bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ECLIPSE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Schütz Jenerton Arlan
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo, tematiza o eclipse da família no mundo contemporâneo à luz de Fernando Savater. O momento atual, de pandemia, escancara inúmeras realidades, principalmente nas relações entre família e escola, entre pais e professores, entre conhecimento científico e senso comum, entre pais e filhos, entre tantas outras. Nessa direção, o objetivo deste artigo é o de apresentar elementos que corroboram para o que Savater denomina de “o eclipse da família”. Em suma, trata-se de apresentar as responsabilidades da família, o papel fundamental que a família possui na socialização primária das crianças (para o bem ou para o mal). E, é justamente essa precariedade que assola a socialização primária que cria um eclipse indubitável na maioria dos países, o que constitui um sério problema para a escola e os professores.
التنبؤ بالفشل المالي للمصارف الاسلامية باستخدام أنموذج Altman -	وأنموذج Springate- وأنموذجSherrod / دراسة تحليلية في المصارف الاسلامية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: Qader Aso Bahaulddin
Published: December 2020

إن الربح هدف تسعى إليه جميع المصارف لأنه يحقق لهم دخلاً جارياً ويضمن لهم البقاء والاستمرار، ومن جانب آخر مواجهة الالتزامات دون التعرض لازمة مالية, ومن هنا جاء فكرة البحث في سعيه لبناء ادوات ووسائل علمية يمكن ان تساعد ادارة المصارف على وجه الخصوص والمستثمرين والمقرضين وغيرهم من التنبؤ بالفشل المالي والكشف المبكر عن حالات الفشل المالي, وقد خرج البحث بجملة من الاستنتاجات من أهمها إن جميع المصارف الاسلامية عينة البحث في حالة امان من الفشل المالي بموجب أنموذج Altman ، بينما حسب أنموذج Springate  فإن جميع المصارف الاسلامية عينة البحث في حالة فشل مالي عدا مصرف نور العراق الاسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل (BINI) ، ووفق أنموذج Sherrod فإن وضع بعض المصارف الاسلامية عينة البحث سليمة من الناحية المالية والبعض الاخر تكون احتمالية التعرض لمخاطر الإفلاس قليلة, كما قدم البحث قيمة علمية لإدارات المصارف من خلال إنشاء وحدة إدارية متخصصة تكون عملها الرئيسي تقييم وتشخيص مواقع الخطر والفشل المالي وسبل معالجتها, فضلاً عن تقديم تقارير دورية عن حالات الفشل المالي في مرحلة مبكرة .
الطاقة المتجددة بين محدودية الاستعمال و معالجة ازمة الكهرباء في العراق
Authors: DADOOSH ALI ABDULKADHIM
Published: December 2020

تعد الطاقة الكهربائية من اهم الطاقات المتجددة والمستخدمة في العالم كما تعد المصدر الاساسي في التنمية المستدامة والتطور الاقتصادي عن طريق استخدامها في (الانتاج والنقل والتوزيع) ، وفي العراق عانى قطاع الطاقة الكهربائية من مشاكل ومعوقات كثيرة ، اذ ان توفير التيار الكهربائي يعد من ابرز المصاعب والتحديات التي واجهتها الحكومات المتعاقبة والسكان منذ مطلع التسعينات من القرن الماضي وما زالت مستمرة ، وان العراق تتوفر فيه كافة الظروف المناخية لتطوير عمل منظومة الكهرباء من الطاقات المتجددة كالطاقة الشمسية والكهرومائية ، فضلا عن حقول الغاز التي اصبحت الركيزة الاساسية في عمليات توليد الكهرباء في العالم ، لاسيما وان – الغاز الطبيعي – يعتبر من الطاقات الصديقة للبيئة ومجدي من الناحية الاقتصادية والمالية في البلاد ، وقد توصل البحث الى ان الطاقات المتجددة كالشمسية والكهرومائية وغيرها لها اثر كبير على التطورات في مختلف المجالات كونها لا تنضب وفي نفس الوقت تعد من الطاقات الصديقة للبيئة ، ولها عدة مميزات اهمها انها طاقة اقتصادية توفير فرص عمل للعاطلين بالتالي فأنها تخفف من حدة البطالة ، كما ان الطاقة الكهربائية تعد من اهم الطاقات المستخدمة في العالم كما انها المصدر الاساسي في عملية التنمية المستدامة والتطور الاقتصادي في العالم .
توظيف البرمجة الهدفية متعددة الخيارات لتقليل تكاليف الخزين والعجز لوحدات الدم في مراكز العناية الصحية
Authors: Ali Ali Hussein , Saleh Faten Farouk
Published: December 2020

تم التطرق الى استعمل البرمجة الهدفية متعددة الخيارات Multi-choice Goal Programming   (MCGP) وهي إنموذج مطور من البرمجة الهدفية حيث تستخدم في ظل تعدد وتعارض الاهداف عند الاختيار بين بدائل القرار في حالات تخصيص الموارد كما انها إنموذج يسعى الى أيجاد اقرب واحسن الحلول الى القيم المحددة للأهداف بمستوى الطموح، حيث ان الهدف الاول في نموذج البرمجة الهدفية متعددة الخيارات المستعمل سعي الى تقليل مجموع كلفتي الخزين، العجز، اما الهدف الاخر كان  تقليل الفرق بين الطلب الحقيقي الذي تحتاجه المستشفيات من مركز نقل الدم وبين الكميات التي تم طلبها بالفعل. وقد تم أخذ المركز العراقي لنقل الدم (ICFBT) واثنين من المستشفيات التي يزوّدها بمنتج الدم الواقعة في بغداد وبعد حلّ النموذج المقترح من خلال تطبيق البرنامج (LINGO) للوصول الى النتائج وتم تحديد أقل قيمة لدالة الهدف التي تبين انها بمقدار (29361.9)، وذلك لعدم تحقق الاهداف المطموح لها حيث ان الانحراف الاول للهدف الاول الخاص بكلفتي الخزين والعجز كان بمقدار(86424) دولا والانحراف الثاني للهدف الثاني الخاص بكمية العجز كان بمقدار(830) Unit.
Higijena držanja i zdravlje stada mliječnih krava
Authors: Prpić Maja , Matković Kristina , Sabolek Ivana , Pavičić Željko , Ostović Mario
Published: December 2020

Prevencija bolesti na razini stada dobiva sve više na važnosti. Tako je osmišljen koncept planiranja i upravljanja zdravljem stada, uključujući mliječne krave, čijim se preventivnim mjerama nastoje očuvati zdravlje i dobrobit životinja te dobra proizvodnost. Stoga higijena držanja životinja ima krucijalnu ulogu u konceptu zdravlja stada, uključujući smještaj i mikroklimatske uvjete, njegu životinja, higijenu hrane i vode te biosigurnost na farmama. Suradnja između doktora veterinarske medicine i stočara od iznimne je važnosti. Doktori veterinarske medicine svojim znanjem, savjetima, praćenjem stada i edukacijom stočara pomažu u očuvanju zdravlja i proizvodnosti životinja, profitabilnosti proizvodnje i kvalitete proizvoda.
Introducción
Authors: González Sánchez Candela
Published: December 2020

Reflexionamos sobre el papel de las redes sociales en la construcción de discursos e imaginarios culturales. La mediación comunicativa no es determinante en la percepción social de la realidad, que pasa por otros filtros propios que tienen que ver con la experiencia de cada una/o. Sabemos que las personas reelaboramos los mensajes y construimos nuestro propio imaginario a partir de los medios, pero no solo, también a partir de nuestra formación, de las relaciones que establecemos con el entorno, de nuestra mayor o menor sensibilidad o de la capacidad de percibir que tengamos.
El Museo Cerralbo explora vías de comunicación novedosas durante 2020
Authors: Desantes Cecilia Casas , Ramos San Pedro Demian
Published: December 2020

El Museo Cerralbo lleva años realizando propuestas innovadoras y ofreciendo una imagen moderna y actual de una casa-museo del siglo XIX. Iniciativas recientes como su concurso Instaguerrotipo o su podcast Radio 19 son buenos ejemplos de la intensa actividad virtual de este museo madrileño.
Anthropometric characteristics of 8-14 years old children in three Russian cities
Authors: Gritsinskaya V. L. , Novikova V. P. , Gladkaya V. S.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to assess and compare the main anthropometric characteristics of children aged 8 to 14 years living in three northern cities. Methods. The consisted of schoolchildren living in St. Petersburg (n = 4 621), Surgut (n = 3 606) and Novy Urengoy (n = 1 101). Indigenous ethnic groups were not included. Body weight and height were measured. Arithmetic means (M), standard deviations (SD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Between-groups comparisons were performed by independent-samples t-tests. The level of significance was set as 0,017 using Bonferroni correction. Results. Schoolchildren in Surgut were taller in most age- and gender groups than their counterparts from St. Petersburg. Significant differences in height were observed among 8, 9 and 11 year-olds (p = 0.001 p = 0.015). In weight the differences were observed among 11 and 14 years old (p = 0.004 ÷ 0.006). Significant differences between children in Surgut and Novy Urengoy were observed for body length among 8, 9, 11, 13 and 14 year-olds (p
Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms in the main cities of the Siberian federal district
Authors: Choynzonov E. L. , Zhuikova L. D. , Ananina O. A. , Odinstova I. N. , Valkov M. Yu. , Pikalova L. V.
Published: December 2020

The aim: To analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the main cities of the Siberian Federal District of Russia. Methods: Data were collected from annual forms of the Federal Statistical Monitoring N 7 "Information about Malignant Neoplasms" for the cities of Gorno-Altaisk, Ulan-Ude, Abakan, Barnaul, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk. Main epidemiological indicators were calculated by gender for the period from 2004-2018. Results. In 2018, 31 636 cases of cancer were registered in the cities which accounts for 39.9 % of the total number of the malignant neoplasms in whole District. The most common malignancies in male population were lung cancer (16.3 %), prostate cancer (12.5 %), skin melanoma (12.1 %), colorectal cancer (11.7 %) and stomach cancer (7.1 %). Among women, breast cancer (21.5 %), skin melanoma (17.3 %), colorectal cancer (11.5 %), uterine cancer (6.4 %) and cervical cancer (5.0 %) were the most common malignancies. Standardized rates of the increased overall cancer incidence from 271,0 to 287,2 %000 during the study period. The highest standardized incidence rate was observed in the cities of Ulan-Ude (267.9 %000), Chita (253.6 %000), Krasnoyarsk (308.2 %000) and Omsk (305.9 %000). According to prediction model, the cancer incidence may increase to 307.4 %000 by 2025. Conclusion. Urban population of Siberia has high incidence of malignant neoplasms. The incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years and may further increase by 2025 if no measures are taken.
Distinctive features of cascad hydraulic units location in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: Пастухов Сергей Михайлович , Османов Хикмет Сабирович
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To analyze the reservoir fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan and to establish the distinctive features of the location of artificial water bodies along the hydrological network.

Methods. Theoretical analysis of the distribution of artificial water bodies along the largest rivers of the Republic of Azerbaijan taking into account their geographical and hydromorphological features.

Findings. The analysis of the location of artificial water bodies in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan and neighboring states has been carried out. Distinctive features of the cascade of waterworks on the Kura river have been identified. The substantiation of the need to develop a methodology for assessing the risk of emergencies at the specified cascade of hydroelectric complexes, taking into account their distinctive features is given.

Application field of research. The presented results can be used in the field of ensuring the safety of hydrotechnical pressure front structures when carrying out the probabilistic and deterministic assessment of risk of emergencies on them.
Desarrollo de Instrumentos Virtuales en Excel como Apoyo a la Enseñanza de la Metrología
Authors: Orué Matías Waldino , Banegas Juan Marcos , Cámara Edgardo
Published: December 2020

La tecnología como medio para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, ya sea a través del contacto físico en el aula o laboratorio, o por medio de sistemas virtuales en línea, tiene una potencialidad altamente positiva, haciendo posible profundizar la capacidad de asimilación de conceptos dando una nueva dimensión al aprendizaje significativo. En este trabajo, se exploran diferentes tecnologías útiles para la capacitación en metrología, y se realizan propuestas para el desarrollo de diferentes instrumentos virtuales en planillas Excel, como un recurso de fácil acceso por su masiva distribución en los ambientes educativos. Esta herramienta demostró su versatilidad tanto para el profesor como para el alumno, y su portabilidad permite una fácil migración entre diferentes plataformas con un simple intercambio de archivos. Cabe aclarar que el software utilizado para el desarrollo de los instrumentos virtuales ocupa un lugar privilegiado en la práctica metrológica dentro de los laboratorios de calibración, haciéndolo extremadamente competitivo, incluso frente a sus competidores gratuitos.
Metodología Matemática-Algorítmica de Programación de Operaciones Aplicada a Caso de Estudio de Escala Industrial
Authors: Zuffiaurre Santiago , Marchetti Pablo Andrés
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para la programación de operaciones de procesos “batch” en instalaciones multiproducto multietapa. El modelo matemático empleado es de tipo mixto-entero lineal (MILP) y utiliza una representación de ranuras de tiempo (“time slots”). El modelo se complementa con un algoritmo iterativo, basado en la resolución de una secuencia de subproblemas, que permite identificar y fijar la programación de la etapa cuello de botella en cada paso. La metodología propuesta apunta a obtener soluciones de buena calidad para problemas de escala industrial en tiempos de cómputo razonables. Fue aplicada a un caso de estudio real de la industria farmacéutica, que involucra la programación de 30 productos en una planta de 6 etapas y 17 equipos. Si bien no garantiza la optimalidad de la solución hallada, a diferencia de otros aportes de tipo heurístico provee una cota inferior rigurosa para medir la calidad de la solución.
Factores que Influyen en la Decisión de Ingreso a la Universidad
Authors: Coria María Marta
Published: December 2020

El trabajo investiga los factores que influyen en la decisión de comenzar estudios de educación superior y analiza el caso de la Extensión Áulica San Martín de los Andes de la Facultad Regional del Neuquén de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Se realizó una encuesta para recabar información sobre las características socioeconómicas de los estudiantes, los motivos para ingresar a la universidad y sus expectativas futuras. Los resultados muestran que las principales motivaciones para estudiar corresponden a factores instrumentales vinculados con el deseo y la necesidad de contar con un título de educación superior y a cuestiones psicosociales, en particular, el ideario de la educación superior como medio para lograr la movilidad social y conseguir mejores oportunidades laborales. También ponen de manifiesto la relevancia de contar con ofertas educativas locales en contextos donde prima una baja movilidad estudiantil por motivos económicos, familiares o idiosincráticos.
Bioamplificador de Alta Resolución para Electroencefalografía de Amplio Espectro
Authors: Dugarte Jerez Nelson , Alvarez Abril Antonio , Dugarte Dugarte Edison Del Carmen , Alvarado Riviera Negman Walmore
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de la etapa de hardware de un bioamplificador multicanal, de alta resolución y bajo ruido, diseñado para adquirir 8 canales de las señales de biopotencial emitidas por el cerebro humano. Básicamente es un electroencefalógrafo (EEG) de 8 derivaciones, pero diseñado para captar las señales con ancho de banda ampliado, en comparación con los EEG comunes. Este bioamplificador se realiza con el propósito de adquirir señales de sectores específicos del cerebro, para estudiar patrones de frecuencia superiores a los rangos comúnmente analizados en la electroencefalografía convencional. El producto obtenido está formado por 8 circuitos idénticos acoplados para captar todas las señales con respecto a un electrodo central. Cada circuito consiste en un amplificador diferencial con circuitos de realimentación del voltaje en modo común, que permiten mejorar la relación de rechazo al ruido. Se utilizan circuitos de acoplamiento AC de alta eficiencia para reducción del corrimiento de línea de base sin alterar la señal. Cada derivación tiene ganancia de 10000, para obtener niveles de amplitud en el orden de Volts a partir de las señales captadas en el orden de los micro-Volts. Los resultados preliminares muestran que el sistema funciona eficientemente dentro de un rango de 0.5 a 300 Hz, con niveles de error en la medición de amplitud inferiores al 0.14%.
Evaluación del Lodo Rojo Activado como Catalizador Heterogéneo en Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada con Radiación Solar para la Degradación de Aguas Agrias Petroleras.
Authors: Centeno-Bordones Guillermo José , Jiménez Ygmar
Published: December 2020

La investigación estudió el potencial catalítico de los lodos rojos activados en la degradación de efluentes (aguas agrias) provenientes del proceso de mejoramiento de crudos pesados y extrapesados tratados mediante procesos de oxidación avanzada utilizando radicación solar. Sé aplicó un diseño de experimentos factorial 22 con dos puntos al centro. Se aplicaron técnicas analíticas al efluente como DQO, TPH, Conductividad, pH, concentración de sulfuros, concentración de sulfatos, cloruros, ICP-MS, IC. Para la identificación de compuesto orgánicos se aplicó una microextracción es fase sólida y luego una GC-MS. Los sólidos se analizaron mediante DRX, FTIR, y LECO carbono/azufre. El POA permitió obtener resultados en la disminución de la DQO en un 88,95% y de TPH en 100%, logrando también disminuir la concentración de sulfuro en un 99,99%. Se concluyó que la reacción se realiza vía catálisis heterogénea y que la sorción de carbono en el catalizador es menor al 0,2 %.
Current understanding of primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi
Published: December 2020

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) causes chronic and persistent cholestasis in the liver, eventually resulting in cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment. PBC mainly develops in middle-aged women, but it is also common in young women and men. PBC is considered a model of autoimmune disease because of the presence of diseasespecific autoantibodies, that is, antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), intense infiltration of mononuclear cells into the bile ducts, and a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases such as comorbidities. Histologically, PBC is characterized by degeneration and necrosis of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells surrounded by a dense infiltration of mononuclear cells, coined as chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis, which leads to destructive changes and the disappearance of small- or medium-sized bile ducts. Since 1990, early diagnosis with the detection of AMAs and introduction of ursodeoxycholic acid as first-line treatment has greatly altered the clinical course of PBC, and liver transplantation-free survival of patients with PBC is now comparable to that of the general population.
Perhitungan Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC) pada Rumpin Airfield, Berdasarkan Regulasi International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Kusumoaji Danartomo , Aziz Abdul , Rusmin Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC) pada landasan pacu rumpin. Maksud dari ARC atau kode referensi adalah menyediakan suatu metode sederhana untuk menghubungkan beberapa spesifikasi yang mengacu pada karakteristik dari Bandar Udara (Bandara), sehingga di dapatkan sejumlah fasilitas Bandara yang cocok bagi pasawat terbang yang akan dioperasikan. ARC didapatkan dari dua buah elemen yang berhubungan dengan karakteristik performansi dan dimensi pesawat terbang. Dimana penelitian perhitungan ARC ini menggunakan peraturan atau prosedur dari International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - Annex 14 Vol.1 Aerodrome Design and Operations dibutuhkan beberapa data seperti koreksi ketinggian (elevasi), koreksi temperature, koreksi kemiringan landasan pacu hingga nilai dari Aeroplane Reference Field Length (ARFL). Hasil perhitungan dari penelitian ini adalah ARC untuk bandara udara dan/atau landasan pacu Rumpin yaitu 2B dengan arti, angka 2 menunjukkan bahwa ARFL berada pada angka 800-1200 dan huruf B menyatakan bentangan sayap sekitar 15-24 meter.
Residency and movement patterns of Cuvier’s beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA
Authors: Foley HJ , Pacifici K , Baird RW , Webster DL , Swaim ZT , Read AJ
Published: December 2020

Cuvier’s beaked whalesZiphius cavirostrisare wide-ranging, deep-diving cetaceans that are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise. Current stock assessments assume a single population in the western North Atlantic Ocean, but knowledge of the residency patterns and distribution of the species is currently lacking in the region. Here we describe the spatial ecology of 20 Cuvier’s beaked whales equipped with satellite-linked tags off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, between 2014 and 2017. We applied a hierarchical switching state-space model to filter location estimates and define behavioral states of area-restricted search (ARS) and transit. We used kernel density estimation to identify high use areas, and net squared displacement analyses to assess residency. The vast majority (96%) of locations were classified as ARS behavior, suggesting that tagged whales allocated much of their time to foraging. Maximum net displacement had a sample median of 50 km, and 81% of individual whales were classified as demonstrating a resident, or ‘home range,’ movement pattern. Overall, our research indicates a localized population of Cuvier’s beaked whales occupying the area off Cape Hatteras. The tagged animals demonstrated a small, defined core use area and exhibited little displacement from the region. These patterns of movement and spatial use can inform future conservation and management of this species, which is vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances caused by several sources, including mid-frequency active sonar and seismic exploration.
INFLUENCE OF REGULATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON ASSET MANAGEMENT IN THE GOVERNMENT OF EAST ACEH DISTRICT
Authors: Azhar Iqlima , Safuridar Safuridar , Syardiansah Syardiansah
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of regulations and information systems on asset management in the East Aceh District Government. The research was carried out on employees of the goods section of the East Aceh District Government Offices. Data collection was carried out through primary data, namely by distributing questionnaires to each respondent. Determination of the sample used in this study is the census method with a total sample of 44 people. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between regulation and information systems on asset management. This is indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.773 or 77.3% of asset management is influenced by regulations and information systems, while the remaining 23% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.
Biosynthesis of Fatty Alcohols in Engineered Microbial Cell Factories: Advances and Limitations
Authors: Krishnan Anagha , McNeil Bonnie A. , Stuart David T.
Published: December 2020

Concerns about climate change and environmental destruction have led to interest in technologies that can replace fossil fuels and petrochemicals with compounds derived from sustainable sources that have lower environmental impact. Fatty alcohols produced by chemical synthesis from ethylene or by chemical conversion of plant oils have a large range of industrial applications. These chemicals can be synthesized through biological routes but their free forms are produced in trace amounts naturally. This review focuses on how genetic engineering of endogenous fatty acid metabolism and heterologous expression of fatty alcohol producing enzymes have come together resulting in the current state of the field for production of fatty alcohols by microbial cell factories. We provide an overview of endogenous fatty acid synthesis, enzymatic methods of conversion to fatty alcohols and review the research to date on microbial fatty alcohol production. The primary focus is on work performed in the model microorganisms,Escherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiaebut advances made with cyanobacteria and oleaginous yeasts are also considered. The limitations to production of fatty alcohols by microbial cell factories are detailed along with consideration to potential research directions that may aid in achieving viable commercial scale production of fatty alcohols from renewable feedstock.
Proteome-Wide Alterations of Asymmetric Arginine Dimethylation Associated With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Pathogenesis
Authors: Wei Meijin , Tan Chaochao , Tang Zhouqin , Lian Yingying , Huang Ying , Chen Yi , Chen Congwei , Zhou Wen , Cai Tao , Hu Jiliang
Published: December 2020

Arginine methylation catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) performs essential roles in regulating cancer initiation and progression, but its implication in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires further elucidation. In this study, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-containing peptides in PDAC cell line PANC-1 were identified by label-free quantitative proteomics combined with affinity purification, using human non-cancerous pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line HPDE6c7 as the control. In total, 289 ADMA sites in 201 proteins were identified in HPDE6c7 and PANC-1 cells, including 82 sites with lower dimethylation and 37 sites with higher dimethylation in PANC-1 cells compared with HPDE6c7 cells. These ADMA-containing peptides demonstrated significant enrichment of glycine and proline residues in both cell lines. Importantly, leucine residues were significantly enriched in ADMA-containing peptides identified only in HPDE6c7 cells or showing lower dimethylation in PANC-1 cells. ADMA-containing proteins were significantly enriched in multiple biological processes and signaling cascades associated with cancer development, such as spliceosome machinery, the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Moreover, PDAC cell lines with enhanced cell viability showed lower PRMT4 protein abundance and global ADMA-containing protein levels compared with HPDE6c7. PRMT4 overexpression partially recovered ADMA-containing protein levels and repressed viability in PANC-1 cells. These results revealed significantly altered ADMA-containing protein profiles in human pancreatic carcinoma cells, which provided a basis for elucidating the pathogenic roles of PRMT-mediated protein methylation in pancreatic cancer.
Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Wang Wenshuang , Shi Liran , Qin Yong , Li Fuchuan
Published: December 2020

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.
MicroRNA-221/222 Mediates ADSC-Exosome-Induced Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion by Targeting PUMA and ETS-1
Authors: Lai Tsai-Chun , Lee Tzu-Lin , Chang Yu-Chun , Chen Yu-Chen , Lin Shu-Rung , Lin Shu-Wha , Pu Chi-Ming , Tsai Jaw-Shiun , Chen Yuh-Lien
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in industrialized and developing countries and is the leading cause of death and disability. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes cardiomyocyte damage such as apoptosis and hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exo) on hearts from I/R mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. ADSC-Exo significantly decreased I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy, as detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, respectively. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins p-p53 and PUMA and hypertrophy-related proteins ETS-1 and ANP were significantly reduced in the cardiomyocytes of ADSC-Exo-treated I/R mice compared to those of control mice. Both PUMA and ETS-1 are reported to be target genes for miR-221/222. I/R operation significantly reduced miR-221/222 expression, while ADSC-Exo treatment increased miR-221/222 expression, as detected by RT-qPCR. We also observed that cardiac I/R operation markedly increased cell apoptosis and hypertrophy in miR-221/222 knockout (KO) mice, while ADSC-Exo reduced the effects of I/R operation. Furthermore, ADSC-Exo protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced damage by reducing apoptosis and hypertrophy in vitro. H2O2 treatment significantly reduced miR-221/222 expression, while ADSC-Exo treatment reversed this effect in H9c2 cells. ADSC-Exo treatment decreased H2O2-induced PUMA and ETS-1 expression. Compared with control treatment, I/R treatment significantly reduced p-AKT and increased p-p65, while ADSC-Exo and miR-221/222 mimics attenuated these effects. The AKT activator SC79 and p65 inhibitor Bay 11-7082 reduced H2O2-induced cell apoptosis and hypertrophy. Based on these findings, ADSC-Exo prevents cardiac I/R injury through the miR-221/miR-222/PUMA/ETS-1 pathway. Therefore, ADSC-Exo is an effective inhibitor of I/R-induced heart injury.
Transcriptome Response and Spatial Pattern of Gene Expression in the Primate Subventricular Zone Neurogenic Niche After Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Chongtham Monika C. , Wang Haifang , Thaller Christina , Hsiao Nai-Hua , Vachkov Ivan H. , Pavlov Stoyan P. , Williamson Lorenz H. , Yamashima Tetsumori , Stoykova Anastassia , Yan Jun , Eichele Gregor , Tonchev Anton B.
Published: December 2020

The main stem cell niche for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain is the subventricular zone (SVZ) that extends along the cerebral lateral ventricles. We aimed at characterizing the initial molecular responses of the macaque monkey SVZ to transient, global cerebral ischemia. We microdissected tissue lining the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle (SVZa) from 7 day post-ischemic and sham-operated monkeys. Transcriptomics shows that in ischemic SVZa, 541 genes were upregulated and 488 genes were down-regulated. The transcription data encompassing the upregulated genes revealed a profile typical for quiescent stem cells and astrocytes. In the primate brain the SVZ is morphologically subdivided in distinct and separate ependymal and subependymal regions. The subependymal contains predominantly neural stem cells (NSC) and differentiated progenitors. To determine in which SVZa region ischemia had evoked transcriptional upregulation, sections through control and ischemic SVZa were analyzed by high-throughputin situhybridization for a total of 150 upregulated genes shown in thewww.monkey-niche.orgimage database. The majority of the differentially expressed genes mapped to the subependymal layers on the striatal or callosal aspect of the SVZa. Moreover, a substantial number of upregulated genes was expressed in the ependymal layer, implicating a contribution of the ependyma to stem cell biology. The transcriptome analysis yielded several novel gene markers for primate SVZa including the apelin receptor that is strongly expressed in the primate SVZa niche upon ischemic insult.
The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Elsakrmy Noha , Zhang-Akiyama Qiu-Mei , Ramotar Dindial
Published: December 2020

Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway functions to repair single-base DNA lesions and during the process creates the premutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. In this review, we discuss the components of the BER pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and delineate the different phenotypes caused by the deletion or the knockdown of the respective DNA repair gene, as well as the implications. To date, two DNA glycosylases have been identified in C. elegans, the monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase-1 (UNG-1) and the bifunctional endonuclease III-1 (NTH-1) with associated AP lyase activity. In addition, the animal possesses two AP endonucleases belonging to the exonuclease-3 and endonuclease IV families and in C. elegans these enzymes are called EXO-3 and APN-1, respectively. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase, Pol beta, that is required to reinsert the correct bases for DNA repair synthesis is not found in the genome of C. elegans and the evidence indicates that this role could be substituted by DNA polymerase theta (POLQ), which is known to perform a function in the microhomology-mediated end-joining pathway in human cells. The phenotypes observed by the C. elegans mutant strains of the BER pathway raised many challenging questions including the possibility that the DNA glycosylases may have broader functional roles, as discuss in this review.
SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health
Authors: Ro Seung-Hyun , Fay Julianne , Cyuzuzo Cesar I. , Jang Yura , Lee Naeun , Song Hyun-Seob , Harris Edward N.
Published: December 2020

Proper timely management of various external and internal stresses is critical for metabolic and redox homeostasis in mammals. In particular, dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) triggered from metabolic stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental and genotoxic stress are well-known culprits leading to chronic metabolic disease conditions in humans. Sestrins are one of the metabolic and environmental stress-responsive groups of proteins, which solely have the ability to regulate both mTORC activity and ROS levels in cells, tissues and organs. While Sestrins are originally reported as one of several p53 target genes, recent studies have further delineated the roles of this group of stress-sensing proteins in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, and redox-function in metabolic disease and aging. In this review, we discuss recent studies that investigated and manipulated Sestrins-mediated stress signaling pathways in metabolic and environmental health. Sestrins as an emerging dynamic group of stress-sensor proteins are drawing a spotlight as a preventive or therapeutic mechanism in both metabolic stress-associated pathologies and aging processes at the same time.
Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton Within Apical and Subapical Regions of Pollen Tubes
Authors: Xu Yanan , Huang Shanjin
Published: December 2020

In flowering plants, sexual reproduction involves a double fertilization event, which is facilitated by the delivery of two non-motile sperm cells to the ovule by the pollen tube. Pollen tube growth occurs exclusively at the tip and is extremely rapid. It strictly depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton, and is therefore an excellent model for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic actin cytoskeleton remodeling. There has been a long-term debate about the organization and dynamics of actin filaments within the apical and subapical regions of pollen tube tips. By combining state-of-the-art live-cell imaging with the usage of mutants which lack different actin-binding proteins, our understanding of the origin, spatial organization, dynamics and regulation of actin filaments within the pollen tube tip has greatly improved. In this review article, we will summarize the progress made in this area.
The Role of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Xu Jing-Li , Yuan Li , Tang Yan-Cheng , Xu Zhi-Yuan , Xu Han-Dong , Cheng Xiang-Dong , Qin Jiang-Jiang
Published: December 2020

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Drug resistance is the main inevitable and vital factor leading to a low 5-year survival rate for patients with gastric cancer. Autophagy, as a highly conserved homeostatic pathway, is mainly regulated by different proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and plays dual roles in drug resistance of gastric cancer. Thus, targeting key regulatory nodes in the process of autophagy by small molecule inhibitors or activators has become one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of gastric cancer in recent years. In this review, we provide a systematic summary focusing on the relationship between autophagy and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer. We comprehensively discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of multiple proteins and the emerging ncRNAs including miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy pathways and gastric cancer chemoresistance. We also summarize the regulatory effects of autophagy inhibitor and activators on gastric cancer chemoresistance. Understanding the vital roles of autophagy in gastric cancer chemoresistance will provide novel opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
Regulator Network Analysis of Rice and Maize Yield-Related Genes
Authors: Chen Zheng , Shen Zijie , Xu Lei , Zhao Da , Zou Quan
Published: December 2020

Rice and maize are the principal food crop species worldwide. The mechanism of gene regulation for the yield of rice and maize is still the research focus at present. Seed size, weight and shape are important traits of crop yield in rice and maize. Most members of three gene families, APETALA2/ethylene response factor, auxin response factors and MADS, were identified to be involved in yield traits in rice and maize. Analysis of molecular regulation mechanisms related to yield traits provides theoretical support for the improvement of crop yield. Genetic regulatory network analysis can provide new insights into gene families with the improvement of sequencing technology. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships and the genetic regulatory network for the gene family members to predicted genes that may be involved in yield-related traits in rice and maize. The results may provide some theoretical and application guidelines for future investigations of molecular biology, which may be helpful for developing new rice and maize varieties with high yield traits.
Cardiovascular Anthropometry: What Is Best Suited for Large-Scale Population Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Agbo Hadiza A. , Zoakah Ayuba I. , Isichei Christian O. , Sagay Atiene S. , Achenbach Chad J. , Okeahialam Basil N.
Published: December 2020

Background :Body mass index (BMI) measures overweight/obesity. It, however, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), misclassifies cardiometabolic risk. Central obesity measures are superior. We therefore sought to compare BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal height (AH) in predicting cardiovascular disease risk in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods :Subjects had blood pressures, BMI, and WHR determined. Blood pressure was taken, weight and height measured to generate BMI, and AH measured with a new locally fabricated abdominometer. The ability of the anthropometric indices in identifying abnormal individuals needing intervention was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve.

Results :Adults totaling 1,508 (728 M/780 F) adults were studied. For BMI, 985 (65.3%) were normal, while 375 (24.9%), consisting of 233 males and 142 females, had normal WHR. Blood pressure was normal in 525 (34.8%) and 317 (21.0%) for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. Using BMI as gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for WHR in males were 80.7, 37.5, 62.5, and 19.3%, respectively. For females and in the same order, they were 62.0, 34.3, 65.7, and 38.0%. For AH, it was equal in both genders at 82.6, 39.2, 60.8, and 17.4%. By receiver operating curves comparing AH, WHR, and BMI against blood pressure detection, the area under the curve was 0.745, 0.604, and 0.554 for AH, BMI, and WHR, respectively.

Conclusion :Abdominometer-derived AH has a better sensitivity and greater area under the receiver operator curve compared with BMI and WHR in this sub-Sahara African population; implying superiority as a cardiovascular anthropometric index.
Larch Cellulose Shows Significantly Depleted Hydrogen Isotope Values With Respect to Evergreen Conifers in Contrast to Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes
Authors: Arosio Tito , Ziehmer-Wenz Malin Michelle , Nicolussi Kurt , Schlüchter Christian , Leuenberger Markus
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the stable isotope of the tree-ring cellulose is an important tool for paleo climatic investigations. Long tree-ring chronologies consist predominantly of oaks and conifers in Europe, including larch trees (Larix decidua) and cembran pines (Pinus cembra) that form very long tree ring chronologies in the Alps and grow at the treeline, where tree growth is mainly determined by temperature variations. We analyzed δ13C, δ18O and δ2H isotopes in the cellulose extracted from tree-rings of wood samples collected at high altitude in the Swiss and Tyrol Alps, covering the whole Holocene period. We found that larch cellulose was remarkably more depleted in deuterium than that of cembran pine, with mean δ2H values of −113.4 ± 9.7‰ for larch and of −65.4 ± 11.3‰ for cembran pine. To verify if these depleted values were specific to larch or a property of the deciduous conifers, we extended the analysis to samples from various living conifer species collected at the Bern Botanical Garden. The results showed that not only the larch, but also all the samples of the deciduous larch family had a cellulose composition that was highly depleted in δ2H with regard to the other evergreen conifers including cembran pine, a difference that we attribute to a faster metabolism of the deciduous conifers. The δ18O values were not statistically different among the species, in agreement with the hypothesis that they are primary signals of the source water. While the δ13C values were slightly more depleted for larch than for cembran pine, likely due to metabolic differences of the two species. We conclude that the deciduous larch conifers have specific metabolic hydrogen fractionations and that the larch unique signature of δ2H is useful to recognize it from other conifers in subfossil wood samples collected for paleoclimatic studies. For climate information the absolute δ2H values of larch should be considered carefully and separate from other species.
Holocene Hydroclimate Variability and Vegetation Response in the Ethiopian Highlands (Lake Dendi)
Authors: Jaeschke Andrea , Thienemann Matthias , Schefuß Enno , Urban Jonas , Schäbitz Frank , Wagner Bernd , Rethemeyer Janet
Published: December 2020

Northern Africa’s past climate is characterized by a prolonged humid period known as the African Humid Period (AHP), giving origin to the “Green Sahara” and supporting human settlements into areas that are now desert. The spatial and temporal extent of climate change associated with the AHP is, however, subject to ongoing debate. Uncertainties arise from the complex nature of African climate, which is controlled by the strength and interactions of different monsoonal systems, resulting in meridional shifts in rainfall belts and zonal movements of the Congo Air Boundary. Here, we examine a ∼12,500-years record of hydroclimate variability from Lake Dendi located in the Ethiopian highlands based on a combination of plant-wax-specific hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes. In addition, pollen data from the same sediment core are used to investigate the response of the regional vegetation to changing climate. Our δD record indicates high precipitation during peak AHP (ca. 10 to 8 ka BP) followed by a gradual transition toward a drier late Holocene climate. Likewise, vegetation cover changed from predominant grassland toward an arid montane forest dominated by Juniperus and Podocarpus accompanied by a general reduction of understory grasses. This trend is corroborated by δ13C values pointing to an increased contribution of C3 plants during the mid-to late Holocene. Peak aridity occurred around 2 ka BP, followed by a return to a generally wetter climate possibly linked to enhanced Indian Ocean Monsoon strength. During the last millennium, increased anthropogenic activity, i.e., deforestation and agriculture is indicated by the pollen data, in agreement with intensified human impact recorded for the region. The magnitude of δD change (40‰) between peak wet conditions and late Holocene aridity is in line with other regional δD records of East Africa influenced by the CAB. The timing and pace of aridification parallels those of African and Indian monsoon records indicating a gradual response to local insolation change. Our new record combining plant-wax δD and δ13C values with pollen highlights the sensitive responses of the regional vegetation to precipitation changes in the Ethiopian highlands.
Paleo-Seismicity in the Euganean Hills Province (Northeast Italy): Constraints From Geomechanical and Geophysical Tests in the Schio-Vicenza Fault Area
Authors: Martin Silvana , Fedrizzi Fabio , Boaga Jacopo , Cenni Nicola , Agnini Claudia , Cortellazzo Giampaolo , Rossato Sandro
Published: December 2020

Gouges and cataclasites within exhumed fault zones are valuable indicators of past seismic events. Gouge layers, 40- to 100-cm-thick and decameters long, have been found within uplifted Cretaceous limestones in the Euganean Hills (SW of Padova, NE Italy), Cenozoic subvolcanic chambers intruded within a Meso-Cenozoic sequence. The main tectonic lineament in the area is the Schio-Vicenza Fault that bounds the Euganean Hills to the East. Micropaleontological analyses reveal that the gouges derive from the fragmentation and pulverization of the adjacent pristine carbonatic rocks. Stress tests on specimens from bedrock associated with gouges yielded a minimum dissipated strain energy of 0.3–0.5 MJ/m3to shatter them. Henceforth, additional strain energy was necessary to pulverize these rocks within the gouge zones. Global navigation satellite system observations show that the present deformation pattern in this region of Italy is a few tens of nanostrain (10–30 1/y), not enough to generate such gouge layers. Therefore, the seismicity of the Euganean Hills (currently M ≤5) must be reconsidered in the light of the Schio-Vicenza Fault past activity. The gouges may imply that the Schio-Vicenza Fault had a more intense activity in the past, or this area was affected by remote events or tectonic structures. This article provides new clues on the evolution of the tectonic and morphological setting of the area, with relevant consequences on seismic risk assessment of the nearby urbanized area, including the cities of Padova and Vicenza.