bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Influence of a Magnetomechanical Effect on the Permeability Tensor of a Tensductor Core
Authors: Szewczyk Roman , Nowicki Michał , Ostaszewska-Liżewska Anna , Malinen Mika
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new method of modeling the influence of mechanical stresses on a magnetic permeability tensor of soft magnetic materials. The proposed method utilizes the principal stresses concept to compensate the influence of shear stresses. As a result, the stress dependence of a magnetic permeability tensor may be assessed with only the knowledge about the influence of axial stresses on magnetic properties of isotropic material. The proposed method was used for a finite element method based model of a tensductor designed for measurements of tensile forces. Due to the fact that 2D stresses distribution occurs in a tensductor, simplification of both principal stresses and a magnetic permeability tensor rotation procedure was proposed. As a result, good agreement was reached between the results of modeling and the results of experimental tests. This result validates the possibility of utilization of the proposed modeling method for the design of magnetomechanical devices.
Optimal Designs for Carry Over Effects the Case of Two Treatment and Four Periods
Authors: Chalikias Miltiadis S.
Published: December 2019

The optimal cross-over experimental designs are derived in experiments with two treatments, four periods, and an experimental unit. The results are given for the values n = 0mod4, 1mod4, 2mod4 and 3mod4. The criterion being the minimization of the variance of the estimated carry over effect.
An Exploration Study of the Kagenfels and Natzwiller Granites, Northern Vosges Mountains, France: A Combined Approach of Stream Sediment Geochemistry and Automated Mineralogy
Authors: Steiner Benedikt M. , Rollinson Gavyn K. , Condron John M.
Published: December 2019

Following a regional reconnaissance stream sediment survey that was carried out in the northern Vosges Mountains in 1983, a total of 20 stream sediment samples were collected with the aim of assessing the regional prospectivity for the granite-hosted base and rare metal mineralisation of the northern Vosges magmatic suite near Schirmeck. A particular focus of the investigation was the suspected presence of W, Nb and Ta geochemical occurrences in S-type (Kagenfels) and I-S-type (Natzwiller) granites outlined in public domain data. Multi-element geochemical assays revealed the presence of fault-controlled Sn, W, Nb mineralisation assemblages along the margins of the Natzwiller and Kagenfels granites. Characteristic geochemical fractionation and principal component analysis (PCA) trends along with mineralogical evidence in the form of cassiterite, wolframite, ilmenorutile and columbite phases and muscovite–chlorite–tourmaline hydrothermal alteration association assemblages in stream sediments demonstrate that, in the northern Vosges, S-type and fractionated hybrid I-S-type granites are enriched in incompatible, late-stage magmatic elements. This is attributed to magmatic fractionation and hydrothermal alteration trends and the presence of fluxing elements in late-stage granitic melts. This study shows that the fractionated granite suites in the northern Vosges Mountains contain rare metal mineralisation indicators and therefore represent possible targets for follow-up mineral exploration. The application of automated mineralogy (QEMSCAN®) in regional stream sediment sampling added significant value by linking geochemistry and mineralogy.
Stimulatory Response of Celiac Disease Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Induced by RNAi Wheat Lines Differing in Grain Protein Composition
Authors: Sánchez-León Susana , Giménez María José , Comino Isabel , Sousa Carolina , López Casado Miguel Ángel , Torres María Isabel , Barro Francisco
Published: December 2019

Wheat gluten proteins are responsible for the bread-making properties of the dough but also for triggering important gastrointestinal disorders. Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the population in Western countries. The only treatment available is the strict avoidance of gluten in the diet. Interference RNA (RNAi) is an excellent approach for the down-regulation of genes coding for immunogenic proteins related to celiac disease, providing an alternative for the development of cereals suitable for CD patients. In the present work, we report a comparative study of the stimulatory capacity of seven low-gluten RNAi lines differing in grain gluten and non-gluten protein composition, relevant for CD and other gluten pathologies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 35 patients with active CD were included in this study to assess the stimulatory response induced by protein extracts from the RNAi lines. Analysis of the proliferative response and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) release of PBMCs demonstrated impaired stimulation in response to all RNAi lines. The lower response was provided by lines with a very low content of α- and γ-gliadins, and low or almost devoid of DQ2.5 and p31–43 α-gliadin epitopes. The non-gluten protein seems not to play a key role in PBMC stimulation.
Nutrition and Muscle Strength, As the Key Component of Sarcopenia: An Overview of Current Evidence
Authors: Robinson Sian , Granic Antoneta , Sayer Avan Aihie
Published: December 2019

Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definition of the role of dietary patterns and their influence on muscle strength, to allow effects of changes in food consumption to be evaluated—particularly when combined with physical activity. Development of this evidence is needed to enable translation into appropriate dietary recommendations for older populations.
Lung Function, Dietary Intake, and Weight Status in Children with Persistent Asthma from Low-Income, Urban Communities
Authors: Evans E. Whitney , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne , Kopel Sheryl J. , Jelalian Elissa
Published: December 2019

Objective: Asthma and obesity are prevalent chronic childhood diseases that commonly co-occur in youth from low-income, minority backgrounds. Diet is a known risk factor for obesity; however, its role in asthma/obesity comorbidity is not well established. This analysis examined the association between diet and lung function and effect modification by weight status. Methods: Lung function (FEV1 % predicted), anthropometric, and dietary data were collected from 95 children, ages 7–9 years old with persistent asthma, from low-income, urban communities in the United States. Associations between lung function, diet and weight status were examined using multivariable linear regression. Results: There were no significant differences in dietary intake between children with persistent asthma with and without obesity; however, >85% of participants did not meet recommendations for fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake for their age and sex. Only intake of fruit (whole fruit and juice) was significantly associated with FEV1 % predicted (−3.36; 95% CI: −6.5 to −0.2). Conclusions: Diet quality was poor in this sample, independent of weight status. More research is needed to understand the relationship between diet, lung function, and weight status, so that interventions can be developed to concurrently address obesity and weight.
Energy Expenditure in Older People Hospitalized for an Acute Episode
Authors: Bonnefoy Marc , Gilbert Thomas , Normand Sylvie , Jauffret Marc , Roy Pascal , Morio Béatrice , Cornu Catherine , Roche Sylvain , Laville Martine
Published: December 2019

Weight loss and worsening of nutritional state is a frequent downfall of acute hospitalization in older people. It is usually accepted that acute inflammation is responsible for hypercatabolism. However, several studies suggest, on the contrary, a reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE). This study aimed to obtain a reliable measure of REE and total energy expenditure (TEE) in older patients hospitalized for an acute episode in order to better assess patients’ energy requirements and help understand the mechanisms of weight loss in this situation. Nineteen hospitalized older patients (mean age 83 years) with C-reactive protein (CRP) level >20mg/L were recruited. REE and TEE were measured using gold standard methods of indirect calorimetry and doubly labeled water (DLW), respectively. REE was then compared to data from a previous study on aged volunteers from nursing homes who were free of an acute stressor event. Energy requirements measured by DLW were confirmed at 1.3 × REE. Energy intake covered the needs but did not prevent weight loss in these patients. TEE was not increased in hospitalized patients and was not influenced by inflammation, while the relationship between REE and inflammation was uncertain. Our results suggest that lean mass remains the major determinant of REE in hospitalized older people and that weight loss may not be explained solely by a state of hypercatabolism.
Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review
Authors: Kim Do Hee , Kothandan Vinoth Kumar , Kim Hye Won , Kim Ki Seung , Kim Ji Young , Cho Hyeon Jin , Lee Yong-kyu , Lee Dong-Eun , Hwang Seung Rim
Published: December 2019

Exosomes, intraluminal vesicles that contain informative DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes derived from the original donor cells, have recently been introduced to therapy and diagnosis. With their emergence as an alternative to cell therapy and having undergone clinical trials, proper analytical standards for evaluating their pharmacokinetics must now be established. Molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) are helpful to visualizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of exosomes. After exosomes labelled with a fluorescer or radioisotope are administered in vivo, they are differentially distributed according to the characteristics of each tissue or lesion, and real-time biodistribution of exosomes can be noninvasively monitored. Quantitative analysis of exosome concentration in biological fluid or tissue samples is also needed for the clinical application and industrialization of exosomes. In this review, we will discuss recent pharmacokinetic applications to exosomes, including labelling methods for in vivo imaging and analytical methods for quantifying exosomes, which will be helpful for evaluating pharmacokinetics of exosomes and improving exosome development and therapy.
Protection of Mild Steel by Waterborne Epoxy Coatings Incorporation of Polypyrrole Nanowires/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Ding Yang , Zhong Jiang , Xie Ping , Rong Jinchuang , Zhu Huifang , Zheng Wenbin , Wang Jinglan , Gao Fei , Shen Liang , He Haifeng , Cheng Ziqiang
Published: December 2019

Polypyrrole nanowires/graphene (PPyNG) nanocomposites as anticorrosive fillers were prepared by in situ polymerization in order to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized the morphologies and structures of the synthesized PPyNG. The polypyrrole nanowires with about 50 nm in diameter were obtained. Conjugation length of PPy was increased with the addition of graphene. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, Tafel polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using an electrochemical workstation evaluated the anticorrosion properties of the waterborne epoxy/PPyNG coatings (EPPyNG). The studied nanocomposite coating possessed superior corrosion protection performance when the graphene content of the filler was 2 wt %. Its corrosion rate was about 100 times lower than that of neat epoxy coating. The higher barrier properties of nanocomposite coating and passivation effect of polypyrrole nanowires were beneficial in corrosion protection.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of the VARTM Process for Thin-Walled Preforms
Authors: Wu Da , Larsson Ragnar , Rouhi Mohammad S.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, recent shell model is advanced towards the calibration and validation of the Vacuum-assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process in a novel way. The model solves the nonlinear and strongly coupled resin flow and preform deformation when the 3-D flow and stress problem is simplified to a corresponding 2-D problem. In this way, the computational efficiency is enhanced dramatically, which allows for simulations of the VARTM process of large scale thin-walled structures. The main novelty is that the assumptions of the neglected through-thickness flow and the restricted preform deformation along the normal of preform surface suffice well for the thin-walled VARTM process. The model shows excellent agreement with the VARTM process experiment. With good accuracy and high computational efficiency, the shell model provides an insight into the simulation-based optimization of the VARTM process. It can be applied to either determine locations of the gate and vents or optimize process parameters to reduce the deformation.
Long-Term Change of the Secchi Disk Depth in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia Shown by Landsat TM and ETM+ Data
Authors: Setiawan Fajar , Matsushita Bunkei , Hamzah Rossi , Jiang Dalin , Fukushima Takehiko
Published: December 2019

Most of the lakes in Indonesia are facing environmental problems such as eutrophication, sedimentation, and depletion of dissolved oxygen. The water quality data for supporting lake management in Indonesia are very limited due to financial constraints. To address this issue, satellite data are often used to retrieve water quality data. Here, we developed an empirical model for estimating the Secchi disk depth (SD) from Landsat TM/ETM+ data by using data collected from nine Indonesian lakes/reservoirs (SD values 0.5–18.6 m). We made two efforts to improve the robustness of the developed model. First, we carried out an image preprocessing series of steps (i.e., removing contaminated water pixels, filtering images, and mitigating atmospheric effects) before the Landsat data were used. Second, we selected two band ratios (blue/green and red/green) as SD predictors; these differ from previous studies’ recommendation. The validation results demonstrated that the developed model can retrieve SD values with an R2 of 0.60 and the root mean square error of 1.01 m in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia (SD values ranged from 0.5 to 5.8 m, n = 74). We then applied the developed model to 230 scenes of preprocessed Landsat TM/ETM+ images to generate a long-term SD database for Lake Maninjau during 1987–2018. The visual comparison of the in situ-measured and satellite estimated SD values, as well as several events (e.g., algal bloom, water gate open, and fish culture), showed that the Landsat-based SD estimations well captured the change tendency of water transparency in Lake Maninjau, and these estimations will thus provide useful data for lake managers and policy-makers.
An Object-Based Markov Random Field Model with Anisotropic Penalty for Semantic Segmentation of High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Zheng Chen , Pan Xinxin , Chen Xiaohui , Yang Xiaohui , Xin Xin , Su Limin
Published: December 2019

The Markov random field model (MRF) has attracted a lot of attention in the field of remote sensing semantic segmentation. But, most MRF-based methods fail to capture the various interactions between different land classes by using the isotropic potential function. In order to solve such a problem, this paper proposed a new generalized probability inference with an anisotropic penalty for the object-based MRF model (OMRF-AP) that can distinguish the differences in the interactions between any two land classes. Specifically, an anisotropic penalty matrix was first developed to describe the relationships between different classes. Then, an expected value of the penalty information (EVPI) was developed in this inference criterion to integrate the anisotropic class-interaction information and the posteriori distribution information of the OMRF model. Finally, by iteratively updating the EVPI terms of different classes, segmentation results could be achieved when the iteration converged. Experiments of texture images and different remote sensing images demonstrated that our method could show a better performance than other state-of-the-art MRF-based methods, and a post-processing scheme of the OMRF-AP model was also discussed in the experiments.
Comparison of Lake Optical Water Types Derived from Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3
Authors: Soomets Tuuli , Uudeberg Kristi , Jakovels Dainis , Zagars Matiss , Reinart Anu , Brauns Agris , Kutser Tiit
Published: December 2019

Inland waters play a critical role in our drinking water supply. Additionally, they are important providers of food and recreation possibilities. Inland waters are known to be optically complex and more diverse than marine or ocean waters. The optical properties of natural waters are influenced by three different and independent sources: phytoplankton, suspended matter, and colored dissolved organic matter. Thus, the remote sensing of these waters is more challenging. Different types of waters need different approaches to obtain correct water quality products; therefore, the first step in remote sensing of lakes should be the classification of the water types. The classification of optical water types (OWTs) is based on the differences in the reflectance spectra of the lake water. This classification groups lake and coastal waters into five optical classes: Clear, Moderate, Turbid, Very Turbid, and Brown. We studied the OWTs in three different Latvian lakes: Burtnieks, Lubans, and Razna, and in a large Estonian lake, Lake Võrtsjärv. The primary goal of this study was a comparison of two different Copernicus optical instrument data for optical classification in lakes: Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on Sentinel-3 and Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on Sentinel-2. We found that both satellite OWT classifications in lakes were comparable (R2 = 0.74). We were also able to study the spatial and temporal changes in the OWTs of the study lakes during 2017. The comparison between two satellites was carried out to understand if the classification of the OWTs with both satellites is compatible. Our results could give us not only a better overview of the changes in the lake water by studying the temporal and spatial variability of the OWTs, but also possibly better retrieval of Level 2 satellite products when using OWT guided approach.
Focusing High-Squint Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Based on Factorized Back-Projection and Precise Spectrum Fusion
Authors: Ran Lei , Liu Zheng , Xie Rong , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a microwave imaging algorithm for high-squint airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which combines back-projection and spectrum fusion together. Two spectrum center functions are proposed for linear and nonlinear trajectories respectively, which are the main contributions of this paper, and not considered in conventional work for high-squint SAR. For linear trajectory, the whole aperture data is first divided into sub-apertures with equal length, and the sub-aperture data is backprojected to a unified polar coordinate to generate multiple low-resolution sub-images. Then, these sub-images are corrected by an accurate spectrum center function, which is caused by the presence of squint angle. After spectrum center correction, spectrums of these sub-images can be coherently connected in cross-range wavenumber domain, generating the whole aperture spectrum. Next, the full-resolution image can be obtained by cross-range Fourier transform. For nonlinear trajectory, the deviations introduce extra spectrum shift, which degrades the focusing performance. Another spectrum center function is proposed according to angular-variant motion-error model, which helps to perform precise spectrum fusion. The proposed imaging algorithm is called high-squint accelerated factorized back-projection (HS-AFBP), and it helps to improve the focusing precision. Both the simulation and real data experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed HS-AFBP algorithm.
Spatial Analysis of Pottery Presence at the Former Pobedim Hillfort (an Archeological Site in Slovakia)
Authors: Vojteková Jana , Vojtek Matej , Tirpáková Anna , Vlkolinská Ivona
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was a spatial analysis of the pottery occurrence (potsherds) in the acropolis part of the Pobedim hillfort (Slovakia) using two spatial statistical methods (spatial autocorrelation and kriging interpolation) with the help of GIS and their subsequent comparison. To understand the landscape of the study area, seven land use maps were created for different historical years (1783–1785, 1845, 1882, 1956, 1971, 2010 and 2017) confirming that the study area was predominantly utilized as arable land, which was related to advantageous floodplain location between the rivers of Horný Dudváh and Dubová. Using the Moran coefficient of spatial autocorrelation, it was found that there were seven high–high clusters and three high–low clusters representing the occurrence of potsherds. Using the kriging interpolation, three clusters of high concentration were found. Subsequent comparison of both methods revealed three identical areas with high frequency of pottery occurrence indicating places where significant settlement objects were located, such as the dwelling of a wealthy man, pottery workshop and the like. The difference between the areas with high number of potsherds between the two methods is approximately 12%, which indicates an acceptable match between the two methods and their applicability for spatial (geographic)–archaeological research.
Key Factors Influencing Italian Mothers’ Intention to Vaccinate Sons against HPV: The Influence of Trust in Health Authorities, Anticipated Regret and Past Behaviour
Authors: Caso Daniela , Carfora Valentina , Starace Chiara , Conner Mark
Published: December 2019

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world, is associated with different types of cancer, especially cervical cancer. In Italy in 2017 the Italian Ministry of Health introduced a free HPV vaccination programme for 12-years-old boys. In this study we tested an integrated theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to explain Italian mothers’ intention to vaccinate their sons against HPV. TPB variables plus past behaviour, trust in healthy authorities and anticipated regret were measured by a questionnaire in a sample of 333 Italian mothers of 6–11 years old boys, who were not yet vaccinated against HPV. Results showed that subjective norm was the strongest predictor of mothers’ intention followed by anticipated regret, trust in health authorities, perceived behavioural control and attitude. Mediation analysis found that past behaviour influenced intention via attitude. The discussion considers the relevance of these factors in promoting mothers’ adherence.
Effect of Ni Doping on the MoS2 Structure and Its Hydrogen Evolution Activity in Acid and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Mosconi Dario , Till Paul , Calvillo Laura , Kosmala Tomasz , Garoli Denis , Debellis Doriana , Martucci Alessandro , Agnoli Stefano , Granozzi Gaetano
Published: December 2019

We have investigated three-dimensional (3D) MoS2 nanoarchitectures doped with different amount of Ni to boost the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline environment, where this reaction is normally hindered. As a comparison, the activity in acidic media was also investigated to determine and compare the role of the Ni sites in both media. The doping of MoS2, especially at high loadings, can modify its structural and/or electronic properties, which can also affect the HER activity. The structural and electronic properties of the Ni doped 3D-MoS2 nanoarchitecture were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy (SEM; TEM), and X-ray photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS also allowed us to determine the Ni-based species formed as a function of the dopant loading. The HER activity of the materials was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH. By combining the physicochemical and electrochemical results, we concluded that the Ni sites have a different role in the HER mechanism and kinetics in acidic and in alkaline media. Thus, NiSx species are essential to promote HER in alkaline medium, whereas the Ni-Mo-S ones enhance the HER in acid medium.
Variants of Escherichia coli Subtilase Cytotoxin Subunits Show Differences in Complex Formation In Vitro
Authors: Krause Maike , Sessler Katharina , Kaziales Anna , Grahl Richard , Noettger Sabrina , Barth Holger , Schmidt Herbert
Published: December 2019

The subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a member of the AB5 toxin family. In the current study, we analyzed the formation of active homo- and hetero-complexes of SubAB variants in vitro to characterize the mode of assembly of the subunits. Recombinant SubA1-His, SubB1-His, SubA2-2-His, and SubB2-2-His subunits, and His-tag-free SubA2-2 were separately expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and analytical ultracentrifugation (aUC). To confirm their biological activity, cytotoxicity assays were performed with HeLa cells. The formation of AB5 complexes was investigated with aUC and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding of SubAB2-2-His to HeLa cells was characterized with flow cytometry (FACS). Cytotoxicity experiments revealed that the analyzed recombinant subtilase subunits were biochemically functional and capable of intoxicating HeLa cells. Inhibition of cytotoxicity by Brefeldin A demonstrated that the cleavage is specific. All His-tagged subunits, as well as the non-tagged SubA2-2 subunit, showed the expected secondary structural compositions and oligomerization. Whereas SubAB1-His complexes could be reconstituted in solution, and revealed a Kd value of 3.9 ± 0.8 μmol/L in the lower micromolar range, only transient interactions were observed for the subunits of SubAB2-2-His in solution, which did not result in any binding constant when analyzed with ITC. Additional studies on the binding characteristics of SubAB2-2-His on HeLa cells revealed that the formation of transient complexes improved binding to the target cells. Conclusively, we hypothesize that SubAB variants exhibit different characteristics in their binding behavior to their target cells.
Effect of Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatments on Reduction of Alternaria Toxins Content in Wheat Flour
Authors: Janić Hajnal Elizabet , Vukić Milan , Pezo Lato , Orčić Dejan , Puač Nevena , Škoro Nikola , Milidrag Ardea , Šoronja Simović Dragana
Published: December 2019

Beside Fusarium toxins, Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly found mycotoxins in wheat and wheat products. Currently, investigations of possibilities of reduction of Alternaria toxins in the wheat-processing chain are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potency of cold atmospheric plasma treatments, as a new non-thermal approach, for reduction of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tentoxin (TEN) content in spiked white wheat flour samples. Samples were treated with plasma generated in the air during 30 s to 180 s, with an increment step of 30 s, and at four varying distances from the cold plasma source (6 mm, 21 mm, 36 mm and 51 mm). The reduction of the Alternaria toxins content in samples after treatment was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The maximum reduction of the examined Alternaria toxins was obtained by treatment performed at 6 mm distance from the plasma source, lasting 180 s, resulting in reductions of 60.6%, 73.8% and 54.5% for AOH, AME and TEN, respectively. According to the obtained experimental results, five empirical models in the form of the second-order polynomials were developed for the prediction of AOH, AME and TEN reduction, as well as the temperature and the moisture content of the wheat flour, that gave a good fit to experimental data and were able to predict the response variables successfully. The developed second-order polynomial models showed high coefficients of determination for prediction of experimental results (between 0.918 and 0.961).
Monophosphoryl-Lipid A (MPLA) is an Efficacious Adjuvant for Inactivated Rabies Vaccines
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Chengguang , Li Ruiming , Wang Zongmei , Yuan Yueming , Li Haoqi , Fu Zhenfang , Zhou Ming , Zhao Ling
Published: December 2019

Rabies, as one of the most threatening zoonoses in the world, causes a fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease. So far, vaccination with rabies vaccines has been the most effective measure to prevent and control this disease. At present, inactivated rabies vaccines are widely used in humans and domestic animals. However, humoral immune responses induced by inactivated rabies vaccines are relatively low and multiple shots are required to achieve protective immunity. Supplementation with an adjuvant is a practical way to improve the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies vaccines. In this study, we found that monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA), a well-known TLR4 agonist, could significantly promote the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) through a TLR4-dependent pathway in vitro and the maturation of conventional DCs (cDCs) in vivo. We also found that MPLA, serving as an adjuvant for inactivated rabies vaccines, could significantly facilitate the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs), consequently enhancing the production of RABV-specific total-IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and the virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). Furthermore, MPLA could increase the survival ratio of mice challenged with virulent RABV. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MPLA serving as an adjuvant enhances the intensity of humoral immune responses by activating the cDC–Tfh–GC B axis. Our findings will contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of traditional rabies vaccines.
Applying Biomineralization Technology to Study the Effects of Rainfall Induced Soil Erosion
Authors: Shih Dong-Sin , Lai Tzu-Yi , Hsu Zuo-Ming
Published: December 2019

The rainless days and drought seasons reveal a tendency to lengthen the wet and dry period in recent years in Taiwan. In the bare riverbeds in central Taiwan, such as the Dajia and Zhuoshui rivers, fugitive dust is the common problem during the winter’s dry period with northeast monsoon. The study aims to use the biological method, Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), to solidify the soil and implement a series of rainfall simulator experiments to reduce the Aeolian dust emission problems. Accordingly, the relationship between rainfall-induced soil erosion and its soil specimens are also discussed. The soil conducted the MICP for seven days as the curing age, and then be analyzed the degree of soil solidification under different conditions, rainfall intensity of 41 mm/h and 61 mm/h by the soil erosion experiment. The effect of soil solidification with various relative density of soils of 60%, 70%, and 80%, and hillside slopes of 5°, 10°, 20° were tested. The result indicated that, the higher the relative density of soils, the better the effect of soil solidification would be. The relative density of soils from 60% to 80% all kept the effect of soil solidification as applying to MICP. Therefore, it was important to select the curing age with the matching relative density of soils. Moreover, the most appropriate condition for the effects of soil solidification by MICP was the slopes below 10° and the curing age for seven days. The effect of soil solidification was still preserved in that with the high intensity rainfall (66 mm/h) due to the Aeolian dust emission commonly happening in the bare riverbeds with mild slopes.
The earliest Greek sources on the Celts
Authors: Freeman Philip W. M.
Published: December 2019

The Greek writers of the late sixth century to the late fourth century BC provide the earliest documentary evidence concerning the ancient Celts. These sources are often short and occasionally fragmentary, but they are the first to discuss such topics as Celtic tribal movements, banqueting and drinking habits, and military activities. The following paper is a complete collection of these early Greek sources, including original language texts, translations, and commentaries on each passage.
Nouvelles oboles de Narbonnaise
Authors: Fischer Brigitte , Jacquier Paul-Francis
Published: December 2019

Des petites monnaies d’argent, récemment apparues sur le marché, ont été recueillies sur l'oppidum de Montlaurés et à Ensérune. Elles ont pour modèles des pièces puniques, ampuritaines et massaliotes. Vingt-deux exemplaires sont actuellement connus. Ils ont été réalisés selon deux modes de fabrication : la technique des monnaies à la croix et la méthode traditionnelle des flans coulés, puis frappés. Ce numéraire est de petit module et de poids faible : 0,62 à 0,28 g. Il paraît datable de la fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C. et du début du Ir siècle avant J.-C.
Études sur le verbe vieil-irlandais : les parfaits à longue en celtique et germanique
Authors: Tremblay Xavier
Published: December 2019

Tant la reconstruction interne en irlandais et en germanique que la comparaison entre eux, et avec l’albanais, l’indo-iranien et le grec, exigent de reconstruire un parfait non redoublé à alternance ō/ē aussi ancien que celui en o/ø à redoublement.
L’étymologie de vieil-irlandais cerd
Authors: Bammesberger Alfred
Published: December 2019

Traditionnellement comparé au gr. κέρδος «gain, profit», le nom de l’artisanat en v.irl. est féminin, cerd de *kerdā. L’auteur propose de dégager un sens commun tiré de la sphère de la pensée. Et les deux mots sont peut-être tirés d’un adjectif formé sur le nom indo-européen du «cœur » *krd-.
Old-Irish ol ‘inquit’
Authors: Kortlandt Frederik
Published: December 2019

Vieil-irlandais ol ‘inquit’.

La distinction entre ol-et al-en italique et en celtique represente une distinction sémantique originale entre un sens inclusif ’beyond, über . . . hinaus, par-delà’ et un sens exclusif ’jenseits, on the other side, au-delà de’. Il n’apparaît pas immédiatement que ol ’inquit’, al (asbert ) ’praeterea (dixit)’ soit identique à la préposition al, ol ’par-delà’. Il y a deux obstacles qui empêchent une identification immédiate, l’absence de lénition après ol ’inquit’ et la présence de -s- dans la forme élargie olse ’said he’. Les difficultés disparaissent si nous prenons ol et olse pour ce qu’ils semblent être, c. à d. des formes verbales deutérotoniques avec un radical zéro. Le meilleur candidat pour cette forme verbale disparue est *égt ’dixit’, grec ē, virl.*í cf. latin aio ’je dis’. Si l’expression *ol-est-ēgt, à la différence des formes verbales régulières, est devenue une formule figée dès avant la lénition, le résultat attendu en vieil-irlandais est olsi ’inquit’ Cela explique le -s-de olsé ‘dit-il’, qui a dû être créé, à l’évidence, lorsque l’on a réinterprété olsí comme signifiant ‘dit-elle’, ce qui a par la suite permis d’employer la forme ol devant un sujet nominal..
Notes de linguistique gauloise
Authors: Lambert Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

1). On peut identifier deux nouvelles formes verbales à La Graufesenque, lust-as (Prés. Subj. en -s-, 3 sg. *luxset-as) et lilous (Futur à redoublement sur le même thème, *li-louxs-et) ; -2) Mais sioxti, La Graufesenque, paraît être un adverbe plutôt qu’un verbe : le rattacher peut-être à gall, chwaeth «non plus ».
La Bible en moyen-cornique
Authors: Penglase Charles
Published: December 2019

It was thought that the Bible was never translated into Cornish but five passages in the Modern Cornish document, ‘The Homilies of Tregear’, written in the reign of Mary Tudor in the 16th century, indicate the existence at that period of a Bible written in Middle Cornish.
Praeindogermanica
Authors: Hubschmid Johannes
Published: December 2019

En partant de quelques noms de montagne sardes qui contiennent une base pré-latine *tul-«montagne », certainement d’origine pré-indo-européenne (car les Romains étaient le premier peuple indo-européen établi en Sardaigne), on montre que la même base ou une variante *lull-(d’origine différente ?) sert à former des noms en Italie, en Espagne, en France et dans les Alpes orientales. En galicien et en ancien français, on trouve même des appellatifs qui s’y rattachent et qui appuient l’explication des toponymes. Cependant, il est difficile de se prononcer sur le rapport — s’il y en a un — entre la base pré-indo-européenne *tul -et une famille de mots indo-européens de sens en partie identique. Il s’en suit que l’origine pré-indo-européenne n’est pas assurée pour tous les mots et noms cités.
The Comparative Analysis of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiography in the Radiological Evaluation of Spontaneous Bone Regeneration in Jaw Cysts after Enucleation
Authors: KOŞAR Yasin Çağlar , SARUHAN Nesrin , DERECİ Ömür
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the panoramic radiography
and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the evaluation of bone healing
after the enucleation of odontogenic cysts. Methods: Pre-operative and post-operative clinical and radiological
data of patients who were successfully treated with enucleation between
01/01/2013 and 01/03/2017 with 1-year follow-up were retrieved from the archives
and evaluated retrospectively. The panoramic radiographs and CBCT sections were transferred into a
computer program and pre-operative and post-operative measurements were
performed on the computer program. The manual segmentation method was used in
the volume measurement in CBCT sections. An area index was calculated by
multiplying the highest vertical and widest horizontal dimension of the cystic
lesion on the panoramic radiography. Results: Twelve
patients included in the study. Eight patients were male and 4 of them were
female. The mean age was 45. The volume of the defect at post-operative 1-year
control decreased by 83.05% on average. The area measurement showed a decrease
of 38.79% at postoperative 1-year control. The volume of the cystic cavities in
tomographic sections and cystic area on panoramic radiographs were significantly
reduced at the end of 1-year follow-up (p<0.05). There was a
significant and moderate positive relationship between the post-operative
measurement values of CBCT and OPG (p=0.021, r=0.655).

Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be used as effective as CBCT to
monitor spontaneous bone regeneration after the enucleation of jaw cysts.
Experiences and Psychological Status of the Patients after Fractured Femur in Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: TUĞCU Eda , YILMAZ Emel
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine the emotional state, experience of
patients in the intensive care unit and the factors affecting
them.Methods:
This descriptive study and cross-sectional study was performed the education
and teaching hospital in the western region of Turkey. 120 patients with femur fracture hospitalized at surgical
intensive care unit were included in the study. The ethical approval was obtained before the study.
The data were collected using a personal information form, the Intensive Care
Experience Scale (ICES), and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive
statistics, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskall Wallis test and regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results:
The mean total scores of the patients were 51,61±6,43 for ICES, 5,26±3,90 for
HADS anxiety, and 4,21±2,79 for HADS depression. Recollection of intensive
care, pain, and intensive care temperature had an effect on the intensive care
experience of the patients (p<0,05).

Conclusion: The results showed that the patients had negative
experiences in ICU but were moderately satisfied with the care they received. Intensive care nurses should implement nursing
interventions designed
to ensure that patients’ experiences in ICU are more positive.
Montessori Eğitim Yaklaşımının Din Eğitimine Uygulanması: Godly Play Örneği
Authors: ORUÇ Cemil
Published: December 2019

Maria Montessori çocuk eğitimi konusunda hem teorik hem de uygulamalı birçok çalışma gerçekleştirmiştir. Montessori’nin çalışmaları incelendiğinde hem çocuk eğitiminde hem de -çok bilinmemekle birlikte- din eğitiminde özgün girişimlerde bulunduğu görülür. Çalışmamız; Montessori’nin din eğitimi konusundaki uygulamalarını farklı yönleri ile ele almayı, Jerome W. Berryman’ın geliştirdiği Godly Play yaklaşımını teorik temeller ve uygulama süreçleri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler doküman inceleme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Montessori’nin yaklaşık 20 yıl kaldığı Barselona’da kurduğu okulda uygulamalı din eğitimine ayrı bir önem verdiği görülmüştür. Sistematik ve teorik bir din eğitiminin değil, çocukların gelişim düzeylerine göre düzenlenmiş uygun bir çevrede ve okul ortamında, tecrübeye ve çalışmaya dayalı bir din ve maneviyat eğitiminin mümkün olduğunu uygulamalı olarak göstermiştir. Onun eğitim anlayışını daha sistematik bir hale getiren Berryman, bazı yönleriyle Montessori geleneğinden ayrılmakla birlikte, temelde Montessori’ye dayanan erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitiminin Protestan yorumunu geliştirmiştir. Bu yaklaşımda; İncil kıssalarının sınıf ortamında uygun materyaller ile sergilenebileceği ve bunların çocukların dünyasına dâhil edilebileceği iddia edilir. Bunu sağlamak için ayinlerden ziyade çocukların Tanrı’nın kelamı ile baş başa kalacakları ve ilgili materyalden kendi anlamlarını çıkaracakları Montessori sınıfları düzenlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda söz konusu yaklaşımın uygun yöntem ve içerik düzenlemeleri ile diğer dinler için de kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
Metrological aspects of pre-flight anti-icing procedures for civil aircraft
Authors: Богоявленский А. , Bogoyavlenskiy A.
Published: December 2019

Snow-ice deposits formed on the outer surfaces of aircrafts on the ground during parking can have a negative impact during take-off due to the deterioration of aerodynamic and flight performance, a significant and even critical decrease in lift, increased drag, blocking controls, difficulty or blocking of landing gear retraction, damage to the blades of inlet guide vanes and/or the blades of an engine compressor. To exclude the influence of snow and ice deposits, anti-icing treatment is performed, including their removal and/or protection from subsequent formation. For this purpose, special anti-icing machines (deicers), equipped with such means of instrumental control as counters of anti-icing fluid pumps, measuring scales of anti-icing fluid tanks, thermometers and pressure gauges for temperature and pressure measuring at the outlet of a spray nozzle, are used. The article deals with the metrological aspects of civil aircrafts anti-icing prior to flight.
Development and improvement of measurement, testing and control procedures at the enterprises of aviation industry and air transport
Authors: Богоявленский А. , Bogoyavlenskiy A. , Боков А. , Bokov A.
Published: December 2019

Readers are invited to review the reports and speeches of the participants of the All-Russian Conference Measurements. Tests. Control, held from 22 to 24 October 2019 in the framework of the16th International Exhibition of Testing and Measuring Equipment Testing & Control in the IEC Crocus-Expo (Moscow).
Neuronal pathway and signal modulation for motor communication
Authors: Chholak Parth , Pisarchik Alexander N. , Kurkin Semen A. , Maksimenko Vladimir A. , Hramov Alexander E.
Published: December 2019

The knowledge of the mechanisms of motor imagery (MI) is very important for the development of braincomputer interfaces. Depending on neurophysiological cortical activity, MI can be divided into two categories: visual imagery (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI). Our magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiments with ten untrained subjects provided evidences that inhibitory control plays a dominant role in KI. We found that communication between inferior parietal cortex and frontal cortex is realised in the mu-frequency range. We also pinpointed three gamma frequencies to be used for motor command communication. The use of artificial intelligence allowed us to classify MI of left and right hands with maximal classification accuracy using the brain activity encoded in the identified gamma frequencies which were then proposed to be used for communication of specifics. Mu-activity was identified as the carrier of gamma-activity between these areas by means of phase-amplitude coupling similar to the modern day radio wave transmission.
Detection of specific areas and densities for ultrasound tomography
Authors: Erofeeva Victoria , Galyamina Vasilisa , Gonta Kseniya , Leonova Anna , Granichin Oleg , Pankov Vikentiy , Trofimov Stepan , Tursunova Munira , Ding Mingyue , Yuchi Ming , Fang Xiaoyue
Published: December 2019

In this paper we consider the problem of ultrasound tomography. Recently, an increased interest in ultrasound tomography has been caused by non-invasiveness of the method and increased detection accuracy (as compared to radiation tomography), and also ultrasound tomography does not put at risk human health. We study possibilities of detection of specific areas and determining their density using ultrasound tomography data. The process of image reconstruction based on ultrasound data is computationally complex and time consuming. It contains the following parts: calculation of the time-of-flight (TOF) of a signal, detection of specific areas, calculation of density of specific areas. The calculation of the arrival time of a signal is a very important part, because the errors in the calculation of quantities strongly influence the total problem solution. We offer ultrasound imaging reconstruction technology that can be easily parallelized. The whole process is described: from extracting the arrival times of signals raw data feeding from physical receivers to obtaining the desired results.
Application of the coupling detection to the analysis of the low-frequency rhythms in the autonomic controlof circulation
Authors: Karavaev Anatoly , Skazkina Viktoria , Ishbulatov Yurii , Borovkova Ekaterina
Published: December 2019

Many authors emphasize the fundamental and practical importance of investigation of the low-frequency rhythm in the brain and cardiac signals that correlate with the activity of the autonomic control of circulation. However complexity, nonstationarity and high nonlinearity of the system complicate the research and require application of the specialized methods. This study aims to compare the methods of coupling detection that were adapted to the detection of coupling between the loops of autonomic control of circulation. The analysis of the data from healthy subject demonstrated that the methods based on the analysis of phase dynamics and coherence function calculations are adequate for the investigation of coupling patterns in the autonomic control of circulation. However the results of both methods require the control of statistical significance.