bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tightwads and spendthrifts: An interdisciplinary review
Authors: Rick Scott
Published: September 2018

Consumers rely on a “pain of paying” to help deter their spending. While this is beneficial for some consumers, others experience levels of pain that create problems. “Tightwads” experience too much pain when considering spending and therefore spend less than they would ideally like to spend. By contrast, “spendthrifts” experience too little pain and therefore spend more than they would ideally like to spend. Neither are happy with how they handle money. In the decade since the tightwad‐spendthrift construct was introduced, much has been learned about what it is and is not (e.g., frugality, greed), what contextual factors are likely to reduce its importance, how it plays a role within romantic relationships, and when it might first emerge in childhood. This paper reviews the wide range of interdisciplinary research relevant to the tightwad‐spendthrift construct and proposes several directions for new research.
A Diarylethene‐Based Photoswitch and its Photomodulation of the Fluorescence of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Liu Ronghua , Yang Yu , Cui Qianling , Xu Wenqiang , Peng Rui , Li Lidong
Published: September 2018

Photochromic diarylethene derivatives, which can reversibly switch the fluorescence of adjacent fluorophores between the ON and OFF states under light irradiation, have been widely used to construct photoswitchable materials. Herein, eight dithienylethene (DTE) groups are integrated onto one polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core, obtaining a novel super molecular photoswitch. After being doped into conjugated polymer nanoparticles, the POSS‐DTE8 molecules show a higher contrast on/off photoswitching performance and a quicker responsive speed than free DTE molecules at same molar concentration of photochromic units. This enhanced photoswitching efficiency is attributed to the increased molecular interaction of the ring‐open form and lowered energy of the ring‐closed form of the DTE units on the POSS core, which is beneficial for the ring‐closing reaction and subsequent energy transfer between photoswitch and fluorophores. In addition, POSS‐DTE8 also exhibits good photomodulation behavior in the conjugated polymer film, giving it potential applications in optical devices.
Chiral [MnIIMnIII3M′] (M′=NaI, CaII, MnII) and [MnIIMnIII6NaI2] Clusters Built from an Enantiomerically Pure Schiff Base: Synthetic, Chiroptical, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mayans Júlia , Font‐Bardia Mercé , Di Bari Lorenzo , Górecki Marcin , Escuer Albert
Published: September 2018

From the reaction of manganese halides with the chiral Schiff bases obtained by condensation of o‐vanillin and (R)‐ or (S)‐phenylglycinol, 11 complexes based on pentanuclear cages with trigonal bipyramidal [MnIIMnIII3M′] (M′=NaI, CaII, MnII) or enneanuclear [MnIIMnIII6NaI2] cores were synthesized. Structural, supramolecular chirality, and optical properties were explored. The magnetic properties of related systems were reviewed, and the magnetic response of the new systems was rationalized to the bond parameters.
Enantioselective Bromolactonization of Trisubstituted Olefinic Acids Catalyzed by Chiral Pyridyl Phosphoramides
Authors: Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Hamamoto Yuhta , Satoh Rika , Akada Naho , Kajita Shuhei , Nomoto Marina , Miyata Megumi , Nakamura Madoka , Matsubara Chinatsu , Hara Osamu
Published: September 2018

Enantioselective bromolactonization of trisubstituted olefinic acids producing synthetically useful chiral lactones with two contiguous asymmetric centers has remained mainly unexplored except for the 6‐exo cyclization mode. In this work, the 5‐exo‐ and 6‐endo modes of bromocyclization of trisubstituted olefinic acids were enabled for the first time using N‐bromosuccinimide and a pyridyl phosphoramide catalyst. The utility of the resulting bromolactones was demonstrated by transformations harnessing reactive alkyl bromide moieties without losing stereochemical information. Optimization studies and control experiments revealed that the basicity of pyridine moieties and presence of N−H protons in the phosphoramide species strongly affected both the reactivity and enantioselectivity parameters.
Borane‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinolines Bearing Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters by Hydride Abstraction‐Induced Electrocyclization
Authors: Maier Alexander F. G. , Tussing Sebastian , Zhu Hui , Wicker Garrit , Tzvetkova Pavleta , Flörke Ulrich , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Grimme Stefan , Paradies Jan
Published: September 2018

The borane‐catalyzed synthesis of quinoline derivatives bearing tetrasubstituted stereocenters from vinyl anilines has been developed. Mechanistic studies and quantum‐mechanical investigations support the hydride abstraction/electrocyclization/hydride addition mechanism. The products were obtained in up to 99 % yield with a diastereoselectivity of >99 % in favour for the 3a‐5‐cis isomer.
Chiral recognition of the carnitine enantiomers using rhodamine B as a resonance Rayleigh scattering probe
Authors: Yang Jidong , Tan Xuanping , Zhao Yanmei
Published: September 2018

A novel and simple method for simultaneous determination of chiral carnitine (CA) enantiomers was proposed. In this work, the rhodamine B (RhB) could react with D‐CA and L‐CA, and new resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peaks were generated. According to the polarization experiments, it could be testified that scattering peak of this system was composed of resonance fluorescence and scattering light. The RRS intensity of the RhB could be enhanced with the addition of D‐ or L‐CA. However, The RRS signal with L‐CA had greater degree increased. So a useful assay program for the selective and simultaneous determination of CA enantiomers was built via the RRS signal differences of the two CA enantiomers responding to RhB. The results showing a good linear relationship and high correlation coefficient were obtained, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.086 μg·mL−1 (D‐CA) and 0.042 μg·mL−1 (CA). Here, new built RRS method with RhB as chiral probe could be applied to achieve selective analysis through this work. The applicability of the chiral recognition of CA enantiomers mixtures in samples had been demonstrated by its low cost, sensitivity, enantioselectivity, simplicity, and good availability of the materials.
Use of a low‐cost telecytopathology method for remote assessment of thyroid FNAs
Authors: Costa Camilla , Pastorello Ricardo Garcia , Mendonça André , Tamaro Caroline , Morais Caroline , Barbosa Barbara , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Caivano Alessandra , Saieg Mauro Ajaj
Published: September 2018

Background

Rapid on‐site evaluation is a great tool for optimizing the adequacy and quality of cytologic samples. The objective of the current study was to analyze a low‐cost telecytopathology method for the remote assessment of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), with comparison of the primarily rendered adequacy and diagnosis with the final conventional analysis.

Methods

Material collected from thyroid FNABs was immediately smeared onto glass slides and stained with Diff‐Quik. A conventional microscope attached to a smart device was operated on‐site by either a medical student or a pathology resident for Wi‐Fi transmission of the images by Skype. The cytopathologist would remotely guide the screening of the slides, zooming in and out of areas of interest. Remote assessment included an analysis of material adequacy and a preliminary diagnosis. The quality of the transmission and the number of slides also were recorded. After a washout period of 3 weeks, final diagnosis and adequacy were assigned by conventional microscopy.

Results

The final agreement rate for adequacy between remote and conventional analysis was 90.5%. For diagnosis, the final agreement rate was 83.3%. The diagnosis agreement rate varied, depending on the quality of transmission: there was 88% agreement when the quality was excellent, 77.8% agreement when it was good, and 62.5% agreement when it was poor.

Conclusions

Low‐cost telecytopathology is an efficient method for the remote assessment of thyroid FNAB adequacy and diagnosis. The wide use of such technology in low‐resource or remote centers may have a positive impact on the number of adequate or satisfactory samples, optimizing the management of patients who have thyroid nodules.
Effect of a High‐Fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Cabotegravir
Authors: Patel Parul , Ford Susan L. , Lou Yu , Bakshi Kalpana , Tenorio Allan R. , Zhang Zhiping , Pan Rennan , Spreen William
Published: September 2018

Cabotegravir is an integrase inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection using oral tablets for short‐term, lead‐in use before subsequent administration of a long‐acting injectable formulation. This phase 1, single‐center, randomized, 2 × 2 crossover study evaluated the effect of a high‐fat meal on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral cabotegravir. Healthy adults received oral cabotegravir 30 mg as a single dose on 2 separate occasions, either after fasting or following a high‐fat meal (∼53% fat, ∼870 kcal). Safety evaluations and serial PK samples were collected, and a mixed‐effects model was used to determine within‐participant treatment comparison of noncompartmental PK parameters. Twenty‐four patients were enrolled and had a mean body mass index of 25.6 kg/m2; 67% were male. Compared with the fasting state, coadministration of cabotegravir with a high‐fat meal increased plasma cabotegravir area under the concentration‐time curve and maximal drug concentration, each by 14%. The slight 14% to 17% increase in exposure associated with a high‐fat, high‐calorie meal was not considered clinically significant. No grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), drug‐related AEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation were reported.
Effective Green Alliances: An analysis of how environmental nongovernmental organizations affect corporate sustainability programs
Authors: Lee Maggie Ka Ka
Published: September 2018

While corporate sustainability is attaining more spotlight, the role environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) play in corporate sustainability programs (CSPs) continues to be ambivalent. Some ENGOs take on policing roles towards CSPs, whereas others form “Green Alliances” with corporations to enhance their CSPs. This paper takes a deep dive into CSPs, ENGOs, and communication problems associated with CSPs, namely, reporting inadequacies and greenwashing. Potential angles from which ENGOs can help foster or enhance corporate sustainability are then identified and examined.

This empirical study examines several factors to improve corporate sustainability through partnerships with ENGOs. From the survey results, the top areas in which ENGOs can influence CSPs are determined—these include external value creation and the identification and monitoring of corporate negative environmental impact. There is evidence found in support of a correlation between trust in ENGOs and the perceived effectiveness of Green Alliances.
Determinants of the implementation of environmental risk indicators: Empirical evidence from the Italian manufacturing context
Authors: Lamboglia Rita , Paolone Francesco , Mancini Daniela
Published: September 2018

This study analyzes the factors associated with the implementation of environmental risk indicators (ERIs) among organizations. According to studies that show the relevance of management accounting tools for managing risk, we measure the level of ERI implementation across organizations by analyzing the presence of environmental performance indicators in corporate social responsibility reports and on corporate web sites. The analysis is based on data gathered from 72 Italian listed manufacturing companies for the year 2015. The empirical findings suggest that ERI implementation is positively driven primarily by the following variables: the presence of a chief risk officer, the level of environmental risk score, and firm complexity. In contrast, the number of independent directors on the board does not affect ERI implementation.
A low‐power CMOS transimpedance amplifier in 90‐nm technology for 5‐Gbps optical communication applications
Authors: Zohoori Soorena , Dolatshahi Mehdi
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a modified Regulated Cascode (RGC)‐based, low‐power, transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is proposed followed by a closed‐loop gain stage beside an added level shifter circuit to the booster of a conventional RGC circuit to set the proper biasing conditions for the transistors in the proposed TIA structure in 90‐nm CMOS technology. Moreover, the added gain stage benefits from an active inductor which resonates with the output capacitance of the TIA circuit to extend the bandwidth while saves the occupied chip area in comparison with passive inductor schemes. In addition, the performance of the proposed TIA circuit is simulated in HSPICE using 90‐nm CMOS technology parameters which show a transimpedance gain of 41 dBΩ, −3‐dB frequency bandwidth of 3.7 GHz, input referred noise value of 834nArms, and the power consumption value of only 1.4 mW at 1‐V supply.
Workplace culture is a hot topic
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: September 2018

Development Dimensions International blogger Stephanie Neal, in “10 Hot Leadership Topics for 2018,” listed these topics.
Bleeding from Wharton's duct after fine‐needle aspiration biopsy on submandibular gland
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Yoon Tae Mi , Lee Joon Kyoo , Lim Sang Chul
Published: September 2018

The case of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the patient's salivary gland lesions is considered a rapid, simple, reliable, minimal invasive procedure with markedly rare complications. Herein, we report a case of bleeding from the region of the Wharton's duct after a procedure of a FNAB on the patient's submandibular gland. To our knowledge, this is the first case of bleeding from a salivary duct after a FNAB. For this reason, it is important to recognize that bleeding from the salivary duct after a FNAB can be a rare occurrence.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Styryl‐Based Benzo[f]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline and Indeno[2,1‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridines
Authors: Manickam Saravanakumar , Balijapalli Umamahesh , Sawminathan Sathish , Samuelrajamani Pavithra , Kamaraj Srividya , Shanmugam Vijayshanthi , Ramalingam Sona , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu
Published: September 2018

A new family of extended π‐conjugated dihydrobenzopyrazoloquinoline (DBPQ) and dihydroindenopyrazolopyridine (DIPP) molecules were synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. The DBPQ derivatives showed significantly higher molar absorption coefficients, and their absorption and emission wavelengths were red‐shifted with respect to those of the corresponding DIPP derivatives in chloroform solution. Dyes with no substitution and methoxy, nitro, and fluoro‐substituted derivatives showed poor dependence on solvent polarity. At the same time, DBPQ and DIPP derivatives with dimethylamino groups exhibited strong solvatochromism in the emission spectra. Due to the presence of a vinyl link with a cylindrical π‐cloud on the donor (dimethylamino group) molecule, they showed efficient positive solvatochromism with high quantum yields on increasing solvent polarity from non‐polar to polar solvents. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties were also investigated. AIE studies show that the emission of DBPQ and DIPP derivatives in the presence of THF/H2O mixture increased due to aggregation. However, DBPQ and DIPP derivatives were still strongly emissive in the solid state. Dimethylamino substituted derivatives exhibited acidochromism, which was caused by the addition of TFA and pTsA leading to prominent red‐shifts in the emission spectra owing to the protonation at the pyridine segment.
Ageing patients in forensic psychiatric settings: A review of the literature
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Vӧllm Birgit , Dening Tom
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The prevalence of ageing patients in forensic psychiatric settings is increasing. However, limited research has reported around this population. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesise the current evidence around ageing forensic psychiatric patients.

Methods

The literature was searched through four databases and Google searches. The identified outputs were screened for suitability and assessed for quality. Quantitative data were extracted and analysed on SPSS; qualitative data were extracted and analysed onto NVivo.

Results

Seven studies were included in the review. Quantitative results reported around demographics, service contact, offending patterns, mental, and physical health of ageing patients. Qualitative findings focused on age‐friendliness of services, staff‐patient rapport, activities, security issues, and discharge planning.

Conclusions

Ageing forensic psychiatric patients present with complex and unique needs in relation to treatment, activities, mental, physical, and support. Further research looking at individual patients' needs is paramount to inform policy development and good practice in this area.
Prevalence and Impact of De Novo Donor‐Specific Antibodies During a Multicenter Immunosuppression Withdrawal Trial in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jucaud Vadim , Shaked Abraham , DesMarais Michele , Sayre Peter , Feng Sandy , Levitsky Josh , Everly Matthew J.
Published: September 2018

The development of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor‐specific antibody/antibodies (DSA) is not well described in liver transplant (LT) patients undergoing immunosuppression (IS) withdrawal protocols despite the allograft risk associated with de novo DSA (dnDSA). We analyzed the development of dnDSA in 69 LT patients who received calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy and were enrolled in the ITN030ST study. Of these 69 patients, 40 stable patients were randomized to IS maintenance (n = 9) or IS minimization (n = 31). Nine of the 31 IS minimization patients achieved complete withdrawal and were free of IS. Among patients who achieved stable IS monotherapy 1 year after transplantation, the prevalence of dnDSA was 18.8%. Acute rejections and the biopsy‐proven findings disqualifying patients from IS withdrawal attempt were factors associated with dnDSA development (P = 0.011 and P = 0.041, respectively). Among randomized patients, dnDSA prevalence was 51.7% after IS minimization and 66.7% in IS‐free patients. dnDSA prevalence in patients on IS maintenance was 44.4%. dnDSA development during IS minimization was a risk factor for acute rejection (P = 0.015). The majority of dnDSA were against HLA‐DQ antigens (78.7%). Conclusion. During the first year following transplantation, acute rejections increase the risk of developing dnDSA, so dnDSA positivity should be considered for IS withdrawal eligibility; during IS minimization, dnDSA development was associated with acute rejection, which prevented further IS withdrawal attempts.
UBE3A Suppresses Overnutrition‐Induced Expression of the Steatosis Target Genes of MLL4 by Degrading MLL4
Authors: Kim Janghyun , Lee Bora , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Yeon Jae Gwang , Lee Jeongkyung , Park Younjung , Lee Yuna , Lee Soo‐Kyung , Lee Seunghee , Lee Jae W.
Published: September 2018

Regulation of the protein stability of epigenetic regulators remains ill‐defined despite its potential applicability in epigenetic therapies. The histone H3‐lysine 4‐methyltransferase MLL4 is an epigenetic transcriptional coactivator that directs overnutrition‐induced obesity and fatty liver formation, and Mll4+/‐ mice are resistant to both. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3A targets MLL4 for degradation, thereby suppressing high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced expression of the hepatic steatosis target genes of MLL4. In contrast to Mll4+/‐ mice, Ube3a+/‐ mice are hypersensitive to HFD‐induced obesity and fatty liver development. Ube3a+/‐;Mll4+/‐ mice lose this hypersensitivity, supporting roles of increased MLL4 levels in both phenotypes of Ube3a+/‐ mice. Correspondingly, our comparative studies with wild‐type, Ube3a+/‐ and Ube3a‐/‐ and UBE3A‐overexpressing transgenic mouse livers demonstrate an inverse correlation of UBE3A protein levels with MLL4 protein levels, expression of the steatosis target genes of MLL4, and their decoration by H3‐lysine 4‐monomethylation, a surrogate marker for the epigenetic action of MLL4. Conclusion: UBE3A indirectly exerts an epigenetic regulation of obesity and steatosis by degrading MLL4. This UBE3A‐MLL4 regulatory axis provides a potential therapeutic venue for treating various MLL4‐directed pathogeneses, including obesity and hepatic steatosis.
Association between glucose‐lowering treatment and cancer metastasis among patients with preexisting type 2 diabetes and incident malignancy
Authors: Noh Yoojin , Jeon Sang‐Min , Shin Sooyoung
Published: September 2018

Preclinical data suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors may promote metastatic progression of preexisting cancer via nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) activation. We aimed to investigate the association between different glucose‐lowering treatments, including DPP‐4 inhibitors and metformin, both with potential NRF2 modulating effects, and new‐onset metastatic cancer among type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid incident cancer. This population‐based cohort study included 223,530 diabetic patients newly diagnosed with primary cancer during 2009–2011 in Korea. The patients were categorized into five study cohorts in accordance with treatment modalities during the follow‐up until the end of 2016: no‐antidiabetic drugs (no‐AD), metformin, DPP‐4 inhibitors, metformin+DPP‐4 inhibitors, and insulin treatment. After propensity score (PS) matching in a 1:1 ratio against the no‐AD group, 18,805 patients in metformin, 1,865 in DPP‐4 inhibitors, 31,074 in metformin+DPP‐4 inhibitors, and 1,895 patients in insulin groups were identified for cohort entry and analyzed against the corresponding number of no‐AD patients in each PS‐matched comparison pair. Metastatic risk was lower with metformin plus or minus DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.90 and 0.87, 0.80–0.95, respectively), not significantly associated with DPP‐4 inhibitors (0.99, 0.77–1.29) except after thyroid cancer (3.89, 1.01–9.64), and higher with insulin therapy (1.81, 1.46–2.24) compared to no‐AD use for all cancers combined. In conclusion, DPP‐4 inhibitor therapy was not associated with significant risk of cancer metastasis relative to no‐AD therapy, irrespective of patient age and sex, except after thyroid cancer, while metastatic risk was decreased with metformin treatment among type 2 diabetes patients with preexisting cancer.
From Metal‐Metal Bonding to Supra‐Metal‐Metal Bonding Directed Self‐Assembly: Supramolecular Architectures of Group 10 and 11 Metals with Ligands from Mono‐ to Poly‐Pyrazoles
Authors: Yu Shu‐Yan , Lu Hong‐Lin
Published: September 2018

The supramolecular architectures of pyrazole ligands with polynuclear metal centers have established a wide variety of constructing motifs. This review focuses on the metal‐metal bonding and Supra‐Metal‐Metal Bonding directed self‐assembly of supramolecular architectures of pyrazole ligands ranging from simple mono‐pyrazoles and derivatives to bipyrazoles and polypyrazoles with group 10 and 11 elements. The utility of the constructing motifs (μ‐pyrazolato‐N,N′)2 doubly‐bridged dimetal corners in the metal‐metal‐bonding directed self‐assembly approaches with spontaneous deprotonation from bipyrazole to tripyrazole and tetrapyrazolyl calix[4]arene ligands, metallomacrocyclic and cage‐like complexes have been synthesized. The proton switching programmable self‐assembly strategy using pyrazole‐based bifunctional ligands has been developed by Yu. They have obtained organic homo‐ or hetero‐metallic supramolecular complexes from macrocycles, cages, to one dimensional polymers.
Prevalence and risk factors for urinary tract infection following stress urinary incontinence surgery with two midurethral sling procedures
Authors: Paz‐Levy Dorit , Weintraub Adi Y. , Reuven Yonatan , Yohay Zehava , Idan Inbal , Elharar Debi , Yohay David
Published: September 2018

Objective

To compare prevalence and risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) following midurethral sling surgery with either the GYNECARE ABBREVO Continence System (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) or a standard transobturator.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among women who underwent midurethral sling surgery to treat stress urinary incontinence at a single tertiary hospital in Israel between January 1, 2014, and August 11, 2015. Data were retrieved from medical records. The diagnosis of UTI was based on a positive urine culture result.

Results

Of 178 patients included, 30 (16.9%) underwent the ABBREVO procedure and 148 (83.1%) underwent the standard transobturator procedure. The mean ± SD BMI at the time of surgery was 28.1 ± 4.5 for the standard transobturator procedures and 30.7 ± 15.2 for the ABBREVO procedures. Women who underwent the ABBREVO procedure had an increased duration of hospitalization (P=0.004), and higher rates of concomitant anterior colporrhaphy procedures (P=0.009) and concomitant hysterectomy (P=0.009). Only 38 (21.3%) women developed UTIs within 12 months of surgery (seven in the ABBREVO procedure group and 31 in the standard transobturator procedure group). No statistically significant between‐group differences were found for the risk of UTI or for urinary tract adverse events, such as recurrent UTI and the need for rehospitalization.

Conclusions

The two procedures were comparable in terms of prevalence and risk factors for UTI during the postoperative period.
Powerful Participatory Literacy for English Learners
Authors: Brown Clara Lee , Schell Robin , Ni Mei
Published: September 2018

The authors showcase critical, participatory literacy as a motivator for English learners’ literacy development. The urban middle school English learners reported in this narrative metamorphosed from reluctant to empowered writers when they inserted themselves into the local politics of school district zoning. Their investment in the zoning issue provided a base for learning argumentative writing as part of state English language arts standards. The students experienced writing as an action that brings about change after receiving a personal response from the superintendent of the school district: a profound realization that the way they view the world matters. Most important, they learned that as active participants, their voices can contribute to the making of a just society.
Industrial‐scale fabrication of an osteogenic and antibacterial PLA/silver‐loaded calcium phosphate composite with significantly reduced cytotoxicity
Authors: Cai Shaobo , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Loboa Elizabeth G.
Published: September 2018

In this study, we report an industrial‐scale fabrication method of a multifunctional polymer composite as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. This study successfully demonstrated the potential of applying industrial polymer processing technologies to produce specially functionalized tissue engineering scaffolds. With the inclusion of a newly synthesized multifunctional additive, silver‐doped‐calcium phosphate (silver‐CaP), the composite material exhibited excellent osteogenic inducibility of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASC) and satisfactory antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, relative to previously reported methods of direct loading silver particles into polymeric materials, our composite exhibited significantly reduced silver associated cytotoxicity. The enhanced biocompatibility could be a significant advantage for materials to be used for regenerative medicine applications where clinical safety is a major consideration. The impact of different silver loading methodologies on hASC’ osteogenic differentiation was also studied. Overall, the results of this study indicate a promising alternative approach to produce multifunctional scaffolds at industrial‐scale with higher throughput, lower cost, and enhanced reproducibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 900–910, 2019.
Membranous subaortic stenosis coexisting with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Xiao‐dong Li , Xin‐yao Liu , Hui Xu , Xiao‐cong Wang
Published: September 2018

Subaortic stenosis (SAS) is a congenital heart disease, and its association with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is very rare and clinically underappreciated. We report here a case of a 45‐year‐old female who was admitted to our hospital with chest tightness and shortness of breath. Both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy and a membrane‐like echo below the level of the aortic valve. This patient was diagnosed with membranous SAS with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Screening of her immediate family members revealed that her son also had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patient chose conservative treatments and has been closely followed‐up after discharge.
Relationship of Seminal Megavesicles, Prostate Median Cysts, and Genotype in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , Stephens Chelsea J. , Blumenfeld Jon D. , Behzadi Ashkan Heshmatzadeh , Donahue Stephanie , Bobb Warren O. , Newhouse Jeffrey H. , Rennert Hanna , Zhao Yize , Prince Martin R.
Published: September 2018

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can involve prostate and seminal vesicles but the potential interrelationship of these findings and associations with PKD gene mutation locus and type is unknown.

Purpose

To determine the interrelationship of seminal megavesicles (seminal vesicles with lumen diameter > 10mm) and prostatic cysts in ADPKD and to determine whether there are associations with PKD gene mutations.

Study Type

Retrospective, case control.

Population

Male ADPKD subjects (n = 92) with mutations in PKD1 (n = 71; 77%) or PKD2 (n = 21; 23%), and age/gender‐matched controls without ADPKD (n = 92).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T, axial/coronal T2‐weighted MR images.

Assessment

Reviewers blinded to genotype independently measured seminal vesicle lumen diameter and prevalence of cysts in prostate, kidney, and liver.

Statistical Tests

Nonparametric tests for group comparisons and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify associations of megavesicles and prostate median cysts with mutations and renal/hepatic cyst burden.

Results

Seminal megavesicles were found in 23 of 92 ADPKD (25%) subjects with PKD1 (22/71, 31%) or PKD2 (n = 1/21, 5%) mutations, but in only two control subjects (P < 0.0001). Prostate median cysts were found in 17/92 (18%) ADPKD subjects, compared with only 6/92 (7%) controls (P = 0.01), and were correlated with seminal vesicle diameters (ρ = 0.24, P = 0.02). Nonmedian prostate cyst prevalence was identical between ADPKD and controls (7/92, 8%). After adjusting for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and height‐adjusted total kidney volume, ADPKD subjects with megavesicles were 10 times more likely to have a PKD1 than a PKD2 mutation. Among PKD1 subjects, seminal megavesicles occurred more frequently with nontruncating mutations with less severe kidney involvement.

Data Conclusion

ADPKD is associated with prostate median cysts near ejaculatory ducts. These cysts correlate with seminal megavesicles (dilated to >10 mm) which predict a 10‐fold greater likelihood of PKD1 vs. PKD2 mutation. Cysts elsewhere in the prostate are not related to ADPKD.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:894–903.
Characterizing Structural Changes With Evolving Remyelination Following Experimental Demyelination Using High Angular Resolution Diffusion MRI and Texture Analysis
Authors: Luo Tim , Oladosu Olayinka , Rawji Khalil S. , Zhai Peng , Pridham Glen , Hossain Shahnewaz , Zhang Yunyan
Published: September 2018

Background

Changes in myelin integrity are associated with the pathophysiology of many neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis. However, noninvasive measurement of myelin injury and repair remains challenging. Advanced MRI techniques including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density index (NODDI), and texture analysis have shown promise in quantifying subtle abnormalities in white matter structure.

Purpose

To determine whether and how these advanced imaging methods help understand remyelination changes after demyelination using a mouse model.

Study Type

Prospective, longitudinal.

Animal Model

Demyelination was induced in the thoracic spinal cord of 21 mice using the chemical toxin lysolecithin.

Field Strength/Sequences

9.4T

Assessment

Imaging was done at day 7 (demyelination) and days 14 to 35 (ongoing remyelination) postsurgery, followed by histology. Image analysis focused on both lesions and peri‐lesional areas where remyelination began. In histology, we quantified the complexity of tissue alignment using angular entropy, in addition to staining area.

Statistical Analysis

Two‐way analysis of variance was performed for assessing differences between tissue types and across timepoints, followed by post‐hoc analysis to correct for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).

Results

All diffusion and texture parameters were worse in lesions than the control tissue (P < 0.05) except orientation dispersion index (ODI) and neurite density index (NDI) over late remyelination. Longitudinally, ODI decreased and NDI increased persistently in both lesions and peri‐lesion regions (P < 0.05). Fractional anisotropy showed a mild decrease at day 35 after increase, when lesion texture heterogeneity showed a trend to decrease (P > 0.05). Both lesion size and angular entropy decreased over time, and no change in any measure in the control tissue.

Data Conclusion

Diffusion and MRI texture metrics may provide compensatory information on myelin repair and ODI and NDI could be sensitive measures of evolving remyelination, deserving further validation.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1750–1759.
Prevalence and resource utilization for vocal fold paralysis/paresis after esophagectomy
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Tong Betty C. , Lee Hui‐Jie , Song Yao , Harpole David H. , Jones Harrison N. , Cohen Seth
Published: September 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Vocal fold paralysis/paresis (VFP) is an uncommon but serious complication following esophagectomy. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the prevalence of VFP and associated complications after esophagectomy in the United States, and 2) determine the utilization and otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery/speech‐language pathology (OHNS/SLP) and predictors of such utilization in the management of these patients.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, patients undergoing esophagectomy between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Subcohorts of patients with VFP and OHNS/SLP utilization were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as complications; generalized linear models were used to compare total hospital charges and length of stay (LOS).

Results

We studied 10,896 discharges, representing a weighted estimate of 52,610 patients undergoing esophagectomy. The incidence of VFP after esophagectomy was 1.96%. Compared to those without VFP, patients with VFP had a higher incidence of postoperative pneumonia, more medical complications, and were more likely to undergo tracheostomy; hospital charges and LOS were also higher. Of the patients with VFP, 35.0% received OHNS/SLP intervention.

Conclusions

VFP after esophagectomy is associated with postoperative complications, prolonged LOS, and higher hospital costs. OHNS/SLP intervention occurred in roughly one‐third of postesophagectomy VFP patients, suggesting there may be opportunities for enhanced evaluation and management of these patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 128:2815–2822, 2018
Patient‐reported olfaction improves following outside‐in Draf III frontal sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wong Eugene H. , Do Timothy Q. , Harvey Richard J. , Orgain Carolyn A. , Sacks Raymond , Kalish Larry
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The Draf III frontal sinusotomy is an established surgical procedure with an important role in the surgical management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In 2012, the outside‐in approach to the Draf III was described as a safe and efficient procedure. Smell recovery in inflammatory CRS is challenging, and to date there is limited evidence suggesting that Draf III improves patient‐reported olfactory dysfunction from CRS.

Methods

A consecutive series of patients who underwent an outside‐in Draf III for inflammatory CRS by a single, tertiary rhinologist were reviewed. Patients were excluded if the Draf III was performed for noninflammatory conditions. Postoperatively, patients were maintained on long‐term corticosteroid irrigations, and adherence was assessed. Prospectively collected data included patient demographics, a visual analogue scale for smell, overall Sinonasal Outcome Test Score (SNOT‐22), global nasal function score, and a clinician‐graded clinical outcome score.

Results

One hundred and four patients (41.1% female) aged 54 ± 12 years underwent an outside‐in Draf III. The median follow‐up time was 30.6 months (range 12.2–72.1). The majority of patients rated their smell loss as moderate or worse preoperatively; however, this was significantly improved at postoperative review (71.2% vs. 27.6%; Kendall tau‐b, P < 0.01). The SNOT‐22 score improved after surgery (2.32 ± 1.09 vs. 0.78 ± 0.69, P < 0.0001). Medication adherence was significantly associated with improved clinical outcome score (Kendall tau‐b, P < 0.004). Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease was found to be a significant risk factor predicting poor clinical outcome on univariate analysis (Odds Ratio = 4.69 (1.03–21.2), P = 0.04).

Conclusion

The outside‐in Draf III appears to facilitate sustained, meaningful improvement in several self‐reported outcomes, including smell. However, further study and comparison to less aggressive surgery will be required to confirm its true benefit.

Level of Evidence

Level 4 Laryngoscope, 129:25–30, 2019
Readmission after surgery for oropharyngeal cancer: An analysis of rates, causes, and risk factors
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Badran Karam W. , Mendelsohn Abie H. , Chhetri Dinesh K. , Sercarz Joel A. , Blackwell Keith E. , John Maie A. St. , Long Jennifer L.
Published: September 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Determine the rate, diagnoses, and risk factors associated with 30‐day nonelective readmissions for patients undergoing surgery for oropharyngeal cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We analyzed the Nationwide Readmissions Database for patients who underwent oropharyngeal cancer surgery between 2010 and 2014. Rates and causes of 30‐day readmissions were determined. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission.

Results

Among 16,902 identified cases, the 30‐day, nonelective readmission rate was 10.2%, with an average cost per readmission of $14,170. The most common readmission diagnoses were postoperative bleeding (14.1%) and wound complications (12.6%) (surgical site infection [8.6%], dehiscence [2.3%], and fistula [1.7%]). On multivariate regression, significant risk factors for readmission were major ablative surgery (which included total glossectomy, pharyngectomy, and mandibulectomy) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06‐1.60), advanced Charlson/Deyo comorbidity (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.43‐2.79), history of radiation (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.17), Medicare (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.69) or Medicaid (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.32‐2.50) payer status, index admission from the emergency department (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.40), and length of stay ≥6 days (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19‐2.08).

Conclusions

In this large database analysis, we found that approximately one in 10 patients undergoing surgery for oropharyngeal cancer is readmitted within 30 days. Procedural complexity, insurance status, and advanced comorbidity are independent risk factors, whereas postoperative bleeding and wound complications are the most common reasons for readmission.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 129:910–918, 2019
‘Decoupling’ land productivity and greenhouse gas footprints: A review
Authors: Wang Li , Cutforth Herb , Lal Rattan , Chai Qiang , Zhao Cai , Gan Yantai , Siddique Kadambot H.M.
Published: September 2018

A major challenge of our time is to produce sufficient nutrient‐rich food for the ever‐growing human population with limited land resources. There is a huge gap between current yields and genetic potential in many crops, which can be narrowed by enhancing land productivity. High‐input cropping increases crop yields, but heavy fertilizer and pesticide use can lead to land degradation, increase greenhouse gas footprint, and carry significant risks for eutrophication. What efforts can be taken to ‘decouple’ land productivity and the environmental footprint? Can land productivity increase while concurrently minimizing the environmental footprint? Here, we show that an integrated systems approach can minimize the tradeoff to achieve an effective ‘decoupling’ outcome. Some key components that can be integrated into a system include (i) intensifying crop rotations to enhance carbon conversion from atmospheric CO2 to plant biomass, (ii) diversifying cropping systems to enhance residual soil water and nutrient use and increase systems resilience, (iii) including N2‐fixing pulse crops in rotations to reduce synthetic fertilizer use, (iv) improving fertilizer‐N use efficiency to lower N2O emissions, and (v) sequestering more carbon to the soil to potentially offset CO2 equivalent emissions from cropping inputs. Integration of these proven cropping practices into a system creates a powerful synergy among individual components, thereby improving land productivity and systems resilience for long‐term sustainability. Relevant economic and agro‐environmental policies are needed to reinforce the adoption of a systems approach at the local farm level.
Inter‐annual variations over a decade of primary production of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Champenois W. , Borges A. V.
Published: September 2018

We acquired quasi‐continuous measurements of community gross primary production (GPP) by mass balance of O2 measured on a mooring, from August 2006 to October 2016 over a Posidonia oceanica meadow (10 m depth) in the Bay of Revellata (Corsica). Over the 2006–2016 period, annual GPP averaged 88 molO2 m−2 yr−1 and ranged from 61 to 108 molO2 m−2 yr−1. The 2 yr with the lowest annual GPP (2007 and 2015) were characterized by a low occurrence of fall–winter storms, probably leading to the accumulation of leaf litter in fall and early winter; we hypothesize this might have led to occultation of benthic macro‐algae. Among the other years, the inter‐annual variability of GPP was related to changes during the February–August period, as GPP was repeatable among years during the September–January period. For the February–August period, inter‐annual variations of GPP were correlated to chlorophyll a (Chl a), solar radiation (SR) and water temperature. Computed phytoplankton GPP corresponded to a small fraction of community GPP, so the relation between GPP and Chl a probably reflected inter‐annual variations of a common driver that we hypothesize to be nutrient inputs. The correlation of GPP with SR shows that light availability contributed to inter‐annual variations of the development of P. oceanica. The positive relation between GPP and temperature was consistent with the fact that the observed temperatures in the Bay of Revellata were during the study period within the comfort range for the growth of P. oceanica, despite an increase of water temperature of 0.7°C.
Generation of Multi‐Gigahertz Trains of Phase‐Coherent Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Ti:Sapphire Waveguides
Authors: Grivas Christos , Ismaeel Rand , Corbari Costantino , Huang Chung‐Che , Hewak Dan W. , Lagoudakis Pavlos , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: September 2018

Miniature lasers producing ultrashort phase‐coherent pulses at high repetition rates by stable mode‐locking in ambient conditions can offer unique capabilities in various applications, spanning from microwave photonics to telecom and biological imaging techniques. Here, the operation of graphene mode‐locked lasers based on channel waveguides written by femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses in Ti:sapphire crystals is demonstrated. Trains of pulses of 41.4 fs duration at a 21.25 GHz repetition rate are generated by capitalizing on the formation of solitons in their monolithic resonators through Gires–Tournois interferometers. The latter, allow for effective pulse shaping via tuning of the intracavity group delay dispersion while simultaneously enabling ultralow laser operating thresholds. A number of features of these sources, including their high‐brightness and broad bandwidth, are essential ingredients for achieving high longitudinal resolution and sensitivity, which are the primary performance metrics of the Fourier domain/spectral domain variant of optical coherence tomography systems. A further doubling of the laser repetition rate to 42.5 GHz is achieved by coherent pulse interleaving in optical fiber technology, thereby underlining the potential of the Ti:sapphire waveguide lasers to produce highly stable, wide‐spaced combs of phase‐coherent optical frequency lines.
Amphiregulin enhances cell migration and resistance to doxorubicin in chondrosarcoma cells through the MAPK pathway
Authors: Chen Jui‐Chieh , Huang Cheng , Lee I‐Neng , Wu Yu‐Ping , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: September 2018

Chondrosarcoma is characterized by the ability to produce extracellular matrix of cartilage. Curative surgical resection becomes difficult when high‐grade chondrosarcoma metastasizes to other parts of the body. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been widely used clinically to treat many different types of cancers, including chondrosarcomas. However, chondrosarcoma is often resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New systemic treatment regimens are needed to improve the prognosis. Amphiregulin (AR) has been reported to be involved in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of AR on cell migration and Dox sensitivity. To gain insight into the mechanisms used by AR to mediate its effects, we generated two chondrosarcoma cell lines, migration‐prone JJ012 and Dox‐resistant SW1353, to analyze the relationship between AR levels and cell functions. AR was highly expressed and secreted in mobile and drug‐resistant cells. Next, we used the lentivirus‐mediated RNAi system to knock down AR expression and found that AR silencing was significantly attenuated in cell migration and drug resistance. In addition, we used exogenous recombinant AR (r‐AR) to confirm cell function and we introduced antibody array analysis to investigate pathways of AR activation. The results showed that AR can promote migratory activity and Dox resistance through activation of the MAPK pathway. Whereas the inhibition of the MAPK pathway has the potential to inhibit chondrosarcoma cell migration, p38 inhibition, and ERK activation may render cells more sensitive to Dox. These findings suggest that combining AR with MAPK blockade may effectively treat chondrosarcoma.