bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new approach to increase land reclamation rate in coal mining subsidence area: A case study of Guqiao Coal Mine, China
Authors: LI Gensheng , Shang Jianxuan , Hu Zhenqi , Yuan Dongzhu , Li Pengyu , Feng Zhanjie , He Yibo , Wang Wenjuan
Published: September 2021

Underground coal mining will inevitably cause land ponding in high
groundwater table, which will affect the land sustainable development.
However, the traditional reclamation (TR) is poor in land rate. Thus,
finding a suitable reclamation approach is crucial to alleviate the
conflicts between coal exploitation and land protection. In this paper,
taking Guqiao Coal Mine of China was seriously affected by
mining-induced ponding as an example. Firstly, dynamic distribution of
surface subsidence and land damage from 2007 to 2017 was revealed base
on concurrent mining and reclamation (CMR). Second, the land-water
layout of five reclamation schemes (no reclamation, TR, CMR I, CMR II
and CMR III) were simulated. Then, and the dynamic filling elevation
model and filling thickness model were constructed. Finally, the
sequence of earthwork allocation was optimized. The results revealed
that: 1) reclaimed land area: CMR III > CMR II
> CMR I > TR > no reclamation; 2)
The digging depth is directly proportional to earthwork volume and land
area, and inversely proportional to water area, but with increase of
digging depth, the increase in the reclaimed land area relatively slowed
down; 3) CMRs had reclaimed 426.31~637.82 ha and
259.62~471.13 ha more than the no reclamation and TR
respectively. Compared with the no reclamation and TR, CMRs can increase
the proportion of reclaimed land by 33.77~50.52% and
20.57~37.32% respectively. The research results provide
a reference to increase the reclamation rate of mining areas in the high
phreatic table.
Sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia: cohort study of long-term outcomes and complications
Authors: Wang Rui , Reagan Krista , Boyd Sarah , Tulikangas Paul
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate objective and subjective outcomes of patients who
underwent sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia to provide more
data regarding non-mesh alternatives in pelvic organ prolapse surgery.
Design: Cohort study with retrospective and prospective data. Setting: A
single academic medical center. Population: Women who underwent
abdominal sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia between January
2010 and December 2019 Methods: Patients were recruited for a follow-up
visit including completing the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI)
and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) exam. Demographic and
clinical characteristics were collected. Main Outcome Measures:
Composite failure, anatomic failure, symptomatic failure, and
retreatment. Results: During the study period, 132 women underwent
sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia. Median follow-up time was
2.2 years. Survival analysis showed that composite failure was 0.8% (CI
0.1-5.9%) at 12 months, 3.5% (CI 1.1-10.7%) at 2 years, 13.2% (CI
7.0-24.3%) at 3 years, and 28.3% (CI 17.0-44.8%) at 5 years. Anatomic
failure was 0% at 12 months, 1.4% (CI 0.2-9.2%) at 2 years, 3.1% (CI
0.8-12.0%) at 3 years, and 6.8% (CI 2.0-22.0%) at 5 years.
Symptomatic failure rate was 0% at 12 months, 1.3% (CI 0.2-9.0%) at 2
years, 2.9% (CI 0.7-11.3%) at 3 years, and 13.1% (CI 5.3-30.3%) at 5
years. Retreatment rate was 0.8% (CI 0.1-5.9%) at 12 months and 2
years, 9.4% (CI 4.2-20.3%) at 3 years, and 13.0% (CI 6.0-27.2%) at 5
years. Conclusions: Autologous rectus fascia sacrocolpopexy may be
considered a safe and effective alternative for patients who desire to
avoid synthetic mesh.
Association of Renin--Angiotensin--Aldosterone System Blocker use with Covid-19 Hospitalization and All-cause Mortality in the UK Biobank
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben
Published: September 2021

Aim: The risk-benefit profile of angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in
coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is still a matter of debate. With
growing evidence on the protective effect of this group of commonly used
antihypertensives in Covid-19, we aimed to thoroughly investigate the
association between the use of major classes of antihypertensive
medications and Covid-19 outcomes in comparison with the use of ACEIs
and ARBs. Methods: We conducted a population-based study in patients
with pre-existing hypertension in the UK Biobank. Multivariable logistic
regression analysis was performed adjusting for a wide range of
confounders. Results: The use of either beta-blockers (BBs),
calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), or diuretics was associated with a
higher risk of Covid-19 hospitalization compared to ACEI use (adjusted
OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.40 to 1.90) and ARB use (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95%
CI, 1.27 to 1.77). The risk of 28-day mortality among Covid-19 patients
was also increased among users of BBs, CCBs or diuretics when compared
to ACEI users (adjusted OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.19) but not when
compared to ARB users (adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.59).
However, no associations were observed when the same analysis was
conducted among hospitalized Covid-19 patients only. Conclusion: Our
results suggest protective effects of blocking of the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on Covid-19 hospitalization and
mortality among patients with pharmaceutically treated hypertension,
which should be addressed by randomized controlled trials. If confirmed,
this finding could have high clinical relevance for treating
hypertension during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Modelling HIV dynamics with cell-to-cell transmission and CTL response
Authors: Zhu Zirui , Wu Ranchao , Yang Yu , Xu Yancong
Published: September 2021

In most HIV models, the emergence of backward bifurcation means that the
control for basic reproduction number less than one is no longer
effective for HIV treatment. In this paper, we study an HIV model with
CTL response and cell-to-cell transmission by using the dynamical
approach. The local and global stability of equilibria is investigated,
the relations of subcritical Hopf bifurcation and supercritical
bifurcation points are revealed, especially, the so-called new type
bifurcation is also found with two Hopf bifurcation curves meeting at
the same Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation point. Forward and backward
bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens
bifurcation are investigated analytically and numerically. Two limit
cycles are also found numerically, which indicates that the complex
behavior of HIV dynamics. Interestingly, the role of cell-to-cell
interaction is fully uncovered, it may cause the oscillations to
disappear and keep the so-called new type bifurcation persist. Finally,
some conclusions and discussions are also given.
CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: A CASE REPORT OF A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal
Published: September 2021

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent clinical form of
leishmaniasis. CL is difficult for the clinicians to diagnose because of
the rarity of the disease and non-specific presentation. As CL is rare
and given the limitation of available diagnostic modalities in a
resource poor setting, diagnosis can be confusing.
Overweight and Cystic Fibrosis: An Unexpected Challenge
Authors: Gabel Megan , Fox Claudia , Grimes Rachel , Lowman John , McDonald Catherine , Stallings Virginia , Michel Suzanne
Published: September 2021

Achieving a healthy weight balance has been a central focus of care for
people who have cystic fibrosis (CF). Over the years, the emphasis has
primarily been on promoting weight gain in order to optimize pulmonary
outcomes. With continued improvements in CF care, including highly
effective CF modulator available for many people, the CF community is
now experiencing a new challenge: addressing the concern that some
people are gaining weight excessively. While at this time, we do not
know to what extent overweight and obesity will affect health outcomes
for people with CF, it is likely that excessive weight gain may have
negative health impacts similar to those seen in the general population.
In this paper, we review the history of nutritional guidelines for
people with CF, as well as more recent trends toward overweight and
obesity for some. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to
collaboratively start the oftentimes difficult conversation regarding
excessive weight gain, and to identify resources to help people achieve
and maintain a healthy weight through diet, exercise, and behavioral
modification.
The Backbone of Credit: The Institutional Foundations of Colonial America’s Economy of Credit and Collateral
Authors: Priest Claire
Published: September 2021

This chapter begins by looking at the role of the common pleas courts in colonial credit relations, followed by an examination of the early history of title recording. Historical sources reveal that in most colonies, the adoption of local public title recording was driven both by concerns over convenience and by concerns about fraudulent conveyances — that is, problems arising from a lack of transparency in the purchase and mortgage markets. Most colonies offered a simple solution: mortgages and deeds could be recorded at the sessions of the common pleas courts. Public authentication of deeds and title recording streamlined the existing English conveyancing practices and allowed for the recording of all forms of property serving as collateral, including, most consequentially, slaves. The chapter also demonstrates how the process of securing property rights made some of the colonial legislatures stronger and more deeply intertwined with local institutions than they were before. Creating and empowering local administrations required the colonial legislatures to assert their authority, at times in the face of countervailing assertions of power by crown-appointed officials.
Forgery and Memory at the End of the First Millennium
Authors: Roach Levi
Published: September 2021

This book takes a fresh look at documentary forgery and historical memory in the Middle Ages. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, religious houses across Europe began falsifying texts to improve local documentary records on an unprecedented scale. As the book illustrates, the resulting wave of forgery signaled major shifts in society and political culture, shifts which would lay the foundations for the European ancien régime. Spanning documentary traditions across France, England, Germany and northern Italy, the book examines five sets of falsified texts to demonstrate how forged records produced in this period gave voice to new collective identities within and beyond the Church. Above all, the book indicates how this fad for falsification points to new attitudes toward past and present — a developing fascination with the signs of antiquity. These conclusions revise traditional master narratives about the development of antiquarianism in the modern era, showing that medieval forgers were every bit as sophisticated as their Renaissance successors. Medieval forgers were simply interested in different subjects — the history of the Church and their local realms, rather than the literary world of classical antiquity. As a comparative history of falsified records at a crucial turning point in the Middle Ages, the book offers valuable insights into how institutions and individuals rewrote and reimagined the past.
‘Too Solemn for Laughter’?
Authors: Carroll Ross
Published: September 2021

This chapter turns to a group of critics on the fringes of the Scottish Enlightenment who deployed ridicule for a very different political cause: the campaign against the Atlantic slave trade. William Dickson, Alexander Geddes and James Tytler all set out to expose defenders of African slavery as not merely mistaken but contemptible, and their arguments as an absurd affront to humanity. Taking their cue from Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, the form of ridicule they often adopted was a mock endorsement of the very pro-slavery arguments they sought to discredit. In adopting this rhetorical strategy, the chapter argues, these abolitionists found that some prejudiced or self-interested claims on behalf of slavery could not be countered by argument alone and that presenting them as beneath refutation was essential to defeating them.
Grief and Mourning
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers the most striking aspect of the scene that greeted the young Charles Bannerman, the Gold Coast's first African newspaperman, as he entered his late aunt's house: the dominant role of women in managing the newly dead and in exuberant expressions of grief and rituals of mourning. It discusses the gendered dynamics of grief and mourning and the sensory spectacle of funeral celebrations. The chapter analyzes the startling juxtaposition of grief and gaiety in funeral celebrations, the combination of 'very high spirits' and 'unmistakable signs of grief', that struck Bannerman. Neither of these features was unique to local funerary cultures: distinctions in gender roles with regard to the expression of grief and to scripted mourning rituals have been noted across time in many parts of the world, while revelry has been observed as a characteristic of African American funerals in the slave and post-emancipation societies of the New World. The chapter investigates how gender roles informed grief and mourning among the Akan and their neighbours. It then explains the widely reported combination of intense lamentation and explosive revelry in funeral celebrations.
Human Sacrifice
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter recounts the broader Akan world's or Asante's human sacrifice. It notes that the practice, as established by Law, was widespread in those parts of the West African coastal and forest zones largely untouched by Islam, both in powerful states such Benin, Dahomey and Asante and among non-centralized peoples such as the Igbo in present-day southeastern Nigeria. The chapter presents evidence suggesting that human sacrifice may well have increased in magnitude in the era of the Atlantic slave trade, as increasing levels of militarization and accumulation generated new forms of violence, predation and consumption. The earliest evidence for human sacrifice in the region, however, came from the Gold Coast itself, where, as elsewhere in West Africa, it was identified as an integral part of mortuary customs for the wealthy and powerful. The chapter then shows seventeenth-century accounts about the slaves who composed the majority of those immolated at royal funerals. It also explores how the self-sacrifice of certain individuals served on the early Akan states.
Christian Encounters
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses how death loomed over the nineteenth-century encounter between Christianity and the peoples of the Gold Coast. It highlights the evangelists who sought to overturn established values and ways of life in order to challenge the very idea of mortality itself: by abandoning idolatry and embracing the salvation offered by Christ. If African religious practice was resolutely this-worldly, aimed at maintaining the beneficence of deities and ancestors in order to defer death, Christianity was distinctly otherworldly, seeking to wash away sin so that the repentant might enjoy a blissful life beyond the grave. The chapter explores how the Akan and their neighbours regarded death, and explains the centrality of the doctrine of eschatology to the Christian message. Finally, the chapter assesses the further expansion of the Christian faith into Asante and the acceleration of conversion in the era of colonial rule. New perceptions of life after death, new funerary customs, and new ways of dying were crucial components of this religious transformation.
Making Modern Deathways
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter turns to the most emblematic aspect of the African encounter with death: the funeral. It argues that, as historians of death in many cultures have observed, the weight of tradition borne by funeral rites means that they are often stubbornly resistant to innovation. Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa's anthropological research has shown funerary cultures to be undergoing rapid and often dramatic elaboration. In postcolonial Ghana, this transformation has been characterized above all by the increasing ostentation of funerals, which are seen by many observers as more about the status of the living than the honouring of the dead. The chapter also looks into recent transformations in Ghanaian funerary culture and how biomedicine, Christianity, the cash nexus and the modern state conspired to reshape death and burial in Africa. Ultimately, the chapter considers the ways in which colonial biopower sought to regulate and to secularize death. It then shifts to focus on the ongoing debates over the funeral, that key moment when normal time seems suspended and the world of the living and the dominion of the dead enter into an intense and intimate dialogue.
By Executive Order
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew
Published: September 2021

The president of the United States is commonly thought to wield extraordinary personal power through the issuance of executive orders. In fact, the vast majority of such orders are proposed by federal agencies and shaped by negotiations that span the executive branch. This book provides the first comprehensive look at how presidential directives are written — and by whom. The book examines more than five hundred executive orders from the 1930s to today — as well as more than two hundred others negotiated but never issued — shedding vital new light on the multilateral process of drafting supposedly unilateral directives. The book draws on a wealth of archival evidence from the Office of Management and Budget and presidential libraries as well as original interviews to show how the crafting of orders requires widespread consultation and compromise with a formidable bureaucracy. It explains the key role of management in the presidential skill set, detailing how bureaucratic resistance can stall and even prevent actions the chief executive desires, and how presidents must bargain with the bureaucracy even when they seek to act unilaterally. Challenging popular conceptions about the scope of presidential power, the book reveals how the executive branch holds the power to both enact and constrain the president's will.
Conclusion
Authors: Lacombe Matthew J.
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks toward the future of both the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the gun debate more broadly. It discusses potential threats to the NRA's political influence, including its own internal struggles, the rise of more effective gun control advocacy organizations, and the potential downsides of its close relationship with the Republican Party. The chapter also talks about the potential generalizability of the book's findings to other groups and policy areas. It considers the lessons that other groups might learn from the NRA in terms of cultivating and using ideational power. Ultimately, the chapter notes its implications for our understanding of interest groups and political parties, and reflects on the NRA's place in American democracy.
Life on Mars
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

Does life exist on Mars? The question has captivated humans for centuries, but today it has taken on new urgency. As space agencies gear up to send the first manned missions to the Red Planet, we have a responsibility to think deeply about what kinds of life may already dwell there — and whether we have the right to invite ourselves in. Telling the complete story of our ongoing quest to answer one of the most tantalizing questions in astronomy, this book grapples with the profound moral and ethical questions confronting us as we prepare to introduce an unpredictable new life form — ourselves — into the Martian biosphere. Now with an afterword that discusses the most recent discoveries, the book explains what we need to know before we go.
Mars and Earth as Twins
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter details how astronomers fell in love with Mars during the very earliest years of the age of telescopes because it could appear quite large when viewed through the lens, as it is closer to Earth than all other planets. It discusses the astronomers that gained knowledge about the physical properties of Mars by the end of the eighteenth century that were convinced that Earth and Mars could be thought of as twins. It also recounts the first claimed telescopic detection of a black spot on Mars' surface in 1636 and again in 1638 by amateur astronomer Francesco Fontana. The chapter explains how Fontana's dark spot drew the attention of other astronomers to Mars as an object of interest with the potential to show observers something other than a bland, featureless disk. It refers to astronomers armed with telescopes who scould peer through the depths of space and unravel the mysteries of the red planet.
Digging in the Noise
Authors: Weintraub David A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter highlights the emergence of the Martian methane saga from its hibernation in 1988 when Vladimir Krasnopolsky and his colleagues undertook a study of the Martian atmosphere. It explains how the methane gas in the Earth's atmosphere absorbs light at nearly the same wavelengths as the methane in the Martian atmosphere, obscuring any possible signature of Martian methane in telescopic observations. It also recounts Krasnopolsky and his colleagues' construction of computer models that allowed them to subtract the effects of the huge amount of terrestrial methane from their spectral observations of Mars. The chapter looks at the decision of Krasnopolsky's team to neither confirm nor contradict the Mariner 9 upper limit, even after they made a definitive detection of methane on Mars. It emphasizes that the attempt to measure the level of methane in the atmosphere of Mars using a telescope in Arizona in 1988 yielded only noise.
Never Say Never
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter reviews the liberating perception of nationalism following the world wars. It argues that nationalism was on the winning side by the end of World War I, noting support for national self-determination made national policies the guiding principle of the new world order. In the West, nationalism came to be seen as a vile force that sets free the evil that lies within us. Nazism showed that even the most cultured of all nations, wears its humanistic values lightly only to cover a deep-rooted dark spirit. The chapter also investigates the new front opened less than ten years after the end of the war. The enemies of the West were now living in Moscow, threatening to bring liberal democracies to an end. It recounts the assassination of Martin Luther King, the students' marches in Europe, the anti-Vietnam War demonstrations that started in the United States, and the civil rights and human rights movements that emerged in the early 20th century. The chapter presents Xi Jinping's globalism as a nationalist one and the major cracks in the success story of neoliberalism.
Subjects into Citizens
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter emphasizes the most effective and constructive tool of nation building: the public school. The chapter narrates public schools' formative moments, and how the states, comprised mainly of immigrants, embarked on an educational journey intended to transform inhabitants into fellow national. In the newly emerging United States of America, public education was taken to be the surest form of protection against tyranny, anarchy, factionalism, and the disruption of law and order. The chapter shows national education as a way of preserving the nation's freedom, encouraging political participation, and fostering a sense of brotherhood. Ultimately, the chapter investigates how national education turned subjects into citizens, allowing for the development of a set of linguistic and symbolic skills that facilitate communication between fellow nationals, evoking a willingness to work for the benefit of a common good.
One Nation, Divided, under Stress
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter states that the globalization of individuals (rather than of states or international organizations) can be seen as providing the highest degree of personal freedom. It discusses the three stages of globalism as defined in Thomas Friedman's book, The World Is Flat. The chapter also provides a bracing reflection of the two Americas. America, it argues, is now made up of two groups: the “FTE sector” — the people who work in finance, technology, and electronics — and “the low-wage sector.” The chapter then demonstrates election results in different countries which give this phenomenon a visual expression: two nations geographically divided, culturally dissimilar, economically disjointed, and politically opposed. Ultimately, the chapter examines the class divisions and how its new definition reflected the scheme of risks and opportunities individuals face.
Liberal Nationalism
Authors: Tamir Yael
Published: September 2021

This chapter begins with discussing the nation-state's powers. It analyzes how the nation-state, despite internal and external pressures, has proven remarkably resilient and remains the main determinant of the global distribution of income, the primary locus of market-supporting institutions, and the chief repository of personal attachments and affiliation. The chapter then turns to claim that globalism failed to replace nationalism because it could not offer a political agenda that meets the most basic needs of modern individuals. It demonstrates the four important lessons brought about by the two decades of hyperglobalism. The chapter also mentions the protests by the less well-off members of the majority regarding the identity of the public sphere, claiming diversity went too far, ripping from them their social, cultural, and political status. It then highlights the liberals' belief that social diversity breeds tolerance and open-mindedness. Finally, the chapter investigates how diversity intensified the spread of native sentiments and harsh laws on immigration.
MONITORAMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DOS PLANOS DECENAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA
Authors: Santos Rosangela , Alves da Silva Scaff Elisângela
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como se evidencia a participação da sociedade civil no monitoramento e avaliação dos Planos Municipais de Educação dos Municípios da Zona da Mata Mineira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratório e documental, desenvolvida por meio de consulta à página eletrônica do Plano Nacional de Educação do Ministério da Educação (PNE/MEC), a fim de identificar os relatórios de monitoramento e avaliação encaminhados por esses municípios. Em um segundo momento foi realizada leitura dos relatórios com o objetivo de identificar os sujeitos sociais coletivos cuja participação foi predominante nesses municípios. Os resultados apontam uma lacuna entre o percentual de planos elaborados pelos municípios e a quantidade de relatórios de monitoramento apresentados. Também se destaca a escassa participação de instâncias da sociedade civil em parte dos municípios analisados, ressaltando, nesse contexto, o Conselho Municipal de Educação que, entre outros órgãos representativos da sociedade, de modo geral, registrou participação em 60% dos relatórios elaborados.
O BALANÇO DE UMA DÉCADA DA PROMULGAÇÃO DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Almeida Costa Sinara , Costa de Andrade Cruz Rosimeire
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um balanço do que foi produzido em trabalhos científicos na área de Educação Infantil na primeira década após a promulgação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil - DCNEI (BRASIL, 2009). Seu principal aporte teórico é Leontiev (1978), que defende a ideia que é através da educação que o homem torna-se humano em sua essência. Resulta de uma pesquisa do tipo “Estado da Arte” que, através de uma metodologia inventariante e descritiva, fez o levantamento das produções acadêmicas sobre as DCNEI (BRASIL, 2009) no período de 2010 a 2020 em três plataformas eletrônicas: Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, Google Acadêmico e ResearchGate. Seus resultados apontam os temas de maior destaque nas pesquisas e que envolvem a compreensão de currículo em sua episteme, perpassando por reflexões acerca das teorias, concepções e conceitos que o compõem. Em contrapartida, assuntos como o brincar, as interações, a educação para as relações étnico-raciais, a avaliação e a prática com bebês, fundamentais para a efetivação de um currículo que considere a criança como centro, ainda são pouco explorados ou sequer aparecem entre os temas focalizados. Além disso, evidenciam inúmeros desafios que precisam ser enfrentados pela comunidade acadêmico-científica em relação ao currículo na Educação Infantil e suas especificidades, o que possibilita a ampliação dos debates sobre o tema.
 
Palavras-chave: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil.  Estado da Arte. Currículo.
ESTADO, ECONOMIA E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL: matrizes histórico-políticas dos projetos atuais em disputa, a Pedagogia das Competências e Habilidades versus a Pedagogia do Direito à Educação e dos Direitos de Aprendizagem
Authors: Nunes César
Published: September 2021

Para entender a prática social da Educação precisamos decifrar a sociedade que a constitui. Nessa mesma linha, para identificar as marcas dessa sociedade, o caminho indicado pela ciência e pela ação política tem sido a direção de reconstituir os processos econômicos e de buscar reconhecer os determinantes políticos que engendraram essa formação social, ao longo do tempo. Essa é nossa premissa interpretativa, a ser acompanhada no presente artigo. Nossa intenção consiste em buscar apresentar os movimentos e as ideias, a efetivar contraposições de natureza econômica e as disposições de natureza política, que foram estruturas matriciais de produção de nossa identidade como país, como civilização ou como sociedade. Depois dessa interpretação, nosso escopo consiste em buscar articular essas recomposições matriciais para caracterizar e interpretar a encruzilhada histórica e política, aberta pela década ora iniciante, para cotejar os passos e os enfrentamos no campo da Educação, das políticas públicas educacionais e da organização do campo de pesquisa e da formação de professores da Educação Básica e Superior do Brasil. Tomamos como consensuada a presença de duas grandes políticas públicas de Educação, recentemente formuladas, contrapostas e integradas, algumas vezes mais esclarecidamente, outras vezes mais tácitas ou subliminares, em disputa histórica, ideológica e política, na atualidade da pauta da Educação no Brasil. Temos a intencionalidade de que essa reflexão seja complementar aos esforços para resistir e constitua possível motivação para continuar a luta, histórica e política, por uma Educação pública, laica e universal, reclamada pela sociedade brasileira ao longo de sua existência.
HEART INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SARS-CоV-2: A DESCRIPTION OF A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Belozerov K.E. , Kupreeva A.D. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Avrusin I.S. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Masalova V.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kornishina T.L. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Isupova E.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Snegireva L.S. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kalashnikova O.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Malekov D.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Pozdnyakov A.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Chasnyk V.G. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kostik M.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: September 2021

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MBS-D) is a new challenge for pediatricians around the world. Scientific data is updated daily and patient treatment regimens are developed. The involvement of the heart in the inflammatory process complicates the course of the disease and further rehabilitation of patients. The article describes 12 patients with heart disease in the structure of MVS-D, who underwent laboratory tests and instrumental studies, including MRI of the heart, and also provides detailed descriptions of three clinical cases and a review of literature data.
Distance learning as an educational technology: development prospects and challenges of today
Authors: Korzh-Usenko Larysa , Kuznetsova Oksana , Pryma Viktoriia , Сhernyshchuk Yulia , Riabinina Olena , Cherniakova Olena
Published: September 2021

The objective of the research was to discuss distance education as a current and necessary object for contemporary education. The following research methods were used in the article: literature study, analysis, synthesis, methods of theoretical generalization. According to the solution research hypothesis, the following main tasks were: to define the concept of "distance learning"; to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in education. It is concluded that: although there are disagreements about distance education as a tool in presential school; its use is a path of no return. Teachers and technicians must be equipped to update and use them in a common way in their daily lives.
Entre el río y la calle. Un estudio historiográfico de la interrelación entre la ciudad de Puebla y el río de San Francisco
Authors: Oliveira Santos Rubens Vanderlan
Published: September 2021

El San Francisco es un pequeño río que cruza longitudinalmente gran parte del centro de la ciudad de Puebla. Antes de ser entubado en 1963 y quedar escondido bajo un bulevar, este río se había caracterizado como parte importante del ambiente urbano y uno de los principales espacios de la ciudad. En este sentido, buscando establecer un diálogo con la historia ambiental urbana, este artículo analiza las diferentes formas de interacción entabladas entre la ciudad y su río durante fines del siglo XIX y las seis primeras décadas del XX, momento caracterizado por el afán modernizador urbano que culminó con en el entubamiento de la corriente. Utilizando diferentes tipos de fuentes, las cuales incluyen estudios hidráulicos, comunicados, proyecciones cartográficas y notas periodísticas, el presente texto ofrece una interpretación de cómo el San Francisco pasó a ser concebido como un mero elemento antitético a la ciudad e identifica los factores culturales, políticos, técnicos y ambientales que ayudaron a promover el proyecto de entubamiento del río como una solución modernizadora.
“Callo y obedezco”: la desavenencia final entre Pedro Asencio Alquicira y Vicente Guerrero a través de diez cartas inéditas
Authors: Arenal Fenochio Jaime del
Published: September 2021

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Las pensiones por vejez en Guatemala
Authors: Cabrera Juárez Luis Fernando
Published: September 2021

Desde el año de mil novecientos cuarenta y seis, en Guatemala se creo el Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social, como una institución autónoma, de derecho público, con el objeto de brindar el beneficio de la seguridad social a la población trabajadora, sin incorporar en ese momento a la población de edad avanzada, situación que ocurrió veinte años después. Esta incorporación permitió que las personas que hayan alcanzado la edad de sesenta y cinco años pudiesen acceder a una compensación económica denominada “pensión”, en base a los aportes que se haya realizado durante la vida laboralmente activa al seguro social. Si bien, esta pensión que reciben en la mayoría de los casos de forma mensual, ayuda al sostenimiento del hogar, en la actualidad el monto que se percibe no es ni la mitad del mínimo vital para subsistencia, por lo que se debe pensar en nuevas formas de manejar las pensiones, a modo que puedan incrementarse y satisfacer las necesidades básicas de las personas.
Reseña de “El régimen fiscal de los planes de pensiones en favor de personas con discapacidad” (De Pablo Varona, C., Aranzadi, 2019)
Authors: Cuervo Fernández Carlos
Published: September 2021

Los planes de pensiones son un instrumento que, en su origen, y siendo los gobiernos conscientes de que el envejecimiento de la población desembocaría en la insostenibilidad de las prestaciones por jubilación, se gestaron con el objetivo de que los ciudadanos tuvieran incentivos en constituir un ahorro suficiente para que, una vez verificada la contingencia, pudieran obtener una prestación complementaria a la pública que les permitiera disfrutar de una renta mensual lo más próxima posible a la que generaban en el momento inmediatamente anterior a tal contingencia. Con este objetivo en mente, se diseñó un sistema financiero y actuarial de capitalización, cuyo principal atractivo era el diferimiento de la renta a través de la reducción en la base imponible general del total de las cantidades aportadas al plan en un determinado ejercicio, hasta un máximo. Es cierto que dichas cantidades serán computadas en la base imponible general cuando se obtengan en forma de renta, pero no lo es menos que, normalmente, las prestaciones por jubilación son inferiores a las que se obtienen por el trabajo durante la vida activa lo que, conjugado con la progresividad que caracteriza a la imposición directa, da como resultado un ahorro fiscal.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK DÜZEYLERİ İLE GİRİŞİMCİLİK BECERİSİNİN SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİNDE KAZANDIRILMASINA İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: EROĞLU Salih , DEVECİ Handan
Published: September 2021

Dünyada ekonomik kalkınma ve toplumsal dönüşümü gerçekleştirebilmek için insanların girişimcilik becerilerine sahip olması oldukça önemlidir. Bu anlamda bireylerin küçük yaşlardan itibaren girişimcilikle ilgili bilgi ve becerilerle donatılması gerekmektedir. İlk ve ortaokul programlarında yer alan sosyal bilgiler dersi, ekonomik, toplumsal, teknolojik pekçok konu ile ilişki içinde olup bireyin toplumsallaşmasına yardımcı olan bir derstir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile sosyal bilgiler dersinde girişimcilik becerisi kazandırılmasına ilişkin sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada karma yöntem tasarımlarından kısmen karma sıralı baskın statülü tasarım kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2017-2018 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 5. sınıf düzeyindeki 1050 ortaokul öğrencisi ve 17 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu, ölçek ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ortaya konulurken aritmetik ortalama, değişkenler arasındaki farkı belirlemek için t testi ve varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile toplanan veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile sosyoekonomik düzey, kardeş sayısı, annenin eğitim durumu ve babanın eğitim durumu değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri sosyal bilgilerin girişimcilik becerisini kazandırmaya uygun bir ders olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonunda, uygulamaya ve araştırmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
FEN BİLİMLERİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN SOSYOBİLİMSEL KONULAR HAKKINDAKİ TUTUM, GÖRÜŞ VE BU KONULARIN ÖĞRETİMİNE YÖNELİK ANLAYIŞLARI
Authors: AYDIN Serkan , KARIŞAN Dilek
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sosyobilimsel konular hakkındaki tutum ve görüşleri ile bu konuların öğretimine yönelik anlayışlarını incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenemonoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı 12 devlet okulunda görev yapan 15 fen bilimleri öğretmeni (9 erkek, 6 kadın) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler Erabdan (2019) tarafından geliştirilen Sosyobilimsel Konuların Öğretimine Yönelik Görüşme Formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sosyobilimsel konular hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmadıkları ve yüzeysel olarak tanımlamaya çalıştıkları görülmüştür. Sosyobilimsel konuların anlatımında zorlanmadıklarını belirten öğretmenler, bu konuların daha iyi öğretilebilmesi için önerilerde bulunmuşlardır.
BELİREN YETİŞKİNLERDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ROLLERİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMUN, BENLİK KURGUSUNUN VE BENLİĞİN AYRIMLAŞMASININ EŞ SEÇME STRATEJİLERİNİ YORDAMADAKİ ROLÜ
Authors: TÜRK ÇATILI Elvan , AVCI Raşit
Published: September 2021

Araştırmanın amacı; beliren yetişkinlerde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumun, benliğin ayrımlaşmasının ve benlik kurgularının eş seçme stratejileri üzerindeki yordayıcı rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; 460 kadın ve 241 erkek olmak üzere toplam 701 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 18-25 yaş aralığındadır, yaş ortalaması 20.83’dür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Eş Seçme Stratejileri Envanteri”, “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği”, “Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeği” ve “Özerklik-İlişkisellik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizleri sonucunda; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik eşitlikçi tutumun ve özerk-ilişkisel benliğin aile kurumu ve güvenin anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu görülmüştür. Benliğin ayrımlaşmasının sosyoekonomik durumu; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik eşitlikçi tutumun, benliğin ayrımlaşmasının ve ilişkisel benliğin dini ve siyasi benzerliği yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik eşitlikçi tutumun fiziksel özelliği; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik eşitlikçi tutum, özerk benlik, özerk-ilişkisel benliğin bekâret alt boyutunu yordadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik eşitlikçi tutumun ve benliğin ayrımlaşmasının çocuk bakımını; ilişkisel benliğin ise aşkı yordadığı görülmektedir.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN OYUN TEMELLİ MATEMATİK ETKİNLİKLERİNE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇİL Osman , SEFER Funda
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin oyun temelli matematik etkinliklerine yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu amaç doğrultusunda geliştirilen bu nitel çalışmada olgubilim deseni uygulanmış olup elde edilen veriler içerik analizi metodu ile incelenmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenleri oyun temelli etkinliklerin aktif katılımı teşvik ettiğini, matematiksel bilginin somutlaştırılmasında yardımcı olduğunu, öğrenciler arasındaki sosyal etkileşimi artırdığını belirtmiştir. Etkinliklere yönelik hazırlıkların ve sınıf içi etkinlik uygulamalarının fazla zaman alması ve etkinliklerin sınıf yönetimini zorlaştırmasını ise oyun temelli etkinliklerin olumsuz etkileri olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenleri aynı zamanda oyun temelli etkinlikleri uygulayabilmek için yaratıcı oyunlar içeren kaynaklara, ucuz ve kolay hazırlanabilir materyallere ve hizmet içi eğitimlere ihtiyaç duyduklarını ifade etmiştir. Oyun temelli matematik etkinliklerini temel alan eğitimlerin ve eğitsel materyallerin EBA platformunun içerisinde hazırlanması ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin söz konusu ihtiyaçları etkin ve hızlı bir şekilde karşılanabilir. Bir sonraki matematik programı hazırlanırken öğretmenlerin kazanımları ve kazanımlara ayrılan süreleri daha özgür bir şekilde düzenleyebilmeleri fırsat sunulması, sınıf öğretmenlerinin zamana yönelik kaygılarının azaltılmasında ve oyun temelli matematik etkinliklerinin daha sık kullanılmasında etkili olacaktır.
GELİŞİMSEL GERİLİĞİ OLAN ÇOCUKLARA İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN KAZANDIRILMASINDA TEPKİ İSTEME – MODEL OLMA TEKNİĞİ KULLANIMI - META ANALİZ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKTAŞ Burcu , ÇİFCİ TEKİNARSLAN İlknur , ELDENİZ ÇETİN Müzeyyen
Published: September 2021

Gelişimsel geriliği olan çocuklara iletişim becerilerinin kazandırılmasında çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Tepki İsteme - Model Olma tekniği özel gereksinimli bireylere iletişim becerilerinin kazandırılmasında kullanılan tekniklerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada; tepki isteme model olma tekniğinin iletişim becerileri üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen tek denekli araştırma makalelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, tek denekli araştırma yöntemlerine göre desenlenen 18 tek denekli çalışmanın betimsel analizi ve meta analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın betimsel analiz bulgularında, gelişimsel geriliği olan çocuklara iletişim becerilerinin kazandırılmasında tepki isteme model olma tekniğinin çoğunlukla anneler tarafından kullanıldığı, uygulamaların klinik ortam, sınıf ortamı ve ev ortamında gerçekleştirildiği, görülmüştür. Bu çalışmalardaki gelişimsel geriliği olan çocukların çoğunluğunu dil-konuşma bozukluğu olan ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocukların oluşturduğu, yaşlarının 2-11 yaş arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Tek denekli araştırma modelleri açısından incelendiğinde çalışmalarda; çoklu başlama modeli ve çoklu yoklama modelinin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada yapılan meta-analizden elde edilen etki büyüklüklerine göre tepki isteme – model olma tekniğinin gelişimsel geriliği olan çocuklara iletişim becerilerinin kazandırılmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
OKUL PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMANLARININ ÖZEL EĞİTİM ALANINDA HİZMET İÇİ EĞİTİM GEREKSİNİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ACAR Sinem
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okullarda görev yapmakta olan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının, özel eğitim konusunda gerçekleştirilen hizmet içi eğitimler ile ilgili görüşlerini ve gereksinimlerini belirlemektir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma nitel desendedir. Çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak, eğitim araştırmalarında sıklıkla kullanılabilen odak grup görüşmesi kullanılmıştır. Odak grup görüşmesinde araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ve uzman görüşüne sunularak revizyon edilen bir yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, ikisi erkek ve sekizi kadın olmak üzere on okul psikolojik danışmanıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verileri iki araştırmacı bağımsız olarak analiz etmiş ve kategoriler, alt kategoriler ve kodlar oluşturmuşlardır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre okul psikolojik danışmanlarının özel eğitim ile ilgili hizmet içi ihtiyaçları beş ana temada toplanmaktadır. Bu temalar “özel eğitim hizmetleri ile ilgili görüşler”, “değerlendirme ile ilgili görüşler”, öğrencilerin yönlendirilmesi ile ilgili görüşler”, “hizmet içi eğitimle ilgili görüşler” öncelikli hizmet içi eğitim gereksinimleri” şeklindedir. Sonuçlar literatürdeki bilgiler ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Georgiska : Grammatisk översikt med texter och ordlista
Authors: Vamling Karina , Tchantouria Revaz
Published: September 2021

The publication is an overview (in Swedish) of Georgian grammar with texts, reference tables and Georgian/Swedish wordlists. It also includes audio files and exercises. All Georgian texts and examples are given in Georgian script with parallel Latin transliteration. The material was originally written in 1988 for the first Georgian course at Lund University and later became the basis for the online Georgian course “Georgian I” currently offered at Malmö University. The book is published in connection with the 20 years anniversary of the online course 2001-2021.