bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networking, Exclusion and Negotiated Visibility: Feminist and Anti-Racist Social Media Debaters’ Endurance Strategies
Authors: Larsson Sofia
Published: October 2018

Since the rise of the Internet, there has been a growing interest in research on its implications for democracy and participation. This article contributes to the research on online citizen political participation with a bottom-up, grassroots perspective that focuses on non-professional and individual actors. Through interviews with 15 young Swedish bloggers and social media debaters involved in feminist, anti-racist and leftist politics, the present article explores the conditions for citizen participation, as well as the benefits and impediments to being a blogger and social media debater. The conclusion is that while engaged citizens focused on feminism and anti-racism have many negative experiences, strategies enabled by social media use give them access to a support system that is fundamental to their endurance. The challenges for feminists and women online seem to be the same as those present at the beginning of the 1990s, but strategies for coping and resisting are now enabled by new tools. The participants in this study depend on their network for collaboration, safety, dissemination of content, support, and a sense of community, which is facilitated by the use of information and communication technologies for collaboration and dissemination.
Watchdogs in the Social Network: A Polarized Perception?
Authors: Rosa Jorge Martins , Omena Janna Joceli , Cardoso Daniel
Published: October 2018

Created in the end of 2015 and currently approaching the mark of 200 thousand followers, the Facebook page “Os Truques da Imprensa Portuguesa” [The Tricks of the Portuguese Press] posts critical remarks on the news of national media and their supposed editorial criteria. The page has often generated heated debates on the platform, either being praised for its role as a watchdog, or discredited as allegedly serving as the spokesperson for a hidden political agenda. Until recently, the anonymity of their writers was one of the arguments for this accusation, but when the identity of one of the admins was disclosed, promptly followed by the self-disclosure of both, this premise was rebutted.
This paper is focused on the reactions to the post on July 9th 2017 in which the admins revealed their names. Our goal is to evaluate the debate generated by this post, in particular concerning the polarization of positions and arguments among those that engaged with the post. To this end, we conduct a mostly exploratory research supported by visual network analysis and textual analysis. We first provide a global characterization of the page, and subsequently present some insights on the revealing post advanced by visual network analysis. Lastly, we look into textual content considering the “global mindset” of the discussion (topics, subtopics, and positionings for and against the page or the post), looking for eventual differences between the subsets of more active and less active commenters. We conclude that the engagement with the post (especially comments) was less polarized than expected, although with one notable exception, and that the relevance of the post rested more in its potential to fuel the debate around contemporary changes and practices in journalism and its multiple dimensions than in the positionings themselves.
Introdução: As Formas Contemporâneas dos Conflitos e das Apostas Digitais
Authors: Baldi Vania , Rosa Jorge Martins
Published: October 2018

Em 2017, e enquanto coordenadores do Grupo de Trabalho em Cibercultura da SopCom: Associação Portuguesa de Ciências da Comunicação, propusemos uma discussão sobre a problemática multidimensional que abrange questões jornalísticas, epistémicas, estéticas, éticas, políticas, educacionais, sociotécnicas e ciberculturais, então sob a forma de um colóquio intitulado “Targeting, Fake News e Ciberpopulismos: Entre Algoritmos e Cibercultura”, que teve lugar na Universidade de Aveiro, em co-organização com o DigiMedia e com o ICNOVA, as unidades de investigação em que cada um de nós está integrado. A riqueza e diversidade das comunicações aí apresentadas levou-nos a propor à Observatório: OBS* que acolhesse esta temática num número especial, para o qual os participantes desse colóquio poderiam submeter os respetivos textos, em conformidade com as regras de blind peer reviewing que integram a política editorial desta revista.
Combined Effects of Severity of Cleft Impairment and Facial Attractiveness on Social Perception: An Experimental Study
Authors: Tobiasen Joyce M. , Hiebert John M.
Published: October 2018

Children and adolescents provided their impressions of stimulus faces that systematically varied in attractiveness and severity of cleft impairment. The results indicated that facial attractiveness is a consistent characteristic of cleft-impaired faces. However, facial attractiveness did not moderate the negative impact of cleft impairment on social perception. Reduced severity of impairment did moderate the negativity of social perception. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the effects of cleft impairment on social perceptions are discussed.
Relationship between Cleft Severity and Dentocraniofacial Morphology in Japanese Subjects with Isolated Cleft Palate and Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Mukai Yo , Ohishi Masamichi , Miyanoshita Yasuko , Tashiro Hideo
Published: October 2018

Relationships between the width of the palatal cleft measured at paIatopIasty and the craniofacial morphology or the occlusal conditions present at approximately 4 years of age were studied in 25 cleft palate (CP) and 39 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects treated at the Dental Clinic of Kyushu University. Posteroanterior cephalograms and dental casts showed that the width of the palatal cleft was significantly correlated with wider upper facial width and posterior dental arch width in UCLP, but not in CP subjects. Cleft width was not significantly correlated with the buccolingual occlusal relationship in either subject type. The anterior occlusal relationship in UCLP was not as good as in CP subjects. On lateral cephalograms, the width of the palatal cleft was significantly correlated with vertical hypoplasia of the upper face in UCLP, but not in CP subjects. The cleft palate width appears to be related to the lateral displacement and the retardation of the downward and forward growth of the nasomaxillary complex in UCLP subjects.
Perceptual Assessment of Resonance Distortion in Unoperated Clefts of the Secondary Palate
Authors: Mayo Robert , Dalston Rodger M. , Warren Donald W.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency with which five speech-language pathologists made judgments of hypernasality during the clinical assessment of young children with unoperated and repaired clefts of the secondary palate. Among the 293 nonsyndromic patients with secondary palate clefts included in this study, 219 were between 1 and 2 years of age. Of those, 83 had undergone primary palatoplasty whereas 136 had not. The remaining 74 children were between the ages of 4 and 5 years and presented with repaired secondary palatal clefts. The results showed that the clinicians were unable or unwilling to assess hypernasality in 31% of the 1 to 2 year old children with unoperated clefts. The same clinicians failed to evaluate oral-nasal resonance balance in only 12% of the children in the 1- to 2-year age group who had undergone palate repair. Only 1 of the 74 older children (1.4%) was not evaluated for hypernasality. Possible explanations for these findings are presented and discussed.
Craniofacial Morphology of Adult Unoperated Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Capelozza Leopoldino , Taniguchi Sheyla Miki , Da Silva Omar Gabriel
Published: October 2018

The craniofacial morphology of 26 white unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (13 males, 13 females) was analyzed with cephalometry and compared with a control (normal) group. The results show that in the cleft group, the maxilla is smaller and more protruded, the lower anterior facial height is much larger, and the mandible shows well-defined differences (body, ramus, gonial angle, and mandibular plane angle).
Treatment Effects on Facial Development in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Šnmahel Zbynĕk
Published: October 2018

Retrospective studies into the effects of some aspects of treatment on facial development were based on x-ray films obtained in 58 men with unilateral cleft lip and palate operated on by palatal pushback. Because of mandibular retroposltion, individuals subjected to systematic orthodontic treatment had better sagittal jaw relations and occlusion of incisors than insufficiently treated patients. The retroposition was attained with orthodontic procllnation of upper incisors leading to a positive overjet and retraining the anterior development of the mandible. In patients with complete clefts operated on at about 6 years of age, sagittal jaw relations were more favorable than in those who had surgical repair at 4 years of age. The superior results in the group operated at a later age were due, in part, to the slighter retrusion of the maxilla. These differences were not apparent in incomplete clefts nor in patients with isolated cleft palate reported earlier. On the basis of these observations, a differentiated approach was proposed for determining the most convenient age for palatoplasty, according to individual types of clefts and their extent. The findings provided evidence of the essential role of orthodontic therapy for the configuration of the lower face in clefts.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Cleft Palate Topology in Newborn Infants with Reference to the Cranial Skeleton
Authors: Bacher Margit , Göz Gernot , Pham Thinh , Bacher Ulrike , Werner Olga , Buchner Peter , Bacher Adelbert
Published: October 2018

Objective

To describe a method of determining the three-dimensional topology of the palatal crest relative to a reproducible anthropomorphic coordinate system in newborn infants with unilateral cleft palate. For this purpose, physical models of the maxilla and face were analyzed by computer morphometry.

Design

The study was limited to infants referred to the craniofacial center during the first 11 days after birth.

Setting

The study was performed at a craniofacial center servicing a large geographic area.

Participants

The method was applied to 12 infants with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (eight patients with left-side clefts and four with right-side clefts).

Main outcome Measures

The three-dimensional topology of the palatal crest referenced to an anthropometric coordinate system was the primary outcome measure. The anthropometric reference system is defined by the tragus points and the midpoint of a line connecting the endocanthia.

Results

The topology of the maxillary crests of the patients was characterized by considerable variability. The center of the premaxilla as defined by the attachment of the frenulum was frequently displaced by several millimeters from the midsagittal plane. The displacement was to the left in infants with right-side clefts and to the right in infants with left-side clefts. The premaxilla can be rotated by more than 30° relative to the normal position. No significant retroposition of the minor segment as determined by the location of the tuber points was found. Several morphometric anomalies were found to be correlated linearly.

Conclusions

We propose that the morphologic deviations are in part caused by the neuromotor activity of the tongue and of the interrupted M. orbicularis oris. The data can serve as the starting point for a longitudinal study of craniofacial development in children with cleft palate and for studies on the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches.
Effect of Stimulus Length on Nasalance Scores
Authors: Watterson Thomas , Lewis Kerry E. , Foley-Homan Niamh
Published: October 2018

Objective

Nasalance measures were compared for speech stimuli of four different lengths.

Design

The standard for comparison was a 44-syllable passage. The 44-syllable passage was compared to a 17-syllable passage, a 6-syllable sentence, and a 2-syllable word. All stimuli were devoid of nasal consonants and were composed only of low pressure consonants and vowels.

Setting

Academic and clinical craniofacial center.

Subjects

The subjects were 20 children at risk for velopharyngeal dysfunction and 5 children without history of communication disorder.

Main outcome measure(s)

The main outcome measures were the nasalance scores associated with speech samples of different lengths.

Results

The results showed that comparable measures of nasalance can be obtained using stimuli as short as a six-syllable sentence. Both the 17-syllable and the 6-syllable stimulus achieved high criterion validity, indicating that stimuli of that length could be substituted for the longer 44-syllable passage. The two-syllable word, however, had significantly lower criterion validity and could not be used to obtain valid estimates of nasalance.

Conclusion

Valid assessment of nasalance can be achieved with speech samples as short as six syllables.
The Diamond Vermilion Flap—A New Technique for Vermilion Augmentation in Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Gur Eyal , Zuker Ronald M.
Published: October 2018

Objective

In most cleft lips patients, the vermilion on the medial aspect of the repair is deficient in height. Not many surgeons have dealt with ways to augment the height of the vermilion at this location. In the unilateral cleft lip, the repair may include the insertion of a small triangular vermilion flap from the cleft side into an incision made for it in the muco–vermilion junction of the noncleft side. We have developed a new technique to further augment the vermilion in incomplete cleft lip patients.

Method

Vermilion remnants may be present in these patients on the scar tissue between the margins of the cleft. A diamond-shaped vermilion flap based on its attachments to the orbicularis oris muscle may be transposed into the noncleft side to an incision made caudal and parallel to the muco–vermilion border. Then the triangular vermilion flap may be inserted just distal to the island flap. Using this method, the vermilion is augmented and the muco–vermilion line parallels more the white skin roll.
Unique Outcomes and Positive Contributions Associated with Facial Difference: Expanding Research and Practice
Authors: Eiserman William
Published: October 2018

Current literature on the psychosocial outcomes of living with a craniofacial difference (CFD) focuses primarily on deficits. In this paper, an alternative perspective is explored in a pilot study of 11 parents of children with CFDs and 11 affected adults reflecting on their experiences. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this pilot study begins to demonstrate the value of exploring contributional outcomes related to CFDs. The findings in this study include positive outcomes in terms of communication abilities, service to others, observational skills, inner strength, abilities to question society, a valued social circle, and perceptions of being normal because of the difference. The findings also reveal that approximately half of the parents and affected adults would not choose to remove the experience of facial difference from their lives if they have such an option. Implications for future research, practice, and ethical and policy considerations are discussed.
Single–Follicular-Unit Hair Transplantation to Correct Cleft Lip Moustache Alopecia
Authors: Reed Michael L. , Grayson Barry H.
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To present the case of an 18-year-old boy with a cleft lip scar and an obligatory need for facial hair who underwent single–follicular-unit graft hair transplantation that resulted in significant moustache hair restoration in a single procedure.

Setting:

The surgery was performed in an outpatient private practice setting using oral sedation and local anesthesia.

Results:

Advances in instrumentation technology and an increased understanding of the anatomical clustering of hair follicles into so-called “follicular units” containing one to six hairs per unit has resulted in a rapid expansion of hair restoration surgery into new areas including female–pattern alopecia, scarring alopecias, and cosmetic surgery scars. These new techniques can be employed to create natural-looking hair lines in front of artificial hair replacement systems; to improve unnatural looking, old “large-plug” hair transplants; and to correct discontinuity of eyebrows and hairlines in patients with congenital facial clefts. Increased awareness is needed to incorporate follicular-unit graft hair transplant surgery into the family of corrective surgery subspecialties.
Labial-Lingual Double Articulations in Speakers with Cleft Palate
Authors: Gibbon Fiona E. , Crampin Lisa
Published: October 2018

Objective

Labial-lingual double articulations (LLDAs) are speech errors involving simultaneous valving at the lips and in the linguapalatal region. This study investigates the frequency of LLDAs occurring for /p/, /b/, and /m/ targets and describes the linguapalatal contact patterns involved in these abnormal articulations.

Design

A retrospective study involving analysis of articulatory data from all speakers with cleft palate recorded at a research center over a 10-year period.

Participants

Twenty-seven speakers aged 5 to 62 years (median 11 years) with compensatory speech errors associated with repaired cleft palate.

Measures

The lingual component of LLDAs was identified using electropalatography (EPG). EPG data were recorded simultaneously with acoustic data. Fifteen bilabial targets (/p/, /b/, /m/) per participant were analyzed. LLDAs were identified in cases where complete linguapalatal constriction (as observed from EPG data) occurred throughout the closure phase of bilabial targets. The labial component of LLDAs was identified from clinical observations of the speakers made during productions of bilabial targets.

Results

Three speakers (11%) frequently produced LLDAs for bilabial targets. The configuration of tongue-palate contacts involved in the lingual component of the LLDAs differed in each of the three speakers: one speaker had velar constriction, another had alveolar constriction, and the third had simultaneous alveolar-velar constriction. LLDAs did not similarly affect bilabial targets in the three speakers. One speaker produced LLDAs for /p/ and /b/ targets only. Another produced LLDAs for all /m/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /b/ targets. The third speaker produced LLDAs for all /b/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /m/ targets.

Conclusion

LLDAs occurred in a minority of speakers investigated. Nevertheless, it is argued that it is important to identify LLDAs for clinical decision making and for research purposes. The results from this study add to current knowledge about abnormal articulations in cleft palate speech, but further research is needed into the precise timing of lip and tongue-palate closures and into the airflow and acoustic characteristics of LLDAs.
Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in China: Assessment of Candidate Regions
Authors: Marazita Mary L. , Field L. Leigh , Cooper Margaret E. , Tobias Rose , Maher Brion S. , Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit , Liu You-E
Published: October 2018

Objective

Although Asians have the highest birth prevalence of oral-facial clefts, the majority of gene mapping studies of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) have been in European or American Caucasians. Therefore, the objective of this study of Chinese families was to evaluate linkage and association between CL/P and 10 genetic markers in five chromosomal regions that have shown positive results in Caucasians.

Setting

Families were ascertained through nonsyndromic CL/P surgical pro-bands from hospitals throughout Shanghai, China.

Participants

Study participants included 671 individuals from 60 families with two or more members affected with oral-facial clefts. Of the 671 total individuals, 145 were affected.

Results

Ten markers from chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 17, and 19 were assessed (TGFA, MSX1, D4S194, D4S175, F13A1, GATA185H, D17S250, D17S579, D19S49, APOC2). LOD scores were calculated between each of the 10 markers and CL/P as well as model-free statistics of linkage (SimIBD) and association (TDT). None of the markers showed significantly positive LOD scores with CL/P. A significantly positive result (p = .01) was seen using SimIBD for APOC2 on chromosome 19, and a positive TDT result (p = .004) was obtained for D19S49, near APOC2.

Conclusions

This is the first gene mapping study of CL/P in China. These results indicate that most of the genetic regions with positive results in Caucasian families may not be involved in CL/P found in China, although there is some positive evidence for the candidate region on chromosome 19.
Palate Re-Repair Revisited
Authors: Sommerlad Brian C. , Mehendale Felicity V. , Birch Malcolm J. , Sell Debbie , Hattee Caroline , Harland Kim
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To analyze the results of a consecutive series of palate re-repairs performed using the operating microscope and identify predictive factors for outcome.

Design:

Prospective data collection, with blind assessment of randomized recordings of speech and velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy.

Patients:

One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with previously repaired cleft palates and symptomatic velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and evidence of anterior insertion of the levator veli palatini underwent palate re-repairs by a single surgeon from 1992 to 1998. Syndromic patients, those who had significant additional surgical procedures at the time of re-repair (23 patients), and all patients with inadequate pre- or postoperative speech recordings were excluded, leaving a total of 85 patients in the study.

Interventions:

Palate re-repairs, with radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles, were performed using the operating microscope with intraoperative grading of anatomical and surgical findings.

Main Outcome Measures:

Pre- and postoperative perceptual speech assessments using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech (CAPS) score, measurement of velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy, and assessment of nasendoscopy recordings.

Results:

There were significant improvements in hypernasality, nasal emission, and nasal turbulence and measures of velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy, with improvement in the closure ratio, velopharyngeal gap at closure, velar excursion, velar movement angle, and velar velocity.

Conclusions:

Palate re-repair has been shown to be effective in treating VPI following cleft palate repair, both in patients who have not had an intravelar veloplasty and those who have had a previous attempt at muscle dissection and retropositioning. Palate re-repair has a lower morbidity and is more physiological than a pharyngoplasty or pharyngeal flap.
A Histological Study on Experimental Tooth Movement into Bone Induced by Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Kawamoto Tatsuo , Motohashi Nobuyoshi , Kitamura Atsushi , Baba Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Koichiro , Suzuki Shoichi , Kuroda Takayuki
Published: October 2018

Objective

The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine experimental tooth movement into newly generated bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

Method

After extraction of the maxillary first premolars, bone defects were surgically created in eight adult beagle dogs using a 5-mm-diameter trepan bar. According to which material was grafted into the bone defects, animals were divided into the following four groups: (1) the rhBMP-2 group in which rhBMP-2 with a poly [D,L-(lactide-co-glycolide)]/gelatin sponge complex was implanted; (2) the spongiosa group in which spongiosa from the tibia was grafted; (3) the nongrafted group in which no material was embedded; and (4) the control group in which only tooth extraction was performed. The osteoinductive activity of rhBMP-2 and tooth movement into the newly generated bone were examined by histological and morphometric comparisons of each group.

Results

Considerable new bone formation was observed at the grafted site both in the rhBMP-2 and in the spongiosa groups. The area of generated bone in the rhBMP-2 group was significantly greater than that in the spongiosa group. Newly generated bone, in both the rhBMP-2 and spongisosa groups, showed a similar histological response to orthodontic force as in normal alveolar bone in the control group. However, root resorption occurred on the pressure side in the rhBMP-2 group.

Conclusion

These results indicated that rhBMP-2 might constitute an alternative material to autogeneous bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects. Further studies regarding tooth movement into generated bone induced by rhBMP-2 are suggested.
Dental Maturity in Children with a Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Heidbüchel Kiki L.W.M. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne M. , Ophof Ricardo , Van Hooft Rian J.M.
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Dental age in children with a bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) was assessed and compared with children without cleft.

Design:

Dental age was estimated for 74 children with a complete BCLP (54 boys and 20 girls) from 364 orthopantomograms. Nonlinear regression curves were made between 5 and 14 years of age for boys and girls separately. A comparison was made with a sample of Dutch children (91 girls and 90 boys) without oral clefts for three different age groups, namely 5, 9.5, and 14 years of age.

Setting:

Data collection was carried out at the Cleft Palate Center, University Medical Center Nijmegen (The Netherlands). A sample from the Nijmegen Growth Study was used as a normative sample.

Results:

At 5 years of age, boys with a BCLP were significantly delayed in dental age compared to boys without cleft. After that age, no significant differences in dental age were found. For girls with a BCLP, no difference in dental age with the girls without cleft could be found.

Conclusion:

Dental age in BCLP showed a tendency to be delayed at 5 years of age. At the ages of 9.5 and 14 years of age, no differences were found. Further investigation on the development of individual teeth is suggested to gain more insight into the origin of this delay.
Genomic Profiling of Parathyroid Carcinoma Reveals Genomic Alterations Suggesting Benefit from Therapy
Authors: Kang Hyunseok , Pettinga Dean , Schubert Adrian D. , Ladenson Paul W. , Ball Douglas W. , Chung Jon H. , Schrock Alexa B. , Madison Russell , Frampton Garrett M. , Stephens Phil J. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Miller Vincent A. , Ali Siraj M.
Published: October 2018

Background

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy that can cause life-threatening hypercalcemia. We queried whether comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of PC might identify genomic alterations (GAs), which would suggest benefit from rationally matched therapeutics.

Methods

We performed hybrid-capture-based CGP to identify GAs and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in tumors from patients with this malignancy.

Results

There were 85 total GAs in 16 cases (5.3 GAs per case), and the median TMB was 1.7 mutations per megabase (m/Mb), with three cases having >20 m/Mb (18.7%). The genes most frequently harboring GA were CDC73 (38%), TP53 (38%), and MEN1 (31%). All MEN1-mutated cases also had loss of heterozygosity at that locus, but in contrast all CDC73-mutated cases retained heterozygosity. GAs suggesting potential benefit from matched targeted therapy were identified in 11 patients (69%) and most frequently found in PTEN (25%), NF1 (12.5%), KDR (12.5%), PIK3CA (12.5%), and TSC2 (12.5%). A patient whose tumor harbored KDR T668 K and who was treated with cabozantinib experienced a > 50% drop in parathyroid hormone level and radiographic partial response of 5.4 months with duration limited by toxicity.

Conclusion

CGP identified GAs in PC that suggest benefit from targeted therapy, as supported by an index case of response to a matched tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Moreover, the unexpectedly high frequency of high TMB (>20 m/Mb) suggests a subset of PC may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Математическое моделирование и расчет процесса деминерализации воды в промышленном фильтре Сообщение 1. Гидродинамика регенерации и отмывки промышленного фильтра
Authors: Галкина Н. К. , Комарова И. В. , Прудковский А. Г. , Хамизов Р. Х.
Published: October 2018

Изучены технологические особенности работы промышленной ионообменной колонны на примере катионитового фильтра первой ступени центральной обессоливающей установки Новочер-касской ГРЭС. Описана подготовка фильтра к экспериментам и методика их проведения. Экспериментально изучена гидродинамика процессов регенерации и отмывки. Разработаны модель и программа для описания процессов на этих технологических стадиях. Сопоставлением расчетов и экспериментальных данных показано, что гидродинамика этих процессов описывается диффузионной моделью с коэффициентами, определенными нами ранее при стендовых испытаниях.
Математическое моделирование и расчет процесса деминерализации воды в промышленном фильтре Сообщение 3. Влияние стадии взрыхления катионита на процесс регенерации и последующей очистки
Authors: Галкина Н. К. , Комарова И. В. , Прудковский А. Г.
Published: October 2018

Получены экспериментальные данные по распределению катионов очищаемой воды по слою катионита КУ-2 до и после его взрыхления путем отбора проб на разной высоте работающего ионообменного фильтра. По программе «Createscheme» рассчитаны распределения, которые хорошо совпадают с экспериментальными данными. Показано, что, при взрыхлении происходит полное перемешивание слоя катионита независимо от скорости подачи взрыхляющей воды в исследованном диапазоне скоростей потока
Математическое моделирование и расчет процесса деминерализации воды в промышленном фильтре Сообщение 4. Применение программы «Createscheme» для расчета циклического процесса деминерализации воды
Authors: Галкина Н. К. , Комарова И. В. , Прудковский А. Г. , Хамизов Р. Х.
Published: October 2018

Рассмотрен циклический процесс сорбции, взрыхления, регенерации и отмывки в промышленном катионитовом фильтре центральной обессоливающей установки Новочеркасской ГРЭС при его длительной эксплуатации. Проведен расчет всех стадий процесса по программе “Createscheme” для каждого цикла. Для одного из 18 экспериментально исследованных циклов представлены расчетные и экспериментальные выходные кривые для иона натрия в середине слоя и на выходе из фильтра.Показано удовлетворительное совпадение расчетного и определенного экспериментально количества колоночных объемов очищенной воды. Совпадение на всех стадиях процесса экспериментальных и расчетных данных свидетельствуют об адекватности предложенных математических моделей промышленному процессу водоподготовки.
Сравнительный анализ методов оценки характеристик молекулярно-массового распределения полиметиленнафталинсульфонатов
Authors: Замуруев О. В. , Вовк А. И.
Published: October 2018

Для технических полиметиленнафталинсульфонатов, применяемых в строительной промышленности, проведено сопоставление двух хроматографических методов оценки молекулярномассового распределения (ММР): высокоэффективной жидкостной (ВЭЖХ) и гельпроникающей хроматографии (ГПХ). Установлена предпочтительность метода ион-парной ВЭЖХ для получения надежных характеристик.
Исследование состава флавоноидов плодов облепихи крушиновидной
Authors: Перова И. Б. , Тринеева О. В. , Сливкин А. И. , Эллер К. И.
Published: October 2018

Проведено исследование содержания и профиля флавоноидов плодов облепихи крушиновидной (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) с помощью метода ВЭЖХ-ДМД-МС, ТСХ и дифференциальной спектрофотометрии. В плодах облепихи обнаружены флавонолгликозиды – производные кверцетина, кемпферола и изорамнетина. В плодах облепихи впервые идентифицирован кверцетин-3-рутинозид-7-глюкуронид .
Поверхностно-слойные угольно-фторопластовые сорбенты в процессах концентрирования фенольных соединений из водных растворов
Authors: Родинков О. В. , Медведев Е. И.
Published: October 2018

В работе рассмотрено применение поверхностно-слойных угольно-фторопластовых сорбентов для концентрирования фенола и изомерных крезолов c целью их последующего количественного определения методом ВЭЖХ. Особое внимание уделяется выбору наиболее эффективного сорбционно-активного материала для концентрирования фенолов. Сопоставлены возможности различных марок активных углей: БАУ-А, ФАД, ФАС, СКТ с точки зрения достигаемых коэффициентов концентрирования. Оптимизированы процесс десорбции сорбированных фенолов и условия ВЭЖХ определения аналитов, в т.ч. режим градиентного элюирования.
Разработка и валидация биоаналитической методики количественного определения иматиниба в плазме крови человека методом ВЭЖХ
Authors: Pereslytzkykh Natalia
Published: October 2018

Разработана новая высокочувствительная биоаналитическая методика количественного определения иматиниба в плазме крови человека методом ВЭЖХ с УФ-детектированием. Для выделения иматиниба из биологической матрицы использована жидкостно-жидкостная экстракция ацетонитрилом по принципу QuEChERS. Хроматографический анализ проводили на приборе Милихром А-02 соспектрофотометрическим детектированием при 260 нм. В качестве подвижной фазы использовали 0.5 % раствор калия дигидрофосфата – метанол – вода 74:25:1 с рН равным 3.3 и метанол с рН равным 3.3. Путем валидации доказана пригодность разработанной биоаналитической методики для различных фармакокинетических исследований.
Использование хлорида серебра для масс- спектрометрического исследования аминокислот на углеродных сорбентах
Authors: Пыцкий И. С. , Кузнецова Е. С. , Буряк А. К.
Published: October 2018

Проведено исследование сорбированных на различных сажах модельных соединений (пяти аминокислот) для оценки возможности их определения. Показано, что добавление к исследуемым сажам хлорида серебра позволяет повысить информативность и чувствительность определения исследуемых соединений.
Моделирование адсорбции нежестких органических молекул на графитированной термической саже методом Монте-Карло для предсказания их характеристик удерживания
Authors: Буряк А. К. , Матюшин Д. Д.
Published: October 2018

Был разработан новый вариант молекулярно-статистического метода для расчета констант Генри органических веществ на графитированной термической саже для нежестких молекул с учетом внутреннего вращения. Наблюдалось хорошее совпадение рассчитанных и экспериментальных констант Генри для ряда алканов, хлоралканов, простых эфиров и алкилбензолов.
Особенности использования дополнительных стандартов в количественном хроматографическом анализе
Authors: Прокофьев Д. В. , Зенкевич И. Г.
Published: October 2018

Основной причиной низкой воспроизводимости (повторяемости) результатов количественного хроматографического анализа являются трудно учитываемые частичные потери проб в процессе их дозирования, особенно значительные в газовой хроматографии. Компенсация этого фактора возможна в результате замены абсолютных площадей хроматографических пиков их отношениями кплощадям пиков дополнительных стандартов. Такой прием наиболее эффективен в способах внешнего стандарта и стандартной добавки, но несколько более трудоемок в методе абсолютной градуировки.Обсуждаются требования к дополнительным стандартам, а именно к выбираемым для этого соединениям, к стадиям и операциям анализа, а также к алгоритмам обработки экспериментальных данных. Специально отмечено, что для дополнительных стандартов они не идентичны требованиям к внутренним стандартам в одноименном способе. В качестве дополнительных стандартов можно использовать входящие в состав образцов растворители.
Влияние структуры бензимидазолов на их удерживание октадецилсиликагелем в условиях ОФ ВЭЖХ
Authors: Буланова А. В. , Шафигулин Р. В.
Published: October 2018

В работе изучено влияние структуры бензимидазолов на их хроматографическое поведение в условиях обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ОФ ВЭЖХ). Методом линейного регрессионного анализа получены одно- и многопараметрические уравнения, позволяющие прогнозировать факторы удерживания близких по структуре бензимидазолов.
Выделение америция хроматографическим методом
Authors: Фирсова Л. А. , Харитонов О. В. , Козлитин Е. А.
Published: October 2018

Приведен обзор результатов исследований по выделению америция методом вытеснительной комплексообразовательной хроматографии (ВКХ), проведенных в лаборатории хроматографии радиоактивных элементов ИФХЭ РАН. Разработаны способы выделения высокочистых препаратов америция из растворов различного сложного состава, в том числе из растворов, образующихся при переработке отработавшего ядерного топлива (ОЯТ).
Сорбция фосфатидилхолина сверхсшитыми полистиролами в динамических условиях
Authors: Беланова Н. А. , Синяева Л. А. , Карпов С. И. , Селеменев В. Ф.
Published: October 2018

Рассмотрены основные направления применения сверхсшитых полистиролов в качестве эффективных сорбентов для концентрирования и разделения фосфолипидов. Показана возможность прогнозирования выходных кривых фосфатидилхолина при его сорбции сверхсшитыми полистиролами с использованием уравнений феноменологической квазихимической и асимптотической смешанно-диффузионной моделей динамики сорбции для веществ, характеризующихся выпуклой изотермой сорбции. Показано влияние кинетических и равновесных параметров на размывание сорбционного фронта при учете внутри- и внешнедиффузионного  лимитирования сорбционного процессафосфолипидов.
Использование микроэмульсий для извлечения и одновременного концентрирования бенз(а)пирена из почвы
Authors: Чжан Мончжу , Толмачева Н. Г. , Пирогов А. В. , Шпигун О. А.
Published: October 2018

Микроэмульсии (МЭ) различного состава использованы в качестве экстрагентов бенз(а)пирена (БаП) из почвы с последующим расслоением МЭ, одновременным концентрированием БаП в органической фазе и его определением методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ). Расслоение МЭ осуществляется добавлением избытка хлорида кальция и осаждением малорастворимой соли додецилсульфата кальция. Определены коэффициенты концентрирования БаП в органической фазе, образующейся после расслаивания МЭ. Обсуждены достоинства предложенного подхода по сравнению с существующими аттестованными методиками определения БаП.
Сорбционные и физико-химические характеристики целлюлозосодержащих сорбентов, модифицированных гетарилформазанами
Authors: Первова И. Г. , Маслакова Т. И. , Желновач А. В. , Маслаков П. А. , Симонова Е. И. , Вураско А. В.
Published: October 2018

Методом иммобилизации гетарилформазанов на целлюлозные матрицы-носители синтезированы новые сорбенты, применимые для концентрирования и экспресс-определения ионов меди(II) и ртути(II). Изучены закономерности адсорбции на целлюлозную матрицу формазановых реагентов, установлено влияние природы и количества заместителей в составе молекулы реагента на химико-аналитические характеристики получаемых тест-систем для оценки качества водных сред.
Сравнение сорбционных свойств нативного и термически модифицированного доломита по отношению к катионам железа
Authors: Калюкова Е. Н. , Нефедьева Т. А. , Благовещенская Н. В.
Published: October 2018

Исследован процесс адсорбции катионов железа из растворов на природном сорбенте – доломит. Получены количественные характеристики процесса адсорбции катионов железа(III). Установлена более высокая адсорбционная способность катионов железа в комбинации с термически модифицированным доломитом по сравнению с нативным фильтрующим материалом.
Исследования сорбционных свойств обратноосмоти- ческой эфирсульфонполиамидной мембраны мето- дами рентгенодифрактометрии и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии
Authors: Головин Ю. М. , Лазарев С. И. , Яновская Э. Ю. , Лазарев Д. С. , Вязовов С. А. , Ковалева О. А.
Published: October 2018

Проведены исследования структурных свойств композиционной обратноосмотической эфирсульфонполиамидной мембраны ESPA1 методами рентгенодифрактометрии и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии (ДСК). Установлено, что в процессе водо-набухания эфирсульфонполиамидной мембраны наблюдается уменьшение рентгеновской степени кристалличности (СК). Дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия ДСК надежно фиксирует эндотермический пик бимодальной формы при температурах 250 и 2540 С, отвечающих за плавление кристаллических фаз. Снижение степени кристалличности при сорбции воды, скорее всего, связано с перераспределением соотношения между количеством совершенных по структуре кристаллических фаз в кристаллитах полиамида 6.6, имеющих разные величины энтальпии плавления.
Влагопоглощающая способность редкосшитого полимерного материала со свойствами суперабсорбента
Authors: Лавлинская М. С. , Кузнецов В. А. , Останкова И. В. , Селеменев В. Ф. , Семенов В. Н. , Лукин А. Л.
Published: October 2018

Осуществлен синтез редкосшитого гидрофильного полимерного материала со свойствами суперабсорбента, содержащего добавки минеральных элементов и гуминовых кислот. Гравиметрическим методом изучено набухание синтезированных образцов в воде и водном растворе хлорида алюминия. Установлено, что повышение содержания сшивающего агента, как и введение добавок в матрицу полимера, приводит к уменьшению степени набухания полимеров. Показана эффективность синтезированных полимерных материалов при их использовании в качестве суперабсорбента при выращивании ячменя. Внесение их в почву в количестве 10-20 кг/га способствует повышению урожайности культуры на 25 % и повышению микробиологической активности почвы в 2 раза
Лекарственные препараты, лекарственные растения и БАДы с антиоксидантной активностью
Authors: Яшин Я. И. , Веденин А. Н. , Яшин А. Я.
Published: October 2018

Во введении описана роль окислительного стресса, который предшествует или сопутствуетмногим болезням. Отмечена важная роль антиоксидантной терапии. Приведены типы природных антиоксидантов. Отмечена особенная роль флавоноидов, обладающих высокой антиоксидантной активностью. Приведен краткий обзор лекарственных препаратов – антиоксидантов, успешно применяемых в медицинской практике в РФ. Впервые амперометрическим методом определена антиоксидантная активность некоторых из этих лекарственных препаратов, а также поливитаминов и экстрактов известных лекарственных растений. Приведен обзор последних публикаций по результатам клинических и терапевтических испытаний наиболее сильных природных антиоксидантов, доступных в чистом виде: куркумина, кверцетина, астаксантина, дигидрокверцетина, эпигаллокатехин галлата, ресвератрола и др., применение которых для лечения сердечнососудистых, онкологических и др. тяжелых болезней, считается перспективным
Micro-sized carbon fiber: a new supporting material for microorganisms in the decomposition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in wastewater with high salinity
Authors: Van Hoa Nguyen , Vinh Thinh Phan , Thi Hoang Quyen Tran , Cong Tuan Ngo , Rudakov Oleg B.
Published: October 2018

Eutrophication, which kills fish, mussels and other animals in aquatic ecosystem, is the response tothe excess of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. In this study, activated carbon fiber prepared frompoly(acrilonitrile) PAN, a carbonaceous material of micro size with high specific area, has been evaluated tobe able to create microbiological membranes that could be used in the decomposition of nitrogen and phosphoruscompounds in wastewater with salinity up to 30 ppt. Utilization of carbon fiber in the sustainabletreatment of highly contaminated aquaculture wastewater with organic and inorganic pollutants was consideredas a promising application in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, with great treatment capacity, low system’sprice and implementation’s cost.
Оценка устойчивости антоцианов, ацилированных малоновой кислотой
Authors: Сидоров А. Н. , Дейнека В. И. , До Ван Куи , Дейнека Л. А.
Published: October 2018

В работе методом обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ оценена стабильность трех производных антоцианов из экстракта оберток пурпурной кукурузы, ацилированных малоновой кислотой: цианидин-3-(3”,6”-дималонилглюкозида), цианидин-3-(6”-малонилглюкозида), цианидин-3-(3”-малонилглюкозида) относительно удаления ацилирующей кислоты. Время, необходимое для гидролиза половины ацилированного антоциана в комнатных условиях составляет 30, 45 и 80 суток для указанных выше соединений. При хранении в бытовом холодильнике (4оС) скорость гидролиза снижается примерно в 5 раз.
Межфазное распределение хлоридных комплексов родия (III), рутения (III) в экстракционных системах на основе жидких анионообменников
Authors: Гонтарь Е. С. , Симонова Т. Н.
Published: October 2018

Методами экстракции, молекулярной абсорбционной спектрофотометрии, ИК-спектроскопии, электронной микроскопии, эмиссионного спектрального анализа с индуктивно-связанной плазмой изучено межфазное распределение ассоциатов хлоридных комплексов родия(III), рутения(III) с жидкими анионообменниками в хлороформе. Установлены закономерности, связывающие строение и свойства первичных алкиламинов С12–С18, разнорадикальных третичных алкиламинов с их способностью экстрагировать [RhCl6]3–, [RuCl6]3–.
Антоцианы плодов винограда: идентификация в условиях градиентной ВЭЖХ и разделение методом флэш-хроматографии
Authors: Макаревич С. Л. , Дейнека В. И. , Чулков А. Н. , Дейнека Л. А. , Селеменев В. Ф.
Published: October 2018

В работе методом обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ с диодно-матричным и масс-спектроскопическим детектированиями исследован состав антоцианового комплекса плодов популярного местного сорта винограда неизвестной селекции. По появлению производных 3,5-диглюкозидов установлен гибридный характер данного сорта винограда. Показано, что вследствие сольватохромного эффекта количественная оценка видового состава по площадям пиков осложнена, однако при сопоставлении спектров, записанных при различном содержании в подвижной фазе ацетонитрила, найдена особая точка, при которой величина поглощения при СФ-детектировании не зависит от состава растворителя. Для выполнения анализа антоцианов винограда в изократических условиях предложен вариант флэш-хроматографии, позволяющий отделить неацилированные компоненты от ацилированных с использованием насадочных картриджей для твердофазной экстракции
Planar complexation chromatography of transition metal ions
Authors: Малахова И. И. , Красиков В. Д. , Горшков Н. И. , Беляев А. Н. , Староверов С. М.
Published: October 2018

The method for analysis of transition metal ions (Zn(II), Cu(II), Со(II), Ni(II), Fe(III)) by high-performance planar (thin layer) chromatography with the use of sorbents modified by chelating fragments of iminodiacetic acid was developed. The correlation between retention factor (Rf) and physico-chemical parameters of the separated systems was studied. It was demonstrated that unlike the pH value, ionic strength of a solution does not exert significant influence on resolution and mobility of transition metal cations
Модифицирование поверхности адсорбента для очистки воды ионами алюминия и серебра
Authors: Котельникова Т. А.
Published: October 2018

Изучено влияние модифицирования поверхности однородно широкопористого силохрома ионами алюминия и серебра на сорбцию веществ – примесей и моделирующих примеси в питьевой воде. Методом нелинейной газовой хроматографии изучена сорбция предельных и ароматических углеводородов, их хлор- и кислородсодержащих производных, аминов. Показано, что модифицирование поверхности кремнеземных сорбентов катионами серебра увеличивает гидрофильность поверхности и сорбцию полярных веществ. Модифицирование поверхности силохрома ионами алюминия увеличивает сорбцию как полярных, так и неполярных веществ многократно, практически не изменяя структурных характеристик адсорбента