bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonial Internationalism and the Governmentality of Empire, 1893–1982
Authors: Wagner Florian
Published: January 2022

In 1893, a group of colonial officials from thirteen countries abandoned their imperial rivalry and established the International Colonial Institute (ICI), which became the world's most important colonial think tank of the twentieth century. Through the lens of the ICI, Florian Wagner argues that this international cooperation reshaped colonialism as a transimperial and governmental policy. The book demonstrates that the ICI's strategy of using indigenous institutions and customary laws to encourage colonial development served to maintain colonial rule even beyond the official end of empires. By selectively choosing loyalists among the colonized to participate in the ICI, it increased their autonomy while equally delegitimizing more radical claims for independence. The book presents a detailed study of the ICI's creation, the transcolonial activities of its prominent members, its interactions with the League of Nations and fascist governments, and its role in laying the groundwork for the structural and discursive dependence of the Global South after 1945.
Saliva-Based, COVID-19 RT-PCR Pooled Screening Strategy to Keep Schools Open
Authors: Perea Sofia , Tretina Kyle , O’Donnell Kirk N. , Love Rebecca , Bethlendy Gabor , Wirtz Michael , Hidalgo Manuel
Published: January 2022

Background:

As of March 2020, governments throughout the world implemented business closures, work from home policies, and school closures due to exponential increase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, leaving only essential workers being able to work on site. For most of the children and adolescent school closures during the first lockdown had significant physical and psychosocial consequences. Here, we describe a comprehensive Return to School program based on a behavior safety protocol combined with the use of saliva-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) pooled screening technique to keep schools opened.

Methods:

The program had 2 phases: before school (safety and preparation protocols) and once at school (disease control program: saliva-based RT-PCR pooled screening protocol and contact tracing). Pooling: Aliquots of saliva from 24 individuals were pooled and 1 RT-PCR test was performed. If positive, the initial 24-pool was then retested (12 pools of 2). Individual RT-PCR tests from saliva samples from positive pools of 2 were performed to get an individual diagnosis.

Results:

From August 31 until December 20, 2020 (16-wk period) a total of 3 pools, and subsequent 3 individual diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease were reported (2 teachers and 1 staff).

Conclusion:

Until COVID-19 vaccine can be administered broadly to all-age children, saliva-based RT-PCR pooling testing is the missing piece we were searching for to keep schools opened.
Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Sites at Three Medical Centers in the United States: Strengths and Challenges Assessment to Inform COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Public Health Emergency Use
Authors: Lambrou Anastasia S. , Redd John T. , Stewart Miles A. , Rainwater-Lovett Kaitlin , Thornhill Jonathan K. , Hayes Lynn , Smith Gina , Thorp George M. , Tomaszewski Christian , Edward Adolphe , Elías Calles Natalia , Amox Mark , Merta Steven , Pfundt Tiffany , Callahan Victoria , Tewell Adam , Scharf-Bell Helga , Imbriale Samuel , Freeman Jeffrey D. , Anderson Michael , Kadlec Robert P.
Published: January 2022

Monoclonal antibody therapeutics to treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Many barriers exist when deploying a novel therapeutic during an ongoing pandemic, and it is critical to assess the needs of incorporating monoclonal antibody infusions into pandemic response activities. We examined the monoclonal antibody infusion site process during the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted a descriptive analysis using data from 3 sites at medical centers in the United States supported by the National Disaster Medical System. Monoclonal antibody implementation success factors included engagement with local medical providers, therapy batch preparation, placing the infusion center in proximity to emergency services, and creating procedures resilient to EUA changes. Infusion process challenges included confirming patient severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity, strained staff, scheduling, and pharmacy coordination. Infusion sites are effective when integrated into pre-existing pandemic response ecosystems and can be implemented with limited staff and physical resources.
Transforming the legal profession: an interview study of change managers in law
Authors: Rogers Justine , Bell Felicity
Published: January 2022

A lively debate progresses about change to the professions, including law, especially change in the form of managerialism. ‘Managerialism’ covers the methods and beliefs of managers within organisations, used to actively influence, evaluate, and ‘market’ professional work. But what about when that managerialism is change itself? How do we understand managerialism-as-change? This paper reports on an interview study with change managers, or ‘transformation leaders’ in the legal profession. Transformation leaders offer rich insights into the dynamics of professional change because they are incontrovertibly change agents. They are also themselves a form of managerial change as a new cadre of managers within the professions; managers with ‘hybrid’ identities whose legitimacy in professional settings is not assured. The findings presented include: the change leaders’ identities; the types of change being introduced; the constraints on and affordances for change in legal practices; and how change leaders secure, and sometimes struggle to secure, the authority needed to implement change. The concluding discussion highlights the study's contributions to our understanding of professional change and managerialism in the legal context – both what changes are being pursued and how they are materialising through certain ‘managerial’ goals, strategies, and the interactions of those with mixed identities and status.
Cambodia's orphan dance shows: From cultural salvation to child exploitation?
Authors: Carpenter Kathie
Published: January 2022

In Cambodia, orphan dance shows were once popular as a way to preserve endangered art forms and to cultivate children's dignity and well-being. But they came to be seen as exploitative instead, and today are nearly nonexistent. This article examines the confluence of changes that caused this reversal of opinion. The reversal is due to both covert factors such as changes in constructions of childhood, and overt factors such as changes in audience composition. The rise and fall of Cambodian orphan dance shows took place largely within foreign communities, with little local input.
A Study of One Local‐Scale Convective Precipitation Event Over Central Tibetan Plateau With Large Eddy Simulations
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Shi Yueqin , Gao Wenhua
Published: January 2022

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with Large Eddy Simulation was employed to investigate a local‐scale convective precipitation event at Naqu (altitude of 4.5 km) over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) on 24 July 2014. The WRF‐LES simulations with horizontal grid spacing of 200 m (CTRL) basically reproduced the rainfall pattern and evolution process compared to the observations. Five sensitivity experiments including removal the hills in east of Naqu (TER), decrease or increase of surface sensible heat flux (HFX0.67, HFX1.5), and surface latent heat flux (QFX0.67, QFX1.5) were implemented, respectively. Results show that the increase of surface heat flux and the eastern hills both enhanced the convection, which was triggered by the low‐level wind convergence. The QFX0.67 simulated the weakest precipitation among six runs, and the QFX1.5 simulated the earliest and strongest convection due to the enhanced atmospheric instability. It is found that the HFX0.67 caused the earlier convection initiation than CTRL and HFX1.5 owing to the lowest lifting condensation level and wettest low troposphere in it. Over the flat terrain in west of Naqu, weak convection was mostly affected by the surface heat flux. The product of 4.8 km wind convergence and difference between 7 km and 4.8 km equivalent potential temperature (>2 × 10−2 K/s) can partly indicate the development of low‐layer turbulence and the subsequent convection in free atmosphere. In addition, water vapor condensation (extending to 10 km) and raindrop evaporation (below 6 km) were two key phase‐change microphysical processes during the convective period even the quite low 0°C layer (∼6.5 km) over TP.
Explaining the Variability in High‐Frequency Nitrate Export Patterns Using Long‐Term Hydrological Event Classification
Authors: Winter C. , Tarasova L. , Lutz S. R. , Musolff A. , Kumar R. , Fleckenstein J. H.
Published: January 2022

Runoff events play an important role in nitrate export from catchments, but the variability of export patterns between events and catchments is high and the dominant drivers remain difficult to disentangle. Here, we rigorously asses if detailed knowledge on runoff event characteristics can help to explain this variability. To this end, we conducted a long‐term (1955–2018) event classification using hydro‐meteorological data, including rainfall characteristics, soil moisture and snowmelt, in six neighboring mesoscale catchments with contrasting land use. We related these event characteristics to nitrate export patterns from high‐frequency nitrate concentration monitoring (2013–2017) using concentration‐discharge (CQ) relationships. Our results show that low‐magnitude rainfall‐induced events with dry antecedent conditions exported lowest nitrate concentrations and loads but exhibited highly variable CQ relationships. We explain this by a low fraction of active flow paths, revealing the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate sources within the catchments and by an increased impact of biogeochemical retention processes. In contrast, high‐magnitude rainfall or snowmelt‐induced events exported highest nitrate concentrations and loads and converged to similar chemostatic export patterns across all catchments, without exhibiting source limitation. We explain these homogeneous export patterns by high catchment wetness that activated a high number of flow paths and by higher nitrate availability during high‐flow seasons. Long‐term hydro‐meteorological data indicated an increased number of events with dry antecedent conditions in summer and a decreased number of snow‐influenced events. These trends will likely continue and cause increased nitrate concentration variability during low‐flow seasons and changes in the timing of nitrate export peaks during high‐flow seasons.
Audit of donor centre: guidelines by the World Marrow Donor Association Quality and Regulation Working Group
Authors: Weber Maren , Sacchi Nicoletta , Haun Sherry , Tistl Ingrid , Thompson Stephanie , Sengomona Hirasine , Ahmed Salmah Mahmood , Kürsteiner Oliver , Schwarz Carolin , Wuchter Jennifer
Published: January 2022

According to the Standards of the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) 2020 [1] unrelated stem cell donor registries are responsible for compliance of their donor centres with these Standards. To ensure high stem cell product quality and high standards for safety and satisfaction of voluntary unrelated stem cell donors, we present here guidelines for audits of donor centres (DC) that can be used by new and established donor registries. They have been developed for registries relying on independent national or international DCs for the recruitment and management of Unrelated Donors (UD) for verification typing (VT)/extended tying (ET), work up processes and Hemopoietic Progenitor Cell (HPC) donation. The main goal of these guidelines is to support registries in verifying and auditing their affiliated DCs to ensure they are compliant with the WMDA Standards, as well as WMDA recommendations. We define the general requirements and recommendations for collaboration with the DC and guidelines to manage the UD, step by step from recruitment to follow-up. We also provide a checklist, intended to serve as a resource for auditors performing an audit at a DC.
ALKBH5-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of TRERNA1 promotes DLBCL proliferation via p21 downregulation
Authors: Song Wei , Fei Fei , Qiao Fengchang , Weng Zuyi , Yang Yuanxun , Cao Bei , Yue Jing , Xu Jiaxuan , Zheng Meihong , Li Juan
Published: January 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial functions in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancers. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism in various malignancies. Nevertheless, the mechanism of m6A-modified lncRNA in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has remained poorly defined. In the present study, we showed that lncRNA TRERNA1 was associated with the poor prognosis of DLBCL patients. TRERNA1 with internal m6A modification was highly correlated with the demethylase ALKBH5 expression. We further demonstrated that TRERNA1 was a potential downstream target of ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification by m6A-RNA sequencing and m6A-RIP assays. Decreased m6A methylation of TRERNA1 regulated by ALKBH5 was shown to regulate cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The results of mechanism analyses revealed that TRERNA1 recruited EZH2 to epigenetically silence the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21 by H3K27me3 modification of its promoter region. In addition, ALKBH5 further inhibited p21 expression. Taken together, our results elucidate the functional roles and epigenetic alterations of TRERNA1 through m6A modification in DLBCL. TRERNA1, the expression of which is upregulated by ALKBH5, acts as a scaffold that decreases p21 expression. The results of the present study provide novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL.
Lung emphysema and impaired macrophage elastase clearance in mucolipin 3 deficient mice
Authors: Spix Barbara , Butz Elisabeth S. , Chen Cheng-Chang , Rosato Anna Scotto , Tang Rachel , Jeridi Aicha , Kudrina Veronika , Plesch Eva , Wartenberg Philipp , Arlt Elisabeth , Briukhovetska Daria , Ansari Meshal , Günsel Gizem Günes , Conlon Thomas M. , Wyatt Amanda , Wetzel Sandra , Teupser Daniel , Holdt Lesca M. , Ectors Fabien , Boekhoff Ingrid , Boehm Ulrich , García-Añoveros Jaime , Saftig Paul , Giera Martin , Kobold Sebastian , Schiller Herbert B. , Zierler Susanna , Gudermann Thomas , Wahl-Schott Christian , Bracher Franz , Yildirim Ali Önder , Biel Martin , Grimm Christian
Published: January 2022

Lung emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Excess macrophage elastase MMP-12, which is predominantly secreted from alveolar macrophages, is known to mediate the development of lung injury and emphysema. Here, we discovered the endolysosomal cation channel mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) as a regulator of MMP-12 reuptake from broncho-alveolar fluid, driving in two independently generated Trpml3−/− mouse models enlarged lung injury, which is further exacerbated after elastase or tobacco smoke treatment. Mechanistically, using a Trpml3IRES-Cre/eR26-τGFP reporter mouse model, transcriptomics, and endolysosomal patch-clamp experiments, we show that in the lung TRPML3 is almost exclusively expressed in alveolar macrophages, where its loss leads to defects in early endosomal trafficking and endocytosis of MMP-12. Our findings suggest that TRPML3 represents a key regulator of MMP-12 clearance by alveolar macrophages and may serve as therapeutic target for emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Extendable stapling of unprotected peptides by crosslinking two amines with o-phthalaldehyde
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Lan , Chen Xiangxiang , Chu Xin , Tang Hong , Zhang Jie , He Gang , Li Li , Chen Gong
Published: January 2022

Peptide modification methods that do not rely on the cysteine residue are underdeveloped, and their development could greatly expand the current toolbox for peptide chemistry. During the course of preliminary investigations into the classical ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-amine-thiol condensation reaction, we found that in the absence of thiol, OPA readily condenses with two primary alkyl amines to form a class of underexplored isoindolin-1-imine compounds under mild aqueous conditions. From the intramolecular version of this OPA-2amines reaction, an efficient and selective methodology using mild reaction conditions has been developed for stapling unprotected peptides via crosslinking of two amino groups in both an end-to-side and side-to-side fashion. The stapling method is superfast and broadly applicable for various peptide substrates with the reacting amino groups separated by a wide range of different amino acid units. The macrocyclization reactions of selected substrates are completed within 10 seconds at 5 mM concentration and within 2 minutes at 50 μM concentration. Importantly, the resulting cyclized peptides with an isoindolinimine linkage can be extended in a one-pot sequential addition manner with several different electron-deficient π electrophiles, thereby generating more complex structures.
Unconventional mechanism and selectivity of the Pd-catalyzed C–H bond lactonization in aromatic carboxylic acid
Authors: Xu Li-Ping , Qian Shaoqun , Zhuang Zhe , Yu Jin-Quan , Musaev Djamaladdin G.
Published: January 2022

The search for more effective and highly selective C–H bond oxidation of accessible hydrocarbons and biomolecules is a greatly attractive research mission. The elucidating of mechanism and controlling factors will, undoubtedly, help to broaden scope of these synthetic protocols, and enable discovery of more efficient, environmentally benign, and highly practical new C–H oxidation reactions. Here, we reveal the stepwise intramolecular SN2 nucleophilic substitution mechanism with the rate-limiting C–O bond formation step for the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H lactonization in aromatic 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. We show that for this reaction, the direct C–O reductive elimination from both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) (oxidized by O2 oxidant) intermediates is unfavorable. Critical factors controlling the outcome of this reaction are the presence of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and K+–O(carboxylic) interactions. The controlling factors of the benzylic vs ortho site-selectivity of this reaction are the: (a) difference in the strains of the generated lactone rings; (b) difference in the strengths of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and η2-(π-phenyl)–Pd interactions, and (c) more pronounced electrostatic interaction between the nucleophilic oxygen and K+ cation in the ortho-C–H activation transition state. The presented data indicate the utmost importance of base, substrate, and ligand in the selective C(sp3)–H bond lactonization in the presence of C(sp2)–H.
Design high-entropy carbide ceramics from machine learning
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Biao , Xiong Yaoxu , Ma Shihua , Wang Zhe , Wu Zhenggang , Zhao Shijun
Published: January 2022

High-entropy ceramics (HECs) have shown great application potential under demanding conditions, such as high stresses and temperatures. However, the immense phase space poses great challenges for the rational design of new high-performance HECs. In this work, we develop machine-learning (ML) models to discover high-entropy ceramic carbides (HECCs). Built upon attributes of HECCs and their constituent precursors, our ML models demonstrate a high prediction accuracy (0.982). Using the well-trained ML models, we evaluate the single-phase probability of 90 HECCs that are not experimentally reported so far. Several of these predictions are validated by our experiments. We further establish the phase diagrams for non-equiatomic HECCs spanning the whole composition space by which the single-phase regime can be easily identified. Our ML models can predict both equiatomic and non-equiatomic HECs based solely on the chemical descriptors of constituent transition-metal-carbide precursors, which paves the way for the high-throughput design of HECCs with superior properties.
A machine learning analysis of the relationship of demographics and social gathering attendance from 41 countries during pandemic
Authors: Szaszi Barnabas , Hajdu Nandor , Szecsi Peter , Tipton Elizabeth , Aczel Balazs
Published: January 2022

Knowing who to target with certain messages is the prerequisite of efficient public health campaigns during pandemics. Using the COVID-19 pandemic situation, we explored which facets of the society—defined by age, gender, income, and education levels—are the most likely to visit social gatherings and aggravate the spread of a disease. Analyzing the reported behavior of 87,169 individuals from 41 countries, we found that in the majority of the countries, the proportion of social gathering-goers was higher in male than female, younger than older, lower-educated than higher educated, and low-income than high-income subgroups of the populations. However, the data showed noteworthy heterogeneity between the countries warranting against generalizing from one country to another. The analysis also revealed that relative to other demographic factors, income was the strongest predictor of avoidance of social gatherings followed by age, education, and gender. Although the observed strength of these associations was relatively small, we argue that incorporating demographic-based segmentation into public health campaigns can increase the efficiency of campaigns with an important caveat: the exploration of these associations needs to be done on a country level before using the information to target populations in behavior change interventions.
A countrywide analysis of 27 solar power plants installed at different climates
Authors: Ozden Talat
Published: January 2022

The world is still heavily using nonconventional energy sources, which are worryingly based on carbon. The step is now alternative energy sources hoping that they will be more environmentally friendly. One of the important energy conversion forms by using these sources is photovoltaic solar systems. These type of power plants is on the increase in everyday on the world. Before investment a solar power plant in a specified region, a techno-economic analyse is performed for that power plant by using several meteorological data like solar irradiance and ambient temperature. However, this analyses generally lacks evaluation on effects of climatic and geographical conditions. In this work, 5 years of data of 27 grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are investigated, which are installed on seven different climate types in Turkey. Firstly, the power plants are categorized considering the tilt angles and Köppen–Gieger climate classification. The performance evaluations of the plants are mainly conducted using monthly average efficiencies and specific yields. The monthly average efficiencies, which were classified using the tilts and climate types were from 12 to 17%, from 12 to 16% and from 13 to 15% for tilts 30°/10°, 25° and 20°, respectively. The variation in the specific yields decrease with elevation as y(x) =  − 0.068x + 1707.29 (kWh/kWp). As the performances of photovoltaic systems for some locations within the Csb climatic regions may relatively lower than some other regions with same climate type. Thus, techno-economic performance for PVPP located in this climate classification should be carefully treated.
Use of the proteomic tool MALDI-TOF MS in termite identification
Authors: Hasnaoui Bouthaina , Diarra Adama Zan , Berenger Jean-Michel , Medkour Hacène , Benakhla Ahmed , Mediannikov Oleg , Parola Philippe
Published: January 2022

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proved effective for the identification of many arthropods. A total of 432 termite specimens were collected in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Senegal, Switzerland and France. Morphologically, 22 species were identified, including Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Amitermes evuncifer, Cryptotermes brevis, Cubitermes orthognathus, Kalotermes flavicollis, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes ivorensis, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Microcerotermes parvus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes latericius, Procubitermes sjostedti, Promirotermes holmgreni, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Trinervitermes geminatus, Trinervitermes occidentalis, Trinervitermes togoensis, Trinervitermes sp., Trinervitermes trinervoides and Trinervitermes trinervius. Analysis of MALDI-TOF MS spectra profiles from termites revealed that all were of high quality, with intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity. Blind testing of the spectra of 389 termites against our updated database with the spectra of 43 specimens of different termite species revealed that all were correctly identified with log score values (LSVs) ranging from 1.65 to 2.851, mean 2.290 ± 0.225, median 2.299, and 98.4% (383) had LSVs > 1.8. This study is the first on the use of MALDI-TOF for termite identification and shows its importance as a tool for arthropod taxonomy and reinforces the idea that MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool in the field of entomology.
A study of acoustic characteristics of voluntary expiratory sounds produced before and immediately after swallowing
Authors: Hattori Shoma , Nozue Shinji , Ihara Yoshiaki , Takahashi Koji
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the expiratory sounds produced during swallowing recorded simultaneously with videofluorographic examination of swallowing (VF) using fast Fourier transform (FFT), and to examine the relationship between dysphagia and its acoustic characteristics. A total of 348 samples of expiratory sounds were collected from 61 patients with dysphagia whose expiratory sounds were recorded during VF. The VF results were evaluated by one dentist and categorized into three groups: safe group (SG), penetration group (PG), and aspiration group (AG). The duration and maximum amplitude of expiratory sounds produced were measured as the domain characteristics on the time waveform of these sounds and compared among the groups. Time window-length appropriate for FFT and acoustic discriminate values (AD values) of SG, PG, and AG were also investigated. The groups were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffé's multiple comparison method. The maximum amplitude of SG was significantly smaller than those of PG and AG. The mean duration in SG (2.05 s) was significantly longer than those in PG (0.84 s) and AG (0.96 s). The AD value in SG was significantly lower than those in PG and AG. AD value detects penetration or aspiration, and can be useful in screening for dysphagia.
Serious role of non-quarantined COVID-19 patients for random walk simulations
Authors: Nakagiri Nariyuki , Sato Kazunori , Sakisaka Yukio , Tainaka Kei-ichi
Published: January 2022

The infectious disease (COVID-19) causes serious damages and outbreaks. A large number of infected people have been reported in the world. However, such a number only represents those who have been tested; e.g. PCR test. We focus on the infected individuals who are not checked by inspections. The susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model is modified: infected people are divided into quarantined (Q) and non-quarantined (N) agents. Since N-agents behave like uninfected people, they can move around in a stochastic simulation. Both theory of well-mixed population and simulation of random-walk reveal that the total population size of Q-agents decrease in spite of increasing the number of tests. Such a paradox appears, when the ratio of Q exceeds a critical value. Random-walk simulations indicate that the infection hardly spreads, if the movement of all people is prohibited ("lockdown"). In this case the infected people are clustered and locally distributed within narrow spots. The similar result can be obtained, even when only non-infected people move around. However, when both N-agents and uninfected people move around, the infection spreads everywhere. Hence, it may be important to promote the inspections even for asymptomatic people, because most of N-agents are mild or asymptomatic.
Effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological and chemical parameters of chilled turkey
Authors: Bliznyuk Ulyana , Avdyukhina Valentina , Borshchegovskaya Polina , Bolotnik Timofey , Ipatova Victoria , Nikitina Zoya , Nikitchenko Alexander , Rodin Igor , Studenikin Felix , Chernyaev Alexander , Yurov Dmitry
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this work was to compare the effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological content and volatile organic compounds in chilled turkey meat. Dose ranges which significantly suppress the pathogenic microflora while maintaining the organoleptic properties of the turkey meat are different for electron and X-ray irradiation. According to the study it is recommended to treat chilled turkey using X-ray irradiation with the dose ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 kGy, while in electron irradiation permissible doses should be within 0.25–1 kGy. Three main groups of volatile compounds: alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes—were found in irradiated and non-irradiated samples of turkey meat. It was found that the total amount of aldehydes, which are responsible for the formation of a specific odor of irradiated meat products, increases exponentially with the increase in the absorbed dose for both types of irradiation. It was established that acetone can be used as a potential marker of the fact of exposure of low-fat meat products to ionizing radiation.
Feasibility study of immersive virtual prism adaptation therapy with depth-sensing camera using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in healthy adults
Authors: Cho Sungmin , Chang Won Kee , Park Jihong , Lee Seung Hyun , Lee Jongseung , Han Cheol E. , Paik Nam-Jong , Kim Won-Seok
Published: January 2022

Prism Adaptation (PA) is used to alleviate spatial neglect. We combined immersive virtual reality with a depth-sensing camera to develop virtual prism adaptation therapy (VPAT), which block external visual cues and easily quantify and monitor errors than conventional PA. We conducted a feasibility study to investigate whether VPAT can induce behavioral adaptations by measuring after-effect and identifying which cortical areas were most significantly activated during VPAT using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fourteen healthy subjects participated in this study. The experiment consisted of four sequential phases (pre-VPAT, VPAT-10°, VPAT-20°, and post-VPAT). To compare the most significantly activated cortical areas during pointing in different phases against pointing during the pre-VPAT phase, we analyzed changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration using fNIRS during pointing. The pointing errors of the virtual hand deviated to the right-side during early pointing blocks in the VPAT-10° and VPAT-20° phases. There was a left-side deviation of the real hand to the target in the post-VPAT phase, demonstrating after-effect. The most significantly activated channels during pointing tasks were located in the right hemisphere, and possible corresponding cortical areas included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontal eye field. In conclusion, VPAT may induce behavioral adaptation with modulation of the dorsal attentional network.
Pain control according to the periprostatic nerve block site in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal targeted prostate biopsy
Authors: Yoo Jeong Woo , Koo Kyo Chul , Chung Byung Ha , Lee Kwang Suk
Published: January 2022

We analyzed the intensity of pain at each site of systemic prostate biopsy (SBx) and compared the intensity of pain among magnetic resonance (MRI)-targeted transrectal biopsies according to the periprostatic nerve block (PNB) site. We collected data from 229 consecutive patients who had undergone MRI-targeted biopsy. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the site of PNB (base versus base and apex PNB). Pain was quantified at the following time points: probe insertion, injection at the prostate base, injection at the prostate apex, MRI cognitive biopsy (CBx), MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy (FBx), SBx, and 15 min after biopsy. For all biopsy methods, the average pain were significantly higher in the base PNB group than in the base and apex PNB group (CBx, p < 0.001; FBx, p = 0.015; SBx, p < 0.001). In the base and apex PNB group, FBx was significantly more painful than SBx (p = 0.024). Overall, regardless of the PNB site, pain at the anterior sites was more than that at the posterior sites in FBx (p = 0.039). Base and apex PNB provided better overall pain control than base-only PNB in all biopsy methods. In the base and apex PNB group, FBx was more painful than CBx and SBx.
Pigmentary abnormality without significant drusen as a risk factor for late age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Lee Junwon , Kang Hyun Goo , Kim Hae Rang , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Kim Min , Kim Sung Soo , Byeon Suk Ho
Published: January 2022

We investigated the incidence and risk factors of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the fellow eye (FE) without significant drusen of patients with unilateral exudative macular neovascularization (MNV). In this retrospective study, 241 eligible patients who were followed-up for more than 3 years were enrolled. We analyzed the incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of late AMD in the FE according to demographic and ophthalmologic variables. Hypopigmentation on color fundus photography (CFP) corresponds to shallow irregular RPE elevation (SIRE), so-called “double-layer sign” and/or “attenuation or disruption of RPE and/or ellipsoid zone” on OCT. The 5-year incidence of FE exudative MNV conversion was 8.6%. The 5-year incidence of FE exudative MNV of large hypopigmentation (≥ 0.5 disc area; DA) and small hypopigmentation (< 0.5 DA) on CFP, and SIRE (≥ 1000 µm) and small RPE elevation (< 1000 µm) on OCT were 36.2%, 14.2%, 55.0%, and 15.6%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed that large hypopigmentation, small hypopigmentation, SIRE, and small RPE elevation showed HRs of 23.230, 8.037, 132.589, and 41.823 for FE exudative MNV occurrence, respectively. Hypopigmentation on CFP and SIRE on OCT could represent the same lesion. Even small hypopigmentation and small RPE elevation were significant risk factors for progression to exudative MNV.
Enhanced production of pinosylvin stilbene with aging of Pinus strobus callus and nematicidal activity of callus extracts against pinewood nematodes
Authors: Koo Hyo Bin , Hwang Hwan-Su , Han Jung Yeon , Cheong Eun Ju , Kwon Yong-Soo , Choi Yong Eui
Published: January 2022

Pinosylvin stilbenes are phenolic compounds mainly occurring in the Pinaceae family. We previously reported that the accumulation of two pinosylvin stilbene compounds, dihydropinosylvin methyl ether (DPME) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PME), in Pinus strobus trees was highly enhanced by infection with pine wood nematodes (PWNs: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), and these two compounds showed strong nematicidal activity against PWNs. In this work, we established a system of pinosylvin stilbene (DPME and PME) production via the in vitro culture of P. strobus calli, and we examined the nematicidal activity of callus extracts. Calli were induced from the culture of mature zygotic embryos of P. strobus. Optimized growth of calli was obtained in 1/2 Litvay medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. DPME and PME accumulation did not occur in nonaged (one-month-old) calli but increased greatly with prolonged callus culture. The concentrations of DPME and PME in three-month-old dark-brown calli were 6.4 mg/g DW and 0.28 mg/g DW, respectively. The effect of methyl jasmonate treatment on the accumulation of DPME and PME was evaluated in cell suspension culture of P. strobus. However, the treatment appeared to show slight increase of DPME accumulation compared to callus browning. A test solution prepared from crude ethanol extracts from aged calli (three months old) containing 120 µg/ml DPME and 5.16 µg/ml PME treated with PWNs resulted in 100% immobilization of the adult PWNs and 66.7% immobilization of the juvenile PWNs within 24 h. However, nonaged callus extracts did not show any nematicidal activity against juvenile PWNs and showed less than 20% nematicidal activity against adult PWNs. These results indicate that pinosylvin stilbenes can be effectively produced by prolonged culture of P. strobus calli, can be isolated using simple ethanolic extraction, and are applicable as beneficial eco-friendly compounds with nematicidal activity against PWNs.
Author Correction: Effects of process factors on performances of liquid membrane-based transfer of indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: Diaconu Ioana , Pârvulescu Oana Cristina , Topală Sorina Laura , Dobre Tănase
Published: January 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Design of an in vitro multienzyme cascade system for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide
Authors: Zhou Cailian , Feng Jiao , Wang Jing , Hao Ning , Wang Xin , Chen Kequan
Published: January 2022

Design the adenosine phosphate hydrolysis (APH) pathway multienzyme cascade system for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in vitro.
An S-scheme heterojunction constructed from α-Fe2O3 and In-doped carbon nitride for high-efficiency CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Wu Jiaming , Li Keyan , Li Jiahui , Du Jun , Li Xiangyang , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen
Published: January 2022

An S-scheme heterojunction is constructed with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and In–CN nanosheets as a highly efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
Caterpillar-like Ag–ZnO–C hollow nanocomposites for efficient solar photocatalytic degradation and disinfection
Authors: Liu Ying , Wan Yucai , Kong Chuncai , Cheng Pan , Cheng Qin , Liu Qiongzhen , Liu Ke , Xia Ming , Guo Qihao , Wang Dong
Published: January 2022

The ameliorated solar photocatalytic performance is a combined result of Ag-NPs and caterpillar-like Zn–C hierarchical nanoarchitectures derived from MOF micro- and nanorods.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension development induced by fructose consumption
Authors: Xu Chuanming , Yu Jun
Published: January 2022

A high-fructose is correlated with salt-sensitive hypertension and programmed hypertension in adult offspring. The mechanisms include activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, gut dysbiosis, and dysregulation of T-lymphocytes,etc.
Synthetic and biosynthetic methods for selective cyclisations of 4,5-epoxy alcohols to tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Bowen James I. , Wang Luoyi , Crump Matthew P. , Willis Christine L.
Published: January 2022

In this review, methods for the selective intramolecular epoxide ring opening (IERO) of 4,5-epoxy-alcohols are discussed as well as biosynthetic pathways to tetrahydropyran-containing natural products which utilise IERO reactions.
Boron-doping-induced defect engineering enables high performance of a graphene cathode for aluminum batteries
Authors: Du Yiqun , Zhang Boya , Kang Rongkai , Zhou Wei , Zhang Wenyang , Jin Huixin , Wan Jiaqi , Zhang Jianxin , Chen Guowen
Published: January 2022

Defect engineering using boron doping endows aluminum–graphene batteries with high capacity and outstanding long-term stability of more than 10 000 cycles.
Sharing the salt bowl: counterion identity drives N-alkyl resorcinarene affinity for pyrophosphate in water
Authors: Twum Kwaku , Iraj Sadraei Seyed , Feder Jordan , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Rissanen Kari , Trant John F. , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah
Published: January 2022

The binding affinity for pyrophosphate (PPi) in aqueous media by N-alkyl ammonium resorcinarene salts can be enhanced via using weakly coordinating counter anions and modifying the upper rims of the receptors and the lower rim hydroxyl groups.
Facile synthesis of photoactivatable adenosine analogs
Authors: White Dawanna S. , Mongeluzi Daniel , Curry Alyson M. , Donu Dickson , Cen Yana
Published: January 2022

Photoactivatable adenosine analog-enabled capture and enrichment of adenosine binding protein (ABP).
On crystallization of water confined in liposomes and cryoprotective action of DMSO
Authors: Klbik Ivan , Čechová Katarína , Maťko Igor , Lakota Ján , Šauša Ondrej
Published: January 2022

Ice-free phase formed by DMSO acting as a protective layer of lipid membrane.
Correction: Dimers of pyrrolo-annelated indenofluorene-extended tetrathiafulvalenes – large multiredox systems
Authors: Broløs Line , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Dimers of pyrrolo-annelated indenofluorene-extended tetrathiafulvalenes – large multiredox systems’ by Line Broløs et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 15030–15033, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA02787A.
Insights into cascade and sequential one-pot pathways for reductive amination of aldehydes paired with bio-derived levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrrolidones using molecular hydrogen
Authors: Gokhale Tejas A. , Raut Amol B. , Chawla Sheetal K. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: January 2022

Exploration of cascade and sequential one-pot pathways of surrogate-free reductive amination to produce N-substituted pyrrolidones from aldehydes & levulinic acid.
A BINOL-phosphoric acid and metalloporphyrin derived chiral covalent organic framework for enantioselective α-benzylation of aldehydes
Authors: Ma Hui-Chao , Sun Ya-Nan , Chen Gong-Jun , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: January 2022

We report a new synthetic approach for the intermolecular α-alkylation of aldehydes with alkyl halides based on a BINOL-phosphate and Cu(ii)-porphyrin derived multifunctional CCOF catalyst via visible-light induced photothermal conversion.
The complex interplay between autophagy and cell death pathways
Authors: Ploumi Christina , Papandreou Margarita-Elena , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: January 2022

Autophagy is a universal cellular homeostatic process, required for the clearance of dysfunctional macromolecules or organelles. This self-digestion mechanism modulates cell survival, either directly by targeting cell death players, or indirectly by maintaining cellular balance and bioenergetics. Nevertheless, under acute or accumulated stress, autophagy can also contribute to promote different modes of cell death, either through highly regulated signalling events, or in a more uncontrolled inflammatory manner. Conversely, apoptotic or necroptotic factors have also been implicated in the regulation of autophagy, while specific factors regulate both processes. Here, we survey both earlier and recent findings, highlighting the intricate interaction of autophagic and cell death pathways. We, Furthermore, discuss paradigms, where this cross-talk is disrupted, in the context of disease.
Sustainable feed resources for optimizing broiler performance in tropical countries
Authors: Samsudin Anjas Asmara , Kamalludin Mamat Hamidi , Alimon Abdul Razak
Published: January 2022

Soybean meal and grain corn are feedstuffs that normally used as the main ingredients in poultry feeds as a source of protein and energy in tropical countries. The availability of these feedstuffs for broiler nutrition nowadays is becoming more competitive. Thus, food security, especially in the developing countries, would be susceptible. Currently, efforts are being made to use alternative feedstuffs as a sustainable feed resources to substitute portion of soybean meal and grain corn in poultry diets due to their high price since both of the raw material were imported. In Malaysia, usage of PKC is common in ruminant diets, but limited in the non-ruminant diets especially in poultry diets due to the high fiber content of PKC. Several works have been conducted to increase the nutritional contents of PKC as one of the measures to reduce and/or eliminate the constraints of utilizing PKC in poultry diets. The method used to achieve this target is either through physical, chemical, biological or combination of these treatments. This paper discusses the use of PKC as the sustainable feed resources that can be incorporated in the poultry feeds. Hence, emphasis should be given to improve nutritional values of PKC in order to reduce feeding cost of poultry.
Analysis of vitamin C in probiotic yoghurt with the addition of podang urang mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Afiyah Dyah Nurul , Arief Irma Isnafia , Suryati Tuti , Sarbini Riska Nurtantyo
Published: January 2022

Yoghurt is a functional drink that is beneficial to health. However, nutritional losses, e.g. vitamin C, occurs during the thermal process. Therefore, vitamin C supplementation is needed to replace the lost amount during processing by adding the extract of podang urang mango (Mangifera indica L.). The yoghurt was made by adding 3% (v/v) of starter culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus RRAM-01 and Streptococcus salivarus subsp thermophillus RRAM-01) and mango extract at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% (v/v) in four replications. The determination of vitamin C content was performed using titration method. The results showed that heating process at 85-90 °C in 35 minutes lowered the amount of vitamin C in the final product. However, the addition of podang urang mango extract at 6%, 8% and 10% could increase the amount of vitamin C.
Using fuzzy time series with and without markov chain: to forecast of edible bird nest exported from Indonesia
Authors: Sjofjan Osfar , Adli Danung Nur
Published: January 2022

Edible bird nest (EBN) were traditional medicine consumed by the Tiongkok. This study compared two-algorithm method. Fuzzy time series and Markov chain as forecast method the number of bird nest exported from Indonesia. The secondary data between 2012 and 2018 were from Bureau Central Statistic (BPS). The scope using in this study were bird nest between 2012 until 2018, with a unit of volume kilograms (Kg). Used secondary export data, collected from BPS of Indonesia. Data were analysed using Fuzzy Time Series with and without Markov Chain using R Studio. The result showed that Fuzzy Time Series with and without Markov Chain method performs better in the forecasting ability in short-term period prediction and the values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) tends to be smaller than the Fuzzy Time Series without Markov Chain. It can be concluded the number of exported can be used Fuzzy time series.
Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium in different diets on performance of IPB D-2 chicken during developer-layer period
Authors: Saragih Beby Murba Ningsih , Sumiati Sumiati , Mutia Rita
Published: January 2022

Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium improved the productivity of livestock. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on different diets of IPB D-2 chickens during 15-21 weeks. Completely randomized factorial 2 x 2 (factor A was diet type and factor B was vitamin E supplementation) and five replications was used in this experiment. The variables observed were performance, blood profile, organ immunity and percentage of carcass weight. The results showed that diet type had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on feed consumption in the developer and layer periods and had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on feed consumption in the pre-layer period and body weight gain in the layer period. Vitamin E and selenium supplementation had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on pre-layer feed consumption. The blood profile was in normal range with optimal stress levels. There was significantly interaction (P < 0.05) between diet type and vitamin E supplementation on carcass percentage and highly significantly interaction (P < 0.01) on layer feed conversion. Parameters of immune organ and egg production were not affected by treatment. The diet type was reduced by 5% from the standard with supplementation vitamin E dan selenium showed the best result for IPB D-2 chicken performance.