bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvation dynamics on the diffusion timescale elucidated using energy-represented dynamics theory
Authors: Okita Kazuya , Ito Natsuumi , Morishita-Watanabe Nozomi , Umakoshi Hiroshi , Kasahara Kento , Matubayasi Nobuyuki
Published: April 2024

We apply the energy-represented dynamics theory to the solvation dynamics of Prodan in water and alcohol solvents. Our results reveal the importance of the solvent collective motion on the relaxation time coefficients.
Mechanistic studies on single-electron transfer in frustrated Lewis pairs and its application to main-group chemistry
Authors: van der Zee Lars J. C. , Hofman Jelle , van Gaalen Joost M. , Slootweg J. Chris
Published: April 2024

Here, we discuss predicting thermal and photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET) in frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) and characterizing the resulting radical pair. We then extend these methods' application to main-group chemistry.
New insights into the enhanced CO2RR durability caused by electron-donating substitution of heterogeneous CoPc
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Pingao , Ma Chao , Xu Zhiyuan , Tang Beibei
Published: April 2024

Enhanced long-term CO2RR electrolysis durability with heterogeneous CoPc–NH2, is derived from the activity retention along with ligand hydrogenation based on the unfolding–folding mechanism.
Comprehensive characterization and optoelectronic significance of Ho3+ and Cr3+ Co-doped ZnAl2O4 spinels
Authors: Elhamdi I. , Souissi H. , Kammoun S. , Dhahri E. , Pina J. , Costa B. F. O. , López-Lago E.
Published: April 2024

The spinels ZnAl1.99−xHoxCr0.01O4 (with x = 0 and 0.001) were synthesized using a solid-state method, and various techniques were employed for their characterization.
CdS QDs grown on ellipsoidal BiVO4 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Liu Kai , Ran Mao-Jin , Li Zhi-Rong , Huang Yi-Fu , Jiang Ze-Yu , Li Wan-Ying , Khojiev Shokir , Hu Zhi-Yi , Chen Li-Hua , Liu Jing , Li Yu , Su Bao-Lian
Published: April 2024

Designing efficient, inexpensive, and stable photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants and antibiotics has become an effective way for environmental remediation.
Oxygen vacancy engineering of ultra-small CuWO4 nanoparticles for boosting photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Xiang Dingzhou , Jin Xin , Sun Guilin , Zhong Chenghuan , Gao Shan
Published: April 2024

Ultra-small CuWO4 nanoparticles (ca. 39 nm) with abundant oxygen vacancies (CuWO4–OVs) were prepared through the cascade strategy (ligand confinement@fast calcination) for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation.
68Ga labeled EphA2-targeted cyclic peptide: a novel positron imaging tracer for triple-negative breast cancer?
Authors: Qu Bin , Li Xianjun , Ma Yuze , Wang Yanzhi , Han Yeming , Hou Guihua , Gao Feng
Published: April 2024

The cyclic peptide SD01 was successfully prepared. Gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled-DOTA-SD01 could be used for micro PET/CT imaging of EphA2 positive TNBC tumors as a novel PET imaging agent.
Ultrahigh power generation from low-frequency and micro motion by suppressing air breakdown
Authors: Cao Zeyuan , Teng Junchi , Ding Rong , Xu Jiani , Ren Chao , Lee Seng-Hong , Guo Xingqi , Ye Xiongying
Published: April 2024

This work reports a novel and standard metric of plot to evaluate the electrostatic generator's output performance under air breakdown limitation and proposes a strategy to extend the plot for achieving ultrahigh power generation.
Aliphatic amines from waste polyolefins by tandem pyrolysis, hydroformylation, and reductive amination
Authors: Li Houqian , Cuthbertson Amy A. , Alamer Ahmad Amer , Cecon Victor S. , Radhakrishnan Harish , Wu Jiayang , Curtzwiler Greg W. , Vorst Keith L. , Bai Xianglan , Landis Clark R. , Beckham Gregg T. , Huber George W.
Published: April 2024

Through the combination of pyrolysis, hydroformylation, and reductive amination, waste polyolefins have the potential to produce primary aliphatic amines.
Tailored MXenes and graphene as efficient telemedicine platforms for personalized health wellness
Authors: Khondakar Kamil Reza , Tripathi Divya , Mazumdar Hirak , Ahuja Kirti , Kaushik Ajeet
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review paper provides an insightful exploration of the burgeoning field of 2D nanostructures and their development as telemedicine platforms for futuristic smart healthcare systems.
Ab initio investigation of hot electron transfer in CO2 plasmonic photocatalysis in the presence of hydroxyl adsorbate
Authors: Fusco Zelio , Koenig Dirk , Smith Sean C. , Beck Fiona Jean
Published: April 2024

Co-adsorbed hydroxyl species play a significant role in changing the energy landscape of the plasmon-mediated CO2 reaction. These promote CO2 activation and transfer of hot electrons in newly formed hybridized orbitals, thereby improving selectivity.
The use of collective variables and enhanced sampling in the simulations of existing and emerging microporous materials
Authors: Stracke Konstantin , Evans Jack D.
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes how enhanced sampling methods are used to investigate the complex properties of microporous materials.
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), a compelling and trailblazing catalyst for visible-light-induced organic photocatalysis
Authors: Hong Bor-Cherng , Indurmuddam Ranadheer Reddy
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes recent developments in visible-light or near-visible-light photocatalysis reactions enabled by the TBADT catalyst.
Reduction of sulfoxides catalyzed by the commercially available manganese complex MnBr(CO)5
Authors: Lourenço Daniel L. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: April 2024

The commercially available, inexpensive and air-stable manganese catalyst MnBr(CO)5 has proven to be an excellent catalyst for the reduction of a wide variety of sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfides in excellent yields and good chemoselectivity.
BBr3-mediated dearomative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones: facile access to spiro[5.5]dienones
Authors: Jaiswal Gaurav , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: April 2024

BBr3 mediated dearomative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones has been reported for the direct synthesis of spiro[5.5]dienones with a tri-substituted double bond.
Ring-opening (co)polymerization of chiral seven-membered lactones mediated by achiral yttrium catalysts: insights into the catalyst stereocontrol by mass spectrometry
Authors: Dhaini Ali , Ollivier Jérôme , Le Yondre Nicolas , Alaaeddine Ali , Guillaume Sophie M. , Carpentier Jean-François
Published: April 2024

The ROCOP of equimolar mixtures of (R)-CLnBu/(S)-CLMe enabled the assessment of the ROP stereocontrol ability of yttrium catalysts through the degree of alternation via detailed mass spectrometric analyses.
Y-tube assisted coprecipitation synthesis of iron-based Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruizhong , Liu Yuao , Liu Hongquan , Zhong Yanjun , Zhang Yuan , Wu Zhenguo , Wang Xinlong
Published: April 2024

Prussian blue analogues are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high energy density, low cost, sustainability, and simple synthesis processes.
Rice husk valorisation by in situ grown MoS2 nanoflowers: a dual-action catalyst for pollutant dye remediation and microbial decontamination
Authors: Ranjan Rahul , Bhatt Smruti B. , Rai Rohit , Sharma Sanju Kumari , Ranjan Rishabh , Bharti Ankit , Dhar Prodyut
Published: April 2024

In this study, we carried out valorization of rice husk through in situ growth of MoS2 nanoflowers for simultaneous pollutant dye remediation and microbial decontamination.
Optimization of isotropic MoS2/PES membranes for efficient treatment of industrial oily wastewater
Authors: Kayanja Oscar , Hassan Mohsen A. , Hassanin Ahmed , Ohashi Hidenori , Khalil Ahmed S. G.
Published: April 2024

Elimination of tiny oil droplets nearly miscible with wastewater can be realized using membrane technology through ultrafiltration.
Discovery of new triterpene glycosides from Dendrobium officinale with their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity
Authors: Yen Pham Hai , Tai Bui Huu , Thuy Hang Dan Thi , Doan Tung Lam Le , Dung Duong Thi , Trang Do Thi , Thi Hai Yen Duong , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Dung Nguyen Viet , Bang Ngo Anh , Duy Nguyen Duc , Van Kiem Phan
Published: April 2024

Seven new oleanane saponins were discovered from Dendrobium officinale. These saponins containing 29-noroleana-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid framework, caffeoyl, and coumaroyl moieties potentially inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities.
Bicyclic guanidine superbase carboxylate salts for cellulose dissolution
Authors: Gazagnaire Eva , Helminen Jussi , King Alistair W. T. , Golin Almeida Thomas , Kurten Theo , Kilpeläinen Ilkka
Published: April 2024

Bicyclic guanidines are utilized in organic synthesis as base catalysts or reagents.
In vitro and in silico docking and molecular dynamic of antimicrobial activities, alpha-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from the aerial parts of Mussaenda saigonensis
Authors: Ngoc Mai Tran Thi , Minh Phan Nhat , Phat Nguyen Tan , Chi Mai Thanh , Duong Thuc Huy , Nhi Phan Nguyen Hong , Minh An Tran Nguyen , Dang Van-Son , Van Hue Nguyen , Hong Anh Nguyen Thi , Tri Mai Dinh
Published: April 2024

Twelve compounds were isolated from Mussaenda saigonensis aerial parts through phytochemical analysis and the genus Mussaenda is the first place where the compounds 4–6 and 11–12 have been found.
LED-induced Ru-photoredox Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation of (6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)pyrimidines and heteroaryl counterparts
Authors: Antoniou Ioakeim M. , Ioannou Natalia , Panagiotou Nikos , Georgiades Savvas N.
Published: April 2024

A LED-induced Ru-photoredox Pd-catalyzed method was employed to carry out late-stage C–H arylation on a series of Biginelli/Suzuki-derived modular (6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine substrates and their heteroaryl counterparts.
Crystalline nanosheets of three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks with uniform thickness and high stability
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Jin Yucheng , Zheng Tianyu , Li Ning , Han Yuesheng , Yu Baoqiu , Wang Kang , Qi Dongdong , Wang Tianyu , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: April 2024

A gas- and heat-yielding solidliquid chemical reaction, affords a 3D supramolecular framework with uniform thickness and Pt nano-crystals immobilized on the surface, exhibiting excellent photo-/thermo-catalytic CO oxidation performance.
Norcorroles as antiaromatic π-electronic systems that form dimension-controlled assemblies
Authors: Ishikawa Soh , Yamasumi Kazuhisa , Sugiura Shinya , Sato Shunsuke , Watanabe Go , Koo Yun Hee , Seki Shu , Bando Yuya , Haketa Yohei , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: April 2024

Norcorroles with 3,4,5-trialkoxyphenyl moieties were synthesized to form thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs), in which triple-decker stacking structures were formed. The LC state exhibited discotic columnar structures to exhibit high electric conductivity.
Switchable origami adhesives
Authors: A. Jayawardana Wathsala M. , Elder Theresa , Twohig Timothy , Croll Andrew B.
Published: April 2024

Creating a reusable adhesive that can hold objects on a wall and can yet be easily removed without causing damage has been a goal for researchers in the adhesives community for many years.
Morphology of impact polypropylene copolymer extruded cast film revealed by confocal Raman imaging
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Xu Meng , Ren Minqiao , Shi Hongwei , Liu Guoming , Li Juan , Liu Xuanbo , Zhang Longgui , Gao Dali
Published: April 2024

The two-dimensional and three-dimensional morphologies of the impact polypropylene copolymer extruded cast film were obtained by confocal Raman imaging for the first time in the industry.
Capillary imbibition of confined monodisperse emulsions in microfluidic channels
Authors: Norouzi Darabad Masoud , Singha Sagnik , Vanapalli Siva A. , Vaughn Mark W. , Blawzdziewicz Jerzy
Published: April 2024

Emulsion imbibition into flat capillaries is very complex. We show that formation of a clear-fluid or dense-emulsion region behind the meniscus, concentration and velocity fluctuations, and generation of ordered domains are confinement controlled.
From scrap metal to highly efficient electrodes: harnessing the nanotextured surface of swarf for effective utilisation of Pt and Co for hydrogen production
Authors: Thangamuthu Madasamy , Kohlrausch Emerson C. , Li Ming , Speidel Alistair , Clare Adam T. , Plummer Richard , Geary Paul , Murray James W. , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Alves Fernandes Jesum
Published: April 2024

Atomically deposited Pt and Co on nano-grooves result in active and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions.
What excites the optical emission in X-ray-selected galaxies?
Authors: Pulatova N. G. , Rix H.-W. , Tugay A. V. , Zadorozhna L. V. , Seeburger R. , Demianenko M.
Published: April 2024

We present a study of 1347 galaxies at z < 0.35 with detected nuclear X-ray emission and optical emission line diagnostics in the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT) diagram. This sample was obtained by cross-matching the XMM-Newton DR10 catalogue with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR17 galaxies with well-measured line ratios. The distribution of these sources in the BPT diagram covers all three excitation regimes: Ionized Hydrogen (HII) regions (23%), ‘composites’ (30%), and Seyfert galaxies with the low ionization nuclear emission line regions (47%). In contrast, the fraction of objects classified as active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the SDSS subsample selected for cross-match with XMM-Newton is only 13%. This fact illustrates that X-ray emission from galaxies commonly points towards the presence of AGN. Our data show, for the first time, a clear dependence of the BPT position on the ratio of the X-ray to Hα fluxes. Sources dominated by X-ray emission lie in the Seyfert and LINER regimes of the BPT diagram. Most sources with a low X-ray-to-Hα-luminosity ratio, log10(LX/LHα) < 1.0, lie in the HII regime. In our sample, there are even 45 galaxies that have LXRStar/LXrayTotal > 0.5. In contrast, the positions of the sample members in the BPT diagram exhibit no dependence on the X-ray hardness ratio. Our finding suggests that the X-ray-to-Hα ratio can help us to differentiate galaxies whose X-ray flux is dominated by an AGN from galaxies with central X-ray binaries and other stellar X-ray sources.
Ecological assessment of soil salinization in the southern Aral Sea Region
Authors: Otenova F.T. , Mambetullaeva S.M.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of studies of various types of soils in arid territories. Due to the increased intensity of anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems in many regions, large-scale soil salinization is singled out as one of the factors in the development of soil degradation processes. The depth of occurrence, mineralization and chemical composition of groundwater are subject to seasonal, annual and long-term changes, which can be described by certain patterns of hydro regime. The development of secondary salinization in the region can be attributed to the existing problems that have arisen as a result of the widespread development of irrigation. The solution of this issue requires the development of new approaches to the development of irrigation in the Southern Aral Sea region.
Use of granulated wood waste and municipal solid waste as fuel: review
Authors: Ahmed A.A. , Trubaev P.A.
Published: April 2024

This research was focused on the combustion of granulated solid fuels from wood waste and household waste. Environmental considerations, as well as economic and resource factors, are frequently what drive the use of alternative fuels. The technical possibility of using an alternative fuels instead of the main one depends on the compliance of their heat characteristics, among which are the theoretical combustion temperature of the fuel and its calorific value. Alternative fuels are characterised by the instability of these properties. This is largely due to the uncertainty of their physicochemical properties, ignition potential, and emission profiles. The study shows that it is more reasonable to produce fuel granules (pellets) from biomass. They have many advantages over traditional fuels. Fuel pellets are considered to be environmentally friendly fuels, so enterprises that use them do not need quotas for greenhouse gas emissions. Pellets have an advantage over liquid fuels and coal, especially in terms of emissions. During combustion, along with a decrease in CO2 emissions, sulphur dioxide emissions are reduced. If you burn two tonnes of pellets, then as many calories are released during combustion: 1400 m3 of gas, 1370 litres of fuel oil, 1000 litres of diesel fuel and 3200 kg of wood. Fuel, pellets are safe to use. They can be stored in the immediate vicinity of the premises because they are biologically inactive materials that have undergone heat treatment. That’s why pellets are an efficient alternative biofuel.
Assessment of the environmental situation on the territory of CJSC KTK-R and in the area of its direct influence
Authors: Gordienko I.V. , Gordienko K.A.
Published: April 2024

The paper studies the environmental situation on the territory of CJSC “KTK-R” and in the zone of its direct influence. Direct sources of environmental pollution on the territory of the enterprise were identified. The results of biotesting substrate toxicity by sprouts of various indicator plants were analysed, the concentrations of heavy metals in soil, nitrates, sulphates and acid-alkaline balance were determined. Measures to reduce the negative environmental impact of wastewater treatment facilities were proposed.
Numerical modelling of the effect of MAPI3 thin film on ITO/TiO2/MEH-PPV/Au solar cell
Authors: Rachidy Chaymaa , Hartiti Bouchaib , Touhtouh Samira , Moujoud Salaheddine , Belhora Fouad , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: April 2024

Considering the temporary ecological challenges confronting our global milieu, the imperative to transition towards sustainable and conscientious methodologies looms as an unequivocal necessity. As purveyors of scientific inquiry our mandate is to meticulously explore a plethora of alternatives, liberating ourselves from the shackles of deleterious energy sources. We are investigating the value of semiconducting polymer-based solar cells in this work from a material science perspective because they are quite affordable to synthesize and have demonstrated some encouraging results, due to its notable benefits in photovoltaic (PV) applications, such as its high absorption coefficients, excellent charge carrier mobility, and favorable blend morphology with acceptor materials, which all contribute to improved device performance. We are using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) in this study. In order to investigate the impact of the Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite (MAPI3) thin film on the performance of the ITO/TiO2/MEH-PPV/Au solar cell, a numerical simulation was carried out using SCAPS-1D. Open circuit voltage (Voc), density of short circuit (Jsc), fill factor (FF), efficiency (η), and other solar cell metrics were measured and analyzed, with special emphasis to device inputs and the ensuing improvements. The performance of the MEH-PPV/TiO2 solar cell has been enhanced by the addition of MAPI3, resulting in a noteworthy 14% efficiency boost. These modelling results can be very useful for a better understanding and control of this type of solar cells.
Design and performance analysis of a Scheffler reflector for ceramic materials sintering
Authors: Ouqazzamar Radiya , Zrhaiba Adil , Assal Said , Bousseta Hamza , Amiry Houssam , Yadir Said , Oudrhiri Hassani Fahd
Published: April 2024

This study aims to identify the factors enhancing the performance of Scheffler parabolic solar concentrators as part of the design of a solar kiln for firing ceramic materials, with a particular emphasis on the crucial role of the concentrator’s concentration factor in reaching the necessary sintering temperature of around 1000 °C. This challenge is addressed through a design methodology employing circular crossbars and rectangular mirrors, simplifying fabrication. The study further involves assessing and comparing concentration factors across multiple configurations, encompassing both traditional parabolic surfaces and rectangular mirrors. Findings indicate that using flat rectangular mirrors with dimensions of approximately (2.5 × 2.5) cm2 achieves performance levels comparable to those attained with parabolic surfaces. The Results also highlight the critical importance of accurately positioning the receiver’s surface to ensure optimal performance. Additionally, the study confirms that increasing the surface area of the dish offers significant advantages for achieving high temperatures.
La qualité de l’eau de boisson en élevage : déterminante pour la santé des porcs
Authors: Lemistre Anouck , Héliez Sylvie
Published: April 2024

Une eau de qualité est primordiale pour s’assurer de maintenir les animaux dans de bonnes conditions de santé. Il est nécessaire de vérifier régulièrement la qualité de l’eau qu’ils consomment. La qualité microbiologique de l’eau, notamment l’absence de germes pathogènes, est essentielle. Il est également important de connaître les principaux paramètres physico-chimiques de l’eau, car si les taux recommandés sont dépassés, cela peut avoir un impact sur les performances des animaux et favoriser le développement de bactéries potentiellement pathogènes. Ces paramètres peuvent également dégrader les équipements du circuit d’abreuvement (corrosion, colmatage), limiter l’efficacité des traitements de désinfection de l’eau, interagir négativement avec les traitements antibactériens ou prophylactiques. Si la qualité de l’eau est mauvaise, il faut se pencher sur trois aspects fondamentaux : la qualité du captage (il est alors recommandé de réaliser une analyse de l’eau à la sortie du captage) ; l’efficacité du traitement de l’eau (vérifier qu’il est adapté à la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau) et enfin l’état des canalisations, qui peuvent être souillées par la présence de biofilm.
Onkologische Rehabilitation bei Mammakarzinom
Authors: Hass Holger G.
Published: April 2024

Die Prognose des Mammakarzinoms hat sich durch eine zunehmend individualisierte
Therapie deutlich verbessert. Allerdings kann es infolge der multimodalen
Behandlung und dem Einsatz neuer Medikamente zu einer Vielzahl von somatischen
und psychischen Folgestörungen kommen. Nachfolgend werden typische sowie neue
Therapie-induzierte Nebenwirkungen erörtert und die zur Rehabilitation
notwendigen Maßnahmen vorgestellt.
Verletzungen der subaxialen Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Schleicher Philipp , Pingel Andreas , Neuhoff Jonathan , Wengert Alexander , Kandziora Frank
Published: April 2024

Die untere Halswirbelsäule (HWS) ist anfällig für Verletzungen, die 2,5–5% aller knöchernen Verletzungen ausmachen. Statistiken zeigen, dass 20–50% aller Wirbelsäulenverletzungen die HWS betreffen, wobei 50–70% auf die untere HWS entfallen. In Deutschland gab es 2018 rund 11.528 stationäre Behandlungen aufgrund von Halswirbelsäulenfrakturen, mit steigender Tendenz.

Rückenmarkverletzungen bei HWS-Verletzungen treten mit etwa 10–12% auf, wobei das Risiko im Vergleich zu Brust- und Lendenwirbelverletzungen dreifach höher ist. Sportliche Aktivitäten, Verkehrsbeteiligung und Stürze über 2 m Höhe erhöhen das Risiko signifikant.

Begleitverletzungen sind in bis zu 80% der Fälle vorhanden und betreffen andere Wirbelsäulenabschnitte, Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und Extremitäten. Die Segmente C5–6 und C6–7 sind am häufigsten betroffen.

Die AO Spine-Klassifikation für subaxiale HWS-Verletzungen, eingeführt 2015, berücksichtigt Facettenverletzungen und neurologischen Status. Diagnostisch ist die Canadian-C-Spine-Rule relevant, während die CT für die primäre HWS-Bildgebung bevorzugt wird.

Therapieoptionen umfassen konservative Ansätze für nicht dislozierte Frakturen, während operative Eingriffe, ventral oder dorsal, bei instabilen Verletzungen erforderlich sind. Die Wahl der Therapie hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, darunter die Art der Verletzung und der neurologische Status.

Die Prognose nach HWS-Verletzungen variiert je nach Grad der neurologischen Beteiligung. Ohne Rückenmarkverletzung erzielen die meisten Patienten gute Ergebnisse, während Rückenmarkverletzungen die Lebensqualität negativ beeinflussen. Die Rückkehr in den Beruf gelingt in vielen Fällen, und radikuläre Läsionen heilen häufig symptomfrei aus. Relevante Nackenschmerzen sind jedoch in etwa 20% der Fälle nach 2,5 Jahren zu verzeichnen.
Interferon-Inhibition beim systemischen Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Mucke Johanna
Published: April 2024

Typ-I-Interferone (IFN) spielen über die Bindung an den Interferon-alpha-Rezeptor und die Aktivierung des JAK-STAT-Weges eine wichtige Rolle in der Abwehr viraler Organismen. Beim SLE findet sich eine Überproduktion von Typ-I-IFN, die zu einer vermehrten Aktivierung von B-Zellen führen. Die IFN-Level korrelieren dabei mit Krankheitsaktivität und -schwere. Typ-I-IFN stellen damit ein vielversprechendes Therapieziel dar und mit der Zulassung des IFN-alpha-Rezeptor-Inhibitors Anifrolumab zur Therapie des extrarenalen SLE steht bereits ein wirksames Medikament zur Interferon-Blockade zu Verfügung. Zudem gibt es weitere Ansätze, wie die JAK-Inhibition oder Hemmung der IFN-produzierenden plasmazytoiden dendritischen Zellen, die derzeit als mögliche Therapieziele bei SLE getestet werden.
CD38 als innovatives therapeutisches Target zur Plasmazelldepletion bei Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Alexander Tobias , Ostendorf Lennard , Hiepe Falk
Published: April 2024

CD38 ist ein Typ-II-Glykoprotein und Ektoenzym, das auf kurz- und langlebigen Plasmazellen stark exprimiert wird, während es auf anderen lymphoiden Zellen, myeloischen Zellen und nicht hämatopoetischen Zellen nur schwach exprimiert wird. Dieses Expressionsmuster macht CD38 zu einem interessanten Ziel für einen Plasmazell-gerichteten Therapieansatz und ist bei Multiplem Myelom bereits als Therapieoption fest verankert. Bei Autoantikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunerkrankungen zielt dieser Ansatz auf eine Depletion von antikörperproduzierenden Plasmazellen, die auf Immunsuppression und B-Zell-gerichtete Therapien, wie z. B. Rituximab, nicht ansprechen. Innerhalb der letzten Jahre wurden monoklonale Anti-CD38-Antikörper erfolgreich bei refraktären Autoimmunerkrankungen eingesetzt. Wir stellen hier die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe und Ergebnisse der ersten Erfahrungsberichte zusammen.
Wahrnehmung der Alltagsaktivitäten aus der Perspektive von
Patientinnen
Authors: Meyer Nora , Dennhardt Silke
Published: April 2024

Ruhigstellung oder aktive Nachbehandlung bei operativ versorgter Radiusfraktur –
diese Frage scheidet bis heute die Geister der Handchirurgie. Aus Sicht der
Forschung scheint es keinen signifikanten Unterschied beider Varianten bei den
funktionellen Ergebnissen zu geben. Das individuelle Erleben von Patient*innen
wird dabei häufig außer Acht gelassen. Erste Hinweise, dass deren Wahrnehmung
sowie die Unterstützung durch Therapeut*innen aber eine Rolle spielen, gibt
diese qualitative Studie zur Perspektive von Patient*innen.
Psychologische Aspekte der Schmerz- und
Traumabewältigung
Authors: Veit Petra
Published: April 2024

Physio- und Ergotherapeut*innen begegnen in ihrer Praxis häufig psychisch
belasteten Menschen. Dazu gehören auch traumatisierte Patient*innen die häufig
unter chronischen Schmerzen leiden und sich ihren verletzten Körperbereichen
gegenüber emotional distanziert verhalten. Sie scheinen die Behandlung nicht zu
unterstützen oder handeln kontraproduktiv. Der Grund dafür könnte ein seelisches
Trauma sein.
Mit Schicksalsschlägen umgehen: posttraumatische Belastungsstörung in
der Handtherapie
Authors: Maywald Ina
Published: April 2024

Nach einer Handverletzung müssen nicht nur Knochen, Sehnen und Muskeln verheilen,
sondern das Erlebte muss auch verarbeitet werden. In manchen Fällen kann es etwa
nach einem Unfall zu einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) kommen.
Dann ist es nötig, nicht nur die physischen, sondern auch die psychischen
Symptomatiken zu beachten und zu behandeln.
Primary anastomosis closure after endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric intervention
Authors: Cui YongYan , Almario Jose Antonio , Bejjani Michael , Khashab Mouen A. , Irani Shayan
Published: April 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric intervention (EDGI) is a technique that creates an anastomosis between the gastric pouch or jejunum to the excluded stomach in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy to allow access to the pancreaticobiliary system. Thus far, management of anastomosis closure at the time of lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) removal has varied widely. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of primary closure at the time of LAMS removal using a through-the-scope (TTS) tack-based suture system. 

Patients and methods This was a two-center retrospective study of RYGB patients who underwent single-stage EDGI using a 20-mm LAMS and subsequent primary anastomosis closure with the X-tack system at the time of stent removal. Patient demographics, procedure details, clinical outcomes, and imaging findings are reported.

Results Nineteen patients (median age 63 years, 84% female) underwent single-stage EDGI with a median follow-up of 31.5 months. Adverse events occurred in two patients (11%) who had abdominal pain requiring hospitalization. The median LAMS dwell time was 32 days (range 16–86). All patients (100%) who underwent follow-up studies after LAMS removal had confirmed anastomosis closure (n = 18). Most patients had documented weight loss at the time of LAMS removal and at last follow-up (68%, n = 13).

Conclusions Single-stage EDGI is an effective approach to managing RYGB patients with pancreaticobiliary pathology. Thus far, endoscopic TTS tack-based suturing appears to have a high success rate in anastomosis closure after LAMS removal and should be considered as a primary method for preventing chronic fistulae.
Alban Köhler – Ein Rückblick zu seinem 150. Geburtstag anhand seiner „Lebenserinnerungen“ und seiner Röntgenbücher
Authors: Stuhrmann Markus
Published: April 2024

Vor 150 Jahren, am 1.3.1874, wurde Prof. Dr. Alban Köhler, Pionier in der Röntgendiagnostik und Mitgründer der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft, geboren. Anhand seiner Lebenserinnerungen „Röntgenarztes Erdenwallen“, eine außergewöhnlich persönliche, interessante und auch humorvolle Autobiografie eines Zeitzeugen aus den Anfängen der Röntgenära, soll an Ihn erinnert werden. Ferner stehen im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit seine hervorragenden Röntgenbücher über die Skeletterkrankungen und Normvarianten.
A Triple Laser Combination Treatment for Facial Angiofibromata Management in Tuberous Sclerosis and Literature Review
Authors: Neamonitou F. , Neamonitos K.K. , Stavrianos S. , Neamonitos K.P.
Published: April 2024

Angiofibromas are a common facial manifestation of tuberous sclerosis (TS). However, current treatments have proven ineffective due to high recurrence rates and noncompliance. To address this issue, we developed a new triple laser therapy protocol for more effective management of angiofibromas. We conducted tests to validate its efficacy. This is a prospective study of 10 patients with TS (4 women and 6 men, mean age 26.3 years [15–37 years]) with angiofibromata who received triple sequential laser therapy at our private dermatological clinic conducted from January 2000 to December 2022. We evaluated the outcome with the Facial Angiofibromata Severity Index (FASI) via clinical photography (0, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). All patients had a successful recovery without any complications. Among these 10 patients, 4 experienced localized recurrences at their 6-month follow-up. These recurrences were treated with a second single carbon dioxide laser session. After 2 years of follow-up, we observed no recurring facial cutaneous manifestations. Furthermore, all patients experienced a decrease in their FASI score after treatment. According to the Visual Analogue Scale, patients reported 95% satisfaction, and DLQI indicated only a minor impact on their everyday lives. We believe that this protocol of three-step laser treatment is effective, safe, and compliable for patients with facial angiofibromata, providing a satisfactory outcome adaptable to the daily dermatological and plastic surgery practice.
Efficiency and safety of nasal positive airway pressure systems during endoscopic procedures in high-risk patients: Endo-Breath study
Authors: Kalner Alexander , Küchler Friedrich , Kavallari Ellen , Müller Martin , Seufferlein Thomas , Walter Benjamin M
Published: April 2024

Background and study aims Sedation of high-risk patients is a relevant issue in interventional endoscopy. This is especially because standard oximetric monitors display only hypoxia and not the preceding hypercapnia. Therefore, the question arises whether use of a nasal positive airway pressure (nPAP) system can decrease the rate of sedation-associated events.

Patients and methods A randomized, prospective trial was conducted at University Hospital Ulm, including 98 consecutive patients, identified as high-risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status ≥3) and scheduled for prolonged (>15 minutes) endoscopic procedures. Patients underwent 1:1 randomization to two groups: interventional (nPAP-Mask) and control (conventional oxygen supplementation). Levels of CO2 were measured noninvasively by transcutaneous capnometry device. The primary outcome was incidence of hypoxia (SpO2 <90% over 10 seconds) and incidence of severe hypoxia was incidence of SpO2 <80% over 10 seconds. One of our secondary objectives was to determine if the nPAP-Mask could result in significant CO2 retention among high-risk patients.

Results Data analysis showed lower incidence of hypoxia in the interventional group (10/47 vs. 31/251) P <0.05. Episodes of severe hypoxia (SpO2 <80% over 10 seconds) were more frequent in the control group (8/51) compared with the intervention group (2/47) P <0.05. There was no significant difference in ΔCO2 levels in the interventional vs. control group (–6.01±7.66 vs. –7.35±8.59 mm Hg).

Conclusions In high-risk patients use of a nasal positive airway pressure system could significantly lower risk of hypoxia, especially in prolonged procedures. The nPAP-Mask does not induce CO2 retention when compared with conventional oxygen supplementation.
Therapy Combining Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist with
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Diabetic
ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Takubo Masahiro , Watanabe Kentaro , Saito Hitoki , Kohno Genta , Ishihara Hisamitsu
Published: April 2024

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have beneficial effects on
cardiovascular disease in addition to their glucose-lowering effects. In this
study, the effects of these drugs, when used individually or in combination, on
cardiovascular atherosclerotic lesion development were compared in diabetic
ApoE-deficient (ApoE KO) hyperlipidemic mice.

Methods ApoE-KO mice were treated with streptozotocin and nicotinamide,
generating a type 2 diabetes model. The mice were randomly divided into four
groups: vehicle-treated (untreated), liraglutide (LIRA), ipragliflozin (IPRA),
and combination therapy (combo). These mice, as well as non-diabetic controls,
were fed a high-fat diet. After 8 weeks of drug administration, the heart and
aorta were removed and analyzed.

Results Atherosclerotic lesions evaluated by oil red O (ORO) staining were
significantly larger in the untreated group (13.4±0.8% of the total aortic area)
than in the non-diabetic controls (4.4±0.5%, p<0.01), while being reduced in
the combo group (6.0±1.0%, p<0.01) as compared with the untreated group. The
ORO stain-positive area in the LIRA and IPRA groups tended to be reduced but
their differences were not statistically significant. Transcript levels of
Mcp1 and Sirt1 were significantly reduced and increased,
respectively, in the combo compared with the untreated group, while no
significant changes were observed in the monotherapy groups.

Conclusions The data suggest that combination therapy with liraglutide and
ipragliflozin may be an efficient regimen for preventing the development of
atherosclerosis in diabetic mice deficient in ApoE.
The Accuracy of the S100B Protein Biomarker in the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Haddadi Kaveh , Abediankenari Saeed , Ehteshami Saeed , Alipour Abbas , Majd Hassan Shayan , Jafarpour Hamed , Asadian Leila
Published: April 2024

Introduction The role of some biomarkers such as S100 beta (S100B) has been somewhat known in determining the severity of primary acute spinal cord injury (SCI), and today, it has been the basis of various relevant studies. Therefore, this study estimates the S100B level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with spinal injuries.

Methods This was a descriptive-analytic study. In this study, 31 patients with acute SCI referred to Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups of complete and incomplete SCI according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA). The S100B concentrations in serum and CSF levels were compared between the two groups.

Result There was only significant positive correlation between S100B CSF concentration and complete SCI based on the ASIA criterion, meaning that in cases of complete SCI the S100B CSF concentration was significantly increased correlation coefficient (CC) (cc = 0.529 and p = 0.002). Based on the results of serum S100B protein concentration, 14.70 ng/dL with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 55% was determined as cutoff for complete SCI. Also, about the CSF S100B protein level variable, concentration of 342.18 ng/dL with 100% sensitivity and 64% specificity was determined as cutoff for complete injury.

Conclusion The results of this unique study have shown that S100B were useful markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute SCI and cutoff points determined for serum and especially CSF concentrations can differentiate complete and incomplete SCI.
Neuralink and Brain–Computer Interface—Exciting Times for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Parikh Purvish Mahendra , Venniyoor Ajit
Published: April 2024

Brain–computer interfaces are becoming a tangible reality, capable of significantly aiding patients in real-world scenarios. The recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical human trials of Neuralink marks a monumental stride, comparable to Mr. Armstrong's moonwalk. Numerous other companies are also pioneering innovative solutions in this domain. Presently, over 150,000 patients in the United States possess brain implants. As technology advances, it holds the potential to alleviate various conditions, notably motor paralysis, cerebral palsy, and involuntary movements.
Heterokaryotypic Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy: New Perspective
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Aneja Anjila , Bahl Neena , Arora Rupam , Sehgal Renu Raina , Saini Pankaj
Published: April 2024

Monozygotic twins are thought to be identical since they are created from a single fertilized egg, yet there may be differences in their congenital defects, birth weight, and genetic makeup. Asymmetric X chromosome inactivation, unequal gene imprinting, and postzygotic mitotic mistakes including nondisjunction and anaphase lag can all result in heterokaryotypic monochorionic twins. We report a monochorionic twin pregnancy that exhibited stigmata associated with trisomy 18 on postnatal examination despite a low risk of common aneuploidy (trisomy 18) on noninvasive prenatal screening. Short tandem repeat markers were used for postnatal examination to confirm high-grade mosaicism. These markers indicated mosaic trisomy 18 in twin II and normal in twin I, ruling out uniparental disomy and establishing monozygosity in both fetuses. Twin sac amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that can be used to identify discrepant monochorionic twins because chorionic villus sampling, single sac amniocentesis, or cordocentesis may not be able to rule out aneuploidy in the second fetus and may yield a false-negative result. For prompt zygosity diagnosis, chromosomal complement, genetic counseling, and referral for selective fetal reduction, twin sac amniocentesis is recommended.
Evaluation of Meniscal Load and Load Distribution in the Sound Canine Stifle at Different Angles of Flexion
Authors: Schmutterer Johannes Maximilian , Augat Peter , Greinwald Markus , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: April 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the contact mechanics and kinematic changes in the stifle in different standing angles.

Study Design We performed a biomechanical ex vivo study using pairs of canine cadaver hindlimbs. Motion sensors were fixed to the tibia and the femur for kinematic data acquisition. Pressure mapping sensors were placed between the femur and both menisci. Thirty percent bodyweight was applied to the limbs with the stifle in 125, 135, or 145 degrees of extension.

Results Stifle flexion angle influences femoromeniscal contact mechanics significantly. The load on both menisci was significantly higher for 125 and 135 degrees in comparison to 145 degrees. Additionally, the center of force was located significantly more caudal when comparing 125 to 145 degrees in the medial meniscus as well as in both menisci combined.

Conclusion The angle of knee flexion significantly impacts the contact mechanics between the femur and the meniscus. As the knee flexes, the load on both menisci increases
Computed Tomography-Based Body Composition is Related to Perioperative Morbidity in Older Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kifjak Daria , Prosch Helmut , Schwarz Stefan , Jaksch Peter , Weber Michael , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Schweiger Thomas
Published: April 2024

Background In older patients, a limited physical reserve is considered a contraindication for lung transplantation (LTx). Herein, we aimed to establish a computed tomography (CT)-based quantification of physical reserve in older patients scheduled for transplantation.

Methods This retrospective study included patients older than 60 years who received LTx. Semiautomatic measurements of the mediastinal fat area and the dorsal muscle group area in pretransplantation CT scans were performed, and normalized data were correlated with clinical parameters.

Results Patients (n = 108) were assigned into three groups (Musclehighfatlow [n = 25], Musclelowfathigh [n = 24], and other combinations [n = 59]). The Musclelowfathigh group had a significantly increased risk of wound infections (p = 0.002) and tracheostomy (p = 0.001) compared with Musclehighfatlow patients. The median length of intensive care unit stay (25 vs. 3.5 days; p = 0.002) and the median length of hospital stay (44 vs. 22.5 days; p = 0.013) post-LTx were significantly prolonged in the Musclelowfathigh group. Significantly more patients in this group had a prolonged ventilation time (11 vs. 0; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Body composition parameters determined in pretransplant chest CT scans in older LTx candidates might aid in identifying high-risk patients with a worse perioperative outcome after LTx.
Reconstructive Head and Neck Microsurgery in a High-Volume Cancer Center—Long-Term Impact of an Early Experience
Authors: Varghese Bipin T. , Thomas Shaji , Arora Sourabh , George Preethi , EM Iype , PG Balagopal , R. Aniraj , P. Vijayakumar , Simon Deepthi , Rao Amrita
Published: April 2024

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a 16-year-long outcome of an evolving practical approach to reconstructive microsurgery in a high volume, resource-constrained, head and neck cancer care setting.

Patients and Methods Seventy-three consecutive cases of free flap reconstruction done by the Head and Neck Surgical Oncology team of Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, from October 2004 to May 2020 were prospectively studied for flap viability, cosmesis, morbidity, and oncologic safety. The cases were selected based on their “emphatic” superiority to the conventional alternative as determined by two or more surgeons of the head and neck team or the recommendations of the head and neck tumor board.

Results With the long-term results, this article discusses and validates our strategy for controlled patient recruitment for reconstructive microsurgery to ensure the best resource utilization in a tertiary cancer care center.

Conclusions Adequate training and optimal application are the key factors determining success in microvascular reconstructive surgery in resource-constrained, high-volume cancer care facilities.
Comparative Analysis of Surgical Site Infections in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients: Hygiene Practices, Risk Factors, and Implications for Healthcare Costs and Mortality
Authors: Bukhari Syed Ibrahim , Shahid Muhammad Sohaib , Mushtaq Naureen , Saleem Hira , Laghari Altaf Ali , Ahmed Zahra Saeed , Anwar Shayan , Bashir Farrah , Fadoo Zehra , Mir Fatima , Altaf Sadaf
Published: April 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly impact pediatric central nervous system tumor outcomes. We present our data of SSIs and their influence on outcomes of pediatric brain tumor patients treated between January 2011 till December 2022. This study utilized retrospective data from patients' medical records. Chi-squared test was used for correlational analysis. Independent sample t-test was used for equality of means. Linear and logistic regression was done to review impact of independent variables on dependent variable. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier curves. Between 2011 and 2022, 336 pediatric patients (202 males, 134 females) were diagnosed with brain tumors. Majority patients (279; 83%) underwent surgery (91% elective). Commonest tumor site was cerebellum (84/279; 30%). Tumor resection status was gross total resection (29/279; 46%), subtotal resection (59/279; 21%), near total resection (48/279; 17%), and partial resection (20/279; 7%); while 32/279 patients (11%) had a biopsy only. Hydrocephalus was present in 166/279 patients (59%); while majority (160/166; 96%) underwent a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedure. SSI developed in 23/279 patients (8%), leading to delayed postoperative management in majority (15/23; 65%). SSIs were significantly associated with lower age of presentation (p = 0.01), less duration between symptoms and diagnosis (p = 0.00), performance of CSF diversion procedure (p = 0.04), increase in hospital stay (p = 0.00), delay in postoperative management (15/23; 65%) (p = 0.01), decline in treatment completion (p = 0.01), and poor survival (p = 0.01). Majority (171/279) of patients (61%) completed treatment. The overall survival of our cohort was 84.9% with a median follow-up time of 11 (interquartile range [IQR]: 36, 1) months. Survival was significantly lower (56.5%) in patients with SSI (p = 0.01). Median time to death was 18 months. Progression-free survival was 77.4% with a median progression-free time of 8 (IQR: 28, 1) months. Median time to progression was 9 (IQR: 24, 4.5) months. The incidence of SSIs in our cohort closely resembled that of high-income countries. Risk factors for SSIs included younger age, a shorter time between symptom onset and surgery, undertaking of CSF diversion procedures. Adverse effects of SSIs included increased costs, delays in postoperative management, incomplete treatment, and higher mortality rates. This study emphasizes the substantial impact of SSIs on healthcare resources and patient well-being.