bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafíos territoriales en áreas rurales: desempeño y potencial del cooperativismo oleícola innovador en Andalucía (España) / / / \ \ \ Territorial challenges in rural areas: performance and potential of innovative olive cooperatives in Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez José Domingo , Rodríguez-Cohard Juan Carlos , Garrido-Almonacid Antonio , Gallego-Simón Vicente José
Published: October 2022

Resumen: En la lógica de la especialización regional productiva, el olivar se ha conformado como la principal ocupación del suelo agrícola en Andalucía. En los municipios más rurales, de hecho, las opciones para el mantenimiento de la población están muy condicionadas por la evolución de este sector productivo. Una de las características más interesantes del mismo es el fuerte peso que la economía social tiene en la fase de molturación de la aceituna, de forma que las cooperativas son responsables del setenta por ciento del aceite obtenido. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los procesos de innovación que se están desarrollando en estas empresas aceiteras para hacer frente a los desafíos de la competencia y para operar como palanca de desarrollo rural. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad con responsables de cooperativas se presenta un balance de la situación actual, concluyendo que una profundización, mejora y generalización de las transformaciones que están en marcha pueden ser claves para mejorar la capacidad competitiva de los territorios en los que operan.
 
Palabras clave: aceites de oliva, desarrollo rural, economía social, innovación, globalización.
 
Abstract: In the logic of regional productive specialization, the olive grove has become the main occupation of agricultural land in Andalusia. In the most rural municipalities, in fact, the options for the maintenance of the population are highly conditioned by the evolution of this productive sector. One of the most interesting characteristics of this sector is the strong weight that the social economy has in the olive milling phase, so that the cooperatives are responsible for seventy percent of the oil obtained. The aim of this work is to analyze the innovation processes that are being developed in these olive oil companies to face the challenges of competition and to operate as a lever for rural development. Based on in-depth interviews with cooperative managers, a balance of the current situation is presented, concluding that a deepening, improvement and generalization of the transformations that are underway can be key to improve the competitive capacity of the territories in which they operate.
 
Key words: olive oils, rural development, social economy, innovation, globalization.
Informe editorial, números 9 y 10 (2021-2022)
Authors: Escribano Pizarro Jaime , Vercher Savall Néstor
Published: October 2022

Informe editorial de TERRA: objetivos propuestos; acciones realizadas; resultados obtenidos; próximas actuaciones para la consolidación de la revista; presupuesto 2022 y ejecución 2021; métricas, ránkings y fuentes bibliográficas; análisis de contenidos; y evaluadores externos. Análisis de los Premios de Inicio a la Investigación del IIDL "José María Bernabé": participantes, premiados, premios, tribunales, etc.
Threat of Nuclear Terrorism: The Developing Nuclear Security Regime
Authors: Alkış Muhammed Ali
Published: October 2022

Terrorism has always been a part of human history in various forms. However, it had not been such a clear and present danger until the 9/11 attacks. After the 9/11 attacks, terrorism evolved into a new kind of terrorism only aiming to change a system with sensational attacks that cause so many deaths. Today, it poses a threat in the form of nuclear terrorism. Its potential rate of lethality could not be compared with any other forms of terrorism if terrorists managed to detonate an intact nuclear weapon or an improvised nuclear device. In addition, the psychological effects of sabotaging a nuclear facility or exploding a “dirty bomb” would be much more powerful than any other form of terrorism. In response, states have already started to cooperate through various international responses, collectively known as nuclear security. But, nuclear security is still developing and seems not yet strong enough to effectively cope with the threat of nuclear terrorism. On the other hand, there is the international nuclear nonproliferation regime based on the three pillars of nuclear nonproliferation, the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and nuclear disarmament. However, its scope is limited to address threats stemming from traditional state actors such as nuclear war and proliferation. Nonetheless, this regime still offers a useful base for nuclear security to develop a more effective framework for international responses to the threat of nuclear terrorism. The inspiration and guidance of the international nuclear nonproliferation regime would lead to more effective nuclear security.
Female teachers’ double burden during the pandemic: overcoming challenges and dilemma between career and family
Authors: Febrianto Priyono Tri , Mas'udah Siti , Megasari Lutfi Apreliana
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) challenged educators, especially female teachers, as they shouldered the double burden of being both teachers and spouses. This study articulates the online teaching experiences of Indonesian women that work as elementary school teachers. Moreover, the study explores strategies implemented by these teachers to overcome this career-family dichotomy. Carried out in Indonesia’s East Java province, this descriptive mixed method study surveyed 347 married female teachers, 212 of which have school-aged children. Results showed that home-based online teaching created additional burdens for female teacher and they experienced workload resulting from this dual role, further emphasized by the expectation of domestic duties that are primarily enforced on women. Several strategies, including time management, involving their husbands in domestic chores — that strengthened their social support —, and simultaneously teaching their own children along with their students, were implemented. Therefore, couple’s negotiations regarding role division are needed to achieve gender equality within familial structures.
Entrevista a Daniel Bertaux: “Vim para a sociologia para compreender”
Authors: Azevedo Liliana , Silva Vanessa Carvalho da
Published: October 2022

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Recensão: Além do Cânone. Para Ampliar e Diversificar as Ciências Sociais [Celso Castro (org.), 2022, Rio de Janeiro, FGV Editora, pp. 319]
Authors: Brito João Felipe Pereira
Published: October 2022

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Comparative Analysis of Different Trust Metrics of User-User Trust-Based Recommendation System
Authors: Roy Falguni , Hasan Mahamudul
Published: October 2022

Information overload is the biggest challenge nowadays for any website, especially e-commerce websites. However, this challenge arises for the fast growth of information on the web (WWW) with easy access to the internet. Collaborative filtering based recommender system is the most useful application to solve the information overload problem by filtering relevant information for the users according to their interests. But, the existing system faces some significant limitations such as data sparsity, low accuracy, cold-start, and malicious attacks. To alleviate the mentioned issues, the relationship of trust incorporates in the system where it can be between the users or items, and such system is known as the trust-based recommender system (TBRS). From the user perspective, the motive of the TBRS is to utilize the reliability between the users to generate more accurate and trusted recommendations. However, the study aims to present a comparative analysis of different trust metrics in the context of the type of trust definition of TBRS. Also, the study accomplishes twenty-four trust metrics in terms of the methodology, trust properties \& measurement, validation approaches, and the experimented dataset.
Drosophila mechanical nociceptors preferentially sense localized poking
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wu Meng-Hua , Wang Qi-Xuan , Lin Shao-Zhen , Feng Xi-Qiao , Li Bo , Liang Xin
Published: October 2022

Mechanical nociception is an evolutionarily conserved sensory process required for the survival of living organisms. Previous studies have revealed much about the neural circuits and sensory molecules in mechanical nociception, but the cellular mechanisms adopted by nociceptors in force detection remain elusive. To address this issue, we study the mechanosensation of a fly larval nociceptor (class IV da neurons, c4da) using a customized mechanical device. We find that c4da are sensitive to mN-scale forces and make uniform responses to the forces applied at different dendritic regions. Moreover, c4da showed a greater sensitivity to localized forces, consistent with them being able to detect the poking of sharp objects, such as wasp ovipositor. Further analysis reveals that high morphological complexity, mechanosensitivity to lateral tension and possibly also active signal propagation in dendrites contribute to the sensory features of c4da. In particular, we discover that Piezo and Ppk1/Ppk26, two key mechanosensory molecules, make differential but additive contributions to the mechanosensitivity of c4da. In all, our results provide updates into understanding how c4da process mechanical signals at the cellular level and reveal the contributions of key molecules.
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of shrimp immune cells identifies macrophage-like phagocytes
Authors: Yang Peng , Chen Yaohui , Huang Zhiqi , Xia Huidan , Cheng Ling , Wu Hao , Zhang Yueling , Wang Fan
Published: October 2022

Despite the importance of innate immunity in invertebrates, the diversity and function of innate immune cells in invertebrates are largely unknown. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified prohemocytes, monocytic hemocytes, and granulocytes as the three major cell-types in the white shrimp hemolymph. Our results identified a novel macrophage-like subset called monocytic hemocytes 2 (MH2) defined by the expression of certain marker genes, including Nlrp3 and Casp1. This subtype of shrimp hemocytes is phagocytic and expresses markers that indicate some conservation with mammalian macrophages. Combined, our work resolves the heterogenicity of hemocytes in a very economically important aquatic species and identifies a novel innate immune cell subset that is likely a critical player in the immune responses of shrimp to threatening infectious diseases affecting this industry.
Fat body phospholipid state dictates hunger-driven feeding behavior
Authors: Kelly Kevin P , Alassaf Mroj , Sullivan Camille E , Brent Ava E , Goldberg Zachary H , Poling Michelle E , Dubrulle Julien , Rajan Akhila
Published: October 2022

Diet-induced obesity leads to dysfunctional feeding behavior. However, the precise molecular nodes underlying diet-induced feeding motivation dysregulation are poorly understood. The fruit fly is a simple genetic model system yet displays significant evolutionary conservation to mammalian nutrient sensing and energy balance. Using a longitudinal high-sugar regime in Drosophila, we sought to address how diet-induced changes in adipocyte lipid composition regulate feeding behavior. We observed that subjecting adult Drosophila to a prolonged high-sugar diet degrades the hunger-driven feeding response. Lipidomics analysis reveals that longitudinal exposure to high-sugar diets significantly alters whole-body phospholipid profiles. By performing a systematic genetic screen for phospholipid enzymes in adult fly adipocytes, we identify Pect as a critical regulator of hunger-driven feeding. Pect is a rate-limiting enzyme in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis pathway and the fly ortholog of human PCYT2. We show that disrupting Pect activity only in the Drosophila fat cells causes insulin resistance, dysregulated lipoprotein delivery to the brain, and a loss of hunger-driven feeding. Previously human studies have noted a correlation between PCYT2/Pect levels and clinical obesity. Now, our unbiased studies in Drosophila provide causative evidence for adipocyte Pect function in metabolic homeostasis. Altogether, we have uncovered that PE phospholipid homeostasis regulates hunger response.
Independent regulation of mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells
Authors: Schwartz Aaron ZA , Tsyba Nikita , Abdu Yusuff , Patel Maulik R , Nance Jeremy
Published: October 2022

Mitochondria harbor an independent genome, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which contains essential metabolic genes. Although mtDNA mutations occur at high frequency, they are inherited infrequently, indicating that germline mechanisms limit their accumulation. To determine how germline mtDNA is regulated, we examined the control of mtDNA quantity and quality in C. elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). We show that PGCs combine strategies to generate a low point in mtDNA number by segregating mitochondria into lobe-like protrusions that are cannibalized by adjacent cells, and by concurrently eliminating mitochondria through autophagy, reducing overall mtDNA content twofold. As PGCs exit quiescence and divide, mtDNAs replicate to maintain a set point of ~200 mtDNAs per germline stem cell. Whereas cannibalism and autophagy eliminate mtDNAs stochastically, we show that the kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), operating independently of Parkin and autophagy, preferentially reduces the fraction of mutant mtDNAs. Thus, PGCs employ parallel mechanisms to control both the quantity and quality of the founding population of germline mtDNAs.
Dinámica espacio-temporal de los femi[ni]cidios en León, Guanajuato, 2016-2020
Authors: Vargas Sebastián , Soltero Gonzalo , Cantarero Francisco
Published: October 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis espacio-temporal sobre asesinatos de mujeres en León, Guanajuato. A partir de los crímenes georreferenciados (2016-2020) por María Salguero, se proponen algunas hipótesis estadísticas para estudiar sus posibles patrones espaciales. Con ellas se argumenta que femicidios y feminicidios son perpetrados bajo ciertas condiciones ambientales, como el tipo de lugar y el momento del día. Este fenómeno ocurre casi exclusivamente dentro de la zona urbanizada del municipio, y ha variado en su distribución espacial año con año. Los crímenes han tendido a suceder en zonas con un grado de marginación urbana medio, y en zonas de transición entre grados alto y bajo. Una posible medida para su ocurrencia en la vía pública es atender puntos específicos de la ciudad, pero los cometidos en domicilios presentan una distribución aleatoria, lo que sugiere que cualquiera podría ser escenario de un feminicidio. Concluimos con un conjunto de reflexiones y nuevas hipótesis posibles de estudiar.
El papel del subarriendo en las trayectorias residenciales de la población inmigrante: el caso del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona (España), Orozco-Martínez Carolina , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi ,   Universitat de Barcelona (España), Gil-Alonso Fernando ,   Universitat de Barcelona (España)
Published: October 2022

El subarriendo de habitaciones es una realidad ampliamente extendida en las grandes áreas urbanas; sin embargo, la ausencia de estadísticas al respecto dificulta su análisis. Gran parte de la población inmigrante accede a una vivienda mediante esta modalidad. Por ello, en este estudio se analizan 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas para evaluar el papel del subarriendo en la trayectoria residencial de dicho colectivo en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Los resultados confirman la creciente dificultad que tienen los inmigrantes que han llegado recientemente para avanzar en la escala habitacional y, más concretamente, el protagonismo del subarriendo como recurso residencial precario de dicha población, en particular en las etapas tempranas de inserción residencial, aunque no exclusivamente, pues también se ha detectado la existencia de trayectorias residenciales inversas. Se comprueba también la presencia de submercados de habitaciones a los que se accede de manera exclusiva a través de cadenas migratorias.
Intravenous Labetalol vs Intravenous Clonidine for Attenuation of Haemodynamic Responses during Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Controlled Hypertensive Patients Undergoing General AnaesthesiaA Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Singh Vijay , Laha Baisakhi , Mitra Tapobrata , Bhar Debasish , Pal Rita
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during general anaesthesia are associated with haemodynamic surges which can be detrimental, particularly if there is preexisting hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Intravenous (i.v.) labetalol, a β-adrenergic blocker with additional α1- adrenoceptor blocking activity, and clonidine, a centrally acting α2 agonist, are known to attenuate this haemodynamic response. Aim: To compare the effects of i.v. labetalol and clonidine in attenuating haemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation in controlled hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This single centre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Surgery Operation Theater (OT) of Midnapore Medical College, District Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India, from February 2018 to August 2019. The study included 90 adult patients of either sex, who were randomly allocated to receive either clonidine 1 mcg/kg or labetalol 0.15 mg/kg by intravenous route. After recording baseline parameters, patients were preoxygenated with 100% oxygen for 3 min and the study drug was given 5 min prior to induction. Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and the rate pressure product were recorded prior to induction, at the time of intubation and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation. General anaesthesia maintenance was done in a similar manner in both groups. Two-sample t-test was used to assess significance of difference in means between independent samples. Fisher’s exact test was employed for comparing categorical data. Analysis was two-tailed and p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both the groups were evenly matched at baseline with respect to age and sex as well as standard anthropometric parameters (p-value>0.05). Both drugs were able to attenuate the expected rise in HR following intubation but labetalol was more effective than clonidine throughout the postintubation period. SBP and DBP were comparable between the two groups at baseline but underwent greater attenuation in the labetalol group at intubation and subsequent measurements. The differences were around 10 bpm for HR, 20-30 mmHg for SBP and 10 mmHg for DBP, in favour of labetalol. Adverse events like bradycardia, hypotension, sedation or undesirable ECG changes were not encountered. Conclusion: Intravenous labetalol is more effective than i.v. clonidine in controlling haemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation in controlled hypertensive patients undergoing general anaesthesia without any complications
Аварийный разлив дизельного топлива в Норильске, "Природа"
Authors: Глязнецова Ю.С. , Немировская И.А.
Published: October 2022

В конце мая 2020 г. на ТЭЦ-3 ПАО «ГМК “Норильский никель”» произошел аварийный разлив дизельного топлива. Изучение (29 июля — 13 августа 2020 г.) донных осадков Норило-Пясинской водной системы показало, что загрязнение от этой аварии распространилось по речному стоку на 31 км, но основная его часть не попала ни в оз.Пясино, ни тем более в Карское море. Среднее содержание алифатических углеводородов в осадках ручья Безымянного, рек Далдыкан и Амбарной (в среднем 1457 мкг/г) было в почти в 70 раз выше, чем в оз.Пясино и р.Пясине (в среднем 21 мкг/г). Состав алифатических углеводородов в донных осадках из-за трансформации алканов не соответствовал углеводородному составу дизельного топлива даже в наиболее загрязненных районах. Содержание полициклических ароматических углеводородов также резко уменьшалось по мере удаления от источника загрязнения (от 3865 до 56 нг/г). При этом на долю нафталинов (индикаторов нефтяного происхождения углеводородов) приходилось 46–53%. Однако нафталины доминировали не только в осадках указанных рек, но и в р.Норилке и в устье р.Пясины, что может быть обусловлено и другими источниками загрязнения (эрозией береговых отложений, водным транспортом и др.).
«Отец русской геологии». К 175-летию академика А.П.Карпинского, "Природа"
Authors: Петров О.В. , Толмачёва Т.Ю.
Published: October 2022

Дан краткий обзор жизни и деятельности академика Александра Петровича Карпинского, одного из организаторов и директора Геологического комитета России (1885–1903), первого избранного президента Российской академии наук (1917–1925 гг.), 175-летний юбилей которого отмечается в 2022 г. Карпинский был одной из наиболее ярких личностей своего времени, стоявших у истоков зарождения геологической службы и организации науки в России. Заложенные им принципы и традиции геологического картографирования продолжают свое развитие в преемнике Геологического комитета — Всероссийском научно-исследовательском геологическом институте имени А.П.Карпинского.
Перовскиты и антиперовскиты. Минералогическая сказка, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К.
Published: October 2022

Классическая кристаллохимия описывает соединения на основе катионоцентрированных полиэдров и их комплексов. Однако существует ряд соединений, где в структуре выделяется так называемый «дополнительный» анион, который занимает обособленное положение, т.е. он не связан с высоковалентным катионом и не входит в состав тетраэдров и октаэдров. Часто такие структуры кристаллохимически более выгодно описывать на основе анионоцентрированных полиэдров. Это позволяет лучше объяснить их физические свойства, которые напрямую зависят от распределения химических связей в структуре. Мы уже говорили о соединениях с антитетраэдрами, в центре которых находятся атомы кислорода, а вершины занимают катионы. В данной работе описываются сульфаты, фосфаты и силикаты с октаэдрами, в центре которых находятся анионы Cl, F или О, а в вершинах — катионы. Эти минералы содержат антиперовскитовые фрагменты и условно называются антиперовскитами.
Ювелирные аммониты России: классификация, перспективы добычи, "Природа"
Authors: Петроченков Д.А.
Published: October 2022

Россия располагает значительными ресурсами раковин аммонитов (вымерших головоногих моллюсков) ювелирного качества с высокими декоративными и технологическими характеристиками. В статье обобщен опыт ювелиров и дизайнеров по работе с ювелирным сырьем из аммонитов. Приведена классификация аммонитов ювелирного качества на текстурно-минеральной основе. Предложено рассматривать аммониты в качестве нового, специфического для России вида камнесамоцветного сырья, проводить оценку ресурсов и стимулировать их добычу и обработку
Двадцатилетие Абелевской премии: история успеха, "Природа"
Authors: Демина Н.В.
Published: October 2022

Что делает научную премию достойной наградой Внимательный отбор кандидатов и хорошая экспертиза, когда достойные выбирают достойных. Постоянно ротируемый состав экспертов. Значимая денежная сумма. Церемония, проходящая на самом высшем уровне. Все эти составные элементы есть у Абелевской премии, в этом году отмечающей свое двадцатилетие. Среди ее двадцати пяти лауреатов — лучшие из лучших, в том числе трое наших соотечественников.
Феномен Николая Кольцова, "Природа"
Authors: Васильев А.В.
Published: October 2022

Начало прошлого века в России было богато на выдающихся представителей науки и искусства, и среди них особое место занимает биолог Н.К.Кольцов. Его уникальность в том, что он очертил путь, который вся биологическая наука прошла в последующее столетие. В ее современной междисциплинарности лежат результаты многолетних исследований и поразительная прозорливость Кольцова.
Плодовая мушка — инструмент для поиска механизмов, контролирующих формирование цитоскелета, "Природа"
Authors: Симонова О.Б.
Published: October 2022

Исследования регуляторных факторов и биохимических свойств актинового цитоскелета успешно проводятся на моделях in vitro или с использованием культуры клеток. Однако, как такие факторы функционируют in vivo, создавая невероятное многообразие цитоскелетных структур в процессе развития организма, остается до конца непонятым. Для полного понимания того, как формируются и функционируют цитоскелетные структуры, необходимо, во-первых, выявить полный список факторов, регулирующих сборку структуры, во-вторых, установить пространственно-временной механизм, с помощью которого координируется активность этих факторов, в-третьих, определить, как эти регуляторы и подконтрольные им структуры влияют на динамику развития. В обзоре рассмотрены инновационные методики, сделавшие дрозофилу мощным инструментом в изучении этих вопросов.
Гений в тени: русский биолог Николай Кольцов, "Природа"
Authors: Раменский Е.В. , Птушенко В.В.
Published: October 2022

Николай Константинович Кольцов — экспериментатор, теоретик, педагог, организатор науки, издатель научной литературы, просветитель, преодолевавший национальные и политические барьеры. Он создал сильную русскую школу экспериментальной физико-химической биологии. Кольцов открыл внутренний цитоскелет в животных клетках. Ему принадлежит первая гипотеза о биологической матрице наследственного аппарата, ее копировании и скачкообразных изменениях. Он первым дал представление об эпигенетике. В условиях коммунистического режима Кольцов оставался сторонником свободы научного творчества. Он дал образцы дипломатичности и одновременно твердости в защите науки от шарлатанов. Само существование академиков Н.К.Кольцова и Н.И.Вавилова было препятствием на пути лысенковщины. Оба заплатили за свою позицию жизнью.
КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КЛИМАТА ЗЕМЛИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Аванесов Г.А. , Михайлов М.В.
Published: October 2022

Изменения климата и связанные с ними проблемы касаются всех без исключения жителей нашей планеты. Авторы статьи, работая всю жизнь в области космических исследований Земли и планет Солнечной системы, не могут остаться в стороне от идущей в этой области дискуссии. В своих рассуждениях, предположениях и выводах авторы, с одной стороны, опираются на известные результаты палеонтологических исследований климата, а с другой – на собственный опыт разработки и эксплуатации съемочных и навигационных систем в космосе. Кроме того, в этой статье отражен и опыт проектирования околоземных и межпланетных траекторий полета космических аппаратов в поле тяготения Солнца и планет Солнечной системы. Палеонтологические данные указывают на то, что потепление климата началось сразу после окончания Большого ледникового периода примерно 30 тыс. лет тому назад. Расчеты параметров траекторного движения Земли показывают, что в тот же период началось, продолжается в наше время и сохранится в обозримом будущем постепенное уменьшение эксцентриситета орбиты Земли, сопровождающееся уменьшением наклона оси ее вращения. Предполагается, что указанные особенности орбитального движения Земли в сочетании с вариациями солнечной активности способны создавать условия для глобальных изменений климата. В статье делается вывод о том, потепления и похолодания климата, многократно происходившие в прошлом, обязательно будут повторяться в будущем. К этому должна готовиться промышленная инфраструктура, транспортные системы и вся среда обитания. При этом поставленная Парижским соглашением задача снижения промышленных выбросов парниковых газов представляется авторам очень важной, но ее решение вряд ли сможет привести к замедлению темпа роста среднегодовой температуры на нашей планете.
Evaluation of “Bell Let’s Talk in the Classroom”: A Guide for Improving Teachers’ Confidence in Providing Mental Health Education
Authors: Linden Brooke , Stuart Heather , Fortier Alexandra
Published: October 2022

The Let’s Talk in the Classroom (LTIC) Guide was designed to provide teachers with the education and support required to feel confident delivering mental health-related material in the Grade 7/8 classroom. The overall goal of this preliminary evaluation was to explore the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of the Guide using a mixed methods approach. A matched, pre/post-test evaluation of the Guide was conducted during the 2017/2018 school year among a sample of educators in Ontario, Canada (n = 42). Quantitatively and qualitatively, results demonstrated that teachers felt more confident and expressed fewer worries associated with teaching mental health-related lessons after engaging with the Guide and were suggestive of acceptability and utility, with continued challenges associated with feasibility identified.
Receptor of trans‐zeatin involved in transcription activation by cytokinin
Authors: Kulaeva O.N. , Karavaiko N.N. , Selivankina S.Yu. , Zemlyachenko Ya.V. , Shipilova S.V.
Published: July 2002

Zeatin‐binding protein (67 ± 2 kDa) was isolated from the cytosol of the first leaf of 10‐day‐old barley plants. The protein fits to all requirements for a zeatin receptor: (i) it binds [3H]trans‐zeatin reversibly and specifically, (ii) it is recognized by anti‐idiotype antibodies from antiserum raised against trans‐zeatin, (iii) in concert with 10−8 M trans‐zeatin it activates rRNA synthesis in vitro in a transcription elongation system containing chromatin from barley leaves associated with RNA‐polymerase I. In the presence of trans‐zeatin, the protein activates also RNA synthesis directed by RNA‐polymerase I and RNA‐polymerase II in isolated nuclei from barley leaves.
Probing the environment of neurotensin whilst bound to the neurotensin receptor by solid state NMR
Authors: Williamson P.T.F. , Bains S. , Chung C. , Cooke R. , Watts A.
Published: July 2002

A functionally active analogue of neurotensin, neurotensin(8–13), has been observed whilst bound to the agonist‐binding site of the rat neurotensin receptor by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Through the application of slow magic angle sample spinning and high‐power proton decoupling, sufficient resolution and sensitivity were obtained in the carbon‐13 spectrum to allow an assignment of many of the side chain resonances arising from uniformly carbon‐13/nitrogen‐15‐labelled neurotensin(8–13) whilst bound to the neurotensin receptor. Significant perturbations in carbon‐13 chemical shift were observed upon the binding of the neurotensin(8–13) to the receptor. Most importantly significant shifts were observed in both the carboxy terminus and tyrosine side chain of the neurotensin(8–13), suggesting that these sites are important in the interaction of the neurotensin with the agonist‐binding site on the neurotensin receptor. Conversely, no perturbations were observed for the carbon‐13 sites within the guanidinium groups of the arginine side chains, indicating little interaction with the receptor‐binding site, or a shielding of the local environment by the surrounding nitrogen atoms. These NMR observations lend further support to previous structure–activity studies, site‐directed mutagenesis and modelling studies of the agonist‐binding site of the neurotensin receptor, from which the same specific residues for which NMR perturbations were observed are important for neurotensin receptor activation by neurotensin.
Developmental maturation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor channel complex in postnatal rat brain
Authors: Sircar Ratna
Published: July 2002

The N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays an important role in developmental plasticity. Previous studies have reported differences between the NMDA receptor‐channel complex in the rat pup brain and the adult brain. In the present study, modulation of the NMDA channel complex as a function of age was measured to determine when the temporal switching of the NMDA receptor from the immature form to the adult mature form takes place. [3H]MK‐801 binding was measured in the rat forebrain from postnatal day 1 to day 21. Our data suggest the presence of two types of NMDA receptors — an immature type and a mature type. The immature NMDA receptor, seen during the early postnatal period (day 1–day 14) is highly sensitive to spermidine, l‐glutamate alone potentiates [3H]MK‐801 binding, and glycine failed to potentiate an l‐glutamate‐induced increase in [3H]MK‐801 binding. During the late postnatal period (after day 14) spermidine alone did not increase [3H]MK‐801 binding as potently as it did during the early postnatal period, high‐affinity [3H]MK‐801 binding was not seen in the presence of l‐glutamate alone, and l‐glutamate and glycine or l‐glutamate and spermidine or l‐glutamate, glycine and spermidine together, significantly increased [3H]MK‐801 binding in a manner similar to that reported in the adult brain. Together, the pharmacology of the NMDA receptor during the early postnatal period differs from the adult‐like receptor seen during the late postnatal period, and that in rats the apparent switching of the NMDA receptor from the immature type to the mature type takes place after the second postnatal week.
Sugar Metabolic Analysis of Suspensions of Plant Cells Using an FT‐IR/ATR Method
Authors: Hashimoto Atsushi , Nakanishi Kenichi , Motonaga Yoshitaka , Kameoka Takaharu
Published: July 2002

A simple, rapid and accurate evaluation of the sugar uptake rate of suspended plant cells from culture media was developed with the predicted sugar contents measured by mid‐infrared spectroscopy using a Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. We performed plant cell cultivation with Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow No.2 (TBY‐2) in culture media, which had various combinations of glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations at the initial stage, and measured simultaneously each sugar content in the medium by the FT‐IR/ATR method. By applying a logistic function to the predicted sugar contents and cell density in the medium during cultivation, the specific sugar uptake rates by the suspended TBY‐2 cells were easily and continuously obtained. Thus the kinetic sugar uptake phenomena by the TBY‐2 cells were well confirmed overall using the developed method. Additionally it was found that the fraction of sucrose of the initial total sugar content might kinetically affect the sugar uptake process and cell growth. Also, the relationship between the nondimensional cell density and sucrose content could be classified into three groups on the basis of the initial fraction of sucrose.
Palisading and Verocay body‐prominent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a report of three cases
Authors: Llatjós R , Fernández‐Figueras M T , Díaz‐Cascajo C , Ribera M , Ariza A
Published: July 2002

The aim of this report is to draw attention to nuclear palisading and Verocay body formation as peculiar, previously undescribed histological findings in rare instances of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).

Methods and results: 

Three indurated, nodular or plaque skin lesions were diagnosed as DFSP on the basis of their storiform proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells diffusely infiltrating the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Sclerosing and giant cell areas were also identified. Unexpectedly, conspicuous nuclear palisading was also noted in all cases and Verocay body formation was present in two. Immunostains were positive for CD34 and negative for S100 protein in every instance. Proliferating cells were seen to display fibroblast‐like features by ultrastructural study of one case.

Conclusions:

DFSP may rarely show a schwannoid histological appearance as the result of nuclear palisading and even Verocay body formation. In this setting, both the search for DFSP characteristic morphologic features and the performance of CD34 and S100 protein immunohistochemistry will facilitate the correct diagnosis.
Genetic, andrological and clinical characteristics of patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens
Authors: Attardo Tiziana , Vicari Enzo , Mollica Florindo , Grazioso Caterina , Burrello Nunziatina , Garofalo Maria R. , Lizzio Maria N. , Garigali Gabriella , Cannizzaro Matteo , Ruvolo Giovanni , D'Agata Rosario , Calogero Aldo E.
Published: July 2002

The possibility of retrieving spermatozoa from the epididymis allows patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) to father a child by means of assisted reproduction techniques. This has, however, increased the chance of transmitting a mutated allele of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which increases the risk of generating offspring with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because of the increased heterogeneity of the CFTR locus, the study of a discrete number of mutations, as usually carried out in a diagnostic work‐up, is unable to ascertain the presence of a mutation in a relatively high proportion of the patients screened. In an attempt to increase the chance of detecting the presence of CFTR gene abnormalities, 37 patients with CBAVD and one patient with congenital unilateral agenesis of the vas deferens (CUAVD) underwent an enlarged diagnostic protocol, which included screening for the most expected mutations of the CFTR gene in our population, evaluation of the five thymidine (5T) allelic variant, sweat test, respiratory function tests, evaluation of steatocrit, and an accurate evaluation of the history of the patient to search for symptoms commonly found in patients with CF. A single CFTR gene mutation was found in 18 patients (48.6%) with CBAVD and in the patient with CUAVD. The most frequent mutation observed was the &Dgr;F508. Eleven patients (45.8%) had the 5T variant and in five of them it was not associated with any detectable mutation of the CFTR gene. Two female partners were found to be carriers of a mutation, whereas 5 (18.5%) had the 5T variant. As many as 71% of CBVAD patients had the simultaneous presence of at least two signs and/or symptoms suggestive of CF, albeit they were of mild intensity and the patients felt fit and healthy. In conclusion, these results suggested that some patients with CBAVD without CFTR gene mutation or 5T variant, even when their sweat test is negative, may show clinical suspicion of carrying a CFTR gene mutation and therefore are at risk of generating children affected by CF if the partner carries a mutation as well. The screening for mutations and a careful clinical examination may contribute to better identification of patients with CFTR‐related CBAVD.
Communicating the value of ecology
Authors: Ormerod S.J. , Pienkowski M.W. , Watkinson A.R.
Published: July 2002

1. Environmental change and impact continue to create a major need for the application of ecology. We attempted to ascertain whether authors in the Journal of Applied Ecology made relevant contributions at appropriate spatio‐temporal scales to the problems that result.

2. A review of 84 papers published in the Journal during 1999 indicated that all carried information of direct value in environmental management, and 46% made explicit management recommendations.

3. The techniques used most frequently by applied ecologists were correlational (48% of all papers; including ordination) or anova‐style comparisons between replicated locations that were either purposely manipulated or contrasted on a priori criteria (38%). Models (13%), laboratory experiments, mark–recapture studies and observational work – involving for example stable isotopes – also figured. This breadth reveals how classical and novel approaches in ecology are brought to bear on real environmental problems. The journal continues to publicise innovative new techniques with applied relevance.

4. In keeping with the widespread use of correlation and a priori contrasts, 34% of published studies in 1999 involved time scales exceeding >5–10 years. Similarly, 40% of studies approached problems in large, regional contexts. Applied ecologists are clearly providing leadership in developing methods to tackle challenging questions at spatio‐temporal scales beyond the capabilities of manipulative ecological experiments. We will augment this area of the Journal's work with a special issue on large‐scale processes in 2000.

5. Only 20% of the papers published explicitly state clearly testable hypotheses, but nearly all state clear aims or questions being addressed.

6. Overwhelmingly, papers approach applied ecology by seeking to assess the effects of anthropogenic factors on ecological systems, and a minority assess the effects of organisms on human activity. Few studies, by contrast, use anthropogenic impacts to test or develop ecological theory. We suggest this is an area ripe for development.

7. Points 2, 3 and 4 above demonstrate how the Journal of Applied Ecology communicates the value and utility of ecology to society at large. We prompt leading ecologists to maintain their involvement with the application of ecology to problem solving. We urge authors to emphasize further the generic value in their work. We predict that applied ecology will continue as a vital tool in detecting ecological problems and informing environmental management. It will emerge also as an arena for advancing the fundamental nature of our discipline.
Seabirds and marine oil incidents: is it possible to predict the spatial distribution of pelagic seabirds?
Authors: Fauchald Per , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Systad Geir Helge
Published: July 2002

Data on the spatial distribution of seabirds at sea is commonly used in risk assessments of the possible impact of oil spills. The validity of such assessments depends on the stability of the observed spatial pattern through time. In this study we explored the year‐to‐year predictability in the spatial distribution of guillemots (Uria spp.) from a 9‐year data set covering an area of approximately 1000 × 600 km2 in the Barents Sea from late January to early March.

Spatial correlograms were used to elucidate the strength and scale of the spatial patterns within years, and the concordance of these patterns between years. Broad‐scale oceanographic features were used in linear regressions to model the spatial pattern in guillemot distribution for each year. The ability of these models to predict their spatial distribution in other years was then evaluated.

The analyses revealed two nested levels of patchiness. The large‐scale pattern, with a characteristic scale of 300 km, had a weak (R2 = 0·06) but significant spatial predictability between years. The predictability increased marginally when the data set was divided into two time periods (R2 equal to 0·07 and 0·17, respectively). Nested within the large‐scale pattern, the analyses revealed a small‐scale level of patchiness with no significant spatial year‐to‐year predictability.

The broad‐scale oceanographic variables could explain from 14% to 42% of the variance in the spatial distribution of guillemots within each year. The models were on average significantly better than using a random model when predicting other years. We found no relationships between the fit of the models and the ability to predict guillemot distribution in other years. There was a large variation in the parameter estimates between years, resulting in a large range in predicted values.

This study illustrates some of the difficulties associated with predicting the spatial distribution of mobile and patchy organisms. Our results indicate that the use of restricted survey data in extrapolating and predicting the distribution of seabirds may be misleading. Restricted survey data should mainly be used to identify vulnerable populations on a regional scale. Only when larger data series are available is it possible to evaluate, quantify and model the predictable spatial pattern in more detailed assessment analyses. There is a need to develop methods that quantify how unpredictable patchiness may affect the vulnerability of populations to surface pollutants and other environmental disturbances.
Changing pregnancy outcomes of Samoan women in Hawaii
Authors: Baruffi  , Kieffer  , Alexander  , Mor
Published: July 2002

In the state of Hawaii, Samoan mothers are known for the large average birthweight and low percentage of low birthweight (< 2500 g) of their infants, in spite of the relatively low socio‐economic status of the population. This paper reports the findings of a temporal trend analysis of birth outcomes of Samoan women and identifies worrying changes. Data were obtained from Hawaii birth certificates. Single live births to Hawaii‐resident Samoan and Caucasian women from 1979 to 1994 were included in the study. Infants of Samoan women experienced a 75 g decline in mean birthweight and an increase in the percentage of low (< 2500 g) and very low (< 1500 g) birthweight from 2.6 and 0.4 to 3.8 and 0.8 respectively. During the same time, infants of Caucasian mothers experienced an increase in mean birthweight and a decline in low birthweight, while very low birthweight did not change. Maternal socio‐demographic characteristics explained only part of the findings and use of prenatal care did not appear to be associated with any birth outcome indicators. Multiple regression analyses identified an adjusted loss of 50.8 g in birthweight and a 1.48 increase in the odds ratio of small‐for‐gestational‐age associated with birth at the end (1991–4) compared with the beginning (1979–82) of the study period. Further studies focusing on maternal health status and psycho‐social variables, including the effect of acculturation‐related stress, are warranted to identify at least some of the determinants of the changes identified by this analysis.
Standing contact fatigue
Authors: Alfredsson B. , Olsson M.
Published: July 2002

A novel experimental method for testing the resistance of a material to contact fatigue, called standing contact fatigue (SCF), is presented. It comprises a spherical indenter, repeatedly pressed onto a plane specimen in pure normal contact without lubrication, friction or wear. The SCF method is here applied to three case‐hardened steels, and results in ring/cone cracks initiated at the surface. The connection between SCF and spalling is discussed.

The experimental results are presented in the form of P–N curves, where P is the normal contact load and N the number of cycles required for fatigue crack initiation. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations of the tests. The elasto‐plastic properties of case‐hardened materials are graded, i.e. functions of the depth from the carburized surface. The gradation is estimated from independent experiments and is included in the analysis.
The application of control limits analysis to the myometric assessment of motor performance in neuropathy patients
Authors: Lough J. C. , Rafferty D. , McColl J. H. , Bell F. , Willison H. J.
Published: July 2002

Measurement  of muscle strength by myometry is used to monitor the natural course and treatment response of motor system diseases, both in individual patients and clinical trials. However, the practical usefulness of myometric data is reliant upon a statistical method for analysing serial strength measurements which distinguishes disease‐related changes from random fluctuations in patient performance and operator/device dependent measurement errors. In this study we have applied control limits analysis to this problem. Using hand‐held dynamometry, sets of baseline strength measurements were collected on two separate occasions during a period of clinical stability from up to four muscle groups in 22 patients with peripheral neuropathies. From these sets of data, 76 control limits were calculated and then used to describe the inter‐measurement variation in muscle strength in individual muscles. The range of control limits was wide, varying from <10% of baseline (in 36% of muscles tested) to >50% (in 4% of muscles tested), with 88% of muscles falling within 30% of baseline. Follow‐up data were also collected from all patients, including those undergoing treatment. Control limits analysis is a powerful and simple method for assessing the significance of motor performance changes in individual muscles in patients undergoing serial monitoring and can be easily applied to both single patients and clinical trials.