bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectopic cilia as a risk factor for corneal ulcers in dogs. Features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Saroyan Sergey V. , Goncharova Anna V. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a generalized experience of diagnosis and treatment of dogs with ectopic eyelashes and corneal ulcers caused by them. Ectopic eyelashes are ophthalmopathy, which is most common in dogs and is characterized by the germination of pathological eyelashes or eyelashes through the tarsal plate and conjunctiva of the upper eyelid from hair follicles, and have a damaging traumatic effect on the cornea, causing erosion and then corneal ulcer. The pathology is congenital and has an autosomal dominant type of inheritance. There is also a pedigree predisposition to this disease. The following breeds are most susceptible: Brussels Griffin, Brabanson, Retriever, Pekingese, Shih Tzu, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, boxer, English Bulldog, English Cocker Spaniel, Poodle, Jack Russell Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier. The main problem of the appearance of ectopic eyelashes is the occurrence of erosions and corneal ulcers in the projection of eyelash growth. Which is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome, which manifests itself in the form of photophobia, blepharospasm, lacrimation and / or suppuration, corneal edema and the desire of the animal to constantly scratch the eye. In this work, a study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of this pathology (this is a breed predisposition and genetic inheritance), diagnosis and effectiveness of surgical treatment of this pathology on 50 dogs. The authors describe the clinical picture, the technique of the operation, and the results of dynamic observation of animals. According to the results of clinical observations, it was found that there is a characteristic breed predisposition and genetic inheritance of ophthalmopathy. This factor must be taken into account during the clinical examination of the animal. Also, when ectopic eyelashes appear, a fairly characteristic clinical picture of the disease is observed. The surgical method of V-plastic surgery is proposed for treatment. No relapses were recorded in any of the 50 cases examined, while the morphofunctional characteristics of the cornea were preserved. Drug maintenance therapy, including a regenerative drug, showed good results in the postoperative period. The use of a regenerative drug accelerated the healing process, allowed to preserve the transparency of the cornea and its curvature.
The viruses in the population of honey bees Apis mellifera, L. in the summer and autumn periods
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Korolev lexander V. , Nesterchuk Sergey L. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Kokareva Zarema G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2023

The article presents data on the circulation of seven types of viruses in the population of honey bees in the summer (July) and autumn (September) periods in the apiary of the Central Federal District of Russia. It has been established that the sac brood virus SBV is the most common in the studied population of bees – in the summer it can be detected in 100 % of bee colonies. It is shown that in bee colonies in the autumn period the percentage of colonies in which it is possible to detect at least one of the viruses decreases by an average of 2,5 times, the sac brood virus is most susceptible to seasonal decline – 3,5 times. Wide spread of mixed infections in bee colonies has been confirmed.
Cartographic analysis of the spatial spread of anthrax in Tajikistan
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Navruzshoeva Gulnora Sh. , Devrishov Davud A. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Zhbanova Svetlana Yu. ,   Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences – IVM TAAS, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: June 2023

Knowledge of the dynamics of the spread and the breadth of coverage of the territorial proximity of a particularly dangerous anthrax infection to certain regions form the right direction and organization of comprehensive anti-epizootic measures that allow the country to limit the spread of the nosounit or minimize it. Cartographic modeling of the spatial distribution of the potential nosoareal of anthrax is very relevant, which makes it possible to predict and determine the degree of risk of epizootics in the future. Regions with a higher probability of occurrence of epizootic foci, the level of potential threat and the geographical location of anthrax outbreaks observed in some regions of Tajikistan, closely related to climatic, demographic and agroeconomical factors, have been identified. A model of the epizootic process has been created, an integral element of which is epizootic zoning, differentiation depending on the intensity of the spread of the disease and the spatial structure of epizootic foci in Tajikistan 2000–2019.
Preliminary investigation on tensile and fatigue properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured by selected laser melting
Authors: Lu Zhen , San Sandra Leong Lai , Tan Ming Jen , An Jia , Zhang Yi , Chua Chee Kai
Published: June 2023

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a promising additive manufacturing method that falls under the category of powder bed fusion (PBF) technology. It has many advantages such as material versatility, efficiency, and the ability to print complex parts without additional machining. However, its surface quality and fatigue properties have been found to be inferior to traditional manufacturing methods. Process-related defects such as pores, incomplete fusion, and un-melted powders give rise to areas of stress concentrations, which lead to mechanical inferiority such as poor fatigue strength. This study aims to investigate and optimize the printing process parameters for Ti6Al4V fabricated by SLM to reduce process-related defects and to investigate their relative density, tensile, and fatigue properties. Ti6Al4V specimens were printed in both 30- and 130-μm layer thicknesses using SLM280 and subjected to tensile and fatigue testing according to ASTM standards. The relative density of Ti6Al4V samples built by 30-µm layer thickness is 99.97 ± 0.02 % (n = 8). The relative density of Ti6Al4V samples built by 130-µm layer thickness is 99.96 ± 0.02 % (n = 8). The average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of specimens with 30-μm layer thickness is 1152.8 ± 23.8 MPa (n = 4). The average UTS of specimens with 130-μm layer thickness is 1075.5 ± 46.8 MPa (n = 4). S/N curve of the fatigue performance of Ti6Al4V samples printed by 30-μm layer thickness was also obtained. Possible factors impacting the tensile property of SLM-produced parts, such as layer thickness, build orientation, and post-process, are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, crack propagation and surface quality were observed using optical microscopes, laser scanning microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes. The findings of this study will contribute to the improvement of SLM-printed Ti6Al4V parts, which can be potentially applied in the aerospace industry, where fatigue strength is critical to ensuring safety.
Considerations about highly crystalline cellulose microfiber additive from Eucalyptus grandis for 3D-printing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament
Authors: Sanchez Miguel , G. Nobre Augusto , Martinez Jose A. E. , Campanaro João F. , Vargas Vitor M. L.
Published: June 2023

The current work aimed to produce acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament with cellulose microfibers additive for three-dimensional (3D)-printing and perform initial mechanical characterizations. 3D printing is a Fourth Industrial Revolution enabling technology aimed at smart production process. Cellulose is an organic molecule extremely common in nature with potential application as materials reinforcement. Highly crystalline cellulose microfibers were extracted from certified Eucalyptus grandis wood. E. grandis is a species native to Australia, but widely used in reforestation initiatives on a global scale. Cellulose microfiber was inserted at 0.5% in weight into commercial ABS to produce filaments for 3D printing. After the production of pure ABS and ABS with microcellulose filaments, specimens were printed using fused deposition modeling for traction, flexion, and impact tests, in addition to measuring the melt flow index. The results between the two materials were compared, revealing that most of the mechanical properties were similar within the limits of experimental errors, but the strain at break in the traction test was improved in microfibers composite, in addition to an improvement in the elastic modulus and stress at break in flexion test. On melt flow index measurement, both materials were found to be considerably more fluid than the polymer from commercial producer sources. This is an indication that the ABS degraded throughout the process, losing molar mass. However, our work demonstrated that it is possible to add highly crystalline cellulose microfibers to ABS to form filaments for 3D printing.
NATRİUM SİLİKATLA ÖRTÜLMÜŞ DƏMİR OVUNTUSUNDAN MAQNİT YUMŞAQ KOMPOZİSİYA MATERİALLARININ SIXLIĞINA TEXNOLOJİ PROSESLƏRİN TƏSİRİ
Authors: Tahir Cabbarov, Günay Quliyeva Tahir Cabbarov, Günay Quliyeva
Published: June 2023

Natrium silikatla örtülmüş, dəmir ovuntusundan maqnit yumşaq kompozisiya materiallarının sıxlığına və strukturuna presləmə təzyiqinin təsiri məsələlərinə baxılmışdır. 20-60 nm intervalında qalınlıqda natrium silikatla örtülmüş dəmir ovuntularının sıxlaşmasının fərqli xüsusiyyətləri təyin edilmişdir. Bunların presləmədə struktur deformasiya halının olması müəyyən edilmişdir. Plastifikatorlardan istifadə etmədən briketlərin sıxlığının artırılması və ovuntu zərrəciklərindən ibarət metalın kristal struktur qüsurlarının sıxlığının azaldılması mümkün olmuşdur.
Maqnit-yumşaq kompozisiya materiallarına (MYKM) marağın artması sayəsində bütün dünyada maqnit xarakteristikalarının yaxşılaşdırılması, həmçinin bu matetiallardan istifadə imkanlarının genişləndirilməsi üzrə işlər aparılır. Bu məqsədlərə nail olmaq üçün davamlı olaraq yeni ovuntular aşkarlanır və MYKM istehsal texnologiyaları işlənib hazırlanır. Yerli və xarici tədqiqatların nəşrlərinin təhlili göstərmişdir ki, əsas diqqət MYKM-nın fiziki-mexaniki xüsusiyyətlərində texnoloji rejimlərin və dielektirik örtüklərin öyrənilməsinə yönəldilir. MYKM-ların maqnit mexaniki və texnoloji xassələrinin, dielektrik silikat tərkibli örtüklərlə örtülmüş dəmir ovuntularının öyrənilməsinə həsr olunmuş işlər fikri əhəmiyyət kəsb edir.
Yerli və xarici tədqiqatların nəşrlərinin təhlili göstərmişdir ki, əsas diqqət MKM fiziki-mexaniki xüsusiyyətlərində texnoloji rejimlərin və dielektrik örtüklərin öyrənilməsinə yönəldilir. MKM-ların maqnit, mexaniki və texnoloji xassələrinin, dielektrik silikat tərkibli örtüklərlə örtülmüş dəmir ovuntularının öyrənilməsinə həsr olunmuş işlər praktiki olaraq mövcud deyil.
Açar sözlər: Kompozisiya, maqnit yumşaq, dielektrik, presləmə, möhkəmlik, maqnit nifuzluğu
Pengaruh Emotional Marketing dan Perceived Ease of Use terhadap Donation Intention melalui Digital Payment
Authors: Nurjannah Siti , Hendrawan Suryana
Published: June 2023

LAZISMU is one of the zakat institutions that manages donations from all over Indonesia and implements donations through digital payments. This study aims to examine how Emotional marketing and Perceived ease of use affect Donation intention through Digital payment at LAZISMU. This study uses a quantitative method with data collection using the Likert scale method and primary data from respondents collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents via google form. The population of this study are donors who intend to make donations at LAZISMU Yogyakarta area through digital payment. Using purposive sampling method, this study used 100 donors as a sample of respondents. Data analysis techniques through the IBM SPSS statistical 26 programme using the Coefficient of Determination test, multiple regression test and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that first, Emotional marketing has a positive and significant effect on donation intention with a coefficient value of 0.115 and a significance of 0.010 which is smaller than 0.05. Second, Perceived ease of use is proven to have an effect on donation intention at LAZISMU, as evidenced by the coefficient value of 0.565 and a significance of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 and this study emotional marketing and Perceived ease of use, are able to explain 49.7% of the influence on the dependent variable, namely donation intention. So from the results of multiple regression tests and hypothesis testing it can be seen that the results of this study indicate that emotional marketing and Perceived ease of use have a significant effect on donation intention.
E-commerce Price Comparison Website using Web Scraping
Authors: - Arman Shaikh , - Raihan Khan , - Komal Panokher , - Mritunjay Kr. Ranjan , - Vaibhav Sonaje
Published: June 2023

Price comparison sites are designed to compare the price of goods and services from a range of providers, which will help consumers in making decision to choose products that will save their money through online. Considering the customers’ busy lifestyle especially those who are living in the city area, most of the consumers prefer to buy their needs through the internet because it saves their time. Besides, consumers always go for the cheaper price in purchasing products therefore by using price comparison website, customers do not have to travel from shop to shop only to survey the price offered by different shops for the same product. They can just check it from the price comparison website itself and decide where they should buy the products they need. This project, named as Price comparison website using web scrapping is the place where shoppers could find the great deals on the products. The best deals will be clearly highlighted. To obtain best deals from Price comparison websites web scrapping techniques are used to fetch detailed information. This way, paper aims to provide solution for online customers to buy products at good deal and save their valuable time, effort, and money.
Prediction of Economic Crisis Period with Logistic Regression Analysis Based on the Trading Volume of Companies in the Stock Exchange Istanbul
Authors: IŞIĞIÇOK Erkan , TARKUN Savaş
Published: June 2023

The prediction of an economic crisis is the most critical area of study for all actors related to the economy. Crises, a sign of uncertainty, do not have a specific timeline, but they can be predicted by analyzing particular indications. Studies on predicting the crisis are commonly related to macroeconomic variables. This study addresses an alternative approach to predicting crisis periods, which involves analyzing changes in the trading volumes of companies listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) instead of relying solely on macroeconomic variables. The study aims to examine the transaction volume data from 169 firms that regularly traded in BIST between 2000 and 2018. The predictability of economic crises in Türkiye has been investigated by applying binary logistic regression analysis, a methodology commonly employed in the literature as a signal approach for detecting economic crises. Some statistically significant parameters were discovered positive, and some were found negative in estimated logistic regression models, and the companies to which the statistically insignificant parameters belonged were evaluated as companies that did not give a signal for the economic crisis model. The findings suggest that changes in the trading volume of many companies, not just a few ones, can be a valuable predictor of crises.
Independence of Regulatory Authority: Türkiye’s Radio and Television Supreme Council
Authors: AKDURAN EROL Özgün , YİĞİT Yunus
Published: June 2023

Independent regulatory authorities are expected to act as apolitical agents to prevent market failures in the sector they regulate. However, according to political signal theory, regulatory authorities cannot escape the interventions and control of the political power. In addition, according to capture theory, regulation is designed and operated for the benefit of dominant capital groups in the sector. This article applies both theories to the case of Türkiye’s radio and TV sector. Based on our analysis we claim that the Turkish Radio and Television Supreme Council is a unique case of a supposedly independent authority being captured by both the political power and dominant capitalist groups in the sector, which are intertwined with this power, by limiting its administrative and financial autonomy. Our findings show that the close relations between capital groups and important political figures, which have been clear since the the sector was first liberalized, have helped these groups gain a privileged position in Türkiye’s media sector. As a result, the main instrument that changed the media ownership structure was the interventions of the political power in line with the propositions of the "political signaling" theory.
ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF USING ZOOM: A SURVEY OF CAMBODIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Sey Kassy , Em Sereyrath
Published: June 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Cambodian schools and universities have been forced to move their educational activities from face-to-face to online modes. Those universities and schools have been using some online applications like Zoom as their teaching and learning delivery platform. Consequently, there have been challenges to the use of the app. The current study employed a quantitative design, and it was conducted at a Cambodian university with a total of 50 students. The study aimed to investigate those students' attitudes and perceptions toward using the Zoom platform for their online learning. The results showed that the students had negative attitudes toward the use of Zoom as well as low perceptions of using Zoom during the pandemic. Future studies should be conducted with a bigger sample size at other universities across the country. A qualitative study or a mixed-methods design is also recommended. Teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of using Zoom for teaching might also be welcome.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN IMPROVING STAFF PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA
Authors: Sek Rotana
Published: June 2023

Principals from the primary levels upward are failing to share leadership understanding, skills, and attitudes with staff, and many school principals are facing significant issues with leading their schools. Principals need to have knowledge of leadership and know how to improve their staff performance. The research established the correlation between transformational leadership and staff performance at private primary schools in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This research used the Pearson correlation coefficient and a quantitative approach in SPSS version 25 with 100 respondents from private primary schools. As a result, this study answered the research hypotheses that there were statistically significant positive correlations between transformational leadership and staff performance (r = 0.44, p = 0.01). The findings are carefully examined and significant, and the results proved that the research is fruitful and achievable in improving staff performance in Cambodia. For future studies, researchers should apply different leadership styles to improve principals’ leadership in Cambodia.
STRATEGY FOR INCREASING THE LEARNING QUR'AN HADITS QUALITY FOR THE STUDENTS’ RELIGIOUS CHARACTER
Authors: Kurniawan Didik , Jaenullah Jaenullah , Jannah Siti Roudhotul , Setiawan Dedi , Mispani Mispani
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation of quality improvement strategies and the formation of students' religious character through learning Al-Qur’an Hadits. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that explores the quality of learning the Al-Qur’an Hadits and implementing religious character at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 East Lampung: data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using the inductive method according to Miles & Huberman, namely by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. The data analysis results show that the quality improvement strategy in learning Al-Qur’an Hadits at MAN 1 East Lampung consists of a planning process with work meetings determining the curriculum while making RPP and syllabus. The organizing process is described by dividing teaching tasks, compiling learning schedules, and carrying out coordination. The learning process applies a learning system with an introductory session and implementation of core learning. In comparison, the evaluation process is divided into a written assessment using numbers and included in the school report card, as well as an oral assessment carried out accidentally by the policies of each teacher. Forming the students’ religious character through learning the Al-Qur’an Hadits becomes a quality standard that refers to the goals of national education in general, namely to create a capable and noble generation.
Language Shift: In Gayo Society
Authors: Batubara Muhammad Hasyimsyah , Shafira Putri
Published: June 2023

Language is an activity a group of community members uses to work together as a sound symbol system. Language is also a tool for communicating and identifying oneself. Gayo language is the mother tongue in Central Aceh, one of the languages in Indonesia, where this language must be maintained, and its resilience must be preserved. This research was conducted to see the language shift in the Gayo language among the people who live in Takengon. Research method with descriptive qualitative, interview, and observation approaches. The data analysis techniques we use are data collection, presentation, and conclusion. The conclusion obtained is that for now, there should be no worry about the shift in the Gayo language, but many Gayo language users among young people now speak more Indonesian, even though their families are initially from Gayo, so the less use of Gayo language among them. Because of this, it is feared that a shift in language will occur in an alarming direction in the future.
Language Maintenance and Shift in Diraytata
Authors: Melaku Zelalem , Semu Sintayehu
Published: June 2023

Language maintenance and shift are common words that show once language whether transfer from one generation to the other by keeping the cultural aspects of the native speakers or losing the content and form of the language. Therefore, the existence of language indeed cannot be separated from our day-to-day life. However, the interaction between one person and another can deliver different messages smoothly in their mother tongue language. This study was focused on language maintenance and shift in Ethiopia in the case of the Diraytata language. The researchers collected sufficient data by using interviews, questionary and group discussions. After collecting data concerning language maintenance and shift in Diraytata and interpreting by the qualitative method. Regarding sampling technique, purposeful sampling was implemented. Finally, the finding shows that in the Diraytata language, speakers constantly use their mother tongue for day-to-day communication, church bible learning, and teaching. In primary school, 1-4 class is given as one subject, local elders used for negotiation, in social life like equb, idir, mahiber and cultural beverage setting like cheqa and tella. All listed above positively impact language maintenance activities performed by Diraytata speakers. In addition, individuals, families, government, and private sectors collaborated for the language maintenance of Diraytata for the next generation. On the other hand, key informants described that marriage out of Derashe ethnic groups might lead to a language shift. It is because of Brive price for females. Males in Derashe ethnic groups who want to marry their own ethnic must ask to pay a high amount of Brive price for females. Therefore, males decided to marry out of their ethnic groups and pay some Brive price for females or for free. At this time, the two different ethnic groups lived together, and the new child mixed language and culture. So, the child preferred to engage mother language, and it missed their father’s language and culture. However, language shifts may occur during the time of exogamy marriage.
Dual-Mode Dielectric Waveguide Monoblock Filter Design
Authors: Wu Yahui , Jin Lukui , Xie Zhenxiong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a design of dielectric waveguide filter using dual-mode dielectric waveguide resonators (DWRs). The filter is formed by a ceramic monoblock, thus it is compact and ease of fabrication. The employed degenerate modes of DWR are TE101 and TE011 mode, which can be coupled by a slot on the dielectric block. The coupling between a dual-mode DWR and a single-mode DWR is realized by aperture and slot. The external coupling is realized by a silver-coated blind hole that aligns to the mode for excitation. Transmission zero (TZ) can be flexibly generated above or below passband, by changing the relative position of coupling slot. A sixth order bandpass filter working at 4.9 GHz is designed using dual- and single-mode DWRs. The filter is fabricated and measured, agreeing well with simulation. This filter has compact size, low insertion loss, good selectivity and wide spurious-free response, which is applicable to 5G base stations.
In Depth Parasitic Capacitance Analysis on GaN-HEMTs with Recessed MIS Gate
Authors: Kammeugne Romeo Kom , Leroux Charles , Frutuoso Tadeu Mota , Cluzel Jacques , Vauche Laura , Gwoziecki Romain , Garros Xavier , Charles Matthew , Bano Edwige , Ghibaudo Gerard
Published: June 2023

In this study, parasitic coupling capacitance behavior on GaN devices with recessed MIS-gate is analysed in depth by combining experimental data, 2D-simulations, analytical calculations, and TEM imaging. This enabled to highlight the second channel formation. A new analytical model to determine the contribution of the active channel and the different coupling parasitic capacitances from a gate-to-channel capacitance Cgc curve of a GaN MIS-HEMT is proposed. This also enables the evaluation of the respective contribu-tions of all components such as the passivation layer and gate field plate capacitances in the parasitic ca-pacitance and effective gate length evaluation of GaN devices with recessed MIS gate, which could be useful for reliable parameter extraction, device modeling and optimization.
On MQTT Scalability in the Internet of Things: Issues, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: Spohn Marco Aurelio
Published: June 2023

The Publish/Subscribe (P/S) paradigm plays an essential role in developing Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Among the most representative P/S protocols, there is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). Standard implementations employ a single server acting as a broker for client-to-client communication: publishers send messages to the broker, which forwards them to the subscribers. A single server is a single point of failure and a potential bottleneck. Most IoT applications require a reliable and scalable communication system. MQTT systems can evolve in such requirements through clustering or federation of brokers, resulting in more complex communication architectures. This work presents an overview of current issues and solutions for addressing MQTT scalability in the IoT context.
Performance Optimization of Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors by Tuning Parameters
Authors: Saini Kriti Rai , Rajput Shailesh , Choi Yoonsuk
Published: June 2023

As transistors are scaled down to keep up with Moore's law, the semiconductor industry is facing several challenges due to the limitation of traditional Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) technology. To overcome this issue of scalability, various other technologies are being researched. Among them are Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET), Ribbon Field Effect Transistors (RibbonFET), Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET), and Fin shaped Field Effect Transistor (FinFET), which can substitute MOSFETs. Due to carbon nanotubes' excellent conductivity supremacy, CNTFETs are a promising new solution. However, implementing a CNTFET and making circuits from it is still challenging as CNTFETs can exhibit properties of both semiconductor and metal depending on various parameters. This paper will illustrate the characteristics of the CNTFET, compare the power consumption and propagation delay of basic logic gates made using the CNTFET and MOSFET technology. The parameter tuning is done by measuring the power and delay for all parameter values. The Simulation of CNTFET is done on the Stanford CNTFET model using H-Spice.
Publisher's Note: Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering—A New Open Access Journal
Authors: Gao Hang , Li Russell
Published: June 2023

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that focuses on electricity and electronics, from microscopic computer components to large-scale electrical networks. It has been a key aspect of human advancement for centuries. Universal Wiser Publisher [1] is pleased to announce the launch of a new journal—Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering [2].
More Than a Device: Function Implementation in a Multi-Gate Junctionless FET Structure
Authors: Hossain Sehtab , Iqbal Md Arif , Samant Prerana , Siddiki Mahbube K. , Rahman Mostafizur
Published: June 2023

The miniaturization of the transistor sizes to keep up with Moore's Law in Integrated Circuits (ICs) is rapidly approaching the physical limits. To push the horizons of Moore's Law, among the various approaches available in the literature, single device-based computing shows promise by achieving more functionality in a smaller footprint. However, a single device-based computing approach either mainly embeds only the primitive logic hence inefficient in performance, or requires exotic devices like spin logic devices, and memristor which involve non-conventional costly manufacturing steps. Previously, we introduced the concept of embedding logic in a single device based on Crosstalk Computing, where deterministic signal interference between nano-metal lines is leveraged for logic computation. This paper elaborates upon the methodology of realizing complex Boolean functions through TCAD-based modeling and simulations, quantifying results, and compares against existing approaches. Core to our approach is a multi-gate Junctionless FET-based device, methodical placement of the independent gates, manipulation of device parameters, and dimension. This paper shows the implementation of various complex logic functions along with the primitive gates in the proposed device. Our benchmark results show 8x density benefits and 8x less power consumption on average than CMOS-based implementation. For the case of delay, elementary and complex logic devices show comparable characteristics with 14 nm PTM counterparts. Such realization of complex functions in a stand-alone device is compatible with the existing fabrication process.
On-Wafer Drain Current Variability in GaN MIS-HEMT on 200-mm Silicon Substrates
Authors: Kammeugne Romeo Kom , Leroux Charles , Theodorou Christoforos , Vauche Laura , Charles Matthew , Bano Edwige , Ghibaudo Gerard
Published: June 2023

In this study, a detailed on-wafer (or global) variability analysis of drain current characteristics of GaN MIS-HEMT devices grown on 200 mm silicon substrate is conducted. For the first time to our knowledge, the on-wafer variability sources in GaN technologies due to the manufacturing process are investigated by combining experimental data and analytical variability modeling. The key parameters which affect the variability are oxide the interface charge fluctuations, the mobility fluctuations, the gate oxide thickness and/or the gate area variations and the access resistance fluctuations in the contact as well as in the 2DEG regions (source and drain sides). Due the specificity of GaN MIS HEMT device engineering process, we show that their variability performances are not, for the time being, comparable to the state-of-the art silicon CMOS technologies, and this can be valuable for reliable improvement and optimization of GaN technology fabrication process. This study has been verified over a large range of channel gate lengths for three normally-off GaN MIS-HEMT wafers and having different gate process flows.
Open-Source Data Processing Chain for Marche Region X-band Weather Radar
Authors: Iocca Francesco , Lazzeri Marco , Pellegrini Marco
Published: June 2023

In the framework of three projects co-funded by the European Union (EU), an X-band (8-12 GHz frequency range) polarimetric radar was installed in the Marche Region territory (East-Central Italy) at Cingoli municipality, province of Macerata. The radar site is located at about 750 m above sea level and about 30 km away from the Adriatic Sea. The radar, managed by the Marche Region Civil Protection Service, is employed for weather monitoring purposes and is in pre-operational stage. It is known that radar measurements are affected by various sources of error, to be addressed in order to improve the accuracy of final products. Among these, the most important are radar calibration, ground and sea clutter, beam blockage, rain attenuation, wet-radome attenuation, beam-broadening, non-uniform beam filling, vertical variability of precipitation and wireless local-area-network (WLAN) interferences. Nowadays quantitative rainfall estimation using X-band weather radar are essential to meet requirements for flood forecasting, water management and many hydro-meteorological applications. Besides higher resolution, X-band radars are cost-effective compared to S- or C-band radars because of smaller antenna size. On the other hand, main disadvantages of such systems are the large influence of attenuation by liquid water and a relatively short range. In this work, we will present the data-processing chain developed ad hoc in order to remove or at least reduce the sources of error affecting Cingoli radar data. The performance of the data-processing chain was evaluated in the light of case studies related to meteorological events that interested Marche region territory in the last two years. The software was developed using open source technology. The current version of the chain does not take into account the echoes from sea clutter and the attenuation due to wet radome that can be significant at X-band; such issues will be addressed in a future work.
Sustainability and Prolonging Rechargeable Battery Life: A Sensor Device Review
Authors: Sahu Swati , Tiwari Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Rechargeable batteries have recently experienced increases in productivity and the economy, solidifying their dominance in energy-intensive cultures. Regular performance monitoring is required to lessen the adverse environmental effects of batteries in the face of increased demand. The distinctive features of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) make them an ideal choice for energy storage. Battery management systems (BMSs) are needed to make sure that LIB systems are safe and operate effectively. Critical problems in the existing structure and operation of BMSs are their limited data storage capacity and weak computational power. This paper studies the idea and architecture of cloud-based smart BMSs and offers some viewpoints on their performance, usability, and advantages for upcoming battery applications. While some of the benefits of sensors have been recognized for more than a hundred years, the combination of diverse sensing technologies with novel battery platforms has the potential to revolutionize the sector by changing how both new and old lithium-ion devices are used. This paper also highlights current advances and their associated benefits focusing on electrochemical, mechanical, acoustic, and optical sensors that can potentially boost battery sustainability and longevity.
Uncovering Gas Insulated Substation Transient Behaviours Using the Equivalent Cable Model
Authors: Nouri Hassan , Muresan Alexandru , Czumbi Levente , Micu Dan
Published: June 2023

An improved circuit theory approach is proposed for verification of data obtained with the Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) theory for the study of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) transient behaviours. The improved circuit theory utilises the concept of an equivalent cable model. The proposed equivalent cable model reduces time and eliminates costs associated with experimentation, which in some cases is not feasible. Also reported is the degree of accuracy in using the proposed model as a benchmark for verification purposes.
Dynamic State Estimation of Synchronous Machines Using Iterated Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter and Synchrophasor Measurements
Authors: Johnson Teena , Banu Sofia , Moger Tukaram
Published: June 2023

Power system dynamic state estimation is the first prerequisite for control and stability prediction under transient conditions. For a stable and reliable power system, it is crucial and helpful to have accurate, precise, and up-to-date information on the states of the synchronous machines- rotor angle and rotor speed deviation. This paper proposes an application of the Iterated Square-root Cubature Kalman filter (ISCKF) to estimate these main states of synchronous generators. The ISCKF method consists of two step modification - one is the square-root step modification of CKF and the next step is the addition of iterative approach to the square-root CKF method. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach during a three-phase short circuit fault, the simulation results, are compared with that of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF). The test systems considered are a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, an IEEE 9-bus system and a 19-generator 42-bus test system. The estimation accuracy of the rotor angle using ISCKF method is increased by 6.8–36.54% when compared to that of the CKF method. Similarly, the improvement in accuracy is 4.4–28.57% for estimation of speed deviation.
Materials Plus: A New Open Access Journal on Material Science
Authors: Gong Katherine , Gao Hang
Published: June 2023

Materials science is a rapidly growing area of study that covers many interdisciplinary fields. Around the world, increasing numbers of researchers are engaged in materials research. Materials Plus is dedicated to publish cutting-edge original papers integrating knowledge from all the fields of materials science and engineering. As an open access journal, Materials Plus provides a free and unlimited access to published papers, and should be of interest to anyone working on materials studies. The quality of the published articles will be assured by a rigorous peer-review process.
Dynamic Analysis of Shaft with Variable Mechanical Property under Dynamic Load by FEM Method
Authors: Nguyen Vanluat
Published: June 2023

The paper introduces the dynamic responses of a circular shaft with variable mechanical properties under dynamic loads. The direct construction of finite element formulation for dynamic problems, which include stiffness matrix, and mass matrix for circular axis. The Functionally Graded Material (FGM) shaft with material properties is assumed to vary continuously in the longitudinal direction investigated. Building a numerical program for the problem based on Bernoulli beam theory, and Newmark numerical algorithm. The obtained numerical results have found the kinematic response of the shaft with the longitudinal variation of mechanical properties under the action of dynamic loads. The results were also compared with the analytical results in some special cases to clarify the reliability of the calculation method.
On Parameters of Evaporation Refining
Authors: Kravchenko Alexander
Published: June 2023

The previously presented theory of evaporation refining which takes into account the difference in the vapor pressure of the components and the diffusion of impurities (but not other possible factors) is analyzed. The complexity of the theory is noted: to calculate the refining efficiency depending on the yield at a given temperature, a large number of parameters (nine) of the substance and material are required: molar mass M, density ρ, melting point Tm, equilibrium separation factor β0, vapor pressure of the main component p, the impurity diffusion activation energy in the refined substance Q, the impurity diffusion coefficient Dm at temperature Tm and the material size factor X. The conceptual character of the theory under consideration is noted due to the lack of knowledge of most of these parameters and the neglect of all process factors.
Experimental Simulation of Fluidity State Evolution from Slow Earthquake to Strong Earthquake
Authors: Tong Lihong , Fu Li , Ding Haibin
Published: June 2023

Slow earthquakes have been frequently detected in the neighboring regions of seismogenic zones. However, the physics underlying the connection of slow earthquakes to huge earthquakes remains one of the least understood aspects in seismic research today. By observing the strain time evolution of granular materials in laboratory experiments, we report that the fluidity parameter, which represents a time dependent rate for strain evolution, can be rejuvenated under progressively increasing dynamic loading and this physical quantity finally reaches a critical threshold state, and beyond that catastrophic and uncontained dynamic strain response begins. Moreover, memory effect and anti-fluidization effect in granular materials are also observed, and these effects underlay the long-term slip events preceded some strong earthquakes, including 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku earthquake and 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake. The observations indicate the key role of development of fluidity state on connecting slow earthquakes and to full-scale earthquakes.
Publisher's Note: Universal Journal of Civil Engineering—A New Open Access Journal
Authors: Gao Hang , Ma Ni , Li Russell
Published: June 2023

It is our pleasure to introduce the new open access journal: Universal Journal of Civil Engineering. It publishes original research papers, review articles, communications, etc. Topics of publications in UJCE include, but are not limited to the following: structural engineering; construction engineering; transportation engineering; geotechnical engineering; earthquake engineering; coastal, harbour and offshore engineering; hydraulic engineering; environmental engineering; construction materials engineering; survey and geo-spatial engineering; municipal and urban engineering; solid mechanics.
Design of Short Wall Timber Formworks Using New Formulas
Authors: Hussien Osama
Published: June 2023

The construction of reinforced concrete requires formwork, whether from timber, steel, or any other material. Generally, formwork accounts for 20% to 25% of a project's cost. This research aims to come up with new formulas that can guide the engineer in designing timber formwork in a safe, easy, and economical manner. By using the statistical analysis program in this study, we calculated the spacings of studs, wales, and ties in a faster manner than the traditional method by analysing the results of bending, shear, deflection, crushing, etc. The results of the study involve the effects of placement rate, concrete temperature, sheathing thickness, pressure values, and stud and wale sections on the spacing of components of the formwork. There are seven equations built to calculate the spacings of individual components.
Radical and Incremental Innovations as Critical Leveragers of a Firm's Financial Performance: Best Practices from Tesla and Toyota
Authors: Okanga Boniface
Published: June 2023

Even if the rippling effects of radical and incremental innovations often bolster a firm's overall effective financial performance, managing all kinds of innovation activities is often not a linear process that induces the desired outcome and profitability levels. Thus, given the high rivalrism in the global car market, this paper offers a critical analysis of Tesla and Toyota's radical and incremental innovation management strategies so as to extract the best practices that can be emulated by other innovation ventures to bolster their competitiveness and financial performance. Methodology used in such analysis entailed a systematic review and synthesis of the existing online data, academic journals and textbooks on Tesla and Toyota's radical and incremental innovation management strategies. Combined with the interview of twenty personnel from car dealers in Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland about their perceptions of Tesla and Toyota's innovative products, outcomes of such systematic review were triangulated with the core radical and incremental innovation management theories to discern how they offer coherent explanation of Tesla and Toyota's innovation space and management strategies. Though Tesla and Toyota seem to use similar radical and incremental innovation management strategies of search, select, implement and capture, Toyota was still found to have a radical product innovation disadvantage that undermines the development of better EVs to counter Tesla's premium EVs. Similarly, Tesla also has a radical process innovation deficiency that affects the development of cheaper and affordable EVs to further erode Toyota's market dominance. Given such findings, the paper highlights some of the best radical and incremental innovation management practices that can be emulated by different innovation ventures to create, deliver and capture the desired innovation values that can bolster their overall competitiveness and financial performance.
Financial Development, Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Oladipo Olufemi Adebayo , Ogunjobi Joseph Olufemi , Adigbple Ezekiel  A. , Oginni Oluwadamilola O. , Soroh Oyinbunugha Lamuella
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Over the years, there has been a pressing need to improve the state of human capital development and financial development, to pay more attention to it and the benefits it holds in the economy. However, this has not been the case in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, as there has been a major decline in comparison to the other regions of the world. The study examined the relationship between financial developments, human capital development on economic growth in Sub- Saharan African (SSA) countries. The data collected for this research work was obtained from the World Bank, for the 45 Sub-Saharan countries for twenty-four years (1997 to 2020). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data set; while panel regression analysis and unit root, testing was also carried out. The results of the study indicates that financial stability and human capital development (education) has significant relationship on the economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study therefore recommends that the government should attach a higher level of importance to human capital development as well as financial access to ensure economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords: Financial Development, Human Capital Development, Economic Growth, Nigeria
JEL classification
C33; G10; O47