bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Predictive Tool for the Parametric Analysis of a Turbofan Engine
Authors: Ahmed Zara , Sohail Muhammad Umer , Javed Asma , Swati Raees Fida
Published: September 2023

Parametric cycle analysis, an on-design engine study, specifies the required design characteristics that optimize engine performance. This study aimed to conduct a parametric analysis of a low-bypass turbofan engine with an afterburner, F100-PW229, and develop a technique for estimating its performance based on data using machine learning and deep learning. Commercially available gas turbine simulation software, GasTurb 14, was used to create a dataset of engine performance response variables and input design parameters. The effects of the Mach number, fan pressure ratio, altitude, turbine entry temperature, and bypass ratio on the specific thrust, propulsive efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and total fuel flow were investigated. Regression learning models and deep neural networks were then programmed on this dataset to predict responses for new input data. In MATLAB, a total of 24 regression models were trained with cross-validation, and the model with the least root mean square error was selected as the final model. The machine learning regression models produced reliable output parameter predictions, with the least root mean square error of 9.076 × 10−5. Among the numerous regression models tested, Gaussian process regression, the quadratic support vector machine, and the wide neural network emerged to be the most successful in predicting turbofan engine performance metrics. A multilayer perceptron model was coded in Python with two hidden layers that accurately predicted the performance parameters. The mean square error value on test data was found to be as low as 0.0046. In comparison to intensive computational simulations, machine learning and deep learning models offer an efficient method for conducting parametric analysis of turbofan engines.
Physiological Profile and Correlations between VO2max and Match Distance Running Performance of Soccer Players with Visual Impairment
Authors: Papadopoulos Chariton , Michailidis Yiannis , Metaxas Thomas I. , Mandroukas Athanasios , Fotiadou Eleni G. , Giagazoglou Paraskevi , Christoulas Kosmas , Tsimaras Vasilios
Published: September 2023

Aerobic capacity is crucial for the performance of soccer players; however, the relationship between VO2max and the running performance of soccer players with visual impairment is not known. Possibly finding relationships would help in the training process, as training would be more targeted. Additionally, both bodyweight and relative VO2max are factors that affect people’s health and wellness. From the literature, it appears that there are no studies that present the normal profile of soccer players with visual impairment. The aims of this study were to (a) determine the differences in VO2max between soccer players and sedentary men with visual impairment; (b) to assess the relationship between the VO2max of players with visual impairment and the distance covered in a soccer match and (c) to describe a profile of physiological parameters and distance running during a soccer match. Six male soccer players with VI and six male sedentary people with VI participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics (age, height, bodyweight, body fat (BF), body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory markers (VO2max, maximum heart rate (HRmax), respiratory exchange ratio (RER)) and the running performance of soccer players during matches were measured, and the VO2max of all the participants was measured in a laboratory. Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate differences between sedentary and soccer players’ anthropometric characteristics and performance. A correlation analysis by Spearman’s’ method was used to examine relationships between VO2max and the rest of the physical values during the match. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The soccer players’ weight was 33% lower, and their BMI was 23% lower than that of sedentary men (p = 0.023, η2 = 0.457 and p = 0.048, η2 = 0.394, respectively). The relative body mass VO2max of the athletes was 42.9% higher in comparison with sedentary men with VI (p = 0.002, η2 = 0.755). No correlations were found between VO2max and match running performance (p = 0.957, r = −0.029) or other parameters during the match in soccer players with VI. In conclusion, relative VO2max is not related to the match running performance of soccer players. The tactics applied by the team, the style of play and the position of the player may affect the distances covered. Also, as expected, the soccer players showed lower bodyweight and higher relative VO2max. However, this is the first study to observe the level of these differences.
Efficient Data Transfer by Evaluating Closeness Centrality for Dynamic Social Complex Network-Inspired Routing
Authors: López-Rourich Manuel A. , Rodríguez-Pérez Francisco J.
Published: September 2023

Social Complex Networks in communication networks are pivotal for comprehending the impact of human-like interactions on information flow and communication efficiency. These networks replicate social behavior patterns in the digital realm by modeling device interactions, considering friendship, influence, and information-sharing frequency. A key challenge in communication networks is their dynamic topologies, driven by dynamic user behaviors, fluctuating traffic patterns, and scalability needs. Analyzing these changes is essential for optimizing routing and enhancing the user experience. This paper introduces a network model tailored for Opportunistic Networks, characterized by intermittent device connections and disconnections, resulting in sporadic connectivity. The model analyzes node behavior, extracts vital properties, and ranks nodes by influence. Furthermore, it explores the evolution of node connections over time, gaining insights into changing roles and their impact on data exchange. Real-world datasets validate the model’s effectiveness. Applying it enables the development of refined routing protocols based on dynamic influence rankings. This approach fosters more efficient, adaptive communication systems that dynamically respond to evolving network conditions and user behaviors.
Physical Education and Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior Related to Academic Success of Science-Related Courses for Children in the State of Qatar
Authors: Hermassi Souhail , Konukman Ferman , Hayes Lawrence D. , Schwesig René
Published: September 2023

Background: This cross-sectional study examined gender differences in physical activity (PA), body mass index, sedentary behavior (SB), and academic performance (AP) in school-aged children in Qatar. Methods: Fifty-two schoolchildren (age: 11.9 ± 0.6 years) were assigned to gender-adjusted groups (female; n = 29). AP was calculated using the grade point averages (GPA) in Mathematics, Science, and Arabic. Additionally, the Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized. Results: Four parameters (peak height velocity [PHV], science, Arabic, vigorous PA) showed relevant gender effects (p < 0.05 and ηp2 > 0.10). The largest gender effect was calculated for PHV (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.45). PHV was markedly higher for males (1.65 ± 0.90) than for females (0.36 ± 0.37). Females showed a higher performance level in science (82.9 ± 8.61 vs. 77.0 ± 8.76) and Arabic (80.9 ± 8.25 vs. 73.0 ± 8.22). A significant gender difference (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.18) was evident for vigorous MET-minutes/week (males: 1318 ± 932 vs. females: 646 ± 525). In conclusion, males exhibited the greatest amount of moderate and vigorous PA. Females spent the greatest time sitting. Arabic was different by gender, and science AP was dependent upon gender. Conclusions: These data suggest subjects in middle school are sensitive to gender, but not necessarily influenced by PA or SB at this age. Encouraging a school-based program and an after-school health club characterized by gender sensitive strategies consisting of a health class and physical education curriculum support the unique needs, interests of academic performance, and motor skills to improving health related fitness for girls compared to boys.
A Scoping Review on the Progress, Applicability, and Future of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: González-Alday Raquel , García-Cuesta Esteban , Kulikowski Casimir A. , Maojo Victor
Published: September 2023

Due to the success of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the medical field over the past decade, concerns about the explainability of these systems have increased. The reliability requirements of black-box algorithms for making decisions affecting patients pose a challenge even beyond their accuracy. Recent advances in AI increasingly emphasize the necessity of integrating explainability into these systems. While most traditional AI methods and expert systems are inherently interpretable, the recent literature has focused primarily on explainability techniques for more complex models such as deep learning. This scoping review critically analyzes the existing literature regarding the explainability and interpretability of AI methods within the clinical domain. It offers a comprehensive overview of past and current research trends with the objective of identifying limitations that hinder the advancement of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in the field of medicine. Such constraints encompass the diverse requirements of key stakeholders, including clinicians, patients, and developers, as well as cognitive barriers to knowledge acquisition, the absence of standardised evaluation criteria, the potential for mistaking explanations for causal relationships, and the apparent trade-off between model accuracy and interpretability. Furthermore, this review discusses possible research directions aimed at surmounting these challenges. These include alternative approaches to leveraging medical expertise to enhance interpretability within clinical settings, such as data fusion techniques and interdisciplinary assessments throughout the development process, emphasizing the relevance of taking into account the needs of final users to design trustable explainability methods.
Integrated Carbonate-Based CO2 Capture—Biofixation through Cyanobacteria
Authors: Ughetti Alberto , Roncaglia Fabrizio , Anderlini Biagio , D’Eusanio Veronica , Russo Andrea Luca , Forti Luca
Published: September 2023

Microalgae, renowned for their high photosynthetic efficiency and minimal competition with land-based crops, hold great promise in the biofixation of CO2 from waste sources, making them valuable for diverse applications, including biofuels, food production, and biomaterials. An innovative technology, the integrated carbonate-based carbon capture and algae biofixation system is emerging as an alternative to traditional carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) methods. This closed-loop system utilizes bicarbonates as inorganic carbon sources, which can directly enter microalgae photosynthesis, subsequently regenerating carbonates for another cycle of carbon capture. This system offers significant advantages, including cost savings in carbon supply, simplified photobioreactor development, and reduced labor and energy requirements. Nevertheless, further research is essential to evaluate the suitability of various microorganisms and search for optimal growth conditions. In this study, we assessed the performance of two strains of Spirulina within the integrated system. Employing a Design of Experiments approach, we simultaneously varied temperature, bicarbonate concentration, and light irradiation while operating within a lab-scale photobioreactor. We achieved remarkable results, with a biomass productivity of 875 mg/L·d and an impressive CO2 utilization efficiency of 58%. These findings indicate a genuine opportunity for further exploration and scaling of this approach in industrial settings.
Research on a Time Series Data Prediction Model Based on Causal Feature Weight Adjustment
Authors: Huang Da , Zhang Qihang , Wen Zhuoer , Hu Mingjie , Xu Weixia
Published: September 2023

As the Information Age brings people an amount of data, research on data prediction has been widely concerned. Time series data, a sequence of data points collected over an interval of time, are very common in many areas such as weather forecasting, stock markets, and so on. Thus, research on time series data prediction is of great significance. Traditional prediction methods are usually based on correlations between data points, but correlations do not always reflect the relationship exactly within the data. In this paper, we propose the LiNGAM Weight Adjust–LSTM (LWA-LSTM) algorithm, which combines a causality discovery algorithm, feature weight adjustment, and a deep neural network for time series data prediction. Several stocks in the Chinese stock market were selected and the algorithm was used to predict the stock price. Comparing the prediction effect of the model with that of the LSTM model alone, the results show that the LWA-LSTM model can find the stable relationship between the data better and has fewer prediction errors.
Process Quality Control Method for Three-Cylinder Engine Balance Shaft System Oriented to Manufacturing Supply Chain
Authors: Wang Pingjun , Li Gangyan , Li Xueping
Published: September 2023

Automobile manufacturers often outsource key components and parts to suppliers, hence ensuring that process quality has been a hot topic in current research. The quality control demands at different stages of the manufacturing supply chain cycle have been ignored in traditional process quality control methods. To solve this issue, this paper takes the three-cylinder engine balance shaft system as the research object, and builds a process quality control model for the three-cylinder engine balance shaft system oriented to the manufacturing supply chain. The metagraph theory is introduced, and parts suppliers in the manufacturing supply chain, product process quality attributes, supply chain revenue function, and other key elements are defined. By constructing the revenue function of the three-cylinder engine balance shaft system process quality control model, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by taking the process quality control of one certain three-cylinder engine balance shaft system as a verification example. The results show that, with other conditions unchanged, the application of this method can increase the overall profit of the manufacturing supply chain by 100% at the stage of preparation before product machining, and more than 8% at the stage of product performance evaluation. The proposed method of process quality control based on the metagraph theory provides a theoretical basis for building an information sharing platform of product process quality, and effectively reduces the machining cost for product improvement and upgrading in the manufacturing supply chain.
Tunable Narrow Linewidth External Cavity Diode Laser Employing Wide Interference Filter and Diffraction Grating
Authors: Wang Yan , Ding Keke , Wu Hao , Zhao Tianye , Wu Yanyan , Cui Qiang , Chen Yongyi , Lei Yuxin , Qin Li
Published: September 2023

We design a unique external cavity configuration and present an ultra-narrow linewidth external cavity diode laser (ECDL) employing a wide interference filter and diffraction grating. The interference filter is for suppressing the noise floor, and diffraction grating is used for the mode selection. The combination of the filter and diffraction grating can effectively use a narrow linewidth without a significant reduction in optical gain. The Lorentz linewidth reaches 13.6 kHz at a wavelength of 1555 nm. The ECDL can be tuned by rotating the diffraction grating, and a wide tunable range of 40 nm is achieved with a maximum output power of 25.6 mW at an injection current of 200 mA. In addition, the ECDL shows an excellent side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) performance with a maximum of 57 dB at 1555 nm. Additionally, the SMSR changes gently throughout the tuning range at the injection current of 200 mA.
Dynamic Optimization of Mechanism Parameters of Bipedal Robot Considering Full-Range Walking Energy Efficiency
Authors: Chen Ziyu , An Kang , Wang Zibo , Miao Tiantian , Song Yaqing , Shangguan Qianqian
Published: September 2023

Mechanism parameters of bipedal robots are crucial for achieving efficient locomotion in complex environments. Inspired by the human energy-efficient walking style, this paper proposes a novel concept of full-range walking energy efficiency and explores the optimal linkage mechanism within certain ranges of step length and walking speed for bipedal robots. First, a bipedal model incorporating an upper body is established for dynamic analysis. Next, an optimal walking gait subject to walking constraints is solved by considering the full-range energy efficiency. Further, an optimal linkage mechanism is investigated, and the influence of dynamic parameters on energy efficiency is analyzed. Finally, the push-off impulse, minimum ground support force, and walking torque features are discussed. It shows that the full-range walking energy efficiency can be lowered by reducing the ratio of leg mass, concentrating mass at the hip joint, decreasing the length of the upper body, or increasing the center of mass of the leg. In addition, efficient walking motion can be achieved by designing the coordination of positive hip joint torque and push-off impulse at the ankle. This paper can be used to guide the mechanism parameter optimization and efficient walking gait design of bipedal robots.
Clustering Optimization of IPMSM for Electric Vehicles: Considering Inverter Control Strategy
Authors: Bu Jiabao , Yuan Shangbin , Du Jinhua
Published: September 2023

The actual performance of driving motors in the electric vehicle (EV) powertrain depends not only on the electromagnetic design of the motor itself but also on the driving condition of the vehicle. The traditional motor optimization method at the rated point is difficult to deal with because of the mismatch between its high-efficiency area and the actual operation area. This paper systematically proposes an optimal design method for driving motors for EVs, considering the driving conditions and control strategy to improve motor efficiency and passengers’ riding comfort. It uses cluster analysis to identify representative points and related energy weights to consider motors’ comprehensive performance in different driving cycles. Three typical operation conditions are selected to implement the proposed optimization process. In the design process, by using the sensitivity analysis method, the significance of the structural parameters is effectively evaluated. Moreover, the semianalytical efficiency model and torque model of permanent magnet driving motors based on finite element analysis results are deduced to consider the influence of magnetic saturation, space harmonics, and cross-coupling between d-axis and q-axis magnetic fields. Based on the driving system demands of an A0 class pure EV, the whole optimization design is divided into four steps and three scales, including the motor scale, control scale, and system scale. By using the multi-objective optimization method, Pareto optimality of motor efficiency and torque ripple is achieved under the city driving cycle and highway driving cycle. Compared to the optimization only at the rated condition, the proportion of motor sweet region increased about 1.25 times and 3.5 times by the proposed system-scale optimization under two driving cycles, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is verified by the prototype experiments.
Preclinical Studies of the Antimicrobial and Wound-Healing Effects of the High-Intensity Optical Irradiation “Zarnitsa-A” Apparatus
Authors: Bagrov Valery V. , Bukhtiyarov Igor V. , Volodin Lev Y. , Zibarev Evgeny V. , Kamrukov Alexander S. , Kondratiev Andrey V. , Krylov Vladimir I. , Nikonova Sofya M. , Novikov Dmitry O. , Semenov Kirill A.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a new approach to treating infected wounds is proposed. It is based on treating the wound surface with high-intensity pulsed optical radiation with a continuous spectrum, continuously covering the entire UV range (from 200 to 400 nm) and the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. A pulsed xenon lamp is used as a radiation source. A description of the design and technical characteristics of the device, “Zarnitsa-A”, is presented, implementing the proposed medical technology for wound therapy. The results of our studies of the apparatus in vitro and in vivo are also presented. The article shows that exposure to the apparatus leads to pronounced bactericidal- and wound-healing properties. The apparatus’s action reliably provides higher rates of wound healing compared with only a typical antibacterial or wound healing agent, such as “levomekol” ointment.
Wave Polarization Control in Anisotropic Locally Resonant Materials
Authors: Faraci David , Mendicino Francesco , Vincenti Angela , Comi Claudia
Published: September 2023

Elastic wave propagation in solids can be controlled and manipulated by properly designed metamaterials. In particular, polarization conversion can be obtained by using anisotropic materials. In this paper, we propose a three-component locally resonant material with non-symmetrically coated inclusions, and we study the effect of the anisotropic equivalent mass on band gap formation and the polarization conversion of elastic waves. The equivalent frequency-dependent mass tensor is obtained through the two-scale homogenization approach. The study of the eigenvalues of the mass tensor enables to predict band gaps and polarization bands, as well as identifying a priori the effect of different geometric and material parameters, thus opening the way to metamaterial optimization.
Methodological Aspects of Induced Sputum
Authors: Dragonieri Silvano , Bikov Andras , Capuano Alessandro , Scarlata Simone , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana
Published: September 2023

We aimed to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the current literature and offer further insights into the methodological aspects concerning induced sputum. The increasing popularity of sputum induction as a non-invasive and cost-effective method for obtaining lower airway secretions from patients who cannot produce sputum naturally has led to extensive research and applications in respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. This technique allows for analysis of the cellular and biochemical components of the sputum to take place, providing insights into airway inflammation, immune cells, and help in predicting treatment response. Furthermore, induced sputum enables various analyses, including microRNA and gene expression studies and immunophenotyping. The procedure is generally safe and well tolerated, even in patients with airflow limitations; however, monitoring lung function is essential, especially in those with airway hyperresponsiveness. Optimal saline solution concentration and inhalation duration have been investigated, recommending a 15–20 min induction with hypertonic saline. Expectoration involves coughing at the end of each inhalation time. Careful handling during sputum processing is necessary for obtaining accurate results in cell cytology, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Overall, induced sputum offers significant advantages as a preferred alternative for large-scale and repeated airway sampling, despite some technical demands and limitations.
Twenty-Year Review of Outdoor Air Quality in Utah, USA
Authors: Flowerday Callum E. , Thalman Ryan , Hansen Jaron C.
Published: September 2023

Air quality is a prevalent concern due to its imposing health risks. The state of Utah, USA, at times over the last 20 years has suffered from some of the worst air quality in the nation. The propensity for the state of Utah to experience elevated concentrations of particulate matter and ozone can in part be attributed to its unique geography that features dry, mountainous topography. Valleys in Utah create ideal environments for extended cold-pool events. In this review, we summarize the research executed in Utah over the past 20 years (2002–2022) by dividing the state into six regions: Utah Valley, Summit County, Southern Utah (regions south of Utah Valley), Cache Valley, Uinta Basin, and Salt Lake Valley. We review the published literature chronologically and provide a summary of each region identifying areas where additional research is warranted. We found that the research effort is weighted towards Uinta Basin and Salt Lake Valley, with the other regions in Utah only adding up to 20% of the research effort. We identified a need for more source apportionment studies, speciated volatile organic compound (VOC) studies, and ozone isopleths. Where ozone isopleths are not able to be created, measurement of glyoxal and formaldehyde concentrations could serve as surrogates for more expensive studies to inform ozone mitigation policies.
Single Ionization of Helium by Protons of Various Energies in the Parabolic Quasi-Sturmians Approach
Authors: Zaytsev Alexander S. , Zaytseva Darya S. , Zaytsev Sergey A. , Ancarani Lorenzo U. , Chuluunbaatar Ochbadrakh , Kouzakov Konstantin A. , Popov Yury V.
Published: September 2023

The parabolic quasi-Sturmian approach, recently introduced for the calculation of ion–atom ionizing collisions, is adapted and applied here to the single ionization of helium induced by an intermediate-energy proton impact. Within the method, the ionization amplitude is represented as the sum of the products of the basis amplitudes associated with the asymptotic behavior of the continuum states of the two noninteracting hydrogenic subsystems (e−,He+) and (p+,He+). The p−e interaction is treated as a perturbation in the Lippmann–Schwinger-type (LS) equation for the three-body system (e−,He+,p+). This LS equation is solved numerically using separable expansions for the proton–electron potential. We examine the convergence behavior of the transition amplitude expansion as the number of terms in the representation of the p−e interaction is increased and find that, for some kinematic regimes, the convergence is poor. This difficulty, which is absent for a higher proton energy impact, is solved by varying the momentum of the auxiliary proton plane wave introduced into the basis function. Fully differential cross-sections are calculated and compared with experimental data for 75 keV protons and the results obtained with the 3C model.
A Regularization-Free Scheme for Recovering Large External Forces of Higher-Order Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Chang Chih-Wen
Published: September 2023

In this study, the inverse engineering problems of the Ostrovsky equation (OE), Kawahara equation (KE), modified Kawahara equation (mKE), and sixth-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation will be investigated numerically. An effective numerical approach to tackle these inverse Coriolis dispersion problems and the above-mentioned inverse problems are still not available. To use different boundary shape functions, we must deal with the boundary data, initial conditions, and terminal time conditions of the OE, KE, mKE, and sixth-order KdV equations. The unknown Coriolis dispersion of OE and unknown large external forces of those three equations can be retrieved through back-substitution of the solution into the OE, KE, mKE, and sixth-order KdV equations while we obtain the solution with the symmetry property by employing the boundary shape function scheme (BSFS). Five numerical experiments with noisy data are carefully validated and discussed.
Quadratic Phase Multiresolution Analysis and the Construction of Orthonormal Wavelets in L2(ℝ)
Authors: Gupta Bivek , Kaur Navneet , Verma Amit K. , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: September 2023

The multi-resolution analysis (MRA) associated with quadratic phase Fourier transform (QPFT) serves as a tool to construct orthogonal bases of the L2(R). Consequently, it assumes a pivotal role in facilitating potential applications of QPFT. Inspired by the sampling theorem applicable to band-limited signals in the QPFT domain, this paper formulates the development of the MRA linked with QPFT. Subsequently, we develop a method for constructing orthogonal bases for L2(R), followed by some examples.
Treatment of Severe Pulmonary Regurgitation in Enlarged Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts: Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement with Three-Dimensional Printing Guidance
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Jin Ping , Meng Xin , Li Lanlan , Mao Yu , Zheng Minwen , Liu Liwen , Liu Yang , Yang Jian
Published: September 2023

Background: Severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) often occurs following a transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot, resulting in an enlarged native right ventricular outflow tract (nRVOT) with varying shapes. Methods: We conducted a single-center study with eight patients having severe PR and enlarged nRVOT (diameters ≥ 29 mm). Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) was performed using the self-expanding PT-Valve. Preoperative evaluation included echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A 3D-printed model of the nRVOT was used for preoperative assessment. Follow-up data were collected in 1-year follow-up. Results: PT-Valve was successfully implanted in all patients, resulting in immediate improvement of severe PR. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure increased significantly (p < 0.001). No deaths or coronary compression occurred during the procedure. Over a 1-year follow-up, no stent displacement or fracture occurred. Only two patients had trace paravalvular leaks. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a reversal of right ventricular remodeling, with a significant reduction in right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (p < 0.001) and improved right ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001). All patients achieved primary endpoints. Conclusion: 3D printing-guided PT-Valve implantation in enlarged nRVOT for severe PR is safe and effective, expanding TPVR indications and offering potential treatment for a broader patient population.
Implementing a Novel Machine Learning System for Nutrition Education in Diabetes Mellitus Nutritional Clinic: Predicting 1-Year Blood Glucose Control
Authors: Liu Mei-Yuan , Liu Chung-Feng , Lin Tzu-Chi , Ma Yu-Shan
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of death and causes cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in significant social and economic costs. This study used a machine learning (ML) technique to build prediction models with the factors of lifestyle, medication compliance, and self-control in eating habits and then implemented a predictive system based on the best model to forecast whether blood glucose can be well-controlled within 1 year in diabetic patients attending a DM nutritional clinic. (2) Methods: Data were collected from outpatients aged 20 years or older with type 2 DM who received nutrition education in Chi Mei Medical Center. Multiple ML algorithms were used to build the predictive models. (3) Results: The predictive models achieved accuracies ranging from 0.611 to 0.690. The XGBoost model with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.738 was regarded as the best and used for the predictive system implementation. SHAP analysis was performed to interpret the feature importance in the best model. The predictive system, evaluated by dietitians, received positive feedback as a beneficial tool for diabetes nutrition consultations. (4) Conclusions: The ML prediction model provides a promising approach for diabetes nutrition consultations to maintain good long-term blood glucose control, reduce diabetes-related complications, and enhance the quality of medical care.
Gut Microbiota Metabolite 3-Indolepropionic Acid Directly Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells by ROS/JNK/p38 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyan , Yang Junting , Huang Yuling , Li Jia , Li Yuanyuan
Published: September 2023

There has been a growing interest in studying the communication of gut microbial metabolites between the gut and the liver as liver fibrosis progresses. Although 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA) is regarded as a clinically valuable gut metabolite for the treatment of certain chronic diseases, the effects of oral administration of IPA on hepatic fibrosis in different animal models have been conflicting. While some mechanisms have been proposed to explain these contradictory effects, the direct impact of IPA on hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that IPA could directly activate LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells in vitro. IPA upregulated the expression of fibrogenic marker genes and promoted the features associated with HSCs activation, including proliferation and contractility. IPA also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and the expression of inflammation-related genes in LX-2 cells. However, when a ROS-blocking agent was used, these effects were reduced. p38 and JNK, the downstream signaling cascades of ROS, were found to be required for the activation of LX-2 induced by IPA. These findings suggest that IPA can directly activate hepatic stellate cells through ROS-induced JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
Gender Differences in Post-Operative Human Skin
Authors: Gawronska-Kozak Barbara , Kopcewicz Marta , Machcinska-Zielinska Sylwia , Walendzik Katarzyna , Wisniewska Joanna , Drukała Justyna , Wasniewski Tomasz , Rutkowska Joanna , Malinowski Piotr , Pulinski Michał
Published: September 2023

Although the impact of age, gender, and obesity on the skin wound healing process has been extensively studied, the data related to gender differences in aspects of skin scarring are limited. The present study performed on abdominal human intact and scar skin focused on determining gender differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) accumulation, and Foxn1 expression as a part of the skin response to injury. Scar skin of men showed highly increased levels of COLLAGEN 1A1, COLLAGEN 6A3, and ELASTIN mRNA expression, the accumulation of thick collagen I-positive fibers, and the accumulation of α-SMA-positive cells in comparison to the scar skin of women. However, post-injured skin of women displayed an increase (in comparison to post-injured men’s skin) in collagen III accumulation in the scar area. On the contrary, women’s skin samples showed a tendency towards higher levels of adipogenic-related genes (PPARγ, FABP4, LEPTIN) than men, regardless of intact or scar skin. Intact skin of women showed six times higher levels of LEPTIN mRNA expression in comparison to men intact (p < 0.05), men post-injured (p < 0.05), or women post-injured scar (p < 0.05) skin. Higher levels of FOXN1 mRNA and protein were also detected in women than in men’s skin. In conclusion, the present data confirm and extend (dWAT layer) the data related to the presence of differences between men and women in the skin, particularly in scar tissues, which may contribute to the more effective and gender-tailored improvement of skin care interventions.
The Value of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 as Potential Prognosis Markers in Cervical Cancer: Evidence of E6/E7 from HPV16 and 18 in Chemokines Regulation
Authors: Fernandez-Avila Leonardo , Castro-Amaya Aribert Maryosly , Molina-Pineda Andrea , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Jave-Suarez Luis Felipe , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana
Published: September 2023

Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious global health issue, and it is well-known that HPV infection is the main etiological factor that triggers carcinogenesis. In cancer, chemokine ligands and receptors are involved in tumor cell growth, metastasis, leukocyte infiltration, and angiogenesis; however, information on the role played by E6/E7 of HPV16/18 in the modulation of chemokines is very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether chemokines are differentially expressed in CC-derived cell lines; if E6/E7 oncoproteins from HPV16 and 18 are capable of mediating chemokine expression, what is the expression profile of chemokines in tissues derived from CC and what is their impact on the overall survival of patients with this pathology? For this purpose, RNA sequencing and real-time PCR were performed on SiHa, HeLa, and C33A tumorigenic cell lines, on the non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells, and the E6/E7 HPV-transduced HaCaT cell models. Furthermore, chemokine expression and survival analysis were executed on 304 CC and 22 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. The results demonstrate that CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 are regulated by E6/E7 of HPV16 and 18, are overexpressed in CC biopsies, and that their higher expression is related to a worse prognostic survival.
Dynamics of Liver Macrophage Subsets in a Novel Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Using C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Makiuchi Nana , Takano Shun , Tada Yuki , Kasai Kaichi , Igarashi Naoya , Kani Koudai , Kato Miyuna , Goto Kana , Matsuura Yudai , Ichimura-Shimizu Mayuko , Furusawa Yukihiro , Tsuneyama Koichi , Nagai Yoshinori
Published: September 2023

Macrophages are critical for the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our previous findings in TSNO mouse livers showed that an iHFC (high-fat/cholesterol/cholate) diet induced liver fibrosis similar to human NASH and led to the accumulation of distinct subsets of macrophage: CD11c+/Ly6C− and CD11c−/Ly6C+ cells. CD11c+/Ly6C− cells were associated with the promotion of advanced liver fibrosis in NASH. On the other hand, CD11c−/Ly6C+ cells exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect and were involved in tissue remodeling processes. This study aimed to elucidate whether an iHFC diet with reduced cholic acid (iHFC#2 diet) induces NASH in C57BL/6 mice and examine the macrophage subsets accumulating in the liver. Histological and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the iHFC#2 diet promoted inflammation and fibrosis indicative of NASH in the livers of C57BL/6 mice. Cell numbers of Kupffer cells decreased and recruited macrophages were accumulated in the livers of iHFC#2 diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Notably, the iHFC#2 diet resulted in the accumulation of three macrophage subsets in the livers of C57BL/6 mice: CD11c+/Ly6C−, CD11c−/Ly6C+, and CD11c+/Ly6C+ cells. However, CD11c+/Ly6C+ cells were not distinct populations in the iHFC-fed TSNO mice. Thus, differences in cholic acid content and mouse strain affect the macrophage subsets that accumulate in the liver.
Advanced Textile-Based Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Li Sheng , Li Huan , Lu Yongcai , Zhou Minhao , Jiang Sai , Du Xiaosong , Guo Chang
Published: September 2023

With the innovation of wearable technology and the rapid development of biosensors, wearable biosensors based on flexible textile materials have become a hot topic. Such textile-based wearable biosensors promote the development of health monitoring, motion detection and medical management, and they have become an important support tool for human healthcare monitoring. Textile-based wearable biosensors not only non-invasively monitor various physiological indicators of the human body in real time, but they also provide accurate feedback of individual health information. This review examines the recent research progress of fabric-based wearable biosensors. Moreover, materials, detection principles and fabrication methods for textile-based wearable biosensors are introduced. In addition, the applications of biosensors in monitoring vital signs and detecting body fluids are also presented. Finally, we also discuss several challenges faced by textile-based wearable biosensors and the direction of future development.
Sensitivity Equalization and Dynamic Range Expansion with Multiple Optofluidic Microbubble Resonator Sensors
Authors: Wang Ye , Zhao Xuyang , Liu Liying , Wu Xiang , Xu Lei
Published: September 2023

A novel multi-optofluidic microbubble resonator (OMBR) sensitivity equalization method is presented that equalizes the sensing signal from different OMBRs. The method relies on the fact that the ratio of the wavelength shifts to the bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) does not depend on the physical dimensions of the OMBR. The proof of concept is experimentally validated and the sensing signals from individual OMBRs can be directly compared. Furthermore, a wide dynamic range of sensing with favorable consistency and repeatability is achieved by piecing together signals from 20 OMBRs for HIV-1 p24 antigen detection from 50 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL (2.1 fM to 4.2 nM), indicating significant potential for practical applications, such as in drug screening and disease diagnosis.
The Role of Bone-Anchored Hearing Devices and Remote Microphones in Children with Congenital Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Lazzerini Francesco , Bruschini Luca , Fiacchini Giacomo , Canzi Pietro , Berrettini Stefano , Forli Francesca
Published: September 2023

Congenital unilateral hearing loss (UHL) represents a contemporary audiologic challenge. Children with UHL can struggle with understanding speech in noise, localizing sounds, developing language, and maintaining academic performance, leading to low self-esteem, anxiety, and decreased social support. Two specific conditions related to UHL in children are single-sided deafness (SSD) and unilateral auris atresia (UAA). This was a retrospective observational study on a group of children with UHL. The Simplified Italian Matrix Sentence Test was used for the assessment of speech reception threshold (SRT) in different conditions: speech and noise from the front (S0N0), speech at 45° from the side of the better ear and noise at 45° from the opposite side (SbNw), and vice versa (SwNb). Each test was conducted unaided, with a bone-anchored hearing device (BAHD), and with a remote microphone (RM) system. The use of a BAHD and RM led to an improvement in SRT in S0N0 and SwNb conditions. The SSD subgroup demonstrated significant benefits with both devices in SwNb, and the UAA subgroup from the use of BAHD in S0N0. In conclusion, the study underscores the potential benefits of both devices in enhancing speech perception for UHL children, providing insights into effective intervention strategies for these challenging cases.
Shame Memory’s Impact on Depression among Junior Middle School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Yu Xinxin , Pan Yijing , Ouyang Jiaojun , Sun Peizhen
Published: September 2023

(1) Objective: While recent studies have shed light on the effects of shame memories on mental well-being, there is still limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking shame memories and depression. Based on the biopsychosocial model and cognitive therapy theory, this study examined the association between shame memory and depression and the indirect role of emotion management and self-criticism. (2) Methods: A total of 1004 junior high school students were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the event impact scale, the self-criticism scale of the depressive experiences questionnaire, and the emotional intelligence scale. (3) Results: Shame memory had a significant positive correlation with depression. The relationship between shame memory and depression was partially mediated by self-criticism. Emotional management was found to regulate the latter half of the mediating effect of shame memory on depression. (4) Conclusions: Self-criticism plays a mediating role in the relationship between shame memory and depression, as well as emotion management plays a moderating role between self-criticism and depression. This perspective will contribute to the growing body of knowledge about the impact of shame memories on depression among junior high school children but also offers a feasible plan for follow-up intervention.
Concrete Modification for Hot Weather Using Crushed Dolomite Stone
Authors: Samchenko Svetlana V. , Larsen Oksana A. , Kozlova Irina V. , Alpackiy Dmitriy G. , Alobaidi Dheyaa A. N.
Published: September 2023

Crushed dolomite stone can be used as a part of concrete for hot weather. Fine dolomite as a filler is not commonly included in Portland cement. In this paper, the properties of a blended binder based on Portland cement and dolomite filler are presented. Dolomite filler was obtained from dust grains by mechanical activation in a laboratory ball mill to increase the specific surface area and its chemical activity. It is shown that the impact of mechanical activation allows to obtain dolomite filler with a median particle size of 1.4 μm and a specific surface area of 639.9 m2/kg. The content of dolomite filler in Portland cement was 10, 30 and 50%. The main properties of blended cements, i.e., the standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, average density, and drying shrinkage, were determined on pastes. The mineralogical composition of the hydrated pastes was determined by XRD at 28 days. The presence of dolomite filler at levels higher than 10% decreases the compressive strength of blended cements. The dolomite filler decreases the water demand, shortens the setting time, and mitigates the development of drying shrinkage in the blended binder. To prevent concrete cracking, the application of dolomite filler in blended cement is relevant in hot weather due to its reduced drying shrinkage.
Research on the Distributive Relationship between Bond Force and Bearing Pressure for Anchorage Force by Headed Bars
Authors: Miao Tianming , Yang Jian , Zhou Ying , Zhan Meiqiu , Sha Lirong , Zheng Wenzhong
Published: September 2023

Anchorage force comprises bond force and bearing pressure when headed bars are used. Pull-out tests were conducted on 120 concrete specimens to derive a method for calculating the bond force for reinforcement in straight anchor sections at the yield moment. The parameters include the diameter d, embedded length lae, and yield strength fy of the reinforcement, as well as the strength grade of the concrete fcg. The experimental results indicated that the specimens underwent three failure modes depending primarily on the embedded length lae. The nominal average bond stress τu concept was proposed and the difference between τu and the actual average bond stress τ caused by the headed bars was observed. To reduce the difference between the τu and τ values, the correction coefficient γ was proposed. Analysis indicated that γ increased with an increase in the lae/d (on average, 146% higher than the initial value) and decreased with an increase in the fy/ft (on average, 33% less than the initial value). A formula was developed to calculate γ, and the bond force in the straight anchor sections at the yield moment for the reinforcement was determined. Thus, a distributive relationship was established for the anchorage force, the bond force, and the bearing pressure.
20th Century Mortars: Physical and Mechanical Properties from Awarded Buildings in Lisbon (Portugal)—Studies towards Their Conservation and Repair
Authors: Almeida Luís , Santos Silva António , Veiga Rosário , Mirão José
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the study of renders and plasters’ physical and mechanical characteristics from selected buildings awarded during the 20th century with a renowned architectural prize in Lisbon, Portugal. The characterisation was done to understand mortars’ physical and mechanical properties and their evolution during the 20th century. These characteristics will also help determine compatibility requirements for future conservation and restoration interventions. Since these buildings have a heritage great interest status, the need to preserve them is a paramount issue. Fifty-three samples from nine case studies were studied via capillary water absorption, drying rates, open porosity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength. There were limitations in sample collection due to the buildings being in service and technical constraints regarding sample quantity for testing and separating layers of the multi-layer mortar system. Nevertheless, the results showed different ranges of quantitative values for these tests, whether the mortars were lime, gypsum, cement-based or had lime–cement blended formulations.