bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super-Elastic Double-Helix Model of Photon. Huygens-de Broglie Particle on the Helical Path Guided by the Newton-Bohm Entangled Helical Evolute. Quantum of Magnetic Flux Based on the Mathematical Beauty of Newton, Lorentz, Einstein, Dirac, Gell-Mann, Schw
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: July 2019

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. In our model the photon is represented as the Huygens-de Broglie’s particle on the helical path (full wave) guided by the Newton-Bohm entangled evolute (empty wave). We have formulated the concept of the Super-Elastic Photon WAVE based on the Great Works of Weber, Abbe, Voigt and Einstein. This model works with the longitudinal elasticity of that WAVE that was already very well tested experimentally. Newly, we propose to test the elastic amplitude of this WAVE for the case of the Doppler’s redshift, the Doppler’s blueshift, and the Zwicky’s redshift. We have newly used the concept of the Lorentz’ force for the description of the photon acting force and the fermion reacting force. In this model the Lorentz’ factors γ and γ3 do not describe the “transverse mass of fermions” and longitudinal mass of fermions” but the “reacting transverse force of fermions” and the “reacting longitudinal force of fermions”. (The mass of photons and fermions does not change with their speed). It is very well-known that the cylindrical helix observed from different angles forms shadows in the Plato’s Cave as circle, sine, cosine, trochoid, cochleoid, hyperbolic spiral. Therefore, the resulting shape depends on the observer position in the Plato’s Cave-this is the famous Rashomon effect between observers. Based on the Newton-Bohm helical evolute and the Huygens-de Broglie helical path of the particle we have derived interesting formula known as the quantum of the magnetic flux. When we work further with this concept based on the Mathematical Beauty developed by Dirac, Gell-Mann, Schwinger, Polchinski, Witten and many others, we will obtain possible properties of the magnetic monopole. This photon quantum of the magnetic flux can be experimentally evaluated in the known tests with superconductors and micro-WAVES and infrared-WAVES. Can it be that Nature cleverly works with the magnetic monopole hidden in plain sight? We want to pass this concept into the hands of Readers of this Journal better educated in the Mathematics and Physics.
Blood Donation Systems in Bangladesh: Problems and Remedy
Authors: Sahariar Hasan Jiisun Md , Akter Rupa Rasheda , Hussain Chowdhury Monzur , Mushrofa Hasina , Hoque Md. Rakibul
Published: July 2019

Every year patients of various diseases need blood. Among them some need regular transfusion of blood. Hence, safe blood save life but unsafe one takes life. Ensuring regular flow of safe blood is a great challenge for the community in developing countries. Various public and private organizations are working for this purpose. Although the number of blood donor is increasing, there is still a huge gap in demand and supply of blood. A study has conducted to find out problems in getting blood donor in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from 430 respondents in different urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, in depth interviews have conducted with hospital authority, blood donating organizations, public and private organizations and volunteers who work for various blood donating organizations. This study finds that patients need blood for delivery case (76%), surgery (55%), kidney diseases (33%), thalassemia (37%) and anemia (41%). About 48% blood seekers report that they require about 19-24 hours for managing each bag of blood. The seekers also report that they collect blood from relatives (77%), blood donating organizations (33%) and blood bank (26%). About 26% donors report that they have to pass more than 6 km for blood donation. They also spend money more than 100 taka (12%) for this purpose. Before and during blood donation, donors face several problems such as transportation problem (38%), coping with emergency case (32%), unskilled staff (29%), health related problem (15%) and lengthy cross checking process (35%). There are a number of people want to donate blood willingly. However, they can’t donate due to lack of available communication with blood seekers. Maintaining database of donors, training staffs and using technologies and machines for blood donation process can solve problems in blood donation.
La construcción de la identidad personal y profesional de los deportistas de alto nivel
Authors: López-Aguilar David , Álvarez-Pérez Pedro Ricardo
Published: July 2019

La retirada de la práctica deportiva constituye una de las fases más complejas en la trayectoria vital de los deportistas de alto nivel, y requiere de una adecuada preparación y planificación previas. La definición del proyecto profesional y vital puede ayudar a los deportistas a afrontar este proceso antes, durante y después de la retirada de su actividad. En relación con esta problemática, el objetivo central del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia de distintos factores asociados al desarrollo profesional y vital de deportistas españoles de alto nivel. Para la recogida de datos se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada, que se organizó en torno a cinco dimensiones básicas: competición deportiva de alto nivel (I); fase exploratoria, conocimiento de sí mismo (II); fase exploratoria, conocimiento del entorno (III); fase de definición de las metas profesionales (IV), y fase de toma de decisiones vocacionales y profesionales (V). La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 16 deportistas de alto nivel acreditados por el Consejo Superior de Deportes. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, cabe destacar que los participantes en el estudio eran conscientes de la importancia que tenía la formación académica y el diseño de un proyecto personal y de vida sobre su futuro desarrollo profesional.
Evaluación del modelo educativo constructivista de orientación educativa e intervención psicopedagógica desde el enfoque socioformativo
Authors: De la Oliva David , Tobón Sergio , Pérez Sánchez Ana Karina , Romero Joel , Escamilla Posadas Karla Melina
Published: July 2019

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar y valorar el modelo de intervención que aplican equipos psicopedagógicos concretos en algunos centros de educación básica pública. Metodológicamente, se realizó un estudio descriptivo valorativo mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios con preguntas cerradas a los miembros de dichos equipos psicopedagógicos. Los resultados más importantes fueron que un alto porcentaje de profesionales aplica el denominado enfoque clínico, modelo criticado por toda la literatura científica a causa del bajo impacto que ha ejercido y de los malos resultados que ha obtenido. Por ello, se concluye proponiendo actualizar la normativa y la formación de estos docentes, a fin de encaminarles hacia una práctica psicopedagógica dirigida por el modelo educativo constructivista a través de un enfoque socioformativo por competencias.
A CONTROVERSA RELAÇÃO DE J.-J. ROUSSEAU COM A REPÚBLICA DE GENEBRA
Authors: Alves Vital Francisco Celestino
Published: July 2019

Na filosofia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau encontramos diversos elogios a modelos políticos oriundos da Antiguidade (Esparta e Roma), assim como outros elogios à República de Genebra. A esse último modelo, o pensador dedica a obra Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens. Entretanto, até que ponto se pode afirmar que a ordenação política genebrina influenciou e contribuiu para a formação do pensamento político de Rousseau? Tendo essa questão como eixo central e objetivando produzir uma reflexão sobre a Genebra de Rousseau, o presente artigo pretende: primeiro, descrever como era a ordem política genebrina; segundo, tratar da relação entre Rousseau e Genebra; e, por último, correlacionar a posição que ocupa a cidade natal do autor com os seus escritos políticos apresentados na Dedicatória e no Contrato social e examinar a consistência das três principais linhas interpretativas que relacionam Genebra à filosofia política de Rousseau.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Rousseau. República de Genebra. Relação.ABSTRACTIn the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau we find several compliments to political models coming from Antiquity (Sparta and Rome), as well as other compliments to the Republic of Geneva. To this last model, the thinker dedicates the work Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men. However, to what extent can one affirm that the political order of Geneva influenced and contributed to the formation of Rousseau's political thought? With this question as the central axis and aiming to produce a reflection on Rousseau's Geneva, the present article aims to: first, describe the Genevan political, second, deal with Rousseau's relationship with Geneva, and, finally, correlate the position the author's hometown occupies with his political writings presented in the Dedication and the Social Contract and examine the consistency of the three main interpretive lines relating Geneva to Rousseau's political philosophy.KEYWORDS: Rousseau. Republic of Geneva. Relationship.
Indicadores de qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares da comunidade Vale do Sol II, em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso
Authors: Nascimento Andréia Rezende , Giaretta Jussara , Nodari Poliana Roma Greve , Crzebieluckas Cleci , Junior Santino Seabra
Published: July 2019

O estudo identificou indicadores de qualidade de vida e sua relação entre saúde, produção de alimentos e conservação ambiental na comunidade Vale do Sol II, em Tangará da Serra/MT. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualiquantitativa e que teve como instrumento de coleta a aplicação de formulário semiestruturado, contendo perguntas de cunho ambiental, socioeconômico, produção de alimentos e qualidade de vida. A amostra foi composta por 40 agricultores (as) familiares. Identificou-se que todos os agricultores usam agroquímicos, porém 57,5% utilizam Equipamentos de Proteção Individual. A principal renda das famílias é oriunda da venda de mandioca, frango e abacaxi, entretanto, pretendem diversificar com novas espécies de frutas e hortaliças. Os pesquisados definiram qualidade vida como saúde, educação, condições habitacionais, alimentação diversificada e saneamento básico, contudo, declararam que faltam ações de melhorias, tais como recursos econômicos, assistência técnica, transporte coletivo para a cidade, cursos de aperfeiçoamento na comunidade, integração social e lazer.
Experiencing poverty in an online simulation: Effects on players’ beliefs, attitudes and behaviors about poverty
Authors: Hernández-Ramos Pedro , Bachen Christine M. , Raphael Chad , Ifcher John , Broghammer Michael
Published: July 2019

Digital simulations are increasingly used to educate about the causes and effects of poverty, and inspire action to alleviate it. Drawing on research about attributions of poverty, subjective well-being, and relative income, this experimental study assesses the effects of an online poverty simulation (entitled Spent) on participants’ beliefs, attitudes, and actions. Results show that, compared with a control group, Spent players donated marginally more money to a charity serving the poor and expressed higher support for policies benefitting the poor, but were less likely to take immediate political action by signing an online petition to support a higher minimum wage. Spent players also expressed greater subjective well-being than the control group, but this was not associated with increased policy support or donations. Spent players who experienced greater presence (perceived realism of the simulation) had higher levels of empathy, which contributed to attributing poverty to structural causes and support for anti-poverty policies. We draw conclusions for theory about the psychological experience of playing online poverty simulations, and for how they could be designed to stimulate charity and support for anti-poverty policies.
Considerations When Incorporating Technology Into Classroom and Experiential Teaching
Authors: Eiland Lea S. , Todd Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Technology and education are merging in today's society. Students in primary and secondary education recognize technology incorporated into teaching as a standard practice, not a unique experience. Curriculum standards in professional health sciences education have changed to promote the increased use of technology, with the purpose of enhancing student skills and engagement. The classroom and experiential settings offer opportunities for technology to be incorporated in a variety of ways. Technology can be useful for the teacher and student; however, challenges do exist. This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of incorporating technology into the settings of classroom and experiential teaching. Specifically, the purpose and use of technology, equipment, accessibility, time, and costs are discussed and example software programs are described.
Use of Body Surface Area for Dosing of Vancomycin
Authors: Sawrey Elizabeth L. , Subramanian Mary W. , Ramirez Kacy A. , Snyder Brandy S. , Logston Brittany B. , Russell Gregory B.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES Vancomycin weight-based dosing regimens often fail to achieve therapeutic trough serum concentration in children ≤12 years of age and rigorous studies evaluating efficacy and safety of body surface area (BSA)–based dosing regimens have not been performed. We compared vancomycin trough serum concentrations in pediatric patients receiving a weight- or BSA-based dosing regimen.

METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study evaluating pediatric patients, ages 1 to 12 years, who received vancomycin from September 2012 to October 2015. Patients received a minimum of 3 consecutive doses at the same scheduled interval within a dosing regimen prior to a measured vancomycin serum trough concentration. The primary outcome was percentage of initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥10 mg/L. The secondary outcomes were percentage of supratherapeutic, therapeutic, and subtherapeutic vancomycin serum concentration for all patients, including a subset of overweight and obese patients, and number of nephrotoxic occurrences.

RESULTS BSA-based dosing regimens resulted in 50% of the initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥ 10 mg/L compared with 17% for the weight-based dosing regimens (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were noted between the 2 dosing regimens for supratherapeutic, therapeutic, or subtherapeutic trough concentrations for all patients, and for the subset of overweight and obese patients. Nephrotoxic occurrences were noted in 7% of the weight-based dosing regimens compared with none in the BSA-based dosing regimens.

CONCLUSIONS A BSA-based vancomycin dosing regimen resulted in significantly more initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥10 mg/L and trended towards higher initial vancomycin trough concentrations without observable nephrotoxicity.
Identification of Errors in Pediatric Prescriptions and Interventions to Prevent Errors: A Survey of Community Pharmacists
Authors: Brown Sara W. , Oliveri Lauren M. , Ohler Kirsten H. , Briars Leslie
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES Assess the competency of community pharmacists in identifying errors in pediatric prescriptions and to determine how often pharmacists perform interventions known to mitigate the likelihood of error. The study sought to recognize factors that may impact the pharmacist's ability to identify and mediate these errors, and to detect barriers that limit the role of the pharmacist pediatric patient care.

METHODS A survey was distributed through the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Alumni Network and the Illinois Pharmacists Association email listservs. Pharmacists practicing in a retail setting within the last 5 years were included. Three prescription scenarios for commonly used pediatric medications with corresponding questions were created to assess a pharmacist's ability to identify errors. Demographics pertaining to the pharmacist and the practice site, as well as information about dispensing practices, were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that might impact the pharmacists' ability to identify errors.

RESULTS One hundred sixty-one respondents began the survey and 138 met inclusion criteria. In 15% to 59% of scenario-based questions, pharmacists did not appropriately identify errors or interventions that would decrease the likelihood of error. Correct identification of doses was associated with total prescription volume in one scenario and with pediatric prescription volume in another scenario. Pharmacists did not consistently label prescriptions for oral liquids in milliliters or dispense oral syringes. Barriers to pharmacist involvement included availability and interest of the caregiver, ability to contact prescriber, and pharmacy staffing.

CONCLUSION Community pharmacists did not consistently identify medication errors or use interventions known to mitigate error risk.
Análise quanti-qualitativa do estado da degradação de bacia hidrográfica
Authors: Teixeira Marcilio Baltazar , Camargo Pedro Luiz Teixeira de , Martins Júnior Paulo Pereira
Published: July 2019

A ideia de impacto ambiental, às vezes, pode provocar diferentes observações ou entendimentos sobre o meio físico natural, principalmente no que diz respeito a questão estrutural do substrato, e também sobre os processos geodinâmicos externos relacionados a degradante atividade de uso e ocupação solos. Assim, os recursos financeiros que podem ser disponibilizados com atividades de mitigação (e/ou recuperação) ambiental, e a possibilidade de soluções de engenharia são capazes de descrever (ou levantar) as diferenças entre degradação e estado de Degradação (eD). Logo, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar um procedimento interdisciplinar, que permita mesclar também as geociências e a engenharia para gestão geoambiental do território. Considerando para a avaliação do impacto ambiental, índices de degradação estimados e reconhecidos em função da extensão, dos efeitos de repercussão (em áreas vizinhas e longínquas), da intensidade dos efeitos (como destruições diversas) e da viabilidade de obras de mitigação em função de custos pecuniários e tempos de retorno. Neste caso, ficou constatado que a metodologia utilizada, desenvolvida por Martins Junior (2014) apresentou um resultado de avaliação de impacto ambiental razoável, ao observar as magnitudes dos impactos ambientais da área de estudo.
Determinantes da ecoeficiência: uma análise através da regressão Tobit
Authors: Maciel Harine Matos , Khan Ahmad Saeed , Rocha Leonardo Andrade
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar através de uma Regressão Tobit as variáveis que tiveram maior impacto no Índice de Ecoeficiência dos países. Das variáveis explicativas utilizadas no modelo de regressão, o Rebanho Total/Área Rural foi a única que não se mostrou significante. Formação Bruta de Capital Fixo, Consumo de Combustíveis Fósseis e Rendas de Carvão possuem um efeito negativo sobre o escore de ecoeficiência, enquanto as variáveis Taxa de Alfabetização de Adultos e Qualidade do Governo geram um efeito positivo. A principal implicação dos resultados obtidos é de que são necessárias regulamentações mais rigorosas acerca do tema ambiental, buscando assim ampliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto para propor melhores alternativas de se alcançar a sustentabilidade tão necessária para as futuras gerações.
Assistência fisioterapêutica em prematuros com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Teles Simone Amancio , Teixeira Marineth Ferreira de Carvalho , Maciel Daniela Maristane Vieira Lopes
Published: July 2019

A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório (SDR) é um distúrbio que acomete principalmente os recém-nascidos prematuros pela imaturidade pulmonar, resultante da deficiência ou inativação do surfactante. O surfactante é uma substância lipoprotéica produzida pelas células pneumócitos tipo II e armazenado nos corpos lamelares para, posteriormente, ser liberado no espaço alveolar, sintetizado a partir da 20º semana de gestação, com pico de produção por volta da 35º semana. A função do surfactante é diminuir a tensão superficial dos alvéolos, evitando o colabamento na expiração. Quanto menor a idade gestacional de nascimento, maior o risco de desenvolver a SDR. A prematuridade e a imaturidade do sistema respiratório levam à maior necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo, oxigenioterapia, assistência fisioterapêutica e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. A fisioterapia respiratória tem papel importante na manutenção da permeabilidade das vias aéreas, prevenção de complicações respiratórias, promoção da higiene brônquica, otimização da reexpansão pulmonar, posicionamento adequado e vigilância nos ajustes dos parâmetros da ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva. Este estudo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica para identificar as estratégias terapêuticas respiratórias utilizadas pelo fisioterapeuta na assistência ao recém-nascido prematuro com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório. Para este fim, fizemos um levantamento de artigos científicos em bases de dados eletrônicos como SciELO, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e PubMed, através dos cognatos ‘Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório’, ‘prematuros’, ‘unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal’, ‘fisioterapia’ e ‘ventilação mecânica’, e seus correlatos em inglês ‘Respiratory Distress Syndrome’, ‘premature infants’, ‘neonatal intensive care unit’, e ‘physical therapy and mechanical ventilation’. A assistência fisioterapêutica a neonatos prematuros com SDR na UTIN é imprescindível para o sucesso da terapêutica e melhora progressiva da função pulmonar até a alta. O fisioterapeuta deve exercer um plano de tratamento integral e humanizado indo desde o ajuste ventilatório invasivo e não invasivo a execução de manobras terapêuticas, posicionamento e cuidados com a ocorrência de sequelas como hemorragia intraperiventricular e displasia broncopulmonar que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e qualidade de vida após alta hospitalar.
Ramón Llull: arte y mística. Imágenes, memoria y dignidades (Para una comparación entre las místicas del amor de Ibn ʿArabī y Ramón Llull)
Authors: Martínez Albarracín Francisco
Published: July 2019

“¡Qué plenitud la de tu alegría en mí! ¡Qué descendimiento a mí el tuyo!Señor de todos los cielos, si yo no existiera, ¿qué sería de tu amor?Tú me tienes como compañero de tu tesoro; tus alegrías están jugando sinparar en mi corazón y tu voluntad está siempre recreándose en mi vida.Por eso tú, Rey de reyes, te has adornado tan hermosamente, enamoradode mi corazón.Por eso te pierdes de amor en el amor de tu amante. Y allí eres visto, en laperfecta unión de los dos”.(Rabindranat Tagore, Gitanajali, 56).Estos versos inspirados de Tagore pretenden aludir a la experiencia mística, más precisamente, a su culminación. Para referirnos luego a la mística de Lulio, centro de su pensamiento y clave de su Arte, no vendrá mal recordar las palabras de San Agustín, ya anciano, en su comentario sobre San Juan. Digamos, en un paréntesis, algo bien conocido: la metafísica de Ramón Llull se nutre del agustinismo franciscano y del neoplatonismo aviceniano, como su Arte se alimenta de la lógica de Algacel.Pero es que el sufismo de éste último nos conduce a la relación inevitable con Ibn ʿArabī: las concepciones acerca del amor de estos dos grandes maestros, Ibn ʿArabī y Llull, confluyen, como sus dos centenarios, propiciando un delicioso diálogo de poesía, pensamiento y misticismo tremendamentesugerente. [...]
Ibn ʿArabī y la residencia de los Ṭāʾī en La Alberca (Murcia)
Authors: Pocklington Robert
Published: July 2019

La historia medieval de La Alberca, población situada a 4 km al sur de Murcia (España), es actualmente una gran desconocida, a pesar de su insigne pasado argárico, ibérico, romano y visigótico de la ladera meridional de la Huerta que no tuvo continuidad en la época árabe y bajomedieval, y con la destrucción de lo que se llamaba Eio tras la fundación de Murcia en el 825 parece marcar el fin de un período glorioso. En el verano de 1165, cuando nació Ibn ʿArabī, el reino mardanīší de Murcia vivía sus últimos años de calma y prosperidad, pues aún controlaba un vasto territorio que se extendía prácticamente hasta Córdoba, Pero por esas mismas fechas los almohades ya estaban preparando la primera incursión importante de su larga campaña para conquistar Murcia. La Alberca, tras esta conquista, dejo de ser importante hasta principios del siglo XVII que volvió a asomar la cabeza cuando Gabriel Dávalos Fajardo compró el mayorazgo a Felipe IV y la convirtió en villa con el nombre de La Alberca de las Torres. En el presente artículo queremos hacer una revisión sobre qué había en La Alberca y su entorno durante la mayor parte de la época islámica y los primeros siglos cristianos, para ello recurriremos al linaje de Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī, íntimamente unido —como mostraremos— al pasado de esta población, lo cual nos ayudará a reconstruir en parte su historia durante este período. Pues en el nombre completo de Ibn ‘Arabī encontramos la nisba tribal al-Ṭāʾī al-Ḥātimī, cuyo adjetivo gentilicio ṭāʾī sitúa los orígenes tribales de Ibn ʿArabī en la otrora poderoso clan árabe de los Ṭayyiʾ.  Y hallamos, precisamente, que Murcia fue el lugar de origen de entre el 30% y 40% de los autores andalusíes ṭāʾíes, y que pudo haberse convertido en el solar principal de la tribu Ṭayyiʾ en al-Andalus, lo cual confirma el dato de al-Maqqarī de que “la residencia de los Ṭayyiʾ  (Manzil Ṭayyiʾ) en al-Andalus se encontraba en Murcia”, ya que, además la expresión “Manzil Tayyi’ se convirtió en un topónimo patrimonial y fue adoptado por los primeros pobladores castellanos de Murcia como Mezlatay,  nombre que, como veremos, podemos identificar con la zona de la Alberca. Además, Mezlatay llegó a ser un importante lugar hasta el punto de que Alfonso X, después de cederlo en un primer momento a la ciudad de Cartagena, lo recuperó para entregárselo al hijo del rey Ibn Hud de Murcia.
L’innocence du romancier : Orhan Pamuk ouvre son art
Authors: Hamel Yan
Published: July 2019

Cet article se penche sur Le romancier naïf et le romancier sentimental, transposition écrite des conférences de Charles Eliot Norton prononcées par Orhan Pamuk à l’Université Harvard en 2009, ainsi que sur D’autres couleurs, recueil d’essais portant en partie sur l’art du roman et l’oeuvre de romanciers importants tels que Sterne, Dostoïevski, Tolstoi, Mann, etc. Il s’agit de montrer comment la pensée de Pamuk sur l’art du roman est profondément scindée, mise en tension par une série de contradictions irrésolues. Par exemple, l’auteur, qui veut présenter le roman comme un genre autosuffisant — capable de s’engendrer et de se penser lui-même —, se montre néanmoins féru de théorie littéraire et désireux d’exposer ses idées dans des genres non fictionnels. L’article en vient à proposer une lecture montrant comment le dynamisme propre au genre romanesque naît justement de cette instabilité et de cette irrésolution qui se laissent lire dans les méandres de la pensée élaborée par le Prix Nobel de littérature.
L’investissement conforme à la Charia est-il socialement responsable ?
Authors: Desbrières Philippe , Erragragui Elias , Peillex Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Cette étude propose une réflexion inédite sur la pertinence d’inclure l’ICC dans la sphère de l’ISR. Nous établissons une comparaison à la fois qualitative et quantitative entre ces deux types d’investissement pour comprendre dans quelle mesure l’ICC se distingue de l’ISR. Les résultats révèlent une surperformance financière de l’ICC en période de crise en dépit d’une sous-performance sociétale. Nous concluons que, bien que l’ICC obéisse à une certaine conception de l’ISR, la non-inclusion des considérations ESG dans ses règles de management actuelles devrait conduire les communautés académique et professionnelle à le traiter en tant que type d’investissement à part entière.
On Objects and Material Devices in the Organisational Responses to Institutional Pluralism: Insights from Economies of Worth
Authors: Daudigeos Thibault , Valiorgue Bertrand
Published: July 2019

This research note contributes to the conceptual development of neo-institutional theory by applying the work of scholars associated with the economies-of-worth research stream to enhance understanding of how objects and material devices contribute to stabilising coordination processes when multiple principles of action coexist within a single organisation. We demonstrate that, depending on the responses to different principles of action constructed by an organisation and its members, different objects and material devices are involved. Specifically, we use empirical examples to highlight three categories of objects and material devices: specific, composite and settlement objects.
Chinese Investments in Africa: What Have We Learnt?
Authors: Abodohoui Alexis , Su Zhan , Da-Silva Imelda Aurore
Published: July 2019

With this systematic review, we intend to achieve three aims: (1) to take an inventory of what have been done so far in the field of Chinese investments in Africa; (2) to critically analyze the actors, motivations, mode of entry, impacts and management challenges, in the light of international business theories; and (3) to identify research gaps for what needs to be done in the future. Based on different international business theories, this review offers new insights to explore Chinese investments in African countries and contribute to the overall body of knowledge about Sino-Africa relationship.
Proximité avec la nature et jeu des genres littéraires : L’Homme des haies de Jean-Loup Trassard et Naissance d’un pont de Maylis de Kerangal
Authors: Buekens Sara
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, nous proposons une lecture de deux romans français de l’extrême contemporain, Naissance d’un pont de Maylis de Kerangal (2010) et L’Homme des haies de Jean-Loup Trassard (2012). Ces auteurs présentent des personnages qui vivent, en marge ou tout à fait hors d’un environnement humain, une interaction particulière avec les règnes animal ou végétal. Nous prêterons attention à la façon dont les romanciers argumentent en faveur d’une sympathie pour ceux qui vivent des expériences authentiques dans la nature – que le progrès industriel et les problèmes écologiques risquent de rendre bientôt impossibles. Nous aborderons aussi le travail d’écriture qui accompagne les descriptions et les prises de position des auteurs étudiés et tiendrons compte de la façon dont ils jouent avec les conventions du roman réaliste (Trassard) et de l’épopée (Kerangal).
La nouvelle québécoise : forme privilégiée de la littérature à vocation environnementale
Authors: Defraeye Julien
Published: July 2019

Sous ses impératifs de concision, la nouvelle, genre de l’économie textuelle, s’accorde une certaine vocation à la performativité. Ses protagonistes, d’une psychologie souvent liminaire, sont ainsi relégués au second plan d’une narration éthérée qui s’enquiert d’aller à l’essentiel. La nouvelle propose ainsi un médium à la fois concis et pédagogique, potentiellement à même de retranscrire l’urgence de la crise environnementale, une des dernières causes communes qui semble poindre dans les productions littéraires québécoises de ces vingt-cinq dernières années. À travers des recueils de Louis Hamelin, Robert Lalonde et Lise Tremblay, le présent article s’interroge sur l’adéquation de la nouvelle pour témoigner des inquiétudes sur l’environnement.
Bleuets et abricots : la femme-territoire de Natasha Kanapé Fontaine
Authors: Papillon Joëlle
Published: July 2019

Cet article analyse l’écopolitique mise de l’avant dansBleuets et abricots(2016) de la poète innue Natasha Kanapé Fontaine. Cette oeuvre constitue un point d’entrée remarquable pour comprendre la dimension poétique et politique de l’engagement environnemental de l’auteure, qui s’exprime d’une part à travers une identification forte entre une femme autochtone et un territoire qu’elle revendique comme sien, et d’autre part par l’inscription du territoire comme un Autre avec qui une relation tendre est engagée. Cette relation prend tour à tour les contours d’un rapport de parenté, d’un rapport maternel et d’un rapport amoureux. Enracinée dans son territoire, la locutrice parvient à articuler sa lutte décoloniale en présentant les femmes et les territoires autochtones comme survivant(e)s et, ultimement, indestructibles.
Imaginaire de la catastrophe. Une lecture écopoétique de La Carte des feux de René Lapierre
Authors: Lepage Élise
Published: July 2019

La Carte des feux (Les Herbes rouges, 2015) de René Lapierre est un recueil de poèmes qui donne à voir un monde post-apocalyptique où l’incurie humaine et la violence des catastrophes naturelles ont partie liée. Cet article propose une lecture de ce recueil à la croisée de deux approches théoriques, soit l’écopoétique et l’imaginaire de la fin, afin d’étudier comment, en dehors de tout cadre narratif, cette oeuvre « raconte » à sa façon la fin d’un monde, par-delà les siècles et les continents. Analysant tant le système énonciatif que les questions éthiques et herméneutiques qu’elle soulève, la présente réflexion met en lumière comment l’état de crise permanent condamne au chaos toute possibilité de relation, que ce soit dans le réel (les interactions des différents êtres vivants et composants d’un milieu) ou dans le langage (la cohérence du poème, la logique du recueil). Ce recueil suggère ainsi que lorsque les relations écologiques ne sont plus, il ne reste plus qu’un système cynique et énergivore qui tourne à vide ne menant qu’à la destruction.
The effect of reverse transcription enzymes and conditions on high throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA
Authors: Šťovíček Adam , Cohen-Chalamish Smadar , Gillor Osnat
Published: July 2019

It is assumed that the sequencing of ribosomes better reflects the active microbial community than the sequencing of the ribosomal RNA encoding genes. Yet, many studies exploring microbial communities in various environments, ranging from the human gut to deep oceans, questioned the validity of this paradigm due to the discrepancies between the DNA and RNA based communities. Here we focus on an often neglected key step in the analysis, the reverse transcription (RT) reaction. Previous studies showed that RT may introduce biases when expressed genes and ribosmal rRNA are quantified, yet its effect on microbial diversity and community composition was never tested. High throughput sequencing of ribosomal RNA is a valuable tool to understand microbial communities as it better describes the active population than DNA analysis. However, the necessary step of RT may introduce biases that have so far been poorly described. In this manuscript, we compare three RT enzymes, commonly used in soil microbiology, in two temperature modes to determine a potential source of bias due to non-standardized RT conditions. In our comparisons, we have observed up to 6 fold differences in bacterial class abundance. A temperature induced bias can be partially explained by G-C content of the affected bacterial groups, thus pointing towards a need for higher reaction temperatures. However, another source of bias was due to enzyme processivity differences. This bias is potentially hard to overcome and thus mitigating it might require the use of one enzyme for the sake of cross-study comparison.
Distinct subdivisions of human medial parietal cortex support recollection of people and places
Authors: Silson Edward H , Steel Adam , Kidder Alexis , Gilmore Adrian W , Baker Chris I
Published: July 2019

Human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes including memory recall, visual scene processing and navigation, and is a core component of the default mode network. Here, we demonstrate distinct subdivisions of MPC that are selectively recruited during memory recall of either specific people or places. First, distinct regions of MPC exhibited differential functional connectivity with medial and lateral regions of ventral temporal cortex (VTC). Second, these same medial regions showed selective, but negative, responses to the visual presentation of different stimulus categories, with clear preferences for scenes and faces. Finally, and most critically, these regions were differentially recruited during memory recall of either people or places with a strong familiarity advantage. Taken together, these data suggest that the organizing principle defining the medial-lateral axis of VTC is reflected in MPC, but in the context of memory recall.
Empathy in Medicine Osteopathic and Allopathic Physician Interpersonal Manner, Empathy, and Communication Style and Clinical Status of Their Patients: A Pain Registry–Based Study
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Schmitt Monika E. , Aryal Subhash
Published: July 2019

Context

Comparisons of osteopathic physicians (ie, DOs) and allopathic physicians (ie, MDs) on interpersonal manner, including empathy and communication style, have been limited by such methodologic issues as self-assessment and a focus on medical students rather than practicing physicians.

Objective

To compare perceptions of the interpersonal manner, empathy, and communication style of DOs and MDs and corresponding clinical measures reported by their patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of adults with subacute or chronic low back pain was conducted within the PRECISION Pain Research Registry from April 2016 through December 2018. A total of 313 patients having their physician for 1 year or longer reported sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids for low back pain. Using validated research instruments, they also reported perceptions of their physician's interpersonal manner, empathy, and communication style and clinical measures of pain catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy, low back pain intensity, back-related disability, and deficits in quality of life relating to sleep disturbance, pain interference with activities, anxiety, depression, and low energy/fatigue.

Results

Patients treated by DOs were less likely to be using NSAIDs (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.997) or opioids (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32-0.998) than patients treated by MDs. Patients treated by DOs reported lesser pain catastrophizing (mean, 12.5; 95% CI, 10.1-15.0 for DOs vs 18.1; 95% CI, 16.3-19.9 for MDs; P<.001) and greater pain self-efficacy (mean, 39.5; 95% CI, 36.3-42.8 for DOs vs 35.3; 95% CI, 33.4-37.3 for MDs; P=.03). Correspondingly, patients treated by DOs reported lesser back-related disability (mean, 11.2; 95% CI, 9.9-12.5 for DOs vs 13.5; 95% CI, 12.8-14.3 for MDs; P=.002) and a trend toward lesser deficits in quality of life. Patients reported more favorable perceptions of DOs on interpersonal manner (mean, 4.3; 95% CI, 4.2-4.5 for DOs vs 4.0; 95% CI, 3.9-4.2 for MDs; P=.01) and empathy (mean, 41.2; 95% CI, 39.1-43.3 for DOs vs 38.0; 95% CI, 36.5-39.5 for MDs; P=.02).

Conclusion

The mechanisms underlying lesser use of NSAIDs and opioids, superior clinical status measures, and more favorable perceptions of physician interpersonal manner and empathy reported by patients treated by DOs warrant further investigation.
Trajectories of change after a health-education program in Japan: decay of impact in anxiety, depression, and patient-physician communication
Authors: Park Min Jeong , Green Joseph , Jung Hun Sik , Park Yoon Soo
Published: July 2019

Background

Health education can benefit people with chronic diseases. However, in previous research those benefits were small, and reinforcement to maintain them was not effective. A possible explanation is that the benefitsappearedto be small and reinforcementappearedto be ineffective because those analyses mixed data from two latent groups: one group of people who needed reinforcement and one group of people who did not. The hypothesis is that mixing the data from those two different groups caused the true effects to be “diluted.”

Methods

To test that hypothesis we used data from the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program in Japan, focusing on anxiety, depression, and patient-physician communication. To identify latent trajectories of change after the program, we used growth-mixture modeling. Then, to find out which baseline factors were associated with trajectory-group membership, we used logistic regression.

Results

Growth-mixture modeling revealed two trajectories—two groups that were defined by distinct patterns of change after the program. One of those patterns was improvement followed by backsliding: decay of impact. On anxiety and depression the decay of impact was large enough to be clinically important, and its prevalence was as high as 50%. Next, logistic regression analysis revealed that being in the decay-of-impact group could be predicted from multimorbidity, low self-efficacy, and high scores on anxiety or depression at baseline. In addition, one unexpected finding was an association between multimorbidity andbetterpatient-physician communication.

Conclusions

These results support the hypothesis that previous findings (i.e.,apparentlysmall effect sizes andapparentlyineffective reinforcement) actually reflect “dilution” of large effects, which was caused by mixing of data from distinct groups. Specifically, there was one group with decay of impact and one without. Thus, evaluations of health education should include analyses of trajectory-defined groups. These results show how the group of people who are most likely to need reinforcement can be identified even before the educational program begins. Extra attention and reinforcement can then be tailored. They can be focused specifically to benefit the people with the greatest need.
Diversity, ecology and distribution of benthic diatoms in thermo-mineral springs in Auvergne (France) and Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Lai Giuseppina G. , Beauger Aude , Wetzel Carlos E. , Padedda Bachisio M. , Voldoire Olivier , Lugliè Antonella , Allain Elisabeth , Ector Luc
Published: July 2019

This study investigated and compared the diatom flora from thermo-mineral springs in Auvergne (France) and Sardinia (Italy). Samples were collected from rock/cobbles and fine sediments in 16 springs between January 2015 and March 2017. A total of 207 taxa (59 genera) were found. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in species composition and abundance among diatom assemblages both within each geographic region and between Auvergne and Sardinia (global R = 0.516; p = 0.002), suggesting the importance of local and climatic factors in species distribution. Based on abundance and common occurrence in multiple sites, some taxa can be considered more representative of springs in each region: Crenotia thermalis for Auvergne and Lemnicola exigua, Nitzschia amphibia, N. inconspicua and Rhopalodia operculata for Sardinia. pH, conductivity and HCO3− were the most significant environmental variables for diatom assemblages. Our results highlight the high heterogeneity of these spring systems. Future taxonomic insights can be useful to define the identity of some abundant and dominant taxa not identified at the species level in this study. Their identification is a crucial step for a more precise ecological characterization and comparison of these peculiar spring systems.
Differential gene expression in skeletal organic matrix proteins of scleractinian corals associated with mixed aragonite/calcite skeletons under low mMg/Ca conditions
Authors: Yuyama Ikuko , Higuchi Tomihiko
Published: July 2019

Although coral skeletons generally comprise aragonite crystals, changes in the molar Mg/Ca ratio (mMg/Ca) in seawater result in the incorporation of calcite crystals. The formation mechanism of aragonite and calcite crystals in the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis was therefore investigated by RNA-seq analysis, using early growth stage calcite (mMg/Ca = 0.5) and aragonite (mMg/Ca = 5.2)-based corals. As a result, 1,287 genes were up-regulated and 748 down-regulated in calcite-based corals. In particular, sixty-eight skeletogenesis-related genes, such as ectin, galaxin, and skeletal aspartic acid-rich protein, were detected as up-regulated, and six genes, such as uncharacterized skeletal organic matrix protein 5, down-regulated, in low-Mg/Ca conditions. Since the number of down-regulated genes associated with the skeletal organic matrix of aragonite skeletons was much lower than that of up-regulated genes, it is thought that corals actively initiate construction of an aragonite skeleton by the skeletal organic matrix in low-Mg/Ca conditions. In addition, different types of skeletal organic matrix proteins, extracellular matrix proteins and calcium ion binding proteins appeared to change their expression in both calcite-formed and normal corals, suggesting that the composition of these proteins could be a key factor in the selective formation of aragonite or calcite CaCO3.
The aridity index governs the variation of vegetation characteristics in alpine grassland, Northern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Biying , Sun Jian , Liu Miao , Zeng Tao , Zhu Juntao
Published: July 2019

The vegetation dynamic (e.g., community productivity) is an important index used to evaluate the ecosystem function of grassland ecosystem. However, the critical factors that affect vegetation biomass are disputed continuously, and most of the debates focus on mean annual precipitation (MAP) or temperature (MAT). This article integrated these two factors, used the aridity index (AI) to describe the dynamics of MAP and MAT, and tested the hypothesis that vegetation traits are influenced primarily by the AI. We sampled 275 plots at 55 sites (five plots at each site, including alpine steppe and meadow) across an alpine grassland of the northern Tibet Plateau, used correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) to explore which key factors determine the biomass dynamic, and explained the mechanism by which they affect the vegetation biomass in different vegetation types via structural equation modelling (SEM). The results supported our hypothesis, in all of the environmental factors collected, the AI made the greatest contribution to biomass variations in RDA , and the correlation between the AI and biomass was the largest (R = 0.85, p < 0.05). The final SEM also validated our hypothesis that the AI explained 79.3% and 84.4% of the biomass variations in the alpine steppe and the meadow, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the soils with higher carbon to nitrogen ratio and soil total nitrogen had larger biomass, whereas soil organic carbon had a negative effect on biomass in alpine steppe; however, opposite effects of soil factors on biomass were observed in an alpine meadow. The findings demonstrated that the AI was the most critical factor affecting biomass in the alpine grasslands, and different reaction mechanisms of biomass response to the AI existed in the alpine steppe and alpine meadow.