bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedding ePortfolios in programme-level assessment in Business disciplines
Authors: Donnelly Roisin
Published: February 2022

This practice report reflects on a pilot project which explored the embedding of ePortfolios in programme-level assessment in a number of Business disciplines across the College of Business in the Technological University Dublin. The pilot was important for a trio of reasons; firstly, for the university, positioning of an ePortfolio programme level strategy required an understanding of the importance of professional development and support structures for staff and students, and guidance on scaling from a pilot project to a full-scale implementation. Secondly, for staff, highlighting the purpose of the ePortfolio and particular effective teaching, learning and programme level assessment strategies was crucial e.g. personalization for increasing student engagement and reflective practice. Finally, for students, an ePortfolio can enable learning beyond the scope of a particular module to highlight holistic learning across a programme, and can be utilized for showcasing of work and in procuring future employment where it is suitable for capturing practical, critical and creative thinking. This article explores implications for practice for staff seeking clarity on establishing the purpose for assessment, reflection and audience (UG and PG students) for a programme-based ePortfolio. Reflections include the professional development support that paralleled the adoption of the pilot, strategies that can be put in place to move from an initial project to a scalable implementation across a college, and the challenges of engaging critically in programme-level assessment. Recommendations are for educational developers, those working and leading in learning development and learning technologists who support academic staff in decision-making around ePortfolio integration to programme-level assessment strategies.
On maps preserving skew symmetric operators
Authors: Amara Zouheir , Oudghiri Mourad , Souilah Khalid
Published: February 2022

Given a conjugation C on a separable complex Hilbert space H, a bounded
linear operator T on H is said to be C-skew symmetric if CTC = -T*. This
paper describes the maps, on the algebra of all bounded linear operators
acting on H, that preserve the difference of C-skew symmetric operators for
every conjugation C on H.
Glycerol and malonic acid as corrosion inhibitors seen through the density functional theory perspective
Authors: Diaz-Ballote Luis , Maldonado-Lopez Luis , San-Pedro Liliana , Hernández-Nuñez Emanuel , Genesca Juan
Published: February 2022

Glycerol (G) is the major co-product in the transesterification process of biodiesel. As clean energy demand increases, the production of G also increases and new ways of re-using it are needed. In the last decade, some experimental studies claimed that G and its derivative, malonic acid (MA), could be used as corrosion inhibitors. Yet, presently, there is little evidence of it and more studies are needed to confirm that G and MA could have a good performance in metal protection. The present work aims to study the reactivity of G and MA, since reactivity and inhibition are intimately linked. The density functional theory (DFT) at the B3YLP/6-31G** level of theory was used to study the reactivity of both molecules. The global and local quantum parameters derived were used to assess the reactivity of both molecules. Analysis of the calculated reactivity descriptors suggest that G and MA should exhibit an acceptable corrosion efficiency, but MA showed have a greater potential as a corrosion inhibitor.
The Nonlinear Relation between Effective Tax Rates and Tax-Related Restatements
Authors: Cheng Christine , Hennes Karen M. , Sapkota Pradeep
Published: February 2022

SYNOPSIS

We examine the association between firms' tax planning behavior, as measured by their effective tax rates (ETRs), and financial restatements. We find that both low and high ETRs are positively related to subsequent tax-related restatements, indicating a nonlinear relation between ETRs and tax-related financial reporting quality. We also find evidence that tax-related restatements for low ETR firms reflect increased operational complexity that pervades the firm and results in an increased likelihood of tax and non-tax restatements. High ETR firms, in contrast, appear to suffer from inadequate controls and expertise surrounding the reporting for income taxes. We do not find evidence that this extends outside the tax function to other types of restatements. All results hold after controlling for internal control weaknesses and other characteristics known to affect ETRs and the likelihood of restatements.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.
Robotic Process Automation: A Literature-Based Research Agenda
Authors: Plattfaut Ralf , Borghoff Vincent
Published: February 2022

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a relatively new approach to automate business processes in organizations. Practitioners have adopted it extensively, notably within the accounting discipline; however, the scientific research seems to be lagging. As a result of this, there is no clear definition or uniform understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of RPA. To close this gap, we conducted a structured and systematic literature review of published scholarly articles on RPA. We set out to identify the definition of RPA, consider its feasibility regarding implementation, outline the advantages and disadvantages, and evaluate the risks and best practices of RPA. In this paper, we show that the literature has particularly failed to discuss the quantifiable benefits of RPA. The best practices identified are especially relevant for practitioners. Based on our findings, we propose an agenda for future research on RPA.
The European Union's ESEF iXBRL Mandate: Finland's Experience as an Early Adopter
Authors: Brands Kristine , Holtzblatt Mark A. , Koskentalo Elina
Published: February 2022

More than a decade ago, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission mandated XBRL for corporate statutory financial statement filings for U.S. and foreign filers listed on its public stock exchanges. The European Union (EU) adopted a similar mandate for companies listed on its public stock exchanges, the European Single Electronic Format (ESEF). This regulation requires EU companies to file annual financial reports in digital format using iXBRL. The interactive data format will improve financial reporting by providing transparency. Finland elected to proceed on a voluntary filing basis. Its experience provides valuable early adopter experience with the mandate and insightful information about filers' lessons learned complying with it. This proposed study is designed to develop an experiential, real-world case to introduce students to this regulatory development through the lens of Finland's experience. This case shows how to integrate emerging technology into the accounting curriculum, complying with the AACSB's Standard A5.

JEL Classifications: C55; F23; G15; G18; M40; M41; M42; M48.
Restoration of Autophagic Flux Improves Endothelial Function in Diabetes Through Lowering Mitochondrial ROS-mediated eNOS Monomerization
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Cheng-Lin , He Lei , Chen Qinghua , Liu Limei , Kang Lijing , Liu Jian , Luo Jiang-Yun , Gou Lingshan , Qu Dan , Song Wencong , Lau Chi Wai , Ko Ho , Mok Vincent C.T. , Tian Xiao Yu , Wang Li , Huang Yu
Published: February 2022

Endothelial
nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) monomerization and uncoupling play crucial roles
in mediating vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus although the underlying
mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Growing evidence indicates
that autophagic dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic
endothelial dysfunction, however, whether autophagy regulates eNOS activity
through controlling eNOS monomerization/dimerization remains elusive. The
present study shows that autophagic flux was impaired in the endothelium of
diabetic db/db mice and in human
endothelial cells exposed to advanced glycation end products or oxidized
low-density lipoprotein. Inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine or
bafilomycin A1 were sufficient to induce eNOS monomerization and lowers nitric
oxide bioavailability through raising mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
(mtROS). Restoration of autophagic flux by overexpressing transcription factor
EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, decreased
endothelial cell oxidative stress, increased eNOS dimerization and improved
endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDR) in db/db mouse aortas.
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) increased TFEB
nuclear localization, reduced mtROS accumulation, facilitated eNOS
dimerization, and enhanced EDR in db/db mice. Moreover, calorie
restriction also elevated TFEB expression, improved autophagic flux, and
restored EDR in the aortas of db/db
mice. Taken together, the present study reveals that mtROS-induced eNOS
monomerization is closely associated with the impaired TFEB-autophagic flux
axis leading to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice.
TCR/HLA Humanized Mice Reveal Reduced Tolerance and Increased Immunogenicity of Post-translationally Modified GAD65 Epitope
Authors: Jing Yi , Kong Yuelin , McGinty John , Blahnik-Fagan Gabriele , Lee Thomas , Orozco-Figueroa Stephanie , Bettini Matthew L. , James Eddie A. , Bettini Maria
Published: February 2022

Accumulating
evidence supports a critical role for post-translationally modified (PTM) islet
neoantigens in type 1 diabetes. However, our understanding regarding thymic
development and peripheral activation of PTM autoantigen reactive T cells is
still limited. Using HLA-DR4 humanized mice, we observed that deamidation of
GAD65115-127 generates a more immunogenic epitope that recruits T
cells with promiscuous recognition of both the deamidated and native epitopes,
and reduced frequency of regulatory T cells. Using humanized HLA/TCR mice we
observed that TCRs reactive to the native or deamidated GAD65115-127 led
to efficient development of CD4+ effector T cells; however, regulatory T cell development
was reduced in mice expressing the PTM reactive TCR, which was partially
restored with exogenous PTM peptide. Upon priming, both the native specific and
the deamidated specific T cells accumulated in pancreatic islets, suggesting
that both specificities can recognize endogenous GAD65 and contribute to anti-beta-cell
responses. Collectively, our observations in polyclonal and single TCR systems suggest
that while effector T cell responses can exhibit cross-reactivity between
native and deamidated GAD65 epitopes, regulatory T cell development is reduced
in response to the deamidated epitope, pointing to Treg development as a key
mechanism for loss of tolerance to PTM antigenic targets. 
Sikap Ekslusivisme Masyarakat Tionghoa Tangerang terhadap Penguasaan Ekonomi Pasar
Authors: Triana Lisda , Fadila Muhamad Abi , Utami Aulia Ulfa , Husien Azzumar Abdillah , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: February 2022

Di Indonesia kegiatan usaha kecil menengah didominasi oleh masyarakat Tionghoa yang memiliki peran dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sikap ekslusivisme masyarakat tionghoa terhadap penguasaan ekonomi pasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini didalamnya melakukan observasi langsung ke lapangan, dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu ajaran konfusianisme merupakan ajaran konfusius berupa etika dan moral yang saling berhubungan antar manusia mengandung unsur-unsur sifat bijak manusia yang berpedoman pada sifat yang terpuji, jika ada kekacauan di masyarakat dapat diatasi. Kedatangan etnis tionghoa ke nusantara belum ada gambaran yang jelas tetapi sudah lama sebelum jayakarta dikuasi oleh belanda di bawah pimpinan Jan Pieterszoon Coen pada tahun 1619. Pemahaman mereka terhadap kofusianisme tidak terlalu mengenal ajaran yang diajarkan kofusius, namun secara tidak sadar perilaku berdagang etnis Tionghoa sebagian mencerminkan ajaran konfusius, tidak terlalu ambisius, sederhana dan tetap meghargai usaha yang dikerjakan dengan menjaga kualitas barang.
To Determine the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) In Detection of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostatomegaly and Elevated PSA Levels, Taking Biopsy as Gold Standard
Authors: Gul Dr. Rafay , Pathan Dr. Hina , Darira Dr. Jaideep , Shazlee Dr. Kashif , Amir Ali Dr. Ashraf , Zafar Dr. Sara
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) in detection of prostatic cancer in patients with prostatomegaly and elevated PSA levels, taking biopsy as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Duration and place of study: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Zia Uddin University Hospital, Karachi from February 1 to August 31,2020. Methods: High risk patients for prostatic carcinoma and patients meeting inclusion criteria were referred to the radiology department of Dr, Zia Uddin hospital for MRI pelvis. Purpose and procedure of study were explained after taking an informed consent. All examinations were performed and the collected data on MR spectroscopic imaging protocol (spectra and associated metabolic ratios) was more pronounced than conventional spin echo sequences. Choline peak elevation and choline-creatinine ratios > 2 in a suspected area as compared to adjacent normal prostatic tissue was labelled as prostate cancer. This information along with the age, duration of symptoms, patient’s educational status, and weight of patient and size of lesion were collected. Results: The specificity sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of MRS for diagnosis of Prostate cancer was 85.40%, 78.84%, 69.64%, 90.48% and 81.22%, respectively. Conclusion: The combined effectiveness of conventional MR images along with metabolic data of MRSI will help to enhance and make presumptive diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. The implementation and standardization of MRS will definitely help in future to diagnose disease in very early stage, thus reducing the chance of morbidity and mortality to a certain level.
Dental Cavity Lining, Composite Resin and Bioceramic: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Freitas Pedrosa Simone Silveira de , Salomé Geraldo Magela , Maia Paulo Roberto , Dominguete Matheus Henrique Lopes , Neto José Dias da Silva
Published: February 2022

Objective: Evaluation of postoperative sensitivity in posterior teeth restored with CIMMO DTA® liner, in composite resin restorations. Method: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. There were 20 male participants, with an average age of 20 years. Totaling 70 treated teeth, divided into two groups: Group R (Control n=35), treated with standard restorative procedure. Group D (Study n=35), treated using CIMMO DTA® cement, as an indirect liner, the assessment was performed by a masked examiner. Sensitivity tests were performed before the restorative procedure, at 48 hours, 7, 15 and 30 days after the procedure. The analysis included the pain caused by thermal stimulation: Cold Test (FT); à Horizontal (TPH) and vertical (TPV) percussion; Bite Test (TM) and Pain Decline Time (DD) is measured. Measured through Visual Analog Scale (EVA). Results: All participants returned for postoperative sensitivity tests. Group D had lower pain sensitivity than group R: on the second day, for TPH with p=0.041; TPV with p=0.036; on the fifteenth day, for TPH with p=0.043; TM p=0.021 and on the thirtieth day, for TF with p=0.011. Conclusion: CIMMO DTA® cement, as an indirect liner in dental restorations, decreased postoperative sensitivity.
Modeling of the Interrelations between the Working Conditions and the Health of Oil Sheds Personnel using Fuzzy Logic
Authors:   Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Klimova I.V. , Smirnov Yu.G. ,   Ukhta State Technical University, Rodionov V.A. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: February 2022

Currently, occupational risk assessment at the workplace is a mandatory procedure. However, for qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, there is often not enough statistical data on negative health consequences. The issue of accounting the contribution of heterogeneous factors of the working conditions is also insufficiently studied. The article considers the workplace of a tunnelling machine operator for mining of high-viscosity oil, where the working conditions are rated class 3.2 (harmful of the second degree). The main contribution to the formation of harmful working conditions is made by the vibroacoustic factors, which is a consequence of the technological process in the oil sheds and maintenance of mining machines. Construction of a fuzzy model with two input vibroacoustic parameters (noise and general vibration), and an output parameter (sensorineural hearing loss as an occupational disease) is described. Modeling includes 4 stages: fuzzification; construction of the database of rules for fuzzy productions; composition using aggregation methods; defuzzification. Variant of fuzzification; of three selected parameters for assessing the risk to the personnel health is proposed: low, medium, high. In the interactive mode, the development and visualization of the fuzzy output system of the problem being solved using the graphical tools of the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox extension package of the MATLAB computer mathematics program was performed. As a result, the visual dependences of the output parameter on vibroacoustic factors are obtained: fuzzy output table, 3D-surface of the fuzzy output, functions of the dependence of the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss from noise and general vibration. The proposed model can be supplemented with other input parameters that characterize the working conditions, thereby becoming more complicated at the fuzzification stage, refined at the stage of writing fuzzy production rules.
On the Requirements for Conducting Fire Protection of Textile Materials
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Konstantinova N.I. , Zuban A.V. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Published: February 2022

Currently, there is no normative support and regulation of the use of fire protection for textiles at the facilities. In the regulatory documents, including in EAEU TR 043/2017 «On the requirements for fire safety and fire extinguishing means», there is no regulation for the development of technical documentation for them, and the procedure for confirming the conformity of flame-retardants for textile materials as means of ensuring their fire safety. Comparative studies of the flammability of curtain, upholstery furniture fabrics, protective work clothes, canopies and tents treated with various flame-retardants that do not reduce operational properties were carried out using standard evaluation methods. It is shown that the achievement of the effect of fire protection of fabrics with the same impregnation technology occurs at different concentrations of agents depending on the composition of chemical fibers and test methods. When using an efficient fire- retardant to obtain a flame-retardant fabric containing 100 % polyester, it was not possible to achieve a positive result of fire protection. Efficient surface fire protection of the mixed fabrics with a polyester fiber content of 60 % or more using compositions based on the inorganic salts of phosphoric acid without losing their decorative appearance is not possible, moreover, these compositions do not ensure resistance to washing. It is concluded that for conducting fire protection of textile materials, it is required to develop technical requirements for fire protection means, which should consider their efficiency of action, method of application and consumption, fabric characteristics, their functional purpose and field of application, as well as regulate methods for assessing flammability, procedures for confirming compliance with fire-safe use.
Improving Safety and Efficiency of Power Supply to Ore Mining Sites at the High Mountain Mine
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Klyuev R.V. , Bosikov I.I. ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Gavrina O.A. ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Lyashenko V.I. ,   GP «UkrNIPII promtekhnologii»
Published: February 2022

The results of study in the field of improving safety and efficiency of power supply to ore mining sites at a high mountain mine are presented. It is shown that safety and efficiency of power supply, as well as the hazard of electric shock in the electrical installations with a voltage of 6 kV, largely depends on the number of single-phase earth faults. It is established that high earth fault currents make it necessary to compensate for capacitive currents in 6 kV networks by installing compensating (arc-quenching) reactive coils. This will allow to reduce the ground fault currents to 3–5 A, increase the network insulation impedance by a factor of 4–6, reduce the over-voltages in the undamaged phases during ground faults, and improve conditions of ensuring electrical safety. It is substantiated that at the sections of the cable network leading to substations 25, 26, 28 and «Stvol», the resistance level is higher than the average for the high mountain mine, and in the sections of substations 31–35 and substation 33 it is slightly lower than the average. The worst state of insulation (maximum leaks) is observed at the sections of substations 31–106 and 31–34, where the insulation level is lower than the average by 16.6 and 3.56 times, respectively. It is recommended to carry out a preventive check of not only the condition of the cable, but also cable couplings, equipment at substations 31, 34 and 106 at these sites. And in the future, to continue study on high earth fault currents in the absence of control over the continuity of the earth network. Recommendations are given to improve the operation of electrical networks, to make fuller use of existing networks, and to ensure safe conditions for the maintenance of electrical installations of the networks with a voltage of 6 kV of the high mountain mine.
Assessment of Gas Cylinder Destruction from the Action of the Flame of a Horizontal Torch when Calculating Fire Risk
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Batmanov S.V.
Published: February 2022

The paper considers potential hazard of block placement of the cylinders with hydrogen and acetylene at the open technological site. The piping of the cylinders of the unit and shut-off and reducing valves are not considered. Analysis of the possibility of cylinders destruction in the block from the action of a horizontal torch during a jet outflow of gas from an emergency cylinder is presented. At the design stage, the prerequisites are considered for excluding from the fire risk calculation the scenario associated with the cascaded destruction of neighboring gas cylinders from the action of a horizontal torch. In the calculation of fire risk, the action of a horizontal torch on the adjacent cylinders leads to their destruction along the entire length of the burning torch. The main parameters of the jet outflow of hydrogen and acetylene from the holes of various diameters in the cylinder body are calculated. Graphical dependences of the maximum value of the thermal radiation of horizontal and vertical torches during the combustion of hydrogen and acetylene at different distances from the source were obtained by a numerical method. Based on the video material of the fire in the warehouse of acetylene cylinders, a qualitative assessment of the duration of the onset of cascaded destruction of cylinders in blocks is presented. Various methods of testing and fire effects on gas cylinders are analyzed to identify the minimum duration before the hull depressurization. The factors that can cause damage to the acetylene cylinder body without destruction are presented. The parameters of the acetylene-oxygen flame used for cutting metals of various thicknesses are evaluated and compared with the flare outflow from the cylinder. The minimum duration of flame exposure to the cylinder body, for through-burning, is substantiated, depending on the design and the stored gas. Additional ways of protecting gas cylinders in the block from possible exposure to the flame of a horizontally flowing gas jet are proposed.
Improving the Design of an Industrial Exoskeleton Prototype Using Innovative Technologies
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», Gerasimova A.A. , Karfidov A.O. ,   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», Vasilyev M.V. ,   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», Karfidova A.O. ,   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS»
Published: February 2022

The work is devoted to the study and improvement of the design efficiency of industrial exoskeletons. Such devices are needed to perform the work that requires high physical activity in various production processes. To determine the optimal design, the developments of foreign and domestic markets were studied. It was revealed that the exoskeleton developed by Karfidov Lab LLC has the highest performance characteristics compared to the analogues. However, this design lacks a convenient saddle attachment system to support the user, and the exoskeleton is heavy — 6 kg. The authors proposed the modernization of the design of an industrial exoskeleton for the lower extremities. Modernization is associated with the use of solutions aimed at reducing the weight of the exoskeleton, as well as improving ergonomics by developing a saddle for each leg of the exoskeleton and a user fixation system. For this purpose, a solid-state 3D model and design documentation for producing exoskeleton were developed in the SolidWorks environment. To reduce the weight of the exoskeleton, plastic parts were used. The exoskeleton provides support for the user body, made in the form of a vest, as well as a fixation system in the form of straps located on the foot, shin, and thigh. To ensure increased shock absorption with an active exoskeleton, a gas spring manufactured by Suspa, model Varilock EL2-111-79-600N, was installed. To increase the strength of plastic parts, the reinforcement method was used. A saddle is introduced that provides a soft contact between the user and the system in the active and passive positions of the exoskeleton. The main requirements for the modernized development were the low cost of the final product and the lightness of the overall mass of the structure.
Keragaman Jenis Opisthobranchia di Taman Laut 17 Pulau Riung, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Ngole Maria M. , Oliva Pantang K , Zahida Felicia , Sidharta Boy R.
Published: February 2022

Penelitian inventarisasi jenis Opisthobranchia telah dilakukan untuk menunjang ekowisata di daerah Taman Laut 17 Pulau Riung. Taman laut ini terletak di kecamatan Riung, Kabupaten Ngada, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kawasan ini di sebelah barat dibatasi oleh kabupaten Manggarai dan disebelah timur oleh desa Nggolonio, di utara dibatasi dengan laut Flores dan di selatan oleh Desa Wangka, Alo Mamek, dan Ten Terong. Areanya meliputi lima buah desa yaitu desa Lengkosambi, Tadho, Benteng Tengah, Nangamese dan Sambinasi. Secara geografis terletak antara 8o20’30” – 8o28’30” LS hingga 90o55’30” – 90o09’00” BT. Luas daratan sekitar 5 ha dan terumbu karang seluas 7.500 ha (Anonim a dan b. 1993). Opisthobranchia amat disukai oleh penyelam dan penggemar fotografi bawah laut dari mancanegara, namun masih amat sedikit penelitiannya di Indonesia
Prospek Pengembangan Metode Identifikasi Spesies Burung berdasarkan Spektrum Suara menggunakan Analisis Spektogram
Authors: Irwandi Irwandi , Marwan Marwan , Mahmud A. Hadi , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Bird species can be identified using bird’s sound. Research about sound bird identification is lacking in Indonesia. This research is initial study to classify bird based on sound and its spectrum. The research was done in Laboratory of Animal Anatomy to record bird sample sound and Laboratory of Computation Physics for data analysis. This research used five recorded sound birds, i.e. Blue-Crowned (Loriculus galgulus), Greater Green (Chloropsis sonnerati), Black-Crested (Pycnonotus melanicterus), Long-Tailed (Lanius schach), and Asian Pied Starling (Sturnus contra). Identification of bird sound spectrum has been done using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. Bird sounds and spectral that plotted in time-domain and in frequency-domain, were indicated unique pattern lead to bird identification method. The result showed that five birds recorded had different sound characteristics, both in time domain and sound spectrum frequency domain. The sound spectrum identification method can be used as initial step toward bird species classification called sono-taxonomy.
Penelitian Tentang Biologi Reproduksi pada Brill (Colistium guntheri Hutton, 1926) di Perairan Otago Selatan, New Zealand
Authors: Setyono Dwi Eny
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan gonad, musim pemijahan dan fekunditas ikan sebelah “brill” (Colistium guntheri Hutton, 1926) di perairan Otago Selatan, New Zealand telah diamati selama satu tahun. Sampel ikan ditangkap setiap bulan menggunakan “bottom otter trawl”. Indeks gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad dan distribusi frekuensi ukuran telur digunakan untuk menentukan perkembangan gonad dan musim pemijahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan populasi ikan “brill” jantan dan betina tidak berbeda nyata dari 1 : 1. Pada ukuran panjang tubuh yang sama, ikan betina mempunyai berat badan yang lebih besar dari pada ikan jantan. Hasil analisa histologi menunjukkan bahwa C. guntheri termasuk kelompok ikan yang mempunyai perkembangan telur secara sinkroni. Berdasarkan perubahan nilai indeks gonad dan perkembangan ovari, jenis ikan ini diketahui mengalami pematangan gonad yang sangat cepat pada akhir musim gugur (Juni), yaitu ditandai dengan peningkatan nilai indeks gonad secara drastis dan ovari didominasi oleh telur pada tingkat kematangan akhir (final maturation stage). Musim pemijahan dimulai pada akhir musim dingin (Agustus) sampai musim panas (Januari), ditandai dengan penurunan nilai indeks gonad secara nyata dan ovari didominasi oleh telur yang telah masak (mature), hidrasi (hydrated) dan paska ovulasi (postovulatory). Fekunditas (batch fecundity) ditentukan dengan menghitung semua telur yang telah masak, mencakup sekitar 34% dari total telur di dalam ovari. Pada pengamatan ini diketahui bahwa fekunditas (Y) proporsional dengan berat gonad dalam gram (Wg) dengan persamaan regresi Y = 103 [(4.34 + 20.06 (Wg)], R2 = 0.95, dan fekunditas relatif per gram berat gonad adalah 18.760+1.150 telur.
Induksi Pembungaan Rambutan dengan Aplikasi Paklobutrazol
Authors: Prawitasari Theresia , Dorly Dorly , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2022

Rambutan fruit have a great potential to be developed as an exported commodity. The constraint is the existence of biannual bearing characteristic of the plant, which is an alternation of fruit yield between on year and off year. This condition resulted in a problem in product availability continuity. The aim of this research was to induce rambutan plant flowering in the off year with the application of paclobutrazol. There were three doses of paclobutrazol treatment including 0 g/tree, 1.5 g/tree, and 3 g/tree. Bud dormancy as an implication of paclobutrazol application were broken by the application of KNO3 at 20 g/l concentration. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized factorial design 3X2 in triplicate. The result showed that paclobutrazol treatment was able to induce rambutan flowering in the off year. Paclobutrazol treatment significantly increased the number of generative buds. Based on the generative bud percentage, the higher doses of paclobutrazol application the stronger stimulus of flowering. Paclobutrazol treatment also reduced the inflorescences length and increased the chlorophyll content of the flowering support leaves. It seems that application at dose 3 g/tree caused bud dormancy but dose 1.5 g/tree did not. Bud dormancy as a result of paclobutrazol application could be broken by the KNO3 application. The optimum dose to induced rambutan flowering was 1.5 g/tree because this dose seems did not caused bud dormancy and gave a higher number of generative buds compared to 3 g/tree dose.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Jarak Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Tiga Varietas Kedelai (Baluran, Bromo, dan Galunggung)
Authors: Djukri Djukri
Published: February 2022

The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of sunlight radiation distribution in canopy on soybean plants biomass at different planting distances. This research was done experimentally using the Block Design. The independent variables were the soybean varieties and planting distance. The varieties used were Baluran, Bromo, and Galunggung and the planting distance used was 15x15 cm2 and 25x25 cm2 as blocks with 10 replications. The dependent variables were sunlight intensity and the plants biomass. The result of the research indicated that after 40 planting days, the sunlight intensity in the canopy, at soybean varieties factors was significant (p<0.05), and the planting distance was significant too. The plant biomass indicated that varieties factors had a significant effect (p<0.05), but the planting distance factors were not significant (p>0.05).
Perburuan Satwa di Papua (Short Reviewer)
Authors: Pattiselanno Freddy
Published: February 2022

Many people in West Papua value forest for the benefits obtained from the extraction of plants and animals. Hunting and gathering of wild animals has always been and continues to be an important aspect of life in rural West Papuan communities. Even in modern days, some ethnic groups in West Papua depend almost entirely on hunting as a part of their tradition (Pattiselanno, 2003). In other words, hunting is one of the main ways of living.
Aktivitas Harian Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) di Hutan Karet Kabupaten Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Soendjoto Mochamad Arief , Alikodra Hadi Sukadi , Bismark Muhammad , Setijanto Heru
Published: February 2022

The daily activities of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) living inrubber forests are poorly understood. The objectives of the research were to studyits daily movement pattern and to determine the time proportion of daily behaviors.The movement of the monkeys was followed by researchers on foot. The behaviorswere observed by scan technique in 15 second intervals for 30 minutes. In rubberforests, lowlands (baruh) were places where the monkey began and ended dailymovements and also conducted most activities. Most inter-water movements of themonkey (about 70%) were conducted twice a day. Statistically, movement distanceand rainfall were negatively and significantly correlated (ґs = -0.58; p < 0.05; n = 14).The monkey spent more time for feeding in the morning and afternoon, and restingat midday. Most behaviors of feeding, resting, playing, and grooming (84.01%) wereconducted at a tree height of less than 15 m. The monkeys moved farther during thedry season to get water and did activities in accordance with height strata to getvarious foods, avoided disturbances, and got comfortable and safe places.
The Reproductive Patterns of Two South Australian Mytilid Species: Brachidontes erosus (Lamarck, 1819) and Brachidontes rostratus (Dunker, 1857).
Authors: Ompi Medy
Published: February 2022

Pola reproduksi dari dua jenis Kerang, Brachidontes erosus dan Brachidontes rostratus di perairan laut Port Lincoln, Australia Selatan, Australia ditentukan berdasarkan ukuran telur, pola settlement selama 18 bulan, dan juga aktivitas pemijahan di laboratorium. Gamet dari B. erosus nampak mulai berkembang pada bulan Februari dan mencapai puncak pada bulan September, sekaligus sebagai awal pemijahan, yang mencapai klimaks pada bulan November sampai bulan Januari. Jenis B. rostratus nampak memiliki dua puncak matang gonad, yang satu terjadi di bulan Juli dan puncak matang gonad kedua terjadi pada bulan November sampai Februari. Puncak pemijahan dari jenis ini berada di bulan Februari sampai dengan April. Kerang B. erosus memiliki ukuran diameter telur lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jenis kerang B. rostratus. Faktor-faktor seperti makanan, suhu perairan, karakter kerang dan kondisi perairan lainnya kemungkinan mempengaruhi pola reproduksi kedua jenis kerang ini.
Notes of Honey Buzzard and Other Birds in Dumai and Rupat Island, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sukmantoro Wishnu , Cye Lim Kim , Tiah Lim Au , Iqbal Mohammad , Ng Francis
Published: February 2022

Dumai are a town that located coastal area in the Nothern part of Pekan Baru, a capital city of Riau Province (1o 41’ 04.1” N, 101o 26’ 14,1” E). Dumai is margined directly by Rupat Island and Bengkalis Island in the North and Duri District in the South and East. On February 17, survey is conducted in Dumai harbour which vegetation are dominated rural plant and small scale mangrove. Only few records of bird are reported on 1980 such as storm stork Ciconia stormi (Holmes 1980).
Pengaruh Jarak Penyekat dalam Fotobioreaktor Tubular terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur Mikroalga Ankistrodesmus convulutus
Authors: Chrismadha Tjandra , Rustiani Tenni , Rosidah Rosidah , Mardiati Yayah
Published: February 2022

A series of partition was constructed inside a vertical tubular photobioreactor to control the culture distribution in obtaining intermittent exposure to light area in the surface of the tubular column. A microalga, Ankistrodesmus convulutus, was grown in a batch mode in the reactor with PHM medium, light sources of fluorescent lamp 3 x 40 watt (I = 5.500 lux on the surface of the tubular) and room temperature of 27 – 310C. The experiment was carried out to study the influence of partition density which was constructed at varied distance, which were 1, 2 and 3 inch on the growth and biochemical composition of the alga. A vertical tubular photobioreactor without partition was applied as the control. The partition density did not significantly affect the optical density achievement of the culture, but it significantly affected the biomass and chlorophyll concentration, as well as the protein/carbohydrate ratio of the culture. It is believed that the intermittent exposure of algal cell to the light area leads to sincronization of the light and dark reaction of the photosynthesis, as well as to vapor the catalitic proccesses to develop the functional cell structure.
Perilaku Makan Badak Sumatera di Suaka Rhino Sumatera, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung
Authors: Suharto Ignatius , Rustiati Elly Lestari , Adi Marcelus
Published: February 2022

Research on the feeding behaviour, feeding plants and the way to access the plants has been conducted on Sumateran rhinos at and in collaboraton with Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park, Lampung, by scanning and rapid assessment methods. Feeding activity is done during day time, especially in the morning (05.00-10.00) and in the afternoon (14.00-18.00). Plants consumed include saplings (42%), followed by trees (30%), seedlings (20%) and liana (8%). Cutting (86%) is the most common way to access the food sources, followed by pulling (9%), pushing by its head and holding in between front legs (4%) and twisting by its horn (1%).
Pseudo-Nitzschia pseudodelicatissima Isolated From Hurun Bay: Salinity Tolerance and Domoic Acid Content
Authors: Panggabean Lily
Published: February 2022

Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima dari sampel perairan Teluk Hurun, Lampung berhasil diisolasi dan dikultur dalam medium F/2 dengan penyinaran 2500 luks 12 jam per hari pada suhu 24-250C. Perlakuan salinitas menunjukkan bahwa P. pseudodelicatissima tidak toleran terhadap salinitas kurang dari 15 PSU dan sangat toleran terhadap salinitas yang tinggi hingga mencapai 45 PSU (Pressure Salinity Unit). Salinitas optimum untuk pertumbuhan P.pseudodelicatissima yaitu pada 30 dan 35 PSU. Analisis ekstrak P. pseudodelicatissima, 9 hari sesudah inokulasi, menggunakan HPLC-UV tidak menunjukkan adanya kandungan asam domoat.
Sistematik Numerik Strain-Strain Anggota Genus Pseudomonas Pendegradasi Alkilbenzen Sulfonat Liniar Berdasarkan Sifat Fenotip dan Protein Fingerprinting
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Sembiring Langkah , Subagja Jusup , Ardyati Tri , Lisdiana Lisa
Published: February 2022

Bacteria strains consisting of Pseudomonas sp. strain J and R isolated from river ecosystem polluted and Pseudomonas sp. strain A and B isolated from river ecosystem unpolluted by detergent were capable to degrade of LAS. The objective of this research was to determine similarity value by numerically of LAS-degrading Pseudomonas strains based on phenotype character and protein fingerprinting using three reference strains consist of Pseudomonas putida FNCC071, P. fluorescens FNCC070, and P. aeruginosa FNCC063. Phenotype characteristics examined are cellular and colony morphology, biochemical nature, capability to degrade polysaccharide, tolerance to various environmental factors and antibiotics, and ability to ferment sugar. Cellular protein fingerprinting was analyzed using SDS–PAGE discontinuous. Strains classification was determined based on Simple Matching Method similarity index by UPGMA (Unweight Pair Group Method with Average) algorithm. Based on phenotype nature, all strains have similarity value 0.61; however, based on cellular protein fingerprinting, those strains have similarity value 0.52. All strains of LAS-degraded were including in the genus of Pseudomonas.
Pengaruh Bahan Organik dan Suhu Pengeringan terhadap Ketahanan Hidup Aspergillus niger dalam Pupuk Pelet Bio-fosfat
Authors: Sastro Yudi , Widianto Donny , Prijambada Irfan D.
Published: February 2022

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of organic matter and drying temperature on Aspergillus niger survivability in the rock phosphate pellet fertilizer namely bio-phosphate. The research was arranged by a completely randomized design 3x3x6. Addition of the mixing of tapioca waste, rice bran, and starch (BOC) and the humic substance (BH) in the bio-phosphate, and its drying temperature (SP) were the treatments. Aspergillus niger inoculums survivability in the bio-phosphate was determined using plating methods. The result showed that the addition of BOC decreased amount of A. niger in the bio-phosphate up to 28.0%, while the BH increased the amount of A. niger up to 24.4%. The ideal drying temperature of bio-phosphate pellet fertilizer was 600C.
Keragaman Genetik Bulu Babi (Echinoidea)
Authors: Toha Abdul Hamid A.
Published: February 2022

Bulu babi adalah hewan Avertebrata laut yang kaya manfaat. Organisme yang tergolong dalam kelas Echinoidea ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan bergizi (Darsono & Sukarno, 1993; Nontji, 2002), berguna dalam ekologi (Lawrence, 1975; Lang & Schroeter, 1976), dan bernilai ekonomis penting. Bulu babi juga berfungsi sebagai organisme hiasan dan digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan untuk pengobatan penyakit (Angka & Suhartono, 2000). Beberapa ahli menggunakan bulu babi sebagai salah satu organisme paling populer untuk mempelajari biologi reproduksi (Vacquier et al., 1995), embriologi (Davidson et al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999), toksikologi (Dinnel et al., 1989), regulasi gen (Davidson et al., 2002), dan biologi evolusi (Peterson et al., 2000).
Identifikasi Awal Bakteri pada Juwana Trochus niloticus Linn. dan Tridacna squamosa Linn. Asal Hatchery Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar
Authors: Litaay Magdalena , Gobel Risco B. , Abdullah As’adi , Subair Subair
Published: February 2022

The research on early identification of bacterial from juveniles top shell (Trochus niloticus L.) and giant clam (Tridacna squamosa Linn.) was conducted at Unhas’s hatchery at Barrang Lompo island during August-October 2006. Bacteriology test was done at Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department, Math and Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The quantitative test was done using Most Probable Number (MPN) and Standard Plate Count (SPC) methods. While the qualitative test included bacteria colony observation, macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical test. Macroscopic observation was done by assessing the form, elevation, color, ridge, and inner structure of bacterial colony. Microscopic observation was conducted by using Gram and spora stain. The result of MPN method shows the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 17.5 x 102 cell/ml and for giant clam is 6.65 x 102 cell/ml, while SPC results indicate the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 4.8 x 105 cell/ml and for giant clam is 3.0 x 105 cell/ml, respectively. The result of biochemical test identifies 5 genera of bacteria such as Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Escherichia and Enterobacter.
Menggugat Bias Temperate dalam Ekologi Perilaku Burung (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Yuda Ign. Pramana
Published: February 2022

Daerah tropis memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi, misalnya saja lebih kurang 80% jenis burung petengger (passerine bird) hidup dan berbiak di daerah tropis. Namun barangkali belum banyak yang mengetahui bahwa beberapa teori dalam biologi dan ekologi burung lebih banyak didasarkan pada pengamatan empirik dan pemodelan yang menggunakan jenis burung dari daerah beriklim sedang (temperate). Hal ini tidak terlepas dari persebaran ahli yang sebagian besar terkonsentrasi dan melakukan penelitian di daerah tersebut baik Eropa maupun Amerika Utara. Celakanya, pola perilaku burung, misalnya, yang ditemukan di daerah tersebut selama ini telah dianggap sebagai norma perilaku umum untuk semua jenis burung. Apakah jenis-jenis burung di daerah tropis mengikuti norma perilaku umum tersebut?
Pengaruh Kombinasi Tapioka dan Tepung Kedelai terhadap Kualitas Sosis Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch)
Authors: Agatha Prima Novi , Purwijantiningsih Ekawati , Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

Sausage is food product made from mix ture of minced meat (contain meat more than 75%), flour or starch with or without additional spices, and other allowed food additive. Sausage made from meat usually has a higher content of fat, which in many cases usually caused serious health problem. To reduce the fat content in sausages, the researchers try to combine cassava starch with soybean flour. Soybean flour was used in combination with cassava starch because it reduced of cholesterol in blood, reduced oil absorption while frying. Soybean flour is a kind of food material that has higher content of protein but low fat, and it has complete essential amino acids. This research was conducted to find out the influence of cassava starch and soybean flour combinations to produce good quality of seabass sausages. In this experiment, cassava starch and soybean flour combination were as follows 90:10; 80:20; and 70:30. The result showed that the combination of cassava starch with soybean flour increase water content, ash content, protein content and fat content but elasticity and carbohydrate content were decrease.