bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a scale measuring perceived knowledge and skills dimensions for mental health promotion: a pilot test using a convenience sample
Authors: Lang Gert , Stengård Eija , Wynne Richard
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– Against the background of rising mental health (MH) problems many practitioners and health programmers require tools to plan and implement mental health promotion (MHP). A Likert scale to measure Perceived Knowledge of Skills needed for MHP (PKSMHP) was developed and pilot tested. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– A convenience sample of leading personnel (n=106) in three settings (43 schools, 24 workplaces, 39 care facilities) was drawn in five European countries. A descriptive item analysis, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and a scales’ performance analysis was adopted.

Findings

– The validated PKSMHP scale included nine high-quality items measuring the knowledge level of three skills dimensions: MHP management/planning, MHP tools/methods/services and recognition/detection of MH problems. Taken together these can be seen to represent the overall type of skills needed for implementing MHP.

Originality/value

– The short scale showed very good scale performance values in this pilot study. After further testing the scale might be used as a baseline assessment of MHP needs, as a building block for MHP training and organisational capacity building.
Refocusing mobile makerspace outreach efforts internally as professional development
Authors: Purpur Erich , Radniecki Tara , Colegrove Patrick Tod , Klenke Chrissy
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to uninitiate new and non-traditional library resources, such as those commonly found in a makerspace, can often seem abstract, intimidating, or even unrelated to the library mission. The University of Nevada’s DeLaMare Science and Engineering Library set out to engage its on-campus library colleagues to increase awareness and understanding of the new technologies being offered in support of active learning and discovery.

Design/methodology/approach

– The science and engineering library is experimenting with an ongoing series of inreach/outreach workshops that enable other library faculty and staff from across the greater library organization to experience their non-traditional services and resources. A first pop-up maker technology workshop took place in June 2015 and was composed of three sessions including an introduction to 3D printing and modeling, digital design literacies, and lendable technologies. A survey was distributed to attendees for feedback.

Findings

– Anecdotal evidence suggest the event was successful, offering a potentially powerful mechanism for engaging and informing library staff about non-traditional resources and technology.

Originality/value

– This outreach approach may prove valuable for other academic libraries to similarly create awareness of non-traditional resources and technologies among its colleagues.
Children use second-and third-dimensional digital library interfaces
Authors: Wu Kochiu , Chen Hung-Chun
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore children’s spatial cognitive abilities as they engaged in information-seeking behaviors on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital interfaces.

Design/methodology/approach

– Children between the ages of seven and 11 were observed as they browsed either a 2D or 3D navigation interface for a children’s digital library. Data regarding their use of the overview function and depth cues were analyzed to reveal the relationships between search performance efficiency, precision, and effectiveness and the associative memory, visualization memory, and spatial visualization abilities of the user.

Findings

– Children spent less time using the 2D interface when compared to time spent using the 3D interface. Children exhibited better performance precision when using the 3D interface. Children applied exhaustive strategies and more varied cognitive skills across different tasks when using the 2D interface, and applied a more focussed approach when using the 3D interface.

Originality/value

– The cognitive abilities of children are not yet fully developed, so they require a unique user interface when browsing digital libraries. This study served the practical purpose of developing a game-like user interface for ease of use. Providing an effective overview function allows young users with less developed cognitive abilities to navigate informational cues. They can then build an effective mind map and implement efficient way-finding strategies.
Building a scalable mobile library orientation activity with Edventure Builder
Authors: Roth Amanda , Turnbow Dominique , Goldman Crystal , Friedman Lia
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technical aspects of using the Edventure Builder platform to create UC San Diego’s scalable, interactive, online library orientation activity, which was designed for the university’s new First Year Experience program.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper examines a case study using a successive approximation model for the build process of a mobile library scavenger hunt.

Findings

– The Edventure Builder software is intuitive, scalable and provides a variety of options to users, including flexibility in question format, a WYSIWYG interface, and branching logic. The main limitation is that analytics is still in beta testing and users must request that data be sent in an Excel spreadsheet via e-mail.

Originality/value

– This paper is of interest to information professionals who would like to create a mobile library orientation activity using the Edventure Builder platform.
From query analysis to user information needs: a study of campus map searches
Authors: Chao Zoe
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– Search engines and web applications have evolved to be more tailored toward individual user’s needs, including the individual’s personal preferences and geographic location. By integrating the free Google Maps Application Program Interface with locally stored metadata, the author created an interactive map search for users to locate, and navigate to, destinations on the University of New Mexico (UNM) campus. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of UNM map search queries, the options and prioritization of the metadata augmentation, and the usefulness and possible improvement of the interface.

Design/methodology/approach

– Queries, search date/time, and the number of results found were logged and examined. Queries’ search frequency and characteristics were analyzed and categorized.

Findings

– From November 1, 2012 to September 15, 2013, the author had a total 14,097 visits to the SearchUNM Maps page (http://search.unm.edu/maps/). There were total 5,868 searches (41 percent of all the page visits), and out of all the search instances, 2,297 of them (39 percent) did not retrieve any results. By analyzing the failed queries, the author was able to develop a strategy to increase successful searches.

Originality/value

– Many academic institutions have implemented interactive map searches for users to find locations and navigate on campus. However, to date there is no related research on how users conduct their searches in such a scope. Based on the query analysis, this paper identifies user’s search behavior and discusses the strategies of improving searches results of campus interactive maps.
The corporate governance and financing of small-cap firms in Canada
Authors: Atanasova Christina , Gatev Evan , Shapiro Daniel
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction between corporate governance and capital structure for small publicly traded firms in Canada.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors hand-collect data for all companies listed on the Canadian junior stock exchange and construct measures of corporate governance. The authors focus on a time period when the sample firms were unregulated in their governance choices. Since firms decide simultaneously on the level of corporate governance provisions and capital structure, the authors use simultaneous equation models as well as instrumental variables analysis to address endogeneity.

Findings

– The authors find that a strong relation exists between small-firm capital structure and corporate governance practices. Firms with low level of collateralizable assets have low leverage and chose better corporate governance provisions. All else equal, the firms with better corporate governance are more likely to issue new equity than debt. Overall the results support theories that predict a link between corporate governance and financing policy, where small-cap firms with low debt capacity incur costly shareholder protection to facilitate access to equity financing.

Originality/value

– The authors contribute to prior research by providing the first empirical evidence on the choice and impact of corporate governance on capital structure for junior small- and micro-cap firms.
Mutual fund efficiency and tradeoffs in the production of risk and return
Authors: Devaney Michael , Morillon Thibaut , Weber William
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to estimate the performance of 188 mutual funds relative to the risk/return frontier accounting for the transaction costs of producing a portfolio of investments.

Design/methodology/approach

– The directional output distance function is used to estimate mutual fund performance. The method allows the data to define a frontier of return and risk accounting for the transaction costs associated with securities management and production of risky returns. Proxies for the transaction costs of producing a portfolio of securities include the turnover ratio, load, expense ratio, and net asset value. The estimates of mutual fund performance are bootstrapped to account for the unknown data generating process. By comparing each mutual fund’s performance relative to the capital market line the authors determine how the fund should adjust their portfolio in regard to risk and return in order to maximize the inefficiency adjusted Sharpe ratio.

Findings

– The bootstrapped estimates indicate that the average mutual fund could simultaneously expand return and contract risk by 3.2 percent if it were to operate on the efficient frontier. After projecting each mutual fund’s return and risk to the efficient frontier the authors find that a majority of the mutual funds should reduce risk to be consistent with the capital market line.

Originality/value

– Many researchers have used data envelopment analysis to estimate a piecewise linear frontier of risk and return to measure mutual fund performance. To the authors’ knowledge the research is the first to use a twice-differentiable quadratic directional distance function to measure the managerial performance and risk/return tradeoff of mutual funds.
Comparison of rates of fecal colonization with extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing enterobacteria among patients in different wards, outpatients and medical students
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Mózes Julianna , Monostori Júlia , Gorácz Orsolya , Fésűs Adina , Majoros László , Szarka Krisztina , Kardos Gábor
Published: March 2016

Because asymptomatic carriage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producers is a risk factor for infection, data on colonization dynamics are important when planning infection control. This study investigated fecal colonization with ESBL producers among inpatients, outpatients and medical students and compares the characteristics of ESBL producers among these groups. Carriage rates were investigated in 5581 fecal samples; 4343 from inpatients (330, 1397, 619 and 1864 from adult ICUs [intensive care units], adult non‐ICUs, pediatric ICUs and pediatric non‐ICUs, respectively), 814 from outpatients and 424 from screening of medical students. ESBL producers were characterized by co‐resistance, integrons carried, and aminoglycoside resistance and ESBL genes. Dynamic regression models were built to identify relationships between combinations of time series of monthly antibiotic consumption, prevalence of carriers and infected subjects. Inpatients, ICU patients and adults showed higher prevalence than outpatients, non‐ICU patients or children (7.4%, 9.3% and 12.0% vs. 3.1%, 6.1% and 4.1%, respectively). Klebsiella pneumoniae was more frequent in ICU patients; dominance of CTX‐M‐15 producers was more marked in adult than in pediatric inpatients. ESBL carriage was shown to be a consequence of infection in adults in the time‐series analysis; antibiotic consumption had little effect. The epidemiology of colonization with ESBL producers differed between pediatric ICU, adult ICU and adult non‐ICU patients. In adults, carriage of ESBL producers seems to be the consequence of infection, especially in ICU patients; the main source of colonization is nosocomial acquisition. In contrast, children are less likely to acquire colonizer strains in hospitals; importation of ESBL producers by colonized children seems to be significant.
Assessing the impact of price changes and extreme climatic events on sediment loads in a large river catchment near the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Chaiechi Taha , Stoeckl Natalie , Jarvis Diane , Lewis Stephen , Brodie Jon
Published: March 2016

Ocean turbidity (associated with sediment from rivers) can significantly impact reef health. In Australia, there are many plans to reduce sediment loads by encouraging best management practices; there is also interest in the use of market‐based instruments. But it is exceedingly difficult to assess the potential efficacy of market policies, since that requires one to determine how changes in the socio‐economic system (e.g. price changes) impact the biophysical (e.g. sediment loads). We use historical data (from 1938 to 2011) in a vector autoregression model to simultaneously model interactions between the economic and biophysical systems in the Burdekin River catchment adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. This allows us to statistically test for the impact of changes in prices on sediment load, while controlling for biophysical influences. We find that extreme events have the most impact on sediment loads, but that prices also impact sediment loads. Evidently market‐based policies may have the potential to reduce sediment loads. Our empirical results provide useful information for those interested in the Burdekin River catchment and the GBR; the modelling approach may have wide applicability in a variety of contexts.
‘Did you ever hear of police being called to a beer festival?’ Discourses of merriment, moderation and ‘civilized’ drinking amongst real ale enthusiasts
Authors: Thurnell-Read Thomas
Published: March 2016

While the real and perceived excesses of ‘binge drinking’ have received considerable attention in policy, media and academic debates, the concept of ‘sensible drinking’ is poorly defined and has rarely been subject to empirical analysis. Using qualitative research, this article explores the drinking discourses of ale enthusiasts as a means of highlighting how understandings of sensible drinking draw on notions of taste, sociability and self-control. Drawing on Elias’s concept of the ‘civilizing process’, the article analyses how these narratives highlight self-control and social regulation as central features of acceptable drinking practices. Emerging from these accounts is a rejection of elements of the night-time economy and the unruly and hedonistic ‘determined drunkenness’ often associated with it.
Resilience Factors Reconciled with Complexity: The Dynamics of Order and Disorder
Authors: Normandin Julie‐Maude , Therrien Marie‐Christine
Published: March 2016

One of the main challenges in crisis management is to assess, ahead of time, the resilience of a system before a crisis erupts (pandemic, computer bug with large‐scale effects, cascade effects in critical infrastructure, etc.). In this article, we propose to reconcile the multiple and sometimes divergent definition of resilience by explaining the complementarity of stability and adaptability inherent to the concept. Also, we integrate a new dimension to the assessment of resilience by analysing the dynamics of negentropy (order, stability) and entropy (disorder, change) between factors. Until now, the evaluation of organizational and interorganizational resilience focused on analysing the presence or absence of resilience factors. With this new dimension, we show the complementarity and interdependence of resilience factors. Finally, we demonstrate how resilience is based on both favourable order and favourable disorder which create diversity and conformity in the system, while vulnerability relies on unfavourable order and unfavourable disorder.
Variations in rates of severe perineal tears and episiotomies in 20 European countries: a study based on routine national data in Euro‐Peristat Project
Authors: Blondel Béatrice , Alexander Sophie , Bjarnadóttir Ragnheiður I. , Gissler Mika , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Novak‐Antolič Živa , Prunet Caroline , Zhang Wei‐Hong , Hindori‐Mohangoo Ashna D. , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   the Euro‐Peristat Scientific Committee
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Rates of severe perineal tears and episiotomies are indicators of obstetrical quality of care, but their use for international comparisons is complicated by difficulties with accurate ascertainment of tears and uncertainties regarding the optimal rate of episiotomies. We compared rates of severe perineal tears and episiotomies in European countries and analysed the association between these two indicators.

Material and methods

We used aggregate data from national routine statistics available in the Euro‐Peristat project. We compared rates of severe (third‐ and fourth‐degree) tears and episiotomies in 2010 by mode of vaginal delivery (n = 20 countries), and investigated time trends between 2004 and 2010 (n = 9 countries). Statistical associations were assessed with Spearman's ranked correlations (rho).

Results

In 2010 in all vaginal deliveries, rates of severe tears ranged from 0.1% in Romania to 4.9% in Iceland, and rates of episiotomies from 3.7% in Denmark to 75.0% in Cyprus. A negative correlation between the rates of episiotomies and severe tears was observed in all deliveries (rho = −0.66; p = 0.001), instrumental deliveries (rho = −0.67; p = 0.002) and non‐instrumental deliveries (rho = −0.72; p < 0.001). However there was no relation between time trends of these two indicators (rho = 0.43; p = 0.28).

Conclusions

The large variations in severe tears and episiotomies and the negative association between these indicators in 2010 show the importance of improving the assessment and reporting of tears in each country, and evaluating the impact of low episiotomy rates on the perineum.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the lung – histological subtypes and outcome after surgery, using the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Oskarsdottir Gudrun Nina , Bjornsson Johannes , Jonsson Steinn , Isaksson Helgi J , Gudbjartsson Tomas
Published: March 2016

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of lung carcinoma. Recently the histologic classification of adenocarcinomas in the lung was modified to better reflect biologic properties and prognosis. We reviewed the histology of all primary lung adenocarcinomas operated on in Iceland during a 20‐year period and assessed the impact of histology on survival. This nationwide study included 285 patients (mean age 67 years, 57% female), who underwent resection in Iceland from 1991 to 2010. Tumors were reclassified according to the current IASLC/ATS/ERS classification system. Overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis used to evaluate prognostic factors of overall mortality. Acinar predominant adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (46%) followed by solid‐predominant (SPA) with mucin production comprised (23%). Non‐invasive carcinomas were rare. A difference in survival between the histological adenocarcinoma subtypes was not seen (p = 0.32) and multivariate analysis showed that advanced stage and age predicted worse outcome, but histologic subtyping of adenocarcinoma did not. In this nation‐wide study there was not a statistical difference in survival according to adenocarcinoma subtypes and the histological subtype did not predict mortality. Preinvasive and minimally invasive adenocarcinomas were rare.
Learning endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration – a 6‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Sørhaug Sveinung , Hjelde Harald , Hatlen Peter , Leira Håkon Olav , Salarinejad Majid , Nesvik Bjarte , Hollund Raymond , Nesgård Kristin , Nordhaug Dag Ole , Amundsen Tore
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has become an important diagnostic tool for the pulmonologist. Learning this procedure and maintaining technical skills requires continuous practice and evaluation.

Objectives

The aims of the study were a retrospective evaluation of the diagnostic quality of the EBUS‐technique and the learning profile of the endoscopy team during the first years (2007–2013) of experience in an unselected population.

Methods

EBUS‐TBNA procedures were analysed for clinical data, including results from surgery or clinical/radiological follow‐up for at least 6 months. Rapid on‐site cytological evaluation (ROSE) was introduced on regular basis the forth year.

Results

A total of 711 EBUS‐TBNA from 635 patients were included. The percentage of representative EBUS‐TBNA initially decreased the first years (minimum 60,9%), before increased to a final result of 82,4%. There was a lower proportion of representative EBUS‐TBNA in the benign group (76,8%) vs the malignant group (85,8%). A significant increase in the proportion of representative EBUS‐TBNA was seen after ROSE had been introduced. The major indications were diagnosing/staging of lung cancer (54%) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown cause (25,7%). The sensitivity detecting malignancy was 94,9%, negative predictive value 81,2% and diagnostic accuracy 95,8%. During the study period the percentage of re‐examinations with EBUS‐TBNA declined from 18,0% to 8,2%.

Conclusion

After an initial run‐in period with declining results, the overall diagnostic yield of EBUS‐TBNA increased and reached acceptable levels. These results underline the importance of continuously evaluation of our own results when new methods are implemented in clinical practice.
An unusual presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with pleomorphic sarcomatous transformation: potential pitfall and diagnostic strategy
Authors: Cesinaro Anna Maria , Mataca Ema , Gambini Claudio , Kutzner Heinz
Published: March 2016

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low grade, superficial sarcoma characterized by a proliferation of monomorphous, spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern and infiltrating the subcutaneous tissue. The tumor is typically CD34 positive, and shows the characteristic COL1A1‐PDGFB fusion gene, detectable either by florescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We describe a case of DFSP with a focus of peculiar pleomorphic sarcomatous transformation. The focus constituted the entire bioptic tissue that was initially excised, raising considerable diagnostic problems for pathologist. The use of FISH as an ancillary technique allowed the right diagnosis.
Methotrexate‐associated EBV‐positive vasculitis in the skin: a report of two cases simulating rheumatoid vasculitis
Authors: Fujimoto Masakazu , Kaku Yo , Yamakawa Noriyuki , Kawabata Daisuke , Ohmura Koichiro , Koyanagi Itsuko , Mimori Tsuneyo , Kabashima Kenji , Haga Hironori
Published: March 2016

Rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) is one of the most serious extra‐articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), generally treated with a high dose of immunosuppressive drugs. Recently, we encountered two cases of ulcerative vasculitis in methotrexate (MTX)‐prescribed RA patients, which simulated RV; however, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded RNA in situ hybridization on their skin biopsies revealed many EBV‐positive lymphocytes (over 50 cells/high‐power field) within the vessel walls and perivascular stroma, which led us to the diagnosis of EBV‐related vasculitis instead of RV. Subsequently, both ulcers regressed after the discontinuation of MTX and no recurrence was noted during the follow‐up period. To prevent unnecessary treatment, EBV‐positive vasculitis should be added in the differential diagnosis of lymphocytic vasculitis observed in MTX‐administered RA patients.
Histopathology of keratotic papules of the limbs in frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Manjón José A.
Published: March 2016

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a scarring type of alopecia that presents clinically as progressive frontotemporal hairline regression and eyebrow loss, mainly in postmenopausal women. An additional common finding is keratotic papules on the face or (less commonly) on the trunk and extremities. The histopathology of the facial keratotic papules associated with FFA is the same as that of lichen planopilaris. There are very few FFA cases with biopsies from extrafacial sites and no cases of folliculocentric keratotic papules with biopsies from extrafacial sites. In the current report, we describe the histopathology of one such keratotic papule from the arm of a 75‐year‐old woman with FFA and show that the morphology is that of lichen planopilaris and that the papules are identical to those found in Graham–Little–Piccardi syndrome.
Polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma: a report of two cases
Authors: Walker Addie , Mesinkovska Natasha A. , Emanuel Patrick O. , Vidimos Allison , Billings Steven D.
Published: March 2016

Polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma (PSGC) is a rare adnexal neoplasm with characteristic variegated histopathologic findings and low‐grade clinical behavior. First described in 1994, only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. It is named for the multiplicity of architectural patterns that may be present: solid, tubular, trabecular, pseudopapillary and cylindromatous. Owing to the multiple architectural patterns, the differential diagnosis is broad, including metastatic adenocarcinoma and other adnexal neoplasms with ductular differentiation. We present two new cases of PSGC and review the literature on this rare tumor.
Phytophthora ×alni and Phytophthora lacustris associated with common alder decline in Central Portugal
Authors: Kanoun‐Boulé M. , Vasconcelos T. , Gaspar J. , Vieira S. , Dias‐Ferreira C. , Husson C.
Published: March 2016

Since the early 1990s, an emerging disease induced by the highly aggressive oomycete Phytophthora ×alni has caused widespread alder decline across Europe. In parallel, P. lacustris, a recently described species associated with riparian habitats, has been subject of increasing interest. A field survey conducted in 2014 showed high mortality rates in alder stands located in the riparian gallery along two rivers in Central Portugal. The pathogens isolated from necrotic alder stem base during this study were identified as P. ×alni and P. lacustris. This paper is the first to report the occurrence of P. lacustris in Portugal and presents the first finding of P. ×alni affecting mature trees in natural ecosystems located in Central Portugal.
Ecological indicators for coral reef fisheries management
Authors: Nash Kirsty L , Graham Nicholas A J
Published: March 2016

Coral reef fisheries are of great importance both economically and for food security, but many reefs are showing evidence of overfishing, with significant ecosystem‐level consequences for reef condition. In response, ecological indicators have been developed to assess the state of reef fisheries and their broader ecosystem‐level impacts. To date, use of fisheries indicators for coral reefs has been rather piecemeal, with no overarching understanding of their performance with respect to highlighting fishing effects. Here, we provide a review of multispecies fishery‐independent indicators used to evaluate fishing impacts on coral reefs. We investigate the consistency with which indicators highlight fishing effects on coral reefs. We then address questions of statistical power and uncertainty, type of fishing gradient, scale of analysis, the influence of other variables and the need for more work to set reference points for empirical, fisheries‐independent indicators on coral reefs. Our review provides knowledge that will help underpin the assessment of the ecological effects of fishing, offering essential support for the development and implementation of coral reef fisheries management plans.
Unraveling the multivalent binding of a marine family 6 carbohydrate‐binding module with its native laminarin ligand
Authors: Jam Murielle , Ficko‐Blean Elizabeth , Labourel Aurore , Larocque Robert , Czjzek Mirjam , Michel Gurvan
Published: March 2016

Laminarin is an abundant brown algal storage polysaccharide. Marine microorganisms, such as Zobellia galactanivorans, produce laminarinases for its degradation, which are important for the processing of this organic matter in the ocean carbon cycle. These laminarinases are often modular, as is the case with ZgLamC which has an N‐terminal GH16 module, a central family 6 carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) and a C‐terminal PorSS module. To date, no studies have characterized a true marine laminarin‐binding CBM6 with its natural carbohydrate ligand. The crystal structure of ZgLamCCBM6 indicates that this CBM has two clefts for binding sugar (variable loop site, VLS; and concave face site, CFS). The ZgLamCCBM6 VLS binds in an exo‐manner and the CFS interacts in an endo‐manner with laminarin. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments on native and mutant ZgLamCCBM6 confirm that these binding sites have different modes of recognition for laminarin, in agreement with the ‘regional model’ postulated for CBM6‐binding modules. Based on ITC data and structural data, we propose a model of ZgLamCCBM6 interacting with different chains of laminarin in a multivalent manner, forming a complex cross‐linked protein–polysaccharide network.

Database

PDB code 5FUI.
Long‐term effects of liming in Norwegian softwater lakes: the rise and fall of bulbous rush (Juncus bulbosus) and decline of isoetid vegetation
Authors: Lucassen Esther C. H. E. T. , Roelofs Jan G. M. , Schneider Susanne C. , Smolders Alfons J. P.
Published: March 2016

Acidification has been recognised as a serious environmental problem in Scandinavia since the 1970s, and liming has been the main strategy to counteract negative effects on biota by improving water quality. We studied the short‐ and long‐term effects of liming on sediment and water quality, as well as macrophyte development, by comparing five limed with five unlimed lakes during the period 1993–2013.

In the limed lakes, massive development of bulbous rush (Juncus bulbosus: Juncaceae) occurred during the first 6–9 years after the start of liming (1984–1993). Juncus bulbosus then started to decline around 1999 and eventually reached its original abundance in 2010. In addition, the cover of the original isoetid vegetation declined by around 60% between 1995 and 2010. In contrast, changes in submerged aquatic vegetation in the unlimed lakes were minor.

Liming initially stimulated anaerobic breakdown of sediment organic matter with Fe as the electron acceptor. Juncus bulbosus probably benefitted from the higher CO2 fluxes from the sediment to the water layer in combination with a high NH4+ concentration in the limed sediment. However, the organic matter became less reactive over time, thus eventually providing less CO2. Together with the significant increase in water pH over time, this would have led to a decline in C availability in sediment and water, thus discouraging excessive growth of J. bulbosus. This may explain why J. bulbosus thrived only during the first years after liming.

The decline of isoetids in limed lakes was probably caused by a combination of uprooting and sediment anoxia. In limed lakes, isoetids developed a shoot : root ratio that was above the threshold known to promote uprooting of these high buoyancy species on organic sediment. In addition, isoetids eventually became covered by algae and dead J. bulbosus, affecting light conditions and suffocating the remaining isoetid vegetation on limed reductive sediments.

In the future, renewed excessive growth of J. bulbosus seems unlikely due to the lack of sufficient carbon sources. It remains, however, unclear whether the original isoetids vegetation can recover. We hypothesise that the isoetid Littorella uniflora may eventually recolonise the lake from the shore and improve the oxygen content of limed sediments; this, in turn will facilitate the germination of other plant species, through high radial oxygen loss in combination with asexual reproduction.
Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction
Authors: Wang Diane R. , Bunce James A. , Tomecek Martha B. , Gealy David , McClung Anna , McCouch Susan R. , Ziska Lewis H.
Published: March 2016

High CO2 and high temperature have an antagonistic interaction effect on rice yield potential and present a unique challenge to adapting rice to projected future climates. Understanding how the differences in response to these two abiotic variables are partitioned across rice germplasm accessions may be key to identifying potentially useful sources of resilient alleles for adapting rice to climate change. In this study, we evaluated eleven globally diverse rice accessions under controlled conditions at two carbon dioxide concentrations (400 and 600 ppm) and four temperature environments (29 °C day/21 °C night; 29 °C day/21 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis; 34 °C day/26 °C night; and 34 °C day/26 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis) for a suite of traits including five yield components, five growth characteristics, one phenological trait, and four photosynthesis‐related measurements. Multivariate analyses of mean trait data from these eight treatments divide our rice panel into two primary groups consistent with the genetic classification of INDICA/INDICA‐like and JAPONICA populations. Overall, we find that the productivity of plants grown under elevated [CO2] was more sensitive (negative response) to high temperature stress compared with that of plants grown under ambient [CO2] across this diversity panel. We report differential response to CO2 × temperature interaction for INDICA/INDICA‐like and JAPONICA rice accessions and find preliminary evidence for the beneficial introduction of exotic alleles into cultivated rice genomic background. Overall, these results support the idea of using wild or currently unadapted gene pools in rice to enhance breeding efforts to secure future climate change adaptation.
A concept analysis of proactive behaviour in midwifery
Authors: Mestdagh Eveline , Van Rompaey Bart , Beeckman Katrien , Bogaerts Annick , Timmermans Olaf
Published: March 2016

Aim

To report an analysis of the concept of proactive behaviour and apply the findings to midwifery.

Background

Proactive behaviour is a universal phenomenon generalizable to multiple professions. The purpose of this work was to establish a link with midwifery.

Design

Concept analysis by Walker and Avant's method.

Data sources

Literature was searched in PubMed, ERIC, NARCIS, Emerald and reference lists of related journal articles with a timeline of 1990 – April 2015 in the period of November 2014 – June 2015. Next key words were combined by the use of Boolean operators: ‘proactive behaviour’, ‘midwifery’, ‘midwife’, ‘proactivity’ and ‘proactive’. Fifteen studies were included.

Methods

A focused review of scientific publications in midwifery, health care, healthcare education and social sciences, which highlighted the concept of proactive behaviour.

Results

In the studied literature, several attributes of proactive behaviour were cited. These attributes were narrowed by applying it on a midwifery model case, borderline case and contrary case. Related concepts were elaborated and distinguished of the concept of proactive behaviour in midwifery. Proactive behaviour is triggered by different individual and contextual antecedents and has consequences at multiple levels.

Conclusion

A midwife who behaves proactive would not look at changes as a boundary, persistently improves things she experienced as wrong, anticipates future barriers and looks for viable alternatives to carry out her work as efficiently and effectively as possible. Various individual and/or contextual antecedents trigger proactive behaviour in midwifery, and this behaviour could cause multiple future benefits for the constant evolving reproductive health care.
Offering honey containing a selective insecticide as food for pests and parasitoids: another effective use
Authors: Uefune M. , Nakashima Y. , Takabayashi J. , Urano S. , Kugimiya S. , Shimoda T.
Published: March 2016

We investigated the effects of the presence of a selective insecticide, pyridalyl, in aqueous solutions of honey as food for adults of diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) and its larval parasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Halliday) on their performances. We used a commercial formulation of pyridalyl which contained 10% pyridalyl. Survival times of DBMs reared with honey solution with pyridalyl at 10 000‐fold dilution were not significantly different from those of DBMs reared with pure honey solution. However, at 1000‐fold and 100‐fold dilutions of pyridalyl in honey solution, survival times were significantly shorter than those with honey solution alone. By contrast, survival times of C. vestalis reared with honey solution with pyridalyl at 1000‐fold and 100‐fold dilution were not significantly different from those of C. vestalis reared with pure honey solution. Offering honey solution with pyridalyl at 100‐fold dilution to C. vestalis did not affect its parasitization ability or offspring sex ratio. The novel aspects of the use of selective pesticides to control DBMs using C. vestalis are discussed.
Developing a complex systems perspective for medical education to facilitate the integration of basic science and clinical medicine
Authors: Aron David C.
Published: March 2016

Rationale, aims and objectives

The purpose of medical education is to produce competent and capable professional practitioners who can combine the art and science of medicine. Moreover, this process must prepare individuals to practise in a field in which knowledge is increasing and the contexts in which that knowledge is applied are changing in unpredictable ways. The ‘basic sciences’ are important in the training of a physician. The goal of basic science training is to learn it in a way that the material can be applied in practice. Much effort has been expended to integrate basic science and clinical training, while adding many other topics to the medical curriculum. This effort has been challenging. The aims of the paper are (1) to propose a unifying conceptual framework that facilitates knowledge integration among all levels of living systems from cell to society and (2) illustrate the organizing principles with two examples of the framework in action – cybernetic systems (with feedback) and distributed robustness.

Methods

Literature related to hierarchical and holarchical frameworks was reviewed.

Results

An organizing framework derived from living systems theory and spanning the range from molecular biology to health systems management was developed. The application of cybernetic systems to three levels (regulation of pancreatic beta cell production of insulin, physician adjustment of medication for glycaemic control and development and action of performance measures for diabetes care) was illustrated. Similarly distributed robustness was illustrated by the DNA damage response system and principles underlying patient safety.

Conclusions

Each of the illustrated organizing principles offers a means to facilitate the weaving of basic science and clinical medicine throughout the course of study. The use of such an approach may promote systems thinking, which is a core competency for effective and capable medical practice.
Accounting for Complex Sample Designs in Analyses of the Survey of Consumer Finances
Authors: Shin Su Hyun , Hanna Sherman D.
Published: March 2016

We examined the effects of using bootstrap weights to account for the complex sample design in analyses of Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) datasets. No article published in this journal that has used the SCF has mentioned the issue of complex sample designs. We compared results obtained without weights and with application of population and bootstrap weights in a logistic regression, and found no substantial differences between the unweighted and the weighted analyses. We also compared results for an ordinary least squares regression, and found few differences between unweighted and weighted models. Unweighted regressions produced more conservative significance tests than the counterpart, and some econometricians have suggested that unweighted analyses are better for hypothesis testing. If estimation of the magnitudes of effects is important, weighted regression may be better because it produces consistent estimators. Researchers should be cautious in drawing conclusions when weighted and unweighted effects are substantially different.
Ageism and Depression: Perceptions of Older People as a Burden in China
Authors: Bai Xue , Lai Daniel W.L. , Guo Aimei
Published: March 2016

Traditional values and beliefs about aging and older adults appear to be changing in China, as a result of transformations in family structure and social system in the context of rapid modernization and economic growth. This study examined the effects of burden views toward Chinese older adults on their depressive symptoms based on a secondary analysis of data collected from a sample of 954 Chinese adults aged 60 and over in Jiangsu Province. After controlling for sociodemographic, health, and family relationship variables, results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that participants with stronger views of older people as a burden to family and society were at higher risk of depressive symptoms. Findings of this study can inform the development of policies and programs to address mental health challenges facing older adults in China, focusing on helping them get rid of the burden views about older people, improving family relationship quality, and fostering a positive attitude toward aging in the wider society.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from macroalgae Ulva lactuca against clinically important Staphylococci is impacted by lunar phase of macroalgae harvest
Authors: Deveau A.M. , Miller-Hope Z. , Lloyd E. , Williams B.S. , Bolduc C. , Meader J.M. , Weiss F. , Burkholder K.M.
Published: March 2016

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterial pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue infections. Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) are increasingly drug-resistant, and thus there is great need for new therapeutics to treat Staph. aureus infections. Attention has focused on potential utility of natural products, such as extracts of marine macroalgae, as a source of novel antimicrobial compounds. The green macroalgae Ulva lactuca produces compounds inhibitory to human pathogens, although the effectiveness of U. lactuca extracts against clinically relevant strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. In addition, macroalgae produce secondary metabolites that may be influenced by exogenous factors including lunar phase, but whether lunar phase affects U. lactuca antimicrobial capacity is unknown. We sought to evaluate the antibacterial properties of U. lactuca extracts against medically important Staphylococci, and to determine the effect of lunar phase on antimicrobial activity. We report that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a range of Staphylococci, and that lunar phase of macrolagae harvest significantly impacts antimicrobial activity, suggesting that antimicrobial properties can be maximized by manipulating time of algal harvest. These findings provide useful parameters for future studies aimed at isolating and characterizing U. lactuca anti-Staphylococcal agents.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant human pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has intensified efforts towards discovery and development of novel therapeutics. Marine macroalgae like Ulva lactuca are increasingly recognized as potential sources of antimicrobials, but the efficacy of U. lactuca extracts against common, virulent strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. We demonstrate that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a variety of clinically relevant Staphylococcus strains, and that the antimicrobial activity can be maximized by optimizing time of algal harvest. These findings provide potentially useful parameters for future work of isolating and identifying novel antimicrobial agents from macroalgae.
Free the sheep: improvised song and performance in and around a minecraft community
Authors: Bailey Chris
Published: March 2016

Recent work around the use of virtual world video games in educational contexts has conceptualised literacies as communal processes, whilst considering complex notions of collaboration through participants' multiplicity of presence in hybrid virtual / physical locations. However, further research is necessary in order to help us understand how the complex interactions afforded by such spaces influence ‐ and are influenced by ‐ children's social relationships. This article draws upon data from a year‐long ethnographic study, investigating a group of ten and eleven year old children's engagement with the video game ‘Minecraft’ as they collaborate to build a ‘virtual community’. With a particular focus on the children's improvised singing and use of song during the club, I examine how their creative practices ‐ drawing on a wide range of self‐selected resources, played out both in and out of the virtual world ‐ help to fundamentally shape the nature of the space around them. Furthermore, through examination of one particular performance, I demonstrate the importance of ensuring that such details are not written out of accounts of children interactions around technology, if we are to understand the true potential of such environments.
Host finding of the pigeon tick Argas reflexus
Authors: BOXLER B. , ODERMATT P. , HAAG‐WACKERNAGEL D.
Published: March 2016

The medically and veterinary important feral pigeon tick Argas reflexus (Ixodida: Argasidae) Fabricius usually feeds on pigeons, but if its natural hosts are not available, it also enters dwellings to bite humans that can possibly react with severe allergic reactions. Argas reflexus is ecologically extremely successful as a result of some outstanding morphological, physiological, and ethological features. Yet, it is still unknown how the pigeon tick finds its hosts. Here, different host stimuli such as living nestlings as well as begging calls, body heat, smell, host breath and tick faeces, were tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Of all stimuli tested, only heat played a role in host‐finding. The heat stimulus was then tested under natural conditions within a pigeon loft. The results showed that A. reflexus is able to find a host over short distances of only a few centimetres. Furthermore, it finds its host by random movements and recognizes a host only right before direct contact is made. The findings are useful for the control of A. reflexus in infested apartments, both to diagnose an infestation and to perform a success monitoring after disinfestation.