bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A recombinant protein vaccine induces protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage subvariants
Authors: Yang Jingyun , Hong Weiqi , Shi Huashan , Wang Zhenling , He Cai , Lei Hong , Yan Hong , Alu Aqu , Ao Danyi , Chen Zimin , Zhou Yanan , Yang Hao , Yang Yun , Yu Wenhai , Tang Cong , Wang Junbin , Li Bai , Huang Qing , Hu Hongbo , Cheng Wei , Dong Haohao , Lei Jian , Chen Lu , Zhou Xikun , Yang Li , Wang Wei , Shen Guobo , Yang Jinliang , Zhao Zhiwei , Song Xiangrong , Sun Qiangming , Wang Youchun , Lu Shuaiyao , Li Jiong , Lu Guangwen , Li Weimin , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: February 2025

The emergence of XBB- and JN.1-lineages with remarkable immune evasion characteristics have led to rises in breakthrough infections within populations. In addition, the unfavorable impacts of immune imprinting, stemming from continuous exposure to antigens from circulated viruses, have been observed to incline immune response against earlier lineages, thereby declining the neutralization to newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In response to this, the advancement of next-generation vaccines against COVID-19 targeting components from new subvariants such as XBB-lineage is imperative. In the current study, a self-assembled trimeric recombinant protein (RBDXBB.1.5-HR) was generated by concatenating the sequences of the receptor binding domain (RBD) derived from XBB.1.5 with heptad-repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2 sequences from the spike S2 subunit. Adjuvanted-RBDXBB.1.5-HR induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by elevated neutralization against JN.1-inculuded subvariants and a substantial population of antigen-specific T memory cells. Protective immunity conferred by RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine was preserved post-immunization, as evidenced by germinal center B (GC B) and T follicular helper (Tfh) responses, sustained neutralization potency, and an increase in memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine showed a favorable boosting effect when administered heterologously after three doses of inactivated virus (IV) and mRNA vaccines. Significantly, it provided protection against live Omicron EG.5.1 viruses in vivo. The monovalent RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine showed favorable safety and immunogenicity, boosting neutralizing antibodies against JN.1- and XBB-lineage subvariants in individuals with prior COVID-19 vaccinations. These findings highlight its clinical potential in safeguarding against circulating Omicron subvariants.
Attenuated growth factor signaling during cell death initiation sensitizes membranes towards peroxidation
Authors: Gollowitzer André , Pein Helmut , Rao Zhigang , Waltl Lorenz , Bereuter Leonhard , Loeser Konstantin , Meyer Tobias , Jafari Vajiheh , Witt Finja , Winkler René , Su Fengting , Große Silke , Thürmer Maria , Grander Julia , Hotze Madlen , Harder Sönke , Espada Lilia , Magnutzki Alexander , Gstir Ronald , Weinigel Christina , Rummler Silke , Bonn Günther , Pachmayr Johanna , Ermolaeva Maria , Harayama Takeshi , Schlüter Hartmut , Kosan Christian , Heller Regine , Thedieck Kathrin , Schmitt Michael , Shimizu Takao , Popp Jürgen , Shindou Hideo , Kwiatkowski Marcel , Koeberle Andreas
Published: February 2025

Cell death programs such as apoptosis and ferroptosis are associated with aberrant redox homeostasis linked to lipid metabolism and membrane function. Evidence for cross-talk between these programs is emerging. Here, we show that cytotoxic stress channels polyunsaturated fatty acids via lysophospholipid acyltransferase 12 into phospholipids that become susceptible to peroxidation under additional redox stress. This reprogramming is associated with altered acyl-CoA synthetase isoenzyme expression and caused by a decrease in growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling, resulting in suppressed fatty acid biosynthesis, for specific stressors via impaired Akt-SREBP1 activation. The reduced availability of de novo synthesized fatty acids favors the channeling of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids. Growth factor withdrawal by serum starvation mimics this phenotype, whereas RTK ligands counteract it. We conclude that attenuated RTK signaling during cell death initiation increases cells’ susceptibility to oxidative membrane damage at the interface of apoptosis and alternative cell death programs.
Detection of ferrihydrite in Martian red dust records ancient cold and wet conditions on Mars
Authors: Valantinas Adomas , Mustard John F. , Chevrier Vincent , Mangold Nicolas , Bishop Janice L. , Pommerol Antoine , Beck Pierre , Poch Olivier , Applin Daniel M. , Cloutis Edward A. , Hiroi Takahiro , Robertson Kevin , Pérez-López Sebastian , Ottersberg Rafael , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Stcherbinine Aurélien , Patel Manish R. , Thomas Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Iron oxide-hydroxide minerals in Martian dust provide crucial insights into Mars’ past climate and habitability. Previous studies attributed Mars’ red color to anhydrous hematite formed through recent weathering. Here, we show that poorly crystalline ferrihydrite (Fe5O8H · nH2O) is the dominant iron oxide-bearing phase in Martian dust, based on combined analyses of orbital, in-situ, and laboratory visible near-infrared spectra. Spectroscopic analyses indicate that a hyperfine mixture of ferrihydrite, basalt and sulfate best matches Martian dust observations. Through laboratory experiments and kinetic calculations, we demonstrate that ferrihydrite remains stable under present-day Martian conditions, preserving its poorly crystalline structure. The persistence of ferrihydrite suggests it formed during a cold, wet period on early Mars under oxidative conditions, followed by a transition to the current hyper-arid environment. This finding challenges previous models of continuous dry oxidation and indicates that ancient Mars experienced aqueous alteration before transitioning to its current desert state.
Local halide heterogeneity drives surface wrinkling in mixed-halide wide-bandgap perovskites
Authors: Datta Kunal , van Laar Simone C. W. , Taddei Margherita , Hidalgo Juanita , Kodalle Tim , Aalbers Guus J. W. , Lai Barry , Li Ruipeng , Tamura Nobumichi , Frencken Jordi T. W. , Quiroz Monnens Simon V. , Westbrook Robert J. E. , Graham Daniel J. , Sutter-Fella Carolin M. , Correa-Baena Juan-Pablo , Ginger David S. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: February 2025

Compositional heterogeneity in wide-bandgap (1.8 − 2.1 eV) mixed-halide perovskites is a key bottleneck in the processing of high-quality solution-processed thin films and prevents their application in efficient multijunction solar cells. Notably, mixed-cation (formamidinium-methylammonium) wide-bandgap perovskite films are prone to form micrometer-scale wrinkles which can interfere with the smooth surfaces ideal for multijunction devices. Here, we study the formation dynamics of wrinkled mixed-halide perovskite films and its impact on the local composition and optoelectronic properties. We use in situ X-ray scattering during perovskite film formation to show that crystallization of bromide-rich perovskites precedes that of mixed-halide phases in wrinkled films cast using an antisolvent-based process. Using nanoscopic X­-ray fluorescence and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging, we also demonstrate the formation of iodide- and bromide-rich phases in the wrinkled domains. This intrinsic spatial halide segregation results in an increased local bandgap variation and Urbach energy. Morphological disorder and compositional heterogeneity also aggravate the formation of sub-bandgap electronic defects, reducing photostability and accelerating light-induced segregation of iodide and bromide ions in thin films and solar cells.
Paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical significance of Paleocene – early Eocene ostracods in Wadi Tarfa, North Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Moneer El Sayed M. , El-Sheikh Islam , Bazeen Youssef S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates ostracod faunas from the well-preserved Paleocene to lower Eocene sedimentary succession at Wadi Tarfa, North Eastern Desert, Egypt. A total of 22 species and subspecies across 16 genera and 8 families were identified across 57 samples. Three zones were identified: Doricythereis jordanica jordanica Zone, Cytheropteron toshkaensis Zone, and Phalcocythere horraensis Zone, based on the stratigraphic distribution of ostracod fauna. However, correlations with other sections revealed inconsistencies in the first and last occurrences of ostracod species, indicating complexities in regional biostratigraphic correlation by ostracod fauna and the influence of localized depositional factors. Both R-mode and Q-mode clustering analyses were applied to ostracod assemblages, identifying four distinct faunal clusters and five biofacies, reflecting depositional changes from outer neritic to upper bathyal environments. The late Paleocene revealed reduced ostracod diversity, correlating with a deepening marine environment, particularly in the Tarawan Formation. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analyses indicated significant paleobiogeographic connections between North African and Levantine sites, while faunal differentiation was greater in West African and Middle Eastern regions due to marine barriers.
Rapid evolution of energetic lightning strokes in Mediterranean winter storms
Authors: Kolmašová I. , Santolík O. , Kolínská A. , Pédeboy S. , Lán R. , Uhlíř L.
Published: February 2025

The occurrence of winter lightning concentrates in a few specific regions in the world, including the Mediterranean, where electromagnetic signatures of this interesting dangerous phenomenon have not yet been studied in detail. We investigate the initial stage of energetic negative cloud-to-ground winter lightning flashes in the West Mediterranean region using broadband magnetic field measurements (5 kHz–90 MHz) recorded in winter 2014/2015, which was unusually rich in global lightning activity. We found that the winter pre-stroke processes leading to the high peak current lightning (<−100 kA) lasted on average only 1.7 ms (in one case only 220 µs). Rapid evolution of energetic lightning indicates that leader initiation charge centers can be as low as 500 m above the ground. The measured distribution of pre-stroke pulse amplitudes and interpulse intervals can be used to model the charge structure in the lower thundercloud dipole and to derive the properties of in-cloud lightning channels.
Multivariate compound events drive historical floods and associated losses along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts
Authors: Ali Javed , Wahl Thomas , Morim Joao , Enriquez Alejandra , Gall Melanie , Emrich Christopher T.
Published: February 2025

Compound flooding events are a threat to many coastal regions and can have widespread socio-economic implications. However, their frequency of occurrence, underlying flood drivers, and direct link to past socio-economic losses are largely unknown despite being key to supporting risk and adaptation assessments. Here, we present an impact-based analysis of compound flooding for 203 coastal counties along the U.S. Gulf and East coasts by combining data from multiple flood drivers and socio-economic loss information from 1980 to 2018. We find that ~80% of all flood events recorded in our study area were compound rather than univariate. In addition, we show that historical compound flooding events in most counties were driven by more than two flood drivers (hydrological, meteorological, and/or oceanographic) and distinct spatial clusters exist that exhibit variability in the underlying driver of compound flood events. Furthermore, we find that in more than 80% of the counties, over 80% of recorded property and crop losses were linked to compound flooding. Nearly 80% of counties have a higher median loss from compound than univariate events. For these counties, the median property loss is over 26 times greater, and the median crop loss is over 76 times greater for compound events on average. Our analysis overcomes some of the limitations of previous compound-event studies based on pre-defined flood drivers and offers new insights into the complex relationship between hazards and associated socio-economic impacts.
Embedded bioprinting of dense cellular constructs in bone allograft-enhanced hydrogel matrices for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Truong Hang , Abaci Alperen , Gharacheh Hadis , Guvendiren Murat
Published: February 2025

We present an extrusion-based embedded bioprinting strategy to fabricate dense cellular constructs within bioactive MeHA hydrogels containing human bone microparticles, providing a scalable platform for bone tissue engineering.
Deferasirox HOF and its in situ metallization enabling a new family of lanthanide coordination polymer-based MHOFs
Authors: Cao Y.M. , He Y. , Pei X. Y. , Liang Jia-Xing , Feng Jing , Wang H , Bo Qi-Bing
Published: February 2025

Pure organic HOFs (hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks) lack the stronger coordination bonds and some functional sites attached to their parent structures. It is important to graft functional metal ions into single...
Structural, strength and fracture mechanisms of superconducting transition metal nitrides TM3N5 (TM = W and Mo)
Authors: Yan Haiyan , Zhang Wenhui , Chen Lei , Zhang Yun , Wang Hui , Zhang Meiguang , Wei Qun
Published: February 2025

Transition metal (TM) nitrides are recognized for their outstanding and highly desirable properties, categorizing them as a class of multifunctional material with diverse industrial applications. In particular, the newly synthesized...
UV-Vis spectrophotometric determination of rare earth elements (REE) speciation at near-neutral to alkaline pH. Part II: hydrolysis of Er from 25 to 75 °C
Authors: Han Hannah Juan , Gysi Alexander P
Published: February 2025

Aqueous speciation of rare earth elements (REE) controls their mobilization, fractionation, and enrichment in the natural waters. Geochemical modeling of their speciation is key to improve our understanding of the...
20.0% Efficiency of Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by A Novel Wide Band Gap Polymer Guest Donor
Authors: Zhou Junkang , Zhou Xinjie , Tu Lijun , Wu Siqi , Xia Xiaomin , Jia Hongge , Song Xin , Shi Yongqiang
Published: February 2025

Ternary strategy has emerged as a promising approach to further improve the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a novel wide bandgap polymer donor P(BTzE-BDT) was synthesized and...
Electron exchange capacity of dissolved natural organic matter: further method development and interpretation using square wave voltammetry in dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Hudson Jeffrey M. , Cao Han , Xu Wenqing , Tratnyek Paul G.
Published: February 2025

Square wave voltammetry in DMSO is further developed to measure electron exchange capacities (EEC) of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM). The significance of measured EECs using this method are discussed and compared to conventional techniques.
Disparities in potential nitrate exposures within Iowa public water systems
Authors: Mantey Emmanuel Padmore , Liu Lu , Rehmann Chris R.
Published: February 2025

Disparities exist for marginalized populations (i.e., low-income populations) when it comes to potential exposure to elevated nitrate in drinking water.
TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE EARLY SALIVARY PROTEOME AFTER THE ORAL STIMULATION WITH WINE DIFFERS BY INDIVIDUAL 6-n-PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PROP) TASTER STATUS
Authors: VELAZQUEZ MARTINEZ RAFAEL IZAI , Munoz-Gonzalez Carolina , Marina Ramírez Anabel , Pozo-Bayon Maria Angeles
Published: February 2025

Differences in the oral responsiveness to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) between taster (Ts) and non-taster (NTs) individuals has also been related to differences in the long-lasting wine astringency perception,...
Dietary methionine restriction restores wheat gluten-induced celiac-associated small intestine damage in association with affecting butyric acid production by intestinal flora
Authors: Yu Tian , Gao Jinyan , Yuan Juanli , Yin Zicheng , Chen Xiao , Wu Yang , Dai Ruoyan , Yan Dongxia , Chen Hongbing , Wu Yong
Published: February 2025

Dietary methionine restriction could effectively ameliorate the gluten-induced celiac-associated small intestine damage.
Comparative Analysis of Chitin Isolation Techniques from Mushrooms: Toward Sustainable Production of High-Purity Biopolymer
Authors: Zannat Akhiri , Eason Isaac , Wylie Benjamin , Rogers Robin , Berton Paula , Shamshina Julia L.
Published: February 2025

Chitin, an abundant and versatile biopolymer, is widely used across industries such as biomedicine, agriculture, and materials science. Traditionally sourced from crustacean waste, its extraction poses environmental and allergenic challenges,...
Diagnosing the Role of Hydrogen Bonding in the Organization, Aggregation, and Optical Properties of Phthalhydrazide-Functionalized Molecules in Solution and Solid State
Authors: Pan Cheng-Yen , Grinalds Nathan J. , Ghiviriga Ion , Abboud Khalil A , Xue Jiangeng , Castellano Ronald K
Published: February 2025

To realize optoelectronics based on self-assembling organic semiconductors, it is imperative to have both excellent molecular design and conditions that facilitate well-behaved molecular assembly. We previously reported how hydrogen-bond (HB)-directed...
Antarctic bacterial natural products: from genomic insights to drug discovery
Authors: Medeiros William , Kralova Stanislava , Oliveira Valéria , Ziemert Nadine , Sehnal Ludek
Published: February 2025

The article highlights the available data on Antarctic bacteria, their biosynthetic potential, and the successful NP discoveries while addressing the challenges in NP research and advocating for systematic, collaborative research in Antarctica.
Optical Label-Free Microscopy Characterization of Dielectric Nanoparticles
Authors: Garcia Berenice , Olsen Erik , Skärberg Fredrik , Volpe Giovanni , Höök Fredrik , Midtvedt Daniel
Published: February 2025

In order to relate nanoparticle properties to function, fast and detailed particle characterization is needed. The ability to characterize nanoparticle samples using optical microscopy techniques has drastically improved over the...
Geometry-directed cyclisation within the transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation of dimethacrylates
Authors: Smith Corinna , Penrhyn-Lowe Oliver B. , Mckeating Samuel , Wright Stephen , Dwyer Andrew B. , Rannard Steve P.
Published: February 2025

Transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation creates highly cyclised polymers at low solids, however, due to its constrained geometry neopentylglycol dimethacrylate forms high molecular weight cyclised structures at high solids.
Scalable access to functional nylon 6 via ring-opening copolymerization of biobased δ-valerolactam with ε-caprolactam
Authors: Mao Yahui , Li Maosheng , Tao Youhua
Published: February 2025

Both monomer and copolymer synthesis proved scalable. Polymers’ properties were excellent and they could react with electrophiles to produce diverse functional materials.
Boosting CO2 and benzene adsorption through π-hole substitution in β-diketonate Cu(ii) complex within non-porous adaptive crystals
Authors: Ikumura Yoshinori , Kawasaki Tadashi , Ishida Yuki , Usui Hirotomo , Uchida Sayaka , Kamata Kazuki , Nomura Mikihiro , Hori Akiko
Published: February 2025

A fully fluorinated β-diketonate Cu(ii) complex enhances CO2 and benzene adsorption via quadrupole interactions. Despite structural similarity, it exceeds the partially fluorinated counterpart, emphasizing charge distribution's role in selectivity.
Tough and self-healing waterborne polyurethane elastomers via hydrogen bonds and oxime–carbamate design for wearable flexible strain sensors
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ren Mengqing , Chen Ming , Wu Lili
Published: February 2025

A rigid-soft phase-separated structure with multilayered rigid and flexible supramolecular segments was designed and achieved high self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties. And, it has the potential to be used in electronic skin.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by a cobalt porphyrin mini-enzyme
Authors: Salamatian Alison A , Alvarez-Hernandez Jose L , Ramesh Karishma B , Leone Linda , Lombardi Angela , Bren Kara L
Published: February 2025

Cobalt-mimochrome VI*a (CoMC6*a), a cobalt synthetic mini-enzyme with a cobalt porphyrin active site, is developed as a biomolecular catalyst for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in water. The catalytic turnover number reaches...
Adhesion study at the interface of PDMS-elastomer and borosilicate glass-slide: Effect of modulus and thickness of elastomer
Authors: Kumar Susheel , Majhi Chiranjit , Khare Krishnacharya , Singh Manjesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Adhesion control at the interface of two surfaces is crucial in many applications. Examples are the design of micro and nanodevices such as microfluidic devices, biochips, and electronic sensors. Adhesion...
High yield ammonia production via glucose oxidation assisted electrochemical nitrate reduction
Authors: Chaturvedi Akansha , Kaur Sukhjot , Garg Kalpana , Nagaiah Tharamani Chikka
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3-) reduction reaction (NO3RR) provides a potential route for the synthesis of value-added ammonia (NH3) and removal of nitrate pollutants. However, this reaction is limited by nitrate adsorption...
Constructing a polycrystalline hybrid ternary CuS/Co3O4 with supported graphitic nitride electrocatalyst for bifunctional water splitting reactions
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Abbas Zahir , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: February 2025

The development of low-cost, durable, and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting across various media is essential for clean energy production.
Urease-coupled systems and materials: Design strategies, scope and applications
Authors: Haranal Shashikumar , Ranganath Vinay Ambekar , Maity Indrajit
Published: February 2025

Synthetic systems have co-opted urease, a crucial enzyme serving many biological functions, to recapitulate complex biological features. Therefore, the urease-urea feedback reaction network (FCRN) is reciprocated with soft materials to...
Control and interplay of scaffold-biomolecules interactions applied to cartilage tissue engineering.
Authors: Dupuy Silouane , Salvador Jeremy , Morille Marie , Noel Daniele , Belamie Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Cartilage tissue engineering based on the combination of biomaterials, adult or stem cells and bioactive factors is a challenging approach in regenerative medicine with the aim of achieving the formation...
Regulation of Aggregation-enhanced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Butterfly-shaped Donors-Acceptor Conjugates
Authors: Upadhyay Manoj , Ray Debdas
Published: February 2025

We studied how ether-linked benzophenone and dibenzofuran/dibenzothiophene-functionalized benzophenone as auxiliary groups in carbazoles-phthalonitrile conjugates influence aggregation-enhanced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (AE-TADF). CDBFPN and CDBFPN exhibited AE-TADF due to their unique...
Inherent antibacterial properties of mannose-containing polynorbornene glycomaterials
Authors: Hall Brady A. , Wadsworth Ophelia J. , Breiner Logan M. , Chappell Jacob C. , Brenner Andrew S. , McCord Jennifer P. , Lowell Andrew N. , Schulz Michael D.
Published: February 2025

Mannose-containing glycopolymers display antibacterial properties even in the absence of antimicrobial moieties like cations or antibiotics.
Tunable orange-deep red photoluminescence in amorphous KZn1−xMnx(PO3)3 phosphors and anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Jiang Jiayue , Wang Hao , Zhao Tingting , Xu Yixuan , Li Junlong , Cheng Hu , Zhang Fei , Yang Dongliang , Gong Yu , Lin Chuanlong , Li Xiaodong , Li Yanchun
Published: February 2025

KZn1−xMnx(PO3)3 phosphors have three phases. Among them, an amorphous phosphor exhibits a wide spectral range of luminescent color tunability and has no TL traps, while the β-KZn1−xMnx(PO3)3 phosphor exhibits strong TL properties.
Synthesis and stability of collagen mimetic peptides featuring δ-heteroatom-substituted prolines
Authors: Gerrein Taylor A. , Wright Madison M. , Cano-Sampaio Natalia , Del Valle Juan R.
Published: February 2025

Substituting the central proline residue in a collagen mimetic peptide with δ-oxaproline affords a faster-folding analogue with equivalent triple helix stability.
Selective perfluoroalkylation and defluorination functionalization of indoles
Authors: Li Meina , Wang Guizhao , Leng Faqiang
Published: February 2025

A solvent-promoted strategy for selective C–F bond activation was reported for the hydrodefluorination and hydroxydefluorination of indoles using heptafluoro-2-iodopropane.
Enhanced coupling of perovskites with semiconductive properties by tuning multi-modal optically active nanostructured set-ups for photonics, photovoltaics and energy applications
Authors: Elyamny Shaimaa , Bracamonte A. Guillermo
Published: February 2025

This review describes the coupling of semiconducting materials with perovskites as main optically active elements for enhancing the performance depending on the optical set-up and coupling phenomena.
Boosting bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis by integrating Fe-Nx moieties and FeNi nanoparticles for highly efficient and long-life rechargeable zinc-air batteries
Authors: Ahmed Zubair , Kozlova Jekaterina , Kukli Kaupo , Kikas Arvo , Kisand Vambola , Treshchalov Alexey , Käärik Maike , Leis Jaan , Aruväli Jaan , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: February 2025

Realizing high-performance and long-life rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) requires developing highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as the low efficiency...
Unlocking exceptional sodium ion storage capability of manganese dioxide via controllable incorporation of cation vacancies
Authors: Gao Peng , Yang Jiaofeng , Luo Kang , Ke Jinlong
Published: February 2025

Defects engineering has been widely considered as a promising structure modulation strategy to realize enhanced Na+ storage in MnO2, however, incorporation of cation vacancies in a controllable manner is still...
Can circumstellar interaction explain the strange light-curve features of Type Ib/c supernovae?
Authors: Nagy Andrea P. , Bodola Zsofia R.
Published: February 2025

The evolution and surrounding of the progenitors of stripped-envelope supernovae are still debated: some studies suggest single-star progenitors, but others prefer massive binary progenitors. Moreover, the basic physical properties of the exploding star and its interaction with circumstellar matter could significantly modify the overall light-curve features of these objects. To better understand the effect of stellar evolution and circumstellar interaction, systematic hydrodynamic calculations are needed. We test the hypothesis that circumstellar matter generated by an extreme episodic η Carinae-like eruption that occurs days or weeks before the supernova explosion may explain the differences related to the general light-curve features of stripped-envelope supernovae. We present our bolometric light-curve calculations of single-star and binary progenitors generated by hydrodynamic simulations via MESA and SNEC . We also studied the effect of an interaction with close low-mass circumstellar matter assumed to be created just a few days or weeks before the explosion. In addition to generating a model light-curve grid, we compared our results with some observational data. We found that the shape of the supernova light curve alone can indicate that the cataclysmic death of the massive star occurred in a binary system or was related to the explosion of a single star. Moreover, our study also shows that confined dense circumstellar matter may cause the strange light-curve features (bumps, rebrightening, or steeper tail) of some Type Ib/c supernovae.
Exploring coronal abundances of M dwarfs at moderate activity levels
Authors: Chebly J. , Poppenhager K. , Alvarado-Gomez J.D. , Wood B. E.
Published: February 2025

Main sequence stars of spectral types F, G, and K with low to moderate activity levels exhibit a recognizable pattern known as the first ionization potential effect (FIP effect), where elements with lower first ionization potentials are more abundant in the stellar corona than in the photosphere. In contrast, high activity main sequence stars such as AB Dor (K0), active binaries, and M dwarfs exhibit an inverse pattern known as iFIP. We aim to determine whether or not the iFIP pattern persists in moderate-activity M dwarfs. We used XMM-Newton to observe the moderately active M dwarf HD 223889 that has an X-ray surface flux of log F_ X, surf = 5.26, the lowest for an M dwarf studied so far for coronal abundance patterns. We used low-resolution CCD spectra of the star to calculate the strength of the FIP effect quantified by the FIP bias (F_ bias) to assess the persistence of the iFIP effect in M dwarfs. Our findings reveal an iFIP effect similar to that of another moderately active binary star, GJ 338 AB, with a comparable error margin. The results hint at a possible plateau in the T_ eff-F_ bias diagram for moderately active M dwarfs. Targeting stars with low coronal activity that have a coronal temperature between 2,MK and 4,MK is essential for refining our understanding of (i)FIP patterns and their causes.
PySCo: A fast particle-mesh N-body code for modified gravity simulations in Python
Authors: Breton Michel-Andrès
Published: February 2025

We present a fast and user-friendly Python library designed to run cosmological N-body simulations across various cosmological models, such as ΛCDM (Λ with cold dark matter) and w_0w_aCDM, and alternative theories of gravity, including f(R), MOND (modified newtonian dynamics) and time-dependent gravitational constant parameterisations. employs particle-mesh solvers, using multigrid or fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods in their different variations. Additionally can be easily integrated as an external library, providing utilities for particle and mesh computations. The library offers key features, including an initial condition generator based on up to third-order Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT), power spectrum estimation, and computes the background and growth of density perturbations. In this paper, we detail architecture and algorithms and conduct extensive comparisons with other codes and numerical methods. Our analysis shows that, with sufficient small-scale resolution, the power spectrum at redshift z = 0 remains independent of the initial redshift at the 0.1% level for ini ≥ 125, 30, and 10 when using first, second, and third-order LPT, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that acceleration (or force) calculations should employ a configuration-space finite-difference stencil for central derivatives with at least five points, as three-point derivatives result in significant power suppression at small scales. Although the seven-point Laplacian method used in multigrid also leads to power suppression on small scales, this effect can largely be mitigated when computing ratios. In terms of performance only requires approximately one CPU hour to complete a Newtonian simulation with $512^3$ particles (and an equal number of cells) on a laptop. Due to its speed and ease of use is ideal for rapidly generating vast ensemble of simulations and exploring parameter spaces, allowing variations in gravity theories, dark energy models, and numerical approaches. This versatility makes a valuable tool for producing emulators, covariance matrices, or training datasets for machine learning.
A Pontryagin Maximum Principle for agent-based models with convex state space
Authors: Almi Stefano , Durastanti Riccardo , Solombrino Francesco
Published: February 2025

We derive a first order optimality condition for a class of agent-based systems, as well as for their mean-field counterpart. A relevant difficulty of our analysis is that the state equation is formulated on possibly infinite-dimensional convex subsets of Banach spaces. This is a typical feature of many problems in multi-population dynamics, where a convex set of probability measures may account for the population, the degree of influence or the strategy attached to each agent. Due to the lack of a linear structure and of local compactness, the usual tools of needle variations and linearisation procedures used to derive Pontryagin type conditions have to be generalised to the setting at hand. This is done by considering suitable notions of differentials and by a careful inspection of the underlying functional structures.
Invertibility of Sobolev maps through approximate invertibility at the boundary and tangential polyconvexity
Authors: Mur-Callizo David , Mora-Corral Carlos
Published: February 2025

We work in a class of Sobolev $W^{1,p}$ maps, with $p > d-1$, from a bounded open set $\Omega \subset \Rd$ to $\Rd$ that do not exhibit cavitation and whose trace on $\partial \Omega$ is also $W^{1,p}$. Under the assumptions that the Jacobian is positive and the deformation can be approximated on the boundary by injective maps, we show that the deformation is injective. We prove the existence of minimizers in this class for functionals accounting for a nonlinear elastic energy and a boundary energy. The energy density in $\O$ is assumed to be polyconvex, while the energy density in $\p \O$ is assumed to be tangentially polyconvex, a new type of polyconvexity on $\partial \Omega$.
The Co-Surgeon model for Microsurgical Free Flaps: A Survey of Perspectives and Utility.
Authors: Giannas Emmanuel , Alba Brandon , Harmon Kelly A , Fritsch Annie , Kurlander David , Shenaq Deana , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Reid Chris , Matros Evan , Mehrara Babak , kokosis george
Published: February 2025

Background. Reconstructive microsurgery remains a demanding field, requiring technical expertise and long operating hours. This places microsurgeons at increased risk of dissatisfaction and burnout. The co-surgeon model has been developed to mitigate these challenges. This study was designed to evaluate microsurgeon perspectives on the characteristics and impact of the co-surgeon model for microsurgical free flaps.
Methods. An electronic anonymous survey was distributed via email to attending microsurgeon members of the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgeons. The survey collected various demographic and practice-related information including Likert scale questions to assess microsurgeons perspectives on the utility of the co-surgeon model.
Results. A total of 862 microsurgeons received the survey, with 102 responses available for analysis. The average age of respondents was 46.6 (±9.7) years. Most of the microsurgeons were male (71%) practicing in the US (93%), with 74.5% of respondents utilizing a co-surgeon model in their practice. Bilateral breast flaps were the most common microsurgical procedure performed using a co-surgeon (85%), followed by head and neck free flaps (60%), with Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction being the least common (3.1%). On the day of the co-surgery case, the co-surgeon was more likely than the primary surgeon to have additional cases (68.4% and 36.4% respectively), with the additional cases being rarely free flaps. More than 80% of microsurgeons stated that the co-surgeon model improves “very much” or “quite a bit” operative efficiency and duration, as well as surgeon wellbeing and career longevity.
Conclusion. This study provides new insight on the utility of using a co-surgeon for free flap reconstruction by demonstrating that approximately 80% of microsurgeons have a positive perception of the model’s impact on procedure efficiency, operative time, surgeon wellbeing, and career longevity. Therefore, adopting a co-surgeon model for microsurgical free flap reconstruction may be useful in reducing burnout and promoting wellbeing among microsurgeons.
Brazilian medical oncologists: current and future perspectives for 2020
Authors: Portich Júlia Plentz , Giacomazzi Juliana , Morelle Alessandra Menezes , Rosa Daniela Dornelles , Rossari José Roberto Freitas , de Azambuja Evandro
Published: February 2025

Objective: In the USA there will be a shortage of medical oncologists by 2020. In Europe, a recent study showed that almost all analyzed countries will reach the estimated need. However, no data on this subject is available for Brazil, a developing country with a high cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to predict the Brazilian scenario for 2020. The number of practicing medical oncologists was obtained through Federal Council of Medicine in August 2014.

Methods: Data on cancer incidence (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) since 2008 were obtained from Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA).

Results: Cancer incidence estimates for year 2020 were analyzed assuming a stable increase between 2014 and the subsequent years. Ratios of new cancer cases versus number of medical oncologists were calculated for 2014 and for 2020 per each Brazilian region. Based on the variation ratio per year, the Brazilian cancer incidence in 2020 is estimated to be 393,75/100,000 compared with 289,44/100,000 in 2014. The number of medical oncologists in Brazil will increase by 2020 in comparison to 2014, especially due to the growth of training vacancies. There will still be a heterogeneous distribution of medical oncologists through the different Brazilian regions and also a high number of patients per MO.

Conclusion: The more critic region to oncology care seems to be the Midwest. This survey shows the need of a monitoring and planning program in oncology assistance in all Brazilian regions.
Analysis of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) Data for Prognosis, Risk Categorization, and Survival of AML Patients Using Bioinformatics
Authors: Rishi Bhavika , Zaman Shamsuz , Siraj Fouzia , Vishmaya Sree , Dhanda Himanshu , Kaur Manpreet , Swain Sandeep , Noor Baseer , Chaudhry Sumita , Jain Ankur , Prabhakar Prashant , Singh Amitabh , Misra Aroonima
Published: February 2025

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a leading cause of mortality among Indian children and adults, driven by diverse genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Limited access to genomic sequencing in India due to resource constraints has hindered a comprehensive understanding of prognostic factors specific to this population.

Objectives This study aims to analyze publicly available genomic data using statistical and bioinformatics tools to identify key prognostic markers relevant to Indian AML patients.

Materials and Methods The study utilized tumor/normal pair data from 200 adult de novo AML patients, obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database, analyzed using cBioPortal. Statistical and bioinformatics tools were employed to assess the impact of existing prognostic targets on disease response and to identify variables with clinical relevance and practical testing feasibility.

Results Analysis of the TCGA-AML data set identified high-frequency gene mutations (≥ 10%) and well-defined cytogenetic subtypes, including t(8;21)(q22;q22), NPM1 mutations, and CEBPA mutations as key factors for future prognostic evaluation. These findings will contribute to the development of a prognostic scoring system using R programming in future.

Conclusion This study offers insights into the cytogenetic and mutational landscape of AML in the Indian population, identifying critical genetic and cytogenetic markers with the potential to enhance prognostication, guide treatment strategies, and inform transplant decisions. Using R tools like limma and edgeR, differential expression analysis identified five key genes—NPM1, FLT3, IDH2, RUNX1, and STAG2—as significantly upregulated in AML. Notably, STAG2 emerges as a novel marker with potential prognostic significance, warranting validation in larger Indian cohorts. These findings may help uncover novel therapeutic targets not currently recognized in Western populations, paving the way for a more tailored and personalized approach to treatment in India. By leveraging global genomic databases, this research addresses regional gaps in knowledge. Future work should focus on validating these findings through large-scale studies in Indian cohorts to ensure their broader applicability and impact.
Modeling wind load on tapered high-rise buildings
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: February 2025

Models of high-rise buildings with tapered peaks that include the effect of ground roughness and wind load estimations can facilitate aerodynamic optimizations in real life
Electrospinning strategies targeting fibroblast for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Chen Long , Wu Ping , Zhu Yu , Luo Han , Tan Qiang , Chen Yongsong , Luo Dan , Chen Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

The high incidence and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a substantial clinical and economic burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Fibroblasts, characterized by their intrinsic cellular plasticity and multifunctional capabilities, play key roles in the pathophysiological processes underlying DFUs. Hyperglycemic conditions lead to a cascade of biochemical alterations that culminate in the dysregulation of fibroblast phenotype and function, which is the primary cause of impaired wound healing in DFUs. Biomaterials, particularly those engineered at the nanoscale, hold significant promise for enhancing DFU treatment outcomes. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, with their structural and compositional similarities to the natural extracellular matrix, serve as an effective substrate for fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and migration. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological behavior of fibroblasts in DFUs and the mechanism mediating wound healing. At the same time, the mechanism of biological materials, especially electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, to improve the therapeutic effect by regulating the activity of fibroblasts was also discussed. By highlighting the latest advancements and clinical applications, we aim to provide a clear perspective on the future direction of DFU treatment strategies centered on fibroblast-targeted therapies.
Fault diagnosis of the mine ventilation system based on OCKIELM
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Wang Qizheng
Published: February 2025

To address the difficulties in obtaining fault samples from mine ventilation systems and the lack of real-time online diagnostic theories, a method combining One-Class Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (OCKELM) with incremental learning is proposed for online fault diagnosis of sequentially arriving sample data. Based on sample data from the normal operation of the ventilation system, the kernelized form of OCKELM is provided, and the expressions for the kernel function and kernel weight vector are derived. The kernel weight vector is updated, and the output values of the samples are estimated as new samples are absorbed according to the incremental learning method. Finally, the model’s test threshold is determined based on two threshold criteria. The proposed method is applied to the University of California Irvine (UCI) datasets and Dongshan Coal Mine. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm can quickly and accurately identify faulty branches, achieving a fault diagnosis accuracy of 94.8% with millisecond-level time consumption. Compared to support vector data description, principal component analysis, and one-class support vector machine methods, this method exhibits superior performance across F1, area under the curve, and G-mean metrics.
Numerical investigation of fluid-structure interaction in valved piezoelectric pump by offset in solid meshes
Authors: Huang Zijian , Ren Lei , Liu Jing , Chen Song , Qian Zhihui , Wu Jianan , Li Ying , Ren Luquan
Published: February 2025

A more accurate and comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) model of valved piezoelectric pumps is proposed using fluid-structure-electromagnetic coupling. The valve mesh offset avoids truncation in the fluid domain caused by valve collisions, offering a solution to the solid-solid collision problem within the fluid domain. The impact of offset distance, drive parameters, and structural parameters on the output flow, internal pressure, and flow field within the cavity of the valve-integrated piezoelectric pump is systematically discussed. The primary results are as follows: (1) As the offset distance decreases, the convergence of the model decreases significantly, and therefore, the offset distance should not be less than 3.0 × 10−7 m. (2) The output flow varies with driving frequency, showing a trend of increase and then decrease, with a peak value at 250 Hz. (3) As the chamber height increases, the output flow gradually increases and stabilizes at 0.5 mm, with no further increase. (4) The optimal driving frequency was 250 Hz, with a peak performance of 21.5 ml/min, demonstrating a trend of increase followed by a decrease. (5) The cantilever valve offers superior sealing performance compared to the umbrella valve and wedge valve under the same specifications, with less reflux per cycle. (6) Flow field, pressure, and stress diagrams visually demonstrate the valve motion process under the interaction between the piezoelectric actuator and the fluid. This work provides a more accurate and cost-effective solution for the design of valved piezoelectric pumps, offering important guidelines for further pump design.
Thermohydraulic performance of a printed circuit heat exchanger with ribbed cross-connected semicircular channel
Authors: Yun ZeHua , Song KeWei , Zhang Qiang , Wu Xiang , Hou QingZhi , Su Mei
Published: February 2025

The printed circuit heat exchanger is a highly efficient device characterized by its compact design and exceptional resistance to high temperatures and pressures, enabling its widespread application in various fields. This study introduces a novel channel design for the printed circuit heat exchanger, where a ribbed cross-connected channel structure is implemented to enhance heat transfer performance compared to traditional designs. The Finite Volume Method is employed to simulate the effects of rib structure parameters (d/e) on the printed circuit heat exchanger's flow and heat transfer characteristics under laminar flow conditions. The results demonstrate that incorporating a unique ribbed channel design generates stronger longitudinal vortices, leading to a more uniform mixing of the fluid in the channel. At the same time, the presence of ribs reduces the thickness of the thermal boundary layer, thereby leading to more effective heat exchange in compact spaces. Compared to channels without ribs, Nu for the ribbed cross-connected channels increased by up to 24.51%, with a corresponding 32.02% increase in f. The study reveals that the optimal heat transfer performance is obtained with a height-to-width ratio of 5, whereas the best overall performance is attained with a height-to-width ratio of 4. When d/e = 4, the performance evaluation criterion is enhanced by 14.5% compared with the channel without ribs. The proposed ribbed cross-connected channel can significantly enhance thermohydraulic performance, offering substantial potential for practical applications in printed circuit heat exchangers.
Aqueous flow in the anterior chamber with angle-supported intraocular lens
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Babu A. Benerji , Flarence M. R.
Published: February 2025

Inserting of anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses are emerging as a transformative option for vision correction, offering individuals with high myopia and thin corneas a safe and effective solution without compromising the natural lens. Implantation of a Z-shaped anterior chamber lens fourth generation (ZSAL-4) can change the typical flow patterns of aqueous humor. To study this flow patterns, we utilized advanced computational fluid dynamics using Ansys Fluent. This method originated as a novel approach to measuring fluid flow and comprehending the complex mechanics of human eye. This research displays the effect of anterior chamber depth and White to White on velocity, pressure, wall shear stress, skin friction coefficient, strain rate, stream function, and pathlines.