bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A grid of self-consistent MSG (MARCS-StaticWeather-GGchem) cool stellar, sub-stellar, and exoplanetary model atmospheres
Authors: Jørgensen Uffe G. , Amadio Flavia , Campos Estrada Beatriz , Møller Kristian Holten , Schneider Aaron D. , Balduin Thorsten , D’Alessandro Azzurra , Symeonidou Eftychia , Helling Christiane , Nordlund Åke , Woitke Peter
Published: August 2024

Context. In this paper we present a grid of self-consistent 1D model atmospheres of cool stars, sub-stellar objects, and exoplanets in the effective temperature range 300-3000 K, including cloud formation, chemical non-equilibrium effects, and stellar irradiation.

Aims. The new grid extends the classical MARCS model atmosphere grid from 2008 towards lower effective temperatures and a broader range of object types.

Methods. The new model atmosphere computations, MSG, are based on a combination of three well-tested codes, the classical MARCS 1D atmospheres, the StaticWeather cloud formation code, and the GGchem chemical equilibrium code. The combined code has been updated with new and more complete molecular and atomic opacities, cloud formation, and advanced chemical equilibrium calculations, and we also added new numerical methods at low temperatures to allow for a more robust convergence.

Results. The coupling between the MARCS radiative transfer and GGchem chemical equilibrium computations has effectively made it possible to reach convergence based on the electron pressure for warmer models and gas pressure for cooler models, enabling self-consistent modelling of stellar, sub-stellar, and exoplanetary objects in a very wide range of effective temperatures. We will make new cloud-free and non-irradiated models for solar metallicity and a selected variety of other chemical compositions immediately available from our home page (https://cels.nbi.ku.dk). Illustrative examples of cloudy and irradiated models as well as models based on non-equilibrium chemistry are also presented, and we will describe these in more detail and make them available upon completion at the same place for a larger range of parameter space.

Conclusions. For solar metallicity models, the new additional molecular opacities only affect the structure of models cooler than Teff = 2500 K, and the effect becomes substantial for models below Teff ~1500 K. Atomic line opacities are important for models warmer than ~3000 K. The line profile of the molecular opacities may have a larger effect on the model structure than previously anticipated, particularly in the uppermost layers at low gas pressure. The qualitative changes in the relative abundances of TiO, H2O, CH4, NH3, and other molecules in our models follow the observationally defined M, L, T (and Y) sequences, but they also reveal more complex and depth-dependent abundance changes and therefore a spectral classification depending on more parameters. The self-consistent coupling to StaticWeather cloud computations allows for detailed comparison between nucleation and observed relative dimming of different spectral bands, with advanced applications for new identification methods of potential exoplanetary biology.
Peculiar dark matter halos inferred from gravitational lensing as a manifestation of modified gravity
Authors: Bílek Michal
Published: August 2024

If modified gravity holds, but the weak lensing analysis is done in the standard way, we find that dark matter halos have peculiar shapes that do not follow the standard Navarro-Frenk-White profiles and which are fully predictable from the distribution of baryons. In this work, we study in detail the distribution of the apparent DM around point masses, approximating galaxies and galaxy clusters, along with their pairs for the QUMOND version of modified Newtonian dynamics, taking the external gravitational acceleration, ge, into account. At large radii, the apparent halo of a point mass, M, is shifted against the direction of the external field. When averaged over all lines of sight, the halo has a hollow center. Using a0 to denote the MOND acceleration constant, we find that its density follows
ρ(r)=√Ma0/G /(4πr2)
between the galacticentric radii
√GM/a0
and √GMa0
/ ge,

and then ρ ∝ r−7G2M3a03/ge5 at a greater distance. Between a pair of point masses, there is a region of a negative apparent DM density, whose mass can exceed the baryonic mass of the system. The density of the combined DM halo is not a sum of the densities of the halos of the individual points. The density has a singularity near the zero-acceleration point, but remains finite in projection. We computed maps of the surface density and the lensing shear for several configurations of the problem and derived formulas to scale them to further configurations. In general, for a large subset of MOND theories in their weak-field regime, for any configuration of the baryonic mass, M, with the characteristic size of d, the total lensing density scales as
ρ(x) = √Ma0/G d-2 f(α,x / d,ged/ √GMa0)
, where the vector α describes the geometry of the system. Detecting the difference between QUMOND and cold DM (CDM) halos appears to be possible with existing instruments.
SpectroTranslator: Deep-neural network algorithm for homogenising spectroscopic parameters
Authors: Thomas G. F. , Battaglia G. , Gran F. , Fernández-Alvar E. , Tsantaki M. , Pancino E. , Hill V. , Kordopatis G. , Gallart C. , Turchi A. , Masseron T.
Published: August 2024

Context. In modern Galactic astronomy, stellar spectroscopy plays a pivotal role in complementing large photometric and astrometric surveys and enabling deeper insights to be gained into the chemical evolution and chemo-dynamical mechanisms at play in the Milky Way and its satellites. Nonetheless, the use of different instruments and dedicated pipelines in various spectroscopic surveys can lead to differences in the derived spectroscopic parameters.

Aims. Efforts to homogenise these surveys onto a common scale are essential to maximising their scientific legacy. To this aim, we developed the SPECTROTRANSLATOR, a data-driven deep neural network algorithm that converts spectroscopic parameters from the base of one survey (base A) to that of another (base B).

Methods. SPECTROTRANSLATOR is comprised of two neural networks: an intrinsic network, where all the parameters play a role in computing the transformation, and an extrinsic network, where the outcome for one of the parameters depends on all the others, but not the reverse. The algorithm also includes a method to estimate the importance that the various parameters play in the conversion from base A to B.

Results. To demonstrate the workings of the algorithm, we applied it to transform effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, [Mg/Fe], and line-of-sight velocity from the base of GALAH DR3 into the APOGEE-2 DR 17 base. We demonstrate the efficiency of the SPECTROTRANSLATOR algorithm to translate the spectroscopic parameters from one base to another, directly using parameters by the survey teams. We were able to achieve a similar performance than previous works that have performed a similar type of conversion but using the full spectrum, rather than the spectroscopic parameters. This allowed us to reduce the computational time and use the output of pipelines optimised for each survey. By combining the transformed GALAH catalogue with the APOGEE-2 catalogue, we studied the distribution of [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] across the Galaxy and we found that the median distribution of both quantities present a vertical asymmetry at large radii. We attribute it to the recent perturbations generated by the passage of a dwarf galaxy across the disc or by the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Conclusions. Several aspects still need to be refined, such as the question of the optimal way to deal with regions of the parameter space meagrely populated by stars in the training sample. However, SPECTROTRANSLATOR has already demonstrated its capability and is poised to play a crucial role in standardising various spectroscopic surveys onto a unified framework.
The Sunburst Arc with JWST
Authors: Rivera-Thorsen T. Emil , Chisholm J. , Welch B. , Rigby J. R. , Hutchison T. , Florian M. , Sharon K. , Choe S. , Dahle H. , Bayliss M. B. , Khullar G. , Gladders M. , Hayes M. , Adamo A. , Owens M. R. , Kim K.
Published: August 2024

We report the detection of a population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the Sunburst Arc, a strongly gravitationally lensed galaxy at redshift z = 2.37. As the brightest known lensed galaxy, the Sunburst Arc has become an important cosmic laboratory for studying star and cluster formation, Lyman α (Lyα) radiative transfer, and Lyman continuum (LyC) escape. Here, we present the first results of JWST/NIRSpec IFU observations of the Sunburst Arc, focusing on a stacked spectrum of the 12-fold imaged Sunburst LyC-emitting (LCE) cluster. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the Sunburst LCE cluster is a very massive, compact star cluster with Mdyn = (9 ± 1)×106 M⊙. Our age estimate of 4.2–4.5 Myr is much larger than the crossing time of tcross = 183 ± 9 kyr, indicating that the cluster is dynamically evolved and consistent with it being gravitationally bound. We find a significant nitrogen enhancement of the low ionization state interstellar medium (ISM), with log(N/O) =  − 0.74 ± 0.09, which is ≈0.8 dex above typical values for H II regions of a similar metallicity in the local Universe. We find broad stellar emission complexes around He IIλ4686 and C IVλ5808 with associated nitrogen emission; this is the first time WR signatures have been directly observed at redshifts above ∼0.5. The strength of the WR signatures cannot be reproduced by stellar population models that only include single-star evolution. While models with binary evolution better match the WR features, they still struggle to reproduce the nitrogen-enhanced WR features. JWST reveals the Sunburst LCE cluster to be a highly ionized proto-globular cluster with low oxygen abundance and extreme nitrogen enhancement that hosts a population of WR stars, likely including a previously suggested population of very massive stars (VMSs), which together are rapidly enriching the surrounding medium.
JWST reveals the rapid and strong day-side variability of 55 Cancri e
Authors: Patel J. A. , Brandeker A. , Kitzmann D. , Petit dit de la Roche D. J. M. , Bello-Arufe A. , Heng K. , Meier Valdés E. , Persson C. M. , Zhang M. , Demory B.-O. , Bourrier V. , Deline A. , Ehrenreich D. , Fridlund M. , Hu R. , Lendl M. , Oza A. V. , Alibert Y. , Hooton M. J.
Published: August 2024

Context. The nature of the close-in rocky planet 55 Cnce is puzzling, despite it having been observed extensively. Its optical and infrared occultation depths show temporal variability, in addition to a phase curve variability observed in the optical.

Aims. We wish to explore the possibility that the variability originates from the planet being in a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance, and thus showing different sides during occultations. We proposed and were awarded Cycle 1 time at the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to test this hypothesis.

Methods. JWST/NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) observed five occultations (secondary eclipses) of the planet – of which four were observed within a week – simultaneously at 2.1 and 4.5 µm. While the former gives band-integrated photometry, the latter provides a spectrum between 3.9–5.0 µm.

Results. We find that the occultation depths in both bandpasses are highly variable and change between a non-detection (−5 ± 6 ppm and 7 ± 9 ppm) to 96 ± 8 ppm and 119−19+34 ppm at 2.1 µm and 4.5 µm, respectively. Interestingly, the variations in both bandpasses are not correlated and do not support the 3:2 spin-orbit resonance explanation. The measured brightness temperature at 4.5 µm varies between 873–2256 K and is lower than the expected day-side temperature of bare rock with no heat redistribution (2500 K), which is indicative of an atmosphere. Our atmospheric retrieval analysis of occultation depth spectra at 4.5 µm finds that different visits statistically favour various atmospheric scenarios including a thin outgassed CO/CO2 atmosphere and a silicate rock vapour atmosphere. Some visits even support a flat line model.

Conclusions. The observed variability could be explained by stochastic outgassing of CO/CO2, which is also hinted at by retrievals. Alternatively, the variability observed at both 2.1 and 4.5 µm could be the result of a circumstellar patchy dust torus generated by volcanism on the planet.
PDRs4All
Authors: Goicoechea J. R. , Le Bourlot J. , Black J. H. , Alarcón F. , Bergin E. A. , Berné O. , Bron E. , Canin A. , Chapillon E. , Chown R. , Dartois E. , Gerin M. , Habart E. , Haworth T. J. , Joblin C. , Kannavou O. , Le Petit F. , Onaka T. , Peeters E. , Pety J. , Roueff E. , Sidhu A. , Schroetter I. , Tabone B. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Trahin B. , Van De Putte D. , Vicente S. , Zannese M.
Published: August 2024

The gas-phase abundance of carbon, xC = [C/H]gas = xC+ + xC0 + xCO + … , and its depletion factors are essential parameters for understanding the gas and solid compositions that are ultimately incorporated into (exo)planets. The majority of protoplanetary disks are born in clusters and, as a result, are exposed to external far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. These FUV photons potentially affect the disk’s evolution, chemical composition, and line excitation. We present the first detection of the [C I] 609 μm fine-structure (3P1–3P0) line of neutral carbon (C0), achieved with ALMA, toward one of these disks, d203-506, in the Orion Nebula Cluster. We also report the detection of [C I] forbidden and C I permitted lines (from electronically excited states up to ∼10 eV) observed with JWST in the near-infrared (NIR). These lines trace the irradiated outer disk and photo-evaporative wind. Contrary to the common belief that these NIR lines are C+ recombination lines, we find that they are dominated by FUV-pumping of C0 followed by fluorescence cascades. They trace the transition from atomic to molecular gas, and their intensities scale with G0. The lack of outstanding NIR O I fluorescent emission, however, implies a sharper attenuation of external FUV radiation with E ≳ 12 eV (λ ≲ Lyman-β). This is related to a lower effective FUV dust absorption cross section compared to that of interstellar grains, implying a more prominent role for FUV shielding by the C0 photoionization continuum. The [C I] 609 μm line intensity is proportional to N(C0) and can be used to infer xC. We derive xC ≃ 1.4 × 10−4. This implies that there is no major depletion of volatile carbon compared to xC measured in the natal cloud, hinting at a young disk. We also show that external FUV radiation impacts the outer disk and wind by vertically shifting the water freeze-out depth, which likely results in less efficient grain growth and settling. This shift leads to nearly solar gas-phase C/O abundance ratios in these irradiated layers.
Insight into the occurrence of particle acceleration through the investigation of Wolf–Rayet stars using uGMRT observations
Authors: Blanco A. B. , De Becker M. , Saha A. , Tej A. , Benaglia P.
Published: August 2024

Context. Massive stars produce strong stellar winds that consist of continuous outflows of material at speeds of thousands of km s−1. These winds convey large amounts of kinetic power, especially in the case of Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. When these winds interact with nearby material, they will likely produce shocks. Among other processes, particle acceleration is expected to occur. This is particularly well established in the case of massive binary systems, where the stellar winds collide, allowing these systems to be identified thanks to the detection of synchrotron radio emission, produced by a population of relativistic particles accelerated in the shocks.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the occurrence of particle acceleration among massive stars in their pre-supernova evolution phases.

Methods. We observed a subset of five WR stars in the radio domain using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT), located in India. The observations were carried out in bands 4 (550–950 MHz) and 5 (1050–1450 MHz) for all the targets.

Results. We detected radio emission for only WR 110 in bands 4 and 5. Its thermal spectrum displays a consistent index of +0.74 down to uGMRT bands. The four other targets were not detected and we derived 3σ upper limits on their flux density. Our upper limits in Band 4 are the first provided for these targets below 1 GHz. None of the targets was identified as a synchrotron radio emitter in these radio bands.

Conclusions. If some synchrotron emission is produced in these systems, the non-detection with the uGMRT can be most likely attributed to strong free-free absorption (FFA). This is especially relevant for WR98a which is catalogued as a particle accelerator based on previous measurements at higher radio frequencies. The prominence of FFA constitutes a severe obstacle to identifying particle accelerators in the radio domain.
Flare heating of the chromosphere: Observations of flare continuum from GREGOR and IRIS
Authors: García-Rivas M. , Kašparová J. , Berlicki A. , Švanda M. , Dudík J. , Čtvrtečka D. , Zapiór M. , Liu W. , Sobotka M. , Pavelková M. , Motorina G. G.
Published: August 2024

Context. On 2022 May 4, an M5.7 flare erupted in the active region NOAA 13004, which was the target of a coordinated campaign between GREGOR, IRIS, Hinode, and ground-based instruments at the Ondřejov observatory. A flare kernel located at the edge of a pore was co-observed by the IRIS slit and GREGOR HiFI+ imagers.

Aims. We investigated the flare continuum enhancement at different wavelength ranges in order to derive the temperature of the chromospheric layer heated during the flare.

Methods. All datasets were aligned to IRIS slit-jaw images. We selected a pixel along the IRIS slit where the flare kernel was captured and evaluated multi-wavelength light curves within it. We defined a narrow IRIS near-UV band that comprises only continuum emission. The method, which assumes that the flare continuum enhancement is due to optically thin emission from hydrogen recombination processes, was applied to obtain a lower limit on the temperature in the layer where the continuum enhancement was formed.

Results. We determined a lower limit for the temperature and its time evolution in the chromospheric layer heated during the flare in the range of (3–15) ×103 K. The mean electron density in that layer was estimated to be ∼1 × 1013 cm−3.

Conlcusions. Multi-wavelength flare co-observations are a rich source of diagnostics. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of flares, the sit-and-stare mode is key to achieving a high temporal cadence that allows one to thoroughly analyse the same flare structure.
Testing the flux tube expansion factor - solar wind speed relation with Solar Orbiter data
Authors: Dakeyo J.-B. , Rouillard A. P. , Réville V. , Démoulin P. , Maksimovic M. , Chapiron A. , Pinto R. F. , Louarn P.
Published: August 2024

Context. The properties of the solar wind measured in situ in the heliosphere are largely controlled by energy deposition in the solar corona, which is in turn closely related to the properties of the coronal magnetic field. Previous studies have shown that long-duration and large-scale magnetic structures show an inverse relation between the solar wind velocity measured in situ near 1 au and the expansion factor of the magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere.

Aims. The advent of the Solar Orbiter mission offers a new opportunity to analyse the relation between solar wind properties measured in situ in the inner heliosphere and the coronal magnetic field. We exploit this new data in conjunction with models of the coronal magnetic field and the solar wind to evaluate the flux expansion factor and speed relation.

Methods. We use a Parker-like solar wind model, the “isopoly” model presented in previous works, to describe the motion of the solar wind plasma in the radial direction and model the tangential plasma motion due to solar rotation with the Weber and Davis equations. Both radial and tangential velocities are used to compute the plasma trajectory and streamline from Solar Orbiter location sunward to the solar ‘source surface’ at rss. We then employed a potential field source surface (PFSS) model to reconstruct the coronal magnetic field below rss to connect wind parcels mapped back to the photosphere.

Results. We found a statistically weak anti-correlation between the in situ bulk velocity and the coronal expansion factor, for about 1.5 years of solar data. Classification of the data by source latitude reveals different levels of anticorrelation, which is typically higher when Solar Orbiter magnetically connects to high latitude structures than when it connects to low latitude structures. We show the existence of a fast solar wind that originates in strong magnetic field regions at low latitudes and undergoes large expansion factor. We provide evidence that such winds become supersonic during the super-radial expansion (below rss) and are theoretically governed by a positive v–f correlation. We find that faster winds exhibit, on average, a flux tube expansion at a larger radius than slower winds.

Conclusions. An anticorrelation between solar wind speed and expansion factor is present for solar winds originating in high latitude structures in solar minimum activity, typically associated with coronal hole-like structures, but this cannot be generalized to lower latitude sources. We have found extended time intervals of fast solar wind associated with both large expansion factors and strong photospheric magnetic fields. Therefore, the value of the expansion factor alone cannot be used to predict the solar wind speed. Other parameters, such as the height at which the expansion gradient is the strongest, must also be taken into account.
Detection of faint secondary companions in spectroscopic binaries
Authors: González J. F. , Martínez C. I. , Alejo A.
Published: August 2024

Context. Most known spectroscopic binaries are detected through the variation in the radial velocity of the primary star, while the spectral features of the secondary companion remain hidden in the noise.

Aims. We present a novel technique for the spectroscopic detection of low-luminosity secondary companions of binary stars. The main goal is to estimate the mass ratio even when the radial velocity of the secondary cannot be measured in individual spectra.

Methods. The method aims to bring together all the spectral information of the secondary component into one single feature. In a first step, a spectral disentangling technique is used in an automatic way for a grid of possible values of the mass ratio. Then, the resulting series of secondary component spectra are compared with a grid of synthetic templates with a technique inspired by spectral cross-correlations. By optimizing a function indicative of the significance of the secondary detection, the mass ratio and an estimate of effective temperature are derived.

Results. We apply our method to different types of objects and observational datasets: three single-lined spectroscopic binaries in the open cluster Blanco 1 observed at mid-spectral resolution, an early-type binary in the open cluster NGC 2362, and PX Vir, an F-type binary observed at high resolution for which the secondary companion had been detected in the infrared but not in the optical spectral range. It is shown that from standard-quality spectral datasets it is possible to detect the secondary star in systems in which the secondary contributes less than 0.5–1.0% of the total flux.
Optical observations of the Galactic supernova remnant HB9 and H II region G159.2+3.3
Authors: Li Jiang-Tao , Lu Li-Yuan , Mao Huiyang , Xia Zi-Qing , Chen Yang , Zhou Ping , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2024

Context. We present multi-wavelength observations of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) HB9 and the H II region G159.2+3.3 apparently projected nearby, in order to study their properties and potential physical connections.

Aims. Confirming the physical connections between SNRs and H II regions is crucial to understanding their origin and interactions with the environment. Optical emission lines are powerful tools with which to measure the physical, chemical, and dynamical properties of the ionised gas, so could further help us to confirm such physical connections.

Methods. We present new optical narrow-band images of G159.2+3.3, as well as long-slit medium-resolution optical spectroscopy of both G159.2+3.3 and the SNR HB9 projected nearby. We compared these new data to archival multi-wavelength data to study the properties of the multi-phase interstellar medium in and around these two objects.

Results. HB9 is bright in γ-rays, but the γ-ray morphology is centrally filled and most of it is not clearly associated with the surrounding molecular clouds. There is a weak apparent connection of HB9 to the infrared bright enclosing shell of G159.2+3.3 in the γ-ray. The diffuse Balmer line has an almost identical morphology to the radio emission in G159.2+3.3, indicating they are both thermal in origin. Using medium-band high-resolution optical spectra from selected regions of the southeast (SE) shell of HB9 and G159.2+3.3, we found the radial velocity dispersion of HB9 along the slit to be significantly higher than the full width at half maximum of the lines. In contrast, these two values are both smaller and comparable to each other in G159.2+3.3. This indicates that the gas in HB9 may have additional global motion triggered by the SNR shock. The [N II] λ6583 Å/Hα line ratio of both objects can be interpreted with photo-ionisation by hot stars or low-velocity shocks, except for the post-shock region in the SE shell of HB9, where the elevated [N II]/Hα line ratio suggests a contribution from shock ionisation. The measured electron density from the [S II] 6716/6730 line ratio is significantly lower in the brighter G159.2+3.3 compared to the SE shell of HB9.

Conclusions. Our density estimate suggests that G159.2+3.3, although appearing brighter and more compact, is likely located at a much larger distance than HB9, so the two objects have no physical connections, unless the shock compressed gas in HB9 has a significantly lower filling factor.
A multi-channel queue model to optimize service level and staff availability in bank industry
Authors: Ali Rezaee Abbas , Akbari Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Staff scheduling in service organizations like banks, stores, call centers, and emergency centers is critical due to direct customer interaction and uncertain service demand. This research presents a multi-objective model for scheduling bank staff, focusing on uncertain customer arrival and service rates. The model aims to optimize customer service efficiency and maximize staff satisfaction through three objective functions: minimizing the customer waiting queue length (using an M/M/C system), minimizing the number of assigned employees, and maximizing employee satisfaction by considering preferred working times. By simulating Poisson distribution for client arrival and service times, we predicted the bank’s queue system performance and optimized staffing levels using the proposed model. Tested with real data from Agribank in Iran, the results showed an 8% reduction in customer waiting times and a 53% increase in employee satisfaction, demonstrating significant improvements in service efficiency and workplace morale. These percentages highlight the model’s ability to effectively balance operational efficiency and employee well-being, facilitated by its transparent work pattern structure. Given the NP-hard nature of the model, we employed a meta-heuristic approach (NSGA-II) and GAMS with the ɛ-constraint method to solve it. Comparative results indicated that NSGA-II outperformed GAMS in both solution quality and computational time.
Spatial and Socioeconomic Patterns of Mental Health and Healthcare
Utilization in Cologne, Germany
Authors: Poppe Adriana , Ansmann Lena , Meyer Ingo , Pförtner Timo-Kolja
Published: August 2024

Background Children and adolescents are significantly tied to their
family's socioeconomic position and living environment. Neighbourhood and
the living environment have been identified as potential risk factors for mental
disorders in this age group.

Aim of the Study The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution
of mental and behavioural disorders (prevalence) and the provision of mental
health services for children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in the city of
Cologne. In particular, the study aimed to examine the association of these
factors with area deprivation and the availability of mental health services
covered by statutory health insurance. Finally, possible spatial variations in
these aspects were analysed.

Method Claims data of children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years included
in four statutory health insurance of the year 2021 were analysed. A deprivation
index using data on the level of the ZIP code area was calculated. Analyses were
carried out descriptively, using ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically
weighted regression (GWR).

Results The prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in children and
adolescents varied across ZIP code areas, with higher rates in the northern,
southern, and eastern parts of the city. The results indicated that the use of
services by male children and adolescents with a prevalent diagnosis of mental
and behavioural disorders was higher in areas with a higher density of
healthcare providers. However, prevalence was on the whole lower in areas with a
higher density of healthcare providers. In addition, the density of health care
providers was higher in the city centre with comparatively lower
deprivation.

Conclusion These results indicate inadequate access to care for children
and young people outside the city centre. However, due to the heterogeneity of
the population in these areas, this study provides only preliminary insights.
Data with a finer geographic resolution are needed for further research in order
to analyse the association further.
„Change Agents“ oder „Peer Washing“: inwiefern können Peer- und
Genesungsbegleiter*innen zur Veränderung von psychiatrischen Einrichtungen
beitragen?
Authors: von Peter Sebastian , Kuesel Madeleine , Ziegenhagen Jenny , Fehler Georgia , Schmidt Daniela , Ruiz-Perez Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Ziel Von Peer- und Genesungsbegleiter*innen (=PGB*) wird erwartet, die
Kultur einer Versorgungseinrichtung zu verändern. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob
und wie sich ein solcher Veränderungsauftrag umsetzen lässt.

Methoden Das Material speist sich aus zwei Teilen der ImpPeer-Psy5-Studie,
die bundesweit die PGB*-Implementierung in der krankenkassenfinanzierten
Versorgung untersucht. Daten aus 57 problemzentrierten Interviews und zwei
Fokusgruppen wurden mit der thematischen Analyse analysiert.

Ergebnisse PGB*benötigen Mut und Ausdauer, auch weil ihre
Veränderungsimpulse unzureichend aufgenommen werden. Das kann zur Wiederholung
von Ausschlusserfahrungen führen und dazu, dass PGB*sich an Handlungsweisen und
Haltungen der Teams anpassen.

Schlussfolgerungen Damit PGB*Veränderungsimpulse einbringen können, sollte
sich eine Einrichtung selbstständig auf einen Veränderungsweg begeben haben,
Machtverhältnisse und strukturelle Diskriminierung sollten reflektiert,
Austauschräume und eine Kritikkultur etabliert, und genug Zeit für die
Implementierung von PGB*eingeräumt werden.
Evaluation of Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Parameters in Preeclamptic
and Normotensive Pregnant Women
Authors: Kaplan Aslı , Özel Ayşegül , Yalçınkaya Cem , Özyılmaz Safa , Kale İbrahim , Muhcu Murat
Published: August 2024

Objective Preeclampsia, whose pathophysiology is still not fully
elucidated today, is a pregnancy-specific disease that affects most organ
systems in pregnant women, including the central nervous system. In this
context, we aimed to investigate the effects of preeclampsia on blood flow in
the ophthalmic artery of the eye, which is considered a part of the central
nervous system.

Materials and Methods This prospective, non-interventional cohort study
was conducted between February 2022 and June 2022 at Umraniye Training and
Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
Forty-six normotensive healthy pregnant women constituted the control group and
46 preeclamptic pregnant women constituted the preeclampsia group. Prenatal
follow-up and delivery of the participants were carried out in our clinic.
First, an obstetric ultrasound was performed on all participants with the same
ultrasound device and the same clinician. Then, Doppler measurements of the
ophthalmic artery of both eyes were made by the same clinician using the linear
probe of the same ultrasound. Both groups were compared in terms of the first
peak of systolic velocity (PSV), second PSV, pulsatility index (PI), PSV ratio,
end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic
ratio (S/D) measurements of the ophthalmic artery.

Results The first PSV, second PSV, PSV ratio, and EDV were significantly
higher in the preeclampsia group than in the control group (p=0.001, p<0.001,
p=0.019, p<0.001, respectively). According to the receiver operating
characteristic analysis, the second PSV with a cut-off value of 43.75 cm/s was
the most powerful ophthalmic artery Doppler parameter in detecting preeclampsia
with 63% sensitivity and 63% specificity. No significant difference was found
between the early and late onset or mild and severe preeclampsia groups in terms
of ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters.

Conclusion Although the number of participants was too small to draw a
definitive conclusion, the second PSV seems to be the most powerful parameter
for the detection of preeclampsia. Studies with larger series are needed to
determine the usability of ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters in the routine
clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia and follow-up of the disease.
Ajuga taiwanensis Extract Promotes Wound-healing via Activation of PDGFR/MAPK Pathway
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsiang , Cheng Jing-Jy , Wu Ching-Fen , Lin Yun-Lian
Published: August 2024

Chronic and prolonged wounds are a serious public problem that may severely affect the quality of life and result in psychological pressure. Fibroblasts play a crucial role in the wound process and in skin pathology. Herbal drugs have long been used for wound care worldwide. Ajuga taiwanensis (Lamiaceae) is a folk medicine for antipyretics, anti-inflammation, and reducing swelling in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. taiwanensis in wound healing and the underlying mechanisms. Under human dermal fibroblast (HDF) wound-healing activity-guided fractionation, we found that a sub-fraction (AT-M) of A. taiwanensis extract (AT) and the major ingredients significantly promoted wound healing and decreased IL-1β and − 6 expressions on HDFs. Furthermore, the fraction of AT-M enhanced wound healing on C57BL/6 mouse skins, increased PDGFR expressions, and activated the PDGFR/MAPK pathway. Taken together, A. taiwanensis extracts
promote wound healing by the PDGFR pathway and lead to enhanced cell spreading and motility, thereby having a possible beneficial effect on wound healing.
Hematoxylin, an Alternative Substrate of Tyrosinase
Authors: Crous Chantalle , Swart Ivanke A. , Pretorius Judey , van der Kooy Frank , Petzer Jacobus P. , Petzer Anél
Published: August 2024

Mushroom tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (abTYR) is often used during the development of tyrosinase inhibitors for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. In the search for novel tyrosinase inhibitors, this study identified hematoxylin as an alternative substrate for abTYR. The interaction of hematoxylin with abTYR was investigated through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. The results showed that hematoxylin acted as an abTYR substrate and exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetic behaviour at concentrations below 1.25 mM. The substrate properties of hematoxylin were similar to the natural tyrosinase substrate, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), with regards to Km, while Vmax was eightfold lower. The main oxidation product formed during the reaction of abTYR with hematoxylin was identified as hematein. This is the first report of the interaction of hematoxylin with abTYR.
Fetal cardiovascular function in a late-onset SGA and FGR cohort: CURIOSA study
Authors: Lobmaier Silvia M. , Graupner Oliver , Franke Christina , Boess Nadia , Haller Bernhard , Oberhoffer Renate , Wacker-Gussmann Annette , Ortiz Javier U.
Published: August 2024

The measurement of fetal cardiovascular function parameters is not yet established in prenatal diagnostics. Now that the research field of fetal programming is becoming increasingly important, this might change. Fetal cardiovascular changes have been described above all in early/severe fetal growth restriction (FGR). The aim of this study was to investigate functional echocardiographic parameters in fetuses with late-onset small for gestational age (SGA)/FGR.

A prospective cohort of SGA fetuses (including FGR) and a control group with similar distribution of gestational age were studied. Parameters of systolic, diastolic, and global cardiac function, morphometry and measurements of the fetal abdominal aorta were collected.

A total of 149 SGA fetuses and 143 control fetuses were included from 32 weeks until term. The total SGA group was further divided into SGA 3rd–10th (fetuses between the 3rd and 10th weight percentile) and FGR subgroups. In the total SGA group, relative right and left ventricular wall thickness, left E/A ratio, isovolumetric contraction time and left myocardial performance index were significantly increased compared to controls after adjustment for gestational age. MAPSE, TAPSE, ejection time, left cardiac output, and abdominal aortic distensibility were significantly lower. The changes were more pronounced in the FGR subgroup.

Even in a group of late-onset SGA/FGR, echocardiographic parameters are already altered in utero.
Urban design leadership: part 1, the styles of leadership
Authors: Carmona Matthew , Bento João
Published: August 2024

This paper, in two parts, explores the styles and application of urban design leadership as a dimension of urban design governance. Part 1 explores the literature on leadership and its relation to urban design. It discusses the relation of urban design leadership to places and situations, first connecting through the fundamentally integrative nature of the activity – vertically, horizontally, and temporally – and second influencing across professional, sectorial, and power contexts. It then conceptualises a typology of leadership – autocratic, paternalistic, democratic, laissez-faire, transactional, transformational, and absent – and considers how these leadership styles, none of which are absolute, influence the process and outcomes of urban design. The paper concludes with a framework for understanding urban design leadership that can be applied to the varied practices of urban design globally. Part 2 tests and illustrates this through its application to the roles and practices of Public Architects across Europe.
Unravelling the stylistic nuances: a comparative multidimensional analysis of amateur and professional translations of Legends of the Condor Heroes
Authors: Chou Isabelle , Xiang Zhangyujie , Liu Kanglong
Published: August 2024

Style research has always been an important field in corpus-based translation studies. However, the stylistic differences between amateur and professional translations of epic Chinese martial arts fiction have received limited attention in the existing literature. This study addresses this gap by examining the stylistic differences in amateur and professional translations of the novel Legends of the Condor Heroes, a representative work of this genre gaining popularity through fan-translation websites. Employing Biber’s multidimensional analysis, this study investigates fictional speech and narration in both amateur and professional translations. The findings reveal that amateur translations exhibit less variation between speech and narration, characterized by lower levels of involvement in dialog and reduced informational density in narrative passages. Moreover, amateur translations tend to employ more abstract language across both speech and narration compared to their professional counterparts. These stylistic disparities may influence readers’ comprehension and engagement with the text, potentially affecting their access to critical narrative elements. The study posits that the lack of professional training and experience, as well as the collaborative and open-source nature of amateur translation communities, may contribute to these observed differences in amateur translations. This research contributes to translation studies by examining stylistic differences between amateur and professional translations of Chinese martial arts fiction, potentially informing future studies on reader engagement and the reception of translated Chinese literature. The findings also highlight the importance of considering the impact of amateur translation practices on the dissemination and reception of popular genres in cross-cultural contexts.
Uniqueness and non-degeneracy of solutions for nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with perturbation
Authors: Wu Yuanda , Zhang Yimin
Published: August 2024

This paper concerned a fractional Schrödinger equation in whole space, for ɛ > 0 is a small parameter, ɛ2s(−Δ)su + V(x)u = |u|p−2u, where 12<s<1, N > 1 and 2<p<2NN−2s. We prove the non-degeneracy and uniqueness of bubble solutions by using local Pohozaev identity and finite dimensional reduction, which are the cornerstones to construct different type solutions.
Joint optimization of vehicle scheduling and charging strategies for electric buses to reduce battery degradation
Authors: Li Xinran , Wang Wei , Jin Kun , Qin Shaoyang
Published: August 2024

The widespread adoption of electric buses (EB) is hampered by battery degradation. Battery degradation refers to the phenomenon of lithium batteries shrinking in capacity and eventually becoming unusable due to the extensive charging and discharging behavior. This paper proposes a joint optimization of EBs vehicle scheduling and charging strategies that considers both explicit charging cost and implicit battery degradation cost. First, we construct a mathematical optimization model through the graph theory. Then, the battery degradation cost is computed by investigating the relationship between battery degradation and state of charge (SoC) during charging/discharging. Finally, the proposed model is linearized and solved efficiently. Numerical results show that 7.45% of the battery degradation cost and 6% of the total cost can be saved just by simply adjusting the vehicle scheduling and charging strategies. The battery degradation cost is much larger than the charging cost, which emphasizes the need to consider battery degradation. The results also provide some practical suggestions for operators. The lowest possible initial SoC can reduce battery degradation, while increasing the number of buses has little impact.
Azimuthal ion dynamics at the inner pole of an axisymmetric Hall thruster
Authors: Roberts Parker J. , Chaplin Vernon H. , Jorns Benjamin A.
Published: August 2024

The azimuthal dynamics of ions along the inner pole of a Hall thruster with a centrally mounted cathode and a magnetic shielding topography are experimentally investigated. A time-averaged laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic is implemented to characterize the azimuthal ion velocity distribution, and its moments are computed numerically to infer bulk rotation speed and ion temperature. It is found that the time-averaged ion swirl velocity grows to 2 km/s in the near-pole region, and the cathode ions exhibit ion temperatures in the azimuthal direction approaching 8 eV. Both of these quantities exceed the speeds and temperatures anticipated from classical acceleration and heating. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence is then employed to investigate the role of plasma fluctuations in driving the time-averaged ion properties. Semicoherent fluctuations at 90 kHz are observed in the ion velocity distribution and its associated moments. These oscillations are correlated with the gradient-driven anti-drift wave, which propagates azimuthally in the near-field cathode plume. Quasilinear theory is used to construct a 1D model for acceleration and heating of the ion population as a result of the anti-drift mode. This approach demonstrates qualitative agreement with the time-averaged ion velocity and temperature, suggesting that the anti-drift mode may be a dominant driver of azimuthal ion acceleration and heating in front of the cathode keeper and the inner half of the inner front pole cover. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the erosion of thruster surfaces in the near-field cathode plume.
Reduced decay in Josephson coupling across ferromagnetic junctions with spin–orbit coupling layers
Authors: Kindiak Ivan , Mishra Swapna Sindhu , Migliorini Andrea , Pal Banabir , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: August 2024

The generation of Sz = 1 triplet Cooper pairs has been predicted theoretically in superconducting–ferromagnetic hybrid heterostructures in the presence of spin–orbit coupling [F. S. Bergeret and I. V. Tokatly, Phys. Rev. B 89, 134517 (2014) and Jacobsen et al., Sci. Rep. 6, 23926 (2016)]. In this study, we experimentally investigate vertical Josephson junctions where the weak link is formed from a ferromagnetic layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy sandwiched by two non-magnetic layers with weak or strong spin–orbit coupling. We find that the decay of the Josephson coupling is reduced in the latter case, possibly indicating the presence of Sz = 1 spin-triplet correlations. We speculate that the canted magnetization required for these correlations is provided by the interaction of magnetization with Meissner effect in the superconducting layers.
High-efficiency dual-level heterogenous grating coupler on CMOS-compatible silicon-lithium niobate platform
Authors: Xiong Nina , Wang Jing , Yang Haoru , Ma Bowen , Zou Weiwen
Published: August 2024

We present the design and experimental demonstration of multilayer etched CMOS-compatible grating couplers with high efficiency on a heterogeneous silicon-lithium niobate platform. The dual-level grating coupler comprises 90 nm-thick Si waveguides and 220 nm-thick Si grating with a linear chirped structure without etching LN. The design changes the grating diffraction properties, which not only reduce back reflection but also improve directionality and fiber-to-chip mode match. In comparison with existing studies, this work achieves high coupling efficiency solely through CMOS-compatible etching without additional bottom reflectors or high-index overlays. Theoretical calculations predict a fiber-to-chip coupling efficiency of −1.76 dB and an off-chip diffraction efficiency of −1.1 dB for the TE mode. The experimental measurement of the peak coupling efficiency is −2.84 dB with the back reflection as low as −26 dB. The grating coupler paves the way for monolithic integration of Si and LN.
Antiferromagnetic coupling in ferrimagnetic Mn4N-based bilayer structures
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro , Ogawa Daisuke , Amemiya Kenta , Suemasu Takashi
Published: August 2024

Mn4N/(Mn,Cu)4N epitaxial bilayer structures with (Mn,Cu)4N compositions below and above the magnetization compensation composition were prepared on SrTiO3(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The thickness of the (Mn,Cu)4N layer was fixed at approximately 20 nm, while that of the Mn4N layer was changed from 7.5 to 19.6 nm. Cross-sectional elemental mapping proved that the diffusion of Cu from the (Mn,Cu)4N layer to the Mn4N layer was negligible. The magnetization curves showed that the magnetic moments of Mn4N and (Mn,Cu)4N were antiferromagnetically coupled, independent of the Mn4N film thickness, indicating a synthetic ferrimagnetic structure. The dependence of magnetic order on Mn4N film thickness was confirmed by surface-sensitive measurements using polar magneto-optical Kerr effect and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. This is due to the change in the layer with dominant magnetization and the strength of the antiferromagnetic coupling. The temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect showed that the antiferromagnetic coupling was retained in the Mn4N(7.5 nm)/(Mn,Cu)4N(22.4 nm) structure over a wide temperature range of 10–350 K.