bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who suffers from pharmaceutical poverty and what are their needs? Evidence from a Spanish region.
Authors: Rubio-Valera Maria , Marqués-Ercilla Silvia , Peñarrubia-María Maria Teresa , Urbanos-Garrido Rosa María , Borrell Carme , Bosch Jordi , Sánchez-Viñas Alba , Aznar-Lou Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Background

Pharmaceutical poverty occurs when a patient cannot afford the cost of prescribed medication and/or medical products. Non-profit organisations are covering the cost of medication to those patients in some contexts. The aim of the study was to describe the population of beneficiaries of the PB, a non-governmental organization which provides free of charge access to medicines, and their utilization pattern of medicines and healthcare products.
Methods

This was an observational study using PB beneficiary data collected between November 2017 and December 2018 in Catalonia. The Catalan Health Service provided information from the general population. A descriptive analysis of the beneficiaries’ characteristics was conducted and compared to general population.
Results

The beneficiaries (N = 1206) were mainly adults with a low level of education, unemployed, with functional disability and with ≥ 1 children. Compared with the general population, the beneficiaries were older, had a lower level of education, showed a higher prevalence of functional disability, were less likely to be Spanish, and more likely to be divorced and unemployed. The beneficiaries were polymedicated and most were using medication related to the nervous (79%), musculo-skeletal (68%) and cardiovascular system (56%) and alimentary tract and metabolism (68%). Almost 19% of beneficiaries used healthcare products. Female beneficiaries were older and more likely to be divorced or widowed, employed and with children. Compared to men, women were more likely to use medicines for pain and mental disorders. The paediatric group used medications for severe, chronic conditions (heart diseases, autoimmune diseases, conduct disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Conclusions

Patients with severe, chronic and disabling conditions are affected by pharmaceutical poverty. While the system of co-payment remains unchanged, physicians and paediatricians should explore economic barriers to treatment and direct their patients to resources that help to cover the cost of treatment.
First Case Of SAR-Coronavirus-2 Sequencing In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of A Patient With Suspected CNS Demyelinating Disease
Authors: Domingues Renan , Mendes-Correa Maria Cássia , Leite Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Claro Ingra M , Ferreira Noely Evangelista , Romano Camila Malta , Jesus Jaqueline Goes de , Santos Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima , Salarini Diego Zanotti , Senne Carlos
Published: May 2020

The association between coronaviruses and central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has been previously shown. However, no case has been described of an association between the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and CNS demyelinating disease so far. SARS-COV-2 was previously detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample of a patient with encephalitis. However, the virus identity was not confirmed by deep sequencing of SARS-COV-2 detected in the CSF. Here, we report a case of a patient with mild respiratory symptoms and neurological manifestations compatible with Clinically Isolated Syndrome. The viral genome of SARS-COV-2 was detected and sequenced in CSF with 99.74 to 100% similarity between the patient virus and worldwide sequences. This report suggests a possible association of SARS COV-2 infection with neurological symptoms of demyelinating disease, even in the absence of relevant upper respiratory tract infection signs.
Drug-utilisation Profiles and COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study in Italy
Authors: Orlando Valentina , Coscioni Enrico , Guarino Ilaria , Mucherino Sara , Perrella Alessandro , Trama Ugo , Limongelli Giuseppe , Menditto Enrica
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wrought havoc on healthcare systems worldwide. Age, chronic diseases, use of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), male sex and genetic predisposition have been postulated as risk factors for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 cases. A retrospective drug-utilisation study was carried out using information collected routinely in a healthcare database (CaReDB) in Campania (Southern Italy). We wished to discover the prevalence of drug utilisation (monotherapy and polytherapy) in COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 patients in Campania (~6 million inhabitants). The study cohort was 1,532 individuals who tested positive for COVID-19. Drugs were grouped according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We noted a higher prevalence of use of drugs in the ATC category C01, B01 and M04, and this was probably linked to related comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular, metabolic). Nevertheless, the prevalence of use of drugs acting on the RAS, such as antihypertensive drugs, was not higher among COVID-19 patients compared with that in non-COVID-19 patients. These results highlight the need for further case–control studies to define the effect of medications and comorbidities on susceptibility to, and associated mortality from, COVID-19.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES BY MEANS OF THE MODIFIED HDI INDEX
Authors: Migała-Warchoł Aldona , Sobolewski Marek
Published: May 2020

The aim of the research is an analysis of the influence of the economic indicators on the socio-economic development of EU countries. The synthetic measure of socio-economic development is calculated by means of the following determinants: ‘Economy and Finance’, ‘Science and Technology’, ‘Health’, ‘Education’ and ‘Living Conditions’. This index of the socio-economic development of residents of the European Union countries has been created as an arithmetic mean of indicators, counted for particular determinants. The index, which has been created, is treated as a modified Human Development Index due to the fact that it is completed with the added information. The data has been collected from the Eurostat for the years 2006–2016. In the second part of the research there have been developed the models for the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in terms of particular economic indicator, used in the analysis, as well as the analysis of the relationship between the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in EU countries, and the selected economic measures: unemployment rate, GDP per capita, indicator of real expenditure per capita, and the percentage of people at risk of poverty. The results are obtained, using the Statistica 12 program.
LEGAL POSITION OF LOS TRIBUNAL REGARDING MIXED DISPUTES
Authors: Hamaiunova Viktoriia
Published: May 2020

The article contains an analysis of the jurisdiction of the maritime tribunals over the three mixed disputes, related to issues of sovereignty over land. State sovereignty is a very delicate issue, related to territorial sovereignty; therefore, it is inappropriate to consider the state’s statement on the abolition of certain dispute settlement procedures in accordance with article 298 as more significant issues of territorial sovereignty. The awards on an Arbitration before an arbitral tribunal, constituted under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea between the Republic of Mauritius and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and An Arbitration before an arbitral tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea between the Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China, illustrate the position of LOS tribunals regarding mixed disputes, which connected to terrestrial sovereignty issue. According to a decision analysis, concerning the jurisdiction of mixed disputes, related to sovereignty over land, the LOS tribunal considers the need for a preliminary decision on sovereignty over land, the intention of the plaintiff and the consequences of resolving the claim for a sovereignty dispute are taken into account. However, the tradition is not stable so the modification of criteria in future decisions is possible. Therefore, LOS tribunals have developed an approach to determining jurisdiction over mixed disputes that relate to land, but this will be further developed and detailed in the future.
Non-destructive, non-invasive, in-line real-time phase-based reflectance for quality monitoring of fruit
Authors: Assaad M.
Published: May 2020

Food quality monitoring in the production process is essential. The control of food quality and freshness is of growing interest for both consumer and food industry. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is popular as it does not need any sample preparation. However, NIR spectroscopy is costly and needs reliable calibration. A non-contact, non-destructive optical process is proposed in this work to monitor the quality of the food. It is shown that the reflected phase information can be used to detect the quality of the fruits. The color and the spectral reflectance change with storage. The changes in the spectral feature due to ripening or decay of apples are used to non-destructively monitor the quality of the fruit. A closed relationship between the reflected phase information and degradation is obtained. The developed model is simple, low cost, and does not need extensive calibration as compared to conventional technologies currently used like NIR besides being robust to skin color or appearances of the fruit. The phase-based reflectance spectroscopy could revolutionize the on/inline quality monitoring of the fruits.
Obesity: The Crossroads of Opinion, Knowledge, and Opportunity
Authors: Ruyatkina L. A. , Ruyatkin D. S.
Published: May 2020

The continuing growth in the prevalence of obesity in close connection with the tandem of a number of chronic diseases, each of which is in the nature of a non-infectious epidemic, indicates an obesity syndrome. This is one of the most complex and expensive diseases, taking into account its cardio-metabolic and oncological risk, chronic progressive course and recurrent nature. Such a situation dictates the necessity to clarify the pathogenetic approaches to the problem, based on the principles of early treatment, before the debut of comorbid nosology’s. With the multifactorial nature of obesity, it is difficult to single out the principal directions of intervention with the goal of not only reducing body weight, but especially its stabilization. The accumulated data on new pathogenesis links are analyzed: dysfunctions of the microbiota and entero-endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract with impaired incretin synthesis, metainflammation, peripheral and central insulin resistance, which integrally changes intracellular energy metabolism through a change in the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase and is associated with systemic inflammatory response. These links are interconnected by the axis: “intestine – brain – liver”, which explains the relationship of obesity with multiple multidisciplinary pathology and reflects the necessity for multidirectional effects. From the point of view of the definition of obesity as a brain disease, with an emphasis on the hypothalamus, the feasibility of an approach to weight loss only through lifestyle changes and the problem of the slipping effect is discussed. The necessity for weight loss is discussed along with the regulation of metabolic imbalance. The feasibility of combined pharmacological intervention is substantiated. ReduxinForte is considered as the drug of choice with a detailed analysis of its components, metformin and sibutramine, their ability to correct various parts of the pathogenesis of obesity and pleiotropic effects to achieve stable metabolic control and reduce the risks of complications.
Oral bisphosphonates as the therapy of choice in patients with moderate risk of fractures
Authors: Marchenkova L. A. , Makarova E. V.
Published: May 2020

Nowadays clinicians have access to high-quality diagnostic algorithms to determine the risk of fractures and the need for treatment, as well as the ability to choose the most advanced drug therapy that will be the most suitable, comfortable and safe for the patient with osteoporosis. This algorithm for the selection of therapy is based on an assessment of the fracture risk, which is determined by the presence and severity of low-energy fractures, the level of bone mineral density (BMD), and the 10-year probability of fractures. Patients with a moderate risk of osteoporotic fractures are the most controversial category of patients regarding the choice and assessment of the prognosis of treatment, since they either have no history of fractures or have suffered only one low-energy fracture due to osteopenia or normal BMD. In such cases, oral bisphosphonates with a planned treatment duration of 5 years were recommended as starting therapy for osteoporosis. Alendronic acid is the most well-known and widely prescribed oral bisphosphonate, characterized by financial availability and a favorable profile of clinical efficacy in the treatment of osteoporosis. The effectiveness of treatment with oral bisphosphonates is largely determined by the tolerability of the drug and patient adherence to treatment. Gastrointestinal side effects and the lack of patient motivation are the main reasons for the low adherence to anti-osteoporotic therapy. Due to the low incidence of adverse events and the convenient pharmacological form for enhancing treatment compliance, alendronate buffer solution in soluble effervescent tablets may be preferred in patients with a moderate risk of fractures. Solubilized in a buffer solution alendronate less contacts the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach, minimizing contact between the particles of the drug and the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and ultimately reducing the local irritating effect and the likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux.
New opportunities for secondary drug therapy of acromegaly
Authors: Pronin V. S. , Pronin E. V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Acromegaly is a severe multi-organ disease that negatively affects the quality and life expectancy of patients. The continuing complexity of acromegaly curation is due to the multiplicity of pathomorphological variants growth hormone-secreting adenomas and the lack of differentiated approach in choosing a therapeutic strategy. The high percentage of non-radical adenomectomy, due to the large size and invasive growth of somatotropin, involves the operative connection of adequate secondary drug therapy.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of different classes of drugs, as well as algorithms of their combined use in the treatment of acromegaly.

Methods of treatment. The review uses information on factors affecting the results of clinical use of modern pharmacological preparations (somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, growth hormone receptor antagonists) used in secondary drug therapy of acromegaly. The indications for the administration of a drug are discussed taking into account the features of the pathomorphological structure of the tumor tissue, as well as the tactics of the therapeutic allowance in absolute or relative resistance to somatostatin analogues of the 1st generation (octreotide and lanreotide) and dopamine agonists (cabergoline). Data on efficiency of the new drug – pegvisomant providing stable control of acromegaly irrespective of secretory activity and receptor phenotype of tumor tissue are summed up.

Results. Interim reports of the ACROSTUDY observational project and other clinical studies regarding the therapeutic efficacy and safety of pegvisomant are presented. A relatively low risk of continued growth of tumor tissue and other adverse reactions against the background of treatment with this drug is shown. Prognostic factors of insufficient efficiency of pegvisomant include young age, increased BMI, high initial level of ИРФ-1, presence of diabetes mellitus. There is an advantage of combined use of pegvisomant and somatostatin analogues to maintain acromegaly control and prevent tumor growth. The topic of primary therapy of pegvisomant is touched upon. Based on the results of real clinical practice, modern international recommendations are presented, which indicate the place of pegvisomant in the algorithm of secondary drug therapy.

Conclusions. Due to the introduction into clinical practice of various therapeutic agents, which allow, regardless of the activity of the disease, the specificity of the pathomorphological structure of tumor tissue and somatic status, to achieve stable maintenance of biochemical remission, patients have real opportunities for improving the quality and life expectancy.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in modern domestic practice
Authors: Ametov A. S. , Chernikov N. A. , Knyshenko O. A.
Published: May 2020

The choice of treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 is personalized, based on modern Russian and international algorithms for management of such patients. Given the initial level of decompensation of the disease at the time of diagnosis (at the level of glycated hemoglobin), most patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of initiation of therapy requires the combined treatment, at least two antidiabetic drugs. In modern conditions, on the basis of evidence-based medicine, priority should be given to drugs with a low risk of hypoglycemic conditions and do not affect or reduce body weight. In this article we consider a class of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, which entered into clinical practice since 2006 for the treatment of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2, with an emphasis on drugs used in the Russian Federation. Today in our country there are seven members of the class of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4. The results of the major randomized clinical trials (SAVOR-TIMI 53, EXAMINE, TECOS, CAROLINA), which studied the cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, showed the intra class heterogeneity with respect to data on the frequency of hospitalizations due to chronic heart failure. Have proven cardiovascular neutrality in relation to the primary combined cardiovascular outcome was MACE, including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. A major problem is the choice of effective glucose-lowering therapy to special patient groups. Assign their profession the safety of drugs plays a key role. With its high efficiency and unique glucosidation mechanism of action, guaranteeing a low risk of hypoglycemia and high safety, the drugs of this group has firmly taken its niche among the priority hypoglycemic drugs.
Possibilities of using continuous glycemic monitoring to assess the effectiveness of therapy in patients with MODY-diabetes
Authors: Ovsyannikova A. K. , Ryabets M. V. , Rymar O. D.
Published: May 2020

Verification of the type of diabetes mellitus in young people is of high clinical significance in the clinical practice since the purpose of treatment depends on this: from the correction of carbohydrate metabolism by a rational diet to the administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy. The chosen therapy has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient. With the most common types of diabetes in young people the appointment of therapy is not in doubt, since with type 1 diabetes mellitus there is an absolute need for the maintenance of exogenous insulin, and with type 2 the administration of metformin is pathogenetically substantiated. In more rare forms of diabetes which MODY belongs to sulfonylurea preparations are recommended in most cases and there are few conflicting data on the effects of newer classes (DPP4, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists) with monogenic forms. Using the method of continuous monitoring of glucose (CGMS) and glycemic variability indicators it is possible to determine the effectiveness of various classes of sugar-lowering drugs for rare types of diabetes mellitus which will help practitioners in choosing therapy. In the literature single studies using CGMS have been described in this group of patients. In Turkey CGMS was performed for 8 patients with GCK-MODY; it was shown that in 50% of patients the glucose values during the day exceeded the normal ranges. Italian scientists conducted a study in which they diagnosed glycemic variability, in particular episodes of hypoglycemia, in patients with HNF4AMODY diabetes (MODY1) using CGMS. The clinical consequence of episodes of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in the MODY cohort remains unknown. Diagnosing the predominance of fasting or postprandial hyperglycemia, the determination of hypoglycemia can help in the appointment of pathogenetic therapy and improve the quality of life of people diagnosed with MODY-diabetes.
Daytime sleepiness, depression and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of different sexes as a drug target
Authors: Sorokina Yu. A. , Zanozin A. V. , Zanozina O. V. , Smirnova T. A. , Novozhilova O. A. , Lovcova L. V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have concomitant depression. In addition, there are some studies that have alluded to a direct relationship between overweight and diabetes and daytime drowsiness.

The aim of this study was to study the relationship of metabolic disorders, anthropometric data with daytime sleepiness and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Material and methods. A general clinical study consisted in interviewing the patient (complaints, medical history), obtaining physical data (anthropometry) – height (cm), weight (kg), neck circumference (cm), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm). The object of the study was the whole blood and blood plasma of patients in order to determine the level of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and other blood biochemical parameters. To verify violations in the emotional-volitional sphere, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used.

Results. All patients had visceral obesity, the waist circumference is significantly higher than normal, both in men and women. In accordance with the Epworth drowsiness scale, on average, borderline insomnia was recorded in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes. Drowsiness rate correlated with waist circumference (r = 0,65) and hips (0,67), age (0.34) only in male patients. The level of depression correlated with age in female patients (r = 0.37, p < 0,05) and male (r = 0,6, p < 0,05) and did not correlate with drowsiness in both groups. The level of depression was 16, which corresponds to mild to moderate depression. However, the rate of depression is negligible, but higher among female patients (14.00 [6.00; 18.00] versus 19.00 [10.50; 20.00], p = 0,047).

Conclusions. Increased daytime sleepiness and depression accompany patients with type 2 diabetes, regardless of gender. The dependence between the severity of decreased daily activity and increased anthropometric indicators and age can be seen in male patients, which may illustrative of increasing androgen deficiency in men and its contribution to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity. Depressive states have deeper manifestations in female patients with type 2 diabetes compared to male patients, which may indicate both emotional instability of female patients and a more pronouncedeffect of the disease itself on the psychoemotional background in women.
Substantiation of strategic therapy of gonartrosis by chondroitin-containing drugs in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Krasivina I. G. , Dolgova L. N. , Dolgov N. V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Currently, there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and osteoarthritis (OA). DM2 worsens the prognosis of the results of arthroplasty for OA, and also becomes an additional insecurity factor in the administration of traditionally often used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and in local injections of glucocorticosteroids. It is considered safer to prescribe chondroitin sulfate.

Objective. Identification of clinical, radiological and arthrosonographic features of the manifestations of gonarthrosis with concomitant DM2 and related differences in the strategic conservative therapy.

Methods. The study included 386 women with OA of knee joints (mean age 61,3 + 7,8 years). Patients were divided into groups of euglycemic status (group “OA”, n = 224) and comorbid according to DM2 (group “OA + DM2”, n = 162). The amplitude of an active mobility of the knee joints (KJ), the severity of gonarthrosis using the Lequesnealgo-functional index (AFI_Lequesne) and the WOMAC questionnaire were assessed. Radiography and arthrosonography of the KJ were performed.

Results. In patients in group “OA + DM2” AFI_Lequesne were less by 18,2% (p = 0,0001), the total WOMAC index were less by 15,6% (p = 0,0001) compared with the “OA” group. In the group “OA + DM2”, the first x-ray stage was 2,6 times less common, and the third was 2 times more likely than the group “OA” (χ2 = 25,5; p = 0,001). The arthrosonography in the group “OA + DM2” detected a more pronounced thinning of the articular cartilage and more severe osteophytosis. The masking effect of DM2 on the symptoms of OA led to a rarer use of slowly acting symptom-modifying agents containing chondroitin in patients with “OA + DM2” in 1,7 times as compared with “OA” patients.

Conclusions. In patients with gonarthrosis, concomitant DM2 minimizes symptoms, but accelerates the degeneration of the knee joints tissues. There is no information on the deterioration of the carbohydrate metabolism with a prolonged use of chondroitin sulfate, which suggests the safety of such therapy for patients with OA and concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2.
Koneksi Matematis pada Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Logaritma Siswa Kelas X
Authors: Sugianto Ika Ujiana , Qohar Abd
Published: May 2020

Koneksi matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki siswa dalam belajar matematika. Dengan kemampuan koneksi, siswa dapat menghubungkan antar konsep matematika, antara konsep matematika dengan ilmu lain dan dengan dunia nyata. Artikel ini berisi hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas pada materi logaritma. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk observasi dan analisis pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMAN Taruna Nala Malang sebanyak 30 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi pada proses pembelajaran di kelas. Data hasil observasi kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki kemampuan koneksi matematis yang baik pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Siswa dapat mengaitkan materi logaritma dengan materi matematika yang lain serta dapat mengaitkan materi matematika dengan suatu permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Kata kunci: pembelajaran matematika, koneksi matematis, logaritma.
Development of Student Interest in Scientific Research: Experience and Problems of a Regional University
Authors: Reznik Semen , Chernikovskaya Marina
Published: May 2020

The research featured the problem of attracting university students to scientific research. The article focuses on the experience of the Department of Management, Penza State University of Architecture and Construction. The authors used a survey method to analyze opinions of more than 400 students from regional universities and more than 30 highly qualified experts in the related field. The research objective was to assess the willingness of students to participate in research and to develop useful recommendations on how to organize research activities in various student communities. The present study will be of interest to university students, academics, higher education governing bodies, and scientists that deal with studentship issues.
A New Concept of Organizational Restructuring in Mining Industry
Authors: Dzwigol Henryk
Published: May 2020

Modern business conditions need mining restructuring solutions of a new quality. The research objective was to elaborate a new concept for the organisational restructuring of the coal mining sector. The article analyses the legal grounds for the development of a new mining company as well as the main consolidation criteria. The author proposes business goals of the new mining company and the organizational changes within the framework of consolidation. The article also focuses on some characteristics of the privatization of mining companies as well as effects of the establishing a new mining company. A more effective use of coal resources by a group of companies will enable reasonable and selective management of deposits, increase the investment opportunities, and achieve a comprehensive modernization of mining equipment. This, in turn, will help to meet the needs of the market in terms of quality and assortment, increase flexibility in responding to market changes and constant fluctuations; improve the efficiency of coal distribution, and create conditions for strategic market management and optimal use of distribution channels for coal sales centres. The new organizational structure proved optimal in terms of balance between social protection and competitiveness in a flexible company.
Digital Marketing Evolution
Authors: Shadrin Vladislav , Kotova Olga
Published: May 2020

Marketing complex acquires a new content as it tries to adjust itself to the changing business practices and consumer behavior. The research objective was to study the content of Marketing 4.0 and the changing relationship between the brand and the consumer. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in marketing concepts, which proved that consumers have become partners in marketing communications. Internet communities and opinion leaders proved to affect consumer behavior. Social networks and messengers shape attitude of whole communities. The research revealed an increasing role of customization and personalization in the promotion of brands and products in the era of digitalization. Consumer experience and pleasure derived from marketing interaction are becoming more and more important. Previously obtained materials made it possible to define the change in the marketing complex in the digital economy from 4P to 4C. New consumer communities search for information on the Internet, thus overlooking traditional methods of marketing communications.
Caught in the middle? Access to water in the rural to urban transformation of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality, Uganda
Authors: Silva-Novoa Sanchez Luis Miguel , Kemerink-Seyoum Jeltsje Sanne , Waiswa Batega Dauda , Paul Ramkrishna
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to contribute to the relatively few empirical studies done on how processes of urbanization affect water supply in smaller towns by providing an in-depth case study of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality in Uganda. The paper shows how changes in water service provision as a result of the rural to urban transformation of the area differently affect various groups of water users in their access to water. Based on this research, the authors question the process of categorization and labelling in public service delivery, especially rigidly distinguishing between urban and rural water infrastructures and management models, as it often (re)produces binaries and potentially creates structural inequities. Building further on literature focusing on understanding and dealing with complexity, the paper calls for more empirical research to document everyday practices of providing and accessing water in changing environments in the hope to ultimately inform more effective policy interventions that aim for equity in water distributions.
CFD simulation of the aeration process and baffle influence in a full-scale commercial flat sheet module
Authors: Cao Yingchen , Gu Bowen , Sonnenburg Alexander , Urban Wilhelm
Published: May 2020

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the aeration process and the enhanced effect of baffles in a full-scale commercial membrane bioreactor (MBR) system configured with a flat sheet (FS) membrane module. Through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, two aerated FS membrane modules for full-scale applications with 26 membrane sheets were simulated. The numerical results indicate that the presence of baffles and the distances between the baffle and the outmost membrane sheet have a minor influence on the area-weighted shear stress for full-scale MBRs. In addition, bubble size and the bottom distance between the aerator and membrane bottom do not affect the average shear stress of full-scale FS membrane modules much. However, an increase in air flow rate has a significant effect on the area-weighted shear stress. A large FS membrane module is recommended, as it could achieve the same cleaning effect as the small one with a lower specific aeration demand for membranes.
NOVA CARTOGRAFIA SOCIAL: EXPERIÊNCIAS METODOLÓGICAS E REPERTÓRIO CONFRONTACIONAL NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL.
Authors: Neves Rita de Cássia Maria , Fialho Vânia
Published: May 2020

A ocupação do solo e o estabelecimento de novas territorialidades sempre foram elementos de disputas em que se destacam as lógicas coloniais perpetuadas através das desigualdades de direitos e da imposição de uma lógica de commoditização da terra. Neste trabalho, a partir da experiência do Projeto Nova Cartografia Social no Nordeste brasileiro, discutiremos tanto aspectos metodológicos das pesquisas, que tiveram como ponto fulcral a elaboração de mapas no contexto etnográfico e suas implicações para diferentes esferas do exercício do poder; quanto as disputas vivenciadas por comunidades urbanas e rurais no nordeste do Brasil contemporâneo pautadas no entendimento de que isso possibilita um processo reflexivo nos próprios grupos sociais envolvidos. As pesquisas têm como experiência as potencialidades e disputas políticas territoriais na comunidade quilombola de Conceição das Crioulas-PE, no Povo indígena Xukuru do Ororubá-PE e Tapuias da Lagoa de Tapará-RN, e as e disputas urbanas no bairro de Santo Amaro, Recife/PE.
HIDROELÉTRICAS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS IMPACTOS NA PESCA ARTESANAL NOS RIOS XINGU (PARÁ) E ARAGUARI (AMAPÁ)
Authors: Marinho Vicka de Nazaré Magalhães , Silva Christian Nunes da , Lima Laís Melo , Rosa Adria Melo , Lima Ricardo Ângelo Pereira , Ferreira Gracilene Castro , Caetano Vivianne Nunes da Silva
Published: May 2020

No contexto amazônico, a pesca artesanal representa um setor produtivo de grande importância socioeconômica, tanto para as populações ribeirinhas, quanto para aqueles que habitam nos centros urbanos, mas que têm na pesca a sua principal fonte de renda ou alimento. Tendo em vista que a instalação de usinas hidrelétricas promove diversas implicações nas formas de uso dos recursos hídricos, discute-se de maneira conceitual e de abordagem empírica, como a implantação das Usinas Hidroelétricas (UHE) nos rios Xingu e Araguari (Amazônia-Brasil) vem impactando o desenvolvimento da atividade pesqueira, haja vista que a reprodução dos pescadores tem sido drasticamente afetada. O método de pesquisa baseia-se em informações primárias e secundárias. As informações primárias foram obtidas em trabalho de campo nas cidades de Altamira (Pará-Brasil), Ferreira Gomes e Porto Grande (Amapá-Brasil). Os dados secundários são oriundos de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e demais materiais disponíveis na internet e nas colônias de pescadores e sindicatos de pesca. A partir desses dados obtidos, constatou-se que a realização da pesca artesanal vem sendo impactada de forma drástica, com reflexo na perda de territórios de pesca, diminuição da captura dos recursos pesqueiros e aumento de conflitos entre pescadores e demais usuários que praticam a pesca, refletindo negativamente na reprodução social de todos os indivíduos que vêm enfrentando dificuldades para manter as mínimas condições de sobrevivência.
A DISPUTA ENTRE O TERRITÓRIO TRADICIONAL QUILOMBOLA-PESQUEIRO DE RIO DOS MACACOS E O TERRITÓRIO MILITARIZADO DA MARINHA DO BRASIL
Authors: Cordeiro Paula Regina de Oliveira
Published: May 2020

A história vivenciada sobre o território tradicional quilombola-pesqueiro de Rio dos Macacos (Bahia) e a capacidade que essa comunidade tem em permanecer nesse território representam, sem dúvida, o mote principal desse trabalho. Presentes nas terras e águas do território desde pelo menos o século XIX, vivenciaram a escravização e o processo de libertação até a presente época. Processo no qual suas identidades quilombolas e pesqueiras foram ecoadas pelos quatro cantos do mundo, devido ao conflito com a Marinha do Brasil. A Marinha chega efetivamente ao território a partir da década de 1970 e começa a alterar as territorialidades tradicionais, expulsa moradores, estupra mulheres, proíbe as práticas produtivas, impede o acesso ao principal rio da comunidade e afirma serem as terras e as águas como pertencentes ao território da Vila Naval, militarizando o cotidiano. Paralelamente, os/as quilombolas-pescadores/as de Rio dos Macacos continuam a assumir o leme de suas vidas e se afirmam como os donos legítimos do território. Eis que se inicia uma disputa pelo território e também o início da disputa por modos de vida. Esse trabalho é uma tentativa de sistematizar as práticas espaciais dos/as quilombolas-pescadores/as de Rio dos Macacos, bem como da Marinha do Brasil. Investigar e recuperar os principais elementos e acontecimentos jurídicos-técnicos-políticos que envolvem o conflito. Ao passo que as práticas espaciais são narradas, as cartografias vão aparecendo, materializando dois territórios: o território quilombola-pesqueiro do Quilombo Rio dos Macacos, repleto de memórias, sonhos, sentimentos e sentidos; e o território militarizado, que tenta se impor ao longo do tempo. A solução do conflito territorial e a preservação do território tradicional têm relação direta com o acesso a políticas públicas e a regularização fundiária completa do território, significando que não apenas os espaços de moradia devem ser considerados, mas também os usos tradicionais, o que inclui o pleno acesso compartilhado dos cursos hídricos, incluso o Rio dos Macacos e das áreas de agricultura e extrativismo.
Uso e relevância em abordagem quantitativa de pesquisas em Turismo no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo (PPGTUR-UFRN)
Authors: Da Silva Ayslane Costa , Dutra Jose Eneas Montenegro , De Lima Lidenilza Soares , Alexandre Mauro Lemuel De Oliveira
Published: May 2020

O desenvolvimento de pesquisas no campo do turismo, possibilita o aprimoramento do conhecimento deste fenômeno. Este trabalho acadêmico visa analisar peculiaridades de pesquisas quantitativas em estudos de turismo. O artigo tem como objetivo perceber a relevância em abordagem quantitativa de pesquisas em turismo do programa de pós-graduação em turismo da UFRN. A análise de 19 dissertações de mestrado disponíveis nos repositórios da UFRN, possibilitou uma reflexão sobre as abordagens quantitativas adotadas pelos discentes do programa (PPGTUR-UFRN). O trabalho tem ênfase qualitativa, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo das dissertações com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados do estudo revelarem que a pesquisa quantitativa em turismo constroem-se a partir de um conjunto de técnica de pesquisa e análise bem definidas e que podem contribuir para a compreensão funcionalista do turismo no aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de pesquisa em diálogo com realidade nos locais de pesquisa.

 Palavras-chave: Abordagem Quantitativa. Turismo. Fenômenos Turísticos.
Tourist Festivals and Territorial Development: a case study on the Jazz in Marciac Festival
Authors: Faria Erick de Oliveira , Pouillaude Victor , Crépel Valentine , Teixeira Manuella Biagioni Barbosa
Published: May 2020

From the year 1982, new possibilities were given to the spatial organization of the French territory. In these spaces, the actions of social groups are recognized. Therefore, the social group builds the territory but the environment in which it lives also influences it. This paper studies the case of the Jazz in Marciac festival as an example of territorial development associated with the dimension of the voluntary commitment of the population towards a common objective and a source of debate. This jazz festival takes place at the village of Gers, Marciac and is guided by the principles of popular education. Today it gives life to its territory through national and international recognition as one of the most recognized jazz festivals. This is why we decided to ask ourselves about the causes of success at the jazz festival in a French village. So the questions came out: what does this imply in terms of development at the scale of its surroundings? Why and how this festival contributed to authentic development to the extent of its territory. The territory of Marciac turned a music festival into a local development opportunity, by its strength for cultural tourism, the valuation of local heritage and the improvement of living conditions.  So the festival has become a showcase for local productions and a driving force for regional planning, it improves cultural, social and economic aspects of its territory.

Keywords: Jazz Festival. Territory Development. Cultural Tourism. Popular Education.
Ecolabels no Turismo: análise de um prêmio de sustentabilidade na visão dos gestores das iniciativas premiadas
Authors: Costa Helena Araújo
Published: May 2020

Os prêmios de sustentabilidade estão inseridos dentro de um conjunto de ferramentas conhecidas como ecolabelsou rotulagem ambiental. Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender como uma premiação de sustentabilidade influenciou a realidade organizacional e foi vista por gestores de iniciativas premiadas. A atenção se voltou para ganhadores do Prêmio Braztoa de Sustentabilidade no Turismo no período de 2012 a 2017. A pesquisa teve natureza qualitativa e realizou entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a representantes de oito iniciativas. Os resultados indicaram que a influência da premiação se dá de modo distinto, variando de um nível baixo - por ser considerada pontual, passageira ou mesmo inexistente - até uma influência considerada em nível alto - por possibilitar ampliação da visibilidade e da credibilidade, fortalecer as relações institucionais, entre outros aspectos. Para nenhum dos grupos o prêmio incrementou aspectos comerciais. Por fim, revela-se que há expectativas por parte dos entrevistados de que o Prêmio reverta, principalmente, em três tipos de ganhos: maior inserção comercial, aprendizagem e estabelecimento de relacionamentos com os parceiros do Prêmio.

Palavras-chave: Ecolabels. Prêmios. Sustentabilidade. Turismo.
“Amar la trama más que el desenlace!”: Reflexões sobre as proposições Trama Ecossistêmica da Ciência, Cartografia dos Saberes e Matrizes Rizomáticas, na pesquisa em Turismo
Authors: Cardinale Baptista Maria Luiza
Published: May 2020

O texto tem caráter ensaístico, apresentando as proposições epistemológico-teórico-metodológicas Trama Ecossistêmica da Ciência, Cartografia dos Saberes e Matrizes Rizomáticas, considerando-as como pressupostos investigativos potentes, para Pesquisa em Turismo e suas transversalidades. Complementa-se com o relato de estudos realizados a partir desses pressupostos. Decorre de percursos de entrelaçamento com vários pesquisadores e processos de estudos empíricos, realizados em universidades do Brasil, já com forte vínculo com pesquisadores de, pelo menos, outros seis países. Em termos teóricos, trata-se de proposições transdisciplinares, alinhadas com pressupostos da ciência contemporânea ecossistêmica e complexa, englobando trilhas teóricas, desde a Epistemologia da Ciência (Santos, Maturana e Varela), o Cenário de Mutação da Ciência (Capra, Crema, Morin, Prigogine), estudos sobre a Metodologia da Ciência, construções e desconstruções (Morin, Rolnik, Lopes), Estudos Esquizoanalíticos e ligados às tecnologias (Guattari, Deleuze, Levy e Kerchove) o Turismo (Moesch, Beni, Baptista) e suas transversalidades. A estratégia metodológica corresponde à associação da Cartografia dos Saberes e Matrizes Rizomáticas, com aproximações e ações investigativas, vivenciadas em estudos próprios e de supervisão de pesquisas. O título, “Amar la trama más que el desenlace!” faz referência a uma canção de Jorge Drexler, sugerindo a importância dos entrelaçamentos dos saberes, nos diversos campos de enunciação. Nesse sentido, entende-se que Ciência, Arte e Saberes Comuns cotidianos são componentes de uma teia-trama, a ser conhecida, reconhecida e valorizada. As proposições apresentadas sinalizam para a relevância de investir nos vínculos de saberes, mais que nas separações, reconhecendo a potência dos microssinalizadores, que vão delineando inflexões dos caminhos da pesquisa.

Palavras-chave: Turismo. Trama Ecossistêmica. Cartografia Dos Saberes. Matrizes Rizomáticas.
Effects of Gentiana lutea Root on Vascular Diseases
Authors: Joksic Gordana , Radak Djordje , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Obradovic Milan , Radovanovic Jelena , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Gentiana lutea (GL), commonly known as yellow gentian, bitter root, and bitterwort,
belongs to family Gentianaceae. GL belongs to genus Gentiana, which is a rich natural source
of iridoids, secoiridoids, xantones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. Medicinal plants from
Gentiana species have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mitogenic, anti-proliferative, and lipidlowering
effects, as well as a cardioprotective, hypotensive, vasodilator and anti-platelet activities.

Objective:

We reviewed the recent literature related to the effects of Gentiana species, and their active
components on vascular diseases.

Methods:

Data used for this review were obtained by searching the electronic database [PUBMED/
MEDLINE 1973 - February 2020]. The primary data search terms of interest were: Gentiana
lutea, Gentienacea family, phytochemistry, vascular diseases, treatment of vascular diseases, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic.

Conclusion:

Gentiana species and their constituents affect many different factors related to vascular
disease development and progression. Therefore, Gentiana-based therapeutics represent potentially useful
drugs for the management of vascular diseases.
The Protective Effect of Ephedra alataAqueous Extract Against Metribuzin Intoxication on Albino Wistar Rat
Authors: Medila Ifriqya , Toumi Ikram , Adaika Aicha
Published: May 2020

Background:

Metribuzin (Mtz), a pesticide often used on vegetable crops to control
broadleaf and grassy weed species has shown significant toxicity to humans and animals. Many
plant extracts have been reported to have multiple biological properties. Ephedra alata extract might
be useful in preventing and protecting the population from getting affected by metribuzin toxicity.

Objective:

The current study evaluates the protective effect of Ephedra alata aqueous extract against
metribuzin (Mtz) pesticide induced adverse effects on biochemical parameters as well as oxidative
stress in various tissues of rats.

Method :

This study was conducted on 24 Albino rats, which were divided into three groups; the first
served as a control, the remaining groups were respectively treated with metribuzin 1/5 of the LD50
(440 mg/kg b.w.) and a combination of Mtz and Ephedra alata aqueous extract at the dose level of
200 mg/kg b.w. for 50 days.

Results:

After 50 days of treatment, a significant increase in glucose levels was noticed in the
metribuzin-exposed group compared to the control. Mtz exposure resulted in the increase in plasma
urea and creatinine in rats, suggesting renal failure and caused also a significant induction of oxidative
damage in tissues as evidenced by increased activities of AST, ALT and ALP, increased levels
of malondialdehyde, decreased levels of reduced glutathione in Mtz group compared to the control.

Conclusion:

Ephedra alata aqueous extract at the dose level of 200 mg/kg b.w. supplementation has
significantly reduced the adverse effects of metribuzin. These findings suggest that Ephedra alata
extract may have protective effects by improving the antioxidant status in tissues and ameliorating
the harmful effects induced by Mtz.