bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Two Great Powers with Different Forms of Expansion: the Incorporation of China into the Capitalist World-Economy and the Future of U.S. Hegemony
Authors: Gerig Malfred
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes interstate competition and the new power configurations of the Sino-American hegemonic conflict from the perspective of the dynamics of China’s incorporation into the longue durée of the capitalist world economy. Its central argument is that the historical specificity of wealth and power accumulation in East Asia in general and China in particular diverges from Western patterns characterized by military competition and territorial expansion, making it inappropriate to compare China with other Western powers that aspired to hegemony. To do so, the debate on the possible outcomes of the crisis of American hegemony is presented. Then, the expansionary matrix of the great European powers is discussed. Third, China’s incorporation into the capitalist world-economy is reconstructed from the First Opium War to the Great Recession. Finally, a brief answer is attempted as to why China’s expansionary form diverges from other Western powers that sought hegemony.
Resumen
Este artículo plantea un análisis de la competencia interestatal y las nuevas configuraciones de poder del conflicto hegemónico sinoestadounidense desde la perspectiva de la dinámica de incorporación de China en la longue durée de la economía-mundo capitalista. Su argumento central es que la especificidad histórica de acumulación de riqueza y poder en Asia oriental en general y China en particular diverge de las pautas occidentales caracterizadas por la competencia militar y la expansión territorial, haciendo que comparar a China con otras potencias occidentales que aspiraron a la hegemonía resulte improcedente. Para ello, primero, se muestra el debate sobre los posibles desenlaces a la crisis de la hegemonía estadounidense. Después, se discute la matriz expansiva de las grandes potencias europeas. En tercer lugar, se reconstruye la incorporación de China a la economía-mundo capitalista desde la primera Guerra del Opio a la Gran Recesión. Por último, se ensaya una breve respuesta al porqué la forma expansiva china diverge con otras potencias occidentales que buscaron la hegemonía.
The Silk Road in Space? China, Strategic Restraint and Space Security
Authors: Rosas González María Cristina
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the entry of the People’s Republic of China into the space race and the short time it has required to become a space power compared to the Soviet Union and the United States. Unlike Washington and Moscow, however, China’s space developments have proceeded without the strategic restraint required to mitigate their impact. As a result, its activities are highly polluting, generating space debris, threatening space and international security by testing directed-energy weapons, and expanding its influence within the space agendas of several developing countries. Throughout the space race, the United States and the Soviet Union/Russia have agreed to certain rules limiting militarization and promoting the sustainability of space activities. While current geopolitical tensions between Washington and Moscow hinder effective governance of outer space, the People’s Republic of China has a disruptive effect on space security by prioritizing its national interests without fully considering the regulatory framework of space law.
Resumen
En el presente artículo se analiza la incursión de la República Popular China a la carrera espacial y el corto tiempo que —en comparación con la Unión Soviética y Estados Unidos— ha requerido para convertirse en potencia espacial. Sin embargo, a diferencia de Washington y Moscú, los desarrollos espaciales chinos han procedido sin la moderación estratégica requerida, de manera que sus actividades son altamente contaminantes, generan basura espacial, amenazan a la seguridad espacial e internacional con el ensayo de armas de energía dirigida y, además, se posiciona en las agendas espaciales de diversos países en desarrollo, donde reafirma su presencia. Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética/Rusia, a lo largo de la carrera espacial, han aceptado reglas para limitar la militarización y buscar la sostenibilidad de las actividades espaciales. Si bien hoy las tensiones geopolíticas entre Washington y Moscú impiden una cabal gobernanza del espacio ultraterrestre, la República Popular China tiene un efecto disruptivo en la seguridad espacial al hacer prevalecer sus intereses nacionales sin considerar la normatividad del derecho espacial.
Falta de confianza en los partidos políticos en México: un análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Cívica, 2020
Authors: Cordourier Real Carlos Román , Mosiño Jasso Alejandro
Published: January 2025

La desafección política propicia un distanciamiento afectivo, cognitivo y conductual de la ciudadanía respecto al sistema representativo. Una de las manifestaciones de este llamado “síndrome actitudinal” es la desconfianza hacia los partidos políticos. ¿Qué variables están asociadas a esta actitud hacia los partidos políticos en México? Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Cívica de 2020, este artículo propone un modelo de regresión logística para explicar la falta de confianza en estas organizaciones. Se contrasta empíricamente distintas perspectivas teóricas que postulan sendas variables explicativas a este fenómeno, como los valores político-culturales, la evaluación racional de la confiabilidad (trustworthiness) de los objetos políticos y su desempeño institucional. Los resultados muestran que una baja valoración de la integridad y capacidad de los partidos, así como la insatisfacción con la democracia, actúan como predictores de la falta de confianza. Al mismo tiempo, la percepción de legitimidad de algunas normas fundamentales del régimen democrático (apoyo difuso), como el sistema de partidos, el sistema y la democracia electorales, tiene un efecto positivo en la probabilidad de confiar en los partidos políticos.
La consolidación de la política exterior de México con Venustiano Carranza
Authors: Bobadilla González Leticia
Published: January 2025

Reseña del libro: Gaytán Guzmán, Rosa Isabel, La Doctrina Carranza. Práctica Internacional y legado doctrinario, México, INEHRM, Secretaría de Cultura, 2018.
Rosa Isabel Gaytán analiza uno de los capítulos más emblemáticos de la historia mexicana, relacionado con la defensa de la soberanía nacional y la abierta confrontación con los gobiernos intervencionistas de los Estados Unidos, entre 1913 y 1920.
Las prácticas estéticas de los aborígenes en Cuba. Apuntes para una contra-historia decolonial
Authors: Abreu Dávila Beatriz Ivelisse , Sánchez Medina Mayra
Published: January 2025

La Historia del Arte en Cuba marca sus inicios en la etapa colonial pasando tabula rasa por sobre la cultura material de nuestros primeros pobladores y su legado. Por lo general esta porción del pasado ha sido valorada fundamentalmente como una evidencia etnográfica, histórica o patrimonial. Entre las razones que explican que no abunden las miradas de la Historia del Arte y la Estética sobre ellos, mucho tienen que ver con el eurocentrismo y su gesto excluyente sobre cualquier producto o relación que no se ajuste a sus cánones. De este modo, la centralidad paradigmática del Arte en el discurso de la Estética ha derivado en clasificaciones jerárquicas que aún normalizan la lógica colonial. Si bien la apertura a nuevas maneras de hacer ha caracterizado el escenario cultural a partir de la crisis del Arte en el siglo XX, con gestos francamente inclusivos, la mirada al pasado-presente de nuestros pueblos originarios aún no se desmarca del imperativo europeizante de discriminación. El concepto prácticas estéticas aborígenes pretende aportar a una mirada contrahistórica decolonial del pasado aborigen cubano y rescatar para las creaciones de los primeros pobladores y sus huellas, una legítima esteticidad otra que aún hoy parece estar en cuestión, si nos atenemos a pertinencias disciplinares e institucionales.
Combination Therapy of SGLT 2 Inhibitors and GLP 1 Receptor Agonists for Glycaemic Management through Weight Reduction
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Amulya V B , Sharma Manjari , Saikrupa B V
Published: January 2025

A great deal of anti-diabetic drugs leads to weight gain, which could contribute to obesity and possibly both diabetes and obesity. Glucose-lowering medications that contain sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose and sodium, which causes glycosuria and lowers plasma glucose levels. Consequently, its effects include decreases in HbA1c, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure along with decline in body weight and adiposity. Consistently, people on medications that inhibit SGLT2 tend to lose weight, but this weight loss is only modest since opposing regulatory processes work to keep the body's weight constant. This has driven researchers to investigate the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with other drugs that work by reducing appetite, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs). In a retrospective study at the Wolver Hampton Diabetes Centre, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of combination therapy using GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors in the management of diabetes and obesity. Patients on the combined regimen showed statistically significant improvements in clinical measures like body weight reduction, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, lower BMI, and reduced insulin dose. Such combinations, which include SGLT2 inhibitors, are intriguing because of the bodyweight effects and the indications of protection of cardiovascular and renal problems. These results imply that combination therapy using GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors offers individuals with diabetes and obesity a promising treatment choice
Keywords:  Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, SGLT 2 inhibitors, GLP 1 receptor agonist.
Formulation and Evaluation of Capsaicin Transemulgel for the Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Manjanna K.M. , Veeran Gouda B. , Tanusha A. S. , Ankita S. , Anusha H. , Arpita J.
Published: January 2025

Capsaicin (CAP)is a non-narcotic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Transemulgel is a new approach with combination emulsion and gel base having special characteristics dual controlled release for the treatment of various conditions arthritis. The present research work, a novel transemulgel with CAP (F1-F6) was formulated by using different concentration of gellan gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) as gelling agents with oil in water emulsion base. No significant drug-excipient interactions were observed in FT-IR studies. To evaluate various characterizations of transemulgel such as pH, spreadability, viscosity, gelation time, drug content, Invitro drug release of gel was examined in phosphate buffer pH-7.4 by Franz diffusion cell technique. The optimized transemulgel of (F5) showed pH of 5.8 ± 0.52 and viscosity of2840 ± 0.65cps. The percentage of drug content in the formulated transemulgel (F1-F6) was observed in the range of 84 to 96%w/w respectively. The optimal transemulgel spreadability was found to be 22.23 ± 0.25g·cm/s. The percentage of cumulative drug release from the formulations (F1-F3) were found to be in the range between 72.85 to 62.18% w/w and the batches (F4-F6) were observed in the range 76.85 to 70.66%w/w at the end of 6h.By considering all the investigated data while increase in concentration of GG and XG were influenced rheological properties, drug content efficiency, the Invitro drug release of transemulgel. The present investigate suggest that the CAP loaded transemulgel can be a promising topical delivery to relieve pain, inflammation and provided greater bioavailability to improve therapy.
Keywords: Topical delivery, Transemulgel, Capsaicin, Xanthan gum, Gellan gum, Emulsion, Arthritis
An Overview on Natūl therapy (therapeutic irrigation) and its importance in Unani System of Medicine
Authors: Amreen1 Dr , Khan Mohammad Tauheed
Published: January 2025

Unani System of Medicine takes entire constitution of the individual and lifestyle into account for prescribing treatment. It provides radical and safe cure for various chronic and lifestyle disorders. USM incorporates ´Ilāj bi’l Tadbīr (Regimenal therapy) as a treatment plan as well as the modification in Asbāb Sitta Ḍarūriyya (six essential factors) through certain interventions. Natūl therapy, also known as therapeutic irrigation is one of the classical and effective method in regimenal therapy, which refers to pouring or dripping of liquid slowly and steadily over a body part from a pre-fixed height. Usually decoctions of drugs and medicated oils are used for this purpose. Natūl is done with a purpose of acceleration of process of Tanqiya Mawād-i-Fāsida (evacuation of morbid materials), Imāla-e-Mawād (diversion of matter) and Ta’dīl Mizāj-i-Aʻḍāʼ (normalization of morbid temperament). It also works by local absorption of medicines at the site. The benefits achieved are the combination of neurological effects, psychological effects and pharmacological actions of the procedure and the drugs used. It is specifically useful as an adjuvant treatment in the management of nervous system disorders like headache, insomnia, migraine, amnesia, melancholia, vertigo, epilepsy etc; and also in various other disorders like cystitis, mastitis, arthralgia etc. These therapeutic effects are achieved either by kayfiyāt (quality) of liquid or the constituents of the formulation used in the procedure. Natūl therapy also exhibits analgesic effect, thereby, suppressing musculoskeletal problems such as wajaʻal-mafāṣil (osteoarthritis), wajaʻal-ẓahr (low backache), wajaʻal-aẓlāt (myalgia), ʻirq al-nasā (sciatica), etc. The need of the hour is to further evaluate these age-old prescriptions on modern parameters, thus, highlighting its clinical importance in light of classical Unani literature.
Keywords: Natūl, ´Ilāj bi’l Tadbīr, Sakūb, Tadbīr, Unani, Joshānda
Tadābīr-i-Navmawlūd (Child Health Care): A Holistic Framework in Unani System of Medicine for Child Well-Being
Authors: Khan Mohammad Tauheed , Amreen Dr , Alvi Mehvash
Published: January 2025

Infancy, the critical phase from birth to early childhood, holds immense importance, with each day contributing significantly to a child's development. Globally, approximately four million neonatal deaths occur annually, with 98% of these taking place in developing countries. In these regions, many newborns succumb to mortality at home, often under the care of mothers, family members, and traditional birth attendants. In Unani Medicine, this stage is associated with the temperament known as Mizāj Ḥārr Raṭb (hot and moist), highlighting a period of rapid growth and developmental milestones. Comprehensive neonatal and child care guidelines, referred to as Tadābīr-i-Navmawlūd, encompass various aspects, including newborn care, infant feeding, management of dentition, and therapeutic principles and treatments for children.Renowned Unani scholars such as Ibn Sīnā, Zakariyya Rāzī, Ali Ibn Abbas Majūsī, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Hubal Baghdādī have extensively discussed these topics in classical Unani texts like Al-Qānūn fi’l Ṭibb, Kitāb al-Manṣūrī, Kāmil al-Ṣanāʻa, Kitāb al-Kulliyat, and Kitāb al-Mukhtārāt fi’l Ṭibb. Their writings outline regimens and medicinal practices aimed at promoting the health and well-being of newborns, infants, and children.
Keywords: Unani medicine, Tadābīr-i-Navmawlūd, child health care, infancy, Amrāḍ-i-Aṭfāl.
Biological Activities and Mechanisms of Actions of Bioactive Compounds (BACS) Identified in Pure and Ternary Blends of Cocoyam, Soya Bean and Bambara Groundnut Flour Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique: A Review
Authors: Uro-Chukwu Henry Chukwuemeka , Uro-Chukwu Franklyn Chidiebere , Uro-Chukwu Frances Chidinma
Published: January 2025

Background: functional foods contain bioactive compounds (BACS) and can be sourced from both animals and plants like cocoyam (CY), soya bean (SB) and bambara groundnut (BGN). previous studies have reported various bacs in each of these plants but literature is scanty on the types and amount, of bacs in such flour blends and formulations. when in combinations as blend, anti-oxidant, interactions occur, resulting in either potentiation, additive, synergistic or antagonistic effect, depending on several various variables. their in-vivo bioactivities which are due to various structural features of the BACS, can be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholestrolaemic, antimicrobial and anti-diabetic activities. in this review the various bacs identified by gas chromotagraphy (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) technique in the various formulations of CY-SB-BGN flour blends were researched for their biological activities and reported mechanisms of actions.
Methodology: a google search of a study on bacs identified using gc-ms in cy-sb-bgn flour blend was conducted and one paper was identified. the bacs reported in the study was noted and literature search of the various biological activities of such compounds and their mechanisms of actions were conducted. the results were documented and discussed.
Results and Discussion: the study revealed that thiadiazole, stilbene, aziridine, thiourea, amphetamine/phenylethylene, artemisinin, monoterpenoids, naphthalenes, i,4-diazpanes, phenols and flavanoids were the identified bacs in cy-sb-bgn flour blend formulations with both the pure and ternary blends showing different family classifications of compounds and different types of compounds in one family class. the biological activities and mechanisms of actions included antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic activities with reported mechanisms of actions for each of these invivo activities.
Conclusion: there are bacs in cy-sb-bgn formulations which are reported from studies to possess anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties invivo, with very established mechanisms of actions, making the use of such plant foods in disease management scientific, hence the recommendation of such plant foods use as adjunct in chronic disease management. 
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Plant foods, Cocoyam, Soya Bean, Bambara Groundnut
FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS INFLUENCIAM O RETORNO AO ESPORTE APÓS RECONSTRUÇÃO DO LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR
Authors: Barbosa Ramon Marins , da Silva Júnior Marivaldo Nascimento , Barbosa Davi Martins , Lima Paulo Geovani Argolo Cavalcante , Petto Jefferson , dos Santos Alan Carlos Nery
Published: January 2025

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common intervention for sports injuries that significantly impacts athletes and their careers. Returning to sports after this surgery is challenging due to the influence of psychological and social factors. The objective of this study is to describe the psychosocial factors that interfere with the return to sports in athletes after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). A review of reviews was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Data sources included PubMed/MEDLINE and Virtual Health Library. Systematic reviews investigating specific psychosocial factors related to returning to sports after ACLR were included. Reviews addressing other knee procedures, studies with less than 9 months of follow-up, participants with a history of other ACLR surgeries, and reviews not exclusively focused on ACL injuries were excluded. Initially, 397 articles were identified. After applying eligibility criteria, 10 studies were included, involving 42,805 athletes from various sports. The main psychosocial factors influencing the return to sports after ACLR include fear of reinjury, lack of confidence, motivation, lifestyle changes, self-efficacy, depression, and psychological readiness. Most studies showed a moderate risk of bias. It is concluded that the psychosocial factors identified as influencing the return to sports after ACL reconstruction are highlighted by the importance of anxiety, confidence, resilience, motivation, and social and institutional support.
MASJID SEBAGAI INSPIRASI PRAKTIK MODERASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Khasan Ubaidillah  , Halim Abd.
Published: January 2025

Mosques are often used by terrorist groups to develop radical Islamic teachings and doctrines. As a gathering place for Muslims who have diverse backgrounds, the mosque should be a unifier of the people, not a divider of Muslims. This article discusses the experience of religious moderation practices in Solo with a focus on handling young people in campus mosques. By using the approach of involving campus stake holders and collaborating with campus mosque activists among young people, this study has conclusions and recommendations. namely, the mosque as the centre of community religious activities is a strategic land to become the basis for religious moderation activities, so that mosque managers / mosque takmir must promote religious moderation values such as tolerance and mutual respect between religious communities starting from the discussion of themes that are carried out to the selection of preachers in their respective mosques. In addition, the experience of interaction with the mosque by each takmir board needs to be documented or recorded as an inspiration for other mosques throughout Indonesia
PENALARAN DAN OBJEKTIVITAS MORAL
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmad , Fauzi Ammar
Published: January 2025

Muslim society today is experiencing an impasse in moral philosophy caused by the dominance of Ghazalian metaphysics. This especially occurs through a shallowing in the process of moral reasoning due to the endorsement that all moral values ​​are absolute conventions of God and can only be accessed exclusively through the written word and spiritual guides. As a result, Muslims tend to be blunt, passive and reactionary in dealing with social problems that are increasingly dynamic in the midst of pluralism and intensive democratization. This condition must be responded to immediately by presenting an alternative moral philosophical paradigm that can overcome the shortcomings in the dominant view available. The moral philosophical views that will be explained are those constructed by Ayatullah Muhammad Taqi Mishbah Yazdi, a great Islamic philosopher from Iran. The research method used is literature study. The research results show that his thinking places ontology as a moral foundation and harmonizes reason with revelation simultaneously. Ayatullah Yazdi's system of moral philosophy has the potential to be an important subtitute in presenting a Muslim social scientific attitude that is critical but still dialogical in facing increasingly dynamic realities.
FILSAFAT KEHENDAK SCHOPENHAUER DAN SIFAT QANA’AH SEBAGAI LANDASAN GAYA HIDUP MINIMALIS
Authors: Arifin Jainul , Sofyan Nurul Hikmah , Pujiono Imam Prayogo
Published: January 2025

Consumerism often promises or measures one’s happiness through the ownership of things. In fact, the happiness obtained from material possessions is only temporary . This research aims to study how the theory of "abjuring willing” in Schopenhauer's philosophy and qana'ah in the perspective of Sufism can contribute to strengthening the basis of a minimalist lifestyle, the purpose to  provide a new life orientation for individuals who are bored with the cultural orientation of consumerism. This type of research is qualitative library research where in analyzing the researcher uses an integrative analysis method namely an analysis from a philosophical and Sufism perspective according to the theory offered by the author in this article. Data collection uses documentation techniques taken from sources relevant to the research focus. The finding of this research is that the theory of "abjuring willing” by Schopenhauer and qana'ah can be a basis for individuals to strengthen the implementation of a minimalist lifestyle. From the theory of " abjuring willing", individuals can learn to reduce the desire to have more. Meanwhile, by instilling qana'ah within oneself, individuals will feel satisfied with what they have.
Strong Association of Autoantibodies Targeting Deamidated Extracellular Epitopes of Insulinoma Antigen-2 (IA-2) with Clinical Onset of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jia Xiaofan , Wenzlau Janet M. , Zhang Caiguo , Dong Fran , Waugh Kathleen , Leslie R. David , Rewers Marian J , Michels Aaron W , Yu Liping ,   Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) Study Group,   Action LADA Consortium
Published: January 2025

Increasing evidence shows that pathogenic T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) that may have evaded negative selection recognize post-translational modified (PTM) epitopes of self-antigens. We have investigated the profiles of autoantibodies specifically targeting the deamidated epitopes of insulinoma antigen-2 extracellular domain (IA-2ec) to explore their relationship with T1D development. We compared the characteristics of autoantibodies targeting the IA-2ec Q>E epitopes (PTM IA-2ecA) as well as those targeting the IA-2ec unmodified epitopes (IA-2ecA) in participants across different stages of T1D development and in individuals with other types of diabetes and other kinds of autoimmunity. In patients with new-onset T1D, the prevalence of PTM IA-2ecA (26.1%) was significantly higher than that of IA-2ecA (19.5%, P<0.0001). In a longitudinal newborn cohort, both IA-2ecAs were present, but rare in preclinical stage 1 T1D, and with much lower positivity in individuals with stage 3 T1D who had been closely followed from birth in a clinical study compared to patients diagnosed in routine clinical settings with overt symptoms. In participants with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 2 diabetes, and celiac disease autoimmunity, we did not observe significant positivity of either IA-2ecAs. These results indicate that PTM and unmodified IA-2ecA are predominantly present in clinical new-onset T1D patients, at late stages of T1D development.
Weld line Charpy toughness investigations on High Frequency Induction (HFI) welded pipes and exploration of a method to achieve toughness improvements
Authors:   , Baker Samuel
Published: January 2025

The growth of the gas and oil industry into cold regions has driven the demand for high frequency induction welded pipes that are resistant to sour service. However, the toughness of the weld line can deteriorate in cold and harsh environments and producing a weld line that is resistant to these conditions is challenging since it is already difficult to guarantee acceptable weld line toughness with a sufficiently high level of confidence. Previous research has investigated the factors causing poor toughness. Nonetheless, the research was somewhat limited due to several reasons. The literature has also suggested that a more uniform temperature distribution during welding can improve the weld quality. However, justifications to why have not been determined. This researched aimed to develop a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the toughness of the weld line on a 16 mm thick X60 high frequency induction welded pipe, so subsequent rational could then be developed to establish why a more uniform temperature distribution during welding could improve the weld line toughness. If successful, this knowledge could then be used to develop a method to improve the temperature distribution, and thus enhance the weld line toughness. Characterisation and impact testing established the main factors influencing the toughness of the weld line. It was also discovered that the microstructure varied through the depth of the weld line, where the parts which experienced the greatest heating displayed the most undesirable features for satisfactory toughness. Therefore, it was concluded that by reducing the high temperatures in these regions, the overall microstructure could be improved, subsequently enhancing the toughness of the weld line. With this new knowledge, computational modelling was implemented to explore a method to improve the temperature distribution during welding. This was successful, and achieved by altering the geometry of the strip edges.
DEVELOPMENT A MULTIFACTORIAL PORTRAIT MODEL OF SOFTWARE COMPLEXES’ SUPPORTING SUBJECTS, USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Pukach A.I. , Teslyuk V.M.
Published: January 2025

Impact factors, that are shaping the individualistic perception of the supported objects by the relevant subjects, who interact with them, directly or indirectly, are considered in this research. A form of impact factors’ (performing impact on the supported software complexes) representation has been studied and proposed. Aforementioned form includes: a set of input characteristics of the researched supported object; a set of impact factors in the form of a transformation matrix function; and a set of output characteristics of the resulting perception of the same researched supported object (however in the individualistic perception of each individual subject of interaction with it). The possibility of encapsulation of artificial neural networks inside the aforementioned proposed form (of the supported software complexes’ impact factors representation) was investigated. And the use of multilayer perceptron was proposed and substantiated for the implementation of the appropriate encapsulations. An appropriate multifactorial portrait model of software complexes’ supporting subjects, using artificial neural networks, particularly a multilayer perceptron, has been developed and presented. Also, the applied practical problem of determining the deficient impact factors for each of the software complex’ support team members has been solved.
Key words: model, artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptron, impact factors, multifactor portrait, software complexes, support, automation.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALGORITHM FLOW GRAPH WIDTH IN NEURAL NETWORKS TO REDUCE THE USE OF PROCESSOR ELEMENTS ON SINGLE-BOARD COMPUTERS
Authors: Fastiuk Y. , Huzynets N.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a method for optimizing the algorithm flow graph of a deep neural network to reduce the number of processor elements (PE) required for executing the algorithm on single-board computers. The proposed approach is based on the use of a structural matrix to optimize the neural network architecture without loss of performance. The research demonstrated that by reducing the width of the graph, the number of processor elements was reduced from 3 to 2, while maintaining network performance at 75% efficiency. This approach is significant as it expands the potential applications of neural networks in embedded systems and IoT, enhancing the efficiency of computational resource utilization on devices with limited computational capabilities, ensuring effective use of resources.
Keywords: Neural network, algorithm flow graph, algorithm optimization, IoT
PROMPTING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE USE OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS
Authors: Yurchak I.Yu. , Kychuk O.O. , Oksentyuk V.M. , Khich A.O.
Published: January 2025

The work is dedicated to the study of fundamental prompting techniques to improve the efficiency of using large language models (LLMs). Significant attention is given to the issue of prompt engineering. Various techniques are examined in detail: zero-shot prompting, feedback prompting, few-shot prompting, chain-of-thought, tree of thoughts, and instruction tuning. Special emphasis is placed on Reaction & Act Prompting and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) as critical factors in ensuring effective interaction with LLMs. The features of applying these techniques and their impact on results are highlighted. However, leveraging their full potential requires a careful approach and consideration of application specifics.
A review of the parameters of large language models, such as temperature, top P, maximum number of tokens, stop sequences, frequency and presence penalties, etc., is provided. It is noted that prompt development is an iterative process that involves sequential testing of different options to achieve optimal results. All techniques discussed in the study are supported by illustrative examples with obtained results. It is indicated which types of tasks each technique is more suitable for. The study results include comparisons of both fundamental techniques and more advanced technologies such as ReAct and RAG.
Prompt engineering is a key technology for the effective use of large language models. It is relevant due to the increasing application of artificial intelligence in all areas of human activity, and its role will only grow with the development of technology. The ability to correctly formulate prompts is becoming an important skill necessary for working with modern large models, especially given their versatility and complexity.
Keywords: large language models, prompt engineering, prompting technique, content generation.
SISTEM INFORMASI PUBLIK DAN MEDIA SOSIAL DENGAN METODE INTEGRASI SISTEM DI DINAS KOMINFO MEDAN
Authors: Ritonga Rani Anjelina , Samsudin Samsudin , Samsudin Samsudin
Published: January 2025

Dalam era digital saat ini, teknologi informasi memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung pemerintah untuk menyampaikan informasi publik secara cepat, transparan, dan akurat. Penyebaran informasi melalui internet, termasuk media sosial, memudahkan masyarakat dalam mencari dan mendapatkan informasi. Pemerintah harus beradaptasi dengan memanfaatkan kanal informasi teknologi untuk melayani masyarakat secara daring dan luar jaringan. Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik mendukung tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik dengan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Medan memanfaatkan website terintegrasi untuk mengelola informasi publik dan konten media sosial dalam satu platform. Website ini mempermudah masyarakat mengakses berita terbaru, pengumuman, dan layanan publik, serta menyatukan konten media sosial seperti Facebook dan Instagram secara real-time. Penggunaan pendekatan perancangan sistem berbasis objek dengan UML dan implementasi menggunakan PHP, HTML, dan CSS memungkinkan website ini menjadi platform yang efektif dalam mendukung pelayanan publik di Kota Medan.
Elämänlaatu ja toimintakyky tekonivelleikkauksissa
Authors: Rissanen Pekka , Aro Seppo , Sintonen Harri , Slätis Pär , Paavolainen Pekka
Published: January 2025

Tekonivelen asentamisen vaikutuksia terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun ja toimintakykyyn tutkittiin poikkileikkausaineistolla, joka muodostui leikkausta odottavista, kaksi vuotta aiemmin ja viisi vuotta aiemmin leikatuista lonkka- ja polvipotilaista. Potilaiden valintakriteerinä oli primaarinivelrikko, ensimmäinen kyseisen nivelen leikkaus ja koko nivelen vaihto. Vaikutusten arvioimiseksi leikkausta odottavia verrattiin kaksi ja viisi vuotta sitten leikattuihin. Tiedot koottiin kyselylomakkeella (n = 355).
Subjektiivisesti arvioitujen terveysvaikutusten analyysissa käytettiin Nottingham Health Profile -mittaria ja 15 ulottuvuutta käsittävää terveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun mittaria. Toimintakykyä tutkittiin päivittäisistä toimista suoriutumista sekä avuntarvetta eri arkipäivän tehtävissä mittaavilla muuttujilla.
Kivuliaisuus oli leikatuilla potilailla selvästi leikkausta odottavia vähäisempää. Leikkaus näytti kohentavan myös liikkumista ja unen laatua. Toimintakyky oli leikattujen ryhmissä selvästi leikkausta odottavia parempi. Avuntarve kodin ulkopuolella asioinnissa oli leikatuilla merkitsevästi vähäisempi, mutta kodin sisäisissä askareissa ei avun tarpeessa havaittu merkitseviä eroja leikattujen ja leikkausta odottavien välillä.
Leikkauksen myönteiset vaikutukset näyttävät kestävän vuosikausia, sillä kaksi ja viisi vuotta aiemmin leikattujen ryhmien välillä ei ollut eroja terveydentilassa ja toimintakyvyssä.
Tuki- ja liikuntaelinten sairauksien esiintymisen alue-erojen merkitys
Authors: Melkas Tapani , Heliövaara Markku , Mäkelä Matti , Sievers Kai
Published: January 2025

Mini-Suomi-tutkimuksen aineistosta tutkittiin tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön oireiden, sairauksien, työkyvyttömyyden, toimintakyvyn ja röntgenlöydösten esiintymistä sosiaalivakuutusalueittain. Oireiden ilmoittamisessa ja lääkärin toteamassa työkyvyttömyydessä havaittiin alueellista vaihtelua siten, että ne yleistyivät lounaasta koilliseen siirryttäessä. Samansuuntaisesti vaihteli diagnosoidun selkäsairausyhtymän esiintyminen, mutta kokonaisuutena lääkärintutkimuksessa todetussa TULE-sairastavuudessa ei ollut merkittäviä alue-eroja. Eroja ei todettu myöskään nivelten toiminnanvajavuuden eikä käden nivelrikkoon viittaavan röntgenlöydöksen esiintymisessä. Tulosten mukaan haastattelututkimuksissa havaittuja tuki- ja liikuntaelinten sairauksien ja tilastoidun työkyvyttömyyden alue-eroja voidaan selittää alueellisilla eroilla oireiden kokemisessa, selkäsairausyhtymän esiintymisessä ja työn laadussa.
Alaraajahalvautunut ja työ
Authors: Salminen Jouko K. , Mattlar Carl-Erik , Hämäläinen Anneli , Tarkkanen Pekka , Puukka Pauli
Published: January 2025

Tässä retrospektiivisessä tutkimuksessa on selvitetty 99 suomalaisen rintarangan tason paraplegiapotilaan työssäolon yleisyyttä ja vertailtu työssä ja eläkkeellä olevien terveydentilan ja psykososiaalisien taustatekijöiden suhteen. 23 % paraplegiapotilaista oli työssä tai opiskeli. Tämä on huomattavasti vähemmän kuin useissa muissa maissa. Työssä olevat olivat nuorempia, olivat vammautuneet nuorempina ja heillä oli pidempi koulutus, minkä lisäksi he olivat psyykkisesti eheämpiä ja kyvykkäämpiä.
Tupakoinnin ehkäiseminen nuorten suun terveyden edistäjänä
Authors: Utriainen Pekka , Tossavainen Kerttu , Sinkkonen Sirkka
Published: January 2025

Nuorten tupakointi on lisääntynyt huolestuttavasti. Yläasteella tupakoivien osuus on jo noin 30 %. Seinäjoen terveyskeskuksessa selvitettiin 1989 kaikkien Seinäjoen kaupungin 13-vuotiaiden (N=364) hampaiden ja ienten terveyttä kliinisin tutkimuksin sekä kyselyillä tupakointitottumuksia ja niiden taustatekijöitä. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää tupakoinnin ja tupakointikokeilujen yhteyttä hampaiden reikiintymiseen ja ientulehduksiin sekä onko tässä suhteessa sukupuolten välisiä eroja. Tavoitteena oli hankkia tietoja tupakoinnin vastustamiseksi suunniteltua interventiota varten.
Niistä oppilaista, joilla oli kolme tai useampia uusia reikiä, oli tupakoijia tai tupakan kokeilijoita 77 %. Oppilaista, joilla ei ollut yhtään uutta reikää, tupakoi päivittäin 2 %, mutta niistä, joilla oli kolme tai useampia uusia reikää, tupakoi päivittäin 14 %.
Hammashuollon henkilöstön mahdollisuuksista antaa potilailleen tupakkaterveyskasvatusta on julkaistu rohkaisevia tuloksia. Erityisen hyödyllistä tupakointiin kohdistuva terveyskasvatus on hammashoidollisille riskipotilaille.
Terveydenhuollon henkilöstön käytön ja yhteistyön tehostaminen on mahdollista silloin, kun terveydenhuollon useat ammattiryhmät tiedostavat terveyttä uhkaavat riskitekijät ja luopuvat suppeasta, vain omaan työalueeseensa pitkittyneestä ajattelusta toiminnasta
Yleissairaaloiden vuodeosastohoidon käyttö ja hoidon porrastus keskussairaaloiden etäisyyden mukaan
Authors: Salmela Reijo
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, mitä keskussairaalan etäisyys asuinkunnasta vaikuttaa vuodeosastohoidon käyttöön terveyskeskus- ja paikallissairaaloissa sekä muissa kunnallisissa yleissairaaloissa, ja mikä yhteys keskussairaalan etäisyydellä asuinkunnasta on yleissairaaloiden porrastukseen. Aineistona käytettiin yleissairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisterin tietoja vuosilta 1980–84 niistä 239 kunnasta, jotka eivät kuuluneet aluesairaalakuntainliittoihin. Väestö käytti terveyskeskus- ja paikallissairaaloiden palveluja sitä enemmän ja erikoistason yleissairaaloiden palveluja sitä vähemmän, mitä kauempana asuinkunta sijaitsi keskussairaalasta. Kunnan etäisyyden keskussairaalasta lisääntyessä siirtyi yleissairaalahoidon käytön painopiste yhä enemmän terveyskeskus- ja paikallissairaaloiden suuntaan. Tämä hoidon porrastuksen muutos oli voimakkaampi hoitojaksojen käytön kuin hoitopäivien käytön osalta. Keskussairaalan etäisyyteen liittyvät erot yleissairaalahoidon käytössä johtuivat pääosin eroista kuntien omistamien tai varaamien sairaansijojen määrässä ja jakautumisessa yleis- ja erikoislääkärijohtoisten sairaaloiden sairaansijoihin.
NHP - koetun terveydentilan mittari terveydenhuollon arviointitutkimuksiin
Authors: Koivukangas Pirjo , Koivukangas John , Ohinmaa Arto , Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa , Krause Kai
Published: January 2025

Terveydenhuollon menojen kasvu ja vaatimus kustannusten vähentämisestä edellyttävät toimintojen järkiperäistä kohdentamista. Siksi käytettyjen panosten vaikuttavuuden ja tehokkuuden arviointi on tarpeellista. Koska kuolleisuus, sairastavuus, sairaalassaolopäivät sekä hoidettujen potilaiden määrät mittaavat vain karkeasti terveydenhuollon vaikutuksia, on terveydenhuollon arviointitutkimuksissa siirrytty mittaamaan myös terveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua. Ennen kuin Suomessa voidaan ottaa käyttöön jossakin muussa maassa kehitetty mittari, on se ensin saatava vastaamaan oman maamme kulttuurisia, kielellisiä ja sosiaalisia oloja. Tässä artikkelissa esitetään laajasti käytetyn, Englannissa kehitetyn koetun terveydentilan mittarin Nottingham Health Profilen (NHP) arvottaminen ja painoarvot suomalaisessa väestössä. Esitetty suomalainen väittämäsarja ja osioihin liitetyt painot on hyväksytty Neljännessä Eurooppalaisessa NHP-kokouksessa Göteborgissa vuonna 1991.
Naisen sosiaaliryhmän määritystavat ja niiden yhteys terveyseroihin ja terveyspalvelujen käyttöön
Authors: Malin Maili , Topo Päivi , Hemminki Elina
Published: January 2025

Yksilön sosiaaliluokan määrittäminen on ongelmallista, ja erityisen vaikeaa se on naisille. Sosiaaliluokan käsitteen sijasta käytimme ammattiin ja koulutukseen perustuvaa sosiaaliryhmän käsitettä, koska sosiaaliluokka viittaa laajempiin yhteiskuntapoliittisiin tekijöihin. Tarkastelimme 45–64-vuotiaiden suomalaisten naisten sosiaaliryhmän määrittämistä heidän oman koulutuksensa, ammattinsa ja puolisonsa ammatin mukaan. Lisäksi tutkimme, miten erilaiset sosiaaliryhmän mittareiden valinnat vaikuttivat terveydessä ja terveyspalvelujen käytössä havaittaviin eroihin.
Kuudellakymmenellä prosentilla naisista heidän ammattiinsa perustuva sosiaaliryhmä oli sama kuin peruskoulutuksen perusteella määriteltynä. Kun tarkastelimme vain naimisissa olevia, avoliitossa eläviä tai leskinaisia, 43 %:lla heidän ja heidän puolisoidensa sosiaaliryhmät olivat samat. Sosiaaliryhmien eri mittareilla todetut terveyserot poikkesivat toisistaan subjektiivisen terveyden ja gynekologilla käynnin suhteen. Tällöin peruskoulutukseen perustuva tarkastelu erotteli ryhmiä voimakkaimmin. Sydän- ja verisuonisairastavuuden suhteen sosiaaliryhmäerot olivat samanlaiset eri mittareilla arvioituina.
Ammattiin perustuvat sosiaaliryhmät ovat jakautuneet sukupuolen mukaan sekä vertikaalisesti että horisontaalisesti siten, että naiset kuuluvat yleensä työntekijöihin ja alempiin toimihenkilöihin. Työaseman mukaisessa hierarkiassa he usein ovat alemmalla tasolla kuin miehet. Samoin koulutusalat ovat jakautuneet sukupuolen mukaan. Tämän vuoksi sosiaaliryhmän käsitteen sisältöä ja kriteereitä tulisi arvioida uudelleen siten, että tutkittavan sukupuoli huomioidaan.
Laatujohtaminen sairaalassa
Authors: Kivimäki Mika , Elovainio Marko
Published: January 2025

Laatujohtamisjärjestelmän mukaisesti toimivassa palveluorganisaatiossa pyritään kaikkien organisaation jäsenten osallistumiseen tehokkuuden ja laadun kehittämisessä. Tällöin organisaation jäsenillä tulee olla selkeä yhteinen näkemys organisaation tavoitteista sekä tietoa siitä, miten toiminta kulloinkin vastaa tavoitteita.
Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuoltohenkilöstölle (n=2779) tehdyn valtakunnallisen kyselyn perusteella sairaalahenkilöstön (n=877) kohdalla tämä ei täysin toteutunut. Vain vajaa kaksi kolmasosaa sairaalassa työskentelevistä tiesi omasta mielestään tarpeeksi hyvin yhteiset tavoitteet, ja ainoastaan alle puolet arvioi toimintaa koskevan tiedonkulun riittäväksi. Puutteet tavoitteisiin ja toimintaan liittyvässä tiedossa olivat yhteydessä koettuun palvelun laatuun.
Artikkelissa verrattiin sairaalahenkilöstön tuloksia muuhun terveydenhuoltoon ja sosiaalihuoltoon sekä pohdittiin tilanteen muuttumista sairaaloiden osalta tulevaisuudessa.
Asiakkaiden tyytyväisyys 45-vuotiaiden terveystarkastuskäynteihin
Authors: Nupponen Ritva
Published: January 2025

Tampereen kaupungin terveyskeskuksen järjestämiin aikuisten ikäluokittaisiin terveystarkastuksiin on jo 20 vuoden ajan osallistunut keskimäärin 80 % kutsutuista. Asiakastyytyväisyyttä selvitettiin kyselyllä ns. laajan 45-vuotistarkastuksen (esikysely ja yhdistetty seulonta- ja neuvontakäynti) yhteydessä. Yleisimmät tyytyväisyyden aiheet olivat palvelutapa (ystävällisyys, hienotunteisuus 81–95 %), henkilökohtaisesti tärkeiden asioiden käsitteleminen (45 %) sekä naisilla tarkastuksen monipuolisuus (ilmoittaneita: naiset 41 %, miehet 21 %). Tyytymättömyyden aiheita ilmoitettiin selvästi vähemmän (jokin aihe: naiset 29 %, miehet 34 %). Miehet pitivät tarkastusta pintapuolisena yleisemmin kuin naiset. Naisista useampi kuin miehistä ilmoitti, ettei keskustelussa tullut esille mitään uutta. Vastaajien mielipiteissä tarkastuskäynnit esiintyivät keinona omatoimisen terveydenhoidon tukemiseen tai vaaratekijöiden hallintaan, ja tarkastusjärjestelmä koettiin välineenä kaupunkilaisten terveyden turvaamiseen.
STRATEGI INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM KURIKULUM
Authors: Cahyono Heri , Ningsih Dewi , Rotama Andra , Badrudin
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi integrasi pendidikan berkelanjutan, dengan mempertimbangkan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menggabungkan prinsip keberlanjutan ke dalam kurikulum. Menggunakan metode kualitatif pustaka, data dikumpulkan melalui kajian literatur dari jurnal, buku, dan laporan kebijakan terkait pendidikan. Analisis tematik mengungkapkan beberapa hambatan utama, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, bahan ajar yang tidak memadai, dan kurangnya pelatihan guru. Meskipun demikian, potensi yang ada dalam ajaran Islam, yang menekankan peran manusia sebagai penjaga alam, dapat mendukung penerapan pendidikan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menawarkan rekomendasi strategis, termasuk pelibatan pemangku kepentingan dan penerapan metode pembelajaran berbasis proyek, untuk mendorong pendidikan yang mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan dan mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dengan pendekatan yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam.
PRODUCTION of AROMATIC BRAN USING LIQUID ORGANIC SUPPLEMENT of COW MANURE EFFECTS ON LACTIC ACID, pH, DRY MATTER LOSS and FLEIGH VALUE (NF)
Authors: Suryadi Annisa Suci Ghifaryz
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of liquid organic supplements made cow manure added to rice bran to produce aromatic rice bran with the best values in terms of lactic acid, pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh Value (NF). The research was conducted from May - June 2024 at the Ruminant Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University. This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 6 replications, P0 = 1 kilogram of bran + 300 grams of molasses, P1 = 1 kilogram of bran + 200 grams of molasses + 100 mL of SOC, and P2 = 1 kilogram of bran + 100 grams of molasses + 200 mL of SOC. Data analysis was using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the use of cow manure SOC affected the pH, lactic acid content, and dry matter loss of aromatic rice bran, but did not affect the Fleigh Value (FV). The application of SOC with a dose of 100 grams of molasses + 200 mL SOC produced high lactic acid (21.12%), the lowest pH value (4.52), dry matter loss (8.21%), and a Fleigh value of (167.59%).