bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology, Classification and Comorbidities after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Guest James , Datta Nilanjana , Jimsheleishvili George , Gater David R.
Published: July 2022

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimization of autonomic function. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influences on the spinal segmental control system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are disrupted, leading to spastic paralysis, pain and dysesthesia, sympathetic blunting and parasympathetic dominance resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious respiratory secretions and uncontrolled bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. This article outlines the pathophysiology of traumatic SCI, current and emerging methods of classification, and its influence on sensory/motor function, and introduces the probable comorbidities associated with SCI that will be discussed in more detail in the accompanying manuscripts of this special issue.
Quantitative Profiling of Bile Acids in Feces of Humans and Rodents by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Liu Xiaoxue , Yang Jiufang , Ren Fazheng , Li Yixuan
Published: July 2022

A simple, sensitive, and reliable quantification and identification method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 58 bile acids (BAs) in human and rodent (mouse and rat) fecal samples. The method involves an extraction step with a 5% ammonium–ethanol aqueous solution; the BAs were quantified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, UPLC–Q-TOF). The recoveries were 80.05–120.83%, with coefficient variations (CVs) of 0.01–9.82% for three biological species. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.01–0.24 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.03 to 0.81 μg/kg. In addition, the analytical method was used to identify and quantify BAs in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, C57BL/6 mice, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The fecal BA profile and analysis of BA indices in these samples provide valuable information for further BA metabolic disorder research.
Signaling Pathway of Taurine-Induced Upregulation of TXNIP
Authors: Satsu Hideo , Gondo Yusuke , Shimanaka Hana , Imae Masato , Murakami Shigeru , Watari Kenji , Wakabayashi Shunichi , Park Sung-Joon , Nakai Kenta , Shimizu Makoto
Published: July 2022

Taurine, a sulfur-containing β-amino acid, is present at high concentrations in mammalian tissues and plays an important role in several essential biological processes. However, the genetic mechanisms involved in these physiological processes associated with taurine remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying the taurine-induced transcriptional enhancement of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The results showed that taurine significantly increased the luciferase activity of the human TXNIP promoter. Further, deletion analysis of the TXNIP promoter showed that taurine induced luciferase activity only in the TXNIP promoter region (+200 to +218). Furthermore, by employing a bioinformatic analysis using the TRANSFAC database, we focused on Tst-1 and Ets-1 as candidates involved in taurine-induced transcription and found that the mutation in the Ets-1 sequence did not enhance transcriptional activity by taurine. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the binding of Ets-1 to the TXNIP promoter region was enhanced by taurine. Taurine also increased the levels of phosphorylated Ets-1, indicating activation of Ets-1 pathway by taurine. Moreover, an ERK cascade inhibitor significantly suppressed the taurine-induced increase in TXNIP mRNA levels and transcriptional enhancement of TXNIP. These results suggest that taurine enhances TXNIP expression by activating transcription factor Ets-1 via the ERK cascade.
Studies of the Formation of Inclusion Complexes Derivatives of Cinnamon Acid with α-Cyclodextrin in a Wide Range of Temperatures Using Conductometric Methods
Authors: Kinart Zdzisław , Tomaš Renato
Published: July 2022

The electrical conductivities of aqueous solutions of sodium salts of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (trans-p-coumaric acid), trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (trans-caffeic acid), trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, (trans-ferulic acid) and trans-3-phenylacrylic acid (trans-cinnamic acid) with α-cyclodextrin were measured in the temperature range of 288.15 K–318.15 K. For the first time in the literature, using the limiting molar conductivity (Λmo) obtained from conductivity measurements, the values of the complexation constants (Kf) of the salts of phenolic acid derivatives with α-cyclodextrin were determined using a modified low concentration chemical model (IcCM). An attempt was also made to analyze the individual thermodynamic functions ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo describing the complexation process as a function of temperature changes. The obtained results show that the process of formation of inclusion complexes is exothermic and is spontaneous.
Water Status and Predictive Models of Moisture Content during Drying of Soybean Dregs Based on LF-NMR
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Zhang Wenyu , Liu Yuxin , Song Yuqiu , Wu Liyan , Liu Cuihong , Wang Tieliang
Published: July 2022

To explore the drying characteristics of soybean dregs and a nondestructive moisture content test method, in this study, soybean dregs were dried with hot air (80 °C), the moisture content was measured using the drying method, water status was analyzed using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and the moisture content prediction models were built and validated. The results revealed that the moisture contents of the soybean dregs were 0.57 and 0.01 g/g(w.b.), respectively, after drying for 5 and 7 h. The effective moisture diffusivity increased with the decrease in moisture content; it ranged from 5.27 × 10−9 to 6.96 × 10−8 m2·s−1. Soybean dregs contained bound water (T21), immobilized water (T22) and free water (T23 and T23’). With the proceeding of drying, all of the relaxation peaks shifted left until a new peak (T23’) appeared; then, the structure of soybean dregs changed, and the relaxation peaks reformed, and the peak shifted left again. The peak area may predict the moisture content of soybean dregs, and the gray values of images predict the moisture contents mainly composed of free water or immobilized water. The results may provide a reference for drying of soybean dregs and a new moisture detection method.
Graphene Oxide Nanoplatforms to Enhance Cisplatin-Based Drug Delivery in Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Giusto Elena , Žárská Ludmila , Beirne Darren Fergal , Rossi Arianna , Bassi Giada , Ruffini Andrea , Montesi Monica , Montagner Diego , Ranc Vaclav , Panseri Silvia
Published: July 2022

Chemotherapeutics such as platinum-based drugs are commonly used to treat several cancer types, but unfortunately, their use is limited by several side effects, such as high degradation of the drug before entering the cells, off-target organ toxicity and development of drug resistance. An interesting strategy to overcome such limitations is the development of nanocarriers that could enhance cellular accumulation in target cells in addition to decreasing associated drug toxicity in normal cells. Here, we aim to prepare and characterize a graphene-oxide-based 2D nanoplatform functionalised using highly branched, eight-arm polyethylene-glycol, which, owing to its high number of available functional groups, offers considerable loading capacity over its linear modalities and represents a highly potent nanodelivery platform as a versatile system in cancer therapy. The obtained results show that the GO@PEG carrier allows for the use of lower amounts of Pt drug compared to a Pt-free complex while achieving similar effects. The nanoplatform accomplishes very good cellular proliferation inhibition in osteosarcoma, which is strictly related to increased cellular uptake. This enhanced cellular internalization is also observed in glioblastoma, although it is less pronounced due to differences in metabolism compared to osteosarcoma. The proposed GO@PEG nanoplatform is also promising for the inhibition of migration, especially in highly invasive breast carcinoma (i.e., MDA-MB-231 cell line), neutralizing the metastatic process. The GO@PEG nanoplatform thus represents an interesting tool in cancer treatment that can be specifically tailored to target different cancers.
Recent Progress on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g−CN) Electrodes
Authors: Zhu Ying , He Liang , Ni Yiqiang , Li Genzhuang , Li Dongshuai , Lin Wang , Wang Qiliang , Li Liuan , Yang Haibin
Published: July 2022

Graphitic carbon nitride (g−CN), a promising visible-light-responsive semiconductor material, is regarded as a fascinating photocatalyst and heterogeneous catalyst for various reactions due to its non-toxicity, high thermal durability and chemical durability, and “earth-abundant” nature. However, practical applications of g−CN in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photoelectronic devices are still in the early stages of development due to the difficulties in fabricating high-quality g−CN layers on substrates, wide band gaps, high charge-recombination rates, and low electronic conductivity. Various fabrication and modification strategies of g−CN-based films have been reported. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the growth and modification of high-quality g−CN-based films. Furthermore, (1) the classification of synthetic pathways for the preparation of g−CN films, (2) functionalization of g−CN films at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), (3) modification of g−CN films with a co-catalyst, and (4) composite films fabricating, will be discussed in detail. Last but not least, this review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating viewpoints on the key challenges and future developments.
Managing Student Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Immobility Turn in Internationalized Learning?
Authors: Cairns David , França Thais
Published: July 2022

This article looked at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of internationalized learning, and the disruption to the transitions to adulthood among students reliant upon the freedom to move within and between countries. We started by outlining the place of mobility in transitions, connected to debates about the ‘Mobility Turn,’ with particular relevance to developments in the European context, including the expansion of successive Erasmus student mobility programmes. Following the start of the pandemic, we hypothesize that we are now experiencing an ‘Immobility Turn’ in youth transitions, which, even if temporary, has the potential to disrupt personal and professional development of many young people in problematizing stays abroad at foreign universities. To explore this issue, we drew on evidence from Portugal, discussing issues including the measures taken by host institutions to maintain a safe environment and secure the integrity of educational courses for their international students, thus keeping open their mobile transition pathways. This research also enables us to illustrate the changes in the materiality of internationalized higher education that took place during the pandemic, and the challenges facing academic staff members. In conclusion, we look towards the future of mobile transitions, recognizing the important role played by staff members, and look towards future developments, including the heightened use of virtual mobility platforms for students with the potential to further transform the meaning of internationalized tertiary education.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVED TERRITORIES IN RUSSIA IN THE 16th – 21st CENTURIES
Authors: Roshchupkina O. , Per'kova M.
Published: July 2022

The development of the reserve management and studies is considered in a historical retrospective from the 16th century to the present. The study of archival sources and studies of allied researchers (geographers, historians, biologists, ecologists, specialists in the field of conservation), it was reveals that the development of protected areas in Russia took place in five stages. At the first stage (XVI-XVII centuries), the formation of a general idea of the value of untouched natural complexes is considered, which is associated with the spiritual and religious conservation of territories. At the second stage (the end of the 19th -beginning of the 20th centuries), the organization and formation of the first nature reserves are being studied. At the third stage (the middle of the 20th century - the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period) is studied the functioning of the reserves, which took place under the conditions of their mass liquidation in the war and post-war period. The fourth stage (the end of the 20th century) can be characterized as the final formation of the reserve management and studies as a unique system of reserves in Russia, the features of this stage are being studied. At the fifth stage (the beginning of the 21st century to the present), the development of reserves is considered from the side of updating the conservation of natural complexes, as well as the promotion of ecological tourism through the formation of scientific and tourist-recreational clusters on the basis of protected areas and adjacent territories.
Annotation of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville in Its Early Medieval Context
Authors: Steinova Evina
Published: July 2022

This article provides an overview of the annotated pre-1200 manuscripts of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville and discusses the nature and character of the annotation of this work. It shows that the Etymologiae was annotated principally in the early Middle Ages. The glossing took place in three contexts: in the insular world,perhaps in the aftermath of the arrival of Isidore’s encyclopaedia in Ireland; in Carolingian northern France as a result of the introduction of Etym. I (De grammatica) into schools; and by scholarly readers in pre-Carolingian, Carolingian and Ottonian northern Italy. To a lesser extent, the Etymologiae was also annotated in the German area and northern Spain. The three main strains of annotation can be discerned because of their interest in different sections of the Etymologiae and because of distinct patterns of glossing they left behind. The intermixing of the three strains was exceptionally limited.The only region where it is attested is Brittany. The differences between regions and the limited circulation of glosses beyond their region of origin suggest that there existed several distinct reception frameworks for the Etymologiae in the early Middle Ages. Thearticle is accompanied by a list of 45 most important annotated pre-1200 manuscripts of the Etymologiae.
Sensorium
Authors: Ortúzar Escudero María José
Published: July 2022

Discussion of the term "sensorium" - entry for the online dictionary "Sensonario: diccionario de términos sensoriales", ed. by Gerardo Fabián Rodríguez, Mar del Plata: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 2021
Asir lo intangible. Reflexiones sobre la historia de los sentidos
Authors: Ortúzar Escudero María José
Published: July 2022

Brief discussion of "sense history" and introduction to the book "La Edad Media a través de los sentidos", edited by Gerardo Fabián Rodríguez et al., Mardel Plata: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 2021 (pp. 7-22)
New Class of Multivalent Functions with Negative Coefficients
Authors: Ramadhan Ali Mohammed , Al-Ziadi Najah Ali Jiben
Published: July 2022

In the present paper, we define a new class NA(n,p,λ,α,β) of multivalent functions which are holomorphic in the unit disk ∆ ={s∈C∶|s|<1}. A necessary and sufficient condition for functions to be in the class NA(n,p,λ,α,β) is obtained. Also, we get some geometric properties like radii of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity, closure theorems, extreme points, integral means inequalities and integral operators.
Singapore Writer Ma. Ilankannan's Disadvantages of Short Story Ideals - A Social Perspective
Authors: R Selvarani , G Stephen
Published: July 2022

One of the most important applications of literature is to express the ‘presence’ of society. In that aspect, Ma. Ilankannan, the creator has succeeded in portraying the successes, failures, ups and downs, strengths and weaknesses of the Sinhalese Tamils through his short stories. His collection of short stories 'Thoondil Meen’ (Bait Fish) was awarded the 'Singapore Literary Award' by the National Book Development Council of Singapore in 2004. The protagonists of the short story ‘Elatchiyangalin Unangal’ (Disabilities of Ideals) featured in it are Pichaimuthu Kizhavar and Kuvepatti who emigrated from their native country and settled in Singai. These characters that lost their limbs and personal ties during World War II are struggling every day to survive. The purpose of this article is to explore how their dream of visiting their motherland once and for all is disabled like a dumb dream.
How viewing a forest affects willingness to pay of users and non-users in Contingent Valuation Method?
Authors: Sidorczuk-Pietraszko Edyta , Matel Anna , Poskrobko Tomasz , Andrejuk Dariusz
Published: July 2022

In Contingent Valuation studies, users generally declare willingness to pay (WTP) higher than non-users. This study attempts to investigate if viewing the good during CV survey has different impact on users and non-users WTPs. A framed field experiment was conducted in which users and non-users were surveyed in two locations - one with a view of the forest and the other without it. Our study showed that the WTPs of users were significantly higher than those of non-users only when respondensts did not see forest during the survey. However, when the experiment was conducted in a location where the respondents could see the forest - the difference disappeared. Our results also show that the relationship between declared WTP and both the respondents’ socio-demographic status and their environmental attitudes were weaker among respondents surveyed in a location with a forest view. We believe that the increase in WTP of non-users is temporary and represents a kind of bias. This in turn may be relevant in the design of CVM studies.
Small-scale farms in the environmental sustainability of rural areas. Opinions of farmers from Poland, Romania and Lithuania
Authors: Stępień Sebastian , Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna , Matuszczak Anna , Tosovic-Stevanovic Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article is to assess the environmental sustainability of small-scale faming. The authors tried to reach the farmers' subjective opinion,  their way of thinking, attitudes and determinants affecting environmental performance. The use of in-depth interviews gave a chance to draw reliable and accurate conclusions on the analysed topic and register many elements that could be omitted using quantitative methods. Thus, the work forms a complementary part of research on the sustainability of small-scale farms, which is its main added value. Furthermore, the use of data from three EU member states - Poland, Romania and Lithuania - provided a basis for comparative analysis. Conclusions proved that small farms perform important environmental functions in rural areas. It results from the very essence of this type of farms, based on the cultivation of traditions and experience passed down from generation to generation, as well as from the family nature of these units.
Analysis of aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge disposal concepts
Authors: Bartkowska Izabela , Wawrentowicz Dariusz , Dzienis Lech
Published: July 2022

The article aimed to analyze the concept of modernisation of sludge management prepared for an exemplary sewage sludge treatment plant. Four variants of solutions, based on different processes, aerobic (oxygenic), anaerobic or – aerobic – anaerobic, were discussed. The article presents the characteristics of essential elements of the proposed solutions. The technical and technological parameters of each of the variants are exposed. The expected capital expenditure and basic operating costs are presented. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the options has also been carried out. The analysed technological processes ensure obtaining hygienically and sanitary safe end products. They contribute significantly to minimising the amount of sewage sludge. The most economically efficient, with the lowest average annual costs, is the variant with the application of anaerobic thermo-philic-mesophilic sludge stabilisation. The highest average annual costs were obtained for the variant with drying and incineration of sludge.
Environmental insurance and ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems – analysis of the willingness to implement systemic solutions relevant to insurance
Authors: Lemkowska Malwina , Wiśniewska Dorota
Published: July 2022

The first purpose of the research was to assess the dependence between the organisational decision-makers willingness to implement systemic solutions relevant to insurance (RSSs) and the attributes (systemic, awareness-related and organisational) of an organisation managed in accordance with ISO 14001. Another purpose was to identify the motivators that drive entities to implement additional system elements.Earlier studies suggest that the structures of currently implemented ISO 14001 EMSs should be modified in order to increase their utility for the process of insurance provision. The research problem was solved based on data obtained through an online survey among organisations implementing and certified ISO 14001 EMSs in Poland. Depending on the type of variables, the independence chi-square test, U-Mann-Whitney test, and the test of Spearman’s rank correlation, among others, were used for analysis. The results of the study may help build integrated environmental risk management tools. They indicate the legitimacy of using non-insurance motivators (e.g. reduction of environmental fees) to achieve the desired EMS structure in the organisation from the insurers' point of view. At the same time, they emphasise the need to build environmental risk awareness (including, among other things, the risk of liability for environmental damage and its severity) to achieve the above.
Development of environmental policy instruments for renewable energy sources by municipalities
Authors: Kozłowski Waldemar
Published: July 2022

An increase in the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption is one of the priorities of the European Union. Poland should have achieved the level of 21% renewable energy by 2030. Research problems discussed in the article: lack of studies in communes regarding the comprehensive assessment of unused reserves of energy from renewable energy; lack of analyses regarding the costs of obtaining and using power from renewable sources, lack of clear vision of communes as subjects in the climate and energy-related policy. Considering these research problems, this paper analyses the instruments of support for energy generation from renewable sources applied by communes. The study covers one hundred communes in the voivodship of Warmia and Mazury. The following hypothesis can be put forward in the methodological context: renewable energy use in a commune depends mainly on the undertaken activities and local initiatives.
European Green Deal — research directions. a systematic literature review
Authors: Ejdys Joanna , Szpilko Danuta
Published: July 2022

The article provided a classification of scientific research relating to European Green Deal (EGD) issues to assess their compatibility with areas identified in the EGD strategy document and identify emerging future research directions. A systematic literature review was based on bibliometric analysis and focused on articles in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The systematic literature review aimed to identify, integrate and evaluate research on the selected topic based on clearly defined criteria. Research query included (TITLE-ABS-KEY (“EU” OR europ*) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“green deal”) ) in the case of Scopus and TS = (“EU” OR europ*) AND “green deal”) in the case of Web of Science. In total, 641 publication records were qualified for analysis. The bibliometric analysis allowed identifying eight thematic clusters and linking them to the eight areas of the European Green Deal strategy. The bibliometric analysis enabled the identification of eight thematic areas of international research undertaken in relation to the European Green Deal. These cover a variety of topics from social sciences, engineering, agriculture,  sciences and natural sciences. Clusters included: Energy, circular economy, industry, building, mobility, food, biodiversity and pollution.
Environmental, social and economic determinants of sustainable development in the process of managing municipalities illustrated using the example of the lesser Poland voivodeship
Authors: Brzozowska Anna , Łukomska - Szarek Justyna , Imiołczyk-Sepczuk Justyna
Published: July 2022

In an age of climate change and increasing negative environmental effects of the development of urban agglomeration, it is becoming more and more important to implement sustainable development principles in governing urban municipalities (Polish: gminy). The three areas of sustainable development: social, economic and environmental, have been extensively explored in scientific research over recent years. These studies have mostly covered international or regional areas and, to a lesser extent, local ones. Six environmental, economic and social indicators of sustainable development were examined for 14 urban municipalities located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Only a selected group of indicators from these areas was assessed due to limited data availability. Social and economic measures showed a strong Spearman's rank correlation. Based on the collected research material, benchmarking was developed for the units under evaluation, indicating that over the period between the year 2014 and 2019, the city of Krakow occupied the highest position, on average, among urban municipalities of Lesser Poland Voivodeship, considering the measures analysed.
Perspectives of Polish organic farming development in the aspect of the European Green Deal
Authors: Kociszewski Karol
Published: July 2022

The paper aims to examine the determinants for the development of organic farming in Poland under the present conditions associated with membership in the European Union (EU). The study is based on analyses of secondary sources and a nationwide survey among organic farmers. Organic farming in the EU is a subject to development under the influence of the strategies related to the European Green Deal. Polish organic agriculture developed dynamically after the EU accession. However, the process reversed from 2013 due to the unstable domestic support policy. The barriers are poor connections between farmers and distributors, bureaucratic procedures and low profitability. A significant chance for the development is the expected demand growth. The most important factors encouraging farmers were associated with environmental aspects and the use of labour. The further growth is conditioned by the better-organized policy of Polish organisations involved in agricultural policy.
Exemplifying the Zero Waste Concept in smart cities
Authors: Jelonek Dorota , Walentek Dorota
Published: July 2022

Due to the environmental imbalance on our planet, the concept of zero waste is gaining importance day by day. It is particularly important in the aspect of production and consumption cycle management and responsible waste management in urban space. The aim of this article is to exemplify methods of reducing waste in smart cities according to the author's Waste Management for Generation, Environment, and Gains (WM2GEG) scheme. An additional aim was to select the most effective ways of rational waste management in smart cities. A structured interview method was used to collect data, and the research sample was selected using the Smart City Index 2020. The study identified environmentally and socially friendly and economically beneficial methods of rational waste management, such as composting organic waste, creating underground waste containers, and incinerating waste with energy recovery. Specific ways to reduce waste are also presented, such as banning disposable packaging and obtaining energy from renewable sources.
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC IN THE CHANNELS OF TELECOMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEMS OF INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEMS
Authors: ТАМП Н.В. , ФЕДУЛОВ А.В. , ПЛЯСУНОВ С.С.
Published: July 2022

Обоснована необходимость мониторинга телекоммуникационных подсистем систем комплексной безопасности. Предложена имитационная модель, позволяющая формировать элементы временного ряда, в роли которых выступают моменты начала передачи сообщений. Предусмотрена возможность формирования как стационарных, так и нестационарных потоков событий. Приведены результаты исследований основных методов анализа временных рядов. Показано, что используемые подходы не позволяют с требуемой оперативностью и достоверностью обнаруживать возможные аномальные состояния трафика. Предложено для оценки различных состояний трафика рассматривать телекоммуникационную систему в роли динамической системы. Приведены аналитические выражения для формирования динамических переменных, на основе которых сформированы фазовые портреты. Полученные результаты экспериментов подтвердили информативность предложенного варианта отображения трафика. Показано, что оценка состояния телекоммуникационных систем с использованием фазовых портретов позволяет выявить аномальные состояния трафика, а также спрогнозировать поведение динамической системы в будущем.

The article substantiates the need for monitoring telecommunications subsystems of integrated security systems. It is proposed a simulation model that allows forming of elements of a time series, in the role of which are the moments of the beginning of the transmission of messages. The possibility of generating both stationary and non-stationary event streams is provided. The results of studies of the main methods of time series analysis are presented. It is shown that the approaches used do not allow detecting possible abnormal traffic states with the required efficiency and reliability. It is proposed to consider a telecommunication system as a dynamic system to evaluate various traffic conditions. Analytical expressions are given for the formation of dynamic variables, on the basis of which phase portraits are formed. The presented experimental results confirmed the informativeness of the proposed traffic display option. It is shown that the assessment of the state of telecommunication systems using phase portraits makes it possible to identify abnormal traffic states, as well as predict the behavior of a dynamic system in the future.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION OF SATELLITE EARTH STATIONS AND SFN NETWORK TRANSMITTERS IN RUSSIA
Authors: КАРЯКИН В.Л.
Published: July 2022

На основе сравнения европейских и российских стандартов с учетом научных и технических результатов исследований проведен анализ требований к оборудованию одночастотных сетей DVB-T2, который позволяет оценить актуальность и достоверность материала, изложенного в стандарте ГОСТ Р 58912-2020. Результаты анализа позволяют сделать вывод о том, что стандарт не может служить основанием для актуализации требований к сетевым передатчикам и земным станциям спутниковых ретрансляторов в одночастотных сетях телерадиовещания, находящихся в эксплуатации фактически при отсутствии сертификации с начала реализации федеральной целевой программы «Развитие телерадиовещания в Российской Федерации на 2009-2018 годы».

The analysis of technical requirements for single-frequency networks DVB-T2 equipment is carried out based on a comparison of European and Russian standards, taking into account scientific and technical research results. This analysis allows assessing the relevance and reliability of the material set out in the standard GOST R 58912-2020. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that the standard cannot serve as a basis for updating the requirements for network transmitters and earth stations of satellite repeaters in single-frequency television and radio broadcasting networks, which have been in operation since the beginning of the Federal Target Program "Development of broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009-2018."
La infección ascendente en las anastomosis bilio digestivas
Authors:   , Bernardón Juan Carlos
Published: July 2022

Consideramos las anastomosis bilio digestivas como una operación indicada en aquellos enfermos portadores de lesiones estenosantes traumáticas de vías biliares, en neoplasias de vías biliares y de ampolla de Vater, en neoplasias de cabeza de páncreas y en las pancreatitis crónicas, que traen como consecuencia una compresión del colédoco.
Reasons for refusal of repeated prosthetics on implants according to the results of a patient survey
Authors: Zaslavsky R.S. , Olesov E.E. , Ivanov A.S. , Zaslavsky S.A. , Romanov A.S.
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons for refusal of repeated prosthetics on implants of patients with removed implants. The analysis of the causes of such failures was carried out in 118 patients with removed implants with a period of 5—20 years of previous use of prostheses on implants. For 46 patients with repeated prosthetics were shown covered dentures on implants, 14 — fixed dentures with complete absence of teeth, 58 — fixed dentures with partial absence of teeth. To analyze the reasons for refusal of prosthetics on implants, a questionnaire of 16 questions was developed and used.

As a result of the study, it was found that the main rea sons for the refusal of patients from re-implantation are the insufficient period of functioning of prostheses on implants due to the development of chronic inflammation around the implants, the high cost of prosthetics on implants and insufficient good health, constraining the decision on surgical interventions and complex prosthetics are a problem.

Significant factors for refusing implantation were also noted: the duration of the prosthetics process on implants, the reluctance of additional bone-plastic surgery, insufficient esthetics of fixed prostheses on implants.

More than half of the refusals from implantation in the complete absence of teeth are due to the impossibility of non-removable prosthetics.
Changes of the upper airways depending on the orthodontic rotation of the occlusal plane
Authors: Mamedov Ad.A. , Timoschenko T.V. , Slynko A.Yu. , Go Hao , Ermakov A.S. , Davletshin D.N.
Published: July 2022

The article presents data of domestic and foreign authors on the etiology and clinical manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and on the influence of rotation of the occlusal plane on the clearance of the upper respiratory tract. Our own study of patients with vertical type of growth and distal occlusion before and after orthodontic treatment was carried out. The influence of rotation of the occlusal plane on the clearance of the upper respiratory tract was studied. The necessity and expediency of using of the occlusal plane orthodontic rotation to increase the clearance of the upper respiratory tract is substantiated.
A cephalometric analysis was performed using CBCT. The analysis of the upper respiratory tract was carried out.
There were significant changes in the parameters characterizing the head position and a significant increase in the clearance of the upper respiratory tract in the narrowest part.
It was concluded that the flattening of the occlusal plane during orthodontic treatment affects the position of the head, which, in turn, directly affects the clearance of the upper respiratory tract; orthodontic treatment can affect the area of the hyoid bone. The possibility of using CBCT as an effective tool for screening the pathology of the upper respiratory tract has been confirmad.
The influence of the psychoemotional state of children aged 6—12 years with dental anomalies on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Razilova A.V. , Mamedov Ad.A. , Simonova A.V.
Published: July 2022

The influence of the psychoemotional state of children 6—12 years old with dental anomalies on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatmentresume. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the psychoemotional state of children 6—12 years old with dental anomalies on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment was performed in 122 patients aged 6—12 years. The psychoemotional state of the children was determined by the questionnaire of G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko. To assess the dental status of children, the Green-Vermillion hygiene index was determined in dynamics (Green, Vermillion, 1964). The microflora of the oral cavity was studied by mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The reasons affecting the psychoemotional state of the child and the factors that increase anxiety were analyzed. Prolonged wearing of an orthodontic device, the difficulty of maintaining hygiene contributed to the fact that after 4 weeks there was a significant deterioration in oral hygiene, a decrease in the number of children with good and satisfying and an increase — with an unsatisfactory and poor level of hygiene. It was found that the psycho-emotional state of children contributes to the violation of individual oral hygiene and changes the microbiota of the oral cavity. There was an increase in the total content of microorganisms 2—4 times compared to the norm due to an increase in the number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Treatment of anxious children is accompanied by increased stress for clinicians, working with such patients is always associated with an increase in the duration of treatment and other difficulties, which reduces the effectiveness of treatment. Specific recommendations formulated by the authors on the management of patients are given, taking into account their psycho-emotional state.
Obtaining spectral dependences of the Omnichrome blocker transmittance in the visible region of the spectrum
Authors: Shalamay L.I. , Mendosa E.Y. , Maiorov E.E. , Lampusova V.B. , Oksas N.S.
Published: July 2022

This article to the study of the optical properties of Omnichrome blocker in the visible region of the spectrum is devoted. The relevance of the work is shown, since a high level of aesthetics of restoration in therapeutic dentistry is important. The article transmission spectra of dental restoration material are presented. The optical scheme and technical characteristics of the device are given, the appearance of the spectrometer is shown. The information confirms a strong dependence on the wavelengths in the range of 250…400 nm was obtained. The spectral transmission curves practically correspond in shape, no characteristic shifts of the spectral curves were observed. Samples with a thickness of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm and more than 1 mm of Omnichrome blocker and it was found that with a thickness of 0.3, the sample passes 10% of light radiation were analyzed. This means that the thickness of the layer of this composite was sufficient for restoration work on the hard tissues of the tooth in any carious cavity.
Risk Factors Related to Hypertension in Children
Authors: Ngantung Shyella E. , Umboh Adrian , Manoppo Jeanette I. C,
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Hypertension is a serious health problem, not only because of its increasing incidence but also due to its morbidity and mortality. Although children often experience an increase in blood pressure, it is very difficult and even cannot be determined early. Therefore, the increase in blood pressure can persist into adulthood and results in hypertension and coronary heart disease. This is influenced by several risk factors that can support the occurrence of hypertension in children. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of hypertension. This was a literature review study using two databases namely Pubmed and Google Scholar and the keywords were risk factor AND hypertension AND children. The results obtained that there was a relationship between hypertension with nutritional status (obesity), excessive salt consumption, poor physical activity, smoking behavior, poor sleep quality, family history of hypertension, and male sex. In conclusion, there are a variety of risk factors related to hypertension, and obesity is the dominant one.Keywords: risk factor; hypertension; children Abstrak: Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius, bukan saja karena angka kejadian-nya yang meningkat melainkan karena morbiditas dan mortalitas yang diakibatkannya. Anak seringkali mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah akan tetapi sangat sulit bahkan tidak dapat ditentukan sejak dini sehingga peningkatan tekanan darah dapat menetap hingga dewasa dan mengakibatkan hipertensi dan penyakit jantung koroner. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat mendukung terjadinya hipertensi pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ini ialah suatu literature review dengan menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed and Google Scholar dengan kata kunci risk factor AND hypertension AND children. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara hipertensi dengan status gizi lebih (obesitas), konsumsi garam berlebih, aktivitas fisik kurang, perilaku merokok, kualitas tidur buruk, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat berbagai factor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko yang dominan.Kata kunci: faktor risiko; hipertensi; anak
Perception of Pregnant Women in Dealing with Pregnancy and Childbirth during COVID-9 Pandemic in Manado
Authors: Soe Thesa , Wantania John J. E. , Tendean Hermie M. M.
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Currently, COVID-19 pandemics has caused many deaths worldwide, therefore, the attitude of pregnant women in dealing with pregnancy and childbirth during this pandemic might be influenced. This study aimed to obtain the perception of pregnant woman in dealing with pregnancy and childbrith during the pandemic in Manado. This was a descriptive and observational survey study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were pregnant women of 1st to 3rd semester that visited two primary health cares: Puskesmas Bahu and Puskesmas Sario Kotabaru Manado.The results showed that most pregnant women were 21-30 years old (65.71%), high school education (68.57), housewife (75.71%), multigravida parity (68.57%), on the third semester (48,57%), and had no history of confirmed Covid-19 (94.29%). Moreover, most of the respondents felt happy when they knew about their pregnancy (68.57%), did routine antenatal care/ANC (71.43%), chose that vaccination was absolutely necessary (45.71%), and had to give birth at a health facility (71.43%). In conclusion, most pregnant women did plan and felt happy of their pregnancies. The majority of respondents chose that vaccination during pregnancy was absolutely necessary, and they would carry out routine antenatal care as usual, and had to give birth at a health facility.Keywords: pregnancy; childbirth; pandemic of COVID-19; perception Abstrak: Saat ini pandemi COVID-19 telah banyak menyebabkan kematian di seluruh belahan dunia sehingga dianggap dapat berpengaruh terhadap sikap ibu hamil dalam menghadapi kehamilan dan persalinan di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi ibu hamil dalam menghadapi kehamilan dan persalinan pada masa pandemi di Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif survei dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah wanita hamil mulai dari trimester 1 sampai dengan trimester 3 yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Bahu dan Puskesmas Sario Kotabaru Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa karakteristik ibu hamil terbanyak berusia 21-30 tahun (65,71%) dengan pendidikan terakhir SMA (68,57%), pekerjaan IRT (75,71%), paritas multigravida (68,57%), usia kehamilan pada trimseter 3 (48,57%), dan tidak pernah terkonfirmasi Covid-19 (94,29%). Selain itu ibu hamil yang merencanakan kehamilan (71,43%), perasaan senang saat mengetahui sedang hamil (68,57%), melakukan antenatal care/ANC seperti biasa (71,43%), dan merasa harus melakukan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan (71,43%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sebagian besar ibu hamil memang merencanakan dan merasa senang karena kehamilannya. Mayoritas ibu hamil merasa bahwa vaksinasi saat kehamilan mutlak dibutuhkan, melakukan antenatal care seperti biasa, dan harus melakukan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan.Kata kunci: kehamilan; persalinan; pandemi COVID-19; persepsi
Bentuk-Bentuk Interferensi Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia Terhadap Bahasa Arab Pada Naskah Soal MFQ MTQ Nasional XXVI
Authors: Mahbubah Sihhatul , Muflihah
Published: July 2022

Arabic is a foreign language that still survives its existence to this day. as a foreign language Arabic has the opportunity to be influenced by Indonesian as the first language. This interference is an inevitability but also should not be ignored. therefore, this research was conducted to describe forms of interference, especially in the realm of syntax. research object is a text about MFQ MTQ National XXVI. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. The main data of this research is the MFQ MTQ National XXVI. Data were collected by using the observation method and then analyzed using triangulation and descriptive-analytic techniques. The results showed that there were 10 forms of syntactic interference from Indonesian into Arabic from 130 questions of the MFQ MTQ National XXVI. This form of interference includes the interference of the concordance aspect, the interference of adjective-noun phrases (shifah-maushuf / na't-man'uut), the interference of sentences in the form of the number ismiyah (mubtada'-khabar), and the interference of the number noun phrases ('adad-ma' dud). Then after the interference data was presented, the result of the percentage level of interference in the MFQ MTQ National XXVI question text was 13%.
Hakikat Bahasa dan Budaya Melalui Tinjauan Tafsir al-Qur’an Surat al-Baqarah: 31-33, ar-Raḥmān: 1-4, dan Yūsuf: 2
Authors: Hasan Syaiful Rizal
Published: July 2022

Language has a very close relationship with human thought and culture. Some argue that the relationship of language with thought and culture is a subordinate relationship, i.e. language becomes part of human thought and culture. There are also those who argue that the relationship of language with human thought and culture is a coordinated relationship, i.e. language influences both, or vice versa that thought and culture influence language. Language and culture are two things that will be discussed in this study. Both will be studied through the views of experts on the interpretation and analysis of sura al-Baqarah verses 31-33, surah ar-Raḥmān verses 1-4, and surah Yūsuf verse 2, and various views of linguists. This research is literature research using content analysis techniques to formulate conclusions. The main data of this study is the literature of interpretation and linguistics. The conclusion of the data analysis is that language can be a deal and sometimes it is inspiring, and sometimes it is imitating the sounds of nature. While culture is the result of human thought that is very closely related to language. The relationship between culture and language can be sub-ordinative or coordinated.