bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Oxyhalide‐Nitride Fast Ionic Conductors for All‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Baochen , Li Ruhong , Zhu Haotian , Zhou Tao , Lv Ling , Zhang Haikuo , Zhang Shuoqing , Chen Long , Wang Jinze , Xiao Xuezhang , Deng Tao , Chen Lixin , Wang Chunsheng , Fan Xiulin
Published: May 2024

Rechargeable all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) utilizing inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising for electric vehicles and large‐scale grid energy storage. However, the Li dendrite growth in SSEs still constrains the practical utility of ASSLMBs. To achieve a high dendrite‐suppression capability, SSEs must be chemically stable with Li, possess fast Li transfer kinetics, and exhibit high interface energy. Herein, a class of low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and sustainable oxyhalide‐nitride solid electrolytes (ONSEs), denoted as LixNyIz‐qLiOH (where x = 3y + z, 0 ≤ q ≤ 0.75), is designed to fulfill all the requirements. As‐prepared ONSEs demonstrate chemically stable against Li and high interface energy (>43.08 meV Å−2), effectively restraining Li dendrite growth and the self‐degradation at electrode interfaces. Furthermore, improved thermodynamic oxidation stability of ONSEs (>3 V vs Li+/Li, 0.45 V for pure Li3N), arising from the increased ionicity of Li─N bonds, contributes to the stability in ASSLMBs. As a proof‐of‐concept, the optimized ONSEs possess high ionic conductivity of 0.52 mS cm−1 and achieve long‐term cycling of Li||Li symmetric cell for over 500 h. When coupled with the Li3InCl6 SSE for high‐voltage cathodes, the bilayer oxyhalide‐nitride/Li3InCl6 electrolyte imparts 90% capacity retention over 500 cycles for Li||1 mAh cm−2 LiCoO2 cells.
Constructing High‐Active Surface of Plasmonic Tungsten Oxide for Photocatalytic Alcohol Dehydration
Authors: Tian Dehua , Liu Xiaolei , Li Juan , Wang Zeyan , Cai Xiaoyan , Chen Jiangyi , Jin Hao , Li Baojun , Lou Zaizhu
Published: May 2024

Plasmonic semiconductors with broad spectral response hold significant promise for sustainable solar energy utilization. However, the surface inertness limits the photocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel approach is proposed to improve the body crystallinity and increase the surface oxygen vacancies of plasmonic tungsten oxide by the combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl) regulation and light irradiation, which can promote the adsorption of tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) on plasmonic tungsten oxide and overcome the hindrance of the surface depletion layer in photocatalytic alcohol dehydration. Additionally, this process can concentrate electrons for strong plasmonic electron oscillation on the near surface, facilitating rapid electron transfer within the adsorbed TBA molecules for C‐O bond cleavage. As a result, the activation barrier for TBA dehydration is significantly reduced by 93% to 6.0 kJ mol−1, much lower than that of thermocatalysis (91 kJ mol−1). Therefore, an optimal isobutylene generation rate of 1.8 mol g−1 h−1 (selectivity of 99.9%) is achieved. A small flow reaction system is further constructed, which shows an isobutylene generation rate of 12 mmol h−1 under natural sunlight irradiation. This work highlights the potential of plasmonic semiconductors for efficient photocatalytic alcohol dehydration, thereby promoting the sustainable utilization of solar energy.
Tuning Transition Metal‐Containing Molecular Magnets by On‐Surface Polymerization
Authors: Baranowski Daniel , Cojocariu Iulia , Schio Luca , Bolaños Carolina Gutiérrez , Floreano Luca , Dreiser Jan , Carlotto Silvia , Casarin Maurizio , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus Michael
Published: May 2024

Porphyrins are promising multifunctional units particularly interesting for the realization of molecular nanodevices. Their structural variety allows to create precursors suitable for the on‐surface polymerization of porphyrin blocks. The corresponding increased stability and improved transport properties of the formed polymerized molecular nanostructures make them practically worthwhile. For the case of 2D porphyrin materials, the effect of polymerization on the magnetic properties of transition metal ions has not been reported yet. Therefore, details on the properties of an extended covalent nickel tetraphenylporphyrin network formed via Ullmann coupling on the Cu(111) surface are reported. By using photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies together with density functional theory calculations, it is systematically evolving how the functional properties of the Ni centers are changed within a polymerized molecular structure in comparison to single‐molecule nickel tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives that build the 2D molecular network. A model that explains the differences in the electronic and magnetic properties observed for the Ni centers in both structures based on the additional rigidity characteristic of the molecular layer after polymerization is drawn.
Unveiling the Potential of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Storage: Developments, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Dubey Prashant , Shrivastav Vishal , Boruah Tribani , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Zbořil Radek , Bakandritsos Aristides , Sundriyal Shashank
Published: May 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous structures emerging as promising electrode materials due to their high structural diversity, controlled and wide pore network, and amenability to chemical modifications. COFs are solely composed of periodically arranged organic molecules, resulting in lightweight materials. Their inherent properties, such as extended surface area and diverse framework topologies, along with their high proclivity to chemical modification, have positioned COFs as sophisticated materials in the realm of electrochemical energy storage (EES). The modular structure of COFs facilitates the integration of key functions such as redox‐active moieties, fast charge diffusion channels, composite formation with conductive counterparts, and highly porous network for accommodating charged energy carriers, which can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance. However, ascribing intricate porosity and redox‐active functionalities to a single COF structure, while maintaining long‐term electrochemical stability, is challenging. Efforts to overcome these hurdles embrace strategies such as the implementation of reversible linkages for structural flexibility, stimuli‐responsive functionalities, and incorporating chemical groups to promote the formation of COF heterostructures. This review focuses on the recent progress of COFs in EES devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, through a meticulous exploration of the latest strategies aimed at optimizing COFs as advanced electrodes in future EES technologies.
An overview of the history, role, and struggles of agricultural economics and business programs at 1890 Land‐Grant Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU)
Authors: Grant Jared , Lachaud Michée A. , Solís Daniel
Published: May 2024

Blacks have been systematically under‐represented in the Agricultural Economics profession, representing only 7% of agricultural economists in academia and between 5% and 10% in the private and public sectors, respectively. Although different policies and funding strategies have been implemented to increase the representation of minorities in the profession, these numbers have not shown significant improvements over time. This paper provides an overview of the history, role, and struggles of 1890 Land‐Grant Historically Black Colleges and Universities in general, and in particular, their agricultural economics and business (AEB) Programs. Recommendations and thoughts on how to increase diversity in AEB programs are also discussed.
Genome size variation in Cape schoenoid sedges (Schoeneae) and its ecophysiological consequences
Authors: van Mazijk Ruan , West Adam G. , Verboom G. Anthony , Elliott Tammy L. , Bureš Petr , Muasya A. Muthama
Published: May 2024

Premise

Increases in genome size in plants—often associated with larger, low‐density stomata and greater water‐use efficiency (WUE)—could affect plant ecophysiological and hydraulic function. Variation in plant genome size is often due to polyploidy, having occurred repeatedly in the austral sedge genus Schoenus in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), while species in the other major schoenoid genus in the region, Tetraria, have smaller genomes. Comparing these genera is useful as they co‐occur at the landscape level, under broadly similar bioclimatic conditions. We hypothesized that CFR Schoenus have greater WUE, with lower maximum stomatal conductance (gwmax) imposed by larger, less‐dense stomata.

Methods

We investigated relationships between genome size and stomatal parameters in a phylogenetic context, reconstructing a phylogeny of CFR‐occurring Schoeneae (Cyperaceae). Species’ stomatal and functional traits were measured from field‐collected and herbarium specimens. Carbon stable isotopes were used as an index of WUE. Genome size was derived from flow‐cytometric measurements of leafy shoots.

Results

Evolutionary regressions demonstrated that stomatal size and density covary with genome size, positively and negatively, respectively, with genome size explaining 72–75% of the variation in stomatal size. Larger‐genomed species had lower gwmax and C:N ratios, particularly in culms.

Conclusions

We interpret differences in vegetative physiology between the genera as evidence of more‐conservative strategies in CFR Schoenus compared to the more‐acquisitive Tetraria. Because Schoenus have smaller, reduced leaves, they likely rely more on culm photosynthesis than Tetraria. Across the CFR Schoeneae, ecophysiology correlates with genome size, but confounding sources of trait variation limit inferences about causal relationships between traits.
High prevalence of iron deficiency and socioeconomic disparities in laboratory screening of non‐pregnant females of reproductive age: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wen Sophia , Nisenbaum Rosane , Weyand Angela C. , Tang Grace H. , Auerbach Michael , Sholzberg Michelle
Published: May 2024

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and non‐anemic iron deficiency (NAID) are highly prevalent among non‐pregnant females of reproductive age. Canada has no national screening guidelines for this population. Screening, when performed, is often with a complete blood count alone without ferritin or iron indices. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of screening for NAID and IDA over a 3‐year period in non‐pregnant females of reproductive age who had tests performed at outpatient laboratories in Ontario, Canada. Retrospective cohort study of non‐pregnant females ages 15–54 in Ontario, from 2017 to 2019. NAID was defined as ferritin <30 μg/L, anemia as hemoglobin <120 g/L, and IDA as ferritin <30 μg/L and hemoglobin <120 g/L. Annual household income was estimated using patient postal codes. A total of 784 132 non‐pregnant females were included. The 82.1% were screened for iron deficiency, 38.3% had NAID and 13.1% had IDA; 55.6% with IDA had normal mean corpuscular volumes. The median household income was $89454.80 compared with a provincial median of $65285.00. Patients in the lowest income quintile had the highest odds of being anemic, and the lowest odds of having a ferritin checked. A large proportion of non‐pregnant females of reproductive age in this cohort were screened for iron deficiency. In this relatively privileged cohort, NAID affected nearly 40%, and IDA 13%. Most patients with IDA did not have microcytosis. Low household income was associated with the greatest odds of anemia and the lowest odds of being screened, highlighting inequitable access to screening for IDA in Ontario, Canada.
Recent Progress in the Development of Flexible Wearable Electrodes for Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Exercise
Authors: Kang Tae Woog , Lee Jimin , Kwon Youngjin , Lee Yoon Jae , Yeo Woon‐Hong
Published: May 2024

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has recently been an important indicator of cardiac health diagnosis. In the past, ECG could be measured under limited conditions in hospitals with 12‐lead electrode systems. Recently, portable and wearable devices have offered continuous, real‐time monitoring of ECG signals in real life. However, developing wearable ECG sensors that provide low‐motion artifacts and high‐quality signals during exercise conditions is still challenging. Herein, this review reports a systematic summary of the key characteristics, properties, and requirements of flexible wearable ECG devices for the early diagnosis of heart dysfunction in dynamic motions, including exercise. In addition, the recent progress in controlling sensor adhesion and novel materials for designing dry electrodes are discussed to improve ECG signal quality in exercise. Finally, various aspects of electrode developmental challenges and limitations are reviewed, and research directions for future studies are discussed.
Electrocatalytic Formal C(sp2)−H Alkylations via Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling with Versatile Arylsulfonium Salts
Authors: Michiyuki Takuya , Homölle Simon L. , Pandit Neeraj K. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2024

Producing sp3‐hybridized carbon‐enriched molecules is of particular interest due to their high success rate in clinical trials. The installation of aliphatic chains onto aromatic scaffolds was accomplished by nickel‐catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐electrophile coupling with arylsulfonium salts. Thus, simple non‐prefunctionalized arenes could be alkylated through the formation of aryldibenzothiophenium salts. The reaction employs an electrochemical approach to avoid potentially hazardous chemical redox agents, and importantly, the one‐pot alkylation proved also viable, highlighting the robustness of our approach.
A Stable Chichibabin Diradicaloid with Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Chang Xingmao , Arnold Mona E. , Blinder Rémi , Zolg Julia , Wischnat Jonathan , van Slageren Joris , Jelezko Fedor , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , von Delius Max
Published: May 2024

Conjugated molecules with multiple radical centers such as the iconic Chichibabin diradicaloid hold promise as building blocks in materials for quantum sensing and quantum information processing. However, it is a considerable challenge to design simple analogues of the Chichibabin hydrocarbon that are chemically inert, exhibit high diradical character and emit light at a distinct wavelength that may offer an optical readout of the spin state in functional ensembles. Here we describe the serendipitous discovery of the stable TTM‐TTM diradicaloid, which exhibits high diradical character, a striking sky‐blue color and near‐infrared (NIR) emission (in solution). This combination of properties is unique among related diradicaloids and is due to the presence of hydrogen and chlorine atoms in “just the right positions”, allowing a perfectly planar, yet predominantly benzenoid bridge to connect the two sterically stabilized radical centers. In‐depth studies of the optical and magnetic properties suggest that this structural motif could become a mainstay building block of organic spin materials.
Peri‐operative management and analgesic strategy for a patient undergoing quadruple limb amputation
Authors: Fenton‐May L. , Irvine M. , Huckle D. , Carter P.
Published: May 2024

Inadequately managed amputation pain can contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, amputation pain can be challenging to manage due to its complex nature, with both central and peripheral nociceptive and neuropathic elements. Here, we present the case of a 47‐year old man who developed irreversible ischaemic injuries to all four limbs following admission to intensive care with sepsis. He required quadruple amputation and we describe our approach to his peri‐operative management including anaesthesia, invasive monitoring and the multi‐modal approach to his peri‐operative management using a combination of intravenous analgesics, bilateral brachial plexus nerve catheters and a combined spinal and epidural. The patient made a good recovery and was able to return home from a rehabilitation facility 12 months after the operation, able to undertake many tasks himself with the aid of prosthetics.
Biological properties of 4‐trifluoromethylbenzyloxy‐substituted cobalt phthalocyanine‐gold nanoparticle conjugates
Authors: Göller İrem , Yenilmez H. Yasemin , Farajzadeh Öztürk Nazlı
Published: May 2024

In this article, peripheral and non‐peripheral cobalt phthalocyanines (2 and 3) were synthesized and characterized by applying the spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Maldi‐Toff mass, and UV–vis). The synthesized compounds were used for the surficial modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP).  The novel conjugates (2‐AuNP and 3‐AuNP) were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant activities of bioagents (2, 3, 2‐AuNP, 3‐AuNP, and AuNP) were examined by performing three different methods, and the results were compared. When their antioxidant properties were examined, it was shown that the capacities of phthalocyanines were higher compared with the modified gold nanoparticles. In addition, antibacterial analysis of the compounds was carried out by applying two different methods. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that both cobalt phthalocyanines and nanoconjugates showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli. Phthalocyanine compounds showed lower IC50 results than phthalocyanine‐modified gold nanoparticles, while unmodified gold nanoparticles showed no α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity.
Study of the synthetic silica functionalization effect on wettability of oxidized polypropylene film by plasma discharge
Authors: Fantatho Felipe , Morales Ana Rita
Published: May 2024

This work describes the effect of functionalized silica, treated with organosilane (γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), on the wettability loss of polypropylene (PP) film when exposed to surface oxidization treatment by atmospheric air plasma. The observed wettability loss results from the spontaneous process within the polymer matrix, which reduces surface energy, causing oxidized polymer molecules to move toward the bulk of the film. The effect of silica's functionalization on the initial wettability of oxidized PP film and its loss on storage time is measured by contact angle. Elemental analysis of the modified silica, employing acid catalytic processes, reveals the highest functionalization yield. Silicon nuclear magnetic resonance shows that the post‐condensation process negatively affects structures formed by the organosilane, eliminating three‐dimensional bonds and reverting it to its original and hydrolyzed state. The solvent extraction process and elemental analysis confirm that the concentration of organosilane in the chemically bonded layer, which was around 9 wt%, is not influenced by the post‐condensation treatment. Notably, silica functionalized with the highest concentration of organosilane has significantly improved initial wettability when oxidative treatment occurs within a shorter residence time (30 s), which achieved a contact angle of 53.8° against 59.1° for the film with untreated silica. However, the wettability loss rate of the materials remains unaffected by the presence of functionalized silica.
Effect of core–sheath bi‐polymeric scaffolds fabricated from acid‐soluble collagen and poly(lactic acid) derivatives on wound healing
Authors: Mukta Nasima Akter , Ahmed Samina , Sarwaruddin Chowdhury A. M. , Tareq Shafi M. , Sajib Abu Ashfaqur , Bashar M. S. , Haque Papia
Published: May 2024

The core–sheath bi‐polymeric scaffold has been proven as an encouraging material based on the requirement of scaffolds. This study aims to prepare electrospun core–sheath scaffolds by using acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) as core material and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or PLA‐g‐VAc as sheath material to get the most in combination from a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic polymer. ASC is extracted from waste Tilapia fish skin conserving the triple helix structure of the α1 (130 kDa) chain, and a α2 (120 kDa) chain cross‐linked with the β (280 kDa) chain confirmed by amino acid profile, sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PLA‐g‐VAc is prepared by grafting vinyl acetate (VAc) onto the PLA chain using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR of PLA‐g‐VAc reveal that grafting occurs between the double bond of VAc and the methine group of PLA. The morphology of the scaffolds is determined by the field emission scanning electron microscope. FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, XRD, and water contact angle measurements are used for further characterization of scaffolds. In vivo, cytotoxicity analysis on the Vero cell line exposes that scaffolds are biocompatible. Application of scaffolds to the surgically produced wounding of skin in a rat model followed by histological assay indicates the enhanced properties of core–sheath scaffolds rather than the single polymeric scaffolds.
Engineering Rings in Network Materials
Authors: Neophytou Andreas , Chakrabarti Dwaipayan
Published: May 2024

Network materials can be crystalline or amorphous solids, or even liquids, where typically directional interactions link the building blocks together, resulting in a physical representation of a mathematical object, called a graph or equivalently a network. Rings, which correspond to a cyclic path in the underlying network, consisting of a sequence of vertices and edges, are medium‐range structural motifs in the physical space. This Perspective presents an overview of recent studies, which showcase the importance of rings in the emergence of crystalline order as well as in phase transitions between two liquid phases for certain network materials, comprised of colloidal or molecular building blocks. These studies demonstrate how the selection of ring sizes can be exploited for programming self‐assembly of colloidal open crystals with an underlying network and elucidate rings as a vehicle for entanglement that distinguishes the two liquid phases of different densities involved in liquid–liquid phase transitions of network liquids with local tetrahedral order. In this context, an outlook is presented for engineering rings in network materials composed of colloidal and molecular building blocks, with implications also for metal‐organic frameworks, which have been extensively studied as porous crystals, but, more recently, as network‐forming liquids and glasses as well.
Observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients with disturbance estimation: A backstepping approach
Authors: Homayounzade Mohamadreza
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an observer‐based nonlinear controller is proposed to regulate blood glucose concentration (BGC) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The considered virtual patient model is the extended Bergmann minimal model, which is augmented by a meal disturbance and adapted to represent the insulin–glucose homeostasis of T1DM. The backstepping (BS) technique is used to design a closed‐loop feedback controller. The proposed controller does not need to measure insulin, plasma concentrations, and external disturbances while improving control performance and robustness against uncertainty. Insulin concentrations and plasma levels are estimated using state observers and disturbance using a disturbance estimator. These estimations are used as feedback to the controller. The asymptotic stability of the observer‐based controller is proved using the Lyapunov theorem. Furthermore, it is proven that the system is bounded input–bounded output (BIBO) stable in the presence of uncertainties caused by uncertain parameters and external disturbances. For real situations, we consider only the BGC available for measurement, and in addition, inter‐ and intra‐patient variability of system parameters is considered. The results confirm that the proposed controller can asymptotically regulate BGC through appropriate injection of insulin under meal disturbance and
of variations in system parameters.
Simultaneous robust model predictive control and state estimation for nonlinear systems with state‐ and input‐dependent uncertainties
Authors: Badfar Farid , Safavi Ali Akbar
Published: May 2024

The convergence and stability of uncertain nonlinear systems is a challenging problem in the nonlinear control area. Besides, in many practical cases, all states are not measurable and are affected by measurement noise. Based on this motivation, the first objective of this paper is to design a novel output feedback robust model predictive control approach for nonlinear systems with state‐ and input‐dependent uncertainties and measurement noise. This approach combines state estimation and robust model predictive control (MPC) into one min–max optimization and by solving the optimization, these two tasks are performed simultaneously. The studied nonlinear system comprises a linear part, a nonlinear part, and a function that denotes the state‐ and input‐dependent uncertainties. Therefore, the other objective is to reduce the computational complexity; thus, the system's nonlinear term and the aforementioned uncertainties are converted into additional disturbances. Subsequently, the optimization problem becomes a quadratic form, which leads to global convergence with the appropriate selection of objective function weights. Besides, this paper explores the convergence of the closed‐loop system states and the sufficient synthesis conditions to guarantee input‐to‐state stability. The implementation on a numerical example and a CSTR process demonstrate the applicability and reliability of the proposed approach.
‘Sir, I don't know what I'm doing’: An investigation into the role of happy accidents in a secondary school art classroom
Authors: Marx Hugo
Published: May 2024

This research project explores the use of ‘happy accidents’ as agents for facilitating more meaningful and critical exploration in secondary school art. Owing to a preoccupation with standardisation and quantifiable results, the more nebulous and invisible qualities of art have become deprioritised within many curricula. This paradigm creates ‘safe’ pedagogies that place emphasis on verisimilitude and technical acme as the yardstick for ‘successful’ artwork, preserving the identity of teachers within the epistemological frameworks that dictate education. Equally, as competitive individualism and reward demarcate education, young people are spending more time partaking in activities for their instrumental value. This ‘teaching‐to‐test’ model translates to formalist, linear modes of making as the most expedient means of achieving grades. The following research aimed to trouble this status quo and offers a pedagogy that allows for more responsive, playful and personal approaches to experimental artmaking. The mechanism used as a springboard into inquiry was the ‘happy accident’, facilitated by the use of unpredictable media such as Photoshop and photocopying. Adopting a middle ground between Atkinson's ‘unknown’ and the inferentialist model described by Walton, students had the latitude to combine known and unknown knowledge to push their artmaking into more meaningful territory, whilst preserving evidence of the ‘mark scheme’. To bolster my attempts at disrupting canonised imagery of ‘good’ school art, students also troubled the common practice of creating overly embellished, illustrative sketchbooks, with the creation of self‐made, A2, portfolio style books. The knowledge produced in this project was interrogated within a multimodal, arts‐based research methodology: through interview analysis and the analysis of the artwork, or artefacts, produced.
Deubiquitinase PSMD14 promotes tumorigenicity of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing β‐catenin
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Yu , Ma Chongchen , Liu Cen , Tang Qikai , Wang Zhangjie , Lu Jiacheng , Chen Zhengxin , Wang Huibo
Published: May 2024

The deubiquitinating enzyme 26S proteasome non‐ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a member of the JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme (JAMM) family, has been shown to function as an oncogene in various human cancers. However, the function of PSMD14 in glioma and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, our findings reveal a dramatic upregulation of PSMD14 in GBMs, which is associated with poor survival outcomes. Knocking down PSMD14 is associated with decreased proliferation and invasion of GBM cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, PSMD14 directly interacts with β‐catenin, leading to a decrease in the K48‐linked ubiquitination of β‐catenin and subsequent β‐catenin stabilization. Increased β‐catenin expression significantly reverses the inhibitory effects of PSMD14 knockdown on the migration, invasion, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between PSMD14 and β‐catenin expression in human GBM samples. In summary, our results reveal that PSMD14 is a crucial deubiquitinase that is responsible for stabilizing the β‐catenin protein, highlighting its potential for use as a therapeutic target for GBM.
Escalating to medium‐ versus high‐efficacy disease modifying therapy after low‐efficacy treatment in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Müller Jannis , Roos Izanne , Kalincik Tomas , Lorscheider Johannes , Galli Edoardo , Benkert Pascal , Schädelin Sabine , Sharmin Sifat , Einsiedler Maximilian , Hänni Peter , Schmid Jürg , Kuhle Jens , Derfuss Tobias , Granziera Cristina , Ziemssen Tjalf , Siepmann Timo , Yaldizli Özgür
Published: May 2024

Background

In patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) on low‐efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMT), the optimal strategy on how to escalate treatment once needed, remains unknown.

Methods:

We studied RRMS patients on low‐efficacy DMTs listed in the Swiss National Treatment Registry, who underwent escalation to either medium‐ or high‐efficacy DMTs. Propensity score‐based matching was applied using 12 clinically relevant variables. Both groups were also separately matched with control subjects who did not escalate therapy. Time to relapse and to disability worsening were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:

Of 1037 eligible patients, we 1:1 matched 450 MS patients who switched from low‐efficacy to medium‐efficacy (n = 225; 76.0% females, aged 42.4 ± 9.9 years [mean ± SD], median EDSS 3.0 [IQR 2–4]) or high‐efficacy DMTs (n = 225; 72.4% females, aged 42.2 ± 10.6 years, median EDSS 3.0 [IQR 2–4]). Escalation to high‐efficacy DMTs was associated with lower hazards of relapses than medium‐efficacy DMTs (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95, p = .027) or control subjects (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.84, p = .003). By contrast, escalation from low to medium‐efficacy DMTs did not alter the hazard for relapses when compared to controls (i.e. patients on low‐efficacy DMT who did not escalate DMT during follow‐up)

Conclusion:

Our nationwide registry analysis suggests that, once escalation from a low‐efficacy DMT is indicated, switching directly to a high‐efficacy treatment is superior to a stepwise escalation starting with a moderate‐efficacy treatment.
PET Ligands for Imaging Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates: A Case Study in Non‐For‐Profit Scientific Management
Authors: Dickmann Catherine G. F. , Milicevic Sephton Selena , Barker Roger A. , Aigbirhio Franklin I.
Published: May 2024

Positron emission tomography imaging of misfolded proteins with high‐affinity and selective radioligands has played a vital role in expanding our knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The pathogenesis of Huntington's disease, a CAG trinucleotide repeat disorder, is similarly linked to the presence of protein fibrils formed from mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Development of mHTT fibril–specific radioligands has been limited by the lack of structural knowledge around mHTT and a dearth of available hit compounds for medicinal chemistry refinement. Over the past decade, the CHDI Foundation, a non‐for‐profit scientific management organisation has orchestrated a large‐scale screen of small molecules to identify high affinity ligands of mHTT, with lead compounds now reaching clinical maturity. Here we describe the mHTT radioligands developed to date and opportunities for further improvement of this radiotracer class.
Ammonia as a Potential Energy Vector in the Burgeoning Hydrogen Economy
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Vibhu Vaibhav , Bassat Jean‐Marc , Nohl Lucy , de Haart L. G. J. (Bert) , Bouvet Marcel , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: May 2024

The adoption of green hydrogen economy is an indispensable necessity in the current global scenario of environment and energy security. In this endeavor, ammonia is poised to play a key vector of hydrogen to mitigate the challenges arising from transportation, storage and safety. Besides containing a high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density, NH3 decomposition into H2 for onsite utilization as a distributed energy source is devoid of greenhouse gases production. In this endeavor, significant technological advancements have been made for in situ production of H2 from NH3 decomposition and the use of NH3 in fuel cell devices to produce electricity. The ammonia decomposition methods to produce H2 mainly involve thermocatalytic, oxidative, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic, among which the catalyst assisted thermal cracking of NH3 has been widely investigated. The research progress in electrolysis of NH3 has been notable in the last couple of years and provides a low‐cost alternative to produce H2 at room temperature. In the area of device development, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have witnessed rapid development in the performances and stability, as ammonia is completely decomposed into H2 and N2 at high operating temperature above ~700 °C.
High‐Throughput Experimentation in Electrochemistry for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Dessel Inka , Dogan Deniz , Eichel Rüdiger‐Albert , Hecker Burkhard , Hofmann Christian , Huber Florian , Jakob Asha , Kost Hans‐Joachim , Löb Patrick , Müller Andreas , Sahehmahamad Sarifahnurliza , Schmidt Volkmar M. , Schneider Fabian , Tempel Hermann , Wasserschaff Guido , Ziogas Athanassios
Published: May 2024

High‐throughput experimentation, a well‐established and powerful tool in the field of heterogeneous catalysis screening, has been extended to the field of electrochemistry. A parallel and modular high‐throughput screening platform was designed, involving the development of a new modular electrochemical flow cell by the Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM) in cooperation with hte GmbH and IEK‐9 / FZ Jülich GmbH. Here, this platform is introduced for alkaline water electrolysis, showing initial results that underline the flexibility, comparability, and accuracy of the experiments.
Multi‐scale study of fluidized bed‐chemical vapour deposition process in nuclear fuel coated particle fabrication for high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor: A review
Authors: Yan Zefan , Jiang Lin , Tian Yu , Liu Rongzheng , Shao Youlin , Liu Bing , Liu Malin
Published: May 2024

Fluidized bed‐chemical vapour deposition (FB‐CVD) is a kind of key technology used widely in many application fields, such as semiconductors, nuclear energy, energy storage, and catalysts. In recent years, it has drawn much attention in the preparation of nuclear fuel coated particles (CP). It also has long played a crucial role in the preparation of high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel pebbles. The multi‐scale study of FB‐CVD technology has paid attention to the industrial fabrication of nuclear fuel particles at a large scale. In this paper, the recent FB‐CVD studies of different application fields are summarized first. Then, the recent works of our group in the field of FB‐CVD process in nuclear fuel particle fabrication are summarized. The FB‐CVD process in nuclear fuel particle fabrication and the multi‐scale study of the FB‐CVD process are overviewed in detail. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study the CVD process of preparing the coating layer at the micro‐scale. Computational fluid dynamics–discrete element model (CFD‐DEM) simulation is used to study the high‐density particle fluidization, mixing particle fluidization, and particle coating process at the particle scale. Process simulation is used to study the entire FB‐CVD production line at the macro scale. Finally, the great application potential of the multi‐scale coupling study of the FB‐CVD process in the industrial fabrication of nuclear fuel particles is revealed. This paper is helpful to develop the academic research field of fluidized beds. It also has inspiration and reference significance for the expansion of other industrial applications of FB‐CVD.
Association of anti‐factor Xa‐guided anticoagulation with hemorrhage during ECMO support: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rajsic Sasa , Breitkopf Robert , Treml Benedikt , Jadzic Dragana , Innerhofer Nicole , Eckhardt Christine , Oberleitner Christoph , Bukumiric Zoran
Published: May 2024

Background

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with complex hemostatic changes. Systemic anticoagulation is initiated to prevent clotting in the ECMO system, but this comes with an increased risk of bleeding. Evidence on the use of anti‐Xa‐guided monitoring to prevent bleeding during ECMO support is limited. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the association between anti‐factor Xa‐guided anticoagulation and hemorrhage during ECMO.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed (up to August 2023). PROSPERO: CRD42023448888.

Results

Twenty‐six studies comprising 2293 patients were included in the analysis, with six works being part of the meta‐analysis. The mean anti‐Xa values did not show a significant difference between patients with and without hemorrhage (standardized mean difference −0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.19; 0.28, p = .69). We found a positive correlation between anti‐Xa levels and unfractionated heparin dose (UFH; pooled estimate of correlation coefficients 0.44; 95% CI: 0.33; 0.55, p < .001). The most frequent complications were any type of hemorrhage (pooled 36%) and thrombosis (33%). Nearly half of the critically ill patients did not survive to hospital discharge (47%).

Conclusions

The most appropriate tool for anticoagulation monitoring in ECMO patients is uncertain. Our analysis did not reveal a significant difference in anti‐Xa levels in patients with and without hemorrhagic events. However, we found a moderate correlation between anti‐Xa and the UFH dose, supporting its utilization in monitoring UFH anticoagulation. Given the limitations of time‐guided monitoring methods, the role of anti‐Xa is promising and further research is warranted.
Macrocrowding of Polyethylene Glycol Facilitates the Formation of Polydopamine Nanoparticles and Derivatives via Depletion Stabilization
Authors: Duan Xiaoman , Han Zhaoyu , Liu Biwu
Published: May 2024

Mussel‐inspired polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) show promise in biosensing, drug delivery, and energy storage. However, it is still difficult to obtain monodispersed PDA NPs and metal‐containing PDA NPs in mild aqueous conditions. Herein, we report a facile strategy to modulate the growth and formation of PDA NPs in a macrocrowding condition using inert polymers as crowders. Our results show that both high concentrations and molecular weights are important for polymer‐enabled particle stabilization. Importantly, we demonstrate that only polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a weak interaction with PDA could facilitate NPs formation. Lastly, we show that this strategy could be extended to metal‐containing PDA derivatives, and enzyme‐encapsulated PDA NPs. Overall, our findings offer a simple and effective approach for producing uniform biocompatible nanomaterials, while also shedding light on the role of depletion forces in nanoparticle stabilization.
Interfacial Mass Diagnostics: Quantitative Perspective on Construction and Mechanism Understanding of Dye‐Sensitized, Perovskite and Quantum Dots Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Weiqing , Zhang Yiyao , Yang Yan , Chen Wenhao , Yuan Ligang , Yu Zhongpeng , Yu Xiang , Wu Qiang
Published: May 2024

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted wide attention. DSSCs, QDSSCs and PSCs can be prepared by liquid phase or solid phase, which causes a certain range of interface micro‐mass changes during preparation. In addition, the photoelectric conversion process occurring inside the device also inevitably causes interface micro‐mass changes. Interpretation of these interface micro‐mass changes can help to optimize the cell structure, improve the stability and performance repeatability of the device, as well as directly or indirectly infer, track and predict the internal photoelectric conversion mechanism of the device. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a powerful tool for studying surface mass changes, extending this technology to the fields of solar cells to directly obtain interface micro‐mass changes, which makes the research more in‐depth and opens up a new perspective for explaining the basic principles of solar cells. This review summarizes the research progress of QCM application in DSSCs, QDSSCs and PSCs in recent years, and explores the challenges and new opportunities of QCM application in new solar cells in the future.
Informal board hierarchy and corporate ESG performance
Authors: Peng Cheng , Chen Yuansheng
Published: May 2024

Against the backdrop of driving global economic sustainability, corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance has gradually emerged as a crucial theoretical and practical concern. This study aims to enrich the theoretical understanding of the correlation between corporate governance and ESG. Notably, the theoretical contribution is based on the relational contract theory, indicating the significance of the informal structure and implicit characteristics of the board of directors for corporate ESG performance. Using Chinese listed firms as samples, this study empirically examines and reveals a positive correlation between the informal board hierarchy and corporate ESG performance. Moreover, based on theoretical deduction, this study identifies internal control, innovation efficiency, and financial performance as important mechanisms through which the informal board hierarchy promotes corporate ESG performance. Further analysis indicates that in firms characterized by higher board interaction, lower shareholding concentration, and the combination of the roles of chairman and CEO, the promoting effect of the informal hierarchy on corporate ESG becomes significantly more pronounced. Our findings contribute to the understanding of relational contract theory in the field of corporate sustainability, enriching the literature on corporate governance and ESG, and providing decision‐making references and practical insights for optimizing corporate development.
A robust parity‐time‐symmetric hybrid wireless power transfer system with extended coupling range
Authors: Qiu Dongyuan , Chen Hao , Gu Wenchao , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanfeng , Xiao Wenxun , Xie Fan
Published: May 2024

Inductive power transmission (IPT) and capacitive power transmission (CPT) are currently the two main wireless power transfer technologies. Hybrid power transmission (HPT) systems that combine IPT and CPT can improve transmission performance and are more attractive for some charging applications such as electric bicycles (e‐bikes). However, HPT systems are more sensitive to parameter variations, and the coupling mechanism is prone to misalignment during wireless charging. Therefore, achieving stable output power and constant transfer efficiency over a wide range of coupling coefficient variations is still a major challenge for HPT systems. In this work, the parity–time (PT) symmetry theory is applied to an SS‐type HPT system, and a circuit model of the PT‐based HPT system is developed by using coupling capacitance and coupling inductance. The effect of connecting the plates to the homonymous end or heteronymous end of the coupling coils on the PT symmetry range of the HPT system is discussed. It is found that the heteronymous end connection of the coils can effectively increase the range of constant output power and stable transfer efficiency. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PT‐based HPT system. The transfer power and efficiency remain constant in the PT‐symmetric range, and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients are smaller compared to IPT and CPT systems with the same parameters.
Maintenance of caecal homeostasis by diverse adaptive immune cells in the rhesus macaque
Authors: Castro Dopico Xaquin , Guryleva Mariia , Mandolesi Marco , Corcoran Martin , Coquet Jonathan M , Murrell Ben , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The caecum bridges the small and large intestine and plays a front‐line role in discriminating gastrointestinal antigens. Although dysregulated in acute and chronic conditions, the tissue is often overlooked immunologically.

Methods

To address this issue, we applied single‐cell transcriptomic‐V(D)J sequencing to FACS‐isolated CD45+ caecal patch/lamina propria leukocytes from a healthy (5‐year‐old) female rhesus macaque ex vivo and coupled these data to VDJ deep sequencing reads from haematopoietic tissues.

Results

We found caecal NK cells and ILC3s to co‐exist with a spectrum of effector T cells partially derived from SOX4+ recent thymic emigrants. Tolerogenic Vγ8Vδ1‐T cells, plastic CD4+ T helper cells and GZMK+EOMES+ and TMIGD2+ tissue‐resident memory CD8+ T cells were present and differed metabolically. An IL13+GATA3+ Th2 subset expressing eicosanoid pathway enzymes was accompanied by IL1RL1+GATA3+ regulatory T cells and a minor proportion of IgE+ plasma cells (PCs), illustrating tightly regulated type 2 immunity devoid of ILC2s. In terms of B lymphocyte lineages, caecal patch antigen‐presenting memory B cells sat alongside germinal centre cells undergoing somatic hypermutation and differentiation into IGF1+ PCs. Prototypic gene expression signatures decreased across PC clusters, and notably, expanded IgA clonotypes could be traced in VDJ deep sequencing reads from additional compartments, including the bone marrow, supporting that these cells contribute a steady stream of systemic antibodies.

Conclusions

The data advance our understanding of caecal immunological function, revealing processes involved in barrier maintenance and molecular networks relevant to disease.
The role of CD20+ T cells: Insights in human peripheral blood
Authors: Pinho Aryane Cruz Oliveira , Barbosa Pedro , Pereira Maria João , Paiva Artur , Carvalho Eugenia , Laranjeira Paula
Published: May 2024

CD20+ T cells constitute a small subset of T cells. These are found among CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+, CD4−CD8− T, and TCRγδ+ T cells, and have been poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize peripheral blood (PB) CD20+ T cells and compare them to their PB CD20− T cell counterparts. PB from 17 healthy individuals was collected. The distribution of CD20+ T cells among maturation‐associated T cells compartments (naïve, central memory, transitional memory, effector memory, and effector T cells), their polarization, activation status, and expression of immune‐regulatory proteins were evaluated by flow cytometry. Their function was also assessed, by measuring IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 production. Compared with CD20− T cells, CD20+ T cells represent a higher proportion of transitional memory cells. Furthermore, CD20+ T cells display a proinflammatory phenotype, characterized by the expansion of Th1, Th1/17, and Tc1 cell subsets , associated to a high expression of activation (CD25) and exhaustion (PD‐1) markers. In addition, the simultaneous production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 was also detected in CD4+CD20+ T cells. Our results show that CD20+ T cells are phenotypically and functionally different from CD20− T cells, suggesting that these cells are a distinct subset of T cells.