bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jean bar Penkayé, Le Livre du Marchand : édition et traduction des deux centuries conservées
Authors: Phillips David
Published: February 2022

Jean bar Penkayé fait partie des auteurs ascético-mystiques syro-orientaux du 7e siècle. Son Livre du Marchand comportait originalement sept centuries, mais seulement deux ont été conservés. L’article présente une editio pinceps du texte syriaque, accompagnée d’une traduction française. Le texte est volontairement énigmatique, mais renoue avec d’autres auteurs contemporains et aussi avec Évagre le Pontique.
La tradition du Discours sur Cyprien de Grégoire de Nazianze : quelques observations
Authors: Somers Véronique
Published: February 2022

L’examen de collections liturgiques illustrées des Discours de Grégoire de Nazianze attribuées à trois copistes anonymes selon des critères paléographiques, codicologiques et « artistiques » soulevait la question de savoir si la production d’un copiste découlait nécessairement d’un unique modèle. Une analyse des mêmes collections d’après d’autres critères (l’acolouthie des Discours et leur présentation), associée à l’examen de critères textuels d’un des seize Discours, en l’occurrence l’Or. 24, a permis de confirmer cette conclusion tout en jetant une lumière, toute relative en raison de la taille de l’échantillon, sur la complexité de la tradition manuscrite de ce Discours.
Pierre de Callinique et les versions syriaques des Homélies de Grégoire de Nazianze. Un premier sondage
Authors: Van Rompay Lucas
Published: February 2022

À la suite de l’édition récente de plusieurs Homélies syriaques de Grégoire de Nazianze, par J.-C. Haelewyck et A.B. Schmidt, on peut se demander dans quelle mesure la tradition indirecte pourrait contribuer à notre connaissance du développement de la traduction syriaque. L’article veut commencer à répondre à cette question, par l’analyse des citations de l’Homélie 40, « Sur le baptême », dans le Traité contre Damien de Pierre de Callinique, patriarche syriaque ortho-doxe entre 580/1 et 591. Il s’avère non seulement que Pierre ou son traducteur connaissait et utilisait une version de Sm, l’étape intermédiaire entre la traduction ancienne (S1) et la révision de Paul d’Édesse (S2), mais aussi qu’il jouait un rôle actif dans le processus continu de la révi-sion du texte.
Réflexions sur le nom et le statut de Faustulus, père nourricier de Romulus et Rémus
Authors: Meurant Alain
Published: February 2022

L’étude du nom et du statut de Faustulus, le père adoptif de Romulus et Rémus, révèle que, par le biais de ses liens onomastiques avec Faunus, ce généreux protecteur bienfaiteur sur les jumeaux albains à la fois des connotations royales et la protection dont Mars, leur père « biologique » les gratifie, deux qualités nécessaires à la suppression d’Amulius comme à leur prétention à fonder Rome.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN BURNOUT SYNDROME PADA PERAWAT DI RSUD BAHTERAMAS, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Sujanah Wiwin , Pratiwi Arum Dian , Akifah Akifah
Published: February 2022

Working as a nurse has the demands of heavy work in nursing care so that easy to experience fatigue can lead to burnout syndrome. Burnout syndrome is the occurrence of emotional fatigue, depressiveization, and decreased achievement of personal achievement due to stress that is often experienced by a worker and lasts a long time that causes negative attitudes towards a person. This study aims to find out the factors related to burnout syndrome in nurses in the Inpatient Installation of Bahteramas Hospital in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of research is observational analytics with a Cross Sectional Study approach. The population in this study was inpatient room nurses with a sample of 147 nurses selected with random sampling techniques. Data collection using maslach burnout inventory questionnaire, then analyzed using chi-square test. The results of this study showed that bound variables are associated with workloads with (p-value=0.000), dual roles (p-value=0.004), personality types (p-value =0.000) and there is no relationship between leadership style variables with burnout syndrome (p-value=0.164). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between workload, dual role, and personality type with burnout syndrome, while the leadership style has no relationship with burnout syndrome in nurses in the Inpatient Installation of Bahteramas Hospital in Southeast Sulawesi Province. It is expected that the hospital needs to share the workload in accordance with the duties of nurses and the importance of nurses themselves make efforts to manage stress so that nurses can work well and can provide optimal services.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN LAYANAN TELEMEDICINE PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PULAU JAWA
Authors: Siboro Maylin Djuana , Surjoputro Antono , Budiyanti Rani Tiyas
Published: February 2022

The spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has prompted the government to urge health agencies to develop telemedicine and direct people to minimize activities outside the home, including visiting health services. In its implementation, the use of telemedicine has increased rapidly even though it is still in the development stage and there is no specific regulation. Java Island as a region with a high number of COVID-19 cases has the potential to utilize telemedicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic on the island of Java. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents of the study were 269 people using the incidental sampling method. The results of this study indicate factors related to the use of telemedicine services during the Covid-19 period in Java, namely knowledge (p = 0.000), attitude (p = 0.000), trust (p = 0.000), accessibility (p = 0.000), role environment (p = 0.000), individual health assessment (p = 0.000), and perceived benefits (p = 0.006). Meanwhile, the unrelated factor was the perception of obstacles (p = 0.090). It is recommended that the government formulate telemedicine regulations related to patient protection guarantees, medical record safety, information and communication technology standards, and quality assurance. The health office conducts telemedicine education to the public and supervises telemedicine providers to ensure that services remain integrated with the health facilities.
PEMETAAN PERSEBARAN KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI DESA WEDARIJAKSA, KECAMATAN WEDARIJAKSA, KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Massaid Adji Bayu , Hestiningsih Retno , Wuryanto M. Arie , Sutiningsih Dwi
Published: February 2022

DHF is a contagious disease that has become a priority public health problem in Indonesia. DHF is transmitted through female Aedes spp. Carrying the dengue virus in her body. There were 107 cases and one death in Pati Regency, the purpose of this study was to map the distribution of dengue cases and conduct a survey of Aedes spp larvae and determine the type of Aedes spp mosquito vector in the area of dengue cases that died in Wedarijaksa District. This study used a descriptive observational method with a cross sectional research design and was carried out in August - November 2020. The samples of this study were all dengue fever incidence houses in Wedarijaksa Village and houses potentially affected by dengue. From the results obtained, cases have a group pattern and the average larvae are found in the bathtub in the residents' houses. The risk of transmission in Wedarijaksa Village is classified as moderate because DF> 1 (DF = 3,3), HI> 1, BI <50%. All of the mosquito larvae found were Aedes aegypti.
Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria associated with Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M.Bieb and their plant beneficial traits
Authors: Alikulov Begali , Shurigin Vyacheslav , Davranov Kakhramon , Ismailov Zafar
Published: February 2022

Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M.Bieb. is a halophyte desert plant. The plant is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and phytoremediation properties. Halocnemum strobilaceum grows in severe salinity and drought conditions and its’ survival can be associated with activity of endophytic bacteria. The aim of the research was to reveal and study plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M.Bieb. The plants were collected from Kyzylkum desert in Uzbekistan. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M.Bieb. tissues and screened for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth-promoting activity. As a result the most active isolates HAST-2, HAST-7, HAST-9, HAST-10 and HAST-17 were selected. The cotton seeds’ inoculation with these bacterial isolates resulted in significant improvement of seeds germination, root and shoot length, and fresh plant weight due to their ability to fix nitrogen, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophores and solubilize phosphates. The chosen isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis and registered in GenBank (NCBI) as Bacillus megaterium HAST-2, Bacillus aryabhattai HAST-7, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida HAST-9, Pseudomonas putida HAST-10 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis HAST-17. These strains can be used as bio-inoculants to improve the growth of cotton and other crops.
A study of RCS depressurization strategy of CPR1000 SAMG
Authors: Yu Peizhao , Zheng Jianxiang , Li Jun , Miao Huifang , Wu Ling , Gu Danying
Published: February 2022

CPR1000 severe accident management guideline (SAMG) is a product of the Westinghouse Owners Group (WOG) SAMG and the French SAMG (called GIAG) combination. It adopts the structure of WOG SAMG. However, it follows the approach of GIAG performing reactor coolant system (RCS) depressurization immediately after entering SAMG. This is a special feature of CPR1000 SAMG. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this RCS depressurization strategy. The simulations of a station blackout (SBO) accident are performed for CPR1000 with RCS depressurization strategy adopted at both core exit temperature (CET) of 650 and 1100 °C together with opening different number of safety relief valves (SRV) using an integral severe accident analysis code. The optimized RCS depressurization strategy is provided to delay the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure time. And some comments are provided for future improvement.
andamiaje de la externalización de las políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos en México y Centroamérica
Authors: Vega-Macías Daniel
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la tendencia creciente de la externalización del control migratorio por parte de Estados Unidos a través de una injerencia cada vez mayor en México y en Centroamérica para llevar a cabo su agenda migratoria. A partir del análisis de las políticas migratorias implementadas en la región en las últimas dos décadas, es posible argumentar que Estados Unidos ha llevado a cabo esfuerzos cada vez más intensos y elaborados para contener los flujos migratorios antes de que lleguen a su frontera con México, ya sea a partir de acuerdos para el control migratorio directo o mediante estrategias de cooperación al desarrollo. Sin embargo, esta llamada "externalización de la política migratoria” ha sido ineficaz para reducir de manera sostenida los flujos migratorios. Por el contrario, haconducido a un enfoque de securitización de la migración, lo cual compromete los derechos de los migrantes y refugiados a la protección internacional y a la asistencia humanitaria.
“I Think That I Have a Good Understanding of How to Protect Myself”: A Qualitative Study About HIV Risk Perceptions Among Men and Gender Diverse Individuals Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Resnick Daniel , Schapira Marilyn M. , Andrews Mary E. , Essoka-Lasenberry Amadi , Davis-Vogel Annet , Bauermeister José A. , Wood Sarah M.
Published: February 2022

This qualitative study aimed to determine how men and gender diverse individuals who have sex with men describe their perceived risk of HIV and what factors influence this risk assessment. We conducted in-depth, virtual interviews with 18 HIV-negative individuals from Philadelphia, eligible for or taking PrEP. The interviews assessed the participants’ understanding of their HIV risk, using thematic analysis to deductively code and extract themes. Three themes emerged: (1) participants expressed both deliberative and affective risk perception before and after sexual encounters; (2) participants linked HIV knowledge to risk perception and stigma; (3) participants connected intrinsic and extrinsic factors to risk perception differently. Participants endorsed low overall risk perception, while also describing moments of high affective risk perception after sexual encounters in which they were not able to implement their preferred prevention strategies. Future research should explore helping individuals transform affective risk perception into empowerment around sexual health.
Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh 2,4-D dan Kinetin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Morfologi Sel Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta)
Authors: Sri Puspitasari Anisa Dewi , Habibah Noor Aini
Published: February 2022

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) bioactive compounds that can be used for treatment. Cell culture is a method that can be used to produce bioactive compounds from plant. The success of cell culture techniques is influenced by the type and concentration of plant growth  (PGR). This study aims to analyze the effect of 2,4-D and kinetin on the growth and morphology of gembili cells. Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 2,4-D and kinetin (1 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin; 1 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm kinetin; 0,5 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin; 0,5 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm kinetin; and 0 ppm 2,4-D + 0 ppm kinetin) were used for gembili cell growth. The observed parameters are fresh weight and morphology of cells. The results showed that the combination of 1 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin produces the highest fresh weight (2,1782 g). The resulting cells are predominantly globular, but there are some that differentiate into elongated ones. Cell color in all treatments was variated from light brown to darker brown. The findings may provide preliminary information using cell suspension cultures in the production of secondary metabolites from Dioscorea esculenta.

 

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan. Kultur sel merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk produksi senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan. Keberhasilan dari teknik kultur sel di antaranya dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ZPT 2,4-D dan kinetin terhadap pertumbuhan dan morfologi sel gembili. Variabel bebas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi antara ZPT 2,4-D dan kinetin (1 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin; 1 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm kinetin; 0,5 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin; 0,5 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm kinetin; dan 0 ppm 2,4-D + 0 ppm kinetin). Tipe kultur yang digunakan adalah kultur suspensi sel menggunakan media MS dengan penggojogan. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini yaitu berat basah dan morfologi sel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi antara ZPT 1 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin menghasilkan berat basah yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 2,1782 gram. Sel yang dihasilkan dominan berbentuk globular, namun ada beberapa yang berdiferensiasi menjadi memanjang, sedangkan warna sel bervariasi dari cokelat muda hingga cokelat tua. Temuan dapat menjadi informasi awal menggunakan kultur suspensi sel dalam produksi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari gembili.
INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA TARIFAÇÃO DO VALOR DOS DANOS EXTRAPATRIMONIAIS INTRODUZIDA PELA REFORMA TRABALHISTA NO BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Borges da Fonseca Bruno , Nacif Barbosa Vinícius
Published: February 2022

Esta pesquisa analisou a constitucionalidade da tarifação dos danos extrapatrimoniais decorrentes das relações de trabalho. Essa previsão foi introduzida pela Reforma Trabalhista ocorrida no Brasil em 2017. O estudo definiu os danos extrapatrimoniais na perspectiva do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, apresentou a alteração promovida pela Reforma Trabalhista relativa à introdução da tarifação do valor do dano moral a partir do salário do respectivo trabalhador lesado e examinou decisões dos tribunais superiores sobre o tema, inclusive os argumentos constantes da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade 6050 cujo pedido foi o de  declarar a inconstitucionalidade dessa nova previsão normativa. Ademais, a partir da dialética, foram expostos fundamentos defensores da constitucionalidade e da inconstitucionalidade do novo preceito. O estudo concluiu, com base no princípios da reparação integral dos danos, da proporcionalidade e da dignidade da pessoa humana, que é inconstitucional a previsão normativa de tarifação do valor do dano moral no direito do trabalho.
RESEÑA DEL WEBINAR COVID-19, DIGITALIZAÇAO DA SOCIEDADE E OUTROS DESAFIOS PARA O DIREITO DO CONSUMO
Authors: Del Campo Alvarez Borja
Published: February 2022

El pasado 12 de febrero de 2021 se celebró virtualmente el seminario web “COVID-19, digitalización de la sociedad y otros desafíos para el Derecho de consumo”. El evento, organizado por el E-tec de Jus-Gov, la Escola de Direito de la Universidade do Minho, el grupo “De Conflictu Legum” y la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, contó con la participación de reputados investigadores portugueses, españoles y brasileños. A lo largo de estas líneas se ofrece un resumen de las ideas más relevantes expuestas a lo largo de la jornada.
ARGELIA Y LA SEGURIDAD EN EL SAHEL
Authors: Lacasa Bayod Rosa
Published: February 2022

Resumen: El Sahel se está convirtiendo en el refugio y dominio de dos grandes peligros para la seguridad mundial, el terrorismo y la criminalidad organizada, que han adquirido un carácter transnacional indiscutible, que concierne a todos los países del mundo. Si bien esto es cierto y, requiere de la máxima cooperación a nivel de inteligencia estratégica, de fuerzas armadas y policía, hay también un nivel social que atender, en el caso de África, su endémico subdesarrollo. Esta actuación multifacética y de nivel internacional, no podemos olvidar que debe ser canalizada a través de los países afectados directamente. En el caso del Sahel, es indiscutible el liderazgo de Argelia en la región en asuntos de seguridad. Su situación política actual, la sucesión de Bouteflika, y el problema estructural de su economía que la hace dependiente, plantea la necesidad de analizar su situación y tenerla en cuenta en los cálculos geoestratégicos, sobre todo a la hora de no desperdiciar una oportunidad única de recuperar a África e incorporarla como actor importante en la lucha antiterrorista y contra el crimen organizado, cortándoles así la retirada a un refugio fácil, contribuyendo a la seguridad internacional.
LA CORRELACIÓN MUTUA ENTRE EL CIBERESPACIO, LA POLÍTICA Y LO POLÍTICO: EL CASO DE LAS ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES MEXICANAS DE 2006,2012 Y 2018
Authors: Ángeles Guerrero Ernesto
Published: February 2022

Actualmente el ciberespacio y el internet están en prácticamente todo el mundo, aún en países de mediano y poco desarrollo, esta capacidad de penetración ha conducido y ha generado cambios sustanciales en las capacidades y ejercicio de poder por parte de actores estatales y no estatales, así como también dentro de la sociedad; sin embargo, el propio ciberespacio está condicionado por el ejercicio político de entidades políticas.

Esta tensión se traduce en herramientas nuevas usadas en prácticas viejas o en prácticas nuevas impulsadas por el ciberespacio y adaptadas a un contexto e intereses en específicos.

El caso de las elecciones federales en México a lo largo de tres periodos presidenciales da cuenta de la relación mencionada anteriormente, ya que muestra la simbiosis entre el ciberespacio y el sistema político y social, con todas sus limitantes técnicas, sus intereses detrás y una serie de pautas de ejercicio político propias de México, las cuales coinciden con la limitación de opciones que brinda el ciberespacio.

A su vez, el desenlace en la última elección federal (2018), y la conclusión de este escrito, muestra la no correlación con la linealidad de un posible argumento que simplifique la relación ciberespacio-política a manera de “mayor capacidad e inversión en el ciberespacio = mejores resultados o mayor capacidad de determinación en los resultados”.
Household Transmission and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Authors: McLean Huong Q. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Hanson Kayla E. , Zhu Yuwei , Deyoe Jessica E. , Meece Jennifer K. , Halasa Natasha B. , Chappell James D. , Mellis Alexandra M. , Reed Carrie , Belongia Edward A. , Talbot H. Keipp , Rolfes Melissa A.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

Examine age differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risk from primary cases and infection risk among household contacts and symptoms among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS

People with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nashville, Tennessee and central and western Wisconsin and their household contacts were followed daily for 14 days to ascertain symptoms and secondary transmission events. Households were enrolled between April 2020 and April 2021. Secondary infection risks (SIR) by age of the primary case and contacts were estimated using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

The 226 primary cases were followed by 198 (49%) secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections among 404 household contacts. Age group-specific SIR among contacts ranged from 36% to 53%, with no differences by age. SIR was lower in primary cases age 12 to 17 years than from primary cases 18 to 49 years (risk ratio [RR] 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19–0.91). SIR was 55% and 45%, respectively, among primary case-contact pairs in the same versus different age group (RR 1.47; 95% CI 0.98–2.22). SIR was highest among primary case-contact pairs age ≥65 years (76%) and 5 to 11 years (69%). Among secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections, 19% were asymptomatic; there was no difference in the frequency of asymptomatic infections by age group.

CONCLUSIONS

Both children and adults can transmit and are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SIR did not vary by age, but further research is needed to understand age-related differences in probability of transmission from primary cases by age.
CACERÍA EN UNA COMUNIDAD CAMPESINA DE LA SIERRA DE HUAUTLA, MORELOS, MÉXICO
Authors: Valle Marquina Raúl , FLORES ALEJANDRO GARCÍA , Monroy Martínez Rafael , Monroy Ortiz Rafael , Monroy Ortiz Columba , Colín Bahena Hortensia
Published: February 2022

La Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla es un reservorio de biodiversidad del trópico seco mexicano. Las comunidades campesinas que la habitan históricamente han aprovechado los recursos naturales para su subsistencia, entre ellos la fauna silvestre. Con el objetivo de caracterizar las prácticas de cacería en la comunidad de Pitzotlán, Morelos, se aplicaron entrevistas a diez campesinos locales, así como observación participante, recorridos guiados y registro de la caza durante siete meses. Se registraron 37 especies de fauna con valor de uso, principalmente para alimento (57 %), disminuir daños agropecuarios (49 %) y en la medicina tradicional (27 %). De septiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2019 se contabilizó la captura de 70 individuos pertenecientes a 17 especies en 41 eventos de cacería. Las especies con mayor porcentaje de individuos capturados fueron iguana negra Ctenosaura pectinata (19 %), huilota Zenaida spp. (19 %), tejon Nasua narica (14 %), venado Odocoileus virginianus (10 %) y tortola Columbina inca (9 %). Se estimó un total de 278,93 kg de biomasa consumida, el 80 % aportada por el venado cola blanca. La cacería se realizó en un radio de 3.5 km del entorno comunitario, por medio de “espiadas”, “arreadas”, “acorralamiento”, “lampareadas”, el uso de perros y en eventos oportunistas. La cacería es una actividad complementaria a las estrategias de subsistencia de la comunidad estudiada, cuyo arraigo cultural permite obtener bienes materiales, el esparcimiento y la socialización.
Diversifying the economics profession: the long road to overcoming discrimination and sub-representation of Hispanics and African Americans. An analysis of the United States between 1995-2019.
Authors: Castellanos-Rodríguez Luis Eduardo
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the dynamics related to the representation of African Americans and Hispanics in every level of economics within U.S. post-secondary institutions from 1995 to 2019. I show that there is underrepresentation of Hispanics and African Americans in economics and evaluate some of the possible reasons for the persistence of socioeconomic barriers, including discrimination and attitudes of self-isolation, which block minorities from advancing in academia and professional areas. I discuss some of the advances in economics that address the discrimination problem and some models that try to explain its existence. I present ways in which each member of the economics community could help to alleviate the underrepresentation of minorities in the field and relate some of the posible effects of this problem to non-U.S. institutions that teach economics. Finally, I discuss why addressing underrepresentation and discrimination in economics is important.
Política mundial de yodación de sal: desafíos
Authors: Chávarro Bermeo Flor Elena , Arteaga Diaz Juan Manuel , Roth Deubel André Noël
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Identificar los desafíos que conlleva la implementación de la política mundial de yodación de sal para el consumo humano.
Métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada entre el año 2000 y 2021 en PubMed, con los términos MeSH yodo, política pública, cloruro de sodio y los términos complementarios yodo/deficiencia, exceso. Se obtuvieron 141 artículos y se revisaron 50 aplicando como criterio de inclusión el abordaje de la implementación de la política de yodación.
Resultados Se identificaron siete desafíos: sostenibilidad de la política, eliminar la brecha entre la explotación y la comercialización de la sal, prevenir la fortificación indiscriminada de los alimentos, promover la educación sobre la ingesta de sal yodada, controlar la ingesta excesiva de yodo, equilibrar la ingesta óptima de yodo con la reducción del consumo de cloruro de sodio y producir suficiente información oficial sobre la política.
Conclusión La yodación universal de la sal es una política que requiere mayor sensibilidad a las situaciones locales de cada país para mitigar efectivamente el problema de salud pública de los desórdenes por deficiencia y exceso en la ingesta de yodo alrededor del mundo.
A crítica do mito da modernidade
Authors: Bueno Enrico
Published: February 2022

O texto discute as convergências e divergências entre duas caracterizações da modernidade que apontam para sua dimensão mítica: a crítica formulada por Adorno e Horkheimer na Dialética do esclarecimento e a concepção de Enrique Dussel, sobretudo conforme se apresenta em seu livro 1492: o encobrimento do outro. Essa proposta de interlocução teórica almeja enriquecer o projeto de descolonização da Teoria Crítica e melhor explorar seu potencial de crítica sociopolítica – sobretudo no que tange a estruturas, processos e relações sociais nas sociedades periféricas do capitalismo mundial. Para tal, o artigo é desenvolvido em três passos: inicia com a apresentação dos argumentos clássicos da Teoria Crítica quanto à narrativa mítica da modernidade; em seguida, discorre sobre as possibilidades de ampliação e revisão crítica dessa perspectiva com base nos trabalhos de Dussel; e, por fim, realiza um balanço da discussão e traça considerações sobre a pertinência e a necessidade desse diálogo.
Educação em Sexualidade & Extensão: construindo um cenário através das produções do Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul – SEURS
Authors: Elias Marcelo Alberto , Carlos Dutra Santana João
Published: February 2022

O contexto atual da educação brasileira, em especial no campo político tem apresentado grandes sinais de retrocesso, em especial no tangente a educação em sexualidade. Constantes são os ataques com cunho ultraconservador de líderes políticos ligados ao Ministério da Educação, isso acaba por dificultar a consolidação de uma educação em sexualidade dentro da concepção biopsicossocial. Nesse sentido, é preciso como forma de resistência encontrar possibilidades de ação frente a esses ataques, e a extensão universitária pode representar uma dessas possibilidades. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a produção sobre educação em sexualidade no Seminário de Extensão da Região Sul – SEURS, e a partir dessa produção criou-se um panorama e identificar possíveis desdobramentos para novas estratégias em educação sexual. A pesquisa foi do tipo documental, a partir do “corpus” extraído dos anais do SEURS, com trabalhos que envolviam a educação em sexualidade. Como instrumento analítico foram utilizados princípios da análise de conteúdo. Assim, foram encontrados 22 trabalhos, o número de trabalhos é percentualmente pequeno quando comparado com o total de trabalhos do evento. Foi identificada ainda uma instituição predominante nas publicações e apresentaram uma predominância na visão biológica-centrada, porém, em muitos deles existiam uma tendência de concepção interseccionada com a biopsicossocial.
VALUE CHAIN DAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN KOMODITI RUMPUT LAUT (Kappaphycus Alvarezii) DI DESA KOLORAI KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Athirah Admi , Asaf Ruzkiah , Tarunamulia Tarunamulia
Published: February 2022

Komoditi yang dapat bersaing dalam menghadapi tantangan perdagangan adalah komoditi yang mempunyai added value yang besar. Perikanan laut morotai memiliki potensi yang sangat tinggi dengan adanya kondisi kualitas perairan yang tenang dan luasnya kawasan pesisir dan laut, yang memungkinkan untuk peningkatan pengembangan budidaya laut, salah satu komoditi di Desa Kolorai Kabupaten Pulau Morotai adalah Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus Alvarezii), namun dalam perkembangannya masih banyak memiliki kendala.. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memakai gabungan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang menekankan pada analisis diskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dengan para responden dan melalui proses pengamatan. Ada beberapa responden yang diwawancarai diantaranya para nelayan, pengumpul, pemerintah desa dan pemerintah kabupaten yang  menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah SCAM (A Commodity Sistem Assessment Method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pada rantai nilai bersifat Rantai Produksi Tradisional. Pola rantai nilai dari produsen sampai ke konsumen terdiri atas: (1) produsen – pengumpul –Pedagang Ternate ; (2) produsen – pengumpul – supplier – pedagang Ternate;  dan (3) produsen – supplier – pedagang Ternate. Nilai tambah yang diberikan pada petani yaitu: pemanenan, penjemuran, pembersihan, pengemasan. Nilai tambah yang diberikan pada tingkat pengumpul, yaitu:tranportasi, penjemuran, pembersihan, pengemasan ulang, penimbangan, serta penyimpanan. Untuk melihat potensi komoditi ini menjadi produk unggulan yang dapat bersaing di pasar baik domestik maupun internasional  maka perlu mengembangkan dan meningkatkan produksi dan olahannya melalui pola pengembangan kelembagaan kemitraannya.
A Rejoinder to Mrs. Rhys Davids’ Comment (1932)
Authors: Shūgaku Yamabe
Published: February 2022

These 3 chapters are an exchange between Yamabe Shūgaku 山辺習学 (1882–1944), writing rather generally on “Mahāyāna Buddhism and Japanese Culture” and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, a well-known British exponent of the Pāli or Theravāda tradition of Buddhism. The latter’s writing is marked not only by a decided loyalty to what she presumed to be the oldest traditions of Buddhism, but also by extremely high-flown, not to say adventurous language typical of some enthusiastic religious writing of her period. Yet by her literary devices she was trying to make a serious point about the status of conceptualized doctrine in Buddhism, to which Yamabe was quite able to respond. We see in the contributions of these two Japanese writers, Kaneko and Yamabe, both the opening of Shin Buddhist thinking to the wider tradition of Buddhist thought and, in their responsive formulations, their acceptance of the impact of perceived foreign expectations.
Editorial from 1934 (Anonymous)
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: February 2022

Here we see that the common Japanese wish to learn from abroad at any cost was being regarded as almost treacherous in sharing such critical assumptions. And how additionally galling it must have been for many to see China, the great but at that time despised neighbour, as a possible candidate for a modern Buddhist revival, rather than Japan! Such an assumption is robustly rebutted by the Editorial, and because of the affinity of the underlying ideas we therefore include it in full immediately after the exchange between Yamabe and Rhys Davids.
Shinran’s Way in the Modern World (1978)
Authors: Bloom Alfred
Published: February 2022

Alfred Bloom, for his part, seems to have “understood” Shin Buddhism so well that he became a convert and actively supported the promotion of his new faith over many years, eventually being ordained in his sixties in the Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha (i.e. the denomination based on Nishi Honganji).14 He is particularly well known for his influential early mono-graph Shinran’s Gospel of Pure Grace (University of Arizona Press, 1965) which became a standard teaching resource on the subject for students world-wide. His other written contributions are extremely numerous and have appeared in various quarters such as later issues of The Eastern Buddhist and in The Pure Land, the journal of the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies. Like the work mentioned above, the title of which interestingly includes the word “Gospel,” the article included here illustrates an early phase in Bloom’s personal interaction with Shin Buddhism.
Kiyomizudera
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author focuses on describing the temple Kiyomizu, placed in Kyoto. Her main concerns are with the architecture and history of the temple in relation to the Buddhist meanings these aspects can evoke.
Nanzenji
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author focuses on the history of the Zen temple, Nanzenji.
Ginkakuji
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

This chapter describes the history and architecture of the temple of Jishōji, known as Ginkakuji.
Tōfukuji Today
Authors: Pye Christine
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author compares her description of the Tōfukuji temple as it is nowadays and the one written by Beatrice Suzuki in the beginning of the 20th century.
Kōbō Daishi, the Saint of Shingon
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author discusses the Kōbō Daishi's biography and how he became the founder of the Shingon sect.
Bodhisattvas and Buddhas of Kamakura
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author focuses on describing the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas (enlightenment being) representations placed in Kamakura.
The Hymn on the Life and Vows of Samantabhadra
Authors: Hōkei Izumi
Published: February 2022

The importance of the Hymn on the Life and Vows of Samantabhadra has been well known in Japan since early days, not only from the doctrinal point of view but as a piece of Buddhist Sanskrit literature accessible to Japanese scholars. The author's object in editing the Hymn is to produce a perfect Sanskrit text as far as the present source of information and the facility of obtaining the material and the scholarship of the present editor permit. 1 Jiun 慈雲 (1718–1804) and his followers were among the foremost students of the text.
The Pure Land Doctrine in Shōkū’s “Plain Wood” Nenbutsu
Authors: Shizutoshi Sugihira
Published: February 2022

This chapter explores the Shōkū’s “Plain Wood”, presenting an interpretation for it.
On Zen Buddhsim
Authors: Otto Rudolf
Published: February 2022

This article is more or less a recapitulation of Professor Sukuki's paper on Zen that appeared in an issue of the Eastern Buddhist .
Shinran's Concept of Buddhist History
Authors: Ryōjin Soga
Published: February 2022

This essay was not translated into English until 1995 yet first published in Japan in 1935. By raising the question of 'Buddhist history' in the mind of Shinran, the medieval founder of Shin Buddhism, it challenges readers to take historicity as a legitimate part of the tradition while at the same time insisting on historicist presuppositions.
Zen and Compassion
Authors: Masao Abe
Published: February 2022

Characteristically, in this essay, Masao shows how Zen might be correlated with a number of Western thinkers. It was originally part of a memorial collection for Suzuki Daisetsu whose life and work was being celebrated in The Eastern Buddhist at the time.
The Stone Bridge of Joshu
Authors: Akihisa Kondo
Published: February 2022

In his appreciative response to Suzuki, Kondo Akihisa compares the master to the stone bridge of Joshu.
The Enlightened Thought
Authors: Sōhaku Kobori
Published: February 2022

This essay explores the relationship between scholarship and the central features of Zen experience associated with prajna (insight or great wisdom).
Zen and Philology: On Ui Hakuju and Suzuki Daisetsu
Authors: Yoshifumi Ueda
Published: February 2022

This essay, first published in Japanese in 1982, brings out a most interesting counterpoint betweenb the motivation of philologically oriented specialists in the Buddhist tradition, represented by the influential figure of Ui Hakuju and Suzuki's more existentialist or spiritual interest.
Appendix 4: A Note on The Eastern Buddhist
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: February 2022

A short history of The Eastern Buddhist and the objectives of the Eastern Buddhist Society.
Five Stones – Four Rivers – One Town: The Hindu Pañcāyatanapūjā
Authors: Aktor Mikael
Published: February 2022

The pañcāyatanapūjā is a worship of five deities, Devī, Sūrya, Gaṇeśa, Viṣṇu and Śiva, in a manner in which the affiliation of the worshipper, e.g. as Vaiṣṇava, Śaiva, Śākta etc., determines which of the five will be placed at the centre of the tray on which the deities are placed. But in addition, the deities are worshipped here not in their anthropomorphic forms but in their aniconic forms as five stones. Each of the stones originates from a particular location, four of them in a river, one near a town. Like the great pan-Indian pilgrimage circuits the geographical extent of these locations covers the whole of South Asia from the Gandaki River in northern Nepal to Vallam Town in Tamil Nadu. The chapter examines each of these stones – their visual qualities and their mythological and iconographical associations with their respective deities, the collection, manufacturing and marketing, as well as their present ritual use. It will bring to light the significance of this inclusive ritual in the historical context of sectarian conflicts, and it will include an analysis based on a discussion of petromorphic aniconicity in the theoretical context of human cognition of the natural world.
A “Sulphurous” Śakti: The Worship of Goddess Hiṅgulā in Baluchistan
Authors: Brighenti Francesco
Published: February 2022

Hiṅgulā is a Śākta goddess associated with underground fire, volcanic activity, and jets of flammable gas on the Makran coast of Pakistan and in Orissa. Her shrine in Makran is the westernmost among the Śākta-pīṭhas. Known to her Muslim devotees as Bībī Nānī, Hiṅglāja (Hiṅgulā) of Makran is connected by some scholars with the Iranian goddess Anāhitā worshipped by the Śakas and Kuṣāṇas and, through the latter, with the Mesopotamian/Elamite/Bactrian goddess Nanā. Hiṅgulā’s Sanskrit name means ‘she of cinnabar’. Cinnabar, hiṅgula, is a reddish ore consisting mainly of red sulphide of mercury (HgS) deposited in rocks from volcanic activity. As a pigment, cinnabar has been used in South Asia from very early times to besmear the cult icons of Hindu divinities. According to the principles of Tantric alchemy, sulphur symbolizes Śakti and menstrual blood, while mercury symbolizes Śiva and male seed. The alchemical union of sulphur with mercury, resulting into cinnabar, is regarded as the most powerful panacea by the Tantric tradition. Likewise, in Indian medicine cinnabar is attributed aphrodisiac properties. The “sulphurous” qualities of hiṅgula or cinnabar are easily associated with volcanic and gas-jet phenomena in mythological thought. In Makran, believed to be the place of origin of this Śākta cult, the shrine of Hiṅglāja is located in an area rich in mud volcanoes at times erupting with flaming gas. Some other Śākta goddesses in N.W. South Asia — e.g., Jvālāmukhī in Himachal Pradesh — are represented by ignited jets of natural gas issuing from the ground or from rocks. The worship of Hiṅgulā has, in course of time, migrated from Makran/Sind to Gujarat and Maharashtra, perhaps following the migrations of Hindu nomadic castes of north-western origin. In eastern Maharashtra and Bastar, Hiṅgulā may have been a family deity of the Nala dynasty in the post-Gupta period. In a later epoch she began to act as the family deity of the rājās of Talcher in central Orissa. Here Hiṅgulā is believed to appear a few days before her annual festival in the dream of her temple priest and to indicate to him the exact spot of her manifestation as a jet of gas issuing from the local coal fields. The priest then proceeds to the spot and finding the natural fire, keeps the flame burning by adding coal till the appointed hour of worship arrives. The present paper is a first attempt at discussing the polarity of sulphur vs. mercury, the symbolism of cinnabar, and the worship of volcanic and gas-jet phenomena against the background of the cult of Hiṅgulā.
Una reivindicación de la condición humana
Authors: Durán-y-Lalaguna Paloma
Published: February 2022

La finalidad de este trabajo es tratar de descifrar qué significa la condición humana, como presupuesto de toda organización social, teniendo en cuenta el perfil de la sociedad actual. El debate que Hervada planteó entre ley natural y positiva ha sido argumentado por diferentes autores en términos muy variados y la pregunta sobre el fundamento de la norma jurídica sigue vigente. Este trabajo no tiene por finalidad una comparativa del trabajo de Hervada y el de otros autores, ni tampoco profundizar en su obra, sino más bien en homenaje a él, tratar de estudiar en la narrativa que podría justificar las normas jurídicas. El artículo busca analizar en primer lugar, los términos de definición de la condición humana; y, posteriormente, situarla en un contexto de sociedad influida y condicionada por el big data y por el llamado capitalismo de la vigilancia.
El objetivo es ambicioso, pero contar con una fotografía de la situación puede ayudar a construir la narrativa con la que dar respuesta a la articulación de la condición humana en un contexto político y social específico, como es el de esta primera parte del siglo XXI.
Modele dyskryminacyjne jako instrument oceny zagrożenia upadłością przedsiębiorstw
Authors:   prof. dr hab., Katedra Finansów i Rachunkowości, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kitowski Jerzy
Published: February 2022

In Poland, the interest in discriminatory models dates back to 1994 (26 years after the publication of the assumptions of the E. Altman model). The aim of the research was an attempt to critically evaluate, in terms of methodology, the phenomenon of using discriminatory models in the procedure of examining the financial condition of enterprises. The article also attempts to evaluate the state of research in the national literature concerning the subject of discriminatory methods in assessing the financial condition and risk of bankruptcy of enterprises. In the literature, it is still noted that discriminatory methods, from a methodological point of view are unjustifiably described as having a timeless value and sectoral universality. An attempt was made to verify two research theses: the frequency of using particular discriminatory models in the national literature on the subject is not equivalent to a hierarchy of their diagnostic reliability and the discriminatory models do not have the value of sectoral universality. Critical reference was made to numerous cases of simplifications and methodological errors occurring in the national literature on the subject. The research included 132 Polish discriminatory models, the methodological assumptions of which were published in the years 1994–2020, however, for 102 models, the teaching population does not exceed 100 entities. Only in three studies were the number of enterprises higher than 1,000 (they ranged from 1,353 to 11,000). Numerous errors and methodological simplifications have been shown in attempts to apply this method, which reduces the diagnostic credibility of the obtained results, and in extreme cases even disqualifies them. This paradox was also pointed out, as numerous studies have shown that Polish enterprises do not use modern methods of bankruptcy forecasting, or they only apply them sporadically. In the surveyed population of 132 discriminatory models, the most common are the current liquidity ratio (50 models), the rate of return on investment (34), the total debt ratio (31), the asset turnover ratio (29), the ratio of financing assets with working capital (21) and the ratio of financing liabilities with a financial surplus (20).
Proces finansjalizacji a problemy finansowe przedsiębiorstw w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Authors:   mgr, Katedra Finansów i Rachunkowości, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Chmiel Justyna , Pitera Rafał ,   mgr, Katedra Finansów i Rachunkowości, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: February 2022

Financialization is currently an issue frequently discussed in the literature on the subject. This process, often perceived as an expansion of the financial sphere that penetrates various aspects of the economy, also has an increasing impact on the functioning of non-financial enterprises, which, on the surface, may appear to be entities that might not expect to be affected by this process. The article deals with the issue of financialization and its impact on the running of economic activities for enterprises operating in the economy. The literature frequently expresses the view that the increasing level of processes related to financialization has a negative impact on the conduct of business activity by enterprises, which in extreme cases results in their bankruptcy. Therefore, this research attempts to determine how the advancement of financial processes, or financialization, in an economic entity affects its financial situation (results). To achieve this objective, the following research hypothesis was formulated: A high level of financialization increases the probability of problems related to bankruptcy processes. To verify the research hypothesis and the purpose, a survey was conducted on all companies with financial data in the Orbis database from countries in the Visegrad Group. Furthermore, financial data for the years 2009–2018 was analyzed. The research tools used for this purpose are referred to (assumed) in the literature as measures of assessing the level of financialization. The results obtained through the study do not give a clear answer confirming the hypothesis set out at the beginning of the article. One important conclusion that can be drawn from the research is that the Visegrad Group countries are not characterized by a very high level of financialization, and it can be presumed that there are few noticeable negative symptoms of financialization. Moreover, there is a correlation between the increase in indicators considered characteristic of financialization and the unfavorable financial situation of non-financial enterprises.