bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustaining a Teacher Professional Learning Community in China Through Technology
Authors: Fleener Jayne , Lu Lianfang , Dun Jian , Mingquan Yang
Published: August 2017

This study explores the evolution of a professional learning community (PLC) of Chinese teachers over a multi-year period. A group of 16 teachers participated in a three-semester PLC over the 2008-2009 school years to develop master mathematics teachers in a school district in Beijing, China. The goal of the PLC, as identified by the teachers, was to improve instruction for greater student autonomy, creativity, and problem solving as they developed their master capacity building skills and networked relationships. This paper explores what has happened to these 16 teachers six years later, specifically considering how they may have used technology to further their development as master teachers. This study shows the potential of a PLC for self-adaptive, emergent behaviors and understandings that are instructional for transforming teaching practices, sustaining changes in teaching practices and preparing students for 21st century engagements.
Technology and Innovation in China's English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Classrooms
Authors: Paul Casey Medlock , Liu Hong Juan
Published: August 2017

This chapter will explore issues around technology and innovation in China's English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. In this chapter, the authors (a) discuss China's English language curriculum, (b) demonstrate the issues Chinese EFL teachers face with task-based language instruction, (c) explore how technology is currently used in EFL classrooms, and (d) examine how technology and innovative teaching methods can assist Chinese EFL teachers with integrating a communicative language approach in their classrooms. This chapter will also provide a case study of how one Chinese EFL teacher used technology to innovate EFL instruction.
Chinese Parents' Perspectives on International Higher Education and Innovation
Authors: Spires Hiller A. , Green Kathryn E. , Liang Pengcheng
Published: August 2017

Since the turn of the 21st century, international academic mobility (IAM) has greatly increased on the part of Chinese students, with many students choosing to study in colleges and universities abroad. This chapter reviews the literature related to Chinese students studying abroad and presents the results of a focus group study that investigated factors Chinese parents use when considering international higher education opportunities for their students as well as their perspectives on educational innovation. Results from the focus group indicate that parents value international educational experiences, believe technological advancement and innovation are keys to the future, desire rigorous, resource-rich educational opportunities for their children, and are concerned about financial needs and safety when their children attend universities abroad. Ongoing research of parents' motivation and expectations regarding international higher education and innovation is needed since there is a continuing trend of Chinese students attending institutions of higher education outside of China.
Teaching English Grammar in a Hybrid Academic ESL Course
Authors: Dixon Tülay , Christison MaryAnn
Published: August 2017

This study investigates whether hybrid instruction has a positive effect on the development of students' knowledge of English grammar and editing skills, as well as whether learners have positive perceptions of the hybrid design. The study was conducted in two sections of an English grammar and editing skills class. One section was designed as a hybrid course, while the other was a traditional face-to-face (f2f) class. To determine the effectiveness of hybrid instruction, a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and posttest was employed. To investigate learner perceptions of the hybrid design, learners completed a questionnaire and participated in a focus group. The results indicate that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their knowledge of English grammar and editing skills after the treatment. The learners had positive perceptions of the hybrid design and also offered some suggestions for improving course effectiveness.
Big Data and Cloud Computing
Authors: Tanque Marcus , Foxwell Harry J
Published: August 2017

Big data and cloud computing are transforming information technology. These comparable technologies are the result of dramatic developments in computational power, virtualization, network bandwidth, availability, storage capability, and cyber-physical systems. The crossroads of these two areas, involves the use of cloud computing services and infrastructure, to support large-scale data analytics research, providing relevant solutions or future possibilities for supply chain management. This chapter broadens the current posture of cloud computing and big data, as associate with the supply chain solutions. This chapter focuses on areas of significant technology and scientific advancements, which are likely to enhance supply chain systems. This evaluation emphasizes the security challenges and mega-trends affecting cloud computing and big data analytics pertaining to supply chain management.
Big Data Mining
Authors: Sucharita V. , Rao P. Venkateswara , Kalyan A. Satya , Rajarajeswari P.
Published: August 2017

At present in Big Data era mining of Big Data can help us find learning which nobody has possessed the capacity to find some time recently. There is a developing interest for tools and techniques which can prepare and investigate Big Data effectively and proficiently. In this chapter, the accessible information mining tools and techniques which can deal with Big Data have been abridged. This paper additionally concentrates on tools and techniques for mining of data and information streams. Through better analysis of the vast volumes of information that are getting to be accessible, there is the potential for making speedier progresses in numerous scientific areas what's more, making strides the productivity what's more, victory of numerous organizations. The challenges incorporate not just the self-evident issues of scale, be that as it may too heterogeneity, need of structure, error handling, protection, opportunities at all stages of the analysis from acquisition of data to obtaining to result.
Adaptive Control Strategies for Task Scheduler Using Internet of Things
Authors: Rao Adiraju Prashantha
Published: August 2017

The Internet of Things comprises billions of devices that can sense, communicate, compute and potentially actuate. The data generated by the Internet of Things are valuable and have the potential to drive innovative and novel applications which are one of the sources of Big Data. IoT connects real world objects to the internet using tiny sensors or embedded devices. One of the biggest advantages of the IoT is the increasing number of low-cost sensors available for many different kinds of functionalities. These sensors include a variety of devices and solutions. The trend is moving towards multi-sensor platforms that incorporate several sensing elements. In such environment, discovering, identifying, connecting and configuring sensor hardware are critical issues. The cloud-based IoT platforms can retrieve data from sensors. Therefore, IoT is a comprehensive inter-disciplinary technology, So, this chapter presents Better scheduling decisions should result in saving the time, utilization of resources and enable to meet the time constraints.
Mobile Cloud Gaming and Today's World
Authors: Butt Hallah Shahid , Jalil Sadaf , Umair Sajid , Khan Safdar Abbas
Published: August 2017

Mobile cloud computing is the emerging field. Along-with different services being provided by the cloud like Platform as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service, Software as a Service; Game as a Service is new terminology for the cloud services. In this paper, we generally discussed the concept of mobile cloud gaming, the companies that provide the services as GaaS, the generic architecture, and the research work that has been done in this field. Furthermore, we highlighted the research areas in this field.
Using Reflection to Increase Self-Regulation Among Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Arrastia-Chisholm Meagan Caridad , Torres Kelly M. , Tackett Samantha
Published: August 2017

Reflection is an important part of self-regulation and self-regulated learning promotes academic success in a variety of settings. In order for students to develop self-regulation, teachers can start early by modeling and explicitly teaching self-regulated learning skills. These skills should first be practiced during teacher training programs by pre-service teachers and teacher educators. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the development of self-regulation through the practice of reflection among pre-service teachers within teacher education programs. This chapter begins with describing the construct of self-regulation and the influence of teacher self-regulation on students. Next, the authors discuss the research and recommend research-based strategies that support the use of reflection as a tool to increase self-regulation skills among pre-service teachers. In the final section the authors discuss implications for teacher education programs and faculty.
Preparing Pre-Service Candidates as Effective Reflective Practitioners Using edTPA
Authors: Himangshu-Pennybacker Sumitra , Fuller David P.
Published: August 2017

Proponents of teacher education preparation advocate that in order for new teachers to be effective in their practice they must acquire skills as reflective practitioners, specifically as it relates to lesson designing and instruction and understanding individual student needs. This study demonstrates the use of edTPA reflective commentary to move teacher education candidates from a superficial professional reflection to becoming a reflective practitioner with an in-depth understanding of reflective practice and evidence-based instruction.
Free Media and Bank Reforms in West Africa
Authors: Owolabi Toyosi Olugbenga Samson
Published: August 2017

The growth of independent media has been observed globally to be a key factor in any nation's determination to create an enabling environment for sustainable development. In addition, it is believed that efficient banking institutions vividly illustrated by unhindered cash and credit flow are the linchpins of an unimpeded socio-economic development. This explains why Nigeria and some other countries in West Africa sub-region have quickly identified the critical roles free media could play in achieving the above tasks. This chapter, anchored under two normative theories of the media examined the strategic roles of independent media in banking sector reforms in West Africa sub-region. Besides, it appraised the degree of impacts which the interplay of media and bank reforms has produced in the development of the region. The study traced the origin of the media and banking industries in four countries and discovered the major trends that have occasioned the reforms. The challenges that constituted a drag in the wheel of effective communication of bank reforms and the implications for development were identified while recommendations were made to checkmate the trend.
In Search of Women-Supportive Media for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Akanni Tunde Musibau
Published: August 2017

As women all over the world keep advocating for the advancement of women's rights and allied matters, it becomes imperative to undertake relevant reviews. In line with this thought, this chapter investigated the likelihood of women-supportive media's coverage on two incidents: The Ugborodo women's protest of 2002 in the Niger Delta as well as the anniversary of International Women's Day in 2015. Interestingly, women from all over the world chose the same year to resolve on Planet 50-50 as a landmark commemoration of the Beijing Platform for Action, BPFA of 1995. Guided by the social responsibility theory of the media, the research methods used were both qualitative content analysis and in-depth interview. For content analysis, two national newspapers currently edited by women, The Sunday Punch and Saturday Punch newspapers were examined to ascertain the selected titles' reckoning for women's issues. Interviews were also conducted with women in the media, academia and civil society groups. The findings revealed that the selected newspapers, though edited by women, still needed some support to ensure inclusivity as it concerned women.
A Review of Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Issues in Public Health Communication
Authors: Taiwo Thanny Noeem , Olusola Oyewo Oyeyinka
Published: August 2017

This chapter attempts a review of the dominant issues relating to theoretical, conceptual and methodological directions in public health communication discourse. Through a combination of descriptive and meta-analytical reviews, the chapter analyses evidences from past studies in the field of public health communication with the aim of summarizing findings in order to find a clear path for future direction of research in this area. There is, therefore, efforts in the chapter at reviewing the major theoretical foundations that have driven scholarly discussions in this field from individual to interpersonal, community and institutional perspectives. The chapter also discusses wide raging conceptual issues relating to reproductive health, maternal mortality, child survival, mental health, infectious diseases as well as accident, trauma and emergency. Diverse methods used in studying public health communication were also reviewed in the chapter.
Basic Concepts on RIAs
Authors: Alor-Hernández Giner , Rosales-Morales Viviana Yarel , Colombo-Mendoza Luis Omar
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents an overview of RIA features, and it explains the most important concepts for RIAs development, as well as their benefits and importance in several domains. In this chapter, a standard architecture for RIAs is described. This architecture has three well-defined layers: 1) the client-side that renders the rich user interface, 2) a controller layer where the business logic is executed, and 3) a data transactions manager. Important domains of Web development are presented, and in each one of them, the importance of RIAs is explained emphasizing particular features of each domain. Finally, experiences and successful stories of using RIAs in B2C e-commerce domain are presented.
Software Design
Authors: Misra Rachita , Panigrahi Chhabi Rani , Panda Bijayalaxmi , Pati Bibudhendu
Published: August 2017

This chapter on “Software Design” emphasizes the role of modeling, prototyping, and simulation in software design. The chapter introduces the principles of software design, issues and challenges. Modeling techniques used in procedural and object oriented methodologies is presented along with the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The suitability of prototyping, as a design artifact and a simulation method is briefly discussed. Software processes such as Rapid Application Development (RAD), Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Agile methodologies which influence the design process have been discussed and recommended. The chapter then deals with Design Metrics for Quality Analysis, Software Risk Analysis and Threat Modeling for design of secure software. Finally, some of the recent research topics such as Model Driven Architecture (MDA), Model Driven Development (MDD), Meta Object Facility (MOF), and Model Driven Testing (MDT) have been covered.
An Agile Architecture for a Legacy Enterprise IT System
Authors: Pang Chung-Yeung
Published: August 2017

Back in the 1970s, applications mainly comprised programs written in COBOL. Many of these applications are still in operation. To meet new business demands, new applications that have to collaborate with existing programs need to be developed. It is possible to have an agile software architecture that enables easy development, extension and maintenance in COBOL. Such an architecture, and the agile development process, are presented in this article. The architectural design is a combination of the layered, component-based and service-oriented architectural patterns. It also includes features such as the centralized control of the business process, plug-and-play autonomous COBOL modules and context container for storing state data. A model-driven approach is used in the agile development process. Application models include UML class diagrams, state charts and activity diagrams from which various software artefacts and COBOL codes are generated. The architecture and development approaches were first introduced in 2004 and have been successfully applied to 13 applications since then.
Recovery and Refinement of Business Process Models for Web Applications
Authors: Marchetto Alessandro , Di Francescomarino Chiara
Published: August 2017

Web Applications (WAs) have been often used to expose business processes to the users. WA modernization and evolution are complex and time-consuming activities that can be supported by software documentation (e.g., process models). When, as often happens, documentation is missing or is incomplete, documentation recovery and mining represent an important opportunity for reconstructing or completing it. Existing process-mining approaches, however, tend to recover models that are quite complex, rich, and intricate, thus difficult to understand and use for analysts and developers. Model refinement approaches have been presented in the literature to reduce the model complexity and intricateness while preserving the capability of representing the relevant information. In this chapter, the authors summarize approaches to mine first and refine later business process models from existing WAs. In particular, they present two process model refinement approaches: (1) re-modularization and (2) reduction. The authors introduce the techniques and show how to apply them to WAs.
Countering Cross-Site Scripting in Web-Based Applications
Authors: Ray Loye Lynn
Published: August 2017

Today's dynamic web-based applications have become a normal and critical asset to an organizations business. They come with an increase in the number of web vulnerabilities and attacks. These weaknesses allow hackers to focus their attention on attacking this important information source. The most common vulnerability is cross-site scripting (XSS) and one of the Open Web Application Security project (OWASP) top ten web-threats. XSS occurs when a Web-based application allows untrusted information be accepted and sent back to a browser. Also they can execute scripts within a browser that can deface web sites, redirect users to malicious content and hijack browsers. One reason for this problem was the lack of developers understanding the causes of XSS. In this paper, the authors address the causes of XSS and countermeasures to defense against these threats.
Developing Security Enabled Applications for Web Commerce
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: August 2017

As more and more applications find their way to the World Wide Web, security concerns have increased. Web applications are by nature somewhat public and therefore vulnerable to attack. Today it is the norm to visit Web sites where logins and passwords are required to navigate from one section of the site to another. This is much more so required in a Web application where data is being manipulated between secure internal networks and the Internet. Web applications, no matter what their functions are, should not exchange data over the Internet unless it is encrypted or at least digitally signed. Security should be extended to the private-public network borders to provide the same authentication, access control, and accounting services that local area network (LAN) based applications employ. The most widely used method of Web application security today is Private Key Infrastructure (PKI). Various examples of PKI implementations are examined.
The Impact of Media Richness on the Usage of Web 2.0 Services for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Gyamfi Albert
Published: August 2017

The study investigates the impact of the use of web 2.0 applications on knowledge transfer in the Cocoa Sector in Ghana. Transferring knowledge via social media websites has received widespread attention by organizations. However, in most developing countries like Ghana, knowledge transfer still remains a major challenge, especially in the Cocoa Sector. The selection of media for a given task depends on the richness of the media and the characteristics of the task. The four modes of knowledge transfer theorized by Nonaka, require the use of media with varying degrees of richness. The study proposed that the usage of web 2.0 applications for the different modes of knowledge transfer can be affected by their media richness. And the use of web 2.0 applications for the knowledge transfer modes can influence knowledge transfer success. The study was conducted using a mixed method approach with a survey questionnaire. The results of the data analysis confirmed that the media richness of the selected web 2.0 applications affect their usage for the different modes of knowledge transfer.
Optimized and Distributed Variant Logic for Model-Driven Applications
Authors: Davis Jon , Chang Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

The customization of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) is expensive throughout its lifecycle, especially across an enterprise-wide distributed application environment. The authors' ongoing development of a temporal meta-data framework for EIS applications seeks to minimize these issues with the application model supporting the capability for end users to define their own supplemental or alternate application logic as what they term Variant Logic (VL). VL can be applied to any existing model object, defined by any authorized user, through modeling rather than coding, then executed by any user as an alternative to the original application logic. VL is also preserved during automated application updates and can also interoperate directly between similar model-based execution instances within a distributed execution environment, readily sharing the alternate logic segments. The authors also present an enhanced pre-processing architecture that optimizes the execution of Logic Variants to the same execution order of single path model logic.
Investigating the Use of Web 2.0 Technologies and Their Presence in Saudi Government Agencies' Websites
Authors: Altayar Mohammed
Published: August 2017

Government agencies in both developed and developing countries have started using social media to provide content and services. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of social media in Saudi government agencies. It adopts a quantitative approach. The study shows that Saudi government agencies are aware of social media and they use them for different purposes. The study argued that government agencies with less engagement with the public are less likely to use social media. Government agencies tend to publish the same content in different social media. Moreover, information dissemination and improving communication with the public were the main motivations for using social media. In terms of enablers, the study shows that awareness of the public about the importance of social media usage was an important issue. Regarding the challenges, lack of dedicated resources such as budget and specialized staff were the main challenges. The study contributes to the literature by addressing issues related to motivation, factors influenced the decision to adopt social media, enablers and barriers.
Managing and Influencing Consumer Behavior to Become a Worldwide Leader in the Apparel Industry
Authors: Viardot Eric
Published: August 2017

This chapter details the various strategies used by Zara, a leading apparel company, to manage and influence the behavior of its customers. The chapter starts with a brief history of Zara and an overview of the apparel industry. Then it details how Zara delivers realistic and achievable fashion for its customers, and it analyzes the revolutionary concept of “fresh” fashion that Zara has been the first to implement in the fashion business. Next, the chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the pivotal role of the store and the employees in the marketing strategy of Zara for managing and influencing its customers' purchasing behavior. Afterwards, the chapter considers the unique advertising and branding strategy of Zara and the influence of its strong and powerful brand on the fashion consumers. Finally, the chapter reflects on the challenges that Zara is currently facing with its expansion strategy in the Chinese market and on the Internet where consumers may have different expectations and behaviors.
Effects of Tool-Edge Form during the Drilling of CFRP
Authors: Hagino Masahiro , Inoue Takashi , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Hiroshi Usuki
Published: August 2017

The drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) involves many problems such as an extremely short tool life or CFRP delamination occurring at the exit surface of drill. In an effort to solve these problems, this experiment observed the form of the drill’s tool edge. Then, an investigated the form of the tool edge with regard to low-cost, high-precision, and high-efficiency machining processes. The thrust direction of the cutting force is decreased as the CFRP delamination at the exit surface of drill is decreased. It is considered suppressing the delamination on the exit surface of drill by reducing the thrust force during drilling. In this experiment, the CFRP materials had a thickness of 4 mm. This experiment used sintered carbide, straight shank drill tooling with a diameter of 6 mm. Ten different types of straight shank drills with different point angles and coating treatment were tested. Additionally, this experiment an evaluated the cutting force, the cutting temperature, and the CFRP delamination at the exit surface of drill through the drilling and processing of 100 holes. Moreover, this experiment an evaluated the effects of chamfering of honing the tool edge with regard to the drilling and machinability of CFRP. This experiment used CFRP material with a thickness of 8 mm and four types of sintered carbide drills. As a result, the CFRP delamination distance of the exit surface of drill became smaller at point angles 130° and 140°. No differences in the cutting force or the cutting temperature were observed due to the different point angles. The results of the evaluation indicated that for the case without honing, the thrust force becomes 1/3 less than that for the case with honing of the drill tool. Additionally, in the case of without honing, CFRP delamination was suppressed at the exit surface of drill.
The Investigation of Electrochemical Slurry Jet Micro Machining on the SKD11 Mold Steel
Authors: Fan Zhi Wen , Hourng Lih Wu , Chen Tsung Yu , Tsui Hai Ping
Published: August 2017

The electrochemical machining technology has unique processing characteristics, often used to machining the hard material. But electrochemical techniques applied to carbon steel or heat treatment after the material processing, surface generates a black layer after the processing that is carbon-rich layer. This layer is the product of a non-electrochemical reaction of precipitation that hinder the process, leading to reduced rate of electrochemical machining and increasing the surface roughness of workpiece. This study presents electrochemical micromachining combine abrasive slurry injection ways to improve electrochemical machining black layer problem. In this thesis, the hollow tube is used in 500 and 700μm, and the NaCl is chosen as the electrolyte to drill SKD11, and investigate the influence of different voltage, concentration, abrasive concentration, and electrode gap.
Generation of the Anti-Twist Crowned Helical Gear by Modifying the Gear Rotation Angle in the Hobbing Process
Authors: Hsu Ruei Hung , Wu Yu Ren , Chen Shih Sheng
Published: August 2017

In the gear-hobbing process, the work gear tooth flank is usually longitudinally crowned by varying the center distance between the hob and the work gear. Without crossed angle compensation, however, this center distance variation produces a twisted tooth flank on the work gear. This paper therefore proposes a methodology to reduce this tooth flank twist and achieve anti-twist in longitudinal crowning by modifying the gear rotation angle in the hobbing process which is practiced using a CNC hobbing machine with three synchronous axes.
The Effect of Heating to the Formability of Titanium Sheet by SPIF Technology
Authors: Nguyen Tan Hung , Le Khanh Dien , Nguyen Ngoc Phuong , Nguyen Huy-Bich , Nguyen Thanh Nam , Vo Tu Yen
Published: August 2017

In several last decades, Single Point Incremental Forming named as SPIF, a branch of Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF), is an advanced flexible manufacturing process to produce complex 3D sheet products especially for unique models such as personal cranium, cheek-bone,…applied in surgery. Presently, the SPIF technology has been continuously studied, applied and perfected for metal sheet manufacturing, especially Titanium and its alloys in some industrial sectors like aerospace, chemical engineering, and medical surgery. However, the formability of Titanium alloys is limited at room temperature that causes so many failures and tears of sheet workpiece when forming. This paper recommends a measure of increasing the plasticity of the formed metal sheet by heating. This paper studies on the effect of the control of temperature to increase the plasticity of the sheet workpiece. The accuracy of dimensions of the products under the effect of springback phenomenon in forming process at normal and high temperature of workpiece is also studied to show the effect of hot SPIF. The design of experiment (DOE) is also mentioned in this paper to select a set of suitable input parameters for the empirical process.
A Standard Procedure for Development Performance Map of CNC Machining Centers by Using Double Ball-Bar
Authors: Phankhoksoong Siriluk , Pramuanjaroenkij Anchasa , Ngamvilaikorn Tawee , Chungchoo Chatchapol
Published: August 2017

Currently, CNC machining centers have been designed to provide flexibility for a wide range of applications. They are widely used in the metal cutting industry with many advantages; their accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and productivity are the important factors. Generally, for CNC machining centers, the working area of the machine table is larger than the size of the workpiece. In case of machining small workpieces, the operators can produce several workpieces at the same time by setting several fixtures at different positions on the table. This can reduce setup time for cutting a new set of workpieces. However, the performance of a machine varies throughout the workspace. It is thus possible that two finished parts produced from the different positions of the table will have different values in geometric dimensioning and tolerance (GD&T). Therefore, in this study, the researchers developed a new procedure for establishing the performance map of CNC machines. As a result, the operators are able to know which area can produce workpieces with positional tolerances that do not exceed a given threshold. By using a CNC model DMC 635V DECKEL MAHO together with double ball-bar model Renishaw QC10 ball-bar as a case study, experimental results indicated that this procedure can provide a performance map of the machining centers efficiently.
Production of Cemented Carbide-Alumina Composite Material by Wet-Shaping Process
Authors: Ikuta Akihiko , Kyogoku Hideki , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: August 2017

In this study, the characteristics of the production process of cemented carbide-alumina composite material made using the wet-shaping process were investigated. The production process in this study produced a green compact of composite material by repeating the wet-shaping process for the molding of each material, and it made possible the sintering of plural materials with varying sintering conditions at the same time, a process that was difficult until now. By using wet-shaping and ultra-fine powder, which have superior sintering characteristics, sintering conditions were found in which it was possible to sinter cemented carbide and alumina at the same time, with a sintering temperature of 1723 K and a sintering time of 5.4 ks. With these sintering conditions, the relative densities of the sintered compact of cemented carbide and alumina were 99.0 % and 98.9 %, respectively. It is clear that the characteristics of sintered compact made with these sintering conditions are superior. When the cemented carbide slurry and the alumina slurry were layered by repeating the wet-shaping process, a composite material was able to be produced by inserting an active brazing filler metal in the interface to improve the bondability of the cemented carbide and the alumina during the sintering. However, it was observed that the active brazing filler metal and the cobalt in the cemented carbide flowed out from the interface between the cemented carbide and the alumina in the sintered compact of the composite material.
Influence of Micro End Mill Tool Run-Out on Machining Accuracy
Authors: Nakai Shin , Maeda Yukio , Goto Daisuke , Kato Kazuya , Tanaka Hideaki , Yazawa Takanori , Otsubo Tatsuki
Published: August 2017

Micro-channel chips used in micro total analysis systems have been attracting attention in the medical field. Photolithography, which is a technology used in semiconductor manufacturing, is used to manufacture micro-channel chip dies. This technology requires many processes, such as making photomasks, applying photoresist to a substrate, and the availability of expensive clean-room facilities. Micro-channel chips have ‘micro-channels,’ which are micro-grooves having a width of 30–100 μm. These fine grooves require high accuracy in manufacture; for example, the surface roughness on the bottom face is 1.0 μmRz. A previous study showed how tool run-out on the order of several μm incurred during micro-groove milling, reduced machining accuracy, and tool life. To bridge that gap, this study investigated how to form a fine groove by using micro endmilling. Specifically, a method was experimentally examined for reducing the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy by using two types of endmill—two-tooth square and ball—by modifying the tool setting angle. Modifying the tool setting angle improved the surface roughness of one side of the groove, and reduced change of cutting force in two-tooth square-endmilling. In addition, it was able to reduce the influence of groove width on tool run-out by up to 1/10. A modification of tool setting angle in ball endmilling reduced the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy.
Epitaxial Growth of Diamond by In-Liquid Plasma CVD Method
Authors: Gautama Pria , Toyota Hiromichi , Zhu Xia , Iwamoto Yukiharu , Nomura Shinfuku , Mukasa Shinobu
Published: August 2017

Currently, novel method to synthesize diamond film on material substrate called as in-liquid microwave plasma CVD (IL-MPCVD) has been achieved. It has been studied and improved in addition expected as new method instead of conventional gas phase microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD). The purpose of this study is to synthesize single crystal diamond using IL-MPCVD in high speed deposition. The experimental conditions, methanol was poured in to the reactor. Each of diamond particles (100) and (111) was embedded on the stainless steel substrates (SUS632J2). It was mounted to the substrate holder of in-liquid plasma equipment and installed on the top cover. The distance between the tip of the electrode and the substrate was kept to 1.5mm. A microwave of 2.45GHz was irradiated into the quartz glass tube reactor from the rectangular cavity resonator with 4 mm diameter tungsten electrode and the plasma was generated at its tip. The microwave was adjusted in appropriate power to maintain a certain substrate temperature. Diamond films were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Laser Microscope (LM). As a result, the best orientation for epitaxial growth was found to be (100) which have film growth gradually and smooth surface. Whereas (111) face has polycrystalline film with irregularity growth and rough surface. The remaining H and C after CO synthesis satisfying H/C>20 is necessary to synthesized diamond using IL-MPCVD. The deposition rate was about 32 μm/h when both single crystal and polycrystalline diamond film were synthesized.
Investigation of Grinding Fluid for Prevention of Chip Adhesion in Miniature Drilling of Glass Plate Using Electroplated Diamond Tool
Authors: Honda Kota , Mizobuchi Akira , Ishida Tohru
Published: August 2017

In the hole drilling process, produced chip cannot be released from the inside hole which leads to broken glass plate due to the adhered chip on tool. Chip discharge method was announced by many researchers. However, the method using the tool-only with drilling command is rarely seen. In this laboratory, we have developed a tool in order to discharge chip. The developed tool is capable in preventing chip adhesion and producing high quality and efficient hole drilling process. The developed tool has several hundred times longer tool life than a conventional tool. However, the amount of adhered chips on cutting tool increase as the number of hole drilling process increases. The chip adhesion condition is different according to the kind of grinding fluid. Adhesion of chips on tool can be related to the properties of grinding fluid. Thus, in this study, the types of grinding fluid used during the hole drilling process were investigated to determine the state of chip adhesion. Three types of grinding fluid used are Emulsion, Soluble and Solution and all of them include surfactant which is considered to have an effect on prevention of chip adhesion. The main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. Chip adhesion state was investigated after drilling process and it was found that instead of grinding fluid properties, surfactant also has significant effect on chip adhesion on tool by absorbing the adhered chip from the tool. The results showed that grinding fluid with long-chain surfactant has small amount of chip adhesion whereas grinding fluid with short-chain surfactant has large amount of chip adhesion. Therefore, it can be concluded that grinding fluid with long-chain surfactant is capable in preventing chip adhesion during hole drilling process.
Fatores Essenciais de Risco de Uso de Drogas por Adolescentes: Utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais
Authors: Costa Giovani Glaucio
Published: August 2017

A questão da identificação dos fatores que facilitam o uso de drogas por adolescentes é alvo de muitos estudos de autores que o pesquisam. Os fatores individuais de risco que ocasionam o uso de drogas por adolescentes, se combinados entre si, poderão atingir a mais de setenta possibilidades. Os pesquisadores ainda estão estudando as inter-relações entre os vários fatores já conhecidos, com a finalidade de se chegar a um provável consenso sobre o uso de drogas pelos jovens. Este artigo visou contribuir para a corroboração a cerca de fatores gerais consensuais que facilitam o uso de drogas por adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais os conceitos essenciais ou básicos, constructos, não observados diretamente, que pudessem resumir os fatores de risco diretos que aumentam, em diferentes intensidades, a probabilidade do jovem vir a consumir drogas. O artigo realizou uma pesquisa de percepção junto a uma amostra não probabilística de 124 psicólogos e assistentes sociais. A pesquisa questionava, numa escala de 0 a 10, a intensidade em que 20 fatores de risco individuais diretos aumentariam a probabilidade de um adolescente vir a usar drogas.A análise de dados  consistiu de uma análise de confiabilidade, de uma análise fatorial exploratória e de uma modelagem de equações estruturais, para verificar a existência de conceitos abstratos, identificá-los e confirmá-los. Os constructos, não medidos diretamente, seriam os fatores causais que explicariam e resumiriam os facilitadores diretos do consumo de drogas por menores de idade.“Fator de Risco Natural”, “Fator Evento e Experiência de Vida” e “Fator Social”, nesta ordem, provavelmente seriam os fatores latentes, os conceitos abstratos, o resumo teórico conceitual do que se percepção como fatores de risco facilitadores diretos do consumo de drogas não lícitas por adolescentes. Estes novos eixos temáticos sumarizam em 94,5% a variação das opiniões auferidas pelos pesquisados no estudo. A investigação é meramente preliminar, o ideal seria uma amostra com maior representatividade, mas abre caminhos para estudos mais generalizáveis sobre a temática estudada.
O teatro luso-brasileiro Oitocentista: entre a representação teatral e os processos de sociabilidade
Authors: Roiz Diogo Da Silva
Published: August 2017

Apresenta-se neste texto estudo da obra de Norbert Elias, indagando-se sobre a propriedade do uso das categorias “processo civilizador” e “configuração social” para interpretar o teatro luso-brasileiro Oitocentista. Para exemplificar a proposta tomou-se como base a peça: Elysa, e Luso, ou o templo de Venus, oferecido a sua magestade o senhor D. João VI, rei constitucional do Reino-Unido de Portugal, Brazil, e Algarves (de 1820).
O risco de desastre e as cidades: uma análise discursiva sobre práticas em Defesa Civil
Authors: Da Silva Juliana Catarine Barbosa , Menezes Jaileila De Araújo
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa de análise do discurso, buscou compreender e discutir o modelo de risco de desastre que fundamenta algumas práticas em defesa civil no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um breve levantamento crítico da história da defesa civil no país e foram analisados o Plano Nacional de Gestão de Risco e Resposta a Desastres Naturais 2012-2014 e a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil - lei federal 12.608/2012. Em nosso estudo encontramos um modelo de risco de desastres que fundamenta suas ações no gerenciamento de desastres naturais, em detrimento do debate sobre as vulnerabilidades sociais. Ressaltamos que os processos de urbanização atuais levaram pessoas pobres a habitar as periferias das grandes cidades, desenvolvendo um ordenamento territorial que as encurrala em áreas de risco que são naturalizadas, ou seja, as intercorrências que ali se dão são em sua maioria tratadas como desastres naturais.
Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NOx) in Europe
Authors: Oikonomakis Emmanouil , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. High surface ozone concentrations, which usually occur when photochemical ozone production takes place, pose a great risk to human health and vegetation. Air quality models are often used by policy makers as tools for the development of ozone mitigation strategies. However, the modeled ozone production is often not or not enough evaluated in many ozone modelling studies. The focus of this work is to evaluate the modeled ozone production in Europe indirectly, with the use of the ozone–temperature correlation for the summer of 2010 and to analyze its sensitivity to precursor emissions and meteorology by using the regional air quality model, CAMx. The results show that the model significantly underestimates the observed high afternoon surface ozone mixing ratios (≥ 60 ppb) by 10–20 ppb and overestimates the lower ones (
Application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches for exploration of rare earth elements in Se-Chahun iron ore, central Iran
Authors: Sarparandeh Mohammadali , Hezarkhani Ardeshir
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The use of efficient methods for data processing has always been of interest by researchers in the field of earth science. Pattern recognition techniques are appropriate methods for high-dimensional data such as geochemical data. Evaluation of geochemical distribution of REEs needs to use such methods. Especially multivariate nature of REEs data makes it a good target for numerical analysis. The main subject of this paper is application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches in evaluating geochemical distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Kiruna type magnetite–apatite deposit of Se-Chahun. For this purpose, 42 bulk lithology samples were collected from Se-Chahun iron ore deposit. In this study, 14 rare earth elements were measured with ICP-MS. Pattern recognition makes it possible to evaluate the relations between the samples based on all these 14 features, simultaneously. In addition to providing easy solutions, discovery of the hidden information and relations of data samples is the advantage of these methods. Therefore, four clustering methods (unsupervised pattern recognition) including modified basic sequential algorithmic scheme (MBSAS), hierarchical (agglomerative), k-means and self-organizing map (SOM) were applied and results were evaluated using silhouette criterion. Samples were clustered in four types. Finally, the results of this study were validated with geological facts, and analysis results such as SEM, XRD, ICP-MS and optical mineralogy. The results of k-means and SOM have the best matches with reality, experimental studies of samples and also field surveys. Since only the rare earth elements are used in this division, a good agreement of the results with lithology is considerable. It concluded that the combination of the proposed methods and geological studies, leads to finding some hidden information and this approach has the best results compared to using only one of them.
Vulnerability of bridges to scour: insights from an international expert elicitation workshop
Authors: Lamb Rob , Aspinall Willy , Odbert Henry , Wagener Thorsten
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Scour (localised erosion) during flood events is one of the most significant threats to bridges over rivers and estuaries, and has been the cause of numerous bridge failures, with damaging consequences. Mitigation of the risk of bridges being damaged by scour is therefore important to many infrastructure owners, and is supported by industry guidance. Even after mitigation, some residual risk remains, though its extent is difficult to quantify because of the uncertainties inherent in the prediction of scour and the assessment of the scour risk. This paper summarises findings from an international expert workshop on bridge scour risk assessment that explores uncertainties about the vulnerability of bridges to scour. Two specialised structured elicitation methods were applied to explore the factors that experts in the field consider important when assessing scour risk and to derive pooled expert judgements of bridge failure probabilities that are conditional on a range of assumed scenarios describing flood event severity, bridge and watercourse types and risk mitigation protocols. The experts' judgements broadly align with industry good practice, but indicate significant uncertainty about quantitative estimates of bridge failure probabilities, reflecting the difficulty in assessing the residual risk of failure. The data and findings presented here could provide a useful context for the development of generic scour fragility models and their associated uncertainties.
Stanford’s Perfect Storm
Authors: Bergesen Albert J.
Published: August 2017

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