bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inherited thrombocytopenia associated with a variant in the FLI1 binding site in the 5′ UTR of ANKRD26
Authors: Dunstan‐Harrison Caitlin , Morison Ian M. , Ledgerwood Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2024

Variants in the 5′ UTR of ANKRD26 are a common cause of inherited thrombocytopenia (ANKRD26‐RT), and are associated with sustained ANKRD26 expression, which inhibits megakaryocyte maturation and proplatelet formation. ANKRD26 expression is controlled by the binding of a RUNX1/FLI1 complex to the 5′ UTR. To date, all reported ANKRD26‐RD associated variants have been within the RUNX1 binding site and a 22 base pair flanking region. Here, we report a novel variant in the 5′ UTR of ANKRD26, c.‐107C>T. This variant is in the FLI1 binding site, and is predicted to disrupt FLI1 binding due to loss of a hydrogen bond with FLI1. Differentiated PBMCs from affected family members showed impaired megakaryocyte maturation and proplatelet formation and sustained expression of ANKRD26, and platelets from affected family members had higher ANKRD26 expression than control platelets. The variant increased activity of the ANKRD26 promotor in a reporter assay. We also provide evidence that the previously reported c.‐140C>G ANKRD26 5′ UTR variant is benign and not associated with thrombocytopenia. Identification of the c.‐107C>T variant extends the range of the regulatory region in the 5′ UTR of ANKRD26 that is associated with ANKRD26‐RT.
Between surveillance and self‐surveillance: What institutionalised girls in Ciudad Juárez (reveal that they) know about sexuality
Authors: Alvarez Bruna , Vera Edith , Contreras Edgar , Marre Diana
Published: May 2024

We describe how girls aged 7 to 12 from social care homes in Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) talk about sexuality in workshops that we led, focusing on how mechanisms of surveillance and self‐surveillance operate in a context in which the research framework opens up new norms for socially acceptable ways of talking about sexuality. We analysed data emerging from 13 drawings that answered the question ‘What is sexuality?’
Splenic flexure mobilization in left‐sided colonic and rectal resections: A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of factors associated with anastomotic leak and complications
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Dourado Justin , Rogers Peter , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Wexner Steven D.
Published: May 2024

Aim

Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) is commonly performed during left‐sided colon and rectal resections. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the outcomes of SFM in left‐sided colon and rectal resections and the risk factors for complications and anastomotic leak (AL).

Method

This study was a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies that assessed the outcomes of sigmoid and rectal resections with or without SFM. The primary outcomes were AL and total complications, and the secondary outcomes were individual complications, operating time, conversion to open surgery, length of hospital stay (LOS) and pathological and oncological outcomes.

Results

Nineteen studies including data on 81 116 patients (49.1% male) were reviewed. SFM was undertaken in 40.7% of patients. SFM was associated with a longer operating time (weighted mean difference 24.50, 95% CI 14.47–34.52, p < 0.0001) and higher odds of AL (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.33, p = 0.002). Both groups had similar odds of total complications, splenic injury, anastomotic stricture, conversion to open surgery, (LOS), local recurrence, and overall survival. A secondary analysis of rectal cancer cases only showed similar outcomes for SFM and the control group.

Conclusions

SFM was associated with a longer operating time and higher odds of AL, yet a similar likelihood of total complications, splenic injury, anastomotic stricture, conversion to open surgery, LOS, local recurrence, and overall survival. These conclusions must be cautiously interpreted considering the numerous study limitations. SFM may have only been selectively undertaken in cases in which anastomotic tension was suspected. Therefore, the suboptimal anastomoses may have been the reason for SFM rather than the SFM being causative of the anastomotic insufficiencies.
Identification and analysis of prognostic immune cell homeostasis characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Yidan , Ma Qianqian , Chen Yixun , Liao Dongying , Kong Fanming
Published: May 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most invasive malignant tumor of the respiratory system. It is also the common pathological type leading to the death of LUAD. Maintaining the homeostasis of immune cells is an important way for anti‐tumor immunotherapy. However, the biological significance of maintaining immune homeostasis and immune therapeutic effect has not been well studied.

Methods

We constructed a diagnostic and prognostic model for LUAD based on B and T cells homeostasis‐related genes. Minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and multivariate Cox regression are used to identify the prognostic gene signatures. Based on the overall survival time and survival status of LUAD patients, a 10‐gene prognostic model composed of ABL1, BAK1, IKBKB, PPP2R3C, CCNB2, CORO1A, FADD, P2RX7, TNFSF14, and ZC3H8 was subsequently identified as prognostic markers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐LUAD to develop a prognostic signature. This study constructed a gene prognosis model based on gene expression profiles and corresponding survival information through survival analysis, as well as 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year ROC curve analysis. Enrichment analysis attempted to reveal the potential mechanism of action and molecular pathway of prognostic genes. The CIBERSORT algorithm calculated the infiltration degree of 22 immune cells in each sample and compared the difference of immune cell infiltration between high‐risk group and low‐risk group. At the cellular level, PCR and CKK8 experiments were used to verify the differences in the expression of the constructed 10‐gene model and its effects on cell viability, respectively. The experimental results supported the significant biological significance and potential application value of the molecular model in the prognosis of lung cancer. Enrichment analyses showed that these genes were mainly related to lymphocyte homeostasis.

Conclusion

We identified a novel immune cell homeostasis prognostic signature. Targeting these immune cell homeostasis prognostic genes may be an alternative for LUAD treatment. The reliability of the prediction model was confirmed at bioinformatics level, cellular level, and gene level.
Dispersal restriction and facilitation in species with differing tolerance to development: A landscape genetics study of native and introduced lizards
Authors: Phillips Payton M. , Langhans Kelley E. , Helmus Matthew R. , Jesse Wendy A. M. , Surget‐Groba Yann , Behm Jocelyn E.
Published: May 2024

Aim

The development of natural habitats into urban land uses has greatly accelerated in the recent past due to human activities. This habitat development disrupts species' natural dispersal processes and can lead to both direct and indirect impacts on dispersal. Whether human activities result in restricted or facilitated dispersal may depend on a species' development tolerance; however, this premise has not been tested. We examined the impact of urbanization and road networks on the dispersal of three lizard species in the context of their development tolerance.

Location

Curaçao.

Methods

To quantify species' development tolerance, we modelled three lizard species abundances at sites based on surrounding landscape development. Using microsatellite genotypes, we conducted individual‐based resistance surface analyses and modelled the effect of habitat development on genetic admixture to assess indirect dispersal restriction and facilitation. We explored direct facilitation of dispersal using network analysis of mitochondrial haplotypes.

Results

Phyllodactylus martini, a native gecko species, was the least tolerant of development and experienced indirect dispersal restriction due to roads, according to resistance surface analyses. Anolis lineatus, a native anole species, exhibited a neutral relationship with development. Resistance surfaces and Structure analyses showed that A. lineatus faced indirect dispersal restrictions from roads and developed areas, while mitochondrial haplotype networks suggested they benefited from occasional human‐facilitated long‐distance dispersal events. Hemidactylus mabouia, an introduced gecko species, was the most tolerant of development, and experienced no dispersal restriction, but mitochondrial haplotypes suggest direct long‐distance dispersal facilitation.

Main Conclusions

Our findings highlight development tolerance as a key predictor of dispersal impact for these species and future work should test whether these patterns are upheld in other systems. Understanding how human activities affect species' dispersal will aid in managing introduced species while promoting connectivity for native species navigating dispersal challenges in dynamic landscapes.
Power dynamics in couple relationships: A review and applications for systemic family therapists
Authors: Young Bonnie , Seedall Ryan B.
Published: May 2024

Power dynamics, generally defined as the patterns of partners enacting or resisting influence, are inherent in all relationships. Power structures and processes play a role in people's perceptions of themselves and others, their feelings and emotions, and both their implicit and explicit behaviors. As such, understanding power dynamics is crucial for fully conceptualizing and intervening within relationships. Although power was not always given high priority in many of the early systemic family therapy models, that has changed over the years, with scholars working to address how power is manifested in relationships, how power imbalances affect relationships, and how power can be addressed more explicitly in treatment. Nonetheless, there is much additional work needed to ensure that systemic therapists have an appropriate depth of understanding regarding power dynamics to fully recognize their manifestations in relationships and then intervene appropriately. To help in these efforts, this paper aims to synthesize relational power research into a more complete description of what power is and how it is enacted in couple relationships. To do this, we introduce relevant perspectives of power not fully integrated with family therapy theories. Overall, we provide a brief history of power‐oriented research in the fields of family therapy, outline couple research regarding the sources of power that can inform therapeutic case conceptualizations and interventions, describe how power is addressed in specific couple therapy models, and highlight some important clinical applications that can help systemic therapists more fully address power.
A Step Forward in Quantitative Automated Mineralogy in 2D and 3D
Authors: Taylor Richard J.M. , Hill Eddy , Andrew Matthew
Published: May 2024

Automated mineralogy is a software addition usually seen on scanning electron microscopes designed to provide rapid insight into sample chemistry and texture in routine petrology workflows. The specific purpose of automated mineralogy is to provide mineral classifications to uniquely identified phases typically using energy dispersive spectroscopy, thus removing laborious and time‐consuming human input for routine tasks. These mineral classifications can then be applied to image data to quantify which mineral is associated with any particular texture. Automated mineralogy systems were primarily designed to generate quantitative textural analysis of particle samples to the mining industry and have remained a critical technique in this setting for the last several decades. Automated mineralogy has become more widely used in academia, and this has changed the focus of the technique, applying it to a broader range of workflows and applications. Here we show petrology examples focussing where combined geochemical and textural analysis are widely used. Critically, the use of quantitative geochemical data means that mineral classifications are based on their quantitatively measured chemistry. By making both the chemical and textural analysis quantitative, automated mineralogy can become highly flexible and provide a unique system for petrologists in both industry and academia.
Development and validation of the Multidimensional Mindset Scale: Growth and fixed mindsets
Authors: Ortiz Alvarado Nancy , Quintanilla Domínguez Claudia , Ayala Gaytan Edgardo , Del Castillo de la Fuente Ernesto
Published: May 2024

Evidence suggests that fixed and growth mindsets shape human behavior (Rucker & Galinsky, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2016;26(1):161–164); however, empirical research on mindsets is highly sensitive in terms of how they are measured. This article addresses specific limitations in measuring growth and fixed mindsets using existing scales, especially Dweck's (Self‐theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development, 2000) scale, which is the most recognized and commonly used instrument in this area. The main contribution of the article is that it develops an alternative scale that addresses these potential limitations; specifically, the proposed scale (1) measures the fixed and growth mindsets as independent constructs (note that We refer to “independence” among constructs (fixed and growth), considering that they are not just two opposite constructs of the same continuum, but different constructs. Thus, we included items for each one to capture the properties of each construct while avoiding the use of the same items in reverse coding), (2) does not use reverse coding, and (3) comprises four dimensions including important variables that should be considered when measuring mindsets: intelligence beliefs, practice and effort, challenges, and multiple intelligence. To this end, we employed a multi‐method approach by combining qualitative research with the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of a survey database to arrive at a 25‐item scale of growth and fixed mindsets. The scale, denoted as the Multidimensional Mindset Scale (MUMIS), satisfies reliability, convergent, divergent, and nomological validity tests. MUMIS opens new avenues to explore the understanding of the effects of specific intelligence beliefs, practice and effort, challenges, and multiple intelligence in fields like consumer behavior, education, psychology, and well‐being.
Effects of different extraction methods on the structure and function of blackberry seed polysaccharides
Authors: Yang Mo , Gong Hao , Jiang Cheng‐gong , He Yu , Wang Shuai , Zheng Yi , Hou Jin‐hui , Wang Wei‐dong
Published: May 2024

The different extraction methods including hot‐water extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and microwave‐assisted extraction, enzyme‐assisted extraction, ultrasound and microwave‐assisted extraction, and ultrasound and enzyme‐assisted extraction (UEE) methods were carried out to extract blackberry seed polysaccharides (BSPs). The extraction yield, structure, antioxidant capacity, and glucometabolic enzyme inhibition activities of BSPs were determined in this work. Extraction methods have no influence on the monosaccharide composition of BSPs but affected the molar ratio of monosaccharides. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results showed that the extraction method cannot effect on the functional groups and crystal forms of BSPs. The findings also revealed that UEE led to the highest BSP extraction yield (4.56%), highest antioxidant capacities, and highest α‐amylase (48.49%) and α‐glucosidase (67.33%) inhibitory rates, which may because of the dispersed molecular weight distribution and loose microstructure of BSPs. These results suggest that UEE may be used in the industry to obtain BSPs with high functional activities.
Quality enhancement of sweet potato puree oat mixed‐grain noodles based on curdlan: recommended addition level and mechanism
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Ren Guangyue , Duan Xu , Li Linlin , Cao Weiwei , Chen Junliang , Sun Xiaofei , Zhao Linlin , Liu Wenchao
Published: May 2024

The inherent poor cooking quality and poor texture of mixed‐grain pasta limit consumer acceptance. This study systematically investigated the effect of curdlan in the processing of sweet potato puree oat mixed‐grain noodles, and comprehensively analysed a number of key indicators such as cooking characteristics, moisture state, texture properties, microstructure, starch crystallinity characteristics, short‐range ordered structure and thermal properties. At the production practice level, the study clearly indicated that the 0.6% curdlan addition ratio was the best solution in sweet potato puree oat mixed‐grain noodles processing. This finding not only significantly reduces the fracture rate, water absorption rate and cooking loss rate during the cooking process, but also significantly improves the quality and yield of the product, and brings significant improvement in the taste and texture of the noodles, which is of great significance for industrial production. In the microstructural and molecular studies, we revealed how curdlan could enhance the structural stability and mechanical strength of noodles by promoting the uniform distribution of starch granules in the gluten protein network. Further, through X‐ray diffraction, ordered structure and thermal property analyses, we have found that colchicine can effectively regulate the interactions of hydrogen bonding between starch and the content of straight‐chain and branched‐chain starch, which significantly reduces the crystallinity, ordered short‐chain structure and enthalpy of pasting of starch in the pasta. These in‐depth research results not only help us to understand more comprehensively the formation mechanism of the modification of pasta quality by curdlan, but also provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the improvement of pasta quality in mixed grains.
Elderberry pomace for food/nutraceutical product development: impact of drying methods and simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phenolic profile and bioaccessibility
Authors: Gomez Mattson Milagros , Corfield Rocío , Schebor Carolina , Salvatori Daniela
Published: May 2024

The aim of this work was to develop ingredients from elderberry pomace (EP) analysing the effect of different drying methods (conventional air‐drying (C), freeze‐drying (F), and fluidised‐bed drying (FB)) on phenolic compounds retention and their bioaccessibility. The dry pomaces were chemically characterised before and after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Cianidin‐3‐glucoside and rutin were the main phenolic compounds determined by HPLC‐DAD. After GID, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were drastically reduced regardless of the drying process. Freeze‐drying better preserved the total polyphenol and monomeric anthocyanin content, and the antioxidant capacity, however, EP‐C and EP‐FB presented more bioaccessible antioxidant compounds than EP‐F. Fluidised‐bed drying generated, in a shorter drying time, a more bioaccessible granular product (EP‐FB), that could be used directly in ready‐to‐eat foods. EP‐C and EP‐F products could be used as functional foods or nutraceutical ingredients. Also, the obtained elderberry products were not cytotoxic against the Caco‐2 cell line.
The feasibility of a psychological first aid intervention as a supportive tactic for feelings of psychological distress and mental health recovery outcomes among earthquake survivors in Northern Syria
Authors: Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , Al‐Ahmed Nassan Ali , Mattar Fayez Kheled , Alshammari Mukhlid , Ali Eman Abdeen
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a psychological first aid intervention for psychological distress, resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors affected by earthquake adversity in Northern Syria.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental, pre‐posttest, two‐group research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 95 survivors (46 in the study group and 49 in the control group) was recruited for the psychological First Aid intervention at a 1:1 ratio. The psychological first aid intervention was delivered in 10 sessions, twice weekly, followed by 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Our work verified the suitability of implementing psychological first aid following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria. Given that the psychological first aid intervention is grounded in psychological safety, cognitive reframing, mobilization of social support and installation of hope, the feasibility of its path following public health emergency, traumatic events or even a personal crisis can be favourable.
Increasing precision during neuromodulator injections for frontal rhytids—Using ultrasound imaging to identify the line of convergence
Authors: Meneses Claudia C. B. , Freitas Silvio , Knoedler Leonard , Knoedler Samuel , Davidovic Kristina , Bravo Carlos , Pappas AmberLeigh , Biesman Brian S. , Alfertshofer Michael , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent research introduced the concept of the “line of convergence” as a guide for injectors to enhance precision and avoid complications when treating the frontalis muscle with toxins. However, currently, no pre‐injection ultrasound scanning is employed to increase precision and reduce adverse events when searching for the line of convergence.

Objective

To explore the feasibility and practicality of implementing pre‐injection ultrasound scanning into aesthetic neuromodulator treatments of the forehead.

Methods

The sample of this study consisted of n = 55 volunteers (42 females and 13 males), with a mean age of 42.24 (10.3) years and a mean BMI of 25.07 (4.0) kg/m2. High‐frequency ultrasound imaging was utilized to measure the thickness, length, and contractility of the frontal soft tissue and to determine the precise location of the line of convergence during maximal frontalis muscle contraction.

Results

The results revealed that the line of convergence was located at 58.43% (8.7) of the total forehead height above the superior border of the eyebrow cilia without a statistically significant difference between sex, age, or BMI. With frontalis muscle contraction, the forehead shortens in males by 25.90% (6.5), whereas in females it shortens only by 21.74% (5.1), with p < 0.001 for sex differences.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility and practicality of pre‐injection ultrasound scanning for facial aesthetic neuromodulator treatments. Knowing the location of the line of convergence, injectors can determine precisely and on an individual basis where to administer the neuromodulator deep or superficial or when the injection location is at risk to cause eyebrow ptosis.
Nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the application of the injury severity score in emergency departments: A cross‐sectional multicentre study
Authors: Wu Hui , Ma Xiaoyan , Hao Yaru , Ji Li , Zhu Wei , Mu Wenjing , Guo Yue , Fan Luo
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives

To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the application of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) among emergency department nurses in China and the factors influencing these variables.

Background

ISS is the first trauma scoring method to be developed and the most widely used in clinical practice. The correct application of the ISS by emergency department nurses plays an important role in assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients, and it is crucial to understand nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Design

A cross‐sectional multicentre study.

Methods

Nurses from the emergency departments of 25 grade II and grade III hospitals in Gansu Province, China participated in this study. Data was collected online using a self‐administered questionnaire. Student's t‐test or analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences between the groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified factors influencing nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding applying ISS. A STROBE checklist was used to report findings.

Results

Among 459 nurses, a good level of attitude and passing levels of knowledge and practice regarding applying the ISS were revealed. Nurses in higher hospital grades, who had been exposed to ISS and received training had higher levels of knowledge and practices. Previous exposure to the ISS and training related to it were factors that influenced nurses' attitudes.

Conclusions

Chinese emergency department nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices of applying the ISS still need to be improved. Hospitals and nursing managers should provide training opportunities for nurses about ISS knowledge and practices, while grade II hospitals should pay more attention to training and continuing education in this area.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

In hospitals, nursing managers may benefit from enhancing related education and training to promote the emergency department nurses' knowledge and practice of the ISS, by developing specific curricula and providing continuing education and training opportunities, while grade II hospitals should pay more attention to training and continuing education in this area.

No patient or Public Contributions

This study focused on emergency department nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the application of the ISS. The research questions and design were derived from clinical nursing practice, literature review, and expert panel review, and patients or the public are temporarily not involved.
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in epileptic dogs
Authors: Morganti G. , Rigamonti G. , Marchesi M. C. , Maggi G. , Angeli G. , Moretta I. , Brustenga L. , Diaferia M. , Veronesi F.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Studies in humans have demonstrated the role of Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, in epileptic seizures. This study aimed to investigate the serological correlation between T. gondii and N. caninum and epilepsy in dogs.

Materials and Methods

The medical record database of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, was searched for dogs serologically tested by IFAT for T. gondii and N. caninum and following specific inclusion criteria. Dogs were stratified by having a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or suffering different conditions.

Results

One‐hundred and twenty‐eight dogs were included, 64 with epilepsy and 64 without clinical signs of epilepsy. Seventeen of the 64 epileptic dogs (26.6%; 95% CI: 15.7% to 37.4%) and twenty‐one of the 64 non‐epileptic dogs (32.8%; 95% CI: 21.3% to 44.3%) tested positive for T. gondii. Eight of the epileptic dogs (12.5%; 95% CI: 4.4% to 20.6%) and three of the non‐epileptic dogs (4.7%; 95% CI: 0% to 9.9%) tested positive for N. caninum. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of T. gondii or N. caninum seroreactivity between epileptic and non‐epileptic dogs.

Clinical Significance

The results obtained do not seem to support the role of T. gondii and N. caninum as causative agents of dog epilepsy.
Group identity and the willful subversion of rationality: A reply to De Cruz and Levy
Authors: Van Leeuwen Neil
Published: May 2024

De Cruz and Levy, in their commentaries on Religion as make‐believe, present distinct questions that can be addressed by clarifying one core idea. De Cruz asks whether one can rationally assess the mental state of religious credence that I theorize. Levy asks why we should not explain the data on religious “belief” merely by positing factual beliefs with religious contents, which happen to be rationally acquired through testimony. To both, I say that having religious credences is p‐irrational: a purposeful departure from rational thought and behavior, where the purpose in question is maintaining a group identity.
Nursing students’ awareness of global climate change: A descriptive and cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fırat Kılıç Hülya , Cevheroğlu Seda , Gök Nur Demet
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to determine nursing students’ awareness of global climate change.

Design

This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 302 undergraduate nursing students from a foundation university in Northern Cyprus during the spring semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. A descriptive information form and the Awareness Scale of University Students about Global Climate Change (ASUSGCC) were used for data collection.

Results

The mean ASUSGCC score was 3.54 ± 0.64, and the participants received the lowest and highest scores from the awareness of the causes of global climate change (3.54 ± 0.64) and awareness of the effects of global climate change on the natural and human environment (4.03 ± 0.70) subscales, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the Global Climate Change scores and the year of education, with fourth‐year students obtaining significantly higher scores (p < .05).

Conclusions

The study found that nursing students have a moderate level of awareness of global climate change. To raise the level of awareness among these undergraduates, who will be future healthcare professionals, we recommend including climate change awareness in the national nursing curricula.
Recent Theological Approaches to the Johannine Epistles
Authors: O'Leary Joseph S.
Published: May 2024

1 John has been rather roughly handled in recent exegesis, notably in Raymond Brown's Anchor Bible commentary, which sees the epistle as badly written, logically incoherent, full of nasty polemics and bereft of any claim to be considered a mystical text. The two books here reviewed mix exegesis and theology in a kind of pincer movement, which succeeds only partly in closing in on the treasures of Johannine contemplation. Despite their limits, the two books reveal a major desideratum of Johannine studies, namely, the need of a theological reading which will both do justice to the power of Johannine thought and connect it with the questions that occupy, or should occupy, theologians today.
Slum Bodies: Leo Tolstoy’s What Should We Do Then?, the Moscow Poor, and Late Nineteenth‐Century Russian Slum Literature
Authors: Nicolosi Riccardo
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes Tolstoy’s narrative on the Moscow poor in What Should We Do Then? in the context of the tradition of slum literature in late nineteenth‐century Russia. It focuses on the interplay between the human body and the environment in a literary tradition that is heavily influenced by the biomedical discourse of degeneration. It compares then the slum discourse with Tolstoy’s representation of the poor. The argument is that Tolstoy recalls some elements of this discourse with the intention of distancing himself from it and proposing a new perspective on the slum reality. Tolstoy attempts to individualize and differentiate what may initially seem like an amorphous, threatening human mass, in order to highlight the anthropological normality of slum space and its dwellers. This aligns with his philanthropic program based on mutual love between rich and poor. However, his normalization and differentiation strategies eventually collapse due to the persistence of a threatening bodily otherness within the slums. The ultimate failure of Tolstoy’s “naïve” plan for social amelioration is manifested in the persistence of the disturbing degenerate reality of slum bodies and spaces as a mirror image of the monstrosity of society.
Invasive Species: Immunity and Community in Contemporary Outbreak Narratives
Authors: Vaingurt Julia
Published: May 2024

The word contagion, derived from Latin contagio, the combination of con (“together with”) and tagio (“touch”), suggests a close relationship between the human body and community. It stands to reason, then, that contagion narratives in one way or the other attempt to reflect upon one’s being in the world, with others, whether human or non‐human, and they do so through the theme of communicable disease and shared physical vulnerability. In the last couple of decades, Russian literature has witnessed an uptick in outbreak narratives fueled by anxieties over globalization and the ever‐shrinking distances and ever‐increasing mobility of our “global village.” The paper analyzes two of such recent novels, Vladimir Sorokin’s The Blizzard (2010) and Eduard Verkin’s Sakhalin Island (2018), to examine whether these developments lead the authors to conceptualize new forms of community and communality or, on the contrary, retreat into nostalgic restoration, nationalism, and tribalism.
Characterization of transfusion‐relevant bacteria reference strains in a lyophilized format
Authors: Prax Marcel , McDonald Carl P. , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle , Cloutier Marc , Gravemann Ute , Grothaus Anna , Krut Oleg , Mpumlwana Xoliswa , O'Flaherty Niamh , Satake Masahiro , Stafford Bianca , Suessner Susanne , Vollmer Tanja , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra ,   the ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

Blood safety measures used by blood establishments to increase blood component safety can be validated using Transfusion‐Relevant Bacterial Reference Strains (TRBRS). Ultra‐cold storage conditions and manual preparation of the current TRBRS may restrict their practical use. To address this issue, the ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party's Bacterial Subgroup organized an international study to validate TRBRS in a user‐friendly, lyophilised format.

Materials and Methods

Two bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae PEI‐B‐P‐08 and Staphylococcus aureus PEI‐B‐P‐63 were manufactured as lyophilised material. The lyophilised bacteria were distributed to 11 different labs worldwide to assess the robustness for enumeration, identification and determination of growth kinetics in platelet concentrates (PCs).

Results

Production of lyophilised TRBRS had no impact on the growth properties compared with the traditional format. The new format allows a direct low‐quantity spiking of approximately 30 bacteria in PCs for transfusion‐relevant experiments. In addition, the lyophilised bacteria exhibit long‐term stability across a broad temperature range and can even be directly rehydrated in PCs without losing viability. Interlaboratory comparative study demonstrated the robustness of the new format as 100% of spiked PC exhibited growth.

Conclusion

Lyophilised TRBRS provide a user‐friendly material for transfusion‐related studies. TRBRS in the new format have improved features that may lead to a more frequent use in the quality control of transfusion‐related safety measures in the future.
A topology on E$E$‐theory
Authors: Carrión José R. , Schafhauser Christopher
Published: May 2024

For separable ‐algebras and , we define a topology on the set consisting of homotopy classes of asymptotic morphisms from to . This gives an enrichment of the Connes–Higson asymptotic category over topological spaces. We show that the Hausdorffization of this category is equivalent to the shape category of Dadarlat. As an application, we obtain a topology on the ‐theory group with properties analogous to those of the topology on . The Hausdorffized ‐theory group is also introduced and studied. We obtain a continuity result for the functor , which implies a new continuity result for the functor .
Moving Target
Authors: Sukel Kayt
Published: May 2024

Several computer-aided design (CAD) and product lifecycle management (PLM) platforms have already added generative capabilities. But AI can do more than help engineers automatically update geometric constraints or scale models for different manufacturing loads. When engineering experts look beyond augmenting the average design engineer’s creative capabilities, they can envision a future where the entire engineering and manufacturing ecosystem is turned on its head.
Beyond the Brew
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering staff
Published: May 2024

ASME’s Video Production team recently visited the Montclair Brewery in Montclair, N.J. Uncarbonated beer sits at around 2 psi, while carbonated brews will go anywhere from 10 psi to 20 psi. A pressure relief valve on top of each tank keeps that pressure below 50 psi to avoid explosions.
Bayesian Inference Based on Monte Carlo Technique for Multiplier of Performance Shaping Factor
Authors: Takeda Satoshi , Kitada Takanori
Published: May 2024

The human error probabilities (HEP) can be estimated using multipliers that correspond to the level of performance shaping factors (PSFs) in the human reliability analysis (HRA). This paper focuses on the adjustment of multipliers through Bayesian inference based on Monte Carlo techniques using the experimental results from simulators. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) are used as Bayesian inference methods based on Monte Carlo techniques. MCMC is utilized to obtain the posterior distribution of the multipliers. BMC is used for the estimation of the moments of the posterior distribution such as the mean and variance. The results obtained by MCMC and that by BMC well agree with the reference results. As a case study, the data assimilation was performed using the results of the simulator experiment of Halden reactor. The results show that the multiplier changes by the result of a particular scenario and HEP of another scenario that uses the same multiplier also changes by data assimilation. Also, in the case study, the correlation between multipliers is obtained by the data assimilation and the correlation contributes to the reduction of uncertainty of HEP.
Study of Temperature Drop Region in Transitional Region in Fluid-Film Thrust Bearings
Authors: Deng Xin
Published: May 2024

A thrust bearing is a type of rotary bearing that permits rotation between parts and is designed to support a load parallel to the axis of rotation. There is a temperature drop region with the increase in speed. However, previous researchers mainly showed such temperature drop experimentally, and the physics causing such temperature drop is not understood. A full fluid–solid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for a center pivot, tilting pad, and fluid-film thrust-bearing experimental model to study the physics of temperature drop in the transitional region. A novel physics of causing temperature drop in the transitional region was proposed, analyzed, and verified.
Crystallization kinetics during layer exchange of 28Si implanted Al films for fabrication of quantum computers: A theoretical model
Authors: Schneider Ella B. , England Jonathan
Published: May 2024

We are investigating a novel enrichment process that could allow the use of industrial complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor implanters to manufacture “quantum grade” 28Si layers for use in quantum computers. Our implanted layer exchange enrichment process leverages conventional deposition-based layer exchange approaches but replaces a step of depositing a Si layer above an Al layer with a 28Si implant into the top of an Al layer. A subsequent anneal dissolves Si into Al beneath the implanted region where Si diffuses and either epitaxially grows onto the substrate or forms poly-crystals in the Al [Schneider and England, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 21609 (2023)]. We have developed a qualitative model using simple assumptions and boundary conditions to estimate characteristic times and rates of epitaxy or poly-crystallization for this novel layer exchange process. We have used the model to explain crystallization outcomes reported in this paper and previously. We find that the absence of an oxide boundary layer separating Si and Al allows Si diffusion to become established within the first second of all the anneals studied and that crystallization actually completes during the temperature ramp of most of the anneals. The rapid evolution of Si supersaturation in Al beneath the implanted layer explains the ratios of epitaxial growth to poly-crystallization observed after these anneals. We use this understanding to propose the implant layer exchange conditions that could produce the highest quality mono-crystalline quantum grade Si.
Energy partitioning among compressional and shear waves in three-dimensional attenuating elastic media
Authors: Snieder Roel , Deheuvels Marine
Published: May 2024

In strongly scattering elastic media without attenuation and dispersion, the wavefield is dominated by shear waves, and in three dimensions, the ratio of the S to P energy is given by ES/EP=2(vP/vS)3. This study investigates how this ratio is influenced by attenuation. Both the case of the ringdown mode, where the energy evolves from initial values, and the case of energy equilibrium, where the attenuation is balanced by energy injection sources, are treated. It is shown that in ringdown mode, the energy ratio ES/EP satisfies a Ricatti equation in time: hence, the energy ratio is not an exponential function of time. It is also shown that the long-time energy ratio differs from the value in non-attenuating media when the attenuation coefficients for P and S waves are different. In the case of energy equilibrium, the energy ratio only is equal to the value in non-attenuating media when (1) the time scale of P- and S-wave equilibration is much smaller than the attenuation time or (2) the energy injection rate for each wave type is balanced by the dissipation for that wave type. The latter situation happens when the wavefield is excited by thermal fluctuations in thermal equilibrium.
Sound generation mechanisms in a collapsible tube
Authors: Laudato Marco , Zea Elias , Sundström Elias , Boij Susann , Mihaescu Mihai
Published: May 2024

Collapsible tubes can be employed to study the sound generation mechanism in the human respiratory system. The goals of this work are (a) to determine the airflow characteristics connected to three different collapse states of a physiological tube and (b) to find a relation between the sound power radiated by the tube and its collapse state. The methodology is based on the implementation of computational fluid dynamics simulation on experimentally validated geometries. The flow is characterized by a radical change of behavior before and after the contact of the lumen. The maximum of the sound power radiated corresponds to the post-buckling configuration. The idea of an acoustic tube law is proposed. The presented results are relevant to the study of self-excited oscillations and wheezing sounds in the lungs.
Switching it up: New mechanisms revealed in wurtzite-type ferroelectrics
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wei , Yazawa Keisuke , Zakutayev Andriy , Brennecka Geoff L. , Gorai Prashun
Published: May 2024

Wurtzite-type ferroelectrics have drawn increasing attention due to the promise of better performance and integration than traditional oxide ferroelectrics with semiconductors such as Si, SiC, and III-V compounds. However, wurtzite-type ferroelectrics generally require enormous electric fields, approaching breakdown, to reverse their polarization. The underlying switching mechanism(s), especially for multinary compounds and alloys, remains elusive. Here, we examine the switching behaviors in Al

1−
x

Sc

x

N alloys and wurtzite-type multinary candidate compounds we recently computationally identified. We find that switching in these tetrahedrally coordinated materials proceeds via a variety of nonpolar intermediate structures and that switching barriers are dominated by the more-electronegative cations. For Al

1−
x

Sc

x

N alloys, we find that the switching pathway changes from a collective mechanism to a lower-barrier mechanism enabled by inversion of individual tetrahedra with increased Sc composition. Our findings provide insights for future engineering and realization of wurtzite-type materials and open a door to understanding domain motion.
Heatwave responses of Arctic phytoplankton communities are driven by combined impacts of warming and cooling
Authors: Wolf Klara K. E. , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Rehder Linda , Schaum Elisa , John Uwe , Rost Björn
Published: May 2024

Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change progresses, especially in the highly productive Arctic regions. Although their effects on primary producers will largely determine the impacts on ecosystem services, mechanistic understanding on phytoplankton responses to these extreme events is still very limited. We experimentally exposed Arctic phytoplankton assemblages to stable warming, as well as to repeated heatwaves, and measured temporally resolved productivity, physiology, and composition. Our results show that even extreme stable warming increases productivity, while the response to heatwaves depends on the specific scenario applied and is not predictable from stable warming responses. This appears to be largely due to the underestimated impact of the cool phase following a heatwave, which can be at least as important as the warm phase for the overall response. We show that physiological and compositional adjustments to both warm and cool phases drive overall phytoplankton productivity and need to be considered mechanistically to predict overall ecosystem impacts.
Phase 1 drug-drug interaction study to assess the effect of CYP3A4 inhibition and pan-CYP induction on the pharmacokinetics and safety of fosmanogepix in healthy participants
Authors: Hodges Michael R. , van Marle Sjoerd , Kramer William G. , Ople Eric , Tawadrous Margaret , Jakate Abhijeet
Published: May 2024

Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to fungal infections, and drug-drug interactions with antifungals may occur due to concomitant medications. Fosmanogepix [FMGX; active moiety manogepix (MGX)] targets glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mannoprotein synthesis and maturation, essential for fungal virulence. This phase 1, fixed-sequence study in healthy participants evaluated the effect of strong CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole [Cohort 1 (
n
= 18); FMGX 500 mg intravenous (IV) twice a day (BID )+ itraconazole 200 mg oral once a day (QD)] and pan-CYP inducer rifampin [Cohort 2 (
n
= 18); FMGX 1,000 mg IV BID + rifampin 600 mg oral QD] on the pharmacokinetics of FMGX and MGX. In cohort 1, geometric mean (GM) MGX C
max
, AUC
0-t
, and AUC
inf
were almost similar with and without itraconazole administration. In Cohort 2, GM MGX C
max
was slightly lower and AUC
0-t
and AUC
inf
were significantly lower after rifampin administration, with the least squares GM ratio associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) below 80 – 125% (no effect window). No deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), or FMGX-related withdrawals were reported. In both cohorts, a total of 188 AEs (
n
= 30; 186 mild; two moderate) were reported. In all, 37 of 188 AEs (
n
= 12) were considered FMGX related (most frequent: headache, nausea, and hot flush). Administration of FMGX alone and with itraconazole or rifampin was safe and well tolerated. A strong CYP3A4 inhibitor had no effect on FMGX or MGX exposure. A strong pan-CYP inducer had no effect on FMGX exposure but demonstrated ~45% decrease in MGX exposure.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT04166669

and with

EudraCT

as number 2019-003586-17.