bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Cholecystectomy on Bile Reflux after One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Authors: Farzadmanesh Mohammad Javad , Shahsavan Masoumeh , Shahmiri Shahab Shahabi , Ghorbani Mahsa , Fathi Mohammad , Mehrnia Nariman , Pazouki Abdolreza , Kermansaravi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Purpose Bile reflux (BR) is an issue after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). Cholecystectomy can increase BR in patients without a history of metabolic and bariatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cholecystectomy on BR after OAGB.
Methods This prospective observational study was conducted between March 2017 and December 2022 including 34 matched adult individuals with a body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 in the presence of comorbidities and gallstone disease in preop evaluations who underwent primary OAGB including 17 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy simultaneously or after OAGB (OAGB + LC) and 17 patients without cholecystectomy (OAGB). All patients underwent evaluations for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and bile reflux (BR) using various methods including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), the GERD-Q questionnaire, and a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan.
Results Thirty-four patients were included in this study. BR into the esophagus was not detected in both groups. BR to the gastric pouch was observed in 4 patients (23.5%) of the OAGB group and 6 patients (35.3%) of the OAGB + LC group (P = 0.452). BR to gastric remnant was observed in 6 patients (one and five patients in OAGB and OAGB + LC groups respectively) (P = 0.072). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, although it was clinically significant.
Conclusion Cholecystectomy after OAGB is not associated with a change in the rate of BR in the gastric pouch but increases the incidence of BR into gastric remnant that may be harmful in the long term.
Implementation strategies and outcomes in the delivery of HIV test services (HTS) in community pharmacies in Nigeria
Authors: Oseni Yejide Olukemi , Erhun Wilson Oyekigho
Published: July 2024

Background
Studies have shown that training interventions do fail when proper strategies are not in place for their implementation. The study described the implementation strategies used in the delivery of the HIV test services and measured implementation outcomes in the delivery of the services.
Methods
The study was conducted between August and November 2019 among 50 selected community pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria using a mixed-method of quantitative and qualitative data survey design. The implementation strategies used in the delivery of HIV test services (HTS) and the activities performed during the HTS and outreaches were described while both observational and survey methods were used to collect data. Data collected were analysed and presented in the form of reports, and pictorial presentations, through texts and responses to open-ended questions. The results were triangulated to increase the credibility and validity of the research findings.
Results
Response rate was 90%. Out of 919 HIV tests conducted, 19 (2.1%) were positive. More females (51%) were tested than males (49%), and mostly within the age range of 20–49 years (77.2%). All the respondents conducted rapid HIV testing, pre-testing counselling (95.6%), post-testing counselling (88.9%), and provision of confidential test results (86.7%). Images taken during the delivery of HTS and researchers’ observations showed respondents' ability to perform the tests as intended and the ability to invite clients for the tests. Participants felt that rendering the services was an interesting experience, which made them happy, satisfied, and fulfilled. The services also allowed them to improve on their professional deliverables and practice, showcased the relevance of pharmacists in rendering HTS, creating awareness of the menace of HIV/AIDS, and helping people to stop the spread.
Conclusion
The study showed that HTS is acceptable, appropriate, feasible, and easy to adopt in community pharmacies and penetration was high. For sustainability, community pharmacists should be well remunerated, and need for established policy to include this scope in community pharmacy practice.
Improvements in Patient Safety Culture: A National Survey in a Private Healthcare Network in Brazil
Authors: Lima Helidea de Oliveira , Silva Leopoldo Muniz da , Abib Arthur de Campos Vieira , Tavares Leandro Reis , de Araújo Ana Cláudia Lopes Fernandes , Moreira Laise Pereira , Silveira Saullo Queiroz , Torres Vanessa de Melo Silva , Simões Deborah , Ho Anthony M.-H. , Mizubuti Glenio B. , Vieira Joaquim Edson
Published: July 2024

Background Enhancing security and dependability of health systems necessitates resource allocation, a well-defined infrastructure, and a steadfast commitment to ensuring its safety and stability over time. The aim of this study was to analyse the temporal trend of patient safety culture within a network of private hospitals in Brazil, while also evaluating the relationship between the safety culture and the hospital accreditation process.Methods We retrospectively analysed the temporal trend of patient safety culture within a network of Brazilian private hospitals, while also evaluating the relationship between safety culture and the hospital accreditation process/status. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was distributed to 71 hospitals between 2014–2022 with 259,268 responders. Hospitals were classified as accredited (AH) or non-accredited (NAH). A linear mixed-effects regression model was applied to fit the trend for the dimension score over time.Results Out of 12 dimensions analysed, 11 significantly improved, and one (“frequency of reported events”) remained unchanged over time (p = 0.84). Two dimensions had < 50% positive responses: “communication openness” (47.13% [38.19–58.73]) and “nonpunitive response to errors” (41.24% [34.13–51.98]). Safety culture improved among AHs across all, but “frequency of reported events” (p = 0.12), dimensions. Among NAHs, “frequency of reported events” decreased over time (p = 0.008) while other dimensions remained unchanged.Conclusion Overall, patient safety culture improved between 2014–2022. While accreditation has seemingly fostered a culture of safety over time, underreporting of adverse events among NAHs indicate missed opportunities for healthcare system improvement through adverse event analysis.
Non-verbal elements of rapport during endoscopic procedures - a video ethnographic study
Authors: Hoek Krista , Zweeden van Hannah , Velzen van Monique , Sarton Elise
Published: July 2024

Background The environment of the clinical setting of gastrointestinal endoscopy, the cognitive-affective communication of healthcare providers, and the ritual of administering treatments influence patients’ lived experiences. Modern medicine advocates patient-centered care (PCC), and effective therapeutic communication skills are increasingly recognized as essential for creating rapport between healthcare providers and their patients. Rapport can positively influence patient-reported outcomes. However, little is known about how healthcare providers establish rapport in a dynamic setting such as the endoscopy department. The aim of this study was to analyze the nonverbal tools used by healthcare providers working in the endoscopy department to create rapport.Methods We adopted an ethnographic phenomenological approach to study videotaped interactions of endoscopic procedures in a university hospital. Between May 2021 and June 2022, eight procedures were analyzed. The study included healthcare providers (sedation practitioners, endoscopists, and nurses) and patients involved in the endoscopic procedures. The main measures focused on nonverbal communication techniques such as body language as eye contact, gestures, physical touch, and body position.Results Healthcare providers employed nonverbal skills to create rapport, such as sustained eye contact, open postural body positions, physical touch like a soothing touch, and body lean. These elements are commonly seen as key components in one-on-one doctor-patient interactions and the establishment of rapport.Conclusions In conclusion, providing comfort and facilitating the management of emotions are crucial for establishing rapport with patients, whether in one-on-one doctor-patient interactions or within the dynamic endoscopic environment. Findings from this study may contribute to further research and programs aimed at enhancing and implementing therapeutic language and communication skills of healthcare providers in a broader setting.
Risk factors associated with leptomeningeal metastases after postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases
Authors: Crouzen Jeroen A. , Petoukhova Anna L. , Hakstege Martijn , Schaik Elise E.M.W. van , Tewarie Rishi D.S. Nandoe , Nabuurs Rob J.A. , Vos Maaike J. , Kerkhof Melissa , Vaart Thijs van der , Koekkoek Johan A.F. , Hagenbeek Rogier E. , Yildirim Fatih M. , Wiltink Lisette M. , Zyp Noëlle C.M.G. van der Voort van , Kiderlen Mandy , Broekman Marike L.D. , Mast Mirjam E. , Zindler Jaap D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Neurosurgical resection is the standard treatment for large brain metastases (BMs). Perioperative tumor spill is an important complication which is theorized to contribute to leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is used to improve local control, but does not always prevent LMD. This study aims to identify patients at increased risk of developing LMD after postoperative SRT.
Methods:
We included 147 patients who underwent resection and SRT for BMs. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess associations of LMD with various patient characteristics.
Results:
Median survival after postoperative SRT was 14 months (IQR 6-30) with 3-year actuarial survival rate of 21%. LMD was diagnosed in 21/147 patients (14%; 3-year actuarial rate 26%). Patients with resected cerebellar metastases were more likely to develop LMD than those with cerebral metastases (HR 4.24, 95% CI 1.11-16.3, P = 0.035). Incidence of LMD for cerebellar metastases was 9/40 (23%; 3-year actuarial rate 46%) and 12/107 (11%; 3-year actuarial rate 17%) in cerebral metastases. Median survival after LMD diagnosis was 4 months.
Conclusion:
Patients with a resected cerebellar BM were at increased risk to develop LMD compared to patients with cerebral BMs. Survival after LMD was poor, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies.
Effects of acute endurance exercise on heart rate variability in young males with different body mass index
Authors: Wang Yimin , He Zhenfang , Fan Biyuan , Liu Lu , Chi Aiping
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute endurance exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in young males with different body mass index (BMI). 45 young males were selected as subjects, and they were divided into three groups according to the BMI: underweight (< 20.0 Kg/m2), normal weight (20.0-24.9 Kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 Kg/m2). The subjects were tested on a treadmill (h/p/cosmos, Munich, Germany) using the Ellestad A protocol. HRV was recorded using the ActiGraph GT9-X+ (ActiGraph LLC, USA) for 5 min at two different time points, 5 min before and 5 min after exercise. HRV indicators were analyzed including SDNN (the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals), HF (High Frequency Power), and LF (Low Frequency Power). There was no significant difference in each HRV indicator among the three groups at rest. Three groups experienced a significant decrease in each HRV indicator within a short time following exercise (p < 0.01). The underweight group did not display a significant difference in each HRV indicator compared to the normal weight group after exercise. Conversely, the overweight group exhibited significantly lower levels of SDNN and HF compared to the normal weight group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Within a short time after engaging in acute endurance exercise, HRV was inhibited in underweight, normal weight, and overweight males. Notably, HRV inhibition was more prominent in overweight males compared to normal weight males.
Translation, validity, and reliability of the Arabic-language version of the 11- item Neglect and Abuse Scale (NAS) in Community Older Adults
Authors: Khalil Marwa Ibrahim Mahfouz , Shaala Reem Said , Elnakeeb Mayar , Menessy Reem Farag Mahrous , Hallit Souheil , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Bitar Zeinab , Mousa Enas Fouad Sayed
Published: July 2024

Background
Divergent cultural contexts and norms shape perceptions of elder abuse and neglect in Western and Arab societies. The psychometric properties of instruments measuring elder neglect and abuse in Arabic have not been previously examined. Validating these instruments can enhance the consistency of elder neglect and abuse (NA) prevalence estimates and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the issue at national, regional, and global levels. This study represents the first attempt to validate the Arabic version of the 11-item Neglect and Abuse Scale (NAS) and establish its psychometric soundness in a sample of Arabic-speaking Older Adults in the Community.
Method
A cross-sectional study encompassed 539 Arabic-speaking older Egyptians, with 50.3% being female and 60.7% aged between 65 and 75. Participants completed an anonymous Google form-based questionnaire that included the NAS, the Older People's Quality of Life-brief (OPQOL-brief) Questionnaire, 15-item Resilience Scale of Older Adults (RSOA), and sociodemographic inquiries. The forward-backward translation method was employed to ensure accurate translation.
Results
Exploratory Factor analysis with Varimax rotation unveiled two factors from the NAS, reflecting the multidimensional nature of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the two-factor solution, demonstrating a good fit to the data. Reliability assessments showed a satisfactory level of internal consistency for the overall score and the two factors (Cronbach’s α = .83 − .88 / McDonald’s ω = .83 − .89). Sex invariance tests indicated that male and female participants did not significantly differ in the measurement features, suggesting the scale's applicability and interpretability across sexes. Concurrent validity analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between the Arabic NAS scores, RSOA (r =-.28, p < .001) and OPQOL-brief (r =-.41, p < .001) scores.
Conclusion
This study provides a valid and reliable tool to identify and evaluate older adults’ abuse and neglect in Arabic-speaking communities, supporting effective intervention and prevention efforts. It also facilitates cross-cultural comparisons of abuse and neglect rates, risk factors, and outcomes between Arabic-speaking community-dwelling older adults and other language groups, advancing the global understanding of this issue.
Development of a Controlled-Release Mosquito RNAi Yeast Larvicide Suitable for the Sustained Control of Large Water Storage Containers
Authors: Mysore Keshava , Oxley James D. , Duckham Craig , Castilla-Gutierrez Clarissa , Stewart Akilah T. M. , Winter Nikhella , Feng Rachel Shui , Singh Satish , James Lester D. , Mohammed Azad , Severson David W. , Duman-Scheel Molly
Published: July 2024

Large household water storage containers are among the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti, the primary mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral pathogens. Increasing concerns for insecticide resistance and larvicide safety are limiting the successful treatment of large household water storage containers, which are among the most productive habitats for Aedes juveniles. The recent development of species-specific RNAi-based yeast larvicides could help overcome these problems, particularly if shelf stable ready-to-use formulations with significant residual activity in water can be developed. Here we examine the hypothesis that development of a shelf-stable controlled-release RNAi yeast formulation can facilitate lasting control of A. aegypti juveniles in large water storage containers. In this study, a dried inactivated yeast was incorporated into a biodegradable matrix containing a mixture of polylactic acid, a preservative, and UV protectants. The formulation was prepared using food-grade level components to prevent toxicity to humans or other organisms. Both floating and sinking versions of the tablets were prepared for treatment of various sized water containers, including household water storage tank-sized containers. The tablets passed accelerated storage tests of shelf life stability and demonstrated up to six months residual activity in water. The yeast performed well in both small and large containers, including water barrels containing 20-1000 larvae each, and in outdoor barrel trials. Future studies will include the evaluation of the yeast larvicide in larger operational field trials that will further assess the potential for incorporating this new technology into integrated mosquito control programs worldwide.
Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging of Thoracoabdominal CTA on a Photon-Counting Detector CT: Assessment of Image Quality and Leveraging Low-keV Series for Salvaging Suboptimal Contrast Acquisitions
Authors: Rippel Katharina , Decker Josua A. , Luitjens Jan , Habeeballah Osama , Bette Stefanie , Braun Franziska , Kroencke Thomas J. , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To assess the possibility of image improvement of ECG-gated, high-pitch computed tomography angiography(CTA) of the thoracoabdominal aorta before transaortic valve replacement(TAVR) on a novel dual-source photon-counting detector CT(PCD-CT) in the setting of suboptimal low-contrast attenuation.
Methods
Continuous patients who underwent an ECG-gated, high-pitch CTA of the aorta on a PCD-CT with a contrast decrease of at least 50% between the ascending aorta and the common femoral arteries(CFA) were included. Patient characteristics were documented. Virtual monoenergetic imaging(VMI) reconstructions with three keV settings were generated. CT-values and noise were measured for five vascular segments of the aorta and the CFA. Signal-to-noise(SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios(CNR) were calculated. Two independent board-certified radiologists rated the images with the focus on vascular attenuation, vessel sharpness and image quality using a 5-point Likert scale.
Results
Fifty-five patients (mean age 77.4±8.5 years; 15 women) were included. The SNR was significantly higher at 40 and 45 keV VMI compared to reference 70 keV(p<.001 and p=.005, respectively). The same was shown for the CNR(p<.001 and p=.0049, respectively). Subjective image evaluation showed a significant increase in vessel attenuation in the lower keV reconstructions while the overall image quality decreased only slightly. Furthermore, 50%(8/16) of primarily non-diagnostic scans were considered diagnostic when using low keV reconstructions (p>.05).
Conclusion
ECG-gated CTA of the aorta in high-pitch mode on PCD-CT with suboptimal contrast enhancement at the level of the CFA can be salvaged by using low keV VMI. This implies the possibility of radiation dose reduction by eliminating the need for repeat scans.
Analysis of Public Perceptions on the use of Artificial Intelligence in Genomic Medicine
Authors: Harrison Jack E , Lynch Fiona , Stark Zornitza , Vears Danya F
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has led to the creation of large pools of genomic data with analysis rather than data generation now the limiting factor. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be required to optimize the benefits of these data, but little is known about how the public feels about the use of AI in genomics.
Methods
We conducted focus groups with members of the Australian public. Participants were recruited via social media advertisements. We explored potential uses of AI in genomic medicine, the benefits, risks, and the possible social implications of its use.
Results
Participants (n = 34) largely felt comfortable with AI analysing their own genomic data and generally agreed about its benefits. Concerns were raised over data security, the potential for misdiagnosis, and bias AI may perpetuate. Many participants wanted checking mechanisms for when results were generated using AI.
Conclusions
The insights gained from these discussions help to understand public concerns around the use of AI in genomic medicine. Our findings can help to inform both policies around genomic AI and how to educate the public on its use.
Misdiagnosis of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Miao Na , Qian Ping , He Weimin
Published: July 2024

Background
The sudden onset of painful diplopia necessitates careful consideration and diagnosis due to the extensive range of potential differential diagnoses. Patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) typically exhibit proptosis, eyelid edema, eyelid retraction, and lid lag, herein we report a case of TAO patient whose initial symptom was diplopia accompanied by pain; however, the absence of obvious eyelid signs led to an easily misdiagnosed condition.
Case presentation
A 42-year-old male patient presented to our neurology department with a four-month history of diplopia and eye pain. The diagnosis of TAO was made after a four-month period from the onset of diplopia. Local orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide and precision radiotherapy were administered to the patient. Following treatment, there was a significant improvement in subjective symptoms, including diplopia and pain; however, complete recovery of eye mobility was not achieved.
Conclusion
For patients presenting with diplopia as the initial symptom, even in the absence of evident TAO eyelid signs, it is crucial to obtain a comprehensive medical history and conduct thyroid function tests along with orbital enhanced MRI scans to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis. Accurate early-stage diagnosis enables targeted treatment interventions, thereby optimizing patient prognosis.
Left ventricular subclinical systolic myocardial dysfunction assessed by speckle-tracking in patients with Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Jin Jiewen , He Wei , Huang Rong , Zhang Pengyuan , He Xiaoying , Peng Yang , Liao Zhihong , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing , Li Hai
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel ultrasound technique, which can detect early subclinical myocardial dysfunction with high sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of speckle tracking echocardiography in the evaluation of subclinical myocardial injury in patients with Cushing’s syndrome.
Methods: 35 patients with Cushing’s syndrome and 29 healthy controls matched for age, sex, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were included in the study. All subjects was assessed using both conventional Doppler echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography. Among patients, they were further divided into inactive group (n=7) and active group (n=28) based on cortisol levels. Trend analysis was used among patients in different disease activity. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to explore influence factors related to subclinical myocardial dysfunction.
Results: Left ventricular ejection fraction value showed no statistical difference between patients
Cushing’s syndrome and control group. However, GLS and LVSD, increased significantly in Cushing’s syndrome group. Also, among active Cushing’s syndrome group, inactive Cushing’s syndrome group and control group, GLS (-15.4±3.0 vs -18.1±3.1 vs-19.4±2.4, P＜0001) and LVSD(48.9±21.5 vs 43.5±17.9 vs 28.5±8.3, P＜0001) decreased by the state of disease activity. In addition, GLS and LVSD were both linearly corrected with 24-hour urinary cortisol level.
Conclusion: GLS and LVSD are sensitive parameters in detecting and monitoring subclinical myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Myocardial injury is linearly correlated with cortisol level, which can be partially reversed after the biochemical control of cortisol.
Undergraduate Medical Student Attrition at Maseno University School of Medicine
Authors: Bitta Caesar , Ogot Valentine , Mwake Fatma , Okwaresi Madeline , Kwach Bowa , Otieno Tonny Javan , Chepkirui Faith , Ogendo Stephen
Published: July 2024

Background
Worldwide, admission into medical schools is highly competitive, and the training is very demanding. Despite having lower attrition rates than other university programmes, medical school attrition varies from as low as 3.8% to as high as 80%. Student attrition has several causes and also affects the students and other parties.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to determine the attrition rates for six cohorts of students who graduated from the medical school (2018-2023) and to study the perceptions of ongoing students on the causes and effects of attrition in the medical school.
Methodology
The study employed a cross-sectional mixed-methods design conducted from January to March 2024. Quantitative data included student admission dates, repeats, discontinuations, progression challenges, and graduation dates and were analysed using the R programme. The results were presented as incidence and attrition rates, displayed graphically using Kaplan-Meier curves, with statistical differences assessed via the Log-Rank test. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions with fourth to sixth-year students. These sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Results
The mean study duration in the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBChB) programme was 70.8 months (min 3, max 112), with an attrition of 25%. Attrition increase was statistically significant between subsequent graduating cohorts (Chi sq= 24.8, 5 degrees of freedom, p= 0.0004), and direct entry students had statistically higher attrition than self-sponsored students (Chi sq= 66.1 on 1 degree of freedom, p= 0.0016).
The students perceived academic difficulty, economic reasons and lack of social support as the top three causes of attrition. All indicated that the most significant effect of attrition was on the mental health of the affected student.
Conclusion
Student attrition at MSU is similar to other African medical schools, with a significant increase observed in our successive cohorts. Economic factors, programme difficulty, and lack of social support were cited as leading causes, aligning with global studies. Unique challenges at Maseno University School of Medicine include student accommodation during clinical years.
Prevalence and associated factors of a repeat of suicide attempt among individuals attending an emergency department in Oman.
Authors: AL-Huseini Salim , Maqbali Mundher Al , Mirza Hassan , Alkhatri Mahmood , Saadi Alkhatib Al , Chan Moon-Fai , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: July 2024

Background: This study aims to determine the rate of re-attempted suicide among individuals with a prior history of suicidal attempts. Additionally, it seeks to identify factors that could potentially predict future suicide re-attempts.
Methods: We retrospectively collected medical data on patients under 18 years of age who were admitted to our emergency department after attempting suicide. We evaluated the general characteristics of the patients. We divided them into two groups: patients who had made multiple suicide attempts and patients who attempted suicide for the first time. Logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results: A total of 154 patients who had previously attempted suicide and sought medical attention in the emergency department were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 55 individuals (35.7% of the participants) had a documented history of previous suicide attempts. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder were 4.5 times more likely to attempt another suicide compared to those without such a condition (OR = 4.534, p = 0.002). Similarly, patients with a history of illicit drug use were 3.26 times more likely to attempt suicide again than those who reported no substance use (OR = 3.264, p = 0.036).
Conclusion: Individuals with a history of suicide attempts are at increased risk of further attempts. This study found that around 36% of people who had previously attempted suicide attempted additional attempts during the study. Moreover, factors such as substance use and a background of psychiatric disorders can predict the likelihood of re-attempting suicide.
Achieving sub-milliSievert CT colonography for accurate colorectal tumor detection using smart examination protocols: a prospective self-controlled study
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Hu Mengting , Cheng Qiye , Wang Shigeng , Liu Yijun , Zhou Yujing , Li Jianying , Wei Wei
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To assess the feasibility of combining Auto-kVp selection technique, higher preset ASIR-V and noise index (NI) to realize individualized sub-mSv CT colonography (CTC) for accurate colorectal tumor detection and localization.
Methods
Ninety patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) were prospectively enrolled to undergo standard dose CTC (SDCTC) in the prone and ultra-low dose CTC (ULDCTC) in the supine position. SDCTC used 120 kVp, preset ASIR-V of 30%, SmartmA for a NI of 13; ULDCTC used Auto-kVp selection technique with 80 or 100 kVp, preset ASIR-V of 60%, SmartmA for a NI of 13 for 80 kVp, and NI of 15 for 100 kVp. The effective dose (ED), image quality [signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of colorectal neoplasms] between the two protocols were compared and the accuracies of tumor locations were evaluated for CTC in comparison with the surgery results.
Results
The mean ED of the 80 kVp subgroup was 0.70mSv, 71.43% lower than the 2.45mSv for the 120kVp group, while that of the 100 kVp subgroup was 0.98mSv, 73.00% lower than the 3.63mSv for the 120 kVp group (P < 0.001). The tumor SNR and CNR of the ULDCTC were higher than those of SDCTC (P < 0.05), while there was no difference in the subjective image quality between them with good inter-observer agreement (Kappa: 0.805–0.923). Both SDCTC and ULDCTC groups had high detection rate of colorectal tumors, along with good consistency in determining tumor location compared with surgery reports (Kappa: 0.718–0.989).
Conclusion
The combination of Auto-kVp selection, higher preset ASIR-V and NI achieves individualized sub-mSv CTC with good performance in detecting and locating CRC with surgery and consistent results between SDCTC and ULDCTC.
Spatialisation of Pressure in Protected Areas in Burkina Faso: Case of the Corridor 1 of the Po-Nazinga-Sissili (PONASI Ecological Complex
Authors: Gansaonré Raogo Noël
Published: July 2024

Burkina Faso's protected areas, particularly Corridor 1, are under heavy pressure, resulting in the degradation of these protected areas. Despite the efforts made in the field by the government and its partners, the results are still mixed. Several studies have analysed changes in vegetation cover and the landscape but have failed to examine the spatial behaviour of the factors responsible for the degradation of protected areas. The aim of this research project is to fill this gap by describing changes in vegetation cover and identifying and mapping the factors that exert pressure and their impact on corridor 1 of the Po-Nazinga-Sissili ecological complex. The methodology implemented is based on a hierarchical multi-criterion analysis using geographic information system tools. Land uses data from 2010 and 2020 and data on the location of offences in the corridor were used. Documentary research was also carried out to characterise the pressure factors. The results show, firstly, that the vegetation cover has been declining, with a 14.2% reduction in shrub savannah, while the area of fields has increased by 59.4% in 10 years. Secondly, a multi-criterion analysis was used to identify areas of pressure to the south of the corridor and near the villages of Sarro and Oualem. Finally, the mapping of the corridor's vulnerability shows that these areas are subject to strong pressure and are experiencing significant degradation of the plant cover. The results show that the degradation of Corridor 1 and the protected areas of Burkina Faso is essentially due to human action.
Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Chen Xiaoyu , Qiu Jianhua , Chen Mengqi , Zhang Bohai , Wu Zhiyong
Published: July 2024

Transition-metal-catalyzed selective hydroarylation of alkynes represents a state-of-the-art approach in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the reaction of symmetrical 1,3-diynes and arylboronic acids, with Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and PCy3 as the ligand, affording functionalized enynes in good to excellent yields. Its efficiency is demonstrated by its good functional groups and broad substrate scope. This method offers a general, convenient, and practical strategy for the modular synthesis of multisubstituted enynes. To comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of the Pd-based catalytic system in the hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes, we performed detailed DFT computations for the Pd-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction.
An assembly position simulation method for aircraft virtual assembly analysis
Authors: Wang Shuchun , Peng Yun , Ma Zheming , Hou Guoyi , Li shuanggao , Huang Xiang
Published: July 2024

The new generation of aircraft has put forward higher requirements for assembly quality and assembly efficiency. The traditional on-site "test-fit-repair-fit" method is highly dependent on

manual labor, and there are problems of low assembly quality and assembly efficiency; on the other hand, the virtual assembly simulation technology based on the theoretical model has problems such as "imitation but not true". On the other hand, the virtual assembly simulation technology based on theoretical model has the problem of "imitation but not real". Therefore, this paper proposes an assembly position simulation method based on the virtual assembly analysis technology based on the measured model. Firstly, a feature reconstruction method based on NURBS algorithm is introduced to reconstruct the aircraft assembly features with high accuracy; secondly, Monte Carlo method is used to sample the assembly position of the parts for simulation, and the uncertainty model of the monitoring feature position is constructed. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by designing and manufacturing test pieces, which proves the real effectiveness of the feature reconstruction algorithm and the assembly simulation method.
OptAB - an optimal antibiotic selection framework for Sepsis patients using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kschischo Maik , Wendland Philipp , Schenkel-Häger Christof , Wenningmann Ingobert
Published: July 2024

In this work we present OptAB, the first completely data-driven online-updateable antibiotic selection model based on Artificial Intelligence for Sepsis patients accounting for side-effects. OptAB performs an iterative optimal antibiotic selection for real-world Sepsis patients focussing on minimizing the Sepsis-related organ failure score (SOFA-Score) as treatment success while accounting for nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as serious antibiotic side-effects. OptAB provides disease progression forecasts for (combinations of) the antibiotics Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone and Piperacillin/Tazobactam and learns realistic treatment influences on the SOFA-Score and the laboratory values creatinine, bilirubin total and alanine-transaminase indicating possible side-effects. OptAB is based on a hybrid neural network differential equation algorithm and can handle the special characteristics of patient data including irregular measurements, a large amount of missing values and time-dependent confounding. OptAB’s selected optimal antibiotics exhibit faster efficacy than the administered antibiotics.
The effects of laughter on attention focusing and psychological stress in healthy older adults: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial using a comic video intervention
Authors: Yamakoshi Tatsuya , Sakamoto Ryo , Fukuda Takafumi , Kanatome Ayana , Koyama Atsuko , Ano Yasuhisa
Published: July 2024

Background
Disorders associated with mental health significantly impact disability-adjusted life year values and represent a social problem in stressed societies. Worsening mental health also affects cognitive functions and quality of life. To address these issues, increasing attention is attracted to preventive measures vis-à-vis mental and brain health in daily life. Therefore, growing interest in care using laughter has recently been noted. This study was designed to assess the effects of a short-term laughter-based intervention on the mental health and cognitive functions of middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
The study applied a single-blind, crossover-controlled trial design. Cognitive tasks were performed after participants viewed a video clip of approximately four minutes (humor or control video) and the resulting scores were treated as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, heart rate variability, subjective mood state assessment, and salivary stress biomarkers.
Results
The study was conducted on 25 healthy Japanese-speaking adults aged 40 to 65 years. Results revealed a significant increase in digit vigilance scores and in comparison to viewing the control video, participants evinced a trend toward an increase in serial 7 subtraction scores after viewing the humor video. No significant differences were found in scores on other cognitive tasks. The cerebral blood flow was also significantly higher in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks performed after participants viewed the humor video compared to the control video. The outcomes of heart rate variability, subjective mood state assessment, and salivary stress markers also suggested that the humor video intervention could subsequently contribute to the activation of parasympathetic activity and reduce psychological stress levels induced by the cognitive tasks.
Conclusions
The study outcomes indicated that interventions using short humor videos can improve attention focus and may help to reduce psychological stress levels. These results support the clinical benefits of humor, which could be utilized as a simple and non-invasive approach to promoting the health of middle-aged and older adults.
Trial registration
The study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) database (Registration No. UMIN000043332||http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/) on 15/02/2021.
Identification and analysis of drought-responsive F-box genes in upland rice and involvement of OsFBX148 in ABA response and ROS accumulation
Authors: Wang Yifan , Chen Fang , Chen Yuyang , Ren Kaiwen , Zhao Dan , Li Kun , Li Haipeng , Wan Xiaobin , Peng Mu , Xiang Zhixin , Tang Qiaoyu , Hou Zhi , Fang Qing , Zhou Yifeng , Lu Yanke
Published: July 2024

Background: Upland rice varieties exhibit significant genetic diversity and broad environmental adaptability, making them ideal candidates for identifying consistently expressed stress-responsive genes. F-box proteins typically function as part of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes to precisely regulate gene expression and protein level, playing essential roles in the modulation of abiotic stress responses. Therefore, utilizing upland rice varieties for screening stress-responsive F-box genes is a highly advantageous approach.
Results: Through mRNA-seq analysis in the Brazilian upland rice (cv. IAPAR9), the research identified 29 drought-responsive F-box genes. Gene distribution and duplication analysis revealed these genes are distributed on 11 of the 12 chromosomes and 10 collinear gene pairs were identified on different chromosomes. 13 cis-elements or binding sites were identified in the promoters of the 29 drought-responsive F-box genes. These F-box proteins possess F-box domain and several other domains, and they are mostly unstable proteins with subcellular localization in cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Most of drought-responsive F-box genes exhibited expression in various tissues such as root, stem, leaf, leaf sheath and panicle except for OsFBO10 and OsFBX283. These genes exhibited various responses to abiotic stresses such as osmotic, cold, heat, and salt stresses, along with ABA treatment. Importantly, a frame-shift mutation in OsFBX148 was created in the ZH11 variety, leading to altered ABA signal transduction and ROS accumulation. The study further elucidated the interaction of OsFBX148 with SKP1 family proteins OSK4/7/17 to form the SCF complex, dependent on the F-box domain.
Conclusions:The research identified and analyzed 29 drought-responsive F-box genes in upland rice and provides valuable insights into the role of OsFBX148 in ABA and ROS responses. It establishes a basis for future exploration of F-box genes in improving resistance to abiotic stresses, especially drought.
Semantic content affects crossmodal integration in audiovisual movieclips
Authors: Kesoglou Anastasia Maria , Mikellidou Kyriaki
Published: July 2024

Semantic content affects crossmodal perceptual integration. To date, research focusing on this effect has not investigated in depth real-world aspects, such as language. The present study is the first to investigate how parts of speech affect crossmodal integration using audiovisual movieclips, comprising actions and auditory three-word sentences. We introduce for the first time target nouns (Experiment 1) and target verbs (Experiment 2), as well as target-absent trials where a target-related verb or noun is always presented through one sense (incongruent movieclips), or both senses (congruent movieclips). Performance was superior in incongruent target-related movieclips, and significantly deteriorated in congruent target-related movieclips. Analysis of the grammatical category of target-related information led to different results between the two experiments, showing that different parts of speech can influence crossmodal integration differently. We demonstrate the significant role of semantic complexity, and the valence of cognitive schemata linked with verbs on crossmodal perceptual confusion.
Operation of a plasma thruster featuring a 1.1 T high temperature superconducting magnet
Authors: Acheson Chris R. , Kinefuchi Kiyoshi , Ichihara Daisuke , Maeshima Daiki , Mori Ryoyu , Nakano Ryota , Takagi Ryohei , Bouloukakis Konstantinos , Glowacki Jakub , Goddard-Winchester Max , Long Nicholas J. , Olatunji Jamal R. , Pavri Betina , Pollock Randy , Shellard Cameron , Strickland Nick M. , Wimbush Stuart
Published: July 2024

Increasingly ambitious space missions rely upon the advancement of propulsion systems, and innovations in electric propulsion represent a vital step toward potential solutions. Electric propulsion research has indicated improved thruster performance at higher magnetic fields, but real-world implementations have been encumbered by available magnet technology. In this study, a new class of superconducting magnet designed for such space applications is demonstrated. A central cathode electrostatic thruster was paired with a conduction cooled high temperature superconducting magnet operated in non-pulsed mode. Using Xe propellant, thrust of 38--73 mN was measured at a central bore magnetic field of 1.13 T and on-anode field of 1.28 T, and the thruster's specific impulse was throttled between 1050s and 1450s. The peak thruster efficiency was 18.7%, inclusive of the power consumption of the magnet subsystems. This was performed without the onset of plasma instabilities, and is the first case in the literature of a high temperature superconducting plasma thruster operating at > 1 T.
Long-Term Survival of Canadian Liver Transplant Recipients Remains Stagnant; a cohort study on the evolution of cause-specific mortality.
Authors: Zhao Xun , Xu Chaoqun , Bera Chinmay , Arisar Fakhar Ali Qazi , Naghibzadeh Maryam , Azhie Amirhossein , Chen Shiyi , Xu Wei , Selzner Nazia , Tsien Cynthia , Lilly Leslie , Jaeckel Elmar , Bhat Mamatha
Published: July 2024

Objective
Recent U.S. registry publications showed no improvement in long term survival post-liver transplant in the last three decades. Cardiovascular disease was a leading cause of post-transplant mortality. This observation urged us to assess the trend in long-term survival of Canadian liver transplant recipients (LTR) in comparison to other countries, and examine trends in cause-specific mortality.
Methods
Consecutive adult subjects seen at the liver transplant centre between September 1984 to December 2020 at the University Health Network (UHN) in Toronto, Canada, were reviewed. The study period was divided into seven 5-year eras. Comparisons between eras were made to assess trend over time. Cause specific mortality were studied up to 10 years post-transplant.
Results
In total, 2,972 subjects were included. Overall, no significant improvement in long-term survival was observed over the seven eras. No significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular, malignancy, or infection-related mortality was observed across the eras. Significant improvements were observed in graft-failure related mortality. Compared to the age and sex matched general population, LTRs demonstrated a significantly higher mortality and shorter life expectancy.
Conclusion
Advances in transplant medicine over the last 35 years translated into a decrease in graft-related mortality. However, overall, there was no significant change in long-term survival considering all causes. Despite advances in post-transplant management, it has not led to a decrease in cardiovascular, malignancy or infection-related mortality in transplant recipients. Further research is warranted on the cause of stagnation in these areas and improving long-term post-transplant outcomes.
Pilot Introduction of long-lasting bednets and hammock nets in the Indigenous Comarca of Guna Yala, Panama
Authors: Gonzalez Oscar , Perez Carmen , Blanco Tania , Ayarza Cipriano , Chérigo Santiago , Ávila Mario , Montoya Lucía Fernández , Presley Nicholas , Espinosa Bernardo García , Mosquera Mariela
Published: July 2024

Background: After almost 70 years of using indoor residual spraying (IRS) as the primary intervention for malaria vector control, the Republic of Panama wanted to evaluate the operational feasibility, acceptability, and performance of distributing long-lasting insecticide-treated hammock nets (LLIHNs) and bed nets (LLIBNs) in the country.
Methods: A pilot study conducted in 2019 distributed LLIBNs and LLIHNs to cover all sleeping spaces in 15 high localities of the indigenous Comarca of Guna Yala and measured retention, coverage, use and physical deterioration, washing and drying practices, as well as people’s satisfaction with product characteristics post-distribution.
Results: Overall, 89.9% of enumerated sleeping spaces were covered during the campaign. Monitoring post-distribution showed that 82.7% of the population received messages about the campaign before it happened and 92.4% claimed to know the purpose of the net and how to care for and repair it. Adverse reactions to the LLINs were reported by 38.4% of the households. Two years after distribution, 86.3% of the LLINs were retained. Use was very high right after distribution (85%) but decreased to 57% six months after distribution and to 38% two years after distribution. The main reason for not using the LLINs was the reported absence of mosquitoes. Throughout the two years post-distribution, LLINs were preserved in good physical condition (4% torn), very few were washed with aggressive products (9%) or dried under the sun (15%), and LLINs were washed on average a bit less than once every two months. The average number of people per sleeping space was 1.34.
Conclusion: The LLIN distribution was operationally feasible. LLINs were initially well-accepted and cared for by these communities after distribution but use decreased drastically over the two years of follow-up. Further investigation into the reasons for low LLINs and corresponding tailored behavioral change efforts will be needed to ensure high LLIN use in these communities.