bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of near-source ellipticity corrections to body-wave travel times by use of equidistant latitudes
Authors: Brown R. James
Published: July 2021

The use of equidistant latitudes has been proposed by the author to eliminate discrepancies between angular and kilometric epicentral distances. This is done in combination with a path-length correction which depends on the inclination of the great ellipse containing the epicenter-receiver path. If there were a one-to-one correspondence between source-receiver surface arc length (in kilometers) and, say, P-wave travel time (for constant focal depth) for a standard spheroidal Earth, the ellipticity (time) correction could then be replaced by the distance correction described. However, one would only expect this to be approximately valid for small epicentral distances Δ.

In this paper, the travel-time corrections made by using equidistant latitudes (and the great-ellipse correction) are compared with the “true” ellipticity corrections due to Dziewonski and Gilbert. It is seen that the present equidistant-latitude method gives P-wave correction values that, for example, are always within 0.05 sec of the “true” values for Δ ≦ 14° and normal focal depth (h ≦ 40 km). For large Δ(⪞ 45°) and/or great focal depth (h⪞ 475 km), these values may differ by more than 0.2 sec. This equidistant-latitude method of correcting body-wave travel times is thus not recommended for routine use, but it could be used to advantage in special studies involving smaller Δ and h.
Diffraction of Love waves by a finite rigid barrier
Authors: Asghar S. , Zaman F. D.
Published: July 2021

The diffraction of Love waves, traveling in a layer overlying a half-space, normally incident upon a finite rigid barrier is considered using the Wiener-Hopf technique. The transmitted waves are calculated analytically, and it has been observed that the case of the infinite rigid barrier can be obtained as a special case of this problem.
The seismic response of two-dimensional sedimentary deposits with large vertical velocity gradients
Authors: Bard Pierre-Yves , Gariel Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2021

abstract

An extension of the Aki-Larner technique to vertically inhomogeneous media is presented, so that vertical velocity gradients may be taken into account in two-dimensional models. Only SH waves are considered here, but the theory is valid for P and SV waves as well.

This method is applied to investigate the seismic response of two-dimensional sedimentary deposits with large velocity gradients. Three different cases are considered: a shallow, high-contrast valley, a deep, high-contrast valley, and a deep, low-contrast valley. In each case, a comparison is performed with the results of a two-dimensional model taking into account only homogeneous sediments and a one-dimensional model taking into account the vertical inhomogeneity of sediments.

The presence of a large velocity gradient does not change a lot the qualitative behavior of a two-dimensional deposit: local surface waves and/or two-dimensional resonance patterns are observed as in the case of homogeneous sediments. Nevertheless, the surface waves are much more dispersive with lower phase and group velocities and larger amplitudes. Only very deep valleys give rise to the development of two-dimensional resonance.

On the other hand, the amplifications obtained in such deposits may reach much larger values than those predicted with either two-dimensional, homogeneous models or one-dimensional, inhomogeneous models. Since these results have been obtained for realistic values of valley geometrical and mechanical considerations, they should find some application in earthquake engineering or seismic microzonation studies.
Relocation of the Koyna earthquakes with a new velocity model
Authors: Dube R. K.
Published: July 2021

abstract

Hypocenter locations of 380 earthquakes of magnitude ≧ 3 in the Koyna region, recorded by the Central Water and Power Research Station Network of Seismological Observatories and the India Meteorological Department stations during the period December 1967 to December 1973, are determined after selection of an appropriate crustal model. The model is chosen from among the few available for the region on the basis of comparatively better hypocenter locations in terms of error parameters in the location of 32 events of magnitude ≧ 4 (master events). An epicenter map and hypocentral depth cross-section of the earthquakes in the region are presented. Least-squares fit through the best hypocentral locations along the line perpendicular to the strike of fault plane inferred by Tandon and Chaudhury (1968) gives a dip of 27° in the east-southeast direction and the surface manifestation of the fault 25 km to the west of the Koyna Dam. While the chosen strike direction of the fault is also in agreement with those obtained in a number of fault plane solutions and LANDSAT imagery (Lee and Rayleigh, 1969; Sykes, 1970; Banghar, 1972; Chandra, 1976; Rastogi and Talwani, 1980; Langston, 1981), the observed dip direction of the fault agrees only with the results of deep seismic sounding (Kaila et al., 1979) and the fault plane solution of Rastogi and Talwani (1980). The amount of dip is, however, much less than any of the values reported so far.
Application of the principal parameters method to the 1983 Coalinga, California, aftershock sequence
Authors: Michelini A. , Bolt B. A.
Published: July 2021

abstract

A new technique, called the method of the principal parameters (Ebblin and Michelini, in press), to infer the orientations of active fault planes of an aftershock sequence has been applied to the sequence that followed the Coalinga, California, earthquake of 2 May 1983 (ML = 6.7).

The method is based on observed clustering in time and space. Clustering is a characteristic feature of aftershock sequences, and it suggests interdependence of the events. It follows that the spatial locations of time-successive foci may provide additional information about the geometries of the rupturing fault system. The method involves sliding of a temporal window of a fixed number of foci along the sequence and estimating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a spatial matrix for each window-set. This matrix can be interpreted as an ellipsoid which is fitted through the foci. During the earthquake sequence, the different trends of the seismicity pattern can be isolated by selecting and averaging the greatly flattened ellipsoids.

In the case of the Coalinga sequence, the trends are generally consistent with one of the focal planes obtained from the fault-plane solutions given in earlier published studies. The method appears to offer a simple way to infer average active fault geometries in complex areas from hypocentral locations only.
High-frequency seismic noise characteristics at the four United Kingdom-type arrays
Authors: Bache Thomas C. , Marshall Peter D. , Young John B.
Published: July 2021

The noise spectra are described from 0.3 to 8 Hz for the United Kingdom (UK)-type medium aperture arrays EKA, YKA, GBA, and WRA. These arrays have been operating in the same configuration since the mid-1960's and therefore provide a unique source of high-quality data for frequencies in this range. The array noise spectra are compared to spectra recorded at sites (Lajitas, NORSAR, and RSTN) specifically selected for high-frequency signal recording. At nearly all of these stations and arrays (borehole or near-surface), the characteristic noise spectrum follows a linear trend above 2 Hz, with displacement amplitude slope varying from f−1.7 to f−2.5. The GBA spectrum is an exception in that it flattens above 4 Hz, apparently due to locally generated high-frequency noise trapped near the surface. This shows that spectral flattening is not an infallible indicator of system noise contamination. System noise imposes no significant limitation on the ability to recover seismic signal or noise spectra to at least 8 Hz for EKA, GBA, and YKA. The WRA seismic noise spectra are contaminated by system noise above 3 to 4 Hz, apparently due to transmission link problems. It seems likely that borehole seismometers at YKA, GBA, and WRA would achieve noise levels between those recorded at NORSAR and the very quiet Lajitas site; i.e., similar to those at the quieter RSTN sites RSNT, RSON, and RSSD.
Rupture history of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion records
Authors: Hartzell Stephen H. , Heaton Thomas H.
Published: July 2021

Near-source strong motion velocity records and teleseismic short-period P waveforms are modeled to obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake. Both forward modeling and constrained, least-squares inversion techniques are used to interpret the strong motion velocity waveforms in the frequency range of approximately 0.2 to 2.0 Hz. These data support a nearly unilateral rupture to the southeast with a rupture propagation velocity of nine-tenths of the local S-wave velocity. The majority of the slip occurs over a fault length of 25 km and to a first approximation can be interpreted as two main source regions, each with an extent of about 5 km with their centers separated by about 12 km. However, each of the sources has detailed structure of its own, and a simple two-point-source model is not an accurate representation of the Morgan Hill earthquake. The second source occurs about 4.5 sec after the first and is approximately 3 times larger. The maximum dislocation on the fault plane is about 1 m. The total moment of the earthquake is estimated to be 2.1 ×1025 dyne-cm. The Morgan Hill earthquake offers convincing evidence for very inhomogeneous slip and stress distributions on shallow strike-slip faults.
Direct inversion of slant-stacked seismic data. Part I. Synthetic seismogram results
Authors: Brysk Henry , McCowan Douglas W.
Published: July 2021

Bube and Burridge (1983) have investigated direct inverse methods in the time domain for solving the acoustic equation in one space dimension for the impedance profile. Since every slowness in a proper slant stack is a rescaled plane wave component, the technique can legitimately be applied to each trace individually. We have developed a robust estimation procedure that combines the (overdetermined) set of solutions in the τ − p domain to invert not just the impedance profile but the density and wave velocity separately. We have successfully applied the method to synthetic seismogram data for which neither the density, the wave velocity, nor the impedance are monotone functions of depth. Satisfactory results have been obtained after convolution of the model seismograms with a variety of source wavelets and after addition of random noise of amplitude comparable in level to the rms signal. We note that our method and results are for an acoustic equation model which may be inappropriate for physical models which generate significant shear waves from interface conversions.
Crustal structure of the Washington continental margin from refraction data
Authors: Taber J. John , Lewis B. T. R.
Published: July 2021

Refraction data were collected in an onshore-offshore experiment in 1978 near Grays Harbor, Washington. Two-dimensional raytracing and synthetic seismograms were used to model the data along the refraction lines. The resulting velocity model uses a broad-scale subduction zone geometry to explain the major features of the data. The three main contributions of the onshore-offshore model are: (1) evidence for an approximately 9° dip of the subducting oceanic lithosphere; (2) a clear indication of the point at which the subducting slab begins to bend beneath the margin; and (3) confirmation of the continuity of the slab from the buried trench offshore to beneath Puget Sound. The model also helps explain the distribution and stress orientation of earthquakes within the subduction zone.
Analysis of seismic discrimination capabilities using regional data from western United States events
Authors: Bennett T. J. , Murphy J. R.
Published: July 2021

Additional studies have been conducted to help verify the findings of previous investigations (cf. Murphy and Bennett, 1982) which indicated that spectral differences in short-period regional phases may be diagnostic of source type for Nevada Test Site (NTS) explosions and nearby earthquakes recorded at Tonto Forest Observatory in Arizona. Regional phase signals from two additional stations, the Uinta Basin Observatory array in Utah and the Blue Mountains Observatory array in Oregon, and from supplemental events, including aftershocks of the 1966 Caliente, Nevada, earthquake, have been analyzed. These stations are at epicentral distances of 430 to 530 km for Tonto Forest Observatory, 520 to 670 km for Uinta Basin Observatory, and 870 to 880 km for Blue Mountains Observatory, with the near ranges representing the distances to the Caliente source area and the far ranges to the average NTS source/receiver distances. This enhanced data base included 50 earthquakes within about 150 km of NTS and 35 NTS explosions recorded at one or more stations. The events cover a magnitude range from about 2.8 to 5.2 (mb), with the majority of earthquakes concentrated in the lower half of that range.

The current investigation essentially corroborated our previous findings that comparison of simple, peak-amplitude measurements of regional P and Lg phases did not consistently discriminate between earthquakes and explosions. This discriminant breakdown appears to be related to variability in excitation of regional phases from similar sources which has been dramatically illustrated by observations from the 1966 Caliente aftershocks; these events produced large variations in the relative amplitudes of Pg and Lg signals even though the events were spatially restricted to a small zone. In contrast, the Lg spectral ratio discriminant measure, defined in the previous study, continued to provide reliable distinction between the earthquake and explosion sources for data observed at all three stations. The discrimination capability of the spectral ratio prevails in spite of the evident mechanism variability between earthquakes and shifts in the discrimination threshold between stations apparently related to attenuation differences along the propagation paths.
Additional evidence for down-dip tension in the Pacific plate beneath central Alaska
Authors: Gedney Larry , Davies John N.
Published: July 2021

Small intermediate-depth earthquakes cluster in a volume about 20 km in diameter beneath Gold King, a landing strip on the northern flanks of the Alaska Range. These events, almost 600 km from the Aleutian trench, are the northern-most which can be identified as being associated with the Benioff zone extending inland from Cook Inlet west of Anchorage. First-motion observations of the Gold King events at local stations can be combined to determine a tensional axis dipping steeply to the north at an azimuth just west of north. This composite mechanism suggests that the slab is subjected to down-dip tensional forces, probably as a result of gravitational sinking.
Fault scarps related to the 1739 earthquake and seismicity of the Yinchuan graben, Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu, China
Authors: Zhang Buchun , Liao Yuhua , Guo Shunmin , Wallace Robert E. , Bucknam Robert C. , Hanks Thomas C.
Published: July 2021

Surface faulting accompanying the great Yinchuan-Pingluo earthquake of 1739 in Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region) produced two sections of fault scarps 3.5 and 16.5 km long and separated from one another by 65 km along strike. The scarps are on the west side of the Yinchuan graben along the east flank of the Helan Shan (Holan Mountains). The east side of the faults is downthrown, and surface offsets at the fault are as much as 5.3 m on the Hongguozigou (northern) section, and 4.6 m on the Suyukou (southern) section. Actual net displacement may be slightly less. Near the north end of the set of faults, the Great Wall is offset by about 2.7 m vertically and about 3 m right laterally. On scarps more than 2 m high, a free face has persisted for the 245 yr since the scarps were formed in 1739; free faces commonly are 2 to 3 m high. The 1739 fault displacement occurred, at least in part, along an older fault scarp that is estimated from profile analysis to be about 12,000 yr old.

The historical record of destructive earthquakes in the Yinchuan graben since 1010 A.D. includes only one near M 8 in 1739, and only two of approximately M 6.5, one in 1143 and the other in 1477. Average recurrence intervals for major earthquakes comparable to that of 1739 in the Yinchuan graben probably are measured in thousands and possibly ten thousand or more years.
Extremal inversion of travel-time residuals
Authors: Vasco D. W.
Published: July 2021

A technique is presented which determines bounds on velocity structure from travel-time residuals. The problem is first linearized and then discretized using a series expansion method. The solutions derived are extremal in that they minimize or maximize a property of the model. For a given data set, the solutions are unique to the linearized problem. Examples are presented in which bounds are placed on the total velocity anomaly and on the extent of the anomalous body. The method also provides a mapping from bounds on the data to bounds on the velocity distribution. Furthermore, the technique is applicable to one-, two-, or three-dimensional velocity distributions.

As an example, the technique is applied to a set of teleseismic relative residuals recorded at Long Valley caldera, California. Two methods are proposed to deal with negative travel-time residuals. Upper bounds and lower bounds are placed on velocity perturbations at depth. The upper bounds indicate that teleseismic residuals cannot adequately constrain the velocity structure in Long Valley caldera. Lower bounds indicate where velocity perturbations must occur. The presence of a region of low velocity in the northwest portion of the Long Valley caldera, at a depth of 15 to 20 km, is supported. Also a minimum width of 18 km is derived for any anomalous body which could give rise to the observations.
Absorption effects on plane waves in layered media
Authors: Wennerberg Leif , Glassmoyer Gary
Published: July 2021

We present equations which can be used in conjunction with estimates of material properties to determine whether exact linear viscoelastic modeling will give significantly different results from elastic ray calculations. We apply the viscoelastic version of Snell's law to assess the effects of anelasticity on phase velocities, attenuation coefficients, transmission angles, and travel times for a plane wave propagating through a stack of plane viscoelastic layers described by the velocity and Q for a homogeneous wave in each layer.

We include a survey of the viscoelastic theory of plane waves to provide a context for the results. Our analysis shows that the most general version of Snell's law leads to a complex two-dimensional vector ray parameter in which case plane P-wave motion does not decouple from horizontal transverse S-wave motion. We show that in a layered medium the fields generated by a symmetric point source, a vector point force, a double-couple point force, or a plane of tractions corresponding to a complex vector parameter, as well as other “reasonable” sources, can be calculated by integrating over real ray parameters, but in all of these cases, one must consider the coupling in laterally heterogeneous media.

Differences from elastic ray behavior are found to be well correlated with the behavior of the parameter χ≡1+Q-2cos2γ where γ is the angle of inhomogeneity of the wave. We present equations for χ in terms of layer parameters and both the vector ray parameter and incident wave parameters. Examples presented to illustrate the method show significant (5 to 10 per cent) deviations from elastic travel times, and offsets in a given layer may be possible in very lossy layered materials.
Lg attenuation and source studies using 1982 Miramichi data
Authors: Shin T.-C. , Herrmann R. B.
Published: July 2021

Using data from earthquakes in the 1982 Miramichi earthquake source zone, spectral excitation and attenuation of the Lg phase are studied. With data in the distance range of 135 to 994 km, interpretation is complicated by the presence of high-frequency Sn and Pn waves which interfere with the Lg wave. At the larger distances, the signal at frequencies above 7 Hz is completely dominated by the non-Lg arrivals. A frequency-dependent Lg-Q is determined which rises from 300 at 0.5 Hz to about 1400 at 10 Hz, at which it flattens at higher frequency. The Sn coda apparent Q rises above 3000 at frequencies higher than 10 Hz. Seismic moment and corner frequency estimates are made using Lg-Q corrected spectra. The moment estimates compare well with those obtained from long-period surface waves and short distance spectral estimates. The Lg corner frequency estimates are substantially lower than the short distance estimates. This discrepancy is the subject of discussion, but the Lg moment-corner frequency estimates do model observed data well using a Brune (1970) source model and the derived attenuation relation.
System and site noise in the Regional Seismic Test Network from 0.1 to 20 Hz
Authors: Rodgers Peter W. , Taylor Steven R. , Nakanishi Keith K.
Published: July 2021

The Regional Seismic Test Network (RSTN) consists of five broadband, three-component, telemetered seismic stations sited in North America in 100 m boreholes. Examination of both the system noise and the seismic site noise at these stations leads to the following conclusions

It is our conclusion that there is no significant system contamination of regional seismic data recorded by the RSTN and that it records these data with good fidelity.
A stochastic model for site ground motions from temporally dependent earthquakes
Authors: Kiremidjian Anne S. , Suzuki Shigeru
Published: July 2021

A stochastic model is presented for estimating probabilities of exceeding site ground motions due to temporally dependent earthquake events. The model reflects the hypothesized dependence of the size of large earthquake events on the time of occurrence of the last major earthquake. An empirical attenuation relationship is used to describe the ground motion at a site originating from a well-defined fault system. The application of the model to the Middle America Trench is discussed. The seismic hazard potential in Mexico City is computed in terms of probabilities of exceeding peak ground acceleration levels. The results indicate that consideration of the seismic gap is important for estimating the seismic hazard at a site. It is also observed that site hazard estimates are greatly dependent on the specific attenuation relationship used. The need for other approaches of ground motion estimation is recognized.
Seismic response analysis of earth dams under differential ground motion
Authors: Haroun Medhat A. , Abdel-Hafiz Essam A.
Published: July 2021

The effects of amplitude and phase difference of an earthquake motion on the seismic response of long earth dams were studied. The dam was modeled as a two-dimensional shear beam whereas the seismic input, applied at the base of the dam, assumed various forms to reflect the variation of amplitude and phase of the ground motion. A computer program, based on the finite element method, was developed to compute the dam response to each of the assumed base motions. It was noted that the length-to-height ratio of the dam has a marked effect on the dynamic characteristics of the dam and on its seismic response. It was also found that the dam response can be sensitive to the assumed spatial variation of ground motion along its base.
An Investigation of Clinical and Mycological Characteristics
of Onychomycosis in Fishing Villages
Authors: Jin Woo Jung , Cho Gyeong Je , Hong Seong Min , Kim Jong Uk , Seol Jung Eun , Park So Hee , Choi Jong Soo , Kim Ki-Hong , Kim Hyojin
Published: July 2021

Background: Many studies have investigated onychomycosis in various populations. However, no study has been conducted among individuals living in fishing villages, who seem to be more susceptible to onychomycosis.
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, clinical and mycological characteristics, and risk factors of onychomycosis in individuals living in fishing villages located on two small islands.
Methods: Individuals who had resided in fishing villages located on two small islands in Korea were included. Inspection and a questionnaire survey were performed, and clinical assessment and mycological identification using polymerase chain reaction were performed for those diagnosed with onychomycosis on inspection.
Results: Among the 43 subjects enrolled, 32 (74.4%) were clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis. Causative organisms were identified in 23 (53.5%) subjects, and the most common identified causative strain was Trichophyton rubrum (91.3%), followed by Trichophyton species (4.3%) and Candida species (4.3%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type (78.1%), followed by total dystrophic
onychomycosis (12.5%). In 10 subjects (31.3%), five or more nails were affected. Among the patients who received treatment for onychomycosis (n = 19), 66.7% had used only conventional topical agents.
Conclusion: Onychomycosis is more prevalent and more severe in people living in fishing villages than in the general population. These findings suggest that environmental or occupational background should be considered in managing onychomycosis.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Efinaconazole
10% Topical Solution for the Treatment of Toenail
Onychomycosis: A Multicenter, Single-arm,
Open-label Phase 4 Study
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Lee Ji Hyun , Park Joonsoo , Ko Hyun Chang , Choi Jong Soo , Kim Hyojin , Lee Jee Bum , Park Jin , Kim Beom Joon , Lee Yang Won
Published: July 2021

Background: Onychomycosis is a common nail fungal infection that affects the nail bed, plate, and matrix. It accounts for ~50% of all nail diseases. The treatment of onychomycosis includes systemic and topical approaches, which depend on patient compliance, drug penetration and delivery to the nail bed, antifungal efficacy, and
tolerance. Efinaconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent that is active against many pathogenic fungi, and is used for treating onychomycosis.
Objective: To confirm the efficacy and safety of 10% efinaconazole solution for treating onychomycosis.
Methods: This study was conducted as a 52-week, multicenter, open, single-group, phase 4 clinical trial. A 10% efinaconazole solution was applied on the toenails of each subject before bedtime, once a day for 48 weeks. The subjects visited the test facility every four weeks for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the treatment.
Results: At 52 weeks of applying 10% efinaconazole solution, the rates of complete cure, mycological cure, complete or almost complete cure, and clinical effectiveness were 16.7%, 95.8%, 38.54%, and 52.1%, respectively. The clinical effects of efinaconazole were seen in more than half of the subjects. No severe adverse reactions related to efinaconazole were observed.
Conclusion: The antifungal effect and safety of topically applied 10% efinaconazole solution in patients with mild to moderate toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes was confirmed based on the efficacy and safety evaluation for a complete cure.
Medical records at the National Hospital of Iceland: Present status and future
Authors:   Department of medical records and archives, The National Hospital of Iceland, Friðriksdóttir Klara Katrín , Gunnlaugsdóttir Jóhanna ,   School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland, Haraldsdóttir Ragna Kemp ,   School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the research was to examine the status of medical records at the National Hospital in Iceland. The aim was, furthermore, to examine the policy making regarding records among managers and other employees. A research such as this has not been undertaken previously. It provides new knowledge regarding the systematic management of medical records. The academic value of the research is the discovery of how sensitive records are being managed from a legal standpoint as well as information security. The practical value of the research is that its findings can be used as a status evaluation of ongoing assignments and plans within the National Hospital. SUBSTANCE: Qualitative research methods were used for the collection and analysis of the data supported by triangulation and grounded theory. Available written material was examined, interviews were conducted, and participant observations took place. Finally, a focus group was formed. Although the conclusions cannot be generalized, they do provide important indications regarding the state of records management, as a level of saturation was reached in the data collection, and it was deemed unlikely that additional data would have added information of significant value. RESULTS: The findings of the research show that important work has been undertaken to form and implement a policy regarding information and access to records in accordance with law, regulations and international standards. It is obvious that the managers have set themselves ambitious goals in this respect. Moreover, an international certification has been obtained within the health and information technology department regarding information security. CONCLUSIONS: The main problem seems to be twofold: First, a clarification of the administration and responsibility of health records is needed, and second that the hospital has not succeeded in securing enough funds in order to pursue established policies in an effective manner. It was revealed that top management support needs to be strengthened; training and education need improvement and the awareness of hospital staff of their responsibility regarding the security of medical records must be emphasized.
Ecological and Phytogeographical Status and Species Composition of the Phytoplankton in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea)
Authors: ŞAHİN Fatih , BAT Levent , EDİGER Dilek , AL-NAJJAR Tarıq
Published: July 2021

One hundred and seven samples were collected from sea surface from 5 stations along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. 188 species were identified under six phytoplankton classes. Dinoflagellates dominate sixty percent of the total species. Diatoms constituted 38% and other groups represented by 2%. The geographical distribution of the identified species, 37% cosmopolitan, 28% boreal-tropical, 17% tropical, 11% tropical-subtropical, 4% boreal, 2% arcto-boreal and% 1 was determined as subtropical. According to ecological distribution, 88% of the species are marine and 12% marine-brackish origin. Also, 80% of the species are of pelagic origin, and 20% are benthic origin species. The phytoplankton species composition, phytogeographic and ecological distribution and species origins were presented from 2007 through 2008.
Uluslararası İletişim Düzeninin Rejim Kuramına Göre Analizi
Authors: KARSLI DEMİRAĞ Işılay , TOPRAK Elif
Published: July 2021

Uluslararası rejim kuramı, üst otoritenin olmadığı uluslararası politikada aktörlerin karşılıklı olarak üzerinde uzlaştıkları düzenleyici unsurlarla birlikte, uluslararası işbirliğinin mümkün olduğunu varsaymaktadır. İlkeler, normlar, kurallar ve karar alma süreçlerini kapsayan bu düzenleyici unsurlar, anarşik bir yapıda olan uluslararası sistemde düzenin sağlanması için kullanılan araçlardır. İşbirliği temelli rejimler, üç farklı yaklaşımı içermektedir. Liberal rejim yaklaşımı, karşılıklı bağımlılığın olduğu bir dünyada ortak çıkarların varlığı ile rejimlerin kurulabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Güç temelli bir yaklaşım olarak realist kuram ise koordinasyon sorununun olduğu alanlarda rejimlerin oluşmasını desteklemektedir. Bilişsel konstrüktivist yaklaşım ise rejimlerin oluşmasını bilgi toplulukları ile açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası iletişim düzeninin temel bileşenleri olan telekomünikasyon, internet, posta ve fikri mülkiyet alanlarının her birinin kendi içinde belirli ilkelere, kurallara ve kuruluşlara sahip olmasından yola çıkılarak uluslararası iletişim düzeninde rejimlerin rol oynadığının ve kurumsallaşmayı desteklediğinin tartışılmasıdır. Uluslararası iletişim rejimleri; telekomünikasyon rejimi, internet rejimi, posta rejimi ve fikri mülkiyet rejimi şeklinde sınıflandırılarak analiz edilmiş ve içerdikleri düzenleyici unsurlar uluslararası rejim teorisinin realist, liberal ve bilişsel yaklaşımlarına göre tartışılmıştır. Bulgular ışığında, uluslararası iletişim düzeninde reforma yönelik çabalar, söz konusu rejimler için değerlendirilmiş ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Endüstri 4.0 Farkındalığının İnovasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Fatih Ferhat
Published: July 2021

Günümüzde dördüncü sanayi devrimi olarak adlandırılan Endüstri 4.0 aşamasında hızlı teknolojik gelişim ve dönüşüm işletmeleri inovasyon faaliyetlerini yapmaya zorlamaktadır. Ancak Endüstri 4.0 bilgi düzeyinin, inovasyon faaliyetlerini nasıl ve ne şekilde etkilediği konusunda yeterli ampirik araştırma olmadığından çalışmamız bu konudaki boşluğu doldurmaya odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, Endüstri 4.0 farkındalığının inovasyon ve alt boyutları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma örneklemini, Kırşehir ilinde faaliyet gösteren büyük ve orta büyüklükte olan 177 işletme yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği test edilmiş ölçeklerden oluşan anket yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezlerini test etmek için korelasyon analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre Endüstri 4.0 farkındalığı ile inovasyon ve alt boyutları arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular Endüstri 4.0 farkındalığının inovasyonu orta düzeyde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte Endüstri 4.0 farkındalığı inovasyonun boyutlarından ürün inovasyonu ve pazar inovasyonunu orta düzeyde etkilerken, süreç inovasyonunu ve organizasyonel inovasyonu düşük düzeyde etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Son olarak çalışmanın bazı kısıtlarına ve gelecekte araştırma yapacaklara bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Medyadaki Sağlık İçeriklerini Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi
Authors: AYAZ Ferihan , YÜKSEL Erkan
Published: July 2021

Medyadaki sağlık konulu içerikler yaklaşık 20 yıldır gündemde öne çıkan tartışmalardan biridir. Konunun en önemli alt başlığı ise içeriklerdeki ticarileşme olgusudur. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada sağlık konulu içerikleri etkileyen unsurların neler olduğu sorusuna alanyazın taraması, uzman görüşleri ve faktör analiziyle oluşturulan model eşliğinde yanıt verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Alanyazında medya içeriklerini etkileyen unsurlara ilişkin olarak Shoemaker ve Reese'in (2013) bireysel, medya rutinleri, kurumsal düzey, kurum dışı düzey ve ideolojiyi en tepeye yerleştiren ‘etkiler hiyerarşisi modeli’ öne çıkmaktadır. Bu modelden hareketle çalışma kapsamında düzenlenen anket uygulamasıyla 200 sağlık ve medya profesyoneli ile akademisyenin görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Veriler açımlayıcı faktör analiziyle değerlendirilmiş, ulaşılan faktörler, ayrıca 117 farklı uzmanın görüşüyle AMOS programında doğrulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda geliştirilen modelin açıklanması için de 62 uzmanla görüşülerek modele son şekli verilmiştir. Model, özellikle ticari faktörlerin sağlık konulu yayın içeriklerini her düzeyde çeşitli biçimlerde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak medya rutinleri, kurum dışı düzey ve ideolojik düzeyin en baskın düzeyler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Analyzing the Relationship between Citizen Report and Local Crime Occurrence Tendency Using Broken Windows Theory
Authors:   the University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan, Kano Eiji , Tsuda Kazuhiko
Published: July 2021

Municipalities are required to prioritize and solve local problems effectively under human and financial constraints. Preventing local crime is an important challenge among them. One of the major theories of crime prevention is the “broken windows theory,” which states that if a minor crime or a rule infringement is left unaddressed, it may lead to more serious crimes. This theory affected police administrations in some areas, but it was not widely accepted due to problems such as difficulty in verifying its validity and identifying effective measures. There is a possibility that these limitations can be overcome by using data obtained from the citizen report system, which was introduced in municipalities in recent years. This study examines the relationship between local problems and local crimes based on the broken windows theory using citizen report data.
Prospects for Interest-Free Micro Finance in India: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sheikh Irfan Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Despite the growth of Islamic banking and finance, in recent times due attention were given to the issue of Islamic microfinance. It is so because, as per various estimates over two billion people across globe are still living in a miserable poverty which is a global challenge and India not being an exception.  Since the Poverty remains, a continuous challenge throughout the human history so as the efforts to overcome poverty. Among various efforts a conventional micro finance a “new model” received global recognition and a hope. But even if successful stories in bringing development and eradicating poverty by small credit tool to poor and by gaining growing  attentions by world bank , still millennium development goal remains unachieved. The critics’ remains not only restricted to, in reaching all forms of poor rather high unbearable interest rates and avoidance by Muslims due to interest are on debate. As an alternative, Islamic finance has its operations both in Islamic and Non-Islamic countries along Islamic Micro finance.  It is so because Islamic microfinance programs are complement to Islamic banking, both in ideological and in practical terms. Although IMF is still in infancy stage even though growing rapidly. Various experiments either on individual level or group level are mostly practicing Islamic micro credit products. But Islamic micro crediting has not been yet formally reached to people for India. Therefore this study aims to investigate the prospects based on determinants. The target population has been taken a potential benifacries of interest free micro finance. The paper adopts a Quantifiable approach as a Questionnaire distributed in paper format based on stratified sampling with 602 as final responses. The findings shows that in general the community is cognizant of the various terms used in Interest free microfinance but in respects of products/services existing by Islamic microfinance institutes, it indicates the level of awareness is very low.
Адаптація системи управління льотної експлуатації до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації
Authors: Bondik Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

Мета: Метою даної статті є викладення нового підходу до адаптації системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації. Методи: У статті розглянуто два методи виконання, які збільшують ступінь адаптації системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації, такі як: обробки виключень та управління якістю обслуговування. Результати: Наведені адаптивна загальна побудова  системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії та описані взаємозв’язки її компонентів. Обговорення: Запропонований новий підхід дозволить адаптувати систему управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах високого ступеня невизначеності та неповноти інформації.
Вивчення залежності силікатно-полімерних розчинів від концентрації компонентів композиції
Authors: Titova Оlga , Hrushak Zoia , Kravchuk Tetiana
Published: July 2021

Мета: Метою даної статті є дослідження можливості застосування ксантану в якості полімерної добавки до силікатно-гелевих розчинів при розробці композицій для підвищення нафтовіддачі пластів. Проаналізована залежність часу гелеутворення силікатно-полімерних композицій і рН гелеутворюючого розчину при різних концентраціях ксантану і поліакриламіду. Методи дослідження: Для визначення можливості використання ксантану у вигляді полімерної добавки замість поліакриламіду використовували пряме і обернене титрування, потенціометричне титрування, рН-метрію, визначення динамічної в’язкості на ротаційному віскозиметрі, метод одновісного стиснення для визначення модуля пружності. Результати: Для визначення можливості використання ксантану в якості полімерної добавки гелеутворюючої композиції і впливу цього полімеру на динамічну в’язкість гелеутворюючих композицій, міцність гелю, стабільність у часі, можливість руйнування гелю, проводились дослідження по визначенню впливу типу і концентрації полімеру на модуль пружності і синерезис композицій у стані гелю. Обговорення: Дослідження ксантану в якості альтернативного полімеру показало перспективність його використання у нафтовидобувній промисловості. Екологічність технологій розроблених з використанням ксантану, який безпечний для довкілля, не призводить до незворотньої зміни колекторських властивостей пласта. Менша молекулярна маса ксантану у порівнянні з синтетичними полімерами визначають покращені фільтраційні властивості розчинів ксантану, особливо в умовах низької проникності, що також дає можливість проводити більш глибокі обробки пласта.
Актуальные аспекты зарубежного конституционного регулирования прав ребенка (на примере государств-членов Совета Европы)
Authors: Симушин С.В.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей регулирования конституционных прав ребенка в зарубежных государствах-членах Совета Европы. В рамках работы рассмотрены как собственно тексты конституций ряда европейских стран, так и «конституционные блоки» законодательства о правах ребенка. По итогам проведенного правового анализа, автором формулируются выводы по вопросам возможных перспектив применения соответствующего зарубежного опыта в контексте совершенствования регулирования конституционных прав ребенка в России.
Терминология рынка в сфере современного российского государственного управления
Authors: Заварзина Г.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье представлена типология экономических терминологических номинаций, активно функционирующих в сфере современного российского государственного управления. В терминологии рынка выделены и охарактеризованы два лексико-семантических разряда: наименования явлений и понятий, отражающие особенности нового государственного управления в экономике, а также наименования рыночных (экономических) явлений и понятий, характеризующих особенности системы нового государственного управления России. Отмеченное явление обусловлено активным использованием рыночных методов и принципов в построении модели нового управленческого аппарата в Российском государстве.
Article types in saying-proverbial paremias (on the material of the German language)
Authors: Popova V.B.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to show how the functional potential of article types – definite, indefinite, zero types – is manifested in paremias. Scientific novelty: the variability of special features determines the type of the article used, the role of the metaphor and semantics of paremia as a complex of non-variable typified features is emphasized. As a result, it has been proved that in paremias the indefinite article forms nouns with the meaning of polyvariability of individual features, the definite article – with the meaning of monovariability, the zero article – with the meaning of an invariant.
Option of staged treatment of a patient with a gunshot wound to the duodenum.
Authors: Zuykevich Daria Vladimirovna , Semenov Dmitry Yuryevich , Kulikov Dmitry Viktorovich , Chekmasov Yuri Sergeevich , Did-Zurabova Elena Sergeevna , Lazareva Inna Dmitrievna
Published: July 2021

The article presents a method of treatment of patients with multiple duodenal injuries, which consists in implanting a section of the duodenum with a Vater papilla into the small intestine, which avoids complex and traumatic operations on the biliary tract and related complications. We present a clinical case with a follow-up period of 7 years. No data were obtained for the presence of complications in the long-term period.
Evaluation of the Possibility of Fixation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Tissue Introduced into the Portal Vein of the Liver in a Patient Suffering from Cirrhosis
Authors: Kotkas Inna Evgenievna , Asadulaev Shamil Magomedovich , Enukashvili Natella Iosifovna
Published: July 2021

To date, there are quite a large number of reports of the use of stem cells in the treatment of various diseases in humans. However, the authors do not provide credible evidence that the introduced stem cells come directly into the target organ. Without a clear understanding of the location of the introduced stem cells, it is difficult to reliably assess the effect of their use. The article gives its own observation about the possibility of imaging in the human body autologous mesenchymal stem cells introduced through the portal vein of the liver to a patient suffering from cirrhosis. Iron oxide nanoparticles were used as labels. A rather simple question was previously solved: how to create a label of such size that the viability of the stem cell was preserved and it could be visualized in the human body when performing magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal organs. Following in vitro studies, the most appropriate stem cell marking embodiment was chosen to provide both adequate imaging and cell viability. After administration of marked table cells, magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal organs was performed to the patient. The introduced stem cells were visualised only in hepatic tissue. According to clinical and biochemical blood tests - no deviations were detected. There were no complications against the background of this procedure. The patient was discharged for outpatient treatment in satisfactory condition.
Prophylactic "Xymedon" in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Koloshein Nikita A. , Izmailov Sergei G. , Lukoianychev Egor Е. , Leontev Andrey Е. , Bodrov Alexey А. , Rotkov Andrey I.
Published: July 2021

Importance. Surgical procedures have a lot of stress, causing significant violation of the non specific defense mechanisms of the body and the immune system, which requires the use of different pharmacological agents in order to increase natural resistance to infection.Purpose. An analytical review of experimental and clinical research in the direction of studying the effectiveness of the impact of enteral xymedon on reparative process of surgical wounds and tissue non-specific resistance of the organism to infection for the prevention of inflammatory wound complications.Materials and methods. The analysis of experimental and clinical data, dealing with the question of studying the effect of enteral and topical xymedon to repair tissue in the area of the surgical wound and the non-specific resistance to infection.The criteria for the effectiveness of the drug were clinical and laboratory parameters, and statistic methods.Results and their discussion. The analysis of experimental and clinical studies have shown that enteral and topical use xymedon in surgical patients stimulates wound healing surgical site and increases nonspecific resistance to infection by increasing the functional activity of neutrophils, their backup potentials normalize the concentration of a bioactive and immunoreactive fibronectin in blood plasma, improve antimicrobial activity of wound.Conclusions. Xymedon is recommended as an effective means of pharmacological support of wound healing in surgical patients to prevent postoperative wound complications.