bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF THE EXPOSURE-IN-OIL ON THE CONTACT ANGLE OF THE POLYMERS FORMING SLIDING LAYERS IN HYDRODYNAMIC BEARINGS
Authors: ZORN Justyna , WASILCZUK Michał
Published: September 2018

Polymers used as the sliding layers of hydrodynamic thrust bearings are typically thermoplastics characterized by relatively high values of contact angles when compared with metals. Metals, including Babbitt, or other bearing alloys, are characterized by low values of the contact angles. The lower the angle, the better the surface is wetted. Plastics used in tribological pairs to ensure a lower coefficient of friction, that is, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or its composites, have several times higher contact angles compared to the bearing alloys. The research described below shows the effect of the exposure-in-oil contact angle of the polymer layer applied on a hydrodynamic sliding bearing. The conducted study showed the beneficial effects of oil on the reduction of the contact angle.
FRETTING CORROSION OF COBALT AND TITANIUM IMPLANT ALLOYS IN SIMULATED BODY FLUIDS
Authors: SULEJ-CHOJNACKA Joanna , WIELOWIEYSKA-GIERTUGA Agnieszka , MRÓZ Adrian , DELFOSSE Daniel
Published: September 2018

The most important advantage of using modular hip joint endoprostheses is the possibility to adapt the endoprosthesis to the morphology and size of individual patients. However, the additional contact surface is subjected to fretting wear due to mutual micro displacements and the aggressive chemistry of the environment inside the human body (fretting corrosion). Today’s hip endoprostheses are generally composed of a hip stem, a femoral ball head and an acetabular cup (Figure 1). The hip stem is made of stainless steel, CoCrMo or a Ti alloys. The femoral ball head is made of stainless steel, CoCrMo, or a ceramic material. In the case of a modular hip stem, i.e. with a modular neck portion, the materials used are generally CoCrMo and Ti6Al 4V. (The interface between femoral ball head and the acetabular cup is an articulating surface and not the subject of this research project.) In this framework, a comparative study of the fretting corrosion resistance of the three most common metallic material combinations occurring in a modular, the non-articulating connection of total hip joint endoprostheses (CoCrMo-CoCrMo, CoCrMo-Ti6Al4V, and Ti6Al4V-Ti6Al4V) was undertaken. Studies were performed with a tribological tester, working in articulating-reciprocating motion, integrated with a potentiostat equipped with a tri-electrode system. The tribosystem consisted of a fixed stem pressed with a constant force to a plate performing the reciprocating motion of a predetermined frequency and amplitude. The tests were performed in diluted bovine serum at 37°C. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the greatest resistance to corrosion in static conditions was exhibited by the CoCrMo-CoCrMo friction pair, while the lowest ΔE value was obtained by CoCrMo-Ti6Al4V. It also confirmed the existence of a correlation between the intensity of the depassivation process caused by the mechanical destruction of the surface layer and the friction resistance values in the tribological system.
Protection of private property expropriation
Authors: Muzyczka Karolina
Published: September 2018

The basic law related to real estate/property is the right of ownership. It is the basic institution of property law in Poland and together with property ownership and the right of inheritance, is constitutionally protected. The provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, which set the standards for protection of property rights, are heterogeneous. This results both from their location in the basic law and from the wording. There are provisions in the form of constitutional principles, provisions expressing subjective rights, as well as provisions providing procedural guarantees for the implementation of the former. This multitude of forms creates some interpretative difficulties, the resolution of which is often dealt with by the Constitutional Tribunal. The considerations in the paper are based on various research methods, especially on the dogmatic and legal method. The author discusses achievements of jurisprudence and doctrine with respect to property rights, regulations of the Constitution, expropriation in civil law, judicature of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and other Polish courts as well as acts of international law e.g. the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
THE IDEA OF RELOCATION OF DISPOSABLE RESOURCES IN WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS WITH REGARD TO GROUNDWATER-DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS – THE WISŁOKA CATCHMENT CASE STUDY
Authors: OLESIUK Grzegorz , PRAŻAK Jan , PRZYTUŁA Elżbieta , Freiwald Piotr
Published: September 2018

In 2013–2019, PGI-NRI carries out a project documenting groundwater disposable resources for conducting water-economic balances. Among the balance areas documented directly by the PGI-NRI is the Wisłoka catchment and part of the Wielopolka catchment covering the Flysch Carpathians. The geological and structural structure of the Wisłoka catchment brings about the diversification of hydrogeological conditions, and the largest amounts of groundwater are found in the Quaternary formations of river valleys. Disposable resources were located within them due to the thick (considering the Carpathian conditions) packages of well-permeable sediments. In a situation when part of disposable resources (calculated by the hydrological method) could not be used in a given drainage basin, due to exceeded permissible groundwater table reduction in protected areas, it was decided to transfer unused reserves to balance areas of midwives in lower sections of rivers in a manner that does not interfere with the protection of their minimum acceptable flows.
Race, Place, and Memory
Authors: Mulrooney Margaret M.
Published: September 2018

A revealing work of public history that shows how communities remember their pasts in different ways to fit specific narratives, Race, Place, and Memory charts the ebb and flow of racial violence in Wilmington, North Carolina, from the 1730s to the present day. Margaret Mulrooney argues that white elites have employed public spaces, memorials, and celebrations to maintain the status quo. The port city has long celebrated its white colonial revolutionary origins, memorialized Decoration Day, and hosted Klan parades. Other events, such as the Azalea Festival, have attempted to present a false picture of racial harmony to attract tourists. And yet, the revolutionary acts of Wilmington’s African American citizens—who also demanded freedom, first from slavery and later from Jim Crow discrimination—have gone unrecognized. As a result, beneath the surface of daily life, collective memories of violence and alienation linger among the city’s black population. Mulrooney describes her own experiences as a public historian involved in the centennial commemoration of the so-called Wilmington Race Riot of 1898, which perpetuated racial conflicts in the city throughout the twentieth century. She shows how, despite organizers’ best efforts, a white-authored narrative of the riot’s contested origins remains. Mulrooney makes a case for public history projects that recognize the history-making authority of all community members and prompts us to reconsider the memories we inherit.
Queering the Redneck Riviera
Authors: Watkins III Jerry T.
Published: September 2018

After World War II, increasing numbers of southerners began populating the beaches of North Florida thanks to expanding automobility, better roads, and the new civic virtue: leisure spending. This inaugurated fierce competition for tourist dollars as motels, amusements, and restaurants replaced sand dunes at an ever-increasing rate. The quest for tourists had dramatic impact inland as well, as county governments, state-level commissions, and politicians grappled with maintaining a favorable public image in the search for increased revenue. Conflicts over how best to capitalize on tourism and sell their slice of “The Sunshine State” erupted as municipalities sought to purge an ever-shifting array of undesirables, exemplified by the slogan changes from “Redneck Riviera” to the aspirational “Miracle Strip” or “Emerald Coast.” Gay men, lesbians, and the otherwise queer were an essential part of “The Sunshine State.” Placing them at the center of this story exposes the unique interactions of capitalism, tourism, sexuality, and space. More than just a story of repression, this work also seeks to illuminate the fun that could be had on what came to be known as “The USA’s Gay Riviera” by the early 1990s. Using oral histories, newspapers, and a variety of other sources, this work recovers stories of campy LGBT beach parties, forgotten gay bars, and friendship networks that spanned the South.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E CONTAGEM DE COLIFORMES TOTAIS E
TERMOTOLERANTES DE ALMÔNDEGAS ELABORADAS COM CARNE DE CAPIVARA E
DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE BACON
Authors: Castro Cunha Gabriella , Cristine Rosário Silva Brena , da Silva Pedro Diego , Matias Pinto Vilson , Ramatiz Lima dos Santos Márcio , Fernandes da Cunha Waldeliza
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meatballs prepared with capybara meat
and different concentrations of pork bacon. Three formulations of capybara meatballs were
prepared: one with 100% of capybara meat and the other with 10 and 20% of pork bacon added.
Coliforms were carried out at 35 and 45ºC of the meatball samples, in addition to pH, titratable
acidity, moisture and ash determinations. In relation to the physical-chemical determinations, the
results were submitted to analysis of variance and the differences of the means compared by
Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. The results of the microbiological analyzes were
evaluated in a descriptive way. The experimental design was completely randomized. All physicalchemical
and microbiological determinations were performed in triplicate. Coliform analyzes
showed that the meatballs were fit for consumption and the physicochemical results are in
acceptable levels.
AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E ROTULAGEM DE DIFERENTES
MARCAS DE LEITE UHT INTEGRAL
Authors: Alves de Sousa Rodrigo , Silva Batista Soares Dayana , Godinho Pinto Ellen , Ventura de Lima e Silva Brenda
Published: September 2018

Milk is a very important food in human food, thanks to its nutritious content. UAT (Ultra High
Temperature) or Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk is the homogenised milk that has been
submitted for 2 to 4 seconds at a temperature of 130 ° C to 150 ° C. Among the various
components of milk are water , In greater quantity, fat, proteins and carbohydrates. The objective
of this study was to evaluate UHT whole milk milks, commercial brands in the southern region of
Goiás, as well as their physico-chemical characteristics and to compare the results with the current
legislation standards and the information contained in the labels. To evaluate the physicochemical
quality of the UHT milk, it was evaluated cryoscopic index, density, titratable acidity, pH,
fat content and total dry extract (EST) and defatted (ESD). The results were compared with the
quality standards established by the legislation. Sample labels were reviewed for legislation on
general labeling, nutritional labeling, allergy and intolerance information. The samples analyzed
52
Colloquium Agrariae, vol. 13, n. Especial 2, Jan–Jun, 2017, p. 51-59. ISSN: 1809-8215. DOI: 10.5747/ca.2017.v13.nesp2.000208
presented acidity (ranging from 15.00 ± 0.12 to 15,60 ± 0,26 ºD), pH (from 6.66 ± 0.01 to 6.74 ±
0.02, cryoscope index (- 0.535 ± 0.003 at -0.538 ± 0.002), dry extract defatted (8.35 ± 0.14% at 8.83
± 0.03%), density (1.029 ± 1.270 g / L at 1.032 ± 0.461) in accordance with B, C and D presented
mean values of fat, 2.9 ± 0.06%, 2.9 ± 0.13%, and 2.80 ± 0.12%, respectively, below. Of the
legislation and only the B mark had a lower EST value (11.25 ± 0.09%) than the legislation.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SILAGEM DE MILHO E A QUALIDADE DO LEITE DOS PRODUTORES
DA REGIÃO DE MORRINHOS GOIÁS
Authors: de Almeida Sousa Karoline , Santos Cezário Andréia , Correia Ribeiro Jeferson , Barbacena Rosa dos Santos Wallacy , Neves Pereira Valente Tiago , Sousa Camargos Aline , Maria Bianchini Oliveira Eliandra , Messias de Souza Crislaine
Published: September 2018

Cow's milk is a food of high nutritional value for human diet, however, there is a need to comply
with the norms suggested by Normative Instruction 62, to meet quality parameters. The objective
of this work was to evaluate the quality of corn silage and milk, to verify if they are in accordance
with the current legislation IN 62 and to verify the influence of the level of technification of some
producers of the region of Morrinhos Goiás. Of the region, and applied a questionnaire to identify
the degree of technification, classified as Specialized (ES), Semi-Specialized (SE). At the same time
silage samples were collected at different points in the silos to evaluate pH, dry matter (DM), ash
and crude protein (CP). Somatic cell counts (CCS), bacterial counts (CBT), fat and protein were
quantified to evaluate milk quality. It was verified that the silage samples were with high
percentage of ash, which causes loss in their quality. There was no difference between levels of
gross protein technology. The CCS of the SE system was 392.40 higher than in the ES, CBT obtained
higher value in ES. All variables are within the limits required by IN 62.
Evaluative Conditioning as Memory-Based Judgment
Authors: Stahl Christoph , Aust Frederik
Published: September 2018

The article proposes a view of evaluative conditioning (EC) as resulting from judgments based on learning instances stored in memory. It is based on the formal episodic memory model MINERVA 2. Additional assumptions specify how the information retrieved from memory is used to inform specific evaluative dependent measures. The present approach goes beyond previous accounts in that it uses a well-specified formal model of episodic memory; it is however more limited in scope as it aims to explain EC phenomena that do not involve reasoning processes. The article illustrates how the memory-based-judgment view accounts for several empirical findings in the EC literature that are often discussed as evidence for dual-process models of attitude learning. It sketches novel predictions, discusses limitations of the present approach, and identifies challenges and opportunities for its future development.
Mechanical irritation by protruding bone: A possible cause of breast implant rupture
Authors: Aitzetmüller Matthias Michael , Haslhofer David Johannes , Wenny Raphael , Schmidt Manfred , Duscher Dominik , Huemer Georg Michael
Published: September 2018

Although breast implants have been in clinical use for almost 6 decades and have undergone considerable development during this time, implant rupture is still a dreaded long-term complication. Some obvious external factors, such as trauma, can lead to implant rupture, but many studies have reported a high rate of “spontaneous” implant rupture. Herein, we present two cases with the aim of raising awareness of a new possible cause of “spontaneous” implant rupture: mechanical irritation by bony protrusions.
National perioperative outcomes of flap coverage for pressure ulcers from 2005 to 2015 using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Tran Bao Ngoc N. , Chen Austin D. , Kamali Parisa , Singhal Dhruv , Lee Bernard T. , Fukudome Eugene Y.
Published: September 2018

Background Complication rates after flap coverage for pressure ulcers have been high historically. These patients have multiple risk factors associated with poor wound healing and complications including marginal nutritional status, prolonged immobilization, and a high comorbidities index. This study utilizes the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to examine perioperative outcomes of flap coverage for pressure ulcers.

Methods Data from the NSQIP database (2005–2015) for patient undergoing flap coverage for pressure ulcers was identified. Demographic, perioperative information, and complications were reviewed. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson chi-square were used to assess differences for continuous variables and nominal variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for complications.

Results There were 755 cases identified: 365 (48.3%) sacral ulcers, 321 (42.5%) ischial ulcers, and 69 (9.1%) trochanteric ulcers. Most patients were older male, with some degree of dependency, neurosensory impairment, high functional comorbidities score, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or above. The sacral ulcer group had the highest incidence of septic shock and bleeding, while the trochanteric ulcer group had the highest incidence of superficial surgical site infection. There was an overall complication rate of 25% at 30-day follow-up. There was no statistical difference in overall complication among groups. Total operating time, diabetes, and non-elective case were independent risk factors for overall complications.

Conclusions Despite patients with poor baseline functional status, flap coverage for pressure ulcer patients is safe with acceptable postoperative complications. This type of treatment should be considered for properly selected patients.
Les services écosystémiques urbains, vers une multifonctionnalité des espaces verts publics
Authors: Mehdi Lotfi , Weber Christiane , Di Pietro Francesca , Selmi Wissal
Published: September 2018

Les services écosystémiques ont été étudiés dans le milieu urbain avant même la publication du rapport du Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) en 2005. La nécessité de prendre en compte la multifonctionnalité des espaces verts dans l’élaboration des documents d’urbanisme est fortement suggérée. Ainsi, l’objectif de notre étude est de discuter la question : comment concrétiser la transition des espaces verts publics, d’un décor à un équipement urbain multifonctionnel, en valorisant leurs services ? Une synthèse de 170 articles sur la caractérisation des services écosystémiques a permis d’identifier entre autres 56 services. La planification des trames vertes urbaines apparaît comme une opportunité de valorisation des services écosystémiques fournis par la végétation.
Centralités des espaces périphériques et complémentarités territoriales : un enjeu de durabilité pour la Région Urbaine de Grenoble
Authors: Chardonnel Sonia , Talandier Magali , Tabaka Kamila , André-Poyaud Isabelle
Published: September 2018

Cet article interroge le rôle des espaces périphériques dans la mise en œuvre d’un développement urbain durable à l’échelle régionale. Grâce à une analyse statistique des données de mobilité individuelle quotidienne de la région urbaine de Grenoble (France), nous montrons comment les déplacements des habitants motivés par les activités de travail, d’achat et de loisir, révèlent une hiérarchie urbaine régionale polycentrique. Nos résultats permettent d’identifier des centralités dans les espaces périphériques et de dresser une typologie caractérisant leurs fonctions relativement aux motifs de déplacements. Cette typologie nous permet de discuter l’intérêt d’une analyse à cette échelle pour identifier les complémentarités potentielles à développer entre les différents pôles.
IV Jornada de Cultura Jurídica. Dolor y Derecho
Authors: Vial-Dumas Manuel , Martínez Zorrilla David
Published: September 2018

El pasado 6 de abril de 2018 se celebró, en la Facultad de Derecho de la UdG (Campus Montilivi), la IV Jornada del Cultura Jurídica, organizada por los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC y la Cátedra de Cultura Jurídica de la Universitat de Girona.
A short history of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia-0
Authors: Somssich Marc
Published: September 2018

75 Years ago Arabidopsis thaliana was first suggested as a Model Plant – But how did Arabidopsis Col-0 become the standard natural accession? This is a short history of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia-0.
Development of polymorphic EST-SSR markers and characterization of the autotetraploid in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
Authors: Shen Shuheng , Chai Xutian , Luo Dong , Wang Yanrong , Liu Zhipeng
Published: September 2018

Background: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a highly nutritious, tannin-containing, and tetraploid forage legume. Due to the lack of detailed transcriptomic and genomic information on this species, genetic and breeding projects for sainfoin improvement have been significantly hindered.

Methods: In this study, a total of 24,630,711 clean reads were generated from 14 different sainfoin tissues using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and deposited in the NCBI SRA database (SRX3763386). From these clean reads, 77,764 unigene sequences were obtained and 6,752 EST-SSRs were identified using denovo assembly. A total of 2,469 primer pairs were designed, and 200 primer pairs were randomly selected to analyze the polymorphism in five sainfoin wild accessions.

Results: Further analysis of 40 sainfoin individuals from the five wild populations using 61 EST-SSR loci showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15, and the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.55 to 0.91. Additionally, by counting the EST-SSR band number and sequencing the three or four bands in one sainfoin individual, sainfoin was confirmed to be autotetraploid. This finding provides a high level of information about this plant.

Discussion: Through this study, 61 EST-SSR markers were successfully developed and shown to be useful for genetic studies and investigations of population genetic structures and variabilities among different sainfoin accessions.
Cuba en el entorno regional: las relaciones con América Latina y el Caribe en el cambiante contexto regional
Authors: Serbin Andrés
Published: September 2018

This article offers a series of considerations concerning Cubas role in the post-Cold War regional and global contexts. The author analyzes the country 's diverse efforts to strengthen its foreign policy tozvards other Latín American nations, with the goal of delinking its relations with the región from the influence ofthe United States. Special emphasis is placed upon the relationship that Fidel Castro has built with Venezuelan president, Hugo Chávez,as an alternative means of expanding Cuba 's margins of action ow an external level. Notwithstanding such efforts, the article concludes that the country 's possibilities for enhanríng its foreign relations continúes to be hampered by U.S. policy.
La política exterior de la Administración Pastrana (1998-2002). Hacia una evaluación preliminar
Authors: Cardona Cardona Diego
Published: September 2018

This article examines the principal characteristics of Colombian foreign policy during the administration of Andrés Pastrana. A series of general tendencies in the country 's international relations are highlighted with the goal of situating the postures adopted during the period under study. The author's analysis focuses on the implications of Colombia 's domestic crisis for its foreign policy strategies towards distinct regions of the world. lt is concluded that the emphasis placed upon the country's bilateral relations with the United States has impeded the strengthening of ties with other countries, as well as the creation ofmore positive approaches to the múltiple problems that Colombia faces at present.
Capitalismo, control y resistencia
Authors: Donjuán Eduardo , Tickner Arlene B.
Published: September 2018

This article explores the ways in which the dialectical relationship between power and resistance manifests itselfin specific strategies of control characteristic of global capitalism. The emergence ofnew regulatory and disciplinary mechanisms, in particular within the sphere of cultural consumption, leads to distinct forms of resistance. In consequence, the authors' explore the varied meanings ofthe concept of resistance within a globalized world order.
El conflicto Cuba-Estados Unidos de América: notas para una reflexión en el contexto de la lucha contra el terrorismo
Authors: Castro Soraya
Published: September 2018

The author analyzes the hardening of United States policy towards Cuba during the government of George W. Bush1 as well as the evolution of bilateral relations within the context of the global war against terrorism. Within this discussion, the text highlights the contrast between the executive’s hard-line policy and the progressive opening in the position of both Democrats and Republicans within the U.S. Congress, and the Bush administration’s insistence upon classifying Cuba as a terrorist country, in disregard of Fidel Castro's systematic efforts to demonstrate the island’s willingness to cooperate in counterterrorist efforts.
Estados Unidos y Venezuela: una relación necesaria
Authors: Romero Carlos
Published: September 2018

The author identifies Hugo Chávez’s electoral victory and the implementation of a new type of democracy as two factors that transformed Venezuelan foreign policy, and in particular, the bilateral relationship with the United States. Chavez’s international activism, in addition to his Bolivarian policy signaled a shift from “safe partner” to “partner with reservations” in the country’s relations with Washington. Although Venezuela considered itself a Latin American showcase in previous years, the text argues that Chavez s populist tendencies, his critical posture towards the promotion of democracy and human rights, and his supposed links with Colombian guerrillas has Ied to a “wait-and-see” policy characterized by high levels of caution on the part of the United States.
Del puntofijismo a la Quinta República: elecciones y democracia en Venezuela
Authors: Kornblith Miriam
Published: September 2018

The primary objective of this article is to demonstrate that political stability in Venezuela depends upon the relationship between collective political preferences and the decisions made by elected officials. The author analyzes electoral patterns in the country between 1989 and 2000, in order to evaluate the effects of the Punto Fijo Pact, created in 1958, the reasons for President Hugo Chávez’s political strengthening, and his efforts to “recreate the republic”.
Emigrantes colombianos en el sur de la Florida: el recibimiento es poco acogedor
Authors: Collier Michael W.
Published: September 2018

This text is based upon a pilot project undertaken by Florida International University that seeks to explain the significant migratory flux of Colombians to southern Florida between 1996 and 2002, and the reasons for their prompt return. The author explores the different theoretical perspectives that have sought to provide answers to this phenomenon, determined by a variety of political, economic and social factors. It is argued that in order to capture the complexity of said factors, one must employ interdisciplinary theories similar to the extensive theory of equilibrium.
Galería de partes. Cuerpos globales, presas locales
Authors: Millán de Benavides Carmen
Published: September 2018

The author analyzes the ways in which globalization has reconfigured patterns of migration. In addition to entire communities displaced within and outside of Colombia’s borders, migratory patterns revolve around flight, exile or the movement of body parts, including legs, brains and reproductive organs. This text addresses distinct types of work and the bodily transactions that each entails when migration occurs; it then explores the consequent visibility or invisibility and resulting legalization or illegality of the re-location of different body parts and the creation of new spaces. Thus, while a prostitute will never receive a visa due to the danger that she represents, a football player will not only receive citizenship, but also a privileged place as raw material in the global marketplace.
La reforma a la justicia en Colombia: un movimiento amplio de globalizaciones hegemónicas
Authors: Ucrós Andrés
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the interests at play in reforming systems of global justice work to the detriment of the emancipatory potential of the liberal state, and consequently to the constitutional guarantees protecting minorities by judicial decree. Recent attempts at legal reform in Colombia, although conducted before the legislature, illustrate this phenomenon. The structure of this essay revolves around the following question: To what point does judicial reform in Latin America, in particular Colombia, favor hegemonic globalization, destabilizing the consolidation of democratic principles which seek to maximize the freedoms promised by the liberal state? Or: To what point do the privileges offered by the global capitalist market work to detriment the fundamental rights of excluded minorities and alternative world projects? The answers to these two large questions will be addressed throughout the text.
La securitización de la crisis colombiana: bases conceptuales y tendencias generales
Authors: Tickner Arlene B.
Published: September 2018

This article argues that perceptions of insecurity and threat produced by Colombia in neighboring countries are not the result of the objective consequences of the regionalization of the Colombian crisis, but rather, depend largely upon internal political dynamics in each country and the ways in which their representatives articulate specific issues as security problems. Following a general conceptual discussion of security and securitization, the author explores the primary practices of securitization that have been employed by Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. This examination allows the article to conclude that the Colombian crisis and U.S. military policy in the region are two factors that currently determine the security dynamics in this zone.
Percepciones hemisféricas sobre la crisis colombiana: el caso de Ecuador
Authors: Andrade A. Pablo
Published: September 2018

The essay describes the securitization of Ecuador’s policy regarding the Colombian conflict. The author argues that since 1999, distinct governments have adopted a policy that treats the Colombian conflict as a threat to the existential survival of Ecuador. In the first part of the essay, the author discusses the assumptions underlying this policy in light of the available empirical evidence on the effects of the armed conflict over the past five years. The second part deals with the process of securitization itself, illustrating the effects of perceptions of threat on the part of Ecuador’s decision-makers, in particular the Armed Forces. The last two sections examine the links existing between Ecuador’s policy and the regional interests of the United States, and the effects of the securitization process and its likely continuation in the future.
Cambio institucional y protesta social en Colombia 1964-2000: análisis de series de tiempo
Authors: Velasco Jaramillo Marcela
Published: September 2018

This work evaluates the relationship between protests and state and citizen capacities in Colombia by way of statistical analysis. It concludes that social protests result from the loss of state capacities to contain protests and/or to protect people’s rights and well-being, and from the loss of citizen capacities to access political and economic resources in order to influence public policies. This hypothesis is examined statistically using time series regressions and factor analysis.
Elecciones Perú, 2006: complejidades y paradojas de una democracia aún vulnerable
Authors: Masías Núñez Rodolfo , Segura Escobar Federico
Published: September 2018

This article offers a first approximation to the recent electoral process that took Alan García Pérez to his second presidency. This is a process for which is not possible to give concluding remarks, mostly because of how recent it is and the lack of information available. With the intention to inform, we make some reflections germane to the Peruvian political debate. The article describes the first and second rounds and the factors that help explain the results, especially Alan García’s victory of and the resulting party composition of Congress. In its closing section, the article advances some general conclusions about the process.
Diagnóstico de la política exterior colombiana - una visión desde el Senado de la República
Authors: Galán P. Juan Manuel
Published: September 2018

A debate of the Second Commission of the Colombian Senate took place in 2006 about the governmental foreign policy. In that debate was realized that problems identified by experts in 2002 haven’t been corrected and they still happening.
Ciudadanía y civilidad: acerca del derecho a tener derechos
Authors: Villavicencio Susana
Published: September 2018

In a context of neoliberalism and deepening socioeconomic inequality in Latin America, the author analyzes the concept of citizenship and its articulation with the concept of civility. Citizenship has been defined as a status that guarantees rights and duties, liberties and restrictions, and powers and responsibilities to equal individuals. This is why the concept of citizenship occupies a central place in democratic politics. But exclusion, growing inequality and the absence of conditions for the exercise of rights shows that the concept of citizenship is insufficient and reveals a gap to fill. The need to link this concept to the expectations of recognition contained in the idea of civility leads the author to ask for the paradoxes of liberal democracy, and to question the existing gap between ideal rights and their actual exercise, which points to the extent of the task of developing a real democracy.
Luchas hegemónicas y cambio político: el avance de la izquierda suramericana en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Lazo Cividanes Jorge
Published: September 2018

The object of this article is to analyse the recent phenomenon of the left’s advance in South America. Besides considering institutional and structural factors which contribute to the comprehension of the left’s diverse expressions in the south of the continent, the analysis revolves around ideological and discursive aspects that give unity to the phenomenon. Starting from the hypothesis that the advance of the left in the region is linked to a process of hegemonic fights in societies with structural crisis, this article offers evidence that enlightens possible causal and explanatory factors of such a phenomenon from the perspective of discursive theory.
Resurgimiento minero en Perú: ¿una versión moderna de una vieja maldición?
Authors: Arellano Javier
Published: September 2018

The renewed importance of mining in the Peruvian economy and the expectation of new investments in the sector have nourished the hope of reducing the poverty levels and overcoming political instability. That is why Peru maintains itself within orthodox politics and economy. Recent governments have kept a strict macroeconomic stability and, since 2001, they have encouraged a political agenda that stresses decentralisation, participation, and collaboration between private initiatives and public institutions. However, the increase of conflicts around mining operations questions the capacity of mining to promote development. I contend that in the context of a state with important limitations, the simplistic implementation of the new political agenda generates a new form of “curse of the resources” that consists of two changes: a) the appearance of new political actors; b) the emergence of the sub-national level as the crucial space in which this “curse” is manifested.
¿Pavimentando con votos? Apropiación presupuestal para proyectos de infraestructura vial en Colombia, 2002-2006
Authors: Mejía Guinand Luis Bernardo , Botero Felipe , Rodríguez Raga Juan Carlos
Published: September 2018

This article inquires about the factors that explain budgetary allocations for road infrastructure during the first Uribe administration. Concretely, the analysis contrasts the importance of technical and political criteria in budgetary decisions. The evidence suggests that some political criteria have predominance and that technical criteria have no incidence in the definition of investment on road infrastructure. For our analysis, we created an original data set which allows us to conclude that investment decisions on roads does not respond to the social welfare function and the development model that the administration defined in its own strategic planning. Furthermore, the evidence suggests an effective schism between the administration’s technical advisors and the implementation of its policies. The data shows a positive relationship between spending on roads and holding Consejos Comunales. This finding supports the hypothesis that spending on road infrastructure is a populist measure given that those municipalities in which Consejos Comunales met received an additional $14.1 million vis-à-vis municipalities without such meetings. In the Consejos Comunales the administration commits resources allowing it to secure political support needed to stay in power. Moreover, we conclude that the administration spends more in municipalities whose mayor does not belong to the government coalition, indicating that the use of budgetary priorization as a way to buy political support in those municipalities where it was defeated in the local elections. The municipalities where the coalition won received $2.6 million less in funding than those ruled by mayors of its coalition.
New Human Rights Issues. Understanding Their Contentious Rise
Authors: Bob Clifford
Published: September 2018

Why are certain problems recognized as human rights issues, while others are not? This article focuses on the political strategies through which marginalized groups transform long standing domestic grievances into internationally-recognized human rights claims. Highlighting the interacting roles of aggrieved local groups, powerful gatekeepers in international human rights organizations, and state and civil society opponents, the article develops a four-stage model for the development of new human rights. The article also challenges constructivist theories about the formation of international norms development.
Communicative action and human rights in Colombia. When words fail
Authors: Brysk Alison
Published: September 2018

By the 21st century, in most of Latin America a phased combination of international and civil society pressure has produced notable if incomplete human rights reform. Yet in Colombia, continuing assassinations, kidnappings, forced displacement, and torture have received limited international attention and met with a checkered state response. This essay will argue that the symbolic structure of the violations and political environment in Colombia, above and beyond material and institutional constraints, diminish civil society’s impact and state responsiveness. Communicative action and its failures are the key to the persistence of abuse and lag in international response in Colombia. Specifically, we will trace problems in the definition of rights, identification of victims, legitimacy claims of the state, discourse of causal attribution, and transnational communication dynamics.
¿Qué significan los laboratorios de paz para la Unión Europea?
Authors: Castañeda Dorly
Published: September 2018

The Peace Workshops are programs for development cooperation undertaken by the European Union in Colombian conflict zones. Analyzed from the Foreign Relations perspective, the workshops are a tool of the nascent common European foreign policy. The cooperation initiatives in Colombia, a country in the American sphere of influence, are inscribed in a profile-defining process of the EU as an international actor. The article presents the Peace Workshops in Colombia to then explain what type of donor the EU tends to be, and the building process of its cooperation policy. The conclusion is reached that the Workshops are a European peacebuilding proposal that allows it to differentiate itself from the United States, as well as create for itself a place on the international stage as an actor for peace. However, the European proposal shines a light on the difficulties of establishing an international presence. Indeed, the Member States and the common institutions react in different ways to the changes that occur in the international context, transatlantic relations and the policies of the Colombian government.
Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion
Authors: Smith Katherine A , Löser Stephan , Varyani Fumi , Harcus Yvonne , McSorley Henry J , McKenzie Andrew NJ , Maizels Rick M
Published: September 2018

Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a major 'alarmin' cytokine, capable of initiating and amplifying the type immune response to helminth parasites. However, its role in the later effector phase of clearing chronic infection remains unclear. The helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes long-term infections in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but is slowly expelled in BALB/c mice from day 14 onwards. We noted that IL-25R (Il17rb)-deficient BALB/c mice were unable to expel parasites despite type 2 immune activation comparable to the wild-type. We then established that in C57BL/6 mice, IL-25 adminstered late in infection (days 14–17) drove immunity. Moreover, when IL-25 and IL-4 were delivered to Rag1-deficient mice, the combination resulted in near complete expulsion of the parasite, even following administration of an anti-CD90 antibody to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Hence, effective anti-helminth immunity during chronic infection requires an innate effector cell population that is synergistically activated by the combination of IL-4Rα and IL-25R signaling.
UBE2G1 governs the destruction of cereblon neomorphic substrates
Authors: Lu Gang , Weng Stephanie , Matyskiela Mary , Zheng Xinde , Fang Wei , Wood Scott , Surka Christine , Mizukoshi Reina , Lu Chin-Chun , Mendy Derek , Jang In Sock , Wang Kai , Marella Mathieu , Couto Suzana , Cathers Brian , Carmichael James , Chamberlain Philip , Rolfe Mark
Published: September 2018

The cereblon modulating agents (CMs) including lenalidomide, pomalidomide and CC-220 repurpose the Cul4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to induce the degradation of specific neomorphic substrates via polyubiquitination in conjunction with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, which have until now remained elusive. Here we show that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2G1 and UBE2D3 cooperatively promote the K48-linked polyubiquitination of CRL4CRBN neomorphic substrates via a sequential ubiquitination mechanism. Blockade of UBE2G1 diminishes the ubiquitination and degradation of neomorphic substrates, and consequent antitumor activities elicited by all tested CMs. For example, UBE2G1 inactivation significantly attenuated the degradation of myeloma survival factors IKZF1 and IKZF3 induced by lenalidomide and pomalidomide, hence conferring drug resistance. UBE2G1-deficient myeloma cells, however, remained sensitive to a more potent IKZF1/3 degrader CC-220. Collectively, it will be of fundamental interest to explore if loss of UBE2G1 activity is linked to clinical resistance to drugs that hijack the CRL4CRBN to eliminate disease-driving proteins.
Barriers in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Senjuti , Saha Sudipta , Saha Samir K
Published: September 2018

Research laboratories in low- and middle-income countries, where the global burden of disease is highest, face systemic challenges in conducting research and public health surveillance. An international effort is needed to overcome the paywalls, customs regulations and lack of local suppliers that hinder the scientific community in these countries.
An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan
Authors: Stack Jack , Sallan Lauren
Published: September 2018

We surveyed the taxa, ecosystems, and localities of the Devonian fishes of Michigan to provide a framework for renewed study, to learn about the diversity and number of these fishes, and to investigate their connection to other North American faunas. Nineteen genera of fishes have been found in the Middle and Late Devonian deposits of Michigan, of which thirteen are ‘placoderms’ represented by material ranging from articulated head shields to ichthyoliths. As expected from the marine nature of these deposits, ‘placoderms’ are overwhelmingly arthrodire in nature, but two genera of ptyctodonts have been reported along with less common petalichthyid material. The remaining fish fauna consists of fin-spines attributed to ‘acanthodians’, two genera of potential crown chondrichthyans, an isolated dipnoan, and onychodont teeth/jaw material. There was an apparent drop in fish diversity and fossil abundance between Middle and Late Devonian sediments. This pattern may be attributed to a paucity of Late Devonian sites, along with a relative lack of recent collection efforts at existing outcrops. It may also be due to a shift towards open water pelagic environments at Late Devonian localities, as opposed to the nearshore reef fauna preserved in the more numerous Middle Devonian localities. The Middle Devonian vertebrate fauna in Michigan shows strong connections with same-age assemblages from Ohio and New York. Finally, we document the presence of partially articulated vertebrate remains associated with benthic invertebrates, an uncommon occurrence in Devonian strata outside of North America. We anticipate this new survey will guide future field work efforts in an undersampled yet highly accessible region that preserves an abundance of fishes from a critical interval in marine vertebrate evolution.
ОЗЕРА КАЛЬДЕРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА КСУДАЧ (КАМЧАТКА): БЕРЕГОВЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И КОЛЕБАНИЯ УРОВНЯ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Лебедева Е. В.
Published: September 2018

Для позднеплейстоцен-голоценовой истории развития озер кальдерного комплекса характерны значительные колебания уровня, которые неоднократно повторялись - вероятно, при каждом извержении. Это вызывало формирование озерных террас, а также влияло на характер развития внутрикальдерной речной сети. Поступавшие на поверхность значительные объемы вулканического материала впоследствии подвергались размыву с формированием селей и образованием конусов выноса в акватории озер. Исследования 2016 г. показали, что на берегах озер Ключевое и Штюбеля в настоящее время доминируют абразионные процессы, аккумуляция наблюдается лишь в приустьевых частях рек, где идет активный вынос материала со склонов кальдеры. На берегах озер достаточно четко прослеживается четыре террасовых уровня, сложенных преимущественно пирокластическим материалом и по сути являющихся эрозионными или цокольными. Нижние террасы (3-5, 7-8 и 12-15 м) часто сопрягаются с обширными конусами выноса и на этих участках могут быть аккумулятивными. Их формирование произошло после извержения молодого конуса Штюбеля в 1907 г. и, вероятно, было обусловлено перегораживанием истока р. Теплой взрывными отложениями и последующим ее поэтапным врезанием. Формирование террасового уровня высотой 25-30 м, который фиксируется в прибортовых частях самой молодой кальдеры V, видимо, обусловлено накоплением и последующим переотложением пирокластических толщ более ранних извержений конуса Штюбеля (после кальдерообразующего извержения 1725 л.н.). Наличие хорошо выраженных абразионных ниш в плотных андезитах близ современного уреза оз. Ключевого позволяет заключить о достаточно длительном положении его уровня на таких отметках с незначительными (до 1 м) колебаниями. Наличие сцементированных прибрежно-озерных отложений характерного облика на отметках +1 м выше современного уреза озер в долинах ряда водотоков свидетельствует о том, что между формированием третьей и четвертой террас - в период, который, видимо, отличался более высокой, чем современная, гидротермальной активностью, внутрикальдерный водоем определенное время имел уровень, лишь немногим превышавший нынешний.