bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VOLCANOGENIC FORMATION OF THE UYANDINO-YASACHNAYA MAGMATIC ARC IN THE MIDSTREAM OF THE INDIGIRKA RIVER (VERKHOYANSK-KOLYMA OROGENIC REGION)
Authors: Trunilina Vera
Published: February 2023

The Uyandino-Yasachnaya magmatic arc is the largest volcanic-plutonic belt in the north-east of Russia. However, there is yet to be a consensus on the nature of the arc, despite a long study of the rocks composing it. Most researchers consider it to be an island arc formation, however, some researchers also believe that it of a riftogenic or heterogeneous nature. The arc is composed of volcanogenic-sedimentary strata of variegated composition and associated subvolcanic formations. The rocks were formed during the Oxfordian-Volgian stage; their formation either preceded that of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous granitoid massifs, or was synchronous with it. The research focused on volcanogenic and subvolcanic formations of the southeastern part of the arc in the midstream of the Indigirka River. The purpose of the research was to determine their composition and geodynamic conditions of formation. For this purpose, the study of the structure of volcanogenic strata and sub-volcanoes, their petrographic and chemical compositions, relations with granitoids was carried out. The volcanogenic strata within the territory are represented by two formations of rhyolite and their clastolavas: low-alkaline tholeiitic Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian formation and calcalkaline Medium Kimmeridgian � Early Volgian formation. The lower formation developed in the island-arc setting the upper formation developed under transitional conditions of the island-arc to the marginal-continental regime. The subvolcanic massifs have a dacite-rhyodacite composition; they intrude volcanogenic strata of both these suites and are metamorphosed near the contacts of the Early Cretaceous massifs. Their parental melt was produced at the boundary of amphibolite and dacite-tonalite substrates at maximum temperature (up to 1050oC) and pressure (up to 11.1 kbar). They are of Middle or Late Volga age and formed in the initial stages of the development of the active margin of the continent.
ZONED RARE-METAL MINERALIZATION IN THE CENTRAL KALBA AREA (EAST KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: Oitseva T. , Mizernaya M. , Kuzmina O. , Bissatova A. , Zimanovskaya N.
Published: February 2023

Currently the resources of rare metals, especially Ta, Nb, Be, and Li used in high-tech industries, are of great demand in Kazakhstan and worldwide. Main Ta, Nb, Be, Li, Sn, and W deposits in the Great Altai territory are hosted by Permian granitic belts that formed during the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny, in a postcollisional setting. The largest metallogenic structure of the Kalba-Narym granitoid belt accommodates many genetically different deposits and occurrences. Pegmatitic rare-metal deposits have vertically and laterally zoned distribution patterns, with mineralization mostly localized in the tectonically active Central Kalba ore district. The richest spodumene and pollucite pegmatites are located in the upper parts of the ore zone. The mineralization types make up the following sequence: barren oligoclase-microcline pegmatites followed by microcline-quartz-muscovite (Nb, Be), microcline-albite (Ta, Sn, Be), albite (Ta, Nb, Be, Sn), albite-spodumene greisen (Li, Ta, Be, Sn), and cleavelandite-lepidolite-pollucite-spodumene (Ta, Li, Cs, Sn) zones. The zoned patterns of rare-metal mineralization have to be taken into account in further studies.
AUTOMATION AND APPLICATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER (DCP) FOR PAVEMENT BEARING CAPACITY TESTING
Authors: Macan Tomas , Machel Ondrej , Grosek Jiri
Published: February 2023

The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a test designed to measure the bearing capacity of the subgrade during a construction of roads. It has also been used as a baring capacity test for unpaved aircraft runways and other transport areas. Nowadays, CBR is used as a proof and control test in evaluating the bearing capacity of subgrade and structural layers of roads. A distinction is made between the laboratory test and the in-situ test, which is nowadays no longer widely used. This is due to several reasons. It is primarily about the physical demands of performing the test. Another limiting factor is that it can only be used in case of fine-grained materials.
This paper deals with the development of an automatic lightweight dynamic cone penetrometer, verification of its functionality in the laboratory geotechnical field, describing the progress and results of comparative measurements with mechanical DCP. Also, the CBR values obtained by the classical way from the collected samples and the CBR obtained by recalculation from the measured values by the automatic DCP in-situ will be compared.
CLASSIFICATION OF FACTORS OF GEOLOGICAL RISK FOR INTERMEDIATE DEPTH TUNNELING IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Ihm Myeong-Hyeok
Published: February 2023

For the geological risk assessment of intermediate underground condition by excavation work, since rocks and geologic structure of each country is different, it is necessary to objectify or classify quantitatively intermediate underground risk evaluation in accordance with Korean geologic characteristics. It could be summarized major factors of rock failure and ground subsidence by geological and geotechnical features as overburden, ground characteristics of soil and rock, geologic structures, hydrogeology, high stress, and artificial structures. Induced main factors that could be identified and predicted intermediate-depth tunneling risk through literature investigation and analysis study on research trend related to the deep to intermediate underground geological engineering. It might be classified major factors of intermediate-depth tunneling risk by geological features. These factors affect differently each other in accordance with a type of ground condition that classified rock, groundwater, high stress, artificial structures, and complex.
DUCTILITY CHARACTERIZATION OF CUTOFF WALL WATER/CEMENT/BENTONITE MIXTURES
Authors: Barbu Cristian-Stefan , Sabau Andrei-Dan , Chirica Anton
Published: February 2023

Following the increased use of sealing structures built in order to isolate historically polluted sites or to repair infiltrations inflicted to the levee of dams, it emerged the need to choose the right materials for constructing barriers using cutoff wall technique. The objective of this paper is to assess the range of suitable material combinations (water, cement and bentonite) in order to attain proper compressive strength, permeability and ductility requirements of such a structure. This paper proposes the representation of various mixtures on a ternary diagram, where the components are used as mass percentages. Since the influence of excessive values of various components have on the physical and mechanical behavior of the samples, the study domain was limited to an area that represents feasible mixtures. The laboratory testing program aimed at studying the variation of the material ductility, expressed in terms of tangent elastic modulus at origin and maximum axial strain at failure. Other parameters previously studied (compressive strength, viscosity and permeability) are used for property correlation.
NONLINEAR SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN BOREHOLE INCLINOMETER MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Bannikov Anton , Gordeev Viktor
Published: February 2023

Research Object and Relevance. Inclinometer measurements occupy an important place in geotechnical monitoring of hydraulic structures. Borehole inclinometers are used on tailings dams - they allow you to determine horizontal displacements, shifts, curvature of the casing pipe throughout its entire depth. An important part of the processing of initial data is the identification of various systematic errors. The authors of the article faced the problem of interpreting the displacements at the tailings dam of The Erdenet Mining Corporation - after the standard linear correction, some boreholes had arcuate displacements inexplicable from the point of view of geomechanics throughout their depth. Our first assumption was that this was caused by unaccounted for measurement errors. In March 2022, four series of inclinometer measurements were carried out within one day at the deepest borehole of the observation station in the main direction. Based on the results of the obtained data, non-linear systematic errors were identified. Research Methods. The article shows the functional dependencies of the main sources of systematic errors in inclinometric measurements: sensitivity drift, bias shift, rotation error, depth positioning error. We used a parametric adjustment with the inclusion of a systematic error model. This approach allows not only to determine the quantitative values of systematic errors, but also to evaluate their quality and check for statistical significance using a t-test. Results. As a result of the study, statistically significant systematic non-linear errors of inclinometer measurements were revealed. Statistically, this error is well described by dependence on the square of the interval number. They can also be partly attributed to the rotation error and the depth error (it may be better to define these errors as rotation sensitivity and sensitivity to the installation of the pulley on the casing head). Also in the article, we show graphs of residual errors and Q-Q plots for borehole position error without correction and with the corrections discussed in the article. The linear component of the systematic error was up to 0.065 mm per measurement interval. The non-linear systematic error was up to 0.018 sq. mm. Conclusion. As shown in this article, finding and correcting only a linear error does not allow one to be satisfied with the result (clearly seen on the Q-Q plots). It should be noted that if linear systematic errors affect the determination of displacements and shifts, then non-linear errors also distort information about changes in the curvature of the borehole. At the same time, in order to apply the method proposed by the authors for identifying nonlinear systematic errors between series of observations, strict consistency with the geomechanical model of potential deformation of the monitored object is required.
THE INFLUENCE OF NANOMATERIALS ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF COHESIVE SOILS
Authors: Al-Rubaye Ahmed , Chirica Anton , Bo?i Ioan
Published: February 2023

This paper experimentally investigated the effect of using nanomaterials to improve soft soils. Laboratory experimental tests were carried out on loessial soils collected from two different sites in Romania. Two different types of nanomaterials were used in this research, which is namely Nano-MgO with different percentages (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%), and Nano-Al2O3 with percentages (0.5%,1%, and 2%), were added to the soil samples, to study their effect on the strength, consistency limits and compressibility of the soil. Treated soil samples were compacted using the modified Proctor test procedure and tested. The results of the investigations showed that the addition of nanomaterials to the soil may help to enhance the geotechnical properties. the compressibility and the strength of the treated soils increase with the increase in the amount of nanomaterials, Also, the addition of nanomaterials to the cohesive soils showed a small effect on the microstructure of the soil samples. As expected, the improvement is dependent on the type and amount of the nanomaterials. The results have been compared with 2% soil mixtures with cement.
BIOACTIVATION OF LEACHING SOLUTION FOR URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY
Authors: Bektay Yerkin , Turysbekova Gaukhar , Mukanov Erzhan , Altynbek Akmurat , Shiderin Bauyrzhan
Published: February 2023

Technology of in-situ recovery (ISR) of uranium is using in Kazakhstan for increasing of production 15 times from 800 ton in 1998 till 22 000 ton in 2013. This ISR process is zero wastes technology. Investigations showed serious potential to improve results of ISR technology using biotechnology methods. Uranium in the ore body is usually presented as hexavalent (soluble) and tetravalent uranium (slightly soluble). To convert uranium into a soluble form, it is necessary to oxidize tetravalent uranium. Leaching solution of most of the uranium deposits of Kazakhstan contains ferrous iron. Oxidation of tetravalent uranium was obtained by the formation of ferric iron by iron-oxidizing bacteria A.Ferrooxidans. This bacteria oxidize ferrous iron till ferric iron. This was done at a uranium mine in two 20 m3 a flow bioreactors of new construction. In bioreactors was get activated leaching solution where take place oxidizing of ferrous iron. The redox of the leaching solution rose from 360 mV to 430-450 mV in bioreactors. The content of ferric iron increased from 0.1 g/l to 1.5 g/l and higher. Temperature of leaching solution was 10-140C in order to decrease cost for heating. Concentration of uranium in the productive solution increased by 20 % without adding additional sulfuric acid. Test with additional sulfuric acid give 40 % increasing of concentration of uranium in production solution. The costs of using the technology are 6-8 times lower in comparison with using chemical oxidizers (hydrogen peroxide).
INCREASING OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF BUCKETS WITH CORNER EDGES OF BUCKED-WHEEL EXCAVATORS IN THE LOCATION OF THE CSA BROWN COAL SURFACE MINE
Authors: Moni Vlastimil , Donat Lubomir , Hirman David
Published: February 2023

In accordance with the latest trends, considerable emphasis is put on all mining companies in the Czech Republic not only on reducing the environmental impact of brown coal mining, but also on overall efficiency, the balance of which can be improved by increasing of the operational reliability of individual components of technological units and reducing operating costs. And it is the latter sphere, in that Vrsanska uhelna a.s. does considerable initiative. In cooperation with the firm RENOMAG s.r.o. and the Research Institute for Brown Coal a.s. carries out the development and laboratory and in situ operational tests of new types of buckets with corner edges and other material tests of disconnecting organs used in the extraction of brown coal by the surface method. The article briefly acquaints the reader with the progress of work on the development of new types of buckets with corner blades of a bucked-wheel excavator series KU 800 used for mining of the overburden at the site of the Czechoslovak Army mine (CSA) and its content follows a series of articles describing activities in the field for the monitored period within the solved project. Attention is paid mainly to the results of operational testing of new prototypes of blades on a real machine in the conditions of overburden mining at the Vrsany mine, based on other designs and modifications of replaceable corner blade were created, which were tested in real operation of CSA quarry. The new replaceable corner blade with an innovated shape and unique material composition was then used on the KU 800 excavator in order to verify the functionality of the edge geometry in specific operating conditions and to find out the appropriate edge geometry and abrasion protection for the given mining conditions. At the end of the article, the results and evaluation of the implemented long-term operational tests are described together with the final summary of specific benefits of deployed prototypes of buckets with corner edges.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERVENTION AND RESCUE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kovacs Izabella , Nicolescu Cristian , Gaman Artur-George , Ilie Cosmin , Irimia Alin
Published: February 2023

Psychosocial risks are defined by the International Labor Organization in terms of interactions between job content, work organization and management, and other environmental and organizational conditions, on one hand, and employee conditions, skills, and needs, on the other. Thus, psychosocial risks refer to those interactions that prove to have a dangerous influence on employees' health through their perceptions and experience. Long-term involvement in stressful work situations can lead to onset of burnout syndrome, respectively a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion. Health experts estimate that there are millions of people worldwide who suffer from burnout, which is considered a phenomenon of modern society. It is estimated that burnout is found in more than half of the world's active population. More and more organizations either create or buy, programs designed to support employees in preventing the onset of general and occupational stress or, if it has already settled, to assist them in managing it in the most adaptive way possible. The golden rule that prevention is better than cure also applies to psychosocial risk management approaches. The paper addresses the issue of organizational stressors from a theoretical point of view, underlining the most common types of stressors that have the potential to interfere with the work of intervention and rescue personnel.
RECOVERY OF ASSOCIATED METALS DURING IN SITU LEACHING OF URANIUM
Authors: Bektay Yerkin , Altynbek Akmurat , Mukanov Erzhan , Turysbekova Gaukhar , Shiderin Bauyrzhan
Published: February 2023

Uranium mining companies of Kazakhstan during 15 years increased production of uranium more than 15 times using in-situ recovery of uranium (ISR). At the same time a significant part of uranium deposits contains gold, silver, palladium and rare metals like rhenium, germanium, scandium and et`s. The task was set for the complex extraction of associated metals from technological solutions of a uranium mine. Work was carried out to select and study samples of productive solutions and leaching solutions at one of the uranium mines in Kazakhstan. At the second stage, an experimental unit was installed in a 40-foot container (Stand), consisting of six sorption columns and two flow channel extractors. The hydrodynamic resistance of channel extractors much less then in sorption columns. This is a fundamental technical advantage compared to sorption columns. The flow rate in the Channel extractors was more than 0.85 m/sec, which is much higher than the flow rate in the sorption columns (0.01 m/sec). Enlarged tests were carried out with various types of ion-exchange resins, activated carbon, and zeolite on the Stand. Channel extractors used CYANEX extractants and others. It was showed the potential for extracting associated valuable metals from technological solutions: gold, scandium, germanium and other metals. Integrated mining of associated metals at the explored uranium mine of Kazakhstan will provide an economic benefit of up to $350 million.
RESEARCH ON INCREASING INTERVENTION AND RESCUE CAPACITY OF BUSINESSES IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES
Authors: Gireada Andrei Lucian , Pupazan Daniel , Ilie Cosmin , Irimia Alin , Toth Lorand
Published: February 2023

Managing emergencies is a complex task, which involves precise coordination of many activities and people, as well as fast decision-making in environments in which critical, vital information can often be lacking.
From a technical and technological point of view, in spite of all advances encountered in most industrial branches, accidents with human casualties and material damage can still occur. For this reason, the presence of special intervention and rescue teams within certain industrial/ economic units is essential, because they can ensure a quick and efficient response to limit or eliminate damage that generates aggressive toxic or chemical environments and rescue people affected by such events.
Research to date has shown that in the event of an explosion or fire, its management by the economic/industrial operator, in the first phase, is difficult because there is no available structure, capable of ensuring an effective and fast response to such situations.
In this context, the paper aims to highlight the serious consequences that may occur in the event that response time is delayed and to establish activities such as theoretical and practical training, equipment, intervention procedures, which must be completed by economic agents in order to increase the degree of resilience to damage in dangerous environments.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A PERMANENT PILLAR IN THE BILINA MINE
Authors: Pilny Vaclav , Herskovic Vladimir , Bartipan Marek
Published: February 2023

The final success of the mining business is primarily based on a correct and responsible evaluation of the mining and technical conditions of mining, resp. the mining and geological conditions of the mining site concerned, and all the legal aspects involved. By evaluating these conditions, together with the optimal choice of mining procedures, it decides on the safe and efficient use of the reserved mineral deposit in the given mining area. The mining area must be delimited and determined on the basis of the mining and geological conditions of the mining site in order to meet all the principles contained in Act No. 44/1988 of the Collection.
With the approval of the territorial ecological limits of coal mining, Resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic No. 827 of 19 October 2015, the boundaries of mining activities were changed at a distance of at least 500 m from the built-up area of the municipality. This limit clearly limits the possible approach of large-scale technology to the edge of the southern outcrop of the coal seam. The quarrying process in this part of the territory is fundamentally changing from the original intentions. The final edge of the quarry will be created further from the outcrop of the coal seam, and thus the mining will move in different geotechnical conditions than expected.
SAFEGUARDING OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AS THE BASIS OF EUROPEAN UNION RAW MATERIALS SECURITY IN THE ERA OF UNSTABLE GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja , Galos Krzysztof , Guzik Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

The economic results of many dynamically developing European countries largely depend on the availability of mineral raw materials. For this reason, securing their supplies from import must be supported by a committed foreign policy as well as a sustainable raw materials policy in the field of their obtaining from domestic sources, both from mineral deposits, as well as secondary and waste sources. Raw material security must be based on the diversification of supply sources and minimizing supply risks.
The results of analyses show that the European Union relies heavily on imported raw materials, especially in industries recognized as strategic (renewable Energy - wind & PV; grids, Li-ion batteries (LIB), electric vehicles (EVs), Robotics and defense). Moreover, most of the import sources are countries with high or very high risk of supply. Recently, these risks are higher due to unstable political situation in Eastern Europe. Taking into account above, the European Union should consider the possibility of further development of its own mining industry, based on its own resources. The raw material potential of European countries is significant, but recently problems related to the possibility of launching new mining projects have been increasing. Social, environmental and spatial conditions play a decisive role. In this context, particular attention should be paid to the properly implemented policy of mineral deposits safeguarding which provides access to primary sources of raw materials (deposits), thus reducing dependence from unstable import sources.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DETERMINING SEISMIC EFFECTS IN BLASTING WORKS IN SURFACE MINING THAT MAY INFLUENCE SAFETY AND STABILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DEPOSITS AND THE SURROUNDING AREA
Authors: Garaliu-Bu?oi Bogdan , Jitea Ilie-Ciprian , Vasilescu Dragos , Kovacs Attila , Radeanu Cristian
Published: February 2023

The evaluation of the seismic action generated by blasting, aims to establish the connection between the levels of ground vibration with the parameters of the blasting and the characteristics of the geological environment related to the quarry. In order to assess the seismic effects on site of the mining / civil / industrial objectives within the quarry, the criterion of the oscillation speed of the soil particles was chosen, because it was considered to be the only reproducible parameter for the whole frequency range of earthquakes which depends to a lesser extent on rock properties. Blasting works, especially large-scale ones, with significant amounts of explosives, produce a considerable seismic effect that can be felt in areas more or less closed to the site of the works. The sizing of the charges used both on the delay stage and on the hole, is a concern that must be taken into account when designing the applied blasting technology. The oversizing of the loads that are fired, according to the technology proposed by the framework operating plan, can lead to damage to the structure of civil or industrial buildings, infrastructure elements such as power lines, gas or water pipes, roads and railways. Applied research carried out by INSEMEX specialists over time, through research and development contracts, has led to certified technical solutions, based on field measurements, agreed by all parties involved).
TOTAL COST OVERSHIP INDEX AS A SUITABLE TOOL FOR SERVICE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE CONVEYOR BELTS
Authors: Marasova Jr. Daniela
Published: February 2023

Pipe conveyors belong to the most perspective systems for continuous transport technologies intended for the transport of bulk materials in various industries. In addition to the product and process quality, another important component of the quality evaluation system for pipe conveyors is the service quality. Service quality evaluation is based on the service quality of enclosed rubber conveyor belts which represent the most sensitive and the most expensive structural component of pipe conveyors. This article analyses the key indicators that measure suitability of the deployment of conveyor belts in particular operating conditions. These indicators evaluate whether conveyor belts meet the capacity requirements; however, they alone are not sufficient for the evaluation of service quality and must be supplemented with a quality index. The article presents results of the service quality evaluation for 21 enclosed rubber conveyor belts used in the transport of iron ore, which was carried out following the evaluation of their suitability in terms of their transport capacity. Determination of their suitability or unsuitability for particular operating conditions was followed by the identification of the TCO quality index for the given conveyor belts which have been categorised into three quality classes.
INCREASING WORK SAFETY BY MODERNIZATION OF THE STATIONARY LINE
Authors: Palicka David , Vrtalova Petra , Hrinko Martin , Dragon Stanislav
Published: February 2023

Currently, one of the main tasks of every employer is to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for every employee. In a global case, it should not only be a legal act, but especially a moral act. The modern policy of each employer should therefore be set in such a way as to continuously improve the occupational safety of employees. This continuous improvement can be achieved in particular through continuous periodic inspections and audits carried out by independent occupational safety staff.
This chapter deals with increasing occupational safety by modernizing a stationary line in a certain (unnamed) quarry in the Czech Republic. Thanks to the modernization of this stationary line, not only will there be an increase in work safety, but also greater efficiency in crushing and sorting and, in general, greater efficiency in terms of both energy and the environment. In the first part of the paper, we will get acquainted with the general description of the quarry, including its subsoil. In the second part of the paper we will deal with the description of the existing stationary line and then a practical example of the modernization itself, which leads to the already mentioned increase in the safety of quarry employees.
POTENTIOMETRICAL SCREENING OF LANDFILL MINED FINE FRACTION OF WASTE
Authors: Burlakovs Juris , Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita , Grinfelde Inga , Siltumens Kristaps , Vincevica-Gaile Zane
Published: February 2023

Landfill and dump remediation and waste recovery are often needed as circular economy approach is more and more demanding. Complicated solutions are needed to conserve the landfill space as well as overall reduction of the amount of landfilled material is not an easy task because of the different content of contaminants. Primitive soil excavating and transporting to hazardous waste landfills is not the best solution anymore. Series of experiments using landfill mined fine fraction of waste considering complex forming stability of contained copper and lead were performed. Experiments have shown that stability constants overall are enough convincing that inert fine fraction of waste with added soil of various percentage amounts are appropriate for stabilizing the heavy metals. Cation exchange capacity, selective ion electrode potentiometry and extraction experimental procedures were used in order to calculate stability values and determine free exchange cations of Pb and Cu. The fine fraction of waste combined with soil organics are stabilizing Pb and Cu meaning these will not be leaching out from the dumpsite if material is used as biocover.
STRUCTURAL POSITION, MAGMATISM AND MINERALISATION OF BAKYRCHIK ORE FIELD (KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: Mizernaya M. , Miroshnikova A. , Yeskaliyev Y. , Oitseva T.A. , Kuzmina O.N.
Published: February 2023

The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of largescale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated. Gold base metals (goldcontaining) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. The Western Kalba zone is characterized as a gold-bearing structure of multi-stage development and long ore-preparation and ore-forming processes. At the first stage, in the conditions of the intercontinental sea basin (C1-2, C2), the donor carbon-terrigenous formation (Arkalyk, Bukon formations) is formed; in the formations of which the rejuvenation of primary gold occurs in C2-3 during establishment of shear zones and manifestation of regional metamorphism. Further, in the course of manifestation of collision-accretionary magmatism (the hypabyssal plagiogranite-granodiorite formation of the Kunushsky complex, C3) of fluidic-magmatogene activity and hydrothermal metasomatism there formed the concentrated mineralization of vein-disseminated, vein and stockwork types. The peculiarities of the formation of gold mineralization of the Bakyrchik ore field, as well as the influence of deep-lying intrusive rocks on the formation of ore bodies were studied and the results of these studies are presented in this article.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES AT THE ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ROMULA, OLT COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: Niculescu Bogdan Mihai , Bucur Maria Madalina , Nita Ioana Lavinia , Maftei Raluca Mihaela , Rusu Emil
Published: February 2023

Romula, the most important urban settlement of Dacia Inferior (Dacia Malvensis) province of the Roman empire during the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D., was located in the present-day Resca village�Dobrosloveni commune, Olt County, Romania. Most of the Roman town remains are underneath Resca village premises, the areas suitable for archaeological or geophysical research being limited. This paper presents an integrated geophysical study carried out in the Central Fort zone of the archaeological site in September 2020, which included magnetic, gravity, and geoelectrical (ERT�Electrical Resistivity Tomography) surveys. The magnetic survey covered the entire Central Fort area (3 hectares), in continuous data acquisition mode, using profiles with approximately N�S orientation and 2 m spacing between the profiles. The gravity and ERT surveys were conducted on profiles with NE�SW and NW�SE orientation, with 2 m spacing between successive gravity measurements and 0.8 or 1 m electrode spacing. The geophysical data analysis revealed distinct anomalous zones and lineaments with preferential NW�SE and NE�SW orientations, likely corresponding to Roman construction elements incorporating baked bricks or stone, brick debris, pits, or furnaces. An anomalous lineament possibly corresponding to an underground sewer or drainage channel was also detected in the northern extremity of the surveyed perimeter. These preliminary results demonstrate the applicability of the selected geophysical investigation methods in the specific conditions of Resca�Romula archeological site. A future research direction consists of testing the validity of the geophysical survey results through systematic archaeological excavations.
HARDWARE COMPLEX FOR MONITORING CHANGES IN THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HAZARDOUS PROCESSES IN NATURAL AND MAN-MADE SYSTEMS BASED ON MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Zaitsev Dmitry
Published: February 2023

The study presents a developed instrumental and methodological complex designed to monitor changes in the state and development of dangerous processes in a natural and technogenic system, including the structural integrity of building structures and geodynamic processes in the soil rocks of their placement sites, including the activation of previously passive faults. The complex includes three orthogonal molecular-electronic linear displacement sensors and three orthogonal torsional vibration sensors which can selectively isolate the shear component of the wave field. The complex allows to simultaneously record seismic events and surface waves by six independent components in a wide frequency band with a good signal-to-noise ratio. Simultaneous measurement of the velocity field and their spatial derivatives will make it possible to obtain a more detailed spatial picture of the oscillation distribution. The sensors from the complex are optimized in their parameters to perform this research task. On the one hand, that allows to ensure the registration of signals in the low-frequency part of the spectrum, which is fundamentally important for the parametrization of boundary waves. On the other hand, it allows to obtain full data in the high-frequency part of the seismic spectrum.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY FOR SUBSOIL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALIJO LITHIUM RICH PEGMATITE QUARRY, BARROSO, PORTUGAL
Authors: Marques Maria Cristina , Moura Rui , Lima Alexandre , Patinha Carla
Published: February 2023

In recent years, with the rise of a growing economic and technological interest in lithium mineral resources, there has been a parallel concern, on the part of some local populations and even national environmental groups, for a hypothetical contamination problem that this type of exploitations may cause on the quality of groundwater.
Thus, the present study was based on an evaluation of an open-pit quarry, in the socalled Alijo quarry, located in the North of Portugal, in the parish of Canedo, Ribeira de Pena municipality and Vila Real district. This exploitation, under concession by the company Jose Aldeia Lagoa & Filhos, SA, has been going on for at least 11 years and mainly supplies the ceramic and glass industry.
It is in this context that this work is carried out. The general objectives are to assess signs of impacts that extractive activities, carried out in the open-pit exploitation area of Alijo, may have caused on the surrounding subsoil. In this sense, it was necessary to consider the aforementioned hypothesis of the existence of possible sources of water drainage with ionic anomalies for the surrounding environment. If this hypothesis were confirmed, then the level of underground conductivity would have to be proportionally high and obtainable through equivalent low values of electrical resistivity (high electrical conductivity). The current study was limited to geophysical tools along with a few chemical analysis of water samples collected in the open-pit exploration for control purposes. The signs we sought for could possibly be manifested in the form of anomalous concentrations of some of the elements of the mineralization of this lithiniferous pegmatite and whose effects could, hypothetically, be measured in the form of anomalous low values of underground electrical resistivity, as well as anomalous pH valuespresent in the drainage water. To this end, a study mainly supported by the electrical resistivity method was carried out. This method is based on the measurement of electrical resistivity variations of different subsoil geological materials, since rocks and soils, depending on their mineralogical composition, texture, porosity, fracturing and the content/chemical composition of the water contained in them, could exhibit anomalous, low electrical resistivity.
The results revealed that no low resistivity values were found, typical of areas that normally exhibit natural or anthropogenic geochemical anomalies, or even, in more extreme cases, contaminations with acid drainages whose acidity and resistivity would be even lower and more anomalous.
ASPECTS REGARDING THE CHOICE OF EQUIPMENT USED IN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES GENERATED BY OIL, GAS AND VAPOURS
Authors: Grecea Danut , Burian Sorin , Andris Adriana , Pupazan Gabriela , Beldiman Alexandru
Published: February 2023

The use, production, processing and storage of petroleum products and gases generate hazardous atmospheres that can be ignited and generate explosions, causing serious damage both to materials and the environment, and especially to human health and integrity. The use of equipment in this environment requires compliance with certain well-defined parameters, which must be chosen in correlation with the potentially explosive atmosphere in which it is to be installed and the type of protection, temperature class and category of equipment.
In this sense, the article presents aspects related to the classification of potentially explosive areas, equipment, types of protection and temperature classes, as well as the interdependence and selection criteria for the purpose of avoiding ignition of the atmospheres in which they operate.
BLOCK PLANT FOR PURIFICATION OF STRIPPING GAS OF MERCAPTAN-CONTAINING OIL
Authors: Jexenov Makhambet , Ismagilov Foat , Bektay Yerkin , Skorobogatov Denis , Bektayeva Meruert
Published: February 2023

Studies aimed at improving the efficiency of the field preparation of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan-containing oil are especially relevant in connection with the tightening of regulatory requirements for quality and safety indicators of commercial oil. The Technical Regulation (TR) of the Eurasian Economic Union TR 045/2017 �On the safety of oil prepared for transportation and (or) use� establishes uniform requirements for the safety indicators of oil delivered through trunk pipelines, as well as used as a raw material in oil refineries or petrochemical plants: hydrogen sulfide content - no more than 20 ppm, the total content of methyl and ethyl mercaptans - no more than 40 ppm. The proposed technology for cleaning oil stripping gas from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans meets the requirements of modern oil safety standards and can be implemented in the format of a modular-block plant. It is possible to adapt the plant to operating conditions, modify and complete the plant, taking into account the content of light hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide in the oil being purified and mercaptans. The selected technological version of the installation scheme is the most rational for the construction of the installation according to the block-modular principle (for installation of the installation on site from blocks of various functional purposes).
COMPARISON OF METHODS OF DNA EXTRACTION FROM CRUDE OIL FOR THE FOLLOWING EXPLORING OF ITS BIODIVERSITY
Authors: Biktasheva Liliya , Glazunova Darina , Abdaljalil Hassan , Galitskaya Polina
Published: February 2023

The anthropogenic influence on petroleum reservoirs during oil extraction leads to the emergence of new electron acceptors and donors and exogenous microorganisms. Microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons in petroleum reservoirs leads to a change of its composition, resulting in a decrease in its cost. The identification of microorganisms capable of in-situ degradation of hydrocarbons under reservoir conditions is critical to understand the role of microbes in hydrocarbon conversion. To analyze microbial biodegradation, it is necessary to have information about the composition and structure of microbial communities in petroleum reservoirs. The most complete analysis of the microbial community, the metagenome analysis, can be carried out using the highthroughput sequencing methods. Before sequencing, isolation of DNA should be carried out, and this is a separate task for research due to its difficulty. There are two approaches for DNA extraction - the first is the analysis of the metagenome of the original oils, which allows to deeply explore their biodiversity. The second approach is to conduct pre-cultivation and enrichment of oil microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to compare total DNA extraction methods from oil samples for subsequent analysis of the metagenomes of flooded producing wells. Eighteen crude oil samples were taken from different wells of the Romashkinskoye oil field (Russia) under anaerobic conditions. The direct extraction was successful only for two of them, once using isooctane and once using Winogradsky�s salt solution as eluents. For the other samples, anaerobic enrichment was implemented, is allowed to obtain DNA from 6 more samples. For the last 10 samples, aerobic enrichment was demonstrated to be successful. However, this method of enrichment purely corresponds to the original conditions of the oil well. Further optimization of the direct DNA extraction from crude oil are required.
HAZARD FROM ELECTRIFICATION OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT INTENDED FOR USE IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Paun Florin Adrian , Jurca Adrian , Popa Mihai , Vatavu Niculina
Published: February 2023

The electrification process of the materials and technical equipment�s, especially the external parts of them, frequently occur during their use, being sometimes an intrinsic process, such as for example flowing of a flammable liquid through a pipe. The electrification process of materials and technical equipment�s is responsible for generating, through specific mechanisms, significant quantities of electrostatic charges. The presence of electrostatic charges on materials and technical equipment�s, used in areas with explosive atmospheres as a result of the electrification process can lead to electrostatic discharges occurrence, which in the presence of an explosive atmosphere may cause an explosion and/or fire. The purpose of the paper is the analyze of essential safety and health requirements applicable to technical equipment�s and materials intended for use in areas with explosive atmospheres in order to identify and establish technical and organizational measures, by their application can eliminate the risk of electrification, the occurrence of electrostatic discharges and consequently the risk of an explosion and/or fire may be reduced.
IGNITION OF METHANE AND ITS BURNING, IN PROXIMITY OF THE SOURCE OF INITIATION
Authors: Vlasin Nicolae-Ioan , Cioara Cristian , Florea Gheorghe Daniel , Simon-Marinica Bogdan Adrian , Vass Zoltan
Published: February 2023

The use of natural gas as a home heating source has, unfortunately, generated a number of gas explosion events, most of which have as their main cause the accidental leakage of combustible gas. The dynamic effects generated by the explosion pressures differ from case to case, depending on the concentrations of combustible gas accumulated in the chambers from the time of the occurrence of the gas leak to the occurrence of the source of initiation. Often, these dynamic effects involve concentrations close to the stoichiometric one, the destruction consisting of breaking windows, breaking walls and even slabs between floors. But often, events of this type are followed by fires, the dynamic effects being much reduced, in these cases the thermal effects predominate. The subject is lightly approached in the literature and, therefore, this paper presents the physical experiments performed in the laboratory and the results obtained, highlighting both the process of forming the explosive atmosphere and the mechanism of ignition of methane at concentrations far from the stoichiometric, its burning time giving the possibility to ignite the combustible materials with which the flame front comes in contact. The recordings were made through a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system and are useful for calibrating computational simulations and preparing technical expertise reports for this type of events.
POTENTIAL SECURITY ATTACKS VIA THE ILLEGAL DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS
Authors: Kalinin I.V. , Sevostyanov V. A.
Published: February 2023

The significant development of single-board computers today can create many different threats to information security. These devices open up new opportunities for attackers, as they allow them to find new ways to carry out attacks. Since SBCs are often small in physical size, but have the processing power to run full Linux distributions, combined with a variety of different external interfaces, this allows you to create devices that can listen to sound, photo and video recording, and intercept network traffic. Methods and ways to prevent such violations of information security have not been fully compiled.
The use of single-board computers as a tool for violating information security has already been carried out in real conditions. This confirms the urgency of the problem. This is due to the fact that these devices have increased energy efficiency, universal software, low cost, as well as ways to work in difficult environmental conditions. Such characteristics make it easier to penetrate into controlled areas, negotiation zones, and the like in order to violate the information security of workplaces. For example, a board with a wireless controller connected to an external power source is capable of intercepting network traffic, and a single-board computer with interfaces for connecting external devices, disguised as some other household item, is capable of taking photos and videos.
One of the key methods of combating these violations is understanding the principles of operation and use of single-board computers by intruders in illegal actions, the purpose of which is to violate information security.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE DIGITALISATION OF THE ENTERPRISES IN THE BIOECONOMY SECTOR
Authors: Zeverte-Rivza Sandija , Gudele Ina
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 outbreak has heavily influenced the way many businesses operate across all sectors linked to both changes in the consumer behavior, social-distancing restrictions and also the availability of resources and services (inc. public services) for businesses. These restrictions have influenced also the work of enterprises in the sector of bioeconomy � producers, processors and distributors of manufactured goods like food, clothing or home goods and other bio-based sectors both in the stages of primary production and processing and distribution.
This study aims to assess the digitalisation process of the enterprises in the bioeconomy sector, the enterprise`s motivation for digitalisation and the impact of COVID-19 to the digitalisation of enterprises. It analyses the results of a survey carried out in Latvia in 2 phases � in 2020 and 2021 of entrepreneurs and employees of the enterprises working in the sector of bioeconomy, which allows to identify the digitalisation tools used by these enterprises and their motivation in moving towards the digital transformation.