bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Innovation, Sustainability, and Market Performance in Taiwan's Semiconductor Sector: Insights From ESG‐Driven Analysis
Authors: Lu Wen‐Min , Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Chou Chien‐Heng , Yao Sheng‐Hui
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between ESG sub‐indicators and the performance of Taiwan's semiconductor industry from 2016 to 2020. Using a combination of data envelopment analysis, truncated regression, and classification and regression trees, the research evaluates the influence of 12 ESG factors on innovation, sustainability, and market performance. The findings reveal that midstream manufacturers lead in innovation and market performance, while upstream manufacturers excel in sustainability. Corporate governance transparency emerges as the most critical factor driving overall performance, followed by employee management, product quality, and stakeholder treatment. Conversely, greenhouse gas emissions and waste management have limited impact due to high costs and regulatory challenges. The study highlights the need for firms to balance ESG strategies with performance goals, emphasizing energy management and governance as key levers for innovation and competitiveness. This research provides practical insights into optimizing ESG implementation to enhance performance across the semiconductor value chain.
A Review of the Use of Chemical Stabilisation Methods for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Williams‐Wynn Mark D. , Durski Marcin H.
Published: February 2025

The increasing amounts of end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries (EOL LIBs) require novel and safe solutions allowing for the minimisation of health and environmental hazards. Arguably, the best approach to the problem of EOL LIBs is recycling and recovery of the metals contained within the cells. This allows the diversion of the EOL battery cells from the environment and the recovery of precious metals that can be reused in the manufacturing of new products, allowing the reduction of the requirements of virgin materials from the mining industry. The most significant hindrance to the recycling process of EOL LIBs is their unstable chemical nature and significant safety hazards related to opening the air‐tight casings. To minimise these issues, the end‐of‐life cells must be stabilised in one of the few available ways. This review aims at a comprehensive presentation of the studied chemical methods of EOL LIB cell discharge and stabilisation. The advantages and disadvantages of the method and its variations are discussed based on the literature published to date. The literature review found that a significant number of authors make use of chemical stabilisation techniques without proper comprehension of the associated risks. Many authors focus solely on the cheapest and fastest way to stop a cell from producing an electrical charge without extra thought given to the downstream recycling processes of safety hazards related to the proposed stabilisation method. Only a few studies highlighted the risks and problems associated with chemical stabilisation techniques.
Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Free and Nanoencapsulated Green Propolis Extract from the Northeastern Brazilian Caatinga Biome
Authors: Aldana-Mejía Jennyfer Andrea , Granzoto Marina Rezende , de Melo Eveline Maria , Ribeiro Victor Pena , Ross Samir A. , Marcato Priscyla D. , Furtado Ricardo Andrade , Bastos Jairo
Published: February 2025

The Brazilian Caatinga green propolis (GP) is known for its significant biological activities; however, its incorporation into pharmaceutical formulations is hindered by its resinous nature and low solubility. This study investigates the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects of both free GP and nanoencapsulated GP (GPN). The optimized oil/water nanoformulation maintained stability over a period of 28 days, exhibiting minimal alterations in particle size (approximately 200 nm) and polydispersity index. GPN demonstrated notable inhibition of nociception at a concentration of 27 mg/mL in mice during the formalin test. In the thermal stimulus test, GP exhibited significant analgesic effects at 9 and 60 mg/kg in phase I, while GPN achieved this effect at 9 mg/kg. In phase II, GP at 90 mg/kg showed analgesic effects in response to thermal stimuli. GPN also reduced edema from the third hour onward at 9 mg/kg, matching the effects of higher GP concentrations (90 mg/kg). These findings underscore the enhanced efficacy of GPN. Although this preliminary formulation requires further optimization, it demonstrated promising biological activity in the evaluated assays.
The Alleviative Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Dexamethasone‐Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Zhao Xingchen , Zhu Mingqiang , Wang Zifan , Gao Ming , Long Yifei , Zhou Shuo , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Skeletal muscle mass is significantly negatively regulated by glucocorticoids. Following glucocorticoid administration, the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle is disrupted, shifting towards a predominance of catabolic metabolism. Short‐chain fatty acids like sodium butyrate have been found to regulate inflammatory reactions and successively activate signaling pathways. The preventive benefits of sodium butyrate against dexamethasone‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy and myotube atrophy models were examined in this work, and the underlying mechanism was clarified. A total of 32 6‐week‐old C57BL/6 inbred male mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups and treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy and sodium butyrate. We found that sodium succinate alleviated dexamethasone‐induced myotube atrophy in the myotube atrophy model by lowering the gene expression of two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin‐1 and MURF1, and activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Pertussis toxin reversed this effect, indicating that G protein‐coupled receptors were involved in sodium butyrate's action as a mediator. Additionally, pre‐treatment with sodium butyrate lowered weight and muscle mass loss in a mouse model of skeletal muscle atrophy, dramatically decreased the MURF1 gene expression and decreased the nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, this study shows that sodium butyrate inhibits the expression of atrophy genes, thus preventing the breakdown of proteins and the loss of muscle mass, while also inhibiting weight loss, in animal models.
Ion transport behaviors in MXenes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Fei Ling , Lei Lei , Xu Hui , Guo Xinghua , Chen Bo , Han Xu , Chen Xun , Huang Qing , Wang Degao
Published: February 2025

MXenes, an innovative class of two‐dimensional (2D) materials composed of transition‐metal carbides and/or nitrides, have garnered significant interest for their potential in energy storage and conversion applications, which is largely attributed to their modifiable surface terminations, exceptional conductivity, and favorable hydrophilic characteristics. MXenes show various ion transport behaviors in applications like electrochemical catalysis, supercapacitors, and batteries, encompassing processes like electrostatic adsorption of surface ions, redox reactions of ions, and interlayer ion shuttle. This review aims to present a summary of advancements in the comprehension of ion transport behaviors of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. First, the composition, properties, and synthesis techniques of MXenes are concisely summarized. Subsequently, the discussion delves into the mechanisms of ion transport in MXenes during CO2 reduction, water splitting, supercapacitor operation, and battery performance, elucidating the factors determining the electrochemical behaviors and efficacy. Furthermore, a compilation of strategies used to optimize ion transport behaviors in MXenes is presented. The article concludes by presenting the challenges and opportunities for these fields to facilitate the continued progress of MXenes in energy‐related technologies.
Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Enabled by Heterovalent Co‐Doping for Visible‐NIR Light Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xue Kuan , Yi Pang Jing , Peng Yu , Hui Xia Zhu , Yuan Sui Xin , Liu Da , Zhu Yan , Wang Xing , Lu Wang Xue , Gui Yang Hua , Hou Yu , Yang Shuang
Published: February 2025

Metal halide perovskites have garnered significant attention due to their vast potential in various optoelectronic applications. While their tunable bandgap properties allow for light absorption across the ultraviolet and much of the visible spectrum, the coverage in the near‐infrared (NIR) region remains limited. Here, we demonstrate a heterovalent co‐doping method for synthesizing Ag and Bi doped CsSnBr3 crystals with absorption edge up to 1300 nm, making it one of the narrowest bandgap perovskite materials. The incorporation of trivalent Bi (p) orbitals is responsible for the band narrowing, while the monovalent Ag stabilizes the entire perovskite lattice. Taking advantage of the new energy states within the bandgap, the absorption edge of the co‐dopants is extended to NIR region, so they can efficiently utilize sunlight. Moreover, the co‐dopants exhibit significantly better antioxidation capability than the pristine CsSnBr3. When applied to CO2 photoreduction, the co‐dopants achieved highly selective CO production performance, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.56 % at 700 nm, representing a 94 % improvement over CsSnBr3. Overall, this study provides effective strategies for optimizing tin‐based perovskites and holds significant implications for future research in enhancing stability, reducing toxicity, and optimizing optoelectronic performance.
Chirooptical 2,2′‐Dimethoxybiphenyl Crystals Generated From Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Pd‐Loaded Chiral Silica
Authors: Yoshimori Shunpei , Jin Ren‐Hua
Published: February 2025

In this work, we report a one‐pot approach that combines crystal ripening with the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. We investigated the reaction between 2‐methoxyphenyl bromide and 2‐methoxyphenylboronic acid, catalyzed by a series of Pd‐loaded chiral optical (D‐ or L‐) and racemic (DL‐) silica/polyethyleneimine (PEI) systems, which produced crystalline 2,2′‐dimethoxybiphenyl (DMB). The silica used as a catalyst was prepared using our previously established method, in which chirality was imparted to the silica through catalytic templates composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and tartaric acid. Both enantiopure (D‐ or L‐; 100% ee) and racemic (DL‐; 0% ee) tartaric acid‐mediated silica, after tartaric acid removal and palladium (Pd) loading, exhibited similar catalytic activities, leading to the quantitative precipitation of 2,2′‐dimethoxybiphenyl in a water/ethanol (1:1 by volume) medium. Interestingly, the 2,2′‐dimethoxybiphenyl crystals formed and ripened in the presence of Pd‐loaded chiral D‐ and L‐silica/PEI exhibited octahedral morphology and displayed remarkable chiroptical activity with a mirror‐image relationship. This represents a novel example of using chiral Pd‐loaded silica to synthesize axially chiral biphenyl in crystalline form.
HiDaFernPT: Historical data of spore availability for 121 fern and lycopod taxa in Portugal (1926–2013)
Authors: Timóteo Sérgio , Heleno Ruben , Covelo Filipe , Santos Joaquim , Lopes Pedro , Gouveia António C. , Matos Arménio , Salgado Agostinho , Girão da Cruz M. Teresa , Farminhão João , Horta Marta , Barreto Guilherme , Marques Ana V. , Craveiro Leonardo , Pinto Patrícia , Santos Matilde , Nunes Bárbara , Barreiro Margarida , Dias André , Rodrigues Gabriel , Esteves Leonor , Wanderley Marina , Santos Inês , Artiaga José Pedro , Veríssimo João , Vilhena Inês , Moniz Lucas , Leão Arthur , Couras Marta , Mendes Sara Beatriz , Nereu Mauro , Dias da Silva Ana Margarida , Sales Fátima , Gonçalves M. Teresa , Coutinho António , Freitas Helena , Silva Joaquim S. , Ramos Jaime , Marchante Elizabete , Costa José M.
Published: February 2025

Species phenology is being altered by ongoing climate changes with yet underappreciated consequences for ecological processes and ecosystem stability. Contrary to what happens with some key life events of flowering plants, comparatively little information exists about fern and lycophyte phenology and how it is affected by the current climatic changes. In part, this stems from the lack of long‐term datasets. Here we provide information on the collection day and site of the spores of 121 native and introduced fern (Polypodiopsida) and lycopod (Lycopodiopsida) taxa for the Index Seminum of the Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra. Spores were collected from spontaneous and cultivated individuals across Portugal between 1926 and 2013. The database includes 3383 curated records with information on the species, or infraspecific taxa (including authority), and are fully georeferenced and provided with a confidence interval for the collection site. Taxonomy was first curated manually by in‐house botanists and then harmonized according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) backbone taxonomy. The data are released under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC‐BY‐NC 4.0) license.
Porous Organic Cages with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Property for Anti‐counterfeiting Ink Bioimaging
Authors: Yang Anli , Guo Yifan , Zhang Yanji , Yang Zhuolin , Go Yuyo , Wu Di , Ma Chunzheng , Shi Linlin , Li Bingjie
Published: February 2025

The application of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials in biological imaging holds multiple significances, including improving detection sensitivity and specificity, optimizing the imaging process, expanding the scope of application, and promoting advancements in biomedical research. In this work, the propeller ligand was constructed through McMurry coupling reaction and Suzuki coupling reaction by using dimethoxybenzophenone as the starting material. Then, an imine condensation reaction was carried out in chloroform solution, using a 3:2 molar ratio of precursor to tri(2‐aminoethyl) amine to synthesize C3 symmetric porous organic cage CB. The structures of the compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The optical investigation results reveal that ligand L–B and the porous organic cage CB demonstrate remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent system, along with a pronounced response to tetrahydrofuran vapor stimuli. Consequently, Furthermore, given its unique cage‐like structure, high quantum yield, and outstanding AIE behavior, the porous organic cage CB holds promise for applications in cell imaging.
Salt repletion and diuretic response: The role of serum chloride. A post‐hoc analysis of the SALT‐HF trial on furosemide and hypertonic saline solution administration in ambulatory patients with worsening heart failure
Authors: Núñez Julio , Miñana Gema , de la Espriella Rafael , Zegrí‐Reiriz Isabel , Comín‐Colet Josep , Rubio Gracia Jorge , Morales‐Rull Jose Luis , Llàcer Pau , Diez‐Villanueva Pablo , de Juan Bagudá Javier , Ortiz Cortés Carolina , Goirigolzarri‐Artaza Josebe , García‐Pinilla Jose Manuel , Barrios Elvira , del Prado Díaz Susana , Jiménez‐Marrero Santiago , Restrepo‐Córdoba Maria Alejandra , Testani Jeffrey , Cobo Marcos Marta
Published: February 2025

Aims

The efficacy of combining hypertonic saline solution (HSS) with loop diuretics in worsening heart failure (WHF) remains uncertain. Hypochloraemia has been associated with reduced diuretic efficacy. Some authors propose that chloride repletion may enhance natriuretic and diuretic responses. This post‐hoc analysis of the SALT‐HF trial evaluated the effect of single‐dose administration of HSS plus intravenous (IV) furosemide versus IV furosemide, stratified by baseline serum chloride.

Methods and results

The analysis included 148 ambulatory patients with WHF from the double‐blind, randomized SALT‐HF trial. Participants received either an IV single dose of HSS plus furosemide or IV furosemide. The endpoints were 3‐h urinary sodium excretion and diuresis, 7‐day congestion score, and 30‐day adverse events according to chloride levels. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the relationship between the intervention and the endpoints. The mean baseline serum chloride level was 100 ± 4 mmol/L. Sixteen patients (10.8%) were identified as hypochloraemic (serum chloride <96 mmol/L), balanced between treatment groups. Patients with hypochloraemia showed a lower natriuretic response (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis revealed a between‐treatment differential natriuretic effect based on the chloride levels (pinteraction = 0.008). HSS plus furosemide increased natriuresis compared to furosemide at lower chloride levels. No differential between‐treatment effect was found for 3‐h diuresis. Similar heterogeneous results were found for the 7‐day clinical congestion score and 30‐day heart failure events, with a benefit with HSS in patients with lower chloride levels.

Conclusion

In ambulatory patients with WHF and hypochloraemia, adding HSS to furosemide may improve short‐term natriuretic response and outcomes. These findings suggest that chloride supplementation may help overcome diuretic resistance in these patients.
Journey toward affordable and modern energy: Role of income inequality and technological innovation
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Olanrewaju Victoria Olushola
Published: February 2025

Promoting the shift toward clean and sustainable energy sources has been a key policy priority for the United Kingdom, as it is recognized as a critical pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality targets. Based on this, the study explored the impact of technological innovations, financial development, and income inequality on renewable energy consumption using data from 1980Q1 to 2021Q4. Taking into account the nonlinear and non‐normal distribution of the variables, the study employed wavelet‐based quantile techniques. Specifically, wavelet quantile ADF and PP tests were utilized to examine the stationarity properties of the data across different time horizons and quantiles. Additionally, wavelet quantile‐on‐quantile regression was used which focuses on various time horizons and quantiles. As a robustness check, wavelet quantile regression and average wavelet quantile‐on‐quantile regression were applied. The results revealed that across all time‐scales (short, medium and long‐term) and quantiles (0.1–0.90), economic growth, income inequality, and financial development positively influence renewable energy consumption. In addition, technological innovations were found to have mixed effect on renewable energy consumption. The study proposed policies based on these findings.
Profiling Precursor microRNAs of Breast Cancer From Total RNA Sequencing Data to Gain Insights Into Their Roles and Prognostic Values
Authors: Wu Sen , Pan Jia‐Wern , Citartan Marimuthu , Tang Thean‐Hock ,   MyBrCa Collaborative Group, Teo Soo‐Hwang , Ch'ng Ewe Seng
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer, a molecularly heterogeneous disease, is classified into hormone receptor‐positive luminal breast cancer (LBC), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Precursor microRNAs (pre‐miRNAs), typically form hairpin structures with a length from 65 to 80 bases, are shown to play crucial roles in breast cancer carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that these pre‐miRNAs could have been sequenced in total RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and developed a novel algorithm to profile pre‐miRNAs from raw total RNA‐seq data. A total of 907 breast cancer samples curated by Malaysian Breast Cancer Genetic Study (MyBrCa) were profiled using this algorithm and a comparison was made between pre‐miRNA profiles and mature miRNA profiles obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We explored differentially expressed pre‐miRNAs in TNBC in comparison to LBC and conducted downstream functional analyses of the target genes. A prognostic signature was built by LASSO–Cox regression on selected pre‐miRNAs and validated internally and externally by MyBrCa and TCGA datasets, respectively. As a result, 10 common differentially expressed pre‐miRNAs were identified. Functional analyses of these pre‐miRNAs captured certain aggressive TNBC behaviors. Importantly, a pre‐miRNA signature composed of 4 out of these 10 pre‐miRNAs significantly prognosticated the breast cancer patients in the MyBrCa cohort and TCGA cohort, independent of conventional prognostic factors. In conclusion, this novel algorithm allows profiling pre‐miRNAs from raw total RNA‐seq data, which could be cross‐validated with mature miRNA profiles for cross‐platform comparison. The findings of this study underscore the importance of pre‐miRNAs in breast cancer carcinogenesis and as prognostic factors.
Head Motion in Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Quantification, Mitigation, and Structural Associations in Large, Cross‐Sectional Datasets Across the Lifespan
Authors: Schilling Kurt G. , Ramadass Karthik , Sairanen Viljami , Kim Michael E. , Rheault Francois , Newlin Nancy , Nguyen Tin , Barquero Laura , D'archangel Micah , Gao Chenyu , Topolnjak Ema , Khairi Nazirah Mohd , Archer Derek , Beason‐Held Lori L. , Resnick Susan M. , Hohman Timothy , Cutting Laurie , Schneider Julie , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Vinci‐Booher Sophia , Albert Marilyn ,   The BIOCARD Study Team,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   Aging Brain: Vasculature, Ischemia, and Behavior (ABVIB), Moyer Daniel , Landman Bennett A.
Published: February 2025

Head motion during diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can cause numerous artifacts and biases subsequent quantification. However, a thorough characterization of motion across multiple scans, cohorts, and consortiums has not been performed. To address this, we designed a study with three aims. First, we aimed to characterize subject motion across several large cohorts, utilizing 13 cohorts comprised of 16,995 imaging sessions (age 0.1–100 years, mean age = 63 years; 7220 females; 3175 cognitively impaired adults; 471 developmentally delayed children) to describe the magnitude and directions of subject movement. Second, we aimed to investigate whether state‐of‐the‐art diffusion preprocessing pipelines mitigate biases in quantitative measures of microstructure and connectivity by taking advantage of datasets with scan‐rescan acquisitions and ask whether there are detectable differences between the same subjects when scans and rescans have differing levels of motion. Third, we aimed to investigate whether there are structural connectivity differences between movers and non‐movers. We found that (1) subjects typically move 1–2 mm/min with most motion as translation in the anterior–posterior direction and rotation around the right–left axis; (2) Modern preprocessing pipelines can effectively mitigate motion to the point where biases are not detectable with current analysis techniques; and (3) There are no apparent differences in microstructure or macrostructural connections in participants who exhibit high motion versus those that exhibit low motion. Overall, characterizing motion magnitude and directions, as well as motion correlates, informs and improves motion mitigation strategies and image processing pipelines.
Treatments and Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed CD5‐Positive Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: A Multi‐Institutional Observational Study
Authors: Nato Yuma , Miyazaki Kana , Maruyama Dai , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Sunami Kazutaka , Murakami Satsuki , Negoro Eiju , Miyazawa Yuri , Choi Ilseung , Okada Takahiro , Takayama Nobuyuki , Tomita Naoto , Momose Shuji , Kaneda Yuto , Yoshida Masahiro , Gomyo Hiroshi , Toyama Kohtaro , Nishikori Momoko , Saito Akio , Hiraga Junji , Masunari Taro , Takahashi Naoki , Makiyama Junya , Suzuki Tomotaka , Tsunemine Hiroko , Takizawa Jun , Kato Takeharu , Masaki Yasufumi , Fukuhara Noriko , Okamoto Masataka , Tawara Isao , Asano Naoko , Ohshima Koichi , Izutsu Koji , Kato Koji , Suzuki Ritsuro , Yamaguchi Motoko
Published: February 2025

CD5‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (CD5+ DLBCL) is characterized by a poor prognosis and frequent central nervous system (CNS) relapse. Sandwich therapy comprising dose‐adjusted (DA)‐EPOCH‐R (etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab) and high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) (DA‐EPOCH‐R/HD‐MTX) showed excellent efficacy and manageable safety in a phase II study of patients diagnosed with stage II–IV CD5+ DLBCL. To validate the results of that study and elucidate the current state of treatment for CD5+ DLBCL, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of patients with CD5+ DLBCL diagnosed between 2016 and 2021 who received anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy with rituximab. Among the 346 patients evaluated, 62 (18%) received DA‐EPOCH‐R/HD‐MTX. The median follow‐up time was 43 months. In 55 patients with stage II–IV disease treated with DA‐EPOCH‐R/HD‐MTX, the 2‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, and cumulative incidence of CNS relapse were 87% (95% CI, 73%–94%), 76% (95% CI, 61%–86%), and 7.3% (95% CI, 2.4%–16%), respectively. There were no treatment‐related deaths. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 18 (33%) patients. Multivariate analysis of the 346 patients identified elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, multiple extranodal involvement, no intrathecal MTX (IT‐MTX), and no DA‐EPOCH‐R/HD‐MTX as independent risk factors for OS. Only one CNS relapse event was observed in 28 patients who received both HD‐MTX and IT‐MTX. Our study provides real‐world data on the treatments and outcomes of a large number of patients. The favorable survival and manageable toxicity of DA‐EPOCH‐R/HD‐MTX have been validated in clinical settings. The use of HD‐MTX and IT‐MTX might be effective for preventing CNS relapse in patients with CD5+ DLBCL.
Remote Sensing‐Based Ecohydrogeological Characterisation and Perceptual Model of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Authors: Chignell Stephen M. , Kim Yeonuk , Johnson Mark S.
Published: February 2025

The Bale Mountains are a volcanic region in south‐central Ethiopia comprising Africa's largest alpine plateau and its adjacent montane forest. The region is recognised biologically as a centre of endemism, and hydrologically as a ‘water tower’, being the source of several rivers of critical importance for East Africa. However, little formal hydrologic data exist, and land management decisions are being made based largely on a mental model that assumes high vulnerability to changes in land use and land cover. We questioned this model using remote sensing data via Google Earth Engine to map spatial and temporal patterns of key hydrologic variables over the 20‐year period spanning 2001–2020. We combined a quantitative water balance analysis with qualitative interpretation of the region's geologic and geomorphic features. Our results show that, on average, annual evapotranspiration in the forested area exceeds annual precipitation. Evapotranspiration for the forest was seen to increase throughout the long dry season, exceeding its equilibrium value, suggesting that forest vegetation is neither water‐limited nor energy‐limited, and may be subsidised by groundwater and/or soil moisture flow derived from upslope areas and thermal vents. These results confound assumed relationships among forests, wetlands, and human activity embedded in much of the region's scientific research and conservation policies. We conclude by offering a new model and set of working hypotheses from which future scientific studies and management policies can benefit.
Information Flows, Stock Market Volatility and the Systemic Risk in Global Finance
Authors: Chen Yen‐Hsiao , Wu Jiang , McManus Richard , Liu Yang
Published: February 2025

Information flows are a theoretical explanation for stock market volatility, but controversy remains regarding how to measure them. Based on cross‐sectional and temporal properties of information flows, we decompose total trading volume into four types: cross‐country shocks and country‐specific shocks due to arrivals of private information, and trading volume shocks and stock volatility shocks due to public information. We then use a Structural Vector Autoregressive model to reconstruct historical trading volume resulted from the four types of information shocks. The evidence shows that the historical trading volumes due to private information flow can explain volatility clustering of stock markets. By analysing sources of information flow, we find private information flow reflects systemic risk in the global financial system. The result conforms to Mixture of Distribution Hypothesis and finds that quality of information content is what differentiates privately informed trading from public information trading. It further suggests the main drivers of stock market volatility are uncertainties about fundamental values of assets and about other investors' behaviours.
Re‐Investigating Ireland's Maximum Air Temperature Record—Kilkenny Castle, 26 June 1887
Authors: Kelly Ciarán , O'Sullivan John , McGovern Jonathan , Curley Mary
Published: February 2025

In this study, data rescue and analysis of available station archives from the late 19th and the early 20th century were carried out to re‐investigate Ireland's maximum air temperature record of 33.3°C at Kilkenny Castle on 26 June 1887. In addition to analysing this data in detail, we also conducted a comprehensive investigation of newspaper archives and meteorological documents published at the time of the record. The year 1887—and the month of June in particular—was exceptional in Ireland, with unprecedented drought and heat conditions across the island. Many places saw high temperatures during this period, with several stations recording temperatures in excess of 30°C. We also investigated inspectors' reports and station metadata for Kilkenny Castle, which lend support to the record temperature. A thorough analysis of the rescued data showed that for some measures (such as the temperature spread across the island on the day of the record), the data support the record temperature; but for some other measures (such as the monthly mean of maximum temperatures), the difference between Kilkenny and the neighbouring stations appears to be anomalous. Following a careful consideration of all of the evidence from both the metadata and the data analysis, our recommendation is that the long‐standing record maximum air temperature value of 33.3°C for Kilkenny Castle on 26 June 1887 should continue to stand, but with some reservations noted.
Accomplishing the SDGs Through Green HRM Practices: Insights From Industrial Sustainability Experts
Authors: Zaidi Syed Yasir Abbas , Aslam Muhammad Faisal , Mahmood Faisal , Ahmad Bilal , Tasaddque Sadia
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary global context, the imperative to simultaneously address environmental, social, and economic challenges has become a paramount global goal. The corporate sector, identified as a significant contributor to environmental crises, is under immense pressure from diverse stakeholders, including regulators, activists, consumers, and competitors, who express concerns about the sector's unsustainable practices. In response to these challenges, the United Nations introduced sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015, envisioning a planet that thrives for all by 2030. Although the achievement of SDGs has become a global agenda, the role of green human resource management practices (GHRMPs) in this pursuit remains inadequately understood. This qualitative study seeks to address the overarching question of how GHRMPs contribute to the actualization of the environmental, economic, and social SDGs. Drawing insights from semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions with 20 sustainability experts, thematic analysis revealed that specific sub‐practices within six core GHRMPs are intricately linked to distinct SDGs. For instance, inclusive hiring practices and diversity programs are identified to contribute to reducing inequalities (SDG 10). Gender‐inclusive groups provide a platform for employees to voice concerns and ideas, encouraging equal participation of men and women in decision‐making processes, ensuring diverse perspectives are considered (SDG 5). Designing healthier workplaces reduces the risk of occupational illnesses and injuries, supports a healthy lifestyle, and contributes to improved overall well‐being (SDG 7). This study offers valuable guidance to business policymakers and civil society actors aiming to enhance the scope of sustainable corporate practices.
The prevalence of constipation in children with new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A retrospective study
Authors: Sabrina Cenni , Antonio Colucci , Salomone Simona , Daniela Pacella , Marianna Casertano , Pietro Buono , Massimo Martinelli , Erasmo Miele , Annamaria Staiano , Caterina Strisciuglio
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Functional constipation (FC) is a common problem in childhood and the first‐line therapy is macrogol. The role of FC in the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly understood. Our main aim was to investigate the prevalence of FC in children before the diagnosis of IBD.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional observational study in pediatric IBD‐patients. We collected data on demographics, clinical and endoscopic characteristics at IBD diagnosis, and on the presence of FC and its treatment before IBD diagnosis.

Results

A total of 238 children with IBD, 104 (44%) with Crohn disease (CD), 130 (56%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 4 (0.016%) with IBD Unclassified (IBD‐U) were enrolled. The mean age was 174 ± 47 months, 56% were male. Forty‐seven out of 238 (19.7%) had a FC history before the IBD diagnosis and 31 out of these 47 patients (65%) received macrogol therapy. In the FC group, we found a delay in the diagnosis of IBD compared to the group with no FC [median (interquartile range [IQR]): 5 months (2.5–9.5) and 2 months (0–4), respectively, p ≤ 0.001]. The difference in terms of endoscopic localization was statistically significant in UC patients presenting FC (p = 0.026) with a prevalence of proctitis and left side colitis (30% and 15%, respectively).

Conclusion

In conclusion our study highlighted a prevalence of constipation in pediatric IBD patients at diagnosis of 19.7%, which must be taken into account to avoid diagnostic delay and which is associated with limited extent of disease in UC pediatric patients.
Development and psychometric validation of a clinical instrument for infant feeding and lifestyle evaluation
Authors: Chan Daniel , Lin Jiaying , Zheng Ruther Teo , Ong Chengsi , Ku Chee Wai , Loo Benny Kai Guo , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Chua Mei Chien , Yap Fabian , Loy See Ling
Published: February 2025

Objective

There is an absence of a comprehensive clinical instrument to assess and track the development of non‐ideal feeding practices and lifestyle behaviours in early childhood. Our primary aim was to develop and validate an assessment instrument, called Feeding, Lifestyle, Activity Goals (FLAGs), designed to serve as a feeding, lifestyle and activity behaviour checklist for children aged 0–2 years.

Methods

This study took place between January and May 2023. Experts evaluated content validity using the criteria of relevance, clarity, simplicity and ambiguity, to calculate the item content validity index (I‐CVI) and scale CVI (S‐CVI) (acceptable cutoff ≥ 0.80). Face validity was assessed by caregivers. Repeated assessments were also performed to determine test‐retest reliability based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) (acceptable cutoff > 0.75). Construct validity was established through principal component analysis (PCA), and internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α coefficient (acceptable cutoff ≥ 0.70).

Results

FLAGs consists of 19 items, with a I‐CVI of 1.00 in 12 out of 19 items, and S‐CVI average of >0.90 for relevance, simplicity and clarity. Among 198 caregivers, 99.0% responded ‘agree’ and ‘strongly agree’ in the criteria of clarity and ambiguity; 99.5% in criterion of relevance, and 100% in criterion of simplicity. PCA showed a two‐component structure (55.9% variance). Overall Cronbach's α was 0.71. Participants repeated FLAGs assessment on an average of 9 days apart, with ICC of 0.861 (p < 0.001) for the total FLAGs scores.

Conclusions

We have developed an instrument which assesses an infant's feeding and lifestyle behaviour from 0 to 2 years, and this has been assessed to have acceptable validity and reliability.
Assessment of Challenging Oncologic Cases: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT, Gemini, and a Multidisciplinary Tumor Board
Authors: Hernández‐Flores Luis A. , López‐Martínez José B. , Rosales‐de‐la‐Rosa Jesús J. , Aillaud‐De‐Uriarte Daniel , Contreras‐Garduño Sergio , Cortés‐González Rubén
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Since its introduction in 2022, public‐access conversational AI, exemplified by ChatGPT and Gemini, has been increasingly utilized in medical decision‐making, though its impact is questionable. This study aims to evaluate its efficacy in assessing complex oncologic cases compared to a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) comprising experts from various specialties.

Methods

A 2‐year retrospective analysis was conducted on 98 oncological cases at a reference medical center in Mexico City. A MTB comprising surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radio‐oncologists, pathologists, among others, reviewed and discussed each case to determine management strategies. We evaluated four key decision points, dichotomized as either affirmative or negative: the need for new imaging studies, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Comprehensive medical documentation accompanied each case. We then compared AI's decisions with those of the MTB using the same criteria and conducted a Cohen's Kappa test to assess agreement.

Results

Agreement between ChatGPT (4o) and Gemini (1.5 Flash), and the MTB ranged from none to slight for additional imaging studies (Gemini: κ = 0.100, p = 0.087; ChatGPT 4o: κ = 0.024, p = 0.592) and chemotherapy (Gemini: κ = 0.089, p = 0.316; ChatGPT 4o: κ = 0.336, p = 0.001). Moderate agreement was observed for decisions regarding surgery (Gemini: κ = 0.194, p = 0.046; ChatGPT 4o: κ = 0.467, p = < 0.001) and radiotherapy (Gemini: κ = 0.214, p = 0.012; ChatGPT 4o: κ = 0.525, p = < 0.001).

Conclusions

Both ChatGPT and Gemini showed moderate agreement with the multidisciplinary tumor board on decisions regarding surgery and radiotherapy. ChatGPT also showed moderate agreement in chemotherapy, but further assessment is needed for other interventions. ChatGPT proved to be superior to Gemini in most key points. The potential of these public access AI in oncology warrants continued exploration to refine its utility in clinical practice.
Reaction Kinetics of NH2 With H2CO and CH3CHO: Modeling Implications for NH3‐Dual Fuel Blends
Authors: Shrestha Krishna Prasad , Mai Tam V.‐T. , Giri Sushant , Reddy V. Mahendra , Szőri Milán , Verma Rakhi , Mauss Fabian , Giri Binod Raj , Huynh Lam Kim
Published: February 2025

Carbon‐free fuels like ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H₂) offer significant potential in combating global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and moving toward zero carbon emissions. Over the past few years, our research has focused on understanding the combustion behavior of carbon‐neutral and carbon‐free fuels. In particular, we have explored the combustion characteristics of NH3 when blended with various hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Our investigation revealed that carbon‐nitrogen cross‐chemistry plays a crucial role in shaping the combustion properties of NH3‐hydrocarbon/oxygenate blends. Specifically, the chemistry of amino (NH2) radicals is vital in influencing the low‐temperature reactivity of these blends. Understanding the interactions between carbon and nitrogen is essential for optimizing combustion processes and improving the emissions profile of NH3‐based fuels. Recognizing the significance of this cross‐chemistry, we investigated the reaction kinetics of NH2 radicals with formaldehyde (H2CO) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) using high‐level ab initio and transition state theory calculations. We computed the potential energy profiles of these reactions at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory to analyze the reactivity of NH2 radicals at various C─H bond sites. The newly derived rate constants have proven to be highly sensitive for modeling the low‐temperature oxidation of NH3‐dual fuel blends, significantly enhancing the predictive accuracy of our previously published kinetic models. This work offers valuable insights into the role of NH2 radicals, thereby advancing the development of NH3‐dual fuel systems.
Long‐Term Follow‐up of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Patel Ram , Gandhi Karan , Dzioba Agnieszka , Khan Halema , Leeper William R. , Strychowsky Julie E. , MacNeil Danielle , Mendez Adrian
Published: February 2025

Objective

The primary objective was to analyze percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) management in the intensive care unit (ICU) by comparison with surgical tracheostomy (ST) outside of the ICU, with respect to: (i) long‐term postoperative outcomes, including rate of follow‐up, return to the emergency department, and major and minor complications; (ii) timing of decannulation, including time to decannulation, decannulation after >30 days, and decannulation at discharge. The secondary objective was to compare perioperative outcomes, including major and minor complications.

Methods

A retrospective study from April 2013 to 2024 at a tertiary referral center. Eligible patients included those over 18 years old without PDT contraindications who received PDT in the ICU or ST.

Results

Final analysis included 250 patients (125 [50%] PDT; 125 [50%] ST). The mean (SD) age of patients was 60.05 (16.41) years, and 85 (34.0%) were female. Compared with the ST group, the PDT group experienced significantly decreased long‐term follow‐up (41 [39.8%] vs. 115 [95.0%], respectively, p < 0.001), increased emergency department returns (61 [64.2%] vs. 31 [26.1%], p < 0.001), longer time to decannulation (estimated median difference: 11.00 days [95% CI: 7.00 to 15.00, p < 0.001]), increased decannulation after >30 days (23 [34.8%] vs. 13 [12.7%], p < 0.001), and similar postoperative complications (8 [8.4%] vs. 8 [6.8%], p = 0.664). The PDT group experienced significantly more perioperative complications (37 [30.1%] vs. 22 [17.6%], p = 0.021).

Conclusion

The decreased long‐term follow‐up, delayed decannulation, and increased complications after PDT highlight potential pitfalls in ICU tracheostomy management, demonstrating the need for refined protocols, appropriate consultant involvement, and improved patient selection.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Renewable Phenolic Resins Based on Nitrogen‐Coordinated Cyclic Boronic Ester Bonds
Authors: Wang Lu , Chang Yuyao , Luo Yu , Zhang Yijie , Jing Xinli , Fan Wei , Wang Shujuan
Published: February 2025

Phenolic resins (PRs) are known for their exceptional performance due to their 3D cross‐linked structure formed during curing. However, this crosslinking makes them non‐reprocessable and difficult to recycle, leading to significant environmental pollution and resource waste. In this study, the reactivity of the phenolic hydroxyl group in thermoplastic PR (abbreviated as NR) is utilized to introduce a highly stable nitrogen‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester (NCB) group into traditional carbon‐chain polymers with the aid of aliphatic isocyanates. This dynamic cross‐linked polymer, based on NCB linkages, not only deforms conveniently under appropriate stimuli but also retains excellent dimensional stability and mechanical properties in service environments. This approach gives full play to the good processability and mechanical performance of NR, enabling the closed‐loop recycling of waste phenolic resins. This method provides a promising solution for sustainable and efficient recycling, offering a novel pathway to reduce the environmental impact of phenolic resins.
Fabrication of a High Proton‐Conducting Sulfonated Fe‐Metal Organic Framework‐Polytriazole Composite Membranes: Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Properties
Authors: Kamble Riddhi , Ghanti Bholanath , Pradhan Debabrata , Banerjee Susanta
Published: February 2025

A series of hybrid composite membranes including polymer‐metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), are synthesized using sulfonated Fe‐MOF and sulfonated polytriazole (PTSF). After being post‐modified by 1,3‐propane sultone, the obtained Fe‐S MOF is incorporated into the polytriazole polymer matrix through the solution blending method. Additionally, a series of polytriazole with a degree of sulfonation of 60 is prepared, with the percentage of the Fe‐S MOF ranging from 3 to 9 weight percent. A comparison is made between the properties of these hybrid membranes and those of the pristine membranes. The hybrid membranes demonstrate a high degree of solubility in every solvent that is employed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm that the MOF is distributed uniformly throughout the polymer matrix. Moreover, well‐separated morphologies are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared hybrid membranes demonstrate enhanced proton conductivities, water absorption, and swelling, all of which are accomplished without influencing the oxidative stability values.
Movement Disorders in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Damásio Joana , Costa Sara , Moura João , Santos Mariana , Lemos Carolina , Mendes Alexandre , Oliveira Jorge , Barros José , Sequeiros Jorge
Published: February 2025

Background

Hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) represents a complex group of disorders, with a wide spectrum of neurological symptoms. Among these, non‐ataxia movement disorders (MD) have been increasingly acknowledged, with variable frequency across different forms.

Objectives

To characterize the type and frequency of MD in patients with HCA. To identify factors associated with MD and analyze their impact on disability.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study starting in 2017, with annual visits according to a structured protocol. Patients were selected from the study database and their clinical and genetic features analyzed.

Results

The cohort comprised 193 symptomatic patients. Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD, also SCA3 or ATX‐ATXN3) and cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (ATX‐RFC1) were the most common autosomal dominant (AD) or recessive forms, with a frequency of 14.0% and 15.0%, respectively. MD were present in 95 (54.4%), with dystonia being the most common (49.2%). Tremor was identified in 10.9%, Parkinsonism in 4.1% and chorea in 3.6% patients. Myoclonus and tics were rare (2.6% and 0.5%). The presence of MD was associated with AD inheritance and ATXN3. MD, regardless of type, correlated with higher SARA score at baseline, increased fall frequency, confinement to wheelchair, and earlier occurrence of falls and of permanent use of walking aid.

Conclusions

Movement disorders, particularly dystonia, were common in our cohort. This highlights the possible role of the cerebellum in MD, but also extra‐cerebellar involvement in some HCA. Presence of MD significantly worsened motor disability, highlighting the need for strategies of early identification and tailored management.