bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Strategi E-Marketing pada Pietro’s Gelato
Authors: So Idris Gautama , Fransiska Hellen , Tjoe Tjia Fie
Published: August 2017

Pietro’s Gelato is a firm producing food and beverages, in particular ice cream. This paper aims to study the marketing strategy utilized by Pietro’s Gelato and analyses its business process, information needs and problems faced by Pietro’s Gelato’s marketing department. Analysis is conducted using Porter’s analysis method, SWOT and e-marketing seven steps analysis. Literature study is conducted by collecting materials from books and internet access which will be used to fulfill additional data needs. Survey is also conducted towards Pietro’s Gelato to obtain complete data. Implementation of e-marketing strategy in the firm to enlarge marketing coverage and also to solve marketing problems in Pietro’s Gelato. It can be concluded that from the analysis conducted and also the implementation, e-marketing strategy profits the company in terms of easier product marketing and understanding market needs.
Integrasi Ekonomi Asia: Solusi Asia Menghadapi Krisis Global 2008
Authors: Hidayat Adrian
Published: August 2017

No economies throughout the region managed to escape from the "global economic crisis in 2008" that was initiated in the United States. This is a logical consequence of the global economy that has been rolling along. The world economy is increasingly becoming more integrated and interdependent with one another. Exposure stems from the economic crisis in the prolonged United States subprime mortgage financial crisis, and eventually dragged the European economy, and also Asia. The Asian region was only affected, but even if only the impact of course, was enough to overwhelm the Asian region since the crisis has a major impact on a country's foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, after the G-20 summit held in Washington on November 15, 2008, the three major Asian countries, namely China, Japan and South Korea held a summit in Fukuoka Japanese initiative, which was attended by the three heads of government. This summit was to bring fresh air for the Asian region, because in addition to having a positive impact on Asian stocks, it also provides a new self confidence that Asia has formed an alliance that would at least fortify themselves (region) with the resulting stimulus policy. This initiative to find a solution is eventually expanded, and was welcomed by ASEAN countries, known as ASEAN Plus Three. Since in Asia there is already the East Asia Summit (East Asia Summit), the negotiations and the name of the group changed into the 6 partner countries of ASEAN. These six countries are Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and India.
Strategi Experiential Marketing dan Loyalitas Merek
Authors: Tauriana Dian , Manlin Rendy
Published: August 2017

Consumer experience born from the consumption of a product or service gives a distinct impression in the minds of consumers. This impression creates brand loyalty, provided that the appropriate marketing program is designed to provide a unique experience. Article explores a study that uses primary and secondary data at Bengawan Solo Coffee to see the impact of marketing programs based on experience upon customer loyalty towards the Bengawan Solo Coffee brand. Data were collected by direct interviews of selected respondents through purposive sampling. Furthermore, those data were analyzed using several statistical methods, such as normality tests, the validity and reliability, the classic assumption test, Pearson product moment, and multiple regression. The results shows that there are significant correlation between  marketing based on experience (feel, act, and relate) towards brand loyalty. The relationship between experiential marketing (feel and relate) towards brand loyalty is low, while the experiential marketing relationship (act) is quite strong.
A new downscaling approach and its performance with bias correction and spatial disaggregation as contrast
Authors: Zhang Shaobo , Chen Fulong , He Xinlin , Liu Bing
Published: August 2017

Bias correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) is widely used in coupling general circulation models (GCMs) and hydrological models. However, there are some disadvantages in BCSD, such as only one GCM being selected, correcting biases through quantile-mapping (QM), and downscaling through interpolation. Then a combined approach of canonical correlation analysis filtering, multi-model ensemble, and extreme learning machine (ELM) regressions (CEE) was advanced. The performance of CEE and BCSD was evaluated with Manas River Basin as a study area. Results show it is unreasonable to correct biases through QM as it implies that the climate remains unchanged. Multi-model ensemble provides additional information, which is beneficial for regressions. CEE performs better than BCSD in temperature and precipitation rate downscaling. In CEE, the residual in temperature forecasting can be lower than 0.05 times temperature range and that in precipitation rate can be 0.33 times precipitation rate range. The performance of CEE in temperature downscaling in plains is better than mountainous areas, but for precipitation rate downscaling, it is better in mountainous areas. Increasing rate of temperature in the basin is 0.0254 K/decade, 0.1837 K/decade, and 0.5039 K/decade, and that of precipitation rate is 0.0028 mm/(day × decade), 0.0036 mm/(day × decade), and 0.0022 mm/(day × decade) in RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively.
Impacts of temperature and precipitation on the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in Chinese mega cities: the case of Beijing
Authors: Jia Pengpeng , Zhuang Dafang , Wang Yong
Published: August 2017

Water shortages in China have hindered development of mega cities, especially Beijing. Assessing the impact of temperature and precipitation on water resources is important. This study analyzed spatiotemporal variations and impacts of temperature and precipitation on water resources in Beijing from 1956 to 2013, using statistical and spatial analysis. The results showed the following. (1) Temperature and precipitation affect water resources variously from region to region; their correlation in mountains is lower than in other areas. Precipitation redistribution caused by terrain reduces water resources. (2) The inter-annual variabilities of precipitation, temperature and water resources are different among five water resource divisions. Because of ‘rain-slope’, Beisanhe's precipitation is larger than others; Yongdinghe's precipitation is less than others due to ‘rain-shadow’; suffering from urban heat island effect, Beisihe and Daqinghe-plain's temperature is higher than others; Beisanhe and Beisihe's water resources are greater than others due to area differences. (3) Water resources are positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature. (4) In recent years, precipitation and water resources decreased and temperature rose. Population growth, land use/land cover change, urbanization and pollution affected precipitation, temperature and water resources. Imported water cannot completely solve water shortages. With increasing water demand, precipitation and temperature will significantly influence water resources in Beijing.
Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world
Authors: Fares Ali , Bayabil Haimanote K. , Zekri Mongi , Mattos-Jr Dirceu , Awal Ripendra
Published: August 2017

Understanding how potential climate change will affect availability of water resources for citrus production globally is needed. The main goal of this study is to investigate impacts of potential future climate change on citrus irrigation requirements (IRR) in major global citrus producing regions, e.g., Africa, Asia, Australia, Mediterranean, Americas. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model was used to calculate optimum IRR for the baseline period (1986–2005) and two future periods (2055s and 2090s) subject to combination of five and seven temperature and precipitation levels, respectively. Predicted IRR show significant spatio-temporal variations across study regions. Future annual IRR are predicted to globally decrease; however, future monthly IRR showed mixed results. Future evapotranspiration and IRR are projected to decrease by up to 12 and 37%, respectively, in response to increases in CO2 concentration. Future citrus canopy interception and drainage below citrus rootzones are expected to slightly increase. Annual rainfall changes are negatively correlated with changes in IRR. These projections should help the citrus industry better understand potential climate change impacts on citrus IRR and major components of the water budget. Further studies are needed to investigate how these potential changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and IRR will affect citrus yield and its economic impact on the citrus industry.
Whatever Happened to Oral Monotherapy?
Authors: Lee John J. , Llanos Alexander , Channick Richard
Published: August 2017

Over the past 20 years, pulmonary arterial hypertension management has evolved dramatically, with development and approval of more than a dozen drugs targeted at 3 cellular pathways. Recent trials, including patients either already on background therapy or up-front combination regimens have shown benefits of combination therapy. However, some patients in these recent trials and in practice seem to benefit from a single drug approach. The role of monotherapy in PAH is reviewed in this paper.
Positioning Newer Agents: Riociguat, Selexipag, and Oral Treprostinil in the Current Landscape
Authors: Frantz Robert P.
Published: August 2017

The availability of newer oral agents for therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension entails both opportunity and uncertainty. There is the opportunity for less intrusive therapy and the potential to further lessen risk of disease progression, but there is also uncertainty regarding optimal role of these agents, concern about their expense, and risk of preventable deterioration if these agents are used in settings that clearly warrant parenteral prostanoids. Among the newer agents, the evidence is strongest for the use of the prostacyclin receptor agonist selexipag, which has been shown to reduce events in functional class II and III patients, even in the setting of background therapy with a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and an endothelin receptor antagonist. Riociguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator that has been shown to be beneficial, including in combination with an endothelin receptor antagonist, and may be a useful alternative to a PDE5 inhibitor in properly selected patients. It has also been shown to be beneficial in inoperable or residual thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Oral treprostinil has been shown to improve 6-minute walk distance as monotherapy, and has been used to transition from inhaled or parenteral treprostinil in carefully selected patients also on other agents. Herein we discuss the mechanisms of action, side effect profiles, and clinical trial data for these agents, followed by a practical approach to their use, integrating the available data with real-world experience.
Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat Prevents High-fat Diet-induced Intestinal Polyps in ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Saxena Ashish , Tammali Ravinder , Ramana Kota V. , Srivastava Satish K.
Published: August 2017

Background: Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that obesity is
a major risk factor for Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Regular intake of high fat-containing diet can promote
obesity and metabolic syndrome by increasing the insulin resistance and inflammatory response
which contribute to carcinogenesis. Previously, we have shown that inhibition of polyol
pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) prevents carcinogens- and inflammatory growth factorsinduced
CRC. However, the effect of AR inhibition on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced formation of
intestinal polyps in Apc-deficient Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia; ApcMin/+) mice is not known.

Methods: We examined the effect of AR inhibitor, fidarestat on the HFD-induced formation of preneoplastic
intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice which is an excellent model of colon cancer.

Results: APCMin/+ mice fed for 12 weeks of HFD caused a significant increase in the formation of
polyps in the small and large intestines and fidarestat given along with the HFD prevented the number
of intestinal polyps. Fidarestat also decreased the size of the polyps in the intestines of HFDtreated
APC Min mice. Further, the expression levels of beta-catenin, PCNA, PKC-β2, P-AKT, Pp65,
COX-2, and iNOS in the small and large intestines of HFD-treated mice significantly increased,
and AR inhibitor prevented it.

Conclusion: Our results thus suggest that fidarestat could be used as a potential chemopreventive
drug for intestinal cancers due to APC gene mutations.
Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talar Dome
Authors: Rungprai Chamnanni , Tennant Joshua N. , Gentry Ryan D. , Phisitkul Phinit
Published: August 2017

Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is a common condition associated with ankle injury that brings challenges in the diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms related to this condition are nonspecific including pain, swelling, stiffness, and mechanical symptoms of locking and catching. While the natural history of the OLTs is not well understood, surgical treatment is often required especially in chronic cases and acute cases with displaced articular fragments. Arthroscopic treatment of the OLTs aims to restore ankle joint function and pain relief by the removal of the chondral or osteochondral fragment, debridement and stabilization of cartilage rim and subchondral bone, and stimulate healing of the bone and damaged cartilage. In patients with a large lesion or after a failure of previous bone marrow stimulation, biologic restoration techniques including the use of particulate juvenile cartilage techniques, autogenous chondrocyte implantation, and osteochondral autograft or allograft transplantation may have role. This article summarizes the contemporary concepts in the clinical evaluation and treatment of OLTs with particular emphasis on surgical strategies.
Cadaveric Study of the Junction Point Where the Gastrocnemius Aponeurosis Joins the Soleus Aponeurosis
Authors: Lui Tun Hing , Mak Chong Yin
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To study the location of the junction point where the gastrocnemius aponeurosis joins the soleus aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon.

Methods:

Twelve lower limb specimens were used. The distance between the medial tibial plateau and the superior border of the posterior calcaneal tubercle (A) was measured and the distances of the junction point to the superior border of the posterior calcaneal tubercle (B) were measured.

Result:

The ratio B/A averaged 0.45. The gastrocnemius muscle reached or extended beyond the junction point in eight specimens (67%). The average distance from the lowest border of the muscle to the junction point was 0±12mm (-25-25).

Conclusion:

There are great anatomical variations of the gastrocnemius insertion. Resection of muscle bound portion of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis is a more appropriate approach of endoscopic gastrocnemius aponeurosis recession.

Clinical Relevance:

This report suggests that resection of muscle bound portion rather than the muscle void portion of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis is a more appropriate approach of endoscopic gastrocnemius aponeurosis recession.
Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol, and Vascular Function in CKD: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Kendrick Jessica , Andrews Emily , You Zhiying , Moreau Kerrie , Nowak Kristen L. , Farmer-Bailey Heather , Seals Douglas R. , Chonchol Michel
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives

High circulating vitamin D levels are associated with lower cardiovascular mortality in CKD, possibly by modifying endothelial function. We examined the effect of calcitriol versus cholecalciferol supplementation on vascular endothelial function in patients with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of 128 adult patients with eGFR=15–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <30 ng/ml at the University of Colorado. Participants were randomly assigned to oral cholecalciferol (2000 IU daily) or calcitriol (0.5 μg) daily for 6 months. The primary end point was change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Secondary end points included changes in circulating markers of mineral metabolism and circulating and cellular markers of inflammation.

Results

One hundred and fifteen patients completed the study. The mean (SD) age and eGFR of participants were 58±12 years old and 33.0±10.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. After 6 months, neither calcitriol nor cholecalciferol treatment resulted in a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (mean±SD percentage flow-mediated dilation; calcitriol: baseline 4.8±3.1%, end of study 5.1±3.6%; cholecalciferol: baseline 5.2±5.2%, end of study 4.7±3.6%); 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased significantly in the cholecalciferol group compared with the calcitriol group (cholecalciferol: 11.0±9.5 ng/ml; calcitriol: −0.8±4.8 ng/ml; P<0.001). Parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly in the calcitriol group compared with the cholecalciferol group (median [interquartile range]; calcitriol: −22.1 [−48.7–3.5] pg/ml; cholecalciferol: −0.3 [−22.6–16.9] pg/ml; P=0.004).

Conclusions

Six months of therapy with calcitriol or cholecalciferol did not improve vascular endothelial function or improve inflammation in patients with CKD.
Un acorde disonante: Juan Gabriel y la frontera sonora de lo gay
Authors: Caro Cocotle Guadalupe
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se analiza la figura de Alberto Aguilera, Juan Gabriel, desde una perspectiva musicológica: interesa en esta discusión proponer una serie de elementos analíticos que permitan entender cómo la vocalidad, la música y el performance de Juan Gabriel coadyuvaron a construir o reafirmar la ambigüedad sexual del cantautor. Para ello se propone utilizar el concepto de musicosexualidad. Este trabajo resulta relevante para los estudios actuales de la sexualidad desde la perspectiva de la cultura popular contemporánea. 
La sexualidad como aleph de la prisión política argentina en los años setenta
Authors: D’Antonio Débora
Published: August 2017

Me interesa en este texto trabajar la articulación de género y sexual en el campo de fuerzas que se dio en la prisión entre el Estado y las personas apresadas por razones políticas en la Argentina de los años setenta. La penalización de la condición de género y sexual en la prisión política fue utilizada como una estrategia para ultrajar, doblegar y redoblar los efectos deshumanizantes, despersonalizantes y destructivos de la estrategia represiva. La violencia ejercida en las cárceles durante este periodo muestra cómo la estructura de género reaparece constantemente para reafirmar al poder represivo. De allí que la sexualidad y el género puedan ser identificados como un aleph que permite observar a los cuerpos como territorios donde se dirimieron lógicas de poder pero también de resistencias. 
Naturaleza jurídica de la protección diplomática a la luz del desarrollo progresivo del derecho internacional: ¿derecho del Estado o de la persona humana?
Authors: Ortega Velázquez Elisa
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la naturaleza jurídica de la protección diplomática, con el fin de dilucidar si es un derecho de los Estados strictu sensu, de los individuos, o de ambos. Para ello se estudiarán los antecedentes generales de la institución; se analizará el derecho del Estado a ejercer la protección diplomática; el derecho subjetivo lesionado del individuo subyacente; se explorará si el ejercicio de la protección diplomática es un deber de los Estados, y se esbozarán cuáles son las condiciones de ejercicio de la protección diplomática. Se concluye que el verdadero desafío a la naturaleza jurídica de la protección diplomática no es la sustitución del Estado por el individuo en la titularidad del derecho principal sino el reconocimiento de que dos derechos complementarios se encuentran presentes en la institución: el derecho subjetivo sustantivo del individuo y el correlativo derecho subjetivo sustantivo de protección del Estado.
Algunas consideraciones jurídicas sobre la participación de México en las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz
Authors: Soto Crespo Camilo
Published: August 2017

El análisis de la viabilidad de la participación de México en las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas involucra aspectos jurídicos de derecho internacional y doméstico constitucional mexicano; particularmente se analizan aquellos relacionados con las condicionantes enunciadas por el presidente de la República como lineamientos de la participación mexicana, videlicet las facultades de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para crearlas, su legalidad bajo derecho internacional y doméstico mexicano, así como las relaciones entre el Poder Ejecutivo Federal y el Congreso de la Unión para su implementación.
El interés superior del niño
Authors: Torrecuadrada García-Lozano Soledad
Published: August 2017

El interés superior del niño es un principio básico en los derechos del niño. La Convención de Naciones Unidas de 1989 sobre los Derechos del Niño lo establece como derecho subjetivo de los menores de edad y como principio interpretativo de cuantas medidas potencialmente pudieran afectar directa o indirectamente a los niños. Más allá de lo establecido por la Convención, observamos que el principio del interés superior del menor es el motivo que inspira el mismo texto convencional, así como cualesquiera otras medidas protectoras de quienes aún no han alcanzado la mayoría de edad. Sin embargo, no se trata de un principio desprovisto de sombras que, como todos los que contemplan un margen de discrecionalidad, puede conducir a soluciones cuando menos discutibles.
Las inmunidades diplomáticas en el derecho comparado (México-Estados Unidos) y en el derecho internacional
Authors: Flor Patiño Imanol de la , Portilla Gómez Juan Manuel
Published: August 2017

México y Estados Unidos comparten no sólo una de las fronteras más grandes del mundo sino también instituciones jurídicas a pesar de pertenecer a distintos sistemas legales. Estados Unidos ha construido todo un régimen de inmunidades con estatutos diplomáticos y su ley de inmunidad soberana, combinados con las disposiciones de Viena. Siguiendo el fundamento constitucional estadounidense, México construye la figura de las inmunidades diplomáticas de manera poco clara. Establece desde la primera Constitución la participación del Poder Judicial en las controversias de lo que ahora se conoce como el Servicio Exterior Mexicano para en las sucesivas Constituciones referirse al cuerpo diplomático y consular. Con ello abonó a una mayor ambigüedad en esta materia y ha suscitado una práctica judicial poco consistente con una serie de interpretaciones diversas, a menudo contradictorias. México requiere de una ley de inmunidades que ordene esta materia y que conecte los preceptos constitucionales pertinentes con las normas de Viena.
Retos actuales en la implementación de la Ley sobre Refugiados y protección complementaria en México: identificación, admisión y acceso al procedimiento de asilo
Authors: Rea Granados Sergio
Published: August 2017

Este ensayo tiene por objeto analizar los retos actuales que enfrenta el Estado mexicano en materia de implementación del derecho internacional de los refugiados ante un flujo migratorio mixto en relación con la identificación, admisión y acceso al procedimiento de asilo de posibles solicitantes de la condición de refugiado.
The Close Relationship Between Serious Human Rights Violations and Crimes Against Humanity: International Criminalization of Serious Abuses
Authors: Pérez-León Acevedo Juan Pablo
Published: August 2017

This article aims to evidence both the existence of a close relationship between the notions of serious human rights violations and crimes against humanity, and how this works in international law. To do so, international legal sources such as the United Nations practice, case-law of international and hybrid criminal courts and tribunals, and case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and other human rights bodies are taken into account. Thus, this article analyses how these and other international sources have examined the above-mentioned relationship, i.e., inter alia the similarities and differences between serious human rights abuses and the legal objective and subjective elements of crimes against humanity. Accordingly, it is found that, although some differences exist, the notion of serious human rights violations underlies the legal concept of crimes against humanity. In turn, this is linked to the relationship between those two categories of international law.
Los crímenes de genocidio, lesa humanidad y de guerra. Notas para su incorporación a la legislación mexicana
Authors: Villarreal Palos Arturo
Published: August 2017

De la firma del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional por parte de México, derivan compromisos implícitos y explícitos que es necesario cumplir. De una parte, la obligación de tipificar, en el ámbito interno, los delitos competencia de la Corte y, de la otra, la obligación explícita de contar con disposiciones internas que permitan sancionar los delitos cometidos contra la administración de justicia en procedimientos efectuados en la Corte o en conexión con ella y que también permitan asegurar los procedimientos aplicables a todas las formas de cooperación previstas en el Estatuto. El presente trabajo explora las diversas formas en que los Estados han procurado cumplir con estas obligaciones y propone las vías que serían más factibles en el caso de México, haciendo especial referencia los crímenes de genocidio, lesa humanidad y de guerra.
La adopción de la Declaración Americana sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas: un análisis crítico desde el punto de vista de los derechos ambientales
Authors: Gouritin Armelle , Aguilar Adriana
Published: August 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo responder la pregunta de si la Declaración Americana sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, adoptada el 14 de junio de 2016, ayuda a fortalecer la relación entre los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas y la protección del medio ambiente. Asimismo, este artículo intenta establecer si la Declaración ayuda de forma efectiva a la integración de un marco legal coherente sobre los derechos humanos, el medio ambiente, y los pueblos indígenas dentro de la Organización de los Estados Americanos. El presente análisis demuestra, en relación con la teoría de la fragmentación, que la Declaración tiene la posibilidad de generar una integración efectiva de los derechos humanos de los indígenas y la protección del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, la actuación deficiente de las autoridades jurisdiccionales como mecanismos de protección e integración limita su alcance. Además, la Declaración confirma el status quo en lo que respecta a las exigencias del consentimiento de los pueblos indígenas para la protección del medio ambiente.
Inversiones y solución de controversias: el proyecto dentro de la Unasur y propuestas alternativas
Authors: Echaide Javier
Published: August 2017

La región sudamericana es la más afectada en el mundo en materia de demandas arbitrales referentes a inversiones privadas. El foro más acudido en la materia es el CIADI, dependiente del Banco Mundial, sin embargo, no es el único. En nuestra región, se ha venido avanzando en negociaciones sobre un mecanismo de solución de controversias dentro de la Unasur. El siguiente es un trabajo centrado en algunos aspectos problemáticos del régimen de protección de inversiones y del sistema de arbitraje y su comparación con proyectos para la creación de un Centro de Solución de Controversias en Materia de Inversiones de la Unasur, actualmente en negociación.
Alliance du Pacifique: enjeu de l’esthétique de la résolution des différends
Authors: Thiel Méryl
Published: August 2017

Le régionalisme latino-américain, qu’il soit analysé à travers les sciences politiques ou le droit international, intrigue et interroge: entre universalisation et fragmentation, comment comprendre les relations inter-systémiques ? Ou, autrement dit, comment démêler le spaghetti bowl latino américain au regard de la multiplication des intégrations régionales et du projet universaliste de l’OMC? L’Alliance du Pacifique (AP), initiée en 2011 par le Chili, la Colombie, le Mexique et le Pérou se présente comme une réponse possible. Le présent article propose d’analyser le mécanisme embryonnaire de règlement des différends de L’AP à la lumière du critère kantien d’efficacité.
El reconocimiento de nuevos Estados como sujetos en la ciencia del derecho internacional a partir de la deflagración de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: abordajes doctrinarios de la Convención de Montevideo a la “Opinión Consultiva Kosovo” (1933-2010)
Authors: Dal Ri Júnior Arno , Carnesella Gustavo
Published: August 2017

El ensayo estudia el reconocimiento de Estados, evaluando su repercusión en la comunidad internacional. En primer lugar, el estudio busca mapear la teoría y explicar su itinerario histórico. Observa la práctica de los Estados sobre el reconocimiento y las normas internacionales que definen los requisitos de un Estado, como la Convención de Montevideo. En ese contexto, investiga el fenómeno de la fragmentación de la subjetividad internacional de los Estados y sus efectos sobre el surgimiento de nuevos entes territoriales. Finalmente, a la luz del Caso Kosovo y de la Opinión Consultiva de la Corte Internacional de Justicia, comprende que el reconocimiento de nuevos Estados es regido por normas que no son plenamente seguidas por los miembros de la comunidad internacional.
Interpretation and Application of International Legal Obligation in a National Legal System: Taking Seriously Benefit Sharing from the Utilization of Genetic Resources in India
Authors: Peña Neira Sergio
Published: August 2017

In taking seriously the interpretation and application of international obligations on sharing of benefits equitably on genetic resources, India has decided for a law, rules and guidelines to define equitableness as well as a “case by case” assessment. In doing so, lessons from various cases in which (un)successfully benefits have been shared as well as the rule of application of Article 15.7 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (rules should be enacted as well as policies and “other measures”) were considered in a national Act on this subject. The process of law creation as a consequence of incorporation, therefore, is a dual process: interpretation (of a general international legal rule to determine specifically the national requirements to fulfil vague terms used in the rule) and, at the same time, application of these international rules (by enacting national legal rules defining the objects of legal regulation established by the treaty). Interpretation and application of article 15.7 in India has been defined ruling beyond obligation establishing legal objects and subjects, equitableness, fairness of sharing benefits and standards for a final amount, basically, detailing legal requirements and defining “equity” and “justice” as distribution, synallagma and procedure.
Protocolo de Nagoya: desafíos originados a partir de un texto complejo, ambiguo y controversial
Authors: Silvestri Luciana Carla
Published: August 2017

El Protocolo de Nagoya sobre acceso a los recursos genéticos y participación justa y equitativa en los beneficios que se deriven de su utilización podría ayudar a lograr varios objetivos, entre ellos: a) conservar la diversidad genética; b) achicar la brecha tecnológica existente entre el Norte y el Sur y c) compensar a las comunidades indígenas y locales por el uso de su conocimiento tradicional en relación con la utilización de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, el texto del acuerdo, de carácter complejo, ambiguo y controversial, crea serios desafíos de cara a su implementación. Esta investigación destaca tres: (1) la complejidad, dinamismo y polémica de su ámbito material, (2) las dudas sobre su grado de retroactividad y (3) los problemas que suscita la elección y configuración de las medidas de cumplimiento en relación con su efectividad. Luego de analizar cada reto y aportar algunos elementos aclaratorios sobre ellos, se adelantan posibles soluciones a fin de facilitar la implementación del Protocolo.
Reconfiguración de la relación entre el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho nacional sobre la base del principio de subsidiariedad
Authors: González Domínguez Pablo
Published: August 2017

Este artículo argumenta que el principio de subsidiariedad es una herramienta conceptual sólida para entender la relación entre el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho nacional. La subsidiariedad permite superar las insuficiencias de las teorías del monismo y el dualismo para explicar esta relación, pues se trata de un principio con la suficiente flexibilidad para mediar la tensión inherente que resulta de la existencia de normas universales en materia de derechos humanos, y la vigencia de principios como la soberanía del Estado y la autodeterminación constitucional. El artículo sostiene que la libertad que goza un Estado para determinar el alcance de los derechos humanos a nivel nacional depende fundamentalmente del nivel de protección a la dignidad humana reconocido por el derecho de los tratados.
La gobernanza de los recursos marinos vivos a través del derecho internacional
Authors: Aranda Girard Ricardo , Rodríguez Santibáñez Iliana
Published: August 2017

La agenda internacional de protección al medio ambiente involucra la gestión de diferentes recursos naturales, los cuales se pueden encontrar tanto en el aire, como en la tierra o en los océanos. Por esta razón, desde hace ya varios años, el ser humano se ha preocupado por la manera en que se puede hacer un uso sostenible de los recursos marinos vivos. Este tema cobra aún más importancia por las implicaciones socioeconómicas que tiene el aprovechamiento de los acervos pesqueros ubicados a lo largo del planeta, los cuales no necesariamente se ubican confinados en las aguas territoriales o las zonas económicas exclusivas de los diferentes países. En este trabajo, se describe la situación actual de los recursos marinos vivos y la vinculación que guardan con el desarrollo económico de las diferentes sociedades, para dar paso a una breve descripción sobre las maneras en que el ser humano ha decidido gestionar dichos recursos. A partir de dicha descripción, se revisa con detalle uno de los esquemas de gestión: las Organizaciones Regionales de Ordenación Pesquera, a la luz de cinco elementos específicos.
Los desafíos del uso de la fuerza en el ciberespacio
Authors: Llorens María Pilar
Published: August 2017

La mayor dependencia de los Estados de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación y consecuentemente su mayor vulnerabilidad ha provocado que la ciberseguridad se convierta en uno de los principales tópicos de debate de la comunidad internacional. En este aspecto, es de trascendental importancia la determinación del modo en que las normas del ius ad bellum, es decir, el conjunto de normas que regulan la utilización de la fuerza en el contexto internacional, se aplican en el ámbito del ciberespacio. En el presente trabajo se exploran las principales aristas que presenta esta problemática.
Clinical Pharmacist Faculty Contribution to Evidence-Based Medicine and Milestones
Authors: Moon Jean , Lounsbery Jody , Hall Amie , Ballard Stephanie L. , Owens Nicholas , Slattengren Andrew
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Family medicine residency programs (FMRPs) endeavor to meet evidence-based medicine (EBM) subcompetencies through the milestones project. Comprehensive descriptions of clinical pharmacists’ contributions in teaching EBM within the context of residency are limited.  Methods: Over a study period of 2 months, clinical pharmacists across five FMRPs in four states were invited to track their interactions with physician residents. EBM resources, skills, and targeted milestone data were collected. Pharmacists also quantified their nonpatient care contributions to EBM.  Results: Of the 16 clinical pharmacists invited, 16 (100%) participated in the October and 12 (75.0%) in the March collection period. A total of 598.9 half days over 2 months (42 working days) of available teaching time were reported. The tracking tool captured 1,253 EBM teaching encounters with a total average of 2.1 encounters per half day. Of those encounters, point-of-care references were most commonly used (63.7%) and “apply” was the most common EBM skill taught (83.8%). The most commonly tracked milestone was Medical Knowledge 2 (75.3%) at Level 2. Nine out of 10 faculty pharmacists included in this study reported performing the following roles: preceptor (100%), lecturer (89.9%), provider (77.8%), expert/consultant (77.8%), health care team (66.7%), and other (11.1%). Faculty pharmacists also reported directly evaluating milestones for physician residents through: committee work (44.4%), resident evaluations (77.8%), and rotation evaluations (77.8%).  Conclusions: As FMRPs strive to meet ACGME EBM-related competencies, clinical pharmacists across multiple sites demonstrated contributions to teaching EBM in medical resident education. Using a nonphysician faculty for this purpose may provide an example for other FMRPs.
CATIMBÓ E JUREMA: UMA RECUPERAÇÃO E UMA ANÁLISE DOS OLHARES PIONEIROS
Authors: Sampaio Dilaine Soares
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: A Jurema e o Catimbó, religiões inicialmente presentes no norte e nordeste brasileiro, embora atualmente já se mostrem transnacionalizadas, não receberam a mesma atenção dos autores pioneiros mais conhecidos do campo de estudos afro-brasileiros, como Nina Rodrigues (1900, 1932), Artur Ramos (1934, 1935), Edison Carneiro (1937, 1948) e Roger Bastide (1945). Devido à concentração dos estudos na tradição jeje-nagô, o interesse pelo Catimbó/Jurema se mostrou ainda mais tardio se comparado às demais religiões afro-brasileiras, pois os primeiros estudos apareceram somente nos anos 30, com autores que se encontravam fora da linhagem denominada de “estudos africanistas”, como Mario de Andrade (1933), um dos grandes nomes do Modernismo brasileiro. A partir do exposto, este trabalho tem como objetivo recuperar, fazer um mapeamento, e analisar os olhares dos autores pioneiros sobre a Jurema e o Catimbó, com intuito de contribuir no preenchimento de uma das lacunas deste campo de estudos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jurema; Catimbó; autores pioneiros.
MENDONÇA, JOÊZER. MÚSICA E RELIGIÃO NA ERA DO POP. CURITIBA: EDITORA APPRIS, 2014.
Authors: De Aguiar Taylor
Published: August 2017

Resenha.
La Antropología de la Religión: una ciencia infiel
Authors: Viotti Nicolás
Published: August 2017

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Expediente
Authors: - -
Published: August 2017

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GRAVITY IMAGING AT NORTHERN PARANÁ BASIN: AIRBORNE GRAVITY DATA ANALYSIS AND FORWARD MODELING SIMULATIONS
Authors: Cunha Alan De Souza , Adriano Leandro Barros , Perosi Fábio André , Cabrera Marlon Hidalgo-Gato , Adriano Manuela Da Silva , La Terra Emanuele Francesco , Fontes Sergio Luis , Silva Daniel Santos
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT. The geophysical imaging of sub-basalt targets is still the main objective of the current exploratory efforts at Paran´a Basin, Brazil. The Serra Geral Formation represents a singular challenge in world’s geology that consists in performing geophysical investigation under a thick basalt layer. Through the forward modeling of standard reference models, supported by the idea to simulate the gravity response of the basin in a virtual environment,...Keywords: 3D simulation, complex synthetic model, sub-basalt targets. RESUMO. O imageamento de prospectos sub-basalto ainda é o principal objetivo dos projetos exploratórios na Bacia do Paraná, Brasil. A Formação Serra Geral representa um desafio singular da geologia global que consiste em executar a investigação geofísica abaixo de uma espessa camada de basaltos. Atrav´és de modelagem direta de modelos consagrados da bacia, embasada pela ideia de simular a resposta gravimétrica da bacia em um ambiente virtual,...Palavras-chave: simulação 3D, modelo sintético complexo, prospectos sub-basalto.
Urban green areas planning and development: An assessment of general urban plans of the City of Nis
Authors: Djekic Jelena , Dinic-Brankovic Milena , Mitkovic Petar , Igic Milica , Mitkovic Mihailo
Published: August 2017

Urban green areas have multiple roles in cities and to a large extent they
determine the quality and livability of urban space. The process of
urbanization has led to an increase in construction in cities and reduction
of open public spaces, especially green areas. Planning of urban green areas
is an integral part of urban planning, thus changes in planning and
development of urban green areas can be observed through urban planning
documents. The main question is whether the loss of green areas is a
consequence of non-compliance with plans, or the reason for this lies in the
method of planning of green areas. In order to answer this question the paper
discusses: functions, standards and classification of urban green areas in
general, and their use in two successive general urban plans of the city of
Nis in the last twenty years, as a prerequisite for the development of green
areas in accordance with growing need for green areas in the city.
Evaluation model of the quality of theater locations: Case study - Novi Sad, Serbia
Authors: Vukajlov Ljiljana , Milinkovic Aleksandra , Brkljac Dijana , Dobrivojevic Olivera
Published: August 2017

With the development of information technologies and weakening of the
economic power of citizens in the Republic of Serbia, interest in classical
theater has decreased. As a result of their reduced activity, theater
facilities are gradually deteriorating, and some are being adapted while
others are being closed. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the
quality of significant urban parameters, to observe the possibilities for
improvement of the functioning of theaters, and to propose concrete measures
for revitalization of their surroundings. The efficiency and validity of a
defined research methodology were tested on three representative examples,
the Serbian National Theater, the Youth Theater, and the Novi Sad Theater,
located in Novi Sad in Serbia. Upon recognition of the current state of the
spatial, physical, functional and ecological conditions of the areas
surrounding the representative theaters, the current problems were recorded,
and measures are proposed that would be necessary for the theaters?
revitalization.
Skin tags associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sari Funda , Inci Ayca , Dolu Suleyman , Sari Ramazan
Published: August 2017

Introduction/Objective. Both chronic kidney disease and skin tags are associated with similar cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin tags in patients with chronic kidney disease, and to assess the relationship between skin tags and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Methods. We evaluated 358 patients [149 (41.6%) female and 209 (58.1%) male, 197 (55%) predialytic and 161 (45%) dialytic] with chronic kidney disease. All the patients were examined for skin tags by the same clinician, and evaluated for body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results. Skin tags were detected in 199 (55%) patients. Prevalence of skin tags was higher in males than in females (p = 0.041) and was also higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic ones (p = 0.013). Body mass index was higher in patients with skin tags when compared to patients without skin tags (p = 0.047). Skin tags were detected in 48.3% of normal, in 58% of overweight, and in 66% of obese patients (p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of skin tags is merely related to male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Dosimetric comparison of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Klisarovska Violeta , Smichkoska Snezhana , Chakalaroski Petar , Krstevska Valentina , Dimitrovska Nadica , Stefanovski Zoran , Lazarova Emilija
Published: August 2017

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to dosimetric comparison of
two-dimensional (2D) with three-dimensional (3D) planning for high-dose-rate
intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in locally advanced cervical cancer by
dose evaluation in given International Commission on Radiation Units and
Measurements (ICRU) reference points, as well as in target volume and organs
at risk (OAR). Methods. 66 sessions of HDR-BT were performed in 22 patients,
with 3D planning, but also virtual 2D plan for dosimetric comparison was
made. 2D planning was performed on radiography obtained by C-arm in ICRU
points, while 3D planning in volumes delineated on computer tomography.
Results. The comparative analysis has indicated a significant mean dose
difference of point ?A? left (p=0.00014) and right (p=0.003), through higher
doses in 2D and lower doses in 3D reconstructed points "A". According to the
dose volume histograms 56.88% and 61.41% mean target volume received 100% and
90% of prescribed dose, respectively. 2D bladder analysis showed a mean dose
of 3.487 Gy in ICRU point, while in 3D analysis a maximum mean dose of 8.804
Gy and mean dose of 4.716 Gy in 2ccm volume. 2D analysis showed rectal mean
dose of 2.892 Gy in ICRU points, while 3D analysis maximum mean dose of 6.411
Gy and 3.947 Gy mean dose in 2ccm volume. Conclusion. 2D planning showed
unreal higher doses in the ICRU points for the target and lower doses for the
OAR.
Pediatric renal stone disease
Authors: Peco-Antic Amira
Published: August 2017

Pediatric renal stone disease is manifested as nephro/urolithiasis (UL)
and/or nephrocalcinosis (NC). Compared to adults, UL in childhood is less
common, and it is believed to be around 5% in industrialized countries, while
the incidence of NC is even lower except for critically ill premature infants
in whom it may reach 64%. The formation of UL and NC is caused by increased
concentration of relevant solutes, and their aggregations and adherence to
the renal tubules cell is facilitated by factors such as urine pH, inability
of natural crystallization inhibitors, stasis of urine as well as renal
tubule damage. UL is associated with significant morbidity because of pains,
susceptibility to urinary tract obstruction and infections, and the necessity
of surgical procedures. NC is usually asymptomatic but is frequently
progressive, and more often than UL, leads to chronic renal failure. Although
other imaging modalities can be used in the diagnosis of renal stone disease,
ultrasound has the least risk and is most cost-effective. The majority cases
of UL and NC in children are of metabolic origin and thus they are prone to
recurrence and may cause chronic renal damage. Therefore, they deserve, even
after their initial presentation a detailed metabolic evaluation. Genetic
source of renal stone disease is suspected in the following conditions: early
onset, familial prevalence, familial consanguinity, multiple or recurrent
stones, and NC. For all UL/NC etiologies early identification and
personalized treatment of the basic disorder is the most important.