bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of wall atomizer to condensation rate in flashing purification
Authors: Sonawan Hery , Nurhidayat Dendi , Saefudin Haris
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an experimental study of wall atomizer usage in flashing purification. The water jet bursts out of the nozzle and hit the wall atomizer, splits into particles and evaporates until it finally condenses. The effectiveness of water particle evaporation influences the condensate volume. In this paper, improvements were more focused on how to generate water particles by applying a wall atomizer in a flashing chamber. The more water particles were created, the better the evaporation and condensation rate. Flashing purification experiments were conducted by following the factorial design method. From the first experiment design, an optimum condensate volume was obtained at a specified folding width of wall atomizer and feedwater pressure; meanwhile, vacuum pressure and feedwater temperature were kept constant. Three different folding widths of 5mm, 8mm and 12mm were tested in this experiment. The second experiments were continued by varying feedwater temperature at an optimum atomizer folding width to obtain more condensate volume. Wall atomizer usage in flashing purification has been proved to increase condensation rate or condensate volume. The highest condensate volume of 150.2ml was obtained from 8mm atomizer folding width with a variable combination of 2.0 bar-g feedwater pressure, a vacuum pressure of −53 cmHg and feedwater temperature of 70 °C. This result was in line with the theory that states that the presence of a wall atomizer increases water particles. There was even an atomizer folding width that provided an optimum condensate volume. The use of an atomizer folding width of less and more than 8mm produced lower condensate volume. At 5mm atomizer folding width, condensate volumes were 24.6ml and 22.0ml, whereas 12mm atomizer folding width produced 48.9ml and 50.3ml.
Role of evaporation in NH4-N transformations in soils artificially contaminated with blackwater
Authors: Rao Sudhakar M. , Mogili Nitish V. , Arkenadan Lydia
Published: October 2019

The study examines the impact of evaporation on the fate of ammonium-N reactions in blackwater-contaminated soils. During evaporation, ammonia (g) volatilization is the preferred route of NH4-N transformation and nitrate formation is initiated thereafter. Ammonia volatilization ceased at residual blackwater contents of 16–40% owing to loss of air-void connectivity. Experimental results indicated that owing to ammonia volatilization and reduced blackwater content only 23–35% of initial NH4-N concentration was transformed to NO3-N. This study also predicted the nitrate accumulation in Mulbagal town aquifer due to blackwater discharge from pit toilets. The prediction indicated that the permissible (45 mg/L) nitrate concentration in the aquifer may have been breached several decades ago, exposing the populace to prolonged drinking water contamination.
Phytocystatins and their Potential Application in the Development of Drought Tolerance Plants in Soybeans (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Mangena Phetole
Published: October 2019

:

Plant cystatins, also called phytocystatins constitute a family of specific cysteine protease inhibitors found in several monocots and dicots. In soybean, phytocystatins regulate several endogenous processes contributing immensely to this crop’s tolerance to abiotic stress factors. Soybeans offer numerous nutritional, pharmaceutical and industrial benefits; however, their growth and yields is hampered by drought, which causes more than 10% yield losses recorded every harvest period worldwide. This review analyses the role of papain-like cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in soybean plant growth and development under drought stress. It also describes their localisation, regulation, target organs and tissues, and the overall impact of cystatins on generating drought tolerance soybean plants. These proteins have many functions that remain poorly characterized, particularly under abiotic stress. Although much information is available on the utilisation of proteases for industrial applications, very few reports have focused on the impact of proteases on plant stress responses. The exploitation of cystatins in plant engineering, as competitive proteases inhibitors is one of the means that will guarantee the continued utilisation of soybeans as an important oilseed crop.
A Genetic Predictive Model Estimating the Risk of Developing Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Xu Leilei , Wu Zhichong , Xia Chao , Tang Nelson , Cheng Jack C.Y. , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang
Published: October 2019

Background:

Previous GWASs have revealed several susceptible variants associated with
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Risk prediction based on these variants can potentially improve
disease prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of genetic factors on the development
of AIS and to further develop a genetic predictive model.

Methods:

A total of 914 AIS patients and 1441 normal controls were included in the discovery stage,
which was followed by the replication stage composed of 871 patients and 1239 controls. Genotyping
assay was performed to analyze 10 previously reported susceptible variants, including rs678741 of
LBX1, rs241215 of AJAP1, rs13398147 of PAX3, rs16934784 of BNC2, rs2050157 of GPR126,
rs2180439 of PAX1, rs4940576 of BCL2, rs7593846 of MEIS1, rs7633294 of MAGI1 and rs9810566
of TNIK. Logistic regression analysis was performed to generate a risk predictive model. The predicted
risk score was calculated for each participant in the replication stage.

Results:

The association of the 10 variants with AIS was successfully validated. The established model
could explain approximately 7.9% of the overall variance. In the replication stage, patients were
found to have a remarkably higher risk score as compared to the controls (44.2 ± 14.4 vs. 33.9 ± 12.5,
p <0.001). There was a remarkably higher proportion of the risk score i.e. >40 in the patients than in
the controls (59% vs. 28.9%, p <0.001).

Conclusion:

Risk predictive model based on the previously reported genetic variants has a remarkable
discriminative power. More clinical and genetic factors need to be studied, to further improve the
probability to predict the onset of AIS.
Association of Genetic Variants with Colorectal Cancer in the Extended MENA Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sidenna Mariem , Bux Reem , Fadl Tasnim , Ozbek Ugur , Zayed Hatem
Published: October 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer
worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. It is a heterogeneous
disease that develops through different genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. To date, no
comprehensive systematic review investigating genetic risk factors for familial and
sporadic CRC has been performed on the extended MENA (eMENA) region.

Aims:

This study aimed to systematically analyze genetic variations significantly
associated with CRC in the eMENA region.

Methods:

We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and
Web of Science) from the time of inception until May 2019 using broad search terms to
obtain all reported genetic data related to eMENA patients with CRC. Variants with an
OR>1 that are associated with CRC were identified.

Results:

A total of 1,200 studies were obtained from our search method, 27 of which
met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review, with a total of 8,230 CRC patients
and 7,611 controls. Of these, 1,941 patients distributed throughout nine eMENA
countries were found to carry 46 variants in 33 different genes. Interestingly, 19 variants
were unique to CRC patients in the eMENA region.

Interpretation:

This is the first systematic review to capture the spectrum of variants
significantly associated with CRC in the eMENA region. There appears to be a
distinctive clinical picture for eMENA patients with CRC, and the range and distribution
of variants among patients from the eMENA region differ from those noted in other
ethnic groups.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Basic and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Araya Erika Ivanna , Claudino Rafaela Franco , Piovesan Elcio Juliato , Chichorro Juliana Geremias
Published: October 2019

The trigeminal nerve is the largest of all cranial nerves. It has three branches that provide
the main sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the head and face. Trigeminal neuralgia
(TN) is characterized by sudden, severe, brief, and stabbing recurrent episodes of facial pain in one
or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Pain attacks can occur spontaneously or can be triggered
by non-noxious stimuli, such as talking, eating, washing the face, brushing teeth, shaving, a light
touch or even a cool breeze. In addition to pain attacks, a proportion of the patients also experience
persistent background pain, which along with autonomic signs and prolonged disease duration,
represent predictors of worse treatment outcomes. It is now widely accepted that the presence of
a neurovascular compression at the trigeminal root entry zone is an anatomic abnormality with a
high correlation with classical TN. However, TN may be related to other etiologies, thus presenting
different and/or additional features. Since the 1960s, the anticonvulsant carbamazepine is the drug
of choice for TN treatment. Although anti-epileptic drugs are commonly used to treat neuropathic
pain in general, the efficacy of carbamazepine has been largely limited to TN. Carbamazepine,
however, is associated with dose-limiting side-effects, particularly with prolonged usage. Thus, a
better understanding and new treatment options are urgently warranted for this rare, but excruciating
disease.
Evaluation of Tissue and Serum Expression Levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mohtasham Nooshin , Ayatollahi Hossein , Saghravanian Nasrollah , Zare Reza , Shakeri Mohammad-Taghi , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Mohajertehran Farnaz
Published: October 2019

Background:

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality all over the world. We explored the role of mRNA expression of both subunits of LDH in the early diagnosis of HNSCC.

Materials and Methods:

This was a case-control study on 62 healthy individuals and 62 patients with HNSCC. The expression of LDH in tumors and healthy tissue margins, and in the serum of both HNSCC patients and healthy individuals was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method. Analysis of LDH-A and LDH-B expression and sensitivity-specificity analysis were carried out using SPSS software.

Results:

mRNA expression levels of LDH-A (4.18±1.29) and LDH-B (2.85±1.07) isoenzymes in tumor tissues were significantly higher than the expressions in the corresponding healthy tissue margins (1.85±0.56 and 1.61±0.56 for LDH-A and LDH-B, respectively). A comparison of LDH-B expression between histological grade I tumor tissue (2.74±0.19) and marginal tissue (1.62±0.90) showed a significant difference (P=0.016). Patients with a positive history of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking had significantly higher mRNA expression of LDH-A (P=0.024) and LDH-B (P=0.03) in the marginal tissue and blood, respectively. The highest sensitivity and specificity values pertained to the mRNA expression of LDH-A (90.9%) and LDH-B (85.5%) in the blood.

Conclusion:

This is the first study reporting LDH gene expression as a biomarker in blood and tumoral tissue of HNSCC patients. Given the highest sensitivity and specificity values for LDH-A and LDH-B in blood, we recommend the simultaneous evaluation of both LDH isoenzymes in blood samples as a potential diagnostic method.
A New Tool for Simulation of Single Electron Transistor based Microprocessor Using Vector File
Authors: Patel Rashmit , Agarwal Yash , Parekh Rutu
Published: October 2019

Background:

A microprocessor is a general-purpose device, which works on the user
defined instructions. The design of next generation microprocessors demands high speed, high
density and low power requirements that can be attained by prominent device like Single Electron
Transistor (SET).

Methods:

Based on realizable SET parameters at room temperature and 800 mV operating voltage;
an 8-bit SET based microprocessor is designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso environment.
The simulation of the microprocessor requires complex stimuli to verify the design for
multiple instructions. Conventionally, the simulation is performed by applying individual signal
source to each signal. However, that is not optimum and viable for microprocessor designs.

Results:

The Cadence Spectre simulator has a facility to simulate the design using vector file,
which combines multiple signal sources in a text file. In addition, writing vector file manually is
complex and erroneous.

Conclusion:

To overcome the problem, a tool is designed and developed that generates a vector
file for user selected instructions and parameters. The usage of vector file makes the simulation
straightforward and accurate. This paper describes the design of a tool for vector file generation.
Penerapan Project Based Learning dengan Lesson Study untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Teknik Pemesinan
Authors: Parhusip Bastian Rikardo , Wijanarka Bernadus Sentot
Published: October 2019

This study aims to: (1) promote students to become active and skillful, (2) improve students' knowledge, and (3) improve students’ skills through the implementation of project-based learning (PjBL) by lesson study on milling machining subject. This research used quasi-experiment research method with one group pretest-posttest design. To test the hypothesis, data were analyzed using paired sample t-test incorporating Wilcoxon test technique aided with SPSS 20. The results show that: (1) lesson study promotes active and skilled students. It is observed that student activeness is above 90% (“very active” category), (2) the lesson study improves students’ knowledge. The wilcoxon calculation showed that p or Sig. (2-tailed) was 0,000, which was smaller than the specified significance level of 0.05 (p or Sig. (2tailed) <0.05), (3) the PjBL also improves student skills, which is shown by the same Wilcoxon calculation resultPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mewujudkan peserta didik yang aktif dan terampil, (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan peserta didik melalui penerapan project based learning (PjBL) dengan lesson study pada mata pelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Frais. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Quasi Experiment dengan desain One group pretest-postest design. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah uji pired test dengan menggunakan teknik wilcoxon test dengan bantuan program SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kegiatan lesson study dapat mewujudkan peserta didik yang aktif dan terampil. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan siswa berada di atas 90% dan masuk dalam kategori sangat aktif, (2) penerapan PjBL dengan lesson study terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pengetahuan siswa dan meningkatkan keterampilan siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai p atau Sig. (2-tailed) baik pada pengetahuan maupun ketrampilan adalah 0.000, lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi yang sudah ditentukan yaitu 0.05 (p atau Sig. (2tailed) < 0.05).
Integrasi Nilai Karakter dalam Praktik Pemesinan Frais Melalui Model Pembelajaran Competence Based Training
Authors: Paryanto Paryanto , Hari Purwoko Bambang Setiyo , Purnomo Edy
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences in students’ activity and academic achievement on the implementation of character-based Competence Based Training (CBT) learning model. The research used two groups Quasi Experimental Design. Samples were taken by cluster sampling, in which one class of bachelor degree students was used as control group and one class of diploma degree students as experimental group. Data were collected using observation technique with instruments of attitude, behavior and products. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis with t-test. Result shows that there are differences in students' learning activities and academic achievement on Milling Machining practice using character-based CBT, in which the learning activity and achievement of the experimental class are better than the control class.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbedaan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar mahasiswa antara kelas yang menerapkan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter dengan kelas yang tidak menerapkan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain Quasi Experimental Design dua kelompok. Sampel penelitian diambil secara Cluster Sampling, yaitu untuk program S1 diambil 1 kelas sebagai kelas kontrol dan program D3 diambil 1 kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dengan instrumen sikap, perilaku dan produk. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran praktik Pemesinan Frais melalui penerapan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter, dimana aktivitas belajar mahasiswa pada kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran praktik Pemesinan Frais melalui penerapan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter, dimana prestasi belajar pada kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol.
Pengaruh Kecepatan dan Kedalaman Potong pada Proses Pembubutan Konvensional Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Lubang
Authors: Siswanto Bambang , Sunyoto Sunyoto
Published: October 2019

There are several factors that affect the roughness of the workpiece surface when doing turning process on the lathe, especially the use of cutting parameters. This study aims to determine the effect of cutting speed and depth of cut parameters on the roughness of cylinder block hole surface. This research is an experimental research using two independent variables, which are cutting speed and depth of cut. The dependent variable is surface roughness of cylinder block’s hole. The research was done by making cast aluminum specimens and then turning a hole in the specimen with varied cutting speed and depth of cut. The surface roughness was then tested using Surfcorder SE 300. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results show that there is an effect of cutting speed on the surface roughness of cylinder block, with the best result (smallest roughness value) was obtained from the use of cutting speed of 125 m / min. There is also an effect of depth of cut on the surface roughness of the cylinder block, with the best result given from the use of a 0.2 mm depth of cut.Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kekasaran permukaan benda kerja pada proses pembubutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter kecepatan potong dan kedalaman potong terhadap kekasaran permukaan pada pembubutan lubang blok silinder mesin pemotong rumput. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan variabel bebas kecepatan potong dan kedalaman potong, dan variabel terikat kekasaran permukaan lubang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan spesimen dengan proses pengecoran aluminium kemudian spesimen dibubut lubang dengan diberi variasi kecepatan potong dan variasi kedalaman potong. Hasil pembubutan dilakukan uji kekasaran menggunakan Surfcorder SE 300. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh kecepatan potong terhadap hasil kekasaran permukaan blok silinder mesin pemotong rumput, hasil  paling baik dengan nilai kekasaran paling kecil diperoleh dari kecepatan potong 125 m/menit. Ada pengaruh kedalaman potong terhadap hasil kekasaran permukaan blok silinder mesin pemotong rumput, hasil paling baik dengan nilai kekasaran paling kecil diperoleh dari kedalaman potong 0,2 mm.
Pengaruh Praktik Industri Terhadap Hard Skill Siswa SMK pada Program Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan
Authors: Prasetyo Yudha Dwi , Tiwan Tiwan , Soemowidagdo Arianto Leman
Published: October 2019

The implementation of industrial practices is expected to improve skills, verbal abilities, and can provide creative ideas for students in developing skills that have been raised to create the right innovation. This research aims to determine the implementation of industrial attachment for the students of machining study program, and the influence of industrial attachment on the students’ hard skill. This research used ex-post facto method with a quantitative approach. The subjects were class XII students of machining study program with a total sample of 98 students. Data were collected using questionnaire and documentation. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation and simple regression analysis. Results show that the implementation of industrial attachment for students of machining study program is categorized as ‘high’ (69,38% in average), and  that there is as a positive and significant effect on the students’ hard skill.Pelaksanaan praktik industri diharapkan mampu meningkatan keterampilan, kemampuan verbal, dan dapat memberikan ide-ide kreatif bagi siswa dalam mengembangkan keterampilan yang telah dimilikinya untuk membuat inovasi produk tepat guna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  keterlaksanaan praktik industri siswa Teknik Pemesinan, dan  pengaruh praktik industri terhadap hard skill siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex-post facto dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subyek  penelitian  adalah siswa kelas XII  program keahlian Teknik Pemesinan dengan jumlah sampel 98 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dengan metode kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment dari Pearson dan dilakukan uji analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlaksanaan praktik industri siswa teknik pemesinan rata-rata temasuk kedalam kategori tinggi 69,38%, dan praktik industri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hard skill siswa. Hubungan yang diperoleh adalah semakin tinggi tingkat pelaksanaan praktik industri, maka semakin tinggi pula hard skill-nya dan bidang pekerjaan memiliki pengaruh tinggi terhadap nilai praktik industri siswa teknik pemesinan
Perbandingan Penggunaan Filter Udara Standar dan Racing Terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Sepeda Motor Empat Langkah
Authors: Fatkhuniam Agus , Wijaya M. Burhan Rubai , Septiyanto Angga
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the performance increase of using racing air filters compared to standard air filters on a four-stroke vehicle. Performance being tested are power, torque and exhaust emissions. This is an experimental research conducted on a Honda Supra X 125 PGM-FI motorcycle. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the collection is presented in the form of tables, graphs, and calculated averages. Results show that racing air filter 1 have a power of 7.35 HP (2.3% increase) and racing air filter 2 have a power of 7,3 HP (1.6% increase). The torque tests shows that Racing filter 1 has a torque of 10,588 Nm and the racing air filter 2 has a torque of 10,585 Nm, while standard filter has only 10.42 Nm. CO gas emissions resulting from the use of racing air filters 1 increased by 28% from standard air filters and for racing air filter 2 CO 2 emissions decreased by 6%. At the exhaust emissions of HC, racing air filters 1 emissions increased by 16% and racing air filter 2 decreased by 9%. Penelitian ini bertujan untuk membuktikan adanya perbedaan filter udara racing dengan filter udara standar terhadap performa kendaraan empat langkah, berupa daya, torsi dan emisi gas buang. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen pada sepeda motor Supra X 125 PGM-FI. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan penyajian data berupa tabel, grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bhawa perhitungan rata-rata. sebesar 7,35 Hp dengan meningkat 2,3% dan filter udara racing 2 meningkat sebesar 1,6 % menjadi 7,3 HP dibandingkan dari hasil filter udara standar sebesar 7,18 Hp, torsi filter udara racing 1 meningkat sebesar 1,6% menjadi 10,588 N.m dan filter udara racing 2 meningkat 1,5% menjadi 10,585 N.m dibandingkan hasil dari penggunaan filter standar sebesar 10,42 N.m. Emisi gas buang CO yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan filter udara racing 1 meningkatan 28% dari filter udara standar 0,803% menjadi 1,034% dan CO filter udara racing 2  ada penurunan 6% menjadi 0,754% dari CO filter udara standar 0,803%, dengan selisih perbedaan 0,231% dan 0,049% dari penggunaan filter udara standar. Pada emisi gas buang HC filter udara racing 1 terdapat peningkatan sebesar 16% menjadi 142 ppm dari hasil filter standar dan penurunan 9% dari penggunaan filter udara racing 2 sebesar 111 ppm dibandingkan HC yang dihasilkan filter standar sebesar 122 ppm, dengan selisih 20 ppm dan 11 ppm dari HC yang dihasilkan filter udara standar.
Esensi Lesson Study di Era 4.0
Authors: Ratnawati Dianna
Published: October 2019

Collaborative and sustainable actions carried out by a group of teachers/lecturers through lesson study with an information and communication technologies approach can meet the needs of the world of education in era 4.0. This study aims to analyze the impact of the application of lesson study in learning activities on the technical measurement on mechanical engineering students of the Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. The research method uses lesson research with a qualitative approach. The applied lesson study model adopts Saito et al. (2005), in which its implementation consists of 2 cycles, each cycle includes the stages of the plan, do, and see. The learning media used are a digital book, e-learning using Edmodo, Toyota 7k engine stand, handphone, cylinder block, clutch, differential, dial gauge, cylinder gauge, vernier caliper, and micrometer. The sample selected amounted to 30 students and involved two observers in each cycle. The results of this study indicate that the essence of lesson study has an impact on increasing student activity by 40% in cycle 1 and 34%  in cycle 2. The lesson study also has an effect on improving the quality of the lecturer’s evaluation on the students’ learning outcomesTindakan kolaboratif dan berkelanjutan yang dilakukan sekelompok guru/dosen melalui lesson study dengan pendekatan information and communication technologies dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dunia pendidikan di era 4.0. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan lesson study dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pengukuran teknik pada mahasiswa pendidikan teknik mesin Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. Metode penelitian menggunakan lesson research dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Model lesson study yang diterapkan mengadopsi dari Saito dkk (2005), dimana dalam pelaksanaannya terdiri dari 2 siklus dengan tahapan tiap siklusnya meliputi plan, do, dan see. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah digital book, e-learning melalui edmodo, engine stand toyota 7k, handphone, blok silinder, kopling, gardan, dial gauge, cylinder gauge vernier celiper dan mikrometer. Sampel yang dipilih berjumlah 30 mahasiswa dengan melibatkan 2 observer pada tiap siklusnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa esensi lesson study berdampak pada peningkatan keaktifan siswa sebesar 40% pada siklus 1 dan meningkat 34% pada siklus 2, selain itu berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas evaluasi dosen terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa
An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels
Authors: Musk Elon ,   Neuralink
Published: October 2019

Brain-machine interfaces hold promise for the restoration of sensory and motor function and the treatment of neurological disorders, but clinical brain-machine interfaces have not yet been widely adopted, in part, because modest channel counts have limited their potential. In this white paper, we describe Neuralink’s first steps toward a scalable high-bandwidth brain-machine interface system. We have built arrays of small and flexible electrode “threads,” with as many as 3072 electrodes per array distributed across 96 threads. We have also built a neurosurgical robot capable of inserting six threads (192 electrodes) per minute. Each thread can be individually inserted into the brain with micron precision for avoidance of surface vasculature and targeting specific brain regions. The electrode array is packaged into a small implantable device that contains custom chips for low-power on-board amplification and digitization: The package for 3072 channels occupies less than 23×18.5×2 mm3. A single USB-C cable provides full-bandwidth data streaming from the device, recording from all channels simultaneously. This system has achieved a spiking yield of up to 70% in chronically implanted electrodes. Neuralink’s approach to brain-machine interface has unprecedented packaging density and scalability in a clinically relevant package.
The Ethical and Responsible Development and Application of Advanced Brain Machine Interfaces
Authors: Maynard Andrew David , Scragg Marissa
Published: October 2019

Advanced brain machine interfaces provide potentially transformative approaches to treating neurological conditions and enhancing the performance of users. Yet, as technological capabilities continue to progress in leaps and bounds, there is a possibility that these capabilities outstrip our collective understanding of how to ensure brain machine interfaces are developed and used ethically and responsibly. In this case, there is an overt danger of rapid technological developments leading to unanticipated harm through a lack of foresight including threats to privacy, autonomy, self-identity, and other areas of personal and social value which, while hard to quantify, represent substantial risks. There is also a very real likelihood of such risks undermining value creation around the technologies and the associated enterprises, as key stakeholders push back against perceived and actual threats to what they, in turn, hold to be of value. In order to successfully traverse the resulting risk landscape, researchers and developers will need to become increasingly adept at integrating a sophisticated understanding of ethical and socially responsible innovation into their enterprises. Here, we illustrate how a “risk innovation” approach may provide novel insights into mapping out this landscape and revealing potentially blindsiding risks. We show how this approach can be used to illuminate challenges and opportunities to the successful, ethical, and responsible development of advanced brain machine interfaces. In addition, we emphasize how success will ultimately depend on the willingness of innovators and others to take ethical and responsible innovation seriously and to draw on the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary expertise that is necessary to translate good intentions into positive outcomes.
Internet-Based Sharing Nurse Program and Nurses’ Perceptions in China: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Rendong , Xu Mei , Li Xiuting , Wang Yinping , Wang Bin , Cui Naixue
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

China is currently piloting a “Sharing Nurse” program that aims to increase the accessibility of nursing services to at-home patients by enabling patients to order nursing services using mobile apps or online platforms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess nurses’ perceptions of the Sharing Nurse program, including their acceptance, concerns, needs, and willingness to take part in the program.

METHODS

A total of 694 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey. The survey collected their sociodemographic and work-related information and their perceptions of the Sharing Nurse program using a self-developed questionnaire.

RESULTS

The 694 respondents agreed that the Sharing Nurse program could provide patients with better access to nursing care (n=483, 69.6%). Their main concerns about the program were unclear liability division when medical disputes occur (n=637, 90.3%) and potential personal safety issues (n=604, 87%). They reported that insurance (n=611, 88%), permits from their affiliated hospital (n=562, 81.0%), clear instructions concerning rights and duties (n=580, 83.6%), real time positioning while delivering the service (n=567, 81.7%), and one-key alarm equipment (n=590, 85.0%) were necessary for better implementation of the program. More than half of the respondents (n=416, 60%) had an optimistic attitude toward the development of the Sharing Nurse program in China. However, only 19.4% (n=135) of the respondents expressed their willingness to be a “shared nurse.” Further analyses found that nurses with a master’s degree or above (χ23=28.835, P<.001) or from tertiary hospitals (χ23=18.669, P<.001) were more likely to be aware of the Sharing Nurse program and that male nurses were more willing to be shared nurses (Z=–2.275, P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

The Chinese Sharing Nurse program is still in its infancy and many refinements are needed before it can be implemented nationwide. Generally, Chinese nurses are positive about the Sharing Nurse program and are willing to participate if the program is thoroughly regulated and supervised.
Evaluating Online Consumer Medication Information Systems: Comparative Online Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sigle Stefan , Barriga Pilar , Correa Fernández Francisco Javier , Juhra Christian , Härtel Steffen , Fegeler Christian
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Medication is the most common intervention in health care, and the number of online consumer information systems within the pharmaceutical sector is increasing. However, online consumer information systems can be a barrier for users, imposing information asymmetries between stakeholders.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the usability of an online consumer medication information system (OCMIS) against a reference implementation based on an interoperable information model for patients, physicians, and pharmacists.

METHODS

Quantitative and qualitative data were acquired from patients, physicians, and pharmacists in this online usability study. We administered 3 use cases and a post hoc questionnaire per user. Quantitative usability data including effectiveness (task success), efficiency (task time), and user satisfaction (system usability scale [SUS]) was complemented by qualitative and demographic data. Users evaluated 6 existing systems and 1 reference implementation of an OCMIS.

RESULTS

A total of 137 patients, 81 physicians, and 68 pharmacists participated in this study. Task success varied from 84% to 92% in patients, 66% to 100% in physicians, and 50% to 91% in pharmacists. Task completion time decreased over the course of the study for all but 2 OCMIS within the patient group. Due to an assumed nonnormal distribution of SUS scores, within-group comparison was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Patients showed differences in SUS scores (P=.02) and task time (P=.03), while physicians did not have significant differences in SUS scores (P=.83) and task time (P=.72). For pharmacists, a significant difference in SUS scores (P<.001) and task time (P=.007) was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

The vendor-neutral reference implementation based on an interoperable information model was proven to be a promising approach that was not inferior to existing solutions for patients and physicians. For pharmacists, it exceeded user satisfaction scores compared to other OCMIS. This data-driven approach based on an interoperable information model enables the development of more user-tailored features to increase usability. This fosters data democratization and empowers stakeholders within the pharmaceutical sector.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Avacopan, a C5a Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis Treated Concomitantly With Rituximab or Cyclophosphamide/Azathioprine: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Merkel Peter A , Jayne David R , Wang Chao , Hillson Jan , Bekker Pirow
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis is a serious, often life-threatening disease. In new-onset disease or a relapse, the standard treatment is immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids; these therapies are associated with substantial short- and long-term toxicity. Complement component 5a (C5a) binding to C5a receptor (C5aR) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Avacopan is a novel, orally bioavailable, and highly selective antagonist of human C5aR. Avacopan does not interfere with the production of C5b or the membrane attack complex (ie, terminal complement complex) and does not block C5a binding to a second receptor, C5L2 (also called C5aR2), shown to be protective in antimyeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. This trial will evaluate if avacopan replaces the need for chronic glucocorticoids in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine the proportions of patients in remission at week 26 and with sustained remission at week 52, defined as Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score=0, and not taking glucocorticoids within the 4 weeks before week 26 and week 52, respectively.

METHODS

The Avacopan Development in Vasculitis to Obtain Corticosteroid elimination and Therapeutic Efficacy study is a randomized, double-blind, active-comparator (prednisone), 2-arm study evaluating the safety and efficacy of avacopan versus prednisone, administered in combination with other immunosuppressive therapy. Eligible subjects will have active disease requiring induction of remission. Subjects are stratified based on the type of immunosuppressive therapy, ANCA subtype, and new or relapsing disease. Target sample size is 300 patients, enrolled at over 200 sites globally. All authors and local ethics committees approved the study design. All patients will provide informed consent.

RESULTS

Enrollment of patients was completed in Q4 2018. Topline results are anticipated to be published by Q3 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Results will be released irrespective of whether the findings are positive or negative.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02994927; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02994927

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16664
Assessment of Rangelands Around Molepolole Village of Botswana to Ascertain Its Potential to Support Free Range Beef Cattle Despite Its Long Term Use as a Grazing Area
Authors: Washington. Makhabu Shimane , Ntoroko Seabe , Rinah Setlalekgomo Mpho , Sebidio Boikhutso
Published: October 2019

In Botswana, cattle rearing can either be in farms or in communal grazing areas. In communal grazing areas, carrying capacities are never adhered to, hence degradation sometimes occurs. This negatively impact on the livestock industry since cattle are mainly free ranging. This therefore calls for periodic checks of grass species to determine whether grazing areas still have potentials to sustain livestock production. A study was done to take stock of grass species and bush encroachment status around the biggest village of Botswana, known as Molepolole. The survey looked at species composition, distribution and production. The survey was done by using line transects, quadrats and plots in the northern and western direction of the village. In each quadrat, grass species were identified, counted by species, height measured and biomass determined by clipping. In plots, woody plants were counted for all species. The survey revealed that despite heavy grazing and periodic droughts the grazing area still has some grass species of good grazing value and the area is being threatened to being encroached by woody species. Thus there is still a potential for use of the area for grazing but at lower stocking rate. However, it was noted that the area needs some restoration by controlling bush encroachment and reintroduction of good grass species.
Solución y análisis del modelo de Södergren para celdas solares tipo Grätzel usando la función Solver de Excel
Authors: Alfaro Guerra Marco Antonio , Alfaro Alcaino Ignacio Antonio , Guerra Rojas Rodrigo Alejandro
Published: October 2019

La simulación de experimentos es un aspecto que ha cobrado interés en el último tiempo en la enseñanza de la Química en los casos donde no se disponga de reactivos o del equipo necesario para la realización de éstos. Excel es un programa informático desarrollado y distribuido por Microsoft Corp. que permite realizar tareas contables y financieras mediante hojas de cálculo, forma parte de Microsoft Office y es utilizado en gran parte del mundo. Permite realizar muy diversas operaciones e incluye el complemento Solver. Con este complemento es posible el ajuste de datos experimentales utilizando funciones lineales y no lineales. Modelos no lineales permiten la simulación de las curvas corriente voltaje de celdas solares tipo Grätzel. Este tipo de experiencias le permiten al alumno integrar conocimientos de Fisicoquímica con conocimientos de Matemáticas y Computación.
Las substancias químicas, Antes y después de la construcción de la tabla periódica
Authors: Chamizo José Antonio
Published: October 2019

Para su enseñanza la Química General puede interpretarse a través de cinco revoluciones químicas (Chamizo, 2018) en las que la incorporación de instrumentos y la aparición de nuevas subdisciplinas resultan muy relevantes. A partir de las tres primeras, que marcan el nacimiento y consolidación de la propia química, la química orgánica y la fisicoquímica (Chamizo, 2014) se discute como se fue construyendo el concepto de sustancia y de elemento, particularmente en lo referente a la Tabla Periódica.
Fordelingspolitikkens nye ånd – om mulighederne for kritik i konkurrencestaten
Authors: Didia Jensen Jacob
Published: October 2019

Med sin introduktion af begrebet ’konkurrencestat’ i en dansk kontekst tilbød Ove Kaj Pedersen et nyt teoretisk perspektiv på, hvordan den universelle danske velfærdsstat i et vist omfang er blevet erstattet af en neoliberal konkurrencestat baseret på markedstænkning. I denne artikel forsøger jeg at udbygge denne forståelse af konkurrencestaten ved at analysere udviklingen i Danmark fra velfærdsstat til konkurrencestat ved hjælp af Boltanski og Chiapellos teori om kapitalismens nye ånd. Igennem denne analyse søger jeg for det første at vise, at de værdier, som konkurrencestaten henviser til, når den retfærdiggør sin fordelingspolitik, ikke kun kan forstås som udtryk for markedstænkning. De må også i høj grad forstås som udtryk for idealiseringen af fleksibilitet, kreativitet og inklusion i arbejdsnetværk, som Boltanski og Chiapello identificerer som centrale i kapitalismens nye ånd, og som har rødder i venstrefløjens kapitalismekritik. For det andet er formålet med artiklen at diskutere, hvilke negative konsekvenser idealiseringen af fleksibilitet og omstillingsparathed samt det store fokus på kontinuerligt at opkvalificere borgere kan risikere at have for borgere og offentligt ansattes mulighed for at forholde sig kritisk til konkurrencestatens moralske legitimitet.
 
ENGELSK ABSTRACT Jacob Didia Jensen: The new spirit of allocation policy With his introduction of the concept ‘competition state’ in Denmark, Ove Kaj Pedersen offered a new perspective on how the universal Danish welfare state has been partially replaced by a neoliberal competition state based on market logic. In this article, I seek to expand this idea of the competition state by analysing the Danish development from welfare state to competition state through Boltanski and Chiapello’s theory of a new spirit of capitalism. In this analysis, I seek to show, firstly, that the values used by the competition state to justify its allocation policy cannot only be understood as an expression of market logic. They must also to be understood as expressions of the idealisation of flexibility, creativity and inclusion in work-based networks, that Boltanski and Chiapello identify as central in the new spirit of capitalism, and which have roots in the left-wing critique of capitalism. Secondly, the article discusses how negative consequences the idealisation of flexibility, adaptability and the focus on continuously upgrading the skills of citizens in order to ensure their inclusion on the labour market impact on the ability of citizens and public employees to critically reflect on the moral legitimacy of the competition state. Keywords: competition state, allocation policy, justification, critique, new spirit of capitalism, Boltanski and Chiapello
Tilhørsforhold og danskhed. Debatten om kønsopdelt svømning
Authors: Lenneis Verena , Agergaard Sine
Published: October 2019

I 2016 og 2017 skabte kvindesvømning – et tilbud, der tiltrækker mest, men ikke udelukkende etniske minoritetskvinder – intens debat i hele Danmark. Denne artikel fokuserer på den politiske debat i Aarhus Byråd, der førte til en beslutning om, at der i kommunens svømmehaller ikke må være kønsopdelt svømning i den offentlige åbningstid. Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge, hvordan en fritidsaktivitet som kvindesvømning blev til et problem i 2016, som krævede en langvarig debat og et politisk indgreb. Med udgangspunkt i Nira Yuval-Davis’ begreber om politisering af tilhørsforhold viser vores analyse, hvordan forestillinger om danskhed og dertilhørende danske værdier gøres til centrale argumenter i den politiske debat, som fører til politisk regulering af en velbesøgt sundhedsfremmende fritidsaktivitet. Debatten om kønsopdelt svømning understreger, at værdier såsom individuel valgfrihed eller religionsfrihed, som indtil for nyligt prægede den politiske praksis i nordiske velfærdsregimer, afløses af danskhed som den altoverskyggende værdiramme.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT

Verena Lenneis & Sine Agergaard:
The debate about gender-segregated swimming: belonging and Danishness

In 2016 and 2017, women-only swimming – an initiative that attracts mostly, but not exclusively minority ethnic women – caused considerable discussion across Denmark. This article focuses on the year-long political debate in the city council of Aarhus which subsequently led to a ban on women-only swimming activities during public opening hours in the municipality’s indoor swimming pools. The aim of this article was to examine why a leisure time activity such as women-only swimming became a ‘problem’ in 2016, and how it became subjected to political regulation. Drawing on Nira Yuval-Davis’ politics of belonging, our analysis shows how imaginations of ‘Danishness’ and, in particular, Danish values became central arguments in the political debate that led to the regulation of a well-attended and health-promoting leisure activity. The debate on gender-segregated swimming emphasizes that values such as freedom of choice or freedom of religion, which until recently have dominated the political practice in Nordic welfare regimes, are replaced by ‘Danishness’ as the paramount political concern.

Keywords: gender, ethnicity, religion, belonging, integration