bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elements of dynamics of geometrically-accurate crossed-axes gear pair with line contact between the tooth flanks
Authors: Radzevich Stephen
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with geometrically-accurate crossed-axes gearing that features line contact between the tooth flanks of a gear, and of a mating pinion. The gearing of this design is commonly referred to «R – gearing».R – gearingis the only possible kind of crossed-axes gearing, in which the tooth flanks of a gear, and of a mating pinion are in line contact with one another. Contact motion characteristics, and the key elements of dynamics ofR – gearingare concisely outlined in the paper. The tooth profile sliding, and sliding in the lengthwise direction of the gear tooth, are covered at the beginning of the paper in the section titledContact motion characteristics. The key elements of dynamics ofR – gearingare discussed in the rest sections of the paper. Here, analytical solution to the problems under consideration is presented. The obtained results of the research are also valid for gear pairs that operate on intersected axes of rotation of a gear, and of a mating pinion. This becomes evident if one assumes the center-distance in the gear pair equal to zero. The discussed results of the research form a foundation for the further analysis of dynamics of real gear pairs that operate on crossing axes of rotation of a gear, and of a mating pinion.
Evolution and emerging trends of 4D printing: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Wencai , Ge Zhenghao , Li Duanling
Published: October 2022

The emergence of additive manufacturing technology opens up avenues for developing manufacturing industries, and a clear future direction for additive manufacturing is 4D printing. As a young field, it is full of new elements to be researched. In a summary and overview of the current state of research and trends, existing studies are generally manually reviewed and organized. It is susceptible to subjective thinking and knowledge blindness, making it difficult to reflect the current state of research in 4D printing in a comprehensive manner. This paper constructs a visualizing technology identification framework for the global 4D printing research field for manufacturing regarding basic information, technology evolution paths, knowledge structures, and emerging trends through bibliometric techniques and Gephi and CiteSpace software. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic, comprehensive, dynamic, quantitative, and objective analysis of the 4D printing research field in order to deepen and refine research in the field, as well as to reveal the overall existing knowledge structure and potential emerging trends. Researchers can use it to understand current research gaps and best practice pathways.
Trend Analysis of Global Web Searches (2004–2022) on Oral Cancer and Its Major Risk Factors
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Salami Afeez Abolarinwa , Nwafor Jacob Njideka , Olomo Charles Adetokunbo , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles
Published: October 2022

Background Oral cancer is the 15th leading cause of mortality globally. The Internet is an online source of information pertaining to oral cancer and its major risk factors. This study aims to analyze the trend of global online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors through an analysis of web searches of oral cancer.

Materials and Methods This study analyzed the web searches conducted, from 2004 to January 2022, on oral cancer and its major risk factors (tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and human papillomavirus [HPV] infection) using data obtained from Google Trends.

Results Within the time frame under study, oral cancer had multiple peak search periods, with the highest relative search volume index (SVI) for a period being 1; the peak search period for alcohol was March 2020 (SVI = 100); the peak search periods for tobacco were March to April 2004 (SVI = 17); and the peak search period of HPV was April 2004 (SVI = 1). Globally, alcohol was the most common searched term among these four terms (oral cancer, alcohol, tobacco, and HPV) except in Turkey where tobacco was the most common (55%) searched term. The top 25 search queries for oral cancer, HPV, tobacco, and alcohol had SVI ranges of 22 to 100, 12 to 100, 28 to 100, and 18 to 100, respectively. From these search queries, it was observed that people have interest in oral cancer symptomatology, and the adverse effects of tobacco, alcohol, and HPV.

Conclusion This study revealed an overall decline in the online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors on a global scale.
Lunate Fracture Morphology in Kienbock's Disease—A Computed Tomography Study
Authors: MacLean Simon B. M. , Bain Gregory I.
Published: October 2022

Background The pathogenesis of Kienbock's disease is poorly understood. The coronal fracture line is acknowledged as a poor prognostic marker in the disease. Other fracture types in the Kienbock's wrist have subsequently been identified.

Questions/Purposes The aim is to study the fracture morphology of the lunate in a cohort of patients using computed tomography.

Methods Patient images were acquired using a set protocol with four-dimensional computed tomography scanning. Images were reviewed by two orthopaedic surgeons and a consultant radiologist. Static and dynamic images were assessed and a fracture map created. The relationship of fracture type to other parameters was then analyzed.

Results Twenty-three patients were included in the study, including 11 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 43 years. Total frequency of fracture lines in the cohort was coronal – 26, proximal subchondral bone plate type – 24, avulsion – 19, sagittal – 16, and distal subchondral bone plate type – 11. There were statistically significantly more proximal than distal subchondral bone plate fractures (p = 0.03), and more coronal fractures than distal subchondral bone plate fractures (p = 0.01). There were statistically significantly more radiolunate ligament-avulsion types (p <0.001) than other types. The sagittal fracture line through the lunate approximated closely to the ulnar edge of the capitate and the ulnar edge of the radius.

Conclusion Study on the fracture morphology in the Kienbock's wrist has improved our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Fracture lines may correspond to loading points, intrinsic and extrinsic ligament avulsions. These fracture types may play a role in disease progression and are important to identify when considering lunate salvage surgery.
Electron-phonon interaction and point contact enhanced superconductivity in trigonal PtBi2
Authors: Bashlakov D. L. , Kvitnitskaya O. E. , Shipunov G. , Aswartham S. , Feya O. D. , Efremov D. V. , Büchner B. , Naidyuk Yu. G.
Published: October 2022

PtBi2 is a Weyl semimetal, which demonstrates superconductivity with low critical temperature Tc ∼ 0.6 K in the bulk. Here, we report our study of electron-phonon interaction (EPI) in trigonal PtBi2 by the Yanson point- contact (PC) spectroscopy and present the observation of PC enhanced superconductivity. We show that the Yanson’s PC spectra display a broad maximum around 15 meV, indicating, apparently, EPI mechanism of Cooper pairing in PtBi2. Moreover, we discovered a substantial increase of Tc up to ∼ 3.5 K in PCs. The observed Tc is suf­ficiently higher than the bulk value, as well as detected at hydrostatic pressure. We calculated the phonon density of states and Eliashberg EPI function in PtBi2 within the framework of the density functional theory. A comparison of experimental data with theoretical calculations showed acceptable agreement. The theoretical Tc is 3.5 K, which corresponds to the experimental value.
Ab initio computations of BaZrO3, CaTiO3, SrTiO3 perovskite as well as WO3 and ReO3 (001) surfaces
Authors: Eglitis R. I. , Popov A. I. , Purans J. , Bocharov D. , Mastrikov Y. A. , Jia Ran , Kruchinin S. P.
Published: October 2022

We computed, at the ab initio level, BaZrO3, CaTiO3, SrTiO3 as well as WO3 and ReO3 (001) surfaces and analyzed systematic tendencies therein. As obtained by our ab initio hybrid DFT-HF computations, at BO2-terminated (001) surfaces of investigated ABO3 perovskites as well as WO3 and ReO3 oxides, all top-layer ions shift in the direction of the crystal bulk. The single-deviation from this tendency is upward shift of the WO2-terminated WO3 (001) surface top layer O ion by the magnitude of +0.42% of the bulk lattice constant a0. In contrary, all second layer ions, with the single exception of ReO2-terminated ReO3 (001) surface O ion, shifts upwards. Our computed BO2-terminated SrTiO3, CaTiO3, BaZrO3, WO3 and ReO3 (001) surface Γ–Γ band gaps always are smaller than their respective bulk Γ–Γ band gaps. The B–O ion chemical bond populations in the SrTiO3, CaTiO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite bulk are always smaller than at their nearby BO2-terminated (001) surfaces. On the contrary, the W–O and Re–O ion chemical bond populations in the WO3 (0.142e) and ReO3 (0.212e) bulk are slightly larger than at nearby the WO2- and ReO2-terminated WO3 and ReO3 (001) surfaces (0.108e and 0.170e). Nonetheless, the W–O and Re–O chemical bond populations between the W and Re ions located in the upper layer and the O ions located in the second layer of the WO2- and ReO2-terminated (001) surfaces (0.278e and 0.262e) are the absolutely largest bond populations in the WO3 and ReO3 crystals.
Numerical analysis of frequency characteristics of transmitted waves by random waveguide
Authors: Katayama Kiyofumi , Tanaka Kazuo , Tanaka Masahiro
Published: October 2022

The frequency characteristics of the transmitted waves by the two-dimensional single-mode waveguide with a slightly rough boundary are investigated in detail. Two realizations of the waveguide with random rough boundaries are considered. Since the boundary element method based on the guided-mode extracted integral equation is employed, the boundary condition on the random rough boundary is accurately satisfied. It is found that the strong resonances with high Q-factor are created close to the cutoff frequency of the second-mode in the waveguide and they cause the small transmission (high reflection). It is shown that the Q-factors of these resonances increase with a decrease in the rms of the rough boundaries. It is shown that the rough boundary whose rms is about several thousand times smaller than the wavelength creates a strong enhanced electric field whose intensity is about several hundred times larger than that of the incident mode.
Raman tensor studies on defective non-van der Waals Bi2O2Se
Authors: Kim Un Jeong , Nam Seung Hyun , Kim Seok In , Han Yoojoong , Yoon Jeechan , Gutiérrez Humberto R. , Cheon Miyeon , Kim Gun Cheol , Park Yeonsang , Lee Moonsang , Hahm Myung Gwan , Son Hyungbin
Published: October 2022

The Raman tensors of the three modes at ∼55, ∼80, and ∼160 cm−1 for the non-van der Waals layered material Bi2O2Se, which were assigned to Eu, Eg, and A1g, respectively, were experimentally investigated. Two modes at ∼55 and ∼80 cm−1, which were not observable in perfect crystal Bi2O2Se in the backscattering configuration, owing to the Raman selection rule, were activated by defects. These two modes exhibit strong polarization dependence at line defects and the excitation energy; thus, their Raman polarizability tensors exhibit strong dependence on the defect morphology and geometric characteristics of Bi2O2Se. The results of this study confirm that the Raman tensors of nanocrystalline structures can be modulated by defects.
Clinical concern and the deteriorating patient: a review of rapid response 2018–20
Authors: Forcey Dana S. , Dyer Jessamy C. , Hopper Ingrid K.
Published: October 2022

Objective To investigate demographics, clinical patterns and outcomes of rapid response reviews in hospital, reviewing indications for and outcomes of rapid response reviews initiated for clinical concern and to understand the role of clinical concern in identifying the deteriorating patient and at-risk patient populations. Method This was a retrospective analysis of General Medical inpatients at Alfred Hospital from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2020. Data extraction from electronic medical records identified patients who had a rapid response review during admission. Demographic and clinical data, investigations and clinical outcomes from rapid response reviews were investigated. Comparisons were performed using χ2 or Fisher’s exact test where appropriate. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for factors associated with rapid response reviews for clinical concern and clinical outcomes. Results There were 10 797 admissions of 7409 individual patients. There were 2359 rapid response reviews during the study period, occurring in 13% of admissions. Patients were majority female (50.4%), and the median age was 79 ± 17.6 years. Rapid response reviews were for cardiovascular (46.8%), respiratory (25.3%) and neurological (14.3%) indications. A total of 11% of rapid response reviews (n = 258) were for clinical concern. Inpatient falls accounted for a significant proportion of rapid response reviews for clinical concern. Reviews were more common in older patients, those admitted after-hours, and patients with disabilities. The latter group were more likely to have rapid response reviews for clinical concern. Rapid response reviews initiated for clinical concern were more likely than those initiated for standard criteria to change patients’ clinical status, particularly the withdrawal of active management. Conclusions Rapid response reviews for clinical concern are important triggers to identify clinical deterioration in vulnerable patients. Reviews were initiated for clinical concern were more likely than those initiated for standard criteria to result in a change in patients’ resuscitation status and care trajectory. Clinician concern, even when prompting review for parameters outside of standard clinical review criteria, remains an important factor in recognising the deteriorating patient.
The
Authors: Simpson Jamie , Conran John G. , Biffin Ed , van Dijk Kor-jent , Waycott Michelle
Published: October 2022

Crinum flaccidum Herb. is widespread across southern and eastern Australia, but suffers from taxonomic uncertainty. This ambiguity is in part due to widespread hybridisation in the genus, but also morphological variability within and among populations. Morphological and molecular analyses of the complex using 24 morphological characters and 59 chloroplast coding and non-coding regions (~50 000 bp) provided support for the separation of C. flaccidum from C. luteolum Traub & L.S.Hannibal ex Traub, with the latter representing populations from the Flinders Ranges and Lake Eyre Basin. Within Crinum flaccidum, there was greater inferred genetic structure at the population level for New South Wales flood plain accessions, compared with South Australian populations from along the Murray River. The greater structure of the South Australian populations is theorised to be attributed to lower seed-dispersal rates leading to lower gene flow.
Same person, different platform
Authors: Marko Karoline , Reitbauer Margit , Pickl Georg
Published: October 2022

The importance of digital data in forensic contexts has been increasing continuously (e.g.,Grant 2013;Layton, Watters & Dazeley 2010;Wright 2013), with individuals holding an average of 8.5 different social media accounts in 2018 (Statista 2021a). Even though numerous studies have investigated registers on social media platforms (e.g.,Seargeant & Tagg 2014;Zappavigna 2013), it has rarely been attempted to describe individual styles of one and the same person on different platforms – a research gap this paper attempts to address with the help of an exploratory hypothesis-generating study. The data is drawn from Instagram and Twitter, and comprises 1,800 posts from three media representatives and/or writers that hold accounts with both platforms. The results of the analysis suggest that the use of some features (e.g., emoji, hashtags) is strongly influenced by the respective platforms, while other features (e.g., patterns of punctuation, use of types of speech acts) remain stable and thus offer promising avenues for authorship analysis.
Solidification structures and phases in wire arc additive manufactured C250 maraging steel
Authors: Guo Lulu , Zhang Lina , Andersson Joel , Ojo Olanrewaju
Published: October 2022

Multiple layers of C250 maraging steel were deposited into a single-wall structure by using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The microstructural characteristics of the as-deposited C250 steel, in terms of solidification structures and phases, were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that lath martensite and austenite phases are formed in the as-deposited C250 steel. Apart from these two phases, Laves phase Fe2Ti particles, which have not been reported in C250 steel, are also observed in the C250 steel produced by the WAAM process. TEM analysis does not reveal the formation of strengthening precipitates in the as-built C250 steel, which is further confirmed by hardness measurement.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Local spectroscopic evidence for a nodeless magnetic kagome superconductor CeRu2
Authors: Mielke III C , Liu H , Das D , Yin J-X , Deng L Z , Spring J , Gupta R , Medarde M , Chu C-W , Khasanov R , Hasan Z M , Shi Y , Luetkens H , Guguchia Z
Published: October 2022

We report muon spin rotation (µSR) experiments on the microscopic properties of superconductivity and magnetism in the kagome superconductor CeRu2 with

T

c

≃
5

 K. From the measurements of the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth λ, the superconducting order parameter exhibits nodeless pairing, which fits best to an anisotropic s-wave gap symmetry. We further show that the

T

c

/λ
−2 ratio is comparable to that of unconventional superconductors. Furthermore, the powerful combination of zero-field (ZF)-µSR and high-field µSR has been used to uncover magnetic responses across three characteristic temperatures, identified as

T
1

∗

≃
110

 K,

T
2

∗

≃
65

 K, and

T
3

∗

≃
40

 K. Our experiments classify CeRu2 as an exceedingly rare nodeless magnetic kagome superconductor.
The effect of boson–boson interaction on the bipolaron formation
Authors: Jager J , Barnett R
Published: October 2022

Impurities immersed into a surrounding ultra-cold Bose gas experience interactions mediated by the surrounding many-body environment. If one focuses on two impurities that are sufficiently close to each other, they can form a bipolaron pair. Here, we discuss how the standard methods based on linearizing the condensate field lead to results only valid in the weak coupling regime and for sufficiently large impurity separations. We show how those shortcomings can be remedied within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by accounting for boson–boson interactions already on the mean-field level.
A multifunctional metasurface with broadband absorption and high-efficiency transmission polarization conversion
Authors: Fu Yang , Yang Helin , Cheng Houyuan , Liu Shanshan , Li Shangru , Zhang Aidong , Wen Dinge
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a polarization-sensitive absorption and transmission polarization conversion multifunctional metasurface is designed. Based on the principle of Fabry-Borot antenna, the modulation of electromagnetic waves with different polarizations is realized. Receiver-transmitter structure consisting of rectangular metal patches on the front and back sides . Cross-polarization conversion of Y-polarized waves was achieved at 8.9–15.2 GHz. In combination with the open-slit elliptical structure, selective absorption of X-polarization can be achieved, thus realizing the radar cross-section(RCS) reduction of the target. The absorption operates in the frequency band of 8.3–13.9 GHz. Electromagnetic waves of different polarizations do not affect each other in the modulation of the same structure and operate in almost the same frequency band. To verify the proposed structure, the relevant parameters were optimized and measured. The experimental results match with the simulation results, and the design can be used for radome and electromagnetic stealth.
Pressure-induced phase transitions of CsSnBr3 perovskite from first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Meiguang , Xiao Zhenrui , Chen Lei , Cao Chanliang , Zhang Yun , Wei Qun , Li Peifang
Published: October 2022

High-pressure structure transition of nontoxic all-inorganic MHP CsSnBr3 was fully explored up to 15 GPa using an advanced structure search technique CALYPSO combined with first-principles calculations. Besides the known orthorhombic Pnma ground state phase, two high-pressure semiconducting Cmcm and P21/m phases of CsSnBr3 were firstly uncovered above 2.37 and 6.8 GPa, respectively. Both phase transitions of the Pnma → Cmcm at 2.37 GPa and Cmcm → P21/m at 6.8 GPa were characterized as first order with a volume reduction of 4.7% and 10.8%. The occurrences of high-pressure Cmcm and P21/m phases follow the enhanced distortions of Sn–Br polyhedrons and increased coordination of Sn atoms from 6 to 8 at elevated pressures. Compared to the direct band gap of the ambient-pressure Pnma phase, the Cmcm and P21/m phases exhibit a larger indirect band gap of 2.347 and 3.143 eV, respectively, originating from the movement away from the Fermi level of conduction bands driven by the twisting of Sn–Br polyhedrons under pressure. The light absorption performances of two high-pressure phases in comparison with the Pnma phase were studied by the calculated optical absorption coefficients.
Self-tuning of the cosmological constant in brane-worlds with P(X,ϕ)
Authors: Lacombe Osmin , Mukohyama Shinji
Published: October 2022

We revisit the idea of self-tuning the observed cosmological constant to a vanishing value and promote it to a selection criterion of brane-world models, in which our Universe is described by a 3-brane embedded in a5dbulk. As a concrete setup, we consider a bulk scalar fieldϕdescribed by a general LagrangianP(X,ϕ) withX= -(∂ϕ)2/2. By requiring that the model enforces the4dcurvature of the maximally symmetric 3-brane world-volume to vanish independently of the4deffective vacuum energy, only two possibilities remain: one with a canonical bulk kinetic term and the other with an unconventional bulk kinetic term similar to a Cuscuton field. Further demanding the absence of bulk singularity, the latter is selected as a unique possibility within the class of models. At the background level, the solution can accommodate any warp factor profile free from bulk singularity and with a finite effective4dPlanck mass. In a cosmological context, our solution would describe our (almost) flat Universe at late times, with a bulk warp factor profile expected to be determined by the evolution of the Universe before dilution of the matter fields by cosmic expansion. Eventually, a simple analysis is performed in the bulk showing no obvious instability around the background solution. A full stability analysis taking into account brane bending modes is nevertheless necessary and left for future work.
High-beam-quality 2 μm tunable Tm:GdScO3 laser pumped by a 793 nm laser diode
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Shanming , Qian Chuanpeng , Fan Yuqing , Yu Ting , Zhao Chengchun , Shi Xiangchun , Hang Yin , Ye Xisheng
Published: October 2022

The continuous wave laser characteristics of a Tm:GdScO3 laser were researched in this work. Under the absorbed pump power of 19.11 W, a maximum output power of 4.41 W was obtained at 1978 nm, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 28.25%. With a quartz birefringent filter (BF), a broad wavelength tunable range from 1845 nm to 2006 nm was obtained, for the first time. Then, a long-pass filter was used to replace the quartz BF. A maximum output power of 3.21 W was obtained at 2002 nm, with the slope efficiency of 21.98%. The beam quality factors M
2 for horizontal and vertical directions were 1.14 and 1.11, respectively.
Semiconductor laser and polarization modulator for W-band signal generation
Authors: Yao Cheng-Kai , Manie Yibeltal Chanie , Huang Jun-Han , Peng Peng-Chun
Published: October 2022

A photonic microwave harmonic up-conversion is experimentally demonstrated using the local oscillator (LO) to directly modulate the distributed feedback laser and externally modulate the polarization modulator simultaneously. By feeding the initial radio frequency signal generated by the LO into the system, the second and fourth harmonic photonic microwaves are eventually available through the separation of the polarization beam splitter. The steady second and fourth harmonic photonic microwaves have a linewidth of about 100 Hz and a discrepancy of up to 60 dB between the central peak and the noise floor. Undesired harmonics and sidebands in the 30 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz fourth harmonic photonic microwaves can be suppressed without the use of optical amplifiers, resulting in a clear display of both tones. The single-sideband (SSB) phase noise of this proposed system adds about 6 dB of SSB phase noise in each cumulative harmonic, which is close to the ideal state.
Photodynamic inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces
Authors: Kurskaya O G , Sharshov K A , Solomatina M V , Voevoda M I , Shestopalov A M , Meerovich G A , Strakhovskaya M G
Published: October 2022

Since coronaviruses can remain infectious on different inanimate surfaces for several hours or even days, the possibility of indirect fomite transmission through infected objects and surfaces cannot be ruled out. We describe a method for the photodynamic disinfection of inanimate surfaces infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Omicron variant strain. Application of only 5 µM photosensitizer octakis(cholinyl)zinc phthalocyanine followed immediately by 7 min irradiation with light emitting diode (LED) light 692 nm (12.5 mW cm−2) results in complete inactivation of the virus on polystyrene and glass surfaces, while 10 min irradiation lead to complete eradication of the virus also on Al-foil and medical mask fabric. A photodynamic technique is being considered to combat the spread of coronaviruses.
Method of dynamic resonance tuning in spintronics of nanosystems
Authors: Yukalov V I , Yukalova E P
Published: October 2022

A method is advanced allowing for fast regulation of magnetization direction in magnetic nanosystems. The examples of such systems are polarized nanostructures, magnetic nanomolecules, magnetic nanoclusters, magnetic graphene, dipolar and spinor trapped atoms, and quantum dots. The emphasis in the paper is on magnetic nanomolecules and nanoclusters. The method is based on two principal contrivances: First, the magnetic sample is placed inside a coil of a resonant electric circuit creating a feedback field, and second, there is an external magnetic field that can be varied so that to dynamically support the resonance between the Zeeman frequency of the sample and the natural frequency of the circuit during the motion of the sample magnetization. This method can find applications in the production of memory devices and other spintronic appliances.
Erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming
Authors: Richardson Mark T. , Benestad Rasmus E.
Published: October 2022

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to Earth's recent temperature change, Connolly et al. committed a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun. A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity, and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of “most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.” We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is −7% to +5%, compared with values of up to 64% reported in Connolly et al. Their higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of statistics. Unfortunately, we cannot test truly “recent” global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015, and two finish in the 1990s, but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar contributions. The solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical discussion. We argue that instead of repeating errors, they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.
Athermal fluctuations in three dimensional disordered crystals
Authors: Maharana Roshan
Published: October 2022

We study jammed near-crystalline materials composed of frictionless spheres in three dimensions. We analyse the fluctuations in positions and forces produced by small polydispersity in particle sizes. We generalize a recently developed perturbation expansion about the crystalline ordered state to three dimensional systems. This allows us to exactly predict changes in positions and forces as a response to the changes in particle radii. We show that fluctuations in forces orthogonal to the lattice directions are highly constrained as compared to the fluctuations along lattice directions. Additionally, we analyse the correlations in the displacement fields produced by the microscopic disorder, which we show displays long ranged behaviour.
Extreme sea level rise along the Indian Ocean coastline: observations and 21st century projections
Authors: Sreeraj P , Swapna P , Krishnan R , Nidheesh A G , Sandeep N
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic sea-level rise poses challenges to coastal areas globally. The combined influence of rising mean sea level (MSL) and storm surges exacerbate the extreme sea level (ESL). Increasing ESL poses a major challenge for climate change adaptation of nearly 2.6 billion inhabitants in the Indian Ocean region. Yet, knowledge about past occurrences of ESL and its progression is limited. Combining multiple tide-gauge and satellite-derived sea-level data, we show that ESL has become more frequent, longer-lasting and intense along the Indian Ocean coastlines. We detect a 2–3-fold increase in ESL occurrence, with higher risk along the Arabian Sea coastline and the Indian Ocean Islands. Our results reveal that rising MSL is the primary contributor to ESL increase (more than 75%), with additional contribution from intensifying tropical cyclones. A two-fold increase in ESL along the Indian Ocean coastline is detected with an additional 0.5 °C warming of the Indian Ocean relative to pre-industrial levels. Utilizing the likely range (17th–83rd percentile as the spread) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MSL projections with considerable inter-model spread, we show that the Indian Ocean region will be exposed annually to the present-day 100 year ESL event by 2100, irrespective of the greenhouse-gas emission pathways, and by 2050 under the moderate-emission-mitigation-policy scenario. The study provides a robust regional estimate of ESL and its progression with rising MSL, which is important for climate change adaptation policies.
5G Field level measurement for human exposure assessment: A lesson for 6G
Authors: Migliore M D
Published: October 2022

Field level measurement for human exposure assessment is an important and sometimes underestimated problem. The aim of this work is to describe the problem of field level measurement for the assessment of human exposure from 2G to 5G, showing the growing difficulties caused by an increasing flexibility of cellular communication systems. If on the one hand this flexibility allowed higher performances, on the other hand it made the estimation of the electromagnetic field more and more complex. 5G field level measurement for human exposure assessment represents a formidable complex problem, currently under study to identify reliable and low-cost methods. Vendors have recently understood this problem and have included a control on the power density radiated by antennas in 5G systems, known as the ”power lock” function. It is worth noting that for the first time a sophisticated power control is introduced in base stations (BS) for the human exposure target. This should be a lesson for the development of 6G, suggesting a safety-on-design approach to human exposure for the next generation of personal communication systems.
Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring of LTE channels based on SDR portable sensor: preliminary analysis
Authors: Șorecău M , Șorecău E , Sârbu A , Helbet R , Bechet P
Published: October 2022

This paper presents preliminary research for the implementation and testing of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) sensor with electromagnetic spectrum monitoring capabilities for measuring signals specific to the Long-TermEvolution (LTE) mobile communications standard. The proposed sensor is developed on the ADALM Pluto SDR platform - and is designed to acquire a bandwidth of at least 20MHz. To determine the spatial extent of the measurements, the sensor also includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) module. The hardware control of the sensor is performed both in stationary variant using a laptop and in mobile mode using a low-cost module - Raspberry Pi. Present findings suggest that the designed SDR solution represents a reliable and low-cost alternative for real-time spectrum monitoring of wideband signals like the case of 4G-specific signals. The cost of the whole implemented monitoring system is about EUR 330.
Using infrared imaging for surface dosimetric measurements during microwaves exposures
Authors: Neghină C , Cotoi A , Voina R , Miclăuş S
Published: October 2022

Infrared (IR) thermography enabled by a small camera attached to a mobile phone is used in the present research for the determination of the heating dynamics of biological liquid samples exposed to 2.3 GHz continuous wave. The methodology is presented and analysed and some relevant examples are Figured out. Differences in electromagnetic field dissipation are nicely emphasized proving that microwaves dosimetry applied to surfaces, if enough resolution and frame frequency is enabled, may represent a valuable tool in observing heating dynamics of the exposed surfaces even at the microscale.
Review on solar air heater hybrid systems thermal performances
Authors: Ifrim V-C , Milici L-D , Bejenar C
Published: October 2022

As conventional fossil fuel systems release toxicants into the atmosphere, humanity is increasingly moving towards sustainability, towards using products that do not cause negative effects on the environment, have a long service life and offer multiple benefits. Solar air heating systems are increasingly used in household applications, even in industrial ones at times. The principle of operation of systems of this type is established on the existence of solar radiance, without this the panels have little or no efficiency at all, so they are limited to sunny periods. One of the methods of increasing the impact and performance of these systems is the realization of hybrid systems that offer several benefits with regard to heating the air in rooms, heating water and ventilating spaces. The meaning of this article is to present a summary of the existing literature, in the sphere of solar hybrid air heating systems, on the methods of improvement and the performance achieved.
Web business computing tool in support to photovoltaic prosumers
Authors: (Nechifor) Roman M , Sălceanu A
Published: October 2022

Electricity is one of the most essential keys in the evolution of nowadays civilization. Nevertheless, huge levels of electric power production and consumption could cause a negative impact on the environment, such as poor air quality, greenhouse emissions, climate change, and ecological disasters. Consequently, today's society needs sustainable solutions that can meet the geopolitical, socio-economic and climatic difficulties that energy production requires. Understanding this, international development programs have been modified approaching the use of sustainable sources of energy, which are gradually becoming economically viable. Among the valid options, photovoltaic (PV) systems have reached both the general and industrial public, becoming a sustainable energy source. Given these things, to gain a boost and to maintain a vital position in the market, it is necessary for prosumers to be aware and to recognize the mobility of characteristics in the fields of finance sphere, but also the structure of indicators able to measure a specific reality. We are calling it "specific reality" because we do not have enough business intelligence instruments in this sector and according to Eurostat, in 2020 only 3.09% of the electricity production in Romania came from photovoltaic panels and the increase was below one percent compared with 2019 when it was only 2.98%. The output power of a solar installation can be measured in several ways, including the competitiveness of the photovoltaic installations. To manipulate and guide the performances in this segment, we need Success Assessment Tools, that check a collection of characteristics used to calculate the outcomes and profitability of a prosumer’s movements. According to National Energy Regulatory Authority, in May 2020 there were only 514 prosumers in Romania (455 individuals, 59 legal entities). A huge untapped opportunity could be represented in Romania by individual households. According to a study custom-built by the European Commission, published in 2017, the theoretical Romanian potential would be about 3.36 million residential prosumers.
Influence of the Geometrical Parameters of a Planar Yagi-Uda Antenna on its Performances
Authors: Constantinescu C , Păcurar C , Munteanu C , Giurgiuman A , Andreica S , Gliga M
Published: October 2022

The paper follows the construction of a planar Yagi Uda antenna and the influence of the geometrical parameters on its characteristic parameters. According to the studies conducted on classical Yagi Uda antennas, modifying their geometrical parameters can lead to the improvement of the antenna function. Thus, the authors will consider modifying the number of directors, the distance between the fed dipole and the first director, the distance between the directors and the length of the directors in an attempt to determine their influence on the antenna’s characteristic parameters. All the results are compared and the similitude between planar and classical antenna is highlighted. Some of the most important antenna parameters were analyzed namely S parameters, gain, directivity, frequency bandwidth and radiation pattern.
The influence of the patch antennas emissions on the human head
Authors: Păcurar C , Țopa V , Giurgiuman A , Munteanu C , Constantinescu C , Gliga M , Andreica S
Published: October 2022

The influences of the antenna’s emissions on the human body are to be investigated because in our days, as a simple example, the mobile phone is permanently in use, on day or night. The long-time human exposure at the electromagnetic field radiations is obvious and there exist the possibility that these can affect the human health. The influences of the circular patch antenna’s emissions on the human head are analyzed at high frequency in this paper. First the patch antenna is modelled and simulated to extract its specific parameters and to represent the emitted electric and magnetic field around it. Next the human head is considered near to the patch antenna in position that imitates the mobile phone at ear and the electric field, the magnetic field, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) are represented to determine the antenna’s emissions at its operating frequency. So, the main aim of the paper is the high frequency analyzes of the circular patch antennas to investigate the influence of their emissions on the human head. The results obtained are compared and reported to the standards and legislation in force on human occupational exposure, to verify that the limits are met.
A novel approach for power load forecast based on GAN data augmentation
Authors: Boicea V A , Ulmeanu A P , Vulpe-Grigoraşi A
Published: October 2022

At present, the concept of Smart Grid is intimately related to huge volumes of data generation, known as Big Data. These play a key role as far as the improvement of the network operation is concerned and, above all, when it comes to energy consumption. Hence the load forecast based on Big Data processing represents a reliable alternative in carrying out an accurate load prediction. As such, a new approach for the power load forecast, based on GAN data augmentation, for a hospital, within a Smart Grid, will be presented in this work.
Digitalizing the life-saving mechanical surgical staplers, for better outcomes in the surgical field
Authors: Dîrzu C V , Munteanu M S
Published: October 2022

This paper attempts to demonstrate the need of implementing data transfer solutions from a mechanical surgical stapler to a display contained in a surgical image chain system, used broadly in any operating theatre, and bring a valid technical solution to fulfil this need. The object of the writing is to present a working electronic system that can be implemented in a circular surgical stapler and bring solid conclusions after testing on animal tissue. The setup contains an Arduino-based system that is capable to detect the pressure exercised on a tissue and display the results on a monitor that is easy to be seen by all the surgical team members, using a wireless connection. The system’s role is to provide information to every surgeon in the OR and give them the opportunity to make a collective decision regarding the moment of firing the surgical stapler, in the safest conditions.
Electronic upgrades to a purely mechanical surgical stapler, for better outcomes in a vital surgical maneuver
Authors: Dirzu C V , Munteanu M S
Published: October 2022

This paper attempts to demonstrate the need of implementing an electronic system to collect data, command and control a surgical mechanical stapler, being broadly used in most of the intestinal resections for different pathologies. By implementing this electronic system, we will be able to eliminate some of the most important risk factors in the instrument steps to use, that can bring critical damage to the patient outcomes. The object of the writing is to present a working electronic system that can improve the use of such a device and to bring solid conclusions after testing on animal tissue. The setup contains an Arduino-based system that is capable to sense the pressure exercised on a tissue and automatically control the tension applied to it, before reaching a critical point to irreversibly damage the tissue. The system’s role is to eliminate the risks of human errors when using the surgical stapler and automatize the entire process, easing the overloaded and stressful workflow of the surgeons.
Low-cost monitoring system for temperature and pressure in steam sterilizer
Authors: Ivaşcu D A , Ciubucă R , Lodin A , Munteanu M
Published: October 2022

This article presents the implementation of an electronic system for checking the pressure and temperature of a steam sterilizer, designed for dental offices. As the system was developed on the Arduino platform, the developed prototype has the advantage of a low-cost system (about 120 Euros), but in the same time it has the accuracy of measurements, the results obtained being consistent with the data measured using a reference system (Datalogger produced by Tecnosoft Italy).
Plasma surface pretreatment to improve interfacial adhesion strengths of sputtered Cu on polyimide film
Authors: Wang Enze , Song Yutao , Shang Lunlin , Zhang Guangan , Wang Shunhua
Published: October 2022

The development of electronic communication and related fields puts forward urgent requirements for the research and development of high-frequency and high-speed flexible copper-clad laminate coating technology. However, magnetron sputtering technology faces the problem of poor adhesion between flexible metal films and polymer substrates. This study introduces reactive chemical groups on the PI surface to improve wettability and produce functional groups conducive to bonding with metals. The results showed that plasma pretreatment increases the surface roughness and increases the surface energy of PI films. Furthermore, the surface chemical structure of PI was changed. It was found that the adhesion strength of the Cu film and PI substrate was related to the formation of C-N functional groups. Results indicated that Cu films deposited on PI pretreat with Ar-N2 plasma have higher density and lower porosity. Moreover, the adhesion test revealed that the adhesion properties of Cu and PI were significantly improved by plasma pretreat.
Surface energetics mediated charge transfer and exciton transfer in cation-adsorbed rubrene/PbS nanocrystal hybrids
Authors: Qiao Jia-Wei , Chen Zhi-Hao , Liu He-Yuan , Li Xi-You , Guo Jia-Jia , Qin Chao-Chao , Wang Xingzhu , Pu Yong-Jin , Hao Xiao-Tao
Published: October 2022

Organic molecule and inorganic nanocrystal (NC) hybrids have become a promising platform for photon energy conversion. Although surface energetics modification has proven effective in promoting triplet energy transfer, singlet energy transfer and charge transfer have been barely investigated. Here, we systematically clarify the photophysical dynamics of charge, singlet exciton, and triplet exciton within the energy conversion process based on hybrids of rubrene and Cd2+-adsorbed PbS NCs. It is found that a considerable number of charges in rubrene molecules can be transferred to cation-induced surface states in the ∼2 ps time scale with high efficiency to trigger a delayed biexciton effect, which provides a novel approach to uncover the intermediate role of NC surface states. For the triplet exciton, strong interaction with surface states is investigated with a recycling energy transfer of around 14% efficiency, which is found to be insensitive to changes in NC surface energetics. As a result, the maximum photoluminescence lifetime of PbS NCs was enhanced by about 38%. This work reveals the neglected photo-physical dynamics in the transfer process between organic molecules/inorganic NCs and validates the capability of the surface state in sensitization of organic charges and excitons.
Water driven phase transitions in Prussian white cathode materials
Authors: Nielsen Ida , Dzodan Dj , Ojwang D O , Henry P F , Ulander A , Ek G , Häggström L , Ericsson T , Boström H L B , Brant W R
Published: October 2022

Prussian white (PW,

N

a

2

Fe

Fe

CN

6

⋅

z

H

2

O

) is a promising cathode material for use in sodium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications, which demand long cycling life-times. However, for non-aqueous battery applications PW must not contain any water, and yet dehydration induces a large volume change destabilizing the structure and reducing the cycling life. The material undergoes multiple phase transitions as a function of both the sodium and water content, however, the mechanism behind is poorly understood. Here, we use neutron diffraction to explore the influence of water on the structure of PW. For the first time, two structures for a single composition of PW were observed near room temperature independent of the synthesis method. These structures differ in the FeN6 and FeC6 octahedral tilting configurations, which is connected to the ordering of water in the framework. The removal of water modulates the magnitude of pre-existing structural distortions, if it is itself disordered within the structure, rather than modifying the nature of the distortions. These results provide a robust fundamental understanding of the chemical driving force impacting the nature and magnitude of structural distortions in Prussian blue analogues. The insights provide guidance for designing tilt-engineering ultimately enabling new materials with enhanced long-term electrochemical performance in battery applications.