bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Unexpected Pain in Intubated and Sedated Patients
Authors: Clukey By Lory , Weyant Ruth A. , Roberts Melanie , Henderson Ann
Published: May 2014

Background

The perceptions of patients who are restrained and sedated while being treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit are not well understood. The effectiveness of sedation used to aid in recovery and enhance comfort during intubation is unknown.

Objective

To explore the perceptions of patients who were intubated and receiving pain medication while sedated and restrained in the intensive care unit, in particular, their experience and their memories of the experience.

Methods

In a phenomenological study, 14 patients who were intubated and receiving pain medication while sedated and restrained were interviewed at the bedside. A semistructured interview guide was used. Data were analyzed by using an inductive method consistent with qualitative research.

Results

Three major themes were identified from the data: lack of memory of being restrained; a perception of being intubated as horrific; nursing behaviors that were helpful and comforting. An unexpected discovery was that sedation may be interfering with pain assessment and management.

Conclusion

Being intubated can be painful and traumatic despite administration of sedatives and analgesics. Sedation may mask uncontrolled pain for intubated patients and prevent them from communicating this condition to a nurse. Nurses may need to evaluate current interventions in order to provide maximum comfort and promote optimal positive outcomes for intensive care patients who are intubated.
Double Blockade of CD14 and Complement C5 Abolishes the Cytokine Storm and Improves Morbidity and Survival in Polymicrobial Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Huber-Lang Markus , Barratt-Due Andreas , Pischke Søren E. , Sandanger Øystein , Nilsson Per H. , Nunn Miles A. , Denk Stephanie , Gaus Wilhelm , Espevik Terje , Mollnes Tom E.
Published: May 2014

Sepsis and septic shock, caused by an excessive systemic host-inflammatory response, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The complement system and TLRs provide important pattern recognition receptors initiating the cytokine storm by extensive cross-talk. We hypothesized that double blockade of complement C5 and the TLR coreceptor CD14 could improve survival of experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Mice undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)–induced sepsis were treated with neutralizing anti-CD14 Ab biG 53, complement C5 inhibitor coversin (Ornithodoros moubata C inhibitor), or a combination thereof. The inflammatory study (24-h observation) revealed statistically significant increases in 22 of 24 measured plasma biomarkers in the untreated CLP group, comprising 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and 8 chemokines, growth factors, and granulocyte activation markers. Single CD14 or C5 blockade significantly inhibited 20 and 19 of the 22 biomarkers, respectively. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition significantly reduced all 22 biomarkers (mean reduction 85%; range 54–95%) compared with the untreated CLP group. Double blockade was more potent than single treatment and was required to significantly inhibit IL-6 and CXCL1. Combined inhibition significantly reduced morbidity (motility and eyelid movement) and mortality measured over 10 d. In the positive control CLP group, median survival was 36 h (range 24–48 h). Combined treatment increased median survival to 96 h (range 24–240 h) (p = 0.001), whereas survival in the single-treatment groups was not significantly increased (median and range for anti-CD14 and anti-C5 treatment were 36 h [24–48 h] and 48 h [24–96 h]). Combined with standard intervention therapy, specific blockade of CD14 and C5 might represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for treatment of polymicrobial sepsis.
RNA interference reveals allatotropin functioning in larvae and adults of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: Hassanien I.T.E. , Meyering-Vos M. , Hoffmann K.H.
Published: May 2014

The allatotropin of S. frugiperda (Spofr-AT) and its cDNA sequence were characterized 10 years ago, but no functional analyses of the peptide are available. Here we used the RNA interference technique to study the effects of Spofr-AT gene suppression on juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid titers in the hemolymph of larvae, virgin and mated females, and of males. Spofr-AT gene silencing in last instar larvae resulted in an increase in the amount of JH III and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the hemolymph of the animals, corresponding to an acceleration of the prepupal commitment and transformation to the pupa. Mated females showed much higher JH titers in their hemolymph than virgins and laid almost twice the number of eggs. Spofr-AT gene silencing in freshly ecdysed females led to a further increase in egg production and oviposition, but had only a minor effect on the hemoylmph JH titer. Mated females contain considerable amounts of JH I and JH II in their hemoylmph, which are thought to be received from males during copulation. To confirm this hypothesis, we measured the amount of JH homologs in the male accessory reproductive glands (MARG) before mating and in the bursa copulatrix (BC) of the female after mating. MARG contained high amounts of JH I and JH II, which are transferred to the BC during copulation. One day after mating, JH disappeared from the BC and was then found in the hemolymph of the females. In conclusion, Spofr-AT acts as a true allatotropin in larvae and adults of both sexes of the armyworm.
Women's Awareness of Periconceptional Use of Folic Acid before and after Their Antenatal Visits
Authors: Maher Mark , Keriakos Remon
Published: May 2014

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess women's awareness of the benefit and use of folic acid during pregnancy and to assess whether their knowledge has improved following hospital visits.

Method

This is a prospective survey conducted in a large teaching hospital in the UK. The survey questionnaire consisted of 28 questions about demographic variables, behavioral variables, and knowledge about folic acid and neural tube defects (NTDs).

Result

A total of 603 women participated in this study. Some of them attended for the first time and others had more than one visit, either in their current or previous pregnancies. In about 25% of cases, the pregnancy was not planned. Between 14 and 19% of the women of First and Two+ Visit groups consulted their doctor or other healthcare professional before conception. Nearly 98% of the women stated that they had heard of folic acid, but only 42–52% knew the medical condition it protects against. The main sources of information for women who were aware of folic acid were midwives and general practitioners. Nearly 90% of women who attended their first antenatal visit were taking folic acid. However, only 40% of women knew that they should take it before pregnancy, and only between 36 and 46% knew the dietary sources of folic acid, although about 84% know the foods that should be avoided during pregnancy. This study found that attending antenatal clinic has not increased women's awareness about folic acid.

Conclusion

There is still a high proportion of women who do not know that folic acid should be taken before pregnancy and continued for the first three months of pregnancy. School education, primary care team, and family planning service should take the lead in providing information to women about folic acid.
Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness in Ethiopia: Implementation Strength and Quality of Care
Authors: Miller Nathan P. , Amouzou Agbessi , Tafesse Mengistu , Hazel Elizabeth , Legesse Hailemariam , Degefie Tedbabe , Victora Cesar G. , Black Robert E. , Bryce Jennifer
Published: May 2014

Ethiopia has scaled up integrated community case management of childhood illness (iCCM) in most regions. We assessed the strength of iCCM implementation and the quality of care provided by health extension workers (HEWs). Data collectors observed HEWs' consultations with sick children and carried out gold standard re-examinations. Nearly all HEWs received training and supervision, and essential commodities were available. HEWs provided correct case management for 64% of children. The proportions of children correctly managed for pneumonia, diarrhea, and malnutrition were 72%, 79%, and 59%, respectively. Only 34% of children with severe illness were correctly managed. Health posts saw an average of 16 sick children in the previous 1 month. These results show that iCCM can be implemented at scale and that community-based HEWs can correctly manage multiple illnesses. However, to increase the chances of impact on child mortality, management of severe illness and use of iCCM services must be improved.
Gemeenschap ten tijde van globalisering - Nancy, Cavell en de sociale gesitueerdheid van subjectiviteit
Authors: Bax Chantal
Published: May 2014

This article describes my VENI project on the reconceptualization of community. It argues that the idea of a socially situated subject has not become obsolete in times of globalization, but that a rethinking of the concept of community is now required: how to account for the simultaneous transience and persistence of belonging? It then explains that by staging a conversation between Jean-Luc Nancy and Stanley Cavell, an account can be developed that meets both criteria for thinking community today.
De ambivalente verbeeldingskracht
Authors: de Boer Sander W.
Published: May 2014

René Descartes, among others, tried to downplay the role of the human imagination by identifying man’s true inner nature with our rational thinking self, a view that according to many became central to the modern self-understanding. In the wake of the 20th-century critiques of this Cartesian view of man, imagination is finally making its comeback. What is often overlooked, however, is that for a long time imagination was deemed vitally important. This project takes a close look at philosophical theories of the imagination in a crucial, but neglected, period in which it was still considered by many, for better or worse, to belong to human nature no less than reason (1350–1600).
Dood op bestelling in het zicht van Alzheimer
Authors: Delaere Patrick
Published: May 2014

The moral authority of advance directives as a vehicle of precedent autonomy is highly problematic in cases of severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. It is unclear how personal values and interests can be enforced by means of such an advance directive; at the stage of severe dementia the distal binding powers of precedent autonomy have expired; and the moral costs of removing another human being from life are very high. It transpires that in fine drawing up an advance directive in the face of Alzheimer is an inappropriate method of orchestrating one’s future care and death. This leaves persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease with two morally preferable alternatives. One is that they accept that, when severe dementia is setting in, autonomy is not an issue; others decide. The second is that they commit pre-emptive suicide after Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed.
Wachten op beeld - De tragische retorica van Iconische foto’s
Authors: van Gerwen Rob
Published: May 2014

Iconic photographs are visual arguments depicting an, often dramatic, particular situation showing victims of disasters. Spectators watching the photo of the particular situation, empathise with it, and project the feelings evoked onto the events that form the context for the scene in the picture. This mobilises them into political action. In the process, however, the depicted personal misery is perused to exemplify the larger events. The tragedy of iconic photographs is analysed not as the misery experienced by the depicted persons, but as the breach of their right to shame which is required for the photo to acquire iconicity. Examples are addressed, as well as the contrast classes of the self-portrait and Byzantine icons.
Oneindige regressieargumenten
Authors: Wieland Jan Willem
Published: May 2014

Infinite regress arguments show up in many philosophical debates. But what actually is a regress argument? This article reviews two theories: the Paradox Theory and the Failure Theory. According to the Paradox Theory, regress arguments can be used to refute an existentially or universally quantified statement (e.g. to refute the statement that at least one discussion is settled, or the statement that discussions are settled only if there is an agreed-upon criterion to settle them). According to the Failure Theory, regress arguments can be used to demonstrate that a certain solution fails to solve an existentially or universally quantified problem (e.g. to demonstrate that a certain solution fails to settle all discussions, or that it fails to settle even one discussion). In the literature, the Paradox Theory is fairly well-developed, and this article shows that the Failure Theory can be supplied with similar tools.
De verwikkeling van markt en staat in het licht van Hegels - Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts
Authors: de Boer Karin
Published: May 2014

The current crisis makes it clear that the financial sector has an ever greater impact on national and international politics. This development poses a challenge not only to Europe, but also to our philosophical understanding of the relationship between politics and the market. In order to use Hegel’s Philosophy of Right for the purpose of reflecting on this relationship, I begin by arguing that recent commentators, including Honneth and Pippin, unduly play down Hegel’s critique of the liberalist conception of freedom as well as the conception of the state that follows from this critique. Turning to Hegel’s analysis of the relationship between civil society and the state, I submit that we can learn from Hegel that it is crucial for modern societies to let citizens pursue their own interests, but that a one-sided focus on this element threatens to undermine the society as a whole. This is the case if the political domain, which ought to be devoted to the long-term interests of the society as a whole, fails to sufficiently distinguish itself from the struggle between contending particular interests that characterizes civil society.
De kunst is dood, leve de kunsten! - Over de enkelvoudigheid en meervoudigheid van kunst
Authors: van Rooden Aukje
Published: May 2014

Although many have identified similarities between the arts, the question as to what principle they would share has proved difficult to answer. This article unfolds three crucial moments in the search for an answer to the question of the singularity and plurality of art: Batteux’s attempt to reduce the arts to one principle in The Fine Arts Reduced to a Single Principle (1746), the early idealist-romantic attempt to synthesize the arts in The Earliest System-Program of German Idealism (1798), and Nancy’s recent attempt, in The Muses (2006), to understand the Hegelian End of Art as a beginning of the arts in plural.
Pennsylvania Credit in the Virginia Backcountry, 1746–1755
Authors: McCleskey Turk , Squire James C.
Published: May 2014

This essay investigates economic connections between Virginia frontier settlements and Pennsylvania during the period 1746–55. We explore how frontier debtors in remote Augusta County, Virginia, acquired Pennsylvania monetary obligations, what happened when debts involving Pennsylvania money were litigated in Augusta County, and what exchange rate was used in judgments for debts denominated in Pennsylvania money. We find that fluctuations in Augusta County exchange rates correlated to the overall regional market for monetary exchanges involving pounds sterling and Pennsylvania or Virginia money. A statistical tool called the two-tailed student t-test indicates the correlation was not the result of random chance. We therefore conclude that ordinary settlers in the Virginia backcountry were thoroughly acquainted with Pennsylvania market conditions at an earlier period than previously has been recognized.
The Revolutionary Mind of Walter Gropius:
Authors: Loureiro Felipe
Published: May 2014

The founders of Modern architecture believed that they were creating a new tradition, instead of just another addition to the continuous flow of architectural history. This belief was largely based on their reaction toward the advent of industrial production, which seemed to demand a completely new conception of the role of the architect. This essay aims at discussing this new tradition through the analysis of the Bauhaus manifestos written by Walter Gropius in 1919 and 1926, highlighting, in both texts, the traces of what Brazilian philosopher Olavo de Carvalho calls “the revolutionary mentality.” This mentality encompasses not only the conception of an ideal, utopian future but also the perception of the present and the evaluation of the past. The study of this mind-set, which forged Modern architecture, can help us reevaluate the role of Utopias in architectural theory and practice, going beyond the superficial stigmas of rigidity, “inhumane” rationalism, or even totalitarianism that usually guide the critique of Modern architectural Utopias.
Indirect Reduction Technique in Proximal Humeral Fractures Stabilized by Locking Plates
Authors: Rhee Yong Girl , Cho Nam Su , Cha Sang Won , Moon Seong Cheol , Hwang Sang Phil
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND: Indirect reduction technique offers a valid option in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome and the complication rate after indirect reduction and internal fixation of unstable proximal humeral fractures with use of a locking plate.METHODS: Twenty four patients with acute proximal humerus fracture were managed with indirect reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 months.RESULTS: The anatomical reduction of the medial cortex buttress was seen in 16 patients (66%) of the Group A and the non-anatomical reduction was seen in 8 patients (33%) of the Group B. Mean union time was 3.2 +/- 1.9 months; it was 2.2 +/- 0.6 months in the Group A and 5.3 +/- 2.2 months in the Group B (p < 0.05). In our series, there were 6 cases of complications and these include 2 cases of varus malunion, 2 cases of shoulder stiffness, 1 case of heterotrophic ossification, 2 cases of screw perforation and 1 case of impingement.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from our studies that indirect reduction and internal fixation using locking plate for acute proximal humerus fracture can give good results with bony union and predictable good overall functional outcome. If the medial cortex buttress is well maintained, a better anatomical reduction would be achieved, the union would be prompted, the pain would be further reduced and the range of the motion would be recovered more promptly.
Spontaneous Healing of Acromial Stress Fracture Caused by Clavicle Hook Plate in Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Gang Un , Kim Seong Hwan , Lee Jae Sung , Kim Jae Yoon
Published: May 2014

Clavicular hook plate is known to be an effective treatment on acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury, but there have been some reports of complications, like osteolysis and bony erosion of the undersurface of acromion. Fifty-five year old male underwent open reduction and hook plate insertion on Rockwood type 5 acromioclavicular joint dislocation. He complained of protrusion of posterior acromion at 1 month after the surgery, and acromial fracture was noted in simple radiographs. The hook plate was removed and any other treatment for osteosynthesis was refused by the patient. At the 18 months after the surgery, the patient had no pain and a full range of motion with no tenderness around the shoulder joint. After two years, plain radiographs revealed complete bony union of the acromion fracture.
The Effects of Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Attitudes
Authors: Glavas Ante , Kelley Ken
Published: May 2014

We explore the impact on employee attitudes of their perceptions of how others outside the organization are treated (i.e., corporate social responsibility) above and beyond the impact of how employees are directly treated by the organization. Results of a study of 827 employees in eighteen organizations show that employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are positively related to (a) organizational commitment with the relationship being partially mediated by work meaningfulness and perceived organizational support (POS) and (b) job satisfaction with work meaningfulness partially mediating the relationship but not POS. Moreover, in order to address limited micro-level research in CSR, we develop a measure of employee perceptions of CSR through four pilot studies. Employing a bifactor model, we find that social responsibility has an additional effect on employee attitudes beyond environmental responsibility, which we posit is due to the relational component of social responsibility (e.g., relationships with community).
Problem: Building mathematical practices: How many legs?
Authors: Kastberg Signe E.
Published: May 2014

Each month, elementary school teachers are given a problem along with suggested instructional notes. Teachers are asked to use the problem in their own classrooms and report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience. Opportunities to learn mathematics can be particularly rich when they capitalize on children's curiosity and love of stories. The illustrations in Charlotte's Web (White 1952)—a children's favorite with lots of avenues for exploration)—encourage children to devise ways to mathematically represent the structure they see and to build solutions.
Solutions: The school bus dilemma
Authors: Fill Gina , Watson Linda
Published: May 2014

This section of the Problem Solvers department discusses the classroom results of using problems presented in previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics.
Road trippin'
Authors: Zippin Liat
Published: May 2014

This month, we look at how road trips are full of fun opportunities to explore patterns and combinations, departure and arrival times, and rates and ratios. This department features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme that aims for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes at four activities each for students in the K–2, 3–4, and 5–6 grade bands.
Order and Value: Transitioning to Integers
Authors: Bofferding Laura
Published: May 2014

First graders restructure their ideas about foundational number concepts when they encounter negative integers.
Tinkering with buoyancy
Authors: Lee Mi Yeon
Published: May 2014

The goal of the project this month is for students to design and build a tinfoil boat that is capable of carrying the maximum weight with the least expense, learning the scientific concept of buoyancy; incorporating the technological tool of TinkerPlots; applying engineering principles to designing and building a boat; and using mathematical knowledge of area, graphs, and data analysis. Integrating Science Technology Engineering in Mathematics (iSTEM) is the venue for ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in these integrated fields in K–grade 6 classrooms.
Postscript: Knock 'em down
Authors: Throndsen Jennifer
Published: May 2014

This simple dice game supports students' development of flexibility with numbers, the properties of the four operations (+, −, ×, ÷), and the order of operations. It requires only dice and a game board for each player.
Gérer des compétences : une instrumentation en contexte, modélisation fondée sur l’étude de cas
Authors: Delobbe Nathalie , Gilbert Patrick , Le Boulaire Martine
Published: May 2014

Aujourd’hui largement diffusée, la gestion des compétences continue à faire face à trois questions fondamentales. D’abord, celle de la pertinence de son instrumentation : les outils de gestion des compétences restent critiqués pour leur réductionnisme, leur rapide obsolescence et leur manque de fiabilité. Ensuite, celle de son désajustement organisationnel : les pratiques de gestion des compétences semblent souvent faire abstraction des spécificités des contextes organisationnels dans lesquels elles émergent. Enfin, celle de son articulation stratégique : comment comprendre et gérer le lien entre les pratiques de gestion des compétences centrées sur l’individu et un pilotage stratégique de l’entreprise fondé sur ses compétences-clés ? En réponse à ces questions, cette contribution vise à mettre en évidence des configurations cohérentes d’instruments, de contextes organisationnels et de finalités stratégiques susceptibles de sous-tendre les dispositifs de gestion des compétences. L’analyse repose sur sept études de cas menées dans des entreprises contrastées, publiques ou privées et de tailles diverses.

L’analyse comparative des cas fait émerger quatre modèles distincts de gestion des compétences : 1- un modèle de la normalisation centré sur des comportements partagés à large échelle et visant l’homogénéisation culturelle; 2- un modèle de la polyvalence permettant l’allocation flexible des ressources humaines au sein d’un périmètre d’activité; 3- un modèle du talent individuel faisant des qualités et aptitudes personnelles génériques la clé de la performance individuelle et collective; 4- et, enfin, un modèle de l’expertise centré sur la maîtrise de compétences techniques complexes et la livraison de prestations à haute valeur ajoutée. Cette modélisation permet de resituer les pratiques de gestion des compétences dans leur contexte organisationnel. Elle clarifie la valeur ajoutée qu’un système de gestion des compétences peut apporter à la réalisation d’une stratégie d’entreprise. Enfin, les choix opérationnels faits dans la construction des référentiels de compétences peuvent être compris et réfléchis à la lumière du modèle retenu.
Les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans un centre d’appels
Authors: Mainhagu Sébastien , Moulin Yves
Published: May 2014

L’organisation scientifique du travail, appliquée initialement dans l’industrie, s’est progressivement déclinée dans les services. Dans ces espaces, le contrôle du travail s’étend à l’appréciation du comportement du salarié, en référence à des expressions d’émotions prescrites par le management. Les centres d’appels constituent une illustration privilégiée : les téléconseillers sont tenus de respecter des normes organisationnelles leur dictant l’expression d’émotions à manifester lors des échanges avec les clients. Toutefois, pendant les conversations, les téléconseillers n’arrivent pas toujours à cacher leurs vraies émotions et émettent alors un comportement non conforme aux attentes du management.

Cet échec du contrôle des émotions du téléconseiller constitue un fort enjeu pour les entreprises concernées parce qu’il risque de réduire la satisfaction des clients, voire d’entraîner des pertes de clientèle. En se fondant sur le cadre théorique dutravail émotionnel, la présente étude a pour finalité de cerner les principales causes des comportements adéquats ou déviants des téléconseillers lors des conversations téléphoniques.

Cette contribution recèle une triple originalité. Elle constitue la première étude à appréhender les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans le contexte spécifique des centres d’appels. Elle privilégie une méthodologie d’observationin situdes émotions recueillies à travers une grille de codage évaluant le degré de déviance à l’émotion prescrite lors de 347 conversations. Elle introduit dans le raisonnement l’influence de la structure sociale pour enrichir l’analyse de l’impact négatif de certaines variables sur l’expression d’émotions des téléconseillers.

Cet article montre que ce sont principalement les situations d’interaction (charge de travail, heure de l’appel) ainsi que les règles établies par l’encadrement (durée de l’appel, absence de retrait à la suite d’un appel difficile, faible latitude dans la réponse) qui favorisent les comportements dysfonctionnels. Toutefois, les téléconseillers percevant une forte tolérance de l’employeur à la déviance des règles prescrites, ils renforcent leur expression d’émotions de représailles.
Intermédiation financière et croissance économique : une approche basée sur le concept d’efficacité-X appliquée à la zone UEMOA*
Authors: Igue Charlemagne Babatoundé
Published: May 2014

Cet article étudie le lien entre l’efficacité de l’intermédiation financière et la croissance économique sur un panel de sept pays de l’UEMOA** sur la période 1990-2008. Tout d’abord, un modèle théorique est présenté dans lequel l’efficacité de l’intermédiation bancaire renforce la croissance économique par le biais de l’amélioration de la productivité marginale du capital. Ensuite, l’efficacité du secteur bancaire est étudiée par le concept d’efficacité-X de Leibenstein (1966). Les scores d’efficacité bancaire sont estimés par la méthode DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), appliquée à un modèle de production bancaire sur un échantillon de banques de l’UEMOA. Finalement, les scores moyens d’efficacité bancaire par pays sont calculés et utilisés comme indicateur de l’efficacité de l’intermédiation financière dans un modèle de croissance sur données de panel. Les résultats suggèrent l’existence d’une influence positive et significative de l’efficacité du secteur bancaire sur la croissance économique.
Les relations entre les Innus et les non-Innus en Sagamie
Authors: Charest Paul
Published: May 2014

Ce texte présente une double analyse des rapports entre Innus et non-Innus en Sagamie. L’analyse dite « impressionniste » est fondée sur une expérience de trente-cinq ans de contacts et de travail avec des Innus. Elle fait état des prises de position de sept groupes d’acteurs : les Innus, les gouvernements, les Métis du Domaine du Roi et de la Seigneurie de Mingan, les politiciens locaux, les médias régionaux, les tribunaux et la population allochtone. L’analyse discursive, de son côté, est le résultat d’une analyse de 415 articles de journaux régionaux à partir de mots-clés associés à huit thèmes : les négociations territoriales, les revendications des Métis, le développement économique, la culture traditionnelle et contemporaine, la politique locale, les questions sociales, l’éducation, les sports. L’analyse des discours dans les médias écrits de la Sagamie démontre qu’en dehors des négociations de l’entente finale de l’Approche commune et des revendications des Métis il y a des terrains de bonne entente, en particulier dans les domaines du développement économique et de la culture. L’analyse impressionniste s’avère plus pessimiste en concluant que seuls des efforts très intenses d’information et les interventions positives de leaders locaux forts pourraient peut-être parvenir à rétablir des rapports plus harmonieux entre Innus et non-Innus en Sagamie. L’avenir de ceux-ci peut dépendre, entre autres, de la décision de la cour dans le dossier des revendications des droits des Métis du Domaine du Roi et de la Seigneurie de Mingan.
L’Approche commune ou l’irrésistible élan vers une définition interethnique de la planification territoriale ?
Authors: Rivard Étienne
Published: May 2014

L’Approche commune, devenue l’Entente de principe d’ordre général entre les Premières Nations de Mamuitun et de Nutashkuan et le gouvernement du Québec et le gouvernement du Canada (ÉPOG) en 2002, n’aura laissé personne indifférent depuis sa divulgation en juillet 2000. Les deux régions directement touchées par l’Entente, le Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean et la Côte-Nord, sont depuis lors la scène d’un débat qui, par moments, fut marqué par certains stéréotypes tenaces et des propos haineux. En revanche, et en se concentrant sur cette première région, on constate la présence notable de gestes concrets d’ouverture et de partenariats interethniques, lesquels ont une incidence sur les initiatives de développement et de planification territoriale à l’échelle locale et régionale. Intéressé par ces gestes et initiatives, l’auteur de cet article cherche à évaluer le rôle joué par l’ÉPOG dans leur émergence. C’est ce à quoi sont particulièrement vouées les deux premières parties du texte, portant ainsi un regard géographique sur l’Entente, sur ces partenariats et sur le dialogue culturel qui en résulte. La troisième partie vise à offrir un regard critique et à démontrer que cette ouverture des décideurs non autochtones aux partenariats interethniques repose peut-être moins sur une entière compréhension interculturelle du territoire que sur un contexte socio-économique favorable.
Rôle des superviseurs en milieu scolaire et des formateurs en entreprise dans le Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi
Authors: Charbonneau Julie , Samson Ghislain , Rousseau Nadia
Published: May 2014

Le Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi se veut un programme d’alternance travail-études visant la qualification des élèves ayant d’importantes difficultés scolaires au secondaire. L’objectif de cette formation vise à développer des compétences et des aptitudes d’employabilité afin d’intégrer le marché du travail et de s’y maintenir (MELS, 2008a). Par sa clientèle cible, ce programme impose un engagement particulier des principaux acteurs du système scolaire et de l’entreprise, que ce soit au regard de l’accueil, de l’encadrement, de la formation et de l’évaluation. Bien que les programmes de formation d’alternance éducative de niveau secondaire semblent une solution possible pour ces jeunes (Landry et Mazalon, 2002; Langlois, 2003; Gagnon, 2007), peu d’études portent sur les pratiques des superviseurs de stage en milieu scolaire (enseignants) et des formateurs en entreprise en contexte d’alternance (Gagnon, 2007). Ce texte a pour objectif de décrire et d’analyser les rôles perçus par les superviseurs de stage en milieu scolaire et des formateurs en entreprise dans le parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi. Nos résultats tendent à démontrer que des formateurs en entreprise ainsi que des superviseurs de stage en milieu scolaire jouent un rôle prépondérant en ce qui a trait à la communication entre eux et auprès des stagiaires. Dans certains cas, il semble que l’encadrement des stagiaires soit plus ou moins pris en considération par les deux parties, ce qui, par ricochet, influence le taux moyen des objectifs comportementaux travaillés avec les jeunes. Ainsi, il reste peu de temps consacré aux comportements et aux attitudes de l’apprenti dans les objectifs travaillés par les formateurs. Pourtant, ces aspects sont des indicateurs importants de l’employabilité (Joyal et Samson, 2009), cette dernière étant l’une des visées du Parcours.
« L’accompagnabilité », une propriété des dispositifs de formation en
alternance
Authors: Leclercq Gilles , Oudart Anne-Catherine , Marois Thérèse
Published: May 2014

Dans cette contribution, les auteurs étudient la propriété d’« accompagnabilité ».
Ils la définissent comme la propension des dispositifs de formation en alternance à
distribuer l’activité d’accompagnement, mais aussi comme celle des usagers à la
redistribuer, à accompagner, à se faire accompagner, à s’accompagner soi-même.

Pour étudier cette propriété dans sa diversité, ils ont d’abord identifié des
logiques d’intervention différentes qu’ils nomment « spéculative », « normative » et
« dialogique ». La logique d’intervention dialogique est plus spécifiquement étudiée, avec
la collaboration de l’accompagnante qui a servi à la modéliser. Celle-ci revisite elle-même
sa pratique avec l’outillage conceptuel et le matériau empirique issus de la recherche. La
dernière partie du texte est conclusive. Elle porte sur les enseignements, les insuffisances
et les perspectives de la démarche de recherche.
Analyser l’alternance d’enquêtes entre pratique et théorie pour mieux les provoquer ?
Authors: Chaubet Philippe , Gervais Colette
Published: May 2014

Comment des étudiants adultes en coopération internationale construisent-ils leur réflexion sur leur futur métier et sur leurs compétences? Les résultats suggèrent que certaines situations d’apprentissage savent déjà faire comprendre et vivre les traits de la future pratique à l’étranger. Le concept de pensée réfléchie de Dewey guide l’analyse du discours d’étudiants et le repérage de leurs interpellations et enquêtes. On surprend ainsi une alternance d’enquêtes entre pratique et théorie. Au-delà des questions épistémologiques et méthodologiques de définition et captation des traces de cette réflexion dans du discours, on peut s’interroger sur les facteurs qui stimulent ces allers-retours fécondants et aident les professionnels en formation à conceptualiser leur pratique naissante. L’étroit corridor de circulation entre théorie et pratique mis au jour semble le fruit d’efforts des formateurs pour provoquer l’intégration intelligente de ces deux éléments apparemment antithétiques. C’est une bonne nouvelle : les étudiants ne sont pas condamnés à réinventer lentement la roue de la pratique ni les savoirs de l’humanité à sommeiller dans les livres. Cette contribution propose quelques clés de lecture des déclencheurs ou inhibiteurs de ces mouvements d’enquête entre théorie et pratique sur un continuum de situations d’apprentissage entre les pôles savoirs et activité en situation. L’approche est qualitative-interprétative.
A Review of Homework Literature as a Precursor to Practitioner-Led Doctoral Research in a Primary School
Authors: Rudman Nicholas Paul Charles
Published: May 2014

Homework in the primary school is a subject much debated by teachers, parents and pupils. This paper offers a brief critique of key issues in the current homework debate with particular reference to research literature, theoretical perspectives, educational policy and other professional publications. Consequently, a discourse between homework in academic literature and classroom pedagogy emerges and a number of opportunities for further research are identified. Ultimately, it is argued that whilst a range of work has been published around certain aspects of homework, many complexities remain and conclusive answers are most likely to be found only within the cultural context where the homework is actually undertaken.
A Study of Science Teachers' Homework Practices
Authors: Tas Yasemin , Vural Semra Sungur , Öztekin Ceren
Published: May 2014

This study investigates Turkish middle school science teachers' homework practices, the value teachers attach to homework and teachers' communication with parents about homework. One hundred and sixty-eight teachers completed surveys. Teachers reported to assign homework frequently: 93.4 per cent of the teachers reported that they assign homework either once a week or at the end of every class. Problem solving and doing research on a topic were the most commonly assigned homework types, while making summaries and memorizing information/formulas were the least preferred homework types. Teachers gave homework for a variety of reasons including knowledge acquisition, skill development and informing parents about child's progress. Structural equation modelling revealed that teachers were more likely to place value on homework if class size was small; teachers who placed value on homework were more likely to communicate with parents about homework and communication with parents facilitated students' homework completion.
Fire regimes and variability in aboveground woody biomass in miombo woodland
Authors: Saito Makoto , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Poulter Ben , Williams Mathew , Ciais Philippe , Bellassen Valentin , Ryan Casey M. , Yue Chao , Cadule Patricia , Peylin Philippe
Published: May 2014

This study combined a process‐based ecosystem model with a fire regime model to understand the effect of changes in fire regime and climate pattern on woody plants of miombo woodland in African savanna. Miombo woodland covers wide areas in Africa and is subject to frequent anthropogenic fires. The model was developed based on observations of tree topkill rates in individual tree size classes for fire intensity and resprouting. Using current and near‐future climate patterns, the model simulated the dynamics of miombo woodland for various fire return intervals and grass cover fractions, allowing fire intensity to be estimated. There was a significant relationship between aboveground woody biomass and long‐term fire regimes. An abrupt increase in fire intensity and/or fire frequency applied as a model forcing led to reduced long‐term average aboveground woody biomass and mean tree size. Fire intensity increased with increasing living grass biomass (which provides increased flammable fuel), thereby affecting the relationship between fire regime and tree size, creating a demographic bottleneck on the route to tree maturity. For the current fire regime in miombo woodland, with a fire return interval of about 1.6–3 years, the model‐predicted fire intensity lower than 930–1700 kW m−1 is necessary to maintain today's aboveground woody biomass under current climate conditions. Future climate change was predicted to have a significant positive effect on woody plants in miombo woodland associated with elevated CO2 concentration and warming, allowing woody plants to survive more effectively against periodic fires.
Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Food and Water: Official and Experimental Protocols
Authors: Azizoglu Reha O. , Gorski Lisa , Kathariou Sophia
Published: May 2014

Listeria monocytogenes is frequently encountered in foods but often at low concentrations and typically in the presence of other microbiota, including nonpathogenic Listeria spp. The potential of L. monocytogenes to cause severe human disease mandates sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection in foods. Isolation of L. monocytogenes from foods is critical, not only for routine surveillance, but also for epidemiologic investigations. Isolation of the pathogen from water (especially surface water used for irrigation) is similarly important, as produce has been implicated in listeriosis outbreaks and contaminated water can be involved in contamination of produce. This unit provides basic protocols for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from foods and water. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 33:9B.5.1‐9B.5.19. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyzing the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Life Cycle in Primary Keratinocytes with a Quantitative Colony‐Forming Assay
Authors: Lace Michael J. , Turek Lubomir P. , Anson James R. , Haugen Thomas H.
Published: May 2014

Papillomavirus genomes replicate as extrachromosomal plasmids within infected keratinocytes, requiring the regulated expression of early viral gene products to initially amplify the viral genomes and subvert cell growth checkpoints as part of a complex path to immortalization. Building on contemporary keratinocyte transfection and culture systems, the methods described in this unit form a detailed approach to analyzing critical events in the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle, utilizing physiologic levels of viral gene products expressed from their native promoter(s) in the natural host cells for HPV infection. A quantitative colony‐forming assay permits comparison of the capacities of various transfected HPV types and mutant HPV genomes to initially form colonies and immortalize human keratinocytes. In conjunction with additional methods, these protocols enable examination of genomic stability, viral and cellular gene expression, viral integration, and differentiation patterns influenced by HPV persistence in clonal human keratinocytes that effectively mimic early events in HPV infection. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 33:14B.2.1‐14B.2.13. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Barraquer–Simons syndrome: A rare clinical entity
Authors: Simsek‐Kiper Pelin Ozlem , Roach Emir , Utine Gulen Eda , Boduroglu Koray
Published: May 2014

The Barraquer–Simons syndrome or acquired parital lipodystrophy is a rare form of partial lipodystrophy characterized by gradual onset of bilaterally symmetrical subcutaneous fat loss from the face, neck, upper extremities, thorax, and abdomen but sparing the lower extremities. The patients gradually loose their subcutaneous fat in clearly demarcated, generally symmetric areas of the body over several years. Nephropathy, myopathy, deafness, epilepsy, and intellectual disability have also been described. Although the etiology is unknown, heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding one of the nuclear lamina proteins, lamin B2, have been reported in several patients. We here report on a young female patient affected by Barraquer–Simons syndrome, without accompanying renal or central nervous system involvement in whom DNA sequencing did not reveal any mutations in the genes LMNB2, LMNA, PPARG, AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, PTRF, PLIN1, and CIDEC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM GREATER WAX MOTH Galleria mellonella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Kara Hatibe Ertürk , Turan Yusuf , Er Aylin , Acar Mesut , Tümay Sabiha , Sinan Selma
Published: May 2014

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is one of the most ruinous pests of honeycomb in the world. Beta‐glucosidases are a type of digestive enzymes that hydrolytically catalyzes the beta‐glycosidic linkage of glycosides. Characterization of the beta‐glucosidase in G. mellonella could be a significant stage for a better comprehending of its role and establishing a safe and effective control procedure primarily against G. mellonella and also some other insect pests. Laboratory reared final instar stage larvae were randomly selected and homogenized for beta‐glucosidase activity assay and subsequent analysis. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity by salting out with ammonium sulfate and using sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐1‐naphthylamine hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purification was 58‐fold with an overall enzyme yield of 29%. The molecular mass of the protein was estimated as ca. 42 kDa. The purified beta‐glucosidase was effectively active on para/ortho‐nitrophenyl‐beta‐d‐glucopyranosides (p‐/o‐NPG) with Km values of 0.37 and 1.9 mM and Vmax values of 625 and 189 U/mg, respectively. It also exhibits different levels of activity against para‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (p‐NPF), para/ortho‐nitrophenyl β‐d‐galactopyranosides (p‐/o‐NPGal) and p‐nitrophenyl 1‐thio‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by beta‐gluconolactone and also was very tolerant to glucose against p‐NPG as substrate. The Ki and IC50 values of δ‐gluconolactone were determined as 0.021 and 0.08 mM while the enzyme was more tolerant to glucose inhibition with IC50 value of 213.13 mM for p‐NPG.
Chemoenzymatic Approach to Optically Active 4‐Hydroxy‐5‐alkylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one Derivatives: An Application of a Combined Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations to Assignment of Absolute Configuration
Authors: Frelek Jadwiga , Karchier Michał , Madej Daria , Michalak Karol , Różański Paweł , Wicha Jerzy
Published: May 2014

A series of representative optically active derivatives of 4‐hydroxy‐5‐alkylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one were prepared from the respective 2‐furyl methyl carbinols via the Piancatelli rearrangement followed by the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemates. Applicability of chiroptical methods (experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism [ECD] and vibrational circular dichroism [VCD] spectra) to determine the absolute configuration of both stereogenic centers in 4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one was demonstrated. It was also demonstrated that the concurrent application of ECD and VCD spectroscopy can be used for the determination of the configuration of two stereogenic centers. Chirality 26:300–306, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.