bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN PERANGKAT MONITORING FAKTOR DAYA PADA SISTEM PV ON-GRID BERBASIS IOT
Authors: Sari Noprida , Away Yuwaldi , Suriadi Suriadi
Published: December 2021

Penerapan sistem PV memungkinkan penggunaan energi listrik secara mandiri tanpa terlalu bergantung pada energi konvensional. Sistem PV yang terhubung ke PLN adalah sistem on-grid dan menggunakan grid tie inverter. Kualitas daya yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah sistem PV on-grid dapat dilihat dari faktor daya pada sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini merancang peralatan untuk memantau faktor daya pada beberapa peralatan rumah tangga yang digunakan (resistif, induktif, dan kapasitif) pada sistem PV on-grid secara online. Dengan menggunakan metode rangkaian zero crossing, nilai faktor daya beban pada sistem akan dibaca dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler (Arduino). Pemantauan ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan IoT (Internet of Things) dengan Arduino sebagai controller dan ESP8266 serta menggunakan Thingspeak.com sebagai database data yang diinput untuk dapat dilihat secara online. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, penggunaan metode rangkaian zero crossing dalam membaca faktor daya beban dapat bekerja dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil galat (eror) yang dihasilkan rangkaian zero crossing tidak melebihi 5%. Dengan berbasis IoT sistem ini telah dapat menampilkan beberapa parameter (tegangan, arus, daya, frekuensi, dan faktor daya) melalui platform Thingspeak secara online.
OPERASI EKONOMIS PADA SISTEM PEMBANGKIT THERMAL SUMATERA BARAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ITERASI LAMBDA
Authors: Riswandi Septian , Lubis Rakhmad Syafutra , Syukri Mahdi
Published: December 2021

Sistem tenaga listrik pada dasarnya terdiri dari unit-unit pembangkit yang bertujuan melayani beban. Pada pembangkit thermal, umumnya biaya bahan bakar adalah biaya paling besar dari seluruh biaya pembangkitan sehingga tidak ekonomis jika beban yang disuplai tidak sesuai dengan besarnya pembangkitan. Agar diperoleh pembangkitan yang ekonomis maka perlu ditentukan berapa besar daya yang perlu dibangkitkan oleh setiap unitnya pembangkit thermal yang tersedia. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode Genetic Algorithm (GA) untuk melakukan pengoperasian ekonomis pada unit thermal yang terdapat pada sistem Sumatera Barat dengan asumsi pembangkit thermal yang digunakan pada sistem Sumatera Barat adalah PLTU Ombilin dan PLTU Teluk sirih dimana masing-masing memiliki dua unit. Iterasi Lambda merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif  untuk menyelesaikan masalah Operasi ekonomis, Sedangkan economic dispatch merupakan pembagian pembebanan pada unit pembangkit. Perhitungan Iterasi Lambda diselesaikan dengan bantuan sofware MATLAB karena mudah digunakan dan cepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah economic dispatch.  Dari hasil tugas akhir ini total biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam menanggung beban sistem adalah selama 24 jam dengan metode Iterasi Lambda adalah 3.202.356.408,10883 jika dibandingkan dengan pembangkitan total biaya metode riil adalah Rp.3.307.483.474,16, dan penghematan yang dapat dilakukan dengan metode Iterasi Lambda adalah sebesar Rp. 105.127.066,0511 dalam satu hari dan dalam satu tahun adalah Rp. 38.371.379.108,6.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KENDALI ATTITUDE HOLD SATU DERAJAT KEBEBASAN BERBASIS METODE PID UNTUK PENGGERAK DUA ROTOR.
Authors: Prianto Andi , Rahman Aulia , Mufti Alfatirta , Bahri Al
Published: December 2021

Sistem kendali attitude hold pada multirotor adalah sebuah sistem kendali penjaga sikap untuk mempertahankan sikap stabil saat terbang. Sistem attitude hold pada penelitian ini diaplikasikan dalam bentuk seesaw atau pengungkit yang merupakan salah satu bentuk pesawat sederhana dari lengan kuasa. Penelitian ini merupakan sistem kendali penjaga sikap pada seesaw diatur di 1 derajat kebebasan (DOF) yang ditetapkan sebagai setpoint pada kemiringan 0°. Kestabilan pada seesaw dikendalikan dengan metode kendali PID, yang merupakan sistem pengendali yang berfungsi untuk mencari nilai kestabilan sehingga respon sistem yang diperoleh dapat mencapai setpoint dengan baik. Maka dari itu diperlukan sistem penyeimbang yang dapat membaca sudut kemiringan pada lengan seesaw. Pembacaan sudut tersebut menjadi acuan kecepatan putaran baling-baling motor brushless dc (BLDC). Sensor yang digunakan adalah gyroscope. Sensor tersebut terdapat dalam modul IMU MPU-6050. Baling-baling menggunakan akuator berupa dua motor BLDC 920 kv kontroler berupa Electronic Speed Control (ESC). Setpoint ditentukan pada kemiringan 0° terhadap gaya gerak 1 DOF lengan. Motor BLDC kanan dan kiri melakukan variasi kecepatan putaran ketika pembacaan sudut tidak sama dengan setpoint. Motor BLDC kiri akan melakukan putaran CW dan motor BLDC kanan melakukan putaran CCW untuk membuat gaya angkat sehingga mencapai kestabilan. Pengaruh besarnya variasi kecepatan baling-baling yang diberikan yaitu berdasarkan besarnya nilai eror yang terjadi antara setpoint dengan input. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan prototipe alat yang dapat bekerja pada kemiringan -30 derajat hingga 30 derajat dengan setpoint stabil pada 0 derajat. Dari perhitungan penalaan konstanta PID Ziegler-Nichols kurva reaksi didapat nilai Kp = 2,94, Ki = 1,2 dan Kd = 0,33. Dari hasil nilai penalaan tersebut didapatkan hasil stabil sesuai terhadap setpoint dengan hasil pengujian PID dengan nilai rise time= 18 detik, setling time= 7,5 detik, overshoot= 3,1%, peak time= 18 detik.
APLIKASI SENSOR SHT-11 SEBAGAI ALAT PENDETEKSI KADAR AIR PADA BIJI KOPI
Authors: Ulfa Ulfa , Syahreza Saumi , Irhamni Irhamni , Surbakti Muhammad Syukri , Fauzi Fauzi
Published: December 2021

Saat ini, alat ukur kadar air (KA) masih kurang pemanfaatannya. Selain kurang populer, alatan ini juga terbilang relatif mahal dipasaran. Kurangnya pemanfaatan instrumen pendeteksi kadar air tersebut, berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian finansial bagi petani kopi ketika menjual hasil panennya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteki kadar air biji kopi melalui pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban. Untuk mengaplikasikan hal tersebut, maka single chip sensor suhu dan kelembaban SHT11 dan mikrokontroler ATMega 328 (Arduino-Uno) digunakan sebagai elemen utama dalam sistem pengukuran tersebut. Proses perancangan alat ukur dibagi dalam 2 tahapan, yaitu tahapan perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Hasil pengukuran kedua parameter juga dapat ditampilkan pada layar LCD. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur suhu dan kelembaban pada tiga sampel gabah kopi yang telah dikeringkan /biji kopi yang telah dikelupas kulitnya, yaitu gabah kopi yang sangat kering, gabah kopi kering sesuai standar serta gabah kopi yang masih memiliki kadar air yang cukup tinggi/basah. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa gabah kopi sangat kering memiliki rentang suhu antara 34,7oC-34,9oC dengan kelembaban relatif udara 68,5%. Gabah kopi kering memiliki rentang suhu 33,6oC-33,7oC dan kelembaban 69,4%, kelembaban ini telah memenuhi kriteria umum nilai kadar air biji kopi kesetimbangan lingkungan, yaitu 12.5%. Gabah kopi basah dengan suhu pengukuran berkisar antara 34,7oC-34,8oC dan kelembaban 70,7%. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tersebut, maka rancang bangun alat ukur kadar air berbasis SHT11 ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendeteksi tinggi rendahnya kandungan air dalam gabah kopi.
ANALISIS QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) JARINGAN INTERNET PADA WEBSITE E-LEARNING UNIVIERSITAS SYIAH KUALA BERBASIS WIRESHARK
Authors: Maulana Andi Risky , Walidainy Hubbul , Irhamsyah Muhammad , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Bintang Akhyar
Published: December 2021

Para penyedia layanan informasi atau Internet Service Provider (ISP) akan berusaha untuk memberikan segala upaya demi kepuasan  para pelanggan agar dapat mengakses internet dengan nyaman. Dengan adanya internet, user dapat mengakses website yang diinginkan. Website e-Learning Universitas Syiah Kuala merupakan sebuah website yang dapat dikunjungi oleh mahasiswa dan dosen di Universitas Syiah Kuala untuk keperluan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis Quality of Service (QoS) jaringan internet pada website e-Learning USK. Quality of Service (QoS) dari website e-Learning USK dapat di analisis dengan menggunakan Wireshark. Dengan adanya Wireshark dapat memudahkan untuk memperoleh nilai parameter dari throughput, packet loss, dan Delay. Nilai parameter yang dibandingkan ialah dari 3 (tiga) provider yang berbeda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah provider Telkomsel merupakan provider yang direkomendasikan saat mengakses website e-Learning Universitas Syiah Kuala, karena nilai Quality of Service (QoS) yang dihasilkan lebih unggul dibandingkan provider lainnya. Provider Telkomsel memperoleh nilai throughput tertinggi dibandingkan provider lain, yaitu senilai 1.823,20 kb/s. Nilai packet loss yang diperoleh lebih unggul dibandingkan provider lain, hanya mengalami sekali packet loss senilai 0,02%. Nilai delay yang diperoleh sangat bagus karena nilai yang dihasilkan 150 ms.
Cluster Analysis of Regional
Competitiveness in the European Union
and the Role of ICT
Authors: Suciu Marta-Christina , Petre Adrian
Published: December 2021

This article represents an empirical research on the competitiveness of the European Union Member
Countries. The main objective is to analyze the level of competitiveness of these countries, focusing on the
situation of the new non-Eurozone member countries. At the same time, we want to identify the main
measures to stimulate competitiveness. The research methodology we applied is based on critical
comparative analysis, statistical data and econometric analysis. The results showed that there are large
gaps in competitiveness between the new EU Member Countries that are not part of the Eurozone and
the EU-28 average, and even larger compared to the performers Netherlands and Germany, gaps that in
the current conditions will be very difficult to be reduced. Research has also shown that ICT adoption do
not have a significant impact on the competitiveness indicator, and the main factors influencing this
indicator are innovation capability, financial system, institutions, business dynamism, product market and
skills. Thus, we believe that for a sustainable growth of competitiveness and for meeting the economic
objectives, developing countries must adopt concrete measures to develop these fundamental pillars of
competitiveness.
COVID-19 Impact on International
Migration
Authors: Jweida Ihab S KH
Published: December 2021

COVID 19 created many problems around the world and it affected everybody including migrants and
immigrants. Many countries halted asylum seeker procedure in order to stop COVID 19 spreading but
some countries restarted asylum seeker procedure since many people were in dangerous situation and they
needed protection. Migrants and immigrants are highly vulnerable and can be infect by COVID 19.
Many organizations especially international Organization played and are playing very important role to
protect them against COVID 19. Migrants are working in frontline, they are in contact with other
people, and the risks are very high to infect by COVID 19. Many of them hit globally very hard because
of the COVID 19 especially due to the economic shut downs for example food, accommodating and
personal services. Many countries closed their borders and they halted asylum seeker procedure. The
number of restrictions and measures that imposed on migrants and immigrants reached 4600 around the
world. Many countries have imposed travel ban especially on new comers.
General Opinions about the Adoption
of IAS/IFRS in Romania
Authors: Stoica Dragos Andrei
Published: December 2021

IAS/IFRS represent a set of global accounting standards that have gained a tremendous influence over
national standards, regulations and organisations all across the globe. Romania’s argument for being an
interesting research case is given mainly by its longer experience with the standards over other countries in
the region. Through this study, my aim is to highlight the arguments in favour of IAS/IFRS over the
national GAAP by conducting a survey, addressed to the employees of the biggest 7 accounting firms in
Romania.
The human right to security in the implementation
of the concept of the "right to health protection"
Authors: SHEVCHUK Oleкsandr , MATYUKHINA Nataliya , BABAIEVA Oleкsandra , DUDNIKOV Anatoliy , VOLIANSKA Olena
Published: December 2021

Legal support of human security in the field of health care includes the guarantee,
protection and protection of rights and freedoms in the field of health care, which is the main
function, as well as the goal and duty of the state. This paper describes certain aspects of the
legal regulation of the implementation of the "human right to security in the health sector"
and the problems of its enforcement. The research methodology is based on a system of
methods of the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific level. The main goal of
this scientific article is to define the concept‚principles‚ types and directions of
implementation of the “human right to safety” in the concept of “the right to health
protection”. The general principles of the implementation of the “human right to security in
the health sector” are disclosed. It is emphasized that the legal mechanism for the
implementation of the “human right to security in the healthcare sector” is the activity of
legal entities, lawmaking and law enforcement agencies, and the existing legal norms
governing their activities in the healthcare sector. The investigated human right to safety
should be understood as a complex of rights related to the protection of the patient's
legitimate interests in the healthcare sector from unlawful encroachments and threats.. The
author's understanding of the definition of "patients' right to safety". It is argued that human
security in the field of health care belongs to the basic needs of a person - the implementation
of this need is determined by the level of development of a country, its economic and cultural
components, the level and quality of life of a person living in this country, an effective health
care system. It is concluded that the main goal of legal ensuring human security in the
healthcare sector is to create the minimum necessary (safe) conditions for the
implementation of these rights and obligations when receiving medical services.
Petojo Enclek Traditional Market Building: Application of Technology Systems as Substantiation of Improving the Quality of Life and Landscape Transformation in Batavia
Authors: Arafat Argi
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Traditional markets are places and means of meeting sellers and buyers and are marked by direct buyer-seller transactions and usually there is a bargaining process. This research is a study of environmental changes and Petojo Enclek Market in the 20th - 21st Century. The purpose of this research is to see changes in Petojo Enclek Market based on archives, ancient maps, ancient photos, history, technology used in buildings, and market conditions in the past. recently. In this study using qualitative methods, the stages of this research include data collection, data processing, data analysis and data interpretation. The theory used in this study is the Core-Periphery by John Friedman and Weaver, where the Core-Periphery relationship can occur due to the expansion (development) of markets and other infrastructure. This research, it can be seen that there are significant changes in the Petojo Enclek Market building and its surroundings.
Boatbuilding Technology Analysis of the Seventh Century Boat Remains from Bongal Site on the West Coast of North Sumatera
Authors: Purnawibowo Stanov , Mochtar Agni Sesaria
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The west coast of North Sumatera was a famous sea trade route since the ninth century, according to the research conducted in the Barus Site, the international trading ports in the region. However, the study of the maritime technology in the region is still scarcely done. Boat timbers finding from Bongal Site is the first, as well as the oldest, shipwreck remains found in the west coast of North Sumatera. This paper aims to study the boatbuilding technology, as one of the maritime technologies, of the boat remains found in Bongal Site. Analysis on form and function of the timbers, along with the radiocarbon-dating result of timber and Arenga pinnata rope show that the vessel was built in the Southeast Asian lashed-lugs technique in the seventh century, two centuries older than Barus. Analysis on the artefacts found near the timbers indicates that this type of vessel was used for trade activities on the west coast of North Sumatera.
Studi Tingkat Vandalisme Terhadap Softscape Oleh Pengguna Taman Di Lapangan I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung Denpasar
Authors: Novianty Angela Sabrina , Semarajaya Cokorda Gede Alit , Mayun Ida Ayu
Published: December 2021

Study of vandalism level on softscape by park users at I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung Denpasar. This research was motivated by the existence of vandalism activities in I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung Park Denpasar as the result of human interactions between park user with their environment around this location as a public space. This study aims to identify level of vandalism and user perceptions of vandalism on softscape. The methods used in this research are survey method with collecting data techniques, observation, questionnaire distribution, and literature study. The result of this research showed that there are four variables that caused by vandalism on softscape in this area, such as scratching trees, nailing trees, littering around the plants and picking plants carelessly. The number of vandalism cases on softscape in this area reached about 13 cases that occurred with percentage 0.4% and western area or part of the field that is on Jalan Udayana is the area that received vandalism the most. Respondents in this study were visitors aged 12- 21 years old, which is the age of vandal on the park. The respondent’s perception of vandalism assumed that plants that are close or easy to reach by user and plants that have certain beauty or uniqueness are more vulnerable to be objects of vandalism. The low level of vandalism at I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung is still able to give users a sense of fun.
Persepsi Kenyamanan Pejalan Kaki pada Jalur Pedestrian Jalan Gajah Mada Denpasar
Authors: Wardana I Made Oddie Gupta , Semarajaya Cokorda Gede Alit , Mayadewi Ni Nyoman Ari
Published: December 2021

Perceptions of pedestrian convenience on the pedestrian path of Gajah Mada Street Denpasar. Gajah Mada Street as an economic and tourist area requires good and comfortable physical infrastructure to support easy accessibility and circulation of visitors to the area. One of the physical infrastructures is a pedestrian lanewhich functions as an access to support pedestrian activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical conditions of the pedestrian paths and to determine the perception of pedestrian comfort on the pedestrian path at Gajah Mada Street. The research method used in this research is a survey method byperforming primary data collection techniques through observation, questionnaires and secondary data through literature study. Based on the research conducted, it is known that there are physical conditions and supporting facilities for the damaged pedestrian paths, in the form of materials and street furniture such as: seats, trash cans and roadside plants. Based on the assessment of perceptional respondents about the condition of pedestrian path has been considered comfortable and safe. The suggestion of this research is that it is necessary to improve the physical condition of the damaged pedestrians. The purpose of improving pedestrian facilities and infrastructure is to facilitate the pedestrians in order to be comfortable and safe in carrying outactivities on the pedestrian path.
Soybean Competitiveness Compared to Other Secondary Crops and Its Prospect to Achieve Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia
Authors:   Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies, Swastika Dewa K. S. , Sayaka Bambang
Published: December 2021

Demand for soybean in Indonesia keeps increasing along with population growth. So far, most of the domestic demand is fulfilled through soybean import. This study aims to analyze the prospect of soybean self-sufficiency in the perspective of its competitiveness against other secondary crops in Indonesia. The analysis method applied in this study is comparison of financial farm income between soybean farming against other secondary crops, namely corn, groundnut and mungbean. The results of analysis showed that soybean was not competitive compared to other secondary crops. This was indicated by relatively low farm income of soybean farming compared to those of corn, groundnut, and mungbean. Rational farmers would be expected to choose the more profitable crops rather than growing soybean. Therefore, without significant breakthroughs, the area planted with soybean and its production will keep decreasing. In other words, it is almost impossible to achieve self-sufficency in soybean.
Fruit and Vegetable Seed Production and Marketing: Existing Practice and Perception of Vegetbale Seed Farmers and Sellers in Bangladesh
Authors:   Ehime University,, Shahriar Mustafiz , Nakayasu Akira , Mamoru Itabashi , Kazuya Masuda
Published: December 2021

Bangladesh has the largest river delta in the world and is known as the basin of South Asia. Accordingly, Bangladesh is naturally fertile, which is the main factor that provides the country with a huge opportunity to produce fruit and vegetable seeds. However, the lack of quality seed production, insufficient seed supply, and lack of seed preservation systems make the seed sector unstable. This research attempts to determine the cause of these problems and identify ways to mitigate them and make a sustainable marketing system. A descriptive research method was applied, based on a survey conducted in Bangladesh in three major seed producing divisions, namely: Dhaka, Chittagong, and Mymensingh. The data were gathered from 40 farmers and 40 retailers & wholesalers who were chosen at random, and the data was analysed in Microsoft Excel. The objective of the study is to analyze marketing practices of vegetable and fruit seeds, the problems of vegetable and fruit seed distribution, and to propose a method for the sustainable distribution of vegetable and fruit seeds. The results showed a lack of genuine and timely market information, poor institutions and arrangements, and poor marketing infrastructure. These findings are indicative of poor marketing efficiency and thereby suboptimal operation of the seed marketing system. Hence, the results found in this study should help to institute appropriate measures for production, market infrastructure, arrangements, and institutions to improve the inefficient functioning of the seed marketing system.
Expert Assessment of Prioritized Determinants For a Smarter Grid Through The Lens of Residential Demand Response: The Case Study of Ontario, Canada
Authors:   The University of Tokyo, Nikolaos Iliopoulos , Motoharu Onuki , Ioan Nistor , Miguel Esteban
Published: December 2021

In recent years, smart grids have attracted considerable attention. However, despite the promising potential of the technologies encompassed within such systems, their adoption has been slow, geographically varied, and in the context of residential demand response, often subject to public scrutiny. The heterogeneous evolution of the smart grid is not only the product of technological limitations but is additionally sensitive to socio-political considerations prevalent at the national or provincial level. Through expert interviews that were conducted in Ontario, Canada, this study provides insights into which smart grid factors are considered as most important for its development, and also what are the drivers, inhibitors, benefits, and drawbacks that a smart grid provides and / or entails, placing particular emphasis on residential demand response programs. The constructs scrutinized were adapted from previous studies, and the information collected was analyzed following the procedure of the Grounded Delphi Method. The findings indicate that a consensus was reached, in that smart grids pave the way for increased demand flexibility and loss reductions, though these are contingent on measures being implemented regarding the creation of investment opportunities, engagement of consumers, and ensuring the security of private data. Relevant policy implications and research recommendations are also explored.
СОКИРОПОДІБНИЙ СКІПЕТР БРОНЗОВОГО ВІКУ З ПАЛАТКИ (ТРАНСИЛЬВАНІЯ) ТА ЙОГО СХІДНІ ЗВʼЯЗКИ
Authors: ПОПА КРИСТІАН ІОАН
Published: December 2021

У громаді Палатка (округ Клуж) у Трансильванії випадково виявили доісторичну (ймовірно, лосину) рогову сокиру, яка пізніше потрапила у володіння колекціонера. Цей предмет є надзвичайно рідкісним, тому ми піддали його аналізу в цій статті. Сокира має дугоподібне, але дуже тупе лезо і кругле лезо. Стовбур виконано через овальну перфорацію, всередині якої є численні сліди знаряддя. Зовнішня поверхня сокири відшліфована, зокрема кругла кромка, з краями у вигляді бордюра, прикрашеного короткими правильними поглибленнями. Видно, що предмет використовувався інтенсивно, на етапі, коли використовувався як інструмент. При детальнішому розгляді також було виявлено дві групи розміток: одна над лезом, виконана з двох “стремен”, а інша – між отвором і кромкою, що складається з косих стремен, хреста та кількох проколів.

Форма нагадує декілька відомих попередників доби неоліту та енеоліту в східній частині Європи у виробах як з пантів, так і з металу чи каменю. Проте найкращі аналоги знайдено серед предметів доби бронзи з сучасного простору України та Росії. В Інгульсько-катакомбній культурі зустрічалися кам’яні вироби з подібними краями, в тому числі з виїмчастим оздобленням. Однак, на нашу думку, найближчою аналогією є відомий скіпетр-сокира, знайдений у Дударкові, який особливо примітний завдяки численним врізаним на його поверхню зооморфним, фітоформним і геометричним мотивам, віднесеним до Многоваликової культури. У цьому ж східному ареалі Європи найкращі аналоги дають кам’яні сокири з Бородинського скарбу, або суворовського типу, що датуються першою половиною І тис. до н.е. З огляду на ці відповідники наша оцінка полягає у тому, що сокиру з Палатки можна інтерпретувати як скіпетр, подібний до інших предметів з пантів, які вже були виявлені в епоху середньої та пізньої бронзи у Трансильванії або сусідніх регіонах.

З приводу датування та контексту предмета зазначимо: цілком імовірно, що він походить із обстеженого в Палатці місця – “Тогуллуй-Мандрушка”, де було виявлено поселення, що датується початком епохи пізньої бронзи, і з якого походять інші предмети східного типу, зокрема бронзова голка з чотирма виступами та кераміка культури Ноуа.
ПРОБЛЕМА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РАЙХСКОМІСАРІАТУ “УКРАЇНА” (1941 – 1944) У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ
Authors: ГОНЧАРЕНКО Олексій , ПОТИЛЬЧАК Олександр
Published: December 2021

Метою статті є історіографічний аналіз досліджень вітчизняних вчених з проблематики діяльності установ місцевого управління цивільної адміністрації Райхскомісаріату “Україна” (далі – РКУ) у вертикалі органів нацистського окупаційного режиму, з’ясування головних напрямів цих студій, виявлення недостатньо вивчених питань та окреслення перспективних напрямів подальших досліджень цієї тематики. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на наукових принципах історизму, об’єктивності, наступності, науковості та системності. Для студіювання історіографічного контексту проблеми автори застосовують методи історичної компаративістики, джерелознавчого, структурно-функціонального та ретроспективного аналізу. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у системному аналізі основних здобутків і проблемних питань вітчизняної історіографії у сфері реконструкції однієї з маловідомих, назагал недостатньо вивчених і контроверсійних сторінок минулого України доби нацистської окупації 1941 – 1944 рр. Висновки. Проблематика особливостей функціонування органів місцевого управління, підпорядкованих німецькій цивільній адміністрації РКУ, в сучасній українській історіографії наразі розробляється доволі активно. У результаті цих досліджень з'ясовано основні напрями діяльності та повноваження районних, міських і сільських управ у соціально-економічній, культурно-освітній, комунальній та побутовій сферах. Об’єктивно сприяючи реалізації завдань окупаційної політики, ці низові управлінські структури паралельно працювали й на забезпечення в екстремальних умовах війни потреб місцевого соціуму. Достатньо вивченими виглядають регіональні аспекти функціонування органів місцевого управління РКУ. Авторами встановлено їх організаційну структуру, службові повноваження, з’ясовано взаємостосунки зі структурами німецької військової та цивільної окупаційної влади. Попри ці позитивні тенденції, напрацьований науковий наратив не позбавлений певної плутанини в понятійному апараті, особливо у сегменті ідентифікації цих органів як “самоврядних”, “українських” або ж “громадських”. Окремі дослідники гіперболізують участь осередків ОУН і національно орієнтованої української інтелігенції у створенні та діяльності інституцій місцевої влади, зокрема у період перебування окупованих українських земель під контролем тимчасової німецької військової адміністрації.
Pelaksanaan Self Management terhadap Perilaku Perawatan Diri pada Pasien Gagal Jantung di Desa Plesungan
Authors: Saelan Saelan , Toyyibah Dzurriyatun , Setia Adi Galih , Prasetyo Budi
Published: December 2021

Penyakit Gagal jantung beresiko mengalami kekambuhan yang disebabkan karena kurangnya perawatan diri. Sebagian besar kekambuhan gagal jantung terjadi karena pasien tidak memenuhi terapi yang dianjurkan, misalnya tidak melaksanakan terapi pengobatan dengan tepat, melanggar pembatasan diet, tidak mematuhi tindak lanjut medis, melakukan aktivitas fisik yang berlebihan, dan tidak dapat mengenali gejala kekambuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan Self Management  terhadap perilaku perawatan diri pasien gagal jantung kongestif di desa Plesungan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen, dengan pre dan post test design group.  Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua pasien dengan riwayat penyakit gagal jantung di Desa Plesungan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah responden dengan riwayat penyakit gagal jantung kongestif dengan  metodeconsecutive sampling sejumlah 18 responden. Metode penelitian dengan uji paired sample t-tes  dengan confidence interval 95%. Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan perawatan diri sebelum pemberian self management ada 7 yang adekuat dan 11 yang tidak adekuat, sedangkan setelah diberikan intervensi didapatkan 15 adekuat dan 3 tidak adekuat, sedangkan hasil analisis bivariatp value 0,011 atau p < 0,05, maka ada pengaruh pemberian self management terhadap perilaku perawatan diri pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif. Kesimpulan self management terhadap perilaku perawatan diri pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif di Plesungan, saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meneliti tentang management kebutuhan diet yang tepat untuk penyakit gagal jantung.
HOW TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE HETEROGENEITY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF A PAVEMENT IN LIGHTING DESIGN?
Authors: Greffier F. , Muzet V. , Boucher V.
Published: December 2021

Optimising lighting installations reduces energy consumption and stray light while providing optimal visibility conditions for road users. However, the origin of the large discrepancies often observed between the design of lighting installations and their actual performance remains poorly explained. For the design stage, it is assumed that the road has homogeneous photometric characteristics. To examine the impact of pavement heterogeneity on these differences, numerous measurements of pavement reflection properties were carried out on an experimental site with a portable device. A homemade software was used to perform several road lighting calculations by integrating the measured r-tables in different ways. New metrics based on lighting performance criteria deviation and pavement reflection properties deviation are used to compare the calculations. The results highlight the importance of measuring the optical properties of pavements and confirm methodological guidelines for making representative on-site measurements.
NEW ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIE USING COMPOSITIONS WITH PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Bucuresteanu R.C. , Husch M. , Ionita M. , Raditoiu V. , Chihaia V. , Marcu C. , Ditu L.M. , Mihaescu G.
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the studies started by an inter-disciplinary team in finding a disinfection method using a coating with photocatalytically activated antimicrobial properties by visible spectrum radiation. An own method of preparation led to the obtaining of a photocatalytic pigment based on copper-doped titanium dioxide to move the activation spectrum to the visible range. The preparation method was designed so as to allow transposition into industrial production. The demonstration and measurement of the photocatalytic effect for certification as an industrial product was done based on an adapted method, starting from two existing standards. A washable paint containing the photocatalytic pigment was tested "in situ", the results demonstrating the reduction of microbial load. The paper is based on current knowledge about light-activated antimicrobiological agents (LAAs) in an attempt to further the study of visible spectrum radiation, which in combination with a series of photosensitizers excited by this radiation, have the role of generating photocatalytic reactions with disinfection effect.
A GENERIC GLARE SENSATION MODEL BASED ON THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM
Authors: Vissenberg M.C.J.M. , Perz M. , Donners M.A.H. , Sekulovski D.
Published: December 2021

Conventional discomfort glare measures are based on glare source properties like luminous intensity or luminance and typically are valid only to specific situations and to specific types of light sources. For instance, the Unified Glare Rating (UGR) is intended for indoor lighting conditions with medium-sized glare sources, whereas another class of discomfort glare measures is specifically devoted to car headlamps. Recently, CIE TC 3-57 started with the aim to develop a more generic glare sensation model based on the human visual system. We present an example of such a model, including a detailed description of aspects like pupil constriction, retinal image formation, photoreceptor response and adaptation, receptive field-type filtering in the retina, and neural spatial summation. The linear correlation of the model to UGR in an indoor setting, and to subjective glare responses in an outdoor-like setting indicate that the human-visual-system-based model may indeed be considered generic.
ADAPTATIONS TO SUBJECTIVE INSTRUMENTS FOR DYNAMIC VIEW ASSESSMENT EVALUATION
Authors: Rodriguez F. , Garcia-Hansen V.
Published: December 2021

Although daylight changes seen through windows are likely to mediate positive responses in occupants, there are no specialized instruments capturing responses to dynamic attributes in views. This study mapped self-report instruments that could be readily adjusted to measure subjective responses to dynamic views. Through a revision of the literature, 55 papers in view assessment were clustered as a function of prevalent label types and constructs used to investigate responses to static outdoor views. Feature-type was the prevalent label distinction to investigate responses to window views, whilst preference and restoration were the predominant constructs in view out research. Four instruments were deemed appropriate to capture responses to dynamic attributes in views with respect to restoration, provided that semantic adaptations and further validations are set in place. This study highlights the need for more validation studies to increase the robustness of self-report instruments and outlines a theoretical approach to achieve this scope.
FACILITY FOR CALIBRATION OF PHOTOMETERS FOR TEMPORAL LIGHT MODULATION
Authors: Dekker P.R. , van Bloois A.L.
Published: December 2021

We developed a facility for calibration of TLM (temporal light modulation) photometers. The facility is based on a laser-fed reference source, of which the radiance can be modulated with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). A system of photodiodes, amplifiers, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to sample the temporally modulated radiance of the source. With the facility a TLM photometer was calibrated for display contrast ratio RMS (root mean square) with an absolute combined standard uncertainty of 0,037 %. In addition, the facility has been characterised with the aim of measuring flicker and stroboscopic effect, considering the Ecodesign ‘Single Lighting Regulation’. The frequency response of the facility shows to be sufficient to accommodate measurements of flicker and the stroboscopic effect.
INVESTIGATING LIGHT AND CRIME USING AMBIENT LIGHT LEVEL
Authors: Fotios S. , Robbins C.J. , Farrall S.
Published: December 2021

A recent study investigated the influence of lighting on crime by considering the effect of change in ambient light level on crimes recorded in three US cities for the ten-year period 2010 to 2019. The results suggested a significant increase in robbery after dark, but did not suggest significant change in for any other type of crime. The current study was conducted to validate this by considering crimes recorded in three different US cities. This analysis confirmed the statistically significant increase in robbery after dark. These data do not suggest that change in ambient light level has a practically relevant effect on overall crime counts: in other words, the potential benefit of lighting for crime reduction is limited.
DEVELOPMENT OF A µBRDF GONIOSPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR BRDF MEASUREMENT ON TINY SURFACES
Authors: Saha D. , Gevaux L. , Cances T. , Richard A. , Obein G.
Published: December 2021

A µBRDF goniospectrophotometer has been developed at LNE-CNAM. This device performs traceable BRDF measurement with a measurement surface of 30 µm of diameter. All angular configuration of measurement belonging to the hemisphere are possible. The spectral range is the visible. This device intends to help to progress in the effort to extent the BRDF metrological scale from the centimetre size to micrometre size. Traceable µBRDF measurement are requested today to validate physical based rendering models used in virtual prototyping and to progress in the comprehension of the appearance of natural material like wool, wood, or leather.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL COLOUR APPEARANCE SCALES FOR COLOUR STIMULI HAVING HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE
Authors: Xi Lv , Ming Ronnier Luo
Published: December 2021

New colour appearance scales close to daily experience and image quality enhancement are highly desired including whiteness, blackness, vividness and depth. This article describes a new experiment to accumulate the data under HDR (high dynamic range) conditions. The data were then used to test the performance of different colour appearance scales such as CIELAB and CAM16-UCS plus the recent extension by Berns’ Vab*, Dab*. The results showed those Berns’ scales gave reasonable performance. However, there was no scale capable of predicting colour appearance data covering a wide dynamic range. New scales were developed based on the absolute scales of brightness and colourfulness of CAM16-UCS and gave accurate prediction to the data.
A NEUROPHYSIOLOGY-BASED MODEL TO ESTIMATE VISIBILITY IN ACTUAL LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Yoshizawa N. , Shida H.
Published: December 2021

Visibility is one of the fundamental factors for explaining the lighting environment, and various quantitative indexes for these have been made in such a manner that directly finds the formulae that best match the numerous subjective evaluations. Recently neurophysiology-based models have been paid attention as the complementary or alternative methods to these conventional indexes. In this paper we will introduce the normalization and gain control models, which are generally accepted theories in the visual information processing, to estimate the visibility, and verify the validity of this algorithm by comparing with the subjective evaluation in the experimental room. The result showed that the algorithm in this research could estimate the visibility of the simple objects in the experimental space with a pseudo window with great accuracy, however, it is desirable and necessary to publicly discuss various algorithms and clarify their reliability based on the verification results under various situations.
ILLUMINANCE AT THE EYE AS A SIMPLE METRIC FOR DISCOMFORT GLARE FROM PEDESTRIAN SCALE LUMINAIRES
Authors: Abboushi B. , Miller N. , Fotios S.
Published: December 2021

In outdoor environments after dark, pedestrians may experience discomfort from road lighting. Previous studies have therefore developed models to predict discomfort from glare in pedestrian applications. However, the performance of these models has not been comprehensively assessed, and measurement challenges arise in field evaluations. This paper evaluates the performance of a model proposed by Bullough et al (2008) and compares it to prediction using only direct illuminance at the eye. Diagnostic metric tests were conducted using three independent datasets from previously published studies. The results suggested that direct illuminance at the eye performed similarly to the Bullough et al. model over the range of lighting conditions examined. These conditions included one glare source that contributed between 4 lx - 82 lx, and a low contribution from indirect illuminance and other lighting installations 1 lx - 4 lx. Further studies are needed to examine the importance of incorporating indirect illuminance from source and ambient illuminance for predicting discomfort glare.
IMPACT OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS ON THE EVALUATION OF STREET LIGHTING UNIFORMITY
Authors: Wänström Lindh Ulrika , Jägerbrand Annika K.
Published: December 2021

Uniformity of lighting for pedestrians is often assumed to have been achieved in mixed traffic environments when the lighting uniformity requirements for vehicular traffic have been fulfilled. Uniformity of lighting for drivers is commonly evaluated based on quan-titative data on parameters such as overall luminance uniformity. However, methods for evaluating uniformity from the perspective of other road users are currently somewhat lacking. This study discusses qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing street lighting uniformity, and the potential implications for lighting design and the road us-ers. We used convergence design and imbedded design based on two field studies. The research purpose is twofold: first, to study if, and how, measured lighting uni-formity corresponds with visual perception. Secondly, to identify and explain the addi-tional value that a combined method approach can contribute. The study considers ex-amples of when the measured uniformity corresponds to visually perceived uniformity and when they do not correspond.
COLOUR FIDELITY AND ILLUMINANCE TRADE-OFF: TESTING LIGHTING VALUES
Authors: Veitch J.A. , Whitehead L.A.
Published: December 2021

The higher the colour fidelity of a light source, the lower its luminous efficacy of radiation because the light source spectrum must deviate from V(λ) to deliver the higher fidelity. Two experiments probed the trade-off between energy efficiency and colour quality. Experiment 1 required participants to simultaneously view pairs of light sources differing in colour fidelity, at either a higher (346 lx) or lower (277 lx) illuminance. Participants performed a timed reading task and judged the colour appearance of the pair. There were no effects of illuminance, but larger colour fidelity differences between the light sources in the pair correlated with lower appearance judgements. Experiment 2 simulated the effect of light sources on defined reflectance spectra. The results showed that improvements of colour fidelity above what is often considered satisfactory can yield more satisfying illumination while using the same amount of power.
HOW CAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING SUPPORT THE INCREASED RECYCLING OF LUMINAIRES AND LIGHT SOURCES
Authors: Baradaran-Razaz N. , Merschbrock C. , Jägerbrand A.K. , Nilsson Tengelin M.
Published: December 2021

Reducing waste from luminaire and light source products has become a core priority for practice and research. This has to do with luminaires frequently ending up in landfills and that scarce rare earth elements are seldomly recovered. This paper explores how the use of modern information systems, like Building Information Modelling (BIM), in conjunction with databases, can contribute to increasing the recycling rates of light sources and luminaires. Although there is a wealth of studies on BIM and life-cycle assessments (LCA), there is a scarcity of studies exploring the interface of BIM, LCA and lighting. Based on a review of the literature and interviews with subject matter experts, this paper contributes an early understanding how relevant environmental data about luminaires can be systematically stored and transmitted throughout the life cycle of a project. Findings indicate that the latest generation of BIM classification structures allows for manufacturers and material suppliers to make their product data readily available for construction design teams. Making this data available in a structured digital way, allows for informed environmental decision-making throughout the life cycle of a building project aiding recycling rates and material recovery.
USING RELATIVE VISUAL PERFORMANCE TO PREDICT THE ABILITY TO MAKE INTERPERSONAL EVALUATIONS
Authors: Fotios S. , Mao Y. , Hamoodh K. , Cheal C.
Published: December 2021

In research of lighting for pedestrians, many experiments have been conducted to determine how changes in lighting affect the ability to make interpersonal evaluations. Here we consider an alternative approach, predicting performance using a model - Relative Visual Performance. The results show that face evaluation ability is affected by adaptation luminance and also by personal characteristics; observer age and skin tone of the observed person. While 2 lx is sufficient for a young observer to evaluate a Caucasian face, the typical situation in laboratory trials, higher illuminances are needed for older observers and for darker skin tones.
TOWARDS AN AVIAN FLICKER VISIBILITY MEASURE
Authors: Sekulovski D. , Perz M. , Stephan A.
Published: December 2021

We propose a measure of temporal light quality that could be used to design flicker-free light sources, as perceived by birds. It can be applied to, among others, the poultry industry to reduce the negative impact of the modulated light on chicken health and well-being. The model is built by modifying an existing human flicker visibility model considering properties of bird vision. We discuss the implications of the model responses on the temporal quality of relevant historical light sources.