bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight on the possible use of black shales for geological storage of radioactive wastes
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the natural materials before and after appropriate physicochemical treatments. The samples were collected at different depths from the outcrop Lamsied located in the Tarfaya-Boujdour basin. This work concerns a mineralogical and geochemical characterization of local black shale. For instance, mineralogical and granulometric analysis showed that the local black shale is composed essentially of calcite, and the texture does not depend neither on the depth nor on the lithology. The distribution of stable elements such as rare earth elements (RRE) and other trace and major elements was determined. Different techniques of analysis were used for the characterization of the samples. Enrichment or depletion of major elements was observed. NASC-normalized REE patterns revealed a heavy REE (HREE) enrichment, a light REE (LREE) depletion, a positive Eu anomaly and a negative Ce anomaly. The result indicates reduction conditions. Results of correlation analysis suggest the association of La, Ce, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu with terrigenous minerals and of Eu, Sm and Tm with carbonates and TOC (total organic carbon).
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and singlet oxygen generation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin as a potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

Singlet oxygen is a valuable reactive oxygen species known for its effective action on the elimination of cancers and age-related eye disease such as macular degeneration. In this study, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The λmax for the Soret and Q bands were 417 nm and 514, 547, 589 and 646 (nm) respectively. The estimated singlet oxygen yield (φΔ) for the porphyrin was higher than some literature reports, suggesting a stronger potential of the porphyrin for the photosensitizing photodynamic treatment of cancer and other related human disorders.
Efficient removal of dyes in textile effluents using aluminum-based coagulant
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of aluminum-based coagulant on textile wastewater quality. Taking into account the environmental and economic factor, aluminum chloride was employed individually on wastewater as well as in combination with alum to remove the COD, turbidity and color. Four batches of 50 mL of wastewater were prepared then, 5 mL of AlCl3 and 1 mL alum was added in first batch named treatment T1. To optimize the treatment process for maximum reduction of COD, color and turbidity, dose of coagulants was increased by 5 mL of AlCl3 and 1 mL of alum per batch labeled with (T2, T3, T4) at original pH 9. Further study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pH on removal of color, turbidity and COD. Consequences of each treatment reveals that maximum reduction was obtained with neutral pH values as compared to pH 3, 9 and 11. Treatment T3 presented remarkable results, 98% reduction in both COD and color whereas, 99% in turbidity was observed at pH 7. Results demonstrated the effective application of aluminum-based coagulant to treat the textile wastewater.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RESOLUSI KONFLIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI FISIKA
Authors: Wisic Mega Ilyasa
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh model pembelajaran resolusi konflik terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi fisika. Penulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih kurangnya pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran fisika. Untuk itu perlu ada upaya yang dapat mengatasi permasalah tersebut dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran resolusi konflik. Model resolusi konflik merupakan kemampuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam menyikapi dan memecahkan serta mengambil tindakan terhadap berbagai fenomena dan masalah-masalah social budaya yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakatnya (lokal, regional, nasional, dan internasional) dengan bersandar pada nilai-nilai dan budaya masyarakat dimana mereka hidup dan berkembang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yaitu studi kepustakaan dengan mengkaji beberapa literature untuk dianalisis dan dibuat kesimpulan. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh model pembelajaran resolusi konflik pada materi fisika dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan yang ditemui dalam proses belajar mengajar terutama terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution onto modified Hiswa iron-kaolin clay: Equilibrium and thermodynamic aspects
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

In view of promising adsorption efficiency of clay based materials, a modified iron-kaolin clay was used as an adsorbent of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial metal ions concentration, contact time, temperature and pH were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data at different temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were 76.92 and 75.19 (mg/g), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as the change of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were also calculated and it was found that the lead and cadmium ions uptake by modified kaolin clay is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Kaolin and bentonite catalysts efficiencies for the debutylation of 2-tert-butylphenol
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

Yemeni clays (bentonite and kaolin) were used as catalysts and catalysts supported metals ions Ce, Pt, Pt-Ce, Pd, Pd-Ce, for the debutylation reaction of 2-tert-butylphenol. The two clays were characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy, particle size analyzer and N2-BET adsorption method. The activity of debutylation reaction was found to depend on the type of the catalyst. Kaolin based catalysts were more active than those bentonite based. The Selectivity of the catalysts was found to depend on the type of treatment that each catalyst was subjected to. The catalysts that were treated by calcination were more selective towards phenol formation (debutylation reaction of 2-tertbutylphenol), while those treated by reduction were more selective toward the formation of 4-tert-butylphenol (isomerization reaction of 2-tertbutylphenol).
The Relationship Between Primary School Students’ Social Skills and Attitudes towards Social Studies Course and Their Academic Achievement
Authors: Şener Nurcan
Published: June 2021

In the current study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between fourth grade students’ social skills, their attitudes towards Social Studies course and their academic achievement. In line with the purpose, the present research adopted a convergent parallel design, one of the mixed type research methods. Quantitative data were collected from 172 fourth grade students who were enrolled in state school in İstanbul. The quantitative phase of the study conducted using ‘Social Skills Evaluation Scale’ and ‘The Attitude Scale Towards Fourth- Grade Social Studies Course.’ The qualitative data were collected from 30 students through simple random sampling method. ‘Structured Interview Form’ was employed in order to collect qualitative data. Analysis of the quantitative data included simple linear regression while the analysis of qualitative data included content analysis. Results showed that social skills and students’ attitudes towards Social Studies courses were a low-level, significant and positive predictor of their academic achievement.
Phytoremediation potential of Typha latifolia and water hyacinth for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

This study demonstrates the phytoremediation prospective of Typha latifolia (TL) and water Hyacinth (WH) in industrial wastewater treatment. A comparative study was done to evaluate the percentage removal of turbidity (Tu), electrical conductivity (EC), color (Col), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from industrial wastewater by using Typha latifolia and water Hyacinth with respect to uptake time and with different concentrations of industrial wastewater. The experimental results showed that Typha latifolia has performed extremely well in removing the 90.03% Tu, 82.31% EC, 95.98% Col, 92.01% Fe, 87.78% Cu and 75.81% Zn from 20% industrial wastewater during 16 days of experimental period. Results also showed that the maximum percentage removal of selected heavy metals by Typha latifolia follow the order Fe > Cu > Zn from 20 % industrial wastewater at 16-day experiment. Water Hyacinth showed best result for removing 64.15% Tu, 62.19% EC, 50.29% Col, 54.15% Fe and 70.17% Cu from 15% industrial wastewater during 12 days experiment but it has performed extremely well in removing the 85.97% Zn from 20% industrial wastewater after 16 days of experimental period.
Pendidikan Islam KH. Hasyim Asy'ari
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Dhafa
Published: June 2021

Banyak pemikiran para tokoh pendidikan di dunia, bahkan di negeri kita tercinta Indonesia sendiri, yang menjadi acuan bagi para praktisi pendidikan di Indonesia, baik pendidikan di bidang umum maupun agama, khususnya agama Islam. Salah satu dari beberapa tokoh pendidikan agama Islam yang terkemuka di Indonesia ialah K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari, yang mana pemikirannya tentang pendidikan menjadi pandangan banyak terlahir pendidik berkualitas yang ilmunya belajar dari beliau.Sesosok ulama yang satu ini sudah begitu akrab di telinga umat Islam Indonesia khususnya, karena beliau K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari merupakan pendiri organisasi Islam terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Nahdlatul ulama. Akan tetapi ketokohan dan keharuman nama beliau bukan hanya karena aktivitas dakwah beliau sebagai pendiri NU, ini juga karena beliau termasuk pemikir dan pembaharuan pendidikan Islam.K.H Hasyim Asy’ari sendiri juga seorang pendidik profesional yang terkenal dengan ilmunya, kharismanya, dan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang didirikannya yaitu Pesantren Tebuireng, Jawa Timur. Dari pemikirannya yang tertulis dalam kitab karangannya berjudul “Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta’allim fima Yahtaj Ila al-Muta’alim fi Ahuwal Ta’allum wa ma Yataqaff al-Mu’allim fi Maqamat Ta’limi”, berisi tentang konsep pendidikan yang banyak ditekankan pada etika akhlak dalam pendidikan.Seperti yang dikatakan seorang ilmuwan yang cukup terkenal yakni Albert Einstein bahwa Pengetahuan tanpa agama adalah buta dan agama tanpa pengetahuan adalah pincang. Pernyataan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa agama dan ilmu pengetahuan tidak dapat dipertentangkan karena keduanya merupakan kedua hal yang perlu disatukan untuk membuat manusia berada dalam kemajuan namun sekaligus tetap religius.
Berlin crisis 1945-1961. How does American diplomacy in Germany reflect the overall scope of American foreign policy during the first phase of the Cold War?
Authors: Peran Mitchell
Published: June 2021

The United States was so determined to resist the Soviet threat that it would go as far as to break international laws and commit espionage in Berlin to advance its goals. The contentious standoff that nearly resulted in war would be overshadowed by the Cuban Missile Crisis one year later in 1962. Regardless, American foreign policy formed in Berlin was reflective of the American approach to the global conflicts during the decades of the Cold War. The United States would formulate its foreign policy at the start of the Cold War during the division of Germany into zones of occupation, which led to the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, and continued to focus its efforts on demolishing the Berlin Wall, and subsequently uniting the city and Germany. These goals of American foreign policy were accomplished in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Berlin and Germany, with the end of the Cold War occurring shortly thereafter.
Identification of Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Halder Soma , Rahman Ekhlasur , Sarker Mst Mukta , Mone Fabia Hannan , Roy Kuntal , Tajkia Gule
Published: June 2021

Enteric fever remains a major public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh. Improvement in the health facility, vaccination, and health-related awareness program the incidence of enteric fever among children is not decreased. The study aimed to find out the risk factors for enteric fever in hospitalized children in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to identify the risk factors in children residing in Dhaka city. We enrolled 50 enteric fever cases as a case group and 50 age-matched febrile patients as a control group. Result: Out of 50 cases, 2 patients were below one year and most of them were pre-school aged 26(52%). Univariate analysis showed that enteric fever is more who take food with the help of the mother and caregiver (OR=7.1); 95% CI= 26.7 -61.3) and never or rarely wash hands before preparing food and before feeding (OR= 5.7; 95% CI= 23.2 -52.8). Cases were eating outdoors at the mobile food vendors and consuming ice-cream regularly (OR=2.28; 95% CI=1- 39) whereas the control group also took street food but less frequently. Conclusion: Enteric fever is an exclusive food and water-borne systemic disease and one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Not only overcrowding, unsafe drinking water are the common risk factors but also hand washing both children and caregiver, poor food habit is the important risk factors. So, health education to children and food handlers may reduce the incidence of enteric fever in children.
An Investigation of Prospective Teachers' Use of the Turkish Language in Social Media
Authors: KARALI Yalçın , AYDEMİR Hasan , ŞEN Mert
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Not only in daily conversations, official correspondence, and educational settings but also on social media platforms, the correct usage of language by prospective teachers has become a necessity of the age. Twitter, which is used by many people to express their feelings, opinions, etc., is used actively by prospective teachers as well. The present study aimed to investigate the grammatical errors in prospective classroom teachers’ tweets. Method: The study employed the case study method, one of the qualitative research methods. The data were analyzed through the document analysis method. A total of three hundred tweets posted by 30 prospective teachers were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The grammatical errors to look for in the tweets were determined based on the learning outcomes related to grammar rules specified in the Turkish Language Curriculum designed for primary schools (2019). Findings: Considering the overall results, the vast majority of tweets contained grammatical errors. It was also determined that the grammatical errors were similar in terms of their types. Punctuation errors, inverted sentences, spelling errors, and capitalization errors were some common grammatical errors. On the other hand, misspelled numbers, incorrect abbreviations, and the use of 'reinforced words' (words with a prefix to add emphasis) were rare grammatical errors. When the results were analyzed according to genders, it was found that males' tweets contained more grammatical errors than those of females. In both genders, punctuation errors, inverted sentences, misspellings, and incorrect capitalization were common grammatical errors. On the other hand, misspelled numbers, incorrect abbreviations, and the use of 'reinforced words' (words with a prefix to add emphasis) were rare grammatical errors. In conclusion, it can be said that a majority of tweets posted by prospective teachers contained grammatical errors and these grammatical errors were similar in terms of their types. Implications for Research and Practice: Also, similar studies can be carried out on the use of written language on other social media platforms such as YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook, which also have millions of users.
Fe(OH)3/kaolinite nanoplatelets: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

Development of a sustainable route for preparation Fe(OH)3/kaolinite nanoplatelets from Batin El-Ghoul clay deposits, south Jordan with uniform plate-like morphology. Fe(OH)3/kaolinite nanoplatelets is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Effects of pH solution, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process were examined. The Langmuir isotherm model is the best fit model to predict the experimental data and the adsorption capacity. Maximum adsorption capacity on Langmuir isotherm was 370.37 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the negative values of ΔGo and the positive value of ΔHo, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results revealed that Fe(OH)3/kaolinite is promising for the removal of metal ions from effluents.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MAN 1 MERANGIN
Authors: Ariyani Rika
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana penerapan teknologi informasi dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MAN 1 Merangin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di MAN 1 Merangin dengan subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, guru-guru, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan: observasi langsung, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: penerapan teknologi informasi dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan berupa penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi seperti elektronik power point, LCD proyektor, dan juga buku paket elektronik. Hambatan penerapan teknologi informasi diantaranya kurangnya sarana dan prasarana pendukung, kurangnya kompetensi guru dalam memanfaatkan berbagai fasilitas IT, keterbatasan biaya dan juga tenaga operasional. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah meliputi: melengkapi sarana dan prasarana, memberikan motivasi kepada guru-guru, dan mengikutsertakan guru-guru dalam workshop maupun pelatihan-pelatihan.
Statistical Software Programs Used for Business Research
Authors: Ozgur Ceyhun , Jha Sanjeev , Shen Yiming
Published: June 2021

In this paper we discuss software programs used for teaching business courses and used in business research. The software programs used are MATLAB, R Studio, Microsoft Excel, SPSS, SAS and Python. This paper goes into details about the functions of each software program and how each program is proficient and programmed for different areas of research. Using tables and figures, we discuss the ease of use per program, the difficulty based on a scale for beginner uses, the storage capacity of each programming language, the availability to business students and researchers and how applicable each program is with a basic knowledge of how to use it. The cost of each statically programing package is also covered. The detailed functions of the various programs are covered in Figures throughout and tables through the paper as well. It is a well-known fact that MATLAB, R, Python, Excel, SPSS and SAS are the most important five languages to be learned for data analysis.
In detail explanation for the “Proof of the Twin Prime Conjecture” and its applications to thermal physics
Authors: Wijesuriya K.H.K. Geerasee
Published: June 2021

Twin prime numbers are two prime numbers which have the difference equals to exactly 2. In other words, twin primes is a pair of two prime numbers which have the value of the difference exactly two. Sometimes the word “twin prime” is used for a pair of twin primes; an another name for this is considered as “prime twin” or called as “prime pair”. Up to date there is no any exact proof/disproof for twin prime conjecture since roughly 200 years in the world. Through this research paper, my attempt is to provide a valid proof for twin prime conjecture. This new paper is the detailed explanation of my previous paper that I completed on mid of the year 2020 titled as ‘Proof of Twin Prime Conjecture that can be obtained by using Contradiction method in Mathematics’ (WHICH IS WELL-RECONGNIZED ALL OVER THE WORLD through researchgate as well). And this proof of the existence of infinitely many twin primes can be applied to many subject areas in Physics, Chemistry and etc. And the proof of twin prime conjecture can be used to solve several unsolved problems in Physics, Chemistry and etc as well. Also as an additional result, at the end of this research paper, it discusses about an application of the Proof of Twin Prime Conjecture to the Quantum and Thermal Physics. There, this research paper consider three space volumes symbolized as area A , B and C. Inside areas A and B there are microscopic particles separately. By applying the proof of the twin prime conjecture, finally this will try to conclude that although the areas A and B have separated by area C, there are some particles those have moved from the area B to area A (due to the high thermal pressure of area B).
The Embodiment of Light
Authors: Vegt Wim
Published: June 2021

As children one of the first epiphanies we learn, when we go to school, are the three States of Aggregations of water. The amazing effect that ice, water and steam are all the same. Just water in three different states. This concept version claims that like water, there are three different States of Aggregations of Light. Compared to water: Like ice is the solid state of water, Light is the solid State of Light. Matter is the First State of Light, bounded by the Electromagnetic Force and Gravity (which is the secondary effect of confined Light). Like water is the liquid state, the free light we already know from the day we were born is the second State of Aggregation of Light. Free Light is the Second State of Light of light and can travel freely through space. cannot travel through matter because light has been bounded and confined by the electromagnetic force. Like steam is the gaseous state of water, the Third State of Light is the unknown State of Light. The state in which light can travel feely through matter and is invisible for our physical world. The light which does not interact with our measurements and physical experiments because this state of light is free of the confining electromagnetic force. The light which travels with the infinite speed because this is the light without inertia. This invisible world of the Third State of Light has been called the Spiritual World. The world of the Soul. The world of feelings. The world of thoughts. The world from which we really see and hear and feel and experience. The world where we were before we were born and the same world where we will be after we pass away. This is the world excluded till now by science.
Synthesis and characterization of alkyl polyglucoside surfactant: A pilot tool to industrial applications
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

In this study, alkyl polyglucoside surfactant was synthesized and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined. The synthesized product was quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The CMC of the surfactant was evaluated using UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was obtained from the sharp break in the plot of absorbance measurements versus surfactant concentration. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant was found to be 0.50 mol/dm3. This result showed a precise value for the CMC of non-ionic surfactant; since the value of the CMC obtained was lower than the stock solution of the surfactant prepared. The standard change in Gibbs free energy of the micelle (ΔGoCMC) showed that the process was feasible and spontaneous having the value of − 1.716 kJ/mol. This study recommends that akyl polyglucoside should be widely used for both domestic and industrial processes in view of the environmentally friendly nature, which are safe to use partially.
Solvatochromism and halochromism of some furo/pyrazole cyanine dyes
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

In this study, the electronic absorption spectra of some furo[2,3-b]pyrazole cyanine dyes was recorded and investigated in a number of 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), D.M.F (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), CC14 (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)], mixed solvents [DMF- H2O] and/or in a series of 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values [1.65, 2.32, 4.62, 5.85, 6.41, 7.82, 9.61 and 11.63 units] to evaluate their solvatochromic and/or halochromic properties, respectively. The study covers different types of cyanine dyes, it includes monomethine cyanine dyes (simple cyanine dyes), dimethine cyanine dyes and tetramethine cyanine dyes.
Modeling of Azadirachta indica leaves powder efficiency for the remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

A regression analysis model was developed to examine the reliability and the acceptability of the sun-dried and room-dried Azadirachta indica leaves for the remediation crude oil contaminated soil in Niger Deltal, Nigeria. An experimental approach was used to monitor the concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation that was enhanced in the presence of the microbes in the reactor. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate the reaction behavior microbes in reactor for the remediation of the TPH in the presence of sun-dried and room-dried A. indica leaves in sandy and loamy soils contaminated with 100 ml of crude oil. The physicochemical properties of control loamy soil was as; pH (6.75), electric conductivity (10.36 μS/cm), total oxygen (2.99%), total Nitrogen (0.091%), potassium (36.82942%), phosphorus (15.36%) and total bacteria (2.15×102 cfu/g). Whereas, these values were as pH (6.82), electric conductivity (21.48 μS/cm), total oxygen content (1.18%), total nitrogen (0.036%), potassium (24.03681%), phosphorus (5.18%) and total bacteria count (1.86×102 cfu/g) for sandy soil. The inoculant was prepared by blending sun-dried and room-dried A. indica leaves. The blended A. indica leaves in 50 to 100 g range were applied on the polluted soils for 35 days and significant reduction in contaminating agents was observed. The highest remediation was observed in soils treated with 100 g room dried A. indica leaves. A 96% remediation recorded in sandy soil treated with 100 g room dried A. indica leaves as TPH depleted from 35818.69 mg/kg to 1349.109 mg/kg and 92% reduction was observed in loamy soil treated with 100 g dried A. indica leaves and TPH depleted from 48508.92 mg/kg to 3977.739 mg/kg. The regression model developed was successfully employed to predict TPH remediation behavior, which can be applied to monitor remediation of contaminated soil.
Mineral contents of Ethiopian red and green apple fruits: A comparison with WHO/FAO standards
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro essential and non-essential minerals in apple fruits collected from farmland in Wollega, Chencha, Ankober (Ethiopia) and Addis Ababa which are imported to Ethiopia from South Africa and Israel. Samples were wet-digested using 3 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 for 2:15 hours at 210 oC. Selected metals (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The validity of optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples and recoveries were in 90.8-106% range. The mean concentration range (mg/kg) of metal in fruit samples were Ca (1065-36275, 1013-36143), Mg (27-153, 78.3-139), Fe (103-276, 123-241), Mn (13.5-13.7, 11.5-16.3), Cu (5.13-6.56, 4.11-12.6), Al (77.8-129, 52.5-89.6), Zn (41.3-73.6, 47.4-54.4), Cr (6.15-10.04, 6.57-7.14), Co (6.57-7.14, 1.70-2.35), Ni (1.33-2.37, 1.43-7.66), respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected. Analysis of variance showed significant difference (p = 0.05) in the levels of Cu, Al and Co among sampling sites in green apple fruit while all the other metals did not show significance difference. Red apple fruit showed a significance difference in the levels of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Co metal while the other metals showed insignificance differences. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated strong, moderate and weak correlation between different pairs of metals in both the green and red apples.
ベトナムの大学の最も高生産性な科学者
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri
Published: June 2021

ベトナムの大学の最も高生産性な科学者を紹介します。
Emergency Remote Teaching during COVID-19: A Comparison of Student Perceptions
Authors: Fuchs Kevin
Published: June 2021

The pandemic has shaken up the higher education landscape around the world, with responses from institutions falling into three categories: retaining in-class teaching with social distancing, adopting hybrid models (blended learning, limiting the number of students on campus), or transitioning to fully online teaching. However, there is a significant difference between emergency remote teaching and a genuine shift to online/hybrid learning, with the key distinguishing term being “emergency.” In response to the global pandemic, the higher education community is now working on the continuous development of action plans in a quest to identify means to manage the crisis more efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perceived performance of ERT from the perspective of undergraduate students. For that purpose, samples (n=332) were taken in two different geographical settings, i.e., Thailand and Sweden. Moreover, it is the objective to compare both samples and identify similarities and inadequacies which help stakeholders to manage ERT more efficiently in the future.
Chemistry of selected drugs for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition: Tested in vitro and approved by the FDA
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus belongs to many species of viruses that cause multiple diseases for mankind and different animals. Several coronaviruses are well-known to cause respiratory tract infection in human beings, starting from common colds with effective infection. COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019), which mainly attacks the respiratory system. In this research, we are focusing on the up-to-date used medications to treat COVID-19. The presented medications were approved by many governmental administrations and also tested in many trails.
Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Bougainvillea leaves aqueous extract and antibacterial activity evaluation
Authors: Chemistry International CI
Published: June 2021

The aim of present study is based on low cost, efficient, non-toxic and eco-friendly method for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Bougainvillea leaves aqueous extract. The green synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to characterization techniques UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized CuONPs were pure, predominantly spherical with sizes ranges from 8-20 nm. CuONPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, E. coli and E. faecalis exhibited the highest sensitivity to CuONPs while Staphylococcus aureus was the least sensitive. Possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CuONPs should be further investigated.
A Real-Time Machine Learning Based Public Transport Bus-Passenger Information System
Authors: Skhosana Menzi , Ezugwu Absalom
Published: June 2021

The era of Big Data and the Internet of Things is upon us, and it is time for developing countries to take advantage of and pragmatically apply these ideas to solve real-world problems. Many problems faced daily by the public transportation sector can be resolved or mitigated through the collection of appropriate data and application of predictive analytics. In this body of work, we are primarily focused on problems affecting public transport buses. These include the unavailability of real-time information to commuters about the current status of a given bus or travel route; and the inability of bus operators to efficiently assign available buses to routes for a given day based on expected demand for a particular route. A cloud-based system was developed to address the aforementioned. This system is composed of two subsystems, namely a mobile application for commuters to provide the current location and availability of a given bus and other related information, which can also be used by drivers so that the bus can be tracked in real-time and collect ridership information throughout the day, and a web application that serves as a dashboard for bus operators to gain insights from the collected ridership data. These were integrated with a machine learning model trained on collected ridership data to predict the daily ridership for a given route. Our novel system provides a holistic solution to problems in the public transport sector, as it is highly scalable, cost-efficient and takes full advantage of the currently available technologies in comparison with other previous work in this topic.
Each is to count for one and none for more than one: Predictors of support for economic redistribution
Authors: Lin Chien-An , Bates Timothy Charles
Published: June 2021

While theory predicts fairness motivates support for redistribution, tests have yielded near-zero effects. Here we propose the relevant evolved fairness motive operates within the community sharing relation, experienced as a unity motive to treat “all as one and none as more than one”. Study 1 (N = 403) supported this model, with a moderate (𝛽 = .15 CI[.06, .23]) significant effect of a communal fairness measure on support for redistribution, incremental to effects of compassion, envy, and self-interest. Study 2 (N=402) replicated with larger effect (𝛽 = .25 CI[.17, .33]). As distribution involves means as well as ends, we tested support for redistribution by coercive means. In both study 1 and 2, support for coercion was predicted by “ends justify the means” intuitions (instrumental harm: 𝛽 = .21 CI[.12, .31)] and .16 CI[.08, .25]). Communal fairness also predicted willingness to coerce (𝛽 = .15 CI[.05 .24] and .32 CI[.23 .41]). These five psychological motives accounted for 45% of support for redistribution, suggesting considerable value for political, economic, evolutionary, and ethical theory.
Statistics in the Service of Science: Don't let the Tail Wag the Dog
Authors: Singmann Henrik , Kellen David , Cox Gregory Edward , Chandramouli Suyog , Davis-Stober Clintin P , Dunn John C , Gronau Quentin Frederik , Kalish Michael , McMullin Sara D , Navarro Danielle , Shiffrin Rich
Published: June 2021

Statistical modeling is generally meant to describe patterns in data in service of the broader scientific goal of developing theories to explain those patterns. Statistical models support meaningful inferences when models are built so as to align parameters of the model with potential causal mechanisms and how they manifest in data. When statistical models are instead based on assumptions chosen by default, Attempts to draw inferences can be uninformative or even paradoxical—in essence, the tail is trying to wag the dog.These issues are illustrated by van Doorn et al. (in press) in the context of using BayesFactors to identify effects and interactions in linear mixed models. We show that the problems identified in their applications can be circumvented by using priors over inherently meaningful units instead of default priors on standardized scales. This case study illustrates how researchers must directly engage with a number of substantive issues in order to support meaningful inferences, of which we highlight two: The first is the problem of coordination, which requires a researcher to specify how the theoretical constructs postulated by a model are functionally related to observable variables. The second is the problem of generalization, which requires a researcher to consider how a model may represent theoretical constructs shared across similar but non-identical situations, along with the fact that model comparison metrics like Bayes Factors do not directly address this form of generalization. For statistical modeling to serve the goals of science, models cannot be based on default assumptions, but should instead be based on an understanding of their coordination function and on how they represent causal mechanisms that may be expected to generalize to other related scenarios.
Support from Parents, Teachers, and Peers is differently associated with School Students’ Well-Being
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Kulakow Stefan , Hufenbach Miriam C.
Published: June 2021

Parents, teachers, and peers provide a powerful context for school students’ well-being.However, a detailed and systematic analysis of how parental, teacher, and peer support relate to students’ well-being, measured by the dimensions self-worth and psychological and physical well-being, is still missing. To address this research gap, the following study investigates 733 adolescent German students from grades 7 and 8 (Mage = 13.97, SD = 0.41, 52% girls) with respect to their perceived supportive relationships at home and within the school context. The study considers gender, socioeconomic status, and school form as potential confounders. The results of the structural equation model, analysed with the statistical software R, indicate that perceived teacher support was positively related to students’ self-worth and physical well-being, while peer support was related to psychological well-being. Students who perceived their parents as supportive reported higher well-being with respect to all three dimensions investigated.
Pre-stimulus fluctuations in heart-synchronised neural activity predict subsequent self-association with affective word stimuli
Authors: Katyal Sucharit
Published: June 2021

We frequently associate ourselves with certain affective attributes (e.g., I am joyful, I am lazy, etc.) and not others. However, little is understood about how such self-associations come about. Interoceptive predictive theories propose that a sense of self, especially in an affective context, results from the brain making inferences about internal bodily states. A key prediction of these theories is that for an affective attribute to be self-associated, it would depend not only on the stimulus, but also non-stimulus-specific fluctuations in one’s bodily state; a hypothesis not yet tested. We measured EEG response synchronised to the cardiac cycle – a common way to measure interoceptive neural processing – prior to the presentation of pleasant and unpleasant adjectives to participants. Participants responded if the adjectives were self-descriptive or not. We found that cardiac-pulse-synchronised neural activity prior to the presentation of unpleasant adjectives predicted whether participants subsequently associated that adjective to themselves. This effect was observed over midfrontal scalp locations, commonly observed in interoceptive neural processing. No such effect was observed for pleasant adjectives, or by randomly shuffling the cardiac peak times to account for non-interoceptive neural differences. Our results confirm a key prediction of interoceptive predictive coding theories – that bodily signals are not just modulated in response to self-related and affective arousal, but that a subjective sense of affective self arises due to neural processing of bodily signals. Our results have important implications for many neuropsychiatric disorders that involve altered self-referential processing of unpleasant stimuli.
Dyslexia in the Context of Social Work: Screening and Early Intervention
Authors: Schelbe Lisa , Pryce Jessica , Petscher Yaacov , Fien Hank , Stanley Christopher , Gearin Brian , Gaab Nadine
Published: June 2021

Dyslexia, the most common learning disability, is associated with poor academic, economic, vocational, and health outcomes. Disproportionately, dyslexia is undiagnosed and untreated in children who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) or who live in poverty. Early identification of and subsequent interventions for children at risk for dyslexia can effectively mitigate poor outcomes. While screening and interventions largely occur in schools, social workers across practice contexts have responsibilities to address dyslexia: identifying, referring, educating, and advocating. Social workers should address dyslexia to promote equity and improve quality of life and various outcomes across the life course. This paper describes dyslexia, early screening, and interventions; dyslexia as a social justice issue; and social workers’ roles in addressing dyslexia.
Personality Psychology
Authors: Roberts Brent , Yoon Heejun Roy
Published: June 2021

Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the Annual Review since 2001 (Funder, 2001). In this chapter, we seek to provide an update, while also providing a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: (a) describe what personality is—the units of analysis in the field; (b) document how it develops; (c) explain the processes of personality and why they affect functioning; and (d) provide a framework for understanding individuals and explaining their actions, feelings, and motivations. We review progress made over the last 20 years to address these four agendas and finish with a section highlighting future directions and ongoing challenges to the field.
Evidence for bidirectional causation between trait and mental state inferences
Authors: Lin Chujun , Thornton Mark Allen
Published: June 2021

To navigate the social world, people must understand each other’s momentary thoughts and feelings (mental states) and enduring personalities (traits). How do people make trait and mental state inferences in the real world? Prior research has artificially separated these two processes, primarily studying each topic on its own. However, in real life, these two processes constantly co-occur and rely on partially overlapping information. It is likely that people inform one type of inferences with the other. Here we investigate this possibility using naturalistic paradigms, statistical learning, and stimulus optimization techniques. We first demonstrated the correlation between trait and mental state inferences of targets in naturalistic videos (Study 1) and familiar others in real life (Study 2). Targets perceived to have similar traits were judged to experience various mental states with similar frequencies. We showed that this association was causal in two experiments. Learning that two people experienced similar mental states across a range of situations caused participants to attribute similar traits to them (Study 3). Conversely, observing two people had similar traits caused participants to attribute similar mental states to them across a range of situations (Study 4). Together, these four preregistered studies (total N = 762) reveal that trait and mental state inferences continually run in parallel and that people rely on others’ enduring traits to predict their momentary states, and vice versa. These findings highlight that biases in trait impressions may distort understanding of others’ situation-specific states, and others’ uncharacteristic states may influence judgments of their enduring traits.
Government Policies, Financial Scopes and Technological Usages for Agricultural Development and Post-Harvest Loss Reduction in Algeria
Authors: Djihad Tria , Alghorbany Abdelkader , Bin Muhamad Azim Izzuddin , Alam Md. Mahmudul
Published: June 2021

Agriculture is considered to be a vital aspect of Algeria’s national economy and rural development. Achieving sustainable agricultural production, generating employment, reducing imports and minimising post-harvest crops losses are the major objectives of the Algerian government. However, based on the evaluation of existing policies, this study found that poor governance is hampering the agriculture sector, particularly in terms of management of financial resources, where most financial investments are made only for short-term gains. The lack of awareness about the importance of post-harvest practices and lack of using modern technology threaten the growth of this sector. Adopting sound post-harvest methods can reduce food losses and wastage in every stage of the food supply chain, and integration of modern techniques, skilled labour, and education training systems are very important if agriculture in Algeria is to progress.
Museums at the Crossroads: Between Digitality, Reality, and COVID-19
Authors: Giannini Tula , Bowen Jonathan P.
Published: June 2021

When Covid-19 rushed into our lives, it sent shockwaves across the globe – suddenly we faced “lockdown” – we said goodbye to the way it was but did not understand what this brave new world of isolation and separation would mean and how it would the impact life as we knew it – our identity, relationships and freedoms we enjoyed, and wondered what daily routine post-Covid-19 would look like, while the experiences defining life itself were up for grabs. With social distancing, masks and work from home mandates, the arts and performing arts from theatres, museums, galleries and the public square were shuttered – their very existence challenged and spiralling out of control as staff were laid-off, exhibitions cancelled while concurrently creating an urgency to go online to dwell in cyberspace, the new daily destination.
Clasificación de Ecosistemas Intelectuales
Authors: Álvarez-Rojas Christian
Published: June 2021

A partir de la clasificación lectoescritural, propongo otras clasificaciones posibles, manteniendo el interés en la explicación del distinto grado de circulación de ideas, considerando al mismo tiempo estos criterios como una herramienta metodológica sin pretensiones de agotar las posibilidades de los EI realmente existentes, sino como posibilidades de análisis «en principio» que permitan compararlos a través del tiempo y de espacios geográficos.
Business Analytics untuk Perguruan Tinggi: Studi Kasus Atas Pembukaan Program Studi Baru di UHAMKA
Authors: Wijiharjono Nuryadi
Published: June 2021

This title of article is Business Analytics for Higher Education Institutions. By taking a case study at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka (UHAMKA), this article aims to analyze and provide recommendations for the plan to establish a new academic of undergraduate degree program. Analysis of the institutional and technical environment that affects the legitimacy and sustainability of the university. This study uses the SWOT analysis method in the perspective of Business Analytics, where data availability plays a key role.