bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Currículo de formação docente inicial e inclusão de estudantes PAEE: uma análise do Projeto Imersão Docente
Authors: Caldeira Maria Carolina da Silva
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa os saberes e as práticas disponibilizados no currículo de formação inicial docente do Projeto Imersão Docente (PID), no que se refere à inclusão de estudantes público-alvo da educação especial (PAEE), com base nos significados atribuídos por aqueles/as que participaram do Projeto. O PID constitui-se como uma possibilidade de formação inicial de professores/as que opera por meio da inserção de futuros/as docentes em turmas de ensino fundamental de uma escola de tempo integral que funciona em uma Universidade Federal. Nesse Projeto, os/as estudantes de graduação têm a possibilidade de atuarem como mediadores/as do processo de inclusão de alunos/as PAEE, sendo orientados/as pela equipe docente que atua na instituição. Com base na perspectiva pós-crítica e, particularmente, nos conceitos desenvolvidos por Michel Foucault, compreende-se que o currículo desse Projeto disponibiliza certos saberes e demanda que os/as graduandos/as exerçam certas práticas sobre si mesmos/as a fim de constituírem-se como futuros/as professores/as que tomam a inclusão como aspecto central de suas ações docentes. Por meio da análise de entrevistas realizadas com treze graduandos/as que atuaram no Projeto entre 2016 e 2018, argumenta-se que esse currículo opera com saberes que proporcionam o questionar(-se) constante, a compreensão da “diferença dentro da diferença” e a crença no potencial de todos/as para a permanente aprendizagem. Dessa forma, esse currículo reativa o imperativo da inclusão que opera na atualidade e produz docentes que acreditam na potencialidade da educação inclusiva para a promoção de uma educação mais justa e igualitária.
Perfil clínico, sociodemográfico e preditores de óbito em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Busanello Josefine , Quevedo Erica Gomes , Escobal Ana Paula de Lima , Pinto Deisy Mello de , Silveira Natália Pinto , Mocellin Lucas Pitrez
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva do interior do Brasil e caracterizar os óbitos e os seus fatores preditores. Método: estudo transversal realizado a partir da análise documental de prontuários de amostra aleatória de pacientes em cuidados intensivos. Foram coletados dados entre 2016 e 2018 utilizando instrumento padronizado. Análise descritiva realizada comparando óbitos e sobreviventes. Utilizou-se regressão multivariável para identificação dos preditores do óbito. Resultados: considerando os 259 pacientes analisados, ocorreram 231 mortes (89,2%). Entre os óbitos, predominaram o sexo feminino (55,4%), raça branca (75,3%) e baixa escolaridade (66,7%). As variáveis idade avançada, insuficiência cardíaca e infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana adquirida foram consideradas preditores do óbito. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a caracterização dos pacientes atendidos na terapia intensiva, assim como a identificação de sujeitos com maior risco de morte, fornecendo subsídios para a elaboração de estratégias efetivas de prevenção do óbito.
Repercussões da prática educativa no autocuidado e manejo do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 na infância
Authors: Hermes Thaís Schmidt Vitali , Rodrigues Rosa Maria , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Toso Beatriz Rosana Goncalves de Oliveira , Conterno Solange De Fátima Reis , Viera Claudia Silveira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: apresentar as repercussões de uma prática de educação em saúde para o autocuidado e manejo da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 entre crianças. Método: estudo qualitativo com grupo focal e descrição do perfil glicêmico das crianças. As atividades de educação em saúde, lúdica e com cartilha educativa, foram desenvolvidas com quatro crianças com diabetes e seus familiares, em ambulatório de hospital universitário. Análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Resultados: a atividade física mostrou-se como alternativa eficaz para prática de autocuidado, porém, houve resistência à adoção de hábitos alimentares direcionados ao diabetes, relacionados ao controle glicêmico inadequado e aumento de complicações. Observou-se mudanças no manejo da doença comparando-se o antes e após as atividades educativas. Conclusões: recursos lúdicos e cartilha educativa repercutiram positivamente no manejo da família e no autocuidado da criança com Diabetes Mellitus.
Architecture and philosophy: Paradoxes and metamorphoses of their meeting
Authors: Younès Chris
Published: July 2021

It is well known that Jacques Derrida emphasized the idea of an essential cohabitation between philosophy and architecture, declaring: "The Collège international de philosophie should provide the place for a meeting (rencontre), a thinking meeting, between philosophy and architecture. Not in order to finally have them confront each other, but to think what has always maintained them together in the most essential of cohabitations." This paper addresses in particular a hypothesis about the metamorphoses of this meeting that, from unity of architectonics and principles, becomes multiple and of another nature. So there is a reevaluation in terms of limits and passages; in other words, in terms of opening up. The first meeting can be considered as a metaphorical game of mirrors in which each presents itself as prevailing over the other forms of knowledge - one as the science of theory, the other as a science of techniques. This ordered and oriented posturing will collapse at the same time as the disappearance of a finite cosmos. In this dissolution, architecture and philosophy have recomposed themselves to deal with the space and time of inhabited milieus that affect not only the constitution of the gaze, but also a transformation of the world. It is examined how their interface is a heuristic structure of questioning.
Margins of architecture
Authors: Ferraris Maurizio
Published: July 2021

Starting from the example of the particularly ugly Palazzo Nuovo in Turin, this paper aims at providing, by way of comparison between architecture and visual arts, ten interpretations (conceptuality, auraticity, supplementarity, irresponsibility, parergonality, authoriality, subalternity, documentality, pyramidality, reality), which describe the characteristics of contemporary architecture as well as indicating certain limits and rules that architecture must necessarily come to terms with.
La nave di pietra: The stone ship
Authors: Lazović Zoran
Published: July 2021

The World is permanently constructed and deconstructed. Is there an essential paradox of deconstructionism in creative works of architects? What does architectural design correspond to? Diary of a story where the narrator is his own interpreter: From an uncertain reminiscence and faded copies to the multiple new originals. Where was the architect's Babylon? The Group Portrait. Kriegs Insel in Plannen. The Expulsion from the Earthly Paradise. Block 24. The Culture Center of the Third Millennia. The Futuristic Approach to the Sava Amphitheatre of the Third Millennia. Urban Utopia: Homage to the City of Vukovar. The City of Hope. Cauchemare. Night work. Imago Mundi. Observatory of the Future? Wandering and the life at the low frequency. Belgrade Necrosis and the Death of Serbia. The Parallel of introspection, or the death of many worlds in front of us. Those who cannot see that dying will see some other worlds disappearing: their decay, dissolution, disappearance. Look into abyss of the past: for some trace, or for some more traces comparatively. The Architecture. Images. Fragments. Hybrids. Testimony of preserved images, objects, architectural compositions, iconographic fragments, montages, assemblages, art collages, menthol bricolages. The Reflection of major events and ideas: constantly changing and disappearing Context. Context of the big movements. Fashion. Trends. Mainstreams. Wars. Creative priorities and visions. The Anatomy Lesson: confronting your own designs and constructs, bonding, parsing, deconstruction, reminiscence and reconstruction, re-membering. Some trace of already obliterated existence and the inevitable disappearance. Is there an anticipation and a prediction of the events and disintegration, departure and return? What sorts of frames have had the images that were invisible at the time? Trace through the Specter of Derrida.
Strategy of exhibiting and presentation of architecture as an exhibition form: With a retrospect of exhibitionary practices in Serbia following 2000
Authors: Mladenović Milorad
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the existing and possible modalities and strategies of exhibiting and presentation of contemporary architecture in specific exhibition conditions (gallery or museum spaces or in the context of public space), not aiming at perceiving the issue of presentation in all its aspects with regards to the complexity and all the circumstances of this theme expanse. This paper is focused on the level of research of the relations between the real model and its presentation or on the diverse ways of interpretation of the designed model in the context of its possible realization or some of its special program or utopian social function. Also, the focus of the paper is based on the analysis of the media practices of presentation of ideas and concepts in architecture, as well as on the possibility of architecture be presented as professional, artistic and social practice through those media. In separate part of this paper the practice of exhibition and presentation of the Serbian architecture following 2000 will be presented through analysis of the systems and forms of exhibition in the existing social and cultural conditions of significance for architecture and based on previously provided analyses.
Exhibition space of remembrance: Rhythmanalysis of memorial park Kragujevački oktobar
Authors: Martinović Marija
Published: July 2021

War memorial architecture that emerged after World War II was a significant part of the building program of Yugoslavia. Marking the war events (traumas) is an important constituent of memory, and thus participates in the construction of contemporary knowledge regarding a given historical period. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of legislation and politics on the formation of the image of society and history of that period, through the analysis of the case study of Memorial park Kragujevački Oktobar in Šumarice, Kragujevac. After WWII, the dominant tendency in Yugoslav planning of memorials was to establish a new form of memorial park. Even though the building requirements in this case were clear, they were not carried out consistently, which left to the memorial incomplete. Nevertheless, within the Memorial park and Memorial museum in the park, there are several pieces of art of the highest quality, completed through a synthesis of different art disciplines. The influence of decisions of the authorities on the development of the Memorial park and the creation of its art will be described through the methodology of rhythmanalysis. The same analysis will be applied to determine how the construction of the park impacted the local community
Clinical Efficacy of Endocytoscopy for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Misawa Masashi , Kudo Shin-ei , Takashina Yuki , Akimoto Yoshika , Maeda Yasuharu , Mori Yuichi , Kudo Toyoki , Wakamura Kunihiko , Miyachi Hideyuki , Ishida Fumio , Inoue Haruhiro
Published: July 2021

Endocytoscopy (EC) is a contact-type optical endoscope that allows in vivo cellular observation during gastrointestinal endoscopy and is now commercially available not only in Japan but also in Asian, European Union, and Middle Eastern countries. EC helps conduct a highly accurate pathological prediction without biopsy. Initially, EC was reported to be effective for esophageal diseases. Subsequently, its efficacy for stomach and colorectal diseases has been reported. In this narrative review, we searched for clinical studies that investigated the efficacy of EC. EC seems to accurately diagnose gastrointestinal diseases without biopsy. Most of the studies aimed to clarify the relationship between endocytoscopic findings of gastrointestinal neoplasia and pathological diagnosis. Some studies have investigated non-epithelial lesions or diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or infectious diseases. However, there are few high-level pieces of evidence, such as randomized trials; thus, further studies are needed.
ITINERÁRIOS EXTENSIONISTAS
Authors: Anjos Filho Antonio Carlos dos , Santos Alfredo Balduíno , Caliari Fábio Manoel , Santos Vera Márcia Marques
Published: July 2021

Este artigo aborda o itinerário pedagógico do Núcleo Extensionista Rondon da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - NER/UDESC, trazendo aspectos de compreensão epistemológica, considerando as escolhas por currículo que proporcione a integração entre sociedade e universidade, no qual o conhecimento e as demandas destes espaços dialoguem na perspectiva de acesso ao que se faz necessário à uma sociedade emancipada e emancipadora, como prática política, na qual as escolhas possam ser intencionalmente dirigidas ao bem comum. 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Extensão Universitária. NER/UDESC. Imersão Social.
EXPERIÊNCIA DE UMA RONDONISTA SOBRE A LUZ DOS SABERES DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Mai Scheila
Published: July 2021

Introdução: o Núcleo Extensionista Rondon – NER/UDESC, como uma das principais ações de Extensão da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), vem possibilitando o intercâmbio dos acadêmicos em diferentes áreas de conhecimento e a inserção da universidade em diversos cenários do estado de Santa Catarina e de outros estados da federação. Objetivo: relatar a contribuição do Rondon no processo formativo, de forma leve e baseada em um diálogo de descobertas dos referenciais teórico de Paulo Freire. Resultados: foram quatro Operações vivenciadas pelo Núcleo Extensionista Rondon – UDESC, três delas como acadêmica do curso de enfermagem do Centro Oeste Catarinense e uma dela compondo junto com um colega na coordenação da Operação. Na diversidade dos extensionistas dos diferentes núcleos do saber, desenvolvemos inúmeras atividades com diferentes indivíduos desde bebês, crianças, adolescentes, jovens, adultos até idosos. Na diversidade da comunidade, foi necessário adaptar as diferentes abordagens como para escolares, profissionais de saúde, profissionais da educação, servidores públicos, lideranças comunitárias, pessoas com necessidades especiais, pessoas em ambientes institucionalizados outras hospitalizadas, pessoas vivendo em locais de difícil acesso, entre outras. Foi necessário integrar os diferentes setores da sociedade como a educação, cultura, saúde, direitos humanos, justiça, comunicação, tecnologia, meio ambiente, trabalho e produção.  As temáticas trabalhadas foram diversas de acordo com a necessidade do município e os conhecimentos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento que os acadêmicos tinham a oferecer. O Rondon proporciona a aproximação da academia com a sociedade, uma vivência de extensão na qual deveria ser oportuno à todos os acadêmicos vivenciar, pois nos aproxima do real e nos (trans) forma. Conclusão: acrescento em minha bagagem de experiências e aprendizados como rondonista, que todos devemos ser “sujeito da sua própria (trans)formação”, encontrar sentido para o que estamos fazendo e ser implicados com a realidade das comunidades, que não é estável que se movimenta e modifica.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA MENTORIA POR MEIO DO CIBERESPAÇO NO CURSO EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA, CURRÍCULO E SOCIEDADE - NER/UDESC 2020
Authors: Ramos Ivoneti da Silva , Marian Sérgio , Staloch Rubens
Published: July 2021

Este relato apresenta uma experiência de mentoria para elaboração de oficinas de caráter extensionistas realizada no Módulo 4 do curso de Extensão Universitária, Currículo e Sociedade, promovido pelo Núcleo Extensionista Rondon da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (NER/UDESC) durante o ano de 2020. Ainda, se tem como intuito manter a memória dos trabalhos realizados diante do desafio da produção virtual de oficinas nas Área Meio Ambiente e Trabalho. A metodologia para escrita seguiu a lógica de pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica não sistemática e observação realizada concomitante ao desenvolvimento do projeto, além da coleta de depoimentos dos cursistas por meio de formulário eletrônico. Como resultados, se elenca que diversas foram as contribuições aos cursistas, sobretudo, a oportunidade de formação e experiência. Por fim, fica ainda, o registro de um momento histórico de esforço da Extensão Universitária e a experiência da mentoria mediada por meio do ciberespaço, o qual mostrou-se muito promissor para mediações futuras.
User guide for NIST Media Forensic Challenge (MFC) datasets
Authors: Guan Haiying , Delgado Andrew , Lee Yooyoung , Yates Amy N , Zhou Daniel , Kheyrkhah Timothee , Fiscus Jon
Published: July 2021

More than 300 individuals from 150 organizations across 26 countries and regions use the NIST released Media Forensic Challenge (MFC) datasets for their research. The MFC datasets were created for use in the DARPA MediFor (Media Forensics) program. Since their release, multiple questions have been fielded regarding the dataset properties, including contents, metadata definitions, usage, data repurposing, etc. For example: what do the datasets contain? What are the definitions of the different kinds of metadata? How does one label the data with the reference information to build the training data for machine learning algorithms? How would one modify/extract the data for their own research purposes? This document serves as a user guide for the MFC datasets, including those used in the Nimble Challenge (NC). This guide includes: 1) a description about MFC datasets including background, evolution history, and the dataset summary by the evaluation tasks; 2) user access and permissions of MFC datasets; 3) an introduction to the MFC data by providing a simple example of a manipulation journal graph and its detailed corresponding MFC dataset reference files; 4) an introduction to a flexible subset selection approach, Selective Scoring, to sample the test probes from the entire test set for the particular task evaluation; 5) information to help users gain a deeper understanding of the metadata by presenting two commonly used approaches to illustrate the manipulation operation statistic histogram distributions, and 6) a general template of the NIST MFC evaluation dataset to facilitate the future dataset generation.
Embodied practices of prosthesis
Authors: Christensen-Strynø Maria Bee , Eriksen Camilla Bruun
Published: July 2021

While the prosthesis is often thought of as a technology or an artefact used to ‘fix’ or make ‘whole’ a disabled body, it has also become an important figuration and metaphor for thinking about disabled embodiment as an emblematic manifestation of bodily difference and mobility. Furthermore, the ambiguity and broadness of prosthesis as an object and a concept, as well as its potential as a theoretical and analytical thinking tool, show up in widely different areas of popular culture, art and academic scholarship. In this article, we explore the opportunities of the ways in which prosthesis might be a helpful and productive fi gure in relation to framing, analyzing and understanding certain healthcare-related practices that are not traditionally associated with disability. Our aim is to suggest new ways of building onto the idea of the performative value of the prosthetic fi gure and its logics as a continuum through which very different forms of embodied practices could be meaningfully understood and analyzed. Thus, we argue that the logic of the prosthesis can be helpful in uncovering tensions related to idealistic and dominant ideas about health and embodiment. First, we engage with the theoretical discussions from cultural studies, including critical disability studies, in which we broaden the scope of the concept of prosthesis. Second, we introduce and discuss two illustrative case examples in the form of dance therapeutic practices for people with Parkinson’s disease and group therapeutic practices in male-friendly spaces. In doing so, we seek to raise new questions about the ongoing cultivation of bodily and health-related interventions through the lens of the prosthetic spectrum, which we have labelled embodied practices of prosthesis.
Immediate Changes of Glucose Metabolism After Gastretomy for Early Gastric Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Yoon Hong , Seo Kyung Won , Yoon Ki Young , Shin Yeon Myeong , Choi Young Sik , Kim Bu Kyung
Published: July 2021

Objectives It is well known that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is dramatically improved after bariatric surgery, although the mechanisms have not been clearly identified. The skill required for gastric surgery for gastric cancer is very similar to that needed in bariatric surgery. In this study, we evaluated the immediate improvement of T2DM after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of nine patients who were diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) and already had T2DM underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before surgery and within two weeks after gastrectomy. Glucose, insulin, and c-peptide were measured before, and 30 and 60 minutes after ingesting 75 g of glucose. From these trials, we calculated the HOMA-IR, insulinogenic index, Matsuda index, and area under the curve (AUC). Results The mean age of participants was 57.23 ± 11.08 years and eight of them were men. HOMA-IR (4.2 vs. 2.3, P = 0.012) levels were decreased after surgery. There were no significant differences of insulinogenic index, fasting blood sugar before and after surgery. The Matsuda index (3.3 vs. 8.3, P = 0.002) was significantly increased and AUC (512.9 vs. 388.7 mg-hr/dL, P > 0.001) upon 75 g OGTT was significantly decreased after surgery. Conclusions Insulin sensitivity was immediately improved after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in patients with T2DM.
Reason, Emotion and Solidarity in Humanitarian Advocacy
Authors: Claire Arjun
Published: July 2021

Evidence-based advocacy is all the rage in humanitarian action. It is premised on
rational thinking, which posits that factual evidence can limit subjective bias
in humanitarians’ call for change. Data has come to be a cornerstone of
this turn towards reason, aggregating human stories in numbers and percentages,
which when reaching an elusive threshold is expected to persuade decision-makers
to act. This article claims that the prominence of data and facts comes at the
cost of understanding people’s concerns and aspirations, and reveals an
increasingly emotions-scarce and morally depleted humanitarian enterprise.
Examining Médecins Sans Frontières concept of
témoignage, the article argues that the pull between
reason and emotion crystallises a more profound tension between the need for a
professional and technical humanitarianism as opposed to a political and morally
charged one. It concludes that the prism of solidarity can help reinvigorate
humanitarian advocacy helping reconcile reason with emotion, combining practices
of advocacy with those of activism, in turn creating the foundations of a more
solidarist humanitarianism.
Nekoliko aspekata Fihteovog poimanja prirode i uloge transcendentalne apercepcije: Sučeljavanje sa Hegelom
Authors: Laketa Saša
Published: July 2021

Suprotno Hegelu, koji već u prvim rečenicama Uvoda u Fenomenologiju duha Kantovu filozofiju ograničava predikatima kriticističkog skepticizma i egološkog psihologizma, Fihte pokušava da iznađe filozofske argumente koji bi Kantov transcendentalni sistem, upravo, oslobodili, ili udaljili od takvih ograničenja. Fihteovo nastojanje da se Kantov kriticizam pojmi i saopšti na način koji je oslobođen skeptičkih i psihologističkih preostataka jedno je od lica njegovog razumijevanja duha, a ne slova Kantove filozofije, a jedno od najbitnijih obilježja takvog pristupa leži u posebnostima prisutnim prilikom Fihteovog razumijevanja prirode i uloge transcendentalne apercepcije. U radu ćemo uporediti pojedine elemente Hegelovog i Fihteovog pristupa Kantovoj filozofiji i uputiti na nekoliko bitnih aspekata Fihteovog (ne)egološkog razumijevanja transcendentalne apercepcije, a sve to u svrhu preciznijeg odmjeravanja udaljenosti između Fihteove i Hegelove idealističke pozicije. Konkretno, tvrdićemo da je Fihteov transcendentalni idealizam bliži Hegelovom apsolutnom idealizmu u mjeri u kojoj je Fihteovo poimanje prirode transcendentalnoga Ja udaljeno od egoloških teorijskosaznajnih koncepcija.
Аксиолошка етика Николаја Хартмана
Authors: Стојановић Горан
Published: July 2021

Рад одређује значај и допринос аксиолошки фундиране моралне филозофије Николаја Хартмана. Хартман намјерава превазићи незадовољавајуће једностране и сукобљене позиције које су вијековима оптерећивале етичку теорију помирењем Ничеовог изазова превредновања вриједности са Кантовим априорним дужностима користећи се материјално-вриједносном етиком Макса Шелера. Феноменолошком анализом моралног искуства Хартман жели изградити етику на објективним аксиолошким темељима. Етику као дисциплину конципира подједнако контемплативно као и нормативно. Својим истраживањем етика мора у пуноћи и разноврсности обухватити све сфере духа који јој доносе материјала. Јединство етике у плуралитету морала налази у њеној аксиолошкој одређености. Вриједности спознајемо априорно емотивистички и оне постоје попут Платонових идеја. Нову скалу вриједности дијели на: фундаменталне вриједности (елементарне вриједности и вриједности добра), основне моралне вриједности (добро, племенито, чистота, обиље искуства), специфичне моралне вриједности или врлине груписане у три етоса како су историјски биле откриване (античким, средњовјековним и модерним етосом). Однос вриједности, по узору на природне науке, уређује законима (слојева и фундирања, супротности и комплементарности, висине и јачине вриједности). Хартман нам нуди упечатљиву картографију вриједносног неба. На крају, поред антиномија које Хартманова филозофија свакако садржи, можемо закључити да је његов допринос аксиологији и етици од суштинског значаја. Савремена етичка теорија која заборавља Хартманову мисао озбиљно је због тога осујећена у својим резултатима.
Reduced synchroneity of intra-islet Ca2+ oscillations in vivo in Robo-deficient β cells
Authors: Adams Melissa T , Dwulet JaeAnn M , Briggs Jennifer K , Reissaus Christopher A , Jin Erli , Szulczewski Joseph M , Lyman Melissa R , Sdao Sophia M , Kravets Vira , Nimkulrat Sutichot D , Ponik Suzanne M , Merrins Matthew J , Mirmira Raghavendra G , Linnemann Amelia K , Benninger Richard KP , Blum Barak
Published: July 2021

The spatial architecture of the islets of Langerhans is hypothesized to facilitate synchronized insulin secretion among β cells, yet testing this in vivo in the intact pancreas is challenging. Robo βKO mice, in which the genes Robo1 and Robo2 are deleted selectively in β cells, provide a unique model of altered islet spatial architecture without loss of β cell differentiation or islet damage from diabetes. Combining Robo βKO mice with intravital microscopy, we show here that Robo βKO islets have reduced synchronized intra-islet Ca2+ oscillations among β cells in vivo. We provide evidence that this loss is not due to a β cell-intrinsic function of Robo, mis-expression or mis-localization of Cx36 gap junctions, or changes in islet vascularization or innervation, suggesting that the islet architecture itself is required for synchronized Ca2+ oscillations. These results have implications for understanding structure-function relationships in the islets during progression to diabetes as well as engineering islets from stem cells.
A chimeric nuclease substitutes a phage CRISPR-Cas system to provide sequence-specific immunity against subviral parasites
Authors: Barth Zachary K , Nguyen Maria HT , Seed Kimberley D
Published: July 2021

Mobile genetic elements, elements that can move horizontally between genomes, have profound effects on their host's fitness. The phage-inducible chromosomal island-like element (PLE) is a mobile element that integrates into the chromosome of Vibrio cholerae and parasitizes the bacteriophage ICP1 to move between cells. This parasitism by PLE is such that it abolishes the production of ICP1 progeny and provides a defensive boon to the host cell population. In response to the severe parasitism imposed by PLE, ICP1 has acquired an adaptive CRISPR-Cas system that targets the PLE genome during infection. However, ICP1 isolates that naturally lack CRISPR-Cas are still able to overcome certain PLE variants, and the mechanism of this immunity against PLE has thus far remained unknown. Here, we show that ICP1 isolates that lack CRISPR-Cas encode an endonuclease in the same locus, and that the endonuclease provides ICP1 with immunity to a subset of PLEs. Further analysis shows that this endonuclease is of chimeric origin, incorporating a DNA-binding domain that is highly similar to some PLE replication origin-binding proteins. This similarity allows the endonuclease to bind and cleave PLE origins of replication. The endonuclease appears to exert considerable selective pressure on PLEs and may drive PLE replication module swapping and origin restructuring as mechanisms of escape. This work demonstrates that new genome defense systems can arise through domain shuffling and provides a greater understanding of the evolutionary forces driving genome modularity and temporal succession in mobile elements.
Analysis and forecasts for trends of COVID-19 in Pakistan using Bayesian models
Authors: Feroze Navid , Abbas Kamran , Noor Farzana , Ali Amjad
Published: July 2021

Background

COVID-19 is currently on full flow in Pakistan. Given the health facilities in the country, there are serious threats in the upcoming months which could be very testing for all the stakeholders. Therefore, there is a need to analyze and forecast the trends of COVID-19 in Pakistan.

Methods

We have analyzed and forecasted the patterns of this pandemic in the country, for next 30 days, using Bayesian structural time series models. The causal impacts of lifting lockdown have also been investigated using intervention analysis under Bayesian structural time series models. The forecasting accuracy of the proposed models has been compared with frequently used autoregressive integrated moving average models. The validity of the proposed model has been investigated using similar datasets from neighboring countries including Iran and India.

Results

We observed the improved forecasting accuracy of Bayesian structural time series models as compared to frequently used autoregressive integrated moving average models. As far as the forecasts are concerned, on August 10, 2020, the country is expected to have 333,308 positive cases with 95% prediction interval [275,034–391,077]. Similarly, the number of deaths in the country is expected to reach 7,187 [5,978–8,390] and recoveries may grow to 279,602 [208,420–295,740]. The lifting of lockdown has caused an absolute increase of 98,768 confirmed cases with 95% interval [85,544–111,018], during the post-lockdown period. The positive aspect of the forecasts is that the number of active cases is expected to decrease to 63,706 [18,614–95,337], on August 10, 2020. This is the time for the concerned authorities to further restrict the active cases so that the recession of the outbreak continues in the next month.
Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pereira-Neto Elisio A. , Lewthwaite Hayley , Boyle Terry , Johnston Kylie , Bennett Hunter , Williams Marie T.
Published: July 2021

Background

Blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE) improves physical fitness, with theorized positive effects on vascular function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report (1) the effects of BFRE on vascular function in adults with or without chronic health conditions, and (2) adverse events and adherence reported for BFRE.

Methodology

Five electronic databases were searched by two researchers independently to identify studies reporting vascular outcomes following BFRE in adults with and without chronic conditions. When sufficient data were provided, meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression were performed.

Results

Twenty-six studies were included in the review (total participants n = 472; n = 41 older adults with chronic conditions). Meta-analysis (k = 9 studies) indicated that compared to exercise without blood flow restriction, resistance training with blood flow restriction resulted in significantly greater effects on endothelial function (SMD 0.76; 95% CI [0.36–1.14]). No significant differences were estimated for changes in vascular structure (SMD −0.24; 95% CI [−1.08 to 0.59]). In exploratory meta-regression analyses, several experimental protocol factors (design, exercise modality, exercised limbs, intervention length and number of sets per exercise) were significantly associated with the effect size for endothelial function outcomes. Adverse events in BFRE studies were rarely reported.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence, predominantly available in healthy young adults, on the effect of BFRE on vascular function. Signals pointing to effect of specific dynamic resistance exercise protocols with blood flow restriction (≥4 weeks with exercises for the upper and lower limbs) on endothelial function warrant further investigation.
Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system
Authors: Wu Ke , Ali Izhar , Xie Huimin , Ullah Saif , Iqbal Anas , Wei Shangqing , He Liang , Huang QianYing , Wu Xiaoyan , Cheng Fangwei , Jiang Ligeng
Published: July 2021

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beiliu. Fertilization (N180P90) had higher effective panicle number (4,158,800 panicle ha−1) and grains panicle−1 (113.84 grains) compared with other treatments. Teyou 582 treated with N90P45 and Y Liangyou 1 treated with N180P90 improved seed setting rate average by 82.91% and 72.17% compared with other treatments at Beiliu in both seasons, respectively. N0P0 and N90P45 increased the thousand-grain weight (TGW) of Y Liangyou 1 at Binyang (27.07 g) and Liucheng (27.84 g) during the early and late seasons, respectively. In Beiliu, the N90P45 treatment (6611.7 kg ha−1) of Teyou 582 increased grain yield compared with other treatments. Overall, our results suggested that reducing N and P at the ratio of 90:45 kg ha−1 in Teyou 582 and Y Liangyou 1 could increase rice grain yield and yield components.
NMDAR in bladder smooth muscle is not a pharmacotherapy target for overactive bladder in mice
Authors: Xie Xiang , Luo Chuang , Liang Jia Yu , Huang Run , Yang Jia Li , Li Linlong , Li YangYang , Xing Hongming , Chen Huan
Published: July 2021

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that affects a significant patient population. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has a role in developing bladder overactivity, pharmacological inhibition of which inhibits bladder overactivity. The common pathogenesis of OAB involves bladder smooth muscle (BSM) overactivity. In this study, a smooth muscle–specific NMDAR knockout (SMNRKO) mouse model was generated. The bladders fromSMNRKOmice displayed normal size and weight with an intact bladder wall and well-arranged BSM bundles. Besides,SMNRKOmice had normal voiding patterns and urodynamics and BSM contractility, indicating that NMDAR in BSM was not essential for normal physiological bladder morphology and function. Unexpectedly, cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treatedSMNRKOand wild-type (WT) mice had similar pathological changes in the bladder. Furthermore,SMNRKOmice displayed similar altered voiding patterns and urodynamic abnormalities and impaired BSM contractility compared with WT mice after CYP treatment. MK801 partially reversed the pathological bladder morphology and improved bladder dysfunction induced by CYP, but did not cause apparent differences between WT mice andSMNRKOmice, suggesting that NMDAR in BSM was not involved in pathological bladder morphology and function. Moreover, the direct instillation of NMDAR agonists or antagonists into the CYP-induced OAB did not affect bladder urodynamic function, indicating that NMDAR in BSM was not the pharmacotherapy target of MK801 for CYP-induced cystitis. The findings indicated that NMDAR in BSM was not essential for normal physiological or pathological bladder morphology and function, and MK801 improving pathological bladder function was not mediated by an action on NMDAR in BSM.
Risk Analysis of Waterway Pipes in Rapid Flow Areas using CFD Simulations
Authors: Choi A-Young , Choi Sin-Woong , Woo Chang Gyu , Han Dong-Hun
Published: July 2021

In this study, the validity of the theoretical model was examined by applying a CFD model and comparing the results of the existing theoretical equations for predicting the flow velocity inside and outside water pipes, and the dangers around the water pipes in the torrent area in relation to the recent fatal accidents of firefighters was analyzed. The CFD simulation was performed using the commercial analysis program ANSYS R1; the actual accident site was measured and simplified. The flow velocity was measured four times faster inside the canal pipe than the outside, and the results were used to suggest a plan to prevent disaster relief activities and safety accidents.
Relationship between Designed Fire and Performance of Smoke-Control System in a Living Room
Authors: Joung Suckhwan , Oh Wonsin
Published: July 2021

The effects of the size of a designed fire on the ventilation system of an adjacent zone is estimated in this study based on a visibility requirement of 5 m in a non-fire zone at 600 s after ignition. To verify the adequacy of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) input file, smoke movement and ceiling temperature under the hot smoke test conditions of AS4391-1999 were compared with those from the FDS results. The average temperatures measured at 12 locations were within the range of ± 2σ, with the exception of one point, and predicted smoke movement adequately. The size of the designed fire was analyzed in terms of the air volume conditions of the NFSC 501 for a heat release rate (HRR) of 1650 kW (air supply and exhaust at 45,000 cubic meters per hour (CMH)) as well as air volume conditions for a HRR of 1100 kW (air supply at 35,606 CMH and exhaust at 32,506 CMH). It was determined that one of the major factors influencing the required safety egress time was the mixture of downdraft airflow from the diffusers and smoke layer crossing the ventilation boundary.
Overexpression of HPRT1 is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahmadi Mohsen , Eftekhari Kenzerki Maryam , Akrami Seyed Mohammad , Pashangzadeh Salar , Hajiesmaeili Fatemeh , Rahnavard Sahereh , Habibipour Leila , Saffarzadeh Negin , Mousavi Pegah
Published: July 2021

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), as a salvage pathway enzyme, plays a crucial role in modulating the cell cycle and has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the relationship between the HPRT1 gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) has not been investigated so far. In this study, we first evaluated the expression and clinical value of HPRT1 mRNA and protein in tumor and healthy control tissues. Then, we examined mutations of the HPRT1 gene and their association with survival outcomes of patients with HNSCC. We also performed functional analyses of HPRT1 coexpressed genes and examined the association between HPRT1 expression and drug sensitivity. Both HPRT1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HNSCC compared with normal tissues, and up‐regulation of HPRT1 was also correlated with age, sex, pathological stage and histological grades of patients with HNSCC. Moreover, HPRT1 and its associated genes were observed to be enriched for several cancer‐related pathways, including DNA replication and cell cycle. Finally, patients exhibiting overexpression of the HPRT1 gene may be resistant to abiraterone and sensitive to several drugs, including tozasertib and teniposide. This study demonstrated that the elevated expression of HPRT1 gene is correlated with the progression of HNSCC; thus, this gene may serve as a useful indicator for the early detection, risk stratification and targeted therapy of patients with HNSCC.
On the importance of quality assurance (QA) for COMS eye plaque Silastic inserts: A guide to measurement methods, typical variations, and an example of how QA intercepted a manufacturing aberration
Authors: Oare Courtney C. , Deufel Christopher L. , McCauley Cutsinger Jordan , De La Fuente Herman Tania , Ferreira Clara
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Eye plaques are widely used for ocular melanoma and provide an effective alternative to enucleation with adequate tumor control. A COMS plaque utilizes a Silastic insert for precise positioning of the radioactive seeds with respect to the scleral surface of the eye; however, due to manufacturing variability, the insert may unintentionally increase or decrease the distance between the sources and tumor. The purpose of this work is to provide guidance in measuring and identifying outliers in Silastic inserts. The importance of regular quality assurance (QA) is illustrated in an experience where a systematic problem was detected and the manufacturer's 22‐mm mold was corrected.

Methods

A detailed description of the molds and manufacturing process used to produce Silastic inserts is provided, including photographs of the process steps. The variability in Silastic insert production was evaluated by measuring the thickness of 124 Silastic inserts. An estimate of how the observed Silastic thickness discrepancies impact the dose to the tumor and critical eye structures was performed using homogeneous dose calculations. A standard QA protocol was developed to guide the clinical user.

Results

Thickness of the measured Silastic inserts ranged from 1.22 to 2.67 mm, demonstrating variation from the 2.25 mm standard. Six of the 22‐mm inserts were outliers (Δthickness >3 standard deviations) and were excluded from the statistics. The outliers were investigated with the help of the manufacturer, who discovered that a systematic error was accidentally introduced into the 22‐mm mold.

Conclusions

Due to manufacturing errors or variability, the Silastic inserts used in COMS eye plaques may be thicker or thinner than the design standard. Such variations may impact tumor control or increase the risk of normal tissue side effects. A standardized QA program is recommended to detect variations and communicate unusual findings to the manufacturer.
A sensitivity analysis of probability maps in deep‐learning‐based anatomical segmentation
Authors: Bice Noah , Kirby Neil , Li Ruiqi , Nguyen Dan , Bahr Tyler , Kabat Christopher , Myers Pamela , Papanikolaou Niko , Fakhreddine Mohamad
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Deep‐learning‐based segmentation models implicitly learn to predict the presence of a structure based on its overall prominence in the training dataset. This phenomenon is observed and accounted for in deep‐learning applications such as natural language processing but is often neglected in segmentation literature. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the significance of class imbalance in deep‐learning‐based segmentation and recommend tuning of the neural network optimization objective.

Methods

An architecture and training procedure were chosen to represent common models in anatomical segmentation. A family of 5‐block 2D U‐Nets were independently trained to segment 10 structures from the Cancer Imaging Archive's Head‐Neck‐Radiomics‐HN1 dataset. We identify the optimal threshold for our models according to their Dice score on the validation datasets and consider perturbations about the optimum. A measure of structure prominence in segmentation datasets is defined, and its impact on the optimal threshold is analyzed. Finally, we consider the use of a 2D Dice objective in addition to binary cross entropy.

Results

We observe significant decreases in perceived model performance with conventional 0.5‐thresholding. Perturbations of as little as ±0.05 about the optimum threshold induce a median reduction in Dice score of 11.8% for our models. There is statistical evidence to suggest a weak correlation between training dataset prominence and optimal threshold (Pearson and ). We find that network optimization with respect to the 2D Dice score itself significantly reduces variability due to thresholding but does not unequivocally create the best segmentation models when assessed with distance‐based segmentation metrics.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that those practicing deep‐learning‐based contouring should consider their postprocessing procedures as a potential avenue for improved performance. For intensity‐based postprocessing, we recommend a mixed objective function consisting of the traditional binary cross entropy along with the 2D Dice score.
Knowledge‐based radiation treatment planning: A data‐driven method survey
Authors: Momin Shadab , Fu Yabo , Lei Yang , Roper Justin , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2021

This paper surveys the data‐driven dose prediction methods investigated for knowledge‐based planning (KBP) in the last decade. These methods were classified into two major categories—traditional KBP methods and deep‐learning (DL) methods—according to their techniques of utilizing previous knowledge. Traditional KBP methods include studies that require geometric or anatomical features to either find the best‐matched case(s) from a repository of prior treatment plans or to build dose prediction models. DL methods include studies that train neural networks to make dose predictions. A comprehensive review of each category is presented, highlighting key features, methods, and their advancements over the years. We separated the cited works according to the framework and cancer site in each category. Finally, we briefly discuss the performance of both traditional KBP methods and DL methods, then discuss future trends of both data‐driven KBP methods to dose prediction.