bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of composite sector collimation on average dose fall-off for Gamma Knife Perfexion
Authors: Ma Lijun , Verhey Lynn , Chuang Cynthia , Descovich Martina , Smith Vernon , Huang Kim , McDermott Michael , Sneed Penny
Published: November 2018

Object

The new capability of composite sector collimation in Gamma Knife Perfexion produces complex, nonspherical, and nonelliptical dose distributions. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of composite sector collimation on average dose fall-off compared with the previous Gamma Knife model.

Methods

A general formalism was derived to describe the peripheral dose distribution of all Gamma Knife models in the form of (V/V0) = (D/D0)γ, where V is the volume of the peripheral isodose line with the value of D, V0 is the reference prescription isodose volume, D0 is the prescription dose, and γ is the fitting parameter that determines how fast the dose falls off near the target. Based on this formula, the authors compared 40 cases involving patients treated with Gamma Knife Perfexion with 40 similar cases involving patients treated with Gamma Knife model 4C. The cases were grouped based on the use of the sector collimators in the treatment planning process. For each group as well as all cases combined, the mean γ values were compared by means of the Student t-test for varying ranges of the peripheral dose distribution—from 100% of the prescription dose to 75, 50, and 25% of the prescription dose.

Results

The fit of general formula to the data was excellent for both Gamma Knife Perfexion and Gamma Knife 4C with R2> 0.99 for all the cases. The overall γ values (mean ± 2 standard deviations) were as follows: γ = −1.74 ± 0.47 (Model 4C) versus −1.77 ± 0.40 (Perfexion) within 100–75% of the prescription dose; γ = −1.57 ± 0.26 (Model 4C) versus −1.58 ± 0.25 (Perfexion) within 100–50% of the prescription dose; γ = −1.47 ± 0.18 (Model 4C) versus −1.50 ± 0.16 (Perfexion) within 100–25% of the prescription dose. No statistical significance between the mean differences for Gamma Knife Perfexion and Model 4C was found within these ranges. The probability values were 0.65, 0.84, and 0.22, respectively.

Conclusions

The use of composite sector collimators in Gamma Knife Perfexion demonstrated no statistically significant effects on the volume-averaged dose fall-off near a target periphery for typical treatment cases.
Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma
Authors: Marmarou Anthony , Anderson Randy L. , Ward John D. , Choi Sung C. , Young Harold F. , Eisenberg Howard M. , Foulkes Mary A. , Marshall Lawrence F. , Jane John A.
Published: November 2018

✓ This study describes the relationship between raised intracranial pressure (ICP), hypotension, and outcome from severe head injury. The study is based on information derived from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank where ICP records from a relatively large number of patients were available to help delineate the major factors influencing outcome. From the total data base of 1030 patients, 428 met minimum monitoring duration criteria for inclusion in the present analysis. Outcome was classified according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale score determined at 6 months postinjury. Arrays of comparably defined summary measures describing the patient's course were considered for ICP, blood pressure (BP), central perfusion pressure, and therapy intensity level. For instance, the array of ICP summary descriptors included the proportion of ICP readings greater than x, for x = 0 to 80 mm Hg by increments of 5 mm Hg. A total of 187 candidate summary descriptors were considered. A stepwise ordinal logistic regression was used to select the subset of candidate summary descriptors that best explained the 6-month outcome.

As established previously, age, admission motor score, and abnormal pupils were each highly significant in explaining outcome. Beyond these factors, the proportion of hourly ICP readings greater than 20 mm Hg was next selected and was also highly significant in explaining outcome (p < 0.0001). In addition to the ICP factor, the cutoff point of 20 mm Hg was selected by the procedure as most indicative of outcome. With these four factors modeled, the next selected factor was the proportion of hourly BP readings less than 80 mm Hg. Again, the BP factor was highly significant in explaining outcome (p < 0.0001). As with the ICP factor, the BP cutoff point of 80 mm Hg was objectively selected as most indicative of outcome. In summary, the incidence of mortality and morbidity resulting from severe head trauma is strongly related to raised ICP and hypotension measured during the course of ICP management. Moreover, these ICP and BP factors provide a better indication of outcome than the similarly defined factors of central perfusion pressure or therapy intensity level.
Tolerance dose in gamma knife surgery of lesions extending to the anterior visual pathway
Authors: Kenai Hiroyuki , Yamashita Masanori , Nakamura Takaharu , Asano Tomoshige , Sainoh Michifumi , Nagatomi Hirofumi
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the radiation dose to the anterior visual pathway (AVP) to assess its tolerance to gamma knife surgery.

Methods. They examined five cases followed for more than 3 years. The AVP was treated with 10-Gy doses or higher.

The mean maximum delivered dose to the AVP was 14 Gy. Ten gray or more was delivered to 25.5% of the ipsilateral AVP, 12 Gy or more to 12.5% of the ipsilateral AVP, and 14 Gy or more to 5.7% of the ipsilateral AVP. Although the mean follow-up period was 40.8 months (36–51 months), no cases of visual function deterioration developed.

Conclusions. The tolerance dose of the AVP is considered to be less than 8 to 10 Gy; however, although the delivered dose to the AVP definitely exceeded the tolerance dose in all five cases, no visual disturbance has been identified. Longer follow up is required before any final conclusions may be drawn. Nonetheless, it is suggested that a visual disturbance may be avoided by using careful accurate dose planning even if the dose delivered to the AVP is higher than currently believed to be acceptable.
Gamma knife surgery for refractory postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia: targeting in one session both the retrogasserian trigeminal nerve and the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus
Authors: Keep Marcus F. , DeMare Paul A. , Ashby Lynn S.
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors tested the hypothesis that two targets are needed to treat postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia (TN): one in the trigeminal nerve for the direct sharp pain and one in the thalamus for the diffuse burning pain.

Methods. Three patients with refractory postherpetic TN were treated with gamma knife surgery (GKS) through a novel two-target approach. In a single treatment session, both the trigeminal nerve and centromedian nucleus were targeted. First, the trigeminal nerve, ipsilateral to the facial pain, was treated with 60 to 80 Gy. Second, the centromedian nucleus was localized using standard coordinates and by comparing magnetic resonance images with a stereotactic atlas. A single dose of 120 to 140 Gy was delivered to the target point with a single 4-mm isocenter. Patients were followed clinically and with neuroimaging studies. Pain relief was scored as excellent (75–100%), good (50–75%), poor (25–50%), or none (0–25%). Follow up ranged from 6 to 53 months.

There were no GKS-related complications. Two patients died of unrelated medical illnesses but had good or excellent pain relief until death. One patient continues to survive with 44 months follow up and no decrease in pain intensity, but with a decreased area of pain.

Conclusions. Combined GKS of the centromedian nucleus and trigeminal nerve in a single treatment session is feasible and safe, and the effect was promising. A larger study is required to confirm and expand these results.
Image-guided microradiosurgery for skull base tumors: advantages of using gadolinium-enhanced constructive interference in steady-state imaging
Authors: Hayashi Motohiro , Ochiai Taku , Nakaya Kotaro , Chernov Mikhail , Tamura Noriko , Yomo Shoji , Izawa Masahiro , Hori Tomokatsu , Takakura Kintomo , Regis Jean
Published: November 2018

✓Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is image-guided surgery for brain tumors. Precise tumor visualization is needed in dose planning to control tumor progression. The surrounding vital structures must also be clearly defined to allow the preservation of their function. A special magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence was chosen for use with GKS to treat skull base and suprasellar tumors.

Gadolinium-enhanced 0.5-mm constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) slices were obtained in skull base and suprasellar tumors. Each structure that was adjacent to the tumor could be visualized more clearly by using this imaging technique because the tumor became transparent even though there was no change in the appearance of the surrounding structures after injection of Gd. Use of this technique in acoustic tumors allowed the seventh and eighth cranial nerves to be visualized in the cisternal and intrameatal portions; both of which were distinguishable from the tumor. Suprasellar tumor could be distinguished from the adjacent optic pathway. The use of Gd-enhanced CISS imaging allowed for optimal dose planning with very high conformity in every tumor. Achieving this high conformity allowed the preservation of adjacent structures and their functions.

Establishing optimal dose planning in brain tumors is very important to overcome the problem of producing new neurological deficits in patients who may already be suffering disease-related deficits. The use of this special CISS MR imaging sequence may help accomplish this goal.
Gamma Knife surgery for primary central nervous system lymphoma: usefulness as palliative local tumor control
Authors: Kenai Hiroyuki , Yamashita Masanori , Nakamura Takaharu , Asano Tomoshige , Momii Yasutomo , Nagatomi Hirofumi
Published: November 2018

Object

Although there is no established treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), therapeutic protocols involving high-dose methotrexate therapy followed, in some cases, by whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) have generally been adopted, and they have yielded relatively favorable results. Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is a stopgap measure to treat patients with PCNSL. The authors summarize the results of their cases and evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of GKS.

Methods

Between June 1999, and June 2005, 22 patients suffering from PCNSL were treated with GKS at the authors' institution and were followed up for more than 6 months. Some combination of chemotherapy and/or WBRT and/or microsurgery had been performed in 18 of the 22 patients before GKS. The remaining four patients had not undergone any previous treatment. In these patients, the mean tumor volume was 4.14 cm3, and the tumors were treated with a mean margin dose of 16.5 Gy to the 52.8% isodose line. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the disappearance of the GKS-treated lesions; however, new lesions were observed in other regions of the brain in 10 patients and repeated GKS was performed in some cases. No local recurrences were observed an average of 19.4 months after GKS, and good level of quality of life (QOL) was maintained during this period.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery should be performed only for local tumor control as a stopgap measure in the treatment of PCNSL. It is noninvasive and safe, and its effects occur rapidly. Its use improves prognosis and enhances the patient's quality of life. Gamma Knife surgery should be considered one of the treatment strategies for patients with PCNSLs.
Preservation of quality of life by preradiotherapy stereotactic radiosurgery for unresectable glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kong Doo-Sik , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il , Park Kwan , Kim Jong Hyun
Published: November 2018

Object

The authors conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) followed by radiotherapy for the treatment of unresectable glioblastomas multiforme (GBMs) on patient survival and quality of life.

Methods

A total of 19 patients with unresectable GBMs located in eloquent areas of the brain were eligible for this study. Beginning in January 2002, 10 patients underwent GKS followed by fractionated radiotherapy. Nine patients who had undergone radiotherapy alone after biopsy-proven diagnosis served as the control group. The mean patient ages were 53 years and 56 years, respectively. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores were 80 (range 60–100) and 90 (range 50–100), respectively. The median margin dose for GKS was 12 Gy (9–16 Gy), and the total dose for radiotherapy was 60 Gy in 30 fractions. The mean follow-up duration was 7.2 months, the median patient survival time was 52 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 22–110.6 weeks) in the GKS group, and the median overall survival time was 28 weeks (95% CI 22.5–33.5 weeks) in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0758). The estimated progression-free survival rate at 3 months was 75% in the GKS group and 45% in the control group (p = 0.082). The posttreatment KPS scores were either unchanged or improved in the GKS group, whereas it deteriorated by 20 or more points in six of nine patients of the control group (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery prior to radiotherapy may be helpful in preserving patients' daily activities in the adjuvant management of unresectable GBM.
Combination of microsurgery and Gamma Knife surgery for the treatment of intracranial chondrosarcomas
Authors: Förander Petter , Rähn Tiit , Kihlström Lars , Ulfarsson Elfar , Mathiesen Tiit
Published: November 2018

Object

Intracranial chondrosarcomas have a high risk of recurrence after surgery. This retrospective study of patients with intracranial chondrosarcoma was conducted to determine the long-term results of microsurgery followed by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for residual tumor or recurrence.

Methods

The authors treated nine patients whose median age was 36 years. Seven patients had low-grade chondrosarcomas (LGCSs), whereas mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MCSs) were diagnosed in two. Radiosurgery was performed in eight patients, whereas one patient declined further surgical intervention and tumor-volume reduction necessary for the GKS.

The patients were followed up for 15 to 173 months (median 108 months) after diagnosis and 3 to 166 months (median 88 months) after GKS. Seven patients had residual tumor tissue after microsurgery, and two operations appeared radical. In the two latter cases, tumors recurred after 25 and 45 months. Thus, definite tumor control was not achieved after surgery alone in any patient, whereas the addition of radiosurgery allowed tumor control in all six patients with LGCSs. Two of these patients experienced an initial tumor regrowth after GKS; in both cases the recurrences were outside the prescribed radiation field. The patients underwent repeated GKS, and subsequent tumor control was observed. An MCS was diagnosed in the remaining two patients. Complications after microsurgery included diplopia, facial numbness, and paresis. After GKS, one patient had radiation necrosis, which required microsurgery, and two patients had new cranial nerve palsies.

Conclusions

Tumor control after microsurgery alone was not achieved in any patient, whereas adjuvant radiosurgery provided local tumor control in six of eight GKS-treated patients. Tumor control was not achieved in the two patients with MCS. Similar to other treatments for intracranial chondrosarcoma, morbidity after micro- and radiosurgical combination therapy was high and included severe cranial nerve palsies.
A simple treatment planning strategy for patients with multiple metastases treated with Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Douglas James G. , Goodkin Robert
Published: November 2018

Object

In a substantial number of patients treated at the authors' facility for brain metastases, additional lesions are identified at the time of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). These lesions are often widely dispersed and may number over 10, which is the maximal number of matrices that can be currently placed for treatment with Leksell Gamma-Plan 4C. The authors describe a simple planning method for GKS in patients with multiple, widely dispersed central nervous system (CNS) metastases.

Methods

Two patients presented with three to five identified recurrent metastases from non–small cell lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma after having received whole-brain radiotherapy. At the time of treatment with GKS in each patient, spoiled-gradient Gd-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed substantially more metastases than originally thought, which were widely scattered throughout all regions of the brain. The authors simplified the treatment planning approach by dividing the entire CNS contents into six contiguous, nonoverlapping matrices, which allowed for the planning, calculation, and treatment of all lesions.

Two patients were successfully treated with GKS for more than 10 CNS metastases by using this simple planning method. Differing peripheral doses to varied-size lesions were delivered by prescribing to different isodose curves within any given matrix when required. Dose–volume histograms showed brain doses as follows: 10% of the total brain volume received 5 to 6.4 Gy; 25% received 3.8 to 4.8 Gy; 50% received 2.7 to 3.1 Gy; and 75% received 2.2 to 2.5 Gy.

Conclusions

The delineation of more metastases than appreciated on the diagnostic MR imaging is a common occurrence at the time of GKS at the authors' institution. The treatment of multiple (>10), widely dispersed CNS metastases can be simplified by the placement of multiple, contiguous, non-overlapping matrices, which can be employed to treat lesions in all areas of the brain when separate matrices cannot be utilized.
Gamma Knife surgery for invasive pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Kim Mooseong , Paeng Sunghwa , Pyo Seyoung , Jeong Yeonggyun , Lee Sunil , Jung Yongtae
Published: November 2018

Object

Pituitary adenomas have been treated using a variety of modalities including resection, medication, fractionated radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. The policy has been that all adenomas should first be treated with resection to reduce the volume of the tumor. The authors' study was conducted to determine the efficacy of using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus.

Methods

Of 397 patients with pituitary tumors who underwent GKS between October 1994 and October 2005, 68 patients had pituitary macroadenomas invading the cavernous sinus. Sixty-seven cases were available for follow up. The mean age of the patients in these cases was 42.8 years (range 14–73 years). The male/female ratio was 0.8:1. The mean adenoma volume was 9.3 cm3. A total of 24 patients had undergone craniotomies and resection, and 11 patients had undergone transsphenoidal surgery prior to GKS. The mean follow-up period was 32.8 months. Tumor control was defined as a decrease or no change in tumor volume after GKS. Endocrinological improvement was defined as a decline in hormone levels to below 50% of the pre-GKS level.

Tumor control was achieved in 95.5% of the cases. Endocrinological improvement was achieved in 68% of 25 patients. One patient suffered hypopituitarism after GKS.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery is a safe and effective treatment for invasive pituitary macroadenoma with few complications.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic tumors in the pituitary gland and the cavernous sinus
Authors: Mori Yoshimasa , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Shibamoto Yuta
Published: November 2018

Object

Metastases to the pituitary gland and cavernous sinus occasionally occur. Metastases of this nature are problematic because they are adjacent to eloquent structures such as cranial nerves, including the optic pathways and nerves for extraocular movement and facial sensation. Stereotactic radiosurgery has been reported to be safe and effective for metastases in various sites of brain parenchyma, providing the tumors are not large. Radiosurgery can be performed to treat a precisely defined target, and the risk of radiation side effects on the surrounding structures is reduced. The results of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of metastases in the pituitary gland and the cavernous sinus are evaluated.

Methods

Among 623 patients with brain metastases treated by GKS, 13 patients (2.1%) had pituitary and/or cavernous metastases. The primary malignancies included lung cancer (five cases), breast cancer (two cases), parotid cancer (two cases), renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, nasal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (one case each). The location of the tumors was the pituitary gland (Type 1) in four patients, the cavernous sinus (Type 2) in five patients, and both the cavernous sinus and the sellar region (Type 3) in four patients. The patients' symptoms included dysfunction of the pituitary gland (two patients), visual disturbance (four patients), oculomotor palsy (one patient), abducent palsy (five patients), and trigeminal dysfunction (five patients). A margin dose of 12 to 12.3 Gy was delivered to pituitary metastases. A margin dose of 14.4 to 20 Gy was delivered to cavernous lesions. The dose selection depended on the spatial relationship between tumors and the cranial nerves. Imaging and clinical follow-up data have been obtained in nine of 13 patients for 2 to 12 months (median 4 months) after GKS. Three pituitary and/or cavernous tumors are stable in size, and six tumors have disappeared or decreased in size; full or partial improvement of visual function, extraocular movement, and facial sensation have been achieved in these six patients.

Conclusions

These preliminary results seem to indicate that GKS is a safe and effective treatment for pituitary and cavernous metastases, as it is effective for parenchymal metastases and promptly improved some patients' symptoms.
Current treatment strategy for vestibular schwannoma: image-guided robotic microradiosurgery
Authors: Hayashi Motohiro , Ochiai Taku , Nakaya Kotaro , Chernov Mikhail , Tamura Noriko , Maruyama Takashi , Yomo Shoji , Izawa Masahiro , Hori Tomokatsu , Takakura Kintomo , Regis Jean
Published: November 2018

Object

Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is becoming a standard treatment for vestibular schwannoma (VS); it is ranked with microsurgery from the perspective of tumor control and audiofacial nerve function preservation. A new treatment technique that will improve the tumor shrinkage ratio, shorten the patient's recovery time, and even recover some cranial nerve function is described.

Methods

Along with advances in the GKS system, the authors have developed magnetic resonance imaging sequences specific to particular treatments. These newly developed sequences provide much clearer visualization of the distribution of the cranial nerves, especially in the area from the cisterns to the internal acoustic meatus. Magnetic resonance images have been fused with computed tomography scans to facilitate better delineation of the anatomical relationships. These dose-planning images allow for a higher isodose line (80%) inside the tumor. The aim is to shrink the tumor and not just to control it. To date 130 patients have been treated with GKS in conjunction with this new technique. Of the 130, 91 patients were observed for more than 12 months. The tumor shrinkage rate was 65.9% (76% for patients with > 24 months of follow up), the facial nerve preservation rate was 98.9%, the hearing preservation rate was 92.3%, and four (4%) of 91 patients recovered hearing function. Transient tumor enlargement was observed in most cases, but no severe complications were found.

Conclusions

Although these results are preliminary, they would appear to represent a potential breakthrough in the treatment of VS. Longer follow-up periods and additional cases will firmly establish this method as an absolute treatment option for patients with a VS.
Le silence, mise à l’épreuve de la sincérité au théâtre (1802-1828)
Authors: Fix Florence
Published: November 2018

In 19th century French very successful melodrama, discourse is seen as a powerful way to get attention. Criminals and traitors are masters of speech and seductive persuasion, but they never achieve their goals by the end of the play. On the other hand, the mute, humble and shy characters demonstrate that silence can convey values such as honesty, loyalty and show the audience that sensibility should be preferred to histrionic actor play.
Le silence des fous chez Zola et Maupassant
Authors: Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska Anna
Published: November 2018

It is difficult to define all the meanings and connotations of silence depicted in literary works. In the 19th century, where the Realism and the Naturalism paid much attention to the study of both physical and mental illnesses, silence was considered as one of the distinctive signs of madness. The paper analyzes four examples of this phenomenon in selected Zola’s and Maupassant’s texts (novels and short stories) whose characters, all mad or maniac, embody various aspects of the silence regarded as a pathological condition of a human being.
« À quoi bon se parler avec la voix quand on se peut parler avec l’âme ? » Le silence dans les textes narratifs de Marie Krysinska
Authors: Wierzbowska Ewa M.
Published: November 2018

Literature is filled with silence, which, being polysemic, is a medium much harder to decipher than a word, whose semantic bearing capacity is more limited. To explore silence is to try to gain access to something most intimate, something that does not want to – or cannot – appear in verbal form. In Krysinska’s selected texts one observes silence on two levels, the narrative level and the story level. In most cases, we are dealing with a communicative silence. On the story level, characters use silence as an efficient way of achieving their goals or they are forced into silence by external factors. In many cases silence is imposed on the characters, it is not their choice, for in the given situation they could not utter even a single word. On the narrative level it is the narrator who condemns characters to the role of quasi-mutes, for any statements from characters are relatively rare. The narrator does not allow them to speak freely, he uses reported speech. He exercises active control over the reader, skilfully directing their reception and forcing them to accept his point of view.
« Silence lourd et blanc comme une colère qui monte » : donner corps au silence dans La Chambre des enfants de Louis-René des Forêts
Authors: Coste Marion
Published: November 2018

This article try to demonstrate how the silence takes shape : it becomes a dangerous character against whom the narrator has to act. In The Children’s Chamber, the silence is at first an ally, helping the young Georges to resist to the other children who want him to talk. Then it becomes a dangerous character who takes more and more space : the adulte who spies the children from the begining of the novel has to interrumpt their game in order to stop the silence.
Les figures à l’épreuve du silence : cas de l’ellipse et de la litote dans l’œuvre de Georges Perec
Authors: Ben Jalloul Monia
Published: November 2018

In this article, we will analyze the figures of silence such as the “litote” and the syntactic ellipse in the works of Georges Perec in order to understand how they interact with the reader. Indeed, the unspoken create an invisible dialogue with the reader who must reconstruct a meaning from the void: the “litote” and the syntactic ellipse become the support of a writing that refuses to express itself in words. The writing of Georges Perec can only be read in a deviation of language which makes reluctance a unifying principle
« Ils veulent conjurer le silence ». Ellipses et non-dits chez Andreï Makine
Authors: Mistreanu Diana
Published: November 2018

The concept of silence is at the core of the Andreï Makine’s writing. Thus, the aim of this article is to underline its manifold manifestations in the Franco-Russian author’s literary creation. The first part of the article argues that biographical gaps are constitutive of his author image (Amossy, 2009), sincehe is the only member of the French Academy whose biography is still largely unknown, while the second and third parts focus on the narrative and stylistic usages of silence in his novels, as well as on Makine’s philosophy of creation, namely the “theory of the triple birth” (Osmonde, 2011), partially described in his texts.
Classification of Costs and Their Impact on the Performance of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Valynkevych N. V. , Kobylynskyi V. М.
Published: November 2018

The article is focused on the analysis of costs involved in agricultural production, by case of agricultural enterprises located in Zhytomyr region (Ukraine). This objective is justified by the essential impact of costs on the enterprise performance, being a factor of output and pricing, financial condition, competitiveness of product groups and the whole enterprise, profit etc.  

Specifics of the agricultural production and their implications for production costs in this sector are highlighted. The statistical analysis on agricultural enterprises of Zhytomyr region in 2015 and 2016 includes the official data on the overall agricultural performance; distribution of the operation results by agricultural products and agricultural services; distribution of operation results by plant growing and animal husbandry. The data are collected on the basis of annual statistical observation, by filling the form “Main economic indicators of the operation of agricultural enterprises”.     

The analysis shows that more than 97% of the total income in 2015–2016 was generated by agricultural products, with only 3% of the income earned by rendering agricultural services. The year of 2016 marked the upward tendency in both production and total costs (6.7% and 8%, respectively), in parallel with 7 percent decrease in the net income, which, in effect, reduced the profitability rate by 0.4%. According to the statistical observation data, in 2015 and 2016 a lion share of income from agricultural business was earned by the surveyed agricultural enterprises of Zhytomyr region from plant-growing: 97.8% in 2015 and 99.4% in 2016. These data show a marginal role of animal husbandry in the agricultural business and its imbalanced operation in the region under study. The profitability rate in plant-growing increased in 2015– 2016 (40% and 41.3%, respectively), but it fell in animal husbandry from 5.2% to 1.1%, which was approaching to the zero net revenue.
Tax Culture of Employees of the Enterprise
Authors: Panteleiev V. P. , Nastenko M. V.
Published: November 2018

By the standard of relation of workers of enterprise to implementation of duties in relation to tax payment in a budget there must be an imperative of the USA and most capitalist countries: taxes are paid undoubtedly in the rules and terms marked Law. In these countries cultural traditions and honor are formed and supported to supremacy of interests of society and state. 'Tax culture of workers' as interdisciplinary study, proposing his phenomenon that was not able to have a presentiment in any other way. With hope, we will testify the theory of tax culture, that confidently moves after clean hypothetical political, economic, and social study, in the near future. Besides, reasoning recommendations can be got from the concept of tax culture of workers, that in the end will result in higher and more viable tax profits to more legal tax state as well as more transparent tax mode.

The article reveals measures to introduce tax culture, which contribute to the motivational mechanism of economic regulation. The role of the tax culture in the field of taxation is described, the rules for the implementation of tax culture at the enterprise of Ukraine in the administration of taxes and fees are set forth, the author's definition of tax culture is formulated, the experience of EU countries in using cultural traditions in accounting for tax liabilities and the application of effective management tools is shown; the sequence of promotion of the problems of tax administration with application of tax culture is given.
The Procedure for Correcting Errors of Previous Periods in Financial Reporting According to IFRS
Authors: Kovach S. I. , Sharapka К. О.
Published: November 2018

The subject of the study is represented by errors which were made in financial statements of prior periods and order of adjusting them according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The objective of the research was set to study out the materiality of errors made in financial statements of prior periods, determination of classification and order of adjusting the errors in accordance with IFRS. Different methods were used for achieving set up goals: induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis, causal relationships, abstractly logical, comparison, studying monographs and other generally accepted methods. According to IFRS errors might be made while recognizing, measuring, submitting and disclosing information about elements of financial statements. IFRS 8 divides such errors to errors of current period and prior reporting periods. Errors of prior reporting periods may influence or not influence the amount of undivided profit, material or not material, also intentional or not intentional.  IFRS/IAS do not set up any recommendations about quantity or quality criteria or characteristics of materiality of errors. Every business entity preparing financial reports sets up materiality of errors based on their own criteria of materiality of errors. According to IRFS 8 paragraph 42 business entities adjust material mistakes of the prior period retrospectively in the first set of financial statements confirmed before its disclosing after their revealing. There are two ways to adjust these kind of errors: by transferring comparable sums for prior period (periods) presented when the mistake was made. Also by transferring the residue of assets, liabilities and equity in the beginning of the period for the earliest of the prior period presented, if the errors were made before the earliest of the prior period presented. Information about errors of prior period must be disclosed. Practical use of the research consists in bringing its main ideas to life through methodical innovations and recommendations which may be applied while adjusting errors, by business entities preparing financial statements according to IFRS.
Viejos vicios, nuevas leyes. La subdelegación de Zacatula de 1786 a 1810
Authors: Ruiz Barriga Jorge Alberto
Published: November 2018

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el establecimiento del gobierno de subdelegaciones, como una nueva estructura administrativa emanada de la Real Ordenanza de Intendentes de 1786, en la subdelegación de Zacatula durante el periodo Colonial, y que se encuentra al suroeste del actual estado mexicano de Guerrero. Se busca reconstruir la actuación de los subdelegados como autoridades locales y sus nuevas funciones administrativas, sus prácticas de gobierno, así como identificar la forma en que ejercían el poder y cómo resolvían los diferentes conflictos que se suscitaron en esta subdelegación.
Un expediente sobre la labra de moneda de oro en México en el Archivo General de Indias
Authors: Cano Borrego Pedro Damián
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo estudia un expediente conservado en el Archivo General de Indias, con signatura AGI, MÉXICO, 77, R.3, N.50, relativo a la petición realizada por el virrey conde de Alba de Liste para que se autorizase la labra de moneda de oro en la ceca de la capital virreinal. Esta petición, contestada por Real Cédula, no fue tendida hasta ocho años después, debido principalmente al celo de Francisco de Montemayor de Cuenca, oidor de la Real Audiencia de México, a pesar de la resistencia de algunos de los principales mercaderes de la ciudad.
Participación ciudadana en la justicia penal en México D.F. El valor documental y patrimonial de los juicios criminales juzgados por el jurado en México D.F. (1869-1883)
Authors: Londoño Tamayo Andrés Alejandro
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se analizan facetas del modelo de participación ciudadana en la justicia promovido por el jurado popular en México D.F. y se presenta el avance de un proyecto de catálogo de expedientes criminales con jurado. En primer lugar, se realiza una exploración del discurso del jurado como derecho político y su debate historiográfico que se articula con un comentario del esquema procesal de la ley de jurados para delitos comunes sancionada en 1869. Y, en segundo lugar, se exponen los resultados del trabajo de catalogación de los expedientes criminales con jurado tramitados entre 1869 y 1883 del Fondo Tribunal Superior de Justicia del Distrito Federal del Archivo General de la Nación de México (AGN).
El arte de pintar con plumas. Resurgimiento de la técnica del mosaico en plumaria en Michoacán
Authors: Ruiz Martínez Herlinda
Published: November 2018

En las épocas prehispánica y virreinal, el arte plumaria sobresalió gracias a los artesanos michoacanos. Desde finales del virreinato hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX hubo un periodo de decadencia en la plumaria, misma que resurgió en la segunda mitad de la centuria. En la actualidad el oficio de la plumería es realizado por pocas personas en el país, al considerarse como un arte casi perdido. El siguiente artículo tiene por objetivo central estudiar el resurgimiento, promoción y difusión de la técnica de mosaico para el arte plumaria en Michoacán.
Isolation of some high-boiling or ganometallic compounds by preparative gas chromatography
Authors: Turkeltaub G. N. , Chernyshev E. A.
Published: November 2018

Preparative gas chromatography is proposed to isolate some high-boiling organometallic compounds. Isolation of high-boiling substances should be conducted at a column temperature significantly below the boiling point, because most isolated compounds are thermally unstable at such temperatures. Stationary phases for preparative gas chromatography have a temperature limit of 350°C. The reduction of the column temperature is based on simultaneous changing the parameters of the chromatographic experiment (column length, impregnation degree, flow rate of the carrier gas). The influence of reducing the column temperature on the shape of the chromatographic peak is shown. The peak has an asymmetric shape, and its width increases. Therefore, the possibility of high-boiling substances preparative isolation depends on temperature decrease as the column separation efficiency is maintained.
The role of the interfacial layer in time -temperat ure dependence of the electrical resistance of hi gh-density polyethylene /carbon black composites
Authors: Komova N. N.
Published: November 2018

In order to explain the time-temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of HDPE filled with carbon black, a model is proposed, in which an important role is played by the interfacial layer between the solid-phase filler and the polymer matrix. It is shown that the change in the structure of the macromolecules in the interfacial layer can be characterized using fractal concepts. The fractal dimension increases as the size of the filler particles decreases, and this is accompanied by a decrease in electrical resistance. During isothermal annealing treatment of the samples the fractal dimension of the interfacial layer is changed from 2.3 to 3. Correlations of the observed parameters are presented. The activation energy of increasing resistance in the initial period of the sample treatments is calculated. It is shown that the electrostatic field restrains the increase of the fractal dimension of the interfacial layer and the change in the resistance of the filled systems.
MODIFICATION OF WATER POLYMER COMPOSITIONS FOR ELECTRODEPOSITION BY METALLOPORPHYRINS
Authors: Bespalova G. N. , Larin A. N. , Ageeva T. A. , Koifman O. I. , Morokhina A. K. , Moiseeva K. E.
Published: November 2018

It is known that coatings produced by electrodeposition, cured at high temperatures (180ºC and above).The aim of this study is reducing the energy intensity of production of polymer coatings, improving physical, mechanical properties of the polymer coatings and expansion of colors of paints for the electrodeposition. As the object of study was chosen lacquer KCh-0125, the main component of which is maleated polybutadiene. A micelle of film-forming neutralized tertiary amine is a colloidal particle size of 40 to 70 nm. One of the most effective and lowcost ways to the above problems is the introduction of the water-based oligomeric compositions hydrophobic modifiers. As modifiers were selected naturally occurring metalloporphyrins - cobalt (II) complex of pheophytin a (СоPh) and copper (II) complex of methylpheophorbide a (CuMPP). The method of introduction of the СоPh and the CuMPP of the water-based compositions for electrodeposition was developed. Colloid-chemical properties of the resulting compositions were studied. It was presented the most probable structure of the scheme colloidal particles modified by metalloporphyrins. It was conducted viscometric, spectral studies; the method of dynamic light scattering was used to determine the zeta potential and the size of colloidal particles. It was demonstrated high catalytic activity of metal complexes of porphyrins examined in structuring processes electrodeposited coatings when cured. Introduction of metalloporphyrins in the coating helps to reduce the curing temperature to 160°C. This makes it possible to reduce or duration, or a temperature curing coatings. The introduction of CuMPP make possible to obtain transparent coatings emerald green. Modified electrodeposited coatings also have good water and salt resistance.
The antimicrobial activity of exogeno us anionic phospholipids against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli
Authors: Mikulovich Yu. L. , Sorokoumova G. M. , Selishcheva А. А. , Shvets V. I.
Published: November 2018

The effect of anionic phospholipids, namely, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, on the growth of gram-negative bacteria E. coli BL21(DE3), as well as gram-positive bacteria M. tuberculosis H37Rv was investigated in this study. The influence of all anionic phospholipids tested on the bacteria growth was shown to be dose-dependent. Lipids at concentrations below 335 μM didn’t affect, while at 335 μM and above they repressed bacteria growth and caused cellular death of both type of microorganisms. SOS response induction was observed by using strain E. coli CSH50 sfiA::lacZ during cultivation E. coli with cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. This indicates DNA damage through double-strand breaks. One reason of the DNA damage could be stabilization of transient complexes of DNA topoisomerase (types I and II) with DNA temporary broken by anionic phospholipids. However, neither phosphatidylglycerol nor phosphatidic acid affect the activity of types I and II DNA topoisomerases from E. coli in vitro. In contrast, cardiolipin inhibited DNA topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase (type II topoisomerase), but didn’t stabilize transient complexes of the enzyme with DNA. It indicates that DNA damage due to anionic phospholipids exposure didn’t result from inhibition of DNA topoisomerase activity through stabilization of the transient complex of the enzyme with DNA. The obtained results of cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid bactericidal activity against grampositive M. tuberculosis and gram-negative E. coli make it possible to use anionic phospholipids as individual antimicrobial agents or as a matrix of effective and non-toxic liposomal drugs for tuberculosis treatment.
EPOXIDATION OF ALLYL ALCOHOL TO GLYCIDOL WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AT TITANIUM SILICALITE
Authors: Pastukhova Zh. Yu. , Nasybulin F. D. , Sulimov A. V. , Flid V. R. , Bruk L. G.
Published: November 2018

It was studied the epoxidation mechanism of allyl alcohol using titanosilicate zeolite (TS-1) at 40°C by means of procedures for the nomination and discrimination of mechanism hypotheses. The hypotheses was carried out using the literature data and the preliminary experiment results. Discrimination hypothetical mechanisms implemented on the basis of the univariate results of the kinetic experiment, varying concentrations of allyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and glycidol. The most probable mechanism involves the hydrogen peroxide and allyl alcohol adsorption at the catalyst active centers and the glycidol formation at a reversible stage in the interaction of the adsorbed molecules of the reactants. Considered hypotheses include a different sequence of interaction of the reactants with active catalyst centre. In addition, hypotheses take into account the formation of intermediate compounds as well as inactive products of the interaction of substances present in the reaction system, with the active centers on the silicalite surface. For each hypothesis, it was formulated the corresponding system of differential equations and carried out the estimation of the rate constants. The quality of the experimental data description was judged by the residual sums of squared deviations and correlation coefficients. The best results are obtained for the hypothesis involving the hydrogen peroxide and allyl alcohol adsorption at the two active catalyst centers with subsequent interaction of the resultant intermediates between them, with the formation of glycidol adsorbed on one center, free catalyst centre and molecule of water. Formation of free glycidol occurs at a reversible stage. A significant part of the active centers of the catalyst increasing the concentration of glycidol is associated with it. This is the main reason for the decrease of the reaction rate, apart from reducing the concentration of the reactants.
COLLOID-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE SURFACTANTS USED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYSTYRENE LATEXES
Authors: Gritskova I. A. , Amelichev A. A. , Satskevich O. A. , Shkolnikov A. V. , Ezhova A. A. , Simakova G. A. , Vasnyov V. A. , Lobanova N. A. , Izmaylov B. A.
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of polymeric suspensions with a narrow particle size distribution is an urgent problem in modern science. The resulting polymeric microspheres are applicable in various fields of chemistry, pharmaceuticals, biology and medicine. In particular, they can be used as carriers of bioligands to create diagnostic test systems. This article presents the results of a study on the colloid-chemical characteristics of water-insoluble fluorinated silicone surfactants and kinetics of the polymerization process in their presence. The results were compared with data from studies on the properties of surfactants of similar structure not containing fluorine atoms in their structure. Studying these substances’ rheology enabled to determine the most suitable surfactants for adsorption forming a strong interfacial layer during the formation of polymermonomer particles during the polymerisation. The ability of fluorinated silicone surfactants to form a stable polymeric slurry was proved during heterophase polymerization of vinyl monomers. The resulting polymeric suspensions were characterized by a narrow particle size distribution and high aggregative stability during the synthesis and in storage.
Deproletarisierung: Die Arbeitslosen als Reservearmee des Unternehmertums?
Authors: Bögenhold Dieter
Published: November 2018

Die sehr heterogen zusammengesetzte Erwerbstätigengruppe der Selbständigen galt seit langem wegen ihres säkular sinkenden Anteils an der Gesamtheit der Erwerbstätigen als sozialstrukturelles Residuum. Mit der Wiederkehr der Massenarbeitslosigkeit scheint aber auch der Trend zur Abnahme der Selbständigen gebrochen zu sein. Untersucht werden die Gründe für diesen Bruch anhand der Leitfrage, ob die Arbeitslosen eine Rekrutierungsbasis für neues Unternehmertum sein können.