bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-driven modelling with coarse-grid network models
Authors: Lie Knut-Andreas , Krogstad Stein
Published: August 2023

We propose to use a conventional simulator, formulated on the topology of a coarse volumetric 3D grid, as a data-driven network model that seeks to reproduce observed and predict future well responses. The conceptual difference from standard history matching is that the tunable network parameters are calibrated freely without regard to the physical interpretation of their calibrated values. The simplest version uses a minimal rectilinear mesh covering the assumed map outline and base/top surface of the reservoir. The resulting CGNet models fit immediately in any standard simulator and are very fast to evaluate because of the low cell count. We show that surprisingly accurate network models can be developed using grids with a few tens or hundreds of cells. Compared with similar interwell network models (e.g., Ren et al., 2019, 10.2118/193855-MS), a typical CGNet model has fewer computational cells but a richer connection graph and more tunable parameters. In our experience, CGNet models therefore calibrate better and are simpler to set up to reflect known fluid contacts, etc. For cases with poor vertical connection or internal fluid contacts, it is advantageous if the model has several horizontal layers in the network topology. We also show that starting with a good ballpark estimate of the reservoir volume is a precursor to a good calibration.
A Systematic Review on Students’ Perceptions of Self-Assessment: Usefulness and Factors Influencing Implementation
Authors: Yan Zi , Panadero Ernesto , Wang Xiang , Zhan Ying
Published: August 2023

Students are the central agent in self-assessment; therefore, their perceptions are crucial for successful self-assessment. Despite the increasing number of empirical studies exploring how students perceive self-assessment, systematic reviews synthesising students’ perceptions of self-assessment and relating them to self-assessment implementation are scarce. This review covered 44 eligible studies and synthesised findings related to two key aspects of students’ perceptions of self-assessment: (1) usefulness of self-assessment; and (2) factors influencing their implementation of self-assessment. The results revealed inconclusive findings regarding students’ perceived usefulness of self-assessment. Although most studies reported a generally positive perception of self-assessment among students, some studies revealed students’ skepticism about its usefulness. Usefulness was influenced by specific individual factors (i.e., gender, age, and educational level) and instructional factors (i.e., external feedback, use of instruments, and self-assessment purpose). Additionally, implementation was influenced by specific individual factors (i.e., perceived usefulness, affective attitude, self-efficacy, important others, and psychological safety) and instructional factors (i.e., practice and training, external feedback, use of instruments, and environmental support). The findings of this review contribute to a better understanding of students’ perceptions of self-assessment and shed light on the design and implementation of meaningful self-assessment activities that cater to students’ learning needs.
Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Kritikos Alexander S. , Rodríguez Daniel , Stier Claudia
Published: August 2023

Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.
Tristetraprolin overexpression drives hematopoietic changes in young and middle-aged mice generating dominant mitigating effects on induced inflammation in murine models
Authors: Tanaka-Yano Mayuri , Zong Le , Park Bongsoo , Yanai Hagai , Tekin-Turhan Ferda , Blackshear Perry J. , Beerman Isabel
Published: August 2023

Tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by Zfp36 in mice, is one of the best-characterized tandem zinc-finger mRNA binding proteins involved in mRNA deadenylation and decay. TTPΔARE mice lack an AU-rich motif in the 3′-untranslated regions of TTP mRNA, leading to increased TTP mRNA stability and more TTP protein, resulting in elevated mRNA decay rates of TTP targets. We examined the effect of TTP overexpression on the hematopoietic system in both young and middle-aged mice using TTPΔARE mice and found alterations in blood cell frequencies, with loss of platelets and B220 cells and gains of eosinophils and T cells. TTPΔARE mice also have skewed primitive populations in the bone marrow, with increases in myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but decreases in granulocyte/macrophage-biased multipotent progenitors (MPP3) in both young and middle-aged mice. Changes in the primitive cells’ frequencies were associated with transcriptional alterations in the TTP overexpression cells specific to age as well as cell type. Regardless of age, there was a consistent elevation of transcripts regulated by TNFα and TGFβ signaling pathways in both the stem and multipotent progenitor populations. HSCs with TTP overexpression had decreased reconstitution potential in murine transplants but generated hematopoietic environments that mitigated the inflammatory response to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) challenge, which models rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This dampening of the inflammatory response was even present when there was only a small frequency of TTP overexpressing cells present in the middle-aged mice. We provide an analysis of the early hematopoietic compartments with elevated TTP expression in both young and middle-aged mice which inhibits the reconstitution potential of the HSCs but generates a hematopoietic system that provides dominant repression of induced inflammation.
Sustainable management in the slow fashion industry: carbon footprint of an Italian brand
Authors: de Albuquerque Landi Fabiana Frota , Fabiani Claudia , Pioppi Benedetta , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Environmental impacts associated with the fashion industry concern society and require commitment to sustainable development goals from leading companies. The role of the luxury sector in setting trends and negotiating power within the supply chain can lead this industry towards sustainability. This study constructs a comprehensive operational flux inventory attributed to an Italian luxury garment brand, aiming to investigate and propose feasible strategies to reduce potential impacts coupled with their products.

Methods

Under the operational control criteria, a whole year of activities was tracked using mainly primary data from its management system. According to ISO 14064–1:2019, potential greenhouse gas emissions were classified, organized, and processed into six categories. The analysis, at the company level, covered the product’s complete life cycle, i.e., from cradle to the grave. The ecoinvent database considered preferentially local geography, and the cut-off system approach, therefore assigning emissions to the primary user.

Results and discussion

Results showed that the only unit in central Italy where the headquarter is located (excluding retail stores), producing 485,193 women’s clothing in a year, emitted 9804 t CO2 eq. Most of these impacts (69% or 6752 t CO2 eq) can be associated with indirect emissions related to raw products and materials, and about 93% of this amount results from the high-quality products used by the company. Transportation represents 14% of the total emissions, while the use phase accounts for about 13%. As a final step, six different mitigation scenarios were proposed and analyzed by focusing on non-core production activities, i.e., upstream, and downstream operations, and consumers’ habits. Once combined, these strategies can potentially reduce by about 25% the study case company overall emissions.

Conclusions

As a conclusion, exploring possible alternatives through environmental assessment tools can support strategies for achieving impact reduction. While aggressive changes can be done in non-core activities with excellent results, changes perceived by the customers can also be well desired to mark innovation and advances in the business mindset.
Suitability of DNN-based vessel segmentation for SIRT planning
Authors: Kock Farina , Thielke Felix , Abolmaali Nasreddin , Meine Hans , Schenk Andrea
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The segmentation of the hepatic arteries (HA) is essential for state-of-the-art pre-interventional planning of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), a treatment option for malignant tumors in the liver. In SIRT a catheter is placed through the aorta into the tumor-feeding hepatic arteries, injecting small beads filled with radiation emitting material for local radioembolization. In this study, we evaluate the suitability of a deep neural network (DNN) based vessel segmentation for SIRT planning.

Methods

We applied our DNN-based HA segmentation on 36 contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans from the arterial contrast agent phase and rated its segmentation quality as well as the overall image quality. Additionally, we applied a traditional machine learning algorithm for HA segmentation as comparison to our deep learning (DL) approach. Moreover, we assessed by expert ratings whether the produced HA segmentations can be used for SIRT planning.

Results

The DL approach outperformed the traditional machine learning algorithm. The DL segmentation can be used for SIRT planning in $$61\%$$

61
%

of the cases, while the reference segmentations, which were manually created by experienced radiographers, are sufficient in $$75\%$$

75
%

. Seven DL cases cannot be used for SIRT planning while the corresponding reference segmentations are sufficient. However, there are two DL segmentations usable for SIRT, where the reference segmentations for the same cases were rated as insufficient.

Conclusions

HA segmentation is a difficult and time-consuming task. DL-based methods have the potential to support and accelerate the pre-interventional planning of SIRT therapy.
Uniqueness of solutions in multivariate Chebyshev approximation problems
Authors: Roshchina Vera , Sukhorukova Nadezda , Ugon Julien
Published: August 2023

We study the solution set to multivariate Chebyshev approximation problem, focussing on the ill-posed case when the uniqueness of solutions can not be established via strict polynomial separation. We obtain an upper bound on the dimension of the solution set and show that nonuniqueness is generic for ill-posed problems on discrete domains. Moreover, given a prescribed set of points of minimal and maximal deviation we construct a function for which the dimension of the set of best approximating polynomials is maximal for any choice of domain. We also present several examples that illustrate the aforementioned phenomena, demonstrate practical application of our results and propose a number of open questions.
Multipliers on Spaces of Holomorphic Functions
Authors: Trybuła Maria
Published: August 2023

We consider multipliers on the space of holomorphic functions of one variable $$H(\Omega ),\,\Omega \subset \mathbb {C}$$

H
(
Ω
)
,

Ω
⊂
C

open, that is, linear continuous operators for which all monomials are eigenvectors. If zero belongs to $$\Omega $$
Ω
and $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a domain these operators are just multipliers on the sequences of Taylor coefficients at zero. In particular, Hadamard multiplication operators are multipliers. In the case of Runge open sets we represent all multipliers via a kind of multiplicative convolutions with analytic functionals and characterize the corresponding sequences of eigenvalues as moments of suitable analytic functionals. We also identify which topology should be put on the subspace of analytic functionals in order for that isomorphism to become a topological isomorphism, when the space of multipliers inherits the topology of uniform convergence on bounded sets from the space of all endomorphisms on $$H(\Omega )$$

H
(
Ω
)

. We provide one more representation of multipliers via suitable germs of holomorphic functions with Laurent or Taylor coefficients equal to the eigenvalues of the operator. We also discuss a special case, namely, when $$\Omega $$
Ω
is convex.
Proteomic Analysis of the Amygdala Reveals Dynamic Changes in Glutamate Transporter-1 During Progression of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Pain Aversion
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Yuerong , Xu Yunyun , Ni Wenqin , Lin Chalian , Shao Xiaomei , Shen Zui , He Xiaofen , Wang Chao , Fang Jianqiao
Published: August 2023

Pain sufferer usually show an aversion to the environment associated with pain, identified as pain aversion. The amygdala, an almond-shaped limbic structure in the medial temporal lobe, exerts a critical effect on emotion and pain formation. However, studies on inflammatory pain-induced aversion are still relatively limited, and the available evidence is not enough to clarify its inherent mechanisms. Proteomics is a high-throughput, comprehensive, and objective study method that compares the similarities and differences of protein expression under different conditions to screen potential targets. The current study aimed to identify potential pivotal proteins in the amygdala of rats after complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain aversion via proteomics analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the amygdala during different periods of pain aversion. Thirteen proteins were found to be different between the day 2 and day 15 groups. Among the 13 differentially expressed proteins, Q8R64 denotes GLT-1, which utilises synaptic glutamate to remain optimal extracellular glutamic levels, thereby preventing accumulation in the synaptic cleft and consequent excitotoxicity. The variation in GLT-1 expression was correlated with the variation tendency of pain aversion, which implies a potential link between the modulation of pain aversion and the excitability of glutamatergic neurons. This study demonstrated that exposure to inflammatory pain results in aversion induced from pain, leading to extensive biological changes in the amygdala.
SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for high-grade gliomas of adulthood (2022)
Authors: Segura Pedro Pérez , Quintela Noelia Vilariño , García María Martínez , del Barco Berrón Sonia , Sarrió Regina Gironés , Gómez Jesús García , Castaño Almudena García , Martín Luis Miguel Navarro , Rubio Oscar Gallego , Losada Estela Pineda
Published: August 2023

High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common primary brain malignancies and account for more than half of all malignant primary brain tumors. The new 2021 WHO classification divides adult HGG into four subtypes: grade 3 oligodendroglioma (1p/19 codeleted, IDH-mutant); grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma; grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and grade 4 IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CTX) are the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed HGG. Several clinically relevant molecular markers that assist in diagnosis and prognosis have recently been identified. The treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas is not well defined and decision-making is usually based on prior strategies, as well as several clinical and radiological factors. Whereas the prognosis for GB is grim (5-year survival rate of 5–10%) outcomes for the other high-grade gliomas are typically better, depending on the molecular features of the tumor. The presence of neurological deficits and seizures can significantly impact quality of life.
Quasicrystals at high pressures and temperatures: a review
Authors: Stagno Vincenzo , Bindi Luca
Published: August 2023

We summarize the results of studies on quasicrystals (QCs) at extreme conditions over the last 4 decades with particular emphasis for compositions falling in the Al-based ternary system as the closest to those of quasicrystals discovered in nature, such as icosahedrite and decagonite. We show that, in contrast with what thought in the past, both pressure and temperature act to stabilize QCs, for which a clear phase transition to either crystalline approximants or amorphous material has been limited to very few compositions only. Such stabilization is proved by the compressibility behavior of QCs that resembles that of the pure constituent metals. Additional remarks come from the experimental observation of QC formation at high pressure and temperature in both static and dynamic experiments. These results seem, in conclusion, to suggest that the occurrence of QCs in nature might be more a rule rather than an exception.
Archaeological science, globalisation, and local agency: gold in Great Zimbabwe
Authors: Vieri Jasmine , Chirikure Shadreck , Lane Paul , Martinón-Torres Marcos
Published: August 2023

Great Zimbabwe (CE1000–1600) is world famous for outstanding cultural innovations and localised and globalised entanglement with trans-Africa and trans-Indian Ocean exchange. New excavations yielded fragments of over a hundred gold processing vessels comprising reused pottery and purpose-made crucibles from stratified contexts in the Eastern Ridge Ruins and adjacent areas. Selected samples were studied using archaeological, microscopic, and compositional (SEM–EDS) techniques. All ceramics were made of alumina-rich clays and contain minerals common to granite-derived lithologies typical of the area, although it is possible that particularly refractory clays were selected to make crucibles locally. These technical ceramics were used for refining and collecting gold at high temperature, most likely producing not only relatively standardised ingots but also finished objects. The composition of the gold prills set in crucible slag is consistent with that of natural, unalloyed gold, while the variability in silver levels and minor impurities point to heterogeneous sources of the gold. Considering these finds in their multiple site and regional contexts, and together with complementary threads of information from early reports of antiquarians and looters, we argue that local agency and gold consumption were much more significant than generally assumed. The conclusion to the paper is that Great Zimbabwe’s famous participation in local and global exchanges was backed by internally driven but improvisation laden production and consumption occurring in homesteads located throughout its various settlements. We end by raising a word of caution about oversimplified narratives of globalisation and their archaeological expressions (see Supplementary Material S0 for the abstract in Shona).
Food systems transformation, animal-source foods consumption, inequality, and nutrition in Myanmar
Authors: Scott Jessica M. , Belton Ben , Mahrt Kristi , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Bogard Jessica R.
Published: August 2023

This study traces the consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) during a period of rapid economic change and food system transformation in Myanmar. We use data from two nationally representative consumption surveys conducted in 2010 and 2015 and food composition tables to estimate the contributions of ASF to estimated average requirements (EARs) of key nutrients among population subgroups differentiated by geography and economic status. We find: (1) Little change in the average quantity of ASF consumed per individual, but substantial changes in the composition of the ASF consumed. (2) Increasing rural–urban and income-linked inequality in quantities of ASF and associated nutrients consumed. (3) Declines in the adequacy of intakes of five out of eight micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, thiamine, vitamin B12) and small increases in two (selenium and vitamin A), due to the changing composition of ASF; most importantly, reductions in the supply of diverse aquatic foods from capture fisheries and increasing availability of intensively reared chicken. (4) Elevated levels of ASF-derived total fat and sodium consumption among better-off consumers, suggesting an emerging triple burden of malnutrition. We review the implications of these results for food security, nutrition-sensitive policies and interventions beyond Myanmar.
Prognostic value of the combined preoperative plasma fibrinogen and systemic inflammatory indexes in ESCC patients
Authors: Cao Honggang , Shi Hongtai , Zhao Miaomiao , Liu Zhenhua , Qian Jun
Published: August 2023

The prognostic indexes based on the combination of preoperative fibrinogen and systemic inflammatory indexes may have greater predictive value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It was found that the predictive ability of F-NLR was more valuable than other systemic inflammatory indexes. The preoperative F-NLR score was closely related to the TNM stage, and could be used as an important independent prognostic index for patients with ESCC. Then the nomogram model constructed by F-NLR and TNM stage had higher prognostic ability than that of AJCC stage for ESCC patients. Preoperative F-NLR is a new independent prognostic index and a potential marker for treatment response monitoring in patients with ESCC.
Association between comorbid diabetes mellitus and mortality of patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Du Qingxia , Yin Xuelian , Zhao Hong , Li Jiebin , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2023

Objective

Although diabetes patients have a higher propensity to develop infection and sepsis, it is still controversial whether the mortality of sepsis patients is affected by diabetes (DM). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between diabetes and mortality in patients with sepsis.

Methods

We comprehensively searched for relevant studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database from January 2000 to December 2021. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. We used random-effects modeling to calculate the summary of risk ratios and confidence interval (CI) of mortality. Study quality was assessed using NOS score, and publication bias was assessed using Egger’s statistic.

Results

A total of 23 studies were included in the analyses, comprising 14,521,791 septic patients, including 2,866,429 DM patients. We stratified the in-hospital mortality data by duration for 30 days, 90 day, and mixed days. Meta-analysis of 23 studies showed slightly increased overall mortality among the patients with DM (RR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.00 − 1.25; I2 96.1%; p = 0.000) by pooling of all data in the random effects model. Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase either in 30-day mortality (RR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.97–1.18; I2 0.0%; p 0.963), 90-day mortality (RR, 1.00; 95% CI 0.95–1.07; I2 0.0%; p = 0.735), or mixed-day mortality (RR, 1.16; CI 0.98–1.37; I2 97.9%; p = 0.000). The quality of the included studies was good, and the median NOS score was 7.1 (range, 6–9).

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis of studies suggests that DM does slightly increase sepsis overall mortality, however with statistical heterogeneity. Due to the limitations of the analysis, more well-designed clinical studies are still necessary in future.
Alternative methods to synthetic chemical control of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. A systematic review
Authors: Soares Pedro Ribeiro , Galhano Cristina , Gabriel Rosalina
Published: August 2023

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is one of the worst agricultural weeds and invasive species in the world, being widely established in many countries. Despite its impact on agriculture and the growing awareness of authorities and consumers about the consequences of synthetic herbicides, alternative control methods for this weed have been poorly reviewed. A systematic review of the literature published over the last 50 years was used to assess the most studied control methods of C. dactylon (excluding synthetic herbicides) and to summarize the trends and knowledge gaps. The major findings are as follows: (1) the number of publications that studied alternative methods to synthetic chemical control in C. dactylon management has been increasing exponentially since 1972; (2) most of the studies were made under controlled conditions (57%) and lack observations under real production conditions; (3) most of the field experiments were carried out in Asia (42%), under temperate subtropical and arid climates; (4) the publication of articles studying allelopathy stands out significantly (50% of the papers found), with two species from the Poaceae family, rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), showing very high allelopathic inhibitory effects (often above 80%), especially under open field conditions; and (5) preventive soil tillage is the most studied treatment among indirect weed control treatments, and although there is a high risk of propagation, the results indicate that tillage can significantly contribute to control C. dactylon, when compared to no-tillage treatments. Further research is needed to optimize treatments and methods so that they can be applied by farmers under real production conditions.
Transitionspsychiatrische Bedürfnisse und Identitätsentwicklung von Adoleszenten in Tirol
Authors: Kunczicky Kerstin , Jahnke-Majorkovits Ann-Christin , Sevecke Kathrin
Published: August 2023

Grundlagen

Durch die strukturelle Trennung der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen und der erwachsenenpsychiatrischen Behandlung ist ein Wechsel zwischen diesen beiden System mit Erreichen des 18. Lebensjahres vorgesehen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung eines organisierten Übergangs (Transition) wurden Patient:innen im Transitionsalter ab 17 Jahren zu ihren Transitionsbedürfnissen und Aspekten ihrer Identitätsentwicklung befragt. Dadurch sollen zukünftige Verbesserungen der Versorgungsstrukturen in dieser sensiblen Phase abgeleitet werden.

Methodik

Mit Hilfe des Transition Readiness and Appropriateness Measure (TRAM) wurden die transitionsspezifischen Bedürfnisse der 17- bis 24-jährigen Patient:innen (N = 39) der Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie in Hall in Tirol befragt. Außerdem wurde anhand des Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA) der Zusammenhang der Identitätsentwicklung und der Transition untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Knapp 80 % der befragten Patient:innen gaben einen weiteren Versorgungsbedarf an. Als Barrieren bezüglich der Transitionsbereitschaft wurden „patientenbezogene Faktoren“ als auch die „Unterstützung durch die Familie“ beschrieben. Zwischen der Identitätsentwicklung und der Transitionsbereitschaft bzw. dem -bedarf wurde ein signifikanter Zusammenhang gefunden (r = 0,431, p < 0,01), wobei dieser auf den Transitionsbedarf bezogen, stärker ausgeprägt war (r = 0,821 p < 0,01). Außerdem gaben die Betroffenen an, häufig und stark durch Stress belastet zu sein, 45 % berichteten von selbstverletzendem Verhalten, 48 % von Suizidgedanken bzw. -verhalten in den letzten sechs Monaten. Hinsichtlich der Psychopathologie zählten Ängste und Depressionen zu den häufigsten Symptomen. In der Beeinträchtigung des Funktionsniveaus war vor allem der Bereich „Beziehungen“ am stärksten betroffen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Untersuchung liefert erste Erkenntnisse zu den transitionsspezifischen Merkmalen und Bedürfnissen von Patient:innen im Transitionsalter. Eine Integration von standardisierten Messinstrumenten in institutionelle Versorgungssysteme, die die transitionsbezogenen Bedürfnisse, die Transitionsbereitschaft und den -bedarf von jungen Menschen im Transitionsalter individuell erfassen, kann eine zielgerichtete und bedürfnissgerechte Behandlung bzw. Transition erleichtern. Auch eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie sowie eine kontinuierliche Überführung der therapeutischen Beziehungen im Transitionsprozess sollten standardisiert gewährleistet werden.
Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents
Authors: Mousavi Zahra , Troxel Wendy M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose of Review

Poor sleep health in adolescence has long-lasting, and adverse effects on many aspects of health and functioning. Multiple factors impact sleep in adolescence including individual and family-level factors. However, early school start times are the one policy-level, and possibly the most salient environmental factor that constrains adolescent sleep at a population level.

Recent Findings

Delaying school start times could be an effective strategy to promote sleep health and consequently, functioning, and physical and mental health among adolescents. Growing evidence suggests that adolescents at later-starting schools sleep longer on weekdays, have higher attendance and graduation rates, and fewer mental health symptoms compared to their peers at earlier-starting schools.

This paper reviews a summary of recent key findings and discusses future steps in translating the school start time research into policy.
Multi-scale attention-based lightweight network with dilated convolutions for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Li Fuquan , Zhou Yonghui , Chen YanLi , Li Jie , Dong ZhiCheng , Tan Mian
Published: August 2023

Infrared and visible image fusion aims to generate synthetic images including salient targets and abundant texture details. However, traditional techniques and recent deep learning-based approaches have faced challenges in preserving prominent structures and fine-grained features. In this study, we propose a lightweight infrared and visible image fusion network utilizing multi-scale attention modules and hybrid dilated convolutional blocks to preserve significant structural features and fine-grained textural details. First, we design a hybrid dilated convolutional block with different dilation rates that enable the extraction of prominent structure features by enlarging the receptive field in the fusion network. Compared with other deep learning methods, our method can obtain more high-level semantic information without piling up a large number of convolutional blocks, effectively improving the ability of feature representation. Second, distinct attention modules are designed to integrate into different layers of the network to fully exploit contextual information of the source images, and we leverage the total loss to guide the fusion process to focus on vital regions and compensate for missing information. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art methods in both visual effects and evaluation metrics. The experimental results on public datasets show that our method can improve the entropy (EN) by 4.80%, standard deviation (SD) by 3.97%, correlation coefficient (CC) by 1.86%, correlations of differences (SCD) by 9.98%, and multi-scale structural similarity (MS_SSIM) by 5.64%, respectively. In addition, experiments with the VIFB dataset further indicate that our approach outperforms other comparable models.
The Relationship Between Rural-Urban Place of Residence and Subjective Well-Being is Nonlinear and its Substantive Significance is Questionable
Authors: Prati Gabriele
Published: August 2023

Research on rural-urban differences in subjective well-being revealed inconsistent findings. I argue that the inconsistencies in the literature may be due to very small effect sizes and nonlinear associations. The aims of the present contribution were twofold: (1) to determine the effect size of the relationship between living in rural-urban areas and subjective well-being; (2) to investigate whether categories of rural-urban areas are nonlinearly related to subjective well-being. The present research used data from 507,452 participants from 115 countries provided by the European Values Study Trend File 1981–2017 and the World Values Survey time-series dataset (1981–2022). Self-reports of satisfaction with life and happiness were used to measure subjective well-being. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, education, employment status, marital status, and income, the relationship between rural-urban place of residence and subjective well-being was statistically significant. However, the magnitude of these associations (i.e., effect size) was very small or even negligible. Moreover, pairwise comparisons of the estimated marginal means for life satisfaction and happiness revealed a pattern of nonlinear relationships. The results of the current research question the practical significance and usefulness of the relationship between rural-urban place of residence alone and subjective well-being.
Hyperthyreose vs. Thyreotoxikose, neue Entwicklungen in der Therapie des Morbus Basedow
Authors: Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Schmitt Lisa , Pilz Stefan
Published: August 2023

Im Rahmen dieses Reviews sollen sowohl die klinische Unterscheidung einer Hyperthyreose von einer Thyreotoxikose anderer Ursache als auch neue Therapien bei Morbus Basedow diskutiert werden. Als Thyreotoxikose wird jegliches Krankheitsbild bezeichnet, das sich durch einen Exzess an Schilddrüsenhormonen auszeichnet. Obwohl die Begriffe Thyreotoxikose und Hyperthyreose in der Klinik oft synonym verwendet werden, sollte der Begriff der Hyperthyreose streng genommen nur für Ursachen einer Thyreotoxikose verwendet werden, die durch exzessive Hormonproduktion in der Schilddrüse entstehen. Die Unterscheidung einer Hyperthyreose von einer Thyreotoxikose anderer Ursache macht im klinischen Alltag insbesondere deshalb Sinn, weil aufgrund der verschiedenen Ätiologie auch unterschiedliche Therapien notwendig sind. Dies ist in vielen Fällen durch eine Bestimmung der TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper oder eine Schilddrüsenszintigraphie möglich, in besonderen Fällen lässt sich aber auch dadurch kein eindeutiges Ergebnis erzielen bzw. sind diese Untersuchungen manchmal nicht durchführbar (z. B. Szintigraphie bei Schwangeren). Dafür existieren mit der Berechnung der fT3/fT4-Ratio sowie der Messung des Blutflusses in den Schilddrüsenarterien einfache Tools, die die Differenzierung in der Klinik erleichtern können.

Da sich die Therapie des Morbus Basedow in den letzten 70 Jahren nicht wesentlich verändert hat und teilweise mit Komplikationen wie Rezidiven oder einer permanenten Hypothyreose vergesellschaftet ist, besteht ein Bedarf nach neuen Behandlungsalternativen. Diesbezüglich sind derzeit Therapien in Evaluierung, die die Funktion der B‑Zellen modulieren und somit eine Reduktion der TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper bewirken sollen. Zudem sind mehrere Therapieansätze in Entwicklung, welche die Signalkaskade nach Aktivierung des TSH-Rezeptors blockieren sollen.
One-Step Fabrication of Magnetic Polymer/Montmorillonite Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Phenol Adsorption
Authors: Geng Pei , Hao Haidong , Guo Jingmao , Wang Yuxin , Ma Jianchao , Wang Xin
Published: August 2023

Phenol contaminants are highly biotoxic and have become a global problem threatening the environment and human health. The objective of the present study was to develop a very efficient and easily recyclable adsorbent to remove phenol. A magnetic montmorillonite composite with organic co-intercalation was fabricated by a simple one-step co-precipitation method and exhibited excellent phenol removal. Two surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and erucic acid amide (EA), were successfully co-intercalated into the interlayer of Ca-montmorillonite, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were simultaneously decorated to obtain Fe3O4-CTAB/EA-montmorillonite composite (Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt). The morphology and structure of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt composite were explored by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy and so on. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt for phenol was investigated under various conditions including temperature, pH, contact time, various phenol concentrations, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt retained a lamellar structure of Ca-Mnt with mesopores. Its interlayer space, surface area, and pore volume were increased. The Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt composite exhibited a good adsorption capacity (31.45 mg·g–1) for phenol with a removal efficiency of 85.46% at optimized conditions. Moreover, the adsorbent still maintained 78.32% of the adsorption capacity after five cycles. The adsorption test data of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, entropy-decreasing process, and a possible adsorption mechanism of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt was finally proposed.
Development and Characterization of Non-coated and PLGA-Coated S53P4 and S59 Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Treatment of Load-Bearing Defects
Authors: Strömberg Gustav , Aalto-Setälä Laura , Uppstu Peter , Björkenheim Robert , Pajarinen Jukka , Eriksson Elin , Lindfors Nina C. , Hupa Leena
Published: August 2023

We studied how in vitro reactions affect long-term biochemical and mechanical properties of porous tissue engineering scaffolds based on two bioactive glasses and accordingly their potential suitability for treating critical-size load-bearing bone defects. Granules of bioactive glass S53P4 and S59 were used to sinter the porous scaffolds. The sintering variables for mechanically durable scaffolds were initially selected according to the thermal behaviour of the glasses during heating. The S53P4 and S59 scaffolds were further divided into the following three groups: uncoated scaffolds, poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) coated scaffolds, and scaffolds coated with a mixture of PLGA and powdered S53P4. The purpose of the coating is to enhance mechanical abilities and to induce a membrane rich in growth factors surrounding the BAG implant. Characterization of the scaffolds included water absorption, pH, ion release, reaction layer formation, and compressive strength. Polymer coatings with powdered S53P4 absorbed more water than pure polymer coatings. The pH of the immersion solution increased more upon immersion of the uncoated scaffolds. No marked differences were seen between the coated scaffolds. During the 28-day in vitro immersion, the Ca-ion concentration initially increased for non-coated S53P4 scaffolds, followed by a slight increase starting at 14 days for all S53P4-based scaffolds and S59-PLGA scaffolds. The lowest P species concentration was observed for uncoated S53P4 scaffolds. The polymer coatings hindered the dissolution of Si-species from the scaffolds. Thicker calcium phosphate layers were identified at the uncoated scaffolds, suggesting a higher bioactivity. In contrast, the polymer coatings enhanced the compressive strength of the scaffolds. The results reflect the impact of glass composition and polymer coating on the chemical and physical properties of scaffolds, emphasizing the requirements in clinical applications for critical load-bearing bone defects.

Graphical Abstract
Factors affecting interannual variation in late summer rainfall in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Duc-Tu , Bui-Manh Hai , Le Trung-Hung , Fu Yen-Ta , Lin Cheng-Chih , Yen Ming-Cheng
Published: August 2023

Based on station monthly observational statistics, the major rainfall in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam occurs in late summer (July–September) with conspicuous year-to-year variation. Using the ± 0.8 of the seasonal total rainfall standard deviation as criteria, seven wet and six dry years are identified over the period 1983–2015. In addition to the 70.5% of the seasonal total rainfall contributed by the heavy rainfall days, the distinct heavy rainfall accumulation difference between wet and dry years seems to fundamentally establish these two separated extreme wet and dry groups. As revealed from further analyses, the large variability in rainfall is attributed to the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) and 7–24- and 30–60-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs); in particular, the number of TCs affecting the RRD and rainfall produced by TCs are more (less) during the wet (dry) years, and the amplitudes of ISOs are also enhanced (reduced). In many cases, heavy rainfall days are induced by the combined effect of both ISOs and TCs, while some heavy rainfall events are mainly triggered by ISOs. It is found from the water vapor budget analyses that an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) dominates over the Indochina Peninsula in wet (dry) years, resulting in more (less) water vapor being transported to the RRD, whereas the anomalous convergence (divergence) of water vapor flux leads to the maintenance of excessive (insufficient) rainfall over the RRD. However, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing shows minor effects on the interannual variation in rainfall in the RRD.
Physiological effects of standard oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula, and helmet CPAP in acute bronchiolitis: a randomized cross-over study
Authors: Chidini Giovanna , Mauri Tommaso , Conti Giorgio , Catenacci Stefano Scalia , Marchesi Tiziana , Dona Giada , Figini Maria Adele , Babini Giovanni , Calderini Edoardo
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is a major cause of hospitalization for children in developed and developing countries. Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy improves oxygenation and reduces respiratory drive by enhancing carbon dioxide wash-out. However, little is known about the physiological effects of non-invasive helmet continuous positive airway pressure (h-CPAP) and NHF on respiratory work of breathing (WOB) in pediatric patients with AVB. The present study measured esophageal pressure time product over 1 min (PTPes*min−1), as a close surrogate for WOB during standard oxygen therapy (SOT), NHF delivered at incremental flow rates, and h-CPAP in hospitalized patients with AVB.

Methods

This is a physiological randomized crossover study with four 20-min steps: SOT delivered by a Venturi mask; NHF2 set at 2L/kg*min−1PBW; NHF3 set at 3L/kg*min−1PBW; and h-CPAP with PEEP 7 cmH2O. PTPes *min−1, pressure rate product (PRP), respiratory and other physiological parameters were collected towards the end of each step.

Results

Ten hypoxemic children with AVB were enrolled. PTPes*min−1, respiratory rate (RR), PRP, and heart rate (HR) decreased progressively from h-CPAP to NHF3, NHF2, and SOT (p < 0.01). Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcCO2) was lower during h-CPAP, NHF3, and NHF2 than during SOT (p < 0.001). SpO2:FiO2was higher during h-CPAP than with all other support (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

In pediatric patients with AVB, h-CPAP was associated with lower WOB, better oxygenation, and lower tcCO2than with SOT and NHF trials.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.govNCT03689686 Registered 1 August 2018.
Assessment of Neurology Residency Program Websites across North America during COVID-19
Authors: Tsai Chia-Chen , Wen William , Tao Brendan , Chen Tychicus , Marzoughi Sina , Khan Muhammad T. , Khosa Faisal
Published: August 2023

With virtual interviews for residency applications, residency program websites have become increasingly important resources for applicants. We evaluated the comprehensiveness of US and Canadian neurology residency program website, comparing this to published rankings of the best neurology and neurosurgery hospitals (for US programs) and number of residency positions (for US and Canadian programs). US program websites were found to be largely more comprehensive than Canadian websites, more extensive websites were associated with better program rankings and fewer residency seats in the US, and US regional differences in comprehensiveness were present. We recommend standardized guidelines to increase website comprehensiveness across programs.
Association Between Attitudes Toward Trauma Informed Care and Psychological First-Aid Training Experience Among Health Care Professionals in Japan
Authors: Asaoka Hiroki , Koido Yuichi , Kawashima Yuzuru , Ikeda Miki , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke
Published: August 2023

Objective:

Trauma informed care (TIC) is an important approach for people who have experienced trauma. Although psychological first aid (PFA) may be effective training in TIC, no study reported an association between PFA training and TIC. This study aimed to investigate the association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals in Japan.

Methods:

Japanese health care professionals were recruited for a survey conducted from May 21 to June 18, 2021. TIC was assessed by the Attitudes Related to Trauma Informed Care Scale 10-item short form (ARTIC-10). A question about PFA training participation was originally developed through discussion among researchers. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between the PFA experience and ARTIC-10.

Results:

In total, 484 (3.6%) health care professionals completed all questions. Among them, 77 (15.9%) had experienced PFA training. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses showed that PFA experience (B = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02–0.36, P = 0.03; B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01–0.34, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with ARTIC-10.

Conclusions:

This study was the first to show an association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals, which was a significant result for future research on PFA training, TIC, and trauma care.
A generative-based design methodology to enable the democratisation of 3D printing
Authors: Goudswaard Mark , Nassehi Aydin , Hicks Ben
Published: August 2023

3D printing technologies, such as material extrusion (MEX), hold the potential to revolutionise manufacturing by providing individuals without traditional manufacturing capabilities with powerful and affordable resources. However, widespread adoption is impeded by the lack of user-friendly design tools due to the necessity of domain-specific expertise in computer-aided design (CAD) software and the overwhelming level of design freedom afforded by the MEX process. To overcome these barriers and facilitate the democratisation of design (DoD), this article introduces an innovative, generative-based design (GBD) methodology aimed at enabling non-technical users to create functional components independently. The novelty of this methodology lies in its capacity to simplify complex design tasks, making them more accessible to non-designers. The proposed methodology was tested in the design of a load-bearing part, yielding a functional component within two design iterations. A comparative analysis with the conventional CAD-based process revealed that the GBD methodology enables the DoD, reflected in a 68% reduction in design activities and a decrease in design difficulty of 62% in requisite know-how and a 55% in understanding. Through the creation and implementation of this methodology, the article demonstrates a pioneering integration of state-of-the-art techniques of generative design with design repositories enabling effective co-design with non-designers.