bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence du climat sur le type de régulation saline du lac Tchad. Relations avec les modes de sédimentation lacustre
Authors: Carmouze Jean-Pierre , Pédro Georges
Published: June 2018

La régulation saline du lac Tchad dépend de la régulation hydrique et de l'intervention de processus biogéochimiques par l'intermédiaire desquels certains éléments dissous évoluent vers des formes insolubles. Elle peut être ramenée à la combinaison de deux facteurs antagonistes à composantes multiples. L'un, de nature climato-hydrogéologique, est lié à la régulation hydrique ; dans le cas du lac Tchad, il s'agit d'un facteur d'accroissement de la salure des eaux d'origine fluviatile. L'autre, de nature biogéochimique, rend compte de la sédimentation chimique au sein du milieu. C'est un facteur de dessalage.

Ces deux facteurs évoluent de manière opposée en fonction des fluctuations du plan d'eau, ou encore du climat. Leur combinaison est telle que : en période humide, pour des cotes élevées du plan d'eau (> à 283), le lac est assimilable à un bac de décantation et d'évaporation, dans lequel la salure ne dépasse pas une certaine valeur qui est en grande partie réglée par le premier facteur : la régulation est du type climato-hydrogéologique ; en période à caractéristiques climatiques «moyennes», le plan d'eau oscille entre les cotes 279,5 et 283. Les deux facteurs envisagés s'opposent l'un à l'autre, de sorte que la salure globale reste constante et que le lac fonctionne comme réacteur : la régulation est de type mixte climato-hydrologique et biogéochimique ; en période aride, lorsque le plan d'eau se maintient à un faible niveau (< 279,5), le lac peut être considéré comme un bac de concentration : la régulation est de type climatique et la sédimentation de nature évaporitique.

Les modes de sédimentation, lorsqu'on considère les trois cas précités, sont dans l'ordre : à dominante «héritée » avec précipitation de calcite, mixte (héritage -dépôts biogènes -néoformations argileuses) et à dominante évaporitique.
Essai de détermination de l'âge et de la vitesse d'altération d'un sol ferrallitique camerounais à l'aide de la méthode du déséquilibre radioactif uranium-thorium
Authors: Boulad Adel Paul , Muller Jean-Pierre , Bocquier Gérard
Published: June 2018

Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de calcul de la «vitesse d'altération» d'un sol, basée sur le déséquilibre radioactif uranium-thorium. L'application de cette méthode à un sol fenrallitique du Cameroun nous permet d'estimer la vitesse de progression de son front d'altération à 7.10⁻³ cm/an.
IV. La dégradation des cuirasses ferrugineuses. Etude et importance du phénomène pédologique en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Leprun Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

Des puits percés dans les cuirasses ferrugineuses sur les roches cristallines de Haute-Volta permettent d'observer la destruction sur place de ces niveaux indurés. Les mécanismes évolutifs sont mis en évidence, grâce à l'examen micromorphologique et aux analyses physico-chimiques et minéralogiques. Observé sous climat soudanien dans toute l'Afrique occidentale, ce phénomène de destruction des cuirasses a une influence sur les formes du relief. Il conduit vers le Nord aux regs sahariens et vers le Sud au modelé convexo-concave accentué de la forêt tropicale humide.
Recherche sur les conditions d'épigénie des plagioclases par la calcite
Authors: AL-Droubi Abdallah , Grondin Jean-Lou , Fritz Bertrand , Tardy Yves
Published: June 2018

Conditions for epigenesis of plagioclase by calcite have been studied using a chemical simulation model of reactions between minerals and solutions. Two types of replacement have been considered : one is related to the first steps of feldspars dissolution and the other to the end of this dissolution, when solutions become strongly basic.
Epigénies du quartz et de la kaolinite dans les accumulations et cuirasses ferrugineuses superficielles. La signification des goethites et hématites alumineuses
Authors: Nahon Daniel , Janot Christian , Paquet Hélène , Parron Claude , Millot Georges
Published: June 2018

L'étude des accumulations de fer et cuirassements ferrugineux sur roches sédimentaires des pays tropicaux montre que l'épigénie des quartz et de la kaolinite par les oxy-hydroxydes de fer en est le mécanisme essentiel. La silice des quartz et de la kaolinite est évacuée, alors que l'aluminium participe dans les réseaux à la genèse des oxydes -hydroxydes. Des taux limites de substitution ont pu être déterminés : 15 % de moles d'Al₂O₃ pour l'hématite et 30 % de moles d'AlOOH pour la goethite. Ces taux limites sont atteints dans les faciès pseudo-oolitiques et pseudo-pisolitiques qui constituent le terme des séquences de ferruginisation.
Les épigénies siliceuses du gypse lutétien du Bassin de Paris
Authors: Toulemont Marcel
Published: June 2018

The siliceous and calcitic epigenesis which characterize the «Upper Lutetian » of the Paris Basin result from an early and polyphase growth. The interference between the siliceous and sulphatic crystallizations, observed in the basin central zones, gives evidence of the geochemical complexity of the sedimentation medium, the marginal complexion of which is emphasized by the confrontation of marine and continental influences.
Discussion sur les conditions et les mécanismes de formation du quartz à 25 °C en milieu ouvert. Analyse réactionnelle par voie cinétique
Authors: Delmas André-Bernard , Garcia-Hernandez José-Enrique , Pédro Georges
Published: June 2018

The occurrence of quartz in soils and pedological formations, booth as primary residual mineral and as a secondary neogenesis constituent, is not fully explained at the moment. The subject has been studied experimentally using cristobalite as a source of silica in conditions of water or solutions flux. From a kinetic analysis, three main aspects are shown and discussed :

— The first one is related to the experimental formation of quartz. A domain of occurrence in relation to amorphous silica is defined and conditions of crystallization are precised. — In the second one, the problem of a possible competition between heterogeneous quartz nucleation and metal adsorption on cristobalite surface (mainly Al) is studied.

— The problem is extended to the more general competition between adsorption phenomena and silicate neoformation processes.
Morphométrie et hypersalinité chez Cyprideis torosa (Jones) (Ostracoda, Actuel) dans les salines de Santa-Pola (Alicante, Espagne)
Authors: Carbonnel Gilles
Published: June 2018

L'étude morphométrique de Cyprideis torosa, taille et forme, a été réalisée sur des individus provenant d'une saline espagnole. La salinité est comprise entre 6 0/00 et 140 0/00. L'analyse multivariée (analyse des correspondances) permet la discrimination des individus prélevés dans les trois biotopes : euhalin, hypohalin, hyperhalin. Dans ce dernier, les individus montrent une diminution de la taille et un bord antérieur plus globuleux.
Le fer et les glauconies au large de l'embouchure du fleuve Congo / Iron and glauconltes In front of the Congo River mouth
Authors: Giresse Pierre
Published: June 2018

Les apports à l'océan en solution et en suspension du fleuve Congo déterminent des milieux de sédimentation marine et fluvio-marine où plusieurs minéralogenèses ferrugineuses se développent (goethite, berthiérine, nontronite potassique et glauconie). L'étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique de la couverture meuble du plateau permet de séparer plusieurs phases chronologiques de dépôt de la fin du Quaternaire. Chacun des paléoenvironnements contrôle des étapes distinctes de la minéralogenèse : (1) vers 18 000 ans B.P. concentrations biologiques et mécaniques des pelotes fécales sur la bordure externe du plateau lors du dernier bas-niveau marin ; ce sont les glauconies les plus anciennes du plateau et les plus proches du pôle mica glauconitique ; (2) vers 12 000 ans B.P. accumulation de débris calcaires biogènes où les grains verts peu abondants sont composés surtout de nontronite potassique ; (3) pendant l'Holocène, les grains verts sont d'autant plus abondants que l'on s'éloigne des zones de sédimentation active ; dans les dépôts organiques du delta sous-marin, des berthiérines sont néoformées alors qu'à distance de l'embouchure des nontronites potassiques se constituent au sein de dépôts récents.

L'analyse est faite à l'échelle globale de la fraction glauconieuse des dépôts, mais aussi à l'échelle du tri granulométrique, densitométri-que ou de la susceptibilité magnétique et à celle du grain. Les échelles d'observation permettent de préciser le scénario d'une évolution minéralogique d'environ 20 000 ans dont on ne connaît ailleurs qu'une résultante globale et actuelle.
bo and illite crystallinity studies of K-white micas in rocks from forearc basin and accretionary complex sequences, Southern New England Fold Belt, N.S.W., Australia. Etude de bo et de la cristallinité de l'illite des micas blancs potassiques dans des roches du bassin d'avant-arc et des séquences du complexe d'accrétion dans la zone de plissement du Sud de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Australie)
Authors: Offler Robin , Hand Martin , Bale Richard
Published: June 2018

En étudiant la zone de plissement située dans le Sud de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Australie), nous avons démontré, par des études de b₀ des micas blancs potassiques, que la Zone de Tamworth et le Complexe des Plateaux contiennent des séquences qui manifestent des empreintes métamorphiques distinctes : les micas blancs des sédiments du bassin d'avant-arc (forearc basin) de la Zone de Tamworth montrent des conditions de basse pression, tandis que ceux des séquences du complexe d'accrétion dans le Complexe des Plateaux ont des caractères de pression intermédiaire. Les résultats sont en accord avec les modèles de tectonique des plaques proposés pour la Zone de Plissement du Sud de Nouvelle-Angleterre.

A partir d'analyses de la cristallinité de l'illite, il est établi que des roches caractéristiques des zones diagénétique à anchimétamorphique inférieure se dont développées dans la succession d'avant-arc tandis que celles des zones diagénétique à épimétamorphique se situent dans le complexe d'accrétion, avec un gradient de cristallinité croissant du Sud au Nord. Par ailleurs, le système de faille de Peel n'est pas une zone majeure de chevauchement.
Les déséquilibres radioactifs (U-Ra) de l'uranium du gisement de phosphate des Ganntour (Maroc occidental). The radioactive disequilibria (U-Ra) of the uranium from the phosphatic deposit of the Ganntour (Western Morocco)
Authors: Jeanmaire Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

Dans le cadre de l'étude de la répartition de l'uranium dans le gisement de phosphate des Ganntour, l'état d'équilibre relatif uranium-équivalent radium (U/eRa) a été mesuré par spectrométrie gamma multicanaux, sur 1 10 échantillons phosphatés d'origine et de faciès divers.

Les déséquilibres les plus fréquents et les plus importants (U/eRa compris entre 0,6 et 2,2, hormis une valeur exceptionnelle de 4,5) se rencontrent à moins de 10 m de profondeur. Ils peuvent s'expliquer par un lessivage météorique de l'U dans la partie tout à fait superficielle, suivi de son dépôt sous la zone lessivée, le radium restant fixé. Ce mécanisme récent aboutit à un faible enrichissement en U.

En profondeur, les déséquilibres rares et modestes (compris entre 0,8 et 1 ,3) attestent cependant de l'existence de mouvements mineurs d'uranium. Les déséquilibres favorables à l'U de la zone sèche semblent confirmer un faible apport de cet élément essentiellement depuis la surface, tandis qu'à l'intérieur de la zone noyée, s'il y a de légers mouvements d'U, départs et apports se compenseraient globalement.
Etude d'une image Seabeam de la dorsale est-indienne à 27° 40' S (océan Indien). 1 . Traitement et analyse de l'image. Seabeam investigation of the Southeast Indian Ridge at 27° 40' S (Indian Ocean). 1. Image processing
Authors: Sauter Daniel , Humler Eric , Munschy Marc , Whitechurch Hubert , Schlich Roland , Ruhland Michel
Published: June 2018

Une série de traitements d'images est décrite afin de permettre une interprétation morphostructurale précise et non subjective d'une grille bathymétrique Seabeam (1000 * 1000 au pas de 120 m) obtenue à l'axe de la dorsale est-indienne à 27°40'S. La procédure de traitement de l'image Seabeam consiste en trois opérations majeures : un prétraitement permet de remplir par interpolation linéaire des lacunes à l'intérieur des zones couvertes par les faisceaux Seabeam ; les fortes pentes (supérieures à 20°) assimilées à des failles sont caractérisées et quantifiées ; enfin, un traitement d'autocorrélation permet une estimation de la pseudo-périodicité des failles. Une interprétation morphostructurale préliminaire de ces traitements fait l'objet d'un article séparé (Humler et al., 1988).
Genèse et évolution des silicates de cuivre dans le gisement de Mindouli au Congo. / Genesis and evolution of copper silicates in the ore deposit of Mindouli, Congo
Authors: Koud Jean-Mathias
Published: June 2018

Les altérations météoriques qui affectent la minéralisation sulfurée de Mindouli au Congo conduisent à l'individualisation de nombreux produits secondaires : carbonates, silicates et oxydes. Il est mis en évidence différentes générations de silicates de cuivre : dioptase (CuSiO₃.H₂O), planchéite (Cu₇Si₈O₂₂(0H)₂) et chrysocolle (Cu₇Si₈O₂₀(OH)₈.8H₂O). Ces différents silicates de cuivre résultent soit directement de la transformation des sulfures cuprifères parentaux comme la chalcocite (Cu₂S), soit de recristallisations à partir de la dissolution des anciens minéraux cuprifères secondaires (malachite, carbonates et silicates de cuivre), soit enfin de pseudomorphoses du carbonate de plomb (cérusite, PbCO₃). Dans la majorité des cas analysés, la transformation s'est faite avec conservation de la structure du minéral originel. Aussi la composition chimique des phases secondaires cuprifères reflète-t-elle, en partie, celle du matériau parental.
Nouvelles données d'enthalpie libre de formation (ΔG°f,298) des cryptomélanes synthétiques : conséquences paragénétiques. / New determination of ΔG°f,298 of synthetic cryptomelane : paragenetic consequence
Authors: Hypolito Raphael , Giovanoli Rudolf , Valarelli José Vincente , Netto Silvania Maria
Published: June 2018

New determination of ΔG°(f.298) of synthetic cryptomelane : paragenetic consequence

Five cryptomelanes with different compositions were synthetized by oxidation (pure O₂ gas) of Mn²⁺ sulfuric solutions, and by addition of KOH, at 25°C. The following Gibbs free energies of formation were calculated from the experiments :

Analytical formula — AG°f298 cryp. (kJmol"1)

K0,77 MnI !1o47 MnIV7 45О i60,41H20 4 592,99 ± 1,22

K0 60 Mn 111 , 05 Mn IV7 об О i6 0,45H20 4 628,99 ± 1,21

К 0 56 Mn 111 j 23 Mn 1 v6 94 0 16 0,33H20 4 630,12 ± 1,20

К o,44 Mn 1,1 1,69 Mn ,V6 62 0 ,6 0,43H20 4 645,06 ±1,21

К0[зо Mn ni2'i8 Mn ]\29 О i6 0,53H20 4 679,58 ± 1,21

The ΔG°(f.298) cryp seems to be a function of n the number of Mn(O₂) in the cell, based on 16 oxygen as follows : ΔG°(f.298) cryp = 70,34 МпO₂ — 5.1 18,60 (kJmol"1). Correlations among Mn4+,Mn5+and K+ permitted the definition of two ideal cryptomelanes :one with a maximum of K* and Mn4* (K0,9oMnIV7 7gO 16,01) and the other with a maximum of Mn³⁺ but free of K⁺ (MnUI3 31 Mnlv5 5301б1оз)-Thermodynamic fields of stability between these two minerals with Mn²⁺ in solution were constructed in an Eh — pH diagram. Paragenetic considerations on the coexistence of cryptomelane and/or nsutite, pyrolusite and/or other minerals were obtained.
Les croûtes calcaires de Tunisie orientale aux environs de Sousse. Signification climatique et historique / Calcretes from Eastern Tunisia near Sousse. Climatical and historical significance
Authors: Regaya Kamel
Published: June 2018

La Tunisie orientale a connu pendant le Quaternaire de vastes épandages détritiques commandés par un régime fluviatile et dans lesquels se sont accumulés des carbonates. Ceux-ci sont organisés en séquences verticales et évolutives avec un gradient de calcitisation croissant jusqu'à former une croûte calcaire continue. Dans la coupe de Sahline— Metameur cette évolution "cyclique" est répétée trois fois. Les caractéristiques spécifiques de chaque croûte sont étroitement liées à son âge : la plus ancienne est assez épaisse, massive, très indurée et de couleur saumon ; la seconde est feuilletée, moins épaisse, moins indurée que la précédente et de couleur beige ; la dernière est plus récente : elle est peu indurée, son épaisseur est réduite et sa couleur est rose. Ces croûtes calcaires semblent être de bons marqueurs climatiques. En effet, elles seraient le résultat de cycles à climats chauds et alternés avec des saisons sèches marquées et favorables aux encroûtements calcaires.
Modélisation du transport transitoire de solutés en milieu poreux : les modèles linéaires. / Modeling the non-equilibrium transport of linearly interacting solutes in porous media
Authors: Sardin Michel
Published: June 2018

Modeling the non-equilibrium transport of linearly interacting solutes in porous media

The transport of linearly interacting solutes in porous media is investigated with the help of residence time distributions, transfert functions, methods of system dynamics, and time-moment analyses. The classical one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation is extended to two-region (mobile-immobile water) transport by including diffusional mass transfert limitations characteristic of aggregated porous media. The two region model is further revised by incorporating the effects of multiple retention sites (in parallel or in series), multiple porosity levels, and arbitrary but steady flow fields. It is shown that different physical situations can be represented by a relatively small number of transfert functions containing only two types of parameters : distribution coefficients to account for equilibrium properties, and characteristic times reflecting kinetic processes. Relevant kinetic processes include convective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, adsorption-desorption and physical or chemical mass transfert limitation. One shows so that the transfert time distribution is an extremely usefull tool for explaining some unexpected experimental results in the solute transport literature.
La matière organique des alternances sel-marne du salar d'Uyuni (Altiplano, Bolivie). Etudes géochimiques et palynologiques. / The organic matter of the salt-marl alternating layers of the salar of Uyuni (Altiplano, Bolivia). Geochemical and palynological studies
Authors: Schuler Monique , Blanc-Valleron Marie-Madeleine , Risacher François
Published: June 2018

Le sondage UA, au centre du salar d'Uyuni, a traversé une alternance de sédiments halitiques et «lacustres» sur plus de 120 m de profondeur. Diverses analyses, géochimiques, palynologiques, pétrographiques et minéralogiques, ont été effectuées afin d'étudier la matière organique présente. Cette MO est peu abondante (COT = 0,4 % en moyenne) par rapport à celle des alternances «sel-marne » d'autres séries. Le palvnofaciès montre une grande richesse relative en algues planctoniques lacustres, bien que cette MO ne se comporte pas comme un type I : les paramètres de pyrolyse Rock-Eval la rapprochent d'une MO de type II (classiquement observée dans les faciès sapropéliques en domaine marin).
Diagnostic and prognostic modeling of the terrestrial biosphere with remotely sensed measurements. / Modélisation paramétrique et prédictive de la biosphère terrestre par des observations satellitaires
Authors: Maisongrande Philippe , Dedieu Gérard , Ruimy Anne , Kergoat Laurent , Saugier Bernard , Berthelot Béatrice , Ciais Philippe
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a recapitulative of the modeling studies we have developed to estimate carbon fluxes of the terrestrial biosphere, with various integrations of satellite observations to drive, test, or improve models. The diagnostic model aimed at estimating Net Primary Productivity (NPP) benefits from remotely sensed vegetation index (NDVJ) to monitor the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (f(PAR)) with high space and time sampling. Applied to a pluriannual period, this method showed its ability to witness the response of vegetation to major interannual climatic events such as El Nino. Satellite f(PAR) estimates were also used to assess the outputs of a NPP process model that predicts Leaf Area Index (LAI). More complex approaches, based on the assimilation of satellite measurements within process models, are being developed in order to adjust some key model parameters.

The balance between heterotrophic respiration (R(h)) and NPP determines the carbon Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP ), i.e. the net carbon budget of ecosystems, which is the main variable of interest for global carbon cycle study. We describe an approach that combines satellite estimates of NPP with atmospheric CO₂ concentration and isotopic composition time series to adjust simple R(h) models. The method allowed to derive zonal distribution of the Q₁₀ parameter, that presents similar trends with values found in the literature.

Besides the obvious advantage of remote sensing for monitoring the seasonal evolution of vegetation, this result proves the ability of satellite data to diagnose a realistic zonal trend of seasonal and annual NPP.
Validation of soil organic carbon in the high resolution biosphere model (HBRM). / Validation du carbone organique des sols dans le modèle biosphère haute résolution (HBRM)
Authors: Hoffstadt Johannes , Howard D.M. , Howard Peter J.A.
Published: June 2018

Within the ESCOBA project, the opportunity has arisen to validate the description of the soil-related processes in the 'High Resolution Biosphere Model' (HRBM) through collaboration of the Institute of Plant Ecology at Gießen with staff of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) at Merlewood Research Station, who provided soil organic carbon data for Great Britain.
A scenario generator for land use changes for use in global carbon cycle models like the HRBM. / Un générateur de scénario de changement d'utilisation des terres applicable dans des modèles de cycle global comme le HRBM
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert , Esser Gerd
Published: June 2018

Un générateur de scénario de changement d'utilisation des terres applicable dans des modèles de cycle global du carbone comme le HRBM

Afin d'identifier sur le long terme les éléments moteurs du développement des zones agricoles et de la Productivité Agricole Relative (PAR ou RAP ) à l'échelle mondiale, une base de données socio-économiques a été conçue. Cette base est constituée de séries temporelles de 880 variables pour 149 pays. Cet outil analytique permet une multitude de combinaisons de différentes variables à l'échelle mondiale, régionale, ou par pays. Il devient alors possible de calculer des régressions entre variables et d'évaluer des tendances et des marges d'évolution.

A l'échelle mondiale, le système de production de nourriture est envisagé du point de vue de l'offre et de la demande. Côté demande, cette organisation est perçue comme un enchaînement de sous-systèmes décrits par des paramètres d'intensité. L'analyse des tendances résultantes révèle que les changements de PAR et des superficies cultivées dépendent essentiellement du marché de l'alimentation, des circuits de distribution, des habitudes et des rations alimentaires. Côté offre, les facteurs clés sont l'intensité du travail, le degré de mécanisation et d'apport d'engrais. Cette analyse est effectuée à l'échelle des pays pour être ensuite agrégée au niveau continental ou mondial afin de faciliter la lecture des graphiques. Pour chaque zone, 19 scénarios d'évaluation des superficies nécessaires à la production alimentaire future sont proposés et les orientations de recherches à suivre sont identifiées.
Two new 2-alkylquinolones, inhibitory to the fish skin ulcer pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum, produced by a rhizobacterium of the genus Burkholderia sp.
Authors: Li Dandan , Oku Naoya , Hasada Atsumi , Shimizu Masafumi , Igarashi Yasuhiro
Published: June 2018

Exploration of rhizobacteria of the genus Burkholderia as an under-tapped resource of bioactive molecules resulted in the isolation of two new antimicrobial 2-alkyl-4-quinolones. (E)-2-(Hept-2-en-1-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one (1) and (E)-2-(non-2-en-1-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one (3) were isolated from the culture broth of strain MBAF1239 together with four known alkylquinolones (2 and 4–6), pyrrolnitrin (7), and BN-227 (8). The structures of 1 and 3 were unambiguously characterized using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–8 inhibited the growth of the marine bacterium Tenacibaculum maritimum, an etiological agent of skin ulcers in marine fish, offering new opportunities to develop antibacterial drugs for fish farming.
Physical Roles of Interstellar-origin Pickup Ions at Heliospheric Termination Shock. II. Impact of the Front Nonstationary on the Energy Partition and Particle Velocity Distribution
Authors: Lembège Bertrand , Yang Zhongwei
Published: June 2018

The impact of the nonstationarity of the heliospheric termination shock in the presence of pickup ions (PUIs) on the energy partition between different plasma components is analyzed self-consistently by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code. Solar wind ions (SWIs) and PUIs are introduced as Maxwellian and shell distributions, respectively. For a fixed time, (a) with a percentage of 25% PUIs, a large part of the downstream thermal pressure is carried by reflected PUIs, in agreement with previous hybrid simulations; (b) the total downstream distribution includes three main components: (i) a low-energy component dominated by directly transmitted (DT) SWIs, (ii) a high-energy component dominated by reflected PUIs, and (iii) an intermediate-energy component dominated by reflected SWIs and DT PUIs. Moreover, results show that the front nonstationarity (self-reformation) persists even in presence of 25% PUIs, and has some impacts on both SWIs and PUIs: (a) the rate of reflected ions suffers some time fluctuations for both SWIs and PUIs; (b) the relative percentage of downstream thermal pressure transfered to PUIs and SWIs also suffers some time fluctuations, but depends on the relative distance from the front; (c) the three components within the total downstream heliosheath distribution persist in time, but the contribution of the ion subpopulations to the low- and intermediate-energy components are redistributed by the front nonstationarity. Our results allow clarifying the respective roles of SWIs and PUIs as a viable production source of energetic neutral atoms and are compared with previous results.
Extreme [O iii] Emitters at z ∼ 0.5
Authors: Li Zhihui , Malkan Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

We have found a sample of extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) with strong [O iii]λ5007 emission at z ∼ 0.5. Using broadband photometric selection and requiring small uncertainties in photometry, we searched the 14th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and found 2658 candidates with strong i-band excess (i – z ≤ r – i – 0.7). We further obtained 649 SDSS spectra of these objects, and visually identified 22 [O iii] emitters lying at 0.40 < z < 0.63. Having constructed their ultraviolet–infrared spectral energy distributions, we found that they have fairly blue r – W2 and red W1 – W4 colors, indicative of strong, warm dust emission. Their rest-frame [O iii]λ5007 equivalent widths are mostly 200–600 Å, and their high [O iii]λ5007/Hβ ratios put them at the boundary of star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei on line ratio classification diagrams. The typical E(B–V) and electron temperature of [O iii] emitters are ∼0.1–0.3 mag and ∼104 K, respectively. The lowest metallicity of our [O iii] emitters with S/N[O iii]λ4363 > 3 is 12 + log(O/H) = 

, with a median value of

. Our [O iii] emitters exhibit remarkably high line luminosity—18/22 have L
[O iii]λ5007 > 5 × 1042 erg s−1 and 5/22 have L
[O iii]λ5007 > 1043 erg s−1. Their estimated volume number density at z ∼ 0.5 is ∼2 × 10−8 Mpc−3, with L
[O iii]λ5007 down to ∼3 × 1042 erg s−1. The cumulative number distribution of EELGs across different redshifts is indicative of a strong redshift evolution at the bright end of the [O iii] luminosity function.
Galactic Forces Rule the Dynamics of Milky Way Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Hammer Francois , Yang Yanbin , Arenou Frederic , Babusiaux Carine , Wang Jianling , Puech Mathieu , Flores Hector
Published: June 2018

Dwarf galaxies populating the Galactic halo are assumed to host the largest fractions of dark matter, as calculated from their velocity dispersions. Their major axes are preferentially aligned with the Vast Polar Structure (VPOS) that is perpendicular to the Galactic disk, and we find their velocity gradients aligned as well. This finding results in a probability of random occurrence for the VPOS as low as ∼10−5. It suggests that tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way are distorting dwarf galaxies. Here we demonstrate on the basis of the impulse approximation that the Galactic gravitational acceleration induces the dwarf line-of-sight velocity dispersion, which is also evidenced by strong dependences between both quantities. Since this result is valid for any dwarf mass value, it implies that dark matter estimates in Milky Way dwarfs cannot be deduced from the product of their radius to the square of their line-of-sight velocity dispersion. This questions the high dark matter fractions reported for these evanescent systems, and the universally adopted total-to-stellar mass relationship in the dwarf regime. It suggests that many dwarfs are at their first passage and are dissolving into the Galactic halo. This gives rise to a promising method to estimate the Milky Way total mass profile at large distances.
The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) and the Changing Role of Herbaria
Authors: Klazenga Niels
Published: June 2018

Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) was created in 2001 and developed between 2001 and 2006 with the databasing of the label data of specimens from the Australian Commonwealth, state and territory herbaria. The success of AVH ultimately led to funding for the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and in October 2012 AVH was re-launched as part of the ALA infrastructure (http://avh.chah.org.au). Since 2012, some university herbaria have also joined AVH and in June 2017 the New Zealand Virtual Herbarium (NZVH) was integrated, giving rise to the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. The AVH currently holds almost 6.3 million records from 23 Australian and New Zealand herbaria and comprises over 80 per cent of the vouchered occurrence records of Australian plants, algae and fungi in ALA.

While no longer at the forefront of the digitisation wave, having been around for so long, AVH can provide valuable insights into how and to what extent herbarium data is used and into the benefits of digitisation for herbaria and natural history collections. Six years of download statistics shows an ever-increasing use of AVH data and a widening of the user base. A far greater proportion of downloaded records is ostensibly used for new uses like ecological research and conservation, than for the traditional uses of herbarium specimen data, systematics and collections management. The last few years have also seen an increase in the use of AVH data in education. Over the years many research articles based on AVH data have been written, mostly at the interface between ecology and systematics, i.e. biogeography and conservation science.

With the increase of the types of uses for herbarium data, it becomes important, also for the herbaria themselves, to consider the fitness for purpose of AVH data for uses other than the purpose for which it was collected. It has become apparent that the uncertainty of the latitudes and longitude provided with herbarium specimens is often too great for use in ecological research or conservation and there is a bias in collection density at the bioregion level, which is likely to be more severe at smaller spatial scales. Also, while the demand for vouchered occurrence records is increasing, we have seen a steady decrease in the intake of new specimens by Australian herbaria since the 1980s.

This presentation will cover how Australian herbaria use AVH, how other users use AVH and what being part of AVH has meant to Australian herbaria.
Developing a GIS of Hazards for Canadian Cultural Institutions
Authors: Strang Tom
Published: June 2018

The Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) has developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) of hazards for Canadian cultural heritage institutions. The greatly increased access to open data is changing how advisory bodies like the CCI and the public can access and share information.

For the purpose of investigating how a GIS approach can assist the CCI with its mandate to improve the preservation of collections, a map layer of cultural heritage institutions across Canada has been assembled and continues to be upgraded for accuracy, inclusion and detail (Fig. 1). This was combined with a collation of hazard layers; a partial list includes: seismic risk, notably expectations of earthquake severity tied to improvements in the national building code, tsunami exposure, wildfire data, hurricane, tornado, lightning density, pest distribution, and energy use indicators such as heating degree days and climate norm data. The platform allows examination of expectations around climate change driven risks such as sea-level rise, storm-incursions, permafrost melt. The GIS approach will also allow reassessments around expected changes to flood risk maps issued by jurisdictions, as well as Statistics Canada layers on population related factors such as changes in numbers of local populations, income and demographic shifts which can be stressors or opportunities.

Sources have been drawn from federal, provincial, municipal, and academic evaluations of hazards, which now are more commonly published as GIS products. Mapping Canadian heritage institution's within a GIS improves our ability to: visualise and interpret to clients the relative magnitude of their local hazards, make ties to more refined local analyses, and show adjacencies to mapped historical events. From a national perspective the GIS can generate profiles of aggregated institutional exposure to the hazards, and more readily identify sub-populations of institutions for which particular risks would rank higher or lower among their concerns.

This improves CCI's preventive conservation advisory service's perspective on mappable risks for any institution we deal with as clients. Ultimately, through federal initiatives in open data, it is our intention that client groups can look at the GIS for the purpose of educating themselves on hazards they would want to prepare for.
Managing 3D Collections Data: Developing Systems and Metadata for 3D Digitization at Scale
Authors: Blundell Jon
Published: June 2018

As 3D digitization becomes more common in collections documentation and research, there is a growing need for tools which address the special needs of 3D data stewardship. Systems are needed to manage both the scan data collected during digitization activities, as well as the 3D models generated from that data. These systems need to be able to preserve and make transparent the complex relationships inherent in the data created from 3D digitization activities. They need to connect digital surrogates back to the objects they represent as well as provide an easy way to discover and retrieve that data for research, conservation, and public access. At the core of such systems there needs to be metadata models that can account for the intricacies and specific needs of managing 3D data.

This year, the Smithsonian Institution will be deploying new infrastructure which does just that, based on a metadata model developed by a cross disciplinary working group comprised of content experts from across the institution. The platform, which not only manages scan data, but also automates the processing and delivery of 3D digitized content, is open source and is built around modular design principles for easier adoption.

This talk builds upon last year’s SPNHC presentation “Automating 3D collection capture: Developing systems for 3D digitization at scale” as it addresses the information systems and infrastructure needed to support the management and delivery of 3D data at scale. We will cover the basic functionality of the Smithsonian’s 3D data repository, how it facilitates data administration, the workflows involved in managing and processing data, and how it connects to the larger Smithsonian infrastructure. As part of this, we will explore the metadata model behind the system and how the model can support greater usability and transparency when sharing and working with 3D scan data.
Hematolymphoid neoplasms in effusion cytology
Authors: Monappa Vidya , Reddy Saritha M. , Kudva Ranjini
Published: June 2018

Background:

Hematolymphoid neoplasms (HLNs) presenting as body cavity effusions are not a common finding. They may be the first manifestation of the disease. A diagnosis on effusion cytology may provide an early breakthrough for effective clinical management.

Aims:

Study the cytomorphology of HLNs in effusion cytology, determine common types, sites involved and uncover useful cytomorphologic clues to subclassify them.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four biopsy-proven HLN cases with malignant body cavity effusions and 8 cases suspicious for HLN on cytology but negative on biopsy are included in this study. Effusion cytology smears were reviewed for cytomorphological features: cellularity, cell size, nuclear features, accompanying cells, karyorrhexis, and mitoses.

Results:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (37%) was the most common lymphoma type presenting as effusion followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (25%). Pleural effusion (75%) was most frequent presentation followed by peritoneal effusion (20.8%). Pericardial effusion was rare (4.1%). The common cytologic features of HLNs in effusions: high cellularity, lymphoid looking cells with nuclear enlargement, dyscohesive nature, and accompanying small lymphocytes. Mitosis and karyorrhexis were higher in high-grade HLNs when compared to low-grade HLNs. Myelomatous effusion showed plasmacytoid cells. Very large, blastoid looking cells with folded nuclei, high N: C ratio, and prominent nucleoli were seen in leukemic effusion.

Conclusion:

HLNs have characteristic cytomorphology and an attempt to subclassify them should be made on effusion cytology. Reactive lymphocyte-rich effusions cannot be distinguished from low-grade lymphomas based on cytomorphology alone. Ancillary tests such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and/or molecular techniques may prove more useful in this regard.
The influence of a vegetated bar on channel-bend flow dynamics
Authors: Bywater-Reyes Sharon , Diehl Rebecca M. , Wilcox Andrew C.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Point bars influence hydraulics, morphodynamics, and channel geometry in
alluvial rivers. Woody riparian vegetation often establishes on point bars
and may cause changes in channel-bend hydraulics as a function of vegetation
density, morphology, and flow conditions. We used a two-dimensional hydraulic
model that accounts for vegetation drag to predict how channel-bend
hydraulics are affected by vegetation recruitment on a point bar in a
gravel-bed river (Bitterroot River, Montana, United States). The calibrated
model shows steep changes in flow hydraulics with vegetation compared to
bare-bar conditions for flows greater than bankfull up to a 10-year flow
(Q10), with limited additional changes thereafter. Vegetation morphology
effects on hydraulics were more pronounced for sparse vegetation compared to
dense vegetation. The main effects were (1) reduced flow velocities upstream
of the bar, (2) flow steered away from the vegetation patch with up to a
30 % increase in thalweg velocity, and (3) a shift of the high-velocity
core of flow toward the cut bank, creating a large cross-stream gradient in
streamwise velocity. These modeled results are consistent with a feedback in
channels whereby vegetation on point bars steers flow towards the opposite
bank, potentially increasing bank erosion at the mid- and downstream ends of
the bend while simultaneously increasing rates of bar accretion.
The Measurement of Knowledge Transfer
Authors: von Clarmann Thomas
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The measurement of knowledge transfer is considered an important component of the overall performance assessment of research groups. It is, however, not a trivial task, because there is agreement on neither the definition nor on the logical structure of knowledge. In this paper the problems related to the explication of the title term are summarized and the relation between knowledge and information is critically discussed. Open questions with respect to the logical structure of knowledge and its transfer are identified. Requirements to the concept of a knowledge transferometer are developed. Finally the request to scientests to measure their knowledge transfer is critically discussed.
Locality-based 3-D multiple-point statistics reconstruction using 2-D
geological cross-sections
Authors: Chen Qiyu , Mariethoz Gregoire , Liu Gang , Comunian Alessandro , Ma Xiaogang
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Multiple-point statistics (MPS) has shown promise in representing complicated subsurface structures. For a practical three-dimensional (3-D) application, however, one of the critical issues the difficulty to obtain a credible 3-D training image. However, bidimensional (2-D) training images are often available because established workflows exist to derive 2-D sections from scattered boreholes and/or other samples. In this work, we propose a locality-based MPS approach to reconstruct 3-D geological models on the basis of such 2-D cross-sections, making 3-D training images unnecessary. Only several local training sub-sections closer to the central uninformed node are used in the MPS simulation. The main advantages of this partitioned search strategy are the high computational efficiency and a relaxation of the stationarity assumption. We embed this strategy into a standard MPS framework. Two probability aggregation formulas and their combinations are used to assemble the probability density functions (pdfs) from different sub-sections. Moreover, a novel strategy is adopted to capture more stable pdfs, where the distances between patterns and flexible neighborhoods are integrated on several multiple grids. A series of sensitivity analyses demonstrate the stability of the proposed approach. Several hydrogeological 3-D application examples illustrate the applicability of our approach in reproducing complex geological features. The results, in comparison with previous MPS methods, show better performance in portraying anisotropy characteristics and in CPU cost.
Mujer, roles de género y política de premios en el cine español (1940-1959)
Authors: Jurado Javier
Published: June 2018

En este artículo intentamos establecer, a través del análisis fílmico y sociológico de películas premiadas por la administración franquista, algunos de los roles adscritos a las mujeres en los años más difíciles de la dictadura. Premios, subvenciones y créditos formaron parte de un sistema de producción cultural que favorecía determinados discursos y que, en comparación con el estudio de los mecanismos de censura, creemos no han recibido la atención académica necesaria.  Guiones, personajes y temáticas serían afectados directamente por estos incentivos y son particularmente visibles en las tipologías de género usadas en los relatos fílmicos. De esta manera pretendemos demostrar la efectividad y persistencia de modelos y actitudes que se pueden rastrear en la actualidad y que formaron parte de las estrategias de legitimación de un determinado orden social.
Medios de comunicación como espacios alternativos para la inclusión de subjetividades de género diversas en la escuela
Authors: Galvis Sara Lorena , Obando Olga Lucía
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la construcción de espacios alternativos para la inclusión de las subjetividades de género diversas en la escuela  a través de los medios de comunicación. En un diálogo interdisciplinario se recurre a aportes postmodernos feministas y de género, y a contribuciones desde las teorías de la comunicación. Asimismo, se abordan las tendencias de interpretación del fenómeno relacional sujeto - fenómenos comunicativos mediáticos- cultura y sociedad desde posturas tecnofóbicas y tecnofílicas multidisciplinarias. El análisis se fundamenta en una serie de situaciones ocurridas en Colombia donde la propuesta de inclusión de subjetividades  de género diversas en la escuela genera reacciones sociales y políticas significativas al adquirir un carácter anticonstitucional y contrario a los principios de negociados en los Acuerdos de Paz. Las propuestas identificadas en los medios de comunicación señalan posibles ambivalencias con respecto al potencial de los medios como elemento facilitador u obstaculizador de aperturas de reconocimiento y respeto a las diversidades de género. Al develar la forma como algunos  medios de comunicación a través de estrategias como: la  diversificación y  naturalización de imaginarios de género, la implementación de una oferta de conocimiento informado y la motivación de procesos de toma de conciencia de género potencializa procesos para aproximarse a las subjetividades de género, procesos que pueden ser  útiles en contextos escolares y otros contextos sociales.
Changes in DNA methylation assessed by genomic bisulfite sequencing suggest a role for DNA methylation in cotton fruiting branch development
Authors: Sun Quan , Qiao Jing , Zhang Sai , He Shibin , Shi Yuzhen , Yuan Youlu , Zhang Xiao , Cai Yingfan
Published: June 2018

Cotton plant architecture, including fruit branch formation and flowering pattern, influences plant light exploitation, cotton yield and planting cost. DNA methylation has been widely observed at different developmental stages in both plants and animals and is associated with regulation of gene expression, chromatin remodelling, genome protection and other functions. Here, we investigated the global epigenetic reprogramming during the development of fruiting branches and floral buds at three developmental stages: the seedling stage, the pre-squaring stage and the squaring stage. We first identified 22 cotton genes which potentially encode DNA methyltransferases and demethylases. Among them, the homologous genes ofCMT,DRM2andMET1were upregulated at pre-squaring and squaring stages, suggesting that DNA methylation is involved in the development of floral buds and fruit branches. Although the global methylation at all of three developmental stages was not changed, the CHG-type methylation of non-expressed genes was higher than those of expressed genes. In addition, we found that the expression of the homologous genes of the key circadian rhythm regulators, includingCRY,LHYandCO, was associated with changes of DNA methylation at three developmental stages.