bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity at 38 K at an electrochemical interface between an ionic liquid and FeSe0.8Te0.2 on various substrates
Authors: Kouno Shunsuke , Sato Yohei , Katayama Yumiko , Ichinose Ataru , Asami Daisuke , Nabeshima Fuyuki , Imai Yoshinori , Maeda Atsutaka , Ueno Kazunori
Published: September 2018

Superconducting FeSe0.8Te0.2 thin films on SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and CaF2 substrates were electrochemically etched in an ionic liquid, DEME-TFSI, electrolyte with a gate bias of 5 V. Superconductivity at 38 K was observed on all substrates after the etching of films with a thickness greater than 30 nm, despite the different Tc values of 8 K, 12 K and 19 K observed before etching on SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and CaF2 substrates, respectively. Tc returned to its original value with the removal of the gate bias. The observation of Tc enhancement for these thick films indicates that the Tc enhancement is unrelated to any interfacial effects between the film and the substrate. The sheet resistance and Hall coefficient of the surface conducting layer were estimated from the gate bias dependence of the transport properties. The sheet resistances of the surface conducting layers of the films on LaAlO3 and CaF2 showed identical temperature dependence, and the Hall coefficient was found to be almost independent of temperature and to take values of −0.05 to −0.2 m2/C, corresponding to 4–17 electrons per FeSe0.8Te0.2 unit cell area in two dimensions. These common transport properties on various substrates suggest that the superconductivity at 38 K appears in the surface conducting layer as a result of an electrochemical reaction between the surface of the FeSe0.8Te0.2 thin film and the ionic liquid electrolyte.
Cationic clustering influences the phase behaviour of ionic liquids
Authors: Niemann Thomas , Zaitsau Dimitri , Strate Anne , Villinger Alexander , Ludwig Ralf
Published: September 2018

“Unlike charges attract, but like charges repel”. This conventional wisdom has been recently challenged for ionic liquids. It could be shown that like-charged ions attract each other despite the powerful opposing electrostatic forces. In principle, cooperative hydrogen bonding between ions of like-charge can overcome the repulsive Coulomb interaction while pushing the limits of chemical bonding. The key challenge of this solvation phenomenon is to establish design principles for the efficient formation of clusters of like-charged ions in ionic liquids. This is realised here for a set of well-suited ionic liquids including the same hydrophobic anion but different cations all equipped with hydroxyethyl groups for possible H-bonding. The formation of H-bonded cationic clusters can be controlled by the delocalization of the positive charge on the cations. Strongly localized charge results in cation-anion interaction, delocalized charge leads to the formation of cationic clusters. For the first time we can show, that the cationic clusters influence the properties of ILs. ILs comprising these clusters can be supercooled and form glasses. Crystalline structures are obtained only, if the ILs are dominantly characterized by the attraction between opposite-charged ions resulting in conventional ion pairs. That may open a new path for controlling glass formation and crystallization. The glass temperatures and the phase transitions of the ILs are observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
A PCR-free technology to detect and quantify microRNAs directly from human plasma
Authors: Marín-Romero Antonio , Robles-Remacho Agustín , Tabraue-Chávez Mavys , López-Longarela Bárbara , Sánchez-Martín Rosario M. , Guardia-Monteagudo Juan J. , Fara Mario A. , López-Delgado Francisco J. , Pernagallo Salvatore , Díaz-Mochón Juan J.
Published: September 2018

A novel and unique method for a PCR/label-free detection and absolute quantification of miR-451a in blood samples.
Porous coordination/covalent hybridized polymers synthesized from pyridine–zinc coordination compound and their CO2 capture ability, fluorescence and selective response properties
Authors: Zhang Quanli , Xiong Yang , Liu Jianqiao , Zhang Tingting , Liu Lili , Huang Yawen
Published: September 2018

Currently, porous polymers are mainly synthesized by linking coordination or organic covalent bonds.
A lotus-inspired janus hybrid film enabled by interfacial self-assembly and in situ asymmetric modification
Authors: Liang Yun , Shi Jiangwei , Xiao Peng , He Jiang , Ni Feng , Zhang Jiawei , Huang Youju , Huang Chih-Feng , Chen Tao
Published: September 2018

A lotus leaf inspired Janus hybrid film was exquisitely fabricated through a self-assembly process on the water/air interface with subsequent in situ asymmetric modification at the oil/water interface. The interfacial asymmetric decoration strategy thus provides a novel pathway for achieving a 2D Janus hybrid film with asymmetric wettability and functionality.
Rational design of a lipid-droplet-polarity based fluorescent probe for potential cancer diagnosis
Authors: Yin Junling , Peng Min , Ma Yanyan , Guo Rui , Lin Weiying
Published: September 2018

We have rationally designed a robust fluorescent probe CTPA for potential cancer diagnosis by monitoring LD numbers and polarity variation. With the outstanding solvatochromism and high specificity for LDs of CTPA, the diagnosis of cancer can be achieved not only at the cellular levels but also in organs and living mice for the first time.
Solution grown double heterostructure on a large hybrid halide perovskite crystal
Authors: Hettiarachchi Chathuranga , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Nguyen Tien Hoa , Ahmad Riyas , Pita Kantisara , Mathews Nripan , Dang Cuong
Published: September 2018

Growing modulation-doped layers on hybrid perovskite crystals is achieved using a solvothermal process by limiting the inherent halide ion diffusion.
Computational strategies to probe CH activation in dioxo-dicopper complexes
Authors: Lan Zhenzhuo , Sharada Shaama Mallikarjun
Published: September 2018

Barrier response to N-donor electrophilicity in dioxo-dicopper complexes.
Recent progress in enzymatic protein labelling techniques and their applications
Authors: Zhang Yi , Park Keun-Young , Suazo Kiall F. , Distefano Mark D.
Published: September 2018

This review describes recent progress in employing enzymatic labelling techniques to modify proteins for a diverse range of applications.
Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer
Authors: Liu Yijing , Bhattarai Pravin , Dai Zhifei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2018

The development, perspectives, and challenges of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) via nanotheranostics for combating cancer.
A diglycolamide-functionalized TREN-based dendrimer with a ‘crab-like’ grip for the complexation of actinides and lanthanides
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Leoncini Andrea , Mohapatra Prasanta K. , Verma Parveen K. , Kanekar Avinash S. , Yadav Ashok K. , Jha Sambhunath , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Egberink Richard J. M. , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem
Published: September 2018

TREN-G1-DGA, a multiple DGA ligand, was synthesized and evaluated for the extraction of actinides and fission product ions.
Pyrolysis of metal–organic framework (CuBTC) decorated filter paper as a low-cost and highly active catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Zhi Lihua , Liu Hua , Xu Youyuan , Hu Dongcheng , Yao Xiaoqiang , Liu Jiacheng
Published: September 2018

The fabrication of noble metal free catalysts with excellent performance and high stability by a simple, efficient, general and low-cost approach remains an urgent task for solving the problem of resource shortage.
Design and research of a self-activated orange magnesium boron nitride phosphor with its application in W-LEDs
Authors: Li Junyi , Ding Jianyan , Ma Bo , Zhao Zhengyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: September 2018

A self-activated defect-related orange magnesium boron nitride phosphor with novel W-LED potential.
A versatile biobased continuous flow strategy for the production of 3-butene-1,2-diol and vinyl ethylene carbonate from erythritol
Authors: Tshibalonza Nelly Ntumba , Gérardy Romaric , Alsafra Zouheir , Eppe Gauthier , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe M.
Published: September 2018

A versatile, tunable and robust continuous flow procedure for the upgrading of erythritol toward important industrial building blocks.
Amphibious superamphiphilic fabrics with self-healing underwater superoleophilicity
Authors: Fu Sida , Zhou Hua , Wang Hongxia , Niu Haitao , Yang Weidong , Shao Hao , Lin Tong
Published: September 2018

A fabric with novel amphibious superamphiphilicity and self-healing underwater superoleophilicity has been developed using a single-step wet-chemical coating technique.
Fully integrated hierarchical double-shelled Co9S8@CNT nanostructures with unprecedented performance for Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liu Xiaojing , Zhou Jianbin , Zhao Haoyu , Lin Ning , Zhu Linqin , Zhu Yongchun , Wang Gongming , Qian Yitai
Published: September 2018

Fully integrated hierarchical double-shelled Co9S8@CNTs have been developed as a highly efficient sulfur cathode.
Acid- and base-stable porous mechanically interlocked 2D metal–organic polyrotaxane forin situorganochlorine insecticide encapsulation, sensing and removal
Authors: Abdolalian Payam , Morsali Ali , Makhloufi Gamall , Janiak Christoph
Published: September 2018

The encapsulation and removal of extremely toxic dieldrin by compound1.
Improved effect of deep eutectic solvents on polymeric film of surfactant: application in determination and discrimination of dihydroxybenzene isomers as model molecules
Authors: Dorraji Parisa Seyed , Fotouhi Lida
Published: September 2018

The simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) employed in the polymerization step of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on an oxidized glassy carbon electrode is studied.
On the nature of the boron–copper interaction. Topological study of the electron localisation function (ELF)
Authors: Mierzwa Grzegorz , Gordon Agnieszka J. , Berski Slawomir
Published: September 2018

The population of the 2-center boron–copper bond, investigated using topological analysis of ELF, ranges between 1.49e and 2.99e.
Morphological evolution of hollow NiCo2O4microspheres and their high pseudocapacitance contribution for Li/Na-ion battery anodes
Authors: Dong Kangze , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Dan , Sun Meizhu , Luo Shaohua , Liu Yanguo
Published: September 2018

Hollow urchin-like NiCo2O4microspheres (∼3 μm) with a large specific surface area (158.57 m2g−1) have been synthesized by a facile template-free hydrothermal method and a morphology evolution mechanism of “bundles-solid spheres-hollow urchin-like microspheres” was proposed.
A high precision MUA-spaced single-cell sensor for cellular receptor assay based on bifunctional Au@Cu-PbCQD nanoprobes
Authors: Long Dongping , Chen Chengchi , Cui Chenyu , Yao Zheng , Yang Peihui
Published: September 2018

A bifunctional single-cell analysis platform with adequate interspace was built to correct the deficiencies in single-cell analysis.
N-Carbamoylmaleimide-treated carbon dots: stabilizing the electrochemical intermediate and extending it for the ultrasensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Xu Jinjin , Yu Chaofan , Feng Tao , Liu Mingyue , Li Fengting , Wang Ying , Xu Jingjuan
Published: September 2018

N-Carbamoylmaleimide-treated CDs are used for the sensing of by enriching the electrochemical intermediate through Michael addition for the first time.
Cross-plane conductance through a graphene/molecular monolayer/Au sandwich
Authors: Li Bing , Famili Marjan , Pensa Evangelina , Grace Iain , Long Nicholas J. , Lambert Colin , Albrecht Tim , Cohen Lesley F.
Published: September 2018

Experimental scalability of junction properties, in combination with theoretical transmission probability, demonstrates a significantly enhanced molecular connection.
Metal-free synthesis of fulleropyrrolidin-2-ols: a novel reaction of [60]fullerene with amines and 2,2-disubstituted acetaldehydes
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Meng , Wang Hui-Juan , Li Fa-Bao , Yang Fei , Liu Li , Liu Chao-Yang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Alamry Khalid A.
Published: September 2018

The reaction of [60]fullerene with amines and 2,2-disubstituted acetaldehydes in the absence of metal salts afforded a series of novel fulleropyrrolidin-2-ols in moderate yields.
Iodine-mediated regio- and stereoselective iodothiocyanation of alkynes in aqueous ethanol
Authors: Zeng Xianghua , Chen Lu
Published: September 2018

Iodothiocyanation of alkynes with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and molecular iodine (I2) has been described under transition-metal-free conditions in green aqueous ethanol. A series of β-iodo vinylthiocyanates were obtained from functional alkynes in good to excellent isolated yields. The synthetic protocol has the advantages of operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, good stereo-selectivity, the use of easily available starting materials.
Design of atomically precise Au2Pd6nanoclusters for boosting electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on MoS2
Authors: Du Yuanxin , Xiang Ji , Ni Kun , Yun Yapei , Sun Guodong , Yuan Xiaoyou , Sheng Hongting , Zhu Yanwu , Zhu Manzhou
Published: September 2018

A new Au–Pd alloy nanocluster (NC) – Au2Pd6S4(PPh3)4(C6H4F2S)6is synthesized. The NC is applied to enhance the electrocatalytic HER activity of MoS2compared with a single Pd or Au component.
Efficient alkaloid capture from water using a charged porous organic polymer
Authors: Zhang Qing-Mei , Wang Zhen , Cheng Guang , Ma Hui , Zhang Qing-Pu , Wan Fu-Xian , Tan Bien , Zhang Chun
Published: September 2018

A charged porous polymer displays excellent adsorption capacity for berberine hydrochloride from the synergistic effects of size matching and electrostatic interaction.
Oxide removal and stabilization of bismuth thin films through chemically bound thiol layers
Authors: Alessio Verni Giuseppe , Long Brenda , Gity Farzan , Lanius Martin , Schüffelgen Peter , Mussler Gregor , Grützmacher Detlev , Greer Jim , Holmes Justin D.
Published: September 2018

Functionalisation of bismuth thin films with alkane thiols for oxide removal and passivation.
Correction: Engineering microbial physiology with synthetic polymers: cationic polymers induce biofilm formation inVibrio choleraeand downregulate the expression of virulence genes
Authors: Perez-Soto Nicolas , Moule Lauren , Crisan Daniel N. , Insua Ignacio , Taylor-Smith Leanne M. , Voelz Kerstin , Fernandez-Trillo Francisco , Krachler Anne Marie
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Engineering microbial physiology with synthetic polymers: cationic polymers induce biofilm formation inVibrio choleraeand downregulate the expression of virulence genes’ by Nicolas Perez-Sotoet al.,Chem. Sci., 2017,8, 5291–5298.
Enhancing light harvesting and charge separation of Cu2O photocathodes with spatially separated noble-metal cocatalysts towards highly efficient water splitting
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Zhifeng , Guo Zhengang , Yan Weiguo , Xin Ying
Published: September 2018

A feasible strategy of spatially separated noble-metal cocatalysts for Cu2O photocathodes to enhance light harvesting and charge separation.
In situ derived Fe/N/S-codoped carbon nanotubes from ZIF-8 crystals as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and zinc–air batteries
Authors: Jin Huihui , Zhou Huang , Li Wenqiang , Wang Zhihao , Yang Jinlong , Xiong Yuli , He Daping , Chen Lei , Mu Shichun
Published: September 2018

Hydrazine hydrate was employed to prevent Fe agglomeration and sulphate ions were used as the S source, which together led to Fe/N/S-CNTs with high performance.
Halogen-substituted fullerene derivatives for interface engineering of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Hui , Cai Feilong , Zhang Meng , Wang Pang , Yao Jiaxu , Gurney Robert S. , Li Fabao , Liu Dan , Wang Tao
Published: September 2018

A series of halogen-substituted fullerene derivatives are synthesized for interface engineering of perovskite solar cells. The fullerenes facilitate electron transport at interface, and reduce trap density and charge recombination in PSCs, achieved PCEs out-performing the PCBM-based devices.
An injectable dipeptide–fullerene supramolecular hydrogel for photodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Zhang Yuankai , Zhang Han , Zou Qianli , Xing Ruirui , Jiao Tifeng , Yan Xuehai
Published: September 2018

An injectable dipeptide–fullerene supramolecular hydrogel is designed for photodynamic antibacterial therapy.
Fe3O4@MnO2@PPy nanocomposites overcome hypoxia: magnetic-targeting-assisted controlled chemotherapy and enhanced photodynamic/photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Chen , Tian Chen , Guo Hailing , Shen Yuhua , Zhu Manzhou
Published: September 2018

Here, a multifunctional nanocomposite composed by a core of iron oxide (Fe3O4) and two shells of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and polypyrrole (PPy) was successfully designed and synthesized for drug delivery and magnetic targeting assisted synergistic effects of chemotherapy and improved PDT/PTT.
Formation of emissive nanoparticles from tetraphenylethylene-containing boronate macrocycles: preparation, characterization and functionalization
Authors: Hoshi Mitsuki , Kaneko Naoyoshi , Nishiyabu Ryuhei , Kubo Yuji
Published: September 2018

Tetraphenylethylene-containing boronate macrocycles were prepared in a facile manner to form emissive nanoparticles, stimulus-responsiveness of the system being investigated.
Chaos assisted variable bit steganography in transform domain
Authors: Dhivya R. , Padmapriya V. , Sundararaman R. , Rayappan J.B.B. , Amirtharajan R.
Published: September 2018

An efficient variable bit data hiding scheme based on combined chaotic system (CCS) and integer wavelet transform (IWT) is proposed. With the aim to maximise the security level, CCS is developed by combining two 1D chaotic maps. The developed combined tent‐logistic (CTL), combined sine‐logistic (CSL) and combined sine‐tent (CST) maps with improved chaotic behaviour are utilised to generate the key sequences. These chaotic key sequences from CTL, CSL and CST are then quantised to embed the secret bits in high‐high, high‐low and low‐high sub‐bands of the IWT transformed cover image, respectively. The main advantage of this scheme is that the number of bits to be embedded in each and every sub‐band coefficients is highly chaotic and extremely sensitive to the initial seeds.
Frequency tracking loop with wide pull‐in range for weak DSSS signal
Authors: Guo Yichao , Huan Hao , Tao Ran , Wang Yue
Published: September 2018

A frequency tracking loop based on triangle function frequency discriminator and adaptive loop bandwidth adjustment is proposed to track the Doppler frequency of weak direct‐sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal. The proposed structure first provides a frequency discrimination with wide pull‐in range to lock the large residual frequency offset after acquisition. Then, the adaptive loop bandwidth adjustment is employed to improve the accuracy of frequency estimation. Compared with the conventional tracking loop, the proposed structure has wider pull‐in range and higher sensitivity. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed method.
Multiscale energy based suitable wavelet selection for detection of myocardial infarction in ECG
Authors: Swain Sushree Satvatee , Patra Dipti
Published: September 2018

Over the decades, electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proved as the chief diagnostic tool for assessment of the cardiovascular condition of human being. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is commonly known as heart attack, happens when blood supply stops to heart muscles causing occlusions in some portion or whole artery. MI is the result of three pathological changes such as elevation of ST‐segment, the appearance of wide pathological Q‐wave and inversion of T‐wave in ECG record. Detection of MI by considering few ECG leads generally requires prior information about the pathological behaviour of the disease. The present work considers 12 leads to view the cardiac condition from various angles in ECG signal for accurate detection of MI. This Letter investigates on various wavelet basis functions, i.e. Haar, Daubechies, Symlet, Coiflet and biorthogonal basis filters of different order for selecting the most suitable one for the detection of MI. Wavelet transform of 12‐lead ECG signal decomposes the signal into different subbands. A comparative study has been done based on the multiscale energy at different wavelet subbands for the selection of most suitable wavelet basis for the accurate detection of MI. The experimentation is carried out on different datasets from the PTB diagnostic ECG database.
Equivalent model considering frequency characteristics and renewable uncertainties for probabilistic power flow
Authors: Yu Juan , Lin Wei , Kamel Salah , Li Wenyuan , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2018

The data is not always shared among sub‐networks due to concerns about information privacy or difficulties in synchronous information exchange. It is difficult or even impossible to obtain the probabilistic power flow (PPF) by the centralised analysis. In this paper, an equivalent model considering static power–frequency characteristics (SPFCs) and renewable uncertainties is proposed. In this model, SPFCs of equivalent loads and generators are derived to retain SPFCs of original external loads and generators, respectively. In addition, probabilistic characteristics and correlations of equivalent loads are formulated based on Cholesky decomposition to preserve original external renewable uncertainties. The proposed model is further applied to PPF and then PPF can be solved via Monte Carlo simulation method, which makes that the PPF results can be obtained when the detailed data of the original external network cannot be shared. Owing to efficiently preserving the external SPFCs and renewable uncertainties in the proposed equivalent model, the accuracy of PPF results can be guaranteed. Simulation results of IEEE 14‐bus and IEEE‐118 bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed equivalent model and its applications to PPF, compared with existing well known equivalent models and their applications to PPF.
Machine learning‐based H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoding via motion information reuse and coding mode similarity analysis
Authors: Lin Hongwei , He Xiaohai , Qing Linbo , Su Shan , Xiong Shuhua
Published: September 2018

High‐efficiency video coding (HEVC), which is the latest video coding standard, is expected to have a dominant position in the market in the near future. However, most video resources are now encoded using the H.264/AVC standard. Consequently, there is a growing need for fast H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoders to facilitate the migration to the updated standard. This paper proposes a fast H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoding scheme, which constructs a three‐level classifier using an optimised tree‐augmented Naive Bayesian approach to predict the HEVC coding unit depth. A feature selection method is then proposed to improve prediction accuracy. A motion vector (MV) calculation method is also proposed to reduce the complexity of MV prediction in HEVC by reusing MVs from H.264/AVC. Experimental results show that, compared with other state‐of‐the‐art transcoding algorithms, the proposed algorithm considerably reduces coding complexity while causing only negligible rate‐distortion degradation.
Automatic smoky vehicle detection from traffic surveillance video based on vehicle rear detection and multi‐feature fusion
Authors: Tao Huanjie , Lu Xiaobo
Published: September 2018

Smoky vehicle emissions remain a significant contributor in many areas where air quality standards are under threat. The existing smoky vehicle detection methods are inefficiency and with high false alarm rate. This study presents an automatic detection method of smoky vehicles from traffic surveillance video based on vehicle rear detection and multi‐feature fusion. In this method, the Vibe background subtraction algorithm is utilised to detect foreground objects, and some rules are used to remove non‐vehicle objects. To obtain the key region behind the vehicle rear where the most possible has black smoke in, an improved integral projection method is proposed to detect vehicle rear. To analyse if the key region has black smoke, three groups of representative features are designed and extracted to distinguish smoky vehicles and non‐smoke vehicles. More specifically, the features include the artificial features based on deep investigation of smoky vehicles, the statistical features based on grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix, and the frequency domain features based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Finally, support vector machine is used as the classifier for the extracted features. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves lower false alarm rate than the existing smoke detection methods.
Direct grid‐side current model predictive control for grid‐connected inverter with LCL filter
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Tan Li , Xian Jiaheng , Zhang Hui , Ma Zhixun , Kang Jinsong
Published: September 2018

On control of the grid‐connected inverter (GCI) with LCL filter, the inverter‐side current model predictive control is adopted conventionally. The ultimate grid‐side current is controlled indirectly by control of inverter‐side current. The ideal scenario is that grid‐side current is directly controlled. However, the conventional control model is complicated and the calculation is heavy. This study proposed a novel direct grid‐side current model predictive control (GSC‐MPC) for GCI with LCL filter. Based on timing coordination of both forward and backward difference methods, a direct connection is established between the grid‐side output current and the inverter‐side output voltage. Meanwhile, a proper mathematical model is built for an improved model predictive control. The exact required voltage vector in the next sampling interval is predicted and calculated by this model. The output optimal voltage vector is modulated by space vector pulse width modulation technique to control the inverter. Furthermore, the proposed GSC‐MPC is rather robust to parameter variation. Simulation and experimental results present that the proposed GSC‐MPC can improve the current control performance effectively for GCI with LCL filter.
Optimisation of pocket doped junctionless TFET and its application in digital inverter
Authors: Devi Wangkheirakpam Vandana , Bhowmick Brinda
Published: September 2018

In this work, a device called pocket doped junctionless tunnel field‐effect transistor (JL‐TFET) for digital inverter application is proposed. The operation of this device is subjected to junctionless technique and initially it has an N+–N+–N+ structure. This device utilises a SiGe N+ pocket at the source side and a dual gate namely, fixed gate and control gate. By keeping the fixed gate voltage below its flat band voltage and varying the control gate from 0 to VDD, the device is converted from the N+–N+–N+ structure to P–I–N structure and operates like a tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET). The inclusion of N+ pocket gives an additional tunnelling path perpendicular to the gate‐oxide thickness. A brief examination of the proposed device has been done on the impacts of the work‐function variations of both the gate metals. A subthreshold swing of 43.6 mV/dec is obtained for fixed and control gate work‐function of 5 and 4.5 eV, respectively. The proposed device gives the drain current of 5.7 × 10−4 A approximately twice that of conventional JL‐TFET. Further, an radio frequency analysis of the device is done for different parameters such as drain current (ID), total gate capacitance (Cgg), transconductance (gm) and cut‐off frequency (fT) and the outcomes are compared with conventional JL‐TFET. The device is found to be suitable for high‐frequency application. Lastly, it is applied on inverter circuit and its voltage transfer characteristics are studied.
Geodesics of minimal length in the set of probability measures on graphs
Authors: Gangbo Wilfrid , Li Wuchen , Mou Chenchen
Published: September 2018

We endow the set of probability measures on a weighted graph with a Monge–Kantorovich metric induced by a function defined on the set of edges. The graph is assumed to havenvertices and so the boundary of the probability simplex is an affine (n− 2)-chain. Characterizing the geodesics of minimal length which may intersect the boundary is a challenge we overcome even when the endpoints of the geodesics do not share the same connected components. It is our hope that this work will be a preamble to the theory of mean field games on graphs.
Electromagnetic properties of LTCC-ferrite in the microwave range
Authors: Vincent Didier , Roy Langis , Ghaffar Farhan , Bray Joey R.
Published: September 2018

The electromagnetic properties of a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ferrite in the microwave range have been determined by performing S-parameter measurements of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) cell. An optimization procedure is used to minimize an error function that compares the measured S-parameters to those obtained from electromagnetic simulations based on the spectral domain approach (SDA) method in the saturated state. Using this method, the μ and κ parameters of the permeability tensor are extracted. Other results in the demagnetized and partially magnetized states show a special LTCC-ferrite behavior.
A posteriori analysis for space-time, discontinuous in time Galerkin approximations for parabolic equations in a variable domain
Authors: Antonopoulou Dimitra , Plexousakis Michael
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an a posteriori error analysis for the discontinuous in time space–time scheme proposed by Jamet for the heat equation in multi-dimensional, non-cylindrical domains Jamet (SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 15 (1978) 913–928). Using a Clément-type interpolant, we prove abstract a posteriori error bounds for the numerical error. Furthermore, in the case of two-dimensional spatial domains we transform the problem into an equivalent one, of parabolic type, with space-time dependent coefficients but posed on a cylindrical domain. We formulate a discontinuous in time space–time scheme and prove a posteriori error bounds of optimal order. The a priori estimates of Evans (American Mathematical Society (1998)) for general parabolic initial and boundary value problems are used in the derivation of the upper bound. Our lower bound coincides with that of Picasso (Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 167 (1998) 223–237), proposed for adaptive, Runge-Kutta finite element methods for linear parabolic problems. Our theoretical results are verified by numerical experiments.
Dynamics of lean premixed flames stabilized on a meso-scale bluff-body in an unconfined flow field
Authors: Kim Yu Jeong , Lee Bok Jik , Im Hong G.
Published: September 2018

Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamics of lean premixed flames stabilized on a meso-scale bluff-body in hydrogen-air and syngas-air mixtures. To eliminate the flow confinement effect due to the narrow channel, a larger domain size at twenty times the bluff-body dimension was used in the new simulations. Flame/flow dynamics were examined as the mean inflow velocity is incrementally raised until blow-off occurs. As the mean inflow velocity is increased, several distinct modes in the flame shape and fluctuation patterns were observed. In contrast to our previous study with a narrow channel, the onset of local extinction was observed during the asymmetric vortex shedding mode. Consequently, the flame stabilization and blow-off behavior was found to be dictated by the combined effects of the hot product gas pocket entrained into the extinction zone and the ability to auto-ignite the mixture within the given residence time corresponding to the lateral flame fluctuations. A proper time scale analysis is attempted to characterize the flame blow-off mechanism, which turns out to be consistent with the classic theory of Zukoski and Marble.
Naturheilkundliche Maßnahmen bei Kopfschmerzen und Migräne
Authors: Ogal Hans P.
Published: September 2018

Bei der ganzheitlichen Behandlung von Kopfschmerzen und Migräne ist es wichtig, die Ordnung im Organismus wiederherzustellen, wenn diese durch verschiedene innere und äußere Faktoren und Stressoren gestört wird. Dabei haben sich nachweislich einige komplementärmedizinische Methoden bewährt, die der Autor vorstellt. In der richtigen Kombination und auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse des einzelnen Menschen angewandt, verhelfen sie diesem wieder zu mehr Gesundheit, besserer Lebensqualität und im Idealfall auch zu Schmerzfreiheit.
Generic Health-Related Quality of Life after Repair of Esophageal Atresia and Its Determinants within a German–Swedish Cohort
Authors: Flieder Sofie , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Witt Stefanie , Dingemann Carmen , Quitmann Julia , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Chaplin John , Dammeier Barbara , Bullinger Monika , Ure Benno , Abrahamsson Kate , Dingemann Jens
Published: September 2018

Aim Despite advances of outcomes of esophageal atresia (EA), knowledge on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is sparse. Due to the heterogeneity of EA, larger cohorts need to be investigated to ensure reliability of data. Aim was to determine generic HRQoL after EA repair in a Swedish–German cohort.

Patients and Methods Ethical approval was obtained. A total of 192 patients (2–18 years; 134 Swedish; 58 German) were included. Clinical data were reviewed. EA was classified in “severe” and “mild/moderate.” Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL 4.0) was used in appropriate versions (2–7 years; 8–18 years; self- [SR] and proxy report [PR]) to determine generic HRQoL.

Results Swedish and German samples were clinically and demographically comparable. HRQoL was lower in “severe EA” versus “mild/moderate” (2–18 years; total score; PR 85.6 vs. 73.6; p < 0.001) and Gross A versus Gross C type EA (2–7 years; total score; PR 61.0 vs. 79.3; p = 0.035). Total HRQoL was higher in the Swedish versus German sample (2–18 years; total score; PR 82.3 vs. 72.7; p = 0.002). HRQoL was impaired in the German sample versus healthy population (2–18 years; total score; PR 72.7 vs. 82.7; p = 0.001). In German patients (8–18 years), HRQoL was higher in SR versus PR (80.7 vs. 74.7; p = 0.044). Patients' age and presence of VACTERL association or isolated anorectal malformations did not affect HRQoL. Various differences were detected regarding different dimensions of PedsQL 4.0.

Conclusion In this first international study, we found several differences in perception of generic HRQoL. HRQoL appears to be determined by the type of EA and severity rather than patients' age or the presence of typical associated malformations. Country-specific differences may be culturally dependent, but further investigations are suggested. A condition-specific instrument validated for EA may provide additional insights.
Facial Location and Operating Room Environment are the Risk Factors for Incomplete Excision of Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Zgraj Oskar , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Gorecki Wojciech
Published: September 2018

Introduction The management of melanocytic nevi involves many various practitioners with a high number of patients. Data on failure to achieve goals of treatment are scarce. We aimed to determine percentage of incompletely excised nevi and the risk factors responsible.

Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, histology reports of all melanocytic nevi excised within our department between January 2014 and June 2015 were considered. Those aimed for stage excision and those with inconclusive histology reports were excluded. Patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the lesion, its size, as well as source of specimen (general surgical outpatients, surgical oncology outpatients, and operating room), and performing surgeon (trainee vs. consultant) were recorded. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Results A total of 739 nevi in 541 patients were analyzed. Positive margins were found in 80 (11%) of all specimens. There was significantly increased rate of incomplete excision of nevi from the facial area (42%; p < 0.001) versus other areas and, surprisingly, those excised in the operating room under general anesthesia (19%; p = 0.009). Nevi excised at our surgical oncology outpatients had the lowest rate (8%, p = 0.013) of incomplete excisions. There were no statistically significant differences in other variables.

Conclusion We identified facial location and operating room environment as risk factors for incomplete excision of melanocytic nevi. We suggest that human factors play a key role in achieving a good quality of service.
Perthes-Like Lesion in Wrist Joint: Stripping of Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Authors: Malshikare Vijay
Published: September 2018

Background Chronic ulnar-sided wrist pain often proves to be a challenging presenting complaint. A new type of injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the wrist is described in a young female. It is characterized by stripping of UCL from ulnar attachment.

Case Description A 32-year-old female sustained an injury after lifting heavy weight. Examination revealed tenderness to the ulnar styloid, terminal radial deviation was painful and decreased grip strength. The arthro-computed tomography (Arthroscanner) diagnosed stripping of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL). The UCL was refixed with transosseous sutures. At one year follow-up, the patient was pain-free with good range of motion and improved grip strength.

Literature Review After intense literature review, we found this type of injury was not reported, but we found the same type of injury in the shoulder “Perthes lesion.”

Clinical Relevance The UCL stripping of the wrist is a rare entity and undiagnosed on routine investigation. This lesion was only diagnosed on an arthroscanner and was missed on MR study which is commonly used for diagnosed wrist pain. This case is being reported for its rarity and to expand the differential diagnosis of the ulnar-sided wrist pain.
Anterior Cranial Fossa Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuroaxis—Diagnosis Using a Transblepharoplasty Approach
Authors: Blood Timothy , Rodriguez Fausto , Nolan Norris , Ramanathan Murugappan , Desai Shaun
Published: September 2018

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuroaxis (CAPNON) are rare, benign tumors of unknown histogenesis. CAPNON generally are found intracranially or within the spinal column in symptomatic patients. We present the case of an asymptomatic patient with an incidentally discovered right anterior cranial fossa mass with extension through the posterior and anterior table of the right frontal sinus and right superior orbital roof. Open biopsy was performed via a transblepharoplasty incision with pathological diagnosis of CAPNON. The biopsy approach was well hidden and resulted in minimal to no postoperative scarring and little postoperative pain. We present the first documented case of CAPNON involving the frontal sinus via the anterior cranial base. Given our experience, in a patient with a mass involving the frontal sinus and superior orbital rim, the transblepharoplasty approach provides excellent exposure and access for pathological diagnosis. Further, we recommend that CAPNON remain on the differential for aggressive appearing calcified masses of the anterior cranial fossa.
Study on charge transfer mechanism and dielectric relaxation of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3)
Authors: Maji Prasenjit , Ray Apurba , Sadhukhan Priyabrata , Chatterjee Souvik , Das Sachindranath
Published: September 2018

In this work, CsPbBr3 has been successfully synthesized via sol-gel technique. The orthorhombic phase of the material has been verified by X-ray diffraction measurement followed by Rietveld refinement analysis. Morphological study has revealed the cubic shape of particles with dimension ∼3 μm. Electrical properties are characterized by Complex impedance (Z*), dielectric permittivity (ɛ*), and ac conductivity within the frequency range 10 Hz–5 MHz for different temperatures between 313K and 673 K. The dielectric behavior of CsPbBr3 is found to be thermally activated and frequency dependent. The ascensive nature of ɛ′(ω) at lower frequency is assigned to the Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization. ɛ′(ω) has been fitted using Kramers-Kronig relation by including the dielectric constant at infinite frequency. Variation of ɛ″(ω) with frequency has been explained by the hopping of charge carrier over a potential barrier between charge defects. AC conductivity has also been fitted by Jonscher's power law to find the real component of conductivity and it has been described by using the Jump relaxation model. Activation energy has been calculated by fitting the dc conductivity using Arrhenius relation and found to have a value of 0.517 eV. Grain resistance (rg), grain capacitance (cg), grain boundary resistance (rgb), and grain boundary capacitance (cgb) have been accounted by fitting Z′ vs log(f) plot with equivalent circuit and existing theoretical model.
Note: Simultaneous measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane displacement by using orthogonally polarized self-mixing grating interferometer
Authors: Shi Liheng , Kong Lingwen , Guo Dongmei , Xia Wei , Ni Xiaoqi , Hao Hui , Wang Ming
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we present an orthogonally polarized self-mixing grating interferometer (SMGI) for simultaneous measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. The measurement ranges in both directions are limited only by the length of grating. The orthogonally polarized lights emitted from a birefringent He–Ne laser are separated and enter the grating at ±1st-order Littrow angles. The diffraction beams re-enter the laser cavity and cause self-mixing interference. To differentiate the orthogonally polarized lights and obtain high resolution, phase modulation technique is introduced to extract phases from the orthogonally polarized SMGI signals. The measurement results show that the proposed system can reach a submicron accuracy in the experiment. This work provides a good way to achieve high precision two-dimensional displacement measurement with a robust system configuration.
The high pressure gas capabilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s neutron facilities
Authors: dos Santos A. M. , Molaison J. J. , Haberl B. , Krishna L. , Page K. , Loguillo M. , Wang X. P.
Published: September 2018

The study of samples subjected to high pressure gas is an important asset in materials research and has consequently been a priority of the sample environment development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) neutron program. Such effort has resulted in the availability of an extensive combination of pressure cells and gas intensifiers (both commercially available and custom made). These resources are available across both neutron facilities at ORNL: the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor. Current capabilities include, for example, in situ measurements up to 6 kbar and a 3 kbar hydrogen-capable intensifier with a gas recovery feature. In this communication, we will review the existing suite of high pressure gas capabilities, with special emphasis on recent in-house developments. A number of examples will be presented to illustrate how such capabilities are being deployed on neutron beamlines to enable frontier science.
Using time-resolved penumbral imaging to measure low hot spot x-ray emission signals from capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Bishel D. T. , Bachmann B. , Yi A. , Kraus D. , Divol L. , Bethkenhagen M. , Falcone R. W. , Fletcher L. B. , Glenzer S. H. , Landen O. L. , MacDonald M. J. , Masters N. , Neumayer P. , Redmer R. , Saunders A. M. , Witte B. B. L. , Döppner T.
Published: September 2018

We have developed and fielded a new x-ray pinhole-imaging snout that exploits time-resolved penumbral imaging of low-emission hot spots in capsule implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. We report results for a series of indirectly driven Be capsule implosions that aim at measuring x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) spectra at extreme density conditions near stagnation. In these implosions, x-ray emission at stagnation is reduced by 100–1000× compared to standard inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions to mitigate undesired continuum background in the XRTS spectra. Our snout design not only enables measurements of peak x-ray emission times, to, where standard ICF diagnostics would not record any signal, but also allows for inference of hot spot shapes. Measurement of to is crucial to account for shot-to-shot variations in implosion velocity and therefore to benchmark the achieved plasma conditions between shots and against radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Additionally, we used differential filtering to infer a hot spot temperature of 520 ± 80 eV, which is in good agreement with predictions from radiation hydrodynamic simulations. We find that, despite fluctuations of the x-ray flash intensity of up to 5×, the emission time history is similar from shot to shot and slightly asymmetric with respect to peak x-ray emission.
The modulation of multiple phases leading to the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Ratliff D. J.
Published: September 2018

This paper seeks to derive the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation using a novel approach from systems generated from abstract Lagrangians possessing a two-parameter symmetry group. The method utilises a modified modulation approach, which results in the mKdV emerging with coefficients related to the conservation laws possessed by the original Lagrangian system. Alongside this, an adaptation of the method of Kuramoto is developed, providing a simpler mechanism to determine the coefficients of the nonlinear term. The theory is illustrated using two examples of physical interest, one in stratified hydrodynamics and another using a coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger model, to illustrate how the criterion for the mKdV equation to emerge may be assessed and its coefficients generated.
Random tilings with the GPU
Authors: Keating David , Sridhar Ananth
Published: September 2018

We present graphics processing unit accelerated implementations of Markov chain algorithms to sample random tilings, dimers, and the six vertex model.
Measurements of electron density profile by frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer in the T-10 tokamak using high magnetic field side probing and extraordinary mode lower cutoff
Authors: Shelukhin D. A. , Vershkov V. A. , Subbotin G. F. , Sarychev D. V. , Petrov A. A. , Petrov V. G. , Sokolov M. M. , Igonkina G. B.
Published: September 2018

A new, previously unused combination of the high magnetic field side probing and the lower extraordinary mode cutoff was used in the T-10 tokamak for the electron density profile measurements by using a frequency modulation continuous wave reflectometer. This scheme has a significant advantage for large fusion machines where flat electron density profiles and high electron temperatures are expected. The reflectometer design is based on a common scheme with voltage controlled oscillators, active multipliers, and in-phase/quadrature signal detection. Iterative procedures were applied to calibrate a microwave source frequency and compensate the dispersion of probing signals in the conventional rectangular waveguides used as the transmission lines. About 0.2% stability of the beating frequency was reached after the calibration procedure had been finished. An advanced finite-difference scheme was proposed for the reconstruction of the electron density profile to reduce errors and improve the overall performance of the algorithm. Reconstructed electron density profiles demonstrate good agreement with conventional T-10 diagnostic data. Some specific technical and physical aspects of the diagnostic were also discussed on the basis of T-10 operation experience.