bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbs fide atque aerumnis incluta - acerca del mite de Sagunt en època augústea
Authors: Wicha Stephan
Published: January 2016

Este artículo revisa y examina la evidencia textual en las fuentes antiguas sobre el mito de la ejemplar fides Saguntina, comparándola con los datos de la investigación arqueológica, epigráfica y numismática. Frente a la tesis de investigaciones anteriores, no puede probarse una relación entre la población indígena de Arse y el asentamiento mítico griego ni una relación con los Rutuli latinos. En contra de la opinión de algunos investigadores modernos, ni siquiera el relato de los bravos Saguntini que se sacrificaron a raíz de su alianza con Roma parece ser anterior a la época final de la República romana. Los Saguntini inventaron una tradición a partir de los recuerdos vagos de la conquista cartaginesa para fortalecer los lazos con el Imperio Romano y para no ser considerados como bárbaros hispanos.
La Penya Roja (Cocentaina, Alicante): nuevas aportaciones para el conocimiento del arte rupestre esquemático y el territorio Neolítico en torno a la cuenca del Riu Penàguila
Authors: Barciela González Virginia , Molina Hernández Francisco Javier
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer un nuevo yacimiento con manifestaciones de Arte Rupestre Esquemático, Penya Roja, localizado en la vertiente este de la Serreta. Además, se ha tratado de relacionar éste y otros yacimientos de arte localizados en la cuenca del Riu Penàguila con el poblamiento durante el Neolítico de estas tierras.
La Alcudia ibérica: una necesaria reflexión arqueológica
Authors: Moratalla Jávega Jesús
Published: January 2016

En el siguiente trabajo se realiza un análisis crítico de la abundante bibliografía que ha generado la excavación de los niveles ibéricos del yacimiento de La Alcudia (Elche, Alicante), acompañado cuando ha sido posible del estudio de determinadas piezas cerámicas que consideramos especialmente adecuadas para trazar una secuencia diacrónica lo más ajustada posible del oppidum ibérico. El objetivo último sería, pues, corroborar o refutar la afirmación según la cual el yacimiento ofrece exactamente la misma estratigrafía en cualquier punto del altozano, hecho que, en nuestra opinión, se compadece mal con los datos publicados a lo largo de décadas.
Los mármoles de La Vega (Balazote, Albacete). Tipos y morfología
Authors: Sarabia Bautista Julia , Muñoz Ojeda Francisco Javier
Published: January 2016

Las excavaciones en La Vega de Balazote (Albacete), proporcionaron, a finales de la década de los ochenta, uno de los conjuntos marmóreos más importantes del panorama rural hispano de finales del Imperio. En este trabajo presentamos los diferentes tipos aparecidos y su posible adscripción cronológica y espacial dentro del grupo de edificaciones halladas en el yacimiento, pertenecientes en su mayoría a opera sectilia parietales y pavimentales.
La versión griega de la leyenda demótica del Ojo del Sol
Authors: López Martínez María Paz , Torallas Tovar Sofía
Published: January 2016

Este artículo es el estudio previo de un papiro del siglo III d.C. conocido como "Leyenda de Tefnut". Se trata de la traducción al griego de una leyenda egipcia que narra el mito del Ojo del Sol. Aunque hasta ahora ha recibido poca atención, se trata de un fragmento importante porque es el único caso en el que contamos con la traducción al griego y con el propio texto demótico original. La leyenda demótica se ha conservado en varias versiones, la más importante de las cuales se encuentra en el Museo de Leiden. Narra la huida de la diosa Tefnut desde Egipto hasta Etiopía como consecuencia de una riña con su padre. El padre encarga al dios Tot la difícil misión de hacer volver a su hija. Durante el viaje de vuelta Tot intenta distraer a Tefnut contándole historias que la diviertan y ensalzando las virtudes de su patria.
Statistical analysis of numerical preclinical radiobiological data
Authors: Pitt Joel H. , Hill Helene Z.
Published: January 2016

Background

Scientific fraud is an increasingly vexing problem. Many current programs for fraud detection focus on image manipulation, while techniques for detection based on anomalous patterns that may be discoverable in the underlying numerical data get much less attention, even though these techniques are often easy to apply.

Methods

We applied statistical techniques in considering and and comparing data sets from 10 researchers in one laboratory and three outside investigators to determine whether anomalous patterns in data from a research teaching specialist (RTS) were likely to have occurred by chance. Rightmost digits of values in RTS data sets were not, as expected, uniform. Equal pairs of terminal digits occurred at higher than expected frequency (>10%) and an unexpectedly large number of data triples commonly produced in such research included values near their means as an element. We applied standard statistical tests (chi-square goodness of fit, binomial probabilities) to determine the likelihood of the first two anomalous patterns and developed a new statistical model to test the third.

Results

Application of the three tests to various data sets reported by RTS resulted in repeated rejection of the hypotheses (often at p-levels well below 0.001) that anomalous patterns in those data may have occurred by chance. Similar application to data sets from other investigators was entirely consistent with chance occurrence.

Conclusions

This analysis emphasizes the importance of access to raw data that form the bases of publications, reports, and grant applications in order to evaluate the correctness of the conclusions and the importance of applying statistical methods to detect anomalous, especially potentially fabricated, numerical results.
Transboundary Cooperations in Rwanda
Authors: Pohl Robin
Published: January 2016

How is transnational cooperation practically conducted in the East African country of Rwanda, and how is it organised? Can the worlds of development aid and private business be compared? In this ethnography, Robin Pohl identifies the organisational patterns used by Rwandan, European and Indian partners. Different types of agencies, companies or projects each relate foreign activities differently to their local environment. The effects of potential divisions at the global level turn into assets or liabilities on the operative level of transboundary cooperations, depending on their context.
Autobiografietheorie in der Postmoderne
Authors: Walter-Jochum Robert
Published: January 2016

Die Autobiografie gerät durch die Erkenntnistheorie der Postmoderne unter Druck: Dass ein Text die Wirklichkeit wiedergeben kann, stellen Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Hayden White oder Michel Foucault ebenso infrage wie die Existenz eines geschlossenen Subjekts, auf der die Gattung aufbaut. Robert Walter-Jochum zeigt, dass die Theorie der Autobiografie unter den Vorzeichen des linguistic turn auf eine alternative Grundlage gestellt werden muss, die aber auch einen neuen Blick auf das Genre ermöglicht. Er geht der Herausbildung von Subjektivität in den Texten von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Thomas Bernhard, Josef Winkler, Thomas Glavinic und Paul Auster nach.
Crux Scenica - Eine Kulturgeschichte der Szene von Aischylos bis YouTube
Authors: Christians Heiko
Published: January 2016

Verschiedene Wissenschaften und Künste arbeiten seit langem mit Begriff und Technik der Szene - das Theater ebenso wie der Film, die Psychoanalyse ebenso wie die Soziologie. Aber was steckt hinter diesem (Allerwelts-)Begriff und was leistet er? Wie organisiert die theateraffine Form der Szene bis heute sprachlich und technisch unsere Vorstellungen, Wahrnehmungen, Unterhaltungen, Fachsprachen oder Kunstwerke? Wie hat man sich diese Wechselwirkung zwischen einem Begriff einerseits und technischen Medien oder sogar einem immateriellen Gedanken- und Bilderstrom andererseits vorzustellen? Heiko Christians erzählt eine Geschichte der Szene, in der sich begriffliche und materiale Verhältnisse kreuzen, die für gewöhnlich auseinandergehalten werden.
Tierschutz als Agrarpolitik
Authors: Gall Philipp von
Published: January 2016

Seit Langem ergehen in Deutschland Forderungen an die Politik, Tiere in der Agrartierhaltung besser zu schützen. Gleichzeitig legitimieren rechtliche Mindestanforderungen die Tierhaltung im Namen eines Tierschutz-Sachverstandes. Philipp von Gall untersucht die Verbindung beider Umstände und begründet auf Basis philosophischer Arbeiten u.a. von Peter Goldie, Markus Wild und Cora Diamond, warum die vor rund 40 Jahren beschlossenen Voraussetzungen des Sachverstandes neu verhandelt werden sollten. Er zeigt: Erst das Ende der Ausblendung der tierlichen Subjektivität und der menschlichen Emotion aus der Entscheidungsfindung wird dabei helfen, gesellschaftlich akzeptierte Kompromisse zu erreichen.
Global solution of reaction diusion system with full matrix
Authors: Maroua Mebarki , Abdelkader Moumeni
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this paper is to prove the global existence in time of solutions for the strongly coupled reaction-diffusion system:

with full matrix of diffusion coefficients. Our techniques of proof are based on Lyapunov functional methods and some \(L^{p}\) estimates. we show that global solutions exist. Our investigation applied for a wide class of the nonlinear terms f and g.
A Hilbert-type integral inequality with its best extension
Authors: Weiliang Wu , Donglan Lian
Published: January 2016

By using the way of weight function and the technique of real analysis, a new  Hilbert-type integral inequality with a  kernel as \(min\{x^{\lambda_1},y^{\lambda_2}\}\) and its equivalent form are established. As application, the constant factor on the plane are the best value and its best extension form with some parameters and the reverse forms are also considered.
Komposisi dan Vegetasi Hutan Mangrove di Pulau-Pulau Kecil, di Pasaman Barat (Mangrove Forest Composition and Vegetation Small Islands at West Pasaman)
Authors: Kamal Eni , Haris Hasnil
Published: January 2016

Komposisi dan vegetasi ekosistem mangrove pada suatu kawasan yang tumbuh di pulau-pulau kecil umumnya tidak sama dan tergantung kepada ekologi dari ekosistem pulau tersebut. Tujuan ini penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi dari komposisi, struktur vegetasidan jenis mangrove yang hidup pada masing-masing pulau kecil di kawasan Pasaman Barat. Metode ang digunakan adalah survei lapangan untuk mendapatkan jenis, komposisi dan struktur vegetasi dari masing-masing pulau dengan melakukan teknik  transek kuadrat. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan di beberapa tiga pulau di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat (pulau Taming, pulau Harimau, dan pulau Panjang) menunjukkan bahwa ke tiga pulau tersebut telah teridentifikasi tumbuhan 15 spesies, 11 famili, 2 famili dan 5 spesies merupakan masuk pada kategori mangrove sejati dan spesies dominan adalah R. stylosa dengan indek nilai penting (IVi) untuk tingkat pohon 192,88% di pulau Taming, pulau Harimau 36 spesies, 24 famili, 9 spesies dan 4 famili masuk pada mangrove sejati, spesies dominan R. apiculata, (IVi ) adalah 229,82%, sedangkan pada pulau Panjang 18 spesies, 14 famili, dimana 5 spesies dan 2 famili masuk kategori mangrove sejati, spesies dominan R. mucronata dengan (IVi ) 92,98%. Dari masing-masing pulau menunjukkan komposisi, struktur vegetasi dan kedominan speises yang berbeda dan ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan  subtrat yang dominan yang terdapat pada masing-masing pulau. Kata kunci: komposisi; vegetasi; mangrove, pulau-pulau kecil; Pasaman Barat Composition and vegetation of mangrove ecosystem in an area including that grown in small islands is different and depends on ecology and ecosystem of the islands. The purpose of the research is for getting the information of composition, vegetation structure and mangrove type that grown an each small islands in west Pasaman area. The method use was a survey of the field to get the type, composition and vegetation structure of each island by using transectsquares technique.In the research that has been done on several islands in the West Pasaman (Taming Island, Harimau Island, and Panjang Island), have been identified plants on Tamang Island that had 15 species and 11 families, which 2 families and 5 spesies were categorized as true mangroves and the dominant spesies is R. stylosa with important value index (IVi) is 192.88%, on Harimau Island found 36 species and 24 families, which 9 species and 4 families were categorized as true mangroves and the dominant is R. apiculata with 229.82% (Vi), while on Panjang Island found 18 plant species and 14 families, which 5 species and 2 families were categorized as true mangroves, the dominant species is R. mucronata with 92.98%. From each island showed composition, vegetation structure and different dominant spesies and this different is caused by the dominant substrate fand on each island. Keywords: composition; vegetation; mangrove; small islands; West Pasaman
Bioekologi Ikan Kerapu di Kepulauan Karimunjawa (Bioecology of Groupers in Karimunjawa Waters)
Authors: Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Sugianti Yayuk
Published: January 2016

Kelompok ikan yang menjadi target penangkapan di perairan Kepulauan Karimunjawa antara lain adalah ikan yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem karang, seperti Kerapu (Epinephelus sp. dan Plectropomus sp.). Kerapu tergolong ikan demersal yang menyukai hidup di antara celah karang atau di dalam gua di dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi bioekologi ikan Kerapu di Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2011-2013. Komunitas ikan Kerapu diamati dengan menggunakan metode transek garis pada kedalaman 5-6 dan 10-11 meter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ikan Kerapu mempunyai keanekaragaman yang rendah dengan sebaran jenis yang merata di seluruh perairan. Terdapat dominasi jenis di Pulau Cendikian. Kesamaan jenis terdekat pada nilai  >95 % di kedalaman 5-6 meter dan 10-11 meter yang membentuk empat kelompok terdekat. Determinasi jenis ikan Kerapu dengan hasil tingkat kesamaan jenis terdekat dengan nilai >95 % di Pulau Kumbang (sisi utara), Pulau Kembar dan Batu Lawang. Perbedaan indeks ekologi dan kesamaan jenis Kerapu diduga dikarenakan faktor fisik-kimia perairan dan ketersediaan nutrisi serta oleh aktivitas nelayan dan kegiatan masyarakat. Kata kunci: ikan; Kerapu; indeks ekologi; Karimunjawa  Fish target groups in Karimunjawa waters consist of associated coral reef fish species such as grouper (Epinephelus sp. and Plectropomus sp.). This study aims to determine bioecology the condition of grouper in Karimunjawa waters. The study was conducted during 2011-2013. Data collection was performed using line transect method at 5-6 and 10-11 meters depth. The ecological value of grouper in waters Karimunjawa showed low diversity and the species of groupers is evenly distributed across the waters. There is species dominance in Cendikian Island. The species also showed closest similarity (> 95 %) in both the depth and formed 4 groups. The closest similarity (​​> 95 %) happened among the waters of north side of Kembang Islands Beetles (north side),  Kembar Island and Batu Lawang. The condition of groupers in Karimunjawa waters is affected by physical-chemical factors, the availability of nutrients, fishing activities and community activity.   Keywords: fish; grouper; ecological index; Karimunjawa
Observation, Isolation and Characterization of Microalgal Red Tide Agent Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum sp. (Pengamatan, Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroalga Red Tide dari Dinoflagellata Prorocentrum sp)
Authors: Susilaningsih Dwi
Published: January 2016

Spesies Dinophyte mempunyai habitat dari kutub, perairan tropis, tetapi semakin berlimpah di perairan tropis atau hangat. Dinophyte diduga sebagai penyebab terjadinya "red tide" sehingga nampak berwarna kuning kemerahan di laut ketikan malam hari disebabkan aktivitas bioluminescence.Penelitian ini menggunakan Dinophyte yang diisolasi dari pantai dan sampel air yang diperoleh dari di Prefektur Iwate, Jepang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui taksonomi yang menyebabkan blooming. Spesies ini memiliki karakter yang spesifik bernbentuk oval (panjang 20-30 μm dan lebar 1-20 μm), kloroplas berwarna kuning, nukleus yang besar, dua flagel yang berbeda, yang salah satunya disebut flagellum transfer, tidak memiliki selaput tengah yang, ornament sel yang indah "theca"dengan tulang belakang. Berdasarkan hasil squensing pada 18 S rDNA, Dinophyte mempunyai kesamaan dengan strain Prorocentrum MBIC11147 (100%), Di masa yang akan datang penelitian Procentrum sp. bisa menggunakan sebagai model squensing, perilaku pasang mikroalga. Kata kunci: alga, Dinophyte, karakterisasi, isolation, Prorocentrum, red tide Dinophyte species inhabit from polar, temperate to tropical waters, but tend to be more abundant in tropical or warm waters. The Dinophytes is suspected as one of the genera causing red tide in the sea with their yellow-redish colour that make the sea glows in the night because of their bioluminescence activity. In this work, the Dinophyte was isolated from offshore, and water sample collected in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Purposes of the studies were for understanding the taxonomic features in particular of the dinophytes that usually occur in blooming areas. The species has specific characters, such as oval shape ( 20-30 μm long and 1-20 μm wide), yellow chloroplast, large nucleus, possesses two different flagellas which one of them is specific called transfer flagellum, no middle furrow and beautiful ornament cell covering (theca) with spine. Based on the partial sequencing of the 18 S rDNA, the Dinophyte is precisely same as the reference strain Prorocentrum MBIC11147 (100%), which was determined as Prorocentrum sp. In the future, this study could be uses as model of sequel behavior of the microalgal red tide. Keywords: algae, Dinophyte, characterization, isolation, Prorocentrum, red tide
Pengaruh Selang Waktu Peletakkan Terhadap Keberhasilan Penetasan Telur Penyu Hijau (Chelonia mydas L.) (Effect of Planting Time on Egg Hatching Success of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas L.)
Authors: Kushartono Edi Wibowo , Susilo Endang Sri , Fatchiyyah Sayyidah
Published: January 2016

Salah satu usaha konservasi melindungi Penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas L.) yaitu dengan tindakan relokasi dengan memindahkan telur dari sarang alami ke tempat penetasan semi alami. Waktu pemindahan dan peletakan telur yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk memperoleh daya tetas maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh selang waktu peletakan telur Penyu Hijau terhadap keberhasilan penetasannya. Rancangan penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok berdasarkan 3 induk yang berbeda dengan perlakuan selang waktu peletakan yaitu 2, 7 dan 12 jam. Pengukuran dan pengamatan kondisi lingkungan dilakukan selama inkubasi. Pengamatan munculnya tukik mulai dilakukan pada hari ke 50 masa inkubasi.  Pembongkaran sarang dilakukan pada hari ke 60 masa inkubasi kemudian dilakukan pembedahan secara manual untuk mengamati telur yang gagal menetas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh nyata secara signifikan adanya perbedaan selang waktu peletakan terhadap keberhasilan penetasan dan keberhasilan kemunculan. Namun selang waktu peletakan dengan nilai yang baik ditunjukkan pada 2 jam, dilanjutkan dengan 12 jam dan 7 jam. Kata kunci: penetasan, penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas L.), semi alami One of the conservation efforts undertaken to protect the green turtle (C. mydas L.) is by relocation of the nest where the eggs are removed from natural to semi-natural hatchery. A right time for the removal and burial of eggs are needed to obtain maximum hatching rate. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of interval laying period on the hatching success of the green turtle eggs. Randomized block design is used which is based on three different turtles with treatment interval of burying, which is 2, 7, and 12 h. Measurements and observations were made during the environmental conditions of the incubation period. Observations hatchling emergence started on day 50 of incubation. Nest destruction was conducted on the 60th day incubation then eggs that failed to hatch were manually disected. The result showed that there is no significant influence of the time differences on the hatching success and emergence success. However, the best time was foound on 2h time treatment, folowed by 12h and 7h. Keywords: hatching, green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.), semi-natural hatchery
Growth of Favia and Favites Coral Transplants Based on Polyps Number (Pertumbuhan Karang Transplan Genus Favia dan Favites Berdasarkan Jumlah Polip)
Authors: Wijayanti Diah Permata , Indrayanti Elis , Asri Wandi Febrian , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto
Published: January 2016

Budidaya karang melalui teknik transplantasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk menyelamatkan keberadaan karang terumbu di alam. Selain untuk diperdagangkan, karang hasil transplantasi juga dapat ditanam untuk memperbaiki terumbu karang yang rusak. Penelitian ini menggunakan ukuran dan bentuk polip Favia dan Favites sebagai dasar penentuan ukuran benih untuk mengurangi kerusakan koloni donor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan transplan Favia dan Favites. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Dua ukuran polip dipilih mewakili ukuran benih kecil dan besar, yaitu 2 cm dan 4 cm. Penanaman karang transplan dilakukan di Teluk Awur selama bulan April hingga November. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap 2 minggu sekali. Analisa data menggunakan ANCOVA. Analisa statistik menunjukkan pertumbuhan kedua ukuran transplan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pertumbuhan transplan Favia dan Favites ditandai dengan munculnya tunas intratentakular. Pertumbuhan transplan tertinggi dicapai transplan Favites ukuran 4 cm dengan kecepatan tumbuh 0.596 cm2.bulan-1, sedangkan pertumbuhan terendah ditunjukkan oleh transplan Favites ukuran 2 cm dengan pertumbuhan 0.463 cm2.bulan-1. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan karang, transplantasi, Favia, Favites, jumlah polip Cultivation coral by using transplantation method is one attempt to alleviatecorals collection in nature. In addition to be traded, the corals can be transplanted to repair damaged coral reefs. This study utilized size and polyps form of coral Favia and Favites to be transplanted to minimize damage of coral donors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth of Favia and Favites transplants. The research was carried out by experimental method using a completely randomized design. Two different size of polyps i.e 2 polypsrepresented small size and 4 polyps represented large size were applied for each coral species. Research was conducted from April–November at Teluk Awur Bay, Jepara. The samples were observed every two weeks. Collected data wereanalyzed by repeated measurement ANCOVA. Statistical analysis showed that the growth of transplants did not show significant differences (P>0.05) between each genus and between 2 and 4 polyps. The growth of transplants have shown by extratentacular budding on Favia and intratentacular budding on Favites. The highest growth rate of transplants was shown by 4 polyps of Favites at 0.596 cm2.mo-1 and the lowest by 2 polyps of Favites at 0.463 cm2.mo-1,respectively. Keywords: Coral Growth, Transplantation, Favia, Favites, Number of Polyps
Potential Marine Fungi Hypocreaceae sp. as Agarase Enzyme to Hydrolyze Macroalgae Gelidium latifolium (Potensi Jamur Hypocreaceae sp. sebagai Enzim Agarase untuk menghidrolisis Makroalga Gelidium latifolium)
Authors: Kawaroe Mujizat , Setyaningsih Dwi , Negara Bertoka Fajar SP , Augustine Dina
Published: January 2016

Agarase dapat mendegradasi agar ke oligosakarida dan memiliki banyak manfaat untuk makanan, kosmetik, dan lain-lain. Banyak spesies pendegradasi agar adalah organismelaut. Beberapa agarase telah diisolasi dari genera yang berbeda dari mikroorganisme yang ditemukan di air dan sedimen laut. Hypocreaceae sp. diisolasi dari air laut Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi gen 16S rDNA dari 500 basis pasangan, isolat A10 memiliki 99% kesamaan dengan Hypocreaceae sp. Enzim agarase ekstraseluler dari Hypocreaceae sp. memiliki pH dan suhu optimum pada 8 TrisHCl (0,148 μ.mL-1) dan 50°C (0,182 μ.mL-1), masing-masing. Enzim Agarase dari Hypocreaceae sp. mencapai kondisi optimum pada aktivitas enzim tertinggi selama inkubasi dalam 24 jam (0,323 μ.mL-1). SDS page mengungkapkan bahwa ada dua band dari protein yang dihasilkan oleh agarase dari Hypocreaceae sp. yang berada di berat molekul 39 kDa dan 44 kDa dan hidrolisis Gelidium latifolium diperoleh 0,88% etanol. Kata kunci: enzim agarase, Hypocreaceae sp., hidrolisis, fungi, rDNA. Agarase can degradedagarto oligosaccharide and has a lot of benefits for food, cosmetics, and others. Many species of agar- degrader are marine-organism. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of microorganisms found in seawater and marine sediments. Hypocreaceae sp. was isolated from sea water of Pari Islands, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia. Based on the results of the 16S rDNA gene identification of 500 base pairs, A10 isolates had 99 % similarity toHypocreaceae sp. The extracellular agarase enzyme from Hypocreaceae sp. have optimum pH and temperature at 8 TrisHCl (0.148 µ.mL-1) and 50 °C (0.182 µ.mL-1), respectively. Agarase enzyme of Hypocreaceae sp. reach an optimum condition at the highest enzyme activity during incubation in 24 hours (0.323 µ.mL-1). SDS Page revealed that there are two bands of protein produced by agarase of Hypocreaceae sp. which are at molecular weight of 39 kDa and 44 kDa and hydrolisis of Gelidium latifolium obtained 0,88% ethanol. Key words: agarase enzym, Hypocreaceae sp., hydrolysis, marine fungi, rDNA
Amplitude Variations of Tidal Harmonic Constituents in Bitung Station (Variasi Amplitudo Konstituen Harmonik Pasang Surut Utama di Stasiun Bitung)
Authors: Salnuddin Salnuddin , Nurjaya I Wayan , Jaya Indra , Natih Nyoman M N
Published: January 2016

Perhitungan konstituen harmonik pasang surut masih menggunakan metode konvensional, pengembangan metode dominan pada sistem komputasinya dan menggunakan sistem penanggalan Masehi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, apakah amplitudo konstituen harmonik yang dihitung dari pengelompokan data berdasarkan penanggalan Hijriah memberikan karakter yang relatif sama (stabil) dibulan yang sama dibandingkan dengan penanggalan Masehi. Perbandingan tersebut dilakukan pada 10 konstituen harmonik utama pasang surut, guna membandingkan perhitungan tunggang air dari nilai konstituen dan dari Metode Suku Sama (MSS). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai deviasi amplitudo sangat kecil dari masing-masing konstituen harmonik pada perhitungan berdasarkan sistem kalender Hijriah, dimana amplitudo pada bulan Sya’ban relatif stabil dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada bulan lainnya. Nilai koefisien determinan (R2) untuk data awal pasang surut pada fase bulan baru (BB) dan bulan purnama (BP) lebih tinggi dibandingkan data awal pada fase bulan lainnya. ANOVAmenghasilkan konstituen K1dan S2terpengaruh jika data dimulai saat fase bulan kuartil I (KW1) dan purnama (BP), sedangkan saat fase awal kuartil 2 (KW2) terjadi pada konstituen P1 dan K2, MS4 dan M4. Dengan demikian, perhitungan amplitudo konstituen harmonik lebih optimum jika data dimulai saat fase bulan baru atau mengikuti penanggalan Hijriah.
Evaluation of the Quality of Coatings Deposited on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using the Anodising Method / Ocena Jakości Powłok Wykonanych Na Stopie Magnezu Az31 Metodą Anodowania
Authors: Wieczorek J. , Oleksiak B. , Mizera J. , Kulikowski K. , Maj P.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents results of a study on the quality of coatings deposited on surfaces of AZ31 magnesium alloy products. In order to obtain protective coatings (corrosion and erosive wear protection), the methods of anodising (specimens A, B and C) and, for comparison, electroless plating (specimen D) were applied. The assessment of coating quality was based on the scratch test results. The results were used for determination of critical loads resulting in coating rupture. The best result was obtained for the specimen B (sulphuric acid anodising in combination with sealing): the critical load was 7.5 N. The smallest value (5.5 N) was observed for the specimen D, i.e. the coating produced using the electroless plating method. Moreover, erosion resistance of the coatings was assessed. In this case, a depth of the wear trace due to an erodent agent (SiC powder) effects was investigated. The results are comparable to those obtained in the scratch test. The poorest erosion resistance is demonstrated by the coating D and the best resistance is observed for the coating B.
Research on Extruded Products of Mgalzn Alloys – Microstructure and Mechanical Properties / Badania Wyrobów Wyciskanych Ze Stopów Mgalzn – Mikrostruktura I Właściwości Mechaniczne
Authors: Płonka B. , Remsak K. , Korczak P. , Lech-Grega M. , Rajda M.
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to test and assess products extruded from the magnesium alloys type MgAlZn: AZ31, AZ61 and AZ80A alloys in the form of Ø35mm round bars and 80x15mm flat bars. The test material was extruded in a direct system with the ram feed speed of 1 mm/s and the extrusion ratio λ = 7 ÷ 9. The extruded bars were examined in as-extruded state and after heat treatment to the T5 temper and T6 temper. The strength properties were tested and microstructure was examined with calculation of the average grain size.
Efficient assembly of quinoxaline derivatives from benzene-1,2-diamines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and ninhydrin
Authors: Sharafi Zohreh , Piltan Mohammad
Published: January 2016

The hitherto unreported, highly functionalized alkyl 2-(2-hydroxy-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-2-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)acetate derivatives 4 have been synthesized in excellent yields via a one-pot three-component reaction of benzene-1,2-diamines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and ninhydrin under mild conditions.
A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-nitrolic acids. The first X-ray investigation of Z-isomeric nitrolic acid
Authors: Bakharev Vladimir V. , Parfenov Victor E. , Gidaspov Alexander A. , Selezneva Eugenia V. , Baymuratov Marat R. , Averkiev Boris B. , Sheremetev Aleksei B.
Published: January 2016

A simple and convenient method for the preparation of 2,4-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-nitrolic acids has been developed. The first example of nitrolic acid with Z-configuration was revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Geopolymers as potential new binder class for the wood based composite industry
Authors: Shalbafan Ali , Welling Johannes , Hasch Joachim
Published: January 2016

Geopolymer binders are an emerging class of mineral polymer that can be manufactured from natural raw materials and industrial byproducts containing high amounts of silica (Si) and alumina (Al) in mineral compositions. Various ratios of materials used for manufacturing geopolymer binder have been tested to evaluate the bonding performance of geopolymers with wood by means of tests performed on an automated bonding evaluation system (ABES). Tests with a binder based on sodium silicate water glass (Na 50T) are partly promising, which resulted only 10% lower shear strength than that based on urea formaldehyde. The binder characteristics were significantly influenced by changing the ratio of SiO2:M2O (M=Na or K) and the ratio solid content to chemical base in the water glass. Expectedly, increasing press temperatures and pressing times showed a positive correlation with the curing performance of geopolymer binder. It was also demonstrated that the binder properties can be changed in wide ranges to obtain binders which fulfill the minimum requirements set by industrial users.
Transformation Problem with Different Accuracy of Measured Data
Authors: Marek Jaroslav , Kubáček Lubomír
Published: January 2016

Let us have a group of points in 2D given by their coordinates in a system I. The points are located among other points with coordinates given in system II. The coordinates in the system I are much more accurate than the coordinates in the system II. The problem is to find the coordinates in the system II of the points of the given group however in such a way that the Euclidean distance between any two points are of the same accuracy as in the system I.
Ubiquitous User Localization in LBS – The Need for Implementing Ethical Thinking in Our Research Field
Authors: Retscher Guenther , Obex Franz
Published: January 2016

Location-based Services (LBS) influence nowadays every individual’s life due to the emerging market penetration of smartphones and other mobile devices. For smartphone Apps localization technologies are developed ranging from GNSS beyond to other alternative ubiquitous positioning methods as well as the use of the in-built inertial sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometer, barometer, etc. Moreover, signals-of-opportunity which are not intended for positioning at the first sight but are receivable in many environments such as in buildings and public spaces are more and more utilized for positioning and navigation. The use of Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a typical example. These technologies, however, have become very powerful tools as the enable to track an individual or even a group of users. Most technical researchers imply that it is mainly about further enhancing technologies and algorithms including the development of new advanced Apps to improve personal navigation and to deliver location oriented information just in time to a single LBS user or group of users. The authors claim that there is a need that ethical and political issues have to be addressed within our research community from the very beginning. Although there is a lot of research going on in developing algorithms to keep ones data and LBS search request in private, researchers can no longer keep their credibility without cooperating with ethical experts or an ethical committee. In a study called InKoPoMoVer (Cooperative Positioning for Real-time User Assistance and Guidance at Multi-modal Public Transit Junctions) a cooperation with social scientists was initiated for the first time at the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, in this context. The major aims of this study in relation to ethical questions are addressed in this paper.
Mapping with Small UAS: A Point Cloud Accuracy Assessment
Authors: Toth Charles , Jozkow Grzegorz , Grejner-Brzezinska Dorota
Published: January 2016

Interest in using inexpensive Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) technology for topographic mapping has recently significantly increased. Small UAS platforms equipped with consumer grade cameras can easily acquire high-resolution aerial imagery allowing for dense point cloud generation, followed by surface model creation and orthophoto production. In contrast to conventional airborne mapping systems, UAS has limited ground coverage due to low flying height and limited flying time, yet it offers an attractive alternative to high performance airborne systems, as the cost of the sensors and platform, and the flight logistics, is relatively low. In addition, UAS is better suited for small area data acquisitions and to acquire data in difficult to access areas, such as urban canyons or densely built-up environments. The main question with respect to the use of UAS is whether the inexpensive consumer sensors installed in UAS platforms can provide the geospatial data quality comparable to that provided by conventional systems.

This study aims at the performance evaluation of the current practice of UAS-based topographic mapping by reviewing the practical aspects of sensor configuration, georeferencing and point cloud generation, including comparisons between sensor types and processing tools. The main objective is to provide accuracy characterization and practical information for selecting and using UAS solutions in general mapping applications. The analysis is based on statistical evaluation as well as visual examination of experimental data acquired by a Bergen octocopter with three different image sensor configurations, including a GoPro HERO3+ Black Edition, a Nikon D800 DSLR and a Velodyne HDL-32. In addition, georeferencing data of varying quality were acquired and evaluated. The optical imagery was processed by using three commercial point cloud generation tools. Comparing point clouds created by active and passive sensors by using different quality sensors, and finally, by different commercial software tools, provides essential information for the performance validation of UAS technology.
Teaching Size and Power Properties of Hypothesis Tests Through Simulations
Authors: Taşpınar Süleyman , Doğan Osman
Published: January 2016

In this study, we review the graphical methods suggested in Davidson and MacKinnon (Davidson, Russell, and James G. MacKinnon. 1998. “Graphical Methods for Investigating the Size and Power of Hypothesis Tests.”
Omega-3 fatty acids modulate neonatal cytokine response to endotoxin
Authors: Espiritu Michael M. , Lin Hong , Foley Elizabeth , Tsang Valerie , Rhee Eunice , Perlman Jeffrey , Cunningham-Rundles Susanna
Published: January 2016

Neonatal immune response is characterized by an uncompensated pro-inflammatory response that can lead to inflammation-related morbidity and increased susceptibility to infection. We investigated the effects of long-chain
Notes on the distribution of the genus Andalgalomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae), with the first record of A. pearsoni (Myers 1978) from Argentina
Authors: Teta Pablo , Jayat Jorge Pablo , Ortiz Pablo E.
Published: January 2016

We documented the first record of
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of diorganotin(IV) derivatives of some bioactive bifunctional tridentate Schiff base ligands
Authors: Bhatra Pooja , Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Ram Avatar , Singh Yashpal
Published: January 2016

Some new organotin(IV) complexes of the type R
Intrahemispheric white matter asymmetries: the missing link between brain structure and functional lateralization?
Authors: Ocklenburg Sebastian , Friedrich Patrick , Güntürkün Onur , Genç Erhan
Published: January 2016

Hemispheric asymmetries are a central principle of nervous system architecture and shape the functional organization of most cognitive systems. Structural gray matter asymmetries and callosal interactions have been identified as contributing neural factors but always fell short to constitute a full explanans. Meanwhile, recent advances in in vivo white matter tractography have unrevealed the asymmetrical organization of many intrahemispheric white matter pathways, which might serve as the missing link to explain the substrate of functional lateralization. By taking into account callosal interactions, gray matter asymmetries and asymmetrical interhemispheric pathways, we opt for a new triadic model that has the potential to explain many observations which cannot be elucidated within the current frameworks of lateralized cognition.
Die Rolle des Arztes im Spiritual Care-Team – Aspekte für die ärztliche Ausbildung
Authors: Merten Birgit
Published: January 2016

Spiritual Care verändert die Zusammenarbeit der verschiedenen Professionen in der Patientenbetreuung. Jede Berufsgruppe ist gefordert, ihr klassisches Berufsbild mit seinen Voraussetzungen, Stärken und Grenzen zu hinterfragen, um die Chancen von Spiritual Care für den Patienten wirklich nutzbar zu machen und gleichzeitig die Seelsorge als traditionelles Konzept einer spirituellen Betreuung mit ihren vorhandenen Ressourcen gut einzubinden. Auf der Basis der Arbeiten Eckhard Fricks und seinem Spiritual Care-Konzept nähert sich der Beitrag aus verschiedenen Perspektiven der Rolle des Arztes im Spiritual Care-Team. Es werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten einer ärztlichen Mitwirkung im Team – von einem ärztlichen Seelsorger bis zum ärztlichen Vermittler von spirituellen Bedürfnissen am Patientenbett – diskutiert. Gleichzeitig wird versucht, Anforderungen an eine moderne ärztliche Ausbildung zu definieren und Impulse für Verbesserungen in diesem Bereich zu formulieren.
Voorwoord: Professor Andrzej Borowski
Authors: Koch Jerzy , Oczko Piotr , Kiedroń Stefan
Published: January 2016

Professor Andrzej Borowski from the Jagiellonian University, whose 70th anniversary we celebrate this year, is a very well known scholar and literature historian, specialised in Old Polish Literature (Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque) - and with a background from Classical studies. A lesser known fact is that he also is a scholar active in the field of the Netherlandish (Dutch and Flemish) literature and culture: as author of numerous books and articles about (South) Netherlandish figures from the 16th and 17th century, as supervisor of numerous dissertations or habilitations in the field of the Netherlandish literature and as an inspiring personality in the field of the Netherlandish studies at Polish universities. He can indeed be seen as the Spiritus Litterarum Neerlandicorum in Poland.
The Scripture on Tiles: Dutch Tiles as an Example of the Biblical Culture of Everyday in the Republic
Authors: Oczko Piotr
Published: January 2016

The history of Dutch tiles started in the sixteenth century Antwerp in the workshops of the Italian potters who had settled in the city upon the Scheldt. Due to the political and social factors (i.e. huge wave of refugees during the Dutch Revolt), tile production was moved to the Northern Netherlands, where it was fully developed and the offer of the Republic’s tile works began to enjoy greatest fame and a huge commercial success all over Europe. The given article deals mostly with Dutch tiles representing the biblical scenes (bijbeltegels) and discusses their numerous contexts, such as confessional and social background, iconographical origin of their designs (engravings, illustrated Bibles, stencils), the taste and status of the potential buyers. Moreover, the artistic and cultural phenomenon of Dutch biblical tiles has been interpreted in terms of a much wider tradition, namely the ‘biblicisation’ of everyday life in the Dutch Republic and its interiors. Finally, the issue of Dutch tiles, being the symbols of the national cultural tradition, has been brought up.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 due to novel variants of SCNN1B gene
Authors: Nobel Yael R , Lodish Maya B , Raygada Margarita , Del Rivero Jaydira , Faucz Fabio R , Abraham Smita B , Lyssikatos Charalampos , Belyavskaya Elena , Stratakis Constantine A , Zilbermint Mihail
Published: January 2016

Autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare disorder characterized by sodium wasting, failure to thrive, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia and metabolic acidosis. It is due to mutations in the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and is characterized by diminished response to aldosterone. Patients may present with life-threatening hyperkalemia, which must be recognized and appropriately treated. A 32-year-old female was referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for evaluation of hyperkalemia and muscle pain. Her condition started in the second week of life, when she was brought to an outside hospital lethargic and unresponsive. At that time, she was hypovolemic, hyperkalemic and acidotic, and was eventually treated with sodium bicarbonate and potassium chelation. At the time of the presentation to the NIH, her laboratory evaluation revealed serum potassium 5.1 mmol/l (reference range: 3.4–5.1 mmol/l), aldosterone 2800 ng/dl (reference range: ≤21 ng/dl) and plasma renin activity 90 ng/ml/h (reference range: 0.6–4.3 ng/ml per h). Diagnosis of PHA1 was suspected. Sequencing of the SCNN1B gene, which codes for ENaC, revealed that the patient is a compound heterozygote for two novel variants (c.1288delC and c.1466+1 G>A), confirming the suspected diagnosis of PHA1. In conclusion, we report a patient with novel variants of the SCNN1B gene causing PHA1 with persistent, symptomatic hyperkalemia.

Learning points

PHA1 is a rare genetic condition, causing functional abnormalities of the amiloride-sensitive ENaC.

PHA1 was caused by previously unreported SCNN1B gene mutations (c.1288delC and c.1466+1 G>A).

Early recognition of this condition and adherence to symptomatic therapy is important, as the electrolyte abnormalities found may lead to severe dehydration, cardiac arrhythmias and even death.

High doses of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate are required for symptomatic treatment.
60 YEARS OF POMC: Adrenal and extra-adrenal functions of ACTH
Authors: Gallo-Payet Nicole
Published: January 2016

The pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plays a pivotal role in homeostasis and stress response and is thus the major component of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis. After a brief summary of ACTH production from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and on ACTH receptor properties, the first part of the review covers the role of ACTH in steroidogenesis and steroid secretion. We highlight the mechanisms explaining the differential acute vs chronic effects of ACTH on aldosterone and glucocorticoid secretion. The second part summarizes the effects of ACTH on adrenal growth, addressing its role as either a mitogenic or a differentiating factor. We then review the mechanisms involved in steroid secretion, from the classical Cyclic adenosine monophosphate second messenger system to various signaling cascades. We also consider how the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton may trigger activation of signaling platforms potentially stimulating or repressing the steroidogenic potency of ACTH. Finally, we consider the extra-adrenal actions of ACTH, in particular its role in differentiation in a variety of cell types, in addition to its known lipolytic effects on adipocytes. In each section, we endeavor to correlate basic mechanisms of ACTH function with the pathological consequences of ACTH signaling deficiency and of overproduction of ACTH.
Mitigación de daños en la compraventa internacional. A propósito de la sentencia de Casación de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia de 16 de diciembre de 2010
Authors: Oviedo Albán Jorge
Published: January 2016

A través de la sentencia de casación de 16 de diciembre de 2010, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia decidió sobre un caso en el que aplica la figura de “mitigación de daños” que está consagrada en el artículo 77 de la “Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los contratos de Compraventa Internacional de Mercaderías”, la cual fue adoptada en Colombia mediante la ley 518 de 1999. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el alcance e implicaciones de la mitigación de daños en la compraventa internacional, tomando como base el análisis de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia extranjera.
Marco Constitucional y víctimas del conflicto armado: Los retos de la justicia transicional y la dogmática de los derechos.
Authors: Torres Avila Jheison
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar, desde la dogmática constitucional, algunos de los retos que se presentan al intentar proteger los derechos de las víctimas en el marco de un proceso atípico de justicia transicional. Los conflictos que considero más relevantes de estudiar se presentan en tres campos: la determinación de los sujetos obligados frente a las violaciones de derechos humanos acaecidas y las necesidades actuales de las víctimas; la determinación y configuración de los derechos de las víctimas, especialmente las que hacen referencia a la esfera de lo colectivo y por último, la realización de justicia en los casos presentados por las víctimas.