bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of fertilizers on the fertility of leached chernozem in different technologies
Authors: Volynkina O.V.
Published: October 2021

The article shows the effective and potential fertility of leached low-humus, low-power medium-loamy chernozem under the conditions of a stationary field experiment at the Central Experimental Field of the Kurgan Research Institute. Two technologies are characterized. In the first part of the experiment, the crop rotation is corn-wheat-wheat-oats with annual plowing, in the second part-permanent wheat on a stubble background. The first technology was distinguished by a higher effective fertility, a large number of plant residues, due to which its advantage was manifested in the content of humus. The fertilizer increased the productivity of agricultural crops. In increasing crop yields, the use of N40P20 was economically and environmentally optimal. The positive effect of fertilizers on the humus content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm was manifested when applying N50-75Р in the first part of the experiment and N40-60P20 in second part, which was not observed with unilateral nitrogen fertilizer and the use of dozes N25-20P.
Nitrogen regime of haplic Luvisol in orchards at fertilization
Authors: Leonicheva Elena , Roeva Tatyana , Leonteva Larisa , Stolyarov Maxim
Published: October 2021

The aim of the investigation was to research the mineral nitrogen (Nmin) behavior in loamy haplic Luvisols of orchards located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland. The seasonal dynamics of N min (ammonium + nitrates) was studied during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 in field experiments with apple and sour cherry. Fertilizers were applied annually in spring at doses increasing from N30K40 to N120K160. The most important factors influencing the nitrogen dynamics were meteorological conditions, productivity of trees, peculiarities of nitrogen uptake by the studied crops. Fertilization of orchards with nitrogen contributed to an increase in Nmin content by 1.5 … 5 times, depending on the dose. The dynamics of Nmin in the soil of fertilized and unfertilized plots was similar and depended on the biological features of the crops: the lowest indicator’s level in the soil under sour cherry was in July during fruit ripening, while in the apple orchard a low nitrogen content was noted in August. Studies have shown that in the climatic conditions of the Central Russian Uplands, loamy haplic Luvisols without additional application of nitrogen fertilizers can provide a favorable level of nitrogen nutrition for apple and sour cherry trees in the first years of fruiting.
Effectiveness of manganese nanoparticles in the treatment of spring triticale seeds
Authors: Vyushina Olga
Published: October 2021

In this work we studied the effect of finished preparative forms with manganese nanoparticles (monohydrate sulfate) with different contents and inclusion of stabilizers and solution modifiers on the growth and development of spring triticale plants in the first phases of ontogenesis. A positive effect of manganese on the increase of seed germination energy and germination of spring triticale at the dosage of Mn 20 mg/g + (PVP), with the drug consumption rate of 5 ml/t, was found. In this variant, both manganese and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution stabilizer are determined to be positive. The inclusion of collagen hydrolysate (GC) and Ag-K modifier in the combination of the stabilizer solution, where the Mn content is 10 mg/g, negatively affected and reduced the germination energy by 13-17% compared to the control variant. Increasing the manganese content in the samples up to 20 mg/g levels out the negative effect of Ag-K modifier on seed germination. A positive effect within 7 days in most variants, both on the length of the sprout and on its weight was traced in the application of manganese with its content in the samples of 20 mg/g with a rate of 1 ml/t.
Sour milk beverage preparation technology
Authors: Vlasova Zh.A. , Gasieva V.A. , Semenov P.N. , Cheldieva L.Sh. , Kruglova E.A.
Published: October 2021

In order to expand the range of dairy products for the elderly, a technology has been developed for preparing a fermented milk drink with stevia, using a combined starter culture from kefir fungi, bulgarian bacillus, thermophilic streptococcus and bifidobacteria. During the research, modern standard methods were used. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Research Institute of Agroecology of the Gorsk State Agrarian University, in the laboratory of food products of the commodity-technological faculty of the Gorsky State Agrarian University, in the Scientific Laboratory of Feed and Metabolism of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. In laboratory conditions, the quality of milk and fermented milk drink was determined. The organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological indicators of the quality of milk and milk drink, the amino acid composition of proteins, the content of toxic elements, and nutritional value have been investigated. During our research, we found that the quality of the used pasteurized cow's milk meets the requirements of the standard and TR CU. During laboratory studies, it was found that the quality indicators of the fermented milk drink are within the requirements of the current NTD. According to economic calculations, the production of this product is profitable.
Influence of bacterial metabolites from permafrost on morphophysiological parameters of potato material in vitro*
Authors: Renev N.O. , Rodina E.S. , Subbotin A.M. , Malchevskiy V.A.
Published: October 2021

The effect of secondary metabolites of bacteria from permafrost rocks on the in vitro morphophysiological parameters of potato microplants has been studied. Microplants of Zhukovsky ranniy potato variety were used as the object of the study. The experimental results indicate that when potato microplants are grown in vitro together in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium with the bacteria metabolites of the Bacillus cereus 9-08-CH9 and Achromobacter spanius 10-50TS2 strains introduced at the grafting time at a dose of 250 μl, they have the highest inhibitory effect. Secondary metabolites of these bacterial strains have a significant increase in the number of internodes at all stages of plant cultivation, which can accelerate the in vitro replication of material for original potato seed production. Metabolites of the bacterial strain Bacillus cereus 875TS in the indicated concentrations cause growth inhibition and delay in the development of microplants’ root system at the initial cultivation stages.
The use of cloprostenol to reduce the diestral phase of the sexual cycle of mares
Authors: Solodova Elena
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the pregnancy rates of mares depending on the duration of the intervals from cloprostenol preparation injection to ovulation. It was found that with a decrease in the interval (≤7 days), the pregnancy rate decreases by 30% (p≤0.05). To determine the optimal time for cloprostenol use, an analysis of the intervals from injection to ovulation was performed, depending on the day of the sexual cycle and the largest follicle diameter. The average intervals before ovulation in the groups, depending on the day of injection (5, 6-7, 8-10, 11-15 days), have a duration from 8.5±0.4 to 11.1±0.5 days. However, it is difficult to predict the time of ovulation, since the duration of the interval from cloprostenol treatment to ovulation varies greatly, the difference in the extreme values in the groups can be from 8 to 13 days. More precisely, it is possible to predict the duration of the interval until the follicle reaches 35 mm with a known diameter of the largest follicle at the time of injection. In this way, in the group with the diameter of the largest follicle ≤22 mm, this interval is 7.13±0.17 days, from 23 to 26 mm - 4.59±0.16 days, from 27 to 30 mm - 2.91±0.13 days. The difference in the duration of the intervals before ovulation in these groups is more significant – from 5 to 11 days and depends on the individual duration of the mare estrus.
Mechanization of milk production in the rotary milking parlor with loose cubicle technology for cow keeping
Authors: Kudrin M.R. , Shklyaev A.L. , Shklyaev K.L. , Deryushev I.A. , Kostin A.V.
Published: October 2021

The research was carried out in “Udmurtia” agricultural produc-tion co-operative (collective farm) of the Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic". A complex for keeping 1200 cows with loose cubicle technolo-gy for cow keeping with milking in the milking parlor using the rotary milking equipment was built on the farm for the first time in the Udmurt Republic. In the course of the study, technological operations during keep-ing, feeding, milking cows at the rotary milking unit were studied; the tim-ing of the cow milking process and the sequence of operations were carried out. Based on the research results, specific recommendations were given to the farm.
The dynamics of blood composition is the main indicator of the adaptability of Holstein cattle to the conditions of the South of Russia
Authors: Kurashev Zh.Kh. , Gukezhev V.M. , Zhekamukhov M.Kh. , Vorokov V.Kh. , Shibzukhov Z.S.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a comparative assessment of the dynamics of biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood of the black-and-white Holstein breed of the Dutch breeding in the conditions of a robotic farm for the first two lactation to establish the influence of climatic conditions on the adaptation process. It was found that, with the exception of the hemoglobin concentration (HGB), increases in the level of their content were noted for all other analyzed blood parameters, which indicates a different degree of overload experienced by animals in conditions of a sharp change in climatic conditions. It is quite natural that the climate, the feeding conditions, and the maintenance (composition and structure of the diet), although the level of feeding is quite high, cannot but affect the physiological state of the animals to varying degrees, which must be considered during operation.
Digitalization - mainstream in optimizing the solution of breeding problems
Authors: Kalinkina G.V. , Dubrovin A.V. , Kuptsova N.A. , Datsyshin A.A.
Published: October 2021

In the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, technical and technological modernization of all sectors of the national economy is defined as a strategic condition for the effective development of the Russian economy. Along with other branches of animal husbandry, horse breeding is also subject to modernization, especially in terms of optimizing the solution of breeding problems. The assessment of typicality and conformation becomes extremely important for those breeds where breeding work has been focused on maintaining an authentic type of constitution for a long time. The purpose of the research was to analyze alternative methods for assessing the conformation of horses of different breeds and productivity directions, to develop a method for photographing animals with subsequent image processing using digital technologies. The article discusses the actual problem of the subjectivity of horse conformation evaluation. It has been determined that obtaining sufficiently reliable data is possible both from a photograph taken with a camera with a long-focus lens and using a smartphone camera. Significant conformation differences have been established between the original and Russian populations of Shetland ponies. The expediency of using an innovative assessment method that meets the modern needs of horse breeding was shown.
Ecological and epizootological characteristics of the main helminthiasis of pigs in farms of the Altai Krai
Authors: Ponamarev Nikolay , Tikhaya Natalia , Novikova Marina , Plotnikova Svetlana , Chekunkova Yulia
Published: October 2021

Animal parasites cause significant economic damage to pig farming. Of the parasitic diseases common to humans and animals, trichinosis is the most dangerous. The purpose of this work is to study the ecological and epizootological distribution of the main helminths of pigs in farms in the Altai Krai. Helminthoscopic studies to detect the spread of ascaris, metastrongyls, esophagostomas and trichocephalians were carried out in the same farms and in the same pigs. The viability of the detected ascaris eggs was determined bytheir appearance d, as well as by fculturing the eggs in a wet chamber in a thermostat at a temperature of 25-30C for 15-20 days. In pigs in the Altai Krai, according to CHA (complete helminthological autopsy) data, 3 types of metastrongyls are parasitized in the lungs: M. salmi, M. elongatus and M. pudentotectus. The dominant species is M. elongatus. The conducted studies showed that the objects of the external environment were strongly infected with ascaris eggs. According to the practical significance of pig nematodes in the Altai Krai, ascaris, metastrongyls, trichocephalians and trichinella should be considered. Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, the assessment of helminthiasis of pigs in farms of the Altai Krai is given.
Mutational and phylogenetic status of west siberian strains of BLV
Authors: Blazhko Natalia , Shatokhin Kirill , Khripko Yuriy , Ngirande Charity , Kochnev Nikolai
Published: October 2021

The study is devoted of full-genome BLV sequences circulating in cattle populations of the Novosibirsk region, Russia. The phylogenetic tree shows that the West Siberian isolates are quite closely related to such previously isolated strains as AF399704 (Brazil), AP018007, AP018016, AP018019, LC007988, LC007991 (Japan) and EF065638 (Belgium) we calculations show that the number of mutations that could independently occur in parallel evolving BLV strains significantly exceeds the expected number based on the probability of corresponding substitutions. It was also found that the studied isolates have some mutations, the presence of which, at first glance, is possible only with their divergent development in different independently evolving branches. However, calculations show that the probability of an independent origin of an identical mutation is extremely small, which indicates the possibility of exchanging RNA sites between isolates circulating in West Siberian cattle populations.
On-site veterinary and sanitary examination of emergency slaughtered poultry
Authors: Seregin I.G. , Nikitchenko V.E. , Nikitchenko D.V. , Snoz G.V. , Kondrashkina K.M.
Published: October 2021

The paper reports the veterinary culling rates and emergency slaughter statistics at poultry factories; it also analyses the veterinary and sanitary quality of carcasses of culled poultry in comparison to that of a healthy population. This analysis identifies organoleptic, physical, chemical, and microbiological differences between the two categories of meat. Finally, based on this data, the paper draws recommendations on the most optimal and safe use of meat produced by emergency slaughter.
Functional state of the udder of cows after the treatment of the udder nipples with hygiene products during milking
Authors: Filatova A.V. , Bibaeva Yu.V. , Kozlov S.V. , Nistratova M.V. , Avdeenko V.S.
Published: October 2021

During the experiments, it was found that the latent period of the breast-feeding reflex is 22.8% less, the milking time is 10.8% less. The average milking intensity increases by 22.7%, intravenous pressure - by 19.4%, with an increase in single milk yield by 15.3%. The concentration of Staph. aigees, Strep. agalactiae, was lower when the nipples were immersed in a solution of hygiene products "Chlorhexidine bigluconate-aloe" and "Teasfoam Supercow-olive oil" before and after milking, compared with untreated nipples. Controlled treatment of the udder nipples and mammary gland with the hygienic product "HGB aloe" before and after cow milking with high milk yields in 2.4% of animals prevents hyperkeratosis of the udder nipples and in 12.1% subclinical mastitis, against 5.4% heperkeratosis and 26.5% subclinical mastitis of control groups of dairy cows. Using hygienic products, an increase in milk yield in cows is provided by 18.45...22.0%, and the functioning of the udder by 16.45...26.34 %. To improve the functioning of the udder during lactation in cows, hygiene products "Chlorhexidine bigluconate-aloe" or "Teasfoam Supercow–olive oil" should be used to treat the udder nipples before and after each milking.
Ethological evaluation of pig welfare under different keeping technologies in Siberian conditions
Authors: Zhuchaev Konstantin , Orlov Dmitry , Borisenko Ekaterina , Kochneva Marina , Hart Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The authors found that the system of keeping gestating sows on a breeding farm increases the risk of animal welfare related to technological problems and insufficient staff training (contamination, human fear, local infections, inflammation of joints). The negative impact of industrial technology on the welfare of gestating sows is manifested in the increased frequency of torso injuries and fear of humans. Limb problems in sows on a farm kept without walking are related to a low management level, as no such problems were observed in the industrial complex. The welfare of sows on small farms can be ensured by improving the technological level of production and the skills of maintenance personnel.
Monitoring of fish diseases in the Magadan region
Authors: Vitomskova E.A.
Published: October 2021

In such a large region as the Far North-East of Russia, there is still no purposeful ichthyopathological study of fish diseases, which has epizootic and epidemiological significance. The material for the study was commercial fish caught in different seasons of 1995-2021. As a result of the research, individuals of natural populations and in aquaculture with clinical signs of infectious and parasitic diseases were found, and cultures of virulent strains of microorganisms were isolated. According to the results of the parasitological study, larvae of nematodes of the family Anisakidae and plerocercoids of cestodes Diphyllobothriidae, which have important epidemiological and epizootic significance, were registered. Based on long-term ichthyopathological studies, a retrospective review of own data was carried out. The analysis of infectious diseases of mature individuals of anadromous Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus, as well as long-term parasitological monitoring in a comparative aspect of the invasion of commercial fish by helminths dangerous to human and animal health, is presented.
Digital methodology for analyzing the yield of sugar beet on leached chernozem of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Drozdova Victoria , Buldykova Irina , Kazakevich Anastasia , Griguletsky Vladimir
Published: October 2021

In the article, a mathematical expression is obtained that characterizes the effect of the doses of introduced fertilizers, the content of nutrients in the soil and their absorption by sugar beet plants on the yield of this crop. With the help of the developed mathematical model, the optimal values of the content of macronutrients in soil and plants are determined: nitrogen ~ 21.81 mg/kg and 1.02 %; phosphorus ~ 58.88 mg/kg and 0.33 %; potassium ~ 120.21 mg/kg and 1.33%, respectively, which accumulate when introducing a complete fertilizer at a dose of N80P80K80. This leads to the achievement of the maximum yield of root crops, which corresponds to the calculated value of this indicator ≈of 56.94 and 64.6 t/ha and coincides with the experimental one = 57.9 and 62.0 t/ha, respectively, obtained in this variant. The introduced fertilizers containing boron contributed to a more intensive absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by root crops. The use of trace elements causes a tendency to increase the yield of this crop.
New perspectives on output feedback stabilization at an unobservable target
Authors: Brivadis Lucas , Gauthier Jean-Paul , Sacchelli Ludovic , Serres Ulysse
Published: October 2021

We address the problem of dynamic output feedback stabilization at an unobservable target point. The challenge lies in according the antagonistic nature of the objective and the properties of the system: the system tends to be less observable as it approaches the target. We illustrate two main ideas: well chosen perturbations of a state feedback law can yield new observability properties of the closed-loop system, and embedding systems into bilinear systems admitting observers with dissipative error systems allows to mitigate the observability issues. We apply them on a case of systems with linear dynamics and nonlinear observation map and make use of an ad hoc finite-dimensional embedding. More generally, we introduce a new strategy based on infinite-dimensional unitary embeddings. To do so, we extend the usual definition of dynamic output feedback stabilization in order to allow infinite-dimensional observers fed by the output. We show how this technique, based on representation theory, may be applied to achieve output feedback stabilization at an unobservable target.
X-ray diffraction analysis of a sintered product made of electroerosive chromium-containing powder
Authors: Khardikov S.V. , Ageeva E.V. , Serebrovsky V.I. , Kolmykov V.I.
Published: October 2021

This article presents the results of x-ray diffraction analysis of a sintered sample made of X13 alloy electroerosive materials obtained in butyl alcohol. It was found that in the sintered sample by the method of spark plasma sintering from alloy X13, the main phases are Fe, Cr, and FeNi3.
Modeling of structural transformation kinetics in steels during their heat treatment
Authors: Roslyakova Liudmila , Paukov Vladimir , Besedin Aleksandr , Suchilkin Vadim
Published: October 2021

Analysis of carbide phase growth kinetics during carburizing of steel has been made in this paper, using experimental and calculated data obtained according to the classical theory of transformations in metals and alloys.
Using the Achimovka Technique in the Oil Industry as One of the Modern Ways of Increasing the Competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the World Market
Authors: Kuzmina Violetta
Published: October 2021

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the modern oil market is characterized by instability and high competition. Depletion of oil fields, deterioration of equipment for oil production, price volatility and political conflicts negatively affect Russia’s position in the global energy market. New economic conditions in 2021 are associated with a decrease in demand for oil and oil products, high import dependence, conservation wells to complete the deal under OPEC ++, which will lead to a fall in the market by 3-10%. It is necessary to apply new methods of oil production, one of which is the method of achimovka oil fields. Methods. The initial materials were statistical data from the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, world rating reports.

Results. The pandemic and self-isolation of 2020 led to the fact that the Russian oil sector lost 50-60% of proceeds from the export of hydrocarbons, more than 50% of its capitalization. To support the industry, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia will allocate 35 billion rubles. until 2024 for the development of new offshore and deep oil deposits.

Conclusions. For Russian oil companies, the following is relevant: search for new sales markets (for example, Asia); application of innovative technologies to maintain the profitability of oil and gas production through the development of bazhen and achimovka; development of small deposits and deposits with hard-to-recover reserves.
CFD study on the effect of the oxygen lance inclination angle on the decarburization kinetics of liquid steel in the EAF
Authors: Ramirez-Argaez Marco A. , Conejo Alberto N.
Published: October 2021

In Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking the main chemical reaction is the decarburization reaction. This reaction is promoted by the injection of oxygen using supersonic or coherent jets and further chemical reaction with dissolved carbon in liquid steel at high temperatures. A 3D mathematical model to describe the effect of the injection angle, oxygen gas flow rate and number of lances on the decarburization kinetics of molten steel, in the absence of the top slag layer has been developed. The model has been validated using experimental data reported in the literature. The model shows that the decarburization kinetics is promoted by decreasing the injection angle from the horizontal, condition that improves both bath movement and reaction kinetics. These findings suggest that current injection angles in industrial EAF’s can be decreased in order to improve the decarburization rate. The main mechanism is the effect of the gas jet on the motion of the liquid. Taking into consideration that decreasing the injection angle from the horizontal promotes splashing, the numerical model predictions are employed to suggest alternative solutions in order to reach high decarburization rates.
Effect of melt structure property on Al2O3 activity in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system for blast furnace slag with different Al2O3 content
Authors: Hu Xinguang , Shen Fengman , Zheng Haiyan , Guo Yongchun , Jiang Xin , Gao Qiangjian
Published: October 2021

With the shortage of high-quality iron ore resources, more and more attention has been paid to the blast furnace (BF) smelting of Al2O3-rich iron ore in recent years. Thus, investigation on the thermodynamics property of Al2O3-rich blast furnace slag was inevitable in order to produce high quality hot metal with low cost. In this paper, based on the determination of Al2O3 activity by reference slag method at 1873 K in previous study, the effect of the mechanism of slag structure property on Al2O3 activity in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 system was discussed by Raman spectra analysis. It was found that the [AlO4] structure was polymerized and [SiO4] structure was depolymerized with the Al2O3 content increasing from 10 wt.% to 18 wt.%, which caused the Al2O3 activity increased.
Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molars in a Qatari Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Al-Obaid Maryam Mohammed , Al-Sheeb Fatima Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of roots and canal configuration of maxillary first and second molars in Qatari population.

Materials and Methods A total of 544 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of Qatari patients were included in this study. The CBCT images were reviewed by two endodontists. The age, sex, bilateral symmetry, root number, and canal configuration according to Vertucci were tabulated.

Results About 97.5% maxillary first molars had three roots and 2.5% had two roots. Maxillary second molar showed 88.2% three roots, 7.3% two roots, 3.3% single root, and 1.2% four roots. For maxillary first molars, the most common Vertucci classifications for the mesiobuccal root were type IV (2-2, 35.9%) and type II (2-1, 21.1%). For maxillary second molars, the most common Vertucci classifications for the mesiobuccal root were type IV (2-2, 27%), type III (1-2-1, 21.3%), type I (1, 19.6%), and type II (2-1, 18.9%). In maxillary first molar, 53.1% right is different from the left and in maxillary second molars, 60.2% right is different from the left.

Conclusions In Qatari population, three roots are common in maxillary molars. Mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars is predominant with Vertucci type IV (2-2) and type II (2-1). Maxillary second molars showed variable Vertucci classification. High bilateral asymmetry was found in canal configuration of the same individuals that should be considered during root canal treatment of two opposite molars.
The Retrospective Analysis of Google Queries Related to Cardiovascular Diseases Symptoms in the Years 2004–2019
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Borger Michał , Bogdański Paweł
Published: October 2021

The Internet enables immediate access to health-related information. We aimed to rank the complaints related to cardiovascular diseases among Google users globally and locally as well as investigate secular and seasonal trends in the years 2004 to 2019. We used Google Trends (GT) to identify and analyze course over time and regional interest of seven topics: “Chest pain,” “Cyanosis,” “Edema,” “Orthopnea,” “Palpitation,” “Shortness of breath,” and “Syncope.” We analyzed secular trends using the seasonal Mann–Kendall test and seasonal variation using time series decomposition. We calculated the interest of all topics in proportion to the relative search volume (RSV) of “Chest Pain.” Globally the most popular topics were: “Edema” (proportion to RSV of “Chest pain,” 1.39), “Chest pain” (1.00), and Syncope (0.71). “Chest pain” was predominately searched in n = 25 countries, while “Edema” in n = 24, “Syncope” in n = 9, and “Shortness of breath” in n = 3. The RSV of all topics increases over time and the most dynamically for “Chest pain” (4.30 RSV/year), “Shortness of breath” (3.87 RSV/year), and “Palpitations” (3.69 RSV/year). Interest in “Chest pain,” “Cyanosis,” “Orthopnea,” “Palpitations,” and “Syncope” peaks in fall and winter, while interest in “Edema” in midsummer and “Shortness of breath” in April. Google users were particularly interested in “Edema,” “Chest pain,” and “Syncope.” The interest in cardiovascular diseases-related symptoms increases over time and presents explicable seasonal variations. The Internet plays the acquisition of health-related information; thus, professionals should create and recommend evidence-based information sources for their patients.
Defining Anastomotic Leak and the Clinical Relevance of Leaks
Authors: Ellis Clayton Tyler , Maykel Justin A.
Published: October 2021

Surgeons universally dread gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks, yet the precise definition is not widely agreed on despite international consensus guidelines. Likewise, leaks are not uniformly reported which makes comparisons across studies flawed. Leak rates range from 1 to 3% for ileocolonic, 0.5 to 18% for colorectal, and 5 to 19% for coloanal anastomoses. The sequelae of an anastomotic leak vary but generally correlate with the need for a change in clinical management, from minimal changes to the need for reoperation. Short- and long-term outcomes can be life-altering or life-threatening. Temporary or permanent stomas may be necessary and low pelvic anastomotic leaks may affect bowel function. For cancer patients, leaks can delay treatment and negatively affect oncologic outcomes. In Crohn's patients, leaks are associated with higher recurrence rates. In essence, the lack of agreement on the definition of an anastomotic leak inhibits meaningful understand of its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment.
Special Considerations of Anastomotic Leaks in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Jeganathan N. Nimalan A. , Koltun Walter A.
Published: October 2021

Rates of anastomotic leak following intestinal resections in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease are significantly influenced by clinical characteristics. While the literature can be contradictory due to significant heterogeneity in the published data, several common themes appear to consistently arise. With respect to Crohn's disease, low serum albumin, preoperative abscess, reoperative abdominal surgery, and steroid use are associated with an increased risk of postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications. On the contrary, biologic therapy, immunomodulator use, and method of anastomosis appear not to confer increased anastomotic-related complications. Undoubtedly, a low rate of anastomotic leakage is inherent to procedures within colorectal surgery but diligent attention must be paid to identify, optimize, and, therefore, reduce known risks.
The Efficacy of Hydrodilatation for the Prevention of Vasospasm following Microsurgical Anastomosis
Authors: Serin Merdan , Bayramiçli Mehmet , Çilingir Kaya Özlem Tuğçe , Levent Hilal Nişva , Akdeniz Doğan Zeynep Deniz , Ercan Alp , Kurt Yazar Sevgi
Published: October 2021

Background Vasospasm is a major problem following microsurgical reconstruction which can result in the partial or complete loss of the flap tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrodilatation for the prevention of vasospasm.

Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were used for this experimental study. Femoral arteries of were exposed, photographed, and transected. In group 1, group 2, and group 3 papaverine solution, hydrodilatation, and minimal mechanical dilatation (control group) was performed, respectively. The anastomosis was completed and the arteries were photographed again 10 minutes after completion of the anastomosis. Following 7-day period samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy were obtained.

Results The mean vessel diameters prior to transection were 0.43, 0.45, and 0.52 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. The mean vessel diameter 10 minutes following the completion of anastomosis was 0.76, 0.75, and 0.51 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. Median score for papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 2, 3, 2, and 3 positive, respectively. Median score for the papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 3, 3, 3, and 3 positive, respectively. All the histological scores were negative in the control group. The difference between the control group and the experiment groups 1 and 2 was significant regarding all four histological parameters (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Hydrodilatation and papaverine application were both effective in preventing vasospasm following microsurgical intervention but papaverine caused slightly less damage to the endothelial lining and less edema in the tunica adventitia when compared with the hydrodilatation. Hydrodilatation group showed a vasodilatory effect that was statistically similar to that of papaverine, which has a proven efficacy.
Thenar and Hypothenar Muscle Coverage on the Transverse Carpal Ligament
Authors: Alsafar Farah , Li Zong-Ming
Published: October 2021

Background The purpose of the study was to examine the coverage of thenar and hypothenar muscles on the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in the radioulnar direction through in vivo ultrasound imaging of the carpal tunnel. We hypothesized that the TCL distance covered by the thenar muscle would be greater than that by the hypothenar muscle, and that total muscle coverage on the TCL would be greater than the TCL-alone region.

Methods Ultrasound videos of human wrist were collected on 20 healthy subjects. Automated algorithms were used to extract the distal cross-sectional image of the trapezium-hamate level. Manual tracing of the anatomical features was conducted.

Results Thenar muscles covered a significantly larger distance (11.9 ± 1.8 mm) as compared with hypothenar muscles (1.7 ± 0.8 mm) (p < 0.001). The TCL covered by thenar and hypothenar muscles was greater than the TCL-alone length (p < 0.001). The thenar and hypothenar muscle coverage on the TCL, as normalized to the total TCL length, was 61.0 ± 7.5%.

Conclusions More than 50% of the TCL at the distal carpal tunnel is covered by thenar and hypothenar muscles. Knowledge of muscular attachments to the TCL improves our understanding of carpal tunnel syndrome etiology and can guide carpal tunnel release surgery.
Enhancing mechanical properties of NbZrMo alloy by maximizing configurational entropy from first-principles calculations
Authors: Rizvandi Mahdi , Sadeghi Ali
Published: October 2021

High entropy alloys have been widely studied due to their unique physical properties compared to pure metals or conventional alloys with a single principal metallic component. We use ab initio calculations as the most prominent approach to investigate physical properties of materials to study mechanical properties of random ternary alloys NbZrMo. The equation of state and energy–stress relations are fitted to the ground-state energies from density functional theory calculations on structures with randomly arranged atoms on the crystallographic positions of the simple lattices. Among a couple of factors that determine the entropy of structure we consider the configuration that has the main effect on entropy at low temperatures. Several mechanical parameters and moduli are evaluated, and their dependence on the alloy composition is studied. We show that the alloy with the highest configuration entropy possesses the largest Young’s and bulk modulus values. The enhancement of other mechanical properties is also observed.
A single-frequency single-resonator laser on erbium-doped lithium niobate on insulator
Authors: Li Tieying , Wu Kan , Cai Minglu , Xiao Zeyu , Zhang Hongyi , Li Chao , Xiang Junmin , Huang Yi , Chen Jianping
Published: October 2021

Erbium-doped lithium niobate on insulator (Er:LNOI) is a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits as it adds gain to the LNOI system and enables on-chip lasers and amplifiers. A challenge for the Er:LNOI laser is to increase its output power while maintaining single-frequency and single (-transverse)-mode operation. In this work, we demonstrate that single-frequency and single-mode operation can be achieved even in a single multi-mode Er:LNOI microring by introducing mode-dependent loss and gain competition. In a single microring with a free spectral range of 192 GHz, we have achieved single-mode lasing with an output power of 2.1 µW, a side-mode suppression of 35.5 dB, and a linewidth of 0.9 MHz.
Aero-elastic behavior of open-type one-way tensioned membrane structure models
Authors: Chen Zhaoqing , Yin Liang , Tang Lixiang , Wang Shuang
Published: October 2021

Wind tunnel tests were conducted on an aero-elastic model of an open-type one-way tensioned membrane to investigate the aero-elastic instability mechanism of membrane structures. The structural response and wind velocities above the membrane were measured and analyzed. Complementary simulations were carried out to explain the interaction between the wind and the structure. The results indicate that the aero-elastic instability of the membrane is a kind of vortex induced vibration. This kind of instability is characterized by a sudden increase in the amplitude, or a sudden change in the dominant vibration mode, when the coming flow velocity exceeds a certain value. The vortices generated around the time-averaged deformation of the membrane lead to vortex induced vibration when the dominant frequency of the vortices is close to a certain natural frequency of the membrane. When the aero-elastic instability occurs, the frequency of the vortices is locked in by the structural vibration within a certain coming flow velocity range, and the total damping ratio of the vibration decreases dramatically and becomes nearly zero. Finally, the critical wind velocities are defined, and the reduced critical wind velocities corresponding to the first and second aero-elastic instabilities are 0.84 and 2.3 approximately.
Modeling and experimental analysis of particle damping phononic crystal plate
Authors: Zhang Yuanchao , Xu Wei , Wang Chiming , Li Zhengmin , Cheng Jianwei , Zhang Shengwu
Published: October 2021

A phononic crystal with particle assembly dampers was constructed. A high-speed camera was used to record and observe the vibration phenomenon of the particle assembly under external excitation. By analyzing the vibrations of the particle assembly, a continuous system equivalent to the discrete particle assembly was proposed. The particle damping equivalent model was fitted to data using an artificial neural network. Two particle damping phononic crystal plates were designed. Based on the equivalent model, a particle damping phononic crystal model was established. The results of the simulations and experiments showed that the average damping effect of the particle damping structure was greater than 75%. Particle damping phononic crystals possess excellent low vibration transmission characteristics, narrow bandgap characteristics at low frequencies, and high damping characteristics.
The overlap gap property: A topological barrier to optimizing over random structures
Authors: Gamarnik David
Published: October 2021

The problem of optimizing over random structures emerges in many areas of science and engineering, ranging from statistical physics to machine learning and artificial intelligence. For many such structures, finding optimal solutions by means of fast algorithms is not known and often is believed not to be possible. At the same time, the formal hardness of these problems in the form of the complexity-theoreticNP-hardness is lacking. A new approach for algorithmic intractability in random structures is described in this article, which is based on the topological disconnectivity property of the set of pairwise distances of near-optimal solutions, called the Overlap Gap Property. The article demonstrates how this property 1) emerges in most models known to exhibit an apparent algorithmic hardness; 2) is consistent with the hardness/tractability phase transition for many models analyzed to the day; and, importantly, 3) allows to mathematically rigorously rule out a large class of algorithms as potential contenders, specifically the algorithms that exhibit the input stability (insensitivity).
The magnetic proximity effect at the MoS2/CrI3 interface
Authors: Yin Zhi-Bo , Chen Xiao-Yan , Wang Yun-Peng , Long Meng-Qiu
Published: October 2021

The vicinity to a two-dimensional magnetic material provides a simple and effective way to break the valley degeneracy of transition-metal dichalcogenides because of the magnetic proximity effect. Based on first-principles calculations, we study the band structure of a MoS2/CrI3 van der Waals heterostructure and its manipulation by vertical electric fields. A huge valley splitting of about 19.60 meV, equivalent to an external magnetic fields of about 89.0 T can be generated by an electric field of 0.115 V Å−1. The electric field causes discontinuous changes in the valley splitting. The electric field drives the bands of MoS2 across those of CrI3. At the critical electric fields, the interlayer orbital hybridization leads to the energy level repulsion and an abrupt exchange of the band index. We also study the effect of interlayer distance on the valley splitting and observe a more significant electric field modulation. This work deepens our understanding on the interfacial magnetic proximity effect as a result of the orbital hybridization across the van der Waals gap.
Superintegrability of Calogero–Moser systems associated with the cyclic quiver
Authors: Fairon Maxime , Görbe Tamás
Published: October 2021

We study complex integrable systems on quiver varieties associated with the cyclic Noquiver, and prove their superintegrability by explicitly constructing first integrals. We interpret them as rational Calogero–Moser systems endowed with internal degrees of freedom called spins. They encompass the usual systems in type A

n−1 and B

n
, as well as generalisations introduced by Chalykh and Silantyev in connection with the multicomponent KP hierarchy. We also prove that superintegrability is preserved when a harmonic oscillator potential is added.
Introduction
Authors: Castronovo Russ , Hutner Gordon
Published: October 2021

The introduction to this special issue provides the occasion and discusses the exigency of examining the political, aesthetic, historical, and pedagogical functions of literary criticism at this moment in the twenty-first century. By considering others who have taken up similar inquiries, notably Matthew Arnold, Edward Said, and Northrop Frye, this introduction takes stock of the current state of criticism and makes some projections about its future. It discerns that critical practice is often a function of mood. To that end, it identifies how four moods—urgency, buoyancy, hopelessness, and scholasticism—hover over the functions of criticism at the present time.
Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Spinosad in Summer, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O.
Published: October 2021

Spinosad DE-105 1.6% was evaluated for its ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at Mattawa, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. The 50% egg hatch and 50% + 14 d treatments were applied 28 Jun and 10 Jul, and the 100% egg hatch and 100% + 14 d treatments were applied 10 Jul and 24 Jul. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 28 Jul. The total number of live OBLR larvae found in a 10-min search on all 8 trees of a treatment replication was counted.
Group intrusions by a brood parasitic fish are not cooperative
Authors: Blažek Radim , Polačik Matěj , Reichard Martin
Published: October 2021

Brood parasites relegate all parental duties to unrelated hosts. Host resistance against brood parasitism is most effective during egg laying and is best countered by surreptitious oviposition. This may be aided through distraction of host attention by the male partner or a larger cooperative group. Cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) parasitize the broods of mouthbrooding cichlids, which collect their eggs immediately after oviposition. Cuckoo catfish must time their intrusion precisely, as the temporal window for parasitism lasts only a few seconds. As the cuckoo catfish typically intrude host spawning as a group, we tested whether groups of catfish distract spawning cichlid pairs more successfully than a single catfish pair. We found that larger catfish groups were not more effective in parasitism, as parasitism success by groups of three catfish pairs increased only proportionally to single catfish pairs. The number of cichlid eggs in host clutches decreased at high catfish abundance, apparently due to elevated cuckoo catfish predation on the eggs. Hence, group intrusions do not represent cooperative actions, but incur an increased cost to the host cichlid from greater egg predation by cuckoo catfish.
Beyond Benson: From Law & Order: SVU to Holland’s Grenslanders, Female Masculinity in Crime Dramas Fall Victim to Feminized Tropes
Authors: Sowa Lauren Alexandra
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes television’s (2010s) female detectives, Olivia Benson of Law & Order: SVU (NBC, 1999–) and Tara Dessel of Grenslanders (AVROTROS, 2019), as a cross-cultural example of compromised and negotiated female masculinity. Their designed traits of “heterosexuality” and/or “the feminine” are used as countering affects to undermine the female masculinity and queer ambiguity of these characters. Through Detective Dessel, I demonstrate how race further complicates readings of female masculinity. I argue that television depictions of cis-woman characters are ill-served when the possibilities for masculinity or sexual ambiguity is obfuscated by conventionally feminine appearance, heterosexual love interests, and other narrative components.
Crystalline podocytopathy and tubulopathy linked to kappa light chain deposits in a context of smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Eymieux Sébastien , Miquelestorena-Standley Elodie , Rabot Nolwenn , Maisons Valentin , Touchard Guy , Blanchard Emmanuelle
Published: October 2021

A 42-year-old man with smoldering immunoglobulin G kappa multiple myeloma showed a heavy proteinuria composed of free light chain, prompting performance of a kidney biopsy. Electron microscopy revealed numerous rhomboid-shaped crystals labelled by the anti-kappa in immunogold, notably in the cytoplasm of podocytes, establishing the diagnosis of crystalline podocytopathy. This case illustrates a rare form of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, and highlights the key role of electron microscopy and immunogold to better elucidate the location and composition of crystals.