bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of borosiloxane/polybenzoxazine hybrids as highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant materials
Authors: Gao Sheng , Liu Ying , Feng Shengyu , Lu Zaijun
Published: May 2017

A series of novel borosiloxane/polybenzoxazine hybrids were synthesized through the copolymerization of 3,3′‐phenylmethanebis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine) and phenol‐functionalized borosiloxane (BSi‐OH) oligomer. The structures were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared. The thermal and flame retardant properties of hybrids were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and oxygen index instrument. The results showed that the addition of BSi‐OH oligomer is not only highly efficient in environmentally friendly flame retardancy of polybenzoxazine, but also enhances its thermal property. Only 25 wt % content of BSi‐OH oligomer was able to increase the glass transition temperature, 5% weight loss temperature (Td5), 10% weight loss temperature (Td10), and limited oxygen index (LOI) value from original 211 °C, 374 °C, 395 °C, and 29.5 °C to 244 °C, 408 °C, 448 °C, and 40.1, respectively. This work provides a facile and useful method for the preparation of new polybenzoxazines possessing highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardance as well as heat resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2390–2396
Lattice dynamics and thermophysical properties of h.c.p. Re and Tc from the quasi‐harmonic approximation
Authors: Palumbo Mauro , Dal Corso Andrea
Published: May 2017

We report first‐principles phonon frequencies and anharmonic thermodynamic properties of h.c.p. Re and Tc calculated within the quasi‐harmonic approximation, including Grüneisen parameters, temperature‐dependent lattice parameters, thermal expansion, and isobaric heat capacity. We discuss the differences between a full treatment of anisotropy and a simplified approach with a constant ratio. The results are systematically compared with the available experimental data and an overall satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Nature nominee quercetin's anti‐influenza combat strategy—Demonstrations and remonstrations
Authors: Gansukh Enkhtaivan , Muthu Manikandan , Paul Diby , Ethiraj Gopal , Chun Sechul , Gopal Judy
Published: May 2017

Nature's providences are rather the choicest remedies for human health and welfare. One such is quercetin, which is nature's nominee for cancer cure and recently demonstrated against influenza attack. Quercetin is highly recognized for its anticancer applications. This review emphasizes on yet another gift that this compound has to offer for mankind, which is none other than combating the deadly evasive influenza virus. The chemistry of this natural bioflavonoid and its derivatives and its modus operandi against influenza virus is consolidated into this review. The advancements and achievements made in the anti‐influenza clinical history are also documented. Further, the challenges facing the progress of this compound to emerge as a predominant anti‐influenza drug are discussed, and the future perspective for breaking its limitations through integration with nanoplatforms is envisioned.
The Greedy Independent Set in a Random Graph with Given Degrees
Authors: Brightwell Graham , Janson Svante , Luczak Malwina
Published: May 2017

We analyse the size of an independent set in a random graph onnvertices with specified vertex degrees, constructed via a simple greedy algorithm: order the vertices arbitrarily, and, for each vertex in turn, place it in the independent set unless it is adjacent to some vertex already chosen. We find the limit of the expected proportion of vertices in the greedy independent set as(the jamming constant), expressed as an integral whose upper limit is defined implicitly, valid whenever the second moment of a random vertex degree is uniformly bounded. We further show that the random proportion of vertices in the independent set converges in probability to the jamming constant as. The results hold under weaker assumptions in a random multigraph with given degrees constructed via the configuration model. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 565–586, 2017
Influence of Cold Deformation and Phase Transformation on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogen‐Alloyed Stainless Steel in Chloride Solution
Authors: Tuchscheerer Friedrich , Krüger Lutz
Published: May 2017

Nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steels exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance in chloride solution. However, cold deformation and phase transformation can influence the materials surface properties and, therefore, corrosion behavior. A nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steel with 20 wt% chromium, 0.13 wt% nitrogen, and subject to plastic deformation of up to 36% is electrochemically tested in a 5 wt% sodium chloride solution by linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The steel's corrosion behavior is distinctly influenced by its deformation state. Before polarization, a negative influence of plastic deformation on the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be determined. However, after anodic polarization, the susceptibility to corrosion due to cold deformation and phase transformation decreases. While the electrochemical resistance of the protective surface film decreases due to deformation‐induced film rupture and the formation of anodes at the surface, the permeability of the double layer also decline. This is caused by the increased activation of the surface due to the formation of local anodes and, therefore, an increase in the formation of protective species that retard further dissolution processes. In addition, increasing plastic deformation results in the surface ratio between anodes and cathodes becoming more favorable, and in a decrease in the anodic current density.
Helical Mesoporous Tantalum Oxide Nanotubes: Formation, Optical Activity, and Applications
Authors: He Yangyang , Yang Yonggang
Published: May 2017

Nanomaterials with helical morphologies have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications as nanosprings, chirality sensors and in chiral optics. Single‐handed helical Ta2O5 nanotubes prepared through a supramolecular templating approach are described. The handedness is controlled by that of the organic self‐assemblies of chiral low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs). The chiral LMWGs self‐assemble into single‐handed twisted nanoribbons through H‐bonding, hydrophobic association, and π‐π stacking. The Ta2O5 nanotubes are formed by the adsorption and polycondensation of Ta2O5 oligomers on the surfaces and edges of the twisted organic nanoribbons followed by removal of the template. The optical activity of the nanotubes is proposed to originate from the chiral defects on the inner surfaces of the tubular structures. Single‐handed twisted LiTaO3 nanotubes can also be prepared using Ta2O5 nanotubes.
What is new in CDG?
Authors: Jaeken Jaak , Péanne Romain
Published: May 2017

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are one group among the disorders of glycosylation. The latter comprise defects associated with hypoglycosylation but also defects with hyperglycosylation. Genetic diseases with hypoglycosylation can be divided in primary congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and in genetic diseases causing secondary hypoglycosylation. This review covers the human CDG highlights from the last 3 years (2014–2016) following a summary of the actual status of CDG. It expands on 23 novel CDG namely defects in SLC39A8, CAD, NANS, PGM3, SSR4, POGLUT1, NUS1, GANAB, PIGY, PIGW, PIGC, PIGG, PGAP1, PGAP3, VPS13B, CCDC115, TMEM199, ATP6AP1, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, TRAPPC11, XYLT1 and XYLT2. Besides, it discusses novel phenotypes of known CDG (DHDDS‐CDG, ALG9‐CDG, EXT2‐CDG, PIGA‐CDG, PIGN‐CDG), the elucidation of putative glycosyltransferase disorders as O‐mannosylglycan synthesis disorders (TMEM5‐CDG, ISPD‐CDG, FKTN‐CDG, FKRP‐CDG), a novel CDG mechanism, advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and finally an updated list of the 104 known CDG.
Women Left Behind? Poverty and Headship in Africa
Authors: Milazzo Annamaria , van de Walle Dominique
Published: May 2017

Two stylized facts about poverty in Africa motivate this article: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions. First, how have female-headed households fared? Second, what role have they played in Africa’s impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data covering the entire region, we reexamine the current prevalence and characteristics of female-headed households and ask whether their prevalence has been rising, what factors have been associated with such changes since the mid-1990s, and whether poverty has fallen equiproportionately for male- and female-headed households. Lower female headship is associated with higher gross domestic product. However, other subtle transformations occurring across Africa—changes in marriage behavior, family formation, health, and education—are positively related to female headship, resulting in a growing share of female-headed households. This shift has been happening alongside declining aggregate poverty incidence. However, rather than being left behind, female-headed households have generally seen faster poverty reduction. As a whole, this group has contributed substantially to the reduction in poverty despite their smaller share in the population.
Clinical benefits of deep sedation with a supraglottic airway while monitoring the bispectral index during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hida Satoru , Takemoto Masao , Masumoto Akihiro , Mito Takahiro , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Kumeda Hiroshi , Kawano Yuki , Aoki Ryota , Kang Honsa , Tanaka Atsushi , Matsuo Atsutoshi , Hironaga Kiyoshi , Okazaki Teiji , Yoshitake Kiyonobu , Tayama Kei‐ichiro , Kosuga Ken‐ichi
Published: May 2017

Background

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) under sedation has proven to be a useful strategy for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

To evaluate the clinical benefits of respiratory management using supraglottic airways (SGAs) under deep sedation while monitoring the bispectral (BIS) index during the PVAI and the durations from admission to the catheterization room to starting the radiofrequency energy delivery (Time α), and from starting the radiofrequency energy delivery to completion of the PVAI (Time β), X‐ray time, frequency of dislocations of the three‐dimensional maps (D3DM), procedure‐related complications, and proportion of an AF‐free rate 15 months after the PVAI (PAFFR) in patients who received deep sedation without SGAs (Group A: n=48) and those with SGAs (Group B: n=51) were evaluated.

Results

There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, Time α (77±3 versus 78±2 min; p=0.816), complications of cardiac tamponade (2% versus 2%; p=0.966), or PAFFR (81% versus 88%; p=0.313) between the two groups. However, the Time β (84±4 versus 67±3; p=0.001), X‐ray time (53±2 versus 34±2; p<0.001), and minor complications of nasal bleeding (25% versus 0%; p=0.001) were significantly shorter and lower in Group B than in Group A, in accordance with a reduction in the hypoxia (15% versus 0%; p=0.007) and D3DM (31% versus 8%; p=0.003).

Conclusions

These results may demonstrate the clinical benefits of deep sedation with SGAs while monitoring the BIS index without any hypoxia during PVAI in patients with AF.
Medieval European Coinage
Authors: Day, Jr William R. , Matzke Michael , Saccocci Andrea
Published: May 2017

This volume of Medieval European Coinage is the first comprehensive survey of the coinage of north Italy c.950–1500, bringing the latest research to an international audience. It provides an authoritative and up-to-date account of the coinages of Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy and the greater Veneto, which have never been studied together in such detail on a broad regional basis. The volume reveals for the first time the wider trends that shaped the coinages of the region and offers new syntheses of the monetary history of the individual cities. It includes detailed appendices, such as a list of coin hoards, indices and a glossary, as well as a fully illustrated catalogue of the north Italian coins, including those of Genoa, Milan and Venice, in the unrivalled collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum, largely formed by Professor Philip Grierson (1910–2006).
Bayesian Models for Astrophysical Data
Authors: Hilbe Joseph M. , de Souza Rafael S. , Ishida Emille E. O.
Published: May 2017

This comprehensive guide to Bayesian methods in astronomy enables hands-on work by supplying complete R, JAGS, Python, and Stan code, to use directly or adapt. It begins by examining the normal model from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives, then progresses to a full range of Bayesian generalized linear and mixed or hierarchical models, as well as additional types of models such as ABC and INLA. The book provides code that is largely unavailable elsewhere and includes details on interpreting and evaluating Bayesian models. Initial discussions offer models in synthetic form so that readers can easily adapt them to their own data; later the models are applied to real astronomical data. The consistent focus is on hands-on modeling, analysis of data, and interpretation to address scientific questions. A must-have for astronomers, the book's concrete approach will also be attractive to researchers in the sciences more broadly.
Oblique Intrathecal Injection in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Technical Note
Authors: Jewett Gordon A.E. , Yavin Daniel , Dhaliwal Perry , Whittaker Tara , Krupa JoyAnne , Du Plessis Stephan
Published: May 2017

Objectives:Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is an efficacious method of providing postoperative analgesia and reducing pain associated complications. Despite adoption in many surgical fields, ITM has yet to become a standard of care in lumbar spine surgery. Spine surgeons’ reticence to make use of the technique may in part be attributed to concerns of precipitating a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.Methods:Herein we describe a method for oblique intrathecal injection during lumbar spine surgery to minimize risk of CSF leak. The dural sac is penetrated obliquely at a 30° angle to offset dural and arachnoid puncture sites. Oblique injection in instances of limited dural exposure is made possible by introducing a 60° bend to a standard 30-gauge needle.Results:The technique was applied for injection of ITM or placebo in 104 cases of lumbar surgery in the setting of a randomized controlled trial. Injection was not performed in two cases (2/104, 1.9%) following preinjection dural tear. In the remaining 102 cases no instances of postoperative CSF leakage attributable to oblique intrathecal injection occurred. Three cases (3/102, 2.9%) of transient CSF leakage were observed immediately following intrathecal injection with no associated sequelae or requirement for postsurgical intervention. In two cases, the observed leak was repaired by sealing with fibrin glue, whereas in a single case the leak was self-limited requiring no intervention.Conclusions:Oblique dural puncture was not associated with increased incidence of postoperative CSF leakage. This safe and reliable method of delivery of ITM should therefore be routinely considered in lumbar spine surgery.
HAVING A SECOND CHILD AND ACCESS TO CHILDCARE: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Gobbi Paula E. , Greulich Angela
Published: May 2017

This paper shows that differences in fertility across European countries mainly emerge due to fewer women having two children in low-fertility countries. It further suggests that childcare services are an important determinant for the transition to a second child to occur. The theoretical framework we propose suggests that (i) in countries where childcare coverage is low, there is a U-shaped relationship between a couple’s probability of having a second child and the woman’s potential wage, whereas (ii) in countries with easy access to childcare, this probability is positively related with the woman’s potential wage. Data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) confirm these implications when estimating a woman’s probability of having a second child as a function of education. This implies that middle-income women are the most affected ones by the lack of access to formal and subsidized childcare.
CHILDHOOD MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD MORBIDITY, AND SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY DECISIONS
Authors: Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays
Published: May 2017

The effects of childhood mortality and morbidity on the fertility decision-making process are analyzed using longitudinal micro data from a Senegalese rural community, for the period 1984–2011. I attempt to identify the effect of individual child mortality, and also that of community child mortality and morbidity, on subsequent fertility choices. The results provide consistent support for both the child-replacement hypothesis and the precautionary demand for children. I find that community child mortality and morbidity attributable to malaria, which capture changes in the epidemiological context, exert a joint influence on fertility behaviors. Community-level malaria incidence among children has a positive effect on subsequent fertility choices, and this positive effect is stronger the more the disease is fatal to children who are infected. This study highlights the role of morbidity, acting through the relative risk of dying from the disease, on the slow fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa.
Wandering intervals in affine extensions of self-similar interval exchange maps: the cubic Arnoux–Yoccoz map
Authors: COBO MILTON , GUTIÉRREZ-ROMO RODOLFO , MAASS ALEJANDRO
Published: May 2017

In this article, we provide sufficient conditions on a self-similar interval exchange map, whose renormalization matrix has complex eigenvalues of modulus greater than one, for the existence of affine interval exchange maps with wandering intervals that are semi-conjugate with it. These conditions are based on the algebraic properties of the complex eigenvalues and the complex fractals built from the natural substitution emerging from self-similarity. We show that the cubic Arnoux–Yoccoz interval exchange map satisfies these conditions.
Teaching Practise Utilising Embedded Indigenous Cultural Standards
Authors: Gilbert Stephanie , Tillman Gail
Published: May 2017

The Wollotuka Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, is the first university or organisation to enter into the accreditation process with the World Indigenous Higher Education Consortium (WINHEC). Part of that process includes identifying the local cultural standards and protocols that drive and shape our work as a cultural entity. As a result of successfully completing these processes, the course ‘Working with Aboriginal Communities’, consciously underwent a process of affirmation recognising and embedding where missing, these cultural protocols within our pedagogy and curriculum. Each intake sees students from all disciplines enrol and all benefit greatly from their cultural learning experiences. In this paper, we discuss how these cultural protocols shaped the course material that both online and face-to-face tertiary students experienced, as well, noting the outcomes of this process. Both authors are long-term educators in higher education and have had our teaching invigorated by this experience of critique and reflection. This paper serves to both be a reflective and documentary process for ourselves as well as an opportunity to share our experiences with our colleagues involved in higher education.
ON TARSKI’S AXIOMATIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE CALCULUS OF RELATIONS
Authors: ANDRÉKA HAJNAL , GIVANT STEVEN , JIPSEN PETER , NÉMETI ISTVÁN
Published: May 2017

It is shown that Tarski’s set of ten axioms for the calculus of relations is independent in the sense that no axiom can be derived from the remaining axioms. It is also shown that by modifying one of Tarski’s axioms slightly, and in fact by replacing the right-hand distributive law for relative multiplication with its left-hand version, we arrive at an equivalent set of axioms which is redundant in the sense that one of the axioms, namely the second involution law, is derivable from the other axioms. The set of remaining axioms is independent. Finally, it is shown that if both the left-hand and right-hand distributive laws for relative multiplication are included in the set of axioms, then two of Tarski’s other axioms become redundant, namely the second involution law and the distributive law for converse. The set of remaining axioms is independent and equivalent to Tarski’s axiom system.
HOMOTOPY MINIMAL PERIODS FOR HYPERBOLIC MAPS ON INFRA-NILMANIFOLDS
Authors: DEKIMPE KAREL , DUGARDEIN GERT-JAN
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we show that for every nonnilpotent hyperbolic map $f$ on an infra-nilmanifold, the set $\operatorname{HPer}(f)$ is cofinite in $\mathbb{N}$. This is a generalization of a similar result for expanding maps in Lee and Zhao (J. Math. Soc. Japan 59(1) (2007), 179–184). Moreover, we prove that for every nilpotent map $f$ on an infra-nilmanifold, $\operatorname{HPer}(f)=\{1\}$.
From the Editor
Authors: Martin Richard C.
Published: May 2017

It is my pleasure to introduce Heather Ferguson, associate professor of history at Claremont McKenna College, the new editor of RoMES. Dr. Ferguson will begin officially on 1 July 2017. In the meantime, Ashleigh Breske, the current managing editor, and I will be working with Heather to insure a smooth transition. For those readers who have not had the chance to meet Heather or become acquainted with her work, I will say more below about her impressive credentials. But first, I want to glance back briefly on my term as editor.
Protecting Animals from Mistreatment through Private Prosecutions in South Africa: A Comment on National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2016 1 SACR 308 (SCA)
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: May 2017

The general rule in South Africa is that, when an offence is committed, the suspect has to be prosecuted by a public prosecutor. However, there is an exception whereby a victim of crime is permitted to institute a private prosecution if the prosecutor has declined to prosecute. South African law allows natural, but not juristic, persons to institute private prosecutions. In the case examined in this note, the appellant argued that the law prohibiting juristic persons from instituting private prosecutions is discriminatory. The Supreme Court of Appeal held that private prosecutions are only permitted on grounds of direct infringement of human dignity. This note argues that section 7 of the Criminal Procedure Act is unconstitutional for excluding juristic persons from instituting private prosecutions and recommends steps the appellant could take to institute private prosecutions against those who mistreat animals.
Size isn't everything: narratives of scale and viability in a Tanzanian irrigation scheme
Authors: Harrison Elizabeth , Mdee Anna
Published: May 2017

This paper explores tensions over scale and viability in irrigated agricultural development in Tanzania. A revival of ambition to transform African agriculture has reawakened debate over what type of agriculture can best deliver increased production and poverty reduction for rural populations. This paper examines these debates through the lens of an ethnographic study of an irrigated rice farm in Tanzania. With a chequered history of state and donor intervention management, Dakawa, Rice Farm in Mvomero District is now collectively farmed by a cooperative society of ‘small farmers’. It is widely hailed as a success, both of irrigation production, and of ‘small farmers’ in delivering this. However, such narratives of smallness and success obscure a more complex reality in which smallness of scale may be more of a discursive tool than a reflection of empirical reality. Although notions of ‘viability’ and ‘success’ in such development interventions are themselves also contested and depend on perspective, there is evidence that there are fundamental problems of both short- and long-term viability.
Long-term in vitro cultivation of Histomonas meleagridis coincides with the dominance of a very distinct phenotype of the parasite exhibiting increased tenacity and improved cell yields
Authors: GRUBER JANINE , GANAS PETRA , HESS MICHAEL
Published: May 2017

The majority of research on Histomonas meleagridis was performed in the first half of the last century, especially those on morphological aspects. In the present study identical monoxenic settings for cultures of the same H. meleagridis clonal strain in its virulent low passage and attenuated high passage form enabled a comparative analysis of parasite characteristics. For the first time, it could be shown that long-term in vitro cultivation led to a severe shift in cell morphology, with the occurrence of a very distinct phenotype expressing a flagellated and highly amoebic cell morphology. Furthermore, the attenuated parasites showed better growth rates and a higher tenacity when confronted with adverse conditions. During these experiments up to 100% of the parasites, both virulent and attenuated, assumed a completely rounded morphology elucidated by electron microscopy. The findings indicate that such previously reported cyst-like stages are a defence strategy of H. meleagridis, independent of the passage level in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo. In conclusion, long-term in vitro passaging of H. meleagridis led not only to an attenuation of the parasite, as previously demonstrated, but also to a shift in the parasite's phenotype regarding morphology, growth behaviour and a higher level of tenacity.
Effect of uniform magnetic field on laser-produced Cu plasma and the deposited particles on the target surface
Authors: Singh K.S. , Khare A. , Sharma A.K.
Published: May 2017

Laser-produced copper plasma in the presence of variable transverse external magnetic field in air is investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. As the magnetic field increases from 0 to 0.5 T, the intensity of Cu I lines initially increases and then decreases slightly at a 0.5 T. The maximum intensity enhancement of all five Cu I lines occurs at a magnetic field of 0.3 T. The increase in intensity is attributed to an increase in the electron impact excitation of Cu. With increase in magnetic field, the electron density and temperature were found to increase due to increase in the confinement of plasma. The difference in intensity enhancement factor is due to the difference in excitation rate coefficients. The surface morphology of irradiated copper target is also analyzed at 0.3 T magnetic field at which the density is maximum and reveals the formation of Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanoparticles (NPs). More NPs are formed at the peripheral region than at the central region of the ablated crater and is due to the oxidation of Cu atom in the plasma–ambient interface. The larger grain size of nanostructures in the presence of magnetic field is due to an increase in the inverse pulsed laser deposition. The intensity of Raman peak of Cu2O decreases in the presence of magnetic field and that of CuO increases which is more likely due to conversion of Cu2O to CuO. The photoluminescence intensity of CuO increases in the presence of magnetic field due to the phase transformation of Cu2O to CuO in agreement with the result of Raman spectroscopy.
Selection of trajectory parameters for dynamic pouring tasks based on exploitation-driven updates of local metamodels
Authors: Langsfeld Joshua D. , Kaipa Krishnanand N. , Gupta Satyandra K.
Published: May 2017

We present an approach that allows a robot to generate trajectories to perform a set of instances of a task using few physical trials. Specifically, we address manipulation tasks which are highly challenging to simulate due to complex dynamics. Our approach allows a robot to create a model from initial exploratory experiments and subsequently improve it to find trajectory parameters to successfully perform a given task instance. First, in a model generation phase, local models are constructed in the vicinity of previously conducted experiments that explain both task function behavior and estimated divergence of the generated model from the true model when moving within the neighborhood of each experiment. Second, in an exploitation-driven updating phase, these generated models are used to guide parameter selection given a desired task outcome and the models are updated based on the actual outcome of the task execution. The local models are built within adaptively chosen neighborhoods, thereby allowing the algorithm to capture arbitrarily complex function landscapes. We first validate our approach by testing it on a synthetic non-linear function approximation problem, where we also analyze the benefit of the core approach features. We then show results with a physical robot performing a dynamic fluid pouring task. Real robot results reveal that the correct pouring parameters for a new pour volume can be learned quite rapidly, with a limited number of exploratory experiments.
INCENTIVES, OFFERS, AND COMMUNITY
Authors: Frye Harrison P.
Published: May 2017

A common justification offered for unequal pay is that it encourages socially beneficial productivity. G. A. Cohen famously criticizes this argument for not questioning the behaviour and attitudes that make those incentives necessary. I defend the communal status of incentives against Cohen's challenge. I argue that Cohen's criticism fails to appreciate two different contexts in which we might grant incentives. We might grant unequal payment to someone because they demand it. However, unequal payment might be an offer instead. I claim that incentives as offers promote the ideal of society as a cooperative venture for mutual advantage.
Thought Work Contested: Ideology and Journalism Education in China
Authors: Repnikova Maria
Published: May 2017

This article examines the dynamic evolution of China's ideology work through the prism of journalism education. Official sensitivity about both student activism and the media makes journalism education a critical sector for observing how the Party attempts to instil ideology. The article interrogates the process of negotiation of official ideology among authorities, educators and students at elite journalism schools. It demonstrates that alongside state-sanctioned media commercialization and globalization, official influence still looms large in journalism training. Ideological teachings continue to occupy a core place in the curricula, and the authorities deploy a mix of structural oversight, ad hoc surveillance and coercion to keep the educators in check. The effects of the official ideology work, however, are ambivalent, as educators and students engage in the active reinterpretation of the Party's media principles. While these practices do not directly undermine the Party's legitimacy, they demonstrate that official ideology has merely constructed what Yurchak terms a “hegemony of form,” highlighting a degree of vulnerability in China's mode of adaptive authoritarianism.
Effect of cryogenic milling on Al7075 prepared by spark plasma sintering method
Authors: Lukac Frantisek , Chraska Tomas , Molnarova Orsolya , Malek Premysl , Cinert Jakub
Published: May 2017

Precipitation of secondary intermetallic phases in aluminium alloy Al7075 sintered by spark plasma sintering method from powders milled at room and cryogenic temperature was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. Deformation energy stored during cryogenic milling influences the precipitation in Al7075 alloy. High temperature X-ray diffraction experiment revealed the potential for further precipitation strengthening of samples prepared by spark plasma sintering of milled powders. It was established that the correction of absorption edge of metal Kβ-line filter used for laboratory sources greatly enhances the precision of quantitative Rietveld analysis as well as the determination of precipitates’ crystallite sizes.
Clinical presentation of invasive disease caused byNeisseria meningitidisserogroup Y in Sweden, 1995 to 2012
Authors: SÄLL O. , STENMARK B. , GLIMÅKER M. , JACOBSSON S. , MÖLLING P. , OLCÉN P. , FREDLUND H.
Published: May 2017

Over the period 1995–2012, the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused byNeisseria meningitidisserogroup Y (NmY) increased significantly in Sweden. This is mainly due to the emergence of a predominant cluster named strain type YI subtype 1, belonging to the ST-23 clonal complex (cc). The aim of this study was to examine the clinical picture of patients with invasive disease caused by NmY and to analyse whether the predominant cluster exhibits certain clinical characteristics that might explain the increased incidence. In this retrospective observational study, the medical records available from patients with IMD caused by Nm serogroup Y in Sweden between 1995 and 2012 were systematically reviewed. Patient characteristics, in-hospital findings and outcome were studied and differences between the dominating cluster and other isolates were analysed. Medical records from 175 of 191 patients were retrieved. The median age was 62 years. The all-cause mortality within 30 days of admission was 9% (15/175) in the whole material; 4% (2/54) in the cohort with strain type YI subtype 1 and 11% (12/121) among patients with other isolates. Thirty-three per cent of the patients were diagnosed with meningitis, 19% with pneumonia, 10% with arthritis and 35% were found to have bacteraemia but no apparent organ manifestation. This survey included cases with an aggressive clinical course as well as cases with a relatively mild clinical presentation. There was a trend towards lower mortality and less-severe disease in the cohort with strain type YI subtype 1 compared with the group with other isolates.
Introduction: European Integration across the Twentieth Century
Authors: GROSS STEPHEN G.
Published: May 2017

This forum explores continuities and transformations in the way Europeans thought about integrating their continent politically, economically and ideologically across the twentieth century. It questions the idea of aStunde Null, which sees European integration primarily as a response to the destruction of the Second World War. Instead, the forum shows how mentalities, ideologies, challenges and constraints that arose before 1945 shaped the way European elites conceptualised and pursued unification in the post-war decades. The European leaders who orchestrated integration after 1945 were looking both backward and forward, trying to revive older visions for a unified continent and overcome long-standing problems while simultaneously aspiring to a new, supranational regional order that would preserve Europe's position as a global power. In exploring such continuities, this forum adds a regionalist dimension to the burgeoning literature – by Patricia Clavin, Daniel Gorman, Mark Mazower and others – on the connections between interwar internationalism and the post-1945 global order, and on the continuity of intellectuals, experts and politicians through the middle half of the twentieth century.
INEQUALITY, INCENTIVES, CRIMINALITY, AND BLAME
Authors: Lewis Christopher
Published: May 2017

The disadvantaged have incentives to commit crime, and to develop criminogenic dispositions, that limit the extent to which their co-citizens can blame them for breaking the law. This is true regardless of whether the causes of criminality are mainly “structural” or “cultural.” We need not assume that society as a whole is unjust in order to accept this conclusion. And doing so would neither stigmatize nor otherwise disrespect the disadvantaged.
Dissociations between Spatial and Temporal Order Memory: A Neuropsychological Patient Study
Authors: Kant Neeltje , van Zandvoort Martine J.E. , van den Berg Esther , Frijns Catharina J.M. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Postma Albert
Published: May 2017

Objectives:In complex real life situations, memories for temporal and spatial information are naturally linked since sequential events coincide in time and space. Whether this connection is inseparable or instead whether these processes are functionally dissociable was investigated in this patient study.Methods:Spatial object-location and temporal order memory tasks were administered to 36 stroke patients and 44 healthy control participants.Results:On group level, patients with a stroke in the left hemisphere performed worse on temporal order memory, compared to the control participants. On individual level, using a multiple case-study approach, a clear pattern of dissociations was found between memory for temporal and for spatial features.Conclusions:These findings indicate that location and temporal order memory contain functionally separable processes. This adds to our understanding of how context information is processed in human memory. (JINS, 2017,23, 421–430)
Translating the ‘Other’: Early-Modern Muslim Understandings of Hinduism
Authors: TAREEN SHER ALI
Published: May 2017

This essay examines the theme of inter-religious translation in the context of early modern India. More specifically, it considers the prominent 18thcentury Sufi master and scholar Mirzā Maẓhar Jān-i Jānān's (d.1781) translation of Hindu thought and practice as reflected in his Persian letters on this subject. Through a close reading of the content and context of his translation project, I show that while according the Hindu ‘other’ remarkable doctrinal hospitality, Jān-i Jānān's view of translation was firmly tethered to an imperial Muslim political theology committed to upholding the exceptionality of Muslim normative authority. Interrogating his negotiation of hospitality and exceptionality and the notions of time that undergirded that negotiation occupies much of this essay. I also explore ways in which Jān-i Jānān's translation of Hinduism might engage ongoing scholarly conversations regarding the rupture of colonial modernity in the discursive career of religion in South Asia. In the Euro-American study of religion, many scholars have shown the intimacy of modern secular power and the reconfiguration of religion as a universally translatable category. But what conceptual and historiographical gains might one derive by shifting the camera of analysis from the colonial reification of religion to the inter-religious translation efforts of a late 18thcentury thinker like Jān-i Jānān who wrote at the cusp of colonial modernity? This question hovers over the problem-space of this essay.
Accupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy success using a commercially available unit 8 years post-radiation for xerostomia: a case report
Authors: Iovoli Austin J. , Singh Anurag K.
Published: May 2017

Background

Accupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ALTENS) therapy has been shown in prospective studies to be effective in the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. Those studies treated patients within 27 months from end of radiation with ALTENS delivered in the clinic using a Codetron unit. However, that unit is no longer produced and there is limited data on success of ALTENS when delivered at home.

Methods

A 50-year old man with xerostomia, 8 years post-radiation for T4N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa, was given ALTENS with a currently commercially available unit from Girish Surgical. He used the unit at home, 20 minutes daily for 8 weeks.

Results

After 8 weeks of ALTENS therapy the patient saw a reduction in the Self-Reported University of Michigan Xerostomia-Related Quality of Life Scale from 20 to 1.

Conclusion

This case report demonstrates (1) the Girish Surgical unit is effective, (2) self-administration of ALTENS in patients who cannot come to clinic regularly may be practical and (3) ALTENS can still offer durable benefit to patients even 8 years after chemoradiation therapy.
An Evaluation of the Living Wage: Identifying Pathways Out of In-Work Poverty
Authors: Swaffield Jo , Snell Carolyn , Tunstall Becky , Bradshaw Jonathan
Published: May 2017

This article reports the results of a case study on the introduction of the living wage. Three employers in the City of York became living wage employers. Using data derived from a sample survey of their employees and qualitative interviews, this article explores what impact the receipt of the living wage had on poverty and deprivation. It found that not all living wage employees were income poor or deprived, although those on living wage rates were more likely to be poor and deprived than those on even higher wages. The more important determinant of the employees’ living standards was the household they lived in, and there were a high proportion of living wage employees living in multi-unit households. Also important were the number of earners in the household and the hours worked by the living wage employee. Lone parent families and single people appeared to be most vulnerable to poverty and deprivation. In addition, whether the employee took up their entitlement to in-work benefits was critical and, using benefit checks by welfare rights experts, it was found that some were not.
Employers and Active Labour Market Policies: Typologies and Evidence
Authors: Bredgaard Thomas
Published: May 2017

Among scholars and practitioners, there is a growing recognition of the important role of employers in the success of active labour market policies in Europe. However, there is a lack of systematic evidence about why and how employers engage in active labour market policies. In this article, the preferences and behaviour of employers towards active labour market policies are untangled. A typology of four types of employers is constructed for analytical and empirical analysis. By distinguishing positive and negative preferences from participation and non-participation, four types of employers are identified: the committed employer, the dismissive employer, the sceptical employer and the passive employer. The utility of the typology is tested with survey data on employer engagement in Danish ALMPs. The findings indicate that only a minority of Danish employers can be classified as ‘committed employers’, and the majority are either ‘dismissive’ or ‘passive’ employers. In the final section, this finding and the usefulness of the typology for analytical and empirical research is discussed.
Resistance to Falling Planes on a Path of Translation
Authors: Armour James
Published: May 2017

In a body propelled by planes in motion, the centre of gravity of the weight of body is assumed to be sustained on a uniformly level path, to be sustained in the manner of a weight at rest, without momentum in the direction of support; where as the propelling planes will move on an undulating air path.
Notes from France
Authors: Bennett T. J.
Published: May 2017

England is not the only country that can boast of an Aëronautical Society, for France possesses one which is worthy of the land where Aëronautics first saw the dawn. In 1863 all Europe was roused and interested in the solution of the problem of aërial navigation, by the energetic appeals of MM. Nadar and La Landelle. An Aëronautical Society was founded, and for a year or two flourished; but as nothing practical was forthcoming, it soon languished and died. The present Society was founded in 1868 by Dr. Hureau de Villeneuve, to whom, in a great measure, its present flourishing state is due. This energetic gentleman also started a monthly magazine, called l'Aëronaute, which has continued to appear regularly ever since April, 1868, and is the only instance in which a journal specially devoted to aeronautical science has been a continued success.
“Conjoint Gas and Mechanical Action as Applied to Flight”
Authors: Brearey Fred. W.
Published: May 2017

The remarks made in this paper are due to the action of the United States Patent Laws, as interpreted by one of the examiners, whose duty it was to adjudicate upon the practicability of an invention submitted to him, and whose decision was adverse to the granting of a patent. Protection was solicited for an improvement upon a previously patented mechanical aërial machine, the success of which had been proved by the inventor through the action of a model. The patent was refused on account of the alleged impracticability of the invention owing to the absence of gas as a supporting, or partly supporting, medium. Total misapprehension of the principles of flight is displayed whenever the balloon is recommended to take off part of the weight of any mechanical arrangement. However successfully the pure mechanical action may have proved itself in the conveyance of weights in the air whilst in the model form, the principle seems to be distrusted by some when proposed for extreme weight. But it fortunately happens that the resistance of the air to a body in motion, upon which we depend for success, bears a greatly increasing ratio to the extent of surface which that body assumes.
“The Problem of Aërial Navigation”
Authors: Barry E. A.
Published: May 2017

France, the country where the balloon was invented, owing to the genius of its people and the liberality and foresight of its Government, still keeps the lead over other nations in Aëronautics, and it is to Paris that we must look in order to find out how the problem of Aërial Navigation has been treated.

In the year 1884 the most important experiment which has taken place in Aëronautics since the invention and first ascension of the balloon was made near Paris. A fish–shaped balloon, fitted with a screw driven by electricity, and with a rudder, ascended at Meudon; and for the first time in history with intent to effect it, actually returned to and descended at the place from which it had started. This balloon was the one manned by MM. Renard and Krebs, and represents at present the highest point to which the science of Aërial Navigation has attained.
A Paper on the Sustentation of Weight by Mechanical Flight
Authors: Phillips Horatio
Published: May 2017

In the following remarks I shall endeavour to point out the principles underlying the art of mechanical flight, and by a plain statement of the facts, hope to clear away the mystery which to a great many minds seems to surround the subject, and thereby induce engineers to give serious attention to the matter.

In order to sustain weight in the atmosphere, it is absolutely necessary to deliver air downwards, and in order to ascertain the weight of air acted upon, and the speed with which it must be moved, the following formula, so well known to marine engineers, is perfectly applicable where W is the weight of the mass of fluid acted upon in lbs. per sec, and S is the downward velocity in ft. per sec,G is 32.2ft. per sec.
Experimental Researches
Authors: Paul Bert M.
Published: May 2017

The various notices I have had the honour of presenting under this title have had the effect of demonstrating that changes of barometric pressure, if we except very rapid and great decompressions, have no physico-mechanical action upon animals and vegetables, but influence them exclusively from a chemical point of view. Below the normal pressure of the air too feeble tension of oxygen tends to promote asphyxia : above, too strong a tension tends to increase those formidable accidents which I have designated, somewhat paradoxically I admit, by the expression, poisoning by oxygen ; and hence the conclusion at which I have arrived, that all danger may be avoided by varying the oxygenous richness of the air inversely to the variation of pressure.