bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Issues—January 2023
Authors: Jones Emily
Published: December 2022

THIS MONTH

Janus kinase inhibitor therapy and venous thromboembolism risk factors

Key words: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, extended‐duration prophylaxis.

Identifying validated venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools

Key words: venous thromboembolism (VTE) protocol, Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), risk identification, clinical workflow, bleeding risk.

Timing of the preoperative venous thromboembolism risk assessment

Key words: Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, patient assessment, presurgical testing visit, family history.

Communicating venous thromboembolism and bleeding risk after surgery

Key words: venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, bleeding risk, hand over, postanesthesia care unit RN, intraoperative events.
Characterization and analysis of toughened bio‐oil‐based phenolic foam prepared from poplar
Authors: Geng Fanhui , Wu Haijun , Wang Biao , Yuan Yamei , Zhang Kai , Xu Xia , Xu Jian
Published: December 2022

Different catalysts (NaOH, H2O2, and NaOH/H2O2) was used to catalyze the conversion of poplar to bio‐oil, which was then used to synthesize bio‐oil‐based phenolic foam (BPM). The bio‐oil and BPM were characterized with GC–MS, FT‐IR, TGA, optical microscope, extreme oxygen index analyzer, and universal testing machine. The results showed that the BPM had the better flame retardancy. The maximum limiting oxygen index was 37.7% found on the BPM prepared from NaOH/H2O2‐catalyzed bio‐oil. Compared with NaOH or H2O2, the NaOH/H2O2 presented synergistic catalysis in producing bio‐oil with the highest phenolic content. The BPM synthesized with the bio‐oil substitution at 20% showed the maximum compressive strength of 0.27 MPa. After the microscopic observation and TGA, it was found that BPM prepared from NaOH/H2O2 catalyzed bio‐oil had more uniform and tiny bubbles, and higher thermal stability. In addition, a reasonable reaction mechanism was provided to explain the role of bio‐oil in BPM synthesis.
Rapidly rotating neutron stars with realistic nuclear matter equation of state
Authors: Kacskovics Balázs , Barta Dániel , Vasúth Mátyás
Published: December 2022

We performed the comparison of three different numerical codes for constructing equilibrium models; (I) a code for static equilibrium configurations, (II) an implementation of the Hartle–Thorne slow‐rotation approximation, (III) a numerical solution of the full Einstein equations by LORENE. We aimed to construct sequences of uniformly rotating configurations at various rotation frequencies up to the Keplerian frequency for a hybrid hadronic–quark matter EOS where a smooth transition is provided between two separate phases. We investigated the difference between the results computed by the implementation of Hartle–Thorne slow‐rotation approximation and by LORENE/nrotstar, respectively. We have concluded that the codes can increase the difference between the slow‐rotating and the fast‐rotating approach exponentially, reaching 6.67% for the maximal mass configuration rotating at the Keplerian frequency.
Dissipation kinetics, risk assessment, and waiting period of spiromesifen on chili fruits using gas chromatography–electron capture detector
Authors: Dudwal Ramgopal , Jakhar Bhanwar Lal , Pathan Abdul Rashid Khan , Jan Ishrat , Kakralya Bajrang Lal , Dhaka Sis Ram , Kataria Alka , Yadav Amit Kumar , Choudhary Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2022

A supervised field trial was designed in Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to assess the dissipation and persistence of spiromesifen in chili fruits. Spiromesifen (22.9% suspension concentrate) was sprayed two times at an interval of 10 days at the recommended dose (96 g. a.i. ha−1) and double the recommended dose (192 g. a.i. ha−1) with four replications. Sampling was done according to the planned interval of days after the second spray. Extraction and cleanup were performed using the modified QuEChERS (quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged, andsafe) method and the spiromesifen residue was analyzed by GC–electron capture detector and confirmation performed using GC–MS. The average initial deposit of spiromesifen was 1.207 mg kg−1and 1.948 mg kg−1at the recommended and double the recommended dose, respectively. The half‐life values of spiromesifen ranged between 2.7 and 3.2 days at the recommended and double the recommended dose. The safe waiting period was calculated for the respective doses and it was concluded that an average of 7 days is safe for picking. The FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) have set the maximum residue limit of 0.1 mg kg−1for spiromesifen in green chili. The theoretical maximum residue contribution value of spiromesifen was lower than the maximum permissible intake at both the applications on the 0th day. Hence, there will be no adverse effects on human health after consumption of green chilies.
The association between serum orexin A and short‐term neurological improvement in patients with mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hu Shiyu , Ren Lijie , Wang Yang , Lei Zhihao , Cai Jingjing , Pan Suyue
Published: December 2022

Background

The serum orexin A level was significantly lower among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and negatively related to the volume of the infarction, but the relationship between serum orexin A and prognosis of AIS was still unclear. We aimed to clarify the association between serum orexin A and the short‐term neurological improvement in patients with mild to moderate AIS.

Methods

We consecutively enrolled patients with first ever mild to moderate AIS admitted to hospital within 48 h from symptom onset in this prospective observational study. The serum orexin A concentrations were determined on the second morning since the admission. The short‐term neurological improvement was defined as more than 1 point decrease in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score within 7 days after admission.

Results

We detected increased serum orexin A level in mild to moderate AIS patients with early onset of stroke‐related insomnia (33.44 vs 18.66 pg/ml,p = .004) as well as in patients with short‐term neurological improvement compared to those without improvement (31.78 vs 16.24 pg/ml,p = .038). The serum orexin A level was positively associated with the short‐term neurological improvement after adjusting for sleep condition and other related variables.

Conclusion

Serum orexin A might be a useful biomarker for the assessment of early prognosis in patients with mild to moderate AIS.
Boards of directors and environmental sustainability: Finding the synergies that yield results
Authors: Villalba‐Ríos Paula , Barroso‐Castro Carmen , Vecino‐Gravel Julio Darío , Villegas‐Periñan María del Mar
Published: December 2022

Boards of directors play an important role in one of the biggest challenges facing companies today: environmental sustainability. While research has mainly focused on the individual and isolated impacts of board composition characteristics on environmental sustainability, we aim to provide an understanding of what combinations of these characteristics result in its high/low levels and why. Using a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis of a Spanish company's sample over the period 2014–2019, we find that the characteristics of board composition could be complemented or substituted among them, having a similar impact on environmental sustainability performance. We also find that large boards, with a high presence of women and a low presence of family members, led to high environmental sustainability while having no dedicated sustainability committee and a lack of independence with no family presence yielded a low one. Finally, we draw four strategies for the design of the board composition.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Endemic Golden Camellias Collected from the North of Vietnam
Authors: Van‐Anh Le T. , Mai Nga T. P. , Nhi Nguyen P. , Kieu‐Oanh Nguyen T.
Published: December 2022

Golden Camellias have recently been used as a food, cosmetic, and traditional medicine in China and Vietnam. Forty‐two species have natural distribution in Vietnam, of which thirty‐two species were considered endemic species of this country. The morphology of leaves and flowers of these species were similar; therefore, their taxonomic identification usually needed experts and the authentication has often been confused among species. Our study aims to describe the genetic diversity and the relationship of six species Camellia phanii, Camellia tamdaoensis, Camellia tienii, Camellia flava, Camellia petelotii and Camellia euphlebia by using three chloroplast DNA‐barcodes: matK, rbcL and trnH‐psbA. We also clarified the significant differences in anatomical characteristics of midvein and blade of their leaves, which suggested the possibility to use these criteria in taxonomy. In addition, preliminary chemical profiles of the methanolic extracts of leaves from six Golden Camellias such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and chlorogenic acids content (TCGAs) also showed the diversity among them. Interestingly, the discrimination on the catechins profile among six species followed the same tendency with the genetic distance on the phylogeny tree suggesting that catechins (i. e., discriminative catechins) can be biomarkers for the chemotaxonomy of these six Golden Camellias.
6‐Gingerdione Reduces Apoptotic Conditions in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Alcoholic Liver Injured Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Guru Ajay , Manjunathan Tamilvelan , Sudhakaran Gokul , Juliet Annie , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Arockiaraj Jesu
Published: December 2022

Antioxidant natural products and their analogs especially phenolic compounds, exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ginger which is widely used worldwide for various beneficial effects also contains several phenolic antioxidants, and 6‐gingerol is one of the natural products studied extensively. However, the molecular mechanism of synthetically synthesized 6‐gingerdione (compound 1) from 6‐gingerol was not known. In this study, compound 1 and methylated 6‐gingerdione (compound 2) were obtained semi synthetically from 6‐gingerol. Compound 1 and 2 are subjected to SwissADME prediction. Then the protective effect of compound 1 was analyzed in 2 % EtOH induced HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. Hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging assays reveal that compound 1 showed more antioxidant activity than compound 2 at 50 μM. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited good anti‐inflammatory activity via lipoxygenase inhibition and proteinase inhibition. Apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells were induced by 2 % EtOH and treated with compound 1. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the EtOH induced nitric oxide production, apoptosis, and ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Encouraged by the in‐vitro antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities, compound 1 was then investigated for its protective effect in 2 % EtOH induced ALD zebrafish larva. Compound 1 protected the zebrafish larvae from liver injury by suppressing inflammatory (COX‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β) and lipogenic genes (C/EBP‐α, SREBP1, and IL‐1β) while upregulating the antioxidant gene. Our findings indicate that compound 1 synthesized from 6‐gingerol ameliorated liver injury that likely, contributes to its potential antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Guaiazulene Derivatives
Authors: Ma Zongchen , Han Xiao , Ren Junde , Liu Kun , Zhang Wenjie , Li Guoqiang
Published: December 2022

Guaiazulene and related derivatives were famous for diverse biological activities. In an effort to discover new highly efficient candidate drugs derived from guaiazulene, four series of guaiazulene derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferation, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory and peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signalling pathway agonist activities. Among them, two guaiazulene condensation derivatives showed selective cytotoxic activities towards K562 cell with IC50 values 5.21 μM and 5.14 μM, respectively, accompanied by slight effects on normal cell viability. For the first time, one guaiazulene derivative from series I exhibited potent antiviral activity towards influenza A virus with IC50 of 17.5 μM. A guaiazulene‐based chalcone showed higher anti‐inflammatory activity than positive drug indomethacin with an inhibitory rate of 34.29 % in zebrafish model in vivo. One guaiazulene‐based flavonoid could strongly agitate PPARγ pathway at 20 μM, indicating the potential of guaiazulene derivatives to reduce obesity development and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. Preliminary in silico ADME studies predicted the excellent drug‐likeness properties of bioactive guaiazulene derivatives.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Pyrazole‐Fused Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Novel Selective α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Gao Mei , Ma Hui , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yanhua , Tang Liansheng , Zheng Zhiyong , Zhang Xinlei , Jiang Chengshi , Lin Lin , Sun Haiji
Published: December 2022

A series of novel substituted pyrazole‐fused oleanolic acid derivative were synthesized and evaluated as selective α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Among these analogs, compounds 4a–4f exhibited more potent inhibitory activities compared with their methyl ester derivatives, and standard drugs acarbose and miglitol as well. Besides, all these analogs exhibited good selectivity towards α‐glucosidase over α‐amylase. Analog 4d showed potent inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase (IC50=2.64±0.13 μM), and greater selectivity towards α‐glucosidase than α‐amylase by ∼33‐fold. Inhibition kinetics showed that compound 4d was a non‐competitive α‐glucosidase inhibitor, which was consistent with the result of its simulation molecular docking. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 4a–4f towards hepatic LO2 and HepG2 cells was tested.
One in nine teens uses tobacco products
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

A recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that one in nine teens use tobacco products, and that the situation requires greater vigilance and intervention.
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelopathy in spinal cord infarction
Authors: Chiew Yi Rong , Tan Jeanne May May
Published: December 2022

Spinal cord infarction may present as longitudinally extensive myelopathy, similar to inflammatory myelitis such as neuromyelitis optica. Magnetic resonance imaging features such as diffusion‐weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient showing restricted diffusion and lack of contrast enhancement are helpful in the diagnosis of spinal cord infarction and differentiating them from inflammatory myelitis.
Two cases of parapharyngeal space tumor resected by a double split mandibular osteotomy technique
Authors: Kato Shinichiro , Ijichi Kei , Fukushima Asako , Nakamura Tomohisa , Takashima Hiroyuki , Nabeta Tsuyoshi , Miyamoto Hironori , Ishibashi Kenichiro , Tsuchiya Shuhei , Hishida Sumiyo , Shibuya Yasuyuki
Published: December 2022

Parapharyngeal space tumors have poor subjective symptoms and often grow until diagnosed; therefore, mandibular transection may be needed to obtain a wider field of view during surgery. However, if a median lower lip incision is performed for the mandibular transection, esthetic problems occur after surgery. Here, we report two cases of parapharyngeal space tumors that were removed with a mandibular lateral segment‐osteotomy technique without median lower lip incision to avoid esthetic problems. Case 1 was a 49‐year‐old woman. She was aware of a right tonsillar swelling, and an imaging test revealed a tumor lesion 60 mm in size in the right parapharyngeal space. Case 2 was a 40‐year‐old woman with an abnormal position of the uvula, and an imaging test showed the left parapharyngeal space tumor lesion 45 mm in size. Both cases were diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma, and surgery under general anesthesia was performed jointly with otolaryngology and oral surgery. The incision was performed from the lower part of the right auricle to the anterior part of the submandibular area. After the tumor resection, the mandible was repositioned, fixed by plates, and the intermaxillary fixation was performed with a surgical stent. In both cases, slight paralysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve and the mental nerve was observed after the operation, but they were improved immediately. One year after the operation, the plates were removed. There have been no recurrences until now.
Wideband to narrowband/dual band characteristics of monopole antenna using frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Mondal Rahul , Reddy P. Soni , Sarkar Sushanta , Chanda Sarkar Debasree , Sarkar Partha Pratim
Published: December 2022

A monopole antenna having desirable transmission characteristics with high gain is proposed. The monopole antenna comprises 45° tilted square shaped patch and modified rectangular metallic ground plane on FR4 dielectric substrate. The proposed monopole antenna operates from 2.6 GHz to 9.7 GHz with maximum peak gain of 2.3 dBi. Now, a dual‐layer aperture‐type FSS is designed having a passband from 5.9 GHz to 9.2 GHz and incorporated with the proposed monopole antenna. Thus, the combination only covers the selective frequency band from 5.5 GHz to 8.7 GHz with a stable gain of around 5 dBi. Second, another FSS is designed, which has one stop‐band from 4.1 GHz to 5.4 GHz and two passbands on the both sides of this stop‐band. This combination does not work from 4.1 GHz to 5.5 GHz but covers dual band from 2.48 GHz to 3.3 GHz with a peak gain of 5 dBi and 5.5 GHz to 10 GHz with a peak gain of 5.5 dBi. Therefore, without modifying the antenna design, any tunable transmission band can be achieved by the proposed combination. The proposed antenna and FSS combination structure may be suitable for military wireless applications for its band selection characteristics.
Cost‐saving population genomic investigation of Daphnia longispina complex resting eggs using whole‐genome amplification and pre‐sequencing screening
Authors: Nickel Jana , Cordellier Mathilde
Published: December 2022

Resting stages of aquatic organisms that accumulate in the sediment over time are an exceptional resource that allows direct insights into past populations and addressing evolutionary questions. This is of particular interest in taxa that face relatively new environmental challenges, e.g., climate change and eutrophication, such as the Daphnia longispina species complex, a keystone zooplankton group in European freshwater ecosystems. However, genomic analysis might be challenging as DNA yield from many of these resting stages can be low and the material degraded. To reliably allow the resequencing of single Daphnia resting eggs from different sediment layers and characterize genomic changes through time, we performed whole‐genome amplification to obtain DNA amounts suitable for genome resequencing and tested multiple protocols involving egg isolation, whole‐genome amplification kits, and library preparation. A pre‐sequencing contamination screening was developed, consisting of amplifying mitochondrial Daphnia and bacterial markers, to quickly assess and exclude possibly contaminated samples. In total, we successfully amplified and sequenced nine genomes from Daphnia resting eggs that could be identified as Daphnia longispina species. We analyzed the genome coverage and heterozygosity of these samples to optimize this method for future projects involving population genomic investigation of the resting egg bank.
Multifunctional polyimides for resistive switching memory devices based on flexible transparent polyimide–silver nanowires hybrid electrodes
Authors: Liu Guoshu , Zhang Jinghong , She Zuxin , Peng Liangyi , Qu Lunjun , Wang Kaiti , Tang Hailong , Yang Chaolong
Published: December 2022

With the quick development of flexible memory electronics, multifunctional organic materials have been the necessary for fabricating electronics. In this work, the highly transparent and flexible electrode was successfully prepared by coating the high‐performance silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto the colorless polyimide (PI) substrate. The prepared flexible PI–AgNWs electrodes exhibited a relatively low sheet resistance of 15 Ω/sq with the high transparency of 68% at the wavelength of 400 nm. A novel kind of polyimide TPC6FPI was successfully synthesized and characterized with the excellent thermostability and high glass transition temperature (Tg) above 250°C. Furthermore, a kind of flexible transparent PI–AgNWs/TPC6FPI/Al resistive memory device was prepared and exhibited good SRAM switching behavior with the threshold voltage of around 2.1 V and the ON/OFF current ratio of ˜104, which indicated that multifunctional PI‐based memory device showed the potential to the wearable devices.
Platinum‐group mineral and silicate inclusions in the low‐Al chromitites of the Manipur ophiolite, northeast India: Implications on Cr‐PGE mineralization in nascent subduction zone settings
Authors: Singh Toijam Bapin , Maibam Bidyananda , Kapsiotis Argyrios
Published: December 2022

Low‐Al chromitites from the Manipur ophiolite contain a wide range of mineral inclusions, including hydrous and anhydrous silicates, sulphides, and platinum group minerals (PGM). The common inclusions are primary silicates, such as clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and secondary silicate inclusions, such as chlorite, serpentine, and garnet. These inclusions are small (<30 μm in PGM, <100 μm in silicates) and randomly distributed throughout their host chromite grains. The shape and texture indicate some inclusions (clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, PGMs) trapped during the magmatic stage and most inclusions (chlorite, serpentine, and uvarovite) trapped during recrystallization of chromite. Clinopyroxene was discrete inside the chromite, with Cr2O3 content ranging from 0.62 to 1.77 wt.%, and Al2O3 varying between 0.96 to 1.63 wt.%. Orthopyroxene is enstatite (En93Wo2Fs4), Cr2O3 varies from 0.58 to 1.8 wt.% and the minor amount of CaO (0.41–0.81 wt.%), and Al2O3 (0.58–0.83 wt.%). Uvarovite is present in two forms: discrete crystal inclusions (anhydrous) in chromites and fractures (hydrous) as fillings. The chlorite occurs as lath shaped, and patchy phase is Cr‐rich variety ‐ kammererite (clinochlore) and penninite with variable Cr2O3 (0.22–7.25 wt.%) and FeO (2.5–3.9 wt.%). The PGM in the studied chromite are laurite (Ru, Os, Ir)S2. The parental melts of chromitites had low TiO2 (0.16–0.48 wt.%) and Al2O3 (10.18–14.58 wt.%) contents, and primary mineral inclusions, suggesting an arc‐like geochemical affinity, and the estimated melt composition is comparable with that of boninitic magma.
Mother's functional difficulty is affecting the child functioning: Findings from a nationally representative MICS 2019 cross‐sectional survey in Bangladesh
Authors: Anjum Aniqua , Ahammed Tanvir , Hasan Md Mahedi , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Uddin Md. Jamal
Published: December 2022

Background

Functional difficulties in children can be transmitted from mother to child, which is a major concern. We sought to determine whether there was a correlation between a mother's functional difficulty and functional difficulty in kids between the ages of 2–4 and 5–17. We also want to evaluate other fundamental aspects that influence on child's functionality.

Methods

We used Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data sets. For two different age groups, the children's difficulty status was evaluated. The sociodemographic factors served as explanatory variables in this study. We used χ2 tests and survey logistic regression models to analyze the data.

Results

Functional difficulties were less common in children aged 2–4 years (2.78%) but 8.27% in those aged 5–17 years. The study specifies that the mother's functional difficulty (odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–5.24 for children aged 2–4 years and OR: 3.36, CI: 2.80–4.03 for children aged 5–17 years) were significantly associated with the functional difficulty of both age groups' children. Not attending early childhood education programs (OR: 1.89, CI: 1.16–3.10 for children aged 2–4 years and OR: 2.66, CI: 2.19–3.22 for children aged 5–17 years) and divisions were also significantly affecting the functional difficulty of both age groups' children. Moreover, area of residence and gender were significant factors for the older age group.

Conclusions

The prevalence of difficulty among children in Bangladesh is high. Children's functional difficulty, regardless of age, is greatly influenced by the functional difficulty of their mothers, their absence from early childhood education programs, and divisions. Reducing the prevalence of child functioning difficulties will be more successful if the government and NGOs consider these factors while developing appropriate intervention programs.
Estimating the scale parameter of the norming constants method in analysing nonstationary annual maximum floods
Authors: Xu Wentao , Xiong Lihua , Yan Lei , Dong Linyao , Jiang Cong , Xu Chong‐Yu
Published: December 2022

In frequency analysis of annual maximum flood series (AMFS), it is mechanism‐based and significant to incorporate the information of the underlying “ordinary” daily streamflow events for improving accuracy of flood risk estimation and appropriate management. In previous studies related to flood nonstationarity, the classical norming constants method (C‐NCM) has been used to derive statistical parameters of annual maximum flood distribution from daily streamflow distribution. However, C‐NCM does not flexibly consider the feasible range of the scale parameter of annual maximum flood distributions, which can result in the inability to provide sufficient and reliable models to fit AMFS. This paper aims to investigate the potential of two alternative norming constants methods in fitting annual maximum floods, namely the Hall's norming constants method (H‐NCM) and the Fisher and Tippetts' norming constants method (FT‐NCM) respectively. A comparative study of these three methods was carried out using hydrological streamflow series of 77 stations in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins, China. The results found that H‐NCM outperforms both C‐NCM and FT‐NCM for the stations with relatively low‐skewness coefficient of AMFS. Therefore, H‐NCM is recommended to prioritize for practical applications when considering daily streamflow rather than small samples of flood events. Furthermore, if the skewness coefficient exceeds Cs,Gumbel≈1.14, the overall modelling performance of these three methods is significantly deteriorated. This can provide some reference for the applicability of the norming constants method in flood frequency analysis.
Does surgency moderate the relationship between parenting and children's aggression in middle childhood?
Authors: Ruiz‐Ortiz Rosa , Braza Paloma , Carreras Rosario , Muñoz José Manuel
Published: December 2022

Parenting and child temperament have both been linked to aggression among children. This study explores the moderating effects of children's surgency and sex and paternal/maternal parenting practices on aggressive behaviour in middle childhood. We analyse whether the moderating effects observed fit a Diathesis‐Stress, Differential Susceptibility or Vantage Sensitivity model. Participants were 203 school children aged 7–8 years (M = 92.42 months, SD = 3.52) from southern Spain. Maternal inconsistency and coercion and paternal hostility and indulgence, had a direct effect on children's aggressive behaviour. The effects of maternal hostility and anticipatory problem solving on children's aggression were moderated by surgency (Diathesis‐Stress), as was the effect of paternal coercion on aggression (Vantage Sensitivity). Children's sex was not found to moderate any effect. It therefore seems that not all children are equally sensitive to the influence of parenting on their aggression levels, and that this influence depends on their temperament.

Highlights

This study explores the moderating effects of children's surgency and sex and paternal/maternal parenting practices on aggressive behavior.

Children's surgency moderated the effect of maternal hostility and anticipatory problem solving on children's aggression, with both effects fitting a Diathesis‐Stress model.

Children's surgency moderated the effect of paternal coercion on children's aggression, with this effect fitting a Vantage Sensitivity model.
Impact of return and volatility spillover from banking industry to other industries: An evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Mir Fahad Waqas , Bhutta Nousheen Tariq
Published: December 2022

This article aims to examine the transmission of return and volatility spillover from the banking industry to other industries in Pakistan. The study uses daily stock prices from 2005 to 2018 from the financial and non‐financial sectors listed at Pakistan stock exchange. The KSE‐100 index is used as a basis for the selection he industries and companies. The banking stock return ARMA‐GARCH in mean model is used to measure the return and volatility spillover. The time‐varying conditional correlation and asymmetric effect are explored using the DDC and ADDC models. Return and volatility spillover are found across the various industries during the period, indicating limited evidence of diversification. The DCC‐GARCH model shows that there is a time‐varying conditional correlation and asymmetric behaviour of the data.
Interactions between ultrasonographic cervical length and placenta accreta spectrum on severe postpartum hemorrhage in women with placenta previa
Authors: Dang Xiaohe , Fan Cuifang , Cui Feipeng , He Yi , Sun Guoqiang , Ruan Jinghan , Fan Yilin , Lin Xingguang , Wu JianLi , Liu Yanyan , Wang Shaoshuai , Bao Yindi , Xu Jie , Du Hui , Chen Suhua , Deng Dongrui , Qiao Fuyuan , Zeng Wanjiang , Feng Ling , Liu Haiyi
Published: December 2022

Objective

To explore the interactions between cervical length (CL) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) on severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) in patients with placenta previa.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was conducted at four medical centers in China, and 588 patients with placenta previa were included. The logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to evaluate the association between CL and SPPH. Furthermore, the joint effect of CL and PAS on SPPH was assessed, and the additive and multiplicative interactions were calculated.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, the negative linear dose–response relationship was confirmed by RCS, and the change of odds ratio (OR) was more significant when CL was 2.5 cm or less. The risk of SPPH was significantly higher when CL of 2.5 cm or less co‐existed with placenta increta/percreta than when CL of 2.5 cm less, or placenta increta/percreta existed alone (adjusted OR [aOR]CL ≤2.5cm&placenta accreta/non‐PAS3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–8.45; aORplacenta increta/percreta&CL >2.5cm4.75, 95% CI 3.03–7.47; aORCL ≤2.5cm&placenta increta/percreta14.51, 95% CI 6.08–34.64), and there might be additive interaction between CL and placenta increta/percreta on SPPH (attributable proportion due to interaction 50.7%, 95% CI 6.1%–95.3%).

Conclusion

If CL was routinely performed during PAS evaluation, the increased OR of short CL and PAS could allow better patient preparation through counseling.
Osteogenic capacity of octacalcium phosphate involving macrophage polarization
Authors: Xiao Linghao , Shiwaku Yukari , Hamai Ryo , Baba Kazuyoshi , Tsuchiya Kaori , Imazato Satoshi , Sasaki Keiichi , Suzuki Osamu
Published: December 2022

Previous research has found that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) increases macrophage accumulation and alters the initial inflammatory response. However, the role of the immune response induced by OCP in osteogenesis remains unknown. This study investigated the behavior of macrophages and bone regeneration capacity during the early inflammatory stage of OCP‐mediated osteogenesis. To assess the change in macrophage polarization and osteogenic capacity, we used a standardized rat defect model filled with OCP or calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)—a material obtained through the hydrolysis of the original OCP. OCP or CDHA granules were incubated with RAW264 cells for 5 days to investigate the effect of physicochemical characteristics on macrophage cytokine/chemokine expression in vitro. Our in vivo results show that due to the OCP implantation, macrophages in the rat tibial defect area tend to polarize to the M2 phenotype (anti‐inflammatory) and inhibit the formation of the M1 phenotype (pro‐inflammatory). In comparison to CDHA, OCP exhibited superior bone regeneration potential due to its rapid promotion of cortical bone healing and stimulation of macrophage‐related growth factors. Furthermore, our in vitro results have shown that OCP regulates the expression of macrophage chemokines over time. Compared to incubation with CDHA, incubation with OCP caused changes in the ionic microenvironment. These findings suggest that the OCP‐mediated macrophage polarization and secretion profile not only regulate immune function but also positively affect osteogenesis.
Voltammetric and spectroscopic studies of water/formamide ratios in the production of the cerium (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) nanoparticles
Authors: do Carmo Devaney Ribeiro , de Oliveira Denys Ribeiro
Published: December 2022

The present study describes the simple and fast preparation of Cerium (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) (CeHCF) solid nanoparticles at three different water/formamide (%) ratios used as solvent (v/v) (100:0, 80:20, 0:100). CeHCF nanoparticles (Nps) were characterized by fourier transform infrared pectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrodes modified with CeHCF presented a well‐defined redox pair with formal potential (Eo′) of approximately 0.29 V (vs. Ag/AgCl(sat) attributed to the Fe2 +/Fe3+ redox pair in the presence of cerium (III)). The Nps in the three systems investigates, presents a random size distribution to different surface, where most were distributed between 20 and 160 nm. Considering the three investigated systems, only CeHCF‐1 (100:0) was sensitive to L‐dopamine, presenting a linear signal region as a function of L‐dopamine concentrations, with a limit of detection (LD) of 0.125 mmol L−1, limit of quantification (LQ) of 0.419 mmol L−1 and amperometric sensitivity (S) of 148.16 μA mmol L−1.
Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capacity among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients with burns and ventilator‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Khoshnood Saeed , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Mahdian Nahid , Heidary Mohsen , Mahdian Somayeh , Mohammadi Maryam , Maleki Abbas , Haddadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2022

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, especially in patients with burns and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). The aims of this study was to compare the biofilm formation capacity, antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing based on PFGE (Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis) in A. baumannii isolated from burn and VAP patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 50 A. baumannii isolates were obtained from burn and VAP patients. In this study, we assessed antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation capacity, PFGE fingerprinting, and the distribution of biofilm‐related genes (csuD, csuE, ptk, ataA, and ompA).

Results

Overall, 74% of the strains were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 26% were extensively drug‐resistant (XDR). Regarding biofilm formation capacity, 52%, 36%, and 12% of the isolates were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers. Strong biofilm formation capacity significantly correlated with XDR phenotype (12/13, 92.3%). All the isolates harbored at least one biofilm‐related gene. The most prevalent gene was csuD (98%), followed by ptk (90%), ataA (88%), ompA (86%), and csuE (86%). Harboring all the biofilm‐related genes was significantly associated with XDR phenotype. Finally, PFGE clustering revealed 6 clusters, among which cluster No. 2 showed a significant correlation with strong biofilm formation and XDR phenotype.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed the variable distribution of biofilm‐related genes among MDR and XDR A. baumannii isolates from burn and VAP patients. A significant correlation was found between strong biofilm formation capacity and XDR phenotype. Finally, our results suggested that XDR phenotype was predominant among strong‐biofilm producer A. baumannii in our region.
Photocatalytic treatment as a polishing step for the degradation of bio‐recalcitrant fractions of winery wastewater under solar, UVA‐LED, and blacklight irradiation
Authors: Davididou Konstantina , Vakros John , Frontistis Zacharias
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

This study investigates, for the first time, the most beneficial conditions for photocatalytic oxidation under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation provided by either a solar simulator, UVA light‐emitting diode (UVA‐LED), or UVA blacklight lamp (UVA‐BL) as a post‐treatment step for the degradation of the residual COD and color in winery wastewater (WiWW) after biological treatment.

RESULTS

The effect of WiWW dilution (0, 50%), TiO2 concentration (0–1000 mg/L), catalyst type (TiO2, ZnO), pH (3, 6, 8.4), H2O2 addition (0–1000 mg/L), and treatment time on process efficiency was evaluated. At the best‐assayed conditions (1000 mg/L TiO2, 1000 mg/L H2O2), COD removal percentages in the range of 94–97% were obtained and color was removed by 99% within 180 min of treatment under all irradiation sources. The process was enhanced when the WiWW was subjected to 50% dilution and its pH was adjusted to 6. Among the three irradiation sources, UVA‐BL led to a marginally higher photocatalytic performance than solar and UVA‐LED, both of which achieved similar removal efficiencies. Regarding energy efficiency, UVA‐LED was found to be up to 1.7 times more energy efficient than UVA‐BL/TiO2. Finally, in most cases, the phytotoxicity of secondary effluent was eliminated during solar photocatalytic treatment.

CONCLUSION

Alteration of basic operating parameters significantly improved process efficiency. In all cases, LED‐driven photocatalysis combined high removal performance and energy efficiency, proving to be an appropriate and sustainable alternative to solar photocatalysis for 24 h operation or for supplementary application during the harvest, when the majority of WiWW is generated. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on the development of autism‐like behaviours in offspring of Wistar rats
Authors: Erdogan Mumin Alper , Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Erbas Oytun
Published: December 2022

Background

A neurodevelopmental disease, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in males three times more commonly than girls. Higher prenatal testosterone exposure may result in autistic‐like behaviour in boys, according to earlier research. It is unclear how fetal testosterone affects the development of autism. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal testosterone exposure in an animal model may result in autistic behaviours by modifying serotonin, dopamine, IGF‐1 and oxytocin levels.

Materials and Methods

Group 1 (control, n = 6) and Group 2 (testosterone undecanoate, n = 6) of female rats were randomly assigned. For 2–3 days during the oestrus cycle, female rats were housed with a reproductive male (three females/one male). On the 10th day of gestation, rats in Group 1 received 1 ml/kg% 0.9 NaCl saline, whereas rats in Group 2 received 250 mg/kg testosterone undecanoate. Until weaning on postnatal day 21 (P21), the mothers were permitted to care for their pups. On P21, 40 littermates—10 male and female for control and 10 male and female from mothers that exposed to testosterone—were arbitrarily split up and housed. On P50, these mature rats were tested for their behaviour. The rats were then sacrificed. The brain tissue was subjected to histological examinations as well as biochemical tests for homovanillic acid (HVA), 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), oxytocin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1).

Results

The groups differed significantly in the behavioural examinations (three‐chamber social test, passive avoidance learning analysis, open field test), with the testosterone‐exposed groups exhibiting autistic symptoms to a higher extent. When compared with the control groups, testosterone exposure caused significant histological changes in the hippocampus CA1 and CA3 areas, including gliosis and cell death of neurons. In the testosterone‐exposed groups, HVA, 5‐HIAA and IGF‐1 tissue expressions in the brain elevated, whereas oxytocin levels reduced. These findings point to a potential connection between neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD and exposure to testosterone during gestation.

Conclusion

Overall, we revealed that prenatal testosterone exposure led to autistic traits by elevating serotonin, dopamine and IGF‐1 levels while lowering oxytocin levels.
Successful combination treatment with azacitidine and venetoclax as a bridging therapy for third allogenic stem cell transplantation in a patient with 11q23/MLL‐rearranged complex karyotype acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Edahiro Taro , Ureshino Hiroshi , Chishaki Ren , Fujino Keita , Mino Tatsuji , Yoshida Tetsumi , Fukushima Noriyasu , Ichinohe Tatsuo
Published: December 2022

Translocation t(6;11) occurs in approximately 5% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) corresponding to 11q23/mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangement. The AF6 gene on chromosome 6q27 is the fusion partner of the MLL gene on 11q23 in t(6;11), which results in a poor prognosis. The case of a patient with 11q23/MLL‐rearranged AML who successfully underwent a third allogeneic stem cell transplantation after treatment with azacitidine (AZA) and venetoclax (VEN) is presented in this article. This report suggests that a combination of AZA and VEN is an effective therapeutic approach for relapsed and refractory MLL‐rearranged AML.
Interactions between polycyclic musks and human lactoferrin: Multi‐spectroscopic methods and docking simulation
Authors: Shi Mengjie , He Jinfeng , Xu Minhua , Lin Xiaolian , Liu Hongyan , Jiang Tiemin , Yi Zhongsheng
Published: December 2022

Galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐4,6,6,7,8‐hexamethylcyclopenta‐γ‐2‐benzopyrane; HHCB) and Tonalide (7‐acetyl‐1,1,3,4,4,6‐hexamethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene; AHTN) are “pseudo‐persistent” pollutants that can cause DNA damage, endocrine disruption, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans. HHCB and AHTN are readily enriched in breast milk, so exposure of infants to HHCB and AHTN is of concern. Here, the molecular mechanisms through which HHCB and AHTN interact with human lactoferrin (HLF) are investigated using computational simulations and spectroscopic methods to identify indirectly how HHCB and AHTN may harm infants. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation studies indicated that HHCB and AHTN can interact with and alter the secondary HLF structure. The fluorescence quenching of HLF by HHCB, AHTN was static with the forming of HLF‐HHCB, HLF‐AHTN complex, and accompanied by non‐radiative energy transfer and that 1:1 complexes form through interaction forces. Time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that binding to small molecules does not markedly change the HLF fluorescence lifetime. Three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that HHCB and AHTN alter the peptide chain backbone structure of HLF. Ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, simultaneous fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that HHCB and AHTN change the secondary HLF conformation. Antimicrobial activity experiments indicated that polycyclic musks decrease lactoferrin activity and interact with HLF. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxicities of polycyclic musks bound to HLF at the molecular level and provide theoretical support for mother‐and‐child health risk assessments.
Multivendor Evaluation of Automated MRI Postprocessing of Biventricular Size and Function for Children With and Without Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: van der Ven Jelle P. G. , van Genuchten Wouter , Sadighy Zaheda , Valsangiacomo Buechel Emanuela R. , Sarikouch Samir , Boersma Eric , Helbing Willem A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Manually segmenting cardiac structures is time‐consuming and produces variability in MRI assessments. Automated segmentation could solve this. However, current software is developed for adults without congenital heart defects (CHD).

Purpose

To evaluate automated segmentation of left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) for pediatric MRI studies.

Study Type

Retrospective comparative study.

Population

Twenty children per group of: healthy children, LV‐CHD, tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), and univentricular CHD, aged 11.7 [8.9–16.0], 14.2 [10.6–15.7], 14.6 [11.6–16.4], and 12.2 [10.2–14.9] years, respectively.

Sequence/Field Strength

Balanced steady‐state free precession at 1.5 T.

Assessment

Biventricular volumes and masses were calculated from a short‐axis stack of images, which were segmented manually and using two fully automated software suites (Medis Suite 3.2, Medis, Leiden, the Netherlands and SuiteHeart 5.0, Neosoft LLC, Pewaukee, USA). Fully automated segmentations were manually adjusted to provide two further sets of segmentations. Fully automated and adjusted automated segmentation were compared to manual segmentation. Segmentation times and reproducibility for each method were assessed.

Statistical Tests

Bland Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compare volumes and masses between methods. Postprocessing times were compared by paired t‐tests.

Results

Fully automated methods provided good segmentation (ICC > 0.90 compared to manual segmentation) for the LV in the healthy and left‐sided CHD groups (eg LV‐EDV difference for healthy children 1.4 ± 11.5 mL, ICC: 0.97, for Medis and 3.0 ± 12.2 mL, ICC: 0.96 for SuiteHeart). Both automated methods gave larger errors (ICC: 0.62–0.94) for the RV in these populations, and for all structures in the ToF and univentricular CHD groups. Adjusted automated segmentation agreed well with manual segmentation (ICC: 0.71–1.00), improved reproducibility and reduced segmentation time in all patient groups, compared to manual segmentation.

Data Conclusion

Fully automated segmentation eliminates observer variability but may produce large errors compared to manual segmentation. Manual adjustments reduce these errors, improve reproducibility, and reduce postprocessing times compared to manual segmentation. Adjusted automated segmentation is reasonable in children with and without CHD.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.