bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal self-excitation in a class of mechanical systems by nonlinear displacement feedback
Authors: Malas Anindya , Chatterjee Shyamal
Published: May 2016

Many devices and processes utilize self-excited oscillation to enhance performance. Recently, much research work has been devoted to the induction of self-excited oscillation in mechanical systems by nonlinear feedback. The present paper investigates the efficacy of a displacement feedback technique in generating self-excited oscillation at the desired mode(s) in a multiple degrees-of-freedom mechanical system. The controller couples the system with a bank of second-order filters and generates the required control force as a nonlinear function of the filter output. The describing function method theoretically explores the dynamics of the system with the control law. The control cost of the controller is studied for the proper choice of the filter parameters. The analytical results are substantiated by the numerical simulation results. The present study reveals that the proposed control laws, if used in an appropriate way, can generate self-excited oscillation in the system at the desired mode(s).
Obstacles and Opportunities for Preparing Competent Journalists at Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Sahid
Published: May 2016

This paper reports on a survey of the resources and capabilities, including infrastructure and logistics in 14 university-level Bangladeshi journalism institutions. Progress of the university journalism programmes is hampered by poorly resourced convergent news laboratory, shortage of research and teaching staff with professional media experience. It posits that university journalism programmes in Bangladesh, regardless of their ideological inclinations, should revamp their curriculum to emphasize on practical courses so as to keep pace with changing technologies in the newsroom.
Oil film boundary analysis of spiral oil wedge sleeve bearing based on the dynamic loading conditions
Authors: Wang Li-li , Wang Min , Hu Xiao-dong , Su Chun-jian
Published: May 2016

The area and location of cavitation change with time in the condition of dynamic loading. The cavitation location of sleeve bearing not only depends on axis location and velocity at a certain moment but also is affected by cavitation history, so the boundary condition need to be defined in the solution of lubrication equation. Based on the balance of axial inertia force, oil film force, and dynamic loading, the motion equation, generalized Reynolds equation and oil film thickness equation of spiral oil wedge sleeve bearing are established. The results show that the cavitation location and carrying capacity vary periodically with the change in time. The effect of dynamic loading and rotational speed on the oil film cavitation and carrying capacity is studied.
Interpreting the interpreter: Navigating translation, interpretation, and mediation
Authors: Skjelsbæk Inger
Published: May 2016

As a psychologist who has conducted research interviews in a foreign language setting, I have found that the methodological literature does not provide needed insights on how to tackle the issue of interpreters and the following article is an attempt to untangle some of the methodological and theoretical concerns this situation entails. The starting point of analysis is the qualitative research interview and discusses what the methodological challenges and theoretical opportunities data gathering through interviews with the help of interpreters might entail.
Coping strategies among patients newly diagnosed with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis at baseline and after 24 months
Authors: Gåfvels Catharina , Hägerström Margareta , Rane Kristina , Wajngot Alexandre , Wändell Per E
Published: May 2016

Patients aged 18–65 years with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus ( n = 89) or rheumatoid arthritis ( n = 100) were studied by the General Coping Questionnaire at baseline and after 24 months. In total, 34 diabetes mellitus and 46 rheumatoid arthritis patients were diagnosed with psychosocial problems. The use of negative coping strategies, such as protest, isolation, and intrusion, was associated mostly with being classified as having psychosocial problems. With the risk of experiencing a strong impact of the disease at 2 years of follow-up as outcome, intrusion was a significant and independent risk factor, while minimization was a significant and independent protective factor.
The Red Power(less) Tie
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S.
Published: May 2016

Research has demonstrated that wearing red can have significant effects on perceptions of the wearer. However, these findings are based on impressions formed while viewing static images. Here, I focus on perceptions of political leaders and show participants short videos in order to investigate color effects in stimuli with increased ecological validity. Viewers watched videos of politicians and made judgments regarding how dominant, how good a leader, and how believable the politicians appeared to be. The colors of the politicians’ ties were digitally manipulated to be red or blue. Whether the politician was familiar (Study 1) or unfamiliar to viewers (Study 2), tie color had no effect on perceptions. Even when the sound was muted in order to increase the influence of visual cues (Study 3), I found no clothing color effect. Finally, when only presented with a static image (Study 4), wearing red still had no effect on judgments. These results suggest that, at least in a political setting, wearing red has no effect on perceptions. Therefore, real-world applications associated with red clothing may be limited.
Locke, natural law and civil peace: Reply to Tate
Authors: Bou-Habib Paul
Published: May 2016

In this comment, I reply to two objections John Tate raises against my discussion of the trajectory of Locke's ideas on toleration (in an earlier article published in EJPT, ‘Locke’s Tracts and the Anarchy of the Religious Conscience’) Tate maintains that I misunderstand the role of natural law and civil peace in Locke's thought. I defend my interpretation of the role of natural law and show that Tate is mistaken in his claim that Locke's concern to preserve civil peace conflicted with his separate concern to protect individual rights.
Adolescents’ Legal Socialization
Authors: Vidal Sarah , Cleary Hayley , Woolard Jennifer , Michel Jaime
Published: May 2016

This study examined how detained youths’ ( N = 98) actual experiences with the law, including frequency of contact with the police and knowledge about the Miranda warning and interrogation practices, relate to their perceptions of support, fairness, and trust toward the police. Results show that more police contacts were associated with lower perceived obligation to obey the law and higher cynicism toward the law and also moderated the relationships between age and police legitimacy and race/ethnicity and police legitimacy and procedural justice. Comprehension of the Miranda warning was associated with lower perceived obligation to obey the law and procedural justice, and knowledge about police interrogation practices was associated with lower perceived police legitimacy. These findings suggest the potential of legal socialization as a mechanism for intervention among offending adolescents; programs that promote positive youth–police interactions may help minimize negative attitudes and foster perceptions of trust and fairness toward the police.
Parental Estimation of Their Child’s Increased Type 1 Diabetes Risk During the First 2 Years of Participation in an International Observational Study
Authors: Swartling Ulrica , Lynch Kristian , Smith Laura , Johnson Suzanne Bennett ,   TEDDY Study Group
Published: May 2016

This study assessed mothers’ and fathers’ perception of their child’s risk of getting type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the first 2 years of their participation in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. TEDDY parents were informed of their child’s increased genetic risk for T1D at study inception. Parent perception of the child’s risk was assessed at 3, 6, 15, and 27 months of age. In families with no history of T1D, underestimation of the child’s T1D risk was common in mothers (>38%) and more so in fathers (>50%). The analyses indicated that parental education, country of residence, family history of T1D, household crowding, ethnic minority status, and beliefs that the child’s T1D risk can be reduced were factors associated with parental risk perception accuracy. Even when given extensive information about their child’s T1D risk, parents often fail to accurately grasp the information provided. This is particularly true for fathers, families from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and those with no family history of T1D. It is important to develop improved tools for risk communication tailored to individual family needs.
Knowledge of the Nigerian Code of Health Research Ethics Among Biomedical Researchers in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunrin Olubunmi A. , Daniel Folasade , Ansa Victor
Published: May 2016

Responsibility for protection of research participants from harm and exploitation rests on Research Ethics Committees and principal investigators. The Nigerian National Code of Health Research Ethics defines responsibilities of stakeholders in research so its knowledge among researchers will likely aid ethical conduct of research. The levels of awareness and knowledge of the Code among biomedical researchers in southern Nigerian research institutions was assessed. Four institutions were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Research participants were selected by purposive sampling and completed a pre-tested structured questionnaire. A total of 102 biomedical researchers completed the questionnaires. Thirty percent of the participants were aware of the National Code though 64% had attended at least one training seminar in research ethics. Twenty-five percent had a fairly acceptable knowledge (scores 50%-74%) and 10% had excellent knowledge of the code (score ≥75%). Ninety-five percent expressed intentions to learn more about the National Code and agreed that it is highly relevant to the ethical conduct of research. Awareness and knowledge of the Code were found to be very limited among biomedical researchers in southern Nigeria. There is need to improve awareness and knowledge through ethics seminars and training. Use of existing Nigeria-specific online training resources is also encouraged.
Repeat Victimization Among Intimate Partner Violence Victims: The Impact of Guardianship
Authors: Hayes Brittany E.
Published: May 2016

Despite progress in the application of routine activity theory to violence against women, much remains unknown about guardianship. The current study examined if presence of a capable adult guardian limited the risk of revictimization by an intimate partner, controlling for social support ( N = 497). Analyses tested differential impacts of guardians by examining if the presence of the victim’s friends/family, abuser’s friends/family, and/or bystander during the earliest reported physical abuse incident or threat of abuse affected likelihood of revictimization within a year. Odds of revictimization decreased by 60% when the earliest reported physical abuse incident or threat of abuse occurred in the presence of the respondent’s friends/family. Implications for practices and research suggestions are discussed.
Effects of Smoking Status on Device Survival Among Individuals Undergoing Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement
Authors: Godwin Christina A. , Linder Brian J. , Rivera Marcelino E. , Ziegelmann Matthew J. , Elliott Daniel S.
Published: May 2016

Smoking is an established risk factor for wound complications. There is limited data on the impact of smoking on artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess AUS device survival outcomes based on smoking status. From 1985 to 2014, 1,270 patients underwent AUS placement with 728 having smoking status available for review. Smoking status was categorized as never, prior, and active smokers. Kaplan−Meier analysis was performed to evaluate differences in survival, including overall device and erosion/infection−free survival. Hazard regression analysis was utilized to determine the association between smoking and device outcomes. Of the 728 patients in the study, 401 had a history of smoking with 41 active smokers and 360 never smokers at the time of AUS implant. When compared with nonsmokers, past smokers had a higher rate of hypertension and prior transient ischemic attack. Clinical comorbidities were similar between nonsmokers and active smokers. On univariate analysis, patient age, history of transient ischemic attack, diabetes, and coronary artery disease were significantly associated with infection/erosion rate, but prior or active smoking statuses were not. Likewise, when comparing smokers (past or active) with lifelong nonsmokers, there was no significant difference in 1- and 5-year overall device survival. There was no evidence for adverse AUS outcomes in current or past smokers compared with nonsmokers. Given the established risk of perioperative complications secondary to smoking, the recommendation should still be to counsel patients to quit prior to undergoing AUS placement. External validation of these findings is needed.
Lifestyle Modification in Secondary Prevention
Authors: Brinks Jenna , Fowler Amy , Franklin Barry A. , Dulai Jassu
Published: May 2016

Despite significant advances in medical technology and pharmacology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major contributor to health care expenses and the leading cause of death in the United States. Patients with established CVD and their health care providers are challenged with achieving cardiovascular risk reduction to decrease the likelihood of recurrent cardiovascular events. This “secondary prevention” can be achieved, in part, through adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapies that favorably modify major coronary risk factors (ie, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity). However, lifestyle modification can also be helpful in this regard, providing independent and additive benefits to the associated reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, physicians and other health care providers should routinely counsel their coronary patients to engage in structured exercise and increased lifestyle physical activity, consume a heart-healthy diet, quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke, and purposefully address psychosocial stressors that may elevate cardiovascular risk. These lifestyle interventions, either as an adjunct to medication therapy or independently in those patients where medications may be poorly tolerated, cost prohibitive, or ineffective, can significantly decrease cardiovascular mortality and the risk of recurrent cardiac events.
Development of a trajectory following vehicle control model
Authors: Uzunsoy Erdem , Erkilic Veysel
Published: May 2016

Determination of the handling properties of a vehicle may be restrictive in some situations. A vehicle model coupled with a driver model may be necessary and even unavoidable to analyse the real road behaviour in the most basic form. Therefore, a fuzzy logic–based controller has been investigated for potential application in modelling driver. Using some particular and limited number of information from characteristics of human driving operation, the model aims to provide any flexible vehicle path reliably. It generates the vehicle’s trajectory through a number of specified points through which the vehicle must pass. The controller was modified to account for peripheral vision characteristic of human eye, as an input. The simulation is carried out in the MATLAB© programming environment using a Simulink© vehicle model. Both longitudinal and lateral controls were applied in the study. This article adds novel approaches to the limited existing published work on driver steering model using fuzzy logic.
‘Opening the door’: A qualitative interpretive study of women’s experiences of being asked about intimate partner violence and receiving an intervention during perinatal home visits in rural and urban settings in the USA
Authors: Bacchus Loraine J , Bullock Linda , Sharps Phyllis , Burnett Camille , Schminkey Donna , Buller Ana Maria , Campbell Jacquelyn
Published: May 2016

This study explored women’s experiences of being screened for intimate partner violence and receiving an intervention during perinatal home visits in urban and rural settings in the USA. Twenty-six women were recruited from the DOVE (Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visit) intervention trial to participate in a nested qualitative interpretive study. Women valued the opportunity to discuss their intimate partner violence experiences and access support. Disclosure was a staged process and home visitor communication style and the development of a trusting relationship were influencing factors. Safety planning was an important feature of the DOVE intervention, whether the abuse was past or ongoing. Women highlighted the need for post-abuse support services. Perinatal home visitors require training in intimate partner violence that supports the development of good communication skills and provides opportunities for experiential learning and feedback with regards to asking about and responding to intimate partner violence. Reinforcement training activities are necessary in order to enhance home visitor’s confidence and comfort, and sustain practice. Rigorous protocols are needed to ensure the safety of home visitors and women.
Factors predicting desired autonomy in medical decisions: Risk-taking and gambling behaviors
Authors: Fortune Erica E , Shotwell Jessica J , Buccellato Kiara , Moran Erin
Published: May 2016

This study investigated factors that influence patients’ desired level of autonomy in medical decisions. Analyses included previously supported demographic variables in addition to risk-taking and gambling behaviors, which exhibit a strong relationship with overall health and decision-making, but have not been investigated in conjunction with medical autonomy. Participants ( N = 203) completed measures on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, including two measures of autonomy. Two hierarchical regressions revealed that the predictors explained a significant amount of variance for both measures, but the contribution of predictor variables was incongruent between models. Possible causes for this incongruence and implications for patient–physician interactions are discussed.
Antileishmanial Activity of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L) Fruit and Pit Extracts In Vitro
Authors: Albakhit Sedighe , Khademvatan Shahram , Doudi Monir , Foroutan-Rad Masoud
Published: May 2016

Leishmaniasis is considered as a major public health problem worldwide. Current drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis have some limitations; thus, the current study was aimed to assess the methanolic extracts of pit and fruit of Phoenix dactylifera against Leishmania major promastigotes. L major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI 1640 and incubated at 25°C ± 1°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For obtaining the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value, MTT assay was employed. Furthermore, promastigotes were examined in terms of morphology under light microscope. About 48 hours after treatment, IC50s were estimated 23 μg/mL and 500 mg/mL for methanolic extracts of pit and fruit of P dactylifera, respectively. Both extracts exhibited a dose and time-dependent antileishmanial activity against L major parasites. Also, some visible morphological changes were seen. This finding revealed both date fruit and pit, are effective against L major promastigotes. Further studies should be designed in future based on apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo.
Determinants of Savings in Sukanya Samriddhi Account: Evidence from Tripura
Authors: Deb Rajat
Published: May 2016

The financial inclusion models that have been implemented successfully in various parts of India have not gained momentum in North East India. The inherent characteristics of the states in this region and the prominence of several informal financial systems are some of the reasons for the failure of the formal financial inclusion models. This study made an attempt to examine the determinants of savings under the Sukanya Samriddhi Account (SSA), a formal financial inclusion scheme advocated by the Government of India for the betterment of girl children. The study area comprised the eight districts of Tripura, one of the states of North East India. The data for the case study was collected through scheduled interviews with 225 respondents, who had a girl child below the age of 10 years. The results, arrived at through a statistical analysis, showed that the pivotal catalysts determining the decisions whether to invest in the SSA scheme were: gender, age, level of income, family size and income, financial literacy, uncertainty of income and planning for child’s education, marriage and house. The relevance of the finding of the study in terms of policy-making has been highlighted.
Estimating Poverty Including Social Expenditure: Adequacy and Implications of New Official Methods in the Context of Urban India
Authors: Bhattacharya Ruchira
Published: May 2016

This article examines the adequacy of private expenditure on education and health in the All India urban Poverty Line Basket (PLB) proposed by the Tendulkar Committee. Estimating the normative expenditures for education and health care and comparing them with the level of expenditure at poverty lines suggested by the Tendulkar Committee, the article observes that the revised PLB does not satisfy the normative level of expenditure required at the poverty line class. Adjusting the starting point of index multiplication upward by adding the normative cost of education and health care to the existing PLB, it attempts to answer the question whether households can afford adequate expenditure on education and medical care if they are simply provided with the value required. The results show that the normative expenditure is unmet even after an upward revision and that the poverty line monthly expenditure level, where households actually spend the normative amount of social expenditure, is far above the PLB. The other implication is that targeting based on a poverty line that does not satisfy social expenditure will leave out impoverished households. The article concludes that households at the poverty line class cannot take the social expenditure burden, nor can a transfer of adequate value make them capable of spending it. Rather, the social services should be provided by the government to all households so that they do not have to bear the expenses and that targeting is not required.
Salmonella Typhi–Induced Septic Shock and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Previously Healthy Teenage Patient Treated With High-Dose Dexamethasone
Authors: Ugas Melissa Brosset , Carroll Timothy , Kovar Lacey , Chavez-Bueno Susana
Published: May 2016

Typhoid fever is commonly characterized by fever and abdominal pain. Rare complications include intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, delirium, obtundation, and septic shock. Herein we describe the case of a previously healthy 16-year-old male without history of travel, diagnosed with typhoid fever complicated by septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-dose dexamethasone. This case details severe complications of typhoid fever that are uncommonly seen in developed countries, and the successful response to high-dose dexamethasone as adjunct therapy. High-dose dexamethasone treatment has reportedly decreased Salmonella Typhi mortality, but controlled studies specifically performed in children are lacking, and most reports of its use are over 30 years old and all have originated in developing countries. Providers should include Salmonella Typhi in the differential diagnosis of the pediatric patient with fever, severe abdominal pain, and enteritis, and be aware of its potentially severe complications and the limited data on safety and efficacy of adjunctive therapies that can be considered in addition to antibiotics.
From Oversight to Autonomy
Authors: Allison Rachel
Published: May 2016

Expectations of women’s lower competence to men inform divisions of labor and authority in sport organizations. While recent research has focused on overt challenge to gendered expectations, few studies examine how organizational gender relations change without direct acknowledgment of gender and inequality. I rely on participant observation and interview data collected with the Momentum, one U.S. women’s professional soccer team, to examine how practices of paternalistic oversight shifted to allow greater autonomy for women. Unexpectedly low home game attendance initiated group sensemaking around the effectiveness of marketing practices. One group, comprised primarily of women, embraced grassroots marketing, while a second group, comprised entirely of men, felt this strategy was ineffective. Sensemaking took place in context of a male dominance that gave men the ability to marginalize women’s perspectives despite women’s positional authority. Change occurred when several men left what they felt to be a struggling organization, with the altered gender composition of staff enabling women’s greater control over their work. I discuss the implications of this example of change for future research on gender in sport organizations.
Incidental Finding
Authors: Polito Helen
Published: May 2016

Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula is a rare anomaly that is usually found incidentally by echocardiogram or by angiography. A case is presented of an asymptomatic male infant with a continuous heart murmur that was referred to pediatric cardiology. Echocardiographic findings of a coronary arteriovenous fistula are shown and treatment discussed.
Automated prostate tissue referencing for cancer detection and diagnosis
Authors: Kwak Jin Tae , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kajdacsy-Balla André Alexander , Sinha Saurabh , Bhargava Rohit
Published: May 2016

Background

The current practice of histopathology review is limited in speed and accuracy. The current diagnostic paradigm does not fully describe the complex and complicated patterns of cancer. To address these needs, we develop an automated and objective system that facilitates a comprehensive and easy information management and decision-making. We also develop a tissue similarity measure scheme to broaden our understanding of tissue characteristics.

Results

The system includes a database of previously evaluated prostate tissue images, clinical information and a tissue retrieval process. In the system, a tissue is characterized by its morphology. The retrieval process seeks to find the closest matching cases with the tissue of interest. Moreover, we define 9 morphologic criteria by which a pathologist arrives at a histomorphologic diagnosis. Based on the 9 criteria, true tissue similarity is determined and serves as the gold standard of tissue retrieval. Here, we found a minimum of 4 and 3 matching cases, out of 5, for ~80 % and ~60 % of the queries when a match was defined as the tissue similarity score ≥5 and ≥6, respectively. We were also able to examine the relationship between tissues beyond the Gleason grading system due to the tissue similarity scoring system.

Conclusions

Providing the closest matching cases and their clinical information with pathologists will help to conduct consistent and reliable diagnoses. Thus, we expect the system to facilitate quality maintenance and quality improvement of cancer pathology.
The use of a modified abbé island flap to reconstruct primary lip defects of over 80 %
Authors: Filimon Sabin , Richardson Keith , Hier Michael P. , Roskies Michael , Mlynarek Alex M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Lip reconstruction for defects greater than 80 % present a challenge in maintaining acceptable oral function and good aesthetic results. Abbé flaps offer an excellent reconstructive option but are limited to defects under 65 %.

Methods

We describe a two-stage “modified Abbé island flap” technique whereby a full-thickness myocutaneous flap is combined with a modified Karapandzic flap, allowing for reconstruction of total and near total lip defects.

Results

Six patients underwent successful two-stage lower and upper lip reconstruction with this technique. Oral competence and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes were achieved in all six cases. There were no complications. Although microstomia was noted to a certain extent, we argue this impact to be less than the morbidity of a free flap that lacks sphincteric function.

Conclusion

The “Modified Abbé Island Flap” can be used to reconstruct near-total lip defects using locally innervated, well-vascularized tissues that recreate the oral sphincter and restore oral competence. The combination of the conventional Abbé flap with a modified Karapandzic flap provides reliable results and significantly reduces operating time.
Introduction to this special section: Honoring Mike Batzle
Authors: Hofmann Ronny , Adam Ludmila
Published: May 2016

The work of Mike Batzle has been — and continues to be — an inspiration to rock physicists around the world. In the basement of the Green Center of the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), which houses the Center for Rock Abuse, and before that at ARCO and MIT, Batzle was ceaselessly brewing up new ways to unlock the properties hidden inside rocks and their fluids. In this special section, we present contributions of researchers who either collaborated with Batzle or were inspired by the results he and his students have shared over the last decades.
Frequency-dependent wave velocities in sediments and sedimentary rocks: Laboratory measurements and evidences
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Bhuiyan Mohammad Hossain , Fjær Erling , Holt Rune M. , Lozovyi Serhii , Pohl Mathias , Szewczyk Dawid
Published: May 2016

The pioneering work of Mike Batzle and his colleagues has provided a fundamental understanding of mechanisms behind dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated rocks. It also has made way for a realization that these phenomena need to be accounted for in a better way when interpreting seismic and sonic data from the field. Laboratory experiments have formed the basis for new insight in the past and will continue to do so. Here, examples of experimental observations that give direct or indirect evidence for dispersion in sand, sandstone, and shale are presented. Ultrasonic data from compaction tests show that Biot flow is the most likely dispersion mechanism in pure unconsolidated sand. Strong shale dispersion has been identified through low-frequency and low-strain quasistatic measurements and through a novel technique based on static loading and unloading measurements. In shale and sandstone containing clay, there is evidence for water weakening. A comparative study shows an example where the stress dependences of P- and S-wave velocities at seismic frequencies exceed those measured by traditional ultrasonic methods.
Rock-physics models for heavy-oil and organic-solid substitution
Authors: Saxena Nishank , Mavko Gary , Hofmann Ronny , Gurevich Boris , Glubokovskikh Stanislav , Aliyeva Sabrina , Dutta Priyanka
Published: May 2016

Rock-physics models are often needed to interpret fluid signatures from subsurface seismic data. Over the last decade or so, generalized fluid- and solid-substitution equations have been derived for estimating the exact change in seismic velocity or rock moduli upon changes in properties of quasisolids (e.g., heavy oil, bitumen, kerogen, ice, and salt) for the specified model conditions. However, these exact and mathematically elegant substitution equations fundamentally require details of rock microstructure, which are seldom known. Still, for problems involving solid or fluid substitution in rocks with heterogeneous pores, a rigorous solution range can be predicted using recently derived substitution bounds. These bounds only require total rock porosity, which can be inferred easily from geophysical data. In fact, Gassmann's equations are one of the lower bounds on the change in rock moduli upon fluid substitution, but, for solid substitution, Gassmann's predictions can be outside the bounds. Thus, for solid substitution, the lower bound itself is a better model than Gassmann. If additional microstructural parameters are known, it is possible to further constrain solid substitution or fluid substitution for heterogeneous rocks using the solid-squirt models. The solution range can be further constrained using additional effective moduli measurements of the same rock but filled with materials of varied elastic properties.
Interpreting direct hydrocarbon indicators of low-API biodegraded oils — A case study from a deepwater South Atlantic Basin
Authors: Bryndzia L. Taras , Saxena Nishank , Dolan Sean S. , Kittridge Mark G. , Rosenquist Mark L. , Braunsdorf Neil R.
Published: May 2016

Strong seismic flat spots are typically associated with the oil/water contact (OWC) in many amplitude-supported deepwater South Atlantic Basin (SAB) discoveries, particularly in relatively shallow (∼2000 mbml), high-porosity unconsolidated Eocene-age reservoirs. These reservoirs contain biodegraded oils that have low API gravity, low gas-oil ratios, high viscosities, and fluid acoustic velocities between 4500 and 5000 ft/s. Often, a mismatch in amplitude is noted when comparing an observed seismic-amplitude response with a synthetic forward model generated using sonic logging data. These observations can be attributed to the high viscosity (low API gravity) of biodegraded oil that can lead to wave-induced heterogeneous pore pressure at logging frequencies, thus deviating from a key assumption in Gassmann's fluid-substitution theory. These dispersion effects can lead to significantly slower acoustic velocities of these oil-bearing reservoirs at seismic frequencies than those measured at logging frequencies. Using a generalized fluid/solid-substitution theory, we model this change in acoustic velocity and find that the theory can explain the observed bright-spot response.
Combining burial history and rock-physics modeling to constrain AVO analysis during exploration
Authors: Avseth Per , Lehocki Ivan
Published: May 2016

We use combined burial history and rock-physics modeling of sand and shale to predict expected amplitude variation with offset (AVO) signatures and seismic fluid sensitivities for a given burial history. The advantage with this approach is that we can extrapolate away from wells in areas with complex tectonics. Furthermore, we can use depth trends derived from local burial history to create AVO probability density functions (PDFs) for calibration and classification of AVO attributes in a given area. We demonstrate the use of these techniques on two hydrocarbon discoveries with different burial histories: the Alvheim Field in the North Sea and the Skalle Field in the Barents Sea.
SPE/SEG workshop: Injection-induced seismicity — Engineering integration, evaluation, and mitigation
Authors: Maxwell Shawn
Published: May 2016

An insightful technical workshop took place 28–30 March 2016 in Fort Worth, Texas, to discuss topics related to injection-induced seismicity. The workshop followed two previous events (September 2012 in Broomfield, Colorado, USA, and September 2014 in Banff, Alberta, Canada), which were held in cooperation between SEG and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). The workshop series has mirrored the evolving technical understanding of this important issue, as injection-induced seismicity has continued to develop over the last several years. While the previous two workshops focused primarily on seismology, the recent Fort Worth workshop purposely focused on engineering considerations. Similar to the previous two workshops, the Fort Worth workshop sold out, and a waiting list was established to handle the overflow.
Reviews
Authors: Bartel David , Bevc Dimitri
Published: May 2016

Flow in Porous Rocks — Energy and Environmental Applications, by A. W. Woods, ISBN 978-1-107-06585-7, 2015, Cambridge University Press, 289 p., US$110 (print), US$88 (eBook). Elements of Crustal Geomechanics, by François Henri Cornet, ISBN 978-0-521-87578-3, 2015, Cambridge University Press, 490 p., US$95 (print), US$76 (eBook).
Few Amino Acid Exchanges Expand the Substrate Spectrum of Monocarboxylate Transporter 10*
Authors: Johannes Jörg , Braun Doreen , Kinne Anita , Rathmann Daniel , Köhrle Josef , Schweizer Ulrich
Published: May 2016

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) belong to the SLC16 family within the major facilitator superfamily of transmembrane transporters. MCT8 is a thyroid hormone transporter mutated in the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, a severe psychomotor retardation syndrome. MCT10 is closely related to MCT8 and is known as T-type amino acid transporter. Both transporters mediate T3 transport, but although MCT8 also transports rT3 and T4, these compounds are not efficiently transported by MCT10, which, in contrast, transports aromatic amino acids. Based on the 58% amino acid identity within the transmembrane regions among MCT8 and MCT10, we reasoned that substrate specificity may be primarily determined by a small number of amino acid differences between MCT8 and MCT10 along the substrate translocation channel. Inspecting the homology model of MCT8 and a structure-guided alignment between both proteins, we selected 8 amino acid positions and prepared chimeric MCT10 proteins with selected amino acids changed to the corresponding amino acids in MCT8. The MCT10 mutant harboring 8 amino acid substitutions was stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney 1 cells and found to exhibit T4 transport activity. We then successively reduced the number of amino acid substitutions and eventually identified a minimal set of 2–3 amino acid exchanges which were sufficient to allow T4 transport. The resulting MCT10 chimeras exhibited KM values for T4 similar to MCT8 but transported T4 at a slower rate. The acquisition of T4 transport by MCT10 was associated with complete loss of the capacity to transport Phe, when Tyr184 was mutated to Phe.
Whose Game Is It Anyway? A People's History of East German Football
Authors: McDougall Alan
Published: May 2016

Turning away from star players and secret police surveillance, this article provides a history of East German football from below, examining the role of the people's game in shaping everyday life in the socialist state. Analyzing issues of class, gender, and youth culture as they related to three aspects of recreational football culture—men's workplace teams, women's football, and fan clubs—it argues that the sport, like few other leisure pursuits, illustrates the complex relationship between politics and pleasure in a one-party dictatorship. Football was an unusually visible, versatile, regular, and unpredictable means of giving voice and agency to ordinary East Germans, a place of multiple networks (both formal and informal) from which communist power was often excluded.
Race, Economics, and the Shifting Politics of Sport Media
Authors: Oates Thomas P.
Published: May 2016

In the past several decades, a new narrative framework for American football in the United States has been offered to mainstream consumers. In a number of entertainments, notably fantasy football, fans are invited to enjoy National Football League (NFL) games through the lens of cool, dispassionate analysis. This article traces how this framework entered mainstream media coverage of the NFL through the CBS pregame program The NFL Today, highlighting the role of former Las Vegas oddsmaker Jimmy “the Greek” Snyder as a studio analyst. The new framework introduced to mainstream coverage corresponds with a growing presence of black players in the NFL and expresses the racial politics of an emerging neoliberal order.
Teaching Forum on Sport and Politics
Authors: Alegi Peter , Bass Amy , Burgos Adrian , Elsey Brenda , Saavedra Martha
Published: May 2016

University courses on sport and society have increased exponentially over the past decade, motored by student interest and the acceptance of cultural studies in the academy. This online forum, organized and coordinated by Peter Alegi, took place in the summer of 2015. Four historians and a political scientist discussed how their historical research on sport influences their teaching and helps students better understand the relationships between sport and politics. After answering three rounds of questions, respondents had the opportunity to read everyone's answers and edit their own responses.
Development-on-chip: in vitro neural tube patterning with a microfluidic device
Authors: Demers Christopher J. , Soundararajan Prabakaran , Chennampally Phaneendra , Cox Gregory A. , Briscoe James , Collins Scott D. , Smith Rosemary L.
Published: May 2016

Embryogenesis is a highly regulated process in which the precise spatial and temporal release of soluble cues directs differentiation of multipotent stem cells into discrete populations of specialized adult cell types. In the spinal cord, neural progenitor cells are directed to differentiate into adult neurons through the action of mediators released from nearby organizing centers, such as the floor plate and paraxial mesoderm. These signals combine to create spatiotemporal diffusional landscapes that precisely regulate the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, in vivo and ex vivo studies of these signaling factors present some inherent ambiguity. In vitro methods are preferred for their enhanced experimental clarity but often lack the technical sophistication required for biological realism. In this article, we present a versatile microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the spatial and temporal chemical environments found in vivo during neural tube development. Simultaneous opposing and/or orthogonal gradients of developmental morphogens can be maintained, resulting in neural tube patterning analogous to that observed in vivo.
Recent advances in understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Daccord Cécile , Maher Toby M.
Published: May 2016

Despite major research efforts leading to the recent approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib, the dismal prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unchanged. The elaboration of international diagnostic criteria and disease stratification models based on clinical, physiological, radiological, and histopathological features has improved the accuracy of IPF diagnosis and prediction of mortality risk. Nevertheless, given the marked heterogeneity in clinical phenotype and the considerable overlap of IPF with other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), about 10% of cases of pulmonary fibrosis remain unclassifiable. Moreover, currently available tools fail to detect early IPF, predict the highly variable course of the disease, and assess response to antifibrotic drugs.

Recent advances in understanding the multiple interrelated pathogenic pathways underlying IPF have identified various molecular phenotypes resulting from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental factors. These different disease endotypes appear to confer variable susceptibility to the condition, differing risks of rapid progression, and, possibly, altered responses to therapy. The development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary to enable a more precise and earlier diagnosis of IPF and to improve prediction of future disease behaviour. The availability of approved antifibrotic therapies together with potential new drugs currently under evaluation also highlights the need for biomarkers able to predict and assess treatment responsiveness, thereby allowing individualised treatment based on risk of progression and drug response. This approach of disease stratification and personalised medicine is already used in the routine management of many cancers and provides a potential road map for guiding clinical care in IPF.
Advancing cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: Truskey George A.
Published: May 2016

Cardiovascular tissue engineering offers the promise of biologically based repair of injured and damaged blood vessels, valves, and cardiac tissue. Major advances in cardiovascular tissue engineering over the past few years involve improved methods to promote the establishment and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), scaffolds from decellularized tissue that may produce more highly differentiated tissues and advance clinical translation, improved methods to promote vascularization, and novel in vitro microphysiological systems to model normal and diseased tissue function. iPSC technology holds great promise, but robust methods are needed to further promote differentiation. Differentiation can be further enhanced with chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli.
The rationalization of the management of the territory in the context of the implementation of cluster policy
Authors: Яковлев  , Yakovlev Mikhail , Заплатин  , Zaplatin Roman
Published: May 2016

The analysis of the global economic practice shows that the most cost-effective, competitive and promising direction of development of territories is the use of the cluster approach, which in recent years has become a major tool of economic development strategies in countries with high levels of competitiveness.
Try It, You’ll Like It—Or Will You? The Perils of Early Free-Trial Promotions for High-Tech Service Adoption
Authors: Foubert Bram , Gijsbrechts Els
Published: May 2016

The proliferation of free trials for high-tech services calls for a careful study of their effectiveness, and the drivers thereof. On one hand, free trials can generate new paying subscribers by allowing consumers to become acquainted with the service free of charge. On the other hand, a disappointing trial experience might alienate potential customers, when they decide not to adopt the system and are lost for good. This dilemma is particularly worrisome in early periods, when service quality has not been “tried and tested” in the field, and breakdowns occur. We accommodate these phenomena in a model of consumers’ free-trial and regular adoption decisions. Among other effects, it incorporates usage- and word-of-mouth-based learning about quality in a setting where quality itself is evolving. Consumers are forward-looking in that they account for changes in quality and anticipate uncertainty reduction due to trial usage. We estimate our model and run simulations on the basis of a rich and unique data set that incorporates customers’ trial subscription, adoption, and usage behavior for an interactive digital television service. The results underscore that free trials constitute a double-edged sword, and that timing and consumers’ usage intensity during the trial are key to the effectiveness of these promotions. Implications for managers are also discussed.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0973 .