bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of self-avoiding walks
Authors: Marcone Boris , Nampoothiri Sankaran , Orlandini Enzo , Seno Flavio , Baldovin Fulvio
Published: July 2022

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations provide a striking confirmation to a recent theoretical prediction: the Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of critical self-avoiding walks. Although the mean square displacement of the polymer center of mass grows linearly with time (Brownian behavior), the initial probability density function is strongly non-Gaussian and crosses over to Gaussianity only at large time. Full agreement between theory and simulations is achieved without the employment of fitting parameters. We discuss simulation techniques potentially capable of addressing the study of anomalous diffusion under complex conditions like adsorption- or Theta-transition.
Bio-processing of oats to make malt
Authors: Chusova A E , Zelenkova A V , Novikova I V , Zueva N V , Romanyuk T I , Kulneva N G
Published: July 2022

The paper presents basic parameters for the malting process including germination, fermentation and drying. The ‘Kozyr’ oats were malted using a Ceremix 6 XMG enzyme preparation. Protein blends in oats during germination were investigated to show that total concentrations of albumins and globulins in oats increased from 32.3% to 55.0%, while concentrations of prolamins and glutelins decreased by 18.57% as compared to feed grains. The varying amino acids in oat malt were traced throughout the entire malting process. Amino acids in oat malt, which are more involved in the Maillard reactions, are listed in the following order: tyrosine, methionine, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine, cysteine, histidine, alanine and aspartic acid. The varying carbohydrate blends in the malt when dried were studied. Oat malt starch was found to react with water in the first nine hours of fermentation, ending up with a large amount of free sugars to be formed.
Stabilization of the quality of animal feed premixes during storage by introducing special additives
Authors: Drannikov A V , Krestnikova N V , Derkanosova A A , Torshina A A , Egorova G N , Anokhina E P
Published: July 2022

Studies of additives (copper chelate, pure culture of microorganisms micromycetes Trichoderma harzianum F114, enzyme preparation of b-mannanase) were carried out. Chelated compound of the trace element copper, its physical and mechanical properties, namely humidity, angle of repose, bulk density, hygroscopic point, average particle size were considered. The technique of cultivation of the microscopic fungus Trichoderma harzianum F114 is presented. The determination of the physical and mechanical properties of the enzyme preparation of b-mannanase (humidity, angle of repose, degrees, bulk density, average particle size, conditional caking) has been shown in the work. For the experiments, we used arbitration methods for assessing the quality of research objects. The components of the premixes should be stable during storage, should not have a pronounced aggressive effect on other biologically active substances, should be evenly distributed in the mass of the finished product, and have a high digestibility for the animal's body. It has been established that the introduction of the studied ingredients into the composition of the premix formulation will not have a negative effect on the quality of the premixes and compound feed.
Development of the innovative biotechnological methods of the biological preparations production for feed purposes
Authors: Volkova G S , Sokolova E N , Fursova N A , Yuraskina T V , Serba E M
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was the production of the biological preparations based on the hydrolyzed pea flour and the yeast biomass. The research objects were Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-1218 yeast with glucoamylase activity, pea flour, and Celloviridin S20X and Amyloprotoorizin S20X enzyme preparations (EP). The specific growth rate of the yeast was determined by the calculation method, protein content – via Kjeldahl and Lowry methods, reducing substances content – by Somogyi-Nelson assay, the amine nitrogen content – by the formol titration method, the number of living yeast cells – by sowing of dilutions. The amino acid content was measured on the KNAUER (Germany) high-performance liquid chromatograph. As the result of the studies, enzyme preparations for the fermentative processing of pea flour were selected. The cultivation conditions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-1218 yeast were opted. Under these chosen growing parameters the produced biomass contained 2.4×109 CFU/cm3 and specific growth rate of yeast was 0.264 h-1. The resulting biomass contained a high amount of essential amino acids. The biopreparations production based on the described ingredient is perspective. These biopreparations with increased biological value could be used for feed purposes.
Thermogravimetric and thermal characteristics of dehydration of semi-finished products to make pastilles from apple and pumpkin
Authors: Peregonchaya O V , Sokolova S A , D'yakonova O V , Kuznetsova I V , Saranov I A
Published: July 2022

The stage of drying pastilles (marshmallow) is the most time-consuming and energy-consuming. Its course depends on temperature, air convection, quality of raw materials and other factors. The dynamics of moisture removal can be monitored using thermal analysis methods. These methods provide information on the kinetics of dehydration, thermal stability of components, thermal effects of moisture removal. The results of the study of semi-finished products from apples and pumpkin were obtained on a Netzsch STA 449F3 device. The obtained data can be used in the modeling of technological production processes and can reduce the time and resources spent.
Construction for intermediate separation of ground grain in combined fodder production
Authors: Merchalov S V , Pryadkin V I , Orobinsky V I , Vorokhobin A V , Voronin V V , Smyshlyaev A A
Published: July 2022

The article provides research on a conical gravity separator with wedge-shaped separating channels expanding in the processed material's direction. Separation of the crushed grain material occurs due to the influence of the gravitational field and does not require additional energy consumption for the process itself. Energy is required to lift the processed material to a particular technological height. The use of wedge-shaped calibrating channels in the separator eliminates expensive frames, crank mechanisms, bearing assemblies and shafts, suspension, and drive mechanisms as in sieve mills. This circumstance reduces the cost and, at times, the metal consumption of the structure, the overall dimensions in comparison with other separating devices used for such an operation. The study of the proposed separator is based on several samples made with different angles of the cone Q, degrees, and dimensions of the wedge-shaped channel: initial width a-2; 2.5; 3mm; the final width is b-3; 4; 5 mm, the length of all channels is L-200 mm. The quality of the grinding products of the processed and finished fractions was evaluated by the coefficient of variation of the fractional composition Ɣ. During the research, the specific extraction of the through-feed fraction, the modulus of grinding of the initial product, the qualitative composition of the initial and finished product was determined by the coefficient of variation of the fractional composition Ɣ. Based on the results of the research, experimental dependencies were built, which made it possible to identify the following technological and design parameters of the separator: the optimal modulus of grinding of the processed raw materials, the load, the angle of the cone, at which the value of the specific recovery of the passage with constant dimensions of the wedge-shaped channel is of most significant importance. Studies have shown the high technical performance of the proposed separator: the specific extraction of finished fractions is up to 3000 kg/m2h at a taper angle Q = 54° ÷ 52° and a grinding module of the initial fraction M = 1.3 mm. The separator works stably at high loads P > 4 t / h. The coefficient of variation of the finished fraction is reduced to 12%, which increases its quality compared to the original. The obtained results of experimental studies confirm the feasibility of using the proposed gravity separator in collective and private farms and the industrial production of compound feed.
Biochemical properties of triticale. Triticale sprouts in food technology
Authors: Zhukov A M , Anosova M V , Popov I A , Churikova S Yu , Manzhesov V I
Published: July 2022

The growing demand for agricultural and food products is forcing agricultural producers to provide agricultural production growth. The development of new food products based on grain seedlings is one of the directions of the market for functional food products. Triticale is a relatively new grain crop that can take its rightful place among traditional grain crops and in food production. One of the promising areas for using grain crops is the production of grain seedlings, which are characterized by a high content of vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, microelements. The selection of modern varieties of triticale and methods of obtaining seedlings from grain will allow to determine promising directions for the use of triticale in the food industry, which, in turn, will contribute to the popularization of this culture as grains for processing.
Influence of diets, lactating animal breeds and seasons of the year on the fatty acid composition of cow milk
Authors: Topnikova E V , Zabolotin G Yu , Danilova E S , Dunaev A V
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of studies of the fatty acid composition of milk raw material obtained in different periods of the year from herds of lactating animals, including individual experiments on the influence of the feeding diet, the influence of the breed composition of the herd, the season of the year on the fatty acid composition of milk. The milk used in terms of quality and safety met the requirements for milk for the production of cheese and butter. Studies of the effect of feed on the fatty acid composition of cow milk were carried out in the summer period of the year in the same group of separately isolated animals of the Black-Motley breed in the amount of 44 heads, which are in yard housing. On the basis of the same farm, comparative studies of the milk quality obtained in different periods of the year (spring, summer and winter) were carried out, when the feeding diet continues to be actively adjusted taking into account the needs of the body of lactating animals and the availability of seasonal feed (green meadow grass, silage, cattle cake, bran and etc.). Differences in the fatty acid composition of milk obtained in different seasons of the year were established. Differences in the fatty acid composition of milk obtained from Jersey, Shvitsk and Kholmogorsk breeds were revealed in terms of the main saturated ones, incl. low molecular weight fatty acids and palmitic acid, as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The differences are associated with both animal breeds and their housing.
Technology for the production of curd mass enriched with vegetable filler Melissa officinalis L.
Authors: Lyashchuk Yu O , Platonova O V , Kostrova Yu B , Romanov K I
Published: July 2022

The paper presents to topical issues of functional food production technology, which has its own characteristics. Since milk and dairy products are initially a source of bioactive substances in the form of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and Ca, from a technological point of view, it is advisable to add functional components rich in dietary fiber and antioxidants to the formulation. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the issues of preserving the beneficial properties of bioactive substances not only in the process of preparing raw materials for introduction into a product, but also at subsequent stages of the production-consumption cycle. Food products made from milk and its derivatives have functional properties aimed at normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the body's immune resistance to pathogens of infectious diseases and leveling the harmful effects of the environment. Herbal preparations from essential oil plants of the Lamiaceae family are distinguished by a high content of dietary fiber, have high antioxidant activity and have an immune-strengthening effect on the human body. The average annual increase in the output of curd products in the dairy industry is about 8-13%, which indicates the prospects for the development of new recipes for functional curd-based products.
Optimization of rabbit meat and liver pates technology with protein-carbohydrate components
Authors: Kupchak D V , Tabalova P A
Published: July 2022

The paper describes the study devoted to the production technology of protein-carbohydrate components based on soya, vegetables, wild Far Eastern raw materials, which includes operations for joint disintegration and extraction of preliminary steeped soy seeds and crushed fresh carrots or sweet pepper in a ratio of 1:1, separation of the obtained mixture, introduction of bulb onions, bracken, mushrooms into insoluble residue, granulation and drying. The analysis of the chemical composition of the developed protein-carbohydrate components showed that the proposed technology made it possible to increase the protein content to 15.0%, fat to 6.5%, dietary fibers to 22%, which exceeds similar indicators for vegetable dried concentrates existing on the market. Based on the analysis of mathematical models, the main factors affecting the quality of rabbit meat and liver pastes with a protein-carbohydrate component were determined: mass fraction of the protein-carbohydrate component was 30.00-30.55%; mass fraction of fat – 12.6-16.3%; duration of chopping – 8.6-10.7 min. The technology of designed pates production was experimentally confirmed.
White cheese texture profile at different storage temperatures
Authors: Sasmazer Rukiye Colak , Korukluoglu Mihriban , Ginoyan R V , Platova G I
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of different storage temperatures on textural properties of white cheese, such as cohesion, chewing, tackiness, hardness and elasticity, after storing them at temperatures of 4, 10, and 24 °C for three months. The methodological and information base of the study was compiled by the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists in the field of ripening and storage of brine cheeses. Scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, correlation-regression analysis, induction and deduction, as well as comparative and index methods were used. The results of foreign and domestic studies made it possible to establish that there were no studies of Turkish white cheese storage and ripening in brine under various temperature conditions. As part of the task, the authors of the paper conducted studies to determine the effect of storage conditions of white Turkish cheese in three different temperature modes (4, 10 and 24 °C). As a result, it was recognized that in terms of structural and mechanical characteristics (texture) and sensory properties it is most preferred and economically feasible to ensure cheese ripening and storage in the temperature range from 4 to 10 °C.
Technological aspects of innovative milk-based bioproducts
Authors: Boiarineva I V , Zambalova N A , Khamagaeva I S
Published: July 2022

The strategic goal of modern food technology is to create complete and safe products enriched with biologically active components that ensure the maintenance and activation of vital human functions, and increase the body’s general resistance to aggressive living conditions. The development of functional food products, including bioproducts, is one of the most affordable and effective ways to correct the nutrition and health of modern people. The scientific understanding of a positive effect of functional food products on the human body, on its physiological functions is the most important task of researchers, since this not only makes it possible to clarify the mechanism of favorable action of functional food products on the body, but also to purposefully design new products of this type. One representative of functional food products is probiotics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), probiotics are living microorganisms or products fermented by them that have a beneficial effect on human health mainly revealed in the gastrointestinal tract [1]. The greatest interest in probiotics arose in the early 70s, when the excessive use of antibiotics, the deterioration of the environmental situation led to violations of human microbiocenosis, as well as the phenomena of antibiotic resistance. In this regard, the strategic task of dairy specialists is to create fermented dairy products with high probiotic properties, which have a diverse positive effect on human health. Currently, various researchers have proposed new methods for the production of kefir using microorganisms with a pronounced probiotic effect. Kefir fungi as a representative of protosymbiotic microbial associations, as well as propionic bacteria, are considered as promising probiotics which positive impact on human health is generally recognized. A biological feature of classical propionic bacteria (compared, for example, with lactic bacteria) is the ability to produce a number of metabolites, including B vitamins, including folic acid, vitamin B12 and bifidogenic factors, the flux of propionic acid (propionates) and polypeptides with antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties, the presence of antioxidant enzymes in cells. The relevant direction of this study is the creation of fermented milk bioproducts based on a consortium of propionic and lactic bacteria of kefir fungal starter enriched with a high number of viable microorganism cells, vitamin B12 having antimutagenic and antioxidant properties. A new microbial consortium based on lactic and propionic bacteria was experimentally created. This paper presents the experimental data on technological features of new milk-based bioproducts taking into account the biochemical activity of a combined starter. The effect of inulin prebiotic on biochemical and rheological properties of bioproducts was studied. The study also shows the characteristics of finished bioproducts, and justifies their high biological value.
Efficient heat treatment in fish hot smoking technology
Authors: Poholchenko V , Mishanina L , Ilyin A , Glukhikh Ya
Published: July 2022

Modern fish processing enterprises require the introduction of new energy-efficient modes in their production processes which will give possibility to produce high-quality products being safe for the consumer. In the production technologies of smoked fish products, complex heat and mass transfer and biochemical processes are activated. The first are considered to be decisive in terms of energy costs for their implementation and in terms of their impact on the final properties of the finished product. The research of dewatering and heating processes requires the determination and systematic analysis of changes in the moisture content and temperature of fish in various modes. The regularities of the dehydration kinetics, fish heating in the process of hot smoking are analyzed. During the heat treatment of fish raw materials, samples of different types, sizes and chemical composition were selected. The possibility of generalization of the fish dehydration kinetics curves is confirmed. It is identified that in order to obtain high-quality hot smoking finished products, it is necessary to use cool-down heat treatment modes for high-fat fish and more rigid for processing fish with a low fat content. Improving the efficiency of heat treatment in the technology of hot smoked fish is based on obtaining generalized patterns of the process which allow us to design optimal operating parameters. The design of optimal modes of hot smoking of fish was carried out using the developed methodology for calculating the processes of dehydration and fish heating which ultimately let us determine the relationship between the processes of heat and mass transfer. Optimal energy-efficient and resource-saving modes of production hot-smoked fish products from raw materials with high, medium and low fat content have been developed and tested. It ensures high-quality smoked fish production output.
Modification of epoxidized methyl esters of sunflower oil fatty acids with some diols
Authors: Ulanova A A , Stolpovskaya N V , Chertov S S , Kruzhilin A A , Shikhaliev Kh S
Published: July 2022

It is possible to obtain products with a wide range of useful properties as a result of the modification of epoxidized vegetable oils and their derivatives. The aim of this work was to develop methods for the synthesis of new products by the reaction of epoxidized sunflower oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with dihydric alcohols: ethylene glycol, butanediol-1,4, diethylene glycol, as well as in the study of their structure and properties. Dependences of the structure of the obtained products on the conditions of the process and the type of the modifier have been established. It was shown that carrying out the modification at a higher temperature (100 ° C) leads to the formation of crosslinked products as a result of intermolecular dehydration with the participation of both hydroxyl groups of the diol molecule. In addition to the opening of the oxirane ring, the transesterification process with the participation of the ester fragment is realized. Certain characteristics of the obtained products, including the acid number, saponification number, were determined, and the emulsifying effect was evaluated. In addition, the solidification temperature and pour point were determined for the products obtained. It was found that the products of modification of epoxy derivatives of FAME of sunflower oil obtained at 50 ° C have the greatest emulsifying effect.
Obtaining additional product from sugar beet
Authors: Kulneva N G , Sviridova T V , Agafonov G V , Lobacheva N N , Matvienko N A , Motina E A
Published: July 2022

The possibility of intermediate products - yellow sugars - processing for obtaining additional products manufactured by the sugar industry is studied in this work. Their main disadvantage is the presence of a non-sugars film on the crystal surface. This film contains high molecular weight colouring agents and other compounds that have not been removed during the juice purification process. The objectives of this study were to select the optimal conditions for the affination purification of yellow sugar crystals, to determine its quality characteristics, and to assess the possibility of its application in food production. The use of yellow sugar melting as an affining solution was justified in the work. The affination process optimal parameters were selected with the mathematical modeling methods. The efficiency of mineral compounds and toxic elements removal in the process of affination was studied, the microbiological parameters of sugars were determined. It was found out that the affination process caused a decrease in the total microbial contamination and the amount of mucus-forming microflora, while thermophilic microorganisms, yeasts and moulds completely disappeared. Affinated yellow sugar contained less sucrose than white sugar did. It partially retained mineral and organic components of sugar beet, and this increased its demand. A product from affinated yellow sugar with the rosehip powder added was produced; rational conditions for its obtaining were selected within the framework of the study. The characteristics of this product were investigated by sensory, spectral and thermogravimetric analysis methods. It was found out that the rosehip powder added into the composition of the product based on affinated yellow sugar had a beneficial effect on its characteristics. The studies carried out allow us to conclude that affinated yellow sugar is possible to use as a raw material for obtaining new products.
Investigation of the structure transformation effect of ion-exchange membranes on a separation processes efficiency of technological solutions and an ecological safety of food production enterprises
Authors: Lazarev S I , Shestakov K V , Khokhlov P A , Khorokhorina I V , Abonosimov O A , Polyansky K K
Published: July 2022

A membrane separation of solutions, along with other purification methods, plays an important role in the effective and ecological safety of food production enterprises and is used for softening and demineralization of water, separation, concentration and purification of technological solutions, as well as for other processes. An important problem of membrane and electromembrane separation methods is to increase the used membrane selectivity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the structure transformation effect of ion-exchange membranes on a separation processes efficiency of technological solutions and an ecological safety of food production enterprises using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analysis of the calculated values of crystallinity degree (CD) by X-ray diffractograms allowed us to identify the different effect of water saturation on the studied membranes. The structure of their material changes, which in turn affects the transport characteristics of the membranes, the efficiency of separation and, ultimately, the environmental ecological safety food enterprises. The cation-exchange membrane MK-40L was characterized by an increase in CD by 5.83%, and the anion exchange membrane MA-41P on the contrary was characterized by a decrease in CD by 5.87%. The crystallite sizes were distributed in the range of 0.096-0.345 nm for the MA-41P membrane and 0.096-0.193 nm for the MK-40L membrane. During thermal studies by DSC one endothermic and exothermic sections were revealed on the obtained curves in the temperature range of 30-202 and 202-498 °C for the MK-40L membrane and 30-223 °C and 223-498 °C for the MA-41P membrane, respectively. The endothermic sections of the curves were characterized by one endothermic peak. Four or five pronounced exothermic peaks were registered on the exothermic sections. At the same time, the MK-40L membrane was characterized by more intense peaks in a water-saturated sample and the MA-41P membrane in the dry one.
Technology development of producing adsorption material from cereal crops waste for accidental oil spill response
Authors: Sverguzova S V , Stepanova S V , Khafizova L Y , Shaikhiev I G
Published: July 2022

The article considers the developed technology of producing sorption material based on chemically and thermally modified cereal grain husks for removing accidentaloil spillsfrom water surface. Equipment, modes and conditions for modifying the surface of a new adsorption material in order to increase the sorption capacity in relation to oil and construction of mats are proposed. The calculated cost of the resulting modifiers is tenstimes lower than the standard adsorbents used inaccidental oil spill responses. Additionally, a threefold use of treated sorption material based on modified crops waste by pressing has been theoretically justified. It is proposed to incinerate the waste generated as a result of accidental oil spillremoval from the water surface in a pulsate combustion unit at a temperature of 1100 °C. The hazard class of ash generated during combustion has been determined – class 3. Semi-industrial tests with the proposed modified materials for the elimination of emergency oil spills on the surface of an unnamed stream have been carried out. As a result, the concentration of oil in water decreased by 99.99 %, as well as toxicity.
Continuous-flow hop dryer with endogenous convection heat producers
Authors: Prosviryakova M V , Storchevoy V F , Goryacheva N G , Mikhailova O V , Novikova G V , Storchevoy A V
Published: July 2022

The paper describes a KhS-400 hop dryer configuration that calls for operating conditions to be aligned for autumn conditions due to a lower moisture-absorbing capacity of ambient air, thus making consumer-oriented characteristics unstable. It seems relevant to design a continuous-flow hop dryer to provide endogenous convection drying of freshly harvested hops that reduces operating costs and maintains consumer-oriented characteristics. The innovative idea is that the hop dryer incorporates resonators with concave surfaces and ceramic perforated convex bases, and oscillators operating at close frequencies: 915 MHz, 2375 MHz, 2450 MHz. The scientific goal is to develop continuous-flow methods and equipment with microwave generators and reasonably-configured unconventional resonators for drying hops, providing electromagnetic safety with no shield. The configuration comprises concave paraboloid and concave hyperboloid resonators sequentially fitted to form a drying chamber. The shared bases of the joined resonators are dielectric convex perforated disks rigidly fixed. A conveyor belt runs along the drying chamber. A duct is attached at one side of the base to the junction of the hyperboloid resonator with the paraboloid resonator. An air outlet is attached at the other side of the base to the junction of the hyperboloid resonator with another paraboloid resonator. Generators are located along the perimeter of both paraboloid resonators and along the perimeter of a small-diameter circle of the hyperboloid resonator with an offset of 120 °. The vertices of both paraboloid resonators are truncated and have slots wide enough for letting the conveyor belt pass carrying the raw material.
Investigation of thermophysical properties of milk thistle seeds and oils with the differential scanning calorimetry method
Authors: Saranov I A , Rudakov O B , Berestovoy A A , Toroptsev V V , Likhacheva L B , Martekha A N
Published: July 2022

The purpose of work was to study the possibility of increasing the information content of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data when studying properties of various samples of milk thistle seeds and oils. The possibility of DSC method application for studying milk thistle oils thermophysical properties is shown, and the method for conducting temperature measurements is described in the work. The results of thermal analysis of milk thistle raw materials and oils obtained with cold pressing by the DSC method showed noticeable differences in oils melting profiles. When analyzing samples of milk thistle oils, differing from each other in the variety, place and growing conditions, it can be seen that the melting curves have differences with the general similarity of the profiles. The peaks of the DSC profile curves of oil stored at room temperature for six months are shifted towards higher temperatures compared to the DSC profile of freshly pressed oil, which is explained by oxidative deterioration and leads to an increase in the temperature of triacylglycerols phase transitions. This confirms the assumption that the DSC method can be used as an independent method for quality control of liquid vegetable oils. The selection of phase transitions temperatures of oils and raw materials was carried out with double differentiation. The use of the NETZSCH Peak Separation program according to the general algorithm for calculating the second melting curves derivatives and determining the endothermic peaks area made it possible to increase the information content of thermograms obtained by the DSC method. Thermal analysis showed an increased residual content of unsaturated fats in the meal obtained by cold pressing oil extracting.
Study of operating modes of a double-chamber diaphragm milk pump
Authors: Atanov I V , Kapustin I V , Gritsay D I , Kulaev E V
Published: July 2022

Diaphragm (membrane) pumps refer to a class of devices with a reciprocating movement of the working body that are widely used in various industrial technologies and in everyday life. In agricultural production, these pumps are used in the production line of milking installations and for creating a vacuum in individual milking machines. The most important distinguishing feature of a diaphragm pump is the minimum mechanical effect on the pumped product due to the excluded action of centrifugal forces, which in turn excludes mechanical impact and foaming. Therefore, they are mainly used for delicate pumping of products, in particular milk. Another important feature of the pump design is its tightness that serves as a reliable barrier to isolate the working and external environments. A significantly smaller number of rubbing parts in comparison with centrifugal pumps ensures higher reliability and minimum maintenance. Analysis of modern designs of diaphragm pumps showed that their productivity and operational reliability can be improved as follows: two-chamber version; the increased usable volume of the chamber due to the diaphragm structuring; electric drive of the working body. The team of authors substantiated the design of a two-chamber milk pump with an electromagnetic drive, substantiated its supply to ensure stable operation of the milking installation throughout the entire milking time, and calculated the effect of the structured diaphragm diameter on the pump flow. The laboratory bench of the Department of Machines and Technologies of Agro-industrial Complex, Stavropol State Agrarian University, was used for experimental studies, and the estimated payback period for the developed pump design was found not to exceed 1.2...1.5 years.
Soft electronics by inkjet printing metal inks on porous substrates
Authors: Kang Dong Jin , Gonzaléz-García Lola , Kraus Tobias
Published: July 2022

Soft electronic devices enable new types of products for an ergonomic interaction of humans with a digital environment. The inkjet (droplet on demand) printing of electrically conductive ink in plural on soft substrates such as paper, textile, and polymers is a promising route for the prototyping and small-scale production of soft electronics that is efficient, cost-saving, and provides a rapid turnaround due to its fully digital workflow. The choice of materials and processing parameters is challenging, however, due to the combined complexity of metal-containing inks, their dynamics during droplet ejection, the active role of the porous substrate, and possible post-deposition steps. This review focuses on recent developments in inkjet printing of metal inks onto soft, porous substrates and their applications. The first section discusses the general principles in the inkjet printing of metal inks, including drop formation and jetting, wetting, and post treatment processes. The second section deals with the effect that the porosity of substrates has on the drying, diffusion, and adhesion of inks. Finally, current challenges and achievements of inkjet-printed, metal-containing inks are discussed.
Body Mass Index Trajectories From Childhood to Adulthood and Age at Onset of Overweight and Obesity: The Influence of Parents’ Weight Status
Authors: Nielsen Jannie , Hulman Adam , Narayan K M Venkat , Cunningham Solveig A
Published: July 2022

We investigated the influence of parents’ weight status on their children’s growth trajectories and its association with age at onset of overweight and obesity. We used 16,396 height and weight records from 3,284 youths from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, followed across childhood into adulthood (United States, 1997–2017). Across age groups, we modeled body mass index trajectories (ages 5–32 years) according to parents’ weight status, using mixed-effect models to estimate age at onset of overweight and obesity and proportion with obesity from childhood to adulthood. There were large differences in growth patterns according to parents’ weight status: Children of parents with obesity had, on average, overweight at age 6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5, 7) and steep growth trajectories until age 12; children of normal-weight parents had slower increases in body mass index, reaching overweight on average at age 25 (95% CI: 24, 27). By age 30, 30% (95% CI: 28, 31) of youths had obesity. Differences in early-life growth persisted into adulthood: 48% (95% CI: 45, 52) of adult children of parents with obesity had obesity versus 16% (95% CI: 14, 19) of those of normal-weight parents. Trajectories to unhealthy weight were heavily influenced by parents’ weight status, especially before age 12, children of parents with obesity having overweight 19 earlier in life than children of normal-weight parents.
VIII—Intrinsically Desiring the Vague
Authors: Spencer Jack
Published: July 2022

If there are vague propositions, then the question arises whether it is rational to care intrinsically about the vague. This paper argues—contraBacon (2018), the most comprehensive defence of vague proposition to date—that it is. Some things, such as pain, may be rational to care intrinsically about only if precise, but some things, such as truth, are rational to care intrinsically about even if vague.
deepGraphh: AI-driven web service for graph-based quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis
Authors: Gautam Vishakha , Gupta Rahul , Gupta Deepti , Ruhela Anubhav , Mittal Aayushi , Mohanty Sanjay Kumar , Arora Sakshi , Gupta Ria , Saini Chandan , Sengupta Debarka , Murugan Natarajan Arul , Ahuja Gaurav
Published: July 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computational techniques allow rapid exploration of the chemical space. However, representation of the compounds into computational-compatible and detailed features is one of the crucial steps for quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Recently, graph-based methods are emerging as a powerful alternative to chemistry-restricted fingerprints or descriptors for modeling. Although graph-based modeling offers multiple advantages, its implementation demands in-depth domain knowledge and programming skills. Here we introduce deepGraphh, an end-to-end web service featuring a conglomerate of established graph-based methods for model generation for classification or regression tasks. The graphical user interface of deepGraphh supports highly configurable parameter support for model parameter tuning, model generation, cross-validation and testing of the user-supplied query molecules. deepGraphh supports four widely adopted methods for QSAR analysis, namely, graph convolution network, graph attention network, directed acyclic graph and Attentive FP. Comparative analysis revealed that deepGraphh supported methods are comparable to the descriptors-based machine learning techniques. Finally, we used deepGraphh models to predict the blood–brain barrier permeability of human and microbiome-generated metabolites. In summary, deepGraphh offers a one-stop web service for graph-based methods for chemoinformatics.
Replicability in cancer omics data analysis: measures and empirical explorations
Authors: Wang Jiping , Liang Hongmin , Zhang Qingzhao , Ma Shuangge
Published: July 2022

In biomedical research, the replicability of findings across studies is highly desired. In this study, we focus on cancer omics data, for which the examination of replicability has been mostly focused on important omics variables identified in different studies. In published literature, although there have been extensive attention and ad hoc discussions, there is insufficient quantitative research looking into replicability measures and their properties. The goal of this study is to fill this important knowledge gap. In particular, we consider three sensible replicability measures, for which we examine distributional properties and develop a way of making inference. Applying them to three The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets reveals in general low replicability and significant across-data variations. To further comprehend such findings, we resort to simulation, which confirms the validity of the findings with the TCGA data and further informs the dependence of replicability on signal level (or equivalently sample size). Overall, this study can advance our understanding of replicability for cancer omics and other studies that have identification as a key goal.
Cysteine string protein alpha accumulates with early pre-synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rupawala Huzefa , Shah Keshvi , Davies Caitlin , Rose Jamie , Colom-Cadena Marti , Peng Xianhui , Granat Lucy , Aljuhani Manal , Mizuno Keiko , Troakes Claire , Perez-Nievas Beatriz Gomez , Morgan Alan , So Po-Wah , Hortobagyi Tibor , Spires-Jones Tara L , Noble Wendy , Giese Karl Peter
Published: July 2022

In Alzheimer’s disease, synapse loss causes memory and cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease are not well understood. In the hippocampus, alterations in the level of cysteine string protein alpha, a molecular co-chaperone at the pre-synaptic terminal, occur prior to reductions in synaptophysin, suggesting that it is a very sensitive marker of synapse degeneration in Alzheimer’s. Here, we identify putative extracellular accumulations of cysteine string alpha protein, which are proximal to beta-amyloid deposits in post-mortem human Alzheimer’s brain and in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Cysteine string protein alpha, at least some of which is phosphorylated at serine 10, accumulates near the core of beta-amyloid deposits and does not co-localize with hyperphosphorylated tau, dystrophic neurites or glial cells. Using super-resolution microscopy and array tomography, cysteine string protein alpha was found to accumulate to a greater extent than other pre-synaptic proteins and at a comparatively great distance from the plaque core. This indicates that cysteine string protein alpha is most sensitive to being released from pre-synapses at low concentrations of beta-amyloid oligomers. Cysteine string protein alpha accumulations were also evident in other neurodegenerative diseases, including some fronto-temporal lobar dementias and Lewy body diseases, but only in the presence of amyloid plaques. Our findings are consistent with suggestions that pre-synapses are affected early in Alzheimer’s disease, and they demonstrate that cysteine string protein alpha is a more sensitive marker for early pre-synaptic dysfunction than traditional synaptic markers. We suggest that cysteine string protein alpha should be used as a pathological marker for early synaptic disruption caused by beta-amyloid.
Panobinostat enhances NK cell cytotoxicity in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Lu Xiuxia , Liu Mengmeng , Yang Jing , Que Yi , Zhang Xing
Published: July 2022

Sarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous class of mesenchymal malignancies with poor prognosis. Panobinostat (LBH589) as one of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in patients with sarcoma, but its mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we found that LBH589 alone inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) cell lines. Transcriptome analysis showed that treatment with LBH589 augmented the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometric analysis (FACS) further confirmed that LBH589 increased the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/MICB. Mechanistically, LBH589 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating the histone acetylation in β-catenin promoter. In vitro co-culture experiments and in vivo animal experiments showed that LBH589 increased the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells while Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor decreased the effects. Our findings suggest that LBH589 facilitates the anti-tumor effect of NK cells, highlights LBH589 an effective assistance drug in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
A functional connectome signature of blood pressure in >30 000 participants from the UK biobank
Authors: Jiang Rongtao , Calhoun Vince D , Noble Stephanie , Sui Jing , Liang Qinghao , Qi Shile , Scheinost Dustin
Published: July 2022

Aims

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to cognitive decline in late life. Despite the fact that functional changes may precede irreversible structural damage and emerge in an ongoing manner, studies have been predominantly informed by brain structure and group-level inferences. Here, we aim to delineate neurobiological correlates of BP at an individual level using machine learning and functional connectivity.

Methods and results

Based on whole-brain functional connectivity from the UK Biobank, we built a machine learning model to identify neural representations for individuals’ past (∼8.9 years before scanning, N = 35 882), current (N = 31 367), and future (∼2.4 years follow-up, N = 3 138) BP levels within a repeated cross-validation framework. We examined the impact of multiple potential covariates, as well as assessed these models’ generalizability across various contexts.

The predictive models achieved significant correlations between predicted and actual systolic/diastolic BP and pulse pressure while controlling for multiple confounders. Predictions for participants not on antihypertensive medication were more accurate than for currently medicated patients. Moreover, the models demonstrated robust generalizability across contexts in terms of ethnicities, imaging centres, medication status, participant visits, gender, age, and body mass index. The identified connectivity patterns primarily involved the cerebellum, prefrontal, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and precuneus, which are key regions of the central autonomic network, and involved in cognition processing and susceptible to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Results also showed more involvement of default mode and frontoparietal networks in predicting future BP levels and in medicated participants.

Conclusion

This study, based on the largest neuroimaging sample currently available and using machine learning, identifies brain signatures underlying BP, providing evidence for meaningful BP-associated neural representations in connectivity profiles.
High-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies: comparisons of three Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) geographic populations
Authors: Carlson Curtis R , ter Horst Anneliek M , Johnston J Spencer , Henry Elizabeth , Falk Bryce W , Kuo Yen-Wen
Published: July 2022

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the insect vector of the causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease of commercial citrus. Presently, few genomic resources exist for D. citri. In this study, we utilized PacBio HiFi and chromatin confirmation contact (Hi-C) sequencing to sequence, assemble, and compare three high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies of D. citri collected from California, Taiwan, and Uruguay. Our assemblies had final sizes of 282.67 Mb (California), 282.89 Mb (Taiwan), and 266.67 Mb (Uruguay) assembled into 13 pseudomolecules—a reduction in assembly size of 41–45% compared with previous assemblies which we validated using flow cytometry. We identified the X chromosome in D. citri and annotated each assembly for repetitive elements, protein-coding genes, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, piwi-interacting RNA clusters, and endogenous viral elements. Between 19,083 and 20,357 protein-coding genes were predicted. Repetitive DNA accounts for 36.87–38.26% of each assembly. Comparative analyses and mitochondrial haplotype networks suggest that Taiwan and Uruguay D. citri are more closely related, while California D. citri are closely related to Florida D. citri. These high-quality, chromosome-scale assemblies provide new genomic resources to researchers to further D. citri and HLB research.