bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of new proposed novel tooth numbering system for primary teeth
Authors: Thimmegowda Umapathy , Amrutha B , Krishnamurthy Navin Hadadi , Nagaraj Shetty Praveen Mallavalli , Kajapuram Premkishore , Prabhakar Ashwini Chikkanayakanahalli
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to check the reliability and applicability of new proposed tooth numbering system (TNS) for primary teeth that will aid the dentist to overcome the disadvantages of existing TNS and enable to note the primary teeth in an easier and more precise way.

Study Design:

This observational questionnaire survey was conducted in an institution consisting 11 questions in English format. Four hundred samples were randomly selected which included under graduates, postgraduates, and faculty. Self-structured questionnaires were given in order to assess the reliability and applicability of the new proposed TNS. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the responses between different study groups, and P value was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

According to the participants, the new TNS maintains the anatomical midline, easily readable, written and typed though required extra concentration. It is easy to converse and can be followed by beginners. It does not require extra timing and can be used routinely. With mixed dentition, it does not take more time, but there are chances of confusion or overlap while recording.

Conclusion:

The new Havale's Alphaneumarical Dental Notation system can be used routinely by undergraduates and postgraduates as well as clinicians and can apply or follow the system in regular dental practice.
Succinyl-CoA
Authors: Bahe Anupam
Published: January 2022

We describe a case of previously normal 22-month-old male who presented with vomiting, loose motions, lethargy, and seizures for 1 day. He had high anion gap metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and ketosis managed elsewhere as diabetic ketoacidosis. Early management included hemodynamic stabilization, mechanical ventilation, correction of metabolic acidosis, seizure control, and later peritoneal dialysis. He was finally diagnosed with succinyl CoA 3 ketoacid transferase deficiency, a disorder of ketone metabolism usually presents with metabolic acidosis, ketosis, and hypoglycemia. Most cases present during the neonatal period (50%) and remain up to 20 months of age. The pathognomic finding is a nonspecific elevation on ketones in urine gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Genomic sequencing is confirmatory.
Serial determination of inferior vena cava dimension and its correlation with clinical cardiopulmonary-cerebral assessment in children with septic shock
Authors: Umaiorubagam Sankaralingam , Santhanam Indumathy , Tiraviyam Ravichandran
Published: January 2022

Background:

Essential step in the management of septic shock is prompt recognition at an early stage and prediction of fluid responsiveness. Existing methods of assessing septic shock in children have limited accuracy. This study was conducted to determine the serial inferior vena cava (IVC) dimension and its correlation with clinical cardiopulmonary-cerebral assessment in children with septic shock.

Subjects and Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted from 1 month to 12 years of children with septic shock resuscitated in the emergency department. Serial ultrasound measurements of IVC/aorta ratio were obtained before and after each fluid bolus of 10 ml/kg over 20 min. Chi-square tests were used to find out whether the statistical differences between assessing fluid status with clinical parameters and assessing fluid status with IVC/aorta ratio after fluid boluses were really significant or not.

Results:

Hundred patients were enrolled and included in the final analysis. Using Chi-square test, there were significant (P < 0.05) strong associations between heart rate, pulse volume, capillary refill time, blood pressure, and IVC/aorta ratio during multiple assessments following fluid boluses.

Conclusions:

IVC/aorta ratio was statistically significantly associated with volume status and clinical assessment. A single assessment of IVC/aorta ratio did not appear useful. Serial determinations of IVC/aorta ratio emerged statistically significant in the assessment of fluid status in children with septic shock during resuscitation in the emergency department.
Atypical presentation of pediatric Rasmussen's encephalitis complicated by super-refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Suryawanshi Vaibhav Rajendra , Kalrao Vijay , Sarangi Bhakti U , Panda Bijoy Kumar
Published: January 2022

Few case studies of atypical presentation of pediatric Rasmussen's encephalitis (PRE) have been reported, but none of them described the emergence of super-refractory status epilepticus. Despite substantial advances in identifying the underlying routes, triggers, and etiology, the prognosis for Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) patients remains uncertain. Epileptic spasms with delayed onset in RE patients are common but not drug-resistant epilepsy. In this article, we aim to describe an atypical presentation of PRE which was complicated by super-refractory status epilepticus.
Complete agenesis of tibia with bilateral bifid femurs in a neonate - A rare variant of gollop-wolfgang complex
Authors: Dalal Jagjit Singh , Chhari Priyanka , Dayanand Sandeep Jhajra , Singh Jasbir , Dalal Monika
Published: January 2022

Gollop-Wolfgang complex (GWC) is a rare musculoskeletal anomaly consisting of unilateral femur bifurcation, ipsilateral tibial agenesis, and ectrodactyly. Only very few authors have reported GWC in neonates and mostly with the involvement of unilateral lower limb. Herein, we report a very rare case of neonate having bilateral femoral bifurcation and bilateral tibial agenesis with intact fibula.
Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Based Bile and Urine Metabonomics Study on the Ameliorative Effects of Curcuma wenyujin Rhizoma on Acute Blood Stasis in Rats
Authors: Hao Min , Zhao Meng-Ting , Tong Huang-Jin , Ji De , Li Lin , Su Lian-Lin , Gu Wei , Mao Chun-Qin , Lu Tu-Lin
Published: January 2022

Background:

Curcuma wenyujin rhizome (CWR) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine for treating blood stasis in China for 1000 of years. However, the underlying mechanism of CWR remains unclear.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to clarify the bioactive mechanism of CWR in treating blood stasis.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, pharmacological indexes, including hemorheology and four blood coagulation indexes were tested. Bile and urine metabolomics were engaged by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis were used to screen out differential endogenous metabolites.

Results:

The results indicated that CWR significantly ameliorated the hemorheology and coagulation functions of acute blood stasis (ABS) model rats. Moreover, 27 endogenous metabolites between the CWR group and the ABS group were screened, and the levels were all improved to certain degrees by CWR preadministration. Metabonomics results indicated that ABS was mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate intercereasonversions, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis.

Conclusion:

In a word, the metabolomics method is consistent with the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that can be a powerful means to illustrate the biological activity mechanism of CWR in treating blood stasis and to offer research demonstration for further study on the effector mechanism of TCM.
Response of Maize-Hybrids Phenology Under high Plant Population Density in parts of Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar A.W. , Mohammad U. , Dangora I. I.
Published: January 2022

Plant distribution in the field, as affected by plant density, has been one area that has received a great deal of attention over the last several decades. Population density, whether directly on the plant or indirectly on biotic factors associated with plant density is one of the most important factors in determining physiological attributes of a crop. Maize grain yield has a parabolic response to stand density that maximizes yield, which is widely known by the crop managers, physiologists and breeders; together with the concept that this optimum stand density varies with the environment. Development of breeding populations and hybrids with improved tolerance to high plant densities should be an important part of maize breeding programs. A field experiment was therefore conducted during 2015 and 2016 rainy season at Tudun Wada, Kano and Shika, Zaria in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in order to assess the phenological components of maize-hybrids at high plant population density. The experiment consisted of two plant populations of 53,333 plantha-1 and 88,888 plantsha-1 as main plot and eight recently developed drought–tolerant maize hybrids: M0826-7, M0926-8, M1026-10, M1026-13, M1124-4, M1124-10, M1227-12 and M1227-14 and two widely cultivated commercial hybrids as controls (Oba-98 and Oba super-1) as sub-plots laid out in a randomized split-plot design and replicated three times. Maize-hybrids responded to high plant population density in the two locations. Increasing plant population significantly decreased the phenology of maize-hybrids, which showed better adaptation of hybrids to high plant population density. Hybrids showed shorter days to maturity and shorter anthesis-silking interval. Maize-hybrids performed better at Zaria than at Tudun Wada because rainfall was higher and better distributed in this location. However recent hybrids were more tolerant to high plant population than the commercial hybrids, therefore the recently released maize-hybrids were more adapted to biotic stress.

Keywords: Biotic stress, Growth, Phenology, Plant population density and Maize-hybrids
Densitometric analysis of Radiation Absorbed Dose to Patients Undergoing Chest X-ray Examination in a Government Owned Hospital, Kano-Nigeria
Authors: Isa N.F. , Ahmad U.F. , Dambele M.Y. , Ibrahim U.M. , Ismail A. , Ige Taofeeq A.
Published: January 2022

Chest X-ray is one the most frequently required diagnostic procedures used in clinical practice to produce an image of organs, tissues and bones of the body with a significant impact on collective dose. However, the radiation dose received by patients from this procedure is likely to show large variations within and among radiodiagnostic centres. This could be traced to be lack of imaging protocols and a lack of local or national diagnostic reference levels. Although the radiation doses resulting from the X-ray procedures are usually measured in terms of effective dose entrance surface dose using electronic personal dosimeter (EPD), pocket dosimeter, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), film badges, and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD). For the sake of radiation protection, densitometric analysis was used to evaluate medical exposure for chest radiographs to determine the radiation doses using a point optical densitometer; PTW-DensiX with a range of 0 to 4.0 optical density. The hospital where this study was carried out is in Kano State. A total of sixty (60) chest radiographic films were collected from the hospital and the optical density of each radiographic film was measured five times at different spots. The mean optical density was obtained and converted by a mathematical relation to absorbed radiation dose in cGy. The results obtained in this study show that the mean absorbed X-ray dose was 0.78 ± 0.13 cGy and is low compared to the previous study held for hospitals in Osun State. Also, when compared with the excess dose of 0.10 Gy recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it was evident that radiological practice especially as it relates to chest radiographs at the hospital in Kano is within the recommended practice.

Keywords: Absorbed dose, Densitometer, Optical Density, Radiation, X-ray
Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Warwade Community, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Alhaji G. K. , Dogara M. M. , Balogun J. B. , Abubakaar M. M. , Sufi M. A. , Dawaki S. S , Usman M. Isah
Published: January 2022

There is currently no documented literature on the status of transmission of schistosomiasis in Warwade community situated near a dam. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the community. A total of 300 urine and stool samples from randomly selected participants were analysed for S. haematobium and S. mansoni using sedimentation and kato-katz techniques respectively. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to all the participants and in the case of minors their parents/guardians. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 to determine if there was any significant difference between schistosomiasis and demographic characteristics of participants as well as the association between schistosomiasis and risk factors at P<0.05. The results revealed an overall prevalence of 20.3% with urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis having 12.3% and 8% respectively .Out of every 8 persons in the community one had urinary schistosomiasis while in every 12 persons, one had intestinal and in every 5 persons, one had at least either of the species. Urinary schistosomiasis was higher in females, but was the opposite in intestinal infection. Schistosomiasis infection was highest among children ≤ 18 years and ≤40 years and the opposite was the case for intestinal schistosomiasis, where 19 to 29 years had the highest prevalence. Age and occupation were the risk factors associated with schistosomiasis infection at P<0.05. All the positive samples for urinary schistosomiasis subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification were positive. This study showed that Warwade community is endemic for schistosomiasis.

Keywords: Sedimentation, Kato-katz, schistosomiasis, endemic
Profitability of Small-Scale Broiler Farmers Production in Okpe Local Government Area of Delta State
Authors: Ifeanyichukwu Nwandu Peter
Published: January 2022

This study examined the profitability of small- scale farmers broiler production in Delta State, Nigeria. The small-scale broiler farmers are those who raise not more than 100 chicks for meat in a production process. The specific objectives were to evaluate the profitability of small- scale farmers broiler production. The study used multistage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from a randomly selected sample of 120 small scale poultry farmers from Delta State, Nigeria. Descriptive Statistics and Regression model were used in analyzing the data. Among the findings were that 45% were aged between 31 and 40 years. 74% were male headed households. Findings also showed that 58.3% were married while 89.1% had formal education either at primary, secondary, or tertiary level. The average household size was 4-6 persons, some had farming experience between 6 and 10 years. The gross margin was N74,900 while the net farm income was N50,100. The farmers return on investment (ROI)was N0.67 implying that for every one naira spent by broiler farmers in the study area attracts a gain of sixty-seven (67) kobo. Some of the major constraint on broiler production were high cost of feeds, lack of capital, pest/disease outbreak, pilfering, high mortality rate and shortage of water. It is recommended that government and private sector should provide feed to poultry farmers at a subsidized rate as that will encourage more farmers to venture into the business. Veterinary service should be provided to the farmers at affordable rate.

Keywords: Profitability, Small – Scale, Farmers, Broiler, Production
Cytological screening and Seroincidence of IgM with possible risk factors associated with naturally selected high risk group for Oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Daura, Katsina State
Authors: Hayatudeen M.R , Abdulkadir B. , Mukhtar A. , Aminu M.
Published: January 2022

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the developing countries and the seventh commonest cancer in the developed countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now known to be the main factor in the aetiology of cervical cancer with over 99.7% of cases being associated with previous high risk HPV infection. The aim of the research is to determine the risk factors and incidence of oncogenic human papilloma virus among women of reproductive age in Daura. This was a cross-sectional prospective study involving a total of 120 women. Questionnaires were administered to collect data such as socio-demographic and possible risk factors. Endocervical swab and serum samples were then collected from the participants. Samples were analyzed by Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay and Pap smear respectively. The findings of this research revealed and overall high seroincidence of 36.6% as well as significant difference between seroincidence rate of pregnant and non-pregnant women. The findings also revealed that 10-20 age groups had the higher seroincidence rate of (50.0%) with no statistical significant difference between age groups. None of the sociodermographic factors involved in the research show significant association with HPV infections. The result by type of marriage shows that similar seroincidence rate was obtained in both monogamy and polygamy forms of marriage (36.7%). The study also reveals that risk factors like sexual partners, HIV status and sexual debut are significantly associated with HPV infection (P<0.05). Sixty (60) participants show normal cytole under microscope with prevalence of 50.0% and those with abnormal cytole had prevalence of (16.7%) while lowest prevalence of (3.3%) was obtained from participants with high squamous intraepithelial lesions. These results demonstrate a high seroincidence of HPV infection among women in the study area. We recommend improved education regarding HPV and cervical cancer among the populace and increasing cervical cancer screening particularly to attendees of antenatal care to prevent HPV related morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: HPV; Cervical cancer; Endocervical swab; Seroincidence
Intensity duration frequency curve analysis for selected meteorological stations in North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Aybehon Eyoel Yigletu
Published: January 2022

The estimation of rainfall intensity is required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. Rainfall data of 11 – 23 years long from four stations was used to generate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves and parameters for selected stations in the study area. The daily rainfall data set obtained was then subjected to frequency analysis to determine the distribution which best characterizes the data set. The result showed that Log Person Type III was the best fit probability distribution function. The annual extreme values of rainfall depth were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. Ranked rainfall depths for each return period were converted to rainfall intensities. The corresponding rainfall intensities were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. IDF curves were developed using MIDUSS 2.25 software for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years and for durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and determined IDF parameters. The results shown that for shorter durations (1 hour and 2 hours), the IDF curves gave higher intensities for the same return period while for longer durations (3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h), they gave low intensities for the same return period. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable tool for the designing of hydraulic structures in the region. This study could serve as a spring board for other studies that imply the calculation of a peak flow and designing of hydraulic structures as an input to help improve flood resilience in the region.
Comparison of kernel density function in detecting effects of daily emission of Sulphur (IV) oxide from an industrial plant
Authors: Uzuazor Siloko Israel , Uyovwieyovwe Ejakpovi Simeon , Eghonghon Ukhurebor Kingsley , Akpevwe Siloko Edith , Chukwuka Ishiekwene Cyril
Published: January 2022

Air pollution is a major concern of environmentalists because of the importance of air to man and other living organisms. This paper is about the investigation on the effects of daily emission of Sulphur (IV) oxide from an industrial pollutant using a nonparametric estimator which is the kernel estimator. Nonparametric estimators are free from distributional assumptions owing to the fact that most real-life data are not from a particular family of distribution. The functionality of this estimator is contingent on the smoothing parameter also called the bandwidth that determines the degree of the smoothness applied when analyzing the data. The bandwidth is extrapolated by minimizing the asymptotic mean integrated squared error which is the objective function of the kernel estimator. In this investigation, we selected some kernel functions of the beta family with the Gaussian kernel and obtained their bandwidths or smoothing parameters with respect to their distribution. The result of the analysis showed that an increase in number of tons of Sulphur (IV) oxide was associated with higher concentration level of the gas which suggests a potential danger of the gas to humans, animals and plants in the environment.
Variabilité climatique et rendement maraicher dans les communes de Djougou et de Tanguiéta au Nord-Bénin
Authors: Babah-Daouda Malick , Yabi Afouda Jacob , Orou Wari Baké
Published: January 2022

La production maraîchère est potentiellement affectée par les effets de la variabilité des paramètres climatiques en Afrique de l’ouest. C’est pourquoi, la présente étude s’est proposée d’analyser l’impact de la variabilité climatique sur les rendements de la tomate et du piment dans les communes de Djougou et de Tanguiéta. Elle s’est appuyé sur une analyse des tendances pluviométriques et thermométriques de 1971 à 2020 de la zone d’étude et les test statistique de Pettitt (1979) et de corrélation de Spearman. L’évolution annuelle de la pluviométrie moyenne sur la période 1971-2020, a montré une tendance à la hausse dans la zone d’étude. Les années déficitaires représentent 52% dans la commune de Djougou et 48% dans la commune de Tanguiéta. Au cours de la période d’étude, la température de la zone d’étude a connu une hausse de 0,39 °C. L’application des tests de stationnarité aux données pluviométriques a permis de déterminer des années de ruptures à Djougou en 1992 et à Tanguiéta à 1989 au seuil de significativité de 95% synonyme de changements des conditions pluviométriques. Les corrélations établies entre les rendements et les séries pluviométriques ont montré qu’il n’existe pas de relations explicites entre ces deux variables.

Vegetable production is potentially affected by the effects of climate variability in West Africa. This is why, this study proposed to analyze the impact of climate variability on tomatoes and pepper yields in the municipalities of Djougou and Tanguiéta. It has based on an analysis of rainfall and temperature trends from 1971 to 2020 of the region and the statistical tests of Pettitt (1979) and Spearman correlation. The annual evolution of average rainfall over the period 1971-2020 shows an upward trend in the study area. Deficit years represent 52% for Djougou municipality and 48% for Tanguiéta municipality. During the study period, the temperature of the study area increased by 0.39 °C. The application of stationarity tests to rainfall data indicated the break in series in 1992 for Djougou municipality and 1989 for Tanguiéta municipality at the 95% significance threshold synonymous with changes in rainfall conditions. The correlations established between yields and rainfall have shown that there is no explicit relationship between these two variables.
Caractérisation de 118 variétés de cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum) en condition de déficit hydrique au Togo
Authors: Koffi Kokou Z. , Gnofam Nambou , Akantetou Komlan P. , Aziadekey Mawuli , Tozo Koffi
Published: January 2022

Le déficit hydrique est le principal facteur abiotique qui limite la productivité des cultures dans les conditions de l'agriculture pluviale. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’identifier les variétés de cotonnier (Gossypium. hirsutum) tolérantes au déficit hydrique au Togo. Pour cela, 117 accessions et une variété témoin de G. hirsutum ont été caractérisées sous les régimes hydriques optimal et déficitaire. Le dispositif expérimental a été un Alpha lattice avec 120 objets en trois répétitions. Onze caractéristiques agromorphologiques ont été mesurées. Les indices de sensibilité (DSI) et de tolérance (STI) au déficit ont été calculés. Les résultats ont révélé une grande variabilité au déficit hydrique au sein des accessions testées. Le déficit hydrique a entrainé une réduction du rendement en coton graine de 85%. Par ailleurs, nous avons noté qu’en condition de déficit, le rendement a été corrélé négativement avec le DSI et positivement avec les indices STI et GMP. Quatre groupes de variétés ont été distingués. Il s’agit des variétés tolérantes à haut ou faible potentiel de production et des variétés sensibles à haut ou faible potentiel de production. Les variétés tolérantes à haut potentiel de production constituent une source importante de géniteurs, pour l’amélioration de la résistance au déficit hydrique des variétés vulgarisées au Togo.

Drought is the major abiotic factor limiting crop productivity in rainfed agriculture conditions. This study aimed to identify cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) tolerant to water deficit in Togo. For this purpose, 117 accessions of G. hirsutum and one check variety were characterized under optimal and deficit water conditions. The check variety was repeated three times to have 120 objects. The experiment was arranged in Alpha lattice design with 120 objects and three replications. Eleven agromorphological traits were measured. The water deficit susceptibility index (DSI) and tolerance index (STI) were calculated. The results revealed a high variability within the tested accessions to water deficit. The water deficit resulted in a 85% reduction in seed cotton yield due to a decrease in the number of capsules per plant and average capsular weight. The results also showed that, under deficit conditions, yield was negatively correlated with DSI and positively correlated with STI. Four groups of varieties were distinguished. These were tolerant varieties with high or low production potential; susceptible varieties with high or low production potential. The tolerant varieties with high production potential constitute an important source of genes for the improvement of the resistance to water deficit of the cotton cultivars of Togo.
Genre, diffusion et adoption des technologies de gestion durable des terres dans les petites exploitations familiales des pays en voie de développement : une revue
Authors: Adjiba Sourou T. Christian , Adegbola Ygue Patrice , Yabi Jacob A.
Published: January 2022

La gestion durable des terres (GDT) est devenue un moyen pour combattre l’insécurité alimentaire et fournir un revenu adéquat aux producteurs dans les Pays En Voie de Développement (PEVD) face à la baisse de la fertilité des sols. Cet article avait pour but de synthétiser 145 documents sélectionnés dans la base de données Scopus menés sur les technologies de GDT pour ressortir les facteurs clés qui motivent leur adoption et les approches de diffusion appréciées pour leur mise à l’échelle. Les déterminants ont été regroupés en 4 sous-groupes. Le premier groupe était constitué des facteurs psycho-sociodémographiques. Le deuxième groupe était constitué des facteurs économiques. Le troisième groupe était constitué des facteurs institutionnels et le quatrième niveau concernerait les facteurs biophysiques. Cette revue et synthèse attire l’attention sur le fait de rendre palpable la participation des producteurs en les plaçant au coeur du processus d’adoption. Améliorer les taux d’adoption faible constaté passe donc par une batterie de mesures de politiques agricoles dans ces PEVD. Il faudra proposer des technologies types adaptées aux profils des agriculteurs et à l’environnement de leurs parcelles tout en travaillant sur l’amélioration de leur condition économique en passant par la fourniture de services institutionnels adéquats. Une attention particulière doit être apportée à la gente féminine qui est souvent laissée pour compte.

Sustainable land management (SLM) has become a means to combat food insecurity and provide adequate income to smallholders in developing countries (DC). This article synthesizes 145 papers selected from the SCOPUS database conducted on SLM technologies to highlight the key factors that motivate their adoption and the dissemination approaches appreciated for their scaling up. The determinants were grouped into 4 subgroups. The first group is made up of psycho-socio-demographic factors. The second group is made up of economic factors. The third group consisted of institutional factors and the fourth level concerned biophysical factors. This review and synthesis draws attention to making the participation of smallholders tangible by placing them at the heart of the adoption process. Improving the observed low adoption rates therefore requires a battery of agricultural policy measures in these DC. It will be necessary to offer standard technologies adapted to the profiles of farmers and the environment of their plots while working on improving their economic condition through the provision of adequate institutional service. Particular attention must be paid to women who are often overlooked.
Achieving energy efficiency for 5G at base stations level
Authors: Oborkhale L.I. , Nwaogu C.C. , Amadi O.A
Published: January 2022

As the era of 5th Generation (5G) networks is dawning, several pertinent issues associated with the improvements that have to be achieved in future communications are attracting increasing research attention. This work, considered achieving energy efficiency for 5G at base stations level. Energy efficiency simply means using less energy to perform the same task thereby, eliminating energy waste. The objective of this paper is to examine the ways of deploying energy efficient hardware at the base stations in order to make the base stations more green energy based. Considering the current energy concerns, base stations in emerging wireless networks range from low-energy BSS to high-energy BSS with entirely different constraints in either case. In view of these extremes, this paper examines the major components behind energy-efficient wireless communication network design during the peak and off-peak traffic periods. It was discovered that the Power amplifier consumes up to 59% of the energy at the base stations. Improving a Power amplifier by bringing linearity could improve the efficiency of the BS and hence reduce the energy crunch at the BS level from 59% to 51%.
Fluid-structure interaction: Advances on erectile functionality
Authors: Nzerem F.E. , Ugorji H.C.
Published: January 2022

In this work the interaction between the blood and the penile structures was treated in order to have an insight into erectile functionality. Coital consummation and, maybe, its concomitant tendency to procreate is only attainable when there exists a fluid-structure synergy. Remarkably, hemodynamic influence is the basis of the behaviour of the penile ‘utensils’ towards such consummation. The blood flow that induces penile engorgement that precedes vaginal intromission results in both tunical and vascular deformation, as was shown theoretically in this paper. The equations that govern blood flow and those that govern the penile structures’ response are derived. One of the results is the equation that furnishes the axial length of a penile shaft under axial displacement by using some tunical characteristics. Of much interest in erectile functionality is the concept of penile buckling. This was given attention here. Contrary to some insinuations occasioned by the treatment of the penile ‘shaft’ as a column subjected to axially compressive force that buckles under further application of a force, which was reported here, this work sees penile tissue detumescence resulting from the withdrawal of a force as the basis of penile axial buckling.
Evaluation of gastric polyps: a single-center study conducted in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Region
Authors: EKİN Nazım , EBİK Berat , BACAKSIZ Ferhat , SOLMAZ İhsan , ARAÇ Eşref , BİNGÖL Ferhat
Published: January 2022

Background: Gastric polyps are often detected incidentally during endoscopic procedures performed for different reasons and may sometimes manifest by gastric bleeding, pyloric stenosis, iron deficiency anemia and abdominal pain. Our study aimed to investigate the demographic data of the cases found to have gastric polyps at the gastroenterology endoscopy unit, histologic type of the polyps, their localization and size, and their relationship with Helicobacter pylori.

Material and Methods: Between September 2016 - September 2019, gastric polyps were detected in 255 of 9,771 cases who underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy at the Gastroenterology Endoscopy Unit of our hospital. Demographic data, endoscopy reports and pathology results of these patients were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital registry system.

Results: Of 255 cases included in the study, 160 (62.7%) were female, and 95 (37.3%) were male, with a mean age of 56.9 (min: 19, max: 95). A total of 336 polyps were detected in 255 cases, with 1.3 polyps per case. 36 (10.7%) of gastric polyps were found to be fundic gland polyps, 32 (9.5%) were found to be foveolar hyperplasia, 137 (40.8%) were found to be hyperplastic polyps, 5 (1.5%) were found to be xanthomas, and 6 (1.8%) were found to be neuroendocrine tumors.

Conclusions: According to this study, 90% of gastric polyps detected endoscopically in southeast Turkey are smaller than 5 mm and located most commonly in the corpus; the most common histologic subtype is hyperplastic polyps.
Nursing education and stress
Authors: KARACAN Yasemin , YILDIZ Hicran
Published: January 2022

It is necessary to provide a nursing education that includes sufficient theoretical and practical education in order to respond to the health problems and needs of the society and to train nurses who are open to learning and are aware of their social responsibility. During their nursing education, students may face various interpersonal and environmental stressors that affect their learning and performance. Students experience different levels of anxiety and stress during their nursing education. Nursing students' fear of failing exams and problems caused by the professor, team conflicts in the clinical environment, difficulties experienced during patient care, pain and suffering of patients, lack of knowledge, inability to cope in emergency situations, the attitude of clinical staff to the student, theoretical training in the clinic Problems such as incompatibility are cited as a source of stress. Students can give physiological, emotional and behavioral reactions due to the stress they experience. Stress in the nursing education process can negatively affect students' learning and performance.

Individuals use different methods of coping with stress, depending on their individual characteristics. Effective use of methods of coping with stress contributes to the successful coping of stressful situations that individuals encounter in their life. This review was conducted in order to draw attention to the stress experienced by students during their nursing education and the approaches to control this stress.
Case study on penetrating genito-pelvic pain disorder and proposal for evaluation and treatment by digital S-ONapp applications
Authors: Chereches Corina
Published: January 2022

Objective: The case study shows an improvement in genito-pelvic pain at acquired penetration, with moderate severity, characterized by persistent recurrent pain for 7 months.
Therapeutic methods: According to the patient's evaluation and psychometric tests, the result consisted of differentiated diagnosis of dyspareunia, with moderate severity. During the treatment, psychotherapeutic techniques were applied - purely cognitive therapy validated and standardized by Delcea et al., Relaxation techniques, desensitization therapy and pelvic floor.
Outcome of therapy: During sex therapy for a period of 4 months, with individual sessions - two with each individual and 10 couple sessions, the sexual disorder was improved, from 4 to 2, the quantification of the pain by the patient, on a scale of 1 to 5.
Conclusion: Sex therapy has been a real success by improving the relationship and sex of the couple. The two managed to improve their communication, to manage stress and nervousness situations through conflict management and in particular, to reconnect sexually through a better intimacy of the couple, rediscovering eroticism and sexual desire, thus ameliorating the genito-pelvic pain disorder. penetration.
Actitudes y rasgos psicológicos del entrenador universitario en los deportes de conjunto
Authors: Gavotto Nogales Omar , Encinas Trujillo Manuel , Vega Orozco Saúl
Published: January 2022

El estudio tiene el propósito de describir actitudes del entrenador deportivo a partir de las creencias de los jugadores y entrenadores de los equipos representativos de la Universidad de Sonora. La investigación responde a un estudio descriptivo transversal, no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo. Las actitudes del entrenador en los deportes de conjunto que confirmaron tanto entrenadores como jugadores incluyen los siguientes rasgos: es disciplinado y perseverante; es un ejemplo de bienestar y vida saludable; actitud ganadora; cuida la salud mental de mis jugadores; presiona hasta el límite a mis jugadores; utiliza frases optimistas para motivar; realiza charlas emotivas; establece metas y pronósticos realistas; realiza ejercicios de visualización para que sus jugadores entrenen mentalmente; se comunica de manera clara y directa, pero sin ofender a mis jugadores; es empático con las necesidades de los jugadores; se enfoca en lo que ocurre en el juego y trabaja colaborativamente.
Implementación del arbitraje virtual en México para la resolución de conflictos surgidos en el comercio electrónico
Authors: Toraya Vargas Julie
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo desarrolla y expone los beneficios del arbitraje virtual en el marco del comercio electrónico, proponiéndolo como el método útil y eficaz para obtener las soluciones a los problemas que surgen de las relaciones que se llevan a cabo en las compras vía on-line. Por ello, se analizó su rol y funcionamiento, a la vez que se hizo alusión a los retos que se presentan en la actualidad para su implementación en nuestro país.
The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Financial Performance of Micro Finance Banks
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Akbar Ali , Bilal Azhar , Khan Ali Junaid , Tahir Muhammad Sohail
Published: January 2022

The basic purpose of this study to examine effect of mergers & acquisitions on the financial performance of Pakistan's micro finance banks. Financial institutions must change their business strategies as a result of rapid technological advancements because they play such an important part in any country's economy. Several national and international studies on mergers and acquisition banking have been conducted to investigate the various elements. In this study, 13 financial ratios were calculated, which shows that there is no significant effect of mergers & acquisitions on the financial performance of microfinance banks in Pakistan. There are indicators that measured through financial ratios and the comparison is made using a paired T-test. Three years of data, two years before and one year after mergers & acquisitions, are taken as a sample. Out of 13 ratios, 11 ratios are examined: Investment to Total Assets (ITA), Deposit to Total Assets (DTA), Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Net Profit Margin (NPM).
Customer Loyalty in Airline Industry: A Literature Review
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Brescia, ITALY, Chanarpas Maethika
Published: January 2022

The aviation industry is one of the fastest-growing and highly competitive industries. Managing an airline’s passenger loyalty is essential to a competitive business and airline success. The researcher is interested in studying the key factors that affect airline passenger loyalty, which will lead to the strategic planning of airlines in the future. Therefore, the researcher chose to review the literature and previous research in the study to summarize the key factors affecting the loyalty and development of the research model. The study found that seven factors, directly and indirectly, affect airline passenger loyalty: perceived value, perceived service quality, complaint handling, satisfaction, trust, airline image, and commitment. Therefore, airline executives at all levels should focus on managing these seven factors to ensure passenger loyalty and ultimately lead to the success of their airline business.
Aligning PTCI Strategies to Global Corporate Strategies Using Scenario Planning
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Hermawan Pri
Published: January 2022

Profitability and growth are two important and essential measures to a firm existence and survivability. Profitability is critical to a company’s short-term existence, and growth is crucial to long term survivability. Every business wants to maintain its existence and bring value to its stakeholders. Divestment and merger acquisition are part of the company strategy to achieve business growth that fulfil the company objectives, purpose, vision, and mission. In the case of a multinational company, it normally would have a global corporate strategy. Subsidiary companies will follow the strategic guidelines from its parent company. Thus, subsidiary company needs to align its strategy to the parent global corporate strategy. Scenario planning used to answer the key focal issue about how to align subsidiary company strategy to its parent company global corporate strategy. One option for a firm to cope with uncertainty is scenario planning. Scenario planning is a unique tool compared to other decision analysis methodology. Scenario planning uses information on key uncertainties and certainties concerning the future to assemble an information rich illustration that provides eloquent descriptions of future worlds. The data collected in this study comes from literature studies, interviews, questionnaires with internal and external stakeholders. External analysis is using the PESTEL framework and Porter Five Forces model. While internal analysis is using Growth-Share matrix, VRIO framework, and Strategic Diamond model. Information is consolidated to give driving forces that would shape up the future. Two driving forces that give the highest impact and uncertainty, Indonesia economic growth and company Product Innovation, are defined as critical uncertainty and used to construct a 2×2 scenario matrix. The scenario matrix, implication, options, and early warning systems are explored for each scenario to align subsidiary company strategy to its parent global company strategies.
Prevalence of Enterobius Vermicularis Infections Among The Inhabitants of Okordia, Biseni and Zarama Communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State., Olorode Oluwayemisi A.
Published: January 2022

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is one of the helminthic worms belonging to the class nematode. It causes Enterobiasis which is a known public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. This study was carried out between November 2020 and August 2021, and aimed to evaluate the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among the inhabitants of Okordia, Beseni and Zarama communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. A cross sectional survey was adopted and a total of two hundred (200) stool samples were randomly collected from the inhabitants in these communities. Wet preparations (saline and lugol’s iodine), and formol ether concentration technique were used to analyzed the stool samples. The preparations were examined microscopically with 10× and 40× objective lens respectively. Overall results revealed a prevalence of 6(27.2%) Enterobius vermicularis infections among the inhabitants in the communities of which, males 4(66.7%) and females 2(33.3%). Among the inhabitants in the three communities, people within the ages of 5-15 years had the highest prevalence rate of about 50%. Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of E. vermicularis among the inhabitants in Okordia, Beseni and Zarama communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. This parasite is common among the people living in these communities; hence more epidemiological survey should be carried out in the studied area.
The State of the Nasal Cavity of Patients with Exudative Otitis Media
Authors:   Tashkent Medical Academy, Khasanov U.S.
Published: January 2022

The state of intranasal structures was compared in patients with EOM and AR and EOM without AR. It was determined that the most likely cause of the violation of the protective function of the nasal mucosa in patients with EOM and AR is serous inflammation, manifested by a number of structural and functional changes. Structural changes are characterized by de-epithelialization of the mucous membrane in the acute phase, an increase in the number of goblet cells, a change in the viscosity of the medium, and a change in the pH of the medium. Each of the described processes ultimately leads to a slowdown in mucociliary transport, which occurs in the patients with EOM and AR that we examined. Thus, the curvature of the nasal septum and other features of the architectonics of intranasal structures in patients with EOM to a lesser extent than in patients with EOM and AR affect the development of the disease.
The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Jigsaw Model and Team Game Tournament (TGT) on Dribling Ability in Football Games Class XI State High School 2 Gadingrejo
Authors:   Lampung State University, Ardian Cahyadi Surisman
Published: January 2022

Physical education learning process must be supported by adequate learning facilities and infrastructure, such as sports equipment and the field as a learning resource for physical education learning. If one of them is inadequate, both limited in quantity and quality, it will greatly affect the learning process, especially learning basic football techniques. Dribbling is an attempt to push the ball intermittently with the ball position not far from our feet and must be controlled by the dribbeler while running to achieve certain goals in the game of football. This study aims to determine how much influence the practice of the jigsaw cooperative learning model and the team game tournament (TGT) model on dribbling skills in the XI class football game of State High School 2 Gadingrejo. The method used in this study is a comparative experimental method, the population is 203 students, while the sample technique used is proportional random sampling of 40 students. The procedure in this study used Pre-test, Treatment and Post-test. The data analyzed is data from the results of the initial and final tests. Calculating the results of the initial and final tests using the T-test data analysis technique. The results of this study are; 1) There is a significant effect of the jigsaw model of cooperative learning on the ability to dribble the ball in soccer games. 2) There is a significant effect of the TGT learning model on the ability to dribble the ball in soccer games. 3) There is a significant difference between the experimental group of Jigsaw and TGT cooperative models.