bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Community Environment, Leisure, and Social Activities on Health Status of Older Adults with Diabetes in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jiyoun , Ra Yoonho , Yi Eunsurk
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effects of community environment, leisure, and social activities on the health status of older adults with diabetes, a serious disease in modern society. Data from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to assess participants’ characteristics, and regression analyses were conducted to assess the effects of community environment, leisure, and social activities. Mediating effects were tested using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping. The key results are as follows. (a) Community environmental satisfaction affected participation in leisure and social activities. (b) Community accessibility had a negative effect on subjective health, while community environmental satisfaction had a positive effect on subjective health, cognitive function, and chronic diseases. (c) Leisure activities had a positive effect on cognitive health, while social activities influenced subjective health, cognitive function, and chronic diseases. (d) Analysis of the mediating effect of leisure and social activities on the relationship between the community environment and health status of older adults with diabetes confirmed a partial mediating effect. To improve older adults’ mental and physical health, mere quantitative increases in the community environment will not be sufficient. It is necessary to cultivate and manage professionals to increase opportunities for participation by increasing social exchanges and systematically managing older adults’ health.
Advanced Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2018)
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Martha A. , Zacarías-Flores Mariano , Correa-Muñoz Elsa , Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2023

Background: The advanced activities of daily living (AADLs) in old age is a key indicator of the mobility domain for the intrinsic capacity of older adults living in the community; for this reason, it is relevant to know the prevalence and risk factors related to performing fewer AADLs in different populations. Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the ability to perform AADLs in older adults reported in the Mexican Study of Health and Aging (MSHA 2018). Methods: A secondary cross-sectional analysis of the MSHA 2018 data was carried out, including a convenience sample of 6474 subjects ≥ 60 years of age, for both sexes, without cognitive deficits. Nine questions related to AADLs were selected from the database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with <3 AADLs, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health status factors. Results: The prevalence of the ability to perform <3 AADLs was 63%. Age is the most important risk factor for <3 AADLs, which increases by the decade, followed by sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.91–2.42, p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that age, schooling, urban residence, sedentary lifestyle, and comorbidity are the main risk factors for <3 AADLs in older Mexican adults.
Facing HCV as a Major Public Healthcare Threat in Italy: Epidemiology and Micro-Elimination Pathways among Underserved Populations
Authors: Fiore Vito , Manca Valentina , Colpani Agnese , De Vito Andrea , Maida Ivana , Madeddu Giordano , Babudieri Sergio
Published: July 2023

Underserved populations have a wide heterogeneity on healthcare provision and use. They also represent the key populations according to WHO 2030 goals for HCV micro-elimination. Our review evaluated the available literature on HCV diagnosis, staging, and treatment among underserved populations, such as incarcerated people, patients with psychiatric disorders, and migrants. A narrative review of literature was performed using key electronic databases (Scopus, Pubmed—MEDLINE) and search engines (Google Scholar). Peer-reviewed publications, grey literature on HCV, and recent models proposed for micro-elimination in underserved populations were included. An insight into the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on HCV micro-elimination pathways will be also provided. Regarding prison settings, a progressive reduction in HCV epidemiology among incarcerated people in the last years was found (one-third of the level it had been before). People suffering from psychiatric disorders have a high anti-HCV prevalence, but there is a lack of data on active infections. A bidirectional relationship between HCV and psychiatric disorders was found. Migrants showed a very inconsistent assessment of HCV. Furthermore, available studies recorded data from populations with high heterogeneity of anti-HCV prevalence, Therefore, the reported results need caution in their evaluation.
Framework Development of Non-Face-to-Face Training of Basic Life Support for Laypersons: A Multi-Method Study
Authors: Han Sangsoo , Lee Choung Ah , Jeong Won Jung , Park JuOk , Park Hang A
Published: July 2023

The spread of infectious diseases has accelerated the transition from face-to-face (F2F) to non-F2F (NF2F) education. To maintain the effect of successful NF2F education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, reorganizing the curriculum to suit the NF2F educational environment is necessary. We propose an appropriate learning curriculum for NF2F basic life support (BLS) training for laypersons based on expert surveys and learners’ performance outcomes. This study included three stages and used multiple methods. A draft curriculum was created through a literature review and three-round Delphi approach, and then applied as a test for actual education. After the training, the final curriculum of the NF2F BLS training for laypersons was proposed by reflecting on the performance outcomes of learners and expert opinions. NF2F theoretical education was simplified into five content items: concept of chain of survival, legal protection for first aiders, importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, how to recognize a patient in cardiac arrest and activate the emergency medical services system, and reduced training time. In the hands-on skills session, it was recommended to practice chest compressions using a simple intuitive feedback device and to use automated external defibrillators step-by-step more than in F2F training. In conclusion, NF2F training is a suitable option for BLS training methods in situations where F2F training is difficult.
Effects of a 4-Week After-School Physical Literacy Program on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptomatology in Schoolchildren with ADHD: A Study Protocol
Authors: Calzada-Rodríguez José Ignacio , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Pastor-Cisneros Raquel , Barrios-Fernandez Sabina , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Gómez-Galán Rafael , Muñoz-Bermejo Laura
Published: July 2023

Research has shown that physical activity programs led to improvements in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, no study evaluating the impact of a physical literacy (PL) program has been conducted. This study aims to examine PL and the effects of an after-school PL program on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ADHD symptomatology including quality and sustained attention. A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted assessing PL, HRQoL and ADHD symptomatology, both at the beginning and the end of the PL after-school program implementation. The program will last 4 weeks, including two sessions per week lasting 55 min. Sessions will be divided into several parts: greeting (5 min), block I (20 min), block II (20 min) and relaxation and feedback (10 min). Block I will focus on the acquisition of content that contributes to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity; and block II, in addition to favouring physical competence, will seek to improve motivation. If this program proves its effectiveness, it could be an alternative to be included in educational systems, representing a scientific breakthrough regarding physical activity adherence and inactivity-related disease prevention, HRQoL and management of ADHD-associated symptomatology.
Are All Societies Ready for Digital Tools? Feasibility Study on the Use of Mobile Application in Polish Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Perioperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Suchodolska Grażyna , Koelmer Anna , Puchowska Monika , Senkus Elżbieta
Published: July 2023

Background: The population of individuals affected by breast cancer is growing, and with advances in cancer treatment implemented into usual care, there is an urgent need to improve the recognition, monitoring and treatment of therapy-induced adverse effects. This study aims to explore the use of an in-app electronic questionnaire to assess and monitor chemotherapy-related symptoms in early breast cancer patients treated with perioperative chemotherapy. Method: Between December 2019 and June 2021, 72 female study participants used the mobile app Centrum Chorób Piersi UCK and completed an in-app questionnaire about the 14 most common chemotherapy-related symptoms. Replies including symptoms with a critical value triggered automatic email alerts to the nursing team. Results: Acceptance of the study was higher among younger women and patients originating from rural areas, while possible digital exclusion among patients >60 years was observed during the enrolment process. A total of 55 participants completed the electronic questionnaire at least once and generated 553 responses with 1808 specific problems reported. Fatigue (n = 428) was the most common problem, and fever (n = 5) the least reported problem. A total of 21 participants triggered alerts with responses containing symptoms with critical value assessment (n = 89). Significant negative correlation was observed between the number of responses and time from the first chemotherapy administration; however, the number of responses was not determined by any sociodemographic or medical factors. Significant positive correlations were identified between the number of communicated problems and participants’ age. The usage of our electronic symptom assessment questionnaire decreased substantially after the period of active encouragement during the study enrolment. Conclusions: Not all societies are ready for innovative eHealth solutions. Patients’ age should be carefully considered when app-based interventions are introduced to usual cancer care. Additional support is suggested for older patients to improve their awareness and participation in eHealth interventions. More research involving older participants is needed to explore and address their particular needs and perspectives on eHealth solutions.
Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Assessments of Cryo-Derived Pineapple Plants (Ananas comosus var. comosus) after Acclimatization
Authors: Villalobos-Olivera Ariel , Lorenzo-Feijoo José Carlos , Quintana-Bernabé Nicolás , Leiva-Mora Michel , Bettoni Jean Carlos , Martínez-Montero Marcos Edel
Published: July 2023

Studies on the morpho-physiology of cryo-derived pineapple plants after acclimatization have been quite limited. Therefore, in the present study, the morpho-anatomical and physiological characteristics of cryo-derived Ananas comosus var. comosus ‘MD-2’ plants after acclimatization were investigated. Plants obtained from cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved shoot tips, as well as in vitro stock cultures (control), showed similar morphological development (viz. plant height, number of leaves, D leaf length, D leaf width, D leaf area, diameter of stem base, number of roots, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight) to conventionally micropropagated and non-cryopreserved plants. The pineapple plantlets developed efficient anatomical leaf structures that allowed them to adapt to the transition process from in vitro to ex vitro. In all groups of plants, the content of water and chlorophylls (a, a + b, a/b) decreased during the first 15 days of acclimatization and then remained constant until the end of the evaluation. The mesophilic succulence index increased to its maximum value after 15 days, then decreased and remained constant up to 45 days. Although physiological indicators fluctuated during the 45 days of acclimatization, no differences were observed in any of the indicators evaluated when plantlets obtained from cryopreserved shoot tips were compared with controls. The results of the plants from cryopreserved shoot tips show that they switched from C3 to Crassulacean acid metabolism, which denoted metabolic stability during acclimatization.
Asexual Propagation of Greek Salvia officinalis L. Populations Selected for Ornamental Use
Authors: Nanos Christos , Tsoulpha Parthena , Kostas Stefanos , Hatzilazarou Stefanos , Michail Ioanna , Anastasiadi Vasiliki , Pipinis Elias , Gklavakis Evangelos , Kanellis Angelos K. , Nianiou-Obeidat Irini
Published: July 2023

Salvia officinalis, commonly known as sage, is highly valued for its medicinal and ornamental properties. In the present work, 12 native sage populations of north-west Greece were evaluated for eight ornamental traits. Populations from the locations of Aristi, Kefalovryso and Igoumenitsa were selected as the best performing and for their preservation and availability in the market, their asexual propagation was investigated by (a) shoot cutting and (b) in vitro techniques. Propagation by cuttings was investigated during the four seasons. Aristi exhibited the highest rooting (65%) in spring with a well-developed root system (4.7 root number and 5.0 cm length) by applying 0.5 g·L−1 Indole-3-butyric acid, potassium salt (K-IBA), established on perlite under a fog system. However, the rooting performance of Aristi spring cuttings was not affected by different substrates of peat:perlite (0:1, 1:1, 1:2 v/v) or rooting systems (mist, fog) tested. Furthermore, the in vitro propagation of the selected sage populations was investigated using shoot tips as explants. After successful disinfection, the effect of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in ten different combinations of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested on shoot multiplication. Aristi presented the highest number of newly formed shoots on MS9 (0.1 mg·L−1 IAA and 0.8 mg·L−1 TDZ) and MS5 (0.1 mg·L−1 IAA and 0.8 mg·L−1 BAP) (3.35 and 3.21 new shoots/explant, respectively) with the highest shoot length (2.23 cm and 3.2 cm) and unexpected spontaneous root formation (64%) at MS5. The rooting ability of Aristi microshoots was further investigated in order to enhance their response. Of the three rooting variants tested, optimal rooting formation (100%) was observed on 0.9 mg·L−1 IAA (R3) combined with successful acclimatization (100%). Aristi exceeded the other populations in both the tested propagation systems, thus holding a strong potential for its introduction in the market as a competitive ornamental variety.
Comparative Analysis of Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life Measures among Trinidadians with Low Vision and Normal Vision—A Cross-Sectional Matched Sample Study
Authors: Ekemiri Kingsley K. , Botchway Edith N. , Ezinne Ngozika E. , Sirju Nikolai , Persad Tea , Masemola Hlabje Carel , Chidarikire Sherphard , Ekemiri Chioma C. , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study investigated the health-related and vision-related quality of life measures of adults with low vision compared to healthy individuals in Trinidad and Tobago. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL-14) and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) were administered to 20 participants with low vision caused by diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, as well as 20 participants with no visual problems (control). Participants were recruited from the University Eye Clinic in Trinidad and Tobago. Compared to the controls, more participants in the low-vision group had lower age-adjusted NEI-VFQ-25 scores (48.3% vs. 95.1%; p < 0.001), had poor general (47.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.004) and mental (100% vs. 10%, p < 0.042) health, experienced greater activity limitation due to impairment or health problems (85% vs. 20%, p < 0.001), needed help with personal care (27.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.009) and daily routine (67.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), and experienced sleep problems (97.5% vs. 65%, p < 0.001) and symptoms of anxiety (100% vs. 90%, p = 0.042). All the diabetic retinopathy participants (100%, p = 0.028) had two or more impairments or vision problems compared to none in the other low-vision participants. In summary, the HRQOL-14 and NEI-VFQ-25 scores were significantly reduced in low-vision participants, who also demonstrated a greater vulnerability to poor quality of life in the presence of diabetes retinopathy. These findings have important clinical implications regarding offering appropriate support and interventions to improve quality of life outcomes in individuals with low vision.
Culturally Informed Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Evaluations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vine Kristina , Benveniste Tessa , Ramanathan Shanthi , Longman Jo , Williams Megan , Laycock Alison , Matthews Veronica
Published: July 2023

Rigorous and effective evaluations inform policy and service delivery and create evidence of program impacts and outcomes for the communities they are designed to support. Genuine engagement of communities is a key feature of effective evaluation, building trust and enhancing relevancy for communities and providing meaningful outcomes and culturally relevant findings. This applies to Indigenous peoples’ leadership and perspectives when undertaking evaluations on programs that involve Indigenous communities. This systematic scoping review sought to explore the characteristics of culturally informed evaluations and the extent of their application in Australia, including the use of specific evaluation tools and types of community engagement. Academic and grey literature were searched between 2003 and 2023, with 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Over time, there was an increase in the number of culturally informed evaluations undertaken, predominantly in the health and wellbeing sector. Around a quarter used a tool specifically developed for Indigenous evaluations. Half of the publications included Indigenous authorship; however, most studies lacked detail on how evaluations engaged with communities. This review highlights the need for further development of evaluation tools and standardised reporting to allow for shared learnings and improvement in culturally safe evaluation practices for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
Tubeimoside-1 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through STAMBPL1-Mediated c-FLIP Downregulation
Authors: Song So Rae , Seo Seung Un , Woo Seon Min , Yoon Ji Yun , Yook Simmyung , Kwon Taeg Kyu
Published: July 2023

Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS-1), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is commonly used as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate its effect on the sensitization of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results revealed that even though monotherapy using TBMS-1 or TRAIL at sublethal concentrations did not affect cancer cell death, combination therapy using TBMS-1 and TRAIL increased apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, TBMS-1 destabilized c-FLIP expression by downregulating STAMBPL1, a deubiquitinase (DUB). Specifically, when STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP bound together, STAMBPL1 deubiquitylated c-FLIP. Moreover, STAMBPL1 knockdown markedly increased sensitivity to TRAIL by destabilizing c-FLIP. These findings were further confirmed in vivo using a xenograft model based on the observation that combined treatment with TBMS-1 and TRAIL decreased tumor volume and downregulated STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP expression levels. Overall, our study revealed that STAMBPL1 is essential for c-FLIP stabilization, and that STAMBPL1 depletion enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via c-FLIP downregulation.
Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol- and Flavonoid-Enriched Rice Seed Extract on Melanogenesis in Melan-a Cells via MAPK Signaling-Mediated MITF Downregulation
Authors: Monmai Chaiwat , Kim Jin-Suk , Chin Joong Hyoun , Lee Sanghyun , Baek So-Hyeon
Published: July 2023

Melanin production is an important process that prevents the host skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation; however, an overproduction of melanin results in skin diseases. In the present study, we determined the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic activities of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed extracts in melan-a cells. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of Hopum (HP) and Sebok (SB) rice seed extracts was measured. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the ABTS radical scavenging method. SB contained high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, which significantly increased antioxidative activity compared with HP. Various concentrations of these extracts were evaluated in a cytotoxicity using melan-a cells. At 100 µg/mL, there was no significant difference for all treatments compared with untreated cells. Therefore, 100 µg/mL was selected as a concentration for the further experiments. SB significantly suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of p-38 MAPK, increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 and Akt, and downregulated the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). This resulted in decreased levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2. These results indicate the potential of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed as a treatment for hyperpigmentation.
Downregulation of PACAP and the PAC1 Receptor in the Basal Ganglia, Substantia Nigra and Centrally Projecting Edinger–Westphal Nucleus in the Rotenone model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fehér Máté , Márton Zsombor , Szabó Ákos , Kocsa János , Kormos Viktória , Hunyady Ágnes , Kovács László Ákos , Ujvári Balázs , Berta Gergely , Farkas József , Füredi Nóra , Gaszner Tamás , Pytel Bence , Reglődi Dóra , Gaszner Balázs
Published: July 2023

Numerous in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) demonstrate that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) conveys its strong neuroprotective actions mainly via its specific PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) in models of PD. We recently described the decrease in PAC1R protein content in the basal ganglia of macaques in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD that was partially reversed by levodopa therapy. In this work, we tested whether these observations occur also in the rotenone model of PD in the rat. The rotarod test revealed motor skill deterioration upon rotenone administration, which was reversed by benserazide/levodopa (B/L) treatment. The sucrose preference test suggested increased depression level while the open field test showed increased anxiety in rats rendered parkinsonian, regardless of the received B/L therapy. Reduced dopaminergic cell count in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) diminished the dopaminergic fiber density in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and decreased the peptidergic cell count in the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus (EWcp), supporting the efficacy of rotenone treatment. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed decreased PACAP mRNA (Adcyap1) and PAC1R mRNA (Adcyap1r1) expression in the CPu, globus pallidus, dopaminergic SNpc and peptidergic EWcp of rotenone-treated rats, but no remarkable downregulation occurred in the insular cortex. In the entopeduncular nucleus, only the Adcyap1r1 mRNA was downregulated in parkinsonian animals. B/L therapy attenuated the downregulation of Adcyap1 in the CPu only. Our current results further support the evolutionarily conserved role of the PACAP/PAC1R system in neuroprotection and its recruitment in the development/progression of neurodegenerative states such as PD.
Fc Epsilon RI–Neuroimmune Interplay in Pruritus Triggered by Particulate Matter in Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Authors: Isaifan Dina , Crovella Sergio , Soubra Lama , Al-Nesf Maryam , Steinhoff Martin
Published: July 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic relapsing neuroinflammatory skin disease that is characterized by a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. It reflects a profound interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and a recently disclosed neuroimmune dysregulation that drives skin barrier disruption, pruritus, and microbial imbalance. In terms of the key external environmental players that impact AD, air quality and itch severity linkage have been thoroughly researched. The impact of ambient air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) and AD pruritic exacerbation has been recorded despite reductions in air pollution levels in in developed countries. The developing countries have, on the contrary, experienced significant urbanization and industrialization with limited environmental protection standards in the past decades. This unprecedented construction, petrochemical industry utilization, and increment in population counts has been paired with consistent exposure to outdoor PM. This may present a key cause of AD pruritic exacerbation supported by the fact that AD prevalence has intensified globally in the past 50 years, indicating that environmental exposure may act as a trigger that could flare up itch in vulnerable persons. At the molecular level, the impact of PM on severe pruritus in AD could be interpreted by the toxic effects on the complex neuroimmune pathways that govern this disease. AD has been recently viewed as a manifestation of the disruption of both the immune and neurological systems. In light of these facts, this current review aims to introduce the basic concepts of itch sensory circuits in the neuroimmune system. In addition, it describes the impact of PM on the potential neuroimmune pathways in AD pathogenesis with a special focus on the Fc Epsilon RI pathway. Finally, the review proposes potential treatment lines that could be targeted to alleviate pruritus based on immune mediators involved in the Fc Epsilon signaling map.
Sertindole, an Antipsychotic Drug, Curbs the STAT3/BCL-xL Axis to Elicit Human Bladder Cancer Cell Apoptosis In Vitro
Authors: Hsu Chao-Yu , Yang Wei-Ting , Lin Ju-Hwa , Lu Chien-Hsing , Hu Kai-Cheng , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Chang Chia-Che
Published: July 2023

Bladder cancer is the leading urinary tract malignancy. Epidemiological evidence has linked lower cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients to long-term medication, highlighting the anticancer potential of antipsychotics. Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic agent with reported anticancer action on breast and gastric cancers. Yet, sertindole’s effect on bladder cancer remains unaddressed. We herein present the first evidence of sertindole’s antiproliferative effect and mechanisms of action on human bladder cancer cells. Sertindole was cytotoxic against bladder cancer cells while less cytotoxic to normal urothelial cells. Apoptosis was a primary cause of sertindole’s cytotoxicity, as the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk rescued cells from sertindole-induced killing. Mechanistically, sertindole inhibited the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic driver of bladder cancer, as sertindole lowered the levels of tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 along with that of STAT3′s target gene BCL-xL. Notably, ectopic expression of the dominant-active STAT3 mutant impaired sertindole-induced apoptosis in addition to restoring BCL-xL expression. Moreover, bladder cancer cells overexpressing BCL-xL were refractory to sertindole’s proapoptotic action, arguing that sertindole represses STAT3 to downregulate BCL-xL, culminating in the induction of apoptosis. Overall, the current study indicated sertindole exerts bladder cancer cytotoxicity by provoking apoptosis through targeted inhibition of the antiapoptotic STAT3/BCL-xL signaling axis. These findings implicate the potential to repurpose sertindole as a therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
Self-Association of the Anion of 7-Oxodeoxycholic Acid (Bile Salt): How Secondary Micelles Are Formed
Authors: Poša Mihalj
Published: July 2023

Bile acid anions are steroidal biosurfactants that form primary micelles due to the hydrophobic effect. At higher concentrations of some bile acid anions, secondary micelles are formed; hydrogen bonds connect primary micelles. Monoketo derivatives of cholic acid, which have reduced membrane toxicity, are important for biopharmaceutical examinations. The main goal is to explain why the processes of formation of primary and secondary micelles are separated from each other, i.e., why secondary micelles do not form parallel to primary micelles. The association of the anion of 7-oxodeoxycholic acid (a monoketo derivative of cholic acid) is observed through the dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation time on total surfactant concentration T1 = f(CT). On the function T1 = f(CT), two sharp jumps of the spin–lattice relaxation time are obtained, i.e., two critical micellar concentrations (CMC). The aggregation number of the micelle at 50 mM total concentration of 7-oxodeoxycholic acid anions in the aqueous solution is 4.2 ± 0.3, while at the total concentration of 100 mM the aggregation number is 9.0 ± 0.9. The aggregation number of the micelle changes abruptly in the concentration interval of 80–90 mM (the aggregation number determined using fluorescence measurements). By applying Le Chatelier’s principle, the new mechanism of formation of secondary micelles is given, and the decoupling of the process of formation of primary and secondary micelles at lower concentrations of monomers (around the first critical micellar concentration) and the coupling of the same processes at higher equilibrium concentrations of monomers (around the second critical micellar concentration) is explained. Stereochemically and thermodynamically, a direct mutual association of primary micelles is less likely, but monomeric units are more likely to be attached to primary micelles, i.e., 7-oxodeoxycholic acid anions.
Interactions between circRNAs and miR-141 in Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Guz Małgorzata , Jeleniewicz Witold , Cybulski Marek
Published: July 2023

The function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis and development of cancer is indisputable. Molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis involve the aberrant expression of ncRNAs, including circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded, covalently closed RNAs responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis through their diverse functions. As a part of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) network, they play a central role in the regulation of accessibility of miRNAs to their mRNA targets. The interplay between these molecular players is based on the primary role of circRNAs that act as miRNAs sponges, and the circRNA/miRNA imbalance plays a central role in different pathologies including cancer. Herein, we present the latest state of knowledge about interactions between circRNAs and miR-141, a well-known member of the miR-200 family, in malignant transformation, with emphasis on the biological role of circRNA/miR-141/mRNA networks as a future target for novel anti-cancer therapies.
Engineering of Shikimate Pathway and Terminal Branch for Efficient Production of L-Tryptophan in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wang Bing-Bing , Xu Jian-Zhong , Zhang Wei-Guo
Published: July 2023

L-tryptophan (L-trp), produced through bio-manufacturing, is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Based on the previously developed L-trp-producing strain, this study significantly improved the titer and yield of L-trp, through metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway and the L-tryptophan branch. First, the rate-limiting steps in the shikimate pathway were investigated and deciphered, revealing that the combined overexpression of the genes aroE and aroD increased L-trp production. Then, L-trp synthesis was further enhanced at the shaking flask level by improving the intracellular availability of L-glutamine (L-gln) and L-serine (L-ser). In addition, the transport system and the competing pathway of L-trp were also modified, indicating that elimination of the gene TnaB contributed to the extracellular accumulation of L-trp. Through optimizing formulas, the robustness and production efficiency of engineered strains were enhanced at the level of the 30 L fermenter. After 42 h of fed-batch fermentation, the resultant strain produced 53.65 g/L of L-trp, with a yield of 0.238 g/g glucose. In this study, the high-efficiency L-trp-producing strains were created in order to establish a basis for further development of more strains for the production of other highly valuable aromatic compounds or their derivatives.
Genotypic–Phenotypic Correlations of Hereditary Hyperferritinemia-Cataract Syndrome: Case Series of Three Brazilian Families
Authors: Zin Olivia A. , Neves Luiza M. , Cunha Daniela P. , Motta Fabiana L. , Agonigi Bruna N. S. , Horovitz Dafne D. G. , Almeida Daltro C. , Malacarne Jocieli , Rodrigues Ana Paula S. , Carvalho Adriana B. , Rivello Cinthia A. , Espariz Rita , Zin Andrea A. , Sallum Juliana M. F. , Vasconcelos Zilton F. M.
Published: July 2023

Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS) is a rare, frequently misdiagnosed, autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the FTL gene. It causes bilateral pediatric cataract and hyperferritinemia without iron overload. The objective of this case series, describing three Brazilian families, is to increase awareness of HHCS, as well as to discuss possible phenotypic interactions with concurrent mutations in HFE, the gene associated with autosomal recessive inheritance hereditary hemochromatosis. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in eight individuals with HHCS from three different families, as well as one unaffected member from each family for trio analysis—a total of eleven individuals. Ophthalmological and clinical genetic evaluations were conducted. The likely pathogenic variant c.-157G>A in FTL was found in all affected individuals. They presented slowly progressing bilateral cataract symptoms before the age of 14, with a phenotype of varied bilateral diffuse opacities. Hyperferritinemia was present in all affected members, varying from 971 ng/mL to 4899 ng/mL. There were two affected individuals with one concurrent pathogenic variant in HFE (c.187C>G, p.H63D), who were also the ones with the highest values of serum ferritin in our cohort. Few publications describe individuals with pathogenic mutations in both FTL and HFE genes, and further studies are needed to assess possible phenotypic interactions causing higher values of hyperferritinemia.
Structure–Function Relationship within Cu-Peptoid Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Authors: Ruan Guilin , Fridman Natalia , Maayan Galia
Published: July 2023

Water oxidation (WO) is the first step in the water-splitting process aiming at the production of hydrogen as a green renewable fuel. To successfully perform WO, potent strategies for overcoming the high energetic barrier and slow kinetics of this reaction are urgently required. One such strategy is the use of molecular catalysis. Specifically, Cu-based catalysts have been highlighted over the last decade due to their stability and fast kinetics. Among them, Cu-peptoids, where peptoids are peptidomimetics akin to peptides and are N-substituted glycine oligomers, can act as stable and active catalysts for oxidation transformations including electrocatalytic WO. Previously, we suggested that a benzyl group incorporated as a side chain near the catalytic site within a Cu-peptoid electrocatalyst for WO has a structural role in the activity of the electrocatalyst in phosphate buffer (PBS). Herein, we aimed to test this hypothesis and understand how an incorporated structural element side chain affects WO. To this aim, we prepared a set of peptoid trimers each with a different structural element replacing the benzyl group by either naphthyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, propyl chloride, or propyl side chains as well as a peptoid lacking a structural element. We studied the structure of their Cu complexes and tested these complexes as electrocatalysts for WO. We discovered that while all the peptoids self-assemble to form dinuclear Cu-peptoid complexes, the duplex that has no structural side chain, Cu2(BE)2, is structurally different from the others in the solid state. Moreover, Cu2(BE)2 remains dinuclear in a PBS at pH 11, while all the other duplexes are mononuclear in the PBS. Finally, though most of the complexes showed low electrocatalytic activity for WO, the dinuclear complex Cu2(BE)2 performed with the highest turnover frequency of 484 s−1. Nevertheless, this dinuclear complex slowly decomposes to the corresponding mononuclear complex as a more stable species during WO, while the other mononuclear complexes retain their structure in solution but display much slower kinetics (ca. 5 to 8 s−1) under the same conditions. Overall, our results demonstrate that bulkier side chains hamper the stability of dinuclear Cu-peptoids in a PBS, and hence, their efficiency as WO electrocatalysts is also hampered.
Pr@C82 Metallofullerene: Calculated Isomeric Populations
Authors: Slanina Zdeněk , Uhlík Filip , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing , Adamowicz Ludwik
Published: July 2023

Relative equilibrium populations of the five lowest-energy isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomeric structures of Pr@C82 under high-temperature fullerene synthesis conditions were calculated with the Gibbs energy terms based on molecular characteristics derived using density functional theory (DFT) treatments (B3LYP/6-31+G*∼SDD energetics and B3LYP/6-31G*∼SDD entropy). Two leading isomers were identified, major Pr@C2v;9-C82 and minor Pr@Cs;6-C82. The calculated isomeric relative equilibrium populations agreed with observations.
Evaluation of the Stability of a 1,8-Cineole Nanoemulsion and Its Fumigant Toxicity Effect against the Pests Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Ayllón-Gutiérrez Rocío , López-Maldonado Eduardo Alberto , Macías-Alonso Mariana , González Marrero Joaquín , Díaz-Rubio Laura , Córdova-Guerrero Iván
Published: July 2023

Pest control is a main concern in agriculture. Indiscriminate application of synthetic pesticides has caused negative impacts leading to the rapid development of resistance in arthropod pests. Plant secondary metabolites have been proposed as a safer alternative to conventional pesticides. Monoterpenoids have reported bioactivities against important pests; however, due to their high volatility, low water solubility and chemical instability, the application of these compounds has been limited. Nanosystems represent a potential vehicle for the broad application of monoterpenoids. In this study, an 1,8-cineole nanoemulsion was prepared by the low energy method of phase inversion, characterization of droplet size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI) was carried out by dynamic light scattering and stability was evaluated by centrifugation and Turbiscan analysis. Fumigant bioactivity was evaluated against Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci. A nanoemulsion with oil:surfactant:water ratio of 0.5:1:8.5 had a droplet size of 14.7 nm and PDI of 0.178. Formulation was stable after centrifugation and the Turbiscan analysis showed no particle migration and a delta backscattering of ±1%. Nanoemulsion exhibited around 50% more bioactivity as a fumigant on arthropods when compared to free monoterpenoid. These results suggest that nanoformulations can provide volatile compounds of protection against volatilization, improving their bioactivity.
Chemical Components of Dufour’s and Venom Glands in Camponotus japonicus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Zhao Mengqin , Tang Lingxiao , Ma Ruoqing , He Hong
Published: July 2023

The Dufour’s and venom glands are the most developed glands connected to the female reproductive organs, playing important roles in defense, foraging, information exchange, and reproduction in ants. The main chemical secretions of these glands vary among species and even among castes of the same species. In this study, we analyzed the chemical components of the Dufour’s and venom glands in different castes of Camponotus japonicus (original worker, minor worker, major worker, gyne, and queen) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with two sample processing methods (hexane solution and solid-phase microextraction). The secretion of the Dufour’s gland is characterized by a high ratio of alkanes, with n-undecane being the dominant secretion in all castes except the original workers. The venom gland’s secretion mainly includes alkanes, acids, ketones, and alcohols, with formic acid and n-undecane being the dominant components. Additionally, the chemical composition and proportion of the main components vary significantly among castes, which may be closely related to the division of labor in their social life. This study provides basic information to further understand the function of these two glands in the social life of ants.
Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala
Authors: Price Claire , Campbell Heather , Pope Tom
Published: July 2023

Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB) is an important pest of oilseed rape that was controlled by neonicotinoid seed treatments until they were banned for this use in 2013. Since then, CSFB has been a difficult pest to control, partly due to widespread resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Alternate solutions are necessary. Here, four entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species were tested against CSFB adults under laboratory conditions. In addition, a bioassay was completed to test for EPN compatibility with a range of adjuvants (glycerin, xanthan gum and flame retardant) to protect EPNs from UV radiation and desiccation. Results show that EPNs have the potential to control CSFB adults under laboratory conditions. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora caused 75% CSFB mortality at a concentration of 4000 nematodes/mL after six days, Steinernema feltiae caused 80% CSFB mortality when applied at a concentration of 40,000 nematodes/mL after two days, Steinernema carpocapsae caused 85% mortality at a concentration of 10,000 nematodes/mL after six days, and Steinernema kraussei caused no more than 70% CSFB mortality overall compared to the water control, which led to 23% mortality. Steinernema feltiae and H. bacteriophora survival was 100% when exposed to adjuvants, except S. feltiae with glycerin and H. bacteriophora with flame retardant. Further research to evaluate the efficacy of EPN and adjuvants under field conditions is necessary.
Prospective, Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Extra-Osseous Talotarsal Stabilization (EOTTS) Using HyProCure in Adult Patients with Talotarsal Joint Instability: Assessment of Physical Activity and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Kołodziej Łukasz , Ciechanowicz Dawid , Wójtowicz Maria , Król Marta , Szabałowska Małgorzata , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Szymczak Mateusz , Czajka Radomir
Published: July 2023

Background: The partial dislocation of the talus from the calcaneus and navicular bones is a primary factor leading to a prolonged overpronation during weightbearing. This study aimed to assess the possibility of returning to physical activity and long-term patient satisfaction after an extra-osseous talotarsal stabilization (EOTTS) procedure with a HyProCure sinus tarsi implant for partial talotarsal joint dislocation (TTJ). Methods: A total of 41 adult patients (61 feet), with an average age of 46.41, were included and treated surgically with EOTTS as a stand-alone surgery. Physical activity and functional scores were assessed pre- and post-operatively using questionnaires—the UCLA Activity Score, Symptom-Related Ankle Activity Scale (SAAS), Sports Frequency Score (SFS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and VAS scale. Satisfaction was assessed on a ten-point scale. The follow-up period was on average 8.61 years (from 7.33 to 10.31). Results: EOTTS had a positive impact on physical activity, and a high rate of patient satisfaction (8.95 ± 1.9) was noted. The treatment led to a reduction in foot pain, as well as an increase in SAAS and LEFS scores (15,6% and 19,3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The VAS pain score decreased by 18,6% (p < 0.001). SFS and UCLA scores showed a small increase, but it was not statistically significant. A positive correlation was noted between patient satisfaction and time of physical activity per week (R = 0.33, p = 0.04), and also between patient satisfaction and SAAS scores (R = 0.43, p =0.005). Pain from other joints (knee, hip) was eliminated or reduced in 40% of patients after surgery. Conclusions: EOTTS with a HyProCure implant is an effective long-term treatment option for partial talotarsal joint dislocation, leading to a reduction in foot pain and increased patient satisfaction, and allowing for a return to physical activity.
The Emerging Role of “Failure to Rescue” as the Primary Quality Metric for Cardiovascular Surgery and Critical Care
Authors: Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Zotos Prokopis-Andreas , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Tatsios Evangelos , Bareka Metaxia , Briasoulis Alexandros , Triposkiadis Filippos , Skoularigis John , Athanasiou Thanos
Published: July 2023

We conducted a thorough literature review on the emerging role of failure to rescue (FTR) as a quality metric for cardiovascular surgery and critical care. For this purpose, we identified all original research studies assessing the implementation of FTR in cardiovascular surgery and critical care from 1992 to 2023. All included studies were evaluated for their quality. Although all studies defined FTR as mortality after a surgical complication, a high heterogeneity has been reported among studies regarding the included complications. There are certain factors that affect the FTR, divided into hospital- and patient-related factors. The identification of these factors allowed us to build a stepwise roadmap to reduce the FTR rate. Recently, FTR has further evolved as a metric to assess morbidity instead of mortality, while being also evaluated in the context of interventional cardiology. All these advances are further discussed in the current review, thus providing all the necessary information to surgeons, anesthesiologists, and physicians willing to implement FTR as a metric of quality in their establishment.
Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Why Its Use Is Inappropriate in Children
Authors: Chang Anne B. , Irwin Richard S. , O’Farrell Hannah E. , Dicpinigaitis Peter V. , Goel Suhani , Kantar Ahmad , Marchant Julie M.
Published: July 2023

In children and adults, chronic cough is a common symptom presenting to health professionals worldwide. It is internationally accepted that children with chronic cough should be managed with pediatric specific management guidelines. The newly proposed clinical entity of ‘cough hypersensitivity syndrome’ has gained significant attention in adult literature. Given the significant differences between childhood and adult chronic cough, including in respiratory physiology and anatomy, and cough sensitivity, we address the suitability of the use of cough hypersensitivity syndrome in children. We explore these differences between childhood and adult chronic cough, explain what cough hypersensitivity is and highlight why the term cough hypersensitivity syndrome should not be used in children.