bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratégia Saúde da Família e Vigilância em Saúde
Authors: Ivancko Giovanna Mendonça , Querino Rosimár Alves , Silva Gabrielly Cristiny Soares , Borges Rafaela Defendi , Limongi Jean Ezequiel
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A interação entre os setores do Sistema Único de Saúde, particularmente a Atenção Básica (AB) e a Vigilância em Saúde (VS), é essencial para que ações com foco na integralidade sejam operacionalizadas nos serviços. Para isso, é necessário, além de outros fatores, o conhecimento mútuo entre as áreas, sobre seus escopos de atuação. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento de médicos de equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família sobre Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental (VIGIAM), Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) e Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador (VISAT). Métodos: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito médicos de equipes saúde da família de municípios do interior de Minas Gerais. Empregou-se a técnica de grupo focal conduzida com uso de situação-problema. A análise de conteúdo temática guiou o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: A VIGIAM e a VISAT foram as vigilâncias com menor familiaridade entre os médicos, sendo associadas superficialmente ao controle de fatores ambientais e à fiscalização do trabalho, respectivamente. A VISA foi associada à fiscalização de produtos. Maior integração das equipes com os agentes de controle de endemias e capacitação em VS foram propostas para a melhoria da integração. Ações intersetoriais foram sugeridas, principalmente quando relacionadas à VISAT. Conclusões: Diante da baixa familiaridade sobre VS, a educação permanente constitui estratégia fundamental para a integração da AB e VS. Considerando que as ações destes setores são descentralizadas, espera-se maior protagonismo e proatividade dos gestores locais para que ocorra a devida capilaridade da VS na principal porta de entrada do sistema público de saúde brasileiro.
Orientação Comunitária
Authors: Brunelli Bruno , Langkamer Marcos  Filipe Bueno , Dornelas Ana Júlia Santana , Rodrigues Maria Júlia Mascarenhas , Bernardes Júlia Guimarães
Published: May 2021

Introdução: O atributo de APS “Orientação Comunitária” (OC) envolve um processo contínuo de atendimento às demandas de saúde de uma comunidade definida, utilizando-se de planejamento epidemiológico. Porém, sua definição tem se tornado bastante confusa pois qualquer serviço direcionado a uma comunidade específica termina por ser caracterizado como tal.  Pouco parece se produzir sobre a OC no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Realizar revisão sistematizada acerca do atributo Orientação Comunitária na literatura nacional e internacional. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando a estratégia PICo para selecionar publicações nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scielo e CAPES utilizando o descritor OC. Resultados: Foram encontrados 44 artigos e após exclusão de artigos repetidos e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão sobraram 9 artigos, 6 nacionais e 3 internacionais, 6 utilizando o Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool). Discussão: Todos os artigos trazem definições similares da OC, destacando a importância da epidemiologia e do contato com a comunidade para a definição de estratégias. Apesar da ESF ser na teoria um serviço orientado à comunidade, os 6 trabalhos nacionais que usaram o PCATool obtiveram baixos escores. Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) foram apenas mencionados em 3 artigos. A discussão sobre novas formas de comunidade não apareceu nesta revisão.
Dispositivo Intrauterino na Atenção Primária a Saúde
Authors: Barreto Danyella da Silva , Maia Duana Soares , Gonçalves Rafael Dias , Soares Ricardo de Sousa
Published: May 2021

A gravidez não planejada é uma realidade mundial e corresponde a 40% de todas as gestações e podem desencadear aumento da mortalidade materna. O Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU) é uma das opções de contraceptivos ofertadas no SUS de boa eficácia, mas ainda é pouco utilizado.Diversos países desenvolvidos têm buscado formas de romper as barreiras e aumentar as taxas de inserção do DIU, como treinamento profissional, investimentos na área e educação da população. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa na literatura sobre os artigos relacionados ao DIU na Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS) nos últimos dez anos.Foram realizadas buscas no Pubmed, Scielo, LILACS e BDENF-Enfermagem utilizando-se descritores correlatos. Foram incluídas publicações que abordavam o DIU na Atenção Primária à Saúde e publicações nos últimos dez anos.Foram considerados artigos decorrentes de pesquisas originais, revisões e protocolos clínicos ou de aprendizagem. Após utilizar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 39 artigos foram selecionados e fizeram parte da revisão, os quais foram agrupados em categorias. Os temas que mais se repetiram geraram as categorias: as Barreiras para Inserção do DIU, Treinamento dos Profissionais, Taxas de Inserção, taxas de Continuação e Outros. Entre os artigos apenas dois eram nacionais. Conclui-se que existem poucos estudos nacionais abordando o DIU na APS e que dentre os trabalhos encontrados há uma preocupação em identificar barreiras e estratégias para ampliar a oferta do método.
Lista de pacientes
Authors: Norman Armando Henrique
Published: May 2021

Este artigo discute o tema da lista de pacientes como modelo de vinculação da população às equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo: evidenciar as características da lista de pacientes enquanto modelo de pagamento. Método: ensaio teórico sobre modelos de pagamento que analisa o piloto de lista de pacientes da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) de Florianópolis-SC. Para fundamentar os princípios da lista de pacientes apresenta-se sua aplicação em dois contextos diferentes: (a) em sistemas fechados de saúde, como nas Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) nos Estados Unidos; e (b) em sistemas universais de saúde, utilizando o sistema de saúde britânico como modelo. Discussão: o projeto piloto de lista de pacientes da SMS/Florianópolis enfrenta dois problemas estruturais: (a) o sistema de saúde universal que caracteriza a APS brasileira; e (b) o modelo de pagamento salarial. Esses dois componentes impõem o desafio de se estabelecer um teto real para as listas de pacientes. Sem um limite no número de pacientes não é possível adequar a carga de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. Adicionalmente, uma lista de pacientes construída com base na utilização repetida e no atendimento de casos agudos não fidelizados tende a aumentar a carga de trabalho dos profissionais com o passar do tempo. Entretanto, a proposta da lista de pacientes confere maior visibilidade da carga de trabalho para a gestão, facilitando o monitoramento da pressão assistencial e a redistribuição interna dos usuários entre as equipes de saúde da APS. Permite também justificar a expansão das equipes de ESF de acordo com dados mais fidedignos da realidade dos serviços e implementar programas de melhoria de qualidade. Conclusão: a implantação da modalidade de vinculação flexível em Florianópolis não traz impactos positivos diretos na carga de trabalho das equipes, mas talvez de forma indireta por meio de uma gestão inteligente da rede da APS.
Characteristics of Quinolone Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from General Hospitals
Authors: Hong Choong Ki , Kim Joon , Kim Ga-Yeon
Published: May 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is the causative agent in various types of hospital-acquired infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, and wound infections. Objectives: This study investigated the primary mechanisms underlying quinolone resistance in A. baumannii strains, isolated from samples collected from general hospitals. Methods: Ninety-eight strains of A. baumannii were isolated from clinical specimens from general hospitals from 2017 – 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility, efflux pump inhibition tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses were conducted on 64 strains, and the blaoxa-51-like gene sequence was detected. Results: In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, 78.1% (n = 50) of the strains exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, and 57.8% (n = 37) strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). For 18 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin reduced in presence of an efflux pump inhibitor. Sequence analysis revealed that in 50 strains of A. baumannii, the codon for serine (TCA) in gyrA was replaced by that for leucine (TTA), whereas in 43 strains, the codon for serine (TCG) in parC was replaced by that for leucine (TTG). Multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed 18 sequence types, and allelic number analysis showed the presence of nine gyrB alleles, with gyrB3 showing the highest frequency (62.5%). Conclusions: The findings of this study will be useful in improving treatment efficiency and preventing the spread of A. baumannii (both MDR and non-MDR strains).
Infections of Port Access Catheters in Children
Authors: Joodi Marjan , Sasan Mohammad Saeed
Published: May 2021

Background: The most important complication of port access catheters (PAC) compared to peripheral lines is a higher incidence of infections. Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of catheter infection and related factors in Dr. Sheikh Children Hospital (SCH). Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study at Sheikh children’s hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The data of children with an operation for PAC surgery were gathered from hospital files and completed by calling the parents. The definition of PAC infection was based on clinical signs of catheter infection and any positive blood culture (peripheral or catheter sample) or the resolution of signs of infection after the extraction of the catheter in the absence of positive blood cultures. Results: During six years, 70 children received PAC, all of whom (except five) were followed by telephone calls. Forty percent of them were younger than two years, and 71.4% had malignant disease. Catheter infection occurred in 16 (22.8%) cases. Signs of catheter infection were fever and cellulitis over the port in nine (56%) cases (pocket infection), chills and fever during catheter usage (without port infection) in six (37.5%) cases, and persistent fever in one patient (6.2%). Blood culture was positive in 75% (12 cases) of catheter infections, and the responsible organisms were Gram-negative bacilli (five cases), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (three cases), Candida (three cases), and group B streptococci (GBS). The success rate for “medical therapy per se” was 68% in catheter infections. The catheter was removed in 22 (31.4%) patients, which was due to infection in half of them. The mean time to removal was 15.3 months. Conclusions: The incidence of catheter infection, especially pocket infection, is high in this population, which necessities revision in all procedures of catheter implantation and care.
Psychological Support and Psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Outbreak: First Response of Practitioners
Authors: Velykodna Mariana , Frankova Iryna
Published: June 2021

Providers of psychological support and psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic unfolding were facing the new unavoidable reality, which required making urgent changes in their practice. The paper aimed to study the "first responses” of psychologists and psychotherapists to the COVID-19 pandemic situation with its uncertainty before the lockdown. An online survey was developed and distributed among psychologists and psychotherapists from Ukraine from 14 to March 16, 2020. Results showed that among survey respondents (n=145), 35.9% had already changed their practice somehow, and 75.2% had been considering how their practice might be modified. The more often the COVID-19 pandemic was discussed by patients, the more often it affected the style and technique of the corresponding specialists, thereby pushing psychotherapists to change the format of their work. Practice restrictions due to quarantine measures affected more affiliated consultants, while difficulties with setting (e.g., canceled sessions, financial issues) were more frequent among private practice consultants, and both proposed online consultations to their patients. In conclusion, the pandemic situation caused relevant modifications in the organization of psychological and psychotherapeutic support even during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Ukraine. The first responses of practitioners were related to (a) their experience and type of affiliation, (b) the main approach, (c) the subjective readiness or non-readiness to modify the usual form of work, (d) the way of interpreting the patient’s anxieties, (e) the lethal cases of coronavirus in the area of living.
Evropský národ vs. globalizovaný nacionalismus
Authors:   Institut politologických studií Fakulty humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, Pekařská 16, 158 00 Praha 5, Czech Rep., Hroch Miroslav
Published: May 2021

The author recommends that any consideration of the issue of nation and nationalism should be preceded by a careful analysis of the terminology used. He points out that the key term ‚nation‘ itself should be used in the knowledge that it refers, on the one hand, to a specific large group of citizens – members of a nation, but also to an abstract value community of culture. He critically rejects the thoughtless use of the term ‚nationalism‘, which forgets that it is derived from the term ‚nation‘. This is a dangerous distortion, especially when applied to non-European realities. A nation is originally a specifically European phenomenon, that is to say, a community that grows out of the old cultural and ideological resources of European countries. If the globalised term nationalism is used retrospectively to analyse the history or present of European nations, there is a danger of distortion and misunderstanding. Just as distorting, however, can be the analysis of non-European ‚nations‘ in the coordinates of the European nation. In conclusion, the author points out that the humanistic and motivational values of the European nation from the time of its formation are largely an empty phrase for contemporary nations. The reason for this, however, lies not only in terminological confusion, but also in the great transformation of value norms as a result of the neoliberal questioning of national values and identities that is being promoted in the context of advancing globalisation.
Formovanie kultúrnej a etnickej identity Maoriov prostredníctvom príslušnosti ku gangu
Authors:   Filozofická fakulta UCM v Trnave, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia, Bistárová Lucia
Published: May 2021

Though often called a “heaven on Earth” New Zealand suffers from a serious problem with gangs. Ethnic gangs have dominated the New Zealand gang scene since the 70s when many Maoris left traditional rural areas and migrated in search of work to the cities but ended up in poverty because of lack of skills and poorly-paid jobs. Maori urbanization and the dual pressures of acculturation and discrimination resulted in a breakdown of the traditional Maori social structures and alienated many from their culture. Maoris who have been unable to maintain their ethnic and cultural identity through their genealogical ties and involvement in Maori culture attempt to find it elsewhere. For many of those that have lost contact with their cultural and ethnic links gangs have replaced families and community and provides individuals with a sense of belonging and safety. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the role of gangs in Maori ethnic and cultural identity development. This paper demonstrates the impact of gang environment on individual identity development and provides evidence that cultural engagement initiatives can enhance Maori identities, which in turn could increase psychological and socio-economic wellbeing.
Projeção territorial e pontos de interesse em destinos turísticos da região Sul (Brasil)
Authors: Chemin Marcelo , Filippim Marcos Luiz , Abrahão Cinthia Maria de Sena
Published: June 2021

O objetivo a que se propõe este artigo é apresentar os municípios da região Sul que se destacam em termos de expressividade turística, bem como analisar aspectos da configuração do acervo de Pontos de Interesse (P.I.s). Tomou-se como ponto de partida, os dados consolidados no Mapa do turismo 2019-2021. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quali-quantitativa e delineamento documental. A interseção dos indicadores: i) estabelecimentos e ii) visitas nacionais do referido mapa resultou em 38 municípios, correspondente a 3,2% da região, que representam 71,34% da visitação doméstica, mais de 54% dos estabelecimentos de hospedagem e cerca de 46% das ACTS. A expressividade do conjunto extrapola a dimensão do turismo, é pluritemática, como demonstrou análise da REGIC (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [IBGE], 2016, 2020). Foram levantados 872 P.I.s. O acervo revelou distribuição e configuração irregular e desigual. Destinos enquadrados no sistema costeiro-marinho e próximos da costa se destacam no conjunto. Os costeiros na categoria Natural, enquanto os não costeiros na Cultura e Serviços e Equipamentos de Lazer. Entende-se que estes resultados podem subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão da região e dos destinos
Terrestrial Carbon Stock Potential in Selected Forest in Bhutan, India and Nepal
Authors: Choden Kezang , Suberi Bhagat , Chettri Purna
Published: June 2021

Forests are natural carbon reservoirs that play an important role in the global carbon cycle for storing large quantities of carbon in vegetation and soils. Carbon stored in pool helps in mitigating climate change by carbon sequestration. The vulnerable countries to changing climate such as Bhutan, Nepal, and India require a full understanding of carbon dynamics as well as baseline data on carbon stock potential to mitigate anticipated risks and vulnerabilities (RVs) through climate change. The scope of such RVs are trans boundary in nature, however, the comparative studies at regional scale are still scanty. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the carbon stock potentials of selected forest types in the eastern Himalayan area, with an emphasis on Bhutan, India, and Nepal. This review paper is based on published articles, information from websites and considerable data from National forestry reports of India and Bhutan; emphasizing on aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon stock.

The review showed that carbon stock potential is highly dependent on stand density, above-ground biomass, species richness and forest types. The sub-tropical forest was found to have larger carbon capacity and sequestration potential. SOC concentration and tree biomass stocks were significantly higher at the high altitude where there is less human disturbance. In general, forest coverage has increased compare to previous year in Bhutan, India and Nepal which ultimately leads to higher carbon stock potential. It is mainly due to strong policies and different strategies for conservation of forest management have reduced mass destruction despite a growing population. Despite the rules, deforestation continues to occur at various scales. However, it can be stated that the government and citizens are working hard to increase carbon stock potential, mostly through afforestation and community forest creation. In addition, it is recommended to practice sustainable forest management, regulated and planned cutting of trees and proper forest products utilization.
A Review on Luminescent Rare Earth Complexes
Authors: Shen Qiuxin ShenQiuxin , Xu Liting , Jiang Yiyan , Zhang Yiping
Published: June 2021

At present, rare earth elements are widely used in various industries. In this paper, luminescent rare earth complexes are taken as a starting point to explore the luminescence principles of several important rare earth elements. The commonly used synthesis methods of luminescent rare earth complexes in recent year are also summarized, mainly including co-precipitation method, high temperature solid phase method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal synthesis method. And prospects for the future research on luminescent rare earth complexes are made.
PERGERAKAN HARGA RUMAH DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS SISI PERMINTAAN
Authors: Roeskamto Ivana Merryawati , Atmadja Adwin Surja
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini mengobservasi pengaruh variabel-variabel permintaan seperti pendapatan masyarakat, jumlah pembeli, harga apartemen, ekspektasi harga rumah, dan juga suku bunga KPR terhadap harga rumah residensial di Indonesia pada periode 2012 hingga 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga KPR, pendapatan masyarakat dan ekspektasi harga rumah berpengaruh negatif terhadap harga properti residensial, sedangkan bertambahnya jumlah pembeli meningkatkan harga rumah residensial.
Two distinct types of cell surface folic acid‐binding proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: De Wit R.J.W.
Published: July 2002

Folic acid is degraded too fast by Dictyostelium discoideum to study binding of this ligand to cell surface binding proteins. Folate deaminase activity was inhibited in the presence of 3.3 × 10−4 M 8‐azaguanine. This inhibitor enabled us to detect two folate binding proteins. One type bound folic acid and deamino‐folic acid with the same affinity (K
0.5 = 3–6 × 10−7 M) and apparently negative cooperativity. Binding to only this type was observed if 8‐azaguanine was omitted. The second type bound folic acid noncooperatively with K
d = 7 × 10−7 M. Deamino‐folic acid did not compete even at a 1000‐fold excess. This type may correspond to the chemotactic receptor.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray crystallographic data of the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosyl‐anthranilate isomerase—indole‐3‐glycerol‐phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli
Authors: White J.L. , Grütter M.G. , Wilson E. , Thaller C. , Ford G.C. , Smit J.D.G. , Jansonius J.N. , Kirschner K.
Published: July 2002

Phosphoribosyl‐anthranilate isomerase: indole—3‐glycerol‐phosphate‐synthase, a monomeric bifunctional enzyme of M
r = 49 500 from Escherichia coli, catalyses 2 sequential reactions in the synthesis of tryptophan from chorismate. Its amino acid sequence, as predicted from the gene sequence, comprises 452 amino acids. Crystals in space group P41 (or P43) have been grown from ammonium sulphate, and in P41212 (or P43212) from polyethyleneglycol, by vapour diffusion and seeding techniques. Three heavy‐atom derivatives of the P41 form with cell dimensions a = 104.7 Å and c = 67.7 Å have been prepared. A structure determination is underway.
A conjugate of the A1 peptide of chloera toxin and the lectin of Wisteria floribunda that activates the adenylate cyclase of intact cells
Authors: van Heyningen Simon
Published: July 2002

The active A1 peptide of cholera toxin was linked by a disulphide bond to the lectin of Wisteria floribunda. The resulting conjugate activated the adenylate cyclase of intact U937 or K562 cells at the same concentrations as native toxin did, but to a greater extent. Activation was inhibited by N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine or by antisera to the lectin or peptide. The characteristic lag phase between addition of toxin to cells and activation of cyclase was not found with the conjugate or with free A1 peptide.
Restoration by insulin of the responsiveness of stimulated adipocytes to adenosine
Authors: Lambert Bernard , Jacquemin Claude
Published: July 2002

The stimulation of adipocyte‐cyclase by isoproterenol decreases its sensitivity to adenosine, with, as a consequence, a decrease in its antilipolytic effect. The presence of insulin under conditions where its action on the phosphodiesterase activity is impaired, restores the responsiveness of adenylate‐cyclase and of lipolysis to adenosine.
In vitro studies on some parameters of the binding of the rat hemopexin—heme complex with the hepatic membrane reeptor
Authors: Tran-Quang N. , Bernard N. , Higa Y. , Engler R.
Published: July 2002

The binding of [125I]Hpx—heme with the rat hepatic plasma membrane receptor was studied at 37°C as well as different parameters such as plasma membrane concentration, calcium dependence, optimal pH and specific binding. A Scatchard plot revealed the existence of one binding for [125I]Hpx—heme on the isolated liver plasma membrane with a K
d = 3.2 × 10−8 M.
An L‐methionine—D,L‐sulfoximine‐resistant mutant of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum showing inhibitor‐resistant γ‐glutamyl‐transferase, defective glutamine synthetase and producing extracellular ammonia during N2 fixation
Authors: Singh H.N. , Singh R.K. , Sharma R.
Published: July 2002

The role of γ‐glutamyl‐transferase in regulation of N2‐fixation and ammonia assimilation in Nostoc muscorum was examined by isolating mutants in which the enzyme was resistant to L‐methionine—D,L‐sulfoximine. Mutant and wild‐type were compared with respect to nitrogenase activity, extracellular production of nitrogenase‐catalysed ammonia, γ‐glutamyl‐transferase activity and growth in N2 and glutamine media. While the production of inhibitor‐resistant enzyme with defective γ‐glutamyl‐transferase activity fully explains the inhibitor‐resistant growth phenotype, the present results also suggest close metabolic linkage between γ‐glutamyl transferase, nitrogenase and assimilation and extracellular production of N2‐derived ammonia.
Three kinds of extracellular glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g)
Authors: Shimamura Atsunari , Tsumori Hideaki , Mukasa Hidehiko
Published: July 2002

In addition to the 1,3‐α‐D‐glucan synthetase (pI 4.9) and the highly‐branched 1,6‐α‐D‐glucan synthetase (pI 3.9–4.1), Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g) was found to secrete the third glucosyltransferase in multiple forms (pI 5.5–7.0), which exhibited 87% 1,6‐α‐bond‐, 6% 1,3‐α‐bond‐ and 7% 1,3,6‐branch‐forming activities. The production of this enzyme was extremely enhanced when the organism was grown in Tween 80‐supplemented medium. The 3 glucosyltransferases from the same organism were enzymatically and immunologically distinct from each other, and they were commonly found among the serotype g strains.
Evidence for the coupling of T7 DNA injection with its transcription during infection
Authors: Zavriev S.K. , Vorob'ev S.M.
Published: July 2002

The kinetics of T7 phage DNA transfer from the virion into E.coli during infection in the presence of chloramphenicol was compared under the same conditions with the kinetics of its in vivo transcription. The results obtained allow us to conclude that these two processes are tightly coupled.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins released from sea urchin nuclei by limited digestion with DNase I
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhide
Published: July 2002

The morula and the mesenchyme blastula nuclei contained approx. 30 nuclear proteins which were preferentially released by limited digestion with DNase I, but no proteins were released from sperm nuclei. While most of the proteins released by DNase I digestion were common to the two embryonic stages, 2 and 6 proteins were specific or enriched in morulae and mesenchyme blastulae, respectively.
On the structure of active chromatin
Authors: Matsuoka Yukio , Nielsen Peter E. , Nordén Bengt J.F.
Published: July 2002

Nuclei from Ehrlich ascites cells were treated with micrococcal nuclease or DNase I and extracted with 1 mM EDTA. The chromatin fraction released by this procedure showed positive flow linear dichroism (LD) at low salt (2 mM NaCl) while the non‐released fraction had negative LD. Furthermore, the chromatin structure responsible for the positive LD was found to be labile: The LD was reduced by heat (37°C) or RNase treatment and inverted to a negative LD by electric fields (10 kV/cm) and by the presence of DNA binding dyes.
Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the recirculating rat liver perfusion by cysteine but not by oxothiazolidine carboxylate, an intracellular cysteine precursor
Authors: Glazenburg Eitjo J. , Bruggink Jan E. , Wolters-Keulemans Katja , Mulder Gerard J.
Published: July 2002

In the recirculating rat liver perfusion a continuous release of glutathione into the perfusion medium is observed. Addition of L‐cysteine to the perfusion medium immediately arrested this glutathione efflex. The cysteine precursor oxothiazolidine carboxylate did not block the glutathione efflux in spite of the fact that it generated more L‐cysteine inside the liver cells than L‐cysteine itself; L‐cysteine is rapidly oxidized to cystine, that is no longer taken up by the liver. The results suggest that the inhibition of glutathione efflux results from the presence of cystine in the perfusion medium.
The catabolite gene activation system ofE.coli may be directly involved in regulation of bacteriophage λ development
Authors: Glukhov I.L. , Fodor I.
Published: July 2002

The primary structure of bacteriophage λ DNA has been searched for the presence of consensus CAP binding sites. Four putative CAP binding sites have been found on the λ genome, indicating that the catabolite gene activation system of E.coli may be directly involved in the regulation of λ development. Molecular mechanisms of putative cAMP‐CAP‐mediated stimulation of lysogenic and lytic responses are discussed.
Catecholamine control of enzymes involved in isocitrate oxidation of rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Kulinsky Vladimir I. , Trufanova Ludmila V. , Medvedev Alexei E.
Published: July 2002

Treatment of rats or liver homogenates with catecholamines (isoproterenol or noradrenaline) increased activities of both NAD+‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and NAD(P)+ ‐transhydrogenase (in the direction of hydrogen transfer NADPH → NAD+ with no change in NADP+ ‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. These effects were realized via β‐adrenoceptors. Cyclic AMP mimicked the catecholamine action on incubation with liver homogenate. The effects of catecholamines and cyclic AMP were not additive.
In vitro studies on origin and site of action of enzyme activity responsible for conversion of human proapoprotein A‐I into apoprotein A‐I
Authors: Kooistra Teake , Victor van Hinsbergh , Louis Havekes , Herman Jan Kempen
Published: July 2002

Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep G2) were shown to secrete apo A‐I as a proprotein. No apo A‐I synthesis could be detected with endothelial cells from human umbilical cord veins. Conversion of proapo A‐I into apo A‐I is a slow (of the order of hours) process, mediated by a Ca2+/Mg2+‐dependent enzyme which is present on the surface of plasma lipoprotein particles, endothelial cells and Hep G2 cells, and is probably synthesized by Hep G2 cells.
Oligomer distribution of depolymerase digests: comparison of theory and experiment
Authors: Mazur A.K. , Nazarova N.I. , Elyakova L.A.
Published: July 2002

Enzyme hydrolysis of linear β‐1,3‐glucan was carried out, with p‐nitrophenylglucoside (in a high concentration) involved in simultaneous transglucosylation reaction. The p‐nitrophenyloligosides were next separated by gel chromatography and the product distribution shape was studied. In good agreement with earlier theoretical predictions the distribution shape was close to an exponential one for oligomer chain length exceeding the size of the enzyme‐binding region.
Binding of macrophages and phospholipid flip‐flop in supported lipid bilayers
Authors: Nakanishi Mamoru , Matsumoto Kazuko , Takahashi Seizo
Published: July 2002

Subclass‐specific antibody‐dependent interactions (binding and triggering) between macrophages and supported lipid bilayers have been studied. Percentages of mouse macrophage binding (J774 cell line) to the lipid bilayers were dependent on mouse monoclonal IgG subclasses. The efficiencies were as follows: IgG1 = IgG2a > IgG2b > IgG3. Furthermore, macrophage triggering (spreading) was more efficient on IgG2a‐or IgGl‐coated lipid bilayers than on IgG2a, IgG3, or non‐specific rabbit IgG. The present experiments show also that phospholipid molecules are able to flip‐flop from one side of a supported planar bilayer membrane to the other with a half‐life of 10 h–1 day at 25°C.
Location of two of the introns in the antithrombin‐III gene
Authors: Jagd Susanne , Vibe-Pedersen Karen , Magnusson Staffan
Published: July 2002

At least two of the introns in the antithrombin‐III (AT‐III) gene are located in positions different from those of the other three proteins in this superfamily for which the gene structures are known, namely, ovalbumin, α1‐antitrypsin and angiotensinogen. In another part of the 3'‐portion of the AT‐III gene there is no intron where each of the other three gene structures has one.
Characterization of restriction‐modification enzymes Cfr13 I from Citrobacter freundii RFL13
Authors: Bitinaité J.B. , Klimašauskas S.J. , Butkus V.V. , Janulaitis A.A.
Published: July 2002

This communicatiopn describes some properties of RCfr13 I and MCfr13 I, isolated from Citrobacter freundii RFL13. RCFfr13 I restriction enzyme recognizes the 5'‐G↓GNCC sequence and cleaves, as indicated by the arrow. MCfr13 I methylase modifies the internal cytosine producing m5C (5'‐GGNm5CC). RCfr13 I is sensitive not only to this type of substrate modification but also to hemimethylation in overlapping sites by MCfr10 I (internal cytosine of RCfr13 I recognition is methylated) and MHpa II (external cytosine is methylated). From these results the sensitivity of RCfr13 I to methylation by dcm methylase of E.coli in overlapping sites is deduced.
Non‐equilibrium state of a monomeric insect haemoglobin induced by γ‐irradiation and detected by Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Prusakov V.E. , Stukan R.A. , Davidov R.M. , Gersonde K.
Published: July 2002

The met‐aquo form of the monomeric insect haemoglobin CTT III has been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy before and after reduction with thermolyzed electrons at low temperature. The native met haemoglobin dissolved in water and water/glycerol mixtures, respectively, exhibits in the range of pH 5.8 to 9.0 high‐spin iron(III). The electronic state of the haemoglobin is not affected by the solvent conditions. In water/glycerol γ‐irradiation at 77 K results in the reduction of the haem iron by thermolyzed electrons. Due to this process, the hexacoordinated high‐spin iron(III) is transformed into a hexacoordinated low‐spin iron(II). This latter complex is a transition state which changes into the high‐spin iron(II) state of the deoxyhaemoglobin when increasing the temperature. Thus, a kinetically stabilized non‐equilibrium state of the haemoglobin exists at low temperature which relaxes with increasing temperature and finally reaches the equilibrium state to form deoxyhaemoglobin. This transition occurs at T > 190 K and corresponds with drastic changes in the temperature dependence of the Lamb‐Mössbauer factor. Both effects indicate an alteration of the intramolecular flexibility of the haemoglobin.
A fluorescence study of the ternary system lecithin‐sodium deoxycholate‐water showing structural transformations
Authors: Antonov Peter A. , Pancheva Rayna P. , Naplatarova Maria D. , Stoylov Stoyl P.
Published: July 2002

A fluorescence method was applied to study structural transitions occurring in the ternary system lecithinsodium deoxycholate‐water. The method is based on binding of the hydrophilic probe rhodamine‐B to the structures at molar ratios of lecithin and deoxycholate (L/D) ranging from 0.16 to 10.7. The relationship between the fluorescence intensity and L/D ratio was sharply altered at molar ratios of 0.9 and 4.5. Thus three L/D regions could be distinguished and inflection points were estimated for each one. It is suggested that the L/D values of the sharp transitions (0.9 and 4.5) and the inflection points (0.5, 1.5 and 5.5) indicate generation of new types of molecular arrangements in the ternary system.
Isolation of a large complex from the matrix of pea leaf mitochondria involved in the rapid transformation of glycine into serine
Authors: Neuburger Michel , Bourguignon Jacques , Douce Roland
Published: July 2002

The glycine cleavage system associated with serine hydroxymethyltransferase has been extracted as a fully active complex from pea leaf mitochondria. Some biochemical properties of this complex were studied.
The excimer fluorescence of N‐(1‐pyrenyl)iodoacetamide labeled to myosin and its subfragment 1
Authors: Ikkai Takamitsu , Mihashi Kohsin
Published: July 2002

Myosin and its subfragment 1 were labeled with the fluorescent probe N‐(1‐pyrenyl)iodoacetamide. Both of the labeled complexes exhibited the excimer band at 480 nm (pH 8.0, 25 °C). SH1 and SH2 are labeled with this probe as judged by Ca2+‐ATPase of the labeled complex. Excimers arise both from the interaction of PIAAs in the two different heads within a single myosin molecule and also from the interaction of PIAAs in the same head. ATP affects these excimers depending on the concentration of Ca2+.
Evidence for genetic divergence in ribosomal RNA genes in mycobacteria
Authors: Cox Robert A. , Katoch Vishwa M.
Published: July 2002

DNA was isolated from Mycobacterium phlei and from M. smegmatis. Each DNA sample was restricted with endonucleases, the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose film. Fragments of DNA containing rRNA sequences were identified by means of 125I‐labelled rRNA of M. phlei or of M. smegmatis. The distributions of restriction endonuclease sites within the rRNA gene(s) and flanking sequences were found to be characteristic for each of the two species. Hybridizations with heterologous probes indicate that although M. phlei rRNA and M. smegmatis rRNA share regions of sequence homology, they are probably not identical in primary structure. The results suggest that the rRNA genes might prove to be useful taxonomic markers for mycobacteria.
Sequence dependence and role of 5'‐phosphate in the B to Z transition
Authors: Majumder Kumud , Brahmachari Samir K. , Sasisekharan V.
Published: July 2002

Spectroscopic studies on pd(CG)3 and pd(GC)3 have been carried out to elucidate the sequence dependence and effect of free 5'‐phosphate on the B to Z transition. Unlike d(CG)3, pd(CG)3 fails to undergo salt‐induced B to Z transition at ambient temperature. Model building studies have been carried out to determine the inhibitory role of the 5'‐phosphate group, but have been unsuccessful.
Properties of two chymotrypsins from the digestive gland of prawn Penaeus monodon
Authors: Tsai Inn-Ho , Liu Hsien-Ching , Chuang Kuei-Lien
Published: July 2002

For the first time chymotrypsins have been isolated from the hepatopancreas of prawn. Two purified chymotrypsins from Penaeus monodon were found to be single‐chained with molecular masses of 27 and 26 kDa, respectively. They have chymotrypsin‐like specificities, and cleave the insulin chain B preferentially on the carboxyl side of tyrosyl, phenylalanyl and leucyi residues. They were effectively inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, turkey and chicken ovomucoid, chymostatin, PMSF, Z‐AlaGlyPhe chloromethyl ketone but not by Z‐Phe chloromethyl ketone and many other small protease inhibitors. The shrimp enzymes hydrolyze protein substrates as rapidly as but small substrates much slower than bovine chymotrypsin, suggesting the importance of an extended substrate interacting site.
Physico‐chemical study of complex formation of DNA with wild‐type and mutant E. coli RNA polymerases Recognition properties of β‐subunit
Authors: Ozoline O.N. , Kamzolova S.G.
Published: July 2002

Complex formation of T7 DNA with RNA polymerase from E. coli B/r WU‐36‐10‐11‐12 (E. coli W 12) and its rifampicin‐resistant mutant rpoB409 was studied. The rpoB409 mutant possesses a highly pleiotropic effect due to alteration in the RNA polymerase β‐subunit structure. The two RNA polymerases have been previously shown to differ in gene selection during RNA synthesis on T7 DNA. In this study it was found that the change in selective properties of the mutant RNA polymerase occurs during its interaction with DNA, the general ability of the enzyme to melt DNA being unaffected.
Differential expression of fucosyl GM1 and a disialoganglioside with a NeuAcα2‐6Ga1NAc linkage (GD1e) in various rat ascites hepatoma cells
Authors: Iwamori M. , Sunada S. , Ishihara E. , Moki M. , Fujimoto S. , Nagai Y.
Published: July 2002

A distinct difference in ganglioside composition among various rat ascites hepatomas and Yoshida sarcoma was observed on TLC‐immunostaining with anti‐fucosyl GM1 antibody, and chemical and enzymatic analyses. Yoshida sarcoma and ascites hepatomas, AH13, AH66F and AH66, but not the other 9 tumor cell lines investigated, specifically contained a disialoganglioside, NeuAcα2‐3Ga1β1‐3(NeuAcα2‐6)Ga1NAcβ1‐4Galβ1‐4G1cβ1‐1ceramide (GD1e), whereas the 9 ascites hepatoma cells without GD1e contained fucosyl GM1. The differential expression of fucosyl GM1 and GD1e in various tumor cell lines indicates that different cell lineages express distinct metabolic pathways for gangliosides, and that the gangliosides are useful markers for distinguishing tumor cell lines.
Null and electrophoretic mobility mutants in the structural gene for L‐lactate dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rush Karen , Sbragia Ralph , Wills Christopher
Published: July 2002

A mutant lacking L‐lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.2.3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated by its inability to grow on minimal medium with L‐lactate as a carbon source. A simple activity gel assay for visualization of this enzyme and the two D‐lactate dehydrogenases in this organism (EC 1.1.2.4 and 1.1.1.28) was developed. This enabled us to screen spontaneous and ethylmethanesulfonate‐induced back mutants for electrophoretic mobility. Two mutants with a mobility faster than that of the wild type were isolated, and proved to be allelic to the L‐lactate dehydrogenase negative mutant.
Stimulus‐response coupling in a cell‐free platelet membrane system
Authors: O'Rourke Flavia , Zavoico George B. , Smith Laurens H. , Feinstein Maurice B.
Published: July 2002

The Ca2+‐mobilizing action of thrombin was demonstrated in a cell‐free platelet membrane system consisting of open sheets of plasma membrane plus sealed membrane vesicles that accumulate Ca2+ and release Ca2+ in response to IP3. Thrombin plus GTP, acting on plasma membrane (not vesicles), produced a soluble factor (destroyed by alkaline phosphatase) that released Ca2+ from the vesicles. This effect of thrombin/GTP was blocked by a monoclonal antibody that binds to vesicles and prevents Ca2+ release by IP3. Pertussis toxin plus NAD ADP‐ribosylated plasma membrane polypeptides of 39 and 41 kDa and blocked Ca2+ release by thrombin/GTP, but not by IP3.
A comparison by magnetic circular dichroism of compound X and compound II of horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Foote Nicholas , Gadsby Paul M.A. , Field Robert A. , Greenwood Colin , Thomson Andrew J.
Published: July 2002

The chlorite product of horseradish peroxidase, compound X, is shown by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy in the temperature range 1.6–50 K to have a very similar haem structure to compound II under the same conditions (pH 10.7). Both are concluded to contain the Fe(IV)=0 group. The MCD spectrum also detects an unusual species, absorbing at wavelengths between 600 and 750 nm, that has magnetic properties different from those of the ferryl haem group. It is suggested that this is a species at the same oxidation level as ferryl haem but with the porphyrin ring having suffered a one‐electron oxidation, i.e. [Fe(III) P.+].
Ethanol alters the adenosine receptor‐Ni‐mediated adenylate cyclase inhibitory response in rat brain cortex in vitro
Authors: Bauché F. , Bourdeaux-Jaubert A.M. , Giudicelli Y. , Nordmann R.
Published: July 2002

It has been suggested that ethanol stimulates adenylate cyclase in vitro through an increased function of Ns, the activitory component of adenylate cyclase. Because of the interaction of Ns with Ni, the adenylate cyclase inhibitory component, we have studied the effect of ethanol (0.05–0.2 M) on Ni‐mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition caused by the adenosine analog N
6‐phenylisopropyladenosine (N6‐PIA) in brain cortical membranes. Ethanol did not alter N6‐PIA binding to the adenosine Ri‐receptors, stimulated slightly basal adenylate cyclase activity but abolished adenylate cyclase inhibition due to N6‐PIA, suggesting an effect of ethanol on the inhibitory coupling pathway. This was further supported by loss of the adenylate cyclase inhibitory response to GTP (10−5 M). It thus seems that, besides its effect on the Ns system, ethanol may also impair Ni‐mediated adenylate cyclase responses in rat cerebral cortex.
Sequence‐dependence of the conformational changes induced by the 5‐methyl cytosine in synthetic RNA oligomers
Authors: Bloch G. , Neumann J.M. , Babin F. , Huynh-Dinh T.
Published: July 2002

The RNA hexamer containing a 5‐methyl cytosine (m5C) r(CGUAm5CG) was studied by 1H and 31P NMR at 500 MHz and 121 MHz, respectively. In contrast to r(CGm5CGCG) which exhibits an atypic duplex structure [(1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 2539–2541], r(CGUAm5CG) adopts a classical A‐type conformation. This result demonstrates that the influence of the m5C on the conformation of RNA hexamers is sequence‐dependent.
Adenylate cyclase of bovine adrenal cortex plasma membranes
Authors: de Foresta Béatrice , Rogard Monique , Gallay Jacques
Published: July 2002

The diterpene forskolin maximally stimulated bovine adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase activity 9‐fold with a concentration producing half‐maximum effect (ED50) of about 4 μM. The effects of forskolin and the fully active corticotropin fragment ACTH (1–24) were additive over nearly the whole range of concentration of both effectors, indicating separate and independent mechanisms of action. By contrast, 10 mM NaF blocked forskolin action in the nanomolar range of the diterpene concentration, while it allowed a partial stimulation by forskolin in the micromolar range. NaF thus reveals a heterogeneity of forskolin action in the adrenal cortex plasma membranes. Moreover, our data suggest that ACTH and NaF activation effects, both mediated by the stimulatory regulatory protein Gs, proceed through different mechanisms.
GTP‐binding protein associated with amino acid binding proteins from olfactory epithelium of skate, Dasyatis pastinaca
Authors: Novoselov V.I. , Krapivinskaya L.D. , Krapivinsky G.B. , Fesenko E.E.
Published: July 2002

Amino acid binding protein (98 kDa) from olfactory epithelium of skate, Dasyatis pastinaca, form a stable complex with the 56 kDa protein. This complex dissociates in the presence of 10 μM GTPγS and 2 mM MgCl2. The 56 kDa protein has a steady‐state GTPase activity (15 nmol/min per mg). Binding of amino acids to the 98 kDa protein specifically stimulates GTPase activity of the 56 kDa protein; half‐maximal stimulation of GTPase activity is observed at 0.1 μM amino acid.
Covalent conjugation of mammalian calmodulin with ubiquitin
Authors: Ziegenhagen R. , Gehrke P. , Jennissen H.P.
Published: July 2002

In this paper it is shown that mammalian calmodulin from bovine testis is a substrate for reticulocyte ubiquitin conjugating activity (UCA) forming a 1:1 covalent conjugate between bovine calmodulin and ubiquitin (uCaM). There is an absolute requirement for Ca2+ in the range of ∼10 μM for ubiquitination of calmodulin to occur. This novel conjugate (uCaM) shows a Ca2+‐dependent mobility change in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, indicating that the calmodulin‐ubiquitin conjugate still retains the mobility change of native calmodulin. This conjugation reaction could be of prime importance for the intracellular turnover of calmodulin in the mammalian cell, although it cannot be excluded that the ubiquitin‐calmodulin conjugate might in itself be of biological relevance.
A new human alphoid‐like repetitive DNA sequence
Authors: Doering Jeffrey L. , Burket Anne E. , Carnahan Susan L.
Published: July 2002

A new tandemly repetitive sequence family, having the 170 bp basic repeat characteristic of alphoid sequences, has been identified in the human genome. Its organization in the whole genome and on chromosome 21 is different from that of any of the previously described alphoid families. Members of this new family are unusually heterogeneous in sequence, and there are a number of variant sequence classes. Some of the variant classes exist in separate genomic domains, and even on a single chromosome the members of such a class are not significantly intermixed with members of another class.