bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances of GC-MS in the determination of adulterants in dietary supplements
Authors: Samanta Krishanu , Nath Priyanka , Patel Rahul , Singh Gurdeep , Jain Amrita , Nandi Gyanaranjan
Published: August 2024

In recent period of time, mankind has been giving more and more effort towards dietary supplements because now people are more concerned about their health. So, the availability and uses are also increased. For enhancing the frequency and effect of the dietary supplements, synthetic products like Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE-5) Inhibitor, Cocaine, Fluoxetine, or some unwanted steroids are added to the supplements to enhance their market value. The consumption of these adulterated supplements has been linked to health problems and has had a negative impact on the quality and safety of dietary supplements as well as public health. To stop such dishonest practises, analytical techniques that enable quick and accurate testing of dietary supplements for the presence of synthetic drugs are required. For the determination of adulterated products in dietary supplements there are so many hyphenated techniques are available among all Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is more specific and delicate because of its unique combination of Mass Spectrometry and Gas chromatography which helps in the field of Separation and structural identification of the adulterant. The role of GC-MS in the detection, quantification, conformation analysis of adulterants in dietary supplements is evaluated critically in the current review.
Interactions between Land Use practices and Climate change on Water quality in India: A comprehensive review
Authors: Muzhewe Caroline R.M. , Thakur Ambika
Published: August 2024

The quality of water serves as a fundamental gauge of environmental health influenced by the interplay between land use practices and climate change. Globally, water quality is deteriorating largely due to the inevitable growth of population. This relationship is complex, land use practices significantly shape climate dynamics, while climate change modifies land use patterns in response to climatic variability. In developing countries like India, currently the most populous nation, around 60% of the population relies on agricultural productivity which is closely tied to water quality. Due to temperature variations brought on by climate change, hydrological patterns and precipitation dynamics are altered resulting in extreme weather events like floods and droughts that have a negative impact on water quality. Moreover, the concentration of pollutants in aquatic bodies is influenced by land use patterns. To analyze these complex interactions, climatic projections, hydrological models, watershed models, and various techniques such as GIS and remote sensing are utilized. This paper aims to review how land use practices intersect with the effects of climate change specifically in relation to water quality in India providing insights on the negative impacts of this interaction in an era of environmental awareness.
WQI Assessment for Swarnamukhi River water at Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vijaya Kumar Mamilla , Prasad Raju Hemadri , Raga Swaroop Reddy K. , Tharun Balaji B.
Published: August 2024

Potable water remains a global issue as the world continues to consume water from untreated sources. Almost all human activities such as domestic, agricultural and industrial need water. Quality of water is crucial for all. The Water Quality Index (WQI) has a distinctive ranking that summarizes the state of water quality at a glance for any particular region. Policymakers and other stakeholders generally agree with this approach since it can represent a complete picture of the quality of water bodies. The WQI is based on the analysis of various physicochemical parameters. In this research work, the WQI assessment of the water quality of river Swarnamukhi was taken up and conducted the study during the winter season, for 6 different locations along the River at Chandragiri town and 1 location within town in Tirupati region from Andhra Pradesh state, India. The parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, DO, BOD5, NO3 and PO4 were considered for analysis purposes as per the BIS and WHO norms. The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index method (NSFWQI) is used in WQI calculations. The average WQI value obtained is 67.25. It indicates medium water quality helps locals to know the quality at a glance and provides information to improve the quality of the river.
Natural waste recovery and preservation technologies toward sustainability
Authors: Kamal Ibtisam , Bamerni Fanar , Albadran Firas , Abbood Nabeel
Published: August 2024

The article seeks to thoroughly review the published literature and diverse awareness regarding natural waste including agricultural residues and food debris. Attention is drawn to current-day techniques of natural waste recovery. The concept of natural waste and the developed new ways of recovery are reviewed to promote knowledge transfer of modern green technologies for sustainable society and new processes that may be incorporated as a starting step or intermediate step during recovery of agro-industrial residues for better production of added-value products. The approach is directed toward maximizing the value of biomass feedstock, as well as to reduce the environmental impact of the waste. The article focuses on processing routes of natural waste with eco-friendliness by applying various preservation technologies, the conventional and the novel at forefront the improved valorization of by-products that lead to advanced industries including biorefineries. Applications of the produced added-value products are also involved.
Design Optimization of Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Gulia Vikas , Nargundkar Aniket
Published: August 2024

In today’s world, miniaturized products are proved to be the dis-ruptive technologies contributing to the sustainability through green energy. Microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is an advanced cooling device to accom-plish the cooling requirements for such miniaturized products through sus-tainable approach. In this work, two popular Nature Inspired Swarm Intelli-gence algorithms viz. Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied for optimizing the perfor-mance of MCHS through maximizing the Thermal resistance & Minimizing the Pumping Power of MCHS. Results are compared with the numerical analysis and GA. For the objective function thermal resistance, results of TLBO and PSO algorithms are improved by 8 % as compared with numeri-cal solutions. For pumping power problem, significant improvement in the results viz. 90.86% is observed with TLBO and PSO algorithm respectively. This optimized design can be directly adopted and it ensures the optimized cooling through equal sharing of thermal load by every channel and thereby minimizing the pump energy consumption. This work demonstrates the ap-plicability of contemporary Nature Inspired Artificial Intelligence (AI) based algorithms in the domain of Heat Sinks and a step towards a green energy.
The development of production materials of bioenergy from coconut trees to reduce petroleum energy dependence and environmental protection
Authors: Nghia Mai Duc , Tuan Ho Duc , Trung Pham Dinh
Published: August 2024

Coconut is a popular plant and is often concentrated mainly in coastal and river areas in the southern provinces of Vietnam. That is a tree with economic value and preventing erosion in river areas. Coconut tree grows very well on sandy soil with high salt tolerance, specific it is suitable for places with lots of sunshine and average rainfall as the climate in Vietnam Therefore, in Vietnam, coconuts are an abundant raw material used to produce biomass and bioenergy. This paper mainly presents the research process of applying coconut oil as a fuel to reduce environmental pollution from internal combustion engines, replacing a part of traditional fuel. Research results by experimental methods have shown that coconut oil does not need to be synthesized into biodiesel but mixed directly into diesel oil with different ratios that can be used as fuel to reduce emissions pollution, mainly soot. However, the combustion pressure of the engine tends to decrease when the proportion of coconut oil in the diesel-coconut oil mixture exceeds 20% coconut oil (20% coconut oil - 80% diesel oil).
An inhibitory prospect of leaf extracts of flossflower and yam for rebar steel corrosion in concrete aggregates
Authors: Pandey Nabin , Gupta Laxman , Gautam Madhab , Bhattarai Jagadeesh , Bhattarai Nootan Prasad
Published: August 2024

Concrete infrastructures with embedded mild steel (EMS) have been implemented in various construction sectors to enhance their strength and durability. However, deleterious corrosion of the EMS in CA is a burdensome problem worldwide. Therefore, timely application of appropriate corrosion control techniques can mitigate the consequential effects of premature corrosion of such EMS in CA. Green plant-based leaf extracts have been recently utilized as anti-corrosive agents to prevent premature EMS corrosion. The present work focused on exploring the inhibitory impacts of leaf extracts of floss flower orAgeratum houstonianum(AgHE) and yam orDioscorea alata(DiAE) each for controlling the rusting of the EMS in concrete beam (CB). The DiAE and AgHE comprise secondary metabolites like phenols, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and flavonoids, confirmed from screening, GC-MS, and FTIR analysis. The EMS in CB with 1000-4000 ppm DiAE or AgHE showed a better corrosion inhibiting effect, compared with a concentration of 500 ppm from the observation of electrochemical corrosion potential (ECoP) value, measured using half-cell potential (HCP) method according to the ASTM C876-91 standard. The recent outcomes could be a part of an innovative solution to extend the lifespan of EMS in CB.
Digital Transformation and Its Impact on Environmental Awareness and Green Consumption Among Students
Authors: Dat Van Huu , Phuong Tran Thu , Duong Do Vinh , Tran Thanh
Published: August 2024

In the current digital era, the influence of technology on environmental awareness and green consumption behaviors is significant, especially among the youth. This study aims to explore how digital transformation can foster an increase in environmental awareness and green consumption intentions among students. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a framework, this research applies Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify key factors that drive the green consumption behaviors of students. Preliminary findings indicate that enhanced awareness through digital means and perceived social pressure are pivotal in shaping students’ green consumption intentions. Specifically, digital accessibility to green products appears to play a crucial role, suggesting a unique intersection between technology and environmental sustainability. This study not only highlights the critical role of digital platforms in promoting sustainable consumption but also aligns with the broader environmental objectives of developing sustainable technologies in today’s digital landscape.
Demand Study and Impact of Electric Vehicle on grid system in Delhi
Authors: Sehrawat Chhavi , Mittal Shubh , Shokeen Krish , Singh Geeta
Published: August 2024

Given the increasing influence of urban areas and worries about the environment, electric automobiles are being incorporated into the power grids of megacities. In this regard, this examine what happens to Delhi’s grid when it adopts EVs which is one among many transportation- energy-challenged cities worldwide. The aim of this research is to show where and when people charge their electric vehicles (EVs) by means of studying overall demand patterns as well as impacts on electricity systems. It also looks at required infrastructure improvements including those related with peak loads during charging hours among others things such like stabilizing measures taken for ensuring such stability against any disturbances caused due increased utilization rates within these periods between different regions across Delhi city area served mainly by DUSIB substation(s). Trying our best during estimation process not only forecast activities but also analyze them separately considering each type according its purpose intended use or level expected intensity etc.; all these should be done while taking into account possible effects associated with renewable energy sources integration aiming towards sustainable development goals achievement in terms environmental friendliness.
Optimizing Environmental and Economic Performance of Grid-Connected PV Charging Stations with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and an Advanced Energy Management System (EMS)
Authors: Chandran D. Ravi , Kumar M. Muthu , Muruganantham S. , Thiyagarajan V. , Ashoksri S. , Sibindharan S.
Published: August 2024

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with an energy management system (EMS) were suggested in this research that consists of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) charging station (CS) equipped with battery energy storage. The primary aim of this energy management system was to regulate the amount of energy sent to the electric vehicle (EV) while taking into account the cost and carbon dioxide emissions caused in grid connection. Consequently, our research offered a two-stage optimization process with multiple objectives to lessen the financial and ecological footprint of the charging station. An energy schedule was generated in the first optimization stage by considering factor of grid CO2 emissions on an hourly basis, the PV forecast, the power cost with the BESS initial state of charge (SoC). The maximum power that the grid was allowed to deliver the EV was the same as the output from this first stage. The second optimization step employed, model predictive control (MPC) to regulate the flow of energy among BESS, the PV, and the grid. An operational Photo Voltaic/BESS charging station used to validate the proposed EMS. The new EMS was then used to evaluate the charging station’s efficiency in this research for one month of data, taking three main aspects into consideration: environmental, economic, and energy. The optimization results suggest that the new energy profile ensures a 36% drop in emissions and a 33% drop in energy cost.
Need and Awareness of Leakages and waterproofing in High rise Building
Authors: Khartode Bhagyashree , Sulaiman Shariq , Shewale Manisha , Bhirud Yuvaraj L.
Published: August 2024

Identification of leakage sources is itself a perplexing process and needs expert views from experienced work and trade specific professionals. Comprehensive strategies relevant to work methodologies are to be implemented that prioritises durability and efficacy of waterproofing system. Leakages when identified at final stages of building handovers induces a high cost in repair and maintenance of defects pertaining to waterproofing failures or due to non-consideration of leakage prevention measures at the design and specification establishment stages. Despite of a thorough technical knowledge even seasoned civil engineering professionals and even waterproofing specialists are not aware of the probable root causes of observed leakages. Various factors contributing to leakages through different areas of buildings are mentioned along with preventive measures in relation to process enhancement, workmanship, materials, etc. in relation to prevention of leakages. Photographic examples of different types of leakages are provided for an easy understanding of non-technical users regarding the kind of defect being discussed. This study represents a comprehensive review of different types of leakages observed in buildings and their root causes. Solutions based on type of leakage along with the specific materials and method orientation for the relevant leakages is also covered in the study. Waterproofing is an essential aspect and integral part of building construction which ensures the durability, longevity, and structural integrity of buildings. Proper waterproofing safeguards the structure from observable and non-observable damages such as internal or external structural disintegration, Waterproofing although being a complicated activity, is highly generalized in terms of materials to be used. This research explores the different types of materials and their required specifications to be used or not to be used at a particular location in buildings along with listed reasons.
Assessing the carbon emission in concrete production in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) Plants
Authors: G R Darshan , Deshnur Nisarga , Khan Ajaz
Published: August 2024

Sustainability represents a critical challenge in the construction industry as it is the major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with over 40% of the world’s energy-related CO2 emissions originating from the construction and operation of buildings. This research aims to assess the carbon emissions associated with concrete production in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) plants by analyzing type and production specifics, focusing on energy consumption and the types of energy utilized for production. A literature review was conducted to delineate CO2 emitted during concrete production. A total of 13 RMC Plants from the Bangalore region is selected as case studies, and their operational emissions are determined. The study’s results illustrate that concrete production was high in March, April, and May compared to other months in the year. It is observed that plants older than 10 years have higher carbon emissions per cubic meter than newer plants. Also, the plants 100% dependent on electricity as an energy source have a higher carbon emission per cubic meter of concrete produced.
Mechanical and hydraulic properties of pervious concrete incorporating waste PET plastic
Authors: Pahsha Eashan , Gupta Rajesh , Agrawal Vinay
Published: August 2024

These days, building sustainable infrastructure requires human endurance. In this sense, the idea of combining PET (polyethylene terephthalate) with pervious concrete is an intriguing field of study. On the one hand, by enabling water to percolate through voids and lowering surface runoff, pervious concrete helps to replenish groundwater levels. Conversely, waste PET plastic, which is produced more frequently these days, is recycled in building projects. Consequently, this leads to two main benefits: concrete’s mechanical and hydraulic qualities are changed, and plastic waste is effectively managed. This study looks at using leftover PET plastic fibres in varying amounts to create pervious concrete and assesses the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, split. Porosity and permeability were also found to be correlated. Finally, an abrasion resistance test was conducted. Various percentages of PET plastic fibres, specifically 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume were used in place of natural coarse aggregates in this investigation while maintaining a constant water-to-cement ratio of 0.34. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength are all decreased when the amount of PET plastic in the concrete mix is increased. This decline in trend was notable for compressive strength at 20% replacement and for flexure strength at 10% replacement. Porosity, permeability, and abrasion resistance all indicated a progressive increase for different replacement percentages at the same time. The results of the experiment revealed that the porous concrete had an aggregate-to-binder ratio of 0.34 and a weight-to-cement ratio of 0.34.
Evaluation of the addition of coconut fiber variations in corroded concrete mechanical properties
Authors: Zaki Ahmad , Fiardi Oktias , Wira Nindhita Kharisma
Published: August 2024

Concrete mixed with coconut fiber waste is an innovation in using waste as an effort to support sustainable development. Meanwhile, there has been a lot of research related to concrete mixed with coconut fiber, but there is still very limited research on coconut fiber concrete that has been corroded. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of corroded reinforced concrete with variations in coconut fiber of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% of the weight of cement. The specimens used were 10 concrete beams with dimensions of 100 x 100 x 500 mm with a mixture of coconut fiber and a corrosion level of 5%. The corrosion acceleration process uses the impressed current method and flexural strength testing using a single-point loading method in the middle of the span. The results show that the flexural strength value of concrete increases with the addition of the percentage of coconut fiber, resulting in a concrete variation of 0.75%. However, the trend of the flexural strength value is inversely proportional to the trend of the resulting density value because the coconut fiber is not evenly distributed when making the specimen.
Technical reserves for increasing productivity through digital transformation of construction production
Authors: Sinenko Sergey , Savin Ivan , Abramov Ivan , Savina Victoria
Published: August 2024

At a time when cities are growing rapidly and environmental and energy is-sues are becoming increasingly important, efficient use of resources and op-timization of processes in construction are of key importance. From a residential building perspective, these provisions may include such things as improving the energy efficiency of buildings, optimizing construction pro-cesses to reduce time and costs, and introducing new materials and technolo-gies to improve occupant comfort and reduce operating costs. Moreover, in the context of changing climate conditions and the threat of climate change, efficient construction becomes an important factor in mitigating negative envi-ronmental impacts.
An In-Depth Examination of The Critical Factors Affecting the Successful Finalisation of High-Rise Construction Projects
Authors: Jambhulkar Snehil , Agrawal J.D. , Shete Nikhil , Deshpande Sunil , Chipade Amar
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the critical success factors influencing the successful completion of high-rise building projects, focusing on factors such as quality management, time optimization, resource utilization, and cost efficiency. The objectives include identifying these critical factors, analyzing their impact on project timelines and budgets, evaluating best practices, and proposing recommendations for enhancing project efficiency and success rates. The methodology involves a comprehensive analysis that encompasses quality planning, data collection, data analysis using MSP software, and a detailed case study of the Stargaze project in Pune, Maharashtra. Results indicate that effective quality planning, including the use of optimized materials and machinery, contributes significantly to project success. Data analysis using CAD drawings and MSP software facilitates project scheduling, cost estimation, and resource allocation. The study concludes that quality planning, along with critical success factors, is essential for mitigating construction defects and improving project outcomes. However, limitations in current project management tools highlight the need for integrated stakeholder management tools and expanded critical success factors to enhance project evaluation and promote sustainability.
Sustainable Architectural Design Using Laurie Baker’s Method for Building Construction
Authors: Sawadatkar Sushma , Jagtap Aparna , Tikhe Kshitija , Mohare Pooja
Published: August 2024

Affordable and environmentally friendly housing is a major trend in architecture these days. People today want an inexpensive, environmentally sustainable urban lifestyle. It’s a fact that everyone wants to build their home creatively and affordably, but because of a lack of awareness and a tight budget, people are choosing to forego better construction practices that designers and engineers offer. As a result, people are choosing to use unauthorized contractors and subpar building materials for their low-budget construction, which is a major problem these days. In this project, we work on the Rat Trap Bond and Filler Slab Concept for an alternative low-cost construction technique. Filler slab technology is a simple and very innovative technology for slab construction. Architect Sir Laurie Baker provides better Thermal Insulation to buildings. Thus, the RCC slab is a product that resists both compressions as well as tensile. One such building technique is the use of ‘RAT TRAP BOND’ masonry. In this project, we have outlined the importance of Laurie Baker’s technologies along with the construction details and also provided some comparative calculations to highlight the savings that can be achieved against conventional solid brickwork. Also, quantities of material required have been calculated in detail.
Safety considerations, failure scenarios and various factors affecting the behaviour and performance of concrete arch dams
Authors: Panicker K Jiji , Nagarajan Praveen , Thampi Santosh G.
Published: August 2024

Dams which were primarily used for irrigation and water supply in ancient days makes their presence inevitable through their important roles in other arenas such as flood control, hydropower development, navigation, sediment control and water quality etc., as well. The overall basin development depends largely on various dams constructed at various salient location. To the world population –presently at 8 billion- the demand for water which is growing at 2 to 3% annually will be a concern and dams render a helping hand in that perspective. Concrete dams plays a prominent role. The failures of concrete gravity and arch dams are rare compared to other types. Comprehensive studies on dams attributed the failure modes to overtopping, foundation problems, piping, sliding, structural failure, inadequate spillways, earthquake motions and faults in operations etc. Thermal loading is a concern when there are large variations in temperature. Earthquakes can become a cause of failure of dams depending upon salient characteristics of the event, quality of the rock constituting the foundation strata, material of the dam and the design criteria adopted. The design methodologies have undergone commendable changes from the linear-elastic static analyses to dynamic analyses and the design techniques are capable of incorporating non-linearity and also for simulating the near real scenario. The pseudo-static seismic methods gave way to dynamic seismic simulations using the time histories of the seismic activities already occurred with the help of various mathematical models and refined software. Concrete dams are no exception in failures, if they are not implemented and monitored as per the latest guidelines of national and international standards. Apart from seismicity, there are various factors influencing the behaviour and safety of dams. Concrete arch dams are often constructed to impound very large volume. Adoption of state of the art analyses techniques, design as per latest guidelines, studying the performance and behaviour, safety evaluation and continuous dam health monitoring are essential to avert any potential hazard to these invaluable resources. This paper reviews extensively, the various considerations towards the design, behaviour, performance and the failure scenarios of concrete arch dams.
Spatial distribution and influencing factors of rice irrigation water demand based on GIS
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Zhou Tiane , Zheng Shizong , Cheng Heng , Luo Tongyuan
Published: August 2024

The spatiotemporal distribution of irrigation water demand is the main basis for scientifically formulating irrigation quotas and management strategies for different regions. Using daily meteorological data from 15 meteorological stations in the southeastern coastal area of Zhejiang Province over the past 30 years, the Penman Monteith method recommended by FAO was used to calculate the irrigation water demand for rice throughout its entire growth period. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, obtain the spatial distribution map of rice irrigation water demand through inverse distance weight interpolation method. The results show that there is a significant spatial difference in the irrigation water demand for rice in the southeastern coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, with an average annual value ranging from 202.9 to 586.4mm/season. The annual average shows a decreasing distribution pattern from east to west. By analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of rice irrigation water demand in the southeastern coastal areas of Zhejiang, targeted irrigation management strategies are proposed, which can provide scientific basis for irrigation water management in Wenzhou, Taizhou, and Ningbo.
Flow characteristics analysis of an extra–high–head pump–turbine with splitter–blades under high pressure-pulsation condition
Authors: Huang Xingxing , Huang Xiaoying , Bi Huili , Huang Yanqing , Xu Buchao , Wang Zhengwei
Published: August 2024

The new energy system aims to provide reliable, affordable and sustainable energy, and ultimately achieve carbon neutrality. But the unstable renewable energy sources including wind and solar increase the risk to the grid and the power system. The pumped–storage power stations are a good solution to compensate then fluctuating energy and can increase the robustness of the grid. However, the pump–turbine units also suffer from high pressure-pulsations, especially at off-design operating conditions. The flow inside the unit under off-design conditions has very complex hydrodynamic characteristics and generates significant stresses in the prototype pump–turbine units. This work investigates the transient flow characteristics of an extra– high–head pump–turbine prototype with splitter– blades with unsteady CFD simulations. The results show that the pressure-pulsation caused by rotor-stator interaction is the dominant pressure-excitation to the pump– turbine prototype. The excitation frequency is strongly related to the blade number in the rotating frame and the guide-vane number in the non- rotating frame, as well as the rotating frequency of the unit. The flow characteristics at a high pressure-pulsation working condition are extremely complex and unstable. It reduces the efficiencies of the pump–turbine prototype and can generate severe vibrations and stresses on the structural component of the unit. The calculated results of this research can be applied to the structural model to invest in the dynamic characteristics of the pump–turbine unit in the next step.
Numerical Simulation and Application of Swirl Grit Chamber Based on Initial Rain Water Quality
Authors: Zhang Dongguo , Jia Xiaochen , Ding Ye , He Da , Su Zhilong
Published: August 2024

To optimize the operating conditions of the swirl grit chamber, based on the Fluent simulation, the initial rain runoff and water quality of the Binhai Industrial Cluster, numerical simulation and actual methods were used to track the sand particles. Compared with the existing test, results verified the feasibility of the model. Actually, the sand removal rate can reach 55%~90%, which is close to the predicted results of the model; the removal rate of particles with 100μm can reach 73.75%, and the removal rate of particles with 50μm can still reach 45.48%.
Order to disorder transformation in an Ohmic resistor: Quantum theory of Joule heating
Authors: Bringuier Eric
Published: August 2024

The Joule–Lenz heating effect in a resistor is a transformation of ordered (electrochemical) into disordered (thermal) energy. The elementary quantitative account rests upon Ohm’s conduction law. The latter continues to be a theoretical challenge in the 21st century, just as the Joule heating effect at the microscopic level. This work first reviews thermodynamical prolegomena to near-equilibrium electrical conduction. The heating effect (under an applied force field) is argued to be a consequence of the thermalisation mechanism (acting under no force) underpinning the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics. The microscopic theory of thermalisation is worked out in a crystalline solid. Static disorder cannot account for thermalisation of the electron gas at the lattice temperature. The necessary dynamical disorder is handled perturbatively within a Wigner-function-like quantum-mechanical framework. Connection is made with the irreversible Boltzmann–Lorentz description of electron transport via a multiple-scale expansion ; Fermi’s golden rule is reappraised. Classical disorder fails to account for the thermalisation of electrons at the environmental temperature. Quantum disorder embodied in the quantization of lattice vibrations and the entanglement of electrons and phonons correctly account for the Zeroth Law. The mechanism of internal thermal equilibration of the environment is discussed.
Assessing labor productivity in the harvest of crops planted with Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis crossings in an oil palm plantation from Colombia
Authors: Camperos-Reyes Jhonatan Eduardo , Sánchez-Rodriguez Sonia , Pulido-Álvarez Néstor Fernando , Ruiz-Alvarez Elizabeth , Mosquera-Montoya Mauricio
Published: August 2024

In Colombia, crossings of Elaeis oleifera by Elaeis guineensis (OxG hybrids) were planted after Bud Rot outbreaks. These OxG hybrids had not been planted before, so management practices were adapted from those developed for Elaeis guineensis crops. The harvest of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is one of the tasks with the greatest share on production costs and the most labor demanding in an oil palm plantation. The objective of this study was to bridge the knowledge gap on the measurement of harvest performance for OxG hybrid to ensure crop sustainability. Therefore, a time and motion study, and its corresponding costs analysis were developed for an OxG cultivar in a plantation in the Colombian oil palm growing Central Zone. We found out that on average, cutters spend 40.4% of their effective working time inspecting oil palm bunches to assess if they are at optimal harvest time (OHT), compared to 15.9% taken for E. guineensis, likely because OxG hybrid harvest requires the consideration of three harvest criteria. Labor productivity in terms of the tons of FFB harvested, increased by 55% from low to high productivity lots, but the area covered by workers decreased by 51.7%. The latter suggests that the number of harvest operators should be assigned according to crop yield. Furthermore, it was observed that labor productivity for harvesting OxG crops in this study fell within the range of values reported for E. guineensis harvest in Colombia. Notwithstanding, the harvest criteria for OxG hybrid of more than 3 meters high need improvement to overcome the difficulty of inspecting bunches.
Tumorassoziierte Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert
Published: August 2024

Aktuelle Leitlinien Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen jetzt zur Behandlung der krebsassoziierten Thrombose (CAT) den Einsatz von direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (dFXa-I), gleichwertig zum niedermolekularen Heparin (NMH) – zum Teil wird dFXa-I präferiert. Die Leitlinien stimmen auch in ihren Warnungen überein, dFXa-I wegen des Blutungsrisikos bei gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren mit Vorsicht einzusetzen, insbesondere, wenn der Tumor noch nicht reseziert ist. Mögliche Wechselwirkungen mit der Anti-Krebstherapie sind ebenfalls zu beachten. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur parenteralen Therapie mit NMH oder zur oralen Therapie richtet sich nach der Tumorart, dem Stadium, Begleiterkrankungen, der Aggressivität der Antikrebstherapie und der Patientenpräferenz.

Verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe Von einer Dosisreduktion in der verlängerten Sekundärprophylaxe wird abgeraten, da das Rezidivrisiko bei CAT-Patienten sehr hoch ist und aktuell noch keine Evidenz aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien vorliegt. Erste retrospektive Daten legen nahe, dass diese Dosisreduktion auch für individuell ausgewählte CAT-Patienten sicher und effektiv sein kann.

Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien im Tumorstaging Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), die bei Screening-Untersuchungen zufällig entdeckt werden, sollten nach den Leitlinien genauso wie symptomatische VTE behandelt werden. Auch wegen des etwas niedrigeren Rezidivrisikos bei gleichzeitigem Blutungsrisiko erscheint eine niedrigere Intensität der Antikoagulation möglich; dies wurde aber bislang nicht untersucht. Die Patienten sollten in jedem Fall genau nach möglichen Symptomen befragt werden, da symptomatische Patienten mit inzidenteller VTE die gleichen Komplikationsraten aufweisen wie generell Patienten mit symptomatischer VTE.
Ungesunde Ernährung als Risikofaktor ausschalten
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Ungesunde Ernährung ist mit einem Anteil von etwa 20–30 % ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines kolorektalen Karzinoms (CRC). Insgesamt werden rund 50 % aller CRC nach aktuellen Schätzungen durch Lebensstilfaktoren begünstigt. Die MyBestGI-Studie sammelt derzeit in den USA Erfahrungen, wie man das CRC-Risiko über eine Ernährungs-App verbessern kann.
Vaginale Östrogentherapie bei HR + BC und Bewegung bei mBC
Authors: Maugg Doris
Published: August 2024

Zwei Studien, die auf dem EMSO Breast Cancer vorgestellt wurden, befassten sich mit der sexuellen Gesundheit von Brustkrebsüberlebenden: Bei Patientinnen mit Hormonrezeptor-positivem Brustkrebs (HR + BC) und Aromataseinhibitoren (AI) sollten Alternativen zur vaginalen Östrogentherapie (VET) ausgeschöpft werden. Und Daten aus Deutschland zeigen: Bewegung beeinflusst die sexuelle Funktionalität bei Frauen mit mBC.
Echtzeit-MRT: Eine Revolution in der Kinderradiologie?
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Sorge Ina , Wolfgang Hirsch Franz
Published: August 2024

Die MRT ist für die meisten Fragestellungen in der Pädiatrie die Spitze der Bildgebung. Dass sie dennoch im Vergleich zu Ultraschall und Röntgen sehr selten angewandt wird, hat nicht nur mit der geringeren Verbreitung der großen MRT-Scanner zu tun: Ein wesentliches Hindernis ist, dass Kinder in der konventionellen MRT absolut stillliegen müssen – eine insbesondere bei kleinen, unkooperativen Säuglingen und Kleinkindern nicht erfüllbare Voraussetzung, weshalb MRT-Untersuchungen in diesem Alter regelhaft in medikamentöser Sedierung durchgeführt werden müssen.

Eine neue MRT-Technik, die sogenannte Echtzeit-MRT, kann dieses Hindernis überwinden. Mit bis zu 50 Bildern pro Sekunde beeinflussen Bewegungen des Kindes die diagnostische Qualität nicht länger. Die Technik wurde bereits erfolgreich bei Kindern an Kopf, Herz und Lunge angewandt. Hierdurch ließ sich die Sedierungsrate bei kleinen Kindern relevant senken. Für weitere Einsatzgebiete gibt es vielversprechende erste Erfahrungen. Für eine erfolgreiche Etablierung der Echtzeit-MRT in den kinderradiologischen Workflow ist jedoch ein Umdenken bei Pädiatern sowie Radiologen erforderlich, da diese Form der ultraschnellen MRT nicht mehr jede denkbare Krankheitsursache klären will. Vielmehr fokussiert sie ihre Aussagekraft auf besonders schwere oder frequente Differenzialdiagnosen.

Im richtigen Setting und mit fokussierten Fragestellungen revolutioniert die Echtzeit-MRT als bisher vermisstes Bindeglied zwischen breit verfügbarem Ultraschall und der konventionellen High-End-MRT die Kinderradiologie.
„Wer kümmert sich um uns?“ Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsuntersuchung
zur psychosozialen Gesundheit von Geburtshelfer*innen und Hebammen nach
traumatischen Geburtserlebnissen
Authors: Hüner Beate , Kehl Sven , Stelzl Patrick , Friedl Thomas W. P. , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Lunkenheimer Frederike
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund: Traumatische Geburten führen nicht nur zu emotionalem Stress
für die werdenden Eltern, sondern können auch die psychosoziale Gesundheit von
Hebammen und Geburtshelfer*innen aufgrund ihrer beruflichen Anforderungen
beeinträchtigen.

Ziel der Studie: Evaluation des Einflusses traumatischer Geburtserlebnisse
auf die psychosoziale Gesundheit von geburtshilflichem Gesundheitspersonal.

Methodik: Querschnittsuntersuchung unter Anwendung validierter
Messinstrumente (Impact of Event Scale Revised IES-R, Copenhagen Burnout
Inventory CBI) und Erhebung des posttraumatischen Wachstums (PGI-SF) durch eine
Online-Befragung von Hebammen und Geburtshelfer*innen im deutschsprachigen Raum.

Ergebnisse: Die Studie umfasst 700 Teilnehmer*innen mit peripartalen
und/oder persönlichen Traumata. Die 33 Teilnehmer*innen (6,3% der 528
Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem IES-R ) mit einer posttraumatische
Belastungsstörung (PTBS) erhielten seltener Unterstützung durch Kolleg*innen
(p=0,007) und zogen häufiger Konsequenzen am Arbeitsplatz (p<0,001) als
Teilnehmer*innen ohne PTBS. Ein moderates bis hohes Burnout-Level ergab sich für
66,2% der 542 Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem CBI. Bei 75,9% der 528
Teilnehmer*innen mit ausgefülltem PGI-SF zeigte sich durch das Erleben eines
Traumas ein persönliches Wachstum.

Schlussfolgerung: Die psychosoziale Gesundheit von Hebammen und
Geburtshelfern ist durch traumatische Geburtserlebnisse gefährdet.
Screening-Untersuchungen und das Angebot kollegialer und professioneller
Nachbesprechungen zur Stärkung der Resilienz sind wesentliche präventive
Maßnahmen.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes
Authors: Raphelson Janna Rae , Fuentes Ana Lucia , Holloway Breanna , Malhotra Atul
Published: August 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with major neurocognitive and cardiometabolic consequences. It is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease with multiple different underlying mechanisms (endotypes) as well as variable clinical expression of disease (phenotypes). The importance of this variability is emphasized since one variable in isolation typically explains only a fraction of the variance in OSA occurrence. This review provides an update of what is known regarding OSA heterogeneity. The importance of OSA endotypes is discussed in the context of how mechanism might affect disease management and/or design of subsequent randomized trials. Further research is recommended to provide further validation of OSA endophenotypes and how this information may influence clinical management in the future.
Anterior Cutaneous Neurectomy—Child's Play?
Authors: Vasu Srivatsan Thirumalai , Karunakaran Sudish , P. Gangadharan V. , Oommen Arun , Ajanvi Ajay Kumar , Chiluka Anil , Gangadharan Govind , Paul Renu
Published: August 2024

Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is a common entity in the pediatric population and has an extensive differential diagnosis. Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is an etiology that is not often diagnosed and requires an individualized approach. Treatment options for ACNES include nonsurgical and surgical, often a graded approach is used. A 12-year-old boy presented with CAP, and was extensively evaluated as well as underwent multiple abdominal surgeries. He was eventually diagnosed with ACNES and underwent a trial conservative management. Although he initially showed improvement, his pain returned. He later underwent a neurectomy procedure with significant postoperative relief. The patient experienced significant relief postprocedure. He experienced up to 70% relief in pain in the immediate postoperative period and at the end of 3 months, pain was completely absent. The patient was able to return to all his activities including active sports. The diagnosis and management of ACNES is a challenging condition, but this report seeks to highlight its importance as an unusual cause. Literature on the management of this condition is scarce, making it difficult to make informed decisions. Surgical neurectomy is seen as a favored procedure for children with moderate-good pain relief, especially for those who do not respond satisfactorily to local blocks.
Calvarial Tuberculosis: Shifting Paradigm from Surgical to Conservative Approach
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Aggarwal Varun , Krishna Gopal , Singh Ishwar , Vinay Vinay , Holkar Praveen S.
Published: August 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease in developing countries like India. However, incidence of calvarial TB is very low and it presents in varied forms posing a diagnostic dilemma and delay in management.

Objective This article reports a case series of 15 patients with varied presentations of calvarial TB from a tertiary care superspeciality center of Haryana state in India.

Materials and Methods Study is a retrospective analysis of 15 patients with calvarial TB treated between 2018 and 2021 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical features, radiological findings, surgical and medical management, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results Of the 15 patients, 9 were males and age ranged between 12 and 45 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 2.9 months (range 1–5 months). The most common presenting symptoms were scalp swelling, discharging sinus, and pain. Four patients were treatment defaulters of pulmonary TB and two patients were found human immunodeficiency virus positive. Brain imaging showed peripherally enhancing extradural collection with bone erosions in most cases. Eleven patients were managed conservatively with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or local debridement/sinus excision. Four patients were managed surgically with drainage of collection, excision of necrotic bone, followed by antitubercular therapy. One patient needed cerebrospinal fluid diversion for associated hydrocephalous with tubercular meningitis which could not recover and succumbed.

Conclusion Calvarial TB is a rare occurrence of common prevalent diseases. Conservative management with FNAC and sinus excision followed by antitubercular treatment are the mainstay of treatment. Surgery should be reserved for extensive lesion or lesion with mass effect.
Facing sustainable city challenges: the quest for attra-chment
Authors: Argento Daniela , Imre Özgün , Johansson Michael , Rönkkö Kari
Published: August 2024

To face the challenges of sustainable urban development, city managers and decision makers involve citizens in place (re)making. However, not all citizens engage in participatory place (re)making because their attachment to the place varies. In addition, different opinions of how to enhance place attractiveness exist. This paper aims to explore the role of place attachment and attractiveness in participatory sustainable urban development. The research question is: how do city managers and decision makers incorporate place attachment and attractiveness while engaging citizens in sustainable city (re)making? By adopting a case study approach with empirical focus on the sustainable development of Näsby district, Kristianstad City (Sweden), this paper shows that a key element of participatory place (re)making is to address both attractiveness and attachment simultaneously and throughout the entire process. City managers and decision makers should be aware of the intertwined nature of place attractiveness and attachment, coined as “attra-chment”, by thinking about the multiple bonds that citizens have with their place, as well as what they find attractive, i.e. what they like and want. When citizens’ emotional attachment to the place is considered and valued in all phases of participatory sustainable urban development, their engagement in place (re)making can be a propulsive force for attractiveness.