bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis in Two Infants After Hypothermic Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Glover M. T. , Catterall M. D. , Atherton D. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two infants experienced subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) at a relatively late age after cardiac surgery with induced hypothermia. The condition resolved in both patients over four weeks without treatment. The appearance of SCFN after the newborn period is very unusual, and in these patients was probably related to the hypothermia.
Discrete Pigmentation After Chemotherapy
Authors: Singal Rajesh , Tunnessen Walter W. , Wiley Joseph M. , Hood Antoinette F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Discrete areas of cutaneous hyperpigmentation were seen in two children with metastatic sarcoma who received chemotherapeutic bone marrow ablation with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and carbopiatin prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. The hyperpigmented patches occurred only in areas of skin occluded by tape, electrocardiogram pads, or elastic bandages. Identical skin findings were reported in five adult women who received intravenous thiotepa and cyclophosphamide. Measurable levels of thiotepa were detected in these patients'serum, skin, sweat, and occluded gauze, suggesting that the chemical was excreted onto the skin surface in sweat and accumulated under occlusive dressing, thus producing some toxic effect on the epidermis or melanocytes resulting in abnormal pigmentation. We suspect that a similar mechanism was operative in our patients to produce the unusual patterned hyperpigmentation, and suggest that this complication may be prevented by minimizing sweat accumulation in areas occluded by adhesive materials.
Scissor Excision Plus Electrocautery of Anogenital Warts in Prepubertal Children
Authors: Handley J.M. , Maw R.D. , Horner T. , Lawther H. , Bingham E. A. , Dinsmore W. W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Nineteen prepubertal children with anogenital (AG) warts were treated by scissor excision plus electrocautery under general anesthesia. Median posttreatment follow up was nine months. Minor clinical recurrences were seen in five (26.3%) children, all within three months after treatment. Recurring warts responded in all cases to home application of 0.5% podophyliotoxin (Condyline). Surgery plus electrocautery was well tolerated with no notable side effects. It is simple, safe, and efficacious, and is a suitable second‐line treatment for AG warts in children.
Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma): A Clinicopathologic Study of 178 Cases
Authors: Patrice Stephen J. , Wiss Karen , Mulliken John B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is a common acquired vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes in the pediatric age group. This is a retrospective analysis of 178 patients, 17 years of age and younger (mean age 6.7 yrs). Forty‐two percent of the lesions occurred in the first five years of life; only 12% appeared in infants less than 1 year old. The male:female ratio was 3:2. Most patients (74.2%) had no history of trauma or predisposing dermatologic condition. The mean lesional size was 6.5 mm and the mean duration at diagnosis was 3.8 months. The granulomas were most commonly located in the head and neck area (62.4%), followed in order of decreasing frequency by trunk (19.7%), upper extremity (12.9%), and lower extremity (5.0%). The preponderance (88.2%) occurred on the skin, the remaining ones involved the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and conjunctivae. Histologic examination demonstrated normal numbers of mast cells, in contrast to increased mast cells characteristic of proliferative phase hemangiomas. Most lesions (n = 149) were treated by full‐thickness skin excision and linear closure; there were no recurrences in this group. The recurrence rate in 23 lesions treated by shave (intradermal) excision and cautery or cautery alone was 43.5%.
Solitary Morphea Profunda in a 5‐Year‐Old Girl: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kobayashi Kenneth A. , Lui Harvey , Prendiville Julie S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 5‐year‐old girl had a solitary sclerotic plaque on the back of recent onset. The histopathologic features were consistent with morphea profunda. Thickening and homogenization of collagen bundles were demonstrated in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, admixed with a prominent lymphocytic and plasma cell inflammatory infiltrate. Solitary morphea profunda is a variant of localized scleroderma that has not been reported previously in childhood. Cases described in the literature as nodular or keloid morphea may represent a similar entity.
Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Bellman Betty , Wooming George , Landsman Larry , Penneys Neal , Schachner Lawrence A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A male infant had three nodules on the left cheek, right forearm, and right neck. Biopsy specimen revealed infantile myofibromatosis (IM). Further evaluation revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe located far from mediastinal structures, which had no evidence of tumor enlargement on follow‐up tomographic scan. Immunoperoxidase studies were negative for desmin and positive for actin. This is a potentially life‐threatening multiorgan system disease; however, if lesions are limited mainly to the skin and soft tissues, the prognosis becomes more favorable. Although many reports suggest spontaneous and complete healing of the cutaneous lesions, our patient had profound atrophy at lesion sites as resolution occurred.
Unilateral Eruptive Psoriasis and Lichen Striatus
Authors: Menni Silvano , Grimalt Ramon , Caputo Ruggero
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 2‐year‐old boy experienced lichen striatus localized to the left half of the body. Some weeks later he developed a peculiar form of eruptive psoriasis limited to the right half of the body. To our knowledge, unilateral eruptive psoriasis has never been described in the literature. The coincidence in this young patient of lichen striatus and this unusual form of psoriasis arising in so short a period of time leads us to hypothesize a common trigger factor.
Basidiobolomycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Bittencourt Achiléa L. , Arruda Sérgio Marcos , de Andrade Jacy Amaral Freire , Carvalho Edgar M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A case of subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in a five year‐old child was presented. The case has unusual aspects: extensive ulceration, caseation necrosis and a lack of response to potassium iodide. The lesion was cured using an association of potassium iodide and ketoconazole.
The Psychosocial Effects of Acne on Adolescents
Authors: Krowchuk Daniel P. , Stancin Terry , Keskinen Rosemary , Walker Robin , Bass Jonathan , Anglin Trina M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: To describe the psychosocial impact of acne on adolescents, and, in particuiar, to assess whether seif‐concept is affected by medical treatment, we evaluated 39 teenagers presenting for care to a community‐based dermatologist. Prior to and following treatment, subjects completed a self‐assessment questionnaire, the Piers‐Harris self‐concept scale, and underwent an objective assessment of acne severity. Fiftyeight percent of subjects were dissatisfied with their facial appearance and this in turn was correlated with feelings of embarrassment and social inhibition (for each, r = 0.48, P < 0.005). Subjects'rating of acne severity, but not the dermatologist's, was correlated with dissatisfaction with facial appearance (r = 0.45, P < 0.005). Despite these findings, the mean Piers‐Harris totai t‐score (55.4 ± 7.4) was within the normal range. Fourteen subjects (36%) returned for follow‐up and 71% of these were judged by both the dermatologist and themselves to have improved. Following therapy, significant reductions in the adverse consequences of acne were observed with 42% of subjects reporting that their facial appearance was more acceptable to peers, 50% being less embarrassed, and 58% feeling less socially inhibited. Minimal improvement in mean Piers‐Harris total t‐score was observed (54.6 to 57.4, P = 0.004, paired t‐test). Our data demonstrate that acne is perceived by adolescents to have important negative personal and social consequences, and that improvement in these areas may accompany medical treatment.
Hypomelanosis of Ito: Diagnostic Criteria and Report of 41 Cases
Authors: Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón , Toussaint Sonia , Tamayo Lourdes , Laterza Amelia , del Castillo Victoria
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We conducted a 20‐year prospective review of 41 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of hypomelanosis of Ito. No evidence pointed to hereditary transmission of the disease. Associated extracutaneous pathology was mainly of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Three of 19 patients had chromosomal anomalies. Hypomelanosis of Ito is a clinically well‐characterized syndrome in which chromosomal instability may be a component. Criteria for its presumptive and definitive diagnosis are proposed.
Osteoma Cutis as a Presenting Sign of Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Prendiville Julie S. , Lucky Anne W. , Mallory Susan B. , Mughal Zulf , Mimouni Francis , Langman Craig B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Four unrelated children with oosteoma cutis and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism) are described. All four patients were normocalcemic when they were first seen with cutaneous ossification. A diagnosis of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy was established on the basis of associated somatic features, radiographic abnormalities, and family history. Progression to pseudohypoparathyroidism was documented in two children who developed hypocalcemia at 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Early recognition of the skin manifestations of this syndrome and careful follow‐up are important to prevent the deleterious effects of hypocalcemia. Osteoma cutis is a common sign of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy in infancy and childhood, and its significance should not be overlooked, even in the normocalcemic patient.
Dermatophytosis of Children in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Fouzan Abdulwahab S. , Nanda Arti
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Five hundred fifty‐six children constituted 39.5% of total smear‐ and culture‐positive cases of dermatophytosis and 0.6% of the total new dermatology outpatients seen over a period of five year. Males outnumbered females. The youngest child was a 20‐day‐old neonate (age range 20 days‐12 yrs) with a peak of fungal infections seen in patients between 4 and 6 years of age. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent (70.5%) species, followed by Trichophyton violaceum, Microsporum audouinli, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. Rarely, other species were also isolated. Tinea capitis was the most common (73.7%) clinical type, followed by tinea corporis (19.1%), tinea faciel (3.4%), tinea cruris (3.4%), tinea pedis (0.9%), tinea ungulum (0.9%), and tinea manus (0.2%). No racial variations were observed; however, the predominant species differed with the clinical types.
Cutaneous Fusarium Infection in an Adolescent with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Alvarez‐Franco Maira , Reyes‐Mugica Miguel , Paller Amy S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Disseminated fusariosis occurred in a pediatric patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. The patient had fever and neutropenia, and scattered violaceous papules and vesicles with central erosions that rapidly progressed to generalized, painful, violaceous, papulovesicular lesions with central necrosis. Severe myalgias were associated. The diagnosis was suspected by noting hyphae on a smear of vesicular contents, and confirmed by culture. The clinical course was rapidly fatal despite early institution of amphotericin B therapy. Disseminated Fusarium infection should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with fever and neutropenia who have generalized, eroded, violaceous papules, vesicles, and pustules, particularly with associated myalgias.
Behavioral Adjustment and Self‐Concept of Young Children with Hemangiomas
Authors: Dieterich‐Miller Cynthia A. , Cohen Bernard A. , Liggett Judith
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine Hie behavioral responses and self‐concepts of young children with seif‐limited but tran‐siently disfiguring capillary hemanglomas involving the head and neck. Nineteen children with hemanglomas. age 3 to 5 years, and their parents were compared with an age‐matched control group without lesions. Re‐sponses to a parental checklist, informal interview, and self‐concept test showed few differences between young children with henangiomas and those without this neoplasm.
Blister Beetle Dermatosis in Hawaii Caused by Thelyphassa apicata (Fairmaire)
Authors: Samlaska Curt P. , Samuelson G. Allan , Faran Michael E. , Shparago Neal I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Members of the family Oedemeridae are known as false blis‐ter beetles. Although they have a worldwide distribution, oedemerid blis‐ter beette dermatosis has been described only In the Pacific basin and the Caribbean. We report a case of the disorder in the Hawaiian Islands caused by Thelyphassa apicata (Fairmaire). To our knowledge this is the first case report described in that locale, and the first caused by this spe‐cies.
Clinical, Histologic, and Ultrastructural Findings in Two Cases of Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis
Authors: Glover M. T. , Lake B. D. , Atherton D. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two unrelated infants had stiff skin and painful joint eontrac‐tures in the first few months of life. Other features included gingival hy‐perpiasia, small papules on the face and trunk, perianal nodules, and bloody diarrhea. Hyatine material was evident in the papillary dermis and gut mucosa in both patients. Ultrastructural examination revealed a dis‐tinctive fibrillogranuIar appearance. These infants have the same clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features as four infants we reported previ‐ously with Infantile systemic hyalinosis. One of the patients described here demonstrated some features that overlap with those of juvenile hy‐aline fibromatosis.
Cutaneous Mucinosis in a Child with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Eskreis Beverly D. , Bronson Darryl M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cutaneous muclnosis Is rarely associated with systemic lu‐pus erythematosus. A 13‐year‐old girl had a two‐month history of numer‐ous cutaneous mucinous papules and the new onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. The differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of this vari‐ant of cutaneous muclnosis are discussed. This Is the first report of a child with this unusual entity.
Lipoid Proteinosis: Case Report
Authors: Farolan Miguel J. , Ronan Salve G. , Solomon Lawrence M. , Loeff Deborah S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 20‐month‐old Kuwaiti girl had manifestations of lipoid pro‐teinosis, a rare autosomal recessive disorder seen more commonly in Caucasians. This condition Is diagnosed based on clinical, histopatho‐loglc, and uttrastructural criteria. Its biochemical and genetic aspects are still poorly understood.
Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Association with Anorexia Nervosa: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Van Voorhees Abby S. , Riba Michelle
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Zinc deficiency, whether a result of an acquired or Inherited abnormality of zinc metabolism, is associated with characteristic cutane‐ous findings. The inherited variety is known as acrodermatitis enteropath‐ica. We present a case of zinc deficiency secondary to starvation Induced by anorexia nervosa. Since the cutaneous stigmata of zinc deficiency and anorexia nervosa can initially be subtle and occasionally overlap, we be‐lieve that screening zinc levels in patients with anorexia nervosa with prominent cutaneous findings should be considered.
Congenital Miliaria Crystallina: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Arpey Christopher J. , Nagashima‐Whalen Lauren S. , Chren Mary‐Margaret , Zaim M. Tarif
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Generalized congenital miliaria crystallina occurred in a black newborn boy. Although miliaria crystalina occurring in infancy and beyond is well established, congenital occurrence is very rare. The pathogenesis of the disorder is not well understood. We discuss some hypotheses of pathogenesis in the context of our patient, as well as a differential diagnosis and a comparison with a previously reported case. Miliaria crystallina should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vesiculobullous eruptions in newborns.
Isotretinoin for Acne in Apert Syndrome
Authors: Parker Timothy L. , Roth John G. , Esterly Nancy B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Apert syndrome is a congenital disorder consisting primarily of deformities of the skull, hands, and feet. These individuals are also prone to severe acne, particularly involving the upper arms and forearms. Conventional therapy is often ineffective. We report the successful use of isotretinoin for acne in a patient with Apert syndrome.
Epidermal Nevi and the Epidermal Nevus Syndromes: A Review of 233 Cases
Authors: Rogers Maureen
Published: March 2008

Abstract: It is likely that most if not an epidermal nevi can be explained on the basis of genetic mosaiciam, with each at the many types ot nevi representing the cutaneous manifestation of a different mosaic phenotype. Hence there are potentially many different epidermal nevus syndromes.
Epidermolysis Bullosa: To Split and to Clump
Authors: Eady Robin A. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: During the past few years various proteins have come to the forefront as underlying the structural abnormalities of different forms of epldermolysls bullosa. Only very recently has linkage been established between certain major forms of epidermolysis bullosa and the genes encoding some of these proteins, and mutations of these genes identified. The stage will soon be set for providing a new and rational basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of epidermolysis bullosa, for improving diagnosis, including prenatal testing, and for devising new approaches to treatment
Atopic Dermatitis: Recent Therapeutic Advances
Authors: de Prost Yves
Published: March 2008

Abstract: New treatments were recently proposed for the management of severe atopic dermatitis (AD). They all act on some component of the Immune reaction. Oral cyclosporine reduces the number of CD4+ cells, the secretion of interleukins, and the function of Langerhans cells. Although the action of oral cyclosporine at moderately high dosages is regular and rapid, the risk of serious side effects and the reappearance of progressive disease after stopping treatment limits the use of this drug in AD. Thymic hormone extracts in patients with severe AD aflect the deficit of cellular Immunity. Y‐interferon Inhibits IgE synthesis induced by interleuldin‐4, increases expression of Fc y receptors, and increases superoxide production by circulating monocytes. More recently, two other treatments were published: complexes of allergen and specific antibodies to Dermatophagoldes pteronynyssinus, and interleukln‐2. All of these modalities have only a transitory effect, but they can help to modify a flare of severe AD.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Laser Photocoagulation of Colonic Hemangiomas in a Child with Microcytic Anemia
Authors: Morris Laura , Lynch Patrick M. , Gleason Wallace A. , Schauder Craig , Pinkel Donald , Duvic Madeleine
Published: March 2008

This is a case report and review of the literature on the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. The clinical features of the syndrome are discussed, with emphasis on chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and resulting anemia. A new therapeutic modality, colonoscopy with laser photocoagulation, is recommended as a safe, effective, and less invasive method of controlling bleeding from colonic hemangiomas than surgical resection and repeated transfusions. This technique is less helpful for patients with prominent involvement of the small intestine.
Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Grimalt Ramon , Gelmetti Carlo
Published: March 2008

A 6‐year‐old Caucasian girl had dozens of asymptomatic, flesh‐colored, 2‐ to 5‐mm eruptive vellus hair cysts. These papules on the buttocks, thighs, and groin increased in number for three months. Histologic examination revealed poorly defined, keratin‐filled cysts in the upper middermis, containing numerous transversely or obliquely cut portions of vellus hair. The histopathologic differential diagnosis with other epithelial cysts containing hair shafts is debated, and new clinical differential diagnoses are proposed. Review of the literature suggests that eruptive vellus hair cyst is not a rare disorder, but its frequency is probably underestimated due to paucity of symptoms. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of some of the differential diagnoses should convince clinicians to obtain histologic confirmation.
Infantile Condylomata of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Paradisi M. , Mostaccioli S. , Celano G. , Angelo C. , Ruatti P. , Muda A. Onetti , Faraggiana T.
Published: March 2008

A child had condylomata acuminata localized to the oral cavity. Main points of interest were this exclusive localization, the extremely high number of papillary lesions, not reported in the literature until now, and the excellent response to interferon and local applications of podophyllin. Histologic, ultrastructural, and in situ molecular hybridization techniques were performed to make a correct diagnosis. Transmission of the etiolgic agent and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome): Report of Two Cases with Minor Cutaneous and Extraeutaneous Manifestations
Authors: Pujol R. M. , Casanova J. M. , Pérez M. , Matias‐Guiu X. , Planagumà M. , De Moragas J. M.
Published: March 2008

Two women, ages 33 and 16 years, had focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) with unusual, minimal clinical manifestations. The lesions consisted of patchy, atrophic, scaly, telangiectatic macules arranged in a linear pattern along Blaschko's lines, involving the anterior and lateral aspects of both legs (patient 1) and the anterolateral aspect of the left leg (patient 2), Type I partial syndactyly involving the second and the third toes in both patients was also present. The clinical and histopathologic features and diagnostic difficulties of cases of this disorder with minimal cutaneous and extraeutaneous manifestations are discussed.
Unusual Physiologic Melanin Pigmentation of the Tongue
Authors: Anavi Yakir , Mintz Sheldon
Published: March 2008

A patient had extensive congenital oral hyperpigmentation of the tongue. The clinical and histologic features set this case apart from any well‐delineated disease. Clinically, the congenital onset, the appearance of large black‐brownish lesions, the lack of associated systemic abnormalities, and the histologic findings of prominent deposition of melanin In the basal layer support the diagnosis of physiologic melanosis. The macular lesions of the tongue represent discrete depositions of melanin and exemplify soft tissue pigmentation of developmental origin.
Pigmenting Pityriasis Alba
Authors: du Toit M. J. , Jordaan H. F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We conducted a prospective study of 20 patients with pig. menting pityriasis alba (PPA) over a period of two years. Characteristic morphology revealed a central zone of bluish hyperpigmentation surrounded by a hypopigmented, slightly scaly halo of variable width. All patients displayed lesions on the face. Concomitant extrafacial Involvement was uncommon. A significant finding was an associated dermatophyte infection in 13 patients (65%). These patients all received griseoful‐vin 10 mg/kg/day for eight weeks, resulting In the resolution of PPA in seven within 4 to 20 weeks. These were also treated with 1% hydrocortt‐sone. Biopsy specimens from two patients showed similar features, namely, a subacute dermatitis with variable pigment Incontinence, lmmu‐nohistochemical labeling revealed a preponderance of T lymphocytes. Pigmenting pityrlasis alba seems to be a variant of classic pityriasis alba showing a strong association with dermatophyte infection, especially tines capitls. It may be related to Iichenoid melanodermatitis.
Bilateral Skin Dimples on the Shoulders
Authors: Spencer James M. , Schneiderman Paul I. , Grossman Marc E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cutaneous depressions, commonly known as dimples, are uncommon In locations other than the face. An Infant had deep dimple like depressions near the acromion bilaterally. This most likely represents benign autosomal acromial dimples, a rarely reported autosomal dominant condition. Other causes of dimples include a variety of congenital malformation syndromes, and Infectious, metaboiic, and traumatic etiologies. Awareness of the etiology and significance of skin dimples is helpful to the clinician when confronted with this unusual finding.
Juvenile Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Recognition and Management
Authors: Hacker Steven M. , Ramos‐Caro Francisco A. , Beers Betsy B. , Flowers Franklin P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old girl had pseudoxanthoma elesticum (PXE) with the characteristic skin and ocular findings. She had no associated systemic symptoms and no family history of PXE. The disease was most likely Inherited In an autosomal recessive fashion. It is reviewed with regard to etiology, Inheritance, diagnosis, and, particularly, management
Familial Occurrence of Isolated Accessory Tragi
Authors: Tadini G. , Cambiaghi S. , Scarabelli G. , Brusasco A. , Vigo P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Three sibs were affected by numerous accessory tragi. On clinical examination, no other associated developmental defects, such as the Goldenhar syndrome, were detected.
Lichen Planus Limited to the Nails in Childhood: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Peluso Anna Maria , Tosti Antonella , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Cameli Norma
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Although nail abnormalities have been reported to occur in 1% to 10% of patients with lichen planus, in children with lichen planus they are rarely mentioned in the literature. An 11‐year‐old boy had a two‐month history of naii dystrophy affecting all the fingernails and the great toenaiis. The naii plates showed longitudinal ridging and thinning as well as onycholysis and distal splitting. There were no cutaneous or mucous membrane abnormalities. A nail biopsy specimen showed hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and acanthosis in the ventral portion of the proximal nail fold and in the nail matrix. A bandlike lymphocytic infiltrate was present in the superficial dermis, and the basal iayer showed vacuolar alterations. A diagnosis of iichen planus was made. Treatment was intramuscular triamcinolone 20 mg once a month for six months. Since 1969 only 13 proved pediatric cases of lichen planus limited to the nails have been reported, including two children with 20‐nall dystrophy and four with idiopathic atrophy of the nails.
Segmental Neurofibromatosis with Only Macular Lesions
Authors: Micali Giuseppe , Lembo Dina , Giustini Sandra , Calvieri Stefano
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 16‐year‐old girl had a three‐year history of many cafe au lait spots and freckles. In a dermatomal distribution. The diagnosis of segmental neurofibromatosis (NF‐5) was made on the basis of the clinical features, distribution of the lesions, and absence of systemic involve‐ment. Only a few cases in the literature describe NF‐5 with only macular lesions. An accurate clinical examination is important to identity this unusual presentation.
Persistent Annular Erythema of Infancy
Authors: Helm Thomas N. , Bass Jonathan , Chang Liza W. , Bergfeld Wilma F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Annular erythema of Infancy is an uncommon, nonpruritic, figurate erythema that begins in the first year of life. Biopsy specimens reveal a perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate with numerous eoslnophils. The cause of the disorder is unknown, but a hypersensitivity response to unrecognized antigens is suspected. The disorder is selflimited, but may last for many months. In our patient the eruption continued 19 months after its onset.
Musculoaponeurotic Fibromatosis (Extraabdominal Desmoid Tumor) in a Child with Idiopathic Multicentric Osteolysis
Authors: Sahn Eleanor E. , Cook W. Joel , Gross Richard H. , Garen Paul D. , Pai G. S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The fibromatoses are a group of benign proliferations of fibrous tissue with clinical behavior ranging from that of truly malignant tumors to that of benign reactive fibrous proliferations. Some of the superficial fIbromatoses are fairly common, but the deep ones, also known as desmoid tumors or musculoaponeurotic flbromatoses, are rare idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is a rare skeletal disorder of childhood that causes progressive destruction of bones and renal failure. We recently saw a young girt with both extraabdominal musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis and idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. The classification, diagnosis, and treatment of the deep fibromatoses are reviewed, and the possible association between the minor bone changes occasionally reported In musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis and idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is discussed.
Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Cellulitis‐Adenitis
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Ramsey Regan A. , Raval Devyani S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 38‐day‐old prematurely born Infant developed rapidly progressive facial cellulitis In association with ipsilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy and pulmonary consolidation. Group B streptococci (GBS) were isolated from blood, endotracheal, and lesion cultures. Prompt recognition of GBS cellulitis‐adenftis end Institution of parenteral, synergistic antibiotic therapy are important.
Urticaria in Children
Authors: Ghosh Srabani , Kanwar Amrinder J. , Kaur Sorrinder
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The etiologic factors responsible for urticaria were analyzed in 44 children seen In the Urticaria Clinic, a referral center of the Dermatology Department. Of these, 23 were girls and 21 boys. Nine (20.5%) had acute urticaria and 25 (79.5%) were diagnosed as having chronic urticaria. A definitive etiology factor was identified in 1B (40%) patients. Of these, 15 had physical urticarias; in 2 foods and in 1 drug was incriminated. Probable ettologlc factors were identified in 19 (43%) patients, in 5 (11.3%) of whom more than one factor was Identified. In 11 (25%) children, it was not possible to establish the cause. Our study suggests that etiologic factors of urticaria are more readily identifiable in children than in adults.
Penile Purpura as a Manifestation of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Authors: Barton Philip G. , Ford Michael J. , Beers Betsy B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Heightened public and professional awareness of the sexual abuse of children demands that physicians be able to distinguish lesions associated wtth sexual abuse from those caused by primary skin disor‐ders. Purpura to an occasional manifestation of pediatric lichen aderosus et atrophicus (LSA), especially when the vulva is affected. We report a 12‐year‐old boy with penile purpura that occasioned a consideration of sexual abuse but proved to be due to LSA.
Occult Spinal Dysraphism: A Neurosurgical Problem with a Dermatologic Hallmark
Authors: Serna M. J. , Vázquez‐Doval J. , Vanaclocha V. , Zubieta J. L. , Quintanilla E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lumbosacral congenital cutaneous lesions have been recognized tor a long time by neurologists and neurosurgeons as markers of occult spinal defects, but only a few cases have been published and discussed in the dermatologic literature. Based on a case report, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of these lesions, the use of new diagnostic techniques, and the correct management.
Rothmund‐Thomson Syndrome Associated with Annular Pancreas and Duodenal Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Blaustein Howard S. , Stevens Amy W. , Stevens Peter D. , Grossman Marc E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition. It is primarily a clinical diagnosis with manifestations that include polkiloderma, short stature, sparse hair, juvenile cataracts, small hands and feet, bone defects, photosensitivity, hypogonadism, defective dentition, onychodystrophy, and hyperkeratosis. There is only one published case of associated gastrointestinal abnormalities. We report a patient with Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome with annular pancreas and duodenal stenosis.
Pemphigus Neonatorum
Authors: Grunwald Marcelo H. , Zamora Ehud , Avinoach Ilana , Holcberg Gershon , Azaz Bilha , Katz Miriam , Halevy Sima
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The diagnosis of pemphigus neonatorum in an infant girl was based on clinical, histologic, and immunoflorescence evidence. The outcome was benign, and the skin lesions resolved within two weeks.
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis in a Neonate
Authors: Lisi Hruza Luciann , Mallory Susan Bayliss , Fitzgibbons James , Mallory George B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A newborn black boy had two facial blisters at birth that progressed to bullous lesions over the trunk, genitals, extremities, and oral and tracheal mucosa. A biopsy specimen demonstrated a subepidermal bulla with mixed eosinophilic and neutrophille, inflammatory infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear IgA, IgG, and C3 depositions along the basement membrane zone, consistent with a diagnosis of childhood linear IgA bullous dermatosis (chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood). The skin disease was controlled with combined prednisone and dipsone. This is the youngest reported patient with the disease. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of blistering diseases of the newborn, and immunofluorescence should be performed on a skin biopsy specimen.
Congenital Platelike Osteoma Cutis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sanmartín Onofre , Alegre Victor , Martinez‐Aparicio Antonio , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Aliaga Adolfo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 18‐year‐old girl had a progressive enlarging plate of subcutaneous bone in the scalp since birth. Histologic examination of the leslon showed typical osteoma cutis. There was no history of any skin disease prior to development of the osteoma. Frequently congenital and usually located on the scalp, platelike osteoma is a rare variant of osteoma cutis.
Down Syndrome, Alopecia Universalis, and Trachyonychia
Authors: Norton Scott A. , Demidovich Carl W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 16‐year‐old boy with Down syndrome and alopecia universalis had dystrophy of all nalis. A presumptive diagnosis of tinea ungulum, common in persons with Down syndrome, had been made nine years earlier. Despite antifungal therapy, the condition of the nails worsened. We were unable to detect fungi, and believe that his nail changes are most consistent with alopecia‐associated trachyonychia (formerly 20‐nail dystrophy), a condition not previously reported in persons with Down syndrome. The opinions and assertions contained herein art the views of the authors and are not to be considered as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.
Nevus Depigmentosus Systematicus With Partial Yellow Scalp Hair Due to Selective Suppression of Eumelanogenesis
Authors: Fukai Kazuyoshi , Ishii Masamitsu , Kadoya Atsuko , Hamada Toshio , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Sbosuke
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a Japanese patient with congenital hypomelanosis with a segmental pattern on the lett abdomen, whorl‐like pattern on the back; mosaic pattern on the chest, right abdomen, and proximal extremitiea; and with yellow hair on a portion of the scalp. Chemical analysis of the yallow hair revealed decreased eumetanin content, whereas the pheometanin content was normal.
Eczematous Skin Reaction from Patch Testing with Aeroallergens in Atopic Children With and Without Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Wananukul Siriwan , Huiprasert Porntip , Huiprasert Porntip
Published: March 2008

Abstract: To determine whether aeroaltergens could induce eczematous lesions, 30 patients with atopic dermatitis were studied in comparison with 30 patients with respiratory atopy without atopic dermatitis. All patients were between 2 end 14 years of age. Patch testing with five aeroallergens—housedust, mite, cockroach, mold mix, and grass mixwas done on skin that was stripped by 10 applications of adhesive tape. Intradermal tests with the same antigens were done on the forearm. In 27 (90%) children with staple dermatitis, patch testing with aeroallergens Induced eczematous lesions at one or more sites. Mite, cockroach, house dust, mold mix, and grass mix caused reactions In 21 (70%), 21 (70%), 19 (63%), 15 (50%), and 13 (43%) patients, respectively. Three patients had a dermatitis flare at the antecubital and popliteal fossae during testing. Only three (10%) atopic children without atopic dermatitis had eczematous lesions, which was significantly different from children with atopic dermatitis (P < 10−5). Intradermai skin tests in both groups were not significantly different This study supports previous reports that aeroallergens play an Important role in causing eczamatous skin lesions.
Piebaldism in a Mentally Retarded Girl With Rare Deletion of the Long Arm of Chromosome 4
Authors: Sijmons R. H. , Kristoffersson U. , Tuerlings J. H. A. M. , Ljung R. , Dijkhuis‐Stoffelsma R. , Breed A. S. P. M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 4‐year‐old mentally retarded girl had congenltel depignentationft of ventrolateral parts of the chest, abdomen, and legs. She also showed dysmorphic features of the head, thorax, and extremities, a pig‐mented ring in both irises, and a hemla of the left obliquus muscle. Cytogenetic Investigations reveated deletion of chromosome 4 for the long arm segment q12‐q21. The typical depigmentations, reported in tour other patients with a similar chromosomal deletion, correspond with those in the autosomal dominant piebald trait Mutations in the Kit protooneogene (mapped to the chromosome (4q11–4q12 region) have been found in patients affected with this dominant disorder. Piebaldism in children with developmental delay and dysmorphic features should alert the physician to the possibility of a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4.
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia: Heck Disease
Authors: Cohen Philip R. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Adler‐Storthz Karen
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two sisters of Mexican ancestry had focal epithelial hyperplasb (FEH). The lesions on the oral mucosa of the older child were initially misinterpreted as representing sexual abuse. Microscopic evaluation of a hematoxylin and eosln‐stained section from a lower lip papule demonstrated the histologic features of FEH. Although human papllloma‐virus (HPV) type 13 and HPV32 have been most consistently present In FEH lesions, types 6,11,13, and 32 were not detected In the paraffin‐embedded tissue specimen of our patient using an in situ hybridization technique. The lesions persisted or recurred during management using destructive modalities; subsequently, they comptetety resolved spontaneously.
Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Handley J. , Shields M. , Dodge J. , Walsh M. , Bingham A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 12‐year‐old girl with ulcerative colitis (UC) treated by colectomy with rectal stump preservation, salazopyrin, and systemic steroids developed persistent mouth ulcers, cutaneous target like lesions, papulopustules, and builae. The clinical, histologic, and immunopatriologic features were typical of chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC). Although resistant to combined Immunosuppressive therapy with low‐dose prednisolone, cyclosporin, and thalldomide, striking remission of the mucocutaneous symptoms resulted with surgital resection of the diseased rectal stump. An etiologic association between CBDC and UC Is postulated.
Staphylococcus aureus as a Cause of Perianal Dermatitis
Authors: Montemarano Andrew D. , James William D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Perianal dermatitis has been reported to be caused by group A ß‐hemolytic Streptococcus. We present a case caused by Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical clue pointing to this organism was the presence of satellite pustules, identifying the pathogen in perianal dermatitis is therapeutically Important, as oral penicillin VK will not be effective If 5. aureus is the true cause. Other streptococcal and staphylococcal cutaneous infections may exhibit overlapping clinical features, including scarlet fever, Impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, and cellulitis.
Hypertrichosis Universalis Congenita: A Separate Entity, or the Same Disease as Gingival Fibromatosis?
Authors: Lee In Joon , Im Sung Bin , Kim Dong‐Kun
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hypertrichosis universatis congonita is an extremely rare disorder characterized by generaizad hypertrichosis. It is generally accepted as being inherited as an autosomat dominant trait with varying expression. Many aspects of this disease are still unknown. Several reports associating hypertrichosis and ginghral abromatosis raise ths question of whether they are separate entitles or the same disease with different expressions of the underlying process. Hypertrichosis unlversatis congenita occurred in a 6‐year‐old girl without known family history. Her facial features were simlan‐like and her gingiva was moderately hyperplastto. We pose the question of whether or not these phenomena are related.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn and Hypercalcemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hicks M. John , Levy Moise L. , Alexander Joshua , Flaitz Catherine M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) alone is an uncommon condition, its association with hypercalcemia has been reported in 19 neonates since 1926. The two occur in full‐term to postterm newborns with perinatal complications associated wtth delivery. Erythematous to violaceous, firm, subcutaneous nodules appear approximately 1 to 4 weeks after delivery, preceding the development of signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia. Although SCFN and hypercalcemia are rare complications in neonates with perinatal problems, death due to the sequelae of hypercalcemia occurred in 3 of the 19 patients. A neonate who develops skin lesions consistent with SCFN should be followed for possible onset of hypercalcemia and treated in a timely fashion.
Infantile Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Associated With Lytic Lesions of the Bone
Authors: Ivker Rachel A. , Grin‐Jorgensen Caron M. , Vega Victor K. , Hoss Diane M. , Grant‐Kels Jane M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Generalized pustular psoriasis is rare in children, especially in those less than 1 year of age. Lytic lesions of the bone have been reported in children with psoriasis, but are rare. We describe an infant with the clinical and histopathologic features of generalized pustular psoriasis that began in the first few weeks of life. In addition, this patient had sterile lytic lesions of the bone. Despite significant improvement In the bone lesions, his skin condition was resistant to therapy.
Misunderstanding of Cosmetic Products: A Paradigmatic Clinical Case in a Baby
Authors: Menni Silvano , Brauner Irene , Tsavdari Theodora
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐month‐old baby had erythema, fissuring of the skin, and craqueié due to prolonged use of a liquid soap mistakenly believed to be a moisturizer. We think these kinds of skirt disorders will become increasingly common due to such misunderstandings. The proliferation of cosmetic products for baby skin care, the increasing prescription of cosmetics by dermatologists for skin disease, and the increase in kinds of cosmetics with similar or unusual contents ail encourage such accidents.
The Current Management of Vascular Birthmarks
Authors: Enjolras Odile , Mulliken John B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two vascular birthmarks are hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Hemanglomas grow by cellular proliferation. Their hallmark is rapid neonatal growth. Spontaneous regression begins when the Infant is 6 to 10 months old, but It may continue until 8 to 10 years of age. Hemangiomas are infrequently life‐threatening. Pharmacotlogic treatment Is indispensible; unsightly sequelae require surgical treatment. Vascular malformations consist of dyspiastic vessels and are present on a lifelong basis. They are either slow‐flow (capillary, venous, lymphatic) or fast‐flow anomalies with arteriovenous shunting. Complex combined vascular malformations are observed as well. Ten years ago angiographic studies dearly demonstrated the differences among the various lesions. Today a noninvasive diagnostic approach is recommended, particularly in children. Ultrasonography, Doppler flow imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging are the most informative techniques, revealing the extent of tissue Involvement and differentiating fast‐flow from slow‐flow anomalies. Risks and management differ depending on the type of vascular malformation.
Severe Skin Erosions and Scalp Infections in AEC Syndrome
Authors: Vanderhooft Sheryll L. , Stephan Mark J. , Sybert Virginia P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hay‐Wells syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by ankytoblepharon filiforme adnatum, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft palate with or without associated cleft lip (AEC syndrome). Although several reported patients had eroded skin at birth and recurrent scalp infections, these are not generally regarded as major features ot the disorder. In our experience, denuded skin at birth and chronic scalp erosions complicated by infection are common features of this syndrome. Aggressive wound care in conjunction with early administration of topical or systemic antibiotics is suggested.
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra in a Young Child
Authors: Babapour Reza , Leach James , Levy Howard
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Dermatosis papulosa nigra was diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old black boy. This folllcular nevoid condition, which is common in adult blacks, is seldom diagnosed in prepubescent children. The diagnosis was confirmed by the biopsy specimen that showed features of epidermal acanthosls and papillomatosis, similar to seborrheic keratosis.
Onychodystrophy in Lichen Striatus
Authors: Karp Debra L. , Cohen Bernard A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lichen striatus is a common childhood eruption, but only rare reports link cutaneous manltestions and onychodystrophy. We report a case of lichen striatus and onychodystrophy in a 12‐year‐old girl, only the eighth such patient in the dermatologic literature. Nail changes may precede the rash of Lichen strlatus and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated nail dystrophy in children.
Streptococcal Vulvovaginitis in Girls
Authors: Dhar V. , Roker K. , Adhami Z. , McKenzie S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Group A β‐hemolytic Streptococous (GAHS) was Isolated from 18% of swabs submitted to a district microbiology laboratory from girls with vulvovaginitts, a figure similar to that from a contemporary British study. This suggests that vulvovaginitis is more commonly associated with GAHS than reported previously. This could represent either an increase in frequency of the condition or better recognition of it.
Diaper Dermatitis Due to Trichophyton verrucosum
Authors: Baudraz‐Rosselet F. , Ruffieux Ph. , Mancarella A. , Monod M. , Frenk E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 29‐month‐old girl had diaper dermatitis due to Trichophyton verrucosum, a dermatophyte not previously reported to cause ringworm in this area In Infants.