bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Does Being a Settler Ally in Research Mean? A Graduate Students Experience Learning From and Working Within Indigenous Research Paradigms
Authors: Snow Kathy
Published: May 2018

Research with Indigenous peoples is fraught with complexity and misunderstandings. The complexity of negotiating historical and current issues as well as the misunderstandings about what the issues really mean for individuals and communities can cause non-Indigenous researchers to shy away from working with Indigenous groups. In conducting research for my doctoral dissertation, I was a novice researcher faced with negotiating two very different sets of social contracts: the Western Canadian university’s and my Indigenous participants’. Through narrative inquiry of my experience, this article explores issues of ethics, institutional expectations, and community relationships. Guided by Kirkness and Barnhardt’s “Four R’s” framework of respect, relevance, reciprocity, and responsibility, I aimed to meet the needs of both the groups, but it was not without challenges. What do you do when needs collide? This article shares my process of negotiating the research, the decisions made, and how I came to understand my role in the process as a Settler Ally. It closes with some implications for other researchers who are considering their own roles as Settler Allies.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for intermittent claudication: Medium-term outcomes from a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled pilot trial
Authors: Green Jordan Luke , Harwood Amy Elizabeth , Smith George Edward , Das Tushar , Raza Ali , Cayton Thomas , Wallace Tom , Carradice Daniel , Chetter Ian Clifford
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Peripheral arterial disease most commonly presents as intermittent claudication (IC). Early evidence has suggested that extracorporeal shockwave therapy is efficacious in the short term for the management of intermittent claudication. The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the medium-term efficacy of this treatment.

Methods

This double-blind randomised placebo-controlled pilot trial randomised patients with unilateral intermittent claudication in a 1:1 fashion to receive extracorporeal shockwave therapy or a sham treatment for three sessions per week over three weeks. Primary outcomes were maximum walking distance and intermittent claudication distance using a fixed-load treadmill test. Secondary outcomes included pre- and post-exertional ankle-brachial pressure indices, safety and quality of life assessed using generic (SF36, EQ-5D-3L) and disease-specific (vascular quality of life) measures. All outcome measures were assessed at 12 months post-treatment.

Results

Thirty participants were included in the study (extracorporeal shockwave therapy, n = 15; sham, n = 15), with 26 followed up and analysed at 12 months (extracorporeal shockwave therapy, n = 13; sham, n = 13). Intragroup analysis demonstrated significant improvements in maximum walking distance, intermittent claudication distance and post-exertional ankle-brachial pressure indices ( p < 0.05) in the active treatment group, with no improvements in pre-exertional ankle-brachial pressure indices. Significant improvements in quality of life were observed in 3 out of 19 domains assessed in the active group. A re-intervention rate of 26.7% was seen in both groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that extracorporeal shockwave therapy is effective in improving walking distances at 12 months. Although this study provides important pilot data, a larger study is needed to corroborate these findings and to investigate the actions of this treatment. ISRCTN: NCT02652078.
Seeing Through the User’s Eyes
Authors: Coddington Mark
Published: May 2018

Drawing on the concept of audience construction, this study offers an empirical test of the argument by Boczkowski that journalists’ perceptions of their audience influence their implementation of new technologies. It uses a national survey of U.S. newspaper journalists to determine whether their perceptions of audiences’ use of and demand for video, social media, and mobile-oriented design predict their own public-facing use of those technologies. Findings indicate that journalists’ perceptions of audience demand, but not audience technological use and access, are significantly associated with news organizations’ increased technology use, suggesting that journalists view their audiences more as market-oriented technological consumers than as dynamic users.
Diagnostic accuracy of whole-brain computed tomography perfusion for detection of ischemic stroke in patients with mild neurological symptoms
Authors: Frank Robert A , Chakraborty Santanu , McGrath Trevor , Mungham Alexander , Ross James , Dowlatshahi Dar , Shamy Michel , Stotts Grant
Published: May 2018

Mild and minor acute neurological symptoms may lead to diagnostic uncertainty, resulting in a heterogeneous group of patients with true ischemic events and stroke mimics with a potential for poor outcomes. More than half of ischemic stroke patients present as minor strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6). Whole-brain computed tomography perfusion can be used as a diagnostic test for minor stroke, offering a potential method of reducing diagnostic uncertainty in these patients. We hypothesize that whole-brain computed tomography perfusion imaging features could accurately predict infarction in patients with minor neurological deficits. This retrospective chart review enrolled consecutive patients suspected of acute ischemic stroke with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6, who underwent whole-brain computed tomography perfusion and follow-up diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at our institution. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for whole-brain computed tomography perfusion, using follow-up diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard. A total of 524 patients (mean age: 67 years; range: 17–96 years; 56% men) met the inclusion criteria. Patients were excluded for non-diagnostic ( n = 25) or missing maps ( n = 8) scans, non-ischemic findings ( n = 7), and lack of follow-up magnetic resonance imaging ( n = 336). The final analysis included 148 patients who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain computed tomography perfusion has a sensitivity of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.45–0.69) and a specificity of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.90). The positive and negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 75%, 67%, 3.09, and 0.53, respectively. Our analysis suggests that although whole-brain computed tomography perfusion may offer some value as an adjunctive test for improving confidence in offering stroke treatment, it is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to accurately predict cerebral infarcts in patients with minor neurological symptoms.
Blast mitigation effect of the layered concrete structure with an air gap: A numerical approach
Authors: Yu Xiao , Chen Li , Fang Qin , Hou Xiaofeng , Fan Yi
Published: May 2018

A novel layered concrete structure with an air gap was proposed to resist explosion attacks from terrorist bombings or conventional weapons. The proposed layered structure potentially benefits mitigating the blast wave induced from detonation in the predamaged concrete shelter layer by projectile penetration, because the wave impedance between air and concrete material is far different. To quantitatively evaluate the blast mitigation effects and reveal the blast-resistant mechanism, a fine numerical model of the proposed layered structure was built in LS-DYNA, in which trinitrotoluene explosive was detonated in predamaged concrete shelter at different depths. The developed model was validated by field tests of concrete slab under contact explosion. Failure mode of concrete shelter and pressure time histories on the protective structure layer were captured and compared. The distinct blast mitigation effect of the proposed layered structure was demonstrated. A parametric study on the perforation limit, height, and residual depth of concrete shelter was also performed. The calculated results revealed that trinitrotoluene explosive detonated at the impact perforation limit of concrete shelter by projectile penetration is a dangerous critical condition that may cause negative effects on blast mitigation. The blast mitigation rates can always exceed 99%, as long as the concrete shelter is not blasted to perforation. A fitting formula to obtain a higher blast mitigation rate in guiding the design of a layered concrete structure with an air gap was put forward.
Incidence, mechanisms and impact outcome of hyperglycaemia in severe scorpion-envenomed patients
Authors: Bahloul Mabrouk , Turki Olfa , Chaari Anis , Bouaziz Mounir
Published: May 2018

Hyperglycaemia is often observed in severe scorpion-envenomed patients. It is due to a severe autonomic storm with a massive release of catecholamines, increased glucagon levels, cortisol levels, and either decreased insulin levels or insulin resistance. The presence of hyperglycaemia is an indicator of severity in this specific condition. Indeed, hyperglycaemia was associated with the severity of clinical manifestations of severe scorpion envenomation requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In fact, the presence of hyperglycaemia was associated with the presence of respiratory failure, pulmonary oedema, haemodynamic instability, neurological failure, multisystem organ failure, and an increased mortality and ICU length of stay. As a consequence, we think the presence of hyperglycaemia in scorpion-envenomed patients at the emergency department prompts searching for presence of systemic manifestations or cardiorespiratory manifestations. As a consequence, the presence of hyperglycaemia can help screen severe patients at the emergency department.

The current management of severe scorpion envenomation involves the admission and close surveillance in the ICU, where vital signs and continuous monitoring enable early initiation of therapy for life-threatening complications. The use of antivenom for scorpion stings remains controversial. All patients with pulmonary oedema should receive prazosin and possibly dobutamine, according the scorpion’s species. Mechanical ventilation is usually used in severe cases. Insulin should be reserved for severe cases with confirmed excessive hyperglycaemia (>10 mmol/l).
Social participation and support network patterns among marriage migrants in South Korea: Does place of residence matter?
Authors: Chang Hsin-Chieh
Published: May 2018

Using the case of female marriage migrants in South Korea, one new immigrant destination hosting the majority of East Asia’s marriage migrants, this article examines the associations between social participation, place of residence, and support network patterns among the six largest migrant groups ( n = 64,972): ethnic Koreans (Korean Chinese) born in China, Vietnamese, Han Chinese from China, and those from the Philippines, Japan, and Cambodia. The results show that both participation in community meetings and membership in non-governmental organizations are significantly associated with more types of Korean support networks and co-ethnic support networks, after controlling for demographics, immigrant characteristics, marital status, health status, perceived discrimination, and ethnicity or country of origin. Using Seoul City as a reference location, those who lived in Jeolla Province were less likely to have support networks composed of Koreans yet were more likely to have support networks of co-ethnics, after holding all other covariates constant. With the identification of significant interactions between marriage migrants’ place of residence and ethnicity, stratified ordered logistic models demonstrate how place of residence matters for marriage migrants of certain ethnicities or countries of origin. In conclusion, this article demonstrates the importance and the benefits of social participation for marriage migrants as a pathway to building support networks of local people and co-ethnics.
Comparison of oxycodone hydrochloride and sufentanil used in painless fiberbronchoscopy
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xiao Tianke , Chen Zuqi , Xiong Shuguang , Wang Xiaohong
Published: May 2018

The study was designed to understand the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and sufentanil used in painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A total of 90 patients aged 3–84 years undergoing painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy were selected, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): I–III criteria—the equal number of subjects were randomly divided into sufentanil group (group A) and oxycodone hydrochloride group (group B). The vital signs, surgical examination and anesthesia, the effect of anesthesia, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups during the operation. The change of heart rate and changes of hemodynamics in group B were found to be lower than in group A. The number of breaths was significantly lower than group B. The decrease of SpO2 in group A was higher than in group B. Cases of SpO2 <90% was higher in group A than in group B. The dosage of propofol and the recovery time in group A was significantly higher than in group B. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in group A was higher than in group B. Oxycodone hydrochloride combined with propofol used in painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy could improve the safety and efficiency of analgesia compared to sufentanil combined with propofol. The effect was found to have stable hemodynamics and fewer adverse reactions.
Lipopolysaccharide influence on leptin hormone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from human adipose tissue
Authors: Al-Lahham Sa’ad , Jaradat Nidal , Al-Qub Malik , Hamayel Abdallah , Assaassa Abdalrahman , Hammad Faris , Mosa Ahmed , Nafaa Fouad , Barqawi Abdelkarem , Abdeen Ziad
Published: May 2018

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation that originates mainly from adipose tissue. This is implicated in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Strong evidence indicates that chronically elevated systemic low-grade lipopolysaccharide (LPS), elicits low-grade inflammation. However, evidence on LPS effect on adipokines’ level, such as leptin, is scarce, and it has never been investigated ex vivo in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and therefore we aim to investigate this. To achieve our aim, SAT explants were obtained from 12 patients (50% males) and were treated with/without LPS. Protein concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the average age and body mass index (BMI) of included patients were 58.6 years and 28.6 kg/m2, respectively. LPS induced significantly (~3×, P < 0.0001) the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SAT, and it was not associated with age or BMI. However, leptin secretion was inhibited slightly (~20%), but significantly. Interestingly, leptin release was significantly inhibited (~50%) in SAT from lean but not from obese patients, and there was an association between leptin response and BMI (R = 0.8), but no association with age. In this study, we found, for the first time, that LPS suppresses the release of leptin hormone from SAT obtained from lean patients, while it induces TNF-α release. Our findings provide extra evidence and confirm earlier studies regarding the role of LPS in low-grade inflammation. Further investigations are essential to identify factors that inhibit LPS passage through intestinal barrier in order to prevent or reduce the development of obesity and its associated chronic diseases.
Differences in Hip Joint Biomechanics and Muscle Activation in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Compared With Healthy, Asymptomatic Individuals: Is Level-Ground Gait Analysis Enough?
Authors: Rutherford Derek J. , Moreside Janice , Wong Ivan
Published: May 2018

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a recognized cause of hip and groin pain and a significant factor in hip joint function during sport. Objective tests for understanding hip function are lacking in this population.

Purpose:

To determine whether biomechanical and electromyographic features of hip function during level-ground walking differ between a group diagnosed with FAI and those with no symptoms of FAI.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 20 asymptomatic individuals and 20 individuals with FAI walked on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill at self-selected walking velocities. Sagittal and frontal plane joint motions, moments, and muscle activation for the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and medial and lateral hamstrings were analyzed. Discrete measures were extracted from each biomechanical waveform, and principal component analysis was used to determine hip joint muscle activation and hip adduction moment patterns. Statistical significance was determined by use of Student t tests with Bonferroni adjustments for multiple comparisons (α = .05).

Results:

Individuals with FAI walked more slowly ( P = .015) and had lower self-reported function ( P < .001). No differences in muscle strength were found between the symptomatic and contralateral legs in the FAI group ( P > .017), but those with FAI had lower strength in the knee extensors and flexors and the hip extensors, flexors, and adductors compared with the asymptomatic group ( P < .017). Individuals with unilateral symptomatic FAI walked with similar biomechanical and hip muscle electromyographic results bilaterally. The only differences found were a greater amplitude of gluteus maximus activation in the FAI symptomatic leg compared with the asymptomatic group and greater medial hamstring activation than lateral hamstring activation in the FAI group in both limbs compared with the asymptomatic group.

Conclusion:

Individuals with FAI were generally deconditioned and reported significantly more functional limitations. No biomechanical differences existed between groups during level walking, yet hamstring and gluteus maximus activation differed when the symptomatic group was compared with the asymptomatic group.

Clinical Relevance:

The field lacks objective testing of hip joint function to understand implications of FAI for dynamic movements, particularly with applications to biomechanics and electromyography. Level walking was of limited value for understanding FAI hip function, and the development of a more challenging gait assessment is warranted.
Neoliberal urbanism as ‘Strategic Coupling’ to global chains: Port infrastructure and the role of economic impact studies
Authors: Jaffee David
Published: May 2018

This paper identifies and delineates a variant of neoliberal urbanism that grounds city-region economic development on the ability to gain financial and public support for large-scale infrastructure projects advancing particular forms of capital accumulation. More specifically, the focus is on the effort of city-regions to strategically exploit and expand geographic and physical assets to capture economic benefits associated with global value chains through the expansion of maritime ports. This development strategy requires sizable public investments in port infrastructure. In order to justify and convince the public and political officials of the wisdom of such investments, port officials commission economic impact studies. These are designed to demonstrate how the public investments will pay off in terms of economic development. This paper will critically examine this feature of the urban development strategy and its role in advancing a particular neoliberal development agenda. The analysis is placed in the larger context of actual existing neoliberalism, the shifting economic prospects of cities and regions, the rise of logistics and transportation, and inter-port competition for containerized cargo.
Indirect evidence of network effects in a system of cities
Authors: Raimbault Juste
Published: May 2018

We describe a simple spatial model of urban growth for systems of cities at the macroscopic scale, which combines direct interaction between cities and an indirect effect of physical network flows as population growth drivers. The model is parametrized on population data for the French system of cities between 1831 and 1999, in which strong non-stationarity in correlation patterns suggest to apply the model on local time windows. The corresponding calibration of the model using genetic algorithms provides the evolution of interaction processes and network effects in time. Furthermore, the fit improvement when adding network module appears effective when controlling for additional parameters, what confirms the ability of the model to unveil network effects in the system of cities.
Neural networks and mechatronics for detecting carpet pile direction
Authors: Marshall Matthew
Published: May 2018

Determining carpet pile direction is necessary in the manufacture of sample boards and when installing carpet because it is desirable for any shading effects to be homogenous. Depending on the style of the carpet, determining pile direction can be time-consuming and difficult. Two approaches to automating it are developed and tested in order to improve sample board production rates. Significant research has already been performed in the automatic detection of pile lay orientation in carpet and fiber orientation in nonwovens. These methods are insufficient for the present application because they yield the angle of a line parallel to the carpet pile but not the direction along that line in which the pile points. In this work, labeled carpet samples of varying styles are used to train and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN). These samples are also used to test an electromechanical solution. The CNN is shown to provide 100% accuracy when determining pile lay orientation and 93% accuracy when determining pile direction. The electromechanical method for determining pile direction is 65% accurate when used alone and 90% accurate when combined with prior knowledge of the pile lay orientation. These values fall short of the 99% accuracy of an expert operator detecting pile direction but compare favorably to that of a beginner.
Barriers to Providing Extended School Year Services to Students With Disabilities: An Exploratory Study of Special Education Directors
Authors: Barnard-Brak Lucy , Stevens Tara , Valenzuela Evelyn
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the current study was to examine barriers, if any, reported by special education directors to providing extended school year (ESY) services. Results indicate four barriers to providing ESY services listed in order of importance by special education directors: difficulty in finding qualified personnel to work over the summer, determining eligibility for ESY services, compliance of parents, and limited financial resources to provide ESY services. Rural special education directors reported the barrier of difficulty in finding qualified personnel significantly more often than nonrural directors. Rural special education directors also reported significantly more barriers to providing ESY services in general.
Targeting HSP90 dimerization via the C terminus is effective in imatinib-resistant CML and lacks the heat shock response
Authors: Bhatia Sanil , Diedrich Daniela , Frieg Benedikt , Ahlert Heinz , Stein Stefan , Bopp Bertan , Lang Franziska , Zang Tao , Kröger Tobias , Ernst Thomas , Kögler Gesine , Krieg Andreas , Lüdeke Steffen , Kunkel Hana , Rodrigues Moita Ana J. , Kassack Matthias U. , Marquardt Viktoria , Opitz Friederike V. , Oldenburg Marina , Remke Marc , Babor Florian , Grez Manuel , Hochhaus Andreas , Borkhardt Arndt , Groth Georg , Nagel-Steger Luitgard , Jose Joachim , Kurz Thomas , Gohlke Holger , Hansen Finn K. , Hauer Julia
Published: May 2018

Key Points

We have developed a first-in-class C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor (AX) that is effective against TKI-resistant CML and leukemic stem cells. Unlike the majority of HSP90 inhibitors, AX does not induce the HSR as a resistance mechanism.
The DOT1L inhibitor pinometostat reduces H3K79 methylation and has modest clinical activity in adult acute leukemia
Authors: Stein Eytan M. , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Rizzieri David A. , Tibes Raoul , Berdeja Jesus G. , Savona Michael R. , Jongen-Lavrenic Mojca , Altman Jessica K. , Thomson Blythe , Blakemore Stephen J. , Daigle Scott R. , Waters Nigel J. , Suttle A. Benjamin , Clawson Alicia , Pollock Roy , Krivtsov Andrei , Armstrong Scott A. , DiMartino Jorge , Hedrick Eric , Löwenberg Bob , Tallman Martin S.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Pinometostat demonstrates first evidence of DOT1L target inhibition and clinical responses in a subset of MLL-r advanced leukemia patients. The observed safety profile of pinometostat shows potential for exploration of combination therapies in leukemia.
Wide‐pulse, high‐frequency, low‐intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation has potential for targeted strengthening of an intrinsic foot muscle: a feasibility study
Authors: James Darren C. , Solan Matthew C. , Mileva Katya N.
Published: May 2018

Background

Strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles is a poorly understood and largely overlooked area. In this study, we explore the feasibility of strengthening m. abductor hallucis (AH) with a specific paradigm of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; one which is low‐intensity in nature and designed to interleave physiologically‐relevant low frequency stimulation with high‐frequencies to enhance effective current delivery to spinal motoneurones, and enable a proportion of force produced by the target muscle to be generated from a central origin. We use standard neurophysiological measurements to evaluate the acute (~ 30 min) peripheral and central adaptations in healthy individuals.

Methods

The AH in the dominant foot of nine healthy participants was stimulated with 24 × 15 s trains of square wave (1 ms), constant current (150% of motor threshold), alternating (20 Hz–100 Hz) neuromuscular electrical stimulation interspersed with 45 s rest. Prior to the intervention, peripheral variables were evoked from the AH compound muscle action potential (Mwave) and corresponding twitch force in response to supramaximal (130%) medial plantar nerve stimulation. Central variables were evoked from the motor evoked potential (MEP) in response to suprathreshold (150%) transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex corresponding to the AH pathway. Follow‐up testing occurred immediately, and 30 min after the intervention. In addition, the force‐time‐integrals (FTI) from the 1st and 24th WPHF trains were analysed as an index of muscle fatigue. All variables except FTI (T‐test) were entered for statistical analysis using a single factor repeated measures ANOVA with alpha set at 0.05.

Results

FTI was significantly lower at the end of the electrical intervention compared to that evoked by the first train (p < 0.01). Only significant peripheral nervous system adaptations were observed, consistent with the onset of low‐frequency fatigue in the muscle. In most of these variables, the effects persisted for 30 min after the intervention.

Conclusions

An acute session of wide‐pulse, high‐frequency, low‐intensity electrical stimulation delivered directly to abductor hallucis in healthy feet induces muscle fatigue via adaptations at the peripheral level of the neuromuscular system. Our findings would appear to represent the first step in muscle adaptation to training; therefore, there is potential for using WPHF for intrinsic foot muscle strengthening.
All I Really Needed to Know I Learned during Gastrulation
Authors: Gilbert Scott F.
Published: May 2018

Note from the Editor

Points of View (POV) address issues faced by many people within the life science education community. CBE—Life Sciences Education (CBE-LSE) publishes the POV Feature to present two or more opinions published side-by-side on a common topic. We consider POVs to be “Op-Ed” pieces designed to stimulate thought and dialogue on significant educational issues. They are not meant to be exhaustive treatments of a subject. In this issue, we ask the question, “What are key concepts in developmental biology?” We present three POVs. The first is by CBE-LSE Editor-in-Chief, William Wood, and it is in part based on his experience teaching developmental biology to undergraduates at the University of Colorado, Boulder, including his collaborative experiments in the classroom with Jennifer Knight, the first results of which have been published in CBE-LSE ( Knight and Wood, 2005 ). The second, a partially tongue-in-cheek list of key concepts to convey to students about embryonic development, is by Scott Gilbert (Swarthmore College), author of the leading textbook worldwide for teaching developmental biology, Developmental Biology, 8th ed. (Sinauer Associates, Inc.). The third is by Jeff Hardin (University of Wisconsin–Madison), who has produced Web-based educational materials for teaching developmental biology that are used nationally and internationally for conveying dynamic events during early development (see the WWW feature in this issue by Stark for more details), and who deals with the vexing problem of trying to convey the essential four-dimensional nature of embryonic development to introductory students. This list of key principles in animal development was presented as “life lessons” at the Society for Developmental Biology national meeting in 2005, and it has been edited somewhat for inclusion here. For the video presentation, visit http://sdbonline.org/fly/gilbert/gilbert01.htm .
One-step data-domain least-squares reverse time migration
Authors: Liu Qiancheng , Peter Daniel
Published: April 2018

Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) is an iterative inversion algorithm for estimating the broadband-wavenumber reflectivity model. Although it produces superior results compared with conventional reverse time migration (RTM), LSRTM is computationally expensive. We have developed a one-step LSRTM method by considering the demigrated and observed data to design a deblurring preconditioner in the data domain using the Wiener filter. For the Wiener filtering, we further use a stabilized division algorithm via the Taylor expansion. The preconditioned observed data are then remigrated to obtain a deblurred image. The total cost of this method is about two RTMs. Through synthetic and real data experiments, we see that one-step LSRTM is able to enhance image resolution and balance source illumination at low computational costs.
The contributions of cancer cell metabolism to metastasis
Authors: Pascual Gloria , Domínguez Diana , Benitah Salvador Aznar
Published: May 2018

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and our inability to identify the tumour cells that colonize distant sites hampers the development of effective anti-metastatic therapies. However, with recent research advances we are beginning to distinguish metastasis-initiating cells from their non-metastatic counterparts. Importantly, advances in genome sequencing indicate that the acquisition of metastatic competency does not involve the progressive accumulation of driver mutations; moreover, in the early stages of tumorigenesis, cancer cells harbour combinations of driver mutations that endow them with metastatic competency. Novel findings highlight that cells can disseminate to distant sites early during primary tumour growth, remaining dormant and untreatable for long periods before metastasizing. Thus, metastatic cells must require local and systemic influences to generate metastases. This hypothesis suggests that factors derived from our lifestyle, such as our diet, exert a strong influence on tumour progression, and that such factors could be modulated if understood. Here, we summarize the recent findings on how specific metabolic cues modulate the behaviour of metastatic cells and how they influence the genome and epigenome of metastatic cells. We also discuss how crosstalk between metabolism and the epigenome can be harnessed to develop new anti-metastatic therapies.
Subchondral drilling for articular cartilage repair: a systematic review of translational research
Authors: Gao Liang , Goebel Lars K. H. , Orth Patrick , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning
Published: May 2018

Articular cartilage defects may initiate osteoarthritis. Subchondral drilling, a widely applied clinical technique to treat small cartilage defects, does not yield cartilage regeneration. Various translational studies aiming to improve the outcome of drilling have been performed, however, a robust systematic analysis of its translational evidence has been still lacking. Here, we performed a systematic review of the outcome of subchondral drilling for knee cartilage repair in translational animal models. A total of 12 relevant publications studying 198 animals were identified, detailed study characteristics were extracted, and methodological quality and risk of bias were analyzed. Subchondral drilling was superior to defects untreated or treated with abrasion arthroplasty for cartilage repair in multiple translational models. Considerable subchondral bone changes were observed, including subchondral bone cysts and intralesional osteophytes. Furthermore, extensive alterations of the subchondral bone microarchitecture appeared in a temporal pattern in small and large animal models, together with specific topographic aspects of repair. Moreover, variable technical aspects directly affected the outcomes of osteochondral repair. The data from this systematic review indicate that subchondral drilling yields improved short-term structural articular cartilage repair compared with spontaneous repair in multiple small and large animal models. These results have important implications for future investigations aimed at an enhanced translation into clinical settings for the treatment of cartilage defects, highlighting the importance of considering specific aspects of modifiable variables such as improvements in the design and reporting of preclinical studies, together with the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cartilage repair following subchondral drilling.
New Perspectives on the Decline of US Manufacturing Employment
Authors: Fort Teresa C. , Pierce Justin R. , Schott Peter K.
Published: May 2018

We use relatively unexplored dimensions of US microdata to examine how US manufacturing employment has evolved across industries, firms, establishments and regions. These data provide support for both trade- and technology-based explanations of the overall decline of employment over this period, while also highlighting the difficulties of estimating an overall contribution for each mechanism. Toward that end, we discuss how more careful analysis of these trends might yield sharper insights.
Modeling Risk Aversion in Economics
Authors: O'Donoghue Ted , Somerville Jason
Published: May 2018

To capture the risk-aversion intuition, the standard approach in economics has been to utilize the model of expected utility, in which risk aversion derives from diminishing marginal utility for wealth (or diminishing marginal utility for aggregate consumption). The expected utility model for risk aversion has been used to derive many important insights. But over the years, economists and psychologists have identified various problematic issues with expected utility as a descriptive model of choice. In this article, we urge economists to take seriously the research agenda of developing and assessing different ways to model risk aversion. We proceed in three main steps. First, we highlight that the basic intuition of risk aversion that drives many results in economics is not intimately tied to expected utility. Second, we describe a few alternative models that can also capture the basic intuition of risk aversion. Finally, we discuss that, while expected utility and the alternative models might all capture the basic intuition of risk aversion, the alternative models can generate additional, more nuanced implications not shared with expected utility, that in some cases seem to be borne out by data. We emphasize that these alternative models also are not perfect, and further research is needed to identify even better approaches.
All about the base(line)…
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: April 2018

I write this as some are on their Easter break and, true to form, the Department for Education dropped some news that will have an impact on us all. I wonder why they so often do this when many are relaxing?
It is time to get more physical
Authors: Smith Ruth
Published: April 2018

Why is physical development the runt of the litter when compared to the rest of the Prime areas of the foundation stage? We have a duty to make sure it is given equal status and that its importance is known.
Status of teachers requires action
Authors: Lawson Deborah
Published: April 2018

Improving early years graduates' prospects, career progression and reward should be at the top of the list of things government needs to work on following its workforce strategy if crisis is to be averted.
The dimensions of wonder
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: April 2018

The rights and wrongs of taking inspiration from popular culture, whether music, books or films is a hot topic, also discussed elsewhere in this issue. Sometimes, it is where stories can take you that counts.
Research roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: April 2018

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Politics and palliative care: Angola
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: April 2018

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
The best medicine
Authors: Jones-Russell Meredith
Published: April 2018

A vegan nursery in London is turning even picky eaters into lovers of its high-quality meals, reports Meredith Jones-Russell
Essential experiences…: Learning about jobs
Authors: Tassoni Penny
Published: April 2018

Introducing children to the jobs done by ‘people who help us’ will provide many learning benefits and improve their understanding of the world around them, explains Penny Tassoni
Femoral and Dega osteotomies in the treatment of habitual hip dislocation in down syndrome patients - is it efficient or not?
Authors: Aly Ahmad S. , Al-kersh Mohamed A.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this case series study is to report on the intermediate-term outcomes following a femoral varus derotational osteotomy (FVDO) performed in conjunction with a Dega osteotomy (DO) in management of hip ­instability in Down syndrome (DS) patients.

Methods

Ten hips in seven children with DS suffering from hip dislocation were included. All patients included in this study had hip dislocation in the habitual phase and painless mobile hip to full abduction. All patients were firstly subjected to FVDO. An additional DO was added if intraoperative assessment demonstrated posterior instability. The mean age at time of surgery was 5.6 years (3 to 7). There were three male and four female patients. All patients were followed up after two years with a mean follow-up of 3.27 years (2 to 5). All operations were performed by the first author.

Results

There was improvement of neck shaft angles (130° to 175°, median = 160° preoperatively, to 120° to 140°, median =130° postoperatively). The Shenton line was restored in all our cases. There was also improved percentage of the femoral head uncovered by the lateral wall of the acetabulum (25° to 100° with median = 45° preoperatively, to 0° to 15° with median = 5° postoperatively) and improved posterior acetabular coverage, which was assessed by CT.

Conclusion

FVDO combined with DO without ­capsulorrhaphy is efficient in the management of hip instability in DS, as it corrects hip biomechanics and increases posterior acetabular coverage.

Level of Evidence

IV - retrospective case series
Global fashion brands and the construction of ‘Modern Girl’ archetypes in the emerging Chinese market
Authors: Li Eric Ping Hung , Li Fiona , Lam Magnum , Liu Wing-Sun , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2018

The rapid growth of the Chinese economy since the late 1970s has dramatically changed the dynamics of the marketplace. China’s consumer society has been transformed to a more liberal market system in which a variety of diverse market imageries have been created and circulated to consumers. This article examines how global fashion brands construct different ‘modern girl’ archetypes for consumers in the emerging Chinese market. Through conducting a semiotic analysis of printed advertisements published in four major fashion magazines during a four-year period from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2012, we identified six ‘modern girl’ archetypes constructed by global fashion brands. Our findings reveal a dialogical relationship between brand-created imageries and prevailing cultural attitudes. We argue that fashion brands strategically create alternative modern girl archetypes as a way to depict a new era marked by the liberation of Chinese women under the influence of global consumer culture.
Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability analysis of nonlinear integro-differential equation
Authors: Jackreece Prebo
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to develop a qualitative stability analysis of a class of nonlinear integro-differential equation within the framework of Lyapunov-Krasovskii. We show that the existence of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniform asymptotic stability of the nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations.
Two new species of the Gonioctena mauroi species-group from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)
Authors: Cho Hee-Wook
Published: May 2018

The Gonioctena mauroi species-group of the subgenus Brachyphytodecta Bechyně, 1948 is proposed to include four species: G. (B.) mauroi Cho & Borowiec, 2016 (Vietnam), G. (B.) medvedevi Cho & Borowiec, 2016 (Vietnam), G. (B.) kuatunensis sp. nov. (China: Fujian), and G. (B.) longshengensis sp. nov. (China: Guangxi). They are characterized by the presence of setae on the aedeagus, which is unique within the subgenus. A key to the species, habitus photographs, illustrations of diagnostic characters and a distribution map are provided. Ovoviviparity is newly recorded in G. (B.) longshengensis sp. nov.
Effect of Inhibitor Coating of a Ceramic Mould on the Surface Quality of an AM60 Alloy Cast with Cr and V
Authors: Pisarek B.P. , Rapiejko C. , Święcik R. , Pacyniak T.
Published: May 2018

The work presents the results of the investigations of the effect of inhibitors coated on the internal walls of a ceramic mould on the quality of the obtained casts made of the AM60 alloy containing additions of chromium and vanadium. In order to reduce the reactivity of magnesium alloy cast by the technology of investment casting with the material of the mould and the ambient atmosphere, solid inhibitors were applied in the form of a mixture of KBF4 and H3BO3 after the stage of mould baking and before the mould’s being filled with the liquid alloy. For the purpose of examining the effect of the inhibitors on the surface quality of the obtained casts, profilometric tests were performed and the basic parameters describing the surface roughness, Ra, Rz and Rm, were determined.
Shaping the Strength of Cast Rocker Arm for Special Purpose Vehicle
Authors: Żuczek R. , Pysz S. , Maj M. , Piekło J.
Published: May 2018

The article discusses the weldment to casting conversion process of rocker arm designed for operation in a special purpose vehicle to obtain a consistency of objective functions, which assume the reduced weight of component, the reduced maximum effort of material under the impact of service loads achieved through topology modification for optimum strength distribution in the sensitive areas, and the development of rocker arm manufacturing technology. As a result of conducted studies, the unit weight of the item was reduced by 25%, and the stress limit values were reduced to a level guaranteeing safe application.
Polaroid Operators with Svep and Perturbations of Property (Gaw)
Authors: Rashid M.H.M.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we establish for a bounded linear operator defined on a Banach space several sufficient and necessary conditions for which property (gaw) holds. In this work, we consider commutative perturbations by algebraic operator and quasinilpotent operator for T ∈ B(X ) such that T * satisfies property (gaw). We prove that if A is an algebraic and T ∈ PS(X ) is such that AT = TA, then ƒ(T * + A*) satisfies property (gaw) for every ƒ ∈ Hc(σ(T + A)). Moreover, we show that if Q is a quasi-nilpotent operator and T ∈ PS(X ) is such that TQ = QT, then ƒ(T * + Q*) satisfies the property (gaw) for every ƒ ∈ Hc(σ(T +Q)). At the end of this paper, we apply the obtained results to a number of subclasses of PS(X ).
Method for Reserves Determination of Static and Dynamic List of Bulk Carriers, Applied to the Dynamic Under Keel Clearance System in the Port of Swinoujscie
Authors: Drwięga Kinga , Gucma Lucjan , Gralak Rafał
Published: May 2018

The paper presents the methodology for determining the components which are related to heel of bulk carrier with one component excluded — the heel of vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the system, which is dedicated to use in determination of UKC of vessels at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie. The method includes determination of heel caused by: draught reading errors, wind, current, tugboats and heel related to vessel maneuvers. To determine heel related to vessel maneuver 2-stage method was carried out. The first stage simulation was used to identify the parameters of ship movement. At the second stage, the maximum heel of Bulk Carrier were calculated by using analytical methods. Presented method was implemented to the item rating under keel clearance at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie
Assessment of Possibilities to Use Thermal Imaging Cameras for Air Traffic Control
Authors: Zalewski Jacek , Milewski Stanisław , Zabłotny Michał
Published: May 2018

The character of missions and conditions in which they are carried out by military un-manned aerial vehicles are usually special and difficult. This causes a necessity to provide support for their missions, especially with regard to checking their condition on the controlled or autonomic flight path, especially during landing and take-off operations.

This paper offers an account of an experiment and an attempt of assessing usefulness of thermal imaging cameras for controlling flights of aerial vehicles, mainly in areas of air-dromes and approach paths.
Implementation of Anti-Collision System on M/F ‘Wawel’
Authors: Wołejsza Piotr , Koszelew Jolanta
Published: May 2018

The known navigational systems in use and methods of navigational decision support perform information functions and as such are helpful in the process of safe conduct of a vessel. However, none of these known systems provides a navigator with ready solutions of collision situations taking account of all the vessels in the proximity of own ship, where the Collision Regulations apply. This paper presents verification results of NAVDEC — new Navigational Decision Supporting System created by research team from Szczecin Maritime University both for ocean going ships and pleasure crafts. Verification was carried out in real condition on board Motor Ferry ‘Wawel’ (m/f ‘Wawel’), which belongs to shipowner Polferries (PŻB). During the journey to/from Nynashamn system was tested from customer perspective. Few suggestions for improvements were issued, which were discussed in this article.