bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of Edaravone Dexborneol combined with Tirofiban in treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Mi Yuxia , Hou Zhigang , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Caixia
Published: October 2023

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of edaravone dexborneol combined with tirofiban in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) treated in Cangzhou People’s Hospital from March 2018 to December 2021 were selected, and randomly divided into the routine group(n=40) and intervention group(n=40) according to the principle of random draw. Neurological deficits in the two groups were evaluated and compared before and after treatment using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The quality of life of the patients was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results: Before treatment, NIHSS and mRS scores of the two groups were not statistically significant(p>0.05); the levels of Vmin and Qmin in the two groups showed no statistical significance(p>0.05); no statistical significance was found in CRP or IL-6 levels between the two groups(p>0.05). After treatment for 14 days, the NIHSS and mRS scores of the two groups both decreased, which was more significant in the intervention group(p<0.05); Vmin and Qmin levels increased in both groups, which was more obvious in the intervention group(p<0.05); CRP and IL-6 levels reduced in both groups, which was more remarkable in the intervention group(p<0.05). The incidences of relevant adverse drug reactions presented no differences between the two groups during treatment(p>0.05).

Conclusion: Edaravone dexborneol combined with tirofiban in the treatment of ACI can effectively improve patients’ neurological deficits, quality of life and cerebral blood flow, and reduce inflammatory factor levels, have significant clinical efficacy and high clinical treatment safety.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7630

How to cite this: Mi Y, Hou Z, Liu J, Zhang C. Clinical study of Edaravone Dexborneol combined with Tirofiban in treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7630

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of prescription writing skills among dental house officers: A multi-center study
Authors: Babar Palwasha , Qaiser Uswa , Rahman Ijaz ur
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the knowledge and skills of prescription writing among dental house officers from different hospitals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September, 2022. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 180 house officers from four teaching dental hospitals (n=45 each). The participants were asked to write a prescription for an adult and a pediatric patient. The prescription was evaluated according to WHO criteria. Analysis was done using SPSS v.20. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: Among the 180 participants, 42.9% were males and 57.1% were females. 33.9% participants reported prescription writing to be a difficult task. Only 36.7% participants reported to be trained in prescribing pediatric medications. None of the prescriptions completely fulfilled the WHO criteria. Doctor related information (name, address and contact no) was written by only 3.8% of the participants while 10% of the participants mentioned the patient related information (name, address and age). Dosage of the prescribed drugs was the most commonly drug-related missing parameter which was mentioned in 30% of the pediatric prescriptions and 21% of the adult prescriptions.

Conclusion: There is a general lack of knowledge among the dental house officers regarding prescription writing as they were found to be unaware of the essential elements of a prescription. The findings call for an urgent change in the undergraduate teaching of prescription writing skills with special emphasis on pediatric drugs and dosage.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7688

How to cite this: Babar P, Qaiser U, Ijaz ur Rehman. Assessment of prescription writing skills among dental house officers: A multi-center study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7688

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes
Authors: Bachtiar Endang , Bachtiar Boy M , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Sunarto Hari , Soeroso Yuniarti , Sulijaya Benso , Apriyanti Efa , Theodorea Citra Fragrantia , Putra Pratomo Irandi , Yudhistira Yudhistira , Efendi Defi , Lestari Widya
Published: October 2023

Background:The available evidence suggests that inflammatory responses, in both systemic and oral tissue, contribute to the pathology of COVID-19 disease. Hence, studies of inflammation biomarkers in oral fluids, such as saliva, might be useful to better specify COVID-19 features.Methods: In the current study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to measure salivary levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva obtained from patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19, in a diabetic group (DG; n = 10) and a non-diabetic group (NDG; n = 13). All participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, while six participants with periodontitis but not diagnosed with COVID-19 were included as controls.Results:We found increases in salivary total protein levels in both the DG and NDG compared to control patients. In both groups, salivary CRP and IL-6 levels were comparable. Additionally, the levels of salivary CRP were significantly correlated with total proteins, in which a strong and moderate positive correlation was found between DG and NDG, respectively. A linear positive correlation was also noted in the relationship between salivary IL-6 level and total proteins, but the correlation was not significant. Interestingly, the association between salivary CRP and IL-6 levels was positive. However, a moderately significant correlation was only found in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, through which the association was validated by a receiver operating curve.Conclusions:These finding suggest that salivary CRP and IL-6 are particularly relevant as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting diabetes risk in mild cases of COVID-19 accompanied with periodontitis.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding the effect of yoga on periodontal health among Indian adults: A questionnaire study.
Authors: N. Kedlaya Madhurya , Puzhankara Lakshmi , Mahendra Mansi , K. Vineetha , Sinha Suraj Prasad , Singh Anupam , Karmakar Shaswata
Published: October 2023

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of structures surrounding the teeth. Its etiology is multifactorial. The primary etiological factor is the microbial component; the other factors are systemic, behavioral, environmental, and psychological. Conventional management includes routine periodontal therapy involving prophylactic and surgical management. In developing countries like India, complementary medicine and alternative medicines like yoga are gaining popularity for improving systemic health. Hence this pilot study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of a structured questionnaire that can assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding the impact of yoga on periodontal health and systemic conditions of Indian population. Methods: The KAP questionnaire was developed (Stage One) using a deductive approach, and a psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire was performed to evaluate it’s reliability and validity (Stage Two). Initial content validation and test re-test reliability were assessed using kappa statistics with binary responses. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the questions in the practice and attitude category with categorical variables. Further assessment of psychometric properties of the questionnaire was done using item response theory. The developed questionnaire had four principal sections: demography of participants; knowledge regarding yoga and oral health; attitude towards yoga and oral health; and practice towards implementing yoga for oral health. Results: The ICC for all the assessed questions was greater than 0.60 suggesting satisfactory stability. Internal consistency measured using Cronbach’s alpha for knowledge, attitude, and practice items were reported to be 0.632, 0.923, and 0.591 respectively and that of the KAP total was 0.632. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the questionnaire had an acceptable psychometric property for measuring KAP regarding yoga and it’s role in oral and systemic health among Indian adults. The analysis of participant responses revealed that they had a medium level of knowledge regarding yoga and periodontal disease.
Development of a national point-of-care ultrasound training course for physicians in Japan: A 3-year evaluation
Authors: Yamada Toru , Minami Taro , Kitano Yuka , Yoshino Shunpei , Mabuchi Suguru , Soni Nilam J.
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) allows bedside clinicians to acquire, interpret, and integrate ultrasound images into patient care. Although the availability of POCUS training courses has increased, the educational effectiveness of these courses is unclear.

Methods: From 2017 to 2019, we investigated the educational effectiveness of a standardized 2-day hands-on POCUS training course and changes in pre- and post-course exam scores in relationship to participants’ (n = 571) clinical rank, years of POCUS experience, and frequency of POCUS use in clinical practice.

Results: The mean pre- and post-course examination scores were 67.2 (standard deviation [SD] 12.3) and 79.7 (SD 9.7), respectively. Higher pre-course examination scores were associated with higher clinical rank, more years of POCUS experience, and more frequent POCUS use (p < 0.05). All participants showed significant changes in pre- to post-course exam scores. Though pre-course scores differed by clinical rank, POCUS experience, and frequency of POCUS use, differences in post-course scores according to participant baseline differences were non-significant.

Conclusion: A standardized hands-on POCUS training course is effective for improving POCUS knowledge regardless of baseline differences in clinical rank, POCUS experience, or frequency of POCUS use. Future studies shall evaluate changes in POCUS use in clinical practice after POCUS training.
Establishing a national research software award
Authors: Blanc Catala Isabelle , Di Cosmo Roberto , Giraud Mathieu , Le Berre Daniel , Louvet Violaine , Renaudin Sophie ,   College of experts for source code and software Committee for Open Science
Published: October 2023

Software development has become an integral part of the scholarly ecosystem, spanning all fields and disciplines. To support the sharing and creation of knowledge in line with open science principles, and particularly to enable the reproducibility of research results, it is crucial to make the source code of research software available, allowing for modification, reuse, and distribution. Recognizing the significance of open-source software contributions in academia, the second French Plan for Open Science, announced by the Minister of Higher Education and Research in 2021, introduced a National Award to promote open-source research software. This award serves multiple objectives: firstly, to highlight the software projects and teams that have devoted time and effort to develop outstanding research software, sometimes for decades, and often with little recognition; secondly, to draw attention to the importance of software as a valuable research output and to inspire new generations of researchers to follow and learn from these examples. We present here an in-depth analysis of the design and implementation of this unique initiative. As a national award established explicitly to foster Open Science practices by the French Minister of Research, it faced the intricate challenge of fairly evaluating open research software across all fields, striving for inclusivity across domains, applications, and participants. We provide a comprehensive report on the results of the first edition, which received 129 high-quality submissions. Additionally, we emphasize the impact of this initiative on the open science landscape, promoting software as a valuable research outcome, on par with publications.
A survey of security, privacy and trust issues in vehicular computation offloading and their solutions using blockchain.
Authors: Fayi Sharifah Yaqoub , Sheng Zhengguo
Published: October 2023

Continuous improvement in transportation systems and smart vehicles' appearance make new highly intensive applications. Complex applications need high-performance capabilities, real-time responses, and generate massive amounts of data to process and exchange. This presents the idea of vehicular edge computing (VEC), which is proposed to handle complex applications and satisfy smart vehicle processing requirements. VEC enables computation offloading to an edge server to reduce communication latency, execution cost and energy consumption greatly. However, offloading to another node opens up new vulnerabilities regarding security and privacy. Moreover, trust issues in such an untrustworthy environment need an effective trust management solution and incentive mechanisms to improve overall security. This will increase the computation offloading success rate and the vehicles' willingness to share their resources. Particularly given the high transportability and heterogeneity of vehicular networks, the conventional security and trust management methods are inadequate. Blockchain, the rapidly emerging trend technology, is a unique solution that can help overcome security and privacy issues and meet trust management and incentive mechanism goals. Blockchain’s immutable distributed ledger, traceability, consensus validation system and smart contract features can improve vehicular network security. Although most research is focused on enhancing the performance of computation offloading algorithms, blockchain security solutions in computation offloading scenarios are not fully discussed. Thus, security and trust issues related to computation offloading in VEC environments need more consideration since supporting the new complex vehicular applications is essential. Therefore, this paper provides a review of recent surveys and studies, an overview of VEC, computation offloading and blockchain, in addition to discussing security, privacy and trust in vehicular networks and computation offloading while considering blockchain as a distributed security solution. We propose a new paradigm called blockchain edge of vehicle (BEoV) at the end, which enables several blockchain-based security services for vehicular computation offloading in particular.
The Ethics of Conserving Modern Art
Authors: Yankovska Daria , Chirkova Nadiia
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the relevance of an ethical approach to theconservation and restoration of works of contemporary and conceptualart. The way in which restoration has developed over the last 50 yearshas made a huge contribution to the history of art. The origins of thisnew field of restoration – the restoration of contemporary art – havebeen analysed in the study. Based on the experiences and examplesconsidered in the article, final conclusions are made and proposalsgiven regarding contemporary art restoration in Ukraine.
DE RERUM NATURA: THE LOD MOSAIC FLOOR AS A COSMOLOGICAL AND TRANSCENDENTAL ALLEGORY
Authors: Sevilla-Sadeh Nava
Published: October 2023

The Lod Roman carpet mosaic, dated to around 300 CE, consists inthree panels containing images of animals. The centre and upper panelspresent geometric forms enclosing various images, while the lowerpanel portrays various marine creatures and ships within the same undividedspace. This portrayal seems to be offering a conceptual representationof the universe as it was perceived in Antiquity.Anchored in the methodology of artistic research, the present studyseeks to analyse both the aesthetic features of each panel and the mosaicas a unified work, based on the approach that these features, togetherand individually, contribute to the overall idea. Based on Romanthought, this study focuses on the metaphorical and symbolicmeanings of the depicted animals and other images, interpreting themas a cosmological and transcendental allegory.
Why Is There a Trefoil Motif From Karja Church in Pikk Street in Tallinn? Based on the Example of the Restoration of the In-Situ Gothic Portal in Pikk Street 7, How Medieval Is the Medieval Architecture of Tallinn Old Town?
Authors: Paju Risto
Published: October 2023

Although Tallinn is known for its authentic medieval architecture,the closer to details we delve, to view the medieval buildings fromthe perspective of particulars, or the history of things, following themethod of its apologist Ivan Gaskell, and take one concrete artefact asa starting point and basis, the more variegated the picture becomes.The portal of the medieval building in Pikk Street 7 contains someof the more interesting restoration questions. This article here looks atthe story of the restoration of a Gothic portal of a medieval residencein Tallinn. When we stand on Pikk Street today and take a cursorylook at the portal of the house number 7, with the masonry windowson either side of it, it may seem that this medieval portal ensemble

has survived as well as the one in Vene 17 in Tallinn. However, theportal of Pikk 7 has been chosen as the subject of this article because itcontains one of the most interesting and well-documented restorationstories of a medieval Gothic portal in Tallinn Old Town. How did ithappen that these two leave a similar impression?The article submits that the residence at Pikk 7 is indeed partiallypart of the medieval stonemasonry tradition of Tallinn, but certainlyto a lesser extent than the portal of Vene 17, which has survived in itsoriginal shape and place and has not been demolished and restored.The perspective portal of Pikk 7 is medieval to the same extent asit is from the 20th century and adds to the restoration history ofTallinn as much as to the studies of the medieval architecture ofTallinn. The Middle Ages have been the main target era and Gothicthe main target style of the restoration of the building at Pikk 7 – theend results have been aimed at the dominance of those. However, itwas decided not to restore the high gable with the blind niches thatcharacterise the medieval residences of Tallinn.To conclude, a fitting thought from Juhan Maiste, ‘Every singlething has a double meaning which tells us of the people to whomthose things once used to belong, but also of those who have cleanedand restored them, brought them, whether in their natural form oras a verbal text, back into the light.’ (Juhan Maiste, “Arvustus: Tagasi asjade juurde. Raimo Pullat. Tallinlase asjademaailmvalgustussajandil”, Akadeemia, 9 (2017), 1694.)The article is based on official restoration documentation,restoration critique in the press, and personal work memoirs ofrestorer Aarne Joonsaar.
Colours of the Past: Considerations on Photographic Colourisation of Archival Photographs
Authors: Gross Eduard-Claudiu
Published: October 2023

This essay addresses the subject of the automatic colourisation ofarchival black and white photographs using artificial intelligence. Inthe context of digitisation, there is an increasing number of collectionsavailable. Since in most cases the photographs were taken in blackand white due to technical limitations, rather than the artistic choiceof the photographer, colourisation is potentially helpful for archivistsand anthropologists in decrypting new meaning from archivalcollections. Colourisation is a process around which several questionsrevolve, both in terms of the usefulness of colourised photographsand the ethical dimension. This study reviews reasons both for andagainst colourisation. Research in the field of technology currentlyconcentrates on technical details, with attention focused almostentirely on the process without looking critically at potential utilityin other fields. Anthropologists, historians, archivists, and digitalhumanities researchers could benefit from these automated processesif they were made accessible. The main purpose of this paper is toinitiate a debate that will result in an interdisciplinary collaborationbetween the technical and the humanities fields.
DATING THE NEWLY DISCOVERED CEILING PAINTING IN THE HOUSE OF ESTLAND’S NOBILITY IN TALLINN
Authors: Hiiop Hilkka , Läänelaid Alar , Vinnal Hannes
Published: October 2023

In the course of renovating the Estonian Knighthood (Ritterschaft)House in the autumn of 2022, a magnificent find came to light in theceiling of a first floor room – a figural plafond painting on a canvasattached to the ceiling. This find is sensational since it adds to thenumber of rare and fragile canvas plafonds, only a few of whichsurvive in Estonia. This article demonstrates how archival researchand dendrochronology can work together hand in hand. Accordingto historical documents, this part of the Knighthood House was builtaround the year 1690, because it was described as nearly finishedin the spring of 1691. By applying dendrochronological dating, it

was possible to ascertain that the trees that form the main woodenstructures were felled after the growing season of 1689 and wereused in construction, probably in 1690. The Üxküll family of Vigalamanor sold their newly completed town palace to the Knighthood ofEstonia in 1694 for unknown reasons. The plafond painting probablyoriginates from the period between those two dates, 1690 and 1694.Thus, the Knighthood House’s plafond ceiling is the only firmlydated painting of this kind in Estonian architecture. It originatesfrom an earlier period than most other plafond paintings in Tallinn,which are assessed using stylistic comparison as dating from theperiod after the Great Northern War, specifically from 1721 to 1760.The nearly 60 m2 plafond is certainly the largest in Estonia. The useof distemper and oil paint techniques together makes this paintingremarkable. It is also the only known plafond with more than onepainting layer from different periods. At the time of writing, thepainting has not yet been exposed to view. Its thematic subject matterand the details of its technical realisation will be revealed onlyafter its restoration. The question of the authorship of the plafondpainting also remains unanswered at this stage. The overpaintingwith Rococo ornamentation covering the original painting can becautiously associated with the name of the guild painter, GotthardHolm, who was paid for work done in the Knighthood House inthe 1760s.
Usos, apropiación y construcción de significados del espacio urbano por parte de la niñez de un barrio popular: el caso de Brisas del Volador en Bogotá
Authors: Salgado-Ramírez Isaac Francisco , Hernández-García Jaime , Tovar Guerra Claudia
Published: October 2023

Este artículo explora las implicaciones socio-urbanas de la producción y transformación del espacio urbano en barrios informales o populares a partir de la experiencia de niños y niñas, para indagar sobre la construcción de significados en el barrio popular. Esto se realizó a partir de la revisión de los elementos que identifican como configuradores del entorno barrial, con relación a los factores que promueven o dificultan bienestar en esta población, tal y como esta población lo significa. La presente investigación se realizó en el barrio Brisas del Volador, dentro del marco del proyecto internacional sobre la experiencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes en las ciudades Growing up in cities iii, que es la tercera versión de un estudio original de Kevin Lynch en 1970, y una segunda versión de Louise Chawla en 1990. Se trabajó a partir de métodos participativos con los niños y niñas participes, y como resultado se reconocen procesos de uso, apropiación y significación del espacio urbano.
Combined effects of whole-body vibration and dynamic squats on cardiovascular and salivary biomarker responses in healthy adults
Authors: Jinakote Metee , Yoysungnoen Bhornprom , Vaddhanaphuti Chutima S. , Kasiyaphat Atchareeya
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of combining whole-body vibration with dynamic squats on cardiovascular and salivary bio-marker responses in healthy adults. A randomized crossover design was conducted with 20 healthy adults. Each participant underwent three exercise sessions, with a 2-week washout period between each session. The sessions consisted of: (1) whole-body vibration (VB) at 25 Hz for 2 minutes, with an amplitude of 2 mm, and 2 minutes of rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; (2) dynamic squats (SQ) performed 15 times within 2 minutes, with a 2-minute rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; and (3) a combination of whole-body VB and SQ (VB+SQ). The cardiovascular variables and salivary biomarkers related to exer-cise intensity were assessed. Only the VB+SQ session significantly de-creased the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and caused greater chang-es in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, and heart rate variability compared to VB or SQ alone. Moreover, the VB+SQ session significantly increased the salivary total protein concentration from 0.56±0.05 mg/mL (baseline) to 0.74± 0.06 mg/mL (postexercise condition) and the salivary alpha-amylase ac-tivity from 33.83±5.56 U/mL (baseline) to 63.63±12.33 U/mL (postexercise condition) (p<0.05). These changes were recovered at 1-hr postexer-cise condition. Our findings provide information for designing exercise programs that incorporate VB+SQ to enhance hemodynamic and cardi-ac autonomic responses in healthy adults and for application during re-habilitation periods.
Supporting patients to understand the variances in dual antiplatelet therapy treatment
Authors: Yasin Ghazala
Published: October 2023

Divisional chief nurse and former cardiology nurse consultant, Ghazala Yasin, discusses factors that nurses can consider to support and inform patients who are prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy.
Nasal sprays: commonly used medications that are often misunderstood
Authors: Williams Stephen P , Swift Andrew C
Published: October 2023

Sinonasal inflammatory disease is very common and all clinicians who care for these patients should understand the topical treatment options available. This article reviews the utility and application of steroidal, saline, decongestant, antihistamine and anticholinergic preparations for the treatment of sinonasal disease, with a particular focus on evidence-based guidelines for use in both specialist and non-specialist healthcare settings.
PRINCESAS PRETAS EXISTEM SIM! CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A LEITURA DE LITERATURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA EM SALA DE AULA E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE ÉTNICO-RACIAL DE CRIANÇAS NEGRAS
Authors: Bahia Pessanha Lima Anna Paula , Mendes de Lima Rogerio
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo, a obra “Bucala: a pequena princesa do Quilombo do Cabula” (2019), de autoria de Davi Nunes, é apresentada com o objetivo de promover, em sala de aula, a valorização da identidade racial negra, o sentimento de pertencimento e a elevação da autoestima de meninas e meninos negros por meio da literatura infantil. O trabalho parte da necessidade de ações pedagógicas que propiciem um olhar contra-hegemônico sobre a representatividade étnico-racial, permitindo que as crianças negras vivenciem um ambiente de valorização e empoderamento a partir de um repertório literário que tenha protagonistas que lhe sirvam de referência e dialoguem com elas. Faz-se uma discussão acerca da necessidade de se romper com os estereótipos historicamente construídos de princesas e príncipes de inspiração eurocêntrica, ainda presentes na literatura infantil, para uma educação antirracista e que auxilie na construção de uma sociedade justa e sem discriminação.
Metaheuristic Aided Improved LSTM for Multi-document Summarization: A Hybrid Optimization Model
Authors: Ketineni Sunilkumar , J Sheela
Published: October 2023

Multi-document summarization (MDS) is an automated process designed to extract information from various texts that have been written regarding the same subject. Here, we present a generic, extractive, MDS approach that employs steps like preprocessing, feature extraction, score generation, and summarization. The input text goes preprocessing steps such as lemmatization, stemming, and tokenization in the first stage. After preprocessing, features are extracted, including improved semantic similarity-based features, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF-based features), and thematic-based features. Finally, an improved LSTM model will be proposed to summarize the document based on the scores considered under the objectives such as content coverage and redundancy reduction. The Blue Monkey Integrated Coot Optimization (BMICO) algorithm is proposed in this paper for fine-tuning the optimal weight of the LSTM model that ensures precise summarization. Finally, the suggested BMICO’s effectiveness is evaluated, and the outcome is successfully verified.
Mindfulness as a Potential Moderator Between Child Behavior Problems and Maternal Well-Being
Authors: Griffith Gemma M. , Saville Christopher W. N. , Halstead Elizabeth J. , Hastings Richard P.
Published: October 2023

Mindfulness-based programs can help lower psychological distress among parents of children with developmental disabilities. However, less is known about the functions of mindfulness in relation to parental outcomes. In a cross-sectional survey, mothers of children with developmental disabilities (N = 313) reported on their child’s behavior problems, trait mindfulness, mindful parenting, and a range of outcomes (anxiety and depression symptoms, parenting stress, family satisfaction, and positive gain). Neither trait mindfulness or mindful parenting acted as moderators between child behavior problems and outcome variables, although both had main effect (compensatory) associations with parent outcomes. Benefits of mindfulness-based programs may be general rather than specifically in the context of high child behavior problems, given the lack of evidence for the moderating function of mindfulness.
Associations Between Parenting Behaviors and Behavioral Problems in Young Children With Developmental Delays
Authors: Luehring Mathew C. , McIntyre Laura Lee
Published: October 2023

Children with developmental delays (DD) are at heightened risk for developing behavior problems, which contribute to parenting stress and caregiving burden. There is an established relation between parenting behaviors and child developmental outcomes with less known about parent–child interactions in young children with DD. The present study examined the associations between parenting behaviors and child behavior in a sample of 180 families with preschool-aged children with DD. Results indicated that caregivers’ harsh and coercive behaviors were associated with observed challenging behavior in children. Child age, as well as the number of commands issued by caregivers were associated with noncompliance in children. The significance and limitations of these findings are discussed, as well as recommendations for interventions and future research.
3D imaging of aqueous veins and surrounding sclera using a dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Ni Linyu , Zhang Wei , Kim Wonsuk , Warchock Alexus , Bicket Amanda , Wang Xueding , Moroi Sayoko E. , Argento Alan , Xu Guan
Published: October 2023

Understanding aqueous outflow resistance at the level of aqueous veins has been a challenge to the management of glaucoma. This study investigated resolving the anatomies of aqueous veins and the textures of surrounding sclera using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). A dual wavelength PAM system was established and validated using imaging phantoms, porcine and human globes perfused with an optical contrast agent ex vivo. The system shows lateral resolution of 8.23 µm and 4.70 µm at 1200 nm and 532 nm, respectively, and an axial resolution of 27.6 µm. The system is able to separately distinguish the aqueous veins and the sclera with high contrast in full circumference of the porcine and human globes.
Underwater ghost imaging with detection distance up to 9.3 attenuation lengths
Authors: Li Yuliang , Chen Mingliang , Qi Jinquan , Deng Chenjin , Du Longkun , Bo Zunwang , Han Chang , Mao Zhihua , He Yan , Shao Xuehui , Han Shensheng
Published: October 2023

Underwater ghost imaging LiDAR is an effective method of underwater detection. In this research, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted on underwater ghost imaging, combining the underwater optical field transmission model with the inherent optical parameters of a water body. In addition, the Wells model and the approximate Sahu-Shanmugam scattering phase function were used to create a model for underwater optical transmission. The second-order Glauber function of the optical field was then employed to analyze the scattering field degradation during the transmission process. The simulation and experimental results verified that the proposed underwater model could better reveal the degrading effect of a water body on ghost imaging. A further series of experiments comparing underwater ghost imaging at different detection distances was also conducted. In the experimental system, gated photomultiplier tube (PMT) was used to filter out the peak of backscattering, allowing a larger gain to be set for longer-range detection of the target. The laser with a central wavelength of 532 nm was operated at a frequency of 2 KHz, with a single pulse energy of 2 mJ, a pulse width of 10 ns. High-reflective targets were imaged up to 65.2 m (9.3 attenuation lengths (ALs), attenuation coefficient c = 0.1426 m-1, and scattering coefficient b = 0.052 m-1) and diffuse-reflection targets up to 41.2 m (6.4 ALs, c = 0.1569 m-1, and b = 0.081 m-1). For the Jerlov-I (c = 0.048 m-1 and b = 0.002 m-1) water body, the experimentally obtained maximum detection distance of 9.3 ALs can be equivalent to 193.7 m under the same optical system conditions.
Plasmonic responses in Janus bAsP with elliptic-to-hyperbolic transition: an ab-initio study
Authors: Han Z. L. , Zhou Y.
Published: October 2023

Plasmonic responses in materials with actively tunable elliptic-to-hyperbolic transition are rare in nature. Based on ab-initio calculations, we have theoretically predicted that Janus black arsenic phosphorus (bAsP) supports both elliptic and hyperbolic in-plane surface plasmon polaritons in the infrared after being doped with electrons. In the elliptic regime, anisotropic plasmonic responses have been observed, which can be explained by the anisotropic dispersions at the bottom of the conduction bands. In the hyperbolic regime, the total permittivity along the armchair/zigzag edge is negative/positive, which is the result of positive interband permittivities and largely different Drude plasma frequencies along two directions making the total permittivities change signs at different photon energies. In this material, changing the topology (elliptic or hyperbolic) of the plasmonic responses via doping is possible. Then, strains along the zigzag and armchair directions have been applied to modify the band structures as well as the plasmonic responses. Since plasmonic responses are mostly related to the bands near the Fermi energy, a relatively small strain along the zigzag direction can make bAsP become an indirect-bandgap material and change the Drude plasma frequencies under proper doping. With both strain and doping present in this material, we have even found a special case of hyperbolicity where the total permittivity in the zigzag/armchair direction is negative/positive, which is opposite to the normal case. In the end, we have extended our investigations to bAsP-graphene heterostructures. Since bAsP is a Janus material, such direct contact can change the Fermi energy through charge transfer making this heterostructure support strong plasmons without extra doping. Our investigations propose bAsP as a promising Janus material platform for plasmonic applications.
Model and experimental verification of SOP transient in OPGW based on direct strike lightning
Authors: Hu Kaijing , Tong Fei , Lian Weihua , Li Wei
Published: October 2023

We introduce inductive lightning and direct lightning that affect the state of polarization (SOP) of signal light in optical ground wire (OPGW) of power transmission line, deduce the helical component of direct lightning on OPGW, and establish the transient model of signal SOP in OPGW based on direct lightning. We also monitored actual optical transport network (OTN) systems deployed on OPGW in thunderstorm-prone areas for three months, recorded error codes and SOP transients of more than 1.5 Mrad/s using a bit error rate tester and a polarimeter accordingly. The highest SOP transient rate was up to 43 Mrad/s. Finally, we verify the accuracy of the model through simulation and experiment comparison.
Nonlinear topological laser on the non-Hermitian Haldane model with higher-order corner states
Authors: Wei Mei-Song , Wang Yi-Qing , Liao Ming-Jie , Yang Yaping , Xu Jingping
Published: October 2023

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) on the non-Hermitian Haldane model with gain and loss on the honeycomb lattice with the outline of a triangle is discussed. The NHSE only occurs on the edge of the lattice, transforming the edge modes into the higher-order corner modes. The NHSE can also occur on a lattice with only loss, which can be treated as a lattice with gain and loss as well as a global loss added to it. When the saturated gain is added to the three corner sites of the dissipative lattice, a single-mode laser system is obtained. When any one site is stimulated initially, the system will reach a saturated state depending on the distribution of the corner modes, and the stable laser light is emitted by sites at the corners.
Analytical solution to electromagnetic wave transport in planar magneto-optical waveguide: modal dispersion, coupling, and nonreciprocal flow
Authors: Ji Zitao , Lin Hao , Chen Jianfeng , Zheng Yidong , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: October 2023

The magneto-optical (MO) materials are essential for designing nonreciprocal devices, like isolators and circulators. Even though the study of MO effect has a long history, the recent works of fabricating nonreciprocal nanostructures, novel MO metamaterials, and topological photonics have garnered significant attention in both theoretical and experimental research of MO materials. In this work, we consider the planar MO waveguide mode. By setting the general form of the fields and utilizing the boundary conditions, the analytical solution of MO modes is obtained. We have shown the potential of such effective solution in analyzing the dispersions and transport behaviors of MO modes in the waveguide. Crossings and avoided crossings of modes will happen, which may due to the strong coupling of TE and TM modes in the waveguide. Faraday rotation can be observed during the propagation of MO modes and the energy flow will precess in the waveguide. These results can be applied in predicting the evolution of the modes in MO waveguides, which has potential in designing MO nonreciprocal devices.
Thermo-optic VO2-based silicon waveguide mid-infrared router with asymmetric activation thresholds and large bi-stability: errata
Authors: Lust Mark , Vitebskiy Ilya , Anisimov Igor , Ghalichechian Nima
Published: October 2023

The authors report an error in the phrasing and citation of the reference to simulation model input data in [Opt. Express 31(14), 23260 202310.1364/OE.493895]. The original phrasing misplaced “heat capacity” after the in-text citation, where the intended phrase was “electrical conductivity,” and heat capacity was intended to be cited with thermal conductivity as external measured data. In the reference itself, the source cited for thermal conductivity and heat capacity was errantly cited as H. Kizuka, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 053201 (2015)10.7567/JJAP.54.053201. The JJAP paper shows data for both thermal properties of VO2; however, the data utilized for our model input parameters are found in [J. Miranda, et al., Phys. Rev. B 98, 075144 (2018)], including heat capacity data reproduced therein from [T. Kawakubo and T. Nakagawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 19, 4 (1964)]. There are no effects on the simulated data nor conclusions of this article due to the error.
Polarization-sensitive UV photodetector based on ReSe2/GaN mixed-dimensional heterojunction
Authors: Sang Yuheng , Xu Mingjun , Huang Jianming , Jian Liang , Gao Wei , Sun Yiming , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yan Yong , Yang Mengmeng , Li Jingbo
Published: October 2023

Polarization-sensitive photodetectors in the ultraviolet (UV) region have been favored for their great meaning in the field of military and civilian. UV photodetectors based on GaN have aroused much attention due to high photocurrent and high sensitivity. However, the dependence on external power sources and the limited sensitivity to polarized UV light significantly impede the practical application of these photodetectors in UV-polarized photodetection. Herein, a polarization-sensitive UV photodetector based on ReSe2/GaN mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunction is proposed. Owing to the high-quality junction and type-II band alignment, the responsivity and specific detectivity reach values of 870 mA/W and 6.8 × 1011 Jones, under 325 nm illumination, respectively. Furthermore, thanks to the strong in-plane anisotropy of ReSe2, the device is highly sensitive to polarized UV light with a photocurrent anisotropic ratio up to 6.67. The findings are expected to bring new opportunities for the development of highly sensitive, high-speed and energy-efficient polarization-sensitive photodetectors.
Label- and slide-free tissue histology using 3D epi-mode quantitative phase imaging and virtual hematoxylin and eosin staining
Authors: Abraham Tanishq Mathew , Costa Paloma Casteleiro , Serafini Caroline Elizabeth , Guang Zhe , Zhang Zhaobin , Neill Stewart , Olson Jeffrey J. , Levenson Richard , Robles Francisco E.
Published: October 2023

Histological staining of tissue biopsies, especially hematoxylin and
eosin (H&E) staining, serves as the benchmark for disease
diagnosis and comprehensive clinical assessment of tissue. However,
the typical formalin-fixation, paraffin-embedding (FFPE) process is
laborious and time consuming, often limiting its usage in
time-sensitive applications such as surgical margin assessment. To
address these challenges, we combine an emerging 3D quantitative phase
imaging technology, termed quantitative oblique back illumination
microscopy (qOBM), with an unsupervised generative adversarial network
pipeline to map qOBM phase images of unaltered thick tissues (i.e.,
label- and slide-free) to virtually stained H&E-like (vH&E)
images. We demonstrate that the approach achieves high-fidelity
conversions to H&E with subcellular detail using fresh tissue
specimens from mouse liver, rat gliosarcoma, and human gliomas. We
also show that the framework directly enables additional capabilities
such as H&E-like contrast for volumetric imaging. The quality and
fidelity of the vH&E images are validated using both a neural
network classifier trained on real H&E images and tested on
virtual H&E images, and a user study with neuropathologists. Given
its simple and low-cost embodiment and ability to provide real-time
feedback in vivo, this
deep-learning-enabled qOBM approach could enable new workflows for
histopathology with the potential to significantly save time, labor,
and costs in cancer screening, detection, treatment guidance, and
more.
From Non-linear Optics to Next-generation Imaging:
A Journey through Non-linear Imaging Techniques
Authors: Rezafirouz Alireza
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear optics (NLO) offers transformative capabilities in the realm of imaging, particularly within the field of microscopy. This review provides an exhaustive insight into the principles, techniques, and advancements of nonlinear optical imaging. Initially, we define the core concept of nonlinearity and its crucial role in optics. The survey then delves into some of the most prominent NLO imaging techniques in microscopy that have heralded new dimensions in imaging capabilities, especially in surmounting the diffraction limit. The relationship between contrast enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is detailed, with a spotlight on the profound implications of improved SNR on image clarity. Our review underscores the pivotal applications of NLO in biological and medical imaging, elucidating its transformative impact across various disciplines. The inevitable technical constraints and limitations of nonlinear imaging are also addressed, complemented by a discussion on potential strategies to overcome such barriers. The future trajectory of nonlinear imaging is anticipated to be profound, with advancements paving the way for groundbreaking developments. A special section is dedicated to revealing the symbiotic relationship between artificial intelligence and NLO in amplifying the scientific and medical possibilities. In summation, this review offers a panoramic view of its current status and future prospects.
Accuracy of microwave photonic signal processors based on microcombs for different input temporal signal waveforms
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2023

Microwave photonic (MWP) signal processors, which process microwave signals based on pho-tonic technologies, bring advantages intrinsic to photonics such as low loss, large processing bandwidth, and strong immunity to electromagnetic interference. Optical microcombs can offer a large number of wavelength channels and compact device footprints, which make them powerful multi-wavelength sources for MWP signal processors to realize a variety of processing functions. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the capability of microcomb-based MWP signal processors to handle diverse input signal waveforms. In addition, we quantify the processing accuracy for different input signal waveforms, including Gaussian, triangle, parabolic, super Gaussian, and nearly square waveforms. Finally, we analyze the factors contributing to the dif-ference in the processing accuracy among the different input waveforms, and our theoretical analysis well elucidates the experimental results. These results provide a guidance for micro-comb-based MWP signal processors when processing microwave signals of various waveforms.