bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new self-adaptive magneto-rheological damper for washing machines
Authors: Bui Quoc-Duy , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Hoang Long-Vuong , Mai Duc-Dai
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with a novel self-adaptive magneto-rheological (MR) damper in shear-mode which can control vibrations of washing machines more effectively than commercial passive dampers. The damper comprises a shaft and a housing sliding relatively on a gap filled with MR fluid (MRF). Permanent magnets are fastened on the two shaft ends leaving a middle plain shaft part. The greater the vibration the more magnets enter the MRF region, which results in a higher damping force to attenuate the vibration. Compared with conventional and self-powered MR dampers, the proposed damper has much lower cost for commercial ability since it can itself adjust damping levels corresponding to external vibratory excitations without any control equipment or power unit. It also has simple and compact structure (no magnetic coils), which facilitate manufacturing and maintenance. Another remarkableness of the proposed MR damper is its displacement-dependent damping characteristic which extremely conforms to operation of washing machines. After an overview of the state of the art of vibration control for washing machines, the proposed self-adaptive MR damper is configured. Major geometry of the proposed damper is then optimized to satisfy production cost, size, installation space, off-state force and desired damping force. Based on the obtained optimal solutions, detailed design of the damper is performed and two damper prototypes are manufactured. The dampers are then installed in a prototype washing machine for testing and their experimental performances are compared with conventional passive dampers.
Damage localization in fiberglass-reinforced composites using laser induced graphene
Authors: Groo LoriAnne , Nasser Jalal , Inman Daniel , Sodano Henry
Published: January 2021

Current in situ piezoresistive damage detection techniques for fiberglass-reinforced composites are limited in widespread application as they require complex processing techniques which inhibit the scalability of the methods. To eradicate such challenges and expand the use of piezoresistive monitoring of fiberglass composites, this work utilizes a simple, scalable process to coat electrically insulating commercial fiberglass prepreg with piezoresistive laser induced graphene (LIG) for the detection and localization of damage. Recently, LIG has attracted substantial research attention due to the simplicity of the methodology and the piezoresistance of the LIG. Here, the LIG is transfer printed onto commercial fiberglass prepreg which is subsequently used to localize damage in all three dimensions of the resultant fiberglass-reinforced composites while also maintaining the structural properties of the composites. A combination of in situ and ex-situ resistance measurements are used to accomplish this objective: First, in situ measurements are used to determine the relative location of damage in one-dimension under tensile loading. Subsequently, separate in situ measurements are used to locate damage through the thickness under flexural loading. Finally, ex-situ methods are used to calculate the two-dimensional location of a hole in a plate. The LIG is found to reliably and accurately localize the damage to the composite in each case thus demonstrating for the first time that transfer printed LIG enables self-sensing of damage location in fiberglass composites. The result of this work is thus a multifunctional material capable of locating damage in all three-dimensions which is notably fabricated using commercial materials and scalable methodology.
Electron choreography at the attosecond time scale
Authors: Unzicker B , Vaughan J , Burrows S , Tatum B , Arthur D , Olsson T , Jain S , Hart T , Stringer P , Laurent G M
Published: January 2021

In this work, we report on coherent control of electron dynamics in atoms via attosecond pulse-shaping. We show that the photoelectron emission from argon gas produced by absorption of an attosecond pulse train (APT) made of odd and even harmonics can be manipulated along the direction of polarization of the light by tuning the spectral components (amplitude and phase) of the pulse. In addition, we show that APTs produced with a two-color (400- plus 800 nm) femtosecond driving field exhibit high temporal tunability, which is optimized for an intensity ratio between the two colors in the range of 0.1 to 5%.
The analysis of coherent phenomena for both linear and non-linear interactions in a four-level ladder (Ξ)-type configuration using density matrix formalism in dressed state representation
Authors: Laskar Rejjak , Hossain Md Mabud , Saha Jayanta K
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a theoretical study of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) phenomena in a four-level ladder (Ξ)-type configuration formed by two coupling and one probe laser fields using density matrix formalism in dressed state representation (DSR). The DSR is followed by the analytical solution of the optical Bloch equations (OBEs) under density matrix formalism in bare state representation (BSR). The density matrix elements are presented in both linear and non-linear interaction regimes under DSR. The concept of transfer of population (TOP) mechanism has been shown by calculating the different transition probabilities in DSR. It has been found that the population in a particular dressed state is greatly enhanced by increasing the strength of coupling field and played a key role to manipulate the induced coherence between different energy levels. The present theoretical model of DSR offers an excellent interpretation of the formation of EIT, EIA and conversion from EIT to EIA in both linear and third order non-linear probe absorption profiles. Besides, the dispersion profiles in both linear and non-linear interaction regimes have also been studied and the conversion of normal to anomalous dispersion profile which drastically modifies the optical responses of the medium has been discussed. We have found that the amplitudes of the coherent signals are more sensitive to the third order non-linear interaction compared to first order linear interaction.
Beta-tricalcium phosphate promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through macrophages
Authors: Zheng Mengting , Weng Mengjia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Ruomei , Tong Qian , Chen Zhenqi
Published: January 2021

Macrophages are vital regulators of skeletal remodeling and osseous repair. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a synthetic ceramic biomaterial that has shown promise as bone substitute. However, whether and how β-TCP affects osteogenesis-related responses of macrophages has rarely been studied. The aims of this study were to explore (a) the effects of β-TCP on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) co-cultured with macrophages and (b) on macrophage polarization as well as macrophage gene and protein expression profiles. BMSC osteogenic differentiation capacity in vitro was enhanced in β-TCP-induced co-cultured BMSCs compared to that in BMSC monocultures. We also found that macrophages induced with 25 mg ml−1
β-TCP extract had more significant immune responses and switched to the M2 phenotype. Expression levels of the Wnt signaling pathway modulators wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 6 (WNT6) and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in macrophages treated with β-TCP extract. Our findings suggest that β-TCP enhances osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by inducing macrophage polarization and by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential for bone healing through osteoimmunomodulatory properties.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of polymer (amino acid and glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite for bone repair
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Li Li , Zhu Hui , Yan Lin , Zhu Sudi , Yan Yonggang
Published: January 2021

A composite of hydroxyapatite (HA) and polymers prepared from amino acids and glycolic acid (PAG) was synthesized using an in situ melting polycondensation method. The in vitro degradability and bioactivity of the composite were evaluated, as well as its in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility based on subcutaneous and osseous implantation of samples in New Zealand white rabbits for 8 weeks. The results showed that the PAG/HA composite had higher degradability than PAG and showed a typical apatite morphology after immersion in simulated body fluid for 5 d. Both the PAG/HA composite and PAG alone showed excellent in vitro biocompatibility. In the rabbit model, PAG/HA composite could induce formation of new bone tissue after 4 weeks implantation, mainly owing to the excellent in vivo bioactivity of the implant. These results suggest that PAG/HA composites have the potential to guide bone regeneration and could be used as biodegradable biomaterials for bone repair.
Monitoring and moderating extreme indoor temperatures in low-income urban communities
Authors: Wilby R L , Kasei R , Gough K V , Amankwaa E F , Abarike M , Anderson N J , Codjoe S N A , Griffiths P , Kaba C , Abdullah K , Kayaga S , Matthews T , Mensah P , Murphy C , Yankson P W K
Published: January 2021

Climate change presents significant threats to human health, especially for low-income urban communities in the Global South. Despite numerous studies of heat stress, surprisingly little is known about the temperatures actually encountered by people in their homes, or the benefits of affordable adaptations. This paper examines indoor air temperature measurements gathered from 47 living rooms within eight low-income communities of Accra and Tamale, Ghana. Using multiple temperature indices and a tiered analysis, we evaluate indoor temperature variations linked to roof type, ceiling insulation, presence of fans, and tree shade, for different housing types and locations. Our data reveal indoor temperatures in the range 22.4 °C to 45.9 °C for Accra, and 22.2 °C to 43.0 °C in Tamale. Using dummy regression analysis, we find that tree shade reduces the number of very hot days (>40 °C) and nights (>30 °C) by about 12 and 15 d per year, respectively. Building materials also strongly moderate indoor temperatures but in opposing ways: rooms with traditional mud walls and thatch roofs are on average 4.5 °C cooler than rooms in concrete block houses with uninsulated metal roofs during the day but are 1.5 °C warmer at night; rooms with ceiling insulation are on average 6.9 °C cooler in the day but 1.4 °C warmer at night. We conclude that sub-daily data are necessary for reporting extreme indoor temperatures, and that trade-offs between minimum and maximum temperatures require interventions to be assessed carefully before attempting to counter extreme heat inside homes.
Arctic tourism development: comparative study of Murmansk region and Norway
Authors: Kikkas Kseniia N , Sosnina Maria N , Rubtsova Anna V
Published: January 2021

The study focuses on tourism development in the Arctic on the example of Murmansk Region, Russia, and Norway. The study quantified the tourism industry in Murmansk Region and Norway, proposed a tourism development model in the form of a system of econometric equations, estimated prospects for the Arctic tourism in Norway using the above-mentioned model, analysed positive developments in Norwegian tourism, and presented recommendations aimed at improving Arctic tourism in Murmansk Region, Russia.
Transport factors in the long-term development of the eastern part of the Arctic zone of Russia
Authors: Ya Baklanov P , Moshkov A V , Romanov M T , Tkachenko G G
Published: January 2021

The authors consider the importance of the transport factor in the development of new territories and formation and functioning of territorial socio-economic systems in the East of the Arctic zone of Russia. Transport links are primary in the development of socio-economic systems, since mastering of a territory and the formation of the corresponding territorial systems begin with them. The features of the natural resource potential of the East of the Arctic zone of Russia as the basis of its economic activity are highlighted. In this regard, a certain similarity was noted between the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia in their industrial production specialization i.e. mining of non-ferrous and precious metals are present in all regions. The basic functions of all modes of transport for the East of the Arctic zone of Russia are shown. The specific role of transport factors in mastering of natural resources in the Arctic regions is also recognized. To ensure integrated long-term (sustainable) development of the East of the Arctic zone, it is proposed to consider a promising option for the construction of the Arctic Railway from the Anadyr and Beringovsky settlements along the Arctic coast to Tiksi, Norilsk, and Novy Urengoy. The proposed Arctic railway will become a powerful regional factor. On the one hand, it will have a great impact on the development of supporting economic centers on the coast, both existing and new. On the other hand, it will sharply increase the adaptive potential of the population living in this zone. At the same time, effective complementarity of the developing Northern Sea Route by rail can be achieved. All that will become important prerequisites for the long-term development of the Arctic zone of Russian Far East.
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LABOUR RESOURCES AS A CONDITION FOR THE SAFE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC LATITUDES
Authors: Tatiana Bashkireva , Anastasia Bashkireva , Morozov Alexander , Baykova Larisa
Published: January 2021

The paper provides an analysis of the problems of vocational education and professional health of specialists who carry out their labour activities in the conditions of development of the Arctic latitudes. It understood that the low level of training of specialists, the lack of information on medical, environmental, educational and professional monitoring, could lead to technological disasters due to the human factor, which is unacceptable in the Arctic. The solution to the problem of vocational education of labour resources, their moral and ethical responsibility are extremely important in the implementation of biomedical, psychological, psychological, social health monitoring, which will rationally solve the issues of training specialists for work in extreme conditions of the Arctic latitudes.
Deformation features of cross-glued wooden panel structures for northern construction
Authors: Romanov P G , Sivtsev P V
Published: January 2021

Cross-glued wood panels are used in various areas of construction. In recent years, such panels are widely used in multi-storey panel and multi-storey frame construction. The use of panels in multi-storey residential and public construction is based on such an important natural property of wood as dissipativity - the ability to absorb a wide range of dynamic effects, including seismic effects.

The structural form of buildings in modern high-rise construction is based mainly on a steel or reinforced concrete frame. High-rise buildings on a frame made of wooden glued elements, with wooden outer and inner panels began to be introduced into the construction practice 15 years ago. To date, residential and public buildings made of wooden cross-glued panels have been built in many countries of Europe and in the USA, Canada, Australia.

It can be expected that in high-rise construction, the share of residential and public buildings with the use of wooden glued structures will increase, and will stabilize over time in an objectively justified indicator. The demand for wooden high-rise construction will be determined, among other factors, by the seismicity of the construction areas.
Certain results of agrolandscape zoning in the south of Central Siberia
Authors: Lysanova G I
Published: January 2021

The article considers the results of landscape and agrolandscape mapping of the south of Central Siberia at a scale of 1: 1 000 000. Landscape mapping displays and records information on diversity, integration, dynamics and evolution of conditionally natural and anthropogenically modified geosystems. The mapping of natural landscapes is based on the theory of geosystems by V.B. Sochava and the principles of building a hierarchical structure of geomers. The study implements a unified classification, which is based on a system-hierarchical approach to identifying the landscape taxa subordination, taking into account the territory location in the system of physical and geographical zoning. We identified and characterized more than 200 groups of facies, combined into 42 classes of facies, 12 groups of geomes in the area under consideration. Agricultural landscape studies were carried out on the basis of landscape mapping data. The methodology was developed in accordance with the work specifics aimed at studying agricultural landscapes and analyzing the agro-natural potential of geosystems. Characteristics of agricultural landscapes include data related to both natural and agricultural blocks. The internal structure of natural components (relief and soil) and the features of the external environment (zonal-provincial geographical position, agro-climatic resources) have been investigated. Types of agricultural use (types of crop rotation and agrotechnical complex) and the average long-term yield for individual crops are taken into account. The relationship features between the differentiation of natural conditions and farming was established, and the territorial differentiation of agricultural landscapes was revealed.
The effect of imbalance in resource management on regional social economic development
Authors: Sharf I V , Mikhalchuk A A
Published: January 2021

Socio-economic consequences in oil-producing regions are defined by the balance in subsoil use developed under the influence of different factors. The research hypothesis suggests that imbalances in resource management, the key criterion of which is a balance between reserve addition and oil recovery, differentially influence the social and economic development of the regions involved, the choice of which is conditioned by similarity of geologic, industrial and economic criteria. The research methods are descriptive statistics, variance analysis (ANOVA), Cobb-Douglas regression function, Data Envelopment Analysis with MPI (Malmquist productivity index). The research results have shown that the part of reserve addition and oil recovery in per capita gross regional product vary from negative to positive, which is explained by the degree of depletion and exploration of a field and is a result of the effect of existing institutional environment. According to the DEA method, the efficient boundaries are formed by the Russian Federation entities where the potential of oil-and-gas industry has not been fully used as a driving force of socio-economic development, which is supported by the results of the Cobb-Douglas regression model and variance analysis. The research results are an additional confirmation of interregional imbalance in socio-economic development, one of the factors of which is an imbalance in resource management.
On the issue of reindustrialization of the border regions in the East of Russia
Authors: Glazyrina I P , Latysheva M A
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the prospects for the resumption of lithium production in the Trans-Baikal Territory, which can become one of the important “growth points” in the process of reindustrialization and, at the same time, will create new opportunities for improving the standard of living in the East of Russia. The resumption of production of lithium-containing products in Russia contributes to the formation of production chains, the products of which are fundamentally important for the spatial development of the regions in the country’s East. Domestic production of lithium for the development of renewable energy sources will make it possible to take a significant step in solving the accumulated environmental problems. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in the prices of lithium-containing products on the world market. It is caused by the dynamic development of several high-tech sectors of the economy, among which the most significant is the production of lithium-ion batteries for the needs of renewable energy and the automotive industry. The high level of prices makes it possible to profitably develop Russian lithium deposits. The resumption of production at the Zavitinskoye field will become an important factor in the development of the Pervomaysky town.
Interactive mapping and ecological educational functions of geosystems of the SPNAs of the Baikal Region
Authors: Myadzelets A V , Luzhkova N M , Li Z
Published: January 2021

Ecological educational functions of geosystems are to be separately highlighted and considered for the scientific substantiation of this work. Information about the ecological educational functions of geosystems is visualized using interactive geoinformation maps of various thematic content. As an example, an interactive map of vegetation “Along Doppelmair’s trail” is presented, which is being developed for one of the remote and closed areas of the Barguzinskii nature reserve of the FSU Zapovednoe Podlemorye. We used both traditional geographic approaches and methods (field research, geobotanical and landscape descriptions) and modern geoinformation technologies (creation of database for every plot on a general landscape basis, interpretation of space images, visualization with infograms, etc.) to create the map. The map shows the characteristic types of vegetation, succession stages of pyrogenic dynamics of forest geosystems that have arisen over a century. The infograms provide information on the places of meeting animals, distribution of plants, features of local landscapes and photographic materials collected during field research. The presented map is one of the ways to popularize environmental protection, solve environmental education issues and represent the educational functions of geosystems. A set of interactive maps of different content is the basis for determining the natural educational potential of geosystems and can be used to improve models of environmental management and nature conservation activities.
Qualitative assessment of the soils of agricultural landscapes in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Kozlova A A , Shpedt A A , Belozertseva I A , Granina N I , Lopatovskaya O G , Kiseleva N D , Kuklina S L , Martynova N A , Lopatina D N , Guzeeva V S , Kucherenko I M , Kusraev K D , Korshunova S A
Published: January 2021

At the current agricultural stage, the development of new approaches and concepts of agriculture are required for a more effective use of the soils of agricultural landscapes. The concept of adaptive-landscape model of agriculture implies the system of soil use aimed at the production based on available economic and material resources and providing agricultural landscape stability and raised soil fertility recovery. The realization of this model is based on the soil and ecological assessment of soils which involves complex research of all natural components. It presupposes qualitative assessment of soils based on the soil-ecological index (SEI), an approach which reflects the natural potential of agricultural lands in points (from 1 to 100). The resulting SEI is the product of soil, climate and agrochemical indices. The indices were calculated using automated electronic systems (AES) developed on the basis of Microsoft Excel. Agricultural soil bonitet calculations for the territory of Eastern Siberia showed significant fluctuations in the SEI. In Krasnoyarsk krai the SEI equaled 14.67-53.77 points, in Irkutsk oblast – 15.13-38.76 points, and in the Republic of Buryatia – 24.78-44.18 points. The SEI of the chernozems in Krasnodar krai, on the contrary, reaches 100 points. The resulting SEI of the agricultural soils in Krasnoyarsk krai is mainly determined by soil and agrochemical indices. However, climate index is beginning to play a more significant role in relation to agricultural soils when determining their SEI in Irkutsk oblast and the Republic of Buryatia.
Russia and China: comparative analysis of ecological and economic development trends
Authors: Zabelina I A
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess the development trends of Russia and China using the colors of growth framework. It allows us to characterize the dynamics of development as “green”, “brown” or “black” growth (or degrowth) in relation to the consequences of economic activity. Based on the data from the World Bank and National statistical services, we evaluated the development trends of these countries, taking into account the resource consumption and environmental pollution. The characteristic of the level of economic development in study is GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in constant prices of 2011. Also, we used the following ecological-economic indicators: eco-intensity of carbon dioxide emission (CO2) and wastewater discharges; energy intensity level of primary energy. The results of calculations showed that both countries had generally “brown” growth in the context of energy consumption. In China, the situation is slightly worse than in Russia. A more positive dynamics is also observed in Russia in terms of CO2 emissions and wastewater discharge. It is shown that ecological-economic development trends of some Eastern border regions of Russia are much worse than at the national level. The results of this study can be used to determine priority directions for development at both the national and regional levels. They can also be taken into account in the process of discussing and making decisions on the implementation of investment projects, including Russian-Chinese initiatives.
Coal-fired power plant and aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Tsybekmitova G Ts
Published: January 2021

Coal industry remains one of the top electric energy sources in the world. Due to the substantial water demand, thermal power plants are built on the coasts of water bodies and rivers, which causes anthropogenic pressure on surface water. Aquatic ecosystems belong to the most vulnerable environmental compartments that reflect changes within the system itself and its watershed. The impact of coal-fired power industry on aquatic ecosystems is investigated on the example of the natural and anthropogenic complex of “Lake Kenon – TPP-1”. Lake Kenon is a natural freshwater lake of the Amur River basin. The results of research on the technoecosystem showed that a coal-fired power plant with incomplete coal combustion pollutes the reservoir. Chemicals enter Lake Kenon with emissions and effluents from TPP-1, ash dump leakages, and the flow of the Kadalinka River. Those affect both macro-and micro-component composition of the water and sediments of Lake Kenon with its hydrobionts accumulating toxic elements. To maintain the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Kenon, it is necessary to isolate surface watercourse of the ash dump leakage and control the flow of substances and energy in the lake and its watershed.
Transformation of the protected areas system of Siberia in 2010-2020
Authors: Kalikhman T P , Battogtokh D
Published: January 2021

By 2020 protected areas in Siberia are represented by all the main categories of various levels of subordination mentioned in the Federal law “On protected areas”, and it also provides for the possibility of creating other categories of protected areas at the discretion of the regions. In particular, in Yakutia there are regional protected areas of the category “resource reserves” and “protected landscapes”, in the Tyumen region – “natural and historical complex” and “environmental monitoring polygon”, which have areas that are important for territorial nature protection. In general, 421 protected areas of the main categories are currently functioning in Siberia, which includes 14 subjects of the Russian Federation, the Siberian federal district and parts of the Far East (the Republics of Sakha(Yakutia) and of Buryatia, the Zabaikalsky kray) and the Ural (Tyumen region with the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi districts). Of these, 58 protected areas of federal significance (27 reserves, 8 national parks, 23 refuges or zakazniks) and 363 protected areas of regional significance (27 natural parks, 272 zakazniks, 63 resource reserves in Yakutia and 1 environmental monitoring site in the Tyumen region). This article examines the dynamics of the protected areas system in Siberia development. The starting point for this research was the creation Atlases of the “Specially Protected Natural Areas of the Siberian Federal district» and “Specially Protected Natural Areas of the Far East Federal district».
Sustainable development of recreational areas in Nizhnevartovsk
Authors: Kuznetsova V P , Kuznetsova E A , Kushanova A U , Sokolov S N
Published: January 2021

This paper reflects an analysis of recreational areas in Nizhnevartovsk with an account of the recreational activities of the local population. The territory of Nizhnevartovsk is situated in hypocomfortable climatic conditions. The local environment is significantly affected by anthropogenic activities, and technogenic landscapes are prevailing. Therefore, it is required to analyze the recreational potential of the territory for the well-planned design of recreational areas and the preservation of outdoor recreational resources. The arrangement of the infrastructure of recreational areas in Nizhnevartovsk is considered to be satisfactory; however, there are some drawbacks to the quality of the road network and street lighting. Furthermore, the organization of leisure activities and services does not fully meet the demands of the city residents. Underdevelopment of recreational areas requires the implementation of certain measures aimed at increasing the number of recreational areas, diversifying the types of recreation, improving the infrastructure of recreational areas, improving hydrographic resources and cleaning water bodies, as well as expanding the number of historical and natural monuments, memorials, places of cultural and historical significance, sports and recreation centers. Seven types of sociocultural recreational resources of urban areas have been identified: sports centers, entertainment centers, cultural and educational centers, public eating places, Russian bathhouses and saunas, shopping and recreation centers, monuments, and historical sites. Sustainable development of recreational areas requires a monitoring program based on GIS technologies that involve the participation of the local community, university students, and students of secondary schools to provide long-term care for green areas.
The effects of modern temperature fluctuations on building heating modes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Maksyutova E V , Bashalkhanova L B
Published: January 2021

The article characterizes trends in duration, mean temperature, and fuel consumption index for the heating periods of 1991-2018 based on the observations at several meteorological stations in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – Verkhoyansk, Yakutsk, and Lensk. It has been show that despite recent climate variation, the heating period remains long due to low temperatures across the territory. A downward trend in the duration of the heating period was observed at the Lensk station, and an increase in the mean temperature was recorded at the Yakutsk station. In recent decades (1991-2018), temperature fluctuations contributed to variation in the fuel consumption index: +7/-11% from the multi-year average in Verkhoyansk, +9/-9% in Yakutsk, and +11/-9% in Lensk. Comparison of the variation in heating fuel consumption index across different time intervals revealed its strong dependence on the number of years and the time period selected for the analysis. A minor increase (2-7%) was found for 1965-2015 vs 1881-1960 data. Analysis of shorter periods-1991-2018 vs 1965-2015 – shows a more pronounced decrease in fuel consumption index (9-11%), mainly due to more frequent anomalies in year-to-year temperature variation. The ongoing climate change increases temperature variation year to year and associated risks for urban heat supply. In order to facilitate safety of human population in Northern territories, a long-term strategy is required to adapt heating energy systems to rapid climate fluctuations.
Assessment of effectiveness of the government livestock support in the Trans-Baikal territory
Authors: Alekseev A M
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of animal husbandry as the main branch of agriculture in the Trans-Baikal territory and the assessment of state support measures in this field. The state pays special attention to the regions with unfavorable climatic conditions that directly affect the development of agriculture, including the Trans-Baikal territory. In the past decade, the situation in the livestock industry has been deteriorating, which is confirmed a decline in production. To develop and improve the situation, both in the region’s agriculture and in certain other sectors, the government of the Trans-Baikal territory has developed a number of programs that include various subprograms. In this article, a special attention is paid to the subroutine related to the livestock industry. Having studied the measures of state support aimed at improving the industry in the remote areas, some negative and positive trends in development were established. Of particular interest are the target indicators for the implementation of activities, which are used to assess the level of effectiveness of implementation. It is concluded that with increased funding, there is no growth in livestock production, and the targets often did not reach the planned values. The Methodology used by the regional authorities to assess the effectiveness of programs (subprograms) is not aimed at the dynamic growth of the industry as a whole.
Environmental problems of the development of transport in the transboundary region as exemplified by the Baikal basin and its cartographic study
Authors: Dashpilov Ts B
Published: January 2021

Geoinformation support in the form of large cartographic atlases of complex content is intended to decide the issue of the Baikal region development, as the Lake Baikal catchment basin has a special nature management regime. Therefore transport maps among other industry maps are important for the analysis of regional development of the region. The compilation of transport maps requires presentation of all objects, processes, phenomena and interactions of the transport complex. In order to streamline the structure of thematic layer formation and the system of cartographic signs for displaying transport, a semantic classification of cartographic signs of transport systems was developed. Initially, we analyzed a large number of maps from various geographic atlases of various territorial levels. Then we generated a semantic database of transport maps. The developed classification streamlined the structure of the thematic layers of transport maps and, generally, the system of cartographic signs for transport layer. In the event of compiling a map of transport impact on the environment, we selected several semantic parameters that characterize the transport complex and individual indicators of transport impact on the environment. Consequently we created a map of transport impact on the environment in the Baikal basin. Then we analyzed the transport impact within the Lake Baikal catchment area on the basis of the created maps, as well as other literature and statistical sources. This analysis enabled conclusion about the fact that the greatest pollution of the Lake Baikal catchment area comes from automobile and water transport.
Reasons for changing the vector of Russian exports and the new role of the Arctic
Authors: Dets I A
Published: January 2021

The article provides an overview of projects for the construction of the export infrastructure of Russian resources, implemented in the recent decades. The factors influencing the decisions on the construction of the largest oil pipelines (Baltic pipeline system I and II, Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean) and gas pipelines (Nord Stream I and II, Turkish stream, Power of Siberia and others) are analysed. An approved program for the development of the Northern sea route until 2035, which involves major investments in the creation of a new eastern export route, is also being considered. The analysis shows that in addition to the political factor, the decisions on financing the new export infrastructure are influenced by the factors of competition and global warming. The latter acts both as a limiting factor due to environmental restrictions on fuel consumption in the European Union and as a stimulating factor due to the Russian government‘s hopes for more stable and cheaper navigation along the Northern Sea Route. The analysis illustrates that the export diversification policy in general is yielding results, which is demonstrated by an increase in the share of exports in the Asian direction. However, it remains unclear how rational financing new projects for the export of energy resources is in the context of a long-term trend towards a decrease in their cost in world markets.
The effect of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) on the growth of Medicago sativa
Authors: Hu Xia , Huang Jiao , Wang Zhiyong , He Yanqing , Yin Peng
Published: January 2021

In order to study the effects of earthworms on the physiology of Medicago sativa, the effects of different numbers of earthworms (0, 2, 4, 6) on the soil organic matter, plant height, root length, biomass and soluble protein content of Medicago sativa were studied. The results showed that: compared with the control group, (1) The content of soil organic matter increased significantly with the increase of earthworm inoculation; (2)Earthworm treatment had no significant effect on the plant height and biomass of Medicago sativa; (3) Two earthworms’ inoculation significantly increased soluble protein content of Medicago sativa and promoted the growth of Medicago sativa roots; (4) The correlation analysis showed that the content of soil organic matter had a significant positive correlation with Medicago sativa plant height, and a significant negative correlation with underground dry weight. The results showed that earthworm inoculation had a positive effect on improving the yield and quality of Medicago sativa, but the specific amount of earthworm inoculation should be determined by the soil conditions, planting environment and other factors.
Relationship between Phytoplankton Community and Environmental Factors in Spring in Jinan, China
Authors: Xiang Hua , Han Xiao , Shang Shuqin , Liang Jingjing , Yin Xuwang , Wang Mi
Published: January 2021

The study was to show the relationship between the community structure of phytoplankton and the associated environmental factors, based on Shannon-Weiner index, classification of phytoplankton community and CCA analysis and other methods in Jinan Region in May 2018. We identified 39 phytoplankton species in spring. The average values of phytoplankton number, densitiy, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index was 7.00, 4.63 × 105 cells/L, 2.80 and 0.76 in spring, respectively. CCA analysis results showed that phytoplankton community structure was largely determined by the interactions between CODMn in spring in Jinan Region.
Optimization of Blanching Process of hawthorn using central composite design and response surface method
Authors: Cui Hanyuan , Song Zhaowei , Zhang Yue , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Zhijun , Zhan Yuexiang , Guo Xingke
Published: January 2021

Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize hawthorn blanching process based on single-factor experiments. There were two numerical (time and temperature) and one categorical variable (POD enzyme activity) that was used for the evaluation of the hawthorn blanching quality. The changes in POD enzyme activity, procyanidin content, and total flavonoid content were also analyzed. The regression model (P< 0. 05) was obtained through Central-Composite experimental design, indicating that the model could evaluate the residual POD enzyme activity in the blanching process under different parameters. The results show that time 103s and temperature 92.5°C were the best blanching conditions. Under these optimized conditions, the residual POD enzyme activity of hawthorn was within a reasonable range, which was 0.7731 U⋅g-1⋅min-1. The calculated results were basically consistent with the model predicted values (0.7989 U⋅g-1⋅min-1).
Research and Analysis of On-Line Optimization Algorithm of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based on Hydropower Installation Field
Authors: Gou Xiaoping , Zhang Wanjun , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jingxuan , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Jingyan
Published: January 2021

Because of the strong nonlinearity of the controlled system, it cannot be expressed in the form of state space, and the calculation of nonlinear programming is large, so it is difficult to get the analytical solution. At present, it is generally solved by numerical method. The GPC stability theory based on state space analysis and internal model control is difficult to be applied in this case. In this paper, a fast algorithm of online optimization of nonlinear model predictive control based on the field of hydropower installation is presented. A fast algorithm control system of online optimization of nonlinear model predictive control is established and simulated by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the dimension of nonlinear programming solution in rolling optimization is effectively reduced and the feasibility of MPC is improved. Compared with single machine and multi machine systems, the model predictive control method is proved to have strong ability of generator terminal voltage maintenance and electromechanical oscillation damping.
Research on Matching of Power Transmission System of Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Meng Zewen , Zhang Hongxin , Yang Jian , Zhao Qinghai
Published: January 2021

Considering the high power density and high recovery efficiency of the hydraulic energy storage system, the power system combined with the hydraulic pump is adopted. The matching of automobile power transmission system includes the matching of hydraulic pump parameters, hydraulic accumulator parameters, motor parameters and battery parameters. AMESim and Simulink were used to carry out simulation modeling to analyze its performance. The simulation results showed that the adaptive combination of hydraulic system and battery system in electro-hydraulic hybrid vehicle could effectively improve the economic performance of the vehicle while ensuring the dynamic performance of the vehicle. It puts forward more efficient technology concept for the future development of hybrid electric vehicle.
Research on The Application of Identifier Resolution and Blockchain Technology in The New Energy Field*
Authors: Wang Huanjuan , Xuan Jiaxing , Qin Rizhen , Han Shaoqin
Published: January 2021

With the development of new energy power generation technology, distributed generation technology and small personal power generation have become an important development direction for new energy power generation. However, distributed generation technology may have the information island phenomenon. due to its construction, grid connection, transaction and other links with data scattered in various departments, enterprises. Besides, difference in products, equipment and data type and lower degree of data sharing in links aggravate this phenomenon. In order to get through and integrate the data information of each new energy system, realize the sharing and centralized management of platform data resources, and remove the business barriers between various departments and enterprises, this paper proposes to use the electric power Internet of things identifier resolution system to standardize the data of all links in the new energy system, and each link in the system uses open data to create more value. In addition, this paper also uses a combination of blockchain technology and the Identifier resolution system to optimize new energy power transactions, and proposes a method for sharing private data in a small range of users. Inject new impetus into the development of new energy distributed generation.
Research Review of Green Vehicle Routing Optimization
Authors: Wang Yao
Published: January 2021

Green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) has emerged as an important agenda in green logistics and received scientific attention from researchers. In this paper, a literature review on recent developments regarding the GVRP is presented. In order to further clarify the research status, a classification of GVRP that categorizes GVRP into pollution routing problem and new energy vehicle route problem. it is concluded with some significantly promising tends and future directions about the research on GVRP.
Analysis of Fixed-Frequency Voltage Regulating and Fixed- Frequency Duty Cycle in Magnetic Induction Wireless Charging
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Weimin
Published: January 2021

This paper summarizes the comparison of fixed frequency voltage regulating and fixed frequency duty cycle regulating in Qi Specification by using Electromagnetic Induction Power Transfer Technology.
Deformation monitoring of photovoltaic power stations and substations in Yangquan using time-series InSAR
Authors: Jia Jianjun , Yang Haifei , Gong Hao , Ke Xianbing , Guo Xiao , Bie Shiguang , Wu Nian
Published: January 2021

Yangquan is rich in coal resources, and coal mining activities are frequent, which usually causes significant subsidence in the mining area. Substations and power stations around the mining area may be affected by subsidence. In this paper, the time series SAR images of the 25 Sentinel-1A satellite in Yangquan from January to November 2019 are obtained to monitor the deformation of substations and photovoltaic power stations by using the SBAS-InSAR technology. The results show that the deformation range of the study area is between -23.8cm and 11.2cm. In addition, there are multiple subsidence “bowl” due to coal mining. The deformation range of the feature points of the five substations in Wenchi, Niangziguan, Changling, Luhu and Ceshi is between -1cm and 1cm, which are in a stable state. However, there is a continuous linear subsidence phenomenon in Ququcheng photovoltaic power station. Among the Ququcheng three subsidence feature points, the maximum annual subsidence reaches more than 4cm. The main reasons for the subsidence are the gravity component of soil and the increased ground load caused by the power generation device in this area.
Isolation and Culture Conditions Optimization of a New Bacterial Cellulose Producing Strain Komagataeibacter intermedius 6-5
Authors: Zhu Biyun , Zhang Zilong , Wang Heng , Ma Xia
Published: January 2021

A strain producing bacterial cellulose (BC) screened from Shanxi millet fermented vinegar was identified as Komagataeibacter intermedius 6-5 by the examination of taxonomic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Then, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum showed that pellicles produced by strain K. intermedius 6-5 had the same spectral characteristics as typical BC. Box-Behnken experiments studied used pear residue as a medium, the fermentation conditions of strain K. intermedius 6-5. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were: glucose additive amount 3.62% (w/v), citric acid additive amount 0.45% (w/v), inoculation amount 9.39% (v/v). The BC yield was as high as (11.54 ± 0.42) g/L after seven days of culture at a natural pH and 30°C under static cultivation conditions.