bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Canva sebagai Media Presentasi dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran di Kelas bagi Guru SD di Magelang
Authors: Ikaningrum Rini Estiyowati , Indriani Lilia , Amalia Irene Kendy
Published: December 2023

Saat ini, semua sekolah berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran agar menjadi lebih menarik dan menyenangkan. Guru sebagai fasilitator di dalam kelas diharapkan mampu untuk menampilkan proses pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif dengan memanfaatkan teknologi. Meskipun kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam hal pemanfaatan teknologi masih sering ditemui, namun ternyata masih ada kelompok guru yang ingin terus mengembangkan kemampuan di bidang pengajaran. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pendampingan sangat diperlukan untuk membantu guru-guru dalam memanfaatkan teknologi. Tujuan kegiatan pendampingan yaitu mendampingi guru dalam mengenal fitur aplikasi Canva, mendesain template, layout dan gaya desain yang menarik untuk media presentasi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Selain itu, tim pengabdian ingin mengetahui bagaimana respons guru dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pendampingan. Metode yang dilakukan terbagi menjadi beberapa tahap yaitu: observasi, sosialisasi pelaksanaan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Mitra dari kegiatan pendampingan ini yaitu guru SD Kramat 5 di Wilayah Magelang. Teknik pengumpulan data didapatkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara serta angket yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari kegiatan pendampingan didapatkan hasil bahwa para guru tampak antusias dalam mengikuti setiap rangkaian kegiatan pendampingan dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi Canva. Selain itu, kegiatan ini menghasilkan luaran berupa media canva yang dibuat para guru untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan presentasi materi dan diskusi di kelas. Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pendampingan pemanfaatan aplikasi Canva ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi para guru SD dalam memvariasikan kegiatan pembelajaran yang sebelumnya lebih banyak menggunakan buku atau media presentasi konvensional menjadi menggunakan aplikasi yang lebih menarik.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Guru dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran POS PAUD Nusa Indah Teluk Bakau
Authors: Siregar Eko Febri Syahputra , Fitriyah Dina , Sarkity Dios , Juriansyah Juriansyah , Syahfitri Rahmainy
Published: December 2023

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) merupakan satuan Pendidikan yang sangat penting dalam menunjang dan mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik pada usia keemasan. Berbagai permasalahan dihadapi oleh Pos PAUD Nusa Indah Teluk Bakau terkait implementasi kurikulum merdeka, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, serta pengembangan minat dan bakat anak melalui penyelenggaraan PAUD. Dalam rangka memberikan solusi, Tim Pengabdian UMRAH melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk implementasi kurikulum merdeka bagi Guru POS PAUD Nusa Indah Teluk Bakau. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam menyusun Modul Ajar, mengoptimalkan komunitas belajar, dan menyelenggarakan pembelajaran dalam rangka meningkatkan minat dan bakat siswa. Metode dilakukan dengan cara kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan instrumen untuk menganalisis ketercapaian luaran dari implementasi kurikulum Merdeka. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan melalui pemberian pretest dan posttest serta penilaian tugas pelatihan melalui metode dokumentasi berupa modul ajar, dokumen pelaksanan pembelajaran dan dokumen pelaksanaan komunitas belajar. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta pelatihan dalam memahami konsep implementasi kurikulum merdeka, penyusunan modul ajar, serta komunitas belajar. Melalui kegiatan ini, guru juga telah mampu menyusun modul ajar, melaksanakan komunitas belajar secara optimal, dan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan mengoptimalkan penyalur minat dan bakat peserta didik melalui Pojok Kreasi.
Pascal's texts: the type of narrative instance, the status of truth, and the theme of nuance
Authors: Khoma Oleg
Published: December 2023

The article interprets the specificity of the author’s narrative instance in Pascal's texts. In order to clarify this specificity, the author formulates two typologies: (a) the typology of Pascal's philosophico-theological texts; (b) the typology of persons participating in dialogues (dialogue is one of the key types of Pascal's texts).
The author also formulates 5 key meanings in which Pascal uses the concept of truth and assesses their representation in the text of the Thoughts. Such an assessment is particularly important because, according to the author's typology, the Thoughts fall into a separate category of texts for which it is problematic to identify a particular narrative instance with the author's position. Based on this consideration and taking into account the outlined specifics of the Thoughts, the author argues for the irreducibility of Pascal's pluralistic conception of truth to any of these basic meanings, even though they are abundantly found in the text. According to author, this constitutes a direct argument against the possibility of a literalist reading and interpretation of Pascal's texts, which is based on a non-problematic vision of the narrative instance in these texts.
Benjamin and Goldman as the readers of Pascal. Benjamin's theory of sorrow and Goldman's theory of tragic vision
Authors: Sagnol Marc
Published: December 2023

The article describes and partially compares Walter Benjamin's theory of sorrow and Lucien Goldman's theory of tragic vision. The comparison is made in the light of the connections between both theories and Pascal's philosophy. The author concludes that these theories are essentially analogous and complementary. In the author's opinion, both theories, despite all the differences, clarify sadness and tragedy by addressing the paradox of human existence that consists in the discovery of the vast infinity of the world and the inaccessibility of transcendence, in the light of which, however, we are forced to think about our own existence. Based on the results of the review, the author emphasizes the essential parallelism and connection of both theories with Pascal's philosophy, which to some extent can be seen as their common ground.
Pascal on passions
Authors: Gomilko Olga
Published: December 2023

Author examines the problematic relationship between rationality and passions in Pascal's doctrine in four contexts: (1) the foundations of New European metaphysics, which are characterized by the desomatization of man - the removal of corporeality from the essential human attributes; (2) the tradition of opposition to this desomatization in Modern metaphysics, as well as in the philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (3) the Christian doctrine of man as a fundamentally spiritual and corporeal being, as well as the doctrine of the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the passion of Christ and the atonement of original sin; (4) the Christian doctrine of love as a force that overcomes the internal contradiction of human nature. Based on the results of the study of Pascal's doctrine of the passions, the author argues for the view of Pascal as the historically first opponent of the 1) foundation of New European metaphysics, as well as a thinker who simultaneously combined deep Christian religiosity and Modern rationality.
Caring for the "thinking reed". The calling of the epochs: B. Pascal and M. Heidegger
Authors: Georgiy Zaichenko Georgiy
Published: December 2023

The article examines Heidegger's interpretation of a number of philosophical ideas, first formulated by Blaise Pascal, as the author points out. In particular, those are ideas of: 1) the relationship between man and nature as finite and infinite; 2) the disharmony of human nature; 3) the possibility of a positive resolution of the essentially antinomic contradictions between 1) and 2) only on the basis of a combination of intellectual and emotional and moral comprehension of the world. The parallelism of Pascal's and Heidegger's treatment of these subjects proves, in the author's opinion, the deep affinity of these philosophies.
Pascal's theme of man and its development in existential philosophy
Authors: Zolkina S.
Published: December 2023

The article reconstructs the image of man in Pascal's philosophy and compares it with the relevant themes of modern existential philosophy. The author identifies a number of key features of the image of man in Pascal's philosophy: 1) the transience of human existence in the light of the infinity of the world; 2) the impossibility of human comprehension of infinity, which gives rise to man’s existential anxiety of, on the one hand, enclosure in his own existence and, on the other, dissolving in the infinity of the world; 3) man's turning to knowing himself as a way to cope with such an anxiety. The author compares these features with the image of man in the existential philosophy of the twentieth century and argues that they are also characteristic of the latter. On this ground, the author states that Pascal's doctrine and twentieth-century existential philosophy are related.
Pascal and the natural law
Authors: Lazzeri Christian
Published: December 2023

The article examines the problem of Pascal's attitude to the concept of natural law in the context of a new way of understanding politics. This way emerged after the skeptical crisis of the late 16th century, along with attempts to scientifically justify natural law, which was intended to become the backbone of a new type of society. Pascal subjected this justification to radical criticism. Yet it is difficult to classify Pascal's position, because, on the one hand, it falls behind the mainstream of modern political philosophy, and on the other hand, it opens the way to a non-legal analysis of politics. It is this analysis that constitutes an alternative to the constructions of philosophers who were committed to the concept of the social contract.
Ratiocentric and cordocentric controversies of Modern European humanism: B. Pascal's "logic of the heart"
Authors: Bychko Ihor
Published: December 2023

The article examines Pascal's philosophy in the context of the confrontation between naturalistic and humanistic trends in the history of philosophy from Antiquity to the Baroque periods (the highest manifestation of this period is the confrontation between two humanisms: Renaissance ratiocentric and Baroque cordocentric ones). Pascal's philosophy is considered in the article as a manifestation of Baroque thought. In particular – in terms of the general view of nature and human destiny. It is indicated that, in contrast to Renaissance anthropocentrism, which put forward reason as the key and highest human faculty, Baroque theocentric thinking relegitimates the "heart" faculty which is necessary for cognition of the divine dimensions of the world. On this ground, the author interprets Pascal's philosophy as cordocentric: one that, against the background of the limitations of the absolute epistemological claims of reason, justifies the importance of the "heart" faculty in discovering the fundamental principles of God, nature, and the world. According to this vision, reason is assigned the function of explaining these principles.
Pascal's negative image of sociality
Authors: Shamrai Viktoria
Published: December 2023

The author states the negative nature of Pascal's attitude towards the theories of natural law and social contract due to their fundamental inability to offer a positive maxim of human behavior. Author argues that one of the grounds for Pascal's criticism is that the theories of social contract and natural law rather fix and cement the negative aspects of man manifested in his natural state. Reconstructing the deeper foundations of this critique, the author argues that it is rather not Christianity in itself, but the existential spirit of Pascal's philosophy that makes him an opponent to the idea of the social contract and determines his negative position towards sociality. Pascal does not create a teaching in the field of social philosophy that can become an alternative to the social contract theory. His thoughts are characterized by the author rather as notes in the margins of the latter. These notes clearly show a line of criticism and a tendency towards the rejection of sociality, which is opposed to the social constructivism of the last two centuries of European history.
The concept of tradition in B. Pascal’s philosophy
Authors: Hudzhen Olha
Published: December 2023

The author notes that the starting point for the interpretation of Pascal's understanding of the Christian tradition is the unity of letter and spirit, concretely embodied in the figure of Christ as the coincidence of the minimum and maximum of interpretation, of letter and spirit, of secular and sacred hermeneutics. This gives rise to a dualistic attitude to tradition: criticality and differentiated consideration with universal recognition. The author also emphasizes the importance of the concept of tradition for the formation of Pascal's position on Descartes' philosophy: tradition functions in Pascal's philosophy as an explanation of the fact that there is no obvious beginning from which all philosophy can be deduced.
Religious-philosophical views of human existence (based on the works of B. Pascal and E. Gilson)
Authors: Klitchuk Alina
Published: December 2023

The author argues that the views of Blaise Pascal and Etienne Gilson are generally consistent. This consistency is characterized by four shared key theses: (1) according to Pascal, faith and reason are incommensurable; the purpose of reason is not to know faith, but only to find out the sincerity of personal faith; (2) the essence of Christianity is that God is felt by the heart, not the mind; Gilson shares this view of Pascal and emphasizes that faith in God is the result of a person's personal will; (3) although man is a reed against the background of existence, this reed is capable of believing and thinking, and this is his power. This is the main common motive in the works of B. Pascal and E. Gilson: (4) a life illuminated by Christian faith is the most precious gift and the highest goal of human earthly existence.
The thinking soul and the God’s omnipotence. Two motives in Descartes' justification of metaphysics
Authors: Baumeister Andrii
Published: December 2023

The author examines Descartes' doctrine as one of the first attempts to synthesize the new idea of Galilean science with the tradition of ancient and medieval metaphysics. This required a combination of a number of tendencies, two of which are the consideration of thinking as the main attribute of an incorporeal substance and the consideration of God's omnipotence as the ever-present context of human cognition. On the basis of Plato's Dialogues, the article proves that the first tendency (based on the thesis that it is impossible to derive eternal truths from sense experience) indicates Platonic motives in Descartes' thinking. The second tendency (represented by the thesis of the possibility of direct intuitive contemplation) appears as a derivative of the theses of Duns Scotus and William of Ockham about the determining role of unlimited grace in substantiating the human ability to intuitively cognize contingent facts. The author argues that these tendencies, despite belonging to different traditions, are united in Descartes by an inseparable synthesis, which is the living experience of the thinking soul in the face of God’s omnipotence.
The shift from spirit to culture: poetics of the commonplace
Authors: Holovashenko Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article considers the poetics of the common place as a postmodern principle of philosophical criticism. Traditional critics is always aimed at a "finished work", a "text", an "artefact" that has a certain meaning. In the "artefact", the researcher and critic tried to find what Heidegger defined as the truth in the work itself. Instead, postmodernism produces artefacts as such. The transition from the project of modernity to the postmodern space of artefacts follows in two ways: (1) through overcoming the growing conservatism of traditional understanding and (2) through the ideological influence of postmodernity as a cultural movement that has taken the form of contemporary symbolic expressions. According to the author, the postmodern culture of philosophizing attempts to substantiate the idea of becoming through singular experimentation in artistic and philosophical practice, i.e. through the search for an appropriate form to reflect the subject areas of becoming. In addition, the emphasis in the description of becoming is clearly shifting: from the terms of spirit to the terms of culture.
Descartes' epistolary legacy: diagnosis — "betrayal" of rationalism
Authors: Gomilko Olga
Published: December 2023

The possibility of a new interpretation of Descartes is determined by his epistolary legacy and scientific texts. The author analyses Descartes' correspondence with Princess Elizabeth, in particular the concept of substantial union, which does not fit into the «conventional» paradigm of understanding Descartes as a dualist and mechanist. The article is partly based on the work of Daniel Garber. The author focuses on two aspects. Firstly, the refusal of interpretation of the mind-body interaction in terms of the law of conservation. Secondly, ontological characteristics are assigned to this interaction. These aspects, in the author's opinion, are the basis for postulation the virtue of Cartesian thinking. After all, it not only breaks with the rationalism of the time, realising its limits and dead ends, but also lays the foundations for the concept of corporeality developed later in the phenomenological tradition.
The category of «beginning» in Hegel's philosophy and thinking
Authors: Opolev Viktor
Published: December 2023

The article aims to interpret the Hegel's category of «beginning». The author distinguishes three types of beginnings: (1) historical – it refers to the facts and events of the past, which begin a particular sustainable development process; (2) ontological – as the basis of the existence of the relevant phenomenon, called «here and now»; (3) epistemological – as the cognitive basis of cognition of the relevant phenomena, which determines both the content and the special form of this cognition. The differentiation of interconnected principles forms a cognitive a priori that sets the conditions for intelligibility and the order of constitution of certain phenomena. The author comes to the conclusion that Hegel exhausts the theme of the beginning within classical philosophy and begins its non-classical interpretation.
Antique origins of the relations between Modern philosophy and mathematics
Authors: Uzbek Kostiantyn
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the ancient origins of the mathematical foundations of Cartesian rationalism. The author concludes that Cartesian project of «mathesis universalis» synthesised the ideas of many ancient thinkers. In particular, the idea of coordinates comes from Apollonius, the use of motion in mathematics from Archimedes, and the concept of modelling mathematical objects (Cartesius uses geometric shapes) from the Pythagoreans. The author, while acknowledging the conventionality of these parallels, concludes that without the ancient union of philosophy and mathematics, this unity could not have developed in the modern era.
The Modernity: the question of substance
Authors: Maniuk Oles
Published: December 2023

The article examines the views of Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz on substance. The author proceeds from the ontological gap between modernity and postmodernity, asking: are the significance of the concept of substance really unshakable and self-evident today? To raise the question of substance means to reinterpret the classics of modernity in such a way that the internal dissonance of their thinking, which explains the transition from modernity to postmodernity, appears as an inevitable course. In particular, the author finds in the texts of early modern philosophers the theme of the ontology of the event and the pluralism of foundations, not explicitly expressed at the level of content, but present in the lacunae and gaps in their thought. This paves the way to the postmodern ontology of language and consolidates the plot of «eternal modernity».
Western European doctrines of reason in the philosophical courses of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in the XVII-XVIII centuries
Authors: Losytska A.
Published: December 2023

У статті досліджується проблема засвоєння зразків західноєвропейської філософії професорами Києво-Могилянської академії XVII–XVIII ст. Авторка розглядає трансформацію концепції раціональності на матеріалі лекційних курсів Теофана Прокоповича, Стефана Калиновського, Сильвестра Кулябки, Михайла Козачинського, Ґеорґія Кониського та Ґеорґія Щербацького. Висновується характерна риса цього періоду — натурфілософське розуміння розуму, що спирається на субʼєкт-обʼєктну дихотомію і природний закон. Щербацький, на думку авторки, підбиває підсумки попереднього періоду й закладає проєкт критичної раціональності в українській філософії.
Abstract law and actual reality: social critique from F. Poullain de la Barre to Charles Fourier
Authors: Slobodianuk Olena
Published: December 2023

The article compares the views of François Poullain de la Barre and Charles Fourier on gender equality. The research is based on the background of historical and philosophical transformations associated with the transition from Cartesian rationalism to enlightenment and post-enlightenment thinking. The latter focuses primarily on social criticism and human transformation through the transformation of social relations. Although the author states that some of the provisions of French philosophers have a common origin (the ideological potential of Cartesianism and the modern doctrine of natural law), they interpret the target aspect differently. While Poullain de la Barre seeks to prove the identity of men's and women's abilities, Fourier's task is to find practical grounds that will allow for real equality of the sexes. In addition, the degree of equality achieved by women is derived from the degree of overcoming social (in particular, economic) injustice in general.
Modern conceptions of matter: contemporary reminiscences
Authors: Bazaluk Oleg
Published: December 2023

The article explores the potential of Descartes' view of matter in the light of modern discussions. The author compares the key theses of the «Principia Philosophiae» about the physical picture of the world with the concept of «holomovement» of the physicist David Bohm, noting the affinity of the conclusion about the synergistic unity of space, time and matter with a number of Cartesian conclusions.
Polemical notes on the problem of the essence of human life
Authors: Kolos Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

Review of Bazaluk, O. A. (2002). The Essence of Human Life. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka.
De la recherche de la vérité. Éclaircissements
Authors: Malebranche Nicolas
Published: December 2023

The first Ukrainian translation of Nicolas Malbranche's «Éclaircissements» to his Opus magnum treatise «De la recherche de la vérité».
Features of the play of imagination in the postmodern era
Authors: Pavlova Olena
Published: December 2023

Based on the texts of postmodern philosophers, the article analyses the crisis of the real and the imaginary. The context of this analysis is the difference between European and American cultures. Through the criticism of social and technological progress, the article substantiates the change in the form of modern consciousness and its manifestations, in particular, the loss of integrity and completeness of being.
Transcendental anthropology and poetry (metaphysical parallels)
Authors: Shevtsov Sergii
Published: December 2023

In this article, the author analyses and compares the views of Kant, Heidegger, Husserl, Brodsky and Bakhtin, and examines the problem of time, space, and contemplation. Another subject of consideration is the finitude of being, which combines the three previous aspects.
Counter-desomatization in Nietzsche, or nihilism as vitalism
Authors: Homilko Olga
Published: December 2023

The article analyses the relevance of Nietzsche's ideas on life and the body in the general context of the Western philosophical tradition. The author comes to the conclusion that Nietzsche's vitalism, which she interprets as a "counter-desomatisation" of a human being, has not yet lost its heuristic potential and continues to excite the philosophical conscience of new generations.
Heidegger’s interpretation of Rene Descartes’ philosophy
Authors: Panteleieva Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article reconstructs the arguments of Heidegger's critique of classical metaphysics, in particular Cartesian metaphysics. Heidegger saw Cartesianism as a source of modern metaphysical foundations and related prejudices. The author comes to the conclusion that the main object of Heidegger's criticism is (1) misunderstanding of the ambiguity of Cartesian philosophical instruction; (2) the definition of a human being as cogito; (3) the concept of the world as nature.
The genesis of modern idea of sovereignty
Authors: Proleiev Sergii , Shamrai Viсtoriia
Published: December 2023

The article analyses the development of the idea of sovereignty, which is the result of six centuries of intellectual and political development that began in the early Middle Ages. Having studied the development of this idea from the idea of the plenitudo potestatis of the papacy in Gregory VII to the idea of the sovereign individual in Locke, the authors conclude that the modern understanding of popular sovereignty and the state is a consequence of the modern idea of sovereign individuals that form a political community in the only possible way - on the basis of agreement.
Immanuel Kant’s system of critical idealism
Authors: Kushakov Yurii
Published: December 2023

A fragment of Professor Yuriy Kushakov's lecture course "German Philosophy of Modern Times" on the doctrine of Immanuel Kant is published for the first time.
Democracy: А new influx
Authors: Revel Jean-François
Published: December 2023

The first Ukrainian translation of Jean-François Revel's «Le Regain démocratique».
The modern legacy of contemporary tolerance
Authors: Khoma Oleg
Published: December 2023

Commentary on the translation of Revel, J.-F. (1992). Le Regain démocratique. Paris: Fayard.
«Synergetics and scientific rationality» (second session)
Authors: Makarov Zorislav
Published: December 2023

Review of the round table "Synergetics and Scientific Rationality" (16.09.2002).
The problem of the origin of error and its status in Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy
Authors: Prokopov Denis
Published: December 2023

According to Descartes, the use of free will is a key way to avoid the errors that arise from the will's attempts to outrun the intellect. The main cause of errors is the combination of infinite will and limited intelligence in man. This combination allows a person to avoid defining the error as an accident and, at the same time, attributing to it the "evil intentions" of God. The author emphasizes that Descartes considers error not only as an epistemological phenomenon, but also as an ontological reality rooted in man. This approach leads to the recognition of error as the basis for distinguishing man as a unique existence that interacts with God and being through a specific relationship to error.
The foundations of the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Spasenko Natalia
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the role of language, conceptual schemes, ontology and epistemic losses in the works of Thomas Hobbes. The author highlights two types of interpretive schemes: (1) emphasis on systematic unity and integrity in Hobbes's work, (2) consideration of Hobbes' works as a set of individual parts. Two ways of justifying the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes are also investigated: based on prudence and definitive (scientific). The author justifies that philosophia prima is Hobbes's theory of experience and that it is human experience that makes science possible.
About the harm of science to life. Science and education as key philosophical issues in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers
Authors: Wischke Mirko
Published: December 2023

The author analyzes the views of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers on the essence and goals of science. According to Nietzsche, scientific interest has no clear goal and ultimately leads to nihilism. Nietzsche criticizes science for the limitless accumulation of information, which blinds and prevents the evaluation of the achieved results. For Jaspers, the desire for knowledge, rooted in human nature, not only has unforeseen consequences, but also does not provide an answer to the question of the essence of science from an internal perspective. The author points out the risk of believing that science can create or transform a person, and considers this belief a scientific superstition. He warns against elevating science to the level of a worldview, and also points to the potential threats of genetic engineering.
Sense and reference: implications of the theory of experience in the analytical philosophy of language
Authors: Minakov Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

The author examines the epistemological project of analytic philosophy, which went through stages of transformation marked by the influence of Frege and Russell. The article emphasizes the main points of the first stage of analytic philosophy, during which the sphere of experience merged with language. The next stage defines a new subject - Wittgenstein's "language subject". According to the author, this subject of speech makes decisions about the sense or absurdity of sentences based on logical form and belongs to the transcendental subject of speech in general. But in the end, the epistemological project of analytic philosophy moved to new directions in which questions about experience lost their relevance.
Under the yoke of women: the Enlightenment's dialectics of the power of Nature and the power over Nature
Authors: Kuznetsov Vsevolod
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the criticism of the thesis about the female-feminist Enlightenment. The author analyzes the relationship between man, woman and nature in the context of domination. Under the influence of Rousseau's works, the author conducts a study of the social and natural in their correlation with the feminine-masculine. The author believes that the theory of female Enlightenment is a postmodern speculative discourse, and therefore has no historical validity.
An attempt to bring out a “new breed” of people in 18th-century Russia and Russian self-identification
Authors: Nemchynov Ihor
Published: December 2023

The paradigm of the interaction of "own" and "foreign", Russia and Europe defined Russian culture during the 18th-20th centuries. The utopian idea of creating a "new kind" of people, which appeared in the circle of Catherine II under the influence of European Enlightenment ideas, accurately characterizes this paradigm. The Enlightenment was a radical rejection of the traditional feudal worldview, a rejection of the old foundations of life. The author emphasizes that Catherine II and her entourage were not determined to radically change the existing social order in the spirit of enlightenment, choosing a more conservative path of "enlightenment absolutism". In addition, the project of creating a "new person" through education in isolated institutions points to the paradoxical nature of this idea and its implementation in the history of Russia.
The idea of modern and the Western tradition. Article 2
Authors: Baumeister Andrii
Published: December 2023

The Enlightenment invented a new unique format for philosophical thinking, turning philosophy into a force that affects the real world. The author calls for recognition of the productive forces of the Enlightenment, which appear as defenders of rational transparency and intellectual honesty. By rejecting the teleological context and focusing on formal aspects, Enlightenment ideas lead to a loss of connection with concrete reality and the purpose of actions. The last decades have seen a revival of the classical tradition, but there are difficulties in understanding the physical order and its relationship with the moral order. The author agrees with the criticism of the Enlightenment project, but opposes the rejection of any universalist project in general. Considering value pluralism as a result of the late Enlightenment, the author points out that the universalist project is opposed by various forms of relativism. It is in this context that tradition should resume its role.
The art how to know men. Book I. The idea of the natural perfection of men
Authors: Cureau de La Chambre Marin , Khoma Oleg
Published: December 2023

The first Ukrainian translation of the work of Marin Cureau de La Chambre "The art how to know men"
In defense of Popper or the Marxist way of criticism
Authors: Yudin Olexander
Published: December 2023

Review of Buzgalyn, A. V. (2003). Anti-Popper: Social liberation and ego friends. Moscow: Editorial of the USSR.
The problem of the creation of the concept and the criticism of the classical theory of the abstraction in Ernest Cassirer’s philosophy
Authors: Dys Nina
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legitimacy of the transition from logic to ontology in the work of Ernest Cassirer "Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff. Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen der Erkenntniskritik". After analysing some aspects of the classical theory of abstraction (mainly its Aristotelian-Lockean version, as well as Mill's inductive logic), Cassirer reveals a number of problems associated with both the use of this theory in the study of modern sciences and its application to the analysis of the phenomenon of thinking in general. For Cassirer, the classical theory of abstraction leads to paradoxes and difficulties due to the correlation between the volume and content of the concept and the process of generalisation. Cassirer solves these problems by turning to mathematics. The author demonstrates that this text by Cassirer is one of the classic examples of philosophical analysis of the foundations of logic.
“The space of mind” and stating of reliability in Descartes’s philosophy
Authors: Prokopov Denys
Published: December 2023

The article investigates the process of establishing reliability in the philosophy of R. Descartes in the context of his epistemological transformation within the theory of knowledge. The author tries to find answers to the questions of what is the mind that Descartes finds through the procedure of methodological doubt, why we characterise it as a spatially defined mind, and what is the coordinate system that allows us to interpret the mind in terms of something more than a simple set of ideas. The author analyses the founding and development of the tradition of substantiating the validity of the world, which was characteristic of modern philosophy and the process of cognition with the thesis of the absolute validity of reason.
Giacomo Zabarella’s treatise “De natura logicae”. To the problem of the creation of the methodological principles of the modern philosophy
Authors: Sekundant Sergii
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the treatise "De natura logicae" written by the most prominent representative of the Padua school Giacomo Zabarella. Based on the analysis of the arguments presented in this treatise and the assessment of various researchers regarding the role of Zabarella in the history of logic, the author shows that it was in the Italian Aristotelianism of the sixteenth century that a "methodological breakthrough" to the Modern philosophy was first made, so this period should be considered as a special stage in the development of philosophy. The author argues that the Padua School opens the way for a new type of rationality and introduces a new ideal of reliable knowledge, which gives new opportunities to the mathematical sciences and questions the reliability of metaphysical knowledge. Zabarella's example also proves that the principles of empirical and rationalist methodologies were formed within the framework of a type of nominalism and the justification of the primacy of epistemological and methodological approaches.
Hobbes’ theory of the experience: the man’s body and the body of the country on the background of the thing antology
Authors: Spasenko Natalija
Published: December 2023

According to the author, T. Hobbes' theory of experience should be viewed in the context of his new ontological assumptions made under the influence of G. Galilei and the operational concept of science. Limiting the influence of final causes to the sphere of motivation leads to a material ontology of the mind. This makes it impossible to build a balanced theory of experience: Hobbes focuses too much on the criteria of individualisation of the subject of experience (based on the body principle) at the expense of the unity of common experience. Concluding on the specificity of Hobbes' political ontology, the author argues that the specificity arises from the radical atomisation of the speech ontology with the removal of the principle of causality from it.
Descartes’ cogito as a basis of the phenomenological realizing of a consciousness
Authors: Holub Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the Cartesian cogito as a basic concept of the phenomenological approach to consciousness. The author aims to develop the thesis about the importance of the Cartesian cogito in the context of the possibility of the unconscious in phenomenological psychology. The solid foundation of Cartesian "universal mathematics" is consciousness, purified from sensual components, access to which is achieved through the methodical procedure of doubt. In the author's opinion, R. Descartes' influence on E. Husserl regarding the concept of consciousness was exercised through F. Brentano, and the author provides a refutation of F. Brentano's possibility of the existence of the unconscious. In this aspect, the problem of the correlation between consciousness and psyche, as well as the issue of the unconscious in the phenomenological tradition is considered. The author concludes that the unconscious cannot act as an ontological level of the unconscious psyche.
Kant and “the philosophy of the dialogue”: paradoxes of interrelation
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of the Kantian foundations of the "philosophy of dialogue" as one of the original trends in the philosophy of the twentieth century. In the author's opinion, Kant's understanding of man as a dialogical being addressed to the Other appears. The author aims at reconstructing the essential features of the "philosophy of dialogue" as a trend in non-classical philosophy, analysing two key ideas of Kant that determined the innovativeness of his philosophy, and proving the fact of continuity and substantive connection of these phenomena in the history of philosophy. Besides there is shown an essential correlation and the order of Kant’s ideas “the criticism of free mind” and “the things in person” in one sight and the key conceptions: the philosophy of the dialogue” in another one. The latter is analysed as a specific way of implementing the Kantian paradigm of rethinking the foundations of human existence and cognition.
Kant’s Visions through the Prism of Modern Philosophy: the Problem of the Human Dimension of Being
Authors: Meteljova Tetjana
Published: December 2023

The readers of the article can observe the connection between the conceptual theses of modern philosophic schools (i.e. phenomenology, existentialism, structuralism, postmodernist philosophy) and Kant’s researches of the problem of the adequacy of the human being and the world. Stressing Kant’s primogeniture in discovering and researching the opposition between “the world of a human’s acts” and “the world of the nature’s determinations”, the Author comes to the conclusion that the ontological demarcation between the two worlds – the natural world and the world, freely created by a human being – which was grounded by Kant, is now lost by the modern philosophy. According to this modernity it is still a long way to a new stratum of Kant’s achievements, to a new confirmation of the difference and the parity of the two dimensions of the being.
What is “the ontological difference” in Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy?
Authors: Skopin Denis
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of the interpretation of the philosophical texts. There is analysed Gilles Deleuze’s approach to the interpretation of the cartesianism (on an example of the chapter X of his book «Spinoza et le probleme de l’expression»). This approach which is different from a traditional one consists of the creating and making “experiment”: a model of the cartesianism faces with a model of of the spinozisme and losts in this collision. Through an analysis of the concepts of difference in Aristotle, Plato, Hegel, Bergson and Nietzsche, the author shows that Deleuze's approach is positive and new, because here the affirmation prevails over the negation and it is the negation of the old. Deleuze shows that difference has always been presented in the perspective of identity, and analyses existing interpretations of difference in terms of their relationship to certain types of identity.
Global world versus virtual town
Authors: Solodka Olena
Published: December 2023

The author analyses the phenomena of the development of modern urban civilisation, which have direct analogues in the development of cities in medieval Europe. According to the author, it is the Renaissance thematisation of the urban world that has acquired the character of permanent relevance, which is still in demand today. Through the experience of medieval studies and analysis of U. Eco's works, the author proves that the principles of medieval urban ideology were more like the ideological foundations of the pre-antique urban world, developed by Old Testament urban motifs. The image of the Temple as a special Jerusalem origin of the Christian urban tradition opens up the possibility to consider the material world of the city in the perspective of the symbolic or imaginary world, and in this perspective the original ambivalence of the City's aspirations is revealed.
Is the concept of the modern an “alwaysmodernity” of European tradition or the New time creation?
Authors: Shamray Victoria
Published: December 2023

The article devoted to the discussion of the thesis that the conception of the modernity with typical for it controversy between “old and modern” is not a specific trait of new times cultural situation and enlightenment conscience. Enough grounds for the consideration of it as a fundamental element of European tradition since the time of late antiquity. The peculiarity of its importance in Modern Time first of all consists of the secularization of reality due to which other articulations of temporal dispositions appears. For defining of the modernity, the decisive socio-cultural characteristics are of no great importance (according to which “the historical period” of Modern Time is separated), but temporal structure of being is.
Heorhii Konyskyi Ethics Opinions: Actions and Passions
Authors: Didenko Larysa
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyse and synthesise the ethical views of the Kyiv-Mohyla scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in order to create a holistic view of ethics as a practical science through the study of such phenomena-terms as "behaviour", "human action", "rules of conduct", "customs", "skills", "good", "happiness", "justice", and "passions". The author identifies the general specificity of the ethical views that dominated the philosophical courses of the professors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy; analyses the ethical reflections of Heorhii Konyskyi; demarcates between the types of good, justice and happiness; and explores the essence of the psychological state of a person acting under the influence of passions.
Considering the Issue of the Ukrainian Modern: Concept of Early Enlightenment
Authors: Yosypenko Sergii
Published: December 2023

The subject of the article is the concept of "Early Enlightenment", its genealogy and functioning in modern studies of the history of Ukrainian philosophy. On the basis of this analysis, the problems and possible applications of this concept to the study of early modern Ukrainian philosophy are clarified. In the author's opinion, it is the "linearity" or "non-linearity" of the view of the early modern era that determines the current understanding of the phenomenon of "early enlightenment". A characteristic feature of the Enlightenment as an era of European history and as a separate ideology or project is the transformation of the ideas of "enlightenment", which in other periods coexist with other ideologies or projects, into the defining ones for this era. The author concludes that the central problem for understanding the phenomenon of Ukrainian Modernity in the chosen perspective is the role of religion in human life and the modern state.
Russian Identification. “Lyubomudrie” instead of Philosophy
Authors: Nemchynov Igor
Published: December 2023

The author of the article aims to prove the thesis that it was the " lyubomudry" who were the first to formulate the Russia-Europe opposition at the categorical, historiosophical level, which is still fundamental to understanding Russian identification. The author notes that the desire to separate from the European past is turning into a clear trend, the reasons for which lie not only in the realm of ideology (we are not Europe, so there can be no parallels), but also in the realm of mass consciousness, brought up on the legendary history of Russia and marked by excessive xenophobia. The «West» is understood as the mythology of the West, and mythologisation is the ground on which the currents of Russian thought unite and is an integral feature of the "Russian idea", i.e. the attempt to civilise Russians. The lyubomudry succeeded in instilling German philosophy in Russian thought.
Enlightenment near the bounds of turning: metamorphosis of the Manlinesss and Feminity
Authors: Kuznetsov Vsevolod
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the Russian Enlightenment on the basis of texts by M. Fedorov and is a continuation of the article "Under the Yoke of Woman: Enlightenment Dialectic of the Power of Nature and Power over Nature". The gender paradoxes of the Enlightenment consciousness are highlighted by analysing M. Turne’s text "Friday, Pacific or limb". The author concludes that the masculine, freed from everything natural, prevails over life, asserting an openly necrophilic ideal camouflaged by the idea of the search for immortality. But there is another way out – the transformation of the enlightenment paradigm, the rejection of the yoke of power, merging with Nature and ascending to the cosmic sex (germination through the triumphant Femininity or Masculinity in accordance with male or female androgyny). Cosmic sex is polysex.