bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Psychotropic Drug for the Treatment of Trigeminal Pain: Salvinorin A
Authors: Quiñonez-Bastidas Geovanna Nallely , Grijalva-Contreras Lucia Elhy , Patiño-Camacho Selene Isabel , Navarrete Andrés
Published: December 2024

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is chronic pain caused by damage to the somatosensorial system on the trigeminal nerve or its branches, which involves peripheral and central dysfunction pain pathways. Trigeminal pain triggers disruptive pain in regions of the face, including within and around the mouth. Besides clinical experiences, translating the language of suffering into scientific terminology presents substantial challenges. Due to the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology underlying trigeminal pain, elucidating its social impact presents significant difficulties. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are first-line treatments for TN, achieving approximately 50% pain reduction in 60–70% of treated patients. However, their efficacy is often limited by common side effects, such as dizziness, vertigo, nausea, seizures, and cognitive symptoms. In some cases, patients experience severe side effects, including myelosuppression, hyponatremia, hormonal imbalances, liver toxicity, suicidal ideation, teratogenicity, and other adverse reactions. Given these clinical limitations, the search for new painkiller candidates continues. Hence, we focused this review on salvinorin A (SalA), a natural agonist of κ-opioid receptors (KORs), which demonstrated anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neuropathic properties in various experimental models of the spinal sensory system. Furthermore, preclinical evidence indicates that SalA does not induce dependence and demonstrates a favorable toxicological and safety profile in comparison with currently marketed opioid drugs. We propose Salvinorin A as a promising candidate for treating trigeminal neuralgia, offering the potential for reduced adverse effects.
Safety and Efficacy of Loading Doses of Vitamin D: Recommendations for Effective Repletion
Authors: Tóth Béla E. , Takács István , Kádár Kristóf , Mirani Sara , Vecsernyés Miklós , Lakatos Péter
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Epidemiological data on vitamin D status revealed that, despite various dosage and durations of supplementation, the effectiveness often fails to achieve optimal outcomes. The need for higher doses than previously recommended was suggested, but several modifying factors should be considered, including the level of deficiency, and BMI. The objectives of this post hoc evaluation are to characterize treatment effectiveness based on the applied dose, duration and BMI; and to assess the safety aspects associated with rapid repletion of vitamin D. Methods: Vitamin D deficient subjects selected in the post-hoc analysis: seventy patients included from a combined loading-maintenance supplementation (300,000 IU followed by 60,000 IU) protocol and 62 deficient subjects who received a low-dose maintenance (1000 IU/day) therapy. The risk of overload and the incidence of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia resulting from loading or post-loading maintenance were investigated. Results: The moderate–fast-loading schedule of 60,000 IU per week for 5 weeks, effectively achieves the target in 25(OH)D levels over 30 ng/mL for all deficient subjects, regardless of their BMI. Slower loading with lower weekly doses confirms the safety of supplementation, but the effectiveness is dependent on the subjects’ BMI; overweight and obese patients require higher doses to reach the same vitamin D levels. No difference in safety parameters observed compared to low-dose therapies. Conclusions: The loading treatment involving a total dose of 300,000 IU administered over 5 or 10 weeks is effective for repletion, does not lead to 25(OH)D overload, and poses no additional risks of hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. Furthermore, there are no safety concerns regarding changes in bone resorption markers. A combination of the loading treatment with a subsequent maintenance dose of 2000 IU daily is adequate to achieve the target vitamin D levels.
Targeted Antibacterial Endolysin to Treat Infected Wounds on 3D Full-Thickness Skin Model: XZ.700 Efficacy
Authors: Meloni Marisa , de Rooij Bob , Janssen Ferdinand W. , Rescigno Francesca , Lombardi Bernadette
Published: December 2024

Backgrounds/Objectives: Skin wound healing is a physiological process orchestrated by epithelial and mesenchymal cells able to restore tissue continuity by re-organizing themselves and the ECM. This research study aimed to develop an optimized in vitro experimental model of full-thickness skin, to address molecular and morphological modifications occurring in the re-epithelization and wound healing process. Methods: Wound healing starting events were investigated within an experimental window of 8 days at the molecular level by gene expression and immunofluorescence of key epidermal and dermal biomarkers. To mirror the behavior of infected wounds, the established wound healing model was then colonized with S. aureus, and the efficacy of a novel antibacterial agent, XZ.700, was investigated. Viable counts (CFU/tissue), IF, and ultrastructural analysis (SEM) were performed to evaluate S. aureus colonization inside and around the wound bed in an experimental window of 3 h of colonization and 24 h of treatment. Results: Endolysin showed an efficacy in counteracting bacterial growth and invasion within the wound bed, reducing the S. aureus load compared to its placebo, thanks to its selective antimicrobial activity interfering with biofilm formation. Conclusions: The preclinical in vitro infected wound model on FT-kin showed interesting applications to assess the repair efficacy of dermo-pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Colon-Targeted Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Synergize Therapeutic Effects of Mesalazine Against Rat Colitis Induced by 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
Authors: Kang Changyu , Kim Jaejeong , Jeong Yeonhee , Yoo Jin-Wook , Jung Yunjin
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In addition to oncological applications, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Colon-targeted delivery of PARP inhibitors has been evaluated as a pharmaceutical strategy to enhance their safety and therapeutic efficacy against gut inflammation. Methods: Colon-targeted PARP inhibitors 5-aminoisoquinoline (5-AIQ) and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) were designed and synthesized by azo coupling with salicylic acid (SA), yielding 5-AIQ azo-linked with SA (AQSA) and 3-AB azo-linked with SA (ABSA). Additional conjugation of AQSA with acidic amino acids yielded glutamic acid-conjugated AQSA (AQSA-Glu) and aspartic acid-conjugated AQSA, which further increased the hydrophilicity of AQSA. Results: The distribution coefficients of PARP inhibitors were lowered by chemical modifications, which correlated well with drug permeability via the Caco-2 cell monolayer. All derivatives were effectively converted to their corresponding PARP inhibitors in the cecal contents. Compared with observations in the oral administration of PARP inhibitors, AQSA-Glu and ABSA resulted in the accumulation of much greater amounts of each PARP inhibitor in the cecum. ABSA accumulated mesalazine (5-ASA) in the cecum to a similar extent as sulfasalazine (SSZ), a colon-targeted 5-ASA prodrug. In the DNBS-induced rat colitis model, AQSA-Glu enhanced the anticolitic potency of 5-AIQ. Furthermore, ABSA was more effective against rat colitis than SSZ or AQSA-Glu, and the anticolitic effects of AQSA-Glu were augmented by combined treatment with a colon-targeted 5-ASA prodrug. In addition, the colon-targeted delivery of PARP inhibitors substantially reduced their systemic absorption. Conclusions: Colon-targeted PARP inhibitors may improve the therapeutic and toxicological properties of inhibitors and synergize the anticolitic effects of 5-ASA.
Towards a Human Rights-Based Approach to Ethical AI Governance in Europe
Authors: Hogan Linda , Lasek-Markey Marta
Published: December 2024

As AI-driven solutions continue to revolutionise the tech industry, scholars have rightly cautioned about the risks of ‘ethics washing’. In this paper, we make a case for adopting a human rights-based ethical framework for regulating AI. We argue that human rights frameworks can be regarded as the common denominator between law and ethics and have a crucial role to play in the ethics-based legal governance of AI. This article examines the extent to which human rights-based regulation has been achieved in the primary example of legislation regulating AI governance, i.e., the EU AI Act 2024/1689. While the AI Act has a firm commitment to protect human rights, which in the EU legal order have been given expression in the Charter of Fundamental Rights, we argue that this alone does not contain adequate guarantees for enforcing some of these rights. This is because issues such as EU competence and the principle of subsidiarity make the idea of protection of fundamental rights by the EU rather than national constitutions controversial. However, we argue that human rights-based, ethical regulation of AI in the EU could be achieved through contextualisation within a values-based framing. In this context, we explore what are termed ‘European values’, which are values on which the EU was founded, notably Article 2 TEU, and consider the extent to which these could provide an interpretative framework to support effective regulation of AI and avoid ‘ethics washing’.
Recent Development of Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Laser
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Hongcui , Yu Song , Luo Bin , Jiang Tianwei
Published: December 2024

Since the advent of Fourier Domain Mode-Locked (FDML) lasers, they have demonstrated outstanding performance in several fields. They achieve high-speed, narrow-linewidth laser output with the new mode-locking mechanism, which has been intensively researched in the past decades. Compared with conventional wavelength-scanning light sources, FDML lasers have successfully increased the scanning rate of frequency-sweeping lasers from kHz to MHz. They are widely used in optical coherence tomography, spectral analysis, microscopy, and microwave photonics. With the deepening research on FDML lasers, several performance metrics have been optimized and improved, offering superior performance for FDML laser-based applications. This paper reviews the principles and key performance indicators of FDML lasers, as well as the recent progress made in some important applications, and highlights further research directions for FDML lasers in the future.
Three-Dimensional Phenotyping Pipeline of Potted Plants Based on Neural Radiation Fields and Path Segmentation
Authors: Zhu Xinghui , Huang Zhongrui , Li Bin
Published: December 2024

Precise acquisition of potted plant traits has great theoretical significance and practical value for variety selection and guiding scientific cultivation practices. Although phenotypic analysis using two dimensional(2D) digital images is simple and efficient, leaf occlusion reduces the available phenotype information. To address the current challenge of acquiring sufficient non-destructive information from living potted plants, we proposed a three dimensional (3D) phenotyping pipeline that combines neural radiation field reconstruction with path analysis. An indoor collection system was constructed to obtain multi-view image sequences of potted plants. The structure from motion and neural radiance fields (SFM-NeRF) algorithm was then utilized to reconstruct 3D point clouds, which were subsequently denoised and calibrated. Geometric-feature-based path analysis was employed to separate stems from leaves, and density clustering methods were applied to segment the canopy leaves. Phenotypic parameters of potted plant organs were extracted, including height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area, and they were manually measured to obtain the true values. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) values, indicating the correlation between the model traits and the true traits, ranged from 0.89 to 0.98, indicating a strong correlation. The reconstruction quality was good. Additionally, 22 potted plants were selected for exploratory experiments. The results indicated that the method was capable of reconstructing plants of various varieties, and the experiments identified key conditions essential for successful reconstruction. In summary, this study developed a low-cost and robust 3D phenotyping pipeline for the phenotype analysis of potted plants. This proposed pipeline not only meets daily production requirements but also advances the field of phenotype calculation for potted plants.
Machine Learning-Based Process Optimization in Biopolymer Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Malashin Ivan , Martysyuk Dmitriy , Tynchenko Vadim , Gantimurov Andrei , Semikolenov Andrey , Nelyub Vladimir , Borodulin Aleksei
Published: December 2024

The integration of machine learning (ML) into material manufacturing has driven advancements in optimizing biopolymer production processes. ML techniques, applied across various stages of biopolymer production, enable the analysis of complex data generated throughout production, identifying patterns and insights not easily observed through traditional methods. As sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics, biopolymers present unique challenges due to their reliance on variable bio-based feedstocks and complex processing conditions. This review systematically summarizes the current applications of ML techniques in biopolymer production, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for future research while highlighting the potential of ML to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality. This review also shows the role of ML algorithms, including supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning algorithms, in optimizing biopolymer manufacturing processes.
Acid-Hydrolysis-Assisted Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Acacia mearnsii de Wild. Wood Kraft Pulp
Authors: de Farias Daniel Tavares , Labidi Jalel , Pedrazzi Cristiane , Gatto Darci Alberto , de Cademartori Pedro Henrique Gonzalez , Welter Carline Andréa , da Silva Gabriela Teixeira , de Almeida Tielle Moraes
Published: December 2024

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) receive great attention for their physical and optical properties, high surface area, high tensile strength, rigidity (Young’s modulus up to 140 GPa), and ease of surface modification. However, controlling the properties of CNC is still challenging, given the wide variety of pulp sources and the complexity of finding suitable processing conditions. In the present study, acid hydrolysis efficiently isolated CNC from wood Acacia mearnsii brown kraft pulp (AMKP). Initially, the AMKP was delignified by the treatment with acidified sodium chlorite. The Acacia mearnsii kraft pulp obtained was then subjected to acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid at concentrations of 50 to 58% 45 °C for 60 min. The hydrolysate was sonicated in an ultrasonic processor for 30 min. The chemical composition was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), crystallinity by X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential by Zetasizer ZS equipment, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to verify the effect of acid concentration on the yield and properties of CNC. The optimization of the isolation process demonstrated that the maximum yield of 41.95% can be obtained when AMWP was hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid at a concentration of 54%. It was possible to isolate CNC with a crystallinity index between 71.66% and 81.76%, with the onset of thermal degradation at 240 °C; zeta potential of −47.87 to 57.23 mV; and rod-like morphology, with lengths and widths between 181.70 nm and 260.24 nm and 10.36 nm and 11.06 nm, respectively. Sulfuric acid concentration significantly affected the yield of acid hydrolysis, allowing the isolation of CNC with variable dimensions, high thermal stability, high crystallinity index, and great colloidal stability in aqueous medium.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylic Resin/Kaolin Composites for Dielectric Applications
Authors: Buncianu Dorel , Lungulescu Eduard-Marius , Caramitu Alina , Marinescu Virgil , Marsavina Liviu , Lovasz Erwin-Christian
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of acrylic resin/kaolin composites for dielectric applications. Acrylic resin, while widely used for its mechanical strength and ease of processing, exhibits limited dielectric properties, which restrict its use in high-performance electrical insulation. To address this, varying concentrations (0–70%) of raw kaolin, containing 71% kaolinite, were incorporated into an acrylic resin matrix to enhance its dielectric strength and thermal stability. Characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric spectroscopy were used to analyze the molecular structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and dielectric properties of the resulting composites. The study found that with up to 30% kaolin, the composites demonstrated good dielectric performance and thermal resistance, with good particle dispersion and minimal agglomeration. However, beyond 30% filler content, the dielectric and mechanical properties began to decline drastically. The results suggest that these composites could be potentially used for moderate dielectric applications such as insulators and capacitors.
3D Printing of Continuous Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Characterization of the In-Plane Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy Evaluation
Authors: Zanelli Marco , Ronconi Giulia , Pritoni Nicola , D’Iorio Andrea , Bertoldo Monica , Mazzanti Valentina , Mollica Francesco
Published: December 2024

Usage of continuous fibers as a reinforcement would definitely increase the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials. The result is a continuous fiber-reinforced composite obtained by additive manufacturing that is not limited to prototyping or non-structural applications. Among the available continuous reinforcing fibers, basalt has not been extensively studied in 3D printing. This material is attractive due to its natural origin, good mechanical properties, impact strength, and high chemical and thermal resistance. In this work, a continuous basalt fiber co-extruded composite obtained by fused filament fabrication was characterized both thermally and mechanically, concerning the in-plane tensile properties. The degree of anisotropy of the material was also assessed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The 3D-printed composite showed longitudinal properties, which were 15 times higher than the pure matrix, thus meeting structural requirements. On the other hand, transverse and shear properties were much lower than longitudinal ones, thus leading to a strongly anisotropic material. This was also confirmed by the anisotropy evaluation that was performed numerically and graphically using an innovative approach. This behavior affects the design of 3D-printed parts; thus, an optimized continuous fiber deposition is necessary for structural applications.
Development of Sodium Alginate Bioplastic Reinforced with Dried Orange Juice By-Product for Use in Packaging
Authors: Bezerra Pedro H. S. , Souza-Santos Yves J. , Pallone Eliria M. J. A. , Carvalho Rosemary A. , Vanin Fernanda M.
Published: December 2024

Pollution caused by nonrenewable plastics has driven the use of natural polymers. Similarly, the disposal of food waste still harms the environment. Considering both aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating orange by-product powder (OBP) as a reinforcing material into sodium alginate films with glycerol. Sodium alginate-based films were produced using glycerol and various concentrations of OBP. The films were characterized in terms of thickness, color, water content, mechanical properties, light transmission, transparency, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), contact angle, solubility, swelling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of OBP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the water content of the film from 37.75% ± 5.80a (0-OBP) to 24.49% ± 1.47b (45-OBP). The higher the concentration of OBP, the higher the tensile strength of the films, from 7.99 MPa ± 0.91a (0-OBP) to 18 MPa ± 1.38d (45-OBP), and the higher the hydrophobicity, from 57.60° ± 0.41a (0-OBP) to 70.34° ± 0.98c (45-OBP). From TGA and XRD analyses, it was observed that the incorporation of OBP resulted in less crystalline and more thermally resistant materials. Therefore, this study shows that OBP is a promising reinforcing component for sodium alginate films.
Moisture Absorption and Mechanical Degradation of Polymer Systems Incorporated with Layered Double Hydroxide Particles
Authors: Stankevich Stanislav , Zeleniakiene Daiva , Sevcenko Jevgenijs , Bulderberga Olga , Zetkova Katerina , Tedim Joao , Aniskevich Andrey
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the moisture absorption and mechanical degradation of epoxy-based polymer systems with Mg-Al/NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles content up to 5 wt%. Such systems are developed for multilayer corrosion protective coatings. A sorption model was developed to calculate the moisture concentration field in the multilayer structures using Fick’s law of diffusion. The finite-difference method was used for the numerical solution. Epoxy/LDH nanocomposites were prepared using various dispersion methods with solvents, wetting agents, and via a three-roll mill. Moisture absorption was measured under different environmental conditions, including temperatures up to 50 °C and salinity levels up to 26.3 wt% salt solution. The results showed that equilibrium moisture content increased by 50% in hot water, while it was reduced by up to two times in salt solution. The diffusion coefficient in hot water increased up to four times compared to room temperature. The numerical algorithm was validated against experimental data, accurately predicting moisture distribution over time in complex polymer systems. Mechanical tests revealed that the elastic modulus did not change after water exposure; however, the ultimate strength decreased by 10–15%, especially in specimens with 5 wt% LDH.
Urushiol-Based Coating with High Surface Hydrophilicity for Easy-Cleaning of Oil Pollutants
Authors: Ye Yuansong , Shi Huiping , Zhang Yuchi , Xia Jianrong , Shiu Bing-Chiuan , Fang Run
Published: December 2024

Urushiol is recognized as a sustainable coating material with superior properties; however, it faces significant challenges in applications such as petrochemicals and marine engineering due to surface oil contamination. This study aimed to enhance the cleanability of urushiol-based coatings through hydrophilic modification. Polyethylene glycol monooleate (PEGMO) was identified as an appropriate hydrophilic macromonomer and utilized as a modifier to develop a novel urushiol-based coating, termed P(U-PEGMO), via thermal curing. The results indicated that copolymerization occurred between urushiol and PEGMO during the curing process, forming a stable urushiol copolymer with favorable compatibility. The incorporation of PEGMO greatly improved the surface hydrophilicity of the coatings, as evidenced by a reduction in the water contact angle to below 30° when the modifier content reached 30% or higher, demonstrating a high degree of surface hydrophilicity. This enhanced property imparted the modified coating with underwater superoleophobicity and reduced oil adhesion, thereby facilitating the removal of oil. The cleaning performance was evaluated using a simple water rinsing method, after which, less than 2.5 wt% of oil residues remained on the surface of the modified coating. The high hydrophilicity is considered responsible for the coating’s easy-cleaning capability. In addition, the modified coatings exhibited improved flexibility and impact resistance, albeit with a slight decrease in hardness.
Comparison of Effects of Plasma Surface Modifications of Bamboo and Hemp Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Rachtanapun Pornchai , Sawangrat Choncharoen , Kanthiya Thidarat , Kaewpai Kannikar , Thipchai Parichat , Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol , Worajittiphon Patnarin , Suhr Jonghwan , Wattanachai Pitiwat , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak
Published: December 2024

In this study, we investigated the behaviors of epoxy composites reinforced with bamboo (BF) and hemp (HF) fibers. Both fibers were treated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for various durations (2.5 to 20 min). Epoxy resin (ER) was mixed with BF or HF with and without plasma treatment. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the plasma-treated fibers showed an enhanced peak intensity of carboxyl groups. ER/BF treated for 20 min exhibited a high tensile strength (up to 56.5 MPa), while ER/HF treated for 20 min exhibited a more significant increase in elongation at break (6.4%). Flexural tests indicated that the plasma treatment significantly improved the flexural strength of the hemp composites (up to 62.2 MPa) compared to the bamboo composites. The plasma treatment increased the fiber surface roughness and interfacial bonding in both composites. The thermal stability and wettability were improved by the DBD plasma treatment. The DBD plasma treatment enhanced the interfacial adhesion between fibers and ER matrix, which improved the mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties of the composites.
Zeolite Additives for Flexible Packaging Polymers: Current Status Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Fornaro Mattia , Liguori Barbara , Ambrogi Veronica , Caputo Domenico
Published: December 2024

Zeolites are interesting inorganic additives that could be employed for plastic packaging applications. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are intensively used for packaging as they provide great performance at low cost, even though they have poor environmental sustainability and may be more valorized. Biodegradable polymers may therefore represent a more eco-friendly alternative, but still, they have limited applications due to their generally inferior properties. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of zeolites as additives for flexible packaging applications to mainly improve the mechanical and barrier properties of PE, PP, and some biodegradable polymers, possibly with antimicrobial and scavenging activities, by exploiting zeolites’ cation exchange ability and adsorption properties. Film preparation and characterization have been investigated. The obtained enhancements regard generally higher gas barriers, elastic moduli, and strengths, along with thermal stability. Elongation at break decreased for all PE composites and tended to increase for other matrices. The use of zeolites as additives for polymer films is promising (mainly for biodegradable polymers); still, it requires overcoming some limiting drawbacks associated with the additive concentration and dispersion mainly due to matrix–additive incompatibility.
A High-Impedance Fault Detection Method for Active Distribution Networks Based on Time–Frequency–Space Domain Fusion Features and Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Chen , Feng Lijun , Hou Sizu , Ren Guohui , Lu Tong
Published: December 2024

Traditional methods for detecting high-impedance faults (HIFs) in distribution networks primarily rely on constructing fault diagnosis models using one-dimensional zero-sequence current sequences. A single diagnostic model often limits the deep exploration of fault characteristics. To improve the accuracy of HIF detection, a new method for detecting HIFs in active distribution networks is proposed. First, by applying continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to the collected zero-sequence currents under various operating conditions, the time–frequency spectrum (TFS) is obtained. An optimized algorithm, modified empirical wavelet transform (MEWT), is then used to denoise the zero-sequence current signals, resulting in a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Secondly, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are transformed into a two-dimensional spatial domain fused image using the symmetric dot pattern (SDP). Finally, the TFS and SDP images are synchronized as inputs to a hybrid convolutional neural network (Hybrid-CNN) to fully explore the system’s fault features. The Sigmoid function is utilized to achieve HIF detection, followed by simulation and experimental validation. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively overcome the issues of traditional methods, achieving a detection accuracy of up to 98.85% across different scenarios, representing a 2–7% improvement over single models.
Towards Flexible Control of Production Processes: A Requirements Analysis for Adaptive Workflow Management and Evaluation of Suitable Process Modeling Languages
Authors: Schultheis Alexander , Jilg David , Malburg Lukas , Bergweiler Simon , Bergmann Ralph
Published: December 2024

In the context of Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used to maximize the efficiency and flexibility of production processes. The adaptive management of such semantic processes can optimize energy and resource efficiency while providing high reliability, but it depends on the representation type of these models. This paper provides a literature review of current Process Modeling Languages (PMLs). Based on a suitable PML, the flexibility of production processes can be increased. Currently, a common understanding of this process flexibility in the context of adaptive workflow management is missing. Therefore, requirements derived from the business environment are presented for process flexibility. To enable the identification of suitable PLMs, requirements regarding this are also raised. Based on these, the PMLs identified in the literature review are evaluated. Thereby, based on a preselection, a detailed examination of the seven most promising languages is performed, including an example from a real smart factory. As a result, a recommendation is made for the use of BPMN, for which it is presented how it can be enriched with separate semantic information that is suitable for the use of AI planning and, thus, enables flexible control.
Impact of Process and Machine Parameters in the Charging Section on the Triboelectric Separation of Wheat Flour in a Vertical Separator
Authors: Miller Xaver , Schugmann Martin , Foerst Petra
Published: December 2024

Triboelectric separation has recently been investigated as a novel process for dry enrichment and separation of protein of various crops like wheat flour. The triboelectric effect allows for the separation of starch and protein particles in an electric field based on their different charging behavior despite having a similar density and size distribution. Particles are triboelectrically charged in a charging section before being separated in an electric field based on their polarity. While the charging section is crucial, the influence of process parameters remains largely unexplored. Thus, the influence of the charging sections’ dimensions and the particle concentration as process key parameters was investigated experimentally. Varying the length (0, 105, and 210 mm) showed that the protein shift increases with the length (max. 0.53%) during separation. Varying the diameter (6, 8, and 10 mm) influenced the charging behavior, resulting in an increase in protein accumulation on the negative electrode as the diameter decreased. Varying the mass flow of flour (40, 80, 160, and 320 g·h−1) also affected the separability, leading to a maximum protein shift of 0.61%. Based on the observed results, it is hypothesized that the electrostatic agglomeration behavior of oppositely charged particles is directly affected by alterations in machine parameters. These agglomerates have a charge-to-mass ratio that is too low for separation in the electric field.
Molecular Simulation of Adsorption of CO2 from a Combustion Exhaust Mixture of Zeolites with Different Topological Structures
Authors: Wang Shiqing , Jiang Xu , Wang Yutong , Liu Jiaxin , Qiu Xiaolong , Liu Lianbo , Gao Shiwang , Yang Xiong , Ma Jing , Zhang Chuanzhao
Published: December 2024

In this work, a molecular simulation method was used to study the adsorption of seven combustion products (CO2, H2O, SO2, N2, O2, NO and NO2) on three zeolites with different topological structures (4A, MIF and MOR). Adsorption isotherms of pure components and mixtures at a wide range of temperatures (253–333 K) were calculated using the Monte Carlo method, obtaining equilibrium parameters including the adsorption capacity, adsorption heat and energy distribution. The calculation results indicated that 4A zeolite with more micropores has a stronger adsorption performance for CO2. The presence of water significantly reduced the CO2 capture efficiency of the three zeolites, and the CO2 adsorption amount decreased by more than 80%. Adsorption kinetics was studied using the molecular dynamic (MD) method, MFI and MOR, with channel-type pore structures exhibiting stronger gas diffusion performance, though their separation efficiency was not high. A 4A zeolite has the potential for kinetic separation of CO2.
An Ancillary Decision-Making Method for Hydropower Station Failure Handling Based on Case-Based Reasoning and Knowledge Graph
Authors: Li Peng , Zhou Min , Lin Xian , Zhou Liangsong , Cai Peng
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an ancillary decision-making method for hydropower station failure handling based on knowledge graph and case-based reasoning. The proposed method assists the power station dispatcher to carry out accurate and timely failure handling after an accident. First, the main steps of case-based reasoning are introduced. The main difficulties and their corresponding solutions when applying case-based reasoning to hydropower station failure handling are discussed. Then, an ancillary decision-making method for hydropower station failure handling is proposed. Key steps such as case construction, case retrieval, and case revision are designed. In the proposed method, each case is represented in the form of multiple knowledge graphs, i.e., a system topology knowledge graph, a dispatching regulation knowledge graph, and an accident case knowledge graph. The flexibility of case knowledge extraction, management, and retrieval is greatly enhanced. Finally, the simulation analysis is carried out on a large-scale cascade hydropower station in China. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide reasonable and reliable ancillary decision-making for the power station dispatcher in the failure handling process, and greatly improve the intelligence level of emergency management at a hydropower station.
Cyanoremediation of Polluted Seawater in the Arabian Gulf: Risks and Benefits to Human Health
Authors: Al-Thani R. F. , Yasseen B. T.
Published: December 2024

Cyanobacteria play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as primary producers of food and oxygen for various organisms while helping remove waste and toxic substances from the environment. They are essential to the carbon cycle and help regulate the climate. These marine autotrophs also aid in the absorption of essential elements and support diverse life forms. They help degrade organic compounds, including petroleum hydrocarbons as well as heavy metals. Fluctuations in cyanobacteria populations can indicate ecosystem health, influencing both human well-being and wildlife. Their significance also extends to potential technological advancements, thus providing valuable resources for fields such as pharmacology, medicine, health care, biofuels, cosmetics, and bioremediation. However, some species produce toxins that pose risks to human health and marine organisms. Consequently, cyanobacteria are a major focus of research aimed at preserving and improving marine ecosystems—especially given the environmental damage caused by past and potential future conflicts. This review highlights their roles in cyanoremediation and other industrial and biotechnological applications with a particular focus on the Arabian Gulf region.
Exploration of Physical–Chemical and Structural-Phase Mechanisms in Ti-Al Intermetallic Coating Formation
Authors: Nazarov Almaz , Nagimov Rustem , Oleinik Alexey , Maslov Alexey , Nikolaev Alexey , Ramazanov Kamil , Denisov Vladimir , Ivanov Yuri , Korznikova Elena
Published: December 2024

This study examines coatings based on Ti-Al system intermetallics deposited in a nitrogen environment. The research investigates the structure, phase composition, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of coatings with varying ratios of Ti-Al to TiAlN layer thicknesses. Multiple analytical techniques, including nanoindentation, sclerometry, microhardness measurements, electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy, were employed. The results demonstrate that the coating architecture significantly influences its physical and mechanical properties. Notably, coatings with a variable thickness gradient structure exhibit the best properties and are the most promising for practical applications, offering enhanced hardness, wear resistance, and adhesion strength. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a carefully selected combination of layers can be used to control coating properties across a wide range, making these coatings highly suitable for demanding industrial applications.
Sustainable Management of Green Waste in Urban Settings: A Case Study on Energy Recovery and Heating Solutions in the Municipality of Athens (Greece)
Authors: Dapsopoulou Magdalini , Bellas George , Zianis Dimitris , Kokkinos Petros , Kyriakakis Dimitris , Pachountis Emmanouil
Published: December 2024

The increasing volume of municipal solid waste (MSW), including biodegradable plant residues such as pruning, leaf, and kitchen wastes, presents a substantial environmental challenge due to the limited availability of landfill space and the resulting environmental contamination. Sustainable waste management practices, encompassing recycling and waste-to-energy conversion through biological or thermochemical processes, are imperative. In the Municipality of Athens, Greece, significant quantities of green waste generated from public and private gardening activities provide a valuable opportunity for energy recovery and landfill waste reduction. In accordance with Directive 2008/98/EC, Athens emphasizes waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and recovery. This study examined alternative bio-waste and green waste management systems, using examples from Europe, focusing on the Athens Directorate of Urban Green Spaces and Urban Wildlife. This paper discusses methods for assessing the energy value of pruning residues, providing a definitive disposal framework. Additionally, it presents a technoeconomic study of one of the municipal swimming pools in the Municipality of Athens, investigating the production and distribution of thermal energy to meet the heating needs of the pool facilities. This research identified key constraints and their impact on decision-making, highlighting the potential for alternative green waste management strategies. It advocates modern recycling techniques in line with national and community legislation, which have significant environmental and economic benefits.
A Spirituality for Cosmopolis
Authors: Muldoon Timothy P.
Published: December 2024

This essay will draw from the classical Greek notions of cosmopolis and cosmopolitanism—world citizenship—as a heuristic for contemplating the question of contemporary participation in a wholly good global society. The first part of this paper will explore how the ancient notion of cosmopolis offers contemporary thinkers a compelling hermeneutic for considering cultural growth over history. Then, in part two, it will focus on spirituality, returning to the ancient Greek world through the lens of Pierre Hadot’s work on philosophy as spiritual exercise. Finally, this essay will engage Bernard Lonergan’s suggestion that cosmopolis as a heuristic is fundamentally oriented toward reversing the kinds of decline that emerge from shortsightedness and various forms of bias.
Impact of Nature Conservation Resources of Agroecology: Insights from Hungarian Farmers and Consumer Perspectives
Authors: Harkányi Annamária , Ujj Apolka
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the implementation of agroecological principles on three organic farms in Hungary, focusing on four resource-focused, nature conservation-related agroecological basic elements identified by the FAO: biodiversity, interactions, recycling, and resilience. This research employed a mixed-methods approach, utilising in-depth interviews as a technique to explore farmers’ practices and a questionnaire survey as a tool to assess consumer perspectives (with 63 respondents). The interviews facilitated a qualitative exploration of how agroecological practices are applied on farms, providing rich insights into the farmers’ experiences. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey served as a structured instrument to measure consumer awareness and motivations concerning environmentally friendly farming methods. NVivo 12 software was employed for qualitative data analysis, assisting in coding and organizing responses to better understand recurring themes and patterns. The researchers found that all farms exhibited high biodiversity levels, facilitated through practices such as companion planting, crop rotation, and maintaining natural habitat patches. Agroecological farmers focus on practices suited to the landscape, fostering beneficial organisms and enhancing interactions between nature and agriculture. Integrating farm components (e.g., crops, livestock, water) promotes synergies that improve productivity and reduce reliance on external inputs. Recycling resources (like organic waste) within the farm increases efficiency, while resilience is strengthened through biodiversity, allowing farms to better withstand environmental stress. Direct marketing builds connections between producers and consumers, raising awareness of conservation practices. Consumer awareness regarding environmentally friendly agricultural practices was notably high, with findings indicating that health and ecological conservation motivations drive their purchasing decisions. This study highlights the context-dependent nature of agroecological practices, revealing that while implementation is robust, economic sustainability constraints may limit the extent to which all elements can be effectively applied. Since this research has certain limitations due to the limited sample size, expanding the study to include more farms would strengthen the findings. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the importance of integrating agroecological principles in organic farming to enhance biodiversity and foster sustainable agricultural practices.
Correction: Fanelli (2024). Mean-Reverting Statistical Arbitrage Strategies in Crude Oil Markets. Risks 12: 106
Authors: Fanelli Viviana
Published: December 2024

There was an error in the original publication (Fanelli 2024) [...]
Deep Learning Integration of Multi-Model Forecast Precipitation Considering Long Lead Times
Authors: Fang Wei , Qin Hui , Lin Qian , Jia Benjun , Yang Yuqi , Shen Keyan
Published: December 2024

Reliable forecast precipitation can support disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable socio-economic development. Improving forecast precipitation accuracy remains a challenge. Therefore, a novel method for multi-model forecast precipitation integration considering long lead times was proposed based on deep learning. First, the accuracy of numerical forecast precipitation was evaluated under different lead times. Secondly, an integrated model was built by coupling the attention mechanism and a long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Finally, integrated forecast precipitation was obtained by taking high-precision numerical forecast precipitation as an input and examining its accuracy and applicability. Considering the example of the Yalong River, the results showed the following: (1) numerical forecast precipitation fails to forecast precipitation of a ≥10 mm/d intensity well, and is less applicable in streamflow forecast; (2) traditional machine learning methods for integrating multi-model forecast precipitation fail to forecast precipitation of a ≥25 mm/d intensity; (3) the LSTM-A integration model formed by attention weighting after the LSTM output can combine the advantages of numerical forecast precipitation under different intensities and improve the forecast precipitation accuracy for 7-day lead times; and (4) the LSTM-A integrated forecast precipitation has the best applicability in streamflow forecast, with an NSE above 0.82 and an MRE below 30% with 7-day lead times. These findings contribute to improving precipitation forecast accuracy at different intensities and enhancing defense against extreme weather events.
The Social Impact of Sports Habits on Sustainable Tourism Perceptions: A Case Study in Alt Urgell
Authors: Cerezo-Esteve Sergi , De Blas Xavier , Solanellas Francesc
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports influences perceptions of sustainable tourism and how demographic factors moderate this relationship. A quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 416 residents, achieving a 95% confidence level and a 4.8% margin of error. Inferential statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between sports habits and attitudes toward sustainable tourism. Results highlight slight differences in perception between genders, with men showing stronger support for community-driven economic initiatives. Variations based on years of residency were observed, with long-term residents expressing greater concern for sustainability. Participation in outdoor sports and attendance at sports events positively influenced perceptions of sustainable tourism. While some hypotheses were confirmed, others were rejected, indicating complexities in the relationship between sports habits and sustainable tourism perceptions. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions and inclusive policies to promote sustainable development in the region and suggests directions for future research to further explore these dynamics.