bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Single‐Cell Atlas of Crab Ovary Provides New Insights Into Oogenesis in Crustaceans
Authors: Lu Li , Wang Tao , Liu An , Ye Haihui
Published: November 2024

Oogenesis is crucial for sexual reproduction and provides the material basis for population continuation. Nonetheless, the identity of the cells involved, the nature of transformation, and underlying regulators of oogenesis in crustaceans remain elusive. Here, an atlas of the ovary is plotted via single‐nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, resulting in five cell types, including germ cells, somatic cells, and three follicle cell types identified, which in turn provides abundant candidate markers for them. Moreover, profiles of ligand‐receptor in different cells of the crab ovary indicate the roles of cell communication in oogenesis. Dozens of transcription factors in the trajectory from oogonia to oocytes as well as the key molecules/pathways in somatic cells and follicle cells relevant to oogenesis are screened, which is evolutionarily conserved and its underlying regulatory mechanism is subject to some modification across various phyla. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of seven markers are further verified and the RNAi confirms the essential roles of piwi and VgR in oogenesis. These data help to elucidate the mechanism underlying gametogenesis and the evolution of reproductive strategy in invertebrates.
Discovery of Balasubramide Derivative with Tissue‐Specific Anti‐Inflammatory Activity Against Acute Lung Injury by Targeting VDAC1
Authors: Song Jin‐Qian , Shen Li‐Juan , Wang Hao‐Jie , Liu Qi‐Bing , Ye Lian‐Bao , Liu Kui , Shi Lei , Cai Bin , Lin Han‐Sen , Pang Tao
Published: November 2024

Macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses including pyroptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute lung injury (ALI), for which there are currently no effective therapeutic treatments. The natural product (+)‐Balasubramide is an eight‐membered lactam compound extracted from the leaves of the Sri Lanka plant Clausena Indica and has shown anti‐inflammatory activities, but its poor pharmacokinetic properties limit its further application for ALI. In this study, a compound (+)3C‐20 is discovered with improved both pharmacokinetic properties and anti‐inflammatory activity from a series of (+)‐Balasubramide derivatives. The compound (+)3C‐20 exhibits a markedly enhanced inhibitory effect against LPS‐induced expressions of pro‐inflammatory factors in mouse macrophages and human PBMCs from ALI patients and shows a preferable lung tissue distribution in mice. (+)3C‐20 remarkably attenuates LPS‐induced ALI through lung tissue‐specific anti‐inflammatory actions. Mechanistically, a chemical proteomics study shows that (+)3C‐20 directly binds to mitochondrial VDAC1 and inhibits VDAC1 oligomerization to block mtDNA release, further preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings identify (+)3C‐20 as a novel VDAC1 inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential for ALI associated with inflammation.
Precise HER2 Protein Degradation via Peptide‐Conjugated Photodynamic Therapy for Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Changyong , Gao Fei , Wu Guoyuan , Li Jinqiu , Sheng Chunquan , He Shipeng , Hu Honggang
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignancy among women, frequently exhibits high HER2 expression, making HER2 a critical therapeutic target. Traditional treatments combining the anti‐HER2 antibody trastuzumab with immunotherapy face limitations due to toxicity and tumor microenvironment immunosuppression. This study introduces an innovative strategy combining HER2‐targeting peptides with the photosensitizer (PSs) pyropheophorbide‐a (Pha) via a gelatinase‐cleavable linker, forming self‐assembling nanoparticles. These nanoparticles actively target breast cancer cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under near‐infrared light, effectively degrading HER2 proteins. Upon internalization, the linker is cleaved, releasing Pha‐PLG and enhancing intracellular photodynamic therapy (PDT). The Pha‐PLG molecules self‐assemble into nanofibers, prolonging circulation, boosting immune induction, and activating CD8+ T cells, thus promoting a robust anti‐tumor immune response. In vivo, studies confirm superior biosafety, tumor targeting, and HER2 degradation, with increased cytotoxic T cell activity and improved antitumor immunity. This integrated strategy offers a promising new avenue for breast cancer treatment.
Reconstructing the Stem Leydig Cell Niche via the Testicular Extracellular Matrix for the Treatment of Testicular Leydig Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Chi Ani , Yang Chao , Liu Jie , Zhai Zhichen , Shi Xuetao
Published: November 2024

Therapies involving the use of stem Leydig cells (SLCs), as testicular mesenchymal stromal cells, have shown great promise in the treatment of Leydig cell (LC) dysfunction in aging males. However, the outcomes of these therapies are not satisfactory. In this study, it is demonstrated that the aging microenvironment of the testicular interstitium impairs the function of SLCs, leading to poor regeneration of LCs and, consequently, inefficient functional restoration. The study develops a decellularized testicular extracellular matrix (dTECM) hydrogel from young pigs and evaluates its safety and feasibility as a supportive niche for the expansion and differentiation of SLCs. dTECM hydrogel facilitates the steroidogenic differentiation of SLCs into LCs, the primary producers of testosterone. The combination of SLCs with a dTECM hydrogel leads to a significant and sustained increase in testosterone levels, which promotes the restoration of spermatogenesis and fertility in an LC‐deficient and aged mouse model. Mechanistically, collagen 1 within the dTECM is identified as a key factor contributing to these effects. Notably, symptoms associated with testosterone deficiency syndrome are significantly alleviated in aged mice. These findings may aid the design of therapeutic interventions for patients with testosterone deficiency in the clinic.
Isolated Rhodium Atoms Activate Porous TiO2 for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrate to Ammonia
Authors: Zhao Zhi Liang , Yang Shaoxuan , Wang Shensong , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Liang , Wang Qi , Zhang Xinyi
Published: November 2024

The direct electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is an efficient and environmentally friendly technology, however, developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity remains a great challenge. Single‐atom catalysts demonstrate unique properties and exceptional performance across a range of catalytic reactions, especially those that encompass multi‐step processes. Herein, a straightforward and cost‐effective approach is introduced for synthesizing single‐atom dispersed Rh on porous TiO2 spheres (Rh1‐TiO2), which functions as an efficient electrocatalyst for the electroreduction of NO3− to NH3. The synthesized Rh1‐TiO2 catalyst achieve a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.7% and an NH3 yield rate of 29.98 mg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.5 V versus RHE in a 0.1 M KOH+0.1 M KNO3 electrolyte, significantly outperforming not only undoped TiO2 but also Ru, Pd, and Ir single‐atom doped titania catalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the incorporation of Rh single atom significantly enhances charge transfer between adsorbed NO3− and the active site. The Rh atoms not only serve as the highly active site for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), but also activates the adjacent Ti sites through optimizating the electronic structure, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the rate‐limiting step. Consequently, this results in a substantial enhancement in electrochemical NO3RR performance. Furthermore, this synthetic method has the potential to be extended to other single‐atom catalysts and scaled up for commercial applications.
Optimizing Reversible Phase‐Transformation of FeS2 Anode via Atomic‐Interface Engineering Toward Fast‐Charging Sodium Storage: Theoretical Predication and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zhao Wenxi , Zhou Yanbing , Zhou Hao , Wang Xinqin , Sun Shengjun , He Xun , Luo Yongsong , Ying Binwu , Yao Yongchao , Ma Xiaoqing , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2024

Sodium‐storage performance of pyrite FeS2 is greatly improved by constructing various FeS2‐based nanostructures to optimize its ion‐transport kinetics and structural stability. However, less attention has been paid to rapid capacity degradation and electrode failure caused by the irreversible phase‐transition of intermediate NaxFeS2 to FeS2 and polysulfides dissolution upon cycling. Under the guidance of theoretical calculations, coupling FeS2 nanoparticles with honeycomb‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) nanosheet supported single‐atom manganese (SAs Mn) catalyst (FeS2/SAs Mn@NC) via atomic‐interface engineering is proposed to address above challenge. Systematic electrochemical analyses and theoretical results unveil that the functional integration of such two type components can significantly enhance ionic conductivity, accelerate charge transfer efficiency, and improve Na+‐adsorption capability. Particularly, SAs Mn@NC with Mn‐Nx coordination center can reduce the decomposition barrier of Na2S and NaxFeS2 to further accelerate reversible phase transformation of Fe/Na2S→NaFeS2→FeS2 and polysulfides decomposition. As predicted, such FeS2/SAs Mn@NC showcases outstanding rate capability and fascinating cyclic durability. A sequence of kinetic studies and ex situ characterizations provide the comprehensive understanding for ion‐transport kinetics and phase‐transformation process. Its practical use is further demonstrated in sodium‐ion full cell and capacitor with impressive electrochemical capability and excellent energy‐density output.
Nanostructure‐Mediated Photothermal Effect for Reinforcing Physical Killing Activity of Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Li Zehao , Sun Menlin , Lu Ying , Song Jianbo , Duan Wangping , Huang Xiaobo , Hang Ruiqiang , Yao Xiaohong , Chu Paul K , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: November 2024

The physical killing of bacteria based on surface topography has attracted much attention due to the sustainable and safe prevention of biofilm formation. However, the antibacterial efficiency of biomedical implants derived solely from nanostructures or microstructures is insufficient to combat bacteria against common infections, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus with thick cell walls. Herein, photothermal therapy is carried out in the presence of nanorod arrays to mitigate infection of biomedical implants. Different from traditional photothermal therapy relying on a photosensitizer, the photothermal effect is mediated by light traps rendered by the nanorod arrays, and consequently, the photosensitizer is not needed. Finite element simulations and experiments are performed to elucidate the light‐to‐thermal conversion mechanism. This photothermal platform, in conjunction with thermosensitive nitric oxide therapy, is applied to treat titanium implant infection. The nanostructure‐mediated photothermal effect destroys bacterial cell walls by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis and increasing the membrane permeability by affecting fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the nanorods synergistically puncture the bacterial membrane easily as demonstrated by experiments and transcriptome analysis. The results provide insights into the development of efficient antibacterial treatment of implants by combining nanostructures and photothermal therapy.
Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed Access to Enantioenriched Chiral Aziridine Phosphines
Authors: Ni Chuang , Ramspoth Tizian‐Frank , Reis Marta Castiñeira , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: November 2024

Herein, we present the first catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic addition of diarylphosphines to 2H‐azirines, facilitated by a chiral Mn(I) complex. This method not only provides access to novel class of derivatives of the aziridine core – a structural motif recognized for its antitumor and antibacterial properties – but also introduces a phosphine moiety alongside the generation of an NH moiety within a strained three‐membered ring. The discovery of this new Mn(I) complex that both enables the reaction and induces stereoselectivity is pivotal, as it underscores the significant potential of this earth‐abundant metal in advancing asymmetric catalysis.
Metal‐Phthalocyanine‐Based Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Glycerol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Mingchao , Zhong Haixia , Li Xiaodong , Wang Huaping , Lu Yang , Zhang Geping , Liu Yannan , Zhang Panpan , Zou Ruqiang , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is a promising candidate to couple with cathodic reaction, like hydrogen evolution reaction, to produce high‐value product with less energy consumption. Two dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs), comprising square‐planar metal‐coordination motifs (e.g., MO4, M(NH)4, MS4), are notable for their programable active sites, intrinsic charge transport, and excellent stability, making them promising catalyst candidates for GOR. In this study, we introduce a novel class of 2D c‐MOFs electrocatalysts, M2[NiPcS8] (M=Co/Ni/Cu), which are synthesized via coordination of octathiolphthalocyaninato nickel (NiPc(SH)8) with various metal centers. Due to a fast kinetic and high activity of CoS4 sites for GOR, the electrocatalytic tests demonstrate that Co2[NiPcS8] supported on carbon paper displays a low GOR potential of 1.35 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm−2, significantly reducing the overall water‐electrolysis‐voltage reduction by 0.27 V from oxygen evolution reaction to GOR, thereby outperforming Ni2[NiPcS8] and Cu2[NiPcS8]. Additionally, we have determined that the GOR activity of CoX4 linkage sites varies with different heteroatoms, following an experimentally and theoretically confirmed activity order of CoS4>CoO4>Co(NH)4. The GOR performance of Co2[NiPcS8] not only demonstrate superior performance among non‐noble metal complex, but also provides critical insights on designing high‐performance MOF electrocatalysts upon optimizing the electronic environment of active sites.
Freestanding Phosphonium Covalent Organic Frameworks with Efficient Hydroxide Conduction for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Tian Ye , Hui Xiaobin , Wang Kaiyu , Yuan Yufei , Chen Huanhuan , Bang Ki‐Taek , Tao Ran , Wang Rui , Shin Dong‐Myeong , Lan Yaozhong , Xu Zheng‐Long , Kim Yoonseob
Published: November 2024

Owing to their well‐defined crystalline pore structures and ordered functional ionic groups along the skeleton, ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) exhibit excellent performance and have significant potential for use in energy storage and conversion devices. Herein, we for the first time developed cationic phosphonium COFs with high hydroxide conduction even with low ion exchange capacity (IEC). Specifically, we synthesized COFs containing quaternary phosphonium groups as excellent ion transport moieties. Then, we fabricated freestanding phosphonium membranes through a vapor‐assisted method, which exhibited high hydroxide conductivity of 126 mS cm−1 at 80 °C from a minimal IEC of 1.17 mmol g−1. The resulting film was successfully applied to zinc–air batteries, demonstrating energy density of 96.1 mW cm−2, specific capacity of 95.0 mAh cm−2, and stable operation over 2,300 min. Overall, in addition to investigating a novel cationic functional group, we demonstrated a freestanding film formation method of COF‐based materials. The findings can provide a solid foundation for advancing the field of iCOFs to ion transport and promoting electrochemical applications.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Hydroarsination of α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Xiao Jun‐Zhao , Cai Zhen‐Xi , Pan Zhi‐Zhou , Wang Ye , Jiang Nan , Yin Liang
Published: November 2024

Herein, a copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐hydroarsination of β‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters is achieved in moderate to excellent yields with high to excellent enantioselectivity, based on the proposed nucleophilic [Cu]−AsPh2 species. As for α‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters, a 1,4‐hydroarsination/enantioselective protonation event occurs smoothly in satisfying results. Furthermore, β‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated ketone, α,β‐unsaturated amide, and α,β‐unsaturated phosphine sulfide are well applied in the present catalytic system. Finally, some control experiments show that HAsPh2 is activated through coordination with the copper(I) catalyst and HAsPh2 exhibits inferior soft Lewis basicity to HPPh2 in the presence of a copper(I)‐bisphosphine complex.
Efficient Removal of Antibiotics From Water via a Novel Magnetic Hypercrosslinked Polymer
Authors: Liu Yin , Chen Shanhu , Shen Liang , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: November 2024

The removal of antibiotic residues from environmental media is a significant challenge in the field of chemistry. In this work, we presented a simple and efficient method for eliminating tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and chloramphenicol (CAP) from water. Initially, 1,4‐dichlorobenzene and ferrocene were employed as starting materials for the synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymers (HFDs) via Friedel–Crafts alkylation facilitated by a cross‐linking agent. Subsequent to this, an efficient magnetic adsorbent material (MHFD) was developed by the in situ oxidation of the iron source incorporated within the polymer matrix of HFDs. The resulting MHFDs demonstrated an impressive maximum Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)–specific surface area of 1190 m2/g and exhibited a peak saturation magnetization of 11.8 emu/g. This work investigated the effects of four factors on the adsorption performance of MHFD‐10, including contact time, solution pH, dosage of MHFD‐10, and initial antibiotic concentration. The results revealed a remarkable conformity of the adsorption kinetics with the pseudo‐second‐order model and the adsorption isotherms with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Specifically, at a temperature of 20°C, MHFD‐10 achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 193.95 mg/g for CAP and 268.60 mg/g for TC. Furthermore, these materials exhibited exceptional reusability, maintaining high adsorption capacities even after undergoing five consecutive reuse cycles.
Smartphone Application‐Based Addiction Scale: Psychometric Evidence Across Nine Asian Regions Using Advanced Analytic Methods
Authors: Chen I‐Hua , Pramukti Iqbal , Gan Wan Ying , Ruckwongpatr Kamolthip , Pham Le An , Huang Po‐Ching , Mamun Mohammed A. , Ullah Irfan , Jahrami Haitham A. , Lin Chung‐Ying , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

A smartphone is a device with various functions, including wifi, application functions, mobile networks, ease of mobility, and the capability of using mobile data. Because of the aforementioned functions, people may use smartphones frequently. The Smartphone Application‐Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) is a six‐item questionnaire assessing smartphone addiction with promising psychometric properties. However, it is unclear if the SABAS possesses the strong psychometric properties across Asian regions. The present study aimed to examine the factor structure of the SABAS across nine Asian regions.

Methods

Using datasets collected from Asian regions of Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam, data from 10,397 participants (mean age = 22.40 years; 44.8% men) were used for analyses. All participants completed the SABAS using an online survey or paper‐and‐pencil mode.

Results

Findings from confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and network analysis all indicate a one‐factor structure for the SABAS. Moreover, the one‐factor structure of the SABAS was measurement invariant across age (21 years or less vs. above 21 years) and gender (men vs. women) in metric, scalar, and strict invariance. The one‐factor structure was invariant across regions in metric but not scalar or strict invariance.

Conclusion

The present study findings showed that the SABAS possesses a one‐factor structure across nine Asian regions; however, noninvariant findings in scalar and strict levels indicate that people in the nine Asian regions may interpret the importance of each SABAS item differently. Age group and gender group comparisons are comparable because of the invariance evidence for the SABAS found in the present study. However, cautions should be made when comparing SABAS scores across Asian regions.
Behavioral Analyses in Dark Agouti Rats Following Repeated Systemic Treatment With Fingolimod (FTY720)
Authors: Jakobs Marie , Trautmann Lisa , Hadamitzky Martin , Bihorac Julia , Jacquet Lucie , Christians Uwe , Schniedewind Björn , Lückemann Laura , Schedlowski Manfred
Published: November 2024

Background

Studies in experimental animals revealed that acute and chronic treatment with small‐molecule immunosuppressive drugs lead to neurobehavioral alterations in rodents.

Methods

Against this background, this study investigated behavioral alterations in rats after repeated administration of FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, employing the open field, elevated plus maze, and dark/light tests.

Results

Compared to controls, repeated FTY720 treatment affected behavior in rats, reflected by a reduction in distance traveled as well as increased time engaged in freezing in the open field and elevated plus maze. Furthermore, the time spent freezing in the elevated plus maze test positively correlated with FTY720 concentrations in the amygdala and insular cortex, two brain regions involved in regulation of emotionality. Since no changes in plasma corticosterone levels were observed, stress effects due to treatment, behavioral testing, or handling can be ruled out.

Conclusion

The present findings indicate that treatment with FTY720 did not induce typical anxiety‐like behavioral patterns in otherwise healthy rats as seen following treatment with other immunosuppressive drugs. Nevertheless, it remains of great importance to evaluate behavioral effects in clinical practice to shed more light onto possible detrimental side effects emerging during treatment with small‐molecule immunosuppressive drugs.
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Future Stroke: Evidence From CHARLS and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Bai Zetai , Wang Zheyi , Li Mei , Kong Deyuan , Wu Guanzhao
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study leveraged the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore the association between diabetes and stroke in middle‐aged and older adults in East Asia and assess the causality of this relationship using Mendelian randomization.

Methods: Data from the 2011–2020 CHARLS cohort identified individuals with diabetes at baseline. Stroke incidence was self‐reported through standardized questionnaires. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis examined the relationship between diabetes and stroke risk alongside nonlinear correlations between glucose levels and stroke. Mendelian randomization clarified the causal link and analyzed the mediating effect between diabetes and stroke using genetic methods.

Results: In the study population aged 45 and above, stroke incidence was 5.99% in normoglycemic, 6.82% in prediabetic, and 9.93% in diabetic individuals. Over 7 years, 473 strokes occurred. Diabetes was associated with a 1.35‐fold increased stroke risk compared to normoglycemia (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03–1.79). Subgroup analyses highlighted higher stroke risks in middle‐aged women, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers. Mendelian randomization supports a genetic causal relationship between diabetes and stroke. Diabetes may indirectly lead to stroke through the mediating effects of hypertension and high cholesterol.

Conclusion: The findings confirm a significant association and causal link between diabetes and stroke risk in an East Asian population. In addition, the results indicate that controlling blood glucose in prediabetic individuals reduces stroke risk, with no similar benefits in diabetes.
Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated With Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Berek Klaus , Lindner Anna , Pauli Franziska Di , Bsteh Gabriel , Treml Benedikt , Ponleitner Markus , Engler Clemens , Kleinsasser Axel , Berger Thomas , Wille Maria , Burtscher Martin , Deisenhammer Florian , Hegen Harald
Published: November 2024

Background

Neurological symptoms are common in acute mountain sickness (AMS); however, the extent of neuroaxonal damage remains unclear. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an established blood biomarker for neuroaxonal damage.

Objective

To investigate whether plasma (p) NfL levels increase after simulated altitude exposure, correlate with the occurrence of AMS, and might be mitigated by preacclimatization.

Methods

Healthy subjects were exposed to simulated high altitude (4500 m) by the use of a normobaric hypoxic chamber at the University of Innsbruck two times, that is, within Cycle 1 (C1) over 12 h, and within Cycle 2 (C2) for another 12 h but with a random assignment to prior acclimatization or sham acclimatization. Before each cycle (measurement [M] 1 and 3) and after each cycle (M2 and M4), clinical data (arterial oxygen saturation [SaO2], heart rate, and Lake Louise AMS score [LLS]) and plasma samples were collected. pNfL was measured using single‐molecule array (Simoa) technique.

Results

pNfL levels did not significantly change within each study cycle, but increased over the total study period (M1: 4.57 [3.34–6.39], M2: 4.58 [3.74–6.0], M3: 5.64, and M4: 6.53 [4.65–7.92] pg/mL, p < 0.001). Subjects suffering from AMS during the study procedures showed higher pNfL levels at M4 (6.80 [6.19–8.13] vs. 5.75 [4.17–7.35], p = 0.048), a higher total pNfL increase (2.88 [1.21–3.48] vs. 0.91 [0.53–1.48], p = 0.022) compared to subjects without AMS. An effect of preacclimatization on pNfL levels could not be observed.

Conclusions

pNfL increases alongside exposure to simulated altitude and is associated with AMS.
The role of online information sources in enhancing circular consumption behaviour: Fostering sustainable consumption patterns in the digital age
Authors: Talukder Md. Shamim , Biswas Mohammad Islam , Azad Nasreen
Published: November 2024

Circular consumption is an element of the circular economy that is vital for fostering economic progress whilst addressing environmental degradation and resource scarcity. The majority of the existing studies on the circular economy focus on its organisational aspects and examine circular business models, including approaches to enhance circular value propositions and their advantages. However, the link amongst responsible consumption, digital technologies, consumer behaviour and the circular economy model has received limited attention. We aim to fill this gap by employing behavioural reasoning theory to investigate the intentions of consumers to engage in circular consumption behaviour. We enhance the theoretical robustness of our findings by integrating the theory of consumption values as ‘reason for’ and status quo bias theory as ‘reason against’. We conducted a questionnaire survey in two phases to validate our model and test our hypotheses. We collected our survey data from 305 respondents in Bangladesh and used partial least squares–structural equation modelling to validate our model. Results show that exposure to online information sources significantly influences the ‘reasons for’ and ‘reasons against’ factors. These two factors also demonstrate positive and negative associations with circular consumption behaviour, respectively. These findings offer important insights for service providers, policymakers and government entities.
Headspace Volatile Profiles of Achillea Species: A. aspleniifolia, A. crithmifolia, A. filipendulina, and A. virescens
Authors: Aćimović Milica , Vujisić Ljubodrag , Lončar Biljana , Ivanović Stefan , Rat Milica
Published: November 2024

A comparative study of volatile compounds in four Achillea spices cultivated (A. aspleniifolia and A. filipendulina) and wild‐grown (A. crithmifolia and A. virescens) in Serbia was analysed by headspace gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS). A total of 59 compounds were identified, representing 98.7–100 % of the total volatile compounds. In A. aspleniifolia, the dominant compound was β‐pinene, while in the other three Achillea species the dominant was 1,8‐cineole in combination with cis‐thujone in A. crithmifolia, α‐pinene, and p‐cymene and chrysanthenone in A. virescens. According to the sensory analysis of odour, A. aspleniifolia has the highest herbal intensity (due to β‐pinene) and significant citrus and spicy notes originate from other minor compounds. In other investigated species, the odor is herbal (due to 1,8‐cineole), but other compounds determine odor; A. filipendulina is notably minty, A. crithmifolia is strong woody and terpenic, with notable thujonic characteristics, while A. virescens has terpenic, camphoraceous and spicy notes.
Protein‐Protein Interaction and Conformational Change in the Alpha‐Helical Membrane Transporter BtuCD‐F in the Native Cellular Envelope
Authors: Joseph Benesh
Published: November 2024

Alpha‐helical membrane proteins perform numerous critical functions essential for the survival of living organisms. Traditionally, these proteins are extracted from membranes using detergent solubilization and reconstitution into liposomes or nanodiscs. However, these processes often obscure the effects of nanoconfinement and the native environment on the structure and conformational heterogeneity of the target protein. We demonstrate that pulsed dipolar electron spin resonance spectroscopy, combined with the Gd3+‐nitroxide spin pair, enables the selective observation of the vitamin B12 importer BtuCD−F in its native cellular envelope. Despite the high levels of non‐specific labeling in the envelope, this orthogonal approach combined with the long phase‐memory time for the Gd3+ spin enables the observation of the target protein complex at a few micromolar concentrations with high resolution. In the native envelope, vitamin B12 induces a distinct conformational shift at the BtuCD‐BtuF interface, which is not observed in the micelles. This approach offers a general strategy for investigating protein‐protein and protein‐ligand/drug interactions and conformational changes of the alpha‐helical membrane proteins in their native envelope context.
Management of primary second molar with poor prognosis in patient with bilateral premolar agenesis: A case report with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Rajabi Nikoo
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Bilateral mandibular premolar agenesis is rare, and it is essential to retain the primary teeth until they can be replaced with dental implants. Although internal root resorption and periapical lesions in primary teeth have a poor prognosis, MTA dressing and restoring teeth with SSC impede the progress of internal resorption.
Unexpected Pneumothorax During Painless Flexible Bronchoscopy Under Remimazolam Sedation: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Luo Cong , Luo Ru‐Yi
Published: November 2024

The timely recognition of pneumothorax during painless flexible bronchoscopy (PFB) can be challenging. This report describes two consecutive cases of pneumothorax following PFB, both of which were promptly identified and successfully treated. A sudden decrease in heart rate, combined with hypoxemia, is highly effective for detecting pneumothorax in patients undergoing PFB, with subcutaneous emphysema serving as a key auxiliary diagnostic sign. Remimazolam may provide significant clinical benefits in emergency situations during PFB by allowing patients to be quickly awakened to assist with diagnosis.
Neonatal Encephalopathy due to Glutaminase Deficiency in a Neonate
Authors: Achanta Unnati , Krishnan Shrinidhi , Chandrasekaran Ashok , Wilson S Robert , Aiyappan Senthil Kumar , Sundar Subash
Published: November 2024

Identifying neurometabolic disorders that lead to neonatal encephalopathy is difficult, and access to exome sequencing is a significant advantage in developing countries. We present a case of neonatal encephalopathy characterized by refractory seizures and significant apnea resulting from glutaminase deficiency, along with elevated levels of glutamine and glycine in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although the condition was fatal, it was possible to offer genetic counseling and recommendations for future pregnancies following exome sequencing.
Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Challenging Case Report
Authors: Subahi Eihab A. , Aboukhalaf Soha , Mohammedain Shahd , Sayed Sagda , Ali Elrazi A. , Subahi Mohamed , Kamal Ijaz
Published: November 2024

Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome (SN‐APS) is uncommon and challenging condition, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of stroke in young, since it can result in arterial thrombosis.SN‐APS is typically diagnosed by exclusion; however, it is crucial to recognize it in order to choose the best antithrombotic treatment to lower the recurrence rate.
Remarkable Effect of Stereoisomerism on the Am(III)/Ln(III) Solvent Extraction. New Ligands for Highly Efficient Separation of Americium
Authors: Petrov Valentine S. , Lemport Pavel S. , Evsiunina Mariia V. , Matveev Petr I. , Kalle Paulina , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Aksenova Svetlana A. , Averin Alexei D. , Yakushev Alexei A. , Roznyatovsky Vitaly A. , Zonov Roman V. , Petrov Vladimir G. , Gloriozov Igor P. , Ustynyuk Yuri A. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: November 2024

Two novel 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐diamide ligands were constructed on the basis of 2‐phenylpyrrolidine and obtained as pure diastereomers. These ligands demonstrated advanced properties in liquid‐liquid extraction tests. They revealed high efficiency of americium(III) extraction alongside with the record values of selectivity in the separation of americium from light lanthanides from strongly acidic media. An abrupt increase of extraction efficiency when moving along the lanthanide series from lanthanum to lutetium was observed. The examination of the extraction behavior of pure diastereomeric forms revealed noticeable differences in their selectivity while maintaining the overall extraction trend. The explanation of the discovered patterns was elucidated by a comprehensive study of the ability of the ligands to bind lanthanide nitrates in solutions. All the data collected (UV‐vis and NMR titration, X‐ray analysis of resulting complexes, solvation numbers estimation) were supported by quantum chemical calculation. These data clearly indicated that in the case of light lanthanides the formation of 1 : 1 complexes is most preferable. At the same time, complexes with heavy lanthanides, such as ytterbium and lutetium, exist as ionic pairs which may consist of [L2M]z+ cations counterbalanced by metallate anions, which may result in the formation of the species of unusual composition like L2M2 or even L4M5 clusters.
A Cascade Synthesis of Furo‐Pyrrolo‐Pyridines via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Dual N−H/C Annulative‐Cyclization
Authors: Nath Dhara Hirendra , Manna Supriya , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2024

A Pd(II)‐catalyzed non‐template synthesis of furo[2,3‐b]pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridines from β‐ketodinitriles and buta‐1,3‐diynes has been accomplished via dual annulative cyclization. The participation of both the nitrile (−CN) groups led to the concurrent construction of three heterocycles viz. furan, pyrrole, and pyridine forming C−C, C=C, C−O, C−N, and C=N bonds in one pot. The synthetic utility of the protocol was further demonstrated through a few post‐synthetic manipulations.
Towards Designer Photocatalysts: Structure‐Property Relationships in 2,6‐Diaryl‐pyryliums
Authors: Konzal Jenna , Murley McKenna , Wolter Alaina , Camou Lazlo , Oberbroeckling Alex , Dekker Madilyn , Wagner Gillianne , Jennejohn Kate , Peters Madison , Hayes Natalie , Franklin Cory , Tobin Sydney , Collier Elizabeth , MacKenzie Ian
Published: November 2024

Fully organic photocatalyst systems are highly attractive, not merely because they are transition‐metal free, but more importantly due to their unique and often potent reactivity. A detailed understanding of the various redox states, both ground and excited state, and specifically what structural parameters control them is therefore crucial for harnessing the full potential of these systems in organic synthesis. However, unlike their organometallic counterparts, detailed structure‐property relationships for organic photocatalysts are largely absent from the literature. In this study, we demonstrate linear free‐energy relationships across a range of key photophysical and electrochemical properties of 2,6‐diarylpyryliums. Electronic absorption and emission maxima can be carefully tuned over the ranges of 83 nm and 102 nm respectively. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions were revealed in cases of substitution with polarizable heavy‐atoms. A strong linear dependence of ground state reduction potentials on substituent electronics was observed. Notably, the excited state reduction potential, E*red, could be controlled over a range of nearly 1000 mV. Systematic errors in computational modeling of ground and excited state redox potentials were identified and corrected. We believe the quantitative structure‐property relationships identified here provide foundational tools for rational and predictive organic photocatalyst design.
Stereodivergent Macrocyclization in Dynamic Chiral Confinement
Authors: Tan Linfeng , Zheng Tianyi , Li Yongsheng , Lee Myongsoo
Published: November 2024

The absolute and relative configurations of a macrocyclic natural product bearing multiple chirality have a crucial influence on its physical and biological properties. Nevertheless, their preparation with full stereocontrol remains largely unexplored in synthetic community. Here, we show a stereodivergent macrocyclization under dynamic chiral confinement in which the stepwise chirality switching of a chiral space directs complete stereocontrol. To confine a substrate in a dynamic chiral space, we used a chiral capsule enclosing a substrate which is collectively switchable in the chirality in response to external stimuli, but their conformations are firmly fixed by subsequent self‐assembly. The consecutive chirality switching enables the confined reactions of an enclosed achiral substrate to sequentially install diverse chirality on a macrocycle product with full stereocontrol in a single pot operation, thus changing only a sequence of physical stimuli enables access to a remarkable stereodivergence in a macrocyclization process.
CFD Analysis of the Flow in Schwarz‐D TPMS Structures for Engineering Applications
Authors: Vhora Kasimhussen , Thévenin Dominique , Janiga Gábor , Sundmacher Kai
Published: November 2024

A comprehensive analysis of the flow in Schwarz‐D triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) structures based on CFD simulations is presented. The pressure drops and friction factor characteristics of the structure are investigated by employing both full‐scale and representative elementary volume (REV)‐scale CFD setups. The results are validated against experimental data from the literature. An analytical model is developed using hydraulic diameter, porosity, and permeability from the CFD simulation results. The findings contribute valuable insights into the optimization and application of Schwarz‐D TPMS structures in engineering systems.
Particle Size and Crystal habit Modification of Ammonium Perchlorate Using Cooling Sonocrystallization Process
Authors: Lin Shumin , Khudaida Salal Hasan , Su Chie‐Shaan
Published: November 2024

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a widely used solid oxidizer in solid propellant formulations, with its particle size and crystal habit significantly affecting performance. Since controlling these properties remains challenging, this study employs an intensified crystallization strategy, specifically a cooling sonocrystallization process, to recrystallize AP to control and modify its particle size and crystal habit. The effects of solution concentration, sonication intensity, sonication pulse on/off recipe, and cooling rate on the recrystallization of AP are first investigated using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. By understanding the main effect of these operating parameters, further sonocrystallization experiments are designed for process improvement. Compared with the unprocessed AP, the crystal habit and mean particle size of AP are considerably modified after cooling sonocrystallization, achieving a mean size of approximately 50 µm with a regular habit. Consistency in crystal structure and spectrometric properties between sonocrystallized and unprocessed AP was confirmed. Furthermore, the thermal properties and decomposition behavior of the sonocrystallized AP are analyzed, revealing improved exothermic characteristics. These results prove that cooling sonocrystallization is an efficient tool for producing AP particles and also holds the potential for preparing fine particles of other energetic materials.
Enhancement of Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Lignin β‐O‐4 Bond via Orbital Modulation and Surface Lattice Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Haonan , Qin Baolong , Zhang Qi , Hu Xiaohong , Ma Longlong , Zhang Xinghua , Tang Zhiyuan , Chen Lungang
Published: November 2024

The orbital modulation and surface lattice reconstruction represent an effective strategy to regulate the interaction between catalyst interface sites and intermediates, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity. In this study, the crystal surface of Au−K/CeO2 catalyst can undergo reversible transformation by tuning the coordination environment of Ce, which enables the activation of the Cβ−H bond and the oxidative cleavage of the Cβ‐O and Cα−Cβ bonds, leading to the cleavage of 2‐phenoxy‐1‐phenylethanol. The t2g orbitals of Au 5d hybridize with the 2p orbitals of lattice oxygen in CeO2 via π‐coordination, modulating the coordination environment of Ce 4 f and reconstructing the lattice oxygen in the CeO2 framework, as well as increasing the oxygen vacancies. The interface sites formed by the synergy between Au clusters in the reconstructed Ce−OL1−Au structure and doped K play dual roles. On the one hand, it activates the Cβ−H bond, facilitating the enolization of the pre‐oxidized 2‐phenoxy‐1‐phenylethanone. On the other hand, through single‐electron transfer involving Ce3+ 4f1 and the adsorption by oxygen vacancies, it enhances the oxidative cleavage of the Cβ‐O and Cα−Cβ bonds. This study elucidates the complex mechanistic roles of the structure and properties of Au−K/CeO2 catalyst in the selective catalytic oxidation of lignin β‐O‐4 bond.
Effects of Manipulated Rainfall and Intraspecific Variation Within Dominant Species on Community Assembly: Insights From a Long‐Term Grassland Restoration Experiment
Authors: Ren Zhe , Baer Sara G. , Johnson Loretta C. , Galliart Matthew B. , Gibson David J.
Published: November 2024

Grasslands converted to agricultural land use can be reestablished by sowing seeds of native species and temporal dynamics of diversity under altered climate can inform community assembly in the context of global change. We quantified three aspects of diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in restored prairie plots sown with different ecotypes of two dominant grass species and manipulated rainfall to understand the relative importance of abiotic filtering and population source of dominant species on community assembly. We also evaluated the contributions of intra‐ and interspecific variations in functional traits across plots sown with different ecotypes of dominant species. Since the fourth year of community establishment, species richness decreased over time as dominant species gradually established. Phylogenetic and functional diversity was unaffected by the ecotypic sources of dominant species during restoration. Experimental drought did not affect species richness, phylogenetic, or functional diversity. Community structure in the grasslands was mainly shaped by intraspecific, within‐population variation in the dominant species rather than by differences in traits among species. Our results showed that intraspecific biotic interactions contribute more than environmental filtering to community assembly in a tallgrass‐dominated prairie ecosystem.
Improving access to undergraduate research using digitized natural history collections course‐based research experiences
Authors: Krumm Janice L. , Jordan Carly N. , Bronson Cecily D. , Weglarz Kathryn M. , Genet Kristen , Johnson Matthew G. , Phillips Molly , Flemming Adania , Shea Elizabeth K. , Hewlett James , Soltis Pamela S. , McCarthy Jennifer , Trillo Paula A. , Woods Jean
Published: November 2024

Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) can be a powerful tool in broadening participation in undergraduate research. In this paper, we review the benefits of and barriers to undergraduate research experiences and explore how CUREs can mitigate some of those issues. As a part of the NSF‐supported Biological Collections in Ecology and Evolution Network (BCEENET) activities, a series of network meetings produced a set of recommendations to increase the accessibility of CUREs for all students at all institution types. We use BCEENET CUREs that focus on digitized natural history collections data to illustrate how leveraging adaptable open educational resources that use freely available data and analysis tools can increase accessibility of undergraduate research. We also discuss how inclusive networks of educators and research collaborators can support broadening CURE implementation.
Biodiversity is not a luxury: Unpacking wealth and power to accommodate the complexity of urban biodiversity
Authors: Poulton Kamakura Renata , Bai Jin , Sheel Vallari , Katti Madhusudan
Published: November 2024

A positive correlation between wealth and biodiversity within cities is a commonly documented phenomenon in urban ecology that has come to be labeled as the “luxury effect.” We contend that both this language and this framing restrict our understanding of how sociopolitical power dynamics influence biodiversity within and across cities. We describe how the term “luxury” is not appropriately applied to describe patterns of biodiversity and how the pattern depends on the form(s) of biodiversity investigated. While we recognize examples where there is a positive relationship between socioeconomic status and biodiversity, we describe numerous examples where either opposite patterns or no clear relationship between wealth and biodiversity is found. We propose an alternate framework, the POSE framework, that examines the Power, Objectives, mediating Socio‐ecological context, and Effort of specific actors and how those may influence biodiversity. The mediating socio‐ecological context includes everything from biophysical limitations to historical context and the actions of other actors. Further, it is important to understand how and to what degree we expect the actor's actions to influence biodiversity in order to design studies that are able to detect these shifts in biodiversity. We contend that complicating our analysis to focus more on power generally, rather than socioeconomic status specifically, as well as the specific objectives of actors of interest within their socio‐ecological context offers a more flexible approach that can be applied in a wider range of socio‐ecological contexts and allows for more directed policy interventions.