bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival and breeding interval of an endangered marine vertebrate, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, in French Guiana
Authors: Chevallier D , Girondot M , Berzins R , Chevalier J , de Thoisy B , Fretey J , Kelle L , Lebreton JD
Published: December 2019

In the context of global change, endangered species such as sea turtles undergo strong population dynamics changes. Understanding demographic processes inducing such changes is critical for developing appropriate measures for conservation and management. Nesting females of the French Guiana population of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea represented 40% of the world’s total in 2001; today, they represent only 10%. Here, we analyze data from the long-term monitoring program of leatherbacks in French Guiana, based on 28 yr of capture-mark-recapture data from 46051 individuals in northwestern French Guiana. We used multievent models (multistate capture-recapture models with state uncertainty) to represent the main peculiarity of the life cycle, intermittent reproduction, and to take advantage of the use of several different types of marks to account for mark loss and incomplete detection. The average annual adult survival probability (mean ± SE) 0.789 ± 0.009 is low compared to published estimates for this species. By combining the estimates of departure and return probabilities, we provide an estimate of the interval among laying seasons equal to 2.777 ± 0.118 yr, which matches previous findings. Taking survival into account, this interval translates into an average of 1.704 ± 0.034 further reproductive seasons for an adult female having just bred, which is remarkably low compared to other long-lived vertebrates. The representation of the life cycle and mark loss in our models provides a sound structure for broader and richer analyses to extract biological information from marked individuals and offers an invaluable source of demographic information on leatherbacks, a species for which only a small segment of the population is accessible to intermittent sampling.
EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF PROTECTION TOOLS OF STATE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Goldobina Anastasiya , Selifanov Valentin
Published: December 2019

Protection components of state information system represent the uniform mechanism capable to protect confidential information. If one of protection elements does not work effectively, it will become a problem for the entire information security system. Public information systems need to take into account all available ways to prevent information leakage, for this, operators should evaluate the efficiency. This article proposes possible solutions of the problem.
PROBLEMS OF PROPERTY VALUATION FOR THE PLEDGE
Authors: Tarasov Artem , Chegosheva Kseniya , Lobanova Helena
Published: December 2019

In the article there is information about problems of valuation of real estate for purposes of mortgage lending − the methodology of collateral, lack of legislative framework for the assessment of collateral. The basic concepts are given.
THE SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM «SMART CITY»
Authors: Kovalev Dmitry , Kulik Ekaterina
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the concept of a smart city, a conceptual scheme of the advanced system of environmental management of the city is given, features of geographic information systems in solving problems of environmental monitoring are presented.
DATA ASSIMILATION METHOD FOR THE TASK OF PASSIVE IMPURITY PROPAGATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON A DYNAMIC-STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Authors: Platonova Marina , Klimova Ekaterina
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider the method of data assimilation for the problem the propagation of the concentration a passive impurity in the atmosphere. Classical approaches to solving such problems are described, features of the application of algorithms, their minuses and pros. Two algorithms are considered: the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalmans moother. Various ways to improve the convergence of these algorithms, such as localization and inflation factor, are considered.
FEATURES OF THE SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION OF LABOR IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF METROLOGICAL WORKS
Authors: Schastnykh Alexander , Gritskevich Olga
Published: December 2019

The article examines the directions of the scientific organization of labor at the enterprise and its features in the performance of metrological work.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOINFORMATION MODEL OF THE COAL INDUSTRY OF THE KEMEROVO REGION
Authors: Nazarova Galina , Radchenko Lyudmila
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the need to create a geoinformation model of the coal industry in the Kemerovo Region. The requirements for developed geoinformation model, general geographic justification and thematic content of the geoinformation model of the coal industry are lisfed. A detailed technological scheme for creating of a geoinformation model of the coal industry of the Kemerovo Region was developed.
OPTICAL LENS DESIGN FOR THERMAL IMAGING DEVICE WITH THE COOLED DETECTOR
Authors: Grechenevskiy Alexey , Khatsevich Tatyana
Published: December 2019

The classification of lens design for cooled thermal imaging devices based on position of the entrance pupil is proposed. The results of the development of the optical system with the entrance pupil on the first component are presented. The methods for reducing the axial length of the lens are shown.
ANALYSIS OF PRICING FACTORS IN REAL ESTATE MARKET
Authors: Chernyshova Maria , Malenkaya Arina , Mezhuyeva Tatyana
Published: December 2019

In the real estate market price depends on supply and demand is formed under the influence of social, economic and physical factors. The article presents the results of the analysis of pricing factors in the real estate market, the forecast of real estate prices in 2019.
BASIC SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR A SINGLE STATE REGISTRY OF REAL ESTATE
Authors: Volgina Anastasiya , Shamilov Aleksandr , Mitrofanova Natalia
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a cumulative analysis of the current legislation in relation to the Unified State Register of Real Estate. In the modern world, real estate objects are an integral part of society and the state. For citizens, real estate is primarily a subject of consumption and a means of production, and for the state it is subject to taxation. To perform all these functions, you need up-to-date and reliable information about real estate objects.
In the Russian Federation, the source of such information is the Unified State Register of Real Estate, created to collect and systematize the collected information about real estate objects. It serves as the main and most important state information resource for information about real estate.
In order for the Unified State Register of Real Estate to respond to its main functions, it must contain reliable and relevant information about real estate objects. The article discusses the sources of information for filling the unified state register of real estate and the mechanisms for entering such information.
LAND AND CADASTRAL ASPECTS OF THE SECTION OF THE LAND PLOT (PROPERTY DIVISION ON DIVORCE)
Authors: Ivanova Aleksandra , Parkhomenko Darya
Published: December 2019

The article describes the different ways of land parcel division between the owners on divorce.
ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS THAT ARISE UNDER INTERACTION WITH THE STATE FOREST REGISTRY
Authors: Ilyinykh Anastasiia , Ponomareva Olesya
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the problems of obtaining information from the state forest fund.
RATIONAL EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL SUBURB LAND USE FOR RESIDENTIAL HOUSING
Authors: Chernigina Mariya
Published: December 2019

The article gives the rationality evaluation of using agricultural lands in suburbs for low-rise residential housing on the example of the Belgorod region. The results let make a conclusion about the efficiency of such land turnover within the boundaries of one region. The loss of agricultural lands in the result of their transforming and including into the city lands is mostly compensated by increasing their investment attractiveness.
The Be SMART Initiative: Educating Communities on Safe Gun Practices
Authors: Thomas Johanna , Chappell-Deckert Jennifer , Thomas Shaun
Published: December 2019

Gun violence is a growing public health crisis in America. Approximately 1,500 children per year die from gun violence in the United States. Approximately 800 children are shot and killed, another 600 die by gun suicide and 100 shoot themselves or someone else because of improperly stored firearms [1-3]. This manuscript highlights the need for social workers and allied health professionals to play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional child shootings by educating clients and communities about safe gun practices. This manuscript describes the “Be SMART for Kids” program, a strengths-based, empowerment model with a nonconfrontational approach to talking about guns and gun safety. Practical information for implementing the Be SMART model by incorporating it into everyday conversations, public health practices, education and policy are also described.
Effect of Soil Type on Calcium Absorption and Partitioning in Young Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Trees
Authors: Bonomelli Claudia , Gil Pilar M. , Schaffer Bruce
Published: December 2019

A two-year study was conducted to determine how soil texture affects calcium (Ca) absorption and partitioning in potted ‘Hass’ avocado trees. Trees were planted in 200 L pots in one of four soil types: clay (C), clay loam (CL), sandy loam (SL) or sand (S). Prior to planting, Ca content in each soil was in the normal range of availability, although the Ca concentration was highest in C soil. After two years of tree development, dry weights of shoots and roots were significantly higher in the SL and S soils than in C soil. Trees in the C soil had higher wood dry weight than trees in SL or S soils. The Ca contents (absolute quantities, not concentrations) in the roots, shoots and whole tree were significantly lower in the C soil than in the SL or S soils. The K/Ca ratio of trees in the C soil (K/Ca = 1.5) was significantly higher than that in the other soil types. Stem water potential was significantly lower for trees in the C soil compared to the other soils. These results indicate that Ca absorption and partitioning in young avocado trees varies with soil texture, probably associated with soil effects on root growth and/or plant water status.
Determining Thresholds for Grassland Renovation by Sod-Seeding
Authors: Rueda-Ayala Victor P. , Höglind Mats
Published: December 2019

This study aimed at identifying optimal sward conditions for successful establishment of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) through sod-seeding two typical Norwegian grassland systems dominated by timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), respectively. A total of four sod-seeding trials were implemented, two in late summer (SUM) and two in spring (SPR), one for each sward type and time point for reseeding. The sward coverage status was the basis for threshold definition, and image analysis techniques were used for objective coverage estimation of living plants, dead material and bare soil. Plots with different coverage levels (0–100% of the soil covered by vegetation) were created by spraying a broad-spectrum herbicide (glyphosate) in a spot-wise pattern, mimicking common types of patchiness caused by stressful weather events, e.g., frost or mechanical damage from wheels or hoofs. Seed germination and emergence started similarly in all coverage ranges. However, as time progressed clover seedlings started to die at a coverage dependent rate, and at the final harvest red clover dry matter (RCDM) was the lowest on plots with the highest pre-seeding coverage level. Dose-response curves explained these relationships and allowed estimating the effective-coverage ( E C o v 80 ), being the initial sward coverage at which 80% of all established red clover plants contributed significantly to the total biomass. Above 2500 kg ha−1 RCDM were produced on timothy ( E C o v 80 : 15–50%) in SUM, while less than 1000 kg ha−1 RCDM were produced on ryegrass ( E C o v 80 : ± 10 % ), indicating better conditions for clover establishment in timothy compared with ryegrass. In SPR, an E C o v 80 : 10–15% allowed a good red clover estabishment in ryegrass at cut 3, while RCDM was important and significant in timothy even between E C o v 80 20 and 60%, at cut 2 and cut 3, respectively. These thresholds for sod-seeding mark the challenges to introduce red clover in dense swards and could be applicable for grassland renovation with other desirable legume and grasses species. Our findings represent particular soil and climatic characteristics of the study site, thus should be taken with caution. Due to the lack of experimentally and sytematically determined thresholds for reseeding, future studies could benefit from our experimental approach, as a base for more complex, multi-site and multi-seasonal investigations, and farmers could use these thresholds for decision making on successful grassland renovation, to avoid wasting seed resources and yield loses.
Unprecedented Rainfall and Moisture Patterns during El Niño 2016 in the Eastern Pacific and Tropical Andes: Northern Perú and Ecuador
Authors: Sanabria Janeet , Carrillo Carlos M. , Labat David
Published: December 2019

Using vertically integrated water vapor and its convergence, associated with large-scale and regional atmospheric circulation, we found two patterns of rainfall over the Eastern Pacific (EP) and the tropical Andes-with a focus in Ecuador and northern Perú-during three recent El Niño events: 1983, 1998, and 2016. Although these three events were the strongest El Niños, the different sources of moisture contribute to different rainfall patterns between El Niño 1983–1998 and 2016. In the region, the spatial pattern of precipitation during El Niño 2016 presents an unprecedented out-of-phase atmospheric response consistent and verified with water vapor transport when compared with El Niño 1983–1998. During El Niño 2016, precipitation in the Andes was enhanced by moist air transported from the Amazon—with an opposite regime compared to the subsidence that dominated in 1983–1998. During the 1983–1998 El Niño, the source of moisture to feed the EP was enhanced by upper-level divergence (300 hPa), which supports moisture influx by middle levels in the EP. In El Niño 2016, this divergent upper-level flow migrated north, followed by the companion moisture. This study illustrates a link between upper-level large-scale circulation and low-level regional mechanisms on the moisture transport in determining different rainfall patterns during El Niño events.
Exact Solutions for a Class of Wick-Type Stochastic (3+1)-Dimensional Modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Equations
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Hyder Abd-Allah , Zakarya M. , AlNemer Ghada , Cesarano Clemente , Assante Dario
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we investigate the Wick-type stochastic (3+1)-dimensional modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equations. We present a generalised version of the modified tanh–coth method. Using the generalised, modified tanh–coth method, white noise theory, and Hermite transform, we produce a new set of exact travelling wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional modified BBM equations. This set includes solutions of exponential, hyperbolic, and trigonometric types. With the help of inverse Hermite transform, we obtained stochastic travelling wave solutions for the Wick-type stochastic (3+1)-dimensional modified BBM equations. Eventually, by application example, we show how the stochastic solutions can be given as white noise functional solutions.
Effect of Ozone Treatment on Flavonoid Accumulation of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) during Ambient Storage
Authors: Zhu Xiangrong , Jiang Jing , Yin Chunxiao , Li Gaoyang , Jiang Yueming , Shan Yang
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to compare the flavonoid accumulation between ozone-treated and untreated Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits. The fruits exposed to gaseous ozone were found to have higher antioxidant activities and content of flavonoid during the storage period by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). To reveal the molecular regulation of flavonoid accumulation by ozone, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), chitinase (CHT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) were identified and their expression was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). These results support the promising application of ozone treatment as a safe food preservation technique for controlling postharvest disease and extending shelf-life of harvested Satsuma mandarin.
N-Acyl Amino Acids: Metabolism, Molecular Targets, and Role in Biological Processes
Authors: Battista Natalia , Bari Monica , Bisogno Tiziana
Published: December 2019

The lipid signal is becoming increasingly crowded as increasingly fatty acid amide derivatives are being identified and considered relevant therapeutic targets. The identification of N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine as endogenous ligand of cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors as well as the development of different–omics technologies have the merit to have led to the discovery of a huge number of naturally occurring N-acyl-amines. Among those mediators, N-acyl amino acids, chemically related to the endocannabinoids and belonging to the complex lipid signaling system now known as endocannabinoidome, have been rapidly growing for their therapeutic potential. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms for the biosynthesis and inactivation of the N-acyl amino acids, as well as the various molecular targets for some of the N-acyl amino acids described so far.
Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Jao Chi-Wen , Soong Bing-Wen , Huang Chao-Wen , Duan Chien-An , Wu Chih-Chun , Wu Yu-Te , Wang Po-Shan
Published: December 2019

Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) demonstrate similar manifestations, including ataxia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, as well as atrophy and signal intensity changes in the cerebellum and brainstem. MSA-C and SCA3 cannot be clinically differentiated through T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone; therefore, clinical consensus criteria and genetic testing are also required. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure water molecular diffusion of white matter and investigate the difference between MSA-C and SCA3. Four measurements were calculated from DTI images, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Fifteen patients with MSA-C, 15 patients with SCA3, and 30 healthy individuals participated in this study. Both patient groups demonstrated a significantly decreased FA but a significantly increased AD, RD, and MD in the cerebello-ponto-cerebral tracts. Moreover, patients with SCA3 demonstrated a significant decrease in FA but more significant increases in AD, RD, and MD in the cerebello-cerebral tracts than patients with MSAC. Our results may suggest that FA and MD can be effectively used for differentiating SCA3 and MSA-C, both of which are cerebellar ataxias and have many common atrophied regions in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex.
An Update on Mitochondrial Ribosome Biology: The Plant Mitoribosome in the Spotlight
Authors: Tomal Artur , Kwasniak-Owczarek Malgorzata , Janska Hanna
Published: December 2019

Contrary to the widely held belief that mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are highly similar to bacterial ones, recent experimental evidence reveals that mitoribosomes do differ significantly from their bacterial counterparts. This review is focused on plant mitoribosomes, but we also highlight the most striking similarities and differences between the plant and non-plant mitoribosomes. An analysis of the composition and structure of mitoribosomes in trypanosomes, yeast, mammals and plants uncovers numerous organism-specific features. For the plant mitoribosome, the most striking feature is the enormous size of the small subunit compared to the large one. Apart from the new structural information, possible functional peculiarities of different types of mitoribosomes are also discussed. Studies suggest that the protein composition of mitoribosomes is dynamic, especially during development, giving rise to a heterogeneous populations of ribosomes fulfilling specific functions. Moreover, convincing data shows that mitoribosomes interact with components involved in diverse mitochondrial gene expression steps, forming large expressosome-like structures.
Software-Defined Networking for Unmanned Aerial Vehicular Networking and Security: A Survey
Authors: McCoy James , Rawat Danda B.
Published: December 2019

Despite the immense benefits offered by the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in civilian and military applications, significant work needs to be done to ensure that these systems are able to securely communicate and resiliently operate to accomplish the mission. As the UAVs grow with their popularity and usability for different applications, there is a dire need to ensure that UAVs and their networks are capable of mitigating cyber-attacks on the fly. One approach that has gained considerable popularity is Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based solutions. SDN is a networking paradigm that has gained attention due to its dynamic flexibility to program networks and increase network visibility, and its potential to assist in the mitigating security vulnerabilities in the network including the network of UAVs. This article provides an overview of recent advances, and current state of art related to security vulnerabilities and SDN enabled countermeasures. This paper also presents a comparison of different approaches in a tabular form and a discussion of challenges and future research directions with respect to UAV security.
An SNA-DEA Prioritization Framework to Identify Critical Nodes of Gas Networks: The Case of the US Interstate Gas Infrastructure
Authors: lo Storto Corrado
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a framework to identify critical nodes of a gas pipeline network. This framework calculates a set of metrics typical of the social network analysis considering the topological characteristics of the network. Such metrics are utilized as inputs and outputs of a (Data Envelopment Analysis) DEA model to generate a cross-efficiency index that identifies the most important nodes in the network. The framework was implemented to assess the US interstate gas network between 2013 and 2017 from both the demand and supply-side perspectives. Results emerging from the US gas network case suggest that different analysis perspectives should necessarily be considered to have a more in-depth and comprehensive view of the network capacity and performance.
Sensitivity of Vegetation on Alpine and Subalpine Timberline in Qinling Mountains to Temperature Change
Authors: Ma Xinping , Bai Hongying , Deng Chenhui , Wu Tao
Published: December 2019

Alpine timberline is a great place for monitoring climate change. The study of alpine and subalpine timberline in Qinling Mountains has led to early warning that reveals the response and adaptation of terrestrial vegetation ecosystem to climate change. Based on the remote sensing image classification method, the typical timberline area in Qinling Mountains was determined. Temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were extracted from the typical timberline area based on spatial interpolation and NDVI data. The relationship between NDVI and temperature change and the critical temperature value affecting vegetation response in the timberline area in Qinling Mountains were analyzed. Correlation between NDVI and air temperature in the alpine and subalpine timberline areas of Qinling Mountains exhibited an upward trend, which implied that temperature promotes vegetation activity. A strong correlation between temperature and NDVI in typical timberline areas of Qinling Mountains, and a significant correlation between temperature and NDVI in the early growing season. A phenomenon of NDVI lagging behind air temperature was observed. Temperature response showed synchronization and hysteresis. The correlation between cumulative temperature and vegetation was similar between Taibai Mountain and Niubeiliang timberline, and the correlation between NDVI in April and cumulative temperature in the first 12 months was the strongest. Temperature threshold range of Taibai Mountain timberline played a dominant role in vegetation growth. Our results provide insights and basis for future studies of early warning signs of climate change, specifically between 0.34 and 1.34 °C. The threshold ranges of temperature response of different vegetation types vary. Compared with alpine shrub meadow, the threshold ranges of temperature effect of Coniferous forest and Larix chinensis Beissn. are smaller, implying that these vegetation types are more sensitive to temperature change.
Cryogelation and Cryogels
Authors: Rogers Zachary J. , Bencherif Sidi A.
Published: December 2019

Cryogenic processes are increasingly being utilized to create unique polymeric materials that tackle challenges mainly in the biomedical arena, environmental science, and field of food technology [...]
Representation of the Self and Disease: Writing, Photography and Video in Hervé Guibert
Authors: Sábado Novau Marta
Published: December 2019

Hervé Guibert (1955–1991), a French writer and photographer, began developing a double artistic practice in 1977. In 1988, he discovers he has HIV and his literary and photographic works begin to reflect each other in an attempt to tell the story of a disease whose progression proves uncontrollable and ultimately fatal. Hervé Guibert then undertakes an intensive self-examination of his body and of the changes imposed on it by the disease, using both writing and images (photography and video). At the same time, he carries out a theoretical reflection on the limits of the image and on the limits of writing, both complementing each other in an attempt to convey the experience of disease. His work thus offers a valuable ground for exploring the relationship between literature, photography and the story of disease and, most of all, the need to resort to these two modes of expression in order to communicate the intimate experience of illness. In Hervé Guibert, this experience can be understood through the tension between unveiling and exposing oneself. While the former is creative, the latter seems to be the result of the illness loss of control. This article aims to analyze this dialectical tension in light of three artistic mediums used by Guibert.
Chloracne and Hyperpigmentation Caused by Exposure to Hazardous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands
Authors: Furue Masutaka , Tsuji Gaku
Published: December 2019

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are environmental pollutants that are hazardous to human skin. They can be present in contaminated soil, water, and air particles (such as ambient PM2.5). Exposure to a high concentration of dioxins induces chloracne and hyperpigmentation. These chemicals exert their toxic effects by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which is abundantly expressed in skin cells, such as keratinocytes, sebocytes, and melanocytes. Ligation of AHR by dioxins induces exaggerated acceleration of epidermal terminal differentiation (keratinization) and converts sebocytes toward keratinocyte differentiation, which results in chloracne formation. AHR activation potently upregulates melanogenesis in melanocytes by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes, which results in hyperpigmentation. Because AHR-mediated oxidative stress contributes to these hazardous effects, antioxidative agents may be potentially therapeutic for chloracne and hyperpigmentation.
Integrating Geospatial Data and Measures of Disability and Wealth to Assess Inequalities in an Eye Health Survey: An Example from the Indian Sunderbans
Authors: Mohanty Soumya , Jolley Emma , Mohanty RN , Buttan Sandeep , Schmidt Elena
Published: December 2019

The Sunderbans are a group of delta islands that straddle the border between India and Bangladesh. For people living on the Indian side, health services are scarce and the terrain makes access to what is available difficult. In 2018, the international non-governmental organisation Sightsavers and their partners conducted a population-based survey of visual impairment and coverage of cataract and spectacle services, supplemented with tools to measure equity in eye health by wealth, disability, and geographical location. Two-stage cluster sampling was undertaken to randomly select 3868 individuals aged 40+ years, of whom 3410 were examined. Results were calculated using standard statistical processes and geospatial approaches were used to visualise the data. The age–sex adjusted prevalence of blindness was 0.8%, with higher prevalence among women (1.1%). Cataract Surgical Coverage for eyes at visual acuity (VA) 3/60 was 86.3%. The study did not find any association between visual impairment and wealth, however there were significant differences by additional (non-visual) disabilities at all levels of visual impairment. Geospatial mapping highlighted blocks where higher prevalence of visual impairment was identified. Integrating additional tools in population-based surveys is critical for measuring eye health inequalities and identifying population groups and locations that are at risk of being left behind.
Impacts of Precipitation and Temperature on Changes in the Terrestrial Ecosystem Pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Xiang Jingwei , Zhang Weina , Song Xiaoqing , Li Jiangfeng
Published: December 2019

The terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the sustainable development of human beings. The impacts of precipitation, temperature, and other natural factors on terrestrial ecosystem pattern change (TEPC) are the basis for promoting the healthy development of the terrestrial ecosystem. This paper took the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area, analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of TEPC from 1995 to 2015, and used spatial transfer matrix and terrestrial ecosystem pattern dynamic degree models to analyze the area transformation between different terrestrial ecosystem types. A bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and a panel data regression model were used to study the impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC. The results show that: (1) The basic pattern of the terrestrial ecosystem developed in a relatively stable manner from 1995 to 2005 in the YREB, and transformations between the farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, and grassland ecosystem were more frequent. The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation and temperature in the YREB showed significant regional differences. (2) There was a significant negative bivariate global spatial autocorrelation effect of precipitation and temperature on the area change of the forest ecosystem, and a positive effect on the area change of the settlement ecosystem. The local spatial correlation between precipitation or temperature and the terrestrial ecosystem showed significant scattered distribution characteristics. (3) The impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC showed significant regional characteristics on the provincial scale. The impact utility in the tail region is basically negative, while both positive and negative effects exist in the central and head regions of the YREB. Moreover, the impact showed significant spatial heterogeneity on the city scale. (4) The Chinese government has promulgated policies and measures for strategic planning, ecological environment protection, and economic support, which could effectively promote ecological and sustainable development of the YREB and promote the coordinated development of the ecology, economy, and society in China.
Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017
Authors: Kong Yang , He Weijun , Yuan Liang , Shen Juqin , An Min , Degefu Dagmawi Mulugeta , Gao Xin , Zhang Zhaofang , Sun Fuhua , Wan Zhongchi
Published: December 2019

The Beijing–Tianji–Hebei region (BTHR) is economically developed and densely populated, but its water resources are extremely scarce. A clear understanding of the decoupling relationship between water footprint and economic growth is conducive to facilitating and realizing the coordinated development of water resources and economic growth in this region. This study calculated the water footprint and other related indicators of BTHR from 2004 to 2017, and objectively evaluated the utilization of water resources in the region. Then, logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method was applied to study the driving factors that resulted in the change of water footprint and their respective effects. Finally, Tapio decoupling model was used to research the decoupling relationships between water footprint and economic growth, and between the driving factors of water footprint and economic growth. There are three main results in this research. (1) The water utilization efficiency in BTHR continues to improve, and the water footprint shows a gradually increasing trend during the research period, among which the agricultural water footprint accounts for a relatively high proportion. (2) The change of water footprint can be attributed to efficiency effect, economic effect, and population effect. Furthermore, efficiency effect is the decisive factor of water footprint reduction and economic effect is the main factor of water footprint increase, while population effect plays a weak role in promoting the increase in water footprint. (3) The decoupling status between water footprint and economic growth show a weak decoupling in most years, while the status between water footprint intensity and economic growth always remains strong decoupling. Moreover, population size and economic growth always show an expansive coupling state. In sum, it is advisable for policy makers to improve water utilization efficiency, especially agricultural irrigation efficiency, to raise residents’ awareness of water conservation, and increase the import of water-intensive products, so as to alleviate water shortage and realize the coordinated development of water resources and economic growth in BTHR.
Nothing Like Living with a Family: A Qualitative Study of Subjective Well-Being and its Determinants among Migrant and Local Elderly in Dongguan, China
Authors: Liu Yuxi , Sangthong Rassamee , Ingviya Thammasin , Wan Chonghua
Published: December 2019

Chinese economic development has led to a significant rise in internal migration over the last 20 years, including large numbers of elderly. When elderly Chinese people migrate, they still register their residency to their place of origin and often do not register with the new administrative office at the destination due to the household registration (hukou) system in China. Thus, most of these migrant elderly do not receive full social services, possibly leading to poor subjective well-being. This study aims to qualitatively examine the level of subjective well-being and its determinants among migrants and local elderly in Dongguan City of Guangdong province, one of the most rapid economically developing areas in China. We also present the results of in-depth interviews among 27 elderly, 15 elderly migrants and 12 local elderly living in Dongguan. The results reveal that the overall subjective well-being of the two groups were good. Most migrants believed their well-being had remained stable or even improved over time due to family reunion and a better physical environment. Elderly’s most valuable needs and the main reason of migration is family reunion; however, inadequacy of social support, including community support and government support (e.g., gift during holiday season, free health examination, healthcare expenditure reimbursement), cannot be neglected for maintaining a good level of well-being. The well-being of migrant elderly can be further enhanced by promoting social services and welfare, recreational activities, and enhancing healthcare reimbursement in their new home.
Effects of Weight Loss on FGF-21 in Human Subjects: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Headland Michelle L. , Clifton Peter M. , Keogh Jennifer B.
Published: December 2019

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), is a protein involved in cell growth and differentiation, development, wound repair and metabolism. Research looking at the impact of weight loss on FGF-21 levels is limited. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine changes in serum FGF-21 levels following weight loss induced by either continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction. A sub cohort of participants who completed a 12-month dietary intervention trial following continuous energy restriction, or a week-on week-off energy restriction pattern, were selected for analysis. FGF-21 levels were not altered by weight loss and were not correlated with body weight or BMI at baseline or 12 months. Weight loss after 12 months either through continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction was −5.9 ± 4.5 and −4.9 ± 3.4 kg, respectively. There was no change in FGF-21 levels, 0.3 ± 0.9 and 0.04 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p = 0.2). In conclusion, weight loss in healthy overweight or obesity subjects did not affect FGF-21 levels.
Historical Typhoon Search Engine Based on Track Similarity
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Chan Hao-Yung , Hsieh Chun-Mo , Ho Cheng-Yu , Kung Hung-Kai , Tsai Yun-Cheng , Cho I-Cheng
Published: December 2019

The potential effect of a typhoon track on the extent of damage makes the track a critical factor during the emergency response phase. Historical typhoon data may provide information for decision makers to anticipate the impact of an upcoming typhoon and develop prevention strategies to reduce the damage. In our preliminary work, we proposed a track similarity algorithm and implemented a real-time search engine for past typhoon events. However, the proposed algorithm was not discussed thoroughly in the preliminary work, and the great number of historical typhoon track records slowed down the similarity calculations. In addition, the tool did not feature the option of automatically importing upcoming typhoon track predictions. This research introduces the assumption of the recentness dominance principle (RDP), explores the details of the track similarity algorithm of the preliminary work, completes the discussion of parameter setting, and developed a method to improve the efficiency of the similarity calculation. In this research, we implemented the proposed advanced methodology by developing a new information display panel featuring the ability to auto-import forecast data. The results of this study provide decision makers and the public with a concise and handy search engine for searching similar historical typhoon records.
Bioinformatics Analysis of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Functional Characterization in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
Authors: Wang Jinglei , Hu Tianhua , Wang Wuhong , Hu Haijiao , Wei Qingzhen , Wei Xiaochun , Bao Chonglai
Published: December 2019

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases involved in many developmental and stress-responsive processes in plants. However, little is known about the radish LOX gene family members and their functions in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we completed a genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of RsLOX genes under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. We identified 11 RsLOX genes, which encoded conserved domains, and classified them in 9-LOX and 13-LOX categories according to their phylogenetic relationships. The characteristic structural features of 9-LOX and 13-LOX genes and the encoded protein domains as well as their evolution are presented herein. A qRT-PCR analysis of RsLOX expression levels in the roots under simulated drought, salinity, heat, and cold stresses, as well as in response to a Plasmodiophora brassicae infection, revealed three tandem-clustered RsLOX genes that are involved in responses to various environmental stresses via the jasmonic acid pathway. Our findings provide insights into the evolution and potential biological roles of RsLOXs related to the adaptation of radish to stress conditions.
Cooperative Smartphone Relay Selection Based on Fair Power Utilization for Network Coverage Extension
Authors: Ayub Naumana , Rakocevic Veselin
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a relay selection algorithm based on fair battery power utilization for extending mobile network coverage and capacity by using a cooperative communication strategy where mobile devices can be utilized as relays. Cooperation improves the network performance for mobile terminals, either by providing access to out-of-range devices or by facilitating multi-path network access to connected devices. In this work, we assume that all mobile devices can benefit from using other mobile devices as relays and investigate the fairness of relay selection algorithms. We point out that signal strength based relay selection inevitably leads to unfair relay selection and devise a new algorithm that is based on fair utilization of power resources on mobile devices. We call this algorithm Credit based Fair Relay Selection (CF-RS) and in this paper show through simulation that the algorithm results in fair battery power utilization, while providing similar data rates compared with traditional approaches. We then extend the solution to demonstrate that adding incentives for relay operation adds clear value for mobile devices in the case they require relay service. Typically, mobile devices represent self-interested users who are reluctant to cooperate with other network users, mainly due to the cost in terms of power and network capacity. In this paper, we present an incentive based solution which provides clear mutual benefit for mobile devices and demonstrate this benefit in the simulation of symmetric and asymmetric network topologies. The CF-RS algorithm achieves the same performance in terms of achievable data rate, Jain’s fairness index and utility of end devices in both symmetric and asymmetric network configurations.
Quantitative Analysis of the Seminal Plasma Proteome in Secondary Hypogonadism
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Vincenzoni Federica , Mancini Francesca , Barrachina Ferran , Giampietro Antonella , Castagnola Massimo , Urbani Andrea , Oliva Rafael , Milardi Domenico , Pontecorvi Alfredo
Published: December 2019

In the grey zone of testosterone levels between 8 and 12 nmol/L, the usefulness of therapy is controversial; as such, markers of tissue action of androgens may be helpful in adjusting clinical decisions. To better understand the effect of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis on male accessory secretion, we performed a proteomic quantitative analysis of seminal plasma in patients with secondary hypogonadism, before and after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Ten male patients with postsurgical hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were enrolled in this study, and five of these patients were evaluated after testosterone treatment. Ten men with proven fertility were selected as a control group. An aliquot of seminal plasma from each individual was subjected to an in-solution digestion protocol and analyzed using an Ultimate 3000 RSLC-nano HPLC apparatus coupled to a LTQ Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. The label-free quantitative analysis was performed via Precursor Ions Area Detector Node. Eleven proteins were identified as decreased in hypogonadic patients versus controls, which are primarily included in hydrolase activity and protein binding activity. The comparison of the proteome before and after TRT comes about within the discovery of six increased proteins. This is the primary application of quantitative proteomics pointed to uncover a cluster of proteins reflecting an impairment not only of spermatogenesis but of the epididymal and prostate epithelial cell secretory function in male hypogonadism. The identified proteins might represent putative clinical markers valuable within the follow-up of patients with distinctive grades of male hypogonadism.
Beware of a Fragile Footplate: Lessons from Ossiculoplasty in Patients with Ossicular Anomalies Related to Second Pharyngeal Arch Defects
Authors: Han Sun A , Choe Goun , Kim Yoonjoong , Koo Ja-Won , Choi Byung Yoon , Song Jae-Jin
Published: December 2019

Background and objectives: We review the intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes of ossiculoplasty in subjects with second pharyngeal arch (SPA)-derived ossicular anomalies. We summarize potential intraoperative complications and recommend precautions that may reduce the risk of fracture. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with SPA-derived ossicular anomalies were included, and pre- and postoperative audiometric results were compared. Results: The mean air conduction threshold (56.0 ± 12.4 dB HL) was significantly improved 1 month (27.6 ± 10.1 dB HL) and 6 months (23.8 ± 13.2 dB HL) after surgery (p < 0.001). The preoperative air–bone gap (ABG) (40.4 ± 7.4 dB HL) was significantly decreased at 1 month (15.1 ± 5.9 dB HL) and 6 months (11.3 ± 8.9 dB HL) postoperation. ABG closure was successful (<20 dB HL) in 21 (87.5%) patients 6 months after surgery. Intraoperative footplate fractures occurred in 3 of 24 patients. The fractures were managed successfully, and the ABG closure was successful in all cases. Conclusions: The stapes footplate is likely to be relatively thin in subjects with SPA-derived ossicular anomalies because the footplate is partially or totally derived from the SPA. Thus, a fragile footplate should be expected, and care is needed when handling the footplate. However, when complications are overcome, the audiological outcomes are excellent in most cases.
How to Interpret a Positive Campylobacter PCR Result Using the BD MAXTM System in the Absence of Positive Culture?
Authors: Gueudet Thomas , Paolini Marie Carole , Buissonnière Alice , Trens Anne , Rousée Jean Marc , Lefranc Matthieu , Bénéjat Lucie , Ducournau Astrid , Mégraud Francis , Bessède Emilie , Lehours Philippe
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate, using two independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) formats, the results of Campylobacter detection by the BD MAXTM Enteric Bacterial Panel PCR (Becton Dickinson, Le Pont de Claix, France) in the absence of positive culture. A total of 77 samples found positive for Campylobacter on BD MAXTM but negative by culture were studied. Upon reception, one in-house real-time-PCR for Campylobacter sp. and a PCR with the RIDAGENE Bacterial Stool Panel (r-biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) were performed. The data obtained using these two PCR formats were evaluated with respect to the cycle threshold (Ct) and fluorescence intensity values (FI) obtained on BD MAXTM. Ct and FI values were also obtained for 80 positive Campylobacter cases by culture. Among the 77 samples, 33 were positive with the two PCRs, and 37 remained negative. For the 33 double-positive PCRs samples, the Ct values obtained on BD MAXTM were lower than 30 in 93.9%, and FI > 2000 for 97% of cases. For the 37 double-negative PCRs samples, the Ct values obtained on BD MAXTM were <30 in only 18.9%, however FI were >2000 for 40.5% of cases. Positive culture cases had Ct values < 30 in 96.2% and FI > 2000 in 98.8%. We showed that the Ct values obtained on BD MAXTM can help to interpret the results. Almost 96% of the Campylobacter sp. cases detected by culture or with the two reference PCRs positive showed a Ct value on BD MAXTM, meaning that stools detected as positive with BD MAXTM and having a Ct > 30 may be false positives.