bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The possibility of improving meat quality by using peas and faba beans in feed for broiler chickens
Authors: Proskina Liga , Cerina Sallija , Valdovska Anda , Pilvere Irina , Alekneviciene Vilija
Published: January 2021

The price-to-quality ratio of broiler chicken meat is one of the reasons why consumers use these products in their daily diet. The quality of poultry products such as meat is closely associated with the nutritional value and quality of feed fed to broilers. In composing broiler diets, the main focus is turned on crude protein (CP). Because of the trend for the poultry industry to reduce its dependence on soybean meal as a source of protein, the role of pulses in the supply of protein and energy, which could partly replace the soybean meal in poultry diets, increases. Due to considerable progress in plant breeding, the present research study used peas (Pisum sativum) of the var. ‘Bruno’ and var. ‘Pinochio’ as well as faba beans (Vicia faba minora) of the var. ‘Lielplatone’ was developed in Latvia. Higher protein diets induce a higher meat protein content, accordingly, feed proteins are hydrolyzed in the digestive system into amino acids (AA) that, after absorption, are used to form proteins and to build different body tissues. The most important AA was twofold lower in peas and faba beans than in soybean meal. Although the amount of AA in feed is not directly proportional to the content of AA in broiler chicken meat, the amount of AA in poultry feed can significantly affect an important meat quality criterion for consumers – the nutritional value of protein. Therefore, the research aimed to identify changes in AA composition and chemical composition – a qualitative property of poultry meat – as a result of adding pulses (peas and beans) to poultry diets. The research results showed that the diets with an addition of faba beans and peas had a positive effect on the level of essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in broiler meat, decreased cholesterol concentration in meat, and increased energy value of meat.
Formulário de Avaliação (136-137)
Authors: Klein Luciana
Published: January 2021

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Folha de Rosto e Segunda Capa (1-3)
Authors: Klein Luciana
Published: January 2021

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Plattelandscriminologie
Authors: Spapens Toine
Published: January 2021

Rural criminology

Criminology has traditionally focused on urban areas where crime visibly concentrates. However, since the 1990s, attention for ‘rural criminology’ has steadily increased. First, rural areas are confronted with partly different and less visible crime problems, such as environmental crimes. Second, public actors such as enforcement and other agencies are less present and ‘available’ in rural areas, and people on average trust the government less to provide support when necessary. This chronicle presents an overview of international and Dutch research in the context of rural criminology. The paper addresses cultural differences between urban and rural areas, high-volume crimes, gender-related violence, alcohol and drug abuse, environmental crime, and enforcement in rural areas.
Preliminary results on the preparation of carbon nanotubes using arc discharge in water medium
Authors: R Ulambayar , B Dawaabal , G Oyun-Erdene , Temuujin J
Published: January 2021

Depending on the application, carbon nanotubes are being intensively studied in physics, chemistry, medicine, and computers. Therefore, it is important to develop large-scale high-quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes production at low cost. Wehere conducted a study on the easy preparation of low-cost carbon nanotubes. Two graphite electrodes were placed vertically in a thick, clear plastic container with distilled water to produce a carbon nanotube with an alternating current arc. The device has a simple design and the water acts as an insulating medium and cools the system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrum (FTIR) analysis of the obtained carbon soot was performed in comparison with technical multi-walled carbon nanotubes. These tests confirmed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were formed during the experiment.

Нуман цахилалтын аргаар усан орчинд нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой гарган авах урьдчилсан судалгаа

Хураангуй: Нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг хэрэглээнээс хамаарч физик, хими, анагаах ухаан, компьютер гэх зэрэг салбаруудад эрчимтэй судлаж байна. Иймээс ч өндөр чанартай олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг бага зардлаар их хэмжээтэй, гарган авах арга техникийг хөгжүүлэх нь нэн чухал юм. Бид бага зардлаар нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг хялбараар гарган авах судалгааг явууллаа. Нэрмэл ус бүхий зузаан тунгалаг хуванцар саванд бал чулуун хоёр электродыг босоо хэлбэртэй байрлуулан хооронд нь хувьсах гүйдлийн нуман цахилалт цахилуулан нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг гарган авсан. Энэхүү төхөөрөмж нь энгийн хялбар хийцтэй бөгөөд ус нь тусгаарлагч орчин болж, системийг хөргөдөг. Гарган авсан нүүрстөрөгчийн хөөнд рентген дифракцийн (XRD) болон нил улаан туяаны спектрийн (FTIR) шинжилгээг техникийн олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойтой харьцуулан хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Эдгээр шинжилгээгээр олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой туршилтын явцад үүссэн болохыг баталлаа.

Түлхүүр үг: Нуман цахилалт, нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой, графен, графит (бал чулуу)
Looking Back as an Antidote for the Fear of the Turn of the Centuries. „Kurier Warszawski” and its „Contest of the Century”
Authors: Przybysz Iwona
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the construction of the narration about the end of 19th and the beginning
of the 20th century in the daily newspaper „Kurier Warszawski”. Its crucial manifestation was the
„contest of the century”, a questionnaire addressed to representatives of the world of science and
the arts evaluating the most important Polish scientifi c and artistic achievements of 19th century.
A key assumption of the narration thus shaped was the recapitulation and appreciation of the past
and the idea of a long passing of the history. Such an idea served as an answer to the catastrophic
atmosphere and the fear of the unknown.
The study of selected properties of black poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) subjected to furfurylation and polymerization in lumen
Authors: Gliszczyński Tomasz , Antczak Andrzej
Published: January 2021

The study of selected properties of black poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) subjected to furfurylation and polymerization in lumen. The aim of this work was studying black poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) selected properties modified with furfuryl alcohol and styrene. Maleic anhydride and glicydyl methacrylate were used as cross-linking agents. For modified wood samples the index of WPG, density, hardness, water absorbability, colour change and volume swelling were tested. Each test results were compared with values for unmodified black poplar wood. During furfurylation process density of poplar wood samples increased up to 1.3 times. Addition of maleic anhydride to furfurylation process caused increase of WPG index about 5-6 % and at the same time slightly decrease of wood Brinell hardness. Water absorbability and volume swelling of furfurylated poplar wood after 10080 min (168 h) of soaking in water were reduced more than 50% relative to unmodified wood. Polymerization in lumen with using styrene caused increase of density up to 2 times, increase of Brinell hardness up to 1.5 times, while WPG index was in the range from 50.8 to 116.6%. For polymerization in lumen process, water absorbability and volume swelling after 10080 min (168 h) of soaking in water were reduced more than half as well. Furfurylation caused intensive wood darkening when polymerization in lumen changed wood colour slightly. Addition of maleic anhydride to furfuryl alcohol caused an even greater darkening of the wood. The studies proved, that chemical modification significantly improved selected properties of poplar wood.
Assessing surface fatigue crack growth
in railway wheelset axle
Authors: Rudavskyi D.V. , Kaniuk Yu.I. , Duriagina Z.A. , Kulyk V.V. , Shefer M.S. , Dolinska I.Ya.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of the proposed research is to create a calculation model of surface
fatigue crack growth at the axle of railway wheelset working under operational loads.
Design/methodology/approach: The energy approach of the fracture mechanics was
used to formulate the calculation model of fatigue crack propagation at the wheelset axle
surface. The method of least squares was used to determine the investigated material
mechanical constants that the kinetic equations of the calculation model contain. The
system of differential equations of crack growth kinetics was solved numerically using the
Runge-Kutta method.
Findings: On the basis of the energy approach of the fracture mechanics the calculation
model of fatigue macrocrack growth in three-dimensional elastic-plastic body in case of a
mixed-mode I+II+III macromechanism of fracture has been built. On the basis of the created
calculation model, the kinetics of the growth of fatigue cracks was investigated both in the
middle part of the wheelset axle and in the axle journal.
Research limitations/implications: The results obtained on laboratory specimens
should be tested during a real railway wheelset axle investigation.
Practical implications: The created calculation model can be used in practice to
formulate method of residual lifetime estimation of railway wheelset axle.
Originality/value: It was shown, that surface crack kinetics depends not only on the crack
initial area but also significantly depends on the crack edge geometry and comparatively
small crack-like defects at the wheelset axle surface can reach critical sizes in comparatively
short run. It has been found that mechanical shear stresses caused by the weight of the
loaded railway wagon in the cross section of the wheelset axle journal can significantly
accelerate the growth of the transverse fatigue crack at the axle surface, reducing the period
of crack subcritical growth by about 20%.
CYBERTERRORISM: THE INVISIBLE THREAT
Authors: Sitton Cristobal Fundora
Published: January 2021

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Can local policies on biosimilars optimize the use of freed resources – experiences from Italy
Authors: Godman Brian , Allocati Eleonora , Moorkens Evelien , Kwon Hye-Young
Published: January 2021

There is an increasing need to prescribe biosimilars to fund new medicines and increasing medicine volumes. Bertolani and Jommi document successful measures introduced regionally in Italy.
Arzt- und Krankenhausträgerhaftung bei der Implantation von Medizinprodukten
Authors: Zipfel Valentin
Published: January 2021

In the last years, several scandals concerning defective implanted medical devices have caused a sensation. The focus of the liability cases was mainly on claims by patients against the medical device manufacturers. A possible liability of the attending doctor or the hospital in the case of the implantation of medical devices, however, has been neglected. The aim of the investigation was to close this gap.

In particular, the thesis focuses on the question which rights the patient may have in case of defectiveness of the implanted medical device. This depends to a large extent on the qualification of the contractual relations. In addition, specific problems arising from the interface between medical malpractice liability and medical device law are examined.
Role amerických a francouzských spolupracovníků v mezinárodní strategii redakčního týmu Sociologické revue ve 30. letech
Authors: Montel Christopher
Published: January 2021

Three French sociologists (Bouglé, Duprat and Richard), as well as three sociologists from the United States (Hasek, Rouček and Sorokin), exclusively represented Western sociology in a list of nine foreign collaborators, which featured from 1933 to 1940 on the first page of the Czech periodical Sociologická revue. Duprat and Richard were evidently included in this list at a time when the Masaryk Sociological Society, whose publishing organ was the Sociologická revue, played a significant role in the resumed activities of the International Institute of Sociology. The collaboration of the three “American” sociologists was more participative. It answered the urgent need, according to the revue’s redacting team, to inform readers on the latest developments in the field from America. The names of Bouglé, and above all Sorokin, undoubtedly represented in this list a symbolic advantage for the revue’s redacting team and its international strategy.
National Trauma on a Foreign Stage
Authors: Koski Pirkko
Published: January 2021

This article surveys the performance of the play Departure (Lähtö in Finnish, Minek in Estonian) by Estonian Rein Saluri at the Finnish National Theatre in 1988 during the last few years of the Cold War. The play depicts the deportation of an Estonian family to Siberia in the fall of 1946. The Finnish National Theatre invited Estonian Mati Unt to act as the director. The actors were Finnish, as were the audience, apart from a few individual spectators and during a short visit when Departure was performed in Estonia. The aim is to analyze how a theatre performance connected with an aspect of Estonian traumatic history and national memory was understood and felt by a country with a different historical and contemporary background. The performances of Departure show the ways in which repetition, memory, and re-appearance work and function in the theatre. Departure as theatre had power over history in its ability to reshape the image of the past through physical presence and affection. It increased in Finland the knowledge of and empathy toward Estonia and the presence of Estonian culture before the great political upheavals. However, the Finnish audience constructed the meanings of the play without the interaction between the collective memory, that is, the Finnish “memory” was historical and theatrical. Concerning national collective memory, it was not possible to cross the border.
Theatrical Exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s
Authors: Korsberg Hanna
Published: January 2021

This article explores theatrical exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s as part of the cultural diplomacy of recently independent Finland. The Finnish National Theatre visited the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn in 1931 and in 1937, and the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in 1936. These theatre visits were different in terms of the visiting production. In Stockholm in 1936, and in Tallinn in 1937, the Finnish National Theatre showcased its work, while during the bilateral exchange with the Estonia Theatre in 1931, the main actors of two of the productions visited the other theatre and the audiences saw two hybrid performances of the two productions. Therefore, the visits are discussed in terms of international and transnational exchange.
Is Industry 4.0 a Good Fit for High Performance Work Systems? Trade Unions and Workplace Change in the Southern Ontario Automotive Assembly Sector
Authors: Rutherford Tod D. , Frangi Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

The automotive industry has long been a leader in the introduction of new forms of work organization and technology—including mass production and high performance work systems (HPWS). It has also been a focal point for how trade unions negotiate such systems. Recently, much attention has focused on Industry 4.0 (I 4.0)—a manufacturing system featuring advanced robotics, digitalization and artificial intelligence. However, in the automotive industry, I 4.0 is confronted with considerable technical and social challenges, and I 4.0 paradigms have been criticized for marginalizing the continuing importance of employees in shaping, if not ‘hybridizing,’ such new production processes.

Based on a study of UNIFOR union locals in Canadian automotive assembly plants, we argue that I 4.0 has to be analyzed in terms of the ways unions have influenced the almost universal adoption of HPWS in that sector. We thus investigate the ways unions have impacted HPWS and its implications for their roles in workplace integration of I 4.0. As such, we first argue that, while overlapping, HPWS and I 4.0 represent different managerial strategies. Second, we develop an exploratory analytical framework for use in examining union roles in negotiating HPWS and technology adoption.

Based on this framework, we then analyze 18 interviews we conducted in 2017-2018 with plant managers and key UNIFOR representatives at five southern Ontario assembly plants. The interviews illustrate not only commonalities in adoption of HPWS, but also differing ways in which the union influences the ‘hybridization’ of HPWS. Union practices differ significantly from one plant to another as a function of three variables: 1- firm-plant competitive positions; 2- the union’s overall monopoly face; and 3- internal union local solidarity and narratives around HPWS. Keeping these commonalities and differences in mind, we then consider the challenges that unions are likely to confront as they begin negotiating I 4.0.
‘Smart’ Industrial Relations in the Making? Insights from Analysis of Union Responses to Digitalization in Italy
Authors: Gasparri Stefano , Tassinari Arianna
Published: January 2021

How do unions respond to the emerging threats and opportunities posed by digitalization in the sphere of employment relations? What factors account for the focus and varying effectiveness of their responses? This paper seeks to address these questions in the case of Italy—a theoretically interesting case that combines significant digitalization-related challenges, historically strong industrial relations institutions under increasing pressure, and diverse union confederations.

From the available evidence, we find that Italian union strategies and demands so far have been primarily focused on interventions at the macro and meso levels, with a view to extending traditional forms of protection—especially sectoral collective bargaining agreements—to deal with the disruptive effects of digitalization. This focus has been coupled with some limited innovation in union agendas and discursive repertoires focused on the micro level of intervention, as well as a shift in union preferences toward inclusion of platform workers and self-employed workers in their constituencies. Whilst highlighting the importance of agential factors, we nonetheless find that the focus and effectiveness of union interventions are crucially shaped by prior institutional legacies and distributions of power resources, as well as by the ideological orientation and strategic capabilities of individual unions themselves.

Overall, Italian unions have to date tended to privilege gradual response strategies based on extension and adaptation of existing and established institutions. It remains to be seen whether such adaptive approaches will be sufficient to effectively govern the digital transformation of work or whether more radical institutional experimentation will become necessary. Either way, in order to build smart industrial relations in Italy, unions will have an active role to play.
Lectura y bolsillo
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: January 2021

Las declaraciones del ministro de Economía, Luis de Guindos, a inicios de diciembre (2016) diciendo que rebajará el IVA de la prensa y libros digitales no es la primera vez que sale en los titulares de los medios de comunicación. La bajada del IVA será del 21% actual al 4% pero aún no se ha anunciado la fecha de implementación. La noticia pone de actualidad el mercado del libro digital y, de rebote, la lectura, que serán los ejes del artículo que empiezas a leer.
Carlos Coronado: ''La creación de videojuegos bebe de las experiencias vitales''
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: January 2021

Conversamos con Carlos Coronado, desarrollador de videojuegos, profesor, viajero, amante de la magia, de los libros, de los buenos guiones y de los pequeños momentos del día a día que nunca deja de disfrutar. Con un entusiasmo contagioso, este joven natural de Sabadell nos habla de su experiencia como desarrollador independiente en una industria dinámica, competitiva y en constante transformación.
Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex
Authors: Lehtimäki Jaakko I , Rajakylä Eeva Kaisa , Tojkander Sari , Lappalainen Pekka
Published: January 2021

Contractile actomyosin bundles, stress fibers, govern key cellular processes including migration, adhesion, and mechanosensing. Stress fibers are thus critical for developmental morphogenesis. The most prominent actomyosin bundles, ventral stress fibers, are generated through coalescence of pre-existing stress fiber precursors. However, whether stress fibers can assemble through other mechanisms has remained elusive. We report that stress fibers can also form without requirement of pre-existing actomyosin bundles. These structures, which we named cortical stress fibers, are embedded in the cell cortex and assemble preferentially underneath the nucleus. In this process, non-muscle myosin II pulses orchestrate the reorganization of cortical actin meshwork into regular bundles, which promote reinforcement of nascent focal adhesions, and subsequent stabilization of the cortical stress fibers. These results identify a new mechanism by which stress fibers can be generated de novo from the actin cortex and establish role for stochastic myosin pulses in the assembly of functional actomyosin bundles.
An integrative model of cardiometabolic traits identifies two types of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Frishberg Amit , van den Munckhof Inge , ter Horst Rob , Schraa Kiki , Joosten Leo AB , Rutten Joost HW , Iancu Adrian C , Dregoesc Ioana M , Tigu Bogdan A , Netea Mihai G , Riksen Niels P , Gat-Viks Irit
Published: January 2021

Human diseases arise in a complex ecosystem composed of disease mechanisms and the whole-body state. However, the precise nature of the whole-body state and its relations with disease remain obscure. Here we map similarities among clinical parameters in normal physiological settings, including a large collection of metabolic, hemodynamic, and immune parameters, and then use the mapping to dissect phenotypic states. We find that the whole-body state is faithfully represented by a quantitative two-dimensional model. One component of the whole-body state represents ‘metabolic syndrome’ (MetS) – a conventional way to determine the cardiometabolic state. The second component is decoupled from the classical MetS, suggesting a novel ‘non-classical MetS’ that is characterized by dozens of parameters, including dysregulated lipoprotein parameters (e.g. low free cholesterol in small high-density lipoproteins) and attenuated cytokine responses of immune cells to ex vivo stimulations. Both components are associated with disease, but differ in their particular associations, thus opening new avenues for improved personalized diagnosis and treatment. These results provide a practical paradigm to describe whole-body states and to dissect complex disease within the ecosystem of the human body.
A new era for research into aging
Authors: Kaeberlein Matt , Tyler Jessica K
Published: January 2021

eLife is publishing a special issue on aging, geroscience and longevity to mark the rapid progress made in this field over the past decade, both in terms of mechanistic understanding and translational approaches that are poised to have clinical impact on age-related diseases.
A move in the light direction
Authors: Wülfers Eike M , Schneider-Warme Franziska
Published: January 2021

Computer simulations show how low-intensity illumination can be used to terminate cardiac arrhythmias.
Effects of dietary fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seed powder supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, small intestinal morphology, and carcass traits of broilers
Authors: Liu Huihui , Li Jinlu , Lin Shuqin , Liu Ting , Zheng Chen
Published: January 2021

Background

With the increasing demands in livestock and poultry breeding and the growing number of food-borne diseases, it is necessary to practice food safety and develop strategies to produce healthy livestock. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) has been used as an additive in poultry production by some researchers, but there are few studies on the systemic beneficial effects of dietary fennel seed powder supplementation on broilers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fennel seed powder supplementation on feed intake, the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and carcass traits in Cobb broilers.

Methods

A single-factor experimental design was used. In total, 160 1-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments, with four replicates each (n = 10/replicate). Broilers in the control (CN) group were fed a basal diet without fennel seed powder, and broilers in the treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.15% (LF), 0.30% (MF), or 0.45% (HF) fennel seed powder, respectively. Feeding trials lasted for 42 days under the conditions of ad libitum access to feed and water, and 24-h illumination. During the third and sixth weeks, digestive and metabolic assays were carried out. When the broilers were 42 days old, one chicken with a weight close to the average was selected from each repetition, euthanized by an intravenous injection of 5% sodium pentobarbital, and carcass traits were measured and intestinal samples were collected for morphological assessment.

Results

There was no significant difference in growth performance of broilers (P > 0.05). The breast muscle percentage, fat width and fat width index, breast muscle area, and breast muscle area index of broilers in the LF group were higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05). Jejunum weight and length were higher in MF than in CN and LF broilers (P < 0.05). Additionally, duodenal villi height, ileal villi height, and ileal wall thickness were higher in MF than in CN broilers (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in nutrient utilization among all groups (P > 0.05), except that the ash apparent metabolic rate in MF broilers at 21 days of age was higher than that in LF broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a moderate concentration of fennel affects carcass performance, and intestinal morphology, and promotes the growth and development of broilers.
Evaluation of effective quantum yields of photosystem II for CO2 leakage monitoring in carbon capture and storage sites
Authors: He Wenmei , Yoo Gayoung , Ryu Youngryel
Published: January 2021

Vegetation monitoring can be used to detect CO2 leakage in carbon capture and storage (CCS) sites because it can monitor a large area at a relatively low cost. However, a rapidly responsive, sensitive, and cost-effective plant parameters must be suggested for vegetation monitoring to be practically utilized as a CCS management strategy. To screen the proper plant parameters for leakage monitoring, a greenhouse experiment was conducted by exposing kale (Brassica oleracea var. viridis), a sensitive plant, to 10%, 20%, and 40% soil CO2 concentrations. Water and water with CO2 stress treatments were also introduced to examine the parameters differentiating CO2 stress from water stresses. We tested the hypothesis that chlorophyl fluorescence parameters would be early and sensitive indicator to detect CO2 leakage. The results showed that the fluorescence parameters of effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)), detected the difference between CO2 treatments and control earlier than any other parameters, such as chlorophyl content, hyperspectral vegetation indices, and biomass. For systematic comparison among many parameters, we proposed an indicator evaluation score (IES) method based on four categories: CO2 specificity, early detection, field applicability, and cost. The IES results showed that fluorescence parameters (Y(II)) had the highest IES scores, and the parameters from spectral sensors (380–800 nm wavelength) had the second highest values. We suggest the IES system as a useful tool for evaluating new parameters in vegetation monitoring.
Competencias profesionales para la gestión de emisoras universitarias en España
Authors:   Univerisdad Complutense de Madrid (España), Ortiz Sobrino Miguel Ángel , Marta Lazo Carmen ,   Universidad de Zaragoza (España), Contreras-Pulido Paloma ,   Universidad de Huelva (España)
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre las competencias profesionales necesarias para la gestión en las emisoras universitarias españolas. Como técnica de investigación, se aplicó una encuesta online a sus directores, validada por seis académicos de diferentes universidades españolas vinculados a las áreas de conocimiento de Ciencias de la Comunicación y de Ciencias de la Educación, que se completó con una entrevista a dos directoras de emisoras universitarias. Los resultados revelan la importancia de las competencias para la planificación, la gestión y la organización del trabajo, así como una considerable relevancia de las habilidades sociales
Tecnologías digitales, creative commons y nuevos modos de producción cultural en Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Playa Ancha (Chile), Tello Andrés Maximiliano , Dinamarca Noack Consuelo ,   Universidad de Chile, Escobar Pulgar Sebastián ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cualitativo sobre los usos de un tipo particular de tecnologías digitales, por parte de los y las productoras culturales de netlabels y editoriales independientes en Chile: las licencias creative commons. El análisis de la información recopilada a partir de 20 entrevistas, nos permite plantear que el uso de estas tecnologías está asociado a la emergencia de una nueva escena en el campo cultural (Bourdieu), caracterizada por la conformación de complejas ecologías socio-materiales (Sassen) que alteran los modos de producción cultural tradicionales, y que se plantean al mismo tiempo como prácticas alternativas a la mercantilización de la cultura. Por último, a partir del análisis de los modos de organización productiva de estos nuevos agentes culturales, se destaca la potencia política de la invención colectiva y la creatividad común.
El imperio de las medidas provisionales y la protección del mercado en Brasil en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Cardoso Squeff Tatiana , D'Aquino Lúcia Souza , Targa Maria Luiza B.
Published: January 2021

Durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e diante da crise por ela gerada, nada mais natural que um governo atue na tentativa de conter não só o alastramento do vírus na sociedade, mas igualmente para mitigar as consequências diretas e indiretas por ele causadas nas mais diversas áreas, com especial atenção àquelas mais vulneráveis. O caso do Brasil não seria diferente se as medidas arquitetadas no âmbito do Poder Executivo não fossem largamente voltadas para setores e pessoas físicas e jurídicas que não necessariamente deveriam ser “socorridas” da forma como restou estipulado. Em vista disso, esse texto tem como objetivo discutir quatro Medidas Provisórias - MPs 925, 948, 958 e 966 - publicadas pelo Executivo brasileiro voltadas a proteção do mercado em detrimento da defesa do consumidor durante a pandemia, a fim de expor, a partir do método indutivo-dedutivo e de uma análise analítico-descritiva, o seu teor e verificar as suas incongruências, em especial, frente ao texto constitucional. Ao cabo, atento à Constituição de 1988 e à condição por ela reconhecida para a proteção da dignidade humana daquele que consome, conclui-se que o Poder Executivo deveria pugnar pela sua defesa em primeiro lugar mesmo em meio à crise múltipla corrente, o que não é o caso das MPs comentadas, cuja inconstitucionalidade demanda que as mesmas não sejam transformadas em Lei pelo Congresso Brasileiro.
Comparative Evaluation of Modified Endodontic Sealers’ Penetration Following Sonic Activation of Irrigants: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: D'souza Vincia Valencio , Mahaparale Rushikesh Ramesh , Mangala Tiptur Manjunath , Saraf Adish Anand , Mali Sneha Ramling , Pawar Sagar , Mandhane Shubham Anil , Nahar Shraddha Rajendra
Published: January 2021

Introduction: When sealer is adapted well to the root canal wall, there is less tendency for microleakage and strength of root canal is enhanced. Therefore, it is important for the sealer to possess good tubular penetration depth and adaptation to dentinal walls. Aim: To compare the effects of sonic activation of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and incorporation of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in AH Plus sealer on tubular sealer penetration. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human mandibular premolars with a single root canal were used for this invitro study from October 2019 to January 2020. All teeth were prepared upto F3 with Pro Taper Universal rotary system. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. Group I (control) included teeth obturated using AH plus sealer, Group II: teeth obturated using AH plus sealer incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles, Group III: teeth prepared along with sonic activation of the irrigant followed by obturation using AH plus sealer and Group IV: teeth prepared along with sonic activation of the irrigants followed by obturation with AH plus sealer incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles. Irrigation was achieved with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The canals were dried and obturated using respective sealers and single gutta percha cones. After storage at 37°C and 100% humidity, the roots were split into two halves and sealer penetration in the dentinal tubules was examined by using scanning electron microscope. The values obtained were statistically analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with significant p-value less than 0.05. Results: In all the groups, sealer penetrated into the dentinal tubules. There was enhanced tubular sealer penetration (289.57±59.43 μm) after sonic activation of the irrigant (group 3) followed by that on addition of ZnO nanoparticles to the sealers (group 2) (278.21±71.24 μm) and the least was seen in the control group (group 1) (211.5±66.33 μm). The combined effect of both i.e., use of sonic activation of irrigant followed by obturation using modified sealer with gutta percha (group 4) (318.64±88.27 μm) showed greatest tubular sealer penetration depth. Conclusion: Incorporation of nanoparticles aids in improving sealer penetration which is further enhanced in case of sonic activation during irrigation.
Constraints in Utilization of Market Led Extension Practices by the Farmers
Authors: Vasanthi C. , Angadi J. G.
Published: January 2021

Market led extension is the market orientation of agriculture through extension, with a blend of economics, which aids in reaching the doorsteps of the farming community with the help of appropriate technologies. The present study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the constraints faced by the farmers in utilization of market led extension practices in grape, arecanut and maize crops. Ex-post-facto research design was used for carrying out the study. The study was conducted considering Uttara Kannada district for arecanut, Bagalkot and Vijayapura districts for grapes and Belagavi and Haveri districts for maize. The sample for the study was 240. The Garrett ranking technique was used to rank and analyze the constraints in utilization of market led extension practices as expressed by the farmers. The primary production constraint in all three crops was the higher cost of labour. Existence of numerous middlemen in the value chain was major marketing constraint in grapes, unstable market prices was major marketing constraint in arecanut and inadequate storage facilities which lead to distress sale was major marketing constraint in maize. The significant extension constraint was found to be lack of follow up activities by extension personnel in grapes and maize where as lack of credibility of online channels was significant extension constraint faced by arecanut growers.
Sustainable Semi-Intensive Aquaculture of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) in Mymensingh Region, Bangladesh: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mumu Umme Habiba , Hossain Md. Nazir
Published: January 2021

This study examines the growth and yield of Vietnamese koi with Thai koi for developing a suitable culture management technique of koi for sustainable production and unveiling the most cost effective culture of koi species. The study was conducted for a rearing period of 100 days in four farms at Gauripur upazila in Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2  (T2) are considered for Vietnamese koi and treatment 3 (T3), treatment 4 (T4) are considered for Thai koi with stocking density 1,72,900 per hectare for T1 and T3 and 2,47,000 for T2 and T4 at four different farms of study area. The ponds were stocked with an initial length of 0.75±0.01 cm and weight of 0.20 g in all the treatments. The culture period has the optimum level of physicochemical parameters. The study reveals that the maximum weight gain was in treatment T1 of Vietnamese koi and lowest in treatment T4 of Thai koi. Similarly, physical length, weight and survival of Anabas testudineus also followed the same trends as weight gain. Individually treatment T1 shows significantly higher specific growth rate than the other treatments. Besides, food conversion ratio was significantly higher in treatment T1 followed by treatment T2, T3 and T4. However, the mean fish production were 17092, 15000, 10746 and 10469 kg/ha in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Consistently, highest growth, survival and higher net economic benefit from A. testudineus were found in treatment T1 among the four treatments. Vietnamese koi population of treatment T1 has appeared to be most suitable for good quality aquaculture practice for 100 days rearing semi-intensive system among the four treatments. Therefore, monoculture practice of Vietnamese koi is a perfect scheme of choice for a commercially viable and sustainable koi culture to meet up the protein deficit and as well as to accelerate the sustainable development of Bangladesh.
Complete amino acid sequence of human T‐cell leukemia virus structural protein p15
Authors: Copeland Terry D. , Oroszlan Stephen , Kalyanaraman V.S. , Sarngadharan M.G. , Gallo Robert C.
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV) structural protein p15 has been determined. The intact protein and peptides generated by enzymatic digestion and acid cleavage were purified by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and subjected to semi‐automated Edman degradation. HTLV p15 is a basic linear polypeptide composed of 85 amino acids with M
r 9458. The primary structure indicates that HTLV p15 is homologous to the nucleic acid binding proteins of other type‐C retroviruses and especially related to bovine leukemia virus p12.
Glycogen synthase (casein) kinase‐1: tissue distribution and subcellular localization
Authors: Singh Toolsee J. , Huang Kuo-Ping
Published: July 2002

The distribution of glycogen synthase (casein) kinase‐1 (CK‐1) among different rat tissues and subcellular fractions was investigated. Using casein, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase as substrates, CK‐1 activity was detected in kidney, spleen, liver, testis, lung, brain, heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The distribution of CK‐1 among different subcellular fractions of rat liver was; cytosol (72.1%), microsome (17.6%), mitochondria (9.6%) and nuclei (0.7%). CK‐1 from rat tissues was shown to have a similarly wide substrate specificity as highly purified CK‐1 from rabbit skeletal muscle. Such wide substrate specificity and distribution among different mammalian tissues and subcellular organelles indicate that CK‐1 may be involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions.
An electrogenic uniport mediates light‐dependent Ca2+ influx into intact spinach chloroplasts
Authors: Kreimer Georg , Melkonian Michael , Latzko Erwin
Published: July 2002

Light‐dependent Ca2+ influx into intact spinach chloroplasts, measured with the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III, is stimulated by uncouplers (FCCP, CCCP, nigericin) and inhibited by ruthenium red. The data presented demonstrate that light‐dependent Ca2+ influx into chloroplasts is electrogenic and mediated by a uniport‐type carrier. The characteristics of the carrier system are similar to those of the Ca2+ uniport of mitochondria.
The complete primary structure of GTP:AMP phosphotransferase from beef heart mitochondria
Authors: Tomasselli A.G. , Frank R. , Schiltz E.
Published: July 2002

To complete the amino acid sequence of GTP:AMP phosphotransferase (MgGTP + AMP ∠ MgGDP + ADP) from beef heart mitochondria it was necessary to sequence an intermediate region of about 33 residues after position 102 [(1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 143, 331‐339] and find a suitable overlap with the rest of the protein. The required peptides were obtained by cleaving the enzyme with endoproteinase Lys‐C. One peptide, covering the region from residue 79 to 144, was sequenced up to residue 124. Another peptide, extending from residue 79 to 169, was subcleaved with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and provided the fragment from residue 99 to 139 which was sequenced. Several other peptides from endoproteinase Lys‐C cleavage were used to check large sections of the previously published sequence work. The complete sequence contains 225 amino acids and has an M
r of 25 469
The amino‐terminal sequences of four major carp γ‐crystallin polypeptides and their homology with frog and calf γ‐crystallins
Authors: Chiou Shyh-Horng , Chen Shun-Wen , Lo Tung-Bin
Published: July 2002

Four major γ‐crystallin subfractions have been isolated from the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their N‐terminal sequences determined by Edman protein sequencing. Extensive homologies indicative of close relatedness in their primary structure were found in these four γ‐crystallin polypeptides. Comparison of the carp N‐terminal sequences with those of mammalian and amphibian γ‐crystallins also showed a high degree of homology present in their N‐terminal segments despite the dissimilarity of amino acid compositions of fish γ‐crystallins to those of higher classes of vertebrates. The distinct yet closely‐related partial sequences of carp γ‐crystallins could account for the profound microheterogeneity detected in the characterization of carp crystallins, suggesting the presence of a multigene family for γ‐crystallin in the lowest class of vertebrates, i.e. the fish.
A spectrophotometric assay for deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase
Authors: Baldwin Jack E. , Crabbe M.James C.
Published: July 2002

A continuous direct spectrophotometric assay for deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase was developed, based on the absorption at 260 nm characteristic of the dihydrothiazine moiety of cephalosporins. K
m values of 0.18 mM for penicillin N and 0.16 mM for α‐ketoglutarate were determined. A coupled assay using succinate thiokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase showed that succinate was a product of both deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase and hydroxylase reactions. The expandase reaction exhibited a 1:1.06 stoichiometry for deacetoxycephalosporin C and succinate.
Elevated proα2(I) collagen mRNA levels in cultured scleroderma fibroblasts result from an increased transcription rate of the corresponding gene
Authors: Kähäri Veli-Matti , Multimäki Petteri , Vuorio Eero
Published: July 2002

Fibroblasts cultured from affected and unattected skin sites of three scleroderma patients were studied for the activation of type I collagen gene expression. Dot blot hybridizations with proα2(I) collagen specific cDNA probe revealed 2.9–4.8‐fold increases in proα2(I) mRNA levels in the affected fibroblasts over the unaffected control cells. Transcription rate of the proα2(I) gene in the nuclei isolated from the same cells was 2.0–3.7‐fold higher in the scleroderma fibroblasts than in the controls. The results show that scleroderma fibroblasts have undergone activation of collagen gene expression at the transcriptional level, which subsequently results in elevated procollagen mRNA levels, overproduction of collagen, and development of dermal fibrosis.
Possible involvement of protein kinase C in proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Kozawa Osamu , Takatsuki Kensuke , Kotake Katsuhiro , Yoneda Masahiro , Oiso Yutaka , Saito Hidehiko
Published: July 2002

In cloned osteoblast‐like cells, MC3T3‐E1, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C activating phorbol ester, and 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetylglycerol (OAG), a specific activator for protein kinase C, stimulated DNA synthesis in a dose‐dependent manner. Both TPA and OAG acted synergistically with insulin‐like growth factor I to stimulate DNA synthesis. TPA as well as OAG suppressed the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3‐E1 cells induced by parathyroid hormone. These results suggest that protein kinase C is involved in the process which directs osteoblast‐like cells toward proliferation.
Elucidation of multiple forms of nephrocalcin by 31P‐NMR spectrometer
Authors: Nakagawa Y. , Otsuki T. , Coe F.L.
Published: July 2002

Four forms of nephrocalcin have been routinely isolated from mammalian kidney tissues and urine using DEAE‐cellulose column chromatography with a linear NaCl gradient. We have demonstrated that these four forms of nephrocalcin, isolated from bovine kidneys, contain different amounts of phosphate residues, and that alkaline phosphatase digestion converts these to only one form of nephrocalcin. The changes in the nephrocalcin before and after removal of phosphate residues were measured by 31P‐NMR spectrometer. Loss of phosphate residues decreased the dissociation constant of nephrocalcin 10‐fold toward calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, suggesting the phosphate residues appear to be important in the inhibitory effects of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth.
Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human GM2 activator protein
Authors: Schröder M. , Klima H. , Nakano T. , Kwon H. , Quintern L.E. , Gärtner S. , Suzuki K. , Sandhoff K.
Published: July 2002

The GM2 activator protein is a glycolipid‐binding protein required for the lysosomal degradation of ganglioside GM2. A human fibroblast cDNA library was screened with mixtures of oligonucleotide probes corresponding to four different areas of the amino acid sequence. A putative clone (821 bp) which gave positive signals to all four probe mixtures was purified and sequenced. The sequence was colinear with the sequence of 160 amino acids of the mature GM2 activator protein. Availability of the cDNA clone should facilitate investigation into function of the GM2 activator protein and also into genetic abnormalities underlying GM2 gangliosidosis AB variant.
Identification by molecular cloning of two cDNA sequences from the plant Brassica napus which are very similar to mammalian protein phosphatases‐1 and ‐2A
Authors: MacKintosh Robert W. , Haycox Gail , Hardie D.Grahame , Cohen Patricia T.W.
Published: July 2002

Two clones encoding protein phosphatase (PP) catalytic subunits have been isolated from a Brassica napus cDNA library screened with rabbit muscle PPlα and PP2Aα cDNAs. The deduced protein sequences are very similar to those of mammalian PPlα and PP2Aα (72% and 79% overall identity, respectively) indicating that they are the plant homologues of PPlα and PP2Aα. This high degree of similarity provides a molecular explanation for the remarkable conservation of the catalytic and regulatory properties between animal and plant protein phosphatases and supports the concept that PP1 and PP2A may be the most highly conserved of known enzymes.