bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change: A Risk Regulation Perspective
Authors: Bergkamp Lucas
Published: February 2017

This mini-symposium of the European Journal of Risk Regulation focuses on the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which was concluded at COP-21 in December 2015. It has been called the ‘world's greatest diplomatic success’ and a ‘historic achievement,’ but also an ‘epic failure’ and even a ‘fraud’ and ‘worthless words.’ Disappointed with the Paris Agreement, a group of eleven climate scientists signed a declaration stating that it suffers from “deadly flaws” and gives “false hope;” they argue that the time for “wishful thinking and blind optimism” is over, and “the full spectrum of geo engineering” should be considered. The broad disagreement over the outcome of COP-21 in Paris (in particular, over its binding effect) illustrates not only the diverging expectations of interest groups, but also the antagonisms that arise in all areas of policy-making between the dogmatic and the pragmatic, the idealistic and the realistic, and the internationalists and nationalists.
Synergetic effects of DNA methylation and histone modification during mouse induced pluripotent stem cell generation
Authors: Wang Guiying , Weng Rong , Lan Yuanyuan , Guo Xudong , Liu Qidong , Liu Xiaoqin , Lu Chenqi , Kang Jiuhong
Published: February 2017

DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K27me3) have been reported as major barriers to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation using four core transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, termed OSKM). Here, to illustrate the possibility of deriving iPSCs via demethylation, as well as the exact effects of DNA methylation and histone modification on gene expression regulation, we performed RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes of ES cells and iPSCs derived by demethylation with miR-29b or shDnmt3a, and carried out integrated analyses. Results showed that OSKM + miR-29b-iPSC was more close to ES cells than the others, and up-regulated genes typically presented with methylated CpG-dense promoters and H3K27me3-enriched regions. The differentially expressed genes caused by introduction of DNA demethylation during somatic cell reprogramming mainly focus on stem cell associated GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways, which may decrease the tumorigenesis risk of iPSCs. These findings indicated that DNA methylation and histone methylation have synergetic effects on regulating gene expression during iPSC generation, and demethylation by miR-29b is better than shDnmt3a for iPSC quality. Furthermore, integrated analyses are superior for exploration of slight differences as missed by individual analysis.
Associative learning with Y-shaped floating gate transistors operated in memristive modes
Authors: Maier P. , Hartmann F. , Emmerling M. , Schneider C. , Kamp M. , Worschech L. , Höfling S.
Published: February 2017

We present Y-shaped three-terminal floating gate transistors with positioned quantum dots (QDs) acting as floating gates. The QDs are precisely positioned in the input terminals and the localized charge controls the conductance of the transistors. Connecting two devices enables one to implement associative learning by tuning the QD-charge with two input signals. The number of pulses to develop or to forget the association depends on the widths and amplitudes of the applied voltage pulses. The Y-shaped geometry of the presented device may be considered to implement synaptic functionalities without separating learning and signal transmission in time.
USE OF CODED MORTALITY DATA TO ASSESS AREA CANCER RATES: IMPACT OF RESIDENCE REPORTING AND CODING ERRORS
Authors: WILLIAMS ALLAN N. , JOHNSON REBECCA A. , BENDER ALAN P.
Published: February 2017

In spite of their limitations, mortality data are used in many epidemiologic and public health settings. In this investigation, the authors examined the extent to which community cancer mortality rates were affected by incorrect reporting or coding of residence on death certificates. Observed and expected cancer mortality for two adjacent communities in northern rural Minnesota for the periods 1970–1974 and 1980–1984 were obtained from computerized state mortality data. Using statewide rates to obtain expected values, standardized mortality ratios for total cancers for both periods combined were 138 for men (101 observed deaths) and 148 for women (86 observed deaths). These excesses were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, after review of data from the actual death certificates, city maps, and information from city officials, 44 of the 187 total cancer deaths (24%) were found to have had an incorrectly reported or coded residence status. After removal of these cases, the standardized mortality ratio for total cancers for males went from 138 to 107, and for females the standardized mortality ratio went from 148 to 111. No standardized mortality ratios remained statistically significant These findings may have implications for those who use mortality data for assessing cancer rates in communities in rural areas.
Enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents in Rastin Banking – part I
Authors: Bidabad Bijan , Abdollahi Saeid , Sherafati Mahshid
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to facilitate and accelerate the enforcement of binding banking documents and to decrease the enforcement burden of the registration offices, courts and judicial authorities and to transfer it to the banks.

Design/methodology/approach

A new mechanism for “enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents in Rastin Banking” is proposed. In the proposed regulations, a part of the executive path for enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents is transferred into a newly established unit located in every bank. The method considers all financial, legal and executive issues.

Findings

Promotion of practical justice is a main factor to promote social and economic circumstances; the proposed model can prepare a way to improve the social and economic well-being.

Research limitations/implications

Codifying the law and regulations is a highly sophisticated task, and the art of codification can be examined after scrutinizing and executing the full text of the law.

Practical implications

Though this paper presents the concept, the detailed proposed regulations are presented in two drafts of the bill and bylaw for enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents and handling complaints against executive operations in Rastin Banking.

Social implications

This procedure is a model that can be adapted for other countries, especially those countries that have a large number of legal disputes and the process of dispute settlement is very lengthy and cumbersome.

Originality/value

It fulfils an identified need to solve practical legal problem in vindication of rights that can lead to positive and important effects toward creating public trust in financial obligations and increasing the speed of collecting demands.
The association of neonatal morbidity with long‐term neurological outcome in infants who were growth restricted and preterm at birth: secondary analyses from TRUFFLE (Trial of Randomized Umbilical and Fetal Flow in Europe)
Authors: Van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis AG , Marlow N , Lees C , Wolf H ,   the TRUFFLE investigators
Published: February 2017

Objective

To study the relationship between neonatal morbidity (NNM) and two‐year neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in surviving children after early fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Design

Secondary analysis of a European randomised trial (TRUFFLE) of delivery for very preterm fetuses dependent on venous Doppler or cardiotocographic criteria.

Setting

Tertiary perinatal centres, participants in TRUFFLE.

Population

402 surviving children after early FGR.

Methods

Prospective data were collection from the recognition of FGR until the corrected age of two years. We studied the association between NNM and NDI, retaining trial allocation in all statistical models. NNM included any of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, brain injury, sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis. NDI was a composite of Bayley cognitive score < 85, cerebral palsy or severe sensory impairment.

Main outcome measure

NDI in relation to NNM.

Results

NNM occurred in 104 cases (26%) and was more frequent in 17 of 39 infants with NDI (44%) than in the 87 of 363 infants with normal outcome (24%) [odds ratio 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3–4.8); P = 0.01]. In 22 of 39 NDI cases (56%) there was no preceding NNM. NNM was inversely related to gestational age, but NDI did not vary by gestational age. In multivariable analyses, cerebral ultrasound abnormalities were most strongly associated with NDI, together with trial group allocation, birthweight ratio, infant sex and Apgar score.

Conclusions

With the exception of cerebral ultrasound abnormalities, commonly used NNMs are poor markers of later NDI and should not be used as surrogate outcomes for NDI.

Tweetable abstract

Neonatal morbidities cannot be used as surrogate outcomes for neurodevelopmental impairment.
Naturally Occurring Biventricular Noncompaction in an Adult Domestic Cat
Authors: Kittleson M.D. , Fox P.R. , Basso C. , Thiene G.
Published: February 2017

A definitively diagnosed case of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has not been previously reported in a non‐human species. We describe a Maine Coon cross cat with echocardiographically and pathologically documented LVNC. The cat was from a research colony and was heterozygous for the cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Maine Coon cats (A31P). The cat had had echocardiographic examinations performed every 6 months until 6 years of age at which time the cat died of an unrelated cause. Echocardiographic findings consistent with LVNC (moth‐eaten appearance to the inner wall of the mid‐ to apical region of the left ventricle (LV) in cross section and trabeculations of the inner LV wall that communicated with the LV chamber) first were identified at 2 years of age. At necropsy, pathologic findings of LVNC were verified and included the presence of noncompacted myocardium that consisted of endothelial‐lined trabeculations and sinusoids that constituted more than half of the inner part of the LV wall. The right ventricular (RV) wall also was affected. Histopathology identified myofiber disarray, which is characteristic of HCM, although heart weight was normal and LV wall thickness was not increased.
Welfare States and Labour Market Change: What is the Possible Relation?
Authors: Greve Bent
Published: February 2017

Welfare states in many countries have, at least since the financial crisis, been under strong pressure from high levels of unemployment. We are expecting dramatic changes to labour markets. This article first presents the various arguments as to why there have or have not been substantial changes to labour markets, and whether there might be in the future, including arguments pro and con the possible impact thereof. The article thus provides a review of knowledge within the field, with a focus especially on how this can or might have an impact on welfare states, given the often strong connection between being on the labour market, access to a variety of welfare benefits and the ability to finance welfare states. It uses concepts such as under‐employment and new forms of jobs as indicators of change. These changes implying, more than ever, that having a job does not necessarily entail that a person has a stable and solid income above the poverty level. Lastly, the article discusses whether some welfare states regime types are more prepared than others.
Genome Sequence of the Nonconventional Wine Yeast
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii
UTAD222
Authors: Seixas Isabel , Barbosa Catarina , Salazar Sara B. , Mendes-Faia Arlete , Wang Yu , Güldener Ulrich , Mendes-Ferreira Ana , Mira Nuno P.
Published: February 2017

In this work, we disclose the genome sequence and a corresponding manually curated annotation of the non-
Saccharomyces
yeast
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii
UTAD222, a strain shown to have interesting oenological traits for the production of wines with improved aromatic properties.
The Genome Sequence of an Oxytetracycline-Resistant Isolate of the Fish Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis Harbors a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid
Authors: Bohle Harry , Henríquez Patricio , Grothusen Horst , Navas Esteban , Bustamante Fernando , Bustos Patricio , Mancilla Marcos
Published: February 2017

The amount of antibiotics needed to counteract frequent piscirickettsiosis outbreaks is a major concern for the Chilean salmon industry. Resistance to antibiotics may contribute to this issue. To understand the genetics underlying
Piscirickettsia salmonis
-resistant phenotypes, the genome of AY3800B, an oxytetracycline-resistant isolate bearing a multidrug resistance plasmid, is presented here.
Decreases in maximal oxygen uptake following long-duration spaceflight: Role of convective and diffusive O2 transport mechanisms
Authors: Ade C. J. , Broxterman R. M. , Moore A. D. , Barstow T. J.
Published: February 2017

We have previously predicted that the decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) that accompanies time in microgravity reflects decrements in both convective and diffusive O2 transport to the mitochondria of the contracting myocytes. The aim of this investigation was therefore to quantify the relative changes in convective O2 transport (Q̇o2) and O2 diffusing capacity (Do2) following long-duration spaceflight. In nine astronauts, resting hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), V̇o2max, maximal cardiac output (Q̇Tmax), and differences in arterial and venous O2 contents ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) were obtained retrospectively for International Space Station Increments 19–33 (April 2009–November 2012). Q̇o2 and Do2 were calculated from these variables via integration of Fick’s Principle of Mass Conservation and Fick’s Law of Diffusion. V̇o2max significantly decreased from pre- to postflight (−53.9 ± 45.5%, P = 0.008). The significant decrease in Q̇Tmax (−7.8 ± 9.1%, P = 0.05), despite an unchanged [Hb], resulted in a significantly decreased Q̇o2 (−11.4 ± 10.5%, P = 0.02). Do2 significantly decreased from pre- to postflight by −27.5 ± 24.5% ( P = 0.04), as did the peak [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] (−9.2 ± 7.5%, P = 0.007). With the use of linear regression analysis, changes in V̇o2max were significantly correlated with changes in Do2 ( R2 = 0.47; P = 0.04). These data suggest that spaceflight decreases both convective and diffusive O2 transport. These results have practical implications for future long-duration space missions and highlight the need to resolve the specific mechanisms underlying these spaceflight-induced changes along the O2 transport pathway.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long-duration spaceflight elicited a significant decrease in maximal oxygen uptake. Given the adverse physiological adaptations to microgravity along the O2 transport pathway that have been reported, an integrative approach to the determinants of postflight maximal oxygen uptake is needed. We demonstrate that both convective and diffusive oxygen transport are decreased following ~6 mo International Space Station missions.
Terceirização no setor público: um exemplo do direito subjulgado à gestão
Authors: Silva Vânia Mendes Ramos da , Ribeiro Wesllay Carlos
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo visa analisar a condução da terceirização no setor público federal por meio do estudo do Acórdão TCU 1214-2013- Plenário, evidenciando a relação que se trava entre o Direito e a Administração. O Estado Democrático de Direitos surge como limitação aos poderes do Estado e os preceitos constitucionais como norte da ação política. Entretanto, quando o Estado Democrático se mostra incapaz de regular o Estado, emerge um direito subjugado pela administração, utilizado como instrumento na consecução dos objetivos do modo de produção dominante. Nesse processo, o Estado constitui-se em instrumento do capital no aniquilamento dos direitos fundamentais sociais. A banalização institucionalizada do mal atinge as instituições jurídico-políticas com atribuição de preservar a ordem constitucional, insensíveis aos valores humanísticos e sociais, transformando a violência em algo trivial. A contribuição da pesquisa é convidar as instituições jurídico-políticas a um olhar crítico sobre a própria atuação.
Hobbes and optics
Authors: Rodrigues Neto Guilherme
Published: February 2017

Este artigo faz uma breve apresentação do percurso teórico empreendido por Thomas Hobbes no domí- nio de suas teorias sobre a luz e a percepção visual. Pretende-se mostrar que a sucessão das teorias ópticas elaboradas por Hobbes orienta-se em direção a uma crescente mecanização e articulação dos aspectos “externos” e “internos” que concorrem para a produção da sensação. A doutrina hobbesiana da luz e da visão parece ter sido a única teoria disponível na primeira metade do século xvii que pretendeu formular uma explicação completa e unificada acerca do mecanismo da percepção sensorial, ou de reduzi-lo unicamente aos efeitos do “movimento local”
Book Review: Gita Dharampal Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach, Rachel Dwyer and Jahnavi Phalkey (eds), Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies
Authors: Menon Nivedita
Published: February 2017

Gita Dharampal Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach, Rachel Dwyer and Jahnavi Phalkey (eds), Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, OUP, Delhi, 2015, 326 pp., ₹1195 (Hardcover).
Transient and steady state behaviour of elasto–aerodynamic air foil bearings, considering bump foil compliance and top foil inertia and flexibility: A numerical investigation
Authors: Nielsen Bo B. , Santos Ilmar F.
Published: February 2017

This work gives a theoretical contribution to the problem of modelling air foil bearings considering large sagging effects in the calculation of the non-linear transient and steady state response of a rigid rotor. This paper consists of two parts: the development of a miltiphysics model of the air foil bearing, and a numerical parameter study of a rigid journal supported in an air foil bearing with a partially supported top foil. The mathematical model of the air foil bearing is centred around the finite element models of both the air film and the top foil structure. These finite element models utilise two types of eight-node isoparametric elements. The rotor is modelled as a rigid body without rotational inertia, i.e. as a journal. The bump foil is included via a bilinear version of the simple elastic foundation model. This paper introduces the bilinear simple elastic foundation model, which combined with the top foil structure model, enables a separation of the top foil and the bump foil. A phenomenon associated within areas of the top foil is where the aerodynamic pressure is sub-ambient. The parameter study investigates the performance of three air foil bearings with partially supported top foils and one air foil bearing with a fully supported top foil. The steady state responses of a journal supported by these air foil bearings are investigated for varied rotational speeds and journal unbalances as well as the top foil sagging in the unsupported area. The study reveals that sub-harmonic vibrations associated with a large journal unbalance can be eliminated by a proper design layout of the bump foil, i.e. placement of the unsupported area. The positive effect is attributed to ‘equivalent shallow pockets’ formed by the sagging top foil.
Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Jafari Peyman , Knez Rajna , Franic Tomislav , Atilola Olayinka , Davidovic Nikolina , Bagheri Zahra , Lakic Aneta
Published: February 2017

In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for cross-cultural measurement invariance of assessment scales for child and adolescent psychopathology as an indicator of cross-cultural validity. A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Cross-cultural measurement invariance data was available for 26 scales. Based on the aggregation of the evidence from the studies under review, none of the evaluated scales have strong evidence for cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparison. A few of the studies showed a moderate level of measurement invariance for some scales (such as the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale), which may make them suitable in cross-cultural comparative studies. The remainder of the scales either showed weak or outright lack of measurement invariance. This review showed only limited testing for measurement invariance across cultural groups of scales for pediatric psychopathology, with evidence of cross-cultural validity for only a few scales. This study also revealed a need to improve practices of statistical analysis reporting in testing measurement invariance. Implications for future research are discussed.
Asset-based and citizen-led development: Using a diffracted power lens to analyze the possibilities and challenges
Authors: Mathie Alison , Cameron Jenny , Gibson Katherine
Published: February 2017

Asset-based community development or Asset-based and citizen-led development (ABCD) is being used in a range of development contexts. Some researchers have been quick to dismiss ABCD as part of the neoliberal project and an approach that perpetuates unequal power relations. This article uses a diffracted power analysis to explore the possibilities associated with ABCD as well as the challenges. It focuses on the application of ABCD in the Philippines, Ethiopia and South Africa, and finds that ABCD can reverse internalized powerlessness, strengthen opportunities for collective endeavours and help to build local capacity for action.
Pemetaan batimetri sebagai informasi dasar untuk penempatan fish apartment di perairan Bangsring, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur (Bathymetry mapping as basic information for fish apartment placement in Bangsring waters, Banyuwangi, East Java)
Authors: Fuad M. Arif Zainul , Sambah Abu Bakar , Isdianto Andik , Andira Awalrush
Published: February 2017

The objective of the present research was to map the bathymetry of the Bangsring coastal area, Banyuwangi. Depth data obtained are used to consider the suitable location for fish apartment placement. The depth of the water was measured using a single beam echosounder with a frequency of 50 Hz. The data obtained by sounding process corrected by Tidal data. The tidal data measured during sampling with the observation interval of 30 minutes. The tidal correction was performed to get the depth value relative to lowest Water Surface (LWS). The results showed the depth of the Bangsring coastal area ranged from 2-49 meters. The deepest region is in the southeast of the research area. Based on the depth of the waters, the locations that can be an alternative placement of fish apartment is located by distance of 200- 250 meters in front of Bangsring coastal area with total area  approximately 30 HaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kedalaman perairan Bangsring, Banyuwangi. Data kedalaman yang didapat dari pemeruman selanjutnya digunakan sebagai pertimbangan untuk mencari alternatif lokasi penempatan fish apartment. Kedalaman perairan di ukur menggunakan Single Beam Echosounder dengan frekuensi 50 Hz. Pemeruman dilakukan selama 2 hari yaitu pada tanggal 17 dan 18 Maret 2016 dengan metode zig zag . Hasil pengukuran kedalaman selanjutnya di koreksi terhadap pasang surut. Pasang surut diukur selama pelaksanaan pemeruman dengan interval pengamatan 30 menit. Koreksi pasang surut dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai kedalaman relatif terhadap Lowest Water Surface (LWS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedalaman Perairan Bangsring Berkisar antara 2-49 meter. Wilayah terdalam berada dibagian tenggara area penelitian. Berdasarkan kedalaman perairan tersebut, maka lokasi Perairan di Bangsring yang dapat dijadikan alternatif penempatan fish apartment adalah di perairan depan pantai bagian timur dengan jarak sejauh 200-250 meter dari garis pantai Bangsring dengan luas 30 Ha
PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E FRAÇÕES PROTEICAS DO LEITE DE CABRA
Authors: Silva Grazielly De Jesus , Gonçalves Ben-Hur Ramos Ferreira , Conceição Daniele Gomes , Pontes Silvania Farias Oliveira , Ferrão Sibelli Passini Barbosa
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se realizar um estudo sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos e frações proteicas do leite de cabra. A principal característica da gordura desse leite é o alto teor de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e média, que tem pelo menos duas vezes mais ácidos graxos C4-C10 do que o leite de vaca. Esses ácidos graxos possuem metabolismo diferente dos ácidos graxos de cadeia longa. As proteínas do leite de cabra são constituídas em média de 71% de caseínas, 22% de proteínas do soro (proteínas solúveis) e 7% de nitrogênio não proteico. Em comparação com o leite de vaca, o leite de cabra contém menos caseínas, mais proteínas séricas e mais nitrogênio não proteico. A identificação dos componentes do leite de cabra e a caracterização de suas propriedades poderão servir como ponto inicial para elaboração e implantação de programas para melhoria da qualidade do leite de cabra e seus derivados.
QUALIDADE DO LEITE CRU REFRIGERADO GRANELIZADO COLETADO NO SUDOESTE GOIANO
Authors: De França Arthur Inácio Medeiros , Da Silva Marco Antônio Pereira , Barros Julliane Carvalho , Da Silva Marcos Roberto , Neves Rodrigo Balduíno Soares , Do Nascimento Luiz Eduardo Costa , Nicolau Edmar Soares
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do leite em diferentes sistemas de produção, oriundos de produtores individuais e coletivos, da região de Rio Verde – GO. Foram coletadas amostras de leite cru refrigerado, armazenadas em tanques de expansão de propriedades rurais e tanques isotérmicos da região do sudoeste goiano. As amostras foram analisadas eletronicamente quanto a CCS (Contagem de Células Somáticas), composição centesimal e a CBT (Contagem Bacteriana Total). Foram realizadas 51 coletas de amostras de leite em tanques da propriedade rural, sendo 12 coletas de ordenha mecânica e 39 de ordenha manual; 13 em tanques de produtores coletivos e 38 de tanques individuais. Também foram coletadas 52 amostras de leite cru refrigerado (coleta 1), 15 amostras de leite granelizado que foram coletadas após o término da rota nas propriedades rurais (coleta 2) e 15 amostras de leite granelizado que foram coletadas após a chegada ao estabelecimento processador (coleta 3). Os resultados foram analisados, estatisticamente, pelo programa SISVAR por meio do teste de Tukey, ao nível de 5% de significância. Em relação à composição centesimal, apenas o teor de gordura do leite cru refrigerado transportado a granel diferiu, significativamente, entre as coletas. Essa variação pode ter ocorrido devido ao procedimento de coleta das amostras, por uma possível falta de padrão da realização das mesmas. Os demais resultados não apresentaram diferença estatística, ao nível de 5% de significância, de acordo com o teste utilizado. As condições de granelização inadequadas do leite na fonte de produção influenciaram a qualidade microbiológica do leite, pois muitas amostras analisadas apresentaram contagens de CBT acima do permitido, de acordo com a legislação vigente. O leite ordenhado mecanicamente e oriundo de produtores individuais apresentaram CCS acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Medidas higiênico-sanitárias tomadas com mais critério são necessárias para que as características físico-químicas do leite sejam mantidas.
General Relativity
Authors: Stewart Arthur J
Published: February 2017

A poem contemplating general relativity, both as a hard, well-tested theory and as "evidenced" hundreds of thousands of years ago.
Marbles in Motion
Authors: Brown Helen , Meyers Bernice , Schmidt William
Published: February 2017

Elementary students engage with marbles to understand how it move when placed and released at different angles. Students also observe and record information on how the marble behaves on different surfaces.
Notes to Beginning Teachers
Authors: Anderson Hans O
Published: February 2017

Insights, ideas, and suggestions are offered to aid a beginning and novice teacher of science.
Handling of Uncertainties in Attributing Thermoshock in Fibrous Concrete Strength: A Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Elangovan G. , Rajanandhini V.M.
Published: February 2017

Hallmark professionalism in probabilistic analysis is to quantify the uncertainties involved in construction materials subject to intrinsic randomness in its physical and mechanical properties and is now gaining popularity in civil engineering arena. As well, knowledge of behaviour of materials is continuously evolving and its statistical descriptors are also changing when more and more data collected or even data updated and hence reliability analysis has to be carried out with the updated data as a continuous process. As per the committee report ACI 544.2R, it is found that there is no attempt made for probabilistic relation between cube compressive strength and cylinder compressive strength for fiber reinforced concrete. In consequence of this report, a robust relation between cube and cylinder of experimentally conducted compressive strength was established by Monte-Carlo simulation technique for different types of fibrous concrete like steel, alkali resistant glass and polyester fibrous concrete before and after thermoshock considering various uncertainties. Nevertheless simulated probabilistic modals, characteristic modals, optimized factor of safety and allowable designed cylinder compressive strength have been developed from the drawn probability of failure graph, which exhibits robust performance in realistic Civil Engineering materials and structures.
Major Constructional Dispute Causes in Turkey
Authors: Yildizel S.A. , Dogan E. , Kaplan G. , Ergut A.
Published: February 2017

The possibility of construction disputes can be reduced, but they cannot be avoided due to the uncertain and risky nature of the building industry. Conflicts between construction parties often have very unfavourable effects, such as cost increases, poor construction quality and time extension in the schedule. Lots of studies have been carried out in order to try and avoid these disagreements. However, there are no common resolution tools or techniques due to the improving conditions and scope of contracted works. Advanced methods and dispute reasons should be fully monitored and updated for the applicable solutions. This paper discusses the current major constructional dispute reasons in Turkey. The questionnaire method was applied within the scope of this study. The questionnaire documents were randomly distributed to 80 contractors to analyse major dispute reasons in Turkey. Analysis of the questionnaire results indicates that the major current dispute causes are poor quality of performed works, delays in progress payments, inefficient site management, poorly written contracts and design mistakes.
Mental Toughness in Talented Youth Tennis Players: A Comparison Between on-Court Observations and a Self-Reported Measure
Authors: Houwer Ruben , Kramer Tamara , Hartigh Ruud den , Kolman Nikki , Elferink-Gemser Marije , Huijgen Barbara
Published: February 2017

In tennis, mental toughness is often considered highly important in achieving the elite level. The current study is the first to examine behavioural expressions of mental toughness on the court and their relationships with self-reported measures. Based on the input of five experienced tennis coaches of junior tennis players and behaviours used in previous studies, we developed a taxonomy consisting of six positive behaviours and ten negative ones. To investigate the relationship between these on-court behaviours of mental toughness and how the players rated their own mental toughness, emotional control in particular, six talented tennis players (aged 10-13) were recorded during tennis matches and filled out the self-reported measure of mental toughness (MTQ48). The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the taxonomy was high. With regard to the relationships between on-court behaviours and self-reported mental toughness (total score and subscale emotional control), results revealed no significant correlations between the ratios of positive and negative behaviours (range r = -0.49 - 0.11, p > 0.05) or between the variability of negative behaviours (r = 0.54 & r = 0.10, p > 0.05) and the self-reported measure. However, interestingly, we found negative correlations between the variability of positive behaviours and self-reported mental toughness (r = -0.93 & r = -0.84, ρ < 0.05). These results indicate that variability in on-court behaviours provides interesting information about tennis players’ mental toughness, more specifically on the (in)stability of their psychological state during a match.
La otra Nueva España de Andrés Henestrosa: reflexiones de un amigo de los republicanos
Authors: López Forjas Manuel
Published: February 2017

En este trabajo se pretende rescatar las memorias y reflexiones sobre la España republicana del escritor oaxaqueño Andrés Henestrosa, quien llegó a sumar 102 años de vida hasta el año de 2008 –cuando falleció. Para ofrecer un panorama que sirva a su vez de introducción a su obra ensayística, se presenta en primer lugar un comentario general sobre el debate que se presentó en México en los años posrevolucionarios sobre las posturas hispanistas en el mundo intelectual y literario; tratando de situar a Henestrosa dentro de ese contexto. En la segunda parte de esta exposición, se verá cómo el escritor oaxaqueño –reivindicando la raíz mestiza como la más influyente en la configuración del México contemporáneo– ofreció una explicación distinta donde intentó rescatar las raíces históricas del pueblo mexicano, poniéndolas en relación con el aporte de los españoles republicanos que conoció.
A 17-Year-Old With Chest Pain
Authors: Shah Ankoor Y. , Jamison Megan , Otero Hansel J. , Jung Lawrence , Frank Lowell H. , Guerrera Michael F. , Kirkorian A. Yasmine
Published: February 2017

A 17-year-old male subject with a history of deep venous thrombosis presented with acute unilateral severe chest pain. His examination was nonspecific, and vital signs were normal. His initial laboratory evaluation revealed mild thrombocytopenia, elevated troponin levels, and critically elevated activated partial thromboplastin time. A computed tomography angiogram of the chest revealed a pulmonary embolus, and anticoagulation therapy was initiated. His course was complicated by the development of multiple thrombi and respiratory failure. Extensive evaluation revealed a rare, underlying diagnosis in time for life-saving treatment to be initiated.
Molecular Design of Organically-Modified ‘Smart’ Sol-Gel Materials
Authors: Rao Mukti S. , Dave Bakul C.
Published: February 2017

The design, synthesis and stimuli-responsive behavior of organically-modified silicates (ORMOSILS) is reported. The ORMOSILS behave as ‘smart’ materials by undergoing structural changes at the molecular level to respond to changes in environmental variables. Typical responses in the form of swelling/shrinkage with respect to changes in temperature, pH, and salt concentrations are presented. Finally, the nature of predominant mechanism responsible for the sol-gel's behavior towards combined stimuli of high temperature and low pH is discussed.
Time Dependence of the Segregation of Diffusing Solute in Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Belova Irina V , Murch Graeme E
Published: February 2017

At long times the effective solute diffusivity can be described by the (modified) Hart-Mortlock and Maxwell-Garnett equations for diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the grain boundary respectively. In this paper we analyze for the first time the time dependence of the effective solute diffusivity for these conditions. We assume that there are local regions (delineated by the diffusion length) in the grains adjacent to the grain boundary where the solute is equilibrated with the grain boundary. We write equations for the effective solute diffusivity with this assumption. Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations shows that this is quite a reasonable approximation for solute diffusion parallel to the grain boundary. For diffusion perpendicular to the grain boundary it is only a fair approximation unless the segregation is weak.
Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Microdiffraction from Deformed Crystals
Authors: Barabash R.I. , Ice G.E. , Walker F.J.
Published: February 2017

Brilliant synchrotron microprobes offer new opportunities for the analysis of stress/strain and deformation distributions in crystalline materials. Polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction is emerging as a particularly important tool because it allows for local crystal-structure measurements in highly deformed or polycrystalline materials where sample rotations complicate alternative methods; a complete Laue pattern is generated in each volume element intercepted by the probe beam. Although a straightforward approach to the measurement of stress/strain fields through white-beam Laue microdiffraction has been demonstrated, a comparable method for determining the plastic-deformation tensor has not been established. Here we report on modeling efforts that can guide automated fitting of plastic-deformation-tensor distributions in three dimensions.
Multiscale Modeling of Point Defects and Free Surfaces in Semi-infinite Solids
Authors: Tewary V.K.
Published: February 2017

A Green's function method is described for multiscale modeling of point defects such as vacancies and interstitials at the atomistic level and extended defects such as free surfaces and interfaces at the macroscopic continuum level in a solid. The point defects are represented in terms of Kanzaki forces using the lattice-statics Green's function, which can model a large crystallite containing a million atoms without excessive CPU effort. The lattice-statics Green's function reduces to the continuum Green's function in the asymptotic limit which is used to model the extended defects by imposing continuum- model boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented for the displacement field on the free surface due to a vacancy in semi-infinite fcc copper.
Caracterização das atividades de enfermagem em saúde coletiva desenvolvidas na regional norte de saúde do Distrito Federal
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Santos Erlita Rodrigues dos
Published: February 2017

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem em saúde coletiva na Regional Norte de Saúde do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se um questionário com a descrição das diversas atividades cotidianas da assistência a 29 enfermeiras, 91 auxiliares de enfermagem e 42 agentes de saúde. Para a melhor compreensão de como as atividades são desenvolvidas realizou-se grupos focais com cada uma das categorias profissionais. Os resultados mostram que todos elementos da equipe empregam grandes esforços para organizar, controlar e atender a demanda espontânea e ainda executar as atividades de auxilio às ações médicas, consequentemente priorizam o atendimento individual em detrimento do coletivo.
O doente mental e a instituição psiquiátrica: a voz do silenciado
Authors: Telles Eleny Alves de Britto
Published: February 2017

Uma observação mais sistematizada do comportamento humano diante da loucura, levou-me a questionamentos acerca do que os indivíduos vistos como loucos têm a dizer sobre a sua própria dinâmica de vida. Delimitei como objeto de estudo o conceito de loucura, segundo a percepção de indivíduos vistos como loucos, objetivando descrever a fala do indivíduo visto como louco em relação à loucura e analisar a percepção destes indivíduos, em relação ao processo psiquiátrico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos através de entrevista semi-estruturada, demonstram: que a grande maioria dos entrevistados não se considera louco; a prevalência de uma abordagem da loucura pelo lado da estereotipia, da agressividade, da mendicância e da ausência da razão; e que embora considerassem apresentar alguma alteração, não reconheciam em si mesmos a loucura.
Os direitos do cliente como uma questão ética
Authors: Soares Narciso Vieira , Lunardi Valéria Lerch
Published: February 2017

As autoras fazem uma reflexão sobre os impasses da pesquisa em enfermagem e sua relação com a prática, fundamentada na "filosofia de praxis'. Inicialmente, discutem a relação entre teoria e prática numa perspectiva filosófica. Fazem uma revisão sintética do conhecimento em enfermagem, neste século e finalizam apresentando a dialética das interações como uma possibilidade de avançar para além dos territórios onde se detém a dialética do trabalho. Para as autoras, áreas do conhecimento tão complexas como as relacionadas ao processo saúde/doença/cuidado não podem ser inteiramente recobertas pelas ciências formais ou somente pelas ciências biológicas e sociais; um projeto epistemológico consistente não pode desconsiderar uma terceira região da dialética da razão, a dialética das representações.
Classificação dos pesquisadores/consultores da área de enfermagem no CNPq: contribuição para um banco de dados
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Leite Joséte Luzia , Santos Regina Maria dos , Trevizan Maria auxiliadora
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de análise das temáticas e sub-áreas de conhecimento nas quais pesquisadores de enfermagem do CNPq estão incluídos, tomando por base os projetos julgados no período 2002/ 2003. Os objetivos foram apresentar a distribuição dos pesquisadores de acordo com a atual classificação da área de Enfermagem adotada pelo CNPq e discutir a representatividade dos pesquisadores por sub-área de conhecimento. Os resultados evidenciaram as sub-áreas predominantes de pesquisa da categoria: fundamentos dos processos de cuidar, seguido da área de assistência em enfermagem do adulto. Revela ainda a concentração dos pesquisadores e aponta para necessidade de estabelecimento de estratégias de inclusão e de incentivo à demanda por financiamento à pesquisa por eles desenvolvida. Ressalta, por fim, a importância de atualização das sub-áreas em consonância com o fortalecimento da produção científica.
Pesquisa em enfermagem à luz da complexidade de Edgar Morin
Authors: Santos Silvana Sidney Costa
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar a Complexidade, mostrando sua importância na pesquisa em enfermagem. Trata-se de uma reflexão em duas partes: os princípios da Complexidade, de Edgar Morin; a pesquisa em enfermagem a partir da Complexidade. Considerando a complexidade que envolve os objetos de estudo da enfermagem, torna-se desejável escolher um caminho metodológico mais apropriado a sua apreensão, ou seja optar por um método que apresente maior possibilidade de retratar esta realidade. E entendendo o método como caminho da investigação acoplado a/e originário da teoria e não amarra do fazer científico, a Complexidade, de Edgar Morin, quando utilizado como escolha teórica termina sendo um guia para o caminho metodológico.
Violência sexual contra criança no meio intrafamiliar atendidos no SAMVVIS, Teresina, PI
Authors: Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Souza , Teles Delma Castelo Branco Soares , Castro Karoline Lopes , Vasconcelos Nayane Sieglyne Veras de , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito , Deus Maria Castelo Branco Rocha de
Published: February 2017

O estudo se trata da caracterização da violência sexual em crianças atendidas no Serviço de Atendimento às Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Sexual (SAMVVIS) no período de 2004 a 2007, em Teresina, PI. Dados levantados em 229 registros indicam que a idade das crianças vai de menores de 1 ano até os 12 anos. A identificação do agressor apresenta o vizinho (29,7%), padrasto (11,4%), pai (9,4%) e tio com 8,4%. Com relação à ocupação do agressor, 20,35% são estudantes, desempregados (26,85%) e aposentados (3,89%). Conclui-se da necessidade de mais efetividade na política de proteção à criança, assim como de campanhas de alerta às mães quando da escolha do guardador de suas filhas.
Hábitos alimentares de adolescentes de escolas públicas de Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
Authors: Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da , Damasceno Marta Maria Coelho , Marinho Niciane Bandeira Pessoa , Almeida Lívia Silva de , Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura de , Almeida Paulo César , Almeida Isabela Saraiva de
Published: February 2017

A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer os hábitos alimentares de adolescentes de escolas públicas de Fortaleza-CE. Entrevistou-se 720 alunos entre 14 a 19 anos, de doze estabelecimentos de ensino, por meio de um formulário estruturado. Dos alimentos consumidos, habitualmente, destacaram-se, os energéticos, arroz e pão, consumidos por 95,8% e 85,2% dos adolescentes, respectivamente (p=0,0001). Dentre os alimentos construtores as carnes e o feijão são ingeridos por 60,6% e 75,0%, respectivamente (p=0,0001). Os alimentos reguladores como frutas e hortaliças/folhosos não têm consumo habitual entre os adolescentes, já que apenas (34,3%) e (47,6%), respectivamente, os consomem (p=0,0001 e p=0,226). Constatou-se um desequilíbrio na ingestão dos nutrientes adequados para a adolescência, favorecendo o sobrepeso e, conseqüentemente, as doenças crônicas como o diabetes mellitus.
Tecnologia de enfermagem na prevenção da úlcera por pressão em pessoas com lesão medular
Authors: Studart Rita Mônica Borges , Melo Elizabeth Mesquita , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Barbosa Islene Victor , Carvalho Zuila Maria de Figueiredo
Published: February 2017

Estudo transversal do tipo exploratório descritivo realizado em um hospital público referência em trauma no período de maio a outubro de 2008. Objetivou-se avaliar a tecnologia de enfermagem utilizando a Escala de Waterlow para prevenir a úlcera por pressão em pessoas com lesão medular. Foram avaliadas 60 pessoas com lesão medular utilizando-se a Escala de Waterlow, das quais 75% apresentaram escore final de 28 pontos, com altíssimo risco para desenvolver úlcera por pressão. Após dez dias de internação, 48,3% dos pacientes ainda não haviam recebido orientações preventivas, dos quais 68,3% já apresentavam úlcera por pressão. A utilização da Escala de Waterlow permite a monitorização da assistência, sendo capaz de influenciar nos resultados clínicos.
O ambiente da investigação em enfermagem: um relato de experiência
Authors: Novais Nauana Nascimento , Silva Luzia Wilma Santana da
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de relato de experiência, de abordagem crítico-reflexivo, e cunho descritivo-compreensivo, sobre a vivência de ser bolsista PIBIC/CNPq da pesquisa multicêntrica "A Dinâmica da família de idosos mais idosos: o convívio e cuidados na quarta idade", no contexto de Jequié-BA, durante o período de vigência da bolsa (Agosto/2008 a Julho/2009). O objetivo é relatar a experiência como bolsista, a fim de estimular outros graduandos a enveredarem pelos caminhos da pesquisa. Os sujeitos dessa pesquisa são o par formado de familiar cuidador principal do idoso de 80 anos e mais de idade e o próprio idoso cuidado. A experiência possibilitou ampliar a visão de mundo, enlaçando contextos, complexidade e intersubjetividade do universo da investigação.