bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wenn das Ding digital ist …
Authors: Schweibenz Werner
Published: December 2020

Das Museum ist traditionell ein Ort der Dinge. Nichtsdestoweniger erfährt das »brick-and-mortar«-Museum im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation eine Erweiterung in den virtuellen Raum des Internets. Neben das physische Objekt tritt in der Museumspraxis das digitale, wobei beide mit unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten für Forschung, Lehre und Vermittlung ausgestattet sind. Dies wirft zwangsläufig die Frage auf, in welchem Verhältnis analoge und digitale Bestände bzw. Objekt und Digitalisat stehen.
Objekte im Netz
Authors: Andraschke Udo , Wagner Sarah
Published: December 2020

Udo Andraschke und Sarah Wagner stellen in ihrem Beitrag das Forschungs- und Digitalisierungsprojekt »Objekte im Netz. Digitalisierung und Dynamisierung der Sammlungen der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg« vor. Ziel dieses Vorhabens war die Entwicklung einer digitalen Infrastruktur, die eine einheitliche und bestandsübergreifende Erfassung, Vernetzung und Präsentation der rund 30 Sammlungen der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ermöglicht. Dabei kamen Technologien des Semantic Web zum Einsatz, um über eine schlichte Bestandserfassung hinaus einen digitalen Sammlungsraum und eine virtuelle Forschungsumgebung entstehen zu lassen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die digitale Strategie dahinter, ihre Umsetzung sowie die dem Vorhaben zugrundeliegenden Werkzeuge und Technologien.
Vor welchem Hintergrund und mit Bezug auf was?
Authors: Mayr Eva , Windhager Florian
Published: December 2020

Eva Mayr und Florian Windhager thematisieren in ihrem Beitrag die kontextuelle Einbettung kultureller Objekte durch Informationsvisualisierungen. Kulturelle Objekte sind nie in nur einem Kontext erschöpfend zu verorten, sondern polykontextural repräsentierbar - und damit auch polysemisch interpretierbar. Interaktive Visualisierungen ermöglichen neben Detailansichten auf Objekte auch die Entfaltung von »distanten Blicken« auf multiple kontextuelle Hintergründe. Mit solchen Distant-Viewing-Perspektiven können sammlungs-statistische Aspekte für die BesucherInnen von digitalen Sammlungen sichtbar gemacht werden, aber auch räumliche, zeitliche, thematische, oder makrohistorische Rahmungen angeboten werden.
Reseña de Pérez, Pilar, ¿Quién mata a Lucas Muñoz? Versiones sobre la vida, desaparición y muerte de un policía rionegrino.
Authors: Garaño Santiago
Published: December 2020

Este texto reseña el libro de Pilar Pérez, ¿Quién mata a Lucas Muñoz ? Versiones sobre la vida, desaparición y muerte de un policía rionegrino; libro urgente, escrito con la necesidad de producir un relato histórico acerca de la desaparición y muerte de un policía rionegrino, ocurrida entre el 14 de julioy el 10 de agosto del 2016 en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche. La urgencia tiene el propósito de impugnar la versión oficial que ha negado la participación de la Policía en su asesinato.
LOS OTROS ORGANISMOS DEL MOVIMIENTO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Solis Ana Carol
Published: December 2020

El artículo actualiza la historia del movimiento de derechos humanos (MDH) en Córdoba, Argentina, al focalizar los que aquí denominamos otros organismos, en referencia a aquellos que han tenido menor presencia en las memorias públicas de la lucha antidictatorial. Delimitando el escenario pos derrota en la guerra de Malvinas, y su deriva hacia una inminente transición, analiza especialmente los nucleamientos y trayectorias ligados a pertenencias político religiosas y tendencias ecuménicas en su acción defensista. La relevancia de seguir construyendo esas historias de militancia radica, entre otras razones, en el reconocimiento de sus labores comunes emprendidas en la etapa dictatorial y posdictatorial en las que sus esfuerzos conjuntos fortalecieron la conformación del MDH en Córdoba y garantizaron las acciones colectivas inscriptas en las lucha por esta causa pública.
INTERVENCIÓN Y DESTRUCCIÓN DE MONUMENTOS PÚBLICOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA COMO RESPUESTA ANTE EL DOMINIO CULTURAL E IDEOLÓGICO DEL ESPACIO PÚBLICO
Authors: Lukinovic Jonathan
Published: December 2020

La presente propuesta apunta a dilucidar los mecanismos que articulan los actos de monumentalización, desmonumentalización, intervención y destrucción contemporánea de monumentos públicos, con énfasis en momentos de conflictos en que los ciudadanos debieron buscar herramientas de resignificación ante las limitantes de contextos represivos o de escaza participación ciudadana. Se intentará vislumbrar las herramientas que poseen los sujetos y comunidades, así como el poder en ejercicio, de instaurar la materialización de sus referentes históricos y resignificar o rechazar otros similares. Buscamos reconocer las adaptaciones de las herramientas teóricas que permiten la comprensión, relación e inclusión de los actos de intervención y destrucción de monumentos públicos, principalmente de aquellos que tienden a ser catalogados como vandalismo y enjuiciados, siendo relegados a simples actos destructivos.
El “EL FORTÍN DEL ORDEN”.
Authors: Rodriguez Agüero Laura
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo se propone estudiar el rol que cumplió la policía provincial en el despliegue de acciones represivas durante la última dictadura militar (y los años previos). En esa dirección nos proponemos, en primer lugar, analizar el rol que cumplió la policía de Mendoza al mando del vicecomodoro Julio Cesar Santuccione en el desarrollo del accionar represivo legal e ilegal entre 1975 y 1976, identificando rupturas y continuidades. En segundo lugar, analizaremos la centralidad del Departamento de Informaciones 2 (D2) y su funcionamiento desde un enfoque diacrónico teniendo en cuenta las perspectivas de género y clase. Este trabajo, será realizado a partir de fuentes orales, testimonios y documentos judiciales obtenidos en los sucesivos juicios de lesa humanidad.
Reseña de la Mesa: “Memoria y Derechos Humanos. Desafíos en el contexto actual”.
Authors: Zubillaga Paula , Paganini Mariana
Published: December 2020

El 20 de agosto del 2020 se llevó adelante la mesa de debate “Memoria y Derechos Humanos. Desafíos en el contexto actual”. El encuentro virtual estuvo moderado por el Licenciado en Ciencias Políticas Matías Cerezo y contó con la participación del Doctor Daniel Rafecas, titular del Juzgado Criminal y Correccional Federal N° 3 de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, la Doctora en Sociología y presidenta del Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social (IDES), Elizabeth Jelin y el Doctor en Ciencias Sociales y Director Nacional de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario del Ministerio de Defensa de la Nación, Eduardo Jozami. La actividad estuvo organizada por el Centro de Estudios de Memoria e Historia del Tiempo Presente de la UNTREF (CEM), que el propio Jozami dirige.
The Dazzling Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE): The Comet of The Century
Authors: Khalil M. , Said M. , Osman H. , Younis N. , Khaled N. , Amr Y. , A. Mohamed N. , Brahim A.
Published: December 2020

The newfound long period comet NEOWISE has the potential to be one of the brightest comets ever seen. The comet which was visible to the naked eye is considered as the comet of the century. This icy object was discovered on March 27, 2020. In this paper, we dive into some fascinating facts about NEOWISE comet that make such comet unique.Â Â
Background and Motivation of Students Studying a Native American Language at the University Level
Authors: Morgan Juliet L.
Published: December 2020

This study examines the background and motivations of first through fourth semester university-level Native American language learners at the University of Oklahoma. A survey of ten questions collected data concerning demographic information, students’ home language background, their favored classroom activities, motivations for taking the course, and intended future study of the language. The survey was designed to discover who is enrolling in Cherokee, Cheyenne, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Kiowa at the University of Oklahoma, and why these individuals choose to study these languages. The analysis distinguishes heritage language learners from second language learners. The results of the study work toward an understanding of whether these students are motivated by integrative or instrumental factors and how understanding these students’ backgrounds and motivations can inform teaching methods.
A Skype-Buddy Model for Blended Learning
Authors: Macharaschwili Carmen E. , Coggin Linda Skidmore
Published: December 2020

Online learning in higher education allows distanceeducation students to complete degree requirements in virtual environments. Universities are challenged with providing quality education experiences for these students and meeting the students’ needs for engagement and challenge within a collaborative framework. This study proposes how Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) could be used to provide facetoface participation in a traditional classroom using a unique “Skypebuddy”system. In this project we examined the experiences related to the satisfaction, benefits, challenges, and surprises of each of the participants (Skype buddies, professors, and other students in the class) in two doctoral seminars.
Looking for Children Left Behind: American Language Policies in a Multilingual World
Authors: Bose Suparna
Published: December 2020

This article discusses ramifications of the Census 2010 reports, a substantial increase in languageminority populations, and an atmosphere of mistrust towards bilingual and bidialectal people felt by mainstream society in America. It also examines the process of assimilation, immersion, and silencing of immigrant/minority cultures, resulting in the loss of their identity. The pejorative effects of this can be observed in the lower selfesteem, lower grades and continuing school dropout rates of languageminority children today. By looking at models of bilingual or multilingual countries, the article also highlights that lawmakers and communities recognize the cultural histories of bilingual/multilingual learners and acknowledge the benefits of bilingualism. It goes on to recommend ways to increase the marketability of future American citizens, both monolingual and bilingual, in an era of globalization and plurality of the English language.
Literacy Programs for Incarcerated Youth in the United States
Authors: Brace Diana
Published: December 2020

Incarcerated youth in the United States face many barriers to literacy learning. This paper collects and analyzes research on literacy programs in juvenile correctional facilities. The review of literature reveals a troubled institution lacking resources and clear solutions. Few articles deeply consider students’ cultures, literacy identities, and voices. This discovery suggests that new approaches to research of incarcerated youth’s literacy learning are needed. The paper calls for research that investigates and observes how literacy identities of incarcerated youth can be utilized to increase literacy learning both within and outside the correctional facility. The author further suggests that this goal could best be achieved by considering the theoretical frameworks of Bakhtin, Freire, and Peck, Flower, and Higgins.
Strategy-Based Reading Instruction Utilizing the CALLA Model in an ESL/EFL Context
Authors: Suh Young-Mee
Published: December 2020

This paper describes four English reading instruction approaches which are primarily used in ESL/EFL reading classes: ExperienceTextRelationship, the Reciprocal Teaching Approach, Transactional Strategy Instruction, and the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach. Each reading approach is based on reading strategy instruction, and students are considered active learners in these paradigms. The CALLA model in particular puts emphasis on both language and content development while teaching strategies explicitly. Considering that the CALLA model is based on promotion of language and content at the same time, it can be a desirable instructional model in ESL/EFL reading classes. Targeting post-secondary school students whose English reading proficiency levels are in between intermediate and highintermediate, this paper illustrates each stage of the CALLA instructional model and provides a sample lesson plan. ESL/EFL teachers may utilize the demonstration or the lesson plan in a real teaching situation to help learners be successful ESL/EFL readers while increasing their content knowledge and language proficiency.
Book Review: Language Learning and Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Approach, edited by Margaret Hawkings, Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2004
Authors: Howard Craig D.
Published: December 2020

Review of Language Learning and Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Approach, edited by Margaret Hawkings, Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2004.
The Missing Response Patterns in the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test
Authors: Zhang Jingshun , Childs Ruth A.
Published: December 2020

Large‐scale assessments are often an important indicator of students’ achievement for schools, states, and provinces. Missing responses can affect the appropriateness of our analysis models and the results of large‐scale educational assessments. The study of missing response patterns (MRPs) can inform the design of a test and interpretation of test results. This study will examine the causes and effects of MRPs based on analyses of students’ responses to the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) in 2006. This is a test with high stakes for students. With some preliminary statistical analyses in SPSS (descriptive statistics, plots, cross‐tabs, and multinomial and logistic regressions), we are exploring possible causes of MRPs by examining the relationships between patterns of missing responses and responses to test items and background questionnaire items. All results will be helpful for us to understand more about the test’s construct and internal validity to support improvement of the relevant largescale assessment in the future.
Teacher oral‐language use as a component of students’ learning environment in mathematics and science
Authors: Hewitt‐Bradshaw Iris P.
Published: December 2020

This paper adopts a qualitative approach to investigate classroom interaction in mathematics and science at the elementary school level. Specifically, it examines teacher oral language to elucidate the role it plays in shaping students’ learningenvironment in a Creole language context. Using a framework of Halliday’s systemicfunctional linguistics and Bourdieu’s social theory, I analyze six instructional episodes in mathematics and science to uncover features of teachers’ oral language that influence students’ learning environment. The analysis suggests that teachers’ classroom speech reflects the linguistic complexities of school mathematics and science, and can be challenging for learners’ comprehension, especially in a second language situation. Sociolinguistic aspects of classroom interaction are also important to fully understand how teacher language affects student engagement in classroom discourse when their active participation is crucial to the understanding and use of academic language. Based on the findings and the research literature, I offer recommendations and a strategy for teachers who wish to use language in ways that better facilitate student learning across the curriculum.
Book Review: White Kids: Language, Race, and Styles of Youth Identity, by Mary Bucholtz, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011
Authors: Patterson Ashley
Published: December 2020

Review of Mary Bucholtz's White Kids: Language, Race, and Styles of Youth Identity, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Discourse resources in discussions of student writing: Another look at the speaking–writing connection
Authors: Samuelson Beth Lewis
Published: December 2020

The social interactions surrounding the act of composing have often been theorized as microcosms of teaching, as sites where the effects of talk are intensified, and where dialogic discourse, or internal speech made explicit, promotes learning. Although the importance of the voice and agency are recognized, and their influence often implicitly acknowledged, research on the speaking–writing connection has yet to incorporate a translingual approach that gives attention to agency and voice. This study attempts to address voice and agency in a two‐part discussion between a bilingual teacher and her Taiwanese undergraduate during a writing lab in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) class. Discursive strategies for asserting agency and giving it voice are employed to create a shared dialogic context for reviewing, evaluating, and revising a written draft. A translingual approach to understanding the problem of dialogic context for supporting literacy practices creates both obstacles and supports for realizing the potential of dialogic interaction.
Digital literacy: A sociological analysis
Authors: Rinaldi Kerri
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes how sociological factors, access to literacy, and self‐sponsored digital literacy are interrelated. By reviewing New Literacy Studies literature and statistical analyses of digital communication usage, this paper gives a sociologicalreading to self‐sponsored digital literacy. Literacy as a whole is an important facet to modern society, but we must acknowledge the rise of digital textuality as a new form of literacy and recognize the profound relationship that exists between socioeconomic factors and writing. This paper demonstrates that digitally produced writing is textually valid, steeped in social capital, and is extraordinarily accessible regardless of social factors, especially socioeconomic status. Based on these conclusions, implications for pedagogical instruction are also explored.
Read This Book Out Loud: A Critical Analysis of Young Adult Works by Artists from the Poetry Slam Community
Authors: Henze Adam D.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the efforts of notable authors from the poetry slam community who have published Young Adult works intended for the classroom. Numerous secondary educators have embraced spoken word poetry as an engaging art form for teenagers yet often express difficulty in finding age‐appropriate material to share in school settings. This literature review hopes to serve as an introductory reference for secondary educators and researchers, and differs from slam‐themed reviews in that it specifically highlights artists from the slam circuit who have transitioned into YA publishing. Since the featured authors hail from backgrounds in theatre and performance, the works discussed often incorporate characteristics of oral verse that seemingly transcend the print medium. Also examined is the inherent barrier between oppositional, profane narratives embraced by youth, and the expectations of educational institutions who use censorship to sterilize places of learning. Written by an educator and academic who has been a part of the slam community for over a decade, this article offers an insider’s perspective for secondary educators, researchers, and fans of spoken word poetry who wish to know more about integrating the works of prominent ‘slammers’ into their classroom curricula.
Book Review: Literacy as Translingual Practice: Between Communities and Classrooms, edited by A. Suresh Canagarajah, New York: Routledge, 2013
Authors: Al Sultan Hajar
Published: December 2020

Review of Literacy as Translingual Practice: Between Communities and Classrooms, edited by A. Suresh Canagarajah, New York: Routledge, 2013.
Linguistic Equity: India’s Path to Social Justice
Authors: Harrison Heath
Published: December 2020

In 2009 India passed The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act. This may be the most important legislation for democracy in India’s history. As a result of this law, the people of India have demonstrated the belief that democratic education is truly the answer to freedom and equality for every Indian citizen as 96% of all of their eligible primary aged students are currently attending free and compulsory schools (Education in India, 2014). This Constitutional law and its practical fulfillment can be clearly seen through the integration of each of India’s spoken and written languages on Nationwide Standardized Exams, in National Textbooks, and within Teachers’ Classroom Practice which will reveal how citizenship education is redefining democracy in India through linguistic equity.
Full Volume 5: Working Papers in Literacy, Culture, and Language Education (WPLCLE)
Authors: Coronel-­Molina Serafín M. , McNabb Melissa , Panos Alexandra M.
Published: December 2020

The full issue of WPLCLE, volume 5 (2017).
Demokratie und Technikfolgenabschätzung
Authors: Grunwald Armin , Saretzki Thomas
Published: December 2020

Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) ist vor über 50 Jahren zur Unterstützung demokratischer Meinungsbildung und Entscheidungsfindung entstanden. Sie hat sich seitdem in demokratischen Gesellschaften westlichen Typs weiterentwickelt und diversifiziert. Dieses Modell ist seit einigen Jahren mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, darunter: (1) In fast allen westlichen Ländern wird anlässlich des Erstarkens populistischer Strömungen von einer Krise der Demokratie gesprochen. (2) Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht neue Kommunikations- und Mobilisierungsmuster weitab von den klassischen Formen demokratischer Meinungs- und Willensbildung. (3) Basisdemokratische und partizipative Verhandlungen werden für die Ausgestaltung und Akzeptanz von neuen Technologien immer relevanter. In dieser Einführung entfalten wir diese Herausforderungen und geben einen Überblick über die Beiträge des TATuP-Themas.
Effect of sales promotion on impulse buying behaviours of generation Y consumers in omni-channel retail contexts
Authors: Liu Da-Nien , Xie Jun-An
Published: December 2020

The present study investigated how sales promotion influences the impulsive buying behaviours of generation Y consumers in Taiwan on the basis of a Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. Impulse buying stimuli, comprising discount promotion and loyalty program, were used in the study. Consumers’ organism can be divided into normative assessment and affective attitude. Normative assessment positively influences affective attitude, and affective attitude leads to impulse buying. This study conducted a survey on consumers who bought goods from Watsons physical store. In total, 250 valid samples were collected through judgmental sampling. The respondents’ demographics were analysed using SPSS 22, and an SEM model was tested using Amos 24. The results revealed that discount promotion had positive effects on consumers’ normative assessment and affective attitude, whereas the effects of loyalty program were nonsignificant. Affective attitude was discovered to be a robust predictor of impulse buying behaviour in the omni-channel retailing context. The findings were limited because the sample population represented only a small segment of Taiwanese Generation Y consumers. They were also limited by the interrelationship among variables suggested by the S-O-R model. In the age of omni-channel retail, discount promotion presents an effective tactic to trigger impulse buying behaviours. The impact of affective attitude is increasing. Retailers should optimise the interaction possible in omni-channels to create a seamless shopping experience that allows consumers to enjoy the purchasing process. Few studies have implemented the S-O-R model in the context of omni-channels. The present study narrowed this research gap by demonstrating the influence of the S-O-R model on impulse buying behaviours of generation Y consumers’ in omni-channel retailing.
FACTORS INFLUENCING WORD OF MOUTH INTENTION IN THE HEALTHY RESTAURANT INDUSTRY IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Bernarto Innocentius
Published: December 2020

This research aims to understand whether food quality, personal interaction quality, physical environment qualtiy, and perceived value are positively related to satisfaction and its impact to commitment, trust, and word of mouth. The target population are customers who dined in healthy restaurants in Jakarta. The data was collected using questionnaire. There was a total of 403 respondents involved using convenience sampling method. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling approach of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that the food quality, personal interaction quality, physical environment quality, and perceived value were positively related to satisfaction. In addition, satisfction was also positively related to trust, commitment, and word of mouth. Meanwhile, commitment was positively related to word of mouth. However, trust was not positively related to word of mouth.

Keywords: Food Quality, Personal Interaction Quality, Physical Environment Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Trust, Commitment, Word of Mouth.
Speaking Truth to Power
Authors: EL-Naggar Nehal
Published: December 2020

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Education Inequality Revisited Through the Lived Experiences of Parents During Virtual Learning
Authors: Ghamrawi Norma , Shal Tarek , Machmouchi Ikram , Ghamrawi Najah
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of parents who providing support for their children during virtual learning to better understand whether virtual learning was potentially exacerbating or soothing access of children of various socio-economic statuses to education.  For this purpose, an online survey was passed into all e-channels of parents of children enrolled in primary schools accessible by the researchers. A total of 87 respondents constituted the research sample. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for windows, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Post to this, 3 e-focus group interviews were held with a total of 18 parents who volunteered to participate to better understand their view points. Findings show that parents are highly frustrated in relation to virtual schooling offered to their children. The underlying reasons for such exasperation have been attributed to the time that it requires them to put into their children learning; the money they needed to spend on technology; the lack of proficiency they suffered from using digital technologies; the preparedness of their children’s teachers in terms of using technologies; the competency of their children using digital technologies; and the internet connectivity in the country.  It can be therefore concluded that student access to education in light of Covid-19 is getting more linked to higher levels of socio-economic statuses thus advancing education inequality even more.
The issue of school privatisation in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: KOUTOU N’Guessan Claude , GOIN BI Zamble Théodore
Published: December 2020

The Ivorian state has been involved in the construction of public schools given their importance for development. Since the 1980s, there has been a reduction in funding linked to the economic crisis and structural adjustment programmes. Thus, by a convention the State will concede the public service of education to the private sector.

The results of this research on the conditions of access to private schools in the Abidjan district were analysed through a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. This has led to disparities in costs between municipalities. 40,000 FCFA for minima and 1, 922,000 FCFA for maxima, a multiplication order of 48. In secondary school, the minimum is 43,000 FCFA and the maximum is 2, 706,000 FCFA, a multiplication order of 63. In higher education there are less disparities.

In total, there are many differences in the costs of schooling from one school to another. While the public-private partnership has encouraged more children to attend school, it has also created a challenge to access because of the expensive costs of attending school.
The Biophysical Modeling of the Hemodynamic in the Human Organism
Authors: Vincze Janos , Vincze-Tiszay Gabriella , Szakacs Julianna
Published: December 2020

The circulatory apparatus has as a main function the constant maintaining of the internal environment in all the regions of the organism. The blood is a liquid tissue, being formed of a fundamental substance – plasma and blood cells. Heart is the central organ of the cardiovascular apparatus. The heart muscles have numerous biophysical properties. The cardiac muscle is never tired unless it suffered a pathological process. During the diastole, blood is aspired in the heart and during the systole it is pushed in the big and small circulation. The blood amount pushed from the heart in the vascular system in a certain time represents the blood flow. The biophysical methods are next: we administer a certain substance amount, then its passing speed will depend on its concentration; to apply the calorimetric principles for the measurement of the gastric blood flow; the diagnostic of a chronic peripheral arteriopathy we use the calorimetric method is based on measuring the heat being introduced in a certain amount of water which has known temperature; one of the most often used methods for the evaluation of the use of radioisotopes in the cardio-vascular system is the compartment method. Any attempt to apply biophysics to the life systems involves three stages. First we observe the phenomena and formulate a biophysical description in the form of equations; after to solve the equations. Finally we return to the real life system and interpret this solution in terms of reality, this interpretation may requiew experimental testing.
Prawa Dzieci w XXI wieku – w 30. rocznicę ustanowienia Konwencji o Prawach Dziecka
Authors: Gulczyńska Justyna
Published: December 2020

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Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej Polonia i Polacy za granicą – kulturowe i edukacyjne obszary badań i doświadczeń. Poznań, 4–5 kwietnia 2019 roku
Authors: Barańska Magdalena , Brenk Mikołaj , Mańkowska Anna , Nowak-Kluczyński Konrad
Published: December 2020

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Szkoły Stowarzyszenia Nauczycielstwa Polskiego w Wilnie (1896–1921)
Authors: Falkowska Joanna , Walasek Stefania
Published: December 2020

The article presents the history of the Polish Teachers Association (Stowarzyszenie Nauczycielstwa Polskiego – SNP) in Vilnius which was established in 1896 as a secret society under the name of Schoolmistress Circle (Koło Nauczycielek). It presents the association’s evolution, basic objectives of operation and problems faced by the organizers and the teachers against a background of political and social events. The authors of the work present the schools of the Association, their origin, starting from organization of the so-called group lessons (junior high school courses) which laid foundation for the future junior high schools (for boys named after King Sigismund August and Joachim Lelewel and for girsl named after Eliza Orzeszkowa), the curricula, financial issues, problems with premises etc. Education in these schools was mostly provided to students who in the Russian Empire attended junior high, secondary and trade schools. The time frame of this work starts in 1896 (when the Association was established) and ends in 1921 when schools within the Association were partly taken over by the state.The above issues have been presented by the authors mostly on the basis of source materials stored in the National Historical Archive in Vilnius (Materials of the Scientific Society of the City of Vilnius).
Między profesjonalizmem a służbą społeczną. Dyskusja środowiska dydaktyków historii na temat kształcenia przyszłych nauczycieli historii w Polsce po 1989 roku
Authors: Klimorowska Małgorzata , Skórzyńska Izabela
Published: December 2020

In the article, a postulate is put forward to train professional history teachers by taking into consideration their social service: to prepare them well for the role of guides in the world of knowledge and values while granting them more autonomy. The goal is to draw attention to the professionalism of teachers as described by Wanda Dróżka and Dorota Gołębniak: (1) “professional autonomy”; (2) “care for maintaining and developing high standards of specialist and ethical qualifications”; (3) “reflection and self-reflection”; (4) “adopting own practices in an appropriate, individual way” (5) “high prestige and a relatively good remuneration”. The defined professionalism of teachers is the basis for their autonomous, satisfying and responsible work at school and the local environment. It is a combination of a postulate of social service and competences. The article presents a discussion of historians on teachers’ education in the context of making their vocation more professional.
Photocatalytic Concrete Blocks Nanomodified with Zinc Oxide for Paving: Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Characteristics
Authors: Bica Bruno Oliveira , De Melo João Victor Staub , Gleize Philippe Jean Paul
Published: December 2020

Concrete block pavement is considered an ideal substrate for the application of photocatalyst materials. In the paving area, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been the most widely used semiconductor because of its properties. However, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been recently used as an alternative material to TiO2 in heterogeneous photocatalysis, being applied mainly for the treatment of liquid effluents. In this perspective, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of concrete blocks nanomodified with ZnO in the degradation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as the impact of the nanomaterial on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of concretes. For this purpose, concretes were produced with ZnO incorporation of 3 %, 6 %, and 9 %, being submitted to photocatalytic tests, simple compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic Young’s modulus, as well as mercury intrusion porosimetry tests and image evaluations using scanning electron microscopy. Together, evaluation of the influence of nano-ZnO on cement paste hydration reactions was carried out. It could be concluded that the addition of ZnO to concrete provides photooxidative capacity to the material; however, it impairs the mechanical performance and the development of the cementitious matrix microstructure.
Patterns of Power Relation of Street Vendors in Bandung City
Authors: Hermawati Rina , Paskarina Caroline
Published: December 2020

This article discusses how power relation run in daily life and how they relate in governing public issue within multi-stakeholders’ context. The setting of this relations is in the governance of street vendors in Bandung City. Street vendors is usually perceived as problem for urban governance, not only for public convenience and order, but also as spatial or territorial contestation among various actors, namely street vendors, the City Government of Bandung, and the public. In this spatial contestation, there is a power relation that connects various interests and demonstrates the network pattern of actors in fighting for their interests. This article is purposed for mapping of street vendor’s power relation pattern. By mapping the pattern of power relation, it is expected that the handling of street vendors can be more substantive in addressing the source of the problem, and it does not just focus on the eviction on the surface. This research used qualitative method. Data collection technique contains participative observation, through interview with street vendors, city government officials, street vendors association, and focus group discussion. The research result found three patterns of power relation in governing street vendors. The first pattern, street vendors use the association of street vendors as the mediator in negotiating the problem they face. The second pattern, street vendors use the local community of street vendors as the mediator. The third pattern, street vendors use non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as the mediator.
The River Exists, Therefore I Am: Ecocriticism, Nature and Human Nature in Willa Cather’s 'The Enchanted Bluff'
Authors: Sardari Alireza
Published: December 2020

Today, environmental degradation and nature preservation are among the most discussed topics in media, academia, and beyond. Adopting Glotfelty’s ecocritical approach, this article investigates the relationship between human culture and the natural world in Willa Cather’s The Enchanted Bluff (2009). The present study determines the different representations of nature along with the ecological issues to (a) heighten the ecological awareness and (b) to provide a fresh perspective to look at the natural world; therefore, this article shifted its focus from the anthropocentric attitude to the biocentric and focuses on nature and its correlation with humanity. This paper challenges the human/nature binary to help us look at the natural world stripped of established stereotypes. The results indicate that nature is an indivisible portion of human identity; furthermore, humankind and the natural world are codependent and interconnected; the results also emphasize that preserving the natural world is, indeed, the prerequisite for the protection of humanity.
Nora’s Metamorphosis from A Doll Child into A Reasonable Human Being
Authors: Islam A B M SHAFIQUL , Shuchi Israt Jahan
Published: December 2020

Henrik Ibsen is deemed to be one of the major Norwegian playwrights of the late 19th century whose famous play A Doll’s House manifests a wide variety of social and individual concerns, some of which transcend times and ages and thus become all-time contemporary. This paper mainly focuses on one such concern of an individual- Nora Helmar’s quest of self-identity- which gets unfolded through many other interrelated social issues that altogether result in her complete transformation. This study identifies how Nora who we notice at the beginning of the play as a naïve and submissive woman, changes herself into an outspoken, autonomous and unyielding human being towards the end of the play. It also attempts to highlight Nora’s numerous struggles against the patriarchal hegemony of the society and outlines how these struggles contribute to developing in her a sense of progressive self-awakening which eventually shapes her self-identity as an independent woman, the ultimate destination of her journey of self-discovery. This study finally explores the underlying forces both from within and outside the family working as catalysts behind making Nora a metamorphosed one.
Sensitivity and specificity of the macimorelin test for diagnosis of AGHD
Authors: Garcia Jose M , Biller Beverly M K , Korbonits Márta , Popovic Vera , Luger Anton , Strasburger Christian J , Chanson Philippe , Swerdloff Ronald , Wang Christina , Fleming Rosa Rosanna , Cohen Fredric , Ammer Nicola , Mueller Gilbert , Kelepouris Nicky , Strobl Frank , Ostrow Vlady , Yuen Kevin C J
Published: December 2020

Objective

The macimorelin test is approved for the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) based on its efficacy vs the insulin tolerance test (ITT). Macimorelin has a significant advantage over ITT in avoiding hypoglycemia. Analyses were conducted to determine whether macimorelin performance is affected by age, BMI, or sex, and evaluate its performance vs ITT over a range of GH cutpoints.

Design

Post hoc analyses of data from a previous randomized phase 3 study included participants aged 18–66 years with BMI <37 kg/m2 and high (Group A), intermediate (Group B), or low (Group C) likelihood for AGHD based on pituitary history, and matched controls (Group D).

Methods

Probability of AGHD was estimated using unadjusted, age-adjusted, BMI-adjusted, and sex-adjusted logistic models. Area under the curve (AUC) of the estimated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (range, 0–1; 1 = perfect) was compared for adjusted vs unadjusted models. Separate analyses evaluated agreement, sensitivity, and specificity for macimorelin and ITT using cutpoints of 2.8, 4.0, 5.1, and 6.5 ng/mL.

Results

For participants in Group A (n = 41) and Group D (n = 29), unadjusted, age-adjusted, BMI-adjusted, and sex-adjusted models had ROC AUCs (95% CIs) of 0.9924 (0.9807–1), 0.9924 (0.9807–1), 0.9916 (0.9786–1), and 0.9950 (0.9861–1), respectively.

Conclusions

Macimorelin performance was not meaningfully affected by age, BMI, or sex, indicating robustness for AGHD diagnosis. Of the 4 GH cutpoints evaluated, the cutpoint of 5.1 ng/mL provided maximal specificity (96%) and high sensitivity (92%) and was in good overall agreement with the ITT at the same cutpoint (87%).
Aging- and gender-related modulation of RAAS: potential implications in COVID-19 disease
Authors: Monteonofrio Laura , Florio Maria Cristina , AlGhatrif Majd , Lakatta Edward G , Capogrossi Maurizio C
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is frequently characterized by a marked inflammatory response with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure associated with multiorgan involvement. Some risk factors predispose patients to develop a more severe infection and to an increased mortality; among them, advanced age and male gender have been identified as major and independent risk factors for COVID-19 poor outcome. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is strictly involved in COVID-19 because angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and also converts pro-inflammatory angiotensin (Ang) II into anti-inflammatory Ang(1–7). In this review, we have addressed the effect of aging and gender on RAAS with emphasis on ACE2, pro-inflammatory Ang II/Ang II receptor 1 axis and anti-inflammatory Ang(1–7)/Mas receptor axis.
Relaciones entre Coordinadores Municipales y Directores de Escuelas Públicas en Chile
Authors: Pineda Manuel , Palma Evelyn , Assaél Jenny , Redondo Jesús
Published: December 2020

El estudio de la articulación de las organizaciones de nivel local e intermedio con las escuelas supone el análisis de aspectos organizacionales y relacionales. Los actores intermedios de educación se caracterizan por ser agentes de democracia local.  En este artículo se describen las opiniones sobre las relaciones entre los actores de educación de nivel medio y los directores de las escuelas sobre la implementación de los Planes de Mejora Educativa como parte de las nuevas políticas educativas en Chile. Se realizó un estudio de caso en un municipio de la capital del país durante el año 2017. Fueron entrevistados cuatro coordinadores municipales y seis directores de escuelas públicas. El artículo describe que, en el marco del trabajo en conjunto para el diseño de los Planes de Mejoramiento, los directores de las escuelas reconocen un cambio positivo en su relación con su administrador municipal gracias a la planificación conjunta de iniciativas, y al trabajo más cercano y más sistemático. Las principales tensiones se asocian a la planificación administrativa promovida por los coordinadores municipales que apuntan a controlar el uso de fondos de las escuelas para cumplir con los requisitos establecidos por el nivel central. El artículo aporta en el estudio de las interacciones personales entre los actores del sistema educativo y su relevancia para comprender los procesos de implementación de la mejora escolar.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY: SUBJECT STATUS
Authors: ASHILOVA MADINA , BEGALINOV ALIBEK , BEGALINOVA KALIMASH
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the features of the relationship between pedagogy and philosophy of education in the historical and genetic aspect. Various facets of their interaction caused by ideological and methodological approaches to the educational process are shown. Attention is drawn to the fact that the feature that distinguishes the philosophy of education from pedagogy is a holistic vision of education, the study of its problems in the most generalized and conceptual form. Various scientific approaches to pedagogy and philosophy of education are revealed, among which the situation developed within the framework of Soviet science is of particular interest, when pedagogy was understood as a “testing ground” for the application and approbation of philosophical ideas. Summarizing all the approaches, the authors come to the conclusion that the analysis of the education from the perspective of philosophy requires the recourse to pedagogy as a science, which explores the problems of education at a deep level, and from the perspective of pedagogy – the recourse to the philosophy of education, acting as a universal, conceptual, methodological, and ideological scientific knowledge.
THE CHURCH OF THEOTOKOS OF TIKHVIN IN YUDMOZERO, ARKHANGELSK REGION. HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Bode Andrey , Zhigaltsova Tatiana
Published: December 2020

The article describes three stages of constructing the Church of the Theotokos of Tikhvin in the village of Yudmozero located in the Onega district of the Arkhangelsk region, which were discovered through the analysis of data retrieved from the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region, and the architectural features of these stages. The construction stages correlate with rebuilding the church in 1863 and replacing its porch and erecting a bell tower in 1907. The church is a quadrangle with a five-walled altar. The porch and the bell tower were lost. The on-site inspection of the monument enabled to classify this chapel church as a “chapel-type prayer house”, combining features of a chapel and a dwelling house. It differs from the chapels of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions or Karelia, since its core log structure is similar to a log cabin (“izba”). The chapel is distinguished by its dome and antechamber with a tent-like bell tower. The study resulted in reconstructing how the Yudmozero chapel looked between the late 18th and the early 20th centuries, and providing a brief analysis of the distinctive features of similar buildings in the villages of Vorzogory, Maloshuika, Nimenga, Podporozhye. The authors conclude that there are differences in the architectural traditions of Pomorye and the mainland Russian North, and put forward a hypothesis on the connection between the spread of chapel-type prayer houses and the Old Belief, which requires further study.
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, pH AND LACTOSE CONCENTRATION ON THE GROWTH PROBABILITY OF LISTERIA INNOCUA
Authors: Leylak Cansu , Buzrul Sencer
Published: December 2020

Growth response data of Listeria innocua in broth were monitored at different combinations of temperature (4, 8 and 12 °C), pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0) and lactose concentration [0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (w/v %)] for 35 days. Especially low levels of temperature and pH were effective to prevent the growth of L. innocua whereas lactose concentration should be at least ≥ 4% at low temperature and pH values to obtain no growth response. Logistic regression model was developed to describe and further predict the growth boundaries of L. innocua under different combinations of the conditions. Goodness-of-fit indices and measures of predictive power such as percent concordant revealed that the fitted equation described the growth limits of L. innocua successfully. The proposed model could be also used to predict growth limits or probabilities of Listeria in whey at different temperature levels since pH and lactose concentration of whey is similar to the conditions tested and this was demonstrated for both sweet whey and acid whey. This study indicated that a quick estimate of growth probability of L. innocua is possible at different combinations of temperature, pH and lactose concentration.