bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sclero-Topometry in Superficial Wear and Metal Processing of Ductile Cast Iron at Boundary Lubrication. Application to Tribological Valorization of Waste Oil
Authors: Eymard Stephanie , Ourahmoune R. , Bouvier S. , Ignaszak Z. , Mathia T.G.
Published: June 2013

In order to better understand superficial abrasive wear and metal processing sclero-topometric investigations have been developed and applied to spheroidal cast iron at boundary lubrication regime with new, waste and regenerated oils. Recycling of waste oils is the major challenge of worldwide society today, specifically for petroleum resources, and therefore, for derivatives like transformer oil. The contradictory characteristics from physical approach of transformer oil, requiring and insuring simultaneously a high thermal conductivity as well as an electrical resistivity, are specific for their applications. During the efficient lifetime, these characteristics progressively decrease, due to complex pollution (divers pollutions, water absorption, Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB), etc) and degradation (acids, resins, polluted oils, biological invasions, wear debris's du to local frictions, fretting, etc…), ultimately making the oil unsuitable for the initial application. [1] The strategy to upgrade the waste oil is investigated in the presented work using improved sclerometric and topometric characterisations [2,3] on deliberately selected heterogeneous material - ductile cast iron (with spheroidal graphite precipitations) widely manufactured for various transport industry[4].
Joint Strength of SPCC/A5052P-H Joint Welded by Laser Butt Welding with Compression
Authors: Itani Ryo , Iizuka Takashi
Published: June 2013

Welding properties of a tailored blank which consists of dissimilar metals are interesting because of the possible benefits for light weight design of materials. Especially, the combination of mild steel and aluminum alloy is expected as a representative of such a light hybrid material.Recently, our research team has developed a butt laser welding method with compression using CO2 laser. Joint strength of mild steel/industrial aluminum alloy joints welded by this method has not been reported in detail. In this study, variations of joint strength of SPCC/A5052 joints by welding conditions, i.e. laser power, pulse frequency and butt compressive stress, were investigated. Furthermore, the welded interface of a SPCC/A5052 joint obtained was observed and analyzed using FE-SEM and EDS.
On the Development and Computational Implementation of Complex Constitutive Models and Parameters’ Identification Procedures
Authors: Grilo Tiago Jordão , Souto Nelson , Valente Robertt , Andrade-Campos António , Thuillier Sandrine , de Sousa Ricardo J. Alves
Published: June 2013

Nowadays, the automotive industry has focused its attention to weight reduction of the vehicles to overcome environmental restrictions. For this purpose, new materials, namely, advanced high strength steels and aluminum alloys have emerged. These materials combine good formability and ductility, with a high tensile strength due to a multi-phase structure (for the steel alloys) and reduced weight (for the aluminum alloys). As a consequence of their advanced performances, complex constitutive models are required in order to describe the various mechanical features involved. In this work, the anisotropic plastic behavior of dual-phase steels and high strength aluminum alloys is described by the non-quadratic Yld2004-18p yield criterion, combined with a mixed isotropic-nonlinear kinematic hardening law. This phenomenological model allows for an accurate description of complex anisotropy and Bauschinger effects of the materials, which are essential for a reliable prediction of deep drawing and springback results using numerical simulations. To this end, an efficient computational implementation is needed, altogether with an inverse methodology to properly identify the constitutive parameters to be used as numerical simulation input. The constitutive model is implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS as a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). A multi-stage return mapping procedure, which utilizes the control of the potential residual, is implemented to integrate the constitutive equations at any instant of time (pseudo-time), during a deformation process. Additionally, an inverse methodology is developed to identify the constitutive model parameters of the studied alloys. The identification framework is based on an interface program that links an optimization software and the commercial finite element code. This methodology compares experimental data with the respective results numerically obtained. The implemented optimization process aims to minimize an objective function, which defines the difference between experimental and numerical results using the Levenberg-Marquardt gradient-based optimization method. The proposed integrated approach is validated in a number of benchmarks in sheet metal forming, including monotonic and cyclic loading, with the goal to infer about the modelling of anisotropic effects.
A Two-Pronged Approach for the Assessment of Springback Variability for Sheet Metal Forming Applications
Authors: Lebon Jérémy , Le Quilliec Guénhaël , Filomeno Coelho Rajan , Breitkopf Piotr , Villon Pierre
Published: June 2013

Springback assessment for sheet metal forming processes is a challenging issue which requires to take into account complex phenomena (physical non linearities and uncertainties). We highlight that the stochastic analysis of metal forming process requires both a high precision and low cost numerical models and propose a two-pronged methodology to address these challenges. The deep drawing simulation process is performed using an original low cost semi-analytical approach based on a bending under tension model with a good accuracy for small random perturbations of the physical and process parameters. The springback variability analysis is performed using an efficient stochastic metamodel, namely a sparse version of the polynomial chaos expansion.
Influence of Dislocations on the Deformability of Metallic Sheets
Authors: Cleja-Ţigoiu Sanda , Paşcan Raisa
Published: June 2013

Within the constitutive framework adopted here, the plastic distortion is described by multislips in the appropriate crystallographic system, the dislocation densities $\rho^{\alpha}$ and hardening variables $\zeta^{\alpha}$ in the $\alpha-$slip system are the internal variables involved in the model. The rate type boundary value problem at time $t$ leads to an appropriate variational equality to be satisfied by the velocity field when the current state of the body is known. Numerical solutions are analyzed in a tensile problem when only two physical slip systems are activated in the single (fcc) crystal sheet. The slip directions are in the plane of the sheet, while the normals to the slip planes are spatially represented. At the initial moment the distribution of the dislocation density is localized in a central zone of the sheet and in the tensile problem no geometrical imperfection has been introduced. The plane stress state is compatible with the rate type constitutive formulation of the model. The FEM is applied for solving the variational problem in the actual configuration, together with a temporal discretization of the differential system to update the current state in the sheet. The activation condition, which is formulated in terms of Schmid's law, allows us to describe the spread of the plastically deformed zone on the sheet.
Post-surgical pain, physical activity and satisfaction with the decision to undergo hernia surgery: a prospective qualitative investigation
Authors: Powell Rachael , McKee Lorna , King Peter M. , Bruce Julie
Published: June 2013

Surgical repair is a common treatment for inguinal hernias but a substantial number of patients experience chronic pain after surgery. As some patients are pain-free on presentation, it is important to investigate whether patients perceive the treatment to be beneficial. The present study used qualitative methods to explore experiences of pain, activity limitations and satisfaction with treatment as people underwent surgery and recovery. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. Seven participants were interviewed longitudinally: before surgery and two weeks and four months post-surgery. Ten further participants with residual pain four months post-surgery were interviewed once. Semi-structured interviews included experience and perception of pain; activity limitations; reasons for having surgery; satisfaction with the decision to undergo surgery. A thematic analysis was conducted. Pain did not cause concern when perceived as part of the usual surgery and recovery processes. Activity was limited to avoid damage to the hernia site rather than to avoid pain. None of the participants reported dissatisfaction with the decision to have surgery; reducing the risk of life-threatening complications associated with untreated hernias was considered important. These findings suggest that people regarded surgical treatment as worthwhile, despite chronic post-surgical pain. Further research should ascertain whether patients are aware of the actual risk of complications associated with conservative rather than surgical management of inguinal hernia.
Expressive Arts Therapy for Hospitalized Children: A Pilot Study Measuring Cortisol Levels
Authors: Yount Garret , Rachlin Kenneth , Siegel Jane
Published: June 2013

This pilot study aimed at assessing the feasibility of capturing physiological evidence of reduced stress for hospitalized children following expressive arts therapy. Twenty-five patients were offered a novel form of expressive arts therapy, termed Healing Sock Creatures, during their stay in the hospital. Saliva samples were collected at two times in the afternoon for the purpose of measuring salivary cortisol levels. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, a treatment group or a wait-list control group. A trend of decreased cortisol levels was apparent following therapy in the treatment group and concurrent steroid treatment, which is common in intensive care units, does not appear to interfere with the ability to measure decreased cortisol levels following therapy. Our results support the design of a formal study to assess physiological biomarkers of stress in hospital settings. To our knowledge, this is the first in-patient study assessing a biomarker of stress following expressive arts therapy for children
Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection-Associated Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Imashuku Shinsaku , Kudo Naoko
Published: June 2013

There is a well-known correlation between Herpes simplex (HSV) infection and erythema multiforme (EM). More recently, in Japan, it was found that Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) may promote the development of EM. All cases of Cp infection-associated EM that had been diagnosed in our clinic over the past two years (from 2011 to 2012) were analyzed. Cp infection was diagnosed on the basis of a significant increase (>2.00) in anti-Cp IgM titers, as measured by the HITAZYME-ELISA test. There were 7 cases of Cp-EM, one male and 6 females. Median age was 13 years (range 3-29 years). It is recommended that the possible involvement of Cp infection, besides HSV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, should be considered in all cases of EM.
Dynamically remembered present: Virtual memory as a basis for the stories we live
Authors: Du Toit Cornelius W.
Published: June 2013

In this article memory was viewed as a crucial key to the discovery of reality. It is the basis of historical research at all levels, hence it is not confined to a function of human consciousness (brain operations): its physical vestiges are discernible in the universe, in fossils, in the DNA of species. Memory inscribes information in various ways. On a human level it is not recalled computer-wise: imagination, emotion and tacit motives play a role in how we remember. The article investigated the way in which memory underlies the operation of every cell in any living organism. Against this background the role of memory in humans and its decisive influence on every level of human life are examined. Gerald Edelman’s work in this regard was considered. Marcel Proust’s focus on memory is an underlying thread running through his novels, unrivalled in literary history. Some prominent examples were analysed in this article. In light of the foregoing the role of memory in religious experience was then discussed. The virtuality of memory is encapsulated in the statement that we remember the present whilst reliving the past. Memory characterised by virtuality is basic to our autobiographic narratives. The nature of memory determines our life stories, hence our perception of the human self as dynamically variable and open to the future.
Selected haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) infected with a Trypansosoma sp. from the Vaal Dam, South Africa
Authors: Ferreira Maryke L. , Avenant-Oldewage Annemarie
Published: June 2013

The use of haematological techniques to assess fish health is generally accepted. The aim of the current study was to determine selected haematological changes that occur in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). infected with trypanosomes. Blood films were prepared according to standard techniques to confirm trypanosome infections and whole blood was collected, the serum and plasma separated, and prepared for albumin and total protein concentration analysis. Plasma albumin levels were significantly higher in infected wild caught fish than in uninfected wild caught fish and uninfected breeding stock. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected wild caught fish when compared to uninfected breeding stock. The total plasma and serum protein levels were within the normal range for C. gariepinus, that is, 3 g – 6 g/100 mL. The total plasma protein levels varied significantly between the three groups. However, the total serum protein levels were only significantly different between uninfected breeding stock and uninfected wild caught fish, as well as uninfected breeding stock and infected wild caught fish. The total protein levels were significantly higher in infected wild caught fish than in the other groups, a possible indication of an infection or inflammatory host response.
A clinical survey of laryngectomy patients to detect presence of the false perception of an intact larynx or the "phantom larynx" phenomenon
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pawar Prashant V. , Syed Suhail , Nair Deepa , Dutta Sourav , Chaukar Devendra , D′Cruz Anil K.
Published: June 2013

Hypothesis: The Phantom larynx phenomenon (the false perception on an intact larynx in a laryngectomee) exists and is an important issue in the post-laryngectomy rehabilitation of such patients. Objectives: The phantom limb phenomenon has been described after amputation of a limb or other parts of the body. Amputation or removal of any part is usually associated with a global feeling that the missing part is still present. We undertook this study to identify whether a phantom larynx phenomenon actually exists in laryngectomees. We also aimed to elicit its association with the duration following surgery. Patients and Methods: We did a clinical survey of 66 post-laryngectomy patients (30-80 years of age). Twenty-two of these patients were assessed within 6 months following surgery, whereas 44 patients were assessed at least 6 months later. A questionnaire containing 11 questions was served to these laryngectomees pertaining to false perception of persistent laryngeal functions and adaptation to the post-laryngectomy status. Results: All patients showed an evidence of a phantom larynx phenomenon. In the majority of these patients, it persisted even after 6 months following surgery. There was no significant difference in the two groups (less than or more than 6 months) except for one question pertaining to occlusion of stoma for speech (77% vs. 29%). False perception of nasal breathing (59% and 43%) and olfactory sensation (63% in both groups) were the most common. Conclusion: Phantom larynx phenomenon following laryngectomy exists and may cause anxiety and poor rehabilitation among patients. Education and rehabilitation with regards to such a phenomenon is therefore needed in all patients.
Radiation-induced hypopituitarism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mirouliaei Mehrdad , Shabani Masoud , Bakhshi Fatemeh , Ordouei Mahtab
Published: June 2013

Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children for whom radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used for treatment. When hypothalamus-pituitary axis is exposed to radiotherapy, children′s hormone level and quality of life are influenced. The aim of this study is to determine late effects of radiotherapy on hormonal level in these patients. Materials and Methods: In this study 27 children with ALL, who have been referred to Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiation Oncology Center in Yazd-Iran and received 18-24 Gy whole brain radiation with Cobalt 60 or 9 MV linear accelerator, were assessed. These patient′s basic weight, height and hormonal levels were measured before radiotherapy and also after different periods of time. Results: GHD (growth hormone deficiency) after clonidine stimulation test was observed in 44% (n=12) and that in 50% of them (n =6), less than 1 year, had been passed from their radiation therapy. None of these patients demonstrated hormone deficiency in other axes. Conclusions: This study showed that even application of a 18-24 Gy radiation dose might influence growth hormone levels; therefore, we recommend reduction of radiotherapy dose in such patients whenever possible.
Collision tumor of kidney: A case of renal cell carcinoma with metastases of prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vyas Monika , Menon Santosh , Desai Sangeeta B.
Published: June 2013

Simultaneous occurrence of prostatic adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma is well documented in the literature. However, metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma in a kidney harboring a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is quite rare. Although renal cell carcinoma is the most common tumor that can harbor metastasis, metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma in a kidney harboring a RCC is quite rare. There are four cases in the literature showing metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma to RCC. However, as per our knowledge, this is the first case of a collision between RCC and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Resistant metastatic penile carcinoma and response to biochemotherapy with paclitaxel and epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody, nimotuzumab
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Tongaonkar Hemant , Bakshi Ganesh , Prabhash Kumar
Published: June 2013

Carcinoma penis is one of the common malignancies in developing world especially among rural population. Multimodality treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy for advanced penile carcinoma with groin nodal metastasis is crucial to optimise the outcome. Cisplatin, fluorouracil, methotrexate, vinorelbine, bleomycin and paclitaxel are the common chemotherapeutic agents used along with local therapy. Paucity of data to show superiority of one chemotherapeutic regime over another and only modest response to any combination chemotherapy. Progression of disease after surgery, radiation and chemotherapy is associated with poor outcome and quality of life. Nimotuzumab, Anti EGFR monoclonal antibody, along with paclitaxel in our case of resistant metastatic penile carcinoma has shown good symptomatic palliation and clinical response.
Adrenal metastases in a post-radiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma after low-dose radiation for a benign condition
Authors: Ganesan Prasanth , Kaushal Seema , Thulkar Sanjay , Bakhshi Sameer
Published: June 2013

A 29-year-old male presented with an aggressive malignant fibrous histiocytoma of his leg 14 years after he had received low-dose radiation to the area for a benign indication. The other unusual feature of this case was the large unilateral adrenal metastasis. We describe this very rare presentation of sarcoma and briefly review the relevant literature.
Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in children: Report of three cases with review of literature
Authors: Lokesh Kadabur Nagendrappa , Premalata Chennagiri S. , Kumari B.S. Aruna , Appaji L
Published: June 2013

Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in children is rare. Three children aged three, nine and three years were evaluated for abnormal shadows on radiological examination with pneumothorax in two cases. Resection and histopathological examination revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in all and cystic malformation in first case. All the three children were treated with surgery and first two received adjuvant chemotherapy. The disease free duration was 160 months, 19 months and seven months respectively. The literature on primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in children was reviewed.
Changes in coccolith calcification under stable atmospheric CO2
Authors: Bauke C. , Meier K. J. S. , Kinkel H. , Baumann K.-H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Coccolith calcification is known to respond to ocean acidification in culture experiments as well as in present and past oceans. Previous studies basically focus on changes in coccolith weight due to increasing CO2 and the resulting changes in the carbonate system but pay little attention to the influence of other environmental factors. In order to untangle changes in coccolithophore calcification due to environmental factors such as temperature and/or productivity from changes caused by increasing pCO2 and carbonate ion concentration we here present a study on coccolith calcification from the Holocene North Atlantic Ocean. The pre-industrial Holocene with its predominantly stable carbonate system provides the conditions for such a comprehensive analysis. For a realistic analysis on changes in major components of Holocene coccolithophores, the family Noelaerhabdaceae was selected, which constitutes the main part of the assemblage in the North Atlantic. Records of average coccolith weights from three Holocene sediment cores along a North–South transect in the North Atlantic were analysed. During the Holocene mean weight (and therefore calcification) of Noelaerhabdaceae (E. huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa) coccoliths decreases at the Azores (Geofar KF 16) from around 7 to 5.5 pg, but increases at the Rockall Plateau (ODP Site 980) from around 6 to 8 pg and at the Vøring Plateau (MD08-3192) from 7 to 10.5 pg. This amplitude of average weight variability is within the range of glacial/interglacial changes that were interpreted to be an effect of decreasing carbonate ion concentration. By comparison with SEM assemblage counts, we show that weight changes are partly due to variations in the coccolithophore assemblage, but also an effect of a change in calcification and/or morphotype variability within single species. Our results indicate that there is no single key factor responsible for the observed changes in coccolith weight. A major increase in coccolith weight occurs during a slight decrease in carbonate ion concentration in the Late Holocene at the Rockall Plateau and Vøring Plateau. Here, more favourable productivity conditions apparently lead to an increase in coccolith weight, either due to the capability of coccolithophore species, especially E. huxleyi, to adapt to decreasing carbonate ion concentration, or due to a shift towards heavier calcifying morphotypes.
Macrofaunal colonization across the Indian Margin oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Levin L. A. , McGregor A. L. , Mendoza G. F. , Woulds C. , Cross P. , Witte U. , Gooday A. J. , Cowie G. , Kitazato H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. There is a growing need to understand the ability of bathyal assemblages to recover from disturbance and oxygen stress, as human activities and expanding oxygen minimum zones increasingly affect deep continental margins. The effects of a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) on slope benthic community structure have been studied in both the Western and Eastern Arabian Sea; however, little is known about the dynamics or resilience of these benthic populations. To examine the influence of oxygen and phytodetritus on short-term settlement patterns we conducted colonization experiments along two cross-OMZ transects on the West Indian continental margin. Four colonization trays were deployed at each depth for 4 days at 542 and 802 m (16°58′ N) and for 9 days at 817 m and 1147 m (17°31′ N). Oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.9 μM (0.02 mL L−1) at 542 m to 22 μM (0.5 mL L−1) at 1147 m. All trays contained local defaunated sediments; half of the trays at each depth also contained 13C/15N-labeled phytodetritus mixed into the sediments. Sediment cores were collected between 535 m and 1140 m for analysis of background (source) macrofaunal (> 300 μm) densities and composition. Background densities ranged from 0 ind. m−2 (at 535–542 m) to 7400 ind. m−2, with maximum values on both transects at 700–800 m. Macrofaunal colonizer densities ranged from 0 ind. m−2 at 542 m, where oxygen was lowest, to average values of 142 ind. m−2 at 800 m, and 3074 ind. m−2 at 1147 m, where oxygen concentration was highest. These were equal to 4.3% and 151% of the ambient background community at 800 m and 1147 m, respectively. Community structure of settlers showed no response to the presence of phytodetritus. Increasing depth and oxygen concentration, however, significantly influenced the community composition and abundance of colonizing macrofauna. Polychaetes constituted 92.4% of the total colonizers, followed by crustaceans (4.2%), mollusks (2.5%), and echinoderms (0.8%). The majority of colonizers were found at 1147m; 88.5% of these were Capitella sp., although they were rare in the background community. Colonists at 800 and 1147 m also included ampharetid, spionid, syllid, lumbrinerid, cirratulid, cossurid and sabellid polychaetes. Consumption of δ13C/ δ15N-labeled phytodetritus was observed for macrofaunal foraminifera (too large to be colonizers) at the 542 and 802/817 m sites, and by metazoan macrofauna mainly at the deepest, better oxygenated site. Calcareous foraminifera (Uvigerina, Hoeglundina sp.), capitellid polychaetes and cumaceans were among the major consumers. These preliminary experiments suggest that bottom-water oxygen concentrations may strongly influence ecosystem services on continental margins, as reflected in rates of colonization by benthos and colonizer processing of carbon following disturbance.
Technical Note: Wet validation of optical tomography for drinking water discolouration studies
Authors: Floris R. , van Thienen P. , Beverloo H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a set of validation experiments for the reconstruction of a cross-sectional particle concentration field in a transparent pipe filled with a fluid using optical tomography.
A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor
Authors: Zhang W. , Zhao J. , Wang W. , Ren H. , Chen L. , Yan G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The relationship between variations in surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and marine earthquakes has been a popular subject of recent seismological studies. So far, there are two key problems: how to identify the abnormal SLHF variations from complicated background signals, and how to ensure that the anomaly results from earthquake. In this paper, we proposed four adjustable parameters for identification, classified the relationship and analyze SLHF changes several months before six marine earthquakes by employing daily SLHF data. Besides, we also quantitatively evaluate the long-term relationship between earthquakes and SLHF anomalies for the six study areas over a 20 yr period preceding each earthquake. The results suggest: (1) before the South Sandwich Islands, Papua, Samoa and Haiti earthquakes, the SLHF variations above their individual background levels have relatively low amplitudes and are difficult to be considered as precursory anomalies; (2) after removing the clustering effect, most of the anomalies prior to these six earthquakes are not temporally related to any earthquake in each study area in time sequence; (3) for each case, apart from Haiti, more than half of studied earthquakes which were moderate even devastating earthquakes (larger than Mw = 5.3) had no precursory variations in SLHF; and (4) the correlation between SLHF and seismic activity depends largely on data accuracy and parameter settings. Before any application of SLHF data on earthquake prediction, we suggest that anomaly-identifying standards should be established based on long-term regional analysis to eliminate subjectivity. Furthermore, other factors which may result in SLHF variations also should be carefully considered.
Maximizing the usefulness of flood risk assessment for the River Vistula in Warsaw
Authors: Kiczko A. , Romanowicz R. J. , Osuch M. , Karamuz E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The derivation of flood risk maps requires an estimation of maximum inundation extent for a flood with a given return period, e.g. 100 or 500 yr. The results of numerical simulations of flood wave propagation are used to overcome the lack of relevant observations. In practice, deterministic 1-D models are used for flow routing, giving a simplified image of flood wave propagation. The solution of a 1-D model depends on the initial and boundary conditions and estimates of model parameters which are usually identified using the inverse problem based on the available noisy observations. Therefore, there is a large uncertainty involved in the derivation of flood risk maps. Bayesian conditioning based on multiple model simulations can be used to quantify this uncertainty; however, it is too computer-time demanding to be applied in flood risk assessment in practice, without further flow routing model simplifications. In order to speed up the computation times the assumption of a gradually varied flow and the application of a steady state flow routing model may be introduced. The aim of this work is an analysis of the influence of those simplifying model assumptions and uncertainty of observations and modelling errors on flood inundation mapping and a quantitative comparison with deterministic flood extent maps. Apart from the uncertainty related to the model structure and its parameters, the uncertainty of the estimated flood wave with a specified probability of return period (so-called 1-in-10 yr, or 1-in-100 yr flood) is also taken into account. In order to derive the uncertainty of inundation extent conditioned on the design flood wave, the probabilities related to the design wave and flow model uncertainties are integrated. In the present paper we take into account the dependence of roughness coefficients on discharge. The roughness is parameterised based on the available observed historical flood waves. The approach presented allows for the relationship between flood extent and flow values to be derived thus giving a cumulative assessment of flood risk. The methods are illustrated using the Warsaw reach of the River Vistula as a case study. The results indicate that the uncertainties have a substantial influence on flood risk assessment.
Social Welfare Impacts of Imposing an Import Tariff on Maize Market in Iran Compared to an Export Tax in China and Brazil Using: a Game Theory Approach
Authors: Chizari Amir Hossein , Assadollahpour Fereshte , Hosseini Safdar
Published: June 2013

The social welfare impacts of Iran’s maize import policies versus China and Brazil export policies using a game theoretic approach. The economy of maize export by China and Brazil as well as Iran’s import demand are analyzed using empirical imports models. In this study, supply, demand, imports and price equations are estimated using a three-stage least squares (3SLS) model to obtain elasticities. The estimated elasticities are incorporated in a non-cooperative dynamic game framework to analyze the possible impacts of policy changes in these three countries. This study analyzes various policies, including several scenarios regarding changes in Iran’s import tariff from 0% to 10% with respect to China and Brazil exported price ratio (export tax on domestic price of Iran) from 0.56-1.36. The results indicate that Iranian government should impose a tariff rate approximately 8% to maximize its own social welfare considering export taxes of 0.98 and 0.93 imposed by China and Brazil respectively. The results also suggest that policy makers in Iran should focus more on Iran’s tariff rates rather than export taxes imposed by China and Brazil.
Cyrioctea (Araneae, Zodariidae) in Africa: temperate Gondwanaland relict, recent radiation, or both?
Authors: Jocqué Rudy C.A.M.
Published: June 2013

Two new species of the zodariid genus Cyrioctea Simon, 1889 are described: C. sawadee sp. nov. and C. lotzi sp. nov., both only known from males. The genus now contains seven Afrotropical species and this abundance is discussed in the context of its basal situation in the family and its apparent temperate Gondwanaland distribution, which implies a much greater age of the Zodariidae than presently accepted. Unlike most taxa with a temperate Gondwana distribution, Cyrioctea boasts a high number of species with small distribution areas. This points in the direction of a recent radiation initiated after a long period of stasis.
In Search of the Pontic Community in Antiquity
Authors: MITCHELL STEPHEN
Published: June 2013

The geographical characteristics of the Pontus combined with the historical circumstances of the region's colonization by the Greeks were important factors which defined the nature of this ‘world apart’, and these have been the dominant themes of modern historical study. However, neither physical geography nor the colonial experience inevitably implied the emergence of a distinct Pontic world or a Pontic community. Nor do the facts of geography or the major developments of external political history help to explain the identities that the peoples of Pontus claimed for themselves, or that were ascribed to them by outsiders. Indeed, there is a need to ask in what ways, and at what periods, the inhabitants of Pontus themselves felt any sense of shared identity to correspond with the outside perception, that they inhabited a world of their own. Given the obvious problems of regional definition, this chapter is divided into four sections. The first and second look at the Pontic region defined in its earliest sense as the territories and communities associated with the Black Sea itself. The third is concerned with the Pontic regions of Asia Minor. The fourth deals more specifically with the kingdom of the Mithridatids, the so-called kingdom of Pontus. But the starting point, which has led to this structure, is an analysis of the region's name, and in particular of the adjectival form Ponticus Ποντικός, which was derived from it.
Domitian’s Palace on the Palatine and the Imperial Image
Authors: ZANKER PAUL
Published: June 2013

A Roman emperor was defined not simply by his own actions, but also by the manner in which he presented himself, the way he appeared in public, and the personal style he adopted in his interaction with the Senate and the people. A major element of that style lay in the manner of his domestic life and, closely related to this, how he handled the rituals associated with the imperial residence, such as the salutation and, above all, the invitations to an imperial convivium. Should the power of the emperor be put on display or concealed? In what kinds of settings should he carry out his duties? How could he simultaneously show off his status and power while playing the princeps in the manner of Augustus? It was evident from the very start that here was a fundamental flaw in the artful construction of Augustus. This is most evident in the honorific statues and other monuments associated with the worship of the emperor, in which Augustus and his Julio-Claudian successors, during their lifetimes, were represented both as civic officials in the toga and as nude figures with bodies modelled on gods and heroes. This chapter tries to understand better the new residence that Domitian built on the Palatine, at vast expense, to the plans of the architect Rabirius (according to Martial 7. 56), as a monument of imperial projection.
A Novel Combinatorial Therapy With Pulp Stem Cells and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Total Pulp Regeneration
Authors: Iohara Koichiro , Murakami Masashi , Takeuchi Norio , Osako Yohei , Ito Masataka , Ishizaka Ryo , Utunomiya Shinji , Nakamura Hiroshi , Matsushita Kenji , Nakashima Misako
Published: June 2013

Treatment of deep caries with pulpitis is a major challenge in dentistry. Stem cell therapy represents a potential strategy to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex, enabling conservation and restoration of teeth. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pulp stem cell transplantation as a prelude for the impending clinical trials. Clinical-grade pulp stem cells were isolated and expanded according to good manufacturing practice conditions. The absence of contamination, abnormalities/aberrations in karyotype, and tumor formation after transplantation in an immunodeficient mouse ensured excellent quality control. After autologous transplantation of pulp stem cells with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a dog pulpectomized tooth, regenerated pulp tissue including vasculature and innervation completely filled in the root canal, and regenerated dentin was formed in the coronal part and prevented microleakage up to day 180. Transplantation of pulp stem cells with G-CSF yielded a significantly larger amount of regenerated dentin-pulp complex compared with transplantation of G-CSF or stem cells alone. Also noteworthy was the reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and apoptotic cells and the significant increase in neurite outgrowth compared with results without G-CSF. The transplanted stem cells expressed angiogenic/neurotrophic factors. It is significant that G-CSF together with conditioned medium of pulp stem cells stimulated cell migration and neurite outgrowth, prevented cell death, and promoted immunosuppression in vitro. Furthermore, there was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events. In conclusion, the combinatorial trophic effects of pulp stem cells and G-CSF are of immediate utility for pulp/dentin regeneration, demonstrating the prerequisites of safety and efficacy critical for clinical applications.
Concise Review: Endothelial Stem and Progenitor Cells and Their Habitats
Authors: Goligorsky Michael S. , Salven Petri
Published: June 2013

Recent studies on the stem cell origins of regenerating tissues have provided solid evidence in support of the role of the resident cells, rather than bone marrow-derived or transplanted stem cells, in restoring tissue architecture after an injury. This is also true for endothelial stem and progenitor cells: local pools exist in the vascular wall, and those cells are the primary drivers of vascular regeneration. This paradigm shift offers an opportunity to rethink and refine our understanding of the multiple therapeutic effects of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells, focusing on their secretome, sheddome, intercellular communicational routes, and other potential ways to rejuvenate and replenish the pool of resident cells. The dynamics of vascular wall resident cells, at least in the adipose tissue, may shed light on the origins of other cells present in the vascular wall—pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells. The fate of these cells in aging and disease awaits elucidation.
Intoxicação plumbífera aguda no tecido cardíaco em ratos Wistar
Authors: Folgearini Silveira Matheus , Pércio Quináia Sueli , Peres Jayme Augusto
Published: June 2013

A insuficiência cardíaca congestiva é uma síndrome clínica caracterizada por disfunção cardíaca com hemodinâmica anormal, liberação de citocinas, ativação neuroendócrina e retenção renal de sódio e água. Diversas etiologias são associadas; porém, a importância da intoxicação por metais pesados na musculatura cardíaca e seu sistema de condução têm sido pouco estudados. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a caracterização histomorfológica do coração de modelos biológicos submetidos à intoxicação aguda por chumbo. Dezoito ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos, sendo o chumbo (G1) testado em conjunto com o cobre (G2) e controle. Os animais submetidos à intoxicação experimental por chumbo apresentaram lesões em segmentos miocárdicos em parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo com infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear associado com a degeneração de miofibrilas. Observou-se alteração em gânglios nervosos cardíacos com degeneração neuronal multifocal, localizados principalmente no ventrículo esquerdo e no septo interventricular. Nos demais grupos não se identificaram lesões referentes ao tecido muscular cardíacoe/ou de condução. Concluiu-se que o chumbo possui características de alteração estrutural cardíaca importante, especialmente no que diz respeito aos danos no sistema nervoso cardíaco, devendo-se incluir no rol de possibilidades de eventuais disritmias em animais domésticos.
Eficácia do florfenicol no tratamento de infecções do trato urinário em porcas
Authors: Mazutti Kelly , Noleto Aguiar Thiago , Zotti Everson , Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano , Alberton Geraldo Camilo
Published: June 2013

O experimento objetivou testar o antibiótico florfenicol 2% no tratamento de infecções do trato urinário (ITU) em porcas. Foram utilizados 42 animais com idade gestacional variando entre 50 e 70 dias, portadoras ou não de ITU. Os animais sadios foram diferenciados dos animais afetados, mediante resultados de urinálise e urocultivo. O ensaio foi composto por: 21 porcas com ITU que receberam florfenicol 2% na ração por sete dias; 11 porcas negativas para ITU (controle negativo); e 10 positivas para ITU (controle positivo). Foram coletadas amostras de urina nos dias 0, 5 e 7 (D0, D5 e D7) após o início do tratamento; nesses diastambém foram realizadas a urinálise completa, a avaliação da densidade urinária específica, a contagem e o isolamento bacteriano. A Escherichia coli foi o agente mais isolado (80,64%). Os resultados demonstraram que o florfenicol promoveu redução significativa na contagem bacteriana dos animais do grupo tratado, porém não reduziu significativamente o número de animais afetados. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o florfenicol na dose de 2 mg/kg administrado por sete dias via ração não foi efetivo no tratamento de ITU.
Leveduras vivas (Sacharomyces cerevisie) sobre o desempenho de novilhos terminados em confinamento e as características da carne e da carcaça
Authors: Neumann Mikael , Hilário da Silva Marlon Richard , Nogueira Figueira Danúbia , Spada Cecília Aparecida , Reinehr Luan Lucas , Poczynek Mailson
Published: June 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho e as características da carne e da carcaça de novilhos não castrados terminados em confinamento com dieta composta de silagem de milho e concentrado com e sem inclusão de Sacharomyces cerevisie. O confinamento teve duração de 210 dias. Foram utilizados 36 novilhos, destes 18 eram animais Canchim (5/8 Charolês, 3/8 Nelore) e 18 eram animais Brangus (1/2 Angus, 1/2 Canchim), com idade média de 8 meses, peso vivo médio inicial de 250 kg. O delineamento experimental foio inteiramente casualizado, composto por dois tratamentos com seis repetições, em baias com três animais. Não foram constatados efeitos positivos da inclusão de leveduras vivas secas sobre o consumo de matéria seca e sobre o comportamento de novilhos terminados em confinamento. Verificou-se efeito positivo no desempenho dos animais confinados sobre as características relacionadas ao ganho médio diário (1,235 vs. 1,099 kg/dia) e a conversão alimentar (7,22 vs. 7,95 kg de matéria seca ingerida para kg de ganho de peso),demonstrando a eficácia na utilização sobre o tratamento controle. A inclusão de leveduras vivas secas à dieta não gerou alterações nas características da carcaça, na qualidade da carne e nos componentes de rendimento da carcaça na produção de novilhos de corte superjovens.
Farinha do resíduo de tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) na alimentação de poedeiras
Authors: Plácido Miller Waldo Mateus , Guimarães Cruz Frank George , Oliveira das Chagas Ewerton , Ferreira Silva André , Torres Assante Rafael
Published: June 2013

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e econômico da inclusão de níveis crescentes (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%) de farinha do resíduo de tucumã (FRT) em rações de aves poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 160 aves Dekalb White com 56 semanas de idade distribuídas em 20 gaiolas. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado e os dados foram analisados utilizando regressão polinomial. O consumo de ração apresentou efeito quadrático, reduzindo à medida que se aumentava o nível de FRT, com médias de 101,90; 100,32; 98,27; 94,29 e 92,76, respectivamente. A produção de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos e conversão alimentar por massa de ovos não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O percentual de albúmen e a espessura da casca foram afetados pelos tratamentos (p < 0,05), tendo os níveis 20% e 5% apresentado os melhores resultados, respectivamente. A pigmentação da gema foi influenciada pelos tratamentos (p < 0,05) tendo o nível 20% de inclusão apresentado maior pigmentação (8,0). O menor custo da ração e produção foi obtido pelo nível 20% de inclusão da farinha, apesar de apresentar a menor renda líquida. É possível utilizar até 20% de FRT sem alterar a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e percentagem de albúmen.
Aliança estratégica: papel dos estrategistas e das propriedades estruturas do campo organizacional
Authors: Walter Silvana Anita
Published: June 2013

Este estudo emprega a abordagem de estratégia como prática – para analisar a atuação de diferentes estrategistas na prática de aliança estratégica - aliada à teoria da estruturação - para verificar se as propriedades estruturais (regras e recursos) do campo organizacional guiam a adoção da aliança estratégica. Realizou-se o estudo de caso da Sooro Concentrado Indústria de Produtos Lácteos Ltda. com uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter descritivo----interpretativa. A perspectiva temporal é transversal com avaliação longitudinal de 2002 a 2011. Para a coleta de dados, empregaram-se entrevistas com questões abertas, observação não participante e análise documental. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Em relação aos estrategistas, notou-se que tanto os internos – como os sócios fundadores –, quanto os externos – como a parceira – atuam na aliança estratégica. Notou-se, também, que as ações dessa prática estratégica são orientadas por propriedades estruturais do campo organizacional, como os recursos de capital humano e de imagem e reputação positivos, assim como a regra de aliada da parceira. Conclui-se que a adoção da prática de aliança estratégica envolveu aspectos de diferentes âmbitos: organização e campo organizacional. Nota-se que a abordagem de estratégia como prática e a teoria da estruturação podem ser integradas como forma de analisar alianças  estratégicas.