bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fetal protection in heifers vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2a and exposed during gestation to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b
Authors: Leyh Randy D. , Fulton Robert W. , Stegner Jacob E. , Goodyear Mark D. , Witte Steven B. , Taylor Lucas P. , Johnson Bill J. , Step Douglas L. , Ridpath Julia F. , Holland Ben P.
Published: March 2011

Objective—To determine efficacy of a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 2a against fetal infection in heifers exposed to cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV subtype 1 b.

Animals—50 heifers and their fetuses.

Procedures—Susceptible heifers received a placebo vaccine administered IM or a vaccine containing MLV strains of BVDV1a and BVDV2a administered IM or SC. On day 124 (64 to 89 days of gestation), 50 pregnant heifers (20 vaccinated SC, 20 vaccinated IM, and 10 control heifers) were challenge exposed to 8 PI cattle. On days 207 to 209, fetuses were recovered from heifers and used for testing.

Results—2 control heifers aborted following challenge exposure; both fetuses were unavailable for testing. Eleven fetuses (8 control heifers and 1 IM and 2 SC vaccinates) were positive for BVDV via virus isolation (VI) and for BVDV antigen via immunohistochemical analysis in multiple tissues. Two additional fetuses from IM vaccinates were considered exposed to BVDV (one was seropositive for BVDV and the second was positive via VI in fetal tissues). A third fetus in the SC vaccinates was positive for BVDV via VI from serum alone. Vaccination against BVDV provided fetal protection in IM vaccinated (17/20) and SC vaccinated (17/20) heifers, but all control heifers (10/10) were considered infected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—1 dose of a BVDV1a and 2a MLV vaccine administered SC or IM prior to breeding helped protect against fetal infection in pregnant heifers exposed to cattle PI with BVDV1b.
Rattlesnake envenomation in horses: 58 cases (1992–2009)
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Pusterla Nicola , Magdesian K. Gary , Higgins Jill C. , Meier Chloe A.
Published: March 2011

Objective—To characterize signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome in horses with rattlesnake envenomation in northern California.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—58 client-owned horses evaluated for rattlesnake envenomation at 2 referral hospitals from 1992 to 2009.

Procedures—Records of horses with rattlesnake envenomation were reviewed, and data concerning signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome were collected. In addition, a rattlesnake-bite severity score (RBSS) was assigned to each horse. Variables were compared between horses that survived and those that did not.

Results—The overall mortality rate was 9%. Nine horses received antivenin; no complications were reported and none of the 9 died. The most common laboratory findings associated with severity of envenomation were thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlactatemia, and a high RBSS.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most horses in this study had a good prognosis after being bitten by rattlesnakes. Laboratory and clinical examination findings may be useful for identifying horses with a poorer prognosis. Treatment with antivenin may be beneficial and warrants further evaluation.
Real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians whose normal Jacobi operator is of Codazzi type
Authors: Machado Carlos , Dios Pérez Juan , Jeong Imsoon , Suh Young
Published: March 2011

We prove the non-existence of real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians whose normal Jacobi operator is of Codazzi type.
30 mJ, TEM00, high repetition rate, mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser operating at 2940 nm
Authors: Skórczakowski M. , Pichola W. , Šwiderski J. , Nyga P. , Galecki L. , Maciejewska M. , Zając A. , Gross S. , Heinrich A. , Bragagna T. , Kasprzak J.
Published: March 2011

The 2940 nm Er:YAG laser Q-switched mechanically by means of a rotating mirror was developed. It generated the output pulses of up to 30 mJ energy, below 300 ns duration and record repetition rate of 25 Hz. The developed laser was effectively used for the investigation of laser beam interaction with selected organic matter simulants.
Morphological differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana (Jungermanniales, Hepaticae) in Poland
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2011

Morphological differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana (Jungermanniales, Hepaticae) in Poland

Morphological and anatomical characters and oil bodies were studied in 52 samples from Poland: 31 samples of typical Calypogeia muelleriana and 21 of a newly detected taxon with the use of isozyme markers. Plants of the new taxon morphologically resemble C. muelleriana, but differ from it significantly in 16 morphological traits as well as oil body characters. The greatest morphometric differences were found in the features connected with underleaves. The Mahalanobis distance based on the 47 quantitative traits, between the newly detected taxon and C. muelleriana was larger than that between C. muelleriana and C. azurea - a generally accepted species. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to five. A dendrogram constructed on the basis of the Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by genetic markers. Results of a multivariate analysis showed that five morphological traits are sufficient for a proper classification of plants to these two taxa.
Eosinophilic Granuloma in a Patient With Hip Pain
Authors: Hair Leslie C. , Deyle Gail
Published: March 2011

The patient was a 33-year-old man who was referred to a physical therapist following a right ankle sprain. While the patient reported decreased pain and improved function of his right ankle over the course of care, he complained of a new insidious onset of right anterior hip pain. Radiographs of the hip were negative. The patient was treated by the physical therapist 4 times over the next month with manual therapy and therapeutic exercises, which resulted in moderate but temporary relief. Given the lack of response to conservative management and the poor sensitivity of conventional radiographs for early stage pathology, the physical therapist ordered a bone scan, which revealed increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the lesser trochanteric region of the hip. A computed axial tomography scan revealed a lytic lesion in the proximal right medial femur corresponding to the area of increased uptake on the bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an intramedullary lesion of the proximal femur. Following a needle biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic granuloma. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(2):119. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0404
The Short-Term Effects of Treating Plantar Fasciitis With a Temporary Custom Foot Orthosis and Stretching
Authors: Drake Michelle , Bittenbender Caryn , Boyles Robert E.
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Prospective single-group cohort study.

Objective

To identify the effectiveness of a temporary custom foot orthosis (TCFO), followed by a stretching program, for the treatment of plantar fasciitis (PF).

Background

PF, a common cause of heel pain, often leads to disability. Optimal treatment for this often challenging clinical condition is still unknown.

Methods

Fifteen individuals with PF were recruited from the general public. All participants received a TCFO and were instructed to wear it for 2 weeks while weight bearing. Following the initial 2 weeks, participants were weaned off of the TCFO and instructed to begin a daily stretching program. Follow-up appointments occurred at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures included first-step heel pain via numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure activities of daily living subscale (FAAM-A), and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale (FAAM-S). Secondary outcome included the global rating of change (GRC) score.

Results

Individuals with a primary complaint of plantar foot pain entered and completed this study. Repeated-measures ANOVAs for the NPRS, FAAM-A, and FAAM-S showed statistically significant changes (P<.001). Post hoc analysis using paired t tests demonstrated statistically and clinically significant change at all follow-up times, compared to the initial intervention (P<.001). Mean GRC scores at 2, 4, and 12 weeks were 4.4, 4.5, and 4.2, respectively.

Conclusion

In treating PF, a TCFO used for 2 weeks, followed by a stretching program, provided preliminary evidence that first-step heel pain and foot and ankle function improve in the short term and up to 12 weeks.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):221–231, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3348
Behavior of the Lumbar Multifidus During Lower Extremity Movements in People with Recurrent Low Back Pain During Symptom Remission
Authors: Macdonald David A. , Dawson Anna P. , Hodges Paul W.
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Cross-sectional design.

Objectives

To investigate lumbar multifidus (LM) thickness differences, using ultrasound imaging in people during remission from recurrent low back pain (LBP) and healthy participants, during the following lower extremity movements: (1) active straight leg raise (ASLR), (2) crook-lying active leg raise (CLR), and (3) prone straight leg raise (PSLR).

Background

ASLR, CLR, and PSLR are used clinically to challenge the ability of the trunk muscles to control spinal motion in people with LBP, and it is believed that decreased LM activity is related to altered spinal control in this population. However, it is unclear whether LM behavior differs between healthy individuals and people with recurrent LBP during symptom remission in such tasks.

Methods

The present study used ultrasound imaging to measure LM percentage thickness change parasagitally at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels in people with recurrent LBP during symptom remission and in healthy participants, during the ASLR, CLR, and PSLR tasks.

Results

LM percentage thickness change was greater in the recurrent LBP group than in healthy participants during the PSLR task (P<.01) and greater in both groups during the PSLR than the ASLR and CLR tasks (P<.01). LM percentage thickness change was greatest at L4-5 in both groups (P<.01) and during all tasks (P≤.02). No difference was found in LM percentage thickness change between groups in either the ASLR (P = .70)or CLR(P = .69)task.

Conclusions

These data suggest that, during symptom remission, individuals with recurrent LBP, compared to healthy individuals, may have greater activity in at least some parts of the LM. Further investigation is required to determine whether the LM percentage thickness change observed in this study may be explained by differential changes in deep and/or superficial fibers of LM activity. This observation may have implications for clinical practice, but requires further investigation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(3):155–164, Epub 4 January 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3410
Clinical Tests to Diagnose Lumbar Segmental Instability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah M. , Schneiders Anthony G. , Hendrick Paul A.
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Systematic literature review.

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests used to diagnose patients with structural lumbar segmental instability (LSI).

Background

Patients with structural LSI represent an important, identifiable subgrouping of individuals with low back pain. Numerous clinical tests have been proposed to diagnose structural LSI; however, data on the diagnostic accuracy of these tests have not yet been evaluated through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in 6 electronic databases for diagnostic accuracy studies, published between January 1950 and March 2010, that evaluated clinical tests against radiological diagnosis of structural LSI. The diagnostic accuracy of the clinical tests from the retrieved articles was independently evaluated, reviewed, and quality scored using the QUADAS tool.

Results

Four articles and a total of 11 clinical tests used in the diagnosis of structural LSI met the study inclusion criteria. The majority of tests had high specificity but low sensitivity, with positive likelihood ratios ranging from very small to moderate. QUADAS scores ranged from 16 to 25 out of a possible 26. The passive lumbar extension test was the most accurate clinical test, with high sensitivity (84%), specificity (90%), and a positive likelihood ratio of 8.8 (95% CI: 4.5, 17.3), indicating that this clinical test may be useful in the differential diagnosis of structural LSI.

Conclusion

This systematic review found that the majority of clinical tests routinely employed to diagnose structural LSI demonstrated only limited ability to do so. The results do, however, indicate that the passive lumbar extension test may be useful in orthopaedic clinical practice to diagnose structural LSI. Additional research is required to further validate its use for diagnosing structural LSI in all populations of those with low back pain.

Level of Evidence

Diagnosis, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(3):130–140, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3457
The Relationships Between Inter-recti Distance Measured by Ultrasound Imaging and Abdominal Muscle Function in Postpartum Women: A 6-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Liaw Lih-Jiun , Hsu Miao-Ju , Liao Chien-Fen , Liu Mei-Fang , Hsu Ar-Tyan
Published: March 2011

Study Design

A prospective longitudinal study.

Background

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as an increase in the inter-recti distance (IRD), or width of the linea alba. It is a common occurrence in women postpartum. Little information exists on the short- and long-term recovery of IRD and the relationship between changes in IRD and the functional performance of the abdominal muscles.

Objectives

To investigate the natural recovery of IRD and abdominal muscle strength and endurance in women between 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum, and to examine the relationship between IRD and abdominal muscle function.

Methods

Forty postpartum (25–37 years of age) and 20 age-matched, nulliparous females participated. IRD was measured at 4 locations (upper and lower margin of the umbilical ring, and 2.5 cm above and below the umbilical ring) with a 7.5-MHz linear ultrasound transducer. Trunk flexion and rotation strength and endurance were measured with manual muscle testing and curl-ups. Evaluation was conducted at 4 to 8 weeks and 6 to 8 months after childbirth in postpartum women, and only once for the nulliparous female controls.

Results

During follow-up, the IRD at 2.5 cm above the umbilical ring and at the upper margin of the umbilical ring decreased (P = .013 and P = .002, respectively). The strength and static endurance of the abdominal muscles improved over time (P<.05). A negative correlation between IRD and abdominal muscle function at 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum was found (r = 0.34 to 0.51; P<.05, except for trunk flexion strength at 6 months postpartum [P = .064]). In addition, IRD changes between 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum were correlated with improvement in trunk flexion strength (Spearman rho = 0.38, P = .040). At 6 months after childbirth, postpartum women had greater mean ± SD IRDs at all 4 locations (from cranial to caudal: 1.80 ± 0.72, 2.13 ± 0.65, 1.81 ± 0.62, and 1.16 ± 0.58 cm) than those of nulliparous females (0.85 ± 0.26, 0.99 ± 0.31, 0.65 ± 0.23, and 0.43 ± 0.17 cm) (all P<.001). All abdominal strength and endurance measurements were less than those of nulliparous females (all P<.001).

Conclusions

The IRD and abdominal muscle function of postpartum women improved but had not returned to normal values at 6 months after childbirth. Future research is essential to explore the need for intervention and, if needed, the effectiveness of specific intervention to reduce the size of IRD in postpartum women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(6):435–443, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3507
A Comparison of 3 Methodological Approaches to Defining Major Clinically Important Improvement of 4 Performance Measures in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wright Alexis A. , Cook Chad E. , Baxter G. David , Dockerty John D. , Abbott J. Haxby
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Objectives

To establish the major clinically important improvement (MCII) of the timed up-and-go test (TUG), 40-meter self-paced walk test (40-m SPWT), 30-second chair stand (30 CST), and a 20-cm step test in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing physiotherapy treatment. As a secondary aim, a comparison of methods was employed to evaluate the effect of method on the reported MCII.

Background

Minimal clinically important difference scores are commonly used by rehabilitation professionals to determine patient response following treatment. A gold standard for calculating MCII has yet to be determined, which has resulted in problems of interpretation due to varied results.

Methods

As part of a randomized controlled trial, 65 patients were randomized into a physiotherapy treatment group for hip OA, in which they completed 4 physical performance measures at baseline and 9 weeks. Upon completion of physiotherapy, patients assessed their response to treatment on a 15-point global rating of change scale (GRCS). MCII was estimated using 3 variations of an anchor-based method, based on the patient's opinion.

Results

A comparison of 3 methods resulted in the following change scores being best associated with our definition of MCII: a reduction equal to or greater than 0.8, 1.4, and 1.2 seconds for the TUG; an increase equal to or greater than 0.2, 0.3, and 0.2 m/s for the 40-m SPWT; an increase equal to or greater than 2.0, 2.6, and 2.1 repetitions for the 30 CST; an increase equal to or greater than 5.0, 12.8, and 16.4 steps for the 20-cm step test.

Conclusion

The variation in methods provided very different results. This illustrates the importance of comparing methodologies and reporting a range of values associated with the MCII, as such values vary, depending upon the methodology chosen. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(5):319–327, Epub 18 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3515
Using Outcome Measure Results to Facilitate Clinical Decisions the First Year After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kennedy Deborah M. , Stratford Paul W. , Robarts Susan , Gollish Jeffrey D.
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Variable-occasion, repeated-measures design.

Objectives

To model change in lower extremity functional status of patients 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA), using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and, secondarily, to provide clinicians with useful data to guide practice.

Background

Given the prevalence of THA and current resource pressures, standardized outcome measures play an important role in providing physical therapists with objective knowledge about postoperative recovery and prognosis.

Methods

Seventy-five patients, with a mean age of 61 years and a diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis, consented to participate in the study. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and at multiple time points for up to 65 weeks postoperatively. Recovery was modeled using a nonlinear robust regression analysis for clustered data. The predictive ability of age, body mass index, and preoperative score was explored.

Results

Gender-based recovery curves were generated to depict the rate and amount of change in LEFS scores and 6MWT distances over the first year. Preoperative baseline 6MWT distance was the only covariate predictive of postarthroplasty 6MWT distances for both males and females. None of the covariates examined were significantly associated with postarthroplasty LEFS scores.

Conclusion

Although there were variations in the recovery curves by measure, general patterns were noted. There was a rapid increase in both self-reported and physical performance measure scores for 12 to 15 weeks. Thereafter, we observed a slowing of recovery, with a plateau at 30 to 35 weeks for the 6MWT and later for the LEFS. These data can be used to make evidence-based decisions regarding prognosis and to guide the setting of measurable treatment goals.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):232–239, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3516
Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation Versus Cervical Spine Thrust Manipulation in Patients With Acute Neck Pain : A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Puentedura Emilio J. , Landers Merrill R. , Cleland Joshua A. , Mintken Paul , Huijbregts Peter , Fernandez-De-Las-Peñas Cesar
Published: March 2011

Study Design

Randomized clinical trial.

Objective

To determine if patients who met the clinical prediction rule (CPR) criteria for the success of thoracic spine thrust joint manipulation (TJM) for the treatment of neck pain would have a different outcome if they were treated with a cervical spine TJM.

Background

A CPR had been proposed to identify patients with neck pain who would likely respond favorably to thoracic spine TJM. Research on validation of that CPR had not been completed when this trial was initiated. In our clinical experience, though many patients with neck pain responded favorably to thoracic spine TJM, they often reported that their symptomatic cervical spine area had not been adequately addressed.

Methods

Twenty-four consecutive patients, who presented to physical therapy with a primary complaint of neck pain and met 4 out of 6 of the CPR criteria for thoracic TJM, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The thoracic group received thoracic TJM and a cervical range-of-motion (ROM) exercise for the first 2 sessions, followed by a standardized exercise program for an additional 3 sessions. The cervical group received cervical TJM and the same cervical ROM exercise for the first 2 sessions, and the same exercise program given to the thoracic group for the next 3 sessions. Outcome measures collected at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 months from start of treatment included the Neck Disability Index, numeric pain rating scale, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire.

Results

Patients who received cervical TJM demonstrated greater improvements in Neck Disability Index (P≤.001) and numeric pain rating scale (P≤.003) scores at all follow-up times. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale score at all follow-up times for the cervical group (P≤.004). The number needed to treat to avoid an unsuccessful overall outcome was 1.8 at 1 week, 1.6 at 4 weeks, and 1.6 at 6 months.

Conclusion

Patients with neck pain who met 4 of 6 of the CPR criteria for successful treatment of neck pain with a thoracic spine TJM demonstrated a more favorable response when the TJM was directed to the cervical spine rather than the thoracic spine. Patients receiving cervical TJM also demonstrated fewer transient side-effects.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):208–220, Epub 18 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3640
Creating Shared Instructional Products
Authors: Morris Anne K. , Hiebert James
Published: March 2011

To solve two enduring problems in education—unacceptably large variation in learning opportunities for students across classrooms and little continuing improvement in the quality of instruction—the authors propose a system that centers on the creation of shared instructional products that guide classroom teaching. By examining systems outside and inside education that build useful knowledge products for improving the performance of their members, the authors induce three features that support a work culture for creating such products: All members of the system share the same problems for which the products offer solutions; improvements to existing products are usually small and are assessed with just enough data; and the products are jointly constructed and continuously improved with contributions from everyone in the system.
Sexual Attraction, Depression, Self-Harm, Suicidality and Help-Seeking Behaviour in New Zealand Secondary School Students
Authors: Lucassen Mathijs F. G. , Merry Sally N. , Robinson Elizabeth M. , Denny Simon , Clark Terryann , Ameratunga Shanthi , Crengle Sue , Rossen Fiona V.
Published: March 2011

Objective: To describe the sexual attractions of New Zealand secondary school students and investigate the associations between sexual attraction and self-reported depression, self-harm, suicidality and help-seeking behaviour.

Method: Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations between sexual attraction and depressive symptoms, suicidality, self-harming and help-seeking behaviours in a nationally representative secondary school health and well-being survey, undertaken in 2007.

Results: Of the students surveyed, 92% were attracted to the opposite sex, 1% to the same sex, 3% to both sexes, 2% were not sure and 2% were attracted to neither sex. Students who were attracted to the same or to both sexes consistently had higher prevalence estimates of depression (p = < 0.0001), suicidality (p = < 0.0001) and self-harming (p = < 0.0001). Odds ratios were highest for students who reported they were attracted to both sexes for depressive symptoms (OR 3.7, 95%CI 2.8–4.7), self-harm (OR 5.8, 95%CI 4.4–7.6) and attempted suicide (OR 7.0, 95%CI 5.2–9.4). Students not exclusively attracted to the opposite sex were more likely to report having seen a health professional for an emotional worry and were more likely to have difficulty accessing help for emotional concerns.

Conclusions: The study findings highlight significant mental health disparities faced by students attracted to the same or both sexes, with those attracted to both sexes appearing particularly vulnerable. There is a vital need to ensure primary care and mental health services have the capacity and capability to screen and provide appropriate responsive care for youth who are attracted to the same or both sexes.
Comparison of the Growth and Production of Carps in Polyculture Ponds with Supplemental Feed using Rice Straw and Kanchi as Substrates
Authors: Rai S. , Yi Y. , Wahab Md.A. , Bart A.N. , Diana J.S.
Published: March 2011

An experiment was carried to compare the performance of rice straw and kanchi in carp polyculture ponds with supplemental feed. The experiment included two treatments in triplicates: a) rice straw substrate (3x625 kgha-1) with supplemental feeding and b) kanchi substrate (390 kanchi pond-1) with supplemental feeding. Fingerlings (n=40) of rohu, Labeo rohita (23.3±0.5 g), catla, Catla catla (26.0±0.6 g), mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (25.4±0.7 g), common carp, Cyprinus carpio (28.5±1.9 g) and silver carp, Hypophthalmychthys molitrix (32.1±1.3 g) were stocked at 3:2:2:2:1 ratio. Fish growth and weight gains did not vary between the rice straw and the kanchi treatment except in catla (P>0.05). Daily and total weight gains of catla was 48 and 32% higher in the kanchi treatment than in the rice straw treatment (P<0.05). However, the rice straw treatment gave more profit than the kanchi treatment. Based on fish production and gross margin, the rice straw treatment seems better for resource-poor farmers.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4316
Diversity, Host Range and Distribution of Mistletoes along Steep Altitudinal Gradient of Tribhuvan Highway, Central Nepal
Authors: Joshi G.P. , Devkota M.P.
Published: March 2011

A total of 11 mistletoe species, eight belonging to five genera in the family Loranthaceae and three species belonging to two genera in the family Viscaceae were documented from 43 host species belonging to 24 unrelated host families along Tribhuvan highway, central Nepal. Wide host range of Scurrula species (Loranthaceae) showed that they were more generalist and successfully parasitized as many hosts as encountered, while Viscaceae mistletoes showed narrow host range and high degree of host specificity since they infected a limited number of hosts. The irregular and patchy distribution of mistletoe along the highway was governed by three major factors: forest structure, site mesoclimate and availability of suitable host species. Marginal fragmented forests located along the warm sunny slopes of highway were found as most suitable habitat. Warmer southern sunny slopes, between Sinbhanjyang to Bahise Dobhan, favoured wider altitudinal distribution range of mistletoe compared to cold and moist northern slopes.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4317
Consequence of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Morphometrics Reared on Different Cotton Varieties
Authors: Tithi D.A. , Amin M.R. , Hossain S.M.A. , Azad H.M.S.
Published: March 2011

Morphometric characteristics of cotton armyworm Spodoptera litura were studied on cotton varieties CB9, CB10 and SR05. The morphometric parameters of the insect showed that the cotton variety SR05 revealed significantly the highest diameter of egg mass (7.4±0.4 mm). The cotton varieties showed significant effect on the length of different larval instars but the breadth of 3rd and 4th instar were statistically different. The studied cotton varieties as food sources did not affect pupal length and also the length and breadth of adults, but pupal breadth showed significant variation. The highest breadth (6.5±0.6 mm) of pupa was found when the insects were reared on SR05 variety.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4318
Amniotic diversity of Taranga Hill-forest, Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel C.D. , Patel M.I.
Published: March 2011

Amniotes is the group of the animals’ viz., reptiles, birds and mammals, in which extra-embryonic membranes are developed around the embryo for different functions. Amniotic diversity of Taranga Hill-forest (THf) has been studied. THf was represented by 147 species belonging to 116 genera and 62 families. Of these, 24 species were reptiles (belonging 21 genus and 11 families), 98 species were birds (belonging 73 genus and 35 families) and 25 species were mammals (belonging 22 genus and 16 families). It shows that THf has good amniotic diversity. The THf covers 21.21% amniotic diversity of Gujarat and 7.07% of India. The total amniotic diversity of THf was covered by 66.67% species of birds, 17.01% species of mammals and 16.33% species of reptiles. Of the total 62 families, 6 families have high diversity, 18 families have moderate diversity, 10 families have low diversity and 28 families have very low diversity. The high-diversified six families were Colubridae, Accipitridae, Corvidae, Muscicapidae, Sylviidae and Passeridae. Diversity in an area is dependent upon the availability of variable food sources, habitats for roosting, resting, breeding and sheltering; semi-arid climate and evolutionary history of the Aravalli ranges.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4322
Site-wise Mercury Levels in Ulhas River Estuary and Thane Creek near Mumbai, India and its Relation to Water Parameters
Authors: Menon J.S. , Mahajan S.V.
Published: March 2011

Ulhas river estuary (73°14′E, 19°14′N to 72°54′E, 19°17′N) and Thane creek (72°55′E, 19°N to 73°E, 19°15′N) near Mumbai, India are highly polluted owing to the heavy load of industrial pollutants and sewage discharge. The traditional fisher-folk living along the banks of Ulhas river estuary and Thane Creek rely on these contaminated fish for their daily sustenance, thereby being exposed to heavy mercury pollution for several years. However, little attention has been given to the levels of mercury in water, its intake and exposure to those populations. In the present study, mercury levels in the waters of Ulhas river estuary and Thane creek has been analysed and its relation with other physico-chemical parameters have been studied. Mercury level was maximum in Wehele station and Alimgarh station with an average of 8.57 ng/ml and minimum at Diwe-Kewni station with 2.6 ng/ml. Vittawa and Airoli stations along Thane creek showed moderate levels with an average of 5.71 ng/ml. The reference site, Khadavli had Hg below the level of detection in the water samples. Study on Hg levels in water showed proximity to the source of discharge to be the prime factor for its elevated levels. Mercury in water depicted positive correlations with temperature and BOD and negative correlations with pH, salinity, hardness and DO.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4325
Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Properties and Biodiversity in Betana Pond, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Niroula B. , Singh K.L.B. , Thapa G.B. , Pal J.
Published: March 2011

A total of 62 species of aquatic macrophytes belonging to 33 families (Alga 1, Bryophyte 1, Pteridophytes 5, Angiospermic dicots 25 and monocots 31) and 38 species of aquatic macro-fauna (Birds 17, Reptiles 3, Amphibians 3, Fishes 12, Molluscs 1 and Arthropods 2) were recorded from Betana pond, eastern Nepal. Physico-chemical parameters of the pond water displayed different characteristics with seasons. More seasonal fluctuations in turbidity (0.76-26.01 NTU), carbon dioxide (4.58-73.92 mg/l) and chloride content (2.0-7.0 mg/l) were recorded in the pond.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4330
Cyanobacteria of Nepal: A Checklist with Distribution
Authors: Rai S.K. , Rai R.K. , Jha S.
Published: March 2011

This compilation work presents an up-to-date list of the cyanophycean algae reported by various workers in past from Nepal. It comprises a total 274 taxa belonging to 61 genera under 12 families.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4342
Towards an Appreciation of German Disunity
Authors: Pettingill Lindsay M.
Published: March 2011

Mary Fulbrook, ed., Power and Society in the GDR 1961-1979: The ‘Normalisation of Rule’ (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009)

Jan Palmowski, Inventing a Socialist Nation: Heimat and the Politics of Everyday Life in the GDR 1945-1990 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)

Esther von Richthofen, Bringing Culture to the Masses: Control, Compromise and Participation in the GDR (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009)
Tropical Sprue (TS); Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Perveen I , Hasan M , Kibria GM , Rahman MM
Published: March 2011

Background: Tropical sprue (TS) is a common cause of malabsorption in the tropics. No report has yet been published on TS in Bangladesh. This report aimed to describe clinical picture of TS patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The data were collected from the admission and discharge registers and register of follow-up clinic of Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the period of 1981- 2004. Results: A total of 23 patients with a mean age of 36.42 years were diagnosed to have TS (8 females and 15 males). Mean duration of their symptoms was eight months. Important presenting features were loose motions (82.6%) and progressive weight loss (73.91. Approximately 43.47% patients presented with abdominal discomfort or pain, 26.02% with fever and 26.03% with skin changes. Mean hemoglobin and serum albumin levels were 9.71gm/dl and 31.16 gm/dl respectively. Fecal fat was positive in only eight cases. Contrast X-ray showed dilatation of small intestinal loops in four cases and flocculation of dye in two cases. Duodenal biopsy showed partial (16cases) or subtotal (four cases) villous atrophy with chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in lamina propria in 91.3 % cases. Patients treated with tetracycline or ciprofloxacin along with folic acid showed good initial response with improvement of bowel motions, weight gain and anemia. Only two patients presented with recurrent attacks. In conclusion, TS is also prevalent in our country. A good number of TS patients presented with abdominal responses were pain and fever along with diarrhoea and weight loss. Small intestinal mucosal changes and treatment typical to TS. Key Words: Tropical sprue; clinical profile Key Message: The mal-absorptive disorder Tropical sprue is also prevalent in Bangladesh. Patients mostly presented with loose motions and progressive weight loss. A good number of TS patients’ present with abdominal pain and fever along with diarrhoea and weight loss. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v29i1.7166J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29:16-20
Heterotopic Pregnancy- Case Report
Authors: Jahan S , Das TR , Akter L
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v29i1.7171J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29:44-45
Names of the reviewers of articles Vol.29(1) 2011
Authors: Editor The
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v29i1.7178J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29:56
Unionism, Nationalism and the Scottish Catholic Periphery, 1850–1930
Authors: Kehoe S. Karly
Published: March 2011

This article investigates the relationship between nationalism, unionism and Catholicism between 1850 and 1930 and proposes that ideas about the Scottish nation and national identity had a strong connection with the re-emergence and development of Catholicism. The presence of a large Irish-born and Irish-descended Catholic population meant that although there was a peripheral sensitivity to Ireland and an intellectual curiosity with Home Rule, indigenous Catholics remained deeply committed to the Scottish nation within the British state. A majority of Catholics in Scotland saw themselves as loyal British subjects, as nation builders and as the ambassadors of an imperial ideal. Understanding how Catholic identity was defined and how far this influenced, or was influenced by, the construction of a national identity is critical for achieving an understanding of the complexities of nationalism in Scotland. The parallels that exist between Catholicism's position on the periphery of Scottish society and Scotland's status within Britain is an overarching theme in this article that focuses on a period of intense national self-reflection and identity construction.
Distribution and Molecular Characterization of β-Glucans from Hull-Less Barley Bran, Shorts and Flour
Authors: Zheng Xueling , Li Limin , Wang Qi
Published: March 2011

Six hull-less barley cultivars widely grown in China were roller-milled to produce bran, shorts and flour fractions. The distribution and molecular characteristics of β-glucans from the three roller-milled fractions were investigated. The β-glucan contents in the six hull-less barley cultivars varied from 4.96% to 7.62%. For all the six cultivars, the shorts fraction contained the highest concentration of β-glucan (8.12–13.01%), followed by bran (6.15–7.58%) and flour (2.48–2.95%). Crude β-glucans were prepared from the three roller-milled fractions using aqueous sodium carbonate (pH 10). These preparations contained 45.38–71.41% β-glucan, 10.81–17.26% arabinoxylan, 2.6–9.6% protein, 2.7–9.0% starch, and 5.23–9.68% ash. Purification using a-amylase and β-xylanase in combination with pH adjustment and dialysis produced high purity β-glucan preparations (91–95%). The molecular weight (Mw) of β-glucan preparations from roller-milled fractions ranged from 117,600 to 852,400 g/mol. β-Glucan from flour had higher Mw than those from shorts and bran within the same cultivar, and β-glucan preparations from bran had the lowest Mw.
Antioxidant Activity of a Mediterranean Food Product: “Fig Syrup”
Authors: Puoci Francesco , Iemma Francesca , Spizzirri Umile G. , Restuccia Donatella , Pezzi Vincenzo , Sirianni Rosa , Manganaro Lillo , Curcio Manuela , Parisi Ortensia I. , Cirillo Giuseppe , Picci Nevio
Published: March 2011

In this work, the efficacy of fig syrup, a Mediterranean fig derivative, as a nutraceutical supplement, was demonstrated. Fig syrup is a fruit concentrate used as a common ingredient in the preparation of typical foods, and particularly in cakes. In vitro assays were performed to determine the amount of nutraceutical ingredients, such as phenolic compounds (3.92 mg equivalent of gallic acid per g) and flavonoids (0.35 mg equivalent of catechin per g), while HPLC analyses provided specific information about the composition of antioxidants in the syrup. Furthermore, total antioxidant activity, scavenging properties against DPPH and peroxyl radicals, and the anticholinesterase activity, clearly showed the efficacy of the syrup in preventing damage induced by free radicals and, thus, the applicability of this food derivative as a nutraceutical supplement.
A 3D Electroactive Polypyrrole-Collagen Fibrous Scaffold for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yow Soh-Zeom , Lim Tze Han , Yim Evelyn K. F. , Lim Chwee Teck , Leong Kam W.
Published: March 2011

Fibers that can provide topographical, biochemical and electrical cues would be attractive for directing the differentiation of stem cells into electro-responsive cells such as neuronal or muscular cells. Here we report on the fabrication of polypyrrole-incorporated collagen-based fibers via interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC). The mean ultimate tensile strength of the fibers is 304.0 ± 61.0 MPa and the Young’s Modulus is 10.4 ± 4.3 GPa. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are cultured on the fibers in a proliferating medium and stimulated with an external electrical pulse generator for 5 and 10 days. The effects of polypyrrole in the fiber system can be observed, with hMSCs adopting a neuronal-like morphology at day 10, and through the upregulation of neural markers, such as noggin, MAP2, neurofilament, β tubulin III and nestin. This study demonstrates the potential of this fiber system as an attractive 3D scaffold for tissue engineering, where collagen is present on the fiber surface for cellular adhesion, and polypyrrole is encapsulated within the fiber for enhanced electrical communication in cell-substrate and cell-cell interactions.
Performance of an Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor in Apple Tree Canopies
Authors: Escolà Alexandre , Planas Santiago , Rosell Joan Ramon , Pomar Jesús , Camp Ferran , Solanelles Francesc , Gracia Felip , Llorens Jordi , Gil Emilio
Published: March 2011

Electronic canopy characterization is an important issue in tree crop management. Ultrasonic and optical sensors are the most used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to assess the performance of an ultrasonic sensor under laboratory and field conditions in order to provide reliable estimations of distance measurements to apple tree canopies. To this purpose, a methodology has been designed to analyze sensor performance in relation to foliage ranging and to interferences with adjacent sensors when working simultaneously. Results show that the average error in distance measurement using the ultrasonic sensor in laboratory conditions is ±0.53 cm. However, the increase of variability in field conditions reduces the accuracy of this kind of sensors when estimating distances to canopies. The average error in such situations is ±5.11 cm. When analyzing interferences of adjacent sensors 30 cm apart, the average error is ±17.46 cm. When sensors are separated 60 cm, the average error is ±9.29 cm. The ultrasonic sensor tested has been proven to be suitable to estimate distances to the canopy in field conditions when sensors are 60 cm apart or more and could, therefore, be used in a system to estimate structural canopy parameters in precision horticulture.
Non-Destructive Techniques Based on Eddy Current Testing
Authors: García-Martín Javier , Gómez-Gil Jaime , Vázquez-Sánchez Ernesto
Published: March 2011

Non-destructive techniques are used widely in the metal industry in order to control the quality of materials. Eddy current testing is one of the most extensively used non-destructive techniques for inspecting electrically conductive materials at very high speeds that does not require any contact between the test piece and the sensor. This paper includes an overview of the fundamentals and main variables of eddy current testing. It also describes the state-of-the-art sensors and modern techniques such as multi-frequency and pulsed systems. Recent advances in complex models towards solving crack-sensor interaction, developments in instrumentation due to advances in electronic devices, and the evolution of data processing suggest that eddy current testing systems will be increasingly used in the future.
Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors Embedded in a Laminate Composite for Smart Material Applications
Authors: Sonnenfeld Camille , Sulejmani Sanne , Geernaert Thomas , Eve Sophie , Lammens Nicolas , Luyckx Geert , Voet Eli , Degrieck Joris , Urbanczyk Waclaw , Mergo Pawel , Becker Martin , Bartelt Hartmut , Berghmans Francis , Thienpont Hugo
Published: March 2011

Fiber Bragg gratings written in highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber with a dedicated design are embedded in a composite fiber-reinforced polymer. The Bragg peak wavelength shifts are measured under controlled axial and transversal strain and during thermal cycling of the composite sample. We obtain a sensitivity to transversal strain that exceeds values reported earlier in literature by one order of magnitude. Our results evidence the relevance of using microstructured optical fibers for structural integrity monitoring of composite material structures.
Uremic Tumoral Calcinosis in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: Clinical, Radiologic, and Laboratory Features
Authors: Chu Hung-Yi , Chu Pauling , Lin Yuh-Feng , Chou Heng-Kuang , Lin Shih-Hua
Published: March 2011

Background

Uremic tumoral calcinosis (UTC) has been analyzed in uremic patients on hemodialysis, but little is known about UTC in peritoneal dialysis (PD). In this study, we aimed to characterize UTC in uremic patients on PD.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed uremic patients on PD who developed UTC over a 9-year period. Clinical, radio-logic, and laboratory features; treatments; and outcomes in those patients were assessed. One of the patients (case 7) is described as a case example.

Results

The study enrolled 7 patients with a mean age of 41 years. Mean time from PD to UTC was 45.3 months. All patients were anuric but adequately dialyzed. Cardinal symptoms were local tenderness and limited range of joint motion. Lesions were mostly multifocal ( n = 6) and predominantly involved shoulders, hands, feet, hips, and wrists. Metatarsophalangeal joint UTC was misdiagnosed as tophaceous gout in 2 patients. Main laboratory findings were hyperphosphatemia (7.9 ± 0.8 mg/dL), high CaxP product [>65 mg2/dL2 (range: 81.1 ± 11.5 mg2/dL2)], secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with various levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH: 592.2 ± 315.2 pg/mL; <250 pg/mL in 2 patients). Medical treatments for UTC included P restriction, non-Ca-based phosphate binders, and adequate dialysis with low-Ca dialysate, but all treatments were ineffective. Parathyroidectomy ( n = 3) can partially ameliorate UTC, but only 1 patient (case 7), who had extremely high iPTH (1085 pg/mL), manifested hungry bone syndrome (HBS) and had remarkable resolution of UTC. By contrast, in patients who underwent renal transplantation ( n = 3), UTC completely resolved by about 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

Uremic tumoral calcinosis develops in anuric PD patients with uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia; it is usually multifocal, occurring around the weight-bearing joints or overused smaller joints. Aggressive medical therapy alone is ineffective, and parathyroidectomy appears to be unsatisfactory except in the presence of severe SHPT with postoperative HBS.