bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Wow, I did it!”: Unexpected success increases preschoolers’ exploratory play on a later task
Authors: Doan Tiffany , Castro Amanda , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Denison Stephanie
Published: July 2020

Exploratory play supports children’s learning, but the factors that influence play are not fully identified. Here, we investigate whether experiencing an unexpected success on an initial task influences children’s exploration on a subsequent task. In Experiment 1 (N=72), we found that when 4-year-olds successfully completed a puzzle that they were told is hard (compared to when they were told that the puzzle is easy or at baseline when no difficulty information was provided), they spent more time exploring and attempted more different interventions with a subsequent novel toy. This suggests that an unexpected success influences children’s subsequent exploration. In Experiment 2 (N=48) we examined two alternative interpretations of the Experiment 1 findings: that children carried over difficulty assumptions from task 1 to the new toy or that children had unused attentional resources. Children completed the puzzle and then were told that the novel toy itself was either easy or hard. Children did not explore longer or more variably across these conditions, providing evidence against these alternative accounts. Our findings point to an important role for past playful experiences: unexpected success on one task motivates children to explore longer and with more breadth on another task.
Disentangling cognitive processes in externalizing psychopathology using drift diffusion modeling: Antagonism, but not Disinhibition, is associated with inhibitory control deficits
Authors: Hall Nathan T , Schreiber Alison , Allen Timothy , Hallquist Michael
Published: July 2020

Although externalizing psychopathology has been linked to deficits in cognitive control, the cognitive processes underlying this association are unclear. In this study, we linked the two major subcomponents of externalizing, Antagonism and Disinhibition, with specific control processes using a battery of inhibitory control tasks and corresponding computational modeling. Participants (final N = 104) completed the flanker, go/no-go, and recent probes tasks, as well as normal and maladaptive personality inventories and measures of psychological distress. We fit participants’ task behavior using a hierarchical drift diffusion model (DDM) to decompose their decisions into specific cognitive processes. Using multilevel structural equation models, we found that Antagonism was associated with faster RTs on the flanker task and lower accuracy on flanker and go/no-go tasks. These results were complemented by DDM parameter associations: Antagonism was linked to decreased threshold and drift rate parameter estimates in the flanker task and a decreased drift rate on no-go trials. Altogether, our findings indicate that Antagonism is associated with specific impairments in fast (sub-second) inhibitory control processes involved in withholding prepared/prepotent responses and filtering distracting information. Disinhibition, however, was not associated with task performance.
Thematic role assignment in non-default verb classes: A cross-linguistic comparison of English and German
Authors: Kyriaki Louise , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina
Published: July 2020

The influence of sentential cues (such as animacy and word order) on thematic role interpretation differs as a function of language (MacWhinney et al. 1984). However, existing cross-linguistic research has typically focused on transitive sentences involving agents, and interpretation of non-default verb classes is less well understood. Here, we compared the way in which English and German native speakers – languages known to differ in the cue prominence of animacy and word order – assign thematic roles. We compared their interpretation of sentences containing either default (agent-subject) or non-default (experiencer-subject) verb classes. Animacy of the two noun phrases in a sentence was either animate-inanimate and plausible (e.g. “The men will devour the meals...”) or inanimate-animate and implausible in English (e.g. “The meals will devour the men…”). We examined role assignment by probing for either the actor or undergoer of the sentence. Mixed effects modelling revealed that role assignment was significantly influenced by noun animacy, verb class, question type, and language. Results are interpreted within the Competition Model framework (Bates et al. 1982; MacWhinney et al. 1984) and show that English speakers predominantly relied on word order for thematic role assignment. German speakers relied on word order to a comparatively lesser degree, with animacy a prominent cue. Cue weightings appeared to be modulated in the context of other cues, with the weighting of an animacy-based strategy over a word-order-based strategy increasing for sentences with non-default (experiencer-subject) verbs and with undergoer-focused questions, particularly where word order was more flexible (i.e. in German as opposed to English). These findings highlight the differential influence of the surrounding context (e.g. question focus) across languages.
The impact of attitudes beliefs and cognitive reflection on the development of critical thinking skills in online students
Authors: Simonovic Boban , Vione Katia , Fido Dean , Stupple Edward , Martin James , Clarke Richard
Published: July 2020

Learning and development of critical thinking skills in higher education is essential for academic achievement. The following experiment is first to examine the effect of online student perceptions and attitudes towards critical thinking across dimensions of confidence, valuing, misconceptions cognitive reflection and authors writing. Furthermore, we developed and examined the effect of four critical thinking workshops with an aim to help students improve their grade point average. Our analyses demonstrated that student’s confidence and cognitive reflection predict academic achievement. Moreover, the online CT intervention improved students’ CT attitudes, skills, and academic performance. Significant interactions were observed between time (pre and post-intervention) and intervention in cognitive reflection (as measured by the extend version of the cognitive reflection test; CRT) confidence beliefs and attitudes related to critical thinking (as measured by the critical thinking toolkit CriTT), and student grade point average (GPA; as measured by students performance on online modules). It was concluded that the critical thinking can be thought and that an intervention based ‘how to think’ rather than ‘what to think’ mixed approach can help students develop critical thinking, strengthen their confidence in critical thinking and help students improve their academic performance in an online setting.
Handedness in ADHD: Meta-Analyses
Authors: Nastou Evgenia , Ocklenburg Sebastian , Hoogman Martine , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta
Published: July 2020

Meta-analyses have shown that several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, are associated with a higher prevalence of atypical (left-, non-right-, and/or mixed-) handedness. One neurodevelopmental disorder for which this association is unclear is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, some empirical studies have found evidence for a higher prevalence of atypical handedness in individuals with ADHD compared to neurotypical individuals. However, other studies failed to establish such an association. Therefore, meta-analytic integration is critical to estimate whether or not there is an association between handedness and ADHD. We report the results of three meta-analyses (left-, mixed-, and non-right-handedness) comparing handedness in individuals with ADHD to controls (typically developing individuals). The results show evidence of a trend towards elevated levels of atypical handedness when it comes to differences in left- and mixed-handedness (p = 0.09 and p = 0.07, respectively), but do show clear evidence of elevated levels of non-right-handedness between individuals with ADHD and controls (p = 0.02). These findings are discussed in the context of the hypothesis that ADHD is a disorder in which mostly right-hemispheric brain networks are affected. Since right-handedness represents a dominance of the left motor cortex for fine motor behavior, such as writing, as well as a left-hemispheric dominance for language functions, and about 90% of individuals are right-handers, this hypothesis might explain why there is not stronger evidence for an association of left-handedness with ADHD. We suggest that the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD might show an overlap with the mechanisms involved in handedness strength, but not handedness direction.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Nelson Mandela’s Defense Speech I am Prepared to Die
Authors: Aldosari Bader Nasser
Published: July 2020

This paper attempts to present a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Nelson Mandela’s defense speech I am prepared to die, which was delivered in 1964 during his trial in what is often called as Rivonia Trial. More specifically, the paper tries to explore the hidden relations of power and ideologies that have been encoded in Mandela’s defense speech. The main research question is: what are the ideological meanings Mandela tries to communicate through his speech, and how are these ideologies conveyed by CDA strategies? The paper draws on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), as discussed in the writings of Fairclough (1989, 2013) and Van Dijk (1993, 2001, 2014). The analysis covers two levels of analysis: the lexical level and the pragmatic level of analysis. Both levels are discussed under the theoretical umbrella of CDA. The paper reveals that Mandela managed, by using specific CDA strategies, to communicate particular ideological meanings that reflect his political stance, as well as his rebellious spirit as the most distinguished revolutionary leader who struggles against racial discrimination in South Africa.
Práctica patrimonial en Lanús, Argentina
Authors: García Analía Patricia
Published: July 2020

En el municipio de Lanús, Argentina existen referentes patrimoniales asociados a una familia que aportó a su crecimiento y formación local. Los restos de una chacra del siglo XIX, asociada a la misma familia se encuentra entre la patrimonialización y el olvido. Con el fin de aportar a la deconstrucción de la noción de patrimonio, se propone analizar los motivos vinculados al olvido que se relacionan con la patrimonialización como práctica jurídica, pasando por conceptos como historia e identidad que son de importancia en la legislación argentina. Se concluye que hay tres puntos de partida para deconstruir la noción de patrimonio, primero pensar el olvido mirando hacia la sociedad y sin descartar las intencionalidades políticas, segundo pensar la identidad como discurso y tercero pensar la historia desde múltiples temporalidades.
Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi, Persistensi Laba, Dan Risiko Sistematik Terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient (Erc) Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2016-2018
Authors: Chandra Yopie
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti secara empiris mengenai konservatisme akuntansi, persistensi laba, dan risiko sistematik terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan 42 perusahaan manufaktur yang telah diseleksi menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan total 126 data selama tiga tahun. Pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan software Eviews version 9.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) konservatisme akuntansi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient; 2) persistensi laba memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient; dan 3) risiko sistematik tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME, KOMPETENSI, DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEMERIKSA PAJAK : KONFLIK PERAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI
Authors: Andriani Ruth Novita , Ratnawati Vince , Wahyuni Nita
Published: July 2020

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of professionalism, competence, and job satisfaction to the tax auditors performance. In addition, this study also aims to determine the role of role conflict in moderating the influence of professionalism, competence, and job satisfaction on the performance of auditors who worked at Tax Office (KPP) in Riau’s Directorate General of Tax (DJP Riau). The data in this study is the primary data. The sampling method used in this study saturated method. The sample used in this study were 83 respondents. The method of data analysis used to the test the hypothesis is SEM PLS using WarpPLS version 6.0. The result of this study is showed that professionalism, competence, and job satisfaction showed influence on the tax auditors performance. The role conflict could moderate the influence of professionalism to tax auditors performance. The role conflict couldn’t moderate the influence of competence and job satisfaction to tax auditors performance
Outcome of diagnosed cases of appendicitis and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound of the appendix
Authors: Sharma Bhoj Raj , Paudel Nawaraj , Parajuli Santwana , Singh Sushma , Timilsina Madhu Maya
Published: July 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common condition requiring an emergency ultrasound scan as well as surgery. Several scoring systems for acute appendicitis has been suggested to improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease the negative appendectomy rate. In this study, we have evaluated the diagnostic performance of ultrasound on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, other appendicular pathology, and correlate with surgical outcome.

Material and methods: This retrospective study included 776 cases of ultrasound scan reports in which the appendix was visualized and not visualized or equivocal. Data were collected from October 2014 to April 2019 from different department and wards of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center (GMCTHRC). All the cases with diagnosed acute appendicitis, appendicular lump, and appendicular abscess were included and were followed for its surgical outcome. The surgical note or post-operative findings served as the reference standard for determining whether perforation was present or not.

Result: There were 776 ultrasound scans for suspected appendicitis out of which 423 (54.5%) were diagnosed as appendicular pathology. Out of 423 diagnosed cases, 192 (45.4%) were males and 231 (54.6%) were females, with age ranging from 24 months to 87 years. Sonographic findings, in these positive subjects, suggested acute appendicitis, appendicular lump, abscess, and amount of free fluid in right iliac fossa (RIF) and pelvic cavity. Frank acute appendicitis was present in 378 (89.3%) cases, eight (1.9%) cases had an appendicular abscess, 23 (5.4%) had an appendicular lump and 14 (3.3%) had perforated appendicitis.

Conclusion: We conclude that ultrasound is a good modality for visualization of appendicitis with other appendicular pathology. We could follow a structured report and identify pathology more specifically. Ultrasound is an easy and non-invasive test to investigate.
Abortion Law awareness and Abortion Services Utilization among reproductive age women of Inarwa municipality of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal Vijay Kumar , Ghimire Hari Prasad , Bhattachan Meika , Nepal Gyanu , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Sharma Khem Raj , Gupta Pramendra Prasad , Pokhrel Paras Kumar
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Globally, reproductive health and quality of life among female population has been found to be unsatisfactory in developing world. Until 1963, Nepal’s 1854 legal code known as MulukiAin was revised numerous times that banned abortion exempting risk of women’s life. Enactment of New Abortion Policy from 2003 brought landmark reforms to the women’s choice in family planning methods and ended the sufferings of lengthy prison sentences for abortion crimes. This study was conducted to explore the level of awareness about abortion law with regard to health care utilization among women of reproductive age group along with its association with socio-demographic characteristics.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2014, in Inarwa Municipality among women of reproductive age group (16 to 49 years). Convenient sampling was done to collect data from households. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 11.5 and presented in tabular form. Chi-square test was used to show association of awareness of abortion law and socio-demographic variables.

Results: education, age at first marriage and age at 1st pregnancy was found to be significant (p value: <0.005).

Conclusion: As media was the most used source of information, more education on awareness of abortion law and health care utilization should be disseminated through this medium.
Exploring the potential of human adipocytes in periodontal regeneration: A review
Authors: Ranjit Rebicca , Manandhar Pratik , Bista Soni
Published: July 2020

Stem cells, initially identified in embryonic tissues and later in numerous adult tissues, tend to possess the potentiality to differentiate into various cell types. Though most flexible of all stem cell lines, ethical issues restrict the use of embryonic cells. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and adult stem cells (e.g: bone marrow stroma) can also be used. However, procurement of autologous bone marrow has its potential limitations. An alternate source of autologous adult stem cells which can be procured in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be of keen interest. In the present context, human adult adipose tissue may be the best appropriate alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells. Studies have shown that adipose stem cells (ASCs) extracted from subcutaneous human adult adipose tissue tend to contain heterogeneous cell population called stromal vascular fraction (SVF). It may be used directly or cultured in for selection and expansion of an adherent population, and hence, they are called ASCs. The adipose tissue, obtained by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e., liposuction), are processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells, also called processed lipoaspirate (PLA). PLA cells has the potentiality to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic cells in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. This attributable feature of ASCs may be of significant importance in future clinical cell-based therapy for periodontal disease as well. This review describes current knowledge & recent advances in ASCs & their application. This review describes current knowledge and recent advances in ASCs and their application in periodontal regeneration.
Knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar Sarita , Gurung Jamuna
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a common health problem in Nepal. It is inflammation of conjunctiva presenting as red eye. It is a communicable eye disease. Health education to the students and proper management can help spread of the disease. Knowledge of conjunctivitis among school students will help in prevention of the disease. So the study was carried out to assess the knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal.

Materials/ Methods: A school based cross sectional study was performed among six government schools in western Nepal from May 2019 to June 2019. Students from grade eight, nine and ten were included in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge regarding sign symptoms of conjunctivitis, treatment, prevention, complication of conjunctivitis. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.6.

Result: A total of 523 students were included in the study. The mean age of the students was 14.7 ± 1.2 years with majority of females (53%). Nearly 2/3rd of the students (61.6%) had heard of conjunctivitis. Majority of the students (87.4%) of the students mentioned that it is communicable while 80.3% of the students correctly mentioned its etiology. Majority of the students (97.9%) mentioned that it is curable with treatment as first option (97.5%). Majority of the students (98.3%) correctly responded to the preventive measures but majority of the students (83.2%) wrongly mentioned mode of transmission.

Conclusion: Secondary school students in Western Nepal have poor knowledge of conjunctivitis. Appropriate eye health education should be given to school students to prevent rapid spread of infective conjunctivitis.
Mesio-distal crown width in permanent dentition amongst adolescent population of Province II of Nepal
Authors: Jaiswal Alok Kumar , Parajuli Umesh , Bajracharya Manish , Singh Binita
Published: July 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to gather normative data on the mesio-distal crown dimensions amongst adolescent population of Province II, Nepal, to make an accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. It will also be useful in various clinical disciplines of dentistry including basic dental and anthropological research.

Materials and Methods: Samples were selected Full form OPD of M B Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal. Total numbers of participants were 120, out of which 60 males and 60 females were selected after initial examination aged between 11 to 23 years. Subjects with all permanent teeth erupted (except second and third molar) without any history of previous orthodontic treatment and with no dental anomalies were included in this study. The alginate impressions were made by the well trained dental surgeon. Digital vernier calliper providing measurements to ± 0.01millimeter(mm) was used to measure the mesio-distal dimension of all teeth.

Results: The mean, range and standard deviation were calculated for the size of the teeth. Independent t-test was used to compare between male and female population. The significance level was set at p value <= 0.05. The population of Province II, Nepal shows greater sexual dimorphism in mesio-distal crown dimension which was exhibited by the maxillary molars (0.88 mm) followed by mandibular molars (0.38 mm). Similarly in anterior tooth segment the maxillary canines (0.29 mm) followed by the mandibular canines (0.27 mm).

Conclusion: The mean mesio-distal crown dimensions of the permanent dentition of males were larger than that of females for each type of tooth except maxillary central and lateral incisor.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound infections among adult patients attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sanjib Mani , Sharma Binita Koirala , Lamichhane Prem Prasad , Gautam Gyanendra , Pradhan Shanti , Kuwar Ratna
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Wound infections are significant group of infections in the hospitals worldwide. The wide spread uses of antimicrobial agents lead to emergence of resistant pathogens contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Accurate and prompt antimicrobial therapy is required to reduce the complications. This study was aimed to investigate pyogenic bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility patterns.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital from July to December 2018. Wound specimens obtained from adult patients were inoculated onto appropriate media and pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).

Results: A total of 264 specimens were included in the study of which 167 (63.3%) were positive for bacterial growth. Of these, polymicrobial growth was observed in two specimens. Gram positive bacteria (119, 70.4%) were the leading cause of infections, Staphylococcus aureus (102, 85.7%) being the most dominant. Among the Gram negative pathogens (50, 29.6%), Escherichia coli (31,62%) was found to be the predominant followed by Pseudomonas aeurogenosa (10, 20%). Overall, the isolates were resistance to Ampicillin (90.7%), Amoxycillin (64.9%), Cloxacillin (68%), Ofloxacin (61.5%) and Cotrimoxazole (55.6%). Lesser rates of resistance were observed to Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Imipenem.

Conclusion: This study revealed the most common pathogens causing pyogenic wound infections in our setting. Again, these pathogens are resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, this study could be helpful to develop proper guidelines of antibiotics to be used for prophylactic and empiric treatment.
All about COVID-19 what do we know?
Authors: Kandel Dipendra
Published: July 2020

Not Available
Ethical challenges in medical practice in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Nuwadatta
Published: July 2020

Not available
Establishing surface projection of Temporo- Mandibular Joint using tragus of ear as landmark
Authors: Baral Prakash , Awasthi Janak , Shrestha Rami , Sapkota Subas , Chaudhari Binod , Koju Sapna
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint between the articular fossa of the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle. It is condylar variety of joint. The most important functions of the TMJ are mastication and speech and are of great interest to anatomists, dentists, orthodontists and oro-maxillo-facial surgeons. The study was conducted with objective to establish the surface projection of Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) using tragus of ear as land mark.

Materials and methods: Twenty five cadavers dissected in pre auricular area on both right and left side were studied. Out of 25 cadavers, 18 were male and seven were females. The temporo-mandibular joints were exposed on both sides, keeping the tragus of the ear intact. Altogether fifty temporo-mandibular joints were studied. On living persons, condylar head of TMJ were palpated while the subjects were carrying out side to side movement of lower jaw. The distance between the summit of the tragus and the marking on condylar head was measured with the help of divider and scale.

Result: The mean distance in millimeter (mm) from midpoint of condylar head to the summit of tragus in all living subjects and cadavers (n=150) was 12.5 ± 3.5 mm and the mean length of distal phalanx of fore finger in all living subjects and cadavers (n=150) was 22 ± 4 mm.

Conclusion: The mandibular condyle can be palpated at 12.5 ± 3.5 mm distance from summit of tragus of ear (i.e. Half-length of distal phalanx of fore finger which is 22 ± 4 mm) just below the inferior border of zygomatic arch.
Association of Preoperative mid-stream urine culture, Renal pelvic urine culture and Renal stone culture in the detection of Systemic inflammatory response syndrome/urosepsis post Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Thapa Neeraj , Baral Suman , Maharjan Nabina , Chettri Raj Kumar , Acharya Suminma , Karki Kamal , Mahato Ranjit
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Urosepsis post Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a dreaded complication with high mortality rate. Objective: To find the association of preoperative midstream urine culture (PMUC), renal pelvic urine culture (RPUC) and renal stone culture (RSC) in the post-operative development of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and urosepsis.

Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional observational study. The study included all symptomatic patients meeting the inclusion criteria who underwent Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy from 18th August, 2019 to 28th March, 2020. PMUC, RPUC and RSC were done and analyzed accordingly.

Results: A total of 140 (73 males, 67 females) patients underwent PCNL. PMUC was positive in 15% (21/140) as compared to RPUC and RSC which were 7.9 % (11/140) and 4.3% (6/140) of total cases. None of the patients had simultaneous culture positivity in all the three types of specimens. Only two (1.42%) patients had simultaneous positivity in pelvic urine culture and stone culture. The organisms obtained in pelvic urine culture and stone culture were same i.e. Klebsiella and Escherichia coli respectively. Only two (1.42%) patients developed SIRS post PCNL, where in both the cases stone culture were positive but PMUC and RPUC were negative. Urosepsis was found in none of the patients. In the Fischer Exact test PMUC and RPUC were not statistically significant in the detection of SIRS post PCNL. Whereas only RSC showed statistical significance in the detection of SIRS.

Conclusion: Stone culture has high prediction for SIRS and it might be considered for patients undergoing PCNL in order to prevent stone related infective complications.
Effects of Chemical Pretreatments on Physiochemical and Drying Characteristics of Solar-Dried Tomatoe (Lycopersicon esculantum) Slices
Authors: Chapagain M. , Ojha P. , Karki R. , Subedi U. , Shrestha M.B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract available with the full text.
Changes in Dry Matter, Oleoresin and Bioactive Components during Ripening of Different Chilli Pepper Cultivars of Nepal
Authors: Subedi U. , Karki R. , Ojha P. , Shrestha S.L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract available with the full text.
Evaluation of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Cultivars to Expand Production Period in Eastern Hills of Nepal
Authors: Acharya U.K. , Pakka R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract available on the full text.
Major Insects and Diseases of Carnation Cut Flowers and their Management in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari D. , Pun U.
Published: July 2020

Abstract available on the PDF.
An Overview of Large Cardamom Sub-sector for the Improvement of Present Situation of Production, Processing and Marketing
Authors: Thapa M.B. , Dhimal S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract available with the full text.
La participación de los productores en la Mesa de Desarrollo Rural de Treinta y Tres
Authors: Descalzi Elena
Published: July 2020

Las Mesas de Desarrollo Rural (MDR) han sido utilizadas para involucrar a los actores locales en el diseño y la implementación de las políticas públicas que se relacionan con el desarrollo rural. Como innovación institucional y organizacional, estos nuevos espacios se encuentran en proceso de construcción en el Uruguay, por lo que resulta relevante contribuir a evaluar su funcionamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar para mejorar el conocimiento del funcionamiento de estos nuevos dispositivos de desarrollo rural. La investigación se centró en conocer cómo los productores familiares de la MDR Treinta y Tres perciben su participación en la misma y aportar elementos para mejorar su funcionamiento. Se realizó una sistematización de las investigaciones nacionales relacionadas con el tema y se revisó bibliografía disponible. A partir de este trabajo se propusieron cuatro categorías de análisis: motivación y formación para la participación, incidencia de las opiniones de los productores en la toma de decisiones, posibilidad que tienen los productores para plantear iniciativas y el funcionamiento concreto de la MDR Treinta y Tres. Se realizaron tres entrevistas exploratorias a informantes clave que pertenecen a la institucionalidad pública y diez entrevistas en profundidad a productores de la MDR Treinta y Tres. Mediante la triangulación de herramientas y fuentes de información, surge como principal resultado la importancia de problematizar la participación de los productores en estos nuevos dispositivos interinstitucionales para que representen verdaderos ámbitos de desarrollo rural. La participación es un término muy empleado y con diversos significados según la perspectiva política, económica o social desde donde se lo utilice, lo que genera una cierta ambigüedad conceptual. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que los productores y sus organizaciones aún no reconocen plenamente en las MDR un espacio real de participación para la promoción efectiva del desarrollo rural.
Gobernanza y tipos de subjetividad de actores sociales de Guichón sobre el área protegida Montes del Queguay
Authors: Filardo Verónica , Gravina Virginia
Published: July 2020

Los instrumentos de protección y conservación de recursos naturales (como son las áreas protegidas) constituyen paradigmáticamente casos de ordenamiento y planeamiento territorial. Asimismo, los procesos de aplicación de instrumentos de ordenamiento en los territorios suponen conflictos y diferenciales de poder y de grados de afectación entre diferentes actores locales. El estudio de sistemas socioecológicos subraya la importancia del análisis simultáneo de las dimensiones ecológica, social y cultural de los sistemas, debido a su mutua adaptación y a la retroalimentación que se da entre las diferentes dimensiones. La existencia de conflictos entre actores locales, así como la valoración que realicen en torno a los procesos de ordenamiento y la gobernanza son insumos relevantes a tener cuenta en la gestión territorial(1). En este trabajo se presentan resultados de la segunda etapa de una investigación sobre el Área Protegida de Recursos Manejados Montes del Queguay en el departamento de Paysandú (Uruguay), que se orientó a identificar subjetividades, detectar los conflictos y las tensiones entre los actores sociales en torno al territorio, la gobernanza y los servicios ecosistémicos de la zona. Se presentan los tipos de subjetividad identificados en actores sociales que operan en el territorio y forman parten del sistema de gobernanza del Area, vinculados a la posición que ocupan en la estructura social, a partir de la aplicación de la metodología Q.
La productividad de los conflictos ambientales y su aporte para la innovación social
Authors: Merlinsky María Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Los conflictos ambientales son disputas de carácter social y político en torno a la apropiación, producción, distribución y gestión de los recursos naturales. Son eventos que ponen en cuestión las relaciones de poder que implica el uso preferencial que hacen algunos actores de esos recursos a expensas de otros. En su evolución se abren discusiones sobre impactos ambientales y asimismo se produce una redefinición de los problemas públicos bajo nuevas dimensiones económicas, sociales y culturales. En este artículo proponemos que los conflictos ambientales dan lugar a la producción de conocimientos que nutren diferentes procesos de innovación social. Para desarrollar nuestro argumento, exponemos una perspectiva teórico-metodológica para el estudio de la productividad (efectos) de los conflictos ambientales y mostramos ejemplos para entender sus implicancias en materia de innovación social a lo largo de tres dimensiones: jurídica, territorial y político-institucional.
FINTECH REGULATORY SANDBOXES IN AUSTRALIA AND MALAYSIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Khalid Maryam , Kunhibava Sherin
Published: July 2020

With the era of digitalization, regulatory sandboxes have been the trend adopted by most financial regulators around the world in regulating financial technology (fintech). Regulatory sandboxes act as a pilot programme to regulate fintech services and products with several legal exemptions given to the service providers within established parameters. In 2016, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Malaysian Central Bank followed the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to introduce regulatory sandboxes within their legal framework. To date, previous literature has only provided a minimal analytical overview of the Malaysian and Australian regulatory sandbox. Hence, this article aims to fill that gap in literature. The methodology used for this study is both doctrinal and comparative legal analysis. The main objective of this study is to analyse the key characteristics of fintech regulatory sandboxes by comparing the Australian and Malaysian regulatory structures of these sandboxes. Due to nascent nature of Malaysian and Australian fintech regulations, this contributes to the growing knowledge in the financial regulation literature. Moreover, the findings on the operation of the regulatory sandboxes in both jurisdictions is expected to bring practical value for further research.
FEED-IN TARIFF, AUCTIONS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SCHEMES IN MALAYSIA: LESSONS FROM OTHER JURISDICTIONS
Authors: Ghazali Farahdilah , Ansari Abdul Haseeb , Mustafa Maizatun , Wan Zahari Wan Mohd Zulhafiz
Published: July 2020

Malaysia introduced Feed-in Tariff (FiT) in 2004 to incentivise renewable energy projects through the implementation of the National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan 2009 and the Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 725). Nevertheless, this FiT system failed to assist the country in increasing electricity generation from renewable sources. Later, auctions were introduced to boost the renewable shares, particularly solar photovoltaic power generation, after the quota for solar under the FiT were taken up. The tenders incorporated standard form of the contract along with a long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) which induced for the lowest price for power generation and guaranteed access to the national grid. This measure is considered as an excellent instrument to expand the renewable energy sector. There has always been a question: whether abandoning FiT for auctions is a feasible choice in the interest of sustainable clean energy for sustainable development? The main objective of the present article is to investigate the implementation of auctions to support renewable energy development in Malaysia and to examine whether auctions could replace FiT. This study adopted a doctrinal and comparative approach. It concluded that competitive bidding is preferable to support mature technology and large-scale generations, while FiT should be sustained to support new technologies. The article has also identified several countries such as Germany and India, who have successfully implemented competitive bidding systems to support the aspiration to expand the renewable energy sector.
SARS-Cov-2 Natural or Artificial? That is the Question
Authors: Sousa Alejandro , Sousa Alejandro
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most serious health problem of the 21st century. Knowing
whether its origin was natural or artificial is an extremely important fact, especially due to the ethical debate
that should be generated on gain-of-function investigations in high-security laboratories around the world.
We analyse all the existing evidence on the possible origin of the SARS-CoV-2 trying to join the pieces and
thus obtain an overview that allows us to see beyond the isolated publications.
Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients Presenting with COVID-19
Authors: Moors Ine , Callens Rutger , Stevens Dieter , Dhont Sebastiaan , Peys Elise , Moors Ine
Published: July 2020

Patients with hematological malignancies are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 with a high mortality
rate. In AML, more and more patients are treated on an outpatient basis. This gives rise to two dilemmas
in the face of COVID-19. The first one is whether to temporarily interrupt the oral antileukemia treatment
and the second one is which patients should be intubated. Here, we describe our institutional approach and
the underlying rationale in patients on lower intensity treatments for AML presenting with COVID-19
Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type: A Narrative Review
Authors: Parker Nathaniel A. , Parker Nathaniel A. , Al-Obaidi Ammar , D Al Hadeethi , K Choucair , PV Truong
Published: July 2020

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare manifestations of extranodal lymphomas. Comprising the majority
of cutaneous lymphoma cases with neoplastic B-cell origins, three main subtypes exist. In general, grossly
and microscopically these subtypes are similar. However, these are three distinct variants with diverse
clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, molecular, and prognostic features. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma, leg type is an exceedingly rare and aggressive variant of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.
Thus, increased clinical awareness is needed to differentiate between the three subtypes because earlier
identification not only leads to the appropriate treatment, but also improved survival. Here, characteristic
features of the three predominant variants of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are presented while
remaining focused on the most aggressive subtype- primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg
type.
Water-soluble SCR7 Can Abrogate DNA End Joining and Induce Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Raghavan Sathees C. , Ray Ujjayinee , Elizabeth Jose Anjana , Suresh Rohini , Kaloor Uthara , Swarup Hassan A. , Nambiar Mridula , Raghavan Sathees C.
Published: July 2020

Small molecule inhibitors targeting DNA repair pathways in cancer cells is a novel and promising approach
in cancer therapy, which can improve current therapeutic regimen. Although various attempts have been
made for designing inhibitors against DNA damage response and repair proteins, reports on
Nonhomologous End Joining (NHEJ) inhibitors are limited. Of the several chemical moieties identified,
SCR7 and its oxidized form are novel and potent DNA Ligase IV inhibitors involved in the abrogation of
DNA end joining thereby leading to cell death. In the present study, we have synthesized sodium salt of
SCR7 to generate a water-soluble version of the molecule, referred to as water-soluble SCR7 (WS-SCR7).
WS-SCR7 inhibits NHEJ in Ligase IV dependent manner, with a subtle effect on Ligase III at higher
concentration. No effect on Ligase I mediated joining was observed. WS-SCR7 shows cytotoxicity in cancer
cell lines, leading to induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
Knowledge of UK Dental Undergraduates and Dentists in Treating Dentine Hypersensitivity
Authors: Gillam D G , Hatton J. , Kumar K. , Gillam D G
Published: July 2020

Aim: The purpose of the present questionnaire-based study was to evaluate the knowledge and
understanding of UK based dental undergraduates and qualified dentists in treating Dentine Hypersensitivity
(DH).
Methods: 120 questionnaires were handed out to 4th and 5th year dental students and Staff at the Dental
Hospital in London UK as part of a collaborative study with the Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru,
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions, which included both open and
closed questions.
Results: 91 questionnaires (75.8% response rate) were returned; of the 91 respondents (38M; 52F, 1 missing
value) 53 were dentists (61%) and 34 were dental students (39%) (4 missing values). 37.5% of students
indicated that 10% of patients suffered from DH whereas 18.9% of dentists indicated that 25% of patients
suffered from DH. Both dentists (22.6%) and 27.5% of students indicated that DH lasted >12 weeks. 18.9%
of dentists considered that DH was a serious problem for patients although 32.5% of students were not sure.
Dentists (66%) and students (62.5%) indicated that DH had a major impact on the quality of life (QOL)
with 51.1% (dentists) and 56.3% (students) indicating that it was moderate in nature.
Conclusion: The results of the present pilot study would suggest that in terms of knowledge and
understanding of DH (e.g., hydrodynamic theory) both dentists (90.5%) and students (76.9%) were
comparable although in the assessment and subsequent management of DH the results indicated that dentists
were more confident than the students.
Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Patient with Obesity and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Belluzzi Amanda , Belluzzi Amanda , Foletto M
Published: July 2020

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder with a huge variety of signs and
symptoms. Gastrointestinal manifestations may be present in up to 50% of patients. We here report bariatric
surgery in a patient with EDS, focusing on management challenges, preoperative assessment and one-year
outcome. A 56-year-old woman with hypermobility-type (HM) EDS, BMI 42,5 kg/m2
and hypertension
underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). She was uneventfully discharged on POD3. One-year
after the operation her BMI was 28,3 kg/m2
and hypertension receded. Postoperative upper GI series (POD60) did show neither reflux nor esophageal dysmotility. Bariatric surgery in patients with EDS can be
challenging due to the potential risks of wound healing. Proper preoperative assessment and follow up
should be strongly recommended.
Esophageal Perforation in a Patient with Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Authors: Salik Irim , Salik Irim , Easwar Jasmeet
Published: July 2020

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a rare syndrome caused by an inborn error of cholesterol
metabolism secondary to a deficiency in the 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) reductase enzyme leading to
hypocholesterolemia. A broad spectrum of clinical manifestations can have significant surgical and
anaesthetic implications. Patients exhibit growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart disease and
moderate to severe intellectual disability. Distinctive facial features including micrognathia, cleft palate and
prominent incisors can lead to difficult airway management [1]. We present the case of a 16-year-old female
with SLOS who developed an esophageal perforation following esophageal foreign body retrieval.
Anaesthetic and surgical considerations in a patient with SLOS are discussed.
The Effect of Dental Enamel Pre-Etching for Self-Etching Adhesives According to their Primer pH: An In Vitro Bond Strength, Etching Pattern and Adhesive Failure Evaluation
Authors: Nicolas-Silvente Ana I. , Nicolas-Silvente Ana I. , Chiva-Garcia Fernando , Sanchez-Perez Arturo
Published: July 2020

Dental enamel pre-etching before the application of a self-etching adhesive (SEA) has different effects
depending on the pH of the adhesive acidic monomer, being not always beneficial. This study aimed to
evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), etching pattern, and fracture type of different acidity SEAs, with
and without previous phosphoric acid etching. One-hundred-sixty bovine incisors were subjected to SBS
testing with the following adhesive systems: Adper-Prompt-L-Pop (APLP) (strong acidity), Futurabond NR
(FB), AdheSE One F (AD) (intermediary acidity) and Clearfil SE (CSE) (mild acidity), with and without
previous phosphoric acid etching. Results were evaluated applying both ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Besides,
forty bovine incisors were used to assess etching patterns using scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM).
Adhesive failure was evaluated, classifying bond failure as one of five types. SBS averages were (MPa):
without pre-etching: APLP (20.61±11.84), CSE (17.29±10.16), FB (11.44±6.99), AD (7.88±4.85) and with
pre-etching: APLP (16.17±9.68), CSE (25.96±11.75), FB (20.12±9.39), AD (14,28±9.42). Different enamel
etching patterns were observed depending on each SEA’s pH and whether the surface was pre-etched. Most
fracture failures were adhesive type. Less than 10 % were cohesive type. SBS improves when mild and
intermediary strength SEAs are pre-etched. However, it decreases when strong SEAs are pre-etched.
A Rare Intra-Operative Sighting of Appendiceal Diverticulitis
Authors: Fedder Artemis , Jones Patrick , Fedder Artemis , Harris Colin , Alkhazaaleh Oddai
Published: July 2020

Appendiceal diverticulitis is a rare diagnosis and culprit for acute appendicitis. The majority of these cases
are diagnosed post-operatively on histopathology. In the following case it was grossly identifiable intraoperatively. Our treatment was appendicectomy. The purpose of this article was to provide pictorial
evidence of this exceedingly rare intra-operative finding.