bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulating network revenue optimization for provisioning tactile internet traffic
Authors: Lumbantoruan Deni , Wang Yantong , Mihailovic Andrej , Aghvami Hamid
Published: December 2024

Tactile traffic, crucial for applications like remote surgery, imposes strict requirements on delay, jitter, and packet loss. For ensuring guaranteed transport of tactile sessions, the provision of a dedicated tactile traffic class in the access network is necessary. Unlike high‐priority traffic classes that can tolerate occasional service lapses, tactile traffic cannot compromise on quality. To support tactile traffic in realistic‐sized internet protocol (IP) access networks, the simultaneous provisioning of tactile traffic between all source‐destination pairs is addressed. Tactile traffic sessions that we consider have a modest data rate requirement and sessions size. Therefore, network operators need to find the right balance between tactile and best‐effort traffic to increase revenue. This optimization problem is formulated as a network layer multi‐criterion design problem, aiming to maximize net revenue from tactile traffic while optimizing a similar measure for best‐effort traffic. Linear optimization models prove useful in accommodating and facilitating tactile internet traffic in an IP network, allowing determination of the proportion of tactile and best‐effort traffic that leads to maximum network revenue.
In Situ Gelling Silk Fibroin/ECM Hydrogel With Sustained Oxygen Release for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Haki Mahyar , Shafaei Nadia , Moeini Mohammad
Published: December 2024

In situ gelling, cell‐laden hydrogels hold promise for regenerating tissue lesions with irregular shapes located in complex and hard‐to‐reach anatomical sites. A notable example is the regeneration of neural tissue lost due to cerebral cavitation. However, hypoxia‐induced cell necrosis during the vascularization period imposes a significant challenge to the success of this approach. Oxygen‐releasing hydrogels have been developed to address this issue, but they suffer from fast oxygen release over a short period, limiting their efficacy. This study develops an in situ gelling hydrogel system based on silk fibroin (SF) and decellularized brain extracellular matrix (dECM) with sustained oxygen release and tunable gelation time. Calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CPO NPs) served as the oxygen generating material, which were encapsulated within SF microparticles before incorporation into the SF‐dECM hydrogel, aiming to regulate the oxygen release rate. The total CPO content of the hydrogels was only 2%–4% w/w. Characterization of hydrogels containing various SF concentrations (2%, 4% or 6% w/v) and microparticle loadings (10%, 15% or 20% w/w) demonstrated that SF concentration in the hydrogel matrix significantly affects the swelling, resorption rate and mechanical properties, while microparticle loading has a milder effect. On the other hand, microparticle loading strongly affected the oxygen release profile. High SF concentration in the hydrogel matrix (6% w/v) led to slow resorption rate and high stiffness, likely unsuitable for intended application. Low SF concentration (2% w/v), on the other hand, led to a high swelling ratio and a less sustained oxygen release. Among 4% w/v SF hydrogels, increased microparticle loading led to a slower resorption rate, increased stiffness and enhanced oxygen release. However, cell viability was reduced at 20% w/w microparticle loading, likely due to decreased cell attachment. The 4% w/v SF hydrogels containing 10% w/w SF‐CPO microparticles exhibited relatively low swelling ratio (12.8% ± 2.4%), appropriate resorption rate (70.16% ± 10.75% remaining weight after 28 days) and compressive modulus (36.9 ± 1.7 kPa) and sustained oxygen release for over 2 weeks. This sample also showed the highest viability under hypoxic conditions among tested hydrogel samples (87.6% ± 15.9%). Overall, the developed hydrogels in this study showed promise for potential application in brain tissue engineering.
Template‐Assisted Electrospinning and 3D Printing of Multilayered Hierarchical Vascular Grafts
Authors: Zarei Moein , Żwir Marek J. , Michalkiewicz Beata , Gorący Jarosław , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: December 2024

Fabricating complex hierarchical structures mimicking natural vessels and arteries is pivotal for addressing problems of cardiovascular diseases. Various fabrication strategies have been explored to achieve this goal, each contributing unique advantages and challenges to the development of functional vascular grafts. In this study, a three‐layered tubular structure resembling vascular grafts was fabricated using biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using advanced manufacturing techniques. The outer layer was fabricated by template‐assisted electrospinning utilizing a 3D‐printed scaffold with a precise hexagonal pore design as the template, and the inner layer was coated with gelatin through perfusion. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated into electrospun fibers to enhance mechanical properties. The gelatin coating was applied to the lumen using perfusion coating, resembling the inner layer. Integration of 3D‐printed structures with electrospun fibers via template‐assisted electrospinning and gelatin coating resulted in a seamless multilayered scaffold. Mechanical testing demonstrated robustness, surpassing natural arteries in some aspects, while the gelatin coating significantly reduced liquid leakage, ensuring leak‐free functionality. Cytotoxicity assessment confirmed the biocompatibility of processed materials with fibroblast cells, supporting potential for medical applications.
Meniscal extrusion: Proposal for a novel qualitative classification
Authors: Perelli Simone , Conte Pietro , Pizza Nicola , Morales‐Avalos Rodolfo , Kon Elizaveta , Grassi Alberto , Zaffagnini Stefano , Monllau Joan Carles
Published: December 2024

Meniscal extrusion (ME), defined as the radial displacement of the meniscal body outside the margins of the tibial plateau, has been seen as an independent and relevant predictor of intra‐articular knee degeneration. Nonetheless, available classifications for ME are exclusively quantitative assessments not considering the context in which extrusion is identified. Indeed, ME can be the result of several different conditions spanning from acute tears to chronic degeneration and its definition cannot be only dependent on the numeric calculation of the radial displacement of the meniscal body. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the existence of a paraphysiological ME resulting from joint loading, limb malalignment, anatomical abnormalities of the meniscal attachments to the femur and tibia or a nonpathological finding after meniscal allograft transplantation. It is therefore clear that an exclusively quantitative assessment of ME cannot be sufficient since this condition can develop in such different clinical scenarios. For this reason, a novel qualitative classification for ME is proposed, differentiating between three distinct conditions: a paraphysiological ME, a pathological ME and ME related to degenerative conditions. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the present literature has been conducted to report the most relevant and updated evidence on the topic highlighting the difference in the clinical management of each different category.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Assessing ChatGPT responses to common patient questions regarding total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Artioli Elena , Veronesi Francesca , Mazzotti Antonio , Brogini Silvia , Zielli Simone Ottavio , Giavaresi Gianluca , Faldini Cesare
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Artificial Intelligence is becoming increasingly integrated into healthcare, making it essential to assess its potential as a reliable information source for patient queries in the ambit of orthopaedic surgery. In literature, it is being employed in foot and ankle surgery and total hip arthroplasty. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) version 3.5 to give accurate, complete and comprehensive responses to the most common questions which are usually asked by the patient to the surgeon regarding total ankle arthroplasty.

Methods

Ten most common questions were selected by two ankle surgeons and then ChatGPT was used to answer these questions. The responses were analyzed using an accuracy score and the modified DISCERN score to assess clarity. WordCalc software package (educational‐level indices) was used to assess the readability of the responses.

Results

Most of ChatGPT's responses were considered excellent not requiring clarification or satisfactory requiring minimal clarification. Indeed, the accuracy score was 2, suggesting that the overall responses were satisfactory requiring minimal clarification, and DISCERN score mean was 51, which is considered good‐fair.

Conclusions

ChatGPT demonstrates potential as a tool for responding to common patient questions related to total ankle arthroplasty, offering clear and mostly accurate information. While its current performance is based on the available literature, ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence may further enhance its utility in healthcare communication. However, further studies are required to evaluate its role more precisely in patient information and clinical settings.

Levels of Evidence

Not applicable.
Bridging theory and practice: Experiences of diagnostic radiography students during clinical training in resource‐constrained settings
Authors: Shafuda Sylvia , Daniels Edwin , Karera Abel
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Clinical training is crucial for diagnostic radiography students, bridging theoretical knowledge with practical skills. In resource‐constrained settings, this training may face unique challenges that might significantly impact learning outcomes and future practice. Despite its importance, the experiences of diagnostic radiography students during clinical placements remain understudied, particularly in Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of diagnostic radiography students during clinical training at two resource‐constrained Sub‐Saharan public hospitals.

Methods

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted using face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews with 18 diagnostic radiography students (six each from years 2 to 4) from one participating university. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through prolonged engagement, member checking, and researchers' reflexivity. Ethical approval was obtained before data collection commenced.

Results

Three main themes were generated: (1) Clinical Environment Challenges, including equipment shortages and understaffing; (2) Independent Learning and Development, highlighting students' resilience and self‐directed learning; and (3) Patient Care Impact, demonstrating students' commitment to quality care despite constraints. Students reported increased confidence and adaptability but also noted negative interactions with healthcare workers and supervision inconsistencies.

Conclusions

Despite significant challenges, diagnostic radiography students demonstrated remarkable resilience and commitment to patient care. However, resource limitations and interprofessional issues pose substantial barriers to optimal learning experiences. These findings highlighted the need for targeted interventions in diagnostic radiography education within resource‐constrained settings, including increased investment in equipment and staffing, enhanced interprofessional education, improved supervision models and curriculum enhancements fostering self‐directed learning and resilience.
Balancing Polynomial for Solution Nonlinear Stochastic Itô–Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Beyranvand Zahra , Lotfi Taher
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces an innovative method for solving nonlinear stochastic Itô–Volterra integral equations using balancing polynomials and their associated operational matrices. This approach effectively transforms these complex stochastic equations into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations that can be solved using the Newton method. Balancing polynomials are chosen for their ability to enhance stability and convergence, providing a more reliable and manageable framework for tackling challenging stochastic problems. The paper also includes a convergence analysis and error estimation for the proposed method. Additionally, the effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through four numerical examples. The results obtained from this method are compared with the exact solution and those from other established techniques, including the block‐pulse function method, the shifted Jacobi operational matrix (SJOM) method, and the shifted Jacobi spectral Galerkin (SJSG) method. These comparisons highlight the superior performance and accuracy of the proposed method. All numerical computations were performed using MATLAB.
Null Controllability of Stochastic Degenerate Parabolic Equation With Convection Term
Authors: Yan Lin , Wu Bin
Published: December 2024

This paper concerns the null controllability of stochastic degenerate parabolic equation with convection term in weakly degenerate case. Due to the degeneracy, we first transfer to study an approximate nondegenerate system. Next, we establish the Carleman estimate for backward stochastic degenerate parabolic equation with convection term. In order to deal with the convection term, the Carleman estimate is established by introducing an auxiliary function to transfer the diffusion and the convection term into a whole complex divergence‐like form. By this Carleman estimate, we then obtain an observability inequality for the adjoint system of the approximate system. Based on the observability inequality and an approximate argument, we proved our null controllability result.
Optimized Self‐Consumption of Renewable Energies With Forecast‐Based Energy Management for Agricultural Farms
Authors: Dierkes Eva , Kappertz Lars , Solovievskyi Viacheslav , Hackenberg Annika , Büskens Christof
Published: December 2024

This work introduces an optimally controlled forecast‐based energy management system (EMS) that integrates energy demand and production forecast with optimal control techniques to optimize the management of renewable energy sources. Although controlling the energy generation is not feasible for weather‐dependent power plants, it is possible to predict the amount of energy produced. Self‐sufficiency can be improved by regulating individual devices and storage units based on anticipated energy production and demand. For electricity tariffs much larger than feed‐in tariffs, such demand‐side management can notably improve the profitability of (private) renewable energy systems. The EMS is based on long‐term predictions that enable high‐level control decisions and specific controls for the next controlling steps on a low level. Weather forecasts and forecasts of the power demand and state behavior of each device are considered to evaluate both cost function and constraints for the next prediction horizon. The system's performance is evaluated through a case study, demonstrating its ability to control the energy distribution successfully. The proposed EMS presents a promising approach to smart energy management that can contribute to a more sustainable future.
Simulation of Coated Particles Breakage Using a low Fidelity DEM–BPM Model
Authors: Safdar Wasif , Heinrich Stefan , Düster Alexander
Published: December 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated that filling a ship's double hull cavity with lightweight glass particles, like Poraver significantly enhances its ability to withstand collisions. The energy absorption capability of such particles can be improved by coating them in a fluidised spray granulation process. In order to find the extent of this improvement, a numerical model needs to be developed. For that purpose, the discrete element method (DEM) with the bonded particle method (BPM) is employed using the open‐source code MUSEN. This allows the breakage of particles to be simulated using a cluster of particles bonded to each other. Since a single particle in the experiment is represented with an agglomerate of several smaller particles in the simulation, it significantly adds to the computational costs and limits the scale of the simulations which can be performed. This paper explores the different fidelities of a DEM–BPM numerical model with its advantages and disadvantages in its depiction of a coated particle breakage.
Exploring the chemical and mechanical properties of functionalized bioactive glass powder‐based experimental pit and fissure sealants
Authors: Al‐Mutairi Manal , Al‐Majed Ibrahim , Khan Aftab Ahmed , Bari Ahmed , Javed Ravish , Al‐Sadon Omar
Published: December 2024

This laboratory study aimed to synthesize and characterize experimental resin‐based sealants (RBSs) incorporating bioactive glass powders. An experimental formulation consisting of bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (bisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers was developed, incorporating 20 wt% of one of three distinct functionalized bioactive glass powders [S53P4 (Group 2), Biomin C (Group 3), or Biomin F (group 4)] along with 10 wt% of silica fillers in a resin composition of 70 wt%. The commercially available Seal‐Rite sealant was utilized as the control. Characterization of the bioactive powders was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flowability, depth of cure, compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (FS), and tensile strength (TS) of the formulations were statistically analyzed. XRD revealed increased crystallinity in bioactive glasses. FTIR indicated changes in molecular structures. SEM showed varied particle morphology among fillers. Group 2 (Biomin C) exhibited the highest flowability (15.72 mm), while Group 1 (control) had the lowest, that is, 10.31 mm. No significant differences in the depth of cure were observed. Group 4 had the highest CS (217.01 MPa), while Group 2 had the lowest (186.28 MPa). There were no significant differences in DTS, but FS and TS were significantly lower in Group 2 compared to other groups. The experimental RBSs incorporating functionalized bioactive fillers (Biomin C and Biomin F) demonstrated comparable mechanical properties relative to the control, if not superior. The findings underscore the potential of bioactive fillers in enhancing sealant performance.

Highlights

This laboratory study successfully formulated and characterized bioactive glass‐based resin sealants by incorporating functionalized bioactive fillers (S53P4, Biomin C and Biomin F) in combination with silica‐based fillers for enhanced mechanical performance of experimental resin based dental sealant.

Comprehensive material characterization performed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM, revealing increased crystallinity post‐functionalization and structural changes indicating enhanced interaction between resin and bioactive fillers.

Group with Biomin C bioactive fillers exhibited 52% higher flowability than the commercial control sealant, enhancing ease of application in clinical settings.

While the Group with Biomin F demonstrated 17% increase in compressive strength (217.01 MPa) compared to the control, indicating improved durability under occlusal forces.

Functionalized bioactive glass fillers, especially Biomin C and Biomin F, offer promising enhancements in both mechanical properties and clinical applicability of resin‐based dental sealants.
A methodology for microstructural evaluation of unsaturated flow phenomena by in‐situ UV‐flow freezing
Authors: Staal Jeroen , Caglar Baris , Michaud Véronique
Published: December 2024

Microstructural analysis of resin flow in liquid composite molding is impeded by the absence of a characterization method that possesses both the required spatial and time resolution to capture the ongoing phenomena. An optimized UV‐flow freezing methodology is presented to rapidly capture dynamic flow behavior, followed by high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography (μCT) imaging to extract the flow front morphology. Optimisation of the resin strongly enhances the photopolymerisation kinetics, reducing the gelation time by up to 56%, while an adequate postcuring procedure at moderate temperature is proposed by introducing radical induced cationic polymerization. Additives are identified to facilitate facile variation of the capillary number while distortions of the flow front morphology are minimized by finetuning the experimental procedure. μCT imaging allows for a micron‐scale through‐thickness assessment of unsaturated flow at range of flow regimes corresponding to both capillary‐ and viscous‐dominated flow regimes while the corresponding saturation curves were derived by segmentation of the resulting images.

Highlights

An optimized method for evaluating microstructural flow in fibrous preforms.

Optimisation of the resin composition allows for fast UV‐photopolymerisation.

Additives identified for facile variation of the capillary number.

Visualization of “frozen” microstructural flow by micro‐CT analysis.

Applicable to broad range of flow conditions that normally cannot be captured.
Approaching Universal Prenatal Detection of Significant Cardiovascular Malformations in Nevada
Authors: Evans William N. , Acherman Ruben J. , Kip Katrinka T. , Luna Carlos F. , Ludwick Joseph M. , Rollins Robert C. , Castillo William J. , Alexander John A. , Kwan Tina W. , Garg Shilpi , Restrepo Humberto
Published: December 2024

Objective

To report our recent experience with prenatal detection of significant cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) in Nevada's state‐wide maternal population receiving prenatal care.

Methods

We queried our databases for those with significant CVMs diagnosed pre‐ or postnatally between May 1, 2021, and April 30, 2024. We defined CVMs as those that required, would have required, or will likely require a therapeutic procedure in the first 12 months. Additionally, we included those with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance and left isomeric situs, both unaccompanied by additional CVMs, and congenital complete heart block. We defined routine prenatal care as obstetric care, which included at least one fetal anatomical survey ultrasound.

Results

We identified 390 cases of significant CVMs. Of the 390 cases, 359 (92%) had prenatal care over the three‐year observation period, with prenatal detection rates for the three 12‐month intervals: 76% (87/115), 87% (94/108), and 95% (129/136) respectively (p < 0.001 by chi‐square). A total of 310 prenatal diagnoses were made from comprehensive fetal echocardiograms performed on 8397 pregnant women at maternal‐fetal‐medicine centers.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, these results represent the highest prenatal detection rate for significant CVMs, in a state‐wide maternal population in the United States.
Reversible photoswitching of proton conduction in hetero‐smectic lamellar structures formed by side‐chain liquid crystalline copolymer thin films
Authors: Ishizaki‐Betchaku Yuya , Suetsugu Kota , Hara Mitsuo , Nagao Yuki , Matsui Jun , Seki Takahiro , Nagano Shusaku
Published: December 2024

Spatiotemporal control of ion conductivity is a key issue for creating emerging fields of functional ion‐conducting nanomaterials. In the present paper, we demonstrate the formation of hetero‐smectic lamellar structures, which are formed by nanosegregation of hydrophobic liquid crystalline (LC) azobenzene side chains and hydrophilic acrylic acid side chains via polymer main chains in side‐chain LC (SCLC) copolymers, and the reversible photoswitching of the proton conductivity. Proton‐conducting SCLC copolymers with different acrylic acid contents are synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization. The LC nature of the synthesized polymers is investigated by polarized optical microscope observation, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray scattering measurements. Ultraviolet (UV)–visible absorption spectroscopy and grazing incidence X‐ray scattering measurements reveal the hetero‐smectic lamellar formation of SCLC copolymer thin films. Proton conductivity of the polymer thin films is evaluated by impedance spectroscopy measurements under different temperatures and relative humidity conditions with sequential UV light irradiation. These results indicate that stable and reversible photoswitching of the proton conductivity around one order of magnitude is attributed to the trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene side chains by UV light irradiation. These results offer the opportunity for applications of photo‐functional nanomaterials including emerging biomimetic ionic signal transduction devices and neuromorphic devices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapeutic Bronchoscopic Interventions for Non Foreign‐Body Removal Indications in Children
Authors: Madan Karan , Agarwal Sheetal , Shrikanta Jingade T. , Mehta Ravindra , Devi Kaumudi , Pattabhiraman Vallandramam R. , Srinivasan Arjun , Mittal Saurabh , Hadda Vijay , Tiwari Pawan , Jat Kana R. , Dhochak Nitin , Mohan Anant , Guleria Randeep , Kabra Sushil K.
Published: December 2024

Background

The indications for pediatric airway endoscopy are expanding and a variety of therapeutic interventions are feasible for central airway obstruction (CAO) and other central airway pathologies, apart from foreign body removal.

Methods

In this retrospective chart review from four centers, we describe the indications, procedures, outcomes, and complications of therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions in children for non foreign‐body removal indications.

Results

A total of 72 children (mean age:140 [60.4] months) underwent 143 therapeutic bronchoscopic airway interventions under general anesthesia, via a rigid or flexible bronchoscope or both, between January 2015 and November 2023. 67 (93%) had CAO. The most common diagnoses were posttubercular tracheobronchial stenosis (29%) followed by central airway tumor (26%) and postintubation/posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis (26%). Airway stenosis (subglottic/tracheal/bronchial) was the commonest bronchoscopic finding (43 [59.7%]) followed by endoluminal growth/mass (21 [29.2%]). The most frequently performed procedure was airway dilatation (38, 52.7%), using balloon dilators (89.5%) or rigid bronchoscope (10.5%). Endoluminal tumor debulking was performed in 21 (29%). Assistive modalities included electrocautery (44%), mechanical debulking (10%), cryotherapy (10%), or laser (4%). Airway stent insertion alone or in combination with airway dilatation or debulking was performed in 24 (33.3%) children. The airway conduit used was supraglottic airway in 19 (26%) and rigid bronchoscope in 53 (74%) children. Immediate procedural success was observed in 66 (92%) patients. Fourteen (19.4%) patients had minor procedural complications. Thirty‐three (46%) children required a repeat bronchoscopic procedure.

Conclusion

Like adults, multimodality therapeutic bronchoscopic airway interventions are feasible and safe in children for CAO and other central airway indications.
Modeling of Polarization‐Selective Light‐Coupling in Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors with Small Pixel Sizes
Authors: Bendrot Linnéa , Delmas Marie , Pettersson Håkan , Fu Ying , Ivanov Ruslan , Visser Dennis , Evans Dean , Rihtnesberg David , Buldu Dilara G. , Smuk Anton , Sehlin Susann , Almqvist Susanne , Englund Maria , Tinghag Pia , Costard Eric , Höglund Linda
Published: December 2024

Herein, a model is developed to study the polarization‐selective light‐coupling in quantum well infrared photodetector arrays with 15 and 30 μm pixel pitch. The polarization‐selective light‐coupling is achieved using 1D lamella gratings with varying grating orientation and studied through 2D and 3D finite‐element method simulations. The extracted absorption quantum efficiency ηabs, derived from the field distribution, shows excellent agreement with experimental data in terms of absorption peak position for both pitch sizes. Several factors impacting the simulated absorptance level are discussed and a good agreement between the simulation and measured ηabs is achieved. Thanks to the developed 3D model, the polarization‐selective light‐coupling in pixels with 0° and 45° grating orientation is explored. The developed model paves the way for future studies on enhanced light‐coupling in small pitch infrared detectors using resonance structures.
Distinct Effects of Selective Sn Doping at A or B Sites in BaTiO3
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Hui , Li Si‐Nuo , Li Ya‐Min
Published: December 2024

The effects of selectively doping Sn into the A‐site or B‐site of BaTiO3 on its crystal structure and electronic and optical properties are systematically evaluated using first‐principles calculations, leading to several intriguing conclusions. After doping Sn at the A‐site, impurity bands originating from Sn are generated, which alter the direct bandgap to an indirect one and decrease the bandgap value, thereby reducing the electron excitation energy required. Meanwhile, (Ba0.875Sn0.125)TiO3 (A‐site) exhibits p‐type semiconductor characteristics with holes as carriers, which is beneficial for enhancing the conductivity of BaTiO3. The introduction of Sn–O interactions through A‐site Sn doping reduces the density of states of O‐2p near the valence band maximum, enhances the mobility of oxygen ions, and promotes the occurrence of redox reactions. In contrast, when Sn is doped at the B‐site, the bottom of the conduction band shifts toward higher energy levels, leading to a significant increase in the bandgap. In addition, (Ba0.875Sn0.125)TiO3 (A‐site doped) and Ba(Ti0.875Sn0.125)O3 (B‐site doped) exhibit distinct optical behaviors, thereby expanding the optical application range of BaTiO3‐based materials. This study highlights the distinct impacts of Sn doping at the A‐site or the B‐site on the modification of BaTiO3 properties, thereby paving a novel path for designing advanced materials.
Rank‐Based EWMA TBEA Control Chart
Authors: Figueiredo Fernanda Otilia , Castagliola Philippe , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude
Published: December 2024

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the development of time between events and amplitude (TBEA) control charts. Almost all existing TBEA charts are of a parametric type. Parametric TBEA charts have the disadvantage of being very sensitive to deviations from the distributional assumptions and to the estimation of the process nominal parameters. This emphasizes the importance of developing nonparametric (or distribution‐free) TBEA control charts. In this paper, a new distribution‐free exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) TBEA control chart based on the rank statistic, denoted as rank‐based EWMA TBEA chart, for simultaneously monitoring the time interval between successive occurrences of an event and its magnitude is proposed. This chart is an extension of the sign EWMA TBEA chart and uses a statistic close to the Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney statistic. The run length properties of the new TBEA chart are obtained by Markov‐chain techniques, and some numerical comparisons with other competing charts reveal its promising performance. An illustrative example is also provided to demonstrate the application and the implementation of the proposed TBEA control chart using real‐world data.
Space for Justice in Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) Discourse: Examining Hashtag Co‐Occurrence Networks and Energy Justice Messaging on Social Media
Authors: Si Yutong , Kinol Alaina , Yi Hongtao , Hernández Diana
Published: December 2024

Despite extensive research on energy justice, little has been written about whether scholarly discourse on energy justice has translated into public social media discourse. This paper addresses this gap by examining Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) communications on social media. To date, this study is the first research utilizing social network analysis (SNA) and computational methods to examine social justice messaging related to SDG7 on Twitter (currently known as X) and identify central topics associated with SDG7 communications. The data used include 6059 tweets containing “#sdg7,” resulting in a hashtag co‐occurrence network with 2769 nodes and 22,667 edges. It shows that while related SDG goals, like Goal 3 on good health and well‐being, and themes, such as solar energy and African energy issues, are often discussed alongside SDG7, justice‐related issues like racial justice and important transition perspectives, such as energy justice or just transitions, are less frequently linked to it in the Twitter sphere. The findings suggest a need to better integrate justice topics into SDG7 conversations to shape more inclusive and impactful energy policies.
Alternative Protein Sources: Addressing Global Food Security and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Nirmal Nilesh , Anyimadu Collins Fiifi , Khanashyam Anandu Chandra , Bekhit Alaa El‐din A. , Dhar Bablu Kumar
Published: December 2024

The projected global population increase to 8.60 billion by 2050 and 11.20 billion by 2100 underscores the urgent need for sustainable solutions to secure essential food resources, particularly protein, for human health. Traditional animal‐based proteins, while nutritionally rich, are environmentally costly due to greenhouse gas emissions, extensive land use, and significant freshwater consumption. This review offers novel insights by systematically analyzing alternative protein sources—plant‐based proteins, single‐cell proteins, insect proteins, cultured meat, and duckweed. These alternatives are evaluated for their capacity to meet global protein demand while reducing environmental impact, aligning with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including zero hunger, clean water, and climate action. The analysis reveals that alternative proteins can reduce resource consumption by up to 70% compared to traditional animal‐based proteins, while simultaneously offering comparable nutritional benefits. However, challenges such as production scalability, regulatory hurdles, and limited consumer acceptance persist. To address these, we propose an integrative roadmap involving policy innovation, public engagement, and enhanced technological interventions. This study uniquely contributes to the discourse by synthesizing cross‐disciplinary evidence on alternative proteins and their role in advancing sustainable food systems, offering actionable pathways for achieving global food security and environmental sustainability.
Study on the Properties of CL‐20/NTO Based Pressed Mixed Explosive Under Typical Binder System
Authors: Gao Jiaming , Jin Shaohua , Wang Na , Wu Nana , Zhang Ruxin , Li Lijie , Wang Junfeng , She Chongchong , Chen Kun
Published: December 2024

To achieve a balance between the high energy performance and the enhanced safety in mixed explosives, two mixed explosive formulations based on CL‐20 and NTO were designed, and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and fluoroelastomer (F2603) were selected as binders, respectively. A molecular dynamics simulation of the CL‐20/NTO/binder system was conducted, and CL‐20/NTO‐based PBXs were prepared via the water suspension method. The properties of the CL‐20/NTO‐based PBX were subsequently investigated. The results indicated that the binding energy (Ebind) and cohesion energy density (CED) between CAB and CL‐20/NTO were superior to the interactions observed between F2603 and the explosives. Furthermore, the morphology of powder particles in the CL‐20/NTO‐based PBX, utilizing both binder systems, yielded particles that were more intact, exhibiting ellipsoidal or globular shapes with uniform sizes. The activation energy of the PBXs prepared with the CAB binder system increased by 56.25 kJ·mol⁻¹ compared to that of CL‐20, and were 6.11 kJ·mol⁻¹ higher than that prepared with the F2603 binder system, indicating the improved thermal stability of the CAB PBX. With the same composition of CL‐20 and NTO, the CAB binder system demonstrated a higher detonation velocity, thus providing better energy performance. Slow cook‐off test of the PBX using the CAB system at a heating rate of 2 K/min exhibited a combustion response level, whereas the F2603 system displayed the explosion behavior, suggesting that the CAB PBX system possesses superior insensitivity. Additionally, the influence of varying pressure and temperature on the formability of CL‐20/NTO‐based PBX under both binder systems was studied to enhance data support for the preparation of high‐energy, blunt explosives.
Me (Ni,Mn)‐Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide Composites: Electric, Dielectric Properties, and Electrochemical Impedance
Authors: Myasoedova Tatiana N. , Plugotarenko Nina K. , Nedoedkova Olga V. , Shmatko Valentina A. , Rybyanets A. N. , Kalusulingam Rajathsing , Mikhailova Tatiana S. , Yalovega Galina E.
Published: December 2024

Multilateral electrophysical and electrochemical studies of new composite materials PANI@GO, Ni‐PANI@GO, and Mn‐PANI@GO were carried out in comparison with GO and PANI monomaterials. The samples were characterized by using complementary techniques such as SEM, EDX, PXRD, XPS, FT‐IR, Raman, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Frequency dependences of complex resistance, dielectric permittivity, and conductivity of bulk samples of PANI@GO composite were investigated. The dielectric constant at low frequencies is quite high in composite samples, and it is 6244, 3887, 17802, for PANI@GO, Ni‐PANI@GO, Mn‐PANI@GO, respectively. It was shown from Motta–Shottky plots that the studied materials exhibit n‐type conductivity. The values of the flat band potential, ranged from −1.87 to −0.27 V. When metals are added to the composite, the flat band potential shifts towards more negative values, and the concentration of charge carriers decreases.
Linking D‐Band Center Modulation with Rapid Reversible Sulfur Conversion Kinetics via Structural Engineering of VS₂
Authors: Xia Wenlong , Liu Hengzhi , Chen Yufang , Wu Xingqiao , Du Yuchao , Fu Keyang , Chen Manfang , Yang Xiukang , Wang Xianyou , Shu Hongbo
Published: December 2024

The rapid catalytic conversion toward polysulfides is considered to be an advantageous approach to boost the reaction kinetics and inhibit the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur (Li─S) batteries. However, the prediction of high catalytic activity Li─S catalysts has become challenging given the carelessness in the relationship between important electronic characteristics of catalysts and catalytic activity. Herein, the relationships between the D‐band regulation of catalysts with reaction kinetics toward polysulfides are described. Through the combination of experimental and theoretical analysis, the opportune upward shift of the D‐band center results in a favorable interaction with polysulfides, controlling the adsorption behavior of polysulfides. In addition, the electron regulation achieved by moderately moving up the D‐band center further reduces the reaction energy barrier through hybridization with polysulfides. Based on this, a composite catalyst Mo doped VS2/rGO as a host material is proposed, which provides impressive long‐term cycling stability and superior rate performance. This fundamental knowledge of the inherent connection between the D‐band center of the catalyst and the reaction Kinetics of polysulfides offers a rationale for the development of the Li─S catalyst and the modification of its activity.
Research Progress of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Ocean Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: He Jingshun , Wang Xiutong , Nan Youbo , Zhou Hui
Published: December 2024

The ocean wave energy is considered one of the most promising forms of marine blue energy due to its vast reserves and high energy density. However, traditional electromagnetic power generation technology suffers from drawbacks such as high maintenance costs, heavy structures, and low conversion efficiency, which restricts its application range. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses Maxwell displacement current as its internal driving force, which can efficiently convert irregular, low‐frequency, and dispersed mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator utilizes the coupling effect between contact electrification and electrostatic induction, showing the significant advantages of light weight, high cost effectiveness, and easy expansion. Compared with traditional mechanical energy harvesting techniques such as electromagnetic generators, triboelectric nanogenerators exhibit higher efficiency and output performance in the low‐frequency range. Thus, wave power generation technology based on triboelectric nanogenerators has emerged as a highly potential alternative in this field. Herein, recent progress to summarize the latest advancements in TENG‐based ocean wave energy capture is reviewed. More importantly, the actual progress of TENG with different structures in wave energy harvesting is discussed, providing an overview of the current research status in this field for relevant researchers.
Emergency Response to the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Murakami Takeo
Published: December 2024

The earthquake that struck the Noto region of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan on 1 January 2024 caused extensive damage to many lives, homes, and lifelines in the region and elsewhere, and the extent of the damage extended as far as Niigata, Toyama and other prefectures. Many victims are still forced to live in evacuation centres, and the government continues to support them under the “Emergency Disaster Headquarters for the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake,” which was established on 1 January. The government is also making concerted efforts for recovery and reconstruction of the affected areas under the “Headquarters for Recovery and Reconstruction Support of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake,” established on 31 January. This contribution covers the earthquake and tsunami, the damage caused by these disasters, the initial response after the disaster, and support activities for victims.
Landslide Dam Studies in Uttarakhand, India: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Joshi Shivani , Siva Subramanian Srikrishnan
Published: December 2024

A landslide dam is a natural hazard that results from a landslide of any type whose runout and interaction with local topography and relief deposits it to form a barrier or dam that can hold back river water in the upstream region. The water held behind the dam forms a lake upstream and risks breaching at any moment due to the unconsolidated landslide material. When this dammed lake is breached, it increases the risk of flash floods called Landslide Lake Outburst Floods (LLOF) in the downstream region, posing significant risks to infrastructure and livelihood. LLOFs are prevalent hazards in mountainous regions globally, including the seismically active Himalayas. The northwestern Indian Himalayas (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand) are particularly susceptible to landslides and landslide dams due to weak, sheared bedrock and confined river valleys. This review critically evaluates the current knowledge on landslide dams in Uttarakhand, India. While paleo landslide dam and LLOF assessments are common, proactive monitoring and hazard mitigation strategies remain limited. Here, we comprehensively review historical and contemporary landslide dams in Uttarakhand, categorising existing research methodologies into past, present, and future studies. Past studies primarily focus on paleolakes formed after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and employ various dating techniques for reconstruction. The present studies discuss the landslide dams from 1857 to the present and analyse the most affected catchments, districts, months of occurrence, and the dominant landslide types. Future studies review the utilisation of geospatial technology, numerical modelling, and machine learning algorithms to determine the formation and stability of landslide dams. This comprehensive review of historical, ongoing, and future research on landslide dams in Uttarakhand sheds light on these dynamic natural threats. By deepening our understanding, we aim to empower the development of robust mitigation strategies, ultimately contributing to the enhanced disaster preparedness, risk reduction, and effective mitigation measures in the region.
Understanding Landslide Awareness: Exploring Students’ Disaster Risk Perception in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Hernández-Cadena Karla M. , Garnica-Peña Ricardo J. , González-Sánchez Jorge , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: December 2024

Understanding how individuals perceive and respond to the impact of diverse hazards such as landslides is crucial in effective disaster risk management. This is particularly significant in areas like Teziutlán, Puebla, Mexico, where landslides have historically occurred. This study aimed to understand the perception of landslide risk among students in this area. The research methodology involved identifying a school near landslide-prone areas and conducting a risk perception survey. The survey assessed students’ perceptions of landslide risk, knowledge of hazards and exposure, previous experience with landslides, information and media, landslide preparedness, and communication. The data was collected through paper-and-pencil surveys. The study results can be used to improve disaster awareness and preparedness, reduce disaster risk and mitigate the impact of landslide disasters in the municipality of Teziutlán and similar mountain regions. This study is a valuable contribution to disaster risk perception and awareness literature, focusing specifically on higher education students in areas susceptible to landslides.
Simple Method of Risk Assessment for Landslides: A Case Study of the JICA Project in Honduras
Authors: Hirota Kiyoharu , Uzawa Kosuke , Kuwano Takeshi
Published: December 2024

This paper describes a simple method of risk assessment for landslides. The study area is landslide-prone in the northern part of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. In creating a landslide risk map from a landslide hazard map, the authors used a matrix diagram as a risk analysis method to classify risks by focusing on the relationship between the degree of landslide hazard and the number of houses free from landslides. The authors will introduce the activities involved in the process leading up to risk assessment and a simple method from creating a landslide survey sheet to creating a landslide risk map. It is a part of the activities of the Japan International Cooperation Agency.