bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Conceptual Impact of Scientific Knowledge on Policy: The Role of Policymaking Conditions
Authors: Edler Jakob , Karaulova Maria , Barker Katharine
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a framework to understand the impact of scientific knowledge on the policy-making process, focusing on the conceptual impact. We note the continuing dissatisfaction with the quality and effects of science-policy interactions in both theory and practice. We critique the current literature’s emphasis on the efforts of scientists to generate policy impact, because it neglects the role of ‘user’ policymaking organisations. The framework offered in the paper develops an argument about the essential role of institutional conditions of policy ‘users’ for scientific knowledge to achieve impact. The framework is informed by the reflexive institutionalist and the neo-institutionalist theoretical approaches. Its main contribution is in outlining the intra- and inter-organisational conditions of policymaking organisations, along with personal characteristics of individual policy officials that influence the likelihood of scientific knowledge to generate conceptual impact. We also offer an operationalisation of the framework. The wider relevance of the paper is in moving the focus from the activities of scientists and the incentive structure in scientific organisations to the policy user side.
Volume change response and fabric evolution of granular MX80 bentonite along different hydro-mechanical stress paths
Authors: Ferrari Alessio , Bosch Jose A. , Baryla Patrycja , Rosone Marco
Published: February 2022

Despite the increasing understanding of bentonite behaviour, there is still missing evidence on how different hydro-mechanical loadings, including sequences of hydration and compression, affect the fabric and the volume change behaviour of the material. It is generally assumed that the interplay between the behaviour of clay assemblages and the overall fabric of the material is the reason of having final states that are dependent on the stress path followed. Here the results of an experimental campaign aiming to study these factors are reported and discussed. Free swelling and swelling pressure tests were performed, both followed by compression to a relatively high stress. The experimental program involved various samples that were dismantled at intermediate states in order to perform microstructural observations by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and electronic scanning microscopy. It was observed that while the void ratio at a given stress level depends on the stress path, subsequent compression led to a unique virgin compression line. The data obtained at the microscale gave further insight for an interpretation of the volume change behaviour observed at the macroscale, showing that at high stress the material tends to recover the same fabric regardless of the path to saturation.
Learning in a Pandemic: Primary School children’s Emotional Engagement with Remote Schooling during the spring 2020 Covid-19 Lockdown in Ireland
Authors: Chzhen Yekaterina , Symonds Jennifer , Devine Dympna , Mikolai Júlia , Harkness Susan , Sloan Seaneen , Martinez Sainz Gabriela
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the greatest disruption to children’s schooling in generations. This study analyses primary school children’s emotional engagement with remote schooling during the Spring 2020 lockdown in the Republic of Ireland, which involved one of the longest school closures among rich countries at the time. It investigates whether children’s engagement with their remote schooling varied by personal and family characteristics, using data from the Children’s School Lives (CSL) surveys. CSL is a nationally representative study of primary schools in Ireland, which collected information from children aged 8–9 years in May – August 2019 and in May – July 2020. Linear regression estimates with school fixed effects are based on the analytic sample of nearly 400 children (from across 71 schools) who took part in both waves and have complete data on all the key variables. Emotional engagement with schooling is measured using child-reported items on satisfaction with schooling. Everything else being equal, children who reported higher engagement with schooling before the pandemic were more engaged with remote schooling during the lockdown. Although there were no significant differences by family affluence, children with greater resources for home schooling reported higher levels of engagement. This includes having a computer or a laptop for schoolwork, having someone to help with schoolwork if the child is worried about falling behind, and having schoolwork checked by a teacher. This points to the paramount importance of adequate digital technologies in the home as well as the availability of help during periods of remote schooling.
Crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) abundance estimation using Bayesian methods: first data from a highly agricultural environment in central Italy
Authors: Franchini Marcello , Viviano Andrea , Frangini Lorenzo , Filacorda Stefano , Mori Emiliano
Published: February 2022

Wildlife abundance estimation is one of the key components in conservation biology. Bayesian frameworks are widely used to adjust the potential biases derived by data collected in the field, as they can increase the precision of model parameter as a consequence of the combination of previous pieces of knowledge (priors) combined with data collected in the field to produce an a-posteriori distribution. Capture-recapture is one of the most common techniques used to assess animal abundance. However, the implementation with camera traps requires that animals present unique phenotypic traits for individual-based recognition. The crested porcupine Hystrix cristata is a semi-fossorial rodent with a continuous, but patchily distribution across Italy. Despite the species does not present evident individual-specific phenotypic traits, the information gathered using presence-only data obtained from camera traps, opportunistic observations, and road-killing events could be used to provide a rough estimate of the species abundance within an area. The main purpose of the present research was hence to provide the first preliminary estimate of the abundance of the crested porcupine in central Italy using presence-only data obtained from the above different monitoring methods. The results obtained estimated an average minimum number of 1803 individuals (SD = 26.89, CI 95% = 1750–1855) within an area covering about 17,111 km2. Since the porcupine is considered as “potentially problematic” because of damages to croplands and riverbanks, assessing its abundance is even more important to delineate adequate conservation and management actions to limit the potential trade-off effects over human activities.
Vijf jaar regionalisatie van de behandeling erectieprothese bij therapieresistente erectiele disfunctie in Nederland, de eerste uitkomsten en ervaringen
Authors: Broers Eveline , Beck Jack , Dinkelman-Smit Marij , Dohle Gert , Elzevier Henk , D’Hauwers Kathleen , Levens Wim , Meijer Boaz , Pigot Garry , Ronkes Brechje , van Uhm Janneke , Verkerk-Geelhoed Jeannette , Glas Afina
Published: February 2022

Samenvatting

Sinds 2016 is de implantatie van een erectieprothese opgenomen in het basispakket voor patiënten die voldoen aan de indicatie en kwaliteitsvoorwaarden die zijn beschreven in het NVU-Standpunt. In dit artikel van de Nederlandse implanteurs zijn de data gebundeld van die eerste vijf jaar erectieprothese-implantatie. De patiënttevredenheid is met 82 % groter dan vóór 2016 en 86 % maakt daadwerkelijk gebruik van de erectieprothese. Deze getallen liggen hoger in de primaire groep dan in de re-implantatiegroep. Het risico op een ernstige complicatie is respectievelijk 5,8 en 7,5 %. Introductie van een gevalideerde PROM en intensievere samenwerking met seksuologen kunnen de patiënttevredenheid en het complicatierisico optimaliseren. Ook zal er een optimalisatie van volumes moeten komen.
A Preliminary Study of the Eye-Gaze Patterns and Reading Comprehension Skill of Students on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Drysdale Bradley M. , Furlonger Brett E. , Anderson Angelika , Moore Dennis W.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To identify, using eye-tracking technology, if readers on the autism spectrum (AS) would exhibit longer mean fixation times during question-answering but similar levels of comprehension accuracy to typically developing (TD) individuals.

Methods

The eye-gaze behavior of two school-aged autistic children and two TD children with similar reading abilities, age, gender, and grade level, was tracked while they read age-appropriate passages and answered related comprehension questions.

Results

Both participants on the AS displayed longer mean fixations than TD participants during question-answering. Despite the longer fixations during question-answering, the accuracy of the participants on the AS was equal to or superior to those of the TD participants.

Conclusions

Longer mean fixation durations during question-answering did not result in lower reading comprehension scores.
Environmental Sustainability Framework for Plastic Waste Management—a Case Study of Bubble Tea Industry in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Chie Jian , Chang Lam , Tan Jully
Published: February 2022

Economic growth and rapid industrialisation have led to enormous increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). Lack of waste management alternatives and ineffective waste policy implementation are the major challenges for government to materialise a sustainable solid waste management framework, especially for plastic waste. Booming of the food and beverage (F&B) industry has aggravated the situation by generating more plastic waste with no economic values. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the overall environmental performance of existing and alternative waste management technologies that are available in Malaysia based on net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2-eq) per tonne of plastic waste that are analysed through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. LCA result has proven that Scenario B (waste to energy (WTE) incineration) is more environmentally preferable as it had a negative net GHG emission of − 573.80 kg CO2-eq as compared to GHG emission of existing Scenario A (sanitary landfill) of 566.15 kg CO2-eq. Negative net GHG emission in WTE incineration was mainly due to higher GHG saving achieved through cleaner electricity generation as compared to conventional power production. This alternative technology was proven to have the potential to reduce the dependence on landfills and is served as the basis of environmental sustainability framework development for plastic waste management based on case study in Malaysia. This framework can be served as the baseline for the local authorities or policy makers for other plastic waste generation hotspots other than bubble tea industry to improve plastic waste management via WTE incineration.
Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and crop productivity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Northup Brian K. , Rice Charles W. , Prasad P. V. Vara
Published: February 2022

Biochar is a widely known soil amendment. Here we synthesize the available information on influence of biochar application on different soil properties and crop productivity using meta-analysis. Global data on influence of biochar applications on different soil physical, chemical, microbial properties, and crop productivity were extracted from literature and statistically analyzed. Based on selection criteria, 59 studies from the literature published between 2012 and 2021 were selected for the meta-analysis. Correlations were developed between effect size of biochar application on different soil properties and crop productivity. Application of biochar increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon by 46%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, with greater effects in coarse and fine-textured soils. Effects on chemical properties were variable among biochar prepared from different feedstocks. Among physical properties, biochar application reduced bulk densities by 29% and increased porosity by 59%. Biochar prepared at higher pyrolytic temperatures (> 500 ℃) improved bulk density and porosity to greater extents (31% and 66%, respectively). Biochar prepared at lower pyrolytic temperatures (< 500 ℃) had a greater effect on microbial diversity (both bacterial and fungal), with more diverse bacterial populations in medium and coarse textured soils, while fungal diversity increased in fine textured soils. Biochar applications increased crop productivity only in fine and coarse textured soil. The effect size of biochar application on crop productivity was correlated with responses to physical properties of soils. The meta-analysis highlighted the need to conduct long-term field experiments to provide better explanations for changes in biochar properties as it undergoes aging, its longer-term effects on soil properties, and timing of re-application of different biochars.
Investigation of the HelioVital filter foil revealed protective effects against UVA1 irradiation-induced DNA damage and against UVA1-induced expression of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP) MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP15
Authors: Ivanova I. , Kurz B. , Lang K. , Maisch T. , Berneburg M. , Kamenisch Y.
Published: February 2022

The damaging effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure to human skin are well known and can reach from accelerated skin aging (photoaging) to skin cancer. Much of the damaging effects of solar UVA (320–400 nm) radiation is associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are capable to cause oxidative damage to DNA like the oxidized guanosine 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Therefore, new UV protective strategies, have to be tested for their efficiency to shield against UV induced damage. We investigated the protective effects of HelioVital sun protection filter foil against UVA1 irradiation in skin cells. It could be shown, that HelioVital sun protection filter foil has protective effects against UVA1 irradiation induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Furthermore a UVA1-dependant regulation of MMP15 in human fibroblasts could be shown for the first time in this context. In addition, this study demonstrated the protective effect of the HelioVital filter film against UVA1-induced ROS production and DNA damage. These results could pave the way for clinical studies with HelioVital filter foil shielding against the damaging effects of phototherapy and other forms of irradiation therapy, thereby increasing the safety and treatment opportunities of these forms of therapy.

Graphical abstract
Kirchhoff’s theorem for Prym varieties
Authors: Len Yoav , Zakharov Dmitry
Published: February 2022

We prove an analogue of Kirchhoff’s matrix tree theorem for computing the volume of the tropical Prym variety for double covers of metric graphs. We interpret the formula in terms of a semi-canonical decomposition of the tropical Prym variety, via a careful study of the tropical Abel–Prym map. In particular, we show that the map is harmonic, determine its degree at every cell of the decomposition and prove that its global degree is

$2^{g-1}$

. Along the way, we use the Ihara zeta function to provide a new proof of the analogous result for finite graphs. As a counterpart, the appendix by Sebastian Casalaina-Martin shows that the degree of the algebraic Abel–Prym map is

$2^{g-1}$

as well.
Endothelial inflammation and dysfunction in COVID-19
Authors: Sbirkov Yordan , Dzharov Vasil , Todorova Krassimira , Hayrabedyan Soren , Sarafian Victoria
Published: February 2022

Summary: The biggest challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic besides the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is to reduce mortality rates. As the number of cases continues to rise and new variants, some with at least partial resistance to vaccines, emerge, the need for better understanding of the underlying pathology of the disease and for improved therapeutic strategies grows urgently. The endothelium is a main target of most viral infections in the body. The dysregulation of the normal functions of endothelial cells (ECs) contributes greatly to the thrombo-inflammatory storm and subsequent blood clot associated deaths in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, in this review we emphasize on the importance of ECs in healthy resting state and in inflammation. We summarize the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and the key contributions of in vitro cell culture models some of which have established the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptors as the main gates for viral entry in the cell. Lastly, we focus on 3D biofabrication methods for the design of better in vitro models that mimic the host environment including interactions of multiple cell types, simulation of blood flow and real-time viral infections. The development and implementation of such experimental platforms are critical to elucidate host-pathogen interactions and to test new antiviral drugs and vaccines in a controlled, safe, and highly reproducible and predictive manner.
Marine Target Extraction Based on Adjoint Covariance Correction Model
Authors: Lin Liu , Jixian Zhang , Wanwu Li , Qiaoli Sui
Published: February 2022

Constant False‐Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm is a mature method in marine target detection at present, the key of which is the choice of probability model. The most classical probability model is Gaussian distribution, which is suitable for modeling the calm ocean surface. Complex ocean conditions generally do not obey to Gaussian distribution, which limits the performance of CFAR algorithm. Therefore, we propose Adjoint Covariance Correction Model (ACCM) to improve the performance of CFAR marine target detection. Analyzing the distribution characteristic of ocean clutter under complex ocean conditions based on experiments, we find that it has long‐tail characteristic. Aiming at this characteristic, we have conducted fitting experiment on 23 kinds of probability density functions (PDFs) and find Loglogistic distribution has a better fitting effect on long‐tail characteristic, therefore, we use it to model ocean clutter under complex ocean conditions for the first time. In order to further improve the fitting goodness, we add a variance correction term to the Loglogistic model to construct ACCM for marine target extraction. The experiment result shows that ACCM effectively fits the long‐tail characteristic caused by Synthetic Aperture Radar backscatter under complex ocean conditions. The goodness of fit improves by 50% compared with Loglogistic model, and the amount of false alarms is 81.42% of that of Loglogistic model. The extraction accuracy of marine target characteristic parameter based on ACCM is 11.58% higher than that of Loglogistic model, and 12.18% higher than that of two‐parameter CFAR model based on standard error function (named SEF‐CFAR).
Large South Equatorial Current Meander in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean Captured by Surface Drifters Deployed in 2019
Authors: Wu Wei , Du Yan , Qian Yu‐Kun , Chen Ju , Jiang Xingwei
Published: February 2022

To investigate the South Equatorial Current (SEC) in the Indian Ocean, 18 drifters were deployed off Sumatra‐Java during boreal spring 2019. These drifter observations revealed a large SEC meander that swung southward about 1,100 km during 40 days along ∼100°E. The southward motion occurred on the eastern edge of the Seychelles‐Chagos thermocline ridge, accompanied by an anticyclonic eddy/Rossby wave from the east, indicated by the geostrophic velocity induced by the zonal pressure gradient. Meanwhile, the ageostrophic velocity induced by the southeasterly wind also contributes to this southward motion. This is verified by a Lagrangian Trajectory Model in which drifter trajectories are well reproduced using Chinese‐French Oceanic SATellite winds products. Further analysis of the historical drifters with similar trajectories reveals that the geostrophic and ageostrophic currents jointly drive drifters to move southward. Ageostrophic component could contribute up to 45% of the southward movement of the SEC meander.
To Make a Big Moon, Start with a Small Planet
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: February 2022

Why is our Moon so massive compared with Earth, and how might that configuration happen elsewhere?
Himalayas Are Experiencing an “Exceptional” Loss of Glacial Mass
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: February 2022

The Himalayas have lost 40% of their glacial mass since the Little Ice Age. East Nepal and Bhutan have experienced the most rapid losses.
Downregulation of LNMAS orchestrates partial EMT and immune escape from macrophage phagocytosis to promote lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer
Authors: Liao Yuandong , Huang Jiaming , Liu Pan , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Junxiu , Xia Meng , Shang Chunliang , Ooi Shiyin , Chen Yili , Qin Shuhang , Du Qiqiao , Liu Tianyu , Xu Manman , Zou Qiaojian , Zhou Yijia , Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Wang Wei , Yao Shuzhong
Published: February 2022

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential step to drive the metastatic cascade to lymph nodes (LNs) in cervical cancer cells. However, few of them metastasize successfully partially due to increased susceptibility to immunosurveillance conferred by EMT. The precise mechanisms of cancer cells orchestrate EMT and immune evasion remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified a lncRNA termed lymph node metastasis associated suppressor (LNMAS), which was downregulated in LN-positive cervical cancer patients and correlated with LN metastasis and prognosis. Functionally, LNMAS suppressed cervical cancer cells metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LNMAS exerts its metastasis suppressive activity by competitively interacting with HMGB1 and abrogating the chromatin accessibility of TWIST1 and STC1, inhibiting TWIST1-mediated partial EMT and STC1-dependent immune escape from macrophage phagocytosis. We further demonstrated that the CpG sites in the promoter region of LNMAS was hypermethylated and contributed to the downregulation of LNMAS. Taken together, our results reveal the essential role of LNMAS in the LN metastasis of cervical cancer and provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of LNMAS in EMT and immune evasion.
Association between TP53 mutation and high 21-gene recurrence score in estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ji Jung Hwan , Bae Soong June , Kim Kyungsoo , Chu Chihhao , Lee Kyung-A , Kim Yoonjung , Kim Jee Hung , Jeong Joon , Ahn Sung Gwe
Published: February 2022

We investigated the association between TP53 mutation and 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) using data from 141 patients who underwent TP53 sequencing and Oncotype DX® tests. We detected TP53 mutations in 18 (12.8%) patients. Most patients with TP53 mutation had a high 21-gene RS (≥26). The average 21-gene RS was higher in TP53 mutant tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that mutated TP53 is an independent factor for a high 21-gene RS. Mutated TP53 remained closely associated with high 21-gene RS in patients with low pathological risk (n = 103). In the ER+/PR+/HER2-negative subset (n = 356) of The Cancer Genome Atlas, the non-luminal A intrinsic subtype was more prevalent in the group with mutant TP53. mRNA levels of p53-regulated senescence gatekeeper and cell cycle-related genes were increased in BC with mutated TP53. Mutational analysis of TP53 helped identify endocrine-resistant tumors.
Magnetic control of tokamak plasmas through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Degrave Jonas , Felici Federico , Buchli Jonas , Neunert Michael , Tracey Brendan , Carpanese Francesco , Ewalds Timo , Hafner Roland , Abdolmaleki Abbas , de las Casas Diego , Donner Craig , Fritz Leslie , Galperti Cristian , Huber Andrea , Keeling James , Tsimpoukelli Maria , Kay Jackie , Merle Antoine , Moret Jean-Marc , Noury Seb , Pesamosca Federico , Pfau David , Sauter Olivier , Sommariva Cristian , Coda Stefano , Duval Basil , Fasoli Ambrogio , Kohli Pushmeet , Kavukcuoglu Koray , Hassabis Demis , Riedmiller Martin
Published: February 2022

Nuclear fusion using magnetic confinement, in particular in the tokamak configuration, is a promising path towards sustainable energy. A core challenge is to shape and maintain a high-temperature plasma within the tokamak vessel. This requires high-dimensional, high-frequency, closed-loop control using magnetic actuator coils, further complicated by the diverse requirements across a wide range of plasma configurations. In this work, we introduce a previously undescribed architecture for tokamak magnetic controller design that autonomously learns to command the full set of control coils. This architecture meets control objectives specified at a high level, at the same time satisfying physical and operational constraints. This approach has unprecedented flexibility and generality in problem specification and yields a notable reduction in design effort to produce new plasma configurations. We successfully produce and control a diverse set of plasma configurations on the Tokamak à Configuration Variable1,2, including elongated, conventional shapes, as well as advanced configurations, such as negative triangularity and ‘snowflake’ configurations. Our approach achieves accurate tracking of the location, current and shape for these configurations. We also demonstrate sustained ‘droplets’ on TCV, in which two separate plasmas are maintained simultaneously within the vessel. This represents a notable advance for tokamak feedback control, showing the potential of reinforcement learning to accelerate research in the fusion domain, and is one of the most challenging real-world systems to which reinforcement learning has been applied.
A global dataset for the projected impacts of climate change on four major crops
Authors: Hasegawa Toshihiro , Wakatsuki Hitomi , Ju Hui , Vyas Shalika , Nelson Gerald C. , Farrell Aidan , Deryng Delphine , Meza Francisco , Makowski David
Published: February 2022

Reliable estimates of the impacts of climate change on crop production are critical for assessing the sustainability of food systems. Global, regional, and site-specific crop simulation studies have been conducted for nearly four decades, representing valuable sources of information for climate change impact assessments. However, the wealth of data produced by these studies has not been made publicly available. Here, we develop a global dataset by consolidating previously published meta-analyses and data collected through a new literature search covering recent crop simulations. The new global dataset builds on 8703 simulations from 202 studies published between 1984 and 2020. It contains projected yields of four major crops (maize, rice, soybean, and wheat) in 91 countries under major emission scenarios for the 21st century, with and without adaptation measures, along with geographical coordinates, current temperature and precipitation levels, projected temperature and precipitation changes. This dataset provides a solid basis for a quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change on crop production and will facilitate the rapidly developing data-driven machine learning applications.
Mutational analysis of driver genes defines the colorectal adenoma: in situ carcinoma transition
Authors: Jungwirth Jiri , Urbanova Marketa , Boot Arnoud , Hosek Petr , Bendova Petra , Siskova Anna , Svec Jiri , Kment Milan , Tumova Daniela , Summerova Sandra , Benes Zdenek , Buchler Tomas , Kohout Pavel , Hucl Tomas , Matej Radoslav , Vodickova Ludmila , van Wezel Tom , Vodicka Pavel , Vymetalkova Veronika
Published: February 2022

A large proportion of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) evolve from colorectal adenomas. However, not all individuals with colonic adenomas have a risk of CRC substantially higher than those of the general population. The aim of the study was to determine the differences or similarities of mutation profile among low- and high-grade adenomas and in situ carcinoma with detailed follow up. We have investigated the mutation spectrum of well-known genes involved in CRC (such as APC, BRAF, EGFR, NRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA, POLE, POLD1, SMAD4, PTEN, and TP53) in a large, well-defined series of 96 adenomas and in situ carcinomas using a high-throughput genotyping technique. Besides, the microsatellite instability and APC and MLH1 promoter methylation were studied as well. We observed a high frequency of pathogenic variants in the studied genes. The APC, KRAS and TP53 mutation frequencies were slightly lower in adenoma samples than in in situ carcinoma samples. Further, when we stratified mutation frequency based on the grade, the frequency distribution was as follows: low-grade adenoma—high-grade adenomas—in situ carcinoma: APC gene 42.9–56.0–54.5%; KRAS gene 32.7–32.0–45.5%; TP53 gene 8.2–20.0–18.2%. The occurrence of KRAS mutation was associated with the presence of villous histology and methylation of the APC promoter was significantly associated with the presence of POLE genetic variations. However, no association was noticed with the presence of any singular mutation and occurrence of subsequent adenoma or CRC. Our data supports the multistep model of gradual accumulation of mutations, especially in the driver genes, such as APC, TP53 and KRAS.
Data-driven analysis and new findings on the loss of tail rotor effectiveness in helicopter accidents
Authors: Saleh Joseph Homer , Xu Zhaoyi , Guvir Anca Ioana , Margousian Arega , Zhang Weiqing , Ma Martin
Published: February 2022

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE) is an unstable dynamic phenomenon that affects single-rotor helicopters and frequently leads to accidents. LTE accidents recur with troubling regularity and show no sign of abatement. This work uncovers new data-driven findings pertaining to LTE and risk factors. First, a scorecard is developed covering a broad range of results to better understand LTE accidents. Second, the risk of LTE is derived for current helicopters. Third, a Deep Learning model is developed that captures the dependence between LTE risk and helicopter features. A danger zone is discovered in the design space for short tail rotor arm and high tail rotor RPM. The results challenge the prevailing narrative of LTE accidents as mere pilot errors and demonstrate an intrinsic propensity to these accidents is embedded in part in the helicopter design. The findings open the door to new, more effective safety interventions for LTE accident prevention.
Graphene-based metasurface solar absorber design with absorption prediction using machine learning
Authors: Parmar Juveriya , Patel Shobhit K. , Katkar Vijay
Published: February 2022

Solar absorber is required to absorb most of the energy of the solar spectral irradiance. We propose a graphene-based solar absorber design with two different metasurfaces to improve this absorption and increase the efficiency of the solar absorber. The metasurfaces are selected based on their symmetrical/asymmetrical nature (O-shape and L-shape). The O-shape metasurface design is showing better performance over the L-shape metasurface design. The absorption performance is also compared with AM 1.5 solar spectral irradiance to show the effectiveness of the solar absorber. The absorption values are also enhanced by varying the parameters like resonator thickness and substrate thickness. The proposed solar absorber design gives maximum absorption in the ultraviolet and visible range. Furthermore, the design is also showing a high and similar absorption rate over a wide angle of incidence. The absorption of O-shape metasurface design is also predicted using machine learning. 1D-Convolutional Neural Network Regression is used to develop a Machine Learning model to determine absorption values of intermediate wavelength for assorted values of angle of incidence, resonator thickness, and substrate thickness. The results of experiments reveal that absorption values may be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. The proposed absorber with its high absorbing capacity can be applied for green energy applications.
Genome-resolved metagenomics identifies the particular genetic traits of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in agricultural soil
Authors: Wu Xingjie , Cui Zhenling , Peng Jingjing , Zhang Fusuo , Liesack Werner
Published: February 2022

Bacteria play a key role in phosphate solubilization, but related genome-centric research on agricultural microbiomes is scarce. Here, we reconstructed 472 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) covering agricultural soils from six long-term field trials across China. A total of 79 MAGs contained gcd encoding quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GCD), which is the key biomarker for phosphate solubilization. Our findings showed that all GCD-MAGs represent potentially novel species, with gcd copy numbers varying from 1 to 10 per genome. Large genome size, a high ratio of glycosyl hydrolase genes, and increased capacity for carbohydrate utilization were specific traits of GCD-MAGs. Notably, the gcd copy number showed a significant and positive correlation with genome size. Generated using a machine learning approach, our findings were validated in a dataset of 692 genotypes covering the 18 bacterial families to which the 79 GCD-MAGs belong. Our results improve the knowledge of both the diversity and the genetic composition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. In particular, they reveal a genomic link between phosphate solubilization capacity and increased potential for carbohydrate metabolism, which may accelerate targeted engineering and improve management practices for sustainable agriculture.
Biochemical and structural characterization ofHaemophilus influenzaenitroreductase in metabolizing nitroimidazoles
Authors: Liu Dake , Wanniarachchi Thisuri N. , Jiang Guangde , Seabra Gustavo , Cao Shugeng , Bruner Steven D. , Ding Yousong
Published: February 2022

The nitroreductase ofHaemophilus influenzaemetabolizes clinically used nitroimidazoles, generates dimeric metabolites and anaerobically sensitizes anE. colimutant to antibiotics. We further uncover its biochemical and structural details.
Effects of alkylthio groups on phase transitions of organic molecules and liquid crystals: a comparative study with alkyl and alkoxy groups
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Ishida Yuko , Shiba Takuma , Igawa Kazunobu , Sasaki Shunsuke , Tsuji Hideto
Published: February 2022

The effects of the alkylthio groups on the phase transition behavior of organic liquid crystal molecules were examined by comparing them with the effects of alkyl and alkoxy groups.
Applications of halide perovskites in X-ray detection and imaging
Authors: Wang Yuyin , Lou Huiru , Yue Cheng-Yang , Lei Xiao-Wu
Published: February 2022

Some advanced and meaningful work was conducted on halide perovskites for X-ray detectors, and the performance of the corresponding X-ray detectors has reached new heights.
Thermodynamics of small mercury clusters and the role of electronically excited states: a case study on Hg13
Authors: Vítek Aleš , Kalus René
Published: February 2022

Classical Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble have been performed for the Hg13 cluster with the main emphasis paid to structural changes in this cluster induced by elevated temperature and pressure.
All-dielectric magnetophotonic gratings for maximum TMOKE enhancement
Authors: Carvalho William O. F. , Mejía-Salazar J. R.
Published: February 2022

All-dielectric nanophotonic devices are promising candidates for future lossless (bio)sensing and telecommunications applications.
Recent advances in biomaterial-boosted adoptive cell therapy
Authors: Xue Yonger , Che Junyi , Ji Xuemei , Li Yunuo , Xie Jinbing , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2022

The advancements, challenges, and perspectives of biomaterial-based strategies for enhancing adoptive cell therapy to combat various malignant diseases.
Distribution, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of palladium-doped nanoplastics in a constructed freshwater ecosystem
Authors: He Shuai , Chi Hai-Yuan , Li Chengjun , Gao Yan , Li Ze-Chen , Zhou Xiao-Xia , Yan Bing
Published: February 2022

The distribution, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of nanoplastics in a constructed freshwater ecosystem were quantitatively investigated using Pd-doped particles.
Resonant X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: identification of atomic contributions to valence states
Authors: Seymour J. M. , Gousseva E. , Bennett R. A. , Large A. I. , Held G. , Hein D. , Wartner G. , Quevedo W. , Seidel R. , Kolbeck C. , Clarke C. J. , Fogarty R. M. , Bourne R. A. , Palgrave R. G. , Hunt P. A. , Lovelock K. R. J.
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate the validity of using valence resonant X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify atomic contributions for both solutes and solvents.
Operandomonitoring of mechanisms and deactivation of molecular catalysts
Authors: Köhnke Katrin , Wessel Niklas , Esteban Jesús , Jin Jing , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: February 2022

The review presents spectroscopic and mathematical tools to performoperandoinvestigations of mechanisms and deactivation pathways in homogeneous catalysis. Their potential is shown in two case studies, hydroformylation and asymmetric hydrogenation.
Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles
Authors: Crissman Christopher J. , Mo Mianzhen , Chen Zhijiang , Yang Jie , Huyke Diego A. , Glenzer Siegfried H. , Ledbetter Kathryn , F. Nunes J. Pedro , Ng May Ling , Wang Hengzi , Shen Xiaozhe , Wang Xijie , DePonte Daniel P.
Published: February 2022

Liquid sheet jet formation holds immense promise to provide a continuously replenished target for static structural biology and high energy density studies conducted in X-ray free electron laser, synchrotron, and pulsed electron facilities.
Overcoming mass transfer limitations in cross-linked polyethyleneimine-based adsorbents to enable selective CO2 capture at ambient temperature
Authors: Hamdy Louise B. , Gougsa Abel , Chow Wing Ying , Russell James E. , García-Díez Enrique , Kulakova Viktoriia , Garcia Susana , Barron Andrew R. , Taddei Marco , Andreoli Enrico
Published: February 2022

New triazine-based linker used to cross-link PEI into an unsupported adsorbent with high CO2 uptake at ambient temperature.
Single pulse heating of a nanoparticle array for biological applications
Authors: Xie Chen , Kang Peiyuan , Cazals Johan , Castelán Omar Morales , Randrianalisoa Jaona , Qin Zhenpeng
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the effect of single pulse heating of nanoparticle array on biological activity. The analysis demonstrates that nanoscale-confined heating may lead to targeted protein denaturation, whereas it does not give targeted activation of the thermally-sensitive TRPV1 channel.
Magnetic solid sulfonic acid-enabled direct catalytic production of biomass-derived N-substituted pyrroles
Authors: Wang Keping , Wu Mei , Liu Yixuan , Yang Ying , Li Hu
Published: February 2022

A novel magnetic biocarbon-based solid acid catalyst (WK-SO3H) was facilely prepared and efficient for producing N-substituted pyrroles from biomass derivatives.
Multiple-fold C–F bond functionalization for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic compounds: fluorine as a detachable chemical handle
Authors: Ge Danhua , Chu Xue-Qiang
Published: February 2022

We highlighted the recent advances in the field of multiple-fold C–F bond functionalization for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic compounds.
N-Aroyloxycarbamates as switchable nitrogen and oxygen precursor: Ir/Cu controlled divergent C–H functionalization of heteroarenes
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Chen , Zhou Xianying , Liang Jiahui , Zhang Pingjun , Jiao Lin-Yu , Yang Xiufang , Ma Yangmin
Published: February 2022

Chemodivergent control in the functionalization of nitrogen-directed aromatic C–H bonds has been achieved by a switchable catalyst.
Identification of novel candidates for inhibition ofLasR, a quorum-sensing receptor of multidrug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa, through a specialized multi-levelin silicoapproach
Authors: Magalhães Rita P. , Vieira Tatiana F. , Melo André , Sousa Sérgio F.
Published: February 2022

The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the past decades has become one of the major public health issues of our time.
Pressure-induced phase transition of a series of energetic pentazolate anion salts: a DFT study
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Li Yunqiu , Dong Wenshuai , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: February 2022

The distortion angles of two energetic pentazolate salts (N5−)2DABTT2+ and N5−GU+.
Insight into Au/ZnO catalyzed aerobic benzyl alcohol oxidation by modulation–excitation attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy
Authors: Waheed Ammara , Cao Changhai , Zhang Yifei , Zheng Kai , Li Gao
Published: February 2022

The chemisorbed or dissociated oxygen species is associated with the catalytic activity in alcohol oxidation catalyzed by Au/ZnO catalysts.
Real‐time facial expression recognition based on iterative transfer learning and efficient attention network
Authors: Kong Yinghui , Zhang Shuaitong , Zhang Ke , Ni Qiang , Han Jungong
Published: February 2022

Real‐time facial expression recognition is the basis for computers to understand human emotions and detect abnormalities in time. To effectively solve the problems of server overload and privacy information leakage, a real‐time facial expression recognition method based on iterative transfer learning and efficient attention network (EAN) for edge resource‐constrained scenes is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an EAN is designed with its parameter number and computation amount strictly limited by depth separable convolution and local channel attention mechanism. Then, the soft labels of facial expression data were obtained by EAN based on the idea of knowledge distillation, so as to provide more supervision information for the training process. Finally, an iterative transfer learning method of teacher‐student (T‐S) network was proposed; it refines the soft labels of the teacher network and further improves the recognition accuracy of the student network. The tests on the public datasets, FER2013 and RAF‐DB, show that this method can significantly reduce the model complexity and achieve high recognition accuracy. Compared with other advanced methods, the proposed method strikes a good balance between complexity and accuracy, and well meets the real‐time deployment requirements of facial expression recognition technology for edge resource‐constrained scenes.
Compact 3‐dB directional coupler design based on substrate integrated dual‐strip coaxial line
Authors: Ho Min‐Hua , Hsu Chung‐I G. , Su Gwan‐Wei
Published: February 2022

A novel compact 3‐dB directional coupler design based on the substrate integrated dual‐strip coaxial line (SIDSCL) is presented. The SIDSCL differs from the conventional substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) in that the former possesses two central strips that are periodically connected through buried via‐holes and the latter has only one strip. In the coupled‐line section, the connection via‐holes are removed to form two coupled strips. The needed tight coupling is easily achieved by the strip's broadside‐coupling configuration. To shorten the coupled‐line section, both coupled strips are periodically and bilaterally loaded with open stubs, which provide the capacitances between the strips and the capacitances to the ground. In each SIDSCL feedline branch, a side patch is attached for neutralising the parasitic capacitance and inductance owing to the junction discontinuity that deteriorates the coupler's isolation and impedance matching. A sample coupler with a 25% reduction in the coupled‐section length is fabricated for verifying the circuit design.
Model predictive power control with Kalman filter for grid‐tied inverter with parameter variation
Authors: Tang Xiao , Zhang Zhi , Hu Bihua
Published: February 2022

Model predictive power control is considered to be a promising control algorithm owing to its simple structure and fast dynamic response. This algorithm relies heavily on the predictive model and the parameter variation adds the difficulty to gain the accurate model, which affects the static performance of the grid‐tied inverter. Here, a model predictive power control with Kalman filter (MPPCKF) is proposed to address above issue. On the basis of the grid‐current predictive model, the mathematical model is gotten to estimate the AC‐filter inductance and a Kalman filter is introduced to suppress the noise interference of calculating inductance. Finally, a simulation and an experimental platform are established to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. The results exhibit that the MPPCKF can effectively suppress the grid‐current distortion and the active‐/reactive‐power ripple of grid‐tied inverter caused by the mismatched predictive power model.
Shifted frequency‐based electromagnetic transient simulation for AC power systems in symmetrical component domain
Authors: Gao Shilin , Song Yankan , Chen Ying , Yu Zhitong , Tan Zhendong
Published: February 2022

Power systems are becoming more and more complicated. Traditional simulation tools such as transient stability programs and electromagnetic transients (EMT) programs are unable to meet the accuracy or efficiency requirements. This paper proposes a shifted frequency‐based EMT (SFEMT) simulation in the symmetrical component‐domain (abbreviated as SCSFEMT simulation) for the three‐phase transmission system. The sequence‐decoupled SCSFEMT modeling for the power system components is first presented based on the symmetrical component transformation. Then, the solution procedure of the presented SCSFEMT simulation algorithm is elaborated in detail based on the EMTP‐type solution and multi‐sequence Thevenin equivalence (MSTE). With the MSTE, the three sequence networks can be decoupled during the whole simulation. Thus, the dimension of the system is greatly reduced. Last, the accuracy and efficiency of the SCSFEMT simulation are validated on the 10‐machine 39‐bus New England system by comparing it with traditional EMT and SFEMT simulation. Test results show that the SCSFEMT simulation algorithm is much more efficient than traditional SFEMT simulation.
Fallberichte: Kinder mit tracheoösophagealer Fistel nach Knopfbatterieningestion
Authors: Keil Oliver , Avsar Murat , Beck Christiane , Köditz Harald , Kübler Joachim , Schwerk Nicolaus , Zardo Patrick , Sümpelmann Robert
Published: February 2022

Fremdkörperingestionen bei Kindern nehmen stetig zu – dabei werden u. a. Knopfbatterien sehr häufig verschluckt. Das weitverbreitete Modell CR2032 führt bereits nach kurzer Zeit zu schweren
Laugenverätzungen mit möglicher Perforation in benachbarte Organe. Dieser Fallserienbericht stellt 4 Kinder vor, die nach Ingestion von Knopfbatterien eine tracheoösophageale Fistel
entwickelten und in unserer Kinderklinik interdisziplinär versorgt wurden.
Anxiolytische Ohrakupunktur
Authors: Usichenko Taras , Peuker Elmar T.
Published: February 2022

Die Ohrakupunktur wird häufig bei der Behandlung vegetativer und psychischer
Gesundheitsstörungen eingesetzt. Auch wenn die tradierten Grundlagen vor dem
Hintergrund aktueller anatomischer und neurophysiologischer Erkenntnisse in Summe
nicht haltbar sind, zeigt die vorliegenden Studienlage doch deutliche Hinweise auf
eine Wirksamkeit bei Angst und depressiven Störungen. In diesem Artikel
werden die relevanten wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Ohrakupunktur rekapituliert
und insbesondere ein pragmatisches Therapiekonzept zur Behandlung situativer Angst
vorgestellt.