bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Football Point Spreads
Authors: Kochman Ladd , Gilliam Ken , Goodwin Randy
Published: October 2016

Point spreads “level the playing field” for favorites and underdogs in football. Point spreads can do the same for coaches. Those from lesser known schools are often passed over in polls for best coaches as criteria typically emphasize the national titles, bowl victories, and top rankings that accrue exclusively to big-time programs. Success against the spread creates its own poll in this study and recognizes coaches who might otherwise be overlooked for coaching honors.
Undergraduate Mathematics Courses Required and Recommended for Admission to Economics PhD Programs in the United States
Authors: Milkman Martin , Marjadi Riza
Published: October 2016

This note presents a list of mathematics courses, normally taken at the undergraduate level, which are required or recommended as part of the admissions criteria for all economics PhD programs in the United States. The data in this note were gathered through a survey of PhD program directors, retrieval of data from PhD program websites, and personal conversations with PhD program directors in the United States. All of the data were collected during the spring and summer of 2016.
Imaging Features of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children
Authors: Hartmann Alexander J. P. W. , Soares Bruno P. , Bruce Beau B. , Saindane Amit M. , Newman Nancy J. , Biousse Valérie , Peragallo Jason H.
Published: October 2016

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of elevated intracranial pressure and idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been well characterized in adults but not in children. The MRIs of 50 children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 46 adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were reviewed for optic nerve head protrusion, optic nerve head enhancement, posterior scleral flattening, increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid, optic nerve tortuosity, empty or partially empty sella, tonsillar herniation, enlargement of Meckel’s cave meningoceles, and transverse venous sinus stenosis(TSS). Compared to adolescents (11-17 years, n = 40) and adults (>17 years, n = 46), prepubescent children (<11 years, n = 10) had lower frequencies of scleral flattening (50% vs 89% and 85%, P = .02), increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid (60% vs 84% and 89%, P = .08), optic nerve tortuosity (20% vs 46% and 59%, P = .07), empty or partially empty sella (56% vs 78% and 93%, P = .007), and TSS (67% vs 93% and 96%, P = .04). Children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension have similar MRI findings as adults, but they are less frequent in prepubescent children.
Exploring the unexpected influence of the Si:Ge ratio on the molecular architecture and mechanical properties of Al-free GICs
Authors: Dickey Brett , Price Richard , Boyd Daniel
Published: October 2016

Germanium (Ge)-based glass ionomer cements have demonstrated the ability to balance strength with extended setting times, a unique set of characteristics for aluminum-free glass ionomer cements. However, the mechanical properties of current Ge-based glass ionomer cements significantly deteriorate over time, which jeopardizes their clinical potential. This work explores the effect of incrementally decreasing the Si:Ge ratio in the glass phase of zinc-silicate glass ionomer cements to identify potential mechanisms responsible for the time-induced mechanical instability of Ge-based glass ionomer cements. The influence of Ge was evaluated on the basis of changes in mechanical properties and molecular architecture of the cements over a 180-day period. It was observed that the compressive strength and modulus of the cements were sustained when Si:Ge ratios were ≥1:1, but when Si:Ge ratios are <1:1 these properties decreased significantly over time. These mechanical changes were independent of structural changes in the glass ionomer cement matrices, as the level of metal–carboxylate crosslinks remained constant over time across the various Si:Ge ratios explored. However, it was noted the temporal decline of mechanical properties was proportional to the increased release of degradation byproducts, in particular Ge that was released from the cements in substantially greater quantities than other glass constituents. Unexpectedly, the slowest setting cement (Si:Ge 1:1) was also the strongest; behavior that is uncommon in Si-based glass ionomer cements, supports the potential of Ge-containing glass ionomer cements as injectable bone cements in applications such as percutaneous vertebroplasty.
Understanding drug release from PCL/gelatin electrospun blends
Authors: Munj Hrishikesh R , Lannutti John J , Tomasko David L
Published: October 2016

Electrospinning is one of the efficient processes to fabricate polymeric fibrous scaffolds for several biomedical applications. Several studies have published to demonstrate drug release from electrospun scaffolds. Blends of natural and synthetic electrospun fibers provide excellent platform to combine mechanical and bioactive properties. Drug release from polymer blends is a complex process. Drug release from polymer can be dominated by one or more of following mechanisms: polymer erosion, relaxation, and degradation. In this study, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)–gelatin blends are investigated to understand release mechanism of Rhodamine B dye. Also, this article summarizes the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on drug loading and release from PCL–gelatin fibers. Results indicate that release media diffusion is a dominant mechanism for PCL–gelatin electrospun fibers. Thickness of electrospun mat becomes critical for blends with gelatin. As gelatin is highly soluble in water and has tendency of gelation, it affects diffusion of release media in and out of scaffold. This article is a key step forward in understanding release from electrospun blends.
The urban renovation of Marseille in Luc Besson’s Taxi series
Authors: Celik Rappas Ipek A.
Published: October 2016

Similar to other post-industrial European cities, Marseille has been going through a process of intense urban renewal over the last 20 years. The symptoms of these changes were indicated in the action film series Taxi as early as the 1990s, when the renewal was beginning to take shape. Four films shot between 1998 and 2007, written and produced by Luc Besson, reflect the urgency felt by the government and commerce in Marseille to promote the city as the Mediterranean capital of global finance and tourism. This article first examines the process of urban renovation in Marseille. After a brief discussion on the city’s representation in cinema, the article considers the film industry’s interest in post-industrial urban spaces. Finally, it explores how the Taxi series prefigures the city that the urban renewal aspires to: a Marseille rendered more attractive for investments and tourists thanks to increased security measures and sanitised ethnic diversity.
(N)ostalgie? Communism in French literature since 1989
Authors: Bowd Gavin
Published: October 2016

In recent years, the burgeoning field of research on ‘post-communist nostalgia’ has concentrated mainly on the former Eastern bloc, with Ostalgie for the GDR of particular interest. Study of the memory of communism in Western countries such as France has been marginal. However, communism has left a considerable trace on French culture and politics. This article examines the memory of communism in French literature published since 1989. The novels of Bernard Chambaz, Aurélie Filippetti and Michel Houellebecq express affection and even longing for the lost world of communism, while reflecting lucidly on the failure of ‘really existing socialism’ and marking a break with previous generations. To varying degrees, these writers evoke the crisis of a France decentred and disoriented by social liberalisation, globalisation and migratory flows. Beyond any reflective nostalgia for communism, there appears, between the lines, a nostalgia for a certain France.
Experimental study of self-recirculating casing treatment in a subsonic axial flow compressor
Authors: Wang Wei , Chu Wuli , Zhang Haoguang , Wu Yanhui
Published: October 2016

Parametric studies of recirculating casing treatment were experimentally performed in a subsonic axial flow compressor. The recirculating casing treatment was parameterized with injector throat height, injection position, and circumferential coverage percentage. Eighteen recirculating casing treatments were tested to study the effects on compressor stability and on the compressor overall performance at three blade speeds. The profiles of recirculating casing treatment were optimized to minimize the losses generated by air recirculation. In the experiment, the stalling mass flow rate, total pressure ratio, and adiabatic efficiency of the compressor were measured to study the steady-state effects on the compressor performance of recirculating casing treatments, and static pressure disturbances on the casing wall were monitored to study the influence on stall dynamics. Results indicate that both the compressor stability and overall performance can be improved through recirculating casing treatment with appropriate geometrical parameters for all the test speeds. The influence on stall margin of one geometric parameter often depends on the choice of others, i.e. the interaction effects exist. In general, the recirculating casing treatment with a moderate injector throat and a large circumferential coverage is the optimal choice to enhance compressor stability. The injector of recirculating casing treatment should be placed upstream of the blade tip leading edge and the injector throat height should be lower than four times the rotor tip gap for the benefits of compressor efficiency. At 71% speed, the blade tip loading is decreased through recirculating casing treatment at the operating condition of near peak efficiency and increased near stall. Moreover, the outlet absolute flow angle is reduced in the tip region and enhanced at lower blade spans for both operating conditions. The stall inceptions are not changed with the implementation of recirculating casing treatment for all the test speeds, but the stall patterns are altered at 33% and 53% speeds, i.e. the stall with two cells is detected in the recirculating casing treatment compared with the solid casing with only one stall cell.
“Promoting Early Presentation” intervention sustains increased breast cancer awareness in older women for three years: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaushal Aradhna , Ramirez Amanda J , Warburton Fiona , Forster Alice S , Linsell Louise , Burgess Caroline , Tucker Lorraine , Omar Lynne , Forbes Lindsay JL
Published: October 2016

Objective

In a randomized controlled trial, the Promoting Early Presentation intervention increased older women’s breast cancer awareness after two years. We investigated whether this increase was sustained at three years, and the effect on breast screening self-referral.

Methods

We randomly allocated 867 women attending their final invited breast screening appointment to the Promoting Early Presentation intervention or usual care. We examined breast cancer awareness after three years and breast screening self-referrals after four years.

Results

Women in the Promoting Early Presentation intervention arm had higher breast cancer awareness at three years than the usual care arm (odds ratio: 10.4; 95% confidence interval: 3.1 to 34.8). There were no differences in proportions self-referring for breast screening between arms, but statistical power was limited.

Conclusion

The Promoting Early Presentation intervention has a sustained effect on breast cancer awareness in older women. The effect on self-referral for breast screening is unclear.
Update on the prevention of death from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Jacomelli Jo , Summers Lisa , Stevenson Anne , Lees Tim , Earnshaw Jonothan J
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To monitor the early effect of a national population screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysm in 65-year-old men.

Setting

The study used national statistics for death rates from abdominal aortic aneurysm (Office of National Statistics) and hospital admission data in England (Hospital Episode Statistics).

Methods

Information concerning deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm (ruptured and non-ruptured) (1999–2014) and hospital admissions for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2000–2015) was examined.

Results

The absolute number of deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm in men and women aged 65 and over has decreased by around 30% from 2001 to 2014, but as the population has increased, the relative reduction was 45.6% and 40.0%, respectively. Some 65% of all abdominal aortic aneurysm deaths are in men aged over 65; women aged 65 and over account for around 31%. Deaths from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in men aged 60–74 (the screened group) appear to be declining at the same rate as in men aged 75 and over. The relative decline in admissions to hospital with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm may be greater in men and women aged 60–74 (which contains the screened group of men), than those older, giving the first possible evidence that abdominal aortic aneurysm screening is having an effect.

Conclusion

The death rate from abdominal aortic aneurysm is declining rapidly in England. There is the first evidence that screening may be contributing to this reduction.
Numerical modeling of the flow in the squeeze film dampers with oil feed groove by computational fluid dynamic analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen-lin , Zhang Guang-hui , Wen Jian-quan , Liu Zhan-sheng
Published: October 2016

Squeeze film dampers are widely applied in high rotating speed machinery to reduce vibration, add damping and increase the stability of the system. The traditional method of squeeze film dampers analysis usually involves a complicated calculation program that is limited to a simplified physical model. In this study, the feasibility of applying commercial code ANSYS-FLUENT to study the characteristics of the squeeze film damper is investigated, where the dynamic mesh method is employed. The Zwart–Gerber–Belamri model is applied to simulate the cavitation phenomenon in squeeze film damper. By numerical simulation, the dynamic pressure distribution and oil film force are obtained and then the damping coefficients are acquired. The effect of the cavitation model on the damping coefficients and inertia coefficients is obtained. The parametric study including the squeeze film damper clearance, length and whirl frequency is carried out. The result indicates that the use of the cavitation model will reduce the amplitude of the dynamic oil film force and the hysteresis phenomenon can be observed. It leaves room for further improvement on this method.
Relationship cognitions and longitudinal trajectories of sexual risk behavior among young gay and bisexual men: The P18 cohort study
Authors: Cook Stephanie H , Halkitis Perry N , Kapadia Farzana
Published: October 2016

This study examines how romantic relationship cognitions are associated with changes of condomless anal sex among emerging adult gay and bisexual men. The sample was drawn from four waves of a prospective cohort study ( N = 598; Mage = 18.2). Results suggest that condomless anal sex increased over the emerging adulthood period. Romantic relationship fear was associated with increased receptive condomless anal sex. Perceptions of greater romantic relationship control increased the likelihood of having insertive and receptive condomless anal sex. Findings suggest that romantic relationship cognitions are important to consider when understanding longitudinal changes in condomless anal sex in this population.
Adipocytes do not significantly contribute to plasma angiotensinogen
Authors: Koizumi Masahiro , Niimura Fumio , Fukagawa Masafumi , Matsusaka Taiji
Published: October 2016

Recently, it has been reported that 25% of plasma angiotensinogen (Agt) is derived from fat. Meanwhile, liver-specific Agt knockout (KO) mice have markedly low plasma Agt, which may be due to reduced fat mass. To study the contribution of the fat to plasma Agt, we tested whether increasing fat mass can elevate plasma Agt and blood pressure in liver- Agt KO mice. Epididymal fat mass in liver- Agt KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) was 4.1-fold larger than that in liver- Agt KO mice on a normal-fat diet (NFD). The liver- Agt KO mice on NFD were hypotensive with low levels of plasma Agt (on average, 0.11 vs 2.38 μg/ml). HFD slightly increased plasma Agt (0.17 μg/ml) without increase in blood pressure. To further increase fat mass, liver- Agt KO mice were fed HFD and simultaneously supplemented with low-dose angiotensin II and compared with control mice. Fat mass was comparable between the two groups. However, liver- Agt KO mice had uniformly low plasma Agt (0.09 vs 2.07 μg/ml) and systolic blood pressure (78±12 vs 111±6 mm Hg). In conclusion, adipocyte-derived Agt has essentially no contribution to the plasma concentration and no impact on blood pressure compared to liver-derived Agt.
Student perceptions of Academic Service Learning: Using mixed content analysis to examine the effectiveness of the International Baccalaureate Creativity, Action, Service programme
Authors: Hatziconstantis Christos , Kolympari Tania
Published: October 2016

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme for secondary education students requires the successful completion of the Creativity, Action, Service (CAS) component (more recently renamed Creativity, Activity, Service) which is based on the philosophy of experiential learning and Academic Service Learning. In this article, the technique of mixed content analysis is employed to examine the perceptions of students in an International Baccalaureate Greek private school regarding the implementation and effectiveness of CAS. The empirical results indicate that students perceive and conceptualise volunteering activities in two contrasting dimensions, namely idealistic-humanitarian and utilitarian-instrumentalist, implying that Academic Service Learning projects may need to be adjusted to achieve their objectives.
Concerns and expectations of students participating in study abroad programmes: Blogging to reveal the dynamic student voice
Authors: Bell Robin
Published: October 2016

Study abroad programmes have become increasingly popular with university students and within academia. They are often seen as an experiential opportunity to expand student learning and development, including increases in global, international and intercultural competences. However, despite the increasing popularity of and participation in study abroad programmes, many student concerns and uncertainties remain. This research investigates initial pre-departure concerns and apprehensions of students undertaking a one-semester study abroad programme, and uses these as context for an examination of violated expectations of students during their programme. The research uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to interpret data collected from regularly updated blogs composed by students throughout their study abroad experience. The process of using blogs to collect data is less formalized than many other approaches of interpretative phenomenological analysis, enabling ‘in-the-moment’ feedback during the study abroad programme and lending greater depth to the understanding of student perceptions.
Arterioenteric Fistulae Due to Pseudoaneurysms of the Right Common Iliac and Splanchnic Vessels Presenting as Upper GI Bleed
Authors: Rao Prashant R. , Thombre Bhushan D. , Patel Ajit , Dandekar Anurag , Singh Rajinder , Joshi Rajeev M.
Published: October 2016

Arterial pseudoaneurysms are relatively rare complications of the vascular system. Many cases may remain asymptomatic for a lifetime only to be discovered incidentally, whereas others may cause fatal hemorrhage. Majority of cases present with local compressive symptoms. Rarely, it has been implicated as an etiology for gastrointestinal (GI) bleed by eroding into an adjacent bowel, with splanchnic pseudoaneurysm being more commonly responsible as compared to peripheral ones. Although rare, they are an important consideration because of the high mortality rate. They require a high index of suspicion with prompt diagnosis and expedient treatment, either surgical or endovascular. In this study, we report a case series of a right iliacoduodenal and 2 splanchnic pseudoaneurysms presenting as upper GI bleeding. These 3 cases presented with occult source of hematemesis due to the formation of arterioenteric fistula. Also discussed are the diagnostic approach used and successful treatment methods, which included placing endoprosthesis in the aorta and common iliac artery and endovascular coiling for respective cases. To the best of our knowledge, such a case of common iliac pseudoaneurysm presenting with massive hematemesis due to fistulization into duodenum has never been reported previously.
OpenFlow arbitrated programmable network channels for managing quantum metadata
Authors: Dasari Venkat R , Humble Travis S
Published: October 2016

Quantum networks must classically exchange complex metadata between devices in order to carry out information for protocols such as teleportation, super-dense coding, and quantum key distribution. Demonstrating the integration of these new communication methods with existing network protocols, channels, and data forwarding mechanisms remains an open challenge. Software-defined networking (SDN) offers robust and flexible strategies for managing diverse network devices and uses. We adapt the principles of SDN to the deployment of quantum networks, which are composed from unique devices that operate according to the laws of quantum mechanics. We show how quantum metadata can be managed within a software-defined network using the OpenFlow protocol, and we describe how OpenFlow management of classical optical channels is compatible with emerging quantum communication protocols. We next give an example specification of the metadata needed to manage and control quantum physical layer (QPHY) behavior and we extend the OpenFlow interface to accommodate this quantum metadata. We conclude by discussing near-term experimental efforts that can realize SDN’s principles for quantum communication.
Randomized geographic-based routing with nearly guaranteed delivery for three-dimensional ad hoc network
Authors: Abdallah Alaa E. , Abdallah Emad E. , Bsoul Mohammad , Otoom Ahmed Fawzi
Published: October 2016

Several routing algorithms have been proposed for efficient routing in mobile ad hoc networks, most of them consider mobile nodes embedded in two-dimensional environments. However, in reality, these networks are embedded in three-dimensional environments. Usually, two-dimensional routing algorithms have several assumptions that are not valid for three-dimensional spaces. In this article, we propose four different randomized geographic-based routing algorithms that have the following properties: (1) nearly guaranteed delivery rate, by using randomize route to overcome local minimum problems; (2) low overhead, by extracting a virtual backbone of the network and then conducting the routing algorithms over the extracted backbone to decrease the search space; (3) low path dilation, by hybridizing the new algorithms with progress-based routing which have very low path dilation; and (4) works in three-dimensional environment. The first algorithm 3DRanDom chooses the next neighbor randomly from a dominating set of the network (extracted locally). The second algorithm 3DRanDomProb extracts a dominating set and sends to one of the resulted neighbors randomly with more probability for the nodes closer to the destination. The third algorithm G_3DRanDomProb tries to progress as much as possible to the destination, if the progress is not possible, the algorithm switches to 3DRanDomProb. The fourth algorithm G_3DRanDomProb_G uses progress-based routing as much as possible, then it switches to 3DRanDomProb until it overcomes the local minimum problem and then goes back to progress-based routing. We show experimentally that these hybrid randomized routing algorithms on three-dimensional mobile ad hoc networks can achieve nearly guaranteed delivery while discovering routes significantly closer in length to the shortest path and with low overhead.
Presentation and Treatment of Poland Anomaly
Authors: Buckwalter V Joseph A. , Shah Apurva S.
Published: October 2016

Background: Poland anomaly is a sporadic, phenotypically variable congenital condition usually characterized by unilateral pectoral muscle agenesis and ipsilateral hand deformity. Methods: A comprehensive review of the medical literature on Poland anomaly was performed using a Medline search. Results: Poland anomaly is a sporadic, phenotypically variable congenital condition usually characterized by unilateral, simple syndactyly with ipsilateral limb hypoplasia and pectoralis muscle agenesis. Operative management of syndactyly in Poland anomaly is determined by the severity of hand involvement and the resulting anatomical dysfunction. Syndactyly reconstruction is recommended in all but the mildest cases because most patients with Poland anomaly have notable brachydactyly, and digital separation can improve functional length. Conclusions: Improved understanding the etiology and presentation of Poland anomaly can improve clinician recognition and management of this rare congenital condition.
Iatrogenic forearm compartment syndrome
Authors: Elmorsy Ahmed , Nutt James , Taylor Nick , Kirk-Bayley Justin , Hughes Sean
Published: October 2016

Limb compartment syndrome may be sequelae of trauma, but in the context of critical care blood sampling, arterial damage may have profound consequences. We describe a series of three cases and their progress and discuss guidelines for prevention of this potentially devastating occurrence in critically ill patients.
Queer futurity and childhood innocence: Beyond the injury of development
Authors: Dyer Hannah
Published: October 2016

Because it is so often said that children are the future, queer theory’s attention to (and searing debates on) queer futurity offers something new and important to studies of childhood. Drawing on and deepening recent attempts to meld the fields of childhood studies and queer theory, I dwell on the contradiction that results from the synchronous assumptions of the child’s a-sexuality and proto-heterosexuality to show how emphasizing sexuality within a discussion of children’s education is constructive. In the service of my interest in the renewal of thought concerning children’s psychosexual development, I offer a critical reading of the It Gets Better social media campaign (particularly, its consequent critiques and revisions). I begin with engagement of Eve Sedgwick’s 1991 seminal essay on queer childhood “How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay” and then, from there, trace contemporary queer theory’s use of the figure of the child and consideration of the impact of “innocence” on childhood. In an effort to consider the contemporary residues of historical violence on theories of “healthy” child development, I also consider how histories of colonialism and trans-Atlantic slavery extend into the future and leave traces on contemporary theories of child development.
Temporal dimensions of childhood, youth, and adolescence experiences: A conceptual discussion
Authors: Padawer Ana
Published: October 2016

This article proposes a theoretical and empirical approach to studies on contemporary childhood, youth, and adolescence, based on the idea that these categories respond to a modern and hegemonic Western expression of classification that accounts for biologically conditioned stages, through which ethnic, class, and gender particularities influence the way these social subjects experience the world. This statement implies establishing a relation between two concepts: “experiences” and “transitions.” I will explore the notion of experience as the way in which children, adolescents, and youth live through and express the world that surrounds them, emphasizing on the individuals going through the early stages of their life as active subjects in a conscious relationship with the world. The transition concept allows questioning the approach of life ages as successive and discrete stages, whether they are defined on the grounds of biology, developmental psychology, or socio-anthropological studies, and understanding ages as an ongoing process, although marked by milestones that define the life stages acknowledged in each institutional, sociocultural, and historical background. I will illustrate my argument by some fragments of my ethnographic fieldwork with children in San Ignacio, a predominantly rural location in the province of Misiones (northeastern Argentina), in the southern part of the Paraná jungle.
Experience with long-term rituximab use in a multiple sclerosis clinic
Authors: Barra Megan E , Soni Dhruv , Vo Khac Huy , Chitnis Tanuja , Stankiewicz James M
Published: October 2016

Background

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed at CD20 positive B-lymphocytes and a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The safety of recurrent dosing is not established.

Objectives

The objective of this work was to report the experience of long-term rituximab administration in a comprehensive multiple sclerosis care clinic.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective observational analysis of patients receiving rituximab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis from 2004 to 2015. Different dosing regimens were reviewed to determine whether frequency or dose may affect safety. CD19 and CD20 counts were collected to evaluate B-cell suppression during therapy. Relapses, magnetic resonance imaging activity and rituximab-related adverse events were collected by chart review and prospective database entry.

Results

Of 107 patients included, the average duration of treatment was 33.2 months. Seventy-seven patients received recurrent rituximab dosing after initiation. CD19/20 reconstitution occurred in approximately 20% of patients at 6 months, regardless of dosing strategy. Despite CD19/20 counts of 0, three patients had relapses or magnetic resonance imaging activity. Mostly mild side effects in relation to therapy were seen, with the exception of three patients requiring hospitalization for urinary tract infections.

Conclusions

In our clinic population, rituximab was well tolerated and safe with recurrent administration.
Using Pedometers to Increase the Non-Workday Steps of Hospital Nursing and Support Staff: A Pilot Study
Authors: Croteau Karen A.
Published: October 2016

Nursing is a physically active profession; however, nurses and nursing support staff may limit their physical activity (PA) on non-workdays. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a 12-week pedometer-based PA intervention on daily steps of hospital nursing and support staff from two departments, emergency (ED) and oncology (ONC). The 12-week minimal-contact, self-managed intervention was designed to increase total and non-workday PA. Twenty participants with an average age of 47.6 ± 7.1 years completed the intervention. Significant differences were found between total daily steps at baseline (8,446) and at 12 weeks (10,655; p = .014), and between workday steps at baseline (10,398) and at 12 weeks (13,056; p = 0.005). Oncology unit participants significantly increased their non-workday steps from baseline (5,850) to 12 weeks (9,829; p = .003). As part of a comprehensive intervention, pedometers can promote total and non-workday PA of nursing and support staff.
Spurn Thy Neighbour: The Politics of Indigeneity in Manipur
Authors: Haokip Thongkholal
Published: October 2016

This article examines the recurrent ‘politics of indigeneity’ in Manipur with the emerging notions of space and territoriality, and the increasing demand for ‘political space’ by marginal groups. The perpetual xenophobic anxiety and perceived threat of ‘homogenization’, which aroused the drive for ‘ethnic revivalism’ in recent years, have been dominating the state’s day-to-day ethno-political life. Treating ‘tribes as indigenous people’ and the synonymous usage of ‘indigenous people as original inhabitant’, the ethno-politics of territory translates into the ‘politics of indigeneity’. The emergent ‘indigenous tribe’ politics is a strategy not only to claim further rights and entitlements from the state but also to question the ‘indigeneity’ of certain marginal ‘others’ in the state and their rights.
Book Review: Anastasia Piliavsky (ed.), Patronage as Politics in South Asia
Authors: Verma Rahul
Published: October 2016

Anastasia Piliavsky (ed.), Patronage as Politics in South Asia. Delhi: Cambridge University Press. 2014. 485 pages. ₹895.
Teacher Openness and Prosocial Motivation
Authors: Crane Bret D.
Published: October 2016

Evidence suggests that student engagement in the classroom leads to improved learning outcomes. As a result, teachers of management have promoted ways to involve students through Socratic teaching methods, case-based pedagogy, and class discussion. These approaches to learning emphasize the use of questions to stimulate student engagement. However, as with all communication, questions are subject to interpretation and can lead to differing outcomes. Perceived motives of instructors are powerful environmental cues that inform a student’s interpretation of a question and the appropriate response. Here, I share insights from research to highlight two motives, teacher openness and prosocial motivation, that can give meaning to questions and help create an environment where questions are most likely to yield engaged students.
Optimizing the Use of Gene Expression Profiling in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyun-seok , Umbricht Christopher B. , Illei Peter B. , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , Cho Soonweng , Chowdhury Nivedita , Figueroa-Magalhaes Maria Cristina , Pesce Catherine , Jeter Stacie C. , Mylander Charles , Rosman Martin , Tafra Lorraine , Turner Bradley M. , Hicks David G. , Jensen Tyler A. , Miller Dylan V. , Armstrong Deborah K. , Connolly Roisin M. , Fetting John H. , Miller Robert S. , Park Ben Ho , Stearns Vered , Visvanathan Kala , Wolff Antonio C. , Cope Leslie
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Gene expression profiling assays are frequently used to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in hormone receptor–positive, lymph node–negative breast cancer. We hypothesized that the clinical value of these new tools would be more fully realized when appropriately integrated with high-quality clinicopathologic data. Hence, we developed a model that uses routine pathologic parameters to estimate Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODX RS) and independently tested its ability to predict ODX RS in clinical samples.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed ordered ODX RS and pathology reports from five institutions (n = 1,113) between 2006 and 2013. We used locally performed histopathologic markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Elston grade) to develop models that predict RS-based risk categories. Ordering patterns at one site were evaluated under an integrated decision-making model incorporating clinical treatment guidelines, immunohistochemistry markers, and ODX. Final locked models were independently tested (n = 472).

Results

Distribution of RS was similar across sites and to reported clinical practice experience and stable over time. Histopathologic markers alone determined risk category with > 95% confidence in > 55% (616 of 1,113) of cases. Application of the integrated decision model to one site indicated that the frequency of testing would not have changed overall, although ordering patterns would have changed substantially with less testing of estimated clinical risk–high or clinical risk–low cases and more testing of clinical risk–intermediate cases. In the validation set, the model correctly predicted risk category in 52.5% (248 of 472).

Conclusion

The proposed model accurately predicts high- and low-risk RS categories (> 25 or ≤ 25) in a majority of cases. Integrating histopathologic and molecular information into the decision-making process allows refocusing the use of new molecular tools to cases with uncertain risk.
Mesothelin Immunotherapy for Cancer: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Hassan Raffit , Thomas Anish , Alewine Christine , Le Dung T. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Pastan Ira
Published: October 2016

Mesothelin is a tumor antigen that is highly expressed in many human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma and pancreatic, ovarian, and lung adenocarcinomas. It is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy because its normal expression is limited to mesothelial cells, which are dispensable. Several antibody-based therapeutic agents as well as vaccine and T-cell therapies directed at mesothelin are undergoing clinical evaluation. These include antimesothelin immunotoxins (SS1P, RG7787/LMB-100), chimeric antimesothelin antibody (amatuximab), mesothelin-directed antibody drug conjugates (anetumab ravtansine, DMOT4039A, BMS-986148), live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes–expressing mesothelin (CRS-207, JNJ-64041757), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Two antimesothelin agents are currently in multicenter clinical registration trials for malignant mesothelioma: amatuximab in the first-line setting and anetumab ravtansine as second-line therapy. Phase II randomized clinical trials of CRS-207 as a boosting agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition for pancreatic cancer are nearing completion. These ongoing studies will define the utility of mesothelin immunotherapy for treating cancer.
Multimodality Therapy in Patients With Borderline Resectable or Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Importance of Locoregional Therapies for a Systemic Disease
Authors: Tsai Susan , Christians Kathleen K. , Ritch Paul S. , George Ben , Khan Abdul H. , Erickson Beth , Evans Douglas B.
Published: October 2016

Historically, the clinical staging of pancreatic cancer has centered on the surgical management of the primary tumor, because few effective chemotherapeutic agents were available and long-term survival was only achieved in the context of surgical resection. Such a strategy of complete oncologic surgical care is reasonable when surgery is both the principal therapy and highly effective. However, complex surgery for pancreatic cancer—often performed in older patients after a lengthy period of induction therapy—can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer present either locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. In this article, we will discuss the role of multimodality management of patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Considering that surgery has a modest impact on the natural history of pancreatic cancer in most patients, a neoadjuvant approach to treatment sequencing is favored for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, and this same rationale has been extended to select patients with locally advanced disease who demonstrate an exceptional response to induction therapy.
Cézanne: Figuring Truth in Painting
Authors: Smith Terry
Published: October 2016

Cézanne's comment, in a letter to a younger artist, “I owe you the truth in painting and I shall tell it to you,” is often cited by commentators, including other artists, exhibition curators, art historians, and philosophers. Some take it up as a pointer to the kinds of truth available to painting, and to Cézanne's in particular. This article offers a fresh interpretation of the artist's efforts to register, by painting what he called his sensations, the potentialities and the limits of what it was to see the world's presentation of itself to perception. It takes as its starting point a recent biography of Cézanne by Alex Danchev and the same author's recent edition of the artist's letters.
Matters of Life: A Review of Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life
Authors: Friedlander Eli
Published: October 2016

This essay reflects on the questions introduced by Howard Eiland and Michael Jennings's biography Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life. In particular, it considers how the biography addresses the difficult problem of drawing together a unity of life and writings in Benjamin's existence. It further seeks to assess how the conception, implicit in their book, of the relation of writing and life relates to Benjamin's own understanding of the nature of the craft of biography.
Political Philology
Authors: Steinberg Michael P.
Published: October 2016

Written at the height of the Greek/German economic standoff of July 2015, this review article finds in Stathis Gourgouris's Lessons in Secular Criticism a powerful critique of some of the legacies of Europe's attachment to Greece as well as a reactivation of some of its potentials. Arguing for a newly articulated referentiality between the classical tradition and the streets of contemporary Athens, Gourgouris provides a kind of political philology, a sense of every generation's potential emancipatory activation of language. Political philology might be understood to operate as a frontal critique of political theology and partner to the secular humanism proposed by Edward Said. The political and aesthetic activation of secular criticism involves a practical poetics as well as a critique of the conceits of the postsecular, of the notion of a political theology, and the claims of heteronomy.
Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes – machineries and regulation
Authors: Progida Cinzia , Bakke Oddmund
Published: October 2016

The bidirectional transport between the Golgi complex and the endocytic pathway has to be finely regulated in order to ensure the proper delivery of newly synthetized lysosomal enzymes and the return of sorting receptors from degradative compartments. The high complexity of these routes has led to experimental difficulties in properly dissecting and separating the different pathways. As a consequence, several models have been proposed during the past decades. However, recent advances in our understanding of endosomal dynamics have helped to unify these different views. We provide here an overview of the current insights into the transport routes between Golgi and endosomes in mammalian cells. The focus of the Commentary is on the key molecules involved in the trafficking pathways between these intracellular compartments, such as Rab proteins and sorting receptors, and their regulation. A proper understanding of the bidirectional traffic between the Golgi complex and the endolysosomal system is of uttermost importance, as several studies have demonstrated that mutations in the factors involved in these transport pathways result in various pathologies, in particular lysosome-associated diseases and diverse neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Allegri Massimo , Montella Silvana , Salici Fabiana , Valente Adriana , Marchesini Maurizio , Compagnone Christian , Baciarello Marco , Manferdini Maria Elena , Fanelli Guido
Published: October 2016

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a chronic pain syndrome in the lower back region, lasting for at least 3 months. CLBP represents the second leading cause of disability worldwide being a major welfare and economic problem. The prevalence of CLBP in adults has increased more than 100% in the last decade and continues to increase dramatically in the aging population, affecting both men and women in all ethnic groups, with a significant impact on functional capacity and occupational activities. It can also be influenced by psychological factors, such as stress, depression and/or anxiety. Given this complexity, the diagnostic evaluation of patients with CLBP can be very challenging and requires complex clinical decision-making. Answering the question “what is the pain generator” among the several structures potentially involved in CLBP is a key factor in the management of these patients, since a mis-diagnosis can generate therapeutical mistakes. Traditionally, the notion that the etiology of 80% to 90% of LBP cases is unknown has been mistaken perpetuated across decades. In most cases, low back pain can be attributed to specific pain generator, with its own characteristics and with different therapeutical opportunity. Here we discuss about radicular pain, facet Joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, pain related to lumbar stenosis, discogenic pain. Our article aims to offer to the clinicians a simple guidance to identify pain generators in a safer and faster way, relying a correct diagnosis and further therapeutical approach.
Enforcement of Ineffectiveness of Unlawfully Modified Public Contracts
Authors: Simovart Mari Ann
Published: October 2016

Any substantial modification of a public contract needs to be carried out via a new award procedure, and failure to conduct that procedure can lead to ineffectiveness of the relevant contract. However, ineffectiveness of an unlawfully modified public contract can be accompanied by the wider legal implications and fundamental contradictions that this article is intended to ‘map’. To this end, the article firstly analyses questions related to establishing locus standi of third parties in public-contract modification disputes, using US government contract law as a reference point. Secondly, the scope of and collateral implications following from a case of contract ineffectiveness are examined.
The Landlord’s Limited Right to Terminate a Residential Lease Contract: Estonian Law in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Hussar Ave , Kull Irene
Published: October 2016

The article addresses the core question of striking balance between landlords’ and tenants’ interests in connection with the creation of security in tenancy relations. Secure tenancy relations are analysed in consideration of the need for stability. The piece elaborates on one aspect of secure tenancy, asking on what conditions the landlord has the right to terminate a tenancy contract for reasons other than factors stemming from the tenant’s sphere of risk, in the case of lease contracts concluded for both an unspecified and a specified term. This core question is addressed for the purpose of finding a position for Estonian regulation on a relative scale in comparison with Latvian, Lithuanian, German, Swiss, Finnish, and Swedish law. The authors provide an overview of legal regulation of tenancy relations in the countries compared, consider the most important policy questions involved, and develop a relative scale suitable for the various regulatory regimes compared in the article.
Comportamento Organizacional: diferenças na produção empírica entre psicologia e Administração
Authors: Vieira Jeanine Ângela , Anjos Alex Costa , Oliveira Silva Lígia Carolina
Published: October 2016

O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu na realização de uma análise de como o tema de Comportamento Organizacional está sendo estudado tanto por pesquisadores da área de Psicologia como da área de Administração atualmente no Brasil. Este estudo se distingue das outras revisões publicadas sobre o tema ao comparar duas áreas do conhecimento que se intercalam em relação ao Comportamento Organizacional. Os critérios utilizados para selecionar os artigos foram: publicações entre 2009 e 2014; escrito por psicólogos ou administradores; publicados em periódicos brasileiros avaliados pela CAPES. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de análises descritivas e de tendência central. Foram observados também os principais temas e objeto de estudo, de forma comparativa, nas duas áreas. No total, foram analisados 302 artigos, dentre os quais 132 eram de Administração e 130 de Psicologia. Dentre estes, 25 artigos tinham autores tanto da Psicologia quanto da Administração, enquanto 15 apresentaram autores de outras áreas. Foi verificada predominância de investigações sobre comprometimento, estresse, e satisfação.