bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of donor CLL-1 CAR-T cells for the treatment of relapsed of acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Jiaxi , Lu Wenyi , Xiao Xia , Lyu Hairong , He Xiaoyuan , Pu Yedi , Meng Juanxia , Lyu Cuicui , Cao Xinping , Zhao Mingfeng
Published: January 2025

Background

Human C-type lectin-like molecule 1 (CLL-1) represents a promising therapeutic target for Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of donor-derived CLL-1 CAR-T cells in AML patients who experienced relapsed post-transplantation.

Methods

14 AML patients who experienced relapse following allogeneic HSCT were enrolled in our clinical trial. However, 2 patients withdrew from the study due to rapid disease progression. 12 participants received donor-derived CLL-1 CAR-T cells and were categorized into 3 groups based on the dosage of infused CAR-T cells dose (Group A:0.5×106/kg, Group B:1×106/kg, Group C:1.5×106/kg). And scRNA-seq was used to reveal CLL-1 CAR-T cells dynamics in a CAR-T cells infusion products and PBMCs at the peak of expansion for patient 4.

Results

CLL-1 CAR-T cells were well tolerated by all 12 patients. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) was observed in all patients, with 5 patients experiencing grade ≥3. 3 patients developed cytokine release syndrome-associated encephalopathy (CRES), and 1 patient had a grade 4 severity level. All patients demonstrated a reduction in tumor burden, while 7 patients (58.33%) achieved MRD-CR and 2 patients (16.67%) reached MRD+CR. CAR-T cells expansion was detectable in all 12 patients, with the median time of peak expansion was 9 days (range: 7-11 days). In patient 4, compared to the pre-reinfusion state, CD4+ cells at the peak of expansion showed upregulation of cell killing-related genes and memory T cell-related genes (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The CLL-1 CAR-T cells therapy derived from allogeneic donors demonstrates both safety and efficacy in the management of relapsed AML following allogeneic HSCT. And adjusting the ratio of CD4+ CAR-T cells and CD8+ CAR-T cells prior to infusion may help mitigate CAR-T cell-related side effects.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2000041054.
Forecasting the seasonal phenology of Agrotis ipsilon in Oregon grass seed and vegetable agroecosystems
Authors: Slone Emma , Green Jessica , Kaur Navneet , Walenta Darrin L. , Anderson Nicole P. , Cruse Casey , Dorman Seth J.
Published: January 2025

Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a significant pest in Oregon grass seed and vegetable production systems. Effective management of this species relies on timely foliar insecticide applications targeting immature A. ipsilon larvae before crop damage is observed. Regionally specific phenological models serve as a critical component of effective areawide pest management plans to inform the timing of pest monitoring and management action. Seasonal modeling of A. ipsilon phenology is complicated by their migratory behavior and limited knowledge of temperature-dependent development on affected crop hosts. Growth chamber experiments at five constant temperatures (12 to 32°C) were conducted to determine the temperature-dependent development of A. ispsilon life stages on an artificial and perennial ryegrass diet. The completion of one A. ipsilon generation (egg-to-adult) required 658.71 ± 31.49, 601.98 ± 16.01, 648.47 ± 21.35 degree days with a base temperature threshold of 9.8°C for artificial diet, perennial ryegrass diet, and across both diet types, respectively. The timing of migrant adults was predicted with surface air temperature using non-linear regression with A. ipsilon abundance data collected from pheromone-baited traps in 77 total commercial grass seed (n = 57) and vegetable (n = 20) production fields across 19 sampling years (1996 to 2023). Developmental parameters and predictions of adult arrival were used to develop general and grass seed specific phenology model projections for A. ipsilon populations in Oregon. Regionally validated phenology models can be incorporated into decision support tools to forecast the spatiotemporal occurrence of crop-damaging life stages of priority insect pests.
Case report: An incidental finding of a left-sided supernumerary kidney
Authors: Getachew Aklilu , Suga Nathan K. , Suga Jochebed K. , Kiflemariam Nuhamin D.
Published: January 2025

A supernumerary kidney is an extremely rare congenital renal anomaly that is characterized by the presence of one or more extra kidneys. Unilateral cases occur more commonly on the left side. Reporting such uncommon anomalies is important for several reasons, such as improving diagnosis and treatment, educating clinicians and radiologists about the identification and treatment of supernumerary kidneys, and comparing the case to existing literature to highlight similarities and differences in presentation, management, or outcomes. A 35-year-old male patient presented to our hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with left lower flank pain. His blood pressure was elevated during the initial visit; however, the results of the physical examination and laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Abdominopelvic ultrasound and computed tomographic (CT) urography confirmed the diagnosis of a left-sided supernumerary kidney, with no associated abnormalities. In such cases, the diagnosis of a supernumerary kidney is made using an abdominal ultrasound scan, intravenous urography (IVU), CT urography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment depends on the patient’s symptoms. Asymptomatic cases must be followed up regularly. If a supernumerary kidney is nonfunctional or associated with other abnormalities, a nephrectomy is indicated. We treated our patient with adequate analgesia and scheduled a follow-up.
MHC class II of different non-professional antigen-presenting cells mediate multiple effects of crosstalk with CD4+T cells in lung diseases
Authors: Wang Ming-Yan , Qiao Yu , Wei Shan-Jie , Su Zhao-Liang , Lu Hong-Yan
Published: January 2025

The respiratory system is continuously exposed to the outside world, making it vulnerable to airborne particles and harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses that can enter through breathing. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) have a vital function in the innate immune response as they present antigens to T cells and initiate the response of adaptive immune cells. Professional APCs engulf foreign microorganisms and display their peptides to T lymphocytes using MHC molecules. MHC II on their cell surface and potentially present antigen to CD4+T cells. Furthermore, various other types of cells have similar function that can also serve as APCs by expressing MHC II, thus impacting the progression of lung diseases, such as alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), eosinophils, interstitial cells, mast cells, etc. express MHC II and present antigen. The non-professional APCs type and the extra signals it provides have a direct impact on CD4+T cell programming and downstream effector mechanisms. Here, we summarize the existing research on the expression of MHC II on non-professional APCs in different lung diseases and its influence on CD4+T differentiation types and disease outcomes, in order to further clarify the role of MHC II of different non-professional APCs in lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.
Diagnostic performance of multi-branch coronary angiography-based index of microcirculatory resistance: a novel approach
Authors: Fan Yongzhen , Wang Shuang , Cai Xinyong , Lu Zhibing , Ma Jun , Lan Hongzhi , Hu Xiaorong
Published: January 2025

Background

Wire-based index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) utilizing pressure wires and thermodilution techniques for the assessment of coronary microcirculatory function, presents challenges for clinical routine use due to its complexity, time-consuming, and costly. This study introduces a novel multi-branch and wire-free method for IMR calculation based on coronary angiography. The diagnostic performance of CAG-IMR is validated within a retrospective single-center investigation.

Methods

In a retrospective single-center study, 139 patients with 201 vessels were evaluated using CAG-IMR for coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) detection, utilizing wire-based IMR as the reference standard. CMD was determined based on wire-based IMR ≥25U. CAG-IMR was independently calculated from diagnostic coronary angiography in a blinded fashion, employing the same diagnostic threshold of 25U for CMD identification.

Results

CAG-IMR demonstrated significant correlation (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and good diagnostic performance AUC = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) compared to wire-based IMR. It exhibited the overall diagnostic accuracy at 95.0% (95% CI: 92.0%−98.0%), alongside high sensitivity (92.7%) and specificity (95.6%). The positive predictive value (PPV) stood at 84.4%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) reached 98.1%.

Conclusions

This study introduces CAG-IMR, a novel, multi-branch and wire-free method for IMR calculation. The indicator demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy and correlation with wire-based IMR in a cohort of 139 patients and 201 vessels, with the potential to enhance clinical CMD assessment.
Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic phage K14-2 infecting diverse species of the genus Klebsiella and Raoultella
Authors: Kang Seomin , Han Jeong-Eun , Choi Young-Sik , Jeong In-Chul , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: January 2025

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria pose a significant global threat to public health, particularly among patients with critical nosocomial infection. Notably, the genera Klebsiella and Raoultella are of concern due to their association with human infections and the transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes. Phage therapy has recently garnered attention as a novel approach to treating these infections. However, the efficacy of this method relies on phages with a broad host range. In this study, the phage K14-2 with a wide host range was isolated from a river water sample using Klebsiella pneumoniae as the host. The biological properties of the phage were characterized by assessing its multiplicity of infection, killing curve, one-step growth curve, and stability across different pH levels and temperatures. The morphological analysis revealed that the phage closely resembled myovirus. The host range included 15 strains across 6 species from Klebsiella, Raoultella, and Escherichia genera. The genome of K14-2 was found to be double-stranded DNA, comprising 175,759 base pairs with a GC content of 41.8%. Genome annotation revealed 280 protein-coding genes, of which 96 had assigned functions. The phage with the highest genomic similarity to K14-2 was vB_KpM-Milk. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the major capsid protein revealed that the phage belonged to the genus Slopekvirus of the Straboviridae family. Given these characteristics, the discovery of the novel phage K14-2, with its broad host range, holds potential for enhancing the effectiveness of phage therapy in future studies.
Impairment of neuronal activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex occurs early in parkinsonism
Authors: Hjelle Noah , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Hubbard Tanner , Johnson Matthew D. , Wang Jing , Johnson Luke A. , Vitek Jerrold L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often characterized by altered rates and patterns of neuronal activity in the sensorimotor regions of the basal ganglia thalamocortical network. Little is known, however, regarding how neuronal activity in the executive control network of the brain changes in the parkinsonian condition.

Objective

Investigate the impact of parkinsonism on neuronal activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key region in executive control, during a go/nogo reaching task.

Methods

Using a within-subject design, single and multi-unit neuronal activity was recorded in the DLPFC of a nonhuman primate (n = 1) before and after the induction of mild parkinsonism using the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Results

Coincident with development of mild parkinsonian motor signs, there was a marked reduction in the percentage of DLPFC cells with significant task-related firing rate modulation during go and nogo conditions.

Conclusion

These results suggest that DLPFC dysfunction may occur early in parkinsonism and contribute to cognitive impairments and disrupted executive function often observed in PD patients.
Association between oxidative balance scores and peripheral artery disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Min , He Peng-Fei , Zhang Keren , Deng Li-Juan , Wang Ning , Wang Gang , Yang Guang-Yao , Ju Shang
Published: January 2025

Background

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) quantifies the overall oxidative stress burden, with higher scores indicating greater antioxidant (relative to prooxidant) activity. This study aimed to examine the association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and OBS.

Methods and materials

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2004) were analyzed for participants with ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements. The total Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) comprised a lifestyle OBS (four lifestyle categories) and a dietary OBS (16 dietary factors). Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between PAD and total OBS, lifestyle OBS, and dietary OBS. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses assessed dose–response relationships between ABI, PAD, and OBS. Mediation analyses investigated the roles of glucolipid metabolism and renal function in the OBS-PAD association. Sensitivity and stratification analyses were conducted to ensure robustness.

Results

This study included 2,437 eligible adult participants. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for multiple potential confounders, revealed negative associations between lifestyle OBS (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.00), total OBS (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99), and the likelihood of PAD (all p < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between total OBS and PAD, with the likelihood of PAD decreasing as total OBS increased p for nonlinearity = 0.736. Dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS, and total OBS all showed positive linear correlations with ABI levels (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and creatinine (CREA) mediated 5.9 and 0.8% of the association between total OBS and PAD, respectively (all p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the negative association between total OBS and PAD p < 0.05, supporting the stability of the results. Stratified analyses highlighted the significant influence of Age, particularly in the younger population aged 20–44 years, a group warranting greater attention.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that higher total OBS is associated with a lower likelihood of PAD. Adopting an antioxidant-rich diet alongside a healthy lifestyle may help mitigate PAD risk. Additionally, modulating FPG and CREA levels could offer potential value in addressing the link between low OBS and PAD.
Association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and constipation: a cross-sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Zhang Zhuhui , Bi Chunlu , Wu Runsheng , Qu Muwen
Published: January 2025

Objective

The dietary index for gut microbiota. DI-GM is an innovative metric designed to capture the diversity of the gut microbiome, yet its association with constipation remains unstudied.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 11,405 adults aged 20 and older were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010 for the sample. Constipation was defined as fewer than three defecation frequencies per week using bowel health questionnaire (BHQ). Fewer than three bowel movements per week were considered as constipation by Bowel Health Questionnaire (BHQ). DI-GM was derived from dietary recall data, including avocado, broccoli, chickpeas, coffee, cranberries, fermented dairy, fiber, green tea, soybean and whole grains as beneficial elements, red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and high fat as detrimental components. Multivariable weighted logistic was employed to investigate the association of DI-GM with constipation. Secondary analyses included subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and multiple imputation.

Results

A higher DI-GM and beneficial gut microbiota score were associated with a lower prevalence of constipation (DI-GM: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.90; beneficial gut microbiota score: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.89). After grouping DI-GM, in the fully adjusted model, participants with DI-GM ≥ 6 were significantly negatively correlated with both the prevalence of constipation (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.71). RCS indicated a non-linear relationship between DI-GM and constipation. Subgroup analyses by age, sex and common complications showed no statistically significant interactions (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The newly proposed DI-GM was inversely related with the prevalence of constipation. When treating patients with constipation, it is necessary for clinicians to provide timely and effective dietary interventions incorporating the DI-GM for patients with constipation to avoid further deterioration of the condition.
Radiomics in rectal cancer: current status of use and advances in research
Authors: Huang Wei-Qin , Lin Ruo-Xuan , Ke Xiao-Hui , Deng Xiao-Hong , Ni Shi-Xiong , Tang Lina
Published: January 2025

Rectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with malignant tumors in China. In light of the advances made in therapeutic approaches such as neoadjuvant therapy and total mesorectal excision, precise preoperative assessment has become crucial for developing a personalized treatment plan. As an emerging technology, radiomics has gained widespread application in the diagnosis, assessment of treatment response, and analysis of prognosis for rectal cancer by extracting high-throughput quantitative features from medical images. Radiomics thus demonstrates considerable potential for optimizing clinical decision-making. In this paper, we reviewed recent research focusing on advances in the use of radiomics for managing rectal cancer. The review covers TNM staging of tumors, assessment of neoadjuvant therapy outcomes, and survival prediction. We also discuss the challenges and prospects for future developments in translational medicine, particularly the need for data standardization, consistent feature extraction methodologies, and rigorous model validation.
Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity increase the risk of low Apgar scores in twins: a population-based cohort study in China
Authors: Feng Zhoushan , Wu Xiaohong , Tong Xiaomei , He Zheng , Yang Chunxia , Shen Wei , Ding Yueqin , Liu Jin , Meng Qiong , Zhang Aiqin , Jiang Hong , Yan Wenkang , Qiu Jianwu , Wei Xian , Zhang Yayu , Lin Xiaobo , Liu Lijun , Jin Ya , Wei Youfen , Yang Xiufang , Wang Yitong , Cai Yangfan , Lin Xinzhu , Cui Qiliang
Published: January 2025

Objective

While prepregnancy overweight or obesity is known to negatively impact maternal health, its effect on twin infants is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study to investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy weight and health outcomes in twins.

Study design

This study collected data from 22 healthcare units across 12 regions in China between January 2018 and December 2020. To control for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and overlapping weighting models (OW) were applied to explore the effects of prepregnancy BMI on Apgar scores and other outcomes.

Results

After screening, a total of 4,724 women with twin pregnancies and 9,448 newborns were included in the study. Compared to normal prepregnancy weight, prepregnancy overweight/obesity significantly increased the risk of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes in mothers [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.85 (1.55–2.21) and 1.49 (1.27–1.74), respectively]. It also increased the incidence of twins with a 1-min Apgar score ≤7, whether they were larger or smaller [1.60 (1.20–2.13) and 1.45 (1.09–1.92), respectively]. Sensitivity analyses using PSM [1.60 (1.20–2.13) and 1.55 (1.07–2.25)], IPTW [1.67 (1.31–2.12) and 1.48 (1.17–1.87)], and OW [1.65 (1.08–2.57) and 1.47 (0.97–2.25)] confirmed the stability of these results. However, it did not affect the likelihood of a 5-min Apgar score ≤7 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.24–2.17) and 1.40 (0.70–2.73)]. In contrast, prepregnancy underweight was associated with a reduced incidence of twins with a 1-min Apgar score ≤7 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.32–0.92) and 0.58 (0.34–0.94)], but had no effect on the 5-min Apgar score ≤7 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.24–2.17) and 0.22 (0.01–1.08)]. Prepregnancy BMI did not significantly affect twin birth weight discordance, NICU admission, preterm birth, or low birth weight.

Conclusion

Maternal overweight/obesity before pregnancy increases the risk of hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes in twin pregnancies and significantly raises the likelihood of twins having a low 1-min Apgar score. However, no significant impact on 5-min Apgar scores was observed. These findings highlight the importance of managing weight before pregnancy and ensuring readiness for neonatal resuscitation during delivery.
Lung ultrasound to evaluate the outcome and prognosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Jiang Peng , Wei Jing , Han Meiying
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is generally self-limiting. The increasing incidence of severe cases and lack of comprehensive studies on its clinical outcomes and influencing factors highlight the need for improved diagnostic and monitoring tools. This study aimed to assess the lung ultrasonographic features, recovery durations, and factors influencing TTN.

Methods

Two hundred neonates with wet lungs were selected as the TTN group and divided into mild (132/200) and severe (68/200) groups. Two hundred neonates without pulmonary disease served as controls. The acute-phase lung ultrasonographic features of the two groups were compared. According to the clinical recovery duration, TTN group was divided into group A (<5 days, 191/200) and group B (≥5 days, 9/200). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between clinically relevant factors and the recovery time.

Results

The time that was required for the 200 neonates to fully recover without symptoms was 2.3 ± 1.33 days. The average clinical recovery durations of neonates with mild illness, those who required non-invasive ventilation, and those who required invasive ventilation were 1.42 ± 0.50, 3.36 ± 0.51, and 6.00 ± 1.12 days, respectively. The differences between the groups were significant (P < 0.05). Type II respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), and heart failure were important factors affecting the recovery time.

Conclusion

The lung ultrasonographic signs differed based on the degree of wet lungs. Moreover, type II respiratory failure, ARDS, PPHN, and heart failure are important factors prolonging the course of TTN in neonates.
Elocalcitol, a fluorinated vitamin D derivative, prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity via SCAP downregulation and miR-146a-associated mechanisms
Authors: Jürgenson Monika , Chithanathan Keerthana , Orav Aivar , Jaako Külli , Viil Janeli , Guha Mithu , Kask Kalev , Zharkovsky Alexander
Published: January 2025

Background

Obesity is an emerging health problem worldwide as it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, mental disorders, and cancer. Therapeutic weight management remains one of the options for the treatment of excess weight and associated comorbidities. In this study, the therapeutic potential of elocalcitol, a fluorinated derivative of vitamin D, was studied on the model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice.

Results

It was demonstrated that co-administration of elocalcitol in the doses 15 ug/kg (i.p.) twice a week for 16 weeks prevented body weight gain by approximately 15%. The significant retardation in the body weight gain was observed already on the second week of elocalcitol treatment. Administration of elocalcitol also reduced visceral and epididymal fat accumulation by 55% and 35%, respectively, metabolic syndrome development, and lipid droplets accumulation in the liver of mice exposed to HFD. In contrast, the administration of cholecalciferol (vitamin D)—a precursor to calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D, did not affect significantly the signs of obesity and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that the anti-obese effects of elocalcitol are not related to the canonical vitamin D receptor (VDR). Further studies have demonstrated that the preventive effect of elocalcitol is associated with the decreased levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and upregulation insulin-inducing gene-1 (Insig1) mRNA expression suggesting that the anti-obese effect of elocalcitol is mediated via inhibition of SREBP-mediated lipogenesis. We also demonstrated that elocalcitol prevents an increase in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf), and interleukin-18 (Il18), and this effect was associated with upregulation of microRNA-146a (miR-146a). Deletion of the miR-146a gene reduced the anti-obese effects of elocalcitol and prevented its actions on the SCAP levels. The data indicate that elocalcitol’s reduction of SCAP is at least partly mediated by miR-146a modulation.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that elocalcitol prevents HFD-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice, likely by inhibiting SREBP-mediated lipogenesis and upregulating miR-146a. These findings provide valuable insights into the anti-obesity mechanisms of fluorinated D-vitamin analogs and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for obesity prevention.
Effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties on leaf bud sprouting for rapid multiplication of planting materials
Authors: Meibuko Ngakwi Masai , Mtui Hosea Dunstan , Baltazari Anna
Published: January 2025

A drawback associated with conventional clonal propagation of cassava is its limited multiplication ratio, which poses challenges for both cassava crop enhancement and seed system initiatives. This study was aimed to evaluate the response of varieties on the sprouting ability of their leaf buds from the upper, middle, and lower positions of mature plant branches for rapid multiplication of planting materials. Five varieties, namely, Kizimbani, Mkombozi, Mkumba, TARICASS 4, and Mkuranga 1, were selected. The criteria for selection were resistance to green mites (Mononychellus tanajoa), a common cassava serious insect pest; Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD), the most serious cassava viral diseases; and high-yielding, dry matter, and starch content potentials. The experiment was conducted in a screen house where the leaf buds from mature mother plant branches were planted in a growth cage measuring 3.0 m × 1.5 m × 3.5 m made of metal pipes and covered with a transparent polyethylene sheet for sprouting. The design used was randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split–split plot arrangement with three replications. Varieties were the main plot factor, media as a subplot factor, and leaf bud position as a sub–sub plot factor. Results showed that variety had significant effects (p < 0.001) on number of nodes, percent sprouting, number of sprouts, and days to 50% sprouting, and a significant difference (p < 0.01) on percent survival rates and days to first sprouting. The effects of leaf bud position had significant effects (p < 0.001) on the number of leaf buds, percent sprouting, number of sprouts, days to first sprouting, and percent survival rates. The media used showed significant effects on days to first sprouting (p < 0.01) and first sprouting. TARICASS 4 was the most promising variety for rapid multiplication of cassava planting materials using the leaf bud technique due to its superior performance. The use of coco peat and peat moss media generally led to early and more successful sprouting. These results are important as a basis for selecting varieties for propagation using the leaf bud technique for rapid multiplication of planting materials for breeding and seed production purposes.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity stress mitigation in plants
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Lackóová Lenka
Published: January 2025

In recent decades, climate change has caused a decrease in rainfall, increasing sea levels, temperatures rising, and as a result, an expansion in salt marshes across the globe. An increase in water and soil salinity has led to a decline in the cultivated areas in different areas, and consequently, a substantial decrease in crop production. Therefore, it has forced scientists to find cheap, effective and environmentally friendly methods to minimize salinity’s impact on crops. One of the best strategies is to use beneficial soil microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in order to increase plant tolerance to salt. The findings of this review showed that salinity can severely impact the morphological, physiological, and biochemical structures of plants, lowering their productivity. Although plants have natural capabilities to deal with salinity, these capacities are limited depending on plant type, and variety, as well as salinity levels, and other environmental factors. Furthermore, result of the present review indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have a significant effect on increasing plant resistance in saline soils by improving the soil structure, as well as stimulating various plant factors including photosynthesis, antioxidant defense system, secondary metabolites, absorption of water and nutrients.
Molecular mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci for content of micronutrients in wheat grain
Authors: Chen Xiangdong , You Junchao , Dong Nannan , Wu Di , Zhao Die , Yong Rui , Hu Wenjing
Published: January 2025

Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) are essential micronutrients for human health. However, the genetic basis for the content of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se in wheat grains remains unclear. A recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population derived from Yangmai 4/Yanzhan 1 (YM4/YZ1) with wheat 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and micronutrient content of two environments was used to construct a genetic linkage map and dissect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the content of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se in wheat. A total of 8 QTL were detected and located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2D, 4D, 7A, and 7D, respectively. Among them, QFe.yaas-2D and QSe.yaas-2D were co-located on chromosome 2D, while QMn.yaas-4D and QZn.yaas-4D were co-located on chromosome 4D, which were in the dwarfing locus of Rht-D1 region. The positive alleles of QCu.yaas-1A, QMn.yaas-1B, and QZn.yaas-7D were contributed by YZ1 and explained 7.66–19.92% of the phenotypic variances, while the positive alleles of QFe.yaas-2D, QSe.yaas-2D, QMn.yaas-4D, QZn.yaas-4D, and QCu.yaas-7A were contributed by YM4 and explained 5.77–20.11% of the phenotypic variances. The positive alleles of QCu.yaas-1A, QMn.yaas-1B, and QMn/Zn.yaas-4D increased TGW by 3.52%, 3.45%, and 7.51% respectively, while the positive alleles of QFe/Se.yaas-2D decreased TGW by 6.45%. Six SNP markers flanked the target QTL were converted into Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, and their effects were validated in a panel of one hundred and forty-nine wheat advanced lines. Twenty-five advanced lines harboring at least five positive alleles were identified in the validation populations. A total of 60 and 51 high-confidence annotated genes for QFe/Se.yaas-2D and QMn/Zn.yaas-4D were identified using the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Reference Sequence v2.1 (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), respectively. Some genes in these two regions were involved in stress tolerance, growth development, Zn synthesis in plants. These results provide the basis for fine-mapping the target QTL of micronutrient content and marker-assisted selection in grain quality breeding programs.
Levels and related factors of occupational stress among nurses: hospital-based evidence from China, 2023
Authors: Zhong Xiaoying , Zeng Yan , Peng Lin , Li Xixi , Jia Yuanli , Pan Changqing , Wang Bangjun
Published: January 2025

Background

China’s birth rate continues to decline, reaching only 6.39% in 2023. In light of this trend, hospitals may need to reassess their allocation of resources, including funding, staffing, and facilities. Nurses may face job insecurity and uncertainty regarding their roles, which could prompt some to consider transitioning to different specialties. This study aimed to investigate the levels of occupational stress among nurses in the context of low fertility in China in 2023 and to identify the factors contributing to this stress. In addition, the study sought to explore the relationship between family dysfunction, low fertility rates, and occupational stress levels.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 270 nurses working in hospitals, who were recruited between December 2023 and January 2024 through a Chinese free web-based platform (Sojump) to complete online questionnaires. In addition to demographic information, the Nursing Job Stressors Scale (NJSS) and the Family APGAR Index were utilized for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. For continuous variables, the mean, standard deviation (SD), median, and interquartile range were reported, while counts and percentages were used for categorical variables. The independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were employed for univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression was utilized for multivariate analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The participants’ average scores for the NJSS and Family APGAR Index were 1.76 ± 0.58 and 6.35 ± 3.30 points, respectively. In addition, workload and time pressure were rated highest among the sub-scales of the NJSS. The top five job stressors for nurses were Q3 (Wages and other benefits are low), Q1 (The social status of nursing is too low), Q5 (Frequent shift work), Q12 (Too much useless paperwork), and Q16 (Fear of mistakes and accidents at work). The score of the Family APGAR Index demonstrated a negative correlation with occupational stress (r = −0.19, p < 0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that a high level of worry about losing one’s job (SE = 0.044, β = 0.152, t = 2.567, p = 0.011) and poorer family APGAR scores (SE = 0.035, β = −0.202, t = −3.406, p < 0.001) were associated with higher NJSS scores.

Conclusion

The nurses reported experiencing a moderate level of occupational stress in the context of low fertility in China. The key predictors of occupational stress among the nurses included concerns about job security and the Family APGAR classification. Implementing fair compensation and providing more effective family-oriented support programs are essential for reducing occupational stress among nurses.
Body composition and CO2 dietary emissions
Authors: García Silvia , Monserrat-Mesquida Margalida , Mas-Fontao Sebastián , Cuadrado-Soto Esther , Ortiz-Ramos María , Matía-Martín Pilar , Daimiel Lidia , Vázquez Clotilde , Tur Josep A. , Bouzas Cristina
Published: January 2025

Background

The amount and quality of foods consumed not only impact on individual health, as reflected in body composition, but they could influence on greenhouse gas emissions and then, on environment.

Aim

This study aims to assess the relationship between the body composition and the CO2 emissions resulting from the dietary choices of an adult population.

Design

A cross-sectional study on baseline data from 778 participants aged 55–75 years old, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) as part of the PREDIMED-Plus study.

Methods

Food intake was registered using a validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted was calculated using data from the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database. Anthropometry (body weight, height, and waist, and hip circumference, and body mass index) was determined by usual measurements, and body composition (fat mass, visceral fat, muscular mass, fat free mass, and total body water) were assessed by bioimpedance.

Results

CO2 emissions were linearly and positively associated with weight, waist circumference, visceral fat, fat free mass, total body water and energy intake.

Conclusion

Body composition is associated with dietary CO2 emissions. The higher total body water, fat free mass, and body weight, the higher the dietary CO2 emissions were, following a linear relationship.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870, ISRCTN89898870.
Rising congenital syphilis rates in Canada, 1993–2022
Authors: Tetteh Ashorkor , Abdi Nadifa , Moore Victoria , Gravel Geneviève
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The number of cases of confirmed early congenital syphilis has risen steeply in Canada in recent years, particularly since 2018, to the highest number ever recorded since national reporting began in 1993. We analyzed national data on confirmed early congenital syphilis from 1993 to 2022 to describe epidemiologic trends in Canada during this period.

Methods

Data from 1993 to 2017 were obtained from routine surveillance conducted through the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, and data from 2018 to 2022 were obtained from enhanced surveillance conducted through a federal-provincial-territorial working group. Case counts and rates were computed nationally and by province and territory. Infectious syphilis data from the same time period for females of reproductive age were also analyzed.

Results

The national rate of confirmed early congenital syphilis was 127-fold higher in 2022 than in 1993, increasing from 0.3 to 32.7 cases per 100,000 live births. Case counts began increasing rapidly in 2018, with the highest case count observed to date (n = 115) occurring in 2022. The highest rates in the country in recent years have been observed in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta, and Ontario. Infectious syphilis rates among females of reproductive age have also been rapidly increasing in these provinces. Between 2018 and 2022, the national rate of confirmed early congenital syphilis increased approximately seven-fold and the national rate of infectious syphilis increased approximately two-fold, including an approximately three-and-a-half-fold rate increase among females of reproductive age.

Discussion

These numbers represent huge shifts in the epidemiological landscape of syphilis in Canada. The increase in vertical transmission appears to be driven by not only the increasing rate of infectious syphilis among females of reproductive age but also by multiple structural and social determinants of health impacting pregnant individuals.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of vocational college teachers towards occupational burnout
Authors: Li Hongbing , Chen Jiangyun , Wei Qing , Chen Haohao
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of vocational college teachers regarding occupational burnout.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers from 15 vocational colleges between 20 April 2024 and 20 June 2024. Basic demographic information and KAP scores were collected through a self-developed questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) was used to assess levels of occupational burnout.

Results

A total of 462 valid questionnaires were analysed, of which 264 (57.14%) respondents were female. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 10.04 ± 4.61 (possible range: 0–18), 28.24 ± 3.77 (possible range: 7–35), and 16.68 ± 4.01 (possible range: 6–30), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that knowledge score (β = −0.137, 95% CI: −0.251 to −0.024, p = 0.018), attitude score (β = −0.284, 95% CI: −0.424 to −0.145, p < 0.001), practice score (β = 0.320, 95% CI: 0.193 to 0.446, p < 0.001), and sleep disorders (β = −1.915, 95% CI: −3.345 to −0.486, p = 0.009) were independently associated with MBI-ES scores. Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.410, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.312, p = 0.001). Knowledge (β = −0.92, p = 0.024), attitude (β = −2.850, p < 0.001), and practice (β = 1.525, p < 0.001) directly affected burnout.

Conclusion

Although vocational college teachers demonstrate positive attitudes towards addressing occupational burnout, they exhibit insufficient knowledge and passive practices, leading to an increased risk of burnout. Targeted educational interventions are necessary to enhance vocational college teachers’ knowledge and skills in managing occupational burnout.
Quantifying conjugation rates in clinical and environmental matrices: a systematic review to inform risk assessment
Authors: Quon Hunter , Ramirez Lucia , Bagwell Blakeley , Moralez Jennifer , Sheppard Richard J. , Lopatkin Allison J. , Hamilton Kerry A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major public health concern and challenge. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) between bacteria and the movement of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) between human, environmental, and animal reservoirs allows AMR to spread and drive its persistence. Modeling efforts are useful for providing understanding of fate and transport, dynamics, or probabilistic risk, but lack estimates of bacterial conjugation parameters to be used within these frameworks.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize measured rates of conjugation for AMR and other resistances across a variety of settings, experimental media, and donor sources. Results: Across the 113 studies, reported conjugation frequencies and rates were examined in environmental, clinical, and animal/agricultural settings. The findings spanned over 12 orders of magnitude. From all studies, a subset of 25 were able to be analyzed for time-dependent rate estimation, which is most useful in modeling approaches. The highest rates were found in samples originating from wastewater sources or transferred in wastewater matrices, pointing to the significance and role of anthropogenic impacts on the environment in dissemination of AMR.

Discussion

The results allowed us to identify knowledge gaps in measuring conjugation rates in key environmental exposure areas, such as biofilms, and in reporting experimental outputs for understanding cell growth and conjugation dynamics, such as donor, recipient and transconjugant densities over time.
Identification and prioritization of factors affecting the saffron supply chain and selection strategies during the pandemic crisis based on the ANP-SWOT method
Authors: Riahi Dorcheh Farshid , Rahbari Misagh
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Iran is the world’s leading producer of saffron. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and provide some approaches to developing the supply chain of saffron, especially saffron exports during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of saffron exports were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, the weights of the criteria, sub-criteria, and priorities of the presented strategies are computed using the AHP-SWOT and ANP-SWOT methods. Finally, data were acquired through the systematic collection of expert opinions using the Delphi method.

Findings

According to the prioritization of saffron export development strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the AHP-SWOT method, “Performing marketing research in universities” and “Creating international associations and using anti-COVID-19 tools” were identified as the most important strategies. Moreover, in the prioritization of saffron export development strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the ANP-SWOT method, “Encouraging investors to attract investments and develop infrastructures” and “Performing marketing research in universities” are determined to be the most significant strategies.

Originality/value

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many economic problems have arisen for saffron-producing companies, highlighting the importance of implementing the best strategies to deal with these conditions. However, given the importance of saffron exports in Iran due to their high price and the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, it is imperative to conduct this research.
Amiodarone treatment in cats: evaluation of indications, adverse effects, and survival outcomes
Authors: Rossi Graham C. , Tjostheim Sonja S. , Kellihan Heidi B. , Stepien Rebecca L. , Liou Michael , Marshall Cecilia , Wright Kathy N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Time-and dose-dependent adverse effects of amiodarone have not been described in cats. The primary aim of this retrospective multicenter cohort study was to report the type and frequency of clinical adverse effects and biochemical changes in cats receiving amiodarone chronically. The secondary aim was to report survival outcomes in this population of cats.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for signalment, arrhythmia diagnosis, presence of structural heart disease, systemic comorbidities and congestive heart failure at presentation, amiodarone dose, serial bloodwork results, adverse events, and survival outcome.

Results

The study population included 27 client-owned cats (2016–2022). All cats had structural cardiac disease, and many were in congestive heart failure (17/27; 63%) at presentation. Amiodarone was most commonly prescribed for ventricular tachycardia (19/27, 70%), and it was administered once daily with a median [range] dose of 8.8 [4.515.2] mg/kg/day. There was a decrease in serum concentration of alanine transaminase between pretreatment values and values measured during the early amiodarone treatment window, 1–90 days (n = 16; p = 0.034). No statistical difference in serum concentration of alanine transaminase (n = 10; p = 0.799) was noted after 90 days of treatment compared to pretreatment. There was no change in hematocrit, neutrophil count, and serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase and total thyroxine during treatment in assessed cats. Ten cats (37%) had at least one episode of hyporexia or vomiting while receiving amiodarone. The median survival time for all-cause mortality was 441 days (95% confidence interval, 126–929 days); cats in which the primary therapeutic target was both supraventricular and concomitant ventricular tachyarrhythmias had at least a two-fold risk of dying compared to cats with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias alone (hazard ratio 12.9, 95% CI 1.86–89.8; p = 0.010).

Discussion

Amiodarone was primarily used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Transient gastrointestinal signs were reported in approximately one-third of the cats studied, but no clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were found in cats receiving amiodarone.