bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Not a Particularly Happy Expression”: “Malayanization” and the China Threat in Britain's Late-Colonial Southeast Asian Territories
Authors: Taylor Jeremy E.
Published: August 2019

Drawing on archival sources in Britain, Singapore, Malaysia, and the United States, this article explores late-colonial anxieties about the influence of Chinese nationalism in Malaya (and especially among students in Chinese-medium schools) in the lead up to self-government in 1957. It demonstrates that the colonial fear of communism in Malaya was not always synonymous with the fear of cultural influence from “new China” and that the “rise of China” in the mid-1950s was viewed as a challenge to colonially sanctioned programs for “Malayanization.” More importantly, in exploring some of the ways in which the colonial state mobilized anti-communist cultural workers from Hong Kong to help counter the perceived threat from China, the article argues that more focus should be placed on the role of colonial agency in shaping “Sinophone” cultural expression in Southeast Asia during this period.
Gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure control in Nepalese adults: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Das Gupta Rajat , Shabab Haider Shams , Sutradhar Ipsita , Hasan Mehedi , Joshi Hemraj , Rifat Haider Mohammad , Sarker Malabika
Published: August 2019

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure (BP) control among the adult Nepalese population (≥18 years) using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A weighted sample of 13,393 adults (5620 males and 7773 females) was included in the final analysis. After conducting descriptive analyses with the selective explanatory variable, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The strength of the association was expressed in adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals. A higher proportion of women had their BP checked (87.7% females vs 73.0% males,p<0.001) and were aware of their raised BP (43.9% females vs 37.1% males,p<0.001) compared with men. Although female hypertensive individuals had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication use than their male counterparts (50.1% females vs 47.5% males), a higher proportion of male hypertensive participants had their BP controlled (49.2% females vs 53.5% males). Women with the poorest wealth index had a lower prevalence of antihypertensive use than their male counterparts. The odds of having their own BP measured increased with age among men but decreased with age among women. The household wealth index was positively associated with the odds of BP measurement, awareness of own BP and antihypertensive use. This study revealed that although women had a higher prevalence of hypertension awareness and antihypertensive medication use, the practice did not translate into better BP control. Inequality in antihypertensive medication use was observed among the poorest wealth quintiles. Public health programmes in Nepal should focus on reducing these inequalities. Further research is needed to learn why females have poorer control of BP, despite having higher antihypertensive medication use.
Simultaneous occurrence of hepatic alveolar and cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Ran B. , Wang M. , Jian W. , Jiang T. , Zhang R. , Guo Q. , Zhang W. , Wen H. , Shao Y. , Aji T.
Published: August 2019

The co-occurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is extremely rare. Here, we present the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of three cases with co-occurring CE and AE in the liver. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and 18FFluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-CT were used for preoperative diagnosis. Specimens were taken intraoperatively and sent for pathological studies to confirm the coexistence of CE and AE by laminated membrane, daughter cysts or germinal layer and infiltration structure. Albendazole was prescribed after operation for 12 months. All patients were completely recovered and showed no recurrence at last follow-up. Therefore, surgical intervention and postoperative application of albendazole are recommended for patients with concurrence of hepatic AE and CE.
Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution
Authors: Spickett A. , Junker K. , Froeschke G. , Haukisalmi V. , Matthee S.
Published: August 2019

Currently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n= 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.
First Results of the SkyMapper Transient Survey
Authors: Möller A. , Tucker B. E. , Armstrong P. , Chang S.-W. , Lowson N. , Onken C. A. , Panther F. , Ridden-Harper R. , Ruiter A. J. , Scalzo R. , Schmidt B. P. , Seitenzahl I. R. , Sommer N. E. , Wolf C. , Yuan F. , Zhang B.
Published: August 2019

The SkyMapper Transient survey (SMT) is exploring variability in the southern sky by performing (a) a rolling search to discover and study supernovæ, and (b) a Target of Opportunity programme that uses the robotic SkyMapper Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. The supernova survey is obtaining a non-targeted sample of Type Ia supernovæ (SNe Ia) at low redshifts, z < 0.1, and studying other interesting transients found with the search strategy. We have a Target of Opportunity programme with an automatic response mechanism to search for optical counterparts to gravitational-wave and fast radio-burst events; it benefits from SkyMapper’s large field of view of 5.7 sq. deg. and a rapid data reduction pipeline.

We present first results of the SMT survey. The SMT pipeline can process and obtain potential candidates within 12 hours of observation. It disentangles real transients from processing artefacts using a machine-learning algorithm. To date, SMT has discovered over 60 spectroscopically confirmed supernovæ, several peculiar objects, and over 40 SNe Ia including one (SNIa 2016hhd) which was found within the first few days of explosion. We have also participated in searches for optical counterparts of gravitational waves, fast radio bursts and other transients, and have published observations of the optical counterpart of the gravitational-wave event GW170817. We also participate in coordinated observations with the Deeper Wider Faster programme, and the Kepler K2 cosmology project.
The High-Cadence Transient Survey (HiTS): Early Supernova Light-Curves
Authors: Förster F.
Published: August 2019

Supernovae (SNe) are cosmic explosions which are usually represented in a small region of the luminosity–time-scale diagram when discussing the variable sky. However, there are different time-scales involved in the evolution of SNe that are not reflected by that representation. This talk reviewed some of the physical mechanisms driving the SN light-curve diversity, especially at early times. It then discussed our efforts in the astroinformatics laboratory at CMM and at MAS to discover very young SNe using large etendue telescopes such as Blanco/DECam; those efforts led to the real-time discovery of more than one hundred SNe, some of them very young, under the High cadence Transient Survey (HiTS). We showed that, by comparing hydrodynamical models in the literature with HiTS SNe using Markov Chain Monte Carlo to sample from the posterior in a Bayesian approach, we can constrain the physical parameters that are driving the early time-evolution of these events. We also discussed how these data are being used for different projects, such as the discovery of asteroids and variable stars, and for testing different machine-learning algorithms in an interdisciplinary approach.
Time-Domain Studies with Astrosat
Authors: Hutchings J. B.
Published: August 2019

Astrosat is a multi-instrument orbiting observatory that was launched in 2015 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The same field of view is observed simultaneously at wavelengths ranging from gamma ray to the optical blue. This talk described the observatory’s performance, with emphasis on time-domain studies, and gave examples of results.
OCTOCAM – a New Workhorse Instrument for Transient Follow-up at Gemini South
Authors: Thöne C. C. , de Ugarte Postigo A.
Published: August 2019

Octocam is an 8-channel VIS and NIR imager and spectrograph to be installed at Gemini South in 2022. It provides simultaneous imaging in g’,r’,i’,z,Y,J,H,KS bands or simultaneous spectroscopy at a resolution of ∼4000, together with high time-resolution options. Additional capabilities such as spectropolarimetry or an Integral Field Unit could be added as an upgrade later. These properties makes it very well suited as a follow-up instrument for transient searches. It is planned as a dedicated follow-up instrument for LSST, and will start operations at the same time as the LSST main survey. Octocam was conceived as a consortium consisting of South-West Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, IAA-CSIC in Granada, FRACTAL SLNE in Madrid, and George Washington University.
Probing Convective Mixing in Stellar Interiors with α Centauri A and B
Authors: Joyce M. , Chaboyer B.
Published: August 2019

The bright nearby binary α Centauri constitutes an excellent laboratory for testing stellar evolution models. The mass, radius, and luminosity of α Cen A and B are known to better than 1% accuracy thanks to recent interferometric and adaptive optical observations, and p-mode oscillations have been observed in both stars. We present new stellar models which fit simultaneously the classical and seismic observations, with particular emphasis on the convective mixing length parameter MLT – the adaptivity of which is necessary to fit the models to observations. The oscillation data provide an important constraint on the models, as the small frequency separation is sensitive to the composition gradient in the core of the stars, while the large frequency separation constrains the mean density of the stars, providing an independent check on the mass and radius.
First Results from Project SUNBIRD: Supernovæ UNmasked By Infra-Red Detection
Authors: Kool E. C. , Ryder S. D. , Kankare E. , Reynolds T. , Mattila S. , Pérez-Torres M. , McDermid R.
Published: August 2019

Measurements of current rates of core-collapse supernovæ (CCSNe) suffer from significant uncertainties, probably due to the large fraction of CCSNe that explode in crowded regions which have bright background emission and significant dust extinction. Conventional optical (seeing-limited) SN surveys generally fail to detect them, but including them is crucial to the accurate determination of CCSN rates. Project SUNBIRD aims to tighten the present constraints on the fraction of CCSNe that are missed by conventional SN surveys. We are monitoring more than 25 dusty luminous infrared galaxies that are actively star-forming, for evidence of dust-obscured CCSNe, in an effort to characterise the population of CCSNes exploding in those nuclear regions of dusty LIRGs. We observe in the near-infrared, which is less affected by dust extinction compared to the optical; we are using Gemini South and Keck, and we make use of state-of-the-art laser guide-star adaptive optics instruments to achieve a spatial resolution <0’.1, which is sufficient to resolve close to the galactic nucleus.

During the project’s first year we discovered three CCSNe and one candidate one, with nuclear offsets as small as 200 pc, as cited in the poster. Aggregating the new discoveries with the CCSNe found in previous programmes employing AO, we compared the distribution of nuclear offsets of AO CCSN discoveries with all other documented CCSNe discovered in LIRGs. The poster showed that our method is singularly effective at uncovering CCSNe in the nuclear regions of LIRGs, and that while optical surveys dominate SNe discoveries far from a galaxy’s centre, near infra-red AO observations are needed to probe the regions within 1 kpc of the nucleus.
Coupling Radioactive Waste Glass Dissolution Measurements in Generic Groundwaters With Reactive Transport Modeling of Repository Scenarios
Authors: Iwalewa T. M. , Farnan I.
Published: August 2019

The reliable simulation of radionuclide migration away from the near field of a geological repository for safety analyses requires a fundamental understanding of processes in the near field. We focus this study on investigating the behavior of UK MW25 waste glass (a nonradioactive simulant of U.K. Magnox glass) and other near‐field components in a geological repository over long periods of time. The approach used involved a two‐step process: waste glass dissolution measurements and modeling in potential repository groundwaters, and reactive transport simulation of radionuclide release and transport in the near field. The Stage 1 rate of MW25 measured in lower‐strength‐sedimentary‐rock groundwater was found to be slightly higher than that measured in higher‐strength‐rock groundwater. Experimental results show the critical role of groundwater chemistry on waste glass dissolution kinetics. Reactive transport model parameterization was accomplished by coupling direct laboratory measurements and literature data with transport processes. The results revealed that 79Se, 99Tc, and 237Np are the radionuclides that will have the greatest impact on the environment at long times. The performance assessment results show that the improvement afforded by the addition of a copper canister in the waste package, as opposed to having only a steel canister, is marginal and higher strength rock would be a more effective barrier at long time than lower strength sedimentary rock in terms of restricting the transport of the radionuclides. Our model provides deep insights into the contribution of waste glass durability and other near‐field components in the containment and retardation of radionuclide transport.
Role of Ammonia on the Feedback Between AWC and Inorganic Aerosol Formation During Heavy Pollution in the North China Plain
Authors: Ge Baozhu , Xu Xiaobin , Ma Zhiqiang , Pan Xiaole , Wang Zhe , Lin Weili , Ouyang Bin , Xu Danhui , Lee James , Zheng Mei , Ji Dongsheng , Sun Yele , Dong Huabin , Squires Freya Anne , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: August 2019

Atmospheric NH3 plays a vital role not only in the environmental ecosystem but also in atmosphere chemistry. To further understand the effects of NH3 on the formation of haze pollution in Beijing, ambient NH3 and related species were measured and simulated at high resolutions during the wintertime Air Pollution and Human Health‐Beijing (APHH‐Beijing) campaign in 2016. We found that the total NHx (gaseous NH3+particle NH4+) was mostly in excess of the SO42−‐NO3−‐NH4+‐water equilibrium system during our campaign. This NHx excess made medium aerosol acidity, with the median pH value being 3.6 and 4.5 for polluted and nonpolluted conditions, respectively, and enhanced the formation of particle phase nitrate. Our analysis suggests that NH4NO3 is the most important factor driving the increasing of aerosol water content with NO3− controlling the prior pollution stage and NH4+ the most polluted stage. Increased formation of NH4NO3 under excess NHx, especially during the nighttime, may trigger the decreasing of aerosol deliquescence relative humidity even down to less than 50% and hence lead to hygroscopic growth even under RH conditions lower than 50% and the wet aerosol particles become better medium for rapid heterogeneous reactions. A further increase of RH promotes the positive feedback “aerosol water content‐heterogeneous reactions” and ultimately leads to the formation of severe haze. Modeling results by Nested Air Quality Prediction Monitor System (NAQPMS) show the control of 20% NH3 emission may affect 5–11% of particulate matter PM2.5 formation under current emissions conditions in the North China Plain.
Hunting for Planets Around Old, Anemic Stars
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2019

Can a star make planets with 10% of what the Sun had to work with? A synergy between two powerhouse survey telescopes is helping astronomers find that answer.
Expansion of Coccidioidomycosis Endemic Regions in the United States in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Gorris Morgan E. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Zender Charles S. , Randerson James T.
Published: August 2019

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is a fungal disease endemic to the southwestern United States. Across this region, temperature and precipitation influence the extent of the endemic region and number of Valley fever cases. Climate projections for the western United States indicate that temperatures will increase and precipitation patterns will shift, which may alter disease dynamics. We estimated the area potentially endemic to Valley fever using a climate niche model derived from contemporary climate and disease incidence data. We then used our model with projections of climate from Earth system models to assess how endemic areas will change during the 21st century. By 2100 in a high warming scenario, our model predicts that the area of climate‐limited endemicity will more than double, the number of affected states will increase from 12 to 17, and the number of Valley fever cases will increase by 50%. The Valley fever endemic region will expand north into dry western states, including Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Precipitation will limit the disease from spreading into states farther east and along the central and northern Pacific coast. This is the first quantitative estimate of how climate change may influence Valley fever in the United States. Our predictive model of Valley fever endemicity may provide guidance to public health officials to establish disease surveillance programs and design mitigation efforts to limit the impacts of this disease.
Spectral Signatures of Adiabatic Electron Acceleration at Saturn Through Corotation Drift Cancelation
Authors: Sun Y. X. , Roussos E. , Krupp N. , Zong Q. G. , Kollmann P. , Zhou X. Z.
Published: August 2019

The energetic electron spectra of Saturn's radiation belts are studied using Cassini's 13 years of measurements by the Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument/Low Energy Magnetospheric Measurement System detector. We find that between L shells (L) of 10 and 4.5 the differential flux spectrum of 0.3‐ to 1.6‐MeV electrons evolves from a single power law to two power law functions separated at an energy cutoff (Ec). We show that inside L∼8, Ec has an L shell dependence that tracks consistently the energy of corotation drift cancelation (or resonance) ECDR, that is, the energy at which magnetic electron drifts and azimuthal corotation cancel, and is not associated with the absorbing effects of Saturn's moons. Ec also deviates from what conservation of the first adiabatic invariant would dictate. Our results verify that electrons around ECDR can be transported radially very efficiently by variable convective flows, such as those related to the noon‐midnight electric field in Saturn's magnetosphere.
Increasing Synchrony of Annual River‐Flood Peaks and Growing Season in Europe
Authors: Balke Thorsten , Nilsson Christer
Published: August 2019

In a changing climate, time sensitive ecological interactions such as pollination and predation are vulnerable to temporal mismatch with direct consequences for ecosystem functioning. It is not known if synchrony and asynchrony of ecological and physical processes such as flood disturbance and plant phenology may similarly be affected by climate change. Here, by spatially merging temperature and flood peak data, we show for the first time that in Central and Eastern Europe, annual river flood peaks increasingly occur within the thermal growing season. This is due to the combined effect of earlier spring onsets and later flood peaks. Such increased physical‐phenological synchrony may especially impact river biogeomorphology and riparian floodplain ecosystem functioning through uprooting of seedlings and increased hydraulic roughness during major flood events.
Energy Conversion and Electron Acceleration in the Magnetopause Reconnection Diffusion Region
Authors: Pritchard K. R. , Burch J. L. , Fuselier S. A. , Webster J. M. , Torbert R. B. , Argall M. R. , Broll J. , Genestreti K. J. , Giles B. L. , Le Contel O. , Mukherjee J. , Phan T. D. , Rager A. C. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J.
Published: August 2019

Data are analyzed from a Magnetospheric Multiscale encounter with a dayside magnetopause reconnection region on 29 December 2016. The uniqueness of the event stems from the small (~7 km) average spacecraft separation and the sequential sampling of an electron diffusion region with electron crescent distributions. We quantitatively investigate the earthward acceleration of magnetosheath electrons through the in‐plane null by the polarization electric field EN that points radially outward from the magnetopause. The results compare favorably with previous plasma simulations with one important difference that the reconnection electric field (EM) extends throughout the region of strong EN so that both fields energize electrons in the same region. This acceleration is quantified here for the first time. As the spacecraft penetrate deeper into the region of enhanced EN, the magnetic reflection of lower‐energy electrons produces a thinner crescent.
Remote Magnetometry With Mesospheric Sodium Based on Gated Photon Counting
Authors: Fan T. , Yang X. , Dong J. , Zhang L. , Cui S. , Qian J. , Dong R. , Deng K. , Zhou T. , Wei K. , Feng Y. , Chen W.
Published: August 2019

Remote detection of geomagnetic fields in the mesosphere would provide a powerful tool for mapping and interpreting Earth's lithospheric magnetic fields, monitoring magnetic disturbances in conjunction with the aurora, and making long‐term measurements of ionospheric currents at polar regions. Based on gated photon counting and direct frequency sweep, a remote magnetometry scheme with precession of mesospheric sodium was demonstrated. The technique of gated photon counting has an advantage in background light suppression and has the potential to achieve altitude‐resolved magnetic field measurements with an optimized laser source. An intensity‐modulated laser beam was utilized to optically pump sodium atoms in the mesopause, and a ground‐based telescope collects fluorescent echoes to infer the magnetic field. The experiment was carried out at Lijiang observatory where we validated this technique and measured the geomagnetic field with a sensitivity of 849 nT/Hz1/2, which can be improved through further optimization.
Icecap and Subglacial Crustal Deformation Inferred From SAR Pixel Tracking: The 2014 Dike Intrusion Episode in the Bárðarbunga Volcanic System, Iceland
Authors: Himematsu Yuji , Sigmundsson Freysteinn , Furuya Masato
Published: August 2019

Bárðarbunga is an active volcano beneath the Vatnajökull icecap in Iceland, where a subglacial dike intrusion occurred in 2014. This area has been studied with interferometric synthetic aperture radar, an important geodetic method that measures crustal deformation; however, ice/snow cover on volcanoes impedes the mapping of crustal deformation because of decorrelation problems. Previous geodetic observations have reported deformation signals at ice‐free regions of a major dike formed in 2014 in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, but direct observations of the subglacial crustal deformation associated with the dike intrusion have been limited. We applied a pixel tracking approach to various satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over the northern part of the Vatnajokull icecap and the Holuhraun plain. The pixel tracking data revealed not only crustal deformation fields in the ice‐free region of the magma intrusion, which covers only about 20% of the entire length of dike, but also icecap surface movements over the subglacial part of the dike in the ablation area of the Vatnajökull icecap. Signals above the icecap, suggesting subsidence due to subglacial graben formation, are consistent with the dike propagation path inferred from seismicity during the episode. By subtracting the scaled pre‐diking signals from the co‐diking signals, we corrected for the steady‐state icecap flow signals to derive the subglacial crustal deformations. We showed that the inferred subglacial crustal deformation signals can significantly contribute to the improvement of dike opening/faulting distributions. Applying the pixel tracking to satellite images will enable mapping subglacial crustal deformation in the case of subglacial volcanic activity.
Particle Migration and Clogging in Porous Media: A Convergent Flow Microfluidics Study
Authors: Liu Q. , Zhao B. , Santamarina J. C.
Published: August 2019

The migration and retention of fine particles in porous media are important phenomena in natural processes and engineering applications. Migrating particles experience physicochemical interactions with carrier fluids, pore walls, and other migrating particles. The governing dimensionless ratios capture particle‐level forces, flow conditions, and geometric characteristics. This study explores micron‐size particle migration and retention in microfluidic chips during convergent radial flow, which is the prevalent flow condition in water extraction and oil production. Pore‐scale observations reveal the role of electrostatic interactions on clogging mechanisms: Glass particles experience retardation‐accumulation bridging, while quasi‐buoyant latex particles involve capture and clogging. Consequently, flow rates exert opposite effects on the clogging behavior of inertial glass particles versus electrostatically affected latex particles. Migrating particles experience a varying fluid velocity field in convergent radial flow, and clogging reflects the evolving local conditions (Nad, Ar, Stk, and Re). In particular, clogged pores alter local flow and promote further clogging nearby. Pore network model simulations suggest that such “dependent clogging” lowers the permeability of the porous medium more effectively than independent clogging at random locations.
Constraining Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds Over the Indian Subcontinent Using Space‐Based Formaldehyde Measurements
Authors: Chaliyakunnel Sreelekha , Millet Dylan B. , Chen Xin
Published: August 2019

India is an air pollution mortality hot spot, but regional emissions are poorly understood. We present a high‐resolution nested chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) simulation for the Indian subcontinent and use it to interpret formaldehyde (HCHO) observations from two satellite sensors (OMI and GOME‐2A) in terms of constraints on regional volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. We find modeled biogenic VOC emissions to be overestimated by ~30–60% for most locations and seasons, and derive a best estimate biogenic flux of 16 Tg C/year subcontinent‐wide for year 2009. Terrestrial vegetation provides approximately half the total VOC flux in our base‐case inversions (full uncertainty range: 44–65%). This differs from prior understanding, in which biogenic emissions represent >70% of the total. Our derived anthropogenic VOC emissions increase slightly (13–16% in the base case, for a subcontinent total of 15 Tg C/year in 2009) over RETRO year 2000 values, with some larger regional discrepancies. The optimized anthropogenic emissions agree well with the more recent CEDS inventory, both subcontinent‐wide (within 2%) and regionally. An exception is the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, where we find an underestimate for both RETRO and CEDS. Anthropogenic emissions thus constitute 37–50% of the annual regional VOC source in our base‐case inversions and exceed biogenic emissions over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, West India, and South India, and over the entire subcontinent during winter and post‐monsoon. Fires are a minor fraction (<7%) of the total regional VOC source in the prior and optimized model. However, evidence suggests that VOC emissions in the fire inventory used here (GFEDv4) are too low over the Indian subcontinent.
Future Directions for Whole Atmosphere Modeling: Developments in the Context of Space Weather
Authors: Jackson David R. , Fuller‐Rowell Tim J. , Griffin Dan J. , Griffith Matthew J. , Kelly Christopher W. , Marsh Daniel R. , Walach Maria‐Theresia
Published: August 2019

Coupled Sun‐to‐Earth models represent a key part of the future development of space weather forecasting. With respect to predicting the state of the thermosphere and ionosphere, there has been a recent paradigm shift; it is now clear that any self‐respecting model of this region needs to include some representation of forcing from the lower atmosphere, as well as solar and geomagnetic forcing. Here we assess existing modeling capability and set out a road map for the important next steps needed to ensure further advances. These steps include a model verification strategy, analysis of the impact of nonhydrostatic dynamical cores, and a cost‐benefit analysis of model chemistry for weather and climate applications.
The Vitrectomy Timing Individualization System for Ocular Trauma (VTISOT)
Authors: Han Longhui , Jia Jinchen , Fan Yiming , Yang Luyong , Yue Zhiqiang , Zhang Wei , Liu Fang , Kang Huanjun , Huo Tao , Han Shaolei , Shen Hua , Tian Genquan , Su Xuemin
Published: August 2019

Ocular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness worldwide. Vitrectomy at correct timing can significantly improve the efficacy and prognosis, but the timing of vitrectomy has remained highly controversial for decades. Trauma cases are different from each other, thus, a flexible timing system based on the details of each individual case is recommended. Unfortunately, no such a timing system is available for clinical application up to now. To establish the vitrectomy timing individualization system for ocular trauma (VTISOT), we first identified 6 independent tPVR risk factors (including Zone 3 Injury, Zone 3 retinal Laceration, Massive Vitreous Hemorrhage, Retinal Disorder, Timing of Vitrectomy and Type of Injury) by retrospective study. Then, the tPVR score was established by binary logistic regression analysis. Most importantly and critically, the vitrectomy timing individualization system for ocular trauma was established based on the identified tPVR risk factors and the tPVR score. The following evaluation of the VTISOT showed that the patients consistent with the VTISOT principles exhibited reduced tPVR incidence and better surgical results. In short, the VTISOT principles were established, which may provide a new approach to individualize the timing of vitrectomy and improve the prognosis after trauma.
Highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO using cobalt oxide-coated spherical mesoporous silica particles as catalysts
Authors: Fu Zi-Cheng , Moore Joshua T. , Liang Fei , Fu Wen-Fu
Published: August 2019

Hybrid catalysts that cobalt oxide nanoparticles immobilized on outside surfaces of spherical SBA-15 presented unexpected photocatalytic activity towards CO2-to-CO conversion.
Assessing the impacts of dynamic soft-templates innate to switchable ionic liquids on nanoparticulate green rust crystalline structures
Authors: Zheng Jian , Yu Xiao-Ying , Nguyen Manh-Thuong , Lao David , Zhu Yifeng , Wang Feng , Heldebrant David J.
Published: August 2019

This experimental and theoretical study investigates how dynamic solvation environments in switchable ionic liquids regulate the composition of nanoparticulate green rust.
Colour tuning and enhancement of gel-based electrochemiluminescence devices utilising Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes
Authors: Soulsby Lachlan C. , Doeven Egan H. , Pham Tien T. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Henderson Luke C. , Long Benjamin M. , Guijt Rosanne M. , Francis Paul S.
Published: August 2019

Combining luminophores in ratios that compensate for energy transfer provides a range of new emission colours for gel-based electrochemiluminescence devices.
Deciphering the influence of structural distortions on the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of pentagonal bipyramidal Ni(ii) complexes
Authors: Dey Mamon , Mudoi Prashurya Pritam , Choudhury Anup , Sarma Bipul , Gogoi Nayanmoni
Published: August 2019

Role of structural distortion on the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of pentagonal bipyramidal Ni(ii) complexes is explored. A simple strategy to enhance the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in pentagonal bipyramidal Ni(ii) complexes is proposed.
A luminescent edge-interlocked prismatic heteroleptic metallocage assembled through a ligand replacement reaction
Authors: Zhan Shun-Ze , Li Jing-Hong , Zhang Guo-Hui , Liu Xiao-Wei , Li Mian , Zheng Ji , Ng Seik Weng , Li Dan
Published: August 2019

A luminescent edge-interlocked heteroleptic metallocages based on Cu3(pyrazolate)3 was prepared through a ligand replacement reaction from a homoleptic metallocage and a new ligand.
Ni-Catalyzed deaminative hydroalkylation of internal alkynes
Authors: Zhu Ze-Fan , Tu Jia-Lin , Liu Feng
Published: August 2019

The utilization of readily prepared Katritzky salts derived from abundant primary amines as radical precursors for cis-hydroalkylation of internal alkynes is described.
Formation of a uranyl hydroxide hydrateviahydration of [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7·4H2O
Authors: Kirkegaard Marie C. , Spano Tyler L. , Ambrogio Michael W. , Niedziela J. L. , Miskowiec Andrew , Shields Ashley E. , Anderson Brian B.
Published: August 2019

[(UO2F2)(H2O)]7·4H2O undergoes a transformation at high humidity to a novel uranyl hydroxide hydrate with structural similarities to schoepite and metaschoepite.
A biocatalytic cascade for the conversion of fatty acids to fatty amines
Authors: Citoler Joan , Derrington Sasha R. , Galman James L. , Bevinakatti Han , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: August 2019

A mild, biocatalytic alternative to the conventional amination of fatty acids through a one-pot tandem cascade performed by a carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and a transaminase (ω-TA).
Doping nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation in a liquid containing the doping agent
Authors: Chemin Arsène , Lam Julien , Laurens Gaétan , Trichard Florian , Motto-Ros Vincent , Ledoux Gilles , Jarý Vítězslav , Laguta Valentyn , Nikl Martin , Dujardin Christophe , Amans David
Published: August 2019

While doping is crucial for numerous technological applications, its control remains difficult especially when the material is reduced down to the nanometric scale. We suggest a new way to dope nanoparticles using laser ablation in liquids.
Retraction: A layered double hydroxide assembled on a g-C3N4-modified hollow carbon sphere as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium(vi)
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyu , Jing Xiaoyan , Yu Jing , Zhang Hongsen , Chen Rongrong , Su Shouzheng , Liu Qi , Zhang Milin , Wang Jun
Published: August 2019

Retraction of ‘A layered double hydroxide assembled on a g-C3N4-modified hollow carbon sphere as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium(vi)’ by Xiaoyu Yuan et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00590k.
Kinetics of empty viral capsid assembly in a minimal model
Authors: Reguera D. , Hernández-Rojas J. , Gomez Llorente J. M.
Published: August 2019

The kinetics and conditions to achieve optimal efficiency of empty viral capsid assembly are studied performing Brownian Dynamics simulations of a minimal model.
Valosin-containing protein mediates the ERAD of squalene monooxygenase and its cholesterol-responsive degron
Authors: Chua Ngee Kiat , Scott Nicola A. , Brown Andrew J.
Published: August 2019

Squalene monooxygenase (SM) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. SM degradation is accelerated by excess cholesterol, and this requires the first 100 amino acids of SM (SM N100). This process is part of a protein quality control pathway called endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). In ERAD, SM is ubiquitinated by MARCH6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, several details of the ERAD process for SM remain elusive, such as the extraction mechanism from the ER membrane. Here, we used SM N100 fused to GFP (SM N100-GFP) as a model degron to investigate the extraction process of SM in ERAD. We showed that valosin-containing protein (VCP) is important for the cholesterol-accelerated degradation of SM N100-GFP and SM. In addition, we revealed that VCP acts following ubiquitination of SM N100-GFP by MARCH6. We demonstrated that the amphipathic helix (Gln62–Leu73) of SM N100-GFP is critical for regulation by VCP and MARCH6. Replacing this amphipathic helix with hydrophobic re-entrant loops promoted degradation in a VCP-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that inhibiting VCP increases cellular squalene and cholesterol levels, indicating a functional consequence for VCP in regulating the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Collectively, we established VCP plays a key role in ERAD that contributes to the cholesterol-mediated regulation of SM.
LncRNA LOXL1-AS is up-regulated in thoracic aortic aneurysm and regulated proliferation and apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Huang Ben , Lu Shuyang , Lai Hao , Li Jun , Sun Yongxin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: August 2019

Long non-coding RNA LOXL1-AS is up-regulated in several types of cancers. The present study was carried out to explore the potential interactions between LOXL1-AS and lncRNA Giver in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We found that LOXL1-AS was up-regulated in TAA patients than in healthy controls in aortic media specimens. Altered expression levels of LOXL1-AS distinguished TAA patients from healthy controls. LncRNA Giver was also up-regulated in TAA patients than in healthy controls in aortic media specimens, and was positively correlated with LOXL1-AS. LOXL1-AS overexpression mediated the up-regulation of Giver in human aortic smooth muscle cells, while Giver overexpression failed to significantly affect LOXL1-AS. LOXL1-AS and Giver overexpression resulted in promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HAOSMC. Giver silencing played an opposite role and attenuated the effect of LOXL1-AS overexpression. Therefore, LOXL1-AS was up-regulated in TAA and regulated proliferation and apoptosis of LOXL1-AS by up-regulating Giver.
NLRP3 gain-of-function in CD4+ T lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Braga Tárcio Teodoro , Brandao Wesley Nogueira , Azevedo Hatylas , Terra Fernanda Fernandes , Melo Amanda Campelo L. , Pereira Felipe Valença , Andrade-Oliveira Vinicius , Hiyane Meire Ioshie , Peron Jean Pierre S. , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva
Published: August 2019

NLRP3 inflammasome [NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein) Pyrin-domain-containing 3 ] functions as an innate sensor of several PAMPs and DAMPs (pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns). It has been also reported as a transcription factor related to Th2 pattern, although its role in the adaptive immunity has been controversial, mainly because the studies were performed using gene deletion approaches. In the present study, we have investigated the NLRP3 gain-of-function in the context of encephalomyelitis autoimmune disease (EAE), considered to be a Th1- and Th17-mediated disease. We took advantage of an animal model with NLRP3 gain-of-function exclusively to T CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl). These mice presented reduced clinical score, accompanied by less infiltrating T CD4+ cells expressing both IFN-γ and IL-17 at the central nervous system (CNS) during the peak of the disease. However, besides NLRP3 gain-of-function in lymphocytes, these mice lack NLRP3 expression in non-T CD4+ cells. Therefore, in order to circumvent this deficiency, we transferred naive CD4+ T cells from WT, NLRP3−/− or CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl into Rag-1−/− mice and immunized them with MOG35–55. Likewise, the animals repopulated with CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl T CD4+ cells presented reduced clinical score and decreased IFN-γ production at the peak of the disease. Additionally, primary effector CD4+ T cells derived from these mice presented reduced glycolytic profile, a metabolic profile compatible with Th2 cells. Finally, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under a Th2-related cytokine milieu cocktail exhibited in vitro an increased IL-4 and IL-13 production. Conversely, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under Th1 differentiation produced less IFN-γ and T-bet. Altogether, our data evidence that the NLRP3 gain-of-function promotes a Th2-related response, a pathway that could be better explored in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Performance analysis of mixed‐ADC receiver multiuser massive MIMO relaying system under imperfect CSI
Authors: Ding Qingfeng , Wei Min , Liu Mengxia , Lian Yichong
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the authors investigate a multiuser massive multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) relay system with mixed analog‐todigitalconverter (ADC) architecture. It is assumed that the channel state information (CSI) is imperfect between the relay and the user. Sum Spectral efficiency (SE) and Energy efficiency (EE) with the maximum‐ratio combining (MRC) detector are derived. In addition, the authors have studied the trade‐off between achievable Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. it is revealed that the trade‐off between the sum SE and EE with respect to key system parameters, including number of BS antennas, user transmit power, the power of the CSI error, and the quantization bits. Finally, numerical results show that the mixed‐ADC structure can obtain a better energy‐rate trade‐off than low‐precision ADC structure.
Energy‐efficient BBU pool virtualisation for C‐RAN with quality of service guarantees
Authors: Abdelhakam Mostafa M. , Elmesalawy Mahmoud M. , Elhattab Mohamed K. , Esmat Haitham H.
Published: August 2019

Cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) has been introduced as a promising network paradigm for improving the spectral and energy efficiency of next‐generation mobile systems. In C‐RAN, the computation resources of the centralised baseband units (BBUs) can be virtualised and dynamically shared among cells for energy‐efficient BBU pool utilisation. In this study, a BBU virtualisation scheme is proposed to minimise the total power consumption in the BBU pool subject to constraints on users’ quality of service in terms of real‐time requirements, individual fronthaul capacity and BBU capacity. As the BBU processing time and transmission delay for each user data can be compromised to meet the user's real‐time requirements while minimising the BBU power consumption, a priori user association phase is proposed and formulated as an optimisation problem to maximise the users’ transmission rate, and hence minimising their transmission delay. Then, the BBU processing allocation phase is formulated as a bin‐packing problem to minimise the overall power consumption in the BBU pool. Since this problem is combinatorial, a heuristic algorithm is proposed based on best‐fit‐decreasing algorithm to solve it. Extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the comparable ones in terms of power consumption with reduction up to 33%.
High boost transformer‐based Z‐source inverter under continuous input current profile
Authors: Kojabadi Hossein Madadi , Ebrahimi Reza , Esmaeilifard Hossein , Chang Liuchen , Chen Zhe , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: August 2019

A new scheme for high boost trans‐z‐source inverter with continuous input current is proposed. Because of the high boosting capability of the proposed inverter, the modulation index will be higher with lower shoot‐through duty ratio. Higher modulation index will lead to improved total harmonic distortion of the output voltage. This topology has one inductor, three diodes, two transformers, and three capacitors. Comparison between the new schemes with the previously proposed trans‐z‐source topologies is made based on the voltage stresses on capacitors, efficiency, and voltage boost factor. To verify the effectiveness and validity of the new inverter, experimental and simulation results are provided.
Hypoglycaemia‐free artificial pancreas project
Authors: Magdelaine Nicolas , Rivadeneira Pablo S. , Chaillous Lucy , Fournier‐Guilloux Anne‐Laure , Krempf Michel , MohammadRidha Taghreed , Ait‐Ahmed Mourad , Moog Claude H.
Published: August 2019

Driving blood glycaemia from hyperglycaemia to euglycaemia as fast as possible while avoiding hypoglycaemia is a major problem for decades for type‐1 diabetes and is solved in this study. A control algorithm is designed that guaranties hypoglycaemia avoidance for the first time both from the theory of positive systems point of view and from the most pragmatic clinical practice. The solution consists of a state feedback control law that computes the required hyperglycaemia correction bolus in real‐time to safely steer glycaemia to the target. A rigorous proof is given that shows that the control‐law respects the positivity of the control and of the glucose concentration error: as a result, no hypoglycaemic episode occurs. The so‐called hypo‐free strategy control is tested with all the UVA/Padova T1DM simulator patients (i.e. ten adults, ten adolescents, and ten children) during a fasting‐night scenario and in a hybrid closed‐loop scenario including three meals. The theoretical results are assessed by the simulations on a large cohort of virtual patients and encourage clinical trials.
Preparation of irregular silica nano‐abrasives for the chemical mechanical polishing behaviour on sapphire substrates
Authors: Dong Yue , Lei Hong , Liu Wenqing
Published: August 2019

Abrasives directly affect the polishing rate and surface quality for sapphire chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this work, irregular silica nano‐abrasives were synthesised by nickel ion‐induced effect combined with growth method in order to simultaneously acquire a high polishing rate and a smooth and flat surface quality on sapphire. The synthesis process of irregular silica nano‐abrasives is predicted and analysed by zeta potential. The irregular silica nano‐abrasives have a distinguished CMP behaviour for a 22.72% increase in polishing rate and a flat surface quality of sapphire. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results have confirmed these solid‐phase chemical reactions happen during the sapphire CMP process. In addition, it was analysed about the polishing process and mechanism by establishing a contact model between nano‐abrasives and sapphire.