bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical fluxes propagation in the planar transport layer of multilayer coatings
Authors: Egorov E V , Egorov V K
Published: December 2021

The article is concerned with peculiarities study of the quasimonochromatic optical fluxes propagation through thin planar transparent layer of multilayer coating. There is shown that these fluxes can be transported by the layer in process of its multiple consequtive total internal reflection or by the waveguide-resonance propagation manner depending on correlation between the layer width and the radiation coherence length half of transported fluxes. Efficiency comparison of these radiation transportation mechanisms showed that the waveguide-resonance propagation approach is more adequate for results description of the optical waveguides functioning. It allowed to conclude that optical waveguides (fibers) function in frame of the waveguide-resonance paradigm and the waveguide-resonance mechanism is responsible for the light fluxes transportation on great distances.
Bioactive coatings on 3D printed titanium implants with a complex internal structure for bone replacement
Authors: Kozelskaya A I , Rutkowski S , Gogolev A S , Chistyakov S G , Krasovsky I B , Zheravin A A , Tverdokhlebov S I
Published: December 2021

The micro-arc oxidation method was applied to modify the surface of 3D printed titanium implants with a complex internal structure. Two different electrolyte solutions were used for thesurface modification, for which the respective working parameters of the micro-arc oxidation process were developed. Surface coatings formed with these parameters on the 3D implants have the same chemical composition and have the same surface morphology as surface coatings on 2D substrates. The measurement of the coating thickness using the X-ray microtomography demonstrates that this method is a useful tool for the thickness control of porous surface coatings at the inside and outside of the 3D titanium implants.
The effect of process current parameters on the properties of oxide layers under plasma electrolytic oxidation of AMg6 alloy
Authors: Polunin A V , Denisova A G , Cheretaeva A O , Shafeev M R , Borgardt E D , Rastegaev I A , Katsman A V
Published: December 2021

The effect of current density and current ratio in the cathodic and anodic half-cycles during prolonged (180 minutes) plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of AMg6 wrought alloy on the oxide layer wear and corrosion resistance were studied. It was established that the best wear resistance is achieved in the oxide layers obtained in the “soft sparking” mode (negative-to-positive pulse ratios of 1.15–1.30) at current densities of 9–15 A dm−2, and the best set of wear resistance and corrosion resistance – in the oxide layers obtained in “symmetrical” mode (negative-to-positive pulse ratio of 1.00).
Study of nanocomposite hafnia and zirconia based layers produced by plasma spraying
Authors: Savushkina S V , Borisov A M , Suminov I V , Vysotina E V , Ashmarin A A
Published: December 2021

Nanostructured and nanocomposite layers NiCoCrAlY+ ZrO2-7%Y2O3, ZrO2-7% Y2O3+HfO2-9%Y2O3, HfO2-9%Y2O3 with thickness of ∽ 20 μm were formed by low pressure plasma spraying. The structure and composition of the layers have been studied using a scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and XRD analysis. Thermal stability of the coatings has been analyzed using synchronous thermal analysis at temperatures up to 1600 °C. The results of structure and composition analysis of ZrO2-7%Y2O3+HfO2-9%Y2O3 layer suggest the formation ofnanocomposite co-doped regions of the ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3 solid solution. The layer has greater thermal stability at temperatures up to 1600 ° C and a smaller subgrain size (∽ 33 nm) than for the ZrO2-7% Y2O3 and HfO2-9%Y2O3 layers.
Anomalous evolution of the ion-induced surface relief of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Authors: Andrianova N N , Borisov A M , Mashkova E S , Ovchinnikov M A , Sevostyanova V S
Published: December 2021

The modification of the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under 10, 20 and 30 keV Ar+ ions irradiation with fluence 1018 cm−2 at the irradiation temperature of 250°C has been studied experimentally. An anomalous growth of the ion-induced surface relief of HOPG have been found. This effect, like the well-known effect of anomalous deep embedded argon ions in HOPG, is analyzed within the framework of plastic deformation mechanisms in graphite.
Influence of argon ion irradiation dose on the formation of the surface layers composition and changing mechanical properties of ion-plasma coated carbon steel
Authors: Bykov P V , Vorob’ev V L , Bystrov S G , Tarasov V V , Drozdov A Yu , Bayankin V Ya , Alexandrova S S
Published: December 2021

The effect of argon ion irradiation with an energy of 40 keV in the dose range of 1016 - 1018 ion/cm2 on the formation of the surface layers composition, changes in the morphology and mechanical properties (microhardness, and wear resistance) of carbon steel AISI 1020 with a deposited ion-plasma coating Ni80Cr20 was studied. It is shown that irradiation with doses greater than 1017 ion/cm2 leads to the formation of a layer consisting of nickel, chromium and iron. The most optimal treatment mode for improving wear resistance is irradiation with a dose of 5.1017 ion/cm2.
Redesigning the Jefferson Lab Hall A beam line for high precision parity experiments
Authors: Benesch J. , Roblin Y.
Published: December 2021

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF)
was built with a thermionic electron source and the three original
experimental hall lines reflected this. A few years after beam
delivery began a parity violation experiment was approved and two
polarimeters were installed in the Hall A beam line. The beam raster
system was placed after the new Compton polarimeter, before one
accelerator quadrupole and four quadrupoles in the new Moller
polarimeter. It was very difficult to meet experimental requirements
on envelope functions and raster shape with this arrangement so a
sixth quadrupole was installed downstream of the Moller polarimeter
to provide an additional degree of freedome. All of the parity
experiments in Hall A have been run with this still-unsatisfactory
configuration. The MOLLER experiment is predicated on achieving a
2% error on a 32 ppb asymmetry. Beam line changes are required to
meet the systematic error budget. This paper documents the existing
beam line, an interim change which can be accomplished during a
annual maintenance down, and the final configuration for MOLLER and
subsequent experiments.
Influence of alkaline pre-treatment on acid dissolution of cathode material of 18650 lithium battery
Authors: Amalia Dessy , Singh Pritam , Zhang Wensheng , Nikoloski Aleksandar N.
Published: December 2021

Lithium battery cathodes contain lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Recycling of spent lithium batteries aims to recover these elements for re-use. Liberation of cathode materials from other metals in the battery such as aluminium, copper, and iron, is essential to obtain a good leaching efficiency in the recovery of valuable metals from end-of-life lithium batteries. This study investigates the behaviour of cathode materials and other metals in spent 18650 lithium batteries during leaching in H2SO4solution with and without NaOH pre-treatment. Dissolution of aluminium using NaOH is a selective method to separate the metal from other elements. The influence of a 2-hour NaOH pre-treatment on subsequent acid leaching of cathode materials was investigated at both room temperature and 80°C. The extraction of aluminium increased to 75% at a higher temperature. Lithium concentration in the pregnant leach solution from acid leaching also increases with NaOH pre-treatment. The pre-treatment had a negligible effect on nickel, manganese, iron, and copper extraction. However, the cobalt extraction with NaOH pre-treatment was significantly lower. The result was likely due to indirect impact of less hydrogen gas was generated from a lower Al amount. The lattice structure of the leach residue for the sample with NaOH pre-treatment was monoclinic rather than rhombohedral due to stronger delithiation.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 adsorbent for methylene blue removal in aqueous solutions
Authors: Yuliana T , Nurlitasari N , Hardian A , Budiman S , Jasmansyah  , Murniati A , Kusumaningtyas V A , Syarif D G
Published: December 2021

Methylene blue dyes are widely used in textile, batik, plastic, paper, and many other industries. The remain of methylene blue dyes in the textile waste is hazardous for health and the environment. Therefore, it takes effort to deal with it. One of the efforts is the process of adsorption using adsorbents. In this study, the adsorbent ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 was synthesized using the coprecipitation method using NaOH as precipitant. Either ZrSiO4 or Fe2O3 was synthesized from Indonesia mineral local zircon sand and jarosites, respectively. The composites of ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 were prepared in %mole variation, which is 75:25; 50:50; and 25:75. All obtained composites were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis showed that the crystal structure formed was tetragonal for ZrSiO4 and hexagonal for Fe2O3 (also known as α-Fe2O3). Evaluation toward isotherm adsorption and kinetic adsorption showed that the adsorption of MB using ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 follows the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively.
Utilization of bio-organo mineral as a soil ameliorant for hard crops
Authors: Supriyanto B A , Wahyudi T , Pranoto E , Setiawati M R
Published: December 2021

The research objective was to make a formula for economical complex soil conditioner of bio-organo mineral for tea, coffee and cacao plantations. The soil conditioner (SC) formula for such plantations was made by mixing the urea, phosphate, leucite and kieserite with the ratio of 25:7:12:3. The experiments at Block B5 showed the amount of harvested dormant leaves was 3.37 kg/100 m2 while the control yielded 2.29 kg/100 m2. There is a difference around 1.08 kg/100 m2 or 47%. The amount of Peko shoots was 19.82 g/100 m2 when using the soil conditioner while the control had 14.89 g/100 m2 performing the difference 33% while at Block A10, the amount of harvested dormant shoot was 3.53 kg/100 m2. There is a difference around 3.29 kg/100m2 or 7%. The amount of Peko shoot was 18.25 g/100 m2 while the control acquiesced 15,05 g/100m2 – the difference of both was 21%. The Robusta grew from 25.4 cm to 28.5 cm when using the BIOM-SC. but the plant height is only from 24.4 cm to 26.8 when using NPK fertilizer.
The preparation of Al2O3-Na2SO4 composites derived from local kaolin through an alkaline destruction combined with sulphatization method
Authors: Maryani E , Sofiyaningsih N , Septawendar R
Published: December 2021

Composites of Na2SO4 is promising for solid electrolyte application. In this initial study, composites of Al2O3/Na2SO4 were successfully synthesized from local kaolin through an alkaline destruction method combined with sulphatization. The composites were characterized including thermal behaviour, mineral phases, chemical composition, FT-IR spectra, and microstructures. The composites consist of a-Al2O3 and Na2SO4 phases after calcination at 1300 °C. This phenomenon is confirmed by the XRF and FT-IR result. The composite consists of Al2O3 and Na2SO4 as major components, accounting 41.98% and 47.09% of the total, respectively. Meanwhile, SiO2 is found as the impurity, accounting 2.86% of the total. The vibration modes of Al-O bonds are detected at 995.27 and 524.46 cm1, whereas the SO4 bands appear at 1111.00 and 617.22 cm1. Na2SO4 exhibits a rod-like particle that cover the alumina surface in the morphology.
Study on coal to methanol of Arutmin coal
Authors: Suganal  , Huda Miftahul , Efendi Muhammad Ade A. , Diniati Dahlia , Fatia Umar Datin , Rianda Sapta , Nurhadi  , Kurnia Gandi
Published: December 2021

The Indonesian government has encouraged coal mining companies to expand into coal downstream industries. In response to this policy, PT. Arutmin Indonesia has conducted a pre-feasibility study on the construction of a coal-to-methanol plant. The plant was located in the Pulau Laut Utara Coal Terminal (NPLCT). The plant is designed to produce 3.0 million tons of methanol/year. The raw material is supplied from the Sarongga coal mine, about 5 km away from NPLCT. The coal-to-methanol process was simulated using ChemCad to solve chemical and energy problems. Based on heat & material balance simulation results, the plant requires coal of 6.0 million tons/year as a raw material. Air Product technology was chosen for coal gasification and Davy Technology for methanol synthesis. Air product gasifier requires lower oxygen to produce syngas than other technologies, thereby reducing oxygen production costs. The plant needs an investment cost of USD 3.0 billion. With the assumption of a methanol price of 311 USD/ton and 20 years of tax holiday incentives, the financial analysis results show that the construction of coal-to-methanol plant is financially feasible with an NPV value of 289.7 million USD and an IRR of 13.35%.
Coal blending selection for CFPP fuel with slagging fouling prediction and procurement cost calculation
Authors: Hariana  , Putra H P , Raksodewanto A A , Enjang  , Kuswa F M , Darmadi D B , Nielsen C
Published: December 2021

Most coal-fired power plants in Indonesia use medium and low-rank coal due to coal availability in the domestic coal market. Because of technical and economic reasons, single coal as fuel is rarely used in coal-fired power plants. Therefore the coal blending method is used. Here, the most dominant technical requirement of a coal-fired power plant is the calorific value and potential of slagging and fouling. For this reason, a selection method that involves the technical aspect of coal and coal procurement cost is carried out. This study found that from 42 types of alternative coal blend made, 18 types fulfill the potential of slagging and fouling criteria. 12 type coal blends could be prioritized as the main alternative because they fulfilled all technical aspects and coal procurement costs. The conclusion obtained from this study is the completion of the search for alternative coal blends based on technical aspects, especially slagging and fouling and procurement cost, to effectively obtain blending priority. This method can be developed for different coal-fired power plant technology and operation condition.
Characteristics of low-rank and medium-rank Indonesian coal using the TG-DSC method
Authors: Hariana  , Prismantoko A , Putra H P , Nuryadi A P , Sugiarto  , Enjang  , Nielsen C
Published: December 2021

Low-rank and medium-rank coal are dominant coal resources in Indonesia. Considering the decisive role of coal in coal-fired power plants, it is crucial to examine the combustion characteristics before burning coal in the boiler. This paper presents the effect of moisture content, heating value, and volatile matter on ignition temperature and burn out of five samples of low-rank coal and five samples of medium-rank coal using TG-DSC analysis which was carried out using LINSEIS High-Pressure STA at atmospheric pressure with an air rate of 25 ml/min and heating rate of 10 °C/min. The investigation results show that low-rank coal with the higher volatile matter has tremendous reactivity and is more flammable, and favours of burning through itself than medium-rank coal. Medium-rank coal has better combustion with short residence time because it has a lower burnout temperature (Tbo) value than low-rank coal. However, medium-rank coal burns more instantly because it has a lower temperature interval than low-rank coal. Medium-rank coal, which has fixed carbon and higher heating value, but lower moisture content, has a higher Rmax value than low-rank coal. In conjunction with these properties, it is crucial to examine the implementation in boilers.
The effect of coal stockpile on shallow groundwater aquifer: Study case Tarahan
Authors: Iqbal M , Farishi B A , Hassan M A A , Natalia H C , Radityo D , Erica T F , Candany M , Safa S M J
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to determine the existence of groundwater contamination due to coal stockpile activity in shallow groundwater. The research area is located in a stockpile that has been operating since 1986. We conducted chemical content analysis at several points around the coal stockpile and outside the stockpile area to see the impact of pollution on the surrounding residents’ areas. This study also uses geoelectric methods and direct observations to identify shallow groundwater levels (water table). The research area has a groundwater depth of about 2 m from the surface, and groundwater flows from northeast to southwest (sea). The chemical content analysis results show that each sample taken around the stockpile is below the water quality standard threshold, so it can be concluded that coal stockpile activity does not contaminate the shallow groundwater. However, there is nitrate contamination from shallow groundwater located outside the stockpile area taken from dug wells and drilling wells with a depth of 8 m shows a value of 14.08-23.67 ppm (>10 ppm threshold). We suspect that this pollution is caused by the large number of mining activities carried out in the north of the study area.
The potency of rare earth elements and yttrium in Konawe coal ashes, Indonesia
Authors: Farqhi Maidatul , Anisa Ayu Besari Dea , Anggara Ferian , Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Himawan
Published: December 2021

Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), which not utilized is considered waste, has been regarded as the promising source of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY). REY has been recognized as critical raw materials to several modern high-technology applications. This research aims to identify the potential resource of REY in FABA, by investigating FABA samples from two different coal-fired power plant (KNW-1 and KNW-2) in Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The geochemical compositions of coal and FABA include major elements and REY determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The major elements in coal and FABA samples showed the highest concentration in SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO. The individual REY contents in FABA from KNW-1 are about 17-21 times higher than in coal samples while FABA from KNW-2 are about 57-73 times higher than in coal. The total REY concentration in FABA KNW-1 ranged from 227.34-276.41 ppm while the concentration in FABA KNW-2 ranged from 278.49-356.45 ppm. The total REO content of KNW-1 FABA samples ranged from 274.08-333.45 ppm. These values are lower than the REO content of the KNW-2 FABA (335.67-429.80 ppm). The percentage critical REY (30% ≤ REYdef ≤ 51%) and coefficient outlook (0.7 ≤ Cou tl ≤ 1.9%), showed all FABA samples are potential for promising raw material REY.
Identification of zeolite using electrical resistivity tomography in Campang Tiga, South Lampung Regency
Authors: Farduwin Alhada , Lumbatoruan Pangeran G. , Karyanto  , Triyanto Dian
Published: December 2021

Currently, zeolites are widely used in various fields including horticultural, agricultural, household, industrial, water and wastewater management. Due to the increasing use of zeolites, it is estimated that the demand for zeolites will increase in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a survey to determine the potential of zeolites in an area. Campang Tiga is an area with quite a lot of potential zeolite and is exposed on the surface along with tuffs from the Lampung Formation. To estimate the potential zeolite in this area, it was carried out the Electrical Resistivity (ERT) measurements to determine the distribution and depth of the tuff layer associated with the zeolite. Measurements were made in 3 lines with an electrode spacing of 6 m using a dipole-dipole configuration. The result performs that the zeolites in the area are located at a depth of up to ∼ 10 m and are getting thicker towards the east until they reach a depth of ∼ 20 m. The results of this interpretation have been combined with the results of laboratory measurements of the resistivity value of zeolites in the area. Laboratory test results present that the zeolite resistivity value ranges from 20-300 Ωm.
Geotechnical structure interpretation from borehole wall imagery at Mamput Block, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfahmi Z. , Pulungan Z.
Published: December 2021

One of the considerations in mining excavation is geotechnical conditions especially structure orientation. Its observations can be done on the surface or through the drill core. However, if there is no free vertical plane on the surface and core observation, then it is difficult to find the direction of dip and strike, which then the televiewer technology is used. This study aims to reveal the structural conditions and to observe the strike and dip of rock layers using the High-Resolution Acoustic Televiewer (HIRAT) apparatus. This apparatus is an accurate and reliable method for recording structural data and has widely used in mining activity. Analysis of the structural conditions was carried out with a reading density of 0.20 m. The observations show that the discontinuity plane is generally trending to Northeast - Southwest, with a dip generally below 30°. The results of the structural interpretation of the borehole have various features that are bedding plane, filled fracture/joint, minor/major open joint, broken zone, and washout. This study gives many advantages especially in preparing data for project feasibility related to excavation, underground tunneling, or other constructions.
Advantages of underground coal gasification implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Huda M , Yunianto B , Sirait B , Salinita S , Shaigec D
Published: December 2021

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is an energy manufacturing process whereby coal is gasified or chemically converted into a gas, in-situ. UCG has several benefits in terms of low capital cost, lower environmental impact, high energy density and long-term production certaint y. The objective of this study is to describe the advantages of implementing UCG technology in Indonesia based on UCG gas resources, product market, coal quality and availability of regulation to support UCG projects. UCG gas resources are estimated based on data of CBM resource and coal quality was examined by heat treatment. The size of conservatively estimated potential UCG gas manufacturing volume in Indonesia based on CBM data is 160 TCF which is greater than Indonesia’s natural gas reserves, namely 142.7 TCF. UCG gas markets are available in South Sumatera and East Kalimantan since the natural gas production in the two provinces is declining significantly. UCG in Indonesia is regulated under the mineral and coal regulatory regime, which brings some benefits, including more flexibility in the type of drilling rigs that can be used for UCG, compared to oil and gas drilling.
Evaluation of coating performance on carbon steel A-36 in copper concentrate environment using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Zakiyuddin Ahmad
Published: December 2021

The presence of chalcopyrite increases the corrosion rate of carbon steel through a galvanic couple. In this study, five organic coating systems were evaluated for their strength against consequent corrosion in the presence of copper concentrate by electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The coating system studied are a single application epoxy coating (C1); a three-layer epoxy system with zinc-rich epoxy primer base coat, surface tolerant epoxy middle layer, and a top layer polyurethane (C2); a three-layer epoxy system that has the advantages of fast dry time consist of epoxy zinc phosphate base coat primer, the middle layer of the epoxy primer containing the pigment zinc phosphate and top layer polyurethane (C3); metallic pigmented polyurethane coating (C4), and an epoxy coating which can be applied to wet surfaces or in water (C5). All those systems have been tested by the EIS. The test results showed that C2, C3, C4, and C5 coating systems maintained good barrier properties during the immersion process, the low frequency |Z| is more than 108Ω.cm2after 30 days of immersion exposure. Epoxy modified coating (C1) had the lowest impedance with resistance under 106Ω.cm2provide poor corrosion protection.
Artificial wastewater treatment from recycling process of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries using activated carbon
Authors: Prasakti L , Prasetya A , Suryohendrasworo R M S D , Puteri S N S H
Published: December 2021

In 2025, the demand of Li-ion batteries is estimated to reach 400,000 tons. A strategic effort is needed especially in the battery industry to realize sustainable use of Li-ion batteries. Spent batteries are being recycled using hydrometallurgical process to collect the lithium. This purifying process consists of leaching and precipitation which results in finding of lithium and sodium ions in the wastewater. To use water efficiently, wastewater is projected to be reused in the hydrometallurgical process. In order to do that, metal ions must be reduced from water to meet quality standards. In this experiment, granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon block (CTO) were used as the adsorbent in a 30 minutes semi-continuous system. Samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes at room temperature. Based on the result, granular activated carbon’s highest percentage of removal were 11.71% for lithium and 19.51% for sodium, and activated carbon block’s highest percentage of removal were 10.33% for lithium and 14.65% for sodium. It is observed from this experiment that the capacity of both adsorbents to remove lithium and sodium ions decreased after 20 minutes.
Characterization of amalgamation tailings from ASGM in Sekotong area, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, and its potential added value
Authors: Wahyudi A , Surono W , Rodliyah I , Mamby H E
Published: December 2021

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia still uses mercury in amalgamation process to extract gold form the ores. The process easily produces gold but at the same time produces very dangerous mercury waste. In this study, a comprehensive series of tests were carried out on amalgamation tailings from the ASGM in Sekotong area, West Nusa Tenggara. The tailings contain mercury up to 150 ppm, above the safe threshold, and gold up to 20 ppm which is intended to be recovered. Furthermore, mineral liberation analysis (MLA) and gravity recoverable gold (GRG) test were performed to determine the feasibility of recovering gold from the tailings. The liberation degree of the gold started from particle size of 37 \xm causes challenging to recover it. However, the GRG test confirmed that the gold was still feasible to be recovered by gravity concentration.
A preliminary study on the element abundance in the Hulusimpang Formation, Way Kalianda, Pesawaran, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Harbowo D G , Priadi B , Julian T , Amelia R N , Sihombing D J P , Kencana F S
Published: December 2021

Hulusimpang Formation.has known as Oligocene-Miocene rocks that consisted of volcanoclastic rock. Its scope was wide, especially in southern Sumatra. This formation is supposed as a prospect host of various hydrothermal mineralization. A preliminary study was carried out to examine the abundance of elements located in Way Kalianda River, Pesawaran, Lampung. This study was conducted by easuring its stratigraphy and analyzing its composition using an X-Ray fluorescence analyzer. The lithologies generally consist of lapilli tuffs, volcanic breccias, interbeded by claystone and sandstone; in addition, it is also frequently found petrified wood and andesitic-lithic fragments. As a result, the significant abundant elements are Fe (35.5%), Si (27.9%), Al (17.4%), K (6.7%), Cl (5.5%), Ti (1.7%), and Ca (1.5%) and also Mn, Ag, P, Mg, Sr, Zr, and Co. It also presents trace elements such as Rb, Zn, Pb, Te, V, Ba, Cr, Sn, Ni, Ga, Nb, Mo, and Eu. These elements are suggested from distal facies of intermediates-magma series Tertiary volcano.
Value-added analysis of the electric vehicle battery industry in Indonesia
Authors: Suherman I , Rochani S , Cahyaningtyas D
Published: December 2021

The establishment of the Indonesian Battery Corporation is a step forward to make Indonesia a global player in the electric vehicle battery industry. This state-owned consortium is mandated to develop an integrated electric vehicle battery industry ecosystem from upstream to downstream. Indonesia has around six companies developing High-Pressure Acid Leach processing and refining projects. Battery production for Indonesian electric vehicles is estimated to contribute approximately 12.7% to the global market by 2035. A value-added analysis approach model is estimated to increase Gross Domestic Product by $21,434 billion. In addition, the impact on job creation is around 42,603 people. This estimation can be implemented with some supports, such as partners with proven technology and significant capital to build the precursor and cathode industries, battery cell and battery industries, and the electric vehicle industry and policies related to development.
Growth and Hepatic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Gene Expression in Dominant and Subordinate Oreochromis Niloticus L Under Limited Period of Physical Interaction
Authors: Cruz E M V , Manuel M C
Published: December 2021

Social stress is known to regulate several aspects of the teleost physiology. This study explored the influence of limited period of physical interaction on growth and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the fish. Twenty all-male Oreochromis niloticus were isolated for 10 days and were used in a social pair study. After the social interaction was settled, dominant and subordinate individuals in a pair were reared separately in one aquarium separated by glass divider. The fish were fed at the same rate daily to remove the possible effect of nutrition. The glass divider was removed 10 min daily for social interaction. Weight was monitored on Days 2, 7 and 14 during the experimental period, then hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression was quantified. During the 14 days social experiment, mean specific growth rate of dominant fish (1.6%·day−1) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of the subordinate fish (0.9%·day−1). Dominant fish also had 2.5 fold significantly higher (P<0.05) mean IGF-I mRNA expression than that of subordinate fish. These indicate that even under limited period of physical contact but with period of visual communication, social status regulates growth and hepatic IGF-I gene expression in this species of fish. There was also a significant positive correlation (r = 0.52; P<0.01) between growth and IGF-I mRNA level which supports the previous studies that hepatic IGF-I gene expression has a potential utility as an instantaneous growth rate indicator for O. niloticus.
Biological and Ecological Observation of Rasbora sp. for Conservation and Domestication Purpose in Lake Ie Sayang
Authors: Rahmayanti F , Najmi N , Munandar  , Islama D
Published: December 2021

Lake Ie Sayang provides habitat to several variety of aquatic animals including small fish such as Rasbora sp. However, their existences in nature are increasingly decline due to overfishing and degradation of its natural habitat. The objective of this study was to investigate some habitat characteristics, biological and ecological aspects of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.). Water quality parameters were recorded in situ and fish samples were collected from the water in four stations during April to July 2021. Fish sex ratio and body length-weight were measured ex situ. The data are presented in table and analyzed descriptively. The result revealed that this fish was mainly found at station 1. This station is characterized by the presence of several aquatic plants as feeding ground and fish sanctuary. This fish was easy to find in the mid-water level to water surface and near the land. The water quality parameters revealed that the temperature was in the range 30.2°C to 31.9°C, pH 6.13 to 6.35, DO 3.0 mg/l to 5.25 mg/l, and transparency 47 cm to 58 cm. Fish sex ratio showed that the overall number of females was higher than males with the average range of fish body length-weight were 34.05 mm to 41.33 mm and 1.25 g to 1.58 g respectively.
The Effect of ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) phenomenon on Fishing Season of Small Pelagic Fishes in Indonesia Waters
Authors: Puspasari R , Rahmawati P F , Prianto E
Published: December 2021

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon causes changes in environmental conditions such as water temperature, salinity, and rainfall. In fisheries sector, the changing environment has affected the fishing seasons and Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) of some pelagic species. This research was conducted by calculating CPUE and fishing season index for several small pelagic fishes in Makassar Strait, Bali Strait, and Aceh waters, then comparing the index value with the fishing season pattern in two extreme periods that are 2010-2011 and 2016 - 2017. An ANOVA test was conducted to assess the significant difference between normal and extreme conditions. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant different in CPUE between average normal condition and ENSO period. Every single species showed different response to ENSO event, mostly decreased in CPUE relate to El Nino event, except for sardine in Bali and Makassar Strait and scad in Makassar Strait. ENSO affects shift in the fishing season of big-eye scad, scad, sardine, and neritic tuna in Makassar Strait, Bali Strait, and around Aceh waters. Indian mackerel in Makassar Strait showed no change in fishing season but the CPUE showed lower than normal condition. This study shows that ENSO was significantly affected fisheries in Indonesia waters.
Some Biological Parameters of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the Handline Fishery in the Eastern Part of the Banda Sea
Authors: Amri K , Setyadji B , Rahmat E
Published: December 2021

Export quality yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the handline fishery in the Banda Sea (Ambon and Seram) is vital in supporting coastal communities. To ensure its sustainability, information on their biological parameters is essential, especially for harvest strategy purposes. A combination of port sampling and fisheries surveys were conducted from January to October 2016 to monitor the catch, effort, size (length and weight), and maturity level of yellowfin tuna. An equal catch proportion of yellowfin and bigeye tuna was found during surveys in Masohi, Seram Island. In contrast, two-thirds of the catch landed in Ambon was dominated by yellowfin tuna. The catch rate varied between 25.5-71.9 kg/day. Length of samples distributed between 65-152 cm FL (mode=104 cm FL), whereas estimated live weight ranged from 6.12-148.92 kg. Both females (W=0.000001*FL3.7190) and males (W=0.000001*FL3.7438) possessed allometric growth. The proportion of males was twice that of females (1: 0.5), where most (47%) of samples were found to be mature. The estimated total mortality (Z) is 1.04/year, with the natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) is around 0.55/year and 0.49/year, respectively. The stock condition allegedly reaching its optimum level tagged by the length at first caught (Lc) was slightly higher in comparasion to length at first maturity (Lm50
) and utilization rate (E) below 0.55/year.
A Sustainable Tourism Based on a New Institutional Economics Approach: Ecotourism Based on the Community in the Gasan Gadang Fishermen Village
Authors: Zamzami L , Azwar A , Ermayanti E
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the patterns of development and implementation of community-based ecotourism management and identify the impact of the community-based ecotourism in Gasan Gadang Village on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the surrounding community. The methodology used was descriptive analysis with a new institutional economics approach and the Kruskal-Wallis Test analysis. The patterns of development and implementation of community-based ecotourism management with all levels of social change analysis, including formal and informal rules such as culture, customs, habits of Gasan Gadang villagers, institutional and governance management, and even the economy, are considered good. The Community-based ecotourism management has adopted the theory of resource allocation among stakeholders of Gasan Gadang Village. The findings of this study showed that community-based ecotourism institutions and management bring positive impacts on economic, social, and culture. There was no significant difference among economic, social, and environmental impacts between the non-authorities and community-based ecotourism authorities of Gasan Gadang Village. Thus, it could be said that the benefits of community-based ecotourism received by the community were all the same. Everyone got positive benefits. However, based on the findings, it could be seen that the biggest difference was the economic impacts followed by the social impacts, while the smallest difference is the environmental impacts. From this situation, it could be concluded that the performance of community-based ecotourism authorities in Gasan Gadang Village was good and positively impacted the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the Gasan Gadang Village fishermen community.
Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for The Existence Value of A Coastal Ecosystem on Rupat Island, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Warningsih T , Kusai K , Bathara L , Deviasari D , Manalu M , Syahzanani Z
Published: December 2021

This current work was conducted on July 2021 in Rupat Island, Regency of Bengkalis, Province of Riau. The study aimed to estimate visitor’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) and analyze factors contributing to the funding in attempt to develop ecoutourism of Rupat Island. Outcome of this work can be beneficial to tourism management in relation to improvement of service and facilities that support tourist activities. Primary and secondary data were collected using interview and field observation. Population of the study included travelers in ecotourism of Rupat Island, while those accepting interview were regarded as sample or respondents. In this regard, number of respondents reached 30 persons. Data were collected through Contingent Valuation Method approach and then analyzed using logistic regression. As the results, average value of visitor’s WTP was Rp15.429, with the lowest and highest of IDR3.000 and IDR30.000, respectively. For a month, total visitor’s WTP could reach IDR231.428.571. Furthermore, analysis on factors contributing to WTP significantly revealed that visitor’s income showed positive correlation with WTP, while travel cost and distance showed contrast result. Other factors, i.e. age, education and sex, showed no effects on decision of WTP in development of Rupat Island as ecotourism in Bengkalis.
Opportunities and Strategies for the Blue Economy Through the Empowerment of Sumatera Coastal Communities in Supporting the Realization of the National Food Security
Authors: Adiprayoga S N , Samiaji Joko
Published: December 2021

A strategic step on food security was directed by president to the Ministry of Defence. Coastal communities are key actors in the realization of the blue economy and are the determinants of the successful implementation of Indonesia’s policy to becoming the Global Maritime Fulcrum. There are ten provinces on Sumatera which have marine coastal areas with abundant fishery potential. However, that potential has not been fully utilized. This article aims to review opportunities and strategies in realizing the blue economy by empowering coastal communities in the Sumatra. The method was a qualitative exploratory method with SWOT and combined with SSM analysis. The data sources were obtained through secondary data from literature studies, comparisons through multi institutions data. The study found that community empowerment can be done by considering the potential of fishery resources and the community’s interest in managing the fisheries sub-sector. The development of national food barns should be focused on the Blue Economy sector and can be started through the Sumatra region. Stakeholder synergy can be integrated in fostering, supervising and mobilizing coastal communities in supporting their welfare.
Management Fisheries Resources Based on Customary Law as an Effort to Maintain River Sustainability in Lubuk Siam Village, Kampar, Indonesia
Authors: Ismi H , Hasanah U , Sukma S
Published: December 2021

Natural resources are the largest contributor to state revenues. The management of fishery resources must be utilized for the welfare of the community, so that in its implementation must involve all parties including indigenous peoples. The involvement of people, especially indigenous peoples in the management of natural resources, becomes important as an effort to preserve indigenous values in the management of fishery resources. This research aimed to find out; (1) Management of fisheries resources by indigenous peoples in Lubuk Siam village; (2) The concept of sustainability in the management of fishery resources by indigenous peoples in Lubuk Siam village. This research uses qualitative research methods with a rationalistic approach. Use qualitative methods and implementation of qualitative methods. Although the rational approach emphasizes the process of analyzing and researching problems, it searches for data from the main source (such as face-to-face interviews). The respondents in this study were the Head of Lubuk Siam Village, Ninik Mamak Adat Suku Melayu, Community and Youth Leaders, and related Village Institutions. The existence of the community with its customary law is an important social capital to maintain the balance of natural resources, especially in the field of fisheries through local wisdom that maintained from generation to generation. This becomes important to avoid patterns of massive and excessive exploitation. The results show that; (1) The management of fishery resources by indigenous peoples in Lubuk Siam Village is based on the value of local wisdom under the coordination of Ninik Mamak and the Village Government which includes lubuk management, river management, and lake management. (2) The concept of sustainability in the management of fishery resources by indigenous peoples in Lubuk Siam Village is reflected in customary orders and prohibitions and customary sanctions agreed as part of maintaining the sustainability of fishery resources.
Human Development Index (HDI) of the Fisherman Community in Ransang Island Indonesia
Authors: Ramadona T , Septya F , Darwis  , Rengi P , Yanti C W , Darfia N E
Published: December 2021

HDI of fisherman communities is an important indicator to measure the success of developing the quality of life of fisherman communities. HDI is used to see the development of fisherman communities in the long term. This research was conducted in May-August 2021 in Ransang Island, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study used a survey method, the sampling method was carried out by multi-stage cluster sampling as many as 40 fisherman spread over several sub-districts. Data analysis for determining HDI is calculated based on the geometric mean of the health index, knowledge index and expenditure index which refers to the UNDP calculation model. The HDI value of the fisherman community of Ransang Island in 2020 was 57.83. The HDI value is composed of a Health Index of 75,08; Education Index of 62,57; and the Expenditure Index of 45,88. The value of the health index is influenced by child mortality. The low Education Index is caused by accessibility, facilities and infrastructure constraints and costs. The expenditure index value is influenced by low productivity, one of which is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. HDI of fisherman communities is an important indicator to measure the success of developing the quality of life of fisheries communities. HDI is used to see the development of fisheries communities in the long term.
Can Oryzias Celebensis Embryo be Transported Dry?
Authors: Yaqin K , Rahim S W , Sari D K , Tresnati J
Published: December 2021

Embryos of the genus Oryzias have long been used as sentinel organisms in ecotoxicological research. Compared with animal models from mammals, Oryzias embryo offers several advantages such as being cost-effective, more sensitive, rapid and produce very little waste. In ecotoxicological studies, it is necessary to have inter-laboratory calibration on used techniques between one laboratory and another, so that the used techniques are reliable. Inter-laboratory calibration between laboratories requires transferring embryos from one laboratory to another. For this purpose, research has been carried out to compare the survival of embryos reared in water and non-water (dry) media until they hatch. The results showed that the embryos reared with dry media hatched one day faster than those raised in water media. The dry-incubated embryo also had an average total length longer than those incubated with embryo rearing media (ERM). In this study, it was concluded that fish embryos of Oryzias celebensis could be transported dry for up to five days.
Diversity of Planktonik Diatom at Bengkalis Waters, Riau Province
Authors: Siregar S H , Mubarak M
Published: December 2021

This research was carried out in August to September 2019 at Bengkalis Waters, Riau Province. This study goals to describe the water quality statues and to determine the species composition, abundance and biological index of planktonic diatom in the Bengkalis waters. Survey method was applied in this research which are 5 stations established, with 3 sampling points in each station. The stations were determined purposively based on antrophogenic activities conducted in that area. Diatom samples were filtered from surface water as much as 100 liters by using plankton net number 25, and the samples were then observed using an Olympus CX 21 microscope (magnification 10 x 10 and 10 x 40) and were identified. The value of water quality at each station indicates that the water is in normal range and it may support the growth of diatoms. There were 20 spesies of planktonic diatoms recorded in the Bengkalis waters. There were 2 species, namely Coscinodiscus sp. and Navicula sp. that were found in each station. Meanwhile, the abundance of plankatonic diatoms ranged from 23,041.80 to 286,693.18 ind/l. The average of biological indices values are as follows: diversity index 1.39-2.32, dominance index 0.24 to 0,48 ind / l, and the uniformity index 0.55 to 0.87 ind / l. The biological indices values indicated that the Bengkalis Waters can be categorized as moderate polluted water and there is no dominant species.