bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic assessment of the Leporinus desmotes species complex, with a description of two new species
Authors: Burns Michael D. , Chatfield Marcus , Birindelli José L. O. , Sidlauskas Brian L.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Members of the Leporinus desmotes species complex can be distinguished from other barred or banded congeners by the combination of nine distinct black bars across the head and trunk and long, pointed, laterally compressed and upward curving symphyseal dentary teeth. A taxonomic reassessment of this complex revealed two new species, one from the Orinoco and Negro rivers of Venezuela and Brazil, and the other from the Xingu and Tapajós rivers of Brazil. Both species are similar to L. desmotes and L. jatuncochi, but differ significantly in body shape morphology, coloration, and/or circumpeduncular scale counts. Genetic evidence also contributes to the recognition of both new species. This contribution also maps the geographic distribution of the four known species, and highlights the presence of an unusual meristic polymorphism within Leporinus desmotes sensu stricto that may suggest the presence of even more unrecognized diversity.
CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS E PADRÃO DE FRATURAS NO MOMENTO DO DIAGNÓSTICO DE OSTEOGÊNESE IMPERFEITA EM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Brizola Evelise , Zambrano Marina Bauer , Pinheiro Bruna de Souza , Vanz Ana Paula , Félix Têmis Maria
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar o padrão de fraturas e a história clínica no momento do diagnóstico de osteogênese imperfeita. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram incluídos todos os pacientes com osteogênese imperfeita de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 0 e 18 anos, que realizaram tratamento entre 2002 e 2014. Os prontuários médicos foram revisados para coleta de dados clínicos, incluindo presença de escleras azuladas, dentinogênese imperfeita, história familiar positiva para a doença e locais das fraturas, além de achados radiográficos no momento do diagnóstico. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes (42 do sexo feminino), com idade, no momento do diagnóstico, entre 0 e 114 meses [mediana (p25-p75) de idade de 38 (6-96) meses]. Escleras azuladas estavam presentes em 93,4% dos pacientes, dentinogênese imperfeita foi observada em 27,6% e ossos wormianos em 29,4%. O número de fraturas ao diagnóstico variou entre 0 e 17, com uma mediana de 3 (2-8) fraturas. Em 40 (57%) pacientes, as fraturas eram de membros superiores e inferiores no momento do diagnóstico e, em 9 pacientes também havia fratura vertebral. O diagnóstico foi realizado ao nascimento em 85,7% dos pacientes com o tipo 3 e em 39,3% daqueles com tipo 4/5 da doença. Conclusões: Osteogênese imperfeita é uma doença genética com características clínicas distintas, tais como fragilidade óssea, fraturas recorrentes, escleras azuladas e dentinogênese imperfeita. É importante saber identificar essas características, facilitando o diagnóstico, otimizando o tratamento e diferenciando de outras doenças que também podem causar fraturas.
Ni rara, ni extraordinaria: política y corporalidad en Eva Perón
Authors: Vázquez Karina Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Resumen Este ensayo analiza imágenes indiciales y representaciones icónicas de Eva Perón a partir de un enfoque que combina las nociones de corporalidad y afectividad con las teorías de la imagen fotográfica propuestas por WJT Mitchell, Roland Barthes y Susan Sontag. La tesis principal de este trabajo propone revisar los mitos sobre la figura de Eva Perón a partir de un análisis de su corporalidad y su relación con el imaginario pre-peronista en torno a la mujer, la política, la belleza y el consumo.
Professionalization Of Empathy And Predictors Of Helping Professionals’ Burnout
Authors: Karyagina T.D. , Kukhtova N. , Olifirovich N.I. , Shermazanyan L.G.
Published: July 2017

The article presents the results of a study of empathy in connection with the severity of symptoms of burnout among nurses. To assess empathy we used Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) by M. Davis, to measure burnout level — Maslach Burnout Test (MBT). As a result of the regression analysis of the data, the main hypothesis of the study was confirmed: it is the level of personal distress as a phenomenon of empathy dysregulation that contributes to the development of symptoms of helping professionals’ burnout. “Positive” empathic processes (perspective taking, fantasy and empathic concern) could serve as a means of burnout prevention. Personal distress is seen in its relationship with alexithymia (measured by Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS-20-R) and psychological mindedness (propensity to psychological thinking, measured by Psychological Mindedness Scale by H. Conte) as the characteris- tics that reflect emotional regulation and coping strategies. The work experience of nurses did not act as a predictor of burnout indicators.

This article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation of Hu- manities (project № 15-26-01007) and Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (project №Г15Р-028), international project “Empathy development in socionomic (“helping”) professions”.
“It’s a Trash”: Poetic Responses to the Experiences of a Mexican Egg Donor
Authors: Walmsley Heather L. , Cox Susan , Leggo Carl
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the use of found poetry as interpretive and aesthetic inquiry into the meaning and experience of reproductive tourism. The context is an ethnographic study of transnational egg donation, focusing upon the fertility services industry in Cancun, Mexico. Our source is an audio-recorded interview conducted with Maria, a young Mexican woman who struggles to maintain her integrity as a single mother donating eggs to a fertility clinic. Drawing upon Maria’s story, we experiment with three forms of found poetry as a method for listening deeply to her voice. In this paper, we share our research process, poems, and reflections.
Effect of Body Composition on Ventilation Parameters in a Group of Young Sudanese Females
Authors: Alaagib N. A. , Sukkar M.Y.
Published: July 2017

Background: Lung Function Test helps (LFT) in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with pulmonary or cardiac diseases. Ignoring BMI and body composition during interpretation of LFT results may lead to wrong diagnosis and unnecessary use of drugs.Objective: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that differences in body composition between individuals can explain some of the features of LFT that are explained by variations in age, sex, and height only.Methods: This observational analytical cross sectional study which included 150 young adult females. Those with history of amenorrhea, smoking, asthma or cardiac disease were excluded. Anthropometric measurements including: BMI, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percent calculated from skinfold thickness measurements were done. Dynamic spirometric tests were performed using digital spirometer; FEV1, FVC, FEV1% were measured.Results: Both obese and underweight subjects had a significant reduction in FEV1 (P=.002) and FVC (P=.004) compared to normal ones. FEV1% was significantly higher in the overweight and obese group compared to the other two groups (P=.02). Body weight, BMI, and WC had significant positive correlation with FEV1 and FEV1% in young healthy females.Conclusion: Increase in BMI, body weight, WC and body fat showed positive significant correlation with FEV1% and may give a restrictive pattern in LFT. Underweight subjects may show significant reduction in lung function if their BMI is not considered.
Hepatitis B Virus_Surface Gene Mutations and Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Hamadalnil Yassir M. , Bakheit Sahar
Published: July 2017

Hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). Factors associated with host immunity such as (HBV specific T- and/or B-cell) production and antigen presentation failure and viral determinants such as the HBV genotypes and their evolving variants, have largely contributed to and justified variations that occur in the HBV surface gene. Hepatitis B surface gene mutations may influence the accuracy of the results obtained with currently used serological diagnostic tests and may represent a great risk for the community, since neither hepatitis B vaccines nor hepatitis B immunoglobulin will prevent the infection by HBV. Out of 96 published papers from (1988 till 2016) downloaded from Google scholar and PubMed and evaluated according to the relevance of scientific data for the surface gene mutations of hepatitis B virus then52 papers of them were selected and included in this study, then we reviewed and evaluated the current published papers about the surface gene mutations worldwide in which G145R represents the most common hepatitis B surface gene mutation reported in the literature. Furthermore, we reviewed their clinical implications and their impact on hepatitis B vaccination and treatment.
Complex abnormalities of urinary tract in boy with renal agenesis
Authors: Krzemień Grażyna , Szmigielska Agnieszka , Dziedzic-Jankowska Katarzyna , Warchoł Stanisław , Dudek-Warchoł Teresa , Jakimów-Kostrzewa Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

Wstęp

Jednostronna agenezja nerki może występować jako wada izolowana lub współistnieć z innymi anomaliami rozwojowymi układu moczowego. Najczęściej rozpoznawany jest odpływ pęcherzowo-moczowodowy i wodonercze, rzadziej moczowód olbrzymi, zdwojenie moczowodu, ureterocele, ektopia nerki i spodziectwo.

Opis przypadku

W pracy opisano przypadek chłopca, u którego w wieku 2,5 roku rozpoznano złożoną wadę układu moczowego – agenezję nerki lewej i ektopię nerki prawej z wodonerczem i moczowodem olbrzymim. Badanie USG wykonano z powodu bólów brzucha. Wcześniej chłopiec nie demonstrował żadnych objawów klinicznych, które mogłyby wskazywać na istnienie wady układu moczowego. Na podstawie badania izotopowego, urografii i cystouretrografii mikcyjnej rozpoznano zwężenie przypęcherzowe moczowodu. W wieku 3 lat wykonano operację przeszczepienia moczowodu metodą Cohena. Pomimo usunięcia przeszkody w odpływie moczu, utrzymywało się znacznego stopnia wodonercze ze zwężeniem warstwy miąższowej nerki. W wieku 11,5 roku u chłopca rozpoznano nadciśnienie tętnicze, w wieku 14,5 roku stwierdzono niewielki wzrost stężenia kreatyniny w surowicy i izostenurię. W ciągu 12 lat obserwacji badania ogólne i posiewy moczu były prawidłowe.

Wnioski

Dziecko z jednostronną agenezją nerki i uropatią zaporową w drugiej nerce wymaga regularnej kontroli w poradni nefrologicznej, monitorowania ciśnienia tętniczego krwi i czynności nerki. Obecność anomalii rozwojowej w jedynej nerce może prowadzić do rozwoju przewlekłej choroby nerek i schyłkowej niewydolności nerek.
Financial Literacy and Financial Wellbeing of Public Sector Employees: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Kamakia Margaret Gatuiri , Mwangi Cyrus Iraya , Mwangi Mirie
Published: July 2017

There is a great concern from researchers, government, and professional bodies about how consumers, households, students and employees manage their finances. A great number of people from both developed and developing countries are reported to be financially illiterate. Employees today are facing serious challenges in financial decision making that seems to emanate from the changes in financial markets and in social security pension schemes. They have access to financial literacy sessions at their workplaces yet this is not always reflected in the kind of lives they live. This provokes the question ‘does a more financially literate employee enjoy better financial wellbeing than a less literate person?’ The current study therefore seeks to critically review the literature to establish the documented relationship between financial literacy and financial wellbeing and possible intervening and moderating variables. The existing literature gaps are identified and recommended for further research. The results from the literature review indicate that financial literacy and financial wellbeing are defined and measured differently. Additionally, there seem to be a positive relationship between financial literacy and financial wellbeing but this relationship is intervened and moderated by financial decisions and demographic factors respectively.
Editorial
Authors: Borrero Echeverry Juliana
Published: July 2017

La revista La Palabra es un órgano de difusión de resultados de investigación en el campo de la Literatura y del diálogo de esta con otras disciplinas y discursos. La periodicidad de la revista es semestral, recibe artículos en español, portugués, e inglés. La revista es editada por la Escuela de Idiomas y la Maestría en Literatura de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia.
Ejercicios de supervivencia
Authors: Giordano Alberto
Published: July 2017

Ensayo autobiográfico de un crítico académico sobre la escritura crítica como ejercicio retórico y espiritual.
Guiño, ambigüedad e incertidumbre: claves de lectura y efectos estéticos del pacto ambiguo
Authors: Escobar Vera Hernando
Published: July 2017

A propósito de los debates actuales en torno a las definiciones de autoficción y pacto ambiguo, este artículo se ocupa de explorar sus linderos y exclusiones, y de proponer precisiones conceptuales orientadas a que encuentren cabida algunos problemas de interés creciente, pero que parecen exceder las definiciones canónicas. El énfasis se hará en los guiños textuales y extratextuales a través de los cuales se llama la atención sobre las figuraciones de autor, en el rol del lector y en los efectos de ambigüedad, debilitamiento de la verdad e incertidumbre, que se producen en las obras que suscriben el pacto ambiguo.
Palimpsestos con Hélène Cixous: experimentos consigo mismo
Authors: Bejarano Alberto
Published: July 2017

Nuestra reflexión se interesa por la(s) lengua(s) habitadas por la escritora y filósofa Héléne Cixous a través de nuestra experiencia en sus clases y en la lectura continua de sus obras de carácter híbrido y abierto. Se trata de un diálogo que desarrollamos con su obra incluyendo nuestra propia experiencia con la escritura en forma de palimpsesto en el que tejemos sentidos y sensaciones de la palabra y sus resonancias.
Clarice Lispector em Felicidade clandestina: a poética do eu
Authors: Machado Garcia Lucilene
Published: July 2017

Este artigo trata da aproximação dos planos de realidade e fantasia especialmente no conto “Felicidade Clandestina” publicado no livro com o mesmo título, em que os dois segmentos passam a disputar o mesmo espaço. A realidade de uma mulher adulta que resgata fantasias da infância num curso de tempo em que, como personagem, fora submetida a imprevisíveis jogos, tratada com ludíbrio, chegando a situações consternadoras, numa passividade que, por vezes, lembra uma presa acuada. No entanto, a mesma protagonista antes submetida à astúcia da colega de escola, agora na posição de narradora, exerce pleno controle sobre o leitor. Passa de personagem à construtora do texto, jogando com os sentidos daquele que está imerso na história fictícia.
Lo que no aprendí: el arte de tejer una ficción de autora (Ejercicio fictocrítico #3)
Authors: Castillo Rojo Camilo
Published: July 2017

Este ejercicio fictocrítico analiza la novela de la escritora Margarita García Robayo Lo que no aprendí (2014). Este diálogo se propone explicar cómo la novela de la colombiana funciona como una autoficción y como para ello hace uso de la “ficción de autor”, concepto de Julio Premat, para construir dentro de la misma obra un concepto de escritora, narradora y autora.
ASPECTOS CONTROVERTIDOS DO FILTRO DA REPERCUSSÃO GERAL EM PERSPECTIVA EMPÍRICA
Authors: Filpo Klever Paulo Leal , Barbuto Renata Campbell
Published: July 2017

O artigo enfoca aspectos controvertidos da Repercussão Geral. A pesquisa iniciou-se em 2014, com o objetivo de compreender a forma como esse mecanismo vem sendo colocado em prática, passados dez anos da sua instituição. Realizou-se uma aproximação empírica, de natureza qualitativa, incluindo entrevista, observações e análise de casos. A hipótese que se colocou à prova foi: para determinar o que tem ou não repercussão geral, os processos são classificados em grupos por “grandes temas”, a princípio correspondentes a determinadas controvérsias, o que parece gerar equívocos em razão de reunir recursos cujos objetos, eventualmente, não guardam similitude entre si. Na prática, o método dá margem à inclusão de recursos que não se encaixam nos parâmetros legais, enquanto outros são indevidamente excluídos desse julgamento. O artigo explicita este e outros aspectos controvertidos sobre a operação prática desse filtro recursal.
Pronóstico de la injuria renal aguda en el corto y largo plazo
Authors: Cieza Javier , Lluncor Juan , Cama Augusto
Published: July 2017

La injuria renal aguda (IRA) adquirida en la comunidad puede tener pronóstico diferente a largo plazo que la intrahospitalaria, situación escasamente descrita. Objetivos: Comparar la supervivencia a largo plazo de pacientes con IRA con pacientes que no la tuvieron al ingresar al hospital y con pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica (HD). Materialy métodos: Se estudiaron pacientes con y sin IRA diagnosticada al momento de ser admitidos a la emergencia del Hospital Cayetano Heredia (HCH) y se comparó la supervivencia mediante curvas de Kaplan-Meier y análisis multivariado de Cox. Se comparó también con sus contemporáneos que ingresaron a HD. El período de observaciónfue entre diciembre del 2011 y el 31 de diciembre del 2015. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 47 pacientes con IRA, 93 sin IRA y 138 en HD. Las tasas de letalidad de los pacientes con y sin IRA no alcanzaron diferencia significativa a los tres (p=0,148) ni a los 35 meses (p=0,068). Hubo diferencia al comparar las tasa de letalidad entre los pacientes con IRA con los pacientes en HD (p=0,0002), pero ésta desapareció al ser normalizados los grupos por edad, albúmina sérica y ausencia de neoplasia maligna (NM) (p=0,177). En el análisis multivariado de Cox, las variables que afectaron la supervivencia fueron: edad avanzada (p=0,001), hipoalbuminemia severa (p=0,001) y coexistenciade NM (p=0,03). Conclusiones: La IRA adquirida en la comunidad no tiene efecto per se en la supervivencia de los pacientes a largo plazo. Esta es dependiente de la edad, la desnutrición y la coexistencia de NM.
¿Hipótesis dieta-corazón? A propósito del “Minnesota Coronary Experiment”
Authors: Campos Muñoz Jesulin
Published: July 2017

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Inadecuado uso del símbolo de la medicina en el Perú: ¿Vara de Esculapio o Caduceo?
Authors: Mendoza-Chuctaya Giuston , Montesinos-Segura Reneé , Mejia Christian R.
Published: July 2017

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Absence of an acid phosphatase isozyme locus as a marker candidate for true to typeness in woodland grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmelin)
Authors: Jahnke Gizella , Nagy Zóra Annamária , Koltai Gábor , Hajdu Edit , Májer János
Published: July 2017

The quest and conservation of existing populations of woodland grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmelin), the supposed progenitor of the European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) and a significant actor in the evolution of grapevine, has great importance in preserving biodiversity. The proof of true-to-typeness is highly important in ex-situ conservation, because the contamination risk of the woodland grape populations is very high. Some characteristic “sylvestris” simple sequence repeats (SSR) alleles were identified, but they are only characteristic in a specific population.

In our recent study, the SSR profiles of 32 woodland grapes were compared to those of 16 European grapevine varieties and 20 rootstocks. Morphology and SSR analyses suggested that the analysed Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris Gmelin accessions were true-to-type. In this report, the results of the acid phosphatase isoenzyme analyses of the same woodland grape accessions are presented and a new marker for true-to-typeness is suggested.
Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth
Authors: Kolstad Erik W.
Published: July 2017

Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) weather forecasting has improved in recent years, thanks partly to better representation of physical variables in models. For instance, realistic initializations of snow and soil moisture in models yield enhanced predictability on S2S time scales. Snow depth and soil moisture also mediate month-to-month persistence of near-surface air temperature. Here the role of snow depth as predictor of temperature one month ahead in the Northern Hemisphere is probed via two causal pathways. Through the first pathway, snow depth anomalies in month 1 cause snow depth anomalies in month 2, which then cause temperature anomalies in month 2. This pathway represents the snow–albedo feedback, as well as cooling due to insulation, emissivity and heat loss. It is active from fall to summer, and its effect peaks in March/April in the midlatitudes and in May/June at high latitudes. A complementary second pathway, where snow depth anomalies in month 1 cause soil moisture anomalies in month 2, which then cause temperature anomalies in month 2 through soil moisture–temperature feedbacks, is only active in spring and summer. Its effect peaks later in the warm season than the effect of the first pathway. Geographically, snow depth mediates north of, and soil moisture south of, the areas with the highest temperature predictability from snow depth. These results indicate that the two pathways describe complementary physical mechanisms. The first pathway embodies month-to-month persistence of snow depth, and the second pathway represents melting of snow from one month to the next.
The Evolution of the Cup-Cage Technique for Major Acetabular Defects
Authors: Sculco Peter K. , Ledford Cameron K. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Abdel Matthew P. , Lewallen David G.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Complex acetabular reconstruction for major bone loss can require advanced methods such as the use of a cup-cage construct. The purpose of this study was to review outcomes after the initial development of the cup-cage technique and the subsequent evolution to the use of a half cup-cage construct.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective, single-center review of 57 patients treated with cup-cage reconstruction for major acetabular bone loss. All patients had major acetabular defects graded as Paprosky Type 2B through 3B, with 34 (60%) having an associated pelvic discontinuity. Thirty patients received a full cup-cage construct and 27, a half cup-cage construct. The mean follow-up was 5 years.

Results:

Both the full and half cup-cage cohorts demonstrated significantly improved Harris hip score (HHS) values, from 36 to 72 at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up (p < 0.05). Early construct migration occurred in 4 patients, with stabilization prior to 2-year follow-up in all but 1 patient. Incomplete, zone-3, nonprogressive acetabular radiolucencies were observed in 2 (7%) of the full cup-cage constructs and 6 (22%) of the half cup-cage constructs. One patient with a full cup-cage construct underwent re-revision of the acetabular component for progressive migration and aseptic loosening. Short-term survivorship free from re-revision for any cause or reoperation was 89% (83% and 96% for full and half cup-cage cohorts, respectively).

Conclusions:

Both full and half cup-cage constructs demonstrated successful clinical outcomes and survivorship in the treatment of major acetabular defects and pelvic discontinuity. Each method is utilized on the basis of individual intraoperative findings, including the extent and pattern of bone loss, the quality and location of host bone remaining after preparation, and the presence of pelvic discontinuity. Longer-term follow-up is required to understand the durability of these constructs in treating major acetabular defects and pelvic discontinuity.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
EGYPT, DASHUR: AN ANCIENT CO/CO2 GAS GENERATOR DISCOVERED ON THE LOWER LEVEL OF THE BENT PYRAMID OF SNEFERU
Authors: Yaroschuk A. M.
Published: July 2017

The article researches the design and the purpose of the lower tier chamber in the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu in Dashure. The review of the earlier archeological research materials has shown that the purpose of the chamber has not been determined. In the process of the current research a technological link between the lower and the upper tiers of the pyramid has been found. It has been proven that the lower tier elements (the chamber itself, the shaft, and the chimney) all together comprised an ancient furnace – a CO/CO2 gas generator. Its purpose was to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas to fill the space of the upper tier of the pyramid. The goal of the architect or was to make the pyramid chambers deadly for burglars.  Constructive  similarities  between  the  furnace  in  the  lower  tier of the Sneferu Pyramid and the modern CO/CO2 gas generator have been established. A theory about the presence of the secret chambers in the pyramid, including the  chamber  containing  the  Sarcophagus  of  the  Pharaoh  has  been  substantiated. A theory  explaining  the  purpose  of  changing  the  shape  and  the  construction of the Bent Pyramid specifically has been proposed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF FORMATION OF SECURITY CONCEPTS IN MILITARY HIGH SCHOOL CADETS
Authors: Kostousov A. G. , Ivanov M. S.
Published: July 2017

The article presents the results of studies on the relationship of formation of security concepts and individual psychological characteristics, such as intelligence, character traits, internality of person, value-semantic sphere of the person described as psychological factors of representations. The subjects were students of Military Institute of the Russian Federation of the National Guard troops, whose training involves the formation of military-professional competences directly related to security. Representations about security are considered as a complex semantic construct in the minds of students, is one of the basic elements of professional representations system. According to the results of statistical data, we found significant correlations between the characteristics of security concepts and the level of intelligence, lack of cusps  of  character  traits,  a  meaningful  life,  internality  personality,  maturity of the system of value orientations. It is suggested that security representations is a complex construct in the mind, which is closely integrated in the individual relations, emerging in connection with the development of the whole person. It is concluded that the educational process should be improved in respect of the formation of the security concepts in military education.
THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE TURKS AND THE SUI DYNASTY IN 609 – 617
Authors: Ganiev R. T.
Published: July 2017

The  article  studies  the  events  of  the  military  confrontation  between the Shibi Qaghan and Sui Dynasty in 609 – 615 AD. It shows the political situation in China whose deterioration led to the political upheaval in 617 AD and the young Tang Dynasty came to power. By the end of the Sui Dynasty period there were more than 200 organized armed gangs that were tearing the empire apart and often found support from the Turks. In 615 AD the Turks also surrounded Emperor Sui Yangdi in the fortress of Yanmen and thereby put an end to his political career. At the beginning of VII century the Eastern Turk Empire had a great military and political influence in Central Asia and posed a threat to its neighbors. Along with the separatists who  opposed  the  Sui  Dynasty,  the  military  governor  Taiyuan  Li  Yuan  sought the assistance of the Turks. He formed an alliance with them, and the Turks supported his nomination as the new ruler of China. Thus, in the events of 609 – 617 AD the Eastern Turks played a key role, and contributed to the deterioration of the situation at the end of the Sui Dynasty as well as to the ascent to power of the future first emperor of the new Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan.
HISTORY AS MAN'S SEARCH FOR SELF-IDENTITY
Authors: Kazakov E. F.
Published: July 2017

The article features the problem of the relationship of sense of history with the meaning of human life in general, with the life of every human being. It analyses the search for connection between the meaning of individual human existence and the sense of history, the fate of the individual and of human destiny in the Russian philosophical tradition. The meaning of history (phylogenesis) is associated with the search for self-identity. The determination occurs through realizing one’s self from the other: an animal, the dead, space, nature, God, an angel, a thing. The  stages  of  one’s  self-differentiation  are  the  stages  of  one’s  self-revealing. The historical deployment of self-identification process begins with reflection: man as a beast and not-beast at the same time. It forms a view of the man as a beasthuman, a human-beast, a man-not-beast. Later, one’s comparison to nature extends to infinity,  beyond  the  Earth.  The  person  begins  to  identify  with  outer  space and the whole universe. One gets the notion of the universal man and the human universe.  One  begins  to  associate  "oneself with  oneself".  The  deployment  of  selfreflection allows one to differentiate  "Me" from "not-Me". There develops a vision of the God-man, the man-God (the Superman). The meaning of ancestral human history is the actualization of the individual stories of each person. The purpose of world history is "my" birth.
RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 1970-S – EARLY XXI CENTURY ON THE IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF RUSSIA IN 1971 – 1991
Authors: Kazmina M. V. , Kazmin V. N.
Published: July 2017

The article considers the main stages of the historiography of the ideological and political life of Russia in 1971 – 1991, the authors distinguish two stages of the  historiography  problems:  1971  –  late  1980s  -  the  beginning  of  1990s; end 1980s - the beginning of 1990s - beginning of XXI century. The first stage is characterized by methodological monism. The main attention of researchers was paid to the problems of propaganda of Marxist-Leninist ideology, ideological and political education of Soviet citizens. The second phase of historiography was methodological revolution when there a critical re-evaluation of the historical way the Soviet State had passed took place. The main focus of historical research during Perestroika was on such problems as: dissidence, protest movement, the activities of informal organizations. The article analyzes the historiography of dissidence and concludes that researchers created a scientific base that can serve as a basis for further study of this topic.
Chromium removal capability and photosynthetic characteristics of Cyperus alternifolius and Coix lacryma-jobi L. in vertical flow constructed wetland treated with hexavalent chromium bearing domestic sewage
Authors: Li Suli , Huang Hailian , Li Zhigang , Li Zhengwen , He Zhenli , Liang He
Published: July 2017

In this study, the chromium removal capability and photosynthetic capacity response of plants were investigated in vertical flow wetland microcosms (VFWM) treated with Cr(VI) bearing domestic sewage. Two plants, Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius) and Coix lacryma-jobi L. (C. lacryma-jobi L.) grown in the VFWM enhanced the purification of Cr(VI) enriched domestic sewage. Cr concentration in the effluent fell below detection limit (<0.03 mg L−1), except for the C. alternifolius wetland treated with 40 mg L−1 Cr(VI). The biomasses of both plants species were increased at 10 and 20 mg L−1 Cr(VI) exposure but inhibited at 40 mg L−1 Cr(VI). The photosynthetic capacities of both plants were not affected at 10–40 mg L−1 Cr(VI) exposure during the days 20–60. However, they were inhibited significantly (P < 0.05) at 40 mg L−1 Cr(VI) exposure during days 80–100. These results demonstrated that a VFWM with C. alternifolius and/or C. lacryma-jobi L. was capable of maintaining its efficiency and recovering its vegetation. VFWM with C. alternifolius and/or C. lacryma-jobi L. was promising for purifying wastewater which contains low to medium concentrations of Cr(VI) (<20 mg L−1).
Model postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego w Austrii
Authors: Gut Dagmara
Published: July 2017

Artykuł dotyczy austriackiego modelu postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego, który na mocy noweli Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeits-Novelle 2012 uległ istotnym zmianom.Od 2014 r. w Austrii funkcjonuje dwuinstancyjne sądownictwo administracyjne, obejmujące po jednym sądzie pierwszej instancji dla każdego kraju oraz dwa federalne sądy administracyjne pierwszej instancji. Sądem drugiej instancji został natomiast Trybunał Administracyjny. Zasadniczemu przekształceniu uległy także kompetencje orzecznicze sądów administracyjnych, które uzyskały możliwość podejmowania rozstrzygnięć merytorycznych. Co więcej, z powodu wprowadzenia sądów pierwszej instancji o uprawnieniach do orzekania merytorycznego, zdecydowano się na likwidację administracyjnego toku instancji. Rozwiązania przyjęte w Austrii wyznaczają kierunek rozwoju sądownictwa administracyjnego w Europie, mogą także stanowić źródło inspiracji dla polskiego ustawodawcy.
Uprawnienia pracowników w razie bezprawnego rozwiązania umowy o pracę w trybie natychmiastowym w oparciu o wybrane orzeczenia sądowe
Authors: Czekalski Piotr
Published: July 2017

Jeżeli pracodawca rozwiązał wadliwie umowę o pracę bez wypowiedzenia pracownikowi przysługują dwa alternatywne roszczenia. Pierwszym jest żądanie przywrócenia na poprzednie warunki pracy a ponadto żądanie wynagrodzenia za czaspozostawania bez pracy. Wysokość tego żądania jest przez ustawodawcę ograniczona, jednak limity nie dotyczą niektórych kategorii pracowników, np. kobiet w ciąży. W tymwypadku wynagrodzenie przysługuje za cały okres pozostawania bez pracy. Warunkiem powrotu do pracy i uzyskania wynagrodzenia za czas nieświadczenia pracy zasądzonej mocą orzeczenia sądu jest zgłoszenie przez pracownika swojej gotowości do pracy w terminie 7 dni. Drugim uprawnieniem pracownika jest roszczenie o odszkodowanie w związku z bezprawnym rozwiązaniem umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia. Przedmiotem artykułu jest omówienie uprawnień, które przysługują pracownikom w razie bezprawnego rozwiązania umowy o pracę w trybie natychmiastowym.Artykuł odnosi się zarówno do osób zatrudnionych na podstawie umowy na czas określony, jak również umów bezterminowych, prezentując przykłady zaczerpnięte z orzecznictwa sądowego.
Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes Using Naturally Occurring, Biodegradable Itaconic Acid as a Green and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Kasar Sandeep B. , Thopate Shankar R.
Published: July 2017

Aim and Objective: To explore the use of naturally occurring biodegradable organic acids as a catalyst
in organic synthesis. The development of a simple, inexpensive, highly efficient yet ecofriendly catalyst
for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes is explored.

Materials and Method:

A mixture of indole 1a (1.0 g, 8.53 mmol), benzaldehyde 2a (0.45 g. 4.26 mmol), and
itaconic acid (0.12 g, 0.92 mmol, 20 mol%), in H2O (5.0 mL) was refluxed at 100°C for indicated time. After
the completion of the reaction (TLC check), the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted
with ethyl acetate (3 × 5.0 mL), organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The
crude residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate:hexane as an eluent.

Results:

Initially optimal reaction conditions were developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by selecting
model reaction between indole and benzaldehyde. It was found that optimal conditions for the synthesis
of bis(indolyl)methanes are use of indole (1.0 mmol), aldehyde (0.5 mmol) and catalyst 20 mol% in water as a
solvent, under air atmosphere and at 100°C. Moreover, it was found that aqueous solution of the catalyst can be
reused with the same catalytic efficiency for ten times without any pre-treatment. This is an important achievement
with regard to the efficiency and reusability of the catalyst in synthesis.

Conclusion:

We have shown that itaconic acid in water can be used as an excellent green catalyst with high
reusability. It efficiently catalyzes electrophillic substitution reaction of indoles (ESRI) with various aldehydes
to give the corresponding BIMs in an efficient manner. Therefore, itaconic acid in water as a catalyst can be a
good alternative for the use of hazardous mineral acid and Lewis acid catalyst.
TREATMENT OF INSUFFICIENT JOINT EXTENSOR MECHANISM IN PRIMARY AND REVISION KNEE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Kulyaba T. A. , Kornilov N. N. , Mikhailova P. M. , Bovkis G. Yu.
Published: July 2017

Insufficiency  of the  knee  joint  extensor  mechanism  is the  absolute  contraindication for total  knee  arthroplasty. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the extensor  mechanism before arthroplasty or to change the treatment approach.Purpose of the study  – to evaluate  the  outcomes  of surgical  reconstruction of the  knee joint  extensor  mechanism during primary or revision knee arthroplasty.Materials and methods. 25 reconstructions of extensor  mechanisms  (24 patients) were performed  in the period from 2006 to 2015. Five procedures out of 25 were performed in primary TKA and 20 in revision TKA. Indications for extensor mechanism  reconstruction were as follows: patellar  tendon  rupture in 15 cases (60,0%),  fracture  of patella  in 5 cases (20,0%), quadriceps tendon  rupture in 3 cases (12,0%) and other indications in 2 cases (8,0%). One of the following four techniques was used to restore  the extensor  mechanism: “Frame / Loop” allograft of patellar  tendon  in 6 cases (24,0%); bone – patellar  tendon  – bone allograft in 9 cases (36,0%); quadriceps tendon  – patella-patellar tendon  – bone allografts in 7 cases (28,0%); weber’s internal fixation of patella in 3 cases (12,0%).Results.  All patients were  evaluated based  on  clinical  examination,  KSS  and  WOMAC  scores  (18  patients), and standard x-rays (13 patients). The mean follow-up  period  in the  present  study  was 44 months  postoperatively. Reconstruction of the knee joint extensor  mechanism  resulted  in a significant  reduction of pain in 38.8% of patients, the knee stability was restored  in 83,3% of patients and the active  knee extension  improved  significantly  in the vast majority  of patients.Conclusion. Despite  the  objective  improvement of the  knee  joint  function  after  the  reconstructions of extensor mechanism,  the  KSS and WOMAC evaluation scores remained  low which  should  be taken  into  consideration during preoperative planning.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SCALE AND SYNOVITIS ALGORITHM – 15 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE: EVALUATION AND FOLLOWING PROGRESS
Authors: Krenn V. , Perino G. , Rüther W. , Krenn V. T. , Huber M. , Hügle T. , Najm А. , Müller S. , Boettner F. , Pessler F. , Waldstein W. , Kriegsmann J. , Häupl T. , Wienert S. , Krukemeyer M. G. , Sesselmann S. , Tikhilov R. M. , Morawietz L.
Published: July 2017

The diagnostic  histopathology scales are mainly  the  multilevel  evaluation systems. The same principle  is lying in the  basis of synovitis  scale elaboration. This  scale gradually  and  semi-quantitatively assesses the  inflammatory and immunological changes in case of synovitis  considering  three  synovial components: thickness  of synovial cellular layer, cellular  stroma  density  and  severity  of inflammatory infiltration. The  scale comprises  four semi-quantitative  grades: normal 0, mild, moderate  and severe. Scale points from 0 to 9 are summated. Such sum evaluation allows to identify high and low degree synovitis.  Scale points  from 1 to ≤4 correspond to low degree synovitis  which determines and includes the following diagnosis: arthritis associated  synovitis;  synovitis  associated  with  meniscus  pathology;  hemochromatosis associated  synovitis.  Scale points  from ≥5 to  9 determine high  degree  synovitis  including  diagnosis  like rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic  arthritis; Lyme arthritis; post  infection  (reactive) arthritis and  peripheral arthritis in Bekhterev’s disease. Thus, the synovitis scale allows to assess degenerative or posttraumatic (low degree synovitis) and inflammatoryrheumatoid pathology  (high  degree  synovitis) based  on histopathological diagnostics with  sensitivity of 61,7% and specificity  of 96,1%. The scale is characterized by a good diagnostics significance  by ROC  analysis (area  under  curve: 0,8–0,9).  Two versions of synovitis  scale was published:  first in 2002, second reworked  in 2006 and the latter includes the concept  of subdivision  into two groups of high and low degree synovitis.  Thanking to both  versions a national  and international recognition of histological  evaluation during  15 years was gained.   To clarity  diagnosis description using synovitis  scale particularly in rheumatology various  inflammatory antigens  were suggested  for immunohistochemical analysis (including Ki-67, CD68-, CD3-, CD15и CD20).  This immunohistochemical scale and subdivision into low and high degree synovitis  provided  a possibility  to assess the risk of development and biological sensitivity of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, an important histological  input  was made into primary rheumatology diagnostics which did not consider tissue  changes.  Due  to  formal  integration of synovitis  scale into  the  algorithm of synovial  pathology  diagnostics a comprehensive classification was developed specifically for differentiated orthopaedics diagnostics.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE LUMBAR-PELVIC STABILIZATION FOR UNSTABLE PELVIC RING INJURIES
Authors: Dulaev A. K. , Kazhanov I. V. , Manukovsky V. A. , Mikityuk S. I. , Presnov R. A. , Gavrishchyuk Y. V.
Published: July 2017

Reconstructive operations for unstable  pelvic ring injuries  in most cases are performed  at later  date  after  trauma (period  of complete  stabilization of the vital functions). The paper presents  treatment outcomes  of three  patients with vertically unstable  pelvic ring injuries where minimally invasive lumbar-pelvic fixation with pedicle screws was applied. The morphology  of sacrum  injury  determined a configuration of the  lumbar-pelvic transpedicular system. In all cases the final surgery was performed  in the early period of traumatic disease, which made it possible to restore  the anatomy of the pelvic ring and obtain good functional outcomes.
SYNOVIAL CYST IN THE PROJECTION OF TIBIAL TUNNEL AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Bogatov V. B. , Sadykov R. S. , Ponamarev I. R.
Published: July 2017

ACL  tears  are the  most  widespread  lesions  among  isolated  trauma  of knee  ligaments  that  require  early  surgical treatment especially in young active patients. There  are various ACL reconstruction techniques where femur and tibia tunnels are formed and graft is fixed by cannulated interference screws. One of the possible complications is the formation of a postoperative soft tissue cyst in the projection of tibial tunnel.  The nature  as well as mechanism of cyst formation  is still unclear.A relevant  clinical case of cyst formation  in a patient five years after ACL grating  is described  in this publication. MRI findings demonstrated that  the origin of the cyst was hole of the tibial interference screw.Conclusion. The authors  observed that  synovial cyst was formed due to use of cannulated interference screws where synovial  fluid was leaking  from joint  cavity  through screw holes. Cystectomy and  autografting of tibial  bone tunnel allowed to reduce such complication.
SYNOVIAL FLUID D-LACTATE — BACTERIAL-SPECIFIC MARKER FOR INFECTION OF NATIVE AND PROSTHETIC JOINTS
Authors: Karbysheva S. B. , Grigoricheva L. G. , Zhyltsov I. V. , Semenov V. M. , Zolovkina A. G. , Veremei I. S. , Trampuz А.
Published: July 2017

Infection  of native  and prosthetic joints  remains  a critical  disease, associated  with  both  significant  mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis of joints infection is extremely  difficult since presentation and preoperative tests are not always obvious and precise, while correct  and timely diagnosis of septic etiology is crucial. In this case a rapid and accurate  test would be helpful.Purpose of the study — тo evaluate  the analytical performance  and diagnostic  capabilities  of measuring  the synovial fluid D-lactate for early diagnosis of infection in native and prosthetic joints.Material and methods. Test group of patients (n = 86) contained two subgroups – patients with periprosthetic infection (PPI) (n = 58) and patients with bacterial arthritis (BA) (n = 28). Control group (n = 104) also included two subgroups – patients with aseptic instability of implant components (n = 75) and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 29).Results. The authors  observed  that  SF D-lactate ≥1,2 mmol/l was the optimal  cutoff value for identifying patients with bacterial  causes. The higher SF levels of D-lactate were observed in patients with BA compared  to aseptic causes, (p0,0001), as well as in patients with PJI in contrast to aseptic loosening of prosthesis (p0,0001). In patients with native joints,  SF D-lactate had better sensitivity (92,8%)  compared  to SF leucocytes  (66,6%)  and percentage of neutrophils (44,4%).  D-lactate had  better sensitivity for diagnosis  of PJI  (96,5%, 89,6% and  60,3% respectively). There  were no significant differences in SF D-lactate levels due to different bacterial  strains.Conclusion. The study demonstrated high analytical performance and diagnostic  capabilities  of measuring of synovial fluid D-lactate for diagnosis of BA and PJI. It is a rapid and accurate  test for differentiating bacterial  joint infection from the aseptic  inflammatory joint diseases. This procedure can be carried  out within  less than  one hour and be helpful in outpatient setting.
OSTEOID OSTEOMA OF THE HAMATE AS A CAUSE OF COMPRESSION NEUROPATHY OF THE ULNAR NERVE IN GUYON CANAL (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Semenkin O. M. , Izmalkov S. N. , Solopikhina E. B. , Doskovskaya E. M. , Balakleyets S. V.
Published: July 2017

Osteoid  osteoma of the wrist bones is rare and its diagnostics is complicated. A clinical case of the surgical treatment of the patient with osteoid osteoma is presented. The clinical manifestations included  pain, extensors  tenosynovitis and neuropathy of the ulnar nerve in guyon’s canal. The diagnosis was confirmed by computer tomography, ultrasonography and electromyography. Partial resection of the hamate including pathology area, and mobilization of the ulnar nerve in the wrist enabled authors  to obtain a good functional outcome.
DURASI AKUSTIK PEMBELAJAR BAHASA ARAB DI MEDAN
Authors: Jamil Khoirul , Silvana Tengku
Published: July 2017

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menganalisis bunyi tuturan Bahasa Arab yang diujarkan oleh pembelajar Bahasa Arab melalui analisis durasi tuturan pada modus interogatif, deklaratif dan imperatif. Tujuan menganalisis durasi tuturan pada modus interogatif, deklaratif dan imperatif adalah untuk menemukan bunyi akustik tuturan oleh pembelajar Bahasa Arab dan menjelaskan faktor penyebab terjadinya durasi. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah enam tuturan Bahasa Arab yaitu dua tuturan dalam modus deklaratif, tiga tuturan dalam modus interogatif dan satu tututuran dalam modus imperatif yang dituturkan oleh empat penutur pembelajar Bahasa Arab. Kerangka teoritis Fonetik Akustik dan metode kualitatif dalam menganalisis durasi bunyi-bunyi setiap tuturan pada modus interogatif, deklaratif dan imperatif. Metode eksperimental digunakan dalam menganalisis bunyi tuturan Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, penelitian ini menemukan durasi penutur asli dalam menuturkan bunyi vokal rangkap, pembelajar tidak menuturkan vokal dengan bunyi yang panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya sistem bunyi konsonan dan vokal Bahasa Arab berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia dan sistem bunyi bahasa Indonesia tidak memiliki bunyi-buni vokal rangkap. Dari temuan ini disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan sistem bunyi mengakibatkan pembelajar Bahasa Arab mengujarkan bunyi-bunyi tidak pada titik artikulasi yang tepat. Untuk itu, pembelajar Bahasa Arab memerlukan penguasaan terhadap ilmu Aswat dan pelatihan terhadap pengucapan lafal Bahasa Arab secara artikulatoris. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar metode pembelajaran kemahiran lafal BA perlu ditingkatkan secara teknologi baru dan dengan menggunakan penutur asli.

Kata kunci : fonetik eksperimental, frekuensi, intensitas, durasi, metode praat.