bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of anodization on the entropy generation in grooved heat pipes
Authors: Brusly Solomon A. , Jims John Wessley G. , Ganesh Madhu , Sharifpur Mohsen , Rethinam Renjith Singh
Published: September 2024

The present research deliberates the influence of anodization on the entropy reduction in heat pipes that have grooved wicks and are charged with anhydrous ammonia fluid. Entropy generation analysis indicates how much energy is squandered because of the poor heat transfer surface, and the entropy must be minimized at any cost for a better environment. Anodization was performed to form a thin porous layer with micro/nanostructured pores in the grooved heat pipe's (GHP's) interior surface. The test findings demonstrate that the anodized thin porous layer enhances capillary rise and accelerates heat transmission. The entropy generation was computed by utilizing the heat transfer between the evaporator and condenser of a GHP and the drop in pressure across it. The second‐law efficiency and overall entropy generation are also examined in this study. The findings demonstrate that for a GHP with a groove size of 400 µm (0.4 mm) and a thin porous covering, the lowest entropy generation owing to heat transfer across a heat pipe is 0.015 W/K and the overall entropy generation is 0.02 W/K. Also, the same anodized GHP receives a maximum second‐law efficiency of 89.12%. This investigation revealed that the thin porous coating through anodization is the prime reason for the entropy reduction in the heat pipe.
Analysis of the electronic nature and transport properties of Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa by computational electronic structure calculations
Authors: Khan Banaras , Saeed Muhammad , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Gul Sabahat , Qayyum Abdul , Bazilla Aiman , Shahzad Umar , Ullah Irfan , Khan Jabir , Muhammad Raza
Published: September 2024

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of the full‐Heusler materials Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa are studied, using first‐principles full potential linearized augmented plane waves method. To treat the exchange correlation, Generalized Gradient Approximation parameterized by PBE‐sol with the inclusion of spin polarization is used. The frequency fluctuation order is continual at 300 K after heating to 3 ps with very small distraction in the atomic structure conforming the structure stability of the studied structures. Also inclusion of spin‐orbit coupling effect on density of states undermines significant change in peaks specially d‐states in the materials and caused a degeneracy. Band structure analysis clarified that states crossing the Fermi level have the importance for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of the materials. The topology of the states indicates a gap at the bulk level, which is the unique character of the heavy elements in the materials Co2CrGe, Co2FeGe, and Co2NiGa. Thermoelectric properties are calculated for a temperature of 300 K using semi‐classical Boltzmann's theory implemented in BoltzTraP code. In these calculations, it is found that these materials favor electron doping with having maximum values of ZT in the n‐type region.
Controlled ethanol‐mediated polyphenol removal from sunflower meal: Impact on physicochemical, structural, flow‐behavior, and functional characteristics of isolated proteins
Authors: Dur Sadaf , Mir Nisar A. , Ganaie Tariq Ahmad
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Polyphenols present in sunflower meal act on sunflower proteins by reacting directly with their structures and thus influencing their purity, solubility, crystallinity, and functionality. However, the effect on these properties of varying concentrations of ethanol used in dephenolization has yet to be explored. The present study aimed to explore the impact of dephenolization using varying ethanol concentrations (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) on the physicochemical, color, thermal, structural, functional, and flow behavior of protein isolates extracted from sunflower meal.

RESULTS

Protein isolates originating from meals that were dephenolized using higher ethanol concentrations exhibited a protein content of 836.10 g kg−1. As the concentration of ethanol increased, a reduction in crystallinity was observed from 24% to 14.15%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed marked shifts in major peaks within the 1600 to 1700 cm−1 wavelength range, indicating significant structural and conformational changes. Sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) results demonstrated that dephenolization caused decline in molecular weight ranging from 25 kDa to 60 kDa. Dephenolization induced significant changes in surface morphology resulting in more heterogeneous and disordered surfaces as indicated by field emission–scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) micrographs. Overall improvement in the functional properties was observed, with an increase in solubility from 15.20% to 22.03%. Improvement in the flow behavior with an increase in porosity from 38% to 60% was also observed, due to dephenolization.

CONCLUSION

Dephenolization using 90% ethanol induced structural changes that enhanced physicochemical and functional characteristics of sunflower protein isolates by improving purity and solubility, reducing crystallinity, and increasing flow behavior. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Well‐posedness of the two‐dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations around a uniform flow
Authors: Fujii Mikihiro , Tsurumi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we consider the solvability of the two‐dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations on the whole plane . In Fujii [Ann. PDE, 10 (2024), no. 1. Paper No. 10], it was proved that the stationary Navier–Stokes equations on is ill‐posed for solutions around zero. In contrast, considering solutions around the nonzero constant flow, the perturbed system has a better regularity in the linear part, which enables us to prove the unique existence of solutions in the scaling critical spaces of the Besov type.
Tensor‐based process control and monitoring for semiconductor manufacturing with unstable disturbances
Authors: Li Yanrong , Du Juan , Tsung Fugee , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2024

With the development and popularity of sensors installed in manufacturing systems, complex data are collected during manufacturing processes, which brings challenges for traditional process control methods. This paper proposes a novel process control and monitoring method for the complex structure of high‐dimensional image‐based overlay errors (modeled in tensor form), which are collected in semiconductor manufacturing processes. The proposed method aims to reduce overlay errors using limited control recipes. We first build a high‐dimensional process model and propose different tensor‐on‐vector regression algorithms to estimate parameters in the model to alleviate the curse of dimensionality. Then, based on the estimate of tensor parameters, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) controller for tensor data is designed whose stability is theoretically guaranteed. Considering the fact that low‐dimensional control recipes cannot compensate for all high‐dimensional disturbances on the image, control residuals are monitored to prevent significant drifts of uncontrollable high‐dimensional disturbances. Through extensive simulations and real case studies, the performances of parameter estimation algorithms and the EWMA controller in tensor space are evaluated. Compared with existing image‐based feedback controllers, the superiority of our method is verified especially when disturbances are not stable.
A contact‐based analysis of local energetic frustration dynamics identifies key residues enabling RfaH fold‐switch
Authors: González‐Higueras Jorge , Freiberger María Inés , Galaz‐Davison Pablo , Parra R. Gonzalo , Ramírez‐Sarmiento César A.
Published: September 2024

Fold‐switching enables metamorphic proteins to reversibly interconvert between two highly dissimilar native states to regulate their protein functions. While about 100 proteins have been identified to undergo fold‐switching, unveiling the key residues behind this mechanism for each protein remains challenging. Reasoning that fold‐switching in proteins is driven by dynamic changes in local energetic frustration, we combined fold‐switching simulations generated using simplified structure‐based models with frustration analysis to identify key residues involved in this process based on the change in the density of minimally frustrated contacts during refolding. Using this approach to analyze the fold‐switch of the bacterial transcription factor RfaH, we identified 20 residues that significantly change their frustration during its fold‐switch, some of which have been experimentally and computationally reported in previous works. Our approach, which we developed as an additional module for the FrustratometeR package, highlights the role of local frustration dynamics in protein fold‐switching and offers a robust tool to enhance our understanding of other proteins with significant conformational shifts.
Genome mining of Bacillus thuringiensis strain SY49.1 reveals novel candidate pesticidal and bioactive compounds
Authors: Yılmaz Semih , Idris Abeer Babiker , Ayvaz Abdurrahman , Temizgül Rıdvan , Çetin Aysun , Hassan Mohammed A
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Bacillus thuringiensis SY49.1 (Bt SY49.1) strain has promising insecticidal and fungicidal activity against phytopathogens and pests. Therefore, we selected this strain for whole‐genome sequencing (WGS), annotation and analysis, with the aim of identifying genes responsible for producing putative pesticidal toxins, antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth‐promoting features.

RESULTS

Our results showed that the SY49.1 genome is 6. 32 Mbp long with a GC content of 34.68%. Genome mining revealed the presence of multiple gene inventories for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds such as insecticidal delta endotoxins, secondary metabolites, and several plant growth‐promoting proteins. Multiple sequence alignment revealed residue variations in the toxic core of Cry1Ab when compared with known Cry1Ab sequences from Bt nomenclature databases. This suggests that the cry1Ab of SY49.1 is a new kind of its group. Among the predicted secondary metabolites, we found a kurstakin with a predicted peptide that differs from the known kurstakin peptide available in the NORINE database. In addition, lipopeptides extracted from SY49.1 suppressed the growth of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum.

CONCLUSION

We anticipate that the complete genome of Bt SY49.1 may provide a model for properly understanding and studying antimicrobial compound mining, genetic diversity among the B. cereus group, and pathogenicity against insects. This is the first report on the WGS and mining of the Bt strain isolated from Turkey. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Disruption of Spodoptera exigua serine protease 2 (Ser2) results in male sterility by CRISPR/Cas9 technology
Authors: Zou Ping , Wu Liying , Wen Shuang , Pei Yakun , Hu Zhaonong , Zuo Yayun
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Sperm development and behavior present promising targets for environmentally safer, target‐specific biorational control strategies. Serine protease in seminal fluid proteins plays a crucial role in the post‐mating reproductive processes of lepidopteran pest insects. The serine protease 2 has been identified as the initiatorin of the seminal fluid protein in Lepidoptera, and its loss of function leads to male sterility. Nevertheless, the genetic pattern of this gene mutation and the impacts of various mutant genotypes on the hatchability of the eggs of pests remain unclear.

RESULTS

This study focused on the cloning of Spodoptera exigua serine protease 2 (SeSer2), which is specifically expressed in male moths. The open reading frame of SeSer2 consists of 843 nucleotides, encoding 280 amino acids with structural characteristics typical of serine proteases in the S1 family. To validate the functional role of SeSer2 in the fertility of S. exigua, a targeted ~3574‐bp deletion of SeSer2 was introduced using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, leading to premature truncation of the SeSer2 protein. The SeSer2 mutation had no significant impact on the growth and development of individuals of either sex. However, disruption of SeSer2 resulted in heritable male sterility. Although females mated with SeSer2−/− (SeSer2 knockout homozygote) males laid eggs normally, these eggs failed to hatch. SeSer2+/− (SeSer2 knockout heterozygote) male moths crossed with female moths produced viable offspring, indicating the gene's recessive role in egg hatching.

CONCLUSION

These findings strongly support the conclusion that the Ser2 gene is essential for male reproductive success in diverse lepidopterans. Targeting the Ser2 gene holds promise as a foundational element of a novel pest control strategy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Does the market value corporate impact investing and socially responsible investing?
Authors: Ng Anthony C. , Rezaee Zabihollah
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the value relevance of corporate impact investing (II) and socially responsible investing (SRI) strategies. We use the presence of sustainability strengths and the absence of sustainability concerns as proxies for corporate II and SRI strategies, respectively. Analyzing data from the 1991–2015 MSCI KLD environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of U.S. firms and employing a system of linear equations to control for endogeneity, we find that both corporate II and SRI are negatively associated with short‐term stock performance. However, the negative impact of SRI diminishes after 4 years. Our results are primarily driven by firms with weaker economic performance, smaller sizes, and lower levels of institutional ownership. Further analysis reveals that the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability performance are negatively associated with stock performance, while the governance dimension is positively associated. These findings have implications for policy, practice, and research related to II and SRI strategies and sustainability initiatives.
Progress of Self‐healing Materials based on Hindered Urea Bonds
Authors: Yan Xixian , He Xiaogang , Zhao Chunguang , Zhang Chi , Li Ning , Zeng Fanglei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ding Jianning
Published: September 2024

Over the past few decades, polymers with dynamic covalent bonds have received a lot of attention due to their self‐healing, shape memory, and environmental adaptation properties. However, most of them require a change in catalyst or environmental conditions to achieve bond reduction and exchange reactions, and the harsh conditions are not conducive to the practical application of the material. However, the dr‐polyurea based polyurethane (PUU) can be prepared at low temperatures, and can be worn and rebuilt in a catalyst free and mild environment, thus showing excellent self‐healing function. In this paper, the unique dynamic reaction mechanism of hindered urea bond (HUB), the properties of related polymers and the development of frontier are reviewed. In addition, the performance research of HUB and the application prospect of innovative synthetic PUU are also reviewed.
Experimental study on bond behavior ofTRUHPCplate under freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Zhou Chaoyang , Huang Lu , Surahman Ridho , Wang Lina , Jia Chaojun , Wang Yi
Published: September 2024

Textile‐reinforced concrete (TRC) has great potential to be used for strengthening concrete structures, and a combination of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid and ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) could be more desirable. Although the UHPC is known for good durability, the bond degradation between UHPC and CFRP under freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) remains unclear. Therefore, this paper conducted single fiber bundle and grid pull‐out tests on UHPC‐based TRC (TRUHPC) plates under FTCs to study the bond behavior between CFRP fiber and UHPC matrix. It was found that, after exposed to 700 FTCs, the pull‐out load of the single bundle of CFRP decreased by a maximum of 33.9%, while it dropped by 19.0% in case of the CFRP grid. Finally, a trilinear bond‐slip model was developed and verified against the experimental results. The findings of this study hold significant importance in assessing the tensile behavior of TRC plates under FTCs.
Exploration of mental health stigma in veterinary teams in the United States before and after evidence‐based psychoeducation for burden transfer
Authors: Gannon Kylie R. , Cousins Elizabeth , Martin John , Updegraff Alanna S. G. , Was Christopher , Carlson Mark D. , Spitznagel Mary Beth
Published: September 2024

Background

High rates of psychological distress are present in veterinary healthcare professionals and elevated mental health stigma in the field may underlie psychological treatment reluctance. A psychoeducational programme designed to reduce distress associated with difficult veterinary client behaviours (i.e., ‘burden transfer’) showed reduced stress and burnout in veterinary teams. We hypothesised that exposure to this psychoeducation could also yield reduced mental health stigma.

Methods

Data from 143 veterinary healthcare professionals who were randomised to intervention (n = 72) or control (n = 71) groups were examined. Intervention participants completed three weekly 1‐h psychoeducation sessions. Mental health stigma was assessed at pre‐test, post‐test and 1‐month follow‐up.

Results

Psychoeducation decreased mental health stigma in the intervention group relative to controls (β = ‒0.28, p = 0.009). The participants in this study self‐selected to enroll; thus, the results may reflect attitudes of individuals who were more psychologically open at baseline.

Conclusion

Exposure to evidence‐based psychoeducation, to reduce burden transfer, reduced mental health stigma in veterinary teams.
An Introduction to Paradata
Authors: Andersson Lisa , Huvila Isto , Sköld Olle
Published: September 2024

To address the challenge of data process and practice descriptions, the aim of this volume is twofold. First, we propose the paradata concept as a method to think about and describe data, information, and knowledge processes and practices. Second, by inviting scholars and practitioners from a wide variety of disciplines, we explore how the paradata concept can be useful in and for information and knowledge management in a wide range of settings. The volume brings together scholars and practitioners from a broad range of subject areas, each offering a distinctive perspective on paradata in different contexts, highlighting diverse scenarios in which collection, extraction, and use of such data may prove constructive. The introductory chapter gives a brief history of the paradata term including insights into current research on the topic. Thereafter follows a concise contextualization of the study of paradata in the knowledge management tradition. The chapter is concluded by a guide to the volume’s chapters.
Paradata as a Tool for Legal Analysis: Utilising Data-on-Data Related Processes
Authors: Enqvist Lena
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores aspects of the relationship between technology, transparency, and accountability in public decision-making. It addresses how technological advancements have increased accessibility and automation while complicating decision process reviewability. It explores transparency as a relational concept and focuses on legal obligations on documentation and records-keeping, such as in the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the upcoming EU Artificial Intelligence Act, as a means to bolster transparency and improve reviewability. In particular it also discusses the feasibility of gathering and analysing ‘paradata’—data pertaining to data processes—as a means to safeguard legality and transparency in automated decision-making, notably within the public sphere.
Making Research Code Useful Paradata
Authors: Bilderbeek Richèl J. C.
Published: September 2024

Paradata is data about the data collection process that allows use and reuse of data. Within the context of computational research, computer code is the paradata of an experiment, allowing the study to be reproduced. A recent study recommended how to make paradata (more) useful, for paradata in general. This study applies those recommendations to computer code, using the field of genetic epidemiology as an example. The chapter concludes by some rules how to better code to serve as paradata, and hence allowing computational research to be more reproducible.
A Leap of Faith: Revisiting Paradata in 3D Scholarship
Authors: Papadopoulos Costas
Published: September 2024

3D visualisation—be it computer graphic (re)construction or digitisation—has a long tradition in archaeology and cultural heritage; original research approaches, new methodologies, and theoretical frameworks have been developed; scholarly outputs in a range of forms have been published; teaching programmes have been designed; and an array of apparatuses, including organisations, consortia, projects, conferences, journals, and book series exclusively focusing on 3D, have been established. Despite all these, 3D scholarship is still faced with scepticism and hesitation, both due to constant changes in technology and the fragile ecosystem within which it is being developed, but also due to the technological authority, lack of standards, and its non-conventional nature that does not adhere to established academic norms. The development of charters and principles, such as the London and Seville Charters, which were developed to provide guidelines that tackle these issues, have been inconsistently addressed and rarely implemented. By looking back at the origins of paradata in heritage visualisation and the ways that three-dimensionality is perceived, captured, and interpreted in conventional archaeological practice, this chapter explores the variable and dialectic processes that take place at the trowel’s edge and the often neglected perceptual, physiological, and technical factors that influence knowledge production in the process of 3D (re)construction. The chapter argues that 3D scholarship requires a leap of faith and a rethinking of the ‘how, when, and why’ of paradata on a par with our better understanding of the complexity of and recent changes in digital scholarship.
Reconstructing Provenance in Long-Lived Data Systems: The Challenge of Paradata Capture in Memory Institution Collection Databases
Authors: Rayburn Alexandria J. , Thomer Andrea K.
Published: September 2024

Paradata is important for understanding the provenance of data—but capturing and using paradata is challenging because it is often not formalized or explicit. This is particularly the case for complex, long-lived digital objects, such as the databases used to manage long-lived museum collections. These databases are passed down between generations of collections managers, but the documentation explaining their structure and changes over time is often incomplete, thus posing an obstacle to the use and maintenance of the databases. Collection managers must often reverse engineer their databases and create documentation from scratch. Here, we present a case study of paradata reconstruction conducted as part of a larger project studying database maintenance in memory institutions. Through interviews with collection managers at the University of Michigan Herbarium and Matthaei Botanical Gardens, we reconstruct how a database evolved and changed over 50 years. We show how different ways of illustrating the history of a database can be used to help “open up” a database for users. We reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, specifically versioned entity relationship diagrams, Sankey diagrams, and narrative case summaries, and discuss the challenges in capturing paradata from long-lived sociotechnical objects.
The Persuasive Power of Advertisements: An Analysis of Structure and Context in Javanese in 1935–1953
Authors: Joyowidarbo Diah Mardiningrum , Fitriana Atin , Puspitorini Dwi
Published: September 2024

An advertisement is not only aimed to promote the content, but also shows the existence of other functions related to socioculture. The language of advertisement that is constantly heard will settle in the minds of the community. The research on advertisements has been conducted on many advertisements and in other languages as done by Wibisono, Mulyawan, Lubecka, Purwa, and Riani. Wibisono and Purwa conducted a research on advertisements under pragmatic analysis. On the other hand, Mulyawan and Riani explained the research on advertisements using discourse analysis, and Lubecka explained a research about national identity in advertisements. Purwa’s and Mulyawan’s research focused on the structure to find the persuasive aspects, yet did not referr to the contextual aspects. Based on these previous studies, research on discourse analysis regarding the persuasive power of past advertisements hasn’t been studied. Also, the research on the discourse of Javanese-language advertisements published in the period before and the beginning of independence has never been done. Unlike today’s advertisements, the advertisements in the past show a different structure. This research focuses on the analysis of superstructures, readers’ attention propositions, and sociocultural contexts to explain the persuasive power of advertisement through the languages used ​​in Panjebar Semangat magazine published in 1935–1953; the period before and after independence. In the analysis, this research uses the discourse analysis approach; precisely on the theory of discourse of advertisement formulated by Leech and Bolen’s, and Fairclough’s theory is used to analyze the context in advertising. The results show that the persuasive power of advertisement present in the superstructure (headlines, signature lines, and illustrations) and microstructure of advertisement (the use of imperative and interrogative sentences). The advertisement also succeeds in reflecting the sociocultural state of the nation during the period before and after independence. Contextually, the advertisement managed to convey the sociocultural function which showed the Dutch influence was still highly attached to the period before independence. As for the period after independence, there was a national idea contained in the advertisement, which was seen from the elements of discourse in the advertisement. This study contributes to understanding the persuasive functions of utterances in Javanese-language advertisements and how the persuasive power of Javanese used in advertisements gets its perlocutionary effect, as well as to explain how the Javanese culture reflects on the elements of the advertisements.
Semantic Cognitive Analysis of Chinese Language VO Collocation
Authors: Christian Symphony Akelba , Sutami Hermina
Published: September 2024

This study used cognitive semantic point of view to find the cognitive semantic elements in play in the formation of Chinese VO collocation. It explains why the object of certain VO collocation cannot be exchange arbitrarily. The focus of this study is the collocation in the transportation domain: the verbs 坐 (zuò), 骑 (qí), and 开 (kāi) as they collocate with their objects. The purpose of the study is to describe the cognitive semantic element embedded in those verbs and nouns. This research was conducted using the Chinese Web 2011 corpus (Sketch Engine). The result of the study on 38,160 collocation indicates that the differences in semantic meaning of verbal and object, differences in categorization of verbal and object, and differences in frames, play a role in the formation of VO collocations of the verbs 坐 (zuò), 骑 (qí), 开 (kāi). The differences in the semantic meanings of the verbs and objects and the differences in the categorization of the verbs and objects form an event frame which then combines in conceptual blending and form VO collocation. These findings also contribute to the field of language learning and teaching since it provides a broader picture and explanation of the formation of Chinese VO Collocation which can be used by teacher, students and textbook/teaching materials designer.
Claiming Importance of Research: A Corpus Linguistics Analysis on Indonesian Students’ Research Papers
Authors: Simanjuntak Risa Rumentha
Published: September 2024

Research in universities has been deemed as a key aspect in showing rigor and accountability as well as the gatekeeper for academic quality. Research writing and publication, including those composed by students, are expected to provide strong and compelling applications of knowledge in their field. This present research investigated strategies used by students in claiming importance by way of presenting stance and arguments in their research writings. Corpus for this study was 1,178 student research abstracts from undergraduate student final papers in Indonesia. Two sub-corpora were built from this corpus, consisting of English version abstracts and Indonesian original abstracts. Corpus analysis was conducted to identify the lexical use and the context of the use of rhetorical markers by analyzing frequency, clusters, concordance, and collocations in the corpus. Using AntConc 4.2.4 as the tool for corpus analysis, the investigation was focused on the strategies in using hedges and boosters to present stance and arguments. Results of this study showed students used distinctive rhetorical markers in their abstracts, including the frequent recurrence of passive verbs (7 passive verbs out of 20 verbs). Results also showed the word “metode” (method) was frequently used (occurring 1,079 times in the Indonesian sub-corpus) in comparison to the word “hasil” (result) (occurring 588 times in the sub-corpus). Students also used more hedges (24 types) than boosters (17 types), contrary to common understanding. The findings of this study indicated the strategies students used to claim importance of their research. Students were also clearly aware of the value of writing as evidence of academic achievements and adherence. The conclusion for this study demonstrated the importance of providing students with alternative routes to show rigor and quality in writing. Implications for further research and for data-driven applications in writing courses were also discussed.
Holographic Lifshitz flows
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Pujolàs Oriol , Wu Xin-Meng
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Without Lorentz symmetry, generic fixed points of the renormalization group (RG) are labelled by their dynamical (or ‘Lifshitz’) exponent z. Hence, a rich variety of possible RG flows arises. The first example is already given by the standard non-relativistic limit, which can be viewed as the flow from a z = 1 UV fixed point to a z = 2 IR fixed point. In strongly coupled theories, there are good arguments suggesting that Lorentz invariance can emerge dynamically in the IR from a Lorentz violating UV. In this work, we perform a generic study of fixed points and the possible RG flows among them in a minimal bottom-up holographic model without Lorentz invariance, aiming to shed light on the possible options and the related phenomenology. We find: i) A minor generalization of previous models involving a massive vector field with allowed self-couplings leads to a much more efficient emergence of Lorentz invariance than in the previous attempts. Moreover, we find that generically the larger is the UV dynamical exponent zUV the faster is the recovery of Lorentz symmetry in the IR. ii) We construct explicitly a holographic model with a line of fixed points, realizing different Lifshitz scaling along the line. iii) We also confirm the monotonicity of a recently proposed a-function along all our Lorentz violating RG flows.
An Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Integrated into the Clinical Workflow Can Ensure High Quality Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage CT Diagnostic.
Authors: Villringer K. , Sokiranski R. , Opfer R. , Spies L. , Hamann M. , Bormann A. , Brehmer M. , Galinovic I. , Fiebach J. B.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid diagnostic and therapeutic action. This study evaluates whether Artificial intelligence (AI) can provide high-quality ICH diagnostics and turnaround times suitable for routine radiological practice.

Methods

A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and validated to detect ICHs on DICOM images of cranial CT (CCT) scans, utilizing about 674,000 individually labeled slices. The CNN was then incorporated into a commercial AI engine and seamlessly integrated into three pilot centers in Germany. A real-world test-dataset was extracted and manually annotated by two experienced experts. The performance of the AI algorithm against the two raters was assessed and compared to the inter-rater agreement. The overall time ranging from data acquisition to the delivery of the AI results was analyzed.

Results

Out of 6284 CCT examinations acquired in three different centers, 947 (15%) had ICH. Breakdowns of hemorrhage types included 8% intraparenchymal, 3% intraventricular, 6% subarachnoidal, 7% subdural, < 1% epidural hematomas. Comparing the AI’s performance on a subset of 255 patients with two expert raters, it achieved a sensitivity of 0.90, a specificity of 0.96, an accuracy of 0.96. The corresponding inter-rater agreement was 0.84, 0.98, and 0.96. The overall median processing times for the three centers were 9, 11, and 12 min, respectively.

Conclusion

We showed that an AI algorithm for the automatic detection of ICHs can be seamlessly integrated into clinical workflows with minimal turnaround time. The accuracy was on par with radiology experts, making the system suitable for routine clinical use.
Improved estimates of child malnutrition trends in Bangladesh using remote-sensed data
Authors: Das Sumonkanti , Basher Syed Abul , Baffour Bernard , Godwin Penny , Richardson Alice , Rashid Salim
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the trends in chronic malnutrition (stunting) among young children across Bangladesh’s 64 districts and 544 sub-districts from 2000 to 2018. We utilized remote-sensed data–nighttime light intensity to indicate urbanization, and environmental factors like precipitation and vegetation levels–to examine patterns of stunting. Our primary data source was the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, conducted six times within the study period. Using Bayesian multilevel time-series models, we integrated cross-sectional, temporal, and spatial data to estimate stunting rates for years not covered by the direct survey information. This approach, enhanced by remote-sensed data, allowed for greater prediction accuracy by incorporating information from neighboring areas. Our findings show a significant reduction in national stunting rates, from nearly 50% in 2000 to about 30% in 2018. Despite this overall progress, some districts have consistently high levels of stunting, while others show fluctuating levels. Our model gives more precise sub-district estimates than previous methods, which were limited by data gaps. The study highlights Bangladesh’s advancements in reducing child stunting, highlighting the value of integrating remote-sensed data for more precise and credible analysis.
Genomic identification of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus isolates, a biocontrol agent for coconut rhinoceros beetle
Authors: Hiszczynska-Sawicka Ela , Weston Mitchell K. , Laugraud Aurelie , Hefer Charles A. , Jacobs Jeanne M. E. , Marshall Sean D. G.
Published: September 2024

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros, CRB) is a serious pest of coconut and oil palms. It is native to South and Southeast Asia and was inadvertently introduced to Samoa in 1909. It has invaded many other Pacific countries throughout the last century. Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV), a natural pathogen of CRB in its native range, was successfully introduced as a classical biocontrol agent and has effectively suppressed invasive CRB populations for decades. However, resurgence of CRB has been recorded, with new invasions detected in several Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Additionally, new populations of CRB are emerging in some invaded areas that have a degree of resistance to the virus isolates commonly released for CRB biocontrol. Here, we designed a fast and reliable tool for distinguishing between different OrNV isolates that can help with the selection process to identify effective isolates for management of new CRB invasions. A comparison of 13 gene/gene region sequences within the OrNV genome of 16 OrNV isolates from native and invaded ranges allowed us to identify unique Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). With these SNPs, we developed an assay using multiplex PCR-amplicon-based nanopore sequencing to distinguish between OrNV isolates. We found that as few as four gene fragments were sufficient to identify 15 out of 20 OrNV isolates. This method can be used as a tool to monitor the establishment and distribution of OrNV isolates selected for release as biocontrol agents in CRB-infected areas.
Methyl Jasmonate Application Downregulates Drupelet Reversion and Enhances Phenolic Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Potential of Blackberries
Authors: Shah Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib , Singh Zora , Hasan Mahmood Ul , Kaur Jashanpreet , Afrifa-Yamoah Eben , Woodward Andrew
Published: September 2024

Blackberry plants were sprayed with methyl jasmonate (MJ 0, 1, 2 or 3 mmol L−1), 2 weeks before tentative harvest maturity, to evaluate its influence on red drupelet reversion (RDR), antioxidant capacity and postharvest quality during cold storage up to 12 days. MJ significantly reduced RDR and weight loss while maintaining higher anthocyanins and flavonoids during cold storage for 12 days. MJ application upregulated phenolic metabolism by maintaining higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, and showed higher total antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and glutathione content. MJ-treated blackberries displayed higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase enzymes, than control for 12 days of cold storage. Moreover, MJ-treated fruit suppressed the production of hydrogen peroxide radicals and malondialdehyde with lower activities of polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase enzymes. In conclusion, preharvest application of MJ has the potential to reduce RDR, improve antioxidant capacity and maintain fruit quality of cold stored blackberries.
Exclusive endoscopic tympanoplasty efficacy in the treatment of cholesteatoma without mastoid involvement
Authors: Bianconi Luca , Meneghesso Stefano , Arietti Valerio , Leonardi Giacomo , Monzani Daniele , Sacchetto Luca
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the recurrence rate of cholesteatoma in patients who have undergone exclusive endoscopic tympanoplasty at our tertiary referral institution. A secondary objective is to analyze different clinical aspects that could be considered risk factors for recurrence to establish if it is possible to determine when a second-look procedure is indicated instead of a clinical follow-up.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on patients who had undergone exclusive endoscopic tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma in the last eight years and who were followed up for at least one year. The efficacy of the treatment performed only with the exclusive endoscopic technique was analyzed. Then, the anamnestic and intraoperative data were studied to identify possible factors that could increase the risk of recurrence.

Results

The recurrence rate (14.5%) in patients (164) who underwent primary surgery with the exclusive endoscopic technique between January 2014 and January 2022 was similar to that in patients who underwent the microscopic technique with mastoidectomy in literature. In addition, we analyzed several clinical factors such as age, ossicular chain erosion, extension and localization of the cholesteatoma finding that only the last one could potentially be a risk factor for recurrence in this selected population.

Conclusion

Exclusive endoscopic tympanoplasty has been shown to be effective in removing cholesteatoma in patients without evidence of mastoid involvement, with recurrence rates comparable to traditional microscopic technique and a minimally invasive approach, even considering the patient’s age, ossicular chain erosion and extension of the disease.
Mechanical power distribution of the lower limbs changed during intermittent 300 countermovement jumps
Authors: Sanno Maximilian , Goldmann Jan-Peter , Heinrich Kai , Wahl Patrick , Brüggemann Gert-Peter
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 300 intermittent countermovement jumps (CMJs) on the mechanical power distribution at the joints of the lower limbs and the influence of the upper body to explain vertical jump performance.

Methods

Fifteen male sport students (age 24.5 ± 2.3 years; body height 1.85 ± 0.06 m; body mass 84.8 ± 8.5 kg) performed a set of intermittent 300 CMJs at maximal effort. An inverse-dynamic approach was used to calculate the mechanical power at the hip, knee, and ankle joint for each jump.

Results

Jump height and mechanical power in the knee and ankle joints decreased significantly (p < .010), while remained the same in the hip joint. In contrast, a significant increased vertical velocity was observed for the upper body segment. In addition, a significant higher angular momentum at the center of mass was detected during the braking and propulsion phase.

Conclusion

The findings highlight a fatigue-related decrease in lower limb power, particularly in the knee and ankle joints, which changed the mechanical power distribution at the joints of the lower limbs. The trunk extensor muscles were probably able to counteract the fatigue-related decrease in lower limb power by increased vertical velocity of the upper body segment and higher angular momentum at the center of mass during the braking and propulsion phase. Accordingly, the most effective way to maintain jumping performance in fatigued state would be to improve the fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors, and trunk extensor muscles.
The PATROL1 function in roots contributes to the increase in shoot biomass
Authors: Notaguchi Michitaka , Ichita Manami , Kawasoe Takaya , Monda Keina , Kurotani Ken-ichi , Higaki Takumi , Iba Koh , Hashimoto-Sugimoto Mimi
Published: September 2024

Main conclusion

PATOL1 contributes to increasing biomass not only by effective stomatal movement but also by root meristematic activity.

PATROL1 (PROTON ATPase TRANSLOCATION CONTROL 1), a protein with a MUN domain, is involved in the intercellular trafficking of AHA1 H+-ATPase to the plasma membrane in guard cells. This allows for larger stomatal opening and more efficient photosynthesis, leading to increased biomass. Although PATROL1 is expressed not only in stomata but also in other tissues of the shoot and root, the role in other tissues than stomata has not been determined yet. Here, we investigated PATROL1 functions in roots using a loss-of-function mutant and an overexpressor. Cytological observations revealed that root meristematic size was significantly smaller in the mutant resulting in the short primary root. Grafting experiments showed that the shoot biomass of the mutant scion was increased when it grafted onto wild-type or overexpressor rootstocks. Conversely, grafting of the overexpressor scion shoot enhanced the growth of the mutant rootstock. The leaf temperatures of the grafted plants were consistent with those of their respective genotypes, indicating cell-autonomous behavior of stomatal movement and independent roles of PATROL1 in plant growth. Moreover, plasma membrane localization of AHA1 was not altered in root epidermal cells in the patrol1 mutant implying existence of a different mode of PATROL1 action in roots. Thus PATROL1 plays a role in root meristem and contributes to increase shoot biomass.
Reproductive development in Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae: Nymphaeales): the involvement of AGAMOUS-like genes
Authors: Moschin Silvia , Nigris Sebastiano , Offer Elisabetta , Babolin Nicola , Chiappetta Adriana , Bruno Leonardo , Baldan Barbara
Published: September 2024

Main conclusion

In the early diverging angiosperm Trithuria submersaTsAG1 and TsAG2 are expressed in different flower organs, including bracts, while TsAG3 is more ovule-specific, probably functioning as a D-type gene.

Species of Trithuria, the only genus of the family Hydatellaceae, represent ideal candidates to explore the biology and flower evolution of early diverging angiosperms. The life cycle of T. submersa is generally known, and the “reproductive units” are morphologically well described, but the availability of genetic and developmental data of T. submersa is still scarce. To fill this gap, a transcriptome analysis of the reproductive structures was performed and presented in this work. This analysis provided sequences of MADS-box transcription factors, a gene family known to be involved in flower and fruit development. In situ hybridization experiments on floral buds were performed to describe the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the AGAMOUS genes, revealing the existence of three AG genes with different expression domains in flower organs and in developing ovules. Trithuria may offer important clues to the evolution of reproductive function among early angiosperms and Nymphaeales in particular, and this study aims to broaden relevant knowledge regarding key genes of reproductive development in non-model angiosperms, shaping first flower appearance and evolution.
GCD inequalities inspired by Vojta’s conjecture
Authors: Yasufuku Yu
Published: September 2024

We prove several GCD inequalities inspired by Vojta’s deep conjecture in Diophantine geometry. These inequalities work with all algebraic numbers, so they can be thought of as attempts to extend GCD inequalities for S-units obtained by Corvaja and Zannier. Some of the inequalities we derive are weakened versions of inequalities obtained by Silverman under the assumption of Vojta’s conjecture. The upper bounds for the GCD’s in these inequalities all involve some contributions of heights and some contributions coming from the local heights outside S. The main ingredient of the proofs is the recent Diophantine approximation result of Ru and Vojta which is based on Schmidt subspace theorem and which involves a birational invariant coming from the asymptotic growth of the number of global sections of certain line bundles.