bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pure-Chance Jobs versus a Labor Market: The Impact on Careers of a Random Serial Dictatorship for First Job Seekers
Authors: Arora Ashna , Goff Leonard , Hjort Jonas
Published: May 2021

Do workers' first jobs affect their careers? Do such first-job effects (FJEs) vary across worker types? If so, can policy improve upon a “free” labor market by altering initial worker-employer matches? We study these questions using Norway's pre-2013 system of assigning doctors to their first job–residencies–through a random serial dictatorship. This generated individual-level variation in workers' choice sets over employers, which we use as instrumental variables to estimate FJEs. We then decompose workers' preferences over first employers into FJEs-on-earnings and employer “amenity value” components, showing how matches and worker welfare changed in the post-2013 decentralized labor market.
Inference for Support Vector Regression under ℓ1 Regularization
Authors: Bai Yuehao , Ho Hung , Pouliot Guillaume A. , Shea Joshua
Published: May 2021

We provide large-sample distribution theory for support vector regression (SVR) with l1-norm along with error bars for the SVR regression coefficients. Although a classical Wald confidence interval obtains from our theory, its implementation inherently depends on the choice of a tuning parameter that scales the variance estimate and thus the width of the error bars. We address this shortcoming by further proposing an alternative large-sample inference method based on the inversion of a novel test statistic that displays competitive power properties and does not depend on the choice of a tuning parameter.
Adapting to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Droste Michael , Stock James H.
Published: May 2021

From early in the COVID-19 pandemic, economists have stressed the importance of individuals endogenously changing their behavior to reduce their risk of infection. This paper quantifies time variation in the endogenous behavioral response of economic activity to the prevalence of the virus using an estimated behavioral SIR model with time-varying parameters. We find significant variation in both the relationship between economic activity and viral prevalence and the relationship between transmissibility and economic activity. This variation reflects adaptation to the pandemic and has implications both for specification of behavioral SIR models and for the next stage of the pandemic.
Local Industrial Policy and Sectoral Hubs
Authors: Rossi-Hansberg Esteban , Sarte Pierre-Daniel , Schwartzman Felipe
Published: May 2021

We study the desirability of industrial policies that generate sectoral hubs using a quantitative spatial model with cognitive nonroutine and other occupations. The productivity of each occupation in an industry depends on sector-specific production externalities, which we estimate using a model-implied instrumental variable approach. We find that the optimal policy gives rise to national hubs in coastal cities in tradable services, like professional services, and smaller regional hubs in less tradable services, like health and education. The optimal policy prescribes developing manufacturing in smaller towns. We decompose the implied changes in local costs and the available varieties in each sector.
Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research
Authors: Durvasula Maya , Ouellette Lisa Larrimore , Williams Heidi
Published: May 2021

Recent policy attention has focused on proposals to reduce prices for drugs that have received public funding. From an implementation perspective, such policies rely on public disclosure of government support for research. In this paper, we highlight two conceptual problems with past attempts to measure these public disclosures and construct a new dataset that corrects for these problems. Our corrected measures suggest that underreporting of public research support is less of an issue than previously thought.
A Model of Occupational Licensing and Statistical Discrimination
Authors: Blair Peter Q. , Chung Bobby W.
Published: May 2021

We develop a model of statistical discrimination in occupational licensing with endogenous occupation selection and wage determination. We find a unique equilibrium with sharp comparative statics. Our key theoretical result is that the licensing premium is higher for workers who are members of demographic groups that face a higher cost of licensing. The predictions of the model can explain, for example, the empirical finding in the literature that occupational licenses that preclude felons close the racial wage gap among men by conferring a higher premium to Black men than to White men (Blair and Chung 2018).
Immigration Enforcement and the Hiring of Low-Skilled Labor
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Arenas-Arroyo Esther , Schmidpeter Bernhard
Published: May 2021

We examine how firms adjust their labor demand to immigration policy changes resulting from intensified interior immigration enforcement. Using the temporal and geographic variation in the adoption of such policies as a source of identification, we find that firms boost their demand for low-skilled foreign-born labor under the H-2B visa program as enforcement intensifies. Furthermore, firms' increased demand for guest workers is inversely related to natives' employment in occupations where most H-2B workers are hired; however, it does not seem to alter natives' wages or work hours, nor does it seem to redistribute native labor away from those occupations.
Hurricane Maria and La Crisis Boricua on Health-Care Supply in Puerto Rico
Authors: Fernandez Jose M.
Published: May 2021

Many medical professionals left Puerto Rico due to the financial crisis. Puerto Rico passed Act 14 in April 2017 to mitigate the exodus of physicians, reducing the flat tax on medical services to 4 percent. The same year, Puerto Rico was devastated by a Category 4 hurricane, leaving the is land without power for several months. A difference-in-difference model is used to estimate the net effects of the hurricane and Act 14 on the number of health-care providers. The number of health-care providers decreased by 6.5 percent, family physicians by 17.5 percent, and specialists by 8 percent.
Investor Herding and Spillovers in African Debt Markets
Authors: Morsy Hanan , Moustafa Eman , Nabassaga Tiguene , Yenice Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Using high-frequency data for sovereign long-term bond yields and five-year credit default swap spreads, we estimate a regression model to identify a nonlinear link between cross-section deviation of market yield and extreme movements in African markets and other regions. Results indicate that African sovereign bonds have been subject to herding. International investors tend to lump African sovereign bonds into one asset class, pricing risk based on regional market performance instead of individual countries' performance. More over, we find evidence of herding spillovers from other regions. Africa is the most vulnerable of developing regions to shifts in market sentiment.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO E O CRÉDITO TRIBUTÁRIO NA RECUPERAÇÃO JUDICIAL
Authors: Lana Henrique Avelino , Pimenta Eduardo Goulart
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Busca-se, via Análise Econômica do Direito, identificar, de forma construtiva, sem almejar esgotar o tema, que a atual redação da Lei 11.101/05, no que se refere sobre o crédito tributário, contribui para a sua ineficiência.Metodologia:A metodologia a ser utilizada é o método dedutivo, mediante abordagem explicativa e descritiva, com pesquisa jurisprudencial e bibliográfica, nacional e estrangeira, toda ela especializada no cerne do tema. O problema específico a ser levantando é saber se seria possível incluir o crédito tributário no plano de recuperação judicial. Para obter-se uma resposta que seja técnica, prática e acadêmica, inicialmente, será explicado sobre o tratamento especial dado ao crédito tributário na Lei 11.101/05.Resultados: Após, será mostrado que o poder e privilégio concedido ao Fisco, frise-se, tal como está, nos termos literais da lei, nos processos de recuperação judicial, é ineficiente e, que, as condições de parcelamento que vigoraram por muitos anos também não eram eficientes. No mesmo sentido, serão expostos os motivos que denotam que a legislação atual não cria incentivos positivos ao contribuinte a aderir tal parcelamento. Ao final, como hipótese de resposta, serão também abordados os motivos que fazem que em nosso ordenamento seja impossível, legalmente, operacionalmente e constitucionalmente, a inclusão no plano de recuperação dos créditos tributários, haja vista o alto custo de transação.Contribuições: Verifica-se que o poder e privilégio concedido ao Fisco, frise-se, tal como está, nos termos literais da lei, nos processos de recuperação judicial, é ineficiente. As condições de parcelamento que vigoraram por muitos anos também não eram eficientes. A legislação atual não cria incentivos positivos ao contribuinte a aderir tal parcelamento. Atualmente, em nosso ordenamento, é impossível, legalmente, operacionalmente e constitucionalmente, a inclusão no plano de recuperação dos créditos tributários, haja vista o alto custo de transação.
An audit to assess the impact of prescribing a monofilament fibre debridement pad for patients with unhealed wounds after six months
Authors: Burnett Joanna , Kerr Andrew , Morrison Margaret , Ruston Abbe
Published: May 2021

A monofilament fibre debridement pad has been found to be a rapid and effective mechanical method of removing dry skin, biofilm and debris from acute and chronic wounds with minimal patient discomfort. Evidence of its impact on prescribing and wound healing, however, has been more limited. The aim of this audit was to show evidence of the monofilament fibre debridement pad's impact on wound treatment costs through an analysis of NHS wound-care prescribing data in England. A dataset for 486 uniquely identified patients who had been newly prescribed the monofilament fibre debridement pad was obtained from the NHS Business Services Authority. All data were anonymised. Costs were identified for the six months before and six months after the month of first prescription of the monofilament fibre debridement pad. The total cost of wound-care prescribing fell by 14% or £101,723 in the six months after the intervention compared with the six months before. The average monthly expenditure per patient fell from £244 before the intervention to £209 (n=486) after. These results indicate that use of the monofilament fibre debridement pad could reduce prescribing costs and the use of antimicrobial and negative pressure therapies. Further research is warranted to investigate the clinical role of the monofilament fibre debridement pad in wound healing
The Dynamic Fluctuation of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus (Olivier) in Makkah Al-Mukarramah city
Authors: Mohammed Al- Otaibi Wafa , Alghamdi Khalid Mohammed Alghamdi , Mahyoub Jazem A.
Published: May 2021

The red palm weevil(RPW),Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is one of the most threatening pests of date palm trees in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Which considered as category Iinsect pest in the Gulf region and the Middle East, according toFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, this research was planned to study the dynamic fluctuation of RPW, its relationship to some environmental factors (temperature & relative humidity) and to determine sexual ratio in Makkah city during 2019. In addition to clarifying color preference by using food bait pheromone traps (FBPTs). The results revealedthe presence of RPW throughout the year, with significant differences in numerical densities according to different collection times. The study also recorded the highest population density during April & March, and it was the highest significantly compared to that were collected during July, October, August and September. The study also recorded two peaks of RPW activity throughout the year. A major summit in April and a smaller summit in December. Statistical analysis results showed that the RPW has significant activity at spring compared to the other seasons, while the least active for RPW was at autumn.The results also showed a negative significant correlation between the mean population density of RPW and temperature; and a positive non-significant correlation between seasonal abundance and relative humidity, with significant differences between the mean of male and female with ratio(1:3), respectively. Black traps were more effective and significantly in attracting RPW than other tested colors.
Diversity and Distribution of Thermophiles and Thermotolerant Bacteria in the Soil Samples Obtained from Different Regions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aabed Kawther , Almutairi Abeer , Al-shwuair Alaa , Al-otaibi Amal , Alhazzani Arwa , Al-shbi Areej , Al-moegelth Hind , Al-assaf Lama , Al-omri Sultanah
Published: May 2021

Soil bacteria play an essential function in different biogeochemical cycles. The present study aimed to estimate microbial diversity in five natural environments of Saudi Arabia by isolating and identifying thermophiles and thermo-tolerant bacteria. The collected soil samples were analyzed physically, chemically, and microbiologically. Biochemical and molecular techniques identified many bacteria, including Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacteriaceae bacterium, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus sp., Paenibacillusdendritiformis, Paenibacillus lactis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudoalteromonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Brevibacillus borstelensis. This is the first report of the Enterobacter ludwigii isolate from the soil samples collected in Saudi Arabia to the best of the authors' knowledge, which is part of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can influence the composition of the rhizosphere soils, root tissues, and enhanced plant outgrowth. The presence of these bacteria could be utilized to promote agricultural practices in the deserts in Saudi Arabia.
Natural Extracts as Eco-Friendly Larvicides against Aedes aegypti Mosquito, Vector of Dengue Fever Virus in Jeddah Governorate
Authors: Alyahya Hanan S. , Alkuriji Mohammed A. , Soror Lina , Ghazal Nada , Alghannam Khulud , M. Shaher Fekri
Published: May 2021

Severe human diseases are spread by mosquitoes, causing millions of deaths every year. Many well-known and severe problems have been caused by the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides, such as the residual insecticides for humans and environment and high operating cost in addition to the possibility of developing insect resistance.The larvicidal and delayed effects of the body wall extract of Holothuria scabra and leaves extract of Acalypha fruticosa against 4th instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of H. scabra recorded more larvicidal efficiency(LC50, 79.31 ppm) than A. fruticosa leaves extract (152.86 ppm) by about 1.93 folds.Morphological features showed abnormalities on the larval and pupal stages with H. scabra and to less extent with A. fruticosa. Therefore, it is possible to build on the results of this study to use these two extracts to control of A. aegypti mosquitoes and in line with recent trends in adopting combat methods that are safe on humans and the environment.
Laverne Gas Area, Beaver and Harper Counties, Oklahoma
Authors: Pate J. Durwood
Published: May 2021

The Laverne gas area, along the northern shelf of the Anadarko basin, covers 262 sq mi in Harper and Beaver Counties of northwest Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Panhandle. The field is unique in Oklahoma in that it contains four stratigraphic traps producing oil and gas from accumulations independent of structural closure.

The first gas well in the Laverne district was completed in 1930; however, it was not until December 1955 that the shallower Laverty “Hoover” gas pay (Virgilian) was discovered. The “Hoover” pay, which has a maximum thickness of 210 ft near the Laverne townsite, is the most productive reservoir in the field, containing more than one-half of the total gas reserves. The rest of the reserves are trapped in sandstones of Missouri and Morrow ages and in limestone of Chester age which underlies the angular unconformity between the two systems.

Combined total gas reserve for the “Hoover,” Tonkawa, Morrow, and Chester reservoirs in the field is 2,827 billion cu ft.
J. Gas in Cenozoic Rocks in Ventura-Santa Maria Basins, California
Authors: Dryden J. E. , Erickson R. C. , Off T. , Yost S. W.
Published: May 2021

The occurrence of natural gas in the Santa Maria and Ventura basins comprises only a small part of the hydrocarbons found to date. The preponderance of gas occurs in direct association with the oil, either as solution gas or, rarely, as gas caps. There are 16 known natural gas accumulations with the largest concentration located along the Santa Barbara coast line. There the age of the producing formations is largely restricted to Oligocene and lower Miocene sandstone.
Geology of Natural Gases Rich in Helium, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Dobbin Carroll E.
Published: May 2021

Although natural gases may contain up to 10.0 per cent helium in rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Cretaceous in scattered parts of the United States and Canada, the greatest concentration of rich gas is in Permian carbonate rocks in the Panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and in southwestern Kansas. At Pinta dome, just northeast of Holbrook in northeastern Arizona, a Permian sandstone yields commercial quantities of gas containing about 8.0 per cent helium. In Canada, the richest known helium gas—1.0-2.0 per cent—is in Cambrian and Ordovician sandy beds just north-northwest of Swift Current, in southwestern Saskatchewan.

The presence of most of the rich helium gas in Paleozoic strata close to the ancient basement rocks suggests that much of it was derived originally from the decay and subsequent vertical diffusion of radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, in those rocks. Helium-rich gas from deep wells generally is rich in nitrogen, but not in every case. Seemingly, the origin of rich nitrogen and helium gas is largely a problem for bacteriologists, chemists, and biochemists to solve.

Deep wells yielding natural gas rich in carbon dioxide are chiefly in the western part of the United States and in the Pánuco district, Mexico. Most of the rich gas is in beds ranging in age from Missis- sippian to Cretaceous.

Natural gas rich in hydrogen sulfide is produced chiefly from carbonate rocks in many areas, especially in western Texas.
M. Playa Del Rey Oil Field, Los Angeles County, California Natural Gas Storage
Authors: Barnds Ray M.
Published: May 2021

The Playa del Rey oil field is on Santa Monica Bay, about 15 mi southwest of Los Angeles. The discovery well was drilled by Ohio Oil Company in 1929 to a depth of 6,200 ft and produced approximately 2,000 bbls a day of 24.3° API-gravity oil. Rapid development of the Townlot field took place, and an upper producing zone was found at an average depth of 3,900 ft. By the end of 1930, 141 wells had been drilled in the area.

In 1931, Union Oil Company of California completed a deep-zone well south of the Townlot field. Subsequent development proved this to be a separate accumulation, and it was called the Del Rey Hills area. Fifty wells were drilled in 1934 and 1935 in the Del Rey Hills area, and it was chosen as the reservoir for natural gas storage necessary because of the industrial growth of the Los Angeles area. The Defense Plant Corporation acquired the southern 240 acres of the Del Rey Hills area and designated Union Oil Company of California as operator of the storage facility. Full-scale injection operations were begun in June 1943. In 1945, title to the properties was transferred to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which declared them surplus. The Southern California Gas Company purchased the properties and accepted operation on December 1, 1945.
Occurrence of Natural Gas in Mexico
Authors: Beebe B. W.
Published: May 2021

The fabulous early history of the Mexican oil industry, the Tampico embayment, the Golden Lane, the huge gushers, and the emergence of Petróleos Mexicanos as the dominant factor in the Mexican petroleum industry are known to most persons in the oil and gas industry. Not so well known, however, is that Mexico has large reserves and is an important producer of natural gas, some of which is exported to the United States. Moreover, the fine record of Petróleos Mexicanos in exploration and exploitation of Mexico's petroleum resources, and the rapid increase in reserves and in the use of natural gas as an energy source in Mexico as long-distance transmission lines are built to major markets, never have been appreciated outside of Mexico.

There are four petroliferous areas along the eastern Gulf Coast of Mexico, the western end of the Gulf Coast embayment. However, only two are of major importance as gas-producing regions—the northeastern area, the Burgos basin, which is the southward extension of the Rio Grande embayment of the United States, and the Isthmus-Tabasco region in southeastern Mexico. Although several small gas discoveries have been made in the Vera Cruz embayment, results of exploration there have been disappointing. The Tampico embayment, largest oil-producing region in Mexico, contains only one important source of natural gas; Poza Rica, where there is a huge reserve of associated and dissolved gas. However, the quantity of gas available is limited by the quantity of oil produced. Furthermore, much gas produced in Poza Rica is returned to the reservoir to increase oil recovery and will not be available for many years. Also, the gas contains an average of as much as 20 per cent carbon dioxide and much hydrogen sulfide, which must be removed to meet requirements for markets. The remainder of the natural gas in the Tampico embayment is in small quantities accompanying oil and contains large but varied amounts of acid gas, often toxic. It is used in field and plant operations and for pressure maintenance.
F. Willows-Beehive Bend Gas Field
Authors: Alkire James
Published: May 2021

The Willows-Beehive Bend gas field is one of the largest California gas fields producing from strata of Cretaceous age. It is located centrally in the Sacramento Valley, 70 mi north of Sacramento. Marathon Oil Company discovered the field in 1937 by drilling No. 1 Willard, Sec. 18, T. 20 N., R. 2 W., on the crest of a seismically defined anticline. Willard No. 1 blew out of control, and Willard No. 1 A, a relief well, was the first producer. Only minor reserves were developed as a result of this new field discovery.

In 1953, additional shallow gas reserves were located by No. 1 Estes, Sec. 18, T. 19 N., R. 1 W., the discovery well in the Beehive Bend area. Sunray Mid-Continent Oil Company drilled No. 1 Estes on leases farmed out by the Marathon Oil Company. A deeper pool discovery, Richard S. Rheem No. 1-63 Zumwalt, Sec. 2, T. 19 N., R. 2 W., led to deeper drilling and the subsequent increase of the reserves to the present volume in the Willows-Beehive Bend trend.
H. Arbuckle Gas Field, Colusa County, California
Authors: Vaughan Richard H.
Published: May 2021

The Arbuckle gas field is in Colusa County, California, about 50 mi northwest of Sacramento. The field is adjacent to the northern Coast Range foothills along the western edge of the Sacramento Valley and includes part of Arbuckle, a small agricultural community in an area planted with grain and orchards.
Geology of Natural Gas, Peace River Area, Canada
Authors: Clark L. M. , Cleveland C. E. , Johnson Rolfe S. , Budd Ronald C. M.
Published: May 2021

The Peace River area comprises the part of northwestern Alberta west of 118° longitude and the adjacent part of northeastern British Columbia east of the Rocky Mountains. Within the last 15 years it has become an important gas-producing area. Gas-productive zones have been found in strata ranging in age from Middle Devonian to Late Cretaceous throughout a stratigraphic thickness of approximately 20,000 ft. Gas accumulations are in anticlinal folds and in several types of stratigraphic traps including fault traps, biohermal reefs, and others. Some of the gases are sweet and dry and others include H2S or CO2. Some contain appreciable quantities of LPG and condensate. Most of the towns of the area are served with natural gas, and an 850-mi, 30-in pipeline serves the interior cities of British Columbia and Vancouver, as well as the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The success ratio for exploratory drilling in the British Columbia part of the area has been high; approximately one wildcat out of three has been completed successfully as a gas discovery. Proved reserves in the area are approximately 9.5 trillion cu ft. The area has promise of becoming an increasingly important source of natural gas, and much exploratory drilling remains.

The Northwest Territories were to have been discussed in this paper. However, because only four widely separated gas wells have been completed in the Northwest Territories, the area is not described in detail.
Alexander Gas Field, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Jackson K. E. , Bourns G. E.
Published: May 2021

The Alexander gas field is in central Alberta 20 mi northwest of Edmonton. The producing beds in the Alexander field, known as the Calahoo and the Alexander Sandstones, are the uppermost sandstone units of the Ellerslie Member, Mannville Group, of Early Cretaceous age. Production is obtained at an average depth of 3,800 ft from stratigraphic traps in these sandstone beds. From its discovery in 1949 to February 5, 1966, the Alexander field had produced 102,205,476 Mcf of sweet gas. Twenty-eight wells have been drilled in the area, of which 13 presently are capable of gas production.
Fort Saskatchewan Gas Field, Alberta
Authors: White N. B. , Orr J. B. B.
Published: May 2021

The Fort Saskatchewan gas field, discovered in 1951 in central Alberta 15 mi northeast of Edmonton, has a total of 31 gas wells which had yielded 87,097,346 Mcf of sweet nonassociated gas as of January 1,1966.

Production is from the Viking Formation of Early Cretaceous age. A stratigraphic trap is formed by the updip pinchout of the productive sandstone; downdip the sandstone body is water-saturated, and it is terminated laterally by shale re-entrants along strike.
Natural Gas in Sweetgrass Arch Area, Northwestern Montana
Authors: Nordquist Jack W. , Leskela Willard
Published: May 2021

The Sweetgrass arch in northern Montana has yielded nearly 500 billion cu ft of natural gas since the first discovery in 1915. The 24 gas fields which have been found are mainly on the flanks of the arch. Most of the accumulations are in stratigraphic traps, but closures and faulting are controlling factors in some cases. Several fields have multiple pay zones.

The producing formations, from oldest to youngest, are the Sun River Dolomite of Late Missis- sippian age; the Sawtooth Formation of Middle Jurassic age; the Swift Formation of Late Jurassic age; and the Cut Bank Sandstone, Sunburst Sandstone, and Blackleaf Formation of Early Cretaceous age. All of the reservoir rocks are sandstone except the Sun River Dolomite. The Lower Cretaceous reservoirs are the most important gas zones in the area, having contributed more than 90 per cent of the cumulative yield. The giant Cut Bank field alone has yielded about 70 per cent of the gas obtained from the Sweetgrass arch.

All of the gas produced from the area is marketed in western Montana. The current yield of about 16 billion cu ft annually is less than one-half that needed to supply present market demand.
Occurrence of Natural Gas in Green River Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Krueger Max L.
Published: May 2021

Exploration and development in the Green River basin of southwestern Wyoming have resulted in discovery of gas reserves which total about 1.5 trillion cu ft in the western part of the basin alone. Important gas-producing units in the western area include sandstone beds in the Frontier and Mesaverde Formations of Late Cretaceous age, and lenticular sandstone bodies of early Tertiary age which appear to have developed near the western shore of an ancient lake occupying the basin.

Combinations of structural and stratigraphic factors cause the trapping of gas in most instances. The gas in both the Frontier and Tertiary beds in the Big Piney-La Barge area in the western part of the basin characteristically has a high methane content and no reported noncombustible gases or hydrogen sulfide. Geologic factors such as the basin's 30,000-ft-thick sedimentary rock section; its thrust- faulted, structurally complex borders; the presence of several regional fold trends which may have compound geological histories; and the notable facies changes, especially in the Mesozoic and Tertiary beds, all suggest that much more extensive gas reserves can be developed in the Green River basin.
Church Buttes Gas Field, Wyoming
Authors: Gras Victor B.
Published: May 2021

The Church Buttes gas field of southwestern Wyoming is on a large anticline, with faint surface expression, which was discovered by seismic exploration. An Eocene-Jurassic section 14,646 ft thick has been penetrated, but oil shows have not been found. Gas is produced from the Dakota Formation.
Carthage Field, Panola County, Texas
Authors: Rogers Robert E.
Published: May 2021

The Carthage field of East Texas is one of the major gas areas of North America. The field has produced about 4 trillion cu ft of gas and 47 million bbls of oil and condensate since 1936. On January 1, 1960, the field contained 631 producing wells and 308,395 productive acres. The field is 48 mi long in a southeast-northwest direction, and has a maximum width of 24 mi.

Structurally, the field is a broad, low-relief terrace on a regional plunging anticline at the southwest end of the Sabine uplift, which separates the North Louisiana and the East Texas sedimentary basins.

The Pettet Formation accounts for 92 per cent of the production (Lower Cretaceous, Comanche Series), and the Rodessa, Travis Peak, upper Glen Rose, and Paluxy Formations (in order of present importance) account for the rest.

Accumulation in the limestones is controlled by structure and by belts of interfingering porous and permeable rocks which have a general northwest-southeast alignment. There is a direct relationship between the deposition of oolites, the distribution of the oolitic limestone, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Accumulation in the sandstones is trapped in part by lenticularity and erratic distribution of reservoir beds; however, the areal distribution of accumulation tends to conform with the elongate productive limestone trends.

This paper is based on a detailed study of all wells drilled, and on a review of additional geological and production data furnished by operators to January 1, 1960.
Smackover (Jurassic) Reservoir of New Hope Field, Franklin County, Texas
Authors: Chisholm L. R.
Published: May 2021

The New Hope field is in southeastern Franklin County, 10 mi south and slightly east of Mt. Vernon, the county seat. Geologically, it is along the northern margin of the East Texas basin, 20 mi south of the Mexia-Sulphur Bluff-Talco fault zone.

Although production history of the New Hope field dates back to the early 1940's, this paper is limited to a discussion of the geology and reservoir characteristics of the Jurassic Smackover Formation.
Geology of Natural Gas—Saskatchewan Paleozoic
Authors: Beach Floyd K.
Published: May 2021

Only one gas well in Saskatchewan produces nonassociated natural gas from strata of the Paleozoic Era. The well is in the Antelope pool, straddling the Saskatchewan-Alberta border, and produces at a rate of 3 million cu ft a day. In addition, approximately 17 million cu ft a day of dissolved gas is gathered in the production of oil from the Mississippian in southeast Saskatchewan.
East Durant Field, Bryan County, Oklahoma
Authors: Jones, Jr. Fred B.
Published: May 2021

The East Durant field is on a closed anticline beneath an overthrust fault sheet; the field was discovered with the use of a coordinated program of core-drill, seismic, and subsurface exploration. It is approximately 12 mi southeast of the Cumberland field, which is somewhat analogous in character.

The surface rocks are Comanchean of the Cretaceous System and lie unconformably on beds from Springer to Simpson in age. The entire geologic section from Springer to Arbuckle is represented and in some instances is duplicated where thrust faulting has occurred. Productive zones are limited to the Bromide and McLish Formations of the Simpson Group. Eight wells have been completed, of which six are dual completions and two are single-zone completions, one in the Bromide and one in the McLish. There are six gas wells and two oil wells.

Cumulative production to March 1965 was approximately 6,075,893 Mcf of gas and 105,984 bbls of oil.
Pragmatic and Discourse Functions in Jenifa’s Diary
Authors: Bamgbose Ganiu , Ehondor Beryl
Published: May 2021

Existing studies on comedies in Nigeria have focused mainly on stand-up comedy, with little attention devoted to situation comedies. This study, therefore, investigates the pragmatic acts that are used to reflect inherent societal issues revealed under the guise of humour in a Nigerian sitcom, Jenifa’s Diary. Drawing excerpts purposively sampled from the first three seasons of the sitcom and subjecting them to the analytical tools of Jacob Mey’s pragmatic acts and Meyer’s functions of humour, the study shows the discourse functions of social and moral consciousness which address issues of incivility, domestic violence, poor etiquette, lying and indecent dressing. These discourse functions are achieved through the practs of warning, informing, enculturating and advising, and the communication functions named enforcement and differentiation. The study concludes that sitcoms are not just scripted to amuse viewers but also to address the state of the nations where they are set.
Editorial
Authors: Cantero Serena Francisco J.
Published: May 2021

Presentación del vol. 15
GAME ODS: La gamificación a través del diseño de una actividad lúdica aplicable en el ámbito jurídico para la concienciación social
Authors: Navarro Coll Julia , Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: May 2021

La necesidad de dinamizar el aula en la enseñanza del Derecho no es una tarea fácil. La gamificación es un recurso que se puede aplicar al ámbito jurídico a través de diversas herramientas relacionadas con la participación. En el presente trabajo realizados una propuesta de un taller denominado GAME ODS con la finalidad de fomentar el conocimiento y el compromiso social de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y su aplicabilidad en la docencia jurídica. Este taller aúna la metodología de aprendizaje-servicio y el juego colaborativo y orienta al alumnado a una actitud proactiva.
Converting noise into solitons: optical self-organization through intermodal nonlinearity
Authors: Kabagöz H. B. , Antikainen A. , Ramachandran S.
Published: May 2021

We experimentally demonstrate a pump-pulse-induced conversion of noise into solitons in multimode optical fibers. The process is based on the recently discovered phenomenon of soliton self-mode conversion, where a pump soliton in a higher-order spatial mode crafts another well-defined soliton, originating purely from noise, in a lower-order mode at a longer wavelength through intermodal Raman scattering. The lack of the need for any seed or cavity feedback demonstrates that soliton self-mode conversion is a fundamentally unavoidable, but nevertheless tailorable and hence useful, self-organizing nonlinear optical effect capable of turning noise into transform limited solitons.
Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Satinsky Emily N. , Kakuhikire Bernard , Baguma Charles , Rasmussen Justin D. , Ashaba Scholastic , Cooper-Vince Christine E. , Perkins Jessica M. , Kiconco Allen , Namara Elizabeth B. , Bangsberg David R. , Tsai Alexander C.
Published: May 2021

Background

Depression is recognized globally as a leading cause of disability. Early-life adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have robust associations with poor mental health during adulthood. These effects may be cumulative, whereby a greater number of ACEs are progressively associated with worse outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ACEs and adult depression and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in Uganda.

Methods and findings

Between 2016 and 2018, research assistants visited the homes of 1,626 adult residents of Nyakabare Parish, a rural area in southwestern Uganda. ACEs were assessed using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire, and depression symptom severity and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression (HSCL-D). We applied a validated algorithm to determine major depressive disorder diagnoses. Overall, 1,458 participants (90%) had experienced at least one ACE, 159 participants (10%) met criteria for major depressive disorder, and 28 participants (1.7%) reported suicidal ideation. We fitted regression models to estimate the associations between cumulative number of ACEs and depression symptom severity (linear regression model) and major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation (Poisson regression models). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, sex, primary school completion, marital status, self-reported HIV status, and household asset wealth, the cumulative number of ACEs was associated with greater depression symptom severity (b = 0.050; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.039–0.061,p< 0.001) and increased risk for major depressive disorder (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.190; 95% CI, 1.109–1.276;p< 0.001) and suicidal ideation (ARR = 1.146; 95% CI, 1.001–1.311;p= 0.048). We assessed the robustness of our findings by probing for nonlinearities and conducting analyses stratified by age. The limitations of the study include the reliance on retrospective self-report as well as the focus on ACEs that occurred within the household.

Conclusions

In this whole-population, cross-sectional study of adults in rural Uganda, the cumulative number of ACEs had statistically significant associations with depression symptom severity, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies and programs that safeguard children, promote mental health, and prevent trajectories toward psychosocial disability.
‘If relevant, yes; if not, no’: General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Roura Maria , LeMaster Joseph W. , Hannigan Ailish , Papyan Anna , McCarthy Sharon , Nurse Diane , Villarroel Nazmy , MacFarlane Anne
Published: May 2021

Context

The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched.

Objective

This study examines whether and how ethnicity data can be collected in Irish general practices in a meaningful and acceptable way.

Methods

Qualitative case study data generation was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs about ‘sense’ making and ‘engagement’. It consisted of individual interviews and focus group discussions based on visual participatory techniques. There were 70 informants, including 62 general practitioner (GP) users of diverse ethnic backgrounds recruited through community organisations and eight GPs identified through an inter-agency steering group. Data were analysed according to principles of thematic analysis using NPT.

Results

The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors. The link was less clear with religion. There was some scepticism and questions about how the collection of data would benefit GP consultations and concerns regarding confidentiality and the actual uses of these data (e.g. risk of discrimination, social control). For GPs, the main theme discussed was relevance: what added value would it bring to their consultations and was it was their role to collect these data? Their biggest concern was about data protection issues in light of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The difficulty in explaining a complex concept such as ‘ethnicity’ in the limited time available in consultations was also worrying.

Conclusions

Implementation of an ethnicity identifier in Irish general practices will require a strong rationale that makes sense to GP users, and specific measures to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. This is in line with both our participants’ views and the EU GDPR.
‘Democracy builders’: Conflictivity and democratic learning in the educational and cultural spheres during the late-Francoist and Transition periods
Authors: Román Ruiz Gloria
Published: May 2021

The early 1960s in Spain saw the beginnings of a cycle of protest against the dictatorship of Francisco Franco that would end by rendering its continuity unviable after the dictator’s death in 1975. The process of building democracy was undertaken bidirectionally, both from ‘above’ and from ‘below’, and it involved multiple actors. This article pays special attention to those ‘democratizing agents’ in civil society who acted in the cultural and educational spheres, as teachers, students, protest singers or members of the cultural centres and neighbourhood associations that emerged at that time, especially in rural Andalusia. It argues that through day-to-day micro-conflicts and micro-mobilizations, those actors acquired and transmitted civic–democratic guidelines and values.
The Basque Contention: Ethnicity, Politics, Violence, Ludger Mees (2019)
Authors: Calvo Mendizabal Nagore
Published: May 2021

Review of: The Basque Contention: Ethnicity, Politics, Violence, Ludger Mees (2019)

Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 300 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-85743-963-2, h/bk, £120.00

ISBN 978-0-42926-258-6, e-book, £36.99
Populismo mediático. Definición, explicación, remedios
Authors: Barberis Mauro Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Los populismos de hoy tienen poco que ver con los populismos «históricos» (ruso, estadounidense, latino-americanos): de hecho, son un fenómeno global y esencialmente mediático. Resumiendo los resultados de un libro mío reciente, aquí intento esbozar una definición de la palabra «populismo», una explicación del fenómeno populista, y algunos remedios.
Deber de veracidad, regla del silencio y estándar de prueba
Authors: Seleme Hugo
Published: May 2021

La regla del silencio, como estrategia para conciliar las exigencias en pugna que pesan sobre el abogado en el proceso adversarial, debe ser corregida en dos sentidos. Primero, es necesario advertir que el deber de veracidad es sensible a los elementos de juicio que dan sustento a lo que el abogado asevera o niega y al estándar de prueba que utiliza el proceso judicial. Segundo, los elementos de juicio pertinentes para determinar si la exigencia de veracidad ha sido o no satisfecha son aquellos de los que dispone el abogado aun si estos son inadmisibles en el proceso por la existencia de filtros no-epistémicos. La regla revisada impone un deber débil de veracidad que pesa sobre el abogado aun antes que la acción judicial haya sido iniciada. Falta a su deber de veracidad el abogado que al iniciar la demanda o al contestarla realiza aseveraciones sin tener a su alcance elementos de juicio –admisibles o inadmisibles– que las respalden hasta el punto requerido por el estándar de prueba del proceso que pretende iniciar.
El principio del Fresh Start como exigencia normativa derivada de la dignidad humana
Authors: Alarcón Cañuta Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo desarrolla la argumentación jurídica que posibilita la comprensión de la existencia de un principio rector de la regulación concursal de la persona física que busca la unificación y delimitación de la normativa con objeto de otorgar protección al interés de alivio del deudor persona física: el principio del fresh start.
Equilibrio reflexivo y justificación: ¿intuicionismo o coherentismo? (en el 50º aniversario de la publicación de A Theory of Justice)
Authors: Rojas Molina Emilio José
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo examina la concepción de la justificación en la que se inscribe el método al que Rawls apela para justificar sus principios de justicia, una de las cuestiones metodológicas que más reparos ha generado. En este sentido, se propone explicar por qué el equilibrio reflexivo supone una explicación ampliamente coherentista de la justificación, así como de qué modo la visión que ofrece de esta trata de evitar cualquier elemento de naturaleza fundacionalista. Puesto que, en cuanto teoría de la justificación, el fundacionalismo es el enfoque que más abiertamente parece oponerse al coherentismo, pero algunas de las críticas que se han formulado del equilibrio reflexivo han tratado de presentarlo como una forma encubierta de intuicionismo –la versión más importante de fundacionalismo moral–, el trabajo intenta poner de manifiesto algunas de las diferencias más relevantes que cabe trazar entre esos dos modos de concebir la justificación. Tomando esto como base, pretende evidenciar por qué los intentos de presentar la justicia como equidad como participando de esa clase de fundacionalismo son poco razonables, pero, sobre todo, ofrecer algunas respuestas a propósito de ese tipo de reproches, subrayando las cuestiones en las que debe ponerse el foco a la hora de evaluarlos.
Incentivos, desigualdad y herencia
Authors: Berrotarán Alejandro
Published: May 2021

La discusión entre John Rawls y Gerald A. Cohen, y aquellos que han continuado su debate, se ha centrado en si las desigualdades de ingresos basadas en incentivos materiales están justificadas. En este artículo me propongo realizar dos aportes en este debate. El primero será extender la discusión sobre los incentivos materiales a la herencia de riquezas justificada a partir de la misma idea de incentivos. El segundo aporte será defender la crítica de Cohen contra la objeción de la libertad («Liberty Objetion») que se le ha presentado. Para esto último reconstruiré la objeción que se ha elaborado contra Cohen y concluiré que las limitaciones a la herencia son una alternativa consistente con la crítica de este autor que no afecta el compromiso de Rawls con la libertad de elección ocupacional ni ninguna otra libertad básica.
Algunas discrepancias sobre el concepto de género, la violencia de género y su relevancia para el derecho. Comentarios a Francesca Poggi
Authors: Álvarez Medina Silvina
Published: May 2021

Este comentario parte de exponer algunos conceptos centrales de la teoría feminista y de la teoría jurídica basada en esos conceptos, como la distinción sexo-género o la noción de patriarcado, que constituyen el marco en el que se inscribe el concepto de violencia de género. Desde estas nociones, se pasa a cuestionar la utilización que realiza F. Poggi de los estereotipos como elemento o parte constitutiva de los conceptos de género y violencia de género. En la segunda parte, se inicia con algunas consideraciones sobre los derechos humanos de las mujeres, marco desde el que se analizan las críticas de Poggi a las nociones de «desproporción» y «el hecho de ser mujer», elementos del concepto de violencia de género presentes en la normativa sobre violencia de género.