bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Choukourov Andrei , Pleskunov Pavel , Nikitin Daniil , Titov Valerii , Shelemin Artem , Vaidulych Mykhailo , Kuzminova Anna , Solař Pavel , Hanuš Jan , Kousal Jaroslav , Kylián Ondřej , Slavínská Danka , Biederman Hynek
Published: September 2017

This contribution reviews plasma polymer nanoparticles produced by gas aggregation cluster sources either via plasma polymerization of volatile monomers or via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of conventional polymers. The formation of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, silicon- and nitrogen-containing plasma polymer nanoparticles as well as core@shell nanoparticles based on plasma polymers is discussed with a focus on the development of novel nanostructured surfaces.
Pour en finir avec la pensée psychanaloïde réactionnaire
Authors: Vidaillet Bénédicte
Published: September 2017

La pensée réactionnaire et sa réussite au plan politique comme médiatique ont prospéré à partir de représentations totalement erronées de la société. Que dire quand ces représentations sont alimentées par une certaine psychanalyse qui s’autorise à intervenir de manière extrêmement normative sur de nombreux sujets de société, participant ainsi de manière décisive à discréditer l’ensemble de la psychanalyse, embrigadée pour soutenir les postures les plus réactionnaires. Ce texte propose d’identifier ce qui fait le noyau de cette pensée psychanaloïde à prétention sociologique et de retracer de quelle manière elle se constitue progressivement comme soubassement d’une « expertise » erronée sur la société. En contre-point, il donne aussi l’occasion de réfléchir aux conditions auxquelles la psychanalyse pourrait s’articuler à la fois aux travaux et recherches en sciences humaines et sociales pour faire signifier et y articuler la clinique, et s’inscrire plus franchement dans les pensées critiques contemporaines.
Les signifiants de Marine Le Pen
Authors: Wahnich Stéphane
Published: September 2017

Le discours est l’essence même du politique. Tout commence par la parole qui permet avant toute action d’exprimer son idéologie, sa vision de la société et des individus. C’est par le discours que l’on peut conquérir le pouvoir. Historiquement, le Front national le sait bien. Pour Jean-Marie Le Pen, les mots constituent une « arme en politique » et Marine Le Pen l’a bien appris. C’est la raison pour laquelle, à l’instar de son père, les discours de Marine Le Pen sont travaillés, les mots sont ciselés afin que les signes émis par le discours soient les bons. Incapable électoralement de pouvoir gouverner ne serait-ce qu’une petite partie du territoire de France, Marine Le Pen sait que seul le discours lui permet d’exister politiquement. En politique, les mots précèdent les actes, Marine Le Pen va faire de l’usage discursif un enjeu existentiel. Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière les ressorts des mots de Marine Le Pen : la catholicité, les peurs, le complot, les signifiants…
La présentation clinique dans la pratique et la transmission de la psychanalyse : un acte analytique
Authors: Vidaillet Bénédicte
Published: September 2017

La présentation clinique constituait pour Jacques Lacan un élément essentiel de la transmission de la psychanalyse au même titre que les textes, la cure et les études de cas cliniques, alors que cette pratique est initialement associée à la grande tradition de la formation en psychiatrie. La question traitée dans ce texte est alors la suivante : en quoi – et à quelles conditions – la présentation clinique, pratiquée sous la forme d’un entretien unique entre une personne hospitalisée dans un service psychiatrique, qui a accepté cet entretien proposé par l’équipe soignante, et un psychanalyste, devant un public de personnes concernées par la psychanalyse, est-elle bien le lieu d’un acte analytique ?
Origen de la casiterita detrítica en los aluviones recientes de Tirados de la Vega-Golpejas (Salamanca)
Authors: Fort González R.
Published: September 2017

En el sector Tirados de la Vega-Golpejas han sido detectadas dos anomalías de casiterita en los aluviones del Regato de los Lentiscos y en otros existentes al sur de Tirados de la Vega. El estudio granométrico y morfométrico de éstas casiteritas. contrastado con el de la casiterita procedente del granito de Golpejas. permite asegurar que la anomalía del Regato de los Lentiscos se debe a la dispersión de la casiterita de aquel granito. mientras que la de Tirados de la Vega procede de filones estanníferos. La aplicación del análisis factoral corrobora este hecho y permite diferenciar las casiteritas que proceden de rocas graníticas de aquellas que vienen de filones estanníferos. Según esto se puede indicar que la capacidad de migración de la casiterita desde el yacimiento estannífero de Golpejas es de unos 3 Kms.
Mineralogía y génesis de la fracción fina de la serie de El Rinconcillo (formaciones Flysch del Campo de Gibraltar. SW de España)
Authors: Ruiz Cruz M. D. , Rodríguez P. , Carrasco F.
Published: September 2017

La serie de El Rinconcillo, atribuida a la Unidad de Algeciras, presenta variaciones mineralógicas notables respecto a las series "tipo" definidas en esta Unidad tanto en el norte de Africa como en el suroeste de España. Aunque en gran parte la mineralogía es común con otras series de esta Unidad (ilita, caolinita, clorita, interestratificados I-E), se diferencia no obstante, por la elevada proporción de esmectita Fe-Al y la presencia esporádica de paligorskita.
Ilita, caolinta y clorita, se consideran minerales heredados. La esmectita y los interestratificados I-E son también heredados en las turbiditas, procedentes de la transformación de la ilita en el área fuente bajo diferente grado de meteorización. Finalmente, la formación de paligorskita en las turbidítas calcáreas del Eoceno medio acompañada por esmectita y la ausencia de caolinita en este tramo, es difícil de explicar en relación con los materiales turbidíticos. Parece más probable que las corrientes de turbidez hayan arrastrado sedimentos arcillosos preexistentes en los que ha podido tener lugar la transformación y/o neoformación de estos minerales.
Determining the Optimum Arrangement of Micromixers in a Microchannel Filled with CuO-Water Nanofluid via Minimizing Entropy Generation
Authors: Ababaei Ahmad , Abbaszadeh Mahmoud , Abbasian Arani Ali Akbar
Published: September 2017

In this study, the flow of CuO-water nanofluid in a parallel-plate microchannel in the presence of several micromixers is examined to find optimum arrangements of the micromixers. The governing equations, which are accompanied with the slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions, are solved by the Finite Volume Method and SIMPLER algorithm. The study is conducted for the Reynolds numbers in the range of 10 ≤ Re ≤ 100, Knudsen numbers ranging of 0 ≤ Kn ≤ 0.1 and volume fraction of nanoparticles ranging of 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 4%. The results show that the optimum arrangements of the micromixers belong to cases in which the heights of micromixers are smaller, the distance between them is lower, and their numbers are more.
The Flow and Mixed Convection around Tandem Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Laidoudi Houssem , Bilal Blissag , Bouzit Mohamed
Published: September 2017

A numerical investigation is carried out to understand the effects of thermal buoyancy and Reynolds number on flow characteristics and mixed convection heat transfer over three isothermal circular cylinders situated in a tandem arrangement within a horizontal channel. The distance between cylinders is fixed at the value of 2.5 widths of the cylinder. The obtained results are presented and discussed for the range of conditions as: Re = 5 to 40, Ri = 0 to 2 at fixed Pr number of 1 and blockage ratio β = 0.25. The main results are depicted in terms of streamlines and isotherm contours to analyze the effect of thermal buoyancy on fluid flow and heat transfer rate. Moreover, the overall drag coefficient and Nusselt number are computed to elucidate the role of Reynolds number and Richardson number on the flow and heat transfer. It is found that increase in the Richardson number increases the drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder whereas it decreases the heat transfer rate of this cylinder. The superimposed of thermal buoyancy created a new sort of recirculation zones between the tandem cylinders.
IL-22 Increases Permeability of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions by Enhancing Claudin-2 Expression
Authors: Wang Yaya , Mumm John Brian , Herbst Ronald , Kolbeck Roland , Wang Yue
Published: September 2017

Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier is a hallmark of inflammatory intestinal diseases. The intestinal epithelial barrier is maintained by expression of tight junctions that connect adjacent epithelial cells and seal the paracellular space. IL-22 is critical for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function through promoting antipathogen responses and regeneration of epithelial tissues in the gut. However, little is known about the effects of IL-22 on the regulation of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium. In this study we report that IL-22 signals exclusively through the basolateral side of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers. IL-22 treatment does not affect the flux of uncharged macromolecules across cell monolayers but significantly reduces transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating an increase of paracellular permeability for ions. IL-22 treatment on Caco-2 monolayers and on primary human intestinal epithelium markedly induces the expression of Claudin-2, a cation–channel-forming tight junction protein. Furthermore, treatment of IL-22 in mice upregulates Claudin-2 protein in colonic epithelial cells. Knocking down Claudin-2 expression with small interfering RNA reverses the reduction of TEER in IL-22–treated cells. Moreover, IL-22–mediated upregulation of Claudin-2 and loss of TEER can be suppressed with the treatment of JAK inhibitors. In summary, our results reveal that IL-22 increases intestinal epithelial permeability by upregulating Claudin-2 expression through the JAK/STAT pathway. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of IL-22 in the regulation and maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Acute post traumatic portal venous thrombosis associated with shattered spleen: A case report
Authors: Gupta Ranjana , Mittal Puneet , Sekhon Preetparkash S , Mittal Amit , Kaur Harkirat , Aamir Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Post-traumatic portal venous thrombosis is a rare event, and is usually seen in association with penetrating injuries. Portal venous thrombosis following blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare with only few reports in the literature, some associated with underlying coagulation disorders. We report multidetector computed tomography findings in a case of blunt abdominal trauma with otherwise normal coagulation profile, which showed shattered spleen and MDCT evidence of acute thrombosis in the right branch of the portal vein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented report of acute portal venous thrombosis in association with shattered spleen.
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis – A case report
Authors: Shalini P , Shah Virna M
Published: September 2017

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements and accompanied by progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. It occurs due to mutation in ROBO 3 gene/chromosome 11q23-q25. We report a case of a 60-year-old lady who presented with complaints of defective vision in both eyes. On examination, she had scoliosis with restricted abduction and adduction in both eyes with intact elevation and depression. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit showed brainstem hypoplasia with absence of facial colliculi, presence of a deep midline pontine cleft (split pons sign), and a butterfly configuration of the medulla, which are the radiological findings seen in this disorder.
Serial brain MRI findings in a rare survivor of rabies encephalitis
Authors: Rao Akhilesh , Pimpalwar Yayati , Mukherjee Arindam , Yadu Neha
Published: September 2017

Rabies is a neurotropic viral illness, almost always fatal, that is equally dreaded by healthcare practitioners and patients due to the dismal prognosis and limited treatment options once symptoms set in. There are hardly any reports on MRI changes in the brain in survivors of rabies encephalitis. We present the clinical course and the imaging findings on serial MRI examinations in a rare patient who survived rabies infection. Initial brain MRI done 8 days after onset of symptoms revealed bilaterally symmetrical non-enhancing areas of T1 and T2 hyperintensity in the basal ganglia, thalami, mid brain, and pons along with T2 hyperintensity and restricted diffusion in fronto-parietal cortical grey matter and left hippocampus. Subsequent MRI scans at 2 months and 5 months revealed progressive brain atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, and gliosis.
Endovascular management of iatrogenic renal vascular injuries complicating percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Role of renal angiography and embolization; an analysis of 159 cases
Authors: Venkateswarlu J , Kumar M Sravan , Babu Ravindra P , Abkari Anand
Published: September 2017

Objective: To describe the use of renal angiography in the detection of renal vascular injuries following percutaneous nephrolithotomy and to assess the efficacy of endovascular management of these complications. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 159 consecutive patients over a period of 12 years from 2005 to 2016 who presented with significant post nephrolithotomy hemorrhage and who were evaluated by renal angiography as a first-line diagnostic study, followed by embolization of identified renal vascular injuries in the same session. The parameters assessed for each patient included type of renal vascular injury identified, type of embolic material and therapeutic outcome. Results: Renal vascular lesions identified in 119 patients were treated with embolization with complete resolution of hemorrhage, no further clinical deterioration and preservation of renal function. Conclusions: Renal vascular injury is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Early renal angiography and selective embolization can play an integral diagnostic and therapeutic role.
Construction for Fashion Design
Authors: Fischer Anette , Gobin Kiran
Published: September 2017

Construction is the foundation of fashion design; it takes passion and great skill to turn a two-dimensional drawing into a successful garment.

Construction for Fashion Design guides readers through the process, teaching the theory, practical skills and techniques that they need to succeed. It leads readers through the essential stages of creating a garment, from pattern cutting and draping on the mannequin to sewing techniques and haberdashery.

This fully revised and expanded second edition features insightful case studies with leading creative practitioners at the cutting edge of the fashion industry today, complete with detailed, step-by-step exercises that enable readers to contextualise their knowledge and put it into practise for the creation of their own successful projects.
Social Media For Fashion Marketing
Authors: Bendoni Wendy K.
Published: September 2017

Social Media for Fashion Marketing enables students to explore how social network platforms continue to alter digital communication and have an impact on the marketing strategies employed by the fashion industry. It also crucially equips readers with the know-how to examine current industry trends in social media marketing, such as the impact of new technologies, digital influencers, analytics and SEO on the fashion cycle and on consumer behaviour.

This book uniquely explores how social media marketing platforms are utilized and integrated by fashion industry professionals to better understand a brand's target audience, determine new digital strategies for growth and to create effective new media tools.

Readers gain valuable insights through a range of digital marketing case studies and chapter exercises that focus on critical thinking and practical applications. The title also features an impressive wealth of interviews with key industry practitioners, including Daniel Plenge (Marc Jacobs), Aliza Licht (Donna Karan International), Alistair Allan (Burberry), Laura West (Nike) and Andrea Port (Kenneth Cole).
Darkness Falls on the Land of Light
Authors: Winiarski Douglas L.
Published: September 2017

This sweeping history of popular religion in eighteenth-century New England examines the experiences of ordinary men and women living through extraordinary times. Drawing on an unprecedented quantity of letters, diaries, and testimonies, Douglas Winiarski recovers the pervasive and vigorous lay piety of the early eighteenth century. George Whitefield’s preaching tour of 1740 called into question the fundamental assumptions of this thriving religious culture. Incited by Whitefield and fascinated by miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit—visions, bodily fits, and sudden conversions—countless New Englanders broke ranks with family, neighbors, and ministers who dismissed their religious experiences as delusive enthusiasm. The new converts of the so-called Great Awakening, the progenitors of today’s evangelical movement, bitterly assaulted the Congregational establishment. Conflict transformed inclusive parishes into exclusive networks of combative spiritual seekers. Then as now, evangelicalism emboldened ordinary people to question traditional authorities. Their challenge shattered whole communities.
The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why did this happen? And what role did Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's economic reforms play in the country's dissolution? In this groundbreaking study, Chris Miller shows that Gorbachev and his allies tried to learn from the great success story of transitions from socialism to capitalism, Deng Xiaoping's China. Why, then, were efforts to revitalize Soviet socialism so much less successful than in China?
Making use of never-before-studied documents from the Soviet politburo and other archives, Miller argues that the difference between the Soviet Union and China--and the ultimate cause of the Soviet collapse--was not economics but politics. The Soviet government was divided by bitter conflict, and Gorbachev, the ostensible Soviet autocrat, was unable to outmaneuver the interest groups that were threatened by his economic reforms. Miller's analysis settles long-standing debates about the politics and economics of perestroika, transforming our understanding of the causes of the Soviet Union's rapid demise.
Experiential Caribbean
Authors: Gómez Pablo F.
Published: September 2017

This book examines the strategies that Caribbean people used to create authoritative knowledge about the natural world, and particularly the body, during the long seventeenth century. It reveals a hitherto untold history about the transformation of early modern natural and human landscapes, one that unfolds outside existent analytical frameworks for the study of the Atlantic world. The book introduces some of the earliest and richest known records carrying the voices of people of African descent, including African themselves, to change our understanding of the dynamics and intellectual spaces in which early modern people produced transformative ideas about the natural world. Caribbean cultures of bodies and healing appeared through a localized epistemological upheaval based on the experiential and articulated by ritual specialists of African origin. These changes resulted from multiple encounters between actors coming from all over the globe that occurred in a social, spiritual, and intellectual realm that, even though ubiquitous, does not appear in existent histories of science, medicine, and the African diaspora. The intellectual leaders of the mostly black and free communities of the seventeenth century Caribbean defined not only how to interpret nature, but also the very sensorial landscapes on which reality could be experienced. They invented a powerful and lasting way of imagining, defining and dealing with the world.
Rise of the Arab American Left
Authors: Pennock Pamela E.
Published: September 2017

In this first history of Arab American activism in the 1960s, Pamela Pennock brings to the forefront one of the most overlooked minority groups in the history of American social movements. Focusing on the ideas and strategies of key Arab American organizations and examining the emerging alliances between Arab American and other anti-imperialist and antiracist movements, Pennock sheds new light on the role of Arab Americans in the social change of the era. She details how their attempts to mobilize communities in support of Middle Eastern political or humanitarian causes were often met with suspicion by many Americans, including heavy surveillance by the Nixon administration. Cognizant that they would be unable to influence policy by traditional electoral means, Arab Americans, through slow coalition building over the course of decades of activism, brought their central policy concerns and causes into the mainstream of activist consciousness. With the support of new archival and interview evidence, Pennock situates the civil rights struggle of Arab Americans within the story of other political and social change of the 1960s and 1970s. By doing so, she takes a crucial step forward in the study of American social movements of that era.
Developing “Third World” Feminist Networks, 1970
Authors: Frazier Jessica M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter asks whether and how connections between American civil rights movements and socialist revolutions outside the United States shaped feminisms of women of color. Scholars have noted the domestic challenges women of color faced when they tried to fight for both race and gender issues—they were often expected to choose and were labeled "sell outs" if they worked in white women's groups. Vietnamese women, who fought for both their nation's sovereignty and women's rights, provided an important example to women of color—one they could use as an inspiration and as evidence of the inseparability of race and gender. Through the example of Vietnamese women, women of color rejected the false dichotomy of fighting for race or gender and insisted on struggling against all forms of oppression.
Keeping up with the Yazzies
Authors: Jacobsen Kristina M.
Published: September 2017

Chapter 1 examines Navajo country music through the lens of geography (in particular through discussions of difference between the Arizona and New Mexico portions of “the rez”), focusing on the use of the culturally intimate term jaan, or “john,” to describe rural, “hick,” or hillbilly reservation identities. I then turn to country vocalist, drummer, and bandleader Candice Craig (of the Kinyaa’áanii, or Towering House Clan), analyzing how class, place-based and jaan identities are reflected and parodied in her own performances of Merle Haggard’s “Okie from Muskogee” and Gretchen Wilson’s “Redneck Woman.” Here, I analyze Craig’s embracing of a working-class, “rezneck” sociophonetic identity as a refusal to adhere to race- and place-based definitions of Diné identity, stretching the boundaries of what it means for a Navajo female performer to “sound” and be Diné.
Sounding Navajo
Authors: Jacobsen Kristina M.
Published: September 2017

Chapter Four interrogates what is defined as “sounding Navajo” and what happens when someone refuses to adhere to these expectations. Looking at how gender, nation, and the idea of a prescriptive “Navajo” sound intertwine, I show ethnographically how Navajo blues and rock bands such as Chucki Begay and the Mother Earth Blues Band are often told they don't “sound Navajo'” by local radio station deejays who refuse to play them on air. Instead, these deejays insist that sounding Navajo is defined as a male vocalist singing either Anglo-affiliated genres such as country music, or genres historically associated with Navajo tradition, such as social dance- and ceremonial songs. Tracing why Navajo identity came to be aligned with country music, the “rez” accent and the male singing voice through the work of the late singer and comedian Vincent Craig, it becomes clear how Navajo musical taste is inflected by class, generation, and gender ideologies.
Surrogate Suburbs
Authors: Michney Todd M.
Published: September 2017

The story of white flight and the neglect of black urban neighbourhoods has been well told by urban historians in recent decades. Yet much of this scholarship has downplayed black agency and tended to portray African Americans as victims of structural forces beyond their control. In this history of Cleveland's black middle class, Todd Michney uncovers the creative ways that members of this nascent community established footholds in areas outside the overcrowded, inner-city neighbourhoods to which most African Americans were consigned. In asserting their right to these outer-city spaces, African Americans appealed to city officials, allied with politically progressive whites (notably Jewish activists), and relied upon both black and white developers and real estate agents to expand these "surrogate suburbs" and maintain their liveability until the bona fide suburbs became more accessible. By tracking the trajectories of those who, in spite of racism, were able to succeed, Michney offers a valuable counterweight to histories that have focused on racial conflict and black poverty and tells the neglected story of the black middle class in America's cities prior to the 1960s.
The Roots of Upward Mobility
Authors: Michney Todd M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter uncovers how middling black families gained access to the outlying neighbourhoods of Glenville and Mount Pleasant, documenting these communities’ socioeconomic structures and their residents’ lifestyles. Representative of Cleveland’s black population on the whole with a large majority consisting of migrants from the American South, the nascent black middle class included not just professionals, but also postal workers, tradesmen, and service workers like chauffeurs. Topics explored include self-built housing and how these upwardly mobile black families got mortgage financing, as well as their patterns of interaction with nearby whites. Interracial social contact was limited but generally benign, except when African Americans attempted to use swimming facilities – which catalysed violent white opposition that in turn provided a spark for left-wing, interracial political activism. A final section assesses these black families’ considerable success in maintaining a toehold at the urban periphery, despite the economic setbacks of the Great Depression.
Racial Residential Transition at the Periphery
Authors: Michney Todd M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter compares the process of racial residential transition and patterns of interracial encounters in Glenville and the various neighbourhoods of Southeast Cleveland, finding differences mostly traceable to the white residents’ ethnic and class composition as well as the built environment. With most Jewish residents having left these areas, African Americans’ interactions with Roman Catholic Southern and Eastern Europeans took on greater significance. Aggressive real estate tactics seeking to promote rapid housing turnover became increasingly systematic and racial clashes (notably in the public schools) more common – including violent incidents which nevertheless remained on a low level overall, compared to Detroit and Chicago. Attempts at interracial neighbourhood mobilization continued, although the remaining white ethnics proved less receptive and demographic transition proceeded to the point where the population of these areas became overwhelmingly African American.
Lincoln’s Dreams of Death
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

Abraham Lincoln believed that dreams had some predictive capacity—that, perhaps, in dim ways, they could reveal the future. Several stories survive of dreams that he had that portended his death. This chapter delves into the history of those dreams, showing how some are true and others are likely fabrications. Why do Americans believe stories that seem so unlikely to be true? Because extraordinary stories about Lincoln tend to confirm for Americans that he was a great man—perhaps even embued with supernatural favor.
The Key Ingredients of Presidential Foodways
Authors: Miller Adrian
Published: September 2017

This chapter itemizes and elaborates on four different component parts (described in the book as "ingredients") that make-up presidential foodways. The first ingredient relates to the president: his or her palate, food philosophy, schedule, wealth and prerogative. The second ingredient involves the people who surround the president: the First Lady, the president's physician, and those who procure food for the White House. The third ingredient is White House culture: the workspace, kitchen equipment and technology, co-workers, perks, presidential pets, wildlife in and outside of the White House and racial attitudes. The fourth ingredient is the unexpected influences: the U.S. Congress, public perception, food gifts from the public, and the climate in Washington, D.C. The chapter includes recipes for roast ducks, popovers (a quick bread), and sweet potato cheesecake.
Semisweet
Authors: Miller Adrian
Published: September 2017

The presidential kitchen employed a number of free African Americans who worked side-by-side with enslaved people and indentured servants. After Emancipation, African Americans dominated the White House kitchen staff, and upon several occasions, the entire culinary workforce. These cooks come to the White House due to professional merit they possess, not the happenstance of being enslaved by the incumbent president. Still, these cooks faced a number of challenges and barriers, inside and outside of the White House, due to racial prejudice. The chapter chronologically profiles James Wormley, Lucy Fowler, Laura "Dollie" Johnson, Alice Howard, John Moaney and Zephyr Wright. These profiles indicate how they overcame various racial challenges. This chapter includes recipes for Pedernales River Chili, and President Eisenhower's Old-Fashioned Beef Stew.
From African Survivals to the Fight for Survival
Authors: Cooper Melissa L.
Published: September 2017

During the GGCHC meeting held on Sapelo in June 2009, when describing all of the roadblocks that the Islanders faced while trying to control, protect, and revitalize their community, Cornelia Bailey said, “I’m not here to paint a pretty picture. The picture is not pretty. It is ugly when it comes to us surviving in Hog Hammock. So we are surviving because we are survivors. We had the harshest thing called slavery and we still survived it.”...
Introduction
Authors: Biewen John
Published: September 2017

THE FIRST EDITION OF Reality Radio, published in 2010, celebrated a blossoming of creativity in journalism and nonfiction storytelling on the radio. In the 1990s and 2000s, a growing cohort of innovators showed up on public radio shows telling stories that sounded different, in a variety of ways, from the detached, relatively formal reporting usually heard on National Public Radio’s newsmagazines. “We are living in the golden age of radio documentary,” Samuel G. Freedman wrote in ...
Harnessing Luck as an Industrial Product
Authors: Glass Ira
Published: September 2017

The very notion of a radio documentary “fan” would have sounded weird at one time—back when the word documentary might have evoked thoughts of sonic Brussels sprouts. The producers who have done the most to change that, and to prompt talk of a new golden age, are the masters of the personal narrative. Several of our essayists have been at this since the 1980s or even the 1970s, but in the mid-1990s Ira Glass created a show devoted to the narrative and gave it a distinctly urban, and urbane, sensibility. As Ira makes clear, every story on This American Life has a point, a “moment of reflection,” a larger meaning of some sort. Some of those stories are tied to the news; many more are not. TAL stories tend to lead to epiphanies of the sort found in literature or the most cerebral standup comedy. In his essay, Ira tells the story of his evolution from NPR reporter to TAL impresario, and describes with detailed examples how he hears and reassembles stories.
Finding the Poetry
Authors: Roberts Dmae
Published: September 2017

Dmae Roberts, of Portland, Oregon, is both artist and journalist and one of our more versatile producers. Her work has ranged from the experimental and nakedly personal (“Mei Mei: A Daughter’s Song”) to the sweeping historical documentary (Crossing East), with many stylistic stops in between. No matter the subject matter or the genre, an essential part of her work is the same: selecting and pruning the spoken words of others to “find the poetry,” as Dmae puts it. In “Mei Mei,” though, she helps to create the poetry. Dmae’s Taiwanese mother, in telling of being sold as a young child, struggles to express herself in English. So Dmae writes simple, poetic lines paraphrasing her mother and hires an actor to read them. She tweaks reality in pursuit of a truer portrait. It’s an act of radio craft, and of love.
Afterword
Authors: Allison Jay
Published: September 2017

WHEN I WAS SMALL, I was quiet. Not shy exactly, but not someone with a radio future either. My father, on the other hand, was a wonderful talker. A big man with a big personality, he was full of funny stuff and everyone enjoyed him, including me. There was no sense in trying to match his affable, amplified self. Instead, I watched and listened: a happy audience....
Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing secondary organic material free of inorganic salts
Authors: Song Mijung , Liu Pengfei , Martin Scot T. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Particles containing secondary organic material (SOM) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play a role in climate and air quality. Recently, research has shown that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurs at high relative humidity (RH) (greater than  ∼  95 %) in α-pinene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts, while LLPS does not occur in isoprene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts. We expand on these findings by investigating LLPS at 290 ± 1 K in SOM particles free of inorganic salts produced from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene, ozonolysis of limonene, and photo-oxidation of toluene. LLPS was observed at greater than  ∼  95 % RH in the biogenic SOM particles derived from β-caryophyllene and limonene while LLPS was not observed in the anthropogenic SOM particles derived from toluene. This work combined with the earlier work on LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts suggests that the occurrence of LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts is related to the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O : C) of the organic material. These results help explain the difference between the hygroscopic parameter κ of SOM particles measured above and below water saturation in the laboratory and field, and have implications for predicting the cloud condensation nucleation properties of SOM particles.
Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NOx levels in the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Baier Bianca C. , Brune William H. , Miller David O. , Blake Donald , Long Russell , Wisthaler Armin , Cantrell Christopher , Fried Alan , Heikes Brian , Brown Steven , McDuffie Erin , Flocke Frank , Apel Eric , Kaser Lisa , Weinheimer Andrew
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate, P(O3), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigation strategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties in P(O3) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts, especially during the summertime when P(O3) is high. One way to test mechanisms is to compare modeled P(O3) to direct measurements. During summer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directly measured net P(O3) in Golden, CO, approximately 25 km west of Denver along the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O3) was compared to rates calculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurements of other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and a more explicit one. Median observed P(O3) was up to a factor of 2 higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO) levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O3) for the rest of the day. While all interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood, simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observed P(O3) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O3) and peroxy radical (HO2 and RO2) discrepancies observed here are similar to those presented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxy radical source from volatile organic compounds co-emitted with NO could be one plausible solution to the P(O3) discrepancy, such a source has not been identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical model–data mismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O3), then these results would imply that P(O3) in Golden, CO, would be NOx-sensitive for more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending the NOx-sensitive P(O3) regime from the afternoon further into the morning. These results could affect ozone reduction strategies for the region surrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply with national ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the development of this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O3), especially under high-NOx regimes.
Surface ozone at Nam Co in the inland Tibetan Plateau: variation, synthesis comparison and regional representativeness
Authors: Yin Xiufeng , Kang Shichang , de Foy Benjamin , Cong Zhiyuan , Luo Jiali , Zhang Lang , Ma Yaoming , Zhang Guoshuai , Rupakheti Dipesh , Zhang Qianggong
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ozone is an important pollutant and greenhouse gas, and tropospheric ozone variations are generally associated with both natural and anthropogenic processes. As one of the most pristine and inaccessible regions in the world, the Tibetan Plateau has been considered as an ideal region for studying processes of the background atmosphere. Due to the vast area of the Tibetan Plateau, sites in the southern, northern and central regions exhibit different patterns of variation in surface ozone. Here, we present continuous measurements of surface ozone mixing ratios at Nam Co Station over a period of  ∼ 5 years (January 2011 to October 2015), which is a background site in the inland Tibetan Plateau. An average surface ozone mixing ratio of 47.6 ± 11.6 ppb (mean ± standard deviation) was recorded, and a large annual cycle was observed with maximum ozone mixing ratios in the spring and minimum ratios during the winter. The diurnal cycle is characterized by a minimum in the early morning and a maximum in the late afternoon. Nam Co Station represents a background region where surface ozone receives negligible local anthropogenic emissions inputs, and the anthropogenic contribution from South Asia in spring and China in summer may affect Nam Co Station occasionally. Surface ozone at Nam Co Station is mainly dominated by natural processes involving photochemical reactions, vertical mixing and downward transport of stratospheric air mass. Model results indicate that the study site is affected differently by the surrounding areas in different seasons: air masses from the southern Tibetan Plateau contribute to the high ozone levels in the spring, and enhanced ozone levels in the summer are associated with air masses from the northern Tibetan Plateau. By comparing measurements at Nam Co Station with those from other sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we aim to expand the understanding of ozone cycles and transport processes over the Tibetan Plateau. This work may provide a reference for future model simulations.
Ubiquitous Influence of Wildfire Emissions and Secondary Organic Aerosol on Summertime Atmospheric Aerosol in the Forested Great Lakes Region
Authors: Gunsch Matthew J. , May Nathaniel W. , Wen Miao , Bottenus Courtney L. H. , Gardner Daniel J. , VanReken Timothy M. , Bertman Steven B. , Hopke Philip K. , Ault Andrew P. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Long-range aerosol transport affects locations hundreds of kilometers from the point of emission, leading to distant particle sources influencing rural environments that have few major local sources. Source apportionment was conducted using real-time aerosol chemistry measurements made in July 2014 at the forested University of Michigan Biological Station near Pellston, Michigan, a site representative of the remote forested Great Lakes region. Size-resolved chemical composition of individual 0.5–2.0 μm particles was measured using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), and non-refractory aerosol mass less than 1 μm (PM1) was measured by a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The field site was also influenced by air masses transporting Canadian wildfire emissions and urban pollution from Milwaukee and Chicago. During wildfire influenced periods, 0.5–2.0 μm particles were primarily aged biomass burning particles (88 % by number). These particles were heavily coated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during transport, with organics (average O/C ratio of 0.8) contributing 89 % of the PM1 mass. During urban-influenced periods, organic carbon, elemental carbon/organic carbon, and aged biomass burning particles were identified, with inorganic secondary species (ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate) contributing 41 % of the PM1 mass, indicative of atmospheric processing. With current models under-predicting organic carbon (OC) in this region and biomass burning being the largest combustion contributor to SOA by mass, these results highlight the importance for regional chemical transport models to accurately predict the impact of long-range transported particles on air quality in the upper Midwest United States, particularly considering increasing intensity and frequency of Canadian wildfires.
Detecting impacts of extreme events with ecological in situ monitoring networks
Authors: Mahecha Miguel D. , Gans Fabian , Sippel Sebastian , Donges Jonathan F. , Kaminski Thomas , Metzger Stefan , Migliavacca Mirco , Papale Dario , Rammig Anja , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Extreme hydrometeorological conditions typically impact ecophysiological processes on land. Satellite-based observations of the terrestrial biosphere provide an important reference for detecting and describing the spatiotemporal development of such events. However, in-depth investigations of ecological processes during extreme events require additional in situ observations. The question is whether the density of existing ecological in situ networks is sufficient for analysing the impact of extreme events, and what are expected event detection rates of ecological in situ networks of a given size. To assess these issues, we build a baseline of extreme reductions in the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), identified by a new event detection method tailored to identify extremes of regional relevance. We then investigate the event detection success rates of hypothetical networks of varying sizes. Our results show that large extremes can be reliably detected with relatively small networks, but also reveal a linear decay of detection probabilities towards smaller extreme events in log–log space. For instance, networks with  ≈  100 randomly placed sites in Europe yield a  ≥  90 % chance of detecting the eight largest (typically very large) extreme events; but only a  ≥  50 % chance of capturing the 39 largest events. These findings are consistent with probability-theoretic considerations, but the slopes of the decay rates deviate due to temporal autocorrelation and the exact implementation of the extreme event detection algorithm. Using the examples of AmeriFlux and NEON, we then investigate to what degree ecological in situ networks can capture extreme events of a given size. Consistent with our theoretical considerations, we find that today's systematically designed networks (i.e. NEON) reliably detect the largest extremes, but that the extreme event detection rates are not higher than would be achieved by randomly designed networks. Spatio-temporal expansions of ecological in situ monitoring networks should carefully consider the size distribution characteristics of extreme events if the aim is also to monitor the impacts of such events in the terrestrial biosphere.
Abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic in a transient Holocene simulation
Authors: Klus Andrea , Prange Matthias , Varma Vidya , Tremblay Louis Bruno , Schulz Michael
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Abrupt cold events have been detected in numerous North Atlantic climate records from the Holocene. Several mechanisms have been discussed as possible triggers for these climate shifts persisting decades to centuries. Here, we describe two cold events that occurred during an orbitally forced transient Holocene simulation using the Community Climate System Model version 3. Both events occurred during the late Holocene (event 1 referring to 4305–4267 BP and event 2 referring to 3046–3018 BP) and were characterized by substantial surface cooling (−2.7 and −2.2 °C, respectively) and freshening (−0.7 and −0.6 PSU, respectively) as well as severe sea ice advance east of Newfoundland and south of Greenland. Sea ice even reached the Iceland Basin in the northeastern Atlantic at the climaxes of the cold events. Convection and deep-water formation in the northwestern Atlantic collapsed during the events, while the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was not significantly affected. The events were triggered by prolonged phases of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation which, through changes in surface winds, caused substantial changes in the sub-polar ocean circulation and associated freshwater transports, resulting in a weakening of the sub-polar gyre. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic region may be triggered by internal climate variability without the need of an external (e.g. solar or volcanic) forcing.
Assessing the impact of large volcanic eruptions of the Last Millennium on Australian rainfall regimes
Authors: Blake Stephanie , Lewis Sophie C. , LeGrande Allegra N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Explosive volcanism is an important natural climate forcing, impacting global surface temperatures and regional precipitation. Although previous studies have investigated aspects of the impact of tropical volcanism on various ocean-atmosphere systems and regional climate regimes, volcanic eruptions remain a poorly understood climate forcing and climatic responses are not well constrained. In this study, volcanic eruptions are explored in particular reference to Australian precipitation, and both the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using nine realisations of the Last Millennium (LM) with different time-evolving forcing combinations, from the NASA GISS ModelE2-R, the impact of the 6 largest tropical volcanic eruptions of this period are investigated. Overall, we find that volcanic aerosol forcing increased the likelihood of El Nino and positive IOD conditions for up to four years following an eruption, and resulted in positive precipitation anomalies over northwest (NW) and southeast (SE) Australia. Larger atmospheric sulfate loading coincides with more persistent positive IOD and El Nino conditions, enhanced positive precipitation anomalies over NW Australia, and dampened precipitation anomalies over SE Australia.