bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lamarckian mechanisms as developmental bias and their Darwinian base – descriptive versus explanatory biology (full version)
Authors: Gecow Andrzej
Published: October 2019

The article points out the main obstacles in the discussion of Lamarckian mechanisms, resulting from overly persisted beliefs, habits and understatement. The aim of the article is not to show new biological observation, but to indicate the need to change methodology. ‘Lamarckian mechanisms’ are those that create ‘non-random’ changes (in the aspect of adaptation), and even ‘resulting from instruction’, and these changes become evolutionary. It is part of ‘developmental biases’. To avoid widespread prejudices a permanent stress is needed that such ‘Lamarckian mechanisms’ are an effect of Darwinian mechanisms but this stress is not enough visible. The term ‘Lamarckism’ has two meanings unreasonably connected. The correct meaning is, that adaptive evolutionary changes can be induced by environment and next they are inherited, but typically it is understood as irrational believing that evolutionary changes are adaptive without necessity of help of Darwinian mechanisms. In this case the terms ‘Lamarckian mechanisms’ and ‘Lamarckism’ are not coherent which leads to misunderstanding. Such irrational Lamarckism has small base in Lamarck’s view, it arisen from too shallow interpretation of Lamarck. In the theme ‘inheritance of acquired characters’ a few steps to evolutionary change is indicated, which typically are omitted in the description. Old such descriptions need rebuilding in a new coherent system of notions but to create such system a theory is necessary. The Lamarckian dimension of evolution protrudes beyond the basics of Modern Synthesis however necessity to change the name of the synthesis to Extended Evolutionary Synthesis is discretionary decision. It would be obligatory, when the Modern Synthesis will be treated as typical theory derived from specified assumptions when its assumptions are extended. The article points to the growing need to pay more attention to the precision of definition, specification of assumptions and abstract inference, as deficiencies in these areas are the main cause of misunderstanding and a brake on progress. Unfortunately, they are not appreciated in biology, and even ‘speculations’ are considered undesirable.
“MELATIH PENGAPLIKASIAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM KEPERAWATAN”
Authors: Syafridayani Fadillah
Published: October 2019

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana cara melatih diri untuk mengaplikasikan berpikir kritis dalam keperawatan agar meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan yang benar kepada pasien. Jenis kajian ini adalah Literature review pengumpulan data dan menganalisis data. Adapun pengumpulan data pada kajian ini diambil dari sumber data, yang dimaksut sumber data dalam kajian ini adalah subjek dari mana data diperoleh seperti buku referensi, e-book dan jurnal. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa melatih pengaplikasian berpikir kritis adalah dengan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, adapun kemampuan yang harus dilatih adalah berpikir secara aktif dengan menggunakan inteligensia pe-ngetahuan dan keterampilan diri untuk menjawab pertanyaan, dengan cermat menggali situasi dengan mengaju-kan dan menjawab pertanyaan yang relevan, berpikir untuk diri sendiri dan secara cermat menelaah berbagai ide dan mencapai kesimpulan yang berguna, meninjau situasi perspektif yang berbeda untuk mengembangkan suatu pemahaman yang mendalam dan menyeluruh, serta dengan mendiskusikan ide dalam suatu cara yang terorganisasi untuk pertukaran dan menggali ide dengan orang lain. Diharapkan perawat dapat menerapkan cara melatih kemampuan berpikir kritis agar dapat mengaplikasikannya dalam keperawatan terhadap asuhan keperawatan pasien.
Bina Swadaya
Authors: parengkuan angel kristiani
Published: October 2019

about summary of third sector in Indonesia : Bina Swadaya
Overinformative speakers are cooperative: Revisiting the Gricean Maxim of Quantity
Authors: Rubio-Fernandez Paula
Published: October 2019

A pragmatic account of referential communication is developed which presents an alternative to traditional Gricean accounts by focusing on cooperativeness and efficiency, rather than informativity. The results of four language-production experiments support the view that speakers can be cooperative when producing redundant adjectives, doing so more often when color modification could facilitate the listener’s search for the referent in the visual display (Experiment 1a). By contrast, when the listener knew which shape was the target, speakers did not produce redundant color adjectives (Experiment 1b). English speakers used redundant color adjectives more often than Spanish speakers, suggesting that speakers are sensitive to the differential efficiency of prenominal and postnominal modification (Experiment 2). Speakers were also cooperative when using redundant size adjectives (Experiment 3). Overall, these results show how discriminability affects a speaker’s choice of referential expression above and beyond considerations of informativity, supporting the view that redundant speakers can be cooperative.
Object Clusters or Spectral Energy? Assessing the Relative Contributions of Image Phase and Amplitude Spectra to Trypophobia
Authors: Pipitone R. Nathan , DiMattina Chris
Published: October 2019

Trypophobia refers to the visual discomfort experienced by some people when viewing clustered patterns (e.g., clusters of holes). Trypophobic images deviate from the 1/f amplitude spectra typically characterizing natural images by containing excess energy at mid-range spatial frequencies. While recent work provides partial support for the idea of excess mid-range spatial frequency energy causing visual discomfort when viewing trypophobic images, a full factorial manipulation of image phase and amplitude spectra has yet to be conducted. Here, we independently manipulated the phase and amplitude spectra of 31 Trypophobic images using a standard Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Participants rated the four different versions of each image for levels of visual comfort, and completed the Trypophobia Questionnaire (TQ). Images having the original phase spectra intact (with either original or 1/f amplitude) explained the most variance in comfort ratings and were rated lowest in comfort. However, images with the original amplitude spectra but scrambled phase spectra were rated higher in comfort, with a smaller amount of variance in comfort attributed to the amplitude spectrum. Participant TQ scores correlated with comfort ratings only for images having the original phase spectra intact. There was no correlation between TQ scores and comfort levels when participants viewed the original amplitude / phase-scrambled images. Taken together, the present findings show that the phase spectrum of trypophobic images, which determines the pattern of small clusters of objects, plays a much larger role than the amplitude spectrum in determining visual comfort.
Evidentiality and flexibility of source reporting
Authors: Castelain Thomas , Floyd Simeon , Mercier Hugo
Published: October 2019

The reporting of the sources of our statements—whether we have, e.g., seen something or been told something—plays an important role in communication. The inaccurate reporting of sources is often associated with the spread of inaccurate beliefs, as when rumors are attributed to a non-existent credible source. Experiments have revealed that participants display a substantial amount of flexibility in the reporting of sources, in particular by attributing to themselves ideas they have acquired from others. However, these participants belonged to large-scale societies, and they spoke languages without grammatical evidential marking. Both factors might increase flexibility in source reporting. To test whether members of small-scale societies speaking languages with evidential marking also display flexibility in source reporting, we conducted two experiments with Quichua and Cha’palaa speakers in Ecuador. In both experiments, some participants acquired a belief through social transmission, and then had to communicate this belief to another participant. In doing so, very few participants mentioned the social source of their belief, whether explicitly, or by using the relevant evidential markers. These results show that flexibility in source reporting is a cross-culturally robust phenomenon, and that grammatical evidential marking does not appear to strongly affect this flexibility.
Does the understanding of complex dynamic events at 10 months predict vocabulary development?
Authors: Durrant Samantha , Jessop Andrew , Chang Franklin , Bidgood Amy , Peter Michelle , Pine Julian , Rowland Caroline F
Published: October 2019

By the end of their first year, infants are able to interpret many different types of complex dynamic visual events, such as caused-motion, chasing, and goal-directed action. Infants of this age are also in the early stages of vocabulary development, producing their first words at around 12 months. The present work examined whether there are meaningful individual differences in infants’ ability to represent dynamic causal events in visual scenes and whether these differences influence vocabulary development. As part of the longitudinal Language 0-5 Project, 78 10-month-old infants were tested on their ability to interpret three dynamic motion events, involving (a) caused-motion, (b) chasing behaviour, and (c) goal-directed movement. Planned analyses found that infants showed evidence of understanding the first two event types, but not the third. Looking behaviour in each task was not meaningfully related to vocabulary development, nor were there any correlations between the tasks. The results of additional exploratory analyses and simulations suggested that the infants’ understanding of each event may not be predictive of their vocabulary development, and that looking times in these tasks may not be reliably capturing any meaningful individual differences in their knowledge. This raises questions about how to convert experimental group designs to individual differences measures, and how to interpret infant looking time behaviour.
Challenges and Opportunities for Neuroimaging in Young Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Coordinated Effort towards Advancing Discovery from the ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI Group
Authors: Dennis Emily L. , Caeyenberghs Karen , Asarnow Robert F. , Babikian Talin , Bartnik-Olson Brenda , Bigler Erin D. , Figaji Anthony , Giza Christopher C , Goodrich-Hunsaker Naomi J , Hodges Cooper B , Hoskinson Kristen , Königs Marsh , Levin Harvey S , Lindsey Hannah , Livny Abigail , Max Jeffrey E , Merkley Tricia , Newsome Mary R , Olsen Alexander , Ryan Nicholas P , Spruiell Matthew S , Suskauer Stacy J , Thomopoulos Sophia I , Ware Ashley L. , Watson Christopher , Wheeler Anne L , Yeates Keith O , Zielinski Brandon , Thompson Paul , Tate David F , Wilde Elisabeth A.
Published: October 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population; however, research in this population lags behind research in adults. This may be due, in part, to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. Specific developmental issues also warrant attention in studies of children, and the ever-changing context of childhood and adolescence may require larger sample sizes than are commonly available to adequately address remaining questions related to TBI. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate-Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis. In this paper we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.
The Study of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma: Recommendations from the Enhancing Neuroimaging and Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group
Authors: Esopenko Carrie , Meyer Jessica , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Marshall Amy D. , Tate David F , Lin Alexander P. , Koerte Inga K. , Werner Kimberly B. , Dennis Emily L. , Ware Ashley L. , de Souza Nicola L. , Menefee Deleene S. , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Stein Dan J. , Bigler Erin D. , Shenton Martha E. , Hillary Frank
Published: October 2019

Intimate partner violence includes psychological aggression, physical violence, sexual violence, and stalking from a current or former intimate partner. Experiencing intimate partner violence is associated with impaired neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning, mental illness, as well as structural brain alterations. These impairments seem to be compounded by exposure to physical trauma to the head. Importantly, up to 90% of women exposed to intimate partner violence also experience some form of head trauma or even repetitive head trauma. However, research on this topic is sparse, and the neurobehavioral and neurobiological effects of head trauma in this population have not been systematically investigated. A key aim of the EnhancingNeuroimaging and Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group is to provide recommendations for the harmonization of measures collected to facilitate the meta-analysis of neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and genetic data across studies. Here, we review the current literature on the impact of intimate partner violence-related head trauma in men and women. We further provide recommendations for studies examining the effects of intimate partner violence-related head trauma on neuronal, cognitive, and psychological functioning, as well as the influence of genetic variation. We anticipate that the harmonization of measures across studies will increase the statistical power in characterizing how IPV-related head trauma impacts long-term physical and psychological health, as well as in determining the influence of common comorbidities and genetic variation.
The Value of the Persatuan Islam (PERSIS)
Authors: Velasufah Whasfi , Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Persatuan Islam (abbreviated PERSIS or Islamic Union) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia founded on 12 September 1923 in Bandung by a group of Muslims who are interested in education and religious activities. PERSIS is important because it has attempted to define for Indonesian society just what it is that constitutes Islam, the basic principles of that religion are, and constitutes proper religious behavior for Muslims.
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Authors: Azalea Fariha
Published: October 2019

Argumentation plays an important role in the development of science which is not just finding and presenting facts, but building arguments and considering them, and debating various explanations about phenomena. The research aimed to capture the consistency of argument by students on socioscientific issues of cloning. Students have chosen purposively with the subject of 170 high school students from three high schools in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. This research uses a case study approach with a descriptive analysis to analyze student test results of argumentation. The consistency of argument consists of claims and reasons itself. The result shows the pattern of agreeing and disagree about cloning in 3 topics; 1) human, 2) animal for Qurban purposes, 3) extinct animals. The higher consistency showed disagree in topics 1&2 about 56,47% and consistency of reason for each topic are 1)religion 40%, 2) religion 57,6% and 3) science 83,5%. Then, the consistency of agreeing for all topics is 2,35% and disagree is 14,71%. This provides that, consistency in argumentation between topics of cloning is based on the context of phenomena, which is greatly influenced by science, religion, and social norms. It needs to be implemented to improved students argumentation in schools.
Peran Media Sosial Sebagai Upaya Pemasaran Bisnis Online Shop Pada Online Shop Antler MakeUp - @antler.makeup
Authors: Rusdiono Rusdiono
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to study the Role of Social Media as an Online Store Business Marketing Effort. This study used a descriptive type of research using qualitative. The research subject is the Online Shop Seller Antler MakeUp which provides information about facts or opinions. @ Antler.makeup on Instagram, @ antler. Make your own selling MakeUp with famous brands not Original but have original grade or really like the original makeup. What attracts the attention of this research is that social media from @antlermakeup is very thematic and neat, this is one of the factors that will influence interested people from online shopping to buy through social media. What's more interesting in Antler MakeUp is always reviewing merchandise in detail in the form of videos or photos on Insta-story, a good form of marketing done by Antler Makeup is to write clearly in the bio description. Viewed from social media @ antler. Using Instagram proved that social media is now very proven in making online shops. However, online social media stores must be very well organized, have an interesting and consistent theme to attract customers to buy goods at online stores. Online business, indeed much easier and cheaper compared to ordinary stores, in terms of business capital, most of the funds can be settled. Keywords: Internet, Social Media, Social Media Marketing, Online Stores,
Analisis Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus: Puskesmas Kadugede Kuningan Jawa Barat)
Authors: Kurniasari Rani , Maulana Ikhsan
Published: October 2019

Employees as human resources in the company need to be managed properly. By providing high job satisfaction, it is expected that employees will voluntarily work with good work discipline. This research was conducted to find out job satisfaction with employee work discipline at the Kadugede Kuningan Health Center, West Java. The author uses the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Salutions) application to calculate the regression equation test, and ANOVA with an error rate of 5% or 0.05. The entire population as a sample is saturated sampling using a Likert Scale. Based on the calculation of 48 respondents on the distribution of the questionnaire, the correlation coefficient value of 0.482 means that job satisfaction and work motivation on work discipline have a strong influence. Job satisfaction and work motivation contributed 48.2% to the occurrence of work discipline, and 51.8% was influenced by other variables outside this study. The results of the regression equation Y Y = 10.068 + 0.526X1 + 0.257X2 + e. If X = 0, the value of work discipline is 10,068 or without being influenced by job satisfaction and work motivation. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Work motivation, Work discipline
PERIZINAN TENAGA KERJA ASING, KEBIJAKAN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: October 2019

Penyederhanaan  perizinan  tenaga kerja asing (TKA) yang masuk ke Indonesia adalah sebagai –salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dalam rangka mendatangkan investasi asing.untuk membiayai pembangunan nasional. Masuknya investasi asing selalu terkait dengan masuknya tenaga kerja asing ke Indonesia. Regulasi mengenai tenaga kerja asing diatur dalam  Undang-Undang No.13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Untuk melaksanakan undang-undang tersebut dibuatlah Peraturan Presiden, Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja, serta Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja. Pembahasan dalam  penulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui  tentang  perizinan tenaga kerja asing dan peraturan perundangan yang mengaturnya  serta pelaksanaan tentang perizinan tega kerja asing.  Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif,. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Perizinan tenaga kerja asing saat ini lebih mudah karena dapat dilakukan secara Online Namun demikian dalam undang-undang dan peraturan pelaksananya  mengatur secara ketat tentang persyaratan bagi tenaga kerja asing. Dalam prakteknya  masih terjadi pelanggaran perizinan dan penggunaan tenaga kerja asing. Bahkan banyak tenaga kerja asing yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai tenaga kerja seperti buruh kasar  (unskills worker) bekerja di Indonesia.Untuk mengatasinya perlu pengawasan secara ketat dari berbagai institusi yang terkait serta membatasi  tenaga kerja asing yang masuk Indonesia. Hanya tenaga kerja asing yang memiliki keahlian yang dapat bekerja di Indonesia
CRM 2.0 sebagai Strategi Layanan Rumah Sakit Kelas C terhadap Pasien BPJS –KIS
Authors: Sudana Dhana , Emanuel Andi W.R.
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang: Pelayanan asuransi dari pemerintah (JKN) melalui badan penyelenggara BPJS-KIS saat ini merupakan bagian besar rumah sakit yang ada di Indonesia. Meskipun begitu masih banyak peserta BPJS-KIS yang masih belum mengetahui tatacara menggunakan asuransi JKN di rumah sakit.  Pihak rumah sakit melalui Customer Relationship Management (CRM) seharusnya bisa memberikan informasi tersebut melalui website atau melalui media social RS. Tujuan: Penelitian ini memberikan usulan model penyampaian informasi melalui model social-CRM sebagai bentuk ikatan antara pasien asuransi pemeritah BPJS-KIS terhadap rumah sakit kelas C di Yogyakarta sebagai rujukan pertama Faskes 1.   Method: peneliti mengambil contoh website rumah sakit kelas C di Yogyakarta baik rumah sakit pemerintah, organisasi sosial dan swasta. Dari website rumah sakit tersebut kami menganalisis seberapa besar bentuk informasi tentang asuransi dan service RS terhadap pasien BPJS _KIS. Kami memberikan usulan desain model social-CRM atau CRM-2.0 untuk rumah sakit dengan memasukan informasi BPJS-KIS dalam menu khusus. Dalam model social CRM ini kami memberikan usulan fitur yang mudah di akses peserta/ pasien KIS yang di hubungan dengan social media RS seperti Facebook, twiter instagram dll. Hasil: Bentuk usulan social CRM rumah sakit yang diperuntukan masyarakat pengguna asuransi BPJS –KIS yang dapat diakses melalui social media RS.
Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Pada Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 16 Jakarta Kota Jakarta Barat
Authors: Putra Indra Permana , Junaidi Agus , Handayani Popon , Yunita Yunita
Published: October 2019

Teknologi Informasi sudah menjadi pilihan utama dalam menciptakan suatu sistem informasi yang dapat memberikan informasi secara tepat dan akurat. Sistem Informasi  Perpustakaan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 16 Jakarta Kota Jakarta Barat masih menggunakan sistem manual. Sistem ini sudah kurang sesuai dimana peminjaman buku dan pengembalian buku masih menggunakan buku atau kertas dalam bertransaksi, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dalam melakukan pengelolahan pencatatan data buku peminjaman dan pengembalian. Dari uraian masalah diatas maka diperlukan suatu sistem informasi pengelolahan data perpustakaan pada Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 16 Jakarta Kota Jakarta Barat agar sistem menjadi lebih efisien seperti halnya sistem peminjaman dan pengembalian yang sering bermasalah dan memakan waktu yang lama sehingga membutuhkan perkembangan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang ada misalnya menggunakan website dan memudahkan petugas dalam melakukan pencatatan transaksi peminjaman dan pengembalian buku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan model Waterfall. Model air terjun (Waterfall) sering juga disebut model sekuensial linier (sequential liniear) atau alur hidup klasik (classic life cycle). Hasilnya sistem informasi perpustakaan ini dapat mempermudah petugas perpustakaan dalam mengelola data perpustakaan serta mempercepat proses pembuatan laporan dengan memilih opsi cetak
KONSTRUKSI MAKNA HIJRAH BAGI ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS LET’S HIJRAH DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL LINE
Authors: Prasanti Ditha , Indriani Sri Seti
Published: October 2019

Hijrah has different meanings for members of Let's Hijrah community. This Islamic community calls its community as Let's Hijrah according to its hopes and goals in life to lead them to a better life change. In this study, the writer  investigatd the construction of the meaning of Hijrah itself for members of Let's Hijrah community in social media LINE. This community provides all kinds of information and monitors all its activities through LINE's social media group account. Thus, the process of communication that exists was more dominant in the LINE social media accounts. The author used a qualitative approach to explaining this research. The results of this research had shown that the construction of the meaning of hijrah for the members of Ler's Hijrah community in LINE social media consists of: (1) Hijrah is agreed as the purpose of life to make a change to a better thing according to the teachings of Islam; (2) Hijrah must be demonstrated in both verbal and non-verbal contexts by every member of Let's Hijrah community; (3) Hijrah is also interpreted as the formation of each member's identity in the community of Let's Hijrah.
Actualización en el tratamiento de la migraña: péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP)
Authors: Ferllini Montealegre Stephanie María , Miranda Muñoz María Fernanda , Picado Álvarez Allan David
Published: October 2019

La migraña es una enfermedad neurológica prevalente, crónica y episódica que está asociada a una gran carga a nivel mundial de discapacidad. Actualmente, el tratamiento para la migraña implica un enfoque múltiple e integral de medicamentos abortivos, preventivos y bioconductuales, pero al ser esta una enfermedad poligénica con escasez de tratamientos genera la necesidad de investigar nuevas terapias. Se ha observado que el péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina tiene gran importancia en la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad, por lo cual su disminución farmacológica tiene gran impacto clínico en la vida de los pacientes afectados, es por eso que hoy en día el papel de este gen forma parte de las principales líneas de investigación en migraña.
"We Had to Stick Together"
Authors: Brooms Derrick
Published: October 2019

Studies investigating disadvantaged urban neighborhoods often focus on students’ academic underperformance, ways they succumb to environmental stressors, involvement in illicit activities, and adherence to street-oriented behaviors and culture. This article focuses on the ways a select group of Black boys in the US successfully navigated structural impediments and interpersonal challenges during their secondary school years and eventually matriculated to college. Drawing on interview data, the article examines students’ sense-making and the importance of their peers in navigating the urban environment: (1) interactions with people in the neighborhood and (2) strategies to negotiate the urban environment context in pursuit of their educational aspirations. The students’ narratives highlight the benefits they assign to their peer relationships and collectivist efforts to support their educational goals.
Conceptual History and South Asian History
Authors: Stille Max
Published: October 2019

This review article provides an overview of important, recent approaches to conceptual history from scholarship on South Asia. While conceptual history is not a consolidated field in South Asia, the colonial encounter has greatly stimulated interest in conceptual inquiries. Recent scholarship questions the uniformity even of well-researched concepts such as liberalism. It is methodologically innovative in thinking about the influence of economic structures for the development of concepts. Rethinking religious and secular languages, scholars have furthermore stressed the importance of smaller communicative units such as genre or hermeneutical practices to shape ideas e.g. of the political. As part of global and imperial formations, scholars are well aware of the link between power and colonial temporalities. Lastly, they have suggested new sources for conceptual history, such as literature, film, and sound.
The Influence of Thomas Carlyle among Economists in Britain, c. 1880–1920
Authors: Jordan Alexander
Published: October 2019

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) is commonly remembered as the archnemesis of economics, which he notoriously dubbed “the dismal science.” This article, however, suggests that Carlyle’s ideas in fact had a considerable influence among economists during the decades following his death. Indeed, an array of economists cited Carlyle in criticizing self-interest, laissez-faire, and materialism, in suggesting that economic science ought to accord greater importance to moral and ethical factors, and in urging the “Captains of Industry” and the state to exercise paternal guidance over the working classes. In short, Carlyle’s writings shaped these economists’ understanding, portrayal, and critique of the previous generation of so-called “old” economists, as well as their self-understanding as self-professed “new” economists.
The Chinese in the Initiation of America's Pan-Indianism
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: October 2019

Despite some scholarly attention, the Native-American–Chinese association is mainly studied from the White perspective. One may get the impression that connections between the two similarly marginalized groups are either imagined or promoted by Whites for their own benefit. But, as a matter of fact, American Indians, joined by their White friends, did initiate associations with the Chinese out of their own racial considerations. One case in point is Pan-Indians’ reference to the Chinese in the process of forging a united and unique identity for the Indian race at the turn of the twentieth century. With those allusions, Native Americans were constructed into a group that was exceptional and progressive, benevolent and cosmopolitan—in short, a group that Whites should accept and respect as fellow Americans. Passively involved in proving Indians’ eligibility for American nationality, the Chinese emerged as racialized but less repugnant than they had been in Whites’ racist depictions. Pan-Indians’ citation of the Chinese thus registers the caution with which they navigated the constraints imposed by American racism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study
Authors: Küçükkubaş Nigar , Aytar Sinem Hazır , Açıkada Caner , Hazır Tahir
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Adolescence is characterized by a rapid and erratic growth period. Many factors completely change in growth period up to 20 years of age, with a very slight alteration during the later years of life. Bioelectric impedance analyzers (BIA) are used in estimating the total and segmental body composition compartments.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the validity of different BIAs for young male athletes.

METHODS:

Sixty-one young male athletes (basketball, football, handball, swimming, and skiing) participated in the study. The validity of Tanita 401A (TANITA), Jawon Segmental Body Composition Analysers model AVIS 333 Plus (AVIS), and Biodynamics Model 310e (BIODYNAMICS) was tested by Bland & Altman analysis and heteroscedasticity, providing the gold standard criterion method, hydrostatic weighing (HW) for body density (D[Formula: see text]), body fat percentage (%BF), and lean body mass (LBM).

RESULTS:

BIA models used for predicting body composition, except for %BF of TANITA, are valid and in accord with HW for young male athletes. TANITA had significantly lower %BF (5.75 [Formula: see text] 2.95%) and higher LBM (62.12 [Formula: see text] 7.53 kg), compared to HW (10.79 [Formula: see text] 4.17 %BF and 58.80 [Formula: see text] 7.38 kg LBM). Percent BF of BIODYNAMICS and AVIS results were significantly higher (2.04% and 3.3% respectively) than %BF of HW.

CONCLUSION:

Prediction of body composition compartments of young male athletes using BIA models is valid except for %BF by TANITA. LBM values of HW and BIA models can be used interchangeably. However, these BIA softwares do not have specific options concerning athletic status for the growing age and sex group to clarify population specificity in adolescent male athletes. Therefore, using the same BIA model is recommendable in following up training regimen and nutritional status, in order to avoid underestimating or overestimating the body composition compartments.
Effects of the abdominal draw-in maneuver on transversus abdominis thickness, electromyography activity of the trunk muscles, and kinematics of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during L & L tasks
Authors: Kang Min-Hyeok , Lee Dong-Kyu , Kim Jun-Seok , Oh Jae-Seop
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

The abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) has been suggested to increase trunk stabilizing muscle activity; however, no study has identified the effects of the ADIM on trunk muscles and trunk movements during lifting and lowering (L & L) tasks.

OBJECTIVE:

We examined the effects of the ADIM on transversus abdominis (TrA) thickness during standing, the activity of the TrA, internal oblique (IO) and multifidus (MF), and the kinematics of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during L & L tasks.

METHODS:

Fifteen male participants practiced expirations without and with the ADIM using ultrasound biofeedback. After training for each condition, the participants performed expirations with and without the ADIM in the standing position and during L & L tasks. TrA thickness during the standing position and muscular activities (EMG) of the bilateral TrA/IO and MF, and the peak angle of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in the sagittal plane during L & L tasks were measured.

RESULTS:

TrA thickness during standing was increased with expiration with ADIM compared to that without the ADIM ([Formula: see text] 0.05). When performing expiration with the ADIM, increased activity of the TrA/IO and MF was observed by EMG, as well as peak pelvic anterior tilt and hip flexion with decreased peak lumbar flexion during L & L tasks ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The ADIM could be an effective strategy to improve trunk stability and reduce lumbar flexion during L & L tasks.
The effects of whole body vibration training combined with blood flow restriction on von Willebrand factor response
Authors: Lin Tsung-Cheng , Cai Zong-Yan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise benefits muscle performance. However, there is limited research on vascular dysfunction, particularly using involuntary muscle contraction modality plus BFR.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the acute and accumulative effects of whole body vibration (WBV) with BFR on vascular dysfunction, as evaluated by von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels.

METHODS:

Physically inactive men were randomly assigned to the WBV [Formula: see text] BFR group ([Formula: see text] 8) and the WBV group ([Formula: see text] 8). Participants in the WBV group were subjected to 10 sets of internment WBV exercise 20 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Participants in the WBV [Formula: see text] BFR group received the same WBV treatment, but the proximal portion of the thighs was compressed by inflatable cuffs.

RESULTS:

The increase in vWF levels in the acute WBV [Formula: see text] BFR group was significantly higher ([Formula: see text] 0.05) by 17.2% than that in the WBV group. However, vWF levels exhibited equal decrements in the two groups after training ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

: WBV [Formula: see text] BFR may acutely cause vascular dysfunction potential to a greater extent than WBV alone. However, regular WBV and WBV [Formula: see text] BFR training may produce an equally beneficial effect on vascular function in a previously untrained population.
A multi-server oblivious dynamic searchable encryption framework
Authors: Hoang Thang , Yavuz Attila A. , Durak F. Betül , Guajardo Jorge
Published: October 2019

Data privacy is one of the main concerns for data outsourcing on the cloud. Although standard encryption can provide confidentiality, it prevents the client from searching/retrieving meaningful information on the outsourced data thereby, degrading the benefits of using cloud services. To address this data utilization versus privacy dilemma, Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption (DSSE) has been proposed. DSSE enables encrypted search and update functionality over the encrypted data via a secure index. However, the state-of-the-art DSSE constructions leak information from the access pattern, making them vulnerable against various attacks. While generic Oblivious Random Access Machine (ORAM) can hide the access pattern, it incurs a heavy communication overhead, which was shown costly to be directly used in the DSSE setting. In this article, by exploiting the multi-cloud infrastructure, we develop a comprehensive Oblivious Distributed DSSE (ODSE) framework that allows oblivious search and updates on the encrypted index with high security and improved efficiency over the use of generic ORAM. Our framework contains a series of [Formula: see text] schemes each featuring different levels of performance and security required by various types of real-life applications. ODSE offers desirable security guarantees such as information-theoretic security and robustness in the presence of a malicious adversary. We fully implemented [Formula: see text] framework and evaluated its performance in a real cloud environment (Amazon EC2). Our experiments showed that ODSE schemes are [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] faster than using generic ORAMs on a DSSE encrypted index under real network settings.
One Year of Newborn Screening for SMA – Results of a German Pilot Project
Authors: Vill Katharina , Kölbel Heike , Schwartz Oliver , Blaschek Astrid , Olgemöller Bernhard , Harms Erik , Burggraf Siegfried , Röschinger Wulf , Durner Jürgen , Gläser Dieter , Nennstiel Uta , Wirth Brunhilde , Schara Ulrike , Jensen Beate , Becker Marc , Hohenfellner Katharina , Müller-Felber Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in childhood. The study was conducted to assess the impact of early detection of SMA by newborn screening (NBS) on the clinical course of the disease.

Methods:

Screening was performed in two federal states of Germany, Bavaria and North Rhine Westphalia, between January 2018 and February 2019. The incidence in the screening population was calculated as number of detected patients with a homozygous deletion in the SMN1-gene per number of screened patients. To get an idea about the incidence of newly diagnosed SMA in the year prior to screening a survey covering all neuropediatric centers in the state of Bavaria was conducted, identifying all SMA-cases in 2017 and 2018. Following positive NBS and confirmatory diagnostic test, treatment was advised according to the recommendations of the “American SMA NBS Multidisciplinary Working Group”. Immediate treatment with Nusinersen was recommended in children with 2 and 3 SMN2 copies and a conservative strict follow-up strategy in children with ≥4 copies. All children underwent regular standardized neuropediatric examination, CHOP INTEND and HINE-2 testing as well as electrophysiological exams every 2-3 months.

Results:

165,525 children were screened. 22 cases of SMA were identified, meaning an incidence rate of 1:7524. SMN2 copy number analysis showed 2 SMN2 copies in 45% of patients, 3 SMN2 copies in 19 % and 4 SMN2 copies in 36%. These findings are confirmed in the most recent statistical data-cut from 31st August 2019 (incidence 1:7089, 2 SMN2 copies in 44%, 3 in 15% and 4 in 38%). Comparison with up-to-date German data on SMA incidence and the Bavarian survey give evidence that NBS did not lead to a relevant increase in incidence. 10 patients with 2 or 3 SMN2 copies were treated with Nusinersen, starting between 15– 39 days after birth, in 7/10 patients before onset of symptoms. Presymptomatically treated patients (age at last examination: 1– 12 months, median 8 months) showed no muscle weakness by the age of one month to one year. One child with 4 SMN2 copies became symptomatic at the age of 8 months.

Conclusions:

Newborn screening, resulting in presymptomatic treatment, improves outcome in children with genetically proven SMA. Newborn screening for SMA should be introduced in all countries where therapy is available. An immediate therapy in cases with 4 SMN2 copies should be considered.
Gastrointestinal Immunity and Alpha-Synuclein
Authors: Barbut Denise , Stolzenberg Ethan , Zasloff Michael
Published: October 2019

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is equipped with robust immune defenses which protect the organism from infection. Enteric nerves are front and center in this defensive network, even in the most primitive organisms. Neuropeptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity in the vicinity of the nerve and attract the innate and adaptive immune systems to help confine the invading agent. Alpha-synuclein ( αS) has many biophysical characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and binds small vesicles such as those carrying endocytosed viruses. It is induced in nerve cells in response to viral and bacterial infections. It renders the nerve cell resistant to viral infection and propagation. It signals the immune system by attracting neutrophils and macrophages, and by activating dendritic cells. Most remarkably αS is trafficked to the central nervous system (CNS) conferring immunity in advance of an infection. Chronic GI infection or breakdown of the epithelial barrier can cause αS to accumulate and form neurotoxic aggregates. Overproduction of αS in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and its chronic trafficking to the CNS may damage nerves and lead to Parkinson’s disease. Targeting the formation of αS aggregates in the ENS may therefore slow the progression of the disease.
Technology-Based Objective Measures Detect Subclinical Axial Signs in Untreated, de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Di Lazzaro Giulia , Ricci Mariachiara , Al-Wardat Mohammad , Schirinzi Tommaso , Scalise Simona , Giannini Franco , Mercuri Nicola B. , Saggio Giovanni , Pisani Antonio
Published: October 2019

Background:

Technology-based objective measures (TOMs) recently gained relevance to support clinicians in the assessment of motor function in Parkinson’s disease (PD), although limited data are available in the early phases.

Objective:

To assess motor performances of a population of newly diagnosed, drug free PD patients using wearable inertial sensors and to compare them to healthy controls (HC) and differentiate different PD subtypes [tremor dominant (TD), postural instability gait disability (PIGD), and mixed phenotype (MP)].

Methods:

We enrolled 65 subjects, 36 newly diagnosed, drug-free PD patients and 29 HCs. PD patients were clinically defined as tremor dominant, postural instability-gait difficulties or mixed phenotype. All 65 subjects performed seven MDS-UPDRS III motor tasks wearing inertial sensors: rest tremor, postural tremor, rapid alternating hand movement, foot tapping, heel-to-toe tapping, Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG) and pull test. The most relevant motor tasks were found combining ReliefF ranking and Kruskal– Wallis feature-selection methods. We used these features, linked to the relevant motor tasks, to highlight differences between PD from HC, by means of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Furthermore, we adopted SVM to support the relevance of each motor task on the classification accuracy, excluding one task at time.

Results:

Motion analysis distinguished PD from HC with an accuracy as high as 97%, based on SVM performed with measured features from tremor and bradykinesia items, pull test and TUG. Heel-to-toe test was the most relevant, followed by TUG and Pull Test.

Conclusions:

In this pilot study, we demonstrate that the SVM algorithm successfully distinguishes de novo drug-free PD patients from HC. Surprisingly, pull test and TUG tests provided relevant features for obtaining high SVM classification accuracy, differing from the report of the experienced examiner. The use of TOMs may improve diagnostic accuracy for these patients.
Risk of metabolic syndrome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Moradi Shima , Moludi Jalal , Darbandi Mitra , Niazi Parisa , Nachvak Seyyed Mostafa , Abdollahzad Hadi
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Patients with the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS).

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the dietary intake and dietary diversity score (DDS) in terms of the risk of MetS in patients with NAFLD.

METHODS:

This case- control study was conducted on 96 patients with NAFLD and 114 healthy subjects who were referred to radiology clinics in Kermanshah, Iran. Dietary intake and body composition were assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the bioelectrical impedance analysis respectively. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using data from this FFQ. MetS was determined using the international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria.

RESULTS:

55.2% of NAFLD patients had MetS. Patients with NAFLD consumed significantly less fruits, grains, and dairy products than healthy subjects ( p < 0.001, p = 0.027 and 0.022). Higher intake of red meat in healthy subjects was associated with the increased risk of MetS (OR: 2.16; CI 95% :1.11–4.19).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings indicate a high prevalence of MetS in NAFLD patients. Higher intake of red meat can increase the risk of MetS.
Assessment of novel biomarkers: sTREM-1, pentraxin-3 and pro-adrenomedullin in the early diagnosis of neonatal early onset sepsis
Authors: Tunç T. , Polat A. , Özdemir R. , Kiliçaslan B. , Can E. , Çelik H.T. , Arsan S. , Kader Ş , Erol S. , Uslu S. , Özdemir Ö.M.A. ,   Turkish Neonatal Sepsis Group, Özcan B. , Hanta D. , Dilli D. , Narter F. , Gültekin N. , Güzoğlu N. , Aydemir Ö.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Early onset bacterial sepsis in neonates (EOS) is recognized as an important health condition. Early diagnosis is crucial. However, blood culture results are released in 48–72 hours. Many biomarkers have been investigated but none have been accepted as the gold standard. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the molecules: soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and pro adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in EOS and compare with currently used biomarkers.

METHODS:

In this multicenter prospective study, patients were enrolled from different NICUs around the Turkey. Patient data were collected via web-based registry system from attending centers. Neonates, hospitalized with a suspicion of EOS were enrolled. Blood culture and routine blood tests were collected and a serum sample was obtained and kept in – 80°C for studying the molecules. According to laboratory results, patients were divided into three groups as; proven sepsis, clinical sepsis and control group. Groups were compared in terms of demographic, clinical and laboratory findings. The primary outcome of the study was to assess any difference between groups in terms of the diagnostic value of the markers aforementioned.

RESULTS:

A total of 130 patients were enrolled; proven sepsis ( n = 36), clinical sepsis ( n = 53) and control ( n = 41) groups. Groups were similar in terms of demographic findings; mean WBC ( P = 0.445), procalcitonin (PCT) ( P = 0.083) and IL-6 ( P = 0.814) levels. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher in clinical sepsis and proven sepsis groups compared to control group ( P < 0.001). Mean PTX-3 ( P = 0.547), pro-ADM ( P = 0.766) and sTREM-1 ( P = 0.838) levels were similar between groups.

CONCLUSION:

These promising molecules failed to help in early diagnosis of EOS. Their relation to correlation with disease progression may make more sense as they seem to be expressed in higher amounts with the progression of the disease in previous studies. CRP was the most frequently used biomarker for detecting the sepsis in our study population.