bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On identity, agency and (sub)culture
Authors: Watling Christopher J.
Published: March 2022

In this commentary, @ChrisWatling3 highlights new papers by Schrepel and by Cantillon to consider the often problematic influences of medicine's professional subcultures on clinical practice and education.
Direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence host serotonin systems
Authors: Legan Theresa B. , Lavoie Brigitte , Mawe Gary M.
Published: March 2022

Mounting evidence highlights the pivotal role of enteric microbes as a dynamic interface with the host. Indeed, the gut microbiota, located in the lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, influence many essential physiological processes that are evident in both healthy and pathological states. A key signaling molecule throughout the body is serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), which acts in the GI tract to regulate numerous gut functions including intestinal motility and secretion. The gut microbiota can modulate host 5‐HT systems both directly and indirectly. Direct actions of gut microbes, evidenced by studies using germ‐free animals or antibiotic administration, alter the expression of key 5‐HT‐related genes to promote 5‐HT biosynthesis. Indirectly, the gut microbiota produce numerous microbial metabolites, whose actions can influence host serotonergic systems in a variety of ways. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mechanisms by which gut bacteria act to regulate host 5‐HT and 5‐HT‐mediated gut functions, as well as implications for 5‐HT in the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
Ovarian cancer‐specific dysregulated genes with prognostic significance: scRNA‐Seq with bulk RNA‐Seq data and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaohan , Wang Dandan
Published: March 2022

A major cause of gynecological cancer ‐related deaths worldwide, ovarian cancer is characterized by heterogeneity in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our study aimed to characterize tumor cell heterogeneity and the infiltration of M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the ovarian cancer TME by single‐cell RNA‐Seq (scRNA‐Seq) analysis combined with bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA‐Seq). Several highly variable genes were identified in ovarian cancer tissues, and tumor cell heterogeneity and infiltrating immune tumor cell heterogeneity were characterized in ovarian cancer cells. M2 TAMs in the TME were the predominant phenotype of TAM. Further, M2 TAM infiltration in the TME was negatively correlated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Four M2 TAM‐associated genes (SLAMF7, GNAS, TBX2‐AS1, and LYPD6) correlated with the prognostic survival of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown of SLAMF7 or GNAS mRNA repressed malignancy and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. ScRNA‐Seq combined with bulk RNA‐Seq identified the same four genes associated with M2 TAMs. The prognostic risk score model based on these four genes may hold favorable predictive value for the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
Calcium deficiency worldwide: prevalence of inadequate intakes and associated health outcomes
Authors: Shlisky Julie , Mandlik Rubina , Askari Sufia , Abrams Steven , Belizan Jose M. , Bourassa Megan W. , Cormick Gabriela , Driller‐Colangelo Amalia , Gomes Filomena , Khadilkar Anuradha , Owino Victor , Pettifor John M. , Rana Ziaul H. , Roth Daniel E. , Weaver Connie
Published: March 2022

Dietary calcium deficiency is considered to be widespread globally, with published estimates suggesting that approximately half of the world's population has inadequate access to dietary calcium. Calcium is essential for bone health, but inadequate intakes have also been linked to other health outcomes, including pregnancy complications, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Populations in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are at greatest risk of low calcium intakes, although many individuals in high‐income countries (HICs) also do not meet recommendations. Paradoxically, many LMICs with lower calcium intakes show lower rates of osteoporotic fracture as compared with HICs, though data are sparse. Calcium intake recommendations vary across agencies and may need to be customized based on other dietary factors, health‐related behaviors, or the risk of calcium‐related health outcomes. The lack of standard methods to assess the calcium status of an individual or population has challenged efforts to estimate the prevalence of calcium deficiency and the global burden of related adverse health consequences. This paper aims to consolidate available evidence related to the global prevalence of inadequate calcium intakes and associated health outcomes, with the goal of providing a foundation for developing policies and population‐level interventions to safely improve calcium intake and status where necessary.
Mental Health and Employment: A Bounding Approach Using Panel Data*
Authors: Bryan Mark L , Rice Nigel , Roberts Jennifer , Sechel Cristina
Published: March 2022

The effect of mental health on employment is a key policy question, but reliable causal estimates are elusive. Exploiting panel data and extending recent techniques using selection on observables to provide information on selection along unobservables, we estimate that transitioning into poor mental health leads to a 1.6% point reduction in the probability of employment; approximately 10% of the raw employment gap. Selection into mental health is almost entirely based on time‐invariant characteristics, rendering fixed effects estimates unbiased in this context, meaning researchers no longer have to rely on the narrow local average treatment effects of most health/work IV studies.
Comparative study on classifications of AJCC 8th and 7th in the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Shun , Yu Zi‐Li , Ye Zi‐Wu , Jia Jun
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Depth of invasion (DOI) is the most important predictor for lymph node metastasis in early‐stage oral cancer. This study aims to investigate the effects of the different classifications of AJCC 7th and 8th on predicting lymph node metastasis and the optimal cutoff point for DOI predicting the lymph node metastasis in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective study in 208 TSCC patients in early T stage without clinical or radiological signs of lymph node metastasis. Those patients were treated with elective neck dissection (END) between April 2019 and December 2020. And the relation between DOI and lymph node metastasis was analyzed.

Results

Metastases were found in 58 of 208 patients (27.88%). Of those 58 patients, the mean DOI was 8.311 mm compared to 5.425 mm in patients without metastases (p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) showed an area under the curve of 0.7066 with the most optimal cutoff point on a DOI of 4.050 mm (sensitivity 86.21%, specificity 52%). Linear regression analysis (1 mm ≤ DOI ≤6 mm) revealed that a DOI ≥ 3.211 mm predicated an incidence of occult lymph node metastasis greater than 20%. Regional metastases were found in 12.82% of patients with DOI ≤ 4.0 mm. Within the entire cohort, 60 cases (28.85%) got upgraded with respect to T stage. No tumor underwent downstaging.

Conclusion

The 8th edition provides better lymph node metastasis prediction for TSCC than the 7th. And DOI is a poor predictor for regional metastasis in patients with early T stage clinically node‐negative TSCC. END in patients with early‐stage TSCC should be performed in patients with DOI ≥ 3.211 mm.
Integrated multi‐omic data and analyses reveal the pathways underlying key ornamental traits in carnation flowers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoni , Lin Shengnan , Peng Dan , Wu Quanshu , Liao Xuezhu , Xiang Kunli , Wang Zehao , Tembrock Luke R. , Bendahmane Mohammed , Bao Manzhu , Wu Zhiqiang , Fu Xiaopeng
Published: March 2022

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers in the world. Although numerous studies on carnations exist, the underlying mechanisms of flower color, fragrance, and the formation of double flowers remain unknown. Here, we employed an integrated multi‐omics approach to elucidate the genetic and biochemical pathways underlying the most important ornamental features of carnation flowers. First, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome (636 Mb with contig N50 as 14.67 Mb) of D. caryophyllus, the ‘Scarlet Queen’. Next, a series of metabolomic datasets was generated with a variety of instrumentation types from different parts of the flower at multiple stages of development to assess spatial and temporal differences in the accumulation of pigment and volatile compounds. Finally, transcriptomic data were generated to link genomic, biochemical, and morphological patterns to propose a set of pathways by which ornamental traits such as petal coloration, double flowers, and fragrance production are formed. Among them, the transcription factors bHLHs, MYBs, and a WRKY44 homolog are proposed to be important in controlling petal color patterning and genes such as coniferyl alcohol acetyltransferase and eugenol synthase are involved in the synthesis of eugenol. The integrated dataset of genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics presented herein provides an important foundation for understanding the underlying pathways of flower development and coloration, which in turn can be used for selective breeding and gene editing for the development of novel carnation cultivars.
A philosopher's guide to multidimensional equality
Authors: Olson Kristi A.
Published: March 2022

Take a distribution involving two or more dimensions—say, apples and oranges. If Smith fares better on one dimension, while Jones fares better on another, how do we compare them? Rawlsians call this the indexing problem: how do we identify the worst‐off group overall? Proponents of the capabilities approach call it the aggregation problem: how do we weight the various dimensions? This essay examines possible solutions, including interpersonal comparisons of utility, the envy test, the egalitarian equivalent approach, undominated diversity, and the solidarity test. Although this essay does not solve the problem, it does identify the crucial question: should we equalize each person's bundle of resources or capabilities, the extent to which each person's bundle fits her preferences, or standing in the community? Since the question is normative—what should we equalize?—philosophers have much to contribute to the debate, and the payoff could be considerable: both policy decisions and other egalitarian debates could hinge on the answer.
Glutamine synthetase: an unlikely case of functional redundancy in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Moreira E. , Coimbra S. , Melo P.
Published: March 2022

Glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) is an essential enzyme in plant metabolism, catalysing the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen into the amino acid glutamine. GS is a key enzyme in plant growth and has received special attention due to its recognized roles in plant nitrogen use efficiency and crop productivity. It occurs in plants as a collection of isoenzymes, located in the cytosol (GS1) and plastids (GS2), consistent with the multiplicity of roles played in plant metabolism. It is considered that the different isoenzymes, involved in a wide variety of physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle, perform non‐redundant and non‐overlapping roles. In fact, specific and non‐redundant roles of GS isoenzymes in nitrogen metabolism were observed in species like Oryza sativa and Zea mays. However, in A. thaliana the GS isoenzymes, five cytosolic and one plastidic, are suggested to have functional redundancy and an isoenzyme compensation mechanism, specific to this species, was described. This review integrates analyses on the likely roles of the distinct cytosol‐ and plastid‐located GS isoenzymes in A. thaliana, highlighting the redundancy of the GS gene family specifically occurring in this model plant.
Immunocastration with gene vaccine (KISS1) induces a cell‐mediated immune response in ram testis: A transcriptome evaluation
Authors: Ahmed Sohail , Bo Dongdong , Zhao Jiayu , Liu Guiqiong , Ding Yi , Jiang Xunping , Wassie Teketay , Jing Haijing
Published: March 2022

Immunocastration vaccines achieve their effects through neutralization of the endogenous hormone by the humoral antibody produced against the immunized genes, but there is little information regarding cell‐mediated immune response on the gonadal function of the immunized model is available. In this study, we used ram as a model animal to identify the cellular immune response in testicular tissues of rams immunized with intranasal KISS1 gene vaccine. The immune castration model was evaluated by sexual behaviours, spermatogenesis and serum hormone profiles after the KISS1 gene immunization. Transcriptome analysis of testicular tissues was carried out to identify the expressions of protein‐coding genes involved in cellular immunity. The results showed that we successfully constructed the KISS1 immune castration ram model, in which testicular growth and development, testosterone and kisspeptin‐54 levels, and sexual function were suppressed in immunized rams (p < .05). Using Hiseq™ 2000 high sequencing for ram testicular, we identified 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cellular immunity, of which, 14 genes were upregulated and seven genes were downregulated in the testis of the immunized group (p < .05). The Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in the antigen presentation process mediated by MHC class I and the cytotoxic pathway mediated by natural killer cells. It is concluded that KISS1 gene vaccine induced the cell‐mediated immune response in testicular tissue to suppress reproductive activities in rams.
Effect of compulsory education on retirement financial outcomes: evidence from China*
Authors: Chen Bingzheng , Deng Peiyun , Fan Xiaodong
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the first causal evidence that compulsory education improves retirement financial outcomes in a developing economy. By exploiting the 1986 compulsory schooling reform in China, we show that compulsory education increases rural residents’ participation in the New Rural Pension Scheme, the world’s largest public pension program. Using an instrumental variables strategy in a difference‐in‐differences framework, we find that an additional year of schooling significantly increases pension participation by 3.5 percentage points, and this positive result is more prominent among women. Mechanism analysis suggests that cognition and access to information are essential pathways in the education–pension nexus.
Considering poststructuralist discursive community psychology
Authors: Malherbe Nick , Cornell Josephine
Published: March 2022

Although critical community psychology (CCP) has embraced several discursive paradigms (e.g., critical discourse analysis, discursive psychology, and Foucauldian discourse analysis), there remains little CCP work that attempts to conceive of CCP through a poststructuralist discursive lens, a lens that extends beyond, but certainly does not ignore, the analysis of data. In this study, we consider what we are calling poststructuralist discursive community psychology through a synthesis of poststructuralist discourse theory and CCP. Such a psychology is one that conceives of social phenomena, and indeed conceives of itself, through a poststructuralist understanding of discourse. We offer two pathways through which to consider poststructuralist discursive community psychology: re‐envisioning community and discursive consciousness‐raising. We conclude by considering some of the theoretical limitations of our discussion, as well as the areas that future work into poststructuralist discursive community psychology may enter into.
Full genomic sequence of the HLA‐DPA1*02:46 allele identified by next generation sequencing
Authors: Liacini Abdelhamid , Peters Lindsey , Pfau Kimberly , Mancini Shannon , Geier Steven
Published: March 2022

Full‐length sequence of HLA‐DPA1*02:46 covers the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3′ UTR.
Inference of positional accuracy of collaborative data from intrinsic parameters
Authors: Paiva Caio dos Anjos , Camboim Silvana Philippi
Published: March 2022

Updating reference maps is the focus of research on the use of voluntary geographic information (VGI) in countries with spatial data deficits. However, data quality needs to be known so collaborative data can fill the geospatial data gaps in this situation. Most research uses comparative metrics for this purpose (i.e. they compare collaborative data with official data considered more reliable). However, this study proposes a method for cases with uneven coverage of available reference data. Therefore, we propose to use the geographically weighted regression method with the definition of collective spatial intelligence as a parameter to explain the positional accuracy of collaborative data. The number of collaborators and edits observed on OpenStreetMap features was used to represent this parameter. The results show that such variables are significant and can explain up to 93% of the positional accuracy, which points the way to estimate the positional accuracy of VGI without direct comparisons between collaborative data and data from official sources.
Structural change and trade openness in sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Kaba Kabinet , Lin Justin Yifu , Renard Mary‐Françoise
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the role of trade openness in the economic reallocation from the agriculture to the manufacturing sector in 34 sub‐Saharan African countries between 1970 and 2016. The results show that the long‐term evolution of trade openness negatively impacts the long‐run and the short‐run dynamics of structural change. Moreover, this impact goes through aggregate exports not aggregate imports. By breaking down global exports, we find that commodities exports have a negative impact while manufacturing exports positively impact structural change. These results are explained by the fact that, contrary to Asian countries, African countries have failed to put trade at the service of industrialisation by following the logic of comparative advantage. More precisely, they have failed to invest the revenues from commodities exports to improve the quality of infrastructure in order to remove the constraints on the economic relocation to labour‐intensive manufacturing activities. Unlike previous studies, we address the endogeneity problem by using a dynamic ordinary least squares method after a pooled mean group method.
Forecasting Water Levels in Krasnodar Krai Rivers with the Use of Machine Learning
Authors: Belyakova P. A. , Moreido V. M. , Tsyplenkov A. S. , Amerbaev A. N. , Grechishnikova D. A. , Kurochkina L. S. , Filippov V. A. , Makeev M. S.
Published: March 2022

The potential of construction of machine learning models was considered as applied to water level forecasting in mountain river reaches in Krasnodar Krai based on observation data on water levels at automated hydrological complexes of the Automated System of Flood Conditions Monitoring in Krasnodar Krai. The study objects were two mountain rivers in Krasnodar Krai―the Pshish and Mzymta. These rivers flow in different natural conditions and differ in their water regimes and the character of lateral inflow in the reaches under consideration. The study focused on three widely used machine learning architectures: regression model of decision trees M5P, gradient boosting of decision trees XGBoost, and artificial neural network based on multilayer perceptron. The forecast quality was evaluated for lead time from 1 to 20 h; variations for rivers with different water regimes and the potential of the examined models as applied to operational forecasting are discussed. The optimal lead time for the Pshish river was found to be 15–18 h (with S/σΔ varying within 0.38–0.39 for XGBoost model); the simulation quality for the Mzymta river is evaluated as good; however, the necessary forecast efficiency is not attained (at the lead time of 5 h, we have S/σΔ = 0.87 for MLP model). The obtained results allow the machine learning models to be regarded as acceptable for short-term hydrological forecasting based on high-frequency water level observation data.
Ionophore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes in Non-Zero Current Modes: Mechanistic Studies and the Possibilities of the Analytical Application
Authors: Bondar Anna V. , Keresten Valentina M. , Mikhelson Konstantin N.
Published: March 2022

This mini review briefly describes (i) literature data on the non-zero current measurements with ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) aimed at fundamental studies of the mechanism of their potentiometric response, and (ii) the data on the possibilities of analytical applications of ISEs in voltametric and constant potential chronoamperometric/coulometric modes, in particular the K+ ion assay in blood serum with the sensitivity of 0.1%. A special attention is paid to the basics of voltammetry and chronoamperometry/coulometry with the ionophore-based ISEs, and to how and why these methods differ from the classical voltammetry and coulometry.
Assessing supernumerary root occurrence as a possible adaptation enhancing teeth performance in Mediterranean deer populations
Authors: Esteve Araceli Gort , Riera Joan Lluís , Ruiz-Olmo Jordi , Carrasco Rafael , García del Rincón Amanda , Azorit Concepción
Published: March 2022

Teeth root morphology and integrity are essential to provide appropriate attachment, allowing for continuous and functional movement, with implications for adequate food processing, animal performance, and longevity. We studied the occurrence of supernumerary roots in mandibular molariform teeth of red deer ( Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) from seven separate populations spanning a range of latitudes in the Iberian Peninsula. We analyzed the influence of several factors, including sex, origin (native vs. reintroduced), lineage, and habitat, to assess extra root prevalence variations. The highest prevalence in deciduous teeth was found in pm3 (14%) and in permanent teeth in M1 (3%). We found significant differences between areas, lineages, and soil type; however, no significant relationships were found with the origin or the sex of individuals. We speculate that the high prevalence of supernumerary roots in M1 might be related to increased wear in grazers. Furthermore, we suggest that this high prevalence in deciduous teeth might be associated with a hard diet, dry climatic conditions, and a harsh weaning period, which indicate that supernumerary roots might have an adaptive value.
First design of a crystal-based extraction of 6 GeV electrons for the DESY II Booster Synchrotron
Authors: Sytov A. , Kube G. , Bandiera L. , Cirrone P. , Ehrlichmann H. , Guidi V. , Haurylavets V. , Romagnoni M. , Soldani M. , Stanitzki M. , Tamisari M. , Tikhomirov V. , Wittenburg K. , Mazzolari A.
Published: March 2022

A proof-of-principle experimental setup for the extraction of 6 GeV electrons from the DESY II Booster Synchrotron using the channeling effect in a bent crystal is elaborated. Various aspects of the experimental setup were investigated in detail, such as the particle beam dynamics during the extraction process, the manufacturing and characterization of bent crystals, and the detection of the extracted beam. In order to optimize the crystal geometry, the overall process of beam extraction was simulated, taking into account the influence of radiation energy losses. As result it is concluded that the multi-turn electron beam extraction efficiency can reach up to 16%. In principle this crystal-based beam extraction technique can be applied at any electron synchrotron in order to provide multi-GeV electron beams in a parasitic mode. This technique will allow to supply fixed-target experiments by intense high-quality monoenergetic electron beams. Furthermore, electron/positron crystal-based extraction from future lepton colliders may provide an access to unique experimental conditions for ultra-high energy fixed-target experiments including searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
A comprehensive linear and nonlinear study on a fluorescent stain
Authors: Sharba Ahmed B. , Ahmed Rafea T. , Haddawi S. F.
Published: March 2022

The optical properties, linear and nonlinear, for Leishman stain are studied in ethanol and chloroform over a wide spectral region. The stain consists of two components: Methylene blue (MB) and Eosin (E). The low intensity optical measurements, linear regime, show the absorption and emission characteristics of the E and the MB components in ethanol and only the MB component in chloroform. Under the influence of optical intensity less than 15[Formula: see text]MW/m2, the stain shows nonlinear absorption characteristics at excitation wavelengths 532[Formula: see text]nm and 650[Formula: see text]nm only. The nonlinear absorption coefficients of the solutions are in 1–12.4 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] cm/W range in both solvents. Leishman stain solutions in ethanol and chloroform have a strong thermal nonlinearity with a negative index of refraction over the entire visible region. The value of the nonlinear refractive index ([Formula: see text]) of Leishman stain in both solvents increases as the wavelength of the excitation radiation increases. The value of [Formula: see text] of the solutions is in the range of about 2–46 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/W. As an example of the optoelectronic applications, the stain shows excellent properties of an energy spreading optical limiter.
Analysis of platform business and secure business intelligence
Authors: Mishra Shrutika , Mishra Priyanshu
Published: March 2022

Platform is a business stage where people and technology share the information and make the business ecosystem through the network effect. It is a state-of-the-art technology for business. Platform business is an interaction of the network effects which creates profit in multidimensional way. It encourages business growth and efficiency, which is both exponentially and asymptotically. A platform is a creation which helps and empowers other products and amenities. Digital platforms occur at many levels in internet-based businesses and business models with blockchain technology. They array from high-level platforms to enable a platform business model to a low-level platform which provides an assembly line of business and technology dimensions that other products or services consume to deliver their own business capabilities. This paper deliberates the analysis of platform learning business approaches and secure business transactions like blockchain technology. Platform business along with secure business intelligence (BI) is now a prerequisite of the frontrunners for noble organizations to keep customers active, alive and compete the business in the digital age. Blockchain technology plays a vital role in this issue. Presently, businesses implement attract data-driven, network-driven, cloud-driven and blockchain technology platform-intensive approaches. Artificial intelligence, deep learning and machine learning are playing a great role in analyzing the data and classifying customer patterns and retaining customers in the business principles of market. Currently, we are competent enough to analyze online and offline data using these intelligent business tools. These business tools are very useful to identify customers’ marketing trends and their buying patterns. Securities in the business are more demanding and need professional ventures. Business people are now copious, focused and vigilant for secure transactions and demand blockchain technology-based platforms. Blockchain technology is nowadays becoming a boon for industrialists to keep their transactions more secure. As businesses and industries grow, they are now using blockchain technology to secure and track the items in supply chain management using digital platforms and BI. This concept is very relevant in the current scenario and state-of-the-art business platforms. We have exasperated the study in this direction, that is, how to concentrate on strategic revolution in financial sector with various innovative econometrics and simulator tools. This paper also addresses the recent research gap in the secure digital platform and analyzes the state-of-the-art methodology for the optimized solutions for the industry.
Boosting Compiler Testing via Compiler Optimization Exploration
Authors: Chen Junjie , Suo Chenyao
Published: March 2022

Compilers are a kind of important software, and similar to the quality assurance of other software, compiler testing is one of the most widely-used ways of guaranteeing their quality. Compiler bugs tend to occur in compiler optimizations. Detecting optimization bugs needs to consider two main factors: (1) the
optimization flags
controlling the accessability of the compiler buggy code should be turned on; and (2) the
test program
should be able to trigger the buggy code. However, existing compiler testing approaches only consider the latter to generate effective test programs, but just run them under several pre-defined optimization levels (e.g.,
-O0
,
-O1
,
-O2
,
-O3
,
-Os
in GCC).

To better understand the influence of compiler optimizations on compiler testing, we conduct the first empirical study, and find that (1) all the bugs detected under the widely-used optimization levels are also detected under the explored optimization settings (we call a combination of optimization flags turned on for compilation
an optimization setting
), while 83.54% of bugs are only detected under the latter; (2) there exist both inhibition effect and promotion effect among optimization flags for compiler testing, indicating the necessity and challenges of considering the factor of compiler optimizations in compiler testing.

We then propose the first approach, called
COTest
, by considering both factors to test compilers. Specifically, COTest first adopts machine-learning (the XGBoost algorithm) to model the relationship between test programs and optimization settings, to predict the bug-triggering probability of a test program under an optimization setting. Then, it designs a diversity augmentation strategy to select a set of diverse candidate optimization settings for prediction for a test program. Finally, Top-K optimization settings are selected for compiler testing according to the predicted bug-triggering probabilities. Then, it designs a diversity augmentation strategy to select a set of diverse candidate optimization settings for prediction for a test program. Finally, Top-K optimization settings are selected for compiler testing according to the predicted bug-triggering probabilities. The experiments on GCC and LLVM demonstrate its effectiveness, especially COTest detects 17 previously unknown bugs, 11 of which have been fixed or confirmed by developers.
An Optimized GIB Routing Architecture with Bent Wires for FPGA
Authors: Shi Kaichuang , Zhou Xuegong , Zhou Hao , Wang Lingli
Published: March 2022

Field-programmable gate arrays (FGPAs) are widely used because of the superiority in flexibility and lower non-recurring engineering cost. How to optimize the routing architecture is a key problem for FPGA architects because it has a large impact on FPGA area, delay, and routability. In academia, the routing architecture is mainly based on the connection blocks (CBs) and switch blocks (SBs), whereas most research has focused on SB architectures, such as Wilton, Universal, and Disjoint SB patterns. In this article, we propose a novel unidirectional routing architecture—general interconnection block (GIB)—to improve FPGA performance. With the GIB architecture, logic block (LB) pins can directly connect with the adjacent GIBs without programmable switches. Inside a GIB, LB pins can connect to the routing channel tracks on the four sides of a GIB. In particular, the logic pins from different neighboring LBs that connect to the same GIB can connect with each other with only one programmable switch. In addition, we enhance VTR to support the GIB with bent wires and develop a searching framework based on the simulated annealing algorithm to search for a near-optimal distribution of wire types. We evaluate the GIB architecture on VTR 8 with the provided benchmark circuits. The experimental results show that the GIB architecture with length-4 wires can achieve 9.5% improvement on the critical path delay and 11.1% improvement on the area-delay product compared to the VTR CB-SB architecture with length-4 wires. After exploring mixed wire types, the optimized GIB architecture can further improve the delay by 16.4% and area-delay product by 17.1% compared to the CB-SB architecture with length-4 wires.
Fractal Design of Indoor and Outdoor Forms of Architectural Space Based on a Three-Dimensional Box Dimension Algorithm
Authors: Liang Jingyun , Xu Lin , Li Jinning , Ding Xiaoying
Published: March 2022

The three-dimensional organic growth features of buildings have been given more and more attention according to the unique view representation regulations of the indoor construction industry, in order to optimize the usage and allocation efficiency of building space. To explore the configuration structure of building function space, the three-dimensional box dimension algorithm is used to measure the fractal dimension of the indoor and outdoor form of building space, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal characteristics of building space are compared and analyzed; the method of the second derivative is utilized for the automatic recognition of fractal scale-free areas, aiming at the imprecise problem of the artificial judgment of scale-free areas in earlier fractal research of interior and outdoor forms of architectural space. The experimental results show that the second derivative method can effectively and automatically identify the scale-free region. The coefficients of linear fitting are above 0.990, and the indoor and outdoor forms of architectural space have clear fractal characteristics. After applying the method, the three-dimensional fractal dimension grows, indicating that the interior and outdoor form usage of architectural space in this area is generally effective and compact.
Glycosylation-Related Genes Predict the Prognosis and Immune Fraction of Ovarian Cancer Patients Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Chen , Xiong Kewei , Zhao Fangrui , Adam Abdalla , Li Xiangpan
Published: March 2022

Background. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignancy exhibiting high mortality in female tumors. Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins but research has failed to demonstrate a systematic link between glycosylation-related signatures and tumor environment of OC. Purpose. This study is aimed at developing a novel model with glycosylation-related messenger RNAs (GRmRNAs) to predict the prognosis and immune function in OC patients. Methods. The transcriptional profiles and clinical phenotypes of OC patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning were performed to find the optimal survival-related GRmRNAs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) and Cox regression were carried out to calculate the coefficients of each GRmRNA and compute the risk score of each patient as well as develop a prognostic model. A nomogram model was constructed, and several algorithms were used to investigate the relationship between risk subtypes and immune-infiltrating levels. Results. A total of four signatures (ALG8, DCTN4, DCTN6, and UBB) were determined to calculate the risk scores, classifying patients into the high-and low-risk groups. High-risk patients exhibited significantly poorer survival outcomes, and the established nomogram model had a promising prediction for OC patients’ prognosis. Tumor purity and tumor mutation burden were negatively correlated with risk scores. In addition, risk scores held statistical associations with pathway signatures such as Wnt, Hippo, and reactive oxygen species, and nonsynonymous mutation counts. Conclusion. The currently established risk scores based on GRmRNAs can accurately predict the prognosis, the immune microenvironment, and the immunotherapeutic efficacy of OC patients.
No Histological Difference between Large Atherosclerotic and Cardiogenic Embolic Thrombus
Authors: Chen Rui , Zeng Xiaopeng , Liu Yong , Huang Cheng , Yang Jun
Published: March 2022

Background. The continuous development of endovascular treatment technology provides more opportunities for the histological study of thrombus. According to Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), clinicians take different strategies in anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. There are some patients still suffering from recurrent stroke while they took anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs regularly for secondary prevention. In view of that, we found that histological analysis of thrombus can provide guidance for secondary prevention. Aim. Exploring the histological characteristics differences between large atherosclerotic and cardiogenic embolic thrombosis in order to guide clinical secondary prevention of the two stroke subtypes. Methods. A total of 54 patients with acute ischemic stroke were collected from December 2019 to April 2021. Identify stroke subtypes according to TOAST classification. Stain thrombus specimens with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and perform statistical analysis on the components (red blood cells and fibrin/platelets) of thrombus. Results. In cardiogenic thrombi, the composition of RBCs was dominant (

51.38
±
18.463

%) compared to that of fibrin/platelets (

48.62
±
18.463

%). Similarly, among the thrombi of large artery atherosclerotic, RBCs (

50.40
±
20.100

%) compared to fibrin/platelets (

49.60
±
20.100

%). There was no statistical difference in RBCs or fibrin/platelet composition of both cardiogenic and atherosclerotic thrombi (

P
=
0.89

). Conclusions. The histologic composition of thrombi in cardiogenic and atherosclerotic had no statistical difference. These thrombi are all mixed thrombus, which are rich in RBCs, fibrinogen, and platelets. Anticoagulation combined with antiplatelet may be a more effective secondary prevention strategy.
A Broad Learning System to Predict the 28-Day Mortality of Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yuan Jing , Liu Xin , Wang Wen-Feng , Zhang Jing-Jing
Published: March 2022

This study was to conduct a model based on the broad learning system (BLS) for predicting the 28-day mortality of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A total of 1,210 eligible CAP cases from Chifeng Municipal Hospital were finally included in this retrospective case-control study. Random forest (RF) and an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models were used to develop the prediction models. The data features extracted from BLS are utilized in RF and XGB models to predict the 28-day mortality of CAP patients, which established two integrated models BLS-RF and BLS-XGB. Our results showed the integrated model BLS-XGB as an efficient broad learning system (BLS) for predicting the death risk of patients, which not only performed better than the two basic models but also performed better than the integrated model BLS-RF and two well-known deep learning systems-deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN). In conclusion, BLS-XGB may be recommended as an efficient model for predicting the 28-day mortality of CAP patients after hospital admission.
Dizer a mesma coisa em outras palavras? Questionando o senso comum sobre mediação/tradução durante a formação de docentes de LE: três textos-chave
Authors: Bohunovsky Ruth
Published: March 2022

Nas últimas décadas, a tradução/mediação linguística tem ganhado destaque e relevância na área de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras (LEs). Mesmo assim, muitos trabalhos acerca desse assunto ainda partem de uma compreensão da atividade tradutória/de mediação que está enraizada no senso comum e é incompatível com abordagens atuais dos Estudos da Tradução. Com o intuito de contribuir para a formação de docentes de LE competentes no que diz respeito ao uso e à avaliação de atividades de mediação linguística em sala de aula, este artigo apresenta três textos-chave da área dos Estudos da Tradução e sugere sua leitura e seu estudo durante esse processo formativo.
Über.Leben.Schreiben: Tradução e legendagem de uma live de literatura – Um projeto com estudantes de Letras português-alemão
Authors: Schumann Carina , Macchi Fabiana
Published: March 2022

Este artigo apresenta um projeto de tradução e legendagem realizado no segundo semestre de 2020 no âmbito da disciplina opcional “Tradução Alemão-Português” na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A base para a avaliação dos(as) alunos(as) foi um portfólio contendo três relatórios escritos ao longo do semestre nos quais eles(as) refletiam individualmente sobre o próprio aprendizado. O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar os portfólios dos(as) alunos(as) em relação às principais dificuldades encontradas por eles(as) para executar a tarefa de tradução, às percepções de suas habilidades na língua alemã e a evolução da própria consciência linguística e de uma competência tradutória. Outros objetivos são demonstrar as particularidades da tradução audiovisual e analisar pontos frágeis da organização do projeto a fim de compartilhar experiências com outros(as) professores(as) interessados(as) em realizar projetos similares.
O fim da comunicação? Em busca do horizonte do comunicacional
Authors: Libanio Deodato Rafael
Published: March 2022

O ensaísta francês Jean Baudrillard anunciou o surgimento de uma sociedade regida pela ordem do simulacro, imagens vazias, sem referência ao “real”, que se tornam mais reais do que o “real”. Esse diagnóstico, quando aprofundado, leva ao fim da comunicação pela deflação de sentido. Neste texto, procuramos discutir essas ideias para levantarmos hipóteses epistemológicas sobre o fim da comunicação. Com a ideia de avançar no debate, propomos caminhos possíveis a partir do sistema baudrillardiano, para pensarmos na ciência da comunicação, elencando autores da área e da filosofia na tentativa de fazer as ideias dialogarem entre si e gerar questões importantes para a fundamentação científica da comunicação. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que o suposto fim da comunicação desloca a reflexão sobre a comunicação dos paradigmas sistêmicos, apontando para uma ontologia e para uma estética da comunicação.
Um século em 21 anos: o rádio brasileiro sob a convergência (ou das fantasias eletrônicas à incerteza gerencial)
Authors: Ferraretto Luiz Artur
Published: March 2022

Estudo histórico objetivando identificar transformações sofridas pelo rádio nas primeiras décadas do século 21. Com base na economia política da comunicação (Mosco, 1996), analisa alterações conceituais propostas por autores como Meditsch (2001a, 2001b, 2010), Lopez (2010) e Kischinhevsky (2016, 2017) e procura identificar mudanças de rotinas de gerenciamento, produção e recepção. Assume a vigência de uma fase de convergência na história do rádio brasileiro (Ferraretto, 2012), diretamente relacionada ao conceito de multiplicidade da oferta (Brittos, 1999, 2002). Fundamenta-se em reflexões sobre as culturas da convergência (Jenkins, 2008) e da conexão (Jenkins et al., 2014) e os processos de midiamorfose (Fidler, 1998) e de remediação (Bolter & Grusin, 1999). Assim, busca elencar uma série de situações que apontam possibilidades para o futuro do rádio.
Volumetria audiovisual: por um novo campo de estudos da Comunicação
Authors: Gosciola Vicente
Published: March 2022

Este texto levanta subsídios teóricos e analíticos para propor um novo campo de estudos na área da Comunicação. Este campo abrange todo tipo de vídeo que não se caracteriza pela bidimensionalidade convencional das telas de Cinema e TV. O corpus do estudo é a tridimensionalidade ou volumetria audiovisual em suas diversas possibilidades. Pretendemos demonstrar que há um conjunto coerente das formas emergentes de modelagem e simulação por sistemas 3-D que são utilizadas na representação de narrativas apresentadas ao vivo ou sob demanda, nas salas de exibição, nos dispositivos móveis, na web, na instalação de galerias, sistemas de interação háptica e outras aplicações. Em particular, examinamos os conceitos, métodos e abordagens utilizados na criação e experiência prática dessas formas de expressão. Ao final, refletimos sobre a perspectiva, as texturas e os sentidos visceral e vestibular, como recursos já em uso para organizar, audiovisualmente, emaranhados emocionais.
Geoturismo no Parque Estadual Forno Grande, Espírito Santo: impactos gerados pelo isolamento social da COVID-19
Authors: Magalhães Marcus Vinicius Dutra de , Moro Iulo Pessotti , Oliveira João Paulo Bestete de , Souza Ariadne Marra de
Published: March 2022

As Unidades de Conservação contribuem para a preservação dos recursos naturais, fomentando a implementação de atividades relacionadas ao turismo ecológico e geológico. Objetivou-se caracterizar os principais atrativos geoturísticos e ecoturísticos do Parque Estadual Forno Grande (PEFG) e avaliar os impactos ambientais no trecho da trilha do Centro de Visitantes até os Poços Amarelos, decorrentes da visitação antes da pandemia da COVID-19 e da ausência de visitação por quatro meses durante a pandemia. Para isso, buscou-se descrever com base em observações in loco e consulta bibliográfica dos aspectos geossistêmicos do PEFG. Para a avaliação de impactos ambientais foi utilizado o método de check-list realizado nos dias 27 de fevereiro e 26 de julho de 2020. A partir da primeira avaliação, identificaram-se pontos com acúmulo de água, longarinas danificadas, sulcos de erosão, exposição de raízes e compactação do solo. Já n a segunda avaliação verificaram-se alguns impactos positivos, principalmente com relação à quantidade de serrapilheira depositada no piso da trilha. Por outro lado, houve maior acúmulo de restos vegetais no corredor da trilha, em função da falta de visitação. Em alguns dos trechos observou-se redução do tamanho dos sulcos de erosão. Observou-se, também, mais indícios da presença de animais silvestres, como pegadas e excrementos ao longo da trilha. Assim sendo, há desafios a serem enfrentados para a geoconservação do PEFG, que incluem uma visão multidisciplinar e holística visando alcançar a sustentabilidade por meio do geoturismo e na expectativa de que ele possa contribuir para a preservação do meio biótico e abiótico.
Redistributing deaths by ill-defined and unspecified causes on cancer mortality in Brazil
Authors: Bigoni Alessandro
Published: March 2022

This corrects the article:  10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003319