bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stambulas konvencijas ratificēšana Eiropas Savienības personā pretēji visu Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstu piekrišanai
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Soņeca Viktorija
Published: June 2021

In the words of the Venice Commission, “[t]he added value of the Istanbul Convention [..] is that it is the first European instrument to deal with violence against women and domestic violence in a comprehensive manner. It introduces new provisions requiring a specific institutional setup [..] and foresees concrete prevention measures [..]; protection measures [..] and – under substantive law – civil, administrative and criminal law measures, as well as procedural safeguards for victims. It is also the first European instrument that links these phenomena expressly to harmful gender stereotypes.” However, accession to the Istanbul Convention has provided the backdrop for considerable tension both amongst the Member States and in the European Union. On the one hand, the participation of the former has been characterized by divergent approaches, tensions and controversy. On the other hand, there has been an inter-institutional conflict about the signature and conclusion of the Istanbul Convention on behalf of the European Union. This conflict is about everything a European Union external relations lawyer would like to talk about, namely, competences, procedure, and political disagreement. At the time of writing, these issues are examined by the European Court of Justice after the European Parliament requested an opinion under Article 218(11) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Satversmes tiesas loma leģisprudences attīstībā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Stupins Andrejs
Published: June 2021

Concurrently with the increase in case throughput in the last four years, a transformation can be observed in the methodology of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia (Satversmes tiesa), specifically pertaining to assessing the quality of lawmaking, which leads to further understanding of the principle of good legislation. Without a doubt, such changes, including the processualization of encroachment on fundamental rights, have impacted the interaction and joint functioning of two constitutional bodies – parliament (Saeima) and ­Satversmes tiesa – as well as the content of the principle of inter-institutional ­loyalty. This article emphasizes the impact of such reasonably dynamic (and, arguably, evolutionary or even revolutionary) changes on the process of new lawmaking. Additionally, within the context of the power of Satversmes tiesa, its role in the development of legisprudence is examined.
Būvprojekta apstiprināšana Latvijā 1920.–1940. gadā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Bruģe Zoja
Published: June 2021

The article considers the legal aspects of construction law in Latvia in 1920–1940, describing historical legal aspects of the building plan (construction project, building design) approval process. Requirement to approve the building plan was the main precondition for implementing the idea of construction. The article is the first study about legal aspects of the construction industry on the issue of the building plan approval process in Latvia in 1920–1940.
Francijas tiesību ietekme uz izmeklēšanas tiesneša institūta izveidi Krievijas impērijas 1864. gada tiesu reformas ietvaros
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Skutele Signe
Published: June 2021

During the reform of 20 November 1864, emulating the most current Western European legal traditions, especially considering the example of France and its outlook on rights, the institute of examining magistrate was created in the Russian Empire. Originally intended as a judge with all related guarantees, ultimately, with the aid of the police, it ended up performing an investigation under the supervision of prosecutors. Consequently, the inquisitorial procedures secured substantial impact on preliminary criminal proceedings. In this article, the author focuses on the analysis of historical genesis of the examining magistrate institute in France and the Russian Empire, researching the impact of the French law pertaining to the examining magistrate established under the reforms in the Russian Empire and the differences between the two countries regarding nature of the institute.
Tiesu varas jēdziens leģitimācijas kontekstā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Adamoviča Diāna
Published: June 2021

In a democratic state, which is guided by the rule of law, the bodies of state draw their legitimate power from sovereign, including judiciary bodies. Therefore, the opinion of nation is of a critical importance. The aim of this paper is to find out whether the examined aspects of democratic legitimacy require judiciary to communicate with the society. In order to achieve this aim, the author will analyse historical reasons behind society’s trust in judiciary on the basis of philosophical categories. The author applies historical and analytical methods.
Satversmē ietverto vērtību jēdzienu satura konkretizēšana starp jurisprudences un politikas dzirnakmeņiem
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Pazare Iveta
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the notion of human dignity and specifies its scope in recent judgements by the Constitutional Court in 2020, resulting in opinion collisions among different social groups and even very harsh counter-reaction from the legislators, eventually leading to initiation of the Constitution amendments to change the “erroneous” judgement. Analysis of the Constitutional Court judgements identifies pre-requisites for judi­cial activism, as the Constitutional Court enters the domain of legislators, and it also evaluates whether such activism is permissible under the specific legal and political circumstances. In the final part of the paper, the author draws a considered conclusion that in this case judicial activism could be justified.
Noziedzīgi iegūtas mantas institūta tiesiskais regulējums Latvijas Republikā starpkaru periodā
Authors: Sergejeva Daira
Published: June 2021

This article provides an insight into the basic principle of the Institute of Criminally Acquired Property during the interwar period in the Republic of Latvia. It is important to mention that nowadays, until the amendments of March 4, 2021 to Section 360 of the Criminal Procedure Law was adopted, if criminally acquired property has been found on a third person and criminally acquired property has been returned to the owner or lawful possessor thereof, a third person was only entitled to compensation. On the other hand, upon the entry into force of the amendments to Section 360 of the Criminal Procedure Law, a third person, similarly to the interwar period, in exceptional cases also has the right to property that has been recognized as criminally acquired.
Likums runā latviski: cīņas par juridisko valodu “Tieslietu Ministrijas Vēstneša” lappusēs
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Gailīte Dina
Published: June 2021

Until the establishment of the Latvian state, the Latvian language was not used in public administration, laws, and the legal system. After the establishment of the state, the Latvian language became the state language, and there was an urgent need to develop terminology in numerous spheres, including justice. The authors of the publications of the law journal “Tieslietu Ministrijas Vēstnesis” (Journal of the Ministry of Justice) actively participated in this process. The discussions about terminology of two major codes, the Penal Law (Criminal Code) and the Civil Law (Civil Code), were particularly extensive.
Varas dalīšana Latvijā. Parlaments un valdība – amatu savienošana
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Hodosevičs Tomass
Published: June 2021

The principle of separation of power as a principle of a democratic state, which is derived from the overriding principle of a state governed by the rule of law and falls within the scope of Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (Satversme), determines the separation of branches of state power. The need to respect the principle derives from considerations of respect for the freedom of individuals and is well established. There is no doubt that a distinction must be made between authorities belonging to different branches of power, however, a disagreement emerges as regards the categorical nature of the principle of overlapping. Legislation of the Republic of Latvia allows for the concurrent performance of the positions of a member of the parliament and the government, which means that the state official acts simultaneously in the legislative and executive powers. Respective practices can lead to risks such as conflicts of interest and misuse of power.
Konfidencialitātes princips mediācijā un tā izņēmumi
Authors:   Biznesa augstskola Turība, Rone Dana
Published: June 2021

The article analyses mediation confidentiality principle and its exceptions in Latvia. Mediation as one of ADR methods is legally regulated in several normative enactments. Since 2014, when Mediation Law was adopted, a number of mediated cases has substantially increased. One of the most significant keys of success of mediation is confidentiality. Any devaluation of mediation confidentiality endangers its effectiveness. A principle of confidentiality does not have explicit content and clear borderlines, especially if compared across different mediation legal enactments. The object of the article is a concept of confidentiality principle. The aim of the article is to analyze the scope of confidentiality principle, and to disclose legal weakness of mediation con­fidentiality protection.
Par tautas tiesībām un faktiskām iespējām grozīt Latvijas Republikas Satversmi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Balodis Ringolds
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the mechanism – procedure for amending Latvian Constitution – Satversme. Satversme guarantees the people (totality of citizens) the right to amend Satversme in the procedure of referendums. The aim of the article is to clarify whether the people of Latvia really have means to amend Satversme, or is this right just a formal notion, and not enforceable in reality. The author explores whether the constitutional legislator, aiming to ensure constitutional stability, has not set an exaggeratedly high quorum of voters’ participation in the referendum for all articles of the Satversme, and whether the mechanism of referendum in Latvia has not become incapable of functioning.
Procesuālās autonomijas princips un tā ietekme uz nacionālo tiesību sistēmu
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Briede Jautrīte
Published: June 2021

The article begins with a general overview of the content of the principle of procedural autonomy, its development and basic criteria, focusing on the efficiency. The article also discusses some issues related to the findings of recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union that could have an impact on Latvian procedural law.
Finanšu līdzekļu arests tiesību uz īpašumu aizstāvības kontekstā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Reinfelds Vadims
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to analyse the problematic aspects of seizure of criminal assets. The paper examines 30 decisions of investigating judges to seize property and higher court decisions, as well as claims and other decisions related to seizure. The article mainly analyses the application of legal norms and general legal principles, as well as the inconsistency of certain legal norms with the constitution (Satversme). The most significant problems are the following: (1) the court does not assess the evidence on the merits; (2) there is no right to request the revocation of the asset seizure in court; (3) the time limits for asset seizure are disproportionately long; (4) the presumption of criminal origin is not restricted in practice to criminals or related parties; (5) suspicious activity is the only evidence of criminal origin. The problems manifest themselves as a violation of fundamental rights, including the right to a fair trial, equality before the law and the right to property.
Atteikšanās no militārā dienesta izpildes pacifisma vai principiālu iebildumu dēļ
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Katajeva Viktorija
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is twofold: to determine whether the legal provisions of the Military Service Law contain restrictions of the refusal to perform military service due to pacifism or principled opposition; and to estimate whether such restrictions of fundamental rights are justified. The author concludes that the existing regulation does not comply with the principle of proportionality and thereby can be recognized as unjustifiable violation of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Samērīguma principa izpratne un piemērošana publiskajā iepirkumā iesniegta piedāvājuma izvērtēšanā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Gaile Džeina
Published: June 2021

The principle of proportionality is one of the most important principles of public law, and it has been included amongst the public procurement principles in Directive 2014/24/EU. It requires that action undertaken must be proportionate to its objectives. In this article, the author explores the place of this principle in the public procurement field and application in the process of evaluation of a tender. It is concluded that this principle is both important when determining procurement requirements and evaluating tenders. For example, the contracting authority should not reject a tender for formal reasons. However, it can be difficult to evaluate whether this principle is complied with since in evaluation of tenders it is applied on a case-by-case basis.
Publiskas personas neatbilstošas rīcības ar finanšu līdzekļiem ietekme
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Pankrate Elīna
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the consequences and effect of inappropriate and unlawful management of financial resources and property by a public person. A management of financial resources and property by a public person is primarily assessed in the context if its action in the field of private law – by participating in commercial activities. This paper summarises the information about the effect and consequences brought about by operations with financial resources and property of public person by unlawful involvement in commercial activities, which the Competition Council has established in its practice.
Parlamentārās kontroles īstenošanas īpatnības un problēmjautājumi Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Kuzņecovs Aleksandrs
Published: June 2021

Due to rapid spread of Covid-19 worldwide, Latvian government declared the state of emergency. This decision was adopted by the parliament in order to contain the virus and undertake all the necessary measures to prevent its further spread. At the same time, it is clear that government’s actions undertaken within the state of emergency mostly remain unchecked. The absence of any legal basis for the parliament to extend their oversight during the state of emergency makes role of the parliament in these circumstances unclear. The current position of the parliament precludes political and legal liability over the executive and their officers. Lack of the delegated legislative and human rights restriction clause applicable specifically during the state of emergency raises questions regarding powers of the government and parliamentary control during the state of emergency. The article explores the possible solutions to rectify such flaws in the legal system of the Republic Latvia
Pieteikuma tiesības administratīvajā tiesā: nacionālo tradīciju un Eiropas Savienības tiesību savstarpējā mijiedarbība
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Bērtaite-Pudāne Inga
Published: June 2021

Standing before court is one of the preconditions for admissibility of application, which is to be evaluated by a judge in every administrative case. The article proposes to look at this aspect of the national procedural law on a broader scale. Firstly, the article provides an insight as to how two fundamental models of standing vested by the administrative law have developed in the law of continental Europe – interest-based, which is embodied by France, and rights-based, which is embodied by Germany, and how they have influenced development of the standing in other countries. Secondly, the article explores an interaction between the national law of standing and the European Union law, focusing on the effect of the principle of effective judicial protection in respect of standing of individuals before the national courts.
Prettiesiskuma izpratnes problemātika krimināltiesībās
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Krastiņš Uldis
Published: June 2021

The article provides an analysis of unlawfulness as one of the features pertaining to the common element of a criminal offence, and draws the distinction between unlawfulness and the constituent elements of a criminal offence. An opinion has been expressed that linkage of act (failure to act) to the violation of specific provisions regarding protection and precaution in the disposition of a complex criminal offence does not influence the form of guilt in the actual criminal offence. The author proposes an idea that the existence of a complex criminal offence has been determined by the significance of the object (interest) of the endangerment, the character of the harmful manifestation and other objective circumstances.
Krimināllikuma vispārīgās daļas normu attīstība, skaidrība un saprotamība
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Vīnkalna Evija
Published: June 2021

Large number of the amendments made to the General Part of the Criminal Law is related to regulation of the punishment and its determination issues.The aim of the article is to analyse the development, significance, clarity and comprehensibility of punishment, its purpose, as well as its role in the formation of the punish­ment system and determination of punishment. The article draws attention to understanding of resocialisation of punished persons, taking into account that it, as a separate component of the punishment purpose, was included with the amend­ments of 13 December 2012, as well as that the amendments of 17 December 2020 (to enter into force on 1 January 2022) stipulate that resocialisation is primarily for minors.
Vai Krimināllikuma norādes par noziedzīgo nodarījumu vainas formām ir pietiekoši skaidras?
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Leja Māris
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the flaws of the Criminal Law in determination of the particular form of mental element (mens rea) which is required for the specific criminal offense. Taking into account that the majority of legal provisions does not contain such indications, one of the elements of criminal offense is not described by the law. Such legislator`s approach raises doubts about the compliance of the Criminal Law with the principle of legal certainty. The article also criticizes opinions expressed in legal theory that attempt to fill the gaps allowed by the legislator, as well as offers amendments to the Criminal Law aiming to improve its coherence.
Maksāšanas līdzeklis un dati, kas dod iespēju nelikumīgi izmantot maksāšanas līdzekli, kā noziedzīga nodarījuma priekšmets
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Hamkova Diāna
Published: June 2021

Taking into account the rapid development of digital economics, the article reviews understanding of the concepts “means of payment” and “data enabling the illegal use of a payment instrument”. In the Criminal Law, Section 193, paragraph two, and Section 193,1 paragraphs one and two legislator has determined liability for activities with different types of objects, understanding of which is a precondition for correct qualification of criminal offence. Admittedly, there is no uniform understanding of these issues in court practice. The aim of the article is to discuss these two objects of criminal offence in order to bring clarity in their under­standing and to make suggestions for distinguishing these two criminal offences.
Tiesību normu interpretācijas nozīme tiesību normu kvalitātes sekmēšanā: Krimināllikuma 191. panta gadījums
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Čevers Toms
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the evolution of the Section 191 “Unauthorised Activities with Goods and Other Valuable Property Subject to Customs Clearance” of the Criminal Law of the Republic of Latvia. Author draws the attention to significant changes in grammatical, systematic and teleological interpretation of the scope of this legal norm. It has been found that current criminal offence no longer provides for a criminal liability for unlawful activities with smuggled goods in the interior market but it distinctly criminalizes violations of the rules of customs procedures when the goods have been previously imported lawfully.
Pierādījumu pārbaude kriminālprocesā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Kulmanis Oskars
Published: June 2021

The article addresses specific aspects of the principle of equality of arms, which is one of the fundamental principles that secures the rights of an accused person in court proceedings in criminal cases. It outlines one particular aspect laid down in Article 6 § 3 (d) of the European Convention of Human Rights, that is, the right of an accused person to examine witnesses against him. Another important aspect which concerns the rights of an accused person to examine the witnesses against him is an obligation for the national courts to justify convictions with the evidence verified in a court hearing. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia and the European Court of Human Rights have emphasized several important practices of principle of fair trial which determine the justification of convictions with the evidence that has not been verified in court proceedings in criminal cases.
Līdzsvars starp atklātumu un interesēm izskatīt lietu slēgtā tiesas sēdē Kriminālprocesa likumā un tā piemērošanā praksē
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Gribonika Ērika
Published: June 2021

The article is designed as a doctrinal, descriptive study that examines the prin­ciple of openness in criminal proceedings. It is structured in two parts; the first part identifies the content and significance of openness as a constitutional value in a democratic state governed by the rule of law, whereas the second part of the article describes the restrictions of the principle of openness set by the legislator in the Criminal Procedure Law, as well as outlines the content of the interests for the protection of which these restrictions have been created. Finally, the mechanisms established by law for maintaining the created balance are considered.
Kriminālprocesuāla, civilprocesuāla vai administratīvi procesuāla konfiskācija
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Kūtris Gunārs
Published: June 2021

The confiscation or forfeiture of crime proceeds is an important challenge in the fight against crime in every country. The Latvian Criminal Procedure Law (2005) provides ability of confiscating criminally acquired property before the sentencing of the guilty person, as well as the ability to apply extended confiscation for a convicted person. However, in recent years, practices and amendments to the law show trends that raise doubts about respect for human rights and principles of criminal proceedings in confiscation processes. The article deals with other countries’ experience in the confiscation of property of uncertain origin in various processes – administrative, civil and criminal proceedings. The summary gives the author’s conclusions on the legally correct confiscation process.
Vienkāršotie procesi – līdzsvara meklējumos starp taisnību un ātrumu
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultāte, Maizītis Jānis
Published: June 2021

The author focuses on the concepts of truth and speed in the context of criminal proceedings, particularly with regard to the links between truth and speed, and the requirements to ensure fair regulation of criminal proceedings. The author analyses the concepts of speed and truth as they relate to simplified criminal proceedings. The author examines the efficacy of criminal proceedings and human rights not only as they relate to the subjects of criminal proceedings but also to other participants in this process. The author outlines possible theoretical and practical solutions to these issues.
DOENÇA FALCIFORME: PLANO DE CUIDADOS PARA O ATENDIMENTO EM UNIDADES DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Santana da Silva Liliany , Rolim Borges-Paluch Larissa
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi instrumentalizar a equipe atuante nas Unidades de Saúde da Família para realização do acolhimento e atendimento ao paciente com doença falciforme. A pesquisa foi realizada com indivíduos com doença falciforme atendidas nas unidades de saúde da família de dois municípios do recôncavo baiano. A partir dos resultados obtidos produziu-se um plano de cuidados direcionado para esse público contemplando as principais intercorrências/quadro clínico e condutas diante de determinados quadros sintomatológicos. Além disso, retrata os principais problemas identificados e traça estratégias para sua minimização e aprimoramento no acolhimento desse público. O plano possui grande relevância, pois pode subsidiar a tomada de decisão por parte da gestão e contribuir para a melhora do atendimento dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos e no planejamento de ações locais e municipais contribuindo para reduzir as vulnerabilidades e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com doença falciforme.
Prognosis of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in the setting of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Alayan Dina , Kewan Tariq , Alwakeel Mahmoud , Alqaisi Sura , Gunaratne Tarini , Mushtaq Komal , Daw Hamed , Haddad Abdo
Published: June 2021

Background Although several studies discussed new-onset
thrombocytopenia in the setting of COVID-19 infection, the course of
chronic ITP in patients with COVID-19 and the propensity to relapse
remains not well addressed. Methods This a retrospective study
that included all adult patients with the diagnosis of chronic ITP who
admitted to
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum mimicking acute pericarditis
Authors: Chaudhary Haseeb , Yousaf Zohaib , Nasir Usama , Waheed Tayyab , Syed Khezar
Published: June 2021

ST-segment changes may provide a clue to the presence of
pneumopericardium accompanying SPM. These EKG changes associated with
SPM are rare. The management in SPM with concurrent pneumopericardium is
mainly supportive. We describe two SP cases with concomitant
pneumopericardium that presented with a deceptive clinical spectrum,
closely mimicking acute pericarditis.
Quantitative CT lung densitometry for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans in children
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Kim Seong koo , Lee Jae Wook , Im Soo Ah , Chung Nack Gyun , Cho Bin
Published: June 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative
diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) densitometry in
pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) patients. Methods: A
retrospective chart review was performed on 109 children under age 18
who underwent 3D chest CT from March 2019 to March 2021. We measured the
mean lung density (MLD) and calculated the difference of MLD (MLDD) in
expiratory and inspiratory phase, the expiratory to inspiratory ratio of
mean lung density (E/I MLD), and the relative volume percentage of lung
density at 50 HU intervals (E600 to E950). We calculated the
sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of lung density
indices for the diagnosis of BO. Results: A total of 81 patients, 51 BO
patients and 30 controls, were included in this study (mean age: 12.7 vs
11.4 years). Expiratory (EXP) MLD, MLDD, E/I MLD, and E900 were all
statistically significantly worse in the BO group. Multivariate logistic
regression analysis showed that MLDD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, p
< .001), E/I MLD (OR = 1.39, p < .001), and E850 (OR
= 1.54, p = 0.003) were significant densitometry parameters for BO
diagnosis. In ROC analysis, E900 (cut-off 1.4%; AUC = 0.920), E/I MLD
(cut-off 0.87; AUC = 0.887), and MLDD (cut-off 109 HU; AUC = 0.867)
showed high accuracy in diagnosis of BO. Conclusion: The quantification
of lung density with chest CT complements the diagnosis by providing
additional indications of expiratory airflow limitation in pediatric BO
patients.
The Role of GIP Receptor in the CNS for the Pathogenesis of Obesity
Authors: Fukuda Makoto
Published: June 2021

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a hormone produced in the upper gut and secreted to the circulation in response to the ingestion of foods, especially fatty foods. Growing evidence supports the physiological and pharmacological relevance of GIP in obesity. In an obesity setting, inhibition of endogenous GIP or its receptor leads to decreased energy intake, increased energy expenditure, or both, eventually causing weight loss. Further, supraphysiological dosing of exogenous long-lasting GIP agonists alters energy balance and has a marked antiobesity effect. This remarkable yet paradoxical antiobesity effect is suggested to occur primarily via the brain. The brain is capable of regulating both energy intake and expenditure and plays a critical role in human obesity. In addition, the GIP receptor is widely distributed throughout the brain, including areas responsible for energy homeostasis. Recent studies have uncovered previously underappreciated roles of the GIP receptor in the brain in the context of obesity. This article highlights how the GIP receptor expressed by the brain impacts obesity-related pathogenesis.
Single-Cell Mapping of GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Expression in the Dorsal Vagal Complex
Authors: Ludwig Mette Q. , Todorov Petar V. , Egerod Kristoffer L. , Olson David P. , Pers Tune H.
Published: June 2021

The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in the hindbrain, composed of the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, plays a critical role in modulating satiety. The incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) act directly in the brain to modulate feeding, and receptors for both are expressed in the DVC. Given the impressive clinical responses to pharmacologic manipulation of incretin signaling, understanding the central mechanisms by which incretins alter metabolism and energy balance is of critical importance. Here, we review recent single-cell approaches used to detect molecular signatures of GLP-1 and GIP receptor–expressing cells in the DVC. In addition, we discuss how current advancements in single-cell transcriptomics, epigenetics, spatial transcriptomics, and circuit mapping techniques have the potential to further characterize incretin receptor circuits in the hindbrain.
The Role of GIP in the Regulation of GLP-1 Satiety and Nausea
Authors: Hayes Matthew R. , Borner Tito , De Jonghe Bart C.
Published: June 2021

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is best known for its role as an incretin hormone in control of blood glucose concentrations. As a classic satiation signal, however, the literature illustrates a mixed picture of GIP involvement with an at best weak anorectic response profile being reported for GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling. Not surprisingly, the pursuit of exploiting the GIP system as a therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity has fallen behind that of the other gastrointestinal-derived incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). However, recent discoveries highlighted here support potential therapeutic advantages of combinatorial therapies targeting GIP and GLP-1 systems together, with perhaps the most surprising finding that GIPR agonism may have antiemetic properties. As nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of all existing GLP-1 pharmacotherapies, the ability for GIP agonism to reduce GLP-1–induced illness behaviors but retain (if not enhance) weight loss and glycemic control may offer a new era in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Eye Outcomes in Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) After 17 Years
Authors: Azad Nasrin , Agrawal Lily , Bahn Gideon , Emanuele Nicholas V , Reaven Peter D , Hayward Rodney , Reda Domenic , Group the VADT Study
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term role of intensive glycemic control
(INT) on accumulated eye procedures in patients with advanced diabetes compared
with those receiving standard glycemic control (STD).

Research design and Methodology:

We
compared the effect of treatment assignment on the accumulated number of eye
procedures during the intervention period of Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial
(VADT) (2000-2008), median follow-up of
5.6 years), the interim VADT-Follow-up (2000-2013) and the full 17 years
of VADT follow-up (2000-2017). We further analyzed data using various cardiovascular
markers in 2 models; model I included total
cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL -cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides,
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and BMI. Model II included the above
covariates plus age and DR severity scores at baseline of the original trial.

Results:

The
final analysis of the data (detailed in Results section) showed a mild but nonsignificant
increase in number of procedures, retinal or retinal plus cataract surgery
during the three periods of the study (Table 3,4).

Conclusions:

We
found no significant benefit of INT during the original trial period in eye
related procedures such as various procedures for DR and cataract surgery during
the 17 years follow up. Yet, after adjusting data for some known vascular
markers, the increase in number of eye procedures in INT becomes more prevalent.
This finding indicates that INT might not
have a protective role on events that requires surgery in individual with
advance DM.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Siswa dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Mind Mapping
Authors: Arifin Gabby Farada Mayura , Indrayani Luh
Published: June 2021

Mind mapping, or the term Mind Mapping and Problem Based Learning, both researchers apply as a model in the examiner class and the monitoring class in this research learning. This research is aimed at notifying whether or not a significant difference can be found between the two or not in economic lessons that are focused on student learning outcomes. In the class of examiners who use Mind Mapping as a model in learning, the researcher uses X IPS 1 in this research. Meanwhile, in the review class that used Problem Based Learning as a model in learning, researchers used X IPS 3 in this research. Quasi-experimental design, or a method that is designed without randomizing the examiner class and the monitoring class in the research and is only given a post-test after being given treatment, otherwise known as the Non-Equivalent Post-Test Only Control Group Design which the researcher uses as this research method. . All students in class X totaled 90 people, each of whom was divided into 3 classes into the population in this research. Sampling technique , known as Simple random samplingSimple Random Sampling, is also the researcher's choice of in this research, from 3 population classes, the researcher chooses X IPS 1 and class X IPS 3 to be the sample. The post-test was chosen as the data collection method, after the post-test data was obtained then the data would be analyzed using a technique from the t test (partial test) which in English is known as the independent sample t-test. Researchers received the results from the computer statistical program SPSS 24.0 for Windows with the results of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000. In order to support this research, the significance value must be <0.005, and that means the result of the Significance value in this research is 0.000 <0.005. The results of these researchers used as evidence of acceptance of the research hypothesis in this research, namely that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in economic subjects using thetype of cooperative learning model and Mind Mapping student learning outcomes in economic subjects usinglearning models Problem Based Learning in class. X SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, 2020/2021 academic year.
Prestasi Belajar IPS Siswa: Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah dan Motivasi Belajar
Authors: Sucipta Komang Yoga Ari , Meitriana Made Ary
Published: June 2021

This study aims to partially determine the effect of the school environment and learning motivation on social science learning achievement and to determine the simultaneous influence of the school environment and learning motivation on social science learning achievement. The type of research is causal. The population of this research  was all of the students of  grade VIII  SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja in the academic year 2019/2020. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling and the number of samples were 77 students. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, documentation and observation and data analysis of this research is  multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that (1) the school environment has a significant effect on student achievement with a sig value of 0.016 < 0.05, (2) learning motivation has a significant effect on student achievement with a sig value of 0.015 < 0.05, (3) the school environment and learning motivation simultaneously significant effect on student achievement with sig. obtained is 0.015 <0.05.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Gunawan Putu Agus , Indrayani Luh
Published: June 2021

This study aims to see the improvement of social skills of 8 B3 grade students of SMPN 4 Singaraja using a problem-based learning model in social studies learning. This research was conducted at SMPN 4 Singaraja, using 36 students as the subject of grade 8B3. The object of this research is the students' social skills. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Data collection used questionnaires and interviews, with social skills instruments grid instruments and interview sheets. From the results of data analysis, the application of the Problem Based Learning model in Social Sciences learning can improve the social skills of grade 8 B3 students of SMPN 4 Singaraja. This statement can be proven by the results of the study which showed that the average score of social skills of grade 8 B3 students was 76%. This achievement has increased by 12% with the initial condition of 64%. The average score of students' social skills in class 8B3 was 84%. This achievement has increased by 8% with the initial condition of 76%.
Pengaruh Promosi dan Service Quality Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pengguna Layanan Grab-Food pada Aplikasi Grab di Singaraja
Authors: Suratni Ni Luh Saras , Mayasari Ni Made Dwi Ariani
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to examine the effect of simultaneous and partially promotion and service quality on customer satisfaction of Grab-food service users on the Grab application in Singaraja. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents, the sample technique used purposive sampling. The data method used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this research is quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the study showed that (1) promotion and service quality has a positive and significant effect simultaneous on customer loyalty with a contribution influence of 62.1% and other variables was 37.9%. (2) promotion has a positive and significant effect partially on customer satisfaction with a contribution influence of 33.6%. (3) service quality has a positive and significant effect partially on customer satisfaction with a contribution influence of 11.2%.
Penyelesaian Kredit Tak Tertagih Berlandaskan Pada Asas Sepenanggungan
Authors: Widharmayanti Ni Nyoman Alit , Dewi Putu Eka Dianita Marvilianti
Published: June 2021

This study aims to see (1) the process of applying for credit to AMER's Banjar suka duka, (2) the causes of uncollectible credit by AMER joy and sorrow members, (3) how to solve the problem of uncollected credit by AMER's joy and sorrow members. Methods of interview data, observation and documentation carried out in Banjar Suka Duka AMER. Processing the collected data then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that (1) the lending of credit by members of the AMER's joy and sorrow may use the names of other members based on mutual trust and solidarity between members. So that the borrowing of members' names in credit applications is commonplace and is accepted by AMER's Banjar Management. 2) The cause of uncollectible credit in the AMER joy and sorrow banjar is a very easy redit lending system without the use of collateral and regulations that bind members to repay their credit. (3) The problem of uncollectible credit in the banjar of AMERica, which did not find a solution for two years, was finally implemented as a cover. Where in applying as penenanggunga in the member credit interest is whitened and the principal of the member is able to pay.
Peranan Media Sosial dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Jasa Rekaman di Demores Rumah Musik
Authors: Bimantara I Made Wira
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to examine (1) the simultaneous social media and price on purchasing decisions, (2) the partial effect of social media on purchasing decisions, and (3) the partial effect of price on recording service at Demores Rumah Musik. The research design used was a casual quantitative reseach design.Data was collected using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire that had a total of 13 statements, then the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that (1) social media and price have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, (2) social media has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and (3) price has a positive and significant effect on Demores Rumah Musik purchasing decisions.
Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Pada Marketplace Lazada di Kabupaten Buleleng
Authors: Yuliastuti Luh Mega , Susila Gede Putu Agus Jana
Published: June 2021

This research aims to examine the effect of brand image and electronic word of mouth on purchasing decisions at Lazada marketplace  in Buleleng Regency, both simultaneously and partially. The framework used in this researchs is causal quantitative. Sample is determined by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using a questionnaire which will be tested for its realiability and validity, and will be analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research indicate that (1) brand image and electronic word of mouth have a simultaneous effect on purchasing decisions, (2) brand image has an effect on purchasing decisions, (3) electronic word of mouth has an effect on purchasing decisions at Lazada marketplace  in Buleleng Regency.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Kinerja Guru dan Pegawai pada SMP dan SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Singaraja
Authors: Hidayat Sarif , Heryanda Komang Krisna
Published: June 2021

This research aims to examine the effect of competence and organizational commitment on the performance of teachers and employees at SMP and SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Singaraja, namely partially and simultaneously. The research design used in this research is quantitative causal. The subjects in this study were teachers and employees at SMP and SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Singaraja while the objects of this study were competence, organizational commitment and employee performance. The research population used was 37 employees. The data collected by results of questionnaires and interviews were then analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate (1) competence and organizational commitment have a significant effect on employee performance, (2) competence has a positive effect on employee performance, and (3) organizational commitment has a positive effect on employee performance.
Apakah Kepuasan Pelanggan Air Mineral Aqua dipengaruhi oleh Harga dan Kualitas?
Authors: Meliyanti Putu Indah , Susila Gede Putu Agus Jana
Published: June 2021

This study goal is to have a look at the impact of rate and product first-rate simultaneously and partially on patron satisfaction. The studies layout used became quantitative causal. The subjects of this studies are customers who buy Aqua mineral water at Rama Mart and the objects of research are charge, product first-rate, and patron pride. The sampling approach used became purposive sampling with a total of a hundred and twenty respondents. information collection changed into achieved by distributing questionnaires, then analyzed via a couple of linear regression evaluation. The results showed that (1) fee and Product high-quality had a tremendous and giant effect on purchaser pride of Aqua mineral water at Rama Mart with a contribution of 60.5% influence, (2) price had a high-quality and giant impact on Aqua consumer satisfaction. mineral water at Rama Mart. with an influence contribution of 29.five%, (3) Product nice has a high-quality and sizable impact on client delight of Aqua mineral water at Rama Mart with a power contribution of 23.5%.
Pengaruh Mata Diklat Produktif Akuntansi, Kompetensi Siswa, dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Melalui Mediasi Efikasi Diri
Authors: Nurussyifa Roesma , Listiadi Agung
Published: June 2021

This research was an associative quantitative research which aims to determine whether or not there was an influence of of accounting productive subject, student competence, family environment on work readiness either directly or through self-efficacy mediation in class XI accounting students of SMK Negeri 2 Buduran. The sample calculation used the simple random sampling method with the Slovin formula and obtained a sample of 86 students of class XI accounting at SMK Negeri 2 Buduran in the 2019/2020 school year. The technique of collecting data used interviews, documentation to obtain the value of accounting productive subject, and closed questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis, data transformation, and hypothesis testing of direct and indirect effects. The results of the direct effect test are the accounting productive subject, student competence, and self-efficacy affect work readiness. Meanwhile, the family environment has no effect on work readiness. The indirect effect test, namely self-efficacy, can mediate the effect of student competence and the family environment on work readiness. However, self-efficacy cannot mediate the effect of the accounting productive subject on work readiness.
Pembelian Produk pada R3K Rumah Konveksi: Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Promosi
Authors: Muzhoffar Zhaimmul , TeIagawathi Ni Luh Wayan Sayang
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of product quaIity and promotion on purchasing decisions. The research design used in this research is causaI quantitative. The subjects in this study were R3K Rumah Confection and the objects in this study were product quaIity, promotion and purchase decisions. The data coIIection method used a questionnaire, which was then anaIyzed using muItipIe Iinear regression anaIysis with the cIassicaI assumption test. The resuIts of this study indicate that (1) there is a positive and significant effect of product quaIity and promotion on purchasing decisions, (2) there is a positive and significant effect of product quaIity on purchasing decisions, and (3) there is a positive and significant effect of promotion on purchasing decisions. purchase.