bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Genetics of Early-Onset Obesity in a Cohort of Children From Qatar
Authors: Mohammed Idris , Haris Basma , Al-Barazenji Tara , Vasudeva Dhanya , Tomei Sara , Al Azwani Iman , Dauleh Hajar , Shehzad Saira , Chirayath Shiga , Mohamadsalih Ghassan , Petrovski Goran , Khalifa Amel , Love Donald R , Al-Shafai Mashael , Hussain Khalid
Published: June 2023

Context

Monogenic obesity is a rare form of obesity due to pathogenic variants in genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin signaling pathway and accounts for around 5% of severe early-onset obesity. Mutations in the genes encoding the MC4R, leptin, and leptin receptor are commonly reported in various populations to cause monogenic obesity. Determining the genetic cause has important clinical benefits as novel therapeutic interventions are now available for some forms of monogenic obesity.

Objective

To unravel the genetic causes of early-onset obesity in the population of Qatar.

Methods

In total, 243 patients with early-onset obesity (above the 95% percentile) and age of onset below 10 years were screened for monogenic obesity variants using a targeted gene panel, consisting of 52 obesity-related genes.

Results

Thirty rare variants potentially associated with obesity were identified in 36 of 243 (14.8%) probands in 15 candidate genes (LEP, LEPR, POMC, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, SH2B1, BDNF, NTRK2, DYRK1B, SIM1, GNAS, ADCY3, RAI1, and BBS2). Twenty-three of the variants identified were novel to this study and the rest, 7 variants, were previously reported in literature. Variants in MC4R were the most common cause of obesity in our cohort (19%) and the c.485C>T p.T162I variant was the most frequent MC4R variant seen in 5 patients.

Conclusion

We identified likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants that seem to explain the phenotype of around 14.8% of our cases. Variants in the MC4R gene are the commonest cause of early-onset obesity in our population. Our study represents the largest monogenic obesity cohort in the Middle East and revealed novel obesity variants in this understudied population. Functional studies will be required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their pathogenicity.
Effects of 2-Year Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention on Adrenarchal and Pubertal Development: The PANIC Study
Authors: Liimatta Jani , Flück Christa E , Mäntyselkä Aino , Häkkinen Merja R , Auriola Seppo , Voutilainen Raimo , Jääskeläinen Jarmo , Lakka Timo A
Published: June 2023

Context

Childhood overweight has been linked to earlier development of adrenarche and puberty, but it remains unknown if lifestyle interventions influence sexual maturation in general populations.

Objective

To investigate if a 2-year lifestyle intervention influences circulating androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of children.

Methods

We conducted a 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention study in which 421 prepubertal and mostly normal-weight 6- to 9-year-old children were allocated either to a lifestyle intervention group (119 girls, 132 boys) or a control group (84 girls, 86 boys). The main outcome measures were serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), and testosterone concentrations, and clinical adrenarchal and pubertal signs.

Results

The intervention and control groups had no differences in body size and composition, clinical signs of androgen action, and serum androgens at baseline. The intervention attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .032), DHEAS (P = .001), A4 (P = .003), and testosterone (P = .007) and delayed pubarche (P = .038) in boys but it only attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .013) and DHEAS (P = .003) in girls. These effects of lifestyle intervention on androgens and the development of pubarche were independent of changes in body size and composition, but the effects of intervention on androgens were partly explained by changes in fasting serum insulin.

Conclusion

A combined physical activity and dietary intervention attenuates the increase of serum androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of prepubertal and mostly normal-weight children, independently of changes in body size and composition.
José Carlos Mariátegui e o fascismo
Authors: Bergel Martín
Published: June 2023

Nas tradições do pensamento das esquerdas latino-americanas, não são abundantes as elaborações sobre as formas dos movimentos de direita. José Carlos Mariátegui constitui uma das poucas exceções nesse panorama geral. Este ensaio, que trata de suas abordagens do fascismo italiano, está dividido em duas seções. Em primeiro lugar, destacam-se três dimensões de análise dos ensaios de Mariátegui sobre as direitas emergentes na Europa do pós-guerra, particularmente nos textos reunidos em sua “Biologia do Fascismo”. Essas três dimensões, argumenta-se, delinearam problemas que foram posteriormente elaborados por autores que se tornaram referências da historiografia contemporânea sobre o fascismo (esse exercício não pensa em Mariátegui em termos de “antecedente” dessa historiografia, mas simplesmente busca destacar algumas de suas intuições). Em segundo lugar, postula-se que Mariátegui fez uma leitura não preconceituosa do fascismo, que buscou entendê-lo em sua lógica própria e atentando às suas novidades. Apesar de situar o fascismo como um movimento contrarrevolucionário que se localizava no campo inimigo do socialismo e do proletariado internacional, Mariátegui extraiu elementos que estavam em harmonia com o clima cultural da época e que poderiam ser readaptados em um projeto socialista. O fascismo foi, em última análise, um laboratório prático que complementou suas leituras de Georges Sorel (em alguns casos antecipando-as) para a elaboração do tema do mito, fator-chave em sua filosofia política.
Atraumatic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Medial Foot: Case Report
Authors: Diedring Benjamin , Bandovic Ivan , Cotter Daniel L , Best Benjamin , Afsari Alan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that is mainly diagnosed clinically. Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the medial compartment of the foot is a rare condition most often result from strenuous exercise. Early diagnosis is most often a clinical examination, however, laboratory and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assist in the diagnosis if clinician uncertainty persists. We present a case report of acute exertional compartment syndrome of the medial compartment of the foot after physical activity. Case Report: A 28-year-old male presents to the emergency department the day after playing basketball, with severe atraumatic medial foot pain. Clinical examination demonstrated tenderness and swelling over the medial arch of the foot. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) results at 9500 international units. MRI demonstrated fusiform edema of the abductor hallucis. Subsequent fasciotomy revealed protruding muscle during fascial incision and relieved the patient of their pain. Return to surgery 48 h after initial fasciotomy revealed gray discoloration and lack of contractility of the muscle tissue. The patient was recovering well at the first post-operative visit, however, was lost to follow-up thereafter. Conclusion: Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the medial compartment of the foot is a rarely reported diagnosis, likely due to a combination of missed diagnosis and underreporting. Laboratory tests for CPK may be elevated, and MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of this condition. Fasciotomy of the medial compartment of the foot relieved the patient’s symptoms, and to our knowledge had a good outcome. Keywords: Compartment syndrome, foot, medial compartment, abductor halluces.
Acute COVID-Related Hip Arthritis. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kalavrytinos Dimitrios , Kosmidis Ilias-Alexandros
Published: June 2023

Introduction: 2 years after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical presentations remain unclear and unpredictable. The disease can present with a heterogeneous clinical course and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which can cause various complications from different systems, including musculoskeletal. Case Report: The case of a young, fit, and healthy female patient with severe onset of hip pain which started only shortly after being tested positive for COVID-19 infection is presented in this study. There is no history of rheumatologic disease. Clinical assessment did not show any signs of erythema at the hip region, however, on palpation, there was significant tenderness at the anterior aspect of the left hip joint. The patient was unable to bare weight on this hip and could not straight leg raise, and the rotation of the hip was severely restricted due to underlying pain. The nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-Vo2 were performed and came back positive. The CRP was 205 (μοναδα μετρησης ) and plain anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis did not show abnormalities. A diagnostic aspiration under sedation in theaters was offered; the culture and enrichment were negative for infection. Since the symptoms were not improving with conservative measures, an open washout of the joint cavity was performed in theatres. The microbiologists guided on the antibiotic treatment and adequate analgesia was prescribed. Symptoms settled very soon after the open procedure and the requirements for analgesics were reduced to minimal use. The following couple of days, the pain, range of movement, and mobility significantly improved, and the patient returned within 2 weeks back to her normal activities. The rheumatologists organized a complete screening which ruled out elements of seronegative disease. In the final, 6-month follow-up, the patient was totally symptom free, and the blood markers were entirely unremarkable. Conclusion: This is the first case of COVID-19-related, hip arthritis recorded worldwide, in a patient without any predisposing factors. Clinical suspicion is the key for early diagnosis and treatment for every COVID-19-positive patient with musculoskeletal symptoms, even for the patients with no history of autoimmune diseases. Viral-related arthritis remains a diagnosis of exclusion and underlies the importance to perform all the test to rule out other possible inflammatory arthritis. Our experience showed that early irrigation of the joint cavity is related with efficient symptoms relief, less requirement for analgesia, less time in hospital, and quicker return to daily activities. Keywords: COVID, arthritis, acute, hip
Chronic Rupture of Pectoralis Major Muscle Repair: A Surgical Case Report
Authors: Alayane Ali , Moussa Mohamad K , Boushnak Mohammad O , Missaoui Ziad
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Pectoralis major injury is a rare injury. Its incidence increases with sports related activities. Early diagnosis is essential to obtain a satisfactory functional outcome. We present in this paper a case of 39-year-old male patient presenting with missed chronic the right pectoralis major muscle injury treated with anatomic surgical reinsertion of the muscle tendon to the humerus. Case Report: A 39-year-old male bodybuilder patient felt a snap in his right dominant shoulder while performing bench press. Diagnosis was missed by two physicians and right shoulder MRI confirmed the diagnosis of pectoralis major muscle injury. Reinsertion of the PM muscle tendon using suture anchor was done through deltopectoral approach. Shoulder immobilization for 1 month followed by passive and active range of motion exercises results in satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcome. Conclusion: PM muscle rupture affects mainly young male weightlifters. Loss of the anterior axillary fold is pathognomonic for PM injury. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest wall is the gold standard examination for the diagnosis. Acute surgical repair (<6 weeks) is recommended to obtain good or excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. Reconstruction showed lower strength and patient satisfaction; however, results were still significantly better than non-operative treatment reserved for patients with partial tears, muscle belly irreparable damage, and elderly patients with medical comorbidities whom operative treatment is not indicated. Keywords: PM, pectoralis major, chronic rupture, young weightlifter, shoulder surgery.
Effective Management of Bilateral Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears through Implantation of Subacromial Balloon Spacers
Authors: Fares Mohamad Y , Abboud Joseph A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears are challenging pathologies with many treatment modalities and therapeutic approaches. In patients with certain indications, the subacromial balloon spacer can effectively alleviate pain and improve function, in a manner that may be superior to other management options. Case Report: We report the case of a 64-year-old active male who had previously underwent a subacromial balloon placement in his right shoulder and an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair procedure on his left shoulder. He later presented with persistent pain and disability in his left shoulder and opted to undergo a second subacromial balloon placement on his left side. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral subacromial balloon placement procedure in the literature. Conclusion: The subacromial balloon is a safe treatment modality for irreparable rotator cuff tears, and its introduction into bilateral shoulders can provide an easier recovery and rehabilitation when compared to other more invasive procedures. Keywords: Subacromial balloon, rotator cuff, shoulder, partial cuff repair, interpositional balloon.
Conservative Management of Symptomatic Sacral Tarlov Cyst – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Chandrasekaran Srinivasacholan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Tarlov cysts are rare perineural cysts noted as an incidental finding in approximately 1% of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arising from extradural components near the dorsal root ganglion. Due to its localization, it may cause sensory symptoms in some cases. However, most of these cysts are asymptomatic. Case Report: We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with complaints of severe pain localized to the inner aspect of the thigh and gluteal region for the past 6 months, which has not been relieved by conservative management. On examination, there was a loss of sensation around the S2 and S3 dermatome with preserved motor functions. MRI showed a cystic lesion occupying the spinal canal with a size of about 1.3 × 0.7 cm with remodeling changes around the S2 vertebra. The cyst appears hypointense on T1 and hyperintense T2-weighted images. The diagnosis of the symptomatic Tarlov cyst was made and was managed with an epidural steroid injection. The patient was relieved of symptoms and remained asymptomatic till the latest follow-up at 1 year. Conclusion: Symptomatic presentation of Tarlov cyst though rare should be considered and managed appropriately if identified as the source of symptoms. Conservative management with epidural steroids is a successful method in the management of smaller cysts without motor symptoms. Keywords: Tarlov cyst, sacrum, spine, decompression.
A Case Report of Bilateral Lipoma Arborescens: An Unusual Consideration for Knee Pain
Authors: Goodwin Tyler M , Huang Neal , Bruce Jeremy R
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Lipoma arborescens (LAs) is a benign, intra-articular proliferation of fat cells in villous projections, creating a tree-like pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The suprapatellar pouch is usually affected, and symptoms are typically gradual in nature, and patients may report painless swelling of the knee. Only ten cases of bilateral LA have been reported in the literature so far. Early recognition of this disease process and treatment may help to prevent prolonged symptoms and delays in care. Case Report: A 49-year-old female with bilateral knee pain and intermittent swelling for over 20 years presented to our clinic with complaints of bilateral knee pain and swelling. She had previous steroid injection but no relief. After MRI was obtained concerning for LA, a surgical discussion was had with the patient about arthroscopic removal. She elected to proceed with surgery and underwent arthroscopic debridement of both knees. At her follow-up at 6 months for the right knee and 2 months for the left knee, she had a significant improvement in pain and quality of life. Conclusion: LA of the knee is a rare condition, particularly bilateral, and in this patient, the diagnosis was missed for many years, and her definitive treatment was delayed. In her case, arthroscopic debridement of her bilateral LA proved to be a viable treatment option which significantly improved the patient’s quality of life and function. Keywords: Lipoma arborescens, knee pain, benign tumor, knee arthroscopy.
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Encircling the First Metatarsal Bone Remodeling after Resection. A Case Report
Authors: Symeonidis Panagiotis D , Tsatlidou Maria , Spanos Ioannis , Papageorgiou Maria , Kesisis Georgios , Zarampouka Katerina
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The term tenosynovial giant cell tumor encompasses a group of rare soft-tissue tumors. A new classification divides the group in localized and diffuse type, depending on the involvement of the surrounding tissues. Due to the unclear origin and heterogeneity in extend of the diffuse-type giant cell tumors, there is only limited evidence on the tumor-specific treatment. Thus, every case report has an added value toward setting disease-specific guidelines. Case Report: Presentation of a diffuse type tenosynovial giant cell tumor encircling the first metatarsal. The tumor had mechanically eroded the plantar aspect of the distal metaphysis, with no signs of tumor spread. After an open biopsy, resection of the mass was performed without debriding or resecting the first metatarsal. Repeat imaging postoperatively showed no recurrence at 4-year follow-up and a bony remodeling of the lesion. Conclusion: Bone remodeling is possible after complete resection of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor when the erosion is caused by mechanical pressure and no intraosseous expansion of the tumor is present. Keywords: Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor, first metatarsal, bony erosion, bone remodeling.
ACL Reconstruction in a Poliotic Limb with Peroneus Longus Graft
Authors: Tandel Jignesh Y , Wagh Aniket A , Girde Vaibhav , Jagtap Kapil R , Chaudhari Nayan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Prevalence of polio was very high in India before its eradication, with a number of people living with its residual effects. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is the most common knee injury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in literature presenting ACL injury in a poliotic limb and its management. Case Report: A 30-year-old male with poliotic limb and equinovarus deformity presented with ACL injury to the same limb. ACL reconstruction was done using Peroneus longus graft. Postoperatively patient was gradually returned to preinjury activity levels. Conclusion: ACL tears in a poliotic limb can be a challenging case. Proper preoperative planning and anticipation of problems can help in managing the case with a good outcome. Keywords: ACL injury, Polio, ACL reconstruction, peroneus longus Graft, foot deformity.
Recovery from White cord Syndrome after Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Ranjan Shashi , Debbarma Sachlang , Skandh Angaj , Reang Santosh
Published: June 2023

Introduction: A new neurologic deficit after spine surgery is always the biggest surgeon’s nightmare. Worsening of neurology post-operatively in the absence of obvious per operative injury and with no extrinsic cause, the deficit is attributable to be caused by reperfusion injury of the spinal cord called as white cord syndrome (WCS). Hereby, we report 1-year follow-up of a case attributed as WCS after anterior cervical corpectomy with complete recovery. Case Report: A 64-year-old female patient presented with C5 - C6 tubercular lesion with extradural compression with ASIA C grade, treated with C5 - C6 corpectomy with harm cage reconstruction and tissue biopsy. Acute neurologic deterioration of both upper and lower extremities (ASIA A grade) was found 4 h after the operation upon extubation. Emergent imaging revealed no extrinsic causes. Methylprednisolone was initiated with rehabilitation therapies; her neurological status improved dramatically with complete neurological recovery at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: New-onset neurologic deficit is always an unexpected complication. Early identification and correct treatments can avert incomplete spinal cord from permanent damage. Our experience in dealing with this patient and following up the case for nearly 1 year showed a good neurological recovery. Keywords: Cervical, corpectomy, fusion, reperfusion injury, white cord syndrome.
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii
Authors: Chupia Vena , Ninsuwon Jirapat , Intanon Montira , Pikulkaew Surachai
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Sporothrix schenckii is the causative agent of sporotrichosis, which most commonly causes lymphocutaneous infections in immunocompromised hosts. This pathogen infects dogs, cats, cattle, and buffaloes and can potentially infect humans. Diagnosis by fungal culture is lengthy, and although there are several clinical diagnoses and molecular methods, these are complicated and time-consuming for veterinarians. This study aimed to develop a visual diagnostic assay that is less time-consuming and can be used by veterinarians to screen for sporotrichosis.

Materials and Methods: To develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for sporotrichosis, primers specific for fragments of the 18S rRNA gene of S. schenckii were designed. Then, the time and temperature were optimized to successfully achieve LAMP. Ten-fold serial dilutions of DNA were used to determine the detection limit using both LAMP and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays.

Results: The optimal LAMP conditions were incubation at 73°C for 30 min. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a ladder-like pattern of the LAMP product, and a sky-blue color indicated a positive result. A comparison of the LAMP assay with nPCR revealed that it was 10 times more sensitive than nPCR, with a detection limit of 10 pg. The use of a heat box compared with a thermocycler gave the same results.

Conclusion: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification gives good results and may represent a future alternative diagnostic tool for screening fungal pathogens before the results of conventional fungal cultures are received. However, this method should be further studied to clarify its use with clinical samples.

Keywords: loop-mediated isothermal amplification, molecular detection, rapid detection, Sporothrix schenckii, sporotrichosis, visual detection.
The influence of subclinical mastitis on the protein composition and protease activities of raw milk from lactating Thai-crossbred dairy cows
Authors: Tiantong Attapol , Eardmusic Sirichai , Arunvipas Pipat , Lee Jai-Wei , Inyawilert Wilasinee
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Mastitis in dairy cattle is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death, which has major implications for milk production and quality. This study aimed to investigate the protein component and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) in raw milk samples with different testing scores determined using the California mastitis test (CMT).

Materials and Methods: Thirty cows were employed in the study, and milk from each quarter was tested for subclinical mastitis (SCM). According to the results of CMT, raw milk samples were classified into five categories: Healthy (score 0), trace (score T), weakly positive (score 1), distinctly positive (score 2), and strongly positive (score 3) for somatic cell count (SCC). The total milk protein was analyzed using the Bio-Rad protein assay, and the milk protein composition was determined using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. In addition, gelatin zymography was used to evaluate changes in proteolytic abilities.

Results: Milk samples with CMT scores of 1 and 3 had the highest total milk protein levels (32.25 ± 12.60 g/L and 32.50 ± 7.67 g/L, respectively), while the samples from healthy cows (CMT score 0) were only 6.75 ± 1.64 g/L. Globulin and lactoferrin were significantly increased in samples with a CMT score of 3 compared with those with other CMT scores. The bovine serum albumin level in samples with a CMT score of 2 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those with other CMT scores. No significant differences in casein abundance were found among samples with different CMT scores. Results from analysis of proteolytic activities demonstrated that the level of MMP-9 in samples with a CMT score of 3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those with other CMT scores.

Conclusion: The protein content and gelatinolytic activity of milk were drastically altered by the number of SCC, mainly due to SCM.

Keywords: milk protein, protease activity, subclinical mastitis, Thai-crossbred dairy cows.
Jalan Hidup Filosofis Muḥammad Ibn Zakariyyā Al-Rāzī dan Relevansinya dengan Problem Psikologis Manusia Modern
Authors: Muh. Bahrul Afif
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Materialistic life orientation in the modern era is the reason for the emergence of various life problems, especially psychological problems. One of the psychological problems that arise is the meaninglessness of life or an existential vacuum. If it does not receive serious attention, then the problem has the potential to cause mental health disorders that, in fact, now plague many modern humans. Those who are sober, gradually begin to seek to find solutions to overcome the psychological burden by turning to certain life paths. Among them are those who dive into the world of spirituality, some go through philosophical paths such as Stoicism, which is now widely loved. Therefore, digging into various traditions to find the right solution in overcoming mental health disorders is paramount. Such efforts can also be made through Islamic philosophy. One philosopher who paid special attention to mental health issues was al-Rāzī. This is contained in his thoughts on Philosophic Life. This is the main discussion in this study. The results of this study illustrate that although such thinking appears to defend misunderstood Socrates’ life paths, yet the real philosophic life—instead of imitating Socrates—is to imitate the attributes of God. As for al-Rāzī’s application of the Philosophic Life: training the control of passions; not hurting other beings; not hurting ourself; does not go beyond the extreme limits (defect or excess); and imitate the attributes of God to the extent of man’s abilities.
Keyword: Al-Rāzī, Mental Health, Philosophic Life
Effect of pesticides on cognitive and motor performance in habitants of rural areas ofTolima
Authors: Prado Guzmán Katherine , Puerta Cortés Diana Ximena , Poveda Cuellar José Luis
Published: June 2023

Organophosphate pesticides can cause cognitive impairment. However, the farmer uses different pesticides in all phases of the same crop. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of serial pesticides on cognitive and motor performance in samples of exposed, indirectly exposed, and unexposed people. In the exploratory study with a cross-sectional design, a total of 135 small farmers from the informal sector participated. Mini-Mental, Trail Making, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, Digit Retention, Hopkins Verbal Learning and the Grooved Pegboard tests were administered. The results show that the highest serial exposure occurs with Glyphosate, Lorsban, Furadan and Paraquat. The group with direct exposure to pesticides presented a lower performance in working memory, explicit verbal memory, constructive praxis and fine motor control of the right hand, than the indirectly exposed group and the unexposed group. In conclusion, direct and serial exposure to pesticides generates neuropsychological and motor impairment in informal sector farmers, it is recommended the development of public politics that promote healthy and safe practices, to minimize the risks due to the use of these substances
Morfometri Traktus Alimentarius Ikan Nila Merah ( Oreochromis niloticus ) yang Dipelihara dengan Aerasi dan Filter Berbeda
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Yuliana Safira , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: June 2023

Traktus alimentarius merupakan saluran pencernaan yang digunakan dalam rangka penyederhanaan makanan melalui mekanisme fisik dan kimiawi. Peningkatan pertumbuhan organ cerna ini merupakan bentuk pengoptimalisasian fungsi fisiologis organ tubuh ikan berdasarkan pengendalian faktor lingkungan dengan pemberian aerasi dan filter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan aerasi, filter, serta kombinasi aerasi dan filter pada morfometri traktus alimentarius ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian dilakukan selama 60 hari dengan proses awal aklimatisasi. Hewan uji dipelihara dengan memperhatikan pakan dan faktor lingkungan. Dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan bobot  awal, serta bobot akhir total maupun kompartemen pada traktus alimentarius. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Anova dan uji BNT menggunakan aplikasi spss release 26. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aerasi dan filter memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap panjang dan berat traktus alimentarius ikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan aerator ganda dilengkapi dengan filter memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertambahan panjang dan bobot traktus alimentarius.The alimentarius tract is a digestive tract that is used to simplify food through physical and chemical mechanisms. This increase in the growth of digestive organs is a form of optimizing the physiological functions of fish organs based on controlling environmental factors by providing aeration and filters. This study aims to analyze the use of aeration, filter, and combination of aeration and filter on the morphometry of the tract alimentarius of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted for 60 days with the initial process of acclimatization. The test animals were kept by paying attention to feed and environmental factors. Measurements of length and initial weight, as well as total final weight and compartments in the alimentarius tract were carried out. The research data were then analyzed by Anova test and BNT test using spss release 26 application. The results showed that aeration and filter had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the length and weight of the alimentarius tract of fish. The conclusion of this study is that the use of double aerators equipped with filters has a positive impact on the increase in length and weight of the alimentarius tract.
Hubungan antara Harga Diri dan Adaptabilitas Karir pada Siswa Kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang
Authors: Heditya Nur Rochmah , Sawitri Dian Ratna
Published: June 2023

Adaptabilitas karir merupakan kemampuan individu dalam menghadapi dan menyesuaikan diri pada perubahan-perubahan yang terkait dengan karir, baik yang terduga maupun tidak. Harga diri adalah cara individu memandang dirinya, dan sejauh mana merasa dirinya berharga serta mampu melakukan sesuatu. Siswa kelas X mengalami masa transisi dari SMP ke SMA sehingga dituntut untuk dapat menyesuaikan diri pada lingkungan sosial dan permasalahan baru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara harga diri dan adaptabilitas karir pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Semarang yang berjumlah 504 orang. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 232 siswa dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Hasil analisis Rank Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara harga diri dan adaptabilitas karir (rxy = 0,719; p = 0,000), artinya semakin tinggi harga diri seseorang maka akan semakin tinggi pula adaptabilitas karirnya.
The Historical Development of the Hungarian Plea Bargain
Authors: Kelemenné Csontos Laura
Published: June 2023

The new Criminal Procedure Code entered into force on 1 July2018. Based on the experience of the last four years, the settlement has not beenpopular, but confession at the preparatory session has become favoured.Hungarian academic literature considers the settlement to be the institutionclosest to the American plea bargain. In addition to the two new legalinstitutions, the Criminal Procedure Code contains several simplifier options.Both the previous and the current Criminal Procedure Code provide successfulsimplifier tools (e.g., penalty order), however, neither the settlement nor itspredecessor — the waiver of trial — could break through. In my PhD study Iam looking for the answer to why the Hungarian plea bargain cannot breakthrough, for which purpose I examine the antecedents of the settlement from ahistorical point of view. A fundamental shortcoming can be observed: similarly,to German criminal procedure law, the principle of consensus as a legitimizingprinciple is missing from Hungarian criminal procedure. It would beworthwhile to examine the results that the introduction of the consensusprinciple would lead to. In addition, it would be important to examine thedifferent simplifier institutions in relation to each other, i.e., to which groups ofcases and how they are applied. It is possible that the aim of speeding upprocedures may be reached more conveniently by the authorities by othersimplifier solutions.
Citizen Rights in a Critical Juncture: Comparing the EU and ASEAN Legal Response in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nur Asrul Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

The article's primary objective is to explore and compare the legalinstrument adopted by regional organisations, specifically the EU and ASEAN,to impose restrictions on free movement rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic.This article uses hard and soft law classifications to denote the great number oftypes and forms of legal instruments. Furthermore, this article aims to explainthe pattern of regional organisations adopting legal tools to govern restrictionson free movement rights. Legal research methodologies analyse legalinstruments from the EU and ASEAN's official legal databases with doctrinaland comparative perspectives. The study's findings revealed two distinct trendsof adopting various types of legal instruments by the EU and ASEAN.Additionally, the choice of this type of legal instrument has ramifications forguaranteeing the practical application of citizen rights, particularly the right tofreedom of movement.
Anti-money laundering and countering financing of terrorism legislation in Vietnam: Criminalization, Practice and Challenges
Authors: Thai Ha Van
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to examine the effectiveness and suitability of theVietnamese anti-money laundering (AML) and countering financing terrorism(CFT) regime. This paper has three parts. The first part of the paper willprovide an overview of the Law on Anti-money laundering 2012 (the Law onAML) and the criminalization of money laundering offences in the CriminalCode 2015, amended in 2017. The second part of the paper seeks to examinethe practice and challenges of the Vietnamese AML/CFT framework in terms ofthe (i) implementation of preventive measures adopted by the reportinginstitutions in order to preclude and identify money laundering cases; (ii) use ofreporting and combating identifiable or suspected money launderingtransactions to the relevant authorities; and (iii) domestic and internationalcooperation in AML. The third part of the paper will provide recommendationsas referencing for other jurisdictions.
Intelligent Detection to Laser Welding Seam Defect Using Adaptive Joint Wavelet Dictionary Learning of PEC Signal
Authors: He Kuanfang , Yong Jiangfeng , Zhou Rongyu , Liang Jiahe , Yang Jingwei , Jiang Mian , Shi Wenqing , Qiao Jiangwei , Lu Qingbo
Published: June 2023

The pulsed eddy current (PEC) is an effective method for the online detection of laser welding seam defects. The joint wavelet dictionary learning method is proposed for solving the separation problem of the broad frequency harmonic and local non-smooth distortion of the PEC signal. The Haar and Gabor wavelet is adopted to be the basic function, which is extended to be the over complete wavelet dictionary library by cyclic migration. The sparse representation of the defect PEC signal is obtained by combining the joint wavelet dictionary with the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. The feature parameters of the PEC signal are calculated and inputted into the support vector machine to detect the laser welding seam defect intelligently. The validity of the proposed method is further verified by the experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the classification identification and quantitative assessment of the pore and crack.
Fatores relacionados à evasão em EAD: validação de uma escala
Authors: Rodrigues Umekawa Elienay Eiko , Zerbini Thaís
Published: June 2023

A evasão acadêmica é tida como séria ameaça à Educação a Distância. Esteartigo objetiva contribuir com o campo educacional ao validar, estatisticamente, a ferramenta Fatores Relacionados à Evasão e à Persistência em EAD. Os cursos-alvo dessa validação foram ofertados por instituições de ensino superior do interior paulista. Realizou-se a coleta de dados, ao final dos cursos, por meio de questionário digitalizado que aferiu fatores dificultadores e favorecedores da permanência discente em cursos EAD.Foram efetuadas análises estatísticas de Componentes Principais (PC), Fatoriais (PAF) e de consistência interna. Após validação estatística, a escala apresentou quatro fatores: Suporte tecnológico e de tutoria, 18 itens (α=0,93); Características exógenas ao curso, 11 itens (α=0,84); Características do aluno, 8 itens (α=0,86);Desenho do curso, 4 itens (α=0,75). Os resultados indicam que a escala, para a amostra participante da pesquisa, é estatisticamente válida e confiável.
O conceito vigotskiano de Zona de desenvolvimento Proximal em sítios da internet
Authors: Miranda Célia Artemisa Gomes Rodrigues , Dariz Marion Rodrigues , Cenci Adriane
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho objetiva analisar, em textos postados na internet, o conceito de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP) – fundamental na obra de Vigotski – apresentando e discutindo, igualmente, uma versão correta desse conceito, baseada no próprio autor. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Google, nas três primeiras páginas geradas pela busca, e a análise foi realizada a partir das seguintes categorias relativas ao conceito de ZDP: curso ou portal educacional, artigo científico, trabalho de estudante, ilustração e vídeo, quanto à natureza do sítio que o abrigava; e adequado, parcialmente adequado, inadequado e ausente, quanto ao seu conteúdo. Os conceitos considerados adequados foram os mais frequentes e, em sua maior parte, apresentados em artigos científicos, embora estes não ocupassem os primeiros lugares nas páginas pesquisadas. Nos primeiros lugares, apareciam sítios de cursos e portais educacionais, nos quais foram encontrados vários conceitos parcialmente adequados e inadequados. Os achados indicam a necessidade de analisar a qualidade dos sítios nos quais se pesquisa na internet e a importância de consultar artigos científicos nessas pesquisas.
Die digitale Wirtschaft in der internationalen Besteuerung - Eine Einführung (Teil 2)
Authors: Meyering Stephan , Müller-Thomczik Sandra , Gieshoidt Fabienne
Published: June 2023

Die Ertragsbesteuerung der Unternehmen der digitalen Wirtschaft ist das zentrale Steuerthema der letzten Jahre. Auf internationaler Ebene, initiiert durch die OECD, werden deutliche Reformierungen angestrebt. Der vorliegende Beitrag führt umfassend in die Problematik der Besteuerung der digitalen Wirtschaft ein. Hierfür wurde im ersten Teil des Beitrags (WiSt-Heft Nr. 5/2023) der Begriff der digitalen Wirtschaft nach der Definition der OECD erklärt. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit den Prinzipien der internationalen Besteuerung und stellt diese der digitalen Wirtschaft gegenüber. Im Anschluss werden die Reformbestrebungen der OECD vorgestellt.
En torno a la invención de la realidad en el cine contemporáneo de ciencia ficción / Around Invention of Reality in Contemporary Science Fiction Films
Authors: Moriente David
Published: June 2023

En las dos últimas décadas se ha podido detectar un interés creciente por la vida cotidiana y el realismo en el cine de ciencia ficción. Por este motivo, el presente ensayo analiza cómo se construye la realidad en el cine contemporáneo dentro de dicho género. Partiendo del punto de inflexión que supusieron en la cultura los acontecimientos del 11-S en estados Unidos, el texto estudia las líneas rectoras de uso de un hipotético realismo modal en el cine de ciencia ficción que incorporaría retóricas y recursos tomados de los «cines de lo real» que posibilitaría efectuar pronósticos sobre el comportamiento de la sociedad del futuro inminente. Se propone el análisis de la película de Michael Winterbottom, Código 46 (2003), como conclusión de las características de la tendencia antes señalada.Palabras clave: cine de ciencia ficción contemporáneo, retórica documental, realidad, realismo modal, sociedad contemporánea, estudios culturales, Código 46.AbstractIn the last two decades, we could identify an increasing interest on realistic everyday life on science fiction films. This paper analyzes how the reality is invented in contemporary films. Additionally, the text reviews the key aspect of 9/11 events in US and its cultural influence in an hypothetic modal realism in science fiction films; this pattern incorporates visual strategies took from documentary practices which carries out prognosis over imminent future society. Finally, the article suggests analyzing Michael Winterbottom’s Code 46 (2003) as a paradigm of this new form of realism.Keywords: contemporary science fiction cinema, documentary rhetoric, reality, modal realism, contemporary society, cultural studies, Code 46.
Kinetic study of the enzyme conversion of steam exploded Paulownia Tomentosa to glucose
Authors: Radeva Greta , Valchev Ivo , Petrin Stoiko , Valcheva Eva , Tsekova Petya
Published: June 2023

Paulownia Tomentosa was pretreated by steam explosion. The cellulase complex NS 50013 and the β-glucosidase NS 50010 of Novozymes AS were used for the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose. The kinetics of enzyme conversion was studied using the exponential kinetic equation valid for processes taking place at uniformly inhomogeneous surfaces. The kinetic coefficient of inhomogeneity accounts for the energy and entropy inhomogeneity of the system and depends on the temperature. It was established that both the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor increase simultaneously with increasing of conversion degree. A compensation effect between pre-exponential factor and activation energy was observed. The energetic hindrances established cannot be completely compensated by the positive effect of the pre-exponential factor increase. Hence, the activation energy has a determining influence on how quickly the rate of hydrolysis decreases.
Production of nanocellulose from native cellulose – Various options utilizing ultrasound
Authors: Mishra Shree P. , Manent Anne-S. , Chabot Bruno , Daneault Claude
Published: June 2023

In this study three different ways of applying ultrasound for the production of nanocellulose from native cellulose were explored. In the first option bleached hardwood kraft pulp was oxidized with the ultrasound (US) assisted TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl-system (US-TEMPO-system) followed by mechanical separation of nanocellulose. The pulp oxidized by the US-TEMPO-system had higher carboxyls content and ca. 10% increase in nanocellulose yield when compared to the TEMPO-system without sono catalysis. In the second option ultrasound pretreated pulp was oxidized using the TEMPO-system. Although there was no gain in carboxyls content in this process versus the oxidation with TEMPO-system without ultrasound treatment, a higher degree of fibrillation was obtained after ultrasound treatment. In the third case the TEMPO oxidized pulp was subjected to mechanical and ultrasound treatments for nanocellulose production. Under similar treatment time the subsequent ultrasound treatment achieved higher nanocellulose yield than the subsequent mechanical treatment. However, in comparison, the ultrasound treated nanocellulose had lower Rheometer Stresstech viscosity. Furthermore, it was observed that cellulose nanofibrils produced by ultrasound treatment were slightly thinner compared to those produced using the mechanical method.
Pseudallescheria angusta, a ligninolytic microorganism for wood fibres biomodification
Authors: Guisado Gema , López Maria J. , Vargas-García M. Carmen , Suárez-Estrella Francisca , Moreno Joaquin
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, the discovery of lignocellulolytic microorganisms that are better adapted to operational conditions while exhibiting the strong degrading activities is highly desired for successful lignocellulose biotransformation processes. In this study, microorganisms were isolated from lignocellulose-rich composting materials by selective methods. A screening of isolates known to have lignocellulolytic abilities was performed using several tests. Seven microorganisms showed ligninolytic potential and were subjected for further analysis according to their degrading activity. The fungus Pseudallescheriaangusta MF4 demonstrated high decolorization rates for three aromatic dyes: Poly R-478, Poly S-119, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R. In addition, the fungus showed a high production rate of ligninolytic enzymes in the presence of inducers. This fungus achieved the highest values of growth after 21 days of incubation on sawdust without any additional nutrients. Owing to its proven ligninolytic activity and capability of growing on a lignocellulosic substrate, the application of this isolate could be of interest in different biotechnological applications, particularly in biological treatment of wood fibres in order to improve the production of wood-based composites.
Rapid predictive models for minimally destructive Kappa number and pulp yield of Acacia spp. with near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Hao , Song Shuping , Lang Qian , Zhang Jing , Pu Junwen
Published: June 2023

Kraft pulp and wood powder rom Acacia Spp. were selected for the development of rapid, minimally-destructive, and predictions of kappa number and pulp yield, by means of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra. The models, based on Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R), were established with fifty-four calibration samples selected by Principle Component Analysis (PCA), while the validation models resulted from nineteen samples that were not included in the calibration set. The and stability of calibration models were evaluated by coefficient of determination for calibration (R2cal) and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV). The coefficient of determination for validation (R2val) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were used for validation models. The main results showed that: (1) the predictive models from pulp were more credible in terms of the R2cal and R2val values than those from wood powder by 25 to 70%; and (2) a validation model for kappa number from pulp showed a better stability than the corresponding calibration model, since RMSEP was 23.5% less than RMSECV, while calibration models for pulp yield were more steady than validation models. This study provided reliable models for predicting kappa number and pulp yield rapidly and with a minimal need for physical sampling.