bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable Fano Resonance in Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng , Zhang Zhidong , Yan Shubin
Published: June 2017

A plasmonic waveguide coupled system that uses a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with two silver baffles and a coupled ring cavity is proposed in this study. The transmission properties of the plasmonic system were investigated using the finite element method. The simulation results show a Fano profile in the transmission spectrum, which was caused by the interaction of the broadband resonance of the Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity and the narrow band resonance of the ring cavity. The Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity in this case was formed by two silver baffles dividing the MIM waveguide. The maximum sensitivity of 718 nm/RIU and the maximum figure of merit of 4354 were achieved. Furthermore, the effects of the structural parameters of the F-P cavity and the ring cavity on the transmission properties of the plasmonic system were analyzed. The results can provide a guide for designing highly sensitive on-chip sensors based on surface plasmon polaritons.
A Multi-Resolution Mode CMOS Image Sensor with a Novel Two-Step Single-Slope ADC for Intelligent Surveillance Systems
Authors: Kim Daehyeok , Song Minkyu , Choe Byeongseong , Kim Soo Youn
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present a multi-resolution mode CMOS image sensor (CIS) for intelligent surveillance system (ISS) applications. A low column fixed-pattern noise (CFPN) comparator is proposed in 8-bit two-step single-slope analog-to-digital converter (TSSS ADC) for the CIS that supports normal, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64 mode of pixel resolution. We show that the scaled-resolution images enable CIS to reduce total power consumption while images hold steady without events. A prototype sensor of 176 × 144 pixels has been fabricated with a 0.18 μm 1-poly 4-metal CMOS process. The area of 4-shared 4T-active pixel sensor (APS) is 4.4 μm × 4.4 μm and the total chip size is 2.35 mm × 2.35 mm. The maximum power consumption is 10 mW (with full resolution) with supply voltages of 3.3 V (analog) and 1.8 V (digital) and 14 frame/s of frame rates.
Energy Efficiency Optimization for Downlink Cloud RAN with Limited Fronthaul Capacity
Authors: Wang Yong , Ma Lin , Xu Yubin
Published: June 2017

In the downlink cloud radio access network (C-RAN), fronthaul compression has been developed to combat the performance bottleneck caused by the capacity-limited fronthaul links. Nevertheless, the state-of-arts focusing on fronthaul compression for spectral efficiency improvement become questionable for energy efficiency (EE) maximization, especially for meeting its requirements of large-scale implementation. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a low-complexity algorithm with closed-form solution for the EE maximization problem in a downlink C-RAN with limited fronthaul capacity. To solve such a non-trivial problem, we first derive an optimal solution using branch-and-bound approach to provide a performance benchmark. Then, by transforming the original problem into a parametric subtractive form, we propose a low-complexity two-layer decentralized (TLD) algorithm. Specifically, a bisection search is involved in the outer layer, while in the inner layer we propose an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to find a closed-form solution in a parallel manner with convergence guaranteed. Simulations results demonstrate that the TLD algorithm can achieve near optimal solution, and its EE is much higher than the spectral efficiency maximization one. Furthermore, the optimal and TLD algorithms are also extended to counter the channel error. The results show that the robust algorithms can provide robust performance in the case of lacking perfect channel state information.
Vicarious Calibration of sUAS Microbolometer Temperature Imagery for Estimation of Radiometric Land Surface Temperature
Authors: Torres-Rua Alfonso
Published: June 2017

In recent years, the availability of lightweight microbolometer thermal cameras compatible with small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) has allowed their use in diverse scientific and management activities that require sub-meter pixel resolution. Nevertheless, as with sensors already used in temperature remote sensing (e.g., Landsat satellites), a radiance atmospheric correction is necessary to estimate land surface temperature. This is because atmospheric conditions at any sUAS flight elevation will have an adverse impact on the image accuracy, derived calculations, and study replicability using the microbolometer technology. This study presents a vicarious calibration methodology (sUAS-specific, time-specific, flight-specific, and sensor-specific) for sUAS temperature imagery traceable back to NIST-standards and current atmospheric correction methods. For this methodology, a three-year data collection campaign with a sUAS called “AggieAir”, developed at Utah State University, was performed for vineyards near Lodi, California, for flights conducted at different times (early morning, Landsat overpass, and mid-afternoon”) and seasonal conditions. From the results of this study, it was found that, despite the spectral response of microbolometer cameras (7.0 to 14.0 μm), it was possible to account for the effects of atmospheric and sUAS operational conditions, regardless of time and weather, to acquire accurate surface temperature data. In addition, it was found that the main atmospheric correction parameters (transmissivity and atmospheric radiance) significantly varied over the course of a day. These parameters fluctuated the most in early morning and partially stabilized in Landsat overpass and in mid-afternoon times. In terms of accuracy, estimated atmospheric correction parameters presented adequate statistics (confidence bounds under ±0.1 for transmissivity and ±1.2 W/m2/sr/um for atmospheric radiance, with a range of RMSE below 1.0 W/m2/sr/um) for all sUAS flights. Differences in estimated temperatures between original thermal image and the vicarious calibration procedure reported here were estimated from −5 °C to 10 °C for early morning, and from 0 to 20 °C for Landsat overpass and mid-afternoon times.
Social Ecology as Critical, Transdisciplinary Science—Conceptualizing, Analyzing and Shaping Societal Relations to Nature
Authors: Hummel Diana , Jahn Thomas , Keil Florian , Liehr Stefan , Stieß Immanuel
Published: June 2017

The sustainability discourse is, essentially, centered on the question of how complex relations between nature and society can be conceptualized, analyzed and shaped. In this paper, we present a specific interpretation of social ecology as an attempt to address this question. For this purpose, we establish Frankfurt Social Ecology (FSE) as a formal research program, which is based on the concept of societal relations to nature (SRN). The basic idea of the SRN concept is to put the modern distinction between nature and society at the start of a critical analysis. Such an analysis, we argue, has to focus on the interplay between what we call patterns and modes of regulation. Whereas patterns of regulation stand for the material and symbolic aspects of the organization of the individual and societal satisfaction of needs, modes of regulation mirror the norms and power structures of a society. Using an approach that is based on reformulating social-ecological systems as provisioning systems, we show how this interplay can be analyzed empirically. Finally, we propose critical transdisciplinarity as the research mode of choice of FSE. To conclude, we discuss how FSE can contribute to the development of a research program for a sustainable Anthropocene.
Assessment of China’s Mitigation Targets in an Effort-Sharing Framework
Authors: Pan Xunzhang , Teng Fei
Published: June 2017

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are a core component for post-2020 global climate agreements to achieve the 2 °C goal in addressing climate change. In the NDC, China has declared to lower carbon intensity by 60–65% from the 2005 level by 2030 and achieve the peak of CO2 emissions around 2030. In the context of the 2 °C goal, this study assesses China’s CO2 mitigation targets in the NDC using fair ranges of emissions allowances as calculated from an effort-sharing framework based on six equity principles (and cost-effectiveness). Results show that understanding the fairness of China’s NDC would rely heavily on selected equity principles. If the 65% target is implemented, China’s NDC would position within full ranges of emissions allowances and align with responsibility–capacity–need based on comparisons in 2030, and with responsibility–capacity–need and equal cumulative per capita emissions based on comparisons during 2011–2030. Implications of the NDC on China’s long-term CO2 mitigation targets beyond 2030 are also explored, which indicate that China’s energy system would need to realize carbon neutrality by 2070s at the latest in the scenarios in this study.
Study of Urban Energy Performance Assessment and Its Influencing Factors Based on Improved Stochastic Frontier Analysis: A Case Study of Provincial Capitals in China
Authors: Wang Lei , Long Ruyin , Chen Hong
Published: June 2017

To improve energy-use sustainability in cities, we proposed a set of urban energy performance assessment indicators and influencing factors based on existing theory and literature. An urban energy performance assessment and influencing factor model was also constructed by the improved stochastic frontier analysis method, and panel data from provincial capitals in China from 2004 to 2013 were considered as an example to carry out an empirical study. Chosen from both endogenous and exogenous perspectives, the urban energy performance assessment indicators and influencing factors take into consideration the capital, labor, energy, urban economic output, urbanization level, population, area, urban climate, and travel selection. Because it considers both random errors and the inefficiency levels of urban productions, the urban energy performance assessment and influencing factor model could reduce the errors caused by two-stage performance assessment and factor analysis, quantify the effects of assessment indicators and influencing factors on urban energy performance, and reflect the actual performance of different cities. Empirical results show that the urban energy performance of provincial capitals in China has been increasing. Chinese provincial capitals also have great potential for energy saving. It was necessary to include energy input as an assessment indicator when evaluating urban energy performance. Population density and urban energy performance showed a negative correlation, but the urbanization rate, temperature index, and household car ownership were positively related to urban energy performance. The urban energy performance of Chinese provincial capitals gradually decreased from east to west. Based on these results, several policy suggestions on urban energy performance development are proposed.
Visitors’ Experience, Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Buonincontri Piera , Marasco Alessandra , Ramkissoon Haywantee
Published: June 2017

Sustainable tourism research has attracted wide interest from scholars and practitioners. While several heritage sites are mandated to provide optimum visitor satisfaction with increasing competition in the market, managers of heritage sites face growing challenges in striking a balance between consumption and conservation. This calls for promoting more sustainable behaviours among consumers of heritage. This study proposes a conceptualization of sustainable behaviour for heritage consumers. Using the attitude–behaviour relationship underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action, it develops and proposes a conceptual framework that integrates visitors’ heritage experiences, their attachment to heritage sites, and their general and site-specific sustainable heritage behaviour and presents their interrelationships as proposed hypotheses. Theoretical contributions and practical implications for heritage site managers are discussed.
From Perceived Values to Shared Values: A Multi-Stakeholder Spatial Decision Analysis (M-SSDA) for Resilient Landscapes
Authors: Cerreta Maria , Panaro Simona
Published: June 2017

This paper puts forth a Multi-Stakeholder Spatial Decision Analysis (M-SSDA) which combines Multi-Stakeholders Decision Analysis (M-SDA) and GIS processing based on a collaborative, hybrid and adaptive evaluative approach to support the elaboration of enhancement strategies designed for resilient landscapes. This methodology has been tested in the research project “Cilento Labscape: An integrated model for the activation of a Living Lab in the National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni”, which was conducted in the Cilento National Park (Southern Italy). The aim of the methodology is to find alternative touristic routes for the promotion of the Park. The different steps in the process will be described, as will the employment of multiple tools/techniques (interviews, GIS tools, Semantic Analysis, and Geo-Statistical Analysis) to improve the reliability of the decision-making process. The most relevant results of the methodology will also be outlined in terms of the transition from the identification of the perceived landscape’s values to the acknowledgement of the shared values, and their consequent employment for the outlining of new thematic itineraries for the Park. To realise sustainable territorial strategies and preserve the landscape through bottom-up decision-making processes, the different local communities need to gain a new awareness of their identity shared values and make an active contribution towards promoting and managing their site-specific resources.
Monitoring, Human Health Risk Assessment and Optimized Management for Typical Pollutants in Indoor Air from Random Families of University Staff, Wuhan City, China
Authors: Chen Xiyao , Li Fei , Liu Chaoyang , Yang Jun , Zhang Jingdong , Peng Chunlin
Published: June 2017

In this study, 31 workers at a university were randomly selected for indoor environmental monitoring in Wuhan. Two indicators, formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and using 139 monitoring points, monitored the indoor environment (including home and workplace) as well as the interior space of the main furniture. This study carried out the environmental quality assessment for TVOC based on the dB index method and the health risk assessment of indoor formaldehyde for the university staff receptors and, then focused on health risk in home environment to carry out detailed environmental health management. The results showed that TVOC in the three types of home spaces exceeded about 80% of the national standard. The excessive formaldehyde ratios for kitchens (79%), bedrooms (77%) and living rooms (74%) were calculated. Formaldehyde health risks all exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency, (USEPA) acceptable risk threshold. The formaldehyde concentrations in workplaces were about 0.03 mg·m−3. While the risk contribution of the home environment to the total average health risk (0.0014, whether male and female) is about 96%. For the adapted and unadapted persons, 90% and 55% of the monitoring points were located within the long-term tolerable range of TVOC decibel application, respectively. Long-term exposure to such an environment can lead to the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). On the other hand, through comparison of the concentration of pollutants in the interior spaces of furniture and home spaces, it was determined tentatively that the pollutants were mainly concentrated in rarely used furniture. In summary, the air pollution in the studied homes of university staff was much serious than that in workplaces, which showed a need to manage TVOC and formaldehyde pollution by the three means: the purchase of green products, removal of internal pollution from furniture, and creating a good indoor volatile diffusion environment to create a healthy home environment.
Characterization of Sinorhizobium sp. LM21 Prophages and Virus-Encoded DNA Methyltransferases in the Light of Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Sinorhizobial Virome
Authors: Decewicz Przemyslaw , Radlinska Monika , Dziewit Lukasz
Published: June 2017

The genus Sinorhizobium/Ensifer mostly groups nitrogen-fixing bacteria that create root or stem nodules on leguminous plants and transform atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which improves the productivity of the plants. Although these biotechnologically-important bacteria are commonly found in various soil environments, little is known about their phages. In this study, the genome of Sinorhizobium sp. LM21 isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated copper mine in Poland was investigated for the presence of prophages and DNA methyltransferase-encoding genes. In addition to the previously identified temperate phage, ΦLM21, and the phage-plasmid, pLM21S1, the analysis revealed the presence of three prophage regions. Moreover, four novel phage-encoded DNA methyltransferase (MTase) genes were identified and the enzymes were characterized. It was shown that two of the identified viral MTases methylated the same target sequence (GANTC) as cell cycle-regulated methyltransferase (CcrM) of the bacterial host strain, LM21. This discovery was recognized as an example of the evolutionary convergence between enzymes of sinorhizobial viruses and their host, which may play an important role in virus cycle. In the last part of the study, thorough comparative analyses of 31 sinorhizobial (pro)phages (including active sinorhizobial phages and novel putative prophages retrieved and manually re-annotated from Sinorhizobium spp. genomes) were performed. The networking analysis revealed the presence of highly conserved proteins (e.g., holins and endolysins) and a high diversity of viral integrases. The analysis also revealed a large number of viral DNA MTases, whose genes were frequently located within the predicted replication modules of analyzed prophages, which may suggest their important regulatory role. Summarizing, complex analysis of the phage protein similarity network enabled a new insight into overall sinorhizobial virome diversity.
An Investigation into the Effects of Temperature Gradient on the Soil Water–Salt Transfer with Evaporation
Authors: Ren Rong , Ma Juanjuan , Cheng Qiyun , Zheng Lijian , Guo Xianghong , Sun Xihuan
Published: June 2017

Temperature gradients exist in the field under brackish water irrigation conditions, especially in northern semi–arid areas of China. Although there are many investigators dedicated to studying the mechanism of brackish water irrigation and the effect of brackish water irrigation on crops, there are fewer investigations of the effects of temperature gradient on the water–salt transport. Based on the combination of a physical experiment and a mathematical model, this study was conducted to: (a) build a physical model and observe the redistribution of soil water–heat–salt transfer; (b) develop a mathematical model focused on the influence of a temperature gradient on soil water and salt redistribution based on the physical model and validate the proposed model using the measured data; and (c) analyze the effects of the temperature gradient on the soil water–salt transport by comparing the proposed model with the traditional water–salt model in which the effects of temperature gradient on the soil water–salt transfer are neglected. Results show that the soil temperature gradient has a definite influence on the soil water–salt migration. Moreover, the effect of temperature gradient on salt migration was greater than that of water movement.
An Assessment of Mean Areal Precipitation Methods on Simulated Stream Flow: A SWAT Model Performance Assessment
Authors: Zeiger Sean , Hubbart Jason
Published: June 2017

Accurate mean areal precipitation (MAP) estimates are essential input forcings for hydrologic models. However, the selection of the most accurate method to estimate MAP can be daunting because there are numerous methods to choose from (e.g., proximate gauge, direct weighted average, surface-fitting, and remotely sensed methods). Multiple methods (n = 19) were used to estimate MAP with precipitation data from 11 distributed monitoring sites, and 4 remotely sensed data sets. Each method was validated against the hydrologic model simulated stream flow using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT was validated using a split-site method and the observed stream flow data from five nested-scale gauging sites in a mixed-land-use watershed of the central USA. Cross-validation results showed the error associated with surface-fitting and remotely sensed methods ranging from −4.5 to −5.1%, and −9.8 to −14.7%, respectively. Split-site validation results showed the percent bias (PBIAS) values that ranged from −4.5 to −160%. Second order polynomial functions especially overestimated precipitation and subsequent stream flow simulations (PBIAS = −160) in the headwaters. The results indicated that using an inverse-distance weighted, linear polynomial interpolation or multiquadric function method to estimate MAP may improve SWAT model simulations. Collectively, the results highlight the importance of spatially distributed observed hydroclimate data for precipitation and subsequent steam flow estimations. The MAP methods demonstrated in the current work can be used to reduce hydrologic model uncertainty caused by watershed physiographic differences.
Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Migration, and Promotes Apoptosis by Regulating miR-520a-3p
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Yongguang , Chen Xinlei , Xiao Jianmin
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on osteosarcoma (OS) cell line MG63 and to explore the possible relationship between DEX and miR-520-3p in OS. The results showed that DEX could upregulate miR-520-3p, which directly targeted AKT1. Additionally,
miR-520-3p also inhibited MG63 cell proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed protein expressions of AKT, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK1/2. DEX can inhibit OS cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis by upregulating the expression level of miR-520a-3p. DEX may
serve as a potential therapeutic agent in OS treatment, and miR-520a-3p may be a potential target in the therapy of OS.
A Comprehensive Image‐based Phenomic Analysis Reveals the Complex Genetic Architecture of Shoot Growth Dynamics in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Campbell Malachy T. , Du Qian , Liu Kan , Brien Chris J. , Berger Bettina , Zhang Chi , Walia Harkamal
Published: June 2017

Early vigor is an important trait for many rice (Oryza sativa L.)‐growing environments. However, genetic characterization and improvement for early vigor is hindered by the temporal nature of the trait and strong genotype × environment effects. We explored the genetic architecture of shoot growth dynamics during the early and active tillering stages by applying a functional modeling and genomewide association (GWAS) mapping approach on a diversity panel of ∼360 rice accessions. Multiple loci with small effects on shoot growth trajectory were identified, indicating a complex polygenic architecture. Natural variation for shoot growth dynamics was assessed in a subset of 31 accessions using RNA sequencing and hormone quantification. These analyses yielded a gibberellic acid (GA) catabolic gene, OsGA2ox7, which could influence GA levels to regulate vigor in the early tillering stage. Given the complex genetic architecture of shoot growth dynamics, the potential of genomic selection (GS) for improving early vigor was explored using all 36,901 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as several subsets of the most significant SNPs from GWAS. Shoot growth trajectories could be predicted with reasonable accuracy using the 50 most significant SNPs from GWAS (0.37–0.53); however, the accuracy of prediction was improved by including more markers, which indicates that GS may be an effective strategy for improving shoot growth dynamics during the vegetative growth stage. This study provides insights into the complex genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms underlying early shoot growth dynamics and provides a foundation for improving this complex trait in rice.
Geodesic Models of Quasi-periodic-oscillations as Probes of Quadratic Gravity
Authors: Maselli Andrea , Pani Paolo , Cotesta Roberto , Gualtieri Leonardo , Ferrari Valeria , Stella Luigi
Published: June 2017

Future very-large-area X-ray instruments (for which the effective area is larger than

m2) will be able to measure the frequencies of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the X-ray flux from accreting compact objects with sub-percent precision. If correctly modeled, QPOs can provide a novel way to test the strong-field regime of gravity. By using the relativistic precession model and a modified version of the epicyclic resonance model, we develop a method to test general relativity against a generic class of theories with quadratic curvature corrections. With the instrumentation being studied for future missions such as eXTP, LOFT, or STROBE-X, a measurement of at least two QPO triplets from a stellar mass black hole can set stringent constraints on the coupling parameters of quadratic gravity.
Accretion in Radiative Equipartition (AiRE) Disks
Authors: Yazdi Yasaman K. , Afshordi Niayesh
Published: June 2017

Standard accretion disk theory predicts that the total pressure in disks at typical (sub-)Eddington accretion rates becomes radiation pressure dominated. However, radiation pressure dominated disks are thermally unstable. Since these disks are observed in approximate steady state over the instability timescale, our accretion models in the radiation-pressure-dominated regime (i.e., inner disk) need to be modified. Here, we present a modification to the Shakura & Sunyaev model, where the radiation pressure is in equipartition with the gas pressure in the inner region. We call these flows accretion in radiative equipartition (AiRE) disks. We introduce the basic features of AiRE disks and show how they modify disk properties such as the Toomre parameter and the central temperature. We then show that the accretion rate of AiRE disks is limited from above and below, by Toomre and nodal sonic point instabilities, respectively. The former leads to a strict upper limit on the mass of supermassive black holes as a function of cosmic time (and spin), while the latter could explain the transition between hard and soft states of X-ray binaries.
Barriers Effecting Successful Implementation of E-Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities
Authors: Quadri Noorulhasan Naveed , Muhammed AbulHafeez , Sanober Sumaya , Qureshi Mohamed Rafik N. , Shah Asadullah
Published: June 2017

Advancement of digital technology is influencing the leaping development of various activities in our daily life. E-Learning system has also gained a competitive edge over the prevailing traditional methodology. The prevailing pedagogy is being replaced by the E-Learning teaching system. E-Learning teaching-learning methodology provides more flexibility and allows freedom from time, place, physical presence, hectic, and stressful teaching-learning etc., thus plays a vital role in education system. However, there are many barriers in E-Learning methodology for successful teaching-learning. Study on such barriers will help to overcome the difficulties to the success of E-Learning. Present research paper attempts to study the various barriers that are affecting the successful implementation of E-Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities. This study reviews various barriers from literatures and identified most important E-Learning barriers which are described and grouped in four dimensions such as Student, Instructor, Infrastructure and Technology, and Institutional Management. Sixteen barriers falling under these relevant dimensions were validated their importance quantitatively through university Students, Instructors, and E-Learning staffs of some well know universities in Saudi Arabia. A survey instrument was developed and tested on a sample of 257 respondents of Saudi Arabian Universities. It was found that Infrastructure and Technology Dimension is the most significant as perceived by respondents. Results of the study also reveal that, all barrier factors are highly reliable, therefore should be taken care for successful implementation of E-Learning systems.
Incorporating Powtoon as a Learning Activity into a Course on Technological Innovations as Didactic Resources for Pedagogy Programs
Authors: Rioseco Marcelo , Paukner Fraño , Ramírez Bruno
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the use of PowToon in a curricular activity in the Technological Innovations as Didactic Resources course in two pedagogy programs at the Catholic University of Maule (UCM) in Chile. This activity has been designed from the ‘learning by doing’ paradigm, supported by the existing resources available in The Cloud. The perceptions of the students about the use of the program were collected using an open and closed question survey. The data analysis was carried out using a mixed methodology (qualitative/quantitative). In general terms, the results showed a positive opinion about the motivation as well as the contribution of using PowToon to learn new contents and develop ICT-related abilities. Opinions are divided about the level of complexity for users.
The Relation between Organizational Network Distance and Knowledge Transfer Based on Social Network Analysis Method
Authors: Sun Muyun
Published: June 2017

As a means to maintain competitive advantages of organizations, knowledge transfer has attracted more and more attention in the academic circle. In this paper, the concept of network distance is introduced on the basis of social network analysis method, and the influence of network distance between organizations in social network on knowledge transfer is studied. Moreover, analogue simulation is conducted by utilizing 10 innovative enterprises in Shanghai Withub Hi-Tech Center. According to the researches, firstly, knowledge growth rate of the entire network tends to increase at first and then becomes stable as time passes. In this process, knowledge difference level among various organizations continues to decline and tends to be stable finally. Secondly, network distance has a negative effect on knowledge transfer. According to the simulation results, organizations need to continuously improve their knowledge absorption ability, to change the network connection mode, and to form a close network with other organizations.
A Teaching Experiment of Chinese College Students’ English Idioms Comprehension
Authors: Chen Hui , Wu Xianze
Published: June 2017

An English idiom is a special combination of words, the meaning of which is not the simple addition of its constituents but a special meaning. English idioms are widely used by English native speakers, which are very important for English as a second language learners. Chinese learners are poor in English idioms comprehension, and they need to adopt a new method for improving their English idioms comprehension. S-S-P-C model means analyzing an English idiom from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and cultural perspective, which was applied in a teaching experiment among college students for one semester. The teaching experiment shows that S-S-P-C model is an efficient method for Chinese learners to help improve their English idioms comprehension.
A Life-long Learning Recommender System to Promote Employability
Authors: Baneres David , Conesa Jordi
Published: June 2017

Is my professional knowledge outdated? Do I have the skills needed for the new challenges of the society? What knowledge do I lack to qualify for a job I like? What universities can I address to get knowledge that improves my employment expectations? These are relevant questions that all employees have done in any moment of their life. In addition, when there are high rates of unemployment and job offers that keep unfilled, the answers to these questions are even more relevant. Answering such questions open new opportunities for employed and unemployed people, by allowing them to design a formative plan according to their skills and expectations. It also provides evidences to employers about the skills and knowledge of the society, making them more aware of the skills of their potential future employees. The companies also will have more knowledge to design the professional career of their employees according to the company needs and the knowledge and skills of their employees. This paper proposes a system that helps people by showing which knowledge and skills a person misses for a given job position and what university courses the person can take to acquire the required skills and knowledge. The system has been implemented as a recommender system that helps users in planning their life-long learning. The paper shows the architecture of the proposed system, a case study to explain how it works, a survey to validate its usefulness and usability and some conclusions after its first experimentation.
Semiotic Landscapes in Commercial Communication
Authors: Zantides Evripides , Kourdis Evangelos , Yoka Charikleia
Published: June 2017

The analysis of a sample of characteristic commercial shop signs in today's Limassol, Cyprus, asserts their anchorage function as syncretic/polysemiotic texts relying upon the synergy of semiotic systems, in their commercial and broader informational function. The study of intersemiosis, i.e. of the translation between pictorial and linguistic semiotic systems and their hierarchy, can provide the basis for an in-depth semiotic study of the socio-economic and historical-aesthetic landscape of the city. This study offers a preliminary methodological separation of sign systems on the shop signs in Limassol, showing up the ways intersemiosis remains the standard historical communication method of shop signs since the advent of mass commerce.
c-REL and IκBNS Govern Common and Independent Steps of Regulatory T Cell Development from Novel CD122-Expressing Pre-Precursors
Authors: Schuster Marc , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Matthies Anne-Marie , Heise Ulrike , Jeron Andreas , Bruder Dunja , Visekruna Alexander , Huehn Jochen , Schmitz Ingo
Published: June 2017

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential regulators of immune homeostasis and, thus, are prime targets for therapeutic interventions of diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. c-REL and IκBNS are important regulators of Foxp3 induction in Treg precursors upon γ-chain cytokine stimulation. In c-REL/IκBNS double-deficient mice, Treg numbers were dramatically reduced, indicating that together, c-REL and IκBNS are pivotal for Treg development. However, despite the highly reduced Treg compartment, double-deficient mice did not develop autoimmunity even when aged to more than 1 y, suggesting that c-REL and IκBNS are required for T cell effector function as well. Analyzing Treg development in more detail, we identified a CD122+ subset within the CD25−Foxp3− precursor population, which gave rise to classical CD25+Foxp3− Treg precursors. Importantly, c-REL, but not IκBNS, controlled the generation of classical CD25+Foxp3− precursors via direct binding to the Cd25 locus. Thus, we propose that CD4+GITR+CD122+CD25−Foxp3− cells represent a Treg pre-precursor population, whose transition into Treg precursors is mediated via c-REL.
Adams-Oliver Syndrome with Unusual Central Nervous System Findings and an Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Pérez-García Carlos , Martín Yolanda Ruíz , del Hoyo Alejandra Aguado , Rodríguez Carlos Marín , Domínguez Minia Campos
Published: June 2017

We report a case of a premature neonate girl with scalp and skull defects and brachydactyly of the feet consistent with an Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The patient had central nervous system abnormalities, such as periventricular calcifications, hypoplastic corpus callosum, and bilateral hemispheric corticosubcortical hemorrhagic lesions. A muscular ventricular septal defect and a portosystemic shunt were diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital supratentorial grey-white matter junction lesions without dural sinus thrombosis in association with AOS. Some of these lesions may be secondary to birth trauma (given the skull defect) whilst others have a watershed location, perhaps as further evidence of vascular disruption and decreased perfusion during critical periods of fetal brain development as the previously proposed pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Pediatric Laparoscopy and Adaptive Oxygenation and Hemodynamic Changes
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Carlini Veronica , Iacob Giulio , Pasqua Noemi , Maggio Giuseppe , Brunero Marco , Mencherini Simonetta , De Silvestri Annalisa , Calcaterra Valeria
Published: June 2017

Adaptive changes in oxygenation and hemodynamics are evaluated during pediatric laparoscopy. The children underwent laparoscopy (LAP Group, n=20) or open surgery (Open Group, n=10). Regional cerebral (rScO2) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), diastolic (DP) and systolic pressure (SP) were monitored at different intervals: basal (T0); anesthesia induction (T1); CO2PP insufflation (T2); surgery (T3); CO2PP cessation (T4); before extubation (T5). At T1, in both the LAP and Open groups significant changes in rScO2, DP and SP were recorded compared with T0; a decrease in SatO2 was also observed at T5. In the LAP group, at T2, changes in HR related to CO2PP pressure and in DP and SP related to IAP were noted; at T4, a SP change associated with CO2PP desufflation was recorded. Open group, at T3 and T5 showed lower rScO2 values compared with T1. Pneuperitoneum and anesthesia are influent to induce hemodynamics changes during laparoscopy.
Sagittal-Plane Knee Moment During Gait and Knee Cartilage Thickness
Authors: Schmitz Randy J. , Harrison David , Wang Hsin-Min , Shultz Sandra J.
Published: June 2017

Context: 

Understanding the factors associated with thicker cartilage in a healthy population is important when developing strategies aimed at minimizing the cartilage thinning associated with knee osteoarthritis progression. Thicker articular cartilage is commonly thought to be healthier cartilage, but whether the sagittal-plane biomechanics important to gait are related to cartilage thickness is unknown.

Objective: 

To determine the relationship of a weight-bearing region of the medial femoral condyle's cartilage thickness to sagittal gait biomechanics in healthy individuals.

Design: 

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting: 

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Twenty-eight healthy participants (15 women: age = 21.1 ± 2.1 years, height = 1.63 ± 0.07 m, weight = 64.6 ± 9.9 kg; 13 men: age = 22.1 ± 2.9 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.05 m, weight = 75.2 ± 9.6 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Tibiofemoral angle (°) was obtained via goniometric assessment, thickness of the medial femoral condyle cartilage (mm) was obtained via ultrasound imaging, and peak internal knee-extensor moment (% body weight · height) was measured during 10 trials of over-ground walking at a self-selected pace. We used linear regression to examine the extent to which peak internal knee-extensor moment predicted cartilage thickness after accounting for tibiofemoral angle and sex.

Results: 

Sex and tibiofemoral angle (12.3° ± 3.2°) were entered in the initial step as control factors (R2 = 0.01, P = .872). In the final step, internal knee-extensor moment (1.5% ± 1.3% body weight · height) was entered, which resulted in greater knee-extensor moment being related to greater cartilage thickness (2.0 ± 0.3 mm; R2Δ = 0.31, PΔ = .003).

Conclusion: 

Individuals who walked with a greater peak internal knee-extensor moment during gait had a cartilage structure that is generally considered beneficial in a healthy population. Our study offers promising findings that a potentially modifiable biomechanical factor is associated with cartilage status in a healthy population. Establishing these baseline relationships in uninjured populations may help us to better understand potential factors related to maladaptive gait patterns that predispose a person to adverse changes in the cartilage environment.
Knee Frontal-Plane Biomechanics in Adults With or Without Bone Marrow Edema-Like Lesions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Thomas Abbey C. , Palmieri-Smith Riann M.
Published: June 2017

Context: 

Lateral subchondral bone bruises (BBs) occur frequently with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. These BBs are associated with pain during weight bearing, leading individuals to increase medial tibiofemoral loading to alleviate pain laterally. Increased medial tibiofemoral loading may precipitate the development or progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis; however, no in vivo biomechanical data exist to confirm that lateral BBs increase medial tibiofemoral loading as measured by the external knee-adduction moment (KAM).

Objective: 

To determine whether lateral BBs after ACL injury increase the external KAM during walking.

Design: 

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting: 

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Eleven volunteers with an ACL injury (age = 20.36 ± 4.03 years, height = 177.60 ± 8.59 cm, mass = 79.70 ± 16.33 kg), 12 with an ACL injury and a lateral BB (ACL + BB; age = 19.25 ± 5.58 years, height = 170.71 ± 9.40 cm, mass = 66.79 ± 11.91 kg), and 12 healthy controls (age = 19.67 ± 5.19 years, height = 173.29 ± 11.58 cm, mass = 67.07 ± 11.25 kg) participated.

Intervention(s): 

We recorded peak KAM during 3 walking trials (1.1 ± 0.6 m/s) in which participants walked over a force platform located in the field of view of a motion-capture system.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Peak KAM was calculated during the first half of stance using standard inverse-dynamics analysis, averaged across trials, and examined via 1-way analysis of variance. Knee pain and function were determined from the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and compared among groups via the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: 

Peak KAM did not differ among groups (ACL injury = 0.14 ± 0.07 Nm·kg−1·m−1, ACL + BB = 0.21 ± 0.08 Nm·kg−1·m−1, control = 0.20 ± 0.08 Nm·kg−1·m−1; F2,35 = 3.243, P = .052). Knee-pain frequency and severity were greater in the ACL-injury (frequency = 2.55 ± 1.81, severity = 3.36 ± 1.75; both P < .001) and ACL + BB (frequency = 3.58 ± 2.81, severity = 4.08 ± 3.20; both P < .001) groups than in the control group (frequency = 0.00 ± 0.00, severity = 0.00 ± 0.00). Knee function was greater in the control group (100.00 ± 0.00) than in the ACL-injury (59.35 ± 17.31; P < .001) and ACL + BB (46.46 ± 25.85; P < .001) groups.

Conclusions: 

The ACL + BB groups did not walk with a greater external KAM than the ACL-injury or control groups. Thus, lateral tibiofemoral BB did not influence knee frontal-plane loading after ACL injury.
The levels of disclosure relating to mine closure obligations by platinum mining companies
Authors: Sturdy Joline , Cronje Christo J.
Published: June 2017

Background: Mine closure obligations are economically significant, and the consequences of insufficient mine closure obligations are of public interest. The incidence of acid mine drainage and the high number of ownerless and abandoned mines in South Africa have brought the consequences of insufficient mine closure obligations in the mining sector into the spotlight.Aim: The aim of this study is to establish the extent to which platinum mines listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) comply with a recommended disclosure framework.Setting: South Africa is the largest producer of platinum in the world. The study covers all platinum mines listed on the JSE.Methods: Using a framework, a census of the annual financial statements, integrated annual reports and sustainability reports or websites was conducted to determine the level of compliance of disclosure relating to mine closure obligations to the recommended disclosure framework.Results: The results show disclosure relating to mine closure obligations of platinum mines listed on the JSE is inconsistent and not sufficient for stakeholders to understand the scope, key assumptions, parameters or reliability of the assessment and calculation of mine closure obligations.Conclusion: The assumptions used to determine mine closure obligations are specialised and multi-disciplinary. The accuracy and reliability of mine closure obligations will improve dramatically through greater transparency and access to information. It is recommended that the JSE listings for mining companies should require a competent person’s report to provide disclosure on assumptions, key values and processes applied to determine the mine closure obligations. Furthermore, it is recommended that the Department of Mineral Resources implements a mechanism of independent assessment of mine closure obligations by experts on an ongoing basis.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV guidelines: Nurses’ views at four primary healthcare facilities in the Limpopo Province
Authors: Hanrahan Barbara A. , Williams Adri
Published: June 2017

Background: When new guidelines for existing programmes are introduced, it is often the clinicians tasked with the execution of the guidelines who bear the brunt of the changes. Frequently their opinions are not sought. In this study, the researcher interviewed registered nurses working in the field of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to gain an understanding of their perspectives on the changes introduced to the guidelines. The guideline changes in 2014 were to move from the World Health Organization (WHO) Option B to Option B + which prescribes lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant women regardless of CD4 cell count.Objective: To determine what the registered nurses’ perspectives are on the PMTCT programme as implemented at four PHC facilities in the Limpopo Province.Method: For this qualitative investigation, a descriptive research design was implemented. The data were collected during semi-structured interviews with nurses from four primary healthcare facilities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Challenges preventing effective implementation (e.g. increased workloads, viz. staff shortages; poor planning of training; equipment and medication shortages and long lead times; poor patient education) were identified.Conclusion: In spite of the successes of the PMTCT programme, considerable challenges still prevail; lack of patient education, poor facilities management and staff shortages could potentially influence the implementation of the PMTCT guidelines negatively.