bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Chen Dejian , Pan Yiming , Mo Yimei , Lai Biyu , Chen Huiguang , Zhang Da-wei , Xia Xiao-dan
Published: November 2024

OMA1 is an ATP-independent zinc metalloprotease essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Depending on the type of cancer, a decrease in OMA1 expression has been linked to a varying prognosis for patients. The role of OMA1 in human osteosarcoma (OS), one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors, remains elusive. Here, we observed elevated OMA1 expression in OS tumor tissues from four patients with advanced OS. Knockout of OMA1 in OS cells significantly reduces OS tumor weight and size, and lung metastatic nodules in BALB/c nude mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a significant decrease in Ki67 and an increase in Cleaved-caspase 3 in OMA1 knockout tumor samples. Mechanistically, we found that OMA1 deficiency increases the levels of PINK1 and Parkin and consequently induces excessive mitophagy, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation and invasion in OS cells. Specifically, OMA1 deficiency reduces the amount of cytosolic p53 and p53-associated cytosolic Parkin but increases mitochondrial p53, which may lead to enhanced apoptosis. Regarding the effect on cell proliferation and invasion, loss of OMA1 reduces mitochondrial ROS levels and increases cytosolic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) levels, thereby increasing interaction between GSK3β and β-catenin and then reducing cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. This contributes to reduced cell proliferation and migration in OMA1-deficient cells. Moreover, we found that ciclopirox (CPX), an antifungal drug, induces OMA1 self-cleavage and L-OMA1 degradation in cultured OS cells. CPX also reduces tumor development of control OS cells but not OMA1-deficient OS cells in mice. These findings strongly support the important role of OMA1 in OS tumorigenesis and suggest that OMA1 may be a valuable prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target for OS.
Non-Amontons frictional behaviors of grain boundaries at layered material interfaces
Authors: Song Yiming , Gao Xiang , Pawlak Rémy , Huang Shuyu , Hinaut Antoine , Glatzel Thilo , Hod Oded , Urbakh Michael , Meyer Ernst
Published: November 2024

Against conventional wisdom, corrugated grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene, grown on Pt(111) surfaces, are shown to exhibit negative friction coefficients and non-monotonic velocity dependence. Using combined experimental, simulation, and modeling efforts, the underlying energy dissipation mechanism is found to be dominated by dynamic buckling of grain boundary dislocation protrusions. The revealed mechanism is expected to appear in a wide range of polycrystalline two-dimensional material interfaces, thus supporting the design of large-scale dry superlubric contacts.
A Catalogue of Structural Variation across Ancestrally Diverse Asian Genomes
Authors: Tan Joanna Hui Juan , Li Zhihui , Porta Mar Gonzalez , Rajaby Ramesh , Lim Weng Khong , Tan Ye An , Jimenez Rodrigo Toro , Teo Renyi , Hebrard Maxime , Ow Jack Ling , Ang Shimin , Jeyakani Justin , Chong Yap Seng , Lim Tock Han , Goh Liuh Ling , Tham Yih Chung , Leong Khai Pang , Chin Calvin Woon Loong ,   SG10K_Health Consortium, Yeo Khung Keong , Cook Stuart Alexander , Pua Chee Jian , Yang Chengxi , Wong Tien Yin , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Raghavan Lavanya , Aung Tin , Chee Miao Ling , Chee Miao Li , Li Hengtong , Lee Jimmy , Lee Eng Sing , Ngeow Joanne , Eillot Paul , Riboli Elio , Ng Hong Kiat , Mina Theresia , Tay Darwin , Sadhu Nilanjana , Jain Pritesh Rajesh , Low Dorrain , Wang Xiaoyan , Chai Jin Fang , Van Dam Rob M. , Teo Yik Ying , Lim Chia Wei , Tsai Pi Kuang , Chew Wen Jie , Sim Wey Ching , Toh Li-xian Grace , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Gluckman Peter D. , Lee Yung Seng , Yap Fabian , Tan Kok Hian , Davila Sonia , Karnani Neerja , Cheng Ching-Yu , Chambers John , Tai E. Shyong , Liu Jianjun , Sim Xueling , Sung Wing Kin , Prabhakar Shyam , Tan Patrick , Bertin Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Structural variants (SVs) are significant contributors to inter-individual genetic variation associated with traits and diseases. Current SV studies using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have a largely Eurocentric composition, with little known about SV diversity in other ancestries, particularly from Asia. Here, we present a WGS catalogue of 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans of East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian ancestries, of which ~65% (47,770 SVs) are novel. We show that Asian populations can be stratified by their global SV patterns and identified 42,239 novel SVs that are specific to Asian populations. 52% of these novel SVs are restricted to one of the three major ancestry groups studied (Indian, Chinese or Malay). We uncovered SVs affecting major clinically actionable loci. Lastly, by identifying SVs in linkage disequilibrium with single-nucleotide variants, we demonstrate the utility of our SV catalogue in the fine-mapping of Asian GWAS variants and identification of potential causative variants. These results augment our knowledge of structural variation across human populations, thereby reducing current ancestry biases in global references of genetic variation afflicting equity, diversity and inclusion in genetic research.
A comprehensive comparison of tools for fitting mutational signatures
Authors: Medo Matúš , Ng Charlotte K. Y. , Medová Michaela
Published: November 2024

Mutational signatures connect characteristic mutational patterns in the genome with biological or chemical processes that take place in cancers. Analysis of mutational signatures can help elucidate tumor evolution, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Although tools for extracting mutational signatures de novo have been extensively benchmarked, a similar effort is lacking for tools that fit known mutational signatures to a given catalog of mutations. We fill this gap by comprehensively evaluating twelve signature fitting tools on synthetic mutational catalogs with empirically driven signature weights corresponding to eight cancer types. On average, SigProfilerSingleSample and SigProfilerAssignment/MuSiCal perform best for small and large numbers of mutations per sample, respectively. We further show that ad hoc constraining the list of reference signatures is likely to produce inferior results. Evaluation of real mutational catalogs suggests that the activity of signatures that are absent in the reference catalog poses considerable problems to all evaluated tools.
Qubit teleportation between a memory-compatible photonic time-bin qubit and a solid-state quantum network node
Authors: Iuliano Mariagrazia , Slater Marie-Christine , Stolk Arian J. , Weaver Matthew J. , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Loukiantchenko Elsie , do Amaral Gustavo C. , Alfasi Nir , Sholkina Mariya O. , Tittel Wolfgang , Hanson Ronald
Published: November 2024

We report on a quantum interface linking a diamond NV center quantum network node and 795nm photonic time-bin qubits compatible with Thulium and Rubidium quantum memories. The interface makes use of two-stage low-noise quantum frequency conversion and waveform shaping to match temporal and spectral photon profiles. Two-photon quantum interference shows high indistinguishability between converted 795nm photons and the native NV center photons. We use the interface to demonstrate quantum teleportation including real-time feedforward from an unbiased set of 795nm photonic qubit input states to the NV center spin qubit, achieving a teleportation fidelity well above the classical bound. This proof-of-concept experiment shows the feasibility of interconnecting different quantum network hardware.
Hybrid modeling approaches for agricultural commodity prices using CEEMDAN and time delay neural networks
Authors: Pandit Pramit , Sagar Atish , Ghose Bikramjeet , Paul Moumita , Kisi Ozgur , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Mansour Lamjed , Yadav Krishna Kumar
Published: November 2024

Improving the forecasting accuracy of agricultural commodity prices is critical for many stakeholders namely, farmers, traders, exporters, governments, and all other partners in the price channel, to evade risks and enable appropriate policy interventions. However, the traditional mono-scale smoothing techniques often fail to capture the non-stationary and non-linear features due to their multifarious structure. This study has proposed a CEEMDAN (Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise)-TDNN (Time Delay Neural Network) model for forecasting non-linear, non-stationary agricultural price series. This study has evaluated its suitability in comparison with the other three major EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) variants (EMD, Ensemble EMD and Complementary Ensemble EMD) and the benchmark (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Non-linear Support Vector Regression, Gradient Boosting Machine, Random Forest and TDNN) models using monthly wholesale prices of major oilseed crops in India. Outcomes from this investigation reflect that the CEEMDAN-TDNN hybrid models have outperformed all other forecasting models on the basis of evaluation metrics under consideration. For the proposed model, an average improvement of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), Relative RMSE and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) values has been observed to be 20.04%, 19.94% and 27.80%, respectively over the other EMD variant-based counterparts and 57.66%, 48.37% and 62.37%, respectively over the other benchmark stochastic and machine learning models. The CEEMD-TDNN and CEEMDAN-TDNN models have demonstrated superior performance in predicting the directional changes of monthly price series compared to other models. Additionally, the accuracy of forecasts generated by all models has been assessed using the Diebold-Mariano test, the Friedman test, and the Taylor diagram. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid model has outperformed the alternative models, providing a distinct advantage.
Novel optical optode for selective detection and removal of ultra-trace level of mercury ions in different environmental real samples
Authors: Dayra Hager A. , Abdelaal Magdy Y. , Khalifa Magdi E. , Abdallah A. B.
Published: November 2024

Owing to the high cost and unavailability of different analytical techniques, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques not only for detecting but also removing mercury ions in real samples. Thus, an optical chemical sensor based on the anchoring of phenanthraquinone monophenylthiosemicarbazone in a plasticized cellulose triacetate membrane was fabricated and applied to the recognition and removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions. The synthesized optode was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, AFM, and thermal analysis. Several parameters, including the pH, temperature, contact time, washing solvent, and washing time, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, a promising optode film platform was utilized for sensing mercury ions, and the concentrations were calculated based on colorimetric analysis (Histogram, RGB) of digital images, visualization, and spectrophotometry. Also, an optical optode was used for complete adsorption of mercury ions from aqueous solutions. In addition, the regeneration of the synthesized optode was evaluated using 0.1 mol L− 1 nitric acid, which effectively removed all adsorbed mercury ions. The obtained data indicated good linearity in the sensing and adsorption of Hg2+ over a concentration range of 0.005–5000 µgL− 1 with a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.066 µgL− 1) and limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.22 µgL− 1). Furthermore, it showed good distinctions in the presence of coexisting ions, high stability (five months), good applicability, and reproducibility (RSD = 1.31%), making it a promising sensor for Hg2+ detection. On the other hand, the kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order was the best model for describing the adsorption behavior of mercury ions on the optode surface. Also, the thermodynamic parameters indicate spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0) and endothermic (ΔH0 < 0) reactions. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 73.2 mg g− 1. Thus, the optodes were successfully applied for the detection and/or removal of Hg2+ in different real samples, including cucumber, fish, soil, and water samples, with excellent recoveries of 98.1–99.5%.
Effects of miR-204-5p modulation on PAX6 regulation and corneal inflammation
Authors: Abbasi Mojdeh , Amini Maryam , Moustardas Petros , Gutsmiedl Quirin , Javidjam Dina , Suiwal Shweta , Seitz Berthold , Fries Fabian N. , Dashti Ava , Rautavaara Yedizza , Stachon Tanja , Szentmáry Nóra , Lagali Neil
Published: November 2024

Congenital aniridia is a rare eye disease characterized by loss of PAX6 protein leading to aniridia-associated keratopathy that significantly reduces vision. The miR-204-5p is a possible regulator of PAX6 function and here we evaluate its effect in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, miR-204-5p overexpression suppressed vascular factor ANGPT1 in human limbal stem cells (T-LSC) and Pax6-knockdown LSC (mut-LSC), and in primary human limbal epithelial cells (LEC) at the gene and protein levels and following LPS stimulation. However, miR-204-5p inhibited VEGFA expression only in mut-LSCs and LPS-stimulated LEC. Also, miR-204-5p increased PAX6 expression in mut-LSC and differentiated corneal epithelial cells, but not in LEC. Topical miR-204-5p after LPS-induced keratitis in mice failed to suppress Vegfa, Angpt1, Il-1β, and Tnf-α or rescue Pax6 levels in contrast to in vitro results, although it significantly reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the cornea. In Pax6Sey/+ aniridia mice, miR-204-5p did not rescue PAX6 levels or suppress Vegfa, Angpt1, or inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway. While short-term miR-204-5p treatment effectively suppresses VEGFA and ANGPT1 and enhances PAX6 expression in multiple corneal epithelia, effects are variable across primary and immortalized cells. Effects of longer-term in vivo treatment, however, require further study.
Optomechanical motions of gold dimer’s spin, rotation and revolution manipulated by bessel beam
Authors: Liu Chao-Kang , Ku Yun-Cheng , Kuo Mao-Kuen , Liaw Jiunn-Woei
Published: November 2024

The optomechanical motion of a gold nanoparticle (GNP) dimer—a pair of optically bound GNPs—in fluid, manipulated by a Bessel beam, is theoretically studied using the multiple multipole (MMP) method. Since a Bessel beam possesses orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) simultaneously, complicated rigid-body motions of the dimer can be induced. The mechanism involves the equilibrium between the optical force with the reactive drag force exerted by the fluid. Our results demonstrate that the dimer rotates around its center of mass (COM), while the COM performs an orbital revolution around the optical axis. Additionally, each individual GNP undergoes spinning. The directions of the GNPs’ spin and the orbital revolution of COM depend on the handedness and the order (topological charge) of Bessel beam, respectively. Nevertheless, the rotation direction of the dimer depends on the size of GNP. In the case of a smaller dimer, the direction of dimer’s rotation with respect to the COM is consistent with the handedness of the light. Conversely, a larger dimer performs a reverse rotation, accompanied by a precession during the orbital revolution. There are multiple turning points in the radius of the GNP for the alternating rotation of the dimer caused by positive or negative optical torque. Our finding may provide an insight to the optomechanical manipulation of optical vortexes on the motions of GNP clusters.
Affine transform representation for reducing calibration cost on absorption-based LWIR depth sensing
Authors: Kushida Takahiro , Nakamura Ryutaro , Matsuda Hiroaki , Chen Wenhao , Tanaka Kenichiro
Published: November 2024

Multispectral long-wave infrared (LWIR) ranging is a technique that estimates the distance to the object based on wavelength-dependent absorption of LWIR light through the air. Prior works require time-consuming measurements for calibration and solve non-linear inverse problems, which sometimes falls into a local minimum. In this paper, we propose a linear representation that connects the measurements and the scene parameters using the affine matrix. In this representation, the distance and the temperature of the object can be obtained as a closed-form solution and the calibration cost can be reduced to at least three observations. In real-world experiments, we demonstrate that our method is effective to reduce the calibration cost while keeping the precision of the depth estimation.
Environmental challenge trials induce a biofluorescent response in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
Authors: Juhasz-Dora Thomas , Lindberg Stein-Kato , James Philip , Evensen Tor , Ortega Samuel
Published: November 2024

Stress in sea urchins leads to high mortality and economic losses in both the environment and aquaculture. The green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis has been documented emitting complex biofluorescence, yet how this responds to external stressors is unknown. Adult sea urchins (n = 210) were divided between control (n = 30) and experimental groups (n = 180), using three transport variables: out of water, in water at elevated temperatures, (warm-water) and in water at seawater temperature (cold-water). Hyperspectral imaging of external fluorescence and fluorospectrometric analysis on coelomic fluid was measured at five intervals (hour 0,3,6,9,12). External green emissions (∼580 nm) responded to all treatments, peaking at h9. External red emissions (∼680–730 nm) in the cold-water remained low until an h9 peak. The warm water increased emissions at each interval, peaking at h9. The out of water gradually increased, with the highest at h12. The coelomic fluid fluorescence (∼680 nm) was low to nonexistent except in warm-water, whose elevated levels suggest that fluorescent emissions are a measurable byproduct of internal adaptation(s) to stress. Early detection of fluorescent emissions (broken spines, lesions) may prevent economic losses. The observed link between fluorescence and the applied stressors provides a baseline for developing non-invasive technology for improving echinoderm welfare.
Optimization of curdlan production and ultrasound assisted extraction processes from Priestia megaterium
Authors: Aquinas Natasha , Ramananda Bhat M. , Selvaraj Subbalaxmi
Published: November 2024

In this study, the upstream and downstream production processes of curdlan from Priestia megaterium were optimized to enhance its yield. Additionally, a novel extraction method was developed for curdlan recovery. Optimization studies were conducted using Central composite design (CCD). Curdlan yield improved from 0.15 g/L (unoptimized) to 0.46 g/L (3-fold increase) when fermentation was carried out in CCD-optimized media of (w/v) sucrose 20%, urea 0.1%, KH2PO4 0.02%, agitation speed 250 rpm. To further enhance curdlan yield during extraction, ultrasonication was incorporated as a novel step into the conventional method of acid/alkali-assisted curdlan recovery. A two-step optimization was chosen for extraction, namely, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and CCD, wherein the optimized extraction parameters were determined to be 25 s sonication, 1 N NaOH, and 2 h solubilization time. The curdlan yield improved by 1.5-fold (0.70 g/L) post optimization, in comparison with unoptimized conventional extraction step. Finally, the biopolymer was validated through characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) which showed characteristic curdlan spectra in the13C and1H NMR studies. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first documented report on curdlan extraction using this novel method of ultrasonication.
Neurotrophic and synaptic effects of GnRH and/or GH upon motor function after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Martínez-Moreno C. G. , Calderón-Vallejo D. , Díaz-Galindo C. , Hernández-Jasso I. , Olivares-Hernández J. D. , Ávila-Mendoza J. , Epardo D. , Balderas-Márquez J. E. , Urban-Sosa V. A. , Baltazar-Lara R. , Carranza M. , Luna M. , Arámburo C. , Quintanar J. L.
Published: November 2024

Thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) profoundly impairs motor and sensory functions, significantly reducing life quality without currently available effective treatments for neuroprotection or full functional regeneration. This study investigated the neurotrophic and synaptic recovery potential of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and growth hormone (GH) treatments in ovariectomized rats subjected to thoracic SCI. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, we evaluated the effects of these hormones upon gene expression of classical neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, and NT3) as well as indicative markers of synaptic function (Nlgn1, Nxn1, SNAP25, SYP, and syntaxin-1), together with morphological assessments of myelin sheath integrity (Klüver-Barrera staining and MBP immunoreactivity) and synaptogenic proteins (PSD95, SYP) by immunohystochemistry (IHC) , and also on the neuromotor functional recovery of hindlimbs in the lesioned animals. Results demonstrated that chronic administration of GnRH and GH induced notable upregulation in the expression of several neurotrophic and synaptogenic activity genes. Additionally, the treatment showed a significant impact on the restoration of functional synaptic markers and myelin integrity. Intriguingly, while individual GnRH application induced certain recovery benefits, the combined treatment with GH appeared to inhibit neuromotor recovery, suggesting a complex interplay in hormonal regulation post-SCI. GnRH and GH are bioactive and participate in modulating neurotrophic responses and synaptic restoration under neural damage conditions, offering insights into novel therapeutic approaches for SCI. However, the intricate effects of combined hormonal treatment accentuate the necessity for further investigation that conduce to optimal and novel therapeutic strategies for patients with spinal cord lesions.
A novel proxy for energy flux in multi-era wildfire reconstruction
Authors: Theurer Thomas , Mauquoy Dmitri , Hadden Rory , Muirhead David , Campbell-Lochrie Zakary , Córdoba Sergio Vargas , von Scheffer Clemens , Coathup Daniel Thomas
Published: November 2024

Escalations in wildfire activity are of significant global concern, particularly within vulnerable wetland ecosystems integral to natural carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Our understanding and management of future wildfire activity may be better contextualised through the study of historic and ancient fire records, independent of human influence. Methods of study include ‘geothermometry’ - approximating ancient fire intensity from temperature-dependent changes in the chemistry of fossil charcoal. Though well established in their relation to experimental charcoalification, these methods still fail to quantify the true intensity of ancient fires, as a measure of energy release. As a result, their applicability, and contributions to the characterisation of modern fire activity, remain uncertain. Here, we present a novel measure of wildfire energy release, as a proxy for true intensity, through the co-application of cone calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy of charcoal. By applying a range of wildfire heat fluxes to variable peatland fuel mixes, this research demonstrates the complexity in correlating fire behaviour and charcoal microstructure. Further statistical analyses suggest a correlation between spectroscopic results, measures of CO and CO2 release, and fire severity. This offers a principal measure of ancient wildfire intensity, consistent with modern practices in wildfire modelling, monitoring, and management.
Catastrophic impact of extreme 2019 Indonesian peatland fires on urban air quality and health
Authors: Grosvenor Mark J. , Ardiyani Vissia , Wooster Martin J. , Gillott Stefan , Green David C. , Lestari Puji , Suri Wiranda
Published: November 2024

Tropical peatland fires generate substantial quantities of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and in Indonesia are intensified during El Niño-related drought leading to severe air quality impacts affecting local and distant populations. Limited in-situ data often necessitates reliance on air quality models, like that of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, whose accuracy in extreme conditions is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate how a network of low-cost sensors around Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan during the 2019 fire season, quantified extreme air quality and city-scale variability. The data indicates relatively strong model performance. Health impacts are substantial with estimates of over 1200 excess deaths in the Palangka Raya region, over 3200 across Central Kalimantan and more than 87,000 nationwide in 2019 due to fire-induced PM2.5 exposure. These findings highlight the need for urgent action to mitigate extreme fire events, including reducing fire use and landscape remediation to prevent peat fire ignition.
Increase in insurance losses caused by North Atlantic hurricanes in a warmer climate
Authors: Comola Francesco , Märtl Bernhard , Paul Hilary , Bruns Christian , Sapelza Klaus
Published: November 2024

North Atlantic hurricanes are a major driver of property losses in the United States and a critical peril for the reinsurance industry globally. We leverage insurance loss data and stochastic modeling to investigate the impacts of projected changes in hurricane climatology on the insurance industry, for  +2 °C and  +4 °C warming scenarios. We find that, relative to the historical baseline 1950-2022, expected changes in wind speed and rainfall may increase hurricane losses by 5% −15% (+2 °C) and 10% − 30% (+4 °C), with greater impacts at lower return periods than in the tail. The historical 100-year loss event may therefore be exceeded on average every 80 years (+2 °C) and 70 years (+4 °C). The expected changes in average annual loss are projected to be 10% (+2 °C) and 15% (+4 °C), with the largest relative increase attributable to precipitation-induced losses. Under the extreme SSP5-8.5 scenario, the expected loss inflation due to climate change is thus on the order of 0.5% per annum.
The interrupted modern energy transition to LPG and the charcoal renaissance in urban Senegal
Authors: Rose Julian , Ankel-Peters Jörg , Hodel Hanna , Sall Medoune , Bensch Gunther
Published: November 2024

Fossil fuel subsidy removal may hinder access to clean fuels like LPG. Our analysis of urban Senegal shows that LPG use fell sharply after subsidies ended in 2009, despite later price drops. Households switched to charcoal, and the new availability of energy-efficient charcoal stoves made a return to LPG less appealing. This highlights how energy transitions among the poor are price sensitive, with implications for subsidy and carbon-tax policies.
An optical fiber sensor based on a B10H14 derivatives/PMMA film for measuring low concentration formaldehyde in aqueous solutions
Authors: Wu Zhuoxing , Yu Bolin , Gong Huien , Tang Yiquan , Chen Jiaxian , Jian Yingying , Wei Danmei , Meng Hongyun , Tan Chunhua
Published: November 2024

In this work, B10H14 derivatives were first used as a fluorescent probe (LOD: 4.8 × 10−6 M) and optical fiber sensor (LOD: 6.9 × 10−8 M) for the detection of low concentration formaldehyde.
Expression of concern: Sonochemistry: a good, fast and clean method to promote the removal of Cu(ii) and Cr(vi) by MWCNT/CoFe2O4@PEI nanocomposites: optimization study
Authors: Omidi Mohammad Hassan , Ahmadi Azqhandi Mohammad Hossein , Ghalami-Choobar Bahram
Published: November 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Sonochemistry: a good, fast and clean method to promote the removal of Cu(ii) and Cr(vi) by MWCNT/CoFe2O4@PEI nanocomposites: optimization study’ by Mohammad Hassan Omidi et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 16307–16328, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ03277G.
Optimizing TDP-43 silencing with siRNA-loaded polymeric nanovectors in neuronal cells for therapeutic applications: balancing knockdown and function
Authors: Russo Annamaria , Maiorano Gabriele , Cortese Barbara , D'Amone Stefania , Invidia Alessandra , Quattrini Angelo , Romano Alessandro , Gigli Giuseppe , Palamà Ilaria E.
Published: November 2024

A novel nanovector system for TDP-43 siRNA delivery based on a biopolymer combination demonstrates comparable TDP-43 silencing to gold-standard lipofection, superior stress granule reduction, and accelerated stress granule degradation.
2-D transition metal trichalcophosphogenide FePS3 against multi-drug resistant microbial infections
Authors: Kodakkat Shreehari , Valliant Pierre H. A. , Ch'ng Serena , Shaw Z. L. , Awad Miyah Naim , Murdoch Billy J. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Bryant Saffron J. , Walia Sumeet , Elbourne Aaron
Published: November 2024

2-D FePS3 is shown to be a novel biodegradable broad-spectrum antimicrobial reaching 99.9% elimination of various microbial strains.
Correction: Nanorod-associated plasmonic circular dichroism monitors the handedness and composition of α-synuclein fibrils from Parkinson's disease models and post-mortem brain
Authors: Longhena Francesca , Boujelbene Rihab , Brembati Viviana , Sandre Michele , Bubacco Luigi , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Bellucci Arianna
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Nanorod-associated plasmonic circular dichroism monitors the handedness and composition of α-synuclein fibrils from Parkinson's disease models and post-mortem brain’ by Francesca Longhena et al., Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 18882–18898, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR03002H.
Diversified synthesis of poly(sulfonyl isourea)s by multicomponent polymerizations of isocyanides, sulfonyl azides, and alcohols/phenols
Authors: Fan Dongyang , Chen Fenggang , Wang Dong , Han Ting , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2024

A novel multicomponent polymerization strategy using diverse monomer combinations of isocyanides, sulfonyl azides, and alcohols/phenols was developed to synthesize thermally and morphologically stable and heteroatom-rich poly(sulfonyl isourea)s.
A metabologenomics strategy for rapid discovery of polyketides derived from modular polyketide synthases
Authors: Liu Run-Zhou , Zhang Zhihan , Li Min , Zhang Lihan
Published: November 2024

A metabologenomics workflow using mass defect filtering (MDF) and bioinformatics-based structural prediction was established for rapid screening of modular polyketide natural products, and led to the identification of 22 polyketides.
Amide cyclodextrin that recognises monophosphate anions in harmony with water molecules
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Takayanagi Hayato , Nakahata Masaki , Okubayashi Takumi , Baba Hitomi , Ishii Yoshiki , Watanabe Go , Tanabe Daisuke , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: November 2024

Detailed mechanisms including pictures of hydration have been clarified to realise multipoint hydrogen-bonding recognition.
Strain-induced charge delocalization achieves ultralow exciton binding energy toward efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Duan Junyuan , Zhao Yinghe , Wu Yu , Liu Youwen , Chen Junnian , Yang Ruoou , Huang Jiazhao , Luo Chuanqi , Wu Mao , Zheng Xiaodong , Li Pengyu , Jiang Xueliang , Guan Jianguo , Zhai Tianyou
Published: November 2024

A novel approach of strain-induced charge delocalization is developed to significantly reduce the exciton binding energy of Ta2O5 nanorods to below ambient thermal energy, leading to a remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Zinc borylation and reduction by a diborane(4) species via B–O bond formation
Authors: Griffin Liam P. , Aldridge Simon
Published: November 2024

Zinc boryl and metal–metal bonded Zn(i) complexes can be accessed from a common Zn(ii) iodide precursor and bis(pinacolaton)diboron(4).
Damage mitigation as a strategy to achieve high ferroelectricity and reliability in hafnia for random-access-memory
Authors: Hwang Junghyeon , Shin Hunbeom , Kim Chaeheon , Ahn Jinho , Jeon Sanghun
Published: November 2024

This study presents a low-damage metallization process for ultra-thin hafnia-based ferroelectric films, achieving high polarization, low leakage currents, and reduced wake-up effect, paving the way for scalable and reliable FeRAM applications.
Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT by Speech-Language Pathologists and Students
Authors: Austin Julianna , Benas Keith , Caicedo Sara , Imiolek Emily , Piekutowski Anna , Ghanim Iyad
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This project explores the perceived implications of artificial intelligence (AI) tools and generative language tools, like ChatGPT, on practice in speech-language pathology.

Method:

A total of 107 clinician (
n
= 60) and student (
n
= 47) participants completed an 87-item survey that included Likert-style questions and open-ended qualitative responses. The survey explored participants' current frequency of use, experience with AI tools, ethical concerns, and concern with replacing clinicians, as well as likelihood to use in particular professional and clinical areas. Results were analyzed in the context of qualitative responses to typed-response open-ended questions.

Results:

A series of analyses indicated participants are somewhat knowledgeable and experienced with GPT software and other AI tools. Despite a positive outlook and the belief that AI tools are helpful for practice, programs like ChatGPT and other AI tools are infrequently used by speech-language pathologists and students for clinical purposes, mostly restricted to administrative tasks.

Conclusion:

While impressions of GPT and other AI tools cite the beneficial ways that AI tools can enhance a clinician's workloads, participants indicate a hesitancy to use AI tools and call for institutional guidelines and training for its adoption.
Multi‐omics graph convolutional networks for digestive system tumour classification and early‐late stage diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhu Zhengzhi , Gao Hongbo , Wang Chunyu , Khan Muhammad Attique , Ullah Mati , Khan Siffat Ullah
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of digestive system tumours (DST) poses a significant challenge in the global crusade against cancer. These neoplasms constitute 20% of all documented cancer diagnoses and contribute to 22.5% of cancer‐related fatalities. The accurate diagnosis of DST is paramount for vigilant patient monitoring and the judicious selection of optimal treatments. Addressing this challenge, the authors introduce a novel methodology, denominated as the Multi‐omics Graph Transformer Convolutional Network (MGTCN). This innovative approach aims to discern various DST tumour types and proficiently discern between early‐late stage tumours, ensuring a high degree of accuracy. The MGTCN model incorporates the Graph Transformer Layer framework to meticulously transform the multi‐omics adjacency matrix, thereby illuminating potential associations among diverse samples. A rigorous experimental evaluation was undertaken on the DST dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas to scrutinise the efficacy of the MGTCN model. The outcomes unequivocally underscore the efficiency and precision of MGTCN in diagnosing diverse DST tumour types and successfully discriminating between early‐late stage DST cases. The source code for this groundbreaking study is readily accessible for download at https://github.com/bigone1/MGTCN.
Pressure sensor placement in water distribution networks based on enhanced Rafflesia optimization algorithm
Authors: Huang Yu‐Chung , Yang Qingyong , Chu Shu‐Chuan , Pan Jeng‐Shyang
Published: November 2024

The pressure sensor placement in the water distribution networks (WDNs) is a typical NP‐Hard problem. The goal is to monitor the running state of the whole network area by placing a small number of pressure sensors. This letter proposes an enhanced Rafflesia optimization algorithm (EROA) to solve this problem. The simulation results show that compared with the original ROA algorithm and the traditional intelligent optimization algorithms, the proposed EROA algorithm exhibits superior optimization capabilities and solution efficiency, and can provide a more reasonable sensor placement scheme.
Statistical resolution analysis of microwave computational imaging
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Hu Taiyang , Xiao Mengxuan , Zhang Haoxuan , Wu Li , Xiao Zelong
Published: November 2024

This letter presents a model based on the Cramér–Rao bound theory for calculating the theoretical lower limit of imaging resolution of microwave computational imaging aided by re‐configurable metasurface. The model takes into account two crucial parameters: the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the number of measurements in the imaging process. By simultaneously considering the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the number of measurements, as well as other parameters, the model allows for a comprehensive assessment of the imaging resolution of the imaging system. In addition, both position estimation and intensity estimation are considered, and a new composite statistical resolution concept is proposed, which is more suitable for microwave computational imaging.
Surface flashover in 50 years: II. Material modification, structure optimisation, and characteristics enhancement
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Ji , Ohki Yoshimichi , Chen George , Li Shengtao
Published: November 2024

Surface flashover is a gas–solid interface insulation failure that significantly jeopardises the secure operation of advanced electronic, electrical, and spacecraft applications. Despite the widespread application of numerous material modification and structure optimisation technologies aimed at enhancing surface flashover performance, the influence mechanisms of the present technologies have yet to be systematically discussed and summarised. This review aims to introduce various material modification technologies while demonstrating their influence mechanisms on flashover performances by establishing relationships among ‘microscopic structure‐mesoscopic charge transport‐macroscopic insulation failure’. Moreover, it elucidates the effects of chemical structure on surface trap parameters and surface charge transport concerning flashover performance. The review categorises and presents structure optimisation technologies that govern electric field distribution. All identified technologies highlight that achieving a uniform tangential electric field and reducing the normal electric field can effectively enhance flashover performance. Finally, this review proposes recommendations encompassing mathematical, chemical, evaluation, and manufacturing technologies. This systematic summary of current technologies, their influence mechanisms, and associated advantages and disadvantages in improving surface insulation performance is anticipated to be a pivotal component in flashover and future dielectric theory.
Multi‐task image restoration network based on spatial aggregation attention and multi‐feature fusion
Authors: Peng Chunyan , Zhao Xueya , Chen Yangbo , Zhang Wanqing , Zheng Yuhui
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of image restoration is to recover high‐quality image content from degraded versions. However, current mainstream models tend to focus solely on spatial details or contextual semantics, resulting in poor repair effects. To address this issue, a multi‐task image repair network based on spatial aggregation attention and multi‐feature fusion (SAAM) is proposed. It utilizes the global semantic information from the low‐resolution subnetwork to guide the local feature extraction of the high‐resolution subnetwork, thereby preserving the overall image structure while enhancing local details. Additionally, to enhance the model's understanding and representation capabilities of images, the feature fusion mechanism (FFM) is designed to merge feature information from different levels. Finally, the spatial aggregation attention mechanism SAAM enhances the accuracy and quality of image restoration by weighting the importance of different regions in the image at multiple scales. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SAAM method outperforms similar approaches in image denoising, deraining and decracking tasks in peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, structural similarity and learned perceptual image patch similarity metrics. The model also exhibits promising performance in restoring real old photos and murals which demonstrates its generalizability.
The Legacy of Synthetic Bovine Insulin: A Journey of Dedication, Collaboration and Innovation
Authors: Xu Ke , Ran Huiwen , Lin Binxia , Qian Keyang , Hu Guangjing , Yu Yibin , Zhou Jinqiu
Published: November 2024

The artificial total synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin is a milestone achievement of Chinese scientists in the field of life sciences since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The article briefly reviews several historical events of the artificial total synthesis of bovine insulin, with the intentions of summarizing the historical experience of dedication, cooperation and innovation embedded in this achievement, and inspiring contemporary Chinese scientists.
Missing the mark? Identifying child sexual abuse material forum structure and key-players based on public replies and private messaging networks
Authors: Gnielka Frederic M. , Reichel Rebecca , Blokland Arjan , Daser Anton , de Boer Meike , Gannon Colm , Schmidt Alexander F. , Schäfer Thomas , Huikuri Salla , Staciwa Katarzyna , Lehmann Robert J. B.
Published: November 2024

Darknet forums dedicated to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) attract thousands of users interacting with each other through online communications. Given finite resources, law enforcement agencies seek ways to effectively prioritise their investigative efforts by identifying key-players that are central to the forum community. For the identification of such users, law enforcement agencies typically rely on the communication network that can be derived from messages posted on the public part of the forum. Many forums, however, also allow for private communications between members, raising the question to what extent relying on only a single mode of communication biases key-player identification. Using data on both public and private communications on two large-scale darknet CSAM forums, two communication networks are derived and their structures analysed. Measures of centrality robustness are applied to ascertain the level of bias introduced when determining key-players on only one of the available networks. Findings show only a minority of members to participate in forum communication, and limited overlap between participants active in public and private communications. Key-players emerging from combining the public and private communications resemble those from the public network only, suggesting that police prioritisation based on public postings only is still ‘on mark’. Members who are central to the private communications network may nevertheless be of special law enforcement interest.
Investigation of ultrafast excited-state dynamics of 3-furfural
Authors: Wu Wenping , Tian Yuhuan , He Zhigang , Yang Dongyuan , Wu Guorong , Yang Xueming
Published: November 2024

3-Furfural(C5H4O2) is a furan(C4H4O) derivative compound formed by replacing the hydrogen (H) atom at the ring 3-position with the aldehyde (CHO) group substituent. In this work, we intend to investigate the ultrafast decay dynamics of electronically excited 3-furfural using the femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. At pump wavelengths of 259.5, 238.6 and 218.3 11m, two alternative decay mechanisms for the S2(1ππ*) state are tentatively proposed and discussed. Specifically, we prefer to suggest that a fraction of the initially prepared wavepacket in the S2(1ππ*) state is likely to undergo the subpicosecond relaxation via the S1(1nπ*) state. Presumably the lower lying T2(3ππ*) state is subsequently populated on a ∼4 ps timescale via intersystem crossing from the minimum of the S1(1nπ*) state surface. The relaxation of the T2(3ππ*) state is sensitive to its vibrational excess energy and the value of its lifetime is 1.6±0.2 ns, 280±30 ps and 50±10 ps for pump wavelengths of 259.5, 238.6 and 218.3 m, respectively.
Vibrational state distribution of cations induced by tunneling ionization of carbon monoxide in femtosecond strong laser fields
Authors: Yan Junlin , Chen Juntong , Liu Di , Lian Yi , Yao Haiqiang , Wu Qian , Lv Hang , Yan Bing , Xu Haifeng
Published: November 2024

We experimentally investigate the vibrational state distribution of the cations after carbon monoxide (CO) molecules are irradiated by strong laser fields. Vibrational-resolved fluorescent spectrum is observed, which can be well assigned as the A2Π(υ′ =0−3)→X2Σ+(υ″ =0−3) transitions of the cations CO+, indicating the strong field ionization of the inner molecular orbital of CO. Relative distribution of vibrational states A2Π(υ′ =0–3) of CO+ is retrieved from the measured spectrum and the Franck-Condon factors. It is found that the vibrational state distribution in strong field ionization of CO apparently deviates from the Franck-Condon-like distribution, but is in good agreement with the calculations, in which we include both the ionization rate and the overlapping between the vibrational wavefunctions of the neutral and cationic electronic states. The distribution of CO+(A2Π, υ′) strongly depends on the laser intensity but is less dependent on the laser ellipticity. Analysis indicates the inter-nuclear distance-dependent ionization plays a significant role in the vibrational state distribution induced by strong field ionization of CO molecules.
Microfluidics for foodborne bacteria analysis: Moving toward multiple technologies integration
Authors: Xing Gaowa , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: November 2024

Food security related to bacterial pathogens has seriously threatened human life and caused public health problems. Most of the reported methods are targeted at known major pathogens commonly found in food samples, but to some extent, they have the disadvantage of lacking simplicity, speed, high throughput, and high sensitivity. Microfluidics has become a promising tool for foodborne bacteria analysis and addresses the above limitations. In this perspective, we briefly discussed the ongoing research and development in this field. We outline the major types of microfluidics, the strategies of target biorecognition, and signal amplification technologies in the microfluidic system for the foodborne bacteria analysis. We also proposed the future directions of microfluidics for foodborne bacterial analysis, which aims to integrate multiple technologies toward intelligent analysis with high selectivity and sensitivity for unknown samples, multiple bacterial detection, and simultaneous detection of multiple food pollutants.
Enhanced Coupling of Superconductivity and Evolution of the Gap Structure in CsV3Sb5 via Ta Doping
Authors: Li 李 Yiwen 易文 , Zhu 朱 Zhengyan 政彦 , Li 李 Qing 庆 , Ye 叶 Yongze 永泽 , Wang 王 Zhiwei 秩伟 , Yao 姚 Yugui 裕贵 , Wen 闻 Hai-Hu 海虎
Published: November 2024

In this study, Kagome superconductors, i.e., CsV3Sb5 single crystals and its Ta-doped variant, Cs(V0.86Ta0.14)3Sb5, were studied in detail via specific heat measurements. Results revealed that the charge density wave (CDW) was suppressed and the superconducting transition temperature (T
c) considerably increased from 2.8 to 4.6 K upon Ta doping. The electronic specific heat of CsV3Sb5 was fitted with a model comprising an s-wave gap and a highly anisotropic extended s-wave gap, where 2Δ/k
B
T
c was smaller than the weak coupling limit of 3.5. Cs(V0.86Ta0.14)3Sb5 exhibited two isotropic s-wave gaps and yielded a larger gap of 2Δ/k
B
T
c = 5.04, indicating a significant enhancement in superconducting coupling. This evolution was attributed to the increased density of states near the Fermi level released by CDW gap suppression. These findings demonstrated that Ta doping enhanced superconducting coupling and variation of gap structure in CsV3Sb5.