bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PENAMBAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI PADA NIRA TERHADAP MUTU GULA KELAPA YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: Setyawan Ade , Ninsix Retti
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bahan tambah alami yang baik di berikan pada nira kelapa terhadap mutu gula kelapa sesuai dengan syarat mutu gula kelapa. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. dengan pola perlakuan 4 x 3 sehingga diperoleh 12 unit per cobaan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah pengaruh penambahan bahan tambah alami pada nira terhadap mutu gula kelapa yang dihasilkan adalah : A = Kulit kayu Bakau 0,2 gram + Nira Kelapa (1000 ml), B = Daun Jambu Biji 0,2 gram + Nira Kelapa (1000 ml), C = Teh Bubuk 0,2 gram + Nira Kelapa (1000 ml), D = Tanpa Perlakuan + Nira Kelapa (1000 ml). Apabila hasil yang diperoleh berbeda nyata atau F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan metode Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf nyata 5%.
Review Literature : DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM UNTUK PENGOLAHAN KELAPA TERPADU
Authors: Mardesci Hermiza , Santosa Santosa , Nazir Novizar , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh
Published: November 2018

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana penelitian terkait sistem pendukung keputusan dan pengolahan kelapa terpadu yang telah dilakukan pada riset-riset terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan review jurnal-jurnal terkait pengolahan kelapa terpadu, dan sistem pendukung keputusan. Didapatkan sekitar 100 buah jurnal. Dari hasil review jurnal didapatkan gap pengetahuan yang akan diisi adalah mengaplikasikan konsep DSS untuk pengolahan kelapa terpadu, sehingga penggunaan bahan baku kelapa untuk pengolahan bisa dioptimalkan. Untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan bahan baku dalam pengolahan kelapa terpadu, bisa dilakukan dengan bantuan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan. SPK ini bisa membantu petani kelapa dan pihak terkait untuk memutuskan pengolahan kelapa yang akan dipilih sehingga penggunaan bahan baku bisa optimal.
FORMULASI PATI JAGUNG (Zea Mays L) DENGAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA BAKSO IKAN GABUS (Ophiocephalus Striatus)
Authors: Imaryana Imaryana , Mardesci Hermiza , Ninsix Retti
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasipati jagung dengan tepung tapioka terhadap analisa kimia bakso ikan gabus. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dalam pengaruh penambahan pati jagung dan pati jagung dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap kualitas bakso ikan gabus dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hasil analisa kadar air (12,511%) memenuhi standar SNI 01-3819-1995 (BSN 1995), sedangkan kadar lemak (12,5%) dan kadar protein (6,0%) masih belum memenuhi SNI 01-3819-1995 (BSN 1995).
PENGARUH VARIASI BAHAN SUSU KACANG TOLO TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN KADAR SERAT KASAR
Authors: Safitri Fenthy Marlina , Rahmadewi Yunda Maymanah , Apriyanto Mulono
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan kimia dan serat kasar dengan variasi bahan susu kacang tolo.Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan sampel desain acak menggunakan 3 perlakuan, 2 ulangan dan 2 unit coba. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik One Way Anova dilanjutkan dengan analisis Tukey jika ada perbedaan. Variasi bahan susu kacang tolo dibedakan menjadi kulit kacang tolo, kacang tolo tanpa kulit dan kacang tolo dengan kulit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis pH dari ketiga bahan susu kacang tolo memiliki rentang nilai 6,6-6,8 dan tidak berbeda secara signifikan, namun pada parameter kadar lemak, protein dan serat kasar berbeda secara signifikan. Rerata kadar lemak sebesar 0,29% untuk susu kacang tolo dari kulit kacang tolo, susu kacang tolo dari kacang tolo tanpa kulit 0,48% dan sebanyak 0,78% pada susu kacang tolo dari kacang tolo dengan kulit. Rerata protein didapatkan 4,49%, 7,06% dan9,81% secara berurutan untuk susu kacang tolo dari bahan kulit kacang, kacang tolo tanpa kulit dan kacang tolo dengan kulit. Rerata kandungan serat kasar padasusu kacangtolo dari kulit kacang tolo, kacang tolo tanpa kuit dan kacang tolo dengan kulit secara berurutan adalah 3,71%, 2,40%, 5,35%. Susu kacang tolo yang terbuat dari kacang tolo dengan kulit memiliki konsentrasi tertinggi pada parameter lemak dan protein secara berurutan yaitu 0,78% dan 9,81%.Sementara susu kacang tolo yang terbuat dari kulit kacang tolo mengandung serat kasar paling tinggi yaitu 5,35%
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL INDUSTRI KECIL GULA KELAPA (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Kempas, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau)
Authors: Mardesci Hermiza , Santosa Santosa , Nazir Novizar , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan industri kecil gula kelapa secara finansial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Kempas Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau, Indonesia. Dari 4 pengrajin gula kelapa yang terdapat di lokasi penelitian, digunakan dua pengrajin sebagai sampel. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu untuk mengetahui proses produksi gula kelapa, dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial industri kecil gula kelapa dengan menggunakan metode NPV, Net B/C Ratio, dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi gula kelapa meliputi penyadapan nira, penyaringan, pemasakan, pencetakan, dan pengemasan. Industri kecil gula kelapa ini layak dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis finansial. Nilai NPV sebesar 125.133,98 dengan diskon faktor 10 %, Net B/C Ratio sebesar 4,53 dan nilai IRR sebesar 42 %.
PENGARUH LAMA PEMERAMAN DAN JENIS KERTAS PEMBUNGKUS TERHADAP KUALITAS SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIA BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L)
Authors: Suryanti Sevia Dwi , Apriyanto Mulono , Nadia Lana Santika
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu dan jenis kertas pembungkus pada pemeraman buah pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L) terhadap kualitas sifat organoleptik dan kimia. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian yaitu RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok). Jenis pisang yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pisang ambon kuning dengan 1 kontrol dan 2 perlakuan, berupa pisang ambon yang diperam menggunakan kertas kraft polos dan kertas kraft bertinta sebesar 20% dari berat pisang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama pemeraman terdapat pengaruh yang nyata (p<0,05) terhadap sifat kimia yaitu vitamin C dan gula reduksi. Kadar Vitamin C dan gula reduksi meningkat selama proses pemeraman, nilai tertinggi terdapat pada hari ke-5 pemeraaman yaitu 84,48 mg untuk vitamin C dan 5,90% untuk gula reduksi. Pada jenis kertas pembungkus terdapat pengaruh yang nyata (p<0,05) terhadap sifat kimia yaitu vitamin C dan gula reduksi. Jenis kertas pembungkus bertinta dapat mempercepat proses pematangan. Uji organoleptik (rasa, aroma, warna, tekstur) yang paling banyak disukai panelis adalah buah pisang ambon kuning dengan media pemeraman kertas bertinta.
C. G. JUNG’S ENCOUNTER WITH HIS FRENCH READERS.
THE PARIS LECTURE (MAY 1934)
Authors: Serina Florent
Published: November 2018

This article recounts a little-known episode in C. G. Jung’s life and in the history of analytical psychology: Jung’s visit to Paris in the spring of 1934 at the invitation of the Paris Analytical Psychology Club (named ‘Le Gros Caillou’), a stay marked by a lecture on the ‘hypothesis of the collective unconscious’ held in a private setting and preceded by an evening spent in Daniel Halévy’s literary salon with some readers and critics.

KEYWORDS
collective unconscious; France; Julien Green; Daniel Halévy; Lucien Lévy-Bruhl; Ernest Seillière.
Después del trauma soy otro, reflexiones sobre la representación del cambio de identidad después de la guerra. El caso de Phoenix (2014) de Christian Petzold
Authors: Alcalá Anguiano Fabiola
Published: November 2018

A lo largo de la historia del cine se ha visto como regresan muchos personajes después de la guerra, y se puede afirmar que nos son los mismos, que sus gestos, su espíritu y su psique ha cambiado. En este texto se estudia, desde una perspectiva estética, narrativa e intertextual, un filme que se centra en este tema: ¿Cómo se puede ser uno mismo después de la guerra y qué significa ya no serlo? El caso es Phoenix (2014) de C. Petzold.
A Sustainable Urban Concept for Housing Estates: Plot, Patch, Part
Authors: Balla Regina
Published: November 2018

While, in practice, the rehabilitation of prefabricated housing estates has mostly focused on the buildings, a comprehensive concept, which is able to revalorise this problematic housing stock has become increasingly relevant. The specific, holistic proposal of the revalorisation demands an interdisciplinary approach, based on urban planning principles of SUN (sustainable urban neighbourhoods), that can reconceptualise housing units on the different scales as plot, patch and part of a city or town. To find proper methodology, this paper attempts to adopt an approved evaluation tool used in the field of property development. Property development strongly adheres to various certification systems. These apply not only to buildings, but on the urban scale, neighbourhoods can also achieve good qualification in systems like LEED Neighbourhood. This study argues that the requirements of LEED Neighbourhood can be adequately applied in the case of existing housing estates; as a result of which, they could become less isolated and could be more easily integrated into the neighbouring urban network as sustainable parts of cities and towns.
Spatial Vulnerability Assessment of Extreme Lightning Events in Bangladesh Using GIS
Authors: Farukh MA , Ahmed SU , Islam MA , Baten MA
Published: November 2018

This study explores human death, injury and overall casualties as a result of ongoing extreme lightning events in Bangladesh. Especially the month of May starting from 2010 to mid-2017 were taken under consideration for this study where, a total of 1811 lightning casualties composed of 339 fatalities and 273 injuries are identified. Spatial and geographic aspects of division wise lightning events are evaluated with the help of ArcGIS. The annual average number of fatality is 227 for the whole country whereas, 43 fatalities and 35 injuries over the entire study period was found in May only. The rate of lightning fatality is high in Pirganj of Thakurgaon, Nikli of Kishoreganj, Shibganj of Chapainawabganj, Nawabganj of Dinajpur, Ullapara of Sirajganj, Bagmara of Rajshahi, Bhuapur of Tangail, and Tarail of Kishoreganj. The majority of lightning-related fatalities occurred to males. Maximum people affected by lightning strike during working outside like in field, hoar, road side etc. Farming is the major activity during lightning fatalities. One seventh of death people are affected during stay in indoor like-house, mosque etc. The rural people affected by lightning fatalities accounted 93%. The analysis shows that the highest lightning vulnerable zone is Sunamganj, Sylhet.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 11-18 2017
Trend Analysis Variations and Relation Between Discharge and Rainfall: a Study on Kushiyara River
Authors: Uddin ME , Akter SA , Uddin MJ , Diganta MTM
Published: November 2018

Water resources and rivers play a very important role in economy and agriculture. But due to climate change and improper management, water resources are losing the natural discharge capacity from upper stream. This study was under taken to find out the trends and variability of rainfall and discharge at two stations of the Kushiyara River. Rainfall and discharge data Daily time series data of stream flow or discharge at Sheola (1976 to 2007) and Sherpur (1982 to 2007) and observed discharge data in certain interval from 2008 to 2016 have been analyzed in this study. For trend analysis, Mann-Kendall Test (MK) and Sen’s Slope Estimator method were used as non-parametric test and relationship assessment was done by undertaking Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation. Annual discharge at Sheola and Sherpur station showed downward trend and maximum discharge was found downward trend at both stations. In Mannkendall test and Sen’s Slope Estimator method showed downward trend in most cases. Climate change and improper land management may have influenced the present condition.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 121-132 2017
Impacts of Low Flows on Heavy Metal concentrations in Turag River Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MA , Rahman SH , Chowdhury MAZ , Fardous Z
Published: November 2018

Water flow is a vital requirement of a river to secure ecological health status. We investigated the low flow of Turag River and its effect on the heavy metals concentration. Generally, the water of the river flowed very less from January to May. The reverse result was found from June to October. Keeping in mind this fact, eight different heavy metals were statistically analyzed. We observed that during low flow season five heavy metals surpass the standard limit for irrigation. Considering irrigation standard, the order of contamination level was: Mn > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu in low flow season. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain moderate flow in the river system.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 177-182 2017
The Byzantine Panoplia Tradition and Greek Qur'an Translation in the Latin West
Authors: Høgel Christian
Published: November 2018

Byzantium has played only a minor role, if any at all, in the Western appropriation of knowledge on Islam. One exception to this is the Panoplia dogmatike by Eustathios Zigabenos, active under and working on the commission of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118). The Panoplia dogmatike (‘Dogmatic Armoury’) was a most imperial text, designed to support the emperor's fight against heretics. The text carried not only standard Byzantine views about Islam, but also, in almost documentary style, quotations from the Qur'an that originated from a Greek translation used by Niketas Byzantios (working in the 860's and 870's) and Evodios (late ninth century). In the Latin translation of the Panoplia dogmatike by Pier Zini in 1555 a selection of Qur'anic quotations, accompanied with Byzantine comments, were made available to Latin readers.
The Perennial Importance of Mary's Virginity and Jesus’ Divinity: Qur'anic Quotations in Iberian Polemics After the Conquest of Granada (1492)
Authors: García-Arenal Mercedes , Starczewska Katarzyna K. , Szpiech Ryan
Published: November 2018

This paper studies the little-known Spanish Qur'anic translations included within Christian works of polemics that were produced in Iberia in the first quarter of the sixteenth century. Such fragments are an important testimony of otherwise rare translations of the Qur'an into Iberian vernacular languages. This study focuses on the Qur'anic material cited by authors connected to Martín García, Bishop of Barcelona (c. 845–928/1441–1521) in polemical treatises written for the evangelisation of the Granadan Muslims (converted to Christianity by the decree of 1502) and the conversion of the Valencian and Aragonese Muslims (legally Muslims until 1526). It considers two treatises, authoured respectively by Juan Andrés and Johan Martín de Figuerola, belonging to the genre that has come to be known as Antialcoranes, or ‘anti-Qur'ans’. These are further compared to the quotations included by Martín García himself in his sermons as well as by two subsequent sixteenth-century authors, Lope de Obregón and Bernardo Pérez de Chinchón.
The Philological Uncanny: Nineteenth-Century Jewish Readings of the Qur'an
Authors: Heschel Susannah
Published: November 2018

Is the Qur'an a Jewish book? When Jews first began studying and analysing Qur'anic texts as students at German universities in the 1830s, they experienced what this essay calls a ‘philological uncanny’—elements and aspects which are both recognisable and alien, giving a sense of being at home and in a different place simultaneously. The Qur'an, in that moment of first reading, may well have appeared uncanny to these young Jewish students, suddenly rendering in Arabic, in the Scripture of Islam, words from the Hebrew of the Mishnah.

This article follows the experience and interpretation of these elements in the writing of key figures among Jewish scholars of Islam from the 1830s to the 1930s. These Jewish scholars, raised in religiously observant homes and given a classical Orthodox Jewish education in Talmud and its commentaries, played a central role in establishing the field of Islamic Studies in Europe. From Abraham Geiger (1810–1874) and Gustav Weil (1808–1888), to Ignaz Goldziher (1850–1921) and Eugen Mittwoch (1876–1942), they shaped an approach to the Qur'an that placed it within the context of rabbinic Judaism, outlining parallel texts and religious practices, even as they also created an important stream of Jewish self-definition in which Judaism and Islam were identified as the two most intimate monotheistic religions.
Definition of Reference Models for Power, Weight, Working Width, and Price for Seeding Machines
Authors: Yezekyan Tatevik , Marinello Francesco , Armentano Giannantonio , Trestini Samuele , Sartori Luigi
Published: November 2018

Machine functional parameters define fleet composition and management and, thus, play an important role in economic and environmental performance. Large availability of programming methods and decision support systems are available in the market, however, there is still a lack of applicative tools to forecast the perceived and necessary technical parameters and machinery price options to complete tasks. In the current research, most correlated functional parameters for four group of seeding machines were determined with the application of linear and multiple linear regression analyses. Power, weight, working width, number of rows, and list price were studied, and reference equations were developed for seed drills, precision, combined and no-tillage planters. Two statistical analyses models were, therefore, developed for each of the groups in order to allow evaluation and prediction of performance and cost, thus contributing to the selection process optimisation and perceived choice of the needed implement.
Enhanced Stratosphere/Troposphere Coupling During Extreme Warm Stratospheric Events with Strong Polar-Night Jet Oscillation
Authors: Peters Dieter H.W. , Schneidereit Andrea , Karpechko Alexey Y.
Published: November 2018

Extreme warm stratospheric events during polar winters from ERA-Interim reanalysis and CMIP5-ESM-LR runs were separated by duration and strength of the polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) using a high statistical confidence level of three standard deviations (strong-PJO events). With a composite analysis, we demonstrate that strong-PJO events show a significantly stronger downward propagating signal in both, northern annular mode (NAM) and zonal mean zonal wind anomaly in the stratosphere in comparison with non-PJO events. The lower stratospheric EP-flux-divergence difference in ERA-Interim was stronger in comparison to long-term CMIP5-ESM-LR runs (by a factor of four). This suggests that stratosphere–troposphere coupling is stronger in ERA-Interim than in CMIP5-ESM-LR. During the 60 days following the central date (CD), the Arctic oscillation signal was more intense during strong-PJO events than during non-PJO events in ERA-Interim data in comparison to CMIP5-ESM-LR runs. During the 15-day phase after CD, strong PJO events had a significant increase in stratospheric ozone, upper tropospheric zonally asymmetric impact, and a regional surface impact in ERA-Interim. Finally, we conclude that the applied high statistical threshold gives a clearer separation of extreme warm stratospheric events into strong-PJO events and non-PJO events including their different downward propagating NAM signal and tropospheric impacts.
Long-Term Wintertime Trend of Zonally Asymmetric Ozone in Boreal Extratropics During 1979–2016
Authors: Schneidereit Andrea , Peters Dieter H. W.
Published: November 2018

Strong zonally asymmetric ozone (ZAO) changes are observed in the boreal extratropics for winter. During the TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) period (1979–1992) the decrease of zonally asymmetric total ozone (ZATO) was twice as large as the observed zonal mean total ozone trend over Europe in January mainly caused by ultra-long wave transport. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ozone evolution reveals three different quasi-bidecadal trend stages: (i) Decline, (ii) leveling, and (ii) healing. This study focuses on the ZAO structure in boreal extratropics and on ozone transport changes by ultra-long waves during winter months. ERA-Interim data together with a linearized transport model are used. During the healing stage ZATO increases significantly over the North Atlantic/European region for January. The ZATO increase (healing stage) and ZATO decrease (decline stage) are caused by different monthly mean ozone transport characteristics of ultra-long planetary waves over the North Atlantic/European region. Furthermore, the vertical advection (ageostrophic transport) of ozone versus its horizontal component dominates in the lower and middle stratosphere during the healing stage. It is hypothesized that these ageostrophic wind changes are mainly caused by a wave train directed northeastwards which seems to be directly linked to the Arctic warming.
Mixed-State Ionic Beams: An Effective Tool for Collision Dynamics Investigations
Authors: Benis Emmanouil P. , Madesis Ioannis , Laoutaris Angelos , Nanos Stefanos , Zouros Theo J. M.
Published: November 2018

The use of mixed-state ionic beams in collision dynamics investigations is examined. Using high resolution Auger projectile spectroscopy involving He-like ( 1 s 2 1 S , 1 s 2 s 3 , 1 S ) mixed-state beams, the spectrum contributions of the 1 s 2 s 3 S metastable beam component is effectively separated and clearly identified. This is performed with a technique that exploits two independent spectrum measurements under the same collision conditions, but with ions having quite different metastable fractions, judiciously selected by varying the ion beam charge-stripping conditions. Details of the technique are presented together with characteristic examples. In collisions of 4 MeV B 3 + with H 2 targets, the Auger electron spectrum of the separated 1 s 2 s 3 S boron beam component allows for a detailed analysis of the formation of the 1 s 2 s ( 3 S ) n l 2 L states by direct n l transfer. In addition, the production of hollow 2 s 2 p 1 , 3 P doubly- and 2 s 2 p 2 2 D triply-excited states, by direct excitation and transfer-excitation processes, respectively, can also be independently studied. In similar mixed-state beam collisions of 15 MeV C 4 + with H 2 , He, Ne and Ar targets, the contributions of the 1 s 2 , 1 s 2 s 3 , 1 S beam components to the formation of the 2 s 2 p 3 , 1 P states by double-excitation, 1 s → 2 p excitation and transfer-loss processes can be clearly identified, facilitating comparisons with theoretical calculations.
Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Migliozzi Daniel , Guibentif Thomas
Published: November 2018

Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.
Decreased Neuron Density and Increased Glia Density in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (Brodmann Area 25) in Williams Syndrome
Authors: Wilder Linnea , Hanson Kari L. , Lew Caroline H. , Bellugi Ursula , Semendeferi Katerina
Published: November 2018

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion of 25–28 genes on chromosome 7 and characterized by a specific behavioral phenotype, which includes hypersociability and anxiety. Here, we examined the density of neurons and glia in fourteen human brains in Brodmann area 25 (BA 25), in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), using a postmortem sample of five adult and two infant WS brains and seven age-, sex- and hemisphere-matched typically developing control (TD) brains. We found decreased neuron density, which reached statistical significance in the supragranular layers, and increased glia density and glia to neuron ratio, which reached statistical significance in both supra- and infragranular layers. Combined with our previous findings in the amygdala, caudate nucleus and frontal pole (BA 10), these results in the vmPFC suggest that abnormalities in frontostriatal and frontoamygdala circuitry may contribute to the anxiety and atypical social behavior observed in WS.
Cross-Modal Priming Effect of Rhythm on Visual Word Recognition and Its Relationships to Music Aptitude and Reading Achievement
Authors: Fotidzis Tess S. , Moon Heechun , Steele Jessica R. , Magne Cyrille L.
Published: November 2018

Recent evidence suggests the existence of shared neural resources for rhythm processing in language and music. Such overlaps could be the basis of the facilitating effect of regular musical rhythm on spoken word processing previously reported for typical children and adults, as well as adults with Parkinson’s disease and children with developmental language disorders. The present study builds upon these previous findings by examining whether non-linguistic rhythmic priming also influences visual word processing, and the extent to which such cross-modal priming effect of rhythm is related to individual differences in musical aptitude and reading skills. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while participants listened to a rhythmic tone prime, followed by a visual target word with a stress pattern that either matched or mismatched the rhythmic structure of the auditory prime. Participants were also administered standardized assessments of musical aptitude and reading achievement. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by target words with a mismatching stress pattern showed an increased fronto-central negativity. Additionally, the size of the negative effect correlated with individual differences in musical rhythm aptitude and reading comprehension skills. Results support the existence of shared neurocognitive resources for linguistic and musical rhythm processing, and have important implications for the use of rhythm-based activities for reading interventions.
Epigenetic Erosion in Adult Stem Cells: Drivers and Passengers of Aging
Authors: Kosan Christian , Heidel Florian H. , Godmann Maren , Bierhoff Holger
Published: November 2018

In complex organisms, stem cells are key for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Adult stem cells replenish continuously dividing tissues of the epithelial and connective types, whereas in non-growing muscle and nervous tissues, they are mainly activated upon injury or stress. In addition to replacing deteriorated cells, adult stem cells have to prevent their exhaustion by self-renewal. There is mounting evidence that both differentiation and self-renewal are impaired upon aging, leading to tissue degeneration and functional decline. Understanding the molecular pathways that become deregulate in old stem cells is crucial to counteract aging-associated tissue impairment. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic mechanisms governing the transition between quiescent and active states, as well as the decision between self-renewal and differentiation in three different stem cell types, i.e., spermatogonial stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and muscle stem cells. We discuss the epigenetic events that channel stem cell fate decisions, how this epigenetic regulation is altered with age, and how this can lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Finally, we provide short prospects of strategies to preserve stem cell function and thus promote healthy aging.
Development of Algae Guard Façade Paint with Statistical Modeling under Natural Phenomena
Authors: Qureshi Sheraz Ahmed , Shafeeq Amir , Ijaz Aamir , Butt Muhammad Moeen
Published: November 2018

Algaecides are chemicals that cause serious health problems. Conventional paints contain algaecides to improve the algae resistance on the paint film. Present research has suggested an environment-friendly paint formulation that focuses on developing algae resistance without having algaecides. In this research, algae growth on newly developed paint is modeled by incorporating dirt resistance of paint and natural phenomena including humidity, temperature, and time, respectively. The fitted Model revealed explained variation of 59.65% in the average algae growth, of which, dirt resistance, humidity, temperature, and some of their interactions play significant role in this variation. The model suggests that the proposed newly developed paint without algaecides is more resistant to algae growth and significantly decreased the average algae growth rate by 0.53% as compared to conventional paints. Keeping the effect of all other factors constant, if dirt resistance of paint (Dc value) increases by one percent, average algae growth decreases by 12.98%; when temperature increases by 1 °C, average algae growth decreases by 22.4%; a positive unit change in the joint linear effect of dirt resistance, temperature, and humidity caused a decrease in average algae growth by 0.0031%. It was also observed that the individual effect of the humidity variable was inversely related with average algae growth. However, the combination of humidity and temperature, humidity and dirt resistance, humidity and time, and the quadratic effect of humidity were found to increase the average algae growth rate. The cubic effect of temperature variable by one degree centigrade resulted in decrease of average algae growth by 0.000907%.
Erratum: Iqbal, A. et al. Metamaterial-Based Highly Isolated MIMO Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications. Electronics 2018, 7, 267
Authors:   Electronics Editorial Office
Published: November 2018

After the publication of the research paper stated in the above title [...]
A Subcontinental Analysis of Forest Fragmentation Effects on Insect and Disease Invasion
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Riitters Kurt H. , Potter Kevin M.
Published: November 2018

The influences of human and physical factors on species invasions have been extensively examined by ecologists across many regions. However, how habitat fragmentation per se may affect forest insect and disease invasion has not been well studied, especially the related patterns over regional or subcontinental scales. Here, using national survey data on forest pest richness and fragmentation data across United States forest ecosystems, we examine how forest fragmentation and edge types (neighboring land cover) may affect pest richness at the county level. Our results show that habitat fragmentation and edge types both affected pest richness. In general, specialist insects and pathogens were more sensitive to fragmentation and edge types than generalists, while pathogens were much less sensitive to fragmentation and edge types than insect pests. Most importantly, the developed land edge type contributed the most to the richness of nonnative insects and diseases, whether measured by the combination of all pest species or by separate guilds or species groups (i.e., generalists vs. specialists, insects vs. pathogens). This observation may largely reflect anthropogenic effects, including propagule pressure associated with human activities. These results shed new insights into the patterns of forest pest invasions, and it may have significant implications for forest restoration and management.
Allometry, Growth and Survival of Three Eucalyptus Species (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden and Cambage, E. dunnii Maiden and E. grandis Hill ex Maiden) in High-Density Plantations in Uruguay
Authors: Resquin Fernando , Navarro-Cerrillo Rafael M. , Rachid-Casnati Cecilia , Hirigoyen Andrés , Carrasco-Letelier Leonidas , Duque-Lazo Joaquín
Published: November 2018

This study presents a yield model for aboveground biomass production from three species the Eucalyptus in northern and western regions of Uruguay, based on sampling records from intensive crop plantations. High-density eucalyptus plantations represent a forestry alternative for the production of forest biomass. This work assessed the survival and growth of three eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, E. dunnii Maiden and E. grandis Hill ex Maiden) planted at densities of 2220, 3330, 4440 and 6660 trees ha−1, for a period of 57 months in northern (Tacuarembó) and western (Paysandú) regions of Uruguay. Linear and logarithmic equations of individual volume were fitted by site and species. The survival of E. grandis, E. benthamii and E. dunnii was not related to planting density, and the highest mortality values occurred in Tacuarembó. The effects of competition among trees were more evident at the highest planting density for E. grandis. In all species, the reduction in diameter was more marked than that of height, as planting density increased. Tree volume showed the same trend, and this was higher with higher planting densities. At Tacuarembó, the volume was the highest with E. benthamii at 6660 trees ha−1 (416.4 m3 ha−1), and, at Paysandú, the highest production was obtained with E. grandis (370.7 m3 ha−1) and with the densities of 4440 and 6660 trees ha−1 (305.9 and 315.3 m3 ha−1, respectively). With all species and planting densities, there was an increase in the accumulated volume during the 57-month study period; however, growth curves indicate that the maximum production per unit time and, therefore, the optimum harvest time occurred at 48 months. In this work, it has been shown that the use of intensive short-rotation plantations of eucalyptus for the production of biomass in Uruguay is suitable in soils prioritized for forestry.
Genome-Wide Analysis of LRR-RLK Gene Family in Four Gossypium Species and Expression Analysis during Cotton Development and Stress Responses
Authors: Sun Ruibin , Wang Shaohui , Ma Dan , Liu Chuanliang
Published: November 2018

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) have been reported to play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, no comprehensive analysis of this family has been performed in cotton (Gossypium spp.), which is an important economic crop that suffers various stresses in growth and development. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of LRR-RLK family in four Gossypium species (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, and Gossypium raimondii). A total of 1641 LRR-RLK genes were identified in the four Gossypium species involved in our study. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree revealed that all the LRR-RLK genes were divided into 21 subgroups. Exon-intron organization structure of LRR-RLK genes kept relatively conserved within subfamilies and between Arabidopsis and Gossypium genomes. Notably, subfamilies XI and XII were found dramatically expanded in Gossypium species. Tandem duplication acted as an important mechanism in expansion of the Gossypium LRR-RLK gene family. Functional analysis suggested that Gossypium LRR-RLK genes were enriched for plant hormone signaling and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Promoter analysis revealed that Gossypium LRR-RLK genes were extensively regulated by transcription factors (TFs), phytohormonal, and various environmental stimuli. Expression profiling showed that Gossypium LRR-RLK genes were widely involved in stress defense and diverse developmental processes including cotton fiber development and provides insight into potential functional divergence within and among subfamilies. Our study provided valuable information for further functional study of Gossypium LRR-RLK genes.
Improving the Gene Ontology Resource to Facilitate More Informative Analysis and Interpretation of Alzheimer’s Disease Data
Authors: Kramarz Barbara , Roncaglia Paola , Meldal Birgit H. M. , Huntley Rachael P. , Martin  Maria J. , Orchard Sandra , Parkinson Helen , Brough David , Bandopadhyay Rina , Hooper Nigel M. , Lovering Ruth C.
Published: November 2018

The analysis and interpretation of high-throughput datasets relies on access to high-quality bioinformatics resources, as well as processing pipelines and analysis tools. Gene Ontology (GO, geneontology.org) is a major resource for gene enrichment analysis. The aim of this project, funded by the Alzheimer’s Research United Kingdom (ARUK) foundation and led by the University College London (UCL) biocuration team, was to enhance the GO resource by developing new neurological GO terms, and use GO terms to annotate gene products associated with dementia. Specifically, proteins and protein complexes relevant to processes involving amyloid-beta and tau have been annotated and the resulting annotations are denoted in GO databases as ‘ARUK-UCL’. Biological knowledge presented in the scientific literature was captured through the association of GO terms with dementia-relevant protein records; GO itself was revised, and new GO terms were added. This literature biocuration increased the number of Alzheimer’s-relevant gene products that were being associated with neurological GO terms, such as ‘amyloid-beta clearance’ or ‘learning or memory’, as well as neuronal structures and their compartments. Of the total 2055 annotations that we contributed for the prioritised gene products, 526 have associated proteins and complexes with neurological GO terms. To ensure that these descriptive annotations could be provided for Alzheimer’s-relevant gene products, over 70 new GO terms were created. Here, we describe how the improvements in ontology development and biocuration resulting from this initiative can benefit the scientific community and enhance the interpretation of dementia data.
Two-State Co-Expression Network Analysis to Identify Genes Related to Salt Tolerance in Thai Rice
Authors: Suratanee Apichat , Chokrathok Chidchanok , Chutimanukul Panita , Khrueasan Nopphawitchayaphong , Buaboocha Teerapong , Chadchawan Supachitra , Plaimas Kitiporn
Published: November 2018

Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) rice is one of the most important crops of Thailand. It is a challenging task to identify the genes responding to salinity in KDML105 rice. The analysis of the gene co-expression network has been widely performed to prioritize significant genes, in order to select the key genes in a specific condition. In this work, we analyzed the two-state co-expression networks of KDML105 rice under salt-stress and normal grown conditions. The clustering coefficient was applied to both networks and exhibited significantly different structures between the salt-stress state network and the original (normal-grown) network. With higher clustering coefficients, the genes that responded to the salt stress formed a dense cluster. To prioritize and select the genes responding to the salinity, we investigated genes with small partners under normal conditions that were highly expressed and were co-working with many more partners under salt-stress conditions. The results showed that the genes responding to the abiotic stimulus and relating to the generation of the precursor metabolites and energy were the great candidates, as salt tolerant marker genes. In conclusion, in the case of the complexity of the environmental conditions, gaining more information in order to deal with the co-expression network provides better candidates for further analysis.
Integrating GEOBIA, Machine Learning, and Volunteered Geographic Information to Map Vegetation over Rooftops
Authors: Griffith David , Hay Geoffrey
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate operational methods for creating a particular type of urban vegetation map—one focused on vegetation over rooftops (VOR), specifically trees that extend over urban residential buildings. A key constraint was the use of passive remote sensing data only. To achieve this, we (1) conduct a review of the urban remote sensing vegetation classification literature, and we then (2) discuss methods to derive a detailed map of VOR for a study area in Calgary, Alberta, Canada from a late season, high-resolution airborne orthomosaic based on an integration of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), pre-classification filtering of image-objects using Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), and a machine learning classifier. Pre-classification filtering lowered the computational burden of classification by reducing the number of input objects by 14%. Accuracy assessment results show that, despite the presence of senescing vegetation with low vegetation index values and deep shadows, classification using a small number of image-object spectral attributes as classification features (n = 9) had similar overall accuracy (88.5%) to a much more complex classification (91.8%) comprising a comprehensive set of spectral, texture, and spatial attributes as classification features (n = 86). This research provides an example of the very specific questions answerable about precise urban locations using a combination of high-resolution passive imagery and freely available VGI data. It highlights the benefits of pre-classification filtering and the judicious selection of features from image-object attributes to reduce processing load without sacrificing classification accuracy.
Thermodynamic Characterization of the Ca2+-Dependent Interaction Between SOUL and ALG-2
Authors: Mikasa Taisuke , Kugo Masami , Nishimura Seigo , Taketani Sigeru , Ishijima Sumio , Sagami Ikuko
Published: November 2018

SOUL, a heme-binding protein-2 (HEBP-2), interacts with apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein (ALG-2) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. To investigate the properties of the interaction of SOUL with ALG-2, we generated several mutants of SOUL and ALG-2 and analyzed the recombinant proteins using pulldown assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. The interaction between SOUL and ALG-2 (delta3-23ALG-2) was an exothermic reaction, with 1:1 stoichiometry and high affinity (Kd = 32.4 nM) in the presence of Ca2+. The heat capacity change (ΔCp) of the reaction showed a large negative value (−390 cal/K·mol), which suggested the burial of a significant nonpolar surface area or disruption of a hydrogen bond network that was induced by the interaction (or both). One-point mutation of SOUL Phe100 or ALG-2 Trp57 resulted in complete loss of heat change, supporting the essential roles of these residues for the interaction. Nevertheless, a truncated mutant of SOUL1-143 that deleted the domain required for the interaction with ALG-2 Trp57 still showed 1:1 binding to ALG-2 with an endothermic reaction. These results provide a better understanding of the target recognition mechanism and conformational change of SOUL in the interaction with ALG-2.
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease. A Single Disorder?
Authors: Fontés Michel
Published: November 2018

Peripheral neuropathies are subdivided into acquired and hereditary transmitted disorders. [...]
Graphene Based Controllable Broadband Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber with Transmission Band
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Zha Song , Liu Peiguo , Liu Chenxi , Bian Li-an , Zhang Jihong , Liu Hanqing , Ding Liang
Published: November 2018

A graphene-based controllable broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber with transmission band is presented in this paper. It consists of a graphene-SiO2-frequency selective surface (FSS) sandwich structure. The sinusoidal graphene layer supports continuous plasmonic resonances, forming a broad electric-tuning absorbing band. Bandpass FSS constructs a transmission window outside the absorbing band. The simulation results indicate that the absorption from 0.5 THz to 1 THz can be tuned continuously from 0.4 to 0.9 with angle and polarization independence. A transparent window peaking at 1.65 THz maintains high transmittance over 0.7. The metamaterial absorber has potential applications for detection, stealth, filtering, and electromagnetic compatibility.
A Feasibility Study on HPMC-Improved Sulphoaluminate Cement for 3D Printing
Authors: Ding Zhu , Wang Xiaodong , Sanjayan Jay , Zou Patrick X.W. , Ding Zhi-Kun
Published: November 2018

A novel 3D printing material based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—improved sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) for rapid 3D construction printing application is reported. The hydration heat, setting time, fluidity of paste and mortar, shape retainability, and compressive strength of extruded SAC mortar were investigated. HPMC dosage, water-to-cement (W/C) ratio, and sand-to-cement (S/C) ratio were studied as the experimental parameters. Hydration heat results reveal HPMC could delay the hydration of SAC. The initial and final setting time measured using Vicat needle would be shortened in the case of W/C ratio of 0.3 and 0.35 with HPMC dosage from 0.5% to 1.5%, W/C ratio of 0.40 with HPMC dosage of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.5%, and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage of 0.45, or be extended in the case of W/C ratio of 0.4 with HPMC dosage of 1.0% and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage from 0.75% to 1.5%. Fluidity measurement shows HPMC significantly improves the shape retainability. Furthermore, the addition of HPMC remarkably increased the compressive strength of extruded mortar. The results showed that HPMC could be used to prepare 3D printing SAC having satisfactory shape retainability, setting time and compressive strength.
Effect of Tartaric Acid on the Printable, Rheological and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Sulphoaluminate Cement Paste
Authors: Chen Mingxu , Guo Xiangyang , Zheng Yan , Li Laibo , Yan Zhen , Zhao Piqi , Lu Lingchao , Cheng Xin
Published: November 2018

Rapid setting and low viscosity of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) make it difficult to be extruded by 3D printing (3DP) technique. In this study, the effect of tartaric acid (TA) on printability, rheology and mechanical property of 3DP SAC paste is investigated. The experimental results indicate that the setting time, hydration evolution and apparent viscosity of SAC paste can be well controlled by adding a proper amount of TA to satisfy the requirements of 3DP. An excellent structure of SAC paste with the ultimate deformation rate less than 10% can be printed without compromising mechanical strength.