bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the Job Does Not Fit: The Moderating Role of Job Crafting and Meaningful Work in the Relation Between Employees’ Perceived Overqualification and Job Boredom
Authors: Sánchez-Cardona Israel , Vera María , Martínez-Lugo Miguel , Rodríguez-Montalbán Ramón , Marrero-Centeno Jesús
Published: June 2019

Job boredom is a common experience at work; however, it has been neglected in research and practice compared to other well-being states. Based on the person-job fit theory, this article aims to examine the association between employees’ perceived overqualification and job boredom, analyzing potential moderators. In Study 1, we analyzed job crafting as a moderator using a sample of 832 employees from different organizations in Puerto Rico. Results supported the relation between employees’ perceived overqualification and job boredom but did not support the moderating effect of job crafting since only two dimensions (i.e., increasing structural resources and increasing challenging demands) significantly moderate this association in an opposite direction. In Study 2, we analyzed the moderating role of meaningful work with a sample of 394 employees. Results supported the moderating effect of meaningful work on the relation between employees’ perceived overqualification and job boredom. While job crafting dimensions of increasing structural resources and increasing challenging demands strengthen or have little effect on reducing the association between employees’ perceived overqualification and job boredom, meaningful work buffers this effect. These findings suggest that organizations must provide opportunities for employees to find meaning in their jobs. Additional research is needed to understand the role of job crafting to reduce job boredom.
Performance degradation assessment of slewing bearings based on deep auto-encoder and optimized particle filtering
Authors: Pan Yubin , Hong Rongjing , Chen Jie , Wu Weiwei
Published: June 2019

Due to the low speed and heavy load conditions of slewing bearings, extracting of effective features for fault diagnosis and prediction is difficult but crucial. Moreover, challenges such as large data volumes, unlabeled and multi-source bring more difficulties for advanced prognosis and health management methods. To solve these problems, a novel method for performance degradation assessment of bearings based on raw signals is proposed. In this methodology, a combination of deep auto-encoder (DAE) algorithm and particle filter algorithm is utilized for feature extraction and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction. First, the raw vibration signal is employed to train parameters of a restricted Boltzmann machine to build the DAE model. Through encoding and decoding multi-source data, root mean square error of reconstruction error between the raw signal and reconstructed signal is employed to detect incipient faults of slewing bearings. Then, degradation trend model is established by particle filtering to predict RUL of bearings. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated using simulated and experimental vibration signals. Results illustrate that proposed method can evaluate the performance degradation process and RUL of slewing bearings.
Experimental and analytical study on sliding vibration of a solid body
Authors: Yerlikaya Hakan , Soda Satsuya
Published: June 2019

It is accepted that the use of base isolation systems within a structure offers a decreased amount of maximum acceleration value throughout the structure and provides a higher level of comfort and safety to the residents even during extremely strong ground motions. We want to propose a new low-cost structural system with the aforementioned benefits of the base isolation. A structural model was developed using an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene film as a friction surface for the whole concrete base of a residential house, creating a friction-based base-isolation system. To understand the friction behavior between the two materials, a computer model was developed in SAP2000 software, and experiments were conducted to confirm the computer model’s proposed behavior. The created computer model is capable of accounting for the adjustments of the dynamic and static friction parameters depending on the velocity of the block. It is possible to conduct the numerical analysis with three-directional input to the system as well as nonlinear solving capabilities. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with the experiment results on a one-directional wave, along with the 1995 Kobe Earthquake ground motion record that had an input in three directions. The results confirm the reproducibility and predictable behavior of the proposed base-isolation method. The maximum acceleration of the concrete base will be no greater than nearly 30% of gravity acceleration regardless of the maximum acceleration of the ground motion.
New Technologies of Representation, Collaborative Autoethnographies, and “Taking it Public”: An Example From “Facilitating Communication on Sexual Topics in Education”
Authors: Douglas Kitrina , Carless David , Milnes Kate , Turner-Moore Rhys , Tan Jon , Laredo Erika
Published: June 2019

New technologies for representing and communicating autoethnographies make it possible to be publicly visible in new and interesting ways that weren’t possible prior to the digital revolution. An important ingredient in this process is the Internet platforms that can make the digitization of performances accessible across the world, even for short, modest creations from less experienced digital storytellers and film makers. As an illustration of the potential applications of digital technologies for “taking” autoethnographic research to the “public,” and making our research accessible to a wider audience, we share “Reverberations,” a collaborative autoethnography exploring bullying, homophobia, and other types of sexual harassment and associated feelings of shame, embarrassment, and fear which often surround these topics.
Notes on Terrible Educations: Auto/Ethnography as Intervention to How we See Black
Authors: Hill Dominique C. , Callier Durell M. , Waters Hill L.
Published: June 2019

“Notes on Terrible Educations” is a collective auto/ethnographic account of educational experiences. Through the usage of poetry and narrative, storytelling, and fictionalized accounts, this essay interrogates the authors’ educational experiences to bare witness, confront, reimagine, and provide redress, as necessary, to those negative experiences, persons, and teachers who shaped their schooling/educational journey.
Public Parks: Third Places or Places Eliciting Moral Panic?
Authors: Purnell David
Published: June 2019

Strengthening the connection between people and places they share, I was primarily concerned with how we shaped urban space to (re)make public spaces. This place making was about collectively (re)inventing public spaces based on the interactions that take place within them making connections to individuals and beginning conversations of the complexities of finding place. Therefore, the use of public space should indicate its designation as a third place and not sanctioned rules that control the use of public space. As urban spaces are made into public places through the interaction of community members, I look at how that space is used with a focus on designations of public places/spaces with two goals in mind: (a) The third-place designation can apply to public parks and the interactions that take place within them. (b) Banning activities in public places due to “moral panic” changes the community use of that space.
Patterns of Communicating About Family Health History: Exploring Differences in Family Types, Age, and Sex
Authors: Campbell-Salome Gemme , Rauscher Emily A. , Freytag Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Family communication environments can be a facilitator or barrier to family cooperation and communication in collecting family health history (FHH) information, which can facilitate disease prevention. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of family communicative environments on whether individuals actively collected FHH information, as well as how age and sex differences complicate this relationship. Participants ( N = 203) completed online surveys, answering close-ended questions about their family’s communication patterns, how open their family is to communicating about FHH, and whether they have actively collected FHH information. Results show there was a direct effect between open family communicative environments and active collection, and found FHH communication openness was a positive partial mediator. Conversely, family environments stressing hierarchy and homogeneity of beliefs inhibit open communication about and collection of a FHH. Analysis of age and sex as moderators in the models showed a significant conditional indirect effects, which grew stronger as participants’ age increased. Furthermore, results showed open family communicative environments lead to active collection of FHH for women, but not for men. Results confirm the importance of family communicative environments in facilitating or inhibiting FHH collection. Findings from the current study provide intervention points for practitioners to advise patients on the importance of collecting a FHH and guide behaviors to collect FHH information based on the family communicative environment.
The Psychosocial Aspects of Induced Abortion: Men in the Focus
Authors: Nagy Beáta , Rigó Adrien
Published: June 2019

Although a man is as well concerned in each case of induced abortion as a woman is, the amount of existing studies that attempt to describe and gain insight into the psychological effects of induced abortion on men is extremely small, either when considering this number in itself or when comparing it to the number of related studies focusing on women. The present article gives an overview of the existing psychological knowledge of men’s perspective on induced abortion including their typical reactions; roles; participation in, and responsibility for, decision-making; and their impact on the female partner. Furthermore, a number of related but understudied issues are addressed.
Effects of 2 Novel PYY(1-36) Analogues, (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) and PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL), on Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function, Growth, and Survival
Authors: Lafferty Ryan A , Gault Victor A , Flatt Peter R , Irwin Nigel
Published: June 2019

Recent studies have identified a beneficial role for peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) on pancreatic beta-cell function and survival. These effects are linked to the activation of neuropeptide Y1 receptors (NPYR1s) by PYY(1-36). However, PYY(1-36) is subject to rapid degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), resulting is the loss of NPYR1 activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop 2 enzymatically stable PYY(1-36) analogues, namely, (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) and PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL), with further structural modifications to enhance NPYR1 specificity. As expected, (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) was fully resistant to DPP-4-mediated degradation in vitro, whereas PYY(1-36) and PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL) were both liable to DPP-4 breakdown. PYY(1-36) and (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) induced significant reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from BRIN BD11 cells, but only PYY(1-36) diminished alanine-stimulated insulin secretion. In contrast, PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL) had no impact on GSIS or alanine-induced insulin release. All 3 PYY peptides significantly enhanced proliferation in BRIN BD11 and 1.1B4 beta-cell lines, albeit only at the highest concentration examined, 10-6 M, for (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) and PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL) in BRIN BD11 cells. Regarding the protection of beta-cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis, PYY(1-36) induced clear protective effects. Both (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) and PYY(1-36)(Lys12PAL) offered some protection against apoptosis in BRIN BD11 cells, but were significantly less efficacious than PYY(1-36). Similarly, in 1.1B4 cells, both PYY analogues (10-6 M) protected against cytokine-induced apoptosis, but (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) was significantly less effective than PYY(1-36). All 3 PYY peptides had no impact on refeeding in overnight fasted mice. These data underline the beta-cell benefits of PYY(1-36) and highlight the challenges of synthesising stable, bioactive, NPYR1-specific, PYY(1-36) analogues.
A rights-based approach to board quotas and how hard sanctions work for gender equality
Authors: Humbert Anne Laure , Kelan Elisabeth K , Clayton-Hathway Kate
Published: June 2019

This article examines whether progress in women’s access to decision-making positions is best achieved through increased levels of development or targeted actions. Drawing on European data for the period 2006–2018, the article examines the association between how gender equal a country is and legislated measures such as board quotas with women’s representation on boards. The analysis then explores how this can be nuanced by differentiating between hard sanctions, soft sanctions and codes of governance. It shows that board quotas cannot be relied upon as instruments of progress independently of a contextual environment that is more gender equal. Furthermore, board quotas with hard sanctions work best, followed by codes of governance, particularly when associated with higher gender equality. However, board quotas with soft sanctions are associated with results that are only marginally better than not having any measure in place. The article concludes that for further and faster progress to be made, introducing legislated board quotas shows great potential, though only in combination with striving for a gender equal society and using hard sanctions. The results call for organizations not to lose focus on ‘rights’ at the expense of the more palatable ‘business case’ for board quotas when striving for equality on corporate boards.
A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under dimethyl fumarate treatment without severe lymphopenia or immunosenescence
Authors: Diebold Martin , Altersberger Valerian , Décard Bernhard F , Kappos Ludwig , Derfuss Tobias , Lorscheider Johannes
Published: June 2019

Background:

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the main safety concern for dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Risk stratification under DMF is currently based on age above 50 years and prolonged lymphopenia below 500 cells/μL.

Objective:

To report a case of PML under DMF without severe lymphopenia or immunosenescence.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 39-year-old female pwMS developed DMF-associated oligosymptomatic PML. The patient had not experienced any repeated lymphocyte counts below 800 cells/μL and was 15 years younger than previously described cases.

Conclusion:

Despite risk stratification, vigilance for PML is advised in all pwMS under DMF. Severe CD8-lymphopenia is a common feature of all published DMF-associated cases.
Self-identification as a “gamer” among college students: Influencing factors and perceived characteristics
Authors: Stone Jeffrey A
Published: June 2019

Much of the research involving perceived characteristics of so-called “gamers” has been directed at deconstructing traditional stereotypes associated with the term. As gaming has become mainstream, research has investigated the changing nature of the term “gamer” as well as the factors which influence the perceptions of gamers. This study extends the literature by examining modern perceptions of “gamer” among a set of college-age adults. The study explores factors which impact self-identification as a “gamer” and uses content analysis to explore perceived characteristics of gamers. The results confirm that previously found factors influencing self-identification (frequency of play, gaming in the social network) still correlate with the “gamer” identity. The results also show that while traditional stereotypes still persist, the perceived meaning of the term “gamer” may be evolving. These results provide a foundation for future examinations of the gamer identity and provide insight into the evolution of the traditional gamer stereotype.
Smoothing, striating and territorializing: The assembling of ‘science in the making’
Authors: Aroles Jeremy , McLean Christine
Published: June 2019

Drawing on a rich two-year ethnographic study that followed evolutionary biologists in their everyday work, this paper explores the making of scientific knowledge through the spatial conceptual imagery developed by Deleuze and Guattari. In particular, this paper focuses on a field expedition to the South Pacific and investigates how different rhythms, forces and intensities are harmonized and assembled in the production of scientific knowledge. Within this setting, maintaining a balance between striating and smoothing forces is an important yet difficult task. On many occasions, alternative rhythms and ‘tropical forces’ jeopardized the success of the expedition, despite the scientists’ best efforts to formalize the research process and bring the striations of the laboratory into the forest. Paradoxically, these challenges also played a key role in the inquiry as they opened new possibilities and ultimately led to more intense engagements with the tropical forest and its rhythms and spatiality.
A podcast on urban ruins, or the aural weaving of theory and field
Authors: Paiva Daniel , Brito-Henriques Eduardo
Published: June 2019

Making a podcast can be a way to weave together concepts, theories or mere thoughts about places, and the aural sensory experience of being in place. In this short article, we present the NoVOID podcast, an audio podcast on ruins and vacant lands that combines interviews with scholars from various fields of knowledge and field recordings in various sites related to the subjects of the interviews. We discuss four possibilities for generating more-than-representational knowledge that podcasts allow, namely, grounding abstract concepts or theories into the materiality of space, augmenting the knowledge conveyed in discourse through aesthetic features, assembling together different realities into a fluid experience and mitigating the power of the discourse of experts. We expect to contribute towards a growing range of creative possibilities for conveying the affective contents of geographic research that are not easily translatable into words in a text.
Oblique interaction between water waves and a partially submerged rectangular breakwater
Authors: Kaligatla R. B. , Prasad N. M. , Tabssum S.
Published: June 2019

A problem of oblique wave scattering by a rectangular breakwater floating in water of uneven depth is solved by applying matched eigenfunction expansion method. Three positions of breakwater are considered. The width and draft of breakwater are assumed to be finite, whereas its length is infinite. Breakwater is studied in the settings of without backwall and with a backwall. By using matching conditions at interface boundaries and making use of orthogonal property of eigenfunctions, the problem is converted to a system of algebraic equations. Breakwater’s position is proposed for which wave reflection, transmission, and force on wall are optimized. The breakwater with certain width and draft reflects more wave energy than the one with zero-draft. In the case of absence of wall, breakwater at lee side to the step induces least transmission of waves. In the case of presence of wall, suitable position of breakwater is suggested based on a range of wave frequency to mitigate force on wall. Optimum distances between wall and breakwater are found to attain less force on wall. Using Green’s identity, energy balance relation is derived to check accuracy in results. The findings are likely to be useful to assess the performance of a breakwater in different positions in water of uneven depth.
Are you 110% sure? Modeling of fractions and proportions in strategy and management research
Authors: Villadsen Anders R , Wulff Jesper N
Published: June 2019

Many outcomes of interest to management and strategy researchers are in the form of fractions, proportions, or percentages. We review 10 years of research in seven leading strategy and management journals. Instead of implementing best-practice techniques, such as fractional logistic regression, management scholars rely primarily on linear regression, log-odds regression, or the Tobit model. Following up on our review, we present re-estimations of two published papers to show how best-practice methods yield substantially different results than the most commonly used methods. Using simulations, we confirm the results from the reproduced examples in a broader context. Finally, we present a worked example that researchers can lean on when they deal with fractional outcomes.
The Role of Referees in Professional Sports Contests
Authors: Duvinage Cedric , Jost Peter-J.
Published: June 2019

This article models the role of a referee in a contest, in which players can invest into both productive and sabotage effort. The model shows that (1) a referee significantly influences the equilibrium strategies of the contestants, (2) whether or not the referee improves the quality of a contest depends on his refereeing performance and the marginal penalty awardable subject to the rules of the game, (3) the value of the referee is independent of asymmetries between players, as long as the asymmetric attribute does not affect the referee’s errors, (4) corrupt referees pose a serious economic threat to the sports industry, and (5) a referee reduces the competitive imbalance between the contestants in an asymmetric contest.
A Hit, a Hit—A Very Palpable Hit: Mild TBI and the Development of Epilepsy
Authors: Danzer Steve C.
Published: June 2019

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Cutting the Losses of Pregnant Women With Epilepsy
Authors: Velez-Ruiz Naymee
Published: June 2019

[Box: see text]
Trading Symmetry for Energy Cost During Walking in Healthy Adults and Persons Poststroke
Authors: Roemmich Ryan T. , Leech Kristan A. , Gonzalez Anthony J. , Bastian Amy J.
Published: June 2019

Background. Humans typically walk in ways that minimize energy cost. Recent work has found that healthy adults will even adopt new ways of walking when a new pattern costs less energy. This suggests potential for rehabilitation to drive changes in walking by altering the energy costs of walking patterns so that the desired pattern becomes energetically optimal (ie, costs least energy of all available patterns). Objective. We aimed to change gait symmetry in healthy adults and persons poststroke by creating environments where changing symmetry allowed the participants to save energy. Methods. Across 3 experiments, we tested healthy adults (n = 12 in experiment 1, n = 20 in experiment 2) and persons poststroke (n = 7 in experiment 3) in a novel treadmill environment that linked asymmetric stepping and gait speed—2 factors that influence energy cost—to create situations where walking with one’s preferred gait symmetry (or asymmetry, in the case of the persons poststroke) was no longer the least energetically costly way to walk. Results. Across the 3 experiments, we found that most participants changed their gait when experiencing the new energy landscape. Healthy adults often adopted an asymmetric gait if it saved energy, and persons poststroke often began to step more symmetrically than they prefer to walk in daily life. Conclusions. We used a novel treadmill environment to show that people with and without stroke change clinically relevant features of walking to save energy. These findings suggest that rehabilitation approaches aimed at making symmetric walking energetically “easier” may promote gait symmetry after stroke.
Threatened but Involved: Key Conditions for Stimulating Employee Helping Behavior
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Azeem Muhammad Umer
Published: June 2019

This article examines the relationship between employees’ job involvement and helping behavior directed toward coworkers, as well as how this relationship might be augmented when employees encounter adversity, whether due to malicious leadership (abusive supervision) or threats to their physical integrity (workplace hazards, fear of terrorism). Drawing on a two-wave survey research design that collected data from employees and their supervisors in Pakistan, the results reveal that job involvement increases the likelihood that employees go out of their way to help their coworkers, and this relationship is strongest when they have to deal with the hardships of malicious leadership or threats to their physical safety. For organizations, these findings indicate that employees perceive their own allocation of positive work energy, derived from their job involvement, to helping behaviors that assist other members as particularly useful when they also experience significant adversity, inside or outside the workplace.
Publishing Conversion Rates and Trends in Abstracts Presented at the American Association for Hand Surgery Annual Meeting: A 5 Years Review
Authors: Peake Mitchell , Rotatori Robert Max , Ovalle Fernando , Gobble Ryan M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Abstract presentation at scientific meetings grants attendees early access to innovation within the field, and ultimate journal publication serves as marker of research quality. This study aims to assess the publication conversion rate of abstracts presented at the American Association for Hand Surgery (AAHS) annual conference over 5 years and examine variables related to publication. Methods: Abstract information for oral and poster presentations from the 2012 to 2016 AAHS annual meetings was obtained through the AAHS website. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for journal publications correlating with abstracts based on titles, authors, and key words. Variables analyzed included study type, time to publication, and journal of publication. Results: In all, 1135 abstracts were reviewed from the 5-year period, consisting of 535 oral presentations and 600 posters. Overall, 532 articles (47%) were published. The publication conversion rate was 49% for oral presentations and 45% for posters. Mean time to publication was 11 months, with most publications occurring within 2 years (87%). The most common journals for publication were Journal of Hand Surgery (30%), HAND (21%), and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (7%). Conclusions: About half of the studies presented at the annual AAHS meeting become published, with similar rates between oral and poster formats. Most of the successful abstracts achieved publication within 2 years from presentation, demonstrating the need for timely completion of manuscripts. The publication conversion rate increased in recent years, emphasizing the continued improvement of the scientific quality of presentations at the AAHS meeting.
An adaptive iterative learning control approach based on disturbance estimation for manipulator system
Authors: Liu Keping , Chai Yuanyuan , Sun Zhongbo , Li Yan
Published: June 2019

An adaptive iterative learning control approach based on disturbance estimation has been developed for trajectory tracking of manipulators with uncertain parameters and external disturbances. The external disturbances are estimated by the feedback iterative learning method, whereas the uncertain parameters are compensated by adaptive control. This approach which is based on the disturbance estimation technique provides a rapid convergence of trajectory tracking errors. According to the Lyapunov theory, the sufficient condition of the asymptotic stability has been developed for the 2-degrees of freedom (DOFs) manipulator system. The numerical results show that the adaptive iterative learning control approach based on disturbance estimation is feasible and effective for the 2-DOFs manipulator. A comparison of the adaptive iterative learning control method and the iterative learning control method is completed, which shows that the adaptive iterative learning control method performs a faster convergence of the disturbance to the steady state.
Weekend hospital discharge is associated with suboptimal care and outcomes: An observational Australian Stroke Clinical Registry study
Authors: Kilkenny Monique F , Lannin Natasha A , Levi Chris , Faux Steven G , Dewey Helen M , Grimley Rohan , Hill Kelvin , Grabsch Brenda , Kim Joosup , Hand Peter , Crosby Vanessa , Gardner Michele , Rois-Gnecco Juan , Thijs Vincent , Anderson Craig S , Donnan Geoffrey , Middleton Sandy , Cadilhac Dominique A
Published: June 2019

Background

The quality of stroke care may diminish on weekends.

Aims

We aimed to compare the quality of care and outcomes for patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack discharged on weekdays compared with those discharged on weekends.

Methods

Data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry from January 2010 to December 2015 ( n = 45 hospitals) were analyzed. Differences in processes of care by the timing of discharge are described. Multilevel regression and survival analyses (up to 180 days postevent) were undertaken.

Results

Among 30,649 registrants, 2621 (8.6%) were discharged on weekends (55% male; median age 74 years). Compared to those discharged on weekdays, patients discharged on weekends were more often patients with a transient ischemic attack (weekend 35% vs. 19%; p < 0.001) but were less often treated in a stroke unit (69% vs. 81%; p < 0.001), prescribed antihypertensive medication at discharge (65% vs. 71%; p < 0.001) or received a care plan if discharged to the community (47% vs. 53%; p < 0.001). After accounting for patient characteristics and clustering by hospital, patients discharged on weekends had a 1 day shorter length of stay (coefficient = −1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.52, −1.10), were less often discharged to inpatient rehabilitation (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.44) and had a greater hazard of death within 180 days (hazard ratio = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.42) than those discharged on weekdays.

Conclusions

Patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack discharged on weekends were more likely to receive suboptimal care and have higher long-term mortality. High quality of stroke care should be consistent irrespective of the timing of hospital discharge.
Systematic evaluation of stroke thrombectomy in clinical practice: The German Stroke Registry Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Alegiani Anna C , Dorn Franziska , Herzberg Moriz , Wollenweber Frank A , Kellert Lars , Siebert Eberhard , Nolte Christian H , von Rennenberg Regina , Hattingen Elke , Petzold Gabor C , Bode Felix J , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Schäfer Jan H , Wagner Marlies , Röther Joachim , Eckert Bernd , Kraft Peter , Pham Mirko , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Wunderlich Silke , Bernkopf Kathleen , Reich Arno , Wiesmann Martin , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Psychogios Marios , Liman Jan , Maier Ilko , Berrouschot Jörg , Bormann Albrecht , Limmroth Volker , Spreer Joachim , Petersen Martina , Krause Lars , Lowens Stephan , Kraemer Christoffer , Zweynert Sarah , Lange Kristin S , Thonke Sven , Kastrup Andreas , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Alber Burkhard , Braun Michael , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Dichgans Martin , Thomalla Götz
Published: June 2019

Background

Endovascular treatment has become standard of care for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. However, patients treated in clinical practice differ from the selected populations randomized in clinical trials.

Aims

The German Stroke Registry Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) aims at a systematic evaluation of outcome, safety, and process parameters of endovascular stroke treatment in standard of care in Germany.

Methods

The GSR-ET is an academic, independent, prospective, multicenter, observational registry study. Participating stroke centers from all over of Germany consecutively enroll patients transferred to the angiography suite with an intention to be treated with endovascular stroke treatment. Patients receive regular care. Data are collected as part of clinical routine. Baseline clinical and procedural information and clinical follow-up information after 90 days are recorded. Here, we present an analysis of baseline data of the first 1662 patients included in the GSR-ET.

Results

The registry was established in June 2015. By 31 December 2017, 1662 patients were enrolled in 23 active sites. Mean age was 72 ± 13 years, 50% were female, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission was 15 (IQR 10–19), 88% had anterior circulation occlusion. Median ASPECT score was 8 (IQR 7–10) prior to intervention. Fifty-nine percent of patients received intravenous thrombolysis prior to thrombectomy. Mean “onset-to-groin” time was 224 ± 176 min.

Conclusions

Baseline characteristics of stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy in clinical practice differ from those in the randomized trials. The GSR-ET will provide valuable insights into practices of endovascular treatment in routine care of acute ischemic stroke. (GSR-ET ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392.)
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: An analysis of clinical profiles and outcomes from a tertiary care centre in southern India
Authors: Binu Aditya John , Rajan Sudha Jasmine , Rathore Swati , Beck Manisha , Regi Annie , Thomson Viji Samuel , Sathyendra Sowmya
Published: June 2019

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a syndrome of maternal heart failure with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction affecting maternal and fetal well-being. We analysed clinical profiles and outcomes in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy enrolled retrospectively from a tertiary care centre in southern India (1 January 2008–31 December 2014). The incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy was one case per 1541 live births. Fifty-four women with a mean age of 25.5 years and mean gestational age of 35.4 weeks were recruited; 35 were primigravidae. Maternal and fetal deaths occurred in 9.3% and 24.1% of subjects, respectively. Mild-to-moderate maternal anaemia (80–110 g/L) was associated with fetal mortality (p = 0.02). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<30%, p = 0.04) and cardiogenic shock (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with adverse maternal outcomes. Forty per cent of women were followed up after 24.2 ± 17.7 months, and in these women a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction was seen (mean 16.4%, p < 0.01); all were asymptomatic. Peripartum cardiomyopathy with poor left ventricular ejection fraction and shock is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, while non-severe maternal anaemia predisposes to adverse fetal outcomes. Significant left ventricular ejection fraction recovery occurred on follow-up.
Ethical Leadership or Leadership in Ethics?
Authors: Newman Linda
Published: June 2019

People in leadership positions in early childhood services have multifaceted jobs. Underpinning all aspects of their leadership is the need to act ethically and to lead their team to do likewise. In this paper it is argued that acting ethically is not enough, particularly in a climate of change and challenge. Leaders are called on to reconceptualise their ideas about the importance of the ethical agenda to all aspects of their work. They are prompted to show conceptual leadership by not only leading ethically but also finding ways in which they can move the ethical agenda in Australia forward. Some ideas are proposed and leaders are asked to reconsider the importance of ethics in their work within early childhood settings and beyond.
Regulating the Early Childhood Field
Authors: Grieshaber Susan
Published: June 2019

This article provides a policy analysis of how one recent curriculum development in early childhood education acts to regulate the field. It argues that this and similar documents are based on economic rationalist principles and are the result of particular approaches to policy-making. Such documents show an increasing regulation of children, childhood, and early childhood educators because they set out to control early childhood curriculum practices through legislation at state and national levels. These developments are responses to broader economic, social, cultural, and political change and serve particular purposes of the state.
Neuroscience and Early Childhood? A Dangerous Liaison
Authors: Corrie Loraine
Published: June 2019

Educational writers from the USA have generated enormous enthusiasm for the ‘new’ brain research. However, neuroscientists urge caution in applying their findings to early childhood programs. Many brain research studies are exploratory, have been conducted on animals, and currently offer few conclusive findings. Prematurely coupling brain research and early childhood may be a dangerous liaison that could lead to the erosion of social justice for some children. The idea that some 0–3-year-old children need enrichment programs embodies a set of moral commitments and ethical assumptions that need to be considered by early childhood professionals.
Child Care and the Role of Employer Sponsorship
Authors: McBrien Hayley , Bower Anna
Published: June 2019

This paper examines current issues and availability of employer-sponsored child care in Australia and compares two international perspectives on the issue of child care and responsibility with the present Australian perspective. The historical emergence of employer-sponsored child care in Australia is traced over the past two decades and is supported by three examples of companies having successfully used such arrangements. Implications for early childhood professionals and the changing roles practitioners face in terms of ensuring quality and equity in services for young children and their families are discussed. The authors propose employer-sponsored child care as a viable option for Australian families, and argue for the establishment of a central body responsible for supporting and monitoring quality, with equity being an essential component.
Resilience in Child Refugees: An Historical Study
Authors: Palmer Glen
Published: June 2019

Research on unaccompanied refugee and evacuee children who came to Australia in the late 1930s and early ‘40s sheds light on parenting and caregiving practices which may support children in times of unexpected stress and trauma, and which may help protect them against the lifelong disabling effects such experiences can have. This lifespan retrospective study revealed that, while many children experienced short-term psychosomatic responses to the stress and trauma of separation, war, and persecution, there was a vast difference in effects over the longer term. Factors which may have contributed to this disparity are explored in this paper.
The Experiences of Beginning Early Childhood Educators
Authors: Mahmood Sehba
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of a group of beginning early childhood educators and to document the issues of importance in the transition period, from students to their first year of working. The participants were graduates of a three-year Diploma of Teaching Early Childhood Education from a New Zealand College of Education, and all graduated in the same year. The findings reveal that this transition period from the role of trainee to educator was disconcerting for all the participants. It pointed to the complex role with which a beginning early childhood educator is faced. The participants also identified the areas of practice they perceived as being inadequately prepared for. Preservice training issues were considered crucial and were seen to have an impact on their present experiences. This study provides information only from the perspective of the participants; no generalisations are intended.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Australian Early Childhood Trends since 1960
Authors: Nyland Berenice
Published: June 2019

Taking a retrospective look at articles published in established national journals can provide important insights into what have been dominant issues and themes of early childhood philosophy and practice over time. In celebrating 40 years of the Australian Journal of Early Childhood and its predecessor, the Australian Pre-School Quarterly, this article explores the content of 40 years of publication. Identified are major early childhood themes, influences, and issues that have arisen in the Australian context.
Science Education over 40 Years
Authors: Fleer Marilyn
Published: June 2019

Forty years of scholarly thinking has been documented in the Australian Pre-School Quarterly (APQ) and the Australian Journal of Early Childhood (AJEC). Has our thinking changed over the years? Have readers been usefully informed about developments in early childhood pedagogy? This paper provides an analysis of all published papers in early childhood science education in these journals as they relate to the broader literature in science education published elsewhere. Including science education in the early childhood curriculum has challenged early childhood pedagogy and raised many confronting questions about accepted practices. This analysis is revealing and demonstrates the tensions and struggles found in situating science education within an early childhood curriculum.
Enhancing Science Education for Young Children: A Contemporary Initiative
Authors: Watters James J. , Diezmann Carmel M. , Grieshaber Susan J. , Davis Julie M.
Published: June 2019

A major challenge facing teachers is how they can help children to develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to become scientifically literate citizens. Early childhood teachers are often hesitant about teaching science because they lack confidence in their conceptual knowledge and understandings. This paper describes a professional development initiative which enhances teachers’ understanding of science concepts, and supports their teaching of the subject. The workshops adopted a ‘child-centred’ approach that was scaffolded by teacher educators. Thus, the teachers’ learning paralleled those exemplary experiences advocated for children. Feedback from teachers was overwhelmingly positive and they reported an increased motivation for teaching science coupled with a better understanding of contemporary strategies. By capitalising on personal experiences of investigation of everyday phenomena in the workshop, teachers were able to identify those contemporary approaches consistent with effective science teaching and to understand why these approaches are effective.
The DAP Debate: Are we Throwing the Baby out with the Bath Water?
Authors: Aldwinckle Maree
Published: June 2019

Responses to the standardised guidelines for developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), as developed by Bredekamp in America, have sparked a debate about the usefulness of DAP as an approach to early childhood education. Australian commentators have joined this debate and are beginning to question the application of DAP in the Australian context. This article attempts to put the DAP debate into perspective by comparing aspects of the American and the Australian perspectives. Understandings of child development as a key determinant of early childhood practice are examined. Problems with detailing and articulating the evolving knowledge base from which early childhood educational practice is drawn are acknowledged. Further, the usefulness of following American trends that may not be applicable to the Australian scene is questioned.
Australian Support for the American National Board Standards of Exemplary Teaching
Authors: Chadbourne Rod
Published: June 2019

This paper canvasses four possible reasons why some Australian early childhood teachers seem more supportive than some Australian English teachers of the professional standards for exemplary teaching developed by the National Board in the US. It explores whether the difference is due to the nature of the teachers, the needs of the learning area, the standards themselves, or the research processes. A key contention emerging from an analysis of the early childhood teachers’ response is that the US National Board standards should not be regarded as belonging to the Americans just because they were the first to document them. Certainly, we need to construct our own standards in order to develop a sense of commitment and ownership. But this does not mean having to start from scratch. Along with educators across the world, we already ‘own’ the values, skills, and knowledge documented in the USNational Board standards. What we can profitably do is take the US standards and build on them.
Action Research, Ethics and the Risks of Practicing Freedom for Early Childhood Professionals
Authors: MacNaughton Glenda , Smith Kylie
Published: June 2019

‘Fourth generation action research, as envisaged by Kemmis and McTaggert (1986) embodies educational transformation and emancipation through using critical reflection and social critique as key research processes. In this article, I argue that reconceptualist action research offers a space in which early childhood practitioners can practice reflection as an ethico-political act, and in doing so work with more effect for equity in early childhood. Central to this possibility is the capacity and desire of early childhood professionals to consciously reflect to ‘free’ themselves from knowledge and practices that fix a true and certain way to think, act and be as an as early childhood professional. Learning how to risk traditional knowledges and traditional practices supports the pursuit of freedom and thus allows ethical practice to be genuinely tranformative.

‘… for what is ethics, if not the practice of freedom, the conscious [réflechié] practice of freedom’ (Michel Foucault in conversation with Rabinow (1997, p. 284)).
Helping Students Make Tough Decisions Wisely: The Challenge of Ethical Inquiry
Authors: Newman Linda , Pollnitz Lois
Published: June 2019

All early childhood educators, whether they work directly or indirectly with children and families, are confronted with problematic situations that involve ethical issues needing to be resolved. Ethical issues arise in early childhood educators’ relationships with children, with families, with colleagues, with supervisors, with students and with the community and society. In this article, it is argued that early childhood students in their professional preparation courses should be exposed to ethical inquiry and become actively engaged in making ethical judgements. It is our proposition that they will then enter the profession of early childhood education as ethical thinkers well-equipped to make sound ethical judgements. The Ethical Response Cycle is presented as a process-based tool for helping professionals apply and justify sensitive and systematic reflective reasoning to problematic situations. The cycle can be used by tertiary educators and students in professional preparation programs and by professionals already in the workplace.
Junior Pay, Senior Responsibilities: The Experiences of Junior Child Care Workers
Authors: Sims Margaret
Published: June 2019

The child care industry has provision in awards for junior wages. Juniors aged between 14 and 16 years receive 50 per cent of the minimum adult wage, and this increases until the adult wage is received at age 21. However, regulations do not specify responsibilities for junior workers. This study indicates there are many occasions when junior workers are required to undertake the same responsibilities as adult workers. This is of concern as the International Labour Organisation suggests that the principle of ‘equal pay for equal work’ is of importance. This study documents examples of junior workers required to work extra hours without pay, or to remain unpaid on the premises until numbers necessitate their presence. Junior workers appear more open to this type of exploitation as they tend not to question such requirements, nor to fight for their rights. If the child care industry is to retain junior wages, it needs to take responsibility for meeting the special needs of junior staff.