bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Patterns of Genome Size Variation in Angiosperms
Authors: Luo Liaofu , Zhang Lirong
Published: April 2020

Aims:

The discontinuous pattern of genome size variation in angiosperms is an unsolved
problem related to genome evolution. In this study, we introduced a genome evolution operator
and solved the related eigenvalue equation to deduce the discontinuous pattern.

Background:

Genome is a well-defined system for studying the evolution of species. One of the
basic problems is the genome size evolution. The DNA amounts for angiosperm species are highly
variable, differing over 1000-fold. One big surprise is the discovery of the discontinuous
distribution of nuclear DNA amounts in many angiosperm genera.

Objective:

The discontinuous distribution of nuclear DNA amounts has certain regularity, much
like a group of quantum states in atomic physics. The quantum pattern has not been explained by
all the evolutionary theories so far and we shall interpret it through the quantum simulation of
genome evolution.

Methods:

We introduced a genome evolution operator H to deduce the distribution of DNA
amount. The nuclear DNA amount in angiosperms is studied from the eigenvalue equation of the
genome evolution operator H. The operator H is introduced by physical simulation and it is
defined as a function of the genome size N and the derivative with respect to the size.

Results:

The discontinuity of DNA size distribution and its synergetic occurrence in related
angiosperms species are successfully deduced from the solution of the equation. The results agree
well with the existing experimental data of Aloe, Clarkia, Nicotiana, Lathyrus, Allium and other
genera.

Conclusion:

The success of our approach may infer the existence of a set of genomic evolutionary
equations satisfying classical-quantum duality. The classical phase of evolution means it obeys the
classical deterministic law, while the quantum phase means it obeys the quantum stochastic law.
The discontinuity of DNA size distribution provides novel evidences on the quantum evolution of
angiosperms. It has been realized that the discontinuous pattern is due to the existence of some
unknown evolutionary constraints. However, our study indicates that these constraints on the
angiosperm genome essentially originate from quantum.
Examining HIV and STIs Related Knowledge Among Male Adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubaie Ali Saad R.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) is a major global cause of acute illness, long-term disability and death, with serious medical and psychological consequences. Knowledge and awareness about the transmission of sexual disease play an important role in the prevention of the disease. Very little is known about HIV and STI in adolescents and associated factors in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-rated STI knowledge and HIV and STI knowledge test scores, as well as to investigate the association between adolescents’ HIV and STI knowledge and their demographic background and sexually related behaviors.

Methods:

A multi-stage cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, recruiting 453 male adolescents (15 and 20 years) from private and public male high schools in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia.

Results:

More than half (53.4%) of the adolescents reported their STI knowledge as excellent or good (42%). However, based on the total score scale of HIV and STI knowledge, 64.3% had a poor level of knowledge. The sexual information sources commonly cited were friends (70%) and internet (40.0%); and the least cited sources were fathers (16%) and mothers (15%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents’ father and mother education (>12 years) were positively associated with adolescent’s HIV and STI knowledge level (OR= 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4, p= 0.040) and (OR= 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8, p= 0.010). No significant association was found between adolescents’ HIV and STI knowledge and their sexual behaviors and attitudes.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that a high proportion of male adolescents have poor HIV and STI related knowledge. Poor knowledge and reliance on potentially unreliable informational sources coupled with an over-estimate perception of STI expertise suggests that improvements in STI and HIV education should be addressed. Additional research is needed to help identify factors (beyond knowledge) associated with sexual behavior and attitudes that may increase the risk for STIs and HIV among adolescents.
Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite-based Nanoparticles for Biomedicine: Recent Progress in Drug Delivery and Local Controlled Release
Authors: Rasouli Mohammad , Darghiasi Seyedeh F. , Naghib Seyed M. , Rahmanian Mehdi
Published: April 2020

As calcium phosphate micro/nano-structures (CPMNS) have been suggested, many protocols
have been exploited to design new formulations. CPMNS are similar to a bone mineral from the
point of view of structure and chemical composition. Some of them, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp),
have been commercialized, and they demonstrated sufficient efficiency as hard tissue replacements
for various purposes. Due to their biocompatibility, bioaccumulation, bioactivity, osteogenic activity,
and anticancer properties, as well as great resemblance to body organs such as bones, these substances
are suitable options for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, recent advances
of HAp applications in drug delivery for various diseases, such as cancer, bone disease, and tooth inflammation,
are reviewed. Moreover, their implementation for several kinds of drugs, including anticancer,
anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, growth factors and analgesics, is investigated.
LEAVES (optimizing the mentaL health and resiliencE of older Adults that haVe lost thEir spouSe via blended, online therapy): Proposal for an Online Service Development and Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: van Velsen Lex , Cabrita Miriam , op den Akker Harm , Brandl Lena , Isaac Joana , Suárez María , Gouveia Afonso , Evans Nathaniel , Dinis de Sousa Rute , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Canhão Helena ,   DELA Natura- En Levensverzekeringen NV, Blok Marije , Alcobia Carlos , Brodbeck Jeannette
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Loss of a spouse is a frequent occurrence in later life. While most older adults successfully process this loss and will return to a normal life, about 10% of the individuals are unable to cope, and progress to prolonged grief (PG). PG, in turn, can result in mental and physical problems including poor sleep, cardiovascular problems, depression, and suicidal tendencies.

OBJECTIVE

LEAVES (optimizing the mentaL health and resiliencE of older Adults that haVe lost thEir spouSe via blended, online therapy) is an online bereavement program that will support the prevention and treatment of PG, so that elderly mourners can continue to lead an active, meaningful, and dignified life. LEAVES will cater to secondary end users (eg, family, informal caregivers) by reducing stress.

METHODS

LEAVES will help older adults to process the loss of a spouse in an online environment, which consists of (1) an existing online grief self-help program LIVIA, (2) the Before You Leave program that allows for storing personal memories, (3) a virtual agent platform, and (4) an accessible front-end design. LEAVES can detect persons at risk for complications, reveal negative trends in their emotional life, and act to counter such trends. The service relies on online support whenever possible but is blended with telephone or face-to-face counseling when necessary.

RESULTS

The project will take place between February 2020 and January 2023 and includes a real-life evaluation in which 315 end users will use the service across 3 countries (the Netherlands, Portugal, and Switzerland). The evaluation of LEAVES will focus on clinical effect, its business case, and technology acceptance. The results will pave the way for smooth integration into existing care paths and reimbursement schemes.

CONCLUSIONS

The LEAVES service aims to soften the mourning process, prevents depression or social isolation, strengthens widow(er)s resilience and well-being, and quickens one’s return to societal participation.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19344
Online Consultation in Nephrological Care - An Online-Survey Among Nephrologists (Preprint)
Authors: Mülling Nils , Jahn Michael , Miron-Shatz Talya , Kribben Andreas , Budde Klemens , Meister Sven , Becker Stefan
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

In the midst of COVID-19, where health systems are severely overloaded, and arriving at hospitals and clinics poses risks for chronic condition patients, the need for telemedicine rises. This study examines readiness and potential barriers for telemedicine adoption among a specific sector of physicians.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing medical and economic problem worldwide. Digital strategies provide opportunities for more effective and efficient CKD management, especially when clinic-treated dialysis patients require treatment at the hospital, and when general practitioners consult nephrologists.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify both the current status and the needs, expectations and concerns of nephrologists in the context of digitization, which is a necessary step toward adoption of telemedicine, even partially.

METHODS

N=128 members of a professional nephrologists’ association participated in an online survey, conducted through “Lime Survey”. Members were contacted by the association via email. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

RESULTS

Nephrology consultation between departments and organizations, occurs mostly by phone. Online consultation, and patient-management software would facilitate coordination reducing data-procurement efforts. However, nephrologists expressed concerns, e.g. that they would issue improper recommendations if they did not examine the patient in person, at the clinic. On a more procedural note, the survey showed that almost all nephrologists (more than 90%) are currently unable to discern clear remuneration regulations. Nephrologists need more health policy support and framework conditions for the technical implementation of digitization.
Currently, the nephrologists are mainly typing input manually to enter information into the practice management system – they are not using more advanced, time-saving means, such as voice-to-text data transfer. The vast majority of respondents use Internet-related information sources several times a day, mostly to search for diagnostic and therapeutic standards.

CONCLUSIONS

Nephrologists are ambivalent about digitization. They perceive improved coordination between different departments as an opportunity but have doubts about the feasibility of integration into everyday practice. To allow for broader adoption of digitization practices, training, resources, and systems’ support are required. This can save patients’ and doctors’ time, reduce medical errors, and improve care.
Public Interest in Acne on the Internet: Comparison of Search Information From Google Trends and Naver (Preprint)
Authors: Park Tae Heum , Kim Woo Il , Park Suyeon , Ahn Jaeouk , Cho Moon Kyun , Kim Sooyoung
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease primarily affecting young adults. Given that the internet has become a major source of health information, especially among the young, the internet is a powerful tool of communication and has a significant influence on patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to clarify the features of patients’ interest in and evaluate the quality of information about acne vulgaris on the internet.

METHODS

We compared the search volumes on acne vulgaris with those of other dermatological diseases using Google Trends from January 2004 to August 2019. We also determined the search volumes for relevant keywords of acne vulgaris on Google and Naver and evaluated the quality of answers to the queries in KnowledgeiN.

RESULTS

The regression analysis of Google Trends data demonstrated that the patients’ interest in acne vulgaris was higher than that for other dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (β=−20.33, 95% CI –22.27 to –18.39, P<.001) and urticaria (β=−27.09, 95% CI –29.03 to –25.15, P<.001) and has increased yearly (β=2.38, 95% CI 2.05 to 2.71, P<.001). The search volume for acne vulgaris was significantly higher in the summer than in the spring (β=–5.04, 95% CI –9.21 to –0.88, P=.018) and on weekends than on weekdays (β=–6.68, 95% CI –13.18 to –0.18, P=.044). The most frequently searched relevant keywords with “acne vulgaris” and “cause” were “stress,” “food,” and “cosmetics.” Among food, the 2 highest acne vulgaris–related keywords were milk and wheat in Naver and coffee and ramen in Google. The queries in Naver KnowledgeiN were mostly answered by a Korean traditional medicine doctor (53.4%) or the public (33.6%), but only 12.0% by dermatologists.

CONCLUSIONS

Physicians should be aware of patients’ interest in and beliefs about acne vulgaris to provide the best patient education and care, both online and in the clinic.
Early Stage Machine Learning–Based Prediction of US County Vulnerability to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Mehta Mihir , Julaiti Juxihong , Griffin Paul , Kumara Soundar
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The rapid spread of COVID-19 means that government and health services providers have little time to plan and design effective response policies. It is therefore important to quickly provide accurate predictions of how vulnerable geographic regions such as counties are to the spread of this virus.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop county-level prediction around near future disease movement for COVID-19 occurrences using publicly available data.

METHODS

We estimated county-level COVID-19 occurrences for the period March 14 to 31, 2020, based on data fused from multiple publicly available sources inclusive of health statistics, demographics, and geographical features. We developed a three-stage model using XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, to quantify the probability of COVID-19 occurrence and estimate the number of potential occurrences for unaffected counties. Finally, these results were combined to predict the county-level risk. This risk was then used as an estimated after-five-day-vulnerability of the county.

RESULTS

The model predictions showed a sensitivity over 71% and specificity over 94% for models built using data from March 14 to 31, 2020. We found that population, population density, percentage of people aged >70 years, and prevalence of comorbidities play an important role in predicting COVID-19 occurrences. We observed a positive association at the county level between urbanicity and vulnerability to COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

The developed model can be used for identification of vulnerable counties and potential data discrepancies. Limited testing facilities and delayed results introduce significant variation in reported cases, which produces a bias in the model.
COVID-19 and the 5G Conspiracy Theory: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Data (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Downing Joseph , López Seguí Francesc
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the beginning of December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world, which has led to increased discussions across online platforms. These conversations have also included various conspiracies shared by social media users. Amongst them, a popular theory has linked 5G to the spread of COVID-19, leading to misinformation and the burning of 5G towers in the United Kingdom. The understanding of the drivers of fake news and quick policies oriented to isolate and rebate misinformation are keys to combating it.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the drivers of the 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theory and strategies to deal with such misinformation.

METHODS

This paper performs a social network analysis and content analysis of Twitter data from a 7-day period (Friday, March 27, 2020, to Saturday, April 4, 2020) in which the #5GCoronavirus hashtag was trending on Twitter in the United Kingdom. Influential users were analyzed through social network graph clusters. The size of the nodes were ranked by their betweenness centrality score, and the graph’s vertices were grouped by cluster using the Clauset-Newman-Moore algorithm. The topics and web sources used were also examined.

RESULTS

Social network analysis identified that the two largest network structures consisted of an isolates group and a broadcast group. The analysis also revealed that there was a lack of an authority figure who was actively combating such misinformation. Content analysis revealed that, of 233 sample tweets, 34.8% (n=81) contained views that 5G and COVID-19 were linked, 32.2% (n=75) denounced the conspiracy theory, and 33.0% (n=77) were general tweets not expressing any personal views or opinions. Thus, 65.2% (n=152) of tweets derived from nonconspiracy theory supporters, which suggests that, although the topic attracted high volume, only a handful of users genuinely believed the conspiracy.

This paper also shows that fake news websites were the most popular web source shared by users; although, YouTube videos were also shared. The study also identified an account whose sole aim was to spread the conspiracy theory on Twitter.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of quick and targeted interventions oriented to delegitimize the sources of fake information is key to reducing their impact. Those users voicing their views against the conspiracy theory, link baiting, or sharing humorous tweets inadvertently raised the profile of the topic, suggesting that policymakers should insist in the efforts of isolating opinions that are based on fake news. Many social media platforms provide users with the ability to report inappropriate content, which should be used. This study is the first to analyze the 5G conspiracy theory in the context of COVID-19 on Twitter offering practical guidance to health authorities in how, in the context of a pandemic, rumors may be combated in the future.
Inisiatif Pengembangan BUMDesa sebagai Wirausaha Sosial
Authors: Fauzanafi M. Zamzam , Hudayana Bambang
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the mandates of Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa is the establishment of BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprises) as village businesses that are used for village income sources. The process of establishing the BUMDes was colored by efforts of various stakeholders to place this business entity as an important element in economic development and to have social benefits. BUMDes is expected to have a vision and mission as a social entrepreneur so that it can empower small and micro scale businesses (UKM) and marginalized communities. During 2015 until now, villages have moved to have BUMDes, but in general villages have not succeeded in forming and managing BUMDes as social entrepreneurs. The Community service activity encourage BUMDes to have a role as social entrepreneurs so that the existence of BUMDes is very relevant to improve the welfare and empowerment of small and marginal communities. The activities that have been carried out are a training and field visits which are participated by BUMDesa managers in several villages in D.I. Yogyakarta. The results of community service activities are: change in orientation and role of BUMDesa from village business for village government to village business for village people, BUMDesa synergizing with village institutions as an effort to improve community welfare especially in local economic development, and BUMDesa development with social entrepreneurship vision.----------AbstrakSalah satu mandat Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa adalah pembentukan lembaga BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) sebagai usaha desa yang dipakai untuk sumber pendapatan desa. Proses pembentukan BUMDes diwarnai oleh upaya dari berbagai stakeholder untuk menempatkan badan usaha ini sebagai elemen penting dalam pengembangan ekonomi dan memiliki manfaat sosial. BUMDes diharapkan memiliki visi dan misi sebagai wirausaha sosial sehingga bisa memberdayakan usaha skala kecil dan mikro (UKM) dan masyarakat yang terpinggirkan. Selama tahun 2015 sampai sekarang, desa-desa bergerak untuk memiliki BUMDes, tetapi umumnya desa tidak berhasil membentuk dan mengelola BUMDes sebagai wirausaha sosial. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mendorong BUMDes memiliki peran sebagai wirausaha sosial sehingga keberadaan BUMDes sangat relevan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan keberdayaan masyarakat kecil dan marjinal. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan adalah menyelenggarakan pelatihan dan kunjungan lapangan yang diikuti oleh pengelola BUMDesa di beberapa desa di D.I.Yogyakarta. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah: perubahan orientasi dan peran BUMDesa dari usaha desa untuk pemerintah desa menjadi usaha desa untuk rakyat desa, sinergisasi BUMDesa dengan lembaga desa sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejateraan masyarakat khususnya dalam pengembangan ekonomi lokal, dan pengembangan BUMDesa yang bervisi wirausaha sosial.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Using Membrane Plasma Separation
Authors: Ahmed Sadiq , Kaplan Andre
Published: April 2020

Therapeutic plasma exchange is a blood purification technique designed for the removal of large molecular weight toxins such as pathogenic antibodies and lipoproteins. Plasma exchange can be performed either by membrane separation or centrifugation. Centrifugal plasma exchange is more common in the United States, while membrane separation is more popular in Germany and Japan. The membrane separation technique is similar to the ultrafiltration procedures performed with a standard dialysis machine but in which the membrane’s pores are large enough to allow removal of all circulating molecules while retaining the cellular components. The current availability of plasma separation membranes compatible with CRRT systems has dramatically increased the potential for almost all nephrologists to perform these treatments. This review describes the membrane separation techniques available in the United States, the practical aspects of ordering and operating a membrane separation plasma exchange procedure, and its possible complications.
ЧЕГО НЕ УВИДЕЛА В ФЕВРАЛЕ БАРСЕЛОНА
Authors: Попов С.А.
Published: April 2020

Долгие годы конгресс и выставка MWC Barcelona были событием, к которому большая часть ведущих игроков мира мобильной (и не только мобильной) связи приурочивали наиболее громкие в году анонсы оборудования и решений. В последнее время именно там можно было наиболее полно познакомиться с последними новинками сферы сетей 5G. В статье сделана попытка рассказать о готовившихся к выставке продуктах, объявления о которых были запланированы в канун и в намеченные дни работы MWC Barcelona 2020.
WORKSPACE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARALLEL ROBOTS BASED ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: Aboulissane Badreddine , El Bakkali Larbi , El Bahaoui Jalal
Published: April 2020

This paper provides workspace determination and analysis based on the graphical technique of both spatial and planar parallel manipulators. The computation and analysis of workspaces will be carried out using the parameterization and three-dimensional representation of the workspace. This technique is implemented in CAD (Computer Aided Design) Software CATIA workbenches. In order to determine the workspace of the proposed manipulators, the reachable region by each kinematic chain is created as a volume/area; afterwards, the full reachable workspace is obtained by the application of a Boolean intersection function on the previously generated volumes/areas. Finally, the relations between the total workspace and the design parameters are simulated, and the Product Engineering Optimizer workbench is used to optimize the design variables in order to obtain a maximized workspace volume. Simulated annealing (SA) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) are considered in this study as optimization tools.
EXPLORING STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE FRANCIS HYDRO-TURBINE BLADES USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Mastrogiannakis Iakovos , Vosniakos George-Christopher
Published: April 2020

Composite materials are increasingly exploited in industry especially replacing metallic structures due to their strength/weight ratio. Amongst the notable applications, for which composite materials have not challenged metals yet are hydro-turbines, which are overwhelmingly made of steel or copper alloys. Replacing blade material by laminate composites can reduce weight and inertia, as well as achieve smaller cross-sectional thicknesses, better fatigue strength, damping, and resistance to cavitation. Manufacturing techniques are mature enough to respond to the challenge, provided that the laminate composite blades are properly designed. In the current work, the design of the Francis carbon blades was studied by employing finite element analysis. The blades were designed sub-optimally with various stratification patterns and different failure and maximum displacement limitations following a systematic methodology for gradual addition of laminate layers or patches. The methodology is still of a trial and error nature driven by the designer but guesses in the individual steps are much more informed due to model analysis and optimization tools available.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS IN TURNING OF EN AW-2011 ALLOY; DRY MACHINING AND ALTERNATIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Jozić Sonja , Dumanić Ivana , Bajić Dražen
Published: April 2020

The latest trends in machining research show that great efforts are being made to understand the impact of different cooling and lubrication techniques as well as cutting parameters on machining performances. This paper presents the investigation results of different cutting parameters and different cutting environments such as dry machining, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and minimum quantity lubrication with compressed cold air (MQL+CCA) on average surface roughness, cutting force and material removal rate. The experiments were designed based on three input parameters and three different cutting environments when turning of EN AW-2011 alloy. Taguchi-based grey relational analysis was used to identify the optimal process parameters by which minimum values of surface roughness, minimum value of cutting force and maximum value of material removal rate will be achieved. The results showed that minimum quantity lubrication in the stream of compressed cold air, in comparison to dry and minimum quantity lubrication machining, gives the best machining performances. Therefore, the use of MQL + CCA method, which reduces the amount of lubricant may represent in the described extent of turning operations an alternative to turning processes most often carried out by wet method that causes considerable costs for purchasing, maintaining and using cutting fluids.
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A GRINDING PROCESS USING THE ROUGH SETS THEORY
Authors: Agarwal Subham , Dandge Shruti Sudhakar , Chakraborty Shankar
Published: April 2020

With continuous automation of the manufacturing industries and the development of advanced data acquisition systems, a huge volume of manufacturing-related data is now available which can be effectively mined to extract valuable knowledge and unfold the hidden patterns. In this paper, a data mining tool, in the form of the rough sets theory, is applied to a grinding process to investigate the effects of its various input parameters on the responses. Rotational speed of the grinding wheel, depth of cut and type of the cutting fluid are grinding parameters, and average surface roughness, amplitude of vibration and grinding ratio are the responses. The best parametric settings of the grinding parameters are also derived to control the quality characteristics of the ground components. The developed decision rules are quite easy to understand and can truly predict the response values at varying combinations of the considered grinding parameters.
THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL REVERSIBLE TWO-SPEED PLANETARY GEAR TRAINS FOR MACHINE TOOL GEARBOXES
Authors: Troha Sanjin , Vrcan Željko , Karaivanov Dimitar , Isametova Madina
Published: April 2020

The application of multi-criteria optimization to two-carrier two-speed planetary gear trains is outlined in this paper. In order to determine the mathematical model of multi-criteria optimization variables, the objective functions and conditions must be determined first. Two-carrier two-speed planetary gear trains with brakes on coupled shafts are analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model covers the determination of the set of the Pareto optimal solutions as well as the method for selecting an optimal solution from this set. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the procedure in which the optimal two-speed planetary gear train is selected and defined by design parameters.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE: X-BAR THEORY
Authors: Fitriyani Dian Zelina , Fitriyani Dian Zelina
Published: April 2020

This study discusses the grammatical function of the question words and the internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. The data is gained from the interview of Minangkabau language native speaker and analysed by using the distributional method. The result of the analysis shows that the question words for wh-question has two grammatical functions, specifier and complement. For yes-no question, the question word “iyonyo” has one grammatical function, that is complement. The internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language is constructed by specifier, complement, and adverb.

Key words: interrogative sentence, question word, Minangkabau language
Kolmogorov extension theorem for (quantum) causal modelling and general probabilistic theories
Authors: Milz Simon , Sakuldee Fattah , Pollock Felix A. , Modi Kavan
Published: April 2020

In classical physics, the Kolmogorov extension theorem lays the foundation for the theory of stochastic processes. It has been known for a long time that, in its original form, this theorem does not hold in quantum mechanics. More generally, it does not hold in any theory of stochastic processes -- classical, quantum or beyond -- that does not just describe passive observations, but allows for active interventions. Such processes form the basis of the study of causal modelling across the sciences, including in the quantum domain. To date, these frameworks have lacked a conceptual underpinning similar to that provided by Kolmogorov’s theorem for classical stochastic processes. We prove a generalized extension theorem that applies to all theories of stochastic processes, putting them on equally firm mathematical ground as their classical counterpart. Additionally, we show that quantum causal modelling and quantum stochastic processes are equivalent. This provides the correct framework for the description of experiments involving continuous control, which play a crucial role in the development of quantum technologies. Furthermore, we show that the original extension theorem follows from the generalized one in the correct limit, and elucidate how a comprehensive understanding of general stochastic processes allows one to unambiguously define the distinction between those that are classical and those that are quantum.
The Plant Propagation Algorithm for the Optimal Operation of Directional Over-Current Relays in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Sulaman Muhammad , Hamdi Abdelwahed , Hussain Zubair
Published: April 2020

In modern and large scale power distribution topologies, directional relays play an important role in the operation of an electrical system. These relays must be coordinated optimally so that their overall operating time is reduced to a minimum. They are sensor protection devices for the power systems and must be coordinated properly. The present work uses a metaheuristic optimization technique known as the Plant Propagation Algorithm (PPA) in order to suggest improved solutions for the optimization problem of coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). We have obtained comparatively better solutions for the overall operating times taken by relays fitted on important positions in the system. Our findings are useful in isolating the faulty lines efficiently and in keeping the continuity of power supply. The difference in response times taken in coordination between primary relays and corresponding backup relays is minimized. The output of our experiments is compared with various algorithms and classical optimization techniques, which are found in the literature. Moreover, graphical analyses are presented for each problem to further clarify the results.
MANF Promotes Diabetic Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing and Nerve Regeneration by Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Li Weina , Zhou Qingjun , Li Jing , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Jing , Li Dewei , Qi Xia , Liu Ting , Zhao Xiaowen , Li Suxia , Yang Lingling , Xie Lixin
Published: April 2020

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a neurotrophic factor widely expressed in mammalian tissues, and it exerts critical protective effects on neurons and other cell types in various disease models, such as those for diabetes. However, to date, the expression and roles of MANF in the cornea, with or without diabetic keratopathy (DK), remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MANF is abundantly expressed in normal corneal epithelial cells; however, MANF expression was significantly reduced in both unwounded and wounded corneal epithelium in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Recombinant human MANF significantly promoted normal and diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. Furthermore, MANF inhibited hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress–mediated apoptosis. Attenuation of ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) also ameliorated corneal epithelial closure and nerve regeneration. However, the beneficial effects of MANF and 4-PBA were abolished by an Akt inhibitor and Akt-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, we reveal that the subconjunctival injection of MANF-specific siRNA prevents corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. Our results provide important evidence that hyperglycemia-suppressed MANF expression may contribute to delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and impaired nerve regeneration by increasing ER stress, and MANF may be a useful therapeutic modality for treating DK.
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Is a Key Lipase for the Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Human β-Cells and Critical for the Maintenance of Syntaxin 1a Levels in β-Cells
Authors: Liu Siming , Promes Joseph A. , Harata Mikako , Mishra Akansha , Stephens Samuel B. , Taylor Eric B. , Burand Anthony J. , Sivitz William I. , Fink Brian D. , Ankrum James A. , Imai Yumi
Published: April 2020

Lipid droplets (LDs) are frequently increased when excessive lipid accumulation leads to cellular dysfunction. Distinct from mouse β-cells, LDs are prominent in human β-cells. However, the regulation of LD mobilization (lipolysis) in human β-cells remains unclear. We found that glucose increases lipolysis in nondiabetic human islets but not in islets in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), indicating dysregulation of lipolysis in T2D islets. Silencing adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in human pseudoislets with shRNA targeting ATGL (shATGL) increased triglycerides (TGs) and the number and size of LDs, indicating that ATGL is the principal lipase in human β-cells. In shATGL pseudoislets, biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and insulin secretion to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and KCl were all reduced without altering oxygen consumption rate compared with scramble control. Like human islets, INS1 cells showed visible LDs, glucose-responsive lipolysis, and impairment of GSIS after ATGL silencing. ATGL-deficient INS1 cells and human pseudoislets showed reduced SNARE protein syntaxin 1a (STX1A), a key SNARE component. Proteasomal degradation of Stx1a was accelerated likely through reduced palmitoylation in ATGL-deficient INS1 cells. Therefore, ATGL is responsible for LD mobilization in human β-cells and supports insulin secretion by stabilizing STX1A. The dysregulated lipolysis may contribute to LD accumulation and β-cell dysfunction in T2D islets.
Repurposing Doxepin to Ameliorate Steatosis and Hyperglycemia by Activating FAM3A Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , Liu Xiangyang , Luo Yanjin , Wang Junpei , Meng Yuhong , Sun Lei , Chang Yongsheng , Cui Qinghua , Yang Jichun
Published: April 2020

Mitochondrial protein FAM3A suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. This study aimed to screen drug(s) that activates FAM3A expression and evaluate its effect(s) on hyperglycemia and steatosis. Drug-repurposing methodology predicted that antidepressive drug doxepin was among the drugs that potentially activated FAM3A expression. Doxepin was further validated to stimulate the translocation of transcription factor HNF4α from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where it promoted FAM3A transcription to enhance ATP synthesis, suppress gluconeogenesis, and reduce lipid deposition in hepatocytes. HNF4α antagonism or FAM3A deficiency blunted doxepin-induced suppression on gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Doxepin administration attenuated hyperglycemia, steatosis, and obesity in obese diabetic mice with upregulated FAM3A expression in liver and brown adipose tissues (BAT). Notably, doxepin failed to correct dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism in FAM3A-deficient mice fed on high-fat diet. Doxepin’s effects on ATP production, Akt activation, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis repression were also blunted in FAM3A-deficient mouse livers. In conclusion, FAM3A is a therapeutic target for diabetes and steatosis. Antidepressive drug doxepin activates FAM3A signaling pathways in liver and BAT to improve hyperglycemia and steatosis of obese diabetic mice. Doxepin might be preferentially recommended as an antidepressive drug in potential treatment of patients with diabetes complicated with depression.
Intervenções Assistidas por Animais na expressão psíquica de Deficientes Intelectuais Adultos (IAA e Deficiência intelectual)
Authors: Uliana Raisa Schenkman , Cunha Maria Claudia
Published: April 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Esta pesquisa problematiza a interação entre sujeitos adultos com Deficiência Intelectual e cães, sob a perspectiva das Intervenções Assistidas por Animais (IAA). OBJETIVO: Descrever os efeitos da IAA na expressão verbal e não verbal de conteúdos psíquicos em sujeitos adultos com deficiência intelectual. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Participaram 04 sujeitos do sexo feminino, idades entre 39 a 63 anos, com deficiência intelectual. Cão co-terapeuta: Amin, da raça Golden Retriever, 7 anos, selecionado de acordo com critérios de protocolos internacionais, conduzido pela pesquisadora. Foram realizadas 07 sessões de IAA, em grupo, com duração de 35 minutos cada, no decorrer de 03 meses. Foram aplicados os testes HTP e Wartegg realizados pré e pós sessões de IAA, cujos resultados foram analisados comparativamente intra sujeito. RESULTADOS: Na população estudada verificou-se em todos os sujeitos a expansão da personalidade e a redução da ansiedade pós IAA, além do aumento de verbalização e o cão como forte instrumento motivador. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam a ocorrência de modificações psíquicas, verbais e não verbais, em diferentes graus, nos sujeitos com DI estudados.
ГИГАНТСКАЯ АНЕВРИЗМА ПОЧЕЧНОЙ АРТЕРИИ: ОПИСАНИЕ УСПЕШНОГО ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВА И ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ СПРАВКА
Authors: Arakelian V.S. , Gidaspov N.A. , Kulichkov P.P. , CHshieva I.V.
Published: April 2020

Фибромышечная дисплазия неатеросклеротическое, невоспалительное заболевание артерий, поража- ющее в том числе и почечные артерии. В статье описан случай успешного хирургического лечения па- циентки 20 лет, у которой была диагностирована аневризма ветви правой почечной артерии. По данным компьютерной томографической ангиографии имела место аневризма нижнеполюсной ветви правой почечной артерии гигантских размеров (5052 мм). Пациентке выполнена операция резекция анев- ризмы с пластикой ветви почечной артерии анастомозом конец в конец. Фибромышечная дисплазия яв- ляется наиболее частой причиной стенозов почечных артерий у детей старше 1 года и в редких случаях может быть связана с развитием аневризмы. Комбинированные поражения встречаются редко, в случае их наличия возрастает риск разрыва аневризмы или развития почечной дисфункции.
РОЛЬ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ КАТЕТЕРНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИИ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ В УЛУЧШЕНИИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ИСХОДОВ
Authors: Kozlov A.V. , Durmanov S.S.
Published: April 2020

Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) является наиболее часто встречающейся аритмией в клинической прак- тике. В статье рассмотрены различные стратегии радиочастотной аблации (РЧА) при ФП: сегментарная остиальная аблация устьев легочных вен, антральная изоляция, линейные воздействия в левом предсер- дии, аблация комплексных фракционированных предсердных электрограмм (CFAEs), аблация ганглио- нарных сплетений, пошаговый метод аблации, аблация роторов и фокальных импульсов. В настоящее время антральная изоляция легочных вен (ЛВ) считается более выигрышной стратегией аблации ФП, так как позволяет воздействовать на большее число механизмов, вызывающих и поддерживающих арит- мию. Эффективность всех остальных методов остается под вопросом. Имеются противоречивые данные литературы, и в настоящее время роль дополнительных аблаций в улучшении клинических исходов ос- тается спорной и требует дальнейших исследований. Восстановление проведения в изолированных ле- гочных венах является практически универсальной находкой у пациентов, подвергшихся повторной РЧА ФП, хотя связь электрической реконнекции с возвратом аритмии остается не совсем ясной. Рас- смотрены несколько методов, направленных на увеличение вероятности создания перманентной изоля- ции устьев ЛВ: увеличение времени ожидания после острой изоляции устьев ЛВ и повторная аблация возникающих прорывов проведения возбуждения, высокоамплитудная стимуляция с картирующего катетера вдоль созданной линии повреждения и реаблация мест с сохраненной возбудимостью, введе- ние аденозина для выявления скрытого проведения, использование аблационных катетеров с техноло- гией контроля силы контакта с тканью для создания более стойкого повреждения миокарда. Изоляция устьев ЛВ является единственным методом с доказанной эффективностью при интервенционном лече- нии ФП. На данный момент не существует методики, обеспечивающей 100 перманентную изоляцию легочных вен после единственной процедуры.
ПОЭТАПНОЕ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЬНОГО С КРИТИЧЕСКИМ АОРТАЛЬНЫМ СТЕНОЗОМ, СОЧЕТАННЫМ ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ КАРОТИДНЫХ И КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ: КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ СПРАВКА
Authors: Skopin I.I. , Suerkulov B.A. , Asatrian T.V. , Murysova D.V.
Published: April 2020

Сочетанное поражение каротидных, коронарных артерий и клапанов сердца значительно увеличивает риск развития тяжелых осложнений при хирургическом лечении. Тактика лечения предполагает применение одномоментных или этапных хирургических вмешательств. Представлен случай успешного поэтапного хирургического лечения больного с симптомным критическим поражением каротидного и вертебробазилярного бассейнов, ишемической болезнью сердца и кальцинированным критическим стенозом аортального клапана. Первым этапом выполнена каротидная эндартерэктомия, а затем одномоментное протезирование аортального клапана и аортокоронарное шунтирование в условиях искусственного кровообращения.
Оптимизация переноса одного эмбриона у пациенток с хорошим овариальным резервом
Authors: Сараева Н. В. , Спиридонова Н. В. , Тугушев М. Т. , Шурыгина О. В. , Синицына А. И. , Корчагин А. О.
Published: April 2020

Совершенствование вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий привело к росту числа случаев многоплодной беременности. Один из инструментов выбора качественного эмбриона на перенос — использование time-lapse микроскопии (TLM). Целью работы было оценить исходы переноса одного эмбриона на пятые сутки культивирования у пациенток с хорошим овариальным резервом в программе ЭКО с использованием TLM. Исследовали 208 женщин с бесплодием, с хорошим овариальным резервом (при пункции фолликулов получено более восьми ооцитов): у 95 пациенток провели перенос одного эмбриона с использованием системы TLM (группа исследования); у 113 пациенток — с использованием традиционного культивирования и выбора эмбриона для переноса (группа контроля). Проведена оценка качества переносимых эмбрионов, частоты наступления клинической беременности, частоты достижения родов и случаев потери беременности. В каждой группе выделены две подгруппы: с неэлективным переносом одного эмбриона (подгруппа 5SET: 45 пациенток в группе исследования, 67 — в контрольной) и с элективным (подгруппа 5eSET: 50 пациенток в группе исследования, 46 — в контрольной). Группы не различались по среднему возрасту, фактору бесплодия, длительности бесплодия. В группе исследования в 100% случаев перенесены эмбрионы хорошего и отличного качества, в группе контроля — в 93,8% (p = 0,037). Частота наступления клинической беременности составила 64,2% в основной группе и 60,2% — в контрольной (p = 0,65). В группе исследования частота родов составила 54% в подгруппе 5eSET и 51,1% — в подгруппе 5SET (p = 0,940). В группе контроля в подгруппе 5eSET частота родов составила 54,4%, а в подгруппе 5SET — 34,3% (p = 0,052 по методу Фишера). Проведение элективного переноса эмбриона (5eSET) или использование TLM повышало вероятность родов в 2,17 раза (p = 0,01).
Decision support for managing pre-emergency situations in case ofcatalytic reforming unit
Authors: Nemchinov Denis Valerievich , Seliverstova Alena Nikolaevna , Antonov Oleg Victorivich
Published: April 2020

The article touches upon the problem of reducing the risk of accidents at industrial facilities, which is the priority task of industrial safety management. Currently, accident-free production systems rely on monitoring the process state parameters within the acceptable range and are limited to emergency protection systems, alarms, and locks. However, for complex industrial facilities, it is necessary to recognize pre-emergency situations, which allows predicting the occurrence of an emergency mode and preventing the process from stopping or reducing losses in case of an accident. To solve this problem, a system for managing pre-emergency situations is proposed, which is considered on the example of a catalytic reforming installation. It is based on a method for determining the parametric indicator of the object's state, an algorithm for the proposed system, databases of possible causes of pre-emergency and emergency conditions and a list of measures to eliminate them. This solution allows to set the proximity of the operating mode of the process equipment to the emergency mode, which greatly lowers the risk of accident at the facility, thereby reducing the downtime of the equipment and economic losses.
ANALISIS POLITIK MINYAK DI TIMUR TENGAH
Authors: Ruslin Ismah Tita
Published: April 2020

Middle East is a region full of conflicts both regional and international area, one of continuously conflicts trigger is the oil factor, an available oil in the Middle East is a blessing and a disaster other side, since the discovery of oil resources, this region has always been the international spotlight, the several of political economy interests hold on there not only among region countries but also west countries involvement as foreign policy. Oil used as a tool ad a political goal for the realization of national interests.Keywords: Oil, Politics, Middle East