weighted local density sequences and nearest neighbour assignments (DPCSA) and Variable KDE-based DENCLUE (VDENCLUE).
Singularity, Observability, and Independence: Unveiling Lorenz’s Cryptographic Potential
Authors: Dinu Alexandru
Published: September 2024

The key findings of this study include a detailed examination of the Lorenz system’s observability, revealing that it maintains high observability compared to other chaotic systems, thus supporting its potential use in cryptographic applications. We also investigated the singularity manifolds, identifying regions where observability might be compromised, but overall demonstrating that the system remains reliable across various states. Additionally, statistical tests confirm that the Lorenz system exhibits strong statistical independence in its outputs, further validating its suitability for encryption purposes. These findings collectively underscore the Lorenz system’s potential to enhance cryptographic security and contribute significantly to the field of secure communications. By providing a thorough analysis of its key properties, this study positions the Lorenz system as a promising candidate for advanced encryption technologies.
Comparative Prevalence of Ineffective Esophageal Motility: Impact of Chicago v4.0 vs. v3.0 Criteria
Authors: Surdea-Blaga Teodora , Popa Stefan-Lucian , Sabo Cristina Maria , Fărcaş Radu Alexandru , David Liliana , Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian , Grad Simona , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: The threshold for ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) diagnosis was changed in Chicago v4.0. Our aim was to determine IEM prevalence using the new criteria and the differences between patients with definite IEM versus “inconclusive diagnosis”. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively selected IEM and fragmented peristalsis (FP) patients from the high-resolution esophageal manometries (HREMs) database. Clinical, demographic data and manometric parameters were recorded. Results: Of 348 HREMs analyzed using Chicago v3.0, 12.3% of patients had IEM and 0.86% had FP. Using Chicago v4.0, 8.9% of patients had IEM (IEM-4 group). We compared them with the remaining 16 with an inconclusive diagnosis of IEM (borderline group). Dysphagia (77% vs. 44%, Z-test = 2.3, p = 0.02) and weight loss were more commonly observed in IEM-4 compared to the borderline group. The reflux symptoms were more prevalent in the borderline group (87.5% vs. 70.9%, p = 0.2). Type 2 or 3 esophagogastric junction morphology was more prevalent in the borderline group (81.2%) vs. 64.5% in IEM-4 (p = 0.23). Distal contractile integral (DCI) was lower in IEM-4 vs. the borderline group, and resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and mean integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) were similar. The number of ineffective swallows and failed swallows was higher in IEM-4 compared to the borderline group. Conclusions: Using Chicago v4.0, less than 10% of patients had a definite diagnosis of IEM. The dominant symptom was dysphagia. Only DCI and the number of failed and inefficient swallows were different between definite IEM patients and borderline cases.
Anxiety and Depression in Advanced and Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients—Correlations with Performance Status and Type of Treatment
Authors: Rahnea-Nita Roxana-Andreea , Rebegea Laura-Florentina , Dumitru Mihaela , Mitrica Radu-Iulian , Nechifor Alexandru , Firescu Dorel , Maier Adrian-Cornel , Constantin Georgiana Bianca , Grigorean Valentin-Titus , Rahnea-Nita Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: The treatment of advanced and metastatic lung cancer is multimodal, and it is coordinated by a multidisciplinary team. Anxiety and depression occur frequently in patients with lung cancer, creating considerable discomfort in therapeutic management. At the same time, these psychoemotional symptoms affect the patients’ quality of life. Objective: This research seeks to identify correlations both between anxiety and depression and the patients’ performance statuses, as well as between anxiety and depression and the type of treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), immunotherapy and palliative care. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated 105 patients with lung cancer from two oncologic centers. Patients were assessed for anxiety and depression using the questionnaire Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS is a self-report rating scale of 14 items. It measures anxiety and depression, and has two subscales. There are seven items for each subscale. There are 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3. For each subscale, the score is the sum of the seven items, ranging from 0 to 21. Results: The most powerful correlation with statistical significance was observed between the IT type of treatment (immunotherapy) and the normal level of anxiety, PC = 0.82 (p < 0.001) as well as the normal level of depression. Palliative treatment was correlated with anxiety and depression, both borderline and abnormal. For ECOG 3–4 performance status and abnormal anxiety, respectively, abnormal depression was significantly associated. Also, continuous hospitalization was associated with abnormal anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Early assessments of anxiety and depression are necessary in patients with advanced and metastatic lung cancer, with unfavorable performance status, who have been admitted to continuous hospitalization, and who require palliative care.
High-Definition 4K-3D Exoscope in Spine Surgery: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Innocenti Niccolò , Corradino Nicoletta , Restelli Francesco , Cojazzi Vittoria Maria Luisa , Mazzapicchi Elio , Schiariti Marco , Levi Vincenzo , Costa Francesco
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Binocular optical microscopy (OM) paved the way for a new era in brain and spine neurosurgery fields with the introduction of microsurgery. Despite its enormous contribution to modern neurosurgery, OM presents some intrinsic limitations that surgeons need to face during procedures such as prolonged non-ergonomic positions and decreased vision quality to the assistant eyepiece. To overcome these limitations, in recent years, new operative tools have been introduced, such as exoscopes. Here, we present our experience with exoscopes in spine surgery. Materials and Methods: In the period between January 2022 and December 2023, we gradually implemented the use of a high-definition 4K-3D exoscope (ORBEYETM, Olympus, Japan) in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Results: A total of 243 patients underwent spine surgery with exoscope magnification (47 intradural tumors, 99 lumbar degenerative cases, 79 cervical degenerative cases, 5 dorsal calcified disk herniations, 4 dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), and 9 others). We compared this cohort with a similar cohort of patients operated in the same period using OM based on different endpoints: operating time, complication rate, and infection rate. We did not find any statistically significant difference in any of the endpoints between these two groups. Conclusions: In our experience, the exoscope provides a better resolution of spinal anatomy and higher quality real-time images of the surgery for the entire OR team and improves the ergonomic posture of both surgeons, without lengthening the operating time and without increasing the rate of adverse events. Prospective studies with a larger cohort of patients are needed to further validate these findings.
Causes of Hospitalization in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Takita Stefanie Yaemi , Sé Ana Beatriz Silva , Hoffmann Giovanna Michelin , Bunduki William , Carvalho Lidia Raquel , Fonseca Cátia Regina Branco
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder in the world. It is caused by the imbalance of the chromosomal constitution of 21 by free trisomy, translocation or mosaicism. Children and adolescents with Down syndrome have immune dysregulation and are more susceptible to infections. This study aims to evaluate hospitalizations of children and adolescents with DS in the pediatric ward of Botucatu Clinics Hospital (HCFMB) and to classify the population of children included in the study according to age, diagnosis, outpatient follow-up, length of stay and need for the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, it will be possible to improve care for these children, aiming to reduce these hospitalizations. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collected from the last nine years of hospitalization, from January 2013 to December 2021, from children and adolescents with DS in the pediatric ward, emergency room, and the ICU of HCFMB. Children hospitalized in this period in the pediatric ward and ICU, in the age range of 30 days to 15 years, were included in this study. The evaluation of comorbidities that culminated in the need for hospitalization in this population can be the focus of actions to improve the diagnoses and conducts for this population, which can prevent worsening illness and hospitalizations in future populations. Results: In this analysis, 80 children with DS were evaluated, with a total of 283 hospitalizations. The most prevalent age group was 1 to 3 years, and the main cause was due to problems in the respiratory system (99 cases). Among the respiratory causes, the main cause of hospitalization was due to pneumonia in 50% of cases, followed by acute respiratory failure in 14%. The average hospitalization time was 8 days, and in 49 hospitalizations, the children required the ICU. The main cause of hospitalization in the ICU was due to respiratory causes (36%), followed by cardiac malformations (14%). During the ICU hospitalizations, there were 13 deaths, and we observed a higher prevalence of heart conditions and, in some cases, positive urine cultures in these children. Conclusions: The Hospital serves as a reference for pediatric hospitalizations within its region and beyond, owing to its specialized capabilities. The main causes of hospitalization were those related to the respiratory system and cardiac malformations. Roughly one-third of the children required admission to the intensive care unit.
Modeling and Mitigating Gas Hazards during Potash Mine Closure
Authors: Kolesov Evgenii , Semin Mikhail , Starikov Aleksey , Grishin Evgenii
Published: September 2024

The planned closure of potash mines achieved through the injection of highly mineralized brines into the worked-out area is a complex process. A critical concern arises when brines obstruct the aerodynamic connections between the flooded mine’s airspace and the atmosphere, potentially leading to the formation of closed cavities where explosive gases can accumulate. To address this hazard, it is imperative to develop systems capable of extracting the gas–air mixture from the unflooded part of the worked-out area. Two distinct scenarios are examined: the first involves controlled flooding with saturated brines, while the second contemplates flooding resulting from a hypothetical breakthrough of supra-salt strata, leading to the ingress of groundwater into the worked-out area. A novel mathematical model is introduced to predict the evolution of gas–air mixture parameters in the unflooded part of the worked-out area. Utilizing this model, we assess the effectiveness of proposed measures designed to eliminate explosive gases from the worked-out area. Specifically, a pipeline system is proposed for the removal of gases. The findings from this study contribute valuable insights into ensuring the safe and efficient closure of potash mines, shedding light on potential risks and effective mitigation strategies for gas-related hazards during planned flooding.
Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Hematologic Malignancies: Innovations and Potential
Authors: Lica Jan Jakub , Pradhan Bhaskar , Safi Kawthar , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Hellmann Andrzej
Published: September 2024

In this review we explore innovative approaches in the treatment of hematologic cancers by combining various therapeutic modalities. We discuss the synergistic potential of combining inhibitors targeting different cellular pathways with immunotherapies, molecular therapies, and hormonal therapies. Examples include combining PI3K inhibitors with proteasome inhibitors, NF-κB inhibitors with immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors, and neddylation inhibitors with therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of small molecules and peptide inhibitors in hematologic cancer treatment. These multidimensional therapeutic combinations present promising strategies for enhancing treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance mechanisms. However, further clinical research is required to validate their effectiveness and safety profiles in hematologic cancer patients.
Effective Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewater Using Multi-Step Surfactant-Based Treatment: Assessment of Environmental and Health Impact
Authors: Akkam Yazan , Zaitoun Mohammad , Aljarrah Islam , Jaradat Aiman , Hmedat Ali , Alhmoud Hassan , Rababah Taha , Almajwal Ali , Al-Rayyan Numan
Published: September 2024

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) poses a significant environmental challenge and health concern in olive-producing countries, including Jordan. Surfactant micelles are frequently employed as solubilizing agents to enhance the water solubility of chemical compounds. This study aims to leverage the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles in a multi-step process to detoxify OMW for agricultural and industrial uses and reduce its impact. The OMW was treated in multiple steps: screening, coagulation with different chemicals, and distillation with different surfactants. The treatment steps were monitored using LC–MS, GC–MS, ICP–MS, chemical oxygen demand contents, and total phenolic compounds. The detoxification of OMW was evaluated using standard germination assays, MTT assays using tissue culture, and toxicity assays using fluorescence bacteria. Following the treatment, the seed growth rate improved significantly from 0% to 100%. The GC–MS revealed a substantial decrease in pollutants. The concentration of polyphenols was reduced to 2.5%, while the COD level decreased to 35%. The toxicity in bacteria was significantly reduced in a time-dependent manner, and the toxicity in human cells decreased by 95%. Additionally, between 50% and 95% of metals in OMW were removed. The multi-step SDS-based approach successfully detoxified the OMW and enhanced water quality, which would pave the road for its direct application in industry and agriculture.
A Theoretical Study of the Effects of Co-Doping Ions at K and Nb Sites on the Properties of KNbO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Apostolov Angel T. , Apostolova Iliana N. , Wesselinowa Julia M.
Published: September 2024

Using a microscopic model and Green’s function theory, we have investigated the co-doping effect on ferroelectric KNbO3 nanoparticles. Let us emphasize that while the doping with transition metal ions at the Nb site leads an increase in the ferromagnetism and a reduction the band gap, it also decreases the ferroelectricity. On the other hand, doping with La or Ba at the K site leads to enhanced polarization, but does not lead to the appearance of ferromagnetism and reduction in the band gap. Therefore, we have studied co-doping with La/Cr and La/Co ions, which leads to increasing the magnetization and polarization as well as to strongly decreasing the band gap energy. Thus, we observe a multiferroic material with room-temperature ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity as well as small band gap energy which can be tuned using various co-doping ions. There is a good agreement with the existing experimental data.
Resistance Training and Nutritional Supplementation in Older Adults with Sarcopenia after Acute Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Meza-Valderrama Delky , Sánchez-Rodríguez Dolores , Peña Yulibeth Curbelo , Ramírez-Fuentes Cindry , Muñoz-Redondo Elena , Morgado-Pérez Andrea , Ortíz-Agurto Norma , Finis-Gallardo Paola , Marco Ester
Published: September 2024

Resistance exercise and protein supplementation are recognized as effective treatment strategies for age-related sarcopenia; however, there are limited data on their feasibility, tolerability, and safety. The primary outcome of this study was feasibility, evaluated through the 15-item TELOS (Technological, Economics, Legal, Operational, and Scheduling) feasibility components and by recruitment, retention, and consent rates. Tolerability was measured by examining permanent treatment discontinuation, treatment interruption, exercise dose modification, early termination, rescheduling of missed sessions, losses to follow-up, attendance, and nutritional compliance. Safety was evaluated using the parameters provided by the European Medicines Agency, adapted for exercise interventions. Thirty-two subjects were recruited (average age 81.6 [SD 9.3] years). The TELOS components were assessed before the intervention; out of 15 questions relevant for successful implementation, 4 operational needs answers required specific actions to prevent potential barriers. The recruitment rate was 74%. Eleven patients (34.4%) had permanent treatment interruption (retention rate = 65.6%). Patients attended a mean of 23 (SD 12.0) exercise sessions, with a mean of 56 (SD 32.6) nutritional compliances. A total of 21 patients (65.6%) experienced adverse events unrelated to the intervention, while 7 patients (21.9%) presented adverse reactions to strength exercise. The main barriers to feasibility were operational components and recruitment challenges. Although the intervention was generally safe, the high rate of probable adverse effects, unrelated to the intervention but associated with the individual’s baseline health condition, may affect adherence to treatment programs of this kind.
Effectiveness of DASH Diet versus Other Diet Modalities in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José , Bravo Vicente Silva , Valarezo Laura Moyano , Delgado Retamal María Fernanda , Leiva Josefa Matta , Bruna-Mejías Alejandro , Nova-Baeza Pablo , Orellana-Donoso Mathias , Suazo-Santibañez Alejandra , Oyanedel-Amaro Gustavo , Gutierrez-Espinoza Hector
Published: September 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome refers to the coexistence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are interrelated and share underlying mediators, mechanisms, and pathways. Improvement in dietary habits has been shown to improve metabolic parameters in patients undergoing treatment with different diets. Methods: A systematic search in different databases was realized using the keywords “Metabolic syndrome”, “X syndrome”, “Dash dietary” and “Dash diet”. Finally, six studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: All articles comparing the DASH diet vs. other diet modalities reported significant differences in favor of the DASH diet on Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −8.06, confidence interval [CI] = −9.89 to −7.32, and p < 0.00001), Diastolic blood pressure (SMD = −6.38, CI = −7.62 to −5.14, and p < 0.00001), Cholesterol HDL (SMD = 0.70, CI = 0.53 to 0.88, and p < 0.00001) and Cholesterol LDL (SMD = −1.29, CI = −1.73 to −0.85, and p < 0.00001) scales. Conclusions: The DASH diet has been shown to be beneficial in altered parameters in patients with MS, and the resulting improvements can significantly affect the daily health of these patients. We therefore recommend that professionals who manage these pathologies promote the use of the DASH diet for the management of specific symptoms.
Phytoplankton Structure in a Coastal Region of the Eastern Entrance of the Gulf of California during La Niña 2022
Authors: Durán-Campos Elizabeth , Salas-de-León David Alberto , Coria-Monter Erik , Monreal-Gómez María Adela , Quiroz-Martínez Benjamín
Published: September 2024

This paper assessed the phytoplankton structure and its relationship with the physical environment in the coastal region off Mazatlán, Mexico, in two seasons of 2022, a year in which a strong La Niña event took place: (1) the warmer (August) and (2) the transitional period to the cold phase (November), based on hydrographic data and samples collected in two systematic scientific expeditions. The results showed clear differences between both seasons. Regarding total abundance, August reached 125,200 cells L−1, while November amounted to 219,900 cells L−1. Regarding species composition, the diatoms Cylindrotheca closterium and Planktoniella sol were dominant in August, while Thalassionema nitzschioides and Tetramphora decussata dominated the assemblages in November. The dinoflagellate Protoperidinium punctulatum was dominant in both seasons. However, very marked differences in its abundance are reported. The differences observed in the species richness and abundance could be attributed to the physical configuration of the water column, particularly the surface temperature, which showed clear changes between both seasons. The results presented here confirmed the high phytoplankton richness (some of them with the potential to generate harmful algal blooms), abundance, and diversity values of the region, suggesting a strong relationship with the physical environment.