bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative evaluation of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms for their Antifungal potential against plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Joshi Savita , Kumar Parikshit , Pant Prabha , Sati SC
Published: September 2021

Fungicidal activity of 10 ethnobotanically known Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plants namely Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were tested against six plant disease causing fungal pathogens by agar well-diffusion method. Forty extracts of these gymnospermic leaves in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) were studied by performing the 160 sets of experiments. The MIC values of each extract (where % inhibition ≥ 40%) were also determined. All the plant extracts exhibited strong antifungal activity. Results indicated that all leaves extracts of C. griffithi and G. biloba were found most effective among the tested plants extracts. Hexane extract of C. griffithi was showed highest inhibitory activity against C. falcatum (72%; MIC, 7.81µg/ml) and T. indica (70%; MIC, 15.62µg/ml). On the other hand, ethanol extract of G. biloba also showed remarkable activity against P. oryzae (66% with MIC, 7.81g/ml). While P. wallichiana leave extracts were found less active among the studied plants against all the tested fungal strains. The chloroform extracts were found the most effective against all the tested fungi (10% to 60%), followed by ethanol extract (30-50%), methanol extract (20-40%), while in hexane extracts ranged 10-30% only. The extracts of C. griffithi exhibited superior Relative Antifungal Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by G. biloba and A. cunninghamii (RAA, 19 and 12%, respectively). All data were also analyzed for determination of total activity of plant for each studied species of gymnosperm. C. griffithi had maximum activity i.e. 71 % followed by G. biloba (54%) and A. cunninghamii (33%). C. torulosa showed the least total activity and RAA i.e. 8% and 3%, respectively. All the plant species assayed possess definite antifungal properties and suggested for phytochemical analysis to identify the active principles responsible for their antifungal activity.
Field based efficacy assessment of some ethno-herbal practice as an alternative anthelminthic approach in Black Bengal goat in Tribal area of Bengal
Authors: Maji Chinmoy , Pal K , Kesh SS , Mandal KD , Nandi A , Mukherjee J , Tudu B , Goswami A
Published: September 2021

Bengal goats reared in semi-intensive system by marginal tribal farmers of West Bengal, India are naturally infested with endoparasites due to different managemental and climatic factors. Easily available ethnoveterinary herbs like Swertia chirata, Piper Nigrum and Nigella sativa mixture were assessed as an alternative anthelminthic approach compared with market available dewormers in parasite infested goat in field level. The study based on 36 bengal goats revealed that the herbal mixture is as effective as chemical dewormer to reduce the parasitic load. Moreover, the total protein and AST value is better in herbal treated goats.
In-vitro evaluation of Scoparia dulcis Linn. for anti – urolithiatic activity
Authors: Sasidharan Hima , Mallya Suma Venkatesh , Suchitra Prabhu , Kumar Koppala Narayana Sunil
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a complex process that occurs from series of several physicochemical event including super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. Data from invitro, in- vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either alternative or an adjunct therapy in the management of Urolithiasis. Scoparia dulcis (L.) have been reported to possess antiurolithiatic property by various folk lore practitioners. Methods: The in- vitro antiurolithiatic study of the whole plant of S. dulcis (L). through titrimetric and turbidity method to check their potential in dissolving calcium oxalate crystals using Cystone as the standard compound Result: The aqueous extract showed relatively higher dissolution of 66.96% of stones than the alcoholic extract. The turbidity showed by the alcohol extract and the aqueous extract of test drug (S. dulcis (L).) was highly significant compared to the standard (Cystone).
Lipid-lowering effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts on Triton WR 1339 – induced hyperlipidaemia in the rats
Authors: Omede A , Atanu FO , Suleiman MS , Omotoso OD , Jegede R , Sheneni VD
Published: September 2021

Vernonia amygdalina is a common plant reported to have several health benefits. This study investigated the dose dependent hypolipidemic potentials of the leaf extracts, following Triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemia. Adult male albino rats (average weight 185 ± 0.7 g) were pretreated with the ethyl acetate extract at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for seven (7) days after which the hyperlipidemia was induced with Triton WR 1339 (200 mg/kg body weight). The serum and liver of the animals were then assayed for; total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein). Histopathological investigation was carried out in the liver of all experimental animals. The result showed that pretreatment with ethyl acetate extract of V. amygdalina elicited a significant dose dependent (P<0.05) decline in Triton WR 1339 invoked increase in Total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration. Similarly, there was a significant dose dependent reduction in the levels of LDL in the pretreated group when compared to Triton WR 1339 control group. Conversely, significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase was observed in HDL levels in the pretreated group when compared to the Triton group. It could be inferred from the results that V. amygdalina reduces the risk of diseases caused by hyperlipidemia.
RP-HPLC based evidences of rich sources of Phenolics and water-soluble vitamins in an annual sedge Cyperus compressus
Authors: Datta Sudeshna , Seal Tapan , Sinha BK , Bhattacharjee Soumen
Published: September 2021

The present study makes an effort to evaluate the content of water-soluble vitamins like ascorbic acid (C), thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6) and folic acid (B9) by HPLC of Cyperus compressus. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out in different solvent system of varying polarity. The 70% ethanol appeared to be the most potent solvent for extraction of antioxidant compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found 72.544 ± 0.144 mg/g dm and 12.930 ± 0.144 mg/g dm respectively in the plant. Simultaneous HPLC fingerprinting of some standard phenolic acids and flavonoids in the 70 % aqueous ethanol extract was also carried out. B vitamins ranged between 0.028 to 0.431 mg/100g dm. The results confirm that this annual sedge is an excellent source of antioxidant- based phytonutrients, which could be used for the good of human being at the same time it can be used as a vitamin supplement to our diet. The study also provides the scientific basis of traditional significance of Cyperus compressus.
Anthelmintic efficacy and safety of selected medicinal plants against mixed gastrointestinal nematodes in artificially infected sheep
Authors: Muthee John Kaunga
Published: September 2021

There has been widespread resistance to anthelmintics by pathogenic helminths to an extent where there is multi-drug resistance against all major classes of conventional anthelmintics. This world-wide phenomenon calls for urgent search for different approaches to the control of helminthosis including novel anthelmintic products. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of selected plants, which are frequently used in the treatment and control of helminthosis, in artificially infected sheep under controlled laboratory conditions. The selected plant species were, Albizia anthelmintica Brongn, Embelia schimperi L., Myrsine africana L. and Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez. Thirty six male Dorper lambs, aged between 6 and 8 months, artificially infected with mixed gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) under controlled laboratory conditions, were used for the study. Efficacy was determined using percentage fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT %) and percentage total worm count reduction (TWCR %). Safety of the remedies was assessed using health, hematological and biochemical parameters. The FECR % against the mixed gastrointestinal nematodes was -55, 7.6, 34.2, 69.3 and 83.3% for Albizia anthelmintica, Embelia schimperi, Rapanea melanophloeos, albendazole and Myrsine africana respectively. TWCR% of 60.7, 44.6, 66, 69.7 and 35.6 percent were recorded for Albizia anthelmintica, Embelia schimperi, Myrsine Africana, Rapanea melanophloeos, and albendazole groups respectively. It was concluded that some of the remedies like M. africana have good efficacy at safe levels and should further be evaluated to determine the most optimum dosages. The gastrointestinal nematodes used in this study were resistant to albendazole.
Acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) leaves in rats
Authors: Emmanuel Affy Mataphouet , Roger Kouakou Koffi , Toussaint Douhoure Gnaore , Koffi Kouakou
Published: September 2021

Amaranthus viridis is a plant of the family Amaranthaceae, used by traditional medicine in the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological activities of A. viridis. To assess these activities, two types of test were performed: Acute and subacute toxicity test. Phytochemical analysis performed on the aqueous extract of A. viridis revealed the presence of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins, sterolpolyterpenes, Saponosids, cardiac glycosides, traces of alkaloids and leucoanthocyanines. The aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis showed no evidence of single dose toxicity (2000 mg/kg) when studying acute toxicity. The subacute toxicity study of the aqueous extract of A. viridis at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg showed no signs of toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that A. viridis does not cause toxicity at the doses studied.
Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Gomphrena serrata by using Swiss albino mice
Authors: V Joji Babu , Sireesha TSM , KVLSN Anjana Male Ch. , Swathi V , Balaiah S , D Subba Reddy
Published: September 2021

Epilepsy is characterised by abnormal behaviour which is leading to tonic flexon, tonic extension, clonus and stupor. Many novel therapeutic regimens were used to treat these disorders through different ways including altering neurotransmission, but so far there is no specific treatment approach which is satisfactory to the patients in terms of complete cure. Our approach is to make understand the herbal medicines usage towards epilepsy. The ethanolic plant extract of Gomphrena Serrata at 400mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 800mg/kg were given to albino mice which were treated with maximum electric shock of 30mA current and pentelene tetrazolium in two different techniques. The results with these extract doses showed significant results which indicated decrease in clonic extension and stupor. Whereas there is no decrease in the tonic flexon observed with all doses. All these results were compared with the standard drug Phenytoin at 25mg/kg I.P. However, the ethanolic plant extract of Gomphrena Serrata at 600mg/kg showed marked increase in the therapeutic activity which is equivalent to Phenytoin and can be compared. Apart from these the ethanolic plant extract of Gomphrena Serrata at 400mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 800mg/kg showed significant decrease in the recovery times when compared to control group.
Bioefficacy of Selected Plant Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais on Post-Harvest Management of Zea mays
Authors: Kaguchia SM , Gitahi SM , Thoruwa CL , Birgen JK , Birgen JK
Published: September 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in Kenya with 90% of the total population relying on it as the main staple food. Post-harvest loss in maize is caused by insect pests such Sitophilus zeamais and Larger grain borer and the can sometimes be up to 90 percent. Synthetic chemicals are used to manage weevil infestation in maize. However, chemical residues have been detected on the stored maize prior to consumption. Additionally, continuous uses of synthetic chemicals have led to development of pest resistance reducing their effectiveness. This study therefore sought to evaluate a possible use of Ocimum kilimandscharicum essential oil to manage Sitophilus zeamais. The study also determined the effect of pretreating baglets with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis to enhance efficacy of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Laboratory experiments were carried out to establish insecticidal property of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Additionally, on farm experiments were carried out to establish the oil’s effectiveness and longevity. Maize grains were treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil in the first experiment and in the second treated maize grains were put in miniature synthetic bags treated with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis and stored in a granary for six months. On-farm experiment revealed that O. kilimandscharicum oil doses were effective against S. zeamais as compared with untreated maize grains. However, 10 ml per 1kg of maize grains was the best dosage. Weight loss in maize grains was proportional to the number of holed grains. Replenishment of the oil after the third month (at 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml) reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the number of holed grains as well as weight loss. Pretreatment of baglets containing maize grains with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis significantly improved protection of maize grains treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil. From the results of this study it can be concluded that plant extracts can offer a possible substitute to synthetic chemicals in post-harvest management of S. zeamais in stored maize. Use of essential oil of O. kilimandscharicum for post-harvest protection of maize grains against S. zeamais is therefore recommended.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates
Authors: Yunana B.T. , Bukar B. B , Aguiyi J. C.
Published: September 2021

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance.
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids rich fraction of Solanum incanum (Lin) root extracts in mice
Authors: Enoc Wambugu N. , Daisy Maina G.N. , Wilbroda Onyango A. , Alphonse Wanyonyi W. , Joseph Ngeranwa J.N. , Maina Mwonjoria J.K.
Published: September 2021

Solanum incanum (Solanaceae) is a common perennial shrub-like herb that grows up to 0.9-1.2 m high which is a widely used as folklore remedy for ailments such as stomach-ache, headache, painful menstruation, angina, fever, sore throat and other painful conditions, sexually transmitted diseases, skin infections, burns wounds, pneumonia and rheumatism by various African communities. Crude root extracts of the herb were shown to exhibit antinociceptive and ant-inflammatory effect. In spite of all these uses of S. incanum, there’s no enough science-based information on the effect of purified extracts of the herb on these signs and symptoms. Hence the main objective of the study was to evaluating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects flavonoids rich fraction from S. incanum root in mice. In this study 6.5, 12.5 and 25 mg of flavonoids rich fraction S. incanum roots extract, diclofenac and the normal saline (vehicle) was injected subcutaneously in Swiss Albino mice 30 minutes prior to induction of pain and inflammation. Pain and inflammation were induced using dilute formalin solution that was injected in the animal’s left hind paw. The time spent in pain behavior (lifting, leaking and biting the injured paw) was measured and recorded for the first 5 minutes and between 15-30 minutes after formalin injection. Acute edema was used as an acute inflammatory model. The paw diameter was measured prior to injection with formalin and then after two hours. Significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activities (p < 0.05) were exhibited by 6.5 and 12.5 mg doses. These findings indicated S. incanum root extracts contains flavonoids with antinociceptive and inflammation effects.
Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract safety and potential cardioprotective effects in isoprenaline treated rats
Authors: Bopda Orelien Sylvain Mtopi , Koumtouzi Nathalie Nadège Chendjou , Bilanda Danielle , Dzeufiet Désiré Paul Djomeni , Keambou Christian Tiambo , Dimo Théophile
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) aqueous extract antihypertensive property has been proven. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and potential cardioprotective effects of the extract in isoproterenol treated rat. Methods: A total of 35 adult wistar rats were randomly and evenly distributed into groups 1-7 then treated for 28days. Control groups 1-3 received 10mL/kg water (per os, neutral), 150mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO, sc, 48 and 24hours prior to sacrifice, negative) and ISO plus 10mg/kg propranolol (per os, ten days prior to sacrifice, positive). Safety test groups (4-6) received K. pinnata extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg per os). Cardioprotective test group 7 received K. pinnata (100mg/kg per os) and ISO. The sacrifice of rats was carried out on day 29 and blood collected for haematological and biochemical analyses. Liver, kidney and heart were collected weighed and preserved for histopathological analysis. Results: There was no observable sign of toxicity. No significant difference was observed between the relative weight of the heart from groups 1-7. The platelet value dropped from 794.7x10 /L (group 2) to 284x10 /L (group 7, p<0.05). An elevated value of creatine Kinase-MB (20.64U/L) was obtained in group 2, which decreased in other groups (P<0.05). In group 7, however, the extract (100mg/kg/day) reduced (P>0.05) the level of CK-MB compared to group 2. The level of triglycerides was elevated in group 2, 4 and 6 compared to group 1. Histopathological analysis of the heart showed the safety of the extract. Conclusion: We demonstrated that K. pinnata extract (100-200mg/kg/day, per os) might be cardioprotective.
Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats
Authors: Urooj Mohd , Khan Mohammad Ahmed , Thejaswini G. , Kazmi Munawwar Husain , Husain Gulam Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight.
Quality control constraint of Guizotia abyssinica Cass, source of medicinally useful edible oil seeds
Authors: Shashikala Bani , V Mallya Suma , Suchitra Prabhu
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Guizotia abyssinica Cass. branched herb with erect, stout stem, commonly known as Ramtil or Niger seed. Seeds are the rich source of oil with high nutritional index. Traditionally the seed powder is used as remedy for cough, oil in cases of rheumatism. Apart from this the seeds are also used for different dishes like chutney, condiments etc. Hence a study has been designed to document pharmacognostic, physicochemical & phytochemical data on above drug. Materials and Methods: Matured seeds were collected, authenticated and used for the study. Macro-microscopy, physicochemical, phytochemical standards and HPTLC marked using proper protocol. Results: Seeds are achene, obovoid and narrowly long like a needle, black with white to yellow scars on the top. Microscopic study shown the presence of epidermis and endodermis filled with alluerone grains and oil globules. Physico-chemical standards mark the purity of the drug. Alkaloid, Steroid, Carbohydrate, Terpenoid & Coumarins were detected as secondary metabolites. HPTLC revealed prominent spots with Rf values 0.54, 0.58, & 0.70 under short UV and 0.45& 0.82 under long UV. Conclusion: Pharmacognostic values depicted in this paper are a measure of its quality standards.
Study of Diet and Regimen in the Pathogenesis of Hridroga (Heart Diseases) in Ayurveda
Authors: Tripti Das , Kumar Chakraborty Swapan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Hridroga is the disease of marma (vital organ), which is the seat of many vital activities. Hridroga is among those diseases mentioned in ayurveda where in the descriptions is quite brief and ayurvedic viewpoint needs clarification. Keeping in view of the increasing evidence of cardiac disorders in the present times, the study was conducted with following objective: To know role of diet and regimen in pathogenesis of hridroga. Methods:224 patients from Indoor Patient Department and Out Patient Department of roga nidan dept, govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati; on the basis of inclusion criteria were randomly selected for the study. Inclusion criteria: 1. Patient showing atleast 4 samanya lakshanas of hridroga were included under the study, irrespective of their age or gender. Assessment criteria: 1. Patients having hridroga, were first diagnosed on the basis of samanya lakshana of hridroga and registered. 2. The full details of screening, history of physical examination of patients were recorded in specially designed format to study diet and regimen in pathogenesis of their disease and to categorise it under different types of Hridroga according to Ayurveda classics. Results: The study showed a range of 46.14 ± 17.2 (mean ± SD) years old patients’ inclusion. The study showed that the 40 – 60 years of age group (40.2%) comprises of highest number of patients. The study showed majority of hridroga are vataja hridroga (29.9%). Virruddhasan, adhyasan and visamasan, each of these dietary habits were seen in more than 50% of the patients. Excessive consumption of Fish was seen in 89.7% cases of krimija hridroga, 100% cases of kaphaja hridroga and 93% pittaja hridroga. Conclusion: From the study following conclusions are drawn: 1. most prevelant hridroga is vataja hridroga. 2. Hridroga is a disease predominant in productive age of life; i.e. 20-60 years of age. 3. Major dietary faults causing hriroga are: Consumption of junk food, calorie rich dense food, meat, fish etc. very often, Excessive indulgence in gutkha, panmasala, alcohol etc. and Taking food in larger quantities, in wrong timing and in wrong combination.
Potential antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants – A short review
Authors: Rajendran A. , Sudeshraj R. , Sureshkumar S.
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a dreadful disease caused by the increase in hepatic glucose production and impaired insulin action. The usage of herbal based medicine has been increasing tremendously in both developing and developed countries over the last three decades. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive review of antidiabetic activity of following medicinal plants like Gymnema sylvestris, Rubia cardifolia, Bilberry, Green Tea, Salacia reticulate, Berberis aristata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Fenugreek, Ashwagandha, Bitter melon. The efficiency of these medicinal plants may regulate the diabetic metabolic abnormalities. This work would help researchers to choose potential herbal for diabetic treatment.
Teratogenic potential of Urtica massaica (Mildbr.) and Croton megalocarpus (Hutch) in mice
Authors: Yvonne Wabai W. , Maina Mwonjoria J.K. , Mwaniki Njagi E.
Published: September 2021

Urtica massaica (Urticaceae) and Croton megalocarpus are used either as vegetables or as food additives and as medicine in traditional African societies. However, in spite of the widespread consumption of these plants as folklore remedies and for diet, there is a scarcity of scientific data on their teratogenicity. Hence this study sought to assess the teratogenic effects of these plant extracts in an animal model. The study was conducted using Swiss albino mice. The extracts of these plants were administered orally in mice which were then euthanized. The weights of the gravid uterus and pups, as well as the number of pups, were determined. The pups were examined for gross malformations. The data set was analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey as the post-Anova test. P < 0.05 was the limit of significance. U. massaica and C. megalocarpus caused 40% and 20% fetal partial resorption respectively. The latter also caused microcephaly and polyhydramnios. Hence, U. massaica leaves and C. megalocarpus stem extracts exhibited teratogenic activity and should be used with care during pregnancy.
Effect of methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the sexual behavior of senescent and sexually inexperienced rats
Authors: Njila Marie Ide Ngaha , Meng Goh Yong , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Awad Elmutaz Atta , Baiee Falah Hasan , Kenmogne Hubert , Koloko Brice Landry , Hambe Magloire , Mandenguè Samuel Honoré , Lembè Dieudonné Massoma
Published: September 2021

Alchornea cordifolia, a shrub found in tropical Africa, is used to treat several physiological disorders, including male infertility and impotency. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the sexual behavior of senescent and sexually inexperienced rats. In order to evaluate aphrodisiac properties and reproductive performance, rats were divided into groups: group I receiving distilled water, group II receiving testosterone, group III receiving sildenafil citrate, group IV and V receiving the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves at 200 mg / kg and 400 mg / kg, respectively. The treatment was done by gavage for groups I, III, IV and V and subcutaneous injection of testosterone every three days for group II for 14 days. On days 1, 7 and 14, the rats were mated to the receptive females. At the end of this last treatment, the rats were mated with gonad-intact females. 14 days after of treatment, the extract leads to an increase in libido and sexual performance parameters (mounts, intromissions and ejaculations frequency) and an increase in sexual desire (decrease of mount and intromission latency). The extract also prolonged the duration of coitus by increasing the ejaculation latency and the average interval of copulation. An increase in the percentage of female’s rats impregnated as well as the numbers of implantations were recorded in females’ rats mated with the males treated with our extract. These results reveal the potential of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves to improve male reproductive performance justifying its use in traditional medicine.
Phytochemical analysis of Leucaena leucocephala on various extracts
Authors: Deivasigamani Revathi
Published: September 2021

The plants play a vital role in human life. Every plant has some disease curative properties in it. Even the fodder plants have medicinal properties. In the similar way the present research was carried out to study phytochemicals present in the leaves of fodder plant Leucaena leucocephala. The result showed that presence of valuable secondary metabolites like flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannin and terpenoids on various extracts of leaves.
Clinicopathological and metastasis status of follicular thyroid cancer
Authors:   Oncology Department, Hanoi Medical University, Nguyen Xuan Hau ,   Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh ,   Oncology Department, Hanoi Medical University, Le Van Quang ,   Oncology Department, Hanoi Medical University,   Head and Neck Department, National Cancer Hospital
Published: September 2021

This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and metastasis status of follicular thyroid cancer at K Hospital. We conducted a retrospective combined with prospective cohort study of 48 follicular thyroid carcinoma patients treated by surgery at K hospital from January 2016 to July 2020. The mean age was 44±16.1 and the female/male ratio was 4.3/1. Most patients presented with an asymptomatic and had a unilateral tumor with mean diameter was 21.7±12 mm. 72.9% of tumors were classified as TIRADS 4 on ultrasound, and FNA did not play a big role in the diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma with undetermined significance result in 48.9% of cases. Distant metastasis in 18.8%, the most common metastatic sites were bone, followed by the lungs. The overall rate of nodal metastasis was 31.3%. Cancer in both thyroid lobes had significantly associated with nodal metastasis (p<0.05)
Screening nucleotide and nucleoside analogues as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by the molecular docking method for the treatment of COVID-19
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Ta Thi Thu Hang , Nguyen Bao Kim ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Le Dang Huy ,   Hanoi Pharmaceutical Univercity, Bui Thanh Tung ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic triggering acute respiratory syndrome is a major global health concern. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme regulating viral replication has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of the infection of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we evaluated the ability of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase drug inhibitors by using molecular docking in silico model. Lipinski’s rule of Five was used to evaluate drug - like properties of potential compound. Pharmacokinetic parameters of potential compounds were assessed using the pkCSM tool. Based on previous publications, we have collected 100 compounds. The results exhibited that 18 compounds have RdRp inhibitory activity stronger than the remdesivir as reference compounds. The Lipinski’s rule of Five showed that 17 among 18 compounds had proprietary drug-likenesss. Compounds including novuridine, didanosine, sofosbuvir, puromycin, defibrotite, gemcitabine, and nikkomycins are the most negative energies and have pharmacokinetic good absorption, not metabolised in the liver, excreted by the kidney and may have hepatotoxicity properties. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the in vitro and in vivo assays to developthese compounds into drugs for COVID-19 treatment
Study of antibacterial activity of Streptomyces sp. SS473 isolated from plants against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli
Authors:   Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Nguyen Trung Hieu , Nguyen Phuoc Dat ,   Nguyen Tat Thanh University,   Center for Research and Application in Bioscience, Ho Chi Minh city, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen ,   Center for Research and Application in Bioscience, Ho Chi Minh city, Tran Le Truc Ha ,   Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Quan Quoc Dang ,   Agency for Southern Affairs of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nguyen Hoang Chuong ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city
Published: September 2021

The broad spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli(ESBL) is a dangerous bacterial pathogen in humans due to its resistance to many antibiotics. This is especially serious in the context of a limited number of new antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. This leads to a global public health threat and places an urgent need for new antibiotics. In this study, the authors investigated the antibacterial properties of an actinomyces strain isolated from the plant Clinacanthus nutans against the ESBL-producing E. coli strains. These actinomyces strains were designated as SS473. Moreover, SS473 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity on several clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria. Culture media have different effects on the antibacterial activity of SS473. In stability tests, the antibacterial activity of strain SS473 remained at a temperature up to 80oC but was lost at pH 3 and 13. By contrast, the antibacterial activity was not affected by UV and protease treatments. Based on the results of morphological identification with specific media for Streptomyces and molecular identification on 16S rRNA gene, strain SS473 was suggested to belong to the Streptomyces genus and was named Streptomycessp. SS473. The results in this study will pave the way for the following research on the identification of secondary metabolites having antibacterial activity and their biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces sp. SS473 in the future
Evaluating the diagnostic value of serum Des-γ carboxy prothrombin in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors:   Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh city, Nguyen Dang Quan , Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao ,   Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh city, Pham Nguyen Thanh Thuy ,   Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh city, Le Thi Thuy Hang ,   Center for Research and Application on Bioscience, Tran Cong Duy Long ,   University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh city, Dinh Minh Hiep ,   Management Board of Agricultural Hi-tech Park of Ho Chi Minh city
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is amongst the most common cancers in the world and Vietnam. Most HCC patients are diagnosed late, so the effect of treatment is limited. Hence, early diagnosis for high-risk populations using medical imaging and serum markers is very important to control HCC. Recently, α-fetoprotein (AFP) has been popularly used as a serum marker for screening of HCC. Unfortunately, AFP is not trustworthy enough for HCC diagnosis, especially early HCC. Therefore, this study was deployed to estimate the ability of serum Des-γ carboxy prothrombin (DCP) applied in the diagnosis of HCC. DCP and AFP concentration in serum of 50 early HCC patients (stage A), 50 late HCC patients (stage B and C), 50 HBV/HCV-infected patients, and 50 healthy persons were identified. ROC curve analysis manifested that with the cut-off value at 11.93 ng/ml, DCP allowed identifying HCC cases with the sensitivity and specificity of 50 and 94%, respectively. With early HCC, the sensitivity of DCP decreased to 34%, while the specificity was unchanged. In the case of AFP, results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of this marker for HCC were 39 and 95%, with the cut-off value at 952.1 ng/ml. For early HCC, it was impossible to use AFP for diagnosis. The combination of DCP and AFP serum markers in the detection of HCC did not improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis compared to that of DCP alone. The study demonstrated that serum biomarker DCP can be used instead of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC, which improves the diagnostic sensitivity
Enhancement of drug delivery across the skin barrier using iontophoresis technique: pros, cons, and novel findings from representative studies
Authors:   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Nguyen Thi Hong Duc , Vo Quoc Anh ,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy
Published: September 2021

Iontophoresis has been utilised to deliver medications in physical therapy for a long time, but its applications in treating diseases are still limited. This stemmed partly from its complicated and unsafe instrumentation as well as insufficient scientific evidence. Over the past decade, however, the design and safety aspects of iontophoresis devices have been dramatically improved. More importantly, various optimistic results were revealed from many scientific studies, especially its potential to actively transport large molecules and nanoparticles across the skin barrier that attracts great attention from both academia and industry. This paper aimed to review the advantages and disadvantages of the technique and representative transdermal enhancement studies using iontophoresis.
Characterisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Northern
Authors:   Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Nguyen Vu Phong , Vu Trung Nguyen ,   Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Tran Kien ,   Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Ha Thi Truc Mai ,   Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city
Published: September 2021

Mycorrhiza was considered to enhance plant growth, especially in unfavourable environmental conditions. From 60 samples of rhizospheric soils and roots of black pepper (Piper nigrum) grown in Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Dong Nai, and Gia Lai provinces, the presence of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomite, Glomus,and Scutellospora genera were detected, of which Glomus and Acaulospora were dominants. After 40 days of inoculation, mycorrhiza multiplied 8.5 fold on corn (Zea mays) and 6.5 fold on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or goosegrass (Eleusine indica). Black-pepper cuttings on substrate supplemented mycorrhiza showed better growth than the non-inoculated cuttings. Results suggest the potential of applying mycorrhizal fungi as biological agents in sustainable black pepper cultivation, adapting to climate change
Molecular methods for detection of viral diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors:   Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, South Korea, Vu Tuan Nam ,   Institute of Genome Research, VAST, Vietnam, Chu Duc Ha ,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Le Tien Dung ,   Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam
Published: September 2021

The viral disease is one of the biggest challenges in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. Although disease management is highlighted and seriously controlled in whole production areas, there are still many difficulties due to the lack of understanding of the symptoms, pathogens, and detection methods to control the viral disease at early stages. In this review, the authors summarised some major viral diseases in tomato plants with a brief of virus characteristics and their specific symptoms. Then the authors discussed the application of the molecular techniques, with a focus on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), for the detection of tomato viral diseases in the early stages of infection, thereby providing a solid foundation for further improvement of virus-free tomato production
Structural changes in clays subjected to heat treatment: an analysis by structural refinement using the Rietveld method
Authors: Quiroga Agurto Mauro , Zeballos Velásquez Elvira Leticia , Reyes Navarro Felipe Americo
Published: September 2021

Structural factors in clays influence their physical properties. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the effects of heat treatment on the structure of the material during the ceramic process. In this work, we have analyzed clays from quarries in the Cerro de Pasco region, Peru, to evaluate their characteristics and the structural changes produced by heating, particularly in the interlaminar region. The samples were thermally treated between 150 oC and 800 oC with intervals of 50 oC. To evaluate the structural changes produced by temperature, X-ray diffraction were carried out before and after each heat treatment. The qualitative analysis of the measurements allowed to identify the mineralogical composition of the samples, finding phases of calcium montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and quartz. The quantitative analysis by the Rietveld method found structural changes, particularly in the Ca-montmorillonite expansive clay. It was also possible to determine the decrease in the weight percentage of the kaolinite until the collapse of its structure between 450 °C and 500 °C. The illite presented greater thermal stability, with slight variations in its weight percentage during heat treatment, without compromising its structure. Although the quartz phase did not show relevant structure changes, it slightly increased its weight percentage with increasing temperature.
Profil évolutif clinique des patients adultes infectés à SARS-CoV-2 et hospitalisés à partir du service des urgences de Strasbourg
Authors: Santiago T. , Oberlin M. , Contenti J. , Bilbault P. , Levraut J.
Published: September 2021

Introduction : La prise en charge de l’épidémie de Covid-19 dans un service d’urgences (SU) requiert une évaluation de ses critères de gravité. La Covid-19 est évolutive et l’aggravation respiratoire détermine le pronostic. Notre objectif était de rechercher les facteurs prédictifs de gravité en fonction du délai d’initiation d’une oxygénothérapie dans une population française atteinte de Covid-19 au sein d’un SU.

Matériels et méthode : L’étude observationnelle rétrospective aux Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, durant la première vague de la pandémie, incluait les patients hospitalisés depuis le SU en 2020 pour infection au SARS-CoV-2. Elle évaluait les délais entre le début des symptômes (J0) et l’initiation d’une oxygénothérapie, et entre J0 et l’apparition des complications hospitalières. L’analyse multivariée recherchait les facteurs associés à l’oxygénothérapie précoce et à la mortalité intra-hospitalière.

Résultats : 699 patients ont été inclus. L’oxygénothérapie était initiée le 7 ± 4e jour, la ventilation mécanique le 9 ± 4e jour. L’initiation précoce d’oxygénothérapie (avant le 6e jour) était significativement et indépendamment associée à l’immunosuppression, à l’âge ≥ 75 ans, à l’hypertension artérielle, et au sexe féminin. La mortalité intra-hospitalière était significativement et indépendamment associée à un âge ≥ 75 ans, une immunosuppression, une cardiopathie ischémique, et une oxygénothérapie précoce.

Conclusion : Parmi les patients hospitalisés pour la Covid-19 durant la première vague, le jour moyen d’initiation d’oxygénothérapie était le septie jour. Une oxygénothérapie précoce, un âge ≥ 75 ans, une immunosuppression et une cardiopathie ischémique étaient associés à une forme grave de la Covid-19.
Évaluation de l’épuisement professionnel chez les internes et jeunes médecins urgentistes
Authors: Gerrer P.A , Delignette M.C. , Deberdt E. , Ray P.
Published: September 2021

Objectifs : Environnements stimulants mais stressants et exigeants, les structures d’urgences exposent les professionnels de santé à un risque accru de syndrome d’épuisement professionnel (SEP). Notre étude avait pour but d’évaluer la prévalence du SEP chez les internes et jeunes médecins urgentistes de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

Méthodes : Étude épidémiologique descriptive, prospective, multicentrique réalisée de juin à août 2020. Les internes de médecine d’urgence (DES MU 1, 2, 3) et médecins urgentistes (senior diplômé du DESC MU ≤ 3 ans) dépendant des universités de Besançon et de Dijon ont répondu à un questionnaire comprenant des outils d’évaluation du SEP, de l’anxiété et de la dépression.

Résultats : Le taux de réponse a été de 70 % (respectivement de 62 % pour Besançon et de 77 % pour Dijon). Quatrevingt-un praticiens (âge moyen de 29 ans) ont répondu, 41 internes de DES MU et 40 médecins urgentistes. Quarante-trois d’entre eux (53 %) présentaient des critères de SEP, 31 (38 %) des marqueurs d’anxiété et cinq des critères de dépression. On relevait un taux plus important de critères de SEP chez les jeunes seniors versus les internes (16 vs 27, p = 0,02). Il n’y avait pas de différence selon l’âge, le lieu d’exercice ou l’absence de congés récents. Il existait une faible concordance entre les marqueurs de SEP et les marqueurs d’anxiété ou de dépression.

Conclusion : La majorité des jeunes praticiens urgentistes interrogés présente des critères de SEP. Cette problématique doit être prise en compte afin d’améliorer la qualité de vie au travail.
Experiences of Students Regarding Online Education during COVID-19 Pandemic in Baluchistan
Authors: Hussain Erum , Noor Saman , Arshad Sahar
Published: September 2021

The study explored the experiences of the students regarding the online education programs during COVID-19. The aim of the study was to explore the experience of online education among university students in the pandemic of COVID-19. This study was qualitative in nature. The Population was Quetta, Baluchistan Universities; sampling was purposive in nature with 20 samples of male university students. Data was collected through an interview guide and was analyzed through thematic analysis. The main findings were that students experienced difficulties in learning, use of modern technology, internet issues, interaction with teachers and uploading assignments. The recommendations were put forward to the policymakers that the higher education commission should make a proper strategy for the students during online class regarding technological tools, online database, and proper outlay of the graphics.