bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insertion/deletion polymorphisms are convenient and reliable markers to assess chromosomal instability in human tumors
Authors: Marchio Agnès , Akil Abdellah , Terris Benoît , Dejean Anne , Pineau Pascal
Published: May 2012

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is frequently associated with a poor outcome in human carcinomas. The genomes of the main human malignancies are well defined as hundreds of tumors have been characterized by arrays. Targeting the appropriate chromosomes with set of markers appears as a realistic approach for CIN assessment. We decided to test the reliability of different insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms to detect allelic loss in a subset of previously characterized hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). To this aim 3 kinds of markers, L1 insertion (n=1), Alu insertions (n=4) and Marshfield InDel (MID, n=8) markers, were tested on a series of 68 paired HCC/non-tumor liver samples that were previously characterized for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). All markers were analyzed on agarose gels and some were tested with the high resolution melting (HRM) technique. Heterozygosity of the tested markers was high with a mean of 0.489 and a range of 0.265–0.525. Using 6 markers for chromosome 8p, the sensitivity of the method was high. LOH was detected in all samples known to be affected (n=34) whereas retention was found in 29/30 samples (specificity of 96.6%). Finally, the HRM analysis applied to 2 MID markers provided consistent profiles enabling closed-tube determination of chromosomes 17p and 18q status. Overall, our work suggests that different types of InDel markers are suitable for CIN detection in human tumors and may provide convenient and useful information for basic or translational research as well as for future applications in clinical practice.
Urinary 5-HIAA Excretion is not Increased in Patients with Head and Neck Paragangliomas
Authors: Van Hulsteijn Leonie T. , Van Duinen Nicolette , Romijn Johannes A. , Smit Johannes W.A. , Corssmit Eleonora P.M.
Published: May 2012

Background

Case reports have documented carcinoid-like features in head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs), which, in addition to catecholamine storing granules, may also contain granules with serotonin. Serotonin is metabolized to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).

Aim

To assess the urinary excretion rates of 5-HIAA and catecholamines in HNPGL patients.

Methods

In 114 consecutive HNPGL patients, normetanephrine, metanephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, VMA, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine and 5-HIAA excretion rates were measured in two 24-hour urinary samples. Increased excretion rates were defined as an increase of the average hormone excretion rate of 2 urine samples above the reference range. In all patients with catecholamine excess, intrathoracic and abdominal paragangliomas were excluded by 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, MRI and/or CT. Genetic screening for mutations in genes of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) family was performed.

Results

Mean urinary 5-HIAA excretion rate was 14±9 μmol/24 hours (reference range 10–44 μmol/24 hours). Urinary 5-HIAA excretion was slightly increased in only 1 patient (48 μmol/24 hours). None of the 50 patients (44%) with increased urinary excretion rates of catecholamines and/or their metabolites had elevated 5-HIAA excretion.

Conclusion

Urinary 5-HIAA excretion is within the normal reference range in almost all HNPGL patients. Therefore, this parameter has no clinical relevance in the routine clinical assessment of HNPGL patients.
An Inverse Spectral Problem for the Sturm-Liouville Operator on a Three-Star Graph
Authors: Dehghani Tazehkand I. , Jodayree Akbarfam A.
Published: May 2012

We study an inverse spectral problem for the Sturm-Liouville operator on a three-star graph with the Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions in the boundary vertices and matching conditions in the internal vertex. As spectral characteristics,we consider the spectrum of the main problem together with the spectra of two Dirichlet-Dirichlet problems and one Robin-Dirichlet problem on the edges of the graph and investigate their properties and asymptotic behavior. We prove that if these four spectra do not intersect, then the inverse problem of recovering the operator is uniquely solvable.We give an algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem with respect to this quadruple of spectra.
Applicability of Scaling Approach for Analysis of Pyrolysis and Gasification of Porous Structures Composed of Solid Fuel Particles
Authors: Alevanau Aliaksandr , Donaj Pawel , Yang Weihong , Blasiak Wlodzimierz
Published: May 2012

Experimental research on the pyrolysis and gasification of randomly packed straw pellets was conducted with an emphasis on the reactive properties of the shrinking porous structure of the pellets. The apparent kinetics of such pyrolysis was approximated by the random pore, grain, and volumetric models. The best approximation results were obtained with the grain and random pore models. The self-organized oscillations of the pellet conversion rate during pyrolysis were observed. Two complementary explanations of the phenomenon are proposed.
On Estimating the Linear-by-Linear Parameter for Ordinal Log-Linear Models: A Computational Study
Authors: Beh Eric J. , Farver Thomas B.
Published: May 2012

Estimating linear-by-linear association has long been an important topic in the analysis of contingency tables. For ordinal variables, log-linear models may be used to detect the strength and magnitude of the association between such variables, and iterative procedures are traditionally used. Recently, studies have shown, by way of example, three non-iterative techniques can be used to quickly and accurately estimate the parameter. This paper provides a computational study of these procedures, and the results show that they are extremely accurate when compared with estimates obtained using Newton’s unidimensional method.
Outcome of Vaginal Progesterone as a Tocolytic Agent: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Saleh Gargari Soraya , Habibolahi Malihe , Zonobi Zahra , Khani Zahra , Sarfjoo Fatemeh Sadat , Kazemi Robati Atefeh , Etemad Roja , Karimi Zohreh
Published: May 2012

Vaginal progesterone has a potential beneficial effect in postponing of preterm labor by suppression of prostaglandins cascades. Although different studies evaluated the use of progesterone for preterm birth, the exact effect of which on prolongation of pregnancy remains unclear. Seventy two women who underwent preterm labor were managed by magnesium sulfate. Then they were randomly assigned to continue pregnancy either by applying vaginal progesterone (400 mg) until delivery or without using any drug. Gestational age mean at the time of delivery and postponing delivery mean time
were significantly higher in progesterone group. Comparison of neonatal outcomes between two groups of patients showed meaningful benefits of progesterone in increasing of neonatal weight, reduction of low birth weight babies, and lowing neonate admitted in NICU.
Subclasses of Analytic Functions Associated with Generalised Multiplier Transformations
Authors: Omar Rashidah , Abdul Halim Suzeini
Published: May 2012

New subclasses of analytic functions in the open unit disc are introduced which are defined using generalised multiplier transformations. Inclusion theorems are investigated for functions to be in the classes. Furthermore, generalised Bernardi-Libera-Livington integral operator is shown to be preserved for these classes.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold(III) Using 2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone as a Chromophoric Reagent
Authors: Kumar D. Prem , Kumar A. Praveen , Reddy T. Veera , Reddy P. Raveendra
Published: May 2012

A chromophoric reagent, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC), was employed for the sensitive spectrophotometric determination of gold(III). The gold(III) ion forms a blue-coloured complex with HMBATSC in an aqueous dimethyl formamide at pH 6.0. The gold complex shows the absorption maximum at 385 nm, and Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0.49–8.37 μg mL−1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be  L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.015 μg cm−2, respectively. The complex shows 1 : 1 [Au(III) : HMBATSC] stoichiometry with a stability constant of . The interference effect of various diverse ions has been studied. In addition to zero-order, first- and second-order derivative spectrophotometric methods were also developed for the determination of gold(III) in microgram amounts which were more sensitive than the zero-order method. The developed method has been used for the determination of gold(III) in environmental water samples and certified reference materials. The results were in excellent agreement with the certified values.
A New System of Random Generalized Variational Inclusions with Random Fuzzy Mappings and Random --Accretive Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Nazemi Sayyedeh Zahra
Published: May 2012

We introduce a new notion of random --accretive mappings and prove the Lipschitz continuity of the random resolvent operator associated with the random --accretive mappings. We introduce and study a new system of random generalized
variational inclusions with random --accretive mappings and random fuzzy mappings in Banach spaces. By using the random resolvent operator, an iterative algorithm for solving such
system of random generalized variational inclusions is constructed in Banach spaces. Under some
suitable conditions, we prove the convergence of the iterative sequences generated by the algorithm.
Studies of Recycling of Poly(vinyl chloride) in Molten Na, Ca ‖ NO3, OH Systems
Authors: Fedorov Anatolii , Chekryshkin Yurii , Gorbunov Aleksei
Published: May 2012

The interaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with components of molten inorganic systems at the temperature range 200–500°C was studied by a combination of thermogravimetric and differential-thermal methods. The results of this study show that the melts of alkali and alkaline-earth metal nitrates can be used for utilization of wastes of halogen-containing polymeric materials. It was established that unique solid products of interaction of PVC with components of the Ca(NO3)2–Ca(OH)2 mixes are ecologically safe calcium chloride and carbonate. Their formation proceeds in three stages including reactions of PVC dehydrochlorination, interactions of formed hydrocarbon residue and hydrogen chloride with calcium hydroxide and calcium nitrate, oxidation of the hydrocarbon residue, and carbonation of calcium hydroxide. A scheme for the oxidative degradation of PVC and for the binding of chlorine and carbon from the polymer in the reactions with components of Ca(NO3)2–NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2–Ca(OH)2 mixtures was suggested, involving a series of consecutive and parallel reactions.
Effects of Additional Foods to Predators on Nutrient-Consumer-Predator Food Chain Model
Authors: Sahoo Banshidhar
Published: May 2012

We have proposed a nutrient-consumer-predator model with additional food to predator, at variable nutrient enrichment levels. The boundedness property and the conditions for local stability of boundary and interior equilibrium points of the system are derived. Bifurcation analysis is done with respect to quality and quantity of additional food and consumer’s death rate for the model. The system has stable as well as unstable dynamics depending on supply of additional food to predator. This model shows that supply of additional food plays an important role in the biological controllability of the system.
Bioeconomic Performance of Pullets and Layer Hens Fed Soybean Grains-Based Diets in Hot and Humid Climate
Authors: Houndonougbo M. F. , Chrysostome C. A. A. M. , Daga Dadjo F. , Adjaho S. L.
Published: May 2012

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of toasted soybean grains on bioeconomic performance of pullets and layer hens in hot and humid environment. A total of 972 three-week-old Harco chicks were divided into 12 groups. At starter, pullet and laying phases, birds were fed four diets containing 0% (R0), 5% (R5), 10% (R10), and 15% (R15) of soybean grains. Results showed similar feed intake, body weight gain, laying rate, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate between dietary treatments at each phase. The egg weight increased significantly in diet R15 (P<0.05). The use of soybean grains reduced the feed prices. Feeding cost decreased significantly (P<0.05) during growth and laying phases in soybean grains added diets. Feeds efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary soybean grains rate. Properly toasted soybean grains can be therefore included up to 15% in heavy line layer hens’ diet in tropical conditions.
Alternatives to Mixture Model Analysis of Correlated Binomial Data
Authors: Chaganty N. Rao , Sabo Roy , Deng Yihao
Published: May 2012

While univariate instances of binomial data are readily handled with generalized linear models, cases of multivariate or repeated measure binomial data are complicated by the
possibility of correlated responses. Likelihood-based estimation can be applied by using mixture distribution models, though this approach can present computational challenges. The logistic transformation can be used to bypass these concerns and allow for alternative estimating procedures. One popular alternative is the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method, though systematic errors can lead to infeasible correlation estimates or nonconvergence problems. Our approach is the coupling of quasileast squares (QLSs) method with a rarely used matrix factorization, which achieves a simplified estimation platform—as compared to the mixture model approach—and does not suffer from the convergence problems in GEE method. A noncontrived example is provided that shows the mechanical breakdown of GEE using several statistical software packages and highlights the usefulness of the QLS approach.
Inactivation of Baroduric Bacteria Isolated by High Hydrostatic Pressure from Pickled Cowpea
Authors: Li Xuemei , Zhao Dong , Chen Anjun , Lin Tiantian , Pu Biao
Published: May 2012

In this study, Pickled Cowpea, a typical lactic acid fermented vegetable in Sichuan, China, was used as samples to study both species and inactivation of baroduric bacteria isolated by HHP treatment under different pressure levels and different pressure holding time. 16S rDNA gene sequence, amplified using genomic DNA of 4 baroduric bacteria from Pickled Cowpea as templates, were sequenced and then were identified based on the sequence similarity and homology analysis, as B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. sonorensis and B. pumilus. The pressure resistance of the 4 strains are compared under pressure from 300 to 500 MPa with holding time from 3 to 25 min. B. pumilus which has higher pressure resistance can be selected as indicator bacteria for applying HHP treatment to Pickle production.
Processing Factors of Several Pesticides and Degradation Products in Carrots by Household and Industrial Processing
Authors: Bonnechere Aurore , Hanot Vincent , Jolie Ruben , Hendrickx Marc , Bragard Claude , Bedoret Thomas , Loco Joris Van
Published: May 2012

To quantify the effect of household and industrial processing on the pesticide residues, carrots (Daucus carota) were sprayed during cultivation with three fungicides (boscalid, difenoconazole and tebuconazole), two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) and one herbicide (linuron). The most concentrated formulations were applied pursuant to Good Agricultural Practices, to ensure sufficiently high levels of residues, The subsequent processing conditions were established to correspond as close as possible to the actual conditions that are normally used in industrial practice. The effects of household and industrial processing on the levels of the six pesticide residues and eight associated degradation products were quantified. The washing step allowed decreasing the concentration of residues for all pesticides up to ~ 90%. It was the most effective step to remove pesticide residues from carrots. The second process, peeling, results in a reduction comparable to washing. The blanching step, combining heat with a large quantity of water, enhanced the elimination of residues (maximum 50%). After cutting and washing, the residual concentrations were below 5 ppb. However it was observed that the level of pesticide residues was not reduced by microwave cooking. The pesticide residues remaining after previous processing, except difenoconazole, were decreased by sterilization. The cumulative processes allowed the elimination of minimum 90% of pesticide residues. Degradation products, investigated in this study, were not detected.
Targeting the isoprenoid pathway in choleste biosynthesis: An approach to identify isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors
Authors: Liebl Maximilian , Olander Florian , Müller Christoph
Published: February 2025

The development of novel cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors is a task of major concern due to the diverse roles of cholesterol and its precursors in physiological processes. Therefore, appropriate screening assays are required, which can be used to identify and quantify specific inhibitors targeting the desired enzyme. Here, we developed a whole‐cell screening assay based on a HL60 cell line, which can be used to characterize inhibitors interacting with enzymes of the isoprenoid part of cholesterol biosynthesis. Due to the change of the isoprenoid pattern under enzyme inhibition, an identification of the targeted enzyme is possible. With the described assay, we can distinguish between free and pyrophosphorylated isoprenoids after enzymatic cleavage in cellular and extracellular matrices. The approach was validated in line with the European Medicines Agency guideline on bioanalytical method validation. As proof of concept, literature‐described inhibitors of the isoprenoid pathway were tested. We characterized the effect of 11 isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, and we identified 6‐fluoromevalonate as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase inhibitor, a biological activity that was previously unknown. Furthermore, isoprenoid patterns revealed that, independent of the analyzed matrix, the predominant form of the detected isoprenoids were dephosphorylated isoprenoids and only small amounts were present as pyrophosphates.
Steric and Conformational Effects in Molecular Junctions
Authors: Tanaka Yuya
Published: February 2025

Molecular junctions, which comprise molecules bridging two electrodes, have emerged as valuable tools for investigating the conducting properties of molecules. Although electronic effects have been extensively investigated in molecular junctions, steric and conformational effects remain underexplored. Substituents, such as long alkyl chains, are frequently introduced into molecular backbones to facilitate synthesis or improve solubility. However, their effects on conductance and junction structure are frequently overlooked. Most junction studies have focused on rigid rod molecules; however, the conductance of flexible molecules can be modulated through conformational changes. The active harnessing of this structural flexibility enables effective conductance control. This concept article discusses steric and conformational effects in molecular junctions, in terms of substituent effects, conformational dynamics, and mechanical manipulation, to elucidate their roles in molecular conductance.
The Influence of Cuprorivaite Nanoparticles on the Physicomechanical and Biological Performance of 3D‐Printed Scaffold Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Combined With Zein for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ansari Mojtaba , Eslami Hossein , Karimi Abolfazl , Dehestani Akram , Razmaein Mohammad Reza , Ghanbari Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates a new degradable 3D‐printed carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/zein bone scaffold loaded with different content of cuprorivaite (Cup) nanoparticles which labeled as CMCS/Z/Cup. Only a few studies have utilized these components to fabricate a three‐component porous osteogenic scaffold. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the mechanical and biocompatibility of the nanocomposite which synthesized by 3D printing method. For this purpose, the Cup powder was initially synthesized through sol–gel process and its confirmation was proved using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, three CMC/Z scaffolds were made with different Cup contents: group A (0 wt.% Cup), group B (2.5 wt.% Cup) and group C (5 wt.% Cup). The scaffolds were well‐ordered microporous with a high porosity and pore connectivity, as observed by morphological analysis by SEM. Additionally, the pore size of group B was more homogeneous than that of groups A and C. There were no significance differences in physicochemical characterization among the three groups. Mechanical properties analysis showed that values of compression modulus are significantly increased with addition of 2.5% Cup nanoparticles into CMCS/zein matrix, from 1.2 to 9.6 MPa. The incorporation of Cup nanoparticles into CMCS along with zein can provide a suitable substrate for the growth of osteoblast cells after implantation, as indicated by the results of in vitro degradation. The scaffolds were cultured in vitro with MG‐63 cells, showing that cell viability increased with the Cup content, 95%, 105%, and 110% for the pure polymeric scaffold, and scaffolds reinforced with 2.5% and 5% Cup, respectively. As a result, the scaffolds designed in this study possess the ability to be used in bone tissue engineering due to having characteristics similar to natural bone.
A Comprehensive Review on Health Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Atta Asia , Sharif Sumaira , Haroon Kainat , Rasheed Musarrat , Menon Soumya V. , Balaji Jadhav , Jain Bhavik , Jameel Qaswaa Yousif , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: February 2025

Short‐chain carbohydrates are primarily made up of fructose molecules; fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are referred to as prebiotics and are renowned for their potential beneficial effects on health. Since they are inedible fibers, FOS go through the upper digestive tract nearly undisturbed while entering the colon, where they offer food to beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. This method supports digestive health and improves immunity by maintaining an optimal gut microbiome. Based on studies, through establishing an optimal gut environment, FOS can reduce the risk of several digestive disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). FOS has shown potential for improving metabolic health along with digestive health. They can help regulate weight and reduce the risk of diabetes due to their low caloric content and ability to regulate blood glucose levels. This review will contribute to the development of more focused and effective applications of FOS in health and medicine by identifying the areas of research gaps and suggesting future directions.
Study on the Physical, Chemical and Radioactive Gas—Radon (222Rn) Exhalation Properties of Bleached Sandstone in the Northeast Edge of the Ordos Basin
Authors: Hu Xin , Sun Qiang , Wu Jiakun , Wei Shaoni , Du Beichen , Ding Xiaoying , Geng Jishi
Published: February 2025

The northeast margin of Ordos Basin, China has a large area with ‘bleached sandstone’, a unique rock characterised by a low diagenetic degree and poor cementation degree. Long‐term wind and hydraulic erosion have led to significant soil erosion, vegetation degradation and low ecological carrying capacity in this region, with huge amounts of sediments being transported to the Yellow River. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the weathering mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of bleached sandstone. In this study, the pore structure, elemental composition, mineral composition and radon exhalation characteristics of the bleached sandstone were analysed using low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption instrument, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, polarising microscope and environmental radon detector, respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of the bleached sandstone were analysed to determine the correlation among them. The results demonstrated that the degree of pore development in bleached sandstone is significantly higher than that in original rock, and the content of mesopores of size from 2 to 50 nm is the highest. These pores were found to be predominantly slit pores with parallel plate structure. The mineral composition is primarily quartz, feldspar, clay minerals and muscovite, with quartz being the highest. Quartz and feldspar exhibited significant weathering, broken crystals and more impurities. A large amount of biotite was altered to form muscovite. The intergranular spaces of bleached sandstone are filled with heterobase, primarily composed of clay minerals. Additionally, clay minerals formed a ring band structure around the particle skeleton. Bleached sandstone was found to be rich in P, Ba, Mn, Sr, Zr and other elements, with Ba showing the highest proportion. The bleached sandstone is enriched in toxic elements Be, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Tl and 238U compared with the original rock, indicating that the latter has a certain degree of adsorption. Among them, Be has the highest enrichment degree. Moreover, it is enriched with light rare earth and deficient in heavy rare earth. δEu and δCe exhibit a slight deficiency. Although the rate of radon exhalation in bleached sandstone is low, it is higher than that of the original rock. The high porosity and micropore content can promote radon exhalation. High 238U content can enhance radon generation, which exhibited a positive correlation with radon exhalation rate. The research results can provide a reference for ecological management, development and utilisation of bleached sandstone in this region.
Late Palaeozoic Tectonics and Crustal Growth in the Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Insights From Newly Discovered Volcanic Rocks on the Northern Margin of the North China Block
Authors: Wang Shijie , Zhang Xiaoni , Dong Xiaojie , Xu Zhongyuan , Feng Fan , Chang Jianlin
Published: February 2025

Understanding the Late Palaeozoic accretionary processes responsible for the formation of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is crucial for unravelling continental growth mechanisms in this region. This study systematically investigates newly identified volcanic rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) and Bainaimiao Arc Belt (BAB), aiming to elucidate their petrogenesis, tectonic setting and implications for the evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO). Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that these volcanic rocks were emplaced between 278 and 260 Ma. The intermediate‐mafic volcanic rocks exhibit typical subduction‐related geochemical signatures, including low TiO₂ contents, enrichment in Rb, Ba, U, K, Pb and Sr., and depletion in Nb and Ta, reflecting derivation from a subduction‐modified lithospheric mantle. The acidic volcanic rocks, characterised by high SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents and pronounced negative Eu anomalies, are interpreted as products of partial melting of the lower continental crust with fractional crystallisation. The εHf(t) values range from highly positive in the BAB region to lower values in the NCB, highlighting the incorporation of juvenile crustal material in the north and ancient crustal components in the south. Geochemical and isotopic evidence suggests that the volcanic rocks formed in an Andean‐type continental arc during the southward subduction of the PAO beneath the northern margin of the NCB. After 260 Ma, the tectonic setting transitioned to an extensional environment, as reflected in the geochemistry of younger intraplate granites. These findings suggest that the PAO continued subduction until the Late Permian, followed by slab break‐off and post‐collisional extension. The crustal thickening (40–66 km) and widespread magmatism indicate significant juvenile crustal growth during the Middle to Late Permian. Combined with regional tectonic data, this study provides critical insights into the geodynamic processes driving crustal evolution in the eastern CAOB.
Contribution of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Mechanisms to the Plasticity‐Modulating Effects of Dopamine in the Human Motor Cortex
Authors: Ghanavati Elham , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Beaupain Marie C. , Melo Lorena , Frese Amba , Kuo Min‐Fang , Nitsche Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Dopamine, a key neuromodulator in the central nervous system, regulates cortical excitability and plasticity by interacting with glutamate and GABA receptors, which are affected by dopamine receptor subtypes (D1‐ and D2‐like). Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques can induce plasticity and monitor cortical facilitation and inhibition in humans. In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study, we investigated how dopamine and D1‐ and D2‐like receptors impact transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)‐induced plasticity concerning glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. Eighteen healthy volunteers received 1 mA anodal (13 min) and cathodal tDCS (9 min) over the left motor cortex combined with the dopaminergic agents l‐dopa (general dopamine activation), bromocriptine (D2‐like receptor agonist), combined D2 antagonism via sulpiride and general dopaminergic activation via l‐dopa to activate D1‐like receptors, and placebo medication. Glutamate‐related cortical facilitation and GABA‐related cortical inhibition were monitored using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, including I–O curve, intracortical facilitation (ICF), short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and I‐wave facilitation protocols. Our results indicate that anodal tDCS alone enhanced the I–O curve and ICF while decreasing SICI. Conversely, cathodal tDCS decreased the I‐O curve and ICF while increasing SICI. General dopamine and D2 receptor activation combined with anodal tDCS decreased the I‐O curve and ICF, but enhanced SICI compared to tDCS alone. When paired with cathodal tDCS, general dopamine and D2‐like receptor activity enhancement prolonged the cathodal tDCS effect on excitability. After anodal tDCS, D1‐like receptor activation increased the I‐O curve and ICF while reducing SICI. These effects were abolished with cathodal tDCS. Dopaminergic substances combined with anodal and cathodal tDCS did not have a significant effect on I‐wave facilitation. These results suggest that D1‐like receptor activation enhanced LTP‐like plasticity and abolished LTD‐like plasticity via glutamatergic NMDA receptor enhancement, while global dopaminergic and D2‐like receptor enhancement weakened LTP‐like but strengthened LTD‐like plasticity primarily via glutamatergic NMDA receptor activity diminution.
A Simple, Cost‐Effective Microfluidic Device Using a 3D Cross‐Flow T‐Junction for Producing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Derived Microcarriers
Authors: Kamar Farah , Gillis Connor J. , Bischof Grace , Ali Anorin , Bruyn John R. de , Flynn Lauren E. , Poepping Tamie L.
Published: February 2025

Cell therapies using human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising for a wide variety of clinical applications. However, broad‐scale clinical translation is limited by conventional culture methods for MSC expansion within 2D tissue‐culture flasks. MSC expansion on ECM‐derived microcarriers within stirred bioreactor systems offers a promising approach to support MSC growth. Previously, our team established methods for fabricating ECM‐derived microcarriers from a variety of decellularized tissue sources using electrospraying techniques. However, these microcarriers are relatively large and have a broad size distribution, which may limit their utility. Smaller and more uniform microcarriers may be favorable for MSC growth within bioreactors and have greater potential to serve as a minimally invasive injectable cell delivery platform. To address these limitations, the current project focused on the development of a new microfluidic‐based approach enabling both uniform and small microcarrier production. Using a novel, modified 3D T‐junction design, we successfully generated microcarriers using human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as the ECM source. Our new cost‐effective device produced microbeads that were small and monodisperse, at a range of flow rate combinations and with high production rates. Photo‐crosslinking using rose bengal allowed for the generation of microcarriers that retained their shape and could withstand rehydration, with a mean diameter of 196 ± 47 μm. Following methods optimization and microcarrier characterization, in vitro studies confirmed that the new microcarriers supported human adipose‐derived stromal cell (hASC) attachment and growth, as well as ECM production, across 14 days within spinner flask bioreactors. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using our novel, cost‐effective, and reusable microfluidics device to generate cell‐supportive microcarriers comprised exclusively of ECM that show promise as an MSC expansion platform.
Gene therapy for genetic diseases: challenges and future directions
Authors: Qie Beibei , Tuo Jianghua , Chen Feilong , Ding Haili , Lyu Lei
Published: February 2025

Genetic diseases constitute the majority of rare human diseases, resulting from abnormalities in an individual's genetic composition. Traditional treatments offer limited relief for these challenging conditions. In contrast, the rapid advancement of gene therapy presents significant advantages by directly addressing the underlying causes of genetic diseases, thereby providing the potential for precision treatment and the possibility of curing these disorders. This review aims to delineate the mechanisms and outcomes of current gene therapy approaches in clinical applications across various genetic diseases affecting different body systems. Additionally, genetic muscular disorders will be examined as a case study to investigate innovative strategies of novel therapeutic approaches, including gene replacement, gene suppression, gene supplementation, and gene editing, along with their associated advantages and limitations at both clinical and preclinical levels. Finally, this review emphasizes the existing challenges of gene therapy, such as vector packaging limitations, immunotoxicity, therapy specificity, and the subcellular localization and immunogenicity of therapeutic cargos, while discussing potential optimization directions for future research. Achieving delivery specificity, as well as long‐term effectiveness and safety, will be crucial for the future development of gene therapies targeting genetic diseases.
An efficient hierarchical modeling framework for predicting the low velocity impact response of 3D braided composites
Authors: Zhang Di , Liu Xiaochuan , Zhang Shenghao , Wang Jun , Yan Leilei , Guan Zhongwei , Zhou Jin
Published: February 2025

Three‐dimensional (3D) braided composite materials have great advantages in improving the damage tolerance of aeronautical structures. However, the complex meso‐structure has always made it a challenge to predict anti‐impact behaviors. To tackle this issue, the present work provides an efficient hierarchical modeling framework regarding the low velocity impact (LVI) modeling of 3D braided composites. In the present framework, the mechanical properties of fiber bundles are predicted using micromechanics theory. Two sets of mesoscale representative volume elements (RVEs) are constructed based on the actual braided architecture: the inner RVE and the surface RVE. Meso‐scale analysis was verified through comparison with the coupon level test, demonstrating the difference in mechanical behaviors between the two RVEs, both of which were taken into consideration in the macro‐scale FEM analysis. The results demonstrate that the predicted LVI mechanical responses and damage patterns fit well with the experimental results of 3D braided composites, with a deviation of less than 10% on the impact duration time, maximum contact force, and deflection. This study provides insights into understanding the LVI failure mechanism of 3D braided composites, and guidance for designing and optimizing 3D braided composite structures.
Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Late Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Condit Paige E. , Hokanson John S. , Balasubramaniam Vivek , McCulley David J. , Lasarev Michael , Lamers Luke , McAdams Ryan M. , Kaluarachchi Dinushan C.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To identify risk factors for late pulmonary artery hypertension (PH) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) in infants born before 28 weeks' gestation.

Design/Methods

A retrospective cohort study included infants born < 28 weeks' gestation who underwent PH screening echocardiography at 36 weeks' PMA. We compared characteristics between infants with and without late PH to determine associations.

Results

Of 99 infants, 20 (20%) developed late PH. The FiO2% requirement at 4 weeks of age, home oxygen use, and procedural patent ductus arteriosus closure were associated with late PH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity was linearly associated with late PH, with each 1‐point increase in BPD severity corresponding to a 3.5‐fold increased odds of late PH diagnosis.

Conclusion(s)

One in five extremely premature infants developed late PH. Markers of respiratory disease severity, including the BPD grade, were associated with the development of late PH.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction Through the Derivation of Acceleration Factors Based on Intermittent Inspection Data
Authors: Jeong Ye‐Eun , Lee Youn‐Ho , Kim Seong‐Mok , Kim Yong Soo
Published: February 2025

A method is proposed for obtaining critical reliability information throughout the product lifecycle by utilizing intermittent inspection data. The developed methodology is applied to products from industries where intermittent inspection data are accessible. Traditional methods rely on experimental test data to estimate material properties in life‐stress relationships. In contrast, the proposed methodology estimates the parameters of the acceleration model based on the available data. From the case study, an activation energy of 0.76 eV and a humidity index of 1 were derived using product‐related data and an evolutionary. These results are accurately reflective of field conditions. Acceleration factors are calculated using the methodology that considers the degradation differences between normal and field environments. This approach minimizes errors and effectively predicts the remaining useful life (RUL) of the actual product. The proposed methodology provides a systematic analysis process based on actual data. This approach demonstrates significant potential for enhancing product reliability and reducing lifecycle costs. The results of this study demonstrate the ability to achieve realistic and useful predictions of RUL. This supports improved decision‐making for maintenance and replacements.
Coload‐bearing capability of corroded and separated RCPs rehabilitated with ClPP alongside the mechanical behavior of the liner
Authors: Fang Hongyuan , Chu Jiajun , Li Bin , Du Xueming , Wang Niannian , Di Danyang , Zang Quansheng
Published: February 2025

Joints are the most problematic location for reinforced concrete piping (RCP) and are one of the main contributing factors to pipeline failure. The use of cured‐in‐place pipe (CIPP) technology can effectively rehabilitate joint defects, enhancing the service resilience of the pipeline. However, the coload bearing of the CIPP‐RCP composite structure after rehabilitation remains unclear, particularly in the presence of composite defects at the joints. To address this, three‐edge bearing tests were conducted on CIPP‐RCP composite structures. The effects of separated length, corrosion width, corrosion depth, and corrosion length on the coload‐bearing capability of the composite structures were analyzed. Furthermore, numerical models of the CIPP‐RCP composite structures were constructed using cohesive elements with a bilinear traction–separation response to simulate the CIPP‐RCP bonding interface. These models were validated against experimental results. The influence of separated length, corrosion width, corrosion depth, and corrosion length on the von Mises stress of the liner was further investigated. Univariate functions relating each defect parameter to the maximum von Mises stress of the liner under various simulation conditions were fitted, an equation for calculating the maximum von Mises stress of the liner pipe was derived. The test results indicate that when the separated length was less than 200 mm, the mechanical capability of the defective RCP could be restored, and the ultimate load capacity could be increased. The more severe the internal corrosion, the weaker the coload‐bearing capability of the composite structure. However, when the corrosion width expands to 150° and the corrosion length increases to 400 mm, the ultimate load of the composite structure slightly increases. Numerical results show that the maximum von Mises stress in the liner exhibited a quadratic polynomial relationship with both separated length and corrosion length, a negative exponential relationship with corrosion width, and a positive linear relationship with corrosion depth. The derived predictive equation can accurately predict the maximum von Mises stress of the liner.
Nature’s Guidance: Employing Bio-inspired Algorithm and Data-Driven Model for Simulating Monthly Maximum and Average Temperature Time Series in the Middle Black Sea Region of Türkiye
Authors: Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Terzioğlu Zeynep Özge , Zerouali Bilel
Published: February 2025

This study compares the performance of various models in predicting monthly maximum and average temperatures across three distinct regions: Samsun, Amasya, and Çorum. The evaluated models include Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm coupled with ANN (SFLA-ANN), Firefly Algorithm coupled with ANN (FFA-ANN), and Genetic Algorithm coupled with ANN (GA-ANN). In setting up the models, the dataset was divided into 70% for training and 30% for testing, and the outputs of the models were evaluated using various graphical and statistical indicators. The model with the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) value was selected for the maximum and average temperature predictions. Accordingly, for maximum and average temperature predictions, SFLA-ANN (RMSE of 2.93) and GA-ANN (RMSE of 3.55) in Samsun, GA-ANN (RMSE of 2.91) and GA-ANN (RMSE of 2.50) in Amasya and GA-ANN (RMSE of 2.97) and GA-ANN (RMSE of 2.50) in Çorum performed better than the other models, respectively. In addition, for the maximum temperature prediction with the highest accuracy, the R2 value of the SFLA-ANN model in Samsun was 0.89. In contrast, the R2 values of the GA-ANN model in Amasya and Çorum were determined as 0.91 and 0.91, respectively. Similarly, it was observed that the R2 values of the GA-ANN model for the average temperature prediction with the highest accuracy at Samsun, Amasya and Çorum stations were 0.78, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. Overall, the GA-ANN consistently demonstrated superior performance in predicting both maximum and average temperatures across all three regions, as evidenced by its consistently low RMSE values. These findings provide valuable insights into selecting effective models for temperature prediction tasks in different geographical regions.
Exploring the role of psychological flexibility in relationship functioning among couples coping with prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Hongen , Cariola Laura , Gillanders David
Published: February 2025

Objective

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an external stressor that can affect both patients and partners, but dyadic research in this area is limited. This study, guided by the vulnerability-stress-adaptation model, examines how PCa distress affects relationship satisfaction through psychological flexibility and self-esteem.

Methods

The study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample size of 314 dyads. The actor-partner interdependence model was applied to examine both actor and partner effects. Covariates were also examined.

Results

PCa distress negatively predicted psychological flexibility in both patients (

$$\beta$$

β

= − .93, p < .001) and partners (

$$\beta$$

β

= − 0.70, p < .001). Psychological flexibility, in turn, positively predicted self-esteem in both patients (

$$\beta$$

β

= 0.19, p < .001) and partners (

$$\beta$$

β

= 0.19, p < .001). Self-esteem significantly predicted relationship satisfaction for both patients (

$$\beta$$

β

= 0.22, p < .001) and partners (

$$\beta$$

β

= 0.22, p < .001). The indirect effects of PCa distress on relationship satisfaction via psychological flexibility and self-esteem were significant for both patients (

$$\beta$$

β

= − .093, p < .001) and partners (

$$\beta$$

β

= − .078, p < .001). Additionally, a significant indirect effect of partners’ PCa distress on patients’ relationship satisfaction was observed (

$$\beta$$

β

= − .055, p < .01).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the critical role of psychological flexibility and self-esteem in mediating the impact of PCa distress on relationship satisfaction for both patients and partners. Tailored interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility to support relationship functioning in couples coping with PCa may be effective.
A generic seismic risk protocol for energy production sites
Authors: Grigoratos Iason , Schultz Ryan , van Ginkel Janneke , Gunatilake Thanushika , Wiemer Stefan , van der Wal Jorien L.N. , Muntendam-Bos Annemarie G.
Published: February 2025

Activities related to energy production have been linked with felt (and in some cases damaging) earthquakes. Notable examples include hydraulic fracturing, wastewater disposal, geothermal systems, coal mining, carbon storage and hydropower dams. As the demand for energy continues to grow, new frontiers in energy exploration will emerge - some with the potential for induced seismicity. Thus, there is a clear need for a source-agnostic seismic risk protocol that can be applied to any activity or region. This study outlines one such implementation that uses scenario earthquakes to produce a priori risk thresholds that can be referenced against current seismicity levels on an ongoing basis. Our framework is designed to inform regulatory decisions by considering the consequences of earthquake scenarios on the population and the built environment, together with simplified forecasts of the next largest magnitude. The proposed framework can tackle both the screening process needed for permitting purposes and serve as a risk management plan during operations.