bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute gastrointestinal permeability after traumatic brain injury in mice precedes a bloom in Akkermansia muciniphila supported by intestinal hypoxia
Authors: DeSana Anthony J. , Estus Steven , Barrett Terrence A. , Saatman Kathryn E.
Published: February 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases gastrointestinal morbidity and associated mortality. Clinical and preclinical studies implicate gut dysbiosis as a consequence of TBI and an amplifier of brain damage. However, little is known about the association of gut dysbiosis with structural and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract after an isolated TBI. To assess gastrointestinal dysfunction, mice received a controlled cortical impact or sham brain injury and intestinal permeability was assessed at 4 h, 8 h, 1 d, and 3 d after injury by oral administration of 4 kDa FITC Dextran prior to euthanasia. Quantification of serum fluorescence revealed an acute, short-lived increase in permeability 4 h after TBI. Despite transient intestinal dysfunction, no overt morphological changes were evident in the ileum or colon across timepoints from 4 h to 4 wks post-injury. To elucidate the timeline of microbiome changes after TBI, 16 s gene sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from fecal samples collected prior to and over the first month after TBI. Differential abundance analysis revealed that the phylum Verrucomicrobiota was increased at 1, 2, and 3 d after TBI. The Verrucomicrobiota species was identified by qPCR as Akkermansia muciniphila, an obligate anaerobe that resides in the intestinal mucus bilayer and produces short chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate) utilized by intestinal epithelial cells. We postulated that TBI promotes intestinal changes favorable for the bloom of A. muciniphila. Consistent with this premise, the relative area of mucus-producing goblet cells in the medial colon was significantly increased at 1 d after injury, while colon hypoxia was significantly increased at 3 d. Our findings reveal acute gastrointestinal functional changes coupled with an increase of beneficial bacteria suggesting a potential compensatory response to systemic stress after TBI.
Application of frass from black soldier fly larvae treatment of cattle dung in pulp and papermaking
Authors: Sun Hao-Chen , Lai Yu-Hsun , Shyu Jiann-Gwo , Perng Yuan-Shing
Published: February 2024

Cattle dung treatments in Taiwan have developed a process called Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment, which can digest cow dung and generate the frass (larvae drops), the residue fiber in cow dung. This study aims to assess frass for its potential in pulp and papermaking, considering its chemical compositions, appearance, and fiber morphology, and also evaluate its suitability for pulping by soda method to create added value. The frass exhibits favorable material properties for pulping and papermaking, including a high holocellulose (67.37%) and α-cellulose (48.00%) content, along with a lower ash content (4.61%); the microstructure and surface mesoporous pores benefit for pulping; and the nonwood-fiber-like fiber morphology. The pulping experiment shows that 7% NaOH and 75 min of pulping conditions result in proper disintegration of fiber, and the highest accepts ratio (34.06%). The NaOH causes fiber disintegration during pulping, resulting in a higher strength property of the handsheet. The frass pulp blended with TOCC can achieve the ring crush index standards required for cardboard products. In summary, the frass from BSFL treatment of cattle dung can be utilized in pulp and papermaking to enhance circular utilization value.
SCALING: plug-n-play device-free indoor tracking
Authors: Xie Zongxing , Ye Fan
Published: February 2024

24/7 continuous recording of in-home daily trajectories is informative for health status assessment (e.g., monitoring Alzheimer’s, dementia based on behavior patterns). Indoor device-free localization/tracking are ideal because no user efforts on wearing devices are needed. However, prior work mainly focused on improving the localization accuracy. They relied on well-calibrated sensor placements, which require hours of intensive manual setup and respective expertise, feasible only at small scale and by mostly researchers themselves. Scaling the deployments to tens or hundreds of real homes, however, would incur prohibitive manual efforts, and become infeasible for layman users. We presentSCALING, a plug-and-play indoor trajectory monitoring system that layman users can easily set up by walking a one-minute loop trajectory after placing radar nodes on walls. It uses a self calibrating algorithm that estimates sensor locations through their distance measurements to the person walking the trajectory, a trivial effort without taxing layman users physically or cognitively. We evaluateSCALINGvia simulations and two testbeds (in lab and home configurations of sizes 3$$\times$$×6 sq m and 4.5$$\times$$×8.5 sq m). Experimental results demonstrate thatSCALINGoutperformed the baseline using the approximate multidimensional scaling (MDS, the most relevant method in the context of self calibration) by 3.5 m/1.6 m in 80-percentile error of self calibration and tracking, respectively. Notably, only 1% degradation in performance has been observed withSCALINGcompared to the classical multilateration with known sensor locations (anchors), which costs hours of intensive calibrating effort. In addition, we conduct Monte Carlo experiments to numerically analyze the impact of sensor placements and develop practical guidelines for deployment in real life scenarios.
Effectiveness of early treatment with plasma exchange in patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Senda Atsushi , Fushimi Kiyohide
Published: February 2024

Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are potentially fatal medical conditions that lack established treatment. Therapeutic plasma exchange (PE) is a potential treatment option; however, its effectiveness is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PE in patients with SJS/TEN. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Japanese National Administrative Claims database from 2016 to 2021. The analysis included 256 patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN who were admitted to the intensive care unit, of whom 38 received PE and 218 did not. The outcomes of patients who did and did not receive PE within the first 24 h of admission were compared. The risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the PE group compared with those of the no-PE group were as follows: in-hospital mortality, 0.983 (0.870–1.155); 30-day mortality rate, 1.057 (0.954–1.217); 50-day mortality rate, 1.023 (0.916–1.186); and length of hospital stay, 1.163 (0.762–1.365). This study does not provide evidence of a benefit of PE in reducing mortality or length of hospital stay in patients with severe SJS/TEN.
Sterile inflammation via TRPM8 RNA-dependent TLR3-NF-kB/IRF3 activation promotes antitumor immunity in prostate cancer
Authors: Alaimo Alessandro , Genovesi Sacha , Annesi Nicole , De Felice Dario , Subedi Saurav , Macchia Alice , La Manna Federico , Ciani Yari , Vannuccini Federico , Mugoni Vera , Notarangelo Michela , Libergoli Michela , Broso Francesca , Taulli Riccardo , Ala Ugo , Savino Aurora , Cortese Martina , Mirzaaghaei Somayeh , Poli Valeria , Bonapace Ian Marc , Papotti Mauro Giulio , Molinaro Luca , Doglioni Claudio , Caffo Orazio , Anesi Adriano , Nagler Michael , Bertalot Giovanni , Carbone Francesco Giuseppe , Barbareschi Mattia , Basso Umberto , Dassi Erik , Pizzato Massimo , Romanel Alessandro , Demichelis Francesca , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna , Lunardi Andrea
Published: February 2024

Inflammation is a common condition of prostate tissue, whose impact on carcinogenesis is highly debated. Microbial colonization is a well-documented cause of a small percentage of prostatitis cases, but it remains unclear what underlies the majority of sterile inflammation reported. Here, androgen- independent fluctuations of PSA expression in prostate cells have lead us to identify a prominent function of the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 (TRPM8) gene in sterile inflammation. Prostate cells secret TRPM8 RNA into extracellular vesicles (EVs), which primes TLR3/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory signaling after EV endocytosis by epithelial cancer cells. Furthermore, prostate cancer xenografts expressing a translation-defective form of TRPM8 RNA contain less collagen type I in the extracellular matrix, significantly more infiltrating NK cells, and larger necrotic areas as compared to control xenografts. These findings imply sustained, androgen-independent expression of TRPM8 constitutes as a promoter of anticancer innate immunity, which may constitute a clinically relevant condition affecting prostate cancer prognosis.
mRNA nuclear retention reduces AMPAR expression and promotes autistic behavior in UBE3A-overexpressing mice
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yu Feiyuan , Yun Eunice , Lin Jen-Wei , Man Heng-Ye
Published: February 2024

UBE3A is a common genetic factor in ASD etiology, and transgenic mice overexpressing UBE3A exhibit typical autistic-like behaviors. Because AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is considered one of the primary cellular mechanisms in ASD pathology, we investigate here the involvement of AMPARs in UBE3A-dependent ASD. We show that expression of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit is decreased in UBE3A-overexpressing mice, and that AMPAR-mediated neuronal activity is reduced. GluA1 mRNA is trapped in the nucleus of UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, suppressing GluA1 protein synthesis. Also, SARNP, an mRNA nuclear export protein, is downregulated in UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, causing GluA1 mRNA nuclear retention. Restoring SARNP levels not only rescues GluA1 mRNA localization and protein expression, but also normalizes neuronal activity and autistic behaviors in mice overexpressing UBE3A. These findings indicate that SARNP plays a crucial role in the cellular and behavioral phenotypes of UBE3A-induced ASD by regulating nuclear mRNA trafficking and protein translation of a key AMPAR subunit.
A COX2-targeting cancer-specific fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide detection in living cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish
Authors: Yuan Fengying , Zhao Qiao , Zeng Yanyan , Liao Xu Fang , Li Jiali , Liu Bo , Kou Jun Feng , Zhong Xiaolin , Wu Xiang Hua , Zhang Jun Feng , Ren Wen Xiu
Published: February 2024

A novel H2S-activated cancer-specific fluorescent probe COX2-H2S was rationally developed, with naphthalimide as the fluorophore and indomethacin as the targeting unit, for the imaging determination of H2S in living cells, C. elegans, and zebrafish.
Visible-light-mediated direct C3 alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using alkanes
Authors: Niu Kai-Kai , Cui Jing , Dong Rui-Zhi , Yu Shengsheng , Liu Hui , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: February 2024

Visible-light-mediated C–H alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using trifluoroacetic acid as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent under metal- and photocatalyst-free conditions is reported.
Elucidation of protein–ligand interactions by multiple trajectory analysis methods
Authors: Wu Nian , Zhang Ruotian , Peng Xingang , Fang Lincan , Chen Kai , Jestilä Joakim S.
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive trajectory analysis methods (RMSD, PLIP, MM/PBSA) reveal the interaction between proteins and ligands.
Al-MOF-derived porous carbon-modified Pt/C catalyst for constructing a high-performance super fuel cell via an ORR + EDLC parallel-discharge mechanism
Authors: Zhao Jianjun , Liu Nana , Sun Yanzhi , Pan Junqing
Published: February 2024

An Al-MOF-derived porous carbon-modified Pt/C catalyst is proposed as a new capacitive ORR catalyst to construct a super fuel cell via an ORR + EDLC dual-discharge parallel process.
Green electrochemical nanosensor platform design for mexiletine detection based on Citrus reticulata peel-mediated iron nanoparticles and quantum dots and investigation of the adsorption mechanism by the DFT-D3 method
Authors: Kucuk Ipek , Kanbes-Dindar Cigdem , Unal Didem Nur , Bozal-Palabiyik Burcin , Karayel Arzu , Uslu Bengi
Published: February 2024

Green nanoparticle production is widespread, dependable, affordable, and ecologically beneficial.
A cationic detergent based dye supramolecular assembly as a unique turn-on probe for ATP quantification
Authors: Hasan Fazil Fakhrul , Jonnalgadda Padma Nilaya , Gadly Trilochan , Chakraborty Goutam
Published: February 2024

Cationic CTAB as a mediator for the quantification of ATP using GEM-DNS fluorogenic probe.
Photonic post-processing of a multi-material transparent conductive electrode architecture for optoelectronic device integration
Authors: Gerlein Luis Felipe , Benavides-Guerrero Jaime Alberto , Cloutier Sylvain G.
Published: February 2024

Photonic postprocess of multimaterial, highly conductive transparent electrodes. Separate annealing of AgNWs and crystallization of a TiO2 layer atop are proved. This novelty processing results in two opposing types of materials: nanowires and titania being transformed atop a PET substrate.
Preparation of Fe-BN-C catalysts derived from ZIF-8 and their performance in the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ma Jialu , Zhang Wei , Yang Feng , Zhang Yingge , Xu Xiaojun , Liu Guipeng , Xu Huiyu , Liu Gaochong , Wang Zhihui , Pei Supeng
Published: February 2024

The nanostructured Fe-BN-C as high-efficiency ORR catalysts were prepared by a facile process.
Few-layer black phosphorus enables nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Garnes-Portolés Francisco , Lloret Vicent , Vidal-Moya José Alejandro , Löffler Mario , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Cerón-Carrasco Jose Pedro , Abellán Gonzalo , Leyva-Pérez Antonio
Published: February 2024

Nitrogen fixation occurs spontaneously during the oxidation of elemental phosphorus under ambient conditions, although in low extent (<0.01 wt%). However, this discovery could have implications in the chemistry of these two basic elements.
Semi-synthesis, α-amylase inhibition, and kinetic and molecular docking studies of arylidene-based sesquiterpene coumarins isolated from Ferula tunetana Pomel ex Batt
Authors: Baccari Wiem , Saidi Ilyes , Filali Insaf , Znati Mansour , Lazrag Houda , Tounsi Moncef , Marchal Axel , Waffo-Teguo Pierre , Ben Jannet Hichem
Published: February 2024

Despite all the significant progress made to enhance the efficacy of the existing bank of drugs used to manage and cure type II diabetes mellitus, there is still a need to explore novel, effective bioactive compounds with fewer side effects.
Metal-free synthesis of γ-ketosulfones through Brønsted acid-promoted conjugate addition of sulfinamides
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Kayal Sami , Drège Emmanuelle , Joseph Delphine
Published: February 2024

An atom-economical and operationally simple method for synthesising γ-keto- and γ-hydroxy-sulfones has been developed using sulfinamides as the sulfur source. The mild reaction conditions used are compatible with a variety of Michael acceptors.
Modification of nanodiamonds for fluorescence bioimaging
Authors: Fryer Claudia , Murray Patricia , Zhang Haifei
Published: February 2024

Detonated and milled nanodiamonds are modified with a fluorescent perylene diimide. The resulting nanodiamonds show enhanced fluorescence, good biocompatibility & uptake by mesenchyml stromal cells, and high fluorescence imaging quality.
Unusual catalytic strategy by non-heme Fe(ii)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent aspartyl hydroxylase AspH
Authors: Krishnan Anandhu , Waheed Sodiq O. , Varghese Ann , Cherilakkudy Fathima Hameed , Schofield Christopher J. , Karabencheva-Christova Tatyana G.
Published: February 2024

The second coordination sphere, Asp721, participates in a hydrogen bond with an iron-coordinated water molecule, thus compensating for the missing facial triad carboxylate in AspH and enabling stereoselective C–H oxidation.
Overview of imidazole-based fluorescent materials with hybridized local and charge transfer and hot-exciton pathway characteristics in excited states
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Thakur Diksha
Published: February 2024

Imidazole-based organic fluorophores with HLCT characteristics in excited states.
Luminescent solvent-free liquids based on Schiff-base boron difluoride complexes with polyethylene glycol chains
Authors: Ikeshita Masahiro , Ichinose Miku , Tsuno Takashi
Published: February 2024

Multi-colour luminescent solvent-free liquids were developed based on boron difluoride complexes with N-PEGylated Schiff-base ligands.
Engineering organelle-specific activatable molecules for ultra-fast and reliable in situ mapping of subcellular nitric oxide
Authors: Sun Lixin , Wang Xinyu , Chen Rui , Dong Xuemei , Sun Jie , Dong Chengjun , Xie Haijiao , Gu Xianfeng , Zhao Chunchang
Published: February 2024

A series of subcellular targeted probes with hypersensitivity (reaction time <60 s, detection limit at the nmol level) to nitric oxide (NO) were developed to map NO fluctuations at the subcellular level.
Photocatalytic cyclization of 3-(2-isocyanophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones for the construction of quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolinones
Authors: Wu Xian , Liu Lingli , Xiang Chengli , Yu Jin-Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: February 2024

3-(2-Isocyanophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were designed and synthesized as new building units for the construction of novel quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolinones under mild, photocatalytic and metal-free conditions.
Copper-catalyzed carbonylative multi-component borylamidation of alkenes for synthesizing γ-boryl amides with CO as both methylene and carbonyl sources
Authors: Geng Hui-Qing , Zhao Yan-Hua , Yang Peng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2024

A copper-catalyzed multi-component borylamidation for the synthesis of γ-boryl amides has been developed.
Beneficial effects of simultaneously targeting calorie intake and calorie efficiency in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Chen Sing-Young , Telfser Aiden J. , Olzomer Ellen M. , Vancuylenberg Calum S. , Zhou Mingyan , Beretta Martina , Li Catherine , Alexopoulos Stephanie J. , Turner Nigel , Byrne Frances L. , Santos Webster L. , Hoehn Kyle L.
Published: February 2024

Semaglutide is an anti-diabetes and weight loss drug that decreases food intake, slows gastric emptying, and increases insulin secretion. Patients begin treatment with low-dose semaglutide and increase dosage over time as efficacy plateaus. With increasing dosage, there is also greater incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. One reason for the plateau in semaglutide efficacy despite continued low food intake is due to compensatory actions whereby the body becomes more metabolically efficient to defend against further weight loss. Mitochondrial uncoupler drugs decrease metabolic efficiency, therefore we sought to investigate the combination therapy of semaglutide with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 in diet-induced obese mice. Mice were fed high-fat western diet (WD) and stratified into six treatment groups including WD control, BAM15, low-dose semaglutide without or with BAM15, and high-dose semaglutide without or with BAM15. Combining BAM15 with either semaglutide dose decreased body fat and liver triglycerides, which was not achieved by any monotherapy, while high-dose semaglutide with BAM15 had the greatest effect on glucose homeostasis. This study demonstrates a novel approach to improve weight loss without loss of lean mass and improve glucose control by simultaneously targeting energy intake and energy efficiency. Such a combination may decrease the need for semaglutide dose escalation and hence minimize potential gastrointestinal side effects.
α-element enhancements in the ISM of the LMC and SMC: Evidence of recent star formation
Authors: De Cia Annalisa , Roman-Duval Julia , Konstantopoulou Christina , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Ramburuth-Hurt Tanita , Velichko Anna , Fox Andrew J. , Ledoux Cédric , Petitjean Patrick , Jermann Iris , Krogager Jens-Kristian
Published: February 2024

Context. Important questions regarding the chemical composition of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are still open. It is usually assumed that their metallicity is uniform and equal to that measured in hot stars and H II regions, but direct measurements of the neutral ISM metallicity had not been performed until now. Deriving the metallicity from the observed metal abundances is not straightforward because the abundances depend on the depletion of metals into dust and on nucleosynthesis effects such as α-element enhancement.

Aims. Our aim is to measure the metallicity of the neutral ISM in the LMC and SMC, dust depletion, and any nucleosynthesis effects.

Methods. We collected literature column densities of Ti II, Ni II, Cr II, Fe II, Mn II, Si II, Cu II, Mg II, S II, P II, Zn II, and O I in the neutral ISM towards 32 hot stars in the LMC and 22 in the SMC. We determined dust depletion from the relative abundances of different metals because they deplete with different strengths. This includes a ‘golden sample’ of sightlines where Ti and other α-elements are available. We fit linear relations to the observed abundance patterns so that the slopes determined the strengths of dust depletion and the normalizations determined the metallicities. We investigated α-element enhancements in the gas from the deviations from the linear fits and compared them with stars.

Results. In our golden sample we find α-element enhancement in the neutral ISM in most systems, on average 0.26 dex (0.35 dex) for the LMC (SMC), and an Mn underabundance in the SMC (on average −0.35 dex). Measurements of Mn II are not available for the LMC. These are higher than for stars at similar metallicities. We find total neutral ISM metallicities that are mostly consistent with hot star metallicity values, on average [M/H]tot = −0.33 (−0.83), with standard deviations of 0.30 (0.30), in the LMC (the SMC). In six systems, however, we find significantly lower metallicities, 2 out of 32 in the LMC (with ~16% solar) and 4 out of 22 in the SMC (3 and 10% solar), two of which are in the outskirts of the SMC near the Magellanic Bridge, a region known for having a lower metallicity.

Conclusions. The observed a-element enhancements and Mn underabundance are likely due to bursts of star formation, more recently than ~1 Gyr ago, that enriched the ISM from core-collapse supernovae. With the exception of lines of sight towards the Magellanic Bridge, the neutral gas in the LMC and SMC appears fairly well mixed in terms of metallicity.
Effect of biodegradable coating from taro starch-duck bone gelatin on chemical and organoleptic quality of beef meatballs during room temperature storage
Authors: Ayu Laksanawati Trias , Khirzin M.H. , Meidayanti Karina , Aulia Nur Nabila Adelia , Septya Kusuma Heri
Published: February 2024

Beef meatball is a perishable food, so packaging is required to minimize the effect of storage time at room temperature. In this study, storage of beef meatballs without packaging and beef meatballs with natural biodegradable coating taro starch-duck bone gelatin was carried out. Effect of using biodegradable coating on beef meatballs during storage 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours at room temperature on chemical properties and organoleptic of meatballs were examined. The experimental design used was a factorial Block Randomized Design. Mean differences were tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was an interaction between the use of biodegradable coatings and the storage time. The use of biodegradable coatings had a significant effect (P<0.05) and storage time also had a significant effect (P<0.05) on chemical and organoleptic quality which increased the value of water content, decreased the value of water holding capacity, pH, protein content, fat content, as well as the organoleptic score. The application of a biodegradable coating taro starch-duck bone gelatin had a positive effect on the shelf life of beef meatballs during room temperature storage for 24 hours.
Predicting piperine content in javanese long pepper using fluorescence imaging and machine learning model
Authors: Sandra  , Damayanti Retno , Juniar Nainggolan Rut , Sa’diyah Mitha , Sekar Kusumastuti Anita , Ratna Anggraeni Siska , Hendrawan Yusuf , Abamba Omwange Ken
Published: February 2024

The conventional method for determining piperine content involves a series of labor-intensive steps, including drying the pepper samples, grinding them, and then extracting them using high-grade ethanol through a reflux method. While effective, this process is time-consuming and resource-intensive, posing limitations in terms of efficiency and the ability to address potential variations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore more efficient and rapid approaches for accurately measuring and predicting piperine content, with machine learning approach. This research aims to explore the potential of using fluorescence imaging methods and ANN models to increase the efficiency of measuring piperine content on Javanese long pepper. We propose a machine learning approach using UV-induced fluorescence imaging of Javanese long pepper. UV LEDs (365 nm) induced fluorescence, with color variation indicating piperine content. An artificial neural network (ANN) model, trained on color texture features from fluorescence images, predicted piperine content, achieving an R2 value of 0.88025 with ten selected features using the One-R attribute. The final ANN, configured with 'trainoss' learning, 'tansig' activation, 0.1 learning rate, and 10-40-10 nodes, demonstrated a testing R2 of 0.8943 and MSE of 0.0875. LED-induced fluorescence enhances machine learning's piperine content prediction. This research contributes to more efficient piperine content measurement methods.
The role of cyberloafing and procrastination behaviour on employee engagement and their impact on employee performance
Authors: Rolandha Putrie Natasya , Rahayu Endah
Published: February 2024

Technological development is getting faster and causing the growth of digital society. One of technology that commonly used is Internet. It makes many people become addicted. This impact occurs to PT. Mitratani Dua Tujuh, Jember. Some of their employees doing counterproductive work behaviour, such as accessing the internet for personal gain during working hours (cyberloafing) and like to put off their tasks that need to be done (procrastination behaviour). This research analyses the influence of cyberloafing and procrastination behaviour on employee engagement and examine the effect of self control as a moderating variable on employee performance. Questionnaire was used to collect the data of 84 administration staff (non-production worker). The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach was used to analyse the data. The result shows that cyberloafing and procrastination behaviour have significant negative effect on employee engagement. Furthermore, employee engagement has significant positive effect on employee performance. Otherwise, self control does not moderate the relationship between employee’s engagement and employee’s performance. But, self control have significant positive effect on employee performance. This research indicate that company should give attention to employee’s engagement to maintain the consistency of their performance.
Review: Ammonia adsorbent development for white-shrimp ponds
Authors: Tantalu Lorine , Hidayat Nur , Suharto Bambang , Nurika Irnia
Published: February 2024

Ammonia is a harmful organic substance for aquaculture existence coming from high-protein foods that significantly enhances the growth of white-shrimp. The cultivation rate of artificial feed production increases the water-soluble ammonia load. Unfortunately, not all regional regulations adopt the Minister of Environment Regulation to limit ammonia levels to no more than 5 mg/L. Adsorption is an alternative solution to remove or reduce ammonia levels in liquid waste bodies. This study aims to describe the efficiency of ammonia absorption as a form of environmental management towards sustainable coastal resources, especially in hatchery of vannamei’s. The points of the discussion are the technology used in the adsorbent pre-treatment strategy, laboratory scale, and field tests for the adsorption of water-soluble ammonia. Various types of adsorption materials were compared to determine the best physical and chemical properties to be used as biosorbent. Results of the review show that applying composite technology is able to absorb more ammonia compared to a single material. An important point are finding the right adsorption material and the number of times this material which can be used to adsorb ammonia material. this has an effect on the need for provision costs for waste management in the hatchery.
Characterisation of biochar from various carbon sources
Authors: Yulis Setyawan Hendrix , Mayang Sabrina Sunyoto Nimas , Sugiarto Yusron , Sue stining Dyah Dewanti Beauty , Tri Widayanti Vindhya , Hakim Lukman , Kurniawan Syahrul , Auliya Nugroho Ga bryna , Ulandari Devy , Choirun Annisa’u , Hanindipto Fasa Aditya , Arini Sundari Shaf ira , Akbar Pamungkas Ilham , Putra Agus Pratama Andhika , Wan Zhijian
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to characterise biochar produced from various carbon sources. This study was conducted using a Nested De sign with three replications. Three carbon sources, rice husk (RH), corn co bs (CC), and bagasse sugarcane (BS) were pyrolysed for 2 hours at temper atures of 400, 500 and 600°C. The three types of biochar were then analyse d on their moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, volatile matt er, calorific value, particle size and elemental analysis results. The results of this study were that the temperature of pyrolysis at 600 °C can optimally produce biochar with the lowest moisture content, ash content and volatile matter value, and highest fixed carbon and calorific values. The particle siz e analysis shows that biochar produced using this optimum condition has the smallest average particle size distribution. The elemental analysis condu cted through Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray s pectroscopy (SEM-EDX) shows various elements in each biochar produce d from the three different carbon sources.
Biancai (1011–1091) and his friends in the outside secular world: Longjing Monastery in the Northern Song (960–1127)
Authors: Lei Tianyu
Published: February 2024

Longjing Monastery served as a prominent Buddhist center in Hangzhou during the Northern Song Dynasty. Similar to other esteemed Buddhist monasteries and mountains in China, the monastery’s initial prestige owed in part to its mystical associations with the Daoist recluse, Ge Hong. However, to secure sustained acclaim, adept leadership was crucial. Thus, this study delves into the monastery’s popularity during the Northern Song era, highlighting how the legendary abbot Biancai established both a robust personal reputation and monastic success by “making friends in the outside secular world.”
Machine learning based classification of vector field configurations
Authors: Pathak Swapneel Amit , Rahir Kurt , Holt Sam , Lang Martin , Fangohr Hans
Published: February 2024

Magnetic materials at the nanoscale are important for science and technology. A key aspect for their research and advancement is the understanding of the emerging magnetization vector field configurations within samples and devices. A systematic parameter space exploration—varying for example material parameters, temperature, or sample geometry—leads to the creation of many thousands of field configurations that need to be sighted and classified. This task is usually carried out manually, for example by looking at a visual representation of the field configurations. We report that it is possible to automate this process using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, greatly reducing the human effort. We use a combination of convolutional auto-encoder and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. To evaluate the method, we create the magnetic phase diagram of a FeGe disc as a function of changing external magnetic field using computer simulation to generate the configurations. We find that the classification algorithm is accurate, fast, requires little human intervention, and compares well against the published results in the literature on the same material geometry and range of external fields. Our study shows that machine learning can be a powerful tool in the research of magnetic materials by automating the classification of magnetization field configurations.
A study on acceleration of SP decoder using reliability of recording sequence by neural network based on parity check result in SMR system
Authors: Nishikawa Madoka , Nakamura Yasuaki , Kanai Yasushi , Okamoto Yoshihiro
Published: February 2024

We study signal processing methods to realize ultra-high-density hard disk drives (HDDs). Among them, we have applied the neural network to improve decoding performance in low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding in the shingled magnetic recording (SMR) system. In this study, we realize acceleration of the sum-product (SP) decoding by updating the decoding reliability of the SP decoding using the reliability of the recording sequence calculated by the neural network based on the parity check results. As a result, the proposed system achieved error-free with the fewest number of iterations in the SP decoder compared to our previous studies.
Winding-MMF-based design and investigation of dual-winding hybrid-tooth vernier permanent magnet motor with reduced torque ripple and improved power factor
Authors: Shan Wu , Fan Deyang , Zhu Xiaoyong , Xiang Zixuan , Quan Li
Published: February 2024

In this paper, in order to further reduce torque ripple and improve power factor, a new vernier permanent magnet motor is proposed, in which the design concept of dual-winding hybrid-tooth configuration is incorporated. In order to clarify motor torque ripple and power factor, the winding-magnetomotive-force-based design and analysis method is proposed, in which harmonic characteristics are considered as key factors during the magnetic field modulation process. The relationship between harmonics generated by winding MMF, torque ripple, and power factor are investigated. In addition, the split-tooth vernier permanent magnet motor is also investigated as a referenced motor. Detailed comparisons between the DWHT-VPM motor and ST-VPM motor are carried out, including air gap magnetic field, torque, and power factor. Both theoretical and simulation results verify the reasonability of the proposed DWHT-VPM motor, and the effectiveness of the proposed winding-MMF-based analysis method, which provide a new potential research path for the design and analysis of flux modulation motors.
RNF20 contributes to epigenetic immunosuppression through CDK9-dependent LSD1 stabilization
Authors: Dong Bo , Wang Xinzhao , Song Xiang , Wang Jianlin , Liu Xia , Yu Zhiyong , Zhou Yongkun , Deng Jiong , Wu Yadi
Published: February 2024

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a critical role in transcription initiation and is essential for maintaining gene silencing at heterochromatic loci. Inhibition of CDK9 increases sensitivity to immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We now report that RNF20 stabilizes LSD1 via K29-mediated ubiquitination, which is dependent on CDK9-mediated phosphorylation. This CDK9- and RNF20-dependent LSD1 stabilization is necessary for the demethylation of histone H3K4, then subsequent repression of endogenous retrovirus, and an interferon response, leading to epigenetic immunosuppression. Moreover, we found that loss of RNF20 sensitizes cancer cells to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 in vivo and that this effect can be rescued by the expression of ectopic LSD1. Our findings are supported by the observation that RNF20 levels correlate with LSD1 levels in human breast cancer specimens. This study sheds light on the role of RNF20 in CDK9-dependent LSD1 stabilization, which is crucial for epigenetic silencing and immunosuppression. Our findings explore the potential importance of targeting the CDK9–RNF20–LSD1 axis in the development of new cancer therapies.
Precision treatment of viral pneumonia through macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery
Authors: Zhao Gan , Xue Lulu , Geisler Hannah C. , Xu Junchao , Li Xinyuan , Mitchell Michael J. , Vaughan Andrew E.
Published: February 2024

Macrophages are integral components of the innate immune system, playing a dual role in host defense during infection and pathophysiological states. Macrophages contribute to immune responses and aid in combatting various infections, yet their production of abundant proinflammatory cytokines can lead to uncontrolled inflammation and worsened tissue damage. Therefore, reducing macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine release represents a promising approach for treating various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, limited macrophage-specific delivery vehicles have hindered the development of macrophage-targeted therapies. In this study, we screened a pool of 112 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to identify an optimal LNP formulation for efficient siRNA delivery. Subsequently, by conjugating the macrophage-specific antibody F4/80 to the LNP surface, we constructed MacLNP, an enhanced LNP formulation designed for targeted macrophage delivery. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, MacLNP demonstrated a significant enhancement in targeting macrophages. Specifically, delivery of siRNA targeting TAK1, a critical kinase upstream of multiple inflammatory pathways, effectively suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of NF-kB. LNP-mediated inhibition of NF-kB, a key upstream regulator in the classic inflammatory signaling pathway, in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 significantly reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation with the viral RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Finally, intranasal administration of MacLNP-encapsulated TAK1 siRNA markedly ameliorated lung injury induced by influenza infection. In conclusion, our findings validate the potential of targeted macrophage interventions in attenuating inflammatory responses, reinforcing the potential of LNP-mediated macrophage targeting to treat pulmonary inflammatory disorders.
Ancient trees are essential elements for high-mountain forest conservation: Linking the longevity of trees to their ecological function
Authors: Pasques Ot , Munné-Bosch Sergi
Published: February 2024

Mature forests and their extremely old trees are rare and threatened ancient vestiges in remote European high-mountain regions. Here, we analyze the role that extremely long-living trees have in mature forests biodiversity in relation to their singular traits underlying longevity. Tree size and age determine relative growth rates, bud abortion, and the water status of long-living trees. The oldest trees suffer indefectible age-related constraints but possess singular evolutionary traits defined by fitness adaptation, modular autonomy, and a resilient metabolism that allow them to have irreplaceable roles in the ecosystem as biodiversity anchors of vulnerable lichen species like
Letharia vulpina
. We suggest that the role of ancient trees as unique biodiversity reservoirs is linked to their singular physiological traits associated with longevity. The set of evolutionarily plastic tools that can only be provided by centuries or millennia of longevity helps the oldest trees of mature forests drive singular ecological relationships that are irreplaceable and necessary for ecosystem dynamics.
Modulation of active center distance of hybrid perovskite for boosting photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene
Authors: Li Linjuan , Xu Dawei , Xu Xiankui , Tian Zheng , Zhou Xue , Yang Shenbo , Zhang Zhonghai
Published: February 2024

Solar-driven photocatalytic CO
2
reduction is an energy-efficient and sustainable strategy to mitigate CO
2
levels in the atmosphere. However, efficient and selective conversion of CO
2
into multi-carbon products, like C
2
H
4
, remains a great challenge due to slow multi-electron-proton transfer and sluggish C–C coupling. Herein, a two-dimensional thin-layered hybrid perovskite is fabricated through filling of oxygen into iodine vacancy in pristine DMASnI
3
(DMA = dimethylammonium). The rational-designed DMASnI
3
(O) induces shrinkage of active sites distance and facilitates dimerization of C–C coupling of intermediates. Upon simulated solar irradiation, the DMASnI
3
(O) photocatalyst achieves a high selectivity of 74.5%, corresponding to an impressive electron selectivity of 94.6%, for CO
2
to C
2
H
4
conversion and an effective C
2
H
4
yield of 11.2 μmol g
−1
h
−1
. In addition, the DMASnI
3
(O) inherits excellent water stability and implements long-term photocatalytic CO
2
reduction to C
2
H
4
in a water medium. This work establishes a unique paradigm to convert CO
2
to C
2+
hydrocarbons in a perovskite-based photocatalytic system.
Wilks’s theorem, global fits, and neutrino oscillations
Authors: Hardin J M
Published: February 2024

Tests of models for new physics appearing in neutrino experiments often involve global fits to a quantum mechanical effect called neutrino oscillations. This paper introduces students to methods commonly used in these global fits starting from an understanding of more conventional fitting methods using log-likelihood and χ
2 minimization. Specifically, we discuss how the Δχ
2, which compares the χ
2 of the fit with the new physics to the χ
2 of the Standard Model prediction, is often interpreted using Wilks’s theorem. This paper uses toy models to explore the properties of Δχ
2 as a test statistic for oscillating functions. The statistics of such models are shown to deviate from Wilks’s theorem. Tests for new physics also often examine data subsets for ‘tension’ called the ‘parameter goodness of fit’. In this paper, we explain this approach and use toy models to examine the validity of the probabilities from this test also. Although we have chosen a specific scenario—neutrino oscillations—to illustrate important points, students should keep in mind that these points are widely applicable when fitting multiple data sets to complex functions.
Role of isotropic and anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on skyrmions, merons and antiskyrmions in the C

nv
symmetric system
Authors: Bera Sandip
Published: February 2024

The lattice Hamiltonian with the presence of a chiral magnetic isotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in a square and hexagonal lattice is numerically solved to give the full phase diagram consisting of skyrmions and merons in different parameter planes. The phase diagram provides the actual regions of analytically unresolved asymmetric skyrmions and merons, and it is found that these regions are substantially larger than those of symmetric skyrmions and merons. With magnetic field, a change from meron or spin spiral (SS) to skyrmion is seen. The complete phase diagram for the C

nv
symmetric system with anisotropic DMI is drawn and it is shown that this DMI helps to change the SS propagation direction. Finally, the well-defined region of a thermodynamically stable antiskyrmion phase in the C

nv
symmetric system is shown.
Multivariate multi-scale cross-fuzzy entropy and SSA-SVM-based fault diagnosis method of gearbox
Authors: Hou Shuangshan , Zheng Jinde , Pan Haiyang , Feng Ke , Liu Qingyun , Ni Qing
Published: February 2024

Fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn) is widely recognized as a powerful tool for analyzing nonlinear dynamics and measuring the complexity of time series data. It has been utilized as an effective indicator to capture nonlinear fault features in gearbox vibration signals. However, FuzzyEn only measures complexity at a single scale, ignoring the valuable information contained in large-scale features of the time series. Furthermore, FuzzyEn does not account for coupling characteristics between related or synchronized time series. To address these limitations, a novel entropy-based approach called multivariate multi-scale cross-fuzzy entropy (MvMCFE) is proposed in this paper for measuring the complexity and mutual predictability of two multivariate time series. Relying on the advantages of MvMCFE in nonlinear feature extraction, a new fault diagnosis method for gearboxes is proposed based on MvMCFE and an optimized support vector machine (SVM) using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA-SVM). Ultimately, the proposed gearbox diagnostic method is employed to analyze the gearbox experimental data and a comparison with existing fault diagnosis approaches is conducted. The comparison results indicate that the proposed method can effectively extract nonlinear fault features of gearboxes and achieve the highest recognition rate compared to the other methods.
Knowledge-driven domain adaptation strategy for rotating machinery fault diagnosis under varying working condition
Authors: Chang Junyu , Yao Jiaqi , Chen Xu , Zhao Chunhui
Published: February 2024

Due to the frequent switch of the working condition, fault diagnosis model for rotating machinery established on the training set (the source domain) cannot be effectively applied to the test set (the target domain). Traditional domain adaptation methods address this issue by performing feature alignment between the source and target domain, which ignores the positive guidance provided by prior knowledge. In this paper, we propose a prior knowledge-driven domain adaptation (PKDA) method for varying working condition fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, where a self-supervised learning framework is designed to integrate expert prior knowledge and structural prior knowledge. First, an expert prior knowledge guidance module is designed to extract features with physical significance. Then we align the features between the source and target domain by the max mean discrepancy metric. Besides, a progressive Shannon entropy minimization strategy is proposed to realize the feature distribution structure of intra-class compression and inter-class separation, which can effectively integrate the structural prior knowledge. In this way, PKDA can effectively utilize the prior knowledge to achieve better performance in varying working condition fault diagnosis tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an open-source rolling bearing fault dataset from Case Western Reserve University and an open-source gearbox fault dataset from Southeast University.
Realization of low potential barrier in MoS2/rGO heterojunction with enhanced electrical conductivity for thin film thermoelectric applications
Authors: C Archana , Rengarajan Abinaya , J Archana , M Navaneethan , Santhanakrishnan Harish
Published: February 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials in-plane anisotropy, caused by a low-symmetric lattice structure, has considerably increased their applications, particularly in thermoelectric. MoS2 and MoS2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films were grown on SiO2/Si substrate by atmospheric chemical vapor deposition technique to study the thermoelectric performance. Few layered MoS2 was confirmed by the vibrational analysis and the composition elements are confirmed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. The continuous grains lead to reduced phonon life time in A1g and low activation energy assists to enhance the electrical property. The MoS2/rGO has achieved the highest σ of 22 622 S m−1 at 315 K due to an electron-rich cloud around the electrons in S atoms near the adjacent layer of rGO.
Bifurcation and regularity analysis of the Schrödinger-Poisson equation
Authors: Pucci Patrizia , Wang Linlin , Zhang Binlin
Published: February 2024

The aim of this paper is to present bifurcation results for (weak) solutions of the Schrödinger-Poisson system in

R

3

, involving subcritical and critical nonlinearities and using the global bifurcation theorem. Furthermore, we establish the existence of unbounded components of (weak) solutions, which bifurcate from trivial solutions and from infinity, respectively. The novelties of the paper lie in the appearance of the indefinite nonlinearity and the critical nonlinear term. Finally, we also analyze the regularity result that guarantees the

L
∞

-bound of the (weak) solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson system under consideration.