bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual and community-level determinants of skilled birth attendant delivery in Ethiopia; multilevel analysis
Authors: Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Assefa Kibir Temesgen , Desalegn Selam Yibeltal , Mesele Tiruye Tilahun , Anteneh Tazeb Alemu , Tibebu Nebiyu Solomon , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Skilled birth attendant (SBA) delivery is defined as assisting birth by a trained healthcare provider, which is vital for the health of mothers and newborns. Improving maternal health is one of the world health organization’s (WHO) key priorities and skilled birth attendant delivery is one of the four pillars of the initiative for safe motherhood to reduce maternal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the individual and community-level factors associated with SBA delivery in Ethiopia.

Method

A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 Mini Ethiopian demographic and health survey. A total of 5,527 (weighted) live births were included in the analysis. A multi-level logistic regression model was fitted using Stata 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors associated with SBA delivery. Finally, AOR with 95% CI and random effects were reported.

Result

In this study after fitting a multilevel model, women with poor (AOR = 0.44 95%CI 0.32–0.61) and middle wealth index (AOR = 0.64;95% CI 0.46–0.87), multipara (AOR = 0.39;95% CI 0.28–0.55) and grand multipara (AOR = 0.46;95% CI 0.29–0.72), women from rural areas (AOR = 0.34;95% CI 0.16–0.72) and high community poverty level (AOR = 0.40;95% CI 0.21–0.76) had decreased odds of having SBA delivery. Whereas those who initiated Antenatal care (ANC) visits in the first trimester (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.52–4.65) and second trimester (AOR = 1.87:95%CI 1.09–3.20) had increased odds of having SBA delivery in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

In this study socioeconomic factors like wealth index, parity, the timing of ANC visits, place of residency, and community poverty level were significantly associated with SBA delivery. Therefore, it is better to increase timely ANC initiation particularly for women with low levels of income to improve skilled birth attendant delivery.
Adaptation for Screenwriters, Robert Edgar and John Marland (2019)
Authors: Holland Peyton
Published: August 2023

Review of: Adaptation for Screenwriters, Robert Edgar and John Marland (2019)

New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 275 pp.,

ISBN: 1350036676 (pbk), $26.95, ISBN: 1350036673 (ebk), $24.25
Post-Fordist Cinema: Hollywood Auteurs and the Corporate Counterculture, Jeff Menne (2019)
Authors: Wells Logan
Published: August 2023

Review of: Post-Fordist Cinema: Hollywood Auteurs and the Corporate Counterculture, Jeff Menne (2019)

New York: Columbia University Press, 272 pp.,

ISBN: 9780231183710 (pbk), $32.00, ISBN: 9780231183703 (hbk), $105.00, ISBN: 9780231545082 (ebk), $31.99
Ode to Valley Girl (1983)
Authors: Fergusson Emma
Published: August 2023

Review of: Ode to Valley Girl (1983)

Valley Girl (1983)

USA

Director Martha Coolidge

Runtime 99 minutes
Beasts of No Nation Asks, Can War Be Beautiful?
Authors: Clark Cole
Published: August 2023

Review of: Beasts of No Nation Asks, Can War Be Beautiful?

Beasts of No Nation (2015)

USA

Director Cary Joji Fukunaga

Runtime 138 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2021

Distributed by The Criterion Collection

(region A/1)
The Furies (1950)
Authors: Scipione Matthew
Published: August 2023

Review of: The Furies (1950)

USA

Directed by Anthony Mann

Runtime 109 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2021

Distributed by The Criterion Collection

(region A/1)
Characterization of the developing axolotl nasal cavity supports multiple evolution of the vertebrate choana
Authors: Chami Batoul , Bates Bella , Shaheen Luke , Abramyan John
Published: August 2023

All tetrapods (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians) share the ability to breathe with their mouths closed due to the formation of choanae, which are openings that allow communication between the nasal and oral cavities. In most fishes, the nasal cavities serve a strictly olfactory function, possessing incurrent and excurrent nares that lie outside of the mouth and therefore, never communicate with the respiratory system. It is not until the evolution of tetrapods, in which the nasal cavities consistently open into the mouth, that they are used both for olfaction and for respiration. However, this developmental transition is poorly understood, with no consensus on the evolutionary origin of the choana in various groups despite decades of debate. Here, we use high-contrast 3D imaging in conjunction with histology and apoptotic cell analysis in non-mineralized embryonic tissues to study the formation of the choana in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), an aquatic salamander species. We show that the axolotl choana forms from an extension of the embryonic nasal sac, which pushes through intervening mesenchyme and connects with the palate epithelium of the oral cavity, eventually breaking through. This mechanism differs from caecilians, mammals and reptiles, where fusion across a bucconasal groove plays an active role in choana formation. Nevertheless, caecilians, mammals and axolotls converge on the development of a transient epithelial tissue that has to break down in order to develop a patent choana, adding another twist to the intriguing arguments on the evolutionary history of the choana.
Gender Talk
Authors: Hopper Robert
Published: August 2023

Men and women are not from separate planets. Making an original and significant argument, Gendering Talk puts gendered communication in perspective by showing that the problem with male/female communication is not how men and women talk to each other, but in how they listen. By closely examining the details of actual conversations between women and men—particularly the conversations of people “coupling”—Hopper draws on theories of arousal, relationship development, and play to trace the ways in which romantic couplings begin. Gendering Talk provides an engaging, highly entertaining, and far-reaching analysis of the ways in which people actively gender their talk, each other, and the social world. From the children’s game “Farmer in the Dell” to excerpts from classic and modern literature, and the media Hopper convincingly argues that talk between women and men is more alike than different.
Quantum computing in automated invoice factoring control systems
Authors: Boryaev Rodion O. , Chuvakov Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to describe existing approaches to automation in enterprise management systems of invoice factoring operations. The relevance of this problem is estimated by the volume and dynamics of growth of the invoice factoring market in the Russian Federation. The existing performance problems inherent in software built on the basis of classical algorithms are considered, and their optimization by using quantum algorithms is proposed. Attention is focused on the problem of parallel computing as the main feature, which allows to achieve a significant increase in computing power. Possible way of solution, based on the joint use of quantum and classical approach within one software complex is given. Application of quantum Monte Carlo method for the purpose of improvement of the automated information system of the enterprise is described. The received result allows to draw a conclusion about perspective of use of the given technique for construction of the combined quantum and classical algorithms in systems of management of factoring operations.
The Use and Abuse of History
Authors: Maghdid Botan T.
Published: August 2023

This research attempts to explore the dynamic relationships between writing the ancient history of Iraq and political discourse, focusing on academic publications in Iraq between 2003 and 2014. These publications created images of the enemy through transhistorical narratives, providing "evidence from the past" to justify aggression against certain communities and neighbouring countries. The study uses Stein's definition of enemy images and Ofer Zur's model of creating enemy images to examine the role of Iraqi historiography in shaping political discourse.
The research argues that the peaceful coexistence between Iraqi communities depends not only on political actors but also on the response of the academic community to power. By addressing distorted historical images of "Others," Iraqi historians can play a role in promoting peaceful coexistence between communities. The study highlights the importance of challenging politically motivated enemification of certain communities, which lack evidence from history.
The research reveals a strong connection between the representations of the Persian, Jews, and Christians by the Baʿthist regime and those found in Iraqi academic publications after the regime's collapse. The study highlights the need for Iraqi historians to re-examine their relationship with power and to avoid disseminating politically motivated narratives that distort historical facts.
Thus, this research emphasizes the importance of examining the role of historical narratives in shaping political discourse and promoting peaceful coexistence between communities. Iraqi historians have a crucial role to play in challenging distorted historical images of "Others" and promoting a more accurate and inclusive understanding of history.
Drawing a Demarcation Line between Two Overlapping Colloquial Elements
Authors: Fattah Bikhtiyar O. , Salih Salah M.
Published: August 2023

The overlap between idioms and clichés is one of the problematic meaning issues.  This overlap can simply be detected in online as well as academic sources. The existence of the overlap between idioms and clichés springs from the absence of a model that can work out some demarcation boundary between them. The present study aims at drawing a demarcation line between these two essential colloquial elements by resorting to linguistic features, contextual functions, nature of community of practice based on interlocutors’ relationship, and the degree of informality to fulfill this purpose. This study makes use of a qualitative approach to carry out the process of analysis based on a model designed to assist the procedures of determining the features of each element. With reference to data, the analysed idioms and clichés have been extracted from 20 discourses (10 written texts and 10 recorded interactions) of 10 different topics.
          The most significant concluding points come in three angles: structure (an idiom is mostly a part of a meaningful statement, whereas a cliché is mostly a full meaningful statement by itself); function (idioms are usually used for three different purposes: emphasis, creativity, and persuasiveness, whereas clichés are used either to simplify the idea or to state an idea without exerting any effort by making use of overused statements and common ritualized expressions); and formality ( Idioms are detected in less informal discourses compared to clichés).
Collective leadership: A catalyst for school improvement
Authors: Eckert Jonathan , Morgan Grant
Published: August 2023

Collective leadership of teachers and administrators can be a vehicle for catalyzing school improvement. In chemistry, a catalyst is any substance that increases the rate of reaction without itself being consumed. Leadership that accelerates good work without using up the leader is increasingly necessary. We identified schools that demonstrated exemplary Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical (STEM) learning. Using a theoretical model of collective leadership development, we conducted a multiple-case study to identify common themes that provided insight into school improvement. We surveyed STEM leaders (n=113), conducted interviews and focus groups with teachers (n=52) and administrators (n=18), and conducted site visits to five schools. We found seven implications for policymakers: 1) enact policies that support site-based leadership; 2) implement professional learning of teachers and administrators together on work related to shared goals; 3) support peer observation and feedback; 4) provide opportunities for administrators, teachers, and students to design flexible schedules that support cross-curricular STEM connections; 5) develop public/private partnerships that can provide expertise and materials; 6) create opportunities for educators and students to make their work public; 7) engage school-based teams in iterative improvement cycles that rely on collection of observable evidence of improvement using engineering and design principles.
Tributos y responsabilidad patrimonial del estado legislador tras la STJUE de 28 de junio de 2022. Criterios del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Sánchez Pedroche J. Andrés
Published: August 2023

Doctrina reciente del Tribunal Supremo sobre solicitudes de los contribuyentes por responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado legislador como consecuencia de la violación del Derecho de la Unión Europea.
La brecha digital, un reto pendiente para la Administración Tributaria
Authors: Gil Rodríguez Isabel
Published: August 2023

El alto nivel tecnológico adquirido por la Administración Tributaria y su reconocimiento en foros y documentos internacionales contrasta con los escasos conocimientos digitales de un amplio sector de la población. Existe un gran número de sujetos que no se puede conectar a internet y/o que no maneja con soltura las herramientas digitales no pudiendo rentabilizar, por tanto, las ventajas que proporcionan las TIC en las distintas y muy variadas aplicaciones telemáticas. Se han establecido algunas medidas para atemperar los efectos de la brecha digital, cuya completa ejecución, sin embargo, requerirá aún del transcurso de unos cuantos años. Se requiere un proceso de adaptación a las TIC más lento que el que se está implementando, difícil de asimilar para un amplio grupo de sujetos sometidos, muy a su pesar, a la dictadura digital de la Administración Tributaria.
La retroactividad de la norma tributaria y sus efectos sobre la prescripción ganada
Authors: García Caracuel María
Published: August 2023

La sentencia de la Gran Sala del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, Vegotex Internacional SA c. Bélgica, de 3 de noviembre de 2022, admite la retroactividad de la ley que regula los supuestos de prescripción de la deuda tributaria, a favor de la Administración, amparándose en motivos de imperioso interés general como la seguridad jurídica y la lucha contra el fraude fiscal grave.
Acreditación de residencia fiscal a efectos de un CDI y criterio de intereses económicos en el IRPF. Análisis de la resolución del TEAC de 23 de febrero de 2023 (procedimiento 4549-2020)
Authors: Gómez Requena José Ángel
Published: August 2023

El presente comentario aborda el estudio de la Resolución del TEAC de 23 de febrero de 2023, la cual desestima la reclamación interpuesta por una persona física sobre la devolución de las retenciones soportadas en 2018 mediante el modelo 210 del IRNR 2018. Los principales argumentos de la Resolución son los siguientes. En primer lugar, es preciso acreditar la residencia fiscal en otro país para solicitar la aplicación de un CDI entre España y ese Estado mediante un certificado de residencia fiscal a los efectos del Convenio, no bastando una mera declaración unilateral de residencia. Y, en segundo lugar, el reclamante tuvo su centro de intereses económicos en España en el año 2018 por concurrir diversos elementos de índole económica (percepción de rendimientos del trabajo de fuente española, cotización a la Seguridad Social española, titularidad de inmueble y cuentas bancarias en España y contratos de suministros).
La cantidad excedentaria no puede suscitar una declaración rectificativa, … aunque debiera. Análisis de la STJUE de 8 de junio de 2023, ZZE, asunto C-640/21
Authors: Suberbiola Garbizu Irune
Published: August 2023

La STJUE examinada analiza una petición de decisión prejudicial sobre los artículos 173 y 174 del Reglamento (UE) n.º 952/2013 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 9 de octubre de 2013, en concreto, sobre si deben interpretarse en el sentido de que son aplicables cuando el declarante compruebe, tras haber presentado su declaración en la Aduana y haberse realizado la concesión del levante, que existe una excedente de la mercancía importada que también debería haber sido objeto de dicha declaración. Al respecto, el Tribunal sentencia que en tales casos procede realizar una nueva declaración por la cantidad excedentaria, al tiempo que instituye que si tal declaración (extemporánea) sustancia una sanción de conformidad con el artículo 42 del mismo reglamento, deberá tenerse en cuenta, si procede, la buena fe del declarante, con el fin de garantizar que sea efectiva, proporcionada y disuasoria.
La comprobación de valores de inmuebles: Análisis de la STS 75/2023, de 23 de enero de 2023 (REC. 1381/2021)
Authors: Navarro García Albert
Published: August 2023

La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 23 de enero de 2023 (recurso núm. 1381/2021), marca un hito significativo al consolidar la jurisprudencia existente en relación con la comprobación de valores, de acuerdo con el artículo 57.1 de la Ley 58/2003, General Tributaria. Esta sentencia afirma que, en los casos en los que se lleva a cabo la comprobación de valores utilizando alguno de los métodos previstos en la normativa, la Administración, en este caso la autonómica, tiene la obligación de proporcionar una motivación clara y precisa en la comunicación de inicio de un procedimiento de comprobación de valores en relación con el ITPyAJD. En este sentido, la Administración debe incluir en dicha comunicación las razones que justifican la realización de la comprobación de valores, independientemente de la forma en que se haya iniciado el procedimiento de comprobación, así como el medio de comprobación utilizado. Especifica además que la Administración debe señalar de manera expresa la causa de la discrepancia entre el valor declarado en la autoliquidación y el valor real, proporcionando indicios que respalden la existencia de una falta de concordancia entre ambos. Por su parte, el análisis se extiende al posible impacto de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo en la aplicación del valor de referencia.
Vielartige Kompliz*innen – posthumane "Partners in Crime" bei Olga Tokarczuk und Saša Stanišić
Authors: Heyer Marlis
Published: August 2023

Um über Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und mehr-als-menschlichen Anderen nachzudenken, sind post-anthropozentrische Werkzeuge nötig. Alternative Modelle von Kollektivität müssen von vornherein auf heterogene Akteur*innen ausgelegt sein, um den interspezifischen Verwobenheiten und Interdependenzen unserer postmodernen Welt gerecht zu werden. In Saša Stanišićs Erzählung Fallensteller und in Olga Tokarczuks Roman Der Gesang der Fledermäuse gehen menschliche und mehr-als-menschliche Protagonist*innen außergewöhnliche Beziehungen miteinander ein. Diese werden hier unter Zuhilfenahme von Gesa Ziemers Theorie zu Kompliz*innenschaft als Multispecies-Kompliz*innenschaften analysiert. Dieser neue Blick auf mehr-als-menschliche Zusammenarbeit soll über die Literaturwissenschaft hinaus die Möglichkeit bieten, vielartige Kollektive zu erforschen.
„More human than human?“ Eine vergleichende Analyse zur Cyborg-Figur und Leib-Seele-Dichotomie in den Filmen „Blade Runner (1982)“ und ”Blade Runner 2049 (2017)”
Authors: Yu Shiqi
Published: August 2023

Aus einer doppelten Dezentrierung wird das posthumane Subjekt als Alternative zum traditionellen Subjekt verstanden, welches seit der Aufklärung als liberal-humanistisches Subjekt (d.h. rational und autonom) definiert wird, und muss nicht nur den Anthropozentrismus beseitigen, sondern sich auch von der individualisierten, auf das Bewusstsein zentrierten Sicht des Subjekts lösen. In den zwei ausgewählten dystopischen Science-Fiction-Filmen Blade Runner (1982) und Blade Runner 2049 (2017) wird die aus Donna Haraways Manifest stammende Figur des Cyborgs behandelt und als neue Deutungsmöglichkeit von der menschlichen Existenz betrachtet. Die mediale Adaption des Posthuman-Motivs macht den Körper selbst zum Grenzgänger und ermöglicht das Auflösen der Grenzen. Unter Fokussierung der filmischen Darstellung der Menschmaschinen und Maschinenmenschen, soll die Verflechtung von Mensch, Technik und Geschlecht, sowie das existentielle Dilemma analysiert werden, da die Frage letztendlich auf eine filmische Inszenierung von Dualismus der unsterblichen Seele und des unfruchtbaren Körpers (Reproduktion des Cyborg-Körpers) rekurriert.
A Compendium of Official Correspondence from Seleucid Uruk
Authors: Monerie Julien , Clancier Philippe
Published: August 2023

YOS 20, 87 is a scholarly cuneiform tablet from Hellenistic Uruk. The study of its unusual content shows that it is an Akkadian translation of a collection of Greek official documents issued by the Seleucid administration in the first quarter of the third century BC, concerning the rebuilding of the Bīt Rēš, the main sanctuary of Uruk at the time. These works, which had been recognized on the ground by archaeologists a long time ago, remained unattested until now in the textual records. YOS 20, 87 therefore significantly enhances our understanding of the temple’s history and provides a valuable addition to the dossier of Seleucid euergetic policy in Babylonia.
Stories from a Dusty Basement: A Conversation with Richard Conyngham on All Rise: Resistance and Rebellion in South Africa (1910–1948) – A Graphic History
Authors: Etges Andreas
Published: August 2023

While the story of apartheid in South Africa is quite well known, the pre-apartheid “Union years” have been much less researched. All Rise: Resistance and Rebellion in South Africa (1910–1948) – A Graphic History brings six stories from that period to life. In this conversation with International Public History, Richard Conyngham reflects on the primary research that began in a dusty court archive, the creative process involved in writing and illustrating the six stories together with seven South African graphic artists, the enduring relevance of the stories, and the graphic history medium.
Spatial Histories: Geography, Memory, and Alternative Narratives of the Iranian Revolution of 1979
Authors: Masoumi Azar , Ghorbani Ronak
Published: August 2023

In distinction from the overwhelming tendency to conceive history primarily in terms of its temporal chronologies, this paper considers the spatiality of history and historical memory. Engaging with seven Oral History interviews with diasporic Iranians in Toronto on the Iranian Revolution of 1979, we show that narratives of historical events are deeply shaped by the geographical location of narrators: those emplaced in differing geographical locations at the time of the Revolution not only remember disparate events, but also associate distinct temporal points with the Revolution. For instance, while those remembering the Revolution from the capital city of Tehran produce narratives that closely align with the official historiography of the Revolution (such as in recounting street protests and the culmination of the Revolution on February 11th, 1979), others remember events and dates that are only peripheral to official accounts (such as the arson at Cinema Rex on August 19th, 1978, or the hostage crisis that lasted from November 4th, 1979 to January 28th, 1980). In other words, both the content of memories (what narrators remember) and their temporal associations (which dates narrators recall) are informed by the embodied geography of memories. Hence, those whose geographical locations diverge from the largely capital-focused vantage point of official histographies produce narratives that diverge from these accounts. In short, geography and embodied emplacement are central to historical narrative, whether authoritative or narrated form geographical margins.
The Death of “Woke” Culture: How Florida’s Attack on Progressive Policies has Created a History Curriculum that Indoctrinates the Youth
Authors: Thurlow Katherine
Published: August 2023

In the United States, state governments determine laws and policies regarding public education, creating disparities in content and standards across the country. Several conservative states, including Florida, have moved political battles into the classroom by pushing their own agendas into history curricula. Fears amongst Republican lawmakers and their constituents about progressive “woke” culture has been the foundation of attacks against equity and diversity, creating massive holes in what is allowed to be taught to students. In a state where educational decisions are chosen by right-wing political figures and parents, as opposed to the educators themselves, the future generations are being taught a whitewashed, simplified history that steers clear of complex conversations about race, sexuality, and other sensitive difficult historical topics that could potentially cause white students to feel guilty about the past of their country. As a result, the efforts of the conservative party to destroy the perceived “woke” threat from the left has instead created a system of historical manipulation that is indoctrinating the youth in classrooms to believe incomplete, sometimes falsified history that furthers a prejudiced and discriminatory society.
Public Debates, Public History, and School History Curricula: The Greek Case
Authors: Gatsotis Panayotis
Published: August 2023

Public debates about school history curricula meet the interests of public historians and educators in many different ways because they raise questions such as: “What history or whose history do we teach in schools?” “How can we make school history more public?” “How can the school history subject move toward a critical consumption and production of public representations of the historical past?” The withdrawal of the 2018–2019 history curricula in Greece and their replacement in 2021 with the updated history curricula of 2015, added another link in the long chain of educational reform and counter-reform in Greece, and demonstrated, once again, the close relationship between school history and public education policy. Moreover, in the Greek case, the revealing comparison between the withdrawn history curricula and those that replaced them brings to the fore the ways in which public history approaches can significantly contribute to the meaningful engagement of pupils in school history and, more generally, to an open, flexible, learning-centered, and inclusive education.
Study on the regularity of Se(IV) adsorption by bentonite from different regions
Authors: Jiang Qifeng , Liu Weigang , Liao Yuxin , Li Haonan , Li Junhan , Feng Jiahui , Zhang Zimin , Sun Yuzhen , Chen Yuxin , Guo Jiachen , Su Xuebin , Hua Rong
Published: August 2023

Bentonite exhibits obvious geological characteristics in different areas, and its chemical composition varies. To investigate the impact of these variations on the adsorption of Se(IV), the chemical structures and elemental contents of three types of bentonites were characterized using FTIR and XRF. By conducting a series of experiments and fitting the results with the kinetic adsorption model and the isothermal adsorption model, it was discovered that bentonite exhibits diverse adsorption modes for Se(IV). In acidic environments, the adsorption mode primarily involves forming an outer-sphere complex, whereas in neutral and alkaline environments, the primary mode is to form an inner-sphere complex. Zhi-Shin bentonite, which has low alumina content and high iron oxide content, demonstrates poor adsorption effectiveness on Se(IV) at low temperatures (less than 45 °C), but exhibits good adsorption effectiveness at high temperatures (more than 50 °C). Conversely, bentonite with high alumina content and low iron oxide content demonstrates the opposite effect. Furthermore, for bentonite with high iron oxide content, Se(IV) will form more inner-sphere complexes with iron oxide, and the adsorption behavior is not easily affected by changes in ionic strength and pH.
General Randić indices of a graph and its line graph
Authors: Liang Yan , Wu Baoyindureng
Published: August 2023

For a real number

α

\alpha

, the general Randić index of a graph

G

G

, denoted by

R

α

(

G

)

{R}_{\alpha }\left(G)

, is defined as the sum of

(

d

(

u

)

d

(

v

)

)

α

{\left(d\left(u)d\left(v))}^{\alpha }

for all edges

u
v

uv

of

G

G

, where

d

(

u

)

d\left(u)

denotes the degree of a vertex

u

u

in

G

G

. In particular,

R

−

1

2

(

G

)

{R}_{-\tfrac{1}{2}}\left(G)

is the ordinary Randić index, and is simply denoted by

R

(

G

)

R\left(G)

. Let

α

\alpha

be a real number. In this article, we show that

(1)

if

α
≥
0

\alpha \ge 0

,

R

α

(

L

(

G

)

)

≥
2

R

α

(

G

)

{R}_{\alpha }\left(L\left(G))\ge 2{R}_{\alpha }\left(G)

for any graph

G

G

with

δ

(

G

)

≥
3

\delta \left(G)\ge 3

;

(2)

if

α
≥
0

\alpha \ge 0

,

R

α

(

L

(

G

)

)

≥

R

α

(

G

)

{R}_{\alpha }\left(L\left(G))\ge {R}_{\alpha }\left(G)

for any connected graph

G

G

which is not isomorphic to

P

n

{P}_{n}

;

(3)

if

α
<
0

\alpha \lt 0

,

R

α

(

L

(

G

)

)

≥

R

α

(

G

)

{R}_{\alpha }\left(L\left(G))\ge {R}_{\alpha }\left(G)

for any

k

k

-regular graph

G

G

with

k
≥

2

−
2
α

+
1

k\ge {2}^{-2\alpha }+1

;

(4)

R

(

L

(

S

(

G

)

)

)

≥
R

(

S

(

G

)

)

R\left(L\left(S\left(G)))\ge R\left(S\left(G))

for any graph

G

G

with

δ

(

G

)

≥
3

\delta \left(G)\ge 3

, where

S

(

G

)

S\left(G)

is the graph obtained from

G

G

by inserting exactly one vertex into each edge.
Stem cell-derived embryo models: a frontier of human embryology
Authors: Kobayashi Norio , Fu Jianping
Published: August 2023

Studying human development remains difficult due to limited accessibility to human embryonic tissues. Prompted by the availability of human stem cells that share molecular and cellular similarities with embryonic and extraembryonic cells in peri-implantation human embryos, researchers have now successfully developed stem cell-based human embryo models that are promising as experimental tools for studying early human development. In this Perspective, we discuss the current progress in mouse and human stem cell-derived embryo models and highlight their promising applications in advancing the fundamental understanding of mammalian development.
Collapse of a honeycomb sandwich composite in an aircraft radome
Authors: Gao Junfu , Zhou Chunping , Ding Ning , Ma Weijie , Liu Long , Xu Huixia , Hou Nan
Published: August 2023

Honeycomb sandwich composites play an important role in the aviation structural components, especially in aircraft radomes. Due to the multiple production processes, failure of the honeycomb sandwich composite usually occurs. This would affect the working stability of mechanical components made mainly of the honeycomb structural materials. In the present work, collapse failure of the honeycomb sandwich composite in an aircraft radome was investigated. The observation and analysis results show that the failure mode of the honeycomb structure is compression instability failure. There are a lot of pore defects in some local bonding areas of the honeycomb structure, forming a weak bonding area. In the process of curing and pressurization, debonding occurs at the adjacent honeycomb cells near the weak bonding area, forming a cracking band and resulting in the decrease of the stiffness and the instability failure under pressure. The work would provide reference information for the application of honeycomb sandwich composites in mechanical equipment.
Learning flat optics for extended depth of field microscopy imaging
Authors: Atalay Appak Ipek Anil , Sahin Erdem , Guillemot Christine , Caglayan Humeyra
Published: August 2023

Conventional microscopy systems have limited depth of field, which often necessitates depth scanning techniques hindered by light scattering. Various techniques have been developed to address this challenge, but they have limited extended depth of field (EDOF) capabilities. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes an end-to-end optimization framework for building a computational EDOF microscope that combines a 4f microscopy optical setup incorporating learned optics at the Fourier plane and a post-processing deblurring neural network. Utilizing the end-to-end differentiable model, we present a systematic design methodology for computational EDOF microscopy based on the specific visualization requirements of the sample under examination. In particular, we demonstrate that the metasurface optics provides key advantages for extreme EDOF imaging conditions, where the extended DOF range is well beyond what is demonstrated in state of the art, achieving superior EDOF performance.
Asymmetric metasurface photodetectors for single-shot quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Liu Jianing , Wang Hao , Li Yuyu , Tian Lei , Paiella Roberto
Published: August 2023

The visualization of pure phase objects by wavefront sensing has important applications ranging from surface profiling to biomedical microscopy, and generally requires bulky and complicated setups involving optical spatial filtering, interferometry, or structured illumination. Here we introduce a new type of image sensors that are uniquely sensitive to the local direction of light propagation, based on standard photodetectors coated with a specially designed plasmonic metasurface that creates an asymmetric dependence of responsivity on angle of incidence around the surface normal. The metasurface design, fabrication, and angle-sensitive operation are demonstrated using a simple photoconductive detector platform. The measurement results, combined with computational imaging calculations, are then used to show that a standard camera or microscope based on these metasurface pixels can directly visualize phase objects without any additional optical elements, with state-of-the-art minimum detectable phase contrasts below 10 mrad. Furthermore, the combination of sensors with equal and opposite angular response on the same pixel array can be used to perform quantitative phase imaging in a single shot, with a customized reconstruction algorithm which is also developed in this work. By virtue of its system miniaturization and measurement simplicity, the phase imaging approach enabled by these devices is particularly significant for applications involving space-constrained and portable setups (such as point-of-care imaging and endoscopy) and measurements involving freely moving objects.
Impacts and mechanisms of PM2.5 on bone
Authors: Tian Yuqing , Hu Yunpeng , Hou Xiaoli , Tian Faming
Published: August 2023

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, which is characterized by a decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fracture. The main pathological process of osteoporosis is the dynamic imbalance between bone absorption and bone formation, which can be caused by various factors such as air pollution. Particulate matter (PM)2.5 refers to the fine particles in the atmosphere, which are small in volume and large in specific surface area. These particles are prone to carrying toxic substances and have negative effects on several extrapulmonary organs, including bones. In this review, we present relevant data from studies, which show that PM2.5 is associated with abnormal bone turnover and osteoporosis. PM2.5 may cause or aggravate bone loss by stimulating an inflammatory response, inducing oxidative damage, reducing estrogen efficiency by competitive binding to estrogen receptors, or endocrine disorder mediated by binding with aromatic hydrocarbon receptors, and affecting the synthesis of vitamin D to reduce calcium absorption. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are also summarized in this review.
Hydration and Mechanical Property of the Coral Powder-Fly Ash-Portland Cement Ternary System
Authors: Lu Tao , Fang Jinfu , Yu Zhuqing , Xue Qingzong
Published: August 2023

Many concrete materials are required during ongoing construction in islands and reefs. Using local material is one of the effective methods to solve the shortage of raw materials and save energy. It is proved that coral powder (CP) can be used to replace portland cement (PC) partially and cast concrete, but the excessive use of CP will lead to the loss of strength. In order to ensure the strength of the cement-based materials and utilize more CP, fly ash (FA) is introduced into the whole system in this study, aiming to improve the later strength by the pozzolanic reaction of FA. The hydration behavior and hydration products for the CP-FA-PC ternary system are investigated by using a hydration calorimeter and the X-ray diffraction technique. The mechanical properties of this ternary system with time are evaluated by measuring the compressive strength of PC mortar mixed with CP and FA. The obtained results show that the reaction of CP is a very slow and long-term process. CP reacts with hydrated calcium aluminate more easily than with tricalcium aluminate. The loss of strength of cement mortar made with CP can be mitigated by the addition of FA, especially at a later curing age. At 180 days, the compressive strength of the cement mortar with 15 % CP and 25 % FA can reach 52.5 MPa; thus, 40 % PC is saved, and carbon emission is largely reduced.
Attachment Styles and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Macneil Sasha , Roderbourg Lorelie , Orri Massimiliano , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Mcgrath Jennifer J. , Renaud Johanne , Gouin Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This meta-analysis examined the association between dimensional and categorical conceptualizations of attachment styles and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Methods: Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to examine the associations between categorical secure attachment, categorical insecure attachment, and insecure attachment dimensions and STBs. Methodological moderators were also explored. This protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020152604). Results: Systematic search for articles published by December 2020 returned 58 eligible studies and 159 cross-sectional effects. Secure attachment was inversely associated with suicidal thoughts and not associated with suicide attempts. All categorical insecure attachment styles were positively associated with suicidal thoughts. Only fearful and preoccupied attachment were associated with risk for suicide attempts. Dimensional attachment anxiety was more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts than dimensional attachment avoidance. Discussion: Overall, attachment styles characterized by high attachment anxiety were associated with greatest vulnerability to STBs. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the association between attachment insecurity and STBs.
Race and the Mental Representation of Individuals Diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Implications for Diagnosis
Authors: Stroessner Steven J. , Alt Nicholas P. , Ghisolfi Isabel , Koya Prianka D.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This research investigates the possible role of racial and gender stereotypes in diagnosing children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). ODD is diagnosed more readily in boys and Black children, although the factors producing differential diagnosis rates are unclear. The authors conducted six studies investigating the possibility that overlap between racial and gender stereotypes with ODD diagnostic criteria might contribute to gaps in its judged prevalence across groups. Method: Participants completed reverse correlation procedures to determine whether mental representations of children expected versus unexpected to be diagnosed with ODD differed in facial characteristics. Separate participants viewed these images and judged the likelihood that each person depicted had been diagnosed with ODD. Results: Classification images (CIs) showed that the children selected as having ODD appeared more prototypically Black in facial appearance than children not chosen as having ODD. No differences emerged in the gendered appearance of the two group-level CIs. Judged rates of ODD were higher for the children who appeared to be Black. However, diagnostic judgments of clinical trainees and practitioners were unaffected by appearance factors, suggesting that formal clinical training might attenuate the influence of stereotypes on judgment. Discussion: These results indicate that an overlap in Black stereotypes and diagnostic criteria for ODD might contribute to elevated diagnosis of ODD in African American children.
Using Micro-analyzing Tools to Investigate Therapist Skills in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy With Couples in a High-Conflict Relationship
Authors: Karakurt Gunnur , Katta Pranaya , Apte Sarah , Choi Jason , Doan Chi , Gole Sarin , Jordan Sara
Published: August 2023

The study focuses on the initial phase of emotionally focused therapy (EFT) and explores techniques and skills therapists employ to break and de-escalate conflictual cycles in relationships. Using micro-analysis, the researchers examined a 50-minute therapy session with a couple in a high-conflict relationship that was conducted by Dr. Susan Johnson. The research team identified and classified the therapist's skills with moment-by-moment interactional processes. A tiering system was developed to examine skills. A total of 404 therapist skills were analyzed. We observed reflecting 90 times, reframing 84 times, cycle work 56 times, validating 50 times, asking evocative questions 48 times, accessing underlying emotions 32 times, heightening emotions 28 times, and enactmentlike skills 16 times. Results showed that the therapist combined active listening methods with EFT-specific strategies such as accessing underlying emotions, highlighting emotions, tracking interactional cycles, and facilitating communication via enactments. Findings are discussed along with implications for clinical training.
Change on the North Coast
Authors: Bjelajac Victor
Published: August 2023

Victor Bjelajac, District Superintendent of the North Coast Redwoods District State Parks, tells of his efforts not only on the Madison Grant monument but also on renaming another state park and bringing Yurok and other Indigenous tribes into the park system as keepers of their ancestral lands. Bjelajac contemplates the meaning and possibilities of social justice work in government agencies. He points out, among many other things, the momentum that came to the effort to rename some parks following the George Floyd moment in American history.
Determination and Control of Seed Moisture
Authors: Hay Fiona R. , Rezaei Shabnam , Wolkis Dustin , McGill Craig
Published: August 2023

Moisture content determination is one of the most important and common assessments made on seeds. It contributes to the estimation of the value of a seed lot in commercial settings and the physiological status of seeds in research and conservation. The most common method for determining
seed moisture content is by measuring the change in weight of a sample after drying at a constant temperature for a set period of time. This, however, renders the seeds unusable for other purposes, such as viability testing. Here, we review various methods for assessing the moisture status
of seeds, including non-destructive methods. Controlling the amount of water in seeds is just as important as being able to measure the amount of water in seeds. Perhaps most notably, orthodox seeds are normally dried to low moisture content to maintain viability and vigour for longer, with
the seeds either stored in breathable containers in a dry environment or sealed in air-tight containers such that they cannot reabsorb water. However, and especially in seed research, we are sometimes interested in having seeds at an intermediate or high moisture content. Hence, in this review
we also discuss various ways to adjust the moisture content of seeds.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Based Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms
Authors: Park Jin-Seok , Jeong Seok
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) are precursors of pancreatic cancer, and the rate of their incidental detection has gradually increased recently with a reported prevalence from 2.4 to 13.5%. However, accurate diagnosis can be challenging because PCNs have morphologies ranging from benign to malignant disease, and as for other cancers, precise and timely management of premalignant PCN is essential to prevent malignant transformation. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis PCN and treatment decision-making because its imaging features predict malignant transformation. However, its performance is suboptimal, and its accuracy for differentiating mucinous pancreatic cysts and other PCNs is only 65-75%, which has increased interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI). AI has already provided tools that have improved diagnostic accuracies for many cancers, including colon, lung, and breast cancer, and recent studies have shown AI has the potential to differentiate mucinous and non-mucinous tumors and stratify the malignant potentials of PCNs. This article provides a review of the literature on EUS-based AI studies of PCNs.
Recent Update of Targeted Therapy in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Kim Dong Uk
Published: August 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the cancers with the worst prognosis. Its incidence and mortality have increased in recent years, but treatment options are limited. Although various clinical trials have been conducted, there is no effective therapeutic agent yet. As molecular genetic profiling is progressing in CCA, the interest in targeted therapies is growing. To realize targeted therapy in practice, various clinical requirements must be met. A molecular biological test should be performed on a patient’s tissue or blood, a target should be determined using an appropriate analysis method, and there should be a targeted agent. Regarding CCA, genetic variation occupies an intermediate level. Accordingly, many new agents have been recently developed for molecular biological targets. The most common genetic aberrations show almost similar patterns in intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA. However, HER2 gene amplification is more often observed in extrahepatic CCA, and FGFR2 fusion, IDH1 mutation, and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling system mutations are more frequently found in intrahepatic CCA. Phase 2 or 3 clinical trials are being conducted with zanidatamab for HER2 amplification, pemigatinib/infigratinib for FGFR fusion, ivosidenib for IDH1 mutation, and dabrafenib for BRAFV600E mutation. In addition, clinical trials for agents targeting the NTRK, BRCA, and ARID1A gene mutations are ongoing. These targeted therapies are expected to have a bright future as a new treatment for CCA.
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of Difficult Common Bile Duct Stones Using Various Interventional Techniques: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Ah Reum , Hwang Jae Chul , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Jin Hong , Yang Min Jae
Published: August 2023

Clearance of a difficult biliary stone can be obtained using various interventional techniques such as endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation, mechanical lithotripsy, peroral cholangioscopy-assisted intraductal electrohydraulic/laser lithotripsy, temporary plastic stent insertion, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. We hereby describe the successful endoscopic treatment using various currently available interventional techniques in a case with multiple difficult common bile duct stones. Furthermore, we discuss the countermeasures to overcome the hurdles of each procedure.
Artifical intelligence use in orthopedics: an ethical point of view
Authors: Kaya Bicer Elcil , Fangerau Heiner , Sur Hakki
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in orthopedics practice.

Ethical concerns have arisen alongside marked improvements and widespread utilization of AI.

Patient privacy, consent, data protection, cybersecurity, data safety and monitoring, bias, and accountability are some of the ethical concerns.