bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencia del entrenamiento en la composición corporal en los jugadores de béisbol durante la pre-temporada (Incidence of the training in the corporal composition in the baseball players during the pretemporada)
Authors: Mesa Sánchez Luciano , Aguilera Ramírez Beymer , Hernández Gallardo Damaris
Published: March 2024

El proceso de entrenamiento provoca cambios morfológicos en el organismo de los deportistas. A tenor con lo anterior es que se llevó a cabo la investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar la incidencia del entrenamiento en la composición corporal en los jugadores de béisbol durante la pretemporada de la Serie Nacional 62 del Béisbol en Cuba. El estudio fue de tipo longitudinal y con particularidades descriptivas. La muestra la integraron 20 jugadores de Béisbol de la provincia Camagüey que conformaron la preselección a la Serie Nacional 62, con promedio de edad de 23 años, la selección se realizó mediante el muestreo no probabilístico intencional, a partir de considerar a aquellos que participaron de manera ininterrumpida en el proceso de preparación. Como método científico fundamental se utilizó la medición, lo que posibilitó determinar los valores de los diferentes pliegues cutáneos, la talla y el peso corporal, empleados en la determinación de la composición corporal, por el método de los seis pliegues. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que el porcentaje de las grasas disminuye en el transcurso de la preparación pretemporada e incrementa el desarrollo muscular. Se concluye que el entrenamiento ha tenido una incidencia positiva en la dinámica de la composición corporal de los jugadores de béisbol estudiados.
Palabras clave: Entrenamiento deportivo, composición corporal, pliegues cutáneos, Béisbol, índice de sustancia activa.
 
Abstract.  The process of training causes changes morphological in the organism of the sportsmen. To tenor with the above-mentioned is that it was carried out the investigation that had as objective to analyze the incidence of the training in the body composition in the baseball players during the preseason of the Cuban National Series 62. The study was of longitudinal type and with descriptive particularities. The sample integrated it 20 players of Baseball of the county Camagüey that conformed the preselection to the National Series 62, with average of 23-year-old age, the selection was not carried out by means of the sampling intentional probabilistic, starting from considering those that participated in an uninterrupted way in the preparation process. As fundamental scientific method the measurement was used, what facilitated to determine the values of the different skin fold, the size and the body weight, employees in the determination of the body composition, for the method of the six pleats. As main results it was obtained that the percentage of the fats diminishes in the course of the preparation preseason and it increases the muscle development. You conclude that the training has had a positive incidence in the dynamics of the body composition of the studied baseball players.
Keywords: Sport training, body composition, skin fold, baseball, index of active substance.
Jazz Dance in menopause: protocol study for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana , Yani Fausto Danielly , Da Silveira Juliana , Boing Leonessa , Huyer da Roza Thuane , Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana
Published: March 2024

Background: Dance as an example of Physical Activity, although not much studied, is shown as a positive non-pharmacological therapy that decreases physical, psychological, and sexual symptoms arisen from menopause.  Objective: To provide a Jazz Dance protocol (twice a week / 12 weeks) for menopausal women and compare its effectiveness with the Control Group. Method: This study is a protocol for a randomized clinical trial with menopausal women with two arms: Control Group and Jazz Intervention Group. A 12-week protocol developed for women between the ages of 40 and 59 to analyze the Jazz Dance effect on the primary outcome: Menopause Symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale); and on the secondary outcomes - physical aspects: BMI, body fat percentage (Ultrasound (BX-2000, IntelaMetrix Inc., USA) alongside to Jackson & Pollock's 7 folds equation); fitness cardiorespiratory: (Treadmill (Embramed atl 2000) to lead the submaximal exercise test following the modified Bruce protocol); hormonal aspects: Follicle-stimulating hormone levels (blood sample), and psychological aspects- depressive symptoms and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); mood (Brunel Mood Scale) and stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale). Discussion: This study will be the first Jazz Dance protocol offered to support a new randomized clinical trial with menopausal women focused on dancing as a non-medicated treatment.
Keywords: Dancing; exercise; menopause; menopausal symptoms; protocol; Randomized clinical trial.
The effects of boccia training load on emotional intelligence and quality of life in individuals with cer-ebral palsy
Authors: Rezavandzayeri Farzad , Vila Suarez Helena , Khortabi Amir , Cancela Carral José María
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research was to determine the correlation between the load (volume) of boccia training and emotional intelligence and quality of life in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). 165 individuals with CP who had severe activity limitations in their legs, arms and trunk (BC1) were voluntarily enrolled in this study. The type of design is characterized by being sectional-correlational. The participants were assigned to one of the boccia groups: G2 (2 hours/week), G4 (4 hours/week) and G6 (6 hours/week). The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and WHOQOL-Bref world health organization's quality of life questionnaire assessed these patients' emotional intelligence and quality of life of these patients respectively. To determine the degree of association, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used, and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni were applied to compare the variables between the groups. The normality of the sample was tested through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results showed how the training load is a conditioning factor for the levels of quality of life and emotional intelligence, identifying that the greater the load, the better the levels of the indicated parameters. The dimensions of quality of life: physical and psychological health are those with the greatest difference between group G2 (physical health: 19.61±6.83; psychological= 18.71±5.37) and group G4 (physical health: 58.25±16.61; psychological= 54.17 ±16.24) and G6 (physical health: 61.56±8.85; psychological= 56.29±3.48). Regarding emotional intelligence, we must highlight the emotion perception dimension as the one that is most influenced by the weekly training load (G2: 27.78±3.51, G4: 38.20±1.90, G6: 39.76±2.66). The results have indicated a moderate to strong evaluation between boccia training volume and emotional intelligence (0.842>r>0.744). and quality of life (0.899>r>0.770). Based on the results, and with the aim of optimizing the effects, it is recommended to practice Boccia in individuals with CP for four days a week.
Keywords: Para-sport, Physical exercise, Brain impairment, Emotional.
Slingshot Accuracy in Traditional Games: What is The Ideal Grip in Shooting?
Authors: Irawan Fajar Awang , Setiawati Ai Sumirah , Permana Dhias Fajar Widya , Aditya Lukman , Rahesti Nonik , Ghassani Dina Syarafina
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanics of the ideal grip on the traditional game of slingshots. This study used quantitative methods that were described in detail using descriptive analytics with a one-shot case study design. The sample in this study consisted of 10 people who were activists of the traditional slingshot game in Semarang Regency and filled out complete consent information as a willingness to participate in the research to completion. The data in this study is in the form of kinematic data obtained from the results of video analysis using Kinovea software version 0.9.5. The quantitative data in this study is in the form of a recap of kinematic data consisting of 3 phases, namely the preparation phase; the release phase; and the follow-through phase. The results of this study found that the preparatory phase had an average grip angle of 99.08 ± 5,995 degrees. Grip angle data at release phase 99.66 ± 4.977 degrees. This study found the conclusion that the ideal grip is a straight hand position parallel to the pull of the arm until an angle of approximately 90 degrees is formed with the slingshot position slightly tilted, this position can provide enough space for the other hand to pull the slingshot rubber back. So that the pull carried out can be maximized and can be adjusted to the intended target distance. It is expected that further research can discuss the analysis of pull length and shot accuracy.
Keywords: biomechanics analysis; traditional games, slingshot; grip.
Tomada de decisão de jogadores de futebol Sub-17 de acordo com a posição
Authors: Inácio Souza de Oliveira Gabriel , Aquino de Lima Josimar , Vasconcellos Fabrício , Silva Davi , José Lessa de Moura Eriberto
Published: March 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho e a velocidade de tomada de decisão de jogadores de futebol sub-17 de diferentes posições. A amostra foi composta por 111 jogadores. Os dados foram coletados através da plataforma TacticUP®. Para analisar os dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a distribuição dos dados e o teste inferencial ANOVA, com o post-hoc de Bonferroni, para comparar as possíveis diferenças no desempenho e a velocidade de tomada de decisão entre os jogadores de diferentes posições. Os resultados mostraram que esses jogadores obtiveram um desempenho semelhante na tomada de decisão. Entretanto, para a velocidade na tomada de decisão, os zagueiros foram mais lentos do que os meio-campistas e atacantes, tanto para ações ofensivas como defensivas próximas e distantes da bola. Conclui-se que a velocidade da tomada de decisão difere de acordo com a posição.
Palavra-chave: Futebol; tomada de decisão; estatuto posicional.
Efectividad del ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico en el equilibrio de personas mayores de 45 años en etapa 3 de Parkinson. Una revisión narrativa (Comparison of the effectiveness between aerobic and anaerobic exercise for balance in individuals over 45 years old with Stage 3 Parkinson's disease. Scoping review)
Authors: Oñate Navarrete Cristian José , Calfuñanco-Cid Sebastián Ignacio , Cayo-González Ariel Fernando , Castro-Paredes Carolina Andrea
Published: March 2024

El objetivo del artículo es conocer la influencia del ejercicio terapéutico aeróbico y anaeróbico en personas que sufren de la enfermedad de Parkinson en estadio 3, con un énfasis particular en su impacto en el equilibrio y la capacidad motora. Metodología: se realizó una revisión narrativa con artículos publicados desde el 2015 hasta el 2021 en bases de datos como PEDro y PubMed, abarcando un período de los últimos 8 años, desde 2015 hasta 2021. Los criterios de elegibilidad se centraron en la selección de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados relacionados con el estadio 3 de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) en personas mayores de 45 años. Estos ensayos debían estar vinculados al uso de ejercicios de equilibrio, ejercicios aeróbicos y anaeróbicos. Resultados: se seleccionaron 13 artículos según criterios de elegibilidad, subrayando la relevancia de considerar el ejercicio como parte integral de las estrategias de tratamiento para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa. Conclusiones: Si bien las investigaciones brindan pautas generales de dosificación terapéutica, faltan hallazgos clínicos de los beneficios a largo plazo de estas intervenciones.
Palabras claves: ejercicio terapéutico, Parkinson, enfermedad neurodegenerativa, ejercicio aeróbico.
Abstract. The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of aerobic and anaerobic therapeutic exercise on individuals suffering from stage 3 Parkinson's disease, with a particular emphasis on its impact on balance and motor capacity. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using articles published from 2015 to 2021, sourced from databases such as PEDro and PubMed, covering the last 8 years, spanning from 2015 to 2021. Eligibility criteria focused on the selection of randomized clinical trials related to stage 3 Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals over 45 years of age. These trials were required to be associated with the use of balance exercises, aerobic exercises, and anaerobic exercises. Results: 13 articles were selected according to eligibility criteria, underscoring the significance of considering exercise as an integral part of treatment strategies to enhance the quality of life for patients with this neurodegenerative disease. Conclusions: While research provides general therapeutic dosing guidelines, there is a lack of long-term clinical findings regarding the benefits of these interventions.
Keywords: therapeutic exercise, Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative disease, aerobic exercise.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Numerical investigation of environmental factors affecting security in sports facilities
Authors: Rezavandzayeri Farzad , Khodadadi Mohammad Rasoul , Talatahari Siamak
Published: March 2024

Sports are one of the most essential categories of developed and developing societies, among which football, as the most popular sport in the world, receives special attention from governments. Therefore, to increase the attendance of people in stadiums, it is necessary for the managers to identify the factors influencing the attendance of spectators, both psychological and internal factors, as well as external and environmental factors, and to design and implement a written and specific strategy and plan. Having a sense of security is one of the influential factors in creating satisfaction in the audience. Due to the high cost of building sports facilities and spaces, care should be taken about many factors and variables, especially the correct location of such spaces, to enable easier access, fairer distribution, and greater security. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the environmental factors that affect security in sports facilities with the approach of crime prevention through environmental design in stadiums. The instrument in this research is a questionnaire on security in sports facilities with the effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design. Finally, the artificial neural network system method was used in MATLAB (A 2018) and SPSS (V24) software to analyze the data and answer the research questions. Environmental factors of access, light and illumination, readability, visibility and natural surveillance, repair and maintenance, dynamics, functional disorders, and guide signs respectively had a positive effect on security and crime prevention through environmental design in sports facilities. Therefore, sports directors and architects must pay attention to these indicators in the design of sports stadiums.
Keywords: Stadiums, Sport Management, Sports Events, CPTED Approach, Neural Networks.
El juego, el círculo mágico y la autotelia (Play, the magic circle and autotelia)
Authors: Reyes Rodríguez Alixon David
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo de corte ensayístico parte de la premisa de la autotelia como característica primigenia del juego, y, en tal sentido, tiene como propósito analizar la noción del círculo mágico propuesto por Johan Huizinga en el contexto de su estudio sobre la fenomenología del juego en el Homo Ludens. Este análisis ha de considerarse, además, bajo el concepto de la autotelia en contraposición a la noción de productividad, y se une a la concepción de James Carse de los juegos finitos y los juegos infinitos, a propósito de la utilización del juego como estrategia didáctica y como herramienta pedagógica en el ámbito escolar, en procesos de intervención educativa y en el espectro de la literatura científica proveniente de investigación. Se concluye afirmando que existe una incongruencia epistémica en relación con la noción de juego en el ámbito escolar, adocenado por una ruptura del círculo mágico que propone Johan Huizinga, lo que, de inicio, confirma que la escuela ha colonizado el juego.
Palabras clave: juego, círculo mágico, realidad, fantasía, autonomía.
Abstract. This essay is based on the premise of autotelia as a primordial characteristic of play, and, in this sense, its purpose is to analyse the notion of the magic circle proposed by Johan Huizinga in the context of his study on the phenomenology of play in Homo Ludens. This analysis is also to be considered under the concept of autotelia as opposed to the notion of productivity, and is linked to James Carse's conception of finite games and infinite games, with regard to the use of play as a didactic strategy and pedagogical tool in the school environment, in processes of educational intervention and in the spectrum of scientific research literature. It is concluded by affirming that there is an epistemic incongruence in relation to the notion of play in the school environment, which is based on a rupture of the magic circle proposed by Johan Huizinga, which, from the outset, confirms that the school has colonised play.
Keywords: play, magic circle, reality, fantasy, autotelia.
Unilateral Hamstring Muscle Strengthening Exercises Can Improve Hamstring Asymmetry and Increase Jumping Performance in Sub-Elite Badminton Athletes
Authors: Wiriawan Oce , Rusdiawan Afif , Kusuma Donny Ardy , Firmansyah Awang , García-Jiménez José Vicente , Zein Muhammad Ikhwan , Pavlovic Ratko , Nowak Agnieszka Magdalena , Susanto Nugroho , Pranoto Adi
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of 10 weeks of unilateral training on asymmetry and jumping performance in sub-elite badminton athletes. 23 out of 41 badminton athletes who met the inclusion criteria were taken as samples in this study. Selected samples will be given unilateral exercise interventions in the form of Swiss ball hamstring curl exercises and single leg bridge for ten weeks with a frequency of exercise 3 times a week. Data were collected two times before the intervention (pretest) was given and after the intervention (posttest). The measurement uses the Norbord test to determine the condition of hamstring asymmetry and the Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) jump test to determine jump height. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of hamstring asymmetry p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 20.26±10.25 % to Posttest: 9.20±3.51 %) and has a large effect size with a Cohen's d value of 1.443, and an increase in jump height p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 33.06±4.93 cm to Posttest: 35.17±4.54 cm) and has a medium effect size with a Cohen's d value of 0.447. The conclusion is that 30 unilateral exercises for ten weeks can improve hamstring asymmetry above 10% and increase jumping performance in badminton athletes.
Keywords: Hamstring Asymmetry, Jump performance, Unilateral exercise
HIIT y su influencia sobre el VO2max en estudiantes de fisioterapia (HIIT and its influence on VO2max in physiotherapy students)
Authors: Potosí-Moya Verónica , Paredes-Gómez Ronnie , Durango-Sánchez Ximena
Published: March 2024

Se ha evidenciado la importancia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) y su influencia en el consumo de VO2máx en las personas. Considerando que la tendencia actual de la fisioterapia radica en la periodización de ejercicio terapéutico y la puesta en práctica de esta, es necesario la adherencia del mismo a programas de entrenamiento que garanticen el buen estado físico del profesional de fisioterapia. El objetivo general del estudio fue describir como el HIIT puede incidir sobre el VO2máx en estudiantes de la carrera de fisioterapia en la Universidad Técnica del Norte en Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental, pre y post-test, de tipo cuantitativo; con una muestra de 66 sujetos divididos en GE (31) y GC (35); los cuales fueron evaluados en forma inicial y final a través del Test de Cooper, calculando el VO2max; el GE recibió instrucciones para realizar HIIT programados para 8 semanas y el GC mantuvo sus actividades habituales. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la prueba de T para muestras relacionadas. Se registró un aumento significativo (P=<0,01) de la distancia recorrida y del VO2max en relación de la distancia y del VO2max del grupo control (P=>0,01). Se concluye que el HIIT puede mejorar los niveles de VO2max en los estudiantes de fisioterapia, genera beneficios en la disminución de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, sin embargo, los niveles de IMC se mantienen iguales.
Palabras Clave: HIIT, VO2max, estudiantes, fisioterapia
 
Abstract.  The importance of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and its influence on VO2max consumption in people has been evidenced. Considering that the current trend in physiotherapy lies in the periodization of therapeutic exercise and its implementation, it is necessary to adhere to training programs that guarantee the physical fitness of the physiotherapy professional. The general objective of the study was to describe how HIIT can affect VO2max in physiotherapy students at the Técnica del Norte University in Ecuador. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test quantitative design was used; with a sample of 66 subjects divided into EG (31) and CG (35); which were evaluated initially and finally through the Cooper Test, calculating the VO2max; the GE was instructed to perform HIIT scheduled for 8 weeks and the GC maintained their usual activities. Data were analyzed using the T-test for related samples. There was a significant increase (P=<0.01) in distance traveled and VO2max in relation to distance and VO2max in the control group (P=>0.01). It is concluded that HIIT can improve VO2max levels in physiotherapy students, generates benefits in lowering maximum heart rate, however, BMI levels remain the same.
 Keywords: HIIT, VO2max, students, physiotherapy
El disfrute, desarrollo, cuidado de la vida y comprensión de los desafíos del ámbito pedagógico desde la corporeidad (The enjoyment, development, life care, and understanding of the pedagogical challenges from the perspective of corporeality)
Authors: Acuña González Sandra Liliana
Published: March 2024

Se conocen los desafíos del ámbito pedagógico desde la corporeidad, presencia, lenguaje y posibilidad de encuentro de los estudiantes. Se realiza una revisión del concepto mismo de corporeidad, qué se entiende por cuerpo humano y cómo se relaciona con el individuo; pasando por la infancia; el desarrollo motor que afirma la interacción entre cuerpo humano, mente y emoción; y por otra parte, la importancia de la pedagogía como un saber crítico emancipador que posibilita el ser autosuficiente y las formas de ser y hacer sociedad, junto con la pedagogía infantil, la cual tiene los mismos principios, construyendo y estimulando la habilidad de creación para incentivar el desarrollo. Se realiza una selección y análisis documental de artículos de 17 revistas y proyectos de 10 universidades, de los cuales se seleccionan 48 textos, a través de descriptores como: pedagogía de la corporeidad, infancia, corporeidad, pedagogía infantil y escuela. Se destaca la importancia de atraer esos ámbitos académicos a una reflexión íntima del cuerpo, los sentires, las experiencias y las relaciones para que los estudiantes se sientan en lugares seguros, los educadores entiendan la comunicación no verbal y las futuras generaciones convivan, desde el cuidado de si y el respeto hacia el otro.
Palabras Clave: Corporeidad, Pedagogía, Infancia, Escuela.
 
Abstract. In this paper, the challenges of the pedagogical field from the point of view of corporeality, presence, language, and the possibility of students´ interaction are discussed. A review is carried out on the corporeality concept itself, the meaning of the human body, and how it is related to the individual, particularly childhood which is the motor development that affirms the interaction between the human body, and mind emotion. On the other hand, the importance of pedagogy as an emancipating critical knowledge that enables the self-sufficient being and the ways of creating society, along with children pedagogy, which has the same principles, building and stimulating the ability of creation to encourage development. The present study involves a selection and documentary analysis of 48 articles taken from 17 journals and projects from 10 universities, by using descriptors such as pedagogy of corporeality, childhood, corporeality, children's pedagogy, and school. The challenges of corporeality are focused on appealing these academic environments to an intimate reflection of the body, feelings, experiences, and relationships so that students can feel in safe places, educators can understand non-verbal communication and future generations can coexist, based on respect for the other with a suitable communication.
Keywords: Corporeality, Pedagogy, Childhood, School.
Relationship of muscle strength, power, and leg flexibility with the swim start of the butterfly style
Authors: Sadewa Yanuar Rachman , Sumaryanto Sumaryanto , Sumarjo Sumarjo
Published: March 2024

This study aims to explore the relationship between leg muscle strength, leg power, and leg flexibility with the butterfly swimming start ability. A descriptive method with correlational study technique was used with a population consisting of Swimming Association athletes, and a sample of 12 male athletes who met the age and swimming ability criteria set. Data were collected through surveys, tests, and measurements, then analyzed using the product moment correlation technique and test-retest for validity and reliability. The results showed a significant relationship between leg muscle strength, leg power, and leg flexibility with the butterfly swimming start ability, with leg power showing the strongest relationship. Specifically, leg muscle strength had a correlation of 66.67%, leg power had a correlation of 83.33%, and leg flexibility had a correlation of 50.00% with the butterfly swimming start ability. These findings provide valuable insights for coaches and athletes in designing more effective training programs to enhance butterfly swimming start ability.
Keywords: strength, power, flexibility, swimming start
Del barrio al estadio: fútbol, género y clase en la serie documental Un sueño Real (HBO: 2020-2022) (From the Neighborhood to the Stadium: Football, Gender and Class in the Documentary Series A Real Dream (HBO: 2020-2022))
Authors: Martínez Pérez Natalia , Dueñas Mohedas Sonia , Cuenca Orellana Nerea
Published: March 2024

En los últimos años han proliferado los contenidos deportivos de carácter documental, impulsados por la variedad de oferta de los consolidados servicios bajo demanda transnacionales (HBO Max, Netflix, Amazon Prime Vídeo, Apple+, Disney+ o Hulu) y españoles (Movistar+, Atresplayer Premium). Este tipo de formato, en consonancia con la progresiva visibilidad de las mujeres en el deporte, ha derivado hacia una tendencia que consolida los productos audiovisuales protagonizados por mujeres deportistas, y en los que se muestran sus dificultades para abrirse camino. La serie Un sueño Real (HBO: 2020-2022), dirigida por Ana Pastor, retrata la lucha del equipo de fútbol femenino Club Deportivo Tacón hasta ascender a la primera división española para, más tarde, ser absorbido por el Real Madrid. Partiendo de los estudios culturales con perspectiva de género, este artículo analiza cómo la serie explora temas como la igualdad de género y el reconocimiento en el fútbol, así como las barreras y prejuicios a los que se enfrentan las mujeres en el mundo del deporte rey.
Palabras clave: (Fuente: tesauro de la Unesco) Deporte; fútbol; género; televisión; desigualdad social; España; producción televisiva.
Abstract. In recent years, documentary sports content has proliferated, driven by the variety of contents of the consolidated transnational (HBO Max, Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Apple+, Disney+ or Hulu) and Spanish (Movistar+, Atresplayer Premium) on-demand services. This type of format, in line with the progressive visibility of women in sport, has led to a trend of audiovisual products in documentary format focusing on women athletes and their difficulties in breaking through. The series Un sueño Real (HBO: 2020-2022), directed by Ana Pastor, portrays the struggle of the women's football team Club Deportivo Tacón to be promoted to the Spanish first division and later absorbed by Real Madrid. From a cultural studies with a gender perspective, this article looks at how the series explores issues such as gender equality and recognition in football, as well as the barriers and prejudices faced by women in the world of the beautiful game.
Keywords: (Source: Unesco Thesaurus) Sport, football, gender roles, television, social inequality, Spain, television production.
Exploring the reasons of unsuccessful attempts in examination during postgraduate clinical training
Authors: Ehsan Sumera , Fazal Muhammad Owais , Ayub Ayesha , Badar Beenish
Published: March 2024

Objective: To explore the reasons of unsuccessful attempt in examination during postgraduate clinical training in Pakistan.
Method: The qualitative, exploratory study was conducted at the Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan, from December 1, 2022, to February 25, 2023, and comprised postgraduate trainees from different departments who had at least one unsuccessful attempt in examination during their residency programme. Data was collected through direct interviews that were recorded. The data was subjected to thematic narrative analysis.
Results: Of the 14 participants, 10(71.4%) were males and 4(28.5%) were females. The maximum number of unsuccessful attempts were 7(7%), followed by 6(14%), 4(7%), 3(14%), 2(42%) and 11(14%). There were 3 main themes; personal factors, training factors, and exam factors. All the themes had subthemes.
Conclusion: At the start of the residency programme, postgraduate trainees must be provided with adequate guidance, and a support system must be present during the programme to help them cope with the stress during training.
Key Words: Medical residents, Surgical residents, Training, Postgraduation, Reasons, Unsuccessful.
Association of serum protein electrophoresis with clinicopathological characteristics and its prognostic relevance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients
Authors: Hameed Aisha , Nadia Sajid  , Rabia Basri Javaid  , Nadir Ali
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To assess the association of serum protein electrophoresis abnormalities with clinicopathological characteristics, and its impact on overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients.
Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Haematology and Immunology departments of the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from 2019 to 2022, and comprised newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Lactate dehydrogenase and beta-2 microglobulin levels were measured by spectrophotometric principle, whereas serum protein electrophoresis was determined through commercially available capillary electrophoresis systems. Patients were followed up for 2 years post-diagnosis. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 50 patientss, 40(80%) were males and 10(20%) were females. The overall mean age was 60±11 years. Serum protein electrophoresis was available for 40(80%) patients, and, among them, 12(30%) patients had abnormal levels, while 29(72.5%) required treatment. Overall response rate was 25(86.2%), and median two-year overall survival was 16.5 months (95% confidence interval: 10-20 months).
Abnormal serum protein electrophoresis was significantly associated with Binet stage C, lower mean haemoglobin levels and higher median levels of lactate dehydrogenase and beta-2 microglobulin (p<0.05)). Regarding overall survival, the survival curves of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients with normal and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis status differed significantly (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Abnormal serum protein electrophoresis could be considered a surrogate marker for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukaemia disease.
Key Words: CLL, Serum protein electrophoresis, Overall survival, Pakistan.
Relationship between academic procrastination and self-efficacy amongst dental undergraduate students at a public university in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Hina , Ahmed Sanaa , Raza Syed Moosa , Irshad Marium , Fahim Hana , Usman Taha
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To compare the procrastination and self-efficacy scores among students with respect to the academic year of dental undergraduate programme, and to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and academic procrastination among the students.
Method: The descriptive study was conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, from January to March 2023, and comprised medical students of either gender from all the 4 academic years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire whose validity was assessed using a pilot study. Data was analysed using SPSS 18.
Results: Of the 136 students, 84(61.8%) were females and 52(38.2%) were males. There were 34(25%) students from the 1st year, 32(23.5%) from 2nd year, 38(28%) from the 3rd year, and 32(23.5%) from the final year. The highest mean score for procrastination was from 3rd year students 67.7±12.8, while the highest mean score for self-efficacy was from 1st year students 30.2±4. There was no significant difference in terms of gender (p>0.05). Procrastination scores had a significant association with the academic year (p=0.016).
Conclusion: Procrastination scores were high among the dental students with the highest score from 3rd year students. The academic environment should provide support help the students devise strategies to optimally utilise the available time.
Key Words: Procrastination, Suicidal ideation, Workload, Motivation, Depression.
Attention to cryptococcal meningitis in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Liang Dongrui , Ma Shengnan , Li Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

Madam,
An important opportunistic pathogen called cryptococcus neoformans typically affects those who have compromised immune systems.1 AIDS-associated cryptococcal infections now account for 80 – 90% of all patients with cryptococcosis. Among HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal infection, studies indicated that 41 – 61% of these patients received immunosuppressive drugs, most had systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer, and only a few patients had primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS).2 In PNS patients, steroid or immunosuppressive medication results in immunologic dysfunction, which enhances the risk of infection.
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an unusual and frequently fatal complication in patients with PNS.3 Because the clinical features of CM are normally atypical and the diagnosis is usually neglected, the infection develops and neurological injury arises. Furthermore, limited information is available about the clinical characteristics of PNS with CM to date. Usual clinical features include nausea, vomiting, headache, meningeal irritation indications, and fever, the latter of which was the early and common sign of CM.4 The CM diagnosis were based on the extracting cryptococcus neoformans from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a positive India ink staining. The opportunistic fungus pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, with C. neoformans predominating worldwide, causes CM, an infection of the meninges. CM is typically an immune-compromised condition with high morbidity and death rates, especially in those patients with HIV. Without anti-fungal therapy, the mortality rate in CM patients was reported to exceed 100%, and even after taking widely available anti-fungal medications, it can still be relatively high (20–60%).5 Moreover, the widespread use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics, by medical practitioners has steadily raised concerns about the occurrence of CM in HIV-negative patients.
Although immunosuppressive medications and corticosteroids are the primary treatment for PNS, these agents enhance immune system impairment. As a result, among those patients with PNS, infection is one of the most frequent complications, even CM and invasive fungal infections. There have been some case reports of CM in PNS patients from various countries, with China having the majority of these reports due to the country's high NS patient population.5 The induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases of CM treatment are designated in the updated Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendations published in 2010. For non-HIV and non-transplant patients, amphotericin B liposome plus 5-fluorocytosine is the optimum therapy option during the induction period.4 But during the treatment, these medications need to be cared for their side effects.
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Barriers to safe anaesthesia care in South Asian countries: a virtual focus group discussion
Authors: Gauhar Afshan  , Khan Robyna Irshad , Karmaliani Rozina , Ahmed Aliya , Khan Fauzia Anis
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To identify barriers to safe anaesthesia practice across the South Asian region.
Method: The qualitative study was conducted from September 2020 to August 2021 at the Department of Anaesthesiology at a leading medical university after getting exemption from the ethics review committee of the Pakistan Society of Anaesthesiologists. The sample comprised anaesthetists from 6 countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Data was collected through a focus group discussion held virtually using the Zoom app on September 22, 2020.  The proceedings were transcribed and the data was subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: Of the 12 anaesthetists, 4(33.3%) were from India, 3(25%) from Pakistan, 2(16.7%) from Bangladesh, and 1(8.3%) each from Sri Lanka, Nepal and Afghanistan. There were 2 main themes identified; Safe anaesthesia and barriers to safe anaesthesia. They had 4 and 6 subthemes, respectively. The participants agreed that fresh medical graduates were not choosing anaesthesia as a preferred career specialty. One major concern raised was that qualified anaesthetists were leaving their countries for better-paid jobs abroad.
Conclusion: The lack of a definition describing qualified anaesthetists in South Asian countries was pointed out. Lack of basic monitoring and drugs, brain drain, lack of ownership, lack of training programmes, lack of accountability, weak leadership, and disconnect between professional societies and governments were identified as the main barriers to safe anaesthesia.
Key Words: Safe practice, Anaesthesia, Developing countries, Developed countries.
Vitamin D and Menopause
Authors: Admin  , Megha Sharma  , Sanjay Kalra
Published: March 2024

Menopause is the transition period in female life cycle. Resultant hormonal changes lead to adverse health effects. Women may seek treatment due to significant impairment in quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency is a globally prevalent problem. Vitamin D deficiency in menopausal women may aggravate the adverse health risks associated with menopause. In this article, the authors discuss endocrinology and clinical features of menopause, Vitamin D and its links with menopause, and the potential role of Vitamin D supplementation to combat detrimental multi-organ system effects of menopause.

KEYWORDS: Vitamin D, menopause, Vitamin D supplementation
Glucokathexis
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Saurabh Arora  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: March 2024

Glucokathexis is a clinical state characterized by low plasma glucose levels, in the presence of adequate glucose precursor stores. We conceive and construct this rubric to initiate interest and inspire insight into this field of metabolic medicine. We list various conditions that can cause true as well as pseudo-glucokathexis.

Keywords:  Autoimmunity, counter-regulatory mechanism, diabetes, glucose hypoglycaemia, insulin, insulin resistance, nutrition
The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Neurolymphomatosis: A Comprehensive Imaging Approach
Authors: Sharjeel Usmani  , Anjali Jain  , Khulood Al Riyami  , Najeeb Ahmed  , Rashid Al-Sukaiti  , Muhammad Shahzad Shamim
Published: March 2024

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is an uncommon and rare neurologic disorder characterised by extranodal lymphoma, where the tumour cells invade the cranial nerves, nerve plexus, nerve root, spinal nerve roots, trunk nerves or peripheral nerves. MRI is the modality of choice, but is often challenging in detection of early recurrence, assessing residual disease and response evaluation. 18F-FDG PET/CT has superior diagnostic performance compared with body CT in the evaluation of NL. 18F-FDG PET-CT is helpful in evaluation of disease extent and potential to guide biopsy. 18F-FDG PETCT is a highly sensitive technique for early localisation of NL than MRI or CT alone. Besides diagnostic and prognostic value in NL, it might be very helpful in response assessment.

Key Words: 18F-FDG PET/CT; Neurolymphomatosis; peripheral nervous system.
An eight-week single-blind randomised controlled trial on dual task balance training and motor imagery practice in ischaemic stroke survivors
Authors: Zafar Maria , Misbah Ghous  , Jahan Saira
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of motor imagery on balance and mobility of stroke patients.This was a single-blind randomised controlled trial which included a total of 30 patients. These patients were assigned into two group: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) by sealed envelope method. Functional Reach Test (FRT), Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) were used as assessment tools. The overall mean age of the participants was 52.63 ±8.78 years. Between groups analysis showed non-statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in FRT but significant difference in TUGT, BBS, and MIQ-3 (p<0.009) after eight weeks of training. Within group analysis showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) for all outcome measures. This study concluded that motor imagery is an effective treatment strategy for improving balance and mobility in stroke patients and brings better results as compared to conventional treatments.
Challenging behaviour and epilepsy in patients with intellectual disability: frequency and mutual association
Authors: Muhammad Shakeel  , Adeela
Published: March 2024

Comorbid epilepsy and challenging behaviours is quiet common in patients with ID (intellectual disability). This study aims to determine the frequency and mutual association between epilepsy and challenging behaviours. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 252 patients were enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Comorbid epilepsy and CB (challenging behaviour) were seen in 111 (44.6%) and 116 (46.6%) patients, respectively. Epilepsy and severity of intellectual disability (ID) are statistically and significantly associated with challenging behaviour. This study concluded that comorbid epilepsy is more common among people with ID as compared to the general population. The clinical variables, i.e. comorbid epilepsy and severity of ID have statistically significant association with the CB.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Challenging behaviour, Intellectual disability.
Significance of serum ferritin and De Ritis ratio in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as diagnostic markers
Authors: Anoshia Javed  , Dr. Khadija Mehboob  , Amir Rashid  , Asifa Majeed  , Muhammad Imran Ibrahim  , Dr. Iffat Mushtaq
Published: March 2024

Objective: To ascertain the significance of serum ferritin and De Ritis ratio as diagnostic markers in patients of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to October 2022 at the Radiology Department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised individuals aged 30-65 who were divided into 3 groups. Healthy controls formed group I, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus formed group II and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were in group III.  Blood 5ml was withdrawn and assessed for alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and ferritin. De Ritis ratio was calculated and subjected to intergroup comparison. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 210 subjects, 110(52.4%) were males and 100(47.6%) were females, with 70(33.3%) in each of the three groups. Group I had 38(54.3%) females and 32(45.7%) males with mean age 37.50±4.513. In group II, there were 27(38.6%) females and 43(61.4%) males with mean age 45.86±9.646, while in group III there were 35(50%) females and 35(50%) males with mean age 54.01±9.243. Serum ferritin levels were significantly increased in patient groups II and III compared to control group I (p<0.05). De Ritis ratio was markedly raised in groups II and III compared to group I (p<0.05). Ferritin was significantly correlated to age, weight, height, fasting blood sugar, haemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and bilirubin (p<0.05). De Ritis ratio had a significant correlation with body mass index and fasting blood sugar (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum ferritin and De Ritis ratio were found to be useful diagnostic indicators for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, highlighting their importance in improving disease screening.
Key Words: NAFLD, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Ferritin, SGPT, SGOT.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Uro-Pathogens emphasizing non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli
Authors: Fatima Ambreen , Rizvi Mehwish , Sajjad Mehwish , Gohar Hareem , Iffat Wajiha , Bushra Rabia
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To identify various species of non-lactose fermenting gram-negative bacilli involved in urinary tract infections, and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern.
Method: The retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to April 1, 2022, at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised data from the institutional diagnostic laboratory that was related to urine samples regardless of age and gender from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Of the 103,887 urine samples, 41,280(39.7%) were positive, 51,146(49.2%) showed no bacterial growth, 11,000(10.6%) had non-significant bacterial growth and 461(0.4%) had mixed bacterial growth. Of the positive samples, 18359(44.5%) were positive in 2020, and 22,921(55.5%) in 2021. Gram-negative lactose fermenting bacteria included escherichia coli 23,123(22.3%) and klebsiella pneumoniae 2,993(2.9%), gram-negative non-lactose fermenting bacteria included pseudomonas aeruginosa 1,110(1.07%), and gram-positive bacteria included enterococcus 8,008(7.7%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant against tobramycin 880(79.3%) and least resistant against piperacillin-tazobactam 146(13%).
Conclusion: Piperacillin-tazobactam was highly sensitive drug against non-lactose fermenting uro-pathogens.
Key Words: Antimicrobial resistance, Non-lactose fermenting, Gram-negative bacteria, Urinary tract infection.