bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancrage local et (dé)construction scolaire de la xénophobie : les effets de lieu sur les représentations de l’étranger chez les lycéens de quartiers populaires à Johannesburg
Authors: Bouyat Jeanne
Published: November 2019

L’article explore comment les représentations de l’étranger chez des lycéens varient selon les lieux où ils sont scolarisés, à partir d’une enquête dans trois quartiers populaires de Johannesburg. En abordant la xénophobie comme un discours politique, il montre que la conception hégémonique de la citoyenneté basée sur l’indigénéité que prend la trajectoire nationale sud-africaine est nuancée par des effets de lieu et l’habitus organisationnel des lycées. Les lycéens ont des attitudes plus inclusives envers les migrants internationaux dans le quartier panafricain et central de Yeoville, et plus exclusive envers les migrants internationaux et venus de régions rurales dans les townships d’Alexandra et Orlando Est. Ces différences s’expliquent par les transformations démographiques et les mobilisations (anti) xénophobes locales, les interactions avec des migrants, le filtrage institutionnel scolaire, et les pratiques du personnel scolaire.
Immigration et libre circulation dans le référendum sur l’appartenance du Royaume-Uni à l’Union européenne
Authors: Harrois Thibaud
Published: November 2019

Au début des années 2000, pour répondre aux demandes de l’économie nationale, notamment aux besoins de main-d’œuvre, le gouvernement travailliste de Tony Blair a choisi d’ouvrir plus largement les frontières aux migrants extra-européens et d’autoriser sans restriction la libre circulation des travailleurs en provenance des nouveaux États membres de l’Union européenne (UE). Cet article cherche à montrer que cette politique migratoire a été accusée de faire peser un poids démesuré sur les services publics. Devenue la cible de l’hostilité d’une part croissante de la population britannique, cette question a été habilement juxtaposée au débat sur l’appartenance à l’UE par les acteurs politiques les plus hostiles au projet européen. Les succès électoraux du principal parti eurosceptique (UKIP) ont conduit travaillistes et conservateurs à infléchir leur propre attitude sur ces questions. De retour au pouvoir en 2010, ces derniers ont promis la réduction du nombre d’immigrés, avant de s’engager dans la voie d’un référendum sur l’appartenance à l’UE. Divisé, le gouvernement n’a pas su convaincre les électeurs que le Brexit ne suffirait pas à résoudre les problèmes sociaux et économiques auxquels le Royaume-Uni devait faire face. Après le 23 juin 2016, l’un des défis pour les dirigeants britanniques est désormais de négocier l’issue la moins négative possible pour l’économie du pays alors même que la fin de la libre circulation lui sera directement nuisible.
Migrations post-soviétiques en Russie et affirmation de la Nation
Authors: Hohmann Sophie
Published: November 2019

La Russie est devenue, plus de deux décennies après la fin de l’URSS, le deuxième (en 2010) puis le quatrième pays d’immigration au monde (en stock) derrière les États-Unis, l’Arabie saoudite et l’Allemagne. En 2017, le nombre de migrants internationaux sur le territoire russe s’élève à environ 12 millions de personnes, majoritairement originaires des anciennes républiques soviétiques et plus spécifiquement d’Asie centrale. Plus de 5 millions de personnes originaires d’Asie centrale et du Caucase du Sud (Arménie et Azerbaïdjan) auraient immigré en Fédération de Russie, les principaux pays pourvoyeurs de main-d’œuvre étant l’Ouzbékistan, le Tadjikistan et le Kirghizstan. Les pays du Sud Caucase sont également concernés mais avec des rythmes différents. L’Ukraine est devenue, depuis la crise de 2014 ainsi que le conflit dans les régions séparatistes orientales, un pays d’émigration dont la nature des flux diffère des autres pays puisqu’il s’agit essentiellement de flux de réfugiés, en plus d’une émigration de « compatriotes » soutenue par les autorités russes. La question de l’immigration est très hétérogène et nécessite de connaître, d’une part, les différents contextes qui vont pousser des personnes à émigrer vers un ailleurs plus prometteur, et, d’autre part, les conditions qui font que ces situations migratoires répondent en Russie à des besoins réels et imposent une politique migratoire composite.
Safe Water Cube, agir ensemble pour apporter partout de l’eau potable
Authors: Augereau Jean-Paul
Published: November 2019

La vie de Jean-Paul Augereau change le jour où, après avoir bu de l’eau non potable en Égypte, il contracte une septicémie. Il décide alors d’apporter de l’eau potable à ceux qui en manquent et conçoit la fontaine Safe Water Cube. Facile à utiliser, durable, elle peut alimenter en eau 1 000 personnes et est mise en œuvre par des techniciens du village rémunérés par les villageois. Fin 2018, 180 fontaines sont installées et 500 par an sont prévues. L’association agit aussi dans l’éducation, la santé, l’agriculture et multiplie les partenariats.
Création et management d’une entreprise à but d’emploi : gros plan sur l’expérience de Pipriac et Saint-Ganton
Authors: Hodeau Clémentine , Prost Denis , Marhic Serge
Published: November 2019

Dans un territoire rural, un projet voit le jour, porté par des élus, des entrepreneurs, des travailleurs sociaux et des bénévoles : plus un chômeur de longue durée ne doit rester sans emploi. Pour cela, tous les coûts liés au chômage sont réorientés vers une entreprise à but d’emploi chargée de garantir aux chômeurs un CDI et une activité utile à la communauté, quelles que soient leurs compétences. Désormais, cette expérimentation s’appuie sur une loi et les premiers résultats permettent d’envisager sa pérennisation et son essaimage.
Passage d’encres , Christiane Tricoit
Authors: Monteau Martine
Published: November 2019

L’association Passage d’encres, créée à Romainville pour la défense de l’estampe en 1995, par Christiane Tricoit et Frater Rodriguez, a suscité une revue d’art et de littérature puis des éditions. 48 numéros thématiques accompagnés, pour le tirage de tête, d’une estampe originale signée, ont donné lieu à un lancement dans un lieu en lien avec le thème. Mille auteurs et artistes y ont contribué. Christiane Tricoit (1945-2017) était présente dans la plupart des instances et manifestations du livre et de la lecture. Les artistes ont été exposés et publiés dans les cahiers ouverts aux débutants et confirmés. Une revue impliquée dans la cité, sans frontières pour une république métisse : tel était le dessein de Christiane Tricoit qui a composé l’ensemble des cahiers comme une œuvre, continue. En 2013, Passage d’encres s’est implanté dans le Morbihan, pour relancer une nouvelle série et un nouveau réseau d’amitié, à travers son site et revue en ligne : Inks .
L’accompagnement global des demandeurs d’emploi : entre renouvellement du service public de l’emploi et normalisation des politiques locales d’insertion
Authors: Eydoux Anne , Simha Jules , Vivés Claire
Published: November 2019

L’accompagnement global qui fait l’objet de cet article est un dispositif qui mobilise, pour l’insertion des demandeurs d’emploi réputés « éloignés de l’emploi », le travail conjoint de conseillers de Pôle emploi et de travailleurs sociaux des départements. Instauré en 2014 par un protocole national, il constitue un point d’entrée privilégié pour questionner les évolutions de la gouvernance du service public de l’emploi et des politiques d’insertion. Ce dispositif à la fois transversal (il s’appuie sur des acteurs de l’emploi et de l’insertion) et multiniveau (défini au niveau national, il est déployé dans les départements et doté d’un financement européen) entend renouveler le service public de l’emploi. Mais il s’avère délicat à mettre en œuvre dans les territoires. En s’appuyant sur des enquêtes monographiques réalisées dans deux départements, l’article part des outils du dispositif pour interroger les processus de normalisation des politiques locales d’insertion dont ils sont porteurs. Il met en évidence les décalages entre la définition nationale de l’accompagnement global et ses déclinaisons locales, entre les normes d’intervention portées par les outils du travail conjoint et la réalité du travail d’accompagnement. Enfin, il se penche sur cet outil particulier qu’est le financement via le Fonds social européen (FSE), en montrant qu’il porte des normes de gestion problématiques, incompatibles avec la transversalité.
L’édifice de la valeur. Pratiques de valorisation dans le secteur de l’immobilier financiarisé
Authors: Duros Marine
Published: November 2019

Cet article analyse les pratiques d’évaluation-valorisation d’actifs menées dans un secteur en développement depuis les années 1990, celui de l’immobilier financiarisé. Il montre que ces pratiques reposent sur une architecture institutionnelle qui contribue à consolider et légitimer l’activité d’accumulation des gestionnaires d’actifs immobiliers.
Inégalités justes et injustes : les salaires dans les SCOP
Authors: Magne Nathalie
Published: November 2019

En utilisant le cadre théorique de l’économie des conventions, on se propose de comprendre la priorité donnée à l’égalité salariale dans les SCOP (Sociétés coopératives et participatives) et d’explorer les conditions de justice de certaines inégalités. Une étude de terrain dans 39 SCOP de la région Rhône-Alpes nous permet d’analyser en détail le discours des salariés et dirigeants sur la justice des politiques de rémunération. Au-delà des principes communs inscrits dans les statuts coopératifs, nous mettons en évidence une forte hétérogénéité entre les SCOP.
Se « recentrer » sur son « cœur de métier ». L’externalisation des services généraux des entreprises
Authors: Schütz Gabrielle
Published: November 2019

Entre la fin des années 1980 et les années 2000, dans le sillage du recentrage des entreprises sur leur « cœur de métier », les activités des services généraux ont été massivement externalisées et leurs modes de gestion ont été profondément modifiés dans le sens d’une rationalisation gestionnaire et marchande. En étudiant les mutations du groupe professionnel des directeurs des services généraux, l’évolution de leurs pratiques et de leur rhétorique professionnelle, il s’agit de rendre compte des fondements, tant matériels qu’idéologiques, de cette conversion à la logique marchande.
Quitter le public pour le privé ? Dilemmes professionnels et religieux chez les enseignants de confession musulmane en France
Authors: Girin Diane-Sophie
Published: November 2019

Cet article analyse les trajectoires de huit enseignants qui ont rapporté des tensions dans l’articulation de leur activité professionnelle et de leurs convictions religieuses avant de rejoindre l’enseignement privé musulman ( epm ). La manière dont ils ont géré ces divergences est un bon révélateur de la mise en place de stratégies de conciliation et d’arbitrage entre obligations religieuses et normes professionnelles. Nous explorons la façon dont celles-ci se déploient dans trois situations qui auraient selon eux justifié leur bifurcation vers l’ epm  : le port du voile ; les fêtes de Noël ; la prévention de la « radicalisation ».
La fabrique de l’engagement au travail par la croyance religieuse. Évangile de la prospérité et réussite dans une entreprise immobilière
Authors: Benites-Gambirazio Eliza
Published: November 2019

Issu d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article montre comment une entreprise immobilière utilise un système de croyances partagées, associant le protestantisme évangélique, le développement personnel et la réussite économique, pour générer un engagement au travail parmi ses nouvelles recrues. Grâce à des dispositifs informels de socialisation et des programmes de formation, les managers, les formateurs et les agents expérimentés encouragent les nouveaux agents à adopter des pratiques censées améliorer leurs performances et contribuer à leur développement personnel. L’article n’offre pas de réponse toute faite aux relations entre travail, religion et capitalisme, mais invite à s’interroger sur l’impact d’une socialisation par la croyance sur l’engagement dans le travail.
THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING DIGITAL TWINS TO SUPPORT MARITIME OPERATIONS
Authors: Willmore S. , Mercer G. , Rigby J.
Published: November 2019

The concept of Digital Twins provides a conceptual way of improving the through life support of Marine platforms. The collation of machinery information through connected smart sensors and connectivity ashore enables advanced data analytics providing insights into the causes and trends for platform or fleet performance. The opportunities are vast however, the challenges are also considerable. Increased sensor connectivity similar to the Internet of Things can lead to considerable cyber security concerns, and the amount of information available will need to be presented to the user in a suitable but succinct manner possibly using visualisation technology. How this vision is brought together alongside legacy processes, tools and data centres is non-trivial but modern solutions and approaches make a Digital Twin possible.
CLASSIFYING BOW ENTRY EVENTS OF WAVE PIERCING CATAMARANS IN RANDOM WAVES USING UNSUPERVISED AND SUPERVISED TECHNIQUES
Authors: Shabani B. , Lavroff J. , Penev S. , Dessi D. , Thomas G.
Published: November 2019

An onboard monitoring system can measure features such as stress cycles counts and provide warnings due to slamming. Considering current technology trends there is the opportunity of incorporating machine learning methods into monitoring systems. A hull monitoring system has been developed and installed on a 111 m wave piercing catamaran (Hull 091) to remotely monitor the ship kinematics and hull structural responses. Parallel to that, an existing dataset of a geometrically similar vessel (Hull 061) was analysed using unsupervised and supervised learning models; these were found to be beneficial for the classification of bow entry events according to the kinematic parameters. A comparison of different algorithms including linear support vector machines, naïve Bayes and decision tree for the bow entry classification were conducted. In addition, using empirical probability distributions, the likelihood of wet-deck slamming was estimated given vertical bow acceleration thresholds.
School choice under partial fairness
Authors: Dur Umut , Gitmez A. Arda , Yilmaz Özgür
Published: November 2019

We generalize the school choice problem by defining a notion of allowable priority violations. In this setting, a weak axiom of stability (partial stability) allows only certain priority violations. We introduce a class of algorithms called the student exchange under partial fairness (SEPF). Each member of this class gives a partially stable matching that is not Pareto dominated by another partially stable matching (i.e., constrained efficient in the class of partially stable matchings). Moreover, any constrained efficient matching that Pareto improves upon a partially stable matching can be obtained via an algorithm within the SEPF class. We characterize the unique algorithm in the SEPF class that satisfies a desirable incentive property. The extension of the model to an environment with weak priorities enables us to provide a characterization result that proves the counterpart of the main result in Erdil and Ergin (2008).
Represión y resistencia en Cataluña
Authors: Miley Thomas Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo trata la dialéctica de la represión y la Resistencia en la reciente ola de política contenciosa en Cataluña. Ponemos énfasis en el resurgir breve pero cierto del repertorio discursivo y performativo del recuerdo del pasado revolucionario de Cataluña durante esta ola que ha barrido la región desde hace una década, desde el inicio de la asi-llamada crisis de la Eurozona. El trabajo intenta proveer una interpretación del ciclo de política contenciosa de la región a través del enfoque de la represión estatal. Afilamos en un momento emblemático, de la primavera de 2011, asociado con el movimiento de los Indignados. Prestamos especial atención en su desalojo violento por parte de los Mossos d’Esquadra en mayo, y el intento en el mes siguiente del cerco al Parlament Catalán, con el fin de interrumpir en el debate presupuestario. Sostenemos que la represión violenta del movimiento de los Indignados en Cataluña por parte de las autoridades ‘regionales’ mejor se entiende como la respuesta a un desafío incipiente a las constelaciones jerárquicas de relaciones sociales oprimentes – un desafío que se hizo eco, de hecho amenazó con revivir, recuerdos largamente reprimidos del pasado revolucionario de la ‘región’, un desafió que pudo haber hecho “explotar” este pasado fuera del “continúo de la historia,” para “apropiarse de su memoria cómo se enciende en un momento de peligro” (Benjamín). Este momento de represión violenta por las autoridades catalanas demostró ser el precursor, la condición de posibilidad, para la posterior canalización de la política contenciosa dentro de los confines más cómodos de imaginarios nacionalistas – imaginarios, por supuesto, estructurados jerárquicamente.
The Formation of Self-Organizational Skills of Student’s Academic Activity on the Basis of ‘Time Management’ Technology
Authors: Agranovich Yelena , Amirova Amina , Ageyeva Larissa , Lebedeva Larissa , Aldibekova Sholpan , Uaidullakyzy Elmira
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the study of self-organisational academic activity of future teachers of primary schools. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for the self-organisation of the educational activities of a future teacher of primary education based on the time management technology. The study describes theoretical and practical principles of self-organisation academic activity of bachelor students, examines the different approaches of scientists to the concept of ‘self-organisational academic activity’, given the characteristics of this phenomenon from the point of view of pedagogical science, including functions, components of this phenomenon; considered the pedagogical possibilities of technology ‘Time management’ in self-organisation of educational activity of future teachers. The ‘Time management’ technology is presented as the organisation of bachelor student’s life aimed for the most rational planning of the learning process and professional development. The theoretical studies are confirmed by experimental research related to the diagnostic and improvement skills of future elementary school teachers’ self-organisation. On the basis of theoretical, empirical research methods, as well as methods of statistical processing of research results, the results of a search study of students’ self-organisation are presented. The presented experimental results show the feasibility of using a variety of time-management technology tools in training sessions in the process of preparing specialists.
Sur les traces de Bamba Mos Xam : l’invention du théâtre mouride
Authors: Valente-Quinn Brian
Published: November 2019

Cet article retrace l’histoire d’une création théâtrale ambulante d’inspiration religieuse qui, au cours d’une tournée continue de plus de 15 ans entamée vers la fin des années 1960, a marqué profondément l’imaginaire national et religieux du Sénégal. Le spectacle en langue wolof, intitulé Bamba Mos Xam, racontait la vie et l’œuvre de Cheikh Amadou Bamba, saint fondateur soufi de la confrérie sénégalaise des mourides. Par son choix de matière, il a également pu renouveler de manière radicale la nature et les usages possibles de l’espace scénique dans ce pays. Ici, un travail de reconstitution nous permettra de nous interroger sur l’approche théâtrale de cette création et les raisons de son quasi-oubli de la part des institutions culturelles, religieuses et académiques.
Retouches de la représentation de la femme dans trois éditions de la nouvelle de Joseph Zobel « Pionnier d’une nuit » (ou « Le premier convoi »)
Authors: Scheel Charles W.
Published: November 2019

La plus grande partie de l’œuvre littéraire de Joseph Zobel a été produite pendant les années 1939-1946 en Martinique et pendant les années 1947-1957 en France. Mais plusieurs romans et nouvelles ont été réédités dans des versions modifiées après son retour du Sénégal à la fin des années 1970. On s’intéresse ici à la nature des modifications apportées à une nouvelle particulière, publiée d'abord dans un journal martiniquais en 1940, puis dans le recueil Laghia de la mort, paru à Fort-de-France en 1946, et finalement dans la réédition du même recueil par Présence Africaine à Paris en 1978. Les changements apportés dans le portrait de la protagoniste sont particulièrement frappants dans cette dernière version.
The Role of Top Management Commitment to Enhancing the Competitive Advantage Through ERP Integration and Purchasing Strategy
Authors: Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada , Siagian Hotlan , Jie Ferry
Published: November 2019

The role of the top management commitment is in enhancing the competitive advantage through ERP integration and the purchasing strategy. Data were collected using questionnaires from 49 manufacturing companies domiciled in the region of East Java, Indonesia. PLS technique was used to analyze the data. The result of the study indicated that top management commitment influences ERP integration and the purchasing strategy, top management commitment influences the competitive advantage, ERP integration affects the purchasing strategy, and ERP integration and purchasing strategy influences the competitive advantage. One of the most exciting findings revealed that ERP integration and purchasing strategy mediated the influence of top management commitment on the competitive advantage. Top management influences, directly and indirectly, the competitive advantage. This result provides the managerial implication that the management needs to establish an ERP integration and define a proper purchasing strategy in enhancing the competitive advantage of the manufacturing company.
Energy Efficient Sensor Deployment with TCOV and NCON in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jagtap Arvind Madhukar , Gomathi N.
Published: November 2019

In the past years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have increased successful real-world deployment in a wide range of civil and military applications. In order to ensure effective environmental sensing and robust communication, the two fundamental issues like TCOV and NCON are the very challenging tasks in WSN. As sensor nodes are battery-operated devices, the wide utilization of WSNs is obstructed by the severely limited energy constraints, this article tackles these kinds of issues by proposing an approach based on the energy model and aims at enhancing the network lifetime by improved balancing the movement and energy losses in the network. This article proposes a design which minimizes the power consumption and movement cost, thus enhancing the network lifetime. Finally, the authors compared the energy efficiency of the proposed approach with that of the existing approach. As such, the proposed AVABC improves the network lifetime by 14.29%, 26.09%, and 14.29% over VABC in response to the varying sensing radius of 5, 10, and 15, respectively.
A Concept Drift-Aware DAG-Based Classification Scheme for Acoustic Monitoring of Farms
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros , Potamitis Ilyas
Published: November 2019

Intelligent farming as part of the green revolution is advancing the world of agriculture in such a way that farms become dynamic, with the overall scope being the optimization of animal production in an eco-friendly way. In this direction, this study proposes exploiting the acoustic modality for farm monitoring. Such information could be used in a stand-alone or complimentary mode to monitor the farm constantly at a great level of detail. To this end, the authors designed a scheme classifying the vocalizations produced by farm animals. More precisely, a directed acyclic graph was proposed, where each node carries out a binary classification task using hidden Markov models. The topological ordering follows a criterion derived from the Kullback-Leibler divergence. In addition, a transfer learning-based module for handling concept drifts was proposed. During the experimental phase, the authors employed a publicly available dataset including vocalizations of seven animals typically encountered in farms, where promising recognition rates were reported.
Examining the Relevance of Intellectual Capital in Improving the Entrepreneurial Propensity Among Indians
Authors: Khan Ahmed Musa , Arafat Mohd Yasir , Raushan Mohd Anas , Saleem Imran
Published: November 2019

Intellectual capital is considered as knowledge which can transform into value. Recently, it has gained currency in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship. Only a handful of studies have been conducted to examine the role of intellectual capital in explaining the venture creation process. The main aim of this study is to examine the influence of intellectual capital on start-up. A large data set of Adult Population Survey (APS) provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) used. The logistic regression technique was used to analyze the effect of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial intention. The finding suggests that policymakers should frame policy and programs focused on developing human capital, structural capital and encourage interaction between existing and potential entrepreneurs so that entrepreneurship can be boosted. This study is also among the few studies measuring the relationship between intellectual capital and entrepreneurial intention. A systematic literature survey shows that only small numbers of researches, based on large data set, have been conducted in developing countries like India.
Data Lake Architecture
Authors: Panwar Arvind , Bhatnagar Vishal
Published: November 2019

Data is the biggest asset after people for businesses, and it is a new driver of the world economy. The volume of data that enterprises gather every day is growing rapidly. This kind of rapid growth of data in terms of volume, variety, and velocity is known as Big Data. Big Data is a challenge for enterprises, and the biggest challenge is how to store Big Data. In the past and some organizations currently, data warehouses are used to store Big Data. Enterprise data warehouses work on the concept of schema-on-write but Big Data analytics want data storage which works on the schema-on-read concept. To fulfill market demand, researchers are working on a new data repository system for Big Data storage known as a data lake. The data lake is defined as a data landing area for raw data from many sources. There is some confusion and questions which must be answered about data lakes. The objective of this article is to reduce the confusion and address some question about data lakes with the help of architecture.
Segmentation of Leukemia Cells Using Clustering
Authors: Mostafa Eman , El-Dien Heba A. Tag
Published: November 2019

Leukemia is a blood cancer which is defined as an irregular augment of undeveloped white blood cells called “blasts.” It develops in the bone marrow, which is responsible for blood cell generation including leukocytes and white blood cells. The early diagnosis of leukemia greatly helps in the treatment. Accordingly, researchers are interested in developing advanced and accurate automated techniques for localizing such abnormal blood cells. Subsequently, image segmentation becomes an important image processing stage for successful feature extraction and classification of leukemia in further stages. It aims to separate cancer cells by segmenting the microscopic image into background and cancer cells that are known as the region of interested (ROI). In this article, the cancer blood cells were segmented using two separated clustering techniques, namely the K-means and Fuzzy-c-means techniques. Then, the results of these techniques were compared to in terms of different segmentation metrics, such as the Dice, Jac, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. The results proved that the k-means provided better performance in leukemia blood cells segmentation as it achieved an accuracy of 99.8% compared to 99.6% with the fuzzy c-means.
2D Shape Recognition and Retrieval Using Shape Contour Based on the 8-Neighborhood Patterns Matching Technique
Authors: Ahmed Muzameel , Aradhya Manjunath
Published: November 2019

A technique for 2D shape recognition and retrieval is proposed. The proposed technique is based on the 8-neighborhood pattern which represents each point or pixel on the contour of the shape. These patterns are used as a framework in matching the shape of the object. The recognition and retrieval process are conducted by traversing through the contour of the shape and analyzes each point on the contour by considering the 8-neighborhood pattern. The 8-neighborhood patterns are assigned unique labels which are computed on their every occurrence during contour traversal. The cost of the best match between the shapes is evaluated by comparing the hit value obtained by the contour traversal of the shapes to be matched. The recognition and retrieval are carried out using the leave-one-out strategy and standard bull eye score, respectively. The proposed method is experimented on the MPEG-7 data set and the chicken piece data set. The results both for recognition and retrieval outperform most of the previously proposed methods.
Blockchain Innovation and Information Technology at GCC
Authors: Alabbasi Yousef , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: November 2019

Blockchain has become an epidemic and significant decision that organizations may make in the next few years, enabling institutions to integrate business functions, operations, and processes in a decentralized distributed ledger technology. This technology will transform the business world and economy in solving the limitations created by centralization and system inefficiency. Accordingly, with the high demand and complexity of growing economies such as the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC countries, the need for a typical solution technology is a game changer. This will lead GCC to a solid economic base. Blockchain technology can be applicable in many different fields such as Banking, education, Health, finance, government and trade. This article will address the literature review and methodology of Blockchain technology and innovation at the GCC, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Also, more research can be conducted in the future as the system may be integrated in these countries.
Molecular detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus infection in arthritis and tenosynovitis lesions of broiler and breeder chickens in Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Reck Carolina , Menin Álvaro , Canever Mariana F. , Pilatic Celso , Miletti Luiz C.
Published: November 2019

Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.
Enhancement of Orbitofrontal and Insular Cortices Responses to Spicy Perception Increases High Salt Sensation
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Qiang , Sun Fang , Yan Guoyi , Lang Hongmei , Zhu Zhiming
Published: November 2019

Context:

The interplay between taste perception and salt sensation is crucial for salt intake. Our hemodynamic neuroimaging research has shown that the administration of capsaicin (the major spicy component of chili peppers) enhances the metabolic activity of the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to high salt intake.

Aims:

The aim is to study how the brain processes underlying salty taste and spicy perception within the first second after stimulation.

Settings and Design:

This electrophysiological study included 25 participants (10 males) who were recruited by advertisement flyers in Chongqing.

Subjects and Methods:

The present study investigated the responses of the OFC and insular to the interaction of spicy flavor and salty taste by recording the event-related potentials (ERPs). Two concentrations of sodium chloride solution (150 and 200 mmol/L) with or without 0.5 μM capsaicin were applied to the tongue of the study's participants.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way ANOVA with Games-Howell's multiple comparison post-hoc tests and linear regression analysis.

Results:

N1 amplitudes were positively correlated with participants' levels of salt intake and their salty preference scores. Source analysis performed on the ERP N1 wave in the 120–180 ms time window showed that the sources were located approximately in the insula and OFC. The amplitudes of the N1 and P2 components in the 200 mmol/L NaCl group were higher than those in 150 mmol/L NaCl group, but not significantly different than the group administered 150 mmol/L of NaCl and 0.5 μmol/L of capsaicin.

Conclusions:

The present study provides novel insights into the use of flavor or saltiness enhancers for salt reduction in humans through cortical responses to the spicy-salty interaction.
Psychosocial and Medical Predictors of 1-Year Functional Outcome in Male and Female Coronary byPass Recipients
Authors: Young Sandra , Linden Wolfgang , Ignaszewski Andrew , Con Andrea , Terhaag Sonia , Campbell Tavis
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose:

This study examines coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients, their baseline medical and psychosocial characteristics, and level of functioning after 1 year. Functioning was defined as ability to play their role in social, family, recreational, and occupational areas. Sex differences and the buffering effect of social support were also investigated.

Methods:

This prospective, observational study recruited 296 (42% female) post-CABG patients, of whom 234 (79%; 44% female) had complete data at 1-year follow-up. Clinical and demographic variables were collected following surgery via chart review and provincial database. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, household responsibilities, marital status, pain, and role interference were assessed at baseline and 1 year later. Hierarchical linear regression examined relationships between baseline psychosocial variables and 1-year role interference controlling for potential medical confounding variables.

Results:

One-year role interference was partially predicted by baseline depression, social support, household responsibilities, and marital status (R
2 = 0.20,P < 0.001), but not disease severity. Baseline depression predicted 1-year role interference only at mean (b = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.31]) and high (b = 0.30, 95% CI [0.12, 0.48]) perceived social support. Baseline perceived social support predicted greater reduction in 1-year role interference in women compared to men (interaction b = 0.29; 95% CI [0.06, 0.52]) and reduced the association between high depression symptoms and role interference in women only (b = −0.25, 95% CI [−0.42, −0.09]).

Conclusions:

Long-term role interference in bypass graft recipients was not associated with disease severity, but was predicted by social variables and depressive symptoms. In women perceived social support moderated the association between depression and role interference.
Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I
Authors: Domoradzki Stanisław , Stawiska Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

In the second part of our article we continue presentation of individual fates of Polish mathematicians (in a broad sense) and the formation of modern Polish mathematical community against the background of the events of World War I. In particular we focus on the situations of Polish mathematicians in the Russian Empire (including those affiliatedwith the University of Warsaw, reactivated by Germans, and the Warsaw Polytechnics, founded already by Russians) and other countries.
Some remarks and documents concerning the emigration of Polish mathematicians during the 1930s and early 1940
Authors: Siegmund-Schultze Reinhard
Published: November 2019

The history of the sufferings and the emigration of mathematicians under Nazi influence would be very incomplete without considering the perhaps most vibrant and at the same time most victimized European mathematical school of the 1930s, namely the Polish one. Polish mathematical emigration contributed – similarly to German-speaking emigration – considerably to the development of mathematics in the host countries, particularly in the United States.
The paper contributes to the discussion with some archival documents from two specific sources, which have so far found relatively little attention among historians of mathematics. These are the files of the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, UK, and the files related to the Asylum Fellowship Planorganized by the Astronomer at Harvard University Harlow Shapley, now in possession of the Harvard University Archives.
Vestium i Ruthenium na tle historii chemii
Authors: Lichocka Halina
Published: November 2019

Trwający już ponad sto lat spór o to, czy odkryty przez Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego, a nieuznany przez jemu współczesnych pierwiastek Vestium jest odpowiednikiem rutenu, wydaje się dziś bardzo trudny do rozstrzygnięcia. Sam ten spór, który w istocie rzeczy sprowadza się do ustalenia pierwszeństwa odkrycia, nabiera w świetle historii chemii – a zwłaszcza historii badań surowej platyny – zupełnie innego znaczenia. W tym kontekście okazuje się bowiem, że Jędrzej Śniadecki był pierwszym uczonym, który starał się udowodnić istnienie szóstego platynowca. Czas pokazał, że miał rację. Późniejsze wyodrębnienie metalicznego rutenu przez Karla Ernsta Clausa tylko tę rację potwierdziło.

 
Westium and Ruthenium against the background of the history of chemistry
Abstract

Is the chemical element Vestium discovered by Jędrzej Śniadecki the same as the Ruthenium? The dispute on this subject has been going on for more than one hundred years. At present, this dispute over recognition of the priority of discovery is very difficult to resolve. However, from the point of view of the history of chemistry, another aspect is more important in all this. In this context, it turns out that Jędrzej Śniadecki was the first researcher who tried to prove the existence of the sixth platinum metal. Time showed that Śniadecki was right. The confirmation of this was the subsequent separation of the metallic ruthenium by Karl Ernst Claus.
Sprawozdanie Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2018/2019
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: November 2019

Omówiona została działalność Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2018/2019. Przedstawiono spisy: posiedzeń naukowych, konferencji i sesji naukowych, nowych członków Komisji oraz nowych publikacji.

 
The report on the activities of the PAU Commission on the History of Science in 2018/2019

Abstract
The report discusses the activities of the Commission on the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2018/2019. It presents the lists of: scientific meetings, conferences, symposia, new members of the Commission, and new publications.
Bioética, universalismo e pluralismo: revisitando o problema do fundacionismo
Authors: Bonhemberger Marcelo , De Oliveira Nythamar
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo busca resgatar os fundamentos normativos da bioética de modo a tornar seu universalismo defensável e compatível com seu pluralismo, sem recorrer, de um lado, ao fundacionismo de modelos procedimentalistas, como o principialismo, e ao particularismo de doutrinas morais dadas, como as abordagens cristã, judaica e de outras religiões à bioética, de outro lado. Será mostrado que a concepção de pluralismo em bioética de Tristram Engelhardt permite uma reformulação da bioética judaico-cristã como um dos modelos mais razoáveis e defensáveis que satisfazem tais afirmações normativas, na medida em que promove um humanismo pluralista e uma visão universalizável dos direitos humanos, da socialidade e de preocupações ecológicas.
Um fundamento impossível – a leitura de Ernst Tugendhat da ética schopenhaueriana
Authors: Durante Felipe Dos Santos
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo, a partir da leitura crítica do texto Vorlesungen über Ethik (Lições Sobre Ética) de Ernst Tugendhat (1930-), e de textos do filósofo Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) – em especial sua principal obra Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (O Mundo como Vontade e Representação) e do escrito não premiado Über der Grundlage der Moral (Sobre o Fundamento da Moral) –, avaliar a leitura e a interpretação de Tugendhat sobre o fundamento da moral schopenhaueriana, explicitando os motivos de afastamento do primeiro em relação ao segundo.
Os paradoxos (solúveis e insolúveis) da tolerância
Authors: Corrêa de Araujo Ricardo
Published: November 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar três paradoxos envolvidos na noção de tolerância e analisar suas possíveis soluções, utilizando os resultados desta discussão para descrever um possível quarto paradoxo, relativo ao valor atribuído à tolerância pelos agentes envolvidos, que é aqui considerado como constitutivo e, portanto, insolúvel. Para isto, será apresentada uma noção estrutural da tolerância como ideal moral, discutindo-se seus elementos. Em seguida, a partir da relação com os componentes específicos desta noção, serão analisados os três paradoxos mencionados, dois muito conhecidos e um terceiro pouco discutido e ainda a ser nomeado, e suas possíveis soluções, que exigirão, respectivamente: a apresentação de argumentos em favor da tolerância, a discussão dos seus limites e uma interpretação exigente do componente de desaprovação moral daquela estrutura. Por último, partindo da discussão dos paradoxos anteriores e das suas soluções, será proposto um possível quarto paradoxo, não formulado explicitamente como tal nestas discussões, mas cujos elementos constitutivos já foram indicados desde o século XVIII, bem como apresentadas as razões da sua aparente insolubilidade.
Denunciar ídolos: uma tarefa filosófica
Authors: Debona Vilmar
Published: November 2019

A questão norteadora consiste em indicar relações entre o tema da ausência ou da supressão de individualidades e o surgimento de ídolos. Dentre inúmeros casos que a história da filosofia ostenta, aqui são indicadas razões para assumirmos que Arthur Schopenhauer e Max Horkheimer ensejam dois exemplos de denúncias filosóficas de idolatrias e fanatismos. As simetrias no modo com que os pensadores tratam da questão são possibilitadas não apenas pela leitura cirúrgica e original que o pai da Teoria Crítica faz de Schopenhauer, mas também, e principalmente, pela asserção horkheimeriana de que “a doutrina de Schopenhauer tem significado no presente pelo fato de denunciar os ídolos de maneira implacável”. Deste, a crítica à ausência de individualidade, à banalidade e à in-diferença dos “humanos comuns”. Daquele, a preocupação com formas de atomização social que, ao surgirem, necessariamente ameaçam e
Delineamento de tarefas de cálculo diferencial e integral envolvendo sequências numéricas: análise de um processo
Authors: Ramos Nélvia Santana , Trevisan André Luis , Mendes Marcele Tavares
Published: November 2019

Assumindo a importância de refletir acerca do delineamento de tarefas matemáticas, em especial para aulas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral, intenta-se neste artigo analisar o processo de delineamento de uma das tarefas que compõem o produto educacional oriundo de uma dissertação de mestrado profissional em Ensino de Matemática: como foi elaborada, apresentada/trabalhada com os estudantes e, quando necessário, redesenhada e reaplicada.  Para tanto, adotam-se pressupostos da Pesquisa de Desenvolvimento e apresenta-se uma análise de cunho qualitativo, de natureza essencialmente descritiva, incluindo ciclos de aplicação que ocorreram ao longo de quatro semestres, em quatro contextos distintos. Na análise, procuramos evidenciar, por meio do item da tarefa selecionada, (i) elementos resultantes do percurso metodológico de delineamento das tarefas; (ii) fases de seu delineamento e (iii) análise retrospectiva e considerações da professora-pesquisadora, primeira autora do texto.
On the impact of future climate change on tropopause folds and tropospheric ozone
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Pozzer Andrea , Zanis Prodromos
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Using a transient simulation for the period 1960–2100 with the state-of-the-art ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry
(EMAC) global model and a tropopause fold identification algorithm, we explore the future projected changes in tropopause
folds, stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone, and tropospheric ozone under the RCP6.0 scenario. Statistically
significant changes in tropopause fold frequencies from 1970–1999 to 2070–2099 are identified in both hemispheres, regionally
exceeding 3 %, and are associated with the projected changes in the position and intensity of the subtropical
jet streams. A strengthening of ozone STT is projected for the future in both hemispheres, with an induced increase
in transported stratospheric ozone tracer throughout the whole troposphere, reaching up to 10 nmol mol−1 in
the upper troposphere, 8 nmol mol−1 in the middle troposphere, and 3 nmol mol−1 near the surface. Notably, the
regions exhibiting the largest changes of ozone STT at 400 hPa coincide with those with the highest fold frequency
changes, highlighting the role of the tropopause folding mechanism in STT processes under a changing climate. For both the
eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) and Afghanistan (AFG) regions, which are known as hotspots
of fold activity and ozone STT during the summer period, the year-to-year variability of middle-tropospheric
ozone with stratospheric origin is largely explained by the short-term variations in ozone at 150 hPa and
tropopause fold frequency. Finally, ozone in the lower troposphere is projected to decrease under the RCP6.0
scenario during MAM (March, April, and May) and JJA (June, July, and August) in the Northern Hemisphere and during
DJF (December, January, and February) in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the decline of ozone precursor emissions
and the enhanced ozone loss from higher water vapour abundances, while in the rest of the troposphere ozone shows
a remarkable increase owing mainly to the STT strengthening and the stratospheric ozone recovery.