bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preformed Crowns - A Successful Approach to Restore Primary Teeth
Authors: Bahar Iqbal , Quader SM Abdul , Khan Md Ali Afzal , Jahan KM Rawnak , Khan Md Asif Iqbal
Published: February 2013

Preformed crowns are indicated for restoring severely decayed/ pulpally treated primary teeth since early1940s. Although the composition of Preformed Crowns varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, the preparation of teeth and manipulation technique for seating of Preformed Crowns (PC) on primary teeth would not invite much disagreement among different authors and operators. Available literature readily accepts that when used with a proper cementing agent such as Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) luting cement, preformed crown remain a superior and durable treatment option for primary teeth. This review article supports using preformed crowns for restoring critically damaged primary teeth until a suitable alternative is available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13984 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 29-34
A Disposable Microfluidic Virus Concentration Device Based on Evaporation and Interfacial Tension
Authors: Zhang Jane , Mahalanabis Madhumita , Liu Lena , Chang Jessie , Pollock Nira , Klapperich Catherine
Published: February 2013

We report a disposable and highly effective polymeric microfluidic viral sample concentration device capable of increasing the concentration of virus in a human nasopharyngeal specimen more than one order of magnitude in less than 30 min without the use of a centrifuge. The device is fabricated using 3D maskless xurography method using commercially available polymeric materials, which require no cleanroom operations. The disposable components can be fabricated and assembled in five minutes. The device can concentrate a few milliliters (mL) of influenza virus in solution from tissue culture or clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens, via reduction of the fluid volume, to tens of microliters (mL). The performance of the device was evaluated by nucleic acid extraction from the concentrated samples, followed by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The viral RNA concentration in each sample was increased on average over 10-fold for both cultured and patient specimens compared to the starting samples, with recovery efficiencies above 60% for all input concentrations. Highly concentrated samples in small fluid volumes can increase the downstream process speed of on-chip nucleic acid extraction, and result in improvements in the sensitivity of many diagnostic platforms that interrogate small sample volumes.
Behavior of Elastoplastic Auxetic Microstructural Arrays
Authors: Gilat Rivka , Aboudi Jacob
Published: February 2013

A continuum-based micromechanical model is employed for the prediction of the elasto-plastic behavior of periodic microstructural arrays that can generate negative values of Poisson’s ratios. The combined effects of the negative Poisson’s ratio generated by the array microstructure and the elastoplastic behavior of the constituents are studied. A design methodology for the determination of the constituents’ properties of two-phase arrays that generate required values of negative Poisson’s ratio is considered.
“Smart” Materials Based on Cellulose: A Review of the Preparations, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyun , Hu Shuwen
Published: February 2013

Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature, and possesses some promising properties, such as mechanical robustness, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Thus, cellulose has been widely applied in many fields. “Smart” materials based on cellulose have great advantages—especially their intelligent behaviors in reaction to environmental stimuli—and they can be applied to many circumstances, especially as biomaterials. This review aims to present the developments of “smart” materials based on cellulose in the last decade, including the preparations, properties, and applications of these materials. The preparations of “smart” materials based on cellulose by chemical modifications and physical incorporating/blending were reviewed. The responsiveness to pH, temperature, light, electricity, magnetic fields, and mechanical forces, etc. of these “smart” materials in their different forms such as copolymers, nanoparticles, gels, and membranes were also reviewed, and the applications as drug delivery systems, hydrogels, electronic active papers, sensors, shape memory materials and smart membranes, etc. were also described in this review.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Nanocellulose-Gelatin Films
Authors: Taokaew Siriporn , Seetabhawang Sutasinee , Siripong Pongpun , Phisalaphong Muenduen
Published: February 2013

A nanocellulose-gelatin (bacterial cellulose gelatin (BCG)) film was developed by a supplement of gelatin, at a concentration of 1%–10% w/v, in a coconut-water medium under the static cultivation of Acetobacter xylinum. The two polymers exhibited a certain degree of miscibility. The BCG film displayed dense and uniform homogeneous structures. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results demonstrated interactions between the cellulose and gelatin. Incorporation of gelatin into a cellulose nanofiber network resulted in significantly improved optical transparency and water absorption capacity of the films. A significant drop in the mechanical strengths and a decrease in the porosity of the film were observed when the supplement of gelatin was more than 3% (w/v). The BCG films showed no cytotoxicity against Vero cells.
A Low-Cost, Normally Closed, Solenoid Valve for Non-Contact Dispensing in the Sub-µL Range
Authors: Bammesberger Stefan , Kartmann Sabrina , Tanguy Laurent , Liang Dong , Mutschler Klaus , Ernst Andreas , Zengerle Roland , Koltay Peter
Published: February 2013

We present a disposable, normally closed, non-contact dispensing valve for the sub-µL range. The miniaturized solenoid valve (diameter: 8 mm, height: 27.25 mm) is compatible to standard Luer-Lock interfaces. A highly dynamic actuation principle enables opening times down to 1 ms. The dispensing performance was evaluated for water (η = 1.03 mPas) and a 66% (w/w) glycerol/water solution (η = 16.98 mPas), at pressures varying from 200 to 800 mbar. The experimentally determined minimal dispensing volume was 163 nL (CV 1.6%) for water and 123 nL (CV 4.5%) for 66% (w/w) glycerol/water. The low-cost polymer valve enables high precision dispensing of liquid volumes down to the lower end of the sub-µL range comparable to high-end non-disposable micro-dispensing valves.
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Some New Pyrazoline and Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Hassan Seham
Published: February 2013

A series of 2-pyrazolines 5–9 have been synthesized from α,β-unsaturated ketones 2–4. New 2-pyrazoline derivatives 13–15 bearing benzenesulfonamide moieties were then synthesized by condensing the appropriate chalcones 2–4 with 4-hydrazinyl benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride. Ethyl [1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]-5H-indole-5-ethanoate (26) and 1-(5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b] indol-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (32) were synthesized from 3-hydrazinyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole (24). On the other hand ethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]-5,10-dihydroquinoxaline- 5-ethanoate (27) and 1-(5,10-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]quinoxalin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (33) were synthesized from 3-hydrazinyl-5,10-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]quinoxaline (25) by reaction with diethyl malonate or ethyl acetoacetate, respectively. Condensation of 6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde (1') with compound 24 or 25 afforded the corresponding Schiff's bases 36 and 37, respectively. Reaction of the Schiff's base 37 with benzoyl hydrazine or acetic anhydride afforded benzohydrazide derivative 39 and the cyclized compound 40, respectively. Furthermore, the pyrazole derivatives 42–44 were synthesized by cyclization of hydrazine derivative 25 with the prepared chalcones 2–4. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR and 1H-NMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antimicrobial activity against the organisms E. coli ATCC8739 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 as examples of Gram-negative bacteria, S. aureus ATCC 6583P as an example of Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans ATCC 2091 as an example of a yeast-like fungus have been studied using the Nutrient Agar (NA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) diffusion methods. The best performance was found for the compounds 16, 17, 19 and 20.
A Novel Low-Cost Sensor Prototype for Monitoring Temperature during Wine Fermentation in Tanks
Authors: Sainz Beatriz , Antolín Jonathan , López-Coronado Miguel , Castro Carlos
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a multipurpose and low cost sensor for temperature control over the wine fermentation process, in order to steadily communicate data through wireless modules in real time to a viticulturist’s mobile or fixed device. The advantage of our prototype is due to the fact that it will be used by small winemakers in the “Ribera del Duero” area, and as it is a cheaper sensor and easy to use for the control and monitoring of the grape fermentation process, it will probably be used by other business men with the same necessities in the region. The microcontroller MSP430G2553 is among the components that make up the sensor, that are integrated onto a motherboard. It communicates with the RN-42 Bluetooth module through an UART interface. After verifying that all elements are working correctly, the parts are assembled to form the final prototype. This device has been tested in a winery in the region, fulfilling the initial project specifications.
Health Providers’ Perceptions of Novel Approaches to Visualizing Integrated Health Information
Authors: Reeder B. , Thompson H. , Demiris G. , Le T.
Published: February 2013

Objectives: We evaluated the design of three novel visualization techniques for integrated health information with health care providers in older adult care. Through focus groups, we identified generalizable themes related to the visualization and interpretation of health information. Using these themes we address challenges with visualizing integrated health information and provide recommendations for designers.

Methods: We recruited ten health care providers to participate in three focus groups. We applied a qualitative descriptive approach to code and extract themes related to the visualization of graphical displays.

Results: We identified a set of four common themes across focus groups related to: 1) Trust in data for decision-making; 2) Per -ceived level of detail for visualization (sub-themes: holistic, individual components); 3) Cognitive issues (subthemes: training and experience; cognitive overload; contrast); and 4) Application of visual displays. Furthermore, recommendations are provided as part of the iterative design process for the visualizations.

Conclusions: Data visualization of health information is an important component of care, impacting both the accuracy and speed of decision making. There are both functional and cognitive elements to consider during the development of appropriate visualizations that integrate different components of health.
Exploiting Online Discussions to Discover Unrecognized Drug Side Effects
Authors: Fang H. , Stanhope S. J. , Wu H.
Published: February 2013

Background: Drugs can treat human diseases through chemical interactions between the ingredients and intended targets in the human body. However, the ingredients could unexpectedly interact with off-targets, which may cause adverse drug side effects. Notifying patients and physicians of potential drug effects is an important step in improving healthcare quality and delivery.

Objective: With the increasing popularity of Web 2.0 applications, more and more patients start discussing drug side effects in many online sources. These online discussions form a valuable source for mining interesting knowledge about side effects. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of exploiting these discussions to discover unrecognized drug side effects.

Methods: We propose methods that can 1) build a knowledge base for drug side effects by automatically integrating the in -formation related to drug side effects from different sources; and 2) monitor online discussions about drugs and discover potential unrecognized drug side effects.

Results: Experiment results show that the online discussions indeed provide useful information discovering unrecognized drug side effects. We find that the integrated knowledge base contains more information than individual online sources. Moreover, both proposed detection methods can identi -fy the side effects related to the four recently recalled drugs, and the information from online discussions makes it possible to make the detection much earlier than official announcements. Finally, the proposed genera -tive modeling method is shown to be more effective than the discriminative method.

Conclusions: We find that it is possible to monitor online discussions to detect un -recognized drug side effects. The developed system is expected to serve as a com -plementary tool for drug companies and FDA to receive feedbacks from the patients, and it has the potentials to expedite the discovery process of unrecognized drug side effects and to improve the quality of healthcare.
The Evolution of a Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Fellowship
Authors: Palmer-Powell Jacqueline , Burns Deborah , Tanzi Donna , Floyd Jonathan C.
Published: February 2013

This column explores the development and implementation of a cardiac catheterization laboratory nursing fellowship at a 600-bed, tertiary-care hospital that is part of a large, multi-facility health system.
Multiple Generations in the Nursing Workplace: Part I
Authors: Riggs Connie J.
Published: February 2013

This column discusses the need to understand generational differences, characteristics, and work habits to improve relational communication and teamwork.
SD-OCT Analysis of Regional Epithelial Thickness Profiles in Keratoconus, Postoperative Corneal Ectasia, and Normal Eyes
Authors: Rocha Karolinne Maia , Perez-Straziota E. , Stulting R. Doyle , Randleman J. Bradley
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:

To assess corneal microarchitecture and regional epithelial thickness profile in eyes with keratoconus, postoperative corneal ectasia (ectasia), and normal unoperated eyes (controls) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

METHODS:

Regional corneal epithelial thickness profiles were measured with anterior segment SD-OCT (Optovue RTVue-100, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA). Epithelial thickness was assessed at 21 points, 0.5 mm apart, across the central 6-mm of the corneal apex in the horizontal and vertical meridians.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty eyes were evaluated, including 49 eyes from 29 patients with keratoconus, 32 eyes from 16 patients with ectasia, and 39 eyes from 21 control patients. Average epithelial thickness at the corneal apex was 41.18 ± 6.47
μ
m (range: 30 to 51
μ
m) for keratoconus, 46.5 ± 6.72
μ
m for ectasia (range: 34 to 60
μ
m), and 50.45 ± 3.92
μ
m for controls (range: 42 to 55
μ
m). Apical epithelial thickness was significantly thinner in eyes with keratoconus (
P
< .0001) and ectasia (
P
= .0007) than in controls. Epithelial thickness ranges in all other areas varied widely for keratoconus (range: 21 to 101
μ
m) and ectasia (range: 30 to 82
μ
m) compared to controls (range: 43 to 64) (
P
= .0063).

CONCLUSION:

SD-OCT demonstrated significant central and regional epithelial thickness profile differences between keratoconus, ectasia, and control eyes, with significant variability and unpredictability in ectatic eyes. This regional irregularity may necessitate direct epithelial thickness measurement for treatments where underlying stromal variations may be clinically relevant, including corneal collagen cross-linking or topography-guided ablations.
Meio- and macrofauna in the marine area of the Monte St. Bartolo Natural Park (Central Adriatic Sea, Italy)
Authors: Semprucci Federica , Frontalini Fabrizio , Covazzi-Harriague Anabella , Coccioni Rodolfo , Balsamo Maria
Published: February 2013

This paper presents an integrated investigation of benthic foraminiferal, meiofaunal and macrofaunal assemblages that was carried out in front of the marine area of the Monte St. Bartolo Regional Natural Park (Adriatic Sea, Italy). Although this area is not yet subject to conservation plans, an overall good quality status of its benthic assemblages was documented. In particular, the assemblages were somewhat diversified and generally minimally to moderately affected by anthropogenic activities. Both the foraminifera and macrofauna seemed to be primarily influenced by variations in the habitat’s features, whereas significant changes in the meiofaunal assemblage were related more to trophic supply fluctuations. These data suggest the potential vulnerability of this area and highlight the importance of defining and applying an appropriate integrated zone management plan.
CXCL9 Causes Heterologous Desensitization of CXCL12-Mediated Memory T Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: Giegold Oliver , Ogrissek Nadine , Richter Cornelia , Schröder Matthias , Herrero San Juan Martina , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Radeke Heinfried H.
Published: February 2013

The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 are primarily involved in memory Th1 cell–driven autoimmune diseases. Although recent studies in chronic inflammatory disease showed therapeutic success using combined blockade, details of CXCR3 and CXCR4 synergism are not understood. In this investigation, we intended to unravel the interaction of these chemokine receptors in static and dynamic cell-migration assays at both the cellular and molecular levels. Effects of combined stimulation by murine CXCL9 and CXCL12, ligands of CXCR3 and CXCR4, respectively, were analyzed using a murine central memory Th1 cell clone. Costimulation with CXCL9 desensitized the chemotaxis of Th1 cells toward CXCL12 by up to 54%. This effect was found in murine EL-4 cells, as well as in primary human T cells. Furthermore, under dynamic flow conditions CXCL12-induced crawling and endothelial transmigration of Th1 cells was desensitized by CXCL9. Subsequent experiments uncovered several molecular mechanisms underlying the heterologous cross-regulation of CXCR4 signaling by the CXCR3 ligand. CXCR4 surface expression was reduced, whereas CXCL12-induced Akt phosphorylation and intracellular Ca2+ signals were modulated. Moreover, blockade of Rac by NSC23766 revealed differential effects on CXCL12 and CXCL9 chemotaxis and abolished the desensitizing effect of CXCL9. The desensitization of CXCR4 via CXCR3 in memory Th1 cells suggests that their in vivo homeostasis, widely regulated by CXCL12, seemed to be significantly altered by CXCR3 ligands. Our data provide a more detailed understanding for the continuing extravasation and recruitment of Th1 lymphocytes into sites of persistent inflammation.
Class I Phosphoinositide-3-Kinases and Src Kinases Play a Nonredundant Role in Regulation of Adhesion-Independent and -Dependent Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Fumagalli Laura , Campa Carlo C. , Germena Giulia , Lowell Clifford A. , Hirsch Emilio , Berton Giorgio
Published: February 2013

Chemoattractant-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by adherent neutrophils occurs in two phases: the first is very rapid and transient, and the second one is delayed and lasts up to 30–40 min. We examined the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and Src-family kinases (SFKs) in these responses using human neutrophils treated with inhibitory compounds or murine neutrophils deficient of PI3Kγ or Hck, Fgr, and Lyn. Our studies show that PI3Kγ is indispensable for the early, fMLF-induced ROS generation and AKT and ERK phosphorylation, but is dispensable for the late response to fMLF. Additionally, the response to TNF, an agonist triggering only the delayed phase of ROS generation, was also unaffected in PI3Kγ-deficient neutrophils. In contrast, inhibition of SFKs by a selective inhibitor in human, or SFK deficiency in murine, neutrophils resulted in the inhibition of both the early and late phase of ROS generation, without affecting the early phase of AKT phosphorylation, but inhibiting the late one. Selective inhibitors of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ markedly reduced both the early and late response to fMLF and TNF in human neutrophils. These findings suggest that class IA PI3Ks may be activated by PI3Kγ via Ras in the early phase of the response and by SFKs in the late phase. The evidence that inhibition of SFKs in human, or SFK deficiency in murine, neutrophils results in suppression of Vav phosphorylation at all time points of the response to fMLF or TNF suggests that SFKs are indispensable for Vav phosphorylation.
Cohabitation and Christian faith
Authors: Möller Francois P.
Published: February 2013

The habit of cohabitation is an increasing phenomenon in our society. It is usually seen as a trial marriageto test the compatibility of the partners involved. Although it has become socially acceptable, it contradicts the most fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith. The question is therefore whether cohabitation could indeed be accepted as a trial marriageor even a marriage that differs in name only. Unfortunately most Christians find it difficult to give an answer to this question because they are not properly informed of the biblical view in this regard. Biblical direction is therefore important. This is done from a dogmatic-ethical perspective. The emphasis is not on counselling or the exegesis of certain scriptures as such, but on relevant biblical principles concerning this topic. This does not mean that scriptural passages could be ignored. It stands to reason that biblical principles should be derived from specific Scriptures, and the aim is to deal with these Scriptures in a responsible way. This means, inter alia, that context and historical background are important. In doing so, these principles will not only be identified as guidelines in dealing with the habit of cohabitation, but also as principles that make sense in applying them. This was done by identifying some of the problems involved in cohabitation, followed by a biblical perspective of that which constitutes marriage over against cohabitation.Saambly en die Christelike geloof. Die gebruik van ongetroudes om saam te bly, is ’n verskynsel wat in die samelewing toeneem. Dit word gewoonlik as ’ntoetshuwelik beskou om te bepaal of die paartjie regtig by mekaar pas met die oog op ’nhuwelik. Alhoewel dit ’nsosiaal-aanvaarde praktyk geword het, staan dit lynreg teenoor die mees fundamentele leerstellings van die Christelike geloof. Die vraag is daarom of saambly inderdaad as ’ntoetshuwelik aanvaar kan word of enigsins as ’nhuwelik beskou kan word – een wat net anders genoem word. Ongelukkig is dit vir die meeste Christene moeilik om hierdie vraag te beantwoord omdat hulle nie behoorlik ingelig is oor wat die bybelse siening in hierdie verband nie. Bybelse riglyne oor hierdie onderwerp is dus baie noodsaaklik. In hierdie artikel word sodanige riglyne verskaf vanuit ’ndogmaties-etiese perspektief. Die klem val nie op berading of die eksegese van bepaalde Skrifgedeeltes nie, maar op relevante bybelse beginsels rakende hierdie onderwerp. Dit beteken egter nie dat Skrifverwysings geïgnoreer kan word nie. Dit spreek vanself dat bybelse beginsels afgelei moet word van bepaalde skrifgedeeltes, waarmee dan op ’nverantwoordelike wyse omgegaan moet word. Dit beteken onder andere dat konteks en historiese agtergrond belangrik is. Bybelse beginsels sal egter nie net as riglyne geïdentifiseer word in die evaluering van saambly nie, maar ook as logiese beginsels in die toepassing daarvan. Om dit te bereik is probleme ten opsigte van saambly geïdentifiseer en opgevolg met ‘n bybelse perspektief oor wat ’nware huwelik eintlik werklik behels en inhou.
Quasi-Optimized Overlapping Schwarz Waveform Relaxation Algorithm for PDEs with Time-Delay
Authors: Wu Shu-Lin , Huang Ting-Zhu
Published: February 2013

Schwarz waveform relaxation (SWR) algorithm has been investigated deeply and widely for regular time dependent problems. But for time delay problems, complete analysis of the algorithm is rare. In this paper, by using the reaction diffusion equations with a constant discrete delay as the underlying model problem, we investigate the convergence behavior of the overlapping SWR algorithm with Robin transmission condition. The key point of using this transmission condition is to determine a free parameter as better as possible and it is shown that the best choice of the parameter is determined by the solution of a min-max problem, which is more complex than the one arising for regular problems without delay. We propose new notion to solve the min-max problem and obtain a quasi-optimized choice of the parameter, which is shown efficient to accelerate the convergence of the SWR algorithm. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical conclusions.
A Distributed Control Approach for the Boundary Optimal Control of the Steady MHD Equations
Authors: Bornia G. , Gunzburger M. , Manservisi S.
Published: February 2013

A new approach is presented for the boundary optimal control of the MHD equations in which the boundary control problem is transformed into an extended distributed control problem. This can be achieved by considering boundary controls in the form of lifting functions which extend from the boundary into the interior. The optimal solution is then sought by exploring all possible extended functions. This approach gives robustness to the boundary control algorithm which can be solved by standard distributed control techniques over the interior of the domain.
Observations of poleward-propagating large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in southern China
Authors: Ding F. , Wan W. , Ning B. , Zhao B. , Li Q. , Wang Y. , Hu L. , Zhang R. , Xiong B.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. We report here on two cases of poleward-propagating large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) in China during a medium-scale storm between 27 May and 1 June 2011. The observations were conducted by making use of the Global Positioning System network and ionosondes in China and Southeast Asia. One northeastward-propagating LSTID occurred on the morning of 30 May, while the other was observed during the nighttime of 1 June. Both poleward-traveling LSTIDs occurred during the storm's recovery phase in southern China's low-latitude region (geomagnetic latitude ~ 7.3–24° N) and experienced severe dissipation during their propagation from south to north. Although the initial relative amplitude of the nighttime LSTID was ~ 60% larger than that of the morning event, the nighttime event dissipated more quickly than the morning event because of a strong nighttime enhancement in background total electronic content (TEC) during storm time, which led to strong ion-drag dissipation during the evening. The poleward-propagating LSTIDs exhibit a narrower latitudinal range, a smaller amplitude, and a slightly higher elevation compared with the equatorward-moving LSTIDs observed in the same region. Given these features, the poleward-propagating LSTIDs were likely excited by some local source near southern China. Excitation of secondary LSTIDs during the dissipation of some primary medium-scale disturbances from the lower atmosphere is a possible mechanism.
Strategy Implementation Traceability of Breeding Shrimp Business in Indonesia
Authors: Soedrijanto Angky , Huseini Martani , Setiawan Margono , Suprayitno Eddy
Published: February 2013

Broodstock in the preparation of the document traceability from sea to table is upstream of all the problems in the shrimp business in Indonesia. Until now there has been no regulation or standard of Good Breeding Practices Operaional procedures that are technically capable of guaranteeing the treatment of antibiotics free. The research aims to identify, locate and establish a starting point in the implementation of traceability Indonesian shrimp from hatchery business. Analyzing the performance of the business associated with breeding success in the implementation of traceability as well as find the implementation strategy of  Indonesia's shrimp traceability. The results showed that tracer code to recording the capture area of the broodstock and technically seeding practices is importance. Application numeric code that registered would be included in the memorandum of sale of seed should be done jointly by the Government and the Association of hatchery. Standards and sanctions, can be implemented by the supplier, and cold storage. Supplier has the right to buy at the local market price for non-tracer prawn; so that cold storage have to refuse shrimp if nothing to seed sales without a memorandum of traceability. Based on these simple sales memorandum format, traceability could have been implemented for accurate searching. The reflects code of location tracer hatchery / backyard in District / City + catcher + spawner + breeder + seed brokers whole or in part. Technicians and Managers responsible for the source of information if cases of food safety incidents, For accounting purposes of the company, that buyers have a recording data search to find a farmer or even seed traders. In the event that a broodstock shrimp business comes from imports, the tracer code catcher broodstock and breeder may contain information search origin imported interpreted code or code numbers importers import documents.
Anticoagulation therapy in haemophilia
Authors: Tuinenburg A. , Fischer K. , Mauser-Bunschoten E. P. , Schutgens R.E.G.
Published: February 2013

Patients with haemophilia (PWH) are relatively protected from cardiovascular death. Recent insights have shown that this is not due to less formation of atherosclerosis than in non-haemophilic men, therefore protection from the final occlusive thrombus will be the major determinant. Prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovascular disease (especially non-fatal events) are scarce, although ongoing studies are addressing this issue.

Meanwhile, because the haemophilia population is aging, we are increasingly confronted with cardiovascular events. The main cardio vascular risk factors that should be part of regular screening programs are hypertension, overweight, lipometabolic disorders and smoking. Anticoagulation therapy in haemophilia is feasible, provided that individual tailored coagulation therapy and close monitoring is provided.

Here, we present our view on anticoagulation management in PWH. There is an absolute need for risk assessment tools and prospective validation of suggested anticoagulation management strategies in PWH. Until then, we are managing the unknown.
Modeling Single-Screw Extrusion Processing Parameters and Resulting Extrudate Properties of DDGS-Based Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feeds
Authors: Ayadi Ferouz Y. , Fallahi Parisa , Rosentrater Kurt A. , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan
Published: February 2013

A single-screw laboratory extruder was used to conduct an L18 (22 ´ 36) Taguchi fractional factorial study of aquafeed processing. The ingredients were based on a formulation for nutritionally-balanced Nile tilapia diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal as the main protein sources, in addition to constant amounts of corn flour, whey, and fishmeal. The effects of three levels of DDGS (20, 30 and 40%), soybean meal (30, 40 and 50%), ingredient moisture content (20, 30 and 40% db), screw speed (100, 150 and 200 rpm), die dimension (L/D ratios of 5, 9 and 13), barrel temperature (80-100-100°C, 80-120-120°C and 80-140-140°C) and two levels of screw configuration (compression ratios of 2:1 and 3:1) on extrudate physical properties (moisture content, water activity, bulk density, unit density, expansion ratio, pellet durability index, water absorption and solubility indices, water stability, color) and extruder processing parameters (resulting temperatures, die pressure, extruder torque, mass flow rate, apparent viscosity, and specific mechanical energy) were determined. Data from raw materials, processing conditions, and extrudate properties were used to develop surface response curves and equations. However, predominantly low R2 values (< 0.5) only permitted linear relationships between some independent parameters and response variables. Regarding main effects, die pressure significantly decreased with higher DDGS levels, moisture content, temperature, lower die L/D, and higher screw compression. Expansion ratio decreased significantly with higher moisture content and lower die L/D. Significant differences in color were caused by changes in DDGS levels and moisture content. In summary, DDGS, moisture content, die dimension, and extrusion conditions had the biggest impact on most of the extrudate physical properties and processing conditions. Different combinations of these independent factors can be used to achieve desired extrudate physical properties and processing conditions.
 
Homeostatic and Circadian Contribution to EEG and Molecular State Variables of Sleep Regulation
Authors: Curie Thomas , Mongrain Valérie , Dorsaz Stéphane , Mang Géraldine M. , Emmenegger Yann , Franken Paul
Published: February 2013

Study Objectives:

Besides their well-established role in circadian rhythms, our findings that the forebrain expression of the clock-genes Per2 and Dbp increases and decreases, respectively, in relation to time spent awake suggest they also play a role in the homeostatic aspect of sleep regulation. Here, we determined whether time of day modulates the effects of elevated sleep pressure on clock-gene expression. Time of day effects were assessed also for recognized electrophysiological (EEG delta power) and molecular (Homer1a) markers of sleep homeostasis.

Design:

EEG and qPCR data were obtained for baseline and recovery from 6-h sleep deprivation starting at ZT0, -6, -12, or -18.

Setting:

Mouse sleep laboratory.

Participants:

Male mice.

Interventions:

Sleep deprivation.

Results:

The sleep-deprivation induced changes in Per2 and Dbp expression importantly varied with time of day, such that Per2 could even decrease during sleep deprivations occurring at the decreasing phase in baseline. Dbp showed similar, albeit opposite dynamics. These unexpected results could be reliably predicted assuming that these transcripts behave according to a driven damped harmonic oscillator. As expected, the sleep-wake distribution accounted for a large degree of the changes in EEG delta power and Homer1a. Nevertheless, the sleep deprivation-induced increase in delta power varied also with time of day with higher than expected levels when recovery sleep started at dark onset.

Conclusions:

Per2 and delta power are widely used as exclusive state variables of the circadian and homeostatic process, respectively. Our findings demonstrate a considerable cross-talk between these two processes. As Per2 in the brain responds to both sleep loss and time of day, this molecule is well positioned to keep track of and to anticipate homeostatic sleep need.
Longitudinal Course of Depression Scores with and without Insomnia in Non-Depressed Individuals: A 6-Year Follow-Up Longitudinal Study in a Korean Cohort
Authors: Suh Sooyeon , Kim Hyun , Yang Hae-Chung , Cho Eo Rin , Lee Seung Ku , Shin Chol
Published: February 2013

Study Objective:

This is a population-based longitudinal study that followed insomnia symptoms over a 6-year period in non-depressed individuals. The purpose of the study was to (1) investigate the longitudinal course of depression based on number of insomnia episodes; and (2) describe longitudinal associations between insomnia and depression, and insomnia and suicidal ideation.

Design:

Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting:

Community-based sample from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Participants:

1,282 non-depressed individuals (44% male, mean age 52.3 ± 7.14 years)

Measurements and Results:

This study prospectively assessed insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation with 4 time points. Individuals were classified into no insomnia (NI), single episode insomnia (SEI), and persistent insomnia (PI; ≥ insomnia at 2+ time points) groups based on number of times insomnia was indicated. Mixed effects modeling indicated that depression scores increased significantly faster in the PI group compared to the NI (P < 0.001) and SEI (P = 0.02) groups. Additionally, the PI group had significantly increased odds of depression as compared to NI or SEI (OR 2.44, P = 0.001) groups, with 18.7% meeting criteria for depression compared to the NI (5.3%) and SEI (11.6%) groups at end point. The PI group also had significantly increased odds of suicidal ideation as compared to NI or SEI (OR 1.86, P = 0.002) groups.

Conclusions:

Persistent insomnia significantly increases the rate in which depression occurs over time in non-depressed individuals, which ultimately leads to higher risk for depression. Additionally, having persistent insomnia also increased the risk of suicidal ideation.
Blood Cu/Zn Ratio in Children of School Age, Living in Malaria Endemic Area in Abidjan (Côte D'ivoire)
Authors: M’boh Gervais Melaine , Boyvin Lydie , Beourou Sylvain , Djaman Allico Joseph
Published: February 2013

Background: Food intake contains various nutrients which the loss or destruction are exogenous factors of oxidative damages in our body, aggravated by infectious diseases. Blood ratio Cu/Zn is an indicator about the pool of defenses anti oxidizing to measure damage oxidative. The present study aimed to investigate the blood ratio Cu/Zn an indicator of pool of oxidative stress and eating risk factors in children school age, living in malaria endemic area.
Methods: A total of 113 participants, aged 5-14 years with a mean age about 9.5 ±2 were submitted to the study. Malaria diagnosis was based on clinical grounds as the feverish condition (axillary temperature ≥ 37°C) and confirmed by laboratory test. A survey was conducted to screen children eating habits, and conjointly blood ratio Cu/Zn analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: We have noted a high value of the Cu/Zn ratio in malarial children, as compared to controls (p < 0.001). This ratio in both groups was highest compared to the normal values (< 1), and showed an acute value in course of parasitemia. Elsewhere, it was identified eating risk factors in all children.
Conclusion: Children of school age in high endemic zone of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire are exposed to the damage of stress oxidative. Thus, eating habits and their interaction with the parasite growth should be analyzed, to correct the states of stress by monitoring down the ratio copper/zinc.
Hyperbranched Polymers in a Supercritical Fluid: Recent Progress on Phase Behavior and Modeling
Authors: Wu Yue
Published: February 2013

Abstract: The advent of new chemistries has led to the creation of well-defined, novel polymer architectures. Due to their unique structures, hyperbranched polymers are receiving more and more attention and widely applied in various fields in the past two decades. In spite of their increasingly mature applications, some fundamental properties of star polymers are still lacking, such as their solubility behavior in different solvents, especially at high pressures. On the other hand, supercritical fluids (SCF) are ideal environmentally preferable solvents for polymer processing. This article intends to review the recent progress on the experimental determination and modeling of phase behavior of hyperbranched polymer systems, especially hyperbranched polymers in SCF. Following a brief description of the definition, properties, and applications of hyperbranched polymers, a detailed overview will be presented on the recent studies on phase behavior of hyperbranched polymer systems. Emphasis will be laid on the high-pressure phase behavior of polymers in SCF. Different models proposed by previous researchers will be then compared for the purpose of accurately predicting the phase equilibrium data. Finally current challenges will be discussed for future work.
Picosecond Solvation Dynamics of Coumarin153 in Bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)dihydroborate Cation Containing Room Temperature Ionic Liquid and Ionic Liquid-DMF Mixtures
Authors: Sahu Prabhat Kumar , Das Sudhir Kumar , Sarkar Moloy
Published: February 2013

Abstract: Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence behavior of coumarin153(C153) in bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)dihydroborate cation containing room temperature ionic liquid and its mixture with dimethylformamide (DMF) has been investigated. Density functional calculations on the present ionic liquid have been carried out to have ground state structural information of this system. C-H···N and C-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions between cationic and anionic moiety of the present ionic liquid has been observed. Steady state absorption and emission spectral profiles of C153 are found not to be influenced by the polar cosolvent. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy experiments show that the rotational motion of the probe becomes faster in presence of DMF. During time dependent dynamic Stokes shift measurements in ionic liquid-DMF mixtures, the average solvation time is found to decrease with the addition of DMF to the ionic liquid. The decrease in both average solvation and rotational time of probe molecule upon gradual addition of polar organic co-solvent is attributed to the lowering of bulk viscosity of the medium.
Investigation of Different Carbon Materials with Different Coating Methods as Micro Porous Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Yu-Hsu , Jao Ting-Chu , Tzeng Wei-Jen , Jung Guo-Bin , Sun Shih-Yuan , Wang Cheng-Tang
Published: February 2013

In this work, two types of carbon - Vulcan XC-72R, and vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF, 7μm in length and 100 nm in diameter) were investigated as materials composing a micro porous layer (MPL). These carbon materials were either sprayed or doctor bladed on commercial carbon paper (GDS 340, CeTech Co., Ltd., Taiwan) to form an MPL with various carbon loadings and various polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) contain ratio. All of the home-made GDLs were assembly with commercial catalyst coated membranes (CCMs, General Optics Corp., Taiwan) for fuel cell performance test. All of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) samples were investigated by the polarization curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).
Practical Experience with Woody Biomass in a Down-Draft Gasifier
Authors: Wolff Deidre , Walsh Eilin , McDonnell Kevin P.
Published: February 2013

Gasification is the cleanest method of obtaining energy from fossil fuels, but with increasing awareness of depleting fossil fuel reserves attention has shifted towards renewable sources of energy. Any carbonaceous material can be gasified to generate high-value end-products from otherwise potentially low-value materials. Gasification can also generate energy from purpose-grown bioenergy crops, and Ireland has an ideal climate to produce woody biomass for energy generation. This update outlines some preliminary results from an investigation into the most suitable woody feedstock for small-scale localised gasification to produce a synthetic gas suitable for use in internal combustion engines. Argentinean- and German-standard wood pellets and Irish-grown willow chips were gasified in a down-draft gasifier. Operation of the gasifier led to the observation that the willow chips bridged within the feedstock hopper which prevented completion of gasification. Implementing a stirring bar in the feedstock hopper prevented bridging and gasification was then successful. Collection of the gas produced during gasification of willow chip was unsuccessful, however gas composition analysis indicates pellets which meet the German-standard are more suitable than Argentinean-standard pellets for use in a down-draft gasifier; work is underway to determine the composition of willow-derived synthetic gas to determine the most suitable feedstock for decentralised gasification by rural communities in Ireland as part of smart farming systems.
Statistical Approach for Modeling of Daily Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Over Hebron City, Palestine
Authors: Alsamamra Husain
Published: February 2013

Understanding solar radiation data is essential for modeling solar energy systems because it is non-polluting, non-depletable, reliable, and pollution free. Four-years measured average daily global solar radiation data on horizontal surfaces at Hebron city in Palestine were used for the model assessment. Statistical results showed that all four suggested models can accurately predict the solar irradiance of a 31° 57' N (latitude angle of Hebron) on a horizontal oriented surface, indicating the good predictive ability for modeling a horizontal surface. The obtained models have a high value of regression coefficient and give best fit through the measured values. This work illustrates also the use of mathematical formula to develop a predictive model for the duration of sunshine using measured solar radiation data for Hebron city. The present work showed that the predicted results were in good agreement with the observed data, and the expected solar radiation behavior.
Les liens entre jeux de hasard et d’argent, activités policières et demandes d’aide
Authors: Alain1 Marc , Dessureault Danny , Brunelle Natacha
Published: February 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d’une démarche de suivi des effets macrosociologiques liés à l’implantation d’une toute nouvelle offre de jeux de hasard et d’argent présentée par Loto-Québec dans un contexte péri-urbain : le Salon de jeu de Trois-Rivières, un lieu de loisirs qui regroupe sous un même toit des appareils de loterie vidéo, des tables de poker et une roulette virtuelle. Plusieurs collectes de données ont servi à matérialiser ce bilan des effets, soit, d’une part, un suivi chronologique des appels logés au service de police de la ville et, d’autre part, un suivi des demandes d’aide et de référence pour problème de jeu pathologique, demandes tenues à jour par l’organisme Domrémy MCQ. L’analyse des données policières se révèle fidèle à ce que la littérature permet de penser, soit qu’il n’y a pas de lien entre l’introduction d’une nouvelle offre légalisée de jeux de hasard et d’argent et la criminalité. En revanche, l’absence de liens entre cette nouvelle offre et le nombre de demandes d’aide, quant à elle, va dans le sens contraire de ce que la littérature a établi. Nous proposons que la principale raison expliquant ces phénomènes tient dans le peu de succès qu’a connu le Salon de jeu pendant la période où nos travaux se sont déroulés.