bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baotou City High-Rise Buildings Urban Environment Research
Authors: Ding Yu Xian , Ma Ning Bo , Ding Lei
Published: June 2012

Emergence in large numbers as well as high concentration in local areas of high-rise buildings in Baotou City has damaged ecological environment of the city. Through analyzing current situation of development for high-rise buildings in Baotou, the paper aims to research their influence on environment from the perspective of ecology, and thus puts forward ecological strategy of high-rise buildings urban environment in Baotou.
Indoor Thermal Environment and Energy Conservation of Seaside Resident Building in Xiamen in Summer
Authors: Li Li
Published: June 2012

The good and comfortable environment is beneficial to the health, and can improve working efficiency, make people imbued with more creativity. This means strengthening the competitiveness, increase economic efficiency. So, creating the good building environment not merely has a meaning on technology, and has social effect and economic meaning. In order to understand the situation of indoor thermal environment of the seaside residential building generally, a field measurement on the condition of summer was made in Xiamen from the last ten days of July to the first ten day of Aug, 2005, 2006 and 2008. Test the thermal environment and investigate the thermal comfort in residential buildings of natural ventilation condition, analyze the main influence factors of indoor thermal environment, and evaluate indoor thermal comfort with effective temperature (ET). The curves of indoor air temperature and relative humidity reflect the character of high temperature and high relative humidity in summer in Xiamen residential buildings. Discuss the methods of building energy saving. Suggest that, for seaside city in hot days, the natural ventilation and interval natural ventilation should be the main fundamental methods of improving the resident building thermal environment.
Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Interlocking Concrete Blocks with Ecological Flood-Control Function
Authors: Zhao Hai Jing , Li Dan Xun , Wang Xing Kui
Published: June 2012

Through simulation research on hydraulic characteristics of precast interlocking concrete blocks, the stress condition, overall stability, the effect of filling gravels into the holes of the blocks in the water flow during the flood period and the resistance parameters of the blocks were studied, a comprehensive analysis on the mechanical stability and the scour-resisting characteristics of the blocks was made, and then the requirement and the safety degree of the gravel filling were given. The experiment shows that compared with the surface protection of the conventional dyke projects, besides convenience for manufacture at low cost, this new type of protective revetment has such merits as higher anti-shear stress, better stability and permeability as well as improving ecological environment in river course.
Characteristics of Root Distribution for Three Kinds of Plants under Different Irrigation Treatments in Drift Desert
Authors: Jin Zheng Zhong , Zheng Ting Ting , Fan Jing Long , Zhen Xing Jin , Li Li Gan , Li Sheng Yu , Xu Xin Wen
Published: June 2012

Soil water conditions would determine plant root distribution and influence plant growth. To explore the suitable soil water conditions for different kinds of drought-resistance shrubs, we studied root distribution characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria sibirica Pall. and Calligonum mongolicum under different irrigation treatment in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert. At the more irrigation amount in one time, H. ammodendron had more root biomass, fine root surface area, the deeper of the root distribution layer and the deeper of the peak value of the fine root surface area, the root distribution of C. mongolicum shifted to the horizontal direction of the surface layer. The spatial root distribution of N. sibirica Pall. were all between C. mongolicum and H. ammodendron, the less amount of annual irrigation of N. sibirica Pall, the more root biomass and fine root surface area and the peak value of fine root surface area shifted to the surface area. In conclusion, the best irrigation treatment of H. ammodendron was as follows: the irrigation time was 14 hours, irrigation interval was 20 days in spring and autumn and 15 days in summer, the total amount was 661.5 kg, the rate of saving water was 17%; C. mongolicum and N. sibirica Pall. were 6 hours per time, 15 days in spring and autumn, 5 days in summer, the total amount was 588 kg, the rate of saving water was 26%. These results may help to establish scientific irrigation management for sustainable development of Tarim desert highway.
Effect of Soil Tillage and Fertilization on Soil Nutrient and Respiration Flux in Spring Maize Fields
Authors: Li Li Jun , Liu Jing Hui , Chen Aodungerile , Wang Li Gang , Shi Jian Guo , Acharya Surya N. , Chen Qin
Published: June 2012

In this paper the effects of two types of tillage (conventional tillage-CT and zero tillage-ZT) with three different soil fertilization patterns(chemical fertilizer, chemical-organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer) on soil rapidly available nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available kalium and soil respiration flux in ridge cultivation maize fields were studied. The results indicate that in 2005 and 2006, soil rapidly available nitrogen of two tillage type in different fertilization treatments were organic fertilizer (OF) > chemical-organic fertilizer (OCF) > no fertilizer (CK) > chemical fertilizer(CF); Except For OF, the decreasing of soil available nitrogen contents of each fertilization treatments for ZT were more than those of CT. Rapidly available phosphorus for ZT were OCF >OF > CF >CK, and for CT were OCF > CK >OF> CF; rapidly available kalium for ZT were OCF >OF > CK > CF. soil respiration for different of fertilization patterns for ZT were OCF >OF > CK > CF. In ZT, soil available N and P had close relation with soil respiration flux, especially in OCF treatment. While in CT, soil available N had close relation with soil respiration flux.
Effects of Inhibitors on Fertility Loss Control of Source Separated Urine and Vegetable Growth
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Zi Fu , Zhao Yuan , Li Hai Han
Published: June 2012

Thiourea (TU) and dicyandiamide (DCD) were chosen as inhibitors to curb fertility loss of storage urine. For the summer radish experiments, the result shows that the weight of summer radish added urine +TU were 92.2g, and the weight of fruit of summer radish added with urine + DCD, urine and without fertilizer were 72.1g, 52.4g and 40.6g, respectively. On the other hand, compared with the blank, the yield of summer radish fertilized by urine, urine + DCD and urine + TU were increased by 29.1%, 77.5% and 127%, respectively. While, the yield of radish fertilized by urine + TU were increased by 37.6% and 27.9 %, compared with urine and urine + DCD. However, for lettuce experiments, the results show that the average weight of the lettuce added urine +TU were 72.7 g, and the weight of lettuce added with urine + DCD, urine and without fertilizer were, 62.2g, 52.4g and 37.6g, respectively. Compared with the blank, the yield of lettuce fertilized by urine, urine + DCD and urine + TU were increased by 39.4%, 65.4% and 93.4%, respectively. On the other hand, the yield of radish, which fertilized by urine + TU were increased by 38.7% and 16.9 %, compared with urine and urine + DCD. All of these results indicated that TU and DCD have positive effects on fertility loss control, but TU was significantly more effective than DCD, despite the application dose of TU was smaller than DCD.
A Study of Baseline Values for Copper and Lead in Four Subtypes of Surface Soils in Hohhot City, China
Authors: Shi Jun Xian , Huang Zeng Fang
Published: June 2012

The baseline values of Copper (Cu) and Lead(Pb) in four subtypes of soil in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in China were proposed by testing the Cu and Pb contents in surface soils over an area of 4713km2．The soil subtypes were distinguished by GIS (Geographic Information System) and the 928 sample locations were roughly uniformly distributed using portable GPS (Global Positioning System).The proposed baseline values of Cu and Pb were derived from the experimental results of ICP-MS analyses and then were calculated by probability density function. The results illustrate that the baseline value of Cu in the Fluvo—aquic Soil was the highest(18.83 mg kg-1 ),and that Pb in Diluvial Alluvial Topsoil was the highest (17.50 mg kg-1),which are far lower than the corresponding Class One thresholds in Environmental Quality Standard for Soils in China (GB15618-1995) (EQSSC).This experience gained in this work further suggests that baseline values should be proposed in other areas in the world.
Ecological Effects of Re-Used Film Mulching during Fallow Period of Cropland
Authors: Shi Jian Guo , Liu Jing Hui , Zhao Bao Ping , Xue Shao Xia , Jia Li Xin , Acharya Surya N. , Chen Qin , Yan Ya Fei , Gao Cai Ping
Published: June 2012

Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil moisture, temperatures and soil erosion during fallow period of cropland were studied, the study also investigated plastic film residue and sunflower’s yield, which compared with new plastic film mulching and bare field in Hetao region. The results showed that, compared with bare field, (1) the average soil moisture in 0~100 cm of re-used film mulching increased 2.1%, the water storage capacity in 0~100 cm and 0~20 cm increased 24.8~33.0mm and 14.9~15.5mm separately. (2) The soil average temperature significantly increased 3.1~2.8°C, especially soil temperature in 5 cm and 10 cm increased 1.7~4.6°C and 2.8~4.1°C separately (p < 0.05). (3) The amount of soil erosion significantly reduced by 68.77%. (4) Compared with new plastic film mulching, the residual plastic film of re-used film mulching cropland significantly reduced 50%, and the film use efficiency increased 1 time. (5) In addition, compared with bare field, sunflower yield of re-used film mulching was significantly increased 11.4% in 2010 and 16.8% in 2011 (p < 0.01), and compared to the new film treatment, the yield decreased 3.3% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011 (p < 0.05). So re-used plastic film mulching can improve the ecological environment of cropland in fallow period, reduce the film pollution and increase grain yield.
Estimating Medium-Term Soil Erosion Rates under Different Types of Land Use in Red Soil Region of Jiangxi, Southern China Using 137Cs Technique
Authors: Zhang Ming Li , Gao Ming , Xie Biao , Yang Hao
Published: June 2012

Soil erosion has been recognized as one of the major environmental problem in red soil region of southern China. The spatial variation of soil erosion was studied using 137Cs technique at three sites (site A, site B, site C) under different type of land use in Jiangxi province. To understand the spatial distribution of soil erosion is important for taking proper soil and water conservation measures. 280 samples were collected at three sites. Medium-term average soil erosion rates estimated for dry farmland is 83.1 kg ha-1 a-1 at site A, and that for paddy fields with terraces on the middle-lower slope is 79.2 kg ha-1 a-1 at site B. Among the uncultivated lands, the average soil erosion rate of bare land is 3700 kg ha-1 a-1 on the upper slope at site A, that of woodland covered with masson pines on the upper slope is 1106 kg ha-1 a-1 at site B and that of economic forest that covered with orchard is 1380.5 kg ha-1 a-1 at site C. On the whole, the soil erosion rate of cultivated land is lower than that of uncultivated land. Bare land, woodland and orchard are the three main sources of soil erosion in red soil region of southern China. Protective measures of cultivated land, such as terraces, field ridge and ditch beside the land, had been demonstrated effectively in controlling soil erosion. The findings provide more information on agricultural land under different type of land use and managed measures which play an important role in controlling the soil loss in Southern China to a certain degree.
Preparation and Properties of the Slow-Release Fertilizer with Green Coat
Authors: Wang Qing , Chen Sha , Zhao Pei Guang , Cao Yu , Zhu Long Fei , Wei Hai Tao
Published: June 2012

A kind of double-coated environmental friendly fertilizer was prepared by urea as a core, well-mixed keratin and oxidation starch as an inner coating, and superabsorbent polymer as the outer coating. The influence of water absorbency, water retention, and the slow-release behavior of the study fertilizer were investigated. 0.01M CaCl2 immersion extraction and Kjeldahl digestion method were used to measure the content of nitrogen. And the result showed that the nutrient release was 72wt% on the thirtieth day. This result corresponded with the standard of slow release fertilizers of the Committee of European Normalization (CEN) [1]. Keratin and oxidation starch were biodegradable polymer and nontoxic. Both the properties of the materials and the result of the slow-release behavior suggested a new kind of excellent, environmental friendly, slow-release fertilizer.
Study on Soil Erosion by Wind Tunnel Experiment of Semi-Arid Steppe in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Gao Lan , Qiu Yu Jun , Zou Xue Yong , Wang Ren De , Zhou Na
Published: June 2012

The characteristics of soil erosion of steppe in Inner Mongolia were studied in wind-tunnel tests. The results indicated that the soil in this region consists primarily of sand and coarse silt, with particle sizes mainly between 0.02 and 1mm, and it is defined as erodible sandy soil. The eroded sediments are mainly concentrated at heights of 0~24cm, and the extreme value of particle size is clearly in the range 100~300μm. Average particle size increased with increasing wind speed, and it decreased exponentially in the vertical direction, reflecting the characteristics of sand transport by wind. The relationship between wind erosion rate and wind speed assumes a power function with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9. A wind speed of 15m/s is a significance point above which wind erosion in this region becomes very large. Soil erosion rate decreases logarithmically as soil moisture content and vegetation coverage increase, and the 5% level of moisture content is a turning point.
The Effects of Drought Stress on the Photosynthetic Parameters and Dry Leaf Yield of Stevia rebaudina Bertoni
Authors: Ren Guang Xi , Shi Yan
Published: June 2012

The effects of drought stress on the photosynthesis and dry leaf yield in the different Stevia rebaudina Bertoni germplasms of: IS-1, QF-1, QTZ4, JD-1 and AL-4 was studied with the pot method in greenhouse. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and dry leaf production of stevia showed different degree changes with the continuing of drought-stress time. There was no significant change in Pn, Tr and dry leaf production in short-term drought-stress treatment(Ta:5d), but as the time of drought-stress continuing, the Pn were on the declining trend: the Pn of various materials in T2 (without irrigation for 10d) showed maximum decrease, they decreased for 28.85%, 47.04%, 43.03%, 43.61% and 42.25% than that in T1 (without irrigation for 5d), respectively. The variation trend of Tr in various materials were the same to the Pn. And it indicated that there was no appreciable impact on the dry leaf yield in the mild drought (without water for 5d), but with the drought stress continuing, the dry leaf yield of per plant became less and less. The varying degrees decreases of dry leaf yield in different materials with the same drought stress showed that different materials with different tolerance to drought stress.
Variation in Soil Phosphorus Forms in Larix olgensis Plantations in Eastern Montane Area of Northeast China
Authors: Chen Li Xin , Duan Wen Biao
Published: June 2012

Variation in total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), the forms of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) at different development stages in larch (Larix olgensis) plantations was quantitively studied through field investigation, chemical analysis and statistical test. The results indicated that: AP, O-P (occluded phosphate), TP, OP in RS exhibited a significantly or apparently decreased tendency over stand age, but IP, Ca-P (phosphate combined with calcium) and Fe-P (phosphate combined with Ferrum) in RS presented a significantly or apparently increased trend when stand age increased; Ca-P in NRS increased when stand age became larger; Fe-P in half-mature stand (HMS), AP and Fe-P in near mature stand (NMS), AP and Ca-P in mature stand (MS) in NRS was higher than in RS
Approaches for Chinese Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hui , Cao Qi Guang , Xie Guo Li
Published: June 2012

Nonpoint sources of pollution, primarily from agricultural sources, are a major cause of water quality impairment in China. Yet approaches for addressing this issue remain underexplored. This article first introduces the current status of China’s agricultural nonpoint sources pollution.The article then discusses some practical approaches for agricultural nonpoint sources pollution control in terms of China’s current economic development levels and conditions.The article concludes that voluntary programs, command and control programs and economic incentive instruments are feasiable for addressing agricultural nonpoint sources pollution, if such approaches are designed and implemented well.
Economics Analysis of Agricultural Environment Protection
Authors: Zhang Nan Nan , Guo Hong Yuan , Xu Ping , Bai Yang
Published: June 2012

Based on the theory of public goods, externality theory, and theory of property rights, the paper gives an economics analysis of agricultural environment protection, and raises the economic ways of agricultural environmental protection.
Study on Low-Carbon Community Evaluation Index System in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas under the Perspective of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Luo Shui , Xiao Shi Zhen , Luo Ya , Chen Yong Bi
Published: June 2012

Three typical karst rocky desertification sites in Guizhou including Yachi demonstration site in Bijie, Huajiang demonstration site in Guanling-Zhenfeng and Hongfeng Lake demonstration site in Qingzhen were chosen to research the low-carbon community construction under the perspective of ecological civilization. Many times investigations and discussions were carried out. Conclusions were drawn that: the ecological civilization has special meanings and characteristics featured by strong regionalism and entire systematicness; the key points for the construction of low-carbon community in karst rocky desertification areas includes low carbonization of ecological environment, low carbonization of productivity activities, low carbonization of energy consumption structure, low carbonization of lifestyle and low carbonization of institutional policy; the index system of low-carbon community in karst rocky desertification areas was established including target layer, criterion layer and index layer. Five criteria and 35 indices were figured out for evaluating low-carbon community in karst rocky desertification areas.
The Rubbish Rusticated and Rural Land Protection from the Perspective of Environmental Sociology
Authors: Yuan Ji Ping , Jiang Mao Dong , Yan Lan Ping
Published: June 2012

Rubbish rusticated is a pre-structure choice in the process of urbanization. Through intergovernmental conspiracy, it makes the rural land into a communal land where city residents process living rubbish. This kind of behavior encroached on rural land and harmed the environment of farming land. In the process, the separation between benefit circle and suffer circle, the dispersion of benefit circle, the cumulative of its effect and the impotence of struggle of suffer circle make rural land get no corresponding protection in the face of rubbish rusticated. To change this situation, it depends on the struggle of suffer circle, the support of technique and the change of policy.
Grey Prediction and Interpolation in WSN Greenhouse System
Authors: Cheng Wen Feng , Yang Xiang Long , Wang Li Ren
Published: June 2012

To prolong the power life of greenhouse monitoring system based WSN (GMSW), and avoid worsening the control performance when sampling time is elongated, the algorithm of Grey Prediction and Interpolation was proposed. This algorithm predicts the changing trend of the system’s variables with current values, and provides the precise prediction of the following variables. After processing of interpolation for predictive value, feedback values provided for the controller would be smooth and precise. Thus the lagging problem due to the long sampling time is solved, control performance is improved and the power life of wireless node is elongated.
Analysis of Ecological Water Demand and Measures of Ecological Comprehensive Management in the Downstream of Heihe River
Authors: Yang Li Bin , Huang Qiang , Wang Yu , Zhang Yong Yong , Meng Jing
Published: June 2012

In order to maintain the optimum ecological health for the downstream of Heihe River, it is necessary to analyze the ecological water demand in the downstream of Heihe River respectively from two aspects that artificial and natural ecological water demand, then the ecological water demands in the downstream of Heihe River of current situation and 2015 are determined in this paper, which are 962 million and 1.048 billion cubic metres. At the same time, some integrated measures for repairing and improving ecology for the downstream of Heihe River, including ecological water transporting project, ecological restoration project and ecological immigrant project, etc., are put forward in this paper, so as to guarantee the ecological safe for the downstream of Heihe River. Overall, all of these have the important practical significance for protecting the local ecological environment, supporting the local sustainable economic and society development, and guiding comprehensive treatment of the Heihe River basin.
Analysis on Biodiversity Conservation in the Pluralistic Vision
Authors: Сhen Guo Sheng
Published: June 2012

Through analyzing the process of the protection, international cooperation, modern technology application, policy and legislation of biodiversity conservation in the pluralized field of vision, the biodiversity conservation, we can see, remains very much a work. Therefore, it firstly should be based on the benefit–sharing, then, it should establish extensive international cooperation by building the global strategy mechanism on responsibility sharing of biodiversity protection and benefit–sharing coordination. Finally, based on the application of the modern technology and its breakthrough, the biodiversity conservation can achieve a effective long-term development through the international legislation and the effective policy coordination and constraints of countries.
Arbusular Mycorrhizal Fungi Effects of the Growth, Cd Uptake and Physiology of Solanum lycopersicum Seedlings under Cd Stress
Authors: Liu Ling Zhi , Gong Zong Qiang , Zhang Yu Long , Li Pei Jun
Published: June 2012

The effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, Cd uptake and some physio-biochemical indexes of Solanum lycopersicum seedlings under different levels of Cd stress were investigated in a pot study. Generally, the symbiotic relationship between Solanum lycopersicum and AMF can be well established under Cd stress. This was reflected by the better physio-biochemical index of the plants inoculated with G. constrictum, G. mosseae and G. intraradices whose colonization rates were between 41.4% and 76.1%. Compared with the non-inoculated ones, G. constrictum inoculation enhanced the plant biomass at 50 mg kg-1 Cd addition level. AM colonization increased the Cd distribution to the roots in plants and alleviated shoots from high Cd stress, and thus increased the shoot biomass in the end. At the high Cd addition level, mycorrhizal plants reacted differently in the reduction of the contents of MDA, by influencing the soluble sugar, POD activity, SOD activity and so on. Our results showed that mycorrhizal colonization was beneficial to the Cd translocation in plants and reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation in plants under serious Cd stress. However, the mechanisms of mycorrhizal protection in plants were influenced by many factors and still need to be further studied.
Characteristics of Water and Salt Transport in Layered Soils
Authors: Shi Wen Juan , Wang Juan , Song Xiao Yu
Published: June 2012

Characteristics of water and salt transport in layered soils with the loess soil layer overlapping different particle size sandy soil layer, was investigated in two dimensions soil chamber. The results show that, finger flow occurs when the wetting front enters into the low layer sandy soil, and the accumulative infiltration is greater for coarser particle size sandy soil than that for finer particle size one. The behavior of water movement and salt transport are disagree since salt content in soil profile has a significant difference for two treatments and water content is almost same. The further analysis explains this phenomenon is mainly caused by adsorption of the finer sandy soil to Na+. In additional, Cl- is easier to movement in pathway of the finger flow than that of Na+ whether the soil texture was same or not.
Duststorm-Facilitated Improvement of the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Tamarix ramosissima L. in the Oasis-Desert Ecotone, Northwest China
Authors: Han Wei , Cao Ling , Yimit Haimid
Published: June 2012

The photosynthetic efficiency of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., one of the major natural plants in the southern oasis-desert ecotone of the Taklimakan Desert, was investigated to assess the ecological effects of duststorms on T ramosissima Ledeb. We measured daily chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence parameters of mature leaves of healthy 10-years old T. ramosissima L. during months of July and August in 2008, using a portable modulated Chl a fluorometer PAM-2100 and three duststorm days were singled out to assess the affects of duststorms on the photosynthetic efficiency. Our results showed that duststorms increased the energy absorption and the increased absorption then enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency of T. ramosissima L. under duststorm weather conditions. Our results also showed that the qP (quenching coefficients for photosynthesis) was significantly decreased and qN (quenching coefficients for non-photosynthesis) was significantly increased during the maximum period of solar readiation between 14:00 and 16:00 under normal conditions, implying that stress might occur in normal weather conditions, but lowered stress to T ramosissima Ledeb. during duststorm weather conditions. In a word, duststorm-facilitated might provide favorable opportunities for constructing and expansing oasis-desert ecotone.
Effect of EDTA and EDDS on Phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- Contaminated Soil by Brassica Juncea
Authors: Gao Li Di , Kano Naoki , Sato Yuichi , Zhang Shuang , Imaizumi Hiroshi
Published: June 2012

Effect of EDTA and EDDS on phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- contaminated soil by Brassica Juncea was investigated in this work. Especially, the effect of the kind and the method of adding chelating agent was investigated during the plant growth. Plants were grown in an environmental control system. The biomass of the whole plant was weighed, and the uptake of Pb and Zn in shoot and root were determined using ICP-AES. Consequently, the following matters have been obtained: (1) Both EDTA and EDDS significantly enhanced the translocation of metals (Pb and Zn) in soil from root to shoot. Furthermore, the two chelating agents resulted in a sharply biomass loss for more than 30% of the control. As a result, the total uptake amount of metals by Brassica Juncea was decreased (except the uptake of Pb with the addition of 3.0 mmol•kg-1 EDTA). (2) EDDS showed the higher inhibition for the growth of Brassica Juncea than EDTA. (3) The method for adding EDTA and EDDS at several times separately did not necessarily increase the uptake of heavy metals.
Influence of Microorganisms on Nitrogen Cycle of Urban Wetland in Northeast China
Authors: Li Ji Guang , Ren Yi Bin , Tian Shuang Qi , Wang Qi Shuo , He Ji Wei , Wang He , Lu Xian Guo , Ren Nan Qi
Published: June 2012

Wetland is the important part in urban ecosystem. Microorganisms is integral component of urban wetland ecosystem is the main factor of wetlands sewage treatment, and plays an irreplaceable role in the degradation. In this paper, the authors regard urban wetland of Harbin in north shore of Songhua river as the research object, through experiments to identify the microorganisms types, finding five microorganisms types being nitrify fungi. The article analyzes the contributions of microorganisms in nitrogen cycle of urban wetland. It is present that microorganisms plays an irreplaceable role in controlling pollutions and nitrification and anti-nitrification reactions play the most significant role in the degradation of nitrogen compounds and ammonium oxidation is a possible process in deducing nitrogen pollutions.
Influence on Water Resource and Eco-Environment System of Tongguan Gold Mine Area by Mining Development Projects
Authors: Qiao Gang , Xu You Ning , He Fang
Published: June 2012

This text researches some influences of the negative environment effect caused by many years mining development projects on TongGuan gold mine area water resources and eco-environment system. On this base, some measures to water resources and eco-environment protection are put forward, and these have important meaning to the restoration of mineral mountain environment.
Landscape Characteristics of Jinsha River Basin (Yunnan Part) and Effects of Human Disturbance
Authors: Xia Ji Sheng , Zhang Lin Yan
Published: June 2012

The high population density and numerous open-pit mines in Jinsha River basin interfere local landscape to a large extent. The present paper discusses the relation between landscape characteristics and population density & area of open-pit mines, by dividing the basin into three sections (i.e. upstream, midstream and downstream) and conducting comparative analysis of the spatial relation between landscape characteristics and population density & area of open-pit mines. Study conclusions: ①major vegetation within the basin includes forestry, shrub grassland and xerophytic cultivated plants and the three sections significantly differ from each other: forestry is densely distributed in upper section, shrub in middle section and xerophytic cultivated plants in lower section; ②the spatial distribution rule of landscape fragmentation level is: middle section > lower section > upper section; ③ the spatial distribution landscape fragmentation level is in proportion to population density & area of open-pit mines: middle section has the highest population density and the largest number of open-pit mines, where the landscape is most seriously divided and patches are the most complicated; ④based on the previous conclusions, proposals for management, protection and control in different sections are provided: middle section – key zone of ecological environment management, upper section – key zone of ecological environment protection, lower section – key zone of ecological environment restoration and control. The study results can serve as ponderable reference for ecological protection and restoration in the basin.
Migration Mechanism of Climate Migrants and Analysis of Relevant Concepts
Authors: Cao Zhi Jie , Chen Shao Jun
Published: June 2012

The climate change issue and the real or potential substantial climate migration arising from climate change and its adverse impacts have become a severe challenge for human society in the 21st century, and one of the core concerns of human society today. Through the analysis of the climate migration mechanism during the course of social development, and the conceptual definition of climate migrants, this paper aims to strengthen our understanding and perception of climate migration, and further grasp the essence and law of evolution of climate migration, so as to make a preliminary exploration into how to tackle the challenge of climate migration arising from climate change, mitigate social risks facing climate migration, and promote the benign operation and balanced development of society effectively.
N2O Reduction Using Goat and Cow Manure-Based Compost as Biofilter Medium
Authors: Hermansyah Heri , Tania Surya Utami , Nasikin Mohammad
Published: June 2012

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the fourth most prevalent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor. This gas contributes most significantly to global warming since it decomposes with great difficulty in the atmosphere, even in low concentrations. Emissions of N2O gas are known to have an impact 310 times greater than the impact of CO2 on global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N2O concentration in the atmosphere has increased by 46 ppb (17%) since 1750, and continues to increase. A biofilter works by draining the contaminated air flow through a porous medium in which contaminants in the air flow are adsorbed by biofilms; these contaminants are then oxidized to produce biomass, CO2, H2O, nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-). In addition, the biofilter supports the growth of microorganisms present in the porous medium. This research was conducted to investigate the performance of two types of a compost-based filter medium in 9 hours N2O biofiltration, with N2O flow rate variations and variations in water content levels of the filter medium. A biofiltration experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of selected parameters on N2O removal efficiency. The results showed that goat manure-based compost was more effective in reducing N2O compared with cow manure-based compost, with the highest efficiency of 70.1%.
Quantitative Study on the Influencing Factors of Improving Public Environmental Awareness in Shanghai Based on Structural Equation Model
Authors: Yan Guo Dong , Kang Jian Cheng , Wang Guo Dong , Lin Hai , Zhu Jiong , Liu Chao , Sun Wenzheng , Li Yan , Jin Tao
Published: June 2012

Many factors contribute to formation of the environmental awareness of the public. The current existing related research mainly focuses on analysis of causality and correlation, with few quantitative research and empirical test. Thus the paper attempts to give a quantitative description of the factors influencing the public environmental awareness in Shanghai through applying structural equation model, and then put forth effective improvement countermeasures to provide theoretic basis for the government to formulate relevant policies. The conclusion show: The economic factor and environmental awareness factor show the strongest correlation, Individual factor has relatively obvious influences on the environmental factors, the year of birth, monthly income per capita, awareness of environmental protection, number of the neighborhood committees, and the number of the parks have great influences on the pubic environmental awareness in Shanghai
Studies on Benthos in the Intertidal Zone of Sanddy Mud Flats at Sanmen Bay, the East China Sea
Authors: Jiang Chen Jing , Zhu Gen Hai , Zhou Qing Song , Qian Jian
Published: June 2012

This paper first reported species composition and distribution of biomass, habitat density and characteristics of community structure of benthos. The result has showed that 64 species is first recorded from intertidal zone at Sanmen, of which, most are eurythermal and eurychoric species, and the predominant species are Bluecoat exert, Morale iridescent,Cerithidea cingulata, Lunatia gilva, Laternula marilina and Gaetice depressus etc. .The range of benthic biomass is from 234.25g/m2 to 440g/m2; and habitat density is from 955.0 ind./m2 to 2950.0 ind./m2. The vertical distribution has shown that species, biomass and habitat density sequence on the intertidal zone are middle tide region > low tide region > high tide region.
The Comparison between the Historical and Current Vegetation in Nansi Lake Area
Authors: Ge Xiu Li , Liu Jian , Wang Ren Qing
Published: June 2012

Nansi Lake is the largest fresh water lake in North China. In the recent fifty years, the wetland ecosystem of Nansi Lake has severely degraded and needs to be restored urgently. With the investigation (totally 39 sites) all around the Lake, the current status of plant species composition and the geographic distributions of the wetland vegetation were studied. The historical changes of the dominant species in Nansi Lake were studied using the data of five typical years chosen from the last fifty years. Results showed that the vegetation had changed significantly in the recent fifty years, and the current vegetation was fragmented because of human disturbance and confront the risk of plant invasions. In this study, the target, strategy and measures of wetland restoration of Nansi Lake are discussed. To meet the demand of restoration in Nansi Lake wetlands, some suggestions are brought out about the ecological security, the restoration species choosing and the research direction.
Study on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Flue-Cured Tobacco with 15N Tracing Technique
Authors: Hou Mao Mao , Shao Xiao Hou , Chen Li Hua , Chang Ting Ting , Wang Wei Na , Yang Qian , Wang Yao Fu
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Raising nitrogen utilization efficiency could not only cut the fertilizer costs, but also reduce the N loss and residual, which benefits a lot to agricultural production and environmental protection. In this experiment, the 15N tracing technique was employed in order to clear the accumulation and whereabouts of fertilizer N in flue-cured tobacco plants, besides, the tobaccos were treated by six different water-nitrogen modes, for the sake of finding out the best design with the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that more N application contributed to more fertilizer N accumulation, also increased the content of total N; Excess irrigation restrained the tobacco plants' absorption of fertilizer N, ultimately leading to the low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; After apex pruning, the N offering ability of the soil was much stronger than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilizer N accounts a relatively small part for the total N in tobacco plants, the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency was 24.16%, recorded in the design of 800mm irrigation amount and 6g/plant pure N application(T2), Meanwhile, the agronomic characters and crop yield was observed, tobaccos in T2 design performed better than the average level of field-cultivated tobaccos, the conclusions could be obtained that T2 design was preferable, which achieved the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency when ensured the normal growth and good harvest of flue-cured tobacco.
The Comparison of the Community Features between the Constructed Wetland and the Natural Wetland in Nansi Lake
Authors: Ge Xiu Li , Wang Ren Qing , Liu Jian
Published: June 2012

Thirteen typical plant communities were investigated in Xinxuehe constructed wetland restored for five years and in Gaolou natural wetland restored naturally for eight years. Both wetlands are located in Nansi Lake area. The species composition, coverage, aboveground biomass and biodiversity indices were compared between the communities from the constructed wetland and the natural wetland. The results showed that the constructed wetland and the natural wetland had similar emergent species and typical species of their own, however neither coverage nor aboveground biomass showed significant differences. In the meanwhile, we found that the biodiversity of natural wetland is relatively higher than the constructed wetland. For the wetland restoration and the water quality quick improving, it is suitable to use artificial ways to promote the restoration of wetlands which converted from the farmland in Nansi Lake area; in the other hand, the natural wetland restoration is more valuable for the biodiversity conservation in the long run.
Photosynthetical and Ecophysiological Characteristics of Illicium lanceolatum Seedlings for Different Provenances
Authors: Cao Yong Hui , Zhou Ben Zhi , Chen Shuang Lin , Xiao Jiang Hua , Wang Xiao Ming
Published: June 2012

The photosynthetic ecophysiological characters of 4 different Illicium lanceolatum provenances in three different growth seasons were measured. The results showed that significant differences of photosynthesis were existed among provenances and their growth seasons. 1) In the early growth period, the decreasing order of the mean daily net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 4 provenances were Lin’an (LA), Nan’ping (NP), Kai’hua (KH), and Wu’ning (WN) provenance and the order of mean daily transpiration rate (Tr) were LA, KH, NP and WN. In the prosperous growth period, the mean daily Pn ranked as in the decreasing order of WN, KH, LA and NP, and that of mean daily Tr were WN, KH, NP and LA. In the late growth period, the decreasing order of mean daily Pn were LA, KH, WN and NP. 2) I.lanceolatum had the obvious seasonal difference in the average value of Pn and Tr and that was ranked in decreasing order as flourishing growth period>early growth period >late growth period. 3) The path coefficient analysis indicated that the decreasing orders of important factors which affected Pn were temperature of leaf (Tleaf ), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), difference of saturation of water vapor (Vpdl), Tr, stomatal conductance (Cond), temperature of air (Tair)and air CO2 concentration of (Ca).
The Study of the Degradation of the Phosphate Ester Catalyzed by the Nitrogen Unsaturated Heterocycle Cerium(III) Complex
Authors: Feng Fa Mei , He Xi Yang , Wang Tao
Published: June 2012

Phosphate ester and its ramifications in the pesticide are virulent and some are known to be human carcinogens. The removal of phosphate ester in the leftover of the pesticide has been a major environmental concern. The Cerium(III) complex made up of a nitrogen unsaturated heterocycle ligand and Cerium ion(III) was used in the catalytic degradation of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate ester (BNPP). This catalytic system showed higher catalytic activity and better reproducibility and stability than other similar Cerium(III) systems. The rate of the BNPP catalytic degradation was about 109 -fold faster than that of its spontaneous degradation at the same conditions. The Cerium(III) complex is an very effective catalyst in the degradation of the phosphate ester.
Products Design of Weather-Based Index Insurance for Nanfeng Citrus Freezing Injury
Authors: Yin Jian Min , Miao Qi Long , Kong Pin
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Freezing injury in winter is the key meteorological disaster during Nafeng citrus cultivating. Based on the data of the Nanfeng citrus yield, planting area and freezing injury lost and the minimum air temperature in winter from 1961-2010, the meteorological yield was decomposed. By using the risk assessment methods, weather index and yield loss rate caused by freezing injury was determined, and weather-based index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injure insurance was designed. Occurrence probability of freezing injury was determined by extreme value theory, premium rate was counted and weather-based index insurance contact was designed. Insurance product based on weather index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injury is designed for the needs of policy-guided agricultural insurance. It can be used for avoidance of converse choice and moral hazard, and thus resolving the problems of high indemnity costs and low indemnity efficiency in agricultural insurance.
Genetic Analysis on Three Different Life Cycle Plant Populations, Leynus chinensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Rhodiola sachalinensis in Northeast of China
Authors: Yu Jing Hua , Wang Chun Jing , Tang Zhong Hua , Li De Wen , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: June 2012

The allozyme and RAPD technologies in this paper were used to investigate ecologically genetic characteristics of natural population of Leynus chinensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Rhodiola sachalinensis in northeast of China. The populations of them separately displayed characteristics of steady, expansive and endangered. According to the theory of plant life cycle forms established by Zu, they belong to Vegetative growth form (V), Sexual reproduction form (S) and Clone reproduction form (C). The result of allozyme and RAPD analyses indicated that genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in population corresponded with classification by this theory. This will provide an alternative for us to understand and assess the ecologically genetic characteristics of different populations.
Impact of Continuous Cucumis sativus L. Cropping on the Incidence of Root Diseases and Bacterial Community Structure
Authors: Hu Yuan Sen , Li Cui Xiang , Gu Li Kun
Published: June 2012

To investigate the change of cucumber root disease incidence and bacterial community shift in monocultrue soil, we established 4 treatments of greenhouse-pot cucumber, each representing various monoculture times, and monitored the bacterial variation in rhizosphere/bulk soil and root disease index. Results showed that culturable bacteria numbers gradually decreased as monoculture continued, a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in rhizosphere samples of the fourth cropping (FC) and the third cropping (TC) soil in contrast to that of non-continuous cropping (NC). The Eco-Physiological diversity index also declined with consecutive cucumber cropping. Analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that a few dominant bacterial species, including Pseudomonas sp. (95% similarity), Bacteriovorax sp. (93% similarity) and 2 uncultured soil bacteria, declined in population, while Sphingomonas sp. (100% similarity) and one uncultured bacterium increased. For all samples analyzed using DGGE or culture dependent approach, the bacterial population shift was more sensitive in the rhizosphere than in bulk soils, less bacterial diversity and higher root disease incidences were both detected in continuous monocultured soils.
The Growth of Nostoc flagelliforme Cells in Desert Soil and its Ecological Effects
Authors: Yue Si Jun , Liu Jing , Zheng Rui , Dai Yu Jie , Jia Yuan Yuan , Jia Shi Ru , Su Jian Yu
Published: June 2012

Nostoc flagelliforme cells obtained from liquid culture were cultivated in sand and desert soil to investigate the ecological effects of N. flagelliforme in desert area. The result showed that the N. flagelliforme cells exhibited adaptability to draught similar to the wild N. flagelliforme trichome. The growth rate of N. flagelliforme cells on the sand is much faster than that of the trichome. Determinations of the water permeability and water retention showed that the N. flagelliforme cells can improve the soil quality. The result of soil surface crusting indicated that N. flagelliforme cells can adhere to the surface of the sand particles growing and forming the biological crust.
Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Monooxygenase P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium ALA2
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Liang Liang , Li Xun
Published: June 2012

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are enzymes which are capable of oxidising saturated and unsaturated substrates. P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium is one of this family. For the ﬁrst time, the cyp gene for coding P450BM3 from B. megaterium ALA2 has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme is 120 kDa, containing 1049 aa. The highest activity of purified enzyme is 14.8 U/mg towards palmitic acid by monitoring the NADPH oxidation. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 40°C. The enzyme has higher activity towards linoleic acid, and 2-Methyl-7-octadecene can also be catalyzed which is a precursor of displar.