bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult body mass is heritable, positively genetically correlated and under selection of differing shapes between the sexes in a bird with little apparent sexual dimorphism
Authors: Dumas Michela N. , St. Lawrence Sophia , Masoero Giulia , Bize Pierre , Martin Julien G. A.
Published: February 2024

In most animals, body mass varies with ecological conditions and is expected to reflect how much energy can be allocated to reproduction and survival. Because the sexes often differ in their resource acquisition and allocation strategies, variations in adult body mass and their consequences on fitness can differ between the sexes.

Assessing the relative contributions of environmental and genetic effects (i.e. heritability)—and whether these effects and their fitness consequences are sex‐specific—is essential to gain insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism and sexual conflicts.

We used 20+ years of data to study the sources of variation in adult body mass and associated fitness consequences in a bird with biparental care, the Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba). Swifts appear monomorphic to human observers, though subtle dimorphisms are present.

We first investigated the effects of weather conditions on adult body mass using a sliding window analysis approach. We report a positive effect of temperature and a negative effect of rainfall on adult body mass, as expected for an aerial insectivorous bird. We then quantified the additive genetic variance and heritability of body mass in both sexes and assessed the importance of genetic constraints on mass evolution by estimating the cross‐sex genetic correlation. Heritability was different from zero in both sexes at ~0.30. The positive cross‐sex genetic correlation and comparable additive genetic variance between the sexes suggest the possibility for evolutionary constraints when it comes to body mass. Finally, we assessed the sex‐specific selection on adjusted body mass using multiple fitness components. We report directional positive and negative selection trending towards stabilizing and diversifying selection on females and males respectively in relation to the weighted proportion of surviving fledglings.

Overall, these results suggest that while body mass may be able to respond to environmental conditions and evolve, genetic constraints would result in similar changes in both sexes or an overall absence of response to selection. It remains unclear whether the weak (1%) dimorphism in Alpine swift body mass we report is simply a result of the similar fitness peaks between the sexes or of genetic constraints.
An Entrepreneurial Lens on Backshoring Implementation by SMEs
Authors: Ancarani Alessandro , Di Mauro Carmela
Published: February 2024

Using the lenses of internationalization process theory and of effectuation theory, this study investigates how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) implement backshoring initiatives. A qualitative multiple case study is developed involving six SMEs that have relocated from China back to their respective home countries. The analysis illuminates SMEs’ perspectives on the uncertainty perceived when returning to the home country and on how SMEs dynamically manage their domestic commitment and network of relations. The study also sheds light on the different alternative approaches they employ during different phases of the backshoring process and on the outcomes of these initiatives. Notably, the study demonstrates that the conceptual frameworks commonly employed in the literature to explain internationalization can effectively be extended to the domain of backshoring. Successful backshoring for SMEs hinges on their accurate perception of domestic uncertainty and their dynamic utilization of both planning and effectuation implementation strategies. Conversely, the failure of backshoring initiatives can be traced back to SMEs’ misperception of their position within the domestic business network, a cognitive bias that can lead to suboptimal decisions and outcomes.
Navigating turbulent waters: The impact of business continuity management (BCM) practices on financial and nonfinancial performance of tour operator companies
Authors: Awang Ali Quratulain Syahirah , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Mogindol Spencer Hedley
Published: February 2024

This study examines the influence of Business Continuity Management (BCM) practices on tour operator companies' financial and nonfinancial performance amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Employing purposive and cluster sampling, a survey was conducted with 331 tour operators, and the study hypotheses were evaluated using Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modelling. Findings reveal that the organizational preparedness and embeddedness of continuity practices significantly influence both financial and nonfinancial performance. Additionally, management support and external requirements impact either financial or nonfinancial performance. The study reveals tour operator companies' resilience demonstrated through their continuity management skills, particularly in adapting to business challenges during the pandemic. The research contributes a fresh perspective on the interplay between BCM practices and organizational performance, emphasizing the importance of robust business continuity strategic planning for the future of tourism operator companies.
Impacts of tariffs and NTMs on beef, pork and poultry trade
Authors: Ridley William C. , Luckstead Jeff , Devadoss Stephen
Published: February 2024

Though tariffs have declined in recent years, the number of applied non‐tariff measures (NTMs) in meat trade has expanded. We estimate the impacts of tariffs and NTMs (sanitary and phytosanitary [SPS] measures, technical barriers to trade [TBTs], quantitative restrictions, and special safeguard measures) on beef, pork and poultry trade using a structural gravity model. Our baseline regression results show tariffs hinder trade, but SPS measures and TBTs on average expand trade for these three meat products. Using the estimates from our structural gravity model, we simulate the differential effects of declining tariffs versus proliferation of NTMs between 2003 and 2019. The simulation results show that tariff reductions during this period expanded global trade by a cumulative US$466.2 million for the three products, ceteris paribus. In contrast, growth in the number of NTMs caused global meat trade to rise by US$8.4 billion. Our findings thus suggest that the marked increase in the number of applied NTMs in recent decades has had a dramatically larger impact on global meat trade than tariff reductions.
CircCPA4 induces ASCT2 expression to promote tumor property of non‐small cell lung cancer cells in a miR‐145‐5p‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Liu Weiliang , Huang Tao , Li Junyan , Hu Hui , Xu Xinyu , Fan Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a type of lung cancer that occurs in the cells of the respiratory tract, and its development is influenced by the regulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the role of circRNA carboxypeptidase A4 (circCPA4) in the progression of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism remain relatively clear.

Methods

The study utilized both real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot techniques to evaluate the levels of circCPA4, microRNA‐145‐5p (miR‐145‐5p), alanine, serine, or cysteine‐preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2). To assess cell proliferation, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were performed. Apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry, while cell migration and invasive capacity were evaluated through transwell and wound‐healing assays. Intracellular levels of glutamine, glutamate, and α‐KG were measured using specific kits. The relationship between miR‐145‐5p and circCPA4 or ASCT2 was confirmed using dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay.

Results

CircCPA4 and ASCT2 RNA levels were elevated, while miR‐145‐5p was downregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cells. Depletion of circCPA4 significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and intracellular levels of glutamine, glutamate, and α‐KG, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, circCPA4 knockdown delayed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, circCPA4 was found to bind to miR‐145‐5p, thereby regulating the progression of NSCLC in vitro. ASCT2 was also identified as a downstream target of miR‐145‐5p, and its upregulation rescued the effects of miR‐145‐5p overexpression on NSCLC cell processes.

Conclusion

CircCPA4 knockdown inhibited tumor property of NSCLC cells by modulating the miR‐145‐5p/ASCT2 axis.
Efficacy and safety of local ablative therapy for patients with NSCLC and coexisting interstitial lung disease
Authors: Shao Chuchu , Zhi Xinxin , Mao Shiqi , Wu Leilei , Yu Jia , Yang Shuo , Wang Wanying , Jia Keyi , Luo Libo , Liu Xinyu , Jiang Tao , Zhou Fei , Chen Bin , Wang Lei , Gao Guanghui , Shi Jingyun , Chen Xiaoxia , Wu Fengying , Ren Shengxiang
Published: February 2024

Background

The effective therapeutic approach is still an unmet need for patients diagnosed with both lung cancer and interstitial lung disease (ILD). This is primarily due to the possible risk of ILD exacerbation caused by surgery or radiotherapy. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of local ablative therapy (LAT) for this specific population.

Methods

Consecutive patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD who received LAT between January 2018 and August 2022 were enrolled, and propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to match the non‐ILD group. The primary endpoint was recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs) and hospital length of stay (HLOS).

Results

The PSM algorithm yielded matched pairs in the ILD group (n = 25) and non‐ILD group (n = 72) at a ratio of 1:3. There were no statistically significant differences in RFS (median 16.4 vs. 18 months; HR = 1.452, p = 0.259) and OS (median: not reached vs. 47.9 months; HR = 1.096, p = 0.884) between the two groups. Meanwhile, no acute exacerbation of ILD was observed in the ILD group. However, the incidence of pneumothorax, especially pneumothorax requiring chest tube drainage, was significantly higher (36.0% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.005) among patients with NSCLC and co‐existing ILD, which resulted in longer HLOS (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

Although ILD was associated with a higher incidence of pneumothorax, the efficacy of LAT for NSCLC patients with ILD was comparable to those without ILD, suggesting that LAT might be a reliable and effective treatment option for this population, particularly in the early stage.
Distinction of ALK fusion gene‐ and EGFR mutation‐positive lung cancer with tumor markers
Authors: Akita Takahiro , Ariyasu Ryo , Kakuto Sho , Miyadera Keiki , Kiritani Ayu , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Amino Yoshiaki , Uchibori Ken , Kitazono Satoru , Yanagitani Noriko , Tasaka Sadatomo , Nishio Makoto
Published: February 2024

Background

It is difficult to predict gene mutations individually based on clinical background alone. Tumor markers may help to predict each gene mutation. Identifying tumor markers that can predict gene mutation will facilitate timely genetic testing and intervention.

Methods

We selected 134 cases of advanced or recurrent ALK‐positive and 172 cases of advanced or recurrent EGFR‐positive lung cancer from our clinical database. The cutoff values for the tumor markers were defined as 5.0 ng/mL or higher for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 3.5 ng/mL or higher for soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21‐1) in accordance with the institutional standards. A positive CYFRA21‐1:CEA ratio was defined as 0.7 or higher.

Results

The CEA‐positivity rate was 49% for ALK‐positive lung cancers and 73% for EGFR‐positive lung cancers, which was significantly different (p < 0.001). The CYFRA21‐1 positivity rate was significantly higher in ALK‐positive lung cancer (36%) compared with EGFR‐positive lung cancer (23%) (p = 0.034). The median CYFRA21‐1:CEA ratio was 0.395 for the ALK group, which was significantly higher compared with 0.098 for the EGFR group (p < 0.001). These trends were similar when excluding histology other than adenocarcinoma. The median time‐to‐treatment failure (TTF) for initial tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy was 308 days for the high CYFRA21‐1:CEA ratio group and 617 days for the low CYFRA21‐1:CEA ratio group for ALK‐positive lung cancer (p = 0.100).

Conclusions

A higher proportion of patients with ALK‐positive lung cancer were CYFRA21‐1 positive and had higher CYFRA21‐1:CEA ratios compared with EGFR‐positive lung cancer patients.
MoonShine: A software‐hardware system for simulating moonlight ground illuminance and re‐creating artificial moonlight cycles in a laboratory environment
Authors: Poon Lok , Jenks Ian T. , Crampton W. G. R.
Published: February 2024

Moonlight exerts profound ecological, behavioural and physiological effects on animals. However, lunar cycles are characterised by complex changes in the illuminance and timing of illumination, making it challenging to re‐create and manipulate moonlight cycles in the laboratory using artificial lights. As a result, ecological experiments on the effects of moonlight cycles are uncommon, and existing studies often oversimplify the re‐creation of moonlight. This limitation extends to experimental studies of the effects of light pollution on nocturnal animals, which often fail to adequately represent natural nocturnal light.

To address the lack of open‐source solutions for re‐creating and manipulating moonlight cycles, we developed the software‐hardware system MoonShine. This has two components: (1) MoonShineR, an R package with additional R scripts, which predicts moonlight ground illuminance (in lux) at defined intervals, for a specified location and time range; (2) MoonShineP, a Python program running on a Raspberry Pi computer, which uses the illuminance values from MoonShineR to gradually dim and brighten a diffused array of individually addressable LEDs, allowing realistic natural light regimes to be re‐created in a laboratory environment. MoonShine includes multiple features to re‐create and manipulate light cycles. It supports colour‐shifting of the LED light (by adjustment of RGBW intensity ratios) to approximate the spectrum of natural moonlight, and to mimic habitat‐specific conditions or certain types of light pollution.

We tested the accuracy of MoonShineR's moonlight illuminance predictions by comparison to field radiometer measurements at equatorial and temperate latitude sites. We demonstrated the accuracy of MoonShineP's moonlight re‐creation, by comparing its measured LED illuminances to the intended values and its measured LED spectrum against natural moonlight.

MoonShine allows researchers to re‐create a range of natural nocturnal lighting scenarios in the laboratory. It can be used to re‐create full natural moonlight cycles with a relatively realistic spectral composition, generate manipulated moonlight schedules, or simulate light pollution. Furthermore, the moonlight illuminance predicted by MoonShineR is useful for field ecologists who require moonlight as a quantitative model predictor. Finally, to provide laboratory‐housed animals with full diurnal light cycles, MoonShine allows researchers to re‐create natural twilight and sunlight regimes.
Haemodynamic effects of remifentanil during induction of general anaesthesia with propofol. A randomised trial
Authors: Sjøen Gunnar Helge , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Hauge Tor Hugo , Tønnessen Tor Inge , Langesæter Eldrid
Published: February 2024

Background

Remifentanil may have a dose‐dependent haemodynamic effect during the induction of general anaesthesia combined with propofol. Our objective was to investigate whether systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) was reduced to a greater extent when the remifentanil dose was increased.

Methods

This randomised, double‐blind, dose‐controlled study was conducted at the Day Surgery Unit of Haugesund Hospital, Norway. Ninety‐nine healthy women scheduled for gynaecological surgery were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive remifentanil induction with a low, medium or high dose corresponding to maximum effect‐site concentrations (Ce) of 2, 4 and 8 ng/mL. The induction dose of propofol was 1.8 mg/kg, with a Ce of 2.9 μg/mL. Anaesthesia was induced using target‐controlled infusion. After 150 s of sedation, a bolus of remifentanil and propofol was administered. Baseline was defined as 55–5 s before the bolus dose, and the total observation time was 450 s. We used beat‐to‐beat haemodynamic monitoring with LiDCOplus. The primary outcome variable was the maximum decrease in SAP within 5 min after bolus administration of remifentanil and propofol. Absolute and relative changes from baseline to minimal values and the area under the curve (AUC) were used as effect measures. Comparisons of groups were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Median remifentanil doses were 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 μg/kg in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups, respectively. The absolute changes (mean ± standard deviation) in SAP in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups of remifentanil were −39 ± 9.6 versus −43 ± 9.1, and −41 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. No difference (95% confidence interval) in the absolute change in SAP was observed between the groups (ANOVA, p = .29); medium versus low dose 3.7 (−2.0, 9.4) mmHg, and high versus medium dose −2.2 (−8.0; 3.5) mmHg. The relative changes from baseline to minimum SAP values were −30% versus −32% versus −32% (p = .52). The between‐group differences in the AUC were not statistically significant. Relative changes in heart rate (−20% vs. −21% vs. −21%), stroke volume (−19% vs. −16% vs. −16%), cardiac output (−32% vs. −32% vs. −32%), systemic vascular resistance (−24% vs. −27% vs. −28%), and AUC were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This trial demonstrated major haemodynamic changes during the induction of anaesthesia with remifentanil and propofol. However, we did not observe any statistically significant differences between low, medium or high doses of remifentanil when using continuous invasive high‐accuracy beat‐to‐beat monitoring.
Clinically significant differences in self‐reported pain scores in children with headaches
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Thiele Christian , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Dayan Peter S.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Changes in pain scores that represent clinically significant differences in children with headaches are necessary for study design and interpretation of findings reported in studies. We aimed to determine changes in pain scores associated with a minimum clinically significant difference (MCSD), ideal clinically significant difference (ICSD), and patient‐perceived adequate analgesia (PPAA) in this population.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of two prospective studies of children with headaches presenting to an emergency department. Two serial assessments were performed in children aged 6–17 and 4–17 years who self‐reported their pain intensity using the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) and Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS‐R), respectively. Children qualitatively described any endorsed change in pain score; those who received an analgesic were asked if they wanted additional analgesics to decrease their pain intensity. We used receiver operating characteristic curve–based methodology to identify changes in pain scores associated with “a little less” (MCSD) and “much less” (ICSD) pain and patients declining additional analgesics because they experienced adequate analgesia after treatment (PPAA).

Results

We analyzed 105 children: 63.8% were female and the median (IQR) age was 13 (10–15) years. Ninety‐eight children were analyzed for the VNRS and 101 were analyzed for the FPS‐R. For the VNRS, raw change and percent reductions in pain scores associated with MCSD, ICSD, and PPAA were 2/10 and 25%, 4/10 and 56%, and 3/10 and 50%, respectively, and for the FPS‐R, 2/10 and 25%, 4/10 and 67%, and 4/10 and 60%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) associated with a MCSD for both scales ranged from 94% to 98%; the AUC associated with an ICSD or PPAA for both scales ranged from 76% to 83%.

Conclusions

We identified changes in pain score associated with patient‐centered outcomes in children with headaches suitable for designing trials and assigning clinical significance to changes in pain scores reported in studies.
Mycophagy and feeding on other native land snails by the black snail Macrocyclis peruvianus (Gastropoda, Macrocyclidae)
Authors: Barahona‐Segovia Rodrigo M. , Gallardo‐Pillancari Esteban , Orrego Gabriel , Osorio Felipe
Published: February 2024

Land snails are among Chile's least studied invertebrates. Their natural history and ecology are poorly studied, even when it comes to striking species such as the black snail Macrocyclis peruvianus. This large and easily recognizable species inhabits the forest floor of southern Chile; however, we do not know its eating habits. In this natural history note, we describe the first records of mycophagy in M. peruvianus in native Chilean forests. The records were obtained thanks to citizen science (iNaturalist, Instagram and Facebook), which provided a complete data set with habitat remarks. We registered 21 records of mycophagy, from which we identified three fungus species (Marasmiellus alliodorus, Aleurodiscus vitellinus and Grifola gargal) and five genera (Armillaria, Boletus, Mycena, Pholiota and Ramaria). Of the consumed fungi, 58.82% grew in coarse woody debris and 64.70% belong to the order Agaricales, followed by Boletales, Gomphales, Russulales and Polyporales. In addition, we described the first record of M. peruvianus feeding on the native land snail Plectostylus peruvianus. Coarse woody debris could be a key element for black snails because their frequent food – the Agaricales fungi species – grows on them. Finally, M. peruvianus feeding on other native land snails could be rare in the wild because they co‐occur in the same distribution but in different microhabitats.
The benefits of floral border crops in smallholder rice production depends on agronomic inputs and landscape context
Authors: Willcox Bryony K. , Garratt Michael P. D. , Breeze Tom D. , Mathimaran Natarajan , Potts Simon G. , Prasad Girija , Raj Rengalakshmi , Senapathi Deepa
Published: February 2024

Ecological intensification (EI) provides an important and increasingly adopted pathway for achieving more sustainable agricultural systems. However, the implementation and success of on‐farm EI practices may vary depending on landscape context and local management practices.

We evaluated how EI interventions, including two different agricultural input regimes (high or low use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers) and floral border crops, affected local natural enemy biodiversity, pest abundance and crop yield, and how this was influenced by the surrounding landscape context across 12 rice fields on smallholder farms in Puducherry, India.

Reducing agricultural inputs positively impacted the overall natural enemy assemblage; however, responses to landscape factors varied. For example, coccinellid beetles were negatively correlated with higher densities of field edges (landscape configuration). In contrast, spiders, the most abundant group surveyed, were not significantly influenced by any landscape metric. Furthermore, pest abundance was greatest in fields with reduced inputs but only at sites where floral border crops were not present.

Mean rice grain yield was lower across low‐input sites compared with high‐input sites and floral border crops had opposing effects across high‐ and low‐input sites. At low‐input sites, mean yields were 33% higher where floral border crops were present. At high‐input sites, the presence of floral border crops was correlated with a lower mean yield (16%).

These findings show that ecological intensification practices can benefit smallholder crop systems but highlight the need to account for variations in landscape context and local management practices for developing effective sustainable management practices.
Are skepticism and moderation dominating attitudes toward AI‐based technologies?
Authors: Oprea Simona‐Vasilica , Nica Ionut , Bâra Adela , Georgescu Irina‐Alexandra
Published: February 2024

AI advancements are poised to substantially modify human abilities in the foreseeable future. They include the integration of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) to augment cognitive functions, the application of gene editing, and the utilization of AI‐powered robotic exoskeletons to enhance physical strength. This study employs a comprehensive analytical framework combining factor analysis, clustering, ANOVA, and logistic regression to investigate public attitudes toward these transformative technologies. Our findings reveal three distinct clusters of public opinion reflecting varying optimism and concern toward AI technologies. Cluster 1 (1574 participants) held a positive view with high excitement while Cluster 2 (1334 participants) showed a balanced stance. Cluster 3 (2199 participants) expressed heightened concern despite some excitement. Notably, regional disparities, particularly between urban and rural participants, emerge as a prominent factor influencing these attitudes (ANOVA, F = 15.2, p < 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression identifies key influencers of public perception, highlighting the significant roles played by religion and regional factors. The implications of these findings extend beyond understanding public sentiment. They underscore the need for informed policies that promote education and awareness about AI technologies, address ethical concerns, and engage the public in decision‐making processes. As society navigates this transformative technological landscape, a nuanced understanding of public attitudes becomes paramount, guiding ethical regulation, innovation, and public engagement strategies. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics surrounding AI acceptance and highlights the importance of adapting measures to evolving perceptions and attitudes among the general public.
An evaluation of serum blood parameters and amyloid A levels in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage
Authors: Isenlik Bekir Sitki , Sarica Mehmet Cihan , Kaygun Bilgesu Cetinel , Inal Hasan Ali
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study investigated whether serum amyloid A (AA) levels can be used as a biomarker in patients with threatened abortion.

Material and Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Türkiye, between April and October 2023. Eighty‐eight pregnant women, 44 diagnosed with threatened miscarriage (Group 1) and 44 healthy individuals (Group 2), were included in the study. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of sociodemographic data (age, body mass index, education level, economic status, occupation status, smoking, and alcohol consumption). However, obstetric characteristics (number of pregnancies, living children, miscarriages, dilatation and curettage, gestational age on admission, and fetal crown‐rump length) and laboratory values including complete blood count, hematocrit, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocytes, platelet, hs‐C‐reactive protein, neutrophil‐lymphocyte and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (p > .05), and serum AA values (7.49 ± 3.07 in Group 1 vs. 9.46 ± 4.80 in Group 2, p = .024) differed significantly. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC: 0.662) was statistically significant for serum AA (p = .032), with a cut‐off value of ≥7.51 (95% [confidence interval] 0.516−0.749, sensitivity 65%, specificity 51%). The positive predictive value of serum AA for threatened miscarriage was 56.8%, and the negative predictive value 59.4%.

Conclusion

This study shows that serum AA can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of threatened miscarriage. Prospective studies involving more participants are now needed to confirm our results.
Transgenerational effects of paternal exposures: the role of germline de novo mutations
Authors: Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Jimbo Masaya , Fendereski Kiarad , Kunisaki Jason , Horns Joshua J , Ramsay Joemy M. , Gross Kelli X. , Pastuszak Alexander W. , Hotaling James M.
Published: February 2024

Germline de novo mutations (DNMs) refer to spontaneous mutations arising during gametogenesis, resulting in genetic changes within germ cells that are subsequently transmitted to the next generation. While the impact of maternal exposures on germline DNMs has been extensively studied, more recent studies have begun to highlight the increasing importance of the effects of paternal factors. In this review, we have summarized the existing literature on how various exposures experienced by fathers affect the germline DNM burden in their spermatozoa, as well as their consequences for semen analysis parameters, pregnancy outcomes, and offspring health. A growing body of literature supports the conclusion that advanced paternal age (APA) correlates with a higher germline DNM rate in offspring. Furthermore, lifestyle choices, environmental toxins, assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and chemotherapy are associated with the accumulation of paternal DNMs in spermatozoa, with deleterious consequences for pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. Ultimately, our review highlights the clear importance of the germline DNM mode of inheritance, and the current understanding of how this is affected by various paternal factors. In addition, we explore conflicting reports or gaps of knowledge that should be addressed in future research.
Absorbable antibiotic beads for treatment of LVAD driveline infections
Authors: Wadiwala Ishaq , Garg Pankaj , Alamouti‐Fard Emad , Landolfo Kevin , Sareyyupoglu Basar , Ahmed Magdy El‐Sayed , Jacob Samuel , Pham Si
Published: February 2024

Backgound

Infections of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) driveline are a dreaded complication that results in high mortality and morbidity.

Method

We retrospectively reviewed five consecutive patients with severe continuous‐flow LVAD (HVAD, Heartmate 2, and Heartmate 3) driveline infection. These infections, which developed on an average of 960.4 ± 843.9 days after LVAD placement, were refractory to systemic antibiotics and local wound care. All were treated with extensive surgical debridement, local installation of absorbable antibiotic‐loaded calcium sulfate beads (vancomycin and tobramycin), primary wound closure, and 6 weeks of systemic antibiotics after surgery.

Results

Four patients had resolution of DLI, and one had a recurrent infection at another part of the driveline 7 months after the complete resolution of the previous site. This patient was successfully treated with debridement and bead placements. Three patients still have their LVADs, while two received orthotopic heart transplants. At the time of the transplant, there was no evidence of gross infection of the LVAD drivelines or pumps. At the average follow‐up time of 425.8 ± 151 days, no patients have an active infection.

Conclusion

Treatment of LVAD driveline infection with absorbable antibiotic beads with primary wound closure is a viable option and merits further investigation.
Editorial: Towards optimal thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: van Liere Elsa L. S. A. , de Boer Nanne K. H.
Published: February 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vasudevan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17831 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17895
Investigating the effect of supplementing different levels of Isochrysis galbana on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters
Authors: Salehian Zahra , Khalilvandi‐Behroozyar Hamed , Pirmohammadi Rasoul , Ahmadifard Nasrollah , Almasi Hadi , Ramin Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana) at levels of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (g/100 g DM) of the diet on the gas production kinetics, methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, and relative microbial population in vitro. Supplementation of I. galbana at high level (5 g/100 g DM) caused a significant decrease in total gas production (p < 0.05). High supplementation rates (4 and 5 g/100 g DM) decreased CH4 production relative to the control by 18.4% and 23.2%, respectively. Although rumen ammonia nitrogen (N‐NH3) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were affected by dietary treatments, but the VFA profile did not changed. The relative proportion of protozoa and methanogenic archaea as well as Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Prevotella spp., Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased significantly as a result of microalgae supplementation. However, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium were significantly increased (p < 0.05), related to the control group. As well, the pH was not affected by dietary treatments. It was concluded that I. galbana reduced in vitro CH4 production and methanogenic archaea that its worth to be investigated further in in vivo studies.
Recent advances of oocyte/embryo vitrification in mammals from rodents and large animals
Authors: Kamoshita Maki , Sugita Hibiki , Kageyama Atsuko , Kawata Yui , Ito Junya , Kashiwazaki Naomi
Published: February 2024

Vitrification is a valuable technology that enables semipermanent preservation and long‐distance or international transportation of genetically modified and native animals. In laboratory mice, vitrification maintains and transports embryos, and many institutions and companies sell vitrified embryos. In contrast, despite numerous papers reporting on vitrification in livestock over the past decade, practical implementation has yet to be achieved. However, with advances in genome editing technology, it is anticipated that the number of genetically modified domestic animals will increase, leading to a rise in demand for vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Here, we provide an objective overview of recent advancements in vitrification technology for livestock, drawing a comparison with the current developments in laboratory animals. Additionally, we explore the future prospects for vitrification in livestock, focusing on its potential benefits and drawbacks.
Etoposide combined with cytarabine and pegfilgrastim for poorly mobilizing patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Ye Peipei , Cheng Yixuan , Lian Jiaying , Tong Hongyan , Li Linjie , Guo Qunyi , Zhu Weiguo , Feng Weiying , Huang Li , Shou Lihong , Chen Dong , Liu Xuhui , Li Shuangyue , Du Xiaohong , Yang Min , Yu Wenjuan , Qian Jiejing , Hu Chao , Wang Huafeng , Jin Yangjin , Shen Jian , Hong Pan , Pei Renzhi , Jin Jie , Lu Ying
Published: February 2024

A chemotherapy‐based mobilization regimen in patients who mobilize poorly, based on etoposide, cytarabine and pegfilgrastim (EAP), has recently been introduced. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the EAP regimen in patients with poorly mobilizing multiple myeloma (MM) or lymphoma. This single‐arm clinical trial was performed at eight public hospitals in China and was registered as a clinical trial (NCT05510089). The inclusion criteria were; (1) diagnosis of MM or lymphoma, (2) defined as a ‘poor mobilizer’ and (3) aged 18–75 years. The EAP regimen consisted of etoposide 75 mg/m2/day on days 1–2, cytarabine 300 mg/m2 every 12 h on days 1–2 and pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 6. The primary endpoint of the study was the ratio of patients achieving adequate mobilization (≥2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). From 1 September 2022 to 15 August 2023, a total of 58 patients were enrolled, 53 (91.4%) achieved adequate mobilization, while 41 (70.7%) achieved optimal mobilization with a median number of cumulative collected CD34+ cells was 9.2 (range 2.1–92.7) × 106/kg and the median number of apheresis per patient of 1.2. The median time from administration of the EAP regimen to the first apheresis was 12 days. Approximately 8.6% of patients required plerixa for rescue, which was successful. Twelve (20.7%) of the 58 patients suffered grade 2–3 infections, while 25 (43.1%) required platelet transfusions. The duration of neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 11 days. In conclusion, these results suggest that the EAP mobilization regimen might be a promising option for poorly mobilizing patients with MM or lymphoma.
Patterns of glacio‐isostatic adjustment in mainland Scotland: new data from western central Scotland, proximal to the zone of maximum rebound
Authors: Smith David E. , Firth Callum R. , Rose James
Published: February 2024

The results of geomorphological mapping and survey of Lateglacial and Holocene displaced shorelines in the Clyde estuary and around Loch Lomond, western central Scotland are described. On the basis of morphology, sedimentology, altitude and radiocarbon dating, four discrete shorelines are identified and are correlated with previously identified Scottish displaced shorelines. The shoreline formerly referred to as the Main Postglacial Shoreline is renamed the Menteith Shoreline. This body of data, combined with data on displaced shorelines for Scotland as a whole has been analysed using Gaussian quadratic trend surface analysis in order to determine the centre of glacio‐isostatic displacement for each shoreline. These Gaussian models of palaeo‐relative sea‐level suggest that the zone of greatest displacement lay NNW of Loch Lomond in the Lateglacial then moved SSE to the region of Loch Lomond during the Holocene and the Clyde in the Late Holocene. The factors responsible for the movement of the zone of greatest uplift are discussed, including temporal variations in the ice‐sheet thickness, variations in water load in the adjacent sea‐lochs and neotectonic processes. Comparison is made with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out on the use of Gaussian trend surface analysis glacio‐isostatic modelling and this is included in the research evaluation, and reported in full in the Supporting Information files, along with the raw data used throughout this study.
Isoliquiritigenin attenuates neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of NF‐κB‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Wenfei Zhang , Xiang Tao , Chen Chen , Yang Tao , Yun Tao , Zhibiao Chen , Ge Zhang
Published: February 2024

Neuroinflammation contributes to neurological dysfunction in the patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive component extracted from Genus Glycyrrhiza. This work is to investigate whether ISL ameliorates neuroinflammation after SAH. In this study, intravascular perforation of male Sprague–Dawley rats was used to establish a SAH model. ISL was administered by intraperitoneal injection 6 h after SAH in rats. The mortality, SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability were examined at 24 h after the treatment. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, Iba‐1, and MPO were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Besides, the expression levels of NF‐κB p65 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 were analyzed by western blot. The experimental data suggested that ISL treatment could ameliorate neurological impairment, attenuate brain edema, and ameliorate BBB injury after SAH in rats. ISL treatment repressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6, and meanwhile inhibited the expression of Iba‐1 and MPO. ISL also repressed NF‐κB p65 expression as well as the transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, ISL significantly suppressed the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18. These findings suggest that ISL inactivates NLRP3 pathway by inhibiting NF‐κB p65 translocation, thereby repressing the neuroinflammation after SAH, and it is a potential drug for the treatment of SAH.
Myopia progression following 0.01% atropine cessation in Australian children: Findings from the Western Australia – Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (WA‐ATOM) study
Authors: Lee Samantha Sze‐Yee , Nilagiri Vinay Kumar , Lingham Gareth , Blaszkowska Magdalena , Sanfilippo Paul G. , Franchina Maria , Clark Antony , Mackey David A.
Published: February 2024

Background

A rebound in myopia progression following cessation of atropine eyedrops has been reported, yet there is limited data on the effects of stopping 0.01% atropine compared to placebo control. This study tested the hypothesis that there is minimal rebound myopia progression after cessation of 0.01% atropine eyedrops, compared to a placebo.

Methods

Children with myopia (n = 153) were randomised to receive 0.01% atropine eyedrops or a placebo (2:1 ratio) daily at bedtime during the 2‐year treatment phase of the study. In the third year (wash‐out phase), all participants ceased eyedrop instillation. Participants underwent an eye examination every 6 months, including measurements of spherical equivalent (SphE) after cycloplegia and axial length (AL). Changes in the SphE and AL during the wash‐out phase and throughout the 3 years of the study (treatment + wash‐out phase) were compared between the treatment and control groups.

Results

During the 1‐year wash‐out phase, SphE and AL progressed by −0.41D (95% CI = −0.33 to −0.22) and +0.20 mm (95% CI = −0.46 to −0.36) in the treatment group compared to −0.28D (95% CI = 0.11 to 0.16) and +0.13 mm (95% CI = 0.18 to 0.21) in the control group. Progression in the treatment group was significantly faster than in the control group (p = 0.016 for SphE and <0.001 for AL). Over the 3‐year study period, the cumulative myopia progression was similar between the atropine and the control groups.

Conclusions

These findings showed evidence of rapid myopia progression following cessation of 0.01% atropine. Further investigations are warranted to ascertain the long‐term effects of atropine eyedrops.
Critical appraisal of YouTube videos regarding peri‐implant diseases and conditions: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Gaikwad Amit , Rachh Pranidhipurnima , Raut Kaustubh , Nadgere Jyoti
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To critically appraise the quality and reliability of YouTube videos regarding peri‐implant diseases and conditions as a source of information for patients, students, and young clinicians.

Materials and Methods

In March 2023, electronic searches were performed on YouTube website to identify videos related to peri‐implant diseases and conditions. We considered only the relevant 250 English‐language videos with durations between 3 and 30 min for final analyses. Following the eligibility criteria videos were evaluated for their demographic data, including number of views; number of likes, dislikes, and comments; days since upload; duration; and number of subscribers. Moreover, two assessors independently evaluated the quality and reliability of the included videos using the DISCERN and Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI) tools. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman correlation analysis (∝ = 0.05).

Results

A total of 69 videos were included for profound analyses. The average DISCERN and VIQI scores were 35.04 ± 6.3 and 14.18 ± 2.46, with 53 videos categorized as “poor” quality using the DISCERN tool. A Spearman rank correlation analysis presented a strong agreement between the DISCERN and VIQI scores (r = .753; p < .001). Nevertheless, based on different sources of upload, no statistically significant differences were reported for video demographics, interaction index, and DISCERN and VIQI scores.

Conclusions

Although YouTube videos on peri‐implant diseases and conditions present accurate preliminary information, their reliability still remains uncertain. Hence, we urge respective policymakers to recognize, endorse and produce high‐quality videos for accurate information dissemination.
Training and assessment for colorectal surgery and appendicectomy– a systematic review
Authors: Hertz Peter , Rattenborg Søren , Haug Tora R. , Houlind Kim , Konge Lars , Bjerrum Flemming
Published: February 2024

Aim

There is currently an increased focus on competency‐based training, in which training and assessment play a crucial role. The aim of this systematic review is to create an overview of hands‐on training methods and assessment tools for appendicectomy and colon and rectal surgery procedures using either an open, laparoscopic or robot‐assisted approach.

Method

A systematic review of Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. We conducted the last search on 9 March 2023. All published papers describing hands‐on training, evaluation of performance data and development of assessment tools were eligible. The quality of studies and the validity evidence of assessment tools are reported.

Results

Fifty‐one studies were identified. Laparoscopic assessment tools are abundant, but the literature still lacks good‐quality assessment tools for open appendicectomy, robotic colectomy and open rectal surgery. Overall, there is a lack of discussion regarding the establishment of pass/fail standards and the consequences of assessment. Virtual reality simulation is used more for appendicectomy than colorectal procedures. Only a few of the studies investigating training were of acceptable quality. There is a need for high‐quality studies in open and robotic‐assisted colon surgery and all approaches to rectal surgery.

Conclusion

This review provides an overview of current training methods and assessment tools and identifies where more research is needed based on the quality of the studies and the current validity evidence.
Peri‐operative and long‐term outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: O'Kelly John A. , Alaya Fatimah , Davis Niall F. , Little Dilly , Mohan Ponnusamy
Published: February 2024

Introduction

There is a lack of data regarding the peri‐operative and long‐term outcomes of kidney transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Herein, we report the peri‐operative and long‐term outcomes of kidney transplantation in CF patients.

Materials and methods

All CF patients who received a kidney transplant at the national kidney transplant center between 1993 and 2022 were identified. Recipients of the contralateral donor kidney were selected as a control group. Primary outcomes included 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐ year death‐censored graft survival and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included peri‐operative morbidity, acute graft rejection, delayed graft function (DGF), and length of stay (LOS).

Results

Fourteen patients received a kidney transplant over the study period. Median age at transplantation was 35 (IQR 31, 40) years. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year death‐censored graft survival was 92, 74, and 74% in the CF group compared to 100, 92, and 92% in the control group (p = .44). The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival in the CF group was 85, 66, and 57% compared to 100, 92, and 82% in the control group (p = .036). There was no significant difference in peri‐operative outcomes including LOS (10 vs. 11 days, p = .84), ICU admission (1 vs. 0 patients, p > .99), acute rejection episodes (2 vs. 1 patients, p > .99), and DGF (1 vs. 2 patients, p = .60).

Conclusion

CF patients have good long‐term graft survival, however, overall survival was worse compared to a matched cohort. These data provide important information for transplant surgeons when considering suitable donor allografts in this unique patient population.