bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disitamab vedotin combined with pyrotinib as salvage treatment in Her-2-amplified treatment refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Wang Jian , Zheng Qinhong
Published: February 2025

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) amplification has been identified in approximately 3% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Owing to the lack of established anti-ERBB2 therapeutic approaches, mCRC patients with Her-2 amplification rarely receive targeted treatments. Moreover, conventional chemotherapy regimens are not ideal for these patients, leaving options in the advanced stage limited to best supportive care or participation in clinical drug trials.

Case presentation

This report presents a case of a patient with Her-2-amplified refractory mCRC treated with a salvage regimen combining Disitamab Vedotin and Pyrotinib, resulting in a partial response and progression-free survival for 6 months, which is still ongoing.

Conclusion

This case study suggests that the anti-Her-2 regimen involving Disitamab Vedotin and Pyrotinib may offer a potential salvage treatment option for patients with Her-2-amplified mCRC patients. However, further validation in larger cohorts is necessary in future studies.
Luteolin inhibits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell growth through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhan Xin-Zhuo , Bo Yi-Wen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Hai-Dong , Shang Zhi-Hao , Yu Hui , Chen Xiao-Li , Kong Xiang-Tu , Zhao Wan-Zhou , Teimonen Timo , Liu Tao , Lu Meng-Yi , Yang Ye , Sun Shan-Liang , Ni Hai-Wen
Published: February 2025

Luteolin, a flavonoid present in botanical drugs, plants, and dietary sources, has demonstrated anticancer properties against various tumors, yet its role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanism of luteolin in DLBCL treatment using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments and computational analysis. Human DLBCL cell lines U2932 and OCI-LY10 were utilized to assess luteolin’s impact on cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins. In vivo, a U2932 tumor-bearing nude mice model was employed to evaluate luteolin’s antitumor efficacy and its effects on JAK2/STAT3 pathway protein expression. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to explore the interaction between luteolin and JAK2. The findings revealed that luteolin significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in both cell lines. In the mouse model, luteolin effectively inhibited tumor growth and downregulated the expression of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 without altering the total protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Computational analysis indicated stable binding of luteolin to JAK2. Collectively, these results suggest that luteolin’s anti-DLBCL activity may be mediated through the regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, positioning it as a potential therapeutic agent for DLBCL.
Effect of hypoalbuminemia on drug pharmacokinetics
Authors: Idasiak-Piechocka Ilona , Lewandowski Dominik , Świgut Wojciech , Kalinowski Jan , Mikosza Klaudia , Suchowiejski Piotr , Szałek Edyta , Karbownik Agnieszka , Miedziaszczyk Miłosz
Published: February 2025

Hypoalbuminemia, defined as serum albumin levels below 35 g/L, is common in patients with conditions such as nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, or sepsis. This review examines the impact of hypoalbuminemia on the pharmacokinetics of selected drugs—such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antifungals, or anticonvulsants—emphasizing its role in drug efficacy and safety. Albumin is the main drug transporter and key binding protein, which influences the free drug concentration and drug activity. The review includes all studies available in the scientific literature found in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The paper emphasizes the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients with hypoalbuminemia to avoid subtherapeutic or toxic drug levels. Many drugs need for dose adjustments to achieve therapeutic levels, especially in critically ill patients. The results of studies emphasize the need for individualized dosing regimens based on TDM to optimize drug therapy in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Our review is the first article to summarize the influence of hypoalbuminemia on the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs and may be a useful tool for clinicians in their daily work.
Extreme events in armed conflicts: a perspective
Authors: Neuman Yair
Published: February 2025

Armed conflicts are characterized by changes in the number of fatalities that may span different orders of magnitude. A change in fatalities, crossing an order of magnitude, may be accompanied by surprise. The paper suggests estimating the probability of extreme changes in fatality (i.e., the surprise) using a physics-informed approach. More specifically, the paper aims to estimate the probability of an unseen event where the increase in the death toll crosses an order of magnitude. The perspective is presented and illustrated with a single case: the postmortem analysis of the 7 October 2023 attack on Israel.
Single-photon imaging for 3D reflectivity and depth estimation in low-light conditions
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Liqiang , Liu Penghuan , Shi Yan
Published: February 2025

Three-dimensional active imaging systems operating in photon-starved regimes have broad applications, including remote sensing, autonomous navigation, and military surveillance. In this study, we present a noncoaxial scanning imaging system capable of generating high-quality depth and reflectivity images with an average of only ∼1 detected photon per pixel, leveraging a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. The accompanying depth retrieval algorithm integrates an l1-norm regularizer and operates without requiring prior knowledge of the number of targets in the scene. This design significantly enhances the algorithm’s robustness and reliability for practical applications. Experimental results validate the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness, underscoring its potential for advancing three-dimensional active imaging under photon-starved conditions.
Duration-dependent physiological, perceptual, and technical changes during a 2-hour low-intensity training session in female cross-country skiers
Authors: Torvik Per-Øyvind , Solli Guro Strøm , Talsnes Rune Kjøsen , Sandbakk Øyvind
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study investigated duration-dependent physiological, perceptual, and technical changes during a 2-hour low-intensity training (LIT) session in female cross-country (XC) skiers.

Methods

Twelve national-level female XC skiers (age:21.4 ± 2.7 years, maximal oxygen uptake: 58.1 ± 5.3 mL min⁻1·kg⁻1) performed a 2-hour LIT session, roller-ski skating in the laboratory while alternating between two main sub-techniques (Gear-2 and Gear-3). Acute physiological and perceptual responses, including oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, breathing frequency, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion, as well as kinematic variables (cycle length and cycle rate), were collected at four consecutive timepoints (T1–T4) for both sub-techniques. A post-session questionnaire collected data on perceived total, ventilatory, and mental exertion as well as perceived training quality.

Results

Relatively small duration-dependent changes were observed for most of the physiological measures. The most pronounced changes were a main effect of time on breathing frequency (BF; F (3,30) = 3.52, ηp2 = 0.260, P = 0.027) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE; F (3, 33) = 4.43, ηp2 = 0.287, P = 0.010). More specifically, BF was higher in Gear-3 at both T2 (45.5 ± 7.7 breaths·min-1) and T3 (45.5 ± 7.7), compared to T1 (43.2 ± 7.3, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of perceived exertion was higher in both Gear-2 and Gear-3 at T2 (G2: 12.1 ± 1.0, G3: 11.2 ± 1.6) and T3 (G2: 12.2 ± 1.1, G3: 11.2 ± 1.6), compared to T1 (G2: 11.5 ± 1.2, G3: 10.6 ± 1.2, all P < 0.05). No differences were observed in kinematic variables (cycle length and cycle rate) between T1 - T4. Lastly, no differences in perceived total, ventilatory, and mental exertion, as well as perceived training quality, were observed between the first and second half of the LIT session.

Conclusion

Well-trained female XC skiers performed a 2-hour LIT session while roller-ski skating in the laboratory with relatively small duration-dependent physiological, perceptual, and technical changes.
Proteomic and metabolomic insights into the impact of topping treatment on cigar tobacco
Authors: Guo Dong , Gao Huajun , Yan Tongjing , Xia Changjian , Lin Beisen , Xiang Xiaohua , Cai Bin , Geng Zhaoliang
Published: February 2025

Top removal is a widely utilized method in production process of tobacco, but little is known regarding the way it impacts protein and metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated the underlying processes of alterations in cigar tobacco leaves with and without top removal, using a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach. The results revealed that: (1) Topping significantly affected superoxide anion (O2-) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, (2) In the cigar tobacco proteome, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 228 proteins upregulated and 156 downregulated. Key pathways enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. A network of 161 nodes interconnected by 102 significantly altered proteins was established, (3) In the cigar tobacco metabolome, 247 significantly different metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 120 upregulated and 128 downregulated metabolites, mainly comprising lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, (4) KEGG pathway enrichment revealed upregulation of proteins such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), and flavonoid 3’-monooxygenase (F3’H), along with metabolites like pinocembrin, kaempferol, trifolin, rutin, and quercetin, enhancing the pathways of ‘flavonoid’ and ‘flavone and flavonol’ biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the metabolic and proteomic responses of cigar tobacco after topping.
Predicting climate-driven shift of the East Mediterranean endemic Cynara cornigera Lindl
Authors: Bedair Heba , Hazzazi Yehia , Abo Hatab Asmaa , Halmy Marwa Waseem A. , Dakhil Mohammed A. , Alghariani Mubaraka S. , Sumayli Mari , El-Shabasy A. , El-Khalafy Mohamed M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Climate change poses significant challenges to the distribution of endemics in the Mediterranean region. Assessing the impact of climate change on the distribution patterns of Mediterranean endemics is of critical importance for understanding the dynamics of these terrestrial ecosystems under the uncertainty of future changes. The population size of the Cynara cornigera has declined significantly over the previous century across its geographical region. This decline is linked to how ongoing climate change is affecting natural resources like water and the capacity of foraging sites. In fact, it is distributed in 3 fragmented locations in Egypt (Wadi Hashem (5 individuals), Wadi Um Rakham (20 individuals), Burg El-Arab (4 individuals)).

Methods

In this study, we examined C. cornigera’s response to predicted climate change over the next few decades (2020-2040 and 2061-2080) using species distribution models (SDMs). Our analysis involved inclusion of bioclimatic variables, in the SDM modeling process that incorporated five algorithms: generalized linear model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Generalized Additive Model (GAM).

Results and discussion

The ensemble model obtained high accuracy and performance model outcomes with a mean AUC of 0.95 and TSS of 0.85 for the overall model. Notably, RF and GLM algorithms outperformed the other algorithms, underscoring their efficacy in predicting the distribution of endemics in the Mediterranean region. Analysis of the relative importance of bioclimatic variables revealed Precipitation of wettest month (Bio13) (88.3%), Precipitation of warmest quarter (Bio18) (30%), and Precipitation of driest month (Bio14) (22%) as the primary drivers shaping the potential distribution of C. cornigera. The findings revealed spatial variations in habitat suitability, with the highest potential distribution observed in Egypt, (especially the Arishian sub sector), Palestine, Morocco, Northern Cyprus, and different islands in the Sea of Crete. Furthermore, our models predicted that the distribution range of C. cornigera would drop by more than 25% during the next few decades. Surprisingly, the future potential distribution area of C. cornigera (SSP 126 scenario) for 2061 and 2080 showed that there is increase in the suitable habitats area. It showed high habitat suitability along the Mediterranean coastal strip of Spain, Sardinia, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, (especially the Arishian sub sector), Palestine, Lebanon, Northern Cyprus, and different Aegean islands.
Genome-wide association for multiple quantitative traits in forage oat germplasm based on specific length amplified fragment sequencing
Authors: Li Yue , Zhu Kai , Cui Huiting , Hu Qiannan , Wang Chu , Jia Fang , Kang Junmei , Ma Chengze , Sun Yan
Published: February 2025

Oats (Avena sativa L.) is an ideal forage species due to its excellent production performance, high nutritional value, and robust adaptability. In the present study, we analyzed plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), stem diameter (SD), node number (NN), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), second leaf length (SLL), and second leaf width (SLW) in a collection containing 340 forage oat accessions, in order to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for identifying markers associated with the eight traits. We genotyped this collection using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Phenotypes for PH, PL, SD, NN, FLL, FLW, SLL, and SLW were collected under natural conditions in four environments. GWAS analyses detected six significant associations for NN and three for FLL. Candidate genes of the nine associations were screened and discussed. Several genes were found to be associated with node number, including zinc finger MYM-type protein 1-like isoform X1, ervatamin-B-like, Pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester carboxylesterase, and ACT domain-containing protein ACR4-like, involved in cell division and organ development. Additionally, three genes were linked to flag leaf length—putative aquaporin PIP2-2, triacylglycerol lipase OBL1-like, and scarecrow-like protein 21—involved in the regulation of plant development and stress response. These SNP markers may be useful to accelerate the breeding progress of forage oat in temperate monsoon environments.
Spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection: recent advances and emerging trends
Authors: Chen Can , Imran Muhammad , Feng Xianyang , Shen Xihui , Sun Zhongke
Published: February 2025

The RNA-based spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) technology represents an ecologically sustainable approach to crop protection and pathogen management. Following the recent approval of Ledprona as the first sprayable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticide by the EPA at the end of 2023, SIGS has emerged as a focal point in both academic and industrial sectors. This review analyzes recent advances and emerging trends in SIGS. The application of SIGS for crop protection, including the control of insects, fungal pathogens, and viruses, is briefly summarized. Distinguishing this review from others, we delve into practical aspects of the technology, such as the selection and screening of target genes, large-scale production methods, and delivery systems, highlighting major advancements in these areas and also addressing the remaining questions and issues, particularly concerning safety concerns and controlling harmful weeds. Finally, this review emphasizes the emerging trends in SIGS technology, particularly its integration with nanotechnology and other methodologies. Collectively, the rapid progress in SIGS studies is poised to accelerate the maturation and application of this technology.
Introgression among subgroups is an important driving force for genetic improvement and evolution of the Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Zhou Jiawu , Li Jing , Zhang Yu , Yang Ying , Lv Yonggang , Pu Qiuhong , Deng Xianneng , Tao Dayun
Published: February 2025

Anagenesis accumulates favorable mutations that enable crops to adapt to continually improving artificial production environments, while cladogenesis results in the deposition of beneficial variations across diverse ecotypes. Integrating advantageous genetic variations from diverse evolutionary sources establishes the foundation for the continued genetic improvement of crops. For a long time, rice breeding practices have been guided by the established belief that the Asian cultivated rice consists of two subspecies: Oryza sativa subsp. indica and subsp. japonica. Integrating elite genetic variants from both subspecies has been a major strategy for genetic improvement. This approach has proven successful through the achievements of temperate japonica breeding programs in China, Japan, and Korea over the past decades. The genetic differentiation within the Asian cultivated rice has been successfully harnessed for heterosis breeding, thereby enhancing rice yield productivity. Genomic investigations have revealed more genetic divergences in the Asian cultivated rice, prompting the proposal of six subgroups within it. This indicates that there is greater potential for uncovering additional genetic divergences and diversity in future breeding practices. Genetic introgression and gene flow among subgroups have led to improvements in agronomic traits within the indica, temperate japonica, and tropical japonica subgroups during the modern rice breeding process. The introgression process has widened the genetic diversity within subgroups and reduced the genetic distance between them, resulting in the creation of new genetic blocks and subpopulations. Artificial introgression has accelerated the evolution process in rice breeding history. Advancements in the study of genetic divergence and diversity in rice offer valuable insights to guide breeding practices. The mini subgroups aus, basmatic, and rayada possess untapped genetic potential but have been poorly studied worldwide; more samples should be further investigated. This information will be invaluable for harnessing these advantageous variations through introgression breeding. Further studying the nature of reproductive barriers among subgroups will enhance our understanding of genetic differentiation, allow us to overcome these barriers and facilitate effective genetic exchange, and even enable us to harness heterosis among subgroups.
Exploring marriage beliefs from the perspectives of married students
Authors: Sadeghian Efat , Ghasemi Seyed Ali , Maddineshat Maryam
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Iranian university students have a positive outlook on marriage; however, certain beliefs may impact their satisfaction with marriage and the quality of their relationships. By examining these beliefs and considering the experiences of married students, valuable information can be gathered to develop policies that protect family rights and support the younger generation.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the beliefs about marriage from the perspectives of married students.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted. University students were selected through purposive sampling at Hamadan University Medical Sciences,…, Iran. Data was collected from October 2022 to January 2023. Semi-structured interviews were held with 24 married students, and the analysis was conducted using conventional content analysis.

Results

In our research, we thoroughly analyzed 51 beliefs about marriage held by students, categorizing them into eight subcategories, including “empathy and simplifying life,” “keeping affection alive,” “effective and transparent communication,” and others. These beliefs were further condensed into three overarching categories: “intimacy and companionship,” “establishing a secure environment,” and “equity and upholding preexisting convictions.”

Conclusion

The research explored the intricate interplay of beliefs shaping university students' beliefs toward marriage. Beliefs surrounding empathy, simplifying life, sustaining affection, and effective and transparent communication contribute to marriage intimacy and compassion. Notably, beliefs concerning security, commitment, and conflict resolution strategies were identified as pivotal for creating a safe marital atmosphere. Furthermore, the presence of beliefs supporting women's autonomy was deemed crucial for fostering equality within marital partnerships, while beliefs endorsing male dominance, religious biases, sexism, and cultural bigotries were found to impact spousal relationships potentially detrimentally.
Epidemiology of herpes zoster in National Guard Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: a 6-year retrospective chart review study
Authors: Farahat Fayssal , AlZunitan Mohammed , Alsaedi Asim , Al Nassir Wafa , Elgammal Ayman , Nazeer Syed , Althaqafy Majid , El-Saed Aiman , Al Enizi Nouf , Hakami Sulafah , Alsharef Zainab , Guzman-Holst Adriana , Alshamrani Majid
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) is increasing worldwide, imposing significant burden on healthcare resources. In Saudi Arabia, local epidemiological studies are limited, and HZ burden is unknown.

Methods

This multi-center, hospital-based, retrospective medical chart review was conducted at five National Guard hospitals and affiliated primary care centers. Patients included military personnel, healthcare workers, and family dependents, in addition to non-eligible individuals via referral from other healthcare systems. Data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records of documented cases of HZ or related complications from January 2017–December 2022.

Results

1,019 HZ cases were identified, with the number of cases increasing annually (2017: 89; 2022: 279). Estimated HZ prevalence over the study period was 0.12%. Mean age of patients was 52.8 years and >50% were females. Most (73.9%) patients had ≥1 comorbidity, most commonly hypertension (38.9%) and diabetes (37.7%). HZ-related complications were detected in 31.3% of cases; post-herpetic neuralgia was diagnosed in 17.6% and disseminated HZ in 5.6% of patients. In total, 12.5% of patients were hospitalized; 1.2% required intensive care unit admission. Mean hospital stay was 10.1 days. Use of antiviral medications was reported in most cases (87.5%). Significant predictors of complicated HZ, identified via multivariable logistic regression analyses, were age ≥60 years (odds ratio=1.42; p=0.03), autoimmune disease (2.45; p<0.01), depression (2.68; p=0.02), and chronic lung disease (1.95; p=0.04).

Conclusion

This study provides updated insights into HZ epidemiology in Saudi Arabia. A high proportion of patients identified in a hospital setting with HZ had comorbidities and a substantial proportion experienced complications.
Proximity care pathways and digitalization: opportunities and concerns for medication safety management—Insights from the ProSafe study on community perspectives
Authors: Moretti Francesca , Mazzi Maria Angela , Montresor Sara , Colpo Silvia , Tussardi Ilaria Tocco , Facchinello Daniela , Robello Raffaella , Ambroso Luigi , Destro Cristina , Leone Salvatore , Petruzzelli Davide , Rimondini Michela , Moretti Ugo
Published: February 2025

Background

Establishing proximity care pathways, including the digitalization of healthcare, is valuable for sustainable management of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Patient-Centered Care (PCC) promotion. However, new safety concerns, particularly in therapy management, may arise. The Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) “ProSafe” aims at (i) explore stakeholders’ perspectives on medication safety management in proximity care and (ii) analyze which determinants affect the community’s perspective.

Methods

A survey was co-developed with a Patient Safety Council (PSC) and the support of a pharmaceutical company. A purposeful sampling strategy was implemented to recruit individuals aged 18 and older. Data were collected using a dedicated online platform; differences between patients’ and healthy people’s perspectives were explored. Preliminary multiple regression analyses were performed to examine how sociodemographic factors, clinical data and level of digitalization affect outcomes using linear and probit models, accounting for the nature of each outcome variable. The models were combined into multiple equations using a Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) approach.

Results

417 individuals completed the survey (81.0% affected by a disease). A positive attitude towards shifting therapy administration from hospital to home setting was observed even if a significantly higher proportion of patients compared to healthy individuals raised concerns regarding a potential negative impact on the doctor-patient relationship (47.0% vs. 32.9%, p < 0.01). Additionally, 63.7% of patients reported they would feel less supported in the care process. The usefulness of telehealth, including tele-pharmacy for drug therapy management, was rated higher by healthy individuals compared to patients (mean value 1.3 vs. 1.5 p < 0.01); 43.9% of patients raised concerns regarding the excessive responsibility placed on them in digital care compared to traditional healthcare. Health status and level of education were the variables most frequently associated with significant impacts across multiple outcomes.

Conclusion

The community’s perspective on the development of proximity care pathways provided valuable insights into concerns, fears, and limitations that could impact the effectiveness of this important shift in healthcare delivery. Effectively addressing these issues is essential to truly bring disease and medication management closer to patients and their living environments while ensuring that the community becomes co-creators in the implementation of proximity care, fostering health equity and patient autonomy.
Circular economy and sustainable development in primary education
Authors: Kosta Aikaterini D. , Keramitsoglou Kiriaki M. , Tsagarakis Konstantinos P.
Published: February 2025

Acknowledging the importance of implementing environmental policies at the ground level, research reveals slow knowledge diffusion and behavioral challenges affecting policy outcomes. Despite the global consensus, national sustainable development policies often remain incomplete. Focusing on education, while the circular economy (CE) is extensively discussed in higher education, it remains notably absent in primary education curriculums. Drawing on the responses of 61 primary education teachers, this study (i) locates the lack of integration of circularity and sustainability concepts at Greek State primary schools, underscores the necessity for their inclusion into the curriculum more systemically and systematically to address disparities, and suggests solutions for a more comprehensive environmental education; (ii) unveils primary educators’ awareness and positivity toward teaching-learning of sustainable development goals and education for a CE and emphasizes on their ongoing support, education, and training.
Stakeholders’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators to implementing extra physical activity in secondary schools to improve adolescents' health and academic performance
Authors: Andermo Susanne , Farias Lisette , Helgadóttir Björg , Ekblom Örjan , Nyberg Gisela
Published: February 2025

Introduction

There is an association between physical activity and both health and academic performance. However, there is still a lack of consensus on how to engage adolescents in physical activity interventions in secondary schools. One approach to better understand the activities and strategies supporting effective implementation is to involve school staff and adolescents in the early stages of planning and preparing for interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how multiple stakeholders, including school staff, students, and experts, perceive the barriers and facilitators for implementing a school-based intervention that extends the school day with additional physical activity in Sweden.

Material and methods

This inductive explorative qualitative study involved 16 participants. Three focus groups with school staff, including principals (n = 3), teachers (n = 6), and students (n = 4), and three interviews with experts were conducted. The planned intervention and its components were presented to the participants in the focus group and interviews to discuss them based on their previous experiences and thoughts of implementing physical activities or health promotion programmes in their schools or with adolescents. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Three categories emerged: (1) “types of activities offered”, highlighting the importance of designing activities that are fun, inclusive and unusual; (2) “integration of the activities into school curriculum” to promote sustainability of the intervention and incorporate physical activity throughout the school day and across school subjects, and (3) “Management support and funding” referring to the funded time and facilities that teachers leading the activities need to facilitate implementation.

Conclusions

Before implementing extra physical activity in a school setting, it is important to understand what activities enhance students' motivation and the type of support teachers need from the school principal and administration. This includes funding for teachers' time, appropriate scheduling of the activities, and access to facilities.
Conceptualizing the governance challenges for food system transformation
Authors: Vignola Raffaele , Oosterveer Peter
Published: February 2025

Approaches to food systems are receiving increased attention because they provide a more holistic perspective on the organization of food production and supply and on how to promote food safety, environmental sustainability, and equity. While the structure and complexity of food systems are widely acknowledged, efforts to understand their governance and possible challenges are just starting. We contribute to conceptualizing these challenges by harnessing the conceptual insights of multiple system governance frameworks. Conceptual and empirical lessons from these frameworks help to understand the possible challenges that may emerge when dealing with key features of modern globalized food systems. These include cross-spatial and temporal dynamics, managing common trade-offs across food system goals, and integrating narratives and policies when dealing with diverse stakeholders, sectors, and knowledge communities. We discuss the implications of addressing challenges that may arise in one or more of these key features, especially under the new governance paradigm in which modern food systems are embedded and in the presence of diverse paradigms and power asymmetries.
Parental Education and Unmet Therapeutic Needs Among School-Aged Children With Developmental Delays: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Survey in Aachen, Germany
Authors: Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Deisz Sabine , Köster Simone , Gube Monika
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Early intervention in the context of developmental delays is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of developmental delays. The purpose of this study was to determine inequalities in the unmet therapy needs of school-aged children with developmental delays by parental education.

Methods

Data from the 2015–2019 school-entry survey of Aachen, Germany, were used (N = 7,211). We assessed unmet therapy needs by parental education for global developmental delays and for delays in physical coordination, selective attention, visual-motor skills, visual perception and reasoning, knowledge of numbers and quantities, and speech and language.

Results

Inequalities in unmet therapy needs were identified across all domains to the disadvantage of children with low parental education. Significant disparities in unmet therapy needs were found for global developmental delay and for delays in physical coordination, selective attention, visual‒motor skills, and speech and language.

Conclusion

Unmet therapy needs affect children with lower parental education more frequently across all areas of developmental delay, highlighting the need for further studies and interventions to explain and reduce disparities in the unmet therapy needs of children with developmental delays.
Are “European” Scrotal Hernias Repairable With the Minimal Open Pre-Peritoneal Technique?
Authors: Soler Marc , Gillion Jean Francois
Published: February 2025

Background

Minimally invasive open preperitoneal techniques are an alternative in groin hernia repair. Scrotal hernias (SH) are frequently difficult to repair laparoscopically, resulting in a significant conversion rate.

Methods

The aim of this exploratory monocentric retrospective study, based on data prospectively collected in the “Club-Hernie” registry, was to assess the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of the MOPP technique in SH repair compared with non-SH repair.

Results

All consecutive MOPP repairs performed from 11 September 2011 to 31 December 2022 were identified in which 2005 MOPP (126 SH and 1879 non-SH) met the inclusion criteria. The results were analysed “as treated” in 125 SH vs. 1879 non-SH. No statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups in terms of age, BMI, and ASA classification. Symptomatic hernias (84% vs. 73%; p < 0.001), and lateral hernias (87.80% vs. 62.81%; p < 0.0001) were more frequent in the SH group. The mean operating time was longer (58 min vs. 39 min; p < 0.0001) in the SH group. The SH procedures were performed under general anaesthesia with a laryngeal mask in 92% of cases. All postoperative complications, except one reoperation in the non-SH group, were classified as Clavien-Dindo Grade I/II. Superficial surgical site occurrences were more frequent in the SH group (14% vs. 3%; p < 0.0001). No peri-prosthetic infections were observed. The outpatient rate was 83% vs. 94% in the SH and non-SH groups, respectively. There were four rehospitalisations in the non-SH group and none in the SH group. The postoperative pain was low and similar in the two groups, except at M1, where the mean pain was lower in the SH group (p < 0.001). A total of 113 (90%) patients in the SH group vs. 1,553 (82%) in the non-SH group were followed for 1 year or more. The number of identified recurrences and reoperations was low and did not differ between the two groups studied. In total, 98% of patients in both groups assessed their surgery as excellent or good.

Conclusion

This exploratory study shows that the MOPP technique is feasible and safe in scrotal hernia repair, with similar results to those observed in non-scrotal hernias. Our next step will be to compare MOPP with laparoscopic and Lichtenstein techniques in scrotal hernia repair.
A Data-Driven State Estimation Based on Sample Migration for Low-Observable Distribution Networks
Authors: Jiao Hao , Wu Chen , Wei Lei , Chen Jinming , Xu Yang , Huang Manyun
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a data-driven state estimation based on sample migration for low-observable distribution networks, addressing the challenge of traditional state estimators being unsuitable for distribution networks with low observability. The state estimation model is trained using historical measurement data from distribution networks with high observability. Measurements updated for low-observable distribution networks are supplemented by transferring samples from high-observable distribution networks using sample migration techniques, resulting in a state estimation model suitable for low-observable distribution networks. Test results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional algorithms in both estimation accuracy and robustness aspects, such as the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and Weighted Least Absolute Value (WLAV) methods. Furthermore, sample migration enhances the generalization ability of the state estimation model.
Optimized Structural Design of a Reciprocating Wing for the Reciprocating Airfoil (RA)-Driven Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft
Authors: Okoduwa Johnson Imumbhon , Ibhadode Osezua Obehi , Cao Yiding
Published: February 2025

The development of unconventional and hybrid unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gained significant momentum in recent years, with many designs utilizing small fans or rotary blades for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). However, these systems often inherit the limitations of traditional helicopter rotors, including susceptibility to aerodynamic inefficiencies and mechanical issues. Additionally, achieving a seamless transition from VTOL to fixed-wing flight mode remains a significant challenge for hybrid UAVs. A novel approach is the reciprocating airfoil (RA) or reciprocating wing (RW) VTOL aircraft, which employs a fixed-wing configuration driven by a reciprocating mechanism to generate lift. The RA wing is uniquely designed to mimic a fixed-wing while leveraging its reciprocating motion for efficient lift production and a smooth transition between VTOL and forward flight. Despite its advantages, the RA wing endures substantial stress due to the high inertial forces involved in its operation. This study presents an optimized structural design of the RA wing through wing topology optimization and finite element analysis (FEA) to enhance its load-bearing capacity and stress performance. A comparative analysis with existing RA wing configurations at maximum operating velocities highlights significant improvements in the safety margin, failure criteria, and overall stress distribution. The key results of this study show an 80.4% reduction in deformation, a 43.8% reduction in stress, and a 78% improvement in safety margin. The results underscore the RA wing’s potential as an effective and structurally stable lift mechanism for RA-driven VTOL aircraft, demonstrating its capability to enhance the performance and reliability of next-generation UAVs.
Study on Particle Size Promoting the Participation of Cotton Stalk Organic Matter in the Humification Process During Pig Manure Composting
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Zhang Yanfei , Zhao Muxi , Wang Longjie , Zhang Chunyou , Zhou Ling
Published: February 2025

In order to study the effect of cotton stalk particle size on humification, cotton stalks of different lengths (5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm) were co-composted with pig manure for 49 days. The results showed that the 10 cm treatment (T2) maintained a high-temperature stage for 8 days, and the total organic carbon decreased by 60.0%. T2 showed the highest cellulose (57.0%) and hemicellulose (77.1%) degradation rate, the lowest lignin accumulation (69.8%), and the highest humus content (34.94 g/kg), which was 88.1% higher than that in the initial stage. FTIR analysis revealed significant changes in functional groups. The aromatic C=C stretching vibration (1650 cm−1) in the T2 treatment group increased by 79.8%, showing a better aromatization degree than the other two groups. Two-dimensional FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that phenolic and alcohol hydroxyl groups were first involved in humification, followed by polysaccharides, hemicellulose, lignin, and aromatic structures, and the T2 treatment group enhanced this material transformation pathway. Microbial diversity analysis identified seven main phyla, among which T2 showed higher Planctomycetota and Acidobacteria abundance, which was closely related to the degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose, and phenolic compounds. Second, the abundance of characteristic species such as Planifilum fulgidum also showed certain advantages in the T2 treatment group. In summary, the particle size of 10 cm optimized the microbial activity and organic matter transformation and effectively regulated the composting humification process.
Physiological Changes and PP2A-C Expression Modulated by Waterlogging Conditions Are Organ-Specific in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Kołton Anna , Czaja Monika A. , Creighton Maria T. , Lillo Cathrine , Wiszniewska Alina , Czernicka Małgorzata , Szymonik Kamil
Published: February 2025

Waterlogging stress leads to a reduction in the oxygen level around the root system (hypoxia). It can be caused by poor air exchange in flooded or compacted soil or in a non-aerated medium. Such stress causes numerous morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. The present study aimed to specify hypoxia-influenced modifications of catalytic subunits of PP2A (PP2A-C) parallel to physiological processes in tomato cultivated in hydroponics. The analysis included ROS detection, photosynthetic apparatus efficiency, expression of the PP2A-C subunit protein level, PP2A-like activity, nitrogen metabolism and soluble sugars. Analyses were carried out separately for leaves and roots. In leaves, there was a decrease (52%) in total PP2A-C in response to hypoxia in the root system, but no significant changes in PP2A-related activity were found. In roots, there was a more than six-fold increase in total PP2A-C in response to hypoxia and this was accompanied by a doubling of PP2A-related activity. The applied stress increased nitrate reductase activity and the levels of free amino acids. The decrease in photosynthesis intensity was noticed in the case of stressed plants. These results show that the level of PP2A-C and physiological processes are differentially modulated by waterlogging conditions in an organ-dependent way.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Nanhaia speciosa Germplasm Resources Using Agronomic Traits, Molecular Markers, and Metabolomics
Authors: Yang Jing , Lai Nanchen , Zheng Yiqin , Ji Ruifeng , Wang Ping , Dai Wei , Cheng Gantao , He Xin
Published: February 2025

Nanhaia speciosa is a valuable industrial crop known for its significant edible and medicinal properties, attributed to its abundance of secondary metabolites. This study aims to elucidate the genetic relationships among N. speciosa, enhance species identification accuracy, and select genetically stable, high-quality germplasms of N. speciosa. To achieve this, we conducted chloroplast gene amplification and sequencing, alongside an analysis of the agronomic traits of 19 N. speciosa germplasms. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomic profiling using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS and chemometric methods was employed to assess their metabolic diversity and genetic relationships. The results revealed notable differences in DNA barcodes and secondary structures across the germplasms, with the atpF-atpH sequence successfully distinguishing all 19 germplasms into distinct varieties. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering, identified 12 key marker metabolites that effectively differentiated the germplasms, consistent with the observed phenotypic diversity. A clustering analysis integrating genetic, phenotypic, and metabolomic data further validated the utility of DNA barcoding for species identification. The results of the comprehensive analysis showed that NDL-2 and NDL-18 exhibited relatively good edible and medicinal properties, while NDL-1 and NDL-19 exhibited relatively poor edible and medicinal properties. This study provides crucial insights for the breeding and genetic improvement of N. speciosa and related species, offering a valuable reference for the identification, conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources within the N. speciosa.
Insecticidal Potential of Baccharis macraei Essential Oils: An Ecological Approach to Their Volatile Composition in Insect Management
Authors: Muñoz-Nuñez Evelyn , Madrid-Villegas Alejandro , Alarcón-Enos Julio , Ferreira-Funes Catalina , Valdés-Navarro Francisca , Santander Rocio , Norambuena-Morales Javiera , Martínez-Lobos Manuel
Published: February 2025

Bioinsecticides based on essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives for agricultural insect control. In this study, the main compounds of Baccharis macraei EOs from two geographical areas were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The insecticidal potential against Drosophila melanogaster, Tenebrio molitor, and Galleria mellonella was evaluated, along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and molecular docking analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed oxygenated sesquiterpenes, such as spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and α-cadinol. The EO from Site 1 (S1) exhibited insecticidal activity with lethal dose 50 (LD50) values of 46.50, 465.76, and 241.2 µg/mL for D. melanogaster, T. molitor, and G. mellonella, respectively. The EO from Site 2 (S2) showed LD50 values of 74.81, 385.62, and 195.2 µg/mL for the same pests. AChE inhibition yielded inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 12.8 ± 0.13 µg/mL for S1 and 11.7 ± 0.07 µg/mL for S2. Molecular docking analysis revealed a strong binding energy between α-cadinol and AChE. These results highlight that EOs from B. macraei are effective and serve as a natural alternative to traditional insecticides.
Enhancing Soil Health and Crop Performance Under Saline-Sodic Calcareous Soil: A Comparative Study of Nano-Sulfur and Mineral Sulfur Combined with Compost Application
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Mohamed A. , Abd Elghany Seiam H. , Elbagory Mohssen , El-Gamal Basher A. , AbdEl-Khalek Ashraf A. , AbdEL-Azeem Seham M. , Omara Alaa El-Dein , Khalifa Tamer H.
Published: February 2025

Calcareous soils, prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions, often limit agricultural productivity due to their alkaline nature and poor nutrient availability. This study assessed the effects of mineral sulfur (312 kg ha−1), nano-sulfur (12, 24, and 36 kg ha−1), and compost (4.8 tons ha−1) on the physical and chemical properties of saline calcareous soils and their impact on maize and wheat yields. The field experiment on new extended agriculture in Mallawy, Egypt, utilized a randomized complete block design. The results showed that nano-sulfur treatments outperformed mineral sulfur. Specifically, the combination of 36 kg ha−1 nano-sulfur with 4.8 tons ha−1 compost improved key soil physical properties, including bulk density, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity. This treatment also significantly reduced soil pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable sodium while enhancing the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and total sulfate (SO42−). These enhancements in soil health led to notable increases in both maize and wheat yields, as well as better crop nutrient uptake. The findings suggest that nano-sulfur, when used in conjunction with compost, is a highly effective amendment for improving the health of saline calcareous soils, enhancing crop productivity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid regions. This combination provides a promising alternative to excessive chemical fertilizers, fostering soil health and long-term agricultural sustainability.