bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial development in survivors of childhood differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nies Marloes , Dekker Bernadette L , Sulkers Esther , Huizinga Gea A , Klein Hesselink Mariëlle S , Maurice-Stam Heleen , Grootenhuis Martha A , Brouwers Adrienne H , Burgerhof Johannes G M , van Dam Eveline W C M , Havekes Bas , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Corssmit Eleonora P M , Kremer Leontien C M , Netea-Maier Romana T , van der Pal Heleen J H , Peeters Robin P , Plukker John T M , Ronckers Cécile M , van Santen Hanneke M , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N A , Tissing Wim J E , Bocca Gianni , Links Thera P
Published: December 2017

Objective

The impact of childhood differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) on psychosocial development has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement of psychosocial developmental milestones in long-term survivors of childhood DTC.

Design and methods

Survivors of childhood DTC diagnosed between 1970 and 2013 were included. Reasons for exclusion were age <18 or >35 years at follow-up, a follow-up period <5 years or diagnosis with DTC as a second malignant neoplasm. Survivors gathered peer controls of similar age and sex (n = 30). A comparison group non-affected with cancer (n = 508) and other childhood cancer survivors (CCS) were also used to compare psychosocial development. To assess the achievement of psychosocial milestones (social, autonomy and psychosexual development), the course of life questionnaire (CoLQ) was used.

Results

We included 39 survivors of childhood DTC (response rate 83.0%, mean age at diagnosis 15.6 years, and mean age at evaluation 26.1 years). CoLQ scores did not significantly differ between survivors of childhood DTC and the two non-affected groups. CoLQ scores of childhood DTC survivors were compared to scores of other CCS diagnosed at similar ages (n = 76). DTC survivors scored significantly higher on social development than other CCS, but scores were similar on autonomy and psychosexual developmental scales.

Conclusions

Survivors of childhood DTC showed similar development on social, autonomy, and psychosexual domains compared to non-affected individuals. Social development was slightly more favorable in DTC survivors than in other CCS, but was similar on autonomy and psychosexual domains.
Tetrac downregulates β-catenin and HMGA2 to promote the effect of resveratrol in colon cancer
Authors: Nana André Wendindondé , Chin Yu-Tang , Lin Chi-Yu , Ho Yih , Bennett James A , Shih Ya-Jung , Chen Yi-Ru , Changou Chun A , Pedersen Jens Z , Incerpi Sandra , Liu Leroy F , Whang-Peng Jacqueline , Fu Earl , Li Wen-Shan , Mousa Shaker A , Lin Hung-Yun , Davis Paul J
Published: December 2017

The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer encompasses the activation of several oncogenic signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the overexpression of high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2). Resveratrol – the polyphenolic phytoalexin – binds to integrin αvβ3 to induce apoptosis in cancer cellsviacyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) nuclear accumulation and p53-dependent apoptosis. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is a de-aminated derivative ofl-thyroxine (T4), which – in contrast to the parental hormone – impairs cancer cell proliferation. In the current study, we found that tetrac promoted resveratrol-induced anti-proliferation in colon cancer cell lines, in primary cultures of colon cancer cells, andin vivo. The mechanisms implicated in this action involved the downregulation of nuclear β-catenin and HMGA2, which are capable of compromising resveratrol-induced COX-2 nuclear translocation. Silencing of either β-catenin or HMGA2 promoted resveratrol-induced anti-proliferation and COX-2 nuclear accumulation which is essential for integrin αvβ3-mediated-resveratrol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Concurrently, tetrac enhanced nuclear abundance of chibby family member 1, the nuclear β-catenin antagonist, which may further compromise the nuclear β-catenin-dependent gene expression and proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that tetrac targets β-catenin and HMGA2 to promote resveratrol-induced-anti-proliferation in colon cancers, highlighting its potential in anti-cancer combination therapy.
40 YEARS OF IGF1: IGF-binding proteins
Authors: Bach L A
Published: December 2017

Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1–6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions. However, subsequent studies showed that, although IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions in many circumstances, they may also potentiate these actions. IGFBPs are widely expressed in most tissues, and they are flexible endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulators of IGF activity, which is essential for this important physiological system. More recently, individual IGFBPs have been shown to have IGF-independent actions. Mechanisms underlying these actions include (i) interaction with non-IGF proteins in compartments including the extracellular space and matrix, the cell surface and intracellular space, (ii) interaction with and modulation of other growth factor pathways including EGF, TGF-β and VEGF, and (iii) direct or indirect transcriptional effects following nuclear entry of IGFBPs. Through these IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions, IGFBPs modulate essential cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy and angiogenesis. They have been implicated in a range of disorders including malignant, metabolic, neurological and immune diseases. A more complete understanding of their cellular roles may lead to the development of novel IGFBP-based therapeutic opportunities.
Genes Important for Schizosaccharomyces pombe Meiosis Identified Through a Functional Genomics Screen
Authors: Blyth Julie , Makrantoni Vasso , Barton Rachael E , Spanos Christos , Rappsilber Juri , Marston Adele L
Published: December 2017

Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates gametes, such as eggs and sperm. Errors in meiosis result in miscarriages and are the leading cause of birth defects; however, the molecular origins of these defects remain unknown. Studies in model organisms are beginning to identify the genes and pathways important for meiosis, but the parts list is still poorly defined. Here we present a comprehensive catalog of genes important for meiosis in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our genome-wide functional screen surveyed all nonessential genes for roles in chromosome segregation and spore formation. Novel genes important at distinct stages of the meiotic chromosome segregation and differentiation program were identified. Preliminary characterization implicated three of these genes in centrosome/spindle pole body, centromere, and cohesion function. Our findings represent a near-complete parts list of genes important for meiosis in fission yeast, providing a valuable resource to advance our molecular understanding of meiosis.
Asociación entre Seropositividad al Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina, Leptospira interrogans y Neospora caninum, y la Ocurrencia de Abortos en Fincas de Pequeños Productores del Cordón Lechero de Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Moreno Figueredo Giovanni , Benavides Ortiz Efraín , Guerrero Bernardo , Cruz Carrillo Anastasia
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar mediante un estudio de casos y controles, la asociación entre seropositividad a algunos agentes infecciosos y el reporte de alteraciones reproductivas en animales y fincas de la región de Boyacá, Colombia. Se consideró como «caso» a fincas (n=5) con una frecuencia de ocurrencia de abortos superior al 10% y como «control» (n=10) a fincas con frecuencias de aborto menor de 3%. En cada finca, se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 10 novillas, 10 vacas de 1er y 2do parto y 10 vacas de >2 partos. Se utilizó la prueba de seroneutralización para la detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (DVB), la prueba de microaglutinación para siete serovares de Leptospira interrogans y la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta para Neospora caninum. Las mayores seropositividades fueron para DVB (76.4%, 15/15 fincas), serovar Hardjo (23.1%, 14/15 fincas) y N. caninum (10.7%, 12/15 fincas), sin diferencias significativas entre fincas casos y fincas control. Se comparó el resultado serológico de cada animal como factor de riesgo frente a la condición de aborto encontrando un Odd Ratio (OR) de 10.11 para DVD y 3.88 para Hardjo. No se encontró asociación como factor de riesgo de abortos para los demás patógenos.
Biología Gestacional y Predicción del Parto en la Perra
Authors: Sánchez Riquelme Alfonso , Arias Ruiz Francisco
Published: December 2017

La gestación en la perra transcurre entre la fecundación y el parto, y su duración tiene importancia clínica. La compleja biología de los gametos y embriones influye en la duración de la gestación, cuyo lapso fisiológico fluctúa entre los 57 y 70 días. Este amplio rango puede estar influenciado por los métodos referenciales para la estimación del inicio de la gestación. El realizar montas o inseminaciones en base a detección de la ovulación permite estrechar el rango a 62 a 64 días. Una condición de alto impacto obstétrico es la gestación de un solo cachorro, la cual es más prolongada y representa alto riesgo de distocia. Dada la importancia clínica de una adecuada proyección de la duración de la gestación y de la predicción de la fecha de parto, se han desarrollado fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo de la edad fetal y tiempo al parto a través de la sistematización de la ultrasonografía gestacional.
Descripción y Evaluación Anatómica de Lesiones de Osteomielitis Mandibular en Alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Pezo C. Danilo , Rosadio A. Raúl , Manchego S. Alberto , Franco F. Francisco , Braga L. Walter
Published: December 2017

Se describieron las lesiones anatomopatológicas de casos clínicos de osteomielitis en 21 alpacas adultas, seis tuis y tres crías, mediante estudios clínicos y anatomopatológicos, verificando el número, grado y progresión de las lesiones. Se buscaron alteraciones de la parte molar, espacio edéntulo y parte incisiva de las caras bucal y lingual del cuerpo mandibular izquierdo y derecho. En todos los casos, las lesiones se presentaron en la mandíbula, mayormente en el lado izquierdo. La osteomielitis fue predominantemente grave en las crías, donde una hiperostosis, rarefacción, necrosis, involucro y secuestro desarrolla en menor tiempo que en adultos y tuis. Las lesiones leves fueron engrosamientos focalizados en la mandíbula izquierda, mientras que las lesiones moderadas y graves fueron multifocales en ambos lados, con la presencia de ulceraciones y fístulas directamente relacionadas con la progresión de las lesiones.
Trypanosoma spp en Ratas (Rattus rattus y Rattus norvegicus) de Dos Medioambientes: Mercados de Abasto y Granjas Porcinas
Authors: Carhuallanqui P. Andrea , Chávez V. Amanda , Pinedo V. Rosa
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de Trypanosoma spp en Rattus spp de mercados de abasto y granjas porcinas en Lima, Perú, identificar las especies de Trypanosoma spp mediante caracterización morfológica y biométrica, y correlacionar la presencia del parásito con las variables sexo, edad (juvenil y adulto), procedencia y especie. El estudio se desarrolló en ocho mercados de abasto de seis distritos (n=62 ratas) y en tres granjas porcinas (n=99) de tres distritos de Lima. Se colectaron muestras de sangre y se analizaron mediante la técnica de frotis sanguíneo delgado coloreado con la tinción rápida «Hemacolor» para determinar la presencia del parásito. La identificación de las especies de tripanosomas se hizo con claves internacionales con base a las características morfológicas y biométricas de los tripomastigotes presentes en frotis sanguíneos coloreados con Giemsa. Se identificó la presencia de T. lewisi en 22.5 y 21.2% de ratas en los mercados de abasto y granjas porcinas, respectivamente. Se halló una frecuencia de T. lewisi en R. norvegicus y R. rattus de 10.2 y 26.7%, en ratas machos y hembras de 21.1 y 22.0%, y en adultas y juveniles de 17.0 y 26.5%, respectivamente. No se evidenció asociación significativa con las variables procedencia, sexo y edad. R. rattus mostró un factor de riesgo significativo (OR: 3.77) frente a Rattus norvegicus para la presentación de T. lewisi.
Citología Endometrial en la Gata (Felis catus) Durante el Diestro
Authors: Sánchez R. Alfonso , Stamatiu S. Loreto
Published: December 2017

El propósito del estudio fue describir y cuantificar los hallazgos citológicos en el endometrio de la gata (Felis catus). Se obtuvieron 20 tractos genitales mediante ovariohisterectomía. Para establecer el estado del ciclo estral se evaluó la citología vaginal y se registraron las estructuras ováricas. Se determinó que todas las hembras estaban en fase luteal. De acuerdo con la presencia de cuerpos lúteos y folículos, se propuso una clasificación de la fase luteal en diestro temprano: cuerpos lúteos y folículos de 2 mm (n=3), diestro medio: cuerpos lúteos sin folículos (n=4), y diestro tardío: cuerpos lúteos y folículos de 0.5-1 mm (n=13). En los frotis de mucosa uterina se presentaron patrones morfológicos homologables a los descritos en la especie canina, destacando que es posible verificar una disminución de la proporción de células epiteliales endometriales normales y un incremento en la degeneración celular hacia la etapa final de la fase luteal (p<0.05).
Efecto de la Enterogermina (Esporas de Bacillus clausii) en el Comportamiento Productivo de Pollos de Engorde
Authors: Núñez Torres Oscar , Arévalo Castro Renato P. , Kelly Gerardo , Guerrero Jorge R.
Published: December 2017

En la presente investigación se evaluó el uso de un probiótico comercial, la Enterogermina (esporas de Bacillus clausii) en el comportamiento productivo de pollos de engorde suministrado en el agua de bebida. Se utilizaron 280 pollos de engorde machos de la línea Cobb de un día de edad y por 49 días. Las aves fueron distribuidas en cuatro tratamientos con siete repeticiones por tratamiento: T0 = balanceado (control), T1, T2 y T3 = balanceado + 0.25, 0.50 y 0.75 ml de enterogermina por litro de agua, respectivamente, en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar. T2 mostró una mejor ganancia de peso (2973 g) con relación a T0, T1 y T3 (2627, 2687 y 2831 g, respectivamente) (p<0.05). El consumo de alimento fue similar entre tratamientos (entre 6102 y 7084 g/ave); no obstante, T2 obtuvo la mejor conversión alimenticia (2.02; p<0.05) y mayor rendimiento a la canal (75.3%) que los demás tratamientos. El análisis económico reportó una rentabilidad de 25.84% para T2, en comparación con 0.19, 8.21 y 15.44% para T0, T1 y T3, respectivamente. Se concluye que la aplicación de enterogermina en dosis de 0.50 ml/l de agua de bebida mejora los índices productivos y de retorno económico en pollos de engorde.
Aislamiento y Detección Molecular de Cepas Emergentes del Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina en Lima, Perú
Authors: Castro-Sanguinetti Gina , Ramírez V. Mercy , More B. Juan , Manchego S. Alberto , Rivera G. Hermelinda
Published: December 2017

En 2013 se observaron cuadros clínicos sugerentes a PEDv en granjas porcinas de Lima y Arequipa llegando hasta el 100% de mortalidad en lechones y con resultados negativos a otros agentes virales como peste porcina clásica (PPCv) y gastroenteritis transmisible (TGEv). Por esta razón, el objetivo del trabajo fue aislar y detectar molecularmente cepas del PEDv en granjas porcinas de Lima. Se colectaron 37 muestras de heces y contenido intestinal de lechones entre 2 y 21 días de edad con cuadros clínicos sugerentes a PEDV procedentes granjas porcinas del departamento de Lima, Perú. El 94.3% (35/37) resultaron positivos al test de inmunocromatografía (IHC). El 97.1% (34/35) de estos fueron confirmados por RT-PCR en tiempo real que amplifica un segmento de 101 pb del gen ORF3 del PEDv. El control y las muestras positivas mostraron un ciclo umbral (Ct) entre 10 y 21 ciclos con una temperatura de disociación (Tm) de 77.7 °C. No hubo amplificación de TGEv ni PPCv utilizados como controles negativos. Todas las muestras positivas fueron procesadas para el aislamiento en la línea celular VERO-21 suplementado con 20 μg/ml tripsina. El 23.5% (8/34) de las células mostraron formas redondeadas y lisis en el cultivo celular entre el primer y segundo pasaje; sin embargo, solo la mitad (4/8) fueron confirmadas por RT-PCR en tiempo real. Este trabajo representa el primer aislamiento del PEDv en el Perú utilizando IHC y confirmado por RT-PCR en tiempo real.
Producción de Metano en Vacunos al Pastoreo Suplementados con Ensilado, Concentrado y Taninos en el Altiplano Peruano en Época Seca
Authors: Moscoso M. Juan E. , Franco F. Francisco , San Martín H. Felipe , Olazábal L. Juan , Chino V. Liz B. , Pinares-Patiño César
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la producción de metano en vacunos al pastoreo en el altiplano peruano en un pastizal de Festuca dolichophylla - Muhlenbergia fastigiata (Chilliguar), suplementados con ensilado y concentrado o taninos durante la época seca (agosto). El estudio se realizó en el Centro Experimental «La Raya», Cusco, Perú, ubicado a una altitud de 4200 msnm. Se plantearon tres tratamientos (T1: pastos naturales + ensilado de avena; T2: como en T1 + taninos; T3: como en T1 + concentrado). Cada tratamiento contenía cuatro repeticiones distribuidos en un diseño jerárquico. La determinación de metano se realizó con la técnica del marcador con hexafluoruro de azufre (SF6), siendo la frecuencia de medición por animal de 24 h por 7 d. El contenido de energía promedio en el pastizal fue de 4.1 Mcal EB/g, materia orgánica 91.8%, proteína cruda 10.3% y materia seca 91.1%. La producción de metano (g/d) para T1 fue de 421.7 ± 43.4, para T2 de 330.6 ± 66.7 y para T3 de 367.7 ± 116.5. La utilización de taninos redujo significativamente (p<0.05) las emisiones de metano frente al uso o no de concentrado.
Efecto Antimicrobiano del Aceite Esencial de Canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) sobre Cepas de Salmonella
Authors: Montero-Recalde Mayra , Revelo I. Jessica , Avilés-Esquivel Diana , Valle V. Edgar , Guevara-Freire Deysi
Published: December 2017

El efecto antimicrobiano del aceite esencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) sobre cepas de Salmonella choleraesuis y Salmonella typhimurium fue investigado. El aceite de canela se obtuvo a través del método de destilación por arrastre de vapor y sometido a decantación, almacenándolo en refrigeración a 4 °C. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos (10, 30, 50, 70 90% de aceite de canela) y cinco repeticiones. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria determinada del extracto se verificó al 50, 70 y 90% del aceite. En agar Mueller-Hinton se observó cero crecimientos de colonias con respecto a la Concentración Bactericida Mínima. La cepa Salmonella typhimurium presentó mayor sensibilidad al aceite de canela que la cepa Salmonella choleraesuis, en referencia al diámetro de los halos de sensibilidad.
Expresión de los Genes de los Receptores TCR-delta en la Mucosa Yeyunal de Crías de Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Mendizábal J Simón , Manchego S Alberto , Castro S. Gina , Ramirez V. Mercy , Sandoval C. Nieves , Pezo C. Danilo
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la expresión de genes del receptor TCRγδ (gamma y delta) en el epitelio yeyunal de 16 crías de alpaca aparentemente sanas, de 2 a 47 días de edad, mediante la cuantificación de ARN mensajero (ARNm) utilizando cebadores específicos. Se tomaron porciones de yeyuno (2 cm de longitud). El ARNm total de la mucosa de la porción media del yeyuno actuó como molde para la síntesis de ADN complementario mediante transcripción reversa (RT), seguida de un PCR-tiempo real para la amplificación y cuantificación de los ARNm de los polipéptidos que conforman las cadenas gamma y delta del TCR. Se utilizó el método 2-ΔΔCt para la cuantificación relativa de ARNm, teniendo como calibrador a dos crías neonatas que no habían consumido calostro. Las crías de 1, 2, 3 y ≥4 semanas de edad expresaron el gen gamma en 4.75, 6.78, 16.24 y 103.11 veces lo expresado por los animales calibradores, respectivamente, y el gen delta fue expresado en 9.43, 20.78, 25.08 y 146.46 veces, respectivamente. Los resultados demuestran que los genes gamma y delta se expresan en forma creciente con la edad, y significativamente a partir de la cuarta semana de edad (p<0.05), indicando que los linfocitos Tγδ se incrementan en la mucosa intestinal con la edad.
Degradación Ruminal de Dietas a Base de Biomasa Pos-cosecha de Amaranthus cruentus: Efecto sobre los Protozoos del Rumen y Producción de Gas in vitro
Authors: Barros-Rodríguez M. , Oña-Rodríguez J. , Mera-Andrade R. , Artieda-Rojas J. , Curay-Quispe S. , Aviles-Esquivel D. , Solorio-Sánchez J. , Guishca-Cunuhay C.
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la cinética de degradación ruminal de los nutrientes in situ, así como la digestibilidad aparente de los nutrientes, población de protozoarios del rumen y producción de gas in vitro de dietas a base de biomasa poscosecha de Amaranthus cruentus. La biomasa pos-cosecha del A. cruentus con el forraje de Pennisetum clandestinum se mezcló en base seca de acuerdo a los siguientes tratamientos: T1: 100% A. cruentus, T2: 100% P. clandestinum, T3: 75% P. clandestinum + 25% A. cruentus, T4: 50% P. clandestinum + 50% A. cruentus, bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los parámetros de degradación ruminal muestran diferencias entre tratamientos (p<0.05), obteniendo la mayor degradación efectiva de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y fibra detergente neutro (FDN) en T1 (423.4, 404.1 y 354.5 g/kg MS, respectivamente). La digestibilidad in vitro de la MS, materia orgánica (MO) y PC fue mayor (p<0.05) en T1 (60, 68 y 59%, respectivamente) y T4 (53, 61 y 51%, respectivamente). La menor producción de gas in vitro fue para T1, con una diferencia aproximada de 91 ml/0.5 g MS fermentable con respecto a los demás tratamientos (p=0.0001). La menor (p=0.0026) población de protozoarios Holotricos y Entodiniomorfos se observó en T1 (0 y 1.80 log10, respectivamente). Se concluye que la biomasa pos-cosecha de A. cruentus al incorporarlo a la dieta de los rumiantes puede incrementar la degradación y digestibilidad de los nutrientes y reducir la producción de gases de efecto invernadero y las poblaciones de protozoarios del rumen.
VARIATION IN THE OCCURENCE OF AFLATOXINS IN VARIOUS PROCESSED FORMS OF DRIED GINGER
Authors: Singh Bisht Dinesh , Menon K.R.K.
Published: December 2017

A total 30 samples of three forms of dried ginger viz whole, sliced and ground (10 samples each), were collected from different local markets of Delhi, India and analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxins with HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector. Aflatoxins in dried whole ginger were not detected, in dried sliced ginger the range of total aflatoxin was 3.64 µg/kg- 7.52 µg/kg and in dried ground ginger the range of total aflatoxin was 2.99 µg/kg- 5.25 µg/kg. The susceptibility of the various forms of the dried ginger towards aflatoxins contamination was in the order whole
FUNGAL DIVERSITY ASSOCIATED WITH PEARL MILLET PENNISETUM GLAUCUM L.) GRAINS FROM TAIZ GOVERNORATE, YEMEN AND THEIR AMYLASE PRODUCTION
Authors: Ibrahim Ismail Abdel- Hafez Sobhy , Ahmad Abdel- Sater Mohamed , Abdel-Gawad Hussein Nemmat , Abdul-WahapAL- Amery Eshraq
Published: December 2017

In Yemen, this is the first record on fungal diversity associated with millet grains. Grain- borne fungi were tested for NaOCl- treated and non- treated samples of millet grain collected from Taiz Governorate, Yemen using direct plate method on Czapek’s (Cz) and Czapek’s supplemented with 40% sucrose (Cz40S) agar media. A total of 48 species belonging to 20 genera were isolated. The highest count and number of genera and species were recorded in non- treated grains on Cz40S medium. This means that the majority of fungi associated with grains were osmotolerant/osmophilic. The highest frequencies were represented by Aspergillus flavus, A. niger aggregate, A. vadensis, Eurotium amstelodami, Pencillium duclauxii and Rhizopus stolonifer. Among 109 isolates screened for their ability to produce amylase enzyme, 81.65% could produce the enzyme, of which Aspergillus homomorphus (a new record in Egypt), Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium griseofulvum were the best producers. Hence, these fungi may cause degradation of cell walls and spoilage of grains. Moreover, it is important to determine which organisms might be associated with seeds and grains in storage causing quality loss through their growth and enzyme production. The early detection of these organisms is required to prevent their harmful effects.
IRANIAN PROPOLIS ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION IN WOUND MICE MODEL
Authors: Mahdizadeh Elaheh , HeidaryTabar Rezvan , Mahboubi Mohaddese
Published: December 2017

Propolis as a honeybee's product is famous for its biological and pharmacological effects. The subject of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the Iranian propolis ethanol extract against different kinds of microorganisms by disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay. Due to the high antimicrobial effect of propolis extract, the efficacy of topical propolis cream was compared with mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus wound infection model in mice.
The in-vitro antimicrobial evaluations showed the more sensitivity of Gram positive bacteria to propolis ethanol extract, followed by yeast. In wound infection model, propolis cream significantly reduced the log CFU of S.aureus,compared to placebo cream (p
THE ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFECT OF FOOD WRAP CONTAINING BEESWAX PRODUCTS
Authors: T. Pinto Crystal , A. Pankowski JarosÅaw , E. Nano Francis
Published: December 2017

Food preservation is a vital issue on a global scale. It reflects both the need to prevent food spoilage as well as the necessity for reduction in the occurrence of food-borne pathogens. Progress of technology allowed for the development of various techniques that inhibit the growth or activity of food contaminating microbes. In the last few years we saw creation of various types of antimicrobial food packaging systems. They contain active antimicrobial agents immobilized on a material that acts as a food wrap. In this paper we have tested the efficiency of Abeego, a commercially available food wrap, against representatives of different groups of microbes. The Abeego wrap contains natural products such as waxes and oils, which can display antimicrobial activity. We analyzed the ability of the wrap and its components to affect the growth and replication of various groups of microorganisms. We have discovered that the Abeego wrap was capable of significantly inhibiting the viable cell count of bacterial species – both gram positive and gram negative. However no noticeable antifungal or antiviral activity has been observed. This implies that Abeego wrap can act as an efficient mean of inhibiting the spread of food-borne bacterial pathogens, as well as contribute to preventing food spoilage.
INACTIVATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 ON GREEN BELL PEPPER BY CHLORINE DIOXIDE SIMULATING PACKINGHOUSES PROCESS
Authors: López-Cuevas Osvaldo , Andrés Medrano-Félix JosÃ© , Castro-del Campo Nohelia , Martínez-Rodríguez CÃ©lida , Chaidez CristÃ³bal
Published: December 2017

In this study, packinghouses spraying disinfection process was simulated to compare the effectiveness of aqueous chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on bell pepper surface. Bell peppers inoculated with 7.74 Log10 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 were placed in a rotary mixer (60 rpm), and sprayed with chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite. Chlorine dioxide at 5 mg L-1 during 20-30 s reduces from 7.74 Log10 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 adhered on bell pepper to undetectable numbers, while the exposition with chlorine dioxide at pH 6 and 8 during 10 s was necessary to reduce 4.25 and 3.90 Log10 CFU, respectively. On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite at 200 mg L-1 at pH 6 reduced 2.89, 3.25 and 3.54 Log10 CFU/bell pepper at 10, 20 and 30 s, respectively. Spraying disinfection process using aqueous chlorine dioxide was more effective than sodium hypochlorite applications, therefor chlorine dioxide is an effective alternative to reduce E. coli O157:H7 on bell pepper surface.
STRAIN IMPROVEMENT THROUGH MUTAGENESIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS TERREUS CJS-127 USING JATROPHA SEED CAKE AS SUBSTRATE
Authors: Bommasamudram Jyothna , Devappa Somashekar
Published: December 2017

Jatropha curcas seedcake (JSC), a byproduct of the biodiesel industry was utilized for the production of protease. To enhance the protease production, the parent strain of Aspergillus terreus CJS-127 subjected to UV (15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min) and chemical mutagenesis by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS-125, 250 and 500 mg). Two mutant strains designated as UV-6 and EMS-5 selected for optimization of protease production using JSC medium by submerged fermentation. Under the optimized conditions of pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, incubation period 72 h, inoculum 105/ml spores, 150 rpm agitation, JSC at 2% level, the maximum protease production was 172.32 and 163.57 U/ml for EMS-5 and UV-6 mutant strains respectively. The addition of maltose (2%) was found to enhance the protease production in the mutant strains. The protease activity increased by 2.30 and 2.41 folds for UV 6 and EMS 5 mutant strains after optimization of cultural conditions.
BY-PRODUCTS OF DATES: OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION OF JUICE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Authors: Chniti Sofien , Jemni Monia , Bentahar Imen , Ali Shariati Mohammad , Djelal Hayet , Amrane Abdeltif , Hassouna Mnasser
Published: December 2017

The optimal extraction conditions were determined for by-product of date fruit by using the response surface design method. The obtained juice was used for the production of ethanol by fermentation of free cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Optimal conditions for date juice extraction were found to be 80°C, 60 min, 1:2 dilution (fruit on water ratio) according to the result of response surface analysis (Equivalents glucose: 219 g.L-1). Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed a preference for glucose over fructose and among the tested total sugar concentrations, namely 50, 100, 174 and 358 g.L-1, 174 g.L-1 appeared to be the optimal amount, leading to 70 g.L-1 ethanol concentration after 66 h of fermentation,; while an inhibitory effect of a high sugar content, 358 g.L-1 of total sugars, namely about 2 mol/L of monosaccharide like glucose or fructose was also shown. Overall, this study suggested that date juice can be utilized for ethanol production.
OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS SPECIES); A NATURAL FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Authors: E.A. Adebayo , J. K Oloke
Published: December 2017

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) is commercially important in the world mushroom market. It is widely cultivated and consumed in different parts of the world. Many people admire the mushroom due to its taste, flavor, high nutritional values, and some medicinal properties. Pleurotus are generally rich in proteins with essential amino acids, physiologically important polysaccharides and essential fatty acids, dietary fibers, important minerals, and some vitamins. The presence of some bioactive substances, majorly polysaccharide-protein complex in the genus Pleurotus has been reported to confer some pharmacological potential such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, hepato-protective and anti-allergic activities. The high nutritional value and potential medicinal uses suggest that the oyster mushrooms are pharmacologically important as functional foods.
CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKEN BREAST MEAT AFTER DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROBIOTIC GIVEN IN COMBINATION WITH BEE POLLEN AND PROPOLIS
Authors: Trembecká Lenka , Haščík Peter , Čuboň Juraj , Bobko Marek , Cviková Petronela , Hleba LukÃ¡Å¡
Published: December 2017

The present study evaluated the effect of probiotic in combination with bee pollen and propolis in diet of broilers on chemical and sensory characteristics of chicken breast meat. A total of 180 one-d-old chicks of mixed sex were randomly assigned to three dietary groups as follows: 1. control group (C); 2. basal diet supplemented with 400 mg bee pollen (ethanol extract) per 1 kg of feed and 3.3 g probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum) per day in water (E1); 3. basal diet supplemented with 400 mg propolis (ethanol extract) per 1 kg of feed and 3.3 g probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum) per day in water (E2). Chicken meat was analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash, cholesterol, and energy value. Diet did not affect the chemical characteristics of chicken meat, except for supplementation with bee pollen and probiotic which resulted in increased fat content. As for sensory characteristics, dietary groups differ from each other in terms of aroma and overall acceptability. In addition, there was significant difference between the E1 group and groups C and E2 in terms of taste and tenderness. Significant differences were also detected between group E2 and groups C and E1 group in terms of juiciness. In conclusion, propolis + probiotic-supplemented group manifested the best results in terms of sensory characteristics. Propolis extract can be thus recommended as a potential supplement providing rich nutrients and biological active substances in chicken diet that is (together with probiotic) capable of improving the sensory quality of chicken breast meat.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BLENDS OF PINEAPPLE-CARROT WINE
Authors: Adebanke Balogun Mutiat , Adunni Abiodun Olufunmilola , Lola Kolawole Fausat , Monday Oni Kayode and Olufunke E. Olushola Rowland
Published: December 2017

Study was conducted to develop non-alcoholic wine using pineapple (Ananas comosus) and carrot (Daucus carota) blend. Red grape wine was used as the control.Pineapple and carrot blends were mixed in varied in proportions. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were done on all the wine samples during primary fermentation and after aging for thirty days. Results of physicochemical analyses revealed that pH ranged from 3.80 to 3.20 while temperature was between 28 oC and 27 oC, total dissolved solids ranged between 0.13 to 0.15 % and sugar content (oBrix) varied significantly from 11.00 to 13.35. The specific gravity was between 1.04 and 1.07 while titratable acidity ranged from of 0.28 to 0.76 % and that of alcohol content was from 0.05-1.10 %. Vitamin C content varied significantly from 257.00 to 44.00 μg/ml. Samples were subjected to sensory evaluation and there was a significant difference in colour, clarity, sweetness, aroma, astringency and overall acceptability. From the quality assessment sample with 40% carrot and 60% pineapple juice was the most preferred sample by the panelist. Thus, non-alcoholic wine can be successfully produced from pineapple and carrot.
Pathogenicity determinants and antibiotic resistance profiles of enterococci from foods of animal origin in Turkey
Authors: Elal Mus Tulay , Cetinkaya Figen , Cibik Recep , Soyutemiz Gul Ece , Simsek Husniye , Coplu Nilay
Published: December 2017

In this study, the presence of genes responsible for the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance profile of enterococci isolated from various foodstuffs of animal origin was investigated. The percentage prevalence of enterococci was 54.1% (203/375) and the average count was found to be 3.81 log cfu/ml-g. Species-specific primers revealed Enterococcus faecalis as the predominant species carrying one or more virulence-associated traits of efa, gelE, ace, esp and agg genetic markers. Only one E. faecium isolate (from milk) was positive for the esp gene. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (21.7%), followed by quinupristin/dalfopristin (13.3%), ciprofloxacin (2.0%), penicillin (2.0%), linezolid (1.0%), ampicillin (1.0%), streptomycin (1.0%), and gentamicin (0.5%). Enterococcus faecalis showed a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance than other enterococci. The percentage of multidrug resistance among the isolates was 3.4%. Twenty-nine E. faecalis isolates (26.6%) carrying one of the virulence-associated traits were at the same time resistant to at least one antibiotic. Our results show that foods of animal origin, including ready-to-eat products, may be reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci.
DNA of free-living bodonids (Euglenozoa: Kinetoplastea) in bat ectoparasites: potential relevance to the evolution of parasitic trypanosomatids
Authors: Szőke Krisztin , Sándor Attila D. , Boldogh Sándor A. , Görföl Tamás , Votýpka Jan , Takács Nóra , Estók Péter , Kováts Dávid , Corduneanu Alexandra , Molnár Viktor , Kontschán Jenő , Hornok Sándor
Published: December 2017

Kinetoplastids are flagellated protozoa, including principally free-living bodonids and exclusively parasitic trypanosomatids. In the most species-rich genus, Trypanosoma, more than thirty species were found to infect bats worldwide. Bat trypanosomes are also known to have played a significant role in the evolution of T. cruzi, a species with high veterinary medical significance. Although preliminary data attested the occurrence of bat trypanosomes in Hungary, these were never sought for with molecular methods. Therefore, amplification of an approx. 900-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of kinetoplastids was attempted from 307 ixodid and 299 argasid ticks collected from bats, and from 207 cimicid bugs collected from or near bats in Hungary and Romania. Three samples, one per each bat ectoparasite group, were PCR positive. Sequencing revealed the presence of DNA from free-living bodonids (Bodo saltans and neobodonids), but no trypanosomes were detected. The most likely source of bodonid DNA detected here in engorged bat ectoparasites is the blood of their bat hosts. However, how bodonids were acquired by bats, can only be speculated. Bats are known to drink from freshwater bodies, i.e. the natural habitats of B. saltans and related species, allowing bats to ingest bodonids. Consequently, these results suggest that at least the DNA of bodonids might pass through the alimentary mucosa of bats into their circulation. The above findings highlight the importance of studying bats and other mammals for the occurrence of bodonids in their blood and excreta, with potential relevance to the evolution of free-living kinetoplastids towards parasitism.
Effect of temperament on cortisol response to a single exercise bout in Thoroughbred racehorses – short communication
Authors: Bohák Zsófia , Szenci Ottó , Harnos Andrea , Kutasi Orsolya , Kovács Levente
Published: December 2017

Temperament has not been taken into account in previous studies evaluating the stress response to exercise in horses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cortisol response in Thoroughbred racehorses to a single exercise bout, and to analyse the results based on the basic personality of the horse examined. Twenty healthy Thoroughbred horses were selected for the study based on a 25-item rating questionnaire survey used for characterising equine temperament. Eight temperamental and twelve calm horses took part in the experiment. The horses trotted as a warm-up activity, and then galloped on a rounded sand track. Blood sampling was conducted four times for each horse. Horses with a more excitable temperament showed a higher cortisol response to the test (P = 0.036). In conclusion, cortisol levels in response to a mild intensive exercise can be affected by temperament in horses. Serum cortisol may be a relevant marker to quantify individual temperamental differences in racehorses.
EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE CONTAINING Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE Al2O3-TiO2 PLASMA SPRAYED COATING
Authors: Ha Pham Thi , Ly Pham Thi , Tuan Nguyen Van , Quan Vo An , Quy Le Thu
Published: December 2017

In the present study, Al2O3-40% TiO2 composite coatings were fabricated on CT3 steel substrate by plasma spraying technique. The coatings were sealed with aluminum phosphate solution contained 5 wt.% Al2O3 nanoparticles and then heat treated at 400oC. The permeability of aluminum phosphate solution, phase composition, structure morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of the coating were studied. The study results phase composition of the coatings showed that the coatings were composed γ-Al2O3 and Al2TiO5 phase. The compounds AlPO4 and Al(PO3)3 were found in the coating sealed with aluminum phosphate. The presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles was increased the permeability of the aluminum phosphate solution into the coating. The coatings sealed  with aluminum phosphate contained Al2O3 nanoparticles have lower density, higher hardness and wear resistance higher than the coating sealed with aluminum phosphate uncontain Al2O3 nanoparticles and the unsealed coating.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE DNA EXTRACTION PROTOCOL FROM WOOD SAMPLE BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS – CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN
Authors: Thinh Du Phuc , Kim Hong Tang Thi , Biet Huynh Van
Published: December 2017

The DNA extraction is one of the first steps and plays animportant role in study on genome of any species on earth. Depending on the purpose and object of study, DNA can be extracted from various tissues.For plants, DNA is usually extracted from the leaves, seeds and young buds, in which these tissues are the best DNA source and can be extracted easily. However, the collection of sample from mature trees, which are generally tall, isdifficult and need more facilities. Consequently, it leads to be limited for the study scope.The proposed solutionis to use a wood tissue instead ofthe leaves, seeds and young due to they are easily collected. The problem is very difficult to extract high quality DNA from the wood tissue (Verbylaite et al., 2010). However, if the extraction of DNA from wood tissue would besuccessful, it would open up many research directions and could turn techniques that seemed unfeasible before into the effective solution. Extracting and analyzing DNA from dried wood and processed wood could be developed to explore the possibility of identifying the species and theirorigin. This could be greatly useful for determining the legality of wood log and wood products, and for deterring trade in illegal wood products (Tsumura et al.,2011). Currently, there are some commercialized kits, enabling DNA extraction from wood more easily,e.g. DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), Nucleospin Plant II (Macherey-Nagel), Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Fermentas) and innuPREP Plant DNA Kit (Analytik Jena). However, the commercial Kitsare expensive.  Meanwhile, there are some cheaper methods, applying for DNA extraction from wood successfully, such as SDS method (Edwards et al.,1991; Goodwin and Lee, 1993), protein precipitation protocol (Dellaporta et al., 1983; Fang et al., 1992), especially CTAB method, obtaining with a high DNA concentration (Doyle J and Doyle H., 1987). The DNA extracted by CTAB protocol is less pure; however, they are still suitable to use in molecular biology. The objective of this work was to optimize the conditions of CTAB protocol for DNA extraction from wood. The two parameters centrifugation time and volume ratio of isopropanol to solutions containing DNA that affect the yield and quality DNA were explored using the response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain the experimental design matrix. This approach has limited number of actual experiments performed where as allowing probing into possible interaction between these parameters studied and their effect on quantity and quality DNA.
Phase II Study of Panitumumab in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Small Bowel or Ampulla of Vater
Authors: Gulhati Pat , Raghav Kanwal , Shroff Rachna , Varadhachary Gauri , Javle Milind , Qiao Wei , Wang Huamin , Morris Jeffrey , Wolff Robert , Overman Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Lessons Learned

Panitumumab has no clinical activity in metastatic RAS wild-type small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) and ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC), possibly due to the foregut and midgut derivation of small bowel and ampulla. These results, along with findings from genomic characterization of SBA, suggest that SBA represents a unique intestinal malignancy and treatments should not be habitually extrapolated from colorectal cancer. Further studies evaluating the benefit of targeted therapies exclusively in SBA and AAC are warranted.

Background

Given the benefit of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer (CRC), we sought to evaluate the efficacy of panitumumab in metastatic RAS wild-type small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) and ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC).

Methods

We conducted a single-center, open-label, single-arm, Bayesian phase II trial. The primary objective was response rate (RR). Panitumumab was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 14 days.

Results

Nine patients (male/female 7:2, median age: 61 years [range: 40–74], Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status 0/1: 2/7) were enrolled from September 2013 to October 2015. One patient had AAC (pancreaticobiliary subtype) and eight patients had SBA (three duodenal, five jejunal/ileal). Acneiform rash was the most common toxicity. The study was stopped early due to futility with no responses, stable disease (SD) in two patients, and progression of disease (PD) in seven patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 2.4 and 5.7 months, respectively. No patients had extended RAS mutations (exons 2/3/4), but two patients had BRAF G469A and one patient had PIK3CA H1074R mutations.

Conclusion

Panitumumab had no clinically meaningful activity in patients with metastatic RAS wild-type SBA and AAC. Our findings may relate to the primarily midgut and foregut derivation of the small bowel and ampulla.
Checklist of the vascular flora of a portion of the hyper-humid region of La Chinantla, Northern Oaxaca Range, Mexico
Authors: Meave Jorge A. , Rincón-Gutiérrez Armando , Ibarra-Manríquez Guillermo , Gallardo-Hernández Claudia , Romero-Romero Marco Antonio
Published: December 2017

Background: La Chinantla, a topographically and geomorphologically complex region, and probably the most humid in the country, hosts a diverse but largely unknown biota, particularly at higher elevations.
Questions: How many plant species are present in La Chinantla? How are these species distributed along the elevational gradient encompassed in the region?
Studied species: Lycopodiophyta, Pteridophyta, Gimnospermopsida, Magnoliidae, Eudicots,
Monocots.
Study sites and years of study: We studied the flora of the La Chinantla hyper-humid region, Northern Oaxaca Range, southern Mexico, from 1993 to 2017.
Methods: We collected 2,654 specimens in 73 main localities distributed across an elevational range from 250 to 3,020 m (but concentrated above 800 m). Numerous experts in plant taxonomy examined the specimens and provided or confirmed identifications.
Results: The checklist of the vascular plants includes 1,021 species, 471 genera and 162 families of vascular plants. The specimens/species ratio (2.6) reflected a satisfactory collecting effort. The most diverse families were Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, and Orchidaceae, whereas the most speciose genera were Peperomia , Miconia and Piper . Most listed species are herbs (47.3 % of the total) and trees (35.2 %), whereas the terrestrial (85.4 %) and epiphytic (15.9 %) growth habits were the most frequent ones (some species presented more than one growth form or growth habit category).
Conclusions:Based on the magnitude of the current checklist, we estimate that the actual number of species in this region must be around 1,650. The recorded richness of vascular plant species of La Chinantla confirms the large diversity and uniqueness of its flora and calls for efficient conservations efforts to ensure its maintenance in the future.