bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical C2 Continuous Surface Blending
Authors: You Xiangyu , Tian Feng , Tang Wen , Chang Jian , Zhang Jianjun
Published: October 2024

Surface blending is an important topic in geometric modelling and is widely applied in computer-aided design and creative industries to create smooth transition surfaces. Among various surface blending methods, partial differential equation (PDE)-based surface blending has the advantages of effective shape control and exact satisfaction of blending boundary constraints. However, it is not easy to solve partial differential equations subjected to blending boundary constraints. In this paper, we investigate how to solve PDEs analytically and develop an analytical PDE-based method to achieve surface blending with C2 continuity. Taking advantage of elementary functions identified from blending boundary constraints, our proposed method first changes blending boundary constraints into a linear combination of the identified elementary functions. Accordingly, the functions for blending surfaces are constructed from these elementary functions, which transform sixth-order partial differential equations for C2 surface blending into sixth-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We investigate the analytical solutions of the transformed sixth-order ordinary differential equations subjected to corresponding blending boundary constraints. With the developed analytical PDE-based method, we solve C2 continuous surface blending problems. The surface blending example presented in this paper indicates that the developed method is simple and easy to use. It can be used to effectively control the shape of blending surfaces and at the same time exactly satisfy C2 continuous blending boundary constraints.
Q-Learning-Based Dumbo Octopus Algorithm for Parameter Tuning of Fractional-Order PID Controller for AVR Systems
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Ni Lei , Wang Geng , Aphale Sumeet S. , Zhang Lanqiang
Published: October 2024

The tuning of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) systems presents a complex challenge, necessitating the solution of real-order integral and differential equations. This study introduces the Dumbo Octopus Algorithm (DOA), a novel metaheuristic inspired by machine learning with animal behaviors, as an innovative approach to address this issue. For the first time, the DOA is invented and employed to optimize FOPID parameters, and its performance is rigorously evaluated against 11 existing metaheuristic algorithms using 23 classical benchmark functions and CEC2019 test sets. The evaluation includes a comprehensive quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Statistical significance was assessed using the Friedman’s test, highlighting the superior performance of the DOA compared to competing algorithms. To further validate its effectiveness, the DOA was applied to the FOPID parameter tuning of an AVR system, demonstrating exceptional performance in practical engineering applications. The results indicate that the DOA outperforms other algorithms in terms of convergence accuracy, robustness, and practical problem-solving capability. This establishes the DOA as a superior and promising solution for complex optimization problems, offering significant advancements in the tuning of FOPID for AVR systems.
Perceived Health Status Predicts Resilience after Hip Fracture in Older People
Authors: Lelli Diana , Iuorio Maria Serena , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Pedone Claudio
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Perceived health status (PHS) is associated with various health outcomes in older adults, but its relationship with resilience in the context of events with a major impact on functional status (FS), such as hip fracture, has not been explored. Our objective was to evaluate whether older adults who report good PHS before a hip fracture have a higher probability of returning to their baseline physical performance (PP) and personal independence. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from waves 1 and 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study, enrolling patients ≥ 65 years who experienced a hip fracture between these two waves. As study outcomes, we analyzed changes in PP and functional abilities (FAs). Results: We included 149 participants with a mean age of 75.7 years (SD: 6.5); women comprised 66%. The incidence of loss of PP was 51.7% among participants with good PHS and 59.6% among those with poor PHS. FA worsened in 40% of participants with good PHS and 58.4% in those with poor PHS. Relative risk (RR) for loss of FA in people with good PHS was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48–0.98), which did not change after an adjustment for age, gender, baseline FA, depression, number of comorbidities, education, income, and social support, despite it not reaching statistical significance. After adjustment, the risk of worsening PP in participants with good PHS was reduced by 34% (95% CI: 0.41–1.06). Conclusions: A simple question on PHS may predict the resilience of older adults after an acute stressor. A systematic evaluation of PHS can help identify patients with a higher probability of regaining function after a hip fracture and thus provide useful information for resource allocation.
Dislocation Strengthening and Texture Evolution of Non-Oriented Fe-3.3 wt% Si Steel in Double Cold Rolling
Authors: Gao Yijing , Xu Yunbo , Chen Haoran , Yuan Bingyu , Gao Zhenyu , Zhou Lifeng
Published: October 2024

An excellent Fe-3.3 wt% Si steel was fabricated by double cold rolling and final annealing. The evolution of the microstructure and texture was studied by optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ, and quasi-in situ electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) to investigate the recrystallization behavior. Double cold rolling significantly reduced the adverse γ texture in the final annealed sheets, and a stronger η texture was observed. With a reduction ratio of 50% and 65% during double cold rolling, the γ texture almost disappeared, whereas the η texture was obviously improved. Consequently, the texture factor reached its peak, leading to a reduction in iron loss and an enhancement of magnetic induction. By combining texture regulation with dislocation strengthening, the magnetic properties of Fe-3.3 wt% Si steel were improved, and the yield strength also increased. The final sheet exhibiting exceptional magnetic characteristics and enhanced strength attained a reduction in iron loss (P10/400 = 21.84 W/kg) of 6.43 W/kg, along with an enhancement of magnetic induction (B50 = 1.698 T) of 0.038 T and yield strength (Rp0.2 = 578 MPa) of 37 MPa compared to a single-stage cold rolling process.
Global Trends and Scientific Impact of Topical Probiotics in Dermatological Treatment and Skincare
Authors: Alves Ademilton Costa , Martins Sergio Murilo da Silva Braga , Belo José Victor Trindade , Lemos Mauro Victor Castro , Lima Carlos Emanuel de Matos Chaves , Silva Carlos Drielson da , Zagmignan Adrielle , Nascimento da Silva Luís Cláudio
Published: October 2024

The skin plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting against external aggressors. Recent research has highlighted the potential of probiotics and postbiotics in dermatological treatments and skincare. These beneficial microorganisms interact with the skin microbiota, modulate the immune response, and enhance the skin barrier, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for various skin conditions, such as acne, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis. This bibliometric study aims to analyze the global trends and scientific impact of topical probiotics in dermatology. By reviewing 106 articles published between 2013 and 2023, the study categorizes the applications of probiotics in wound healing, inflammatory skin diseases, and general skincare. The findings indicate a significant increase in publications from 2021 onwards, attributed to the heightened focus on medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also identifies the most productive countries, institutions, and authors in this field, highlighting the importance of international collaborations. The results underscore the efficacy of probiotic-based topical formulations in improving skin health, reducing inflammation, and enhancing wound healing. This comprehensive analysis supports the development of new therapeutic strategies based on topical probiotics and encourages high-quality research in this promising area.
Production of Magnesium Dilactate through Lactic Acid Fermentation with Magnesium Carbonate
Authors: Won Sangmin , Kang Ho Young
Published: October 2024

Magnesium dilactate is increasingly sought after for its applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and dietary supplement industries due to its essential role in various physiological processes. This study explores a sustainable method for synthesizing magnesium dilactate through lactic acid fermentation using tomato juice, coupling the neutralization of lactic acid with hydrated magnesium carbonate hydroxide. Utilizing the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum, fermentation was optimized in a 50% diluted MRS medium supplemented with glucose and tomato juice supplemented with glucose, yielding a maximum lactate concentration of 107 g/L. Notably, fermentation in diluted media proved more effective than in undiluted tomato juice, highlighting the inhibitory effects of certain organic compounds and the physical nature of the original tomato juice. Post-fermentation, magnesium lactate was crystallized, achieving high recovery rates of up to 95.9%. Characterization of the product through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed its crystalline purity. This research underscores the viability of tomato juice as a fermentation substrate, promoting the valorization of agricultural by-products while providing an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods for magnesium dilactate production.
Magmatic Evolution and Nb-Ta Enrichment of Early Jurassic Granitic Porphyry from the Shangxiahu Nb-Ta Deposit of the Nanling Range
Authors: Liu Hongling , Wang Jinrong , Chen Qin , Huang Yanna , Li Xin , Liu Wei , Chen Bin , Xiao Fan
Published: October 2024

The Shangxiahu Nb-Ta deposit is located in the Yongding region of Fujian Province, the south-eastern section of the Nanling Range, South China. A series of Nb-Ta deposits, associated with granitic porphyries, are present in the Yongding region. Nevertheless, the genesis of the Nb-Ta mineralisation remains practically ambiguous, and further study of the latest Nb-Ta granitic porphyries in the Nanling Range may prove beneficial in understanding the mineralisation mechanism. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the petrographic, geochemical, chronological and isotopic characteristics of the Shangxiahu granite porphyry. Shangxiahu granite porphyry is high-potassium subalkaline granite. The Rittman index (δ) is < 3.3, indicating a calc-alkaline signature. The aluminium saturation index (A/CNK) is >1.1, indicating a strong peraluminous nature. Furthermore, the rare earth elements diagram exhibits Eu-negative anomalies and an M-type ‘tetrad effect’, while the multi-element distribution patterns diagram shows an overall right-leaning trend. The SIMS zircon U-Pb age of the Shangxiahu granite porphyry is 183.2 ± 3.2 Ma, revealing the emplacement of the granite porphyry in the Early Jurassic. The high Zr + Nb + Ce + Y content and Ga/Al ratios, along with the zircon saturation temperature TZr value of 1033 °C, indicate that the Shangxiahu granite porphyry exhibits the characteristics of a highly differentiated A-type granite. The Sr-Nd isotope signatures indicate that the Nb-Ta-bearing magma was formed by the mixing of crust–mantle material. The evolution and mineralisation process of granite porphyry in the Shangxiahu Nb-Ta deposit can be divided into four principal stages: (1) the upwelling of Asthenosphere material due to the extensional background induced partial melting of the crust; (2) the mixing of mantle-derived magma and crustal-derived magma; (3) magmatic fractional crystallisation and (4) magma–hydrothermal interaction. Combined with the reported data of Yongding Daping niobium-tantalum mining area, it can be postulated that the enrichment of Nb-Ta ores in Shangxiahu is primarily the result of the upwelling of Asthenosphere material, which caused the partial melting of the niobium-rich Mesoproterozoic crust with high Nb/Ta value. The enrichment of Nb-Ta ore bodies in Daping is primarily attributed to the fractional crystallisation of the magma and the hydrothermal alteration, which is postulated to be associated with the presence of a crust exhibiting elevated Nb/Ta ratios in Yongding. Additionally, it is postulated that ore may be found in area with high crustal source components in the crust–mantle mixed zone. There may be high volatile-rich Nb-Ta orebodies and Sn-rich and W-rich orebodies at depth or in the surrounding area.
Effect of Telenursing on Supportive Care Needs in Patients with Melanoma and Lung Cancer on Targeted Therapies: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Protocol
Authors: De Leo Aurora , Liquori Gloria , Spano Alessandro , Panattoni Nicolò , Dionisi Sara , Iacorossi Laura , Giannetta Noemi , Terrenato Irene , Di Simone Emanuele , Di Muzio Marco , Petrone Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

Background: Telenursing comprises a set of tools and interventions enabling nurses to provide remote care. This study aims to assess the impact of telenursing interventions on the supportive care needs of patients with melanoma and lung cancer who are receiving targeted therapies. Methods: This six-month monocentric, double-arm, randomised, controlled trial study protocol will assess the effect of telenursing on the supportive care needs (primary outcome) in 40 patients (20 in each group) after one month. The secondary outcomes will be monitored at baseline, one, three and six months: supportive care needs (at three and six months), therapeutic adherence, quality of life, usability and satisfaction, performance status, patient-reported outcomes and main adverse events. The SPIRIT guidelines will be used for the reporting. Results: The results from this trial will assess the impact of a telenursing intervention on cancer care. Conclusions: This trial could be a starting point for more extensive studies on telenursing interventions to promote nurses’ skills, as well as the quality and safety of care in patients with cancer, highlighting the impact of more outstanding nursing contributions on cancer care. Trial and Protocol Registration: The study protocol was approved by the relevant Italian Ethics Committee Lazio Area 5 (RS1851/23, 2773; 6 September 2023) and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registry number NCT06254196).
Cytotoxic Potencies of Zinc Oxide Nanoforms in A549 and J774 Cells
Authors: Nazemof Nazila , Breznan Dalibor , Dirieh Yasmine , Blais Erica , Johnston Linda J. , Tayabali Azam F. , Gomes James , Kumarathasan Premkumari
Published: October 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products and in biomedical applications, resulting in an increased production of these materials with potential for exposure, thus causing human health concerns. Although there are many reports on the size-related toxicity of ZnO NPs, the toxicity of different nanoforms of this chemical, toxicity mechanisms, and potency determinants need clarification to support health risk characterization. A set of well-characterized ZnO nanoforms (e.g., uncoated ca. 30, 45, and 53 nm; coated with silicon oil, stearic acid, and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane) were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity in two cell types, human lung epithelial cells (A549), and mouse monocyte/macrophage (J774) cells. ZnO (bulk) and ZnCl2 served as reference particles. Cytotoxicity was examined 24 h post-exposure by measuring CTB (viability), ATP (energy metabolism), and %LDH released (membrane integrity). Cellular oxidative stress (GSH-GSSG) and secreted proteins (targeted multiplex assay) were analyzed. Zinc oxide nanoform type-, dose-, and cell type-specific cytotoxic responses were seen, along with cellular oxidative stress. Cell-secreted protein profiles suggested ZnO NP exposure-related perturbations in signaling pathways relevant to inflammation/cell injury and corresponding biological processes, namely reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis/necrosis, for some nanoforms, consistent with cellular oxidative stress and ATP status. The size, surface area, agglomeration state and metal contents of these ZnO nanoforms appeared to be physicochemical determinants of particle potencies. These findings warrant further research on high-content “OMICs” to validate and resolve toxicity pathways related to exposure to nanoforms to advance health risk-assessment efforts and to inform on safer materials.
Retrospective Cohort Study Demonstrates Tolerance and Adherence to Pea-Based Complete Enteral Formula When Transitioned from a Previous Hypoallergenic Product
Authors: Withrow Nicole A. , Al-Tawil Youhanna , Patterson P. J. , Wilson Madden , Ryan Erika , Millovich Vanessa , Valentine Christina J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Plant-based formulas have become increasingly popular due to their health benefits, environmental concerns, cultural beliefs, improved palatability, and decreased cost. A retrospective chart review of medically stable children transitioning from a hypoallergenic formula to a yellow pea protein plant-based formula (PPPBF) was included. This study aimed to assess gastrointestinal tolerance, weight changes, and adherence to receiving a unique PPPBF. Methods: Healthcare providers (HCPs) from pediatric clinics across the United States who requested increased PPPBF samples between the dates of 1 November 2021and 31 January 2022 and again from 1 February 2022 to 15 April 2022 inputted survey data. The HCPs selected participants based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Seventy-three completed patient surveys were included of children (ages 1–18 years old, 41% females, 59% males). After the transition to PPPBF, 38.4% experienced improvement in GI tolerance, 56.2% experienced no change, and 5.5% reported worsening GI tolerance. There was a 95% adherence rate, and 98.9% reported no adverse reactions or allergic manifestations after formula transition. Conclusions: Transitioning from a hypoallergenic formula to a PPPBF showed a trend toward stable GI tolerance, weight gain or stability, and adherence. A PPPBF offers a first-choice option for children who are on hypoallergenic formulas due to intolerance.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Insights into Host Immune Responses in Pediatric Severe Malarial Anemia: Dysregulation in HSP60-70-TLR2/4 Signaling and Altered Glutamine Metabolism
Authors: Onyango Clinton O. , Anyona Samuel B. , Hurwitz Ivy , Raballah Evans , Wasena Sharely A. , Osata Shamim W. , Seidenberg Philip , McMahon Benjamin H. , Lambert Christophe G. , Schneider Kristan A. , Ouma Collins , Cheng Qiuying , Perkins Douglas J.
Published: October 2024

Severe malarial anemia (SMA, Hb < 6.0 g/dL) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission zones. This study explored the entire expressed human transcriptome in whole blood from 66 Kenyan children with non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL, n = 41) and SMA (n = 25), focusing on host immune response networks. RNA-seq analysis revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes, with equally distributed up-and down-regulated genes, indicating a complex host immune response. Deconvolution analyses uncovered leukocytic immune profiles indicative of a diminished antigenic response, reduced immune priming, and polarization toward cellular repair in SMA. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that immune-regulated processes are central molecular distinctions between non-SMA and SMA. A top dysregulated immune response signaling network in SMA was the HSP60-HSP70-TLR2/4 signaling pathway, indicating altered pathogen recognition, innate immune activation, stress responses, and antigen recognition. Validation with high-throughput gene expression from a separate cohort of Kenyan children (n = 50) with varying severities of malarial anemia (n = 38 non-SMA and n = 12 SMA) confirmed the RNA-seq findings. Proteomic analyses in 35 children with matched transcript and protein abundance (n = 19 non-SMA and n = 16 SMA) confirmed dysregulation in the HSP60-HSP70-TLR2/4 signaling pathway. Additionally, glutamine transporter and glutamine synthetase genes were differentially expressed, indicating altered glutamine metabolism in SMA. This comprehensive analysis underscores complex immune dysregulation and novel pathogenic features in SMA.
A Cross-Sectional Study Revealed a Low Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Asymptomatic University Students in Tripoli, North Lebanon
Authors: Rafei Rayane , Tajer Layla , Nour Dalal , Abboud Karen , Ankoud Dima , Osman Marwan , Bedotto Marielle , Ismail Mohamad Bachar , Dabboussi Fouad , Colson Philippe , Hamze Monzer
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among >18-year-old students in the Faculty of Public Health and Faculty of Sciences at the Lebanese University in Tripoli, Northern Lebanon, in June 2023 and to characterize the circulating Omicron subvariants. Out of 357 participants, only 2 (0.56%) tested positive by qPCR, corresponding to 0.61% (2/326) of asymptomatic students. One case tested positive with a qPCR targeting the Omicron BA.2 variant. These findings indicate a low incidence at that time and emphasize the interest of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance among students.
Sexual Propagation in the Green Seaweed Codium tomentosum—An Emerging Species for Aquaculture
Authors: Sá Maria Francisca , Pacheco Teresa Cunha , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Marinho Gonçalo Silva
Published: October 2024

Codium tomentosum holds a variety of bioactive compounds, high nutritional value and health benefits, which makes it a valuable natural resource for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, C. tomentosum is farmed at a small-scale targeting niche markets, and further expansion of production is limited by a lack of optimised propagation and cultivation methods. This study aims to identify the conditions required to control key production parameters including gametogenesis, gamete release and suitable culture conditions for the early stages of development of C. tomentosum. Wild specimens of C. tomentosum were collected on the Aguçadoura shore, north of Portugal. Gametogenesis was successfully induced in infertile specimens cultured under a short-day photoperiod (8 h:16 h; L:D). Gamete release was optimised through a combination of hydric shock and ultrasounds, with the highest gamete yield obtained after a 2 h 30 min desiccation period, followed by re-hydration and a series of three ultrasounds. Germlings, precursors of the adult C. tomentosum, grew faster when cultured under a lower light intensity (20 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to higher intensities (40 and 60 μmol m−2 s−1) in every light spectrum; additionally, the growth of germlings exposed to the lowest light intensity was significantly higher under white, red and green light spectra compared to blue light. The results on key production parameters constitute an important contribution to the establishment of nursery protocols based on sexual reproduction for aquaculture of the species.
Organizing the Chaos: Novel Insights into the Regulation of Z-3-Hexenal Production in Damaged Maize Leaves
Authors: Selman Samantha , Engelberth Marie , Engelberth Jurgen
Published: October 2024

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are important signaling compounds that help to regulate plant defenses against pests and pathogens. Made through the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway, they are rapidly produced upon damage and can signal to other parts of the same plant or even plants nearby, where they can induce rapid defense responses directly or prime them against impending danger. In this primed state, plants can respond faster and/or stronger should pests or pathogens attack. However, while all proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of GLVs have been identified, little is still known about how the first two steps in the pathway, e.g., oxygenation by a lipoxygenase (LOX) and subsequent cleavage by HPL, are facilitated within the damaged tissue, resulting in the production of Z-3-hexenal (Z3al) as the first committed product of the pathway. Here, we provide evidence that several factors might be involved in the production of Z3al, including pH, Ca2+, and an environment that is highly hydrophobic. We present a model in which the extraordinary circumstances that are present at the site of Z3al production are considered, and shine new light on potential regulatory mechanisms.
Screening and Functional Evaluation of Four Larix kaempferi Promoters
Authors: Zhang Chen-Yi , Ye Zha-Long , Qi Li-Wang , Yang Ling , Li Wan-Feng
Published: October 2024

Promoters are powerful tools for breeding new varieties using transgenic technology. However, the low and unstable expression of target genes is still a limiting factor in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr (Japanese larch) genetic transformation. In this study, we analyzed L. kaempferi transcriptome data, screened out highly expressed genes, cloned their promoters, and constructed plant expression vectors containing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by these promoters. Recombinant vectors were introduced into the L. kaempferi embryogenic callus by means of the Agrobacterium-mediated transient or stable genetic transformation method, and the promoter activity was then determined by measuring GUS expression and its enzyme activity in the transformed materials. Four highly expressed genes were identified: L. kaempferi Zhang Chen Yi-1 (LaZCY-1), Zhang Chen Yi-2 (LaZCY-2), Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (LaTCTP), and ubiquitin (LaUBQ). The 2000 bp fragments upstream of ATG in these sequences were cloned as promoters and named pLaZCY-1, pLaZCY-2, pLaTCTP, and pLaUBQ. Semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of transient genetic transformation materials showed that all four promoters could drive GUS expression, indicating that they have promoter activities. Semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR analyses and the histochemical staining of stable genetic transformation materials showed that the pLaUBQ promoter had higher activity than the other three L. kaempferi promoters and the CaMV35S promoter. Thus, the pLaUBQ promoter was suggested to be used in larch genetic transformation.
Organogenesis in a Broad Spectrum of Grape Genotypes and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of the Podarok Magaracha Grapevine Cultivar
Authors: Maletich Galina , Pushin Alexander , Rybalkin Evgeniy , Plugatar Yuri , Dolgov Sergey , Khvatkov Pavel
Published: October 2024

We present data on the ability for organogenesis in 22 genotypes of grapevine and developed a direct organogenesis protocol for the cultivar Podarok Magaracha and the rootstock Kober 5BB. The protocol does not require replacement of culture media and growth regulators, and the duration is 11 weeks. The cultivation of explants occurs on modified MS medium with the addition of 2.0 mg L−1 benzyladenine and indole-3-butyric acid (0.15 mg L−1 for the rootstock Kober 5BB or 0.05 mg L−1 for the cultivar Podarok Magaracha). The direct organogenesis protocol consists of three time periods: (1) culturing explants for 2 weeks in dark conditions for meristematic bulk tissue, (2) followed by 4 weeks of cultivation in light conditions for regeneration, and (3) 5 weeks of cultivation in dark conditions for shoot elongation. Based on this protocol, conditions for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the Podarok Magaracha cultivar were developed with an efficiency of 2.0% transgenic plants per 100 explants. Two stably transformed lines with integration into the genome of the pBin35SGFP plasmid construction, confirmed by Southern blotting, were obtained.
Blue Laser for Production of Carbon Dots
Authors: Cutroneo Mariapompea , Malinsky Petr , Slepicka Petr , Torrisi Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) is gaining wide-ranging interest due to their broad applicability, owing to their small size and luminescence. CDs were prepared from charcoal via a one-step process using laser ablation in liquid without the use of reagents. The adopted method was based on the use of a commercially available continuous wave (CW) laser diode emitting a 450 nm wavelength and, for the liquid, a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, routinely used in the biological field. Photoluminescence analysis revealed fluorescence, at 480 nm, increasing with laser irradiation time. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the CDs revealed an average sphere shape with a size of about 10 nm. Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL), typically adopted in biomedicine applications, was used as a matrix to show the preserved luminescence, ideal for the non-invasive monitoring of implanted scaffolds in tissue engineering.
Agricultural Micro-Tiller Detachability Research and Multi-Module Design Development
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Xue Shuang , Bao Zhengfeng , Zhang Xuemin , Chen Yexin
Published: October 2024

To improve the detachability performance and remanufacturing capability of existing agricultural micro-tillers, a modular design concept is introduced into the product design and development process, with Axiomatic Design (AD) and the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) serving as the methodological guidance and theoretical framework. In the design process, “Z-mapping” is used to reconstruct the demand/function/structure of the agricultural micro-tiller, decompose the total functions step by step, and establish a design matrix to transform the initial user requirements into specific functional indicators and design parameters. Geometric correlation is used as the design evaluation index to assign values to the matrix to establish a DSM for the correlations between agricultural micro-tiller design parameters. Using system clustering to optimize the distribution of matrix values, a total of five functional modules were identified to achieve a modular design scheme and design a prototype for agricultural micro-tillers. This design solution has significantly better disassembly performance than existing products, effectively enhancing the remanufacturing capability of existing equipment, proving the effectiveness of the Kano-AD-DSM-based design strategy, and providing a new theoretical reference for the innovative design of other small agricultural equipment.
A Novel Polymerized Sulfur Concrete for Underground Hydrogen Storage in Lined Rock Caverns
Authors: Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen O. , El Gamal Maisa
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a viable solution to meet the growing global energy demand, making large-scale hydrogen storage essential for successfully realizing a full-scale hydrogen economy. Geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, salt caverns, and aquifers, have been identified as potential storage options. Additionally, unconventional methods like manufactured lined rock caverns and abandoned coal mines are gaining interest. This study introduces polymerized sulfur concrete (PSC) as a promising alternative to replace the current construction systems, which rely on Portland cement concrete and lining materials like stainless steel or polypropylene plastic liners. The paper presents the formulation of PSC, optimization of its compositional design, and evaluation of its physico-mechanical-chemical properties. The results demonstrate that PSC offers excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and low permeability, making it highly suitable for underground hydrogen storage in lined rock caverns. The results showed that the manufactured PSC exhibits excellent physicochemical properties in terms of compressive strength (35–58 MPa), density (2.277–2.488 g/cm3), setting time (30–60 min), curing time (24 h), air content (4–8%), moisture absorption potential (0.17–0.3%), maximum volumetric shrinkage (1.69–2.0%), and maximum service temperature (85–90 °C). Moreover, the PSC is nonconductive and classified with zero flame spread classification and fuel contribution. In addition, the SPC was found to be durable in harsh environmental conditions involving pressure, humidity, and pH variations. It is also capable of resisting corrosive environments. In addition, the statistical modeling indicates that an overall mixture proportion of 32.5 wt.% polymerized sulfur, 32.5 wt.% dune sands, 17.5 wt. % LFS, and 17.5 wt.% GGBFS appear optimal for density values ranging from 2.43 to 2.44 g/cm3 and compressive strength ranging from 52.0 to 53.2 MPa, indicating that the PSC can sustain formation pressure up to about 5.3 km below the ground surface. Therefore, by addressing the critical limitations of traditional materials, PSC proves to be a durable, environmentally sustainable solution for lined rock caverns, reducing the risk of hydrogen leakage and ensuring the integrity of storage systems.
Renewable Energy Credits Transforming Market Dynamics
Authors: Oladapo Bankole I. , Olawumi Mattew A. , Omigbodun Francis T.
Published: October 2024

This research uses advanced statistical methods to examine climate change mitigation policies’ economic and environmental impacts. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing, renewable energy subsidies, emission trading schemes, and regulatory standards in reducing CO2 emissions, fostering economic growth, and promoting employment. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining regression analysis, cost–benefit analysis (CBA), and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. Data were collected from national and global databases, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Key findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in CO2 emissions by 0.45% for each unit increase in carbon pricing (p < 0.01). Renewable energy subsidies were positively correlated with a 3.5% increase in employment in the green sector (p < 0.05). Emission trading schemes were projected to increase GDP by 1.2% over a decade (p < 0.05). However, chi-square tests indicated that carbon pricing disproportionately affects low-income households (p < 0.05), highlighting the need for compensatory policies. The study concluded that a balanced policy mix, tailored to national contexts, can optimise economic and environmental outcomes while addressing social equity concerns. Error margins in GDP projections remained below ±0.3%, confirming the models’ reliability.
Silicone Rubber-Packaged FBG Sensing Information and SSI-COV-Recognized Modal Parameters Motivated Damage Identification in Pipe Structures
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Guo-Zhi , Wusiman Maihemuti , Yan Ge , Yan Chang-Lin , Wang Hua-Ping
Published: October 2024

Pipes are the main structures serving as the lifeline for oil and gas transportation. However, they are prone to cracks, holes and other damages due to harsh working environments, which can lead to leakage incidents and result in significant economic losses. Therefore, the development of structural health monitoring systems with advanced online diagnostic methods is of great importance for identifying local damages and assessing the safety state of pipe structures. These efforts can guide rapid repairs and ensure the continuous, efficient and cost-effective transportation of oil and gas resources. To address this problem, this paper proposes the development of a pipe monitoring system based on quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. The SSI-COV method is employed to process the sensor responses and extract the modal parameters of the structure. Based on this foundation, an enhanced damage identification index is proposed, which mitigates the effects of support and excitation positions on damage identification. The pipe structure can be regarded as a continuous super-statical beam, and based on its structural symmetry, a unit structure, specifically a stainless-steel pipe with fixed ends, is regarded as the experimental subject. Impact experiments have been conducted to analyze its behavior in both undamaged and damaged states. The research indicates that by using the proposed modal parameter identification method and the ASMDI damage index, ASMDI exhibits peak values at damage locations of the pipe structure. This allows for the identification of structural damage with high accuracy, fast processing efficiency and strong robustness. The study provides an effective and reliable damage diagnosis method, which can contribute to the refinement and visualization of pipe structural health monitoring systems.
Hankel Determinants of Normalized Analytic Functions Associated with Hyperbolic Secant Function
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Breaz Daniel , Cotîrlă Luminita-Ioana , Çetinkaya Asena
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider a subclass of normalized analytic functions associated with the hyperbolic secant function. We compute the sharp bounds on third- and fourth-order Hermitian–Toeplitz determinants for functions in this class. Moreover, we determine the bounds on second- and third-order Hankel determinants, as well as on the generalized Zalcman conjecture. We examine a Briot–Bouquet-type differential subordination involving the Bernardi integral operator. Finally, we obtain a univalent solution to the Briot–Bouquet differential equation, and discuss the majorization property for such function classes.
Stochastic Optimal Control Analysis for HBV Epidemic Model with Vaccination
Authors: Shah Sayed Murad Ali , Nie Yufeng , Din Anwarud , Alkhazzan Abdulwasea
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explore the concept of symmetry as it applies to the dynamics of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) epidemic model. By incorporating symmetric principles in the stochastic model, we ensure that the control strategies derived are not only effective but also consistent across varying conditions, and ensure the reliability of our predictions. This paper presents a stochastic optimal control analysis of an HBV epidemic model, incorporating vaccination as a pivotal control measure. We formulate a stochastic model to capture the complex dynamics of HBV transmission and its progression to acute and chronic stages. By leveraging stochastic differential equations, we examine the model’s stationary distribution and asymptotic behavior, elucidating the impact of random perturbations on disease dynamics. Optimal control theory is employed to derive control strategies aimed at minimizing the disease burden and vaccination costs. Through rigorous numerical simulations using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control measures. Our findings highlight the critical role of vaccination in controlling HBV spread and provide insights into the optimization of vaccination strategies under stochastic conditions. The symmetry within the proposed model equations allows for a balanced approach to analyzing both acute and chronic stages of HBV.
On (p,q)-Analogs of the α-th Fractional Fourier Transform and Some (p,q)-Generalized Spaces
Authors: Al-Omari Shrideh , Salameh Wael
Published: October 2024

In this article, the (p,q)-analogs of the α-th fractional Fourier transform are provided, along with a discussion of their characteristics in specific classes of (p,q)-generalized functions. Two spaces of infinitely (p,q)-differentiable functions are defined by introducing two (p,q)-differential symmetric operators. The (p,q)-analogs of the α-th fractional Fourier transform are demonstrated to be continuous and linear between the spaces under discussion. Next, theorems pertaining to specific convolutions are established. This leads to the establishment of multiple symmetric identities, which in turn requires the construction of (p,q)-generalized spaces known as (p,q)-Boehmians. Finally, in addition to deriving the inversion formulas, the generalized (p,q)- analogs of the α-th fractional Fourier transform are introduced, and their general properties are discussed.
Chromium Selectively Accumulates in the Rat Hippocampus after 90 Days of Exposure to Cr(VI) in Drinking Water and Induces Age- and Sex-Dependent Metal Dyshomeostasis
Authors: Vielee Samuel T. , Buchanan William J. , Roof Spencer H. , Kahloon Rehan , Evans Elizabeth , Isibor Jessica , Patel Maitri , Meaza Idoia , Lu Haiyan , Williams Aggie R. , Kouokam J. Calvin , Wise Sandra S. , Guo Luping , Wise Rachel M. , Wise Jamie L. , Cai Lu , Cai Jun , Wise John P.
Published: October 2024

Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a widespread environmental pollutant in air and water that is primarily attributed to industrial pollution. The current maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water from the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.05 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively) were set based on contact dermatitis and warrant further toxicological investigation. While Cr(VI) is neurotoxic and accumulates in the brain, most animal studies only report whole-brain Cr, leaving large knowledge gaps. Few studies consider differences between ages or sexes, and fewer consider essential metal dyshomeostasis. We sought to investigate where Cr accumulates in the brain, considering sex and age differences, following a 90-day drinking water exposure to current MCLs. Here, we report Cr levels in six brain regions of rats exposed to drinking water Cr(VI). We observed Cr only accumulated in the hippocampus, and only in older females. We further assessed changes to essential metals in the hippocampus, observing opposite effects across sexes and between young rats compared to older rats. In sum, our data indicate drinking water Cr(VI) selectively targeted the hippocampus, with geriatric females accumulating the most Cr, and induced significant essential metal dyshomeostasis even in tissues lacking evident Cr accumulation.
Exploring the Diversity and Function of Serine Proteases in Toxicofera Reptile Venoms: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Vidal Julia F. D. , Schwartz Matheus F. , Garay Aisel V. , Valadares Napoleão F. , Bueno Renata V. , Monteiro Ana Carolina L. , Freitas Sônia Maria de , Barbosa João Alexandre R. G.
Published: October 2024

Toxicofera reptile venoms are composed of several toxins, including serine proteases. These proteases are glycosylated enzymes that affect the prey’s hemostatic system. Their actions extend across the coagulation cascade, the kallikrein–kinin system, and platelet activation. Despite their specificity for different substrates, these enzymes are homologous across all toxicoferans and display high sequence similarity. The aim of this review is to compile decades of knowledge about venom serine proteases, showing the diversity of biochemically and biophysically characterized enzymes, their structural characteristics, advances in understanding their origin and evolution, as well as methods of obtaining enzymes and their biotechnological applications.
CT584 Is Not a Protective Vaccine Antigen against Respiratory Chlamydial Challenge in Mice
Authors: Hoang-Phou Steven , Pal Sukumar , Slepenkin Anatoli , Abisoye-Ogunniyun Abisola , Zhang Yuliang , Gilmore Sean F. , Shelby Megan L. , Bourguet Feliza A. , Mohagheghi Mariam V. , Noy Aleksandr , Rasley Amy , de la Maza Luis M. , Coleman Matthew A.
Published: October 2024

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen in humans worldwide. Since chlamydial infection is largely asymptomatic with the potential for serious complications, a preventative vaccine is likely the most viable long-term answer to this public health threat. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) utilizes the cellular protein manufacturing machinery decoupled from the requirement for maintaining cellular viability, offering the potential for flexible, rapid, and decentralized production of recombinant protein vaccine antigens. Methods: Here, we use CFPS to produce the full-length putative chlamydial type three secretion system (T3SS) needle-tip protein, CT584, for evaluation as a vaccine antigen in mouse models. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) (RIBM, Tsukuba, Japan) imaging and computer simulations confirm that CFPS-produced CT584 retains a native-like structure prior to immunization. Female mice were primed with CT584 adjuvanted with CpG-1826 intranasally (i.n.) or CpG-1826 + Montanide ISA 720 intramuscularly (i.m.), followed four weeks later by an i.m. boost before respiratory challenge with 104 inclusion forming units (IFU) of Chlamydia muridarum. Results: Immunization with CT584 generated robust antibody responses but weak cell-mediated immunity and failed to protect against i.n. challenge as demonstrated by body weight loss, increased lung weights, and the presence of high numbers of IFUs in the lungs. Conclusion: While CT584 was not a protective vaccine candidate, the speed and flexibility with which CFPS can be used to produce other potential chlamydial antigens make it an attractive technique for antigen production.
The Study of the Balancing Process for Starting Rotors in Heavy-Duty Vehicles: An Industrial Application
Authors: Davila-Alfaro Gabriel de Jesús , Salas-Reyes Antonio Enrique , Chaires Jan Mayén , Arcos-Gutiérrez Hugo , Garduño Isaías E. , Gallegos-Melgar Adriana , Hernández-Hernández Maricruz , Mercado-Lemus Víctor Hugo
Published: October 2024

In the heavy-duty vehicle industry, unbalance in the armature is one of the most common problems affecting starters’ performance and durability. This research presents a comprehensive study to improve the balancing process for starting rotors in heavy-duty vehicles. The complete manufacturing process of armatures was analyzed to understand the contribution of assembly processes to unbalancing. The analysis revealed that the primary factor leading to high unbalance in these parts is the misalignment of conductors within the armature winding. During assembly, these conductors experience axial movements, resulting in non-uniform mass distribution and causing unbalanced values ranging from 150 to 350 g·mm. These values surpass the permissible limit, making rectification during the balancing process at the end of the assembly impossible. Consequently, a novel alignment tool was designed to address this issue, significantly reducing the effect and achieving the maximum allowable unbalance of 100 g·mm. This allowed the balancing machine used in the process to correct the initial unbalance of the reinforcements in a single work cycle, improving operation efficiency by about 15%.
Orderly Charging Control of Electric Vehicles: A Smart Meter-Based Approach
Authors: Li Ang , Chen Yi , Xiang Xinyu , Xu Chuanzi , Wan Muchun , Huo Yingning , Geng Guangchao
Published: October 2024

The charging load of electric vehicles (EV) is one of the most rapidly increasing loads in current power distribution systems. It may cause distribution transformer/feeder overload without proper coordination or control, especially in residential area where household load and EV charging load are sharing transformer capacity. Existing smart meter-based orderly charging control (OCC) approaches commonly require costly but unreliable communication schemes to control EV charging behavior. In this work, a smart meter-based distributed controller is designed to establish a meter-to-EV communication interface with low cost and enhanced reliability, based on the state-of-the-art charging standard. An event-driven OCC algorithm is developed, and then, deployed in the data hub (concentrator) of the AMI with an easy-to-implement optimization formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using a numerical case study and a practical field test in Hangzhou, China. Both results indicate promising advantages of the proposed OCC approach in reducing the peak load of emerging EV charging demand by more than 30%.