bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Development and Stability Studies for
Estimation of Oseltamivir In Bulk and Capsules Using RPHPLC
Authors: Reddy L Siva Sanker , Ishaq B. Mohammed , Mounica GundaSai
Published: November 2020

A simple and reproducible method of isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatography
(RP-LC) was developed for the quantitative determination of oseltamivir phosphate in bulk
drug and capsules, used to treat antiviral (influenza). The proposed RP-HPLC method uses X
terra C18, 4.6 mm, 150 mm 4.6 mm i.d. column (at room temperature), using 0.1% octa-sulfonic
acid: acetonitrile 30: 70 v / v, effluent flow rate (1.0 ml / min) and UV detection at 237 nm for
oseltamivir analysis. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines in terms of
specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The retention time for oseltamivir was 2.31 min.
The recovery determinations allowed the calculation of a confidence interval from 99.79 to
101.30% with a relative standard deviation value of 0.5%. LOD and LOQ were estimated at
2.98 and 9.98 µg/mL respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the
determination of oseltamivir in dosage form in capsules (Tamiflu 75 mg, Roche). Oseltamivir
was exposed to conditions of acid, basic, oxidative and thermal stress and the stressed samples
were analyzed with the proposed method. The chromatographic peak purity results indicated
the absence of elution peaks with the main oseltamivir peak, which demonstrated the specificity
of the test method for estimating oseltamivir in the presence of degradation products. This
method has advantages that include a short execution time, a simple and rapid sample
preparation which makes this method used for routine oseltamivir analysis in quality control
laboratories.
Seed Extract of Dypsis lutescens as Ecofriendly Corrosion
Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
Authors: Thusnavis G. Rexin , Archana T. V. , Vinod Kumar K. P. , Narayanan Pillai M. Sankara
Published: November 2020

The seed extract of Dypsis lutescens, had been analyzed for mild steel corrosion
inhibition in acid medium with weight loss, thermodynamic, adsorption and electrochemical
parameters. The results reflected that the extract is a potential corrosion inhibitor. IR spectra
and SEM photographs recorded for functional group and surface modification analysis of mild
steel, were agreeing with other parameters. Entire study revealed that the inhibitor works
through adsorption of its molecules over the mild steel. From this study it is inferred that the
seed extract of D. lutescens is an efficient, eco-friendly and alternate corrosion inhibitor for mild
steel in acid medium.
Rheological and Prediction of melt viscosity flow curves for
blend of Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyacrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)
Authors: Douaa Alsaeed , Fawaz Deri
Published: November 2020

A knowledge of the variation of melt viscosity of thermoplastic polymers with
both shear rate and temperature is of considerable importance to plastics engineers as well as to polymer rheologists.
The Actual measurement of melt viscosity at large number of temperatures and shear rates is frequently a tedious and time-consuming task. The experimental validity for superimposing Log shear stress – Log shear rate curves at different temperatures along the log shear rate axis has been established for the mixture of (polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile butadiene styrene).
The temperature dependence of the resultant shift factors has been determined to predict
viscosities as a function of temperature and shear rate is discussed
Age and Reproduction of Wild-Born and Escaped Mink (Neovison vison) Caught in Danish Nature
Authors: Pagh Sussie , Pertoldi Cino , Chriel Mariann , Jensen Trine Hammer , Jensen Trine Hammer , Madsen Sussi , Kraft David Chr. Evar , Schou Toke Munk , Hansen Mette Sif
Published: November 2020

The feral mink population in Denmark consists of two groups of animals; mink born in the wild and mink that have recently escaped from farms. The aims of this study are; 1) to estimate the reproduction and mortality of wild-born and captive-born mink and 2) to estimate the age of mink based on the width of pulp cavity (% of tooth width) in the canine teeth. During 2018, 247 wild caught mink were sent for necropsy at the Danish National Veterinary Institute. Of these mink, 112 were determined as captive-born and 96 were determined wild-born. The mean litter size ± SE of wild-born females was 7.6 ± 0.9 (range: 5-11 kits) and for captive-born females 5.9 ± 0.9 (range: 1-10 kits). The best fitting regression line for mink age (in months) based on pulp width was y=0.42x2-11.52x+104.7, R² = 0.77, p< 0.0001. Individuals with a pulp cavity width <35% was found to be younger than one year. The turnover of mink caught in nature was estimated to 66% and the yearly mortality to 69%, therefore the population is slightly declining. In conclusion, a feral reproducing mink population in Denmark persists, besides the continues influx of captive-born mink escaped from farms.
Polymorphism of Selected Regions of Ovar-MHC and the Health Status of the Ovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Świderek Wiesław , Gruszczyńska Joanna , Winnicka Anna
Published: November 2020

Udder diseases (mastitis) are a serious cause of economic losses in sheep breeding as they have a negative impact on lamb rearing and the quality of dairy products. So far the progress in treatment and prevention of these diseases has been insufficient, giving ground for searching possibilities of using natural immunity to combat mastitis. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the microsatellite polymorphism of selected Ovar-MHC genes and the health status of the mammary gland of sheep. The research was carried out on sheep of the Polish Heath and Polish Lowland breeds. In ovine milk the number of somatic cells (SCC) and the percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulation were assessed. On the basis of genomic DNA, molecular analysis of the Ovar-MHC gene fragments (OLADRB1, OLADRB2, OMHC1) polymorphism was performed. Significant differences were found in SCC and the percentage of lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD19) in the milk depending on the alleles of the Ovar-MHC genes. Alleles of 488 bp (DRB1) and 284 bp (DRB2) were found more frequently in sheep with healthy udders, while carriers of the 508 bp (DRB1) and 272 bp (DRB2) alleles were more prone to subclinical mastitis. The obtained results justify the need for further research in order to better understanding the genetic basis of mastistis and to search for effective molecular markers that can be used in breeding practice.
A Modified GHSS Iteration Method for Continuous Sylvester Equation AX+XB=C
Authors: Feng Yuye , Wu Qingbiao
Published: November 2020

This paper is concerned with the modification of a generalization of the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting iteration method for solving large sparse continuous Sylvester equations. The analysis shows that the MGHSS iteration method converges unconditionally to the unique solution of AX+XB=C. An inexact variant of the GHSS iteration method (IMGHSS) has been presented and the analysis of its convergence property in detail has been discussed. Numerical examples are reported to confirm the efficiency of the proposed methods.
The Impact of Patient Age on Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis Supplemented with Autograft or an Autograft Alternative (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP)
Authors: Berlet Gregory C. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Glazebrook Mark , Haddad Steven L. , Younger Alastair , Quiton Jovelyn D. , Fitch David A. , Daniels Timothy R. , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: November 2020

Background:

A recent survey of orthopaedic surgeons asking about risk factors for nonunion following foot and ankle arthrodesis revealed that patient age is considered to be a relatively low risk factor, despite the potential for autologous graft quality to deteriorate with increasing age. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of patient age and graft type on fusion rates following hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis.

Methods:

In this study, we analyzed data from a previously published clinical trial, comparing fusion success in 397 subjects who underwent hindfoot or ankle arthrodesis (597 joints) supplemented with either autograft or an osteoinductive autograft alternative, recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer carried in beta-tricalcium phosphate (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP). The odds of fusion success were compared among subjects older or younger than age thresholds of 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 years. The odds of fusion success were also compared between autograft and rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP among subjects older than each age threshold.

Results:

In the autograft group, the joints of subjects who were younger than the age thresholds of 60 and 65 years had >2 times the odds of successful fusion compared with those of older subjects. There was no significant difference in the odds of fusion success between the older and younger subjects at the age threshold of 55 years. In the rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP group, there was no significant difference in the odds of successful fusion between older and younger subjects at any age threshold. When the odds of fusion success were compared between the 2 graft materials in subjects who were older than each age threshold, rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP had approximately 2 times the odds of fusion success compared with autograft for all thresholds, except 55 years.

Conclusions:

The presented evidence suggests that age is an identifiable and concerning risk factor for hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis nonunion, a finding in contrast to the wider perception in the surgeon community. Notably, patients ≥60 years of age had significantly lower odds of fusion success with the use of autograft. The data reveal that use of rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP as an alternative bone-healing adjunct may help mitigate the risk of nonunion when these procedures are performed in the elderly population.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Elective Orthopaedic Surgery During COVID-19
Authors: Zorzi Claudio , Piovan Gianluca , Screpis Daniele , Natali Simone , Marocco Stefania , Iacono Venanzio
Published: November 2020

Background:

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has greatly changed our way of living and working. We have developed a method to treat urgent patients in a safe way, and we applied the same protocol to resume elective surgical procedures.

Methods:

We reorganized the system and the management of our orthopaedic department to perform elective surgical procedures in a safe way. During the COVID-19 lockdown, 614 patients underwent elective orthopaedic procedures.

Results:

No major postoperative complications were recorded. None of the orthopaedic surgeons, health-care personnel, or hospitalized patients was infected in this period of activity.

Conclusions:

During COVID-19, it is possible to perform elective surgical procedures in a safe way.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENENTUKAN STRUKTUR TEKS NEGOSIASI
Authors: Qotimah Diyah Nurul , Nawawi Hannan
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menentukan struktur teks negosiasi kelas X SMK IKIP Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pada saat awal praktek mengajar (PPL) peneliti metemukan bahwa guru Bahasa Indonesia masih menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional (ceramah) dan siswa enggan bertanya ketika diberi kesempatan untuk bertanya. Siswa juga pasif dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dan hanya mengandalkan hasil pekerjaan temannya ketika diadakan diskusi kelas, hal tersebut dapat memengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dalam kegiatan pembelajaran diharapkan dapat menimbulkan interaksi yang tinggi antara guru dan siswa ataupun antara siswa itu sendiri. Inilah yang membuat peneliti tertarik untuk mengadakan penelitian guna mengetahui adakah penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menentukan struktur Teks Negosiasi pada siswa kelas X SMK IKIP Surabaya. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan olee peneliti yaitu data pretest dan posttest yang kemudian di uji dengan Independent Sample t-Test. Hasil perhitungan dengan software SPSS 19.00 adalah bahwa diperoleh hasil yaitu nilai probabilitas (Assymp. Sig 2 tailed) 0 kurang dari taraf signifikansi 5%, model pembelajaran Mind Mapping berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menentukan struktur teks negosiasi
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN PENULISAN NASKAH DRAMA ANAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI IDCD (IDENTIFICATION, DESIGN, CHANGE, DAN DEVELOPMENT)
Authors: Faqih Fiyan Ilman
Published: November 2020

The writing children's drama scripts is an underdeveloped skill. This happens because students not understand who children and how characteristic children. One way to solve this problem is to innovate learning strategies. The strategic innovation is IDCD (identification, design, change, and development). This strategy was created for the needs of writing skills, especially writing children's drama scripts for students. Strategies were created to create learning more creative, innovative children's drama script writing, and children's drama scripts that are created according to the child's level of development.
Seni Tari sebagai Cara Memperbaiki Suasana Hati Anak di KB & TK Indriyasana
Authors: Ulfah Jamuna
Published: November 2020

Anak usia dini memiliki banyak karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Konsentrasi yang pendek, merupakan satu dari sekian banyak karakteristik tersebut. Hal tersebut tentu akan sangat mempengaruhi kecerdasan dan keberhasilan anak dalam menyerap dan menerima pembelajaran di sekolah. Pendeknya konsentrasi di dalam kelas sangat mempengaruhi suasana hati dan cendrung menciptakan dimensi kelas yang tidak kondusif. Karena, anak hanya akan bisa menyerap pembelajaran jika mereka berada dalam keadaan senang hati tanpa merasa bosan dan tertekan. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bagaimana peran dari seni tari dalam memperbaiki suasana hati anak usia dini di KB TK Indriyasana Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan data pokok bersumber dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Seni tari tidak dilaksanakan setiap hari melainkan dijadwalkan selama seminggu 2-3 kali dan dilaksanakan diantara jam-jam pembelajaran di sekolah. Seni tari di KB TK Indriyasana berhasil mengembalikan semangat dan kejenuhan anak ketika melaksanakan proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil observasi berupa perbandingan dimensi kelas dan tingkat konsentrasi anak saat memperhatikan pembelajaran di dalam kelas sebelum dan sesudah seni tari berlangsung. Dan hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat konsentrasi dan fokus anak lebih lama dan mereka terlihat lebih ceria dibandingkan dengan sebelum mereka mengikuti kegiatan seni tari.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Bekerjasama Anak Melalui Permainan Kreatif Pohon dan Tupai
Authors: Sari Putri Purnama , Utomo Hanggara Budi , Khan Rosa Imani
Published: November 2020

Sikap kerjasama antar teman pada anak usia dini merupakan sikap dari perwujudan sosial emosional yang esensial dalam perkembangan diri anak. Permainan kreatif dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif permainan menyenangkan yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan pembentukan kemampuan bekerjasama anak usia dini melalui permainan kreatif pohon dan tupai di TK Kusuma Mulia I Cerme Kabupaten Kediri. Responden penelitian sebanyak dua orang, yaitu kepala sekolah dan satu orang guru. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Proses pengumpulan dan penggalian data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan menggunakan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam pembentukan sikap kerjasama anak usia dini di TK Kusuma Mulia I Cerme Kabupaten Kediri dapat dilakukan melalui permainan pohon dan tupai sebagai permainan kreatif. Peran guru dapat dimanifestasikan sebagai fasilitator dan provokator yang secara positif memberikan perhatian kepada anak agar memunculkan sifat kepeminpinan dalam kelompok, dan selanjutnya anak mampu bekerjasama dalam bermain pohon dan tupai. Sikap kerjasama antar teman pada anak usia dini merupakan sikap dari perwujudan sosial emosional yang esensial dalam perkembangan diri anak. Permainan kreatif dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif permainan menyenangkan yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan pembentukan kemampuan bekerjasama anak usia dini melalui permainan kreatif pohon dan tupai di TK Kusuma Mulia I Cerme Kabupaten Kediri. Responden penelitian sebanyak dua orang, yaitu kepala sekolah dan satu orang guru. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Proses pengumpulan dan penggalian data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan menggunakan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam pembentukan sikap kerjasama anak usia dini di TK Kusuma Mulia I Cerme Kabupaten Kediri dapat dilakukan melalui permainan pohon dan tupai sebagai permainan kreatif. Peran guru dapat dimanifestasikan sebagai fasilitator dan provokator yang secara positif memberikan perhatian kepada anak agar memunculkan sifat kepeminpinan dalam kelompok, dan selanjutnya anak mampu bekerjasama dalam bermain pohon dan tupai.
Desain Mobile Ad-hoc Network (manet) Untuk Sistem Komunikasi Taktis
Authors: Agustini Siti
Published: November 2020

Komunikasi taktis membutuhkan jaringan dengan karakteristik self-formingdan self-healing.Karakter   node dapatcepatterbentuk menjadi sebuah jaringan. Namun, lingkungan operasi militer memberikan tantangan yang cukupsignifikan yaitukonektivitas yang tidak handal dan bandwidth yang terbatas. Dengan kondisi tersebut, maka pada penelitian ini dirancangsistem komunikasi taktis yang melibatkan aspek routing protocol (AODV), skema Medium Access Control (CSMA), formasi node dan jumlah node yang berbeda untuk setiap jaringan. Hasil protocol routing AODV dan protocol MAC CSMA dengan 3 formasi berbeda dan jumlah node yang bertambah menghasilkan waktu pembentukan jaringan yang cukup cepat dan throughput yang masih memenuhi standar Link-16 Enhanced Throughput.
Is/it Strategic Planning Pada Perusahaan Mono Jaya Cilacap Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rahmawati Anjar Sylvia , Hariawan Akto , Setiawan Ito , Afiana Fiby Nur
Published: November 2020

Saat ini persaingan bisnis di Indonesia semakin ketat, termasuk persaingan bisnis dalam bidang pembuatan rambut palsu (wig). PT Mono Jaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi rambut palsu yang berada di Kroya kabupaten Cilacap Jawa Tengah. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing terhadap para pesaingnya, perusahaan harus mampu membuat inovasi baru serta menggunakan sistem informasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan sebagai pendukung untuk meningkatkan kinerja , meningkatkan daya saing terhadap para pesaingnya, serta mewujudkan tujuan perusahaan. Namun untuk mendapatkan sistem informasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan, maka dibutuhkan suatu perencanaan strategis sistem informasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Ward And Peppard, alat bantu yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT, analisis Value Chain, analisis McFarlan Strategic Grid, analisis Five Force Model Porter, analisis Critical Success Factor (CSF), dan analisis Balaced ScoreCard (BSC). Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini berupa rekomendasi portofolio sistem informasi yang dibutuhkan PT Mono Jaya guna meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan.
Polymer Flood Performance and Incremental Recoveries: Lessons Learned From Three Established Cases with Varied Reservoir Heterogeneities
Authors: Xu John , Lu Xiaoguang
Published: November 2020

Based on three established commercial test cases, this paper documents their polymer flood process performance, revealing the impact of reservoir properties and heterogeneity on incremental recovery and dynamic performance. The key reservoir management measures for improving polymer flood sweeping efficiency are illustrated, which are particularly important for the successful application of chemical EOR techniques in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs.

The three cases produced oil with similar fluid properties from sandstone reservoirs. They all adopted 5-spot well patterns, which provide excellent examples for studying the impact of reservoir property and heterogeneity on incremental recovery. The producing reservoir sands in the three pilot represent two types. The former is of high permeability and low heterogenity. The latter is characterized by low permeability, multiple flow units, thin individual sand layers and high inter-layer permeability contrast. The authors reviewed and compared changes in water-cut and production rate performance versus pore volume of polymer solution injected during the process, as well as the applied well spacing, polymer utilization, and ultimate incremental recoveries. The two high quality reservoir cases adopted 22 ac well spacing, achieved an incremental recovery of 12.5% and 13.7%, a low polymer utilization of 1.08 kg/BO and 1.79 kg/BO, respectively, and a maximum water-cut reduction of 24.4%. In the low permeability case, although a much smaller well spacing of 11 ac was adopted, it achieved a relatively low incremental recovery of 8.2% and a maximum water-cut drop of 5.2%, with a polymer utilization of 2.51 kg/BO. Incremental EUR of individual producer through polymer flood is 49 MBO in the low permeability case, compared with 130 MBO in the high permeability reservoir sands. The three cases proved the effectiveness of fit-for-purpose reservoir management and conformance improvement techniques in improving polymer flood sweep efficiency to achieve high incremental recovery. Such techniques include hydraulic fracturing of low permeability sands, optimization of polymer solution concentration and molecular weight to adapt to different sand units with varied permeability, optimization of injection process to maintain a uniform pressure system, adjustment of injection direction to sweep by-passed remaining oil, and, zonal injection to improve polymer solution intake in low permeability sand units.

The discussed cases proved the technical feasibility and economic viability of polymer flood in sandstone reservoirs with varied heterogeneities and revealed the impact of heterogeneity on performance and incremental recovery. The reservoir management and conformance improvement efforts during polymer flood process provided valuable lessons and best practices for similar applications.
Emergency Medical Services vs. Police: Impact of Pre-Hospital Transportation Method on Outcomes of Trauma Patients with Firearm Injuries
Authors: Wohler Christina , Denneny Rachel , Bermudez Allegra , Wilson Robert , Gouchoe Douglas , Shimada Ayako , Miller Stanton
Published: November 2020

Background

Firearms are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Few studies exist to investigate the impact of pre-hospital transportation methods on trauma patient outcomes.
Methods

Patients with firearm injuries were identified using an institutional trauma registry (2008 to 2017). Data on patient demographics, hospital transportation, treatments, and outcomes was collected and analyzed. Patient characteristics between Emergency Medical Services (EMS) vs. police transport groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.
Results

Of 224 patients identified, 147 (66%) were transported by EMS and 77 (34%) were transported by police. There was no significant difference in patient demographics between groups. Most patients were male (94.2%) and African American (69.2%), with a mean age of 27.1 years. 84.4% of patients suffered from an externally-inflicted gunshot wound, while 9.4% of patients had inflicted the wound themselves. Handguns were the weapon most commonly used. There was no significant difference in in-hospital treatments or mortality between patients transported by EMS vs. police. 44.1% of patients underwent surgery, and 34.8% required specialist consultation. The mean hospital length of stay for all patients was 1 day, and 27.7% of all patients expired during admission.
Conclusions

There is no difference in hospital treatment or mortality between firearm victims transported by EMS vs. police.
A Novel Computerized Method for Measuring the Length of the Aorta in Patients with Severe Kyphotic Deformity
Authors: Liang Yan , Duan Shuo , Rao Wenqun , Liu Haiying , Zheng Wang
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to explore a new method for measuring the length of the aorta in patients with severe kyphotic deformity.Methods: The computed tomography (CT) scan data of one patient with severe kyphotic deformity were retrospectively collected. The data were saved as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, and were imported into MIMICS software for processing. Then, the MASK function of the MIMICS software was used to mark the aorta in each slice of CT, and a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model of the aorta was established. After that, the length of the aorta was defined as the length of the centerline, which was calculated by the MIMICS. Besides, two points were fixed as anchor, and the length of aorta was acquired by measuring the distance between the two points. The proximal one was the origin of the left subclavian artery, and the fork was the distal of iliac artery. The length of the aorta was measured preoperatively and postoperatively as well. Results: The 3D reconstruction model of the aorta was successfully established. It was revealed that the length of aorta was 418.9 mm preoperatively, and 435.4 mm postoperatively. The patient also underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). After orthopedic surgery, the length of the aorta was stretched by 16.5 mm. Conclusion: In the present research, a 3D reconstruction model of the aorta was successfully established, and the length of the aorta was accurately measured without any invasive procedure. Using MIMICS software, the length of aorta in patients with severe kyphotic deformity could be effectively and precisely measured.
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Caused by Low Falls and High falls: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Rong , Wu Yao , Wang Fang-Yong , Wang Wen-Jing
Published: November 2020

Background: Quite a few patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are caused by falls. However, the comparison of different causes of SCI or the epidemiological characteristics of SCI caused by falls of different heights are rare. This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic SCI caused by falls and conducted a comparison between low falls and high falls.Method: Data from traumatic SCI cases admitted to China Rehabilitation Research Center from 2010 to 2019 were collected, including age, gender, occupation, cause, level and severity of the injury, combined injuries, complications, and rehabilitation length of stay. Mann-Whitney U and Chi square (χ2) tests were used to assess the differences between two groups at a statistical significance level of 0.05.Result: Patients with fall-induced SCI were older and a longer rehabilitation length of stay than those with nonfall-induced SCI. Patients with high fall-induced SCI were younger and more likely to suffer from paraplegia, severer injuries, and combined injuries, and had longer time from injury to rehabilitation and rehabilitation length of stay, compared with patients with low fall-induced SCIs.Conclusion: Falls, especially high falls, are the primary causes of SCI. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of high falls in the working environment. Low falls are also worthy of attention due to their high incidence and constitute a considerable proportion of causes of SCI.
Relative Energy Deficiency in an Elite Professional non-Endurance Male Caused by Short Period of Overtraining and Caloric Restriction: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Yun , Gu Nan , Wang Wei , Gao Ying , Zhang Junqing
Published: November 2020

Background: Relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) is well-recognized in women competing in endurance sports; however, it is less common in males competing in non-endurance sports. Here, we report a case of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with RED-S in an elite male non-endurance skill athlete caused by a change in workout over a short time frame.Case presentation: An 18-year-old elite male non-endurance skill athlete complained of fatigue, depression, and inattention. Blood tests showed low total testosterone levels and a physical examination revealed Tanner stage phase IV-V. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test revealed that the luteinizing hormone (LH) level was 10 times above normal, suggesting hypothalamic hypogonadism. However, magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) of pituitary gland, brain, and adrenal glands were normal. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, he was quarantined for 2 weeks. During that time, he only performed a basic workout. At the end of quarantine, his coach made him follow a new training program that was >50% more intense than the one before quarantine. He also had to restrict calorie intake for snowboarding. He was diagnosed as relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). The condition resolved after lifestyle and training modifications.Conclusions: RED-S is not restricted to endurance athletes. Elite athletes performing non-endurance sports can also suffer from it after a significant modification of training. Sports scientists/trainers should monitor caloric intake and training intensity to avoid RED-S, protect the health and improve the performance of all athletes.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of NaCl and KCl Stress Response in Malus Hupehensis Rehd. Provide Insight into the Regulation Involved in Na+ and K+ Homeostasis
Authors: Li Yuqi , Zheng Xiaodong , Tian Yike , Ma Changqing , Yang Shaolan , Wang Caihong
Published: November 2020

Background: Apple is among the most widely cultivated perennial fruit crops worldwide. It is sensitive to salt stress, which seriously affects the growth and productivity of apple trees by destroying the homeostasis of Na+ and K+. Previous studies focused on the molecular mechanism underlying NaCl stress. However, signaling transduction under KCl stress has not been thoroughly studied. Results: We comprehensively analyzed the salt tolerance of Malus hupehensis Rehd., which is a widely used rootstock in apple orchards, by using RNA-Seq. Roots and leaves were treated with NaCl and KCl. Based on mapping analyses, a total of 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NaCl and KCl stress in the roots and leaves were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in ion transmembrane transporter and oxidoreductase activity under NaCl and KCl stress. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We also screened out 28 candidate genes from 762 DEGs and verified their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of these enriched genes were closely related to NaCl and KCl stress and take part in mediating the Na+ and K+ homeostasis in M. hupehensis. Conclusions: This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response of M. hupehensis.
Occurence of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression in the acute phase of transient ischemic attack and stroke
Authors: Müller Helge HO , Czwalinna Katharina , Wang Ruihao , Lücke Caroline , Lam Alexandra P. , Philipsen Alexandra , Gschossmann Jürgen M. , Moeller Sebastian
Published: November 2020

Background
Rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression are increased in patients having experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke several months ago. However, data of psychiatric symptoms in the acute phase within the first days after ictus are lacking.
Methods
In 20 patients with stroke and 33 patients with TIA we assessed disease severity by means of the NIHSS, levels of depression and anxiety by HADS, PTSD-like symptoms by PC-PTSD, quality of life (HrQoL) by SF-12, and coping style by brief COPE Inventory within the first 5 days after ictus.
Results
NIHSS on admission was lower in patients with TIA (0 ± 1) than in patients with stroke (3 ± 2, p < 0.001). HADS depression score was significantly higher in patients with stroke (7.0 ± 4.5) than in patients with TIA (4.9 ± 4.0). HADS anxiety score, HrQoL and coping styles were similar between TIA and stroke patients (p > 0.05). 5 and 3 of 33 TIA patients as well as 4 and 3 of 20 stroke patients had at least 11 points in the HADS anxiety and depression score respectively (p = 0.001). 2 of 33 TIA patients and 2 of 20 stroke patients had more than 2 points in the PC-PTSD (p = 0.646). We did not find consistent correlations between the NIHSS and the psychometric parameters.
Conclusions
Within the first five days after patients having experienced a TIA or stroke PTSD-like, anxious and depressive symptoms are more common than in the general population. As the acute psychological status after ictus is predictive for psychiatric comorbidity years later physicians should pay attention and adequately treat psychiatric symptoms already in the acute phase of stroke.
Influence of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 Polymorphisms on the Efficacy and Tolerability of Artesunate-Amodiaquine Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Zanzibar
Authors: Pernaute-Lau Leyre , Morris Ulrika , Msellem Mwinyi , Mårtensson Andreas , Björkman Anders , Gil Jose Pedro
Published: November 2020

Background The antimalarial drug amodiaquine, a commonly used long acting partner drug in artemisinin-based combination therapy, is metabolized to active desethyl-amodiaquine (DEAQ) by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). The CYP2C8 gene carries several polymorphisms including the more frequent minor alleles CYP2C8*2 and CYP2C8*3. These minor alleles have been associated with decreased enzymatic activity, slowing the amodiaquine biotransformation towards DEAQ. This study aimed to assess the influence of CYP2C8 polymorphisms on the efficacy and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Zanzibar.Methods We analysed data from 618 children <5 years with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria enrolled in two randomized clinical trials comparing artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine in 2002-2005 in Zanzibar. CYP2C8*2 and CYP2C8*3 genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and assessed in relation to clinical data on treatment outcome and tolerance. Results The allele frequencies of CYP2C8*2 and CYP2C8*3 were 17.5% (95% CI 15.4-19.7%) and 2.7% (95% CI 1.8-3.7%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects carrying either CYP2C8*2 or CYP2C8*3 alleles amongst those with reinfections (44.1 %; 95% CI 33.8-54.8) or those with recrudescent infections (48.3%; 95% CI 29.4-67.5), compared to those with adequate clinical and parasitological response (36.7 %; 95% CI 30.0-43.9) (P = 0.25 and P = 0.31, respectively). However, patients carrying either the CYP2C8*2 or CYP2C8*3 allele were significantly associated with increased occurrence of non-serious adverse events compare with CYP2C8 *1/*1 wildtype homozygotes (44.9%; 95% CI 36.1-54.0 versus 28.1%; 95% CI 21.9-35.0, respectively; P = 0.003). Conclusions CYP2C8 genotypes did not influence treatment efficacy directly, but the tolerability to ASAQ may be reduced in subjects carrying the CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C8*2 alleles. The importance of this non-negligible association with regards to amodiaquine-based malaria chemotherapy warrants further investigation.
A framework for the implementation of certification procedures at nurse level: a case study in a French hospital
Authors: SALMA Israa , WAELLI Mathias
Published: November 2020

Background

The implementation of certification procedures across healthcare systems is an essential component of the management process. In the past, several promising approaches have been developed towards the successful implementation of such policies, however, precise adaptation and implementation at the local context is essential. Thus, local activities must be considered to generate more pragmatic recommendations for managers. In this pilot study, we built an implementation framework for the inception of certification in healthcare facilities, particularly at nurse level activities. Our hypothesis comprised two objectives: the identification of key implementation process components, and the precise definition of these elements within local social activities.
Methods

This study used a two-step abductive approach. The first was inductive, and consisted of a qualitative case study, where we analysed the implementation of certification procedures in a French teaching hospital. The study was conducted between April and December 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and observations by shadowing. In the second step, the emerging data were analysed using two approaches: The Quality Implementation Tool (QIT) and Translational Mobilisation Theory (TMT).
Results

Sixteen interviews were conducted with managers and nurses. We also accumulated 83 observational hours from two different wards. Our results showed that, first, all the retrieved elements over the implementation of certification procedures were captured by the QIT components and only one component was no applicable for the studied case. Second, we identified the elements in the local context of activity, with the different interrelationships between actors, actions and contexts, through the TMT. Third, our analyses were integrated and translated into a framework that described the implementation of certification procedures in healthcare facilities and with interest to the implementation at nurse/mid-managers level. In adopting QIT, the framework components took a transversal aspect then adapted to the local context of work through the TMT.
Conclusions

In this study, we generated an implementation framework that underpinned a certification procedures implementation. Our approach revealed broad interactions between proximity managers, teams and contexts during change mobilisation, not captured by transversal framework only as QIT. Going forward, this framework must be tested in future empirical studies.
Heat-Killed Malassezia Pachydermatis Suspension Modulates the Activity of Macrophages Challenged with Encephalitozoon Cuniculi
Authors: Codeceira Jéssica Feliciana , Alvares-Saraiva Anuska Marcelino , Hurtado Elizabeth Cristina Perez , Spadacci-Morena Diva Denelle , Coutinho Selene Dall´Acqua , Lallo Maria Anete
Published: November 2020

Background Encephalitozoon cuniculi, are obligate intracellular fungi that determine emerging diseases in humans and other animals, with economic relevance. Studies have shown that Malassezia are able to modulate the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines by keratinocytes and human monocytes and has an immunomodulatory effect. In the present work, we evaluate the effects of heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension on the modulation of the response of macrophages challenged with the microsporidia E. cuniculi. Methods Heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension was used to treat macrophage for 1 hour, subsequently, macrophages were infected with spores of E. cuniculi (2:1) and evaluated at 15, 30, 60 minutes and 48 hours. To determine the phagocytic capacity (PC) and index (PI), cultures were stained with Calcofluor and the spores, internalized or not, were counted. Results Microbicidal and phagocytic activity was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The untreated macrophages and had PC, PI, and larger amounts of phagocytosed spores than those treated, but by TEM it was observed that in macrophages treated the microbicidal activity was faster, since in the phagocytic vacuoles there were few spores in different degrees of degeneration and few amounts of amorphous material. Macrophages treated with heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension showed lower PI and PC, with the incipient presence of E. cuniculi in phagosomes inside these macrophages. Additionally, these same treated macrophages had a mixed pattern of cytokine release with a Th1, Th2 and Th17 profile, with emphasis on IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-g secretion, particularly greater production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results showed that the treatment with heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension determined an increase in the release of cytokines and reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages challenged with E. cuniculi
Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration Modified the Effects of Neonatal and Familiar Risk Factors on Childhood Asthma and Allergy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hu Yabin , Chen Yiting , Liu Shijian , Jiang Fan , Wu Meiqin , Yan Chonghuai , Tan Jianguo , Yu Guangjun , Hu Yi , Yin Yong , Qu Jiajie , Li Shenghui , Tong Shilu
Published: November 2020

Background: Childhood asthma and allergic diseases are a significant global problem. There are inconsistent findings on the associations of delivery mode, the number of children in the household and breastfeeding with childhood asthma and allergic diseases. We assessed these associations and examined whether breastfeeding modified the effects of neonatal and familiar risk factors on childhood asthma and allergic diseases.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China. A total of 17 primary schools were randomly selected from 13 districts of Shanghai in this study. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was adopted to assess the childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between neonatal and familiar factors and childhood asthma and allergic diseases, and to examine the modification effects of breastfeeding on the associations assessed.Results: Of 10,464 primary school children aged 6-11 years, the overall prevalence of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticarial, food allergy and drug allergy was 13.9%, 22.7%, 15.3%, 8.1% and 4.6%, respectively. Male sex, high socioeconomic status, cesarean section delivery, only one child in the household and having family history of allergy were among the major risk factors for childhood asthma and allergic diseases while longer exclusive breastfeeding duration (＞6 months) was a protective factor. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration also attenuated the effects of neonatal and familiar risk factors on childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Conclusions: Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was a protective factor against childhood asthma and allergic diseases, and also reduced the adverse effects of neonatal and familiar risk factors on these diseases. Giving the prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic diseases is rapidly rising across the globe, these findings may have important clinical and public health implications.
EFNA3 Can Serve as Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Luad Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Eph/Ephrin  Family
Authors: Hou Gang , Deng Mingming , Tong Run , Zhang Zhe , Wang Tao , Liang Chaonan , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: November 2020

Background: Ephrin receptors (Eph) and their ligands called ephrins, function in various disease processes. However, the specific mechanism of Eph/ephrins in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unclear.Methods: Oncomine and GEPIA databases were used to explore the differential expression of Eph/ephrins in LUAD. The Kaplan–Meier plotter was selected to explore the prognostic value of Eph/ephrins. The cBioPortal database was used to analyze the genetic variation of the EFNA3 gene. Clinical LUAD tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry identifying the clinical value of identifying the ephrin-A3 protein. Weighted Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified the potential regulatory mechanism of EFNA3.Results: EPHA10, EFNA3/4/5 and EPHB1/2 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in LUAD. EFNB1/2 and EPHB6 expression levels were significantly decreased. Prognostic analysis showed that EFNA3, EFNB1/2, and EPHB2 expression were significant correlate with both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in LUAD patients. Next, the expression of the EFNA3 protein was increased in LUAD tissues and was designated as an independent risk prognosis factor. Mechanistically, EFNA3 may be involved in nuclear division, synaptic function, and ion channel activity-related pathways. Additionally, higher expression of EFNA3 was significantly correlated with OS in pan-cancer patients.Conclusions: This study revealed the abnormal expression and prognostic value of Eph/Ephrin family members in LUAD. In addition, it is emphasized that EFNA3 may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD patients.
Adhatoda Vasica: A Potential Ayurvedic Intervention Against COVID-19 Associated Impaired Immune Response and Hypoxia-Inflammation Phenotype
Authors: Gheware Atish Prabhakar , Dholakia Dhwani , Kanan S , Panda Lipsa , Anand Vivek , Rani Ritu , Pattnaik Bijay Ranjan , Jain Vaibhav , Subramanian V , Mukerji Mitali , Agrawal Anurag , Prasher Bhavana
Published: November 2020

Background: The importance of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) stabilization in uncontrolled infection and inflammation is widely accepted. Several inhibitors of HIF signalling are in clinical trials for malignancy, ischemia and inflammatory diseases. Increased hypoxia is being reported to be an important modifier for several pathological features of COVID-19 such as impaired immunity, hyper-inflammation, thrombosis, lung injury and sepsis. Methods: In this study we tested the effect of whole aqueous extract Adhatoda Vasica (AV), that our group has shown to have anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory effects, on various outcomes of hypoxic response. Effects of AV were assessed in preclinical mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis, bacterial sepsis and siRNA induced hypoxia-thrombosis phenotype. Therapeutic relevance of AV in current pandemic were also examined through transcriptome and molecular docking analysis. Results: Oral administration AV extract attenuated the increased levels of airway inflammation, collagen content, transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), IL-6, HIF-1α and improved the overall survival rate in bleomycin treated and Cecum Ligation and Puncture (CLP) induced mice. AV treatment also rescued the prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (phd2) siRNA induced HIF-1α and associated blood coagulation phenotypes in mice. Transcriptome analysis of lungs of AV treated naïve mice reveal downregulation of hypoxia, inflammation, TGF-b1 and angiogenesis and upregulation of adaptive immunity related genes. These genes and pathways show opposite expression in transcriptome of BALF and PBMCs of SARS-CoV2 infected patient. Molecular docking of AV constituents presents in extract reveal many molecules with low binding energy (≤ -8) to multiple SARS-CoV2 and host target proteins that are relevant in viral entry and replication. Conclusion: Our results provide a scientific rationale for this ayurvedic herbal medicine in ameliorating the hypoxia-hyperinflammation features which could be useful against SARS-CoV-2 infection.