bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Offence under Article 305 of the Industrial Property Law and the Limitations of Protection Law for a Trademark (in Particular Due to Tolerance): Comparative Legal Remarks in the Context of the Planned Amendment of the IPL Provisions
Authors: Trzebiatowski Marcin
Published: April 2022

Among the rights that precede rights in the registration of a trademark, Polish law does not take into account the rights to signs acquired as a result of their use in trade. It also does not take into account such rights in regard to excluding the effectiveness of the right from registration due to the tolerance of such rights arising later. Meanwhile, the aforementioned rights are raised not only in cases of infringement of the protection right for a trademark but also in criminal cases concerning a counterfeit trademark (Art. 305 of the Industrial Property Law). In connection with the proposed deregulation of the Industrial Property Law Act, a question arises about the need for a more comprehensive amendment of the relevant provisions. This question also concerns the provisions on criminal liability, namely whether they should not directly – as is the case with the provisions on civil liability – condition the claim for protection of the right to a trademark from its (full) effectiveness in a given case, including in the context of fulfilling the requirement of genuine use of the mark. These questions become all the more justified in the light of the comparison of the above-mentioned legal status with the solutions in this regard in other EU Member States (e.g. in German law) – in terms of the competitive legal position of enterprises using trademarks belonging to them in these countries, respected on the basis of national legislation.
Taste as an Example of a Non-Standard Subject of Protection in Polish Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Ślęzak Piotr
Published: April 2022

In this text, I put forward the thesis that the taste of a dish or food product may be protected under intellectual property law. As is known, intellectual property law protects the creations of human intellect. Culinary, perceived by recipients mainly through the prism of taste, is undoubtedly one of the many areas in which human ingenuity is manifested. Therefore it is not surprising that the protection covers various intangible goods related to the taste of dishes and culinary products, such as quality labels, trademarks, works and legally protected secrets; one can and should ask about the ‘saturation’ of culinary issues with intellectual property. This study is an attempt to indicate the legal institutions applicable to the protection of culinary arts. It is disputed whether taste can be considered an object of copyright protection (in a work). This is due to the difficulty in identifying the elements of creativity in cooking. These elements can be indicated in the taste as being a derivative of the composition of the ingredients of the dish, their proportions and the harmony between them. There is no doubt that taste can be protected under the Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed institutions, and as a sign of secrecy, be it by a cook or an entrepreneur employing a cook. On the other hand, the possibility of registering a taste as a trademark should be rejected.
The Qualification of a Trademark as a Trademark with Reputation: Comments in the Light of the Polish Administrative Courts’ Case Law
Authors: Rutkowska-Sowa Magdalena
Published: April 2022

On 16 June 2021, as a result of a cassation appeal, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) ruled that the reputation of a trademark is not determined by its qualitative aspects. This position should not come as a surprise, two decades after the judgment in the General Motors Corporation v. Yplon SA (Chevy) case. However, the justification of the SAC ruling indicates that in proceedings before the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland and Polish administrative courts, one cannot predict the exact interpretation these authorities will make. This article discusses the jurisprudence of the administrative courts in the field of the concept of trademarks with a reputation; it focuses on the quantitative and qualitative approach and refers to the scope of the binding of Polish courts by the interpretation of the law by the EU courts.
A Possible Exit Strategy from the ‘Halloumi Affair’: How to Solve Problems with CETA Ratification
Authors: Rubino Vito , Tereszkiewicz Filip
Published: April 2022

This article explores the importance of geographical indications within the new trade policy of the European Union, using the example of the CETA and the dispute over Cypriot halloumi cheese. The authors point out that geographical indications occupy an important place within the European Commission’s negotiating strategy primarily because of their significance for the EU economy. In negotiations with third countries, such as Canada, a crucial problem is the different approaches to the protection of typical regional products. Therefore, the Union is trying to transfer its internal solutions to the international level. The detail of regulations, combined with the mixed nature of new trade agreements, makes trade policy vulnerable to blackmail by individual EU Member States. According to the authors, a reasonable solution to this problem – which was highlighted by Cyprus’s veto of the CETA – is to rely on the treaty provisions and the judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU. These indicate the exclusive competence of the EU in this area and impose an obligation on EU Member States to cooperate sincerely.
The Scope of Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Intellectual Property Disputes: Tackling Online Copyright Infringements
Authors: Knapp Magdalena
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse critically the problems stemming from the current model of enforcing protection in cases of online copyright infringements. The Internet allows for the easy dissemination and exploitation of copyrighted works globally. Remote and immediate access to content may result in simultaneous infringement on a worldwide scale. There is a long history of disputes over the enforcement of protection with regard to online copyright infringement, and while new laws and judgments are passed there are still no effective remedies nor consensus regarding a common approach to the problem of the multiplicity of applicable laws and jurisdictions in the event of infringement – a problem that derives mainly from the principle of the territoriality of intellectual property rights. Throughout the years there have been many attempts to solve it, mostly in the form of soft law instruments. None of the recommendations are binding, therefore the obligation to reconcile the right to the protection of copyright with the limits of the jurisdiction falls on national courts. As a consequence, the current legal status quo does not provide sufficient predictability to the outcome of litigation.
The Concept of Abuse of Rights in the Context of the Possibility of Mitigating Lump-Sum Damages Claims in Polish Copyright Law
Authors: Ghazal Nicholas
Published: April 2022

In accordance with Article 79 (1)(3)(b) of the Polish Copyright and Related Rights Act, a right holder whose economic rights have been infringed may request the person who infringed those rights to remedy the loss caused by payment of a sum of money corresponding to twice the amount of the appropriate fee. The wording of the above provision indicates that the amount of the lump-sum compensation is not related to the damage sustained by the copyright holder. The ECJ has held that the regulation in question is in conformity with EU law. It follows from the ECJ’s judgment that Polish law permits reduction of a lump-sum claim in a situation where it exceeds the actual damage so clearly and substantially that such a demand would constitute an abuse of rights prohibited under Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/48. The possibility of mitigating damages is therefore a condition for the compatibility of the lump-sum compensation formula with EU copyright law. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the construction of abuse of rights allows for the reduction of the amount of a lump-sum compensation.
Deformation analysis: the modified GREDOD method
Authors: Batilović Mehmed , Kanović Željko , Sušić Zoran , Marković Marko Z. , Bulatović Vladimir
Published: April 2022

https://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/en/clanek/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2022.01.60-75 In this paper, a modified Generalised Robust Estimation of Deformation from Observation Differences (GREDOD) method is presented, based on the application of genetic algorithm (GA) and generalised particle swarm optimisation (GPSO) algorithm in solving the optimisation problem of this method, which is, in essence, a problem of determining the optimal datum of the displacement vector. The procedure of deformation analysis using this modification of the GREDOD method is demonstrated in the example of the two-dimensional geodetic network presented in numerous research and in which all observations and displacements were simulated. Using both algorithms, GA and GPSO, almost identical results of deformation analysis were obtained, except datum solutions of the displacement vector, which are completely different. These results differ only slightly from the results obtained using the methods of Hannover, Karlsruhe, Delft, Fredericton, München, Caspary, and the classical robust method.
Synthesis, structure and mechanical properties of composite hydrogels for medical use
Authors: Mamytbekov Galymzhan , Beksultanov Zhomart , Bannykh Valentina
Published: April 2022

The mechanism of formation of slightly crosslinked composite hydrogels based on natural agar-agar polysaccharide, synthetic polymers for medical purposes – poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and low-molecular plasticizers (polyethylene glycol PEG-400 and glycerin) synthesized by electron irradiation was considered from the point of view of analyzing their mechanical characteristics under various types of applied efforts. It is established that the synthesis conditions and the component composition of the initial mixture determine the formed structure of the hydrogel compositions and their mechanical properties. A new interpretation of the formation of the structure of composite hydrogels in the presence of various plasticizers is given. A detailed analysis of the deformation curves of composite hydrogels is presented taking into account the elastic-elastic, highly elastic and forced-elastic states.
Crocodiles, pallettari, limeurs and arrotini: The Cultural Charge of the Slang Terms of the Tennis Lexicon in French and Italian Sports Dictionaries
Authors: Emanuele Valerio
Published: April 2022

In this article, we undertake a contrastive analysis of some slang words and expressions of the tennis lexicon in French and Italian. Using the notion of "lexiculture", coined by Robert Galisson, we will adopt - on the basis of a corpus of dictionaries of sports and sports slang in both languages - a comparative approach, reviewing some "culturally charged" terminological entries relating to the French and Italian tennis lexicon. Through this approach, we aim not only to bring out the culture sedimented in the selected lexical units, but also to show how these cultural references — being often specific to the idiom and civilization in which these slang lexical units were forged — pose many difficulties when translating.
Antidiabetic Activity of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Extract on Swiss Webster Male Glucagon-Induced Mice
Authors: Rusli Jessica
Published: April 2022

The antidiabetic activity of noni (Morinda citrifolia) extract on the blood glucose level of Swiss Webster male mice (Mus musculus) has been examined. This research aims to study the antidiabetic activity of noni fruit extract on blood glucose level by either induced or not induced with glucagon. Twenty-eight Webster male mice were divided into two main treatment groups. The first treatment group was further divided into four treatment sub-groups. These are (i) blank control (without any treatment), (ii) given distilled water only, (iii) given the extract in a dosage of 1,5 g/kg body weight (bw), and (iv) given the extract in a dosage of 3 g/kg bw. The second treated group was divided into three other treatment group. These are: (i) glucagon+ distilled water, (ii) glucagon+the extract in a dosage of 1,5 g/kg bw, and (iii) glucagon+the extract in a dosage of 3 g/kg bw. The experiment was done with four replicates to each sub-group. The volume of distilled water and the extract were given by gavage in a dosage of 10 ml/kg bw, whereas the glucagon was given through intramuscular injection in a dosage of 20 µg/kg bw. The treated sub-groups without glucagon were injected with distilled water and the extract once every two weeks for eight weeks (1th,3th,5th,7th week) with per week interval for blood sampling (zero,2nd,4th,6th,8th week). The blood glucose levels (BGL) of this sub-group is fasting blood glucose level (BGLf) and two hours post-prandial (2-hrs pp) blood glucose level). The sub-groups with glucagon injection were given distilled water and the extract once a week for four weeks (1th-4th week) with three times per week blood sampling, namely before glucagon injection (BGLa), 10 minutes after the injection (BGLb) and 2 minutes after distilled water or the extract. The results of the statistic test showed (ANOVA p<0,05) that BGL of noni fruit extract-treated mice (doses: 1,5 and 3 g/kg bw) without glucagon injection for eight weeks, tends to decrease. The distilled water feeding does not affect BGL. It can be seen that during 8 weeks of distilled water treatment, it appears that BGLf and BGLe of the distilled water group were not significantly different from the control group. Mice treated with noni fruit extract (doses: 1,5 and 3 g/kg bw) and glucagon injection for four weeks, showed constant BGL. The conclusion is that nony fruit extract helps to decrease blood glucose levels in both groups of mice either induced or not induced with glucagon. That can be seen from the result of statistical tests that shows BGLf and BGLe of the noni group, both at a dose of 1.5 g / kg bw and 3 g / kg bw, from week 2 to week 8 were significantly different from the control group. Meanwhile, in the mice treated with glucagon in the noni group with both doses, BGL decreased after administration of noni. That also shows the significant difference of BGLf and BGLe of the noni group with the control group
Studi Penambatan Maya dan Prediksi Toksisitas Turunan 5-Fluorouridin Monofosfat Pada Enzim Orotidin-5-monofosfat Dekarboksilase
Authors: Shofa Andzar Fikranus , Lestari Anggie Fuji , Soputri Hafidh Agrestian , Safenti Kharisma
Published: April 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Various cancer treatments had undergone many developments, one of which is through the process of drug discovery of cancer drugs. 5-Fluorouridine Monophosphate is a potential active metabolite of 5-fluorouracil and the ligand for the enzyme Orotidine-5-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPD), so it deserves further development through structural modification. This study aims to predict the cytotoxic activity and toxicity of the parent compound 5-Fluorouridine Monophosphate and twenty derivative compounds as candidates for anticancer drugs. The mechanism of action of 5-Fluorouridine Monophosphate derivatives as anticancer by inhibiting OMPD, a carboxylation enzyme that is important in nucleotide biosynthesis in the process of cellular replication. Biological activity was predicted through molecular modeling called in silico assay using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) program, while compound toxicity was predicted using the pkCSM online tools program. The in silico test is carried out by docking the compound whose activity will be predicted against the OMPD receptor target with the code PDB. 2QCF. The results of docking in the form of bond energy are indicated by the value of the Rerank Score (RS). Compounds that have a small RS value are predicted to have more stable ligand-receptor binding and have high activity. Based on the results of the in silico test, it can be concluded that all derivatives of 5-Fluorouridine Monophosphate meet the requirements of Lipinski's law. Then the results of molecular docking showed that the RS value of the derivative compound number 16 was lower than the parent compound 5-Fluorouridine Monophosphate, but had more hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues than the parent compound. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 16th derivative with the formula C16H25F2N2O7P is the most feasible to be synthesized and continued by testing its activity in vitro and in vivo.
Retro Baby
Authors: Zachry Anne H.
Published: April 2022

It can seem like babies need so much gear and so many toys. But when it comes to their health and development, less is more. In Retro Baby, pediatric occupational therapist and child development specialist Anne Zachry shows parents how bouncers, swings, and other baby holders, as well as electronic toys and screen-time, can hinder development and delay milestones. She suggests a return to back-to-basics parenting, featuring ideas for hands-on activities, homemade toys, and lots of caregiver engagement. Her approach will save parents money, reduce household clutter, and most importantly boost development and bonding. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/retro-baby-2nd-edition-paperback?_ga=2.14401207.1871387107.1708969941-1792585827.1680103430
El peatón como base de una movilidad urbana sostenible en Latinoamérica: una visión para construir ciudades del futuro
Authors: Tanikawa Obregón Kei , Paz Gömez Diana Marcela
Published: April 2022

La movilidad es el eje nodal del desarrollo urbano. Desde un paradigma de sostenibilidad, se ha implementado el uso de modos alternativos y el transporte público como un modelo que integra objetivos económicos, sociales y ambientales. Por su parte, el rol de los colectivos sociales sobre las acciones de los gobiernos locales y nacionales han promovido políticas que apuntan a responder a la necesidad de movilidad de las personas, sin perder de vista la construcción de ciudades para el futuro. Este ensayo propone una discusión alrededor del papel del peatón, a partir de la conferencia No. 4 de la Red de Investigación Internacional REHVIF “Habitar las ciudades del futuro”. En este debate, se plantea una revisión teórica de la movilidad urbana sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe y se proponen elementos claves sobre el peatón dentro del sistema de movilidad urbana así como el de actores sociales, tomadores de decisiones.
Ardientemente anticlericales
Authors: Monreal Susana
Published: April 2022

Las expresiones anticlericales de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX culminaron, en Uruguay, con la crisis de 1901. Los acontecimientos de ese año evidenciaron un anticlericalismo nuevo, que también se manifestó en Francia, España y otras ciudades del Cono Sur. Por un lado, el fortalecimiento de la Iglesia católica y las expresiones públicas de fe agudizaron la oposición; el discurso y los gestos “anti oscurantistas” se cargaron de furia. Por otro lado, nuevos protagonistas se asociaron al anticlericalismo clásico, en particular anarquistas, que aplicaron la acción directa también a su resistencia a la fe católica, y protestantes metodistas, que asumieron las posiciones de oposición más radicales que se conocieron en el país.
Aspects of negation in Makaa (A83)
Authors: Ibirahim Njoya
Published: April 2022

Polarity is a topic that has attracted much attention in semantics but as well in language typology regarding the syntactic and morphological realisations of negation. This paper studies negation in Makaa (A83) following two major perspectives. First, typologically, it examines the system of Makaa negation against the backdrop of polarity theory and second, from a (comparative) Bantu perspective, it examines the system of Makaa negation against the backdrop of other Bantu languages; including grammaticalization. Makaa negation displays divergent and very complex negation patterns studied under the contrast standard vs. non-standard negation. Concerning the origin of negators in Makaa, it is argued that Makaa negators might derive from grammaticalized verbs, the 3SG personal pronoun, possessive adjectives or object marker, and locative pronouns. Others are probably old negation particles.
Evaluation of elite sugarcane clones/varieties against red rot disease (Colletotrichum falcatum) and their suitability in crop improvement programme
Authors: Mahata G. , Sardar S.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. To manage red rot disease in sugarcane, several methods like use of bio-control agents, hot water and hot air treatment of setts, chemical fungicides, various cultural practices like use of disease free setts, rouging, crop rotation, irrigation management, avoiding rationing, etc. are practised. But none of the practices are able to control the disease. The most viable strategy is to manage through host plant resistance. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2019 and 2020 at the Research Farm of Sugarcane Research Station, Bethuadahari (West Bengal), India to evaluate some elite sugarcane clones/varieties against red rot disease. The elite clones/varieties were laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with a plot size of 2R x 6m x 0.90m with 2 replications and two red rot pathotypes Cf 07 and Cf 08 were used for artificial inoculation in plug and nodal method. The experiment revealed that the sugarcane clones CoP 16436, CoP 16437, CoP 16438, CoLk 16466, CoLk 16467, CoLk 16468, CoSe 16451, CoP 16439, CoP 16440, BO 156, CoLk 16469, CoLk 16470, CoLk 16471, CoSe 16452, CoSe 16453, CoSe 16454, CoP 17436, CoP 17437, CoP 17438, CoP 17440, CoP 17441, CoSe 17451, CoSe 16455, CoSe 16456, CoP 17444, CoP 17446 and CoSe 17452 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method to both pathotypes and can be used for further evaluation in subsequent varietal developmental as well as breeding programme. The popular sugarcane varieties, namely CoLk 94184, CoSe 01421, BO 91, CoP 9301 and CoP 06436 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method and can be continued for commercial cultivation as well as red rot breeding programme. As the existing popular variety CoSe 95422 was found moderately susceptible (MS) in plug method and susceptible (S) in nodal method to Cf 07 and Cf 08 red rot pathotypes, thus the variety must be discarded from commercial cultivation with immediate effect.
Reduced egg hatch and increased juvenile mortality of potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) post in-vitro treatment with plant extracts
Authors: Wanjiku Mbiyu Miriam , Maina Muiru William , Wangai Kimenju John , Wabomba Nyongesa Moses , Haukeland Solveig
Published: April 2022

Abstract. In-vitro assays to determine the effect of plant extracts on egg viability and mortality of J2s of potato cyst nematode were evaluated. Methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water were used as solvents. Eggs and J2s were exposed to plant extracts for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s significantly increased with an increase in the time of exposure to the extracts. Hexane extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability. Mexican sunflower extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability, having 93 and 89.2% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, compared to other plant extracts. This was followed by garlic, which had 89.5 % and 86.3%, and then ginger, 86.8% and 85.9% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Garlic, Mexican sunflower and ginger after 72 hrs of treatment exposure had significantly (P<0.05) high juvenile mortalities of 64.5%, 64.9% and 70.2%. Mexican sunflower, ginger and garlic extracts were effective in inducing loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s of PCN.
Functional potential of the edible portion in wild and cultured crabs
Authors: Moruf R.O.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Crab proteins can be utilized as additives in baking items, as well as contributing to the nutritional content of dishes. The edible portion’s functional potential in wild and cultivated crabs (Cardisoma armatum) was determined using standard methods. In addition to water absorption capacity, both wild and cultivated female crabs had an encouragingly high swelling power of 269.30±24.26% and 238.78±3.25%, respectively. In combined sexes, there were higher percentages (%) of water absorption capacity (135.46), oil absorption capacity (74.27), emulsion stability (42.90), foam capacity (5.32), foam stability (40.25), dispersibility (10.01), swelling power (269.93) and solubility (3.33) in the edible portion of wild C. armatum. The cultured crabs showed higher values of packed bulk density (0.83 g.ml-1), loose bulk density (0.47 g.ml-1) and specific gravity (0.49 g.ml-1) while the wild crabs had better emulsion capacity (1.94 ml.g-1). The functional potential of the edible portion in wild and cultured crabs showed no significant differences (p<0.05). High functional solubility of the crab edible portion indicates potential applications in formulated food systems by providing attractive appearance and smooth mouthfeel to the product.
A Study on the Hapax Legomenon ‘yogun yolpa’ Hendiadys in Old Uyghur
Authors: Gulcali Zemire
Published: April 2022

In Turkic, hendiadys has an important place as a method that is used for the
emphasis of an expression. In addition to Old Turkic inscriptions, hendiadyses,
which are often used in Old Uyghur texts, still survive in contemporary Turkic
languages. In this article, the hendiadys of yogun yolpa i.e.
‘unmannerly, cumbersome, rude, ugly’ which appears only once (hapax legomenon)
in Old Uyghur texts, and never in works from other periods, will be studied in
comparison to examples from contemporary Turkic languages. The etymology of the
two words yogun and yolpa which form the
hendiadys will be investigated. The first element of the hendiadys,
yogun, ‘intense, rude, rough, ugly’ has already been the
subject of various studies. The other element of the hendiadys, the word
yolpa, which does not appear in any other text, is analysed
in this article.
Reading the Blood Plague (Exodus 7:14–25): The Hermeneutics of a Composite Text
Authors: Najman Hindy , Schmid Konrad
Published: April 2022

This essay presents a methodological commitment to rethink the presuppositions about compositional practices with respect to the assembly and production of what we have come to call the Pentateuch. Throughout the article the authors present an account of the ancient biblical writers and readers as committed to producing difference—not to produce an overall seamless linear narrative. The textual example focuses on the blood plague but considers the composition of the Pentateuch and biblical composition more generally.
Writing as a Source of Ritual Authority: The High Priest's Body as a Priestly Text in the Tabernacle-Building Story
Authors: Mandell Alice
Published: April 2022

Past works have connected the design, execution, and content of Aaron's inscribed clothing in the tabernacle-building narrative in Exod 28 and 39 to different types of ancient Near Eastern inscriptions. This largely form-critical enterprise sheds light on their power as inscriptions that draw authority from diverse text-types, including dedications, seals, and amulets. Yet the inscriptions set into Aaron's clothing do more than tell us about the types of textual practices priests may have known about or engaged in—they project a priestly ideal of writing as a source of ritual authority. When the narrative description of these inscriptions is theorized through the framework of multimodality, we can see that they communicate through their semantic content and through their design, but also through their display features on Aaron's body and their movement with him in the tabernacle. Exodus 28 and 39 embed a host of inscriptional practices into Aaron's uniform in a way that transforms it into an archetypical priestly text, one that is mobile yet tied to the priesthood. In the story of the building of the tabernacle, this literary representation of Aaron's inscribed clothing both anticipates and affirms the ritual authority of texts in priestly communities in the aftermath of the destruction of Jerusalem's temple in the Neo-Babylonian period.
The emergency of bike races in Curitiba (1895-1913): idealizing body pedagogies
Authors: Moraes e Silva Marcelo , Lessa Priscila Requião , Gomes Leonardo do Couto , Capraro André Mendes
Published: April 2022

Resumo O presente artigo pretende investigar como se deu a emergência das corridas de bicicleta na cidade de Curitiba. Para tanto foram utilizados como fontes os jornais da época, delimitados entre os anos de 1895 a 1913. A análise dos materiais indicou uma relação da bicicleta com o ideário urbano nascente na capital paranaense na temporalidade em questão, bem como a necessidade de uma pedagogização do andar de bicicleta em virtude do crescimento da urbe. A título de conclusão, o artigo aponta que a presença das bicicletas e das corridas em Curitiba, na virada do século XIX para o XX, contribuiu significativamente na formação de gestualidades atléticas e na educação dos corpos nos indivíduos que interagiram com tais artefatos.
The PNLD/2018 philosophy books and the Law 10,639/03: reflections on ethnic-racial diversity in philosophy teaching material in High School
Authors: Ferreira Soraia Aparecida Belton , Ferreira Amauri Carlos
Published: April 2022

Resumo A construção dessa pesquisa parte da concepção decolonialista e discorre sobre a filosofia, seu ensino e a diversidade étnico-racial sob a perspectiva da Lei 10.639/03. A pesquisa é qualitativa e os resultados dados foram obtidos através da coleta documental, que teve como objeto de análise os oito livros de filosofia do PNLD/2018 e um questionário misto aplicado a 31 professores de filosofia do Ensino Médio (EM). A pesquisa apontou que nos livros analisados e nas aulas de filosofia no EM, não há a efetiva inclusão da Lei 10.639/03 em seus conteúdos. Sendo assim, é possível afirmar que a filosofia ainda tem muito a fazer em relação à temática da diversidade étnico-racial, devendo problematizar seu próprio eixo epistemológico e abrir espaço para que o fazer filosófico seja fator crucial na transformação das teorias e práticas racistas presentes dentro e fora dos muros escolares fomentando a problematização das relações sociais vigentes, de modo a promover as lutas antirracistas.
The methodological dimension of class: revisiting the pedagogical organization of teaching
Authors: Almeida Luana Costa
Published: April 2022

Resumo O presente ensaio propõe uma reflexão sobre a dimensão metodológica na organização do trabalho pedagógico, retomando o debate sobre a constituição da aula e do lugar da tríade professor-aluno-conhecimento no processo. Mobilizado pelo relato de uma professora do 4.º ano do ensino fundamental, indaga o lugar e o papel das escolhas metodológicas na organização do trabalho pedagógico docente, assumindo-as como constitutivas do par dialético conteúdo-forma. Distante de apresentar propostas ou enaltecer a experiência relatada, o texto busca problematizar os contornos que dão forma às decisões metodológicas da aula como reflexão necessária para delimitar a ação docente, dentro da potencialidade do que, inspirado em Freire (1996), convencionou-se chamar de “inacabamento criativo professoral”. Defende-se que, ao assumir concepções críticas, o professor é convidado a protagonizar, com seus estudantes, um processo de construção que exige a abertura para o inesperado possível, porém, desconhecendo o caminho, deve ter clareza do destino e abrir-se, pela dinâmica do acontecimento, a aprendizagens múltiplas na vivência constante de novos modos de caminhar, firmemente alicerçados em princípios e conteúdos.
Zingiberales Griseb. in the Núcleo Curucutu, Parque Estadual Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil.
Authors: Vaz Leandro Matheus de Carvalho , Affonso Paulo
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT This work consists in a taxonomic survey. Identification key, morphological descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution and phenology are presented. The order is represented in the study area by four species divided into three families: Goeppertia monophylla (Vell.) Borchs. & S.Suárez (Marantaceae), Heliconia farinosa Raddi (Heliconiaceae), Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. and Renealmia petasites Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae).
On the isotache viscous modelling of clay behaviour using the hyperplasticity approach
Authors: Dadras-Ajirloo Davood , Grimstad Gustav , Amiri Seyed Ali Ghoreishian
Published: April 2022

The thermodynamically based hyperplasticity framework is employed to develop a hyper-viscoplastic constitutive model describing clay's creep and rate-dependent behaviour. The proposed model complies with the concept of the isotache viscosity and the paradigm of the critical state soil mechanics that is the uniqueness of the critical state friction envelope. A versatile force potential or dissipation rate function is presented that provides adjustability of the location of the critical state while securing a unique critical state friction envelope. A non-associated flow rule as an essential property of frictional material is adopted by further development of the force potential. Adequacy of the proposed constitutive model is evaluated through the simulation of the triaxial tests conducted on Hong Kong marine deposits.
On swelling behaviours of a bentonite under different water contents
Authors: Wang Hailong , Ito Daichi , Shirakawabe Takumi , Ruan Kunlin , Komine Hideo
Published: April 2022

This study starts from a question: how would initial water content (wi) affect equilibrium swelling pressure (peq) of compacted bentonites in swelling pressure tests (ps tests)? However, discussions based on experiments involving a bentonite, Kunigel V1 (K_V1), are extended to the following issues: (a) the effect of wi on peq; (b) pore water density (ρpw); (c) the co-existence of crystalline and osmotic swelling; and (d) relation between peq and compaction tests (pc tests). It is revealed that wi has an insignificant effect on peq in general, although a significant effect may appear for relatively high wi and dry density (ρd) conditions. Two swelling types, crystalline swelling with basal spacing of montmorillonite (d001 = 1·0–1·9 nm) and osmotic swelling (d001 ≥ ∼4·0 nm), co-exist in a w range from 36 to 65%. With the fact that ρpw of K_V1 may range from 1·1 to 1·2 Mg/m3, it is expected that crystalline swelling may mainly govern peq in ps tests if the final dry density of a specimen (ρdf) is larger than 1·46 Mg/m3, while osmotic swelling may mainly govern if ρdf < 1·05 Mg/m3. Together with the results of pc tests, the effects of wi on peq are explained by the proposed conceptual model.
Single-Cell Chromatin and Gene-Regulatory Dynamics of Mouse Nephron Progenitors
Authors: Hilliard Sylvia , Tortelote Giovane , Liu Hongbing , Chen Chao-Hui , El-Dahr Samir S.
Published: April 2022

Significance Statement

Nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) give rise to all epithelial cell types of the nephron. Single-cell transcriptomics have defined the diverse cell states of NPCs, but how cell fate choices are established and maintained requires knowledge of the gene regulatory landscape. This study integrated open chromatin domains representing promoters and enhancers with gene expression in the same single cells. These paired regulatory maps unraveled the dynamics and hierarchy of fate-determining transcription factors along the developmental trajectory of NPCs. These findings have implications for understanding mechanisms of nephrogenesis in health and disease.

Background

We reasoned that unraveling the dynamic changes in accessibility of genomic regulatory elements and gene expression at single-cell resolution will inform the basic mechanisms of nephrogenesis.

Methods

We performed single-cell ATAC-seq and RNA-seq both individually (singleomes; Six2GFPcells) and jointly in the same cells (multiomes; kidneys) to generate integrated chromatin and transcriptional maps in mouse embryonic and neonatal nephron progenitor cells.

Results

We demonstrate that singleomes and multiomes are comparable in assigning most cell states, identification of new cell type markers, and defining the transcription factors driving cell identity. However, multiomes are more precise in defining the progenitor population. Multiomes identified a “pioneer” bHLH/Fox motif signature in nephron progenitor cells. Moreover, we identified a subset of Fox factors exhibiting high chromatin activity in podocytes. One of these Fox factors, Foxp1, is important for nephrogenesis. Key nephrogenic factors are distinguished by strong correlation between linked gene regulatory elements and gene expression.

Conclusion

Mapping the regulatory landscape at single-cell resolution informs the regulatory hierarchy of nephrogenesis. Paired single-cell epigenomes and transcriptomes of nephron progenitors should provide a foundation to understand prenatal programming, regeneration after injury, andex vivonephrogenesis.
La isla de Guam: de colonia española a territorio no autónomo
Authors: Manzano Cosano David
Published: April 2022

El objetivo principal de este artículo es comprender la situación jurídica de la isla de Guam en el sistema internacional. Para ello realizaremos un recorrido histórico desde que fuera colonizada por España en 1668 hasta la actualidad. De este modo, pretendemos acercarnos a las peculiaridades jurídicas de este territorio no autónomo que hoy es administrado por Estados Unidos.
El nuevo marco europeo sobre notificación y obtención de pruebas en el extranjero: hacia un espacio judicial europeo digitalizado
Authors: Marchal Escalona Nuria
Published: April 2022

La pandemia de covid-19 ha puesto de relieve la necesidad de contar con un sistema judicial moderno y digital. Las herramientas digitales pueden mejorar el funcionamiento de los procedimientos judiciales, en particular los transfronterizos. El nuevo Derecho europeo, contenido en los Reglamentos 2020/1783 y 2020/1784, ha supuesto la acogida a nivel regional de la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito de la obtención de pruebas y notificación y traslado de documentos entre Estados miembros. Este estudio analiza, por una parte, el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en el espacio judicial europeo para la obtención de pruebas y el traslado de documentos; y, por otra, las modificaciones que el legislador europeo ha incorporado respecto de la normativa existente.
Composition and structure of a low semi-thorn shrubland in Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Vázquez Víctor Abraham , Sanchez-Rangel Ninfa Isabel , Vázquez-Reyes Christian Javier , Martínez-Ávalos José Guadalupe , Mora-Olivo Arturo
Published: April 2022

Background: The plant community in southern Texas and the adjacent region in Mexico is Tamaulipan thornscrub (MET). However, the recently published proposals for quantitative hierarchical classification have evidenced the presence of more communities and the need for quantitative descriptions of these associations to determine their conservation status.
Question: What is the structure and floristic composition of a semi-thorn shrubland in Reynosa’s northwestern region?
Studied species: Tamaulipan low semi-thorn scrubland.
Study site and dates: Hills in Reynosa’s northwestern region (Tamaulipas), Mexico. August 2018-July 2019.
Methods: Abundance, height and coverage of each plant species were measured on 33 plots of 10 × 10 m. Horizontal structure was analyzed by Importance Value Index, vertical structure was estimated through a modification of the Pretzsch Index and in addition alpha diversity indices were calculated.
Results: Richness was 55 species, within 54 genera and 25 families. The importance values were centered mainly in small, spineless shrub species ( Lippia graveolens , Calliandra conferta , Turnera diffusa and Krameria ramosissima ). The vertical structure presented four defined strata with 50 % of species equally represented in all strata and the remaining 50 % restricted to a single stratum (A = 2.86, Amax = 5.39, Arel = 52.98 %). The species with the highest proportional density were distributed only in stratum IV (0-1.12 m).
Conclusions: The community is a clearly defined low semi-thorn scrubland. The structural characteristics indicate that it can be a possible transition plant association between MET and piedmont scrub. This reinforces the proposals of the recently published classification systems.

Translate
stop
 

Translate
stop
Anatomía foliar de nueve especies de Tagetes L. (Tageteae: Asteraceae)
Authors: Anaya-Gutiérrez Erick Jesús , Gutiérrez Jorge , Serrato-Cruz Miguel A. , Vázquez-Sánchez Monserrat
Published: April 2022

Antecedentes: Tagetes contiene cerca de 55 especies, su mayor centro de diversificación se encuentra en México con 35. Cerca del 10 % de las especies tienen importancia en el ámbito cultural y económico. A la fecha, se carece de estudios anatómicos en la mayoría de ellas. Pregunta: ¿Existen caracteres anatómicos foliares de valor diagnóstico que permitan discriminar entre las nueve especies de Tagetes estudiadas? Especies de estudio: Tagetes lacera , T. lemmonii , T. linifolia , T. lucida , T. lunulata , T. micrantha , T. parryi , T. stenophylla , T. zypaquirensis .  Sitio de estudio y fecha: Áreas de distribución natural en el Altiplano Mexicano, Faja Volcánica Transmexicana y CampoExperimental de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México, durante el 2017. Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares botánicos. Sus hojas fueron fijadas y sometidas a técnicas convencionales de anatomía vegetal, se diafanizaron e incluyeron en parafina para su observación y análisis. Resultados: Las especies de Tagetes desarrollan hojas enteras y pinnatisectas, el patrón de venación secundaria fue eucamptódromo tornándose reticulódromo distalmente y broquidódromo simple y festoneado. La venación última marginal fue incompleta excepto de T. lunulata . Se observaron abundantes y diversos tricomas, mesofilo dorsiventral e isolateral, haces colaterales con vaina y canales en el mesofilo y en la vena media . Conclusiones: La arquitectura y la anatomía foliar de las especies estudiadas revela caracteres comunes en Asteraceae. Sin embargo, en Tagetes el tipo de tricomas, de mesofilo, tamaño de los canales y esclerénquima asociada a los haces vasculares son importantes. Translate stop
Uluslararası Sözleşmelerde Kıyı Ötesi Tesislerin Ortadan Kaldırılması
Authors: KURUN Murat , ÇAKIR Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Geçtiğimiz yüzyılda yaşanan teknolojik, ekonomik ve siyasi gelişmeler denizlerin geleneksel kullanımından başka amaçlar için kullanılmasının önünü açmıştır. Bu kapsamda kıyı ötesi tesisler bilimsel araştırma, enerji, iletişim, doğal kaynakların işletilmesi gibi amaçlar için kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada ekonomik ömrünü tamamladığı için kullanılmayan veya terkedilen kıyı ötesi tesislerin ortadan kaldırılmasına ilişkin yöntemlere değinilmiş ve küresel ve bölgesel nitelikli sözleşmelerde yer alan düzenlemeler incelenmiştir.
Eyes in Sight: Embodiment, Affect, and Learning to See in Ophthalmology
Authors: Baim Adam
Published: April 2022

Vision is central to the apprenticeship of ophthalmology residency training. As clinicians who diagnose and treat diseases of the eye, ophthalmologists build their professional identities around the mission of safeguarding their patients’ sight. At the same time, ophthalmologists rely on their own vision as they peer into the eye to detect subtle signs of disease. Based on an extended ethnography of an ophthalmology residency programme, as well as autoethnographic analysis of ophthalmology training, this article explores how novice trainees learn to view the eye by considering two fundamental examination techniques. The first is slit lamp biomicroscopy, where a table-mounted microscope is used to view ocular structures in fine detail. The second is binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, where examiners view the retina using a head-mounted instrument in conjunction with handheld lenses. Rather than framing visual interpretation as a cognitive exercise in identifying pathology, I instead consider these techniques as embodied practices where trainees must discipline their movement, attention, and use of instrumentation to make the eye visible. This process of embodiment, in turn, unfolds within a broader terrain of affects as trainees marvel at what they behold, yearn to see more, and fear the limitations of their own vision while they learn to perform challenging examination manoeuvres. Situating the ophthalmic examination in its embodied and affective contexts illustrates the sensibilities that ophthalmology residents come to inhabit during their apprenticeship and which undergird the visual expertise of ophthalmologists.
Swine wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation
Authors: Cachay Jaime , Vargas David , Leyva Brandon
Published: April 2022

The search for potential solutions to treat wastewater and provide added value motivate the objective of this study, which was to evaluate the efficiency and performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) in generating bioelectricity from the treatment of effluents from a pig farm,consideringits performance with and without the use of inoculum. Threedouble chamber biocells were built and two treatments were implemented for 13 days withhourly voltage monitoring. In the first treatment, the autochthonous microorganisms of the wastewater were used and in the second, bovine manure was used as a source of inoculum. The effluent presented low biodegradability (BOD5/ COD = 0.22), in addition, removals greater than 80% and 67% were achieved for COD and BOD5respectively, attributed firstto the sedimentation of the effluent solids. The electrical parameters were very low compared to other investigations, reaching an average voltage lower than 200 mV and the coulombic efficiency lower than 0.1%. Statistically the treatments did not have significant differences in the removal of COD and BOD5, the mean voltage and coulombic efficiency. Finally, it was possible to generate bioelectricity but at a very low efficiency, which makes it important to investigate how to optimize the process.
Inclusion of Santa Catarina family farming ventures in new markets
Authors: Köene Telma Tatiana , Ribeiro Ana Lúcia , Dortzbach Denílson , Bernett Deborah , Galdeano Cruz Antonio Eduardo , Loss Arcângelo
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze the participation of family farming enterprises in Santa Catarina in Exposuper on-line, held in 2020 virtually, through an interactive digital platform, where suppliers and partners presented their products, services and equipment for supermarkets in Santa Catarina and other Brazilian states. With the help of the State Secretariat for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, 44 virtual stands were made available for SantaCatarina enterprises. Exposuper 2020, in virtual format, was an important exercise for technical assistance to enterprises, with challenges for a new event model and a changing market, which suggests a reflection on the role of technical assistance with the enterprises served. Of the total, 70% of the enterprises would participate again in an event such as Exposuper online, 8.8% would not participate and 20.6 would perhaps participate. Family farming has differentiated products that have great potential toreach new markets. However, agricultural enterprises need better qualification to be able to compete in this new business model and make their products known to consumers. Strategies connected with technical assistance are needed to leverage the reach of new markets.