bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اللغة العربية في السودان في ضوء التخطيط اللغوي والسياسة اللغوية
Authors: Siddig Ahmed Hussien Belal
Published: October 2024

الأهداف:  يهدف هذا البحث إلى الوقوف على وضع اللغة العربية في السودان في ظل التعدد اللغوي، والسياسات اللغوية، والتخطيط اللغوي.
المنهجية: ينتهج البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والتأريخي؛ لمناسبة هذين المنهجين لطبيعة الدراسة، إذ يصف ظاهرتي التخطيط اللغوي والعلاقة بينهما، ويحللهما بناء على ما ذهب إليه العلماء في هذا المجال، ويتتبع تأريخيًّا السياسة اللغوية في ظل حكومة الاستعمار، وفي ظل الدساتير الوطنية المختلفة.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها: اللغة العربية هي اللغة الرسمية للدولة رغم تعاقب الحكومات، واختلاف الدساتير، انتهجت الإدارة البريطانية سياسة المناطق المقفولة لمنع انتشار اللغة في بعض مناطق السودان لأسباب دينية، كما فرضت اللغة الانجليزية لغة للتعليم في المرحلة الثانوية، والجامعية، وحكومة الإنقاذ اتخذت قرارات دعمت وضع اللغة العربية تخطيطًا وسياسة، من ذلك سياسة التعريب في التعليم العالي في السودان، ضمن ما أطلقت عليه ثورة التعليم العالي.
الخلاصة: تناولت هذه الدراسة "اللغة العربية في السودان في ضوء التخطيط اللغوي، والسياسة اللغوية" في إطارين: نظري، وعملي،  فتناولت التخطيط اللغوي والسياسة اللغوية في فترتي الاستعمار، والاستقلال، ووضع اللغة العربية، في هاتين الفترتين، وما قامت به الحكومات المتعاقبة بعد الاستقلال في هذا الصدد، فعرف الباحث بمصطلحي التخطيط اللغوي، والسياسة اللغوية، ثم اللغات السودانية وتصنيفها، وواقع اللغة العربية بين تلك اللغات، وسياسة المستعمر تجاهها، ووضعها في دساتير السودان المختلفة حسب الحكومات المتعاقبة، وما تبع ذلك من سياسة التعريب في التعليم العالي.
التحليل المكاني للتغيرات المناخية في منطقة الحدود الشمالية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: Alabbad Huda Abdullah
Published: October 2024

الاهداف: يهدف إلى التحليل المكاني لتوزيع درجات الحرارة والأمطار، وكشف نسبة التغيرات التي طرأت على توزيع كل منها بين مرحلتين: الأولى بين عامي 1980 – 2000م، والثانية بين عامي 2001 – 2021م.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المرئيات الفضائية المناخية لكل من: القمر (Merra-2)؛ لتحليل توزيع وتغير درجات الحرارة، والقمر (TRMM)؛ لتحليل توزيع وتغير الأمطار، وذلك بين عامي 1980 - 2021م من موقع وكالة ناسا. تمر معالجة المرئيات باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية، ومع استخدام خوارزمية (Spline) في برنامج (Arc GIS)؛ لاشتقاق طبقات المتغيرين، وتلاه استخدام خوارزمية (Percentage Change) في برنامج (Edrisi Selva)؛ لتحديد نسبة التغيرات التي طرأت على متغيري: الحرارة والأمطار على شكل متوسطات وانحراف معياري.
النتائج: تراوحت نسب تغير درجات الحرارة بين المرحلتين بين 3.22% شرق منطقة الحدود الشمالية، بينما بلغت نسبة تغير درجات الحرارة 5.85% غرب المنطقة، بمتوسط وانحراف معياري بلغا (4.35 - +0.72%) على مستوى المنطقة. وتباينت نسبة تغير الأمطار من مكان الى آخر بين المرحلتين، حيث تراوحت بين -12. 49% شرق، وجنوب شرق المنطقة، إلى 31. 30% غرب، وشمال غرب منطقة الحدود الشمالية، بمتوسط وانحراف معياري بلغا (-27. 4% - +24.54) على مستوى المنطقة.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى تعرُّض كامل المنطقة لتغيرات إيجابية في درجات الحرارة، فضلًا عن أن الأجزاء الغربية للمنطقة تعرضت لتغيرات أسرع من الأجزاء الشرقية، وشهدت المنطقة تباينات مكانية في تغير الأمطار بين المرحلتين، ولكن الاتجاه العام لهطول أمطار المنطقة كان نحو التراجع بمتوسط بلغ -4.27%.
قراءة منهجية في كتاب "الفلسفة من خلال قصص الخيال العلمي: استكشاف حدود الممكن" من خلال طروحات المحررين الثلاثة: هيلين دي كروز - يوهان دي سميدت - إيريك شفيتزغيبل
Authors: AlSufyani Amal A.
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: تقدم هذه المقالة قراءة منهجية لكتاب “الفلسفة من خلال قصص الخيال العلمي: استكشاف حدود الممكن”، الذي يقدم نقاشات حول سؤال رئيسي وهو: هل يمكن تعلم الفلسفة من خلال قصص الخيال العلمي؟ أو بعبارة أخرى هل يمكن عدّ قصص الخيال العلمي فلسفة؟ بهدف استعراض أهمية أدب قصص الخيال العلمي في عرض الحالات الحدية العلمية التي تدفعنا للتساؤل حولها. ثم استخراج تساؤلات فلسفية رئيسية من خلال قصص الخيال العلمي، وملاحظة تأثير التطور العلمي في نظرة الكتاب لكل من الفلسفة والعلوم. ومن ثم تقديم توصيات بخصوص تفعيل أدب الخيال العلمي.
المنهجية: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي لتحليل كتاب واحد يحتوي ثلاث فصول، وشمل التحليل أربعة مستويات: أولًا: مستوى الملاحظة، حيث تمت دراسة المؤشرات الخارجية للكتاب مثل الغلاف والعنوان والمحررين والاستشهادات، ومن ثم صياغة الفرضيات التي تحملها هذه المؤشرات.  ثانيًا: مستوى قراءة الكتاب المدروس وتحليله باعتماد ملاحظات الباحثة والأفكار الأساسية للكتاب، كما جرى استخدام مراجع تكميلية أخرى لتحليل وتعزيز طروحات الكتاب. ثالثًا: مستوى مناقشة طروحات الكتاب وطبيعة أساليبه الحجاجية التي اعتمدها المحررون، ومدى قوتها وصلابتها في الدفاع عن مواقفهم وتصوراتهم. رابعًا: مستوى التركيب التي تتضمن خلاصات المراحل السابقة.
النتائج: يستعمل الكتاب الخيال العلمي القصصي ويوظفه ليعالج مسائل تتعلق بثلاث ركائز أساسية في واقع الإنسان: الذات والمجتمع، والعلاق مع اللاهوت. كل ركيزة مثلت جزئا من أجزاء الكتاب. الجزء الأول يناقش موضوع تحسين السلالة البشرية والسمو بها بواسطة العلم، ويتناول الجزء الثاني العلاقات المجتمعية والقيم الفردية في الهياكل السياسية المجتمعية المختلفة، أما الجزء الثالث فيناقش فلسفة الأديان والأسرة. وجدت الدراسة أن المؤلفين والمحررين استطاع مناقشة أفكار فلسفية عميقة باستخدام الأسلوب القصصي والاستراتيجيات الخطابية المحكمة بسلاسة مما يدعم فاعلية استخدام القصة لتدريس الفلسفة.
الخلاصة: خلصت المراجعة لأن للمحررين ثلاث أطروحات أساسية حول سؤال الكتاب الأساسي، ثم استعرضت الاسلوب الحجاجي والمفاهيمي للمحررين في محاولاتهم لمناقشة إمكانية اعتبار الخيال العلمي فلسفة الذي يعد المحور الرئيسي والمظلة الكبرى التي تضم تحتها كل المحاور الأخرى.
Habituality Markers in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Jaber Aziz , Al-Refai Ruba
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the grammatical encoding of habituality within Jordanian Arabic. This linguistic phenomenon is expressed through specific markers for different tenses in the dialect.
Methods: Our research employs a qualitative, theory-driven methodology rooted in truth-conditional semantics instead of a corpus-based approach. We base our findings on constructed utterances that are placed within specific contexts.
Results: In the present tense, habituality is expressed using the copular verb bi-ku:n 'Pres-be'. The copula occurs within nominal sentences, serving as a marker that indicates the habitual nature of the action. The obligatory presence of the copula exclusively enforces a habitual interpretation. Conversely, the obligatory absence of the copula allows for two interpretations: episodic and habitual. Event plurality in the past tense, however, is constructed using the past auxiliary ka:n 'used to'. These constructions are known as periphrastic forms or retrospective habituals (Boneh and Doron, 2008).
Conclusions: The periphrastic forms in Jordanian Arabic behave similarly to the perfective aspect, yet they are interpreted imperfectively. These periphrastic habituals are formed using both stage-level and individual-level predicates. However, the periphrastic forms incorporating stage-level predicates without an adverbial adjunct are ambiguous between a habitual and a non-habitual reading. The context serves to differentiate between the two readings.
جدلية المستعمِر والمستعمَر في رواية عبد الرزاق قرنح (ما بعد الموت): منظور نقدي ما بعد كولونيالي
Authors: Ibrahim Razan
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار حالة استعمارية يجسدها الروائي عبد الرزاق قرنح في رواية ما بعد الموت مفادها أن المستعمَر تتسلط عليه حالة من الشعور بالدونية تجعله يشعر بأن لونه خطيئة، ولون السيد هو الفضيلة، وهو ما يستحثه على محاكاة المستعمِر بطريقة عمياء تنفي حديثًا عن تضامن ممكن بين الطرفين.
المنهجية:: تتكئ الدراسة على نهج  تفكيكي يسعى إلى تقويض الخطاب الذي أنتجته المنظومة الكولونيالية، وهو النهج الذي ينفتح على مجموعة من الآليات يسبقها وعي إيديولوجي غايته تفكيك مواضع القوة والضعف التي تعتري خطاب المستعمِر، مما يتيح فرصة تعرية القوى الكولونيالية بمختلف أشكالها، ويتضمن بالضرورة تفكيك المظاهر غير المعلنة لقوى ثقافية تحرص على استمرار القوى الكولونيالية.
النتائج: خلص هذا البحث إلى أن وعي التابع يبقى خاضعا لتأثير نخبة ثقافية تصنعه بسبب قوتها وهيمنتها، والدراسة تدلل على منزلق خطير يصبح  فيه المستعمَر منحرفا عن هدفه، خاضعا لنخبة لا هم لها سوى استنزافه والسيطرة عليه من موقع قوة حضارية مزعومة، لذلك تبرز واحدة من أهم شخصيات الرواية أنموذجًا يدلل على عواقب وخيمة حين يحرص المستعمَر الأسود على أن يكون مثل الأبيض، بدلًا من أن يكون نفسه، لينتهي مصلوبًا لا ثقافة له ولا حضارة.
الخلاصة: توصلت الدراسة إلى أهمية تصحيح مظالم الماضي التي وقعت على الشعوب المستعمَرة، الأمر الذي يتطلب ربطًا دقيقًا ما بين الاستعمار والمنهجية العرقية، كما توصلت من خلال واحدة من أهم شخصيات الرواية قيد الدراسة إلى أن محاكاة المستعمِر تؤدي إلى تشوه ملامح المستعمَر، لتخلص الدراسة إلى نفي أية احتمالية لاعتراف السيد المستعمِر بالعبد المستعمَر.
الانزياح في نماذج من شعر ربيعة بن مقروام الضّبيّ دراسة أسلوبية
Authors: Alswaeer Ali Odeh
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: جاءت هذه الدراسة في قسمين: نظري وتطبيقي، متناولة  شعر ربيعة بن مقروم الضبّي، وقد هدفت الدراسة  إلى تناول الانزياحات الشعرية  في شعره  إذ لم تخصص دراسة لتناولها. إذ سعت الدراسة إلى تتبع مظاهر الانزياح وتقسيماته من تركيبية ودلالية  في شعر ابن مقروم ومن ثم إظهارها وتحليلها وبيانها؛ فالانزياح بتقعيده الحديث إنما يُحلّل الخروقات اللغوية والنحوية والخروج عن معايير اللغة؛ للوصول إلى الاندفاعات النفسية والجمالية التي تختبئ خلف هذا الخرق المبدع لدى الشاعر.
المنهجية:  اتكأت الدراسة على المنهج الأسلوبي لتعليل هذه الظاهرة وتحليل أبعادها، بوصفها حالةً إبداعيةً من جانب، وأثرها في المتلقي بوصفه مستهدفًا منها من جانب آخر.
النتائج: جرى رصد العديد من الانزياحات على اختلاف أشكالها  التي تبدت في معظم موضوعاته الشعرية من مثل الفخر والوصف والغزل والحكمة وسوى ذلك. إذ  تجلى الانزياح بوصفه إجراءً أسلوبيًا في شعر ربيعة بن مقروم في موضوعات شعره المتنوعة. وارتبط الانزياح في شعر ربيعة بن مقروم ببواعث نفسية تأملية جلية عبّرت عن تجارب الشاعر المعاشة في عصره. إذ توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الانزياحات الشعرية بمظاهره المتعددة: كالدلالي، والتركيبي ومن ثم بيانها وتحليلها، وربطها ربطا مباشرا مع الأغراض الشعرية قيد الدراسة، كما جرى رصد العديد من الخروقات اللغوية والنحوية من حيث الخروج عن اللغة المألوفة.
الخلاصة: بعد دراسة الانزياح في شعر ربيعة بن مقروم الضبي خلصت الدراسة إلى كثرة الانزياحات الشعرية في شعر ربيعة بن مقروم الضبي، متمثلة بالانزياح الدلالي، والانزياح التركيبي، إذ استطاع الشاعر أن يوظف لغته في سبيل خدمة النص الشعري بلغة جزلة قوية رصينة، وبالتالي استطاع خرق البنية اللغوية السائدة المألوفة إلى بنية غير مألوفة، واستطاعت الدراسة بيان هذه الانزياحات  وتحليلها وإظهارها للعيان لتظهر مقدرة الشاعر اللغوية وكيف وظّفها من ناحية شعرية، كما وأرى ضرورة دراسة الشاعر ربيعة بن مقروم الضبي من جوانب عدة. فالدراسات التي تناولت هذا الشاعر ما زالت شحيحة.
The Level of Family Compatibility in Irbid County, Jordan, During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Alsyoof Faten Isaa Falah , Aldhmishi Anwar Alsmohi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the level of family compatibility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Irbid, Jordan.
Methods: A descriptive-correlational approach was employed. The study population included all residents of Irbid County in 2021, estimated to be 856,200 individuals from 175,035 families. The study sample comprised 1000 participants, including 500 males and 500 females. A questionnaire was distributed through social media platforms to collect data, and a family compatibility scale during the COVID-19 pandemic was used to achieve the research objective. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: The study's findings indicated that (1) the level of family compatibility among the respondents was at a low level, reflecting a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family compatibility. (2) The higher the number of children, the lower the family compatibility. (3) There is no statistically significant effect of educational qualification and gender variables on family compatibility. (4) There is an effect of the age variable: the older the person, the higher the level of family compatibility.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant adverse effect on family compatibility, not only in Jordan but also globally. Therefore, the study recommends that social policymakers prioritize this issue, and researchers should investigate other aspects of family compatibility.
Building innovation capability in SMEs through university-business collaboration
Authors: Van der Poel Marcel H , Bakker Diederich , Rus Roy
Published: October 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often struggle with company innovation, compared to their larger counterparts. A university-business collaboration (UBC) programme in the north of the Netherlands attempts to increase the innovation capabilities of regional SMEs with the support of graduating bachelor students. The 18-months long Hanze Innovation Traineeship Programme (HITP) combines the graduation phase with a consecutive 12-months traineeship, during which students are meant to implement an innovation at the company. We measure the innovation capacity of the participating SMEs at the beginning of the programme and identify strong and weak points within the organisations. We discuss the outcomes of the HITP for SME innovation and further evaluate the programme’s suitability on the intended student learning outcomes.
Monitoring the implementation of national priorities for innovation activities in 2023 and the results
Authors: Paladchenko O. F. , Molchanova I. V.
Published: October 2024

One of the ways to ensure the innovative development of the economy is the definition and state support of priority areas of innovative activity. In Ukraine, seven strategic priority areas of innovation activities have been approved for 2011–2023, for which 49 medium-term priority areas at the national level have been established for 2023 and monitoring of their implementation by the main budget administrators. The Ministry of Education and Science provides annual monitoring of the implementation of medium-term priority directions at the national level in accordance with the mandate and informs the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine about its results for the possible use of the obtained results during making relevant government decisions.
The article is devoted to the results of the study of the state of implementation of medium-term priority areas of innovative activity at the national level in 2023, which was carried out by the Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information based on the data of the main managers of budget funds by the method of monitoring and comparative analysis of the obtained results.
Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the increase in 2023 compared to 2022 of budget financing of medium-term priority directions at the national level for all strategic priorities, the largest of which is in the areas of production of new materials (3rd), medicine (5th) and protection of the natural environment (6th strategic priority); optimizing and increasing the effectiveness of the use in 2023 of funds of strategic priorities aimed directly at the implementation of medium-term priorities.
It is proposed to intensify the stimulation of the scientific sector to the formation of topical topics of scientific research aimed at creating innovative developments to ensure the innovative development of the domestic economy, taking into account the requirements of the global market and the peculiarities of scientific and technical activity and the implementation in 2024 of medium-term priority areas of innovative activity at the national level.
The impact of human capital and technology in business on the innovation economy
Authors: Shukurov Orkhan Sadig
Published: October 2024

Against the backdrop of economic transformations, Azerbaijan is trying to improve its competitiveness in the world. Innovations are becoming a key element of this process, and investments in education and training strengthen the basis for further changes. From this point of view, the item “The situation of the influence of business system development on national innovation activity in Azerbaijan requires strengthening the coordinated actions of both the state and the private sector in attracting investment, human capital and technological resources” in the research work. To confirm this position, we set ourselves the task of analyzing both theoretical approaches and the real situation in this area in Azerbaijan. Taking them into account, they were taken as quantitative and qualitative factors and analyzed on the basis of a fuzzy model using the MATLAB software package, and the methods of statistical comparative analysis and grouping were also used. The theoretical significance of the study lies in expanding the scientific approach to the issue of the influence of human capital, and technology on the formation of an innovative economy in the business system. The practical significance lies in the fact that the proposed results of innovative activity can be important in building an innovative economy in Azerbaijan and in studying the problems of increasing competitiveness.
Cross-border cooperation as a component of the modern concept of international territorial partnership
Authors: Sharlovych Z. P. , Mykhalchenkova O. Ye. , Moshenets N. S.
Published: October 2024

Cross-border cooperation (CBC) is an integral element and part of the European regional policy aimed at creating a more competitive regional economy with the involvement of state financial support, attracting investments and introducing innovations. The strategy of intensifying the development of regional CBCs should be aimed at solving the problem of disproportions in the socio-economic development of Ukraine’s regions, to facilitate the attraction of funding for the implementation of cross-border projects and the creation of new cross-border cooperation bodies.
To draw on the experience of European countries in creating and implementing new forms of CBC, which would bring faster and more expected results, especially in the face of current challenges and external threats, especially in those territories that require special attention from the state and the use of special mechanisms and tools to stimulate their preservation and development. The CBC is implemented with the aim of integration into the European society and institutions, and the establishment of basic European values.
CBC is one of the effective tools for deepening the interaction of its subjects and participants to jointly fulfill the tasks of local and regional development, support economic growth, stimulate and implement innovations.
FEATURES OF SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PASTURE VEGETATION IN THE DESERT ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov, Konieva Galina Nagashevna , Aduchieva Marianna Grachevna ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov
Published: October 2024

The Republic of Kalmykia is one of the largest areas of sheep and beef cattle breeding. The basis of the forage base is made up of natural lands. For the rational use, conservation and increase of productivity of pastures and hayfields, it is necessary to know the composition of vegetation, the phases of its development and other features. Climatic and weather conditions, which are characterized by the greatest variability, which causes significant fluctuations in yields, affects the composition of cenoses, affects the timing and forms of use of forage lands, are crucial in the formation of the harvest of natural herbages, along with nutrients and biological characteristics of plants. Therefore, the study of the conditions for the formation of yields on pastures is of great practical importance. The article presents data on climatic indicators for two weather stations of the Republic of Kalmykia – Yashkul and Lagan for the long-term period 1993-2022 and describes in detail the year 2023 (long-term, annual, monthly, maximum, minimum air temperature, amplitude of fluctuations, precipitation), productivity of pasture grass. The average annual temperature for 2023 was 12.9 °C at the Yashkul weather station and 12.7 °C at Lagan. The intra-annual precipitation distribution in 2023 is also heterogeneous. The annual course of precipitation has shown that most of it falls in the spring period (53...79 mm). The months in which precipitation exceeds the norm alternate with their reduction. A significant increase in precipitation was noted in February, May, June, and July by 20...57 mm above the average annual norm.
STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS IN THE COASTAL AREA OF KHANH HOA
Authors:   Coastal Branch of Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Phan Trong Huan
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study assessing the species diversity and structure of the species composition of phytoplankton communities in the mangrove ecosystems of Dambay, Nha Phu and Tuan Le in Khanh Hoa province. According to the results of the study, 202 species belonging to 199 genus, 69 families and 8 phylum were noted. Among them, phytoplankton species belonging to the Bacillariophyta department dominate, with a total of 149 species belonging to 83 genus, 42 families, which is 74% of the total number of species found. The second place is occupied by the department Miozoa, numbering 31 species belonging to 12 genus and 11 families, which is 15% of the total number of species found. The phylum Euglenozoa, Ochrophyta, Cercozoa and Chlorophyta have a small number of species, only 1-2 species, and are found only in some areas at a particular time of sampling. The structure of the phytoplankton species composition in the three study areas is not very similar. In the mangrove area, Nha Phu has the highest species diversity with 149 species; further follows in the territory of the Dam Bay mangroves, numbering 131 species; and the lowest is in the Tuan Le mangrove area, where there are 101 species. This can be explained by the difference in natural and social conditions of all three study areas.
WEED CONTROL MEASURES ON THE SOYBEAN CROPS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tedeeva Victoria Vitalievna , Abaev Alan Anzorovich ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

In the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on soybean crops (Iriston varieties), the effect of the soil herbicide Harness and insurance herbicides Galaxy Top, Illoxan, Frontier was studied. The aim of the research was to study the effect of various herbicides on the contamination of crops and the species composition of weed vegetation of promising soybean varieties in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation. Scientific novelty of research. The influence of various herbicides on the growth, development and productivity of promising soybean varieties has been studied; the effect of herbicides on the contamination of crops has been shown; The removal of basic nutrients by individual species of weeds has been established. Every year, more and more new herbicides appear on the market, so studying the properties of herbicides and their effect on weeds is an urgent task. The methodology. On the leached chernozems of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation-Alania in 2020-2022, on the experimental fields of the SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS. The sowing method is wide–row (row spacing – 45 cm), with a seeding rate of 400 thousand germinating seeds per 1 hectare. The research area is hot, mostly well-humidified. The sum of temperatures is 3000-3200 °C. The climate of the described territory is continental, the absolute annual amplitude of air temperature fluctuations is 64 ° C. On the territory of the experiment, the soil is represented by medium-sized, heavy-loamy leached chernozem, underlain by pebbles. The soil is mechanically loamy, with a depth that turns into light and medium loamy- rocky. The authors found that chemical protection of crops from weeds in the forest-steppe zone should be carried out with combinations of herbicides Pivot 0.9 + Bazagran 1.1. At the same time, weed death reaches from 79.4 to 92.9%. After harvesting soybeans, the soil is quite suitable for the cultivation of any agricultural crop, since (in specified doses) herbicides do not accumulate in products and are safe for the environment.
ELEMENTS OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tedeeva Victoria Vitalievna
Published: October 2024

The author presents the results of research on the study of sowing dates for soybean yields in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. With the introduction of new varieties of various ripeness in the main and intermediate crops, there is a need to improve the timing of sowing. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of sowing dates on the yield of soybean seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty was to establish optimal sowing dates that would ensure optimal plant growth and development and high productivity. Our research was carried out in the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture of the VNC RAS in 2018-2021. The object of research was the varieties of breeding of the Federal Scientific Center of the V.S. Pustovoit Research Institute of Oilseeds. Two main types of soils prevail in the foothill zone: chernozems of varying degrees of leaching, as well as meadow and meadow-marsh soils. The arable layer contains from 3 to 4.4% humus. Down the profile, the amount of humus decreases gradually. The reaction of the soil solution in the upper horizons is neutral, deeper than 80-90 cm – slightly alkaline. The predecessor of the experimental plots was corn for grain. It was found that at early sowing dates (April 20 – May 5), higher field germination (87-93%), plant foliage of 46.9 thousand m2/ha and their survival rate for harvesting 84-91% were noted. More nodules formed on the roots of the plants. The maximum yield is 2.6 t/ha, obtained during sowing on April 30. In the forest-steppe zone, the yield of medium-ripened varieties decreased from early to late sowing periods by 0.44 and 0.58 t/ha, while in early-ripening varieties it was less significant. Fertilizers (R90K30) increased the yield of seeds, depending on the timing of sowing, by 0.24-0.58 t/ha.
THE INFLUENCE OF GRASS-FIELD CROP ROTATION CROPS ON SOIL FERTILITY
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mamiev Dmitry Mairbekovich
Published: October 2024

The development of effective, highly productive crop rotations in modern agricultural production is an urgent task. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of grass–field crop rotation crops on agrophysical, biological indicators of soil fertility and crop yields. The research was carried out at the experimental site of the Department of Adaptive Landscape Agriculture of the National Research Institute of Agriculture of the VNC RAS in 2021-2022. The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached chernozems on pebbles. The experiments, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained data were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Under various crops, the lumpy structure (at the beginning of the growing season) accounted for from 13.46 to 49.56%, the macrostructure – from 48.53 to 81.88%, aggregates less than 0.25 mm – from 1.88 to 8.01%. By the end of the growing season, the proportion of the dusty fraction under winter wheat decreased from 8.01% to 1.09%. The structural coefficient varied between 2.48 (corn) and 2.79 (oats + clover). The highest indicators of total porosity at the beginning of the growing season were noted under crops: oats + clover (57.5%), clover (57.6%) and potatoes (58.8%), and at the end of the growing season under clover (57.1%) and potatoes (59.6%). The highest yield of feed units was noted for the following variants: oats + clover – 9.83 t/ha, clover – 9.49 t/ha, corn – 9.49 t/ha. More digestible protein was contained in the clover crop, the rest of the crops were at about the same level. The best indicators of energy value were obtained for corn for grain – 101.0 GJ/ha, for perennial grasses of 1 and 2 years of use – 57.3-65.0 GJ/ha, winter wheat – 81.4 GJ/ha and potatoes – 69.9 GJ/ha.
PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT CROPS DEPENDING ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN RAIN-FED CONDITIONS OF THE RSO-ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tedeeva Albina Akhurbekovna
Published: October 2024

The author presents the results of research on some possibilities of solving urgent problems of agricultural production of winter cereals in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The research was carried out in the steppe zone, in the rain-fed conditions of the Mozdok district of the Republic of Alania. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of new generation biologics – Stabilan and HEFC, BP. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was proved that treatment with growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the density of standing plants. The tubulation period in all experimental plots began in the first decade of May. With the use of growth regulators HEFC and Stabilan, the earing phase of plants occurred 2-3 days later than in the control variant. In the following phases of development – flowering, milky-waxy and full maturity, the same trend was observed. It was found that grain yield increases, the increase in control was up to 1.36 t/ha. The use of growth regulators Stabilan and HEFC for the studied varieties of winter wheat, respectively, showed the largest mass of 1000 grains. The largest grain size was established for the Alekseich variety – 789 g/l and for the Adel variety – 782 g/ l, using the HEFC growth regulator. The highest yield was obtained on the variant with the use of the HEFC growth regulator – 4.63 t/ha. The highest protein content was noted in the Alekseich variety – 16.0%, whereas in the Adele variety the same indicator is 15.31%. The largest percentage of ash in the studied varieties was revealed in the control variant. The calculation of economic efficiency allowed us to determine that with a maximum yield of 4.63 t/ha in the variant using the HEFC growth regulator on the Alekseich variety, the conditional net income amounted to 15.1 thousand rubles / ha, with a level of production profitability of 48.2%. In a similar variant with the Adele variety, the yield was 4.43 t/ha with a production margin of 41.5%.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS VARIETIES OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES ACCORDING TO BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gasiev Vadim Irbekovich , Lushchenko Gerasim Viktorovich ,   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of research on the formation and comparative characteristics of the sandy esparcet. The object of research was six varieties of sandy esparcet of domestic breeding. The esparcet variety, the North Caucasian double–axis, served as a control. During statistical data processing, the best samples were compared with the standard. The evaluation of the varieties of esparcet was also carried out according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics in order to identify varieties of the hay-pasture type. The plants were sown in a wide order and individually in a row. The direct dependence of the formation of esparcet seeds on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, the esparcet plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 125 cm and a minimum height of 108 cm. Of the studied varieties of esparcet, the varieties Sir and Zernogradsky 2 were characterized by the greatest foliage. From 41.3 to 44.1 flowers are formed on the plants of the studied varieties of esparcet. At the same time, the number of seeds formed was 21.4-28.9 pcs./plant. The lowest seeding rates were observed in the Sandy variety 1251 – 59.09%. To solve the problem of feed protein, the biological capabilities of perennial legumes are of great importance, the cultivation of which allows you to reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizers, while obtaining high yields of good quality. Esparcet crops annually accumulate about 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the process of symbiosis. The largest number of nodules formed on the roots of esparcet plants of the second year of life of the Rusich variety. As shown by the analysis of the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial symbiosis, the number of active nodules exceeded the number of inactive ones in both the first and second years of life by more than 3 times. On average, the number of active nodules on the roots of the esparcet in the first year of use was 249 pcs./plant. In terms of seed productivity, it was revealed that the Zernogradsky 2 and Altair varieties of the sandy esparceta of the second year of life exceeded the standard North Caucasian two-axis variety by 20.6 and 17.5%.
AGROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS VARIETIES OF MEADOW CLOVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RSO-ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gasiev Vadim Irbekovich , Lushchenko Gerasim Viktorovich ,   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of research on the formation and comparative agrobiological characteristics of meadow clover. The object of research was various varieties of meadow clover of domestic breeding. The clover variety, Daryal, served as a control. During statistical data processing, the best samples were compared with the standard. Clover varieties were also evaluated according to a set of economically valuable characteristics in order to identify hay-pasture-type varieties. The plants were sown in a wide order and individually in a row. The direct dependence of the formation of meadow clover seeds on weather conditions is noted. On the plants of the studied varieties of meadow clover, from 41.3 to 44.1 pieces of flowers are formed. At the same time, the number of seeds formed was 21.4-27.8 pcs./plant. The highest rates of contamination were observed in the Kotlasky local variety – 64.9%. Based on the consideration of seed productivity, it was revealed that the Niva, Onyx and Farn varieties of the second year of life exceeded the standard Daryal variety by 11.9-13.4%. Also, in solving the problem of feed protein, the biological capabilities of perennial legumes are of great importance, the cultivation of which allows you to reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizers, while obtaining high yields of good quality. Meadow clover crops annually accumulate about 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the process of symbiosis. As shown by the analysis of the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial symbiosis, the number of active nodules exceeded the number of inactive ones in both the first and second years of life. On average, the number of active nodules on clover roots in the first year of use amounted to 165-237 pcs./rast., in the second year of life 217-279 pcs./rast.
ON THE ISSUE OF CHANGING THE REACTION TIME OF A DRIVER IN A HIGH-DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOW
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Engineering State Technical University (Makhachkala branch), Gulev Nizami Urudzhevich , Arslanov Murat Arslanovich ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov, Gamayunov Pavel Petrovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Alekseev Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Igitov Shamil Magomedovich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Engineering State Technical University (Makhachkala branch), Abakarov Abakar Adamkadievich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Engineering State Technical University (Makhachkala branch)
Published: October 2024

This article considers the problem of determining the reaction time of sanguine drivers of different age categories in the city's transport system in conditions of high-density traffic flow, close to congestion. Prolonged exposure to high-density traffic leads to a deterioration in the functional state of the driver and to an increase in his psycho-emotional tension. A change in the functional state causes fatigue in the driver, which in turn leads to an increase in his reaction time, which affects road safety. The assessment of the driver's fatigue level was carried out by measuring an electrocardiogram and analyzing the unevenness of cardiac intervals, which are a universal response to all types of loads. A model for estimating changes in the reaction time of a sanguine driver based on a regression model of changes in his fatigue level is proposed. The graphs show the changes in the reaction time of drivers of different ages during their stay in traffic congestion. It was revealed that the reaction time of the driver in the first minutes of being in a traffic jam changes slightly, due to the presence of reserve compensatory capabilities of the body, however, after the fifth to sixth minute, an objective process of deterioration of the functional state begins. It was found that the change in the reaction time of a sanguine driver in a traffic jam primarily depends on the initial level of fatigue. When the driver stays in a high-density traffic flow with the initial state of optimal voltage of the regulatory systems, the change in his reaction time by the end of the jam reaches the greatest value. It was also revealed that the greatest changes in the reaction time of a sanguine driver occur in older drivers.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO LEAD ACETATE ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF 45-DAY-OLD DESCENDANT RATS
Authors:   Mordovian State Pedagogical University name after M.E. Evseviev, Komusova Olga Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work is a comparative study of the effect of prenatal exposure to lead acetate on the structure of the cerebral cortex of 45-day-old descendant rats. The study of the structural foundations of brain activity in normal and under various influences is a traditional and important area of modern neuromorphology. Despite the large number of works devoted to functional neurohistology, many fundamental issues of this important problem for biology and medicine, primarily in relation to the structures of the central nervous system, are insufficiently consecrated. The study was conducted on 90 mongrel white rats – in the offspring of 20 females who received 45 mg/kg of lead acetate solution as a source of drinking throughout pregnancy. The cortex was studied on day 45 using histological, morphometric and statistical methods. Changes in the thickness of layers and sizes of neuronal bodies on day 45, a decrease in the number of normochromic neurons, the appearance of destructively altered neurons, shadow cells, and a decrease in the total numerical density of neurons were revealed. The identified damaged and altered neurons are probably associated with impaired water-salt metabolism, as well as oxidative stress, thus lead intoxication leads to long-term and progressive changes in the cerebral cortex during postnatal ontogenesis. The experimental data obtained can be used in the educational process on the anatomy and histology of farm animals in universities of biological and veterinary profile in the study of the reactive properties of nervous tissue, by ecologists in the practical implementation of research devoted to the in-depth study of the effect of lead acetate on the nervous system of animals and the development of preventive measures.
THE USE OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS IN POULTRY FARMING
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna , Agoltsov Valery Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Kalabekov Albert Avarievich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Kalabekov Mutalif Ibragimovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

Due to the intensive development of poultry farming, infectious diseases have become widespread. One of the most common in poultry farming is colibacteriosis. In addition, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, staphylococcosis, clostridiosis, etc. are becoming more widespread. Antibiotics have so far been considered the main means of combating bacterial diseases. And for the treatment of humans, antibiotics are very often prescribed without taking into account the resistance of the etiological agent. The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant risk to human and animal health. These public health issues, which have led to the adoption of legislation restricting the use of antibiotics in animals, necessitate the search for alternative strategies for the control and treatment of bacterial infections. Modulation of the innate immune system of birds using immunostimulating compounds is a promising solution to enhance the immune response of birds to a wide range of bacterial infections without the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. It was also found that antibiotics penetrate into livestock products — milk, meat, eggs and remain there even after heat treatment. After consuming products with a residual amount of antibiotics in the human body, microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial drugs used in humane medicine, therefore, antibiotic therapy is often ineffective. The use of antibiotics for preventive purposes, non-compliance with the waiting period for the removal of animals and poultry from the body, the lack of production control for the content of antibiotics before the release of products leads to the appearance and spread of antibiotic-resistant, including epidemiologically (epizootically) significant strains of microorganisms. As for alternative therapies for bacterial diseases in birds, phage therapy against infection caused by S. typhimurium in chickens proved to be as effective as antibiotic therapy (enrofloxacin or colistin) and less invasive than the use of antibiotics, since fewer changes in the microbiome were observed.
CALCULATION OF ANNUAL COSTS FOR LABORATORY TESTS OF BLOOD SERUM OF CATTLE FOR LEUKEMIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARATOV REGION)
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Pochepnya Ekaterina Sergeevna , Larionov Sergey Vasilyevich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Biryukova Oksana Petrovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Agoltsov Valery Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

A number of regions of the Russian Federation, including the Saratov region, are disadvantaged by bovine leukemia (cattle). The number of cattle is 432.4 thousand heads, and the number of virus carriers is 476 heads: 432,400 – 476 = 431,924 heads, clinically healthy. To calculate the coefficient of studies for leukemia-free farms, digital values were entered into the formula: K= (44 (1) + 6 (1) +19 (1) +31(1) +3 5(1))/100 = 1,350. With the coefficient of research of cattle for leukemia in REED in prosperous farms of the region in 2023 it amounted to 1,350 with an average annual number of cattle in the prosperous farms of the region – 431,924 thousand heads, and therefore 583,097.4 studies are necessary (431 924 ∙ 1,350 = 583 097,4). When calculating the number of studies in disadvantaged farms, it is necessary to apply a coefficient of 4.080, since the average annual number of cattle in disadvantaged farms in the region is 476 heads, therefore: 476 ∙ 4.080 = 1,942.08 thousand studies. To determine the need for the number of diagnostic tools intended for laboratory research, the formula is used: V= K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c), where: V is the volume of the drug for veterinary use, expressed in kits; K is the planned number of studies per year; B is the number of studies in the drug kit for veterinary use; C – the coefficient of use of the kit – 0.85; c – the coefficient of rearrangement of the studied samples with an indistinctly expressed (doubtful and / or positive) reaction – 0.1. a) The planned survey of livestock by the REED method is 585,036.48 studies, while the number of studies in safe areas is 583,097.4 and the number of studies in disadvantaged areas is 1,942.08. V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = (585 036,48)/(1000∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0.1) = 757.13 sets; b) Routine screening of livestock for leukemia by ELISA method is 300 studies, one set is designed to conduct 176 studies; V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = 300/(176∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0,1) = 3 The set; c) Routine examination of cattle for leukemia by ELISA with a control negative antigen is 100 studies. One set is designed for 88 studies, respectively, for the study of 100 samples it is necessary: V=K/(B∙C) ∙ (1 + c) = 100/(88∙0,85) ∙ (1 + 0,1) = 2 set.
ANALYSIS OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER IN THE SMOLENSK REGION FROM 2013 TO 2023
Authors:   Kazan State Agrarian University, Sibgatullova Adylya Kamilevna , Podshibyakin Dmitry Vasilyevich ,   LLC Scientific Research Institute of Technologies of Organic, Inorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The article provides information on the spatiotemporal analysis of the spread of the African swine fever (ASF) epizootic in the Smolensk region over the past 10 years. Information on ASF outbreaks in 2013-2022 is provided. among the domestic pig population and the number of wild boars. The purpose of our work was to analyze the spread of African swine fever among populations of domestic pigs and wild boars in the Smolensk region in the period from 2013 to 2022. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were used to systematically review the data. Primary data were obtained from the Smolensk Region Department for the Protection, Control and Regulation of the Use of Forestry, Fauna and Their Habitats. To study the development of the ASF epizootic among domestic pigs and wild boars, making it possible to determine trends in the spread of infection and changes in the epizootic situation, the ArcGIS for Desktop version (ESRI) geographic information system was used. In the Smolensk region, problems with ASF continued from 2013 to 2016. During this period, outbreaks were reported among domestic pigs and wild boar populations. The number of wild boar before 2013 was 19 thousand; at the time of the active spread of the ASF virus in the Smolensk region, the number of individuals decreased. African swine fever poses a serious threat to the pig industry. To successfully combat ASF in the Smolensk region, it is necessary to suspend hunting in order to regulate the wild boar population and comply with veterinary and sanitary requirements.