bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Efficacy of Two Ixodicide Collars Against Rhipicephalus Sanguineus, 1995
Authors: Estrada-Pena A. , Ascher F.
Published: December 2017

The ixodicide activity of two collars against brown dog tick was evaluated by laboratory infestations of dogs with ticks, checking their mortality and antifixing-antifeeding effect. Collars were a 9% Amitraz (AMZ) formulation (Preventic®, Virbac) and a Propoxur + Flumethrin (PPX) (Kiltix®, Bayer). In the mortality test, we used 3 groups of 8 dogs each. Dogs of one group had AMZ collars, 2nd group PPX collars and the 3rd group with only placebo collars served as untreated check (UTC). One day before fitting the collars, dogs were infested with 100 females and 25 males. The numbers of ticks were checked every 24 h for 5 consecutive days. After the last count, ticks were manually detached and allowed to oviposit under laboratory conditions. For the antifixing-antifeeding test, we used 12 dogs in 3 groups, following a crossed assay. Seven days after the collar fitting dogs were infested with 100 female and 25 male ticks. Twenty-four hours after the infestation, ticks were counted and detached, and a second infestation was carried out. Ticks were again counted and detached after 48h, followed by a third infestation. These ticks were counted after 72 hours, and again manually detached. Each time, ticks were counted as alive unfed females, alive feeding females, dead unfed females, and dead feeding females.
The Effectiveness of Br-Corn Hybrids for Control of European Corn Borer, 1996
Authors: Shaw J.T. , Steffey K.L. , Gray M.E. , Finger J.W.
Published: December 2017

Corn was planted at the University of Illinois Cruse Farm, Champaign, Illinois, on 24 May. The experimental design was a split plot with natural or manual infestation of ECB as the main plots and 5 different B/-corn hybrids and their non-Br isolines as the subplots. Each plot was 4 rows (30-inch) wide X 40 ft long with 35 plants per row (after thinning). Treatments were replicated 5 times. Manual ECB infestations to simulate the first-generation were made on 3 and 6 July at the V7 corn leaf stage by releasing approximately 50 neonate larvae in corn grit into the whorls of corn plants using a ‘bazooka’ applicator. Manual ECB infestations to simulate the second-generation were made at corn anthesis on 7 Aug by applying approximately 25 neonate larvae in corn grit to the leaf exiles above and below the ear node. On 8 Aug, 25 neonate larvae were applied to the ear node and the second leaf axil above the ear node. All manual infestations were made to all plants (70 total) in the middle 2 rows of each plot. On 31 Jul, 20 consecutive plants were rated for leaf feeding by first generation larvae by using the 1 to 10 Guthrie scale. On 9 and lOOct, 15 consecutive plants from 1 of the middle 2 rows were split with a corn knife for evaluation. The number of plants with cavities and the total length of cavities per plant were recorded. Also, the number of live larvae per plant was recorded. The mean percentage of plants with cavities, the mean length of stalk tunneling (in inches) per plant and the mean number of live larvae were determined for each plot. ECB damage to the ear and shank were analyzed separately from the stalk damage data. An ear rating scale of 1 to 3 was used, with 1 being tip damage only, 2 being side damage only, and 3 being tip + side damage on the same ear. Shelled grain weights (yields) were taken from the 15 dissected plants, corrected to 15.5% moisture, and added to the machine harvested weights (moisture corrected) for the remaining plants of the middle 2 rows in each plot.
Evaluation of Winter Wheats For Resistance to Hessian Fly, 1995 And 1996
Authors: Buntin G. D. , Johnson J. W. , Raymer P. L.
Published: December 2017

Commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for Hessian fly resistance in a field at the Southwest Branch Experiment Station near Plains, GA. In each year, lines were planted in single 3-ft rows in a RCB design with 3 replications. One row ft of plants was examined. In 1995, lines were evaluated on 5 May during dough stage and percentage of infested stems and immatures per stem counted. In 1996, evaluations were at full tillering on 14 Feb, when the percentage of infested plants and immatures per plant was recorded. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were compared with protected LSD test.
Peach, Control of Peachtree Borers with Chemical Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Polk D. F.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were applied during the late summer of 1995 to mature (greater than 15 year old) Autumhglo peach trees in a commercial orchard. Most trees had heavy gumming at the base, showing symptoms of prolonged borer activity. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates, 10 trees per replicate for a total of 40 trees per treatment. Applications were made with a Durand Wayland 100 gal. handgun sprayer set at 250 psi. Applications were made on 11 Aug and 26 Sep, and applied to the base of each tree with 1.25 gal of spray volume per tree. Pupal cases were counted on each tree on 6 Sep and 26 Oct, 1995, and again on 7 Aug, 12 Sep and 1 Oct, 1996. Pupal case counts were combined to give yearly totals.
Flea Beetle Control in Broccoli, 1996
Authors: Al-Doghairi Mohammed , Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Gerace Dan , Tupy Andrea
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted on spring-transplanted (13 May) broccoli (cv. Green Comet) at the Horticulture Field Research Center in Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots consisted 20 ft long single rows with 15-in in-row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were made 3 Jun and 21 Jun using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 30 psi in two passes directed along the sides of the planting. An organosilicant spreader (Kinetic, 6 fl oz/A) was added to all treatments. Evaluations were made by visual observations of flea beetles on six plants/plot.
Control of Cabbage Looper, Diamondback Moth and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage with Mi-Crobial Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol
Published: December 2017

‘Bravo’ cabbage were planted in 1 row plots 35 ft. long on 31 Jul. Plants were spaced 22 inches apart in the row with 72 inches between rows. The treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments-were mixed in 2.0 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi Treatments were applied on 29 Aug; 4, 11, 19, 25 Sep and 2 Oct. Confirm was only applied on 29 Aug; and 11 and 25 Sep. Foliage injury was rated on a scale of 1-6: 1 = no apparent insect feeding; 2 = minor insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves, 0-1% leaf area eaten; 3 = moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with no head damage, 2-5% leaf area eaten; 4 = moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with minor feeding on head. 6-10% leaf head unmarketable during normal marketing conditions; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on wrapper and head leaves and moderate number o\ feeding scars on head, 11 -30% of leaf area eaten; 6 = considerable insect feeding on wrapper and head leaves with head having numerous feeding scars, over 30% of leaf area eaten.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Dbm, 1995
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Dunbar D. , Shimabuku R. S.
Published: December 2017

The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from July to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 4.5 ft. row spacing. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. wide space that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. The first two treatments were applied using twin jet TJ 60-8006 nozzles at 25 psi with an output of 100 gpa. Thereafter, the pressures was increased to 45 psi to give an output of 125 gpa. The first treatment was made on 18 July, 5 days after transplanting. Subsequent applications were made on the following dates: 25 July, 1,8, 15, 22, and 29 Aug.
Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles on Spring and Fall Cucumbers, 1997
Authors: Speese John , Nault Brian A.
Published: December 2017

Cucumbers were planted on 21 May (spring crop) and 13 Aug (fall crop) at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of either two 25-ft-long rows (spring crop) or 20-ft-long rows (fall crop) with 5-ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by 10 ft of bare ground.Each treatment was replicated either 6 times (spring crop) or 5 times (fall crop) in a RCBD. Sprays were applied with a propane-powered backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 44 gal of spray/acre at 40 psi. The Adios AG treatments were broadcast over the appropriate rows with a hand-held shaker. The screens were removed from the nozzles before applications of Adios were made. Treatments were applied before the vines began to bloom. Spring crop application dates were 18 and 30 Jun; fall crop application dates were 16 and 24 Sep. In both the spring and the fall, the most uni-form row in each plot was selected and marked for sampling. The number of live beetles per 6 ft X 5 ft section of each row was recorded on the dates in-dicated in the tables. Market-sized fruit was harvested from the entire marked row. The spring crop was harvested on 16, 22, and 30 Jul; the combined to-tal yields for all 3 harvest dates are recorded in the table. The fall crop was harvested once on 29 Oct.
Control of Aphids on Lettuce, 1997
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J.
Published: December 2017

‘New Red Fire’ leaf lettuce was planted at the Muck Crops Branch, Celeryville, OH, on 1 Aug. The field was fertilized with 800 lbs of 17-17-17 per acre. The experimental plots were three rows 20 inches apart, 20 ft long, with plant spacing at 12 inches within rows. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design. Foliar treatment applications were made 18 Sep using a Cagle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three conejet TXVS-12 nozzles. Aphid populations were evaluated 22 Sep by randomly selecting five lettuce plants from the middle row of each plot and rating the density of aphids on each plant as follows: (0 = no aphids; 1 = 1-4 aphids; 2 = 5-10 aphids; 3 = 11-33 aphids; 4 = 34-100 aphids; 5 = 101-300 aphids; 6 = more than 300 aphids).
Evaluation of Conventional Insecticides for Western Flower Thrips Control in Lettuce, 1997
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J.
Published: December 2017

A field trial was conducted at the University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center. Lettuce was direct seeded Dec 2 into double-row beds on 42-inch centers. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 60 feet long with a two-bed buffer between the plots. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. The foliar treatments were applied in 40 gpa total volume at 160 psi. A spreader/sticker was used with all treatments (Latron at 0.25% v/v). Three disc-type cone nozzles were used per bed. Two applications were made in each trial; 12 and 24 Feb. Evaluations of thrips control were based on the number of live adults and nymphs per plant sampled from the center 2 rows of each replicate on 11, 18 Feb, and 2 Mar. Numbers of thrips from 5 plants per replicate were recorded on each sample. Samples were taken by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan. Inside of the pan was a sticky trap to catch the dislodged thrips. Sticky traps were then taken to the laboratory where adult and immature thrips were identified to species and counted. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA using a protected LSD F test to distinguish treatment mean differences.
Evaluation of Azadirachtinl for Control of Pepper Maggot, European Corn Borerl, and Aphids on Bell Peppers, 1997
Authors: Boucher J. , Nixon G. , Ashley R.
Published: December 2017

‘Boynton Bell’ peppers were transplanted into fields at three farms in E. Hartford and Enfield, Connecticut, between 28 May and 5 Jun. Weeds were controlled by regular hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 300 plants in 10 rows, 45 ft long, with 1.5 ft between plants and 4 ft between rows. A single treatment and control plot were planted end to end at each farm in a RCBD so that rows within the experiment were 90 ft long at each location. Treatments consisted of seven applications of Neemix on 17 and 24 Jul and 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 Aug, and an unsprayed check. Plants were sprayed from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. Both the treatment and control plots at the E. Hart-ford farm were inadvertently sprayed by the farmer with a single application of dimethoate at a rate of 0.5 pt per acre on 15 Jul. Aphid and beneficial arthro-pod populations were counted on four leaves per plant on 30 plants per plot, prior to Neemix applications on 17 Jul, and post-treatment on 1 Aug and 4 Sep. Beneficial arthropods sampled included ladybird beetles, lacewings, Aphidoletes midge larvae, Surphid fly larvae, spiders, and wasp-parasitized aphids. One to three extra-large fruits from each of 20 plants per plot were harvested and dissected on 25 Aug. External PM oviposition fruit-scars and internal larvae were counted. A single extra-large fruit from each of 50 plants per plot was harvested and dissected on 4 Sep and ECB larvae were counted. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests.
Control of Aphids on Irish Potato, 1996
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was an RCB design replicated 5 times and was conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1995. It was planted 28 May. The 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.8-m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 19 Jun. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (approx. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by 7 foliar applications of mancozeb. Fur-row applications of insecticides were made by sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 (80 psi) pressure and 0.47 kl/ha (50 gpa). Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, a middle, and a bottom leaf on 20 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analy-ses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10(x +1). Transformed means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 8.5, 11.8, and 6.2 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.3, 19.4, and 20.0 deg. C.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Tomato Insects, 1997
Authors: Griffin R. P. , Khan M.F.R.
Published: December 2017

Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 2 May at the Cherry Farm, Clemson, SC. Experimental plots consisted of two adjacent 3-ft-wide bedded rows, 15 ft long, with 6-ft spacing between rows, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Seedlings were placed 18 inches apart within rows and were drip irrigated. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using TX10 hollow-cone tips on a three nozzle boom, delivering 48 gal finished spray/acre at 60 psi. Both sides of each row were sprayed. Treatments were applied on 12,23 Jun and 3, 11,21, and 31 Jul. Maintenance sprays comprising of the fungicides Manzate 200 at 3 lb product/acre and Kocide DF at 2 lb product/acre were tank mixed and applied with the insecticide treatments. FT population was evaluated on 7 and 15 Jul by selecting 10 flowers at random from each plot, dissecting the flower and counting the numbers of FT. Actual numbers of thrips/10 flowers/plot are reported. PA populations were monitored on 7 and 15 Jul by observing 10 leaves selected at random from each plot and recording the number of aphid/10 leaves/plot. All plants (20) in each plot were examined for TBHW injury on 25 Jul and the data are expressed as number of plants damaged/20 plants. On 4 Aug, 25 fruits were picked at random from each plot and examined for TFW injury. The data are expressed as percent TFW injury/plot. Twenty-five fruits were harvested at random from each plot on 4 Aug and examined for SB injury. The data are expressed as percent SB injury/plot. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using LSD (P = 0.05).
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1997
Authors: Spomer Stephen M. , Higley Leon G. , Haile Fikru J. , Hoback W. W.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were evaluated on a 2-yr-old stand during the 3rd alfalfa growth period at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NE. Plots were 20 X 30 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 31 Jul with a CO2 backpack sprayer fitted with four flat-fan nozzles, which delivered approximately 9.1 gpa at 20-22 PSI. Each plot received about 0.5 liter of water along with the treatment (the untreated check received water only). Alfalfa height at application was 36 cm. Rainfall was measurable on 10 Aug (4.5 cm). Plots were sampled 1, 7, and 14 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net (stratified by date). Samples were frozen for later evaluation.
Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1997
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Kuhar T. P. , Laub C. A.
Published: December 2017

Seventeen insecticide treatments and an un-treated check were evaluated against AW in a 4th-year stand of ‘Anstar’ alfalfa located in Floyd Co., VA. Plots of 18 X 20 ft were arranged in a RCBD in each of four replications. AW densities were determined in each plot prior to spray treatment on 15 Apr. Post-treatment AW densities and stem ht were sampled every four to six days in all plots through 13 May. AW density was estimated by collecting and then vigorously shaking 5 stems against the sides of a 5-gal bucket for 10 seconds, then recording the number of small and large AW larvae in the bucket. Stem ht was determined by measuring the length of 2 stems per plot. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 15 Apr using a CO2 backpack sprayer. The backpack sprayer was equipped with 4, 8002VS stainless steel spray tips and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 40 psi. Weather conditions during application averaged 51°F air temperature, 63% relative humidity, clear skies, and minimal wind movement. A two-way ANOVA and LSD were used to analyze differences among treatments in AW densities, after (x + 0.5)1/2 transformation, and stem ht.
Evaluation of Labelled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Larval Corn Rootworm, Clay Center, Ne, 1997
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J.
Published: December 2017

Planting and first-cultivation time insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE to evaluate their effectiveness for larval corn rootworm control. The local population consisted of >95% WCR and <5% NCR. All plots were in trap crop (insecticide free) during 1996. In 1994-5, European corn borer insecticide trials were conducted in the study area. Multi-class soil insecticide and nematode trials were conducted in the study area during 1993. All plots were insecticide free in 1992. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each plot consisted of a single row 30 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. All plots were planted on 29 Apr. Granular insecticides were applied using 10-inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes on a 2-row John Deere 7100 plateless planter. Pre-weighed amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly around the belt cone by a divider funnel and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with a drag rake (TB). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.25 gpa @ 8 psi (LP). Established plant populations were evaluated on 2 Jun. On 9 Jun, initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected. First-cultivation time treatments were applied on 10 Jun. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply granular insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were applied basally by shaking the mason jar and immediately incorporated with a garden rake (GC). A CO3-pressurized backpack sprayer with an output of 21 gpa at 30 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides at first-cultivation. Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the top of the plant whorl and insecticide reaching the soil surface was immediately incorporated with a garden rake (LC). Plots were cultivated on 13 Jun. Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 17 Jul. Five plants were dug from each plot and rated for root damage using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1: no feeding; 6: 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT
Chinch Bug Management with Foliar Insecticides in Field Corn, 1997
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Riley T. J. , Castro B. A.
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments was compared with that of an untreated control at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Corn seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 6.1, 1.1% organic matter) on 27 Mar in 2-row plots (40 inch centers) X 40 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Treatments were applied with a handboom and a CO2-charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through 8002 flat-fan nozzles (2/row) at 28 psi. Insecticides were applied on 14 May to V5 stage corn plants. Ten plants/plot were randomly chosen for sampling on 16 and 20 May. Total numbers of chinch bugs were recorded by visually examining mainstems of the plant and leaf sheaths. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT. Rainfall did not influence the results of this test.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W.
Published: December 2017

Each plot consisted of four 30-inch-wide by 100-ft-long rows with four replications. Treatments were applied to the center two rows of each plot leaving two untreated rows between each plot. A RCB design with four replications was utilized. Two untreated check plots were included in each replication and were averaged for the ANOVA. On 27 Jun, 10 consecutive plants in each of the middle two rows of a 4-row plot were in-fested by placing two ECB egg masses (black-head stage) in the whorl of each plant. On the day of infestation, corn plants were in the 5-6-leaf stage. All insecticide treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV). Granular insecticides applied on 2 July, were metered through Noble units mounted in brackets on the rear of the HCV. The Noble units were driven with electric motors, and the granules were applied over the whorls in a 7-inch band. The planting-time liquid treatments of Regent 4 SC 0.13 lb (AI)/acre were applied 15 May using microtubes directed into the furrow and calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa at 20 psi and 3.0 mph. The post-infestation liquid insecticides were applied on 2 Jul with two 8003 TeeJet flat-fan nozzles (one per row) in a band over the row with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 9.7 gpa at 20 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph. The height of the nozzles above the whorls was 10 to 12 inches.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Insecticides for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997A
Authors: Howell Michael S. , Reed Jack T.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center in Verona, Mississippi, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38-inch row spacing) by fifty feet long. Insecticides applied in-furrow at planting on 12 May were applied with belt-cone applicators (Temik, Orthene, and Thimet treatments). On 15 Jul CGA-293343 5 FS was mixed with liquid fertilizer for one treatment, and knifed into the soil approximately 2 inches from the row. Five plants/plot were collected at random by cutting plants at ground level with scissors and gently placing them into Ziploc bags for transport to the lab. Thrips were than washed off the samples onto filter paper and were counted. Adults were identified to species under dissection microscope. During the evaluation, there was a total of 10.81 inches of rainfall, and adequate rainfall continued throughout the growing season. Yield (lb seed cotton/acre) was determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot, and calculating yield based on measurement of the actual area picked.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth, and Yield, 1996
Authors: Mulder P. G.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy of selected in-secticides was evaluated for tobacco thrips control and for effects on growth and yield of ‘Okrun’ runner-type peanut in Ft. Cobb, OK. Peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 21 May. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. The hopperbox Orthene treatment was planted last, to avoid planter box contamination. Preweighted amounts of Orthene 75 S were added evenly over the seed, llternating one-third seed then one-third chemical, until the boxes were filled. Foliar treatments were applied after plant emergence using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi through one 8004 E flat-fan nozzle per row. Post-emergent treatments were applied 19 days after planting (9 Jun). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. Treatments were evaluated by comparing plant stand counts per 1/1000 of an acre, and injury ratings were based on a 0 to 10 scale: 0 = no thrips-injured leaves; 10 = 100% injured leaves and dead plants. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 3, 13, 20, and 27 Jun. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying, and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Dimilin for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1995
Authors: Muegge M. A. , Barbour J. D. , Rice W. C. , Bollich P. A.
Published: December 2017

Dimilin was evaluated for control of adult rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Collectively levied plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RBD with 4 blocks and 5 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water seeded 29 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 138 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 8 Jun. Foliar applications of Dimilin 25 W were made at 0.25 or 0.125 lb (AI)/acre. Furadan 3 G was applied at RWW threshold (5 larvae/sample) at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker. Dimilin 25 W applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 16 psi with 80015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Rice water weevil eggs were counted from 5 randomly selected plants per plot beginning 2 d after flood then weekly until RWW threshold. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 26 Jun, 3 and 11 Jul using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35-mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by hand-harvesting one random 3-ft2 sample per plot on 19 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. RWW larval data were log transformed to improve normality. All data were subjected to ANOVA. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected least significant difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Water-Seeded, Pinpoint Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide and fertilizer. On 19 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Ordram 15 G at 27 lb/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were applied by hand and incorporated into dry League soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flooded. On 21 Apr, plots were hand-planted with sprouted seed at 120 lb dry seed/acre. Sprouted seed was prepared by soaking untreated seed for 24 h in water and then draining and drying for 24 h. On 25 Apr, plots were drained and 4 d later plots were reflooded. On 1 May, rice emerged through water. (On 5 May (4 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were sprayed with Karate at the rates shown in the table. At this time, adult RWW feeding scars were observed on rice foliage; indicating the presence of active adults in the plots. On 10 May (9 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 19 May (18 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were treated a second time with Karate at the rates shown in the table. Karate was applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2 to deliver 16 gpa. Final spray volume was 16.0 gp. On 22 May, 6 Jun, and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized by hand with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 203 lb/acre. On each of 27 May and 9 Jun (26 and 39 d after emergence of rice through water), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity, plots were harvested (16 Aug = 107 d after rice emergence through water) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin 2 L in a Drill-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture at Eagle Lake, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. , Vawter J.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAES Western Area Operations at Eagle Lake. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide and fertilizer. Plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) on 15 Apr at 80 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Nada. Plots were fertilized at planting with 45 lb nitrogen/acre, 38 lb phosphorus/acre, and 40 lb potassium/acre. Rice emerged through soil on 25 Apr. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 22 May (27 d after application of the permanent flood), plots were flushed irrigated (24 h temporary flood then drain) as needed. On 24 Apr, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 1 qt/acre, Bolero 8 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre. On 16 May, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 3 qt/acre. Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre, and Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 21 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre. On 24 May (2 d application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Dimilin 2 L at the rates shown in the table. On 2 Jun (lid after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Dimilin 2 L at the rates shown in the table. Sprays were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 5 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 13 Jun, plots were sprayed with Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 25 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the entire growing season was 155 lb/acre. On each of 12 Jun and 25 Jun (21 and 34 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 12 Jul, plots were sprayed with Sevin XLR Plus at 1 qt/acre to control rice stink bug. The middle 8 rows of each plot were harvested on 26 Aug (123 d from emergence of rice through soil). Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Compatibility of Exp 80698A 75 Fs and Common Rice Seed Treatments for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of fertilizer and insecticides. On 2 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and planted with 100 lb untreated or treated dry seed/acre. Seed treatments were provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Immediately after application of fertilizer and seed, plots were raked for incorporation into dry League soil and flushed (temporary flooding for 24-18 h followed by draining). Rice emerged through soil on 9 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 30 May (21 d after application of the permanent flood), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied with a 2 person, 20 ft spray boom pressurized with C03. On 16 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 lb nitrogen/acre. On each of 28 Jun and 11 Jul (28 and 14 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 193 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (6 Sep = 120 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using Vx + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of a Sharpshooter with Exp 80698A and Karate, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The greenhouse was maintained at 31° C, 70% relative humidity, and 12 h light:12 h dark. Each experimental unit was a pot (6 inch diam X 6 inch deep) filled with sifted League soil. On 30 Sep, selected pots were planted with 8 untreated or EXP 80698A 75 FS-treated seeds. Seeds were treated at the rates shown in the table using the “Le Sak” method developed by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. On the same day, selected pots were sprayed with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates shown in the table using a 4 nozzle (800067 tip size, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 9.0 gpa. On the same day, pots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Immediately following planting, and spraying, soil in each pot was “raked” with forceps to simulate incorporation. On 5 Oct, rice emerged through soil. On 21 Oct, selected pots were treated with Karate at the rate shown in the table using the same spray rig and final spray volume as before. Immediately after spraying Karate, a plastic cylinder was placed over 2 plants in each pot. Cylinders were 3 inch in diam so that the plant density within a cylinder was equal to a seeding rate of 90 lb/acre, given 100% emergence and survival of seeds. The cylinders were ventilated with screen windows and tops. After securing the cylinders, which served as cages, each was infested on 21 (Oct 17 d after emergence of rice through soil) with 5 adult sharpshooters. Insects were collected from untreated rice using a sweep net. Two d later, cages were inspected for live and dead sharpshooters. Data were expressed as % mortality which was transformed using arcsine. Transformed data were then analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and means separated by DMRT.
Control of Stink Bugs and Lepidopterans on Georgia Soybeans, 1997
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Bundy C. Scott , Wells M. Leonard , McPherson Robert M.
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of 5 selected insecticide treatments for control of velvetbean caterpillars, soybean loopers and stink bugs, was evaluated at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station’s Ponder Farm, Tifton, GA. The insecticides were foliar applied on 4 Jun on ‘DP105’ and ‘Boggs’ soybeans that were planted in early Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide X 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 1 border row on each side, arranged in a RCBD. There were 4 replications, 2 per variety. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 19.5 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT (days after treatment) by taking a 25-sweep sample (15 in diam net) from a single row, and comparing insect densities in the treated plots to those in untreated plots. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) at the initiation of the test. On the last sample date, only Boggs was sampled due to the late development (leaves yellowing/falling off) in DP105. All plots were harvested at maturity with a small plot combine. Yields were expressed in bushels per acre adjusted to 13% moisture. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Systemic Insecticides, 1997A
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E.
Published: December 2017

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of Orthene 75 SP, Orthene 97 PE, and Admire 2°F as transplant water treatments against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 6 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in RCB design with 4 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. On 6 May, the field was transplanted asing a 2-row transplanter. Transplant water treatments were applied at a rate of 170 gpa. Soil moisture was good. Once a week after transplant, all plants in one row of the plot (20) were rated for aphid abundance on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating \vas calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1997C
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E.
Published: December 2017

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of Orthene 75 SP, CGA-215944, and CGA-215944 with Silwet L-77 against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 7 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a RCB design with 5 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. Tobacco was transplanted on 7 May with a 2-row transplanter. On 2 Jul, the entire test was sprayed with foliar treatments. Foliar treatments were applied using a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer. Materials were applied through a single nozzle (Spraying Systems D2-33) per row at a pressure of 60 psi and 12.5 gpa. At 5, 12, and 21 days after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots were rated on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Imidacloprid (GAUCHO 480) as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat, 1997
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Tetrick K.
Published: December 2017

Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 10 Oct 1996, in a RCBD with 5 replicates per treatment at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 2 rates as a seed treatment insecticide at 0.5 and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. Lorsban 4 E SG was applied topically by sprayer at 26 d after emergence (DAE) on 7 Nov due to weather conditions prior to that date. An untreated check was established at planting.
Control of Black Cutworm and Sod Webworm After Timed Applications, 1997
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D.
Published: December 2017

The study was located on bent-grass ranges 5 and 6 south at the Ohio State Turfgrass Research and Education Center, Columbus, OH. Treatments were applied on 11 Sep, 26 Sep, and 2 Oct to plots 5 X 8 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.0 gal/1000ft2 and granular treatments were applied using a shaker jar. No immediate post-treatment irrigation was applied. The 100% creeping bentgrass range was moved at 0.5 inch, had no thatch and was irrigated daily with 0.25 inch of water. Efficacy data for SWW larvae were taken 8 Oct by flooding a 1.0-yd2 area using a soap solution consisting of 15 ml Joy dishwashing detergent in 2.0 gal water. On 9 Oct, a standard soil sampler was used to take 10 turf and soil cores from the remaining unflooded turf in each plot. Each core was placed in a vial and a single 2nd- or 3rd-BCW larva was placed on the turf. The capped vials were kept at room temperature until 14 Oct (5 d) when surviving larvae were counted.
Efficacy of Spinosad and Standards for Control of Small Black Cutworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , McClure K. , Niemczyk H. D.
Published: December 2017

The study was located on bentgrass range 1 north at the Ohio State Turfgrass Research and Education Center, Columbus, OH. Treatments were applied on 19 Aug to plots 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.0 gal/1000ft2. No immediate posttreatment irrigation was applied. The 100% creeping bentgrass range was mowed at 0.5 inch, had no thatch and was irrigated daily with 0.25 inch of water between (05:00 and 06:00). On 19 Aug, one 8-inch stainless steel cylinder was driven into the turf, about 2 hr after the last spraying to allow for complete drying of all treatments. Each cylinder was infested with eight 3rd- and 4th-instar BCW (0.375 to 0.5 inch) and covered with nylon screen. On 22 Aug (3 DAT) the covers were removed and each cylinder was flooded with a soapy water mix (15 ml Joy dishwashing detergent in 1.0 gal water) to flush out any live BCW.
Bait Applications for Control of Individual Mounds of The Red Imported fire Ant in Urban Land-Scapes, 1996
Authors: Reinert James A.
Published: December 2017

Granulated bait formulations of Amdro, Award, and (S)-Methoprene were applied to individual RIFA mounds on 28 Aug 1996 in Collin Co., TX. Applications were applied to each mound individually with a hand-held shaker to distribute the bait evenly over an area ca. 3 ft in diam with the mound in the center. Plot size ranged from 300-500 ft2, each with 3 to 5 (mean = 3.7) active colonies. Plots were delineated with white turf marking paint; each colony within a plot was identified by numbers painted on the turf ca. 1.5 ft from the mound. Pre-treatment foraging activity was assayed by placing 3, 8-dram shell vial traps, baited with hot dog chips, near the center of each plot and no closer than 3 ft from an active colony. Vials were collected with RIFA foragers counted after 30 min exposure. Plots were divided into 4 replicates based on pre-treatment foraging numbers. RIFA foraging activity was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 wk after treatment (WAT). Individual mound mortality was determined at 1, 3, 5, and 7 WAT by stomping hard (4-5 times) on the soil or turf in a 1-ft circle around each mound. Upon disturbance, an active mound would yield many active workers. For rating at 4 and 6 wk, a hot dog chip was dropped upon the mound and observed 20-30 min later. If the colony was active, workers would forage the hot dog piece within this time period.