bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular treatment for acute mesenteric ischaemia
Authors: El Farargy Marawan , Abdel Hadi Ahmed , Abou Eisha Mohamed , Bashaeb Khalid , Antoniou George A
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Acute mesenteric ischaemia is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Endovascular techniques have emerged as a viable alternative treatment option to conventional surgery. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and perform a meta-analysis of reported outcomes.

Methods

Our review conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016035667). We searched electronic information sources (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL) and bibliographic lists of relevant articles to identify studies reporting outcomes of endovascular treatment for acute mesenteric ischaemia of embolic or thrombotic aetiology. We defined 30-day or in-hospital mortality and bowel resection as the primary outcome measures. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess the methodological quality of observational studies. We calculated combined overall effect sizes using random effects models; results are reported as the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Results

We identified 19 observational studies reporting on a total of 3362 patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute mesenteric ischaemia. The pooled estimate of peri-interventional mortality was 0.245 (95% confidence interval 0.197–0.299), that of the requirement for bowel resection 0.326 (95% confidence interval 0.229–0.439), and the pooled estimate for acute kidney injury was 0.132 (95% confidence interval 0.082–0.204). Eight studies reported comparative outcomes of endovascular versus surgical treatment for acute mesenteric ischaemia (endovascular group, 3187 patients; surgical group, 4998 patients). Endovascular therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.67, P = 0.0001), bowel resection (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.59, P < 0.00001) and acute renal failure (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.68, P < 0.00001). No differences were identified in septic complications or the development of short bowel syndrome.

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment for acute mesenteric ischaemia is associated with a considerable mortality and requirement of bowel resection. However, endovascular therapy confers improved outcomes compared to conventional surgery, as indicated be reduced mortality, risk of bowel resection and acute renal failure. An endovascular-first approach should be considered in patients presenting with acute mesenteric ischaemia.
Capturing Health Information: A Perspectives Paper
Authors: Walker Sue
Published: January 2017

In a recent study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Mathers et al. (2005) discussed the current status of global reporting of mortality data, and several indicators of quality and completeness of coded data were examined. Unfortunately, no recognition was attributed to the capacity, knowledge and skills of individual coders to impact upon the quality of the data (Walker 2006). This paper explores some of the quality issues relating to coders, as identified in an international needs assessment study conducted through a joint collaboration between the Education Committee of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC) and the International Federation of Health Records Organizations (IFHRO) (Walker & McKenzie 2004). The study provides the first comprehensive view of coders of mortality and morbidity data internationally. This paper reports selected results from that survey, highlighting the need for recognised standards of uniform education for coders internationally.
Provisional Coding Practices: Are They Really a Waste of Time?
Authors: Krypuy Matthew , McCormack Lena
Published: January 2017

In order to facilitate effective clinical coding and hence the precise financial reimbursement of acute services, in 2005 Western District Health Service (WDHS) (located in regional Victoria, Australia) undertook a provisional coding trial for inpatient medical episodes to determine the magnitude and accuracy of clinical documentation.

Utilising clinical coding software installed on a laptop computer, provisional coding was undertaken for all current overnight inpatient episodes under each physician one day prior to attending their daily ward round. The provisionally coded episodes were re-coded upon the completion of the discharge summary and the final Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) allocation and weight were compared to the provisional DRG assignment.

A total of 54 out of 220 inpatient medical episodes were provisionally coded. This represented approximately a 25% cross section of the population selected for observation. Approximately 67.6% of the provisionally allocated DRGs were accurate in contrast to 32.4% which were subject to change once the discharge summary was completed. The DRG changes were primarily due to: disease progression of a patient during their care episode which could not be identified by clinical coding staff due to discharge prior to the following scheduled ward round; the discharge destination of particular patients; and the accuracy of clinical documentation on the discharge summary. The information gathered from the provisional coding trial supported the hypothesis that clinical documentation standards were sufficient and adequate to support precise clinical coding and DRG assignment at WDHS. The trial further highlighted the importance of a complete and accurate discharge summary available during the coding process of acute inpatient episodes.
Sociologists in Research, Applied, and Policy Settings: Bringing Professionals in from the Cold
Authors: Spalter-Roth Roberta
Published: January 2017

Historically, U.S. sociologists employed outside the professoriate had lower status and were less likely to be considered professionals than those inside. Academic restructuring may result in a closing of the status gap. This article, based on the responses of 600 PhD sociologists employed in applied, research, and policy positions, focuses on whether historically agreed upon professional characteristics, such as use of specialized knowledge, autonomy, ethical norms, and basic research, are related to overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with economic security. We expected that professional characteristics were significantly related to overall satisfaction, but not to satisfaction with economic security. Our expectations were generally met. Respondents used sociological theories, methods, and concepts to analyze social issues, design interventions, and evaluate solutions. Professional job characteristics result in higher job satisfaction, when other factors are held constant. In contrast, professional characteristics do not significantly increase satisfaction with economic security; rather sector; occupation, and age cohort appear to do so.
Community Kids Wraparound Mental Health Program: An Effective Approach to Working with Families in Crisis
Authors: Klayman Douglas , Crawford Jenny
Published: January 2017

This article presents findings from the five-year evaluation of a youth wraparound mental health program called Community Kids. The structure of the program, sociological theories underlying the philosophy of wraparound, and the context of the mental health system prior to program implementation are discussed. Included are utilization trends from inception through program termination. The impact analysis is presented in terms of five outcome domains for three participant cohorts, defined by tenure in the program. This longitudinal quasi-experimental research provides additional evidence of the efficacy of systems of care and the wraparound model in terms of improving clinical outcomes for youth.
Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Barcelona Irma G , Mauro Laurie S
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To briefly review the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), late luteal-phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD); summarize the physiologic relationship between serotonin and these disorders; and review the available clinical information on the role of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of LLPDD/PMDD.

Data Sources:

A MEDLINE search for English-language journal articles published between 1966 and August 2000 was performed, with the following keywords: serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine matched with premenstrual syndrome, late luteal-phase dysphoric disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Data Selection and Extraction:

All English-language clinical studies of SSRIs for LLPDD/PMDD were included. Study design, population, methods, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects were evaluated.

Data Analysis:

Continuous therapy with SSRIs, particularly fluoxetine and sertraline, is beneficial in the pharmacotherapy of LLPDD/PMDD. Response rates vary, but are generally near 65% for global clinical outcomes. Both behavioral and physical symptoms are improved. Studies as long as 18 months have demonstrated continued benefit with SSRI therapy. Recent literature suggests that intermittent therapy with these agents, only during the luteal phase, may provide benefits similar to those achieved with continuous therapy in selected patients.

Conclusions:

The SSRIs, particularly fluoxetine and sertraline, are useful in the pharmacotherapy of LLPDD/PMDD.
Acute Valproic Acid Poisoning in Young Children
Authors: Lifshitz Matityahu , Gavrilov Vladimir
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To assess the signs and symptoms of acute valproic acid (VPA) overdose in young children.

Methods:

The medical records of previously healthy children admitted to the pediatric department for accidental acute VPA poisoning during the years 1995–1999 were evaluated retrospectively. Information was retrieved on serum VPA concentrations, signs and symptoms on admission and during hospitalization, electrocardiography findings, and laboratory tests.

Results:

All 16 children included in the study were in the age range of two to six years. In 13 cases, the drug had been intended for use by a family member and was ingested accidentally by the child. Three children were receiving VPA to treat a seizure disorder and had an adverse reaction due to unintentional overdose. For four children, a diagnosis of VPA poisoning was not made on admission because of inadequate history and was revealed only on toxicology screening. Drowsiness occurred in all the children, hypotonia in 11, ataxia in eight, miosis in six, and mild hypernatremia in five. Only two children had mildly elevated hepatic enzymes. The peak VPA serum concentrations in the study group ranged from 128 to 142 μg/mL (mean ± SD 135 ± 4.25; therapeutic range 50–100).

Conclusions:

Drowsiness was the most common symptom in young children with mild to moderate VPA poisoning. Other symptoms included hypotonia, ataxia, and miosis. A third of the patients had hypernatremia, most probably due to VPA formulated as sodium valproate. Unlike in cases of chronic toxicity, hepatic damage was not a characteristic finding.
Risk of Adverse Drug Events Related to Ibuprofen Use in a Community Sample
Authors: Nykamp Diane , Barnett Candace W. , Hooper Celynda
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To determine whether consumers are using nonprescription ibuprofen more predominantly to treat acute or chronic conditions, incidence of adverse effects, and whether a healthcare professional is providing patient information.

Design:

A questionnaire was developed and placed in 15 randomly selected community pharmacies in a major metropolitan area. Adult consumers who were purchasing an ibuprofen over-the-counter product or who had previously used an ibuprofen product were asked to complete a written questionnaire (n=190). The information collected included age, gender, prescription, and other over-the-counter drugs presently used, quantity, duration, present illnesses or conditions, both intended and past use of ibuprofen, and incidence of adverse reactions.

Results:

Most subjects who self-treated with ibuprofen were female (70.8 percent) with a mean age of 37 years. Consumers generally used ibuprofen for stress/tension headache (38.9 percent), menstrual cramps (34.2 percent), generalized pain (31.8 percent), or muscle strain/sprain (30.0 percent). Most (55.9 percent) took 400 mg when needed, and 42.2 percent used ibuprofen for a period of 24 hours. Counseling concerning ibuprofen use was provided by a physician (42.9 percent) or pharmacist (39.7 percent) in most cases. The label was read the majority of the time (75 percent), and everyone who read the label understood the printed information.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that this community sample of consumers was using nonprescription ibuprofen appropriately for acute or as needed conditions over a short period of time. They experienced few adverse reactions to ibuprofen. Both pharmacists and physicians were providing patient information about ibuprofen. Counseling is needed regarding prescription and nonprescription drugs with a potential to interact with ibuprofen.
Effect of Dosage Regimen on Antihypertensive Medication Compliance
Authors: Keich Ernest W. , Streater James A. , Kennedy Robert J. , Simon Emma T.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To examine the relationship of the frequency of daily doses and medication compliance for hypertensive patients.

Design:

Retrospective study, nonrandomized control trial.

Setting:

Rural, general community.

Participants:

Convenience sample of 55 outpatients who were prescribed antihypertensive therapy exclusively and whose therapy had been consistent for at least 14 months.

Data Extraction:

Pharmacy records were accessed to determine the medication compliance of these participants.

Main Outcome Measure:

Medication compliance differences between participants who were on a once-a-day antihypertensive regimen versus a two-or-more × a day regimen.

Results:

Patients in the once-a-day regimen group were significantly more compliant than those in the two-or-more × a day group.

Conclusions:

Consideration must be given to simplification of medication regimens to improve compliance. J Pharm Technol 1994;10:115–7.
Interpretation of geologic facies in seismic volume using key rock elastic properties and high-definition facies templates
Authors: Alam Mahbub , Makoon-Singh Sabita , Embleton Joan , Gray David , Lines Larry
Published: January 2017

We have developed a deterministic workflow in mapping the small-scale (centimeter level) subseismic geologic facies and reservoir properties from conventional poststack seismic data. The workflow integrated multiscale (micrometer to kilometer level) data to estimate rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and grain size from the core data; effective porosity, resistivity, and fluid saturations using petrophysical analyses from the log data; and rock elastic properties from the log and poststack seismic data. Rock properties, such as incompressibility (lambda), rigidity (mu), and density (rho) are linked to the fine-particle-volume (FPV) ranges of different facies templates. High-definition facies templates were used in building the high-resolution (centimeter level) near-wellbore images. Facies distribution and reservoir properties between the wells were extracted and mapped from the FPV data volume built from the poststack seismic volume. Our study focused on the heavy oil-bearing Cretaceous McMurray Formation in northern Alberta. The internal reservoir architecture, such as the stacked channel bars, inclined heterolithic strata, and shale plugs, is intricate due to reservoir heterogeneity. Drilling success or optimum oil recovery will depend on whether the reservoir model accurately describes this heterogeneity. Thus, it is very important to properly identify the distribution of the permeability barriers and shale plugs in the reservoir zone. Dense vertical well control and dozens of horizontal well pairs over the area of investigation confirm a very good correlation of the geologic facies interpreted between the wells from the seismic volume.
The correlation between the length of repetitive domain and mechanical properties of the recombinant flagelliform spidroin
Authors: Li Xue , Shi Chang-Hua , Tang Chuan-Long , Cai Yu-Ming , Meng Qing
Published: January 2017

Spider silk is an attractive biopolymer with numerous potential applications due to its remarkable characteristics. Among the six categories of spider silks, flagelliform (Flag) spider silk possesses longer and more repetitive core domains than others, therefore performing the highest extensibility. To investigate the correlation between the recombinant spidroin size and the synthetic fiber properties, four recombinant proteins with different size (N-Scn-C (n=1-4)) were constructed and expressed using IMPACT system. Subsequently, different recombinant spidroins were spun into fibers through wet-spinning via a custom-made continuous post-drawing device. Mechanical test of the synthetic fibers with four parameters (maximum stress, maximum extension, Young's modulus and toughness) demonstrated that the extensibility of the fibers showed a positive correlation with spidroin size, consequently resulting in the extensibility of N-Sc4-C fiber ranked the highest (58.76%) among four fibers. Raman data revealed the relationship between secondary structure content and mechanical properties. The data here provided a deeper insight into the relationship between the function and structure of Flag silk for future design of artificial fibers.
Behavioral evidence for a magnetic sense in the oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Pan Wei , Zhang Yingchao , Li Yue , Wan Guijun , Chen Fajun , Sword Gregory A. , Pan Weidong
Published: January 2017

Progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying directional navigation in migratory insects, yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully elucidated. Here we developed a flight simulation system to study the flight directionality of the migratory armyworm Mythimna separata in response to magnetic fields. Armyworm moths were exposed to either a 500nT extreme weak magnetic field, 1.8T strong magnetic field, or a deflecting magnetic field and subjected to tethered flight trials indoors in the dark. The moths were disoriented in the extreme weak magnetic field, with flight vectors that were more dispersed (variance=0.60) than in the geomagnetic field (variance=0.32). After exposure to a 1.8T strong magnetic field, the mean flight vectors were shifted by about 105°in comparison with those in the geomagnetic field. In the deflecting magnetic field, the flight directions varied with the direction of the magnetic field, and also pointed to the same direction of the magnetic field. In the south-north magnetic field and the east-west field, the flight angles were determined to be 98.9° and 166.3° respectively, and formed the included angles of 12.66° or 6.19° to the corresponding magnetic direction. The armyworm moths responded to the change of the intensity and direction of magnetic fields. Such results provide initial indications of the moth reliance on a magnetic compass. The findings support the hypothesis of a magnetic sense used for flight orientation in the armyworm Mythimna separata.
Gene expression profiles among murine strains segregate with distinct differences in the progression of radiation-induced lung disease
Authors: Jackson Isabel L. , Baye Fitsum , Goswami Chirayu P. , Katz Barry P. , Zodda Andrew , Pavlovic Radmila , Gurung Ganga , Winans Don , Vujaskovic Zeljko
Published: January 2017

Molecular mechanisms underlying development of acute pneumonitis and/or late fibrosis following thoracic irradiation remain poorly understood. Here we hypothesize that heterogeneity in disease progression and phenotypic expression of radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) across murine strains presents an opportunity to better elucidate mechanisms driving tissue response toward pneumonitis and/or fibrosis. In this study distinct differences in disease progression were observed in age- and sex-matched CBA/J, C57L/J, and C57BL/6J mice over 1 y after graded doses of whole-thorax lung irradiation (WTLI). Separately, comparison of gene expression profiles in lung tissue 24 h postexposure demonstrated >5,000 genes to be differentially expressed (P<0.01; >2-fold change) between strains with early versus late onset of disease. An immediate divergence in early tissue response between radiation-sensitive and -resistant strains was observed. In pneumonitis-prone C57L/J mice, differentially expressed genes were enriched in proinflammatory pathways, whereas in fibrosis-prone C57BL/6J mice, genes were enriched in pathways involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis, DNA replication, and cell division. At 24 h post-WTLI, different patterns of cellular damage were observed at the ultrastructural level among strains but microscopic damage was not yet evident under light microscopy. These data point toward a fundamental difference in patterns of early pulmonary tissue response to WTLI, consistent with the macroscopic expression of injury manifesting weeks to months after exposure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying development of RILD may lead to more rational selection of therapeutic interventions to mitigate normal tissue damage.
Odobromoamide, a Terminal Alkynyl Bromide-Containing Cyclodepsipeptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Okeania sp.
Authors: Sueyoshi Kosuke , Kudo Takafumi , Yamano Aki , Sumimoto Shimpei , Iwasaki Arihiro , Suenaga Kiyotake , Teruya Toshiaki
Published: January 2017

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the Okinawan marine cyanobacterium Okeania sp. led to the isolation of the novel cyclodepsipeptide odobromoamide (1). The gross structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analyses, and its absolute stereochemistry was determined using a variety of different methods, including chemical derivatization and degradation followed by HPLC analysis. In addition, odobromoamide (1) exhibited broad-spectrum cytotoxicity against a human cancer cell line panel.
A Theory of Patent Portfolios
Authors: Choi Jay Pil , Gerlach Heiko
Published: January 2017

This paper develops a theory of patent portfolios in which firms accumulate an enormous amount of related patents, which makes it impractical to develop new products that avoid inadvertent infringement. We show that patent peace arises if product market competition is weak and patent portfolios are either sufficiently weak or sufficiently strong with comparable size. An increase in one firm's patent portfolio reduces the innovation incentives of its rivals but does not necessarily increase its own. Firms with larger patent portfolios have stronger incentives to acquire additional patents, while consumers may be better off if firms with weaker portfolios acquire them. (JEL D43, K11, L13, O34)
Incentives for Quality in Friendly and Hostile Informational Environments
Authors: Fleckinger Pierre , Glachant Matthieu , Moineville Gabrielle
Published: January 2017

We develop a model of costly quality provision under biased disclosure. We define as friendly an environment in which the disclosure probability increases with quality, and as hostile an environment in which the opposite holds. Hostile environments produce a positive externality among sellers and potentially multiple equilibria. In contrast, friendly environments always yield a unique equilibrium. We establish that the environment that maximizes quality generates signals contradicting buyers' expectations. Hence, hostility produces greater incentives for quality than friendliness when costs are low and monitoring resources high. (JEL D82, L15, L82)
Para entender o Novo Código de Processo Civil: da dignidade da pessoa humana ao devido processo legal
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Motta Francisco Borges
Published: January 2017

O presente texto visa a esclarecer e a entender o novo Código de Processo Civil, observando, a partir da dignidade humana, o devido processo legal. Estamos chamando a atenção para o fato de que o novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei n.º 13.105, de 16.3.2015) é, sem dúvida, a primeira grande regulamentação brasileira sobre Processo Civil a ser concebida em um período democrático. Como se sabe, as codificações anteriores foram concebidas em períodos de exceção (1939 e 1973). Partindo dessa premissa, foi dado um belo passo pelo legislador rumo à construção de um modelo democrático de processo. Houve, é certo, mais avanços do que retrocessos. Será demonstrada uma ligação profunda entre dignidade humana e processo democrático conforme estabelece a Constituição do Brasil, em seu art. 5º, LIV, que ninguém será privado de sua liberdade ou bens sem o devido processo legal - como se sabe, a locução devido processo legal corresponde à tradução para o português da expressão inglesa due process of Law - este é o primeiro passo para que nos aproximemos, no contexto do presente trabalho, do tema devido processo legal.
Uma análise conceitual da dignidade como fundamento dos direitos humanos e sua invocação em decisões do STF e da CIDH
Authors: Santos Rafael Seixas , Varella Marcelo Dias
Published: January 2017

O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana tem funcionado como fundamento dos Direitos Humanos de modo recorrente em Instituições de relevo nas sociedades democráticas, a exemplo do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), no Brasil, e da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH). Avaliar como a dignidade pode justificar a aplicação dos Direitos Humanos, inclusive apresentando algumas decisões dessas Cortes, como propõe este texto, contribui para tecer uma fundamentação abrangente a fim de reforçar o emprego da expressão nas diversas esferas sociais. Assim, por meio de uma construção teórica do conceito operacional “dignidade fundamentando Direitos Humanos” e da verificação de seu posicionamento em algumas decisões desses Tribunais, verifica-se a validade e a eficácia do emprego do fundamento. Ainda há amplo campo fértil para o aperfeiçoamento conceitual e para a definição de paradigmas de emprego do fundamento.
Meios autocompositivos de resolução de conflitos coletivos: reflexões sobre a adequação da técnica em favor da efetividade
Authors: Thibau Tereza Cristina Sorice Baracho , Reis Ludmila Costa
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar as normas que disciplinam os meios autocompositivos de resolução de conflitos no direito brasileiro e confrontá-las com a sua possibilidade de aplicação aos conflitos coletivos. Busca-se problematizar a aplicação das técnicas de conciliação, negociação e mediação às diversas espécies de conflitos, tendo em vista seus traços distintivos. Pretende-se demonstrar que, diante das características inerentes aos conflitos coletivos, impõe-se a busca por soluções técnicas adequadas, sob pena de comprometimento dos resultados consensuais almejados. Assim, apresenta-se a mediação como meio autocompositivo potencialmente adequado para a resolução de conflitos coletivos, desde que seja considerada a necessidade de adequação da técnica às peculiaridades apontadas.
Repensando as fontes do direito na sociedade da informação
Authors: Cunha Paulo Ferreira da
Published: January 2017

Na linha do que temos vindo a fazer noutros artigos para ramos específicos do Direito e da sua Filosofia (nomeadamente o Penal e o Internacional), o presente artigo recua até aos mais primeiros fundamentos da Teoria do Direito: a questão das fontes. É um rememorar de coisas sabidas e o seu problematizar, depois de muito caminho e experiência percorrida.
Princípio da Ordem Pública no indeferimento de homologação de sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras no Brasil: quando a imprecisão pode levar à desnecessidade
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo
Published: January 2017

O artigo enfrenta a aplicação do princípio da ordem pública na homologação da sentença arbitral estrangeira pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça. O tema é objeto de extenso debate ainda não totalmente consolidado na doutrina e nas cortes. Utilizando-se como marco teórico as concepções delineadas por Jacob Dolinger, desde 1979, indicando a dificuldade e a imprecisão na definição do conteúdo da ordem pública, sugere-se que os indeferimentos dos pedidos de homologação poderiam ter ocorrido sem qualquer alusão à violação à ordem pública. A base da pesquisa consistiu nas sentenças estrangeiras contestadas no período de 2006-2015. Dela, delimitaram-se seis casos cujos pedidos de homologação foram indeferidos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça na matéria. Aponta-se que as fundamentações poderiam ter se dado por remissão a critérios objetivos, por exemplo, a ausência de convenção arbitral, a incompetência do juízo arbitral e/ou falta de citação regular de uma das partes - hipóteses previstas na Lei de Arbitragem Brasileira e legislação relacionada. O recurso à ordem pública era desnecessário, embora reflita a complexidade do tema.
Advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders
Authors: Woody George E.
Published: January 2017

The development of medications for treating persons with opioid use disorders has expanded the number of evidence-based treatment options, particularly for persons with the most severe disorders. It has also improved outcomes compared to psychosocial treatment alone and expanded treatment availability by increasing the number of physicians involved in treatment and the settings where patients can be treated. The medications include methadone, buprenorphine, buprenorphine/naloxone, and extended-release injectable naltrexone. Studies have shown that they are most effective when used over an extended, but as-yet-unspecified, period of time and with counseling and other services, particularly for the many with psychosocial problems. Though controversial in some cultures, well-designed studies in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Canada have demonstrated the efficacy of supervised heroin injecting for persons who responded poorly to other treatments, and this treatment option has been approved by Switzerland and a few other E.U. countries. The degree to which medication-assisted therapies are available is dependent on many variables, including national and local regulations, preferences of individual providers and their geographical location, treatment costs, and insurance policies. Greater availability of medication-assisted therapies has become a major focus in the U.S. and Canada, where there has been a marked increase in deaths associated with heroin and prescription opioid use. This paper provides a brief summary of these developments.
Comparison of color discrimination in chronic heavy smokers and healthy subjects
Authors: Fernandes Thiago Monteiro de Paiva , dos Santos Natanael Antonio
Published: January 2017

Background: Cigarette smoke is probably the most significant source of exposure to toxic chemicals for humans, involving health-damaging components, such as nicotine, hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of chronic heavy smoking on color discrimination (CD). Methods: All subjects were free of any neuropsychiatric disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. We assessed color vision for healthy heavy smokers (n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), deprived smokers (n = 15, age range 20-45 years) and healthy non-smokers (n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), using the psychophysical forced-choice method. All groups were matched for gender and education level. In this paradigm, the volunteers had to choose the pseudoisochromatic stimulus containing a test frequency at four directions (e.g., up, down, right and left) in the subtest of Cambridge Colour Test (CCT): Trivector. Results: Performance on CCT differed between groups, and the observed pattern was that smokers had lower discrimination compared to non-smokers. In addition, deprived smokers presented lower discrimination to smokers and non-smokers. Contrary to expectation, the largest differences were observed for medium and long wavelengths. Conclusions: These results suggests that cigarette smoke and chronic exposure to nicotine, or withdrawal from nicotine, affects CD. This highlights the importance of understanding the diffuse effects of nicotine either attentional bias on color vision.
Human parvovirus 4 ‘PARV4’ remains elusive despite a decade of study
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. , Sharp Colin , Simmonds Peter , Klenerman Paul
Published: January 2017

Human parvovirus 4 (‘PARV4’) is a small DNA tetraparvovirus, first reported in 2005. In some populations, PARV4 infection is uncommon, and evidence of exposure is found only in individuals with risk factors for parenteral infection who are infected with other blood-borne viruses. In other settings, seroprevalence studies suggest an endemic, age-associated transmission pattern, independent of any specific risk factors. The clinical impact of PARV4 infection remains uncertain, but reported disease associations include an influenza-like syndrome, encephalitis, acceleration of HIV disease, and foetal hydrops. In this review, we set out to report progress updates from the recent literature, focusing on the investigation of cohorts in different geographical settings, now including insights from Asia, the Middle East, and South America, and discussing whether attributes of viral or host populations underpin the striking differences in epidemiology. We review progress in understanding viral phylogeny and biology, approaches to diagnostics, and insights that might be gained from studies of closely related animal pathogens. Crucial questions about pathogenicity remain unanswered, but we highlight new evidence supporting a possible link between PARV4 and an encephalitis syndrome. The unequivocal evidence that PARV4 is endemic in certain populations should drive ongoing research efforts to understand risk factors and routes of transmission and to gain new insights into the impact of this virus on human health.
On physiological mechanism of salivary secretion in ticks Argas persicus Oken, 1818 (Argasidae, Argas)
Authors: Мирзаева  , Mirzaeva A. , Акрамова  , Akramova F. , Хушматов  , Khushmatov S.
Published: January 2017

The anticoagulant effect of salivary secretion of ticks Argas persicus was studied. The experiments were conducted on aorta preparations isolated from the chest of white outbread rats. Isometric contraction in an isolated muscle preparation was registered by mechanotron. To determine the anticoagulant mechanism of blood plasma at deficiency of factors X, XI, IX and VIII we used the activated partial thromboplastin time. It was determined that the process of blood coagulation in rats slows down. The coagulation values depend on the concentration of tested secretions. It was found that at concentration 150 mkg /ml, the blood coagulation rate fell to 78,4 %. The role of calcium ions in regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contraction was determined. The components of salivary glands A. Persicus have a relaxation effect on the contraction of rat aortic ring preparation.
Mixed infections in pond fish of Kabardino- Balkarian Republic
Authors: Ахматова  , Akhmatova A. , Житиева  , Zhitieva M. , Казанчев  , Kazanchev M. , Иттиев  , Ittiev A.
Published: January 2017

The spread and age dynamics of mixed infections in 6 types of fish caused by Trichodina

spp., Trichodinella spp. and other parasites are studied. The method of complete parasitological

autopsy of fish was applied. The differentiation of fish parasites was conducted according to

practice standards. During the examination of 100 fish of various types the following infection

level has been determined: in carp – 52 %, European carp – 46, grass carp – 24, silver carp and

trout – 28, bighead – 14 %. 29,4 % of fish were infected with ecto- and endoparasites. Trichodina

spp. and Trichodinella spp. were detected in 18 % of European carp, 14 % of grass carp, 12 %

of trout, 10 % of silver carp, 8 % of carp, 4 % of bighead. Of the total amount 26,8 % fish were

infected with Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp., Ichthiophtirius sp. and Dactylorus sp., 31,2 %

– with Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp., nematodes and cestodes. The infection caused by

Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp. was increasing with age of the fishes and made in tiny fish 6

%, fingerling fish – 10, 2 years old fish – 20, 3 years old – 30, five years old – 39 % at intensity

of infection 19,2 expl./fish, 28,9; 36,7; 58,8 and 70,5 respectively. Carp fingerlings were infected

with 2–3 species of Trichodina spp., 6 species of Trichodina spp. and Trichodinella spp. were

detected in 3 years old fishes. A high level of infection leads to decreased productivity, condition

factors of fish, technological, commercial and sanitary characteristics of fish production.
Efficacy of the supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole against nematodiasis in sheep
Authors: Скира  , Skira V. , Душкин  , Dushkin A. , Чистяченко  , Chistyachenko Yu. , Халиков  , Khalikov S. , Радионов  , Radionov A. , Белова  , Belova E. , Садова  , Sadova A. , Садов  , Sadov K. , Лимова  , Limova Yu. , Варламова  , Varlamova A. , Архипов  , Arkhipov I.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to study the anthelmintic efficacy of the supramolecular complex of

Fenbendazole used against different nematode species in sheep

Materials and methods: Experiments were carried out on young sheep spontaneously

infected with gastrointestinal strongylates (48 head), Dictyocaulus filaria (42 head), Strongyloides

papillosus (21 head) и Trichocephalus ovis (24 head). In each helminthiasis, the supramolecular

complex of Fenbendazole was given once orally to sheep from various groups at the dose of 3,0;

2,0 and 1,0 mg a.i./kg in comparison with the base preparation Fenbendazole at the doses of 1,0

and 3,0 mg/kg. Sheep which didn’t receive the drug served as controls.

The efficacy of drugs was evaluated before and 18 days after dehelmintization according to the

results of coprolarvoscopic examination by flotation and G. Baermann methods. The registration

of drug activity was performed using the «control test».

Results and discussion: Anthelmintic efficacy was studied and a therapeutic dose for the

supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole produced by chemical mechanical technology using

the Drug Delivery System was determined. In gastrointestinal strongylatoses the supramolecular

complex against D. filaria. at the doses of 3,0; 2,0 and 1,0 mg a.i./kg showed the efficacy of 100;

93,4 and 78% , respectively.

The efficacy of supramolecular complex at the dose of 3,0 mg/kg against S. papillosus was

100 %, and against T. ovis - 98,3 % at 10–13% efficacy of the base preparation Fenbendazole at

the dose of 1,0 mg/kg. The therapeutic dose for the supramolecular complex at main nematodiasis

in sheep was 3,0 mg a.i./kg.
Screening of new chemotherapeutic agents to combat fish diseases caused by parasitic diplomaragnidae (Diplomonadida Wenyon, 1926)
Authors: Дмитриева  , Dmitrieva S. , Бычкова  , Bychkova L. , Гаврилин  , Gavrilin K. , Мамыкина  , Mamykina G.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The purpose of the study – screening of new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hexamita ornamental fish. Materials and methods. The test drugs were performed on juveniles of the discus Symphysodon discus a body mass of 15 g, spontaneously infested hexamitidae (Diplomonadida). 35 discus of the infected individuals were divided into 7 groups of 5 copies of the Fish 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6th groups were appointed in the composition of granulated feed, respectively pyrimethamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg albendazole – 50, fenbendazole – 50, mebendazole – 10, magnesium sulfate – 500 and metronidazole in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days. Fish 7 the first group was control and received feed without the drug. The effectiveness was considered after 5 days after the last Dachi medicated feed. Fish were dissected, the intestines were isolated, which were released from the food pulp, homogenized, and were studied by optical microscopy at a magnification of 180 times. Results and discussion. The number of examined in treated fish compared with the control decreased after the application of metronidazole by 95.5 %, mebendazole – 77.8, magnesium sulfate, which is 74.5, fenbendazole – by 56.6, albendazole – 50.5 and pyrimethamine – 24.4 %. Advanced for further testing are mebendazole, magnesium sulphate, fenbendazole and albendazole. The most effective was a basic drug – metronidazole. During the test degradation of fish were noted. Food activity was moderate at the level of 2% of ichthyomass. In fish treated with metronidazole, mebendazole and magnesium sulfate, have improved the condition.
The effectiveness of Albena and Albena in combination with T- and b-activin a in experimental dictyocaulus lambs
Authors: Дегтяревская  , Degtyarevskaya T.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The aim of the research was to investigate the anthelmintic efficiency

of Albena and Albena in combination with T and b-activin a in experimental dictyocaulus lambs.

Materials and methods. Test Albena with 20 % of albendazole and Albena in combination

with T and b-a activin is carried out at the experimental dictyocaulus lambs in August – September

2013 on 18 crossbred lambs aged 4-5 months, free from infection, as confirmed by the results

coprevalence studies by the method of Berman and flotation. Lambs infected with invasive

larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria at a dose of 1000 copies/goal. by providing them with water for oral

administration. In 30 days after infection the lambs were divided into 3 equal groups of 6 animals

each and were kept in machines under conditions that prevent spontaneous infection of lambs.

Lambs of the first group was administered individually orally Albin in the form of 20% of granulated

powder in a dose of 5 mg/kg DW of 0.25 g of granules per 10 kg of body weight. Animals of the

second group asked Albin the same dose and subcutaneously T-activin in a dose of 2 mg/kg

once a day for 1, 3 and 7 days and b-activin in a dose of 5 μg/kg intramuscularly once a day for

5 days. The third group of lambs was used and served as control. The efficacy of the drug was

determined by helminthological autopsy of the lungs of lambs 15 days after deworming.

Results and discussion. Obtained a 100% efficacy of treatment of lambs with Albena in

combination with T and b-activin. Albin at a dose of 5 mg/kg showed 92,3% effective against D.

filaria imaginal. Interenvironment lambs of the control group was 23.5±2,4 EKZ/goal.
Effectiveness of anthelmintic helminthiasis of the digestive tract of cattle in West Kazakhstan region
Authors: Кубалиева  , Kubalieva M. , Кармалиев  , Karmaliev R.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The purpose of the study is to test the effectiveness of anthelmintic helminthiasis of the digestive tract of cattle and to offer practices for the most effective of them. Materials and methods. Tests of anthelmintic held in LLP “Diet” West Kazakhstan region 40 animals, spontaneously infested strangulate of the digestive tract. Cattle were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. Animals of the first group was administered ivermec 1% solution intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg at ET rate of 0.02 ml/kg Animals of the second group asked alot oral-suspension in a dose of 7.5 mg/kg on ET rate of 0.75 ml/kg of Levamisole was administered subcutaneously to animals of the 3rd group at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg. Animals of the fourth group was used and served as control. The effectiveness of the drugs considered through 18 days after deworming according to the results Koprivshtitsa studies by flotation using counting chambers WIKIS and efficiency calculation type “control test”. Results and discussion. In the first group the efficacy was 100%. In the second group, EE – 90%, IE-98,9%. In the third group EE-80%, IE-98,5%. In the fourth group the invasion of animals has not significantly changed and amounted to 108,1 beginning of the experiment and after 18 days of 110.4 of strongest. Thus, ivermec is most effective during the helminthiasis of the digestive tract of cattle.
Efficacy of drug alvet-suspension when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep under conditions west Kazakhstan region
Authors: Кужебаева  , Kuzhebaeva U. , Кармалиев  , Karmaliev R.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of alvetsuspension when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep. Materials and methods. Test alvet-suspension was carried out in LLP “Diet” West Kazakhstan region 40 sheep, spontaneously infested strangulate of the digestive tract. Sheep were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The sheep of the first group asked alot oral-suspension in a dose of 5 mg/kg on ET rate of 0.05 ml/kg Animals of the second group was administered ivermec 1% solution intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg at ET rate of 0.02 ml/kg of Levamisole was administered subcutaneously to sheep 3-the third group at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg Animals of the fourth group was used and served as control. The effectiveness of the drugs considered through 18 days after deworming according to the results Koprivshtitsa studies by flotation using counting chambers WIKIS and efficiency calculation type “control test”. Results and discussion. Extendedrequest (EE) and intensifications (IE) alvita-suspension was respectively 90 and 96 %. 9 out of 10 treated Alvestam-suspension of the first group of animals freed from worms. In the second group, which used ivermec, worming released 9 of the 10 treated animals. EE and IE was 90 and 95 %. In the third group, which used the levamisole, the worms have released 7 of the 10 treated animals. EE and EI were 70 and 78 %. The low efficiency of levamisole compared with other drugs can be explained by the development of resistance to the action of strongest of the digestive tract, as this anthelmintic was used previously. During the experience the invasion of animals of the control groups were not significantly changed. Alvetsuspension 10 % in a dose of 5 mg/kg in a production environment is a highly effective drug when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep.
The inactivation of helminth eggs with the narrow-bandwidth radiation of excimer lamps
Authors: Липатов  , Lipatov E. , Соснин  , Sosnin Eduard , Авдеев  , Avdeev S.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to study the inactivation of eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and

Diphyllobothrium latum in the water by the narrowband ultraviolet excimer lamp radiation 222 and

282 nm depending on the surface radiation dose.

Materials and methods: Helminth eggs were detected by the Kato technique. The revealed

eggs were flushed into a plastic container with the distilled water and exposed to UV. The

inactivation of eggs was confirmed by the method of optical microscopy.

Results and discussion: It was found that the recovery of helminth eggs from water was 40-

70% more efficient by using UV radiation at 222 nm than at 282 nm.

In addition, the surface radiation dose at 222 nm (up to 5 mJ/cm2) was one order less than at

282 nm (up to 100 mJ/cm2).

Up to 30 % of the initial amount of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 282 nm

surface radiation dose (up to 100 mJ/cm2).

Up to 85 % of the initial quantity of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 222 nm

radiation on the water surface (up to 5 mJ/cm2).

Up to 56 % of Diphyllobothrium latum eggs were inactivated at the comparable 222 nm surface

radiation dose.

Due to the higher photon energy, the more intensive shortwave radiation at 222 nm breaks

shells of Opisthorchis felineus eggs more effectively.

We have a reason to suppose that some features of Diphyllobothrium latum egg shells make

its inactivation at 222 nm less efficient in comparison with the inactivation of Opisthorchis felineus

eggs at the same wavelength of radiation.