bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution-Based Screening of Fluorescent SWCNT Nanosensors
Authors: Jeong Sanghwa
Published: August 2024

The functionalization of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has proven to be a versatile platform for the development of biosensors targeting small molecules, proteins, and environmental factors. In this study, we introduce a novel and generic strategy that utilizes random single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) libraries to evolve synthetic molecular recognition on the surface of SWCNTs.

Building upon our previous successes, we present the evolution of molecular recognition, specifically targeting the neuromodulator serotonin. This evolution is achieved through a combination of directed evolution and machine learning-based prediction, focusing on the iterative optimization process to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of ssDNA-SWCNT nanosensors.

In addition to neurotransmitter sensing, we extend the application of our evolved random ssDNA-SWCNT complexes to the development of cancer cell-targeting biosensors. Through positive selection, these complexes can be tailored to recognize and bind selectively to cancer cells. Simultaneously, negative selection ensures minimal interaction with normal cells. Those results showcase the broad applicability of our approach, suggesting that the elaborate functionalization of SWCNTs with specific ssDNA sequences can be universally employed for the rapid and convenient fabrication of novel biosensors and artificial antibodies. This research represents a significant step towards the development of highly specific and efficient nanosensors for diverse biomedical applications.
Engineering pH Resilience in Optical Nanotube Sensors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Behjati Sara , Huang Lei , Rousseau Benjamin , Wang Hanxuan , Rabbani Yahya , Di Costanzo Roberta , Sajjadi Sayyed Hashem , Boghossian Ardemis Anoush
Published: August 2024

Optical probes enable real-time monitoring of biomarkers in vitro, in vivo, and in cells. Probes based on the fluorescence of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) specifically benefit from photostable near-infrared light emissions that are minimally absorbed by biological tissue. SWCNTs are often solubilized by DNA to enable the optical detection of specific bioanalytes. Despite efforts to engineer the selectivity of the DNA sequences towards only specific analytes of interest, these DNA-wrapped sensors are prone to optical perturbations from fluctuations in pH. In this work, we explore the fluorescence effects of DNA-SWCNT in varying pH. We observe a substantial pH effect that varies with the DNA sequence and exploit this pH sensitivity for applications in cancer detection. Using xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), we further engineer optical sensors that show resilience towards fluctuations in pH, enabling the detection of biomarkers in the absence of contributions from varying pH effects.
(Invited) Tackling Leakage, Drift, and Variation in Printed Carbon Nanotube-Based Electronic Biosensors
Authors: Franklin Aaron D
Published: August 2024

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been pursued for use in electronic biosensors for decades. Their all-surface molecular structure, sizeable semiconducting bandgap, and solution-phase compatibility make them highly sensitive and versatile options for transducing target bioelectrical signals. However, amid the thousands of reports on CNT-based electronic biosensors, very little attention has been given to identifying (let alone addressing) the impact of leakage current, signal drift, and device-to-device variation. This talk will present recent results focused on tackling these issues with specific emphasis on printed CNT-based biosensors. For instance, a variety of passivation strategies were studied to determine the role of leakage current for CNT transistor-based biosensors (i.e., bioFETs or ion-sensitive FETs), revealing that a bilayer epoxy/high-k dielectric stack was most effective at minimizing unwanted leakage current. The influence of signal drift will also be demonstrated, likely playing a significant role in many previous reports of CNT-based biosensors characterized by sequential concentration spikes. Finally, strategies for addressing device-to-device variation in these biosensors will be discussed, including the motivation for a printed thin-film device rather than a single-CNT configuration. Two things seem certain about this field: 1) the promise of CNT-based biosensors continues to suggest they are worth ongoing pursuit, and 2) there is much work remaining towards achieving a reproducible, reliable electronic biosensing technology from CNTs.
(Invited) An in Vitro Model of Mechanical Strain Enhances Cellular Uptake of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nadeem Aceer , Li Anna , Roxbury Daniel , Jaworski David , Constantinou Iordania
Published: August 2024

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal optical biosensors due to their intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) emission, which is highly sensitive, easily tunable, and indefinitely photostable. Due to such desirable properties coupled with appropriate functionalization strategies, SWCNTs have been used in numerous in vitro, live-cell, and in vivo applications. Depending on the type of functionalization as well as cell type, SWCNTs can be internalized by live cells via demonstrated energy-dependent endocytosis processes where they are retained within the endosomal pathway or are expelled by the cells. While this uptake and intracellular processing of SWCNTs has been recently examined, these studies are usually performed with standard cell culture techniques in petri dishes or 3D cultures. Unlike these cultures, cells in living organisms are continuously exposed to a wide variety of stimuli, e.g., periodic mechanical strain, during both normal and disease-related conditions. Thus, it is important to investigate how cells under physiological stretching compare to those grown in standard cultures. Herein, using a novel cell stretching platform to mimic physiological conditions, we investigate the uptake of SWCNTs into different human cancer cells.

Our results indicate that cells exposed to uniform radial stretching display significantly higher rates of nanoparticle uptake, which can be correlated to their increased level of cellular activity. This approach recognizes the importance of studying cellular responses in environments that more closely resemble the complex conditions found in living organisms. It suggests a potential connection between mechanical stimuli and cellular processes related to SWCNT uptake. This finding has implications for understanding how nanotube uptake differs in different cellular stress environments and how cells respond to their dynamic and ever-changing microenvironment.

Investigating how the mechanical strain influences the endocytosis processes and subsequent intracellular fate of SWCNTs can provide valuable insights into the interplay between nanomaterials and living cells under more realistic conditions. Further aiding us in the development of more accurate intracellular biosensors and effective drug delivery platforms using SWCNTs.
(Invited) Defect Photoluminescence Generation in Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Chemical Functionalization Approaches
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Saito Rioe , Nishinakama Hiroki , Ryu Sumin , Saeki Hayato , Tanaka Naoki , Harano Koji , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko
Published: August 2024

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are structural analogues of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). They have nanocylindrical structures composed of rolled-up hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets. The BN framework consists of alternately connecting boron and nitrogen atoms with sp2 hybridization. Therein, a strong covalent bond with an ionic character is formed due to their electronegativity difference. Accordingly, BNNTs exhibit unique properties such as high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and a wide bandgap semiconducting feature [1]. The large bandgap (ca. 6 eV) is less dependent on tube diameters and chiralities, and optical absorption and emission for pristine tubes occur in deep UV regions (around 200 nm) based on the band edge transition. In typical BNNT samples, however, atomic vacancies in the BN framework are reported to provide longer wavelength photoluminescence (PL) in UV–vis regions [2].

To date, chemical functionalization of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) have been developed to create luminescent defects emitting red-shifted and bright near-infrared PL [3-6]. In this study, we use the chemical functionalization method to produce luminescent defects in BNNTs [7].

A reductive alkylation reaction for BNNTs was conducted using sodium naphthalenide and 1-bromohexane to synthesize hexylated BNNTs (h-BNNTs). In a PL spectrum of h-BNNTs, PL peaks appeared at 334 and 413 nm, which were not observed for unmodified BNNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the hexyl group was covalently attached on the boron site of BNNTs, by which sp3 hybridized boron atoms were partly formed in the BN network as defects. The covalent attachment of the hexyl group was also confirmed by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscope observations. Chemical reaction conditions were found to be a key factor for the emission wavelength variations of the resultant defect PL. Therefore, it is revealed that the luminescent defect formation in BNNTs is achieved based on the chemical functionalization approach. The functionalized BNNTs would be applicable to advanced optical applications such as quantum light sources.

[1] D. Golberg et al. ACS Nano,4, 2979 (2010). [2] L. Museur et al. J. Appl. Phys., 118, 084305 (2015). [3] T. Shiraki et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1846 (2020). [4] B. Gifford et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1791 (2020). [5] A. H. Brozena et al. Nat. Rev. Chem. 3, 375 (2019). [6] J. Zaumseil. Adv. Opt. Mater. 10, 2101576 (2022). [7] T. Shiraki et al. Chem. Lett. 52, 44 (2023).

Figure 1
(Invited) Analytical Super-Resolution Microscopy Approaches for the Morphological Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Heterogeneity
Authors: Lambert Benjamin Paul , Nandi Somen , Kerkhof Hadrien , Cognet Laurent
Published: August 2024

The ability to determine the shape, size and orientation of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes is critical for a plethora of applications. Yet the heterogeneity of the nanotube samples is often overlooked due to the lack of investigation approaches which may impact the obtained results. Although techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) could be used to this extent, they require heavy instrumentation and analysis, and do not necessarily allow the temporal and in situ characterization of the samples. On the other hand, super resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches can be used to determine the structure of fluorescent nano-objects with high precision while retaining the possibility to perform in situ studies. In particular, analytical SRM approaches are particularly interesting as they rely only on post-processing and do not require any specific optical component.

In this context, we study the performances of three analytical SRM approaches for the determination of SWCNT shape, size and orientation. Using correlative microscopy between optical and AFM approaches this study provides an in-depth comparison of the performances of analytical SRM approaches for the morphological characterization of individual SWCNTs.

B.P. Lambert et al., in preparation
(Invited) Triplet Excitons in sp3-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Optically-Detected Magnetic Resonance
Authors: De Sousa Jesus Alejandro , Settele Simon , Goovaerts Etienne , Zaumseil Jana , Crivillers Nuria , Cambre Sofie
Published: August 2024

Controlled sp3-functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has become a common route to enhance their emission efficiency [1], indispensable for their integration in various applications.[2] While a lot of research focused on the effect of the functionalization on the singlet excitons, little information is available on how the triplet excitons are affected by the creation of these sp3-defects along the CNT wall. Here we investigate such triplet excitons by optically detected magnetic resonance, a technique combining the sensitivity of emission spectroscopy with magnetic resonance transitions between the triplet sublevels in an external applied magnetic field. We preform ODMR experiments on a series of samples with different functionalization density and functional groups, and find significant differences in zero-field splitting, ODMR intensity and triplet spin density distribution. While pristine SWCNTs hold triplet excitons with a purely axial symmetry and a zero-field splitting inversely proportional to the diameter of the SWCNT [3], the spin-density distribution of triplet excitons trapped in the sp3-defects changes significantly, losing the axial symmetry of the CNTs. Moreover, we will show how intersystem crossing can be tuned by changing the functional group that is attached to the SWCNT. These results show first steps towards exploiting sp3-functionalization to tune intersystem crossing in CNTs.

[1] Y. Piao et al, Nature Chem 5, 840 (2013)

[2] J. Zaumseil et al, Adv. Opt. Mater. 10, 2101576 (2022)

[3] I. Sudakov et al, ACS Nano 17, 2190 (2023)
(Invited) Tunable Infrared Optoelectronics Achieved by the Reversible Intercalation of Ionic Liquid Anions in Multilayer Graphene in the Mid-Infrared Wavelength Range
Authors: Cronin Stephen B.
Published: August 2024

We report the use of multilayer graphene (MLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approximately 75 layers (26 nm) thick configured in a simple electrochemical device. Applying a voltage of 3–4 V drives the intercalation of anion [TFSI-] (ion liquid diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [DEME][TFSI]]) resulting in the reversible modulation of the properties of this optically dense material. Upon intercalation, we observe an abrupt shift of 35 cm−1 in the G band Raman mode, an abrupt increase in FTIR reflectance over the wavelength range from 1.67 to 5 μm (2000–6000 cm−1 ), and an abrupt increase in luminescent background observed in the Raman spectra of graphene. All of these abrupt changes in the optical properties of this material arise from the intercalation of the TFSI− ion and the associated change in the free carrier density (Δn = 1021 cm−3). Suppression of the 2D band Raman mode observed around 3 V corresponds to Pauli blocking of the double resonance Raman process and indicates a modulation of the Fermi energy of ΔEF= 1.1 eV. The thermal emissivity of the MLG device is also substantially modulated over the range from 7 – 14 µm. Using this device, have demonstrated free-space optical communication that utilizes ambient Planck radiation from a warm body and modulates the emitted intensity. We present an experimental demonstration achieving error-free communications at 100 bits per second over laboratory scales. We have also developed an AC Raman technique for measuring the Raman spectra during the intercalation−deintercalation half cycles in a multilayer graphene (MLG) device operating at 0.2−10 Hz. Raman spectra taken just 200 ms apart show the emergence and disappearance of the intercalated G band mode at around 1610 cm−1 . By integration of over hundreds of cycles, a significant Raman signal can be obtained. The intercalation/ deintercalation is also monitored with thermal imaging via voltage-induced changes in the carrier density, complex dielectric function ε(ω), and thermal emissivity of the device.

“Dynamic Study of Intercalation/Deintercalation of Ionic Liquids in Multilayer Graphene Using an Alternating Current Raman Spectroscopy Technique” Zhi Cai, Haley Weinstein, Indu Aravind, Ruoxi Li, Sizhe Weng, Boxin Zhang, Jonathan L. Habif, and Stephen B. Cronin. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 14, 7223 (2023).

“Gate-tunable modulation of the optical properties of multilayer graphene by the reversible intercalation of ionic liquid anions” Zhi Cai, Indu Aravind, Haley Weinstein, Ruoxi Li, Jiangbin Wu, Han Wang, Jonathan Habif, and Stephen Cronin. Journal of Applied Physics. 132, 095102 (2022).

“Harvesting Planck radiation for free-space optical communications in the long-wave infrared band“ Haley A. Weinstein, Zhi Cai, Stephen B. Cronin, and Jonathan L. Habif, Optics Letters.
47, 6225-6228 (2022).

Figure 1
(Invited) Nanofluidic Ion Transport in Carbon Nanotube Porin Channels
Authors: Noy Aleksandr
Published: August 2024

Extreme spatial confinement in narrow fluidic channels strongly influences their transport properties and enables unconventional selectivity mechanisms that can often mimic some of the selectivity and transport characteristics of biological membrane channels. More than any modern nanomaterial, carbon nanotubes have enabled experimental platforms that can recreate such extreme confinement in a channel with defined geometry and controllable electronic properties. I will discuss ion transport in canon nanotube porin channels and show how confinement phenomena, coupled with the different electronic effects in these channels can shape their transport properties and ion selectivity characteristics. Overall, these observations contribute to our understanding of nanoscale transport and pave the way for developing a new generation of precision separation platforms for biomedical and industrial use.
In dystrophic mdx hindlimb muscles where fibrosis is limited, versican haploinsufficiency transiently improves contractile function without reducing inflammation
Authors: Debruin Danielle , McRae Natasha L. , Addinsall Alex B. , McCulloch Daniel R. , Barker Robert G. , Debrincat Didier , Hayes Alan , Murphy Robyn M. , Stupka Nicole
Published: August 2024

The proteoglycan versican is upregulated in muscular dystrophy. In fibrotic diaphragm muscles from mdx mice, versican reduction attenuated macrophage infiltration and improved performance. Here, in hindlimb muscles from 6- and 20-wk-old mdx mice, where pathology is mild, versican reduction did not decrease inflammation and contractile function improvements were limited to juvenile mice. In dystrophic mdx muscles, the association between versican and inflammation is mediated by fibrosis, demonstrating interdependence between the immune system and extracellular matrix.
Melatonin inhibits voltage-gated potassium KV4.2 channels and negatively regulates melatonin secretion in rat pineal glands
Authors: Mishima Hiroki , Ando Shunsuke , Kuzuhara Hibiki , Yamamura Aya , Kondo Rubii , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Imaizumi Yuji , Yamamura Hisao
Published: August 2024

Melatonin is a hormone that is synthesized in and secreted from the pineal glands, which regulates circadian rhythms. However, the effects of melatonin on pineal ion channels remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that melatonin directly inhibited voltage-gated potassium KV4.2 channels, which are highly expressed in rat pinealocytes, and induced membrane depolarization, resulting in a decrease in melatonin secretion. This mechanism may function as a negative-feedback mechanism of melatonin secretion in pineal glands.
Phytotoxicity and Identification of Active Compounds from Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Plant for Controlling Weeds
Authors: Hossen Kawsar , Teruya Toshiaki , Tojo Shunya , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: August 2024

Phytotoxic compounds isolated and identified from different plants have the ability to use as plant‐based herbicides. Phytotoxic chemicals may be essential to weed management and environmental protection in order to reduce the indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides. It has been reported that Elaeocarpus floribundus plant possesses phytotoxic compounds. The leaf extracts of this species demonstrated significant growth inhibition against the tested plants (dicot plant lettuce and plant monocot timothy) and inhibition was dose‐ and species‐dependent pattern. Two phytotoxic compounds were separated using different purifications methods and identified as compounds 1 and 2. All phytotoxic compounds displayed potent growth limitation against the tested species (cress). The compound concentrations needed for the inhibition of 50% growth (IC50 value) of tested species ranged from 1.06 to 8.53 µM (micromolar). Findings of this research suggest that these compounds might be responsible for the phytotoxicity of Elaeocarpus floribundus plant. The results of this study may be helpful for the development of natural herbicide to control weeds.
Table 1 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: August 2024

Summary of expressed polypeptides
Figure 2 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: August 2024

Construction and biophysical characterization of an ELP fusion protein targeting both CD99 and FLT3 receptors. A, A single-chain variable fragment targeting either CD99 receptor or FLT3 receptor was genetically fused to the amino-terminus of a high molecular weight ELP, A192. These CD99-A192 and FLT3-A192 nanoparticles were expressed in E. coli. Prior to protein refolding, CD99-A192 and FLT3-A192 were co-assembled to generate the dual-targeting CD99-A192/FLT3-A192 nanoparticles. B, Following purification, ELPs were obtained with high purity as indicated by an SDS-PAGE gel stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. On the right image, the fluorescent image of the SDS-PAGE gel shows efficient fluorescent labeling the proteins with NHS-rhodamine or FITC. C, The high purity of the ELPs was further confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The mass spectrum of Co-Assembled shows two sets of distinct m/z peaks corresponding to the presence of both CD99-A192 and FLT3-A192. D, The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the scFv-ELPs was measured using DLS at 37°C. Compared to CD99-A192 and FLT3-A192, Co-Assembled increased the Rh of nanoparticle formation. E, SEC-MALS was used to measure the absolute molar mass and radius of gyration (Rg) of the scFv-ELP nanoparticles. For all three fusion proteins, the monomers oligomerized to form nanoparticles with an absolute molar mass of 107 to 5 × 107 Da. F–H, The morphology of the (F) CD99-A192, (G) FLT3-A192, and (H) Co-Assembled nanoparticles was observed via negative-staining TEM, which showed an elongated, rod-like nanostructures. Scale bar: 0.1 μm. I, The transition temperatures (Tt) of the ELPs were measured at 0.4, 2, 10, and 50 μmol/L. Consistent with previous findings, the fusion of scFv to A192 lowers the transition temperature of A192; however, all formulations are expected to remain soluble at physiological temperatures.
Wie steht es um unsere Partnerschaft? Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zum Beziehungscheck – Eine neue präventive Kurzintervention für Paare
Authors: Oltmanns Estelle , Hahlweg Kurt , Gomez Penedo Juan Martin , Job Ann-Katrin
Published: August 2024

Einleitung: Relationship Checkups (RC) sind präventive Kurzinterventionen für Paare, bei denen die Partner:innen ein Feedback zu den Stärken und Schwächen ihrer Partnerschaft erhalten. Bisherige Studien zeigten, dass Paare hinsichtlich ihrer Partnerschaftszufriedenheit und Depressivität von der Teilnahme an RCs profitieren. Der Beziehungscheck (BC) ist der erste deutschsprachige RC. Methode: In einer quasiexperimentellen Pilotstudie wurde die Durchführbarkeit des BC überprüft und untersucht, ob heterosexuelle Paare, die zuvor am BC teilgenommen hatten (BC+; N = 84), stärker von der Teilnahme an einem Kommunikations- und Problemlösetraining (EPL) profitieren als Paare, die ausschließlich am EPL teilnahmen (BC–; N = 78). Als Ergebnismaße wurden die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit, die Anzahl der Konfliktbereiche sowie das Ausmaß depressiver und ängstlicher Symptomatik über zwei Messzeitpunkte (Prä, Post) hinweg betrachtet. Ergebnisse: Der BC ließ sich mit einer heterogenen Gruppe an Paaren zeitökonomisch durchführen. Es ergab sich keine Überlegenheit der BC+- gegenüber der BC–-Gruppe, jedoch zeigte sich über beide Gruppen hinweg eine signifikante Reduktion der Anzahl der Konfliktbereiche (d = –0,08 bis –0,50) sowie der Ängstlichkeit der Partner:innen (d = 0,04 bis –0,30). Diskussion: Der BC könnte eine vielversprechende Ergänzung präventiver Angebote für Paare darstellen. Künftige Studien sollten den BC als alleinige Kurzintervention sowie individuelle Wirksamkeitsverläufe in Abhängigkeit von den Ausgangswerten der Paare analysieren, um mögliche Effekte besser aufdecken zu können.
Real-Life Results after the Administration of a Single 0.19 mg Fluocinolone Acetonide (ILUVIEN®) Implant in Patients with Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Darwisch Warda , della Volpe-Waizel Maria , Roberts Philipp K. , Boden Karl T. , Szurman Peter , Rickmann Annekatrin
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate real-life data on the functional and anatomical outcome of intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Retrospective study on 44 eyes with chronic DME that received intravitreal FAc implant and were previously treated with intravitreal dexamethasone, triamcinolone, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. We assessed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central maximum thickness (CMT), and foveal thickness (FT) as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT; Heidelberg Engineering). Secondary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP), adverse events, time to additional treatments. Results: The FAc implant significantly reduced the CMT (baseline 541.23 ± 155.29 µm, p < 0.001) and FT (baseline 460.34 ± 139.28 µm, p < 0.001) for up to 36 months. Despite postoperative visual improvement over time, BCVA did not significantly shift from baseline (0.55 ± 0.38 logMAR, p = 0.568). The FAc implant effect diminished after 21.34 ± 12.74 months. IOP increased in 9% of eyes (n = 4) but was well controlled under topical (n = 1) or surgical therapy (n = 3). Conclusion: Even though patients’ visual recovery does not benefit significantly, the FAc implant addresses the important pillars of chronic DME therapy regarding reduced injection frequency and reduced DME.
Impact of Fat Mass on Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Osteosarcopenia in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kim In Soo , Lee Hyung Seok , Jang Jinha , An Jung Nam , Kim Sung Gyun , Kim Jwa-Kyung
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The relationship between fat mass and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia is complex. While higher fat mass generally has a negative impact on bone and muscle health in the general population, the impact in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is less well understood. Methods: In this study of 359 PD patients, sarcopenia was identified using appendicular skeletal muscle per square meter (ASM/m2), with cut-off values of <7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.5 kg/m2 for women. Fat tissue index (FTI) and lean tissue index (LTI) were determined using body composition monitoring, with the lowest tertile classified as low FTI and low LTI. Bone mineral density was measured, with a T-score below −2.5 indicating osteoporosis. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia was 25%, 32%, and 15%, respectively. Notably, 60% of osteoporotic patients had sarcopenia, and about 45% of sarcopenic patients had osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis were older and had significantly lower LTI (15.3 vs. 12.7 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and ASM (7.3 vs. 5.8 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Osteoporotic patients also had lower FTI, but this was more pronounced in men than in women. Patients with both sarcopenia and osteoporosis had the lowest LTI and FTI compared to those with only one or neither condition. Low FTI was a significant determinant for osteoporosis (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.43–3.85; p = 0.001), sarcopenia (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.82–4.64; p < 0.001), and osteosarcopenia (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.30–4.24; p = 0.005) in univariate analysis, and these associations remained significant after adjustment for age and body mass index. Conclusion: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common and interrelated in PD patients. Low fat mass, but not normal/high fat mass, was significantly associated with these conditions, suggesting the importance of maintaining adequate fat mass in PD patients.
The Role of Ficolins in Lung Injury
Authors: Zhao Meiyun , Tan Xiaowu , Wu Xu
Published: August 2024

Background: Respiratory diseases seriously threaten human health worldwide, and lung injury is an important component of respiratory disease. Complement activation is an important function of the innate immune system. Complement activation helps the body defend against invasion by external microorganisms, whereas excessive complement activation can exacerbate tissue damage or lead to unwanted side effects. Ficolins are a class of immune-related proteins in the lectin pathway that play important roles in the body’s immune defense. Although individual ficolins are not well understood, current information suggests that ficolins may play an important regulatory role in lung injury. Summary: Several studies have shown that ficolins are involved in the immune response in the lung, particularly in the response to infectious and inflammatory processes. Key Messages: This review summarizes the role of ficolins in lung injury. Ficolins may influence the development and repair of lung injury by recognizing and binding pathogenic microorganisms, modulating the inflammatory response, and promoting the clearance of immune cells. In addition, ficolins are associated with the development and progression of lung diseases (such as pneumonia and ARDS) and may have an important impact on the pathophysiological processes of inflammatory diseases.
The Hippo Coactivator TAZ Exacerbates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Injury
Authors: Xue Xian , Zhu Xingwen , Zhou Lu , Sun Xiaoli , Gu Mengru , Liang Yan , Tan Mengzhu , Hou Qing , Wang Sudan , Dai Chunsun
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a Hippo signaling pathway effector, maintains the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the role of TAZ in tubular cell survival and acute kidney injury (AKI) remains largely unknown. Methods: We used the RNA-seq database, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to examine TAZ expression in kidneys from cisplatin-induced AKI. We generated tubular-specific TAZ knockout mice to assess the role of TAZ in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry followed standard procedures. Results: TAZ was activated in tubular cells in kidneys injected with cisplatin. Conditional deletion of TAZ in tubular cells confers ferroptosis resistance and protects kidneys from cisplatin-induced AKI, whereas overexpression of TAZ(S89A) exacerbates cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Inhibition of ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 potently preserves renal function and alleviates morphological injury and tubular cell ferroptosis induced by cisplatin. Mechanistically, in a PPARδ-dependent manner, but not TEAD, TAZ reduces the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), thus exacerbating cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Conclusions: Our findings show that cisplatin-induced AKI and tubular cell ferroptosis are mediated by TAZ-PPARδ interaction through regulation of GPX4, highlighting TAZ as a potential therapeutic candidate for AKI.
Manual para elaboração do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Ercole Tamires Maiara , Matioli Thaís Fagundes ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Published: August 2024

O Manual de Elaboração do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) desenvolvido pelo Programa SolloAgro define três formatos principais permitidos para os TCCs nos cursos de especialização: Monografia, Estudo de Caso e Pesquisa Científica. A Monografia foca na revisão de literatura existente, o Estudo de Caso envolve experimentos práticos e pesquisa de campo, e a Pesquisa Científica adota um método experimental mais exigente. A estrutura do TCC abrange elementos pré-textuais (como capa e sumário), textuais (introdução, desenvolvimento ou revisão bibliográfica, e metodologia) e pós-textuais (referências, anexos e apêndices), assegurando a conformidade com as diretrizes da USP.
Measuring Frailty Using Self‐Report or Automated Tools to Identify Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: The Million Veteran Program
Authors: Qazi Saadia , Seligman Benjamin , Preis Sarah R. , Rane Manas , Djousse Luc , Gagnon David R. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Gaziano J. Michael , Driver Jane A. , Cho Kelly , Orkaby Ariela R. ,   the Million Veteran Program (MVP)
Published: August 2024

Background

Frailty, a syndrome of physiologic vulnerability, increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Whether in person or automated frailty tools are ideal for identifying CVD risk remains unclear. We calculated 3 distinct frailty scores and examined their associations with mortality and CVD events in the Million Veteran Program, a prospective cohort of nearly 1 million US veterans.

Methods and Results

Veterans aged ≥50 years and enrolled from 2011 to 2018 were included. Two frailty indices (FI) based on the deficit accumulation theory were calculated: the questionnaire‐based 36‐item Million Veteran Program‐FI and 31‐item Veterans Affairs‐FI using claims data. We calculated Fried physical frailty using the self‐reported, 3‐item Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox models examined the association of frailty by each score with primary (all‐cause and CVD mortality) and secondary (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) outcomes. In 190 688 veterans (69±9 years, 94% male, 85% White), 33, 233 (17%) all‐cause and 10 115 (5%) CVD deaths occurred. Using Million Veteran Program‐FI, 29% were robust, 42% pre‐frail, and 29% frail. Frailty prevalence increased by age group (27% in 50‐59 to 42% in ≥90 years). Using the Million Veteran Program‐FI, over 6±2 years, frail veterans had a higher hazard of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 3.05 [95% CI, 2.95–3.16]) and CVD mortality (HR, 3.65 [95% CI, 3.43–3.90]). Findings were concordant for the Veterans Affairs‐FI and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty definitions, and remained significant even among younger veterans aged 50‐59 years.

Conclusions

Irrespective of frailty measure, frailty is associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and adverse CVD events. Further study of frailty in veterans aged <60 years old is warranted.
Relative Cerebral Blood Flow as an Indirect Imaging Surrogate in Patients With Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion and Association of Baseline Characteristics With Poor Collateral Status
Authors: Salim Hamza Adel , Hamam Omar , Parilday Goksu , Moustafa Rawan A. , Ghandour Samir , Rutgers Moustafa , Sharara Muhanned , Cho Andrew , Mazumdar Ishan , Radmard Mahla , Shin Christopher , Montes Daniel , Malhotra Ajay , Romero Javier M. , Yedavalli Vivek
Published: August 2024

Background

In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), collateral status (CS) is an important predictor of favorable outcomes in patients with AIS. Among quantitative cerebral perfusion parameters, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is considered an accurate perfusion‐based indicator of CS. This study investigated the relationship between admission laboratory values, baseline characteristics, and CS as assessed by rCBF in patients with AIS‐large vessel occlusion.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective multicenter study, consecutive patients presenting with AIS secondary to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent pretreatment computed tomography perfusion were included. The computed tomography perfusion data processed by RAPID (IschemaView, Menlo Park, CA) generated the rCBF. Binary logistic regression models assessed the relationship between patients' baseline characteristics, admission laboratory values, and poor CS. The primary outcome measure was the presence of poor CS, which was defined as rCBF <38% at a lesion size ≥27 mL. Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 221 consecutive patients with AIS‐large vessel occlusion included in our study (mean age 67.0±15.8 years, 119 men [53.8%]). Logistic regression showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.98 [1.59–5.59];
P
=0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR, 5.18 [2.44–11.0];
P
<0.001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12 (OR, 5.17 [2.36–11.36];
P
<0.001), and systolic blood pressure <140 (OR, 2.00 [1.07–3.76];
P
=0.030) were associated with poor CS.

Conclusions

Higher stroke severity on admission with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12, systolic blood pressure <140, chronic kidney disease, and male sex are statistically significantly associated with poor CS in patients with AIS due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion as defined by rCBF <38%.
Periconceptional Dietary Quality and Metabolic Syndrome at 3 Years Postpartum
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M. , Jin Qianhui , Naimi Ashley I. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Catov Janet M. , Parisi Sara M. , Kirkpatrick Sharon I.
Published: August 2024

Background

The period around pregnancy is a critical window in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the role of dietary patterns in cardiometabolic health. Our objective was to determine the association between alignment of periconceptional diet with the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Methods and Results

We used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers‐to‐Be Heart Health Study, a pregnancy cohort study that followed pregnant participants to a median of 3 years postpartum (n=4423). Usual dietary intake in the 3 months around conception was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Alignment with the Dietary Guidelines was measured using the Healthy Eating Index‐2020, where higher scores represent greater alignment. Postpartum metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome at 3 years postpartum was 20%. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was flat up to a periconceptional Healthy Eating Index‐2020 total score of ≈60, and then declined steeply as scores increased. Compared with a Healthy Eating Index‐2020 score of 60, having scores of 70, 80, and 90 were associated with 2, 4, and 7 fewer cases of metabolic syndrome per 100 individuals, respectively (prevalence differences: −0.02 [95% CI, −0.03, 0]; −0.04 [−0.08, −0.1]; −0.07 [−0.13, −0.02]).

Conclusions

Dietary interventions around conception and systems‐level changes to support high diet quality may be important for improving postpartum cardiometabolic health, and helping to reverse or slow the decline in women's cardiometabolic health.
Children’s representations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and associated pandemic experiences post-infection in China
Authors: Yang Daihu , Zhu Guilan , Guo Taofen , Zhou Minghui , Zhang Yan , Geng Ming , Cheng Xiaozhong
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This study examined children’s representations of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as their pandemic experiences against the backdrop of the world having transitioned to normalcy.

Design:

Mixed-methods approach encompassing both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Setting:

Two middle schools in Hefei city in mid-eastern China.

Method:

Data were collected using a qualitative task which elicited children’s drawings, commentaries, answers to questions related to their pandemic experiences, followed by small-group interviews. Content analysis and emergent coding techniques were employed to analyse the data, the extracted themes of which were then quantified to reveal their incidence and distribution.

Results:

Analysis of the multimodal data set revealed children not only depicted viral morphology but also evoked emotions. The pandemic had brought about changes in children’s lives, marked by a shift towards more academic activities, rest and relaxation and screen time. These changes also raised psychological, physical and social development concerns warranting mitigation. Multifaceted sources were identified as contributing to children’s unhappiness, including restricted social interactions, educational challenges, emotional and psychological issues. Notably, children reported enhanced pre- to post-pandemic hygiene and sanitisation practices. Unsubstantiated beliefs relating to processes of recovery suggest the need for clearer communication in this regard.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the necessity for health education to support children in physical and psychological coping during a pandemic and build their resilience against future epidemics. Actively listening to children’s account of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and their pandemic experiences paves the way for making health education initiatives more relatable and attuned to their needs.
Comparison of two bedding types on the breeding fecundity of C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Pinckard Jessica L. , Gibson Lauren A. , Williams Wendy R.
Published: August 2024

One of the favored options for generating complex transgenic laboratory mice is through in-house breeding and management strategies. One consideration in the management of these colonies is how the animals’ environment may affect reproductive success. Several aspects of the microenvironment can be controlled or manipulated, including cage type, bedding, enrichment, diet, and temperature and humidity. This study sought to evaluate reproductive outcomes for C57BL/6J mice that were randomly assigned to one of two different bedding types: paper based or corncob bedding. Our hypothesis was there would be no significant difference in reproductive outcomes between the two bedding types. A total of 10 males and 10 females were paired at 45 days of age. Animals were allowed to breed for 15 consecutive weeks. Cages were checked daily for the presence of pups and a pup count was performed at 7 days of age. Weaning occurred at 20 or 21 days of age, at which time a final pup count, pup weight, and sex were recorded. All litters born and pups weaned in the 15-week timeframe were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis compared cannibalization between the two groups and the results showed no statistical difference between groups ( p > 0.05). Other parameters analyzed included average litter size, average weaning weight, and number of litters per group. All pups counted at Day 7 survived to weaning age in both groups. We concluded that both bedding types produced similar success regarding breeding fecundity in C57BL/6J mice.
If I Share With You, Will You Share With Me? A Quasi-Experimental Study on Social Anxiety and Self-Disclosure in Dictator Game
Authors: Niță Gabriela L. , Rotărescu Violeta Ș.
Published: August 2024

Social anxiety is characterized by a constant fear of negative evaluation, falling short of standards, low perceived likeability, and difficulties meeting social criteria. Using a quasi-experiment and a zero-acquaintance paradigm, this paper examines sharing behavior, which is represented by the willingness to give money in a Dictator Game. It explores gender and social anxiety differences related to this behavior, in terms of who is prone to receive more money. In addition to this, we investigated how the receiver’s self-disclosure (positive or negative) influences the dictators’ sharing behavior. Based on the original version of Dictator Game, involving a dictator and a receiver, one hundred and five adolescents aged 12–15, played Dictator Game in which they divided coins between themselves and the receiver. Our findings indicate that self-disclosure led to positive and gradual changes for non-anxious speakers. The anxious boy consistently achieved the highest money rate among all speakers, while the anxious girl received the lowest. However, her self-disclosure resulted in an increase in receiving. Across all situations, respondents reported slightly increased feelings of guilt and shame. Taken together, this study sheds light on adolescents’ giving behavior by examining the interaction between adolescents’ social traits and diverse social contexts throughout their developmental stages, ultimately influencing prosocial decision-making.
Gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction: A study of Philadelphia
Authors: Lee Yeonhwa , Reina Vincent J
Published: August 2024

Neighbourhood satisfaction is an important facet of life and consideration for policy, as it affects one’s quality of life and well-being, as well as broader residential mobility patterns. While studies have addressed gentrification’s various outcomes, especially residential displacement, few have investigated the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction. Using data from the 2016 Philadelphia Housing and Neighbourhood Survey and mixed-effects logistic regression models, this paper explores the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction, examining how it varies by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. We find that, while gentrification is overall positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction, its effect on neighbourhood satisfaction is heterogeneous by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. Specifically, when examined by type, only moderate gentrification is positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction. Hispanic residents and non-Hispanic Black residents are less likely to be satisfied in gentrifying neighbourhoods than in non-gentrifying neighbourhoods. Lastly, gentrification is not significantly associated with neighbourhood satisfaction among long-term residents.
Measuring Adaptive Functioning in a Correctional Setting: An Analysis of the Problems in Everyday Living Test (PEDL)
Authors: Aparcero Maria , Lee Hyunjung , Wijetunga Charity , Conley Erin M. , Rosenfeld Barry , Cham Heining
Published: August 2024

Identifying incarcerated individuals with poor adaptive functioning (AF) is critical to ensuring their safety and preserving their legal rights, particularly when a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) is considered. This study examined the utility of the Problems in Everyday Living Test (PEDL) to identify incarcerated individuals with deficits in AF who may warrant further assessment for ID. The sample consisted of 154 incarcerated adults housed in mental health units in a large urban jail. Latent class analysis supported a three-class model consistent with Impaired, Borderline, and Intact groups, which differed in the level of AF and other indicators of ID. A cutoff score of 13 in the PEDL was optimal to identify incarcerated individuals with deficits in AF, possible intellectual impairment, and a history of special education. Study findings provided preliminary support for using a 12-item modified version of the PEDL as a screening tool in correctional settings.