bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Self-Reported Posttraumatic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vishnevsky Tanya , Cann Arnie , Calhoun Lawrence G. , Tedeschi Richard G. , Demakis George J.
Published: February 2010

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the direction and magnitude of gender differences in self-reported post-traumatic growth. Results from 70 studies ( N = 16,076) revealed a small to moderate gender difference ( g = .27, 95% CI = .21 -.32), with women reporting more posttraumatic growth than men. Moderator analyses were then conducted to identify possible sources of these differences. The following moderators were examined: mean age of sample, measure used, nature of the stressful event, language of the measure, and type of sample (i.e., community samples, college students, or mixed). The only significant moderator was age, with women reporting incrementally more posttraumatic growth as the mean age of the sample increased ( B = .004, p < .01, SE = .001, Q = 9.13). To check for publication bias, effect sizes were compared across published and unpublished research. The size of the gender difference was not significantly different between published ( g = .30, 95% CI = .23 -.38) and unpublished ( g = .22, 95% CI = .12 -.31) studies. The present findings indicate that modest, but reliable gender differences exist in posttraumatic growth even when unpublished data are included in the analyses. Possible explanations for these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Distinct expression and ligand‐binding profiles of two constitutively active GPR17 splice variants
Authors: Benned‐Jensen T , Rosenkilde MM
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose: In humans and non‐human primates, the 7TM receptor GPR17 exists in two isoforms differing only by the length of the N‐terminus. Of these, only the short isoform has previously been characterized. Hence, we investigated gene expression and ligand‐binding profiles of both splice variants and furthermore uncovered and characterized constitutive activity of both isoforms.

Experimental approach: Expression levels of the hGPR17 isoforms were determined in several brain regions as well as heart and kidney using quantitative RT‐PCR. A CREB reporter assay and [35S]‐GTPγS binding were employed to assess the constitutive activity and the activation by UDP, UDP‐glucose and ‐galactose and the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4and LTD4. Leukotriene binding and induction of internalization were furthermore tested using homologous competition binding and antibody‐feeding experiments respectively.

Key results: The short isoform (hGPR17‐S) was expressed more abundantly (eight‐ to 23‐fold) in the brain than the long isoform (hGPR17‐L), whereas the opposite was observed in heart and kidney. As previously reported, the uracil nucleotides activated hGPR17‐S with micromolar potencies. However, much lower potencies were observed for hGPR17‐L with a 50‐ to 170‐fold increase in EC50. Furthermore, contrary to previous reports, neither of the isoforms was activated or bound by the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Finally, both receptors were demonstrated to be constitutively active through Gαi.

Conclusions and implications: We present the first isoform‐specific characterization of GPR17 and show that differences exist between the isoforms, in both expression pattern and pharmacological profile. In turn, our results indicate that the two human isoforms might serve tissue‐specific functions.
Origin and tectonic significance of corundum–kyanite–sapphirine amphibolites from the Variscan French Massif Central
Authors: BERGER J. , FÉMÉNIAS O. , OHNENSTETTER D. , PLISSART G. , MERCIER J.‐C. C.
Published: February 2010

The contact zone between two major allochthonous lithotectonic units in the French Massif Central (FMC) is characterized by the presence of corundum‐bearing amphibolites associated with serpentinites, flaser‐gabbros, eclogites and granulites. These unusual amphibolites are best preserved in the Western FMC, where they are found within the lower oceanic crust of the Limousin ophiolite. Mineralogical observations and thermodynamic modelling of the spinel–corundum–sapphirine–kyanite amphibolites in the CMASH system show that they were formed at peak P–T conditions around 800 °C/10 kbar in response to near isothermal burial followed by a retrogressive anticlockwise path. Metamorphic reactions are controlled both by modification of P–T conditions and by local chemical changes linked to fluid infiltration. Pargasite growth has been enhanced by infiltration of Ca‐ and Al‐rich fluids whereas kyanite‐ and sapphirine‐forming reactions are partly controlled by local inputs of MgO–SiO2 components, most probably during infiltration metasomatism. By analogy with worldwide ophiolites (Oman, Tethyan, Appalachian) and published numerical models, subduction of a still‐hot oceanic ridge is proposed to form these Al‐rich amphibolites from plagioclase‐rich troctolites. The trace‐element composition of high‐Ti, fine‐grained amphibolites (former fine‐grained Fe–Ti gabbros) adjacent to the corundum‐bearing ones, further indicates that the oceanic crust was initially created at a mid‐ocean ridge (rather than within a back‐arc basin), followed by the emplacement of supra‐subduction zone‐type magmas, probably due to intraoceanic subduction close to the ridge.
The Efficacy of Repeated Reading and Wide Reading Practice for High School Students with Severe Reading Disabilities
Authors: Wexler Jade , Vaughn Sharon , Roberts Greg , Denton Carolyn A.
Published: February 2010

This experimental study was conducted to examine the efficacy of repeated reading and wide reading practice interventions for high school students with severe reading disabilities. Effects on comprehension, fluency, and word reading were evaluated. Participants were 96 students with reading disabilities in grades 9–12. Students were paired within classes and pairs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: repeated reading (N = 33), wide reading (N = 34), or typical instruction (N = 29). Intervention was provided daily for approximately 15–20 minutes for 10 weeks. Results indicated no overall statistically significant differences for any condition, with effect sizes ranging from −.31 to .27. Findings do not support either approach for severely impaired readers at the high school level. We hypothesize that these students require more intensive interventions that include direct and explicit instruction in word‐ and text‐level skills as well as engaged reading practice with effective feedback.
A Longitudinal Study of Risk‐Taking Behavior in Adolescents with Learning Disabilities
Authors: McNamara John K. , Willoughby Teena
Published: February 2010

Risk taking may be regarded as a normative behavior in adolescence. Risk‐taking behaviors may include alcohol, smoking, drug use, delinquency, and acts of aggression. Many studies have explored the relationship between adolescents and risk‐taking behavior; however, only a few studies have examined this link in adolescents with learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk‐taking behavior of adolescents with learning disabilities (N = 307) and without learning disabilities (N = 307) over time. Specifically, this study investigated changes over time in adolescents' substance use, engagement in major and minor delinquency, acts of aggression, and gambling activities. Results indicated that, compared to their non–learning disabled peers, adolescents with learning disabilities engaged more frequently in some risk‐taking behaviors including smoking, marijuana use, acts of delinquency, acts of aggression, and gambling. The results also indicate that for some risk‐taking behaviors adolescents with and without learning disabilities differ in their trajectory of engagement. Implications of this study point to the importance of supporting adolescents with learning disabilities when they are faced with difficult decisions around risk taking.
The Contribution of Memory and Anxiety to the Math Performance of College Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Prevatt Frances , Welles Theresa L. , Li Huijun , Proctor Briley
Published: February 2010

The impact of memory and anxiety on math performance was analyzed in a sample of 115 college undergraduates, all of whom had a diagnosed learning disability. The direct effects of memory and anxiety on math performance were first examined, followed by an examination of whether anxiety moderates the relationship between memory and math. Both memory and anxiety were found to directly affect math performance. Additionally, anxiety served as a moderator of the relationship between memory and math for most, but not all, measures of math achievement. The moderating effect of anxiety was stronger for long‐term retrieval than for short‐term memory. The relationships between memory, anxiety, and math were not significantly different for males and females. These findings suggest that, when working with individuals who have low anxiety but poor memory, enhancing memory strategies may be effective for remediating problems in math. However, for those with high levels of anxiety, it may be more efficacious to first ameliorate the anxiety, as working on memory may have a negligible effect on math performance for these individuals.
Using Nonword Repetition Tasks for the Identification of Language Impairment in Spanish‐English‐Speaking Children: Does the Language of Assessment Matter?
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Clellen Vera F. , Simon‐Cereijido Gabriela
Published: February 2010

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to evaluate the clinical utility of a verbal working memory measure, specifically, a nonword repetition task, with a sample of Spanish‐English bilingual children and (2) to determine the extent to which individual differences in relative language skills and language use had an effect on the clinical differentiation of these children by the measures. A total of 144 Latino children (95 children with typical language development and 49 children with language impairment) were tested using nonword lists developed for each language. The results show that the clinical accuracy of nonword repetition tasks varies depending on the language(s) tested. Test performance appeared related to individual differences in language use and exposure. The findings do not support a monolingual approach to the assessment of bilingual children with nonword repetition tasks, even if children appear fluent speakers in the language of testing. Nonword repetition may assist in the screening of Latino children if used bilingually and in combination with other clinical measures.
“Everyone Had Your Back”: Social Ties, Perceived Safety, and Public Housing Relocation
Authors: Clampet–Lundquist Susan
Published: February 2010

Tens of thousands of families have been relocated from public housing in the last decade through the HOPE VI redevelopment initiative. Analyzing in–depth interviews with 41 families who were relocated from a severely distressed public housing development, I explore how neighborhood–based social capital is drawn upon for safety by examining how people kept safe in public housing, and what happens when these social ties are taken away through forced relocation. I find that their relatively new status in these neighborhoods translates into less socializing and weaker local ties. Moreover, since they counted on social ties for protection previously, this lack of integration leaves a substantial portion feeling more vulnerable.
The Structuring of Urban Life in a Mixed–Income Housing “Community”
Authors: Graves Erin M.
Published: February 2010

Developing mixed–income communities has drawn increased attention from sociologists and other researchers in recent years, generating sharp debates over equitable access, the nature of community, and the role of policy. Debates over social relations and social influence in mixed–income communities have often overlooked what formal institutions—as opposed to race, class, and other predictors of informal neighboring—contribute to social life. This study uses ethnographic fieldwork, document analysis, and semistructured interviews in a mixed–income housing community in Boston to examine the forces shaping relationships within and across social boundaries. the results show how formal structuring of the community dissuaded interaction among neighbors. Buttressed by macrostructural forces, the private management company that ran the development discouraged interaction through rules, social signaling, and explicit communication.
Infrapopliteal Mycotic Aneurysm Caused by Endocarditis—Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Barros Marcio V. L. , Penna Jefferson T. M. , Henriques Juliana F. , Roquette‐Reis Fernando , Labropoulos Nicos
Published: February 2010

Infrapopliteal mycotic aneurysm resulting from endocarditis is rare, with few reported cases in the literature. We describe a case of ruptured mycotic aneurysm involving the infrapopliteal artery in a patient with aortic and mitral endocarditis. Duplex scanning revealed an oval‐shaped mass at the infrapopliteal segment, consistent with sacular aneurysm. The aneurysm showed signs of rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation, which was confirmed by angio‐MRI and arteriography. The patient was treated by endovascular procedure and remained asymptomatic at the 6‐month follow‐up. (Echocardiography 2010;27:77‐79)
An Unusual Combination of an Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) and a Right Coronary Artery System with Two Separate Ostia from the Aorta in an Adult
Authors: Kats Yuliya , Solanki Pallavi , Waller Alfonso H. , Maldjian Pierre D. , Hamirani Kamran , Tsai Steve C. , Dhruva Vivek , Klapholz Marc , Saric Muhamed
Published: February 2010

We describe a patient with an infrequent combination of variants in both the right and the left coronary arterial ostia, namely a combination of two separate right coronary artery (RCA) ostia from the aorta, and an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). To our knowledge, such a combination has not been previously reported. Based on published statistics for individual variants, such a combination is expected to occur approximately once for every 500,000 to one million live births. ALCAPA and dual RCA anatomy was characterized in our patient by echocardiography, conventional angiography, and multidetector computed tomography before and after Takeuchi repair. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E13‐E17)
Transthoracic Echocardiographic View of Aortic Dissection, Massive Pericardial Effusion and Severe Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in a Young Patient with Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Altunkas Fatih , Ceyhan Koksal , Onalan Orhan
Published: February 2010

(Echocardiography 2010;27:94)
Occult Double RV Physiology Complicating VSD Repair
Authors: Schaffer Wendy , Cavaleri Salvatore , Attai Lawrence , Spevack Daniel M.
Published: February 2010

Double‐chamber right ventricle (DCRV) is an uncommon congenital abnormality usually described in children. It occurs due to partitioning of the right ventricle by prominent muscle bundles. In this case report, we describe an adult in cardiogenic shock postoperatively from repair of a ventricular septal defect in whom a previously undiagnosed DCRV was found to be clinically significant. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E9‐E12)
Giant Aneurysm of the Right Atrial Appendage
Authors: Contreras Alejandro E. , Courtis Javier A. , Brenna Eduardo J. , Amuchastegui Marcos , Amuchastegui Luis M.
Published: February 2010

(Echocardiography 2010;27:95‐96)
Live/Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Findings in an Adult with Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Singh Preeti , Mehta Anjlee , Nanda Navin C.
Published: February 2010

Live/real time three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography provided incremental value over two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in an adult patient with complete atrioventricular (AV) septal defect by (1) making a confident diagnosis of Rastelli type A defect, (2) providing en face view of all the five leaflets of the common AV valve, (3) diagnosing left ventricle to right atrial shunt, and (4) permitting more accurate quantitative assessment of regurgitant lesions. (Echocardiography 2010;27:87‐90)
Continuing Medical Education Program in Echocardiography
Authors: Fan Pohoey , Govind Satish C. , Gadiyaram Varuna K. , Quintana Miguel , Ramesh Srinivasiah Saligrama , Saha Samir
Published: February 2010

Article Title: Study of Left Ventricular Rotation and Torsion in the Acute Phase of ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (Echocardiography 2010;27:44)
Red Pigments Based on CeO2–MO2–Pr6O11(M=Zr and Sn): Solid Solutions for the Coloration of Plastics
Authors: Kumari Leela Sandhya , Rao Padala Prabhakar , Koshy Peter
Published: February 2010

New inorganic pigments based on fluorite solid solutions, Ce0.95MxPr0.05−xO2(M=Zr and Sn;xranges from 0 to 0.05) have been prepared by the conventional solid‐state route with a goal of preparing environmentally benign colorants. The pigments obtained displayed better color characteristics than that of Ce0.95Pr0.05O2system showing colors from brick red to dark brown. The coloring mechanism is based on the introduction of an additional electronic energy level of unpaired 4f electron of the praseodymium ion into the cerianite band. Further, the cosubstitution of Zr or Sn in Ce0.95Pr0.05O2system raises the slope of the absorption edge with a blue shift resulting in enhanced lightness. Their applicability for wide spread use, chemical and thermal stability, and capacity to produce pigmentation in plastics, has been investigated. These findings suggest that the developed red pigments may form a viable and potential alternative to traditional toxic red pigments such as cadmium sulfoselenide.
Manufacture of Biomorphic SiC Components with Homogeneous Properties from Sawdust by Reactive Infiltration with Liquid Silicon
Authors: Calderon Noelia R. , Martinez‐Escandell Manuel , Narciso Javier , Rodriguez‐Reinoso Francisco
Published: February 2010

Biomorphic SiC components with homogeneous properties were manufactured from sawdust using a novel method to produce preforms, without addition of any extra binder, but with enough mechanical strength to be carbonized up to 1400°C without deformation. Reactive infiltration of carbon preforms of an adequate open porosity with liquid silicon has been successfully used to prepare biomorphic components. Moreover, the modification of bioSiC properties induced by the structural rearrangement of carbon preforms when they are further heat treated at 2500°C was additionally studied. BioSiC components showed a maximum in bending strength when the material is processed from carbon preforms exhibiting around 40% of open porosity, which seems to be the optimum value for carbon preforms treated at 1400° and 2500°C. However, the heat treatment of the carbon preforms at 2500°C produced bioSiC components with a finer and more homogeneous microstructure than those obtained from carbon preforms treated at 1400°C, improving their bending strength up to 22%.
Bismuth Borosilicate‐Based Thick Film Passivation of Ag Grid for Large‐Area Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Yeon Deuk Ho , Kim Kyung Kon , Park Nam Gyu , Cho Yong Soo
Published: February 2010

A bismuth borosilicate glass‐based thick film having a low glass transition temperature of 445°C was investigated as a passivation layer for protecting Ag‐grid against corrosive reactions with the common I–/I3− electrolyte for large area dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Glass paste was carefully screen‐printed and then fired in the temperature range of 480°–540°C to have a final thickness of ∼4 μm. The effectiveness of the glass passivation film was related to the degree of densification or porosity, which depended on firing temperature of the glass. A high optical transmittance of ∼70% and the chemical inertness of the well‐densified glass film can be highlighted as promising characteristics for this passivation application. The low electrical resistance of ∼27 Ω of the fluorine‐doped tin oxide‐coated substrate, which was obtained by patterning Ag grid, remained stable over the exposure period of ∼10 days in the electrolyte only when the hermetic protection of Ag was secured by the glass overcoat film after densification at 540°C.
BiFeO3 Thin Films Deposited on LaNiO3‐Buffered SiO2/Si Substrate
Authors: Wu Jiagang , Wang John
Published: February 2010

The BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films that were successfully grown on the LaNiO3 (LNO)‐buffered SiO2/Si(100) substrate by off‐axis radio frequency sputtering demonstrate enhanced electrical behavior, which are attributed to the well‐grown dense film texture at temperatures around 650°C. The LNO buffer layer promoted the growth of BFO film texture, leading to a lowered leakage current, although too high a deposition temperature gave rise to a defective film texture. The ferroelectric behavior of these BFO thin films are therefore strongly dependent on the film deposition temperature, whereby an improved polarization is observed for the film deposited at 650°C. On the basis of the temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent impedance studies, oxygen vacancies are shown to be involved in the conduction and dielectric relaxation of BFO thin films.
Formation of Anatase Phase in HfO2 in Tensile Stress: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Durandurdu Murat
Published: February 2010

We report a direct computational evidence of a phase transformation from the baddeleyite phase to an anatase‐like phase in HfO2 with the application of tensile stress. The phase transformation is first order and associated with the shear deformation. The energy–volume calculations indicate that the energetics of the anatase crystal is favorable and the baddeliyite‐to‐anatase phase transformation occurs −1.0 GPa, implying that the anatase‐like phase of HfO2 can be grown experimentally as thin films under tensile strain.
Local Environment Modification of Er3+ Ion in Tellurite Glasses Induced by MoO3
Authors: Chung Woon Jin , Choi Yong Gyu
Published: February 2010

Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions embedded in tellurite glass were investigated mainly as a function of MoO3 content. Emission intensity and full width at half maximum of the Er3+:4I13/2→4I15/2 transition turned out to be maximized in tellurite glass with 10 mol% MoO3. Changes in the excited‐state lifetime of Er3+:4I13/2 level also showed a different behavior on the variation of MoO3 amount. Judd–Ofelt analysis was performed and the figure of merit for a gain medium was estimated. We used Er L3‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis to elucidate the local environments of Er ions in tellurite glass with or without MoO3. The spectroscopic changes were discussed in connection with the structural parameters obtained.
Preparation of Spherical Titania Nanoparticles by CO2 Laser Evaporation and Process‐Integrated Particle Coating
Authors: Kurland Heinz‐Dieter , Stötzel Christian , Grabow Janet , Zink Ingmar , Müller Eberhard , Staupendahl Gisbert , Müller Frank A.
Published: February 2010

The CO2 laser vaporization (LAVA) method was used to prepare titania nanopowders. Because this versatile method does not require special precursors, a coarse anatase raw powder was applied as starting material. Powder samples produced under varied process parameters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction measurements, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. The laser‐generated powders consist of spherical, single crystalline and pure anatase nanoparticles, merely softly agglomerated by weak van der Waals forces. Using TEM analysis, the influence of the process parameters on the resulting particle size distribution was investigated. The results are discussed with respect to the particle formation by gas phase condensation. The potential of a process integrated, i.e. in situ, coating procedure for the surface modification of the anatase nanoparticles is demonstrated. As an exemplary representative of organic layer materials stearic acid was chosen. The organic coating was characterized by TEM and Raman spectrometry. Because of the unavoidable soft agglomeration the coating covers entire agglomerates rather than individual primary particles. Thus, the influence of the LAVA process parameters on the agglomerate sizes was systematically studied using a scanning mobility particle sizer.
Orange‐to‐Red Emission from Bi2+and Alkaline Earth Codoped Strontium Borate Phosphors for White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Peng Mingying , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: February 2010

SrB4O7 and SrB6O10 were considered as host materials for Bi2+ dopants with luminescence in the orange‐to‐red spectral range. Based on the predominance of tetrahedral anion groups, both compounds are highly efficient for stabilizing the Bi2+‐ion over its trivalent form. SrB4O7: Bi2+ exhibits a broad blue excitation band while SrB6O10: Bi2+ can be excited in the yellow spectral range. These bands suggest high interest for application in light emitting diode devices such as InGaN (SrB4O7:Bi2+) and YAG:Ce3+ (SrB6O10:Bi2+) with improved color rendering index. Absorption due to strongly allowed 2P1/2→2S1/2 occurs at 245 and 286 nm, respectively. By substituting Sr2+ with other alkaline earth species, the parity selection rule for transitions to 2P3/2 (blue and yellow excitation) can be lifted to a large extent, in this way increasing the transition probability from both bands and, thus, improving quantum yield for visible excitation. Analyses of the temperature dependence of luminescence reveal superior performance for SrB4O7:Bi2+.
An investigation on Structure and Electrical Conductivity of Sm0.5−xGdxSr0.5CoO3−δ
Authors: Zhou Fen , Zhong Chongying , Song Xiwen , Hao Xihong , An Shengli
Published: February 2010

Sm0.5−xGdxSr0.5CoO3−δ (SGSC, x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) powders were synthesized by a solution‐combustion method. SGSC formed the major perovskite phase with an orthorhombic symmetry after calcined at 1200°C. The electrical measurements indicated that the Gd3+content have a strong influence on the electrical conductivities of SGSC. It was found that the electrical conductivities of SGSC was firstly increased then decreased as the Gd3+ content changed from 0 to 0.5. The highest electrical conductivity with a value 1820 S/cm was obtained when the amount of Gd reached to 0.2.
Electrical Properties of High Curie Point Pb0.6Bi0.4 (Ti0.75Zn0.15Fe0.10)O3 Ceramics
Authors: An Feifei , Yu Jian
Published: February 2010

Perovskite‐structured Pb0.6Bi0.4(Ti0.75Zn0.15Fe0.1)O3 ceramic patches were prepared with conventional electronic ceramic processing on the basis of its near‐zero thermal expansion coefficient, in contrast to most of PbTiO3‐based solid solutions with decreasing tetragonality and Curie temperature. For the 1% Nb+0.5% Mg‐doped samples sintered at 1050°C, enhanced tetragonality of c/a=1.100 and Curie temperature of Tc=705°C, dielectric constant of ɛ=204, dielectric loss of tan δ=1.7%, and piezoelectric constant of d33=2.0 pC/N were obtained.
Reactions in Eucryptite‐Based Lithium Aluminum Silicates
Authors: Jochum Timothy , Reimanis Ivar
Published: February 2010

The reaction sequence to synthesize β‐eucryptite, LiAlSiO4, from the raw ingredients SiO2, Li2CO3, and Al2O3 was studied using thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Reactions were examined by heating the raw ingredients as two‐component and three‐component mixtures in air, then cooling for phase analysis. In some cases, cyclic heating was performed to ensure a complete reaction. It was found that a complex sequence of reactions involving several intermediate phases occurs. The single oxides (SiO2 and Al2O3) react with Li2CO3 to form the binary oxides (Li2Si2O5, Li2SiO3, and LiAlO2); SiO2 reacts with Li2CO3 before Al2O3. Subsequently, the binary oxides form ternary oxides (LiAlSi2O6 and LiAlSiO4). Finally, the ternary oxides form the equilibrium product, β‐eucryptite (LiAlSiO4). These reactions are discussed in the context of the thermodynamic properties of the various compounds.
An Explosion of a CNG Fuel Vessel in an Urban Bus
Authors: Park Chan‐Seong , Jeon Seung‐Won , Moon Jung‐Eun , Lee Kyu‐Jung
Published: February 2010

Abstract:  An investigation is presented of the explosion of a CNG (compressed natural gas) fuel vessel, called a liner, in an urban bus. The explosion happened at a gas station 10 min after filling was completed. There were no traces of soot and flames at the failed liner, which would be indicative of explosion by ignition of the gas. The filling process of the station was automatically monitored and recorded in a computer. There was no unusual record of the filling system that indicated excess pressure at the time of the accident. There were cracks on the liner that were initiated at the outer surface of the cylindrical shell located at a point 4 cm above the lower dome where cracks did not originate easily as a result of overload. Chemical analysis was performed on a specimen that was cut from the liner, and there was no peculiarity in the mix. Mechanical analysis was performed on the specimens and showed that the hardness was not in the specified range because of inadequate heat treatment of the metal. The hardness of the liner was strictly controlled in the manufacturing process. All the liners that were manufactured at the same period with the failed liner were recalled for examination.
The normal and abnormal owl monkey (Aotus sp.) heart: looking at cardiomyopathy changes with echocardiography and electrocardiography
Authors: Rajendra Rashmi S. , Brady Alan G. , Parks Virginia L. , Massey Clara V. , Gibson Susan V. , Abee Christian R.
Published: February 2010

Background  Cardiovascular disease, especially cardiomyopathy, was the major cause of death among owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) at a major colony and threatened colony sustainability. For this study, echocardiography (echo) and electrocardiography (ECG) normal values were established, and cardiomyopathy animals identified.

Methods  Forty‐eight owl monkeys were studied, 30 older than 10 years of age (‘aged’) and 8 of age 5 years (‘young’). Eight aged owl monkeys had cardiomyopathy.

Results and Conclusions  Aged Aotus had increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness over young animals. Left ventricular diameter and ejection fraction appeared to be the best identifying measurements for cardiomyopathy. There were no differences in the ECG.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Differences in the Soluble HLA‐G Blood Serum Concentration Levels in Patients with Ovarian Cancer and Ovarian and Deep Endometriosis
Authors: Mach Pawel , Blecharz Pawel , Basta Pawel , Marianowski Piotr , Skret‐Magierlo Joanna , Kojs Zbigniew , Grabiec Marek , Wicherek Lukasz
Published: February 2010

Citation Mach P, Blecharz P, Basta P, Marianowski P, Skret‐Magierlo J, Kojs Z, Grabiec M, Wicherek L. Differences in the soluble HLA‐G blood serum concentration levels in patients with ovarian cancer and ovarian and deep endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010

Problem  The relationship between endometriosis and cancer has been widely discussed in the literature but is still not well clarified. Perhaps significantly, soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G (sHLA‐G) has been identified in the microenvironment of both ovarian cancer and endometrioma. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the sHLA‐G levels in the blood sera of women with deep endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma over the course of the menstrual cycle and to compare to the levels of sHLA‐G in the blood sera of women with ovarian cancer.

Method of study  In our study, we examined the blood sera obtained from 123 patients operated on because of ovarian cancer (65 cases), ovarian endometrioma (30 cases), and deep endometriosis (28 cases). We decided to compare the levels of sHLA‐G in patients with endometriosis to those found in patients with ovarian cancer with respect to the menstrual cycle phases. The sHLA‐G concentration level was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results  The level of sHLA‐G concentration in the blood serum of patients with deep endometriosis fluctuates over the course of the menstrual cycle, and during the proliferative and secretory phases, it remains at a high level comparable to that found in patients with ovarian cancer. By contrast, the level of sHLA‐G concentration in the blood serum of patients with ovarian endometrioma fluctuates minimally over the course of the different menstrual cycle phases and, as in patients with ovarian cancer, it remains at high level during the proliferative phase.

Conclusion  sHLA‐G blood serum concentration levels would seem to provide important information regarding the degree of immune system regulation disturbance in both ectopic endometrial cells and the cancer cell suppressive microenvironment.
Rate of succession in restored wetlands and the role of site context
Authors: Matthews Jeffrey W. , Endress Anton G.
Published: February 2010

Question: Are changes in plant species composition, functional group composition and rates of species turnover consistent among early successional wetlands, and what is the role of landscape context in determining the rate of succession?

Location: Twenty‐four restored wetlands in Illinois, USA.

Methods: We use 4 years of vegetation sampling data from each site to describe successional trends and rates of species turnover in wetlands. We quantify: (1) the rate at which composition changes from early‐successional to late‐successional species and functional groups, as indicated by site movement in ordination space over time, and (2) the rate of change in the colonization and local extinction of individual species. We correlate the pace of succession to site area, isolation and surrounding land cover.

Results: Some commonalities in successional trends were evident among sites. Annual species were replaced by clonal perennials, and colonization rates declined over time. However, differences among sites outweighed site age in determining species composition, and the pace of succession was influenced by a site's landscape setting. Rates of species turnover were higher in smaller wetlands. In addition, wetlands in agricultural landscapes underwent succession more rapidly, as indicated by a rapid increase in dominance by late‐successional plants.

Conclusions: Although the outcome of plant community succession in restored wetlands was somewhat predictable, species composition and the pace of succession varied among sites. The ability of restoration practitioners to accelerate succession through active manipulation may be contingent upon landscape context.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations of Failures of Implant Overdenture Bars: A Case Series Report
Authors: Waddell J. Neil , Payne Alan GT , Swain Michael V. , Kieser Jules A.
Published: February 2010

Background: Soldered or cast bars are used as a standard of care in attachment systems supporting maxillary and mandibular implant overdentures. When failures of these bars occur, currently there is a lack of evidence in relation to their specific etiology, location, or nature.

Purpose: To investigate the failure process of a case series of six failed soldered bars, four intact soldered bars, and one intact cast milled bar, which had been supporting implant overdentures.

Materials and Methods: A total of 11 different overdenture bars were removed from patients with different configuration of opposing arches. A failed bar (FB) group (n = 6) had failed soldered overdenture bars, which were recovered from patients following up to 2 years of wear before requiring prosthodontic maintenance and repair. An intact bar (IB) group (n = 5) had both soldered bars and a single cast milled bar, which had been worn by patients for 2 to 5 years prior to receiving other aspects of prosthodontic maintenance. All bars were examined using scanning electron microscopy to establish the possible mode of failure (FB) or to identify evidence of potential failure in the future (IB).

Results: Evidence of a progressive failure mode of corrosion fatigue and creep were observed on all the FB and IB usually around the solder areas and nonoxidizing gold cylinder. Fatigue and creep were also observed in all the IB. Where the level of corrosion was substantial, there was no evidence of wear from the matrices of the attachment system. Evidence of an instantaneous failure mode, ductile and brittle overload, was observed on the fracture surfaces of all the FB, within the solder and the nonoxidizing gold cylinders, at the solder/cylinder interface.

Conclusion: Corrosion, followed by corrosion fatigue, appears to be a key factor in the onset of the failure process for overdenture bars in this case series of both maxillary and mandibular overdentures. Limited sample size and lack of standardization identify trends only but prevent broad interpretation of the findings.
Understanding oral health beliefs and practices among Cantonese‐speaking older Australians
Authors: Mariño Rodrigo , Minichiello Victor , MacEntee Michael I
Published: February 2010

Aim:  The present study was conducted to explore how older immigrants from Hong Kong or Southern China manage their oral health in Melbourne.

Methods:  We used six focus groups involving 50 Cantonese‐speaking immigrants who were 55 years and over and living in Melbourne.

Results:  Four major themes relevant to oral health care emerged from the discussion: (i) traditional Chinese health beliefs; (ii) traditional medicine and oral health; (iii) attitudes towards dentists; and (iv) access to oral health‐care services. Language, communication and cost of dentistry were identified as major barriers to oral health care.

Conclusion:  Older Chinese immigrants in Melbourne have concerns about oral health care that are similar to other ethnic groups, they want more oral health‐related support from government, and many of they return to China or Hong Kong for dental treatment.
Review of psychotropic medication in Tasmanian residential aged care facilities
Authors: Westbury Juanita , Beld Karin , Jackson Shane , Peterson Gregory
Published: February 2010

Aim:  To examine psychotropic medication review practices in residential aged care facilities.

Methods:  Psychotropic medicine use data were collected from residents from 40 residential aged care facilities throughout Tasmania. As an indication of review practices, the measure was repeated at 33 of the original facilities a year later.

Results:  A total of 2389 residents' medication records were examined in 2006. Regular doses of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines were taken by 42% and 21% of residents, respectively. Medication data were available for 1307 of the residents in 2007. Over 60% were taking the same antipsychotic or benzodiazepine agent, at the same dose in 2007, as they were in 2006. Dosage reduction or cessation occurred in less than a quarter of the residents.

Conclusion:  The utilisation of psychotropic medication is high in Tasmanian residential aged care facilities. Attempts to reduce psychotropic doses happen infrequently. Further research is required to establish the barriers to appropriate psychotropic medication review in this setting.
Analysis of DNA‐binding sites on Mhr1, a yeast mitochondrial ATP‐independent homologous pairing protein
Authors: Masuda Tokiha , Ling Feng , Shibata Takehiko , Mikawa Tsutomu
Published: February 2010

The Mhr1 protein is necessary for mtDNA homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologous pairing (HP) is an essential reaction during homologous recombination, and is generally catalyzed by the RecA/Rad51 family of proteins in an ATP‐dependent manner. Mhr1 catalyzes HP through a mechanism similar, at the DNA level, to that of the RecA/Rad51 proteins, but without utilizing ATP. However, it has no sequence homology with the RecA/Rad51 family proteins or with other ATP‐independent HP proteins, and exhibits different requirements for DNA topology. We are interested in the structural features of the functional domains of Mhr1. In this study, we employed the native fluorescence of Mhr1’s Trp residues to examine the energy transfer from the Trp residues to etheno‐modified ssDNA bound to Mhr1. Our results showed that two of the seven Trp residues (Trp71 and Trp165) are spatially close to the bound DNA. A systematic analysis of mutant Mhr1 proteins revealed that Asp69 is involved in Mg2+‐dependent DNA binding, and that multiple Lys and Arg residues located around Trp71 and Trp165 are involved in the DNA‐binding activity of Mhr1. In addition, in vivo complementation analyses showed that a region around Trp165 is important for the maintenance of mtDNA. On the basis of these results, we discuss the function of the region surrounding Trp165.
The SWI/SNF protein BAF60b is ubiquitinated through a signalling process involving Rac GTPase and the RING finger protein Unkempt
Authors: Lorès Patrick , Visvikis Orane , Luna Rosa , Lemichez Emmanuel , Gacon Gérard
Published: February 2010

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes are important regulators of transcription; they consist of large multisubunit assemblies containing either Brm or Brg1 as the catalytic ATPase subunit and a variable subset of approximately 10 Brg/Brm‐associated factors (BAF). Among these factors, BAF60 proteins (BAF60a, BAF60b or BAF60c), which are found in most complexes, are thought to bridge interactions between transcription factors and SWI/SNF complexes. We report here on a Rac‐dependent process leading to BAF60b ubiquitination. Using two‐hybrid cloning procedures, we identified a mammalian RING finger protein homologous to drosophila Unkempt as a new partner of the activated form of RacGTPases and demonstrated that mammalian Unkempt specifically binds to BAF60b and promotes its ubiquitination in a Rac1‐dependent manner. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that Unkempt is primarily localized in the cytoplasmic compartment, but has the ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, suggesting that the Rac‐ and Unkempt‐dependent process leading to BAF60b ubiquitination takes place in the nuclear compartment. Ubiquitinated forms of BAF60b were found to accumulate upon treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, indicating that BAF60b ubiquitination is of the degradative type and could regulate the level of BAF60b in SWI/SNF complexes. Our observations support the new idea of a direct connection between Rac signalling and chromatin remodelling.

Structured digital abstract

 MINT‐7543606: Rac1 (uniprotkb:P63000) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Unkempt (uniprotkb:B1GXI8) by two hybrid (MI:0018)

 MINT‐7543198: Unkempt (uniprotkb:B1GXI8) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Rac1 (uniprotkb:P63000) by pull down (MI:0096)

 MINT‐7543251: Unkempt (uniprotkb:B1GXI8) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BAF60b (uniprotkb:B4DV56) by pull down (MI:0096)

 MINT‐7543745: Unkempt (uniprotkb:B1GXI8) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BAF60b (uniprotkb:B4DV56) by two hybrid (MI:0018)

 MINT‐7543182: Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P61864) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Unkempt (uniprotkb:B1GXI8) by pull down (MI:0096)

 MINT‐7543805: Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P61864) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Unkempt (uniprotkb:Q6RUT6) by pull down (MI:0096)

 MINT‐7543760: Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P61864) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BAF60b (uniprotkb:B4DV56) by pull down (MI:0096)
Erectogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Icariin, a Purified Extract of Horny Goat Weed (Epimediumspp.) In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Shindel Alan W. , Xin Zhong-Chen , Lin Guiting , Fandel Thomas M. , Huang Yun-Ching , Banie Lia , Breyer Benjamin N. , Garcia Maurice M. , Lin Ching-Shwun , Lue Tom F.
Published: February 2010

Introduction

Epimedium species (aka horny goat weed) have been utilized for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Traditional Chinese Medicine for many years. Icariin (ICA) is the active moiety of Epimedium species.

Aim

To evaluate the penile hemodynamic and tissue effects of ICA in cavernous nerve injured rats. We also studied the in vitro effects of ICA on cultured pelvic ganglia.

Methods

Rats were subjected to cavernous nerve injury and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with daily gavage feedings of a placebo solution of normal saline and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vs. ICA dissolved in DMSO at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. A separate group underwent a single dose of ICA 10 mg/kg 2 hours prior to functional testing. Functional testing with cavernous nerve stimulation and real-time assessment of intracavernous pressure (ICP) was performed at 4 weeks. After functional testing, penile tissue was procured for immunohistochemistry and molecular studies. In separate experiments, pelvic ganglia were excised from healthy rats and cultured in the presence of ICA, sildenafil, or placebo culture media.

Main Outcome Measure

Ratio of ICP and area under the curve (AUC) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cavernous nerve stimulation of subject rodents. We also assayed tissue expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), calponin, and apoptosis via immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Differential length of neurite outgrowth was assessed in cultured pelvic ganglia.

Results

Rats treated with low-dose ICA demonstrated significantly higher ICP/MAP and AUC/MAP ratios compared with control and single-dose ICA animals. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were revealing of significantly greater positivity for nNOS and calponin in penile tissues of all rats treated with ICA. ICA led to significantly greater neurite length in cultured specimens of pelvic ganglia.

Conclusion

ICA may have neurotrophic effects in addition to known phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibiting effects. Shindel AW, Xin Z-C, Lin G, Fandel TM, Huang YC, Banie L, Breyer BN, Garcia MM, Lin C-S, and Lue TF. Erectogenic and neurotrophic effects of icariin, a purified extract of horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.) in vitro and in vivo.
Arthropods and biofuel production systems in North America
Authors: Landis Douglas A. , Werling Benjamin P.
Published: February 2010

Abstract  Biomass harvest may eventually be conducted on over 100 000 000 ha of US crop and forest lands to meet federally‐mandated targets for renewable biofuels. Such large‐scale land use changes could profoundly impact working landscapes and the arthropod communities that inhabit them. We review the literature on dedicated biofuel crops and biomass harvest from forests to look for commonalities in arthropod community responses. With expanded biofuel production, existing arthropod pests of biofuel crops will likely become more important and new pests will emerge. Beneficial arthropods will also be influenced by biofuel crop habitats, potentially altering the distribution of pollination and pest control services to the surrounding landscape. Production of biofuel crops including initial crop selection, genetic improvement, agronomic practices, and harvest regimes will also influence arthropod communities. In turn, arthropods will impact the productivity and species composition of biomass production systems. Some of these processes have the potential to cause landscape‐level changes in arthropod community dynamics and insect‐vectored plant diseases. Finally, changes in arthropod populations and their spatiotemporal distribution in the landscape will have impacts on consumers of insects at higher trophic levels, potentially influencing their population and community dynamics and producing feedbacks to arthropod communities. Given that dedicated biofuel crops and intensified biomass harvest from forests are still relatively uncommon in North America, as they increase, we anticipate ‘predictably unpredictable’ shifts in arthropod communities and the ecosystem services and functions they support. We suggest that research on arthropod dynamics within biofuel crops, their spillover into adjacent habitats, and implications for the sustainability of working landscapes are critical topics for both basic and applied investigations.