bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy and DSMC Calculations for the Determination of Species-Specific Diffusion Coefficients of a CO2-N2O Gas Mixture in the Transition Gas Regime
Authors: Munusamy Kannan , Kleine Harald , O’Byrne Sean
Published: November 2024

Multicomponent gas mixture diffusion in a microscale confined flow in the transition gas regime at Knudsen numbers (Kn) above 0.1 has potential engineering applications in gas-phase microfluidics. Although the calculation of the diffusion coefficient accounts for the influence of the concentration of other species in a multicomponent gas mixture, the higher rate of gas-wall collision at 0.1 < Kn ≤ 10 introduces additional complications not predicted by conventional calculation methods. Thus, simultaneous measurement of diffusion coefficients for multiple gas species ensures accurate estimation of the diffusion coefficient of a particular species that includes the effect of interactions with other species and wall surface conditions in a multicomponent gas mixture at Kn > 0.1. However, most experimental methods for measuring the diffusion coefficient are not species-specific and therefore cannot directly differentiate between the species diffusing in a gas mixture. Thus, this paper demonstrates a new experiment methodology consisting of a two-bulb diffusion configuration accompanied by a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy detection technique for species-specific, in-situ, simultaneous measurement of the effective diffusion coefficient for a CO2-N2O gas mixture in the transition gas regime. The experimental results are compared against direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations and the Bosanquet approximation showing a deviation that has not been reported in the literature before.
Travelling Solitary Wave Solutions to Non-Gaussian χ-Wick-Type Stochastic Burgers’ Equation with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Zakarya Mohammed , Al-Qarni Manal , Al-Qahtani Tahani
Published: November 2024

In this work, we obtain non-Gaussian (NG) stochastic solutions to χ-Wick-type stochastic (χ-Wk-TS) Burgers’ equations with variable coefficients. An Exp-function method, the connection between white noise theory and hypercomplex systems (HCSs), the χ-Wick product (χ-Wk-product) and an χ-Hermite transform (χ-Hr-transform) are proposed. We provide a new set of non-Gaussian solitary wave solutions (NG-SWSs) to Burgers’ equations with variable coefficients. NG white noise functional solutions (NG-WNFSs) to χ-Wk-TS Burgers’ equations with variable coefficients are shown. The symmetry coefficients of partial differential equations and the symmetrical properties of SPDEs are critical in determining the best solution.
Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Conservation: Assessing Supportive Policies in Resources-Based Cities in China
Authors: Liu Hewang , Li Xiuyu , Zheng Shilin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of comprehensive reforms on the economic development and environmental protection of resource-based cities in China within the context of the ‘National Sustainable Development Plan for Resource-based Cities (2013–2020)’. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that these reforms not only bolster economic stability but also significantly enhance urban ecological environment, resulting in a win–win outcome for economic prosperity and environmental preservation. Our analysis reveals that the reforms drive sustained economic growth and ecological enhancement by downsizing industries, adopting green technologies, and optimizing industrial composition. Moreover, we identify that these impacts are more pronounced in mature and declining cities and in regions with robust official promotion strategies and stringent environmental regulations. These findings provide valuable insights for addressing the “resource curse” within social systems and for formulating policies that balance stable economic growth and environmental protection in resource-based cities.
Global Trends and Hotspots in Non-Targeted Screening of Water Pollution Research: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Authors: Wu Yitian , Shi Yewen , Gu Tianmin , Du Xiushuai , Du Zhiyuan , Zhang Chi , Sun Ke , Zhang Yue , Guo Xiaojing , Wang Shenghan , Zheng Weiwei , He Yi , Liu Wei
Published: November 2024

Non-targeted screening (NTS) technology has been showing significant potential in identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water and has attracted great attention in academia in recent years. It is a method that analyzes samples without pre-selecting substances, enabling the detection and identification of unknown compounds, which is crucial for environmental health and public protection. This study uses the Bibliometrix package in R 4.4.1 and CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software to statistically analyze 589 relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2007 to 2024. Our work concentrates on NTS of water bodies; thus, articles that only analyze water sediments without analyzing the water were not considered for inclusion. By conducting a quantitative analysis and visualizing the publication trends, countries, authors, journals, and keywords, the present study identifies research hotspots, compositions, and paradigms within this field, trying to analyze the horizontal and vertical development trends and structural evolution of the research area. The research found that the application of NTS in water pollution studies has progressed through three phases: theoretical exploration, rapid development, and steady progress. From the national level, China leads with the highest number of publications (131), followed by Germany (105), Spain (50), and the United States (39). The top three authors by publication volume are J. Hollender, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, and Emma L. Schymanski, while the top three by citation count are J. Hollender, Emma L. Schymanski, and M. Krauss. However, international collaboration between countries and researchers still remains an area for improvement. Science of the Total Environment is the journal with the highest number of publications (81), and Environmental Science & Technology holds the highest number of citations. Research on NTS methodologies, suspect screening, and health risk assessments are hot topics in the academic community. Future research is expected to be multidisciplinary, with emerging hotspots likely to focus on including the identification of novel pollutants through NTS, toxicity assessments of biotransformed compounds, and the health impacts and mechanisms of related compounds.
Functional Characterization and Toxicological Study of Cordyceps militaris in Weaned Pigs
Authors: Li Yanping , Lu Yang , Yu Bing , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: November 2024

Cordyceps militaris (CM), a well-known parasitic fungus that grows on the larvae of Lepidoptera, has a variety of pharmacological activities. However, little is known about its safe dosage for animals, including pigs. To explore its effect on intestinal health and evaluate its safe dosage, 30 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to five groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with different doses of CM for 42 days. The results showed that CM supplementation at 100 mg/kg increased the average daily weight gain (ADG) and significantly decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain (F:G) in the weaned pigs (p < 0.05). However, CM supplementation at a higher dose (1000 to 4000 mg/kg) had no effect on growth performance. CM supplementation at 100 mg/kg also increased the digestibility of gross energy and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in the duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). Moreover, CM supplementation at 100 mg/kg increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), but decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum (p < 0.05). Importantly, histopathological studies of tissues (e.g., heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, pancreas, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, stomach, and small intestine), organ indexes, major hematological parameters, and serum biochemical parameters were not affected upon CM supplementation. These results suggest that CM may have the potential to act as a safe and effective supplement to improve the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs.
Assessing Urban Land Parcel Dynamics Driven by Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as an Exclusive Transit Route
Authors: Mehmood Rana Tahir , Shah Muhammad Zaly , Moeinaddini Mehdi , Arif Muhammad Mashhood , Chuhdary Ramine , Tahira Mufeeza
Published: November 2024

The addition of transit routes transforms urban development by disrupting the existing equilibrium that land parcels have achieved over time and promotes revitalization. It is based on the relationships between land parcel variables and transit route characteristics, including feeder routes and road infrastructure. Traditional parametric methods for explaining this relationship have problems with multicollinearity and generalizability while non-parametric methods are not used with the multiple variables of both transit route and land parcel changes over time. This study applies the C5.0 decision tree algorithm, a non-parametric model that creates a decision tree with leaf nodes that predict the relationship. Using the BRT Lahore case study, the time series data of parcel variables in the 2 km circle of five transit stations before BRT 2010 and after BRT 2018, as well as transit route characteristics including feeder routes and road infrastructure, were collected and analyzed. The model identified eight important predictors and explained the relationship in the form of a flowchart. Property condition emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by property value, parking, population density, land use, building height, access routes, and distance from transit stations, in that order. The results show that well-developed transport infrastructure, parking spaces, and feeder routes enable sustainable urban transformation.
Echocardiographic Changes in Dogs with Stage B2 Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Treated with Pimobendan Monotherapy
Authors: Crosland Andrew , Cortes-Sanchez Pablo Manuel , Sudunagunta Siddharth , Bouvard Jonathan , Bode Elizabeth , Culshaw Geoff , Dukes-McEwan Joanna
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic pimobendan monotherapy on cardiac size in dogs with stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Data from 31 dogs diagnosed with MMVD and cardiomegaly (LA/Ao ≥ 1.6 and LVIDdn ≥ 1.7) were included. The intervention group were dogs treated with pimobendan (n = 24). Dogs not receiving any cardiac medication were controls (n = 7). Echocardiographic changes in left atrial and left ventricular dimensions were compared over time. There was significant group × time interaction for LVIDdN (p = 0.011) between diagnosis and initial follow-up (median 3–6 months). There was a significant reduction in LVIDdN over time in the pimobendan group (p = 0.038) but not in the control group (p = 0.216). There was no significant group × time interaction for LA/Ao, and there was no effect of group (p = 0.561), but LA/Ao in both groups decreased over time (p = 0.01). Restraint is advised when prescribing pimobendan based on the detection of a heart murmur where echocardiographic staging is an option. Some stage B2 dogs that received pimobendan no longer met the echocardiographic classification criteria for stage B2 MMVD and could have been misclassified as stage B1 and had their medication inappropriately withdrawn. We suggest these dogs are referred to as reverse remodelled stage B2.
Prevalence, Distribution and Risk Factors for Trematode Infections in Domesticated Ruminants in the Lake Victoria and Southern Highland Ecological Zones of Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Materu Godlisten Shedrack , Nzalawahe Jahashi , Sengupta Mita Eva , Stensgaard Anna-Sofie , Katakweba Abdul , Vennervald Birgitte J. , Kinung’hi Safari
Published: November 2024

Trematode infections cause long-term suffering and debilitation, posing a significant threat to global animal health and production and leading to considerable economic losses. Studies on the epidemiology and control of these infections in Tanzania are limited. The few available studies have been conducted in abattoir settings. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by determining the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors for trematode infections in domesticated ruminants in two different ecological zones of Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lake Victoria and the Southern highlands ecological zones of Tanzania. Rectal fecal samples were collected and examined for F. gigantica, Paramphistomidae, and S. bovis infections using the sedimentation technique. A total of 1367 domesticated ruminants were sampled and examined for trematode infections. The overall prevalence of trematode infections was found to be 65.7%. The individual prevalence of F. gigantica, Paramphistomidae, and S. bovis (based on egg morphology only) was 35.1%, 60.2%, and 3.1%, respectively. Adult cattle were more likely to be infected with Paramphistomidae (adjusted odds ratio, (AOR): 1.98; 95% confidence interval, (CI): 1.40–2.78) and S. bovis (AOR: 8.5; 95% CI: 1.12–64.19) than weaners. It was observed that trematode infections in domesticated ruminants are prevalent in the two ecological zones of Tanzania; therefore, effective and community-directed prevention and control strategies are highly needed to address trematode infections of domesticated ruminants in these areas.
The use of interference currents, magnetic stimulation, therapeutic massage, robotic biofeedback mechanotherapy and sodium chloride baths in patients with gonarthrosis
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Kulchitskaya D.B. , Fesyun A.D. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Konchugova T.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Sevryugina O.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Marfina T.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Gushchina N.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, Apkhanova T.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Purpose of the study: Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is the most common form of osteoarthritis. To date, preformations of physical factors such as ultrasound, laser therapy, electrotherapy, shock wave therapy are widely used for the rehabilitation of
this category of patients. The aim was to study the clinical effectiveness of the integrated use of interference currents, magnetic
stimulation, therapeutic massage, robotic biofeedback mechanotherapy and sodium chloride baths in patients with gonarthrosis.
Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with gonarthrosis II‑III, who were divided into two groups. Group 1
patients (30 people) received interference currents, magnetic stimulation, therapeutic massage, robotic biofeedback mechanotherapy and sodium chloride baths. Patients of group 2 (30 people) received the above complex without interference currents.
Results. After the course intervention, the overall effectiveness averaged 91 % and 79 %, respectively, for the groups. A greater
number of cases with significant improvement and improvement were found in patients of group 1. In these subjects, a marked
improvement in arteriole tone was found, which contributed to the elimination of venous congestion.
Conclusion. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the proposed complex is highly effective pathogenetically justified and it is advisable to use it in patients with GA.
Effectiveness of laser therapy in correcting neurohormonal disorders in patients with true eczema
Authors:   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Dontsova E.V. , Novikova L.A. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Ivanova I.I. ,   Central state medical academy of department of presidential affairs, Dontsov V.G. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Chernov A.V. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Saurina O.S. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Borzunova L.N. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Bakhmetiev A.A. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia, Bykova Yu.N. ,   Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: November 2024

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of treatment of patients with eczema by correcting neurohormonal disorders using laser therapy.
Material and methods. In two groups of patients (33 people each), the effectiveness of standard drug therapy (St) and a course of 20 sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) in combination with St was evaluated.
The results. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. It was found that patients with eczema have lower levels of ACTH and cortisol (1.48 and 1.63 times, respectively), β-endorphin (1.92 times), and higher levels of personal anxiety (LT) — 2.1 times and reactive anxiety (RT) — 2.22 times. During St, there was no effective correction of the identified neurohormonal disorders. In the group ILBI+St the plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol increased by 1.2 and 1.17 times, respectively, the level of β-endorphin increased
by 1.51 times, there was a decrease in patients’ anxiety (LT — by 1.6 times and RT — by 1.5 times). In the ILBI+St group, there was a more pronounced positive dynamics of clinical manifestations of dermatosis and a higher quality of life (QOL) of patients compared with the group of St.
Conclusion. In patients with eczema, signs of the adrenal cortex function suppression due to chronic stress and impaired production of endogenous endorphins are determined, resulting in increased anxiety of patients and a decrease in their QOL. The additional use of the ILBI course is more effective than St, corrects disorders of the functioning of the hormonal axis «pituitary — adrenal glands», deficiency of beta-endorphin production, personal and reactive anxiety, which contributes to improving the QOL and significantly reducing the severity of clinical manifestations of dermatosis.
Epidemiologic characterization of arterial hypertension cases in children living in the monsoon climate of Primorsky Krai
Authors:   JSC «Medsi Group of Companies», Moscow, Russia, Ryzhenenkova I.N. , Koneva E.S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Zakharov S.N. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Zhumanova E.N. ,   JSC «Medsi Group of Companies», Moscow, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of Medicine» of the Ministry of Healthcare, Pesotskaya A.A. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2024

Objective of the study: Currently, arterial hypertension in children is becoming increasingly common. Analysis of the characteristics of arterial hypertension depending on the season and climatic conditions is of great scientific interest. Objective of the study: to provide an epidemiological characteristic of cases
of arterial hypertension in children living in the monsoon climate of Primorye
Material and methods. The article provides an epidemiological characteristic of cases of arterial hypertension in children permanently residing in the monsoon climate of Primorye.
Results. In our study, children with arterial hypertension in the monsoon climate of Primorye show significant and persistent changes in their psychological
status, their adaptive capacity is reduced, both to social and physical factors; significant changes in autonomic homeostasis are also noted.
Conclusion. At present, it is necessary to continue studying the characteristics of the course of arterial hypertension in children permanently residing in the
monsoon climate of Primorye, in order to develop effective strategies for the treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of this condition in this group of people, due to the fact that there are scientifically substantiated data on the use of various physical factors for the prevention of weather-dependent reactions and the treatment of arterial hypertension.
Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of motor disorders in diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Styazhkina E.M. , Otvetchikova D.I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Marchenkova L.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2024

Modern rehabilitation is constantly evolving, the latest methods of recovery and maintenance of patients are emerging, giving maximum efficiency at relatively low economic costs. Virtual reality is a powerful and proven effective tool for modern rehabilitation of patients with various pathologies compared to standard physical therapy. The immersive environment created by the program is able to simulate the
necessary conditions for the formation of the correct movement pattern, keeping the patient’s attention, keeping him interested in further classes, and motivating him to achieve better results. Also, by influencing the emotional sphere and the full involvement of the patient in the process,
the positive effect of such activities on the intensity of pain was noted. Published works describing the high effectiveness of the virtual reality method during the rehabilitation of neurological patients, patients with injuries and diseases.
АНАЛИЗ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ И ФИЛОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В ЯРОСЛАВСКОЙ ПОРОДЕ, ОСНОВАННЫЙ НА ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ МИКРОСАТЕЛЛИТНЫХ МАРКЕРОВ
Authors: А.В. ИЛЬИНА , Е.Г. ЕВДОКИМОВ , М.В. АБРАМОВА , А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ
Published: November 2024

Приведены результаты по идентификации популяции крупного рогатого скота ярославской породы в Ярославской области с помощью микросателлитных маркеров. Дана оценка генетической структуры популяции, генетического разнообразия и рассмотрены перспективы их использования для улучшения породы. Материалом для оценки генетической структуры послужили образцы крови крупного рогатого скота ярославской породы 6 племенных хозяйств. Выявлена высокая доля общего генетического разнообразия между всеми исследуемыми выборками популяций (FST=0,004—0,074). Филогенетический анализ выявил 2 кластера с высокой генетической однородностью между большинством выборок животных. К 1-му кластеру отнесены 5 стад (A, B, C, D, F), ко 2-му — 1 стадо (E). Кластеризация структуры совокупной выборки также определила 2 кластера с высоким потоком аллелей между популяциями, что подтверждается оценкой сети направленных миграционных путей с помощью критерия эффективного числа мигрантов на поколение. Значительные перемещения на основе модели отмечены между выборками из хозяйств (Pm≥0,47) A, B, F и D, а для выборок из хозяйств C и E отмечена низкая миграционная активность (Pm≤0,31) по отношению к другим выборкам. Данные исследования могут быть использованы при разработке системы по сохранению и рациональному использованию генофонда крупного рогатого скота.

The paper presents the results of identifying the population of Yaroslavl cattle in the Yaroslavl region using microsatellite markers. An assessment of the genetic structure of the population, genetic diversity and prospects for their use to improve the breed is presented. Blood samples of Yaroslavl cattle from six breeding farms served as the material for assessing the genetic structure. A high proportion of the total genetic diversity was revealed between all the studied samples of different populations (FST=0.004—0.074). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters with high genetic similarity between most of the herds. Five herds (A, B, C, D, F) were assigned to the first cluster, and one herd (E) to the second. Clustering of the aggregate sample structure also identified two clusters with a high flow of alleles between populations, which is confirmed by evaluating the network of directed migration routes using the criterion of the effective number of migrants per generation. Significant movements based on the model were noted between four samples from farms (Pm≥0.47): A, B, F and D, and for samples from farms C and E, low migration activity was noted (Pm≤0.31) relative to other samples. These studies can be used in the development of a system for the preservation of the gene pool of cattle. In particular, for further measures to work with the Yaroslavl breed in the Yaroslavl region, we recommend using the animals of their two herds, since they differ most from all others in terms of genetic characteristics.
Rentabilidad y sostenibilidad empresarial de las microempresas pesqueras ante el derrame petrolero en el distrito de Ventanilla, Callao 2022
Authors: Gallegos Montalvo Hugo Emilio , Peñares Dolorier Juan Edilberto , Julca García Paola Corina , Armijo García Víctor Hugo Armijo García , Rodríguez Ramírez María Isabel
Published: November 2024

Este estudio analiza la relación entre la rentabilidad y la sostenibilidad empresarial de las microempresas pesqueras afectadas por el derrame de petróleo en el distrito de Ventanilla, Callao, en 2022. El objetivo es evaluar el impacto de este desastre en las actividades económicas de los pescadores locales y la sostenibilidad de sus negocios. Se empleó un enfoque de investigación aplicada con un diseño transeccional correlacional causal. Se analizaron dos momentos: antes y después de las capacitaciones ofrecidas a los pescadores. Los resultados indican que el derrame ha afectado significativamente la rentabilidad de las microempresas pesqueras, disminuyendo sus ingresos y dificultando la sostenibilidad empresarial. Se concluye que las capacitaciones contribuyeron a mejorar sostenibilidad parcialmente de las la empresas, aunque se requiere mayor apoyo para la recuperación económica y social a largo plazo.
Percepciones de los profesionales sobre la ética gerencial en hospitales de Ecuador y Perú
Authors: Domínguez Rodríguez Nancy Margarita , Mite Cárdenas Gladys Vanessa , Barreto Espinoza Marilú Elena
Published: November 2024

Los gerentes en las instituciones de salud enfrentan varios desafíos éticos que pueden comprometer, tanto la calidad del servicio como el bienestar de los empleados y pacientes, por lo que este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de los trabajadores sobre la ética en la gerencia de hospitales privados de Ecuador y Perú. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto y un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 250 empleados a quienes se les aplicaron dos cuestionarios. Los resultados de la evaluación de ética en la gerencia hospitalaria muestran que, en Perú, más del 80% de los encuestados tiene una percepción positiva sobre principios como beneficencia, honestidad y confidencialidad, destacándose esta última con un 90%. En Ecuador, la percepción es más baja, especialmente en términos de ausencia de prejuicios y solidaridad. Ambos países enfrentan desafíos éticos en autonomía y justicia. Las diferencias entre ambos pueden estar influenciadas por factores como la formación ética y las políticas institucionales, lo que resalta, en conclusión, la necesidad de fortalecer la ética gerencial, lo que mejorará la atención al paciente y contribuirá a un ambiente laboral más positivo y comprometido, elementos esenciales en el manejo de instituciones de salud.
The relationship between physical activity and Body Mass Index among medical students
Authors: Pearlie Michelle Maydelaine , Lubis Yolanda Eliza Putri , Delfian Taufik
Published: November 2024

Preserving one's physical health and preventing diseases is of utmost importance, and leading a healthy lifestyle is essential. The absence of physical activity has been identified as a significant risk factor for obesity and chronic illnesses.This study aimed to establish an intricate relationship between physical activity level and Body Mass Index (BMI) among medical students. This analytical study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from October to December 2023. A total of 144 medical students enrolled at Universitas Prima, Indonesia participated in this study. Physical activity data were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), whereas BMI was measured using the standard method of dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m²). Data analysis was performed using a One-Way ANOVA statistical test. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between physical activity levels and BMI. Students in the light activity group had an average BMI of 28.57 kg/m², compared to 23.27 kg/m² for the moderate activity group and 21.66 kg/m² for the vigorous activity group. This indicates that physical activity plays a crucial role in determining BMI, with moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities associated with ideal BMI ranges. This study underscores the importance of physical activity in maintaining healthy weight and reducing the risk of obesity and associated chronic diseases. Promoting physical activity among university students can be an effective strategy for promoting their overall well-being.
Regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system and its relative pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shateri Amiri Bahareh , Naserranjbar Mehrasa , Mirhaji AyAna , Hejrati Alireza , Hejrati Lina , Aliabadi Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer, which results from the uncontrolled growth of pancreatic cells, is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. About 90% of instances of pancreatic cancer are pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and occasionally "pancreatic cancer" is used exclusively to describe this subtype. Nab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and FOLFIRINOX are examples of modern chemotherapeutic drugs that have the ability to quickly confer resistance in pancreatic tumor cells. Therefore, in order to treat this dreadful condition, it is essential to develop more effective medicines. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) causes pancreatic cancer cells to die apoptotically. In eukaryotes, UPS is an essential mechanism for protein breakdown. Pancreatic cancer cells are more susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum stress (endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress) and apoptosis when treated with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor that is the first in this group of drugs approved for the treatment of cancer, especially multiple myeloma. Methods: Searching through PubMed and Google Scholar and gathering data. Results: UPS is still a popular target for pancreatic cancer treatment among researchers. However, despite the favorable results of UPS-based therapies in vitro and in vivo, the clinical results are not as promising as expected. Conclusion: A deep understanding of it, is essential to achieving the maximum results. In this review, we aim to look into the UPS along with searching for the novelist therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on manipulating it. Methods: searching through PubMed and Google Scholar and gathering data. Result: UPS is still a popular target for pancreatic cancer treatment among researchers. However, despite the favorable results of UPS-based therapies in vitro and in vivo, the clinical results are not as promising as expected. Conclusion: A deep understanding of it is essential to achieving the maximum results. In this review, we aim to look into the UPS along with searching for the novelest therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on manipulating it.
Drug self-delivery systems: A comprehensive review on small molecule nanodrugs
Authors: Sayed Tabatabaei Mahsa , Sayed Tabatabaei Fakhredin A. , Moghimi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2024

Drug self-delivery systems are nanostructures composed of a drug as the main structural unit, having the ability of intracellular trafficking with no additional carrier. In these systems, the drug itself undertakes the functional and structural roles; thereby, the ancillary role of excipients and carrier-related limitations are circumvented and therapeutic effect is achieved at a much lower dose. Such advantages –which are mainly but not exclusively beneficial in cancer treatment– have recently led to an upsurge of research on these systems. Subsequently, various terminologies were utilized to describe them, referring to the same concept with different words. However, not all the systems developed based on the self-delivery approach are introduced using one of these keywords. Using a scoping strategy, this review aims to encompass the systems that have been developed as yet –inspired by the concept of self-delivery– and classify them in a coherent taxonomy. Two main groups are introduced based on the type of building blocks: small molecule-based nanomedicines and self-assembling hybrid prodrugs. Due to the diversity, covering the whole gamut of topics is beyond the scope of a single article, and, inevitably, the latter is just briefly introduced here, whereas the features of the former group are meticulously presented. Depending on whether the drug is merely a carrier for itself or carries a second drug as cargo, two classes of small molecule-based nanomedicines are defined (i.e., pure nanodrugs and carrier-mimicking systems, respectively), each having sub-branches. After introducing each branch and giving some examples, possible strategies for designing each particular system are visually displayed. The resultant mind map can create a macro view of the taken path and its prospects, give a profound insight into opportunities, spark new ideas, and facilitate overcoming obstacles. Taken together, one can foresee a brilliant future for self-delivery systems as a pioneering candidate for the next generation of drug delivery systems.
Investigating the function and targeting of MET protein as an oncogene kinase in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A microarray data integration
Authors: Askari Nahid , Hadizadeh Morteza , Sina Mohammad , Parvizpour Sepideh , Mousavi Seyedeh Zahra , Shamsir Mohd Shahir
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis. Kinase proteins are essential regulators of cellular processes and potential targets for drug development. Methods: Integration of multiple microarray datasets was screened to find differentially expressed kinases (DE-Kinases) across adjacent normal and tumor tissue samples in PDAC. The most effective kinase for drug design and docking in this study was selected by investigating biological mechanisms and survival analyses. Forty phytochemicals were extracted from the yellow sweet clover, Melilotus officinalis (Linn.) Pall, and were then subjected to in silico screening and molecular docking studies against a specific potent kinase. Results: MET, PAK3, and PDK4 were identified as the DE-Kinases. After examining the pathways and biological processes, up-regulated MET had the most significant survival analysis and became our primary kinase for drug design and docking in this study. Four of the extracted phytocompounds of Melilotus officinalis (Linn.) Pall that exhibited high binding affinities with MET and were selected for toxicity analysis. Finally, the stability and mobility of the two nontoxic compounds that passed the toxicity test (dicumarol PubChem CID: 54676038 and melilotigenin PubChem CID: 14059499) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Conclusion: This study's results identified two phytochemicals in yellow sweet clover that could be used to develop an anticancer drug, but experimental evaluation is necessary to confirm their efficacy.
Unlocking the potential of lumateperone and novel anti-psychotics for schizophrenia
Authors: Ahmad S Rehan , Zeyaullah Md , AlShahrani Abdullah M. , Khan Mohammad Suhail , Dawria Adam , Mohieldin Ali , Ali Haroon , Altijani Abdelrhman AG , Alam Mohammad Shane , Mehdi Munzila , Akram Sabika , Hussain Ejaz Rizvi , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a devastating chronic mental health illness which includes a complex set of symptoms like hallucination, illusion and delusion, and to manage, lifelong antipsychotic medications are needed. Schizophrenia affects 1% of the population worldwide, and to date, two different classes of antipsychotics, i.e., typical and atypical antipsychotics, are available in the market, and there is an urgent need for promising antipsychotic drugs. In this review, we focus on recently approved antipsychotics and then focus on different antipsychotic drugs under clinical trials. In this review, we first focus on lumateperone in detail, which was approved in December 2019 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and simultaneously modulates serotonin, glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitters and is used at doses of 10.5-, 21- and 42 mg, which show mild adverse effects like constipation, sedation, somnolence and fatigue. This review also focuses on a few more emerging antipsychotics like brexpiprazole, brilaroxazine, roluperidone, F17464, pimavanserin (ACP-103), xanomeline, BI 409306, BI 425809 and MK-8189 which are under different phase of clinical trials and might get approved soon. Brexpiprazole and brilaroxazine act on dopamine receptors, whereas xanomeline, pimavanserin and roluperidone do not act on D2 receptors and manage the symptoms. All the antipsychotic drugs covered did not show any other severe adverse effects except gastrointestinal issues and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, still rigorous clinical trials and modifications are needed to manage adverse effects, and we can expect a few antipsychotics to be on the market soon.
Protective effects of sumatriptan against optic nerve injury in rats via modulation of kynurenine pathway, oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Ala Moein , Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Aghajanpour Leila , Sanatkar Mehdi , Aghsaei Fard Masoud , Goudarzi Sepideh , Shadboorestan Amir , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an acute visual dysfunction subsequent to head and neck trauma. Despite immense efforts, there is no effective treatment to minimize the damage caused by TON. Due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, we aimed to measure the effect of sumatriptan on optic nerve injury in rats. Methods: Bulldog forceps were used to induce optic nerve crush. Immediately after trauma, a single dose of sumatriptan was intravitreally injected and rats were just observed for 1 week. Visual evoked potential (VEP) was recorded to assess optic nerve function on days 2, 5, and 7 after optic nerve injury. Retinas were extracted seven days after trauma to assess molecular and microscopic changes. Results: Crushing force reduced cell survival, decreased the amplitude of the waves, and prolonged their latency in VEP. In contrast, sumatriptan significantly increased cell survival and shortened the latency of P2 and N2 waves. Likewise, sumatriptan significantly decreased the tissue levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), malondialdehyde (MDA), indole-amine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (INF-γ), and kynurenine in the retinas of rats. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sumatriptan can enhance retinal cell viability, improve optic nerve function, and decrease inflammation, possibly through attenuation of TLR4, ERK, and kynurenine signaling pathways. Thus, future clinical trials should assess the efficacy of low-dose intravitreal sumatriptan for patients with TON.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of C1orf174 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nazari Elham , Khalili-Tanha Ghazaleh , Pourali Ghazaleh , Khojasteh-Leylakoohi Fatemeh , Azari Hanieh , Dashtiahangar Mohammad , Fiuji Hamid , Yousefli Zahra , Asadnia Alireza , Maftooh Mina , Akbarzade Hamed , Nassiri Mohammadreza , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A , Peters Godefridus J , Giovannetti Elisa , Batra Jyotsna , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the lethal cancers, indicating the need for the identification of novel biomarkers for the detection of patients in earlier stages. RNA and microRNA sequencing were analyzed using bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by validation in CRC patients. Methods: The genome-wide RNA sequencing of 631 samples, comprising 398 patients and 233 normal cases was extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The DEGs were identified using DESeq package in R. Survival analysis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis to identify prognostic biomarkers. Predictive biomarkers were determined by machine learning algorithms such as Deep learning, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. The biological pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI), the co-expression of DEGs, and the correlation between DEGs and clinical data were evaluated. Additionally, the diagnostic markers were assessed with a combioROC package. Finally, the candidate tope score gene was validated by Real-time PCR in CRC patients. Results: The survival analysis revealed five novel prognostic genes, including KCNK13, C1orf174, CLEC18A, SRRM5, and GPR89A. Thirty-nine upregulated, 40 downregulated genes, and 20 miRNAs were detected by SVM with high accuracy and AUC. The upregulation of KRT20 and FAM118A genes and the downregulation of LRAT and PROZ genes had the highest coefficient in the advanced stage. Furthermore, our findings showed that three miRNAs (mir-19b-1, mir-326, and mir-330) upregulated in the advanced stage. C1orf174, as a novel gene, was validated using RT-PCR in CRC patients. The combineROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of C1orf174-AKAP4-DIRC1-SKIL-Scan29A4 can be considered as diagnostic markers with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 0.90, 0.94, and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms can be used to Identify key dysregulated genes/miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, leading to the detection of patients in earlier stages. Our data also demonstrated the prognostic value of C1orf174 in colorectal cancer.
The synergistic impact of sleep duration and obesity on metabolic syndrome risk: exploring the role of microRNAs
Authors: Ansarin Atefeh , Shanehbandi Dariush , Zarredar Habib , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Gilani Neda , Ansarin Khalil
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Given the well-established association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity, this study elucidates the influences of sleep duration and weight on MetS risk and explores the potential role of miRNAs as underlying mechanisms. Methods: According to sleep logs and biochemistry tests, this study investigated the association between MetS and its components, sleep duration, and weight in four subgroups: A: normal sleepers with normal weight (N = 145), B: normal sleepers with obesity (N = 140), C: short sleepers with normal weight (N = 130), and D: short sleepers with obesity (N = 142). Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Furthermore, following total RNA isolation by TRIzol from blood samples, cDNA was synthesized using stem-loop technique. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then employed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-33a, miR-378a, miR-132-3p, and miR-181d. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Our findings revealed the strongest association between MetS prevalence and individuals in group D (short sleepers with obesity; Cramer's V = 0.649, P < 0.001). This observation underscores the synergistic effect of short sleep and obesity on MetS risk. Furthermore, there was an independent association between short sleep duration and elevated triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). MicroRNA expression analysis revealed downregulation of miR-33a and miR-181d in B, C, and D groups compared to the normal group. Conversely, miR-132-3p expression was upregulated in the B, C, and D groups. Conclusion: Short sleep and obesity synergistically elevate MetS risk, potentially via miR-33a and miR-181d downregulation and miR-132-3p upregulation, impacting triglyceride metabolism.
Radiological tips on safe tract selection in computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy: single-center results
Authors: Koca Hanifi , Özgökçe Mesut , Akıncı Muhammed Bilal , Durmaz Fatma , Ayyıldız Veysel Atilla , Özkaçmaz Sercan , Göya Cemil
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The vast majority of lung masses are malignant. Benign lung masses include granulomatous inflammation and pneumonia consolidations. Malignant lung masses include lung cancers, lymphoma, and thymic neoplasms. Differentiating benign-malignant lung masses and treatment planning are essential for the prognosis of patients. Computed tomography (CT) guided transthoracic lung biopsy is a reliable diagnostic method with high accuracy and relatively few complications when an appropriate trace is selected. In this study, we aimed to present our experience and the results of lung mass cases that we biopsied with the guidance of CT. Methods: A total of 57 patients who were referred to us for clinicoradiological transthoracic biopsy (TTB) were studied with CT-guided histopathological sampling. The study did not include patients with no pathology results and ultrasound-guided biopsy. Results: A total of 57 patients, 42 male (73.6%) and 15 female (26.4%) with a mean age of 59.05±17.04 (1-85), were evaluated. Thirteen of the lesions were reported as benign (22.8%), and 44 as malignant (77.2%). Conclusion: When an appropriate trace is selected, CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy is a reliable diagnostic method with high accuracy and relatively few complications.