bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Toxocara eggs on Dog Hair as a Potential Transmission Route in Human Toxocariasis in Northeastern Iran
Authors: SASANNEJAD Neda , KHOSHNEGAH Javad , BAKHSHANI Amin , BORJI Hassan
Published: June 2020

Background: Toxocara canis is a gastrointestinal nematode of dogs and other canids with high zoonotic potential. Human infection occurs following ingestion of infective eggs that have been passed in the dogs’ feces. Contact with contaminated soils, is one of the most important risk factors for human infection by T. canis eggs. However, in recent studies transmission of infective eggs, through human contact with contaminated dogs’ hair have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Toxocara eggs on the hair and feces of dogs which attended to Veterinary Clinic of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: A total 100 dogs which attended to the clinic were used in the present study. The hair samples were collected from the head, back and perineal region of dogs’ body. Besides collecting hairs, fecal samples were also collected and analyzed for the presence of T. canis eggs.
Results: T. canis eggs were found in 11% of the hair samples and 10% of the feces samples. Additionally, it has been observed that the risk factors impact such as breed, season of sampling, sex, hair length, indoor-outdoor access and age, were not significant on the T. canis eggs presence in the faecal and hair samples.
Conclusion: Human exposure to the hair of dogs, may be significant risk factor for infection and regular anthelmintic treatment, hygiene of animals and public education of the importance of dogs are recommended to prevent human toxocariasis.
Serological Survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection in Rodents in Northwestern Iran
Authors: NAZARI Naser , SHOJAEE Saeedeh , SALIMI Mahboobeh , MOHEBALI Mehdi , AHMADIFARD Navid , HAMZAVI Yazdan , ZAREI Zabihollah , FARAHMANDRAD Reza , BOZORGOMID Arezoo , HEYDARIAN Peyman
Published: June 2020

Background: Our knowledge of the epidemiology of rodents’ parasitic agents in Iran is scarce, although some of these pathogens play an important role in human and veterinary medicine, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rodents of northwestern Iran between Mar and Dec 2015.
Methods: Overall, 157 serum samples from rodents (101 Meriones persicus, 41 Mus musculus, and 15 Cricetulus migratorius) were assayed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum
Results: We found a prevalence of 20.38% (32/157) for N. caninum, 35% (55/157) for T. gondii. Co-presence of antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii was found in 10 (6.36%) rodents. A significant association was found between the rodents species and seropositivity to N. caninum (P<0.05) but there was no association with rodents species for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of the aforementioned parasites was higher in male versus female rodents.
Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in rodents in the study area has implications for translocation of these infections across wider geographical regions since these rodents are mostly preyed on by cats or dogs; hence, which can transfer the parasite to other hosts.
Ectoparasites and Endoparasites of New Zealand White Rabbits from North West of Iran
Authors: HAJIPOUR Nasser , ZAVARSHANI Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Background: Rabbits contain several parasites that can be harmful to their health as well as human being’s health due to the probability of causing parasitic zoonosis. The present research was designed to study ectoparasites and endoparasites of New Zealand White rabbits in North West of Iran and potential risks of parasitic zoonosis for researchers and owners.
Methods: Totally, 50 rabbits were purchased from rabbit sellers and breeders in suburbs of Urmia and Tabriz between Jul and Dec 2016. The rabbits were assessed for ectoparasites by hair brushing, skin scraping, acetate tape preparation and othic swabs. They were euthanized and inspected for helminths and protozoa infection. Faecal sampling was carried out directly from recti and the oocysts or cysts were isolated using sedimentation and floatation techniques and the sporulated oocyst were identified based on morphological.
Results: The following parasites, with their respective prevalence; Nematoda: Passalurus ambigus 54%, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 42%, Nematodirus leporis 32%, Cestoda: Cysticercus pisiformis 26%, Protozoa: Eimeria steidae 44%, E. magna 30%, E. media 12% and Arthropoda: Sarcoptes scabiei 18% and Cheyletiella parasitivorax 38%. No significant difference was recorded in infection rate between male and female rabbits.
Conclusion: Both domestic and wild rabbits are a potential source of human parasitic zoonosis, and strict hygienic practices are recommended during and after handling rabbits or in case of exposure to their feces.
Disseminated Leishmaniasis Due to Using Immunosuppression Drugs: A Case Report
Authors: AFSHOON Maryam , ABDOLSALEHI Mohammadreza , ALINIA Golnaz , BORHANI Katayoun , YAGHMAIE Bahareh , KHODABANDEH Mahmoud
Published: June 2020

Visceral leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease between humans and animals, transmitted by sandflies (Phlebotomus) in the Mediterranean countries, including Iran. The statistics have been reported less than real due to errors in the diagnosis and reporting of affected cases. In this report, we will present the symptoms and manifestations of this disease to reduce late detection and exacerbating factors. The patient was a three-year-old girl from Tehran, Iran who had ascites and hepatomegaly. When she was 9 month-old, she was diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis after liver biopsy and she was treated with immunosuppressive drugs (Azathioprine, prednisolone, and cyclosporine) for 22 months, but later she suffered from fever, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Then a bone marrow biopsy was done for her. There was a large amount of Leishman body in her bone marrow and treatment for Kala-azar was started for her. In patients with prolonged fever and splenomegaly, especially association with pancytopenia, consider leishmaniasis. Immunosuppressive drugs can disseminate parasitic diseases, including visceral leishmaniasis.
First Report of Joyeuxiella spp. Infection in Eurasian Lynx and Its Histopathology Study from Iran: A Case Report
Authors: HOSSEINI Seyed Mohammad , MOSHREFI Amir Hossein , ESFANDIYAR Aryan , YOUSSEFI Mohammad Reza , NASSIRI Alireza
Published: June 2020

According to the last information of IUCN Red List, Eurasian lynx has been endangered since 2010. The population of this animal is heavily affected by infectious parasites. Two adult Eurasian lynx (one male and one female) were illegally hunted and found dead in Parvar National Park, Semnan Province, Iran. After the autopsy, the tissue and parasite samples were collected from gastrointestinal tract and transferred to 70% alcohol. Samples were recovered and identified as Joyeuxiella spp. Sonsino, 1889. Tissue samples were taken from the place of sticking of parasites on the intestinal wall, for histopathological examination, and were transferred to 10% buffered formalin. Following routine processes and H&E staining, the slides were examined microscopically. Main histopathological observations were epithelial hyperplasia and destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration in mucosa and submucosa of jejunum. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first report and histopathological study of Joyeuxiella spp. in the world in Eurasian lynx.
Is It Necessary to Terminate Pregnancy before Hydatid Cyst Surgery?
Authors: SHAHRAK Azar Danesh , ZAFARBAKHSH Azam , FARHADIAN DEHKORDI Amirreza
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Low level laser therapy efficacy on orthodontic induced pain management: A narrative review
Authors: Mirhashemi Amir Hossein , Jazi Leila , Hesamarefi Aryan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pain control in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is one of the major challenges of such treatments. The use of new technologies such as Laser offers promising results in this field. The goal of this study is to survey the works on effect of low-power laser on pain relief during orthodontic treatments.
Methodology: The key terms including “orthodontics, reduction, pain, low level, power, laser and laser therapy” alone as well as combinations. those key terms were used to search the databases including “Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed”. The review of collected sources was done which led to selection of 557 papers. The validation was done through CONSORT guidelines.
Results: After review of selected papers, 34 studies including 32 human studies and 2 animal studies were selected.
Conclusion: The positive findings of reviewed studies on use of laser therapy suggest that low power laser could be effective on pain relief. Conducting further studies on this subject will be beneficial.
Effect of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic pain caused by canine retraction force
Authors: Shayegh Fatemeh Sadat , Eslami Gholamreza , Rasuli Seyed Reza , Gafari Hasan Ali , Shayegh Seyed Shojaedin , Hakimaneh Seyed Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic pain after the first canine retraction force.
Method: This single-blind split-mouth placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was performed in 30 orthodontic patients requiring bilateral canine retraction in Shahed University. Once canine retraction was initiated, a single dose of diode laser radiation (660 nm, 80 MW, and 3.8 J/cm2 density, diameter of the optical fiber tip: 0/45cm2) was administered to a randomly selected maxillary or mandibular quarter for 30 s. The other quarter served as the placebo side and was treated using the same device without turning on the laser. On the first, second, fourth, and seventh days, the patients rated the pain they experienced on each side at home by using visual analog scale-based questionnaires. Changes in pain were analyzed using non-parametric analysiswith SPSS software.
Results: In patients who experienced pain,a signiﬁcant pain reduction was notedon the first and fourth days after low-level laser therapy on the experimental side compared to that on the placebo side (P <0.05).
Conclusions: A single dose of diodelaser therapy (660nm)can be an efﬁcient modality to reduce the orthodontic pain associated with canine retraction
The Comparison of Three Different Fixation Methods on Bilateral Sagittal Split Ra-mus Osteotomy Mandibular on a 3D of Fully Modelled Mandible by the Finite Ele-ment Method
Authors: Ghorashi Seyed Mohammad , Keshavarzi Mohammad Mehdi , Damercheli Shahrzad , Parhiz Seyed Alireza
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a full mandibular CT-scan in a specific patient is used to model BSSO surgery. The purpose is to compare the three most common fixation methods which are used in BSSO surgery by finite element method. Three different fixations are studied in order to obtain the minimum displacement of the lower jaw and optimum stress and strain on the specified fixation. The methods are two parallel plates with four screws, the operation of triangular screw configuration and one plate with four screws. The plates and the screw are modeled precisely by point clouds of Synthes Brand’s plate and screw. The mechanical properties of the full mandibular and, to obtain a practical model after the surgery, the mean jaw forces are extracted from literatures. It is resulted that the minimum displacement and stresses on the mandible and fixation tools happened in the Triangular screw configuration model and the two other methods have higher stress and lower displacement. Therefore, the mandibular in triangular method, experiences little deformation and the screws tolerates lower stress and strain which is better than the other two methods.
Two-point osteotomy technique in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of mandible
Authors: Parhiz Alireza , Mojtahedi Hamid
Published: June 2020

Today Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy technique is one of the main surgical methods used in mandibular deformities surgical correction. Since, the osteotomy design has an important role in decreasing BSSO complications, we developed a technique which restrict the osteotomy points to posterior medial ramus cut and anterior vertical cut in widely used hunsuck modification for decreasing the complications.
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible: report of two deceptive cases and literature review
Authors: Mahdavi Nazanin , Bashizadeh Hoorieh , Derakhshan Samira , Ghoreyshi Younes
Published: June 2020

Carcinoma as a primary tumor within the jaw is a rare phenomenon which usually arises from the epithelial lining of oral cavity or salivary glands. Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm with no initial connection to oral mucosa. In this article, we reported two rare cases of primary intra-mandibular squamous cell carcinoma with clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features and reviewed the literature.
Rotation of the maxillomandibular complex in orthognathic surgery; A Review
Authors: Hasheminasab Mahbube Sadat , Mortazavi Mahsa , Sharifi Reza , Bolandparva Farzaneh
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In orthognathic surgery, maxillomandibular complex (MMC) refers to a three-dimensional dento-osseous structure consisting of the surgically-mobilized part of the maxilla together with the distal segment (i.e., tooth bearing segment) of the mandible (either surgically mobilized or not). In fact, MMC is the skeletal part of the lower face. The size, shape And position of MMC play a major role in soft tissue esthetics of the lower face.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive review of the current data regarding effects of maxillomandibular complex rotation in sagittal plane, on “occlusal plane, TMJ, sleep apnea, paranasal soft tissues, upper lip, chin, cervicomental soft tissues” was conducted.
Results: MMC rotation and translation could take place in any of the three planes of reference including sagittal, coronal, and horizontal. Any kind of changes in the position of MMC could have its own functional and esthetic consequences. In general, patients with convex facial profiles require counterclockwise rotation while patients with concave profiles require clockwise rotation.
Conclusion: MMC not only has great impacts on facial esthetics, but also has significant functional effects, for example in breathing and mastication. Alteration in the position of MMC is possible by orthognathic surgery.
Evaluation of proximal bone loss around 2 commercial brands of SLA-surfaced implants and investigating possible effective factors
Authors: Karimi Abbas , Azizimoghadam Nahid , Soltanmohamadi Borujeni Elahe
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The long term clinical success of dental implants depends on the stability of crestal bone level. Different dental implantation systems focus on micro-and macro-design to reduce late bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone loss at the proximal (mesial and distal) surfaces of SLA implants from 2 different companies.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 48 patients receiving 161 SLA-surfaced (Straumann and Dentium) dental implants. The marginal bone loss was measured at mesial & distal sides of the implants on peri-apical X-ray images. The effective factors considered in this study were patients age, implant brand, time passed from fixture placement, preprosthetic surgery and type of prosthetic treatment that were obtained from patient records & interviews.
Results: Average mesial and distal bone loss was 1.50±1.359 and 1.517±1.3465 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that 1) time passed from fixture placement, 2) commercial brand, 3) history of pre-prosthetic surgery and 4) age affected the amount of bone loss.
Conclusion: SLA-surfaced dental implants showed an acceptable amount of bone resorption and no statistically significant difference was observed between commercial brands.
Intraoral lipoma, surgical approach: A Case report
Authors: Razmara Farnoosh , Dehghani Nima , Mahmoudi Xaniar , Reshadi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Mahdi
Published: June 2020

Background: Lipoma is a rare benign tumor that overgrows in oral cavity. Its occurrence rate is about 1-4% with predilection for males rather than females. Lipoma is associated with adipose tissue and is usually seen in major salivary glands, buccal mucosa, and vestibule. Fifty percent of lesions are seen in buccal mucosa. The progressive and aggressive growth of these lesions may interfere with speech and mastication owing to the dimensions and location of the tumor. The lesion basically affects the individuals of 4th to 5th decades. Lipoma is managed by surgical excision using scalpel, laser, or electro-cautery.
Case Presentation: This study presents two 63 and 18 years old male patients with lipoma in their buccal mucosa along with their improved situation following the treatment. The treatment included surgical excision of the lesion and suturing the surgical area.
Conclusions: The incidence of intraoral lipoma is low and buccal mucosa is the most common region for the occurrence of oral lipoma. Most clinicians suggested surgical techniques as a certain treatment.
Antimicrobial Interventions in Poultry Processing to Improve Shelf Life and Safety of Poultry Meat: A Review with Special Attention to Salmonella spp.
Authors: Kataria J. , Morey A.
Published: June 2020

Poultry meat is one of the most popularly consumed meats worldwide. With the increased consumption, the poultry industry is also facing major challenges in maintaining of safety and shelf life of the poultry meat. Microbial concerns related to poultry meat comprise of meat safety and shelf life as poultry meat is prone to contamination with spoilage as well as pathogenic microorganisms. Poultry may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. at various processing steps, posing significant health risk to the consumers. To reduce the predominance of food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. as well as spoilage microorganisms, poultry processors can employ a multi-hurdle approach wherein antimicrobial interventions are applied at various steps of processing. This article reviewed different poultry processing steps and the antimicrobial interventions used in the poultry processing sector to improve safety, shelf life, and quality of poultry meat. This review provides comprehensive knowledge on safety of poultry meat with special attention to Salmonella spp. for the poultry industry as well as researchers throughout the world.
The Role of Faculty Members in the Internationalization of Medical Universities of Iran
Authors: Valimoghaddam zanjani S , damirchili F , Zolghadr M
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The internationalization of higher education has been identified as a priority and necessity for universities in the country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of faculty members in internationalization of medical universities in Iran.
Methods: In this qualitative study using grounded theory through literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts, the role of faculty members was identified and a questionnaire by 124 experts with qualitative theory was used. Structural equation modeling analysis method was determined.
Result: Four factors were identified as individual competencies, teaching and research activities, empowerment and teacher mobility along with 28 indicators. Based on the first and second order factor analysis. The indexes of fitness measurement of final model showed that Chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) equals 2.092. Furthermore, the value of the index of square root of reminder squares mean (RMSE(, equals 0.54. The value of goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), correlation of fit index (CFI), normalized fit index of Bentler Bonette (NNFI), fit index of Toker – Loise (TLI), increased fit index (IFI), and relative fit index (RFI) in the presented model is higher than 90%, so the data of this study fit the factor structure of this scale.
Conclusion: Faculty members play a key role in the internationalization of medical universities in Iran, and university management should facilitate the process of internationalization through organizational support, participatory management, and investment through professors.
Predicting students' admission to medical specialty courses based on academic performance and cognitive factors
Authors: Salami M , Heidarzadeh A , Bahmanabadi S , Habibi Asgharabad M
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Nowadays, admission of students for medical specialty courses has faced some challenges. Due to the special importance of the duties and mission of physicians and the necessity of careful selection in their admission, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of academic performance and cognitive factors in students' admission to medical university.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all the candidates of the specialty exams of Medical Sciences Universities in 2018, The members of these two groups were 1096 that score of them were analyzed in GPA, pre-internship score and cognitive test scores. The sample was selected by simple random sampling method. Research tools were California analytical thinking test, Watson Glazer critical thinking test, and reading comprehension test whose reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient came out as 0.79, 0.76, and 0.80, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS and R software and logistic regression, stepwise regression and independent t-test were used to answer the research questions.
Result: The results showed that variables of GPA (t = 8.59, P = 0.0001), pre-internship test score (t = 7.45, P = 0.0001) and cognitive test score (t = 4.48, P = 0.0001) have a significant role in predicting candidates' performance in specialty entrance exam. Also, these variables could predict the status of admission or rejection of students in specialized courses (X2 = 630.63, P < 0.0001). The results of independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the performance of men and women in specialty entrance exam (t = 4.91, P = 0.0001), GPA (t = 4.67, P = 0.0001) and cognitive tests (t = -2.08, P = 0.038).
Conclusion: Cognitive ability of medical university specialty candidates and their previous academic performance are the most important predictors of success in university entrance examination and admission. So it is necessary to accept students in specialized courses and universities based on essential competencies for medical students such as analytical thinking skills, logical thinking, problem solving and decision making, in addition to the entrance exams and performance of previous courses, in their assessments.
Comparative Study of Nursing PhD. Education Program in Iran and Colombia School of Nursing
Authors: Gooshi Dehaghi M , Vafadar Z
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In order to enhance and guarantee the quality of Nursing PhD. programs, this study aimed to compare the Nursing PhD. curriculum in Iran and Columbia University of Nursing and make suggestions for improving its quality.
Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was performed in 2019. The four-stage Beredy model of description (explaining both educational system), interpretation (explaining historical, financial and social basics of systems), neighborhood   and comparison (based on their sharing and differentiations) was used to compare the Iranian nursing education program with Colombia School of Nursing. Data were collected by Persian and English searching. Then, the data were compared according to the aim of the research.
Result: Colombia School of Nursing has a long history of Nursing PhD Education. curriculum for Nursing PhD course in Iran has common points in course structure and characteristics with curriculum in Colombia school of nursing. Both programs were fully times. Both universities programs base on strategic programing has mission, perspective and values. Nursing PhD.. Education program interview and last history of research has important to submitting of student. Both curriculums based on researches and loser attention on clinical education.
Conclusion: In Iran with attention of society condition, field needs and under graduated demands change and review of program is necessary. More emphasize on research and don’t attention on clinical education is on of weak points in Iran Nursing PhD. Education. Therefore with attention in advanced country experiments and Iranian society needs struggling to improving week points and strengthening of strong point advised.
Comparative study of research methods in higher education and medical education
Authors: Motamedi Mohammadabadi Marziyeh , Mosavi Nodushan Fatemeh sadat , Nasr Isfahani Ahmadreza
Published: June 2020

This article has no abstract.
Iranian National Fracture Registry
Authors: Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Yaghoubi Monireh
Published: June 2020

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Genu Varum Correction: A Comparison of Conventional Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy versus Open Wedge Osteotomy with Sagittal Plane Cutting
Authors: Saeb Morteza , Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Yaghoubi Monireh , Mousapour Ali , Mardanpour Keykhosro , Safari-Faramani Roya , Shafiee Alireza , Hojabrian Adel , Rahimipour Sepehr
Published: June 2020

Background: Open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is commonly utilized to correct genu varum. To decrease various complications of OWHTO, some modifications are needed.
Methods: In a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial, 42 patients were divided into two groups: conventional OWHTO (control group) and OWHTO with the cut in the sagittal plane or distal tubercle osteotomy (OWHTO/DTO) (intervention group). Evaluation of the following items was conducted pre- and post-operatively: Knee Society Score (KSS) questionnaire, incidence of postoperative complications, patellar height by Blackburne-Peel (BP) ratio and Insall-Salvati Index (ISI), posterior tibial slope (PTS), tibiofemoral angle (TFA), Q-angle, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), three joint alignment radiography, and union radiological parameters.
Results: The differences between preoperative and postoperative variables including the KSS, PTS, TFA, BP Index (BPI), ISI, MPTA, and Q-angle within the intervention and control groups were not statistically significant. In four cases (3 in the control group and 1 in the intervention group), the delayed union was observed but the complete union was achieved after a mean of 23 weeks. No nonunion was observed.
Conclusion: Our results showed equal effectiveness for OWHTO/DTO compared with the conventional OWHTO.
Tranexamic Acid Effectiveness on the Amount of Bleeding during Surgery and Surgeon’s Satisfaction in Intertrochanteric Fracture Fixation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Saeb Morteza , Mousapour Ali , Shafiee Alireza , Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Safari-Faramani Roya , Gholami Ali , Mardanpour Keykhosro , Yaghoubi Monireh , Rahimipour Sepehr , Hojabrian Adel
Published: June 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) on the blood loss volume during surgery and surgeon's satisfaction in intertrochanteric fracture surgery.
Methods: A total of 62 patients with intertrochanteric fracture were involved in the study and accidentally categorized into two groups. In the control or first group, patients were medicated with placebo (age: 69.2 ± 6.1 years old) and in the second group or intervention, they received 1 g injection of TXA (age: 69.7 ± 6.4 years old). Intraoperative bleeding was measured by the amount of blood in the suction bottle and amount of gauze utilized and postoperative blood loss was measured by the amount of blood in the drain 48 hours after surgery. Also, hemoglobin (Hb) levels were compared before and after surgery. In the end, the surgeon’s satisfaction was measured by Likert scale.
Results: The difference in the amount of intra-operative bleeding was significant between the groups (P < 0.050). The mean number of utilized gauze in the intervention group was meaningfully less than the placebo group (P < 0.050). The mean Hb in the control group was considerably inferior to the intervention group (P < 0.050). The respect of patients in need of transfusion in the placebo group was outstandingly superior to the intervention group (P < 0.005). Surgeon satisfaction in the intervention group was considerably greater than the control group (P < 0.050).
Conclusion: The use of intravenous TXA during intertrochanteric fracture surgery can reduce hemorrhage during surgery, reduce the need for blood products, and finally improve the surgeon’s satisfaction.
The Effectiveness of Intra-Articular Injection of Hypertonic Saline in Pain Control and Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tavana Behrouz , Azizi Sirous , Najafi Sharif , Taftian Ensie , Maghbouli Nastaran
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to report the effectiveness of intra-articular injection of hypertonic saline in pain reduction and functional improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: Patients with knee pain and dysfunction who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria and whose illness was sub-acute or chronic were enrolled. We performed a single intra-articular injection of 5 cc of hypertonic (5%) saline solution. Measured outcomes were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) evaluated before and 1 month after intervention.
Results: A total of 28 patients with mean age of 66.3 years were surveyed. Overall, study participants reported clinically and statistically significant reduction in VAS and KOOS subscales for symptoms, pain, function, daily living, sports, recreational activities, and quality of life in one month of follow-up with respect to the patients’ mean baseline scores (by 24.47%, 42.74%, 54.96%, 43.78%, and 63.63%, respectively). Although obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] showed less improvement in terms of pain, sports, and quality of life subscales of KOOS, compared with non-obese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m2); VAS score difference was not significant.
Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of hypertonic saline yields a statistically and clinically significant short-term pain reduction and functional improvement of patients with knee OA.
A Comparison of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty versus Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation of Basicervical Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Mousapour Ali , Mardanpour Keykhosro , Hojabrian Adel , Saeb Morteza , Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Safari-Faramani Roya , Yaghoubi Monireh , Rahimipour Sepehr , Shafiee Alireza
Published: June 2020

Background: Surgical treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures, which are biomechanically similar to intertrochanteric fractures, is an internal fixation by dynamic hip screw (DHS) and anti-rotation screw. Since one of the remarkable complications of this surgical procedure is device failure, we aimed to make a comparison between bipolar hemiarthroplasty and the DHS plate fixation in elderly patients with basicervical femoral neck fracture.
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 60 patients with femoral neck fractures were randomly divided into two groups of DHS fixation (control group, n = 30) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (intervention group, n = 30). Harris Hip Score (HHS) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment were used for functional evaluations. Postoperative complications were evaluated at 6 months and one year postoperatively.
Results: The mean age was 73.95 ± 9.85 years in the hemiarthroplasty group and 74.22 ± 7.85 years in the internal fixation group. Three patients in the internal fixation group and 6 patients in the hemiarthroplasty group were excluded. HHS in 6 months and one year after surgery in the intervention group was dramatically higher than the control group. There were no noticeable changes in VAS scores between the two groups. Two cases of device failure happened in the control group.
Conclusions: It seems that bipolar hemiarthroplasty is more effective than internal fixation by DHS plate in improving the patient’s quality of life, considering higher HHS scores, earlier patient mobilization, shorter hospital stay, lower device failure rate, and lower revision rate
Good Governance and Public Value Management in the Face of COVID-19
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad , Keshtegar Abdolali , Mohammadzadeh Zohreh
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, most countries of the world are dealing with covid-19, which has resulted in many economic, political, social, and health challenges. However, people in society need to interact with each other due to economic and social reasons, which make it harder to control the disease. Infectious diseases and quarantine cause widespread devastation in the lives of people in the community. Therefore, the community needs good governance in the given circumstances.
Estimating the Share and Elasticity of Substitution for Public and Private Health Expenditures in Iran
Authors: Shahraki Mahdi , Ghaderi Simin
Published: June 2020

Background: The rate of substitution for private and public health expenditures is one of the factors that can explain the different effects of public and private health expenditures on health and life expectancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the return to scale, share, and elasticity of the substitution for public and private health expenditures in Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, linear and nonlinear least squares methods were applied to study the share and elasticity in substitution of private and public health expenditures at national level in Iran during 2000-17. The study data included the annual time series data extracted from the World Bank website. The Stata 14 software was used to estimate the economic model.
Results: In the nonlinear and linear models of Elasticity of Substitution Constant (CES) health function in Iran, elasticity of substitution for public and private health expenditures were 0.30 and 0.17, respectively. The return to scale in nonlinear and linear models was 0.07 and 0.15, respectively. The share of public health expenditures on life expectancy in the nonlinear and linear model was 54 and 53 % and the share of private health expenditures in these models was 46 and 47 %, respectively.
Conclusion: Public and private health expenditures are poor substitutes of each other in Iran and increase of these health expenditures leads to an increase in life expectancy. A decreasing return exists to scale in public and private health expenditures on life expectancy in Iran. The share of public health expenditures is higher than the share of private health expenditures on life expectancy in Iran.
Independence of Centers of Excellence for Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kazemi Asl Siamak , Jaberi Azita , Safarpour Ali Reza , Reza Farrokhi Majid Reza , Zarshenas Ladan , Mehrabi Manoosh
Published: June 2020

Background: Centers of Excellence are organizations which have prominent works in a specific field, and are capable of delivering quality services using specialized equipment, innovative techniques and modern technologies and brings financial benefits and cost recovery to their organization. Promoting the independence of these organizations plays a critical role in terms of maintaining sustainable competition in their future efforts. The purpose of this study was to develop goals and challenges of independence for centers of excellence.
Methods: This was a qualitative study, content analysis, involving semi-structured interviews with 7 individuals from centers of excellence for medical sciences. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Interview transcripts were analyzed through coding and classifying concepts into categories and subcategories, and then MaxQDA 2007 10, software was used for further analysis.
Results: According to the participants, a number of prerequisites (such as: goals and strategies) are required to secure independence and authority for Iranian centers of excellence, and also this independence has some distinct dimensions (such as: financial and human resources). Furthermore, the participants identified the possible obstacles and challenges (such as: bureaucratic processes and failure to delegate authority) to the independence of the centers, and proposed solutions to tackle them (such as: internal and external evaluations and accreditation).
Conclusion: In the end, the results were used to set up independence regulations for policy makers of centers of excellence to support them during the process of independence.
Public-Private Partnership in Providing and Promoting Health Services; A critical review
Authors: Mirzaii Hiwa , Barkhordari Shoresh , Shaarbafchizadeh Nasrin , Rezayatmand Reza , Akbari Faezeh
Published: June 2020

Objective: Public-private partnerships can provide the health systems with the required resources to prevent disease, render effective care services, and promote individual and community health. The purpose of this study was to review application of the public-private partnership model in the delivery and promotion of health services to investigate the scope of this model and its success in health systems.
Information sources and selection methods for the study: This critical review was conducted by conducting a search in the databases of ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, ‌SID, and Magiran using a combination of the following keywords:  public-private partnership, health promotion, health delivery, health improvement, health service, health care services, and providing health services. No time limit was considered in the research process.  A total of 238 articles were extracted and reviewed.
Results: Finally, 12 eligible articles were studied, which resulted in 4 main themes: public-private partnerships and prevention, public-private partnerships and infectious-communicable diseases, public-private partnerships and chronic diseases, and public- private partnerships and clinical health services design and information.
Conclusion: The public-private partnerships were successful if supported and organized by the government. In most studied articles, the extent of private sector participation and its benefits were not clear. So, clarification of the interactions between these two sectors will increase the confidence of policymakers in public-private partnerships.
Socio Economic Environment Influencing Inter Clan Conflicts Inthe Somali Community In Wajir North Sub County Kenya
Authors: Aengwony Robert , Busalire Samson , Machariah Lilian
Published: June 2020

Inter-clan conflicts in Wajir North Sub-County have been recurring since the pre-colonial period between members of the Degodia and Ajuran Clan. The problem of inter-clan conflicts for between Degodia and Ajuran Clan within Wajir North Sub-County has not been fully solved despite various interventions and strategies. The conflicts have had devastating social, political as well as economic implications. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the socio-economic environment influencing inter-clan conflicts in the Somali community living in the Somali Community in Wajir North Sub-County, Kenya. The study was based on two theories which are Social Conflict Theory by Karl Max (1818-1883) and Human Needs Theory by John Burton (1932 to date). Descriptive and historical research designs were used. The study sampled 492 respondents who included 400 household heads, 25 assistant chiefs, 16 police officers, 20 business entities, 4 NGOs, 15 Village Elders and 12 youth leaders in peace committees. Questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion, observation checklists and interviews were used in data collection. The study employed both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to attain the targeted sample size.Quantitative was collected using questionnaires. On the other hand, interviews, FGD and observation were used in gathering qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel version 20 in order to obtain descriptive statistics to aid in easy analysis. Thematic techniques were employed in analyzing qualitative data. Quantitative data was presented using tables, graphs, and charts while verbatim narratives were used in presenting qualitative data. The study findings are of significant use in policy and academic decision making. The study findings have both policy and academic implications to the communities, local leaders and the National and County governments in addressing inter-clan conflicts between communities living in Wajir North Sub-County. The study concludes that socio-economic factors influence the recurrence of inter-clan conflicts in Wajir North Sub-County Kenya. The study recommends continuous public campaigns and public awareness to fight inter-clan conflicts. Also, there should be fair distribution of resources in Wajir North Sub-county so that all the communities can benefit equally.
Are Women The Dominant Entrepreneurs In Indonesia?
Authors: Agussani
Published: June 2020

Research evidence has confirmed that women entrepreneurship is crucial to the growth and development of national economies as well as the global economy. For example, the businesses that women own and manage in a country are a major source of employment for many youths. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine whether there are more women entrepreneurs than men entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The relevant articles for the study were identified using a defined search strategy and predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the initial search, a total of 54,800 articles were found suitable for the review. Nevertheless, a further refined search identified a sample of 49 articles. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the following themes were identified: definition of entrepreneurship, male and female entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs in Indonesia, the challenges facing Indonesian women entrepreneurs, the trend of women entrepreneurship in Indonesia, and the preference for informal business. The evaluation of the studies showed that in Indonesia, about 26% of women are actively involved in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, it was also confirmed that approximately 60% of the micro-sized, small-sized, and medium-sized firms in the country are women-owned. Although there has been an increase in the number of female entrepreneurs in Indonesia, especially in the informal sector, this group still faces challenges such as discrimination, the gap in wages, and prejudice. Moreover, the survey also revealed that the majority of men entrepreneurs are found in the formal sector and are the owner of large modern businesses. It is suggested that to address the gender difference between the male and female entrepreneurs in both the formal and informal sectors of the economy, and the Indonesian government should develop and implement policies designed to empower women in different ways.
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Intercultural Sensitivity of Students in a Chinese University
Authors: Thandar Cho Myo , Ulwiyyah
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity of international students and chinese students in a university of china. A total 233 students participated. 122 students were chinese and 111 students were international students. English version of wong and law emotional intelligence scale (wleis), and chen and starosta’s (2000) intercultural sensitivity scale (iss) were directly used to measure the emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity of international students while they were translated into chinese for chinese students. The results showed that there were no significant differences in emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity based on gender, foreign experience and length of stay in china. International students were significantly higher in both emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity than chinese students after controlling for age differences and educational level. Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with intercultural sensitivity and it had 52.5% predictive ability on intercultural sensitivity.
Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Properties of Sideritis perfoliata subsp. athoa (Papan. &Kokkini) Baden and Sideritis trojana Bornm. Teas from Mount Ida-Turkey and Their Phenolic Characterization by LC-MS/MS
Authors: ÇARIKÇI Sema
Published: June 2020

The phenolic profile, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of teas prepared from two Sideritis(L.) species: Sideritis perfoliata subsp. athoa (Papan. &Kokkini) Baden. and Sideritis trojana Bornm, collected from Mount Ida (Kaz Dağı) Turkey, were determined. The teas were prepared by infusion and decoction methods. The quantitative amounts of the phenolic contents were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The major phytochemicals were found to be fumaric acid for infusion and decoction samples of S. trojana and infusion of S. perfoliata subsp. athoa, chlorogenic acid for decoction of S. perfoliata subsp. athoa. The tea samples prepared by decoction method were found to be rich in phenolics. Apart from the fact that the decoction sample of S. trojana exhibited the best antioxidant effect in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β -carotene bleaching and cupric (Cu2+) ion reducing power assay (CUPRAC) methods among the tested samples at all concentrations, and showed significant inhibition effect at 200 μg/mL against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (59.74%, 64.99%, respectively).
Análisis comparativo de eficiencia en mercados emergentes. El caso de Colombia, Chile y Perú
Authors: Meneses Cerón Luis Ángel , Pérez Pacheco Camilo Andrés
Published: June 2020

El estudio de los mercados bursátiles constituye un tema prioritario en el contexto actual, dada su contribución al desarrollo económico y financiero al facilitar la transferencia de recursos del ahorro hacia la inversión. En ese orden de ideas, el presente artículo analiza comparativamente la hipótesis de eficiencia del mercado en la forma débil de los índices bursátiles de Colombia, Chile y Perú por medio de la aplicación de cuatro pruebas estadísticas a las series de rendimientos en el periodo 2008-2014. Se encontró que los retornos de los tres mercados presentan raíz unitaria, mostrando la presencia de eficiencia informacional en el sentido débil. Lo anterior implica que no es posible para ningún agente económico rea-lizar predicciones sobre los precios de las acciones transadas en ellos, utilizando únicamente información histórica de las cotizaciones.
Análisis de las preferencias de financiación de las pymes colombianas dedicadas al e-commerce periodo 2015-2017
Authors: Beltrán Beltrán Jenny Paola , Medina Arias Yuliana Andrea , Muñoz Muñoz Luisa Fernanda , Villada Urbano Karen Viviana
Published: June 2020

Después de observar cómo el auge del internet ha incidido en un cambio ge-neracional de costumbres y formas de consumo que ha dado como resultado el nacimiento y, a su vez, la clausura de múltiples negocios a nivel mundial, este trabajo pretende reconocer si las nuevas empresas soportadas en las tecnologías de la información y de comunicación que se dedican al comercio electrónico aplican la teoría de preferencias o pecking order al momento de financiarse. Por tanto, el presente documento desarrolla una exploración bibliografía acerca de las pymes enfocadas en e-commerce y la evolución en Colombia entre el 2015 y el 2017, se evalúa los principales indicadores de endeudamiento con base en la información financiera reportada a la superintendencia financiera de Colombia y se concluye que las empresas analizadas no tienen una escala de preferencia entre el financia-miento con recursos propios y el endeudamiento con entidades financieras como lo expone la teoría.