bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation and physico-chemical analysis of sericin protein from silk
Authors: Razikova Malikakhon , Rasulova Durdona , Mirzayeva Dilobar , Mirkhodjayeva Dilobar
Published: October 2023

Sericin protein was extracted from silk using a water-based method. The impact of sericin on the aquatic environment and its behavior under various temperature conditions were thoroughly investigated. To assess the total protein content in the solutions derived from silk at different temperatures, the Lowry method was employed. Subsequently, sericin protein was isolated in its pure form. In order to gain deeper insights into the characteristics of sericin, both IR-spectrometric and UV-spectrometric analyses were conducted. These analyses provided valuable information about the molecular structure and properties of the sericin protein. Additionally, the study focused on determining the composition of amino acids present in the sericin protein. For this purpose, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed, allowing for precise quantification and identification of individual amino acids within the protein. Through these comprehensive analytical techniques and experiments, researchers aimed to unravel the properties, behavior, and potential applications of sericin protein, contributing to a better understanding of its role and impact in various environmental and temperature conditions.
Clinical Experience with the Shiley S-100 Disposable Blood Oxygenator
Authors: Roesler Michele S. , Bull Catherine , Catchpole Leslie A. , Ionescu Marian I.
Published: October 2023

The Shiley S-100 oxygenator with an integral heat exchanger is described and data from 180 perfusions in adult patients analyzed. The oxygenator produces satisfactory pO2 and PCO2 values with a mean gas flow /blood flow ratio of0.87. The platelet counts following perfusion were reduced by only 40% of the pre-perfusion levels. The mean value of plasma free hemoglobin was 26.2 mg/100 ml/60 minutes of bypass. The performance of the heat exchanger was investigated in 44 patients. The mean cooling and rewarming times (from 36.5 to 29.6°C and from 29.6 to 37°C) were 0.9 and 2.2 minutes for each degree of temperature per m2 surface area respectively. There have been neither mechanical-hydraulic problems with this unit during perfusion nor oxygenator related morbidity or mortality in the entire series of patients.
Der Einsatz von Short Bouts als Paradigmenwechsel bei der
Ausgestaltung von Bewegungsinterventionen
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Peters Stefan
Published: October 2023

Die positiven Gesundheitswirkungen von körperlicher Aktivität
sind weitreichend belegt. Gängige Bewegungsempfehlungen legen den
Menschen 150 Minuten moderate bzw. 75 Minuten intensive körperliche
Aktivität pro Woche zuzüglich zweimaligem Krafttraining nahe.
Die Forschung der jüngeren Vergangenheit und Gegenwart
beschäftigt sich intensiv damit, welche Rolle die Dauer der einzelnen
Abschnitte (Bouts) für die Gesundheit hat. Die vorliegende Arbeit
liefert einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der
wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zu sogenannten Short Bouts (Abb. 1) in der
Bewegungsförderung und verwandten Konzepten.

Es werden Befunde bei präklinischen und klinischen Populationen, bei
Gesunden bzw. speziell bei Älteren dargelegt. Dabei werden einzelne
Schwerpunkte gelegt, die wissenschaftlich jüngst häufiger
bearbeitet wurden (z. B. Endpunkte des Glukosestoffwechsels).
Qualitätsmanagementsystem und POLKA
Authors: Krell Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

Das Modellvorhaben POLKA hat das Ziel, den Interventionspfad in die
Regelversorgung von voll- und teilstationären Pflegeeinrichtungen zu
implementieren. Dazu muss der Interventionspfad in das
Qualitätsmanagementsystem gemäß „§ 112
SGB XI Qualitätsverantwortung“ der jeweiligen Pflegeeinrichtung
integriert werden. Die Möglichkeit, diesen Implementierungsprozess auf
die „DIN EN ISO 9001:2015: Anforderungen an ein
Qualitätsmanagementsystem” auszurichten, wird erläutert.
Beispielhaft wird die Einbettung der Schritte der Implementierung des
Interventionspfades in die Kapitelstruktur der ISO 9001:2015 dargelegt.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Long-term results of endoscopic treatment
Authors: Manfredi Guido , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Alicante Saverio , Romeo Samanta , Berté Roberto , Gandolfi Silvia , Spinazzola Angelo , Fiini Michela , Forner Pierangelo , Buscarini Elisabetta
Published: October 2023

Background and study aims This longitudinal prospective study evaluated the long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectases (HHT), its safety and outcome predictors.

Patients and methods Consecutive patients with HHT and either anemia disproportionate to epistaxis or overt gastrointestinal bleeding received endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal telangiectases with argon plasma coagulation (APC). Hemoglobin levels and transfusion requirements were evaluated before and after treatment. Treatment effectiveness was classified as: 1) complete: hemoglobin level during the follow-up ≥9 g/dL; 2) complete with recurrence: hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL for at least 12 months with subsequent drop to <9 g/dL; or 3) absent: no improvement of hemoglobin level. Adverse events (AEs) were classified as mild, moderate, severe or fatal. Correlations were searched between treatment outcome and demographic/genetic characteristics, number, size and site of telangiectases, and hepatic arterio-venous malformations grade.

Results Forty-seven patients with HHT were enrolled. At median follow-up of 134 months (range 20–243 months), 41 of 47 patients showed treatment response (complete or with recurrence) after one (14/47) or more (27/47) endoscopic treatments. Median hemoglobin levels were 7.0 g/dL and 11.9 g/dL at baseline and at the end of follow-up, respectively. Transfusion requirement decreased from 22.8 to 7.3 red cell unit/year. A higher baseline number of telangiectases was associated with a lower chance of response (P=0.008). Only one severe AE (0.4%, jejunal perforation) was recorded.

Conclusions Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal teleangiectases for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with HHT is effective in the long term and safe.
Nexus between financial inclusion, workers’ remittances, and unemployment rate in Asian economies
Authors: Wu Wen , Hon-Wei Leow , Yang Siyao , Muda Iskandar , Xu Zhaoyi
Published: October 2023

Unemployment is one of the biggest macroeconomic issues, and economists and policymakers have provided various options to tackle this menace. Financial inclusion and remittances are an important part of any economy and help increase the level of employment. However, despite extensive research, several gaps and issues in understanding the intricate relationship between financial inclusion, workers’ remittances, and the unemployment rate in Asian economies persist. This paper seeks to bridge these gaps and address the issues by examining the relationship between financial inclusion, workers’ remittances, and the unemployment rate in Asian economies using rigorous econometric methodologies, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) methods. The findings of 2SLS and GMM demonstrate that ATM, remittances, internet users, GDP, and financial globalization adversely influence the unemployment levels in Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, West & Middle East Asia, and South Asia in 2SLS and GMM models. However, the influence of inflation on the unemployment level is favourable in some regions. Therefore, it is important to give priority to policies that encourage financial inclusion, such as increasing underprivileged populations’ access to banking services, credit, and insurance. Moreover, reducing transaction costs, streamlining money transfers, and promoting formal remittance channels can boost remittances.
Silver molybdate nanocrystal-reinforced high-performance anti-coronavirus composite polymer coating
Authors: Zhao Xu , Cao Zhihui , Hua Xiufu , Chen Luocheng , Wei Tong , Li Shaozhen
Published: October 2023

In response to the present epidemic situation, this work proposes an anti-coronavirus composite polymer coating with nano-Ag2MoO4 as the core component to reduce the potential safety hazards caused by excessive use of disinfectants. Nano-β-Ag2MoO4 with mixed morphology was produced with industrialized preparation technology. Among them, oval nanoparticles are core components with antiviral properties, and long rod-shaped particles are used to identify whether the stirring process meets the standard. After x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy testing, nano-β-Ag2MoO4 stored for 4 years still meets the design requirements in terms of purity, crystal phase, shape, and scale, which solves the problem of the long-term effect of core components. In the existing water-based paint production process, the mixing process and formula of nano-β-Ag2MoO4 were explored, and the large-scale production process of anti-virus water-based paint was solved. Resistance tests against the HCoV-229E coronavirus showed that the anti-coronavirus activity rate of the nano-β-Ag2MoO4 coating at a weight concentration of 200 ppm was 99.5% within 2 h, which verified the effectiveness of the composite polymer coating.
Effect of combustion chamber diameter size on scramjet rotating detonation under high Mach number flow conditions
Authors: Shu Chen , Lin Wei , Tong Yiheng , Zhou Siyin , Yan Chenglong , Gao Yuchao
Published: October 2023

This study conducted 3D numerical simulations to investigate the impact of combustion chamber diameter on the combustion characteristics of liquid kerosene scramjet rotating detonation under high Mach number flow conditions (Ma6/28 km). After ignition, a local hotspot near the contact surface between the combustion product and fresh reactant facilitates the generation of new detonation wave heads, resulting in a co-directional multi-wave mode in the detonation combustion flow field. The higher total temperature of the incoming flow restricts the accumulation of a substantial fuel gas layer in the axial direction of the combustion chamber, resulting in a smaller fuel distribution area and a lower wave head. Increasing the inner diameter of the combustion chamber leads to an increase in the number of wave heads but a decrease in overall height. Specifically, when using diameters of 125 and 150 mm, we observed significant periodic low-frequency oscillations in the peak pressure of the detonation wave during stable propagation. The specific impulse of the fuel does not vary significantly across different combustion chamber diameters. However, when the inner diameter is 75 mm, periodic oscillations occur, which reduce thrust stability. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing combustion chamber design and improving the efficiency and stability of liquid kerosene scramjet rotating detonation propulsion systems under high Mach number flow conditions.
Design and analysis of a microminiature omnidirectional wave energy-harvesting device based on a spatial slider–crank mechanism
Authors: Shi Shuai , Yang Fuchun , Fan Shulong , Xu Zhuang
Published: October 2023

Energy-harvesting devices using wave energy and ocean current energy can provide higher endurance and operation capacity for small floating or mobile equipment in offshore operations. In this paper, a microminiature omnidirectional wave energy-harvesting device based on a spatial slider–crank mechanism was designed for equipment whose length is less than ordinary ocean wavelength. It can harvest the ocean wave energy from the omnidirectional swing of the buoy and convert the reciprocating swing motion of the buoy into the unidirectional rotation motion of the generator to improve the energy conversion efficiency. The dynamic model and equivalent circuit model of the energy-harvesting device were established by the Lagrangian method and circuit-based analysis method, respectively. The model was simulated, and the effects of parameters such as crank length, wave period, etc. were investigated. The results showed that the device has good energy-harvesting performances, especially in medium and low sea conditions. In addition, the performance of the device can be improved by adjusting the length of the crank and rod.
Physics-based modelling for mapping firebrand flux and heat load on structures in the wildland–urban interface
Authors: Wickramasinghe Amila , Khan Nazmul , Filkov Alexander , Moinuddin Khalid
Published: October 2023

Background This study investigates firebrand and heat flux exposures of structures in the wildland–urban interface (WUI). Australian Building Standard AS3959 defines Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs) based on radiant heat flux exposure of properties at the WUI. Despite the fact that firebrands are one of the main causes of house losses in the WUI, firebrand attack levels on houses are still not quantified owing to inherent difficulties. Aims We aimed to quantify firebrand flux on houses for three Fire Danger Indices (FDIs). Methods Three wildfires with varying fireline intensities were modelled to mimic wildfire exposure at FDIs of 100, 80 and 50. The current model was improved by adding the effects of fuel moisture content (FMC), vegetation and wind speed to estimate firebrand generation rates in different vegetation species for various fire severities, and these rates were used to simulate firebrand attack on structures. The firebrand and radiative heat fluxes on the structures were calculated to develop correlations to quantify firebrand attack. Key results A logarithmic relationship between firebrand flux and radiative heat flux was found. Conclusions and implications The findings are beneficial in quantifying firebrand flux on houses for different vegetation fires to improve building construction requirements and mitigate the vulnerability of structures at the WUI.
Polyubiquitin ligand-induced phase transitions are optimized by spacing between ubiquitin units
Authors: Galagedera Sarasi K. K. , Dao Thuy P. , Enos Suzanne E. , Chaudhuri Antara , Schmit Jeremy D. , Castañeda Carlos A.
Published: October 2023

Biomolecular condensates form via multivalent interactions among key macromolecules and are regulated through ligand binding and/or posttranslational modifications. One such modification is ubiquitination, the covalent addition of ubiquitin (Ub) or polyubiquitin chains to target macromolecules. Specific interactions between polyubiquitin chains and partner proteins, including hHR23B, NEMO, and UBQLN2, regulate condensate assembly or disassembly. Here, we used a library of designed polyubiquitin hubs and UBQLN2 as model systems for determining the driving forces of ligand-mediated phase transitions. Perturbations to either the UBQLN2-binding surface of Ub or the spacing between Ub units reduce the ability of hubs to modulate UBQLN2 phase behavior. By developing an analytical model based on polyphasic linkage principles that accurately described the effects of different hubs on UBQLN2 phase separation, we determined that introduction of Ub to UBQLN2 condensates incurs a significant inclusion energetic penalty. This penalty antagonizes the ability of polyUb hubs to scaffold multiple UBQLN2 molecules and cooperatively amplify phase separation. The extent to which polyubiquitin hubs promote UBQLN2 phase separation is encoded in the spacings between Ub units. This spacing is modulated by chains of different linkages and designed chains of different architectures, thus illustrating how the ubiquitin code regulates functionality via the emergent properties of the condensate. The spacing in naturally occurring linear polyubiquitin chains is already optimized to promote phase separation with UBQLN2. We expect our findings to extend to other condensates, emphasizing the importance of ligand properties, including concentration, valency, affinity, and spacing between binding sites in studies and designs of condensates.
Stochastic Turing patterns of trichomes in
Arabidopsis
leaves
Authors: Di Patti Francesca , Ugartechea Chirino Yamel , Arbel-Goren Rinat , Sharon Tom , Castillo Aaron , Alvarez–Buylla Elena , Fanelli Duccio , Stavans Joel
Published: October 2023

Biological patterns that emerge during the morphogenesis of multicellular organisms can display high precision at large scales, while at cellular scales, cells exhibit large fluctuations stemming from cell–cell differences in molecular copy numbers also called demographic noise. We study the conflicting interplay between high precision and demographic noise in trichome patterns on the epidermis of wild-type
Arabidopsis thaliana
leaves, as a two-dimensional model system. We carry out a statistical characterization of these patterns and show that their power spectra display fat tails—a signature compatible with noise-driven stochastic Turing patterns—which are absent in power spectra of patterns driven by deterministic instabilities. We then present a theoretical model that includes demographic noise stemming from birth–death processes of genetic regulators which we study analytically and by stochastic simulations. The model captures the observed experimental features of trichome patterns.
Joining Landauer approach and classical multi electronic master-equation description in nanoscale transport for non-interactive systems
Authors: Moreira Augusto C L , da Silva Juliana A B
Published: October 2023

In this work we show that in the non-interacting limit, i.e., when the electronic structure of the N-particle states is frozen, in the wide-band limit (WBL) approximation, the classical master equation (CME) with the electron transfer rates obtained via Fermi golden rule and the elastic scattering approach (ES) are equivalent. This fact is encouraging, since it allows the insertion of elastic mechanisms into quantum transport via the CME approach thus, describing weak and strong quantum transport regimes on an equal footing within this theory.
Wide frequency phonons manipulation in Si nanowire by introducing nanopillars and nanoparticles
Authors: Li 李 Yatao 亚涛 , Liu 刘 Yingguang 英光 , Li 李 Xin 鑫 , Li 李 Hengxuan 亨宣 , Wang 王 Zhixiang 志香 , Zhang 张 Jiuyi 久意
Published: October 2023

The combination of different nanostructures can hinder phonons transmission in a wide frequency range and further reduce the thermal conductivity (TC). This will benefit the improvement and application of thermoelectric conversion, insulating materials and thermal barrier coatings, etc. In this work, the effects of nanopillars and Ge nanoparticles (GNPs) on the thermal transport of Si nanowire (SN) are investigated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation. By analyzing phonons transport behaviors, it is confirmed that the introduction of nanopillars leads to the occurrence of low-frequency phonons resonance, and nanoparticles enhance high-frequency phonons interface scattering and localization. The results show that phonons transport in the whole frequency range can be strongly hindered by the simultaneous introduction of nanopillars and nanoparticles. In addition, the effects of system length, temperature, sizes and numbers of nanoparticles on the TC are investigated. Our work provides useful insights into the effective regulation of the TC of nanomaterials.
Investigation of Cervical Cancer Detection from Whole Slide Imaging
Authors: Uma N , Inbanila K
Published: October 2023

Early cancer detection is critical in enhancing a patient’s clinical results. Cervical cancer detection from a large number of whole slide images generated regularly in a clinical setting is a complex and time-consuming task. As a result, we require an efficient and accurate model for early cancer diagnosis, especially cervical cancer as it can be fully prevented if detected in an early stage. This study focuses on in-depth writing on current methodologies for cervical cancer segmentation and characterization from the whole cervical slide. It combines the state of their specialty’s performance measurement with the quantitative evaluation of cutting-edge techniques. Numerous publications over the last eleven years (2011-2022) clearly outline various cervical imaging methods over multiple blocks. And this review shows different types of algorithms used in each processing stage of detection. The study clearly indicates the advancements in the automation field and the necessity of the same.
Decision Support System in Identification of Lesions in the Dense Breast on Digital Mammograms
Authors: Amin Ashwini , Dinesh Acharya U , Prakashini K , Siddalingaswamy P C
Published: October 2023

Background

The most common cancer affecting women globally is breast cancer. The most effective and extensively used tool for identifying breast abnormalities in the early stage is mammography screening. However, it is less effective when there is high breast density. Therefore, the radiologist considers a sonomammography in addition to mammography to identify and characterize the lesion. Therefore, we aim at modelling a decision support system to identify a lesion in a dense breast using a mammogram and thereby avoiding additional sonomammogram.

Methods

In this work, the image pixels were pre-processed to produce super-pixels that are very meaningful and easy to analyse. Texture features extracted using a rotation invariant local binary pattern (RI-LBP) approach from super-pixels. Feature Selection algorithm was used to extract the top 5 features. The performance of various machine learning models was studied, and the best model was used for the prediction of the presence or absence of lesions in the mammogram images.

Results

The findings suggest that breast masses localized in the dense background can be described by features produced from RI-LBP super-pixel patterns in very effective and efficient ways. The experiment showed that with 500 super-pixels and only 5 RI-LBP features, the Support Vector machine model with gaussian kernel yielded an accuracy value of 90.38% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve score of 0.96 for the mammogram dataset.
A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Approaches for Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Hegde Govardhan , Prabhu Srikanth , Gupta Shourya , Prabhu Gautham Manuru , Palorkar Anshita , Srujan Metta Venkata , Bhandary Sulatha V
Published: October 2023

Retinal vessel segmentation (RVS) is important to accurately differentiate retinal vasculature for diagnosing and monitoring various ocular and systemic diseases. The traditional methods for RVS have mostly involved supervised learning, although semi-supervised and unsupervised techniques are on the rise. This paper reviews the increase in complexity of developments in RVS primarily after 2020. The methods were chosen to cover both the gradual transition over time and a variety of unorthodox or combinatorial approaches. This includes convolutional neural networks, encoder-decoder models, generative models, and other multi-modal or hybrid techniques. CNN approaches discussed employ Zero Phase Component Analysis, Global Contrast Normalization, and reinforcement learning. Encoder-decoder models include approaches such as the use of skip and residual connections, spatial attention, and atrous enhancement U-Net. Generative models propose short link connections, recurrent residual blocks, and multi-scale features to refine convolutional blocks. Hybrid methods involve the use of connectivity features, the MISODATA Algorithm, cross-domain adaptation, and multiple filters (such as morphological, match, and Gabor). All the frameworks are compared based on their performance on the benchmark dataset DRIVE to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of RVS.
Design and Implementation of High Speed 32-bit MAC Unit
Authors: Bharghava ram dinesh K. , Vinoth R. , Kasyap M.V.R.
Published: October 2023

Due to the recent advances in VLSI technology, the need for efficient real time signal processing units have increased. The multiplier-and-accumulator (MAC) unit is the essential element of the digital signal processor. The aim is to design an 32-bit MAC unit that can perform multiplication and accumulation operation. Hence designing an effective MAC unit with reduced latency is necessary for better performance. The proposed MAC unit uses Carry-Select adder and Vedic multiplier which offers better speed (1.746 ns) in comparison with MAC unit designed using Ripple carry adder (1.782 ns). Urdhva tiryaghbyam sutra is the base sutra used in Vedic multiplier. The design was implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx Vivado tool and synthesis was done using Cadence Genus tool.
Pencil-drawn graphitic traces on sticky note paper for wearable electronics
Authors: Padmanabha Shreyas , Gopal P Nanda , Waheed Laila A , Ramesh Madhumitha , Pramanick Bidhan , Thakur Goutam , De Shounak
Published: October 2023

Pencil-on-sticky note paper electrodes (PeoS) is a novel electrode fabrication method, using graphite from a pencil lead as an active material and sticky note paper as the substrate. This technique offers a low-cost and simple alternative for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. In this paper, we aim to investigate the potential of PeoS as an effective electrode material for wearable electronic applications. The SEM images show overlapping graphite flakes, and the resistance of graphitic electrodes is found to be greater for xerox paper than for sticky note paper. An RC circuit based on sticky note paper yields the true nature for the square wave input. A bending test of the pencil-on-sticky note paper circuit shows an almost constant resistance value, showing PeoS has the potential to be used as a cost-effective alternative to traditional electrodes in wearable electronic applications, providing promising results for the future of non-invasive measurements of electrical signals.
Subject Dependent and Subject Independent Analysis for Emotion Recognition Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal
Authors: Dewangan N , Thakur K , Singh B K , Soni A , Mandal S
Published: October 2023

Brain signals for the human-computer interface is a research interest in recent years. The brain is the most vital part of our body. It handles and manages all types of activities of the body. Brain signals appear when neurons inside the brain send electrical impulses to communicate and elicit electrical potentials. This electrical activity can be measured by Electroencephalogram (EEG) through electrodes. EEG signals can help to recognize human emotions effectively. It is a non-invasive method to collect brain signals. In this paper, we have studied the subject-dependent and subject-independent analysis for four emotions (happy, sad, fear, and neutral) using the SEED-IV dataset of EEG signals for emotion. The raw EEG signals of the SEED-IV dataset have been preprocessed to remove unwanted signals and noise. 32 statistical features have been extracted from the preprocessed EEG signals and used as input for classifiers. Here, we achieved an average of 95.73% accuracy for 15 subjects for subject-dependent analysis for emotional classification using a cubic support vector machine (SVM). Based on cubic SVM and fine Gaussian SVM, we achieved an average classification accuracy of 78.46% and 83.7% for subject-independent analysis.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Properties in Gd3+-Eu3+ Ions Pair Doped MYF4 (M = Li, Na, and K)
Authors: Jaiswal S. R. , Bhati U. T. , Nagpure P.A. , Omanwar S. K.
Published: October 2023

LiYF4, NaYF4, and KYF4 doped with Gd3+-Eu3+ ion pairs synthesised by soft route (wet) chemical technique tracked by Reactive Atmosphere Process (RAP). The phase purity of every synthesized material is verified using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence emission (PL) properties are examined in ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regions. A new type of photon harvesting (cutting) process is studied in the synthesized phosphors. The Quantum Cutting (QC) is observed only in host LiYF4 doped with Gd3+-Eu3+ Phosphor.
Development and Empirical Evaluation of a Biomimetic Autonomous Robotic Arm for Manipulating Objects with Diverse geometries
Authors: Mohanraj A P , Venkatesan S , Veerabarath M P , Yokeshkanna K , Nijanthan V
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the design and development of a biomimetic robotic arm, elaborating on the experiments conducted with the developed arm to handle objects of diverse geometries, as well as evaluating its agility during grasping tasks. When automating fruit harvesting, it is crucial to minimize damage to leaves, as they play an essential role in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a versatile prehensile design is imperative for grasping fruits with various shapes. Existing technologies for harvesting fruit meant for processing are limited to soft, fresh fruit due to the risk of mechanical damage. As an alternative, a robotic system that emulates human fruit picking can improve fruit quality while maintaining efficiency. Consequently, a robotic hand with deformable fingers inspired by the human arm is developed. The robotic system must also be cost-effective. A single-gear motor is utilized to control the arm’s functions and ensure agile responsiveness when grasping objects with different shapes, incorporating a self-adaptive mechanism. During the development process, several grasping tests are conducted to evaluate the arm’s ability to handle basic shape primitives such as spheres and cylinders. The goal is to offer an alternative to manual fruit picking by creating a system capable of identifying, locating, and detaching fruit without causing damage to the fruit or tree. The robot is also equipped with A. In technology such as object detection and manipulation, the model is trained using a convolutional neural network for grasping the objects with appropriate pressures.
Performance evaluation of adjustable stroke piston pump with varying fulcrum position
Authors: Labade Kirankumar , Purohit Pritee
Published: October 2023

Lubrication of machines is done manually or using automatic systems, the purpose of the automatic lubrication system is to provide specified amount of lubrication at specified lubrication points using a controlled pump system. The proposed work is based on auto control variable displacement pump and referencing to literature survey it is a novel work involves, an innovative kinematic link base stroke changing mechanism. The stoke variation mechanism serves to alter the stroke of the piston pump in controlled manner to control the flow rate of the pump precisely. The design of the linkage for stoke variation has been done. The previous studies deal with the theoretical design and analysis of the components of the variator mechanism. The variator mechanism is used to vary the angle of oscillation of the output and thereby the stroke of the piston of the pumping element. The variator mechanism design includes the design of the worm gear box and its components, variator screw and nut arrangement. Selection of the motor to operate the linkage and the force analysis based on the motor specifications has been carried out. The present work deals the manufacturing and preliminary testing of the device. In that testing was carried out at various input speeds to the pump and the actual discharge from the pump was measured and the volumetric efficiency of the pump at the particular speed and fulcrum position was determined. Results of the two fulcrum positions were compared and evaluated. Further testing will be carried out in the next six months and the optimization of the fulcrum position for desired discharge will be done. The IOT circuit and mechanism will then be configured suitably.
Compressive deformation behavior of closed-cell aluminium syntactic foam
Authors: Thiyagarajan Raja , Sakthivel G , Jegadeeshwaran R , Lakshmipathi J , Senthil Kumar M
Published: October 2023

The present study investigates the compressive deformation behaviour of aluminium matrix syntactic foam. Thecenosphere hollow filler was incorporated into the aluminium matrix to fabricate the syntactic foam using stir casting technique. A compressive test was conducted on the syntactic foam to evaluate their mechanical properties, and the results were compared with the finite element ABAQUS explicit simulation software. The plateau strength and energy absorption capacities of the experimental and numerical results show a deviation of 1.76 and 7.13% respectively. The numerical results are good, in agreement with the obtained experimental results, and beneficial in understanding the compressive behaviour of closed-cell syntactic foam.
Joining of INCONEL-625 by microwave hybrid heating and its performance analysis
Authors: Magdum Bhauso , Gaikwad Vinayak
Published: October 2023

Welding is a process in joining of two or more metals which is done by using or without using of filler materials. Domestic microwave ovens have been in use since last century. Now a day’s microwave technology could be employed to process materials. The investigation is carried out to compare the performance of Joint formed by Microwave hybrid heating with respect to tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Radiations emitted from microwave are used to join INCONEL-625 by employing INCONEL-625 powder of grain size 40μm as interface material. Graphite, Silicon carbide (SiC) and Charcoal was used as a susceptor material. And thin graphite sheet is used as separator. Traditional TIG welding machine is used to join INCONEL625 plates with INCONEL-625 wire as filler material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization joints after welding shows complete melting of INCONEL-625 powder particles and good metallurgical bonding with surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of niobium and chromium carbides and intermetallic phases. Joining of same INCONEL-625 plates by using TIG welding has successfully conducted. The novelty of this study is to develop new material joining approach by microwave heating. The comparative study showed material diffusion in microwave hybrid heating is much greater than that of TIG welding. Weld formed by microwave heating is more effective that of TIG welding.
ParkIT: Smart Parking Application using Deep Learning
Authors: Jaybhaye Sangita , Patil Saraswati , Mhoprekar Swapnil , Modase Tanish , Mudawadkar Gautam , Nagpure Prathmesh
Published: October 2023

One of the main implications of population growth and high lifestyle standards, particularly in urban areas, is the increase in city traffic. Trying to find a parking spot during rush hours is time-consuming and causes unnecessary fuel wastage. Uncoordinated searching for parking spaces often results in traffic in such spaces and increased vehicle exhaust volume has a detrimental effect on the environment. Along with that, the same parking charges regardless of the parking time are quite unreasonable. Dynamic parking fees and reservation-based smart parking systems have therefore become essential. The technique presented in the research communicates parking information to a driver in advance, considerably decreasing the time spent in searching parking spaces.
Design and Optimization of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Alternator for Onboard Power Generation in Two-Wheeler Applications
Authors: Jaya Shankar R , Lakshmipathi J , Raghukiran N , Manickavasagam P , Govardhan YS , Sakthivel G
Published: October 2023

The Main motive of this work is to develop an Axial flux Permanent magnet alternator for on board power generation source for an electric bike. An average electric bike having a range of 40KM to 60KM per full charge will take an average of 3 hours to charge. In the present work, an onboard power generator is modeled for an electric bike which has its very own power generation system. An axial flux permanent magnet alternator is coupled to pedal and whenever the pedaling action is performed, the alternator produces power to recharge battery or also run the hub motor of the electric bike depending upon the required output voltage with the help of relay Switch. The mathematical modelling and design of the axial flux permanent magnet alternator is done using Matlab and Solidworks. Axial flux alternators are increasingly being used for large-and small-scale applications because of innovation, new material research, and manufacturing techniques that save time. Depending on the needed output power, the axial flux alternator can be built with or without an iron core and with “n” numbers of stator and rotor. The surface mounted permanent magnet technique and several one side and both side topologies with and without iron cores were designed in this work. Small-scale E-bikes employ the AFPM alternator to generate power onboard. Depending on the application, the power generated may be supplied back to a BLDC motor or used to recharge batteries. The respective results were discussed in this paper.
Vibration based damage detection of steel plate
Authors: Ritzy R , Ziza F , Girija K
Published: October 2023

It is very important to monitor the occurrence of damage of various structures. By early detection of damage and by taking the proper corrective measures the failure of damage could be avoided. When damage occurs in structure it results in change in stiffness properties of the structure which in turn result in change in modal properties like natural frequency, mode shape change, mode shape curvature and strain energy of a structure. These parameters are used as an input to train the artificial neural network(ANN). The efficiency of the ANN to predict the damage at single and multiple damage cases using the change in natural frequency and strain energy was evaluated in this study. The efficiency of individual modes and combination of frequency and strain energy to detect damage is also considered in this study. The modal parameters were obtained by carrying out modal analysis using ANSYS 2021 R1 software and the ANN was developed using MATLAB software. The results indicated that the strain energy accurately predict the damage location and varies linearly with severity of damage. It is better to use combination of frequency and strain energy as indicator to detect damages.
Recent developments in phycosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for biomedicine and environmental applications
Authors: Chaudhary Shrutika , Bharadvaja Navneeta
Published: October 2023

Nanoparticles are becoming integral components in every sector considering their unmatched properties with their counter bulk material. However, in the last couple of decades, several reports suggested metal nanoparticles are toxic to biological systems either directly or indirectly. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess excellent optical, electrical, food packaging properties, etc. Although, the use of chemically toxic reducing agents for the synthesis of ZnO NPs induces toxicity. Therefore, biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs has been exploited using different sources such as plant leaves, stems, fungi algae, etc NPs synthesised via these methods are biodegradable, biocompatible, low toxic, and highly effective in different applications. Algae being widely available and easy to harvest becomes a suitable candidate for ZnO NPs synthesis. Algae mediated/phycosynthesis is a technique where algae accumulate zinc oxides and reduce them to zinc ions to form ZnO NPs. The ease of synthesis of ZnO NPs using this method produces NPs in abundant quantity and of variable sizes. Intracellular and extracellular syntheses are two mechanisms of phycosynthesis of ZnO NPs. These ZnO NPs have several beneficial properties like antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, antioxidant, larvicidal, antidiabetic, etc. Additionally, it has low scale-up cost, and low energy input. This article provides detailed information about the routes of phycosynthesis of ZnO NPs using different algal strains, properties, and their potential application in the biomedical field and environmental remediation.
Ratiometric fluorescence detection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme via single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots
Authors: Zhan Zhihua , Mao Huihui , Xue Mingyue , Han Guocheng , Zhou Guohua , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2023

Efficient and rapid detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is important for preventing hypertension and the discovery of new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). In this work, a single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared and applied for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ACE. Fresh banyan leaves were extracted with ethanol and acetone, and the extracted solution was used as the precursor to produce the carbon quantum dots (BL-CQDs) with single-excitation and double-emission properties. The synthesized BL-CQDs is about 1.7 nm, has a graphene-like structure, contains a variety of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface, and has good fluorescence properties. Its fluorescence intensity ratio (I677/I460) is linear with ACE activity in the range of 0.02–0.8 U l−1. The regression equation is △F=2.5371 C

ACE
-0.0311. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ACE activity in pig lung and human serum, and the inhibitory efficiency of the flavonoid extract and captopril tablets on ACE activity was also investigated, which can be applied to the screening of ACEI. The survival rate and fluorescence imaging of Bel-7404 cells under the condition of high concentration BL-CQDs showed BL-CQDs had low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. These results indicate that the BL-CQDs can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe, providing a new method for screening ACE activity and plant-derived ACEI.
Cluster algebra structures on Poisson nilpotent algebras
Authors: Goodearl K. , Yakimov M.
Published: October 2023

Various coordinate rings of varieties appearing in the theory of Poisson Lie groups and Poisson homogeneous spaces belong to the large, axiomatically defined class of symmetric Poisson nilpotent algebras, e.g. coordinate rings of Schubert cells for symmetrizable Kac–Moody groups, affine charts of Bott-Samelson varieties, coordinate rings of double Bruhat cells (in the last case after a localization). We prove that every symmetric Poisson nilpotent algebra satisfying a mild condition on certain scalars is canonically isomorphic to a cluster algebra which coincides with the corresponding upper cluster algebra, without additional localizations by frozen variables. The constructed cluster structure is compatible with the Poisson structure in the sense of Gekhtman, Shapiro and Vainshtein. All Poisson nilpotent algebras are proved to be equivariant Poisson Unique Factorization Domains. Their seeds are constructed from sequences of Poisson-prime elements for chains of Poisson UFDs; mutation matrices are effectively determined from linear systems in terms of the underlying Poisson structure. Uniqueness, existence, mutation, and other properties are established for these sequences of Poisson-prime elements.
Baseline ImPACT Composite Scores in Student-Athletes With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hrabarchuk Eugene I , Hannah Theodore , Kalagara Roshini , Li Adam Y , Schupper Alexander J , McCarthy Lily , Ali Muhammad , Quinones Addison , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark , Choudhri Tanvir F
Published: October 2023

Background

Athletes who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of concussion compared to other athletes. Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a widely used concussion tool, but it relies on pre-injury baseline testing that can be affected by psychiatric conditions. This research aims to determine if there are differences in pre-injury testing composite scores in student-athletes with ADHD compared to those without ADHD diagnosis.

Methods

We obtained 11,563 pre-season ImPACT assessments of 7,454 student-athletes (ages: 12–22) from 2009 to 2019. After exclusions, there were 6,920 control and 276 ADHD subjects. Multivariable linear regression analyses compared the independent effect of ADHD on the six ImPACT composite score metrics with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons with a = 0.008.

Results

Univariate analyses indicated ADHD is associated with more symptoms as measured by the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) (β = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.47–3.87, p < .0001) and worse Impulse Control scores (β = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.33–1.53, p = .002). In multivariate analysis, this association was the same for symptom score (β = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.22–3.74, p < .0001), but Impulse Control was not significantly different after multiple comparison adjustment (β = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.22–1.15, p = .009).

Conclusions

The ADHD subjects reported worse symptoms at baseline and had worse Impulse Control in univariate analysis, but not multivariate analysis. These results can further guide clinicians in concussion diagnosis and test interpretations for student-athletes with ADHD, considering the symptom burden at baseline.
SoyDNGP: a web-accessible deep learning framework for genomic prediction in soybean breeding
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Zhao Haonan , Luo Zheng , Lin Yifan , Feng Wanjie , Li Yaling , Kong Fanjiang , Li Xia , Fang Chao , Wang Xutong
Published: October 2023

Soybean is a globally significant crop, playing a vital role in human nutrition and agriculture. Its complex genetic structure and wide trait variation, however, pose challenges for breeders and researchers aiming to optimize its yield and quality. Addressing this biological complexity requires innovative and accurate tools for trait prediction. In response to this challenge, we have developed SoyDNGP, a deep learning-based model that offers significant advancements in the field of soybean trait prediction. Compared to existing methods, such as DeepGS and DNNGP, SoyDNGP boasts a distinct advantage due to its minimal increase in parameter volume and superior predictive accuracy. Through rigorous performance comparison, including prediction accuracy and model complexity, SoyDNGP represents improved performance to its counterparts. Furthermore, it effectively predicted complex traits with remarkable precision, demonstrating robust performance across different sample sizes and trait complexities. We also tested the versatility of SoyDNGP across multiple crop species, including cotton, maize, rice and tomato. Our results showed its consistent and comparable performance, emphasizing SoyDNGP's potential as a versatile tool for genomic prediction across a broad range of crops. To enhance its accessibility to users without extensive programming experience, we designed a user-friendly web server, available at http://xtlab.hzau.edu.cn/SoyDNGP. The server provides two features: 'Trait Lookup', offering users the ability to access pre-existing trait predictions for over 500 soybean accessions, and 'Trait Prediction', allowing for the upload of VCF files for trait estimation. By providing a high-performing, accessible tool for trait prediction, SoyDNGP opens up new possibilities in the quest for optimized soybean breeding.