bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial synapse based on low-voltage Ni-doped CuI thin-film transistors for neuromorphic application
Authors: Peng Yuling , Dou Wei , Chen Pengfei , Xu Xiaodong , Jiang Guanggang , Deng Pufan , Zhang Nenghui , Yin Yanling , Peng Yuehua , Tang Dongsheng
Published: August 2024

Inspired by the human brain's capacity as a powerful biological computer capable of simultaneously processing a vast array of cognitive tasks, many emerging artificial synapse devices have been developed in recent years. Electric-double-layer (EDL) transistors based on interfacial ion-modulation have attracted widespread attention for simulating synaptic plasticity and neural functions. Here, low-voltage EDL p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on glass substrates, with Ni-doped cuprous iodide (Ni0.06Cu0.94I) as the channel and chitosan as the dielectric. The electrical performance of the Ni0.06Cu0.94I TFTs is investigated: current on/off ratio of 6.4 × 104, subthreshold swing of 33 mV/dec, threshold voltage of 1.38 V, operating voltage of 2 V, and saturation field-effect mobility of 15.75 cm2 V−1 s−1. A dual in-plane gate OR logic operation is demonstrated. Importantly, by applying single voltage pulses, dual voltage pulses, and multiple voltage pulses to the gate, the Ni0.06Cu0.94I transistors exhibited typical synaptic characteristics, including short-term potentiation, short-term depression, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, paired-pulse facilitation, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, the synaptic transistor can also simulate the learning–forgetting–relearning process of the human brain. These remarkable behaviors of voltage-stimulated synaptic transistors have potential for neuromorphic applications in future artificial systems.
A quasi-matching scheme for arbitrary group velocity match in electro-optic modulation
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Liu Hongxuan , Wang Mai , Chen Hao , Ma Zhi , Pan Bingcheng , Huang Yishu , Shi Yaqi , Li Chenlei , Gao He , Tong Yeyu , Yang Zongyin , Yu Zejie , Liu Liu , Dai Daoxin
Published: August 2024

Group velocity and impedance matches are prerequisites for high-speed Mach–Zehnder electro-optic (EO) modulators. However, not all platforms can realize matching conditions, restricting high-speed modulation in many practical conditions. Here, we propose and demonstrate a quasi-matching scheme to satisfy the group velocity and characteristic impedance matches by cascading fast-wave and slow-wave traveling wave electrodes. The effective group velocity can be flexibly adjusted by changing the ratio of fast-wave and slow-wave traveling wave electrodes. Moreover, the quasi-matching scheme is experimentally verified by demonstrating a 6 mm long EO modulator on a thin-film lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform with a silica cladding. The radio frequency signal insertion loss at the boundary of the slow-wave and fast-wave electrodes is less than 0.12 dB. The measured small signal EO response of the quasi-matched EO modulator drops less than 2 dB at 67 GHz, while the measured small-signal EO responses of conventional slow and fast traveling wave EO modulators drop 4 dB at 67 GHz. The measured 100 Gb/s on–off key signal eye-diagrams of the quasi-matched EO modulator also exhibit an overwhelming advantage over conventional schemes. Therefore, our results will open many opportunities for high-speed EO modulators in various platforms.
Mechanical behavior and energy characteristics of red sandstone with different seawater immersion heights under biaxial compression
Authors: Peng Kang , Wu Tao , Wang Yuanmin , Luo Kun , Luo Song , Ren Ji
Published: August 2024

Rock structures engineered during undersea mining are typically subjected to varying water distributions due to the motion of seawater, which considerably influences their stability. Hence, it is essential to understand the influence of seawater distribution on the mechanical behavior and energy characteristics of rocks. In this study, biaxial compression tests were conducted on red sandstone at various seawater immersion heights, and acoustic emission signals during compression were monitored. The results illustrate that the mechanical properties of the red sandstone deteriorate significantly upon seawater immersion. With an increase in seawater immersion height, the peak strength and elastic modulus of the rock specimens decreased exponentially. When the seawater immersion height was varied from 0 to 1/4 H under lateral stresses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa, the peak strength decreased by 18.94%, 20.29%, 17.47%, and 14.87%, respectively, and the elastic modulus decreased by 4.6%, 8.1%, 11.7%, and 10.9%, respectively. Brittleness also decreased gradually. During compression, the acoustic emission (AE) and accumulated AE counts exhibited a stationary phenomenon, first increasing slowly and then suddenly. However, the AE counts decrease with increasing seawater immersion height. Meanwhile, with increasing seawater immersion height, the proportion of tensile cracks gradually increased and that of shear cracks gradually decreased. As the seawater immersion height increased, both the peak total input strain energy and peak total elastic strain energy decreased, whereas the peak total dissipated strain energy exhibited the opposite trend.
Theoretical model of current propagation in a helical coil with varying geometry and screen tube
Authors: Lacoste C. L. C. , Hirsch-Passicos A. , d’Humières E. , Tikhonchuk V. T. , Antici P. , Bardon M.
Published: August 2024

An analytical model of current propagation in a helical coil with varying geometry is developed. It can be used for post-acceleration and post-focusing of ions produced via laser-driven target normal sheath acceleration and generation of electromagnetic pulses. We calculate the current that propagates in a helical coil and suggest a method for improving its dispersion properties using a screening tube and with pitch and radius variation. The electromagnetic fields calculated with the analytical model are in agreement with particle-in-cell simulations. The model provides insights into the physics of current propagation in helical coils with varying geometries and enables a numerical implementation for rapid proton spectrum computations, which facilitate the design of such coils for future experiments.
Switched symmetric vibration SRS of −CxH2 by hydrogen bonding regulating conformations of aqueous NPA solution
Authors: Xue Ruqing , Wang Haixin , Du Hua , Zhang Wei , Li Aijun , Fang Wenhui , Men Zhiwei
Published: August 2024

Molecular conformation is an important characteristic feature of chemistry and physics, which exists in organic molecules. Based on the hydrogen bonding (HB) regulating conformations, we proposed a scheme to switch the stimulated Raman scattering peak from the symmetric vibration mode of −CαH2 (2878 cm−1) to that of −CβH2 (2937 cm−1) of n-propanol (NPA) aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 0.55. The dominant association structure can be converted from NPA–NPA to NPA–H2O by the HB network between H2O and NPA, and the HB structures were investigated through density functional theory calculations. The changes in intramolecular vibrational modes have effect on the relative abundances of NPA molecules by intermolecular HBs. This study can be extended to explore other organic molecular conformations in mixing solutions.
Sound-vortex conversion on droplets: A surface curvature oscillation engine for cavitation
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: August 2024

Cavitation, a confusing yet essential natural process, remains the target of intensive scientific research. Discovered through propeller cavitation nearly a century ago, initial theories suggest that bubble collapse initiates cavitation. The mechanism of bubble collapse in cavitation remains unclear, especially in modern cavitation scenarios like sonodynamic tumor therapy or aerodynamic noise without natural bubbles. Therefore, a comprehensive visualization-based cavitation mechanism is vital to comprehend and investigate various cavitation phenomena, from historical propeller cavitation to modern in vivo tumor treatment. This study introduces and discusses the direct conversion between two fundamental motions, sound and vortex, and its application as a universal cavitation mechanism to initiate and sustain tailored long-life cavitation from droplets. The results demonstrate a special acoustic phenomenon and its potential technological applications for harnessing sound with customized acoustics cavitation devoid of bubbles.
Fabrication of ramie/hemp fibers-reinforced hybrid polymer composite—A comprehensive study on biological and structural application
Authors: Mohanavel V. , Diwakar Garikapati , Govindasamy Mahendran , Singh Vikash , Theophilus Rajakumar I. Paul , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Kannan Sathish , Salmen Saleh H. , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali
Published: August 2024

This study primarily investigates the antibacterial properties, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and microstructural characteristics of a composite, utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for detailed analysis. The composite, crafted through a hand layup technique, optimally blends ramie and hemp fibers within an epoxy matrix. Its antibacterial efficacy was rigorously tested against common bacterial strains, demonstrating significant potential for medical and hygienic applications. The evaluation of tensile strength revealed the composite’s enhanced capability to withstand longitudinal stresses, with a peak strength of 37.81 MPa, achieved by increasing ramie fiber content. In addition, a flexural strength of 39.72 MPa underscored the material’s robust resistance to bending forces, crucial for structural uses. The composite’s impact strength, accessed via the Izod impact test, registered at 0.021 J/m2, indicating its ability to absorb and dissipate energy upon sudden impacts, making it ideal for automotive and protective gear applications. The Rockwell hardness test further quantified the composite’s resistance to surface indentation, vital for wear-resistant surfaces. SEM analysis offered a comprehensive view of the microstructural dynamics between the fibers and the matrix, especially under tensile stress, highlighting the intricacies of fiber–matrix adhesion, crack propagation, and overall composite integrity. Notably, the antibacterial properties were confirmed by an 18 mm inhibition zone, which showcases the composite’s ability to inhibit bacterial growth effectively.
Integrating Newton’s equations of motion in the reciprocal space
Authors: Cammarata Antonio , Dašić Miljan , Nicolini Paolo
Published: August 2024

We here present the normal dynamics technique, which recasts the Newton’s equations of motion in terms of phonon normal modes by exploiting a proper sampling of the reciprocal space. After introducing the theoretical background, we discuss how the reciprocal space sampling enables us to (i) obtain a computational speedup by selecting which and how many wave vectors of the Brillouin zone will be considered and (ii) account for distortions realized across large atomic distances without the use of large simulation cells. We implemented the approach into an open-source code, which we used to present three case studies: in the first one, we elucidate the general strategy for the sampling of the reciprocal space; in the second one, we illustrate the potential of the approach by studying the stabilization effect of temperature in α-uranium; and in the last one, we investigate the characterization of Raman spectra at different temperatures in MoS2/MX2 transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Finally, we discuss how the procedure is general and can be used to simulate periodic, semiperiodic, and finite systems such as crystals, slabs, nanoclusters, or molecules.
HfAlOx-based ferroelectric memristor for nociceptor and synapse functions
Authors: Ju Dongyeol , Park Yongjin , Noh Minseo , Koo Minsuk , Kim Sungjun
Published: August 2024

Efficient data processing is heavily reliant on prioritizing specific stimuli and categorizing incoming information. Within human biological systems, dorsal root ganglions (particularly nociceptors situated in the skin) perform a pivotal role in detecting external stimuli. These neurons send warnings to our brain, priming it to anticipate potential harm and prevent injury. In this study, we explore the potential of using a ferroelectric memristor device structured as a metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor as an artificial nociceptor. The aim of this device is to electrically receive external damage and interpret signals of danger. The TiN/HfAlOx (HAO)/HfSiOx (HSO)/n+ Si configuration of this device replicates the key functions of a biological nociceptor. The emulation includes crucial aspects, such as threshold reactivity, relaxation, no adaptation, and sensitization phenomena known as “allodynia” and “hyperalgesia.” Moreover, we propose establishing a connection between nociceptors and synapses by training the Hebbian learning rule. This involves exposing the device to injurious stimuli and using this experience to enhance its responsiveness, replicating synaptic plasticity.
Evaluating impedance boundary conditions to model interfacial dynamics in acoustofluidics
Authors: Kshetri Khemraj Gautam , Nama Nitesh
Published: August 2024

We present a numerical study to investigate the efficacy of impedance boundary conditions in capturing the interfacial dynamics of a particle subjected to an acoustic field and study the concomitant time-averaged acoustic streaming and radiation force fields. While impedance boundary conditions have been utilized to represent fluid–solid interface in acoustofluidics, such models assume the solid material to be locally reactive to the acoustic waves. However, there is a limited understanding of when this assumption holds true, raising concerns about the suitability of impedance boundary conditions. Here, we systematically investigate the applicability of impedance boundary conditions by comparing the predictions of an impedance boundary approach against a fully coupled fluid–solid model. We contrast the oscillation profiles of the fluid–solid interface predicted by the two models. We consider different scatterer materials to identify the extent to which the differences in interfacial dynamics impact the time-averaged fields and highlight the divergence within the predictions of the two models. Our findings indicate that, although impedance boundary conditions can yield qualitatively similar results to the full model in certain situations, the predictions from the two models generally differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. These results underscore the importance of exercising caution when applying these boundary conditions to model general acoustofluidic systems.
Issues with lipid probes in flip-flop measurements: A comparative study using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy and second-harmonic generation
Authors: Taylor Joshua M. , Conboy John C.
Published: August 2024

Fluorescent lipid probes such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(6-[7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl]amino-hexanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C6 NBD-PC) have been used extensively to study the kinetics of lipid flip-flop. However, the efficacy of these probes as reliable reporters of native lipid translocation has never been tested. In this study, sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) was used to measure the kinetics of C6 NBD-PC lipid flip-flop and the flip-flop of native lipids in planar supported lipid bilayers. C6 NBD-PC was investigated at concentrations of 1 and 3 mol. % in both chain-matched 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and chain-mismatched 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) to assess the ability of C6 NBD-PC to mimic the behavior of the surrounding matrix lipids. It was observed that C6 NBD-PC exhibited faster flip-flop kinetics compared to the native lipids in both DPPC and DSPC matrices, with notably accelerated rates in the chain-mismatched DSPC system. SFVS was also used to measure the acyl chain orientation and gauche content of C6 NBD-PC in both DPPC and DSPC membranes. In the DSPC matrix (chain mismatched), C6 NBD-PC was more disordered in terms of both gauche content and acyl tilt, whereas it maintained an orientation similar to that of the native lipids in the DPPC matrix (chain matched). In addition, the flip-flop kinetics of C6 NBD-PC were also measured using second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy, by probing the motion of the NBD chromophore directly. The flip-flop kinetics measured by SHG were consistent with those obtained from SFVS. This study also marks the first instance of phospholipid flip-flop kinetics being measured via SHG. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that C6 NBD-PC does not adequately mimic the behavior of native lipids within a membrane. These findings also highlight the significant impact of the lipid matrix on the flip-flop behavior of the fluorescently labeled lipid, C6 NBD-PC.
Modeling on ball migration and seating in a horizontal well with multi-cluster perforations
Authors: Cheng Wan , Hu Qinghai , Lei Gang , Yang Siyu , Chang Yunchao , Wu Tao , Zhou Zaile
Published: August 2024

Ball-throwing temporary plugging fracturing is a new technology for achieving uniform-length fracture in a horizontal well. The migration and seating law of a temporary plugging ball (TPB) in the horizontal well is still not clear. Based on the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model coupling method, a three-cluster spiral perforated borehole model is established to analyze the effects of the density, diameter, and number of TPB, fracturing fluid injection rate, and viscosity on the migration and seating behaviors of TPB. The results show that the buoyancy ball and the gravity ball have better sealing effects on cluster 3, which is near the borehole heel, and cluster 1, which is near the borehole toe, respectively. When the diameter of TPB is 1–1.3 times the perforation diameter, the overall plugging effect is better. When the number of TPB is 5/6 times the total number of perforations, the plugging effect at cluster 3 and cluster 1 is better. When the injection rate of fracturing fluid ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 m3/min, the plugging efficiency at cluster 3 is higher with a low injection rate. When the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 20–30 mPa s, cluster 3 and cluster 1 have better plugging effect.
Giant spin caloritronic properties in spin-semiconductor graphene nanoribbons via zigzag edge extensions
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Xin-Yi , Gan Bing-Yu , Tang Wen-Si , Fan Zhi-Qiang , Cao Xuan-Hao
Published: August 2024

In this work, we theoretically studied the spin caloritronic properties of 7-width armchair graphene nanoribbons with isolated zigzag edge extension (D-system), cove-to-zigzag edge extensions (D1-system), cove-to-cove edge extensions (D2-system), and zigzag-to-zigzag edge extensions (D3-system), respectively, by combining first-principles calculations with a non-equilibrium Green's function method. The results illustrate that the D-system and D1-system with sublattice imbalance show spin-semiconductor properties and obtain thermally induced pure spin current devoid of charge current due to the symmetric spin-up and spin-down channels around the Fermi level. Additionally, it observes substantial spin-dependent Seebeck coefficients Ssp, approximately −2.5 mV/K for the D-system and −3.0 mV/K for the D1-system, near chemical potential ±0.5 eV. More than that, the D1-system showcases a remarkable spin-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit, ZspT, at room temperature, approximately approaching 8 near the Fermi level. In contrast, the D2-system and D3-system only achieved charge-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit of about 0.5 due to the preservation of sublattice balance. Our findings provide important suggestions for designing spin caloritronic devices with high efficiency.
On the equivalence of demagnetization tensors as discrete cell size approaches zero in three-dimensional space
Authors: Liang Hao , Yan Xinqiang
Published: August 2024

The calculation of the demagnetization field is crucial in various disciplines, including magnetic resonance imaging and micromagnetics. A standard method involves discretizing the spatial domain into finite difference cells and using demagnetization tensors to compute the field. Different demagnetization tensors can result in contributions from adjacent cells that do not approach zero, nor do their differences, even as the cell size decreases. This work demonstrates that in three-dimensional space, a specific set of magnetization tensors produces the same total demagnetization field as the Cauchy principal value when the cell size approaches zero. Additionally, we provide a lower bound for the convergence speed, validated through numerical experiments.
Properties of V-defect injectors in long wavelength GaN LEDs studied by near-field electro- and photoluminescence
Authors: Yapparov Rinat , Tak Tanay , Ewing Jacob , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P. , Speck James S. , Marcinkevičius Saulius
Published: August 2024

The efficiency of multiple quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) to a large degree depends on uniformity of hole distribution between the QWs. Typically, transport between the QWs takes place via carrier capture into and thermionic emission out of the QWs. In InGaN/GaN QWs, the thermionic hole transport is hindered by the high quantum confinement and polarization barriers. To overcome this drawback, hole injection through semipolar QWs located at sidewalls of V-defects had been proposed. However, in the case of the V-defect injection, strong lateral emission variations take place. In this work, we explore the nature of these variations and the impact of the V-defects on the emission spectra and carrier dynamics. The study was performed by mapping electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) with a scanning near-field optical microscope in LEDs that contain a deeper well that can only be populated by holes through the V-defects. Applying different excitation schemes (electrical injection and optical excitation in the far- and near-field), we have shown that the EL intensity variations are caused by the lateral nonuniformity of the hole injection. We have also found that, in biased structures, the PL intensity and decay time in the V-defect regions are only moderately lower that in the V-defect-free regions thus showing no evidence of an efficient Shockley-–Read–Hall recombination. In the V-defect regions, the emission spectra experience a red shift and increased broadening, which suggests an increase of the In content and well width in the polar QWs close to the V-defects.
Origami-inspired robot folds into more than 1000 shapes
Authors: Sieben Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Composed of small cubes, the robot needs only a few motors to be active at any one time to transform between configurations.
Does patient activation matter? An examination of the relationships between patient activation and healthcare use in older adults with mild frailty after discharge from an emergency department
Authors: Harper Kristie , Williamson Melinda , Arendts Glenn , Edwards Deborah , Buller Bridgette , Haak Jenna , Jacques Angela , Barton Annette , Petta Antonio , Celenza Antonio
Published: August 2024

Objective Patient engagement, as measured by the Patient Activation Measure (PAM®), has been used to assess patients’ ability to manage their own care. This study aimed to determine whether the PAM® could predict healthcare use in older adults aged >70 years, living independently in the community with mild frailty, within 30 days after emergency department (ED) discharge. Methods A prospective single-centre observational cohort study was completed including older adults who presented to an ED. The 13-item PAM® and selected International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measures were completed prior to ED discharge. Results Two hundred patients were recruited with a mean age of 84.8 years (s.d. 6.9). The mean PAM® score was 58.6 (s.d. 13.3), with 12.5% at Level 1 (n = 25), 40% at Level 2 (n = 80), 34.5% at Level 3 (n = 69) and 13.0% at Level 4 (n = 26). The PAM® level was significantly associated with ED presentations in the past 6 months (P = 0.030). The PAM® level did not predict healthcare use within 30 days of discharge consisting of time until ED representation (P = 0.557), number of ED representations (P = 0.560), number of hospital admissions (P = 0.499), length of stay in hospital (P = 0.254) and number of post-discharge contacts (P = 0.667). Conclusions Overall, the PAM® did not predict prospective short-term healthcare use. However, the PAM® was significantly associated with 6-month previous ED use. With more than 50% of patients at Level 1 or 2, indicating lower capacity for self-management, tailored interventions are required to assist mildly frail patients to manage discharge care plans and engage in preventative strategies.
Conserved moonlighting protein pyruvate dehydrogenase induces robust protection against
Staphylococcus aureus
infection
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Dou Ying , Hu Jingchu , Chan Celia Hoi-Ching , Li Renhao , Rong Li , Gong Huarui , Deng Jian , Yuen Terrence Tsz-Tai , Lin Xuansheng , He Yige , Su Canhui , Zhang Bao-Zhong , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Chu Hin , Huang Jian-Dong
Published: August 2024

Developing an effective
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) vaccine has been a challenging endeavor, as demonstrated by numerous failed clinical trials over the years. In this study, we formulated a vaccine containing a highly conserved moonlighting protein, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit (PDHC), and showed that it induced strong protective immunity against epidemiologically relevant staphylococcal strains in various murine disease models. While antibody responses contributed to bacterial control, they were not essential for protective immunity in the bloodstream infection model. Conversely, vaccine-induced systemic immunity relied on γδ T cells. It has been suggested that prior
S. aureus
exposure may contribute to the reduction of vaccine efficacy. However, PDHC-induced protective immunity still facilitated bacterial clearance in mice previously exposed to
S. aureus
. Collectively, our findings indicate that PDHC is a promising serotype-independent vaccine candidate effective against both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
isolates.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A novel tool for detecting consciousness after acute severe brain injury
Authors: Kazazian Karnig , Abdalmalak Androu , Novi Sergio L. , Norton Loretta , Moulavi-Ardakani Reza , Kolisnyk Matthew , Gofton Teneille E. , Mesquita Rickson C. , Owen Adrian M. , Debicki Derek B.
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in functional neuroimaging have demonstrated that some unresponsive patients in the intensive care unit retain a level of consciousness that is inconsistent with their behavioral diagnosis of awareness. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a portable optical neuroimaging method that can be used to measure neural activity with good temporal and spatial resolution. However, the reliability of fNIRS for detecting the neural correlates of consciousness remains to be established. In a series of studies, we evaluated whether fNIRS can record sensory, perceptual, and command-driven neural processing in healthy participants and in behaviorally nonresponsive patients. At the individual healthy subject level, we demonstrate that fNIRS can detect commonly studied resting state networks, sensorimotor processing, speech-specific auditory processing, and volitional command-driven brain activity to a motor imagery task. We then tested fNIRS with three acutely brain injured patients and found that one could willfully modulate their brain activity when instructed to imagine playing a game of tennis—providing evidence of preserved consciousness despite no observable behavioral signs of awareness. The successful application of fNIRS for detecting preserved awareness among behaviorally nonresponsive patients highlights its potential as a valuable tool for uncovering hidden cognitive states in critical care settings.
Staying terminologically rigid, conceptually open and socially cohesive
Authors: Michaelis Laura A.
Published: August 2024

When he introduced the framework now known as Construction Grammar, Charles Fillmore said: “Grammatical
Construction Theory differs from […] other frameworks […] in its insistence that syntactic patterns are often tightly associated
with interpretation instructions” (Fillmore 1989: 17). Construction Grammarians view
the patterns, the associations and the interpretive instructionsas a matter of linguistic convention-a fact not generally
appreciated within the wider cognitive-functional community that embraces Construction Grammar, In CxG, we do not use general
principles to explain the existence of the form-function pairs we encounter in a language, but rather treat those as the product
of lexical and constructional licensing (Zwicky 1994). But emergentists and stipulators
share one core belief: grammatical structure is inherently symbolic. Sign-Based Construction Grammar (SBCG) makes this insight
formally explicit by treating constructions as licensors of signs-signs that are phrases, lexemes or words-and allowing for
semantic and usage constraints to be directly associated with constructions. But practitioners of Construction Grammar might
reasonably reject the SBCG formalism as incompatible with major foundations of constructional thinking: the top-down nature of
constructional meaning, the idiomaticity continuum and the narrow scope of linguistic generalizations. My task in this article is
to address this concern, illustrating a variety of applications.
The state of pivot subtitling
Authors: Dallı Harun , Sung Seung-eun
Published: August 2024

At the heart of media globalization lies pivot subtitling – an indirect translation method that facilitates
accessibility and cultural diversity in a vastly multilingual mediascape. Conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, this
survey targeted 80 Turkish subtitlers who translated Korean content for various subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms. The
study aims to understand the working conditions of Turkish pivot subtitlers, elicit recommendations, and provide insights to
industry stakeholders. The findings reveal a lack of uniformity within pivot subtitling workflows across SVoD platforms,
highlighting the need for standardized working conditions. The study also addresses the quality assurance of pivot subtitles and
templates, emphasizing the absence of consistent procedures in post-submission processes. The results call for measures to uphold
equitable working conditions for pivot subtitlers, underscored by achieving uniformity in workflows, and a commitment to confront
systemic challenges that disincentivize direct translation in favor of indirect translation via pivot templates.
Moral panic and (in)security
Authors: Zhang Yue , Kaur Surinderpal
Published: August 2024

This study examines Trump’s depiction of Hispanic and Latinx immigrants, highlighting his use of moral panic to
activate fear and thereby deepen societal divisions within a broader right-wing populist agenda. Analyzing nearly half a million
words from Trump’s tweets using corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis, the research reveals that he portrays Hispanic and
Latinx immigrants as the ‘object of offence,’ amplifying their perceived threat while ‘scapegoating’ political adversaries and
other nations. As a ‘moral entrepreneur,’ he and his allies position themselves as protectors against this perceived danger,
warning of severe ‘consequences’ for national security and the economy if left unaddressed. Their ‘corrective action’ involves
implementing strict immigration policies, with the ‘desired outcome’ being enhanced security and economic prosperity. The study
demonstrates how the deployment of moral panic generates public fear and insecurity, legitimizing anti-immigrant sentiments and
justifying stringent measures. This, in turn, reinforces right-wing populism narratives with significant societal
implications.
Near millimolar concentration of nucleosomes in mitotic chromosomes from late prometaphase into anaphase
Authors: Cisneros-Soberanis Fernanda , Simpson Eva L. , Beckett Alison J. , Pucekova Nina , Corless Samuel , Kochanova Natalia Y. , Prior Ian A. , Booth Daniel G. , Earnshaw William C.
Published: August 2024

Chromosome compaction is a key feature of mitosis and critical for accurate chromosome segregation. However, a precise quantitative analysis of chromosome geometry during mitotic progression is lacking. Here, we use volume electron microscopy to map, with nanometer precision, chromosomes from prometaphase through telophase in human RPE1 cells. During prometaphase, chromosomes acquire a smoother surface, their arms shorten, and the primary centromeric constriction is formed. The chromatin is progressively compacted, ultimately reaching a remarkable nucleosome concentration of over 750 µM in late prometaphase that remains relatively constant during metaphase and early anaphase. Surprisingly, chromosomes then increase their volume in late anaphase prior to deposition of the nuclear envelope. The plateau of total chromosome volume from late prometaphase through early anaphase described here is consistent with proposals that the final stages of chromatin condensation in mitosis involve a limit density, such as might be expected for a process involving phase separation.
Measurements of the 128Te(n, 2n)127m,gTe reaction cross sections and isomeric cross section ratio of 127m,gTe at the neutron energy of 14 MeV*
Authors: Luo 罗 Junhua 均华 , He 贺 Long 龙 , Zhou 周 Liang 亮 , Jiang 蒋 Li 励
Published: August 2024

In this study, measurements of the 128Te(n, 2n)127m,gTe reaction cross sections and the computation of the isomeric cross section ratio were performed around the neutron energy of 13−15 MeV. We used a γ-ray spectrometric technique to conduct the measurements. The neutron energy was produced by the 3H(d,n)4He reaction. For the 128Te(n, 2n)127m,gTe reaction, the excited state, ground state, total cross section, and isomeric cross section ratio were determined using the TALYS-1.96 code, a theoretical nuclear model that allows for variations in density options. The initial experimental data, assessed nuclear data, and theoretical calculations based on the TALYS-1.96 algorithm were compared with the measurement results. The new data produced by this study are essential for validating nuclear models and establishing parameters for nuclear reactions.
Simulation of synergistic trading in medium- and long-term power and carbon markets based on a multiagent model and reinforcement learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Yiqi , Yang Yang , Ji Junping , Huang Qisheng , He Daojing
Published: August 2024

This paper simulates the transactions of thermal power plants participating in medium- and long-term power markets and carbon markets simultaneously. The bidding adjustment function in bilateral contracts can realistically reflect the adjustment of participants’ bids and ask prices. This paper introduces the carbon assets management module to improve the flexibility of transactions. The thermal power plants’ bidding strategies affect the market clearing prices in the centralized trading markets, which in turn will affect their profits. We implement a reinforcement learning algorithm to investigate the bidding adjustment of thermal power plants in central bidding markets. The simulation results show that an increase in the carbon quota auction ratio can increase the prices of electricity and carbon quotas. Our simulations also reveal that excessive emission penalties and carbon incentive mechanisms can decrease the total carbon emissions of the thermal power industry, which is beneficial for the green power transition.
Annual carbon emission calculation and green technology exploration of the green campus based on comprehensive energy
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Yang Yongwen , Zhang Liting , Li Qifen , Chen Juan
Published: August 2024

Chinese universities have the characteristics of a dense population and high per capita energy consumption. Quantitative analysis of campus carbon emissions, research on the characteristics of campus carbon emissions, and exploring the potential for campus emission reduction have become effective carbon reduction paths for universities. Taking a university in Shanghai as an example, based on the set organizational boundaries, carbon emission sources are determined and classified, and the most suitable carbon emission factors are selected for them. Activity data on relevant carbon emission sources is collected through on-site research, and the emission factor method is used for carbon emission accounting and analysis. Finally, by analyzing the current carbon reduction status of existing green technologies, feasible carbon reduction potentials of green technologies are explored to optimize campus carbon reduction strategies. The results show that indirect emissions generated by electricity are the main source of its carbon emissions, accounting for 89.9% of the total carbon emissions. The utilization of renewable energy and carbon sequestration through green plants offset at least 69.75% of the total carbon emissions on campus. In addition, promoting the centralized opening of self-study rooms, improving the shading system of graphic and text centers, and implementing energy-saving renovations for elevators can achieve energy efficiency rates of 76.12%, 20%, and 37.73%. The results of this study provide valuable references for the development of carbon emission inventories for new green campuses, carbon emission accounting, and the construction of low-carbon pathways for universities.
Improving the safety of an Ah-level energy-dense Li-ion cell by LATP solid electrolyte modified separators
Authors: Wang Bo , Mou Lisa , Ou Mei , Yang Man , Li Bin , Wang Rennian , Qi Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

Modifying separators with inorganic particles represents an effective route to improve their mechanical and thermal stability during abuse conditions but generally affects the cell’s electric performance. This study investigates the implementation and effect of Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) solid electrolyte (SE) coated polyethylene (PE) separators on the electric and safety performances of an Ah-level energy-dense (≥300 Wh/kg) Li-ion cell. Compared to traditional coating materials like AlOOH (boehmite), LATP demonstrates a superior candidate that can significantly improve the passing rate of the cell in nail pentation tests to 80% and extend the endurance time of cell in heat box tests by tens of seconds and simultaneously enables improved cycling and rate performances. While the improved cell electric performance could be ascribed to the excellent Li ion conductivity of LATP, the safety improvement could be related to LATP’s beneficial role in enhancing the thermal stability of the separator and the suppressive role on the thermochemical reaction of the Ni-rich cathode.
Investigation on improving soldering reliability of large-scale LCCC devices with high-lead solder ball materials
Authors: Li Saipeng , Jiang Qinglei , Xia Haiyang
Published: August 2024

Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier (LCCC) is commonly used in high-density electronic packaging PCB boards. Due to the different thermal expansion of materials, the solder joints of LCCC devices are prone to stress and cracking after assembly, which leads to the failure of LCCC devices’ electrical performance. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of four solutions were analysed, and comprehensively considered the use of ball planting to alleviate thermal mismatch stress. After experimental verification, the thermal mismatch between the LCCC devices and PCB results in a lifespan of less than 200 cycles for direct assembly of the LCCC devices. Planting balls at the bottom of LCCC devices and soldering can effectively increase the lifespan of solder joints and improve product reliability. By analysing the SMT process, the bottom high-lead ball placement of LCCC devices was implemented, and environmental testing was conducted using temperature shock testing to demonstrate that bottom ball placement can extend solder joint life and improve reliability. This study provides a reliable soldering method for large-scale LCCC devices and provides a basis for improving LCCC reliability.
Research on gear whine evaluation method based on transmission error sensitivity
Authors: Dai Ling , Liu Yuan , Jia Yuan , Zhou Wentai , Zhang Anwei
Published: August 2024

The issue of noise control for electric vehicles has gradually become prominent, and gear whine noise, as a key factor, is crucial for improving the overall performance and quality of vehicles. This paper discusses the transmission error, a key parameter leading to gear whine, and analyzes the influence of load and gear micro modification on the distribution of transmission error, to achieve comparison and optimization of different axle plans. In addition, by statistical analysis of the distribution of manufacturing errors, it is concluded that they accord with a normal distribution. Then, the weighted transmission error is obtained considering error probability distribution, which provides a new approach for evaluating the sensitivity of gear whine noise to manufacturing errors, in order to solve the issue of noise consistency in large-scale production.
Development of Remote Condition Monitoring System for Panauti Hydropower Station
Authors: Sapkota P , Paudel S , Ghimire S , Sitaula J , Lama R , Chitrakar S , Neopane H P , Thapa B
Published: August 2024

Condition monitoring is the process of predicting faults in machine through the measurement and analysis of pre-identified parameters. This paper aims to present the features and process of development of a real time condition monitoring system installed at Panauti Hydropower station. In total, seven different sensors including Pressure, Temperature, Guide Vane Position and Tri-axial Vibration sensor were installed at the power plant. The locations of the pressure sensors are at the inlet of the turbine and the outlet of the draft tube. Tri-axial vibration sensor was installed at the turbine shaft to capture the turbine vibrations at different operating conditions. The temperature sensors provide the temperature data from the bearings and housing of a generator. The sensors were connected to the NI-DAQ (data acquisition system) hardware including current measuring module and sound and vibration module integrated with the LabVIEW program. The data acquisition system is capable of recording the pressure pulsations at the outlet of draft tube. The monitoring system processes the data from sensors and uploads the relevant information to the Kathmandu University’s central server. A remote monitoring program in LabVIEW has been developed which uses an Application Programming Interface (API) to retrieve the information from the central server in the real time, enabling the monitoring of the power plant from any location.
Influence of bias voltage and oxygen addition on the discharge aspects of a diffuse argon plume in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: JIA 贾 Pengying 鹏英 , HAN 韩 Guoxin 国新 , DONG 董 Xiupin 秀品 , WU 吴 Kaiyue 凯玥 , RAN 冉 Junxia 俊霞 , PANG 庞 Xuexia 学霞 , ZHANG 张 Xuexue 雪雪 , WU 武 Jiacun 珈存 , LI 李 Xuechen 雪辰
Published: August 2024

A remote plasma, also referred to as a plasma plume (diffuse or filamentary), is normally formed downstream of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet. In this study, a diffuse plume is formed by increasing the bias voltage (U
b) applied to the downstream electrode of an argon plasma jet excited by a negatively pulsed voltage. The results indicate that the plume is filamentary when U
b is low, which transits to the diffuse plume with increasing U
b. The discharge initiated at the rising edge of the pulsed voltage is attributed to the diffuse plume, while that at the falling edge contributes to the filament in the plume. For the diffuse plume, the discharge intensity decreases with the increasing oxygen content (C
o). Fast photography reveals that the diffuse plume results from a negative streamer, which has a dark region near the nozzle with C
o = 0%. However, the dark region is absent with C
o = 0.5%. From the optical emission spectrum, the electron density, electron excitation temperature, gas temperature, and oxygen atom concentration are investigated.
Well-being in the Early Years and Childhood
Authors: Bryning Lucy , Anthony Bethany F , Bray Nathan , Lloyd-Williams Huw , Charles Joanna , Tuersley Lorna , Lawrence Catherine L , Edwards Rhiannon T
Published: August 2024

A third of children in the UK are growing up and living in poverty. Post COVID-19 pandemic, this figure is rising due to a cost of living crisis. Investment that focuses on the critical window of the first few years of life is likely to provide the most efficient use of public resources, yielding returns over and above other forms of financial investment and investment at other points of the life-course. This chapter explores the economic case for investment in the early years and childhood, helping to ensure that children are as healthy as possible and well nourished, receive high-quality early-learning opportunities, and are nurtured and protected from harm. This chapter focuses on topics such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), maternal mental health, growing up in poverty, housing, preschool experience, early years vaccinations, dental health, and free school meals. This chapter concludes with curiosity questions for the reader to consider.
The Well-being and Well-becoming of Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Torbuck Alexander , Winrow Eira , Lloyd-Williams Huw , Lawrence Catherine L , Edwards Rhiannon T
Published: August 2024

Chapter 4 focuses on the well-being and well-becoming of adolescents and young adults. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood involves biological and psychological development and maturation. This chapter explores the following domains of adolescent well-being: good health and optimum nutrition; connectedness, positive values, and contribution to society; safety and a supportive environment; learning, competence, education, skills, and employability; and agency and resilience. This chapter presents systematic review evidence and cost-effectiveness evidence where relevant, for example, relating to school-based physical activity interventions and mental health support interventions. Promoting healthy behaviour during this life-course stage can establish a pattern of healthy lifestyle behaviours that individuals carry into adulthood. This chapter also considers the costs of late intervention in children and young people. The chapter concludes with curiosity questions for the reader to consider.
China: Legal Reform and Legal Divergence
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores legislative reform, administrative reform, judicial reform, and reform of the legal profession in China since the country introduced the ‘Reform and Opening-up’ policy in 1978. It is argued that Chinese legal reform is a top-down process of the party-state. China has carried out comprehensive legal reform, resulting in the creation of a sophisticated legal system. Chinese legal reform is the political elite’s exceptional project to create a distinctive Chinese socialist legal model divergent from liberal legal models. Chinese legal exceptionalism stems from the achievements of legal and economic development, and China’s rise as a global power.
Vietnam: Legal Reform and Legal Convergence
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores legislative reform, administrative reform, judicial reform, and reform of the legal profession in Vietnam since the country launched the economic reform policy known as Renovation in 1986. Initiated and led by the Communist Party of Vietnam, Vietnam has undertaken comprehensive legal reform, leading to the creation of a highly sophisticated legal system. In contrast to Chinese legal exceptionalism, the law reform project in Vietnam indicates the political elites’ universal intention to align the Vietnamese legal system with global legal standards. Vietnamese legal universalism is shaped by the country’s international integration and the international movement of law and development.