bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Krishna’s Crucial Role in the Mahabharata: A Divine Catalyst
Authors: N. R. Gopal
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the dominant role Shri Krishna played in the epic Mahabharata, shedding light on his divine incarnation, teachings, and influence. Being a manifestation of divinity himself, Shri Krishna served as a central figure within the Mahabharata narrative— guiding the Pandavas and imparting timeless wisdom through his discourse, the Bhagavad Gita. This exposition immerses itself in exploring the many dimensions that compose the character portrayal of Shri Krishna. Through a thorough examination of his inherent traits, varied involvements, and extraordinary divine playings, this work seeks to shed light on what makes him a captivating figure. It particularly emphasizes his strategic acumen, which enabled him to navigate complexities threading throughout Mahabharata’s storyline, ensuring righteous support offered towards Pandava’s camp and thereby fostering Dharma’s preservation. Lessons surrounding responsibilities, ethics, and virtuousness sent forth from verses contained within the Bhagavad Gita continue inspiring generations. Shri Krishna’s relationships, mainly his bond with Arjuna and the devotion of Radha, exemplify the intense connections he forms with individuals. The paper also explores the legacy and impact of Shri Krishna, emphasizing his influence on Indian philosophy and spirituality. His teachings continue to inspire millions, promoting universal love, harmony, and selfless service. The enduring worship of Shri Krishna reflects the timeless appeal and significance of his character in contemporary times.
Spiritual Idealism in the Works of Emerson: An Indian Approach
Authors: Dr. Gunjan Saxena
Published: December 2023

Ralph Waldo Emerson, an American author, endeavoured to establish new dimension of ideology by balancing the scientific materialism and conventional interpretation and beliefs in religious realm. In fact, his literary creation reveals his faith and inclination towards the ideology of spirit rather than to peep into the religious orthodoxy. He along with William James motivated New Thought Churches in America and dedicated himself in enhancing and extending the effect of the spiritual movements of the 1950’s and 60’s. He continued to illustrate the depth of spirituality through his speeches, poems and essays. For him, there is an occult relation between man and the universe around him and in the wide expanse of nature, he could feel a liberation from the tyranny of things. A minute analysis of his works clarifies his penchant to stimulate the new generation to know about their own entity as well as, the adjacency of ultimate truth, and the realization of supremacy in natural phenomena. The present paper aims to present the compendious conceptions of Emerson about spirituality intermingled with idealism through the microscopic lens of Indian philosophy. This approach will highlight the need to have enough acumen and intrinsic potential to discover a new intellectual path in the realm of spiritual idealistic studies.
Common Readers and the Singularity of Literature: A View on Derek Attridge’s Analysis of the Process of Reading
Authors: Satyam Kumar
Published: December 2023

Reading is a complex process. It mostly aims at getting at the most accurate meaning of a text, but it is not always easy. Because what is the accurate meaning is something very tough to decide. A text has various qualities which nearly all need to be analysed to come closer to a complete meaning. It needs expertise and attention while reading any text. On the other hand, the process of reading itself has various aspects to look at. For example, a reader always has more than one perspective available to analyse and interpret a text. And it is necessary that a text is read and analysed using these different perspectives, so that the meaning one gets after such a reading is not narrow or obscure. Specially the reading of a literary text needs some extra attention. Here, the language is mostly minutely used, and there are qualities which are different and mostly superior to other common texts. At the same time, sometimes, the kind of meaning which is produced also depends on the reader. A common reader without expertise may come up with some simple meaning. But, at the same time, a scholarly reader may come up with some complex meaning of the same text. Thus, there is always a possibility that the same text may have different meanings by different authors. The present paper focuses on the common readers’ reading of the texts and the different kinds and stages of reading as put forth by Derek Attridge in his works The Work of Literature and The Singularity of Literature, respectively. Common readers read the texts differently from the way the scholarly readers read them. Then, how far is it possible and necessary to take all readers as just readers and make some general comments on the reading process as a whole? It is a fact that based on the cultural and educational backgrounds, different people respond to the same text differently, and their respective responses should be respected as they all are readers, after all, who have the freedom to comment and interpret. The present paper tries to analyse this inclusivity in Attridge’s arguments as far as the process of reading is concerned.
Unveiling Gender Stereotypes: A Feminist Reading of the Film Bhumika
Authors: Sweta Kumari  , Prof. (Dr.) Neeraj Kumar
Published: December 2023

The present research paper is a feminist exploration of the critically acclaimed Hindi film, Bhumika (1977), set against the backdrop of Indian film industry, directed by Shyam Benegal, starring Smita Patil, Amol Palekar, Anant Nag, Naseeruddin Shah and Amrish Puri. The purpose of this study is to unveil gender stereotypes through the film narrative Bhumika from the feminist perspective. Besides, it delves mainly into the life and struggle of the female protagonist and a celebrated actress, Usha, who searches for her identity in a patriarchal realm. Hence, in the film Bhumika, Usha’s journey projects societal confinement and oppression as her image is an embodiment of her struggles against gender roles, showcasing how women were often silenced and how they were limited to their choices. Though, her narrative reflects the need for women’s empowerment in such a male chauvinistic world. With an application of feminist theories, the paper unearths how the film Bhumika is evident for both to reflect and to challenge the existing traditional gender norms in Indian Society. Apart from these, it examines Usha’s journey in terms of power and sexuality, highlighting her multifaceted role as a lens to investigate broader social causes. Thus, the findings of the study help for a better understanding of the intersection of cinema, gender, and society across the world highlighting the role of cinema as a medium for feminist discourse and social critique.
The Journey of the Dalit Refugees in Bengal: A Comparative Study of Allen Ginsberg and Jatin Bala’s Poetry
Authors: Dr. Md Humayun Sk
Published: December 2023

Dalit literature seeks to present the struggles and experiences of the oppressed. Bengali Dalit literature has become a powerful tool for social and political action. It provides counter-narratives that talk about their experiences and realities. Bangla Dalit literature depicts the lives of refugees with sensitivity and empathy, emphasizing the struggles and resilience of those displaced from their homes and communities due to political, social and economic factors. The term “refugee” refers to a person who has been forced to flee their country of origin. A large part of the population had to leave their homes and migrate from East Bengal to West Bengal as part of the Partition of Bengal, mainly due to the communal tension. However, most of the refugees who migrated to West Bengal during the Bangladesh Liberation Movement in 1971 were mainly Dalits or other marginalized communities who faced discrimination and oppression in their homeland. Jatin Bala, one of the eminent Dalit writers and one of the refugees, himself reflected the pain and suffering of these Bengali Dalit refugees, on the other hand, Allen Ginsberg, the famous American writer Ginsburg, who visited Bangladesh amid the conflict, he also paints a sad picture of the loss of these Bengali refuges in his long poem “September On Jossor Road”. This study aims to carry out a comparative study of the representations of the two authors about these refugees.
The Poetry of Syed Ameeruddin: A Thematic Appraisal
Authors: Suresh Pande
Published: December 2023

Syed Ameeruddin, born on 5th December 1942 at Guntakal-A.P. (India) took his agonal last breath on November 28, 2020 in Chennai of Tamil Nadu. As a poet, critic, New College Professor and Founder of the International Poet’s Academy he earned a distinguished place among Indian English Writers of today by dint of his unfailing hard work, compositions and oeuvres. His magnum opus— Visions of Deliverance with epical grandeur explores the infinite reality in its multifarious existential dimensions ranging from mundane and temporal to the mesmerizing eternal lands of everlasting beauty signifying what in Indian lexicon is termed as Sat-Cit-Ananda— Existence, Consciousness and Bliss. The book has 30 lively poems bright like gems beaded in a string. All the poems move in a perpetual movement to create emotion, feelings of auspicious joy as at the birth of a biological being and his/her upbringing. His humanitarian concerns, philosophical backdrops, metaphysical preoccupations together solve/ resolve the chaotic realities and sparkles of life with illuminating zest and determination in a diction which applies simplicity, directness, lucidity and a lilting mode. Accordingly, he emerges as a poet with multiple hues magical and vibrant embracing verbal ecstasy, visual beauty and imagistic delicacy. Imagery and symbolism that are richly present in abundance in Ameeruddin’s poetry which has been discussed in this paper at length with appropriate citations from the text. What is more enticing to his poetry is the discovery of hitherto unfathomed secret spheres of darkness pertaining to culture, heritage and civilization. As an entertainer in poetry, he attempts to explore broader ranges of human thoughts, lived experiences, mundane, cosmic and apocalyptic visions to entertain; simultaneously to transport his discerning readers into the world of his noble creation. The subjective elements delicately connect to the events/activities of his own times. As a master craftman the poet brilliantly illustrates in his long poem the subjective imagery of his Grandson which brings to fore surrealistic and long-winded phrases. A study of all salient features such as—the artistic representation of the theme, musical texture, use of native tongue, poetic mission, prophetic utterances and lyrical grandeur has tersely been done to focus on Ameeruddin’s life and the whole gamut of his literary output with particular reference to Visions of Deliverance.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MENGENAI MATERI KELANGKAAN EKONOMI MELALUI METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) KELAS X-IIS SMA NEGERI 17 HALMAHERA SELATAN
Authors: Redjeb Bahrudin Hi , Lempas Jetty D. , Rumbayan Linda
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL). Sampel penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di Kelas X IIS SMA Negeri 17 Halmahera Selatan tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas individu. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dibagi menjadi dua sesi, masing-masing sesi terdiri dari dua pertemuan dengan empat fase. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil tes pada Siklus 1 dan Siklus 2 dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X-IIS di SMA Negeri 17 Halmahera Selatan pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelangkaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perubahan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada aspek emosional terjadi peningkatan sebesar 7,99%, dan pada aspek psikomotorik terjadi peningkatan sebesar 14,51%. Pada aspek kognitif sebesar 12,30%.

Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, hasil belajar

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research aims to identify changes in student learning outcomes using the problem-based learning (PBL) model. The sample for this research is classroom action research carried out in Class X IIS of SMA Negeri 17 South Halmahera in the 2021/2022 academic year. This research was conducted in individual classes. This classroom action research was divided into two sessions, each session consisting of two meetings with four phases. Data was collected using the observation method. Data analysis was carried out by comparing test results in Cycle 1 and Cycle 2 using descriptive techniques. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method can improve the learning outcomes of class X-IIS students at SMA Negeri 17 South Halmahera on the subject of scarcity economics. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are changes in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In the emotional aspect there was an increase of 7.99%, and in the psychomotor aspect there was an increase of 14.51%. In the cognitive aspect it is 12.30%.

Keywords: problem-based learning model, learning outcomes
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BASED PROJECT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUK KREATIF DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN MATERI MERENCANAKAN PRODUK USAHA DI SMK NEGERI 2 SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Lakatoni Batseba , Rooroh Agnes , Elean Julius
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya pembelajaran kewirausahaan dan bagaimana meningkatkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa   pada jenjang studi pendidikan SMK. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana cara meningkatan hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa dengan model pembelajaran berbasis project di SMK N 2 Seram Bagian Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), dengan menggunakan empat langkah yaitu: 1) perencanaan (plan), 2) tindakan (act) 3).pengamatan (observe), 4) refleksi (reflect). Empat tahapan tersebut dilakukan dengan dua siklus penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian selama dua siklus menunjukan, adanya peningkatan hasil belajar kewirausahaan dalam mebuat Merencanakan Produk Usahadan menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan kepada 20 siswa. Hasil analisis data selama siklus I dan II dapat disimpulkan: (1) siklus pertama jumlah siswa yang mempunyai kreatifitas berdasarkan observasi 70% yaitu sebanyak 14 siswa dan pada (2) siklus ke dua meningkat menjadi 90% yaitu sebanyak 18 siswa. Hasil belajar dari tes kewirausahaan siswa (1) siklus pertama jumlah siswa yang menjawab benar 70% yaitu sebanyak 14 siswa dan pada siklus ke dua (2) meningkat menjadi 95% yaitu sebanyak 19 siswa.

Kata Kunci:  Hasil belajar, model pembelajaran berbasis project,Kewirausahaan

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research is motivated by the importance of entrepreneurial learning and how to improve students' entrepreneurial learning outcomes at the vocational school education level. Based on this, the aim of this research is how to improve student entrepreneurship learning outcomes with a project-based learning model at SMK N 2 Seram Barat. The method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK), using four steps, namely: 1) planning (plan), 2) action (act) 3).observation (observe), 4) reflection (reflect). These four stages were carried out in two research cycles. Based on the results of research over two cycles, it shows that there is an increase in entrepreneurship learning outcomes in planning business products and solving questions given to 20 students. The results of data analysis during cycles I and II can be concluded: (1) in the first cycle the number of students who had creativity based on observations was 70%, namely 14 students and in (2) the second cycle increased to 90%, namely 18 students. Learning results from the student entrepreneurship test (1) in the first cycle, the number of students who answered correctly was 70%, namely 14 students and in the second cycle (2) it increased to 95%, namely 19 students.

Keywords: Learning outcomes, project-based learning model, Entrepreneurship
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Ely Abdul Karim , Laloan Cheris , Watania Dolly
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Pesatnya perkembangan lingkungan lokal, regional, dan internasional saat ini berimplikasi terhadap pengelolaan penyelenggaraan pendidikan pada setiap jenjang pendidikan yang ada. Untuk mengimbangi perkembangan tersebut perlu dilakukan peningkatan mutu pendidikan yang dapat dilakukan melalui inovasi-inovasi pendidikan. Inovasi pendidikan merupakan upaya dasar dalam memperbaiki aspek-aspek pendidikan dalam praktiknya. Inovasi pendidikan dapat dilakukan dari berbagai komponen, salah satunya melalui komponen sistem pembelajaran. Inovasi ini dapat kita lakukan melalui penelitian tindakan kelas. Melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) masalah-masalah pendidikan dan pembelajaran dapat dikaji, ditingkatkan dan dituntaskan, sehingga proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang inovatif dan hasil belajar yang lebih baik, dapat diwujudkan secara sistematis

Kata kunci: Inovasi Pendidikan, Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas

 

 

ABSTRACT

The rapid development of the local, regional and international environment currently has implications for the management of education at every level of education. To keep pace with these developments, it is necessary to improve the quality of education which can be done through educational innovations. Educational innovation is a basic effort to improve aspects of education in practice. Educational innovation can be carried out from various components, one of which is through the learning system component. We can do this innovation through classroom action research. Through Classroom Action Research (CAR), education and learning problems can be studied, improved and resolved, so that innovative education and learning processes and better learning outcomes can be realized systematically.

Keywords: Educational Innovation, Improving Learning Quality, Classroom Action Research
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS MATERI EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL DI KELAS IX SMPN 1 WADAGA
Authors: Rosmawati Rosmawati , Wuisang Jerry , Mamanua Steven
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas IX 1 SMPN 1 Wadaga  tahun ajaran 2023/2024 melalui pembelajaran model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tertulis, angket, dan observasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini berpedoman pada analisis Statistik Deskriptif dengan Persentase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik dari siklus I ke siklus II. Peningkatan prestasi belajar juga ditandai dengan bertambahnya peserta didik yang nilainya mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal secara keseluruhan. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model problem based learning dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa  pada mata pelajaran IPS materi perdagangan Internasional  kelas IX 1 SMP Negeri 1 Wadaga tahun ajaran 2023/2024.

Kata Kunci: problem based learning, motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar.

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to increase the motivation and learning achievement of class IX 1 students at SMPN 1 Wadaga for the 2023/2024 academic year through the Problem Based Learning model. This research is classroom action research (PTK) which was carried out in two cycles. Data collection techniques were carried out using written tests, questionnaires and observations. Data analysis in this research is guided by Descriptive Statistics analysis with Percentages. The results of this research indicate an increase in students' learning motivation from cycle I to cycle II. The increase in learning achievement is also marked by the increase in students whose scores reach the minimum overall completeness criteria. So it can be concluded that the application of the problem based learning model can increase student motivation and learning achievement in the social studies subject International trade material for class IX 1 of SMP Negeri 1 Wadaga for the 2023/2024 academic year.

Keywords: problem based learning, learning motivation, learning achievement.
Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan Bunga Kamboja melalui Penyuluhan dan Pemberian Pupuk Cair Ampas Tebu pada Kelompok Ibu-Ibu PKK RT 23 di Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Kota Jambi
Authors: Nasution Hasriati , Saad Asmadi , Yusfaneti
Published: December 2023

Bunga kamboja, dengan keindahan dan keharumannya, sering dijumpai di berbagai tempat di Indonesia, mulai dari taman, pekarangan rumah, taman perkantoran, hingga taman jalan. Namun, batang pohon kamboja menghasilkan getah putih yang dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit. Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan keindahan bunga kamboja, perlu memenuhi unsur hara tanaman, dan salah satu solusinya adalah menggunakan ampas tebu sebagai pupuk organik. Ampas tebu kaya akan karbohidrat, karbon, protein, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi, dan natrium. Selain itu, ampas tebu mengandung lignoselulosa yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan biomassa. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair ampas tebu dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman, terutama pada fase vegetatif hingga generatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan ibu-ibu PKK RT 23 Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Kota Jambi, dalam menanam bunga kamboja dengan memberikan penyuluhan mengenai pembuatan dan penggunaan pupuk organik cair ampas tebu. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu memberikan materi pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari sabut kelapa dan demonstrasi penggunaannya dalam menanam bunga kamboja menggunakan pot. Tim pengabdian menyediakan bibit stek bunga bungenvil, polybag, ampas tebu, peralatan, ember bertutup, media tanah, dan air untuk kelancaran pelaksanaan. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dari ibu-ibu PKK RT 23 Kelurahan Pasir Putih. Diharapkan dengan peningkatan pengetahuan ini, mereka dapat membuat pupuk organik cair dari ampas tebu sesuai dosis untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan keindahan bunga kamboja.
Factor Affecting Behavioral Intentions Towards Private Brand
Authors: Anum
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the purchase intention towards private brands in Karachi.

Methodology:

This study is quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used as a research tool to gather data and SPSS is used for data analysis. The sampling technique that was used for this research was non-probability convenience sampling. Research primary data was gathered by adopting a survey method in the form of a questionnaire that was designed using Google Docs. It was then used to administer 400 respondents. The survey consisted of 31 structured questions that were based on 5 points Likert scale.

Findings:

Results suggest that perceived price, quality, and packaging are fundamental factors that influence the purchase intention of purchasers for private brands in Pakistan. 

Conclusion:

The study concludes that storekeepers in Pakistan should concentrate on delivering excellent store brands at fair prices in order to increase their profits from private brands. Store owners can also formulate methodologies based on this research in order to make their current private brands successful.
E-Commerce: The Mantra of Urban Centers
Authors: Syed Muhammad Fahim  , Masood  , AsadUllah  , Dr. Abdul Rasheed  , Muhammad Hafeez  , Dr. Nawaz iqbal
Published: December 2023

The research done in this paper is done to analyze the effects of different variables on Customer’s loyalty in the e-commerce business. As the act of shopping is digitalized and more and more stores shift their business towards online shopping, the e-commerce industry thrives.  The intricacies of the business in the e-commerce sector depend on a plethora of variables, and we have analyzed the effects of some on each other. Much of the business in the ecommerce sector depends on the actions and preferences of the customer. That being said, the following encircles a customer’s satisfaction as the main factor, across which multiple hypothesis are made and later on proved as well using different software and research techniques. Other factors are e-commerce security and expectations. There are a number of limitations in this research that leaves some grey area for it to be explored further. These limitations are defined at the end of the research and all the enhancements are proposed as well.
Financial Literacy and Demographic Factors in Karachi City of Pakistan
Authors: Samra Suhail  , Dr. Abdur Rahman Aleem  , Masood  , Dr. Imam Uddin  , Muhammad AsadUllah
Published: December 2023

Considering the vigorously dynamic fluctuations in the monetary condition, particularly in financial/budgetary markets, it is urged to improve speculators’ money managing knowledge. Financial proficiency involves making well aware and efficient financial choices. The present examination explores the socio-economic factors defining Pakistani investors’ financial literacy and effects of financial literacy on stock market investment decision. A (questionnaire) survey was developed based on 3 sections: The primary section included the measuring of demographic characteristics of respondents, the secondary was based on measuring financial literacy of respondents, whereas the last section was dedicated to measuring stock market investment decision of respondents.

Purpose – The motivation behind this study is to evaluate the ﬁnancial proficiency of individual speculators/investors of the Karachi city of Pakistan who put resources into the Pakistan stock exchange, local ﬁnancial market in Karachi. Likewise, it inspects the connection between ﬁnancial education and the participation of the socio-economic-demographic components which influence the investment choice.

Design/methodology/approach – we articulated a modiﬁed questionnaire for our investigation, separated into three sections. The ﬁrst part of which was dedicated to statistics of demographic factors. The subsequent part highlights factors influencing the speculation choice of the Pakistani speculators. The last section is committed to ﬁnancial literacy utilizing examination-type, true and false, questions and incorporates 10 questions. Convenient sample of 231 of Pakistani national financial specialists/investors is utilized for this purpose.

Findings – The outcomes show that the ﬁnancial literacy of Pakistani speculators’ is relatively higher than the average expected level. The ﬁnancial education seen to be influenced by salary, sex, and employment status and work place activity. ﬁnancial education exists paying little heed to the age of the respondents. We observed a “signiﬁcant difference in the level of ﬁnancial literacy between groups of respondents as per their sexual orientation. More speciﬁcally, females have a lower level of ﬁnancial education than males. At last, the outcomes show that there is a signiﬁcant relationship between ﬁnancial literacy and investment decision. Results likewise show that respondents with higher financial literacy have higher stock holding as compared with those with low financial literacy.”

Originality/value – The present examination is viewed as significant and unique being one amongst the very few conducted in Pakistan's situation and Pakistani context. As far as we possibly know, no such examinations have been led with respect to estimating ﬁnancial literacy in Pakistan or the connection between ﬁnancial literacy level and the variables that inﬂuence the investment choices.
Emprego da perspectiva multinível para análise de políticas públicas urbanas vinculadas à transições sociotécnicas – Estudo de caso sobre a implantação do Centro de Comando e Controle de uma Cidade Metropolitana
Authors: Kleiman Mauro , Da Silva Alexander Batista
Published: December 2023

O artigo avaliou a viabilidade do emprego da perspectiva multinível (MLP) para análise de políticas públicas locais vinculadas a transições sociotécnicas, com o objetivode apresentar adaptações ao método com vistas ao uso em contextos regionais e diferentes dos de seu desenvolvimento. Foi utilizado o Centro de Comando e Controle Urbano (CC²U) de Duque de Caxias na RMRJ como objeto empírico, num estudo de caso que cobriu o período entre 2013 a 2023, tendo passado por diferentes momentos de transição envolvendo actantes, fatos e processos relacionados ao sistema sociotécnico conformado em torno do CC²U. Os resultados apontaram a viabilidade do emprego da MLP para apresentar os diferentes momentos de transição dentro de um mesmo framework analítico, bem como sua aplicação num particular contexto  e condição conjuntural do sul global, evidenciando que seu uso enquanto abordagem teórico-metodológica de médio alcance precisa ser aprofundado com vistas a estabelecer graus de correlações dos aparatos tecnológicos e da paisagem sociotécnica, influenciada pelos aspectos políticos relacionados a adoção da políticapública.
Generation and Retention of Defective RNA3 from Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Relevance of the 2b Protein to Generation of the Subviral RNA
Authors: Ota Emi , Masuta Chikara , Takeshita Minoru
Published: December 2023

A defective RNA3 (D3Yα) of strain Y of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) was examined on host-specific maintenance, experimental conditions, and a viral factor required for its generation in plants. D3Yα was stably maintained in cucumber but not in tomato plants for 28 days post inoculation (dpi). D3Yα was generated in Nicotiana tabacum or N. benthamiana after prolonged infection in the second and the third passages, but not in plants of N. benthamiana grown at low temperature at 28 dpi or infected with CMV-Y mutant that had the 2b gene deleted. Collectively, we suggest that generation and retention of D3Yα depends on potential host plants and experimental conditions, and that the 2b protein has a role for facilitation of generation of D3Yα.
The Relationship between the Sugar Preference of Bacterial Pathogens and Virulence on Plants
Authors: Yakubu Ismaila , Kong Hyun Gi
Published: December 2023

Plant pathogenic bacteria colonize plant surfaces and inner tissues to acquire essential nutrients. Nonstructural sugars hold paramount significance among these nutrients, as they serve as pivotal carbon sources for bacterial sustenance. They obtain sugar from their host by diverting nonstructural carbohydrates en route to the sink or enzymatic breakdown of structural carbohydrates within plant tissues. Despite the prevalence of research in this domain, the area of sugar selectivity and preferences exhibited by plant pathogenic bacteria remains inadequately explored. Within this expository framework, our present review endeavors to elucidate the intricate variations characterizing the distribution of simple sugars within diverse plant tissues, thus influencing the virulence dynamics of plant pathogenic bacteria. Subsequently, we illustrate the apparent significance of comprehending the bacterial preference for specific sugars and sugar alcohols, postulating this insight as a promising avenue to deepen our comprehension of bacterial pathogenicity. This enriched understanding, in turn, stands to catalyze the development of more efficacious strategies for the mitigation of plant diseases instigated by bacterial pathogens.
Revitalizing thalidomide: Advancements in drug design and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Yu Boxiong
Published: December 2023

Thalidomide, a drug initially introduced in the late 1950s, stands as a poignant reminder of the complexities of drug discovery. Initially hailed for its sedative properties, its widespread use led to a tragic medical disaster, with thousands of infants born with severe congenital malformations. This catastrophe prompted global reforms in drug testing and approval processes. However, the story of thalidomide took a turn as subsequent research unveiled its potential therapeutic applications, particularly its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This article delves into thalidomides transformative journey, from its tragic beginnings to its cautious reintroduction in medical therapeutics. The narrative underscores the balance between innovation, risk, and ethical responsibility in medicine. Furthermore, the article explores five cutting-edge technologies reshaping thalidomides therapeutic potential: molecular modifications and analogues, nanoparticle-based delivery systems, prodrug strategies, gene therapy integration, and enhanced formulations. Each technology offers unique avenues to enhance thalidomides efficacy, safety, and applicability. The advancements collectively signify the evolving landscape of pharmaceutical design, emphasizing the potential of tailored treatments that prioritize patient well-being. In conclusion, thalidomides journey from tragedy to therapeutic innovation serves as a testament to the resilience of medical science, highlighting the importance of continuous learning, adaptation, and responsible innovation in the realm of drug discovery.
High-throughput screening technologies for drug discovery
Authors: Wang Maosheng
Published: December 2023

The development of high-throughput screening technologies has revolutionized the field of drug discovery by significantly improving the efficiency of compound library screening. Traditional screening methods, such as manual screening and biochemical assays, were time-consuming and limited in their ability to identify lead compounds. However, the advent of high-throughput screening technologies has overcome these limitations and provided researchers with a more efficient and effective approach. This review begins by examining the background, characteristics, and limitations of conventional screening methods. These methods often required large amounts of time, resources, and labor, making them impractical for large-scale compound screening. In recent years, some new technologies have emerged, including virtual screening, image analysis, prediction methods, and microarray-based screening. Each of these approaches has its own strengths and limitations, but collectively they have greatly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of compound identification. These viewpoints highlight the successful application of these technologies in identifying lead compounds for various therapeutic targets. Finally, the review envisions the future development of high-throughput screening technologies. It emphasizes the need for continuous optimization and innovation to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of compound identification. The ultimate goal is to shorten drug development timelines and provide high-quality lead compounds for the benefit of patients. In conclusion, the emergence of high-throughput screening technologies has significantly improved the efficiency of compound library screening and provided better lead compounds for drug discovery. Ongoing advancements in these technologies hold great promise for the future of pharmaceutical research and development.
The impact of antibiotics on the environment and human body
Authors: Guo Yaolai
Published: December 2023

Antibiotics, as a typical new pollutant in environmental media, have important implications for the treatment of water sources, soil, livestock, and humans. This article summarizes the effects of antibiotics on sewage, water sources, soil, water circulation, and plankton in the water, as well as the underlying reasons, by analyzing and summarizing other papers. It also provides analysis and solutions for antibiotics. Not only that, this article also reviews the reasons for the excessive use of antibiotics in clinical treatment and the impact of antibiotic resistance on clinical treatment. It also reviews the emergence and treatment of antibiotic resistance in the human body. Through the above plan, this article summarizes the impact of antibiotics on the environment and the human body.
The extracellular matrix in peritoneal metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Yangsong
Published: December 2023

The peritoneum is a relatively common site for the metastasis of cancers that develop near the peritoneal cavity, such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), ovarian cancer, and low-grade appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma (LAMN). Peritoneal metastasis (PM) results from direct implantation and growth or microvascular metastasis of cancer cells to the peritoneum and is often associated with a poor prognosis. The biological features of peritoneal metastatic tumours are significantly altered, and the tumour microenvironment (TME) is profoundly abnormal. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a highly dynamic part of the TME, exhibits unique biological properties and influences tumour cells (TCs) behaviour and invasion. In this review, I focus on the hallmarks of cancer; the biology of CRC, PM from CRC, LAMN and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP, resulting from the intraperitoneal spread of LAMN); and the structural features of the cancer ECM and mucus and their roles in tumour growth, TCs invasion and drug resistance. The study of the ECM has led to a deeper understanding of peritoneal metastatic tumours and provides new insights for developing new biomarkers and targeted drugs.
The top 100 most cited articles on magnesium alloy orthopedic implants: A bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Bao Tong , Wang Jinyi , Chen Yang , Xu Feng , Qiao Guanzhong , Li Fei
Published: December 2023

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are considered as promising bone implant materials due to their natural degradability, good biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties. Therefore, magnesium alloys have received considerable attention in the field of orthopedic implants due to their superior comprehensive properties. In this study, we analyzed the basic information of the top 100 most frequently cited articles on mg alloy orthopedic implants that met the inclusion criteria in the WoS Core Collection database, and the VosViewer software was used for web visualization and keyword analysis. Through bibliometric and visual analysis, this article systematically introduces the research status of magnesium alloy orthopedic implants, discusses the advantages of magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic implants, and explores four strategies to improve corrosion performance, including purification, alloying treatment, surface coating and Mg-based metal matrix composites (MMC). In addition, this paper revealed the future research focus in this field.
Investigation of the mechanism of huangqi and danggui decoction in treating non-small-cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology
Authors: Chang Xinyu , Zhang Xinyun , She Zijian
Published: December 2023

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases, which is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. While therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy and targeted drugs have shown efficacy, resistance remains a major obstacle. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a multi-target approach that may help overcome resistance. This study analyzed the active ingredients of Huangqi and Danggui decoction (HQDGD), a classic TCM formula, and their effects on NSCLC using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Active compounds were identified from TCM databases and linked to gene targets using prediction tools and were compared to NSCLC-related genes to find shared targets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were used to find HQDGDs pharmacology and experiments on lung cancer A549 cells validated that key HQDGD compounds curcumin, quercetin and -angelicalactone inhibited proliferation and migration, suppressed JAK2/STAT3 activation, and downregulated downstream HIF1A and VEGF. The multi-target actions of HQDGD may overcome resistance in NSCLC. Our integrated computational and experimental approach elucidated the compound-target-pathway mechanisms of a TCM formula against NSCLC, supporting future drug development and research.
Antitumor TCM combined with nano drug delivery system
Authors: Xian Hongyu
Published: December 2023

Up to now, cancer still is a main reason causing people death in global. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy, an emerging therapy, can treat tumor by using herbs which have less side effects and multiple targeting, and has exhibited promising antitumor potential. But tumors are led by many factors that need to treat by combined drugs and the bioavailability of TCM is low, hence a new treatment approach that the drugs combined TCM with TCM or Western medicine, are delivered by nano drug delivery system. This article reviews the TCM combined treatments and the nano drug delivery systems are analyzed and summarized.
A study of the synthetic route and resistance of gilteritinib
Authors: Huang R. J. , Jiang Z. Y. , Lin K.
Published: December 2023

Gilteritinib is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations. As it is a new drug, there are still many aspects that need improvement. This article will be written according to the following three points: Analysis of its mechanism of action with the receptor; Analysis of the three main synthetic routes of gilteritinib and reasonable suggestions are given; Causes and solutions to the emergence of drug resistance. The following 4 points have been found that:(1) FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation and FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation, leukemic cells' ability to proliferate, differentiate, and survive aberrant changes due to both kinds of mutations. (2) Gilteritinib combines with FLT3's ATP pocket, and the compound shaped from FLT3 to gilteritinib was synthesized by the juxtamembrane (JM) domain. (3) Synthesis route 3 in this paper is most suitable for industrial mass production. (4) Resistance to gilteritinib is divided into primary resistance and secondary resistance, research in the future should focus on finding new therapeutic targets.
Application of sunitinib in cancer treatment and analysis of its synthetic route
Authors: Zhang Yiqian
Published: December 2023

Sunitinib, also known as the free base of sunitinib malate, is an innovative oral agent used in the treatment of tumors. It functions by inhibiting various members of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which possess a split kinase structural domain. These members include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1, 2, and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) and , stem cell factor receptors, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, and BCR/ABL fusion genes. This paper briefly introduces the research background, pharmacological activity and toxicity of sunitinib, sorting out the incidence and pathogenesis of the diseases it is targeted to treat, and its regulatory mechanism in treating the diseases, etc., summarising several synthetic routes of sunitinib researched by the previous researchers, and at the same time analysing and evaluating the synthetic routes and suggesting the synthetic routes, summing up and proposing the outlook of its subsequent research contents and directions, providing references and help to the research on sunitinib afterward.
Epidemiology of knee Osteoarthritis in the young adults
Authors: Li Kaitao
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has been seen to grow due to the rising proportions of both the aging population and individuals affected by obesity, in comparison to previous decades. The disease is expected to result in a global rise in the disability population and escalated healthcare expenditures. Although the prevalence of KOA is predominantly associated with the elderly population, it is imperative to acknowledge that individuals under the age of 45 may also be susceptible to having this disorder. Recently, an estimated significant increase in the prevalence of KOA among younger age groups has been observed. This can have significant consequences for these young patients, including loss of employment, diminished quality of life, increased medical expenses, and melancholy. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of epidemiological research pertaining to KOA among individuals below the age of 45. Therefore, based on the data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, this paper analyses the incidence and prevalence of KOA among young and middle-aged adults (below 45 years of age). Additionally, it will present a concise summary of the risk factors associated with KOA and outline preventive measures. Young women, obese individuals, and those with a prior knee injury history have a higher chance of acquiring KOA. The education of patients is critical in the prevention of KOA.
Application of deep learning in medical imaging segmentation
Authors: Huang Keke
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for segmentation of lesions in medical images necessitates research on automatic segmentation. Manual segmentation is inefficient due to training time and energy constraints. Deep learning-based image segmentation technology can improve efficiency and aid in diagnosing conditions. This technology provides accurate and detailed data support for clinical medicine, making it a crucial field in medical image processing. This essay introduces image segmentation and its classification, and explains the differences between two segmentation methods, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation and their respective application fields. Additionally, it introduces several well-known deep neural networks for segmenting medical images using deep learning. Regarding the models, this article introduces the structure and characteristics of each model as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. This essay also introduces examples of deep learning using different deep neural network models to segment specific medical images, including image segmentation based on FCN for the heart and U-Net for the kidneys.
Outcomes of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing for Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Landau Andrew J. , Oladeji Afolayan K. , Cummings Jason L. , Goldstein Rachel , Lin Adrian , Hosseinzadeh Pooya
Published: December 2023

Background:

This retrospective study aimed to assess radiographic and clinical outcomes, characterize demographic, injury, and fracture characteristics, and elucidate the rate of postoperative complications and associated factors in a large cohort of children treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail for diaphyseal tibial fractures at two large pediatric referral centers.

Methods:

Medical records were reviewed for demographic clinical and radiographic parameters at injury, surgery, and all subsequent clinical visits until radiographic healing was observed and/or for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 146 patients (79.5% male) were included. The mean (SD) age was 11.8 (63.0) years. Radiographic union occurred by 3 months in 56.6% of patients. Nine patients had delayed union, and four had nonunion. By 3 months postoperatively, 97.2% of patients had progressed to full weight bearing and 92.5% had full range of motion of the knee and ankle. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with open fractures were found to be more than eight times at increased risk of developing delayed union (.6 months, odds ratio = 8.71).

Conclusion:

Elastic stable intramedullary nail remains a safe and effective treatment of open and closed pediatric diaphyseal tibial fractures. A small yet notable risk of residual angular deformity, delayed union, and nonunion remains, although rates may be better than previously reported.