bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOXI3 pathogenic variants cause one form of craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Mao Ke , Borel Christelle , Ansar Muhammad , Jolly Angad , Makrythanasis Periklis , Froehlich Christine , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Wang Bingqing , Xu Xiaopeng , Li Qiang , Blanc Xavier , Zhu Hao , Chen Qi , Jin Fujun , Ankamreddy Harinarayana , Singh Sunita , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Xiaogang , Chen Peiwei , Ranza Emmanuelle , Paracha Sohail Aziz , Shah Syed Fahim , Guida Valentina , Piceci-Sparascio Francesca , Melis Daniela , Dallapiccola Bruno , Digilio Maria Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Magliozzi Monia , Fadda Maria Teresa , Streff Haley , Machol Keren , Lewis Richard A. , Zoete Vincent , Squeo Gabriella Maria , Prontera Paolo , Mancano Giorgia , Gori Giulia , Mariani Milena , Selicorni Angelo , Psoni Stavroula , Fryssira Helen , Douzgou Sofia , Marlin Sandrine , Biskup Saskia , De Luca Alessandro , Merla Giuseppe , Zhao Shouqin , Cox Timothy C. , Groves Andrew K. , Lupski James R. , Zhang Qingguo , Zhang Yong-Biao , Antonarakis Stylianos E.
Published: April 2023

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM; also known as Goldenhar syndrome), is a craniofacial developmental disorder of variable expressivity and severity with a recognizable set of abnormalities. These birth defects are associated with structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, can occur unilaterally and include ear dysplasia, microtia, preauricular tags and pits, facial asymmetry and other malformations. The inheritance pattern is controversial, and the molecular etiology of this syndrome is largely unknown. A total of 670 patients belonging to unrelated pedigrees with European and Chinese ancestry with CFM, are investigated. We identify 18 likely pathogenic variants in 21 probands (3.1%) inFOXI3. Biochemical experiments on transcriptional activity and subcellular localization of the likely pathogenicFOXI3variants, and knock-in mouse studies strongly support the involvement ofFOXI3in CFM. Our findings indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, and/or autosomal recessive inheritance. The phenotypic expression of theFOXI3variants is variable. The penetrance of the likely pathogenic variants in the seemingly dominant form is reduced, since a considerable number of such variants in affected individuals were inherited from non-affected parents. Here we provide suggestive evidence that common variation in theFOXI3allele intranswith the pathogenic variant could modify the phenotypic severity and accounts for the incomplete penetrance.
Anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation by the Roseobacter group is prevalent in marine biofilms
Authors: Ding Wei , Wang Shougang , Qin Peng , Fan Shen , Su Xiaoyan , Cai Peiyan , Lu Jie , Cui Han , Wang Meng , Shu Yi , Wang Yongming , Fu Hui-Hui , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Yong-Xin , Zhang Weipeng
Published: April 2023

Thiosulfate oxidation by microbes has a major impact on global sulfur cycling. Here, we provide evidence that bacteria within variousRoseobacterlineages are important for thiosulfate oxidation in marine biofilms. We isolate and sequence the genomes of 54 biofilm-associatedRoseobacterstrains, finding conservedsoxgene clusters for thiosulfate oxidation and plasmids, pointing to a niche-specific lifestyle. Analysis of global ocean metagenomic data suggests thatRoseobacterstrains are abundant in biofilms and mats on various substrates, including stones, artificial surfaces, plant roots, and hydrothermal vent chimneys. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates that the majority of activesoxgenes in biofilms belong toRoseobacterstrains. Furthermore, we show thatRoseobacterstrains can grow and oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomic and membrane proteomic analyses of biofilms formed by a representative strain indicate that thiosulfate inducessoxgene expression and alterations in cell membrane protein composition, and promotes biofilm formation and anaerobic respiration. We propose that bacteria of theRoseobactergroup are major thiosulfate-oxidizers in marine biofilms, where anaerobic thiosulfate metabolism is preferred.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of capsids and in situ portals of DNA-devoid capsids of human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Li Zhihai , Pang Jingjing , Gao Rongchao , Wang Qingxia , Zhang Maoyan , Yu Xuekui
Published: April 2023

The portal-scaffold complex is believed to nucleate the assembly of herpesvirus procapsids. During capsid maturation, two events occur: scaffold expulsion and DNA incorporation. The portal-scaffold interaction and the conformational changes that occur to the portal during the different stages of capsid formation have yet to be elucidated structurally. Here we present high-resolution structures of the A- and B-capsids and in-situ portals of human cytomegalovirus. We show that scaffolds bind to the hydrophobic cavities formed by the dimerization and Johnson-fold domains of the major capsid proteins. We further show that 12 loop-helix-loop fragments—presumably from the scaffold domain—insert into the hydrophobic pocket of the portal crown domain. The portal also undergoes significant changes both positionally and conformationally as it accompanies DNA packaging. These findings unravel the mechanism by which the portal interacts with the scaffold to nucleate capsid assembly and further our understanding of scaffold expulsion and DNA incorporation.
Multidimensional query processing algorithm by dimension transformation
Authors: Rimi Rejwana Tasnim , Hasan K. M. Azharul , Tsuji Tatsuo
Published: April 2023

Multidimensional query processing is an important access pattern for multidimensional scientific data. We propose an in-memory multidimensional query processing algorithm for dense data using a higher-dimensional array. We developed a new array system namely a Converted two-dimensional Array (C2A) of a multidimensional array of dimension n ($$n > 2$$

n
>
2

) where the n dimensions are transformed into 2 dimensions. Using the C2A, we design and analyze less complex algorithms that show improve performance for data locality and cache miss rate. Therefore, improved performance for data retrieval is achieved. We demonstrate algorithms for single key and range key queries for both Traditional Multidimensional Array(TMA) and C2A. We also compare the performance of both schemes. The cost of index computation gets high when the number of dimensions increases in a TMA but the proposed C2A based algorithm shows less computation cost. The cache miss rate is also lower for in C2A based algorithm than TMA based algorithm. Theoretical and experimental results show that the performance of C2A based algorithm outperforms the TMA-based algorithms.
Response of different varieties of maize to nitrogen stress and diagnosis of leaf nitrogen using hyperspectral data
Authors: Lu Yanli , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cui Yuezhi , Chao Yaru , Song Guipei , Nie Caie , Wang Lei
Published: April 2023

Spectral technology is theoretically effective in diagnosing N stress in maize (Zea mays L.), but its application is affected by varietal differences. In this study, the responses to N stress, leaf N spectral diagnostic models and the differences between two maize varieties were analysed. The variety “Jiyu 5817” exhibited a greater response to different N stresses at the 12-leaf stage (V12), while “Zhengdan 958” displayed a greater response in the silking stage (R1). Correlation analysis showed that the spectral bands more sensitive to leaf N content were 548–556 nm and 706–721 nm at the V12 stage in “Jiyu 5817” and 760–1142 nm at the R1 stage in “Zhengdan 958”. An N spectral diagnostic model that considers the varietal effect improves the model fit and root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to the model without it by 10.6% and 29.2%, respectively. It was concluded that the V12 stage for “Jiyu 5817” and the R1 stage for “Zhengdan 958” were the best diagnostic stages and were more sensitive to N stress, which can further guide fertilization decision-making in precision fertilization.
Most patients with COPD are unaware of their health threats and are not diagnosed: a national-level study using pulmonary function test
Authors: Park Myung-Bae , Lee Tae Sic , Lee Ji-ho , Lee Jinhee
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate national-level prevalence of COPD, proportion of patients diagnosed with and without COPD. We performed pulmonary function test (PFT) in 24,454 adults aged > 40 years for 8 years (2010–2017). The annual COPD prevalence increased from 13.1% in 2010 to 14.6% in 2012, followed by 13.3% in 2017. However, patients diagnosed with COPD ranged between 0.5 and 1.0% in the last 8 years, which means that only 5% of all COPD patients were diagnosed with COPD by doctors. We defined potential high-risk individuals as those with a FEV1/FVC ratio of < 0.70, who have not been diagnosed with COPD and other respiratory diseases tuberculosis, asthma, lung cancer. The proportion of this group was 80.8% in 2010 and 78.1% in 2017. The older age group, women, low-educated group, and current smokers who have been smoking for a long time are more likely to be in the high-risk group having a higher possibility to develop COPD but are not diagnosed with COPD appropriately. Although COPD prevalence was high in the ever, current, and heavy smokers, only the diagnosis rate of COPD in ever smokers was 2.38 times higher than never smokers, indicating that a system is needed to screen and intervention for these groups.
Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in combination with tumor cell vaccination predicts anti-tumor immunity and breast cancer dormancy: an in silico experiment
Authors: Mehdizadeh Reza , Shariatpanahi Seyed Peyman , Goliaei Bahram , Rüegg Curzio
Published: April 2023

Among the different breast cancer subsets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. Immunotherapies are emerging as novel treatment opportunities for TNBC. However, the surging immune response elicited by immunotherapies to eradicate cancer cells can select resistant cancer cells, which may result in immune escape and tumor evolution and progression. Alternatively, maintaining the equilibrium phase of the immune response may be advantageous for keeping a long-term immune response in the presence of a small-size residual tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are activated, expanded, and recruited to the tumor microenvironment by tumor-derived signals and can shape a pro-tumorigenic micro-environment by suppressing the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. We recently proposed a model describing immune-mediated breast cancer dormancy instigated by a vaccine consisting of dormant, immunogenic breast cancer cells derived from the murine 4T1 TNBC-like cell line. Strikingly, these 4T1-derived dormant cells recruited fewer MDSCs compared to aggressive 4T1 cells. Recent experimental studies demonstrated that inactivating MDSCs has a profound impact on reconstituting immune surveillance against the tumor. Here, we developed a deterministic mathematical model for simulating MDSCs depletion from mice bearing aggressive 4T1 tumors resulting in immunomodulation. Our computational simulations indicate that a vaccination strategy with a small number of tumor cells in combination with MDSC depletion can elicit an effective immune response suppressing the growth of a subsequent challenge with aggressive tumor cells, resulting in sustained tumor dormancy. The results predict a novel therapeutic opportunity based on the induction of effective anti-tumor immunity and tumor dormancy.
Natural statistics of human head orientation constrain models of vestibular processing
Authors: Sinnott Christian B. , Hausamann Peter A. , MacNeilage Paul R.
Published: April 2023

Head orientation relative to gravity determines how gravity-dependent environmental structure is sampled by the visual system, as well as how gravity itself is sampled by the vestibular system. Therefore, both visual and vestibular sensory processing should be shaped by the statistics of head orientation relative to gravity. Here we report the statistics of human head orientation during unconstrained natural activities in humans for the first time, and we explore implications for models of vestibular processing. We find that the distribution of head pitch is more variable than head roll and that the head pitch distribution is asymmetrical with an over-representation of downward head pitch, consistent with ground-looking behavior. We further suggest that pitch and roll distributions can be used as empirical priors in a Bayesian framework to explain previously measured biases in perception of both roll and pitch. Gravitational and inertial acceleration stimulate the otoliths in an equivalent manner, so we also analyze the dynamics of human head orientation to better understand how knowledge of these dynamics can constrain solutions to the problem of gravitoinertial ambiguity. Gravitational acceleration dominates at low frequencies and inertial acceleration dominates at higher frequencies. The change in relative power of gravitational and inertial components as a function of frequency places empirical constraints on dynamic models of vestibular processing, including both frequency segregation and probabilistic internal model accounts. We conclude with a discussion of methodological considerations and scientific and applied domains that will benefit from continued measurement and analysis of natural head movements moving forward.
Diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography for the identification of proximal aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sutarjono Bayu , Ahmed Abrar Justin , Ivanova Anna , Buchel Brandon , Rauscher Joseph , O’Connell Alanna , Riekena Jeremy , Gift Aluko , Kessel Matthew , Grewal Ekjot
Published: April 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for diagnosis of proximal aortic dissections based on the identification of specific sonographic features. A systematic literature search of major databases was conducted on human studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of TTE for proximal aortic dissection. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The quality of studies was evaluated using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Data were gathered for the following sonographic findings: intimal flap, tear, or intramural hematoma; enlargement of aortic root or widening of aortic walls; aortic valve regurgitation; or pericardial effusion. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, number needed to diagnose values, and likelihood ratios were determined. Fourteen studies were included in our final analysis. More than half of the included studies demonstrated low risk of bias. The identification of intimal flap, tear, or intramural hematoma was shown to have an exceptional ability as a diagnostic tool to rule in proximal aortic dissections. TTE should be considered during the initial evaluation of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected proximal aortic dissection. Positive sonographic findings on TTE may aid in rapid assessment, coordination of care, and treatment of individuals awaiting advanced imaging.
Stereology neuron counts correlate with deep learning estimates in the human hippocampal subregions
Authors: Oltmer Jan , Rosenblum Emma W. , Williams Emily M. , Roy Jessica , Llamas-Rodriguez Josué , Perosa Valentina , Champion Samantha N. , Frosch Matthew P. , Augustinack Jean C.
Published: April 2023

Hippocampal subregions differ in specialization and vulnerability to cell death. Neuron death and hippocampal atrophy have been a marker for the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Relatively few studies have examined neuronal loss in the human brain using stereology. We characterize an automated high-throughput deep learning pipeline to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons, generate pyramidal neuron estimates within the human hippocampal subfields, and relate our results to stereology neuron counts. Based on seven cases and 168 partitions, we vet deep learning parameters to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons from the background using the open-source CellPose algorithm, and show the automated removal of false-positive segmentations. There was no difference in Dice scores between neurons segmented by the deep learning pipeline and manual segmentations (Independent Samples t-Test: t(28) = 0.33, p = 0.742). Deep-learning neuron estimates strongly correlate with manual stereological counts per subregion (Spearman’s correlation (n = 9): r(7) = 0.97, p < 0.001), and for each partition individually (Spearman’s correlation (n = 168): r(166) = 0.90, p <0 .001). The high-throughput deep-learning pipeline provides validation to existing standards. This deep learning approach may benefit future studies in tracking baseline and resilient healthy aging to the earliest disease progression.
Wind-current feedback is an energy sink for oceanic internal waves
Authors: Delpech Audrey , Barkan Roy , Renault Lionel , McWilliams James , Siyanbola Oladeji Q. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Arbic Brian K.
Published: April 2023

Internal waves contain a large amount of energy in the ocean and are an important source of turbulent mixing. Ocean mixing is relevant for climate because it drives vertical transport of water, heat, carbon and other tracers. Understanding the life cycle of internal waves, from generation to dissipation, is therefore important for improving the representation of ocean mixing in climate models. Here, we provide evidence from a regional realistic numerical simulation in the northeastern Pacific that the wind can play an important role in damping internal waves through current feedback. This results in a reduction of 67% of wind power input at near-inertial frequencies in the region of study. Wind-current feedback also provides a net energy sink for internal tides, removing energy at a rate of 0.2 mW/m$$^2$$

2

on average, corresponding to 8% of the local internal tide generation at the Mendocino ridge. The temporal variability and modal distribution of this energy sink are also investigated.
A study on the differential of solid lung adenocarcinoma and tuberculous granuloma nodules in CT images by Radiomics machine learning
Authors: Tan Huibin , Wang Ye , Jiang Yuanliang , Li Hanhan , You Tao , Fu Tingting , Peng Jiaheng , Tan Yuxi , Lu Ran , Peng Biwen , Huang Wencai , Xiong Fei
Published: April 2023

To study the classification efficiency of using texture feature machine learning method in distinguishing solid lung adenocarcinoma (SADC) and tuberculous granulomatous nodules (TGN) that appear as solid nodules (SN) in non-enhanced CT images. 200 patients with SADC and TGN who underwent thoracic non-enhanced CT examination from January 2012 to October 2019 were included in the study, 490 texture eigenvalues of 6 categories were extracted from the lesions in the non-enhanced CT images of these patients for machine learning, the classification prediction model is established by using relatively the best classifier selected according to the fitting degree of learning curve in the process of machine learning, and the effectiveness of the model was tested and verified. The logistic regression model of clinical data (including demographic data and CT parameters and CT signs of solitary nodules) was used for comparison. The prediction model of clinical data was established by logistic regression, and the classifier was established by machine learning of radiologic texture features. The area under the curve was 0.82 and 0.65 for the prediction model based on clinical CT and only CT parameters and CT signs, and 0.870 based on Radiomics characteristics. The machine learning prediction model developed by us can improve the differentiation efficiency of SADC and TGN with SN, and provide appropriate support for treatment decisions.
Equivalence partition based morphological similarity clustering for large-scale time series
Authors: Hu Shaolin
Published: April 2023

Data clustering belongs to the category of unsupervised learning and plays an important role in the dynamic systems and big data. The clustering problem of sampled time-series data is undoubtedly much more challenging than that of repeatable sampling data. Most of the existing time-series clustering methods stay at the level of algorithm design, lacking rigorous theoretical foundation and being inefficient in dealing with large-scale time series. To address this issue, in this paper, we establish the mathematical theory for the large-scale time series clustering of dynamic system. The main contributions of this paper include proposing the concept of time series morphological isomorphism, proving that translation isomorphism and stretching isomorphism are equivalent relations, developing the calculation method of morphological similarity measure, and establishing a new time series clustering method based on equivalent partition and morphological similarity. These contributions provide a new theoretical foundation and practical method for the clustering of large-scale time series. Simulation results in typical applications verify the validity and practicability of the aforementioned clustering methods.
Obesity and COVID-19 mortality are correlated
Authors: Arulanandam Bernard , Beladi Hamid , Chakrabarti Avik
Published: April 2023

In view of a conspicuous absence of any cross-country study linking obesity and COVID-19 mortality, we conduct an empirical analysis of plausible associations between COVID-19 mortality and the proportion of obese in the adult population distributed across 142 countries around the globe. We observe a statistically significant positive association between COVID-19 mortality and the proportion of obese in adult populations spanning 142 countries. This association holds across countries belonging to different income groups and is not sensitive to a population’s median age, proportion of the elderly, and/or proportion of females. The estimated elasticity of COVID-19 mortality, with respect to the proportion of obese in adult populations, is the highest for the sub-sample of countries that belong to the high-income group. While limits of confidence intervals around the point estimates of these elasticities range between 0.7 and 2.1, on an average, every percentage point increment in the proportion of obese in adult populations contributes to an additional 1.5% points to COVID-19 mortality for high income countries. A positive association, observed between COVID-19 mortality and the proportion of the obese in a country’s adult population, is robust subject to alterations in the conditioning information set on age, gender, and income.
The preparation of silica supported, dilute limit PdAu alloys via simultaneous strong electrostatic adsorption
Authors: Dong Anhua , Shakouri Abolfazl , Karakalos Starvros , Blom Doug , Williams Christopher T. , Regalbuto John R.
Published: April 2023

Supported, dilute Pd-in-Au alloyed nanoparticles might possess enhanced reactivity due to the altered structural and electronic properties of the Pd atoms isolated in an Au nanoparticle matrix.
Induced-volatolomics for the design of tumour activated therapy
Authors: Châtre Rémi , Blochouse Estelle , Eid Rony , Djago Fabiola , Lange Justin , Tarighi Mehrad , Renoux Brigitte , Sobilo Julien , Le Pape Alain , Clarhaut Jonathan , Geffroy Claude , Opalinski Isabelle , Tuo Wei , Papot Sébastien , Poinot Pauline
Published: April 2023

We developed a volatile organic compound (VOC)-based probe cocktail for monitoring the dysregulation of tumour-associated enzymes via the detection of volatile tracers in animal breath, thereby allowing the discovery of a new tumour targeted therapy.
The engineering and application of extracellular matrix hydrogels: a review
Authors: Zhang Yunting , Xu Yihua , Gao Jianqing
Published: April 2023

The engineering and appliccations of ECM hydrogels.
Solvent-free oxidation of benzyl C–H to ketone with Co–Ni layered double hydroxide as the catalyst and O2 as the sole oxidant
Authors: Ren Jiali , Zhou Yan , Miao Hui , Wang Chaoqun , Lv Shanshan , Song Manman , Li Feng , Feng Mengmeng , Chen Zheng
Published: April 2023

The CoNi layered double hydroxide with H-vacancy have been used as catalyst and exhibit excellent catalytic performance in solvent-free oxidation of ethylbenzene using oxygen as sole oxidant.
Improved intracellular delivery of exosomes by surface modification with fluorinated peptide dendrimers for promoting angiogenesis and migration of HUVECs
Authors: Ma Shengnan , Song Lei , Bai Yueyue , Wang Shihao , Wang Jiao , Zhang Haohao , Wang Fazhan , He Yiyan , Tian Chuntao , Qin Guijun
Published: April 2023

The fluorine-engineered exosomes (exo@FPG3) could overcome the biological barriers for efficient cytosolic delivery and enhance biological function of exosomes.
Hydroxy silicone oil modified boron nitride for high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss silicone rubber composites: experimental and molecular simulation studies
Authors: Yu Xiao , Qiao Bo , Cai Fei , Xiao Ji-hai , Yang Wei , Wu Si-zhu
Published: April 2023

Polymer-based composites are widely used in microelectronics and wireless communications, which require high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss for effective heat dispersion and signal transmission.
Iridium catalysed C2 site-selective methylation of indoles using a pivaloyl directing group through weak chelation-assistance
Authors: Kathiravan Subban , Zhang Tianshu , Nicholls Ian A.
Published: April 2023

Efficient iridium(iii) catalysed C2-selective methylation of indoles through the formation of a five-membered metallocycle is explored.
A flexible perovskite homojunction with metallic ion doping for large-scale and high sensitivity X-ray detection
Authors: Zhao Jingda , Wang Xin , Ding Yijing , Wei Ziyu , Xu Yubing , Pan Yuzhu , Li Yuwei , Bae Byung Seong , Furuta Mamoru , Zhu Zhuoya , Li Qing , Zhou Jianming , Zhang Xiaobing , Lei Wei
Published: April 2023

A large-scale flexible X-ray detector based on a perovskite p–n homojunction is reported in this work. The addition of a Bi3+-doped MAPbI3layer would effectively suppress the dark current and noise while maintaining high sensitivity.
Developmental Language Disorder Terminology: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Use and Knowledge
Authors: Steffes Erin , Finestack Lizbeth H.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a relatively new, internationally promoted term to describe individuals with language impairments not secondary to a biomedical condition. This study aimed to better understand speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') current level of comfort using DLD terminology and knowledge of DLD in the United States to help SLPs better understand how and why they should consider adopting DLD terminology in their clinical practice.

Method:

After completing an online presurvey to evaluate current comfort levels in using DLD terminology and current knowledge of DLD, currently practicing SLPs viewed a 45-min prerecorded educational video on DLD. Following this viewing, participants completed a postsurvey nearly identical to the presurvey to measure change in their comfort levels with DLD terminology use and in DLD knowledge.

Results:

After filtering to remove likely fraudulent responders, we included 77 participants in all analyses. Presurvey Likert scale responses indicated at least some comfort in using DLD terminology. Additionally, presurvey results of true/false DLD knowledge questions revealed high variability in respondents' knowledge of DLD. A McNemar chi-square test indicated statistically significant changes in participants' comfort levels in using DLD terminology from pre- to postsurvey for each question. A paired
t
test indicated statistically significant changes in DLD knowledge from pre- to postsurvey.

Conclusion:

Despite some limitations, it was concluded that diffusion efforts, such as educational presentations, are likely to increase SLPs' comfort levels in using DLD terminology and SLPs' knowledge of DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22344349
Systematische Reviews zur Wirksamkeit der multidisziplinären
Rehabilitation
Authors: Salzwedel Annett , Rauch Bernhard
Published: April 2023

Die systematische Auswertung („Review“) und Metaanalyse der
Ergebnisse kontrollierter klinischer Studien gilt als
„Goldstandard“ der evidenzbasierten Medizin und kann dennoch zu
unterschiedlichen und sogar vermeintlich widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen
führen. Die folgenden Ausführungen sollen helfen, systematische
Reviews zur multidisziplinären Rehabilitation korrekt zu interpretieren,
um kritische Schlussfolgerungen für die klinische Praxis zu
ermöglichen.
Scalable, economical, and stable sequestration of agricultural fixed carbon
Authors: Yablonovitch Eli , Deckman Harry W.
Published: April 2023

We describe a scalable, economical solution to the carbon dioxide problem. CO
2
is captured from the atmosphere by plants, and the harvested vegetation is then buried in an engineered dry biolandfill. Plant biomass can be preserved for hundreds to thousands of years by burial in a dry environment with sufficiently low thermodynamic “
Water Activity,
” which is the relative humidity in equilibrium with the biomass. Maintaining a dry environment within the engineered dry biolandfill is assisted by salt that preserves biomass, which has been known since Biblical times. A “Water Activity” <60%, assisted by salt, will not support life, suppressing anaerobic organisms, thus preserving the biomass for thousands of years. Current agricultural costs, and biolandfill costs, indicate US$60/tonne of sequestered CO
2
which corresponds to ~US$0.53 per gallon of gasoline. The technology is scalable owing to the large area of land available for nonfood biomass sources. If biomass production is scaled to the level of a major crop, existing CO
2
can be extracted from the atmosphere, and will simultaneously sequester a significant fraction of world CO
2
emissions.
Investigation into the linguistic category membership of the Finnish planning particletota
Authors: Kirjavainen Minna , Nikolaev Alexandre
Published: April 2023

Even though hesitations (e.g.,um/uh) were historically perceived as involuntary non-linguistic items (e.g.,Maclay & Osgood 1959), more recently, a number of scholars have suggested that hesitations can behave like (a) lexical items (e.g.,Clark & Fox Tree 2002), and (b) at least in some contexts and with some functions as grammatical items like suffixes/clitics (Kirjavainen, Crible & Beeching 2022;Tottie 2017). The current study contributes to this body of work and presents two spoken language corpus analyses (frequency analysis; network analysis) investigating the nature of the Finnish planning particletota.Our results suggest thattotais more similar to grammatical items than lexical items.
Metaphorical framing in news
Authors: Saneie Moghadam Maryam , Ghafar Samar Reza
Published: April 2023

This study investigates metaphorical framing in political language. In particular, we describe dominant metaphoric frames which are used by the conservative and liberal media in the US when debating over the different aspects of the socio-political issues. The data for this study have been collected from the online archives of CNN and Fox news that were published on the two topics of medical healthcare system and immigration. We draw upon the ideas from some of the most recent semi-automated metaphor identification approaches to identify metaphors in texts. The findings of this study indicate that the US conservatives use a wider range of metaphorical frames to discuss the political issues. Some metaphorical frames are often used by both parties, while some others mark the divisive partisan rhetoric. Besides, the findings show that there are some metaphoric frames that are exclusively used to talk about a particular aspect of a topic.
Towards effective actions for the continuum limit of spin foams
Authors: Borissova Johanna N , Dittrich Bianca
Published: April 2023

Spin foams arise from a quantization of classical gravity expressed via the Plebanski action. Key open questions related to the continuum limit of spin foams are whether general relativity is reproduced and what type of corrections could emerge. As a central component for spin foam dynamics, recent results on the continuum limit of the Area Regge action suggest a close relation with actions for area metrics instead of a length metric. Inspired by these results, within the framework of modified Plebanski theory we construct a family of candidate actions for area metrics. These actions are expected to describe the continuum limit of spin foams and provide a starting point to explore phenomenological aspects of the large-scale dynamics of spin foams. More generally, they set the stage for exploring consequences of an enlargement of the configuration space for gravity from length to area metrics. The actions we construct lead to an effective action for the length metric, describing a non-local and ghost-free version of Einstein–Weyl gravity.
Alleviating the cosmological constant problem from particle production
Authors: Belfiglio Alessio , Giambò Roberto , Luongo Orlando
Published: April 2023

We explore a toy model mechanism of geometric cancellation, alleviating the (classical) cosmological constant problem. To do so, we assume at primordial times that vacuum energy fuels an inflationary quadratic hilltop potential nonminimally coupled to gravity through a standard Yukawa-like interacting term, whose background lies on a perturbed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric. We demonstrate how vacuum energy release transforms into geometric particles, adopting a quasi-de Sitter phase where we compute the expected particle density and mass ranges. Perturbations are introduced by means of the usual external-field approximation, so that the back-reaction of the created particles on the geometry is not considered here. We discuss the limitations of this approach and we also suggest possible refinements. We then propose the most suitable dark matter candidates, showing under which circumstances we can interpret dark matter as constituted by geometric quasiparticles. We confront our predictions with quantum particle production and constraints made using a Higgs portal. In addition, the role of the bare cosmological constant is reinterpreted to speed up the Universe today. Thus, consequences on the standard ΛCDM paradigm are critically highlighted, showing how both coincidence and fine-tuning issues can be healed requiring the Israel–Darmois matching conditions between our involved inhomogeneous and homogeneous phases.
Design and test of the actuation circuit of the inertial sensor for space gravitational wave detection based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Liu Meilin , Wu Shufan
Published: April 2023

The key scientific performance of the inertial sensor used for space gravitational wave detection is the residual acceleration noise of the test mass (TM), which is caused by the noise of inertial sensor components and external environmental noise. As the actuator of the inertial sensor, the performance of the actuator circuit affects the residual acceleration noise, but it is difficult to test the residual acceleration noise with a single actuation circuit. In this study, the actuator circuit is designed and a low-cost hardware-in-the-loop simulation system combined actuation circuit and other parts of the inertial sensor are established to test the residual acceleration noise. The system is composed of simulator electronics and software simulator, which establishes the connection between the actuation circuit with the Simulink model. The displacement sensing, probe, and drag-free model were built in Simulink to form a closed loop with the actuation circuit through the serial port. The simulation and test results show that the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system can preliminarily test the residual acceleration of TM, and the residual acceleration introduced by the actuation circuit is 2.5 × 10−13 m s−2 Hz−1/2. Compared with the conventional test method, the system has the advantages of low cost, simple implementation, and easy extension to test any single inertial sensor module.
Valley-polarized and enhanced transmission in graphene with a smooth strain profile
Authors: Wang Sake , Tian Hongyu , Sun Minglei
Published: April 2023

We explore the influence of strain on the valley-polarized transmission of graphene by employing the wave-function matching and the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique. When the transmission is along the armchair direction, we show that the valley polarization and transmission can be improved by increasing the width of the strained region and increasing (decreasing) the extensional strain in the armchair (zigzag) direction. It is noted that the shear strain does not affect transmission and valley polarization. Furthermore, when we consider the smooth strain barrier, the valley-polarized transmission can be enhanced by increasing the smoothness of the strain barrier. We hope that our finding can shed new light on constructing graphene-based valleytronic and quantum computing devices by solely employing strain.
Invariant manifold growth formula in cylindrical coordinates and its application for magnetically confined fusion
Authors: Wei Wenyin , Liang Yunfeng
Published: April 2023

For three-dimensional vector fields, the governing formula of invariant manifolds grown from a hyperbolic cycle is given in cylindrical coordinates. The initial growth directions depend on the Jacobians of Poincaré map on that cycle, for which an evolution formula is deduced to reveal the relationship among Jacobians of different Poincaré sections. The evolution formula also applies to cycles in arbitrary finite n-dimensional autonomous continuous-time dynamical systems. Non-Möbiusian/Möbiusian saddle cycles and a dummy X-cycle are constructed analytically as demonstration. A real-world numeric example of analyzing a magnetic field timeslice on EAST is presented.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in those living with and without obesity: an analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004–2015 studies
Authors: Osadnik Kamila , Osadnik Tadeusz , Gierlotka Marek , Windak Adam , Tomasik Tomasz , Mastej Mirosław , Kuras Agnieszka , Jóźwiak Kacper , Penson Peter E , Lip Gregory Y H , Mikhailidis Dimitri P , Toth Peter P , Catapano Alberico L , Ray Kausik K , Howard George , Tomaszewski Maciej , Charchar Fadi J , Sattar Naveed , Williams Bryan , MacDonald Thomas M , Banach Maciej , Jóźwiak Jacek
Published: April 2023

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality.

Methods and results

The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS, and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality were analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 45 615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14 202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria and 17 216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44 620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese {hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82–2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively} and non-obese individuals [HR: 2.11 (95% CI 1.85–2.40) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.56–1.85) according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively]. Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS [HR: 1.16 (95% CI 1.10–1.23) and HR: 1.22 (95% CI 1.15–1.30), respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied].

Conclusions

MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS, obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised.
Internal validation of an improved system for forensic application: a 41-plex Y-STR panel
Authors: Chai Siyu , Li Min , Tao Ruiyang , Xia Ruocheng , Kong Qianqian , Qu Yiling , Chen Liqin , Liu Shiquan , Li Chengtao , Chen Pengyu , Zhang Suhua
Published: April 2023

Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have a unique role in forensic investigation. However, low–medium mutating Y-STRs cannot meet the requirements for male lineage differentiation in inbred populations, whereas rapidly mutating (RM) high-resolution Y-STRs might cause unexpected exclusion of paternal lineages. Thus, combining Y-STRs with low and high mutation rates helps to distinguish male individuals and lineages in family screening and analysis of genetic relationships. In this study, a novel 6-dye, 41-plex Y-STR panel was developed and validated, which included 17 loci from the Yfiler kit, nine RM Y-STR loci, 15 low–medium mutating Y-STR loci, and three Y-InDels. Developmental validation was performed for this panel, including size precision testing, stutter analysis, species specificity analysis, male specificity testing, sensitivity testing, concordance evaluation, polymerase chain reaction inhibitors analysis, and DNA mixture examination. The results demonstrated that the novel 41-plex Y-STR panel, developed in-house, was time efficient, accurate, and reliable. It showed good adaptability to directly amplify a variety of case-type samples. Furthermore, adding multiple Y-STR loci significantly improved the system’s ability to distinguish related males, making it highly informative for forensic applications. In addition, the data obtained were compatible with the widely used Y-STR kits, facilitating the search and construction of population databases. Moreover, the addition of Y-Indels with short amplicons improves the analyses of degraded samples.

Key Points
Defer or Revise? Horizontal Dialogue Between UN Treaty Bodies and Regional Human Rights Courts in Duplicative Legal Proceedings
Authors: Galand Alexandre Skander
Published: April 2023

There is no formal hierarchy between, or international rule of precedent applicable to, the three regional human rights systems and the eight UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies with active competence to entertain individual complaints. By scrutinising the practice of duplicative proceedings of UN Treaty Bodies (UNTBs), this article makes the argument that the res judicata and lis pendens principles have not prevented the UNTBs from reviewing cases previously examined by a regional human rights court. In doing so, the case is made that while the UNTBs usually defer to regional courts’ factual and legal findings when analyzing cases with the same parties, substantive rights, facts and events, judgments that apply the margin of appreciation doctrine are much more at risk of being revised and contradicted by UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Distinct opportunities for horizontal dialogue between UNTBs and regional human rights courts are thus opened.
Dictionary Skills in Teaching English and German as a Foreign Language in Hungary: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Márkus Katalin P , Fajt Balázs , Dringó-Horváth Ida
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the dictionary use of graduates in English and German as well as their attitudes towards teaching and learning dictionary skills in the classroom. The first section of the paper offers a historical overview of research on dictionary use and dictionary didactics in Hungary. This is followed by the detailed description of the quantitative research, which aims to investigate the participants’ (n=197) self-reported preferences and attitudes regarding dictionary use, their dictionary consultation behaviour, and the role of dictionaries as an aid to language learning and teaching. The research results partly confirm the trends revealed in previous international studies (e.g. increased use of online tools, reluctance to pay for dictionaries, low prestige of teaching dictionary use); they also show that there is a need for dictionary use skills to be taught from an early age and for placing a special emphasis on features and search strategies in the case of digital dictionaries. Based on these findings, the authors plan to design a core ‘dictionary skills’ module (with teaching aids and handbooks), which could be incorporated into a variety of courses in tertiary education.
Ambivalences of Modernity in Contemporary Turkish Sufism: Cemalnur Sargut’s Affective Qur’an Community
Authors: Thaver Tehseen
Published: April 2023

This article engages the thought, career, and public activities of the prominent contemporary female Sufi master in Turkey, Cemalnur Sargut of the Rifaʿi order, to explore the negotiation and transformation of Sufi authority in the Turkish public sphere, permeated by the shadows of modern secular power. By examining the multiple platforms through which Cemalnur disseminates her teachings and the hermeneutic that guides her engagement with the Turkish Sufi tradition, this article offers ethnographic and theoretical insights into the encounter between the tradition of Sufism, female religious authority, and the reach and limits of modern secularity. I argue that through creative strategies of engaging the institutional and technological possibilities of the post-secular present (both in Turkey and globally), Cemalnur and her community have enabled an altogether distinct understanding of the modern—one that is not readily available for liberal secular conceptualization.
Evaluation of HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance profiles in the peripheral blood reservoir of successfully treated persons using massive sequencing and viral full genome characterization
Authors: Botelho Ornella M , Basso Rossana P , Da Mota Luisa D , Da Hora Vanusa P , Garrido Marianne M , Machado Elizabeth S , Alves Brunna M , Soares Marcelo A
Published: April 2023

Background

Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV treatment, increasing quality and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the expansion of treatment has resulted in an increase in antiretroviral-resistant viruses, which can be an obstacle to maintenance of successful ART.

Objectives

This study analysed the genetic composition of the HIV near full-length genome (NFLG) from archived proviruses of PLWH under successful ART, and determined the presence/frequency of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and viral subtype.

Patients and methods

Forty-six PLWH from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and 40 from Rio Grande (RS) had proviral HIV NFLG PCR-amplified and ultradeep sequenced. The presence/frequency of DRMs were analysed in Geneious. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using PhyML and SimPlot.

Results

All samples included in the study were sequenced and 69 (80.2%) had the HIV NFLG determined. RJ and RS showed a predominance of HIV subtypes B (78.3%) and C (67.5%), respectively. Overall, 168 DRMs were found in 63 (73.3%) samples, and 105 (62.5%) of them were minority variants. Among DRMs, 41 (39.0%) minority variants and 33 (52.4%) variants with frequency above 20.0% in the viral population were able to confer some degree of resistance to at least one drug in use by respective patients, yet no one showed signs of therapeutic failure.

Conclusions

Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of DRMs on successful therapy and supports the sustainability of combinatorial ART, because all patients maintained their successful treatment despite the high prevalence of DRMs at low (62.5%) or high (37.5%) frequency.