bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Administration "On the Ground": Some Issues of Russian and Foreign Experience
Authors: CHirkin Vyeniamin
Published: October 2014

When studying public administration on the ground cannot be limited only to local government in municipal law. Metro areas in Russia and the larger territorial public groups in foreign countries are not, strictly speaking, the "municipalities". This governmental regional education some other kind. Therefore in European continental system (Russia still closer to the Anglo-Saxon system) in such entities, "on the ground" have not only elected bodies (both at the grass-roots level), but also by top officials of the general competence (their bodies). Although they are concerned with public values or values of constituent entity of the Federation, they do so at the local level, manage, resolve issues "on the ground". All this is somehow out of our attention (while in Moscow in municipalities (grassroots units) are also appointed by the Council, in the areas of St. Petersburg (regional unit) - appointed heads of districts, bringing together a total of 110 local municipalities). They work closely with the elected bodies in foreign countries, especially with the President of the Council (the local executive power) regional public education. Therefore, true understanding of local government in such regional sui generis municipal entities, as well as in the municipalities of the grass-roots level, (and the community) can only be achieved by studying the local governance in general. Course of municipal law too narrow. It could teach more broadly as "local public administration and self-administration".
Release on Parole from Serving Sentence and its Application
Authors: Makarova Oksana
Published: October 2014

The release on parole from serving sentence is the important institute of criminal law, stimulating law-abiding behavior of persons, committed a crime and condemned to imprisonment. The existing Criminal Сode of the Russian Federation allows any condemned to imprisonment to petition for the release on parole, including condemned to lifelong imprisonment. Given opportunity testifies to humanism and liberalism manifestation in relation to condemned and is undoubted achievement of the legislator. On application of the release on parole from serving sentence it is important not only to allow the persons, which have followed a way of correction, to leave imprisonment places ahead of schedule, but also, on the contrary, not to allow an early release of persons who actually didn´t follow a correction way. The solution of the problem is possible thanks to joint efforts of the legislator and law enforcers. In the article on the basis of the analysis of scientific legal literature and jurisprudence theoretical and practical problems of application of the release on parole from serving sentence are considered. Frequent changes of the article 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, testifying to lack of system approach of the legislator in the solution of the question of the release on parole are subjected to the critical analysis. The specified problem in the aggregate with the lack of uniform law-enforcement practice, according to the author, reduce value of the release on parole as incentive institute of the criminal law stimulating condemned to the law-abiding behavior.
Judicial Practice of Re-Adjudication of Entered into Force Court Decisions in Civil Procedure
Authors: Zabramnaya Natalya
Published: October 2014

This article reviews the history of origin and development of the such base for revision сourt decisions in force on new circumstances in civil process as definition or change of practice in the application of legal norm in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation or in the decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author has studied jurisprudence and оpinions of scientists on this subject and author concludes that its need to make changes into the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation and proposed a new edition of the item 5 of part 4 of the article 392 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation. According to the author, judicial act, which entered into force, may be revised on this basis, if in the corresponding act of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicated on the possibility of revising the Court orders, which have entered into force, under the new circumstances by virtue of the circumstances. In addition, the author suggests adding the item 5 of part 4 of article 392 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation the provision that revision court decisions, which entered into legal force, allowed in the specified case, If as a result of new interpretation of the law the position of the subordinate (weak) side in a public legal relation does not deteriorate.
Procedural-Legal Forms of Provision of Consensus in the Field of Public Administration
Authors: Avrutin Yuriy
Published: October 2014

The article deals with the problem of shortages of public confidence in government, caused by improper public administration, offered his own definition of consensus in the public administration as a qualitative result of the right of citizens to proper public administration, reflecting a fundamental acceptance for its usefulness, quality, efficiency; analyzes the legal tools to achieve it. Grounded circuits multidimensional logical-conceptual model of the use of these instruments, which are highlighted and disclosed: a procedural form of positive production, creating a regulatory framework of proper public administration; procedural form - administrative justice as a procedural framework to ensure, "patterns in the management", "prevention and suppression of administrative injustice", forming the full mechanism of protection of the state and society from unlawful legal acts, decisions and actions of the public authorities, officials, state and municipal employees; alternative (neyurisdiktsionnye) authorization forms of legal and administrative disputes providing the parties an opportunity on an equal basis to take the initiative to resolve any differences over the public administration, while coming to a compromise or consensus.
The Role of Declarations on Cooperation of States in the Artic and International Law
Authors: Avkhadeev Vladislav
Published: October 2014

The considerable part of modern sources of international law regulating relations arising in the cooperation on the Arctic region is Declaration.The legal validity of these declarations is determined by their place in the system of sources of contemporary international law. In this article, the author analyzes the declaration relating to issues of cooperation in the Arctic region for compliance with sources of international law referred in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
Globalization and Human Development in Post-Transition Countries: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data
Authors: Cieslik Andrzej
Published: October 2014

In this paper we investigate empirically the relationship between globalization and human development in post-transition countries using annual panel data for the 1971-2010 period. We show that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between globalization and human development in the case of unconditional regressions. This relationship remains positive and significant once the process of European and regional integration is controlled for. However, when differences in the level of economic development are taken into account the globalization variable loses its statistical significance.
Application of the Logit Model to the Analysis of Economic Activity Factors of the Disabled
Authors: Śliwicki Dominik , Ręklewski Marek
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the classification as a working group of economically active people with disabilities. According to the Labour Force Survey methodology, working population is defined as labor resources, labor supply and labor force, which includes all people of working-age 15 and older, considered as employed or unemployed. Community of people with disabilities is extracted from the general population aged 15 and more, on the basis of law. People with disabilities include those aged 16 and over who have been awarded a judgment about the degree of disability or inability to work (CSO 2011).In the analyses of the labor market models with qualitative variables, which include logit models, are very often used. For the purpose of the study it was assumed that these models will describe the probability of a person with a disability to qualify for the category of employed. The basis for estimating probability models were individual data obtained under representative Labour Force Survey in the fourth quarter of 2010. A set of explanatory variables contains 54 binary variables.
Calculation of The Deposited Energy and Stopping Range For The Proton, Deuteron and Carbon Beams In Laser Fusion by Fast Ignition
Authors:   Department of Physics, College  of Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Hoseinimotlagh S.N. , Zareie M.
Published: October 2014

The main goal of this paper is calculation of deposited energy and as a result evaluation of stopping range of the ionic beams of carbon, deuteron and proton. The deposited energy is the function of two parameters: (a) beam energy and (b) electron temperature. Also the stopping range depends on the temperature, ionic beam energy and density of fuel pellet. Our calculations show that with decreasing the stopping range of particle, the deposited energy is enhanced. In the same temperature and fuel density, carbon has less stopping range and more deposited energy but higher energy is needed to accelerate the beam , this causes carbon has less energy than others. However, deuteron has more stopping range and deposited energy in comparison with carbon also it has better beam gain in comparison with carbon. Stopping range and proton beam gain respect to the other fuels is placed in lower level , but the low threshold intensity to accelerate it, cause it obtain the high gain. The optimum beam gain of the proton is 150 while it is 75 for deuteron and 1 for carbon. The fuel geometry must be considered for more studies in order to increase the beam gain.
O roli estetyki w historii późnego antyku, czyli Moniki Ożóg opisanie polityki religijnej Teoderyka Wielkiego, rec. książki: Monika Ożóg, Inter Duas Potestates. Polityka religijna Teoderyka Wielkiego, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2012, 314 s
Authors: Spychała Dariusz
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Monika Ożóg, Inter Duas Potestates. Polityka religijna Teoderyka Wielkiego, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2012, 314 s.
O Celtach...
Authors: Ciesielski Mariusz
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Kalisia–Keltoi. Materiały z  I  Kaliskiej Sesji Starożytniczej, Kalisz 12 czerwca 2012 r., pod red. L. Tomczaka i D. Waszaka, Wydawnictwo Napoleon V, Kalisz–Oświęcim 2013, 98 s., z ilustracjami i mapami
One year B-vitamins increases serum and whole blood folate forms and lowers plasma homocysteine in older Germans
Authors: Kirsch Susanne H. , Herrmann Wolfgang , Kruse Vera , Eckert Rudolf , Gräber Stefan , Geisel Jürgen , Obeid Rima
Published: October 2014

We aimed to study the effect of long-term supplementation of B-vitamins on folate forms in serum and whole blood (WB) in elderly German subjects.

59 participants (mean age 67 years) were randomized to daily receive either vitamin D

B-vitamins supplementation for 6 months led to higher concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF) in serum (mean 49.1 vs. 19.6 nmol/L) and WB (1332 vs. 616 nmol/L). Also non-methyl-folate concentrations in serum and WB were higher after 6 months with B-vitamins supplementation. Unmetabolized folic acid (UFA) increased after supplementation. tHcy concentration was lowered after 1 year of B-vitamin supplementation (mean 13.1 vs. 9.6 μmol/L). A stronger reduction of tHcy after 1 year was found in participants who had baseline level >12.5 μmol/L (mean 17.0 vs. 11.9 μmol/L) compared to those with baseline tHcy lower than this limit (mean 9.1 vs. 7.4 μmol/L). In contrast, the increases in serum and WB 5-methylTHF were comparable between the two groups.

One year B-vitamins supplementation increased the levels of 5-methylTHF and non-methyl-folate in serum and WB, normalized tHcy, but caused an increase in the number of cases with detectable UFA in serum. Lowering of tHcy was predicted by baseline tHcy, but not by baseline serum or WB 5-methylTHF.
An approach to establish the uncertainty budget of catalytic activity concentration measurements in a reference laboratory
Authors: Rami Laura , Canalias Francesca
Published: October 2014

Reference laboratories providing reference services recognized by the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) must be accredited as calibration laboratories according to ISO 17025 and ISO 15195. These standards require laboratories to establish an uncertainty budget, in which the uncertainty contributions of the relevant uncertainty components are specified. We present a model to estimate the measurement uncertainty of creatine kinase catalytic activity concentration results obtained by IFCC primary reference measurement procedure.

The measurement uncertainty has been estimated by following the next steps: 1) specification of the measurand; 2) identification of the most relevant uncertainty sources; 3) estimation of standard uncertainties by either type A or type B evaluation; 4) estimation of combined uncertainty while taking into account sensitivity coefficients, as well as existence of correlated uncertainty sources; and 5) estimation of expanded uncertainty with a defined coverage probability.

The estimated expanded uncertainty was 2.2% (

The present model is an approach to establish the uncertainty budget of primary reference procedures for the measurement of the catalytic activity concentration of enzymes, and aims at being an example to be followed by other reference laboratories, as well as by laboratories that carry out primary reference measurement procedures.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in the general population – defining reference populations for the determination of the 99th percentile in the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Zeller Tanja , Ojeda Francisco , Brunner Fabian J. , Peitsmeyer Philipp , Münzel Thomas , Binder Harald , Pfeiffer Norbert , Michal Matthias , Wild Philipp S. , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J.
Published: October 2014

The 99th percentile of cardiac troponin levels, determined in a reference population, is accepted as threshold for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is no common consensus of how to define the reference population. The aim of the present study was to determine 99th percentile reference values, determined by a high-sensitivity assay (hsTnI), according to different health status and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in a large population-based sample.

Troponin I was determined using the Abbott ARCHITECT STAT highly sensitive troponin I immunoassay in 4138 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study.

hsTnI was detectable in 81.6% of all individuals. The 99th percentile of the overall population was 27 ng/L. Age and gender had a prominent influence on these values. Exclusion of individuals with elevated natriuretic peptide levels or cardiac abnormalities resulted in lower 99th percentile values, whereas exclusion of individuals with an impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or with prevalent coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) did not result in a meaningful change.

Troponin I, measured by a high-sensitivity assay, can be reliably detected in the vast majority of the general population. hsTnI values were dependent on age, gender as well as structural and functional cardiac abnormalities.
Seed Yield and Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as Influenced by Staggered Sowing and Organic Fertilizer Application in the Humid Tropics
Authors: Oshundiya F.O. , Olowe V.I.O. , Sowemimo F.A. , Odedina J.N.
Published: October 2014

Two field experiments were conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7° 15′ N, 3° 25′ E, altitude 140 m above sea level) in south western Nigeria between June and November,
Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana Wallr.) Resistance Breeding Utilizing Wild Helianthus Species
Authors: Jan C. C. , Liu Z. , Seiler G. J. , Velasco L. , Perez-Vich B. , Fernandez-Martinez J.
Published: October 2014

Wild
Defining and Distinguishing Homeland from National Security and Climate-Related Environmental Security, in Theory and Practice
Authors: O’Sullivan Terrence M. , Ramsay Jim
Published: October 2014

The worsening effects of human-caused climate change, as well as issues most American view as “homeland security” (HS) can be seen in the news almost every day. Yet most in the general public and even many in security-related fields do not connect the two arenas, even though climate change, and interrelated resource competition and conflicts that together make up the growing field of environmental security (ES), are increasingly important risk and response variables for homeland security and emergency management. Current climate change effects are already destructive and volatile, but the future projected impacts are likely to be severe and costly to the economic, political, and social health of many nations as well as to a large proportion of the world’s population. The focus of this paper is to describe and connect the evolving concepts of environmental security, homeland security, and national security (NS). Definitions and missions for each concept are discussed, consistent with current, even if contested, practice and theory. Better comparative analysis of these unique but intimately connected realms will help advance the development of more comprehensive and sustainable security policy and strategy.
Researching multilingualism and superdiversity: Grassroots actions and responsibilities
Authors: Wei Li
Published: October 2014

The articles in this thematic issue document studies of grassroots actions in promoting multilingualism across different sectors of society as well as in different social and professional domains. In doing so, the contributors raise issues of the relevance of the notion of community in the age of superdiversity and the researcher’s responsibility in researching multilingualism and superdiversity. Questions are asked as to whether empowerment and social change should be the ultimate goal of community-based research, and how applied linguistics research could impact on policy and practice. This introduction discusses the two related issues – the relevance of the notion of community in superdiversity, and the researcher’s responsibility.
Negotiating networks of communication in a superdiverse environment: Urban multilingualism in the City of Southampton
Authors: Cadier Linda , Mar-Molinero Clare
Published: October 2014

This article explores the impact of superdiversity on linguistic practices in Southampton, UK. Our focus seeks to identify what these practices are in an environment that we describe as superdiverse, and what is influencing, determining, shaping and contributing to these practices. Southampton is characterised by twenty-first century social mobilities typical of a port city, with a workforce that consists both of those who have settled here for decades, as well as others who are part of the European “new” migration, or who belong to the large international university student population. Our findings arise from a series of linked studies exploring social and linguistic cohesion in Southampton. These provide us with data on the negotiations implicit in the networks that structure urban multilingualism, and allow us to focus above all on examining the impact of our research on the language sensitisation of these communities. We explore the workplaces in a range of sites (public and private, large and small), comprising many nationalities, ethnicities and languages, and representing microcosms of complex, social hierarchies. Our approach is a grassroots, participatory one, seeking to involve our informants with our findings and sharing our analyses and recommendations.
Revisiting discourses of language, identity and community in a transnational context through a commemorative book project
Authors: Lytra Vally
Published: October 2014

In this article, I present and discuss a commemorative book project to mark the fortieth anniversary of the Greek School of Lausanne. I examine the continuities and discontinuities of the notions of language, identity and community as these were represented through the voices of former Greek state officials, teachers and pupils. I take a long view, combining archival material with interviews and written accounts spanning the first twenty years of the establishment and development of the school. Finally, I tentatively reflect on how the book project might have impacted on the Greek community of Lausanne and its school in a period of transition.
A multilingual learning community: Researching funds of knowledge with children, families and teachers
Authors: Conteh Jean , Riasat Saiqa
Published: October 2014

This article describes the learning which takes place between children, teachers and parents in a multilingual learning community. It centres on a community-based, supplementary/complementary Saturday class where – slightly differently from the usual pattern – the aim is not heritage language maintenance as such, but to enhance the pupils’ mainstream school learning and their chances for success by promoting a “bilingual pedagogy”. This recognises the funds of knowledge that the children bring to their learning and affords opportunities for them to use their home languages in their learning. The article is based on findings from ethnographic case study research, which traces the experiences of language and learning in the home, complementary class and mainstream school of twelve children who have attended the class regularly for at least a year, and often more. In order to illuminate the scope of the data as well as the tensions entailed from different perspectives, the article foregrounds the individual voices of participants in the research. The theoretical frameworks related to language and learning that explain the findings include ecological perspectives, funds of knowledge and the dimensions of time across the generations. The key argument of the article is that the multilingual learning community has grown from and links with the history of the community as a whole. The article ends with some conclusions in relation to mainstream education and implications for the future.
What is a good conductor for metamaterials or plasmonics
Authors: Soukoulis Costas M. , Koschny Thomas , Tassin Philippe , Shen Nian-Hai , Dastmalchi Babak
Published: October 2014

We review conducting materials like metals, conducting oxides and graphene for
nanophotonic applications. We emphasize that metamaterials and plasmonic systems
benefit from different conducting materials. Resonant metamaterials need
conductors with small resistivity, since dissipative loss in resonant
metamaterials is proportional to the real part of the resistivity of the
conducting medium it contains. For plasmonic systems, one must determine the
propagation length at a desired level of confinement to estimate the dissipative
loss.
Interfacial polycondensation method used in the synthesis of polymers containing phosphorus in the main chain
Authors: Iliescu Smaranda , Ilia Gheorghe , Popa Adriana , Plesu Nicoleta , Macarie Lavinia , Davidescu Corneliu M.
Published: October 2014

Polyphosphoesters gained importance especially due to their use as flame retardants and as biocompatible and biodegradable materials for medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper presents the results obtained by our research group in the synthesis of polyphosphoesters by interfacial polycondensation. This reaction is rapid and irreversible polymerization at the interface between a phase containing one difunctional intermediate and another phase containing a complementary difunctional reactant. Different methods like liquid–liquid, vapor–liquid or solid<uni-2013;liquid were used in the synthesis of polyphosphates of polyphosphonates using aliphatic/aromatic phosphoric/phosphonic dichlorides and different diols. Aqueous NaOH, or tripotasium phosphate were used as bases. In almost all cases a catalyst is not needed.
Actinide oxalate complexes formation as a function of temperature by capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry
Authors: Brunel Benoit , Philippini Violaine , Mendes Mickaël , Aupiais Jean
Published: October 2014

Complexation of various actinides (U(VI), Np(V), Pu(V), Am(III)) by oxalato ligand was studied by capillary electrophoresis (ICPMS
detection) in 0.1 mol L
–1 NaClO4 ionic strength solutions at various temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45 and
55 ℃). For each solution a unique peak was observed as a result of a fast equilibrium between the free ions and the
complexes (labile systems). The results confirmed the formation of the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes for U(VI) and Am(III); the
formation of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes for Np(V) and the formation of only 1 complex for Pu(V). For each complex, the thermodynamic
parameters (the Gibbs energy Δ
r
G(T), the molar entropy change Δ
r
S(T) and the molar enthalpy
change Δ
r
H(T
0)) were fitted to the experimental data. The effect of the ionic medium was treated using
the specific ion interaction theory and the thermodynamic parameters at zero ionic strength were compared to previously published data.
Multimorbidity in Patients Enrolled in a Community-Based Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programme Delivered through Primary Care
Authors: Arnold-Reed Diane E. , Brett Tom , Troeung Lakkhina , O'Neill Jasmine , Backhouse Rupert , Bulsara Max K.
Published: October 2014

Background

Multimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more (2+) long-term conditions in an individual, is common among problem drug abusers.

Objective

To delineate the patterns, multimorbidity prevalence, and disease severity in patients enrolled in a community-based primary care methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programme.

Design

This was a retrospective cohort study ( n=274). The comparator group consisted of mainstream primary care patients. Electronic medical record assessment was performed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.

Results

Prevalence of multimorbidity across 2+ domains was significantly higher within the MMT sample at 88.7% (243/274) than the comparator sample at 51.8% (142/274), p<0.001. MMT patients were seven times more likely to have multimorbidity across 2+ domains compared with mainstream patients (OR 7.29, 95% confidence interval 4.68–11.34; p<0.001). Prevalence of multimorbidity was consistently high across all age groups in the MMT cohort (range 87.8–100%), while there was a positive correlation with age in the comparator cohort ( r=0.29, p<0.001). Respiratory, psychiatric, and hepatic–pancreatic domains were the three most common domains with multimorbidity. Overall, MMT patients (mean±SD, 1.97±0.43) demonstrated significantly higher disease severity than mainstream patients (mean±SD, 1.18±0.78), p<0.001. Prevalence of moderate disease severity observed in the <45-year MMT age group was 50% higher than the ≥45-year comparator age group.

Conclusions

Prevalence of multimorbidity and disease severity in MMT patients was greater than in the age- and sex-matched comparators. Patients with a history of drug abuse require co-ordinated care for treatment of their addiction, and to manage and prevent chronic illnesses. Community-based programmes delivered through primary care help fulfil this need.
Pathologisch-anatomische und morphometrische Untersuchungen am Herzen von wildlebenden Kakadus
Authors: Zeh C. , Filippich L. J. , Krautwald-Junghanns M.-E. , Pees M.
Published: October 2014

Ziel der Studie war, das Herz von Papageienvögeln aus freier Wildbahn makroskopisch sowie morphometrisch zu beurteilen und die Resultate mit publizierten Daten für in Menschenobhut gehaltenen Papageienvögeln zu vergleichen, um Erkenntnisse über mögliche Auswirkungen der Gefangenschaft auf das Papageienherz zu gewinnen.

Material und Methoden: Es wurden 84 wildlebende, bei einem Kontrollprogramm in Australien getötete Kakadus (50 Gelbhaubenkakadus [Cacatua galerita], 31 Rosakakadus [Eolophus roseicapilla] und drei Nasenkakadus [Cacatua tenuirostris]) pathologisch-anatomisch untersucht. Das Herz wurde morphometrisch vermessen und es erfolgte eine histologische Untersuchung relevanter innerer Organe.

Ergebnisse:Die Tiere wiesen durchschnittlich einen guten Ernährungsund sehr guten Bemuskelungszustand auf. Bis auf eine Blässe der Herzmuskulatur zeigte keines makroskopisch oder histologisch einen pathologischen Befund am Herzen oder an den herznahen Gefäßen. Das mittlere Herzgewicht betrug bei den Gelbhaubenkakadus 8,7 g, bei den Rosakakadus 5,3 g und bei den Nasenkakadus 8,6 g. Zwischen Herzmasse und Körpermasse ergab sich speziesunabhängig eine hochsignifikante Korrelation (r = 0,91; p < 0,001), die auch innerhalb der Gelbhaubenkakadus (r = 0,59; p < 0,001) sowie der Rosakakadus (r = 0,52; p = 0,003) als signifikant bestätigt wurde. Dieser Zusammenhang lässt sich zur Berechnung der zu erwartenden Herzmasse nutzen. Die Regressionsanalyse hierzu lautet: Herzmasse (g) = 2,9 + 0,01 × Körpermasse (g). Die relative Dicke der Wand des linken Ventrikels lag höher als Werte, die bei australischen Sittichen in Gefangenschaft erhoben wurden.

Schlussfolgerung: Wildlebende Kakadus sind im Vergleich zu Artgenossen in Menschenobhut in einem guten körperlichen Zustand und leiden kaum unter makroskopisch erkennbaren Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems. Der Trainingszustand des Herzens ist im Vergleich zu unauffälligen Papageienvögeln in Menschenobhut besser.

Klinische Relevanz:Die erhobenen Werte können als Basis für die Herzbeurteilung bei Papageienvögeln dienen, da sie anders als frühere Studien die Situation am Herzen gesunder Tiere ohne den Einfluss der Haltung durch den Menschen wiedergeben.
Análise termomecânica da madeira de Corymbia citriodora submetida a gradientes térmicos
Authors: Paula Marcos Oliveira de , Loiola Pedro Licio , Moreira Gisele Rodrigues , Segundinho Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara
Published: October 2014

A madeira, quando exposta a condições de estresse, como no caso de um gradiente de temperatura, pode levar a estrutura de uma determinada instalação ao desmoronamento. A taxa na qual a madeira se converte em carvão é determinante, em função da redução da seção resistente. A presente investigação teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento termomecânico da madeira de Corymbia citriodora submetida a gradientes de temperatura e diferentes tempos de exposição, com diferentes tratamentos (Verniz e CCB), com o intuito de minimizar o processo de carbonização. No que diz respeito aos ensaios mecânicos, pode-se afirmar que o aumento da temperatura de carbonização e do tempo de exposição das amostras ocasionou um decréscimo da resistência à compressão paralelamente às fibras do material, ocasionado fragilidade de carregamento. Os tratamentos testados (CCB e Verniz) não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios no que diz respeito ao retardo da combustão, não sendo, portanto, recomendáveis para esses fins.
Avaliação morfofisiológica em mudas de Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos durante a rustificação
Authors: Lima Paulo Ricardo , Horbach Micheli Angelica , Dranski João Alexandre Lopes , Ecco Martios , Malavasi Marlene de Matos , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho objetivou quantificar os efeitos do manejo hídrico durante a rustificação de mudas de Handroanthus impetiginosus, por meio da termometria foliar e por parâmetros morfométricos de qualidade. Os tratamentos foram: irrigação diária (controle), a cada dois, três e quatro dias, em 60 mudas por tratamento, durante quatro semanas. As mensurações envolveram a medição da temperatura foliar (TF), os incrementos na altura, no diâmetro de colo e na massa seca radicular. As quantificações da TF ocorreram ao final do ciclo de cada manejo de irrigação e, para as demais variáveis, realizaram-se as análises no início e no final da rustificação. Mudas de H. impetiginosus irrigadas diariamente apresentaram maior incremento em diâmetro em relação às irrigadas a cada três dias e as mudas irrigadas a cada quatro dias apresentaram maior crescimento do sistema radicular e redução no crescimento aéreo. Contudo, o uso da termometria infravermelho permitiu aferir a TF em mudas de H. impetiginosus durante a rustificação, verificando que, com o prolongamento do período de estresse hídrico, houve o aumento gradativo da temperatura foliar, sendo a maior delas observada em mudas irrigadas a cada quatro dias.
Avaliação do desmatamento no estado de Rondônia entre 2001 e 2011
Authors: Piontekowski Valderli Jorge , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Pedlowski Marcos Antonio , Fernandes Luis Cláudio
Published: October 2014

No presente estudo, foi avaliada a acurácia dos mapeamentos do desmatamento conduzidos pelo Programa de Monitoramento do Desflorestamento na Amazônia (PRODES) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e pela Secretaria de Estado do Desenvolvimento Ambiental (SEDAM), para o Estado de Rondônia, no período entre 2001 a 2011, utilizando imagens Landsat 5 TM. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, os mapeamentos conduzidos pela SEDAM e pelo PRODES-INPE apresentaram coeficientes Kappa similares, estimados em 0,89 e 0,87, respectivamente. Os dados do desmatamento dos sistemas PRODES e SEDAM revelaram um decréscimo nas taxas de desmatamento em todo o Estado de Rondônia no período de análise, embora os desmatamentos ilegais dentro de áreas protegidas tenham aumentado cerca de 400% entre 2002 e 2011. Assumindo-se esta tendência de desmatamento da última década, é possível afirmar que as terras indígenas e unidades de conservação (UC) em Rondônia serão os principais alvos de desmatamento e destruição nos próximos anos.
Connecting differential responses of native and invasive riparian plants to climate change and environmental alteration
Authors: Flanagan Neal E. , Richardson Curtis J. , Ho Mengchi
Published: October 2014

Climate change is predicted to impact river systems in the southeastern United States through alterations of temperature, patterns of precipitation and hydrology. Future climate scenarios for the southeastern United States predict (1) surface water temperatures will warm in concert with air temperature, (2) storm flows will increase and base flows will decrease, and (3) the annual pattern of synchronization between hydroperiod and water temperature will be altered. These alterations are expected to disturb floodplain plant communities, making them more vulnerable to establishment of invasive species. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether native and invasive riparian plant assemblages respond differently to alterations of climate and land use. To study the response of riparian wetlands to watershed and climate alterations, we utilized an existing natural experiment imbedded in gradients of temperature and hydrology found among dammed and undammed rivers. We evaluated a suite of environmental variables related to water temperature, hydrology, watershed disturbance, and edaphic conditions to identify the strongest predictors of native and invasive species abundances. We found that native species abundance is strongly influenced by climate‐driven variables such as temperature and hydrology, while invasive species abundance is more strongly influenced by site‐specific factors such as land use and soil nutrient availability. The patterns of synchronization between plant phenology, annual hydrographs, and annual water temperature cycles may be key factors sustaining the viability of native riparian plant communities. Our results demonstrate the need to understand the interactions between climate, land use, and nutrient management in maintaining the species diversity of riparian plant communities. Future climate change is likely to result in diminished competitiveness of native plant species, while the competitiveness of invasive species will increase due to anthropogenic watershed disturbance and accelerated nutrient and sediment export.
Microbial stoichiometry overrides biomass as a regulator of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling
Authors: Buchkowski Robert W. , Schmitz Oswald J. , Bradford Mark A.
Published: October 2014

Understanding the role of soil microbial communities in coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles has become an area of great interest as we strive to understand how global change will influence ecosystem function. In this endeavor, microbially explicit decomposition models are being adopted because they include microbial stoichiometry‐ and biomass‐mediated mechanisms that may be important in shaping ecosystem response to environmental change. Yet there has been a dearth of empirical tests to verify the predictions of these models and hence identify potential improvements. We measured the response of soil microbes to multiple rates of carbon and nitrogen amendment in experimental microcosms, and used the respiration and nitrogen mineralization responses to assess a well‐established, single‐pool, microbial decomposition model. The model generally predicted the empirical trends in carbon and nitrogen fluxes, but failed to predict the empirical trends in microbial biomass. Further examination of this discontinuity indicated that the model successfully predicted carbon and nitrogen cycling because stoichiometry overrode microbial biomass as a regulator of cycling rates. Stoichiometric control meant that the addition of carbon generally increased respiration and decreased nitrogen mineralization, whereas nitrogen had the opposite effects. Biomass only assumed importance as a control on cycling rates when stoichiometric ratios of resource inputs were a close match to those of the microbial biomass. Our work highlights the need to advance our understanding of the stoichiometric demands of microbial biomass in order to better understand biogeochemical cycles in the face of changing organic‐ and inorganic‐matter inputs to terrestrial ecosystems.
The Poster Presentation as Experiential Education: Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice
Authors: Bargad Adena , Corsaro Maria , McEneaney Mary-Jane
Published: October 2014

This article discusses student-prepared poster presentations as an educational tool. The poster presentation exercise is often the beginning of in-depth study, which can ultimately lead to mastery of a particular clinical topic, a presentation at a professional meeting, and/or a publication in a professional journal. As a teaching and educational tool, the poster presentation exercise in advanced practice nursing education provides an opportunity for interactive, experiential learning through the process of “learning by doing,” which unifies personal clinical experience with empirical data and didactic course material.
The Doctor of Nursing Practice and Role Assimilation: Strategies for Success
Authors: Purdue Gina , Roberts Bridget R.
Published: October 2014

The number of doctor of nursing practice (DNP) programs and graduates are presently on the rise; therefore, an increased number of master of science in nursing–prepared nurses are transitioning into the DNP role. Successful role assimilation for the DNP graduate is challenging because of internal and external factors such as role strain. Implementing strategies to facilitate role assimilation during the transition period is essential. Strategies include using a framework for DNP practice, understanding competency development and role transition, becoming involved in an effective mentoring relationship, using an evidence-based practice model for decision making, and performing a self-assessment. By engaging in these strategies, the DNP can make a smooth transition into the new role.
Evidence Principles: Caveats in Translation of Probability and Risk
Authors: Richardson Luann G.
Published: October 2014

There is little doubt that evidence-based principles have changed the way we think about clinical practice. However, there are challenges to clinical decision making that evidence alone cannot answer. Challenges include realities such as research populations not reflecting “real-world” application, inconsistent adherence to evidence-based principles within clinical practices, sophisticated decision rules overshadowing clinical experience, and gaps in care that impact outcomes. This article attempts first to demonstrate caveats of using and interpreting evidence-based principles and, second, to illustrate common evidence-based concepts which many clinicians misunderstand. These include the cascade effect, common risk difference measures, and predictive values.
Vitamin D: The Great Debate
Authors: Domeny Michael
Published: October 2014

Vitamin D deficiency has become a very contentious issue in the medical community. Inconsistent recommendations from various medical associations as well as lack of good quality rigorous studies further contribute to the confusion. Highly anticipated report by the Institute of Medicine published in 2011 failed to answer critical questions about the role of vitamin D for nonskeletal health. Unanswered questions about the long-term safety and benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain. This article attempts to summarize the existing evidence about vitamin D and provide the reader with information about the appropriateness of vitamin D supplementation for both skeletal and nonskeletal health. Controversy surrounding the issue of establishing the current standards for measuring vitamin D as well as the definitions and cut points for “deficiency” and “insufficiency” of vitamin D are explored. The role of poor health in relationship to vitamin D status is suggested as a possible contributing factor for growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
Assessing the Educational Efficacy of the Patient Pamphlet, Treatment Options for Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
Authors: Lespasio Michelle J. , Guarino Anthony J.
Published: October 2014

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the educational efficacy of the pamphletTreatment Options for Avascular Necrosis of the Hipfor patients with avascular necrosis (AVN). This pamphlet was designed to provide patients with information on 3 domains: (a) basic knowledge of AVN, (b) understanding of the risk factors associated with AVN, and (c) awareness of current AVN treatment options. The sample was composed of 20 AVN patients reflecting the racial diversity of the Eastern urban academic medical center. Fourteen (70%) of the patients were aware of their AVN diagnosis, and 13 (65%) reported of having conducted research on AVN. Prior to the presentation of the pamphlet, the AVN Assessment Inventory, a 13-item true/false test assessing the three domains, was answered by the patients (see Appendix A). The principal investigator presented to the sample the educational pamphlet for their review and the AVN Assessment Inventory for their answers once again. Results of the 2 (Time: pre/post) × 3 (Domain: knowledge, risks, treatment) × 2 (Diagnosed: yes/no) × 2 (Prior research: yes/no) mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) supported the educational efficacy of the patient pamphletTreatment Options for Avascular Necrosis of the Hip. Implications of this study are discussed.
Headache and Neck Pain From Cervicocranial Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Kawi Jennifer
Published: October 2014

This was a case of headache and neck pain that developed into a three-vessel dissection because of a noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic disease affecting the cervical and vertebral arteries called cervicocranial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Cervicocranial FMD is not a rare disease, but it remains commonly underdiagnosed. With educated and prudent health care professionals, complications could be averted and lives could be saved. Four essential themes are highlighted. First, health care professionals need to ensure that the basic use of stethoscopes in assessing bruits is performed consistently, especially for young females. Furthermore, FMD needs to be another differential diagnosis for younger patients with new onset hypertension and stroke. Second, it is important to stress that this disease can affect anyone regardless of health and/or status. Last, the third and fourth themes emphasize that education and research are lacking on cervicocranial FMD. It is imperative that health care professionals stay updated with current knowledge to prevent misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.
Using the Bartering System in Nursing: Can Service-Learning Curricula Be Bartered for Tuition Reimbursement?
Authors: Speakman Elizabeth , Hanson-Zalot Mary
Published: October 2014

To be adequately prepared to care for patients in the 21st century, nurses will need to obtain advanced degrees. However, rising tuition costs and limited tuition reimbursement may make returning to school economically prohibitive for talented and motivated nurses. This article suggests that one solution maybe the use of bartering for employer tuition dollars through the completion of service-learning course projects. Because health care organizations generally have a long list of needed but unfunded projects that need to be completed, and educators often grapple with ways to create meaningful registered nurse learning experiences, service and education working collaboratively have the potential to engage nurses in real-time projects that can improve patient care processes and outcomes.
Heretical Thoughts on the Need for Change in Our Language From Care to Protection From Harm
Authors: Peirce Anne Griswold
Published: October 2014

The word care frames our profession such that we, our employers, and our patients put great emphasis on the importance of the caring relationship and personality characteristics such as kindness and altruism to nursing. Peirce argues that the word care is limiting and may cause others to view nursing as less than important because anyone can care. Instead, she proposes that care be actualized as the act of preventing harm. Using Aristotle’s (trans. 1980) framework, she outlines the elements needed to redefine care. Peirce concludes with a new definition of care in nursing such that nursing’s primary virtue is to care by keeping the patient from harm through purposeful surveillance; through the creation and sharing of nursing intelligence; and by being responsible for ensuring appropriate, timely action by self or others.
A Systematic Review: A Collaborative Partnership on Evaluating Graduate Nursing Education in Chronic Symptomatic Disease
Authors: Kuebler Kim , Lampley Tammy , Shake Eileene , White-Hurst Elizabeth , Taggart Helen , Hagerty Debra
Published: October 2014

The Institute of Medicine, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid are engaged in initiatives to address the escalating population of patients who are living with chronic symptomatic disease. These federal initiatives, escalating costs of care, and the increasing prevalence of chronic disease has prompted an evaluation and analysis of the academic preparation for graduate nurses who will provide care and services to this growing patient population. Graduate nurses represent nursing leadership as clinicians, educators, and researchers. These professionals require the knowledge and skills to meet the burgeoning health care demands of the largest segment of the adult American population. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the existing evidence that demonstrates the inclusion of chronic disease and its associated management in graduate nursing curriculum. A collaboration of 9 doctoral faculty members representing 5 universities preformed a comprehensive review of the literature over 5 months through the use of multiple databases and several formats of search and MeSH terms. A predefined protocol was developed to reduce bias and included the objectives, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria used to guide the review. Findings revealed limitations in current curriculum regarding chronic disease education specifically related to symptom and self-management.