bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeleton in Axon Growth
Authors: Letourneau Paul C
Published: March 2016

Axons and dendrites are the neuronal processes that transmit nerve signals throughout the body. These processes are formed and maintained by the neuronal cytoskeleton, particularly microtubules and actin filaments. Microtubules are the supportive framework of neurites, axons and dendrites, as well as the rails for transporting organelles and cytoplasmic components. Actin filaments support the neuron's outer cortex, and the dynamic protrusion of actin‐filled filopodia and lamellipodia drives neuronal morphogenesis, including axon guidance, branching and regeneration. The initiation of axon formation requires advance of microtubules into filopodial protrusions adherent to the substratum. Polymerisation of microtubule plus ends and dynein‐driven transport of short microtubules provides ‘push’ for continued axonal growth. Actin‐filled protrusions at the axonal terminal, the growth cone, explore the environment for cues that bind receptors and trigger either protrusion and microtubule advance or cessation of protrusion and myosin II contractility that retracts protrusions and limits microtubule advance.

Key Concepts

The neuronal cytoskeleton generates and supports neuronal shape.

Axonal elongation involves accumulation of microtubules through polymerisation, stabilisation and transport.

The motile growth cone at the tip of an elongating axon is where the axon is steered to its synaptic target.

Dynamic actin filaments drive the growth cone's exploration of its environment.

Growth cone adhesive interactions allow traction that advances the growth cone.

Neuronal polarisation involves regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics.

Extrinsic guidance cues locally regulate actin dynamics and microtubule advance to steer the growth cone.

Axonal branching involves cytoskeletal dynamics to produce new streams of microtubule advance.

Success in axonal regeneration will require recapitulation of the cytoskeletal dynamics of developing neurons.
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rb's Palsy/Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Garces Juanita , Mathkour Mansour , Skovgard Matthew , Kaufmann Ascher , Sulaiman Olawale AR
Published: March 2016

The brachial plexus serves as the key conduit between the central nervous system and the extensive innervation of the upper extremity. One of the most common variants of injury to the brachial plexus results in the condition known as Erb's palsy, in which damage renders the arm disabled through a particular constellation of symptoms. The affected arm hangs down at one's side rotated inwardly with the elbow fully extended and forearm internally rotated.

With any peripheral neuropathy, an in‐depth knowledge of the anatomy aids in recognising the expected symptomatology. Several classification symptoms characterise the extent of damage after nerve injury, predict neuronal recovery and determine whether surgical repair is needed. In the past, amputation and simple neglect were standard treatments of care. Fortunately, outcomes have improved tremendously over the past few decades, and new procedures are emerging. Today, there are techniques that allow for significant return of function.

Key Concepts

Learn the anatomy of the brachial plexus.

Understand the result of injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.

Erb's palsy from shoulder dystocia.

Basic classification and grading of nerve injuries.

Know which imaging is available to assess nerve injury.

Assessing nerve injury using electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS).

Understand the basic surgical and nonsurgical management of brachial plexus injury.
Privacy
Authors: Splichal Slavko
Published: March 2016

At least since Aristotle's distinction between the public domain of political activity (
polis
) and the private domain of the household (
oikos
), privacy stands in dialectical tension with publicness. Since the earliest conceptualizations, privacy has also been closely related to “suspicious” secrecy. Assuming that privacy and publicness are opposite but complementary to each other, privacy could be defined as the protected sphere or condition of having exclusive control over one's actions or (cognitive) access provided that it does not hamper actions and rights of others. The boundary between privacy and publicness is socially permeable and historically variable. There is not one dominant conceptualization that is generally accepted. Developments in communication technology and its social uses made privacy and publicness partly overlapping. The concept of privacy is particularly controversial because of the ambivalent nature of its relationship to (the value of) publicness.
Intermediality
Authors: Jensen Klaus Bruhn
Published: March 2016

Intermediality refers to the interconnectedness of modern media of communication. First, the term denotes communication through several discourses at once, including through combinations of different sensory modalities of interaction, for instance music and moving images. Second, intermediality represents the combination of separate material vehicles of representation, as illustrated by the use of print, electronic, and digital platforms in various communication activities. Third, intermediality addresses the interrelations among various media as institutions in society—interrelations addressed in technological and economic terms such as convergence and concentration.
Community
Authors: Westgate Christopher Joseph , Rothenbuhler Eric W.
Published: March 2016

Communityrefers to the relationship between individuals and groups of different sizes, from nations to neighborhoods, in an array of contexts: geographical, interpersonal, organizational, political–economic, social–cultural, and mediated. At the heart of community is a series of themes: continuity and change, tradition and innovation, place and time, belonging and affiliation, identity and ideology, loss and recovery, destruction and repair. Thinkers across different research traditions have conceived of community through a number of terminologies:Bund,communitas,Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, clans and cults, crowds and publics, participants, immigrants, gangs, and residents. These typologies and formations have been studied across English, French, German, and American traditions, the Chicago School of urban sociology having played a defining role. Some of the most productive studies have focused on journalism and newspapers as agents of community‐building, but radio, television, and social media have also been key sites from which community has been theorized.
Two are Better than One: Combining ZnO and MgF2 Nanoparticles Reduces Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation on Cochlear Implants
Authors: Natan Michal , Edin Fredrik , Perkas Nina , Yacobi Gila , Perelshtein Ilana , Segal Elad , Homsy Alexandra , Laux Edith , Keppner Herbert , Rask‐Andersen Helge , Gedanken Aharon , Banin Ehud
Published: March 2016

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) are considered the most common colonizers of cochlear implants (CI), which have prompted the search for new ways to inhibit their growth and biofilm development. In the current study, CI‐based platforms are prepared and sonochemically coated with ZnO or MgF2 nanoparticles (NPs), two agents previously shown to possess antibacterial properties. Additionally, a method is developed for coating both ZnO and MgF2 on the same platform to achieve synergistic activity against both pathogens. Each surface is characterized, and the optimal conditions for the NP homogenous distribution on the surface are determined. The ZnO‐MgF2 surface significantly reduces the S. pneumoniae and S. aureus biofilm compared with the surfaces coated with either ZnO or MgF2, even though it contains smaller amounts of each NP type. Importantly, leaching assays show that the NPs remain anchored to the surface for at least 7 d. Finally, biocompatibility studies demonstrate that coating with low concentrations of ZnO‐MgF2 results in no toxicity toward primary human fibroblasts from the auditory canal. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of using NP combinations such as the one presented here to efficiently inhibit bacterial colonization and growth on medical devices such as CIs.
Palladium and Copper Cocatalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization Reaction: Synthesis of 5‐Aminopyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Ma Chaowei , Wen Ping , Li Jihui , Han Xu , Wu Zhaoyang , Huang Guosheng
Published: March 2016

A novel and efficient palladium and copper co‐catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of acetonitriles with hydrazones has been developed for the synthesis of 5‐aminopyrazoles through CC and CN bond formation. The reaction has the advantages of easily available starting materials, simple manipulation and mild reaction conditions. The reaction involving various substituted acetonitriles and hydrazones proceeds smoothly and 5‐aminopyrazoles are synthesized in good yields. In contrast to the aliphatic and heteroaromatic substrates, the aromatic substrates tend to have a higher degree of reactivity.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem‐Cyclization of Functionalized Ynamides: An Approach to Benzosultams
Authors: Siva Reddy Alla , Siva Kumari A. Leela , Saha Soumen , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: March 2016

A palladium‐catalyzed tandem‐cyclization of functionalized ynamides to afford a wide range of hetero‐substituted benzosultams (1,2‐benzothiazine 1,1‐dioxides) has been achieved. Medicinally useful compounds like nortriptyline and eugenol could also be used as nucleophiles. Base has a significant effect in the cyclization process, depending on the nucleophile source used. DFT studies suggest that the reaction involves a [Pd(II)]–[Pd(0)]–[Pd(II)] cycle. Structures of key products were proven by X‐ray crystallography.

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Potassium Hydroxide‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Cyclic Imides with Hydrosilanes: Synthesis of ω‐Hydroxylactams and Lactams
Authors: Ding Guangni , Li Chengjun , Shen Yifan , Lu Bin , Zhang Zhaoguo , Xie Xiaomin
Published: March 2016

Potassium hydroxide‐catalyzed hydrosilylation exhibits excellent activity and chemoselectivity for the reduction of cyclic imides under mild reaction conditions. The chemoselectivity of the reduction system may be readily tuned by changing the identity and stoichiometry of the hydrosilanes: a polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)/potassium hydroxide reduction system resulted in the reduction of various cyclic imides to the corresponding ω‐hydroxylactams in 70–94% yield, while the diphenylsilane (Ph2SiH2)/potassium hydroxide reduction system selectively afforded the aryl lactams in 33–95% yield. These catalytic protocols tolerate diverse functional groups and are easy to scale up.

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Elektrodenarchitektur in galvanischen und elektrolytischen Energiezellen
Authors: Jeong Beomgyun , Ocon Joey D. , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: March 2016

Elektroden in galvanischen und elektrolytischen Brennstoffzellen sind komplizierte Strukturen aus redoxaktiven Materialien, Ionen‐/Elektronenleitern und Porenpfaden für den Stoffaustausch von Reaktanten. Im Gegensatz zu bahnbrechenden Neuerungen bei der Entwicklung der Einzelkomponenten sind die Methoden zur architektonischen Optimierung des Gesamtsystems auf größtmögliche Leistung weniger gut untersucht. In unserem Kurzaufsatz stellen wir allgemeine Typen der Elektrodengestaltung vor, diskutieren Herstellungsstrategien und beschreiben bereits hergestellte Strukturen. Systematisches Optimieren von Elektrodenkonfigurationen kann seit langem bestehende Diskrepanzen zwischen den Gesamtsystemen und den “Summen ihrer Teile” bei verschiedenen elektrochemischen Reaktionen und Technologien auflösen.
Peptide [4]Catenane by Folding and Assembly
Authors: Sawada Tomohisa , Yamagami Motoya , Ohara Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Fujita Makoto
Published: March 2016

A topologically complex peptide [4]catenane with the crossing number of 12 was synthesized by a folding and assembly strategy wherein the folding and metal‐directed self‐assembly of a short peptide fragment occur simultaneously. The latent Ω‐looped conformation of the Pro‐Gly‐Pro sequence was found only when pyridines at the C‐ and N‐termini coordinatively bind metal ions (AgI or AuI). Crystallographic studies revealed that the Ω‐looped motifs formed four M3L3 macrocycles that were intermolecularly entwined to generate an unprecedented peptide [4]catenane topology.
From a Phosphaketenyl‐Functionalized Germylene to 1,3‐Digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Xiong Yun , Szilvási Tibor , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Driess Matthias
Published: March 2016

The first 4π‐electron resonance‐stabilized 1,3‐digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene [LH2Ge2P2] 4 (LH=CH[CHNDipp]2 Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with four‐coordinate germanium supported by a β‐diketiminate ligand and two‐coordinate phosphorus atoms has been synthesized from the unprecedented phosphaketenyl‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic germylene [LHGe‐P=C=O] 2 a prepared by salt‐metathesis reaction of sodium phosphaethynolate (P≡C−ONa) with the corresponding chlorogermylene [LHGeCl] 1 a. Under UV/Vis light irradiation at ambient temperature, release of CO from the P=C=O group of 2 a leads to the elusive germanium–phosphorus triply bonded species [LHGe≡P] 3 a, which dimerizes spontaneously to yield black crystals of 4 as isolable product in 67 % yield. Notably, release of CO from the bulkier substituted [LtBuGe‐P=C=O] 2 b (LtBu=CH[C(tBu)N‐Dipp]2) furnishes, under concomitant extrusion of the diimine [Dipp‐NC(tBu)]2, the bis‐N,P‐heterocyclic germylene [DippNC(tBu)C(H)PGe]2 5.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Dimerization and Alkylarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Alkyl Fluorides and Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Min Xin , Fukuoka Asuka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: March 2016

In the presence of a nickel catalyst, 1,3‐butadiene undergoes selective dimerization and alkylarylation with alkyl fluorides and aryl Grignard reagents to give 1,6‐octadienes with alkyl and aryl groups at the 3‐ and 8‐positions, respectively, by the consecutive formation of three carbon–carbon bonds. The formation of an anionic nickel complex plays an important role in forming C−C bonds with alkyl fluorides.
Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,5‐Enynes via a 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization/Protodeborylation Sequence
Authors: Tamke Sergej , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Sitte Nikolai A. , Flörke Ulrich , Grimme Stefan , Paradies Jan
Published: March 2016

The first frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of a series of 1,5‐enynes was developed. The reaction proceeds via the π‐activation of the alkyne and subsequent 5‐endo‐dig cyclization with the adjacent alkene. The presence of PPh3 was of utmost importance on the one hand to prevent side reactions (for example, 1,1‐carboboration) and on the other hand for the efficient protodeborylation to achieve the catalytic turnover. The mechanism is explained on the basis of quantum‐chemical calculations, which are in full agreement with the experimental observations.
Combinatorial Low‐Volume Synthesis of Well‐Defined Polymers by Enzyme Degassing
Authors: Chapman Robert , Gormley Adam J. , Stenzel Martina H. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: March 2016

The synthesis of well‐defined polymers in a low‐volume, combinatorial fashion has long been a goal in polymer chemistry. Here, we report the preparation of a wide range of highly controlled homo and block co‐polymers by Enz‐RAFT (enzyme‐assisted reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization in microtiter plates in the open atmosphere. The addition of 1 μm glucose oxidase (GOx) to water/solvent mixtures enables polymerization reactions to proceed in extremely low volumes (40 μL) and low radical concentrations. This procedure provides excellent control and high conversions across a range of monomer families and molecular weights, thus avoiding the need to purify for screening applications. This simple technique enables combinatorial polymer synthesis in microtiter plates on the benchtop without the need of highly specialized synthesizers and at much lower volumes than is currently possible by any other technique.
Lasiolactols A and B Produced by the Grapevine Fungal Pathogen Lasiodiplodia mediterranea
Authors: Andolfi Anna , Basso Sara , Giambra Selene , Conigliaro Gaetano , Lo Piccolo Sandra , Alves Artur , Burruano Santella
Published: March 2016

A strain of Lasiodiplodia mediterranea, a fungus associated with grapevine decline in Sicily, produced several metabolites in liquid medium. Two new dimeric γ‐lactols, lasiolactols A and B (1 and 2), were characterized as (2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*,2′S*,3′S*,4′R*,5′R*)‐ and (2R*,3S*,4R*,5R*,2′R*,3′S*,4′R*,5′R*)‐(5‐(4‐hydroxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐tetrahydro‐furan‐2‐yloxy)‐2,4‐dimethyl‐tetrahydro‐furan‐3‐yl]‐methanols by IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS. Other four metabolites were identified as botryosphaeriodiplodin, (5R)‐5‐hydroxylasiodiplodin, (–)‐(1R,2R)‐jasmonic acid, and (–)‐(3S,4R,5R)‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyldihydro‐2‐furanone (3 – 6, resp.). The absolute configuration (R) at hydroxylated secondary C‐atom C(7) was also established for compound 3. The compounds 1 – 3, 5, and 6, tested for their phytotoxic activities to grapevine cv. Inzolia leaves at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) were phytotoxic and compound 5 showed the highest toxicity. All metabolites did not show in vitro antifungal activity against four plant pathogens.
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Techniques to Handle Uncertainty: An Industrial Grinding Process
Authors: Virivinti Nagajyothi , Mitra Kishalay
Published: March 2016

Fuzzy‐based approaches like fuzzy chance constrained programming (FCCP) and fuzzy expected value model (FEVM) have been applied to a multi‐objective optimization problem of the industrial grinding process to carry out the uncertainty analysis. Results are compared with respect to the power of risk averseness adopted in the approaches used. The extent of constraint satisfaction due to the presence of uncertain parameters can be accommodated assuming credibility of constraint satisfaction under the FCCP framework whereas the robust set of parameters in the FEVM approach is determined by considering the expectation terms for objectives and constraints. Nonlinear relation of uncertain parameters has been handled by adopting simulation‐based approaches while computing the credibility. These approaches are very generic and can be applied for the study of parametric sensitivity for any process model in a novel manner.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysics of Aza‐BODIPY Porphyrin Dyes
Authors: Pascal Simon , Bucher Léo , Desbois Nicolas , Bucher Christophe , Andraud Chantal , Gros Claude P.
Published: March 2016

The synthesis of dyad and triad aza‐BODIPY‐porphyrin systems in two steps starting from an aryl‐substituted aza‐BODIPY chromophore is described. The properties of the resulting aza‐BODIPY‐porphyrin conjugates have been extensively investigated by means of electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and absorption/emission spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements have revealed a dramatic loss of luminescence intensity, mainly due to competitive energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer involving charge separation followed by recombination.
Triple Helix Formation in a Topologically Controlled DNA Nanosystem
Authors: Yamagata Yutaro , Emura Tomoko , Hidaka Kumi , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki
Published: March 2016

In the present study, we demonstrate single‐molecule imaging of triple helix formation in DNA nanostructures. The binding of the single‐molecule third strand to double‐stranded DNA in a DNA origami frame was examined using two different types of triplet base pairs. The target DNA strand and the third strand were incorporated into the DNA frame, and the binding of the third strand was controlled by the formation of Watson–Crick base pairing. Triple helix formation was monitored by observing the structural changes in the incorporated DNA strands. It was also examined using a photocaged third strand wherein the binding of the third strand was directly observed using high‐speed atomic force microscopy during photoirradiation. We found that the binding of the third strand could be controlled by regulating duplex formation and the uncaging of the photocaged strands in the designed nanospace.
1,3‐Alternate Tetraamido‐Azacalix[4]arenes as Selective Anion Receptors
Authors: Canard Gabriel , Edzang Judicaelle Andeme , Chen Zhongrui , Chessé Matthieu , Elhabiri Mourad , Giorgi Michel , Siri Olivier
Published: March 2016

Six tetraaza[1.1.1.1]cyclophane derivatives bearing peripheral amide groups were prepared according to two distinct synthetic strategies that depend on the connection pattern between the aryl units. NMR experiments combined with the X‐ray structures of two tetraamide derivatives 4 b and 10 show that these cavitands adopt a 1,3‐alternate conformation both in solution and in the solid state. Consequently, the four amide groups of the aza[1.1.1.1]‐m,m,m,m‐cyclophane isomer 10 can contribute to the same recognition process towards neutral water molecules or anion guests. NMR experiments, mass spectrometry analyses and single‐crystal X‐ray structures confirm the anion‐binding ability of this receptor. Absorption spectrophotometric titrations in nonpolar solvents provided evidence for the selectivity of 10 to chloride anions in the halide series, with a corresponding association constant Ka reaching 2.5×106 m−1.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Phase Transitions of Hexagonal Perovskite‐Like Oxides.
Authors: Aoba Tomoya , Tiittanen Taneli , Suematsu Hisayuki , Karppinen Maarit
Published: March 2016

Two new cubic (3C structured) A2B′B′′O6‐type double‐perovskite phases, Ba2CoSbO6 (I) and Ba2ZnTeO6 (II) are prepared and stabilized by high pressure heat treatment of the corresponding hexagonal (6H and 12R structured, resp.) non‐perovskite phases (Au capsule in cubic anvil apparatus, 4 GPa, 1000 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Structure and Optical Properties of Nonlinear Optical Crystal BaZnBO3F.
Authors: Xia Mingjun , Li R. K.
Published: March 2016

A nonlinear optical crystal of BaZnBO3F with a size of ≈20 x 20 x 0.5 mm3 is grown from a BaF2—NaF flux containing a 1:1:1:0.5:0.3 molar mixture of BaCO3, ZnO, H3BO3, BaF2, and NaF (seed crystal over Pt crucible, 850 °C, 12 h, cooling at a rate of 0.2 °C/h) The compound crystallizes in the space group P$\bar 6$ (Z = 1, single crystal XRD) and comprises BO3 planar triangles interconnected via O from ZnO3F2 trigonal bipyramids to form (Zn3B3O6F6) twelve‐membered rings which are stacked along c.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Mobility Bismuth‐Based Transparent p‐Type Oxide from High‐Throughput Material Screening.
Authors: Hautier Geoffroy , et al.
Published: March 2016

The Materials Project Database is used together with DFT calculations to screen for potential high transparency, high mobility p‐type quaternary oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Characterization of Cr4US8.
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Chan Ian Y. , Malliakas Christos D. , Lee Minseong , Choi Eun Sang , Ibers James A.
Published: March 2016

Cr4US8 is prepared by reaction of a 1:1:6 molar mixture of U, Cr, and S in a PbI2 flux (1073 K, 12 h; 75% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relations in the Na2MoO4—Cs2MoO4 and Na2MoO4—Cs2MoO4 —ZnMoO4 Systems, Crystal Structures of Cs3Na(MoO4)2 and Cs3NaZn2(MoO4)4.
Authors: Zolotova Evgeniya S. , Solodovnikova Zoya A. , Yudin Vasiliy N. , Solodovnikov Sergey F. , Khaikina Elena G. , Basovich Olga M. , Korolkov Iliya V. , Filatova Irina Yu.
Published: March 2016

In view of incomplete data, the binary systems Na2MoO4—Cs2MoO4 and Na2MoO4—ZnMoO4 bounding the Na2MoO4—Cs2MoO4 —ZnMoO4 phase system are reinvestigated by annealing appropriate amounts of monomolybdates (420—700 °C, 50—200 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Lutetium Borate—Nitrate Lu2B2O5 (NO3)2·2H2O.
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Wurst Klaus , Hejny Clivia , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2016

The title compound is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of equimolar amounts of Lu(NO3)3 and H3BO3 (autoclave, 513 K, 3 d; cooling to 373 K at a rate of 1 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconductive Nanotube Array Constructed from Giant [PbII18I54(I2)9] Wheel Clusters.
Authors: Wang Guan‐E , Xu Gang , Liu Bin‐Wen , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Yao Ming‐Shui , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: March 2016

The first example of a metal‐halide‐based crystalline nanotube array, (Pr2DABCO)21 [Pb18I54(I2)9] [Pb2I9] 2I5·13H2O is prepared by solvothermal reaction ofPbI2, DABCO, conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Use of Gold(I) Complexes Containing a Hemilabile Phosphanylferrocene Nitrile Donor.
Authors: Skoch Karel , Cisarova Ivana , Stepnicka Petr
Published: March 2016

The gold complex AFCN is prepared and successfully applied as catalyst for the cycloisomerization of enynols (I) and (III) to 2,3‐dimethylfuran (II) and rosefuran (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reaction of 1‐Pyrroline Esters to Nitroalkenes: Diastereoselectivity Switch by Chiral Metal Complexes.
Authors: Koizumi Akihiro , Kimura Midori , Arai Yuri , Tokoro Yuichiro , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: March 2016

A stereodivergent asymmetric conjugate addition of pyrroline esters to nitroalkanes provides access to syn and anti adducts using copper and silver catalytic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ion‐Pair Organocatalyst Promotes Highly Enantioselective 3‐Exo Iodo‐Cycloetherification of Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Shen Zhigao , Pan Xixian , Lai Yisheng , Hu Jiadong , Wan Xiaolong , Li Xiaoge , Zhang Hui , Xie Weiqing
Published: March 2016

An efficient catalytic system is found for the enantioselective 3‐exo iodo‐cycloetherification of allyl alcohols (I) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Terminal Alkynes to α‐Ketone Esters to Synthesize α‐Tertiary‐hydroxy Esters Promoted by Zinc and an Alkyl Halide.
Authors: Zhang Wen , Cao Yuan , Chen Wei , Zhao Gang , Pu Lin
Published: March 2016

This simple method is extended to the reaction of alkynes with aldehydes and electron‐deficient ketone (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Bromide/Water as Additives in Dearomatizing Samarium‐Ketyl (Hetero)Arene Cyclizations.
Authors: Rao Chintada Nageswara , Bentz Christoph , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: March 2016

The cyclization of N‐acylated indole derivative (I) proceeds readily in the presence of SmI2 and LiBr in water/THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐ and Base‐Dependent Reactivities of Acylketene Toward Aryl Aldimines Derived from 2‐Amino‐4‐methylpyridine.
Authors: Ocal Nuket , Mor Necla , Erden Ihsan
Published: March 2016

The triethylamine mediated reaction of arylaldimine (I) with substrate (II) provides the expected adduct (III), whereas aldimine (IV) and (VI) give different, rather unexpected products.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed, Terminal‐Selective C(sp3)—H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Lee Melissa , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: March 2016

A Pt‐catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic amines is achieved with high selectivity for the terminal methyl group using CuCl2 as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxyboration of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Itoh Taisuke , Matsueda Takumi , Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: March 2016

The direction of the copper‐catalyzed borylative difunctionalization of alkenes (I) with TEMPO and dipinacolyl hypodiborate depends on the catalyst used leading to the adducts (IV) or its regioisomers (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Lampland Nicole L. , Pindwal Aradhana , Neal Steven R. , Schlauderaff Shealyn , Ellern Arkady , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: March 2016

A novel magnesium complex is prepared and successfully applied as catalyst for the hydrosilylation of α,β‐unsaturated esters (I) and dihydropyranone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Deoxygenative C—C Bond‐Forming Processes via a Net Four‐Electron Reductive Coupling.
Authors: Todd David P. , Thompson Benjamin B. , Nett Alex J. , Montgomery John
Published: March 2016

Deoxygenative coupling of enones or enals with alkynes is rendered possible with a reagent combination of Et3SiH and Ti(OiPr)4 and a nickel carbene complex as catalyst furnishing skipped dienes in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Bond Arylation of Thienyl Thioamides Catalyzed by Pd—Phenanthroline Complexes.
Authors: Yamauchi Takayuki , Shibahara Fumitoshi , Murai Toshiaki
Published: March 2016

Depending only on a slight increase of catalyst loading, regioselective 2‐monoarylation of thienyl‐3‐thioamides (I) alters to 2,5‐diarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Application of a Multielectron‐Accepting Organic Oxidant for the Catalytic Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative Homocoupling of Grignard Reagents in Air.
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Nitatori Kaoru , Muraoka Hiroki , Ogawa Satoshi , Shimada Kazuaki
Published: March 2016

Among a number of synthesized perfluoro‐1,2‐diarylcyclopentenes, PFC catalyzes the homocoupling of aryl, benzyl, and α‐phenylvinyl Grignard substrates with the highest yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylative Coupling Reaction of Five‐Membered (Chloromethyl)heteroarenes with Allyltributylstannane Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sun Jian , Bao Ming , Feng Xiujuan , Yu Xiaoqiang , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Kumar Raju Suresh
Published: March 2016

The precatalyst Pd(acac)2 reacts with stannane (II) in the presence of the stabilizer Bu4NBr to furnish palladium nanoparticles which catalyze the three‐component coupling to afford β,γ‐unsaturated esters.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropanes with Quaternary Centers Starting from Bromonitroalkenes under Aminocatalytic Conditions.
Authors: Luis‐Barrera Javier , Mas‐Balleste Ruben , Aleman Jose
Published: March 2016

A novel approach towards the title compounds is presented, using bromonitrostyrenes as starting materials instead of the established synthesis with bromine‐activated methylene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism‐Driven Elaboration of an Enantioselective Bromocyclopropanation Reaction of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Taillemaud Sylvian , Diercxsens Nicolas , Gagnon Alexandre , Charette Andr� B.
Published: March 2016

Spectroscopic studies to monitor the formation of transient intermediates lead to the development of a more‐atom‐economical halocyclopropanation reaction and also highlight the unique role of the ether additives in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Strained Bicyclic[3.n.1]alkenes by a Metal‐Catalyzed Conia‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Kallepu Shivakrishna , Gollapelli Krishna Kumar , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Chegondi Rambabu
Published: March 2016

The Conia‐ene reaction of 2‐acetylenic ketones (I) and (III) enables the synthesis of a wide variety of bicyclic systems, e.g. (II) and (IV), via an efficient 6‐endo‐dig‐cyclization protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Catalyzed by Base.
Authors: Li Qiang‐Qiang , Xiao Zu‐Feng , Yao Chuan‐Zhi , Zheng Hong‐Xing , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: March 2016

Both sulfonamides and arylamines are alkylated with alcohols and a novel hemiaminal model is proposed as the possible intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzyl Esters via Functionalization of Multiple C—H Bonds by Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Li Danyang , Yu Ming , Zhang Jitan , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: March 2016

The title synthesis tolerates a wide range of functional groups and gives the benzyl esters in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Amide Formation Reaction Mediated by P(OEt)3 and Iodine.
Authors: Chen Pei‐Jiang , Wang Hai‐Yang , Peng Ai‐Yun
Published: March 2016

Carboxylic acids react with various primary and secondary amines affording a range of amides, including peptides without racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Method for the Construction of Esters Using Cs2CO3 as Oxygen Source.
Authors: Ren Lanhui , Wang Lianyue , Lv Ying , Li Guosong , Gao Shuang
Published: March 2016

The scalable reaction is based on the transformation of acylchlorides with alkyl halogenides and has a broad substrate scope, thus affording functionalized products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diphenyl Ether Derived Bidentate Secondary Phosphine Oxide as a Preligand for Nickel‐Catalyzed C—S Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Wellala Nadeesha P. N. , Guan Hairong
Published: March 2016

A new bidentate secondary phosphine oxide, only the second of the kind bearing a covalent backbone, is synthesized from diphenyl ether via ortho‐lithiation, phosphorylation with PhP(Cl)NEt2, and hydrolysis in an acidic medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α‐Disulfenylated Aldehydes via Oxidative Transformation of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Jichao , Ni Zhangqin , Wang Sichang , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: March 2016

The reaction proceeds regioselectively in modest to good yields with thiophenols only.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbene Insertion Prior to Intramolecular Heck Cyclization: Synthesis of 2‐Arylidene‐3‐aryl‐1‐indanones.
Authors: Arunprasath Dhanarajan , Muthupandi Pandi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: March 2016

Tosylhydrazones from arylaldehydes and 2‐iodochalcones react under Pd catalysis to give the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Formation of α‐Alkoxycycloalkenones from N‐Tosylhydrazones.
Authors: Su Naijing , Theorell Juliana A. , Wink Donald J. , Driver Tom G.
Published: March 2016

Readily available N‐tosylhydrazones bearing an ortho alkene part with pendant ester substituent are subjected to conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Cyclization by a Norbornene‐Mediated Sequence: A Route to Spiroindolenine Derivatives.
Authors: Wu Xin‐Xing , Shen Yi , Chen Wen‐Long , Chen Si , Xu Peng‐Fei , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: March 2016

An unprecedented tandem ortho‐alkylation dearomative cyclization reaction, leading to a new class of spirocyclic indolenine derivatives (IV) bearing an all‐carbon quaternary spirocenter is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles by Catalyst‐Controlled, Activity‐Directed Tandem Annulation of Diazo Compounds with Amino Alkynes.
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhu Chenghao , Min Junxiang , Peng Shiyong , Xu Guangyang , Sun Jiangtao
Published: March 2016

The title reaction is carried out under conditions A), B), and C) to produce 2,3‐dihydropyrroles, 2‐methylene pyrrolidines as (E)‐isomers, and 3‐methylene pyrrolidines, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulation Approach to 3‐Pyrrolines: Concise Total Syntheses of (‐)‐Supinidine, (‐)‐Isoretronecanol, and (+)‐Elacomine.
Authors: Chogii Isaac , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: March 2016

The asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reaction of Ellman imines with ester (I) yields enantiopure 3‐pyrroline products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazoles via Vanadium‐Catalyzed C—N Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling and Fluorescence Switch‐On Sensing of BSA Protein.
Authors: Sar Dinabandhu , Bag Raghunath , Yashmeen Afsana , Bag Subhendu Sekhar , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: March 2016

Alkenyl hydrazones are generated in‐situ from alkenyl ketones and arylhydrazines and give pyrazoles using commercially available, nontoxic, and recyclable VOSO4 as the catalyst and air as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Conjugate Addition of Cuprates to Unsaturated Lactams.
Authors: Wright Stephen W. , Choi Chulho , Chung Seungwon , Boscoe Brian P. , Drozda Susan E. , Mousseau James J. , Trzupek John D.
Published: March 2016

Pyroglutaminol‐derived bicyclic α,β‐unsaturated lactams in which the aminal moiety originates from ketones afford products from syn‐conjugate addition whereas the corresponding lactams with an aldehyde‐derived aminal moiety deliver anti‐conjugate products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Arylboronic Acids in Water under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hao Changbo , Zhou Changjian , Xie Jianwei , Zhang Jie , Liu Ping , Dai Bin
Published: March 2016

The procedure involves an one‐pot two‐step 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of various aryl boronic acids, sodium azide followed with terminal alkynes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Tandem Polycyclization of Internal Alkynols and Vinyl Azides.
Authors: Siyang Hai Xiao , Ji Xiao Yue , Wu Xu Rui , Wu Xin Yan , Liu Pei Nian
Published: March 2016

Various [2‐(arylethinyl)phenyl]methanols are reacting with 1‐(1‐azidovinyl)arenes and hetarenes to deliver polycyclic pyran‐based indeno[1,2‐c]isochromene scaffolds in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Morita—Baylis—Hillman/Achmatowicz Reactions: An Expeditious Access to Pyran‐3(6H)‐ones with a Unique Substitution Pattern.
Authors: Guidotti Bruno B. , Coelho Fernando
Published: March 2016

A simple and straightforward approach to the synthesis of hydroxy‐2H‐pyranones with a unique substitution pattern is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*Co(III)‐Catalyzed Annulations of 2‐Alkenylphenols with CO: Mild Access to Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Xu‐Ge , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Jiang Chun‐Yong , Wu Jia‐Qiang , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen
Published: March 2016

The reaction is successfully applied in the syntheses of the natural products herniarin (Vc) and seselin (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Access to 2,9‐Dihydrothiopyrano[2,3‐b]indole Scaffolds Showing Large Stokes Shifts.
Authors: Singh Shivendra , Samanta Sampak
Published: March 2016

The title compounds are efficiently obtained by a three‐component tandem reaction of N‐protected formylindoles, sodium hydrosulfide, and β‐substituted nitroolefins or δ‐substituted nitrodienes using DABCO as organocatalyst and subsequent dehydration in the presence of activated molecular sieves.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Formal [4 + 2] Annulation for the Construction of Polyfunctionalized Pyridines.
Authors: Zhu Chunyin , Bi Benwei , Ding Ya , Zhang Te , Chen Qiu‐Yun
Published: March 2016

Tri‐ and tetrasubstituted pyridines are conveniently prepared by iodine‐catalyzed formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, ammonium acetate, and ketones or aldehydes using molecular oxygen as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Porphyrin‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines and Aldehydes.
Authors: Maeda Kazuki , Terada Takuma , Iwamoto Takahiro , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: March 2016

The title reaction affords unsymmetrically substituted dihydropyridines, which cannot be prepared by conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis 11‐Substituted Norcryptotackieine Derivatives.
Authors: Nowacki Michal , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

Various indoloquinoline derivatives are obtained by reaction of nitroarenes with indol‐3‐ylmethyl carbanions generated from easily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Synthesis of Acridine Analogues from 1,2‐Diols as Key Reagents.
Authors: Jagadishbabu Narasashetty , Shivashankar Kalegowda
Published: March 2016

Various acridine analogues are obtained starting from 1,2‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of sp3‐ and sp2‐Hybridized C—H Bonds: Vanadium‐Catalyzed Aminomethylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Kaswan Pinku , Porter Ashley , Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Simone Marissa , Peters Sean , Kumar Anil , DeBoef Brenton
Published: March 2016

In addition to the coupling of substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with N‐methylmorpholine oxide, the corresponding coupling of indoles is successfully performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Heck‐Type C3 Alkenylation of Sulfocoumarins.
Authors: Kim Namhoon , Min Minsik , Hong Sungwoo
Published: March 2016

An efficient method for the regioselective C—H olefination of sulfocoumarins with a wide range of alkenes is developed using O2 as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Oxide (GO) or Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO): Efficient Catalysts for One‐Pot Metal‐Free Synthesis of Quinoxalines from 2‐Nitroaniline.
Authors: Roy Babli , Ghosh Sujit , Ghosh Pranab , Basu Basudeb
Published: March 2016

Reduced graphene oxide is an equally effective catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine(III)‐Mediated Construction of the Dibenzoxazepinone Skeleton from 2‐(Aryloxy)benzamides Through Oxidative C—N Formation.
Authors: Guo Xuliang , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei
Published: March 2016

The title procedure tolerates a wide range of functional groups and proceeds under transition‐metal‐free and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aniline Dearomatization and Silver‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Dipolar Cycloaddition: Efficient Construction of Oxocino[4,3,2‐cd]indoles from 2‐Alkynylanilines and 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes.
Authors: Han Dandan , He Qiuqin , Fan Renhua
Published: March 2016

The approach involves an oxidative dearomatization of 2‐alkynylanilines, a silver‐catalyzed [3+3] cycloaddition with 2‐alkynylbenzaldoximes, and a subsequent thermal radical skeletal rearrangement and aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Transformation of CO2 with Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Simple Fluoride and Carbonate Salts.
Authors: Motokura Ken , Naijo Masaki , Yamaguchi Sho , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide
Published: March 2016

The method is suitable for the synthesis of silyl formate and formamide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into Si—Si and Sn—Sn Bonds.
Authors: Liu Zhenxing , Tan Haocheng , Fu Tianren , Xia Ying , Qiu Di , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: March 2016

The first Pd‐catalyzed carbene insertion into Si—Si and Sn—Sn bonds is presented by using N‐tosylhydrazones as carbene precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydrofurans Through the Selective Dehydration of Pentoses.
Authors: Foster Robert W. , Tame Christopher J. , Bucar Dejan‐Kresimir , Hailes Helen C. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2016

The reaction of pentoses such as arabinose (I) with 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine leads to open‐chain hydrazones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Chiral Butyrolactones by Highly Stereoselective Radical Transfer or Sequential Asymmetric Alkylations: Concise Preparation of Leupyrrin Moieties.
Authors: Schrempp Michael , Thiede Sebastian , Herkommer Daniel , Gansaeuer Andreas , Menche Dirk
Published: March 2016

Two novel stereoselective methods are reported for the synthesis of chiral butyrolactones (VIII)/(IX) and (XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: Phialomustin A—D, New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Metabolites from an Endophytic Fungus, Phialophora mustea.
Authors: Nalli Yedukondalu , Mirza Dania N. , Wani Zahoor A. , Wadhwa Bhumika , Mallik Fayaz A. , Raina Chand , chaubey Asha , Riyaz‐Ul‐Hassan Syed , Ali Asif
Published: March 2016

Phialomustin A (Ia), B (II), C (Ib), and D (III) are isolated and screened for their antifungal and cytotoxic potential.
ChemInform Abstract: From Solid Carbon Sources to Graphene
Authors: Liang Tao , Kong Yuhan , Chen Hongzheng , Xu Mingsheng
Published: March 2016

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CuAAC Click Reactions for the Design of Multifunctional Luminescent Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Zabarska Natalia , Stumper Anne , Rau Sven
Published: March 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3D Nitrogen‐Rich Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Opportunities for Safer Energetics
Authors: Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: March 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Half‐Sandwich Late Transition Metal Complexes Based on Functionalized Carborane Ligands
Authors: Yao Zi‐Jian , Deng Wei
Published: March 2016

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Oxidation of Cholesterol
Authors: Morzycki Jacek W , Sobkowiak Andrzej
Published: March 2016

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Using Continuous Flow Chemistry
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: March 2016

Review: [114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Halogenation Catalyzed or Mediated by Copper: An Overview
Authors: Hao Wenyan , Liu Yunyun
Published: March 2016

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Amidation
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Jing Yanfeng
Published: March 2016

Review: [83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Catalyst Deactivation: Cross‐Metathesis Involving Olefins Containing N‐Heteroaromatics
Authors: Lafaye Kevin , Bosset Cyril , Nicolas Lionel , Guerinot Amandine , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2016

Review: [78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zhou Fengtao , Cai Qian
Published: March 2016

Review: [83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pot Economy and One‐Pot Synthesis
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro
Published: March 2016

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Trends in Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Amination Routes to Biologically Important Nitrogen Scaffolds
Authors: Subramanian Parthasarathi , Rudolf Georg C. , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: March 2016

Review: [101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosolv Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Enhanced Enzymatic Saccharification
Authors: Zhang Zhanying , Harrison Mark D. , Rackemann Darryn W. , Doherty William O. S. , O'Hara Ian M.
Published: March 2016

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Acyl Oximes: Versatile Building Blocks for N‐Heterocycle Formation in Recent Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Huang Huawen , Cai Jinhui , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: March 2016

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Sulfolenes and Their Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Brant Michael G. , Wulff Jeremy E.
Published: March 2016

Review: [76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Based Catalysts for the High‐Temperature Water‐Gas Shift (HT‐WGS) Reaction: A Review
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Wachs Israel E.
Published: March 2016

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Display of Glycoconjugates to Emulate Oligomeric Interactions of Glycans
Authors: Novoa Alexandre , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: March 2016

Review: [63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Bioconjugates in Cancer Detection and Therapy
Authors: Patel Pradeepkumar L. , Rana Niki K. , Patel Mayurbhai R. , Kozuch Stephen D. , Sabatino David
Published: March 2016

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Semiconductor Photoredox Catalysis: An Emerging Theme in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Manley David W. , Walton John C.
Published: March 2016

Review: [87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Whole Cell Wall NMR by the Direct‐Dissolution of Biomass
Authors: Foston Marcus , Samuel Reichel , He Jian , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: March 2016

Review: 89 refs.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa: evolution in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations in the antiretroviral era
Authors: Ntusi Ntobeko A. B. , Ntsekhe Mpiko
Published: March 2016

The survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically increased in recent times. This review focuses on HIV‐associated heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In HIV infected persons, heart failure may be related to pathology of the pericardium, the myocardium, the valves, the conduction system, or the coronary and pulmonary vasculature. HIV‐associated heart failure can be because of direct consequences of HIV infection, autoimmune reactions, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, opportunistic infections (OIs) or neoplasms, use of ART or therapy for OIs and presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Myocardial involvement includes diastolic dysfunction, asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, fibrosis, and steatosis. Pericardial diseases include pericarditis, pericardial effusions (rarely causing tamponade), pericardial constriction, and effusive‐constrictive syndromes. Coronary artery disease is commonly reported in industrial nations, although its prevalence is thought to be low in HIV‐infected persons from SSA.