bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speaking to the Eye: The wild boar from San Rossore
Authors: Thorsen Liv Emma
Published: August 2018

The article discusses a taxidermy work of a wild boar fighting two dogs. The tableau was made in 1824 by the Italian scientist Paolo Savi, director of the Natural History Museum in Pisa from 1823-1840. The point of departure is the sense of awe this brilliantly produced tableau evokes in the spectator. If an object could talk, what does the wild boar communicate? Stuffed animals are objects that operate in natural history exhibitions as well in several other contexts. They resist a standard classification, belonging to neither nature nor culture. The wild boar in question illustrates this ambiguity. To decode the tale of the boar, it is established as a centre in a network that connects Savi’s scientific and personal knowledge, the wild boar as a noble trophy, the development of the wild boar hunt in Tuscany, perceptions of the boar and the connection between science and art.
The Rhetorical Challenge of the Everyday Object: ‘Þjóð verða til’ at the National Museum of Iceland
Authors: Ward Elisabeth Ida
Published: August 2018

A museum exhibition communicates meaning at various levels, some more obvious than others. The author of this article spent several weeks at the new permanent exhibition of the National Museum of Iceland, exploring it as a visitor would, and offers a reading of the various meanings that the exhibition conveys, both verbally and non-verbally. Of special interest is the use of everyday objects to convey important themes for the nationalistic agenda of the exhibition.
Spøkelser fra fortiden, ønsker for fremtiden – en refleksjon over seminaret Healing Postcolonial Traumas of Nordic Indigenous Woman
Authors: Stien Hanne Hammer
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the Healing Postcolonial Traumas of Nordic Indigenous Woman seminar. As an extension to this discussion, it reflects on the role of the museum after colonialism.
From papyrus to megabytes: conservation management of archival and photograph collections
Authors: Kecskemèti István
Published: August 2018

Conservation and conservation management is a dynamic process. It includes many disciplines that involve keeping the collection accessible for the future. Conservation management includes dedicated disciplines such as applied conservation and natural science, analysis, building and storage management, reformatting, politics and exhibition. Networking can be seen as an important tool as a conservation manager needs to keep up to date on new information dedicated to safeguarding the collection.
Local heroes – memory in action in the late renaissance garden
Authors: Bradburne James M.
Published: August 2018

Hero of Alexandria was a prolific inventor who lived in the 1st century CE and whose writings enjoyed a marked resurgence of popularity in Renaissance Europe. The Greek original of Hero’s most influential text, the Mechanics, was lost early, and was only transmitted to the West in Arabic. The Greek text of his less important – and possibly unfinished – work on Pneumatics, however, found its way to Europe after the fall of Constantinople, where it had been preserved in what Will Noel calls ‘the Ark for ancient literature’. Texts often precede performance, but are equally often the consequence of a tradi- tion of ‘situated’ or maker’s knowledge. This paper looks at the ways in which knowledge became ‘resituated’ in the practice of Renaissance engineers, artists and garden architects through the rediscovery and diffusion of Hero’s Pneumatics. It explores why Hero’s Pneumatics enjoyed such new-found popularity in the 15th and 16th centuries, how Hero’s texts were transmitted and interpreted, and to whom. The paper will argue that this revival in interest was due in part to the near-contemporary recovery of other classical texts, such as those by Archimedes, Vitruvius and Hermes Trismegistus. Finally, the paper will argue that the Renaissance memory of Hero’s Pneumatics is best understood through built works rather than texts, and that these works played an important cultural and ideological role in the revival of neo-Platonism and neo-Pythagorean thought in post-Reformation Europe, losing their potency only with the end of the Thirty Years War.
Mobilitet og det multikulturelle byrom: Hva skjer med stedsmyten, grenser og forskjellighet? Eksempler fra Kristiansand, Norge
Authors: Hidle Knut
Published: August 2018

This article raises the question of what happens on a conceptual level when migrants arrive in a new place. The article shows how processes connected to the establishing of borders and boundaries and the transgressive are competing, intersecting processes within the same multicultural urban space. In the analysis, the concept of place myth is used in the sense of prototypical geographical conceptualizations of what place is. The way that the concept of place myth treats diversity and mobility is analysed, as is the way in which migrants handle a place myth that sees mobility and migrants primarily as new phenomena not yet part of the myth. The article shows that metaphorical concepts such as region and flow are valid, and sees the two processes connected to borders and mobility locally, in conjunction with global and national trends. The article concludes with examining how the place myth, mobility and the cosmopolitical dimension can function as elements in local adaptation strategies among migrants.
Beyond mere information provisioning: a handheld museum guide based on social activities and playful learning
Authors: Schroyen Jolien , Gabriëls Kris , Teunkens Daniël , Robert Karel , Luyten Kris , Coninx Karin , Manshoven Elke
Published: August 2018

During a museum visit, social interaction can improve intellectual, social, personal and cultural development. With the advances in technology, the use of personal mobile handheld devices – such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) – that replace the traditional paper guidebooks is becoming a common sight at various heritage sites all over the world. This technology often leads to problems such as isolating visitors from their companions and distracting visitors away from their surroundings. We believe careful design of mobile applications and taking advantage of low-cost networking infrastructure can avoid such isolation of the visitor from his or her surroundings and encourage interaction with both surroundings and companions. In this paper, we describe our approach to create a mobile handheld guide that supports the learning process by exploiting social interaction between visitors and subtly matching the content and concepts shown on the hand- held guide with what can be found in the museum.
Et selvransakende nordnorsk museumsseminar ble avholdt i Tromsø i oktober 2006
Authors: Valen Gerd Johanne
Published: August 2018

What are the museums doing? Do people really learn from museum collections or are the inherent restrictions so stringent that these collections are by nature unable to impart new knowledge and understanding? A reform of the Norwegian museum world has taken place in recent years – what methods can we now use to make our exhibitions more interesting? The many small museums in northern Norway have tried to put on new exhibitions in order to support learning, debate and experience. But why don’t we try to evaluate the methods used thus far and to analyse both our audience’s understanding of new exhibitions and how they react to these? That might point our museums in new directions, so that they became more self-critical in future.
Skinn- og pelsberedning i reinsdyrkulturer
Authors: Klokkerness Torunn
Published: August 2018

– en sammenlignende studie av samiske og evenkiske metoder. Konserveringsvitenskapelige perspektiver på nedbrytning og bevaring av museumssamlinger av skinn og pels.
De gode gamle dage genoplivet: Frilandsmuseerne og spillet om fortiden
Authors: Daugbjerg Mads
Published: August 2018

Levendegørelse af fortiden er et mantra for formidlingen på en række frilandsmuseer og kulturhistoriske attraktioner, som søger at gøre op med museumsverdenens støvede image. Artiklen her sætter fokus på levendegørelsens praksis: på en række konkrete, strukturelle og kommunikative vanskeligheder og dilemmaer, som mødet mellem gæster og 'levende' aktører er underlagt, og som i nogen grad synes uerkendte på museerne. Analysen trækker på materiale fra et antropologisk feltarbejde blandt turister og gadepersonale på det populære danske købstadsmuseum Den Gamle By.
'Social inclusion' – en praksis-model for danske kunstmuseer?
Authors: Laigaard Lene
Published: August 2018

I de senere år er der blevet produceret en lang række museologiske publikationer i de vestlige engelsksprogede lande, som i stadig stigende grad interesserer sig for "det åbne museum". Inden for museologisk fagterminologi tales der således i flæng om 'social inclusion', 'outreach' og 'accessibility', som anses for at være koncepter, der ved implementering muliggør et mere åbent og demokratisk museum. Nærværende artikel fokuserer på den seneste udvikling i Storbritannien inden for 'social inclusion', og begrebets relevans i forhold til udviklings- og forandringsperspektiver for danske kunstmuseer vil blive diskuteret.
Danse macabre i musernas hus – om museernas roll och villkor idag
Authors: Smeds Kerstin
Published: August 2018

Danse macabre on the museum scene – notes on the decline and fall of the museum idea The museum idea in Europe is closely linked to the concept of the nation state. Now that this concept is losing its dominant role, the role of the museum and its public funding is also being questioned. The crisis in societal credibility is foreshadowed by the real or imminent bankruptcy of museums (specific Danish and Swedish instances are quoted in the text). The battle to regain public confidence and approval is well under way. The scene is set for the danse macabre. Different methods are being chosen. Many museums cling to their traditional functions of preservation and education – and their pedagogical work is most easily accepted, encouraged and subsidized when the space for history teaching in compulsory school is continuously shrinking. Others concentrate on acquiring sponsoring from trade and industry and of course seek support from various foundations. A regrouping of Swedish national collections was suggested as early as 1920 by Gregor Paulsson to better adapt the museum institution to the needs of contemporary society – into a quality museum (for the general public), a study museum (for researchers) and a museum of the present (to serve the need of future orientation). This was a proposal that pointed the way forward and is still relevant.The crisis in the museums is principally political and financial resulting in an institutional lack of resoluteness and uncertainty about purpose and societal legitimacy. To survive it will be necessary to acknowledge the end of the national saga and the reality of cybernations and the Dream World, Museums could find their raison d’être serving as dynamic houses of culture, as Kenneth Hudson suggested in the 1980s. The institutions should accept the museum as medium and think of themselves as process-oriented entities whose job it is to support and inspire their communities and visitors/users. They should obviously adapt to the virtual reality produced in a dynamic digital process where the content is similar to an open oral tradition. The museum should be the cultural storyteller and commentator in its community and tradi- tional museum education should be given up in favour of these new roles. According to Kenneth Hudson the museum should become a club, or perhaps – as Bernard Déloche suggests – a café philosophique. Another possible way forward is such cooperation as that pro- moted in the ABM project where archive, library and museum are amalgamated into a historical workshop. For the e-topia imagined by William Mitchell the paper concludes with conceiving a museum of the future consisting of a physical building supplemented and expanded to a virtual museum.
Museum Work as Part of the Present – the Past is the Present, the Present is the Past
Authors: Liimatainen Kirsi
Published: August 2018

Lilja and Olavi Sallinen set up the Mobilia Foundation in 1986 to support the operation of the commercially run Vehoniemi Car Museum and the Finnish Museum of Historical Military and Special Vehicles. In 1991, the financing of the Mobilia Foundation was transferred to public organizations when the Finnish Vehicle Administration, Kangasala municipality, the Ministry of Defence, and the Finnish Road Administration (Finnra) joined the foundation and agreed to fund a road traffic museum with a wider scope of operation. At this juncture, the Road Traffic Museum became one of the foundation’s museums, joining the two earlier museums.
Klassikern: To Meet the Needs of Today’s Audience
Authors: Kinard John
Published: August 2018

If museums are to meet the needs of the man of today and tomorrow, they must involve themselves in every area of human existence. This is a responsibility that challenges their most creative resources. Instead they stand accused on three points: failing to respond to the needs of the majority of people;failing to relate the knowledge of the past to the grave issues confronting us today or to participate in meeting those issues; andfailing to overcome not only their blatant disregard of minority cultures but their outright racism, which is all too apparent in what they collect, study and exhibit and in whom they employ.
Exhibitions! The nature of exhibitions, What are they and could they be better? The Swedish travelling exhibitions experience
Authors: Smeds Kerstin
Published: August 2018

Utställningar som begrepp och högst levande verklighet dissekeras i en licentiatavhandling av Jan Hjorth, som gjort en lång yrkeskärriär inom Riksutställningar. Det drygt hundrasidiga arbetet lades fram i Göteborg i oktober 2003. Att, som författaren säger, påstå att arbetet är gjort i den ”hermeneutiska traditionen” är kanske att ta i, då med detta avses endast att han varken ”väger och mäter” saker och ting, utan främst delar med sig av sina egna erfarenheter i branschen. Hjorth har fyra frågeställningar. Den första handlar om begreppet utställning, vad är det? råder det någon konsensus kring begreppet? Svaret blir egentligen nej, det finns oändligt många definitioner på begreppet ”utställning”. Samtidigt bryter författaren ner olika slags utställningar i sina enkla beståndsdelar, vad består de av? hur produceras de? vad är viktigt i denna process? Här presenteras en uppsättning ”case studies”, samt omdömen som producenter, skribenter och andra fällt om olika moment och komponenter i utställningsprocesser.
Multiple erfaringer i multiple settinger – MEMUS, et teoretisk rammeverk for museumsformidling
Authors: Frøyland Merethe
Published: August 2018

Museum pedagogics and the theory of multiple intelligences, The paper proposes a theoretical framework for how museums might contribute to improving the public understanding of science. The theory suggests that multiple experiences, based on the concept of multiple intelligences in multiple settings (MEMUS), increase the possibility of achieving understanding in a variety of areas. MEMUS includes two perspectives on learning: first that learning is an individual process and second that learning is a process over time. These two perspectives should affect the way museums organise their exhibitions, educational programmes etc, and the topics they choose to present to their visitors. Examples, based on recent international museum studies, are given of how museums can provide their vistitors with multiple experiences.
Den fænomenologiske metode i museologisk forskning
Authors: Funch Bjarne Sode
Published: August 2018

The Phenomenological Method in Museological Research The phenomenological method is closely associated with the study of human consciousness. In museum studies the phenomenological approach is essential for gaining an understanding of why museum collections are established and how they may influence the museum audience. This article introduces the structure of human consciousness and the principles of the phenomenological method. The various stages of the phenomenological approach are put forward starting from an experiment carried out at the Art Museum in Esbjerg concerning how people are influenced by different kinds of introduction to art. Introspection and retrospection are first laid out as phenomenological strategies for observing what is going on within consciousness. Some of the major difficulties in studying the living stream of consciousness or an experience as it is later recalled in consciousness, are discussed. The following interview is defined as an explorative approach to a specific phenomenon. It is presented as a dialogue meant to inspire a person to describe the experience he or she has had and to make it possible for the researcher to grasp this experience through empathy. The aim of the final phenomenological description is to define the basic characteristics of the phenomenon in question. Epoché or phenomenological reduction is used in this context as a strategy for describing the phenomenon as it appears in consciousness, and the eidetic variation as a strategy for identifying the fundamental characteristics of the same phenomenon. Finally, the phenomenological description provides a basis for evaluating the influence of a specific phenomenon on human existence.
The conceptualization of time and space in the memory theatre of Giulio Camillo (1480?–1544)
Authors: Aurasmaa Anne
Published: August 2018

In the 17th century collections became ideally more or less the presence of all things material. Interest leaned towards the mundane and the common and collecting became a gathering of everything. This trend can already be seen to some extent in the natural history collections of the 16th century. As a counterbalance to this I would like to put forward in this paper the idea that the 16th century collections pictured the whole universe as a construction combining time and space. It was not the intention just to fill rooms with collected material examples but to present the phenomena by showing their boundaries and to help the spectator to understand the building blocks of the universal hierarchy. The theatrum mundi – or curiosity cabinet, as 16th century collections are more commonly referred to – was conceived as a presence of all that existed in one place. Instead of collecting everything, and claiming that such a collection would represent the world as it is (or as it can be perceived by the senses), rhetorical themes, abstract ideas and universal structures were visualized by means of displaying the strangest objects from the most faraway places. The function of such displays was to bridge the gap between the universal logos2 and the human logos. Logos meaning reason and structure is the opposite of myth and personal sensory experience and as such includes thinking, speech, relations and regularities. The concept can be used both in reference to universal order and to the faculties of the human mind.
Arv och nation: Nationalromantik i ett naturhistoriskt museum
Authors: Hedqvist Eric
Published: August 2018

National romanticism in a natural history museum of 1923 In Göteborg on the West coast of Sweden a large zoological exhibition belonging to a natural history museum set up in 1923 has been kept well preserved right up to the present day. Only modest changes have been made during the 80 years since the inauguration of the museum. The architectural style of the building is that of national romanticism dating from the years before the First World War. The decision to build the museum was taken before the war. The exhibition is organised according a systemisation of the animal kingdom used by the German zoologist Carl Gegenbaur (1826– 1903). It is however largely constructed in the spirit of Carolus Linnæus (1707–1778), whose scientific ethic was manifested in his magnum opus Systema naturae: ”Nomina enim si pereunt, perit & cognitio rerum.” The keeper of the museum Leonard Jägerskiöld (1867– 1945) had already declared in 1903 that a modern zoological museum had to show in its exhibitions results from the most recent research. Why this programme was never realized is a question which might be related to the mental climate in Sweden, and Göteborg in particular, during the period before the war. The leading professors of the College of Göteborg together with the dominant group among the clergy were afraid that modern science might pose a threat to the values of Christian belief and idealistic philosophy. In books and oratory they agitated, sometimes vehemently, against modern science and its alleged materialism. In this intellectual environment an exhibition of modern, Darwinian biology, would necessarily have been regarded as a provocation. In contrast an exhibition which in different ways was reminiscent of Linnaeus was well suited to the demands of this period permeated as it was with nationalism.
Håndskriftenes hjemkomst – vitenskapelig og ideologisk belysning
Authors: Ólason Vésteinn
Published: August 2018

Forutsetningen for håndskriftsaken er håndskriftene og den litteratur som de inneholder. Jeg synes det er nødvendig å konstatere at den islandske middelalderlitteraturen var rik og variert, og at det var en stor bokproduksjon her i landet i middelalderen, spesielt på 1300-tallet. Man begynte å skrive på morsmålet omkring 1100, men fra 1100-tallet har vi bevart bare noen få håndskriftfragmenter. Den mest originale del av litteraturen ble nok skrevet på 1200-tallet, og fra det århundre, spesielt den andre halvdelen, har vi noen fine håndskrifter og mange fragmenter. Men de mest kjente og mest omfangsrike genrene, kongesagaer og islendingesagaer, er med meget få unntak overlevert i avskrifter fra 1300-tallet eller senere. I dette århundre ble det også produsert viktig ny litteratur, og de fleste av våre fineste membraner er fra den tiden. 1400-tallet var på mange måter en forfallsperiode her i landet som i det øvrige Norden, og såvel litterær nyskaping som bokproduksjon minsket i omfang og kvalitet.
’Mathematical mosaic’
Authors: Balmond Cecil
Published: August 2018

The Spiral challenges the concept of a museum: does space have to be container-like and neutered to house work of art? When there is much invention and fantasy in porcelain or jewellery or the lines of a fashion garment, should the space around the exhibits be inanimate; is not the real invention to present art, not as lost object in a static box container, but as vital trigger in a spatial dynamic?
Modernising the cultural landscape
Authors: Sörlin Sverker , Nordlund Christer
Published: August 2018

In the end, landscape turned out to be a concept almost entirely devoid of content. At worst a bad painting, at best a settled area, a stretch of native soil, in which the co-operative farmers’ movement could mobilise support, or which it could protect, using arguments drawn from the cultural history of land cultivation. And then, gradually, but also instantaneously, the term passed through a developing tank, and out came a landscape that both unified and signified. At the end of the twentieth century the notion of landscape checked the divides that had deepened between tradition and modernity, among scientific specialities and among spatial practices. But it did so without the anti-modernism that in earlier periods had restrained the passion for landscape.
Ingen lek, men arbeid og slit! Industrielt barnearbeid på Raufoss 1875–1895
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage
Published: August 2018

”Barneåra husker jeg som arbeid og slit, men ingen lek”. Slik mintes Karoline Løkken (f. 1879) sin oppvekst på Raufoss i 1880 åra. På Raufoss var ”Rødfos Tændstikfabrik” blitt satt i drift i 1875 med 53 faste arbeidere og 50 barn sittende hjemme å lime fyrstikkesker.
The Deceased as an Issue of Museum Ethics: Finnish Examples
Authors: Vilkuna Janne
Published: August 2018

In Finland, museums differ from the archives maintained by authorities and from free copy libraries which preserve all material printed. In the case of museums, the only types of material automatically preserved are prehistoric objects and animals protected by law that have been found dead. Regarding all the other material to be preserved, the museum is forced to make choices: either keep it or dispose of it. This selective process is closely bound up with the exercise of power and raises numerous ethical questions which need to be considered, as a whole, in museum work and environmental protection. A key aspect for museums operating according to the community and environment centred principles of the so-called new museology, is awareness of ethical issues.
Dette er ikke en kanon. Om kanonisering og dens effekt på samtidskunsten
Authors: Sanderhoff Merete
Published: August 2018

How does canonization affect contemporary art and the definition of cultural heritage? This subject is right now topical in Denmark, where the Ministry of Culture recently issued a much debated canon of Danish culture. This article looks behind the concept of canonization and examines the structures that determine why some artists and art works are canonized, while others are disregarded. The focus of the article is a marginalized group of contemporary Danish artists, named passionists, who have deliberately chosen to oppose the prevailing standards of art production. These standards are based on the tradition of the avantgarde, which itself forms a canon within art historiography today.
Fortidens magt, fortidens muligheter
Authors: Markussen Turid
Published: August 2018

Progressive past? An anthropological approach to a local history museum in Shetland.Based on the example of the Tangwick Haa Museum in Shetland, I argue in this article for the importance of studying museums and their exhibitions as dynamic phenomena that form part of wider contexts and processes. The analysis questions widespread assumptions concerning the construction of history and identity in museums. Rather than «enlisting the past to combat the present», it is argued that the museum represents an appropriation of a modern way of relating to the past that answers to the felt modern need to «have a history», while exempting people from actually living as in the past. Reference is made to Sharon Macdonald's work on the Gaelic renaissance, which she interprets as re-imagenings of the past. That is, she sees it not as a return to the past but rat- her as ongoing negotiations between past and present that, while being constrained, also allow for creativity.Macdonald points particularly to the importance of ambivalence in these processes. A main concern in the article is with ambivalence relating to power in particular, and I adopt the concept of «contact zone», applied by James Clifford to museums, in order to stress ambivalence and inequality in the power relations surrounding the museum. This applies to the ambivalent roles of the museum as such, being at the same time a meeting place for answers to modern needs, and for certain conservative impulses, some of them inherent in the institution. As a result a museum that started out as a progressive initiative, may alter its role with time. Also the concept of contact zone applies to the tensions of the variety of possible and actual interpretations of the exhibitions and the felt discomfort sometimes associated with the «touristic gazes» on local culture and history.
Om museer och kyrkor
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Museer liknas vid kyrkor, de har med sin sakralisering av de skönaste och yppersta resultaten av människans formförmaga overtagit kyrkans civiliserande roll i en profan tid. Betraktandet av utvalda ting skulle, var det tankt, ingjuta framstegstankens etos i manniskors sinnen. Men kanske används den har liknelsen inte längre sa ofta - i stallet inverteras den: kyrkornas andliga fostrarroll tonas ned, kyrkornas viktigaste uppgift, hävdas det allt oftare, är som museer för historiska och estetiska värden. Museernas roll har samtidigt förändrats i det moderna samhället. De har utnämnts till bildningsinstitutioner som i likhet med skolan har formandet av ett demokratiskt etos som sin uppgift. Istället för det ovanliga, auratiska och okända, hyllas det vanliga, vardagliga och igenkännliga. Kvaliteter eftersträvade även i samlande och utställande.
The Finnish Museums Association - 75 years working for museums
Authors: Vilkuna Janne
Published: August 2018

The Finnish Museums Association wasfounded in 1923. On the occasion ofits 15th anniverssary last year, Janne Vilkuna recorded its history in «75 vuotta museoiden hyvaksi» published by the Association. For the benefit ofthe readers of Nordisk Museologi Professor Vilkuna here gives a short resume of his book.
Developing audiences, developing learning: audience needs and the nature of learning
Authors: Clarke Peter
Published: August 2018

Museums are by their nature, cultural institutions. Culture can be seen in many ways, as a commodity, as a social construct or as a political tool. We make many assumptions about cultural institutions. We develop cultural norms that shape our behaviour, attitudes and opinions. We read cues from our environment as well as from signs and notices. We develop patterns of behaviour to match cultural, social and personal contexts. We adopt multiple behaviours to conform to the many communities we inhabit. As museum professionals we tend to become blind to the semiotics of our institutions - we loose sight of the underlying concepts we hold of essential functions such as communication, education and audience and loose our ability to modify the behaviour that these concepts generate. If we are to understand how we create 'cultural experience' we need to develop a better understanding of how what we say is derived from these undelying concepts.
Samtid og museer i Norge
Authors: Gynnild Svein
Published: August 2018

Samarbeidet mellom en gruppe museer og Sekretariatet for samtidsdokumentasjon har kommet over i en ny fase. Våren 2000 går ni museer i gang med mindre prosjekter som alle tar opp interessante sider ved norsk samfunns- og kulturliv i dag.
Fra elektroniske kataloger til informasjonssystem. Utviklingen i bruk av informasjonsteknologi ved norske museer
Authors: Østby Jon Birger
Published: August 2018

About the use ofcomputer technology in Norwegian museums In this article the author gives a short survey of the development of information technology in Norwegian museums from the beginning of the 1970s, and goes on to indicate the main challenges in this field today.
Adolf Etholén and Ernest Erickson
Authors: Aurasmaa Anne
Published: August 2018

In Finland cultural studies, like sociology and anthropology, has played an important part nationally and even internationally in the studies of non-material forms of cultures of foreign nations. On the other hand, the study of material cultures has been neglected for the most part. This situation is only natural, as the links between collections, museums and universities, necessary for the education of material culture researchers, are only now being forged after a hiatus of manyyears. This separation was the result of various events, beginning with the cessation of Russian funding after Finland became independent in 1917 and becoming more serious with the rejection of material cultures in the 1960s linked with the rise of social anthropology. Fashions in research come and go, and today there are other ways of doing anthropological research besides fieldwork in some contemporary community or culture. The historical formation of cultures and the vast amount of documentation already available can once again be considered interesting.
Nordisk museumsvitenskapelig forskernettverk under etablering
Authors: Gjestrum Jan Aage
Published: August 2018

Pa den workshop om museumsvetenskapelig forskning som ble avholdt i Stockholm 25-26. januar 1997 ble de 17 deltakerne fra de fem nordiske land enige om a støtte opprettelsen av et nordisk museumsvitenskapelig forskernettverk.
Rätten til en alldeles egen ram
Authors: Åhlvik Clara
Published: August 2018

The right to a frame of one's own After completing an exhibition about a match-producing factory in Jönköping and the working conditions there at the turn of the century the author reflects on the decisions an producer of exhibitions must rake about what objects to select, what facts and circumstances to highlight.
Klassikeren: Farlige museer? Fra "En kulturpolitisk redegørelse", betænkning nr. 517
Authors: Strandgaard Ole
Published: August 2018

Det er sjældent, at ministerielle redegørelser bliver til klassikere. Men det skete med den danske «En Kulturpolitisk redegørelse», betænkning nr. 517, der kom i 1969, da K. Helveg Petersen var kulturminister.
The logic of the collection
Authors: Groys Boris
Published: August 2018

In our culture 'serious', 'autonomous', art is produced primarily to be collected. Unlike in the past, it is no longer conceived as an element of a temple, a church, a palace or a functional public space. It is even possible to argue that the modern notion of 'art' is a result of the emerging of the modern museum in the 18th century. The historical museum didn't collect art but rather produced it through displaying the very heterogeneous objects which were used in many different sacred, political ritual, decorative etc - ways in their original cultural contexts inside the unified and secularized space of the aesthetic presentation in the museum.
Museologi och kulturarv
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Museums and Cultural Heritage The literal and original meaning of the term museology - science of museums - was connected with the practices of the big museums in the continent of Europe. The term was used to cover the different methods applied in museum work. In recent years the concept has been expanded as a result of the continuos debate going on within ICOM (The International Council of Museums).
Dead or alive – Some questions about objects and people
Authors: MacDonald Sally
Published: August 2018

This paper is about a few objects in two museums I know. One - my last place of work - was what might be called a social history or community history museum in Croydon just outside London. The other - where I have worked for the last six months - is a museum of Egyptian archaeology in a university in central London. In most parts of Britain, archaeology and social history (in the museum context at any rate) are distinct disciplines with their own specialist groups, networks and methods. I am still trying to come to terms with very different types of objects, terminologies and ways of thinking and to work out whether there are approaches I can bring from one environment to the other. I find it challenging to juxtapose objects from the two museums- some of them separated by nearly 5 000 years - and to think about the questions and issues they raise for me now.
Tekst og billede i etnografisk formidling
Authors: Fentz Mytte
Published: August 2018

Word and Picture in Ethnographic Interpretation In Moesgård museum, Denmark, there is an exhibition, Mountain People in Hindukush, based on field-work in the 1940s and 50s. In 1994 it was supplemented with a «photo-essay» describing the actual situation in the same community. The paper discusses the difficulties in all attempts to come close to another culture and in what way the different media of word and picture may contribute to a holistic understanding of life in a foreign society. The static exhibition with all the necessary selective operations must take into consideration both the «voices» in the culture described and the frames of understanding available to the visiting public. Oversimplifications are always a threat.
“Ghosts in the background” and “The price of the war”. Representations of the Lapland War in Finnish museums
Authors: Thomas Suzie , Koskinen-Koivisto Eerika
Published: August 2018

Museums decide which events and perspectives to privilege over others in their exhibitions. In the context of “difficult” or “dark” histories – in which the subject matter might be painful, controversial or in some other way challenging for one or more community or interest groups to reconcile with – some events may be marginalized or ignored. This may also happen due to official narratives diverting attention to other events that have come to be seen as more “important” or worthy of discussion. We explore the ways that information about the Lapland War (1944–1945) is incorporated into permanent exhibitions at five Finnish museums: the Provincial Museum of Lapland; Siida – the National Museum of the Finnish Sámi; the Gold Prospector Museum; the Military Museum of Finland; and the Finnish Airforce Museum. Despite the significant social and environmental upheavals brought about by the brief but destructive conflict, it seems surprisingly rarely addressed.
Deaccessioning and collections development in Finnish museums
Authors: Sarantola-Weiss Minna , Västi Emilia
Published: August 2018

In 2014–16, six Finnish museums carried out a project to investigate how deaccessioning is practised in Finnish museums and how the related process could be developed. The Finnish Museums Association published two reports in Finnish on the results of the project, Kokoelmapoistojen hyvät käytännöt (2015) and Kokoelmapoistojen yhteiset käytännöt (2016), and Deaccessioning: Sharing Experiences from Finland in English in 2016. The reports discuss issues of deaccessioning and present a proposed procedure that museums can apply when considering their own deaccessioning practices. The first-mentioned publication Kokoelmapoistojen hyvät käytännöt, on good deaccessioning practice, also contains a model process. The following text is a presentation of the project and its main results.
Museums, dress and time
Authors: Haugen Bjørn Sverre Hol
Published: August 2018

This article presents work on dress-related time perspectives in a number of museums. First, a couple of Scandinavian museums are scrutinized. Catalogues, research and exhibitions show how the issue of dress is handled along two parallel lines. The understanding of folk connects dress to place, and the understanding of fashion connects dress to temporality. Over the last few years, dress research has challenged this paradigm. The exhibition Power of Fashion at Nordiska Museet exemplifies how new ideas are transferred from research to exhibition. The second part of this article presents some alternative discussions of museums, dress and time, supported by the concept of multiple temporalities. Based on this discussion, the article looks at exhibitions of historic dress in some European and American museums. Finally, the article suggests how inspiration from fashion exhibitions and the concepts of multiple temporalities can be useful when exhibiting historic dress.
Mestring og balanse. Trekk ved ung hindureligiøsitet
Authors: Kleive Hildegunn Valen
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on understandings of the divine and how everyday life experiences motivate for religious practices among young Tamil Hindus in North Western Norway. Their religiosity is discussed in relation to Hindu traditions as well as to contemporary religion. The findings suggest that coping and balancing strategies generate a young Tamil Hindu religiosity with features resembling several traditions. The analysis is based on field notes from observations, questionnaire responses and interviews. The participants are between 16 and 25 years of age.Keywords: Hinduism, Tamil, youth, rural Norway, concept of God, everyday religion Denne artikkelen handler om hvordan unge tamilhinduer på Nordvestlandet i Norge oppfatter det guddommelige og hvordan hverdagslige erfaringer motiverer for religiøs praksis. Deres religiøsitet blir drøftet i lys av hindutradisjoner samt vestlig samtidsreligiøsitet. Mestring og balanse synes å være viktige anliggender for ungdommene, og det genererer en religiøsitet som gjenspeiler trekk fra flere tradisjoner. Analysen er basert på feltnotater fra observasjoner, spørreskjemaresponser og intervjuer. Deltakerne i undersøkelsen er mellom 16 og 25 år.Nøkkelord: Hinduisme, tamil, ungdom, distrikts-Norge, gudsoppfatning, hverdagsreligion
Konfirmasjonen i gamle dager – tvang eller tilpasning? Kirkebøkene forteller
Authors: Dahl Gina
Published: August 2018

Det er rundt 280 år siden konfirmasjonen ble innført i Norge, og helt frem til 1912 var praksisen obligatorisk for alle. I ettertid er det nettopp den tvangsmessige siden av konfirmasjonen som ofte har blitt fremhevet når selve praksisen har blitt vurdert: Utenatpuggingen av et relativt omfattende kristendomspensum, den påfølgende demonstrasjonen av kunnskapene i det offentlige rom og eventuelt den skammen det var å måtte gå om igjen, gjorde sitt til at konfirmasjonstiden ble sett på som vanskelig av mange. Bildet er likevel ikke ensartet. Nedtegnelser i kirkebøker viser at flere prester lempet på kravene når det kom til stykket, deriblant kunnskapskravene. Også forskjellige andre former for tilpasning ble praktisert. Nøkkelord: Konfirmasjon – lærdomskrav – tilpasningAbout 280 years ago, churchly confirmation was introduced in Norway. Until 1912, the practice was obligatory, and historically, much of the research on the theme has very often stressed the quite important amount of theoretical knowledge to be assessed and the very constraints this put on the young adult. However, this image of the confirmation as «a high-threshold» practice is not unison. When looking into eighteenth- and nineteenth century church books, it seems clear that local parsons often adapted their confirmation practices according to the confirmands’ own intellectual capacities.    Keywords: Confirmation – learning requirements – adaptation
«Alle støttar trusopplæringa.» Tverrfagleg samarbeid mellom prestar og undervisningstilsette i utvikling av trusopplæringa
Authors: Austnaberg Hans
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe main goal of the article is to investigate challenges and possibilities in the cooperation among the employed pastors and pedagogues in the congregation and how this contributes to develop the Christian education. The empirical material mainly stems from qualitative interviews in six different congregations, and the theoretical perspectives focus on organisational theory and the implementation of Christian education as a process of change. I have found a willingness to cooperate in the church education. However, the educational people are seen as primarily responsible and there exists role conflicts among them. The pastors, on the other hand, want to play a role in the Christian education but they have challenges in prioritising this among all the other expected tasks. Keywords:Christian education, congregational development, staff cooperation, congregational teacher, pastor, Michael Fullan SamandragMålsetjinga med artikkelen er å utforska utfordringar og moglegheiter i det tverrfaglege samarbeidet mellom tilsette prestar og undervisningsmedarbeidarar og korleis dette bidrar til å utvikla trusopplæringa. Det empiriske materialet er etablert gjennom kvalitative intervju i seks menigheter, og dei teoretiske perspektiva kjem frå organisasjonsteori og implementeringa av trusopplæringa som ein endringsprosess. Det er stor vilje til å delta i trusopplæringa. Likevel er det slik at dei undervisningstilsette blir oppfatta som hovudansvarlege i dette arbeidet, og artikkelen viser at uklare rollar mellom dei kan skapa konflikt. Prestane ønskjer òg å spela ei rolle i trusopplæringa, men dei kjenner på utfordringar i å prioritera dette mellom andre pålagte oppgåver. Nøkkelord:Trusopplæring, menighetsutvikling, stabssamarbeid, trusopplærar, prest, Michael Fullan
Det gode samarbeidet mellom kirken og skolen. Hvordan få det til?
Authors: Refvik Svanhild
Published: August 2018

Artikkelen handler om å etablere et godt samarbeid mellom kirke og skole. Den tematiserer møtepunkter og rutiner, ansvarsfordeling, omfang og erfaringer fra kirke-skolesamarbeid i Frogn Kommune i Akershus
Vår problematiske arv. En refleksjon over kirkens forhold til «de andre»
Authors: Jørgensen Iselin , Hake Hanna Barth
Published: August 2018

Som kirke må vi være oss bevisst på de problematiske sidene ved vår historie, som å fortegne, karikere eller rakke ned på andre religioner når vi definerer oss selv og vår tro. I denne artikkelen gis eksempler på slike negative kontrasteringer, hvordan en kan unngå dem, og en refleksjon over forholdet mellom kritikk og dialog.
UHF RFID Tag Based on Modified Dihedral Corner for Enhanced Read Range and Broadband Operation
Authors: Fijo J. K. , Aju J. K. , Mathew T.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the design and development of a novel UHF RFID tag which exhibits enhanced read range over the entire UHF RFID band of 860-930MHz. This novel UHF RFID tag consists of an antenna based on modified dihedral corner with an embedded double T-match and a Murata LXMS 31ACNA010 chip attached to the terminals of the antenna. Measured read range variations over the azimuth and elevation angular ranges show enhanced read range over wide angular ranges as compared to conventional RFID tags.
Threats to Women’s Health in Prisons and Jails
Authors: Haber Lawrence A. , James Jennifer E. , Williams Brie A.
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint describes types of interpersonal and structural violence experienced by women in carceral settings and opportunities for reform.
Overtreatment of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Limited Longevity in the Active Surveillance Era
Authors: Daskivich Timothy J. , Luu Michael , Heard John , Thomas I-Chun , Leppert John T.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Men with limited life expectancy (LE) have historically been overtreated for prostate cancer despite clear guideline recommendations. With increasing use of active surveillance, it is unclear if overtreatment of men with limited LE has persisted and how overtreatment varies by tumor risk and treatment type.

Objective

To determine if rates of overtreatment of men with limited LE have persisted in the active surveillance era and whether overtreatment varies by tumor risk or treatment type.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included men with clinically localized prostate cancer in the Veterans Affairs health system who received a diagnosis between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

LE was estimated using the validated age-adjusted Prostate Cancer Comorbidity Index (PCCI). Treatment trends among men with limited LE were assessed using a stratified linear and log-linear Poisson regression in aggregate and across PCCI and tumor risk subgroups.

Results

The mean (SD) age for the study population of 243 928 men was 66.8 (8.0) years. A total of 50 045 (20.5%) and 11 366 (4.7%) men had an LE of less than 10 years and LE of less than 5 years based on PCCI scores of 5 or greater and 10 or greater, respectively. Among men with an LE of less than 10 years, the proportion of men treated with definitive treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) for low-risk disease decreased from 37.4% to 14.7% (absolute change, −22.7%; 95% CI, −30.0% to −15.4%) but increased for intermediate-risk disease from 37.6% to 59.8% (22.1%; 95% CI, 14.8%-29.4%) from 2000 to 2019, with increases observed for favorable (32.8%-57.8%) unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (46.1%-65.2%). Among men with an LE of less than 10 years who were receiving definitive therapy, the predominant treatment was radiotherapy (78%). Among men with an LE of less than 10 years, use of radiotherapy increased from 31.3% to 44.9% (13.6%; 95% CI, 8.5%-18.7%) for intermediate-risk disease from 2000 to 2019, with increases observed for favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk disease. Among men with an LE of less than 5 years, the proportion of men treated with definitive treatment for high-risk disease increased from 17.3% to 46.5% (29.3%; 95% CI, 21.9%-36.6%) from 2000 to 2019. Among men with an LE of less than 5 years who were receiving definitive therapy, the predominant treatment was radiotherapy (85%). Among men with an LE of less than 5 years, use of radiotherapy increased from 16.3% to 39.0% (22.6%; 95% CI, 16.5%-28.8%) from 2000 to 2019.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that, in the active surveillance era, overtreatment of men with limited LE and intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer has increased in the VA, mainly with radiotherapy.