bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Sensing for Internet of Things Systems
Authors: Li-Ling Hung Li-Ling Hung
Published: January 2022

The Internet of things (IoT) has been used for many applications. These applications are accomplished by numerous sensors that detect and share information. When people use the detected information in an IoT system to improve the performance of services, also called the intelligence of the system, this type of IoT is named artificial intelligence of things. This paper proposes a model for improving the flexibility of sensors to enhance the intelligence of IoT. The model defines the quality levels of events and monitoring data for all types of monitoring. In the model, the data or events with different levels have different transmission priority. To reduce energy consumption of detection and transmission, the detecting period of sensors can be set to be longer when the monitored status is normal. In the model application, the sensors shorten the event detection and reaction times. Therefore, the efficiency of monitoring is enhanced. The evaluation demonstrates that the event detection and response times of the proposed mechanism are better than those of other mechanisms.

 
PEMBUATAN VIDEO PENGGALANGAN DANA UNTUK MEMBANTU PEMBANGUNAN SEKOLAH ULUWWUL HIMMAH MELALUI MEDIA TV BROADCAST
Authors: Zunaidi Muhammad , Tugiono Tugiono , Taufik Faisal , Hutagalung Juniar , Hafizah Hafizah
Published: January 2022

Every operational activity of an organization or institution cannot be separated from the need for costs or funds, including costs or funds for school construction and development. Therefore, there are many types of efforts that can be made to obtain funds to cover these operational costs, one of which is through voluntary fundraising from the community. The forms of fundraising that are carried out are varied, one of which is through television broadcast media (TV Broadcast) which can reach all regions, both at home and abroad. To be able to broadcast this fundraising information to the public, a solution is needed in the form of an effort to make a video recording containing an invitation and accompanied by a visual display of the condition of the school that needs the funding. For this reason, as one of the Tridharma obligations of higher education among the academic community, a service team was formed to make videos containing an invitation to the community to help develop schools in the form of fundraising, the information of which was disseminated through satellite television broadcast media (TV Broadcast), and this service activity took the title "Making a Fundraising Video for the Construction of the Medan Uluwwul Himmah Islamic School Building Through Broadcast TV Media".
PELATIHAN PENGUKURAN PH AIR KOLAM IKAN BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Azmi Zulfian , Ishak Ishak , Hendro Yopi , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Air merupakan komponen penting dalam budidaya perikanan, karena di dalam air ikan dan hewan air lainnya hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang. Air harus terjaga kualitas agar memenuhi kebutuhan ikan untuk hidup. pH air harus benar-benar diperhatikan dalam menjaga kualitas air. Alat pengukur pH      air atau pH meter menggunakan sensor pH- Vernier berbasis arduino dengan tampilan digital. Keunggulan dari sensor pH _Vernier merupakan tegangan output yang cukup besar.Hasil pengukuran dan pengujian dari alat yang dibuat terbukti cukup akurat dan stabil dengan nilai error yang sangat rendah dan hasil pembacaan dapat terlihat pada LCD. Kata Kunci: Vernier_sensor,  Arduino, LCD[K1] [H2] , Budidaya, pH [K1]Kata kunci paling sedikit 5 [H2]
Parenting Training: Melihat Pengaruhnya Terhadap Gerak Mobilisasi Sendi Bagi Penyadang Cerebral Palsy di Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Nini Klemensia
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk memperoleh data mengenai pengaruh parenting training terhadap mobilisasi  sendi anak  Cerebral Palsy. Subjek penelitiannya ialah orangtua dari anak Cerebral Palsy. Teknik pengambilan data dengan observasi dan kuesioner. Instrumen yang dipakai terkait metode kuesioner ini ialah angket dengan skala bertingkat. Sedangkan instrumen untuk observasi dalam bentuk chek list. Variable bebasnya parenting training (X) sedangkan variable terikatnya ialah peningkatan luas gerak  sendi (Y) Sample yang dipakai ialah sample random sampling. Jenis penelitiannya ialah penelitian kuantitatif. Desain penelitiannya ialah studi korelasional. Jenis hubungan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah hubungan simetris. Jumlah populasinya 25 orang, sedangkan samplenya berjumlah 23 orang. Dalam hal analisa data, peneliti mencari dan menghitung koefisien korelasi antar variable. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Besarnya hubungan atau pengaruh parenting training terhadap mobilisasi sendi anak Cerebral Palsy sebesar .Jadi, pengaruhnya ada pada level “cukup”. Persentase hasil dari Keamatan. Singosari 73,4%, dan Kecamatan. Lawang sebesar 67%.
Efektivitas Media Dekak-Dekak Pada Operasi Penjumlahan 1-10 Bagi Siswa Tunagrahita Ringan Kelas 1 SLB-YPAC Kota Malang
Authors: Yuniarti Neny , Subasno Yohanes
Published: January 2022

Peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus tunagrahita ringan memiliki keterbatasan intelektual, terutama dalam berpikir abstrak.  Hal itu menjadi faktor penyebab utama rendahnya prestasi belajar khususnya bidang berhitung (matematika). Pemilihan media belajar yang sesuai dengan karakteristik tunagrahita ringan sangat penting untuk menjembatani unsur abstrak dan konkret sehingga mudah dipahami. Media dekak-dekak menjadi salah satu media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam operasi penjumlahan bagi tunagrahita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur efektifitas penggunaan media dekak-dekak pada operasi penjumlahan 1-10 bagi siswa tunagrahita ringan kelas 1 Sekolah Luar Biasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, yang memberikan batasan efektifitas berdasar kriteria ketuntatasn minimal (KKM) 75 poin nilai.  Seorang siswa, guru kelas, dan seorang pengamat berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian mencatat nilai 50 poin pada pra siklus, nilai 70 poin pada siklus pertama, dan nilai 80 poin pada siklus kedua. Dengan demikian media dekak-dekak efektif untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran operasi penjumlahan 1-10 bagi siswa tunagrahita ringan.
ST. YOSEF SEBAGAI TELADAN PELAYAN PASTORAL
Authors: Hatmoko Tomas Lastari
Published: January 2022

St. Joseph in the Catholic Church has a special place as a protector of the universal Church. Coinciding with the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and the celebration of St. Joseph, the Apostolic Letter "Patris Corde" provides an overview, as well as a reflection on the personality and life of Father Joseph.  By exploring the letter and writing of St. Joseph through literature study, it becomes clearly that his personality should be a lifestyle of pastoral servants. The sincerity and patronage of St. Joseph is the basic personality of a pastoral minister needed even in a difficult pandemic situation like this. The way of St. Joseph in facing his situation, it became an inspiration and model in data-based pastoral work and management of pastoral in the Church.
Peran Dan Sikap Pengasuh Terhadap Anak Tunarungu-Wicara Di Kompleks Halimun Bhakti Luhur Malang
Authors: Nini Klemensia , Muinesu Yustina
Published: January 2022

Peran dan sikap pengasuh sangat berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan baik fisik maupun psikis terutama terhadap anak tunarungu wicara. Semakin baik peran dan sikap pengasuh terhadap anak tunarungu-wicara, semakin baik pula pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Sebaliknya semakin lemah peran dan sikap pengasuh terhadap anak tunarungu wicara maka semakin buruk pula pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Tugas para pengasuh tidak cukup hanya dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan fisiknya saja tetapi juga harus memperhatikan kebutuhan psikologisnya seperti kasih sayang, perhatian, rasa aman, dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana peran dan sikap pengasuh terhadap anak tunarungu wicara di kompleks Bhakti Luhur Halimun serta  faktor pendukung dan penghambat peran dan sikap pengasuh ketika mendampingi anak tunarungu wicara.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian  kualitatif – deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Sikap kurang sabar ditunjukkan oleh pengasuh pada waktu mendampingi tunarungu-wicara, 2) Pengasuh kurang terampil dalam berkomunikasi dengan anak tunarungu-wicara, 3) Pengasuh menampilkan sikap yang kurang tepat seperti mendiamkan dan mengabaikan anak tunarungu -wicara bila ada konflik dengannya, 4) Ada usaha dari pengasuh untuk bersikap lemah lembut terhadap anak tunarungu-wicara, 5).Sikap beberapa pengasuh terhadap anak tunarungu-wicara adalah rasa kasihan yang mendorong pengasuh untuk memberikan perhatian yang berlebihan, 6). Ada usaha dari beberapa pengasuh untuk memahami karakter anak sehingga dapat membantu mengarahkan anak, 7) Beberapa pengasuh berusaha mempelajari bentuk  komunikasi yang digunakan oleh anak meskipun terbatas.8) Peran dapat dijalankan dengan baik hanya saja kurang dibarengi sikap hati yang memadai.
Uma ferramenta para diagnóstico de (in)sucesso acadêmico: um estudo de caso do curso de bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação
Authors: Rocha Pedro Paulo Dantas Franco , Nascimento Samara Martins , Sousa Reudismam Rolim de
Published: January 2022

Um problema recorrente em Instituições de Ensino Superior é a evasão estudantil, a qual é ocasionada devido a diferentes motivações, como trabalho, difícil metodologia, entre outros. Esta problemática gera consequências pessoais, profissionais e econômicas. Alguns dos cursos que passam por esse obstáculo são os cursos da área de Tecnologia da Informação. Para entender a problemática, é possível verificar essas informações através de tecnologias computacionais, como na construção de ferramentas capazes de revelar a situação dos alunos em determinadas disciplinas e, de posse dessas informações, elaborar estratégias que permitam resolver ou reduzir evasões ou abandonos. A fim de contribuir acerca do conhecimento dos dados relacionados à Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido e compreender como está atualmente o curso de Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação, este presente trabalho é proposto. Assim, será desenvolvida uma ferramenta para visualização de dados, que possibilite aos gestores da educação a análise com precisão e eficiência da situação dos alunos do curso validado, permitindo que os mesmos tenham melhorias no processo de tomadas de decisões para resolução de problemas.
واقع ممارسات إدارة المواهب وأثرها في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي: دراسة تطبيقية على الوزارات الفلسطينية في محافظات الضفة الغربية
Authors: ابو زيادة زكي , جاد الله محمد
Published: January 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع ممارسات إدارة المواهب وأثرها في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي لدى الوزارات الفلسطينية في محافظات الضفة الغربية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما تم استخدام الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات اللازمة من عينة الدراسة المكونة من (347) مبحوثاً، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج أهمها: وجود درجة متوسطة لممارسات إدارة المواهب لدى الوزارات الفلسطينية بمحافظات الضفة الغربية وبنسبة مئوية مقدارها (64.8%)، ووجود تميز تنظيمي بدرجة مرتفعة بلغت نسبتها (73.2%)، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود تأثير دال إحصائياً لممارسات إدارة المواهب للدرجة الكلية في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي للدرجة الكلية ولجميع أبعاده لدى الوزارات الفلسطينية في محافظات الضفة الغربية. وفي ضوء النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة تم تقديم العديد من التوصيات الهادفة إلى تفعيل دور ممارسات إدارة المواهب في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي.
Formulation of Brown Rice Flour Cookies Combination with Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium Polyanthum) as a Functional Food
Authors: Zaddana Cantika , Almasyhuri Almasyhuri , Alfitri Dena , Nurmala Sara , Sulistiyono Fitria Dewi
Published: January 2022

Functional food is a processed food that contains more than one component which based on scientific studies has benefits for the health of the body. Functional foods can be classified into several types based on the food source and the processing method. This study aims to determine the proximate composition, fiber and flavonoid contents, and the effect of the varying concentrations of the bay leaf extract on the cookies. Three formulas of bay leaf extract were made with different concentrations. The formula I use 3.0%, formula II uses 2.5%, and formula III uses 2%. The results of the hedonic test analysis showed that the best formula was formula III with a concentration of 2% bay leaf extract. These results indicate that the concentration of the bay leaf extract affects the taste and aroma of the cookies, even though it does not affect the color and texture.  By using formula III, proximate tests were also carried out on these cookies to determine water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and carbohydrate content. The proximate test results showed that the cookies met the quality requirements of cookies set by SNI 2973-2011. In formula III cookies, the content of flavonoids was 1.4278%, and food fiber was 6.04%.
An Account of Phytodiversity in Forest Patches of Bardhaman District, West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharya Archan , Mukherjee Ambarish
Published: January 2022

Bardhaman (previously Burdwan) is a Western district of West Bengal. There are forest patches of tropical Dry Sal type (4B-C2A3). Out of 382 species of vascular plants, species ratio of dicot, monoct and pteridophyte is 295:80:7. Dicots score higher percentages over monocots and thus have greater contribution to the flora. Williams’ Index (956.75) and most families with few species, indicate a heterogeneous and diverse community. As per ten dominant families, Nadia is closest district of Bardhaman while Hooghly is farthest. Relative percent values of Tree, Shrub, Herb and Vine (20.16, 15.97, 48.95 and 14.92 respectively) indicate a discontinuous canopy creating moderate degree of canopy-hindrance. Different patches of the ground noticeably differ in ground vegetation with different plant societies. Different stress factors, changing soil niche and microhabitat and disturbing the regeneration potential are to be addressed for determining ex-ante adequate measures.
Diseases of Rauvolfia Serpentina and their Biocontrol
Authors: Dadwal V. S. , Singh Nisha
Published: January 2022

Disease survey were conducted at Jabalpur, Bhopal, (Madhya Pradesh), Raipur, Bilaspur (Chhatisgarh.), revealed that R. serpentina suffered from leaf spot diseases caused by Mycosphaerella rauvolfiae, Cercospora rauvolfiae, Phoma jolyana, Cladosporium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuis, A. tenuissima. The inflorescence disease caused by Colletotrichun dematium cause heavy loss in seed production. Top dying caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ruavolfiae the fungus infects plants through the roots and invades the water conducting tissues of the plant and causing damage to the plant. Twig blight caused by Corynespora cassicola. Due to above diseases of leaves, inflorescence, roots and twigs led to premature drying, defoliation and death of the entire plant. For the management of above diseases laboratory and field experiments were performed. Laboratory experiments were conducted with biocontrolling agents (Bacillus firmus, B. amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces sp.), cow urine and biopesticide (1 lit cow urine + 100 g fresh leaves each of Azadiracta indica, Ailanthus excelsa and Calotropis procera) to evaluate the best treatment for some of the major pathogens. On the basis of laboratory study foliar spraying in the field were conducted. The results showed that among all treatments Bavistin 0.05% + Streptomyces sp. (106 spores/ ml) showed less disease intensity as well as better seed yield, followed by Bavistin 0.05% + Trichoderma harzianum (106 spores/ml), Bavistin 0.05% and plant tonic (25 ml in 1000 ml). It is concluded that foliar application of Bavistin 0.05% + Streptomyces sp. (106 spores/ml), Bavistin 0.05% + T. harzianum (106 spores/ml), and Bavistin0.05% alone proved effective in protecting leaf spot and inflorescence diseases and increasing of seed production.
Conservation Value of a Sacred Grove
Authors: Bhakat R. , Sen U.
Published: January 2022

This paper attempts to highlight the conservation value of a sacred grove of West Midnapore district in West Bengal. It also discusses some prevailing threats to the grove and recommends certain remedial measures.
Antibacterial Studies of Different Extracts of Adiantum Incisum Forssk. in Doon Valley, Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Maneesha , Singh Arun , Pande H.C.
Published: January 2022

The present study was carried out on the antibacterial activity of Adiantum incisum Forssk. In Doon valley, situated in foot hills of Himalayas. Different extracts of the plant revealed its antibacterial activity against the studied pathogenic bacterial strains.Out of the seven extracts assayed the acetone and ethanol showed maximum activities. Therefore, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of these two extracts was determined against the selected bacteria showing zones of inhibition ≥ 10 mm. The MIC for different strains ranges between 31.25mg/ml to 125mg/ml. These studies revealed that acetone and ethanol extract of Adiantum incisum Forssk. possess good antibacterial activity against bacterial strains that cause various human infections like UTI, meningitis, food poisoning, fever, diarrhea etc.
Faʿāliyyah Istikhdām Ṭarīqah Tamthīl al-Adwār fī Taʿlīm al-Ḥiwār li Tanmiyah Mahārah al-Kalām Ladā Ṭullāb al-Ṣaff al-Awwal bi al-Madrasah al-Thānawiyyah Luqmān al-Hakīm Surabaya
Authors: Ainur Fedya
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan metode bermain peran dalam pengajaran percakapan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas I di Sekolah Menengah Atas Luqman Al Hakim Surabaya.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes, angket dan wawancara. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwasannya penggunaan metode bermain peran untuk pengajaran percakapan efektif dan memberikan pengaruh dalam menumbuhkan atau meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara siswa. Hal itu dapat diketahui karena hasil (to) lebih besar dari (t-table) yaitu 2,77 <17,2> 2,05. Kemudian hasil ini dikuatkan dengan hasil angket yang dibagikan ke siswa bahwasannya 71,43 % dari siswa berpendapat bahwa penggunaan metode bermain peran baik dalam pengajaran percakapan dan baik pula untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara.
Karakteristik Peserta Didik Perspektif Imam Ibnu Jamaʿah
Authors: Maryono Maryono
Published: January 2022

Students who are objects in the educational process are the main pillars in achieving educational goals. In this paper describes the "Characteristics of Students in the Perspective of Imam Ibnu Jamaʿah", through his phenomenal book adzkirah Al-Sāmiʿ wa al-Mutakallim fī al-ʾAdab Al-ʿAlim wa Mutaʿalim. The research method used is qualitative noninteractive because the data source is in the form of documents, not direct data from people in their natural environment. The data analysis used is content analysis, which is research that is in-depth discussion of the content of written information. Imam Ibnu Jamaʿah in Tadzkirah Al-Sāmiʿ wa al-Mutakallim fī al-ʾAdab Al-ʿAlim wa Mutaʿalim mentioned several things that must be possessed by a student so as to make a character for them, including 2 parts, First; characteristics of yourself which include; Cleanse the heart of despicable morals. Improve intention by constantly fighting lust. Make the most of your youth. Has the nature of qana'ah. Managing time. Applying wara '. Second; towards teachers include; Asking Allah for the best choice in choosing a teacher. Obey the teacher's directions according to syar'i. Recognize his teacher's rights and services to him. Be patient with the teacher's attitude. Thank the teacher in all circumstances.
Multimedia Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Halim Andy Fahmi
Published: January 2022

In the entire parts of human life, keeping on being developed and advanced all the time makes the technology has become a part of life that is difficult to escape from. One of the most useful uses of it is in the educational field. By using its advanced technology, the educational system has made it easy for both educators and students.
Nowadays, every mobile devices is possibly applied to learn, particularly to learn Arabic. Through this device, Arabic study will develop so rapidly that students with higher quality than the previous one are effectively produced. In addition, it can increase their interaction, as well as their motivation and enthusiasm to learn.
Well-learning method are those being related to the recent one and in accordance with the students' developing skill. So, to be more effective is by applying the up-to-date learning method inasmuch as students can take advantage of the existing information and technology, and be more actively involved in learning, such as expressing opinions, and analyzing the problem.Kata kunci: Multimedia, Bahasa  Arab,  teknologi
Karakteristik Pendidik Perspektif Imam Ibnu Jamaah
Authors: Maryono Maryono
Published: January 2022

Pendidik merupakan pilar utama dalam menjalankan proses pendidikan, merupakan aktor utama dalam mengantarkan capaian tujuan pendidikan. Dalam tulisan ini memaparkan tentang “Karakteristik Pendidik dalam Perspektif Imam Ibnu Jamaʿah”, melalui bukunya yang fenomenal Tadzkirah Al-Sāmiʿ wa al-Mutakallim fī al-ʾAdab Al-ʿAlim wa Mutaʿalim.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif noninteraktif karena sumber datanya adalah berupa dokumen-dokumen, bukan data langsung dari orang dalam lingkungan alamiahnya. Adapun analisis data yang digunakan adalah Content analysis, yaitu penelitian yang bersifat pembahasan mendalam terhadap isi suatu informasi  tertulis.
Imam Ibnu Jamaʿah dalam Tadzkirah Al-Sāmiʿ wa al-Mutakallim fī al-ʾAdab Al-ʿAlim wa Mutaʿalim meneybutkan beberapa hal yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang pendidik sehingga menjadikan sebuah karakter bagi mereka, di antaranya: Niat ikhlas yang menjadikan tolok ukur amal perbuatan dalam mendidik; Zuhud; Tawāḍu’; Menjaga syiar (identitas) Islam, hal terserbut merupakan karakter agamis yang senantiasa seorang pendidik berhias dengannya. Poin lainnya; Pendidik harus senantiasa meng-upgrade diri, meningkatkan kualitas keilmuan, mencurahkan segala kemampuan, membaca, menghafal, menulis. Dan juga tatkala mengajar senantiasa berusaha optimal dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar, bersemangat dalam mengajar, menggunakan metode dan penyampaian yang mudah serta lemah lembut, bertanya untuk menguji pemahaman peserta didik atas kesesuaian ilmu yang telah dijelaskan, serta mengulangi hafalan untuk menguji mereka.
Studi Hadis “Sebaik-baik Kalian Adalah yang Belajar Al-Qur’an dan Mengajarkannya” dalam Perspektif Naql
Authors: Chusnul Yakin Muh
Published: January 2022

Allah Subḥānallāhu wa Taʿālā menurunkan Al-Qur'an yang Mulia kepada penutup para Nabi dan Rasul: Muhammad - semoga Allah memberkati dia dan memberinya kedamaian-. Nabi, damai dan berkah besertanya, menjadi konstitusi bagi bangsa Islam ke mana ia diutus, dan panduan bagi orang-orang untuk membawa mereka keluar dari kegelapan kepada cahaya dan membimbing mereka ke jalan Yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Terpuji, dan penjelasan dari segala sesuatu, bimbingan, penyembuhan dan rahmat Bagi orang-orang yang beriman, adalah kewajiban bangsa ini untuk meyakini apa yang diturunkan Allah kepadanya, mengikuti apa yang ada di dalamnya, dan menjalankannya. Dan renungkanlah ayat-ayatnya sambil mengerjakan apa yang disyaratkan, menjauhi fitnah, mengajaknya, dan bersabar terhadap bahaya. Sebaik-baik umat ini adalah orang yang mempelajari Al-Qur'an dan ilmunya, dan seburuk-buruk umat ini adalah orang yang menurunkan Al-Qur'an dan kerendahannya, dan dia mempelajarinya. Al-Qur'an dan ajarannya didasarkan pada transmisi dan bukan intelek, karena pikiran tidak diukur dengan pembayaran dan karena Pikiran bervariasi dari satu individu ke individu lainnya.
Evolution of Indian Satellite meteorological programme
Authors: JOSHI P. C. , NARAYANAN M. S. , BHATIA R. C. , MANIKIAM B. , KIRANKUMAR A. S. , JAYARAMAN V.
Published: January 2022

Recent times have witnessed great strides in weather monitoring and forecasting. One of the key contributors to this development has been space based observations. Space technology has emerged as one of the most fascinating technical achievements and is developing as a powerful tool to study the complex earth-atmosphere system.  The space-based observations covering large areas on repetitive basis has been found to be ideal to meet the large observational requirements of weather prediction.  Indian programme in satellite meteorology started with Bhaskara satellites in late seventies and the INSAT 1 series in early 80’s and has now graduated into a full-fledged mission contributing significantly to weather and climate services and research.  The paper highlights the achievements so far and future plans for advanced missions.
The expanded space-based component of the Global Observing System and the role of the coordination group for Meteorological Satellites
Authors: HINSMAN DONALD E.
Published: January 2022

The space-based component of the Global Observing System and its in situ counterpart form the World Weather Watch’s Global Observing System.  The Global Observing System (GOS) was established during the formation of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Watch (WWW).  During the nearly four decades since the formation of the WWW, the space based component of the GOS evolved from a constellation of one or more polar-orbiting meteorological satellites to two constellations comprised of at least two near-polar-orbiting satellites and at least five geostationary environmental observation satellites.  Recently, a third constellation of appropriate Research and Development satellites has been added.  This paper provides an historical description of the space-based configuration of the GOS and the role that the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) has had in its implementation.

 

Fundamental to the space-based configuration has been WMO user requirements.  The WMO technical commission with the lead responsibility for the World Weather Watch is the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS).  CBS has developed a review process to compare user requirements for WMO programmes and WMO supported programmes with expected observing system capabilities.  The evolution of user requirements has resulted in the need for a review of the present configuration of the space-based global observing system. CBS has decided to use its review process to evaluate user requirements and anticipated capabilities in order to propose an evolution of the present configuration.  This paper also describes the review process and recent WMO decisions that are part of a concerted effort to provide a GOS for the following decades capable of meeting the stringent and increasing demands of WMO members.
Atmospheric sounding using GPS radio occultation
Authors: ANTHES RICHARD A. , KUO YING-HWA , ROCKEN CHRISTIAN , SCHREINER WILLIAM S.
Published: January 2022

This paper summarizes the radio occultation (RO) technique for remote sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and GPS receivers on low-Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites.  As the LEO satellites rise and set with respect to the GPS satellites, the radio waves from the GPS satellites are refracted by the Earth’s atmosphere.  Precise measurements of the bending angle of the radio waves are used to derive vertical profiles of atmospheric refractivity, which is a function of electron density in the ionosphere and temperature and water vapor in the stratosphere and troposphere.

 

Results from the GPS/MET, CHAMP, and SAC-C RO missions are summarized, and examples of soundings are presented.  Analysis of the CHAMP and SAC-C data indicates that approximately 45% of CHAMP and SAC-C retrieved radio occultation profiles reach below 1 km altitude, compared to only 35% for GPS/MET. All missions exhibit a negative refractivity bias in the lower troposphere of between 1% and 2% compared to NWP models. When constrained to the tropics, only about 20% of the CHAMP occultation profiles reach 1 km from the surface.

 

Taiwan’s National Space Program Office (NSPO), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and many partners in the university community are developing COSMIC  (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate), a follow-on project for weather and climate, space weather, and geodetic science.  COSMIC plans to launch six satellites in 2005.  Each satellite will retrieve 400-500 daily profiles† of key ionospheric and atmospheric properties from the tracked GPS radio signals as they are occulted behind the Earth limb. The radio occultation sounding data from COSMIC will contribute significantly to atmospheric research, weather forecasting, and climate modeling.
Current thrusts on TRMM and SSM/I based modeling studies on heavy rains and flooding episodes
Authors: KRISHNAMURTI T. N. , VIJAYA KUMAR T. S. V. , MACKEY BRIAN , CUBUCKU NIHAT , ROSS ROBERT S.
Published: January 2022

Our research group at the Florida State University has been using a multianalysis/multimodel approach on real time for the short-range prediction of heavy rains over the tropical belt.  The methodology for the construction of the superensemble forecasts follows our recent publications on this topic.  Recent improvements in multianalysis/multimodel superensemble forecasts of precipitation have led to much higher skills compared to the member models.  This suggested that some useful guidance for regional floods arising from heavy rains might be possible from this approach.  These are 1 to 5 day forecasts where the equitable threat scores for rainfall totals in excess of 25 mm/day have been two to three times better for the superensemble compared to the best member model.  This study includes forecasts using multimodels from a number of global operational centers and a multianalysis component, which is based on the FSU global spectral model that utilizes TRMM and SSM/I data sets and a number of rain rate algorithms.  The differences in the analyses arise from the use of these different rain rate algorithms within physical initialization, which in turn, produces distinct differences among divergence, heating, moisture, and rain rate descriptions.  A total of 11 models, of which 5 represent global operational models and 6 represent multianalysis forecasts from the FSU model initialized by different rain rate algorithms, are embedded in the multianalysis/multimodel system studied here.  The TRMM and the SSM/I rainfall data sets derived from microwave instruments are key to these marked improvements of rainfall forecasts.  The statistical biases of the models are determined from a multiple linear regression of these forecasts against a ‘best’ rainfall analysis field, which is based on a TRMM and SSM/I data set that utilizes rain rate algorithms recently developed at NASA Goddard.  We also display a sequence of computations that illustrate a “walk-through” of a heavy rain episode.  This study specifically deals with recent flood episodes over India, Bangladesh, the United States of America, Mozambique/Madagascar and the Philippines.  These results compare the performance of the superensemble against the best and lowest performing model, the ensemble mean and the control experiment (that does not use any TRMM or SSM/I data sets).  Overall these results show great promise over the current best models.
Intraseasonal oscillations over tropical Indian ocean in relation to monsoon onset and rainfall events over the peninsular India
Authors: SIMON B. , RAHAMAN S. H. , SATHIYAMOORTHY V.
Published: January 2022

Detailed analysis of the satellite derived water vapour for a five years period (1995-1999) prior to and during southwest monsoon is done over the Indian subcontinent and the adjoining seas. Three layer                     (1000 hPa –  700 hPa, 700 hPa –500 hPa  and 500 hPa -300 hPa) and total moisture data available from NOAA/TOVS satellite are used for the analysis. These data are used to study the northward propagating intraseasonal oscillations in the tropical Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon season. Results indicate the presence of intraseasonal oscillations in the middle    (700 hPa – 500 hPa) and the upper level (500 hPa – 300 hPa) water vapour. Wavelet analysis is applied to study the characteristics and time evolution of the intraseasonal oscillations especially over East Arabian Sea (EAS). Intraseasonal oscillations with periods ranging from 8-15 days, 15-30 and 30-60 days are seen over EAS. Heavy rainfall events over west coast of peninsular India are studied before and after the monsoon onset in terms of moisture availability in the middle level and zonal wind speed. The water vapour content and zonal wind speed over the Eastern Arabian Sea are found to influence rainfall over the west coast of India.
Seasonal and spatial characteristics of QPE errors over Indian region
Authors: ROY BHOWMIK S. K. , SUD A. M.
Published: January 2022

The  study  examines the performance of INSAT derived quantitative precipitation estimates( QPE)  for different varying synoptic conditions and also presents  a quantitative assessment of spatial and seasonal characteristics  of these  errors  over  Indian  region making  detailed inter-comparison with  land rainfall observations. The  study  reveals that the  QPE, in general, is able to  capture rainfall pattern associated with different synoptic conditions  and  spatial distribution of mean rainfall of each season. But it has certain seasonal and spatial biases. The rainfall over most part of the country south of Lat. 30° N is under-estimated in all seasons except pre-monsoon.  For the  region north of Lat.  30 ° N where   western disturbances are dominant, rainfall is over estimated.  In the convective season of pre-monsoon, QPE has got very high degree of correspondence with the observed rainfall.
Prevailing weather conditions during the monsoon period of 1990 over Jodhpur region
Authors: DAS N. , BOSE M. , DE U.  K.
Published: January 2022

The Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment (MONTBLEX) was an intense multi-institutional effort to probe the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the monsoon trough region of the Gangetic Plains in 1990. For this experiment, four micrometeorological towers were set up at four different locations along the normal position of the trough axis over Northern India. One such tower of 30 m height was located at Jodhpur (26.3° N, 73° E), Rajasthan in the campus of Central Arid Zone Research Institute. This tower had six levels of instrumentation at 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m, 15m and 30m heights, which are termed here as Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th level respectively. Both fast as well as slow response sensors at various levels of the tower (Rudrakumar and Prabhu, 1991) were utilized. In the present study, we have presented the results evaluated both from fast and slow response data, 6 levels of cup anemometers and wind vanes, 4 levels of slow response temperature sensors and 2 levels of fast response temperature sensors are presented.

 

The purpose of the present work is to find out the suitable layer for evaluating sensible heat flux for the Jodhpur region with the help of multilayer hypothesis.
A simple new crop model based on water balance for agrometeorological crop monitoring
Authors: GHADEKAR S. R.
Published: January 2022

A simple new crop model based on water balance concept for crop monitoring is developed. The main distinctive features of the model are use of two layer soil water balance, effectivity of precipitation, weekly assessment of water fulfillment of the crop and an index value in percentage accumulated during a season expressing performance of the crop. The maximum cumulative seasonal index value of 100 is apportioned equally into weeks required by a crop to complete the growth. Actual weekly contribution is evaluated on the basis of deficits and surplus experienced by a crop and value accumulated during a season is reached. The model is tested against actual observations in shifting sowing date experiment conducted on sorghum on the vertisols of Nagpur under monsoon conditions. The model has exhibited excellent correlation ship between yield and the total seasonal index value. The linear relationship between the two can be used to predict yields. The model can give better results in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub humid regions in rainfed agriculture under monsoon.
Pre-harvest estimation of wheat yield for NW India using climate and weather forecast
Authors: ATTRI S. D. , RATHORE L. S.
Published: January 2022

The yield of a cultivar at any given location depends highly on  weather experienced during its life cycle interalia nutrition, soil moisture and management practices. Accurate weather prediction may help farmers to capitalise on benevolent weather and to take adequate steps to protect crops from adverse weather events. This task may be accomplished using crop simulation models linked with climate and weather forecast. But, reliability of weather forecast must be assessed in various agroclimatic zones before their adoption on operational basis.

 

For this purpose, evaluated CERES-Wheat model V3.5 was utilised to estimate yield and quantify value of perfect forecast for popular wheat genotypes at various  steps during crop season using  long term weather records in  NW India.  Accuracy of weather forecast (medium range) was also tested under different fertiliser, dates of sowing and moisture scenarios. Results indicate the suitability of the model for strategic planning, yield estimation and tactical decisions during crop growth season.
Temporal variations and the effect of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric turbidity over India
Authors: SONI VIJAY KUMAR , KANNAN P. S.
Published: January 2022

Atmospheric Turbidity data collected over a period of about 23 years (1975-97) at Indian ‘Global Atmospheric Watch’ stations have been analysed to determine the major causes of time variation. The most extreme perturbations have been associated with significant volcanic eruptions of El-Chichon, Mexico (17° N, 146° E) in April, 1982 and Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines (15° N, 120° E) in June, 1991. The increase in atmospheric turbidity values following these eruptions was discernible for 1.5 - 2 years after the eruption. Annual mean values of the turbidity coefficients computed for the two consecutive decades, 1976-85 and 1986-95, show a general increase of turbidity during the later epoch at all stations except Kodaikanal. Analysis of long-term monthly means shows the seasonal variations and influence of monsoon over turbidity coefficients. A considerable shift of atmospheric turbidity values from the lower band values (0.0 - 0.1) to higher band (0.1 - 0.2) also witnessed from the percentage frequency analysis.
Reflectance characteristics of maize and application of vegetation indices for estimation of leaf area index
Authors: GHOSH K. , SAMUI R. P. , NARAYANAN P. S.
Published: January 2022

An experiment was conducted on maize (Zea mays L), grown as a fodder crop, under irrigated and partially irrigated conditions with Ground Truth Radiometer at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture, Pune under Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapith, Rahuri during pre-kharif season of 1999. Observations were taken at weekly intervals between 1000 and 1100 hrs. (IST) on cloud free days during the crop growing season. The spectral radiance characteristics and vegetation indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Weighted Difference Vegetation Index (WDVI), Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) and their relationship with Leaf Area Index (LAI) have been studied. The paper discusses the significance of spectral variation of radiance and sensitivity of vegetation indices with respect to phenological stages of the crop. The spectral reflectance observations in red and near infrared bands were recorded from the crop field. Vegetation indices were found suitable for crop growth studies. The procedure for estimating LAI using different vegetation indices is also discussed in the paper. It has been found that RVI is a better predictor of LAI during the early stage of growth while NDVI is a better predictor during the later part of growth as compared to other vegetation indices.
An effective method of identification of drought in kharif season
Authors: DAS H. P. , KORE P. A. , JADHAV V. N.
Published: January 2022

Dry farming regions (DFRs) in India often witness incidences of drought. In the present study decile method has been applied to six stations viz. Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar and Anantapur. For this purpose weekly rainfall data for 80 years (1901-80) have been used, for the kharif period i.e. rainy crop growing season extending from June to early October. Three decile ranges i.e. 3rd, 5th and 7th have been used to identify agricultural, meteorological and hydrological droughts. The commencement of sowing operations and duration of agricultural season have also been determined and discussed.

 

The decile approach, it is suggested, enables progressive update of the probability of occurrence of rains during the crop growing season. This can be achieved by adding, weekly rainfall separately to the above deciles or three probability levels for remaining part of season. It gives sets of estimates of rainfall during the growing season.

 

The methodology was applied on the independent data set of rainfall for the years 1981-96. The types of droughts have been clearly identified. Most vulnerable areas of agricultural drought (like Anantapur) could be identified.
Climatology of thunderstorm activity over the Indian region : II. Spatial distribution
Authors: MANOHAR G. K. , KESARKAR A. P.
Published: January 2022

Thunderstorms play important roles in many areas of information about earth-atmosphere relationship.  Inspite of this awareness of importance of thunderstorms, it is noted that studies about thunderstorms over India received little attention in the past.  Latest (IMD, 1999) climatological monthly data of number of thunderstorm days (Thn), rainy days (Tnr), and rainfall amount (Trr) for 276 Indian observatory stations are analyzed, over 11 geographic regions comprising India, to examine relationship between these parameters.  Analysis of Thn and Tnr data sets showed that in the premonsoon season major part of India is strongly dominated by frequent and widespread thunderstorms but with occasional rainy days.  However, in the monsoon season on account of very large increase in the rainy days over the thunderstorm days, the Thn-Tnr relationship is reversed.  The climatological feature of India in the premonsoon season is noted as a characteristic of cumulonimbus regime of continental convection, and the one in the monsoon season is termed as cumulonimbus regime of monsoonsal convection.  The prominence of monsoonal convective regime is therefore very important in deciding the performance of Indian southwest monsoon.  The analysis between Trr and Thn was carried out over 11 geographic regions of India in the four seasons of the annual period.  Results pertaining to monsoon season showed that the contribution of thunderstorms to rainfall is highest among the other three seasons. It is inferred that thunderstorm’s rain contribution to monsoonal rainfall is significant.
Precipitation anomalies in the United States associated with a finer classification of El Niño events
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: January 2022

A finer classification of El Niño events is attempted. Each year was examined to check whether it had an El Niño (EN) and or a Southern Oscillation Index SOI minimum (SO)  and or warm (W) or cold (C) equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST). Several years were ENSOW, which were further subdivided into two groups viz. Unambiguous ENSOW where SOI minima and SST maxima were observed in the middle of the calendar year (May-Aug) and Ambiguous ENSOW where these conditions were obtained in the early or late part of the calendar year. Other El Niño events were of the type ENSO; ENW, ENC, EN. Years not having El Niño were of the types SOW, SOC, SO, W, C, the last one (C) containing all Anti-El Niños or La Niñas.

For the all India summer monsoon rainfall, Unambiguous ENSOW were overwhelmingly associated with droughts and the cold (C) events with floods. For the rainfall in USA during 1900-90, several regions showed distinct ENSO relationships, but different for different regions. Generally, there were good associations between (i) western USA/Great lakes droughts and ambiguous ENSOW, (ii) midwest/central USA floods and unambiguous ENSOW, (iii) south coastal plain/Gulf coast/eastern/southeastern droughts and both ambiguous and unambiguous ENSOW. La Niñas showed effects mostly opposite to those of unambiguous ENSOW, but not always, especially in the far west. For the same region, ENSO effects were often substantial and different (opposite) for the main rainy season and the pre and or post-rainy season. Many other details are also presented.
Tele connections between Indian summer monsoon rainfall on regional scale and sea surface temperature over equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: KHOLE MEDHA
Published: January 2022

El-Nino – anomalous warming over equatorial Pacific – has been identified as one of the major teleconnections of All-India Summer Monsoon Rainfall (AISMR). The AISMR is characterized by a considerable spatial variability. The largest variance in AISMR is observed over the regions of India that receive the least rainfall. As such, it is necessary to study the variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) on a regional scale. Appreciating this fact, an attempt is made in this study to examine the relationship between the ISMR over the five homogeneous regions of India [identified by Parthasarathy, et al., (1995)] and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Also, an attempt has been made to investigate on weakening of the ENSO-Monsoon relationship, on regional scale, owing to global warming, after mid-1970s, in view of some recent studies in this field. It is observed that, the SST anomalies over the Nino regions of the Pacific show an oscillatory type of lagged correlations with the summer monsoon rainfall over the five homogeneous regions of India. This relationship is very strong and statistically significant during the pre-Global Warming period (1951-75) and rather ill-defined during the post-Global Warming period (1976-2000).
Nakshatra based rainfall climatology
Authors: DE U. S. , JOSHI U. R. , RAO G. S. PRAKASA
Published: January 2022

Indian summer monsoon rainfall plays a major role in the country's agricultural production and economy of the country. Earlier studies related to monsoon rainfall variations are based on monthly, seasonal or annual scale and concluded that the variations are within the statistical limits. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the variability on a smaller period of the scale based on Nakshatras, which have an average period of 13-14 days. As a pilot study sub-divisions of Maharashtra and Goa have been selected. The basic statistical parameters of rainfall amount for different Nakshatras are discussed. The coefficients of variation during peak monsoon season are high and of the order of 40% - 80%. This means that total reliance of agricultural activities on Nakshatra based rainfall activity normally followed by Indian farmers is not a very good practice.