bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bryological flora of the regional historic Park of Monte Sole (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
Authors: Fariselli Riccardo , Speranza Maria , Aleffi Michele
Published: May 2018

This article presents the results of a study on the bryological flora of the historic Park of Monte Sole, in the Bologna Apennines (Emilia-Romagna region). A total of 129 taxa were identified, including 9 new findings for the region. The study makes use of the regional cartographic grid, a methodology already used in the description of the vascular flora of the region, applied here for the first time to the bryological flora. If used in future studies, this method will allow a standardization of our knowledge on the distribution of the bryological flora in the region.
Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments: 3
Authors: Orsenigo Simone , Astuti Giovanni , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Citterio Sandra , Conti Fabio , Garrido Becerra Juan Antonio , Gentili Rodolfo , Giusso del Galdo Gianpietro , Jiménez-Martínez Juan F. , Karrer Gerhard , Lahora Agustín , Martínez-Hernández Fabián , Mendoza-Fernández Antonio Juan , Merlo Maria E. , Montagnani Chiara , Mota Juan , Nicolella Gianluca , Pérez García Francisco Javier , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Robles Sanchez Jesus , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Salmerón-Sánchez Esteban , Sánchez-Gómez Pedro , Serra Lluís , Stinca Adriano , Fenu Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of four vascular plants are presented according to IUCN categories and criteria. It includes the assessment at global level of CrepislaceraTensubsp.titani (Pamp.) Roma-Marzio, G.Astuti & Peruzzi and AnthyllishermanniaeL.subsp.sicula Brullo & Giusso and the regional assessment of Commicarpusplumbagineus (Cav.) Standl. (Spain and Europe) and Ambrosiamaritima L. (Italy).
Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 4
Authors: Bartolucci Fabrizio , Domina Gianniantonio , Adorni Michele , Cecchi Lorenzo , Chianese Giuseppina , Conti Fabio , D'Antraccoli Marco , Galasso Gabriele , Ghillani Luigi , Giardini Marco , Guglielmone Laura , Morelli Villiam , Olivieri Nicola , Tirado Javier López , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Scoppola Anna , Selvi Federico , Stinca Adriano , Sturloni Stefano , Tomaselli Valeria , Veronico Giuseppe , Nepi Chiara
Published: May 2018

In this contribution new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, exclusion, extinction and confirmations to the Italian administrative regions for taxa in the generaAndrosace,Artemisia,Fragaria,Melampyrum,Myosotis,Petrorhagia,Phillyrea,Rosa,Rumex,Spiranthes,Trifolium, andVicia. Furthermore, a new combination in the genusOmalothecais proposed.
The traditional food use of wild vegetables in Apulia (Italy) in the light of Italian ethnobotanical literature
Authors: Biscotti Nello , Bonsanto Daniele , Del Viscio Gennaro
Published: May 2018

In this work, we present a summary of an ethnobotanical research carried out in the whole Administrative Region of Apulia (southern Italy). The main topic of the investigation is the traditional knowledge about wild plants, focusing on their common names, on which parts were used in cooking and how they were used. The main aim was to establish a botanical knowledge about these culinary uses through a systematic identification of the species involved, directly in the field. In addition to this, we focused on the ecological aspects of these species and on their biological and chorological forms. Results suggest the existence of very strong ties between the local communities and this particular flora, without substantial differences between rural and urban areas or among different zones of the Apulia Region. On the other hand, in each area we found peculiar food uses, species, parts used, and recipes. The analysed wild plants still have a fundamental role in the local diet, which can predominantly be ascribed to the Mediterranean model. Moreover, we documented an increasing interest in the culinary uses of these species: in the Gargano area, for instance, more and more cultivations of SalicorniaperennansWilld.subsp.perennans are underway thanks to the demand coming from restaurants. In total, we documented 214 taxa (58 families) and at least 19 of them are enduring components of the local diet. Nineteen species represent a high number, considering that the tertiary sector is nowadays predominant in Apulia (73.5 % of the local GDP, compared to 73.2 % in Italy as a whole). Furthermore, the total amount of wild species used as food is the highest in Italy, according to the Italian ethnobotanical literature. On the same basis, we were able to draft a national checklist of 539 taxa documenting the taxonomy of the wild plants involved in traditional food use in Italy, categorized by regions. In conclusion, this work shows that the available literature regarding the Italian territory provides only a partial representation of traditional food uses, even though they are widespread throughout the country. Consequently, this tradition remains to be thoroughly investigated.
Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 5
Authors: Galasso Gabriele , Domina Gianniantonio , Adorni Michele , Ardenghi Nicola M.G. , Bonari Gianmaria , Buono Sergio , Cancellieri Laura , Chianese Giuseppina , Ferretti Giulio , Fiaschi Tiberio , Forte Luigi , Guarino Riccardo , Labadessa Rocco , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Magrini Sara , Minuto Luigi , Mossini Sara , Olivieri Nicola , Scoppola Anna , Stinca Adriano , Turcato Claudia , Nepi Chiara
Published: May 2018

In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, and confirmations for Italy or for Italian administrative regions of taxa in the genera Albizia, Anredera, Bougainvillea, Cardamine, Cenchrus, Cephalaria, Ceratochloa, Cytisus, Datura, Delosperma, Euonymus, Freesia, Hylotelephium, Lantana, Musa, Physalis, Rotala, Styphnolobium, Trachycarpus, and Tradescantia. Nomenclature and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrections are provided as supplementary material.
Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Li Yiyuan , Evans Nathan T. , Renshaw Mark A. , Jerde Christopher L. , Olds Brett P. , Shogren Arial J. , Deiner Kristy , Lodge David M. , Lamberti Gary A. , Pfrender Michael E.
Published: May 2018

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been increasingly applied to biodiversity surveys in stream ecosystems. In stream networks, the accuracy of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment depends on whether the upstream eDNA influx affects downstream detection. Biodiversity assessment in low-discharge streams should be less influenced by eDNA transport than in high-discharge streams. We estimated α- and β-diversity of the fish community from eDNA samples collected in a small Michigan (USA) stream from its headwaters to its confluence with a larger river. We found that α-diversity increased from upstream to downstream and, as predicted, we found a significant positive correlation between β-diversity and physical distance (stream length) between locations indicating species turnover along the longitudinal stream gradient. Sample replicates and different genetic markers showed similar species composition, supporting the consistency of the eDNA metabarcoding approach to estimate α- and β-diversity of fishes in low-discharge streams.
Teachers’ and students’ perception about cyberbullying. Intervention and coping strategies in primary and secondary education
Authors: Giménez-Gualdo Ana-M. , Arnaiz-Sánchez Pilar , Cerezo-Ramírez Fuensanta , Prodócimo Elaine
Published: May 2018

Currently, schools face the challenge of dealing with the phenomena of cyberbullying, which is increasingly present among teenagers. This study analyses teachers’ and students’ perception of the problem, as well as the strategies that both groups use to avoid it. Its findings will allow advances in prevention and intervention in the schools. The study was conducted on 1704 primary and secondary school students and 238 teachers who completed questionnaires about cyberbullying. We used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Findings show significant differences in the motives teachers attributed to cyberbullying. These depend on the educational stage they work in, whereas, among students, it depends on the role they have in the cyberbullying: victim or aggressor. We also find differences in the intervention strategies used by teachers, depending on the type of school, educational stage, and gender. Those used the most are communicating, mediating and seeking help. For students, the predominate strategies are avoidance, protection, and reporting. Schoolchildren, in general, show little confidence in their teachers' ability to solve the problem of cyberbullying. The study highlights the importance of training teachers and providing them with action models when faced with this issue, and it points out the necessity of coordinating the efforts of both teachers and students.

Actualmente los centros educativos tienen el reto de enfrentarse al fenómeno del ciberacoso, cada vez más presente entre los adolescentes. El presente estudio analiza la percepción del profesorado y del alumnado y las estrategias que ambos colectivos utilizan para afrontarlo. Su conocimiento permitirá avanzar en su prevención e intervención en las aulas. El estudio se realizó con 1.704 estudiantes de educación primaria, secundaria y 238 profesores a los que se aplicaron sendos cuestionarios sobre ciberacoso. Se utilizó un método descriptivo y transversal. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en las causas que el profesorado atribuye al ciberacoso según la etapa educativa donde ejerza la docencia, apareciendo en el alumnado según el rol que adopta en la situación de acoso: víctima o acosador. También se encuentran diferencias en las estrategias de intervención utilizadas por el profesorado, según la titularidad del centro, la etapa educativa y el sexo, siendo las más empleadas comunicar, mediar y buscar ayuda; en el alumnado predominan las estrategias de evitación, protección y denuncia. Los escolares en general muestran escasa confianza en el profesorado para resolver el problema del ciberacoso. Se concluye exponiendo la importancia de dotar al profesorado de formación específica y de modelos de actuación ante este fenómeno, y señalando la necesidad de coordinar los esfuerzos de docentes y estudiantes.
Cyberbullying and problematic Internet use in Colombia, Uruguay and Spain: Cross-cultural study
Authors: Yudes-Gómez Carolina , Baridon-Chauvie Daniela , González-Cabrera Joaquín-Manuel
Published: May 2018

The goal of this cross-cultural study was to analyze and compare the cybervictimization and cyberaggression scores, and the problematic Internet use between Spain, Colombia and Uruguay. Despite cultural similarities between the Spanish and the South American contexts, there are few empirical studies that have comparatively examined this issue. The study sample consisted of 2,653 subjects aged 10-18 years. Data was collected through the cyberbullying questionnaire and the Spanish version of the “Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale”. Results showed a higher prevalence of minor cyberbullying behavior in Spain between 10-14 years. In the three countries compared, there was a higher prevalence of two types of bystanders: the defender of the victim and the outsider, although in Colombia there were more profiles of assistant to the bully. Regarding the problematic use of the Internet, there were not differences between the three countries. We provide evidence on the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberaggression and problematic use of the Internet. The dimensions of compulsive use and regulation of mood are the best predictors of cyberbullying. We discuss our results in relation to the possible normalization of violence and its lack of recognition as such.

El objetivo de este estudio transcultural ha sido analizar y comparar las puntuaciones de cibervictimización y ciberagresión, y el uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes de España, Colombia y Uruguay, ya que pese a las semejanzas culturales existentes entre el contexto latinoamericano y español son escasos los estudios empíricos que los han comparado previamente. La muestra estuvo formada por 2.653 participantes de 10 a 18 años. Se recogieron datos a través del cuestionario de ciberacoso y de la versión en castellano del «Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale». Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una mayor prevalencia de conductas de ciberacoso leve en España entre los 10-14 años. En los tres países, destacan dos roles de ciberobservador: defensor de la víctima y no comprometido ante la agresión, aunque con más perfiles de apoyo al agresor en Colombia. No se observan diferencias en un uso problemático de Internet entre los tres países. Se proporcionan evidencias sobre la relación de la cibervictimización y ciberagresión con el uso problemático de Internet. Las dimensiones de uso compulsivo y regulación del estado anímico son las que mejor predicen el ciberacoso. Los resultados son discutidos con relación a la posible normalización de la violencia y su falta de reconocimiento como tal.
Excessive use of social networks: Psychosocial profile of Spanish adolescents
Authors: Malo-Cerrato Sara , Martín-Perpiñá Maria-de-las-Mercedes , Viñas-Poch Ferran
Published: May 2018

Understanding the factors that predict excessive use of social networks in adolescence can help prevent problems as addictive behaviours, loneliness or cyberbullying. The main aim was to ascertain the psychological and social profile of adolescents whose use of SNSS is excessive. Participants comprised 1,102 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 from Girona (Spain). Those who made excessive use of social networks were grouped together. Their personality and social profiles were explored, the former using NEO FFI, NEO PI-R and Self-Concept AF5, and the latter through the use of Social Support Appraisals, self-attributed type of ICT use in the family and rules regarding ICT use at home. The prevalence of excessive use was 12.8%, being higher among girls. The personality profile was characterized by neuroticism, impulsivity and a lower family, academic and emotional self-concept. The social profile was defined by the perception of high ICT consump¬tion in the mother and siblings, and a lack of rules. The protective factors were conscientiousness, the existence of rules, and being a boy; risk factors were the use of SNSS as a distraction and for fun, and the perception of high sibling consumption. Interventions based on gender and working on responsible ICT use within the family environment are proposed to prevent more serious psychological problems.

Poder entender los factores que predicen un uso excesivo de redes sociales en la adolescencia puede ayudar a prevenir problemas como conductas adictivas, soledad o ciberacoso. El principal objetivo es explorar el perfil psicológico y social de adolescentes que realizan un uso excesivo de redes sociales. Participaron 1.102 adolescentes de 11 a 18 años de Girona (España). Se agruparon los que realizaban un uso excesivo y se exploró su perfil de personalidad (NEO FFI, NEO PI-R y autoconcepto AF5) y el social (apoyo social percibido, tipología autoatribuida de consumo de TIC en la familia y normas de uso de las TIC en el hogar). La prevalencia de uso excesivo fue del 12,8%, siendo mayor en chicas. El perfil de personalidad se caracterizaba por el neuroticismo, la impulsividad y menor autoconcepto familiar, académico y emocional. Percibir elevado consumo de TIC en la madre y hermanos y no disponer de normas de uso define su perfil social. Los factores protectores fueron: la responsabilidad, tener normas de uso y ser chico, y los de riesgo: el uso de redes sociales para distraerse y divertirse, y la elevada percepción de consumo de los hermanos. Se sugiere plantear intervenciones según el sexo y trabajar el uso responsable de las TIC con el entorno familiar, para prevenir problemáticas psicológicas más graves.
Effects of Influenza on Alveolar Macrophage Viability Are Dependent on Mouse Genetic Strain
Authors: Califano Danielle , Furuya Yoichi , Metzger Dennis W.
Published: May 2018

Secondary bacterial coinfections following influenza virus pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is of significant clinical relevance to understand the immunological causes of this increased susceptibility. Influenza-induced alterations in alveolar macrophages (AMs) have been shown to be a major underlying cause of the increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfection. However, the mechanisms responsible for this remain under debate, specifically in terms of whether AMs are depleted in response to influenza infection or are maintained postinfection, but with disrupted phagocytic activity. The data presented in this article resolves this issue by showing that either mechanism can differentially occur in individual mouse strains. BALB/c mice exhibited a dramatic IFN-γ–dependent reduction in levels of AMs following infection with influenza A, whereas AM levels in C57BL/6 mice were maintained throughout the course of influenza infection, although the cells displayed an altered phenotype, namely an upregulation in CD11b expression. These strain differences were observed regardless of whether infection was performed with low or high doses of influenza virus. Furthermore, infection with either the H1N1 A/California/04/2009 (CA04) or H1N1 A/PR8/1934 (PR8) virus strain yielded similar results. Regardless of AM viability, both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed a high level of susceptibility to postinfluenza bacterial infection. These findings resolve the apparent inconsistencies in the literature, identify mouse strain–dependent differences in the AM response to influenza infection, and ultimately may facilitate translation of the mouse model to clinical application.
Comparison of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal composite restorations
Authors: Oz Fatma Dilsad , Ergin Esra , Gurgan Sevil
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted, intact maxillary molar teeth with standardized, deep MOD cavities were randomly assigned into four groups according to the base material placed: Control group (CO); no base material, SDR group; bulk-fill flowable composite, CGIC group; chemically curing glass ionomer cement (GIC), and RGIC group; light curing resin reinforced GIC. All the specimens were then restored with a nanocomposite (CeramX Duo/Dentsply) in combination with etch and rinse adhesive following the manufacturer’s instructions. After aging fracture, strength of the specimens was tested by the application of a ramped oblique load to the buccal cusp in a universal testing machine. Mean fracture strength values for each group were calculated and compared using one-way ANOVA (P = 0.05). Fracture patterns of the specimens were also evaluated. Results: The mean loads necessary to fracture the samples were as follows: control: 819.22 ± 253.65; SDR: 694.46 ± 266. 55; CGIC: 559.15 ± 277.34; RGIC 861.87 ± 277.28: N. The control and RGIC groups showed significantly higher fracture strength than CGIC and SDR groups (P < 0.05). Although the mean fracture strength value of SDR group was higher than that of CGIC group, the difference between these groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Most frequently observed fracture patterns were adhesive (58.3%) in CO, cohesive (50%) in SDR group, cohesive (83.3%) in CGIC group, and mixed (41.7%) in RGIC group. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement as a base material or restoration of the tooth only with composite resin resulted in higher fracture strength than composite resin restoration with a conventional glass ionomer base or a flowable bulk-fill material. Fracture pattern distributions diversed according to the base material placed under composite restoration.
Child physical abuse: Perception and responsibility of dentists living in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hashim Raghad , Al-Dallal Samar
Published: May 2018

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate dentists’ level of knowledge and experience regarding child physical abuse in the United Arab Emirates, to identify barriers that prevent the reporting of suspected cases by dental practitioners, and to assess the need for training dentists in child protection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 124 dentists working in private practice in the Emirate of Dubai; the data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses for responses to each question. Results: Of all general dental practitioners invited to participate, only 70% have responded. Almost one-quarter of the dentists encountered a suspicious child abuse case at least once in their career, but only 30% of those reported their suspicion. The most common barriers that preclude the dentists from reporting child abuse cases were uncertainty about their diagnosis, lack of knowledge regarding referral procedures, followed by the fear of violence in the family toward the child. However, the majority of the participants were aware of their legal responsibilities toward protecting children from abuse and they expressed their need for further training in this area. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it appears that the level of knowledge among the respondents regarding the recognition and reporting of child physical abuse was lacking. Therefore, specialized training in this area is highly recommended.
Fourier Spaces and Completely Isometric Representations of Arens Product Algebras
Authors: Stokke Ross
Published: May 2018

Motivated by the definition of a semigroup compactication of a locally compact group and a large collection of examples, we introduce the notion of an (operator) homogeneous left dual Banach algebra (HLDBA) over a (completely contractive) Banach algebra
$A$
. We prove a Gelfand-type representation theorem showing that every HLDBA over A has a concrete realization as an (operator) homogeneous left Arens product algebra: the dual of a subspace of
$A^{\ast }$
with a compatible (matrix) norm and a type of left Arens product
$\Box$
. Examples include all left Arens product algebras over
$A$
, but also, when
$A$
is the group algebra of a locally compact group, the dual of its Fourier algebra. Beginning with any (completely) contractive (operator)
$A$
-module action
$Q$
on a space
$X$
, we introduce the (operator) Fourier space
$({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast }),\Vert \cdot \Vert _{Q})$
and prove that
$({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast })^{\ast },\Box )$
is the unique (operator) HLDBA over
$A$
for which there is a weak
$^{\ast }$
-continuous completely isometric representation as completely bounded operators on
$X^{\ast }$
extending the dual module representation. Applying our theory to several examples of (completely contractive) Banach algebras
$A$
and module operations, we provide new characterizations of familiar HLDBAs over A and we recover, and often extend, some (completely) isometric representation theorems concerning these HLDBAs.
Blogging for Medical Education – a Personal View
Authors: Thaung C
Published: May 2018

Medical education has evolved considerably from didactic and lecture-based to self-directed, especially with the rise of online platforms. While large organisations may commission or create entire customised courses for online learning, the individual teacher has a more modest and immediately accessible tool with which to disseminate information to students and other learners: blogging.
A Brief Look at the History of the Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh, 1894–1990
Authors: McNeill ER , Wright D , Demetriades AK
Published: May 2018

The Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh, opened in 1894 and was the first establishment of its kind in the UK, maintained and wholly funded as it was by the Reformed Church. Through its 96-year lifetime it changed and evolved to time and circumstance. It was a school: for the training of nurses and deaconesses who took their practical skills all over the world. It was a sanctum: for the sick-poor before the NHS. It was a subsidiary: for the bigger hospitals of Edinburgh after amalgamation into the NHS. It was a specialised centre: as the Urology Department in Edinburgh and the Scottish Lithotripter centre. And now it is currently student accommodation. There is no single source to account for its history. Through the use of original material made available by the Lothian Health Services Archives - including Church of Scotland publications, patient records, a doctor's casebook and annual reports - we review its conception, purpose, development and running; its fate on joining the NHS, its identity in the latter years and finally its closure.
Profit efficiency of banks in Colombia with undesirable output: a directional distance function approach
Authors: Almanza Camilo , Rodríguez Jhon James Mora
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the sources of bank efficiency in Colombia over the period 2000–2011. To perform this research, the authors propose a score of bank efficiency using the directional distance function, which was estimated using data envelopment analysis. Additionally, they use an ordered probit panel regression to explore the effects of some market-related and bank-specific factors on efficiency. The results show that the noninclusion of non-performing loans (NPLs) leads to higher bank inefficiency indicators, which are significantly different from those obtained when NPLs are included. Further, they find that economic growth, capital risk, foreign and national banks, and account liquidity risk explain, in part, the efficiency of Colombian banks.
The airglow layer emission altitude cannot be determined unambiguously from temperature comparison with lidars
Authors: Dunker Tim
Published: May 2018

Abstract. I investigate the nightly mean emission height and width of the
OH* (3–1) layer by comparing nightly mean temperatures measured by
the ground-based spectrometer GRIPS 9 and the Na lidar at ALOMAR. The
data set contains 42 coincident measurements taken between November 2010 and
February 2014, when GRIPS 9 was in operation at the ALOMAR observatory
(69.3∘ N, 16.0∘ E) in northern Norway. To closely resemble the
mean temperature measured by GRIPS 9, I weight each nightly mean temperature
profile measured by the lidar using Gaussian distributions with 40 different
centre altitudes and 40 different full widths at half maximum. In principle,
one can thus determine the altitude and width of an airglow layer by finding
the minimum temperature difference between the two instruments. On most
nights, several combinations of centre altitude and width yield a temperature
difference of ±2 K. The generally assumed altitude of 87 km
and width of 8 km is never an unambiguous, good solution for any of
the measurements. Even for a fixed width of ∼ 8.4 km, one can
sometimes find several centre altitudes that yield equally good temperature
agreement. Weighted temperatures measured by lidar are not suitable to unambiguously
determine the emission height and width of an airglow layer.
However, when actual altitude and width data are lacking, a comparison with
lidars can provide an estimate of how representative a measured rotational
temperature is of an assumed altitude and width. I found the rotational
temperature to represent the temperature at the commonly assumed altitude of
87.4 km and width of 8.4 km to within ±16 K, on
average. This is not a measurement uncertainty.
Accommodation space indicates dune development potential along an urbanized and frequently nourished coastline
Authors: Nolet Corjan , Riksen Michel J. P. M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. With densely populated areas well below mean sea level, the Netherlands relies heavily on its dunes to ensure coastal safety. About half of the sandy coastline, however, is subject to structural marine erosion and requires frequent sand nourishments as a counteractive measure. A key component of present-day coastal safety policy is creating favorable conditions for natural dune development. These conditions essentially involve a (1) steady supply of wind-blown sand towards (2) wide accommodation space where sand can accumulate and dunes are sheltered from storm surge impact. This paper examines to what extent an experimental mega-scale beach nourishment (termed Zandmotor in Dutch) has contributed to creating accommodation space favorable for dune development. Using publicly available airborne Lidar data and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, favorable accommodation space is identified by comparing recent changes in coastal morphology against dune vegetation cover dynamics. With a focus on European marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) as the most prominent dune-building species, this paper demonstrates that the Zandmotor supports an especially high potential for incipient (embryo) dunes to develop as most of its favorable accommodation space is located on the beach. However, considering persistent anthropogenic disturbances arising from recreation, leisure and nature management, dune development along this urbanized coastline may not reach its full potential.
Developing a global operational seasonal hydro-meteorological forecasting system: GloFAS v2.2 Seasonal v1.0
Authors: Emerton Rebecca , Zsoter Ervin , Arnal Louise , Cloke Hannah L. , Muraro Davide , Prudhomme Christel , Stephens Elisabeth M. , Salamon Peter , Pappenberger Florian
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Global overviews of upcoming flood and drought events are key for many applications, including disaster risk reduction initiatives. Seasonal forecasts are designed to provide early indications of such events weeks, or even months, in advance, but seasonal forecasts for hydrological variables at large or global scales are few and far between. Here, we present the first operational global scale seasonal hydro-meteorological forecasting system: GloFAS-Seasonal. Developed as an extension of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS), GloFAS-Seasonal couples seasonal meteorological forecasts from ECMWF with a hydrological model, to provide openly available probabilistic forecasts of river flow out to 4 months ahead for the global river network. This system has potential benefits not only for disaster risk reduction through early awareness of floods and droughts, but also for water-related sectors such as agriculture and water resources management, in particular for regions where no other forecasting system exists. We describe the key hydro-meteorological components and computational framework of GloFAS-Seasonal, alongside the forecast products available, before discussing initial evaluation results and next steps.
Quantifying projected changes in runoff variability and flow regimes
of the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Islam Siraj Ul , Curry Charles L. , Déry Stephen J. , Zwiers Francis W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Canada's Fraser River Basin (FRB), the largest watershed in the province of British Columbia, supplies vital freshwater resources and is the world's most productive salmon river system. We evaluate projected changes in the FRB's runoff variability and regime transitions using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model. The VIC model is driven by an ensemble of 21 statistically downscaled simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), for a 150-year time period (1950–2099) over which greenhouse gas concentrations follow the CMIP5 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Using mean and standard deviation (variability) metrics, we emphasize projected hydroclimatological changes in the cold season (October to March) over different sub-basins and geoclimatic regions of the FRB. Warming consistent with the RCP8.5 scenario would lead to increased precipitation input to the basin with higher interannual variability and considerably reduced winter snowfall shortening the average snow accumulation season by about 38 %. Such changes in temperature and precipitation will increase cold season runoff variability leading to higher cold season peak flows. In the lower Fraser River, cold season runoff will increase by 70 % and its interannual variability will double compared to the 1990s, presenting substantial challenges for operational flow forecasting by the end of this century. Cold season peak flows will increase substantially, particularly in the Coast Mountains, where the peak flow magnitudes will rise by 60 %. These projected changes are consistent with a basin-wide transition from a snow-melt driven flow regime to one that more closely resembles a rainfall driven regime. This study provides key information relating to projected hydroclimate variability across the FRB, describes potential impacts on its water resources, and assesses the implications for future extreme hydrological events.
An assessment of trends and potential future changes in groundwater-baseflow drought based on catchment response times
Authors: Hellwig Jost , Stahl Kerstin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Drought is an important natural hazard with large impacts on society. Changes in drought characteristics have been studied for different parts of the hydrological cycle, but insights in changes of groundwater resources are obscured due to the lack of long-term observations and large heterogeneity of hydrogeological conditions. Moreover, predicted future changes in precipitation are uncertain and have a lagged effect on streamflow and groundwater. We investigated past changes and potential future changes in catchment baseflow as a reflexion of groundwater drought for 338 headwater catchments across Germany based on catchments' characteristic response times. First, baseflow dynamics as a proxy of groundwater storage and outflow on catchment scale were derived from streamflow records and related to precipitation input. Second, past trends in baseflow minima were calculated and attributed to climate and catchment controls. Last, response times and the timing of yearly baseflow minima were combined into scenario-neutral estimates of the sensitivity to future precipitation changes. Baseflow response times of the studied headwaters are heterogenous across Germany, ranging from few months to several years, and depend significantly on hydrogeological conditions. Few significant trends were found in past baseflow minima and trends are highly dependent on the period of analysis. Based on the assumption of a typical regional scenario of increasing winter precipitation and decreasing summer precipitation, increases in hydrological drought hazard or no changes are projected for most parts of Germany. Catchments with longer response times can buffer interannual precipitation shifts whereas catchments with fractured rocks are sensitive to summer precipitation decreases. These results urge for a surface- and groundwater management based on local groundwater response to precipitation and help to assess impacts of climate change on overall water supply.
Time difference of arrival estimation of microseismic signals based on alpha-stable distribution
Authors: Jia Rui-Sheng , Gong Yue , Peng Yan-Jun , Sun Hong-Mei , Zhang Xing-Li , Lu Xin-Ming
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Microseismic signals are generally considered to follow the
Gauss distribution. A comparison of the dynamic characteristics of sample
variance and the symmetry of microseismic signals with the signals which
follow α-stable distribution reveals that the microseismic signals
have obvious pulse characteristics and that the probability density curve of
the microseismic signal is approximately symmetric. Thus, the hypothesis that
microseismic signals follow the symmetric α-stable distribution is
proposed. On the premise of this hypothesis, the characteristic exponent
α of the microseismic signals is obtained by utilizing the fractional
low-order statistics, and then a new method of time difference of arrival
(TDOA) estimation of microseismic signals based on fractional low-order
covariance (FLOC) is proposed. Upon applying this method to the TDOA
estimation of Ricker wavelet simulation signals and real microseismic
signals, experimental results show that the FLOC method, which is based on
the assumption of the symmetric α-stable distribution, leads to
enhanced spatial resolution of the TDOA estimation relative to the
generalized cross correlation (GCC) method, which is based on the assumption
of the Gaussian distribution.
Influence of Training on Employees Performance in Public institution in Tanzania
Authors: Landa Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

This study aimed at examining the influence of training on employees’ performance; it involved a case study design where Tanga Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (Tanga UWASA) was selected. Stratified Random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 71 respondents for the study. Respondents were chosen from ordinary employees, heads of departments and the management of Tanga UWASA. Data were collected using interview, questionnaires and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to yield descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages while Chi square was used to determine influence of training on employee perfomance. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.The findings indicated that Tanga UWASA organises several training programmes and employees are systematically selected to attend those programmes to acquire knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the study found that training has significant influence on employee performance. This relationship was found statistically significant at P < 0.05. The more the employee gets training, the more efficient their level of performance would be. Training programmes contributed to the increase of efficiency, productivity, rise of customers’ level of satisfaction and the increase of Tanga UWASA’s competitive advantage over other water supply authorities.
May Wilson Preston and the Birth of Fitzgerald's Flapper: Illustrating Social Transformation in “Bernice Bobs Her Hair”
Authors: Nolan Jennifer
Published: May 2018

Readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald's fiction in the Saturday Evening Post encountered his stories within a matrix of visual materials familiar both in format and in terms of the artists who produced them. “Bernice Bobs Her Hair,” published in the Post on May 1, 1920, is routinely recognized by scholars for helping to solidify the young Fitzgerald's reputation as a social historian for the Jazz Age and its youth. Yet the extraction of the text alone from its original site of publication has caused scholars to overlook the role of the illustrator in this process. While Fitzgerald was still relatively unknown when the story appeared, May Wilson Preston was an established artist who had been depicting, debating, and reframing young womanhood for over a decade, though she is largely unknown today. Far from being incidental, Preston's popularity and status framed and lent credibility to Fitzgerald's story about the first generation of young women granted the rights for which she and many others fought. This article examines the works of both artists to explore how the textual and the pictorial functioned together for Fitzgerald's audiences, and considers the problematic implications of the work of female illustrators being written out of American literary and cultural history.
From Journal Debate to Novelistic Form: The Case of Margarita de niebla (1927)
Authors: Fernández Vanessa Marie
Published: May 2018

A critical site that reflected cultural and ideological differences within the literary field during the 1920s, Spanish and Latin American Modernist journals traversed borders and provided a forum in which intellectuals experimented with aesthetics and debated their ideas. This article focuses on a 1926 altercation in Valoraciones (La Plata 1923–27) and El Estudiante (Salamanca—Madrid 1925–26) between Mexican Jaime Torres Bodet and Spaniard Benjamín Jarnés that shows how seemingly minor exchanges actually played an important role in Modernist aesthetics both within national boundaries and across the Atlantic.
Deslorelin Implant Treatment for Hair Cycle Arrest (Alopecia X) in Two Intact Male Keeshonden
Authors: Layne Elizabeth A. , Richmond Renee V.
Published: May 2018

Alopecia in dogs occurs secondary to a variety of underlying inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions. Hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) is a noninflammatory alopecia that is frustrating to diagnose and treat due to lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis. A variety of therapies for hair cycle arrest have been described with inconsistent efficacy in different dog breeds and sexes; no definitive treatment is available. This report describes the use of a deslorelin acetate implant in two sexually intact adult male keeshonden, both diagnosed with hair cycle arrest. The dogs had progressive alopecia of the trunk that spared the head and distal limbs present for at least 2 yr. Diagnosis of hair cycle arrest was made based on clinical features, dermatohistopathology, and lack of systemic abnormalities. Treatment with a single subcutaneous 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant resulted in profuse hair regrowth within 3.5 mo that endured for at least 14 mo. Deslorelin implantation is a management option that is safe, affordable, and appears effective for sexually intact male keeshonden with hair cycle arrest.
Identificación y diversidad de insectos asociados al cultivo de marango (Moringa oleífera L.) en Nicaragua
Authors: Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo , Lacayo Rodríguez Robert , Mayorga Mendoza José , Somarriba Moncada Oscar
Published: May 2018

El marango (Moringa oleífera L.) Es un árbol de la familia Moringácea que crece en el trópico, es un cultivo de gran importancia en Centroamérica. En Nicaragua durante los últimos años a crecido el interés por este cultivo debido a su potencial nutritivo en la alimentación de ganado bovino, porcino y aves. Sin embargo se ha visto afectado por muchos problemas fitosanitarios, causando éstos una drástica reducción en los rendimientos de este rubro. Con el objetivo de generar información para el manejo de estos insectos, realizamos este estudio para identificar los principales insectos asociados al cultivo de marango, describir la fluctuación poblacional de estos insectos en las diferentes épocas del año, calcular la abundancia y su riqueza y el comportamiento de cada uno de ellos. Este trabajo se realizó en el período comprendido de Mayo a Diciembre del 2013 en Managua, en dos fincas experimentales Las Mercedes y CNIA-INTA. En ambas fincas se colocaron trampas para la captura de insectos, trampas de caída libre y trampas de recipientes de plástico de un galón con agua y melaza. El total de trampas por finca fueron 24, los muestreos se realizaron semanalmente y los insectos colectados en el campo fueron llevados al laboratorio para su respectiva identificación. De acuerdo a lo resultados obtenidos, los principales ordenes de insectos encontrados asociados al cultivo del marango fueron Orthóptera, Dermaptera, Hemíptera, Coleóptera, Diptera, Lepidóptera, Hymenóptera, Blattodea, Isoptera, Magaloptera, Neuroptera y Odonata. Se encontró que la mayor abundancia y riqueza de insectos asociados al cultivo de marango fue encontrada en la finca CNIA INTA, también se observó que la familia Formicidae y Lonchaeidae fueron las más abundante en ambas fincas.
Las universidades: formadoras de los artífices de la paz
Authors: Valdés Valle Roberto
Published: May 2018

Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 1 enero-junio 2017; 5-6
Estudio de metales pesados en el lago de Ilopango, El Salvador
Authors: Colón-Ortiz Abner J.
Published: May 2018

El lago Ilopango está localizado entre tres departamentos de El Salvador: San Salvador, Cuscatlán y La Paz. De acuerdo con Arévalo y Castañeda (2012), el lago recarga acuíferos, almacena agua, controla inundaciones en la región y ofrece recursos pesqueros y belleza escénica para el turismo y la recreación. Sin embargo, en 2015, a través de la gestión pública, inició la extracción de agua del lago para abastecer la capital salvadoreña (Videla, 2015). Por tal razón, en esta investigación se estudió la presencia y concentración de elementos contaminantes como parte de un monitoreo de la calidad del agua para el consumo humano. Se hizo un muestreo simple en seis puntos del lago, distinguidos como: A, B, C, D, E y F. Estas muestras se analizaron mediante un inductor de plasma acoplado por emisión de espectroscopia óptica (ICP-OES 3300 XL). Entre los resultados se encontró evidencia de elementos contaminantes como: arsénico (As), berilio (Be), cadmio (Cd), selenio (Se), talio (Tl) y plomo (Pb). Sin embargo, estos elementos contaminantes sobrepasaron los límites permitidos para el uso y consumo humano que establece la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos.Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 1 enero-junio 2017; 7-14
Fomsumerism: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Argan Metin , Tokay-Argan Mehpare
Published: May 2018

A new mode of social media-based phenomenon regarding relationship between fomo and consumption, namely fomsumerism, points out a new paradigm or point of view in terms of marketing. This article is a pioneering theoretical work as an approach from the perspective of combination of fomo and consumption. The aim of this article was to conceptualize the fomsumerism in terms of consumer behavior and to discuss this phenomenon, concept or theory. This study provides needed clarity for scholars approaching this topic. Consumption regarding fomo, fomsumerism, is depend on a sense of social media sharing and it is important to individual and social identity through shared product, service and experiences. In conclusion, this theoretical framework suggests it may be important to reveal the notion that fomsumerism in general represents the hidden patterns of consumption behavior of social media in today's world. This paper contributes to marketing theory by developing a conceptual approach that explains and offers implications pertaining to the relationship between fomo and consumption in the age of social media.
Innovation and Digital Marketing Adoption in Mexican Small Business
Authors: Noyola-Medina Adriana M. , Pinzón-Castro Sandra Y. , Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo
Published: May 2018

Today, companies are under enormous pressure to innovate (Steinhoff & Trommosdorff, 2013) due to rapid technological evolution, reduced product life cycles and globalized markets (Rovira & Tolstoy, 2016), coupled with the fact that the user is increasingly interactive with digital media, which emphasizes the fact that companies must have presence on the web to be able to cope with the current environment. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how innovation in products, processes, marketing and organization generates opportunities for efficient marketing of companies, transforming it into digital marketing. The present study was carried out in a sample of 256 companies in the state of Aguascalientes (Mexico) using the technique of structural equations modeling (SEM), where the results show positive and significant effects of the innovation on the adoption of digital marketing.