bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does TMX affect instigated incivility? The role of negative reciprocity and psychological contract violation
Authors: Gervasi Deborah , Faldetta Guglielmo , Zollo Lamberto , Lombardi Sara
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Pervasive and rampant workplace incivility effects have called for more studies on antecedents and possible deterrents of the onset of negative organizational behaviors. Based on social exchange theory (SET), this study proposes a framework investigating the underlying mechanisms of team–member exchange (TMX) on instigated incivility.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypothesized model explores the combined effect of interventions on teams and organizational levels. Indeed, the personal norm of negative reciprocity (PNR) and the psychological contract violation (PCV) are hypothesized as mediating variables of such a relationship. The model is empirically tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) on a sample of 330 employees of organizations with a team-based design. PNR and PCV resulted as a full mediating variable of the relationship between TMX and instigated incivility.

Findings

Findings suggest that, by encouraging high-quality TMX, human resource (HR) managers could reduce employees’ willingness to instigate incivility toward colleagues other than team members. However, focusing only on TMX may be insufficient because of the role played by individual attitudes and organizational levers such as PNR and PCV.

Originality/value

The authors enrich current works on incivility by analyzing the role of positive sentiments in minimizing deviant behaviors. Further, the authors investigate negative organizational phenomena through a positive lens and contribute to building a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that might produce uncivil behaviors.
Sustainable development goals and assurance of non-financial information reporting in Spain
Authors: Sierra García Laura , Bollas-Araya Helena María , García Benau María Antonia
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate reporting on issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the quality of non-financial information (NFI) corroborated by different types of assurors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study methods used include logistic regressions, focusing on data for Spanish listed companies in 2017–2018.

Findings

Analysis shows that companies are more likely to report SDG-related performance when their sustainability report is assured. This association remains constant irrespective of the nature of the assurance, which only became mandatory in Spain following the entry into force of Act 11/2018 in this respect. Moreover, companies that hire KPMG or PwC (two of the big four accounting firms) as assurance providers are more likely to report SDG-related performance than those that hire non-accounting firms. Finally, companies with higher quality assurance statements are more likely to address SDG-related matters.

Research limitations/implications

The authors believe the findings reported in this paper will help decision-makers better understand the quality of organisations’ contributions towards achieving the SDGs. Furthermore, this paper has implications for stakeholders, policymakers, academics and assurance providers concerning the relationship between SDG-related reporting and the quality of NFI.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior research has been undertaken to analyse the relationship between SDG-related company reporting and the assurance of NFI.
The many faces of medical treatment imperatives: Biopower and the cultural authority of medicine in late‐life treatment decisions in the United States
Authors: Spencer Karen Lutfey , Mrig Emily Hammad , Talaie Ariana Kobra
Published: March 2022

Despite changes in specific features of the US health‐care system and policy environment in the past 50 years, professional dominance of medicine remains consistent. Extant social science research has considered how the cultural authority of medicine manifests and persists, sometimes emphasizing institutional structural influences and other times focusing on how individuals’ agentic behaviour shapes their decisions and strategies regarding the consumption of health‐care. We build on and extend these literatures using qualitative in‐depth interview data to explore a typology of ways palliative care patients and their caregivers experience medical treatment imperatives across a range of social contexts. Rather than viewing or validating these lived experiences through a medical lens, we foreground the accounts of patients and caregivers as they describe their experiences of where, when, and how they perceive pressure to engage in medical treatment in late life. We adopt a Foucauldian lens to examine how this biopower is both an internal and external experience in our modern biomedicalized society. Our work reveals how treatment imperatives are generated within clinical medical encounters, but also coproduced through multiple and overlapping forces that compel individuals to pursue medical solutions to bodily problems.
Metahistory as Public History: On Introducing Metahistorical Perspectives in Events about Events
Authors: Innset Ola
Published: March 2022

This article argues that the introduction of ‘metahistorical perspectives’ can greatly enrich the practice of public history. Through the example of a series of public events about important historical events held at the National Library of Norway, it is argued that an attention to microhistory, pedagogical theory and especially William Sewell Jr.’s theory of events can be beneficial when programming events for the general public. This focus on ‘metahistorical perspectives’ in the practice of public history stands in contrast to widely held notions of public history as entailing simplifications and ‘dumbing down’ of academic knowledge.
Linking health education, civic engagement, and research at a large Federally Qualified Health Center to address health disparities
Authors: Chinchilla Melissa , Montiel Gloria Itzel , Jolles Monica Perez , Lomeli Matthew Charles , Wong Carolyn F. , Escaron Anne Laure , González‐Figueroa Evelyn , Garcia Joanna , Valencia Aisli Briceida , Kadono Mika , Acosta Arturo , Martinez Corina , Herrera Ana Laura , Sonik Rajan Anthony
Published: March 2022

Objective

To develop a framework for patient‐centered research in a community health center.

Study setting

Primary organizational case‐study data were collected at a large Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in Southern California from 2019 to 2021.

Study design

Thirty stakeholders, including patients, community leaders, students, medical providers, and academic partners, participated in community‐engagement capacity‐building exercises and planning. These activities were guided by Community Based Participatory Principles and were part of an initiative to address health disparities by supporting patient and community‐engaged research.

Data collection

The study included an iterative development process. Stakeholders participated in a total of 44 workgroup meetings and 7 full‐group quarterly convenings. The minutes of the meetings from both workgroups and quarterly convenings were used to document the evolution of the initiative.

Principle findings

Stakeholders concluded that health equity research needs to be part of a larger engagement ecosystem and that, in some ways, engagement on research projects may be a later‐stage form of engagement following patient/community and staff/researcher coeducation and cocapacity building efforts.

Conclusions

Community health center stakeholders viewed successful engagement of community members in patient‐centered health equity research as involving a web of longitudinal, evolving internal and external relationships rather than discrete, time‐limited, and single‐project‐based dyadic connections.
Simulating the role of knowledge brokers in policy making in state agencies: An agent‐based model
Authors: Combs Todd , Nelson Katherine L. , Luke Douglas , McGuire F. Hunter , Cruden Gracelyn , Henson Rosie Mae , Adams Danielle R. , Hoagwood Kimberly Eaton , Purtle Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Objective

To model children's mental health policy making dynamics and simulate the impacts of knowledge broker interventions.

Data sources

Primary data from surveys (n = 221) and interviews (n = 64) conducted in 2019–2021 with mental health agency (MHA) officials in state agencies.

Study design

A prototype agent‐based model (ABM) was developed using the PARTE (Properties, Actions, Rules, Time, Environment) framework and informed through primary data collection. In each simulation, a policy is randomly generated (salience weights: cost, contextual alignment, and strength of evidence) and discussed among agents. Agents are MHA officials and heterogenous in their properties (policy making power and network influence) and policy preferences (based on salience weights). Knowledge broker interventions add agents to the MHA social network who primarily focus on the policy's research evidence.

Data collection/extraction methods

A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was used. Descriptive and regression analyses were used for the survey data and directed content analysis was used to code interview data. Triangulated results informed ABM development. In the ABM, policy makers with various degrees of decision influence interact in a scale‐free network before and after knowledge broker interventions. Over time, each decides to support or oppose a policy proposal based on policy salience weights and their own properties and interactions. The main outcome is an agency‐level decision based on policy maker support. Each intervention and baseline simulation runs 250 times across 50 timesteps.

Principal findings

Surveys and interviews revealed that barriers to research use could be addressed by knowledge brokers. Simulations indicated that policy decision outcomes varied by policy making context within agencies.

Conclusions

This is the first application of ABM to evidence‐informed mental health policy making. Results suggest that the presence of knowledge brokers can: (1) influence consensus formation in MHAs, (2) accelerate policy decisions, and (3) increase the likelihood of evidence‐informed policy adoption.
Mental health needs in a large urban school district: Findings from a web‐based survey
Authors: Koschmann Elizabeth , Jacob Robin , Robinson Katja , Foster Friedman Megan , Foster Anna , Rodriguez‐Quintana Natalie , Vichich Jennifer , Smith Maureen , Rajaram Hersheena
Published: March 2022

Objective

To explore the mental health needs of students, and the professional development and support needs of teachers and school health professionals, as a way to foster community engagement and help set priorities for a comprehensive school mental health system in the Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD).

Setting

The study team surveyed all DPSCD staff in June 2019 and all students in grades 8–12 between October and December 2019.

Study Design

A descriptive study based on anonymous, web‐based surveys focused on student trauma exposure and mental health symptoms, student mental health resource utilization, staff burnout, and professional development needs.

Data Collection

All students (grades 8–12) and district staff were eligible to participate; the student survey was made available in six languages. Parents/guardians could opt children out; schools could exclude children unable to complete the survey independently. Student surveys were administered in school; staff surveys were sent via email.

Principal Findings

Thirty‐four percent of DPSCD students reported moderate/severe depression symptoms; 22% had seriously considered suicide in the past year. Rates exceed national averages; 37% of students with severe depression and 34% of those with suicidal ideation had not accessed mental health supports. Staff indicated high levels of burnout and substantial interest in learning about self‐care strategies or coping with vicarious trauma. Over 75% of teachers and school mental health professionals expressed interest in learning about best practices for supporting students impacted by trauma or mental illness.

Conclusions

A large number of DPSCD students are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and many students who need care are not accessing it. Addressing the mental health needs of students is a high priority for staff, but they need more training and support, as well as support for their own vicarious trauma and high levels of burnout.
Quality management in radiotherapy treatment delivery
Authors: Kron Tomas , Fox Chris , Ebert Martin A , Thwaites David
Published: March 2022

Radiation Oncology continues to rely on accurate delivery of radiation, in particular where patients can benefit from more modulated and hypofractioned treatments that can deliver higher dose to the target while optimising dose to normal structures. These deliveries are more complex, and the treatment units are more computerised, leading to a re‐evaluation of quality assurance (QA) to test a larger range of options with more stringent criteria without becoming too time and resource consuming. This review explores how modern approaches of risk management and automation can be used to develop and maintain an effective and efficient QA programme. It considers various tools to control and guide radiation delivery including image guidance and motion management. Links with typical maintenance and repair activities are discussed, as well as patient‐specific quality control activities. It is demonstrated that a quality management programme applied to treatment delivery can have an impact on individual patients but also on the quality of treatment techniques and future planning. Developing and customising a QA programme for treatment delivery is an important part of radiotherapy. Using modern multidisciplinary approaches can make this also a useful tool for department management.
Incident review in radiation oncology
Authors: Arnold Anthony , Ward Iain , Gandhidasan Senthilkumar
Published: March 2022

By its very nature, radiation oncology is a complex, multi‐profession dynamic modality of cancer treatment. There are multiple steps with many handovers of work and many opportunities for patient safety to be compromised. Patient safety events can manifest as either actual incidents or near miss/close call events. Reporting and learning from these events is key to quality improvement and patient safety. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of radiation oncology incident reporting and learning systems. We review the importance of the use of a standardized taxonomy and classification that is specific to radiation oncology workflow, the international systems in current use and the current reporting requirements in Australia and New Zealand. Equally important is the culture that exists alongside the incident learning system. A just culture, where support for reporting exists and there is an adaptive responsive environment to learn and improve patient safety. The incident learning and patient safety system requires constant effort to make it a success. We describe potential measures of safety culture and of relative patient safety and recommend their routine use. We offer this review to stimulate the effort towards a binational voluntary incident learning system, a key pillar for the improvement in patient safety in radiation oncology.
Part 1: Imaging findings of common immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related adverse effects
Authors: Noë Geertje , Cardin Anthony , Lasocki Arian
Published: March 2022

Over the last decade or so, immunotherapy and in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors have become common in the treatment of numerous cancers and have revolutionised oncology. The unique mechanisms of these agents has resulted in novel tumour response patterns and also new drug‐related toxicities, both of which can have specific findings on imaging. The widespread and increasing use of these agents means these findings are now encountered across many radiology practices beyond just specialist oncology units. This pictorial essay aims to describe and illustrate imaging findings associated with common and important immune‐related adverse events as a result of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Preclinical studies and clinical trials on mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review on models and cell doses
Authors: Wang Guishan , Xing Dan , Liu Wei , Zhu Yuanyuan , Liu Haifeng , Yan Lei , Fan Kenan , Liu Peidong , Yu Baofeng , Li Jiao Jiao , Wang Bin
Published: March 2022

Aim

To provide a systematic analysis of the study design in knee osteoarthritis (OA) preclinical studies, focusing on the characteristics of animal models and cell doses, and to compare these to the characteristics of clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of knee OA.

Method

A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase electronic databases for research papers published in 2009‐2020 on testing MSC treatment in OA animal models. The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov website were used to search for published studies reporting clinical trials of MSC therapy for knee OA.

Results

In total, 9234 articles and two additional records were retrieved, of which 120 studies comprising preclinical and clinical studies were included for analysis. Among the preclinical studies, rats were the most commonly used species for modeling knee OA, and anterior cruciate ligament transection was the most commonly used method for inducing OA. There was a correlation between the cell dose and body weight of the animal. In clinical trials, there was large variation in the dose of MSCs used to treat knee OA, ranging from 1 × 106 to 200 × 106 cells with an average of 37.91 × 106 cells.

Conclusion

Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great potential in improving pain relief and tissue protection in both preclinical and clinical studies of knee OA. Further high‐quality preclinical and clinical studies are needed to explore the dose effectiveness relationship of MSC therapy and to translate the findings from preclinical studies to humans.
Epidemiologic evaluation of pleurisy diagnosed by surgical pleural biopsy using data from a nationwide administrative database
Authors: Hara Kanako , Yamasaki Kei , Tahara Masahiro , Ikegami Hiroaki , Nishida Chinatsu , Muramutsu Keiji , Fujino Yoshihisa , Matsuda Shinya , Fushimi Kiyohide , Mukae Hiroshi , Yatera Kazuhiro
Published: March 2022

Background

Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and surgery (video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy). To date, there have been no large‐scale nationwide epidemiological studies regarding pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy. This study examined the epidemiology of pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy in a Japanese nationwide administrative database.

Methods

We evaluated Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data of 24 173 patients who underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy and received a diagnosis of pleurisy between April 2014 and March 2020. In addition to pleurisy diagnoses, the patients' clinical information, including age, sex, smoking status (pack‐years), dyspnea grade, length of in‐hospital stay, and comorbidities, were extracted from the dataset.

Results

This study included data from 1699 patients. The most frequent causes of pleurisy were neoplastic diseases (55.9%; malignant mesothelioma 22.5%, lung cancer 15.7%, lymphoma 2.5%), followed by infectious diseases (24.0%; tuberculosis 16.2%, parapneumonic pleural effusion 3.6%, empyema 3.5%, nontuberculous mycobacteriosis 0.5%), collagen vascular diseases (2.8%; rheumatoid arthritis 1.3%, immunoglobulin G4‐related diseases 0.7%, systemic lupus erythematosus 0.3%), and paragonimiasis (0.1%).

Conclusions

Neoplastic diseases, including malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, were frequently and accurately diagnosed as pleurisy via surgical pleural biopsy. The next leading cause was infectious diseases such as mycobacterial infections. Physicians should consider performing surgical biopsy in light of the knowledge regarding the etiology of pleurisy when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made via needle pleural biopsy.
Published Accounts, Stewardship, and Decision Making: A Case Study 1863–1940
Authors: Edwards John Richard , Boyns Trevor
Published: March 2022

The conventional wisdom is that (i) the published accounts of British registered companies fulfilled a narrow stewardship role from inception (1844) through to 1947 when the Companies Act added significantly to statutory disclosure requirements, and (ii) the ‘decision useful’ role of published financial reports is the creation of ‘golden age’ accounting thinkers in the 1950s and 1960s. Our paper challenges this version of the history of stewardship and decision usefulness based on an in‐depth study of the archives of the Staveley Coal and Iron Co. Ltd for the period 1863–1940. In so doing, the idea that stewardship and decision usefulness served as competing objectives of financial reporting is rejected as a false dichotomy. Our findings are consistent with Bryer's (1993) proposition that modern financial reporting developed in the late‐nineteenth century to provide useful information for purposes of investor decision making. Further, we find that financial reporting practices were based on a conceptual framework within which prudence (or conservatism) served as a fundamental accounting principle.
Attachment insecurity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Wrobel Anna L. , Russell Samantha E. , Jayasinghe Anuradhi , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Turner Alyna , Dean Olivia M. , Cotton Sue M. , Diaz‐Byrd Claudia , Yocum Anastasia K. , Duval Elizabeth R. , Ehrlich Tobin J. , Marshall David F. , Berk Michael , McInnis Melvin G.
Published: March 2022

Background

Childhood trauma is associated with greater depression severity among individuals with bipolar disorder. However, the mechanisms that explain the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder remain poorly understood. The mediational role of attachment insecurity in childhood and adulthood was assessed in the current study.

Methods

Participants with bipolar disorder (N = 143) completed measures of childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), attachment insecurity (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale) and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) as part of the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder. A sequential mediation model was tested using path analysis: the direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma on depression severity with attachment insecurity (attachment anxiety and avoidance) in childhood (mother and father) and adulthood (partner) as mediators were estimated.

Results

The final path model demonstrated an excellent fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation = 0.021 [90% confidence interval = 0.000–0.073]). Supporting the hypothesised sequential mediation model, maternal attachment anxiety in childhood and romantic attachment avoidance in adulthood partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity; this effect accounted for 12% of the total effect of childhood trauma on depression severity.

Conclusion

Attachment insecurity in childhood and adulthood form part of the complex mechanism informing why people with bipolar disorder who have a history of childhood trauma experience greater depression severity. Addressing attachment insecurity represents a valuable psychotherapeutic treatment target for bipolar disorder.
Extreme phenotypic diversity in operant response to intravenous cocaine or saline infusion in the hybrid mouse diversity panel
Authors: Bagley Jared R. , Khan Arshad H. , Smith Desmond J. , Jentsch James D.
Published: March 2022

Cocaine self‐administration is a complexly determined trait, with a substantial proportion of individual differences being determined by genetic variation. However, the relevant genetic variants that drive heritable differences in cocaine use remain undiscovered. Cocaine intravenous self‐administration (IVSA) procedures in laboratory animals provide opportunities to prospectively investigate neurogenetic influences on the acquisition of voluntary cocaine use. Here, we provide information on cocaine (or saline—as a control) IVSA in 84 members of the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP), an array of genetically distinct classical or recombinant inbred strains. We found cocaine IVSA to be substantially heritable in this population, with strain‐level intake ranging for near 0 to >25 mg/kg/session. Though saline IVSA was also found to be heritable, a modest genetic correlation between cocaine and saline IVSA indicates that operant responding for the cocaine reinforcer was influenced, at least in part, by unique genetic variants. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of infusions earned in cocaine and saline groups revealed significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) on Chromosomes 3 and 14 for cocaine, but not saline, IVSA. Positional candidates were further prioritized through use of bulk RNA sequencing data that revealed genes with cis‐eQTL and genetic correlation to number of infusions. Additionally, these data identify reference strains with extreme cocaine IVSA phenotypes, revealing them as polygenic models of risk and resilience to cocaine reinforcement. This work is part of an ongoing effort to characterize genetic variation that moderates cocaine IVSA that may, in turn, provide a more comprehensive understanding of cocaine risk genetics and neurobiology.
Editorial: a paradigm shift in NUDT15 assessment—towards predictive and personalised medicine in Crohn’s disease?
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Raghunathan Nalini
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16769 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16813
Editorial: suboptimal ultrasound visualisation in patients undergoing surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Tan Darren Jun Hao
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nicolas et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16779
Corporate social responsibility decoupling in developing countries: Current research and a future agenda
Authors: Khan Majid , Lockhart James
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is to present an institutionally grounded account of CSR decoupling in developing countries. Businesses in developing countries face institutional conditions significantly different to that in developed countries. As a result of these differences, there is an increasing demand on organizations in developing countries to comply with what are observed to be diffuse CSR standards—to which they thereby engage by decoupling. These observations result in the need to re‐examine the classic argument of decoupling and produce a more effective understanding of why and how CSR decoupling exists in such contexts. Little is known about the consequences of decoupling for organizations and society at large. We provide examples of decoupling in the developing world and present a comprehensive agenda for future research that explains why decoupling is pervasive and rapid change is, sadly, unlikely.
Changes in business students' value orientations after the COVID‐19 outbreak: An exploration
Authors: Town Sophia , Weber James , Nagy Noémi
Published: March 2022

The values people hold tend to be relatively enduring. An important exception appears to be values adaptation in response to major, life‐altering situations. Major events can act as triggers for people to adapt their values based on the new context. In particular, collective traumas—such as the COVID‐19 pandemic—may incite immediate values change. The aim of the current paper is to compare business school students' value orientations before and after the COVID‐19 global pandemic outbreak. We investigated responses from two comparable samples of business students: one surveyed before and one surveyed after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The subjects' individual value orientations were aggregated and analyzed by comparing the distribution of the first group's pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak responses with the second group's post‐COVID‐19 outbreak responses regarding the importance given to values in the Rokeach Values Survey. We further explored specific demographic differences in personal versus social orientations and competence versus moral orientations for our samples. Results confirm differences in business school students' pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak versus post‐COVID‐19 outbreak value orientations, with the post‐COVID‐19 outbreak sample reporting greater attention to social values, as predicted, and competence values, not as predicted. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Tranexamic acid‐associated fatal status epilepticus in a paediatric non‐cardiac surgery: A case report and literature review
Authors: Aboul‐Fotouh Sawsan , Habib Mohamed Z. , Magdy Sondos M. , Hassan Bahaa El‐din Ewees
Published: March 2022

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely utilized to control perioperative bleeding. TXA is considered a safe drug with few serious adverse effects, but many studies report TXA‐associated seizures, especially with cardiac surgeries. Usually, TXA‐associated seizures persist for a few minutes with no progression into status epilepticus. Here, we report, for the first time, a case of refractory status epilepticus after IV injection of TXA in a paediatric non‐cardiac surgery. This case report and literature review aim to increase awareness about TXA‐associated seizures and to provide mechanistic‐based prevention and treatment recommendations. During adenotonsillectomy for a 4‐year‐old male child, TXA infusion started after induction of anaesthesia for surgical bleeding prophylaxis. During recovery from anaesthesia, the patient developed tonic–clonic convulsions which did not improve after two IV doses of midazolam but showed an improvement after a dose of propofol. The patient did not regain consciousness and was transferred to the ICU. He had recurrent treatment‐resistant attacks of tonic–clonic convulsions. The patient developed acute kidney injury and died after 18 hours. In high‐risk patients, using the lowest effective dose with early termination of TXA infusion and prolongation of administration of anaesthetics may prevent seizures. General anaesthetics (propofol and halogenated inhaled anaesthetics) are considered the first line for prevention/treatment of TXA‐associated seizures.
Exploring the interplay between socioeconomic status and reading achievement: An expectancy‐value perspective
Authors: Yeung Susanna S. S. , King Ronnel B. , Nalipay Ma. Jenina N. , Cai Yuyang
Published: March 2022

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) and motivation are both important predictors of student achievement. However, most studies have investigated these factors separately, and very few have looked into the interplay between SES and motivation as determinants of student reading achievement.

Aims

We intend to bridge this gap by examining a model of SES predicting reading achievement through motivation (i.e., expectancy and value) at both student and school levels.

Sample

We used the data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 of 26,281 students from four regions in Greater China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taipei).

Methods

We used multi‐group multilevel path analysis to test whether SES would predict reading achievement mediated by expectancy and value in student and school levels across four regions, with gender as a covariate.

Results

Results showed that at the student level, SES significantly predicted reading achievement indirectly through both expectancy and value across four regions. At the school level, the relationship between school SES and school reading achievement was mostly direct.

Conclusion

The study was able to demonstrate the motivational gap as a pathway in which economic inequality can contribute to students’ reading achievement gap.
Epidermolysis bullosa aquisita following immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment for metastatic melanoma
Authors: O'Connor Jane , Zhang Shuai , Galante Joao R. , Mee John , Semkova Kristina , Parkar Rosemeen , Groves Richard
Published: March 2022

A case of epidermolysis bullosa aquisita following immunotherapy for melanoma. This adds to the repertoire of subepidermal blistering disorders documented following immune checkpoint therapy.
Ovarian response to follicle‐stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is diminished compared to ovulatory controls
Authors: Harrison Tracy N. H. , Chang R. Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

Objective

The mechanisms underlying ovarian dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not been definitively established. Our objective was to perform a detailed examination of ovarian responses to recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) in women with PCOS and controls.

Design

This prospective, crossover, dose–response study included three rFSH stimulation periods. Each stimulation period involved three consecutive, daily, subcutaneous injections of rFSH administered at a single dose. Low, medium and high rFSH doses were weight‐adjusted, corresponding to 0.5, 1.1 and 2.2 IU/kg/d, respectively. Stimulation periods occurred in randomized order and were separated by 8‐week washouts.

Patients

Thirty participants (8 PCOS and 22 controls) were studied. PCOS was defined by oligomenorrhea and clinical or biochemical androgen excess, excluding other aetiologies of ovulatory dysfunction.

Measurements

Blood samples were obtained for hormone measurements before and 24 h after each rFSH injection.

Results

Participants with PCOS had significantly greater body mass index, antral follicle count and circulating testosterone, anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) and luteinizing hormone concentrations compared with controls participants. Baseline estradiol (E2) concentrations were similar in both groups. At the lowest dose of rFSH, PCOS participants did not demonstrate E2 increments, whereas a significant increase occurred in controls. rFSH‐induced E2 production per follicle was significantly reduced in PCOS participants compared with controls at all rFSH doses. Increasing T and decreasing AMH concentrations were associated with augmented E2 production per follicle.

CoONCLUSIONS

Women with PCOS exhibited diminished initial E2 responses to rFSH compared with controls. These findings suggest that the mechanism of anovulation in PCOS may involve altered ovarian response to gonadotropins.
On the economics of meat processing, livestock queuing, and worker safety
Authors: Larue Bruno
Published: March 2022

Meat processing plants use inputs in fixed proportions, but these proportions vary with plant size. Shocks to the supply of labor and livestock induce allocative inefficiency, output reductions, and higher unit costs of production. Both labor conflicts and the pandemic caused long labor shortages resulting in unused capacity and large livestock queues. Industry concentration and vertical integration can mitigate some of these problems by internalizing queuing costs and by reallocating workers across plants. Daily shocks make plants operate with either too many workers or too many live animals. Larger plants choose to be labor‐constrained more frequently, creating a trade‐off between wages and safety for workers.
Parallel model exploration for tumor treatment simulations
Authors: Akasiadis Charilaos , Ponce‐de‐Leon Miguel , Montagud Arnau , Michelioudakis Evangelos , Atsidakou Alexia , Alevizos Elias , Artikis Alexander , Valencia Alfonso , Paliouras Georgios
Published: March 2022

Computational systems and methods are often being used in biological research, including the understanding of cancer and the development of treatments. Simulations of tumor growth and its response to different drugs are of particular importance, but also challenging complexity. The main challenges are first to calibrate the simulators so as to reproduce real‐world cases, and second, to search for specific values of the parameter space concerning effective drug treatments. In this work, we combine a multi‐scale simulator for tumor cell growth and a genetic algorithm (GA) as a heuristic search method for finding good parameter configurations in reasonable time. The two modules are integrated into a single workflow that can be executed in parallel on high performance computing infrastructures. In effect, the GA is used to calibrate the simulator, and then to explore different drug delivery schemes. Among these schemes, we aim to find those that minimize tumor cell size and the probability of emergence of drug resistant cells in the future. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the approach.
The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 1 polymer relaxation phenomena
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M. , Liu Kangsheng
Published: March 2022

To investigate the contributions of polymer relaxation phenomena to the mechanism of disperse dye adsorption on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres, a commercial grade dye was applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric at temperatures between 30°C and 130°C. Three regions of temperature‐dependent dyeing behaviour were identified, in which the promotional effect imparted by increasing dyeing temperature varied, depending on whether dyeing had been carried out at temperatures that were below, within or above the polymer's glass transition temperature, Tg, namely < 65°C, between 65°C and 110°C and between 110°C and 130°C, respectively. When experimentally determined colour strength data points (log 1/fk) were fitted to plots of polymer structural relaxation (log aT) calculated using the Williams, Landel and Ferry equation as a function of (T − Tg), three different levels of correspondence were achieved which paralleled the observed three regions of temperature‐dependent dye uptake. The adsorption of the commercial disperse dye on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre therefore concurs with the free volume model of dye diffusion insofar as the diffusional behaviour of the dye is related to the relaxation time of the molecular motions occurring within the poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer. The finding that the poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate's glass transition extends over a broad range of temperature upto ~110°C explains why elevated dyeing temperatures in the region of 130/140°C must be used in High Temperature dyeing processes, and also, why ~75% of uptake of the commercial disperse dye on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric occurs over the very narrow 20‐30°C critical temperature range between 110 and 130°C/140°C.
Identifying predictors of species diversity to guide designation of marine protected areas
Authors: Hodge Brooke C. , Pendleton Daniel E. , Ganley Laura C. , O'Brien Orfhlaith , Kraus Scott D. , Quintana‐Rizzo Ester , Redfern Jessica V.
Published: March 2022

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a widely‐used tool for conserving biodiversity. Features that support marine mammal foraging have been suggested as important components to include in MPAs, but research is needed to understand the relationship between these features and diversity. For example, the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument represents an area known to support marine mammal foraging and was designated to protect an area of high marine mammal diversity. However, no comparisons have been made between marine mammal diversity in the Monument and other areas. We used 3,174,167 km of survey effort and 189,175 sightings to assess alpha and beta diversity in the Monument and 500 randomly selected sites along the east coast of the United States. We used linear models to relate diversity to variables that represent marine mammal foraging areas. Our analyses showed a gradient of higher to lower diversity from north to south and that the shelf‐edge, canyons, and areas of likely upwelling support high diversity. We also found that the Monument protects a diverse and unique marine mammal community. Our analyses contribute to efforts to designate MPAs to conserve habitat that is important for protecting species by identifying drivers of biodiversity and potential sites for protecting 30% of the planet by 2030.
Case of endoscopic bilateral stent‐in‐stent placement using long metallic stents for pancreatic cancer and plexus invasion
Authors: Sekine Masanari , Matsumoto Keita , Mashima Hirosato
Published: March 2022

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Neurological effects of COVID‐19 in infants and children
Authors: Stafstrom Carl E.
Published: March 2022

Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in children are becoming increasingly apparent as the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic continues. While children manifest relatively milder features of the disease, accumulating evidence warrants concern that COVID‐19 exacts both acute‐ and long‐term effects on the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. This review focuses on the relatively underinvestigated topic of the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the brain in infancy and childhood, concluding that clinicians should be attentive to both the acute effects and long‐term consequences of COVID‐19 from a neurological perspective.
Non‐attendance at outpatient clinic appointments by children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paget Simon P. , McIntyre Sarah , Goldsmith Shona , Ostojic Katarina , Shrapnel Jane , Schneuer Francisco , Waugh Mary‐Clare , Kyriagis Maria , Nassar Natasha
Published: March 2022

Aim

To determine factors that influence non‐attendance at outpatient clinics by children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study of 1395 children with CP (59.6% male; born 2005 to 2017) identified from the New South Wales (NSW)/Australian Capital Territory CP Register, who had scheduled appointments at outpatient clinics at two NSW tertiary paediatric hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and process‐of‐care factors and non‐attendance were examined using multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 5773 (12%) of 50 121 scheduled outpatient days were not attended. Non‐attendance increased over time (average increase 5.6% per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7–7.3). Older children aged 5 to 9 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22) and 10 to 14 years (aOR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03–1.34), socioeconomic disadvantage (aOR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.50), previous non‐attendance (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23–1.53), and recent rescheduled or cancelled appointments (aOR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16) were associated with increased likelihood of non‐attendance.

Interpretation

One in eight outpatient appointments for children with CP were not attended. Non‐attendance was associated with increasing age, socioeconomic disadvantage, previous non‐attendance, and recent rescheduled or cancelled appointments. Identifying specific barriers and interventions to improve access to outpatient services for these groups is needed.

What this paper adds

Twelve per cent of scheduled appointments for children with cerebral palsy are not attended.

Proportions of appointments not attended has increased over the last decade.

Increasing age and socioeconomic disadvantage increase the likelihood of non‐attendance.

Previous non‐attendance and recent cancelled or rescheduled appointments increase the likelihood of further non‐attendance.
Type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy trends in high‐risk subgroups
Authors: Bae Jay , Liu Dongju , Chinthammit Chanadda , Kadziola Zbigniew , Boye Kristina , Mather Kieren
Published: March 2022

Medication use trends among patients with type 2 diabetes from 2015 to 2019 were investigated in relation to the clinical group‐specific recommendations from the 2018 American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus report. Data were drawn from a large health insurance claims database representing Commercial (total patient‐year count: 2,379,704) and Medicare (total patient‐year count: 845,823) insurance programmes (IBM® MarketScan®). The utilization of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists increased over time but was lower in the Medicare cohort in every year evaluated. Patients diagnosed with obesity received recommended therapies at higher rates than those without obesity. Differences were more modest between those with versus without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or chronic kidney disease, with greater treatment adoption in those without ASCVD in the Medicare cohort. Utilization of recommended treatments was paradoxically lower in those with versus without heart failure, and worse in the Medicare than in the Commercial cohort. Utilization of sulphonylureas was not different in those with versus without severe hypoglycaemia history. In conclusion, utilization of therapies recommended in the guidelines is increasing overall, which is not preferentially guided by ADA/EASD‐defined clinical groups, and there exists a persistent gap in utilization between Commercial and Medicare populations.
Mapping crowdfunding in cultural and creative industries: A conceptual and empirical overview
Authors: Cicchiello Antonella Francesca , Gallo Serena , Monferrà Stefano
Published: March 2022

The landscape of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) has been changing strongly because of new players who have entered the arena by reshaping financing strategies. This work represents a first attempt to describe and compare the European population of crowdfunding platforms used by firms and creatives to launch cultural and creative projects. Specifically, we provide an assessment of how and where cultural crowdfunding platforms emerge. We also explore the extent to which government expenditures on cultural services in the EU affect crowdfunding platform origin and development, finding evidence that cultural crowdfunding is more developed when public engagement in promoting CCIs is high. In contrast, we find evidence of a strong substitution effect when the attractiveness of a country for other alternative funding sources is low. The results reveal that the number of successfully funded projects is higher when the platform is not dedicated exclusively to cultural and creative projects. Finally, higher information transparency and the use of social networks foster the platform's operational performance.