bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin induced life threatening macroglossia in a child
Authors: Mondal Rakesh , Sarkar Sumantra , Sabui Tapas , Pan Partha Pratim
Published: January 2013

Isolated acquired macroglossia of tongue rarely reported. It occurs due to causes like hereditary angioedema, localized angioedema, etc., Here we describe an 8‑year‑old boy developing life threatening localized angioedema of tongue due to phenytoin without any association with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome or pseudolymphoma encountered in rural medical college. Anticonvulsants, that is, phenytoin induced this isolated peculiar complication, which was not described before.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Menon Bindu , Goyal Rajeev , Nihal Lalit , Reddy Rajasekhar
Published: January 2013

Ulcerative colitis has been reported to show hyper coagulation leading to peripheral and rarely central thrombosis. A 35‑year‑old female was admitted with chief complaints of increased frequency of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss for 2 months. The patient was diagnosed to have ulcerative colitis after sigmoidoscopy and biopsy and she was started on treatment. Two days later, the patient developed headache and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed cerebral venous thrombosis with venous infarcts. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose this uncommon condition so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.
Repeated hydrocephalus in recurrent intraventricular neurocysticercosis: An uncommon presentation
Authors: Joshi Krishna C , Singh Hukum , Sakhuja Puja , Singh Daljit
Published: January 2013

A rare case of a 42-years old man presented with repeated hydrocephalus due to the neurocysticercosis cyst (NCC) in the lateral ventricle. Patient was operated previously 2½ years back for a similar lesion at same site. Both times he was treated endoscopically with removal of the cyst. Interestingly there was no parenchymatous lesion at any stage of follow up. Isolated recurrent intraventricular NCC is a rare condition that has never been reported in the literature.
Does the Excessive use of Mobile Phones in Young Adults Reflect an Emerging Behavioral Addiction?
Authors: Basu Debasish , Kate Natasha , Nehra Ritu , Grover Sandeep , Khehra Nitasha
Published: January 2013

Background and objective

Mobile phones have become an essential part and parcel of modern life. Some of the studies have shown potentially adverse consequences of excessive mobile phone use. Aim of this study was to explore the pattern of mobile phone use among young adults and evaluate the mobile phone use pattern on the substance dependence criteria and assess the adverse consequences of mobile phone use.

Materials and methods

A 46-item questionnaire based on the ICD-10 substance dependence syndrome criteria, CAGE questionnaire and keeping the possible adverse consequences of excessive use in mind was given to the participants.

Results

A total of 212 young adults with a mean age of 21.6 years participated in the study. About one-third of the participants met three or more of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and more than half (57.1%) fulfilled two or more items on the CAGE questionnaire. Those who fulfilled the dependence criteria spent more time per day on the mobile phone and more frequently had harmful consequences on various aspects of life.

Conclusion

Excessive mobile phone use is associated with adverse consequences in different spheres of life and some subjects use it in dependent pattern.

How to cite this article

Nehra R, Kate N, Grover S, Khehra N, Basu D. Does the Excessive use of Mobile Phones in Young Adults Reflect an Emerging Behavioral Addiction? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):177-182.
Is Sonographic Calculation of Talonavicular Angle During Ponseti Correction of Clubfoot a Reliable Prognostic Indicator?
Authors: Prakash Mahesh , Dhillon Mandeep , Gupta Naveen , Sudesh Pebam , Tripathy Sujit K
Published: January 2013

Background

Ultrasonographic evaluation of clubfoot is an objective method of severity assessment. The objective of this article is to assess the reliability of clubfoot severity assessment by sonographic evaluation of talonavicular angle (TNA) and the reliability of assessing change in angle on simulated Ponseti manipulation.

Materials and methods

Twenty-six infants with unilateral idiopathic clubfoot, treated by serial manipulation and casting by Ponseti technique, were prospectively evaluated by clinical scoring (Dimeglio and Pirani scores) and sonographic measurements of TNA at the start of treatment, after midfoot correction and after complete correction achieved. The TNA and the change in TNA on simulated Ponseti manipulation were noted. Total number of POP casts required to achieve final correction were noted; and correlated with change in TNA on attempted Ponseti manipulation.

Results

Mean TNA in clubfoot (66.46°) in static position was significantly different from that of contralateral normal foot (101.3°). Mean change in TNA on simulated Ponseti manipulation was 22.54° (5-50°) and it showed negative correlation with clinical scores and total number of casts required for final correction (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that the change in TNA on simulated Ponseti manipulation was the best predictor of treatment outcome in congenital talips equinovarus (CTEV) (with predictability of 60% compared to 19 and 25% of Dimeglio score and Pirani score respectively).

Conclusion

Sonographic evaluation of TNA and change in TNA on simulated Ponseti manipulation can better assess the severity of clubfoot in infants. This objective method of assessment is less expensive, clinically applicable reproducible and it can better predict the treatment outcome.

How to cite this article

Gupta N, Sudesh P, Prakash M, Tripathy SK, Dhillon MS. Is Sonographic Calculation of Talonavicular Angle During Ponseti Correction of Clubfoot a Reliable Prognostic Indicator? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):190-195.
Estimation of the climate feedback parameter by using radiative fluxes from CERES EBAF
Authors: Björnbom P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) net radiative flux anomalies from Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Systems (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) and surface air temperature anomalies from HadCRUT3 were compared for the time interval September 2000–May 2011. In a phase plane plot with the radiative flux anomalies lagging the temperature anomalies with 7 months the phase plane curve approached straight lines during about an eight months long period at the beginning and a five year period at the end of the interval. Both of those periods, but more clearly the latter one, could be connected to the occurrence of distinct El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes. This result is explained by using a hypothesis stating that non-radiative forcing connected to the ENSO is dominating the temperature changes during those two periods and that there is a lag between the temperature change and the radiative flux feedback. According to the hypothesis the slopes of the straight lines equal the value of the climate feedback parameter. By linear regression based on the mentioned five year period the value of the climate feedback parameter was estimated to 5.5 ± 0.6 W m−2 K−1 (± two standard errors).
Organization of surgical services and operating room efficiency in Norwegian hospitals
Authors: Bratlid Dag , Raknes Svein Petter
Published: January 2013

Background Most studies on operating room (OR) efficiency have focused on how local factors within the surgical facilities (micro level), such as turnover time, case duration and non-operative time, affects operating room efficiency. Few studies have analyzed how different strategies for organizing surgical services on the departmental or hospital level (macro level) might affect OR efficiency. Norwegian hospitals have organized their surgical services on the macro level along two different strategies. Most hospitals have separate facilities for out-patient surgery and in-patient surgery, often also geographically separated. Most hospitals also have specialty specific OR (orthopedics, gastroenterology, gynecology etc.), while in other hospitals different subspecialties share the same OR. This study was undertaken to analyze any effect of these different organizational strategies in relation to OR efficiency. Methods Data on organization of surgical services and operation volume for 2009 was gathered from eleven Norwegian university and larger county hospitals with a similar case mix. Total OR efficiency and OR efficiency during ordinary work hours were analyzed separately for out-patient and in-hospital surgery, including emergency operations. Calculation of OR during ordinary hours (8am-3pm) was based on 230 workdays per year, and included emergency operations. Results OR efficiency was 721 operations per OR per year with a range from 525 to 1049 and was not related to the different strategies for organizing these services. Furthermore, no correlation was found between OR efficiency and operation volume or number of OR. OR efficiency during ordinary hours and workdays was 3.6 operations per day for out-patient surgery and 1.8 for in-patient surgery including emergency operations. This was considerably less than standards used in planning surgical facilities in Norwegian hospitals. Conclusion OR efficiency is probably more related to organization of the surgical services on the micro level than to strategies for organizing these services on the macro level. The large variation in operating room efficiency in Norwegian hospitals indicates that many hospitals have a potential for improvement. The discrepancy between actual OR efficiency and standards used for planning of surgical facilities represents a challenge in future hospital planning.
Detection of source code similitude in academic environments
Authors: Bejarano Andrés M. , García Lucy E. , Zurek Eduardo E.
Published: January 2013

This article presents a proposal for the detection of programming source code similitude in academic environments. The objective of this proposal is to provide support to professors in detecting plagiarism in student homework assignments in introductory computer programming courses. The developed tool, CODESIGHT, is based on a modification of the Greedy String Tiling algorithm. The tool was tested in one theoretical and three real scenarios, obtaining similitude detections for assignments ranging from those that contained code without modifications to assignments containing insertions of procedural instructions inside the main code. The results verified the efficiency of the tool at the first five levels of the plagiarism spectrum for programming code, in addition to supporting suspicions of plagiarism in real scenarios. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:13–22, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21571
Morphological integration versus ecological plasticity in the avian pelvic limb skeleton
Authors: Stoessel Alexander , Kilbourne Brandon M. , Fischer Martin S.
Published: January 2013

Understanding patterns and distributions of morphological traits is essential for discerning underpinning processes of morphological variation. We report on the variation in the avian pelvic limb skeleton. Length and width variables were measured in the skeletons of 236 avian species in order to examine the importance of body mass, ecological factors, phylogeny and integration in the formation of specific hindlimb morphology. Scaling relationships with body mass were analyzed across Aves and in individual avian subclades. Principal component analysis and multiple regressions were performed to examine the relationship between morphology, ecology, and phylogeny. Finally, the occurrence of within‐limb morphological integration was tested by partial correlation analysis of the residuals from element lengths vs. body mass and correlation analysis of avian hindlimb proportions. Body mass is the greatest contributor to variation, and it strongly influences variation in avian skeletal lengths. Lengthening of the leg typically comes from disproportionate increases in tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal length. Partial correlation analysis showed that only these two elements are distinctly integrated consistently across all bird taxa, whereas relation of femur and third toe to other limb elements displays no clear pattern. Hence, morphological integration of all elements is not a prerequisite for limb design, and variation between taxa is mainly to be found in femoral and digital length. Furthermore, variation in tibiotarsal relative length is much lower than in other elements likely due to geometric constrains. Clear ecological adaptations are obscured by multifunctionality of the avian hindlimb, and phylogeny significantly constrains the morphology. Finally, when looking at relative lengths segmented limbs meet the requirements of many‐to‐one‐mapping of phenotype to functional property, in line with a common concept of evolvability of function and morphology. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gonad morphology, gametogenesis, and reproductive modes in fishes of the tribe Starksiini (Teleostei, Blenniiformes)
Authors: Fishelson Lev , Baldwin Carole C. , Hastings Philip A.
Published: January 2013

A comparative study of the reproductive organs in 17 of the 30 species of the tribe Starksiini (Labrisomidae, Blenniiformes) and related labrisomids reveals the major traits of gamete form and production and likely reproductive modes. The testes are of the lobular type and have a testicular gland and sperm ducts. Isodiametric sperm (aquasperm) with a globular head or anisodiametric sperm (introsperm) with an elongate head, or both, were observed in the studied species. Both types have either one or two flagella in the sperm tail. Ovaries of the Starksiini are bilobed and exhibit synchronous or asynchronous egg production. Although viviparity or “ovoviviparity” reportedly characterizes the group, our study revealed evidence of both internal and external fertilization and three modes of reproduction. External fertilization or ovuliparity is suggested for the Starksia atlantica and S. lepicoelia species complexes by the presence in males of a short genital papilla that is not reinforced through adhesion with the first anal‐fin spine and by the absence of sperm within the ovaries. Internal fertilization and zygoparity is indicated for most species by the presence of an intromittent papilla in males that is adhered to the first anal‐fin spine, “nests” of sperm within the ovaries, absence of embryos within the ovarian lamellae and usually thick egg envelopes bearing dense covers of adhesive filaments. Internal fertilization and embryoparity is indicated for starksia fulva and Xenomedea rhodopyga by an intromittent papilla that is adhered to the first anal‐fin spine of males, anisodiametric sperm in males, delicate egg envelopes without adhesive filaments and developing embryos within follicular envelopes or within the follicle in females. Although many of these features are seen in the internally fertilizing clinid blennies, starksiins differ in retaining the testicular gland typical of labrisomids and in lacking sperm packaging typical of other internally fertilizing teleosts. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rates of the colloid coagulation in the presence of irreversibly adsorbing and non‐adsorbing polymers
Authors: Chervanyov A.I. , Heinrich G.
Published: January 2013

We have developed an analytic self‐consistent field theory of the effective interactions between nano‐ colloids mediated by irreversibly adsorbing polymers and non‐adsorbing polymers having a gyration radius much larger than that of colloids. By making use of this theory, we have calculated the potential of the polymer‐mediated forces for the above cases of polymer adsorption. On the basis of the obtained results for the polymer‐mediated potentials, we have obtained the stability ratio and rate of the coagulation in the presence of adsorbing and non‐adsorbing polymers. As a final result of our studies, we constructed the coagulation diagram that quantifies the combined effect of the Van der Waals and polymer‐mediated forces on the rate of colloid coagulation. Kinetic stability of the material‐specific colloid systems is discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of polysulfone/graphite nanosheets composites capsules for the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution
Authors: Ma Ying‐Xia , Li Yan‐Feng , Yang Liu‐Qing , Zhao Guang‐Hui
Published: January 2013

In this study, the polysulfone (PSF) capsules containing graphite nanosheets (GNS) were successfully prepared by a phase inversion precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry were employed in the characterization of the as‐prepared PSF/GNS composites capsules. Meanwhile, the adsorption properties of the composites capsules for the phenol in aqueous solution were investigated by batch methods. The results showed that the phenol adsorption uptake would be increased with the enhancement of initial concentration and adsorption time, and the adsorption of phenol should be more favorable at pH value less than 9. The composites capsules would be a kind of promising alternative adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the phenol from aqueous solutions at a low concentration. The adsorption kinetics of the capsules for phenol accorded with pseudo‐second‐order model, and the best fits of adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich equation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted microporous polyaniline films for solar cell applications
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E. , Chang Y.C. , Al‐Ghamdi A.A. , Al‐Marzouki F. , Bronstein Lyudmila M.
Published: January 2013

The solicitude to molecularly imprinted conjugated polymers is flourishing due to their auspicious properties for a myriad of technological and industrial applications. The preparation conditions strongly affect the structure, optical, thermal, and electrical properties of these polymers. Subsequently, a consistent contemplation is desired to entrench consanguinity between processing stipulations and these variables. Here, molecularly imprinted polyaniline films, based ascorbic acid as a template, have been synthesized via electropolymerization technique. This template has been extracted from the films to create microporous polyaniline films. The morphology and structure of these films were investigated using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric test showed an enhancement in the thermal stability of molecular imprinted polyaniline compared with non‐imprinted techniques. The optical measurements showed that the rate of light absorption is increased twice with low transmission and reflection. The electrical conductivity increased by four orders with activation energy of 0.30 eV. The optoelectronic measurements of molecularly imprinted microporous polyaniline films showed that the filling factor and external quantum efficiency are enhanced compared with non‐imprinted polyaniline films. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Perylene diimide copolymers with dithienothiophene and dithienopyrrole: Use in n‐channel and ambipolar field‐effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Wen Yugeng , Zhou Weiyi , Guo Yunlong , Ma Lanchao , Zhao Xingang , Zhao Zhen , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Liu Yunqi , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: January 2013

Solution‐processable polymers consisting of perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor moieties alternating with dithienothiophene (DTT), N‐dodecyl‐dithienopyrrole (DTP), or oligomers of these donor groups have been synthesized. We have, in addition to varying the donor, varied the N,N′ substituents of the PDIs. The thermal, optical, electrochemical, and charge‐transport properties of the polymers have been investigated. The polymers show broad absorption extending from 300 to 1000 nm with optical band gaps as low as 1.2 eV; the band gap decreases with increasing the conjugation length of donor block, or by replacement of DTT by DTP. The electron affinities of the polymers, estimated from electrochemical data, range from −3.87 to −4.01 eV and are slightly affected by the specific choice of donor moiety, while the estimated ionization potentials (−5.31 to −5.92 eV) are more sensitive to the choice of donor. Bottom‐gate top‐contact organic field‐effect transistors based on the polymers generally exhibit n‐channel behavior with electron mobilities as high as 1.7 × 10–2 cm2/V/s and on/off ratios as high as 106; one PDI‐DTP polymer is an ambipolar transport material with electron mobility of 4 × 10–4 cm2/V/s and hole mobility of 4 × 10–5 cm2/V/s in air. There is considerable variation in the charge transport properties of the polymers with the chemical structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis and structural characterization of a nickel(II) precatalyst bearing a β‐triketimine ligand and study of its ethylene polymerization performance using response surface methods
Authors: Hamedani Nona Ghasemi , Arabi Hassan , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Mair Francis S. , Jolleys Andrew
Published: January 2013

The reaction of N‐(4‐(mesitylamino)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ylidene)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenamine (1) with n‐butyl lithium and then with N‐(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)‐acetimidoyl chloride yields a new β‐triketimine ligand, N‐(4‐(mesitylamino)‐3‐(1‐(mesitylimino)ethyl)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ylidene)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenamine, 2. The addition of 2 to nickel (II) dibromide 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (NiBr2(DME)) in the presence of [Na]+[3,5‐(CF3)4C6H3]4B]− (NaBAr'4) gives a five‐coordinate dimeric complex [(2.NiBr)2].2 [(BAr'4)], 3. The structure of 3 has been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. This complex generates catalytically active species for the homopolymerization of ethylene in combination with methylaluminoxane to produce elastomeric, branched polyethylene. The effect of factors (temperature, pressure, and cocatalyst to catalyst molar ratio (CC)) on the polymerization process has been investigated using regression models of responses (catalyst activity, crystallinity, and weight‐average molecular weight of polymer (Mw)) and visualized via the response surface method (RSM). Activity and Mw responses show a second‐order variation with temperature and vary linearly with pressure. Conversely, crystallinity follows a second‐order model while varying temperature, pressure, and CC. Furthermore, a set of polymerization conditions for reaching desirable responses was predicted and then experimentally verified. The activities achieved challenge the best reported activities for Ni(II) catalysts with β‐connected imine ligand supports, but fall short of those for α‐diimines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Photovoltaic performance enhancement using fluorene‐based copolymers containing pyrene units
Authors: Song Chang Eun , Kang In‐Nam , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Hwang Do‐Hoon , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Ahn Taek , Shin Won Suk , Moon Sang‐Jin , Lee Sang Kyu
Published: January 2013

A set of novel conjugated polyfluorene co‐ polymers, poly[(9,9′‐didecylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(4,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐ 2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole‐5,5‐diyl)‐co‐(pyrene‐1,6‐diyl)], are synthesized via Pd(II)‐mediated polymerization from 2,7‐bis(4′,4′,5′, 5′‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9,9′‐di‐n‐decylfluorene, 4, 7‐di(2‐bromothien‐5‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole, and 1,6‐dibromopyrene with a variety of monomer molar ratios. The field‐effect carrier mobilities and optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the copolymers are systematically investigated. The hole mobilities of the copolymers are found to be in the range 7.0 × 10−5 − 8.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the on/off ratios were 8 × 103 − 7 × 104. Conventional polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/LiF/Al are fabricated. Under optimized conditions, the polymers display power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the PSCs in the range 1.99–3.37% under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). Among the four copolymers, P2, containing a 2.5 mol % pyrene component incorporated into poly[9,9′‐didecylfluorene‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFDTBT) displays a PCE of 3.37% with a short circuit current of 9.15 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage of 0.86 V, and a fill factor of 0.43, under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Dispersion RAFT polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in toluene mediated with the macro‐RAFT agent of polystyrene dithiobenzoate: Effect of the macro‐RAFT agent chain length and growth of the block copolymer nano‐objects
Authors: Dan Meihan , Huo Fei , Zhang Xu , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Wangqing
Published: January 2013

The dispersion reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in toluene in the presence of the polystyrene dithiobenzoate (PS‐CTA) macro‐RAFT agent with different chain length is discussed. The RAFT polymerization undergoes an initial slow homogeneous polymerization and a subsequent fast heterogeneous one. The RAFT polymerization rate is dependent on the PS‐CTA chain length, and short PS‐CTA generally leads to fast RAFT polymerization. The dispersion RAFT polymerization induces the self‐assembly of the in situ synthesized polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) block copolymer into highly concentrated block copolymer nano‐objects. The PS‐CTA chain length exerts great influence on the particle nucleation and the size and morphology of the block copolymer nano‐objects. It is found, short PS‐CTA leads to fast particle nucleation and tends to produce large‐sized vesicles or large‐compound micelles, and long PS‐CTA leads to formation of small‐sized nanospheres. Comparison between the polymerization‐induced self‐assembly and self‐assembly of block copolymer in the block‐selective solvent is made, and the great difference between the two methods is demonstrated. The present study is anticipated to be useful to reveal the chain extension and the particle growth of block copolymer during the RAFT polymerization under dispersion condition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Direct breath figure formation on PMMA and superhydrophobic surface using in situ perfluoro‐modified silica nanoparticles
Authors: Farbod Farnaz , Pourabbas Behzad , Sharif Mehdi
Published: January 2013

Breath figure formation was carried out directly on the surface of poly(methylmethacrylate) using a mixture of a good solvent, tetrahydrofuran, and a nonsolvent, water. Direct breath figure formation was coined for this method and a mechanism was proposed to describe the figure formation by the method based on hypothesizes available for the normal breath figure formation. The proposed mechanism is such that the sonication effect, immersion time, and water content on characteristics of the obtained figures can be explained. The figured surface was then made superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 175° using in situ growing of perfluoro modified silica nanoparticles inside the figure cell by one‐pot method. The spherical modified silica nanoparticles were detected being trapped by figure features providing a mechanical entrapment of the low‐surface energy nanoparticles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Charming CP violation and dipole operators from RS flavor anarchy
Authors: Delaunay Cédric , Kamenik Jernej F. , Perez Gilad , Randall Lisa
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Recently the LHCb collaboration reported evidence for direct CP violation in charm decays. The value is sufficiently large that either substantially enhanced Standard Model contributions or non-Standard Model physics is required to explain it. In the latter case only a limited number of possibilities would be consistent with other existing flavor-changing constraints. We show that warped extra dimensional models that explain the quark spectrum through flavor anarchy can naturally give rise to contributions of the size required to explain the the LHCb result. The D meson asymmetry arises through a sizable CP-violating contribution to a chromomagnetic dipole operator. This happens naturally without introducing inconsistencies with existing constraints in the up quark sector. We discuss some subtleties in the loop calculation that are similar to those in Higgs to γγ. Loop-induced dipole operators in warped scenarios and their composite analogs exhibit non-trivial dependence on the Higgs profile, with the contributions monotonically decreasing when the Higgs is pushed away from the IR brane. We show that the size of the dipole operator quickly saturates as the Higgs profile approaches the IR brane, implying small dependence on the precise details of the Higgs profile when it is quasi IR localized. We also explain why the calculation of the coefficient of the lowest dimension 5D operator is guaranteed to be finite. This is true not only in the charm sector but also with other radiative processes such as electric dipole moments, b → sγ, ϵ
′/ϵ

K
and μ → eγ. We furthermore discuss the interpretation of this contribution within the framework of partial compositeness in four dimensions and highlight some qualitative differences between the generic result of composite models and that obtained for dynamics that reproduces the warped scenario.
Lattice QCD study of the radiative decays J/ψ → η

c

γ and h

c
→ η

c

γ
Authors: Bečirević Damir , Sanfilippo Francesco
Published: January 2013

Abstract

We present the results of our lattice QCD study of the hadronic matrix elements relevant to the physical radiative J/ψ → η

c

γ and h

c
→ η

c

γ decays. We used the twisted mass QCD action with N
f = 2 light dynamical quarks and from the computations made at four lattice spacings we were able to take the continuum limit. Besides the form factors parameterizing the above decays we also computed: (i) the hyperfine splitting and obtained Δ = 112 ± 4 MeV, (ii) the annihilation constant f
J/ψ which agrees with the one inferred from the measured Γ(J/ψ → e
+
e
−).
Competitive balance of intrabulge BMP/Wnt signaling reveals a robust gene network ruling stem cell homeostasis and cyclic activation
Authors: Kandyba Eve , Leung Yvonne , Chen Yi-Bu , Widelitz Randall , Chuong Cheng-Ming , Kobielak Krzysztof
Published: January 2013

Hair follicles facilitate the study of stem cell behavior because stem cells in progressive activation stages, ordered within the follicle architecture, are capable of cyclic regeneration. To study the gene network governing the homeostasis of hair bulge stem cells, we developed a Keratin 15-driven genetic model to directly perturb molecular signaling in the stem cells. We visualize the behavior of these modified stem cells, evaluating their hair-regenerating ability and profile their molecular expression. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-inactivated stem cells exhibit molecular profiles resembling those of hair germs, yet still possess multipotentiality in vivo. These cells also exhibit up-regulation of Wnt7a, Wnt7b, and Wnt16 ligands and Frizzled (Fzd) 10 receptor. We demonstrate direct transcriptional modulation of the
Wnt7a
promoter. These results highlight a previously unknown intra-stem cell antagonistic competition, between BMP and Wnt signaling, to balance stem cell activity. Reduced BMP signaling and increased Wnt signaling tilts each stem cell toward a hair germ fate and, vice versa, based on a continuous scale dependent on the ratio of BMP/Wnt activity. This work reveals one more hierarchical layer regulating stem cell homeostasis beneath the stem cell–dermal papilla-based epithelial–mesenchymal interaction layer and the hair follicle–intradermal adipocyte-based tissue interaction layer. Although hierarchical layers are all based on BMP/Wnt signaling, the multilayered control ensures that all information is taken into consideration and allows hair stem cells to sum up the total activators/inhibitors involved in making the decision of activation.
ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
Authors: Shah Sumit P. , Goren Jordana F. , Lazzara Matthew D. , Strominger Mitchell B. , Hedges Thomas R. , Duker Jay S. , Reichel Elias
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report a case series of patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy in which patients concomitantly used oral norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Methods:

Retrospective case review.

Patients:

Three patients with retinal findings consistent with acute macular neuroretinopathy are presented.

Conclusion:

The use of oral neuromodulators should be considered in cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy.
PRESSURE-INDUCED INTERLAMELLAR STROMAL KERATITIS AFTER VITREORETINAL SURGERY
Authors: Wong Chee Wai , Lee Shu Yen
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To describe a patient with pressure-induced interlamellar stromal keratitis after complicated vitreoretinal surgery, occurring 7 years after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis.

Methods:

Case report and review of the literature.

Results:

A 45-year-old man presented with increasing pain and blurring of vision in his left eye 3 weeks after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This was associated with diffuse corneal stromal haze and raised intraocular pressure. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed fluid between the laser in situ keratomileusis flap and the residual stromal bed.

Conclusion:

Pressure-induced interlamellar stromal keratitis can occur many years after laser in situ keratomileusis. The clinical presentation mimics that of diffuse lamellar keratitis, but corneal haze may be absent in the early stages. Once diagnosed, the intraocular pressure should be managed aggressively to prevent the development of irreversible glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS AFTER TREATMENT WITH LENALIDOMIDE FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Lim Hui Y. , Francis David , Yeoh Jonathan , Lim Lyndell L.
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To describe a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient after treatment with lenalidomide, a novel therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Methods:

Descriptive case report of a 67-year-old man on Lenalidomide maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma, who presented with unilateral painless blurring of vision because of retinitis.

Results:

Polymerase chain reaction of the vitreous sampling confirmed cytomegalovirus retinitis, although the patient's serum polymerase chain reaction was negative for cytomegalovirus. The patient was treated with ganciclovir with good effect.

Conclusion:

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is rare in immunocompetent patients and not commonly reported in myeloma patients. Given the increasing use of novel therapies such as Lenalidomide, unusual infections such as cytomegalovirus retinitis should be considered in patients with visual symptoms, even if they are considered to be immune competent at presentation.
TRACTION RETINAL DETACHMENT UNDER SILICONE OIL TREATED WITH TWO-PORT, 25-GAUGE PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND SCISSOR SEGMENTATION IN A CHILD WITH FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Sigler Eric J. , Randolph John C. , Calzada Jorge I.
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To describe a method of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with posterior hyaloid scissor segmentation in a child with recurrent retinal detachment caused by vitreous traction under silicone oil.

Methods:

A two-port, 25-gauge PPV was performed under previously instilled silicone oil with retinotomy and internal drainage of subretinal fluid.

Results:

A 5-year-old monocular girl with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy presented with decreased vision and a recurrent retinal detachment 3 weeks after PPV and air–silicone exchange for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography revealed persistent posterior hyaloid adherent to multiple retinal foci inducing a tractional detachment. The patient underwent two-port PPV revision with scissor segmentation of vitreous traction. Follow-up examination at 3 months revealed the absence of vitreous traction, an attached retina, and markedly improved vision.

Conclusion:

Posterior vitreous sequestered under silicone oil inducing consecutive retinal detachment may be successfully managed with two-port interface PPV and scissor segmentation of vitreous traction.
Mucilaginibacter

herbaticus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant Angelica sinensis
Authors: Lee Hae-Ran , Han Song-Ih , Rhee Ki-Hyeong , Whang Kyung-Sook
Published: January 2013

A strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DR-9T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the medicinal herb Angelica sinensis. Strain DR-9T grew at 20–40 °C, at pH 4.0–9.0 and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid were the major polar lipids. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DR-9T formed a lineage within the genus

Mucilaginibacter

and was closely related to

Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus

DRP28T (96.1 % sequence similarity),

Mucilaginibacter myungsuensis

HMD1056T (95.9 % sequence similarity),

Mucilaginibacter ximonensis

XM-003T (95.8 %) and

Mucilaginibacter boryungensis

BDR-9T (95.1 %). The status of strain DR-9T as a representative of a separate species was confirmed by DNA hybridization, with 38.6, 36.3 and 29.9 % DNA–DNA relatedness with

M. polysacchareus

DRP28T,

M. ximonensis

XM-003T and

M. boryungensis

BDR-9T, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DR-9T was 49.8 %. These data suggest that strain DR-9T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus

Mucilaginibacter

, for which the name

Mucilaginibacter

herbaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DR-9T ( = KACC 16469T = NBRC 108839T).
Enterobacter sacchari sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Zhu Bo , Zhou Qing , Lin Li , Hu Chunjin , Shen Ping , Yang Litao , An Qianli , Xie Guanlin , Li Yangrui
Published: January 2013

Five nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains (SP1T, NN143, NN144, NN208 and HX148) were isolated from stem, root or rhizosphere soil of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plants. Cells were Gram-negative, motile, rods with peritrichous flagella. DNA G+C content was 55.0±0.5 mol%. Sequence determinations and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and rpoB indicated that the strains were affiliated with the genus

Enterobacter

and most closely related to

E. radicincitans

DSM 16656T and

E. oryzae

LMG 24251T. Fluorimetric determination of thermal denaturation temperatures after DNA–DNA hybridization, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry differentiated the whole-genome, genotype and protein profiles from those of

E. radicincitans

and

E. oryzae

. The strains’ cell fatty acid composition differentiated them from

E. radicincitans

and

E. oryzae

by containing a higher level of summed feature 2 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and a lower level of C17 : 0 cyclo. Their physiological and biochemical profiles differentiated them from

E. radicincitans

by being positive for methyl red test, ornithine decarboxylase and utilization of putrescine, d-arabitol, l-fucose and methyl α-d-glucoside and being negative for arginine dihydrolase, and differentiated them from

E. oryzae

by being positive for aesculin hydrolysis and utilization of putrescine, d-arabitol and l-rhamnose and being negative for arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase and utilization of mucate. The five strains therefore represent a novel species, for which the name Enterobacter sacchari sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SP1T ( = CGMCC 1.12102T = LMG 26783T).
Bacillus

halosaccharovorans sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake
Authors: Mehrshad Maliheh , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Didari Maryam , Bagheri Maryam , Fazeli Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh , Schumann Peter , Spröer Cathrin , Sánchez-Porro Cristina , Ventosa Antonio
Published: January 2013

A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain E33T, was isolated from water of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain E33T were motile rods and produced ellipsoidal endospores at a central or subterminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain E33T was a strictly aerobic bacterium, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–25 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 5–15 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 40 °C and pH 7.5–8.0, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E33T was shown to belong to the genus

Bacillus

within the phylum

Firmicutes

and showed the closest phylogenetic similarity with the species

Bacillus niabensis

4T19T (99.2 %),

Bacillus herbersteinensis

D-1-5aT (97.3 %) and

Bacillus litoralis

SW-211T (97.2 %). The DNA G+C content of the type strain of the novel species was 42.6 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain E33T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids, an unknown lipid and an unknown phospholipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (97 %), MK-6 (2 %) and MK-8 (0.5 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. All these features confirm the placement of isolate E33T within the genus

Bacillus

. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain E33T and

Bacillus niabensis

IBRC-M 10590T (22 %),

Bacillus herbersteinensis

CCM 7228T (38 %) and

Bacillus litoralis

DSM 16303T (19 %). On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus

Bacillus

,

Bacillus

halosaccharovorans sp. nov. is proposed, with strain E33T ( = IBRC-M 10095T = DSM 25387T) as the type strain.
Streptomyces

halophytocola sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized stems of a coastal halophyte Tamarix chinensis Lour.
Authors: Qin Sheng , Bian Guang-Kai , Tamura Tomohiko , Zhang Yue-Ji , Zhang Wen-Di , Cao Cheng-Liang , Jiang Ji-Hong
Published: January 2013

A novel actinomycete, designated KLBMP 1284T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized stems of a coastal halophyte Tamarix chinensis Lour. collected from the city of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, east China. The strain was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus

Streptomyces

. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KLBMP 1284T revealed that the strain formed a distinct clade within the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the highest sequence similarity (99.43 %) was to

Streptomyces sulphureus

NRRL B-1627T. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus

Streptomyces

was lower than 97 %. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization values and comparison of morphological and phenotypic data, KLBMP 1284T could be distinguished from the closest phylogenetically related species,

Streptomyces sulphureus

NRRL B-1627T. Thus, based on these data, it is evident that strain KLBMP 1284T represents a novel species of the genus

Streptomyces

, for which the name

Streptomyces

halophytocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1284T ( = KCTC 19890T = NBRC 108770T).
AUREOCHROME1a-Mediated Induction of the Diatom-Specific Cyclin dsCYC2 Controls the Onset of Cell Division in Diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum)
Authors: Huysman Marie J.J. , Fortunato Antonio E. , Matthijs Michiel , Costa Benjamin Schellenberger , Vanderhaeghen Rudy , Van den Daele Hilde , Sachse Matthias , Inzé Dirk , Bowler Chris , Kroth Peter G. , Wilhelm Christian , Falciatore Angela , Vyverman Wim , De Veylder Lieven
Published: January 2013

Cell division in photosynthetic organisms is tightly regulated by light. Although the light dependency of the onset of the cell cycle has been well characterized in various phototrophs, little is known about the cellular signaling cascades connecting light perception to cell cycle activation and progression. Here, we demonstrate that diatom-specific cyclin 2 (dsCYC2) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum displays a transcriptional peak within 15 min after light exposure, long before the onset of cell division. The product of dsCYC2 binds to the cyclin-dependent kinase CDKA1 and can complement G1 cyclin-deficient yeast. Consistent with the role of dsCYC2 in controlling a G1-to-S light-dependent cell cycle checkpoint, dsCYC2 silencing decreases the rate of cell division in diatoms exposed to light-dark cycles but not to constant light. Transcriptional induction of dsCYC2 is triggered by blue light in a fluence rate-dependent manner. Consistent with this, dsCYC2 is a transcriptional target of the blue light sensor AUREOCHROME1a, which functions synergistically with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP10 to induce dsCYC2 transcription. The functional characterization of a cyclin whose transcription is controlled by light and whose activity connects light signaling to cell cycle progression contributes significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying light-dependent cell cycle onset in diatoms.
Consensus guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis: An Asia–Pacific perspective
Authors: Rubel Diana , Thirumoorthy Thiru , Soebaryo Retno W. , Weng Steven C. K. , Gabriel Teresita M. , Villafuerte Lillian L. , Chu Chia‐Yu , Dhar Sandipan , Parikh Deepak , Wong Li‐Chuen , Lo Kuen‐Kong ,   Asia–Pacific Consensus Group for Atopic Dermatitis
Published: January 2013

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relatively common disease in patients in the Asia–Pacific region. It presents a particular clinical challenge and requires careful clinical management. The chronic nature of AD characterized by flares, exacerbations and periods of quiescence requires a multipronged approach aimed at reducing itch, inflammation and the appearance of secondary lesions. In addition, varying levels of maintenance therapy may be required to avoid exacerbations. Survey data from the region indicate that there is significant variation across the Asia–Pacific with regard to current treatment practices. The management of AD may also be influenced by differing health‐care systems, variable climate, access to medical care and cultural diversity. The current consensus guidelines have been developed to provide up‐to‐date and concise evidence‐ and experience‐based recommendations directed towards general practitioners and general dermatologists in the Asia–Pacific region on the management of pediatric and adult AD.