bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crosslinking of gelatin membranes with ferulic acid or glutaraldehyde: Relationship between gas permeability and renaturation level of gelatin triple helices
Authors: Biscarat Jennifer , Charmette Christophe , Masquelez Nathalie , Sanchez José , Pochat‐Bohatier Celine
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the gas separation membranes made with gelatin, crosslinked with ferulic acid (FA) and blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, by using a solvent‐free procedure. Gas permeation properties (He, N2, O2, and CO2) of these “green membranes” were studied and discussed in relation with their structure. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements were carried out to determine the gelatin triple helical renaturation level. The lowest permeability values [He and CO2 permeability (4.5 × 10−2 Barrer) with CO2/O2 selectivity of 14.5] were reached with gelatin/PEG 200 uncrosslinked membranes showing the highest renaturation level (40%). Crosslinking with FA lead to less rigid and brittle materials than GTA and to 10 times more permeable membranes compared with uncrosslinked membranes. Membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde broke during gas permeation measurements. Results demonstrated that higher gas permeability values were closely related to lower renaturation level of gelatin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 280–287
Robust passivity‐based control of switched‐reluctance motors
Authors: Loría Antonio , Espinosa‐Pérez Gerardo , Chumacero Erik
Published: November 2014

We propose a state‐feedback controller for switched‐reluctance motors as a preliminary step toward the solution of the sensorless control problem (without measurement of rotor variables). We establish global exponential stability. Furthermore, our controller renders the closed‐loop system robust to external disturbances, that is, input‐to‐state stable. Although there exist some works on sensorless control of switched‐reluctance motors, these consist mainly of ad hoc solutions without theoretical foundation. The few theoretically validated results in the literature are established under more stringent conditions such as knowledge of the load torque. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and Computational Investigations of Nanoparticle–Biomembrane Interactions in Cellular Delivery
Authors: Ding Hong‐ming , Ma Yu‐qiang
Published: November 2014

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have been widely used in many applications such as phototherapy, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. A better understanding of how nanoparticles interact with bio‐system (especially cells) is of great importance for their potential biomedical applications. In this review, the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational investigations is presented on the nanoparticle‐biomembrane interactions in cellular delivery. In particular, the determining parameters (including the properties of nanoparticles, cell membranes and environments) that govern the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (direct penetration and endocytosis) are discussed. Further, some special attention is paid to their interactions beyond the translocation of nanoparticles across membranes (e.g., nanoparticles escaping from endosome and entering into nucleus). Finally, a summary is given, and the challenging problems of this field in the future are identified.
Neubau Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke Hagelsbrunnenweg, Stuttgart
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan , Spalding Valerie , Dengler Christoph
Published: November 2014

Der Neubau einer Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke in Stahlbauweise ist in einem zu Stuttgart‐Vaihingen gehörigen Waldgebiet gelegen. Form und Konstruktion des Brückenbauwerks sind abgeleitet aus der ganzheitlichen Verknüpfung von gestalterischen Überlegungen mit funktionalen, statisch‐konstruktiven und fertigungstechnischen Randbedingungen. Ein besonderes Merkmal ist, dass auch die Brückenausrüstung mit großer Sorgfalt in das Gestaltkonzept integriert ist. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Objektplanung, die Tragwerksplanung sowie Herstellung und Montage des neuen Brückenbauwerks.

New pedestrian bridge Hagelsbrunnenweg, Stuttgart. The new steel pedestrian bridge in Stuttgart is situated in a woodland that is part of Stuttgart‐Vaihingen. Form and structure of this bridge result from consequently combining conceptual design aspects with functional, structural as well as production‐orientated considerations. Noteworthy is a detail design that is carefully integrating the bridge equipment. This article describes the conceptual design, the structural design as well as production and assembly of the new bridge.
Organic Cation and Complex Cation‐Stabilized (Poly‐)Selenides, [Cation]x(Sey)z: Diversity in Structures and Properties
Authors: Thiele Günther , Vondung Lisa , Donsbach Carsten , Pulz Susanne , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: November 2014

Based on the synthesis and characterization of a series of new (poly‐)selenide salts, a classification of anionic (poly‐)selenide‐containing compounds is proposed. The new compounds were categorized according to these classes. Synthetic approaches of organic cation‐stabilized (poly‐)selenide compounds that have been already known from literature are reviewed, along with the crystal structures of new compounds and some spectroscopic data, and an experimental and theoretical approach towards dichroism observed in some of the triselenides.
Performing elemental microanalysis with high accuracy and high precision by scanning electron microscopy/silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS)
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Ritchie Nicholas W. M.
Published: November 2014

Electron-excited X-ray microanalysis performed in the scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a core technique for characterization of the microstructure of materials. The recent advances in EDS performance with the silicon drift detector (SDD) enable accuracy and precision equivalent to that of the high spectral resolution wavelength-dispersive spectrometer employed on the electron probe microanalyzer platform. SDD-EDS throughput, resolution, and stability provide practical operating conditions for measurement of high-count spectra that form the basis for peak fitting procedures that recover the characteristic peak intensities even for elemental combination where severe peak overlaps occur, such PbS, MoS2, BaTiO3, SrWO4, and WSi2. Accurate analyses are also demonstrated for interferences involving large concentration ratios: a major constituent on a minor constituent (Ba at 0.4299 mass fraction on Ti at 0.0180) and a major constituent on a trace constituent (Ba at 0.2194 on Ce at 0.00407; Si at 0.1145 on Ta at 0.0041). Accurate analyses of low atomic number elements, C, N, O, and F, are demonstrated. Measurement of trace constituents with limits of detection below 0.001 mass fraction (1000 ppm) is possible within a practical measurement time of 500 s.
HER family kinase domain mutations promote tumor progression and can predict response to treatment in human breast cancer
Authors: Boulbes Delphine R. , Arold Stefan T. , Chauhan Gaurav B. , Blachno Korina V. , Deng Nanfu , Chang Wei-Chao , Jin Quanri , Huang Tzu-Hsuan , Hsu Jung-Mao , Brady Samuel W. , Bartholomeusz Chandra , Ladbury John E. , Stone Steve , Yu Dihua , Hung Mien-Chie , Esteva Francisco J.
Published: November 2014

Resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies remains a major obstacle in the treatment of HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer. Understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of drug resistance is needed to improve the clinical utility of novel agents, and to predict the success of targeted personalized therapy based on tumor‐specific mutations. Little is known about the clinical significance of HER family mutations in breast cancer. Because mutations within HER1/EGFR are predictive of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in lung cancer, we investigated whether mutations in HER family kinase domains are predictive of response to targeted therapy in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer. We sequenced the HER family kinase domains from 76 HER2‐overexpressing invasive carcinomas and identified 12 missense variants. Patients whose tumors carried any of these mutations did not respond to HER2 directed therapy in the metastatic setting. We developed mutant cell lines and used structural analyses to determine whether changes in protein conformation could explain the lack of response to therapy. We also functionally studied all HER2 mutants and showed that they conferred an aggressive phenotype and altered effects of the TKI lapatinib. Our data demonstrate that mutations in the finely tuned HER kinase domains play a critical function in breast cancer progression and may serve as prognostic and predictive markers.
North Sea palaeogeographical reconstructions for the last 1 Ma
Authors: Cohen K.M. , Gibbard P.L. , Weerts H.J.T.
Published: November 2014

The landscape evolution of the southern North Sea basin is complex and has left a geographically varying record of marine, lacustrine, fluvial and glacial sedimentation and erosion. Quaternary climatic history, which importantly included glaciation, combined with tectonics gave rise to cyclic and non-cyclic changes of sedimentation and erosion patterns. Large-scale landscape reorganisations left strong imprints in the preserved record, and are important for the detail that palaeogeographical reconstructions for the North Sea area can achieve. In the spirit of the North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF; Peeters et al., 2009), this paper provides background geological information regarding the North Sea. It summarises current stratigraphical and chronological frameworks and provides an overview of sedimentary environments. As we go back in time, the understanding of Quaternary palaeo-environmental evolution in the North Sea basin during the last 1 million years becomes decreasingly accurate, with degree of preservation and accuracy of age control equally important controls. Comparing palaeogeographical reconstructions for the Middle Pleistocene, the last interglacial-glacial cycle and the period following the Last Glacial Maximum illustrates this. More importantly, a series of palaeogeographical maps provide an account of basin-scale landscape change, which provides an overall framework for comparing landscape situations through time.
Reconstructing North Sea palaeolandscapes from 3D and high-density 2D seismic data: An overview
Authors: van Heteren S. , Meekes J.A.C. , Bakker M.A.J. , Gaffney V. , Fitch S. , Gearey B.R. , Paap B.F.
Published: November 2014

The North Sea subsurface shows the marks of long-term tectonic subsidence. Much of it contains a thick record of glacial and interglacial deposits and landscapes, formed during multiple glacial cycles and the associated regressions and transgressions during the past two million years. At times of lower sea level than today, areas that are presently submerged were fertile lowlands more favourable for hunting and gathering than the surrounding upland. These drowned lowlands are not captured by traditional 1:250,000 geological maps of the North Sea subsurface because the underlying seismic and core data are commonly too widely spaced to achieve this. Palaeolandscape mapping requires identification of building blocks with spatial scales in the order of 1 km or less. As high-density 2D and high-quality 3D seismics are becoming available for an increasing part of the North Sea, glacial and interglacial palaeolandscapes can be reconstructed for more and more areas. An overview of published palaeolandscape reconstructions shows that shallow time slices through 3D data provide map views that are very suitable for the identification of landscape elements. For optimal results, each time slice needs to be validated and ground-truthed with 2D seismics and with descriptions and analyses of cores and borehole samples. Interpretations should be made by teams of geoscientists with a sufficiently broad range of expertise to recognise and classify even subtle or unfamiliar patterns and features. The resulting reconstructions will provide a context and an environmental setting for Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic societies and finds.
U–Pb geochronology of the syn-orogenic Knaben molybdenum deposits, Sveconorwegian Orogen, Norway
Authors: BINGEN BERNARD , CORFU FERNANDO , STEIN HOLLY J. , WHITEHOUSE MARTIN J.
Published: November 2014

Paired isotope dilution – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb data elucidate geochronological relations in the historically important Knaben molybdenum mining district, Sveconorwegian Orogen, south Norway. This polyphase district providedc. 8.5 Mt of ore with a grade of 0.2%. It consists of mineralized quartz veins, silica-rich gneiss, pegmatites and aplites associated with a heterogeneous, locally sulphide-bearing, amphibolites facies gneiss called Knaben Gneiss, and hosted in a regional-scale monotonous, commonly weakly foliated, granitic gneiss. An augen gneiss at the Knaben I deposit yields a 1257±6 Ma magmatic zircon age, dating the pre-Sveconorwegian protolith of the Knaben Gneiss. Mineralized and non-mineralized granitic gneiss samples at the Knaben II and Kvina deposits contain some 1488–1164 Ma inherited zircon and yield consistent intrusion ages of 1032±4, 1034±6 and 1036±6 Ma. This age links magmatism in the district to the regional 1050–1020 Ma Sirdal I-type granite suite, corresponding to voluminous crustal melting during the Sveconorwegian orogeny. A high-U, low-Th/U zircon rim is present in all samples. It defines several age clusters between 1039±6 and 1009±7 Ma, peaking atc. 1016 Ma and overlapping with a monazite age of 1013±5 Ma. The rim records protracted hydrothermal activity, which started during the main magmatic event and outlasted it. This process was coeval with regional high-grade Sveconorwegian metamorphism. Molybdenum deposition probably started during this event when silica-rich mineralizing fluids or hydrous magmas were released from granite magma batches. An analogy between the Knaben district and shallow, short-lived porphyry Mo deposits is inappropriate.
The dangling participle – a language myth?
Authors: Ebner Carmen
Published: November 2014

Usage problems are a prickly affair. Not only are speakers' attitudes towards them divided and do they tend to fluctuate, but also the problematic statuses of alleged problems are debatable. Hence, studying usage problems sometimes feels like manoeuvring through a minefield. Stepping into the disputed terrain of language use requires a solid understanding of what the subject matter is, as well as what people think about these so-called usage problems.
The authenticity continuum: Towards a definition incorporating international voices
Authors: Pinner Richard
Published: November 2014

The choice of what materials to use in the language classroom is perhaps one of the most fundamentally important and difficult decisions teachers and those responsible for choosing textbooks are faced with. Authenticity is often seen as a desirable component in the content we select and adapt for our language learners, and it has been shown that authentic materials are more motivating, even for low-level learners (Peacock, 1997). The term authentic is often used to describe materials which were not originally designed for the purpose of language learning, but that were designed to have some purpose within the target language culture, such as a newspaper or novel. An unfortunate consequence of this is that authenticity is still often defined in reference to the target language's ‘native speakers’ or L1 community, particularly in EFL contexts, or what Kachru (1985) would label the Outer Circle communities. In other words, where English is taught as a foreign language, both teachers and students often regard ‘native-speakers’ as being the ideal model and therefore an example of authenticity. For example, Tan (2005) criticises corpora investigations of learner English for holding the view that authentic language use is equivalent to ‘native-speaker’ usages. She goes on to criticise not only corpus research but also textbook publishers for still not taking into account ‘the inextricable link between language and culture’ (2005: 127). In the academic world, culturally embedded notions of authenticity relating to ‘native-speakers’ have been challenged for decades (Smith, 1976). And yet I would argue that in mainstream textbooks and in most EFL language classrooms the native speaker still retains a ‘privileged position’ (Clark & Paran, 2007: 407). As Widdowson (1996: 68) puts it:

Authenticity concerns the reality of native-speaker language use: in our case, the communication in English which is realized by an English-speaking community. But the language which is real for native speakers is not likely to be real for learners […] They belong to another community and do not have the necessary knowledge of the contextual conditions which would enable them to authenticate English in native-speaker terms. Their reality is quite different.
A phantom to kill: The challenges for Chinese learners to use English as a global language
Authors: Zheng Yongyan
Published: November 2014

Very recently, the former spokesman of China's Ministry of Education launched a public attack on the national fervor for English learning in his personal blog (Xinhua News, 2013). He forcefully argued that too much time and energy has been spent on learning English as a foreign language, which has seriously jeopardized Chinese citizens’ first-language education, and called for the cancellation of English lessons in the primary school curriculum. Following this, the Beijing municipal commission of education announced its plan to reduce the English section of the National University Entrance Qualifying Exam (or gaokao) from 150 points to 100 points in major cities by 2016 so as to downplay the importance of English in the education system. A further report states that education authorities are also considering scrapping mandatory English lessons before the third grade. Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, as well as Shanghai, may remove English from the gaokao entirely (The Guardian, 2013).
Shopping for entertainment: malls and multiplexes in Sydney, Australia
Authors: BAILEY MATTHEW
Published: November 2014

This article examines multiplex cinema development and its close association with shopping centre expansion programmes in Australia. The article argues that while multiplex cinema construction in Australia echoed international developments, it also resulted from coalescing interests between local retail developers and film exhibitors, was guided by planning legislation and shaped by escalating institutional investment in the retail industry. Data mapping the emergence, growth and consolidation of multiplexes in Sydney, Australia's largest city, is used to illustrate this development, contributing to urban histories of the city and understandings of the ways in which its contours have been reshaped by consumer capitalism.
The Old Englishto-dative construction
Authors: DE CUYPERE LUDOVIC
Published: November 2014

In Present-day English (PDE), theto-dative construction refers to clauses likeJohn sold/offered/mentioned/gave the books to Mary, in which a ditransitive verb takes a Recipient that is expressed as ato-Prepositional Phrase (to-PP). This study examines theto-dative construction in Old English (OE). I show, first of all, that this construction was not rare in OE, in contrast to what has been suggested in the literature. Second, I report on two corpus studies in which I examined the ordering behaviour of the NP and theto-PP. The results of the first study suggest that the same ordering tendencies already existed in OE as in PDE: both the NP-to-PP and theto-PP-NP orders were grammatical, but the NP-to-PP was the most frequently used one. However, in OE, theto-PP-NP was more common than in PDE, where its use is heavily restricted. My second corpus study is informed by the multifactorial approach to the English dative alternation and uses a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of various linguistic (verbal semantics, pronominality, animacy, definiteness, number, person and length) and extra-linguistic variables (translation status, time of completion/manuscript) on the ordering of NP andto-PP. The main finding is that, generally speaking, the same factors that motivate the dative alternation in PDE were involved in OE as well. No evidence was found for the influence of verbal semantics nor of the extra-linguistic variables. Finally, I argue against the view thattowas semantically reanalysed from a Goal to a Recipient marker from OE to ME. Building on evidence that the Recipient use oftowas already embryonically present in OE, I make the case that this semantic change was far more gradual than traditionally assumed.
Results of the BRD CAP project: progress toward identifying genetic markers associated with BRD susceptibility
Authors: Van Eenennaam Alison , Neibergs Holly , Seabury Christopher , Taylor Jeremy , Wang Zeping , Scraggs Erik , Schnabel Robert D. , Decker Jared , Wojtowicz Andrzej , Aly Sharif , Davis Jessica , Blanchard Patricia , Crossley Beate , Rossitto Paul , Lehenbauer Terry , Hagevoort Robert , Chavez Erik , Neibergs J. Shannon , Womack James E.
Published: November 2014

The Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP) is a 5-year project funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), with an overriding objective to use the tools of modern genomics to identify cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. To do this, two large genome wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using a case:control design on preweaned Holstein dairy heifers and beef feedlot cattle. A health scoring system was used to identify BRD cases and controls. Heritability estimates for BRD susceptibility ranged from 19 to 21% in dairy calves to 29.2% in beef cattle when using numerical scores as a semi-quantitative definition of BRD. A GWAS analysis conducted on the dairy calf data showed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects explained 20% of the variation in BRD incidence and 17–20% of the variation in clinical signs. These results represent a preliminary analysis of ongoing work to identify loci associated with BRD. Future work includes validation of the chromosomal regions and SNPs that have been identified as important for BRD susceptibility, fine mapping of chromosomes to identify causal SNPs, and integration of predictive markers for BRD susceptibility into genetic tests and national cattle genetic evaluations.
The Faith of the Canaanite Woman (Mt. 15.21-28): Narrative, Theology, Ministry
Authors: Lee Dorothy A.
Published: November 2014

Matthew's story of the Canaanite woman is an unusual and disturbing story in the Gospel tradition. Alongside other Gentile stories in Matthew's very Jewish Gospel, it signifies the opening of the doors on the Gentiles and their inclusion in the community of faith. The woman's language and the silence of Jesus speak powerfully to the contemporary context within Anglicanism. The liturgical language she employs teaches us how to speak in worship, while Jesus’ silence addresses our own experience of suffering and the seeming deafness of God. In the end, the narrative, for all its exegetical difficulties, is a powerful story of communion and the ultimately gracious response of God. As Anglicans we need to recover the depths of our own speech, grounded in Scripture and the Book of Common Prayer, as expressions of the grace of an inclusive God who teaches us how to speak and how to wait in faith.
A Stable Binary BeB2 phase
Authors: Fan Changzeng , Jin Ye , Li Jian , Dong Xu
Published: November 2014

Potential crystal structures of BeB2 were explored using ab initio evolutionary simulations. A new phase with a Cmcm space group was uncovered. It was determined that the Cmcm phase is mechanically and dynamically stable and has a lower enthalpy, from ambient pressure up to 13 GPa, than any previously proposed phases, as measured using first-principles calculations. The crystal structure, phonon dispersion, phase transitions and mechanical and electronic properties of this phase were investigated. It was determined that the Cmcm phase may transform into the "Equation missing" phase at pressures higher than 13 GPa. The band structures and density of states reveal that the Cmcm phase is metallic. In addition, the Vickers hardness was calculated using three empirical models. To explain the origin of the hardness, charge density difference maps and a Mulliken population analysis were carried out, which demonstrated that there are strong covalent interactions between B atoms. By analyzing the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) diagrams, it was determined that the total interaction of the Be-B bonds is stronger than that of the B-B bonds, indicating a very complex bonding feature in the new phase. It was predicted that the new Cmcm phase is nearly absent of superconductivity.
Single step derivatization with CF3 enone of thiophene at ambient temperature to determine propellant grade hydrazines: a study by GC and GC-MS
Authors: Subramanian Selvakumar , Narayanasastri Somanathan , Kami Reddy Audisesha Reddy
Published: November 2014

A simple, highly selective and rapid gas chromatography method (packed column with flame ionization detection) has been developed to determine hydrazine and monomethylhydrazine individually and for selective determination of hydrazine in the UH 25 mixture in organic medium.
Alkane separation using nanoporous graphene membranes
Authors: Nieszporek Krzysztof , Drach Mateusz
Published: November 2014

The mechanism of alkane permeation across designed graphene nanopores has been studied using molecular dynamics simulations.
The significance of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle life-cycle energy and emissions and recycling's role in its reduction
Authors: Dunn J. B. , Gaines L. , Kelly J. C. , James C. , Gallagher K. G.
Published: November 2014

This article examines three key questions in environmental analysis of EVs and their batteries that influence EV-to-ICV comparative environmental performance.
Green synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles with potent anticancer activity using Taxus baccata extract
Authors: Kajani Abolghasem Abbasi , Bordbar Abdol-Khalegh , Zarkesh Esfahani Sayyed Hamid , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Razmjou Amir
Published: November 2014

Highly stable colloidal silver nanoparticles with potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells were synthesized using Taxus baccata extracts.
The investigation of transition metal doped CuGaS2 for promising intermediate band materials
Authors: Han Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaoli , Zeng Z.
Published: November 2014

Metal (Fe, Co and Ni) doped CuGaS2 systems are systematically investigated by using a screened-exchange hybrid density functional theory, which shows that Fe and Ni doped CuGaS2 systems are potential candidates for the photovoltaic area.
Multi-color cell imaging under identical excitation conditions with salicylideneaniline analogue-based fluorescent nanoparticles
Authors: Deng Hongping , Liu Bing , Yang Chao , Li Guolin , Zhuang Yuanyuan , Li Bo , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2014

Multi-color cell imaging under identical excitation conditions is realized with fluorescent nanoparticles of salicylideneaniline analogues.
Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyran-containing organic D–π–A sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chu Boyang , Wang Hong , Xerri Bertrand , Lee Ka-Ho , Yang Tingbin , Wang Zilong , Lin Zhenyang , Liang Yongye , Adamo Carlo , Yang Shihe , Sun Jianwei
Published: November 2014

Organic regioisomeric D–π–A sensitizers incorporating dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyran (DTP) unit have been designed and evaluated for DSSCs.
Synthesis of Er3+/Yb3+codoped NaMnF3nanocubes with single-band red upconversion luminescence
Authors: Bai Zhenhua , Lin Hui , Imakita Kenji , Montazami Reza , Fujii Minoru , Hashemi Nastaran
Published: November 2014

A facile synthetic method has been developed for fabrication of Er3+/Yb3+codoped NaMnF3nanocubes, which show pure red emission.
Electrodeposition of manganese dioxide film on activated carbon paper and its application in supercapacitors with high rate capability
Authors: Qiu Yongfu , Xu Pingru , Guo Bing , Cheng Zhiyu , Fan Hongbo , Yang Minlin , Yang Xiaoxi , Li Jianhui
Published: November 2014

The composite MnO2/ACP is reported for the first time and it shows high specific capacitance and remarkable rate capability.
Lamellae evolution of poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) copolymer induced by uniaxial stretching and subsequent heating
Authors: Wei Zhenzhen , Lun Ruixin , Lou Xueqin , Tian Feng , Lin Jinyou , Li Xiuhong , Yu Jianyong , Li Faxue
Published: November 2014

The structural evolution of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) copolymer was investigated during the uniaxial stretching and following heating processes via in situ small-angle X-ray scattering.
Density functional investigations on the catalytic cycle of the hydrogenation of aldehydes catalyzed by an enhanced ruthenium complex: an alcohol-bridged autocatalytic process
Authors: Lu Xi , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaoyin , Cheng Runjiao , Zhang Mingtao , Sun Xiaomin
Published: November 2014

A DFT study of the catalytic cycle of PhCHO hydrogenation catalyzed by Casey’s Ru-complex.
Highly selective aluminium-catalysed intramolecular Prins reaction for l-menthol synthesis
Authors: Itoh H. , Maeda H. , Yamada S. , Hori Y. , Mino T. , Sakamoto Masami
Published: November 2014

The perfect production of l-menthol.
Improving the dielectric constant and energy density of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites induced by surface-modified SrTiO3 nanofibers by polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Liu Shaohui , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2014

Schematic diagrams of the fabrication of composites.
Introduction of amino groups into acid-resistant MOFs for enhanced U(vi) sorption
Authors: Bai Zhi-Qiang , Yuan Li-Yong , Zhu Lin , Liu Zhi-Rong , Chu Sheng-Qi , Zheng Li-Rong , Zhang Jing , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: November 2014

Amine grafting on MOFs greatly enhances the adsorbability of Cr-MIL-101 towards U(vi) from an aqueous solution, and the enhancement depends on the coverage and flexibility of the grafted amino group.
New versatile Pt supports composed of graphene sheets decorated by Fe2O3nanorods and N-dopants with high activity based on improved metal/support interactions
Authors: Dai Yunqian , Chai Yunling , Sun Yibai , Fu Wanlin , Wang Xiaotian , Gu Qing , Zeng Tingying Helen , Sun Yueming
Published: November 2014

Improved catalytic performance was achieved when the well-designed Fe2O3/N-RGO sheets served as a new and versatile scaffold for Pt nanocrystals.
Amorphous carbon coating for improving the field emission performance of SiC nanowire cores
Authors: Zhang M. , Li Z. J. , Zhao J. , Gong L. , Meng A. L. , Liu X. L. , Fan X. Y. , Qi X. L.
Published: November 2014

Amorphous carbon-decorated SiC nanowires with a turn-on field of 0.5 V μm−1 have been obtained, and the electrical transport mechanism is illustrated.
Two-dimensional positive column structure in a discharge tube with radius discontinuity
Authors: Zobnin A. V. , Usachev A. D. , Petrov O. F. , Fortov V. E.
Published: November 2014

The low-pressure (40 and 90 Pa) low-current (4 and 10 mA) direct current discharge in a tube with a sharp change of its radius is studied both numerically and experimentally. A fully self-consistent hybrid numerical model of a two-dimensional non-uniform positive column in neon is developed using a nonlocal approach. The model combines kinetic simulation of the electrons (under two-terms approach) and fluid description of the neon ions and permits to calculate the distribution of all plasma parameters in the direct current discharges in the cameras with cylindrical geometry and radius discontinuity. The simulation results are compared with the measured 585.3 nm neon spectral line absolute intensities and excited 1s3 metastable neon atom number densities. Non-local electron kinetics in the transition region and formation of standing strata are discussed.
State, Scientists and Citizens: Conserving Lake Magenta and Dragon Rocks, Western Australia
Authors: Gaynor Andrea
Published: November 2014

The story of efforts to establish two major nature reserves in the south-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia illuminates some of the many factors shaping the interaction of citizens, scientists, land management bureaucracies, and other stakeholders around the creation of conservation reserves in a semi-arid region in the mid-20th century. This article highlights the significance of citizen scientists as well as professionals in the reservation process, and traces the increasingly strained relationship between Lands and conservation bureaucracies in the context of the rise of the new environment movement. It also points to the importance of international ideas about conservation aims and methods, and suggests that although shifting appraisals of the productive potential of the land were critical to the outcome of negotiations over the proposed reserves, in this period these semi-arid lands were increasingly valued for their scientific and intrinsic qualities.
Renfrey Burnard Potts 1925–2005
Authors: Campbell L. H. , Taylor P. G.
Published: November 2014

Ren Potts was an Australian applied mathematician whose early work in statistical mechanics later became influential: the ‘Potts Model' became his most cited work. As Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Adelaide for thirty years, he built up an excellent Department of Mathematics and had a major influence on the development of Applied Mathematics in Australia. His work in transportation science and operations research is well known. Ren Potts was a gifted teacher and an inspiring research leader. He was an early advocate of close co-operation between academia and industry, was an early adopter of computing for research and teaching, and was a pioneer in forging new links between Australian universities and the South-East Asian region.
Hidden cycle of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean
Authors: Follett Christopher L. , Repeta Daniel J. , Rothman Daniel H. , Xu Li , Santinelli Chiara
Published: November 2014

Significance

Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contains as much carbon as Earth’s atmosphere, yet its cycling timescales and composition remain poorly constrained. We use serial oxidation experiments to measure the quantitative distribution of carbon isotopes inside the DOC reservoir, allowing us to estimate both its cycling timescales and source distribution. We find that a large portion of deep water DOC has a modern radiocarbon age and a fast turnover time supported by particle dissolution. In addition, stable carbon isotopes allow for diverse sources of carbon, besides microbial production, to quantitatively feed this reservoir. Our work suggests a DOC cycle that is far more intricate, and potentially variable on shorter timescales, than previously envisioned.
Azilsartan Is Associated With Increased Circulating Angiotensin-(1–7) Levels and Reduced Renovascular 20-HETE Levels
Authors: Carroll Mairéad A. , Kang YounJung , Chander Praveen N. , Stier Charles T.
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Activation of angiotensin (ANG) II type 1 receptors (AT1R) promotes vasoconstriction, inflammation, and renal dysfunction. In this study, we addressed the ability of azilsartan (AZL), a new AT1R antagonist, to modulate levels of plasma ANG-(1–7) and renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE).

METHODS

Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with ANG II (125ng/min) or vehicle (VEH). AZL (3mg/kg/day) or VEH was administered starting 1 day prior to ANG II or VEH infusion. On day 10, plasma was obtained for measurement of ANG-(1–7) and kidneys for isolation of microvessels for EET and 20-HETE determination and histological evaluation.

RESULTS

Mean 24-hour blood pressure (BP) was not different between VEH and AZL treatment groups, whereas the BP elevation with ANG II infusion (121±5mm Hg) was completely normalized with AZL cotreatment (86±3mm Hg). The ANG II-induced renal damage was attenuated and cardiac hypertrophy prevented with AZL cotreatment. Plasma ANG-(1–7) levels (pg/ml) were increased with AZL treatment (219±22) and AZL + ANG II infusion (264±93) compared to VEH controls (74.62±8). AZL treatment increased the ratio of EETs to their dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) metabolites and reduced 20-HETE levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with AZL completely antagonized the elevation of BP induced by ANG II, prevented cardiac hypertrophy, attenuated renal damage, and increased ANG-(1–7) and EET/DHET ratio while diminishing 20-HETE levels. Increased ANG-(1–7) and EETs levels may emerge as novel therapeutic mechanisms contributing to the antihypertensive and antihypertrophic actions of AZL treatment and their relative role compared to AT1R blockade may depend on the etiology of the hypertension.
Variability in Puccinia melanocephala Pathogenicity and Resistance in Sugarcane Cultivars
Authors: Hoy J. W. , Avellaneda M. C. , Bombecini J.
Published: November 2014

Brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an important disease of sugarcane worldwide, controlled primarily with host plant resistance. Disease response shifts from resistant to susceptible have been repeatedly observed for cultivars. However, information is limited concerning pathogen variability related to host reactions. To evaluate variability in the pathogen population and characterize resistance responses in different host genotypes, seven cultivars were inoculated with four urediniospore collections from three cultivars. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated under controlled conditions favorable for infection and disease development. Severity assessed as leaf area occupied by lesions, lesion density, and lesion size was determined and compared. Three cultivars that shifted from resistance to high susceptibility while under cultivation exhibited differential disease severity when inoculated with spore collections from two of the respective cultivars. Two cultivars exhibited consistent moderate to high levels of quantitative resistance against all spore collections and two cultivars, including one with the Bru1 resistance gene, were highly resistant to all collections. Differential reactions were best revealed by assessing percent leaf area. Pathogenic variability related to host genotype was confirmed, and quantitative resistance was detected that could be useful to improve breeding and selection for effective, durable resistance to brown rust.
Timing in talking: what is it used for, and how is it controlled?
Authors: Turk Alice , Shattuck-Hufnagel Stefanie
Published: November 2014

In the first part of the paper, we summarize the linguistic factors that shape speech timing patterns, including the prosodic structures which govern them, and suggest that speech timing patterns are used to aid utterance recognition. In the spirit of optimal control theory, we propose that recognition requirements are balanced against requirements such as rate of speech and style, as well as movement costs, to yield (near-)optimal planned surface timing patterns; additional factors may influence the implementation of that plan. In the second part of the paper, we discuss theories of timing control in models of speech production and motor control. We present three types of evidence that support models of speech production that involve extrinsic timing. These include (i) increasing variability with increases in interval duration, (ii) evidence that speakers refer to and plan surface durations, and (iii) independent timing of movement onsets and offsets.
Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 64, part 8, of the IJSEM
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: November 2014

This listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol
41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
Corrosion analysis of G105 coating drill-pipe washout
Authors: Lian Zhouyang , Chen Dongsheng , Wei Wuji , Zhou Yongzhang , Jiang Juncheng
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason of G105 coated drill-pipes suffering from washout after drilling for 70000–80000 m.

Design/methodology/approach

– The microstructure, micromorphology and corrosion products near the washout were analyzed by metallurgical microscopy, SEM and EDS.

Findings

– Results showed the metallographic microstructure of the material was typical tempered sorbite. No fatigue crack was observed. Drill-pipe washout was caused mainly by the inclusion of MnS in steel because of the excess S and by damaged coating, both of which induced pit nucleation and promoted the pitting corrosion process. The corrosion hole extended from the interior to the exterior, which resulted in the fracturing of the external drill-pipe surface under pressure.

Originality/value

– This paper can give practical help to the selection of drill pipe materials in the future.
Carburization behavior of high velocity oxy fuel sprayed metallic coatings at 900°C
Authors: Quddus Abdul , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Saricimen Huseyin
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) coated SS-310 samples in a carburizing environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– The carburization behavior of metallic coatings with three different compositions was studied under isothermal carburizing exposure conditions at 900°C for 125 hours. The coatings were deposited on SS 310 substrates using the HVOF technique. The ASTM Standard method was used to evaluate coating adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and weight gain were used to evaluate the surface morphology, microchemical composition, phase constitution and degree of environmental protection imparted by the coatings.

Findings

– The experimental results indicate that Ni-rich coating offered better protection to SS 310 alloy compared to Co-rich coatings in carburizing environments. This was thought to be due to the formation of a continuous protective layer of Cr2O3on the Ni-rich coating surface.

Originality/value

– The study has direct practical relevance to the petrochemical industry, particularly for refinery applications. In refinery service, SS310 is used in header damper plates. The useful service life of such header plates can be extended by the use of high temperature corrosion resistant metallic coatings. The present investigation highlighted the protection offered by Ni-based HVOF coated SS-310 samples in carburizing environment.
The determinants of capital structure in Peru
Authors: Gómez Gerardo , Mena Rivas Ana , Lizarzaburu Bolaños Edmundo R.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence in the capital structure of non‐financial companies listed in the Stock Exchange of Lima.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this goal, the authors used the panel data model with random effects. The study of the capital structure has focussed on the Trade‐off Theory which states that firms finance their investments for tax benefits, while the Pecking Order Theory states that companies have an order of priority on obtaining funding.

Findings

The results obtained confirm that profitability, size, collateral value of assets (CVA) and non‐debt tax shields (NDTS) are the factors that determine the level of long‐term debt of these Peruvian companies.

Practical implications

The results obtained confirm that profitability, size, CVA and NDTS are the factors that determine the level of long‐term debt of these Peruvian companies.

Originality/value

This paper is a first contribution on the determinants of the level of indebtedness of the companies in Peru. There is an extensive literature on the determinants of capital structure, but it is the first work done for the business sector in Peru.
Influence of farmers’ behavioral attitudes on hedging decisions
Authors: da Silveira Rodrigo Lanna Franco , Gori Maia Alexandre , Cruz Júnior José César , Macchione Saes Maria Sylvia
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors, including behavior, that impact the knowledge and use of futures contracts among Brazilian coffee producers. The results are based on primary data obtained from a sample of 244 farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

A multinomial logistic regression model is adjusted to analyze the determinants of the producers’ choices.

Findings

The results show that behavioral variables play an important role in the decision to use futures contracts: risk propensity, self‐confidence in management, and the level of market monitoring. Variables such as education and crop size also factor into this decision.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this study is that the analysis of farmers’ decisions and behavior was limited to one year. Future research which examines a more comprehensive group of producers over a longer period can reveal in more detail the determining factors for the use of futures contracts as a price risk management tool in the coffee market.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to interview Brazilian coffee producers about their hedging decisions on a large scale. The main contributions this paper makes to the literature are the inclusion of behavioral variables in its analysis that will prove valuable in both future research and in the investment industry.
The duration of financial stress
Authors: Zafra‐Gómez José Luis , López‐Hernández Antonio M. , Plata Díaz Ana María , López Gemma Pérez
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Financial stress features frequently as an explanatory factor in research into decisions concerning the contracting out, or decentralisation, of local public services, though existing empirical studies are not unanimous in their conclusions. The understanding of how financial crises influence these processes could be enhanced by the use of a dynamic methodology that takes into account the following three aspects: the duration of the financial stress, the effectiveness of the action taken and the time‐lag between the crisis and the response. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This study introduces three important innovations in the methodology employed to study financial stress: the consideration of the duration of a financial stress episode as a key factor in promoting changes in the provision of public services; the effectiveness of the measures taken; and time‐lag, which takes into account the extended time horizon over which the local authority may implement business‐like and organisational changes.

Findings

To date, the techniques used to measure the effects of changes in service delivery methods implemented to alleviate financial stress, have not reflected the true nature of the phenomenon. The results obtained when the new approach proposed in this paper was used to examine Spanish local government responses to financial stress during the period 1999‐2007 confirm that the methodology is well‐judged and effective.

Originality/value

This study reveals that local authorities facing financial stress of two, three or four years’ duration present percentages of decentralisation and contracting‐out that are significantly higher than is the case for local authorities that implement the same processes in response to crises of one year. These findings confirm the need to carry out studies that include the duration of financial crises as a determinant factor in change processes.