bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION THE PRIORITY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERSEAS INVESTMENT DESTINATIONS OF BUSINESSES USING AN ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHOD
Authors: Thanh Vu Duc , Do Thi Minh Hue , Duong Cong Du , Tran Phuong Thao , Hoang Dinh Luong , Nguyen Thi Huyen , Dang Minh Anh , Tran Bich Diep , Nguyen Thi Hai Ly
Published: July 2021

Because of the great benefits overseas investment brings, countries and businesses are increasingly concerned with the question of an ideal investment destination. Many studies have shown that, factors of the consumption market, the infrastructure and resources, economic and political environment have a significant impact on the decision to choose an investment location, however the priority order of these factors are different for various research spaces. By studying the specific case of Viettel Group - one of the largest telecommunications groups in Vietnam that is having many international investment activities in recent years, the study has been verified the priority order of factors influencing the decision to choose an overseas investment location of this corporation. The research outcomes show that the group of factors that have the most influence on investment decisions is the group "Consumption market", more specifically, the sub-factor "Market Size" is considered more than the others.   
Keywords: Investment Destinations, Foreign Investment Decision, Analytic Hierarchy Process.
Behoud de Bijdragen, vernieuw de vorm
Authors: Huistra Pieter , Mellink Bram
Published: July 2021

In de afgelopen vijftig jaar heeft BMGN zich staande gehouden in een versnipperend tijdschriftenlandschap en een snel internationaliserende geschiedbeoefening – zij liep daarbij zelfs voorop bij de digitalisering. De bestaansreden van BMGN is door de opeenvolgende redacties gevonden in het entameren van historisch debat. Daarin zijn zij succesvol gebleken, al waren de discussanten wellicht te homogeen. Een koploper in historiografische vernieuwing is BMGN niet geweest en, zo stellen wij, dat zou zij als geografisch gedefinieerd tijdschrift ook niet moeten beogen. Beter kan BMGN zich ook in de toekomst richten op vormvernieuwing en wel op drie manieren. Ten eerste door het publicatieproces anders in te richten met als doel de peer review nuttiger en aantrekkelijker te maken. Ten tweede door artikelformats los te laten, discussie en debat nog meer ruimte te geven en experimentele bijdragen te stimuleren. Ten derde door het primaat van digitaal publiceren te aanvaarden en de mogelijkheden die dat biedt beter te benutten.In the past fifty years the BMGN has prevailed amid a fragmenting journal landscape and rapidly internationalising historical scholarship and has even done pioneering work in digitisation. Successive editorial boards established the raison d’être of the BMGN by initiating historical debate. They have succeeded in this endeavour, although those participating in the discussions may have been overly homogeneous. The BMGN has not been a trailblazer in historiographic innovation, nor should it aim to be, in our view, as a geographically defined journal. The BMGN would benefit in the future from focusing on three form innovations. First, by revising the publication process to make the peer review more useful and appealing. Second, by digressing from article formats, doing more to promote discussion and debate and encouraging experimental contributions. Third, by accepting the primacy of digital publishing and making better use of the opportunities it offers.
De Tweede Wereldoorlog in de Lage Landen
Authors: Wouters Nico
Published: July 2021

De evaluatie van vijftig jaren kopij over de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review (BMGN) levert een rijk maar eenzijdig beeld op. Vooral het feit dat de Belgisch-Nederlandse uitwisseling nooit echt van de grond kwam, mag gezien het oorspronkelijke doel van de BMGN een gemiste kans worden genoemd. Helemaal onlogisch is het echter niet: de Belgische en Nederlandse WOII-geschiedschrijving kenden uiteenlopende nationale ontwikkelingen. Zeker de paradigmatische kaders ontwikkelden zich anders en hadden uiteindelijk zelfs tegengestelde effecten: van een situatie van scherpe polarisering in Nederland tot makke consensus in België. Dat maakt een Belgisch-Nederlands gesprek niet vanzelfsprekend. We bedoelen misschien ongeveer hetzelfde met het begrip ‘accommodatie’, maar de specifieke ladingen die dat begrip heeft gekregen, zijn intussen helemaal anders. De concrete voorwaarden creëren voor een Belgisch-Nederlandse uitwisseling binnen dit onderzoeksveld blijft dus een werf, ook voor de BMGN. Deze interactie zou beide nationale historiografische tradities wellicht verrijken. The evaluation of fifty years of copy about World War II in the BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review (BMGN) yields a rich but one-sided impression. That the Belgian-Dutch exchange never truly got under way may, given the original goal of the BMGN, be considered a missed opportunity. All the same, this is not entirely illogical: Belgian and Dutch WWII historiography followed divergent national trajectories. Especially the paradigmatic contours emerged differently and ultimately even brought about contradictory effects, from deep polarisation in the Netherlands to meek consensus in Belgium. This does not make a Belgian-Dutch dialogue selfevident. We possibly may use the concept ‘accommodation’ with a similar meaning, but the specific connotations that the concept has acquired are by now entirely different. Bringing about the concrete conditions for a Belgian-Dutch exchange within this research field is therefore an ongoing project, even for the BMGN. Such interaction would surely enrich both national historiographic traditions.
Ground mobile observation system for measuring multisurface microwave emissivity
Authors: He Wenying , Chen Hongbin , Xuan Yuejian , Li Jun , Duan Minzheng
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Large microwave surface emissivities with a highly heterogeneous distribution make it challenging to use satellite microwave data to retrieve precipitation and to be assimilated into numerical models over land. To better understand the microwave emissivity over land surfaces, we designed and established a ground observation system for the in situ observation of microwave emissivities over several typical surfaces. The major components of the system include a dual-frequency polarized ground microwave radiometer, a mobile observation platform, and auxiliary sensors to measure the surface temperature and soil temperature and moisture; moreover, observation fields are designed comprising five different land surfaces. Based on the observed data from the mobile system, we preliminarily investigated the variations in the surface microwave emissivity over different land surfaces. The results show that the horizontally polarized emissivity is more sensitive to land surfaces than is the vertically polarized emissivity: the former decreases to 0.75 over cement and increases to 0.90 over sand and bare soil and up to 0.97 over grass. The corresponding emissivity polarization difference is obvious over water (> 0.3) and cement (approximately 0.25) but reduces to 0.1 over sand and 0.05 over bare soil and almost 0.01 or close to zero over grass; this trend is similar to that of the Tb polarization difference. At different elevation angles, the horizontally/vertically polarized emissivities over land surfaces obviously increase/slightly decrease with increasing elevation angle but exhibit the opposite trend over water.
Injustice and Environmental Harm in Extractive Industries and Solar Energy Policies in Indonesia
Authors: Setyawati Dinita
Published: July 2021

The rapid development of Indonesia’s economy in the recent decades has accelerated the exploitation of natural resources by the extractive industries and increased carbon emissions through higher energy consumption. Additionally, the persistent enthusiasm for coal energy and the ambitious deployment of renewable energy may have led to injustices in the energy system, short-sighted corrupt practices, and environmental harm. This article examines the challenges and risks of energy source utilization and technological developments linked to coal, geothermal, and solar energy. More specifically, I focused on the following issues: domestic market obligation for coal, geothermal exploration, solar lamp distribution, rooftop photovoltaic policy, and electricity charging stations (ECS). Investigating these issues from an energy justice and a green criminology perspective allowed us to evaluate them concerning instances where injustices (to humans and the environment) have emerged and how they should be addressed. In conclusion, the article demonstrates how the marginalization of rural communities and production of environmental harm has been perpetuated by powerful figures, reinforced since colonialism, and escalated by the demands of the Global North.
The Effect Of Repetition Sprint Training Method Combined With The Level Of Physical Fitness Toward The Speed Of 100 Meter Run
Authors: Tuti Ariani Luh Putu
Published: July 2021

There are various modern training methods to increase achievement in a 100-meter run. This research used the repetition sprint method. This research aims to find out the effect of the repetition sprint method on the students with high physical fitness towards the speed in the 100-meter run. The method used in this research is the pre-test post-test design. The sample of this research was 15 students of the Sports Training Education Study Program, sport and health faculty of the Ganesha University of Education. These students are those with the highest physical fitness among 90 students in total. The physical fitness test was through a 2.4-kilometer run. The repetition sprint    method was applied in 24 meetings, started with a pre-test and ended with a post-test. The data were analyzed by using descriptive     statistics and paired sample T-test. The result shows that there is a difference found before and after the training. It is found that there is a 1.15-second increase in the average speed of the 100-meter run from the whole 15 samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the  repetition sprint training method increases the speed in the 100-meter run.
Elementos Folkcomunicacionais no Discurso do ex-Presidente Lula: Um Registro Histórico do Brasil Ovacionado nas Páginas de The Economist
Authors: Procópio de Oliveira Santos Pedro Paulo
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo visa a discutir um registro histórico do Brasil, com base em um olhar elogioso e mesmo eufórico, a seu respeito no jornal britânico The Economist durante o segundo mandato do ex-Presidente Lula. O veículo é considerado por economistas e especialistas do mercado financeiro de todo o mundo como a bíblia do liberalismo mundial; com essa “marca” The Economist vai do pânico com a iminente vitória do ex-líder sindical em 2002 ao entusiasmo com a postura do ex-Chefe de Estado da maior potência econômica latino-americana em menos de uma década! Este paper, com alicerce teórico envolto pela análise de discurso e por importantes aspectos folkcomunicacionais, faz um retorno a um passado histórico recente, no entanto, extremamente distante da realidade brasileira atual, na qual a crise permeia diversos setores e a linguagem folk, leve, pacífica deu lugar ao discurso do “negacionismo” face a demandas sociais de ordem emergencial, como é o caso da fome, do emprego, da saúde pública. Por fim, o que foi “marolinha” na economia do Governo Lula, se transformando em elogios e exemplo para todo o planeta, parece hoje um longínquo registro histórico. É o referido registro que ora se apresenta, envolvendo o discurso como o eixo central da imagem folk de um ex-presidente brasileiro que trouxe elogios e euforia ao seu país. Brasil; Folkcomunicação; Lula;
Da ‘zueira’ ao discurso político: o caráter propagandístico dos stickers no Whatsapp
Authors: Trein Sergio Roberto
Published: July 2021

Os stickers podem ser definidos como adesivo, etiqueta e figurinha. Muito semelhantes aos tradicionais gifs e emoticons, nas conversas digitais, os stickers têm suprimido o uso de palavras e imagens. Por serem polissêmicos, podem ser empregados em diferentes situações de interação, o que dá um tom mais divertido ao assunto a que se referem. Esta situação linguageira é o que a Análise de Discurso define como um deslizamento discursivo. Ou seja, por meio de incisas e elipses discursivas há uma ruptura na linearidade do discurso original. No caso da política, entretanto, mesmo que um novo sentido seja construído, o caráter propagandístico dos stickers permanece. Através da pesquisa exploratória e empírica, o objetivo deste estudo é o de compreender os deslizamentos de sentido dos discursos políticos para os stickers. Para isso, como principal suporte teórico-metodológico, utilizou-se a proposta de Análise de Discurso desenvolvida por Patrick Charaudeau. Em especial, por meio de duas modalidades de construção e organização do discurso: o modo de organização descritivo e o modo de organização argumentativo. Em seus componentes linguísticos, o modo descritivo e o modo argumentativo possuem os procedimentos de nomear, qualificar, situar-localizar e as asserções de partida, de passagem e de chegada, importantes na nossa investigação e para a compreensão dos deslizamentos discursivos e os novos sentidos produzidos. Como corpus de pesquisa, foram escolhidos quatro stickers veiculados no Whatsapp, em 2020. O critério de seleção foi o da conveniência, pois não há critérios específicos que devam ser considerados para a escolha da amostra. Discurso; persuasão; stickers; Whatsapp.
Grafipar Edições: uma reação erótica à ditadura militar
Authors: Fernandes José Carlos , Amaral Agnes do
Published: July 2021

Durante a primeira década da ditadura-civil militar, uma editora curitibana – a Grafipar –, de propriedade de uma família muçulmana, deixa de publicar livros de história e atlas e passa a investir no ramo de “revistas adultas”. Torna-se um polo nacional do gênero, chegando ao ápice de 49 títulos, 1,5 milhão de exemplares mês e 1,5 mil cartas/mês de leitores. Entre seus colaboradores, jornalistas malvistos pelo regime e intelectuais à esquerda, como os poetas Paulo Leminski e Alice Ruiz. Em meio aos então chamados “nus artísticos”, uma pequena de rede de intelectuais, de forma anônima, orientava a redação, num claro combate ao obscurantismo. Este artigo explora a resistência jornalística e intelectual disfarçada no conteúdo erótico. E o “lugar difícil” da qualificação desse material, que ficou à margem da chamada imprensa alternativa. Imprensa alternativa; revistas eróticas; comportamento.
Autocrítica da Folkcomunicação nas Ciências da Comunicação: Avaliação do GP na Intercom 2017
Authors: Gushiken Yuji
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, buscamos narrar, registrar e avaliar os procedimentos que caracterizam as práticas acadêmicas e os temas pesquisados em uma comunidade científica no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa em Folkcomunicação, Mídia e Interculturalidade do 40º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, realizado em 2017 pela Intercom, em Curitiba, capital do Paraná. Trata-se da busca de uma autocrítica, no sentido de observar como e em que medida a instituição e o desenvolvimento de procedimentos próprios do ambiente científico instituem e legitimam a caracterização científica do GP em meio ao Congresso da Intercom, considerando a inserção das Ciências da Comunicação nas demandas do Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação (SNPG). Grupo de Pesquisa em Folkcomunicação; Intercom 2017; Autocrítica; Ciências da Comunicação.
The Ultimate Influences of Brand Equity Dimensions on Consumer Decision in Hi-Tech Market
Authors:   Former Dean and Assistant Marketing Professor at Graduate School of Management at Sharif University of Technology, Iran, Miremadi Dr. Alireza , Ghanadiof Omidreza ,   Graduate of Industrial Management, School of Technology, University of Central Missouri, USA
Published: July 2021

Laptop market in Iran is the highly competitive market, so the researchers studied the effect of brand equity on consumer behavior in laptop market in Iran. Brand equity consists of four main categories such as brand awareness, perceived quality brand loyalty and brand association. Data were gathered from 505 respondents among different cities of Iran. The influence of brand equity dimensions was analyzed through different Statistical techniques applying SPSS ver22. The analyses proved the influence of all of the four dimensions of Iranian laptop consumption. When view from this prospective, brand Association and brand loyalty placed as higher ranks among the Iranian consumers, In consequence, marketing and advertising manager should put their efforts to improve perceived quality and brand awareness to strength their brand equity in this highly competitive market. As matter of fact brand image captured the strength point and value placed as weakness point in brand Association as one of dimension of brand equity. One also should not overlook the fact that brand recognition is placed as strong factor of brand awareness and similar feature captured the weakness attributes of brand awareness in Iranian laptop market.
Microsatellite marker-based variation in the growth hormone genes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Zafrin Mst. Sadia , Alam Md  Samsul
Published: July 2021

Polymorphisms in growth hormone genes have been found to cause variation in growth performance of fish. The objective of the study was to reveal variations in microsatellite loci located in the growth hormone genes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five microsatellite loci namely GH-MS01, IGFII, IGFII-MS01, IGFII-MS03, and STR were analyzed to assess the genetic variation in the growth hormone genes of four stocks of O. niloticus viz. FBG-Mini Hatchery, FM-Mini hatchery, Eon Aquaculture Ltd. and BFRI. The microsatellite markers were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized through ethidium bromide staining. All the five loci were found to be polymorphic. The average number of alleles of FM-Mini hatchery stock (3.8) was found to be highest and that of the FBG-Mini hatchery (2.8) and Eon Aquaculture stocks was found to be lowest. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) value of the FM-Mini hatchery stock was the highest (0.140) and that of FBG-Mini hatchery stock was the lowest (0.040). On the other hand, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was highest in the BFRI stock (0.660) and lowest in the FM-Mini hatchery and FBG-Mini hatchery stock (0.432). The fixation index (1 - (Ho / He) values were positive in all the loci (except locus GH-MS01 in Eon Aquaculture stock), which means these stocks (O. niloticus) were deficient in heterozygosity. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation at STR locus in FBG-Mini hatchery and Eon Aquaculture stocks were not significant but in all other cases the deviations were found to be significant. The results provide evidence that genetic variation exists within the growth hormone genes in all four stocks of O. niloticus. The polymorphisms that have been detected in the present study can be used to study association with growth and thus selection of fast growing Nile tilapia in Bangladesh.
Effects of packaging on the quality parameters of mustard ilish (Tanualosa ilisha) at room temperature
Authors: SHIKHA F.H. , HOSSAIN M.I. , MAHMUDA S.
Published: July 2021

The experiment was carried out to prepare mustard ilish at the laboratory and observe the effects ofpackaging on the quality parameters of the product at room temperature (28°C to 32°C). Biochemical andmicrobiological changes in mustard ilish prepared from Hilsa shad (Tanualosa ilisha) were determined. It wasobserved that percent moisture, protein, lipid, ash content and pH value in mustard ilish decreased afterpreparation of the product than those values obtained for raw fish. In quality parameters study, at roomtemperature (28°C to 32°C), percent moisture, and ash contents increased throughout the storage period, butprotein and lipid contents decreased. The TVB-N, peroxide value and standard plate count (SPC) of bacteriaincreased with the progress of storage time but the rate of increment was comparatively slower in sealed andvacuum sealed packs than the rate observed for non-sealed pack. Therefore, on the basis of above mentionedpoints, the present study could be concluded as-though mustard ilish remain in acceptable condition for ashort time at room temperature (28°C to 32°C) but packaging has some effect on the extension of shelf life ofthe product.
Post-mortem changes in three fresh water eels, Mastacembelus armatus, Macrognathus aculeatus and Mastacembelus pancalus during ice storage
Authors: HOSSAIN MD. ISMAIL , SHIKHA FATEMA HOQUE , HASAN MAHMUDUL
Published: July 2021

The progress of rigor-mortis and the post-mortem changes in three species of freshwater eelsduring storage at room temperature (30° to 35°C) and ice (0°C) were studied. Rigor-mortis in fish sample atroom temperature, started 1hr after spiking and it reached to a maximum of 76%, 57.14% and 100% within 4hrs after death in Mastacembelus armatus (Baim), Macrognathus aculeatus (Tara baim) and inMastacembelus pancalus (Guchi), respectively. In ice stored eels rigor also started within one hour of spikingand gradually reached to a maximum of 88.89% within 3 hrs in Baim and 85.71%, 100% in Tara baim and inGuchi respectively within 2 hrs. Rigor continued for 17, 14 and 18 hrs in Baim, Tara baim and Guchi,respectively and then started to relax. The pH of the muscle was 6.84, 6.80 and 6.92 immediately after catchin Baim, Tara baim and in Guchi, respectively which decreased gradually with the lapse of storage periodregardless of the storage temperature. The organoleptic quality of eels during ice storage was assessed on thebasis of sensory parameters. Baim was found in acceptable conditions for 24 days whereas Tara baim andGuchi were in acceptable condition for 28 days in ice storage. Percent moisture content increased but proteinand lipid contents decreased in almost all the fish samples with the lapse of storage period but a little changewas observed in ash content. The TVB-N, peroxide and NPN value remained within the recommended valueup to 24 days in Baim and 28 days in Tara baim and Guchi. The initial bacterial loads were 6.5×103,6.2×103 And 6.3×103 CFU/g in Baim, Tara baim and in Guchi, respectively. At the end of the 24 days ofice storage, bacterial load increased in all the fish samples.
Farmers’ perception on quality of fish feed, brood stock and fingerling produced in commercial fish farms of Bangladesh
Authors: RAHMAN MD. SAZEDUR , RIAD HASSAN MAHMUD , MAHMUD MD. SAYEM , FATEMA MST. KANIZ , SHAHJAHAN MD.
Published: July 2021

In Bangladesh, aquaculture has expanded, diversified, intensified and technologicallyadvanced due to the decline in fish production from the open water natural sources. Quality seedsare prime requirements for aquaculture production. Quality of seeds depends on the quality ofbroods used for spawning. Breeding performance depends on the quality of feeds and feedingmanagement during brood stock rearing. The present study focused on the evaluation of qualityof feed used in the fish farms, the performance of brood stock and fingerlings of selected carp,catfish and perch farmed in Bangladesh through a survey. On the basis of top fish productiondistricts, we divided the whole country into four hubs, such as Mymensingh, Jashore, Cumillaand Rajshahi. Data were collected from 300 individual respondents of commercial fish farms, 75from each hub. It has been found that most of the farm owners (91%) used commercial feedinstead of homemade feed, though a considerable number of respondents replied that quality ofhomemade feed was better than commercial feed. Although most of the farm owners collect fryfrom private/own hatcheries (69%), a considerable number of grow out farms owners replied thatthe fry of government hatcheries/brood bank, river and BFRI were better than private hatcheriesin terms of growth performance, disease resistance and survivability. Therefore, for sustainableaquaculture, farm owners should be careful for the selection of feed, brood and fingerling.
Assessment of water quality in Shitalakhya river insights from phytoplankton and nutrient regimes
Authors: SARKER MD. JAHANGIR , ADIKARI SUMON , AKTER JESMIN
Published: July 2021

The present study assessed the water quality parameter insights from phytoplankton and nutrientregimes of the Shitalakhya River based on three sampling stations. The ranges of water temperature,transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, TDS, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, andsilicate were 27.86±0.249 °C to 29.83±0.612 °C, 42.33±0.471 to 31.33±0.942 cm, 6.35±0.232 to5.88±0.066 mg/L, 7.62±0.008 to 7.52±0.018, 63.33±4.714 to 40±8.164 mg/L, 0.52±0.020 to0.34±0.016 mg/L, 0.06±0.012 to 0.01±0.004 mg/L, 0.12±0.008 to 0.05±0.004 mg/L, and 0.12±0.004to 0.07±0.001 mg/L respectively. The values of transparency, TDS, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate variedsignificantly while other parameters showed non-significant (p>0.05) among three stations. The results alsoindicated the presence of 27 genera belonging to five major groups- Bacillariophyceae (9), Chlorophyceae(8), Euglenophyceae (5), Dinophyceae (3), and Cyanophyceae (2). The dominant phytoplankton group wasthe Bacillariophyceae (38%), followed in order by Chlorophyceae (26%), Euglenophyceae (19%),Dinophyceae (12%), and Cyanophyceae (5%). Shannon-Weiner species diversity index (H?) ranged from 2.31to 2.99 (phytoplankton) indicating the water body is moderately polluted. Overall, maximum density(46.66×103 cells L-1) of phytoplankton was observed at S2 followed by S3 (35.23×103 cells L-1) and S1(20.95×103 cells L-1). The fluctuation of the physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton density of theriver could be attributed to the high influx of nutrients into the river as a result of discharging nutrient reachwater from. Monitoring of these activities within the river and education on the wise use of the water isrecommended.
Preliminary observations on culture potentials of Indian white prawn (Penaeus indicus) in low saline earthen ponds
Authors: RAHMAN MD. MOTIUR , ISLAM H.M. RAKIBUL , ISLAM MD. AMIRUL , ISLAM MD. LATIFUL , SHOFIQUZZOHA A.F.M , AHMED K.K.U
Published: July 2021

To assess the growth and culture potentials of Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus, locally knownas Chaka Chingri, a preliminary trial was conducted for a period of 145 days in earthen ponds. The postlarvae were collected from Sundarbans coast and stocked in 3 ponds of 0.056 ha each with the stockingdensity at 30, 40 and 54 m-2in T1,T2 and T3 treatments respectively. Commercial pelleted feed with 36%protein was fed. Production and physico-chemical parameters were recorded and analyzed according tostandard methods. After 145 days of rearing, obtained average final weight was 22.18±6.71g, 25.25±3.11gand 29.25±2.88g; with the estimated yield of 1197 kg/ha, 3030 kg/ha, and 3632 kg/ha, survival was 18%,30% and 23% in T1, T2 and T3 treatments respectively. Results and findings of the present study suggestedthat P. indicus might be potential mariculture candidate in the coastal areas of Bangladesh.
First record of roving coral grouper Plectropomus pessuliferus (Fowler, 1904) from Saint Martin’s Island, Bangladesh based on Morphology and DNA Barcoding
Authors: ISLAM MD JAYEDUL , AKTER SHARMIN , SARKAR PROVAKOR , RASHED MOHAMMAD , PARVIN IREEN , HABIB KAZI AHSAN
Published: July 2021

A new record of Plectropomus pessuliferus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) wasdocumented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. The species was collectedduring a regular survey for making an inventory of reef associated fishes in Saint Martin`sIsland, Bangladesh. This is the first report of roving coral grouper from the marine waters ofBangladesh validated by morpho-meristic analysis and DNA barcoding. This is also the firstreport from the northern Bay of Bengal.
Constraints of health management of commercially cultured high valued fishes
Authors: HALIM K.M. ABDUL , ALI MD. NAWSHAD , RAHMAN TANVIR , FARUK MD. ALI REZA
Published: July 2021

This study was performed to understand the constraints of health management of commerciallycultured high value fishes including gulsha (Mystus cavasius), shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) and koi (Anabastestudineus). One hundred farmers were interviewed through structured questionnaire in Mymensingh andJashore districts. Most of the farmers practiced polyculture of gulsha and shing with carps and monocultureof koi high densities. All the three species suffered from a number of serious diseases under farmingconditions. Most prevalent clinical signs of diseases were ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion, whitishappearance over body surface, ventral and mouth reddening and fin rot. The most susceptiblespecies to disease was shing with a higher average mortality of 43.33% followed by gulsha(36.71%) and koi (38.76%). Diagnosis of disease was the single most important constraints ofhealth management followed by lack of farmer’s knowledge on fish health and diseases, presence ofhuge number of poor quality medicine, ineffectiveness and indiscriminate use of such medicine,lack of farmer’s ability on application of medicine and absence of qualified fish health adviser.Lack of good quality fish seed, feed and water were identified as the main resource problemsassociated with fish health management. The study also identified a number of general constraintsof farming of high value fish which included low price of fish, higher feed cost, and outbreak ofdiseases, high land tax, electricity bill and marketing problem. Further studies should focus on thedevelopment of strategies for better health management practices for sustainable commercial cultureof high value fishes.
Visualization of Purkinje Neurons of Hypothyroid Brain under Golgi Cox Stain
Authors: Hidayat Mariyah , Khan Inayatullah , Hassan Tahira , Chaudhry Shire , P.Lone Khalid
Published: July 2021

Background: Golgi staining was invented hundreds of years ago but it is still a reliable method to study the anatomy of neurons.Objective: This experiment was conducted to study the structure of Purkinje neurons of cerebellum of neonate rats born from hypothyroid dams under golgi cox stain and compare it to the control group.Material and Methods: For this purpose 10 female wistar rats were divided equally into 2 groups control (A) and hypothyroid (B) groups and allowed to conceive. For inducing hypothyroidism in dams, Propylthiouracyl (PTU) was administered in a dose of 15mg/kg/day orally mixed with chow daily a week before mating and throughout the period of gestation and weaning uptil 22nd day after delivery. On the 23rd day, 10 neonatal rats from each group were sacrificed and blood samples were immediately collected for evaluating serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH. The freshly extracted brains were placed in Golgi Cox solution in complete darkness for 18 to 21 days and the solution waschanged every alternate day. The brains were then removed from this stain, processed, infiltrated with parafin, cut into 80ìm thick sections by a microtome and mounted on gelatin coated slides, which were now incubated in 20% ammonium hydroxide for ten minutes.They were then washed in distilled water for 2 minutes and passed through ascending ethanol series 70%, 95%, 100% (five minutes each) and two times xylene (10 minutes each). The sections were now coverslipped, visualized and photographed under a research microscope.Results: Serum enzyme analysis revealed that group PP pups had significantly increased serum levels of TSH and control CC pups showed normal levels of this hormone. T3 and T4 levels were not significantly altered. The number of dendrites seen in purkinje neurons were less in group PP as compared to CC. Normal Purkinje cell count in both the groups were not significantly variable, but the apoptotic cells were significantly more in PP group.Conclusion; Hypothyroidism decreases the number of dendrites ofpurkinje neurons in cerebellum, causing impaired neuronalconnectivity.
Association of Plasma Interlukin-6 in Metastatic & Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients presented to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore Pakistan.
Authors: Khan Munazza , Uddin Zaffar , Khan Zarghuna , Khan Yasir , Haider Zarsanga , Jan Sahibzada Saeed
Published: July 2021

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a complex, multi-factorial disease. In spite of its high prevalence, the Pathophysiology of thePC progression is poorly understood. Cytokines play important role in immune regulation. Cytokines (IL-6) regulates growth ofmany tumor cells including prostate cancer, therefor it can be used as a marker for PC.Objectives: To measure and compare the levels of IL-6 between metastatic and non- metastatic prostate cancer patients.Material and Methods: This study was a Cross-sectional analytical and was conducted in the Department of physiology FederalPsotgraduate Medical Institute (FPGMI) Lahore with collaboration of Urology department of Sheikh Zayed hospital Lahore.Patients with prostate cancer registered with Urology department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore were recruited for the study.Patients with inflammatory conditions, auto-immune diseases, obesity and Alzimer's disease were excluded. A standard Elisa kit(Thermo scientific made in USA) was used for estimation of serum IL-6 levels. Data was recorded on a structured checklist, whichcontained basic demographic data along with finding of prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic biopsy, bone scan and serum IL-6levels. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 20 for descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 50 (25 metastatic and 25 non-metastatic) prostate cancer patients were being part of the present study. Themean PSA level was 364.42 ± 86.7 among metastatic prostate cancer patients as compared to 30.71 ±23.48 non- metastatic,indicating significant difference (p =0.001). Similarly mean Gleason score was high (7.16±0.85) among metastatic prostate cancerpatients as compared to 6.28±0.54 among non-metastatic one. Significant difference (p=0.014) was observed regarding IL-6. Itwas 25.73±80.48 among metastatic patients in comparison with 1.56±1.38 among non-metastatic patients. There was strongcorrelation between PSA and Gleason score (r= 0.479**, p<0.001). Also positive association was found between IL-6 and PSA, (r=0.285*, p=0.045).Conclusion: Serum IL-6 might be considered as a predictor for metastatic prostate cancer. Along with PSA, serum IL-6 levelscould be a strong predictor for the diagnosis of metastatic condition of prostate cancer.
Evaluation of the Results of Primary Closure/Resection and Primary Anastomosis with Colostomy in Acute Colonic Injured Patients.
Authors: Shah Habib ullah , Zada Nawab , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Shah Ishfaqullah , Shah Atiq ullah , Din Qazi Rafi ud
Published: July 2021

Background: The management of acute colonic injury has been improved since several decades, treating low risk patients withprimary closure and high risk patients (duration 6 hours or more, shock, contamination, transfusions 6 unit or more and multipleorgans injury) with colostomy.Objective: To assess the outcomes of primary closure and exteriorization in acute colonic injuries.Material and Methods: This Comparative study was carried out in the Casualty Department DHQ teaching Hospital Bannu, fromJan.2009 to Dec.2010. Thirty Eight patients of acute abdominal trauma, who attended the emergency department, were included.Majority of the patients were those of fire arm injured, followed by blunt abdominal trauma. Less frequent were penetrating traumadue to stab and bomb blast pieces. As part of their resuscitation, they were shifted to operation theatre for abdominal explorationand either primary Closure/ Resection and primary anastomosis was done or colostomy of injured colon performed keeping in mindthe Protocol of low and high risk categories respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by using SPSSsoftware version 20, and showed significant differences except wound infection when compared complications between primaryclosure & Colostomy procedures.Results: Primary Closure was carried out in 18 of 38 patients (47.4%) in low risk category while Colostomy was done in 20 of 38(52.6%) in high risk patients. (69%) of the patients were below 40 years of their age and (31%) were above 40 years. In our seriesfire arm was more common (78.9%) weapon for penetrating abdominal trauma. Isolated Colonic injury was rare 10.6% as colonicinjury was usually associated with other organ injuries (89.4%). Morbidity was comparable in both procedures. Wound infectionrecorded was (22%) in Primary Closure & (20%) in Colostomy. Mortality recorded was (5.5%) in Primary Closure & (10%) inColostomy patients. Anastomotic leakage was recorded in one patient with primary closure where re colostomy saved the patient.Mean Hospital stay was 13days.Conclusion: Primary Closure/Resection and Primary Anastomosis is having good results, in low risk patients but Colostomy ofinjured Colon is valuable in high risk and in patients who develop complications after Primary Closure.
Detection of Malignant lesion in Contralateral Breast in Newly Diagnosed Patients of Unilateral Carcinoma Breast on MRI
Authors: Wahid Ghazala , Tamkeen Naila , Naz Anjum , Afsar Maimoona , Ashraf Amina , Nisar Anjum
Published: July 2021

Background: Women having unilateral breast cancer have added risk of contralateral breast cancer with an incidence of 1-5% synchronous cancer. There is also increased risk of metachronous cancer in contralateral breast . Female patients with bilateral breast cancer have grave prognosis in comparison to those with unilateral breast cancer. MRI breast is used to assess the multifocality and multicentricity of tumour. Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of MRI in detecting malignant lesion in contralateral breast in newly diagnosed patients of unilateral carcinoma breast.Material and Methods: In this study total 150 newly diagnosed patients of unilateral breast cancer with normal mammographic and clinical examination of other breast were included. Study was conducted in Radiology department, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from Jan 2017 to March 2020. MRI scan of normal breast was done on a 1.5 Tesla magnet with multi-channel breast coil. For evaluating the breast lesions, administration of IV contrast and high spatial resolution is necessary .The malignant lesions of breast found on MRI were confirmed histo-pathologically. Results: In 5 out of total 150 women included in study, MRI detected occult breast cancer in the opposite breast in whom clinical examination and mammography was normal (3.3%). 18 women (12.5 %) out of total 150 with positive findings on MRI underwent biopsy, and 5 specimens turned out to be carcinoma (27%). Conclusion: MRI is very useful and helpful to detect occult malignancy in opposite breast which are not detected clinically or by mammography at the time of the initial diagnosis of carcinoma breast.
Protective Effect of Nedocromil Against Insulin Induced Airway Hyper-Reactivity
Authors: Sharif Mahjabeen , Khan Bushra Tayyaba , Afzal Ayesha , Malik Fatima Qasim , Anwar Mohammad Asim
Published: July 2021

Background: Use of inhalable insulin is limited because it causes airway hyper-reactivity. So present study was designed to ameliorate inhalational insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness.Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity and protective effects of nedocromil against insulin induced airway hyper-reactivity on isolated tracheal tissues of guinea pigs in vitro.Material and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in Pharmacology department of Army Medical College Rawalpindi from January 2012 to July 2012. We observed acute effect of insulin (10-7- 10-3 M) and insulin pretreated with nedocromil (10-5 M) on isolated tracheal strip of guinea pig (n=6) in vitro by constructing cumulative concentration response curves. The tracheal smooth muscle contractions were recorded with Transducer on Four Channel Oscillograph.Results: Insulin significantly increased the tracheal smooth muscle contraction. The mean ± SEM of maximum amplitudes of contraction with insulin and insulin pretreated with nedocromil were 35 ± 1.13 mm and 27.8 ± 1.27 mm respectively. So nedocromil significantly antagonized insulin elicited contractile effect. Conclusion: Nedocromil significantly inhibited the insulin mediated airway hyper-reactivity in guinea pigs. So we suggest that pretreatment of inhaled insulin with nedocromil may have clinical implication in amelioration of its potential respiratory adverse effects.
Modified Snodgrass Repair for Hypospadias: Outcome at a General Surgical Unit
Authors: Haque Anwar Ul , Akbar Fazli , Raheem Saddar , Hussain Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Alam Khurshid , . Kaleemullah , . Samiullah , Haq Israr Ul
Published: July 2021

Background: Hypospadias occurs in around one in 200-300 male live births and is the most common congenital abnormality of the urethra. There are three characteristic features; Firstly the external meatus opens on the underside of the penis or the perineum, secondly the ventral aspect of the prepuce is poorly developed ('hooded prepuce') and thirdly there is usually a ventral deformity of the erect penis (chordee). Many methods have been used to repair hypospadias. We worked on Modified Snodgrass repair for mid-shaft and distal hypospadias in a General Surgical Unit. Objective: To study the outcome of Modified Snodgrass Repair with respect to outcome and post operative complications like fistulas, disruption, meatal stenosis, residual chordae ,penile torsion and infections.Material and Methods: All patients with hypospadias according to exclusion and inclusion criteria admitted to Surgical B unit of Saidu Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2015 to 21st December, 2019 were entered in the study. U shape incision was made around the urethral plate. Urethral incisions were extended to the mid-glans. Urethral plate was incised in center upto midglans. After tubularization of urethral plate and circumferential incision proximal to coronal sulcus from each edge of urethral plate, the penile skin was degloved upto or near to penoscrotal junction depending upon extent of chordee. Neourethra was formed and covered by Dorsal Dartos facial flap which was slit in the centre and brought out to ventral surface by passing the glans through the slit. The child was followed after a week to change dressing and after 10 days to remove catheter and then after one month and three months for checking complications and outcome.Results: Total of 100 subjects were included in study,(67%) having anterior and (43%) having middle hypospadias. Mean age was 3.7 years. Complications were recorded in 21% of patients. Urethro cutaneous fistula in 9%, Total disruption in 1%, Infections in 5%, Meatal stenosis in 2% ,Catheter blockage in 2% and penile torsion occurred in 2% of patients. 97% cases had good cosmetic shape. The fistulas were repaired after 6 months in two layers and had satisfactory results.Conclusion: A properly performed Modified Snodgross repair can be performed in General Surgical Unit with reasonable efficacy if expertise is available
ULTRASONIC STUDIES OF ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUG IN PROTIC AND APROTIC SOLVENTS AT 308.15 K
Authors: BALUJA S. , KULSHRESTHA A. , BHATT M.
Published: July 2021

Ultrasonic velocities and density of various concentrations (0.01 to 0.10M) of anti protozoal drog “Diloxanide Furoate” in methanol, dimethyl formamide and 1,4-dioxan have been measured at 308.15 K by using single crystal variable path ultrasonic interferometer operating at 2 MHz and pycnometer respectively. Using these experimental data, some acoustical parameters have been evaluated and they are interpreted in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions in these solutions.
A BINARY CHEMICAL REACTION ON UNSTEADY FREE CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FLOW WITH ARRHENIUS ACTIVATION ENERGY AND HEAT GENERATION/ABSORPTION
Authors: MALEQUE KH. A.
Published: July 2021

We investigate a local similarity solution of an unsteady natural convection heat and mass transfer boundary layer incompressible fluid flow past a moving vertical porous plate in the presence of the heat absorption and generation. The effects of chemical reaction rate which is function of temperature and Arrhenius activation energy on the velocity, temperature and concentration are also studied in this paper. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by introducing local similarity transformation (Maleque, 2010a). Numerical solutions to the reduced non-linear similarity equations are then obtained by adopting Runge-Kutta and shooting methods using the Nachtsheim- Swigert iteration technique. The results of the numerical solution are then presented graphically in the form of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. The corresponding skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are also calculated and displayed in table showing the effects of various parameters on them.
STUDY ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF 2E-3PHENYL PROPENYL ACYLOXY ALKYL PHOSPHONATE MOLECULAR DERIVATIVES
Authors: BI H. M. , XIE P. T. , HU J. P. , LIU Y. , YOU F. Y. , MENG L. P.
Published: July 2021

The quantum chemistry calculation of 2E-3-phenyl propenyl acyloxy alkyl phosphonate derivates was carried out to investigate the relationship between the structure and plant regulator activity of these compounds. All the compounds were studied by HF method with 6-31G* basis set using the PCM model within the self-consistent reaction field method to assess solvent effects, and then we established mathematical correlation between the properties and bioactivity of these compounds. The result showed that the bioactivity of these compounds has a linear relationship with the frontier orbital energy and other properties. At the same time, the active sites of these molecules were predicted. These compounds are electron acceptors.
KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF CHLOROBENZENE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ONTO GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: CEPEDA E. A. , IRIARTE U. , SIERRA I.
Published: July 2021

The adsorption of chlorobenzene (CB) from aqueous solutions using granular activated carbon (GAC) of different particle sizes was studied at temperatures from 283 to 303 K. Experimental kinetic values were fitted to a hyperbolic expression, which corresponds to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The model predictions are satisfactory in the whole range of particle sizes. Adsorption was found to be governed by intraparticle diffusion. For the adsorption system studied, mass transfer resistance becomes low enough at particle sizes below 1.68 mm to allow an adequate intraparticle transport of solute to the adsorption sites on sorbent surface. Isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models. The equilibrium uptake capacity increased with temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the process. The apparent isosteric heat of adsorption was determined by means of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation being in the 88-288 kJ/mol range.
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK FOR ESTIMATION OF PISTACHIO POWDER SORPTION ISOTHERMS
Authors: TAVAKOLIPOUR H. , MOKHTARIAN M.
Published: July 2021

Moisture sorption isotherms for pistachio powder were determined by gravimetric method at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 40ºC. Some mathematical models were tested to measure the amount of fitness of experimental data. The mathematical analysis proved that Caurie model was the most appropriate one. As well, adsorptiondesorption moisture content of pistachio powder were predicted using artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The results showed that, MLP network was able to predict adsorption-desorption moisture content with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.992, respectively. Comparison of ANN results with classical sorption isotherm models revealed that ANN modeling had greater accuracy in predicting equilibrium moisture content of pistachio powder.