bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARCINOMA ESPINOCELULAR NA CAVIDADE BUCAL – IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE
Authors: Nader Marta Sara , Tieri Minetto Natalia
Published: September 2022

O Carcinoma Espinocelular (CEC) é considerado a sexta neoplasiamaligna mais comum. Em homens, segundo o Instituto Nacional doCâncer (INCA), é compreendido como a quinta neoplasia malignamais frequente. Sua etiologia é multifatorial, estando associado aohábito de fumar e beber, podendo ser precedido por uma desordempotencialmente maligna (DPMO), como leucoplasia, eritroplasia equeilite actínica. O atraso no diagnóstico dessas lesões pode causaraltas taxas de morbimortalidade na população do mundo todo. Diantedo exposto, o objetivo do trabalho é relatar o caso de um pacientedo sexo masculino, 61 anos de idade, encaminhado ao Projeto deExtensão em Estomatopatologia para avaliação de uma lesão na regiãoposterior da língua. Durante o exame clínico, relatou ser trabalhadorda zona rural, diabético tipo 2 e ter o vício de fumar cigarrosde palha há 50 anos. Clinicamente foi possível observar uma lesãoeritroleucoplásica com áreas erosivas, localizada na região posteriorlateral da língua, do lado direito, assintomática, com evolução de 6meses. Foi realizada uma biópsia incisional e o exame anatomopatológicorevelou displasia epitelial de grau moderado. O paciente foiencaminhado para um serviço de referência para remoção da lesão.O exame microscópico da peça cirúrgica confirmou o diagnóstico deCEC. Atualmente se encontra em acompanhamento médico e odontológico,após 6 meses da cirurgia. O presente caso mostra a importânciae o impacto dos projetos de Extensão em centros de ensinosuperior, podendo atender de forma rápida e precisa a população,contudo promovendo um diagnóstico precoce e maior sobrevida aospacientes com neoplasias maligna
Defesa bioquímica de plantas: alterações do metabolismo pelo fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia e nematoides
Authors:   , Gouveia Angélica de Souza
Published: September 2022

Os nematoides parasitas de plantas, como Meloidogyne e Pratylenchus, causam grandes perdas na agricultura. Pratylenhcus brachyurus ao infectar a soja desecandeia ativação de vias bioquímicas que podem contribuir para o sistema de defesa da planta. O estudo da cultivar BRS 7380 e MG/BR46 permitiu identificar a ativação da biossíntese de flavonoides, assim como, a síntese de fitoalexinas que contribuem para conter o desenvolvimento do patógeno. Além disso, o estudo da interação entre o nematoide e a raiz identificou que o patógeno desencadeia modificações na cascata hormonal, principalmente nos níveis de auxina que pode facilitar sua movimentação dentro da raiz ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Para o controle de P. brachyurus o uso de microrganismos benéficos podem contribuir para a redução da população. A inoculação do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia na cultivar MG/BR46 reduziu de forma eficaz a população final de P. brachyurus. No entanto, a aplicação desse fungo na cultivar BRS 7380 contribuiu para o aumento da população de nematoides. Nessa cultivar foi identificado maiores níveis de compostos fenólicos, lignina e síntese de fitoalexinas no período inicial da avaliação (7 e 21 dias) que pode ter prejudicado a colonização do fungo e um desbalanco nas respostas de defesa resultou no aumento da multiplicação do nematoide. O fungo P. chlamydosporia também foi eficiente na redução do número de ovos de Meloidogyne javanica em tomateiro. Análises bioquímicas da raiz permitiram identificar mecanismos indiretos utilizados pelo fungo que contribuiram para o controle do nematoide, como maior concentração de acido clorogênico e maior expressão dos genes FAL (Fenilalanina amônia-liase), LECHS2 (Chalcona sintase), PI1 (inibidor de protease) e RBOH. Além disso, com a análise metabolômica não-alvo foi identificado que a colonização do fungo na raiz proporcionou a modificação da abundância dos metabólitos que compõe a galha. A identificação de alguns desses metabólitos permitiu inferir que o aumento desses compostos pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento do nematoide. Na ausência de M. javanica esse fungo também alterou a abundância dos metabólitos que compõe a raiz de tomateiro, principalemente na avaliação de 24 dias e a redução de alguns compostos é importante para ocorrer a colonização fúngica. Nessa interação estabelecida detectou-se um efeito sistêmico, pois a abundância dos metabólitos das folhas foram alterados nas raízes colonizadas pelo fungo. As avaliações das diferentes interações entre planta, patógeno e microrganismo benéfico demonstram a complexidade dessas interações e a compreesão dessas pode auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias mais eficientes de controle. Palavras-chave: Pochonia chlamydosporia. Meloidogyne javanica. Pratylenhcus brachyurus. Metabólitos. Raiz. Defesa.
Bioprospecção molecular de espécies vegetais da Mata Atlântica leva a identificação de Casearia arborea como fonte de diterpenos clerodânicos com potencial atividade antitumoral
Authors:   , Rodrigues Laís Azevedo
Published: September 2022

A bioprospecção de produtos naturais a partir de coleções de extratos vegetais tem sido uma estratégia eficiente e promissora para a descoberta de novos fármacos antitumorais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi bioprospectar produtos naturais com potencial antitumoral de espécies vegetais nativas do bioma Mata Atlântica. Foi avaliado o potencial citotóxico de 282 extratos provenientes de 72 espécies em linhagens celulares B16F10 (melanoma), SW480 (adenocarcinoma de cólon), Jurkat (leucemia) e Vero (células epiteliais de rim de macaco). Os extratos promissores foram submetidos ao fracionamento biomonitorado e determinada a concentração inibitória do crescimento celular em 50% (IC 50 ). As espécies que apresentaram maior citotoxicidade foram Sorocea hilarii (Moraceae), espécie até então com escasso estudo fitoquímico e farmacológico e Casearia arborea (Salicaceae). Após fracionamento biomonitorado, foi realizado para as frações ativas um estudo de desreplicação, empregando-se dados de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas de alta resolução, em associação com a plataforma GNPS (Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking). Para S. hilarii foram identificadas clusters moleculares referentes às classes megastigmanos, lignanas e saponinas esteroidais, enquanto para C. arborea foram identificados diterpenos clerodânicos e flavonoides. Na tentativa de isolar e identificar os compostos com atividade antitumoral, diferentes extratos de folhas de C. arborea foram obtidos. O extrato em diclorometano se mostrou mais citotóxico frente às linhagens SW480, MDA-MB-231 (câncer de mama) e Hep G2 (câncer de fígado). O fracionamento biomonitorado desse extrato levou a frações contendo diterpenos clerodânicos, sendo purificados e elucidados estruturalmente três diterpenos clerodânicos, dois deles inéditos: casearborina F e casearborina G. As estruturas químicas foram elucidadas empregando técnicas de espectroscopia de massas de alta resolução e por experimentos de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear unidimensional (RMN de 1 H, 13 C, DEPT 135) e bidimensional (HMBC, HSQC e NOESY). Frações contendo estes compostos induziram a morte celular por apoptose, e apresentam as propriedades antimigratórias e anticlonogênicas, assim como atuam em G0/G1 no ciclo celular de células SW480. Essa pesquisa mostra que espécies vegetais nativas da Mata Atlântica brasileira são potenciais fontes de compostos antitumorais, inclusive de novas moléculas bioativas. Palavras-chave: Bioprospecção. Mata Atlântica. Antitumoral. Sorocea hilarii. Casearia arborea. Diterpenos clerodânicos. Casearborina
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection among HIV Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad T. H.  , Inabo, H. I.  , Machido, D. A.  , Ameh, J.B.
Published: September 2022

Malaria and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are among the world’s greatest health problems and are concentrated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Together, they are the cause of death of millions of people each year, hence they become a burden and a threat for development in India, Southern Asia, South America and Africa including Nigeria. The prevalence of malaria among HIV patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria was determined. A total of 300 HIV patients within the age range of 2-69years were enrolled, of which 217 were females and 83 were males. Four (4) mL of venous blood was drawn from each participant. The blood samples were examined for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum using thin and thick films while the CD4count was determined using flow cytometer (Partec Cyflow). Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 43 out of 300 participants with a prevalence of 14.3%.The prevalence was observed to be higher in males (18.07%) than in females (12.90%) and in the age group 1-10years (28.57%). Statistically, there was no association between Plasmodium falciparum infection with sex (p = 0.223) or age (p =0.253). The CD4 counts of all the participants ranges between 28-2000 cells/μL with a mean of 1111.40 + 739.589. Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had lower CD4 counts than those that were negative. Conclusively, HIV individuals with severe immunosuppression (CD4 counts <200 cells/µL) are at higher risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Hence, HIV individuals should take all necessary measures to prevent the infection to avoid the negative impact.
Microbiological Assessment of Groundnut Paste Sold in Jimeta Markets, Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Onuoha, C.C.  , Mbahi, M.A.  , Mshelbila, M.D.  , Ewansiha, J.U.
Published: September 2022

Groundnut paste is frequently associated with food-borne illness due to contamination traceable to food handlers, processing materials as well as environmental conditions and this therefore necessitated the microbiological quality examination of groundnut paste. The percentage occurrence of bacteria isolates and moisture content were determined using standard laboratory techniques. The percentage moisture content of the groundnut pastes was between the range of 0.8% and 4.8%. Total bacteria count fell between 1.8 ×1014 and 12.4 × 1014CFU/mL with organisms such as Proteus species (spp.), Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Stapylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. isolated. Total fungal count was between 2×107 and 4×107CFU/mL with identified organisms such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus spp. and Penicillium spp. Proteus spp. was the most prevalent with a percentage of 19.23 % while Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. showed the least prevalence of 3.85%.   The results also show that fungi species spreads across all the samples with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus obtained in two of the samples, Rhizopus spp. in three other samples while Penicillum spp. were obtained in four samples. It is apparent from the result of this study that the groundnut paste examined were highly contaminated with microbial isolates sufficient enough to be a public health hazard in Jimeta markets and Adamawa State at large, therefore caution must be applied in its uses and consumption.
Molecular Detection of Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Isolated from Minimally Processed Foods Sold within Kaduna Metropolis
Authors: Haroun, A. A.  , Hafsat, A.  , Kabir, K.  , Denwe, D.
Published: September 2022

Minimally processed foods are widely consumed in Kaduna, Nigeria and the world at large. However, poor quality control during their processing make them prone to contamination by enteropathogens known to possess multiple virulence genes, possibly causing morbidities and mortalities. Investigating the prevalence and virulence genes of food-borne bacteria is therefore paramount. This study was aimed at detecting virulence genes in enteropathogenic bacteria associated with minimally processed foods sold within Kaduna metropolis. Samples of sliced watermelons, peeled sugarcanes, peeled and sliced pineapples and unshelled coconuts (n=140) were collected from Kaduna North, Kaduna South and Igabi LGAs. Upon enrichment, samples were inoculated onto Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) and Cefixime-Tellurite-Sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) agar and incubated for 18 hours at 35oC. Isolates were identified using MicrobactTM 24E Gram Negative Bacteria Identification System for Enterobacteriaceae. Thereafter, E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates’ DNA was extracted and purified using AccuPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit; used as a template for the PCR amplification of the bundle forming pilus (bfpA) and invasion (invA) genes; and then the PCR products were visualised using agarose gel electrophoresis documentation system. The results of the MicrobactTM analyses showed widespread contamination of the samples with E. coli (22 isolates) and Salmonella enterica (3 isolates). There was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial contaminants isolated from the various sampling areas (one-way ANOVA: p = 0.577); similarly, the type of the minimally processed food samples had no influence on the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates (p = 0.345). PCR result revealed that the invA virulence gene (284bp) was present in one Salmonella enterica isolate. The presence of invA gene in the Salmonella enterica isolate indicated that the isolate is a virulent strain, which can cause food-borne infections. These results indicated the contamination of the minimally processed fruits with enteropathogens, hence, standards of quality control should be enshrined, towards safer foods and enhanced health of the consuming populace.
Assessment of the Larvicidal Potency of Bacillus thuringiensis Against the Moth of Spoladea recurvalis on Amaranths Plant
Authors: Muhammed R. , Yahaya O. , Machido D. A.
Published: September 2022

The control of Spoladeare curvalis, a major pest of amaranth plant, has been through the use of synthetic pesticides which have been reported to have detrimental effects. This study was aimed at assessing the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis against the larvae of Spoladea recurvalis on amaranth plant. The assessment of the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis isolates from cow range land and refuse dump sites in Zaria metropolis habouringCry1 gene (CR2, CR4, RD1) was carried out by spraying spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates on amaranth plants infested with Spoladea recurvalis larvae. The mortality of S. recurvalis larvae, under a screen house were assessed after 24, 48 and 72hours of exposure to the spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates. Spore crystal mixtures of B. thuringiensis isolates were effective in causing larvae mortality with more than 60% mean mortality rate of S. recurvalis larvae after 72hours of exposure. The mortality rate of Spoladea rescurvalis increased with increase in exposure period. Spore crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates should be considered as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of Spoladea recurvalis larvae on amaranth plant. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; spore; larvae; amaranth; larvicidal.
Evaluation of losses and waste in the links of the cocoa production chain in the provinces of Tungurahua and Chimborazo- Ecuador
Authors: Amanta Yugcha Bryan Javier , Teneda Llerena William Fabian
Published: September 2022

Cocoa losses and waste have become a global problem, triggering economic, social and environmental inconveniences that lead to farmers-producers and value-generating companies that waste resources such as water, energy and land. The objective of this study is to identify losses and waste in the links of the cocoa production chain in the provinces of Tungurahua and Chimborazo. Based on a quantitative approach and supported by information collected on the research variables, and with a descriptive scope on characteristics and factors that influence the research object. Therefore, modeling was obtained for the provinces of Tungurahua and Chimborazo based on socioeconomic indicators and indicators of sales, production and planted area. In addition to approximations to the quantification of losses and waste in the transformation of the raw material to chocolate.
Administrative innovation and performance in banana companies
Authors: Acosta Acosta Emily Michelle , Leon Saltos Amparito Cecilia , Saltos Cruz Juan Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Banana companies represent one of Ecuador's main sources of income due to the export of their products. However, small Ecuadorian banana companies face several challenges because of the limited resources they have, being forced to implement innovative practices that allow them to meet the highstandards of the market and improve their organizational results. This research seeks to relate administrative innovation with the performance of banana companies, for which a non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational quantitative investigation was carried out. 86 small banana companies of Los Ríos province were analyzed. Through Spearman's Rho statistic, the elements that intervene in administrative innovation and business performance in banana plants was identified. The main results indicate that small banana companies do not yet have environmental management policies and practices that contribute to superior performance in this area.
EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATION SIZE ON ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES MANAGEMENT IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN KENYA
Authors: Ngugi Simon K. , Gakure Prof. Roselyn W. , Gekara Dr. Geoffrey M , Kahiri Dr. James K.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the effects of organization size on accounts receivables management in the hotel industry in KenyaMethodology: The target population of the study was 47 hotels and lodges in Kenya. A sample of 141 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling in each hotel and lodge to group respondents into three strata. The strata were that of top management, finance staff and credit control staff. This study used both primary and secondary data. Data collection methods used included: questionnaires and secondary data collection guide. Secondary data was collected for all variables for a period of three years (2007 to 2010). Data was analyzed quantitatively and presented descriptively and illustrated by use of tables and charts. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.  In particular, means, standard deviations, and frequencies. Inferential statistics such as factor analysis and odd ratio regression were also used. Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that size of the organization had a positive effect on accounts receivables management in the hotel industry in Kenya. It can be concluded that the larger the hotel the higher the accounts receivables to be managed hence the need to have a strong management structures and policies in place. The study concludes that size of the organization is statistically significant in explaining accounts receivables in the hotel industry in Kenya. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that hotel management should ensure that there are standardized and written manuals with the policies regarding trade credit and its management.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE AUDIT EXPECTATION GAP WITHIN STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Oluoch DR. Oluoch , Nasieku DR. Tabitha
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The current study sought to identify the relationship between audit committee characteristics and the audit expectation gap within the public sector in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a positivism philosophy and a descriptive research design in solving the research problem. The target population for the research was pooled from audit committee members in all the 119 state parastatals. The study relied on primary data that was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interview schedules. This was further supplemented using secondary data that was sourced from government reports and published reports. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical tests such as ANOVA and t-test was conducted to help in accepting or rejecting the research hypothesis.Results: The study findings indicated that audit committee composition R2 = .107 and audit committee meetings R2 = .19   had the highest association with audit expectation gap in state corporations.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that gender inclusion should be upheld within the public sector and more so within audit committees. Further in constituting audit committees there is need for stakeholders to ensure individual competencies such as technical skills, leadership qualities and integrity are available to help mitigate expectation gap. More so there should be appropriate skill mix within the audit committee which should be regularly assessed to ensure conformity to best standards of practice.
Population, Ethnicity, Clientelism and Political Representation in the Federal Executive and Legislative Arm of Government: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hart Akie Opuene
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Population, ethnicity, clientelism and political representation in the federal executive and legislative arms of government, a comparative analysis is a study of the evaluation of what the concepts are and the roles they play in the federal and legislative arms of government with the objective of using comparative analysis in assessing their impacts.

Methodology: The qualitative methodology with descriptive and historical research designs was used to collect secondary sources of data.

Findings: The findings showed that population, ethnicity, clientelism and political representation can either lead to stability or instability depending on how they are handled in the legislative and executive arms of government with the executive playing a more critical role. Political representation which is either elected or appointed if well handled in the optimum balancing of all vested interests will lead to stability in the executive and legislative systems of a federal government which will enable the society to make progress. This study found out that population, ethnicity, clientelism and political representation have tremendous positive or negative impacts on both federal executive and legislative arms of government as the population of a nation determines the size of its government and the level of infrastructural provisions; Geo-political and the king makers influences are also impactful.

Recommendation: It is recommended that there should be mass participation of the citizens in governance in their demand for true representation in governance and the use of the ballot to act as checks and balances to vote out non-performing leadership.
CONTRIBUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES TO FINANCIAL DISTRESS FACING LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN KENYA.
Authors: Ntoiti Dr. John , Gakure Prof. Roselyn, W. , Waititu Dr. Gichuhi A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of corporate governance practices to financial distress facing local authorities in Kenya.Methodology: A descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The study population comprised of the 175 Local Authorities in Kenya. A sample of 20 Local Authorities was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from both the Local Authorities officers and customers of Local Authorities.   The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Results indicated that Local Authorities had poor governance practices. Specifically, Local Authorities did not ensure transparency through the display of performance results to all stakeholders. In addition, the Local Authorities do not have a good leadership structure which supports corporate governance. It was also observed from the results that the number of corruption cases had not reduced in Local Authorities.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The studies recommended that there should be clearly defined boundaries between political and administrative wings and minimize interference by politicians in the implementation of policies and the recruitment of bureaucrats to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The culture of kickbacks and corruption should be eliminated through a cultural and mind set change.
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGY IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF STRATEGIC DIRECTION
Authors: Olaka Mr. Habil , Lewa Prof. Peter , Kiriri Dr. Peter
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of strategic leadership on the effective implementation of strategy in the commercial banks in Kenya. More specifically, the study investigates the effect of strategic direction on the implementation of strategy in commercial banks.Methodology: Adopted a quantitative research design whose target population was the top management team in the commercial banks in Kenya. The instrument of data collection was tested for reliability using the Cronbach alpha test and for validity using the KMO and Bartlett’s test. Statistical analysis was then carried out on the data collected.Findings: The findings from the study revealed that the five constructs of strategic direction namely: the vision/mission/strategic intent clearly defined and understood, using incentive compensation, facilitating employees’ meaning-making of changes, management not too committed to status quo as to avoid any perceived risks, and the CEO’s personality inclined towards change significantly influence on the implementation of strategy in the commercial banks.
THE ROLE ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP PLAYS IN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Narikae Parmain Ole , Namada Dr. Juliana M. , Katuse Prof. Paul
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The journal aims at assessing the role organizational leadership plays in strategy implementation.Methodology: The study population was made up of management and support staff of Kenyan commercial banks. The study used questionnaire as a study tool to get pertinent data from respondents. The study focused on 250 top, middle and lower level employees from Kenyan commercial banks. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze data. The descriptive statistics methods used include mean and standard deviation while the inferential statistics utilized in the study include Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and coefficients. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel programs were the statistical programs that were used for analysis.Results: Of all the factors of organizational leadership, highly statistical significant were leadership commitment and coordination. A correlation analysis to determine the relationship between leadership commitment and coordination demonstrated that leadership commitment influences coordination in the organization.Recommendations: From the study, it is concluded that, commitment, communication, coordination and monitoring were the factors of organizational leadership that had a great influence on strategy implementation and recommends management of organizations to demonstrate leadership qualities in the strategy implementation process.
Examining the Relationship Amongst Transformational Leadership, Talent Management, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Review of Literature
Authors: Magambo Joshua
Published: September 2022

Purpose: With the growing need to compete in a globalize world alongside conflicting and competing interest, transformational leadership has resulted in mixed outcomes. A vast number of studies have been conducted to explore the impact of transformational leadership on talent management and organizational effectiveness.

Methodology: This study employed desktop research methodology to critically review literature on the phenomenon with aim of highlighting empirical as well as contextual gaps in extant literature and proposing an integrated conceptual model that links transformational leadership to talent management and organizational effectiveness. This is done while highlighting the role of organizational context and phase of development on the phenomenon.

Findings: The study found that transformational leadership is central to talent management and organizational effectiveness. Although transformational leadership has a positive impact on talent management, which results in organizational effectiveness, a need to include other variables that affect the relationship such as the organizational context and phase of development was identified.

Unique Contribution and Recommendation: The study recommends that organizations should embrace transformational leadership style to achieve organizational effectiveness. Further, the study recommend talent management practice should be a core concern of leaders who intend to realize faster and sustainable organizational effectiveness.
Left Flank Pain and Hydronephrosis as the Initial Presentations of Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jaradat Ahmad , Shakshir Ali
Published: September 2022

Ureteric obstruction is rarely noted in cases of gastric cancer. Its involvement by distant metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma without direct invasion is an exceptionally unusual occurrence. This is the story of a 58-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department with acute flank pain and fever. He was initially diagnosed with obstructive pyelonephritis after the discovery of a new onset, complete ureteric obstruction on the left side. Subsequent investigations and follow-up revealed the presence of gastric adenocarcinoma with possible ureteric metastasis bilaterally, flank pain and hydronephrosis were the first and only presentations of gastric cancer. The rarity of the condition and the unusual presentation encouraged us to report the case.
A Population based Study on Self Medication Practice in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Kamran , Zaman Aqsa , Khurshid Hashmi Furqan , Khan Rizwan
Published: September 2022

Background: The risk of antibiotics resistance (AR) increases due to excessive of antibiotics either by health care provider or by the patients.
Objective: The assessment of the self-medication Practice of over the counter drugs and other prescription drugs and its associated risk factor.
Subjects and Methods: Study design: A descriptive study was conducted from “20th December 2019 to 08th January 2021”. A pre validated and structured questionnaire in English and Urdu language was created to avoid language barrier including personal detail, reasons and source and knowledge about over the counter drugs and Antibiotics. Sample of the study was randomly selected. Data was analyzed by software SPSS version 22.
Results: Out of n=3388 respondents, the prevalence of self -medication practice of OTC drugs and antibiotics as self – medication practice in all of the respondents is 88% and 85.9% respectively. Knowledge of the respondents about the use of the antibiotics as well as side effects of antibiotics was 40.7% and 15.3% respectively. Headache, fever, cough and stomach problem were the minor ailments for which   majority of OTC drugs and antibiotics used respectively. The commonly used OTC drugs and OPDEA were Paracetamol and Omeprazole. The commonly used antibiotics were Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid and Ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: Government should make policies to train pharmacist in the community for antibiotics stewardship and standard treatment guidelines through educational workshops. Our future study will be on how to minimize antimicrobial resistance in the developing countries

 Conclusion: Government should make policies to train pharmacist in the community for antibiotics stewardship and standard treatment guidelines through educational workshops. Our future study will be on how to minimize antimicrobial resistance in the developing countries.
Inteligencia y conocimiento: herramientas para la toma de decisiones en entornos estratégicos
Authors: Sandoval Perdomo Adolfo Ernesto
Published: September 2022

Desde las entidades académicas e investigativas del Ejército Nacional de Colombia reconocemos la responsabilidad de generar más y mejor conocimiento e información para enfrentar la multiplicidad de situaciones problemáticas a las que nos vemos enfrentados en esta era de globalización y posconflicto (FIP - Ideas para la Paz, s.f.; Oyarzún, 2018). En esta revista se indaga y establece la preocupación práctica y académica para abordar estas múltiples vulnerabilidades desde la investigación, la ciencia y la creación del conocimiento.
Inteligencia, vigilancia y reconocimiento IR-FLIR en los vehículos aéreos no tripulados de la Inteligencia Militar
Authors: Beltrán Bejarano Óscar Leonel , Alfonso Sandoval Juan David
Published: September 2022

Este artículo pretende evidenciar la necesidad del Ejército Nacional de Colombia de acceder y hacer uso de herramientas tecnológicas de vanguardia, como pueden ser los sensores IR-FLIR, en su afán de apoyar y complementar el desarrollo de diversas operaciones militares, además del control y la defensa de la seguridad nacional a lo largo del territorio colombiano. Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV por su sigla en inglés) han aportado en gran magnitud a la solución de diversas necesidades que a través del tiempo se han presentado en las tareas de la Inteligencia Militar (IMI) y a su vez de la defensa de los intereses nacionales para cualquier Estado. En la actualidad es fácil encontrar sobre el espacio aéreo diversos tipos de “Drones”, los cuales realizan misiones humanitarias por organismos estatales, acciones agropecuarias en el campo, como también otras actividades de entretenimiento realizadas por aficionados.

En el Ejército Nacional de Colombia se presenta una situación particular, la utilización de vehículos “UAV” para apoyar el desarrollo de operaciones militares y actividades de inteligencia militar (Inteligencia, vigilancia y reconocimiento - ISR) no ha sido tenida en cuenta principalmente en operaciones militares nocturnas por la falta de credibilidad y confianza en la información suministrada por la Inteligencia Militar para el desarrollo de las misiones a nivel táctico, operacional y estratégico. Por tal razón se busca la pertinencia que tendría la adquisición de nuevos sensores para las FF.MM.
From West to East: Tree Placement Differentially Affects Summertime Household Energy Consumption in a Semi-Arid City
Authors: Abram Lauren , Keller Joshua , Tulanowski Elizabeth , McHale Melissa
Published: September 2022

Background: Urban tree canopy (UTC) is often proposed as a mitigation strategy for simultaneously decreasing carbon emissions and urban heating in cities. Not only can trees reduce outdoor temperatures through shading and transpiration, but research also suggests that microclimate regulation by trees surrounding buildings can lead to cooler indoor temperatures and a subsequent decrease in summertime energy use. Methods: We analyzed summertime cooling electricity consumption for 21,048 single-family homes in a semi-arid city in northern Colorado, USA. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression models, we evaluated the potential impact of UTC on cooling electricity use in 16 different zones around each house. We hypothesized that trees closer to the home, and trees located on the west and south sides of homes, would have the greatest impact on cooling electricity use. Results: UTC in all 16 zones around residential buildings was associated with negative correlation coefficients, indicating that UTC may be having an impact on energy use. Our regression results showed that UTC on the east side of single-family homes had the greatest effect. Conclusions: Although our results indicated that trees in landscapes around residential buildings can lead to some decreases in household-level energy consumption, the reductions in electricity usage were not as substantial as previous studies have predicted. Past research has shown that tree location matters, and our results indeed show that where UTC is located in reference to a building can change how much impact trees have on energy use. However, our results also show that trees on the east side of buildings have the most impact on household energy consumption in a semi-arid city in Colorado during the summer months. These results directly contradict predictions offered by popular ecosystem service models that show trees on the west and south sides of buildings as having the most impact on energy use in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that the energy benefits provided by urban trees outweigh their carbon sequestration potential, and our results indicated this assumption may not hold true in all cities.
Colorectal carcinoma after liver transplantation
Authors: Jungwirth J. , Mačinga Peter , Král Jan , Taimr Pavel , Froněk Jiří , Špičák Julius , Hucl Tomáš
Published: September 2022

Summary: Introduction: Patients after liver transplantation (LTx) have an increased risk of developing malignancies, especially skin malignancies and lymphomas. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, its incidence may be higher after transplantation of certain organs. In liver transplant patients, the risk of developing CRC is not clearly known. Aim and methods: The aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of CRC in patients after liver transplantation and to enrich these data with our own experience from our transplant center. Results: In the literature, the documented incidence of colorectal cancer ranges from comparable to twice as high, compared to the general population. Most studies evaluate incidence of different tumors after transplantatin of various organs irrespective of the indication for transplantation. An unequivocally proven risk factor is the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis by ulcerative colitis, which is, however, a precancer in itself. Studies in which non-PSC and UC liver transplant recipients were evaluated separately mostly did not show an increased risk of CRC. Conclusion: According to most studies, the incidence of colorectal cancer in all liver transplant patients is slightly higher than in the general population. The risk of PSC/UC in liver transplant patients is significantly higher, which strongly supports the necessity of their regular endoscopic surveillance. In patients transplanted for other indications, the risk of developing CRC seems comparable with the general population. Posttransplant CRC is characterized by location in the right colon, diagnosis at a later stage and worse prognosis. Key words: transplantation – liver transplantion– colorectal carcinoma
Effect of ketamine, an NMDA-receptor antagonist, on gastric myoelectric activity in experimental pigs
Authors: Bureš Jan , Květina Jaroslav , Radochová Věra , Zavoral Miroslav , Suchánek Štěpán , Rejchrt Stanislav , Vališ Martin , Knoblochová Veronika , Žďárová Karasová Jana , Soukup Ondřej , Kohoutová Darina
Published: September 2022

Summary: Introduction: Preclinical studies in experimental pigs are carried out mostly under general anaesthesia. Ketamine is commonly used for induction of anaesthesia. However, there are concerns that ketamine, an NMDA-receptor antagonist, may influence gastric motor function. The aim of this study was to investigate porcine gastric myoelectric activity by means of electrogastrography (EGG). Methods: Seventeen female animals (mean weight 36.2±3.8 kg) were enrolled. Drugs used for induction of anaesthesia were: Group A (n=5): medetomidine 0.1 mg/kg i. m.; butorphanol 0.3 mg/kg i. m.; midazolam 0.3 mg/kg i. m.; Group B (n=6): azaperon 2.2 mg/kg i. m.; Group C (n=6): ketamine 20 mg/kg i. m.; azaperon 2.2 mg/kg i. m., followed in all groups by i.v. 1% propofol (repeated one-mL boluses, 10–12 mL in total). EGG recording started 15 min. after the induction administration and lasted 30 min. Results were evaluated as the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves (DF) and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). Results: In total, 510 one-minute EGG intervals were assessed. DFs were (mean ± standard deviation): 1.4±0.4 (Group A), 1.3±0.3 (Group B) and 0.2±0.1 cycles per min. (Group C). The differences between group C and groups A and B were statistically significant (p<0.001). Median power (IQR) was 0.13 (0.02–0.44; Group A), 0.13 (0.03–0.54; Group B) and 0.30 V2 (0.07–1.44; Group C). The difference between groups A and C was of borderline significance (p=0.066; type 2 error beta 0.295). Conclusions: Ketamine, administered even in a single intramuscular dose, affected myoelectric function of the porcine stomach. Therefore, it should be avoided in gastrointestinal motility studies in experimental pigs. Key words: ketamine – NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) -receptor antagonist – electrogastrography – myoelectrical activity – experimental pigs
PERAN STRATEGIS APARAT PENGAWASAN INTERN PEMERINTAH (APIP) DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 TINJAUAN DARI PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Muhaimin M
Published: September 2022

With the outbreak of COVID-19 and having a huge impact on the government, it requires large-scale handling of COVID-19 to prevent the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.The tight escort from APIP as the government's internal control.APIP is expected to be able to oversee and ensure government financial accountability in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. APIP's strategic role in overseeing the implementation of state / regional financial governance related to refocusing activities, budget reallocation and procurement of goods / services in accelerating the handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) including: Reviewing of refocusing and budget reallocation, reviewing of implementation of procurement of goods / services, post audit of goods / services procurement, and giving consultancy / assistance in financial management and procurement of goods / services in handling COVID-19.

Keywords : COVID 19, APIP, Refocusing and budget reallocation
High Prevalence of Anemia in Children in Dharavi Locality of Mumbai: Possible Role of Homeopathy
Authors: Kumar Selvan Senthil , Valavan Ramachandran , Manoharan Raja , Sabarirajan S. , Aishwarya  , Sitharthan R.
Published: September 2022

Background: Prevalence of Anemia is reported to be as high as about 90% in some segments of the population in India. Dharavi is arguably the largest slum in Asia. Due to its socioeconomic status, there is a possibility of malnutrition in this area. We have surveyed the area for the prevalence of anemia in Dharavi. 

Methods: The status was assessed with the help of Local Laboratories at Dharavi. Children from 5 to 15 years of age were surveyed from 7 different areas of Dharavi. Their name, age, gender, contact number and the hemoglobin level were collected in the survey and analysed based on WHO criteria of mild (11 – 11.4 g/ dL), moderate (8.1 – 10.9 g/dL) and severe anemia (<8g/dL) in primary school-age children (5-11 years), middle-school-age childhood (12-14 years) and secondary school-age childhood (15 years). 

Results & Discussion: There were 673 children surveyed. Kumbharwada had the highest number of subjects with 172 children. There were 380 male and 293 females. 324 children were from the primary school-age group, 255 from the middle-school-age group (12-14 years) and 94 from secondary school age childhood (15 years). Of the total 673 children, 363 children were non-anemic, and 310 children were anemic. There were 44, 91, and 41 children who were of mild anemic from the primary school-age group respectively, 77, 23and 16 children were moderate anemic from the middle-school-age group respectively, and 8, 6 and 4 children were severely anemic from the secondary school-age group respectively. 

Conclusion: Dharavi, one of the most populated localities in the world, has a significant number of children with anemia. Homoeopathic can be a possible solution for the same in addition to the appropriate supplement.
Scope of Homoeopathic medicines in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)
Authors: Mahajan Ashish , Mahajan Nidhi , Mathur Astha , Salodiya Sapna , Wadhwani Ritu
Published: September 2022

Backgroud: Internet gaming disorder is a pattern of excessive and prolonged Internet gaming that results in a cluster of cognitive and behavioural symptoms.

Objective: To find out the group of homoeopathic drugs that may be indicated in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).

Methods: Reviewing the Homeopathic literature, Reviewing the studies done on IGD, Finding the group of medicines indicated in IGD

Results: Polychrest Homeopathic medicines Stramonium, Belladonna, Nux vomica, Vertrum album, Pulsatilla, Ignatia, Calcarea carbonicum, Platinum, Aurum metallicum, Natrum muriaticum and Lycopodium were selected

Conclusion: This study is a step towards profiling of Homoeopathic medicines for IGD. Further studies for clinical verification of these medicines on IGD can be undertaken.
Writing Abstract and Keywords of Scientific Article-Do’s and Don’ts
Authors: Bezawada Brunda , Nayak Chaturbhuja
Published: September 2022

Background: Writing manuscript is important in any  discipline for the dissemination of new knowledge.  Abstract and keywords are one of the most important  parts of manuscript an editor or a reader looks for as  it gives important points of whole paper as summary.  Hence, knowledge on how to write a good abstract  and keywords is a basic requirement for the authors  to get their paper accepted, well indexed and good  readability. In this paper, we review the literature as  to how to write an abstract and keywords of scientific  articles. 

Methods: Literature regarding writing abstract, as  well as keywords of scientific articles was searched in  the leading search engine Pubmed with the following  search terms and their combinations: writing abstract,  keywords, scientific article.  

Results: After different types of search, fifteen papers  were selected based on their relevancy.  

Conclusion:Effective abstracts and keywords provide  sufficient details of the whole paper without looking  or reading the entire article saving a lot of time. This  paper covers various aspects of writing abstract and  keywordsof scientific article.