bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Invisible Threat: Understanding Effects of Micro- and Nano-Plastics on Human Health and Environment
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Halisahar High School (H.S.), West Bengal, India., Chakraborty Arindam , Mondal Rima , Ali Saheli ,   Department of Zoology, Santipur College, Nadia, West Bengal, India, Sen Koushik ,   Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, West Bengal, India, Roy Karmakar Susanta ,   Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Roychoudhury Shubhadeep ,   Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
Published: March 2024

Micro- and nano-plastic (MNPs) pollution has now become a global environmental threat that has persisted for the past few decades. Although large-scale experimental research evidence is still lacking, it has been found from a few research works that micro- and nano-plastic (MNPs) pollution has a significant negative impact not only on the environment but also on human health and well-being. This review aims to understand three main routes of human exposure to MNPs: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. It further demonstrates the potential routes through which these MNPs are translocated to different tissues such as the lungs, intestines, and skin, damaging these organ systems. This correlation is significant with the studies conducted on both in vivo animal models and in vitro human-derived cell culture methods. Long-term exposure to MNPs could cause respiratory, excretory, immunogenic, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disruption. Some available reports also suggest that prolonged exposure to MNPs in humans could lead to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, reproductive problems, congenital deformities of embryos, and even some forms of cancers. Although direct evidence supporting all of these effects of MNPs on human health and wellness is very limited, extensive research works are still needed not only to support these claims quantitatively but also to assess the potential threats for the future that might endanger human health and civilization.
Scientific Mud Crab Culture Practices in Sundarbans Delta: A Step Towards the Betterment of Sundarbans People
Authors:   Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Diamond Harbour – 743368, West Bengal, India., Bhowmik Biplab , Basu Lisa ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Diamond Harbour – 743368, West Bengal, India, Roy Priya ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Diamond Harbour – 743368, West Bengal, India.
Published: March 2024

Sundarbans means ‘beautiful forest’. This largest mangrove ecosystem is home to a huge species diversity—from mammals to reptiles, birds to fishes, crabs to zooplanktons. This densely populated area becomes increasingly vulnerable due to devastating cyclones, floods, and rising sea levels, which most significantly affect the lives of the people in the Sundarbans. Mud crab farming has become a beacon of hope for those belonging to the Sundarbans. This farming paves the way for employment opportunities, supports the economic lifestyle of the people, and helps establish women’s empowerment in such adverse areas. This small-scale, profitable business has a high market demand in both national and international markets. This farming requires little capital and has low labour costs. If the traditional way of farming can be combined with science-based, improved practices of mud crab culture, it can be highly beneficial for the future. These scientific methods can be instrumental in increasing production rates, elevating the protein value of crab meat, and combating mud crab diseases to reduce mortality rates. Thus, mud crab farming can be a profitable alternative livelihood for the disaster-prone people of Sundarbans, exploiting its underutilized and unutilized brackish water resources by developing appropriate management practices through participatory planning and capacitating the community for implementing the same.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Jaya Umban , Sinta Rahmawati Sri
Published: March 2024

This study aims to see the effect of individual caracteristics and work environment on employee productivity of PT. Pratama Abadi Industri (JX) Sukabumi esspecially part Nosew UPS ( Upper Production Supporting). This study uses an associative quantitative approach using a questionnaire distributed to 100 samples with purposive sampling technique which has criteria as active employees of PT. Pratama Abadi Industri (JX) Sukabumi esspecially part of Nosew PT. Pratama Abadi Industri (JX). Testing instruments in research using validity and reliability tests, data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis, using classic assumption tests consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) individual caracteristics has a positive effect on employee productivity, as evidenced by the t value of -2,329 and the regression coefficient having a positive value of 0,255; (2) work environment has a positive effect on the employee productivity, as evidenced by the t value of 6,725 and the regression coefficient having a positive value of 0,635; and (3) individual caracteristics and work environment have a positive effect on on the employee productivity, as evidenced by the results of F count of 22,739 with a significance of 0.000. (4) The magnitude of the influence of individual caracteristics and work environment on employee productivity is evidenced by the Adjusted value R square of 0,319 indicating that the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable is 31,9% and the remaining 68,9% applies to other variables outside this research model.
Metabesity: The sword with two edges
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Kashif , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Karim Imran , Memon Shagufta Laila , Jabeen Shafaq , Raza Samar
Published: March 2024

Pakistan is positioned among the top ten countries in terms of the prevalence of obesity, which exposes its citizens to a heightened risk of developing metabolic disorders and metabolic conditions. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, manifest concurrently with obesity and other metabolic disorders. Weight gain is additionally correlated with cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, as well as accelerated ageing, in addition to the aforementioned complications1. Metabolic conditions are distinguished by an intricate interplay of genetic, behavioural, and metabolic elements; thus, comprehensive management protocols are especially crucial, especially for the population of Pakistan. For this purpose, standardized guidelines and literature that had undergone rigorous evaluation were consulted, including those established by the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE). Regular examinations for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, a uniform set of diagnostic criteria, are advised by established protocols for the management of metabesity. Risk assessment involves the evaluation of several physiological parameters, including fasting blood sugar levels (>99mg/dL), high blood pressure (>135/85mmHg), and waist circumference (>90cm in men and >80cm in women in accordance with Asian-based guidelines). The lipid profile (HDL <40mg/dl in men and <50mg/dl in women) is also assessed2,3.
Assessment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhotic Liver Patients
Authors: Rind Muhammad Aslam , Hussain Fida , Nazir Maria , Rind Saleem
Published: March 2024

Background: PVT has a number of frequent causes, including cirrhosis of the liver, abdominal inflammation, tumour invasion, and thrombophilic disorders. Aim: To find out how frequently liver cirrhosis patients get portal vein thrombosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan's from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021.One hundred and twenty eight patients were enrolled. The demographic information like age, sex, and body mass index were noted. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients and history of thromboembolism propensity were excluded. Both male and female patients with hepatic cirrhosis and age ranged from 20 to 50 were included. The monitoring of portal vein thrombosis, Doppler ultrasonography was performed on all patients. Results: There were 40(34.4%) female patients and 84(65.6%) male patients with average age was 51.95 7.54 years and BMI was 31.87 2.64 kg/m2. Seventy nine patients (61.7%) had hepatitis C, 50 patients (39.3%) had hepatitis B, 66 patients (51.6%) had diabetes mellitus, 81 patients (63.3%) had hyperlipidaemia, and 69 patients (57.9%) had hypertension. The prevalence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was 81(63.3%), with 48(59.3%) of the cases involving men and 33 (40.7%) involving females. Of them, 25 patients (50%) had hepatitis B and 44 (55.7%) had hepatitis C. Conclusion: Patients with liver cirrhosis experienced portal vein thrombosis often, and hepatitis C patients made up the majority of those afflicted. Keywords: Thrombosis, Portal vein, Liver cirrhosis, thrombophilic disorders
Frequency of Neonatal Hypothermia in Preterm Infants Wrapped with and without Plastic Bag after delivery
Authors: Pervaiz Faiza , Iqbal Maria , Ejaz Nadia , Akram Mahjabeen , Fatima Sahar , Shoukat Rafia
Published: March 2024

Background: Preterm birth accompanies many complications including hypothermia that worsens neonatal health and may result in fatality if left untreated. Globally, plastic wraps are being used as a low-cost and effective method to maintain temperature. Aim: To compare frequency of neonatal hypothermia in preterm infants wrapped with and without plastic bag after delivery. Study design: This was randomized control trial. Methodology: This study was conducted using at Pediatrics department of SIMS hospital, Lahore, during 6 months. Data was collected using non-probability, consecutive sampling from a sample of 92 (46 newborns in each group). Infants randomized to group-B (no bag group) received standard hospital care based on WHO thermoregulation of the newborn protocol. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 23. Results: In plastic wrap group there were 32(69.57%) male and 14(30.43%) female cases while in no wrap group there were 27(58.70%) male and 19(41.30%) female cases, p-value >0.05. The median temperature after one hour was higher in plastic wrap and no wrap group was 37.6±0.7 and 36.85±1.80c respectively, p-value < 0.05. There were 3(6.5%) cases in plastic wrap group and 15(32.6%) of the cases in no wrap group who developed hypothermia, the frequency of hypothermia was statistically less in wrap group when compared with no wrap group, p-value <0.05. Practical Implication: However, there is limited literature in Pakistan that compares temperature maintenance among neonates wrapped and unwrapped with plastic bags. This investigation will help find better answers to this problem. Conclusion: It is concluded that the preterm infants wrapped with plastic bag after delivery had less frequency of neonatal hypothermia after 1 hour. Plastic wraps are effective, low cost and low resource friendly method that should be opted for temperature maintenance of preterm babies. Keywords: Hypothermia, Preterm Birth, Hyperthermia, plastic wraps, Neonates and Temperature.
Unveiling Opinions: Exploring the Public’s View on Clinical Autopsies
Authors: Naz Ramlah , Fatima Mehreen , Rehman Syed Inamul , Rasool Raffat , Imran Shahla , Waseem Farah
Published: March 2024

Background: Clinical autopsy is an invaluable tool useful to identify causes of death and to uncover unknown and unexpected diseases which aids in raising awareness of common and rare diseases in a community. Clinical autopsy is essential to study pattern of morbid diseases that aids in formation of effective healthcare policies. Aim: To investigate the views of the general public on clinical autopsies in order to determine general conceptions and misconceptions that may aid in further a discussion and investigations. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Forensic Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan from October 2022 till March 2023. Data was collected from 300 participants using a 15-item questionnaire distributed to general population from various parts of Karachi selected by convenient sampling. Results: 46% were aware of term clinical/medical autopsy. 77% acknowledged medical and social role of clinical autopsies. Less than 50% could differentiate between clinical and medico legal autopsy. 50% are of the opinion that autopsy should not be conducted in natural deaths. 55% and 64% of the participants were of the opinion that clinical autopsy can improve future lives of people and provide diagnostic and curative strategies respectively. Participants of the study were unsure about the Islamic perspective of autopsy. 57% agreed to give consent for autopsy in society’s best interest. Conclusion: The large majority is uncertain about autopsy given their religious and personal views but it also reveals many acknowledge its possible utility in medicine and in bereavement process. Therefore, despite lack of research and public discourse, it provides us with data that may encourage and aid further research and discussion about acceptance of autopsy as a viable diagnostic tool. Keywords: Autopsy, Clinical autopsy, Medical autopsy, Pakistan
Comparison of Efficacy of Single Application Topical 5% Permethrin versus Single Dose Oral Ivermectin in the Treatment of Scabies
Authors: Tahir Sattar Rao Muhammad , Malik Naveed Akhtar , Riaz Umair , Khalid Abrar Ahmad , Jabin Ismat , Warraich Furqan Khan
Published: March 2024

Aim: To compare the efficacy of a single application of topical 5% permethrin versus a single dose of oral ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: Randomized controlled trial. Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021. Sixty scabies patients of both genders were included. 30 patients for 5% permethrin cream (group A), and 30 patients for the oral ivermectin group (group B). Follow-up with patients was done at weeks 1 and 2 after treatment. Age in this study was > 5 years. Results: The mean of age was 27.700±8.43 years, duration of disease was 5.133±1.71 weeks, and weight was 71.366±11.31 kg in Group A, while in Group B, age was 30.366±9.37 years, duration of disease was 4.700±1.55 weeks, and weight was 73.433±10.82 kg. Efficacy was observed in 22 (73.3%) patients in group A and 21 (70%) patients in group B (P = 0.775). Conclusion: There is no significant efficacy difference between topical permethrin and oral ivermectin in treatment of scabies. Keywords: Efficacy, Permethrin, Ivermectin, Scabies
Parent’s Perspective about Intelligibility of Speech in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Khan Muzna , Firdous Aayeshah , Rehman Atia ur , Hameed Sadaf , Zulqarnain Zunaira , Farid Ghulam
Published: March 2024

Background: The term cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a collection of long-term abnormalities of posture and movement development that limit an individual's activities. These abnormalities are thought to be caused by non-progressive disruptions in the growing fetal or infant brain. Aim: To identify the speech Intelligibility of children with cerebral palsy with different communicative partners Methods: This study employed convenient sampling over two months, conducted within the Pakistan Society for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PSRD) and Rising Sun Institute for Special Children. Data collection involved the ICS questionnaire, capturing parents' ratings on their child's speech intelligibility in various social contexts. Results: Out of 119 participants, predominantly aged 4 to 12 years, the study revealed varying levels of speech intelligibility. Scores on the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS). Parents exhibited a high level of understanding, with a mean score of 4.32±0.96 SD, signifying a substantial level of intelligibility. Immediate family members, extended family members, and the child's teachers also demonstrated relatively high mean scores, ranging from 3.91 to 3.87. In contrast, strangers had a markedly lower mean score of 2.94±1.49 SD, indicating heightened challenges in comprehending the speech of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion: The speech of children with cerebral palsy is most easily understood by parents, while strangers encounter more significant challenges. This reinforces the crucial role of familiarity in shaping speech intelligibility for these children. The observed difficulties in communication with unfamiliar individuals emphasize the need for targeted interventions and support to address the unique challenges faced by children with cerebral palsy in diverse social contexts. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Speech Intelligibility, Parental Perspective, Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS)
Open Cholecystectomy in a 6 year old child
Authors: Hafeez Zahid , Ahmad Muhammad Omar , Ahmad Saad
Published: March 2024

Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) in children has become more evident in recent times1,2. The prevalence of cholelithiasis has risen recently and ranges from 1.9% to 4% in children. This is partially due to childhood obesity and the widespread use of ultrasound2,5. There is an increase in the number of Cholecystectomies being performed by pediatric surgeons due to technological advances in early ultrasound cholelithiasis diagnosis and minimally invasive surgical management6..
Comparison of Short Term Neurological Outcome in Patients of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Erythropoietin Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate
Authors: Jabeen Meh , Razzaq Athar , Ijaz Muhammad Wasif , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Gul Fareeha , Shad Zahid Siddique
Published: March 2024

Aim: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates remains a significant challenge in medical practice, requiring effective and reliable treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) and Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) have been explored as potential therapies, but a direct comparison of their effectiveness has been lacking. Method: This study compared the effects of EPO and Intravenous MgSO4 in a sample of 38 neonates, evenly distributed between the two treatment groups. Parameters including maternal age, gestational age, neonatal age, weight, and several biochemical variables were assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted to reveal any significant differences between the two groups. Results: The evaluation across various parameters revealed no significant differences between the two treatments. All the tested variables, including primary outcomes such as HB levels, showed a similarity in the overall impact of Erythropoietin and Intravenous MgSO4, with p-values consistently above 0.05. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both Erythropoietin and Intravenous MgSO4 exhibit comparable effects in the treatment of neonates with HIE. The lack of significant differences prompts a need for further research to understand the nuanced differences and potential applications of each treatment method. These insights will be instrumental in guiding future therapeutic strategies for HIE. Keywords: Neonates, Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Erythropoietin, Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate, Treatment Comparison, Biochemical Variables.
Influence of Hypoalbuminemia on Methotrexate Clearance in Children Receiving High Dose Methotrexate Therapy
Authors: Batool Zehra , Yasmeen Nuzhat , Tariq Rabia , Khan Muhammad Wasim , Shaheen Hijab
Published: March 2024

Aim: Methotrexate, a structural counterpart of folic acid, is well recognized as a very efficacious pharmaceutical agent utilized in the treatment of several pediatric oncological conditions. A high-dose methotrexate is employed as a therapeutic intervention for a diverse range of malignant conditions including leukemia, lymphomas, and osteosarcoma. Hypoalbuminemia also decreases the methotrexate clearance leading to increased toxicity. Objective: To determine the frequency of side effects among patients receiving high dose methotrexate therapy based on baseline albumin levels. Study Design: A quasi-experimental trial was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from January 1, 2023, to July 31, 2023. A total of thirty-four children receiving HDMTX were enrolled in the study. Albumin level, grade of liver toxicity, renal function tests, gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity, and mucositis were noted. Length of stay and methotrexate level at 24 hours were also noted. All the information was recorded in proforma.
Assessment of Mandibular Asymmetry Using the Orthopantogram and Posteroanterior Cephalogram: A Comparative Study
Authors: Waseem Novaira , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Malik Amna
Published: March 2024

Aim: The objective of this study is to assess and correlate the measurements of mandibular asymmetries using a posteroanterior (PA) cephalogram and an orthopantomogram (OPG). . Materials & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms were obtained from 66 patients aged between 12 and 35 years. Linear mandibular measurements were then identified and evaluated for discrepancies between the two imaging techniques. The comparison of orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms involved a paired t-test to assess all linear mandibular parameters. To further compare orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms, an independent sample t-test was conducted using SPSS version 22.0.
Incidence of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Induced Versus Normal Labour
Authors: Jamil Sumaira , Majeed Tayyaba , Naureen Rubina , Sheraz Muhammad Abdullah , Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan
Published: March 2024

Aim: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss exceeding 500 mL within 24 hours of childbirth, remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. PPH can result in severe complications, including anemia, transfusion requirements, organ dysfunction, and even maternal death. Prompt recognition, effective management, and risk reduction strategies are essential for improving maternal outcomes. Objective: To examine the cause and frequency of Postpartum Hemorrhage (“PPH”) in induced versus normal labour. Methods: This research was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Unit no.2 at the Central Park Teaching Hospital. The research was conducted on three hundred and ten (310) patients, who were classified into two equal groups for the purposes of fair comparison. Group 1 consisted of one hundred and fifty-five (155) women who were either induced or had a cesarian section whereas Group 2 had one hundred and fifty-five (155) women who underwent a normal labour. The study was conducted in a six (6) month time duration from May 2023 to July 2023, the reason for PPH was observed and recorded in both groups. The patients and the hospital were informed beforehand of the research and written, and at times oral, consents were taken from both for recording the information below. Results: After examining both Group 1 and Group 2, it was observed that induced labour was associated with 5.8% higher risk of PPH as compared to normal labour. It was further observed that frequency of PPH was highest in women induced by oxytocin as compared to women induced by prostaglandin. Practical Implications: It will help in early and prompt management of labour and it also suggest that labour shouldn’t be induced until unless it’s indicated otherwise it can lead to post-partum hemorrhage. Conclusions: The risk of PPH increases with inducing the labour as compared to normal labour which is why a patient should only be induced in case of utmost emergency. Moreover, if such an emergency does arise, one should use prostaglandin as they are safer than oxytocin. Keywords: Postpartum Hemorrhage, Induction, Induced Labour, Labour, Spontaneous Labour, Normal Labour
Evaluation of Apical Root Resorption during Alignment Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study
Authors: Waseem Novaira , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Malik Amna
Published: March 2024

Purpose: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a permanent shortening of the root apex, often detected through radiographic imaging, characterized by the loss of the protective outer layer.To evaluate the apical root resorption during alignment phase of fixed orthodontic treatment Method: Prospective Study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontic, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, and Multan from 6th October 2020 to 5th April 2021. The study included a 110 patients aged between 18 and 25 years. The evaluation of External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) was conducted prior to and following the therapy. In order to carry out this assessment, a group of 110 patients underwent periapical radiographs utilizing the paralleling approach. The radiographs were taken at the beginning of the treatment and then again at the conclusion of a three-month research period. Afterwards, the length from the incisal edge to the apex of all incisors was carefully measured using a vernier caliper. The difference in root length, measured in millimeters, between the pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) stages was measured and expressed as a percentage of the initial root length.
Severity of Maxillofacial Trauma in Motor Bike Riders among Helmet Wearers vs. Non-Helmet Wearers
Authors: Khan Shehryar Alam , Zulfiqar Gulraiz , Khan Shahzada Faiz Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Aim: To evaluate the severity of maxillofacial trauma in motorbike riders among helmet wearers and non-helmet wearers. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The setting was Jinnah Hospital Lahore from April 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021. Method: The study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from April 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021. The sample size of our study was 143 patients. The data were collected from the clinical records of individuals who had suffered maxillofacial trauma. Subjects engaged in motorcycle accidents with thorough case records and radiological studies met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 version. Results: In our study, the mean age of patients was 31.10±9.15, with 129 (90.2%) patients being male and 14 (9.8%) patients being female. 41 (28.5%) patients were helmet users, and 102 (71.3%) patients were non-helmet users. In our study, we also found the severity of maxillofacial trauma: 39.2% of patients had mandible fractures, 35.7% had zygomatic arch fractures, 65.7% had soft-tissue injuries, and 21.0% had dentoalveolar fractures. Observed the greater severity of maxillofacial trauma in non-helmet users with a significant p value (p<0.05). Non-helmet wearers noted more general comminuted fractures, loss of organs like blindness and loss of vision due to orbital fractures, more deep facial lacerations causing lifetime esthetic concerns, a greater hospital stay, and more expenditure at the hospital. Also, more trauma to teeth and injuries lead to a more expensive burden for tooth prostheses afterwards. In helmet wearers, there were fewer fractures, and patients had to stay less or didn’t need to stay at the hospital; they could continue with their daily routine work and job.
Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Association with Impulsivity among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Lashari Kulsoom , . Sangeet , Ilyas Muhammad , Bazai Raz Muhammad , Saahil Kartaar , Jawaid Rida , Kaleem Muhammad Bilal
Published: March 2024

Aim: With the increasing ubiquity of smartphones and their integral role in modern life, understanding the factors contributing to smartphone addiction, especially in high-pressure academic environments, is crucial. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of smartphone addiction among undergraduate medical students in Pakistan. With This research specifically explores the relationship between impulsivity, stress levels, social pressures, and smartphone addiction. Methodology: A structured questionnaire survey, comprising validated scales for each construct, was administered to a sample of undergraduate medical students across various years of study. The study employs a cross-sectional design and uses stratified random sampling for data collection. Results and Findings: The results indicate a significant positive association between impulsivity and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, stress levels and social pressures were also found to be positively correlated with smartphone addiction, suggesting a multifaceted nature of this issue. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on digital addiction and offer practical insights for educational institutions and policymakers. The study highlights the need for holistic intervention strategies addressing both personal traits and environmental factors to mitigate smartphone addiction. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are also discussed. Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Impulsivity, Stress Levels, Social Pressures, Undergraduate Medical Students, Digital Addiction, Pakistan
Effect of Infectious Diseases Specialist Consultation on the Management and Outcome of Patients in a Public Sector Hospital
Authors: Ismail Shumaila , Batool Farzana , Khowaja Danish , Shaikh Irfan Ahmed , Manzoor Sohaima , Khan Shameem Behram , Dhiloo Azizullah Khan
Published: March 2024

Aim: To assess the effect of infectious diseases specialist consultation on the management and outcome of patients in a public sector hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which a total of 313 patients were enrolled. This study was conducted in Dr Ruth Km Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. The study duration was 6 month from 1st January, 2023 to 30 June, 2023. Data were collected from the medicine, surgery and allied departments of Civil Hospital Karachi by the study investigators themselves. For statistical analysis we used SPSS Version 25. Results: We included a total of 313 patients in our study, with a mean age of 52.31±10.51 years and an average length of stay of 13.04±5.50. These patients were distributed across various departments, with 91 (29.1%) from medicine, 110 (35.1%) from surgery, and the remaining 112 (35.8%) from other allied departments. The majority of patients, 63 (20.1%), were diagnosed with bacteremia, while 52 (16.6%) had urine infections, and 56 (17.9%) experienced urinary tract infections (UTI). Other diagnoses included Ventilator-associated pneumonia/hospital-acquired pneumonia (17.9%), Mixed infections (3.2%), Necrotizing Fasciitis (11.2%), Peritonitis (9.6%), Pancreatitis (2.6%), Surgical Site Infections (SSI) (6.4%), Diabetic foot infections (4.5%), Osteomyelitis (4.8%), and Meningitis (3.2%) respectively. Patients were categorized based on the etiology of infection, revealing that 14 (4.5%) patients had unexplained fever. Additionally, malaria was found in 21 (6.7%) patients, Dengue in 32 (10.2%), Tuberculosis in 27 (8.6%), ATT-induced hepatitis in 9 (2.9%), Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in 148 (47.3%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 49 (15.7%), Fungal infections in 11 (3.5%), and Viral infections in 2 (0.6%). Regarding outcomes, 229 (73.2%) patients exhibited clearance of bacterial or fungal cultures, 13 (4.2%) showed no disability at the time of discharge, 229 (76.7%) demonstrated improvement in signs and symptoms, and mortality occurred in 1 (0.3%) patient. Conclusion: It was concluded that consulting with experts in infectious diseases has a major impact on patient management and results. Keywords: Infectious Disease specialist, management, consultation.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE MINOR. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT REGULATION IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR SANCTIONING JUVENILE OFFENDERS. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEASURES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE
Authors:   FDA, Vlădilă Lavinia Mihaela
Published: March 2024

This article aims to highlight the most appropriate way of sanctioning criminally responsible minors. Recent research, on which we will focus, has shown that the family and social environment determines a behavioral imprint in the minor’s upbringing, which can lead to both prosocial behavior and some deviant attitudes. Affirming the same idea, international regulations have taken up these conclusions and stated proposals for regulations to place juvenile offenders in an environment that will ensure a beneficial reorientation of their behavior. This is why, from the Beijing Rules to the Havana Rules, educational measures have been proposed as measures for punishing juvenile offenders, with a predominantly educational and secondary, punitive role. Adopting the same line of regulation, the current Criminal Code has created a new system of sanctioning juvenile offenders, involving only educational measures. We will reflect on this method of sanctioning, highlighting both the positive aspects of the present regulation and reflecting on the aspects that need improvement.
MIGRATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   FDA, Enache Nicoleta
Published: March 2024

Migrations and displacements are traditionally considered only as a negative consequence of the lack of adaptation of communities to disasters and climate change processes. However, it is also necessary to emphasize that migration often represents a fundamental strategy for the adaptation or survival of families to processes of environmental degradation. In this framework, it is important to consider migratory phenomena from the perspective of adaptation processes to climate change
THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AS A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors:   FDA, Petrea Alin
Published: March 2024

Although intensely claimed, the presumption still has an unclear outline, but which asserts its identity progressively and evolving through the European Court of Human Rights (to abbreviate E.Ct.H.R). jurisprudence. The Court delimits the material, personal and temporal scope of application of the presumption of innocence, using the category of "autonomous notions" and invoking the phrase "criminal charge". As for the content of the presumption of innocence in the practice of the E.Ct.H.R., a triple valence of the presumption can be seen: 1. obligation of non facere; 2. rule of evidence; 3. legislative rule in the matter of substantive law.
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Embedded Polystyrene Spheres
Authors: Ling Jen Hua , Lau Ji Wei , Lim Yong Tat
Published: March 2024

Polystyrene spheres can be used to substitute concrete in reinforced concrete slabs. Despite the weight, the structural performance of the slab would also be affected. This study investigated the behaviour of slabs containing polystyrene spheres under loads. Six specimens were fabricated and tested under the four-point load setup. The parameters studied included the diameters of the polystyrene spheres and the spacing between them. The polystyrene spheres reduced the slabs’ first crack load, stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength. The first crack, yield, and ultimate loads decreased by 22.3%, 2.1%, and 4.1%, respectively, when the polystyrene sphere’s diameter increased from 75 mm to 125 mm. As the polystyrene spheres’ spacing decreased from 50 mm to 10 mm, the first crack, yield, and ultimate loads dropped 14.2%, 9.2%, and 7%, respectively. Despite some limitations identified during the feasibility analysis, specimen SP3 was found feasible as a simply supported one-way spanning slab. In the specimen, the polystyrene spheres were 0.625 times the slab thickness in diameter and 2.5 times the concrete cover in spacing.
Salman Rushdie’s Novels in the Perspectives of Postmodernism in the Third Millennium
Authors: Ivanov Ivan
Published: March 2024

The text is dedicated to the novels of Salman Rushdie, one of the world's novelists of the third millennium, who preserve the importance and significance of postmodern fiction. Different novels from different decades are presented that employ a variety of postmodern practices and forms such as intertextuality, metafiction, heteroglossia, remitification, parody and the grotesque. The author builds a colorful world in which images and plots from the dynamic present, but also historical and mythological creatures and heroes are intertwined. Main attention is focused on the novel Quixote, which follows the lives of the fictional Quixote and Sancho in the very real American world. With a colorful palette of fantastic creatures, but also real characters from different eras, the author raises pressing issues about racism, consumer gluttony and obsession with the media spectacle. A brief review of the latest novel, Victory City, with which the author returns to India, building a magical, magnetic, fairy-tale world in which "the conventions of the outside world lose their meaning and melt away", but at the same time references are made to reality. In conclusion, the importance of Salman Rushdie as a global and postmodern author is reaffirmed.
The Anxiety of Gothic Kinship: Generic and Aesthetic Heterogeneity in E. T. A. Hoffmann’s Novel The Devil’s Elixirs
Authors: Kovachev Ognyan
Published: March 2024

In this paper I trace aesthetic and cultural-historical interactions between phenomena of the British Gothic literature and German Dark Romanticism in terms of cultural transfer. Focus of the study is the analysis of E. T. A. Hoffman’s novel The Devil’s Elixirs juxtaposed to Matthew G. Lewis’s The Monk. Works by Horace Walpole, Anne Radcliffe, Walter Scott, Friedrich Schiller, Carl Grosse, and others outline their Gothic context. The analysis traces the interplay of the verbal, the fantastic and the visual codes in the two novels and their synaesthetic interlocking, characteristic of the German author. The comparison includes characters and plot, intertextual, generic, ethical, and other aspects in Hoffmann’s and Lewis’s novels. Along with the Gothic, elements of the Bildungsroman and the Trivialroman are highlighted in The Elixirs. Also the motive of the double and instances of metafiction are analyzed in it. Critical works by E. Blackall, L. Doležel, R. Godal, M. Foucault, T. Todorov, and others were applied in my writing.
Confused in Time (Some Observations on the Latest Bulgarian Novels)
Authors: Kostova-Panayotova Magdalena
Published: March 2024

The report focuses on the “boom” of the new Bulgarian novel, on the themes, problems, the images that these novels discuss and on the reasons for this “boom”, offering its hypothesis about it. The text does not claim to be exhaustive in the analysis of the novels published in the last 3 years, since these novels for the period far exceed one hundred, rather it focuses on texts that have received literary awards or nominations, a fact that is sufficient to bring them to the fore in the analysis, but is not an indicator of their value essence. That is why the report seeks to bring out some general features of the novel boom, without making value comparisons, which are too early for newly published novels.
Psychotherapy Section Survey of Members 2023
Authors: Law Ho C. , Brostoff Erica , Devlin Laura , Hills David
Published: March 2024

This paper presents findings and analyses from a survey conducted by the Psychotherapy Section committee with the BPS Research Team to understand the needs and perspectives of its members. The online survey, carried out between 20 September and 23 October 2023, targeted 1237 members and achieved a 14% response rate. The results reveal a ‘U-shaped’ trend in Section membership length, indicating lower renewal rates after the first year. Key insights include a lack of awareness (34%) about the BPS Register of Psychologists Specialising in Psychotherapy (ROPSIP) and low social media engagement. The paper offers recommendations, including developing an onboarding process for new members, promoting ROPSIP, collaborating with allied organisations, continuing publications, improving social media impact, and ensuring interested members are actively engaged in Section activities. The findings underscore the importance of aligning Section strategies with member preferences for a more effective and inclusive approach.
Re-telling stories: A mixed method to evaluate the impact of Tree of Life metaphor on experiences of young refugees
Authors: Law Ho C.
Published: March 2024

The research assessed the effectiveness of the Tree of Life narrative approach in supporting vulnerable refugee children in schools. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, finding positive and significant improvements in areas such as self-confidence, future goals, school enjoyment, motivation, and parental understanding. No significant change was observed in participants’ pride in their cultural heritage. Qualitative analysis revealed seven categories, affirming the Tree of Life’s positive impact on participants’ lives, including increased confidence, positive behavioural changes, and improved social relationships.
MECHANISTIC OUTCOMES OF LIPID CORE ON SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), NH47, Sankari Main Road, Salem – 636 308, Tamil Nadu, India, Chacko Juna B. , Vijayasankar Gudanagaram R. , Venkateswarlu Bendi S. , Rajappa Margret C.
Published: March 2024

In our present study, solid lipid nanoparticles were fabricated by modified double emulsification followed by ultracentrifugation method. The SLNs of the anti-HIV drugs lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and efavirenz were synthesized using lipids Compritol 888 ATO, glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid and emulsifiers soy lecithin and Pluronic®F68. The synthesized SLNs were characterized for compatibility studies, mean particle size, PDI, zeta potential, surface morphology and entrapment studies. The higher amount of Compritol based SLNs formulation showed maximum entrapment efficiency with comparatively larger sized, homogenous particles. All the lipid based SLNs possessed no incompatibilities and showed high stability profiles. Based on the results of surface morphology, zeta potential and high entrapment efficiency values, the optimum lipid for SLNs formulation among the other lipids was determined to be Compritol 888 ATO.
Perceived leadership effectiveness and turnover intention in remote work: the mediating role of communication
Authors: Silva Fernando Antonio Pacheco , Velez Maria João Perdigão , Borrego Pedro José Vieira Borga Martins
Published: March 2024

In the evolving landscape of remote work, the intersection of leadership communication and employee turnover intention has become a major point of interest for organizational studies. This paper presents a quantitative investigation into how leadership communication is perceived by subordinates in terms of their leaders' effectiveness, and how these perceptions statistically relate to the subordinates' intentions to leave the organization. Judy and d'Amico (1997) predicted that remote work would become a reality in the following decades, with more qualified jobs demanding brains over muscles and physical presence in a specific location becoming irrelevant. Neufeld et al. (2010) explored the impact of leadership perception, also associated with perceived effectiveness, on the communication between managers and subordinates in the remote work environment. The objective of this study was to understand how leadership communication is perceived by employees in terms of direct leaders' effectiveness and how these two factors are statistically related to turnover intention. Turnover intention refers to the individual and voluntary decision to leave an organization (Anwar, 2016). Adopting a quantitative methodology, the study sought to contribute to both the scholarly discourse and practical understanding of remote work practices. In Aprial 2022, a diverse sample of 203 valid respondents was surveyed, inclusive of subordinates across 14 countries and leaders hailing from 30 nationalities. Results revealed a very strong positive correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.812) between leadership communication and its perceived effectiveness, suggesting that subordinates who regard communication highly also perceive higher leadership effectiveness. However, there's a significant yet weak negative correlation between leadership communication and turnover intentions (Spearman’s rho = -0.343), and similarly, between perceived leadership effectiveness and turnover intentions (Spearman’s rho = -0.299). The study did not find significant evidence of perceived leadership effectiveness mediating the relationship between communication and turnover intentions in remote settings, with a minor indirect effect (Spearman’s rho = -0.0271; p-value = 0.64), comprising about 14% of the total communicative effect on turnover intention. These findings contribute to the literature on remote work dynamics, stressing the importance of effective leadership communication for employee retention. Despite certain study limitations, like sample size and context specificity, the insights provided are valuable for organizational leadership and academia, underscoring communication's vital role in remote workforce management.
Método alternativo para torra de café especial utilizando o micro-ondas doméstico
Authors: Martins Gabriela Maria Borges , Silva Rodrigo Vieira da , Oliveira Natália Silva , Guimarães Claudinei Martins
Published: March 2024

A torrefação de café utilizando o micro-ondas doméstico mostra-se ser uma tecnologia promissora e alternativa para atender à crescente demanda da quarta onda do café. Nesse sentido, a torra do café especial na própria residência do consumidor pode ser uma alternativa para aumentar a qualidade da bebida, eliminando os grãos com defeitos e impurezas indesejadas. A torra realizada na residência, pelo próprio consumidor, além de permitir o consumo de uma bebida mais fresca e saborosa, também pode ser mais econômica e personalizada ao hábito, gosto e cultura de cada consumidor. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do uso do micro-ondas doméstico na torra de café especial e identificar o tempo adequado para obtenção da bebida de alta qualidade. Utilizou-se amostras de 80 g de café cru e micro-ondas doméstico de 1200 V na potência de 80%, realizando tratamentos com diferentes tempos (T1 = 3 minutos, T2 = 4 minutos, T3 = 5 minutos, T4 = 6 minutos, T5 = 7 minutos e T6 = 8 minutos) para a torra dos grãos. Avaliou-se redução da massa de grãos, além da classificação da cor de torra, segundo a escala ABG Agtron. Realizou-se análise descritiva quantitativa dos dados. O uso do micro-ondas doméstico foi eficiente como uma nova metodologia de torrefação caseira de café, mais rápida e com a facilidade de ser realizada no conforto da própria residência do consumidor. Os intervalos de tempo de seis e sete minutos são indicados para uma torra caseira de café no micro-ondas, para obtenção da bebida de alta qualidade. O micro-ondas permitiu uma torrefação de alta qualidade, em menor período de tempo, em relação ao método convencional, podendo ser realizada na própria residência e personalizada ao gosto e hábito de cada consumidor, principalmente o de café especial.
Salam Redaksi Vol 10.2
Authors: Sungkar Syakieb
Published: March 2024

Jurnal edisi ini membicarakan tentang Teologi, filsafat Paul Ricoeur, Derrida, David Hume, dan masalah etnik Tantra Bhairawa, suku Sakai, serta seni rupa dan sastra.