bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences between completers and non‐completers of offending behaviour programmes: Impulsivity, social problem‐solving, and criminal thinking
Authors: Palmer Emma J. , Humphries Lisa M.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

This study examined whether there were significant differences between completers and non‐completers of an offending behaviour programme on pre‐programme measures of impulsivity, social problem‐solving, and criminal thinking.

Methods

Participants were 299 male offenders serving a community order with the requirement to attend an offending behaviour programme in England and Wales.

Results

The results showed that non‐completers had significantly higher levels of non‐planning impulsivity than completers. Furthermore, non‐completers were at a higher risk of reconviction. No significant differences were found between completers and non‐completers for social problem‐solving and criminal thinking, as well as no significant differences between the two groups for age.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of retaining high risk and impulsive offenders in treatment programmes.
Prevalence and clinical significance of nodular regenerative hyperplasia in liver biopsies
Authors: Barge Sandrine , Grando Véronique , Nault Jean‐Charles , Broudin Chloé , Beaugrand Michel , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Roulot Dominique , Ziol Marianne
Published: September 2015

Background

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare histological disorder associated with a wide variety of systemic diseases.

Aims

We aimed (i) to report the prevalence of NRH in a database of liver biopsies (LBs) and the frequency of portal hypertension (PHT) at diagnosis, and (ii) to investigate whether associated diseases and/or specific histological lesions, including abnormalities of the microvasculature, were related to PHT.

Methods

Patients with a histological diagnosis of NRH, referred by seven clinical departments, were retrospectively selected. Clinical, biological, radiological, haemodynamic and endoscopic data at diagnosis were recorded. LBs were reassessed for microvascular abnormalities.

Results

NRH was diagnosed in 4.4% of LBs (n = 159, male: 52%, mean age: 54). Among patients referred for unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities, 15% had NRH. PHT was present at diagnosis in 45 patients (38%), including 13 with portal thrombosis; 65% of patients had an associated disorder. Obliteration of portal vein branches, observed in the LBs of 17 patients (11%), was significantly associated with PHT (P = 0.02). Periportal angiomatosis, observed in 101 patients (63%), was associated with the absence of PHT (P < 10−4).

Conclusion

We suggest that NRH is a frequent histological lesion in the setting of unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities. PHT is present at the time of diagnosis in 1/3 of patients regardless of the presence of associated disease. The frequency of periportal angiomatosis in NRH without obliteration of portal vein branches, and its association with the absence of PHT suggest that obstructive portal venopathy would not represent the most frequent mechanism involved in NRH.
Mineralogy, petrology, chronology, and exposure history of the Chelyabinsk meteorite and parent body
Authors: Righter K. , Abell P. , Agresti D. , Berger E. L. , Burton A. S. , Delaney J. S. , Fries M. D. , Gibson E. K. , Haba M. K. , Harrington R. , Herzog G. F. , Keller L. P. , Locke D. , Lindsay F. N. , McCoy T. J. , Morris R. V. , Nagao K. , Nakamura‐Messenger K. , Niles P. B. , Nyquist L. E. , Park J. , Peng Z. X. , Shih C.‐Y. , Simon J. I. , Swisher C. C. , Tappa M. J. , Turrin B. D. , Zeigler R. A.
Published: September 2015

Three masses of the Chelyabinsk meteorite have been studied with a wide range of analytical techniques to understand the mineralogical variation and thermal history of the Chelyabinsk parent body. The samples exhibit little to no postentry oxidation via Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy indicating their fresh character, but despite the rapid collection and care of handling some low levels of terrestrial contamination did nonetheless result. Detailed studies show three distinct lithologies, indicative of a genomict breccia. A light‐colored lithology is LL5 material that has experienced thermal metamorphism and subsequent shock at levels near S4. The second lithology is a shock‐darkened LL5 material in which the darkening is caused by melt and metal‐troilite veins along grain boundaries. The third lithology is an impact melt breccia that formed at high temperatures (~1600 °C), and it experienced rapid cooling and degassing of S2 gas. Portions of light and dark lithologies from Chel‐101, and the impact melt breccias (Chel‐102 and Chel‐103) were prepared and analyzed for Rb‐Sr, Sm‐Nd, and Ar‐Ar dating. When combined with results from other studies and chronometers, at least eight impact events (e.g., ~4.53 Ga, ~4.45 Ga, ~3.73 Ga, ~2.81 Ga, ~1.46 Ga, ~852 Ma, ~312 Ma, and ~27 Ma) are clearly identified for Chelyabinsk, indicating a complex history of impacts and heating events. Finally, noble gases yield young cosmic ray exposure ages, near 1 Ma. These young ages, together with the absence of measurable cosmogenic derived Sm and Cr, indicate that Chelyabinsk may have been derived from a recent breakup event on an NEO of LL chondrite composition.
Coral—the world's most diverse symbiotic ecosystem
Authors: Blackall Linda L. , Wilson Bryan , van Oppen Madeleine J. H.
Published: September 2015

Zooxanthellate corals (i.e. those harbouring Symbiodinium) are the main builders of the world's shallow‐water marine coral reefs. They represent intimate diverse symbioses between coral animals, single‐celled photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), other microscopic eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses. Crabs and other crustaceans, worms, sponges, bivalves and hydrozoans, fishes, sea urchins, octopuses and sea stars are itinerant members of these ‘rainforests of the sea’. This review focuses on the biodiversity of scleractinian coral animals and their best studied microscopic epi‐ and endosymbionts. In relation to coral‐associated species diversity, Symbiodinium internal transcribed spacer region sequence types tally 102–103 or up to ~15 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs, or putative species at the 97% sequence identity level; this cut‐off was chosen based on intragenomic sequence diversity observed in monoclonal cultures) and prokaryotes (mostly bacterial) total 102–104 OTUs. We analysed all publically accessible 16S rRNA gene sequence data and found Gammaproteobacteria were extremely abundant, followed by Alphaproteobacteria. Notably, Archaea were poorly represented and ‘unassigned OTUs’ were abundant in data generated by high‐throughput DNA sequencing studies of corals. We outline and compare model systems that could be used in future studies of the coral holobiont. In our future directions, we recommend a global coral sampling effort including substantial attention being paid to method of coral tissue acquisition, which compartments (mucus, tissue, skeleton) to explore, broadening the holobiont members considered and linking biodiversity with functional investigations.
Functional characterization of Ostreococcus tauri phototropin
Authors: Sullivan Stuart , Petersen Jan , Blackwood Lisa , Papanatsiou Maria , Christie John M.
Published: September 2015

Phototropins (phots) regulate a range of adaptive processes in plants that serve to optimize photosynthetic efficiency and promote growth. Light sensing by Arabidopsis thaliana phots is predominantly mediated by the Light, Oxygen and Voltage sensing 2 (LOV2) flavin‐binding motif located within the N‐terminus of the photoreceptor. Here we characterize the photochemical and biochemical properties of phot from the marine picoalga Ostreococcus tauri phototropin (Otphot) and examine its ability to replace phot‐mediated function in Arabidopsis.

Photochemical properties of Otphot rely on both LOV1 and LOV2. Yet, biochemical analysis indicates that light‐dependent receptor autophosphorylation is primarily dependent on LOV2. As found for Arabidopsis phots, Otphot associates with the plasma membrane and partially internalizes, albeit to a limited extent, in response to blue‐light irradiation.

Otphot is able to elicit a number of phot‐regulated processes in Arabidopsis, including petiole positioning, leaf expansion, stomatal opening and chloroplast accumulation movement. However, Otphot is unable to restore phototropism and chloroplast avoidance movement. Consistent with its lack of phototropic function in Arabidopsis, Otphot does not associate with or trigger dephosphorylation of the phototropic signalling component Non‐Phototropic Hypocotyl 3 (NPH3).

Taken together, these findings indicate that the mechanism of action of plant and evolutionarily distant algal phots is less well conserved than previously thought.
Nutrition and the science of disease prevention: a systems approach to support metabolic health
Authors: Bennett Brian J. , Hall Kevin D. , Hu Frank B. , McCartney Anne L. , Roberto Christina
Published: September 2015

Progress in nutritional science, genetics, computer science, and behavioral economics can be leveraged to address the challenge of noncommunicable disease. This report highlights the connection between nutrition and the complex science of preventing disease and discusses the promotion of optimal metabolic health, building on input from several complementary disciplines. The discussion focuses on (1) the basic science of optimal metabolic health, including data from gene–diet interactions, microbiome, and epidemiological research in nutrition, with the goal of defining better targets and interventions, and (2) how nutrition, from pharma to lifestyle, can build on systems science to address complex issues.
Viscoelastic response of the midpalatal suture during maxillary expansion treatment
Authors: Romanyk D. L. , Shim C. , Liu S. S. , Lagravere M. O. , Major P. W. , Carey J. P.
Published: September 2015

Structured Abstract

Objectives

The viscoelastic response of the midpalatal suture during maxillary expansion treatment has been sparsely studied. The aim of our study was to use viscoelastic models to investigate the effect of appliance mechanics on sutural tissue.

Materials and Methods

Four creep‐strain models were utilized in predicting the midpalatal suture's response to a constant‐force application during expansion treatment. The functional forms included a three‐term separable, three‐term inseparable, two‐term inseparable, and single‐term arrangement. The functions were then transformed into subsequent stress‐relaxation representations to predict suture response as a result of 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, and 0.10 mm displacements. Finally, the single‐term creep‐strain representation was altered to simulate treatment decaying force during treatment. A force that decays 30 and 10% of an initially applied 0.98 N was considered for decaying functions over a 6‐week period, and compared to strain resulting from a constant‐force application.

Results

This analysis illustrated that the decay in suture strain closely followed decay in force and that the path of decay had minimal impact on overall results. Also, it was found that a single screw activation would likely not cause suture soft tissue failure, even for a 0.25 mm displacement, and that suture stress rapidly decayed within minutes of activation.

Conclusion

Results from this study support the notion of maintaining a low‐magnitude constant traction on the suture during treatment to avoid soft tissue failure and promote tissue remodeling.
Autoantibodies against β1‐Adrenergic Receptors: Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Renal Function
Authors: MICHELUCCI ANTONIO , D'ELIOS MARIO MILCO , STICCHI ELENA , PIERAGNOLI PAOLO , RICCIARDI GIUSEPPE , FATINI CINZIA , BENAGIANO MARISA , NICCOLAI ELENA , GRASSI ALESSIA , ATTANÀ PAOLA , NESTI MARTINA , GRIFONI GINO , PADELETTI LUIGI , ABBATE ROSANNA , PRISCO DOMENICO
Published: September 2015

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) nonresponse remains a major clinical problem. Autoantibodies specific for the β1‐adrenergic (β1‐AAbs) and muscarinic (M2‐AAbs) receptors are found in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) of various etiologies.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 73 HF patients (median age 67 years, 84% males, New York Heart Association II–IV, in sinus rhythm, left ventricular ejection fraction <35%) who received CRT defibrillator (CRT‐D) from 2010 to 2013. β1‐AAbs and M2‐AAbs were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Echocardiography was used to assess CRT response (reduction >15% in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at 6 months follow‐up). Renal function (RF) parameters (creatinine [Cr], blood urea nitrogen [BUN], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR Modified Diet in Renal Disease], cystatin C [Cys‐C], and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL]) were also evaluated.

Results

A significantly higher percentage of patients positive for β1‐AAbs (OD sample/OD reference ratio >2.1) in nonresponders than in responder patients was observed (57% vs 27%, P = 0.004). No influence of M2‐AAbs on CRT‐D response was demonstrated. β1‐AAbs were predictive of a poor CRT‐D response (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 3.64 [1.49–8.88], P = 0.005), also after adjustment for RF parameters (OR [95% CI] 4.95 [1.51–16.26], P = 0.008) observed to influence CRT‐D response (Cr P = 0.03, BUN P = 0.009, Cys‐C P = 0.02). The positive rates of β1‐AABs in patients with abnormal blood level of Cr, eGFR, Cys‐C, and NGAL were significantly higher than those with normal levels (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, P = 0.001, P = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that (1) the evaluation of β1‐AAb is useful to identify responders to CRT‐D; (2) the presence of β1‐AAbs is in relationship with elevated renal function parameters.
Extrinsic factors can mediate resistance to BRAF inhibition in central nervous system melanoma metastases
Authors: Seifert Heike , Hirata Eishu , Gore Martin , Khabra Komel , Messiou Christina , Larkin James , Sahai Erik
Published: September 2015

Here, we retrospectively review imaging of 68 consecutive unselected patients with BRAF V600‐mutant metastatic melanoma for organ‐specific response and progression on vemurafenib. Complete or partial responses were less often seen in the central nervous system (CNS) (36%) and bone (16%) compared to lung (89%), subcutaneous (83%), spleen (71%), liver (85%) and lymph nodes/soft tissue (83%), P < 0.001. CNS was also the most common site of progression.

Based on this, we tested in vitro the efficacy of the BRAF inhibitors PLX4720 and dabrafenib in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Exogenous CSF dramatically reduced cell death in response to both BRAF inhibitors. Effective cell killing was restored by co‐administration of a PI‐3 kinase inhibitor.

We conclude that the efficacy of vemurafenib is variable in different organs with CNS being particularly prone to resistance. Extrinsic factors, such as ERK‐ and PI3K‐activating factors in CSF, may mediate BRAF inhibitor resistance in the CNS.
The Underexplored Species: Selective Participation in Direct Democratic Votes
Authors: Sciarini Pascal , Cappelletti Fabio , Goldberg Andreas C. , Lanz Simon
Published: September 2015

While electoral research usually distinguishes voters from abstainers, in the Swiss direct democratic context one needs to take into account a third category of citizens, the selective voters, who decide anew at each vote whether they will participate or not. This article offers an investigation of this common but under‐researched form of participation. To that end, we take advantage of a unique data‐set linking official turnout data with survey data. Our results show that selective voters constitute the bulk of the electorate. While they form a heterogeneous group in terms of socio‐demographic characteristics, selective voters lean more towards abstainers than towards permanent voters with respect to political variables. We argue that this is not necessarily bad news in terms of democratic theory.
Who, What, Where: an analysis of private sector family planning provision in 57 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Campbell Oona M. R. , Benova Lenka , Macleod David , Goodman Catherine , Footman Katharine , Pereira Audrey L. , Lynch Caroline A.
Published: September 2015

Objective

Family planning service delivery has been neglected; rigorous analyses of the patterns of contraceptive provision are needed to inform strategies to address this neglect.

Methods

We used 57 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2000–2013) in four geographic regions to estimate need for contraceptive services, and examined the sector of provision, by women's socio‐economic position. We also assessed method mix and whether women were informed of side effects.

Results

Modern contraceptive use among women in need was lowest in sub‐Saharan Africa (39%), with other regions ranging from 64% to 72%. The private sector share of the family planning market was 37–39% of users across the regions and 37% overall (median across countries: 41%). Private sector users accessed medical providers (range across regions: 30–60%, overall mean: 54% and median across countries 23%), specialised drug sellers (range across regions: 31–52%, overall mean: 36% and median across countries: 43%) and retailers (range across regions: 3–14%, overall mean: 6% and median across countries: 6%). Private retailers played a more important role in sub‐Saharan Africa (14%) than in other regions (3–5%). NGOs and FBOs served a small percentage. Privileged women (richest wealth quintile, urban residents or secondary‐/tertiary‐level education) used private sector services more than the less privileged. Contraceptive method types with higher requirements (medical skills) for provision were less likely to be acquired from the private sector, while short‐acting methods/injectables were more likely. The percentages of women informed of side effects varied by method and provider subtype, but within subtypes were higher among public than private medical providers for four of five methods assessed.

Conclusion

Given the importance of private sector providers, we need to understand why women choose their services, what quality services the private sector provides, and how it can be improved. However, when prioritising one of the two sectors (public vs. private), it is critical to consider the potential impact on contraceptive prevalence and equity of met need.
HIV‐positive blood donors unaware of their sexual at‐risk behaviours before donation in Italy
Authors: Raimondo M. , Facco G. , Regine V. , Pupella S. , Grazzini G. , Suligoi B.
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives

Despite the procedures adopted for the selection of blood donors, in Italy the HIV prevalence per 100 000 repeat tested donors (RTD) and first‐time tested donors (FTD) is high compared to most other Council of Europe member states. To evaluate the effectiveness of predonation procedures, we studied both the characteristics and the undisclosed risk behaviours of HIV‐positive donors.

Materials and Methods

We analysed the data from the Italian blood donor surveillance system in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Based on the postdonation interview, HIV‐positive donors were classified by risk behaviour (heterosexual, MSM, ‘non‐sexual’ and ‘not determined’) and by time elapsed from risk behaviour to donation. In Italy, the temporary deferral for exposure to behaviour at risk is 4 months.

Results

In the postdonation interview, 113 HIV‐positive donors (32·4%), who denied at‐risk behaviours in the predonation selection, reported sexual risk behaviours <4 months prior to donation; they were predominantly males (84·1%) and RTD (63·7%). The main reason for not having reported the risk behaviour in the predonation selection was ‘not realizing having engaged in at‐risk behaviour’ (66·4%).

Conclusion

These findings underline the need for more comprehensible educational material, a clearer predonation questionnaire, and effective information campaigns to improve the awareness of HIV sexual risk behaviours among blood donors.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Stabilizing Function of Three Atlantoaxial Implants Under Shear Loading: A Canine Cadaveric Study
Authors: Riedinger Benoit , Bürki Alexander , Stahl Christina , Howard Judith , Forterre Franck
Published: September 2015

Objective

To compare the biomechanical properties of a ventral transarticular lag screw fixation technique, a new dorsal atlantoaxial instability (AAI) clamp, and a new ventral AAI hook plate under sagittal shear loading after transection of the ligaments of the atlantoaxial joint.

Study Design

Cadaveric biomechanical study.

Animals

Canine cadavers (n = 10).

Materials and Methods

The occipitoatlantoaxial region of Beagles euthanatized for reasons unrelated to the study was prepared leaving only ligamentous structures and the joint capsules between the first 2 cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2). The atlanto‐occipital joints were stabilized with 2 transarticular diverging positive threaded K‐wires. The occipital bone and the caudal end of C2 were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate and loaded in shear to a force of 50 Newtons. The range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) of the atlantoaxial joint were determined after 3 loading cycles with atlantoaxial ligaments intact, after ligament transection, and after fixation with each implant. The testing order of implants was randomly assigned. The implants tested last were subjected to failure testing.

Results

All stabilization procedures decreased the ROM and NZ of the atlantoaxial joint compared to transected ligament specimens. Only stabilization with transarticular lag screws and ventral plates produced a significant reduction of ROM compare to intact specimens.

Conclusion

Fixation with transarticular lag screws and a ventral hook plate was biomechanically similar and provided more rigidity compared to dorsal clamp fixation. Further load cycling to failure tests and clinical studies are required before making clinical recommendations.
Toward a Coalition in Support of the Awareness and Identity of New Academic Workers in Mexican Higher Education
Authors: Ramos Arturo , Lechuga María Teresa
Published: September 2015

The neoliberal policies implemented since the 1980s in Mexico and the world have deteriorated conditions of academic work measures imposing labor flexibility and precariousness for most teachers in higher education. This New Academic Majority needs a political revival. The reorganization of this sector becomes an urgent task for academics and their unions.
Adjunct Faculty and NFL Referees: The Appropriation of Value from Professional Part‐Time Workers
Authors: Lengermann Patricia , Niebrugge Gillian
Published: September 2015

This article distinguishes a particular category of “part‐time worker”—the professional who works part‐time—and traces how such workers have the value of their professional skill appropriated by their employers. We do this by a comparison of the NFL Referees' Strike of 2012—NFL referees are part‐time employees—with the debate over whether adjunct faculty should be covered by the terms of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These two seemingly disparate labor actions are joined in the analysis by the fact that both involved a series of textual constructions. These textual constructions are explored using sociologist Dorothy E. Smith's patterning of modern global capitalism as a system divided into “the local actualities of lived experience” where the world's work is done and “the extra‐local relations of ruling” where “texts” are created that pattern and appropriate that work. We consider the NFL Referees' Strike as a “teachable moment” when public attention was turned to a labor issue; we then question whether the debate over the ACA and adjunct faculty might serve the same purpose. We conclude that the diversity among adjunct faculty in terms of their financial and career relation to adjunct teaching—which contrasts with a uniformity among NFL referees—makes it hard to craft a unifying message. We end by suggesting that the relations of ruling are perhaps well served by the current lack of information about adjunct faculty, a lack that makes it hard for organizers to mobilize them.
Expanding Our Struggle: Higher Education as a Common Good
Authors: Kroik Polina
Published: September 2015

While recognizing the achievements of the adjunct faculty movement, this commentary piece argues for a more radical approach to the struggle for equity. In order to combat the neoliberal privatization or “enclosure” of higher education which underlies the exploitation of faculty and students, faculty activists ought to emphasize the understanding that higher education is a common good, and that such education should be much more accessible and democratic than it has ever been in the past. By making this conceptualization of higher education central to our struggle, we can strengthen our movement and build true solidarity with students and community groups.
Reflections on COCAL XI: The Search for Professional Identity
Authors: Michalczyk Susan A.
Published: September 2015

The essay revolves around issues facing non‐tenure track faculty (contingent labor) in academia today, as assessed by participants in COCAL XI sessions, addressing a dysfunctional hierarchical structure between tenure‐track and non‐tenure track faculty that perpetuates false distinctions about professional qualifications and professional commitment. The goal: to bring to light the stereotypes that distort the value and contributions of non‐tenure track faculty, so as to restore respect and value for all members of the profession. The essay offers suggestions for strengthening the professional identity of contingent faculty in light of the changes in the hiring process in higher education today through ideas developed at the conference, and additional examples from the author's personal university experience. The importance of educating those outside the academic community about the inequalities that exist for contingent faculty, while working toward solidarity among all faculty, remains a critical factor in the on‐going discussion.
The Birth of a Contingent Faculty Activist
Authors: Wiegard Anne
Published: September 2015

What follows is a transcript of a telephone interview conducted on October 10, 2014 with Kim Laffont, founder of the South Florida Faculty Association. In 2013, Kim and her partner Julian, who is an independent filmmaker, began work on a documentary about the employment issues Kim (shown in the photo on the left in a white skirt) was experiencing in her adjunct positions at community colleges. Her communications with colleagues as she began work on the film led to the inception of organizing the South Florida Faculty Association. In January of 2015, Kim obtained a full‐time job at a community college; her professional obligations do not include teaching.

Kim was interviewed by Anne Wiegard, an executive board member of United University Professions (affiliated with New York State United Teachers and American Federation of Teachers). Judy Olson, a representative on the Lecturers' Council of the California Faculty Association (affiliated with California Teachers Association and National Education Association) and Chair of the NEA Contingent Faculty Caucus, served as the scribe. The interviewer's questions appear in bold type.
Risk Prioritization Tool to Identify the Public Health Risks of Wildlife Trade: The Case of Rodents from Latin America
Authors: Bueno I. , Smith K.M. , Sampedro F. , Machalaba C.C. , Karesh W.B. , Travis D.A.
Published: September 2015

Wildlife trade (both formal and informal) is a potential driver of disease introduction and emergence. Legislative proposals aim to prevent these risks by banning wildlife imports, and creating ‘white lists’ of species that are cleared for importation. These approaches pose economic harm to the pet industry, and place substantial burden on importers and/or federal agencies to provide proof of low risk for importation of individual species. As a feasibility study, a risk prioritization tool was developed to rank the pathogens found in rodent species imported from Latin America into the United States with the highest risk of zoonotic consequence in the United States. Four formally traded species and 16 zoonotic pathogens were identified. Risk scores were based on the likelihood of pathogen release and human exposure, and the severity of the disease (consequences). Based on the methodology applied, three pathogens (Mycobacterium microti, Giardia spp. and Francisella tularensis) in one species (Cavia porcellus) were ranked as highest concern. The goal of this study was to present a methodological approach by which preliminary management resources can be allocated to the identified high‐concern pathogen–species combinations when warranted. This tool can be expanded to other taxa and geographic locations to inform policy surrounding the wildlife trade.
El Cerrito del Carmen: caso de estudio de los riesgos del patrimonio urbano de la ciudad de Guatemala
Authors: Ramírez Klee Nelly Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

El artículo surgió de la necesidad de documentar y denunciar las problemáticas, amenazas y riesgos del patrimonio urbano de la ciudad de Guatemala a través del caso de estudio del Cerrito del Carmen y la inminente construcción de una plaza de juegos extremos en este conjunto patrimonial. Para entender y dimensionar el impacto que traería este proyecto, se hizo un estudio del sitio a través del uso de la Guía metodológica para el análisis de tejidos urbanos  históricos que elaboré como trabajo de tesis de maestría (2012). Se tomaron como base los ejes de investigación y diagnóstico utilizando herramientas metodológicas como encuestas, entrevistas, fichas de valoración, matriz de Vester y Marco Lógico. Como resultado se lograron identificar los valores culturales del sitio, su significado cultural, los principales problemas, amenazas y riesgos, además se pudo comprobar que existe apropiación de los vecinos y visitantes con el Cerrito del Carmen. Este artículo busca, además de evidenciar las problemáticas a través de un caso de estudio pendiente de resolución, poner de manifiesto lo importante e indispensable de la participación ciudadana en procesos que involucran el patrimonio como parte esencial de la vida de los habitantes y su barrio.
Patrimonialización comunitaria en barrios de Santiago: Los casos de las zonas típicas de Viel y Yungay
Authors: Uribe Carrasco Natalia
Published: September 2015

Desde un punto de vista político y participativo, el presente artículo expone dos casos altamente paradigmáticos en relación al Patrimonio Nacional y el activismo ciudadano en Chile: las zonas típicas o pintorescas de los barrios Viel y Yungay-Brasil, ubicados ambos en la comuna de Santiago, y declarados como zonas patrimoniales por el Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales en 2009. Se utiliza el concepto de patrimonio tanto en su componente material como inmaterial, constituyéndolo como una expresión significativa de la identidad humana; a su vez, se valoriza el impacto de la participación ciudadana en la patrimonialización de los barrios. Mediante el uso de entrevistas, revisión de prensa y observaciones en los barrios, se concluye que el proceso de patrimonialización generado por las comunidades
locales en ambos casos y consolidado en 2009, representa una alternativa real para generar una efectiva valoración del lugar en donde se habita, el cual, además, posee riesgos que pueden afectar tanto al patrimonio en sí mismo como el bienestar de la comunidad. Para futuras investigaciones se sugiere trabajar en torno a la institucionalidad patrimonial chilena y al impacto de los migrantes en zonas patrimoniales.
Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial en la era digital: la experiencia de Villa Mitre 3.0
Authors: Cantamutto Lucía
Published: September 2015

Este artículo considera la naturaleza de los nuevos dispositivos de comunicación o interfaces artefactuales (Gobato, 2014) en los procesos de salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial. A partir de una revisión crítica del proyecto Villa Mitre 3.0, que fue llevado a cabo en una ciudad argentina entre 2010 y 2012, nos focalizamos en las fortalezas y debilidades de la propuesta para comprender su significado social en la comunidad donde fue desarrollado. A través de la coordinación de varios proyectos personales e institucionales se puso en marcha Villa Mitre 3.0, un archivo histórico participativo y multimedia sobre el barrio de Villa Mitre y otros aledaños, pensado a partir de la georreferencialidad de los relatos. Villa Mitre 3.0, fue pensado como un proyecto de cartografía interactiva y participativa, orientado a la producción, investigación y difusión de la cultura digital y la recuperación y preservación de la memoria colectiva desde la confluencia del arte, la ciencia, la tecnología y la sociedad.
La construcción de lo sustentable ante escenarios socioambientales de riesgo en el lago de Chapala
Authors: Hernández-García Adriana
Published: September 2015

El lago de Chapala es una de las riquezas ambientales, naturales, sociales y culturalesde Jalisco y México. Los pueblos ribereños, de pescadores y campesinos construyeronuna cultura lacustre local hasta el siglo xix, mediante el uso de los recursos de formasustentable para el autoabastecimiento y venta local-regional de los productosdel lago. El siglo xx trajo transformaciones en las comunicaciones terrestres queimpulsaron la economía y las transportaciones interestatales, ocasionando entreotros impactos la sobreutilización del lago y de sus recursos. Para la segunda décadadel siglo xxi, la economía global ha permeado aún más las condiciones del lago, através de nuevos actores sociales, económicos y políticos, así como de una políticapública que ha causado mayor disminución y contaminación del lago, y tambiénde los habitantes ribereños tradicionales.
Mitigación en la selva, adaptación en la sierra y la costa: ¿Oportunidades perdidas de sinergias frente al cambio climático en Perú
Authors: Chazarin Florie , Locatelli Bruno , Garay-Rodríguez Miluzka
Published: September 2015

Las respuestas al cambio climático incluyen la adaptación, que aborda cómo resistira los impactos de las variaciones del clima, y la mitigación, que busca reducir laemisión de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera, causa del cambio climático.A menudo, ambas respuestas se implementan de forma separada, aunque existemucho potencial de sinergias entre una y otra, particularmente en el sector forestal,la agricultura y el uso del suelo. Este estudio analiza las oportunidades de vincularacciones de adaptación con las de mitigación, y viceversa, tomando como ejemplocasos de Perú. Se revisaron y mapearon proyectos e investigaciones científicas sobreadaptación y mitigación del cambio climático en los bosques, el uso de la tierra yla agricultura en Perú. Se obtuvo que la mayoría de las iniciativas e investigacionesrelacionadas con la adaptación se ubica en las regiones sierra y costa, mientras que las de mitigación se encuentran en la selva. La marcada separación de los ámbitosgeográficos entre iniciativas de adaptación y de mitigación sugiere que hay unapérdida de oportunidades de sinergias entre ambas estrategias para enfrentar al cambio climático.
Recursos hídricos, movilidad social territorial para su aprovechamiento y derecho humano al agua en comunidades de la mixteca baja de Puebla, México
Authors: Ocampo Ignacio , Villareal Luis
Published: September 2015

En países pobres numerosas comunidades rurales aún no tienen acceso a una fuentemejorada de agua, su aprovisionamiento está sujeto a la disponibilidad en el territorioy a las acciones que las comunidades humanas establezcan con su entorno. Esteestudio tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones que las familias de una regiónsemiárida del sur del estado de Puebla, México, han establecido con su territoriopara tener acceso a los recursos hídricos y si el volumen adquirido es suficiente parasatisfacer las necesidades básicas, de conformidad con los parámetros establecidospor las Naciones Unidas, Observación General número 15, adoptada por elComité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales: Disponibilidad, calidad yaccesibilidad física, económica, no discriminación y acceso a la información.
Variables hidrometereológicas asociadas al cambio climático en Girardot y la Región del Alto Magdalena
Authors: Penagos Cruz Genaro
Published: September 2015

Hoy la región del Alto Magdalena cuenta con ocho estaciones de monitoreo,administradas principalmente por el Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y EstudiosAmbientales (Ideam) y la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR),lo cual evidencia que existe un registro incompleto de la variables climáticas, razón porlo cual es necesario aplicar una metodología para el arreglo estadístico de datos quecombine conceptos como la doble masa, el análisis comparativo del comportamiento,la tendencia y el ajuste estacional, los cuales facilitan la consolidación de la materiaprima para la construcción de escenarios de cambio climático a partir de laimplementación de simuladores regionales del clima que respondan a la necesidad deevaluar la vulnerabilidad de Girardot frente a esta problemática.
Información financiera prospectiva: análisis comparado de su normalización y evidencia empírica
Authors: Ibáñez-Jiménez Eva María , Muñoz-Merchante Ángel
Published: September 2015

Este artículo contribuye a mejorar el conocimientode las prácticas divulgativas de información financieraprospectiva, mediante una revisión de la normativacontable internacional y de la evidencia empírica. En primerlugar, el análisis comparativo de la normalización deeste tipo de información se aborda desde dos perspectivas.Por una parte, se identificaron los principios de adhesiónvoluntaria, recomendados por los más prestigiosos organismoscontables del mundo en las guías internacionales parala elaboración del Informe de gestión de las compañías cotizadas(ASB, 2006; CA, 2009a; CNMV, 2013; FRC, 2013;IASB, 2010; SEC, 2003). Por otra, se revisaron las normascontables que exigen, por imperativo legal, informaciónfinanciera prospectiva. Se eligieron tres casos de estudio:Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá, países que gozande una mayor tradición en este ámbito. Posteriormente, seanalizó la evidencia empírica que trata la información financieraprospectiva. Como resultado, se identificaron lasmetodologías aplicadas (análisis del contenido e índicesde divulgación), las líneas de investigación abiertas en estecampo y las principales conclusiones alcanzadas por losinvestigadores. Nuestro análisis confirma la utilidad de lainformación prospectiva para los inversores, así como suslimitaciones —escasez y sesgo en las previsiones—.
Ética y contabilidad de gestión. Un camino posible hacia el logro de objetivos
Authors: Mina-Balanta Serveleón
Published: September 2015

El objetivo de este documento es dejar verque la ética —como parte de la realidad humana— y la contabilidadde gestión —como motor que jalona el desempeñode las actividades internas de las organizaciones bajocriterios de planeación y control— pueden ser una fórmulanecesaria para el quehacer exitoso en el campo personal,laboral y profesional, al propulsar el trabajo de equipo en laconsecución de los objetivos y la construcción de hábitosque propendan por un mejor futuro para todas las personasque formen parte del proyecto que se emprenda, puesinduce a los gestores empresariales a tomar conciencia deque los clientes internos y externos son su razón de ser yde que la importancia de la ética comienza cuando los sereshumanos logramos convertir en hábito positivamente nuestromodo vivencial y de conducta; entendemos el hábitocomo una disposición comportamental perdurable frenteal cumplimiento de las responsabilidades con objetividad yasimilamos que la ética persistentemente fortalece el deseode mejorar para ayudar a percibir el mundo como es y nosimplemente como queremos que sea según nuestra conveniencia.
Tendencias en contabilidad de gestión: una mirada a su evolución (finales del siglo XIX y siglo XX)
Authors: Salgado-Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: September 2015

La contabilidad de gestión es consideradacomo un componente importante de la división disciplinarde la contabilidad. Aquella está influenciada por porcontextos económicos y sociales y se inserta en un marcotemporal que la configura. Estos tiempos y contextos particularesinfluyen y son influidos por el significado, el sentidoy las prácticas contables. El recorrido por algunos hitos deldesarrollo que conforman la evolución en la contabilidadgerencial en el ámbito internacional, se puede agrupar entendencias que han sido objeto de reflexión académica y deaplicación en las unidades empresariales. Con un enfoquedescriptivo, se pretende mostrar los recorridos desde unavisión de lo histórico, y lo académico investigativo, pararesaltar los principales aportes en ambos campos. El nacimientode la contabilidad de gestión se muestra desde losentornos organizacionales de producción, que cada vez másson objeto de mayor reflexión e investigación, que se ha establecidoen la actualidad como componente fundamentaldel conocimiento disciplinar contable.
Estado de flujos de efectivo: aplicación de razonamientos algebraicos y de la NIC 7
Authors: Duque Sánchez Alicia Patricia
Published: September 2015

El presente documento explica cómo elaborar el Estado de Flujos de Efectivo, EFE, al aplicar razonamientos algebraicos, contables y la NIC 7. Las explicaciones específicas se basan en un caso expresado con símbolos de letras en lugar de las cifras, el cual corresponde a un ejemplo sencillo de una empresa comercial que incorpora los otros tres estados financieros, políticas contables e información adicional requerida. Lo expuesto constituye una demostración matemático-contable de la manera como se construye la estructura de presentación del Estado de Flujos de Efectivo por el método directo, a partir de la doble ecuación vertical del Estado de Situación Financiera. El estudio riguroso de esta demostración posibilita su aplicación en casos prácticos de las organizaciones, por lo cual constituye un reto para fortalecer las habilidades de pensamiento de orden superior, con el aprendizaje a partir del texto.
Informe de sostenibilidad. Criterios y procedimientos en el mapeo de stakeholders. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Palacios Clide Lidia , Coppa Carlos Rafael
Published: September 2015

Dada la importancia de la identificación y clasificación de stakeholders en el proceso de elaboración de los informes de sostenibilidad, y ante el riesgo de considerar arbitrariamente a los individuos o grupos más ruidosos o a quienes sean afines o estén cerca de los dueños o gerentes, nos proponemos analizar la aplicación de criterios y procedimientos conducentes a una adecuada determinación de stakeholders. Con la finalidad de ilustrar de modo práctico los criterios y procedimientos empleados, describimos el perfil de una PyME que está en proceso de elaboración de su primer informe de sostenibilidad. Aplicamos los criterios enunciados en la norma AA1000SES de AccountAbility (2011) a la propuesta contenida en una publicación de aprendizaje de Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). La aplicación metodológica realizada nos permitió de forma verdaderamente representativa identificar, para esta empresa, a sus grupos de interés y establecer prioridades para contactarlos. El mapeo de stakeholders realizado es consistente con el concepto de sostenibilidad: considera los aspectos económicos, sociales y medioambientales, abarca la temporalidad presente y futura, y las consecuencias del accionar recíproco entre los stakeholders y la organización.
Prácticas de valoración y gobierno corporativo: medios para la resignificación del control en las organizaciones colombianas
Authors: Pardo López Steven
Published: September 2015

Los procesos de convergencia hacia Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) y de adopción del modelo de gobierno corporativo (GC) anglosajón, presentes en Colombia durante los últimos años, han contribuido a la estructuración de un contexto en el que las finanzas han aumentado su trascendencia en la definición de relaciones entre agentes organizacionales. En este sentido, el presente artículo busca aportar elementos para la comprensión del papel de las prácticas de valoración y de gobierno de empresa en la redefinición de la realidad organizacional colombiana, con énfasis en el valor razonable y en el modelo de GC anglosajón. Se concluye que las prácticas de valoración y de GC alineadas con una visión estática de la empresa se han consolidado como referentes en Colombia por cuenta de un rol instrumental que favorece la liberalización financiera y el fortalecimiento de la relación empresa-mercados financieros, al modificar la noción de control de los acuerdos contractuales en las organizaciones e incidir en el incremento de las asimetrías de negociación en favor de los poseedores del capital financiero. 
Alimentação, sistema agroalimentar e os consumidores: novas conexões para o desenvolvimento rural
Authors: Triches Rozane Marcia , Schneider Sergio
Published: September 2015

Propomos abordar o movimento de conexão e desconexão da cadeia de abastecimento dada pelas relaçõesintermediadas pelo alimento. Evidenciamos que há uma hegemonia do sistema agroalimentar global quedistanciou quem produz e quem consome com conseqüências para ambos, gerando movimentos de críticae contestação que propõem novas relações de reaproximação entre estas esferas. De outro lado, há umalacuna entre produção e consumo do ponto de vista teórico/analítico e a sociologia da alimentação pode serconsiderada como potencial campo de ligação para entender estas dinâmicas. Há necessidade de salientar aalimentação, os sistemas agroalimentares e consumo nos estudos do desenvolvimento rural.
Reconfiguración de la pobreza en Chile: un análisis comparativo entre los espacios rurales y urbanos
Authors: Cabas Monje Juan , Vallejos Cartes Rosana , Garrido Henríquez Héctor Manuel
Published: September 2015

Chile ha reducido de manera acelerada sus niveles de pobreza, especialmente en áreas rurales. A lo anterior,se suman las transformaciones en diversos ámbitos que han experimentado los espacios rurales que han dadopaso a una nueva ruralidad. Este estudio permite cuantificar la importancia de estos cambios estructuralesacaecidos sobre las áreas rurales y urbanas para el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2011 sobre lareducción de la pobreza. Los resultados de esta investigación advierten un cambio profundo en la interacciónde los hogares rurales con su entorno.
De la Biblioteca de Babel a la casa de papel
Authors: Perilli Carmen
Published: September 2015

Este ensayo trabaja las representaciones de la biblioteca en “La Biblioteca de Babel” de Jorge Luis Borges, Cien años de soledad de Gabriel García Márquez y La casa de papel de Carlos María Domínguez. Para Borges la biblioteca es una institución intemporal e infinita que encierra la totalidad de la lengua y metáfora del universo. García Márquez le reserva un lugar reducido: un cuarto donde se encuentran libros antiguos en idiomas extraños y un manuscrito profético, doble de la novela. En La casa de papel, un profesor a quien un extraño ejemplar de Conrad lleva de Cambridge a Montevideo se encuentra con la trágica historia de un bibliófilo que, perdido el catálogo, construye una casa de papel en la playa pero no logra aniquilar la memoria de la biblioteca.
Un fantasma recorre el Uruguay: la reemergencia charrúa en un “país sin indios”
Authors: Verdesio Gustavo
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo estudia la reemergencia de la etnicidad charrúa en Uruguay, un país que se ha imaginado a sí mismo, por lo menos desde ﬁnes del siglo XIX, como carente de indígenas. En el marco de un clima relativamente reciente de descolonización y de avance de las agendas políticas y sociales indígenas, los militantes de los grupos reemergentes presentan un desafío importante a las narrativas de la nación predominantes en Uruguay.