bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Calibration of Diesel Engine Variable Valve Timing
Authors: Hu Sheng Ou , Li Ren Xian
Published: June 2012

The performance of internal combustion engine can be improved by using variable valve timing technology. but how to get the optimal inlet/export valve open or close angles under various operating conditions still relies mainly on testing calibration method. By means of one-dimensional working process simulation method, the performance of a four cylinder diesel engine was simulated, and the influences of diffrent inlet/export valve timing on engine performances were compared. Optimum valve timing values and engine performances under thirty kinds of working conditions were gotton. After that, the engine performances compared with that without variable valve timing. Simulation results show that the engine performance, especially the emission performance, can be improved at all simulation working conditions. The method used in this paper may be a new way for calibration of optimal valve timing.
Study on the Refomation of Francis Turbine Based on CFD
Authors: Zheng Ying , Cai Jiu Ju , Ma Zhan He
Published: June 2012

Based on CFD software, Navier-Stokes equations, Sparlart-Allmaras turbulence model and the structure mesh method, the whole flow passage of Francis turbine were 3-D numerical simulated. By CFView, the distribution of velocity vector and static pressure in the flow passages through flow field were analyzed, which explained the shortcomings of design and its incidental problems of lower discharge capacity and lower efficiency. Consequently the improvement of the runner alone was promoted, and which could be proved to be good results.
The Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Involute Spur Gear
Authors: Xu Shun , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2012

Through three-dimensional mechanical design software Pro/E to build a spur gear solid model, using ANSYS software for the gear mesh, as well as the constraints imposed by the most unfavorable load to determine the location of the discussion, in order to get accurate finite element analysis model. By analyzing, this shows that the effectiveness of the application of ANSYS in gear calculation.
The Research of Using Ultrasonic Flowmeter For Testing the Energy Flow of Shengli Oilfield Power Plant
Authors: Li Gao Feng , Zhu Cheng Yi , Wang Hong Wei , Liu Can
Published: June 2012

To slove the measurement disputes of the central heating system of Shengli Oilfield base, ensure the accuracy and impartiality of measurement, this paper presents the ways of using portable ultrasonic flowmeter for testing and verifying the flowmeter of heating systerm of Shengli Power Plant. By calculated that, the maximum error of the heating flowmeter reached -17.50%,resulting in the Power Plant loss of more than nine hundred thousands GJ in heating period of one year, not only caused huge economic losses to the Shengli Power Plant, but also greatly increased pollution of the living area of Shengli Power Plant. Therefore, we give some comments and suggestions to the insufficient of heat-metering in the Shengli Power Plant, it laid the foundation for the management reform and further standardization of heat-metering.
The Variable Displacement Compressor and Internal Regulation Valve Simulation
Authors: Chen Xiao Jie
Published: June 2012

The air-conditioning system is a source of energy consumption and consequently, it has a strong influence on the fuel consumption, the engine load and the pollutant emissions. The air-conditioning system has to be accounted for in the energy balance under the hood. This system is composed of a variable displacement compressor including an internal regulation valve. In this paper, we model a complete system step by step. We build the compressor system and gradually add components so as to end up with the complete system. The simulation results shows that when the suction pressure becomes at some point smaller than the regulation pressure, the valve controls the compressor displacement and tends to reduce it in order to maintain a certain level for the suction pressure. It will be easier to observe the influence of the regulation valve on the complete refrigerant loop system.
Turbocharger Performance Simulation with Optimized 1D Model
Authors: Gong Xiao Yang , Chen Rui
Published: June 2012

Turbocharging technique has played a critical role not only for improving automotive engine performance, but also for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions both in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines. In the research described in this paper, a 1D centrifugal compressor model has been developed for simulating turbocharger flow and performance. The model takes into account energy conservation and transfer which includes the losses determined from the compressor geometry. The losses including incident loss, friction loss, clearance loss, backward loss and volute loss were simulated by the thermodynamics model, rather than from the characteristic performance curves obtained experimentally. The proposed model was validated against experimental data and it showed simulating and experimental results are in very good agreement at three different rotational speeds, in particular near the surge line, though the deviation begins to increase as mass flow rate goes up. With current results, it has suggested the proposal is suitable for predicting the compressor performance curves such as outlet pressure, efficiency and losses for any centrifugal compressor. In addition, surge line obtained from the simulation result can be used to define stable operation range.
Vibration Internal Characteristics Research on the Turbocharger Rotor
Authors: Zhao Jun Sheng , Hu Liao Ping
Published: June 2012

In order to obtain the vibration characteristics of the turbocharger rotor system, its natural frequencies and vibration modes are approached by the experimental method and the finite element method. The modal parameters are obtained by modal tests, and are calculated by the finite element method with the software ANSYS8.0 at the meantime. The influence is approached mainly for the oil film stiffness of the floating-ring bearings and the rotor’s rotating speed. The FEM result is certificate compared with the modal test result. The influence of the rotating speed is greater on the rotor natural frequency than that of the bearing stiffness. It provides the theoretical basis for turbocharger’s vibration control and structure improve.
Improved Fault Diagnosis Method for Aeroaccessory Gear
Authors: Pi Jun , Li Zhi Wei , Yan Guo Hua
Published: June 2012

The gear is widely used in aviation engines to transmit power. The gear faults affect somwhat the safety of the engines and aircafts. The vibration signal of gear is a carrier of gear situation information, it contains a lot of information about normal gear or faulty gear, so an effective signal process way is the important method of diagnosis the gear in good situation or not.The hybrid method of Wigner-Viller distribution (WVD) and singularity value decompositio(SVD) was introduced and applied to diagnose the gear faults in this paper. The results show that the hybrid method investigated is successfully to ascertain the gear fault.
Effect of Twisted Slice on Fluid Dynamics Performances of Fluid Media in Cracking Furnace Tube
Authors: Han Meng , Dong Cheng Jiang , Gao Liang , Liu Feng He
Published: June 2012

Employing air at normal temperature and pressure as fluid media, the effect of twisted slice on fluid dynamics performances of fluid in cracking furnace tube was studied. The experimental results showed that boundary layer in cracking furnace tube fixed with twisted slice became thin, which leaded to the increase of heat transfer coefficient. So heat transfer was enhanced. Axial velocity distribution in central area of the tube fixed with twisted slice was smoother than that of circular tube, while velocity grad in near wall area was greater. Pressure drop increased in the tube fixed with twisted slice, whereas pressure distribution was even along axial length of the tube, in agreement with the pressure distribution in circular tube.
Orthogonal Design Optional Method of the Numerical Theory for the Hydraulic Squeeze Parameters
Authors: Hu Zu Xiang
Published: June 2012

To apply the orthogonal design to confirm the optimal combination parameter of hydraulic squeeze is one good method for the coal seam in a state of stable geological factors. But if so the effect of injection meets uncertainly the requirement of the project in pace with advancement of the hydraulic squeeze measure and changing of the geological factors.In view of this situation and the characteristic of qualitative variable as well as quantitative variable of the geological factors affecting hydraulic squeeze. Put forward the application of numerical theory on the basis of optimization study of orthogonal design to confirm the optimal combination of the technical parameters of hydraulic extrusion when geological factors is in precarious state and then proceed optimization study.
The Location Governor Hydraulic System's Design and Application of 300MW Class Pumped Storage Unit
Authors: He Lin Bo , Cai Jun , Zhou Pan , Qin Wei Chao , Chen Xiao Yong , Xie Jia Rong , Xu Dong , Wang Wei , Zhang Lei , Cai Xiao Feng , Shao Yi Xiang
Published: June 2012

This paper represents particularity and importance of pumped-storage power station unit. It introduces localization governor hydraulic system’s composition, difficulty point and key point of 300MW class pumped-storage unit. It also puts forward pump direction and turbine direction dual rate closing program to active and introduces application status on side.
A Calculation Method of the Optimal Initial Steam Pressure of the Power Plant Based on Model Analysis
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Ya Mi , Wang Hui Jie
Published: June 2012

The shortage of control system for the air-cooling unit is the lack of theoretical guidance and relative operating experience in the selection of operating mode. The mathematical model is built to optimize the initial steam pressure of the air-cooling unit with the method of systemic analysis. Through calculation of air-cooling unit NZK600-16.7/537/537-Ⅰ, the optimal initial steam pressure curves in different work conditions are obtained. The analysis will improve the optimal system-wide control theory of air-cooling power plant. Limitation of the initial steam pressure curve provided by manufactory is also analyzed in this paper.
A Model for the Prediction of Bubble Detachment Diameters in Vapor Compression Distillation Assembly
Authors: Cai Yu Qiang , Li De Cai
Published: June 2012

The vapor compression distillation assembly is a phase-change water recovery technology which will reclaim water from urine, whose evaporator is a rotating container involving boiling heat transfer. The production rate of the apparatus depend on the bubble detachment diameter. In the article, based on the force equilibrium of bubble, the bubble detachment diameter formula is obtained, in which, the flow velocity along axis is neglected because it is very slow. The formula is very significant to the design of the apparatus and other relative apparatus.
Discussion on the Influence of Flow Field around Porous Hydrofoil
Authors: Yu Feng Rong , Zhang Li Xiang , Zeng Yun , Luo Zhu Mei
Published: June 2012

Cavitation is an important factor on influencing the safety and efficiency of hydraulic machinery. So cavitation characteristics and mechanism are the work targets of many scholars. And how to reduce the risk of cavitation is also a hot issue. In this paper, geometry structure of hydrofoil is changing, with different number and angle of hole. Flow fields of hydrofoil are analyzed and compared, and then the effect of drilling angle on flow field of hydrofoil is given. This study introduces geometry optimization ideas for improving cavitation in the area of hydromachinery.
Experimental Study of Pressure Fluctuations of a Pump-Turbine in Transient Period
Authors: Sun Yue Kun , Zuo Zhi Gang , Liu Shu Hong , Liu Jin Tao , Wu Yu Lin
Published: June 2012

Pressure fluctuations strongly affect the performance stability of the Pump-turbine unit. According to previous research, pressure fluctuations observed between runner and guide vanes (vaneless area) have the large amplitudes and complicated sources. This article analyzed this type of pressure fluctuations in transient operating period, by carrying out observations in a pump-storage power station. Amplitudes and frequencies were analyzed to show the characteristics of pressure fluctuations caused by rotor-stator interaction, vibration and vortex.
Flow Field and Particle Distribution in Horizontal Thick and Thin Firing Burners
Authors: Guo Xiao Yan , Zhang Hai Peng
Published: June 2012

A numerical simulation study on the horizontal thick and thin firing burner with distorted clapboards was conducted based on the realizable k–ε turbulence and Lagrange random particle orbital models. The flow field and pulverized coal concentration distribution were also determined. Moreover, this study achieved the following results. The velocity distributions in the burners with clapboards at 40°, 90°, and 140° distortion angles were close to the experimental values. The separation degree of pulverized coal concentrations in this kind of burner was higher, and the airflow rotated forward in a clockwise direction. Lastly, the thick and thin side air distributions were right- and left-skewed at the exit, respectively.
Numerical Analysis on Convection Heat Transfer of Pulsating Flow in a Spiral Fluted Tube
Authors: Yu Jiu Yang , Yang Wen Hao , Lin Wei , Liu Li Jun , Liu Qian , Nie Si Hao , Chen Yi Wen , Zhu Jing
Published: June 2012

The mechanism of heat transfer enhancement of pulsating flow in a spiral fluted tube was researched by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software FLUENT. Numerical results showed that pulsating flow leads to cyclical fluctuation of outlet pressure and the extent of fluctuation increases with increasing the pulsating flow frequency. Moreover, the pulsating flowing causes whirlpools near the spiral flute and the vortices generate, drift, and fall off periodically. The optimum pulsating frequency in the spiral fluted tube is 6HZ and the optimum amplitude A is equal to 0.7 approximately when the Reynolds number is 1683.
Numerical Predication of Two-Phase Flow in Mixing Chamber of the Quick-Contact Cyclone Reactor
Authors: Zhang Yu Chun , Wang Zhen Bo , Jin You Hai
Published: June 2012

Gas-solid two-phase flow of the quick-contact cyclone reactor used in FCC was simulated with the multi fluid Eulerian model, especially the velocity field and volume fraction of solid in the mixing chamber was researched. The results show that flow pattern and catalyst particles concentration are non-uniform in the direction of axial, radial and tangential. The tangential gas admission increases turbulent intensity, it has a great benefit on spreading the catalyst particles uniformly, enhancing gas-solid contact effect. This work could offer a base for the structure optimization of the quick-contact reactor.
Numerical Simulations on Assembly Modifications for Annular Casing of One Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Fan Yi Zhang , Zuo Zhi Gang , Liu Shu Hong , Sha Yu Jun , Wu Yu Lin
Published: June 2012

Centrifugal pumps adopt annular casings instead of volute casings when working in high temperature and high pressure conditions, which results in conservative safety factors in sacrifice of hydraulic efficiency. This paper presents numerical simulations on two assembly modification methods for one annular casing imitating the volute casing to improve hydraulic performance. Method one was the eccentric axis method. Method two was the extended vane method. Numerical simulation results, given by CFX, showed that both the two method could increase the hydraulic efficiency and head while rise in radial force was small.
Research on Characteristics of Flow Field Inside Tangential Inlet Cyclone Separator by Orthogonal Design Method
Authors: Luan Yi Gang , Liu Peng Fei , Sun Hai Ou
Published: June 2012

The flow field inside cyclone separator is a kind of complex three-dimensional rotation turbulent flow with two-phase separation phenomenon. In order to optimize the structure and shorten the cycle of research and development, it is very essential to find the appropriate calculation method for the flow field inside cyclone separator. In this article, the internal flow field of tangential inlet cyclone separator was simulated and calculated by adopting different calculation model and different numerical simulation scheme by orthogonal design method. And the result was compared with that of existing experiment to find a reasonable method for the simulation of the flow field inside the cyclone. On the basis of standard k-ε model, the numerical simulation scheme was formulated by the orthogonal test method, through the comparison of results, the best combinations are gained; This research result has certain reference value for cyclone separator design and performance optimization.
Conceive on GSHP Applied in the Filed of Preventing Highway Surface Freezing and Reducing Disaster
Authors: Li Yan Zhao , Cai Qing Hua , Zhai Jin Ming , Guan Chang Sheng
Published: June 2012

In this paper, it is briefly introduced the present research situation about the technology of ground source heat pumps (GSHP) at home and abroad. It is described the basic advantages of GSHP technology. It is put forward the idea to apply the GSHP technology to the filed of preventing highway surface freezing and reducing disaster. It is pointed out that the main problems need to research when applying GSHP technology to prevent highway surface freezing and reduce disaster. It is also expected the broad application prospect of GSHP technology applying to the field of preventing highway surface freezing and reducing disaster.
Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Health Hazards and Protective Measures in Modern Society
Authors: Xing Jiang Yong
Published: June 2012

The discovery of electromagnetic waves and applications change the way people live in modern society, from the telephone, radio, TV to your computer, mobile phone, the electromagnetic wave for people to create a rich material life and spiritual life. Electromagnetic wave on the increasingly serious environmental pollution, electromagnetic radiation hazards on human health can not be ignored. Humans not only to continue to develop the application of electromagnetic waves, but recognize the dangers of electromagnetic radiation, to strengthen the protection, so that the electromagnetic waves more effectively for the benefit of mankind.
Environmental Factors on the Impact of Young People with Asthma in Northern Taiwan Coastal and Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Tsai Hsuan Chun , Hong Wei Chin , Yeh Chang Tsang
Published: June 2012

Keywords：CO、PM10、SO2 Abstract: This research is about environmental factors on the impact of young people with asthma in northern Taiwan coastal and metropolitan areas, study object and scope is base on the member and the environment of The Taipei Chenyuan high school junior high 52 asthma students and New Taipei City Tamshui Junior High School 75 asthma students. And base on the meteorological data published by the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan's Ministry of Transportation, capture the average temperature and pressure of the accumulated month of this study required. Data Collection and statistical analysis utilize the Zulliger Z Test and paired T-test. Research results the following conclusions: 1. School students in Taiwan coastal metropolitan areas are suffering from asthma is higher than the metropolitan areas of the students. 2. Environmental factors like CO, PM10 and SO2 in northern Taiwan coastal metropolitan areas, students are live in, is higher than the students of the Taipei metropolitan areas in which environmental factors.
The Petrochemical Park Fire Safety Planning Study Based on Fire Risk Analysis
Authors: Liu Xuan Ya
Published: June 2012

According to the chemical industrial parks current development trend in China, the fire risks, fire safety situations and the existing problems of petrochemical parks have been widely surveyed. And the main basic contents of chemical industrial parks fire safety planning are described in the paper. Through the researches on fire safety planning of chemical industry park and its evaluation system, based on the security planning of the chemical park, the fire safety planning methods and planning procedure to improve the petrochemical industrial park fire prevention levels are proposed on the basis of fire risk analysis.
A System Dynamic Model for the Environmental Performance Index of Malaysia
Authors: Kit Yok Margaret Chan , Wah Yap Bee , King Ting Siew , Hung Wong Mui , Lawai Elly
Published: June 2012

The Third Principle which is pertaining to the right to development in Agenda 21 of the Rio Declaration or Earth Summit asserts that it must be fulfilled so that development must be sustainable which has been defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need. Among the various models of environmental sustainability comparative studies was the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) model. Malaysia was ranked 54 recording a score of 65 and ranked 10 among the Asia and Pacific Countries behind two ASEAN countries: Singapore and Philippines. The environmental indicators from 2010 EPI was therefore used to develop the System Dynamics Simulation Model to provide the framework and procedure for qualitative and quantitative description, exploration and analysis of the systems in terms of their processes, information boundaries and strategies, facilitating quantitative simulation modeling for policy evaluation and predictions pertinent to sustainability. The System Dynamic Simulation Model developed for the EPI of Malaysia changed the static presentation to a dynamic scenario. Two very important components were considered: the contribution and the impact of population and the industrial activities indicated as the Industrial Productivity Index. The simulated EPI of 66.51 was shown to differ slightly from the EPI 2010 of 65 attributed to the inclusion of the population and the industrial production factors in the system dynamic model, in which the later study did not compute the EPI with respect to the two factors. Thus, the System Dynamic Simulation Model developed has shown to be reliable and be used for any country to simulate EPI for future trends.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Mining Development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Authors: Wang Zhong Hua , Jia Xin Yu
Published: June 2012

Environmental risk assessment in the mining resources development has to be assessed in terms of sustainability gap in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Consequently, this paper attempts to predict the amount of environmental risk and the subsequent economic impact on Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. For this reason, this paper aims to find the patterns of environmental risk that will lead to efficiency improvement in the entire mining industry. Through this study, major environmental problems of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been identified, and the environmental risk evaluation model and close value method is applied to the analysis of the environment of atmosphere, surface water, noise, surface destruction and coal wasting accumulation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that except noise, the environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region faces significant pressure and need to be acknowledged. It is urgent to develop energy-saving and energy-harvesting technologies for mining industrial sectors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Ecological Environment Evaluation of Liaohe Delta Wetland Based on PSR Model
Authors: Cheng Qian , Zhou Lin Fei , Zhang Yu Long
Published: June 2012

Liaohe Delta estuarine wetland is the largest estuarine wetland in northeast China, the article proposed eco-environmental evaluation indicators system for the wetland based on PSR model. By selecting indicators of pressure, state and response, we analyzed dynamic variations of the ecological environment and fragmentation status of the wetland. The results showed that the main pressure of the wetland is from agricultural production and urban expansion since 1988, which resulted in large-scale land reclamation, expansion of rice planting area and reduction of tidal flat areas. The internal structure and status of the wetland had experienced significant variations and the trend of fragmentation was evident. With negative effects of dwindling wetland resources, human-being’s reasonable response to the variations of wetland status should be in three aspects: scientific classification of functional zones, conversion of appropriate economic model and adjustment of the industrial structure. Thus achieve the coordination of ecological protection and industrial economic development.
Establishment and Application of BP Neural Network Prediction Model of Xinxue River Constructed Wetland, China Based on Data Expansion
Authors: Miao Qun , Gu Yu Ting , Xue Song , Wang Xi Peng , Bian Lei
Published: June 2012

Over the course of study the BPNN prediction model of Xinxue River constructed wetland, model boundary was found as an important restrict factor of model accuracy. In the paper data expansion was selected to solve this problem, and the extended data was used to re-built the prediction model, results showed that the performance of model was effectively improved.
Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Traffic Management and Control Measures
Authors: Hu Ying Ying , Zheng Peng Jun , Liu Gui Yun , McDonald Mike
Published: June 2012

This paper reported an evaluation study of CIVITAS II measures at 12 European cities from the perspective of environmental impacts. Subsets of comparable traffic management and control measures have been created and their environmental impacts evaluated using the indicators of fuel savings and emission reductions. The environmental impacts of these traffic management measures were focused in this paper, and it is found that some of the traffic management measures have positive effect on the environment.
Monetary Value Evaluation of Liaohe River Estuarine Wetland’s Ecosystem Service Function
Authors: Cheng Qian , Zhou Lin Fei , Zhang Yu Long
Published: June 2012

In order to achieve sustainable use of Liaohe River estuarine wetland ecosystems resources, this article calculated and analysed the monetary value of service functions for Liaohe River estuarine wetland. The wetland’s monetary value of service functions equals to direct use value plus indirect use value and non-use value. Using method of map data visual interpretation and the classification of functional zones, we identified nine main functions of wetland ecosystem services, classified the wetland’s functional zones. And the monetary value is calculated based on the functional zones with map data after visual interpretation. Conclusions can be made that the ecosystem service function's monetary value of Liaohe River estuarine wetland is a large amount, increasingly awareness on scientific conservation and development of resources should be taken into account.
Study on the Model of Limonite-TiO2 Combined Microspheres Photolysising Phenol in Source Water
Authors: Xia Hong Xia , Zhu Qi Hong
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the effect of Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres dosage,solution pH, reaction time,light intensity on the removal rate of phenol in source water.Based on the single factor experiment, the experimental conditions are optimized by quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design.The quadratic orthogonal regression model of removal rate of phenol(y) to four factors of Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres dosage(x1),pH(x2),reaction time (x3)and light intensity (x4) is established as Y=88.64+4.43X1+ 6.69X3+3.75X4-4.79X12-13.20X22-4.21X32-2.69X42+8.06X1X2-6.76X1X3-4.45X1X4.It can conclude from the model that when Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres dosage is 1.5583g,solution pH value is 4.5095,reaction time is 102.12min,light intensity is 1710.8（x10 lux）,the yield(y) reaches the maximal(95.83%) and consistent with the confirmatory experiment result..
The Application of Accumulative Constitution of Chu`s Design Art in Wuhan Regional Landscape Design
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: June 2012

The intensified procreation consciousness, colony consciousness and Magic consciousness of Chu`s barbarism culture appears as accumulative constitution in Chu`s design art that have chu culture characteristics . In Wuhan regional landscape design, designers have use of a large number of accumulative forms that include unordered accumulative constitution form, ramification accumulative constitution form, heterogeneity accumulative constitution form and frame accumulative constitution form.
The Impact of Environmental Assessment to the Reasonable Production Capacity of the Large Mine
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Dong Dong , Li Bin , Li Hai Feng
Published: June 2012

In order to solve the impact of environment on reasonable production capacity of large mine, analyzed the main factors of environmental pollution affecting the coal mines, illustrated the coordination and interaction of various subsystems of the industry ecosystem in chart and used the environmental quality assessment to determine the mine environment grading and partition, determine the reasonable capacity of the large mines within the bearing capacity of the environment, present environmental protection measures in different areas.
Variance of Atmosphere Dispersion Factor for Accident Release from Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Guo Rui Ping , Yang Chun Lin
Published: June 2012

The growing concern over the effect of atmosphere dispersion resulted from radioactive material was noticeable. This paper demonstrated the variance of atmosphere dispersion factor for accident release from nuclear power plant through running PAVAN (Atmospheric Dispersion of Radioactive Releases from Nuclear Power Plants) model. Also, we investigated the effect of release height (short for H) on atmosphere dispersion factor and compared the correlation between atmosphere dispersion factor and dispersion distance. Our results showed that atmosphere dispersion factor would descend with increased release height. As dispersion distance increasing, the tendency of atmosphere dispersion factor expressed complicated status caused by the difference of wind direction. It was illustrated that the phenomena was caused by the integrated action between the wind direction and release height. The probability distribution of atmosphere dispersion factor also validated that the distribution was depend on the wind direction. Probability analysis indicated that the atmosphere dispersion factor under H=100m was overall less than that under H=75m.
Numerical Simulation on Spreading Characteristic of Coach Fire
Authors: Yi Liang , Chen Jie
Published: June 2012

The aim of this work is to study the burning characteristics of coach fire. With application of computational fluid dynamics (FDS software package), coach fires caused by arson are simulated under different ventilation conditions. Variation of heat release rate (HRR) and distribution of temperature are analyzed. Peak heat release rate of coach fire caused by arson in passenger carriage can reach about 24 MW and maximum temperature in the carriage is over 1000 °C. Results of this study can be referred for fire protection and rescue design of coach.
Study and Entironmental Impact Evaluation on an Expanding Project of Coal Mine
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: June 2012

To asses entironmental feasibility of Expanding and Improving Project on Xihe Coal Mine (EIPXCM) and predict it’s influence on entironment, according to related regulations and technical features of the project, prediction models and parameters of surface movement and deformation were determined. Its influence evaluation was down. The results shows that the largest value of ground subsidence in whole mine field is 1.219 m, and corresponding affected scope of surface movement and deformation is 42673 m2. Then the appraisals of entironmental impact on land sink, soil erosion, land occupation, biomass loss, wild animals and landscape ecology were done. The results indicates that only a little land occupied, there will not be big change on regional landscape situation and the project will affect ecosystem very little. Finally, relieving measures of entironmental influence were proponed. Therefore, on the conditions of taking proponed measures, this project is feasible from the point of view of entironment.
Research on Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Model of Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Wen Yong , Chen Nan , Ma Xiao Juan
Published: June 2012

The urban agglomeration is the area with industrial centralization, dense population and vehicles collecting, which is the heavily air polluted place but also the place with demand of hi-quality atmosphere. The only condition to assure the city clusters in sustainable development is that the economy and the environment shall be advanced in coordination, i.e. the economy shall be kept fast developing while the air quality shall satisfy the citizen’s healthy existence and the biologic balance. The basic measure to realize such condition is to control the total amount of pollutants discharged not exceed the atmospheric environmental capacity(AEC) ,in short, implementing the capacity total quantity control(CTQC).so calculate the value of atmospheric environmental capacity is very important. On account that this thesis has considered comprehensively the relations among ambient air quality to come up to national ambient air quality standard(NAAQS), the investment for controlling the pollution and the loss by contamination hazard, an optimized atmospheric environmental capacity model is established with the bi-objective functions of least investment for controlling the pollution and loss by contamination hazard as well as the restricting condition is atmospheric environmental quality meet the NAAQS. Taking the northern urban agglomeration in Leshan City as an example we have calculated the actual SO2 atmospheric environmental capacity and provided an instance for the model’s promotion of application.
The Application of Artifical Neural Network in the Groundwater Quality Assessment in Industrial Park Catchment
Authors: Yu Fu Rong , Liu Zhong Pei
Published: June 2012

Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is an effective method of data analysis and way of processing, which is widely used. In the article BP artificial neural network was used to set up groundwater quality assessment model in Industrial Park Catchment. The matlab toolbox was used to calculate it, and the result was satisfactory. The results of the study show that BP artificial neural network in the appraisal of water quality has the advantages of simplicity and practical.
The Comparison Study of Lake Carbon Flux in Summer and Autumn at Northern Grass-Type Lake-Baiyangdian
Authors: Dong Wei , Shu Jian Min , He Ping , Ma Guang Wen
Published: June 2012

The lake carbon circle is an important part of regional carbon circle research. The lake ecosystem is the important carbon storeroom in the earth, it absorbs a mass of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, and transforms carbon dioxide to organically carbon, and then the lake has traits of abundant carbon reserves and heavy carbon density. As the especial geographical place and upper productivity, the lake has significant role in carbon circle. By now, there is clear acquaintanceship of greenhouse effect problem, especial we have qualitative and quantificational understanding of ocean carbon circle primary. But we have a little research of lake carbon circle and carbon flux. There are many lakes in China, so it is crucial meaning to study lake carbon circle. In this paper, the improved Static Chamber and Li8100 that used to monitor soil Carbon Flux are introduced. Through continuously monitoring from July to November 2010, in northern Grass-type Lake-Baiyangdian demonstration , a series of conclusion are concluded about lake Carbon Flux : the day-variation of Carbon Fluxes chenged significantly, and varying followed time and temperature, the highest Carbon Flux is consistent to the highest temperature; the rule of day-variation is similar to aforesaid the three months(except special days), but Carbon Fluxes are not same, August>October> November.
The Environment Variation and Analysis of Wuliangsuhai Wetland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Authors: Yu Rui Hong , Liu Ting Xi , Shang Meng He
Published: June 2012

Wuliangsuhai wetland located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is selected as the study area to analyze the wetland environment variation of Inner Mongolia plateau. According to the growing conditions of water plants and the differences of water depth, the Wuliangsuhai wetland is divided into six typical areas, i.e. open water area, dense water weed area, reed area, swamp area, shallow water area and artificial reed area. The evolution trends and reasons of the six typical areas in terms of the variation of wetland characteristics are analyzed by using the Landsat TM/ETM data, the historical data and in-situ survey data. In addition, through the optimization comparison of multiple wave-band reflection combination, the regression equation of the water depth and wave band reflection combination of TM3, TM2 and TM1 is established based on the remote sensing principles, and the biological materials filling process is studied in detail. The purpose of the study is to find out the eutrophication control theory and technique measures. Due to the similar geographical and climatic conditions, the study results of Wuliangsuhai wetland could be expanded to other wetlands of Inner Mongolia plateau.
The Microbial Factor of Travertine Deposition between Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA and Huanglong Scenic, Sichuan
Authors: Li Qiong Fang , Dong Fa Qin , Dai Qun Wei , Huo Ting Ting , An De Jun , Tang Shu
Published: June 2012

Yellow Stone National Park (YNP), USA, is well-known as its glorious travertine geomorphology as well as Huanglong National Scenic District in Sichuan, China. But there were some difference between them. The travertine deposition of YNP were formed from geothermal activity, meanwhile Huanglong Scenic District is located in high attitude and cold area and the travertine deposition appeared in the cold water. With the increasing attention to global carbon cycle, origin of life and the life action in the extreme environment, the geothermal travertine formation origin and mechanism were focused by the scientists from different field. The research plan was also a part of “the Mars project”. The reason was that the Mars’s surface environment is similar to that of the ancient Earth. This article reviewed the research results of the microbiology diversity, community structure and distribution, function gene and special microbial carbon metabolism passway in the hot spring of YNP. We also summarized the biological factor in the process of the travertine deposition of YNP. After comparing the research progress on the travertine deposition between YNP and Huanglong Scenic District, we put foreword the further strategy to understand the biological effect on the travertine deposition of Huanglong Scenic District.
An Environment Vibration Energy Harvester with Dumb-Bell Type Statically Indeterminate Bimorph
Authors: Xue Huan , Ge Rui , Li Rong Feng
Published: June 2012

Remote micro-sensors and embedded microelectronic devices develops rapidly resent years due to the arisen net of things and increasing civil, medical or military applications. In order to solve the root stress concentration problem in traditional piezoelectric harvester and enhance the power harvesting efficiency, a new type of harvester with dumb-bell shape statically indeterminate bimorph is developed. Numerical results shows that the driving force is borne by both two ends and the root stress is decrease a lot with the statically indeterminate set. The dumb-bell structure not only makes sure the root strength, but also saves the space at middle whose stress is comparatively small. So the new type of energy harvester can enhance its fatigue life at the same time keep its output power at a high level.
MMP Prediction for CO2 Flood Based on Analytical Calculation
Authors: Li Ju , Liao Chang Lin , Li Shi
Published: June 2012

CO2injection processes are among the effective methods for enhanced oil recovery. A key parameter in the design of CO2injection project is the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), whereas local displacement efficiency from CO2injection is highly dependent on the MMP(Eissa M.2007).This paper predict the CO2–oil MMP(Minimum miscibility pressure)for the pure CO2streams based on analytical calculation. We find the sequence of the component disappearance in calculation of crossover tie lines is a key issue that wills influent the result of MMP prediction. Here we make a correction for the conventional principal. By this method, we predict the MMP of some crude oil samples coming from CHINA. Our predict result is closed to the result measured by slim tube apparatus, the accurate of prediction has been greatly improved.
A Novel Illegal Logging Monitoring System Based on WSN
Authors: Wang Shu Feng , Wang Kai Yi , Wang Xin Jiang , Liu Zhong Qiang
Published: June 2012

Illegal logging is a pervasive problem due to lack of effective monitoring methods. A novel wireless method for illegal logging is proposed which leverage the RSSI ranging and communication of WSN and GPRS. The node displacement incurred by tree’s falling down can be detected in time. Furthermore, failure of target node can be judged with its neighbor cooperation. The effectiveness and efficiency of this system was verified in our test-bed. Thus this solution has several characteristics such as lower power, remote, lower cost, real-time and non-intrusive，which are very appropriate to protect rare trees continuously.
A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff from Farmland under Wheat-Rice Rotation in Nansi Lake Basin
Authors: Liu Jing , Lu Feng , Yang Yan Zhao
Published: June 2012

Field runoff pools were used to collect the surface runoff samples of wheat-rice rotation in Nansi Lake region, and different forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) data were analyzed. The average runoff concentrations, losses, and characteristic ratios of N and P were studied. The average runoff concentrations of TN and TP in wheat–rice rotation were 0.87–7.94 and 0.08–0.81, respectively. The characteristic ratios of N and P were also observed. And the characteristic ratios of NO3--N, NH4+-N, DP, and PO43--P were 45.03%, 17.55%, 71.43%, and 54.01% in wheat–rice rotation, respectively.
The Preparation of Na2CO3-Active Carbon and its Adsorption Behavior for Phenol
Authors: Chen Feng , Ni Fang Ming , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2012

In order to develop high-performance carbon, the orthogonal test was used to optimize the conditions of modification. Meanwhile,the carbon as a carrier was modified with sodium carbonate solution under the optimal conditions.The amount of total surface acidic functional groups and BET surface were determined. And the adsorption behavior for phenol was inspected.The results show that under the conditions of Na2CO3 concentration of 1.5mol/l, soaking time of 2h, activated time of 3h and activated temperature of 500°C, the best removal rate could be obtained, the adsorption of phenol was155.83mg/g and improved 69.33% than the unmodified carbon’s. The BET surface of modified activated was 971.78m2/g and improved 4.44% than the unmodified carbon’s, the amount of total surface acidic functional groups reduced but the alkaline enhanced. Both Freundlich and Langmuir model of sorption isotherms could reflect the adsorption behavior of modified activated carbon for phenol, while the Freundlich model was more properly.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to the Assessment Environmental Quality of Urban Wetland in Northeast China
Authors: Li Ji Guang , Ren Yi Bin , Wang Qi Shuo , Tian Shuang Qi , He Ji Wei , Wang He , Lu Xian Guo , Ren Nan Qi
Published: June 2012

North shore of Songhua river is the major development zone in carrying out the program of enlarging urban areas along river regions in Harbin. In this paper, the authors regard urban wetland of Harbin in north shore of Songhua river as the research object, B-P artificial neural network is applied to build the assessment model of the eco-environmental quality. The authors take 6 factors for samples to be evaluated, the well –trained network is used to assess eco-environmental quality, The overall evaluation result being indicates that overall ecological environment mass of wetland in north shore of Songhua river is with difficulty qualified (0.6116), and by investigation and analysis, it turns out that the assessing results accord well with the actual situation, and provides the theory basis for the urban wetland healthy development. At the same time, applying artificial neural network model to wetland ecological environment quality evaluation, specifically for different ecosystem increasing network secret node or lays numbers come rise neural networks learning ability and train effect.
Application of Self-Adaptive Exponential Smoothing Method in the Water Quality Forecast of Poyang Lake
Authors: Liu Bin Xiang , Cao Qun , Cheng Xiang
Published: June 2012

The smoothing parameter is a constant when forecasting water quality using exponential smoothing, which usually renders the error to be enlarged, but the assumption of constant is out of accord with the practice. Based on the deep analysis of deficiency of traditional exponential smoothing, this paper establishes self-adaptive exponential smoothing model and compares the forecast result. It is proved that the dynamic characteristic of water quality can be better reflected and the forecasting precision can be improved further by self-adaptive exponential smoothing model.
Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Lu Sheng Li , Gao Qing Yun , Tian Yan Yan , Liu Mei Ling
Published: June 2012

The atmospheric environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is made up of embedded gateway, sensor nodes and monitoring centre. Sensor node is composed of various sensors meeting the standards for environmental monitoring, ATmega16 microcontroller as a core and ZigBee wireless communication module used to send the acquisition data to the embedded gateway which runs Linux operating system in the S3C2440A embedded microprocessor. Atmospheric environmental monitoring center receives the environmental data uploaded by the embedded gateway and stores them in the database designed with Access 2007, and provides the function as data query based on VC.
Determination of Nonylphenol and Octylphenol in Seawater Samples Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Procedures Coupled to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ping Xian Yin , Zhuang Hui Sheng
Published: June 2012

The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique with on-fiber derivatization coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was evaluated for the analysis of technical nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP). The optimization of operating conditions influencing the performances of SPME and derivatization were studied in detail. The optimised method was linear over the range studied and showed good level of precision, with a RSD lower than 10% and detection limits at and 0.003 μgL−1for OP and 0.032μgL−1for NP, respectively. The results obtained from different seawater samples revealed the presence of the target compounds, at levels ranging between 0.034 and 0.186 μgL−1.