bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genomics of the Ectomycorrhizal Sister Species Rhizopogon vinicolor and Rhizopogon vesiculosus (Basidiomycota: Boletales) Reveals a Divergence of the Mating Type B Locus
Authors: Mujic Alija Bajro , Kuo Alan , Tritt Andrew , Lipzen Anna , Chen Cindy , Johnson Jenifer , Sharma Aditi , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V , Spatafora Joseph W
Published: April 2017

Divergence of breeding system plays an important role in fungal speciation. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, however, pose a challenge for the study of reproductive biology because most cannot be mated under laboratory conditions. To overcome this barrier, we sequenced the draft genomes of the ectomycorrhizal sister species Rhizopogon vinicolor Smith and Zeller and R. vesiculosus Smith and Zeller (Basidiomycota, Boletales)—the first genomes available for Basidiomycota truffles—and characterized gene content and organization surrounding their mating type loci. Both species possess a pair of homeodomain transcription factor homologs at the mating type A-locus as well as pheromone receptor and pheromone precursor homologs at the mating type B-locus. Comparison of Rhizopogon genomes with genomes from Boletales, Agaricales, and Polyporales revealed synteny of the A-locus region within Boletales, but several genomic rearrangements across orders. Our findings suggest correlation between gene content at the B-locus region and breeding system in Boletales with tetrapolar species possessing more diverse gene content than bipolar species. Rhizopogon vinicolor possesses a greater number of B-locus pheromone receptor and precursor genes than R. vesiculosus, as well as a pair of isoprenyl cysteine methyltransferase genes flanking the B-locus compared to a single copy in R. vesiculosus. Examination of dikaryotic single nucleotide polymorphisms within genomes revealed greater heterozygosity in R. vinicolor, consistent with increased rates of outcrossing. Both species possess the components of a heterothallic breeding system with R. vinicolor possessing a B-locus region structure consistent with tetrapolar Boletales and R. vesiculosus possessing a B-locus region structure intermediate between bipolar and tetrapolar Boletales.
BiFCROS: A Low-Background Fluorescence Repressor Operator System for Labeling of Genomic Loci
Authors: Milbredt Sarah , Waldminghaus Torsten
Published: April 2017

Fluorescence-based methods are widely used to analyze elementary cell processes such as DNA replication or chromosomal folding and segregation. Labeling DNA with a fluorescent protein allows the visualization of its temporal and spatial organization. One popular approach is FROS (fluorescence repressor operator system). This method specifically labels DNA in vivo through binding of a fusion of a fluorescent protein and a repressor protein to an operator array, which contains numerous copies of the repressor binding site integrated into the genomic site of interest. Bound fluorescent proteins are then visible as foci in microscopic analyses and can be distinguished from the background fluorescence caused by unbound fusion proteins. Even though this method is widely used, no attempt has been made so far to decrease the background fluorescence to facilitate analysis of the actual signal of interest. Here, we present a new method that greatly reduces the background signal of FROS. BiFCROS (Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation and Repressor Operator System) is based on fusions of repressor proteins to halves of a split fluorescent protein. Binding to a hybrid FROS array results in fluorescence signals due to bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Only proteins bound to the hybrid FROS array fluoresce, greatly improving the signal to noise ratio compared to conventional FROS. We present the development of BiFCROS and discuss its potential to be used as a fast and single-cell readout for copy numbers of genetic loci.
Adaptive Roles ofSSY1andSIR3During Cycles of Growth and Starvation inSaccharomyces cerevisiaePopulations Enriched for Quiescent or Nonquiescent Cells
Authors: Wloch-Salamon Dominika M , Tomala Katarzyna , Aggeli Dimitra , Dunn Barbara
Published: April 2017

Over its evolutionary history, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved to be well-adapted to fluctuating nutrient availability. In the presence of sufficient nutrients, yeast cells continue to proliferate, but upon starvation haploid yeast cells enter stationary phase and differentiate into nonquiescent (NQ) and quiescent (Q) cells. Q cells survive stress better than NQ cells and show greater viability when nutrient-rich conditions are restored. To investigate the genes that may be involved in the differentiation of Q and NQ cells, we serially propagated yeast populations that were enriched for either only Q or only NQ cell types over many repeated growth–starvation cycles. After 30 cycles (equivalent to 300 generations), each enriched population produced a higher proportion of the enriched cell type compared to the starting population, suggestive of adaptive change. We also observed differences in each population’s fitness suggesting possible tradeoffs: clones from NQ lines were better adapted to logarithmic growth, while clones from Q lines were better adapted to starvation. Whole-genome sequencing of clones from Q- and NQ-enriched lines revealed mutations in genes involved in the stress response and survival in limiting nutrients (ECM21, RSP5, MSN1, SIR4, and IRA2) in both Q and NQ lines, but also differences between the two lines: NQ line clones had recurrent independent mutations affecting the Ssy1p-Ptr3p-Ssy5p (SPS) amino acid sensing pathway, while Q line clones had recurrent, independent mutations in SIR3 and FAS1. Our results suggest that both sets of enriched-cell type lines responded to common, as well as distinct, selective pressures.
The Mitotic Exit Network Regulates Spindle Pole Body Selection During Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Renicke Christian , Allmann Ann-Katrin , Lutz Anne Pia , Heimerl Thomas , Taxis Christof
Published: April 2017

Age-based inheritance of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells is associated with faithful chromosome distribution in asymmetric cell divisions. During Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospore formation, such an inheritance mechanism targets the yeast centrosome equivalents, the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) at meiosis II onset. Decreased nutrient availability causes initiation of spore formation at only the younger SPBs and their associated genomes. This mechanism ensures encapsulation of nonsister genomes, which preserves genetic diversity and provides a fitness advantage at the population level. Here, by usage of an enhanced system for sporulation-induced protein depletion, we demonstrate that the core mitotic exit network (MEN) is involved in age-based SPB selection. Moreover, efficient genome inheritance requires Dbf2/20-Mob1 during a late step in spore maturation. We provide evidence that the meiotic functions of the MEN are more complex than previously thought. In contrast to mitosis, completion of the meiotic divisions does not strictly rely on the MEN whereas its activity is required at different time points during spore development. This is reminiscent of vegetative MEN functions in spindle polarity establishment, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. In summary, our investigation contributes to the understanding of age-based SPB inheritance during sporulation of S. cerevisiae and provides general insights on network plasticity in the context of a specialized developmental program. Moreover, the improved system for a developmental-specific tool to induce protein depletion will be useful in other biological contexts.
Genotypic Complexity of Fisher’s Geometric Model
Authors: Hwang Sungmin , Park Su-Chan , Krug Joachim
Published: April 2017

In his celebrated model of adaptation, Fisher assumed a smooth phenotype fitness map with one optimum. This assumption is at odds with the rugged.....

Fisher’s geometric model was originally introduced to argue that complex adaptations must occur in small steps because of pleiotropic constraints. When supplemented with the assumption of additivity of mutational effects on phenotypic traits, it provides a simple mechanism for the emergence of genotypic epistasis from the nonlinear mapping of phenotypes to fitness. Of particular interest is the occurrence of reciprocal sign epistasis, which is a necessary condition for multipeaked genotypic fitness landscapes. Here we compute the probability that a pair of randomly chosen mutations interacts sign epistatically, which is found to decrease with increasing phenotypic dimension n, and varies nonmonotonically with the distance from the phenotypic optimum. We then derive expressions for the mean number of fitness maxima in genotypic landscapes comprised of all combinations of L random mutations. This number increases exponentially with L, and the corresponding growth rate is used as a measure of the complexity of the landscape. The dependence of the complexity on the model parameters is found to be surprisingly rich, and three distinct phases characterized by different landscape structures are identified. Our analysis shows that the phenotypic dimension, which is often referred to as phenotypic complexity, does not generally correlate with the complexity of fitness landscapes and that even organisms with a single phenotypic trait can have complex landscapes. Our results further inform the interpretation of experiments where the parameters of Fisher’s model have been inferred from data, and help to elucidate which features of empirical fitness landscapes can be described by this model.
Efecto de un quelante de zinc extracelular sobre el número de celulas ganglionares en retina de rata, y transportadores de taurina y de zinc en estas células
Authors: Márquez García Asarí , Salazar Víctor , Lima Lucimey
Published: April 2017

La deficiencia de zinc en humanos produce disminución de antioxidantes, asociados a taurina, en la retina y se relaciona con adaptación anormal a la oscuridad, cataratas, ceguera y degeneración macular. Existe escasa evidencia acerca del efecto del zinc sobre el sistema de taurina en retina de mamíferos, por lo cual estudiamos el efecto del zinc sobre el transportador de taurina (TAUT) y los transportadores de zinc (ZnT-1 y 3) usando el quelante de zinc extracelular, ácido dietileno-triamino-penta-acético (DTPA), mediante inmunocitoquímica e inmunohistoquímica fluorescentes en células ganglionares (CG) y en las capas de la retina de ratas. Tres días después de la administración de DTPA (10 µM) se utilizaron anticuerpos primarios y secundarios conjugados con rodamina o fluoresceína-5-isotiocianato (FITC) según fuera el caso. Para el marcaje inmunocitoquímico se contaron trescientas células por condición y la intensidad de fluorescencia se midió como densidad óptica integrada (DOI) en cuatro áreas por cada capa del tejido. El DTPA produjo una disminución en un 32 % y 29 % de las CG del total de células marcadas con los anticuerpos  contra glicoproteína Thy 1.1 y γ-sinucleína, respectivamente. También produjo una disminución significativa de la distribución de TAUT en un 27 y 28 % respecto a los controles. DTPA disminuyó la localización de ZnT-1 y ZnT-3 en las capas de retina (células ganglionares, CCG) y en las plexiformes externa e interna, CPE y CPI). El estudio de estos transportadores en la retina resulta relevante para entender las interacciones de taurina y de zinc en esta estructura.
Evaluación de la respuesta de cultivos celulares de (Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora) Fouquieriaceae bajo estrés hídrico.
Authors: Guerrero Zúñiga Leonor Angélica , Rodríguez Dorantes Angélica
Published: April 2017

Los cultivos de células vegetales son sistemas experimentales homogéneos altamente controlables que permiten el estudio de adaptaciones bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico, sin la interferencia de los diferentes tejidos y estados del desarrollo vegetal. Una aproximación para comprender esas adaptaciones, es la aparición de proteínas inducidas, resultado de la alteración en la expresión génica. El presente trabajo analizó la respuesta de cultivos de células de  Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora, expuestos a ácido abscísico (ABA), mediante la caracterización electroforética en cantidad y calidad de las proteínas inducibles de estrés. Se registraron polipéptidos de bajo peso molecular (< 35KDa), comunes bajo la exposición a 10 mM, seguida la asociación con 20 y 30 mM de ABA, quedando aislada la respuesta de la condición de células en cultivo sin la presencia de éste.
Respuesta de la clorofila y el metabolismo de un arroyo Andino al aumento de temperatura en un experimento ex situ.
Authors: Infante Cangrejo Viviana , Donato Rondón Jhon Charles
Published: April 2017

En los trópicos, el cambio climático puede significar un incremento en la temperatura que puede afectar la diversidad biológica de los ecosistemas fluviales, favoreciendo la llegada de especies propias de aguas más cálidas. La variación de temperatura puede también afectar las relaciones tróficas y el metabolismo del sistema. En el presente estudio, se analizó el efecto de 2-4ºC de aumento de  la temperatura del agua sobre el ensamble de diatomeas y el metabolismo del río Tota (alta montaña andina). Para este propósito, se utilizaron canales artificiales de recirculación, en los que diariamente se midieron variables fisicoquímicas (pH, conductividad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto y velocidad del agua), se recolectaron e identificaron diatomeas, se midió la clorofila-a y el metabolismo mediante cámaras recirculantes. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las variables fisicoquímicas medidas. Aunque no se pudo detectar diferencias significativas en la variables respuesta atribuibles al aumento de la temperatura, si hubo respuestas cualitativas en la clorofila y en el metabolismo. El trabajo experimental representa un aporte para el estudio del impacto del aumento de temperatura sobre los sistemas lóticos de alta montaña en Colombia. Los resultados ilustran los posibles cambios que se pueden registrar en los sistemas de alta montaña andina como consecuencia del cambio climático.
Análisis espacial de la incidencia de enfermedades en diferentes genotipos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en El Yopal (Casanare), Colombia
Authors: Cárdenas Pardo Nestor Julián , Darghan Contreras Aquiles Enrique , Sosa Rico Miguel Darío , Rodríguez Alia
Published: April 2017

Las enfermedades “pudrición negra del fruto” y “moniliasis” son reportadas como limitantes en plantaciones de cacao en Colombia. Fueron evaluados los patrones espaciales de incidencia para estas dos enfermedades en un cultivo de cacao durante un monitoreo de trece semanas en campo. Semivariogramas e interpolación kriging fueron usados para analizar el comportamiento espacial de “pudrición negra del fruto”, Join count e Índice de Moran se emplearon para estudiar el comportamiento espacial de “moniliasis”. La incidencia de “pudrición negra del fruto” presentó estructura de dependencia espacial de acuerdo a los semivariogramas durante el tiempo de evaluación, mientras que la autocorrelación espacial de sitios de infección de “moniliasis” se distribuyó de forma aleatoria entre las plantas de cacao según el Índice de Moran. El rango de dispersión estimado de “pudrición negra del fruto” varió entre 21.74 y 40.23 m y los mapas kriging evidenciaron el progreso espacio-temporal de la enfermedad durante las semanas evaluadas. Las condiciones experimentales dadas y la aproximación de los análisis espaciales, contribuyeron al entendimiento de la dinámica espacial de dos enfermedades limitantes en tres clones de cacao en la Orinoquía Colombiana.
Long-term prediction of wind speed in La Serena City (Chile) using hybrid neural network-particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Lazzús Juan A , Salfate Ignacio
Published: April 2017

An artificial neural network was used for forecasting of long-term wind speed data (24 and 48 hours ahead) in La Serena City (Chile). In order to obtain a more effective correlation and prediction, a particle swarm algorithm was implemented to update the weights of the network. 43800 data points of wind speed were used (years 2003- 2007), and the past values of wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperature were used as input parameters, considering that these meteorogical parameters are more readily available around the globe. Several neural network architectures were studied, and the optimum architecture was determined by adding neurons in systematic form and evaluating the root mean square error (RMSE) during the learning process. The results show that the meteorological variables used as input parameters, have influential effects on the good training and predicting capabilities of the chosen network, and that the hybrid neural network can forecast the hourly wind speed with acceptable accuracy, such as: RMSE=0.81 [m·s−1], MSE=0.65 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 for 24-hours-ahead wind speed prediction, and RMSE=0.78, MSE=0.634 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 for 48-hours-ahead wind speed prediction. Predicción a largo plazo de la velocidad de viento en la ciudad de La Serena (Chile) utilizando un algoritmo híbrido de red neuronal-enjambre de partículasResumenUna red neuronal artificial fue utilizada para la predicción de datos de la velocidad de viento a largo plazo (24 y 48 horas en adelanto) en la Ciudad de La Serena (Chile). Para obtener una efectiva correlación y predición, se implementó una optimización de enjambre de particulas para actualizar los pesos de la red. Se emplearon 43800 datos de velocidad de viento (años 2003-2007), y los valores pasados de velocidad del viento, humedad relativa y temperatura del aire fueron utilizados como parámetros de entrada, considerando que estos parámetros meteorológicos se encuentran fácilmente disponibles en todo el mundo. Se estudiaron varias arquitecturas de redes neuronales y la arquitectura optima se determine añadiendo neuronas de forma sistemática y evaluando la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RMSE) durante el proceso de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que las variables meteorológicas utilizadas como parámetros de entrada, tienen un efecto positivo sobre el correcto entrenamiento y capacidades predictivas de la red, y que la red neural híbrida puede pronosticar la velocidad del viento horaria con una precisión aceptable, como un RMSE=0.81 [m·s−1], MSE=0.65 [m·s−1] 2 y R2 =0.97 para la predicción de la velocidad del viento de 24 horas en adelanto, y un RMSE=0.78, MSE=0.634 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 para la predicción de la velocidad del viento de 48 horas en adelanto
The Modified Quasi-geostrophic Barotropic Models Based on Unsteady Topography
Authors: Zhao Baojun , Sun Wenjin , Zhan Tianming
Published: April 2017

New models using scale analysis and perturbation methods were derivated starting from the shallow water equations based on barotropic fluids. In the paper, to discuss the irregular topography with different magnitudes, especially considering the condition of the vast terrain, some modified quasi-geostrophic barotropic models were obtained. The unsteady terrain is more suitable to describe the motion of the fluid state of the earth because of the change of global climate and environment, so the modified models are more rational potential vorticity equations. If we do not consider the influence of topography and other factors, the models degenerate to the general quasi-geostrophic barotropic equations in the previous studies. Modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos modificados con base en topografía inestableResumenEste trabajo deduce nuevos modelos con el uso de los métodos de análisis a escala y de perturbación a partir de las ecuaciones de aguas poco profundas con base en fluidos barotrópicos. En este artículo se obtuvieron algunos modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos para aplicar en zonas de topografía inestable con diferentes magnitudes y considerar especialmente la condición del extenso terreno. La topografía inestable es más propicia para describir el movimiento del estado fluido de la tierra debido al cambio del clima y ambiente, por lo tanto los modelos modificados son ecuaciones de vorticidad potenciales más razonables. Si no se considera la influencia de la topografía y otros factores, los modelos se reducirían a las ecuaciones generales semigeostróficas barotrópicas de estudios anteriores.
Representaciones de democracia y ciudadanía en estudiantes universitarios de pedagogía del sur de Chile
Authors: Chávez Herting David , Mieres Chacaltana Manuel Santiago
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar y describir las representaciones sobre democracia y ciudadanía de un conjunto de estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía, con la finalidad de aportar antecedentes para el debate con respecto a la relevancia de incluir una estrategia clara de formación ciudadana en estas carreras. El estudio tiene un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se aplicó a 249 estudiantes pertenecientes a la Facultad de Educación de una universidad regional del sur de Chile. Se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales y el análisis se realizó tomando los valores arrojados por dichas redes, indagando sobre las representaciones de “democracia”, “ciudadanía”, “partidos políticos chilenos” y “democracia en Chile”. Los resultados evidencian que los jóvenes representan la democracia como un adecuado sistema de organización social y política, y la ciudadanía como su forma de expresión válida. Sin embargo, al focalizar la atención en la realidad chilena, desacreditan la expresión que adquiere la democracia en el país, con representaciones negativas de los partidos políticos chilenos también. Se observa una clara ruptura entre los conceptos ideales de democracia y ciudadanía, y su aplicación concreta a la realidad chilena. Estos resultados permiten una primera aproximación a las conceptualizaciones políticas de los estudiantes con miras al diseño de una política de formación inicial docente que incluya la formación ciudadana
Representaciones sociales de futuros docentes de Física y de Química sobre el manual escolar
Authors: Maturano Carla Inés , Mazzitelli Claudia Alejandra
Published: April 2017

El libro de texto de ciencias naturales es considerado uno de los recursos más utilizados para enseñar y aprender en estas disciplinas. Los contenidos mostrados y las actividades que se desarrollan en las clases, propuestos a menudo en los libros de texto, suelen estar alejados de los intereses del estudiantado. Por esto, resulta interesante indagar las representaciones que el futuro docente posee sobre este objeto social para vislumbrar características de sus prácticas futuras. En este artículo, presentamos los resultados de un estudio exploratorio con futuros profesores y profesoras, cuyo objetivo es caracterizar sus representaciones sociales acerca del libro de texto o manual escolar de ciencias naturales. Los supuestos teóricos y la metodología, consistente en una técnica de evocación y jerarquización, se sustentan en el marco de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Los participantes en la investigación constituyen una muestra de ocho estudiantes universitarios del último año de los profesorados en Física y en Química de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan (Argentina). Los resultados obtenidos, desde un abordaje predominantemente cualitativo, han permitido encontrar el contenido y la estructura, como así también las actitudes asociadas a las representaciones en estudio, destacándose un excesivo apego al manual como recurso para el diseño de las actividades del aula. Estos resultados servirían para formular recomendaciones tendientes a optimizar la utilidad del manual en su futura práctica profesional, buscando trascender el modelo tradicional de enseñanza e incorporar elementos de otros modelos alternativos que promuevan el interés hacia el aprendizaje de las ciencias
Through Indigenous Eyes
Authors: Schermerhorn Seth , McEnaney Lillia
Published: April 2017

This article analyzes two Tohono O’odham photographic collections documenting transnational O’odham pilgrimages to Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico. These photographic collections are further contextualized through oral history interviews and ethnographic participant-observation. Altogether, these 559 photos illustrate two of the many ways in which the pilgrimage is envisioned within contemporary O’odham communities. Despite the differing ways in which the two photographers document O’odham pilgrimages, the findings demonstrate the ways in which both photographers exercise “visual sovereignty.” This article also contributes to ongoing discussions in the academic study of religion about the so-called “insider/outsider” problem.
Il metodo Freedom Writers: Aiutare gli adolescenti a scrivere di sè e celebrare il cambiamento
Authors: Cursio Giuseppe
Published: April 2017

This article presents the experience of a teacher – Erin Gruwell – an English literature teacher at a school in Long Beach, Los Angeles (California). The teacher, proposing in school writing a personal diary at school, created significant conditions for change for the students. The educational experiences offered by Erin Gruwell spurred the motivation to write diaries. Doing this has opened up a reflective space on their hard life: the students have begun to think about a future of hope. Of particular significance was the experience of „Toast for Change”, which marked a new beginning in the lives of these students.
Memories of Adults Regarding Relations with Parents in Childhood
Authors: Osewska Elżbieta
Published: April 2017

Research into memory in adults reminiscing about childhood memories is not well‑­established. Some people seem to have vivid memories from very early ages, while others remember events beginning around age four or five. The aim of this article is to present memories of adults regarding relationships with their parents in childhood based on two surveys. First research was undertaken by the Public Opinion Research Centre (in Polish: Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej). Second one, qualitative research of childhood relations was conducted by the author of this article among students of family studies from The Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative research on Poles with regard to their childhood memories, several conclusions may be drawn. First of all, the surveyed Poles have positive childhood memories with regard to relations with parents and the process of upbringing. A larger proportion stresses a better bond with their mother. Only in some of the quoted recollections of students, there appears greater significance of relations with father, who gave them a sense of security, pointed out values and established a model of masculinity. A large number of the polled adults declared that parents were close to them and cared for their social, moral and religious education.
The diagnostic value of measuring the momentary blood flow reserve versus non-invasive methods to detect myocardial ischemia in assessing the functional significance of borderline coronary artery stenoses
Authors: Darensky D I , Gramovich V V , Zharova E A , Ansheles A A , Sergienko V B , Mitroshkin M G , Atanesyan R V , Matchin Yu G
Published: April 2017

Aim. To estimate the diagnostic value of measuring the momentary blood flow reserve (MBFR) versus the surrogate non-invasive standard (SNS) for myocardial ischemia verification (MIV) (a combination of stress echocardiography and single-photon emission computed tomography). Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 50 patients with stable angina in the presence of chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) or suspected CHD, in whom coronary angiography (CA) revealed borderline coronary stenoses (50—70% lumen diameters). The examination algorithm had two options. In one option, when included in the study, patients had already CA results not older than 1 month, and MBFR was measured 4—7 days after non-invasive stress tests. In the other option, MBFR in the area of borderline coronary artery stenosis was measured simultaneously with CA; and the noninvasive stress tests were carried out in the following week. A total of 74 coronary stenoses were examined. Results. SNS for MIV was positive in 14 (28%) patients. When comparing with the non-invasive methods of myocardial ischemia verification, the area under the ROC curve for MBFR was 0.961±0.019 (95% confidence interval, 0.888—0.992). The optimal cut-point was 0.92, which is corresponded by a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84%. Conclusion. When compared with SNS for MIV, the method for measuring MBFR has a high diagnostic accuracy.
Stable high interleukin-17A concentration in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors during a year
Authors: Gaydukova I Z , Rebrov A P , Aparkina A V , Khondkaryan E V
Published: April 2017

Aim. To assess changes in the concentration of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibitors during a year. Subjects and methods. Examinations were made in 30 patients (22 (73.3%) men) aged 38.35±9.19 years with AS (modified New-York criteria, BASDAI ≥4.0; AS duration, 11.4±9.6 years) and in 20 healthy individuals (12 (60%) men) aged 40.1±7.7 years) (a control group). All the patients were treated with infliximab (remicade, MSD) 5 mg/kg body weight during a year according to the recommended regimen. BASDAI and ASDAS were calculated; C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and TNFα and IL-17A concentrations were measured before and 52±2 weeks after TNFα inhibitors treatment. BASDAI/ASDAS improvement, ESR and CRP decreases; ASAS20/40 responses, ASAS partial remission, and an ASDAS improvement were estimated. Results. In the patients with AS, the concentrations of TNFα and IL-17A were higher than those in the healthy individuals (p < 0.000). Twelve (40%) AS patients treated with TNFα inhibitors achieved ASAS partial remission. The average estimated back pain, ASDAS and BASDAI scores, and CRP and ESR substantially reduced (p
Asymptomatic atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries: Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kopylov F Yu , Bykova A A , Shchekochikhin D Yu , Elmanaa Kh E , Dzyundzya A N , Vasilevsky Yu V , Simakov S S
Published: April 2017

Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) and transient ischemic attack are among the leading causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality in the Russian Federation and the world. Ischemic strokes account for 70—80% of all ACVAs, with 20—30% of them being associated with stenotic atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA). The paper describes modern views on the problem of asymptomatic BCA atherosclerosis and considers the possibilities of identifying risk groups among the patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis of the BCA.
Lenguaje y Hermenéutica: implicaciones para la docencia - Language and hermeneutics: implications for teaching
Authors: Ortiz Granja Dorys Noemy , Joaqui Robles Darwin
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo plantea una reflexión acerca del lenguaje y la hermenéutica, desde la perspectiva de Gadamer y su relación con la docencia. Se abordan tres temas esenciales: el lenguaje como experiencia del mundo, su estructura especulativa y la hermenéutica. Estos aspectos se aplican a la docencia, entendida como un proceso eminentemente expresivo que facilita la comprensión entre docentes y estudiantes que además favorece un aprendizaje significativo.
El aprendizaje del lenguaje y los saberes necesarios para la educación de hoy / Learning the language and required knowledge for the education of today
Authors: Carbajal García Sandra Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

El artículo aborda el tema del aprendizaje de la lengua en relación con los saberes necesarios para la educación de hoy y el futuro. Se reflexiona en la función del lenguaje en la formación del ser humano y su ascenso a la generalidad. Se considera a la comprensión intelectual e intersubjetiva como vía de dilucidación de la realidad y del texto literario. Se explica también el proceso de la producción de significados en relación con los derechos del buen vivir y la adquisición y uso de conceptos en el tratamiento interpretativo del lenguaje.  
El pensamiento lógico-abstracto como sustento para potenciar los procesos cognitivos en la educación
Authors: Jaramillo Naranjo Lilian Mercedes , Puga Peña Luis Alberto
Published: April 2017

La educación actual debe responder a las exigencias de una nueva sociedad, marcada por la excesiva información proveniente de diferentes fuentes en especial de los medios de comunicación, es por ello que se torna necesario desarrollar en los estudiantes procesos lógicos y abstractos para la construcción y reconstrucción del conocimiento, de manera que logren las destrezas necesarias para que se desempeñen adecuadamente en este mundo competitivo; en virtud de aquello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal propiciar un
espacio de reflexión sobre la relación existente entre los procesos cognitivos y el pensamiento lógico y abstracto, y hacer conciencia que para conseguir personas que desarrollen la percepción, atención, memoria, inteligencia, pensamiento, lenguaje, es necesario la aplicación de estrategias pedagógicas que desarrollen estas capacidades, de manera que se considere que la educación además de cumplir un papel importante en la sociedad debe aportar en el desarrollo de la inteligencia a través del pensamiento lógico abstracto.
Por lo escrito, y como parte del análisis de dicha relación existente se comienza contextualizando el
problema, posteriormente se aborda varios tópicos sobre la base de consideraciones de autores contemporáneos respecto del: Pensamiento, su clasificación, los procesos cognitivos y las teorías cognitivas. Se plantea que estas
tres áreas del conocimiento son relevantes para la comprensión de la relación del pensamiento lógico- abstracto como sustento para potenciar los procesos cognitivos.

El artículo, además, enfatiza que en estos tiempos los docentes “dejemos de enseñar y hagamos que nuestros estudiantes trabajen” esto implica un desarrollo holístico de los procesos cognitivos a través del pensamiento lógico abstracto, empezando el trabajo con sus estudiantes desde los primeros años de escolaridad, en esta perspectiva para conseguir lo propuesto se deberá aplicar actividades y estrategias acorde a la edad evolutiva cuyo propósito final es conseguir de los
educandos potencien sus habilidades cognitivas tan importantes en la época actual.
Pensamiento complejo abstracto en el aula
Authors: Yanes Guzmán Jaime Rafael
Published: April 2017

Actualmente impera en nuestra sociedad el pensamiento lineal cartesiano. Esto ha provocado en el mundo actual una profunda crisis social, cultural y política. La educación también es atravesada por esta crisis. Los cambios que han ocurrido en el mundo que transitó desde un largo período industrial a uno distinto caracterizado
por la información, las comunicaciones, la movilidad, el desarrollo del conocimiento y la complejidad, no ha tenido aún su correlato en la forma de comprenderla.
El actual paradigma cartesiano o ingenieril impide que las actuales generaciones sepan vivir en la sociedad contemporánea. Esto ha significado un daño planetario de enormes proporciones que puede poner en tela de juicio incluso la vida humana. En necesario, entonces, la construcción de una nueva forma de pensar.
Una de las tareas académicas más importantes en la actualidad es tratar de determinar las carencias cognitivas de la humanidad y cómo éstas se trasladan a la educación. Al mismo tiempo, se plantea la misión de superarlas, de descubrir la manera de configurar una nueva forma de pensar, de formar, de educar, una nueva epistemología paradigmática que nos permita entender nuestro hogar planetario a través de un paradigma sistémico, holístico, lógico, transdisciplinar y complejo.
Desde esta perspectiva es posible provocar los cambios trascendentales que la educación y la formación de los ciudadanos necesitan para entregar una visión compleja y de calidad a los niños, jóvenes estudiantes y los profesionales que hoy día están emergiendo desde las universidades.
Inconsistencia de la dimensión analítica-empírica desde la conformación cerebral cognitiva
Authors: San Martín García Rómulo Ignacio
Published: April 2017

Hay una inconsistencia de la perspectiva analítica losó ca de frente a la estructura cerebral; ésta es más que regresión hacia los átomos del conocimiento, que para los analíticos clásicos está en el exterior.

A la arquitectura cognitiva cerebral se la puede vislumbrar como un todo sintético que conjunta las dimensiones internas de la naturaleza humana con la externa, es decir que toma en cuenta tanto la exterioridad como la naturalidad y parte de ambas; en efecto el ordenamiento inteligente sabe bordar lo instintivo y límbico con los datos que le da la sensorialidad y a su vez lo instintivo-límbico en lo lingüístico-lógico y lo sensorial en lo lingüístico-lógico para la plani cación y la decisión, elementos muy propios y al mismo tiempo simultáneos en la estructura cerebral. Por lo tanto, el absolutizar la analítica es realmente una reducción del conocimiento, más aún, la reducción del signi cado de los contenidos a los hechos y a la materia, es un contradictorio cerebral, por la naturaleza misma de su estructura que no parcializa ni reduce nada como si es el caso de lo analítico.

El empirismo clásico y el del siglo pasado delante de los estudios de la estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro, resulta ser parcial, pues poseen una estructura reduccionista que se asimila totalitaria. No es que sea inválido totalmente, sino que es parcialmente válido, es decir que, si se analizan los contenidos desde la sensorialidad cerebral, es más o menos coherente, pero actualmente, quedarse sólo en ese campo e interpretación, e impertinencia cognitiva. 
GFP ELISA Assay Protocol v2
Authors: P. O’Callaghan James , PhD not provided
Published: April 2017

This is the protocolto be used in the quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in mouse brain tissue.
Pierce BCA Protein Assay Protocol v2
Authors: P. O’Callaghan James , Ph.D not provided
Published: April 2017

This is the protocolto be used in the determination of total protein in braintissue by the Pierce BCA method. BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) is used as the standard and samples are prepared by sonification in 1% (w/v) SDS.
The State of Jordanian Women’s Organizations—Five Years Beyond the Arab Spring
Authors: Ferguson Peter A.
Published: April 2017

This paper explores the failure of women’s organizations to effect the improvement of the status of Jordanian women during the Arab Spring. Through an examination of the regime’s political liberalization strategy, leadership failures within women’s organizations, and international donor influence on programmatic focus, the underlying explanation for this failure is found to be rooted in the historical depoliticization of women in Jordan. This is tested in the context of the Arab Spring through an analysis of the results of popular protests, proposed electoral law reforms, and efforts to amend the Jordanian constitution. The paper draws in part on a large collection of interviews and a focus group conducted in Jordan during the spring/summer of 2012, as well as analysis of primary documents from the government and a variety of women’s organizations in Jordan.
In Vivo Potential of Manganese Chelated Porphysomes as MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Zhang Chris J. , Valic Michael S. , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang
Published: April 2017

Porphysome nanoparticles are composed of porphyrin-conjugated lipids. The attachment of the porphyrin moiety to each phospholipid confers novel properties to the liposome-like nanoparticle, allowing it to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The metal chelating properties of porphyrin can be used to bind manganese (Mn), transforming the porphysome into a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previous work has extensively characterized the properties of the Mn-porphysome. Herein, we build upon that work by demonstrating the bio-interactions of Mn-porphysomes in vitro to validate their study in vivo. Particle stability in serum was inferred from fluorescence quenching efficiency, and tolerability to cells was measured using an MTT assay. Mn-porphysomes remained >80% quenched after 14H and showed no toxicity to cells at concentrations below 125 mM. These preliminary results suggest that the porphysome may be used to enhance MRI contrast in vivo.
Adolesan Gebelere Verilen Planlı Eğitimin Annenin Benlik Saygısı ve Bebeği Algılama Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Yılmaz Emine Altun , Savaşer Sevim
Published: April 2017

Objective: This research was done sectionally in order to see the effect of planned training given to the adolescent pregnant about pregnancy, preparation to motherhood, care of mother after birth, newborn care to the mother’s self-esteem and newborn perception.Materials and Methods: Research group was composed of totally 80 literate pregnant women aged between 15 and 19, whose having their first pregnancies where 40 of them were the experiment and 40 of them were the control. Data are obtained by using questionnaire which contained introductory information about the mother, Self-Esteem Inventory and Newborn Perception Inventory. In the evaluation of the obtained data; chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon Matched Two Sample tests were used.Results: Accordingto the results; it was determined that the socio-demographic features of the individuals in two groups, and the babies’birth weight averages, sitting on lap times and their sexes are similar in case and control groups. It is determined that after the training in case and check groups mothers’ self esteem inventory point averages increased. The increase (7.6 ± 8.3) in the case group was significantly more than increase (2.9 ± 8.0) in the control group (t=2.54; p=0.01). It is determined that the mothers’ baby perception situations were not significantly different according to age, education, baby gender, family structure, marriage time, etc. at two groups and the only factor was the income in the case group.Conclusions: In order to raise awareness of child marriages being not normal in the society but an abuse of the human rights, increasing the quality and accessibility of the formal education for the girls, strengthening girls with necessary knowledge, skills and support nets should be provided as well as educating the parents and awakening the society on this topic.
Yaralama Suçlarının Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Kılavuza Bakış
Authors: Aktaş Ekin Özgür , Kaya Ahsen
Published: April 2017

Due to their prevalence, injury crimes constitute a substantial part of crimes evaluated medically. Assessment and reporting of the lesions in injured individuals during investigation and adjudication is a significant assignment incurring liability. In this article, in the light of recent developments we present our opinions, critics and suggestions regarding the guide put together with the purpose of securing uniformity between forensic reporting practices.
CSF flowmetry: an innovative technique in diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Senger Krishna Pratap Singh , Singh Ram Kumar , Singh Ajay Kumar , Singh Ankita , Dashottar Sunita , Sharma Vivek , Mishra Atul
Published: April 2017

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a very gloomy entity. The objective of this study is to analyse aqueductal velocity parameters by phase contrast MRI CSF flowmetry in Idiopathic Normal pressure hydrocephalus patients (NPH).Methods: This study consists of 72 participants which included 36 patients and 36 matched healthy controls. The study stretched over three years in multicentre tertiary research hospitals using 3T MRI scanner. Both normal MRI sequences and phase contrast CSF flowmetry was done for both group of patients and result analysed using SPSS 17 software.Results: Mean age of patients in our study is 61.07 years. The most common clinical symptom was gait unsteadiness in our study. Most common conventional MRI finding was ventriculomegaly with transependymal seepage of CSF. Amongst CSF flowmetry parameters Aqueductal stroke volume, peak systolic velocity, mean systolic velocity, forward flow volume and backward flow volume were statistically significant in differentiating cases from controls.Conclusions: MRI CSF flowmetry using phase contrast method is an advanced imaging parameter which can non-invasively and reliably detect NPH. Also, it can be used to follow the response to treatment following shunting and can act as a prognostic marker.
A késő modernitás globalizációelmélete és a kockázattársadalmi identitás
Authors: Böcskei Balázs
Published: April 2017

Modernity is the sum of the fragmented cultural systems of meaning, that are mutually influentialon each other, plus of economic and political relations continually changing and transforming –a complexity that manifests itself in the structure of the (world) risk society even on the level ofthe individual. Following the late modern turn, the phenomenon of the means and opportunitiesdetermining the ability of choice is not being shared equally, but multiplied as regards globalactors, as well as choice of identity, perceptibility of risks and facing them. The study presentsthe new inequality factors and the asymmetric power relations of the late modernity along theworks by the recently died sociologists of the globalization theory (Ulrich Beck and ZygmuntBauman). In the world risk society, each community and individual bear the risks indifferently.Accordingly, the ascertainments of the study are that the globalised economy and the subjectsof the local poverty do not possess the same degree of the freedom of maneuvering. In orderto demonstrate this and also to identify each postmodern life-strategy, the study relies on theworks on identity by the discussed sociologists. According to the latter, the study concludes, thatthe reflexivity of the risk is the most profitable for those who are in the high position of the newinequality, thus, have the power to determine conflicts generated by them and inflict them onthose excluded from the struggle of definition of risk.
„Vigyázó szemetek ezentúl Moszkvára vessétek”
Authors: P. Farkas Ilona
Published: April 2017

Scheibner Tamás: A magyar irodalomtudomány szovjetizálása. A szocialista realistakritika és intézményei 1945–1953. Ráció Kiadó, Budapest, 2014, p. 316.
HADIS TENTANG KEUTAMAAN BAGI WANITA SALAT DI RUMAH: STUDI FIQH AL-HADÎTS
Authors: Fitriahani Fitriahani
Published: April 2017

This article discuses two texts of the prophetic tradition (hadith) commanding Muslim woman to pray at home rather than in mosque. The first hadith says that women are advised to pray at home. The second hadith states that, it is forbidden to prevent women from going to mosque. Both hadiths are authentic because they are reported by the authorities such as Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Ahmad and Hakim. This means that they do not contradict each other. The first hadist means that, it is better for woman to pray at home rather than in mosque if going to the mosque will trigger immoral behaviour (fitnah). The second hadith means that, women are not forbidden to pray in mosque. Praying in mosque is good for them as far as it does not trigger immoral behaviour.
REFLEKSI PENCIPTAAN MANUSIA BERBANGSA-BANGSA DAN BERSUKU-SUKU (TELAAH SURAH AL-HUJURÂT AYAT 13)
Authors: AM Mirhan
Published: April 2017

In the uniqueness and the various of creating of human covered by Allah The almighty, we can take a study about the relationship between the Quran exegesis and the creating of human, then it reveals the differences of quality between one social community and the others according to their group. Islam with Quran argumentation only sees and values of people based on their piety to The God, Allah, not from the body shape, colour of skin, superiority of certain nation, the language, culture and custom, and other social regulation.