bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEG Release: A New Compilation on Porphyry Deposits: Porphyry Copper, Gold, and Molybdenum Deposits: 1905–2012
Authors: Cooke David R.
Published: August 2021

With the publication of this collection of papers on porphyry deposits, SEG offers a signifıcant addition to its popular Compilation series. Introduced in 2007, the series brings together papers on a single theme, collected from the entire archive of Economic Geology and other SEG publications, in a searchable, digital format—on CD-ROM or, as is the case with the newest release, on a DVD. The porphyry compilation, organized by Editor David Cooke, was available at the Whistler 2013 Conference in September and can now be purchased online through the SEG bookstore (www.segweb.org/store). We include below the preface written by Cooke, which also appears on the DVD.
KAJIAN INTERTEKSTUAL NOVEL CINTA BERTABUR DI LANGIT MEKKAH KARYA ROIDAH DAN NOVEL ASMARA DI ATAS HARAM KARYA ZULKIFLI L. MUCHDI DENGAN PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI
Authors: Nurul Azizah Ririn
Published: August 2021

Literary works in this era of progress have been very developed. The creation of literary works is usually influenced by the literary works that preceded it. The literary work that precedes is used as an example or role model for later literary works. Two or more literary works with the same theme have similarities and differences. Similarities and differences in several literary works can be analyzed using the principle of intertextuality. This principle is intended to examine texts that are considered to have a certain relationship with other texts so that it is possible for a work to become a hypogram for subsequent literary works. In this study the author chose the title " Intertextual Study of the Novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah by Roidah and Novel Asmara Di Atas Haram  by Zulkifli L. Muchdi with a Sociological Approach ". Based on the object studied, this study aims to describe: (1) the structure of Roidah's novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi, (2) similarities and differences in the novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) by Roidah and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi, (3) Intertextual relations between Roidah's novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) and Zulkifli L. Muchdi's novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH, and (4) sociological aspects of novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) by Roidah and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram  (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi. The method used is descriptive analysis method. The results obtained in the research are intrinsic elements of the novel, similarities and differences between the two novels, intertextual relations and sociological aspects which include social aspects, religious aspects, economic aspects, and love aspects.
PATRIOTIC AND HEROIC MOTIVES IN THE POETRY OF ALEXANDR TVARDOVSKY AND KEYSAR AMINPUR
Authors:   Tehran University, Iran, Yahyapur M.
Published: August 2021

Connections and interrelations come up in the global literary process directly and indirectly. The present article is devoted to the literary parallels in the creative work of the famous Russian poet, a participant of the Second World War, chief editor of the literary magazine «Nowy Mir» Alexandr Tvardovsky and the popular Iran poet Keysar Aminpur. War and peace problems – are persistent in any national literature throughout the centuries. These problems have reflected in the life, fate and creative work of the Russian poet. They are also predominant in the poetry of K. Aminpur. Longing for home, dreams about piece in the world during ongoing military actions– are common concepts in the poetry of Tvardovsky and Aminpur, where people striving for peace have been drawn into the conflict. Patriotic and heroic motives in the poetry of the Russian and the Iran poets, ways of reflection in style, language and composition of the poems are different due to literary process particularities in the USSR and Iran in the last quarter of the XX-th century. At the same time, there are common points allowing us to compare poetry of A. Tvardovsky and K. Aminpur. Motives of patriotism and heroics are being analyzed from the prospective of nature. Homeland and smaller motherland landscape concepts are inseparable in the poetry of the both poets.
PUBLICISM OF KAZAKHSTAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakshtan, Mashakova A.K. , Khabutdinova М.М. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
Published: August 2021

The article deals with modern publicism of Kazakhstan. The novelty of the research is related to the fact that the authors of the paper have identified the most significant figures among contemporary Tatar publicists. The material for the study include publicist books, feature articles, essays, papers by M. Erzin, G. Khayrullin, R. Bikmukhametova, F. Baygeldinov, T. Karimov, S. Bagautdinov. The study showed that modern Tatar publicism in Kazakhstan is distinguished by dynamic development. The Tatar publicists, on the one hand, turn to the historical past of the Tatar people, on the other – devote their works to the modern life. They highlight not only the life of the Tatars in Kazakhstan, but also relevant issues, the phenomena of the current life of modern society in our country, comprehending aesthetic ideals and moral values.
NATIONAL VALUES IN THE NOVEL OF SHAKARIM KUDAYBERDIEV «ADIL-MARIA»
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Oisylbay A.T.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the artistic foundations of the national code in the novel "Adil-Maria" by Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, social and spiritual atmosphere of the beginning of the XX century, as well as the specific expression of psychological characteristics of the characters. The article includes the scientific analysis of the “national spirit”, “national code”, the theme of the novel, the style and artistic language of the writer.
Kazakh variants of the epic "Alpamys Batyr"
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Alpysbayeva K.B.
Published: August 2021

One of the genres of our national folklore which has rich content - is a heroic epic. We will focus on the epic "Alpamis batyr". It is one of the oldest and highly artistic Kazakh heroic epics that have survived to the present day. The plot basis of it is chanting of national unity, people's heroism. Research object of our study is the analysis of the history of "Alpamis Batyr".
HISTORY OF COLLECTION AND PUBLICATION OF EPOS “DOTAN BATYR” AND “KUBYGUL”
Authors:   Al-Farabi KazNU, Saltakova Zh.T.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the history of the study of the Kazakh archaic epic, as well as the history of the collection and publication of the epic “Dotan Batyr” and “Kubygul”. The Kazakh archaic epos, which arose in ancient times, has come down to us in the records of the second half of the 19th century, in the interpretation of akyns and zhyrshes, who worked within the epic tradition of their time, that is, not in their original appearance, but underwent significant changes, sometimes transforming beyond recognition. But archaic plots, formed in ancient times, retained their constants and dominants as a whole, their deepest meaning. They discover their genetic connections with the oldest representations of our ancestors and the most important social institutions of their time.
MODERN SEARCHES IN DECORATIVE-APPLIED ART OF INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN (BASED ON JEWELRY ART)
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Yespenova A.T.
Published: August 2021

Craft is a unique tool that defines national identity and culture. The history of the Kazakh arts and crafts goes back centuries. The article considers the reflection in the modern art of Kazakhstan of jewelry art as one of the branches of applied art. The direction of the development of jewelry is revealed thanks to the work of jewelers. For example: an art history analysis is conducted on the example of the work of artists, jewelers S. Bashirov, A. Mukazhanov, S. Rysbekov, M. Kalilaev, L. Shklyaev, A.Kadyrbaev. Thus, the author determines the significance of national values.
ESMAGAMBET ISMAILOV AND FOLKLORE
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Zhakan D.
Published: August 2021

In this article, folklore studies by Esmagambet Ismailov will be explored from a new scientific aspect. An article by a researcher titled “The Tradition and Tradition of Patriotic Poetry” shows that the phenomenon of the “holistic” phenomenon is well known in folklore. When scientist Nurpeis Bayganin analyzed literary criticism, Kairat Nurym, Dogan Nurpeisov, Aisha, Murun, Nurpeis and Kairat, who constantly revitalized and enriched the heroes of Kazakhstan in the Arctic, Caspian Sea and Aktobe, the development of such poverty in a certain territorial integrity was observed in the Russian people .
Implementation of Talking Stick Method on Acid-Base Concepts to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Azzahra St Fatimah , Simatupang Nova Irawati
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to improve the critical thinking skills of class XI high school on acid base material in the 2018/2019 using the talking stick method. This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection so that this study describes planning, activities and improving critical thinking skills of high school of class XI. The subjects of this research is all students of grade XI in one of the South Tangerang high schools in Indonesia which consisted of 33 students. Data collection techniques in this study were using essay tests, observation sheets, teacher activities, student activities, field notes and interviews. The results of this study indicate that students’ critical thinking skills increase using the talking stick method seen from the student ability to answer questions, express opinions, respond to friend opinions and consider sources. Critical thinking skills has increased, in the first cycle that is equal to 21.20% while in the second cycle is 90.90%. It can be concluded that the use of the talking stick method can improve the critical thinking skills of class IX high school in acid base material.
Robotic assisted cytoreductive surgery, removal of a recurrent disease in the right pericaval lymph node in a patient with ovarian cancer with the robotic Xi platform
Authors: Shoraka Massoud , Metwally Hadeer , Carbajal-Mamani Semiramis , Cardenas-Goicoechea Joel
Published: August 2021

Objective The standard approach for recurrent ovarian cancer is laparotomy. In this video, we present a cytoreductive surgery using the robotic Xi platform to remove a 2.7 cm pericaval tumor.Methods A narrative video demonstration of robotic-assisted surgery to remove recurrent ovarian cancer in a pericaval lymph node. A 62-year-old female presented with recurrent carcinoma of the pericaval lymph node. After 40 months of surveillance, the patient was asymptomatic, but a computed tomography (CT) scan showed an isolated mass (2.7×2.3 cm) in the right pericaval lymph node. Her cancer antigen (CA)-125 level increased from 26 to 46 U/mL. The robotic Xi platform was used to remove the metastatic lymph nodes. The first step was diagnostic laparoscopy. The second step was robotic port placement below the umbilicus. The third step was dissection and identification of landmarks, and the last step was removal of the tumor and closure.Results The metastatic lymph nodes were removed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1 and had no postoperative complications. Her CA-125 level dropped to 17 U/mL two weeks after surgery. Pathology showed metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma in one lymph node, consistent with the patient’s known primary. Two additional lymph nodes were removed and negative for carcinoma. Pelvic washings were negative for malignancy.Conclusion Robotic-assisted surgery is safe and feasible in selected patients with isolated recurrent disease.
Der inszenierte „Brexit“ II: Endloses Feilschen und verfassungsrechtliche Zerreißprobe?
Authors: Kenny Mel
Published: August 2021

Der Brexit stellt eine Herausforderung für das Vereinigte Königreich dar: für die Identität der Einwohner; für die Kohärenz der „ungeschriebenen“ Verfassung; für die Idee einer freiwilligen Vereinigung der Vier Nationen; und für die territoriale Integrität des Landes. Die Verfassung kommt unter Druck, z.B. durch die versuchte Aussetzung des Parlaments, den Einsatz des königlichen Vorrechts sowie mit der Bestätigung der Übermacht des Premierministers (PM). Die Verletzung der Normen der Rechtsstaatlichkeit, wie in der Gesetzgebungsgeschichte des Internal Market Act vorexerziert, passt ins Bild einer Verformung der Verfassung. Das Handels- und Kooperationsabkommen rundet dieses Bild ab: ein Abkommen, das 2019 als „Oven-Ready“-Lösung vom PM angepriesen, dann 2020 unterschrieben, und 2021, vor der Umsetzung, vom demselben PM als „lächerlich“ abgetan wurde. Die Lehren daraus werden in Edinburgh und Belfast gezogen: in diesem unseriösen Königreich gibt es kaum Platz!
Association Between Serum Cadmium and Arsenic Levels with Bladder Cancer: A Case-control Study
Authors: Moazed Vahid , Jafari Elham , Ebadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Pourzare Amin , Gharehchahi Hamid Reza , Mangeli Forogh , Jamali Elena
Published: August 2021

Background: Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary system and the eighth cause of cancer death. In addition to known risk factors such as smoking and urinary stones, trace elements are also effective in causing bladder cancer and other cancers. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the association between bladder cancer and the carcinogens cadmium and arsenic. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 patients with bladder cancer admitted to Shahid Bahonar Hospital and a control group of 40 healthy individuals in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. The serum levels of arsenic and cadmium were measured by atomic absorptiometry. The paired t-test and chi-square tests were employed to assess the difference between cases and controls groups. An unadjusted and 2 multivariable conditional regression models were separately adjusted on sex, family cancer history, residence, occupation, and smoking and were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the association between arsenic and cadmium levels and bladder cancer. The statistical software SPSS version 26 and R software version 3.6.3 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: The mean cadmium level was 2.99 ± 1.45 and 2.59 ± 0.46 in the case and control groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.100). The mean arsenic level was 2.12 ± 1.04 and 1.43 ± 0.73 in the case and control groups, respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression models indicated significant association between arsenic levels and bladder cancer (unadjusted: odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.66 (0.46 - 0.94), P-value = 0.022; adjusted: OR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.44 - 0.92), P-value = 0.018). Conclusions: Overall, cadmium and arsenic levels are higher in patients with bladder cancer, with a statistically significant difference for arsenic. However, these elements are not interrelated and are not related to other factors.
One One, or the Unity of Being in Plato’s Parmenides
Authors: Haas Andrew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

Being can no longer be thought, for Plato, in accordance with Parmenides’ either/or; rather, it is both/and, both present in and absent from things, which is how they can come-to-presence and go-out-into-absence. But as the Parmenides demonstrates, Greek grammar hints at a fundamental ontological truth: the expression, “one one,” ἓν ἕν, shows that being can be implied, neither present nor absent—for being is an implication. But then participating must be rethought in terms of implying: being is implied in everything that is and is one, which is how it is present in beings and absent therefrom. But this understanding of participation—as Aristotle insists—is contradictory. Luckily, there is another way: implication qua belonging—being no longer participates-in, but belongs-to things, which is how it is one with them, distinct but inseparable. But this too, betrays implication, fails to grasp being’s way of being, and the meaning of being qua implied, and so cannot illuminate how being and beings are and are one—for as the suspension of presence and/or absence, implying is irreducible to participating or belonging. Rather, if being is implied, it is because implication is suspension, which is why it is so suspenseful.
Oppositional Anger: Aptness Without Appreciation
Authors: Fakhoury Tamara ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

What makes anger an appropriate response to systemic injustice? Let us assume that it cannot merely be its positive effects. That is, sometimes we should be angry even when getting angry is bound to make things worse. What makes such anger appropriate? According to Amia Srinivasan (2017), counterproductive anger is only apt if it passes a necessary condition that I call the Matching Constraint: one’s personal reason for getting angry must match the fact that justifies their anger. When the Matching Constraint is satisfied, anger can be an intrinsically worthwhile way of affectively appreciating injustice. I argue that the Matching Constraint is incorrect. More precisely, I take issue with its status as a necessary condition on apt anger. Anger can be an apt response to injustice even when it fails to be a form of affective appreciation. Often enough, one does not know why they are angry, or one is not angry for the reason that justifies their anger. For all that, it may still be appropriate for them to be angry. After presenting several cases of apt anger that fail the Matching Constraint, I suggest an alternative standard for aptness based on the general function of anger in our psychology. On my view, anger is apt when and because it alerts one, however coarsely or crudely, to threats against one’s values.
Iberoccitanemys atlanticum (Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996) n. comb.: new data on the diversity and paleobiogeographic distributions of the Campanian-Maastrichtian bothremydid turtles of Europe
Authors: PÉREZ-GARCÍA Adán , ORTEGA Francisco , MURELAGA Xabier
Published: August 2021

Bothremydidae is the most abundant clade of turtles in the Campanian and Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) fossil record of southwestern Europe. Several members of Foxemydina Gaffney, Tong & Meylan, 2006 are known in an area that includes Southern France and the North-Eastern half of Spain. The problematic ‘Polysternon’ atlanticum is the worst characterized, lacking a diagnosis that allows its specific validity to be confirmed, and whose generic attribution has been recognized as doubtful. Its presence was exclusively proposed in its type locality, the upper Campanian quarry of Laño, in Treviño County (Burgos Province, North of Spain). Despite the fact that knowledge about Bothremydidae has markedly increased after the description of ‘Polysternon’ atlanticum Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996, no new information about this species has been published since the 1990s. The analysis of abundant unpublished material of the bothremydid from Laño allows us to confirm the validity of this species. As a consequence of this study, it is not only identified in its type locality, but also in other Spanish regions and in the south of France. The diversity of Bothremydidae Baur, 1891 in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe is lower than previously considered. Thus, the species ‘Iberoccitanemys convenarum’ (Laurent, Tong & Claude, 2002), originally defined for the French record, and subsequently also identified in Spain, is identified here as a synonym of the species described in Laño. An emended diagnosis for the upper Campanian to upper Maastrichtian, Iberoccitanemys atlanticum (Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996) n. comb., is proposed.
Cooperative Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Case Study from Indonesia
Authors: Riza Chakim Mochamad Heru , Maulina Erna , Purnomo Margo , Muftiadi Anang , Qosasi Achsanul
Published: August 2021

This article offers an in-depth case study of the relevance of dairy cow milk cooperatives in Indonesia that align with the concept of strategic entrepreneurship in social benefit practices. An advocacy lens based on the strategic entrepreneurship model is used by making comparisons of the constructs that form strategic entrepreneurship to bridge a practical understanding of cooperatives with local cultural backgrounds. Descriptive analysis is used to report interrelated themes in the case study of cooperative organizations and finally interpretation.
An interesting finding is based on the research results, that is, the wealth creation of an organization is not the final model variable, but a social benefit variable, which then becomes a cycle of environmental resources. Cooperatives realize that personal benefits are not a sub-variable of constructing goals. This research describes the dynamics of the opening of the concept of strategic entrepreneurship in cooperative companies that consider new social risks and benefits.
Autonomic, hormonal, and subjective responses to a modified version of the TSST: a pilot study
Authors: Espín López Laura , Salvador Alicia , Gómez-Amor Jesús
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las respuestas hormonales, autonómicas y afectivas a una versión modificada del estresor TSST en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios compuesta de treinta y ocho sujetos (11 hombres y veintisiete mujeres, 11 en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual, 16 mujeres en la fase folicular). La respuesta hormonal se evaluó con niveles de cortisol. La frecuencia cardíaca y la actividad electrodérmica se registraron durante toda la sesión experimental y la ansiedad rasgo y estado se evaluaron antes y después de la tarea. La fase de discurso provocó la frecuencia cardíaca más alta, la mayor frecuencia de respuestas inespecíficas y el mayor nivel de conductancia de la piel, mostrando diferencias significativas con la fase de habituación. Sin embargo, la respuesta de cortisol salival no fue significativa con

respecto al factor estresante. En relación con las diferencias de sexo, independientemente del factor estresante,los hombres mostraron una mayor frecuencia de respuesta inespecífica, un mayor nivel de conductancia de la piel que las mujeres y mayores niveles de cortisol en comparación con las mujeres en la fase lútea. La ansiedad estado fue similar pre y postarea y no reveló ninguna diferencia asociada con el sexo o la fase del ciclo menstrual. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el eje HHA no responde al TSST sentado y proporcionó evidencia de que el TSST provoca diferentes patrones de respuesta psicofisiológica dependiendo de algunas variaciones del protocolo.

The aim of this research was to study hormonal, autonomic and affective responses to a modified version of the stressor TSST in a sample of young university students composed for thirty-eight subjects (11 men and twenty seven women, 11 in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, 16 women in the follicular phase). The hormonal response was evaluated with levels of cortisol. Heart rate and Electrodermal Activity were recorded during all the experimental session and trait-state anxiety was evaluated before and after the task. The speech phase elicited the highest heart rate, frequency of non-specific response and skin conductance level, showing significant differences mainly with the habituation phase. However, the salivary cortisol response was not significant with respect to stressor. In relation with sex differences, regardless of the stressor, menshowed higher frequency of non-specific response, greater skin conductance level than women and higher cortisol levels in comparison with women in the luteal phase. State-anxiety was similar pre-/post task and did not reveal any difference associated to sex or menstrual cycle phase. Our results suggest that the HPA axis not response to sitting TSST and provided evidence that TSST elicits different pattern of psychophysiological response depending on some protocol variations.
Señales de amenaza y sesgo atencional en lafobia a la sangre, inyecciones y heridasy en la fobia a las serpientes
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Juan Pedro , Martínez-Selva José M. , Kosonogov Vladimir , Carrillo-Verdejo Eduvigis , Pineda Sara , Torrente Ginesa
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el efecto de una señal que indica la aparición de una imagen fóbica sobre la actividad electrocortical provocada por el estímulo relevante para el trastorno en la fobia a la sangre por lesión en inyección (BII) y la fobia a las serpientes. Una muestra de 13 participantes con fobia BII, 12 individuos con fobia a las serpientes y 14 controles no fóbicos se sometieron a una tarea S1-S2, donde S1 era una palabra que describía el contenido de una imagen posterior (relacionada con la sangre, serpiente y neutral) que apareció 2 segundos después (S2). Obtuvimos las amplitudes ERP P200 y P300 provocadas por las imágenes. Nuestros resultados revelan que P200 no diferenciaba entre el contenido de las imágenes en la fobia BII mientras que, por el contrario, las imágenes relacionadas con la serpiente y la sangre provocaron las respuestas más grandes en los participantes con fobia a las serpientes. Tanto las imágenes relacionadas con la sangre como las de serpientes provocaron amplitudes de P300 mayores que las imágenes neutrales en todos los grupos. Las señales de amenaza redujeron la reacción electrocortical del BII, posiblemente por la provocación de respuestas anticipatorias o reguladoras. Estos resultados son indicativos de una baja atención automática exógena hacia los estímulos temidos en la fobia BII, como lo revela P200, probablemente relacionado con una falta de sesgo de atención al objeto fóbico.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of a cue signalling the upcoming of a phobic picture on the electrocortical activity provoked by the disorder-relevant stimulus in in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia and snake phobia. A sample of 13 BII phobia participants, 12 snake phobia individuals and 14 non-phobic controls underwent an S1-S2 task, where S1 was a word that described the content of a subsequent picture (blood-related, snake and neutral) that appeared 2 seconds later (S2). We obtained the P200 and P300 ERP amplitudes provoked by the pictures. Our results reveal that P200 did not differentiate between picture contents in BII phobia while, in contrast, snake and blood-related pictures provoked the largest responses in snake phobia participants. Both blood-related and snake pictures provoked greater P300 amplitudes than neutral pictures in all the groups. Threat cues reduced the electrocortical reaction of the BII, possibly by the elicitation of anticipatory or regulatory responses. These results are indicative of a low automatic, exogenous attention towards the feared stimuli in BII phobia, as revealed by P200, probably related to a lack of attentional bias to the phobic object.
“More than meets the eye”
Authors: Hofstetter Emily , Keevallik Leelo
Published: August 2021

NA
Scaled, high fidelity electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic cell characterization
Authors: Lee Brian R , Budzillo Agata , Hadley Kristen , Miller Jeremy A , Jarsky Tim , Baker Katherine , Hill DiJon , Kim Lisa , Mann Rusty , Ng Lindsay , Oldre Aaron , Rajanbabu Ram , Trinh Jessica , Vargas Sara , Braun Thomas , Dalley Rachel A , Gouwens Nathan W , Kalmbach Brian E , Kim Tae Kyung , Smith Kimberly A , Soler-Llavina Gilberto , Sorensen Staci , Tasic Bosiljka , Ting Jonathan T , Lein Ed , Zeng Hongkui , Murphy Gabe J , Berg Jim
Published: August 2021

The Patch-seq approach is a powerful variation of the patch-clamp technique that allows for the combined electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic characterization of individual neurons. To generate Patch-seq datasets at scale, we identified and refined key factors that contribute to the efficient collection of high-quality data. We developed patch-clamp electrophysiology software with analysis functions specifically designed to automate acquisition with online quality control. We recognized the importance of extracting the nucleus for transcriptomic success and maximizing membrane integrity during nucleus extraction for morphology success. The protocol is generalizable to different species and brain regions, as demonstrated by capturing multimodal data from human and macaque brain slices. The protocol, analysis and acquisition software are compiled at https://githubcom/AllenInstitute/patchseqtools. This resource can be used by individual labs to generate data across diverse mammalian species and that is compatible with large publicly available Patch-seq datasets.
Adult stem cell-derived complete lung organoid models emulate lung disease in COVID-19
Authors: Tindle Courtney , Fuller MacKenzie , Fonseca Ayden , Taheri Sahar , Ibeawuchi Stella-Rita , Beutler Nathan , Katkar Gajanan Dattatray , Claire Amanraj , Castillo Vanessa , Hernandez Moises , Russo Hana , Duran Jason , Crotty Alexander Laura E , Tipps Ann , Lin Grace , Thistlethwaite Patricia A , Chattopadhyay Ranajoy , Rogers Thomas F , Sahoo Debashis , Ghosh Pradipta , Das Soumita
Published: August 2021

Background:

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear.

Methods:

We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19.

Results:

Infected ALO monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection, whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both.

Conclusions:

Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19, which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and vet new therapies and vaccines.

Funding:

This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grants 1R01DK107585-01A1, 3R01DK107585-05S1 (to SD); R01-AI141630, CA100768 and CA160911 (to PG) and R01-AI 155696 (to PG, DS and SD); R00-CA151673 and R01-GM138385 (to DS), R01- HL32225 (to PT), UCOP-R00RG2642 (to SD and PG), UCOP-R01RG3780 (to P.G. and D.S) and a pilot award from the Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at UC San Diego Health (P.G, S.D, D.S). GDK was supported through The American Association of Immunologists Intersect Fellowship Program for Computational Scientists and Immunologists. L.C.A's salary was supported in part by the VA San Diego Healthcare System. This manuscript includes data generated at the UC San Diego Institute of Genomic Medicine (IGC) using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 that was purchased with funding from a National Institutes of Health SIG grant (#S10 OD026929).
The Diasporic Narrative: Identity Crisis in Ghasan Kanafani’s Men in the Sun
Authors: Alqasass Raed Ali Alsaoud
Published: August 2021

This study examines Ghasan Kanafani’s Men in the Sun as a representative novella of the Palestinian identity crisis among the Palestinian refugees in the aftermath of the Nakba in 1948. Kanafani’s emplotment of this identity crisis is couched in a diasporic narrative that lays bare a double plot, one before 1948 and another following it. The narrative split reveals a sharp contrast between the present state of the characters on their journey to Kuwait, the promised land, and the past as revealed in their reminiscences of homeland. The paradisaic images of homeland are woven with images of Hellish existence under the scorching sun of the desert. This double narrative is indicative of the split psyche of the characters which is symptomatic of an identity crisis. Their pursuit of a way out of this conflicting state ends with a collective, tragic disillusionment; they end up dead and thrown on a garbage heap without even a proper burial place. Kanafani weaves the different mini narrative threads into one tragic denouement since his novella is not about the fate of individual characters but that of a nation. The silence of the characters prior to their death is a Kanafanian prophecy of the future of the Palestinian Cause after it has lost its power of speech and ended, like the characters, dead on the garbage heap of history.
A Historical Quest for Little People (Hobbits) in English and Chinese Literature
Authors: Khei Yok Man
Published: August 2021

Written records on little people (Homo floresiensis) or ‘Hobbits’ are legions in either occidental or oriental history, let alone the excavation finding of a 1.06 meter (3.6 feet) 30-year-old adult female at Liang Bua cave on the remote Indonesian island of Flores in 2003. In English and Chinese literature, there are indeed no meagre narratives of little people, let alone the records found in the Chinese historical documentation and Buddhist scriptures as early as 770 BC. The main thrust of this qualitative research is to examine the little people in literature believed to be a different species or new human by comparing English and Chinese mythologies, literary creations with historical documentations and current archeological findings in light of historical research—an approach which identifies social and cultural history drawing from three main sources, namely, primary, secondary and oral tradition where accessible.
Preservice Social Studies Teachers’ Views on Middle School Students’ Levels of Historical Literacy
Authors: Çiçek Samet , Akhan Osman
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to present reasons and solutions that soon-to-graduate preservice social studies teachers expressed in relation to middle school students’ low level of historical literacy as reported in the literature. To this end, we used a basic qualitative research design. The sample consisted of 30 soon-to-graduate preservice teachers (17 women and 13 men) who were studying social studies teaching at the faculty of education of a state university in the 2019-2020 academic year and already served their teaching internship. The data were collected using the semi-structured “Interview form” developed by Keçe (2013). The data were analysed using descriptive analysis. According to the analysis results, the preservice social studies teachers stated that middle school students’ low level of historical literacy was generally due to the methods and techniques used by teachers in teaching historical topics, students’ lack of interest in historical topics, and the lack of parental encouragement. The preservice teachers also highlighted that students should be encouraged to use social media tools properly and the content of historical series, films, documentaries, and television shows should be adjusted to students.
Screening and identification of NOTCH1, CDKN2A, and NOS3 as differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in erectile dysfunction
Authors: Luo Chao , Zhou Xiongcai , Wang Li , Zeng Qinyu , Fan Junhong , He Shuhua , Zhang Haibo , Wei Anyang
Published: August 2021

Background

Loss of function of key autophagy genes are associated with a variety of diseases. However specific role of autophagy-related genes in erectile dysfunction ED remains unclear. This study explores the autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARGs) profiles and related molecular mechanisms in Corpus Cavernosum endothelial dysfunction, which is a leading cause of ED.

Methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify the key genes and pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mined using the limma package in R language. Next, ARGs were obtained by matching DEGs and autophagy-related genes from GeneCard using Venn diagrams. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of ARGs were described using clusterProfiler and org.Hs.eg.db in R. Moreover, hub ARGs were screened out through protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene-microRNAs, and gene-transcription factors (TFs) networks then visualized using Cytoscape. Of note, the rat model of diabetic ED was established to validate some hub ARGs with qRT-PCR and Western blots.

Results

Twenty ARGs were identified from four ED samples and eight non-ED samples. GO analysis revealed that molecular functions (MF) of upregulated ARGs were mainly enriched in nuclear receptor activity. Also, MF of downregulated ARGs were mainly enriched in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H and heme proteins as acceptors. Moreover, six hub ARGs were identified by setting high degrees in the network. Additionally, hsa-mir-24-3p and hsa-mir-335-5p might play a central role in several ARGs regulation, and the transcription factors-hub genes network was centered with 13 ARGs. The experimental results further showed that the expression of Notch1, NOS3, and CDKN2A in the diabetic ED group was downregulated compared to the control.

Conclusions

Our study deepens the autophagy-related mechanistic understanding of endothelial dysfunction of ED. NOTCH1, CDKN2A, and NOS3 are involved in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and may be potential therapeutic targets for ED by modulating autophagy.
A Study on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in African Universities
Authors: Omwenga Elijah Isanda , Mbithi Peter M. F. , Muthama John N. , Chone John Mwarabu
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a study on how University students, lecturers, administrators and managers perceive the impacts of the of COVID-19 crisis on various aspects of University teaching and learning in Africa, and particularly in Kenya. The sudden closure of campuses as a preventive measure to community transmission shifted face-to-face classes to virtual learning modes. With a sample of 1,236 University students and staff from 18 universities in Kenya and Nigeria, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning, expectation by 44% of the students were met. Students were mainly concerned about issues to do with internet connectivity, computing devices and electrical power. In addition, utilising e-Learning tools and platforms for effective student engagement posed limitations of accessibility and affordability for many students. The teaching staff on the other hand were mainly concerned with access to the teaching resources, conducting online teaching, capacity to handle the online mode of teaching, devices and eContent development. The pandemic has exposed the shortcomings of the current higher education system and the need for enhanced policy formulation and implementation on digital infrastructure to adapt to the rapidly changing education ecosystem of the world. In the post-pandemic situation, the use of eLearning and virtual education may become an integral part of the higher education system. Key factors influencing students’ satisfaction with the role of their University are also identified as internet access, quality of e-content and e-content development. Policymakers, stakeholders and higher education institutions in Africa may benefit from these findings while formulating policy recommendations and strategies to support University teaching and learning during this and any future pandemics. Universities need to plan the post-pandemic education and research strategies to ensure student learning outcomes and standards of educational quality.
Reliability of Thrombocytopenia in Sepsis as a Predicting Tool for ICU Mortality
Authors: Shridharani Akash , Ghosh Labani , Mannari Jyoti
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There are many easy reproducible scores used in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to predict mortality. But these need to be reassessed on a regular basis. There are many variables used to calculate these scores. But there can be some loss of data as the scores are repeated 24-48 hours apart and have many parameters which may make the process less user friendly. Aim: To study the predictive value of new onset thrombocytopenia as an effective tool in predicting mortality in septic patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 200 patients with thrombocytopenia at admission or at any time during ICU hospitalisation between 1st February 2015 to 1st November 2016 were selected; patients hospitalised for less than 24 hours were excluded. Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count lower than 150,000/mm3, and recovery is defined as returning to levels above 150,000/mm3 after showing thrombocytopenia. Admission prognosis variables Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score and platelet counts during the hospitalisation and outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Out of 200 patients included, overall incidence of thrombocytopenia was 29.83%. The mean age was 49 (SD 18.24) years and mean duration of stay was 8.85 (SD 6.58) days. Maximum patients belonged to the age group of 18-30 years and 51-60 years. Total 89 (44.5%) of the 200 had sepsis and out of them 24 patients died, therefore, mortality rate among those in sepsis with thrombocytopenia was 27%. Mean SOFA score and APACHE II scores were 6.32 (SD 3.44) and 14 (SD 7.89), respectively. In the patients with thrombocytopenia and poor outcomes in the form of death or Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA), the SOFA scores were 9.04 and 6.96, respectively (p=0.0438). Similarly, patients with sepsis and thrombocytopenia who had either died or given DAMA the mean APACHE II scores were 18.66 and 17.96, respectively (p-value 0.0492). Conclusion: There was a significant association between, APACHE II and SOFA scores with new onset thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it can be used as an independent individual variable to predict mortality in patients of sepsis with thrombocytopenia.
Hypocholesterolemia and Statins in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yavaşoğlu Irfan , Turgutkaya Atakan
Published: August 2021

Statins are lipid-lowering agents. They also have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative functions. In this context, they are demonstrated to have beneficial effects on mortality in several malignancies including esophageal, breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, endometrial, and colorectal cancers. Multiple myeloma is considered as an incurable plasma cell disorder with current therapy; however due to the current knowledge about the correlation between cholesterol-lowering agents and myeloma; it’s suggested to have lower mortality rates for patients using statins.  Patients with multiple myeloma usually have a low cholesterol level which is often underestimated by clinicians. Hereby we aimed to summarize the myeloma-hypocholesterolemia relationship and emphasize the importance of statins as an inexpensive and beneficial approach for these patients.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Different Plants
Authors: Singh Pooja , Nema Sushma , Tantwai Keerti
Published: August 2021

Alternaria belongs to the family of Pleosporaceae, the order of Pleosporales, the class of Dothideomycetes in the phyllum of Ascomycota. This fungal genus is characterized by its ability to produce a number of enzymes able to injured many types of crops. The symptoms of Alternaria blight on different agricultural crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, coriander, fenugreek, brinjal, onion, faba bean, dahlia, dracaena, hollyhock, carrot, marigold, tomato and wheat were observed. Alternaria produces distinctive "bulls eye" patterned leaf spots in almost all the infected plants. Nineteen Alternaria isolates were obtained from fourteen infected plant samples. The observations were recorded from the seven day old culture for colony characteristics on PDA. Based on morphology 10 isolates of Alternaria alternata, two isolates Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria longipes and one Alternaria porri, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria sp. were identified. Alternaria species grow rapidly and produced flat, downy to woolly grayish green to black colonies. All the isolates exhibited characteristics dark-coloured multicelled conidia with longitudinal and transverse septa (phaeo-dictyospores) and a beak or tapering apical cells. DNA isolation of all isolates of Alternaria was carried out using CTAB method. Isolated DNA was subjected to amplification with ITS1 and ITS4 primers in a thermal cycler. The amplified products ranged from 580-600bp. These amplified products were sequenced and identify the species of different Alternaria isolates using BLASTn in NCBI online. All the sequences were published in NCBI public domain. The resulting sequences of all isolates were compared to other sequences in the GenBank as 90-100% identical. Genetic variability was conducted by phylogenetic analysis.
Comparative Study of Children's' Blood Sugar in Fluid Therapy with Dextrose Saline, Ringer and Normal Saline 0.9% Serums and its Relationship with Depth of Anesthesia in Elective Surgery
Authors: Nanaei Farhad , Moghadam Morteza Habibi , Eslamifar Zahra , Bahrami Hadi , Bigdeli Mohammad Hasan , Sekhavatpour Zohreh
Published: August 2021

Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS (dextrose saline serum), RS (ringer serum) and NS 0.9% serums (normal saline 0.9%) and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery.

Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups.

Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference.

Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.