bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Model of Experiential Learning within the Social Virtual World of Second Life
Authors: Knutzen K. Brant
Published: September 2019

This study examined how multi-user virtual worlds can enhance learning, by extending and refining a prior VR-based model to include two new constructs: virtual identity, and social constructivism. The fit of the model was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the results supported both the extension and the hypothesized refined model. Findings: VR features were found to indirectly impact on the learning outcomes, mediated by the perception of usability and the learning experience. The learning experience was measured by seven individual psychological factors: presence, virtual identity, motivation, cognitive benefits, agentic learning, social constructivism, and reflective thinking. These factors mediated the learning outcomes, measured by the perception of learning effectiveness and satisfaction, and may have a range of implications for the instructional design of learning activities using the virtual world. This research blends a technology acceptance model with the technology-mediated learning perspective to advance the development of a hybrid theoretical framework as a basis for future research into enhanced learning within a social virtual world.
Primary health care nursing students’ knowledge of and attitude towards the provision of preconception care in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ukoha Winifred C. , Dube Makhosi
Published: September 2019

Background: Sub-Saharan African countries have been the worst affected by the high incidence of maternal and child mortality rates and HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) pandemic. Preventive care is the area that requires serious attention as a lot of maternal and child morbidity and mortality can be averted through rendering comprehensive care to women of child-bearing age. Preconception care (PCC) is recognised as an important factor in improving pregnancy outcome; yet, most primary health care (PHC) nurses lack the necessary resources to render PCC.Aim: To describe the PHC nursing student’s knowledge of and attitude towards the provision of PCC.Setting: Higher Education Institution that offers PHC programme at six different sites to nurses working in the PHC clinics in the province.Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive study design was used. The total population from three sites selected, based on their geographical location were all invited to participate in the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data which was subsequently analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.Results: The response rate was approximately 85% (n = 138). The respondents have practised in the PHC clinic for more than 1 year. Study centre, age and area of employment were found to be predictors of knowledge, but no direct association was found between the demographic factor and attitude. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between knowledge and age, and between the area of employment and attitude.Conclusion: PHC nursing students were knowledgeable and had a favourable attitude towards PCC, but the absence of PCC resources in many practices has hindered them to a greater extent. It is recommended that for proper implementation of PCC to occur, health care workers should be provided with the necessary resources.
Advancing Our Understanding of Narrative Comments Generated by Direct Observation Tools: Lessons From the Psychopharmacotherapy-Structured Clinical Observation
Authors: Young John Q. , Sugarman Rebekah , Holmboe Eric , O'Sullivan Patricia S.
Published: September 2019

Background

While prior research has focused on the validity of quantitative ratings generated by direct observation tools, much less is known about the written comments.

Objective

This study examines the quality of written comments and their relationship with checklist scores generated by a direct observation tool, the Psychopharmacotherapy-Structured Clinical Observation (P-SCO).

Methods

From 2008 to 2012, faculty in a postgraduate year 3 psychiatry outpatient clinic completed 601 P-SCOs. Twenty-five percent were randomly selected from each year; the sample included 8 faculty and 57 residents. To assess quality, comments were coded for valence (reinforcing or corrective), behavioral specificity, and content. To assess the relationship between comments and scores, the authors calculated the correlation between comment and checklist score valence and examined the degree to which comments and checklist scores addressed the same content.

Results

Ninety-one percent of the comments were behaviorally specific. Sixty percent were reinforcing, and 40% were corrective. Eight themes were identified, including 2 constructs not adequately represented by the checklist. Comment and checklist score valence was moderately correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.57, P < .001). Sixty-seven percent of high and low checklist scores were associated with a comment of the same valence and content. Only 50% of overall comments were associated with a checklist score of the same valence and content.

Conclusions

A direct observation tool such as the P-SCO can generate high-quality written comments. Narrative comments both explain checklist scores and convey unique content. Thematic coding of comments can improve the content validity of a checklist.
On the Mitigation of Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) of Mild Steel Using Local Cathodic Protection
Authors: Cao Q. , Brameld M. , Birbilis N. , Thomas S.
Published: September 2019

A strategy based on cathodic protection (CP) could be a practically feasible means to protect steel piping from corrosion under insulation. However, experimental studies investigating CP of steel through moist insulation are scarce. Herein, CP was explored to protect insulated steel specimens using sacrificial zinc anodes. The conditions to effectively impart CP through the moist insulation have been discussed. The “throwing power” or protection achieved using sacrificial zinc anodes coupled with mild steel specimens in moist insulation was also estimated using copper electroplating. It was validated that the efficacy of CP depends upon the ionic resistivity of the moist insulation and the moisture content (by volume) must be >25% for efficient ionic conductivity through the insulation. The maximum throwing power of CP through the insulation was achieved when zinc was in direct physical contact with mild steel, with zinc to mild steel area ratio being 1:10.
Zelfbeschadigend gedrag: complex, maar herstel is mogelijk
Authors: Kool Nienke , van Meijel Berno
Published: September 2019

Self-harming behavior: complex, but recovery is possible

Self-harming behavior among adolescents is an alarming phenomenon: it is a sign of underlying suffering and not knowing how to handle this. Often, there are intense and overwhelming emotions which are unbearable for these patients, or emotions can be completely absent. There are indications that the number of adolescents who self-harm is increasing. In contact with these young people the attitude of professionals is extremely important. Self-harming behavior also has a great impact on professionals, in some cases leading to a deterioration of the relationship with the patient who self-harms. In the first part of this article the phenomenon of self-harm will be described, as well as the prevalence of self-harm among adolescents. In the second part, a qualitative study regarding the patients’ perspective on recovery from severe self-harming behavior is presented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who had successfully stopped their severe self-harming behavior. Although the participants were adults, their problems started during adolescence, thereby influencing their recovery. The study was executed based on the grounded theory method. The researchers found that the process of stopping self-harm proceeds according to six phases. The bond between professional and patient was identified as key to all phases of the process of recovery. Interventions should focus on strengthening the therapeutic relationship between professional and patient, encouraging patients to develop a more positive self-image and stimulate them to learn alternative behavior for self-harm.
Cognitieve gedragstherapie voor depressieve klachten bij jongeren in residentiële zorg met een LVB in vergelijking met normaal begaafde jongeren
Authors: Weeland Martine , Nijhof Karin
Published: September 2019

Cognitive behavioural therapy and depressive symptoms among youth with and without Mild Intellectual Disability in residential care: an exploratory study investigating ‘Op Volle Kracht’

Depression is at least as prevalent in youth with a mild intellectual disability (MID) as it is in youth without disabilities. Little is known however about the etiology and treatment of depression in this group. This paper aims to investigate the possiblities for cognitive behavioural therapy in youth with MID by (1) testing the validity of Beck’s cognitive theory and Nolen-Hoeksema’s response style theory in youth with and without a MID in residential youth care; and (2) to examine the effects of Op Volle Kracht (OVK), a CBT-based depression prevention program among youth with and without a MID in a residential treatment setting. In study 1 the relationship between negative cognitive errors (Beck), response styles (Nolen- Hoeksema) and depressive symptoms was examined in 135 adolescents (age 9-17 years) using linear regression. Study 2 was an initial cluster randomized controlled trial in which twenty residential treatment groups (including in total N=92 adolescents aged 9-17 years), half of which targeted adolescents with a MID, were randomly assigned to either treatment as usual (TAU), or a combination of TAU and the group-CBT-program Op Volle Kracht (OVK+TAU). Depressive symptoms, cognitive errors and response styles were assessed at pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up. The data were analyzed by mixed effects linear regression analyses with age and gender as covariates.

Results Study 1 showed that only the cognitive error ‘underestimation of the ability to cope’, and a ruminative and distractive response style predicted depressive symptoms in both youth with- and without MID. The negative cognitive error ‘underestimation of the ability to cope’ was more prevalent among youth with MID than among youth without MID. Study 2 showed that the group CBT-program OVK was effective in reducing rumination, but not in reducing depressive symptoms or cognitive errors. This effect was the same for youth with and without a MID. The main premises of Beck’s cognitive theory and Nolen-Hoeksema’s response style theory of depression are applicable to both youth with and without a MID. The cognitive error ‘underestimation of the ability to cope’ poses a specific risk factor for developing a depression for youth with a MID and may require special attention in treatment and prevention of depression. The specifically adapted program OVK did not show effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression in youth in residential care.
Allegories of Encounter
Authors: Newman Andrew
Published: September 2019

This book analyzes representations of reading, writing, and recollecting texts – “literacy events” – in early America’s best-known literary genre. Captivity narratives reveal how colonial captives treasured the written word in order to distinguish themselves from their native captors and to affiliate with their distant cultural communities. Their narratives suggest that Indians recognized this value, sometimes with benevolence: repeatedly, they presented colonists with books. In this way and others, scriptures, saintly lives, and even Shakespeare were introduced into the diverse experiences of colonial captivity. Captivity narratives reflect lived allegories, the identification of one’s own unfolding story with the stories of others. Sources include the foundational New England narratives of Mary Rowlandson and John Williams, the French Jesuit accounts of the colonial saints Isaac Jogues and Kateri Tekakwitha, the Anglo-African John Marrant’s account of his sojourn in Cherokee territory, and the narratives of Colonel James Smith and other captives in the Great Lakes region during the late eighteenth century.
Armageddon Insurance
Authors: Geist Edward M.
Published: September 2019

The dangerous, decades-long arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War begged a fundamental question: how did these superpowers actually plan to survive a nuclear strike? In Armageddon Insurance, the first historical account of Soviet civil defense and a pioneering reappraisal of its American counterpart, Edward M. Geist compares how the two superpowers tried, and mostly failed, to reinforce their societies to withstand the ultimate catastrophe. Drawing on previously unexamined documents from archives in America, Russia, and Ukraine, Geist places these civil defense programs in their political and cultural contexts, demonstrating how each country's efforts reflected its cultural preoccupations and blind spots and revealing how American and Soviet civil defense related to profound issues of nuclear strategy and national values. This work challenges prevailing historical assumptions and unearths the ways Moscow and Washington developed nuclear weapons policies based not on rational strategic or technical considerations but in power struggles between different institutions pursuing their own narrow self-interests.
City of a Million Dreams
Authors: Berry Jason
Published: September 2019

In 2015, the beautiful jazz funeral in New Orleans for composer Allen Toussaint coincided with a debate over removing four Confederate monuments. Mayor Mitch Landrieu led the ceremony, attended by living legends of jazz, music aficionados, politicians, and everyday people. The scene captured the history and culture of the city in microcosm--a city legendary for its noisy, complicated, tradition-rich splendor. In City of a Million Dreams, Jason Berry delivers a character-driven history of New Orleans at its tricentennial. Chronicling cycles of invention, struggle, death, and rebirth, Berry reveals the city's survival as a triumph of diversity, its map-of-the-world neighborhoods marked by resilience despite hurricanes, epidemics, fires, and floods.
Berry orchestrates a parade of vibrant personalities, from the founder Bienville, a warrior emblazoned with snake tattoos; to Governor William C. C. Claiborne, General Andrew Jackson, and Pere Antoine, an influential priest and secret agent of the Inquisition; Sister Gertrude Morgan, a street evangelist and visionary artist of the 1960s; and Michael White, the famous clarinetist who remade his life after losing everything in Hurricane Katrina. The textured profiles of this extraordinary cast furnish a dramatic narrative of the beloved city, famous the world over for mysterious rituals as people dance when they bury their dead.
III. Nota Reseña
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: September 2019

N/A
The Spatial Distribution of Root System in M9 Rootstock Is Affected by Apple Cultivar and Tree Age
Authors: Thomaj Fadil , Domi Hafuz , Sallaku Glenda , Balliu Astrit
Published: September 2019

The aim of study was to evaluate how different apple cultivars affect root morphology and spatial distribution of rootstock. The experiment was conducted with three different cultivars; ‘Golden delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Starking’ grafted on M9 dwarfing rootstock. Nine and fourteen years old, French vertical axe trained trees were included in the experiment. The trench profile method was chosen to study the morphology of root system and the counted root intersects were divided into three classes; fine roots (<2mm), medium-sized roots (2-5 mm), and coarse roots (>5 mm). To analyze the spatial distribution of root system, the respective cumulative number of fine roots at three successive distances from the base of tree trunk and the cumulative number of fine roots in three successive distances from soil surface were expressed as percentage versus the total fine roots. Significant effects of scion on the total number of fine roots, and as well, on their side and in depth distribution were found. The pattern of root distribution is changing over years, tending to shift the bulk of absorptive roots further from the tank and deeper into the soil. This tendency was more visible to high yielding and late maturity cultivars.
LIDOCAÍNA VERSUS LIDOCAÍNA/EPINEFRINA: GENERALIDADES Y TOXICIDAD
Authors: Andrade Ávila Lourdes Azucena , Crivelli Matamoros Leopoldo Eugenio , Enamorado López Maydi Lee , Fuentes Núñez Gabriel Alejandro , Fuentes Sánchez Alejandra Lorena , Gavarrete Paz José Vidal , Gómez Bautista. Carlos Andrés
Published: September 2019

Los anestésicos locales han cambiado de manera destacada la historia y la práctica de la medicina, la evolución en los métodos de desarrollo de anestésicos ha hecho posible el desarrollo de anestésicos convencionales para uso común en procedimientos médicos quirúrgicos locales, hablando en especial de dos anestésicos que se utilizan diariamente en los diferentes niveles de atención de salud mundial, la lidocaína y posteriormente la lidocaína con epinefrina. Es por el uso cotidiano de estos anestésicos que ahora es posible hacer procedimientos menores en los pacientes sin exponer a los mismos al dolor de los procedimientos propiamente dicho o la causa de dolor no procedimental. Se utiliza cada uno de acuerdo al efecto deseado que se requiera en el paciente, teniendo en cuenta las diversas precauciones dada la potencial toxicidad que poseen, así como la técnica que se va a utilizar. En este artículo de revisión bibliográfica, se presentan las generalidades de ambos anestésicos, las indicaciones, precauciones, efectos adversos y comparación de toxicidad entre ambos anestésicos. Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó a partir de 36 artículos tomando como referencia los siguientes: literatura médica, artículos de revistas científicas y otras revisiones bibliográficas menores de 5 años de haber sido publicados o aquellos con relevancia histórica.
Why Rhythm?
Authors: Culler Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Rhythm works to seduce readers and make poems memorable. Although the distinction between rhythm and meter is a slippery one, it seems essential since the traditional foot-scansion of metrical analysis proves inadequate to the experience of rhythm, treating some simple rhythms as complex or marginally acceptable and failing to capture rhythmically-important differences. Although accounts of rhythm by such critics as Attridge, Aviram, and Blasing differ significantly, they contribute to a discussion of poetry that helps to account for the pleasure it affords and might help improve the teaching of poetry..
Practicing Caste
Authors: Jaaware Aniket
Published: September 2019

This book attempts a fundamental break from the tradition of caste studies, using a version of phenomenology, structuralism, and post-structuralism to give a radical description of touchability and untouchability in terms of a rhetoric and semantics of touch. Written in minimalist style, it attempts to see if regulations on touchability can be seen as generalizable, and not seen merely as an Indian phenomenon. It also argues that, upon examination, several traditional sociological, political, and moral categories do not prove to be useful for understanding touchability and untouchability.
Alegal
Authors: Shimabuku Annmaria M.
Published: September 2019

Alegal reveals modern Okinawa to be suspended in a perpetual state of exception: it is neither an official colony of Japan or the U.S., nor an equal part of the Japanese state. Today it is the site of one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases globally—a truly exceptional condition stemming from Japan’s abhorrence toward sexual contact around bases in its mainland that factored into securing Okinawa as a U.S. military fortress. This book merges Foucauldian biopolitics with Japanese Marxist theorizations of capitalism to trace the formation of a Japanese middle class that disciplined and secured the population from perceived threats, including the threat of miscegenation. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and autobiography, it reveals how this threat came to symbolize the infringement of Japanese sovereignty figured in terms of a patriarchal monoethnic state. This symbolism, however, was met with great ambivalence in Okinawa. As a borderland of the Pacific, racial politics internal to the U.S. collided with colonial politics internal to the Asia Pacific in base towns centered on facilitating encounters between G.I.s and Okinawan women. By examining the history, debates, and cultural representations of these actors from 1945 to 2015, this book shows how they continually failed to “become Japanese.” Instead, they epitomized Okinawa’s volatility that danced on the razor’s edge between anarchistic insurgency and fascistic collaboration. What was at stake in their securitization was the attempt to contain Okinawa’s alegality itself—that is, a life force irreducible to the law.
Japan in the 1950s: Symbolic Victims
Authors: Shimabuku Annmaria M.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 presents a genealogy of sexual labor in Japan from licensed prostitution and the so-called “comfort woman” system of sexual slavery in the imperial period, through the state-organized system of prostitution for the Allied forces in the immediate postwar, and to the full-fledged emergence of independent streetwalkers thereafter. It links protest against private prostitution in the interwar period to aversion toward the streetwalker in the postwar period through an examination of Tosaka Jun’s Japanese Ideology. There, he defined Japanism as the symbolic communion between the family and state and showed how Japanists attacked private prostitution for purportedly interfering with the integrity of both. What was at stake was the ability of a budding middle class to manage the reproduction of labor power for the biopolitical state. Through Tosaka, this chapter delineates a mechanism of social defence amongst the middle class that targeted life thought to be unintelligible to the state such as the streetwalker and her mixed-race offspring. Further, it shows how this occurred through cultural productions such as anti-base reportage that focused obsessively on the figure of the streetwalker.
Okinawa, 1952–1958: Solidarity under the Cover of Darkness
Authors: Shimabuku Annmaria M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter charts the position of the sex industry amidst mass social protest known as the “all-island struggle” from 1952 to 1958. The U.S. military attempted to contain this resistance by issuing off-limits orders on base towns that paralyzed the Okinawan economy. As a result, base town workers were pitted against popular political protest. This chapter addresses the sex worker as a subject who could not be mobilized under a political platform before the state, i.e., the lumpenproletariat. Instead of dismissing the lumpenproletariat as non-political and therefore not useful, it repositions politics as the interplay between a radical heterogeneity (i.e., alegality) attuned to the immediate struggle for life and political representation oriented toward an idealistic goal by examining the activities of Kokuba Kōtarō in the underground communist party. It was under the cover of darkness that this chapter locates moments of solidarity between women involved with G.I.s and Okinawans resisting U.S. military repression. This solidarity, however, dissolved along with the introduction of ethno-nationalism of pro-reversion political forces such as the Okinawa People’s Party. Kokuba’s understanding of politics as the merely instrumental representation of the masses was replaced by the assumption of a spiritualistic communion between the people and Japanese state.
‘Thrown in at the Deep End’: The Experience of Graduates of Transnational Western Medical Education Transitioning into Middle Eastern Clinical Practice
Authors: Rashid-Doubell Fiza , Doubell Timothy P
Published: September 2019

Background: Newly qualified doctors educated in their home country usually go on to work in their first hospital job in same country. These graduates are familiar with the socio-cultural context of clinical setting they work in. But, with many Western universities providing cross-border education to host countries in the Middle East and South East Asia in subjects such as medicine. The experiences of those graduating from transnational medical education and working in local hospitals are absent.The aim of the study was to explore the early transitional experiences of newly qualified doctors moving from a European branch campus to practice at hospitals affiliated to the medical school situated in a Middle-Eastern country.Methods: A qualitative study using an interpretive phenomenological approach through interviews to explore experiences of graduates of transnational medical education working in Middle Eastern hospitals. Results: The main findings can be summarised under the three themes generated: the essentials of practice, routine of practice and realities of practice. The results evidenced the transition as a challenging period for new doctors finding dissonance between the skills taught while in transnational education and the workplace. There were three particular areas of discord for the graduates in clinical practice: working in medical teams with a different arrangement to the one prepared for; adapting to a more patient-centred language and coping with differences in ethical norms, values and practices in the hospital.Conclusions: The graduates found transitioning from university to full-time clinical practice difficult and were disappointed by their experience not matching their expectations of work. These findings are valuable for transnational medical educators seeking to improve the experience of graduates who are moving from the clear ideals, norms and values of transnational medical education into the complexity of full-time clinical practice.
When Can I Drive? Predictors of Returning to Driving After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rondon Alexander J. , Tan Timothy L. , Goswami Karan , Shohat Noam , Foltz Carol , Courtney P. Maxwell , Parvizi Javad
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

A common question by patients considering total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is when can I return to driving. The ability to return to driving has enormous effect on the independence of the patient, ability to return to work, and other activities of daily living. With advances in accelerated rehabilitation protocols, newer studies have questioned the classic teaching of waiting 6 weeks after TJA. The goal of this prospective study was to determine specific patient predictors for return to driving and create individualized models able to estimate return to driving based on patient risk factors for both total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

From July 2017 to January 2018, 554 primary TKA and 490 primary THA patients were prospectively enrolled to obtain information regarding return to driving. Patients were sent a survey every 2 weeks regarding their return to driving. Additional information regarding vehicle type, transmission, and involvement in motor vehicle accidents was collected. Bivariate analysis was done followed by the creation of a multiple linear regression models to analyze return to driving after TKA and THA.

Results:

The majority (98.2%, 1,025/1,044) of patients returned to driving within 12 weeks of surgery. On average, patients returned to driving at 4.4 and 3.7 weeks for TKA and THA (P < 0.001), respectively. The rate of motor vehicle accidents was 0.7% (7/1,044) within 12 weeks after surgery with no injuries reported. After multivariate analysis, baseline return to driving began at 10.9 days for TKA and 17.1 days for THA. The following predictors added additional time to return to driving for TJA: not feeling safe to drive, limited range of motion, female sex, limitations due to pain, other limitations, discharge to a rehabilitation facility, right-sided procedures, limited ability to break, preoperative anemia, and preoperative use of a cane.

Discussion:

Important predictors identified for return to driving were sex, joint laterality, limited ability to walk or ability to break, and feeling safe. Surgeons should consider these factors when counseling patients on their postoperative expectations regarding driving after TJA.
Development of the Road Network in the City of Salt in 2004 and 2016 Using GIS
Authors: Amjad Qtaishat Deaa Al-Deen , Azez Hdoush Abd Al , Qasim Alzu’Bi Eng. Loiy
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of the road network in As-Salt City in the period between 2004 and 2016, in order to identify the road employability in terms of the degree of connectivity, rotation, accessibility, and density. The relationship between the social properties and road distribution are also examined through analysis of the network characteristics concerning population distribution. The data used in this study was based on the As-Salt City Municipality Database supported with fieldwork done in 2016. The network analysis approach using GIS was used to calculate the roads employability.

The study compares between the results of the analysis using the cognitive model of the road network for the years 2004 and 2016, knowing that the number of nodes in 2004 and 2016 was constant indicating the number of neighborhoods is 20, while the number of links changed from 42 links in 2004 to 50 links in 2016 and the average center of roads was determined, and it was estimated that the average road center is located near the municipality of As-Salt

The study indicates that the road network suffers from a low degree of communication and rotation and the standard distance of road sites in the study area. The standard distance for each group was 2338.49 m. There is a disparity in the distribution of road network within As-Salt City, and the proportion of roads lengths dose not suit the population distribution pattern. The neighborhood of Al- Salalem, includes 19.5% of the total number of roads in As-Salt, because the neighborhood of Al-Salalem contains the highest population census and this is accompanied by urban growth, which is necessarily accompanied by the presence of roads. Therefore, it is recommended to have a plan to redistribute the population in the city and to establish new roads to reduce the problems of traffic in the city.
Bokmeldinger
Authors: Afdal Geir , Hirsch Abjørn
Published: September 2019

Trond Eilliv Hauge: Å planlegge og designe undervisning. Cappelen Damm Akademisk 2018Anmeldt av Geir AfdalKristin Graff-Kallevåg og Tone Stangeland Kaufman (red.) (2018) Byggekloss-spiritualitet? En studie i spiritualitet i Den norske kirkes trosopplæring. Oslo: IKO-Forlaget.Anmeldt av Asbjørn Hirsch
Ritual Soundings
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

This book documents ways in which women’s performance practices engage with and localize world religions while creating opportunities for women’s agency. This study draws on the rich resources of three disciplines: ethnomusicology, gendered studies of religion, and religious music studies. It is a meta-ethnography formed by comparisons among different ethnographic case studies. The book analyses women’s performances at religious events in cultural settings spread across the world to demonstrate the pivotal roles women can play in localizing the practice of world religions, exploring moments in which performance allows women the agency to move, however momentarily, beyond culturally determined boundaries while revealing patterns that suggest unsuspected similarities in widely divergent religious contexts. With the rise of religious fundamentalism and with world politics embroiled in debate about women’s bodies and their comportment in public, ethnomusicologists and other scholars must address questions of religion, gender, and their intersection. By reading deeply into, but also across, the ethnographic detail of multiple studies, this book reveals patterns of similarity between unrelated cultures. It invites ethnomusicologists back into comparative work, offering them encouragement to think across disciplinary boundaries and suggesting that they can actively work to counter the divisive rhetoric of religious exceptionalism by revealing the many ways in which religions and cultures are similar to one another.
Sacred Bodies in the Great Awakenings
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter is the first of the historical case studies, which are presented over the course of the book in approximate chronological order, and focuses on late-eighteenth-century frontier Pentecostalism, particularly in the Cumberland Plateau. It employs period sources, such as first-person descriptions, architecture, and cultural geography, to explore the phenomenon of ecstatic movement in frontier worship--the dance idiom called, in the period, “the jerks”--as revealing syncretic European-African-Native body vocabularies. It establishes an important theme throughout the book, namely the importance of collision between diverse immigrant and indigenous groups, especially in border or marginal geographic or socioeconomic circumstances, in the synthesis of movement and sound that yielded American performance idioms.
Cupid’s Bow
Authors: MacLean Jessica Striebel
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the formation of white Creole masculine identity in the context of a middling sugar plantation in 18th-century Montserrat, West Indies, and considers the role of climate and the emergence of racialized categories of personhood in the creation of this distinctly colonial form of social identity. Employing a close study of a fob seal, an external artifact of personal adornment excavated from a planter’s dwelling house, the chapter highlights the relational aspects of colonial identity found in the disjuncture between the white “Creole” planter’s self-fashioning as an English gentleman and his Creole social practice within the plantation landscape and as viewed by the English Metropole. The chapter emphasizes the importance of historically and geographically situating archaeological studies of embodied identity to mitigate the potential for misinterpretation of the cultural context in which white Creole personal material goods were deployed and identity negotiated.
The New York Irish
Authors: Linn Meredith B.
Published: September 2019

During the mid- to late-nineteenth century, millions of Irish people emigrated to the U.S. fleeing hardship and searching for a better life. Much has been written about how they faced great anti-Irish prejudice and yet forged an Irish American identity in cities such as New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. A previously under-examined dimension of this struggle is how these predominately rural newcomers adjusted to urban life. This chapter begins to address this issue, focusing on how Irish immigrants in mid-nineteenth-century New York City manipulated their appearances. Using evidence from archaeological sites, immigrant letters, historical newspapers, and folklore archives, this study shows how some Irish immigrants utilized cosmetic hair preparations as transformative substances to style new urban Irish American identities and to manage interactions with employers, native-born peers, and other Irish community members.
Agency and Renegotiated Identities in the North Atlantic Isles
Authors: Maher Ruth A. , Bond Julie M.
Published: September 2019

Humans, as agents, played an active role in the creation and communication of new identities during the Viking period in the Orkney Islands and Iceland. The authors argue that environments are not merely passive backdrops to societal and identity formation but are dynamic contributors in the negotiations that take place when humans settle into new lands. The chapter will focus on the maneuvering and balancing of traditional burial rituals and beliefs within new political, economic, and cosmological landscapes. The comparison of interdisciplinary data from burials, ancient texts, archaeological excavations, and landscape surveys from both regions during the time period of the study will show how the environment aided in the creation and performance of the burial ritual and how the agents’ reshaping of the land helped to form their new identities
“No Race Question”
Authors: Oca José Andrés Fernández Montes de
Published: September 2019

In the past, authors have emphasized the importance of Marcus Garvey’s ideas and organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, in the development of the labor movement in Trinidad after 1919. In so doing, they have often overlooked a more complex reality on the ground. This chapter examines the ways in which the Trinidad Workingmen’s Association (TWA) combined Garveyism and labor politics, and how they navigated the potential contradictions between class-based and race-based organizing more broadly. It adds to the existing literature on Garveyism and race consciousness in Trinidad, a perspective that situates the TWA’s ideas on race and class as a local dialogue interacting with global discussions among black radicals about labor organizing, socialism, communism, black internationalism, and pan-Africanism.
The Importance of Florida in Presidential Elections
Authors: Jewett Aubrey
Published: September 2019

Since 1996, Florida has become the most important state in presidential elections. It has the most electoral votes of any battleground state and the third most among all states. It actually swings between the major parties, has supported the overall winner six campaigns in a row (one of only two states to do so), and its margin of victory for the winner over that period is the smallest of any state. In addition, pre-election polls consistently predict the Sunshine State will be very close, and presidential candidates act strategically by visiting frequently and by spending larger sums on campaign advertising in Florida than in any other state.
The Hispanic Vote in Florida 2016
Authors: Binder Michael , Licari Peter
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the varied nature of the Hispanic vote in the State of Florida.Hispanic voters make up about 18 percent of the turnout in the state.Even with the harsh rhetoric of the Trump campaign, the Clinton campaign did not accomplish a clean sweep of the Hispanic vote in the state.
Listening and Waiting, Excavating Later
Authors: Schmidt Peter R.
Published: September 2019

Careful listening to oral traditions, a significant part of Tanzanian Haya heritage, for nearly a year led to an ancient shrine where Haya elders encouraged excavations. This was early participatory community archaeology, where indigenous knowledge and the initiative of elders paved the way to significant archaeological finds about iron technology and the enduring qualities of knowledge preserved by ritual performance. Patient apprenticeship to knowledge-keepers during ethnoarchaeological observations of iron technology also led to significant insights into inventive techniques in iron technology that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. Listening with epistemic humility, opening ourselves to other ways of constructing history and heritage, unveils heritage under treat. A forgotten massacre by German colonials, the knowledge of which has been erased by disease and globalization, was revealed and is now preserved only by listening closely to Haya elders five decades ago.
A Lineage of Listening
Authors: Kehoe Alice B.
Published: September 2019

Outside the mainstream of North American archaeology and academic anthropology, a few of Franz Boas’s students listened humbly to Indian people in their communities, instead of sitting in hotel rooms querying selected men from a schedule of topics. Frank Speck (1881-1950) was one of these; his student Claude E. Schaeffer mentored Tom Kehoe to listen to Blackfoot people as guides and teachers for archaeology in their homeland. I learned from Tom when I married him and we collaborated in archaeology.
Colonial Encounters of First Peoples and First Anthropologists in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Carlson Catherine C. , Kehoe Alice B.
Published: September 2019

The earliest professional anthropological fieldwork undertaken within the Canadian province of British Columbia was by Harlan Smith, 1897-1899, sponsored by Franz Boas’ Jesup North Pacific Expedition. Smith’s professional publications from this work, prepared in the “objective scientific” mode of discourse of the time, contrast with his unpublished personal letters and notes that preserve names, personalities, and communications with First Nations people assisting his research. A controversial part of Smith’s assignment was to collect human skulls from graves, over objections from families, because measuring skulls was a rewarded part of anthropological science at the time. These plundered skulls alienated First Nations from anthropology, an attitude persisting today.
Introduction
Authors: Young Darius J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter outlines the book’s mission to serve as a lens into the political activity of African Americans during the first half of the twentieth century by focusing on the strategies that Robert R. Church Jr. used to organize and empower black people through the vote. The book argues that the activism of Church and his colleagues served as the catalyst for the modern civil rights movement. This chapter also seeks to answer the question how historians know so little about someone who accomplished so much.
Into the Ether
Authors: Hall Molly Volanth , Watts Kara
Published: September 2019

In this introduction, the editors set out the state of current scholarship in affect studies and ecocriticism, as well as historicize the body in the twentieth century. The editors argue for a renewed examination of the body in modernist literature as a mode of transforming such scholarship. Presenting a rereading of T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” as example of what innovated approaches may do, the introduction demonstrates the types of inquiries into the modernist body that the collection’s chapters will engage, using both ecocriticism’s body as fleshly, material site and affect’s body as processual “becoming.”
The Contingency of the Whale
Authors: Gaztambide María C.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 recapitulates on the most obvious strategies through which El Techo remained rooted in the past in order to define its contemporary visual identity: the perpetuation of medieval symbolism; the adscription to old European literary models such as the kennings of ancient Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, and Old German literatures; and the repeated use of sources from Latin American colonial print culture. I also explore the rationale behind the name itself, el techo de la ballena (the roof of the whale). Drawing from the group’s extant documentary record, I argue that both of the elements in the double construct of “the roof” and “the whale” functioned as allegories for an accumulative practice characterized by the juxtaposition of disarticulated elements. While reminiscent of the Surrealist assemblage, El Techo carried this fundamental strategy—which Dámaso Ogaz aptly summarized as lo majamámico—to its unparalleled edge.
The 2010 Cumberland River Survey Emergency Survey and Archaic Shell Site Composition in the Western Middle Cumberland River Valley
Authors: Peres Tanya M. , Deter-Wolf Aaron
Published: September 2019

Over three days beginning in the early morning of May 1, 2010, heavy storms caused severe flooding and riverbank erosion along portions of the Cumberland River throughout Middle Tennessee. That event caused significant damage to numerous prehistoric archaeological sites, and resulted in substantial looting of newlyuncovered site deposits and subsequent shoreline assessments of 128 previously recorded prehistoric sites along 67.5 river miles of the Cumberland River between Cheatham and Old Hickory Dams, as well as sampling of selected, highly endangered deposits. As a result of the emergency river survey, investigators were able to collect significant new data regarding the composition of nine shell-bearing Archaic sites along the Cumberland River in the western Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee. Those include new information regarding site composition and the collection of radiocarbon samples. This chapter describes the history of archaeological site disturbance in the region and summarizes the findings of the post-flood survey as they relate to molluscan species composition of Archaic shell-bearing sites in the region.
Corporate Responsibility: In the Dilemma between Fake and Trust?
Authors: Fietze Simon , Matiaske Wenzel , Menges Roland
Published: September 2019

The accusation of whitewashing accompanied the discussion about corporate social responsibility (CSR) since its inception the 1950s. That's not surprising. Ever since its beginnings in Scottish moral philosophy, economics did not expect the general good to be enhanced by the individual's social orientation, but rather by its self-interest, a concept less liable to disappointment, and the work of the invisible hand (Hirschman, 1977). The latter aims to promote a common goal that individuals have not intended. Following his famous text, Adam Smith (2007 [1786], p. 350) continues: ‘I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good.’ The ‘mistrust’ of the ‘goodwill’ of the capitalist lives on in various streams such as Marxism, (neo-)liberalism or sociological system theory, to name but a few schools of thought. Marxists do not expect societal progress any more than (neo-)liberals from benevolent capitalists who, demand more taxable profits, instead of social responsibility, in the framework of the market organization of companies. System theorists find that ethical demands are hardly transferable directly into the economy code of payment/non-payment. Although Adam Smith (2007 [1786], p. 350) shared the view that the claim of public good orientation is ‘indeed, not very common among merchants’, but that ‘very few words need to be employed in dissuading them from it.’
Data Mining for Source Apportionment of Trace Elements in Water and Solid Matrix
Authors: Shan Yao , Shi Jianjun
Published: September 2019

Trace elements migrate among different environment bodies with the natural geochemical reactions, and impacted by human industrial, agricultural, and civil activities. High load of trace elements in water, river and lake sediment, soil and air particle lead to potential to health of human being and ecological system. To control the impact on environment, source apportionment is a meaningful, and also a challenging task. Traditional methods to make source apportionment are usually based on geochemical techniques, or univariate analysis techniques. In recently years, the methods of multivariate analysis, and the related concepts data mining, machine learning, big data, are developing fast, which provide a novel route that combing the geochemical and data mining techniques together. These methods have been proved successful to deal with the source apportionment issue. In this chapter, the data mining methods used on this topic and implementations in recent years are reviewed. The basic method includes principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, positive matrix fractionation, decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, etc. Source apportionment of trace elements in surface water, ground water, river and lake sediment, soil, air particles, dust are discussed.