bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) for Accessing Bioactive Scaffolds
Authors: Khanna Ashish , Dubey Prashant , Sagar Ram
Published: June 2021

:

A microwave-assisted organic synthesis is an alternative approach towards the traditional
way of heating to obtain desired bioactive scaffolds as a product. This method has
transformed the approaches of organic synthesis, due to shorter reaction time with high product
yields, modifications of selectivity, increased product purities, and simplification of workup
procedures. The microwave-assisted reactions can be performed under solvent-free conditions.
Thus, microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has become the first choice for the
medicinal chemist and chemical biologist to use as a tool to perform organic reactions in drug
discovery and medicinal chemistry. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis specifically results
in the desired products with higher selectivity and purity which may have better pharmacological
properties. In this review article, we covered the literature from 2010-till to date, focusing
on the use of microwave irradiation in performing organic reactions to deliver various bioactive scaffolds.
UPLC-MS/MS Assay for Quantification of Wedelolactone and
Demethylwedelolactone in Rat Plasma and the Application to a Preclinical
Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Xu Zeng-liang , Wang Bao-e , Zhang Lin-tao , Yang Sheng-bao
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objective:

Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone are the two major
coumarin constituents of Herba Ecliptae. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a
sensitive, rapid, and robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of
wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone in rat plasma.

Materials and Methods:

Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone were extracted from rat
plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Electrospray ionization in negative mode and
selected reaction monitoring (SRM) were used for wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone at
the transitions m/z 312.8→298.0 and m/z 299.1→270.6, respectively. Chromatographic separation
was conducted on a Venusil C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution of
acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water (55:45, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A linear range was
observed over the concentration range of 0.25–100 ng/mL for wedelolactone and
demethylwedelolactone.

Results:

They reached their maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax, 74.9±13.4 ng/mL for
wedelolactone and 41.3±9.57 ng/mL for demethylwedelolactone) at the peak time (Tmax) of 0.633 h
and 0.800 h, respectively. The AUC0-t value of wedelolactone (260.8±141.8 ng h/mL) was higher
than that of demethylwedelolactone (127.4±52.7 ng h/mL) by approximately 2-fold, whereas the
terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of wedelolactone (2.20±0.59 h) showed the approximately same
as that of demethylwedelolactone (2.08±0.69 h).

Conclusion :

Based on full validation according to US FDA guidelines, this UPLC-MS/MS method
was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Canopy Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulator 2 (CNPY2) Inhibits Neuron Apoptosis in Parkinson’s Disease via the AKT/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Chu Miao , Liu Huimiao , Xiong Zhaohui , Ju Chaojuan , Zhao Lina , Li Kangning , Tian Shiqi , Gu Ping
Published: June 2021

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Canopy fibroblast growth factor signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2)
is down-regulated in this disease, but its functions are unknown.

Objective:

This study investigates the effects and regulation of CNPY2 in the apoptosis of neurons
in PD.

Methods:

We established a PD model in vivo by a five consecutive days-injection of 1-methyl-4-
phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mice. In vitro, the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma
cells, after differentiation, were treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+) for modeling.
The cells were transfected with a recombinant vector overexpressing CNPY2 followed by
MPP+ treatment. Expression of CNPY2 and proteins related to apoptosis was detected by real-time
PCR, western blot, or immunofluorescence staining. The ROS level and mitochondrial membrane
potential were determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT
assay and TUNEL staining.

Results:

CNPY2 level was down-regulated both in the brain and retina of PD mice and also inhibited
in neurons by MPP+ in vitro. Overexpression of CNPY2 repressed the level of Bax and cleaved
caspase-3, enhanced Bcl-2 level, and promoted neurite length under MPP+ treatment. CNPY2 overexpression
reduced the accumulation of ROS and mitochondria dysfunction in neurons. The AKT/
GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by overexpressed CNPY2 to inhibit MPP+-induced neuronal
apoptosis, which was confirmed using an AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl.

Conclusion:

CNPY2 alleviates oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and apoptosis of neurons
induced by MPP+ by activating the AKT/ GSK3β signaling pathway.
Prospecting the Intricate Role of Novel and Potent Biomarkers in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Sood Ankita , Lang Damanpreet Kaur , Goyal Ravi , Saini Balraj
Published: June 2021

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder leading to cognitive impairment and has
higher rates of morbidity and mortality. There is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying
the onset and progression of the disease as the clinical presentation may vary in patients and inadequate
knowledge of neurochemical alterations can lead to decreased efficacy in treatment which
makes it necessary to identify new potent biomarkers. Identification of biomarkers in schizophrenia
offers significant benefits to the well-being of patients, including better prognosis, diagnosis,
detection, screening, enhancement in treatment efficacy, prevention of relapse, and better clinical
results. Incorporation of advanced technological techniques is necessary to provide an approach for
the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders and to permit specific therapeutic interventions.
This review highlights the particulars about the current use and application of various biomarkers
such as proteomics, miRNAs, language techniques, antibodies, blood biomarkers, gut microbiota,
such as analysis, neuroimaging techniques, and inflammatory biomarkers in effective
prognosis, detection, and treatment of schizophrenia and which would contribute as an additional
tool for a psychiatrist in cases where an appropriate diagnosis is lacking clarity.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of
1,2,4-triazolyl-isoxazole Moieties via Dehydration Reactions of Carbohydrazides
Authors: Alshamari Asma K. , Al-Qudah Mahmoud A. , Hamadeh Fedaa , Al-Momani Lo’ay A. , Abu-Orabi Sultan T.
Published: June 2021

For the reason of distinct place in the field of medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry of
1,2,4-triazole derivatives, a new class of fused 1,2,4-triazolyl-isoxazole moieties was prepared from 3-
(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazolo-4,5-bis[carbonyl-(4̍-phenyl) thiosemicarbazide via dehydration reactions
of carbohydrazides by using the appropriate chemical reagents. The structures of the compounds
were elucidated by both elemental and spectral (IR, NMR and MS) analyses. The in vitro antioxidant
activity of the new compounds was determined by free radical scavenging and metal chelating
activity. All the synthesized compounds showed good activity according to free radical scavenging and
metal chelating activity compared with standards. The new compounds were screened in vitro antibacterial
activity against three gram-positive bacteria and three gram-negative bacteria.
Identification of Malnutrition upon Hospital Admission Using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria
Authors: Karavetian Mirey , Hashim Mona S. , Ayesh Wafa , Ismail Leila C. , El Khoury Cosette F.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition are still not uniform, and different
tools have been proposed. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a newly
developed consensus diagnostic criteria tool.

Objective:

This study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition using the GLIM diagnostic
criteria upon admission to the hospital in the United Arab Emirates and evaluate the role muscle
strength can play in the accuracy of this diagnosis.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out in two hospitals (Rashid Hospital,
Dubai, and Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah) in the United Arab Emirates. Low body mass index or significant
weight loss were used as phenotypic criteria; reduced food intake or the presence of disease
were used as etiological criteria. Muscle strength was measured using a handgrip strength
dynamometer as a supportive measure.

Results:

A total of 371 patients were recruited, of which a total of 103 patients (27.76%) were
diagnosed with malnutrition according to GLIM. The prevalence of low muscle strength was seen
in 60.47% of females (≤ 16.0 kg) and 61.82% males (≤ 27 kg). A total of 209 patients (58.22%)
were diagnosed with malnutrition, accounting for low muscle strength as a proxy for muscle mass
under the phenotypic criteria.

Conclusion:

The study opens a direction for future research to evaluate the feasibility and practicality
of the proposed GLIM criteria. It also opens a path for the validation of muscle strength and relevant
cut-off points across ages, genders, and ethnicities as a diagnostic criterion for malnutrition.
Project-Based Learning for the Design of Progressive Dies Supporting Tools
Authors: Hakim Rahman , Widiastuti Hanifah , Wijayanti Ita , Muvariz Mufti Fathonah , Silaban Andre Kevil
Published: June 2021

In the oil and gas industry, manufacturing processes covered a variety of fields including pipe fittings production. Generally, this process involves a press machine utilized as a shape forming using punch-dies sets as mold profiles. The common problem found with the dies is the dimension of dies is not ergonomics to be handled manually by operators. Additionally, the support of dies tends to experience buckling upon receiving a pressure load of 15 MPa. Hence, alternative and practical designs are required, which have low deflection values and high fatigue resistance rates. Additionally, the designs are expected to be safe and economical. In this study, two alternative designs of punch-dies support are proposed. Subsequently, the FEA simulation was carried out for pipe fittings of 8 inches with ASME B16.9 standard size for WF Beam A36 Steel to compare the two proposed designs. The results show that alternative design 2 has a lower deflection value of 0.181 mm, a higher Factor of Safety of 3.21, and a higher cycle time of 358569 cycles than alternative design 1. Nevertheless, alternative design 2 has a higher production cost of 220 USD compared to alternative design 2. Therefore, this study shows that alternative design 2 has better performance while alternative design 1 is more economical.
Perancangan CNC Plasma Cutting Menggunakan Software Autodesk Inventor 2015
Authors: Irfan Saiful , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the frame safety factor and the precision level of CNC plasma cutting results. The research method used is a research and development model, namely the French model. This model has 8 steps that are used to produce a CNC plasma cut design. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis techniques derived from the results of tests conducted. Safety factor testing was conducted using the 2015 Autodesk Inventor software with a frame of 110.54 N. The precision cutting results were carried out three times using the same instrument, 20 currents with a speed of 400 mm/min, against ST 37 material with a thickness of 1.3 mm. The results showed that the frame was categorized as safe because the minimum safety factor value was 4.23 ul and the cut test results showed an average measurement with a maximum deviation of 0.3 mm, so it could be concluded that plasma CNC cutting had tolerance. rate of ± 0.3 mm.
Karakterisasi Biogas Hasil Pemurnian dengan Down-Up Purifier Termodifikasi
Authors: Ritonga Abdul Mukhlis , Masrukhi Masrukhi , Safi’i Azis Imam
Published: June 2021

Biogas is a combustible gas produced from the fermentation process of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria. Biogas can be made by using a digester. A digester is a place where the process of decomposing organic matter by bacteria. The result of biogas still contains impurity gases, so that the quality of biogas is not good. Therefore, efforts to filter the gas are necessary. The purifier is a device to filter a gas. The use of purifiers in a series of digester installations aims to filter out unnecessary gases. The purpose of this research is to design a down-up purifier type biogas purification plant, to determine the changes in substrate characteristics during fermentation and conduct a gas quality test after purification. The results showed that the biogas installation type down-up purifier was designed and assembled using 150 liter drums for gas digesters and reservoirs, 1/2 inch hoses for connecting, 2 purifiers for purification and activated charcoal adsorbents. The C/N ratio is 36.37, an average substrate temperature of 28.62oC and an average pH of 5.9. Initial and final Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) values are 960.12 mg/l and 9.312.53 mg/l. The initial and final Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values are 313,500.00 mg/l and 29,100.00 mg/l. Then Total Solid (TS) decreased by 1.45% and Volatile Solid (VS) increased by 0.21%. The use of activated charcoal adsorbents in the two purifiers can reduce CO2 gas content by 83.79% in biogas with the most optimal purification time of 60 minutes.
Turbin Hibrid Bi-Directional Sebagai Pemanen Energi pada Thermoacoustic Engine
Authors: Winarto Eko Wismo , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Siswantoro Soeadgihardo , Djati Isworo
Published: June 2021

Bi-directional turbines that are commonly applied to convert wave energy into motion energy are the types of Impulse turbines and Wells turbines. Both types of turbines each have advantages and disadvantages. In this research, hybrid turbine type is designed and made to bridge the weaknesses in impulse turbine and turbine wells. Hybrid turbines are made by placing impulse turbines on the outside while turbine wells placed on the inside. In this research, the variation of hybrid bi-directional turbine design aims to find out the most optimal design of this turbine type. Six variations were carried out including a hub to tip ratio of 0.5 with 4 and 5 Wells blades, a hub to tip ratio of 0.6 with 4 and 5 Wells blades, and a hub to tip ratio of 0.7 with 4 and 5 Wells blades. From the test results on thermoacoustic engine media, based on the hub to tip ratio, the most optimal hub to tip ratio is in the order of 0.7 then 0.6, and 0.5. Whereas based on the number of Wells blade, obtained the number of Wells blade 5 is more optimal than the number of Wells blade 4.
Efek Profil Sudu Turbin Banki terhadap Kekuatan Bahan dan Lintasan Air dalam Runner
Authors: Sirojuddin Sirojuddin , Ibnawati Regina , Syahri Junior Ramadhani
Published: June 2021

In the Banki turbine, the blade profile needs special attention in its design, so that the high output power can be reached. The design of the blade profile is controlled by the strength of the material and water trajectory from the first and second stages of blades to refrain the water strikes the shaft of the turbine. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the blade profile on the strength of the material and the trajectory of water in the runner to obtain the best blade profile. The strength limit of the material observed from the value of the safety factor and the flow trajectory could be seen from the flow line of water which should not strike the shaft. The number and width of the blades were obtained based on the water discharge of 2 m2/min with a head equal to 5.5 m. 2D and 3D drawings were created using drawing software. Analysis of water trajectories using CFD simulation and stress analysis using FEM software. They were 3 variants of blade profile, variant PS-1 tapered in at top and bottom, PS-2 tapered at top and square in bottom, PS-3 at the bottom with the radius equal to 10 mm while the tip radius is 0.2 mm, and round tip at the top. From simulation results, it was found that the safety factor is 5.36, 4.31, 3.28, for the PS-1, PS-2, PS-3 respectively. From CFD simulation it is proved that PS-3 flow trajectory did not strike the shaft, while the others still strike the shaft and did not meet the safety factor of 3. The variant PS-3 was the best because the safety factor close to 3 and the flow trajectory did not strike the shaft.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Personal Protective Behaviors and the Interventions Made in Fighting Against COVID-19 Through the View of a University Staff
Authors: Arıkan İnci , Kılıç Demir Barış
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the application status of Personal Protective Behaviors (PPB) in the fight against COVID-19 among the employees of an institution and the interventions that may be effective for maintaining PPB.

Materials and Methods. In this descriptive study, the interviews were made with each participant to answer the structured questions. In the interviews, we questioned whether PPB were applied correctly and which interventions could be effective in maintaining PPB.

Results. PPB were correctly applied by more than half of 101 people who participated in the study. When considering the distribution of responses to which interventions to maintain PPB were effective, the first three places were arranged as follows: education, coercion-punishment and treatment/death of a relative due to COVID-19. The face mask use and compliance with social distancing were found to be the most important and applied PPB.

Conclusions. The participants stated that health education models should be used at the beginning of different intervention types and supported with fines and restrictions, if necessary. In addition, the positive detection of COVID-19 in the close environment and the experience of the treatment process were found to be effective in taking precautions.
Examination of Affiliate Stigma, Hopelessness and Life Satisfaction in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilty
Authors: Kasımoglu Necla , Arıkan Duygu
Published: June 2021

Introduction. While expecting a healthy child, having a child with a disability can be quite traumatic for all family members, especially parents.

The objective of the research was to evaluate affiliate stigma, hopelessness, and life satisfaction in parents of children with intellectual disability.

Materials and Methods. The descriptive research included 203 parents of children with intellectual disabilities, who met the research inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.

Results. The mean age of parents included in the study was 40.74 ± 7.22 years, with 67.5% of caregiving mothers. The levels of affiliate stigma and hopelessness among parents were low, and they were satisfied with their lives. In case of increasing parental affiliate stigma, their hopelessness was found to increase, while life satisfaction was found to decrease.

Conclusions. In order to increase public acceptance of people with disabilities by society, it is recommended to provide trainings and raise awareness against individuals with disabilities and their families.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Uncommon Acute Post-Caesarean Section Complications
Authors: Dar Musaib Ahmad , Rafiq Suhail , Posh Sheema , Wagay Imran
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The most common major abdominal surgery in women is caesarean section. Despite being a safe procedure, a variety of complications, both acute and chronic, can occur. About 14.5% of caesarean sections result in complications. Infection followed by postpartum haemorrhage is the most frequent complication. Imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and multidetector computed tomography are often used in the evaluation of suspected uncommon post-caesarean complications. Computed tomography has been found to be a good initial modality for assessing acute postoperative complications after caesarean delivery.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the imaging findings and the characteristic visual manifestations of atypical acute complications of caesarean section, other than common complications such as postpartum haemorrhage, wound infection, etc.

Materials and Methods. This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Srinagar from June 2019 to February 2020 in collaboration with the Department of General Surgery and Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. All patients with suspected complication in the immediate post-caesarean period were evaluated with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography.

Results. Out of 427 patients who underwent caesarean section, 25 patients were suspected of having uncommon acute complications. Out of 25 patients evaluated for suspected immediate post-caesarean complication, only 5 patients had bladder flap hematoma, 8 patients were diagnosed with uterine dehiscence, 6 patients had uterine rupture, 3 patients suffered from ureteral injury, 1 patient had gossypiboma, 2 patients developed pelvic sepsis.

Conclusions. Multidetector computed tomography plays an important role in detection and confirmation of multiple acute complications after caesarean delivery and can also help in guiding the management of complications as well.
Threat of ISIS-Affiliated Foreign Terrorist Fighters Towards Canadian National Security
Authors: Bajwa Aman
Published: June 2021

Since the loss of approximately 98% of their territory, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has become a shadow of its former self. Foreign recruits must now decide whether to leave the region and return home or stay and possibly continue the fight. Those that return constitute a threat to their home environments because of their maintained allegiances to ISIS, state of radicalization, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and improved lethality, and operational effectiveness in conducting acts of domestic terrorism. As a result, this article calls for the development and application of a prosecutorial-reintegrative model that is based off prior research on Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The model should also be informed by up-to-date research in the field of deradicalization and disengagement and should consider the different classes of FTFs. Following an understanding of the qualitative differences of ISIS FTFs compared to past foreign fighters, the article concludes that directed counter violent extremist messaging and components of Saudi Arabia’s successful Prevention, Rehabilitation, and After Care (PRAC) program must be factored into any framework for rehabilitation and reintegration while Criminal Code and Anti-Terrorism Act provisions, complemented by evidence gathering strategies, are primarily used to hold FTFs accountable for serious offences.
Radicalization and Violent Extremism in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Davies Garth
Published: June 2021

On January 21, 2021, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its first digital roundtable event of the year, Radicalization and Violent Extremism in the Era of COVID-19. The presentation was conducted by guest speaker, Dr. Garth Davies, an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University. He is also currently involved in developing data for evaluating programs for countering violent extremism. Dr. Davies’ presentation provided an overview of the changes that society has had to make in adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic and shared some of his research findings on radicalization and violent extremism online during the pandemic. The increase in working remotely and being on the Internet has possibly contributed to a larger dissemination of misinformation leading people to certain extremist sites and forums that may contribute to radicalization. Additionally, Dr. Davies answered questions submitted by the audience, which focused on online radicalization, online platforms used for recruiting by extremist groups, misinformation, and the Incel movement.
Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP)
Authors: Makosso Amanda , Collinet Auréole
Published: June 2021

The emergence of the Islamic State’s new affiliate—Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP)—in Sub-Saharan Africa, has a devastating effect on the security and political landscape of an already fragile and unstable region. Based mainly on open sources, including think tanks, journals, U.N. reports, and news media, this paper attempts to understand the motivations and operations of the Islamic State fighters of this province and the dangers ISCAP presents to local and international actors.
A world without digital inclusivity
Authors: Tiku Neor
Published: June 2021

On April 23, 2021, Neor Tiku presented A world without digital inclusivity: What it means to securitize technology at the 2021 CASIS Generation Z Congress. This presentation was followed by a group panel question and answer session, whereby congress attendees were provided with an opportunity to engage in discussion with Mr. Tiku. Primary discussion topics included understanding the digital divide in Canada and possible measures to close this gap, inclusive of Canadian approaches taken to potentially close this gap in access.
What Does Safety Look Like for Young Women on the Internet?
Authors: Bynoe Chloe
Published: June 2021

On April 23, 2021, Chloe Bynoe presented What Does Safety Look Like for Young Women on the Internet? at the 2021 CASIS Generation Z Congress. This presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers, whereby congress attendees were provided with an opportunity to engage in discussion with Ms. Bynoe. Primary discussion topics included online safety and security with regard to minors and online activism combating toxic culture such as misogyny.
Arts Education
Authors: Lee Acham Chen Erita
Published: June 2021

On April 23, 2021, Erita Lee Acham Chen presented Arts Education: An Unexpected Tool in the Quest for a Safer World at the 2021 CASIS Generation Z Congress. The presentation was followed by a moderated question and answer period. Key points of discussion included the current situation for township youths in South Africa, how performing arts non-governmental organizations (NGO) have provided vulnerable youths with a safe place, and how the skills learned in these programs have had a positive impact on their lives.
Ishod duboke moždane stimulacije kod Parkinsonove bolesti u pacijentice starije životne dobi – prikaz slučaja
Authors: Hero Mario , Vuletić Vladimira
Published: June 2021

Cilj: Prikazati ishod duboke moždane stimulacije (engl. Deep brain stimulation, DBS), tijekom vremenskog razdoblja od 2,5 godine, u sedamdeset osmogodišnje pacijentice koja boluje od Parkinsonove bolesti (PB) rezistentne na lijekove. Prikaz slučaja: Prikazujemo slučaj pacijentice u dobi od 74 godine koja je bila zainteresirana za DBS zbog PB-a rezistentnog na lijekove. Bolest se manifestirala u obliku tremora lijeve ruke i noge te je uvelike narušavala njezinu kvalitetu života. U dobi od 75 godina ugrađen joj je DBS u suptalamičke jezgre (engl. subthalamic nucleus, STN) obostrano. Na prvom poslijeoperacijskom kontrolnom pregledu ustanovljeno je da nakon stimulacije gotovo nije bilo tremora i govor je bio uredan. Stimulacije elektroda bile su postavljene desno (D 0- 2.1 V 90 μs 130 Hz) i lijevo (L 8- 0.8 V 90 μs 130 Hz). Tijekom 2,5 godine pacijentica je redovito kontrolirana i stimulacija elektroda bila je izmijenjena u dva navrata. Na zadnjem kontrolnom pregledu navela je da je nesmetano obavljala svakodnevne aktivnosti te se čak i bavila pletenjem, što prije nije mogla. Također, pacijentica je bila dobro kognitivno očuvana. Razina stimulacije elektroda iznosila je desno – D 0- 2.4 V 90 μs 130 Hz i lijevo – L 8- 1.0 V 90 μs 130 Hz. Zaključak: Kod pažljivo odabranih kandidata, koji duže godina boluju od PB-a rezistentnog na medikamentoznu terapiju, dob iznad 70 godina ne bi trebala predstavljati kontraindikaciju za DBS STN. Prikazani slučaj pokazuje da DBS STN može biti koristan u smanjenju simptoma i time značajno poboljšati kvalitetu života takvih pacijenata.
Сдвиги частоты магнитного резонанса атомов Na при столкновении в смеси атомов калия и натрия
Authors: Картошкин В.А.
Published: June 2021

Рассмотрены столкновения между атомами натрия и калия в условиях оптической ориентации атомов калия. В результате столкновений происходит спиновый обмен между сталкивающимися атомами, что приводит к сдвигу частоты магнитного резонанса атомов. Проведенные расчеты показали, что сдвиг частоты магнитного резонанса атомов Na в верхнем сверхтонком состоянии ( F=2) при росте температуры в камере поглощения от 300 до 500 K меняет знак с отрицательного на положительный и проходит через нуль в окрестностях температуры T~450 K, в то время как сдвиг частоты нижнего сверхтонкого состояния ( F=1) остается отрицательным во всем диапазоне исследуемых температур. Подобного рода явление обнаружено впервые для случая, когда основной вклад в величину сдвига частоты магнитного резонанса вносит спиновый обмен. Ключевые слова: спиновый обмен, поперечные сечения, сдвиги частоты магнитного резонанса.
Моноокись кремния, карбонизированная фторуглеродом, как композитный материал для анодов литий-ионных аккумуляторов
Authors: Ложкина Д.А. , Астрова Е.В. , Лихачев А.И. , Парфеньева А.В. , Румянцев А.М. , Смирнов А.Н. , Улин В.П.
Published: June 2021

Dispersed composite materials based on silicon monoxide and carbon (SiO/C) were obtained as a result of heat treatment of a powder mixture consisting of 40 wt% SiO and 60 wt% CF0.8. Annealing was carried out in an argon atmosphere at temperatures 1000 − 1250°C. Using electron microscopy and Raman scattering, it was found that at Т>=1100°C, silicon carbide appears in the solid-phase product, including in the form of cubic nanowhiskers. Based on the data on the weight loss of the reaction mixture, the composition of the resulting products was calculated as a function of the annealing temperature. Anodes made of composites obtained at temperatures above 1100°C demonstrate a sharp drop in capacitance and Columbic efficiency. It is shown that the observed changes are caused not so much by the formation of SiC as by an increase in the oxygen content in the matrix surrounding the silicon precipitates, which were formed as a result of disproportionation of SiO. It was found that the optimal annealing temperature, which provides the highest values of capacity, the initial coulombic efficiency and the ability to operate at high speed current densities is Т =1150°С.
Влияние кислорода и паров воды на электрические свойства наногранулированных композитов (Co-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-B-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-100-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ситников А.В. , Бабкина И.В. , Калинин Ю.Е. , Никонов А.Е. , Копытин М.Н. , Шакуров А.Р. , Рыльков В.В.
Published: June 2021

Influence of oxygen and water vapor in the chamber during the deposition of thin-film nanocomposites (Co40Fe40B20)x(LiNbO3)100-x on the electrical properties of the heterogeneous system has been studied. A significant increase in the resistivity of (Co40Fe40B20)x(LiNbO3)100-x nanocomposites with an increase in the partial pressure of reactive gases (oxygen and water vapor) has been established. A significant shift of the percolation threshold towards higher metal phase concentration in the film plane and perpendicular to the film was found during the synthesis of composites with the addition of reactive gases, which is associated with an increase in the volume concentration of the dielectric phase. It is revealed that the percolation threshold when measured in the geometry perpendicular to the plane of the film corresponds to a significantly lower concentration of atoms of the Co40Fe40B20 alloy than in the case of measurements in the plane of the film, which is associated with the elongated shape of the metallic granules in the direction of film growth and the effects of Coulomb blockade suppression by a high transverse electric field.
Исследование концентраторных фотоэлектрических модулей с каскадными солнечными элементами
Authors: Ионова Е.А. , Давидюк Н.Ю. , Садчиков Н.А. , Андреева А.В.
Published: June 2021

To study concentrator photovoltaic modules with GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells we used the measurement capabilities of a solar simulator accompanied by a computer simulation. The comparison of values of parameters for a module, Fresnel lens and triple-junction solar cell, obtained both experimentally and computed by means of the computer simulation, demonstrated good matching of results and high precision of calculations using the software. This allows to use both methods simultaneously to explain processes of radiation conversion in the system concentrator–solar cell and predict the values of module parameters under various external focusing conditions. The utilization of both methods revealed the impact of lateral currents on the total photo current of solar cells inside a module. For the system Fresnel lens–multi-junction solar cell we determined the possible cases of power loses associated with internal resistance of the cells. Output parameters of the module under varying spectrum of incoming radiation has been calculated using software.
Структурная характеризация короткопериодной сверхрешетки на основе гетероструктуры CdF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/CaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Si(111) методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и рентгеновской дифрактометрии
Authors: Сорокин Л.М. , Кютт Р.Н. , Ратников В.В. , Калмыков А.Е.
Published: June 2021

A detailed study of the structure of a short-period superlattice based on alternating layers of cadmium and calcium fluorides, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a Si (111) substrate, by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, has been carried out. It was found that the superlattice is in a pseudomorphic state, and a lateral inhomogeneity with a fragment size of 10 - 40 nm was found. The reason for the broadening of the main and satellite peaks of the SL on the (111) diffraction curve has been clarified.
Влияние ионного облучения на морфологию, элементный и химический состав поверхностных слоев безвольфрамовых твердых сплавов
Authors: Бадамшин А.М. , Несов С.Н. , Ковивчак В.С. , Поворознюк С.Н. , Акимов В.В.
Published: June 2021

The effect of ion beams with different intensity and duration on the change in the elemental composition and chemical state of the tungsten-free hard alloy (50% TiC - 50% TiNi) surface layers has been investigated. The analysis of the morphology and composition of the hard alloy surface layers after both exposure to continuous and powerful ion beams was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that irradiation with a continuous ion beam causes additional oxidation of the hard alloy surface. It was found that the impact of the powerful ion beam leads to a decrease in metal oxides amount and the formation of titanium carbides in the intermetallic binder phase (TiNi) of the hard alloy.
Прототип протонного ондуляторного линейного ускорителя
Authors: Куцаев С.В. , Аврелин Н.В. , Аврелин А.Н. , Agustsson R. , Edelen J. , Mypox A. , Смирнов А.Ю.
Published: June 2021

One of the ways to realize undulator acceleration is to ensure particles motion in a magnetostatic undulator, where spatial oscillations of particles in the transverse direction are synchronized with temporal oscillations of transverse high-frequency field, which allows its energy transfer to the accelerated particles. The resonators, tcapable to provide a uniform transverse field, are structurally simpler than resonators with a periodically variable longitudinal field, which makes undulator accelerators an attractive alternative to coventional accelerators.Although the physics of such accelerators was previously descussed in the literature, the task of creating a physical prototype of undulator linac is still not realized. In this paper, we privde a practical description of the project of a proton undulator linear accelerator based on based on this principle, developed by RadiaBeam (USA).
Digital Health Interventions in Physiotherapy: Development of Client and Health Care Provider Survey Instruments
Authors: Merolli Mark , Hinman Rana S , Lawford Belinda J , Choo Dawn , Gray Kathleen
Published: June 2021

Background

The advancement of digital health has widened the scope of technology use across multiple frontiers of health care services, including personalized therapeutics, mobile health, eHealth record management, and telehealth consultations. The World Health Organization (WHO) responded to this in 2018 by publishing an inaugural broad classification framework of digital health interventions (DHIs) used to address contemporary health system needs.

Objective

This study aims to describe the systematic development of dual survey instruments (clinician and patient) to support data collection, administered in a physiotherapy setting, about perceptions toward DHIs. This is achieved by adapting the WHO framework classification for DHIs for application in real-world research.

Methods

Using a qualitative item review approach, WHO DHI descriptors were adapted and refined systematically to be used in a survey form. This approach was designed to align with the processes of delivering and receiving care in clinical practice, using musculoskeletal physiotherapy as a practical case scenario.

Results

Complementary survey instruments (for health care providers and clients) were developed by adapting descriptor items. These instruments will be used in a larger study exploring the willingness of physiotherapists and patients to use digital technologies in the management of musculoskeletal conditions.

Conclusions

This study builds on the WHO-standardized DHI framework. We developed dual novel survey instruments by adapting and refining the functions of DHIs. These may be deployed to explore the perceived usefulness and application of DHIs for different clinical care functions. Researchers may wish to use these survey instruments to examine digital health use systematically in a variety of clinical fields or technology scenarios in a way that is standardized and generalizable.
Implementation of Telemental Health Services Before COVID-19: Rapid Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Barnett Phoebe , Goulding Lucy , Casetta Cecilia , Jordan Harriet , Sheridan-Rains Luke , Steare Thomas , Williams Julie , Wood Lisa , Gaughran Fiona , Johnson Sonia
Published: June 2021

Background

Telemental health care has been rapidly adopted for maintaining services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a substantial interest is now being devoted in its future role. Service planning and policy making for recovery from the pandemic and beyond should draw on both COVID-19 experiences and the substantial research evidence accumulated before this pandemic.

Objective

We aim to conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews available on the literature and evidence-based guidance on telemental health, including both qualitative and quantitative literature.

Methods

Three databases were searched between January 2010 and August 2020 for systematic reviews meeting the predefined criteria. The retrieved reviews were independently screened, and those meeting the inclusion criteria were synthesized and assessed for risk of bias. Narrative synthesis was used to report these findings.

Results

In total, 19 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. A total of 15 reviews examined clinical effectiveness, 8 reported on the aspects of telemental health implementation, 10 reported on acceptability to service users and clinicians, 2 reported on cost-effectiveness, and 1 reported on guidance. Most reviews were assessed to be of low quality. The findings suggested that video-based communication could be as effective and acceptable as face-to-face formats, at least in the short term. Evidence on the extent of digital exclusion and how it can be overcome and that on some significant contexts, such as children and young people’s services and inpatient settings, was found to be lacking.

Conclusions

This umbrella review suggests that telemental health has the potential to be an effective and acceptable form of service delivery. However, we found limited evidence on the impact of its large-scale implementation across catchment areas. Combining previous evidence and COVID-19 experiences may allow realistic planning for the future implementation of telemental health.
Adapting Medical Education Initiatives Through Team-Based e-Learning, Telemedicine Objective Structured Clinical Exams, and Student-Led Community Outreach During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miao Julia H
Published: June 2021

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has quickly prompted medical schools and students around the world to transition from their traditional classrooms to web-based learning, the global crisis has inspired the development of innovative e-learning solutions that use existing technology and other web-based tools to continue nurturing the education of medical students while ensuring the public health and safety of both students and faculty members alike. Through the perspective of medical students, we share how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and transformed small team–based learning in medical education; changed objective structured clinical exam evaluations and the practice of clinical skills through telemedicine; and nurtured nationwide, web-based, student-led initiatives for community outreach, telehealth, and medical services.
Factors That Influence the Use of Electronic Diaries in Health Care: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Daniëls Naomi E M , Hochstenbach Laura M J , van Zelst Catherine , van Bokhoven Marloes A , Delespaul Philippe A E G , Beurskens Anna J H M
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

A large number of people suffer from psychosocial or physical problems. Adequate strategies to alleviate needs are scarce or lacking. Symptom variation can offer insights into personal profiles of coping and resilience (detailed functional analyses). Hence, diaries are used to report mood and behavior occurring in daily life. To reduce inaccuracies, biases, and noncompliance with paper diaries, a shift to electronic diaries has occurred. Although these diaries are increasingly used in health care, information is lacking about what determines their use.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to map the existing empirical knowledge and gaps concerning factors that influence the use of electronic diaries, defined as repeated recording of psychosocial or physical data lasting at least one week using a smartphone or a computer, in health care.

METHODS

A scoping review of the literature published between January 2000 and December 2018 was conducted using queries in PubMed and PsycInfo databases. English or Dutch publications based on empirical data about factors that influence the use of electronic diaries for psychosocial or physical purposes in health care were included. Both databases were screened, and findings were summarized using a directed content analysis organized by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

RESULTS

Out of 3170 articles, 22 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis. Eleven themes were determined in the CFIR categories of intervention, user characteristics, and process. No information was found for the CFIR categories inner (eg, organizational resources, innovation climate) and outer (eg, external policies and incentives, pressure from competitors) settings. Reminders, attractive designs, tailored and clear data visualizations (intervention), smartphone experience, and intrinsic motivation to change behavior (user characteristics) could influence the use of electronic diaries. During the implementation process, attention should be paid to both theoretical and practical training.

CONCLUSIONS

Design aspects, user characteristics, and training and instructions determine the use of electronic diaries in health care. It is remarkable that there were no empirical data about factors related to embedding electronic diaries in daily clinical practice. More research is needed to better understand influencing factors for optimal electronic diary use.
Electronic Records With Tablets at the Point of Care in an Internal Medicine Unit: Before-After Time Motion Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pérez-Martí Montserrat , Casadó-Marín Lina , Guillén-Villar Abraham
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

There are many benefits of nursing professionals being able to consult electronic health records (EHRs) at the point of care. It promotes quality and patient security, communication, continuity of care, and time dedicated to records.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether making EHRs available at the point of care with tablets reduces nurses’ time spent on records compared with the current system. The analysis included sociodemographic and qualitative variables, time spent per patient, and work shift. This time difference can be used for direct patient care.

METHODS

A before-after time motion study was carried out in the internal medicine unit. There was a total of 130 observations of 2 hours to 3 hours in duration of complete patient records that were carried out at the beginning of the nurses' work shifts. We calculated the time dedicated to measuring vital signs, patient evaluation, and EHR recording. The main variable was time spent per patient.

RESULTS

The average time spent per patient (total time/patients admitted) was lower with the tablet group (mean 4.22, SD 0.14 minutes) than with the control group (mean 4.66, SD 0.12 minutes); there were statistically significant differences (W=3.20, P=.001) and a low effect (d=.44) between groups. The tablet group saved an average of 0.44 (SD 0.13) minutes per patient. Similar results were obtained for the afternoon shift, which saved an average of 0.60 (SD 0.15) minutes per patient (t34=3.82, P=.01) and high effect (d=.77). However, although there was a mean difference of 0.26 (SD 0.22) minutes per patient for the night shift, this was not statistically significant (t29=1.16, P=.25). The “nonparticipating” average age was higher (49.57, SD 2.92 years) compared with the “afternoon shift participants” and “night shift participants” (P=.007). “Nonparticipants” of the night shift had a worse perception of the project.

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation determined that, with EHRs at the point of care, the time spent for registration by the nursing staff decreases, because of reduced movements and avoiding data transcription. It eliminates unnecessary work that does not add value, and therefore, care is improved. So, we think EHRs at the point of care should be the future or natural method for nursing to undertake. However, variables that could have a negative effect include age, night shift, and nurses’ perceptions. Therefore, it is proposed that training in the different work platforms and the participation of nurses are fundamental axes that any institution should consider before their implementation.