bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and prices forecasting analysis of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in North Sumatera in 2028
Authors: Jasmin Y , Kesuma S I , Wibowo R P
Published: April 2020

This study aims to find out the most compatible method specification used to forecast the production and prices of red chili and to analyse the results of the production and prices forecasting of red chili in North Sumatera in 2028. The analytical methods used are the linear trend analysis, quadratic trend analysis, and exponential trend analysis where the three method specifications will be tested with MSE and MAPE to see which one is the most compatible. The results indicated that quadratic trend analysis is the most compatible one and that both the production and the prices forecasting are having a negative trend. The decreasing of production is caused by the decreasing of red chili’s planting area while the decreasing of prices is caused by the decreasing of demand for red chili.
Coffee export insurance premium estimates from Sumatera Utara Province in international market
Authors: Sunny R , Ayu S F , Rahmanta
Published: April 2020

Calculation of insurance premiums can be analysed based on a area’s yield index, weather and price volatility. This study reviewed based on the movement of Sumatera Utara coffee export prices. The purpose is to calculate and review the premium insurance for Sumatera Utara coffee exports in the international market. The research location was determined purposively with snowball sampling technique. The research data consisted of primary data which was collected by questionnaire and secondary data from Association of Indonesian Coffee Exporters Regional of Sumatera Utara and province’s statistical data. The coverage amount 32,458,011.5 IDR, it is obtained from calculation of costs incurred by exporters. The Black-Scholes method is used to determine the value of coffee export insurance premiums based on the export prices. The analysis shows that the higher trigger also increases the insurance premium, because the higher risk, so the higher premium.
Price transmission of Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) between Sumatera Utara and major export destination countries in Asia and Australia
Authors: Darmi A , Rahmanta  , Ayu S F
Published: April 2020

Increasing global coffee consumption is driving the increasing need for world coffee. Indonesia is a coffee producing country in the world where one of Indonesia’s coffee production is produced in Sumatera Utara Province. This research was conducted to analyse the pattern of price transmission between the Sumatera Utara coffee export market and the Japanese, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia markets and to analyse whether there is an effect of coffee prices on other exporters’ markets, importer’s markets, import volumes and Indonesian Rupiah exchange rates against the US Dollar in the formation of coffee export prices on the Sumatera Utara exporter market. Based on statistical analysis using the Asymmetric Error Correction Model and Error Correction Model, it is known that the transmission pattern of coffee prices occurs symmetrically in the long run, whereas in the short term the price transmission occurs asymmetries. The formation of coffee export prices in the Sumatera Utara market in the long run is influenced by import prices in the Japanese and Malaysian markets, and the volume of exports, while in the short term is influenced by import prices in the Australian, Japanese, Malaysian markets, export volumes, and exchange rates Indonesian Rupiah against US Dollar.
Spore dimensional characteristics of Peronosclerospora sp. from corn leaves informer of sugar cane plantation
Authors: Hasanuddin
Published: April 2020

Corn and sugar cane are two types of plants that have the same host of the pathogen Peronosclerospora sp as cause of a seriously downy mildew disease. So that replacing sugar cane cultivation with corn plant is somewhat unfavourable. In Indonesia, downy mildew causes a yield loss of 50-100% on susceptible varieties. In this study, have been done a collection of spores from corn leaves infected with Peronosclerospora sp. from community corn cultivation who planted on PTPN2‘s former of-sugar cane field, namely Sei Mencirim Sunggal village and from corn plant who growth on community land non former of-sugar cane from Lau Bekri village, Pancur Batu village, and Tanjung Anom Deli Serdang village. The objective of this study was to find out the characteristics of the spores’ dimension of Peronosclerospora sp. which has infected corn leaves from different source area as mention above. The results computation of ratio length and width of the spore’s origin of Pancur Batu is 1.35 ± 0.19, Lau Bekri 1.24 ± 0.1, and Tanjung Anom 1.27 ± 0.14, these ratios shown that the dimensions of spores are subspherical, while the ratio spores origin from Sei Mencirim is 1.02 ± 0.05 or shown spherical dimension shape.
The supply elasticity for North Sumatera shallot in short and long-run
Authors: Pane T C , Supriana T
Published: April 2020

Shallot is one of the horticultural commodities, which its instability can cause inflation. Government policies often pay more attention to reducing prices to prevent inflation, so that the consumers’ welfare finally increases, while producers’ welfare is still less accommodated by the policies. North Sumatera is one of the major shallot producing provinces in Indonesia, and it includes in the recommended areas for expanding shallot cultivation areas. This study analysed the factors affecting the supply of North Sumatera shallot and estimated its elasticity to the price in order to help formulating agricultural policies relating to the stabilization of the North Sumatera shallot supply. To estimate it, the Nerlove partial adjustment model, the autoregressive model, was analysed by multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique. The results showed that the North Sumatera shallot supply was positively affected by the shallot harvest area, the shallot cultivation area, the garlic producer price, and the TSP fertilizer price. In addition, it was also negatively affected by the shallot producer price and the North Sumatera shallot supply in the previous period. In both the short and long-run, North Sumatera shallot supply is inelastic to the price.
Competitiveness Indonesia tea in international market
Authors: Khaliqi M , Gurning H R H , Novanda R R , Simamora O N
Published: April 2020

The condition of the international market which has become a free market raises various challenges in increasing the value of exports for tea producers, especially Indonesian tea producers. In the international market competition, Indonesian tea producers not only face an increasing number of production and export volumes in the international market, but also must be able to consider aspects of consumer orientation. Thus, this will increase the superiority of Indonesian tea in the international market, both competitive advantage and comparative advantage. By using data on the export value of tea commodities 2001-2017 from 6 major tea exporting countries, this paper aims to identify the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian tea in the international market. It was analysed by using RCA and ECI. The Indonesian tea trade still has a chance to be increased because of the competitiveness of Indonesian tea especially green tea with the code HS 090210 and HS 090220 has a comparative and competitive advantage.
Analysis of snake fruit farmer satisfaction levels on agribusiness agency services (case: snake fruit agribusiness in Kutambaru Village, Tiganderket Subdistrict, Karo Regency)
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Kesuma S I
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of all institutions related to or play a role in the snake fruit agribusiness from Kutambaru Village and analyse the level of satisfaction of snake fruit farmers to the performance of these agribusiness institutions. The sample size in the impact assessment was determined using the Slovin method in order to obtain a sample of 60 farmers. Sampling is done by the Simple Random Sampling method. To study the performance of institutional agribusiness, the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method is used, while to see the farmers’ satisfaction with the institutional performance, the Consumer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method is used. The results of the study showed that 1) the performance of snake fruit agribusiness services in three agribusiness functions, namely the institutional procurement of production facilities, financial institutions, and marketing institutions, are in accordance with their importance; 2) the level of farmer satisfaction with the service of the snake fruit agribusiness institutional function in Kutambaru Village is in the quite satisfied category.
Determination of boundary conditions for mathematical model of agricultural machine during transport ride
Authors: Kešner A , Hromasová M , Chotěborský R , Linda M , Kuře J , Sutanto H
Published: April 2020

Agricultural tillage machines require large working widths. The maximum permissible width of the machine on public roads is 3 meters. For this reason, the machines for work have to be spread mostly by side frames. There is a force on the machine in the transport position than during the machine operation and therefore it is necessary to determine its boundary conditions, which are different from the machine in the working position. When designing the machine, it is therefore necessary to pay attention not only to the marginal conditions during the machine operation but also to the marginal conditions for the transport of the machine. During the transport of the machine, its frames and connecting frame pins are stressed by forces that cause tension in the structure. These forces arise from road surface unevenness, but since the machine often travels on farms, field crossings and various other obstacles are often the cause of machine design failures. In this work, the stress on the machine structure in the transport position was measured. Two strain gauges were used to measure the stress. The results obtained can be used for the design of agricultural machinery modifications.
The effect of rice husk mass on temperature and characteristics of its ash using a pyrolysis equipment organic-inorganic waste
Authors: Sigalingging R , Susanto E , Panggabean S
Published: April 2020

Carbon-containing residues are produced from rice husks when used in gasifiers and boilers. To understand the problem of incomplete carbon conversion, a study of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification of rice husks is needed. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out using rice-plastic husk pyrolysis equipment in the air atmosphere with a single airflow of 25 m s−1 under different temperature conditions and mass of rice husk (8, 9 and 10 kg). The results showed that at temperatures higher than 700°C there was an incomplete conversion, whereas at low temperatures a complete conversion occurred. The mass of the white and grey colour of rice husk ash increased with increase the rice husk mass while the black colour decreased. According to statistical analysis shows that the yield of ash with white colour has significant effect (P<0.05) while the grey and black colour was no significant effect. On the other hand, the amount of rice husk on the ash recovery of rice husk was no significant effect. Kinetics of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification are also very sensitive to the rate of heating.
Simulation of biodiesel production using perforated helical type static mixer
Authors: Panggabean S , Sigalingging R , Raju
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this simulation was to estimate fluid characteristics due to the presence of holes in the perforated helical type static mixer using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) during the process of biodiesel production with static mixing reactor. The conventional helix compared to the perforated helix with three scenarios of holes, namely with one hole each side of the helix as 1st scenario, two holes each side of the helix as 2nd scenario and three holes each side of the helix as 3rd scenario. Simulated CFD of biodiesel production showed the mixing process with the help of perforated helical type static mixers provided a better mixing impact compared to conventional helix. The concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using perforated helical type (as much as 86.26%) was higher than conventional helical type (as much as 82.79%). In other word the number of FAME concentration was increased by 4.06% due to the presence of perforated helix. While, the viscosity was decreased by 15.33%.
Principle Component Analysis (PCA) - Classification of Arabica green bean coffee of North Sumatera Using FT–NIRS
Authors: Siregar S D , Rindang A , Ayu P C
Published: April 2020

Coffee is one of the important export commodities in Indonesia. Indonesia is among the top four coffee producers in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Columbia. A total of 301 samples of North Sumatera Arabica green coffee bean were obtained from different districts namely Dairi, Humbang Hasudutan and Mandailing Natal. In this research, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used as to classify the three North Sumatra Arabica coffee bean, and also used several pretreatment smoothing data: derivative 1 (D1), derivative 2 (D2), Standard Normal Variate (SNV) and Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) as spectra data correction methods. Result showed that the classification of the three North Sumatra Arabica coffee beans with PCA without pretreatment data was gaining 100% prediction accuracy.
Prediction of water content in Lintong green bean coffee using FT-NIRS and PLS method
Authors: Sahfitri  , Rindang A , Ayu P C
Published: April 2020

Water content is one of the coffee compositions that affects the coffee flavour, texture and appearance. Measurement of chemical composition is usually conducted using the chemical method which is known to be expensive and time consuming. Nowadays, Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) method is developed in measuring the chemical content of coffee in a short time. The purpose of this study was to predict the water content of Lintong green bean using FT-NIRS and PLS method. The spectra measurement was conducted in the wavelength of Near Infrared of 1000-2500 nm, then followed by the water content measurement using chemical methods. Several data pretreatment was used, namely first derivative, second derivative, multiple scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative + MSC and second derivative + MSC. Result showed that the best calibration model was obtained using MSC with 7 factors of PLS, indicated by r = 0.860; SEC = 0.12; SEP = 0.14; CV = 1.14; and RPD = 2.09.
Utilization of biofloc pond water as a substitute for nutrition in the pak choi hydroponic system
Authors: Raju  , Panggabean S , Fatoni R B M I , Irfan A
Published: April 2020

Increased fish consumption needs can be overcome by high stocking density in fish farming. Stocking density and high feeding rise the problem of increasing organic waste which can reduce water quality. Biofloc technology is one alternative that can overcome this problem by adding the amount of organic carbon in the pond, thereby increasing the C / N ratio of water that will grow heterotrophic bacteria. The basic principle of biofloc technology is the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by heterotrophic microbial communities in cultivation media which can then be utilized by aquatic organisms as a food source. The government through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries promotes freshwater fish farming with biofloc technology. The objective of this research was to assessing the effect of biofloc pond water on pak choi growth. The research was conducted for two months, planting the pak choi in pipe line using rockwool as its growth media. The cultivation used two treatments, biofloc pond water and ab mix as its nutrition. The result showed that pak choi growth with biofloc pond water was lower than ab mix nutrition.
Analysis of factor that influences decision making for the implementation of the integration system of oil palm and cattle in Serdang Bedagai Regency plantations
Authors: Sihombing W P , Hanafi N D , Rahmanta
Published: April 2020

Integration of oil palm and cattle is the union of oil palm plantation and beef cattle cultivation businesses to overcome the problem of waste (zero waste), but this system is not implemented on plantations due to various factors. This study aims to assess the plantation decision-making process and to analyse the factors that influence the decision making of oil palm plantations for the implementation of the integration system of oil palm and cattle in Serdang Bedagai Regency plantation. The research used a descriptive method, and the data were analysed using binary logistic regression analysis. The result of this research showed that oil palm plantations in Serdang Bedagai Regency carrying out integration were 41 plantations, while those who did not carry out integration were 25 plantations. Wald test results showed, technical factors and risk factors those are cattle damage plants, Ganoderma, and horn beetles (Oryces rhinoceros) (P<0.05) had a significantly affected the decisions of the plantation. It is concluded that Factors of age, experience, authority, technical, economic, and institutional factors had a positive influence on the decisions of the plantation. Meanwhile, the risk factors had a negative influence on the decisions of the plantation.
The effect of adding flour purslane (Portuluca oleracea L.) in the ration on meat chemical composition of broiler chickens
Authors: Dillak S Y F G , Sinlae M , Theedens J F , Temu S T , Suryatni N P F , Enawati L S , Nenobais M , Pangestuti H T , Handayani H T , Nastiti H P , Danga D N , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research was to determine the Effect of purslane flour in the ration on the meat chemical composition of broiler chicken. 100-day old chicks broiler used in the experiment, and the study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and 5 replicates. The four treatments were: (1) T0: commercial ration; (2) T1: commercial ration + 2.5% purslane flour; (3) T2: commercial ration + 5% purslane flour; and (4) T3: commercial ration + 7.5% purslane flour. Parameter measured were water, protein, and fat content of broiler meat. Data obtained by cutting 60 chickens from which 15 chicken from each treatment. Statistical analysis showed that the addition of purslane flour in ration did not have significant Effect (P > 0.05) on water content, but had very significant Effect (P < 0.01) on protein and fat content of broiler chicken meat. It can be concluded that purslane flour added to basal ration up to 7.5% of broiler chickens could improve the quality of broiler’s meat.
Analysis of concentrated nutrition with banana starch tuber meal fermented with Zn bio complex as a feed additive fed to beef cattle
Authors: Sobang Y U L , Yunus M , Tenang  , Maranatha G , Samba F D , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

An experiment was conducted 30 days to evaluate nutrient digestibility of feed fermented banana starch tuber meal with Zn bio complex as a feed additive to beef cattle. The method used a completely randomized design with four treatments and 5 replicate. The treatments were T0= feed fermented concentrate without banana starch tuber meal fermented with Zn biocomplex+60 mg/kg DM; T1= banana starch tuber meal 10% fermented with Zn biocomplex+60mg/kg DM; T2= banana starch tuber meal 20% fermented with Zn biocomplex+60 mg/kg DM; and T3= banana starch tuber meal 30% fermented with Zn bio complex+60mg/kg DM. The digestive assessment carried outin vitro. The results showed that the digestibility of DM, OM, and TDN. T0= 60.12%, 48.24%, 56.15%, T1= 61.22%, 49.44%, 57.26%; T2= 61.84%, 50.14%, 59.34%; T3= 61.68%, 49.26%, 59.56%. Analysis results of variance showed the treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the digestibility of DM, OM, and TDN concentrate feed containing banana hump flour fermented with ZN bio complex as a feed additive. It was concluded the use of 10-30% fermented banana starchy tuber with organic Zn additives gave the same response as the concentrate without banana starch tuber meal to the DDM, DOM, and TDN.
Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter and the in vitro rumen parameters of complete feed from fermented corn cobs and moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves meal
Authors: Maranatha G , Fattah S , Sobang Y U L , Yunus M , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to explore the effect addition of fermented corn cobs (FCC) and Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) meal at different levels of complete feed on dry matter, organic matter digestibility, in vitro of NH3 and VFA concentration. The experimental design used was completely randomized design consisted of three treatments and three replicates. The treatments were: T0 = complete feed without addition of both FCC and MOL meal; T1 = complete feed+10% FCC+10% MOL meal; T2 = complete feed+20% FCC + 10% MOL meal. The results showed that increasing content of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), carbohydrate (CHO), Nitrogen Free Ether Extract (NFEE), and energy on FCC with addition of 10% FCC and 10% MOL meal into complete feed. In contrast, there was a decreasing of nutrients component at the addition of 20% FCC complete feed and 10% MOL meal. The treatment was significantly (P<0.05) affected by dry matter, organic matter digestibility, in vitro of NH3, and VFA concentration. In conclusion, addition FCC and MOL meal at different levels into complete had increased the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, as well as the in vitro of NH3 and VFA concentration.
Effect of Sweet Leaves (Sauropus androgynus L Merr) meal inclusion into basal feed on performance and IOFC of growing pigs
Authors: Ly J , Agus P I P , Keban A , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The study aimed at evaluating effect Sweet (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) leaves meal (SLM) inclusion into feed on performance and Income over Feed Cost (IOFC) of growing pigs. There were 12 landrace crossbred barrows 4-5 months of age with 26.5-55.5kg (CV = 19.69%) initial bodyweight used in a feeding trial. Randomized block design 4 treatments with 3 replicate procedures were applied. The 4 treatment feeds offered in the feeding trial were: (1) T0: 100% basal feed; (2) T1: 97% basal feed + 3% SLM; (3) T2: 94% basal feed + 6% SLM; and (4) T3: 91% basal feed 9% SLM. Variables evaluated were performances (feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion) and IOFC. Statistical analysis shows that the effect of including SLM into basal feed is not significant (P>0.05) on either performance or IOFC of the pigs. The conclusion is that including Sweet leaves meal inclusion into basal feed performs similar values with basal feed, and up to 9% tends to be higher in performances and IOFC in grower pigs.
The use of cassava peel (Manihot utilissima) fermentation in the ration on the fat of local sheep
Authors: Ginting N , Sembiring I
Published: April 2020

This study aims to investigate the influence of fermented cassava peel flour (Manihot utilisima) in the rations on fat percentage of local sheep. The design was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. This study used 20 local sheep with an average of 10.18 ± 1 kg. The four treatments were T0 (Cassava peel flour non fermentation), T1 (Cassava peel flour fermentation 20%), T2 (Cassava peel flour fermentation 40%), and T3 (Cassava peel fermentation 60%). The results showed that the highest percentage of subcutaneous fat was on T3 while there were no differences by all treatments on percentage of abdomen, heart kidney and pelvic fat. The use of fermented cassava flour (Manihot utilisima) with starbio to 60% level in ration increased the percentage of fat subcutaneous while abdominal fat, heart, kidney and pelvic percentage were remained. Subcutaneous fat enhance sheep external shape and improve meat quality.
Control of Escherichia coli with extract white onion (Allium sativum linn) and ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) on chickens carcass
Authors: Wahyuni T H , Sianipar R B , Mirwandhono R E , Ketaren N B , Ginting N , Prayitno L
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the infection of Escherichia coli that given garlic and ginger extract on chicken’s carcass. This research used 6 treatments and 3 replicates with experimental design: completely randomized design (CRD). Each replicate consisted of five DOC with the six treatments were (1) T0A (not infected chicken), (2) T0B (chickens infected with Escherichia coli); (3) T1 (chickens infected with Escherichia coli + tetracycline antibiotic 0,05%); (4) T2 (chickens infected with Escherichia coli + garlic extract 1%); (5) T3 (chickens infected with Escherichia coli + ginger extract 1%); (6) T4 (chickens infected with Escherichia coli + garlic and ginger extract 1%). 90 Cobb broilers were used in this research. The results showed that the average of final weight1(g/head) 281.94; 1,324.10; 1,465.04; 1,418.66; 1,383.21; and 1,431.46 respectively; carcass weight(g/head) 893.98; 972.43; 1,043.29; 1,072.09; 1,073.66; 1,030.80 respectively; carcass percentage (%) 70; 73; 71; 76; 78; and 72 respectively; and abdominal fat (%) 7.12; 8.95; 14.45; 10.74; 15.74; 12.22 respectively. The conclusion of this research is that the treatment that consisted of garlic and ginger extract given to Escherichia Coli infected broilers had no effect on broiler’s carcass.
Marketing margin of qurban beef
Authors: Daulay A H , Sadeli A , Hasan F , Khaliqi M
Published: April 2020

Increased selling prices for qurban cattle can be indicated because the marketing channels for qurban cattle are relatively long due to increased marketing margins obtained by each marketing institution. Marketing channels can be said to be efficient if every marketing institution marketing function optimally. The purpose of this study was to identify efficiency of qurban cattle marketing channels in Deli Serdang Regency. The technique of drawing respondents is done by snowball sampling. Respondents used in this study consisted of 3 farmers, 9 traders and 5 wholesalers. The study was conducted in Deli Serdang Regency. Data were analysed by using the margin share, farmer share and R/C to see the efficiency of marketing channels. The results showed 4 channels of qurban cattle marketing in Deli Serdang Regency. The whole marketing channel is considered efficient because it has a farmer share value above 50 percent so that an increase in selling value can still be felt by qurban cattle farmers.
Feeding evaluation on the production and quality of dairy buffalo milk (Murrah) at the traditional farms in Asam Kumbang
Authors: Hasanah U , Sinamo K N , Hasnudi  , Patriani P , Mirwandhono E
Published: April 2020

The production and quality of milk of Murrah Buffalo can be affected by many factors. One of them is feed. The feed with high quality can increase the productivity of an animal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of feed on the production and quality of Murrah buffalo milk at the traditional farms in Asam Kumbang. This research is using four buffalo from Murrah species. The variables observed in this research were milk production, milk quality (carbohydrate, protein, contamination of Staphylococcus aureus, total plate count bacteria), nutrient contents of feed (dry matter contents, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, and total digestibility nutrient), temperature and relative humidity. The result shows that the feed quality is good. The high ratio of concentrate in the ration is for fulfilled the requirement of buffalo. The values of milk production are 7.16±0.38 L head−1 day−1; the percentage of protein in buffalo milk is 2.93±0.13%. The high milk production caused by the quality of feed, the ratio of forage and concentrate, and month lactation. Staphylococcus aureus bacterial contamination of milk is positive. It is caused by hygiene during milking is very low.
Application of landsat 8 sattelite imagery for estimated distribution of above ground carbon in Percut Sei Tuan forest landscape
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Tarigan AA , Patana P
Published: April 2020

The use of remote sensing technology has been widely used to estimate carbon stocks above ground level, including in mangrove forest landscapes. This study aims to obtain information on the spatial distribution of above-ground carbon using Landsat 8 satellite imagery in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest landscape. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression method is used to build a model of estimating the spatial distribution of above-ground carbon based on vegetation index values of normalize different vegetation index (NDVI) and green normalize different vegetation index (GNDVI). The results showed the average carbon content above ground level in the Percut Sei Tuan forest landscape was 23.55 tons ha−1. The power regression model is the best estimator model for the distribution of carbon content above ground level with the equation y = 205.9 x4.2713 and R2 of 72.4%.
Spatio-temporal distribution of forest and land fires in Labuhanbatu Utara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha A S , Sofyan M , Ahmad A G
Published: April 2020

Labuhanbatu Utara District, is one of the most prone area of forest and land fire in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Spatial and temporal distribution of forest and land fire are needed to determine for managing fire effectively. The objectives of this study are to determine the period of forest and aland fires and to determine the relationship between land cover and hotspot. Utara District. The method used is spatial analysis of the relationship between hotspot and monthly rainfall and distribution hotspot based on land cover type. The results found that the highest hotspot number occurred in 2005 while the lowest occurred in 2017. Forest and land fires occurred two periods in every year in Labuhanbatu Utara District namely on February-March and June-August. Land cover type has the highest percentage of the hotspot located at plantation area. Shrubs is land cover that have stable detected hotspot percentage every year. Based on the research, the factors causing land and forest fires are human activities such as land clearing activity for converting forest to rubber plantation and oil palm plantation.
Diversity of medicinal plants in Batu Katak Village, Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Ras S , Ardi R , Siddik R , Sentosa E
Published: April 2020

In this study there were 33 types of medicinal plants utilized by people of Batu Katak Village that were directly bordered to the Gunung Leuser National Park. These medicinal plants can be found on community cultivation lands and forests of Gunung Leuser National Park. This research method was carried out with an inventory of types of medicinal plants and interviews with the community to find out the benefits and part plant medicinal plants used by Batu Katak Village community. Batu Katak community makes use of plants root, rhizome, stem, bark and leaves all parts of the plants as medicine. The most widely used part is the leaves (75%), as much as 25 % used part are rhizome, root, stem and bark. The majority of the people of Batu Katak Village are ethnic Karo. Karo ethnicity itself has local knowledge in using medicinal plants that have been passed down for generations.
Study of river water quality in various land cover of Percut Watershed at Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Machairiyah  , Nasution Z , Slamet B
Published: April 2020

Land use is closely related to changes in the quality and quantity of river water. River damage due to changes in land cover is influenced by human activities in land use so that there is an increase in open and built areas. Percut River is one of the rivers flowing in the city of Medan, Karo district and Deli Serdang district, which receives the effects of industrial, residential and agricultural waste pollution. This study aims to analyse the water quality of Percut River both physically and chemically representing the upstream to downstream of the Percut River with various surrounding land cover. There are 5 sampling points on the Percut River. Analysis of river water quality was using the water quality index and pollution index. The water quality status of Percut River is slightly polluted. The results of the Percut River water quality analysis showed several parameters exceeding the quality standard based on government regulation PP No.82 of 2001 Class II namely the parameters COD, ammonia, phosphate. The value of each Percut River water quality parameter is different for each type of land cover or land use. Downstream areas are the areas that receive the greatest impact from pollution.
Change vegetation density analysis of Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) habitat in Bukit Lawang and Sub-district of Bahorok
Authors: Zaitunah A , Ras S , Samsuri
Published: April 2020

Gunung Leuser National Park forest in Bukit Lawang section is the main habitat of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Sub-district of Bahorok. The condition of wildlife habitat in the region has been fragmented by various human activities which is the major threat to the wildlife survival including Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii). This study was conducted by overlaid some spatial data of the year 2008 and 2018 to obtain data of vegetation density changes and the range of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Section of Bukit Lawang and District of Bahorok. Vegetation analysis was carried out in forest, rubber plantation and mix plantation in District of Bahorok as supporting data. The purposes of this study are to Get vegetation density value and analysing the changes of vegetation density of Sumatran Orangutan (P. abelii) habitat in Bukit Lawang and Sub-district of Bahorok year of 2018. The research shows that the largest vegetation density changes was decreased of high dense class which is 47,040.02 hectare or 49.9%. The largest increased was occurred in the highest dense of 43, 304.1 hectare or 46.05%.
Effect of industrial and residential sewage sludge and burnt garbage on cadmium content in soil and kangkong plants (Ipomoea reptans L Poir)
Authors: Victor L , Sarifuddin  , Jamilah
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to determine the effect of sewage sludge from industry and residential and burnt garbage that applied to Inceptisol as media for kangkong (Ipomoea reptans L Poir). This study was using a randomized block design consisted of 2 factors. Factor 1 was the type of sewage sludge with 3 treatments, namely L1 = sludge in urban settlements, L2 = sludge from Mabar Industrial Area (KIM), and L3 = Burnt garbage from Medan, Sumatera Utara. Factor 2 was the dosage of sewage sludge with 3 treatments, namely D1 = 50%, D2 = 75% and D3 = 100% applied with 3 replications. The result showed that the application of sewage sludge taken from the industry, municipal, and burnt garbage increased the level of cadmium (Cd) in soil and kangkong plant. Moreover, the Cd content in soil with all types of sludge with a dosage level of 75% and 100% exceeded the critical limit of Cd in soil, which was 0.5 ppm. The concentration of Cd in plants was higher than in the soil, but under critical level for the plant, which was 5-10 ppm.
Identification of macrofauna on various volcanic ash thickness and different vegetation in andisol affected by Sinabung eruption
Authors: Munawaroh H , Sembiring M , Hanafiah A S
Published: April 2020

Mount Sinabung eruption caused the soil covered by volcanic ash with various thickness. Changes in soil conditions will affect population and diversities in the soil. The research aims to identify soil macro-fauna on andisol in Karo County with various thickness of volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung with different vegetation after 5 years of eruption. The Plots were placed onto eight locations, I = processed land (0 cm) grass vegetation, II = uncovered by ash land (0 cm) coffee vegetation, III = covered by thin layer of ash land (≤2 cm) grass vegetation, IV = covered by thin layer of ash land (≤2 cm) coffee vegetation, V = covered by medium layer of ash land (2-5 cm) grass vegetation, VI = covered by medium layer of ash land (2-5 cm) coffee vegetation, VII = exposed by thick ash land (≥5 cm) grass vegetation, VIII = exposed by thick ash land (≥5 cm) coffee vegetation. Sampling was done by method Pitfall Trap, Square Monolith, and Hand Sorting. The result shows that the change of soil will affect soil macro-fauna - based on macro-fauna identification results, found 3 phylum(s), 7 class(es), 12 ordo(s), 18 family(ies), and 20 species.
Habitat characteristics and water quality status in the Batangtoru Watershed, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi A , Leidonald R , Desrita
Published: April 2020

The Batangtoru watershed is one of the aquatic ecosystems in maintaining the presence of natural aquatic biodiversity in the Tapanuli region. This study aims to describe the habitat characteristics of aquatic organisms and determine the status of the water quality of the Batangtoru watershed by the Sing score method. Sampling was carried out for 20 days from 21st of July to 10th of August 2019. Determination of 1 - 34 sampling points was carried out by purposive sampling method based on the representation of the overall environmental conditions of the Batangtoru watershed reflecting upstream, middle, downstream and creeks while taking into account the level of safety during sampling in the field. Based on the calculation results of Sing Score method, it also shows that in general the conditions of the waters in the Batangtoru watershed is still fair to excellent. But there are some points that are already poor, namely at point 5. Excellent water conditions are always found in creeks and subtributaries.
Spatial model of the Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) prey habitat suitability index in Besitang
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Rambe B A , Patana P , Purwoko A
Published: April 2020

The Besitang forest landscape is a habitat for Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) which is one of the key species in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP). Deforestation and degradation have caused forest fragmentation so that Sumatran tigers habitat becomes narrow. As the first step in modelling the suitability of Sumatran tiger habitat, it is then knowing the distribution of Sumatran tiger prey needs to be done. The objective of this study was to get information about the suitability distribution of Sumatran tigers’ prey based on biophysic and social factors in Besitang. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to select and weight the factors that are thought to influence the distribution of Sumatran tiger prey. Overlay analysis of the factors that influence the habitat suitability is done using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the index value of habitat suitability of Sumatran tigers’ prey has a range of values from 0 to 1. Areas that have values getting closer to number 1 indicate the area is more suitable for the habitat of Sumatran tiger prey.
The influence of solar tunnel dryer on the quality of karupuak jangek (case study: Aulia MSME in Jorong Aro Kandikia, Tilatang Kamang Agam Regency)
Authors: Juliyarsi I , Melia S , Novia D
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine the influence of drying time on the quality of karupuak jangek with solar tunnel dryer to protein content, fat content, texture test and organoleptic test. The raw material of this research was cowhide obtained from Animal Slaughterhouse in Bukittinggi, by using 50 kg of Simmental Crossbreed, aged 2 years. The research method used Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 treatments. The treatments were drying time A (1 day), B (2 days), C (3 days), D (4 days). The results showed that the influence of drying time on quality of karupuak jangek with solar tunnel dryer on 3 days gave best result of protein content of 58.88%, fat content of 13.69%, texture test with average 210.92 N/cm2, a colour organoleptic test 2.06, flavour 2.02 and texture 2.12 showed quite like.
Asahan coconut for virgin coconut oil production using fermentation method
Authors: Purba H F , Romauli N D M , Purba T , Manurung E D , Nurmalia
Published: April 2020

VCO Fermentation method can be done on a large scale with many advantages compared to the heating method, such as the effectiveness and efficiency of labour, time, cost, equipment also produce higher VCO quantity and quality. This study was aimed to determine type and yeast concentration with fermentation time that produced the best VCO yield and quality. The study was conducted from February to November 2015 in the Post Harvest Laboratory AIAT North Sumatra. The research used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of 2 factors, which are yeast type (baker’s, tape, and tempeh) and yeast concentration (3,6,9,12, and 15%). The results showed the baker’s yeast of 15% concentration on 24 hours fermentation time gave the best yield (13.60%) and the highest score on organoleptic test. Interaction results of type and yeast concentration were significantly different on VCO water content but were not significantly different on FFA and peroxide value. Generally, the lowest VCO water content is obtained in tape yeast while the lowest FFA and peroxide value in baker’s yeast. VCO fermented by tempeh yeast produced the highest lauric acid (48.76%) while the highest medium-chain fatty acid composition produced by tape yeast fermentation (60.64%).
Hypocholesterolaemic effects of fermented red onion (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) in rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Rohani A S , Yuandani  , Sitorus P
Published: April 2020

Red onion is known as one of spices, and it also benefits for human health evidently. Previous study that red onion has a beneficial for cardiovascular disease, including hypocholesterolaemic Red onion contains flavonoids. The extract of red onion decreased serum total cholesterol level of rats, which is mediated by quercetin. Quercetin could be increased by fermentation as one of the new methods in drug discovery, so the biological activity also increases through fermentation. This study aimed to antihypercholesterolaemic activity of red onion fermented extract. Twenty five rats were divided in 5 groups; 2 controls [negative and positive control (atorvastatin)] with treatment groups (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bw of fermented red onion extract. Rats were given atherogenic feed until hypercholesterolaemic All groups were given an atherogenic feed until hypercholesterolaemic. Total cholesterol of rats measured on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after they rats were treated by red onion fermented extract. Data analysed by ANOVA and continued by post hoc Duncan. All doses of red onion fermented extract decreased total cholesterol level of rats and dose of 200 mg/kg showed the strongest effect. Write the expectation for future fermented red onion has potential as a new agent cardiovascular health.
Effects of boiling time and baking soda concentration on the physical chemistry of saga seed flour
Authors: Manik N E , Nurminah M , Ginting S
Published: April 2020

Saga tree is a plant that grows in Indonesia and produce seed production very much. However, utilization is still very little saga seeds when seeds saga has a very high nutritional content, especially protein and fat. Saga seeds can be processed into various products such as being a high-protein flour. This study aims to determine the effect of long boiling and baking soda concentration on the physicochemical properties of flour biji saga. The research design uses completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with two factors, namely the long boiling (40,50,60 minutes) and baking soda concentration (3; 4 and5%). The results showed that the Interaction between boiling time and concentration of baking soda had highly significant effect to water and fat content, had significant effect to protein content and had no significant effect to ash content and flavour of the saga seed flour. The best saga seed flour was T1K3 that is boiled for 40 minutes and dipped in the 5% baking soda solution.
Effect of blanching time and sodium metabisulphite concentration on the physicochemical properties of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
Authors: Lumban Gaol R A , Nurminah M , Nainggolan R J
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of jackfruit seed flour and to develop the utilization of jackfruit seeds. The analysis was performed using a factorial complete randomized design consisting of two factors, blanching time (T1 = 5 minutes, T2 = 10 minutes, T3 = 10 minutes) and sodium metabisulphite concentration (K1 = 200 ppm, K2 = 400 ppm, K3 = 600 ppm ppm). The parameters analysed were moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content and L value (brightness). The interaction between the two factors has a very significant influence on water content and L value; it has a significant effect on protein content; and not significant effect on ash content and fat content. Jackfruit seed flour with 5 minutes blanching time and 200 ppm sodium metabisulphite concentration produces the best and more acceptable quality of jackfruit seed flour.
The effect of edible coating application based on cassava starch and calcium chloride concentration on the quality of orange sweet potatoes french fries
Authors: Isnaini R , Nurminah M , Lubis Z
Published: April 2020

French fries is snack which usually made from potatoes with the first frying treatment and then frozen. Orange sweet potatoes can also proceed to become French fries as diversifying food form. This study used two factors, the concentration of cassava starch (CCS): (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) and the concentration of calcium chloride (CCl2): (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%). The best edible coating was from cassava starch concentration of 0,5% and calcium chloride concentration of 2,0% of French fries.
Financial analysis of pidada syrup (Sonneratia caseolaris)
Authors: Basyuni M , Situmeang S M T , Putri L A P , Yusraini E , Lesmana I
Published: April 2020

The mangrove forest is a tropical and sub-tropical coastal vegetation community dominated by several types of mangrove trees. Mangroves are able to grow and develop in muddy tidal and coastal areas. This study aims to identify the feasibility of pidada processing business into syrup in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study uses data analysis by calculating Revenue Cost (RC), Break-Even Point (BEP) and Added Value, using data 6 times pidada syrup production. The RC ratio value of pidada syrup obtained ranged from 1.62 - 3.71 for the production of pidada syrup. The highest RC Ratio of pidada syrup is found in the production carried out on August 24, 2017, with values of 3.71. This study indicated that the business of pidada syrup could be economically profitable and financially feasible.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sweet bun produced from wheat and purple sweet potato flour
Authors: Aritonang A , Julianti E , Nurminah M
Published: April 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sweet bun as affected by the ratio of wheat flour (WF) and purple sweet potato flour (PSPF). Six samples of breads were made from WF and PSPF in various ratio namely P1 (100% wheat flour), P2 (80:20), P3 (60:40), P4 (40:60), P5 (20:80), and P6 (100% PSP flour). The results showed that the ratio of WF and PSPF had significant effect (P < 0.05) on the colour value (L, a, b, and ºhue), browning index, specific volume, texture, anthocyanin content, crude fibre content and organoleptic value of sweet bun. The sweet bun that most acceptable by consumers was produced from 60% WF and 40% PSPF.