bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Analysis of the Contribution of Chinese Electric Vehicle Social Organizations’ Standardization Innovation to Intelligent Optimization Research and Development Investment
Authors: Wu Linfeng , Tian Chi , Liu Yiming , Liu Junhui , Cong Dan
Published: September 2024

Intelligent design has been the direction pursued by international electric vehicle (EV) research and development (R&D) teams in recent years. This paper analyzes the problems of unsustainable development in the current product design of EVs in China, such as high R&D investment, high innovation risks, and low R&D input–output ratios. It explores the issues related to intelligent design, R&D investment, car prices, and safety in the field of EVs in China, and it proposes the concept of optimizing intelligence to optimize the design investment of EVs in China. On the basis of the development situation and the existing problems of social organization standards that gather innovative technologies for EVs, this paper used data from the national social organization standard information platform as the research object and analyzed important data, such as the quantity of the information of relevant social organizations and professional fields of social organization standards, through mathematical methods. The article proposes an optimization design scheme for EV products in China, combining intelligence and practicality from the perspective of the optimizing intelligent design, and it models the construction of EV optimization design. The quantitative relationship between the two schemes before and after optimization design is compared in terms of cost savings in intelligent design, the improvement of social benefits, and the enhancement of EV cost performance. The comparative study found that intelligent optimization design reduced the R&D cost of EVs by 45.24%, and the social benefits of R&D investment increased by 29.51%.
Climate Action and the UNCRC: A ‘Postpaternalist’ World Where Children Claim Their Own Rights
Authors: Daly Aoife , Maharjan Nabin , Montesinos Calvo-Fernández Esther , Muller Liesl , Murray Emily , O’Sullivan Alicia , Paz Landeira Florencia , Reid Katie
Published: September 2024

In this paper, it is argued that we are in a ‘postpaternalist’ era for children’s rights, involving grassroots action from children (for the first time, on a global scale) rather than well-meaning adults ‘giving’ children their rights. Child/youth climate action has involved under-18s acting for the environment through grassroots protest, media work and lobbying. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has arguably to date been approached in a paternalist way, whereby children need adults to help them to access rights. Yet, child/youth climate advocates have taken their own action, and demand equality as they enter rights spaces. They are frequently working with adults as equals and allies in litigating climate cases, for example. It is argued that (although there are rights challenges in a postpaternalist time) these young rights leaders have transformed human rights for the better, and adults should facilitate their work in a way that is child- and youth-friendly.
Mejores Prácticas en la Implementación del Edge Computing: Un Enfoque Basado en Casos de Éxito
Authors: Asanza Honores Anderson Ivan , Chuchuca Vacacela Darwin Geovanny , Zea Ordoñez Mariuxi Paol , Contreras Alonso Tania Yesminia
Published: September 2024

El Edge Computing ha emergido como una tecnología clave para transformar diversos sectores industriales, ofreciendo capacidades avanzadas de procesamiento y almacenamiento de datos cerca del punto de generación. Este estudio presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la implementación de esta tecnología en videovigilancia, agricultura y atención médica, con el objetivo de identificar mejores prácticas a partir de casos de éxito utilizando la metodología PRISMA. Se analizaron 42 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024, evaluando aspectos como seguridad, interoperabilidad, eficiencia operativa y escalabilidad. Los resultados revelan un alto cumplimiento en eficiencia operativa, requisitos específicos del negocio y rendimiento de puntos finales. Sin embargo, se identificaron desafíos en seguridad, resiliencia e integración de middleware. Basados en estos hallazgos, se propone un conjunto de mejores prácticas que abordan estos aspectos críticos, incluyendo adaptabilidad e intercambio de datos. Esta propuesta busca proporcionar un marco de referencia para la implementación potencial en sectores clave, ayudando a las organizaciones a optimizar sus procesos y aprovechar los beneficios de esta innovación de manera más efectiva.
La gamificación y el desarrollo de competencias informacionales en la educación inclusiva
Authors: Macías Mendoza Lucía Guadalupe , Hernández Intriago Julio César
Published: September 2024

En la actualidad, el mundo experimenta cambios constantes, como la incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), las cuales tienen el potencial de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la calidad de la educación mediante estrategias y aplicaciones lúdicas, como la gamificación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las premisas conceptuales sobre la gamificación y las competencias informacionales y su incidencia en la educación inclusiva. Se realizó una revisión descriptiva con el método de análisis documental, utilizando buscadores académicos como Google Scholar, Dimensions, Redalyc, etc. A partir de esta búsqueda se han seleccionado artículos de revista, sitios web, informes y libros que traten sobre cualquier aspecto de la gamificación para el desarrollo de competencias informacionales en estudiantes con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo. Al respecto, se realizó una disertación teórica considerando el método analítico sintético en la interpretación de la literatura revisada y la posterior escritura. En base a lo indagado, en la discusión de los resultados se demostró que la literatura reveló conocimientos importantes, que el uso de la gamificación dentro de las aulas aporta en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y permite que sea inclusiva, es decir, contribuye a motivar, participar y jugar a todos los estudiantes. En conclusión, la gamificación en la educación es una técnica de aprendizaje que mejora la comprensión de los contenidos y aumenta la participación de los estudiantes tanto en clases tradicionales como en aprendizajes en línea, contribuyendo así en su proceso formativo.
NOTAS DE UMA PESQUISA
Authors: Cavalcanti Rodrigues Matheus
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do presente texto é apresentar algumas contribuições à minha pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “Historiador, geógrafo, intelectual: Capistrano de Abreu frente a padrões disciplinares”, oriundas das discussões e leituras acontecidas durante os encontros com a prof. Wilma Peres Costa e colegas mestrandos. Tais encontros se deram no âmbito da disciplina eletiva “Interrogando fronteiras e explorando conexões. Percursos historiográficos e trajetórias de pesquisa”, ministrada semanalmente, de setembro a dezembro de 2022.
A TRAJETÓRIA DO RAP NO BRASIL SEGUNDO ARTIGOS ACADÊMICOS PELO VIÉS DA HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA
Authors: Cassanta Chaves Matheus Henrique
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar um quadro da atual discussão sobre a temática Rap em trabalhos acadêmicos. Relatar a trajetória do Rap no Brasil, desde suas origens como movimento no Estados Unidos até a atualidade do Trap no Brasil, através de suas representações de diferentes autores que caracterizaram e identificaram suas diferentes fases, movimentos e transformações. Busca complementar a discussão articulando os textos e os atualizando, além de identificar os diferentes rumos e possibilidades de pesquisa para estudantes que se interessam pelo tema e divulgar a produção acadêmica de maneira crítica. Entendendo este artigo de revisão bibliográfica pelo viés da História Pública, que pretende democratizar o acesso a informações e novas histórias, no intuito de incentivar a participação popular na apresentação e preservação do passado.
A TEOLOGIA POLÍTICA ANGLO-SAXÔNICA NO POEMA JUDITE
Authors: Mazurkievicz Sekikawa Matheus
Published: September 2024

Preservado em caráter incompleto junto com Beowulf, o poema Judite, cujo manuscrito data da virada para o século XI, destaca-se como uma possível fonte para diversas leituras do período Anglo-Saxônico. Uma leitura incomum dele é enquanto um veículo de mensagens políticas. Com base no livro de Judite da Bíblia Vulgata Latina, o poema é povoado por elementos culturais de base germânica, onde Judite assume um papel de guerreira, em um pano de fundo do antigo testamento. A personagem bíblica é apropriada pelos anglo-saxões a partir de uma leitura alegórica, cujo efeito é atestado pela multiplicidade de representações da personagem Judite. Além do poema, é analisada a homilia de Ælfric de Eynsham (c.950-c.1010), onde o caráter celibatário é destacado. Com a comparação entre os dois textos, este artigo busca o que há de político no poema: o ideário que data do período do Rei Alfred (r.871-899) e as suas reformas que culminaram em uma teologia política cristã centralizada na figura real. A questão do seu público-alvo, por fim, possibilita formular a hipótese do poema Judite como uma peça de retórica política para a aristocracia laica e eclesiástica em um período de intensificação de ameaças externas e instabilidade política similares àquelas enfrentadas no século IX.
CULTIVOS RURAIS DE ARARUNA-PR
Authors: De Souza Gabriel Henrique , França Cyntia Simioni
Published: September 2024

A presente pesquisa busca escutar as memórias dos trabalhadores rurais da cidade de Araruna, interior do estado do Paraná, acolhendo as suas experiências vividas que, por vezes, foram apagadas da História local. Esta proposta surgiu a partir das seguintes perguntas: podem os(as) trabalhadores(as) do campo narrarem suas experiências vividas? O que eles(as) nos contam? Como seria a História de Araruna contada pelas lentes dos(as) trabalhadores(as) rurais? A construção das narrativas foi realizada a partir de rodas de conversa, que aqui foram denominadas de cultivos, em que o diálogo com os trabalhadores rurais foi aprofundado a partir das suas experiências. Foram realizados 8 cultivos para conhecer os saberes, os fazeres, as práticas socioculturais e as relações com a comunidade. Os trabalhadores foram estimulados em práticas de rememoração coletiva a narrar as suas experiências vividas na comunidade (BENJAMIN, 1985). Neste artigo focalizaremos nos dois últimos cultivos, no qual realizamos a construção coletiva do espaço virtual para o compartilhamento desses saberes. As narrativas colhidas foram organizadas em uma mostra cultural em um site para sua publicização. Esta pesquisa se insere na interface com o movimento da História Pública, assumindo o itinerário de uma História feita com o público pela via da autoridade compartilhada (FRISCH, 2016) e para o público (SANTHIAGO, 2018).
Acesso à reabilitação ambulatorial após o Acidente Vascular Cerebral na rede de saúde de Joinville e região
Authors: Engster Maria Paula , Eckermann da Silva Helton , Cadorin de Castilho Bruna , Preis Sabrina , Beiersdorff Klug Adriana , Klitzke Fabiane Maria
Published: September 2024

Introdução. O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma disfunção neurológica comum e grave, de grande impacto na sociedade. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, a prevalência de pessoas com sequelas aumentou, restringindo sua capacidade de realizar Atividades de Vida Diária e prejudicando sua participação social. A reabilitação busca melhorar a capacidade física, funcional e mental, facilitando a reintegração do indivíduo na sociedade, sendo o acesso imediato e contínuo crucial para minimizar as sequelas após AVC. Objetivo. Caracterizar o acesso à reabilitação ambulatorial no primeiro mês após a alta hospitalar de uma Unidade de AVC na rede de saúde de Joinville e região, identificando barreiras relacionadas ao acesso. Método. Estudo observacional e transversal com pacientes que receberam alta de uma Unidade de AVC em um hospital público, no qual os participantes responderam um questionário eletrônico contendo perguntas objetivas e descritivas sobre o acesso à reabilitação 30 dias após a alta hospitalar. Resultados. Foram incluídos 58 participantes que receberam encaminhamento para reabilitação no momento da alta hospitalar. O acesso à Fisioterapia foi maior em comparação com a Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional. Dentre as principais barreiras para o acesso à reabilitação destaca-se a indisponibilidade de vagas. Conclusões. O planejamento de alta e a integração da equipe multiprofissional nos cuidados são extremamente relevantes. Embora o acesso à Fisioterapia tenha sido relativamente melhor, existem deficiências significativas no acesso à Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional. É necessário ampliar a oferta de serviços especializados e melhorar o acesso à reabilitação para garantir a continuidade do cuidado pós-AVC.
Estimativa estral por citologia vaginal e percepção dos tutores acerca de problemas reprodutivos de cadelas no município de Patos-PB
Authors: Brito Eduardo Freitas , Medeiros Lylian Karlla Gomes de , Silva Laysa Freire Franco e , Brandão Thiago da Silva
Published: September 2024

A técnica de citologia vaginal é um exame diagnóstico rápido, simples, de baixo custo e eficaz para identificação da fase de ciclo estral em que as fêmeas caninas se encontram, sendo possível direcionar o tempo certo para realização de monta natural ou inseminação artificial, obtendo melhores resultados. Também pode-se acompanhar fêmeas com distúrbios reprodutivos, bem como direcionar o período correto de se utilizar métodos contraceptivos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar a fase reprodutiva de cadelas do município de Patos-PB por meio de citologia vaginal durante a campanha de vacinação antirrábica 2023. Aplicou-se a técnica de citologia vaginal em 50 cadelas não castradas de forma aleatória, juntamente a um questionário epidemiológico respondido individualmente pelos tutores. As lâminas foram coradas em panótico rápido e analisadas através de microscopia óptica no laboratório de Patologia Cínica Animal da Unidade de Ensino Hospitalar Veterinário HVET Unifip, no qual pela presença célular (superficiais, parabasais e intermediárias) as amostras foram classificadas conforme a fase do ciclo estral em: proestro, estro, diestro e anestro. Através do questionário epidemiológico obteve-se a provável data do último cio, contibuindo para uma melhor precisão na determinação da fase em que as cadelas se encontravam, os resultados obtidos foram: 22/50 (44%) das cadelas estavam em Anestro, 21/50 (42%) em Diestro, 4/50 (8%) em Estro e 3/50 (6%) em Proestro. Conclui-se que a citologia vaginal é um método eficaz para o acompanhamento reprodutivo de cadelas. O resultado obtido sugeriu uma relação de sazonalidade, sendo necessário avaliar em diferentes épocas do ano para a confirmação.
Air Pollution, Ozone, and Sulfur Dioxide Can Affect the Blood Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Mashhadi-Abdolahi Hossein , Darbani Roya , Rabet Oldouz , Golchin Asal , Kheirouri Sorayya , Alizadeh Mohammad , Mesgari-Abbasi Mehran
Published: September 2024

The majority of the body’s organs are impacted by ambient air pollution (AAP), which is currently a serious environmental global health issue. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ozone (O3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and AAP on oxidative stress (OS) and lipid profile indicators in male Wistar rats. To this end, these rats were exposed for three hours each day for five weeks in control, AAP, O3 (0.6 ppm), and SO2 (10 ppm) groups (each containing 8 animals). Several parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured on blood samples. AAP exposure on TAC (P=0.014) and SOD (P=0.05), MDA (P=0.018), and HDL (P=0.003), O3 exposure on TAC (P<0.001), and SO2 exposure on blood serum TAC (P=0.006) all had statistically significant effects. Based on the results, exposure to SO2 and AAP did not significantly alter the lipid profile (P>0.05). According to our research, exposure to O3 , SO2 , and AAP can increase overall antioxidant capacity by stimulating blood serum oxidative defense enzymes. Except for the enhanced effect of O3 exposure on serum HDL, AAP, SO2 , and O3 exposures had no discernible effects on the lipid profile.
Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphate Cartridge at Point-of-Entry on Scaling and Corrosion Indices of Household Water
Authors: Mortezazadeh Fatemeh , Gholami-Borujeni Fathollah
Published: September 2024

Scaling and corrosion are significant issues in water distribution systems that can lead to economic, aesthetic, and health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a point-of-entry (POE) polyphosphate cartridge on scaling and corrosion indices (Langelier Saturation Index [LSI], Ryznar Stability Index [RSI], Puckorius Scaling Index [PSI] and Aggressive Index [AI]), as well as the quality of water treated with household water treatment systems. In this study, a POE polyphosphate cartridge was directly connected to municipal water to adjust water stability and prevent scaling and corrosion. Parameters were tested in water samples before and after filtration with the POE polyphosphate cartridge. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to determine any monotonic relationship between the variables using SPSS. It was observed that water exhibited scaling properties at flow rates of 0.180, 0.252, and 0.522 L/min based on the LSI, while in other cases, it showed corrosion properties. Additionally, the results of the Spearman analysis indicated a strong positive correlation (r=0.74) between RSI and PSI and a strong negative correlation (r=-0.64) between LSI and RSI in the outlet water from the POE polyphosphate cartridge. The results indicated that more precise control of key quality parameters for scaling and corrosion of water is essential. Significant adjustments must be implemented to prevent corrosion of facilities and valves when utilizing a POE polyphosphate cartridge in household water systems. Moreover, due to the fluctuations in household water consumption, the use of inline POE polyphosphate cartridges may not ensure water stability in the household water supply system.
A Review of the Effect of Drinking Water Contaminated with Arsenic on Liver Cancer
Authors: Sepahvand Arefeh , Farhadi Majid , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Bayat Marzieh , Falahi Bita , Ghanizadeh Fatemeh , Koshki Nasab Fatemeh , Reshadatian Neda , Maleki Rohangiz , Farhadi Ali , Dalvand Negin , Neisi Mohadese
Published: September 2024

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. Drinking water and some foods (for example, rice, cereals, or fruit juices) are major sources of arsenic. Chronic arsenic poisoning, or arsenicosis, causes internal disorders, such as liver damage, as well as cancers. The purpose of this review study was to examine the epidemiological literature on the side effects of arsenic on liver cancer. Initially, 112 articles from January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2023, were found in the mentioned databases. Then, by removing duplicate items, 85 articles entered the stage of examining the title of the articles and removing irrelevant items based on the title of the article. After reviewing the full text of 38 articles, 14 articles were included in the study and used to investigate the effect of arsenic in drinking water on liver cancer. Many environmental pollutants, including arsenic, can cause many diseases in the human body. This metal can generally enter all body organs through the blood circulation system and affect them. The results of previous studies have shown that long-term exposure to arsenic causes disruption in normal liver function (hepatomegaly, sclerosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis). Various mechanisms have been introduced for arsenic carcinogenesis. Among the important mechanisms that cause liver carcinogenesis by arsenic, the following can be mentioned: disturbance of the balance of liver enzymes, damage to the DNA wall, its destruction, inability to repair DNA, inappropriate function of estrogens, and liver apoptosis.
Generation of Biogas Using Cow Dung With Organic Waste in the Presence of Iron Filings
Authors: D.P Mangala Gowri , Shetty Rashma
Published: September 2024

In recent years, major issues such as demographic growth, food security, and exploitation of natural resources have raised worries worldwide. To handle these issues and the environment in an eco-friendly manner, a shift has been made from the mere exploitation of natural resources to their recovery and reuse. The production of organic waste is increasing dramatically. Anaerobic digestion (AD) with related biogas production is regarded as a substitute for waste management strategies such as landfilling and incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW). Biogas systems protect air, water, and soil by recycling organic waste into renewable energy and soil products while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The present study aimed to establish a biogas system that involves co-digestion and iron filings. Specifically, it investigated the AD of vegetable waste combined with cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with iron filings. The experiment was conducted over 60 days by four digesters (S1, S2, S3, and S4) containing mixtures of cow dung and vegetable waste (S1), cow dung and Jatropha seed cake (S2), cow dung and vegetable waste with 10 g of iron filings (S3), and cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with 10 g of iron filings (S4). After 60 days, the amount of biogas collected from the digesters S1, S2, S3, and S4 was 172.9 mL/gVS, 205.64 mL/gVS, 186.086 mL/gVS, and 231.25 mL/gVS, respectively. The sample mixture of digester S4, which contained cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with iron filings, resulted in the maximum yield of biogas production due to the iron additive potential for accepting and donating electrons.
Rapid Extraction of Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus for Molecular Analysis in Rats
Authors: Norouzi-Bonab Faraz , Zabihi Kimia , Hasanzadeh-Moghadam Mahsa , Athari Seyed Zanyar
Published: September 2024

Memory functions in laboratory animals are a crucial area of research in neuroscience, with a particular focus on identifying drugs that enhance various aspects of memory, particularly long-term declarative memory. This field involves studying cognition and memory from behavioral and molecular perspectives. Researchers evaluate changes in genes, enzymes, and proteins to discover the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory formation and retrieval. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are key brain regions associated with memory and cognition, undergoing synaptogenesis following the acquisition of new information or skills. The production of specific proteins plays a crucial role in consolidating and storing memories, necessitating precise analysis of these brain regions to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in memory processes fully. However, the rapid degradation of these proteins by cellular enzymatic activities highlights the need for efficient and timely extraction techniques to ensure precise and reliable analysis. This methodological study aimed to introduce a rapid and accurate method for extracting the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rats.
γ-oryzanol ameliorates the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in a mice model of LPS-induced liver injury
Authors: Sari-Aslani Koroush , Davoodian Nahid , Zeini Shiva , Mousavi Seyed Abdollah , Eftekhar Ebrahim
Published: September 2024

Background: γ-Oryzanol (ORY) is a main component of rice bran oil and consists of a mixture of phytosteryl ferulates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of ORY on hepatic oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adult male mice. Materials and Methods: Adult male BALB/c mice (n=24) were intraperitoneally administered either LPS (0.75 mg/kg/d) or saline for a week. Meanwhile, mice were supplemented with ORY (100 mg/kg/d, gavage) or vehicle for 2 weeks. After treatment, animals were sacrificed and the markers of liver injury including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated in blood. In addition, we measured the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers including lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total free thiol, catalase activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression levels in hepatic tissue. Results: Systemic LPS injections induced oxidative stress in the liver of treated animals, characterized by increased TBARS, with significantly decreased catalase activity and total free thiol content. Besides, the serum levels of ALT and AST increased in all experimental groups compared with the control group. These findings were accompanied by the increased hepatic expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Furthermore, pathological evaluation of tissues showed LPS-induced microvesicular steatosis, which was ameliorated by ORY supplementation for two weeks. Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrate that LPS-induced hepatic damage is mitigated by ORY supplementation in adult mice. These findings support the idea that natural products can protect against hepatotoxicity.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cervical Inflammations Among Low-Income Women in Rasht, Iran
Authors: Sharemi Seyedeh Hajar , Fashkhami Faezeh , Omid Khah Tayebeh , Mansour Ghanaei Fariborz , Faraji Niloofar , Zeinali Tahereh , Yeganeh Sara , Joukar Farahnz
Published: September 2024

Background: Cervical inflammations are among one of the most genital-related complications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cervical inflammations and identify associated risk factors among low-income women in Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 low-income women who referred to Alzahra Hospital, Rasht, Iran. Demographical and clinical data were collected from patients’ archived medical records. Pap smear tests were performed using the liquid-based method to evaluate cervical lesions, and all data were analyzed using SPSS-19 based on a significant level<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 46.6±7.43 years. Cervical inflammation was detected in 94.3% of participants, and 1% showed precancerous lesions. Most patients had mild inflammation (42.7%). Overall, 3, 21, and 21 patients had trichomonas infection, bacterial infection, and candida infection, respectively. The existence of cervical inflammations was significantly higher in patients with a body mass index of 25–30 kg/m2 (P<0.05). Family history of cancers demonstrated no significant association with cervical inflammation (P>0.05), while age at first menstruation and age of first delivery were significant risk factors for cervical inflammation (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, while the frequency of precancerous lesions was low, the prevalence of inflammation was high among participants. Therefore, early detection and intervention by screening tests such as Pap smear are essential to the pre-diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC).
Exploring Valeriana species: Unraveling anticonvulsant potential through phytochemistry and pharmacology
Authors: Manavi Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: The Valerianaceae comprises about 300 species of annual and perennial plants found worldwide. Several species are utilized for biological purposes, while others are consumed. The various Valeriana species have different therapeutic effects, including sleep aid, sedative and anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects. The study intends to review the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and molecular pathways of these plants to explore their potential as therapeutic options for seizures and epilepsy. Methods: Until 2023, all relevant information about Valeriana species was gathered from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Valerianaceae, Valeriana, valeric acid, and Valeriana officinalis, phytochemical composition, in vivo investigations, epilepsy, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, GABA, seizure, and preclinical and clinical research were among the search terms utilized for this review. Results: Based on the results obtained from the studies conducted in this field, significant anticonvulsant effects of various compounds extracted from the Valeriana species have been observed in multiple animal models, including pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice, rats, and zebrafish. It has also been determined that the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms involved in these anti-epileptic effects are increasing the GABA pathway, inhibiting the NMDA receptor and adenosine pathways, and nitric oxide (NO) modulation. Moreover, these compounds synergize with clonazepam, diazepam, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. Conclusion: It is recommended to prepare proper drug forms and study its anticonvulsant effects in clinical studies.
The effect of Iranian licorice root extract on prostate volume and clinical signs of disease in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Taheri Azam , Fazilati Mohammad , Taheri Hajar , Tadaion Farhad
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in men, and its prevalence increases with age. This study aimed to determine the effect of Iranian licorice root extract on prostate volume and clinical signs of BPH disease. Methods: Sixty BPH patients over 40 years old with prostate volume above 30 mL, with symptoms of this disease without drug intervention, were included in the study. First, the Symptom Score AUA (AUASS) questionnaire was completed for all individuals, and then an ultrasound was performed on them. They were then randomly divided into two equal groups. For three months, the intervention group received two capsules of 250 mg of licorice extract daily, and the other group received two placebo capsules. After the study, sonography was performed, and the AUASS questionnaire was completed. Results: 25 and 21 men with BPH in the intervention and placebo groups fully cooperated. At the beginning of the study, prostate volume (P=0.14) and AUASS were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.88). Eventually, prostate volume decreased in the two groups, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P=0.33). The AUASS score in the intervention group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P<0.001). Conclusion: In the present study, the dose of licorice root extract reduced the symptoms of BPH. But further studies with a larger statistical population are needed for this extract to enter the clinic as a drug.
Hepatoprotective effect of Solanum anomalum leaf on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats
Authors: Okokon Jude E. , Whyks Donald Williams , Joseph Oyepata Simeon
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach (Solanaceae) parts are used locally in ethnomedicine to treat various diseases. This work investigated the hepatoprotective potential of the S. anomalum to validate its ethnomedicinal uses and give scientific proof to its claimed antidotal activity in folkloric medicine. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of S. anomalum leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) was investigated against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five groups of six rats each and treated concomitantly with DOX (2.5 mg/kg i.p) and leaf extract (70, 140, and 210 mg/kg orally) for 14 days. Vitamin C was used as a standard drug. Liver function indices, liver enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and histological assessment of the liver were determined to assess the hepatoprotective potentials of the extract. Results: DOX elevated liver function indices (AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin) significantly (P<0.05). These parameters were markedly reduced by coadministration of the leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) (P<0.05-0.01) when compared to the DOX-only group. Also, the extract coadministration improved total protein and albumin levels, which were reduced by DOX. Moreso, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) that were decreased by DOX were significantly (P<0.01) elevated by the leaf extract. In contrast, the raised MDA level was reduced. The DOX-only group had severe pathological features in its histological liver section, which were comparably reduced in the extract-treated groups. The histopathological changes corroborate other biochemical parameters determined, thus indicating hepatoprotective solid activity. Conclusion: This study’s findings suggest that the leaf extract of S. anomalum possesses liver protective potentials, which may be due to the antioxidant activities of its phytochemical constituents. This property can be exploited in the treatment of DOX-related toxicities.
The Relationship Between Air Pollution Components and Hospitalizations Due to Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Soleimany Ali , Ghanbari Kaljahi Saeed , Hajizadeh Reza
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary embolism in patients hospitalized in Urmia city. This cross-sectional study was conducted in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. According to the daily report from the meteorology center of West Azarbaijan province, the data on the concentrations of air pollutants, including PM10, NO2, O3, CO, and PM2.5 were extracted. Moreover, the files of patients without underlying risk factors hospitalized due to pulmonary embolism were extracted. Finally, admissions from 2 days before until 2 days after the polluted days were compared to hospitalizations on clean air days of the same month. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting(s): Urmia, the capital city of the West Azerbaijan province in northwestern Iran. Participants: A total of 1275 patients without underlying risk factors hospitalized due to pulmonary embolism were included. Outcome measures: Admissions from 2 days before until 2 days after the polluted days were compared to hospitalizations on clean air days of the same month. Results: Out of 1779 patients admitted due to pulmonary embolism, 1275 patients met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results, 403 patients (31.6%) were hospitalized in clean and healthy air (air quality index [AQI] of 0-50 and 50-100), 816 patients (64.1%) were hospitalized in unhealthy air (AQI: 150-101), and 56 patients (4.4%) were hospitalized in days with polluted air (AQI:151-200). According to Pearson’s correlation coefficient, there was a significant relationship between carbon monoxide (r=0.09, P=0.0001), sulfur dioxide (r=0.11, P=0.001), PM10 (r=0.28, P=0.001), and PM2.5 (r=0.45, P=0.0001) concentrations and the frequency of hospitalizations due to pulmonary embolism. Conclusions: There is a positive and significant relationship between air pollutants and the number of hospitalizations due to pulmonary embolism. Hence, preventive measures should be taken into account regarding the air pollution at the provincial and national levels.
Computational Intelligent Modeling for Evaluating Metal Oxide Nanomaterial Cytotoxicity Against Escherichia coli
Authors: Naderian Senobar , Samad-Soltani Taha
Published: September 2024

Background: Metal oxide nanoparticles (MeOxNPs) possess unique physicochemical properties that differentiate them from bulk-sized forms, making them highly versatile for scientific, medical, chemical, and industrial applications. However, their small size and large surface area contribute to considerable chemical reactivity and underlying toxicity, necessitating comprehensive cytotoxicity evaluations. Previous studies have empirically assessed the toxicity of 17 metal oxides, while mathematical modeling has been proposed to establish a relationship between nanoparticle properties and toxicity. Methods: In this study, we introduced a computational modeling approach to predict the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials against Escherichia coli as a model organism. A dataset comprising 17 MeOxNPs and their respective cytotoxicity values was collected from the literature and used to train the models. Molecular descriptors, including cation charge, electronegativity, molecular weight, and other factors, were employed to encode cytotoxicity. The models were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Feature selection using the Relief algorithm was performed to identify the most important features for predicting toxicity. Linear regression was then applied as the predictive model. Results: The performance of the models was assessed based on their accuracy in predicting the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials. The proposed models demonstrated high prediction capability. Then, we ranked the top 20 features in descending order of importance. Conclusion: The results indicated that the developed models provide a reliable mathematical framework for predicting the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials to E. coli. This provides valuable insights for researchers in the field and supports the design of safer nanomaterials.
A Natural Language Processing Framework for Detecting Adverse Drug Reactions in Clinical Structured Drug Reviews
Authors: Naderian Senobar , Rahmani Roya , Samad-Soltani Taha
Published: September 2024

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose significant concerns in healthcare, yet their underreporting remains a challenge. Extracting spontaneous and non-automatic reports from free-text narratives contributes to this low rate of reporting. An automatic ADR detection system can mitigate these issues by identifying, summarizing, and reporting ADRs in a document. This study presents an adverse drug reaction detector (ADRD), a natural language processing (NLP) framework applied to the psychiatric treatment adverse reactions (PsyTAR) dataset. Aiming to automate ADR analysis, the framework explores the relationship between ADRs and patient satisfaction. Methods: A comprehensive eight-phase approach was employed in the ADRD framework, utilizing Python programming language libraries and NLP tools. The dataset underwent meticulous preprocessing, and the subsequent phases involved data summarization, pattern identification, data cleaning, sentiment calculation, assessment of drug effectiveness and usefulness, analysis of medical conditions, and identification of the most effective and ineffective drugs for each condition. Results: Analyzing 891 comments related to four unique drugs (i.e., Zoloft, Lexapro, Cymbalta, and Effexor XR) from patients with 285 distinct conditions, the framework offered insights into the dataset structure, statistical indicators, distribution of ratings and ADR counts, the impact of ratings on ADR counts, and length of comments’ influence on ratings. Conclusion: The challenges of extracting ADR reports from free-text narratives have led to their underreporting. ADRD offers an automated and insightful approach for enhancing ADR analysis and reporting processes, making strides toward bridging the gap in ADR reporting.
Therapeutic Effects of Intralesional Injection of Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts: An Evaluator-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Radmehr Afsaneh , Zare Armaghan Ghareaghaji , Radmehr Sina , Abdossamadi Zahra
Published: September 2024

Background: Viral warts are a prevalent infection that affects people all over the world. Unfortunately, there is no proven antiviral treatment for them. Recalcitrant warts are also difficult to resolve and deciding on a strategy for their treatment is challenging. Recently immunotherapy modalities have led to desired treatment outcomes in patients. This study investigated the efficacy of vitamin D injection (as an immunotherapeutic agent) in the treatment of recalcitrant warts. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 40 patients were divided into two groups: the first group (intervention group) received cryotherapy with an intralesional injection of vitamin D3 (0.1 cc of vitamin D3 (300000 IU/1mL) per lesion and a maximum of 0.5 cc per session), and the second group (control group) received just cryotherapy. In each treatment session, patients were evaluated for treatment responses and any side effects. Each patient received four treatment sessions at 2-week intervals. Results: After 4 treatment sessions, the rate of response in the intervention group and the group that received just cryotherapy was 95.33%±5.87 and 76.67%±25.14, respectively, and this difference was significant (P<0.01). Furthermore, 57% (26 out of 45) of the lesions in the intervention group were completely resolved after 4 sessions, and the rest showed a moderate response to this treatment. Moreover, the minimum response rate was 80% in the intervention group and 30% in the control group. Conclusion: In recalcitrant skin warts, intralesional injection of vitamin D3 combined with cryotherapy significantly increased the treatment response and reduced the financial burden imposed on patients. The limitation of this trial was the small sample size of patients without a follow-up plan after completing the treatment sessions. Trial registration: The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registered this study (identifier: IRCT20200513047434N1).
A cross-sectional analysis of four common clinical decision rules for pulmonary embolism, Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Hassani Solmaz , Najaf Najafi Neshat , Khodadadi Amirhossein , Gandomi Fahimeh , Amini Mahnaz
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal condition. Several non-invasive clinical decision rules (CDRs) were developed for the safe exclusion of PE. All CDRs used to safely rule out PE have been created and tested within hospital or acute care environments. However, CDRs that are designed in one specific setting may not perform as effectively when used in a different setting. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of four common CDRs; Wells Score, Simplified Wells Score, revised Geneva Score, and simplified revised Geneva Score. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which patients suspected of PE presenting to Imam Reza Hospital or Ghaem Hospital were recruited from September 23, 2013, to March 19, 2016 in Mashhad, Iran. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were utilized as metrics to compare the CDRs in our region. Results: Two hundred and forty patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 57.91±19.97 years, and 54.16% of them (n=130) were female. 120 patients were confirmed to have PE with CT angiography. Wells score showed the highest sensitivity (90.4%) and revised Geneva score represented the highest specificity (84.9%). The highest accuracy belongs to the simplified Wells score (62.3%). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that the Wells criteria with its high sensitivity, can be used as a score for screening, and the revised Geneva score with its high specificity, can be used in the second stage for healthy people who have been diagnosed as unhealthy by the Wells score.
The association of radiologic right heart strain indices with the severity of pulmonary parenchymal involvement and prognosis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Rouzrokh Parsa , Rezaee Malihe , Mohammadipour Zahra , Tavana Sasan , Khaheshi Isa , Sheikhy Ali , Faghihi Langroudi Taraneh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: It has been demonstrated that an increase in the diameter of the right ventricle or pulmonary artery in COVID-19 patients could be associated with the severity of lung involvement and may lead to unfavorable outcomes, particularly in the presence of pulmonary vascular diseases. This study investigated the relationship between these right heart strain features, the extent of lung involvement, and their prognostic values in patients without vascular comorbidities. Methods: This study selected 154 consecutive patients with positive chest computed tomography (CT) findings and no evidence of concurrent pulmonary disease. Clinical characteristics and adverse outcomes in in-hospital settings were collected retrospectively. Diameters of cardiac ventricles and arteries, along with lung opacification scores, were obtained using CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) findings, and the association of these variables was evaluated. Results: An increase in pulmonary artery (PA) to ascending aorta (AO) diameter ratio and lung parenchymal damage were significantly and positively correlated (P=0.017), but increased right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) diameter ratio showed no association with the extent of chest opacification (P=0.098). Evaluating the prognostic ability of both ratios using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis proved no significant class separation in regards to predicting adverse outcomes (PA/AO: OR:1.081, P Value:0.638, RV/LV: OR:1.098, P Value:0.344). Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients without vascular comorbidities, a higher PA/AO diameter ratio was significantly associated with increased lung involvement severity on CT imaging but not with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Conversely, an increased RV/LV ratio on CTPA did not correlate significantly with adverse outcomes or the severity of parenchymal lung damage.
Investigation of clinical and paraclinical consequences of tramadol poisoning and related factors
Authors: Ramezannezhad Pantea , Hashemzaei Mahmoud , Pajohesh Zohreh , Saravani Khadijeh , Bameri Omid
Published: September 2024

Tramadol, is frequently misused and leading to an increase in cases of overdose and poisoning worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and paraclinical consequences of tramadol poisoning and related factors. This was a retrospective study performed on patients with acute tramadol poisoning who were referred to the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital Emergency Department, Zabol, during 2019-2020. Patients’ socio-demographic information and clinical and paraclinical manifestations were collected in a predesigned checklist. Overall, 71 subjects were included in this study. The mean dose of tramadol was 640.14 ± 521 mg. Seizures occurred in 17 subjects that were not dose-dependent. In patients who died or were in a coma, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 ), and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) levels decreased, while PCO2 levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). The dose of tramadol used in the poisoning of this substance played no role in the course of the disease and the prognosis of patients, but low pH, HCO3 , O2 sat, and high CO2 pressure could be related to the outcome of these patients.