bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the 44-question Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool and personal characteristics associated with home hazards among the Thai elderly
Authors: Wittayapun Yuwadee , Nawarat Jiraphat , Lapmanee Sarawut , Mackenzie Lynette , Lektip Charupa
Published: January 2023

Background: The 44-question Thai Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool (Thai-HFHAT) was developed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying the risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly from their home environment. However, the reliability of this tool has not been studied. This study aimed to examine reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT and determine the person characteristics associated with home hazards.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used for this research. The participants in this study were 51 elderly people from various types of Thai houses: a one-story elevated house, a one-story non-elevated house, and a house with two or more floors, 51 caregivers of elderly patients and 5 village health volunteers (VHV). All participants answered 44 Thai-HFHAT questions to determine inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. The reliabilities were analyzed using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Personal characteristics including sex, occupation, and education were used to identify the factors affecting home hazard and linear regression was used to analyze.

Results: The ICC of inter-rater reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) and the test-retest reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.88) for the elderly, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.89) for the caregivers and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.477-0.83) for the VHV. Personal business career and education level grade 1-3 are less than 0.05, which showed these factors had a significant relationship with the 44-question Thai-HFHAT score as dependent variable.

Conclusions: The 44-question Thai-HFHAT is suitable for the home hazards assessment among the elderly in Thailand. Further studies are needed to investigate changes in the house environment after using the 44-question Thai-HFHAT to determine which changes can reduce the risk of fall.
KSEMAW: an open source software for the analysis of spectrophotometric, ellipsometric and photothermal deflection spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Montecchi Marco , Mittiga Alberto , Malerba Claudia , Menchini Francesca
Published: January 2023

The optical behavior of devices based on thin films is determined by complex refractive index and thickness of each slab composing the stack; these important parameters are usually evaluated from photometric and/or ellipsometric spectral measurements, given a model of the stack, by means of dedicated software. In the case of complex multilayer devices, generally a number of simpler specimens (like single-film on substrate) must be preliminarily characterized. This paper introduces the reader to a new open source software for thin film characterization finally released after about 30 years of development. The software has already been used in various fields of physics, such as thin film optical filters, architectural glazing, detectors for high energy physics, solar energy, and, last but not least, photovoltaic devices. Code source files, MS Windows executable, user manual as well as a sample of working directories populated with assorted files can be freely downloaded from the kSEMAW GitHub repository.
RUSSIAN PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Sakhnyuk Tatyana I. , Korshikova Marina V. , Sakhnyuk Pavel A.
Published: January 2023

In the modern world, it is important for project management to use software products, without which it is difficult to carry out planning and calculations.

This article reviewed Russian project management systems, namely ELMA, Bitrix24, ADVANTA, YouGile

We have reviewed an overview analysis of Russian software, which is excellent for maintaining and implementing project activities. The given advantages of the service and the problems of the work of Russian software products in the field of project management. The proposed software products are most suitable for the implementation of unique projects that are relevant today. The project management systems we have considered will help us use new knowledge in the field of effective project management.

Purpose: acquaintance with Russian software products for project management; provide recommendations on the most effective project management systems.

Method or methodology of the work: the article used empirical research methods.

Results: the best software products for project management were selected.

Scope of the results: these recommendations can be used in the project activities of various organizations, for more successful activities in project management.
DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN CHANGE MANAGEMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Kenina Diana S. , Levushkina Svetlana V. , Svystunova Inna G.
Published: January 2023

Dynamism and aggressive environmental factors leave no chance for organizations of all types of activities, except to follow modern trends and react flexibly by restructuring their activities and the activities of teams.

Today, managers have a large set of tools and ready-made solutions for implementing changes, but we believe that a list of indicators is needed by which the sequences and methods of transformations will be determined.

Undoubtedly, the institutional framework for making changes in organizations is important, the work contains a list of global organizations that provide both information and consulting and educational support.

The process of reactions and adaptation to changes is quite complicated, as it encounters various obstacles in its path, and the decision-making procedure in such conditions is not simple either.

The article decomposes the process of possible changes, taking into account risk factors and uncertainty, which allows identifying possible barriers and selecting appropriate methods of development and decision-making.

The gamification method is considered as one of the relevant tools for preparing for changes, thanks to which it is possible to simulate new conditions and work out possible staff mistakes, in addition to reveal and develop the creative abilities of employees.

Purpose the study of the features of the development and adoption of managerial decisions in change management.

Methodology the article mainly used the method of theoretical analysis of the available scientific and theoretical base in the field of change management.

Results: the most informative criteria, the need for changes in organizations and the algorithm of development and decision-making in the conditions of transformation of the organization are obtained.

Practical implications it is advisable to apply the obtained results to both management theorists and practitioners in order to improve work in the field of change management.
Depresión, muerte y negatividad: algunas reflexiones desde Baruch Spinoza y Byung-Chul Han.
Authors: Di Natale Nicolás , Ricci Cernadas Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

El trabajo se estructurará en tres tiempos, a la par de que cada tema será estudiado desdobladamente según Spinoza y Han. De esta manera, procederemos a analizar, primeramente, el tópico de la depresión en el holandés y el surcoreano, para luego, en un segundo tiempo, pesquisar el concepto de la muerte en estos dos autores y, finalmente, bosquejar en los mismos dos filósofos la productividad política que la negatividad podría comportar.
Desarrollos Tecnológicos para los Fundamentos de la Mecánica Cuántica en el siglo XXI.
Authors: Berjón de Gortari Javier
Published: January 2023

El surgimiento de algunas teorías alternativas a la mecánica cuántica estándar, así como las diferentes propuestas para resolver el problema de la “gravedad cuántica”, han dado lugar al desarrollo de tecnología que sirva para someter a prueba experimental sus predicciones novedosas. En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre dichas tecnologías y las teorías correspondientes: GRW y la gravedad semiclásica. La conclusión es que la relación entre éstas no es lineal ni tampoco unidireccional, sino multidimensional y ciertamente bidireccional.
Dilemas éticos de los vehículos autónomos: Responsabilidad ética, análisis de riesgo y toma de decisiones.
Authors: Bustamante Donas Javier
Published: January 2023

Este artículo plantea un análisis de los dilemas éticos creados en torno a los sistemas autónomos inteligentes, y más particularmente en torno a los vehículos autónomos. Se estudia el estado de la cuestión desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar. Se señalan los desafíos para la seguridad de los sistemas autónomos, así como las vulnerabilidades que afectan a la resistencia de los sistemas autónomos con respecto a ataques externos. Para tal fin se compara la habilitación para el manejo de vehículos con la certificación de sistemas autónomos. Se aplican dichos conceptos al estudio del caso del primer accidente mortal causado por un vehículo autónomo en relación con la asignación de responsabilidad ética y legal. Por último, se apunta a la tarea pendiente del análisis de la relación entre la ética de los vehículos autónomos y la teoría de juegos.
La fotografía como puesta en escena de los cafés de un barrio popular de París
Authors: Conord Sylvaine
Published: January 2023

El siguiente artículo trata de una investigación sociológica y fotográfica de varios cafés situados en un barrio popular de Paris: Belleville. Muchos de ellos de origen antiguo, y en los que se desarrolla una importante función social. Un aspecto esencial será analizar la escenografía o las “puestas en escena” de sus diferentes actores ante el objetivo de la cámara fotográfica. Destacará los patrones y los consumidores habituales o esporádicos, ya sean franceses o extranjeros. La fotografía nos permite ver y memorizar esos comportamientos colectivos o individuales, inducidos por ella. ¿Qué es una «buena foto» para la sociología? El texto trata de responder a esa pregunta: la foto es la matriz de una relación social sin la cual no existiría
Régimen de Seguridad Social aplicable a los desplazamientos fuera de la Unión y a los trabajadores extracomunitarios.
Authors: López Gandía Juan
Published: January 2023

Los Reglamentos comunitarios de coordinación –al fundarse en el derecho a la conservación de derechos de Seguridad Social en curso de adquisición en otro Estado– llevan la Seguridad Social más allá de la estrecha territorialidad de los regímenes nacionales. La aplicación extraterritorial de las disposiciones comunitarias en materia de seguridad social radica en la posibilidad que ofrece el Reglamento 883/2004 de totalización de periodos de seguro fuera del territorio comunitario. Por otra parte, los nacionales de terceros Estados, desplazados en el ámbito de la Unión Europea se benefician del sistema de coordinación comunitario por mor del Reglamento 1231/2010. Además, los convenios bilaterales y multilaterales han sido la vía tradicionalmente utilizada para solventar los déficits de protección de Seguridad Social resultantes de la movilidad trasnacional de trabajadores en el ámbito extracomunitario a o desde España y se aplicarán siempre que constituya una norma más beneficiosa que las normas comunitarias.
'FRAGMENTED AND BEWILDERING:' THE NEW RISK SOCIETY IN JENNY OFFILL'S WEATHER.
Authors: Peinado Abarrio Rubén
Published: January 2023

US author Jenny Offill’s Weather (2020) shows her idiosyncratic take on the notion of risk society. In the novel and its accompanying website, Offill develops a type of anxious fragmentation as an answer to the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A multiple text characterized by compulsive quotation and the formal influence of digital media, Weather is held together by a first-person confessional voice. Eventually, Offill manages to achieve a sense of interconnection through an aesthetics of the fragment thanks to a double movement: she favors a critical posthumanist perspective that understands the interrelational subject as constituted by interaction with multiple others, and she explicitly calls for collective action. Therefore, I conclude that Weather represents Offill’s both aesthetic and political quest, as she distinctly aspires to elicit an answer from readers in the form of social activism.
DECOLONIAL HOPE AGAINST THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S CLAIRE OF THE SEA LIGHT (2013).
Authors: Fernández Jiménez Mónica
Published: January 2023

This article explores Edwidge Danticat’s last novel, Claire of the Sea Light (2013), as a response to Modern/colonial ideologies of progress that continue to emanate from predictions of a Fourth Industrial Revolution. After an analysis of the work of Danticat as literature of the American hemisphere instead of merely Haitian or Caribbean literature, this article contends that the text’s portrayal of nature, the environment, and the past aligns with visions of decolonial hope rather than with the linear progress of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Through the stories of a small community in Haiti, Claire of the Sea Light portrays the degradation of the environment that ravishes the country and does so in relation to the external forces that affect it, presenting a coloniality of climate associated to racial dynamics of the American hemisphere. The blending of human narratives and environmental ones in the novel nevertheless offers possibilities for resistance and a hopeful vision of the country rooted in decolonial ecologies and Caribbean epistemology. Granting equal importance to the stories of non-human actors in the narrative, the novel positions itself outside the Modern/colonial tradition to embrace a decolonial poetics that offers hope in a world which has proved to continually reproduce its own coloniality as new technology is developed.
MY YEAR OF REST AND RELAXATION IN A WORLD WITH NO REST NOR RELAXATION. NARRATIVE PROSTHESIS AND HYPERREALITY IN OTTESSA MOSHFEGH’S NOVEL.
Authors: González Moreno Esperanza
Published: January 2023

The representation of a form of disability in literature can be used not only as a way of distinguishing the character and setting the narration in motion but as a metaphor of social and individual collapse. Following this idea, I will focus on Ottessa Moshfegh’s My Year of Rest and Relaxation, a 2018 novel that narrates the experiences of a privileged woman in a context of growing aestheticism and its consequent loss of political meaning in the American society of the 90s. In it, I argue, the depression that she suffers from can be observed to work as the engine of the narration and the result of the emptiness derived from the current society of spectacle. I use David T. Mitchell’s and Sharon L. Snyder’s Narrative Prosthesis to delve into the role that the depression the main character suffers from plays in the novel and how she follows the pattern traditionally found in disability narratives. I also use Jean Baudrillard’s analysis of the current state of simulacra to explain her disabled experience.
Mujer sana ‘in corpore no futbolístico’. Fútbol y feminidad en la capital argentina en los años ‘20.
Authors: Scharagrodsky Pablo
Published: January 2023

El siguiente trabajo indaga a partir de los aportes de la historia social y cultural y los estudios de género la forma y los modos en que la prensa general y especializada describió y, al mismo tiempo, fabricó e interpretó, el primer partido de fútbol femenino mercantilizado y abierto al público que se tenga registro realizado en la capital argentina. El trabajo focaliza la atención en los modos y las formas en que la prensa a partir de argumentos bio-médicos, científicos, morales y comerciales cuestionó, se burló y rechazó el fútbol femenino, así como las ambivalencias argumentales, los matices y las pequeñas resistencias producidas a partir de este evento inédito y particular.
Francisco de Paula Canalejas y la prensa del siglo XIX: Iniciativas e incidencia pública.
Authors: Peiro Alba José Miguel
Published: January 2023

La relación de Francisco de Paula Canalejas y Casas con la prensa fue una constante a lo largo de su vida. Debido a la educación familiar y a su formación intelectual, la prensa de la época fue un medio preferencial no sólo para transmitir sus conocimientos sino también para incidir en la opinión pública buscando el desarrollo de la sociedad española de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Sus artículos y las revistas que él fundó (o en las que colaboró) están repletas de ideas filosóficas, religiosas, literarias y políticas que contienen algunas claves para entender qué fue el krausismo para su generación y las generaciones futuras. PALABRAS CLAVE Canalejas, krausismo, liberalismo, prensa, democracia.
La depuración político social del propietario de Radio Castilla, emisora oficial de los franquistas.
Authors: Chomón Serna José María
Published: January 2023

Radio Castilla de Burgos se convirtió en julio de 1936 en la emisora oficial de los sublevados franquistas. Sus micrófonos sirvieron, hasta el nacimiento de Radio Nacional de España (RNE), de instrumento para la difusión nacional e internacional de su propaganda. Sus dos propietarios, Manuel Mata Villanueva y Fidel Martínez Saiz colaboraron con el régimen franquista. Sin embargo, supone un hecho inédito hasta ahora que Fidel Martínez fuera sometido a un proceso de depuración político social por sindicalista e izquierdista. Estuvo detenido y fue condenado a inhabilitación como funcionario de Correos. Esta nueva información pone en entredicho que la colaboración con los sublevados fuese producto de una coincidencia ideológica.
As robinsonadas utópicas em Portugal e na Polónia. A Cidade do Sol (1926), de José Manuel Sarmento de Beires, e As Aventuras de Mikołaj Doświadczyński (Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki, 1776), do bispo Ignacy Krasicki, ou uma utopia pós-camoniana no m
Authors: Kalewska Anna
Published: January 2023

O artigo apresenta as seguintes utopias romanescas: os tópicos da Ilha dos Amores, no poema épico de Luís Vaz de Camões, da ilha de Nipu d’As Aventuras de Mikołaj Doświadczyński, do bispo Ignacy Krasicki, e d’A Cidade do Sol, imaginada por José Manuel Sarmento de Beires. Trata-se de literatura de viagens ou robinsonadas utópicas enquadradas tanto no processo de globalização mundial, como na história do género romanesco, incipiente na Polónia (1776) e desenvolvido em Portugal (1926). Sendo bastante trabalhado o termo e o conceito de utopia a partir do episódio bucólico supra d'´Os Lusíadas (1572), propomos considerar as duas robinsonadas utópicas em questão como transformações tardias do padrão e da funcionalidade do locus amoenus, com possível conotação social (na Polónia) e política (em Portugal), ainda que a historicidade seja latente nas respetivas camadas discursivas romanescas. É muito interessante perceber também até que ponto a construção utópica romanesca capta o estado de espírito de um povo num momento de triunfo e também de depressão nacional generalizada de heróis, viajantes, colonizadores, padres, aviadores et al. – numa palavra, dos robinsons antigos e contemporâneos.
"Desatar a + infinitivo" no Português Europeu
Authors: Barroso Henrique
Published: January 2023

 é uma construção que focaliza o ‘início’ da situação denotada pelo predicado cujo núcleo é a forma verbal de infinitivo. O “inceptivo”, que é o seu significado, não lhe é, contudo, exclusivo. Começar a, pôr-se a, romper a, largar a + infinitivo são só alguns exemplos de outras construções que também o partilham. Por conseguinte, e para se poder aquilatar as suas especificidades – o objetivo desta investigação –, convocarei argumentos vários, tanto de natureza estrutural quanto sintático-semântica, e tudo sempre com base num corpus constituído por material linguístico autêntico, recolhido na imprensa escrita e em textos literários dos finais do séc. xx e inícios do séc. xxi.
A presença da língua portuguesa na região senegalense da Casamansa – uma herança cultural em vias de extinção ou em revitalização?
Authors: Svobodová Petra
Published: January 2023

O texto, de índole socio-histórica, explica como se formou o caráter duplo luso- -francês na região da Casamansa, no sul do Senegal, sublinhando o papel da língua portuguesa na sua formação. Esboça a história do território e mostra como ela determinou a especificidade étnica e cultural da região, onde, na segunda metade do século XX, veio a germinar um sentimento de separatismo. Dedica-se também ao papel da língua portuguesa através dos séculos e ao aparecimento de um seu crioulo, tentando mostrar como ambos serviram de instrumento de comunicação durante toda a história e como o seu papel mudou com a independência do estado senegalense. Comentando a posição atual de português e desse seu crioulo, o texto pretende mostrar que fatores têm contribuído para o declínio do uso do crioulo e têm, por outro lado, favorecido a revitalização da presença do próprio português.
Reducing the Multi-Sensor Smoke Detectors Susceptibility to False Triggering
Authors: Kalina Szafarczyk
Published: January 2023

Cel: An assessment of the possibility of reducing the susceptibility of fire detectors to false alarms was carried out by: 1) analysing the impact of changing the operating modes of a multi-sensor detector on minimizing false alarms, and 2) verifying, using ANOVA tests, two hypotheses: either the settings or the sensitivity of the sensor affect the susceptibility of the detectors to false alarms. Projekt i metody: In order to assess the impact of false alarms on the operation of facilities equipped with a Fire Alarm System, a survey was conducted, directed at their administrators. A study of the fire detectors susceptibility to false alarms included placing the DTC-6046 multi-sensor detector in a closed test chamber and initiating the detector’s triggering by a deceptive agent. It was then observed whether the detector would initiate a fire alarm depending on different operating mode settings. The operation of the sensors was changed to interdependent, independent or coincidence work. Sensitivity settings of the sensors were changed from normal to increased by 20%, decreased by 20% or by 40%. An analysis using ANOVA test was conducted to verify which settings have a significant impact on minimising false alarms. Based on the results, example configuration guidelines were developed. Wyniki: Based on the study, the following main results were formulated. The configuration least prone to false triggering is the one in which the sensors operate interdependently and the sensitivity is reduced by 40%. The highest number of false alarms was observed when sensitivity was increased by 20% with independent sensors and in coincidence, as well as for independent sensors working at normal sensitivity. Performing verification using ANOVA analysis of variance, the hypothesis that sensor settings have a statistically significant effect on minimising false alarms was rejected. Wnioski: There is a need to search for and implement ways to minimise false alarms of Fire Alarm Systems. The most common reason for false triggering of fire detectors are external factors that are not fire hazards (e.g. dust, dirt). The way of minimising false alarms is a proper setting of the detector operating modes (not often used in practice). The operating modes are based on changing the settings of sensor cooperation and detector sensitivity, where changing only the settings of the sensors does not result in such significant changes as changing the sensitivity of the detectors to increased or decreased compared to normal (result of ANOVA analysis). Słowa kluczowe: fire detector, false alarms, detector operating modes, reduction of false triggering of fire detectors
A Feasible Method for Solving an SDP Relaxation of the Quadratic Knapsack Problem
Authors: Tang Tianyun , Toh Kim-Chuan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the quadratic knapsack problem. After applying low-rank factorization, we get a nonconvex problem, whose feasible region is an algebraic variety with certain good geometric properties, which we analyze. We derive a rank condition under which these two formulations are equivalent. This rank condition is much weaker than the classical rank condition if the coefficient matrix has certain special structures. We also prove that, under an appropriate rank condition, the nonconvex problem has no spurious local minima without assuming linearly independent constraint qualification. We design a feasible method that can escape from nonoptimal nonregular points. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the high efficiency and robustness of our algorithm as compared with other solvers. In particular, our algorithm is able to solve a one-million-dimensional sparse SDP problem accurately in about 20 minutes on a modest computer.

Funding: The research of K.-C. Toh is supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 3 grant call [Grant MOE-2019-T3-1-010].
High-throughput line-illumination Raman microscopy with multislit detection
Authors: Mochizuki Kentaro , Kumamoto Yasuaki , Maeda Shunsuke , Tanuma Masato , Kasai Atsushi , Takemura Masashi , Harada Yoshinori , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Tanaka Hideo , Smith Nicholas Isaac , Fujita Katsumasa
Published: January 2023

Raman microscopy is an emerging tool for molecular imaging and analysis of living samples. Use of Raman microscopy in life sciences is, however, still limited because of its slow measurement speed for spectral imaging and analysis. We developed a multiline-illumination Raman microscope to achieve ultrafast Raman spectral imaging. A spectrophotometer equipped with a periodic array of confocal slits detects Raman spectra from a sample irradiated by multiple line illuminations. A comb-like Raman hyperspectral image is formed on a two-dimensional detector in the spectrophotometer, and a hyperspectral Raman image is acquired by scanning the sample with multiline illumination array. By irradiating a sample with 21 simultaneous illumination lines, we achieved high-throughput Raman hyperspectral imaging of mouse brain tissue, acquiring 1108800 spectra in 11.4 min. We also measured mouse kidney and liver tissue as well as conducted label-free live-cell molecular imaging. The ultrafast Raman hyperspectral imaging enabled by the presented technique will expand the possible applications of Raman microscopy in biological and medical fields.
Rotational dynamics of indirect optical bound particle assembly under a single tightly focused laser
Authors: Tao Yukihiro , Yokoyama Tomohiro , Ishihara Hajime
Published: January 2023

The optical binding of many particles has the potential to achieve the wide-area formation of a “crystal” of small materials. Unlike conventional optical binding, where the entire assembly of targeted particles is directly irradiated with light, if remote particles can be indirectly manipulated using a single trapped particle through optical binding, the degrees of freedom to create ordered structures can be enhanced. In this study, we theoretically investigate the dynamics of the assembly of gold nanoparticles that are manipulated using a single trapped particle by a focused laser. We demonstrate the rotational motion of particles through an indirect optical force and analyze it in terms of spin–orbit coupling and the angular momentum generation of light. The rotational direction of bound particles can be switched by the numerical aperture. These results pave the way for creating and manipulating ordered structures with a wide area and controlling local properties using scanning laser beams.
Multifunctional water-based metamaterial with polarization conversion and absorption
Authors: Li Shangru , Yang Helin , Yang Yuejie , Li Yujun , Huang Xiaojun , Zhang Aidong , Jin Jing
Published: January 2023

A multifunctional metamaterial to realize broadband x-to-y cross-polarization conversion (CPC) and the absorption of electromagnetic waves is proposed in this paper. The presented multifunctional water-based metamaterial (MWM) consists of the top metallic dielectric substrate, the middle 3D printed container, and the bottom metal backplane. When the container is filled with water, the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) reaches more than 90% at 5.8-9.4 GHz, and the excellent absorption performance is achieved in the frequency band of 16.1-16.9 GHz. In addition, the CPC is achieved in two frequency bands (5.9-10.0 GHz and 14.3-16.4 GHz) without water injection. The unique properties of the proposed design are validated by experiments. As expected, the MWM simultaneously achieves polarization conversion and absorption functions, which is meaningful and consequential for multifunction and conformal stealth applications.
Control of the bipolarization emission of an Yb:YAG laser by the orientation of the pump polarization
Authors: Akagla Herman , Chapron Nicolas , Loas Goulc’hen , Vallet Marc , Brunel Marc
Published: January 2023

We show that the polarized pumping can be used to control the relative powers of two linear, orthogonally polarized, eigenstates in a Yb:YAG laser. The experimental observations are in full agreement with a two-mode rate-equation model, highlighting the roles of both the gain anisotropy and the cross-saturation parameters, whose values are found to be

ε
=
0.08

and β = 0.64, respectively, in a longitudinally pumped continuous-wave microchip laser. The application to dual-polarization frequency combs is discussed.
Large circular dichroism in the emission from an incandescent metasurface
Authors: Nguyen Anne , Hugonin Jean-Paul , Coutrot Anne-Lise , Garcia-Caurel Enrique , Vest Benjamin , Greffet Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2023

Compact sources in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) are needed for applications ranging from spectroscopy to free-space communication. Ultrathin incandescent metasurfaces are promising candidates, offering the possibility to tune the emission spectrum, directivity, and modulation speed. However, control over polarization remains a challenge, especially when it comes to the emission of circularly polarized light. Here, we report the emission of polarized MWIR radiation from a 700 nm thick incandescent chiral metasurface. The degree of polarization is above 0.5 with degree of circular polarization of 0.38 at 5 µm. The metasurface is heated by the Joule effect, and the emission can be modulated beyond 10 MHz. This could enable detection techniques that use polarization as an additional degree of freedom.
Safeguarding patients from technology-facilitated abuse in clinical settings: A narrative review
Authors: Straw Isabel , Tanczer Leonie
Published: January 2023

Safeguarding vulnerable patients is a key responsibility of healthcare professionals. Yet, existing clinical and patient management protocols are outdated as they do not address the emerging threats of technology-facilitated abuse. The latter describes the misuse of digital systems such as smartphones or other Internet-connected devices to monitor, control and intimidate individuals. The lack of attention given to how technology-facilitated abuse may affect patients in their lives, can result in clinicians failing to protect vulnerable patients and may affect their care in several unexpected ways. We attempt to address this gap by evaluating the literature that is available to healthcare practitioners working with patients impacted by digitally enabled forms of harm. A literature search was carried out between September 2021 and January 2022, in which three academic databases were probed using strings of relevant search terms, returning a total of 59 articles for full text review. The articles were appraised according to three criteria: (a) the focus on technology-facilitated abuse; (b) the relevance to clinical settings; and (c) the role of healthcare practitioners in safeguarding. Of the 59 articles, 17 articles met at least one criterion and only one article met all three criteria. We drew additional information from the grey literature to identify areas for improvement in medical settings and at-risk patient groups. Technology-facilitated abuse concerns healthcare professionals from the point of consultation to the point of discharge, as a result clinicians need to be equipped with the tools to identify and address these harms at any stage of the patient’s journey. In this article, we offer recommendations for further research within different medical subspecialities and highlight areas requiring policy development in clinical environments.
Political economy analysis of sub-national health sector planning and budgeting: A case study of three counties in Kenya
Authors: Tsofa Benjamin , Waweru Evelyn , Munywoki Joshua , Soe Khaing , Rodriguez Daniela C. , Koon Adam D.
Published: January 2023

Devolution represented a concerted attempt to bring decision making closer to service delivery in Kenya, including within the health sector. This transformation created county governments with independent executive (responsible for implementing) and legislative (responsible for agenda-setting) arms. These new arrangements have undergone several growing pains that complicate management practices, such as planning and budgeting. Relatively little is known, however, about how these functions have evolved and varied sub-nationally. We conducted a problem-driven political economy analysis to better understand how these planning and budgeting processes are structured, enacted, and subject to change, in three counties. Key informant interviews (n = 32) were conducted with purposively selected participants in Garissa, Kisumu, and Turkana Counties; and national level in 2021, with participants drawn from a wide range of stakeholders involved in health sector planning and budgeting. We found that while devolution has greatly expanded participation in sub-national health management, it has also complicated and politicized decision-making. In this way, county governments now have the authority to allocate resources based on the preferences of their constituents, but at the expense of efficiency. Moreover, budgets are often not aligned with priority-setting processes and are frequently undermined by disbursements delays from national treasury, inconsistent supply chains, and administrative capacity constraints. In conclusion, while devolution has greatly transformed sub-national health management in Kenya with longer-term potential for greater accountability and health equity, short-to-medium term challenges persist in developing efficient systems for engaging a diverse array of stakeholders in planning and budgeting processes. Redressing management capacity challenges between and within counties is essential to ensure that the Kenya health system is responsive to local communities and aligned with the progressive aspirations of its universal health coverage movement.
Methods to appraise available evidence and adequacy of data from a systematic literature review to conduct a robust network meta-analysis of treatment options for patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Puzniak Laura , Dillon Ryan , Lodise Thomas
Published: January 2023

We aimed to determine if available evidence from a previously conducted systematic literature review was sufficient to conduct a robust network meta-analysis (NMA) using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Good Practice Task Force NMA study questionnaire to evaluate suitability, relevance, and credibility of available randomized-controlled trials (RCT) of antibacterial therapies for treatment of patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP). We assessed feasibility and reliability of an NMA for a connected network of RCTs, and then relevance and credibility of the connected network for informing decision-making. This previously conducted systematic literature review using Cochrane dual-reviewer methodology, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and PICOTS (population, interventions, comparators, outcomes, timing, and setting) criteria identified 25 citations between 2001 and 2018; 18 were unique RCTs. Trial design characteristics, outcome definitions, assessment time points, and analyses populations varied across studies. Using “clinical response,” an efficacy end point to health technology assessment agencies, we assessed potential network credibility, which collapsed from the overall data set to four studies and five interventions. This did not include closed loop(s) needed to assess consistency. Of the studies reporting clinical response, >70% of patients were ventilated at baseline with mean Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores from 14.7 to 17.5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (range, 18.4–64.1%) and Klebsiella spp. (range, 1.6–49%) were the most common causative pathogens. We identified relevant RCTs for most standard-of-care agents approved for HABP/VABP, which provided a comprehensive evidence base. In summary, our appraisal of available evidence for the clinical response outcome among adult patients with HABP/VABP does not support the conduct of a scientifically robust and clinically meaningful NMA. Although this data is vital to registration, there are significant limitations in these trials for health technology assessments, payor decisions, guidelines, and protocol decisions.
Exploring spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Amare Tsegaw
Published: January 2023

Background

To eliminate measles, which is a devastating contagious disease, Ethiopia introduced the measles-containing second dose vaccine (MCV2) that will be given in the second year of life. Despite its paramount benefit, the coverage was low worldwide and, in Ethiopia, there is scarce evidence on the geographic variations and factors associated with uptake of MCV2.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia.

Methods

We used the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 800 children aged 24 to 35 months was used. Multilevel analysis was employed and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Factors with a p-value<0.05 in the multivariable analysis were declared to be significant predictors of MCV2 uptake. To explore the spatial variations of MCV2 uptake, we have conducted spatial analysis using both Arc GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 software.

Results

The proportion of MCV2 uptake was 9.84% (95% CI: 7.96%, 12.11%). Children whose mothers were aged 20–34 years (AOR = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.69) and 35–49 years (AOR = 0.21; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.90), being the 4th-5th child (AOR = 4.02; 95%CI: 1.45, 11.14) and 6th and above child (AOR = 4.12; 95%CI: 1.42, 13.05) and children who did not receive full childhood vaccinations (AOR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.77) were significantly associated with MCV2 uptake. Besides, MCV2 uptake was clustered in Ethiopia (Global Moran’s I = 0.074, p-value <0.01). The primary cluster spatial window was detected in the Benishangul-Gumuz region with LLR = 10.05 and p = 0.011.

Conclusion

The uptake of MCV2 in Ethiopia was low. Maternal age, birth order, and uptake of the other basic vaccines were associated with MCV2 uptake. Besides, MCV2 uptake was clustered in Ethiopia and the primary cluster spatial window was located in the Benishangul-Gumuz region. Therefore, special concern should be given to regions with lower MCV2 uptake such as the Benishangul-Gumuz region. Besides, it is better to give attention to basic vaccination programs.
O Papel dos Escravos e dos Libertos na Divulgação da Cultura Grega em Roma
Authors: Marques Eulália
Published: January 2023

Tirânio, aquando da conquista de Amiso por parte de Roma em 71 a.C., foi feito escravo em condições pouco comuns por Licínio Lúculo, mas, pouco depois, foi libertado por Lúcio Murena. Em Roma, privou com figuras ilustres como Cícero, Apeliconte, César, tendo sido chamado a organizar a biblioteca dos dois primeiros. Este estudo percorre a vida de Tirânio, começando pela fase anterior a Roma, passando pela sua atividade nesta cidade como gramático, professor e bibliotecário, incluindo as obras que deixou, e ainda a influência sobre os seus discípulos. A reflexão enquadra-se numa perspetiva mais geral sobre o contributo dos intelectuais gregos para a progressiva influência da cultura grega em Roma.
“Apanhar um Alfinete por Amor Pode Salvar Uma Alma”
Authors: Virgínia Ribeiro Barbosa Tereza
Published: January 2023

Este depoimento se faz como forma de prestar homenagem a helenista portuguesa Maria Helena da Rocha Pereira. Trata-se de um relato livre, a modo de testemunho, sobre o método de orientação da professora Rocha Pereira (* Cedofeita, Porto, 3 de setembro de 1925 † Porto, 10 de abril de 2017), a primeira mulher a se formar Doutora pela Universidade de Coimbra, cujo corpo docente era tradicionalmente formado por homens. A partir da reflexão e de análises retrospectivas de centenas de cartas trocadas, propomos que seu método para conosco poderia se resumir na seguinte frase: “ramasser une épingle par amour peut sauver une âme”. A busca da perfeição no cumprimento da tarefa de guiar os estudantes, desde os detalhes, foi uma prática da Professora Rocha Pereira. Seu método se aplicou sobre a autora deste texto, nas etapas de mestrado, doutorado e, até mesmo, em 2006, no pós-doutorado, no qual a estudiosa trabalhou em parceria com a Professora Filomena Hirata (USP).
APLG — Uma voz sempre presente na divulgação da Cultura e das Línguas Clássicas
Authors: Lopes das Neves Gomes de Oliveira Célia Mafalda
Published: January 2023

A Associação de Professores de Latim e Grego tem desempenhado um importante papel na Educação em Portugal. São evidenciados alguns dos seus objetivos e o destaque dado à formação e ao conhecimento ao longo dos anos. Em 2018, passou a ser entidade formadora acreditada pelo Conselho Científico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua de Professores. Como exemplo do que tem sido feito, são elencadas algumas atividades realizadas nos anos letivos 2020/2021 e 2021/2022 (até 31/03/2022).
The Detection of DNA Damage Response in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines after X-ray Exposure
Authors: Mahmoud Alkhansa , Casciati Arianna , Bakar Zuki Abu , Hamzah Hazilawati , Ahmad Tengku Ahbrizal Tengku , Noor Mohd Hezmee Mohd
Published: January 2023

Radiotherapy is one of the main options to cure and control breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MD-231, to radiation exposure at timepoints 4 h and 24 h after radiation. MCF7 and MDA-MD-231 were irradiated with different radiation doses using a Gilardoni CHF 320 G X-ray generator (Mandello del Lario, Italy) at 250 kVp, 15 mA [with half-value layer (HVL) = 1.6 mm copper]. The ApoTox-Glo triplex assay combines three assays used to assess viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. The expression of γH2AX and BAX was analyzed by Western blotting. Viability and cytotoxicity did not change 4 h and 24 h after irradiation in either cell line, but we found a significant increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3/7 at 24 h after irradiation with 8.5 Gy in MDA-MB231. The expression of γH2AX and BAX was low in MCF7, whereas the expression of γH2AX and BAX increased with radiation dose in a dose-dependent manner in MDA-MB231. The results show that the MCF7 cell line is more radioresistant than the MDA-MB 231 cell line at 4 h and 24 h after X-ray irradiation. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 cells were radiosensitive at a high radiation dose of 8.5 Gy at 24 h after irradiation. γH2AX and BAX indicated the radiosensitivity in both cell lines. These results open the possibility of using these cancer cell lines as models for testing new therapeutic strategies to improve radiation therapy.
Toxidade do herbicida 2,4-D sobre germinação de sementes de Beta vulgaris L. (beterraba)
Authors: França Roberta Sorhaia Samayara Rocha Sousa de , Possenti Jean Carlo , Santana Asser Botelho
Published: January 2023

O herbicida 2,4-D (ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético) destaca-se como um dos ingredientes ativos (IA) mais vendidos no Brasil pelo baixo preço. O 2,4-D faz parte da classe dos herbicidas que tem um papel fundamental no controle de ervas daninhas na agricultura no mundo, possui classificação toxicológica I sendo considerado extremamente tóxico. A beterraba (Beta vulgaris) é uma raiz tuberosa originária do Oriente Médio que vem se espalhando por todo o mundo, das Américas à Europa e Ásia a Oceania. É um ingrediente funcional no desenvolvimento de várias refeições na culinária inclusive brasiliera, e também representa uma fonte de nutrientes altamente renovável e de baixo custo. O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da toxidade do herbicida 2,4-D na germinação de sementes de B. vulgaris. O experimento seguiu delineamento inteiramente casualisado, utilizando uma testemunha e três concentrações do herbicida 2,4-D (0,04; 0,08 e 0,12 mg mL-1). Foi utilizado como substrato papel germinativo, alocado em caixa germinadora. A contagem das sementes germinadas, foi realizada aos 7 e 14 dias. A germinação da beterraba foi comprometida, tendo apenas a testemunha apresentado efetiva taxa de germinação. Nas caixas de germinação contend doses-respostas de 2,4-D as sementes apresentaram atrofias e fungos, com baixo desenvolvimento inferior a 10%, apenas a testemunha apresentou germinação saudável com 65% de taxa de germinação. O 2,4 D demonstrou nas concentrações usuais nesse estudo ser tóxico para as sementes de Beta vulgaris.
Influência de maturadores na acumulucação de ATR na cultura de cana-de-açúcar f. Poaceae
Authors: Silva Lucas Noronha da , Nuñez Daniel Noe Coaguila
Published: January 2023

O presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de maturadores químicos no ganho dos teores de açúcares totais redutores (ATR) na cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em cana soca de segundo corte, variedade CIACSP95-5094 na Fazenda Campolina, município de Edéia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil, no ano 2022. O delineamento experimental utilizado, foi o em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, distância entre blocos foi de uma linha de plantio, cada parcela foi formada por oito linhas espaçadas com 1,5 m entre linhas, por dez metros de comprimento. Os produtos aplicados nos tratamentos consistiram em: Sulfometurom Metil com aplicação de 0,02 kg ha-1, Moddus® com aplicação de 1000 mL ha-1, Riper® com aplicação de 0,150 mL ha-1 e a testemunha em maturação in natura. A avaliação foi iniciada aos 21 dias após a aplicação (DAA) dos maturatores químicos. Para avaliação, foram cortados dez perfilhos por parcela para serem levados até o laboratorio onde foi realizada a análise tecnológica, sendo observado o parâmetro ATR.  De acordo com os resultados obtidos nesse experimento, pode-se concluir que não ocorreu aumento significativo no teor de açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR), embora o produto Sulfometurom Metil® proporcionou numericamente maior acúmulo de ATR em relação aos outros maturatores.