bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to Temperature Stress and Aerial Exposure in Congeneric Species of Intertidal Porcelain Crabs (Genus Petrolisthes): Correlation of Physiology, Biochemistry and Morphology With Vertical Distribution
Authors: Stillman Jonathon H. , Somero George N.
Published: April 2021

We examined physiological and biochemical responses to temperature and aerial exposure in two species of intertidal porcelain crabs (genus Petrolisthes) that inhabit discrete vertical zones. On the shores of the Northeastern Pacific,P. cinctipes (Randall) occurs under rocks and in mussel beds in the mid to high intertidal zone and P. eriomerus (Stimpson) occurs under rocks in the low intertidal zone and subtidally to 80 m. Because of their different vertical distributions, these two species experience very different levels of abiotic stress. Individuals of P. cinctipes can be emersed during every low tide, but P. eriomerus is only emersed during the lowest spring tides and on most days is not emersed at all. Temperatures measured underneath rocks in the mid intertidal zone were as high as 31 °C, 15 °C higher than maximal temperatures measured under rocks in the low intertidal zone. In air, at 25 °C, large specimens of P. cinctipes were able to maintain a higher respiration rate than similarly sized P. eriomerus. No interspecific differences in the respiratory response to emersion were seen in small specimens. Examination of the response of heart rate to temperature revealed that P. cinctipes has a 5 °C higher Arrhenius break temperature (ABT, the temperature at which there is a discontinuity in the slope of an Arrhenius plot) than its congener (31.5 °C versus 26.6 °C). The heart rate of P. cinctipes recovered fully after exposure to cold (1.5 °C), but the heart rate of P. eriomerus did not recover after exposure to 2 °C or cooler. The ABT of heart rate in P. cinctipes was very close to maximal microhabitat temperatures; thus, individuals of this species may be living at or near their thermal tolerance limits. P. cinctipes were able to maintain aerobic metabolism during emersion, whereas P. eriomerus shifted to anaerobic metabolism. A pronounced accumulation of whole-body lactate was found in specimens of P. eriomerus incubated in air at 25 °C over a 5 h period, but not in P. cinctipes similarly treated. P. cinctipes possesses a membranous structure on the ventral merus of each walking leg, but this structure is not found in P. eriomerus. To test the function of the leg membrane, we measured the aerial respiration rates and the lactate accumulation of P. cinctipes with their leg membranes obscured. These individuals had significantly lower aerial respiration rates at 30 °C than control crabs. Crabs with leg membranes obscured also accumulated a considerable amount of lactate during a 5 h period of emersion at 28 °C, but control crabs showed no accumulation under the same conditions. These data suggest that the leg membrane functions as a respiratory structure. The results of this study illustrate that a suite of morphological, physiological and biochemical features allows P. cinctipes to live higher in the intertidal region than P. eriomerus.
Synergistic Action of Neuropeptide Y and Adrenaline in the Eel Atrium
Authors: Uesaka Toshihiro
Published: April 2021

To investigate the influence of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on heart function in a relatively simple model system, the effects of eel NPY (eNPY) on the eel atrium were examined. Eel NPY enhanced the contractile force of the isolated atrium in a dose-dependent manner, without altering the rate of contraction. Although adrenaline also exerts a positive inotropic effect, the effect of eNPY was not blocked by the β1-adrenoceptor antagonist betaxolol, indicating that eNPY does not act via adrenaline release. When eNPY and adrenaline were applied simultaneously, their effects were additive at lower concentrations but not at higher concentrations. The plateau reached at high concentrations suggests that these two regulators act through a common signal transduction process. One candidate for this is an elevation of the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), since treatment with eNPY or adrenaline enhanced [Ca2+]i, as assessed by fluorescence of Calcium Green-1. The increase in [Ca2+]I after eNPY and adrenaline treatment is presumably due to Ca2+ influx from the external medium, since the effect was greatly reduced in Ca2+-free Ringer’s solution and after treatment with verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. Although both eNPY and adrenaline enhanced the atrial contractile force, the time courses were different, with the effect of eNPY being gradual and long-lasting, and that of adrenaline being immediate and transient. It is plausible, therefore, that eNPY and catecholamine(s) act synergistically to cause a long-lasting enhancement of contraction force if the two regulators arrive at the atrium simultaneously. The present study also demonstrates that the eel heart contains eNPY.
Effect of Anaerobiosis on Cysteine Protease Regulation During the Embryonic–Larval Transition in Artemia Franciscana
Authors: Warner A. H. , Jackson S. A. , Clegg J. S.
Published: April 2021

Hydrated encysted embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana have the ability to withstand years in anaerobic sea water using metabolic strategies that enable them to inactivate all cell metabolic activities and then to resume development when placed in aerobic sea water. However, this unique characteristic of Artemia franciscana embryos is lost during a very short period, at the embryonic–larval transition period of development, coincident with the appearance of prenauplius larvae. Thus, while encysted embryos show complete inhibition of proteolysis over at least 4 years under anoxia, control of this activity, together with resistance to anoxia, is lost in newly hatched nauplius larvae after only a few days in anaerobic sea water. In contrast to encysted embryos, young larvae in anaerobic sea water produce large amounts of lactic acid, which reaches a concentration of nearly 50 mmol l−1 within 12 h of incubation. The accumulated lactic acid is believed to reduce the intracellular pH (pHi) to considerably less than 6.3, the value found in encysted embryos after 5 months in anaerobic sea water. We find that larvae, in contrast to embryos, lose cytoplasmic proteins at the rate of 4–5 ng h−1 larva−1 upon transfer to anaerobic sea water, while yolk proteins are not degraded in either embryos or larvae under anoxic conditions. The decline in cytoplasmic protein levels in anaerobic larvae may be due to activation of an endogenous cysteine protease (CP) as the pHi becomes acidic. Contributing to the apparent uncontrolled CP activity is a decrease in the level of cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) activity during the embryonic–larval transition period, resulting in an increase in the CP/CPI ratio, from approximately 0.5 in embryos to greater than 1.0 in newly hatched larvae. Finally, data are presented to suggest that loss of the 26 kDa stress protein from embryos during the embryonic–larval transition may also contribute to the loss in resistance of young nauplius larvae of A. franciscana to anaerobic conditions.
Membrane Potential Responses of Paramecium Caudatum to Bitter Substances: Existence of Multiple Pathways for Bitter Responses
Authors: Oami Kazunori
Published: April 2021

The membrane potential responses of Paramecium caudatum to the external application of bitter substances were examined by employing conventional electrophysiological techniques. Mutant cells defective in voltage-gated Ca2+ channels were used to record the potential responses in the absence of contamination by Ca2+ action potentials. The cells produced a transient depolarization followed by a transient hyperpolarization in response to a rapid whole-cell application of chloroquine, strychnine nitrate or brucine. Of these chemicals, chloroquine was the most potent. Cells produced a simple depolarization in response to a localized application of test chemicals to the anterior region, whereas they produced a transient hyperpolarization in response to an application to the posterior region. Membrane potential responses to an application of chloroquine declined with repeated application. The presence of chloroquine in the external bathing solution strongly inhibited the membrane potential responses to an application of brucine or strychnine. However, the presence of chloroquine did not affect the membrane potential responses to an application of quinine. It is suggested that chloroquine, strychnine and brucine share a common component of their transduction pathways, but that the transduction pathway for quinine is different.
Neurons with dendrites can perform linearly separable computations with low resolution synaptic weights
Authors: Cazé Romain D. , Stimberg Marcel
Published: April 2021

In theory, neurons modelled as single layer perceptrons can implement all linearly separable computations. In practice, however, these computations may require arbitrarily precise synaptic weights. This is a strong constraint since both biological neurons and their artificial counterparts have to cope with limited precision. Here, we explore how non-linear processing in dendrites helps overcome this constraint. We start by finding a class of computations which requires increasing precision with the number of inputs in a perceptron and show that it can be implemented without this constraint in a neuron with sub-linear dendritic subunits. Then, we complement this analytical study by a simulation of a biophysical neuron model with two passive dendrites and a soma, and show that it can implement this computation. This work demonstrates a new role of dendrites in neural computation: by distributing the computation across independent subunits, the same computation can be performed more efficiently with less precise tuning of the synaptic weights. This work not only offers new insight into the importance of dendrites for biological neurons, but also paves the way for new, more efficient architectures of artificial neuromorphic chips.
Livelihood status of local communities around Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem in Shymnagar Upazila, Satkhira, Bangladesh
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Pitol Md. Najmus Sayadat , RAKKIBU MD. GOLAM
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Azad AK, Pitol MNS, Rakkibu MG. 2020. Livelihood status of local communities around Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem in Shymnagar Upazila, Satkhira, Bangladesh. Asian J For 5: 28-35. Sundarbans of Bangladesh is the largest single mangrove complex in the world which plays essential roles in delivering economic, ecological, and social functions, including providing livelihoods for local communities. The study aims to know the livelihood status and dependency of local people on Sundarbans in Shymnagar Upazila, Satkhira District, Bangladesh. A questionnaire survey was carried out in the studied area, involving 130 respondents in three unions. Most of the respondents (65%) were middle-aged (30-50 years old) and 22% of them were female and 78% were male. Among them about 51% were illiterate, 24% had primary education, while 25% had secondary education. About 72% of the respondents were fully dependent and 21% were partially dependent on Sundarbans for their livelihoods. Only 37% of people in these areas had their shrimp farm (gher). The respondents collected fuelwood (92%), aquatic resources (80%), small timber (54%), honey (27%), goran (Ceriops decandra) (8%), and golpata (Nypa fruticans) (6%) from Sundarbans. Only 63% of the respondents had their livestock like cows (2%), poultry (68%), and goats (30%), whereas 84% of respondents were involved with different NGOs. Among the respondents, 70% had the access to disaster warnings, whereas only 24% had shelter facilities. Only 28% of respondents had access to drinking water from deep tube-well and 33% from ponds. About 50% of the respondents did not get better medical treatment and were dependent on village doctors and only 8% of respondents received treatment from Government hospitals. It was alarming to know that about 91% of respondents did not know co-management in Sundarbans. Most of the people living here were not satisfied with their present occupations and about 98% of them were eager to start a new occupation. Only 11% of respondents got benefitted from government Vulnerable Group Feeding / Vulnerable Group Development support. The results of this study suggest that the government and different NGOs might provide necessary supports for local people so that they can start alternative occupations and their dependencies on the Sundarbans may be reduced significantly.
The use of DNA barcoding to avoid adulteration in olive plant leaf products
Authors: Partovi Rayan , Iranbakhsh Alireza , Sheidai Masoud , Ebadi Mostafa
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Partovi R, Iranbakhsh A, Sheidai M, Ebadi M. 2020. The use of DNA barcoding to avoid adulteration in olive plant leaf products. Asian J For 5: 42-47. The leaves of olive plant species Olea europeae, and O. europeae var. cuspidata have been used for medicinal perfused in Iran. The first species leaves have been used to control the blood pressure, while the leaves of wild olive have been used for abortion by locals. Our preliminary inspection of the medicinal plant market revealed that the leaves of these two olive species are sold mistakenly to the consumers and their health might be at risk. Therefore, we permed this investigation to produce DNA barcodes for correct identification of these two olive species and also identify the potential adulteration in our local market. We used Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as plastid genome trnL-F intergenic spacer and ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) sequences. These sequences after alignment and curation produced DNA barcodes that can differentiate the two olive species from each other. The phylogenetic trees constructed also separated the samples of these olive species and confirmed the potential use of these short DNA sequences for olive barcoding. The present study revealed that some of the local shops mistakenly sell the wild olive leaves instead of the cultivated olive leaf to be used for blood pressure. This mistake endangers the health of pregnant women consumers if they carry a child. We suggest using a combination of nuclear ITS and plastid intergenic spacer (trnL-F and rpL16) regions for DNA barcoding of olive plants to avoid leaf product adulteration.
Short communication: Insect detection using a machine learning model
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , HOMCHAN SOMJIT
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Homchan S, Gupta YM. 2021. Short communication: Insect detection using a machine learning model. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 69-73. The key step in characterizing any organisms and their gender highly relies on correct identification of specimens. Here we aim to classify insect and their sex by supervised machine learning (ML) model. In the present preliminary study, we used a newly developed graphical user interface (GUI) based platform to create a machine learning model for classifying two economically important cricket species. This study aims to develop ML model for Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus species classification and sexing. An experimental investigation was conducted to use Google teachable machine GTM for preliminary cricket species detection and sexing using pre-processed 2646 still images. An alternative method for image processing is used to extract still images from high-resolution video for optimum accuracy. Out of the 2646 images, 2247 were used for training ML model and 399 were used for testing the trained model. The prediction accuracy of trained model had 100 % accuracy to identify both species and their sex. The developed trained model can be integrated into the mobile application for cricket species classification and sexing. The present study may guide professionals in the field of life science to develop ML models based on image classification, and serve as an example for researchers and taxonomists to employ machine learning for species classification and sexing in the preliminary analysis. Apart from our main goals, the paper also intends to provide the possibility of ML models in biological studies and to conduct the preliminary assessment of biodiversity.
Distribution of metallogenic zones of the Caucasus region originated as a result of the subduction of the lithosphere of the Tethys Paleo-Oceanic plate under the East-European Paleo-Continental plate
Authors: Kharitonov Andrey Leonidovich
Published: April 2021

On the assumption that the 2D heat flux anomaly in the territory of Caucasus is provided by the convective heat transfer from the mantle wedge, the angle and velocity of subduction of the paleo-lithospheric plate Tethys (Mediterranean and East Black Sea paleo-lithospheric plates) under the East-European paleo-lithospheric plate (Caucasus region) are estimated numerically. Within the framework of the geodynamical model constructed the horizontal extent of the 2D heat flux anomaly observed in the rear of the Caucasus mountain belt corresponds to subduction velocity of ~ 40 mm per year which is close to that observed with the help of geodetic means. The upwelling convective mantle flows can transport the mantle calc-alkali magmas (containing metals) to the subsurface Earth’s crust layers, thus making the ore deposits to be attached to the upper lithospheric locations above the ascending flows of the Karig-Richter vortices.
Embedding researchers into organisations: a study of the features of embedded research initiatives
Authors: Ward Vicky , Tooman Tricia , Reid Benet , Davies Huw , Marshall Martin
Published: April 2021

Background:

‘Embedded research’ (co-locating researchers within non-academic organisations) is advocated as a way of developing more effective services through better creation and application of knowledge.

Aims and objectives:

The existing literature on embedded initiatives has largely been descriptive. There has been less in the way of analysis, for example, disaggregating the components of such schemes, unpacking underpinning logics, or comparing the diverse ways in which schemes are instantiated. We aimed to explore the nature and organisation of such schemes in health settings in the UK, with the objective of providing a systematised means of understanding their makeup.

Methods:

This study uses a focused literature review combined with a systematic scoping exercise of extant initiatives. We assembled documentation on each scheme (n=45) and conducted in-depth interviews in twelve of them (n=17). Analytically, we focused on surfacing and articulating the key features of embedded research initiatives in relation to their intent, structure and processes. Findings were then tested and validated during a co-production workshop with embedded researchers and their managers.

Findings:

We identified 26 ‘clusters’ of peer-reviewed papers detailing specific embedded research initiatives, and we explored 45 extant initiatives. The initiatives were varied in intent, structure and processes, but we were able to surface ten themes representing common features: intended outcomes, power dynamics, scale, involvement, proximity, belonging, functional activities, skill and expertise, relational roles, and learning and reflection.

Discussion and conclusion:

The themes uncovered can be used as a framework for guiding further systematic and evaluative enquiry on embedded research initiatives.
Social origins, tracking and occupational attainment in Italy
Authors: Barone Carlo , Triventi Moris , Facchini Marta
Published: April 2021

Students and parents choose among high school tracks based on the assumption that academic tracks will offer a better preparation for university while vocational tracks will make the transition in the labour market easier, if students do not have a tertiary degree. We assess whether this assumption holds also when considering the long-term occupational outcomes of tracks choices in upper secondary education, controlling for both social and ability selection into tracks. We use for this purpose recent data from the 2014 ISFOL PLUS survey and apply linear regression/probability models to investigate labour market outcomes in a stage of occupational maturity. We find that, while there are no significant differences between tracks in the likelihood of being employed, students with an academic diploma fare better than vocational students in terms of social class attainment, even in the absence of a tertiary degree. The advantage of the academic diploma holds both for entering the salariat class and the high salariat class, and for avoiding demotion into manual occupations or unskilled manual occupations. We also show that tracking accounts for a large proportion of the total effects of socio-economic background on occupational attainment, and that coming from socio-economically advantaged families exacerbates the labour market advantages of attending an academic track.
A qualitative investigation into family carers’ experiences of living with/caring for a person with young-onset dementia
Authors: Blake Cathal , Hopper Louise
Published: April 2021

Ageing is a significant risk factor for developing dementia; however, some people develop symptoms before the age of 65. Although less common, it is referred to as young-onset dementia. Estimating prevalence rates in Ireland is difficult, as there has been little study around what it is like to live with/care for this cohort; consequently, it is poorly understood. Nine primary carers were interviewed using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. Interview data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis. Themes included sense of loss, diagnostic issues, appropriateness of services, stigma and carer strain, illustrating the complex nature of caring for someone with young-onset dementia.
Larger polities are more regulated
Authors: Bailey James , Broughel James , McLaughlin Patrick A.
Published: April 2021

Using a variety of novel data sources from the RegData project, we show that population levels and the amount of regulation are highly correlated across countries and time, and that more-populated US states, Australian states and Canadian provinces tend to be more heavily regulated than less-populated states and provinces. A doubling of population size is associated with a 22 to 33 per cent increase in regulation. This provides support for the theory that the fixed costs associated with regulating partly determine where and when regulations occur.
Three-dimensional printing in hydrogel for a complex waveguiding photothermal microactuator
Authors: Yao Jianan , Li Ruozhou , Fang Yuming , Tian Zhiming , Zhang Qiwei , Ding Daye , Liu Jiang , Yan Jing
Published: April 2021

Photothermal microactuators are often used as microswitches or microgrippers in micro-electromechanical systems, whereas it is difficult to fabricate three-dimensional microactuators with a high aspect ratio, since the gravity may lead to undesired deformations during printing processes. In this work, we reported a 3D printing / UV curing process flow in the support of a hydrogel to obtain a photothermal microactuator with a high-aspect-ratio polyline waveguiding structure. The waveguiding structure also served as the driving arm. The temperature parameter was investigated by the Finite Element Method while the experiment was carried out to study the temperature and displacement during the laser actuation. A demonstration showed the driving arm achieves a free-end displacement of 133.2 µm driven by 90 mW laser (46.1°C). This study helps obtain waveguiding photothermal microactuators with integrated and more complex multi-dimensional structures.
A importância das águas subterrâneas para a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos
Authors: Monção Alexandre Genildo Monção , Veloso Rômulo
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa a importância das águas subterrâneas, e de sua gestão integrada frente a iminência de crise hídrica tendo como foco a fonte de captação, neste caso, os poços tubulares profundos: os processos de uso; controle e monitoramento dos poços na bacia do rio Verde Grande. A metodologia empregada é a análise documental da literatura especializada, legislação vigente e relatórios governamentais. As fragilidades em se implantar efetivamente uma gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos põe em risco a perda de potencial dos aquíferos subterrâneos.
Bacillus subtilis sp. B1, Chitinase Producing Isolated from Indonesian Tropical Shrimp Pond Waste Water
Authors: Prasetyo Amrih , Nurnawati Elisa
Published: April 2021

Twenty-five bacterial strains isolated from shrimp farming ponds were screened for their growth activity on chitin as the sole carbon source. The highly chitinolytic bacterial strain was detected by qualitative cup plate assay and tentatively identified to be Bacillus subtilis sp. B1 based on 16S rDNA sequencing and by matching the key morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cultivation of Bacillus subtilis sp. B1 in the suitable liquid medium resulted in the production of high levels of enzyme. The colloidal chitin, peptone, and K2HPO4 represented the best carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources, respectively. Enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis sp. B1 was optimized by the Taguchi method. Our results demonstrated that inoculation amount and temperature of incubation were the most significant factors influencing chitinase production. From the tested values, the best pH/temperature was obtained at pH 4 and 40◦C, with values specific activity of chitinase to be 324.56 U/mg and 259.70 U/mg, respectively. In addition, the study of the morphological alteration of chitin treated by enzyme, indicating a potential application of this enzyme in several industries.
Anatomy and Histology of Reproductive Organ of Male Guinea Pig As a Source of Learning
Authors: Androma Elvira Mega , Khasanah Laela Umi
Published: April 2021

This study were aim to (1) describe the anatomical and histological structures of testicular organ, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands, and penis in guinea pig (2) develop learning media in the form of histological slides as well as anatomy atlas of male reproductive organs (3) examine the atlas of reproductive organs of male guinea pig as a source of learning. Slide were made using paraffin method with HE staining. The study revealed histological structure of the five guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) accessory glands, namely ampullary glands, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and preputial gland. In addition, guinea pig penis had a baculum on its base. The results of the student response test showed very good category with the percentage of 90,55%. The readability test had very good value from the subject expert (95,71%), media expert (81,66%), peer reviewer (88,07%) and biology teacher (81,51%). Overall, the atlas of the 'Anatomy of Male Reproductive Organs of Guinea Pig' had excellent quality and deserves to be used as a learning resource.
Identifying of Groundwater Pollution in Lower Code Watershed, Yogyakarta
Authors: Muryanto Muryanto , Suntoro Suntoro , Gunawan Totok , Setyono Prabang
Published: April 2021

The water source of the people residing in Code Watershed is currently accessed from water wells, which are privately owned by most of the house. The urban area in the watershed is highly populated and its waste is disposed of into the ground, which contaminates groundwater. Therefore, an urban area located in a higher topography poses threats to the groundwater quality downstream. The research found that the groundwater in the lower part of Code Watershed was polluted because it received the waste discharge from the city upstream and, at the same time, had to deal with the existing pollution in it.
In silico Identification and Comparative Analysis of Hevea brasiliensis COBRA Gene Family
Authors: Putranto Riza Arief , Martiansyah Irfan , Saptari Rizka Tamania
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the H. brasiliensis COBRA gene family, alleged to be involved in laticifer differentiation, was identified from the public rubber tree genome of Reyan 7-33-97 clone. A comparative analysis was carried out against A. thaliana genomic database. This analysis has resulted to the in silico validation of thirteen putative genes encoding glycophosphatidylinositol anchors (GPI) proteins harbored by nine Hevea genomic scaffolds. The sequence’s similarity of HbCOBL against AtCOBL genes were ranged from the threshold 50 to 81.58% covering 151 to 458 amino acid residues, respectively. Three partial and ten full-length protein sequences of HbCOBL genes were annotated. The partial protein sequences ranged from 89 to 184 amino acid residues as opposed to the full-length proteins ranging from 160 to 471 amino acid residues. Two types of COBRA domains (pfam04833 and cl04787) were found among HbCOBL genes. Phylogenetic analysis has clustered two subfamilies. Nine HbCOBL genes (HbCOBL-B, HbCOBL-J, HbCOBL-C, HbCOBL-H, HbCOBL-F, HbCOBL-I, HbCOBL-M, HBCOBL-A, and HbCOBL-N) were clustered as COBRA gene subfamily-I. By contrast, four genes (HbCOBL-O, HbCOBL-P, HbCOBL-E, and HbCOBL-L) were clustered as COBRA gene subfamily-II. The HbCOB subfamily-II was marked by the addition of 203 residues in C-terminal which is different with Arabidopsis. The gene HbCOBL-C was the putative ortholog to AtCOB carrying the unique COBRA domain cl04787 with 74 amino acid residues. Taken together, these results showed that Hevea and Arabidopsis COBRA genes might share similar functions while differ in gene structure.
Locusts (Acrididae) Diversity in Gunung Bunder Forest Park
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Sulistiyawati Sulistiyawati
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to know the grasshopper diversity in Gunung Bunder Forest Park. Sampling plots were done by purposive sampling method. Grasshoppers were catched by a sweeping net and glue trapping. The result of the research were as follows: grasshopper diversity (H'=1.32), the number of individuals (n=1127), dominance index (D=0.4) and the species evenness index (E=0.55). Grasshopper species found are Phlaeoba fumosa, Stenocatantops splendens, Stenocatantops angustifrons, Eucoptacra sp., Chondracris rosea, Valanga nigricornis, Leptacris sp., Gastrimargus marmoratus, Trilophidia annulata, Oedaleus infernalis, Oxya japonica and Caryanda spuria.
Histological Study of the Liver of Stingray (Dasyatis sp.)
Authors: Happyalita Ulfaricha Cahya
Published: April 2021

Exploitation and destruction of nature by humans can accelerate the rate of species extinction and disrupt the ecosystem balance. One of faunas in Indonesia that is currently less populated is stingray (Dasyatis sp.). Research on stingrays has been largely done in terms of ecology, behavior, and diversity. But stingray research, especially in histology, is still relatively rare. In this paper we studied histological structure of Dasyatis sp. liver. Histological preparations of liver stingrays revealed hepatocytes, arterioles, bile ducts, and sinusoids. Hepatocytes or the major cells of the liver constituent have a nucleus, surrounded by a visible cytoplasm.
Study of Shark Kidney Histology (Carcharhinus sorrah)
Authors: Darajat Zakia
Published: April 2021

Shark is a fish widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean with a depth of 75 to 130 meters. Shark is a cartilaginous fish (Elasmobranchii). The fish is an ancient animal species that are still alive and also have different characteristics with bony fishes. Research on the histology of the shark's kidneys is still rare. The purpose of this study was to describe the histology of the shark kidneys (Carcharhinus sorrah). In this study we used one individual shark (Carcharhinus sorrah) from Depok Beach, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research was paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. From microscopic observation, the kidneys consist of glomerular parts, proximal tubules, distal tubules and lymphoid tissue.
Anatomical and Histological Structure of Black Pomfret Fish Kidney (Formio niger)
Authors: Apriliani Nurul Safitri
Published: April 2021

Black pomfret is one of the many fish species found in the southern sea. Pomfret has high economic value and is an active swimmer that has fast growth rate, resistant to disease, and easy to maintain. The purpose of this research was to know the structure of anatomy and histology of black pomfret’s kidney. Histological slides were made using paraffin method and stain with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The results showed that kidney of black pomfret have a soft texture, and the colour is red degradation brown. Histologically, the kidney is found a glomerolous, tubules and lymphoid tissues.
Morphological Diversity of Bacteria and Fungus of Rhizosfer Puspa Tree (Schima wallichi Korth.) at Turgo Forest, Mount Merapi Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Andany Vidi
Published: April 2021

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One of the important elements of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research has been conducted from March to April 2016 on the slopes of Mount Merapi Turgo Sleman Yoyakarta. This study aimed to determine the various characteristics of colonies and cells of microbial organisms that are on the sample soil area of rhizosphere in Puspa trees in the slopes of Mount Merapi and to know the microbes that dominated the slopes of Mount Merapi. The method used in this research is observation. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 3 children of soil samples taken from one sample point on the same plot of land on a diagonal basis. The result of purification of culture obtained 14 pure bacteria isolate and 5 isolate fungi. From bacteria, 11 gram positive isolates and 3 gram negative isolates. Further research is needed on the identification of bacteria up to the species level.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Doped Zirconium Oxychloride by PSTA BATAN Yogyakarta Production as Photoanode Semiconduktors for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Slamet Domo , Krisdiyanto Didik , Khamidinal Khamidinal
Published: April 2021

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a device for light conversion to be electrical energy based on the concept of semiconducting sensitivity of the wide gap. This study aims to synthesis nanoparticles of ZnO: Zr semiconductors and tested the performance of ZnO: Zr nanoparticles on the DSSC system. ZnO Doped Zr Nanoparticles from  precursor by Science and Technology Acceleration Center of National Nuclear Energy Agency (PSTA BATAN) Yogyakarta production was synthesized by gel-combustion method, and tested its performance on DSSC system. Effect of doping concentration variation Zr (0, 1, 3 and 5%) on the structure crystals and optical properties of ZnO studied by X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectra, and UV-Visible absorbance spectra. In this study also studied about the effect of Zr doping on changes in the parameters of crystal structures such as distances between fields of crystals , crystals lattice (a and c), unit cell volume, crystallite size, microstrain (ε), dislocation density (δ), and the textural coefficient . The synthesized nanoparticles meet the criteria 3-dimensional nanostructure of hexagonal wurtzite crystals. Uptake ZnO infrared radiation shows an increase in intensity as well shift in wave number 610 - 400 due to doping Zr. Doping Zr also influences the electronic structure of semiconductors characterized by the change of bandgap energy from 3,10-3,05 eV. Semiconductor performance test nanoparticles on the DSSC system showed a 1% Zr doping concentration increasing the voltage by 174 mV and the stability of the solar cell than the cell ZnO solar without doping that produces a voltage of 128 mV.
Study of Batik Wastewater Treatment Using PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) as Coagulant and Organoclay (Montmorillonite-polydadmac) as Floccullant to Reduce Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)
Authors: Sari Novita Chandra , Nugraha Irwan
Published: April 2021

Batik wastewater treatment using PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) as a coagulant and organoclay (montmorillonite- polyDADMAC) as flocculants was investigated in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of batik wastewater effluent before and after coagulation-flocculation and analyze the effectiveness of organoclay as flocculants of batik wastewater. Organoclay (montmorillonite-polyDADMAC) synthesised by reacting natural bentonite with polyDADMAC 0.4%. Coagulation and flocculation used jar test method with a speed stirring at 120 rpm for 2 minutes and slow stirring at 40 rpm with a variety of types, masses of flocculants and flocculation time. At first, batik wastewater had high levels of TSS and TDS levels. TSS and TDS levels reduced after coagulation-flocculation. Effectiveness of maximum TSS reduced at 99,74% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and flocculation time for 80 minutes. Effectiveness of maximum TDS reduced at 93,57% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and 60 minutes flocculation.
The Technique Analysis of CO2 in Troposphere using AIRS
Authors: Ningsih Nunung Isnaini Dwi
Published: April 2021

Currently global warming has become an international issue. One of the biggest contributors to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 gas is one of the most prominent gases of greenhouse gases or greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and has an important role in the Earth's climate. Increased CO2 contributes more than 50% to the effects of global warming. Various methods and measuring instruments of CO2 concentration developed from optical sensors to measuring CO2 directly from space using satellites. Atmosphere Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is one of NASA's six (6) instances launched on May 4, 2002 installed on the AQUA satellite. This instrument uses sounding technology that determines the vertical profile of CO2 from space. This instrument supports climate-related research and also in improving weather forecasts. AIRS data can be obtained online from the Giovanni Website at http://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov. Giovani is an application provided by NASA to make it easier to acquire, visualize, and analyze remote sensing data with ASCII data facilities that can be downloaded directly. The purpose of this research is to conduct CO2 analysis in Indonesia online using Giovanni Website year 2013-2016. Rendering data online shows the CO2 fluctuated every month, but yearly data shows the CO2 increased signifantly and the higest value in 2016, its reach 4.039 ppm. The results of CO2 analysis is expected to assist in the process of prevention or reduction of CO2 emissions in the air as one of the activities of environmental conservation.
The Effect of Increasing Surface Area of Graphite Electrode on the Performance of Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Artsanti Pedy , Sudarlin Sudarlin , Kirana Eka Fadzillah
Published: April 2021

The effect of increasing surface area of graphite electrode on the performance of dual chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) was observed. The surface area of graphite electrode (anode and cathode) that was using in this experiment was 29.5cm2 and 44.5cm2 for the A and B reactor, respectively. The anode chamber contained mixed microorganism culture from real wastewater of textile industry and the cathode chamber contained 0.1M potassium permanganate electrolyte solution. The salt bridge was required to stabilize the charge between the anode and cathode chambers, and the electrodes attached to the anode and cathode chambers as the electron catcher. Both, the A and B reactor were observed for 72 hours of running time. The voltage and power density were found to increase with the increase in surface area of the graphite electrode. The highest power density was 93.93mWm-2 and 197.23mWm-2 that obtained at 36 hours and 48 hours on the A and B reactor, respectively. At the end of experiment, these MFCs system could also reduce COD by 28.6% and 15.6% on A and B reactor, respectively.
Synthesis of 7-(Hydroxy) Coumarin and Its Activity Test As Antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Fitriana Fitriana
Published: April 2021

A synthesis of 7-(hydroxy)coumarin and its activity as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri has been performed. The synthesis of the coumarin was carried out by reacting ethyl acetate and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde using piperidine as an alkaline catalyst via Knoevenagel reaction and antibacterial activity test was performed using disc diffusion method. The product of 7- (hydroxy)coumarin was obtained as a bright brown crystalline (m.p. 125 °C) with a rendment of 77%. The FTIR spectrum shows the absorption of -OH groups at 3101,54 cm-1 and unsaturated lactone groups at 2345.44 cm-1 which is a typical group of coumarin's derivatives. Analysis using 1H-NMR spectrometer also showed the proton of the -OH group appearing on chemical shift (δ) 9.932 ppm. The antibacterial activity test showed that the compound of 7- (hydroxy) coumarin has the highest activity at 20% concentration as an antibacterial against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri with inhibit zone was 24.55 and 20.43 mm, respectively. It means the 7-(hydroxy) coumarin compound has a strong inhibiting activity.
Identification of Manganese Distribution Using Very Low Frequency (VLF) Method at Karangsari Village, Pengasih Sub-District, Kulonprogo Regency, DIY
Authors: Listyorini Wulan , Niyartama Thaqibul Fikri , Zakaria Muhammad Faizal
Published: April 2021

Research of manganese distribution was conducted in the village of Karangsari, Pengasih sub-district, Kulonprogo Regency, DIY which is the former area exploration and exploitation of manganese. The purpose of the research is known the value of relative conductivity and the distribution of manganese. The method used very low frequency tilt mode. The tools used 2 set of T-VLF BRGM (sensor and monitor) and the data processing software are Ms. Excel and KHFILT. T-VLF operated with 2 frequencies that are 19800 Hz from Australia and 22.200 Hz from Elbino Japan. The total lines are 6 lines with 75 m space. Distance between measured points is 15 m, whereas line length is 300 m. The parameters measured from VLF method are tilt (%) and ellipticity (%). The raw data VLF is processed by Ms Excel to obtain a tilt, ellipse, fraser graph vs distance and the RAE from Karous Hjelt filter. While the results of processed by KHFILT software is the equivalent current density contour map. Relative conductivity of area research are line 1 (-10 to 10) mho/m, line 2 (-40 to 30) mho/m, line 3 (-20 to 20) mho/m, line 4 (-30 to 10) mho/m, line 5 (-40 to 30) mho/m and line 6 (-30 to 40) mho/m. The spread of manganese were in the high conductivity, toward west and east of research area with depth up to 45 m.
The Performance of Electricity Producing of Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Using Wastewater of Tempe Industries
Authors: Luthfiah Yayah , Artsanti Pedy
Published: April 2021

The performance of electricity producing of Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) using wastewater of tempe industries without glucose addition (as control substrate) and with (2% and 4%) glucose addition was observed. The anode chamber contained a waste substrate and a cathode chamber contained a 0.1 M Potassium Permanganate electrolyte solution. The salt bridge was required to stabilize the charge between the cathode and anode chambers, and the electrodes attached to the anode and cathode chambers as the electron catcher. Voltages and currents were measured using multimeter. Optical Density measured at 486 nm wavelengths was performed to estimate bacterial growth activity. All of the cells were observed for 72 hours of running time. The results of Optical Density curves showed an increasing trend of absorbance during 72 hours of running time. These were in agreement with the resulting power density, which tended to increase until the 48th hour and then relatively stable especially for the substrate with 4% glucose addition. These MFCs system could also reduce COD by 1.52%, 9.76%, and 9.64% on control substrate, 2% glucose addition substrate, and 4% glucose addition substrate, respectively.
A Modifying of Hill Cipher Algorithm with 3 Substitution Caesar Cipher
Authors: Mujaddid Azzam , Sumarsono Sumarsono
Published: April 2021

The hill cipher algorithm has the uniqueness of using matrix multiplication in the process where the key used is a matrix that has weaknesses in the process of encryption and decryption. In this paper will be modified to the encryption process with caesar cipher substitution. The principle of the hill cipher algorithm using the multiplication of the 2x2 key matrix of keys is enhanced through process modification lies in the combination of initial character determination using the substitution of 3 caesar ciphers. From the results of this modification can be seen that the more the number of characters processed the time required will be longer. The magnitude of the determinant also affects time and size during the poses. A 1 character increment occurs if the initial character of the encryption process is an odd number.
Leslie Matrix Application in Determining Number and Growth Rate of Female Population
Authors: Anggreini Dewi , Hastari Ratri Candra
Published: April 2021

Population projections are needed to meet current data requirements and estimate future population numbers. The compilation of population growth models besides being based on continuous solutions needs to be evaluated more deeply with discrete solutions. Leslie's matrix model is a discrete model that projects the age group. Mathematical approach is very important used in Leslie matrix model that is follow matrix method. This study aimed to determine the number of female population in the Karesidenan Kediri Existence based on birth rate and life expectancy using Leslie Matrix and determine the growth rate of female population by using Leslie matrix eigenvalues value. The research method first determine the subject of research, second collect research data, data analysis and last draw conclusions. The data of this study were obtained from BPS of East Java Province, namely the number of female population from 2010-2015. The results of this study indicate that Leslie's matrix model is a discrete model because the data on the number of female population in the Eks-Karesidenan Kediri divided into fourteen age intervals constructed using fertility and life expectancy. From the result analysis using Maple program, the number of female population in Eks Karesidenan Kediri tends to increase with positive eigenvalue greater than one or in other words the rate of population growth tends to be positive. The success of Leslie's matrix model is in its application to predict the number of female populations in Karesidenan Kediri in 2021.
Application of Learning Vector Quantization Method in Kinect Device AS a Base of the Development of Behaviour Detection System
Authors: Arianto Eko , Rahmawati Laifa
Published: April 2021

One of the lessons for mental disorder students in Special Schools is practicum lessons in the form of vocational education. This lesson uses equipment that requires prudence. Mental disorder students have characteristics that are low memory and move based on intuition. Teachers should pay extra attention especially to detect student behavior during the learning. This detection is needed for learning to take place smoothly and students are safe from the dangers around the practicum place. Teacher's feedback on the detection obtained in the form of a warning from the teacher. This study is expected to be useful for providing a special detection pattern for students to assist teachers by providing feedback in the form of warnings using natural motion detection technology. This research was conducted using Kinect as data input and data was processed using artificial neural network and Learning Vector Quantization method. The dangerous attitude used in the test is the attitude of standing at the time of drilling position. The data used by training is 126 data and do training using LVQ. At the LVQ training stage, the training was conducted with parameter of Learning Rate 0,05, maximum Iteration 44, reduction of learning rate 0.01, and Learning rate minimum 0,02.