bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wearable Device Integrated with Deep Learning‐Based Algorithms for the Analysis of Breath Patterns
Authors: Tarim Ergün Alperay , Erimez Busra , Degirmenci Mehmet , Cumhur Tekin H.
Published: August 2023

Sleep problems are serious issues that make life difficult for all people, including sleep apnea. Sleep apnea, which causes breathlessness for more than 10 s, is linked to severe health problems due to the serious damage it can induce. To mitigate the risk of these disorders, the monitoring of patients has become increasingly challenging. Wearable technologies offer an effective healthcare solution for remote patient monitoring and diagnosis. A novel wearable system based on Arduino technology is introduced, specifically designed to monitor the breath patterns of patients. The analysis of breath data from patients holds great importance for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of sleep apnea. To address this need, an advanced image processing system based on deep learning techniques is presented. This system automatically detects respiratory patterns, including inhalation, exhalation, and breathlessness. The device has an average of 97.6% sensitivity, 79.7% specificity, and 96% accuracy in identifying breath patterns. The designed device can offer patients and healthcare institutions a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and ergonomic system for the analysis of breath patterns that can be further extended for sleep apnea diagnosis.
Risk factors for dementia in older intensive care unit (ICU) survivors
Authors: Wang Sophia , Perkins Anthony J. , Chi Rosalyn , Yates Brandon A. , Khan Sikandar H. , Gao Sujuan , Boustani Malaz , Khan Babar A.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

As the number of older intensive care unit (ICU) survivors grows, there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors for post‐ICU dementia.

METHODS

We performed a secondary data analysis of 3144 ICU patients ≥ 50 years of age without a history of dementia or severe mental illness who were screened as part of the Pharmacological Management of Delirium (PMD) study. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Dementia was identified using International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth revision codes for dementia or prescription of anti‐dementia medication.

RESULTS

Average age (standard deviation) was 65.2 ± 9.5 years; 50.4% were female; and 37.3% were Black. Analyses identified stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.52, 4.07], P < 0.001), and depression (adjusted HR 3.03; 95% CI [1.80, 5.10], P < 0.001) as post‐ICU risk factors for dementia.

DISCUSSION

Future studies will need to examine whether interventions targeting post‐ICU stroke and depression can lower dementia incidence in ICU survivors.

Highlights

Risk factors for post–intensive care unit (ICU) dementia were distinct from those of Alzheimer's disease.

Cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with dementia in older ICU survivors.

Post‐ICU stroke was associated with a higher risk of dementia in older ICU survivors.

Post‐ICU depression was associated with a higher risk of dementia in older ICU survivors.
Total Synthesis of Metaphanine and Oxoepistephamiersine
Authors: Sun Ya‐Kui , Qiao Jin‐Bao , Xin Yu‐Meng , Zhou Qin , Ma Zhi‐Hua , Shao Hui , Zhao Yu‐Ming
Published: August 2023

Herein, we report a concise and divergent synthesis of the complex hasubanan alkaloids metaphanine and oxoepistephamiersine from commercially available and inexpensive cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal. Our synthesis features a palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction to set the tricyclic carbon framework of the desired molecules, a regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation followed by a MeNH2 triggered skeletal reorganization cascade to construct the benzannulated aza[4.4.3]propellane, and a strategically late‐stage regio‐/diastereoselective oxidative annulation of sp3 C−H bond to form the challenging THF ring system and hemiketal moiety in a single step. In addition, a highly enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of target molecular.
Enhanced Active Sites and Stability in Nano‐MOFs for Electrochemical Energy Storage through Dual Regulation by Tannic Acid
Authors: Lu Yibo , Zhang Guangxun , Zhou Huijie , Cao Shuai , Zhang Yi , Wang Shuli , Pang Huan
Published: August 2023

The limited active sites and poor acid‐alkaline solution stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), significantly limit their wider application. In this study, the acid property of tannic acid (TA) was used as an etchant to etch the surface‐active sites. Subsequently, the further chelation of the protonated TA with the exposed metal active site can effectively protect the metal ions. Meanwhile, the TA provided a large amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups, which can greatly improve the stability of imidazolate‐coordinated MOFs. The electrochemical test results indicated that the MOFs composite materials synthesized using this scheme had high specific capacitance and stability. And the mechanism of its electrochemical reaction process was explored through in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and theoretical calculations. In addition, the same treatment was carried out through a series of carboxyl‐coordinated MOFs, which further confirmed the principle of this scheme to obtain a higher active site and stability. This paper explains the mechanism of functionalization of nano‐MOFs by polyphenolic compounds, providing new ideas for the research of nano‐MOFs.
Janus‐Type ESIPT Chromophores with Distinctive Intramolecular Hydrogen‐bonding Selectivity
Authors: Chen Yahui , Lu Sheng , Abbas Abedi Syed Ali , Jeong Minseok , Li Haidong , Hwa Kim Myung , Park Sungnam , Liu Xiaogang , Yoon Juyoung , Chen Xiaoqiang
Published: August 2023

Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐based solid luminescent materials with multiple hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) remain unexplored. Herein, we introduced a family of Janus‐type ESIPT chromophores featuring distinctive hydrogen bond (H‐bond) selectivity between competitive HBAs in a single molecule. Our investigations showed that the central hydroxyl group preferentially forms intramolecular H‐bonds with imines in imine‐modified 2‐hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) chromophores but tethers the benzothiazole moiety in hydrazone‐modified HBT chromophores. Imine‐derived HBTs generally exhibit higher fluorescence efficiency, while hydrazone‐derived HBTs show a reduced overlap between the absorption and fluorescence bands. Quantum chemical calculations unveiled the molecular origins of the biased intramolecular H‐bonds and their impact on the ESIPT process. This Janus‐type ESIPT chromophore skeleton provides new opportunities for the design of solid luminescent materials.
Functional analysis of a NPC1 gene from the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Yu Hao , Wang Liuhao , Liu Shunxiao , Chen Xiaohui , Wei Xiaoyu , Niu Chenxi , Volodymyr Vlasenko , Song Qisheng , Zhang Hongwei
Published: August 2023

Niemann‐Pick C (NPC) disease is a neurodegenerative disorder related to cellular sterol trafficking and mutation of NPC1 gene is the main cause for this disease. The function of NPC1 have been reported in a few insects but rarely studied in hemipterans. In the present study, we investigate the function of NPC1 in a hemipteran pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. It was found that B. tabaci had only one NPC1 homolog (BtNPC1), in contrast to two homologs in many other insects. BtNPC1 was ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages and body parts of whiteflies, with the highest level in adult abdomen, and the expression of BtNPC1 was induced by cholesterol feeding. To further investigate the function of BtNPC1, leaf‐mediated RNA interference experiments were carried out. Results showed that knockdown of BtNPC1 led to reduced survival of whiteflies, as well as reduced fecundity. Moreover, knockdown of BtNPC1 affected the development and metamorphosis of whitefly nymphs. Taken these together, we conclude that BtNPC1 played a crucial role in sterol‐related biological processes of B. tabaci and might be used as an insecticide target for development of novel pest management approaches.
Research progress on animal environment and welfare
Authors: Li Baoming , Wang Yang , Rong Li , Zheng Weichao
Published: August 2023

Animal welfare closely depends on its ability to adapt and thrive in a harmonious relationship with its environment, ensuring both physical and psychological well‐being. Over the years, the welfare of farm animals has gathered global attention and has become increasingly important to the general public and scientific communities. The connection between the environment and animal welfare is primarily established through the provision of suitable and controllable environment for animals. However, it is essential to recognize that the impact of environment extends beyond merely ensuring freedom from discomfort. The environment plays a crucial role in shaping an animal's response to challenges such as disease, stress, and pathogen. While animals may be housed in controlled environments that provide optimal conditions for health, production, and welfare, it is important to acknowledge that specific scenarios can significantly affect and alter the environmental requirements. Even with access to fresh air, certain factors can have a substantial impact on the well‐being of animals. Furthermore, providing appropriate environmental conditions goes beyond meeting basic needs and can greatly contribute to allowing animals to engage in their natural behaviors. It serves as a relevant tool for ensuring and maintaining adequate welfare standards. This review takes a comprehensive approach to environmental welfare by considering the welfare of animals managed in different stocking systems, considering environmental stress, stocking systems, and the provision of environmental enrichment items. By examining these factors, a broader understanding of the relationship between environment and welfare is achieved and recommendations for future research are outlined.
Schienenanbindung der Festen Fehmarnbeltquerung
Authors: Henke Sascha , Hoffmann Mario , Sander Melanie , Molzahn Michael , Heß Michael
Published: August 2023

Die Schienenanbindung der Festen Fehmarnbeltquerung ist eines der Top‐3‐Infrastrukturprojekte in Europa, das einen durchgängigen, elektrifizierten Zugverkehr zwischen Skandinavien und Deutschland ermöglichen soll. Im Rahmen dieser ca. 85 km langen Infrastrukturmaßnahme werden neben der Strecke auch zahlreiche Ingenieur‐ und Kunstbauwerke errichtet, für die jeweils eine baugrundtechnische Beurteilung erforderlich ist. Im Rahmen der seit mehreren Jahren laufenden Planung wurden und werden umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung der Baugrundverhältnisse im Projektgebiet durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass aufgrund der glazial geprägten Entstehungsgeschichte der Böden im östlichen Schleswig‐Holstein bereichsweise sehr wechselhafte und gründungstechnisch herausfordernde Baugrundsituationen angetroffen werden. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die geologischen und geotechnischen Herausforderungen anhand von verschiedenen Beispielsituationen diskutiert und die aktuell erarbeiteten Lösungen kurz skizziert.
Huangqi Jianzhong Tang treats chronic atrophic gastritis rats by regulating intestinal flora and conjugated bile acid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Hui , Huang Xingyue , Wang Guohong , Liu Yuetao
Published: August 2023

Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) is effective for treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). The present study was carried out to reveal the mechanism of HQJZ in CAG rats. The metabolism and microbial composition of the cecal contents in CAG rats were analyzed through the integration of an untargeted metabolomic approach using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole–time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF–MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Finally, MetOrigin analyses were performed to explore the relationship between differential metabolites and intestinal flora. The results showed that HQJZ could significantly regulate metabolic disorders, especially conjugated acid metabolites. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis illustrated that HQJZ decreased the abundance of Acetobacter, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia, and Shigella. MetOrigin metabolite traceability analysis showed that the six bile acids associated with HQJZ efficacy included three bacteria–host cometabolites, which were involved in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. Research presented here confirmed that conjugated bile acid metabolism was key to the treatment of CAG by HQJZ and correlates strongly with Bacteroides acidifaciens and Prevotella copri. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms to explain the efficacy of HQJZ.
The role of CEO regulatory focus in increasing or reducing corporate carbon emissions
Authors: Wagner Andreas , Fischer‐Kreer Denise
Published: August 2023

This article contributes to the emerging stream of corporate carbon emission research, which zooms in on CEOs' responsibility in organizations' strategic decision‐making. This investigation offers new knowledge of how a CEO's regulatory focus can shape whether firms reduce their carbon footprints. Building on regulatory focus theory, this study proposes how the two distinct motivational dispositions (i.e., promotion or prevention focus) of a CEO relate to corporate carbon emissions. We empirically analyzed S&P 500 firms from 2007 to 2018. The findings indicate that CEOs with a high promotion focus are positively associated with corporate carbon emissions, whereas CEOs with a high prevention focus are negatively linked to corporate carbon emissions, with the latter relationship weakened by industry volatility. The findings reported in this study enrich carbon emission research by devoting attention to cognitive and motivational aspects of CEOs for corporate carbon management.
An overview of Brazilian companies' readiness to implement industrial symbiosis
Authors: Agudo Fabiana Liar , Bezerra Bárbara Stolte , Gobbo Júnior José Alcides
Published: August 2023

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is a strategy that focuses on the exchange of resources between colocated industries. Despite the benefits of IS, companies often face challenges in implementing it, primarily due to technical, economic, and information barriers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing IS among Brazilian companies. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 201 colocated companies using a previously developed instrument to assess their levels of symbiotic readiness. The findings resulted in the creation of a typology of symbiotic readiness levels, accompanied by practical recommendations for each level. In general, the surveyed companies are making progress toward implementing IS, as evidenced by their attempts to exchange waste and by‐products with other colocated industries. However, overcoming barriers related to information sharing, trust‐building, access conditions, infrastructure, and partnership formation remains challenging. This study provides valuable evidence from an emerging country regarding the readiness levels of companies to implement IS, offering insights and recommendations for managers and public authorities to promote IS. It is important to note that as companies reach mature stages of IS implementation, they can collaborate to transform the conditions of the industrial parks, ultimately fostering future industrial ecosystems.
Stable Dication Diradicals of Triply Fused Metallo Chlorin‐Porphyrin Heterodimers: Impact of the Bridge on the Control of Spin Coupling to Reactivity
Authors: Shah Syed Jehanger , Pandit Younis Ahmad , Garribba Eugenio , Ishida Masatoshi , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: August 2023

We report an unexpected rearrangement, controlled by the nature of the bridge, leading to the formation of novel, remarkably stable triply fused dinickel(II)/dicopper(II) chlorin‐porphyrin dication diradical heterodimers in excellent yields. Here, a dipyrromethene bridge gets completely fused between two porphyrin macrocycles with two new C−C and one C−N bonds. The two macrocycles exhibit extensive π‐conjugation through the bridge, which results in an antiferromagnetic coupling between the two π‐cation radicals. In addition, the macrocyclic distortion also favours a rare intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII and π‐cation radical spins to form a triplet state. The structural and electronic perturbation in the unconjugated dication diradical possibly enables the bridging pyrrolic nitrogen to undergo a nucleophilic attack at the nearby β‐carbon of the porphyrin π‐cation radical with a computed free energy barrier of >20 kcal mol−1 which was supplied in the form of reflux condition to initiate such a rearrangement process. UV‐vis, EPR and ESI‐MS spectroscopies were used to monitor the rearrangement process in situ in order to identify the key reactive intermediates leading to such an unusual transformation.
Balancing and Therapeutic Roles of CXCR4‐Inhibiting Nanomedicine via Synergetic Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Extracellular Matrix in Liver Injury†
Authors: Huan Xu , Chen Yi , Wu Xiaozhen , Wang Hui , Yang Ying , Wu Pengkai , Liu Tianqing , Wang Kaikai , Ding Dan
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Inflammation is associated with different stages of liver disease, including acute injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. During the progression of liver inflammation, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are critical pathologies, and thus the combined therapy using HSCs and ECM as targets represents a promising strategy in the treatment of liver injury. Here, a novel CXCR4‐inhibiting nanomedicine that can simultaneously deliver AMD3100 (CXCR4 antagonist) and siPAI‐1 (siRNA of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) was designed and developed to reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation and degrading ECM deposition. With this goal in mind, a Zn(II) coordinated polymeric AMD3100 named PAMD/Zn polymer with siRNA delivery and CXCR4 antagonism capabilities was synthesized. Overall, our results suggest that PAMD/Zn recruits pro‐inflammatory cells for fibrogenesis and inhibits the activation of HSCs for fibrolysis at various stages of liver injury. Its use in conjunction with PAI‐1 silencing achieved satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in liver injury and fibrosis. The derivative CXCR4‐inhibiting nanomedicine is a versatile platform that offers valuable benefits for the treatment of liver diseases.
Chloride‐Bridged Dimeric SalphenZr(IV) Cobaltate Catalyst Unleashes the Potential of Base‐Free Carbonylative Polymerization for Biodegradable PHAs†
Authors: Ganesan Vinothkumar , Yoon Sungho
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are a promising class of biodegradable polymers, exhibiting properties comparable to traditional petroleum‐based counterparts. Nonetheless, the widespread commercialization of PHAs is hindered by the absence of an efficient and economically viable catalytic system, impeding their competitiveness against non‐biodegradable polymers. In an effort to address this challenge, we present a study on a newly developed chloro‐bridged dimeric salphen zirconium cobaltate complex for the direct synthesis of PHAs via carbonylative polymerization of epoxides. The catalytic system demonstrates favorable activity under mild reaction conditions, enabling complete monomer conversion and an impressive 92% selectivity towards PHA formation. Through meticulous control experiments and mechanistic studies, we have gained crucial insights into the polymerization process. Remarkably, our findings challenge the prevailing notion of sequential ring‐opening polymerization of in‐situ generated β‐lactones as the primary pathway. Instead, we demonstrate that the polymerization predominantly proceeds through direct co‐polymerization of epoxide and carbon monoxide, unveiling a unique and efficient mechanism for PHA synthesis.
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Behavior of a Novel Series of Trinuclear Windwheel Complexes
Authors: Luo Rong , Xie Chen‐Ze , Chen Ming‐Guang , Shi Hai‐Yan , Kong Xiang‐Jian , Fan Yu‐Hua , Shao Feng
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A new family of trinuclear windwheel complexes with molecular formula [MII3(tpa)3(μ‐ttc)](ClO4)3·n(sol) (ttc = 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trithiol; tpa = tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine; M = Mn, n = 2, sol = CH3CN, 1; M = Co, n = 1, sol = CH3CN, 2; M = Ni, n = 0, 3) were synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that three metal centers in 1—3 are connected by ttc bridge, forming a regular triangular MII3 core. Each metal center is bonded by chelating S, N atoms from ttc and by N atoms from tpa. Magnetic studies showed that 1—3 displayed antiferromagnetic behavior and further gave the easy‐axis anisotropy (D = −0.77 cm−1 for 1 and −8.13 cm−1 for 2) and easy‐plane anisotropy (D = 5.08 cm−1 for 3). Moreover, 2 exhibited field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior and their effective energy barriers were roughly evaluated Ueff = 6.9 K.
Mediating effect of depression on the association between cardiovascular disease and the risk of all‐cause mortality: NHANES in 2005−2018
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Zhang Huan , Tian Yuan , Wang Yaping , Liu Ling , Wang Lei
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are more likely to have depression than general populations, and meanwhile, depression increased all‐cause mortality. However, the interaction effect of depression on CVD and all‐cause mortality has not been reported yet.

Hypothesis

Herein, we speculate that depression may play an intermediate role in the association of CVD and all‐cause mortality.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data of 33,156 adults (≥20 years old) were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in 2005−2018 in this retrospective cohort study. Weighted univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to screen the covariates and to explore the relationship of CVD and depression. Distribution‐of‐product method was used to assess the mediating effect of depression on the association between CVD and all‐cause mortality. The mediating effect of depression was also explored in age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia subgroups. The evaluation indexes were odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Among the participants, 11 514 had CVD, 5844 had depression, and 4759 were died. After adjusting for covariates, CVD was related to high odds of depression (OR = 1.94). Depression played an intermediate role in CVD and all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.23) with a mediational percentage of 9.13%. Subgroup analyses also showed this mediating effect existed in adults of different age, gender, DM and dyslipidemia status (all p < .05).

Conclusion

The intermediate effect of depression may help clinicians to early identify high‐risk populations and provide some reference for disease management and mortality reduction.
Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants: Insights from the GARFIELD‐AF and ORBIT‐AF registries
Authors: Lim Toon Wei , Camm Alan John , Virdone Saverio , Singer Daniel E. , Bassand Jean P. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Fox Keith A. A. , Ezekowitz Michael , Gersh Bernard J. , Kayani Gloria , Hylek Elaine M. , Kakkar Ajay K. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Pieper Karen S. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   for the GARFIELD‐AF and ORBIT‐AF Investigators
Published: August 2023

Background

An unmet need exists to reliably predict the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs).

Hypothesis

An externally validated model improves ICH risk stratification.

Methods

Independent factors associated with ICH were identified by Cox proportional hazard modeling, using pooled data from the GARFIELD‐AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD‐Atrial Fibrillation) and ORBIT‐AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) registries. A predictive model was developed and validated by bootstrap sampling and by independent data from the Danish National Patient Register.

Results

In the combined training data set, 284 of 53 878 anticoagulated patients had ICH over a 2‐year period (0.31 per 100 person‐years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.35). Independent predictors of ICH included: older age, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, concomitant antiplatelet (AP) use, and moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were associated with a significantly higher risk of ICH compared with non‐VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.25–2.08; p = .0002). The ability of the model to discriminate individuals in the training set with and without ICH was fair (optimism‐corrected C‐statistic: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65–0.71) and outperformed three previously published methods. Calibration between predicted and observed ICH probabilities was good in both training and validation data sets.

Conclusions

Age, prior ischemic events, concomitant AP therapy, and CKD were important risk factors for ICH in anticoagulated AF patients. Moreover, ICH was more frequent in patients receiving VKA compared to NOAC. The new validated model is a step toward mitigating this potentially lethal complication.
Compute units in OpenMP: Extensions for heterogeneous parallel programming
Authors: Gonzàlez‐Tallada Marc , Morancho Enric
Published: August 2023

This article evaluates the current support for heterogeneous OpenMP 5.2 applications regarding the simultaneous activation of host and device computing units (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, or FPGAs). The article identifies limitations in the current OpenMP specification and describes the design and implementation of novel OpenMP extensions and runtime support for heterogeneous parallel programming. The Compute Unit (CUs) abstraction is introduced in the OpenMP programming model. The Compute Unit abstraction is defined in terms of an aggregation of computing elements (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs). On top of CUs, the article describes dynamic work sharing constructs and schedulers that address the inherent differences in compute power of host and device CUs. New constructs and the corresponding runtime support are described for the new abstractions. The article evaluates the case of a hybrid multilevel parallelization of the NPB‐MZ benchmark suite. The implementation exploits both coarse‐grain and fine‐grain parallelism, mapped to CUs of different nature (GPUs and CPUs). All CUs are activated using the new extensions and runtime support. We compare hybrid and nonhybrid executions under two state‐of‐the‐art work‐distribution schemes (Static and Dynamic Task schedulers). On a computing node composed of one AMD EPYC 7742 @ 2.250GHz (64 cores and 2 threads/core, totalling 128 threads per node) and 2 GPU AMD Radeon Instinct MI50 with 32GB, hybrid executions present speedups from 1.08 up to 3.18 with respect to a nonhybrid GPU implementation, depending on the number of activated CUs.
Effect of Hf Substitution on Mechanical Properties of TiNbTaZr Medium Entropy Alloy by First Principle Calculation
Authors: Chen Huai‐Hao , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Hai‐Bo , Wang Li‐Xin , Deng Lin‐Hong
Published: August 2023

In order to explore the mechanism of mechanical properties of TiNbTaZr after non‐Ti elements are replaced by Hf from the perspective of electronic structure. Analyzing the structural characteristics of TiNbTaZr, TiHfNbZr, TiNbHfZr, and TiNbTaHf medium entropy alloys by solid solution characteristic parameters. Establishing the corresponding structural models and dealing with the first‐principles calculations. By analyzing the binding energy and formation enthalpy, it is determined that these four alloys are metastable β‐Ti alloys of disordered solid solution, and the thermodynamic stability of the structure is confirmed by phonon spectrum. The elastic constants, Poisson's ratio, and hardness of these four alloys show that the strength of Hf‐containing alloys is improved and the ductility is slightly reduced compared with TiNbTaZr. From the analysis of population and density of states, it is concluded that the reason for the above phenomenon is that Hf will cause the improvement of bonding stability and covalency of alloy materials, thus promoting the improvement of theoretical strength of alloys. TiNbHfZr exhibits excellent properties of high strength and low elastic modulus and has good ductility.
Energy‐efficient resource allocation over wireless communication systems through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Shukla Kirti , Kollu Archana , Panwar Poonam , Soni Mukesh , Jindal Latika , Patel Hemlata , Keshta Ismail , Maaliw Renato R.
Published: August 2023

As the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) increases, so do the energy requirements of IoT terminal equipment. To address the energy shortage problem of equipment and ensure continuous and stable operation in light of renewable energy and an uncertain environment, a rational and efficient energy allocation strategy is required. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning energy allocation strategy that uses the DQN algorithm to directly interact with the unknown environment. The best energy allocation method is independent of environmental knowledge, and a pretraining algorithm is proposed to maximise the initialization state of the strategy. Experiments of comparison and simulation are conducted under various channel data circumstances. Results indicate that the proposed energy allocation strategy outperforms the current strategy in multiple channel conditions and has a high capacity for adaptation to changing conditions.
Cytology of Rhytidhysteron rufulum: An emerging cause of phaeohyphomycosis
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Gautam Neha , Kaur Harsimran
Published: August 2023

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often the first‐line investigation for detection of any fungal infection. Rhytidhysteron rufulum is an emerging dematiaceous fungus detected as a human pathogen. FNAC combined with molecular techniques helps in the detection of rare fungal species, especially in cases of non‐sporulating fungi. We describe the cytomorphologic features of this species in a 62‐year immunocompetent male who presented with a localised subcutaneous infection. Molecular studies helped in the final diagnosis.
Landscape‐scale floral resource discontinuity decreases bumble bee occurrence and alters community composition
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy , Bernauer Olivia M. , Gaines‐Day Hannah R. , Gratton Claudio
Published: August 2023

Agricultural practices and intensification during the past two centuries have dramatically altered the abundance and temporal continuity of floral resources that support pollinating insects such as bumble bees. Long‐term trends among bumble bees within agricultural regions suggest that intensive agricultural conditions have created inhospitable conditions for some species, while other species have maintained their relative abundances despite landscape‐level changes in flower availability. Bumble bee responses to spatiotemporal resource heterogeneity have been explored at the colony and behavioral level, but we have yet to understand whether these conditions drive community structure and ultimately explain the diverging patterns in long‐term species trends. To explore the relationship between landscape‐level floral resource continuity and the likelihood of bumble bee occurrence, we mapped the relative spatial and temporal availability of floral resources within an intensive agricultural region in the US Upper Midwest and related this resource availability with bumble bee species relative abundance. Across the bee community, we found that relative bumble bee occurrence increases in landscapes containing more abundant and more temporally continuous floral resources. Declining species, such as Bombus terricola, exhibited the strongest, positive responses to resource abundance and continuity whereas common, stable species, such as Bombus impatiens, showed no statistical relationship to either. Together with existing experimental evidence, this work suggests that efforts to increase spatiotemporal flower availability, along with overall flower abundance at landscape scales may have positive effects on bumble bee communities in the US Upper Midwest.
Long‐term livestock exclusion increases plant richness and reproductive capacity in arid woodlands
Authors: Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Healy Al , Silcock Jennifer , Wardle Glenda M. , Dickman Christopher R. , Frank Anke S. K. , Aubault Helene , Barton Kyle , Greenville Aaron C.
Published: August 2023

Herbivore exclusion is implemented globally to recover ecosystems from grazing by introduced and native herbivores, but evidence for large‐scale biodiversity benefits is inconsistent in arid ecosystems. We examined the effects of livestock exclusion on dryland plant richness and reproductive capacity. We collected data on plant species richness and seeding (reproductive capacity), rainfall, vegetation productivity and cover, soil strength and herbivore grazing intensity from 68 sites across 6500 km2 of arid Georgina gidgee (Acacia georginae) woodlands in central Australia between 2018 and 2020. Sites were on an actively grazed cattle station and two destocked conservation reserves. We used structural equation modeling to examine indirect (via soil or vegetation modification) versus direct (herbivory) effects of grazing intensity by two introduced herbivores (cattle, camels) and a native herbivore (red kangaroo), on seasonal plant species richness and seeding of all plants, and the richness and seeding of four plant groups (native grasses, forbs, annual chenopod shrubs, and palatable perennial shrubs). Non‐native herbivores had a strong indirect effect on plant richness and seeding by reducing vegetative ground cover, resulting in decreased richness and seeding of native grasses and forbs. Herbivores also had small but negative direct impacts on plant richness and seeding. This direct effect was explained by reductions in annual chenopod and palatable perennial shrub richness under grazing activity. Responses to grazing were herbivore‐dependent; introduced herbivore grazing reduced native plant richness and seeding, while native herbivore grazing had no significant effect on richness or seeding of different plant functional groups. Soil strength decreased under grazing by cattle but not camels or kangaroos. Cattle had direct effects on palatable perennial shrub richness and seeding, whereas camels had indirect effects, reducing richness and seeding by reducing the abundance of shrubs. We show that considering indirect pathways improves evaluations of the effects of disturbances on biodiversity, as focusing only on direct effects can mask critical mechanisms of change. Our results indicate substantial biodiversity benefits from excluding livestock and controlling camels in drylands. Reducing introduced herbivore impacts will improve soil and vegetation condition, ensure reproduction and seasonal persistence of species, and protect native plant diversity.
Introducing desirable patches to initiate ecosystem transitions and accelerate ecosystem restoration
Authors: Eppinga Maarten B. , Michaels Theo K. , Santos Maria J. , Bever James D.
Published: August 2023

Meeting restoration targets may require active strategies to accelerate natural regeneration rates or overcome the resilience associated with degraded ecosystem states. Introducing desired ecosystem patches in degraded landscapes constitutes a promising active restoration strategy, with various mechanisms potentially causing these patches to become foci from which desired species can re‐establish throughout the landscape. This study considers three mechanisms previously identified as potential drivers of introduced patch dynamics: autocatalytic nucleation, directed dispersal, and resource concentration. These mechanisms reflect qualitatively different positive feedbacks. We developed an ecological model framework that compared how the occurrence of each mechanism was reflected in spatio‐temporal patch dynamics. We then analyzed the implications of these relationships for optimal restoration design. We found that patch expansion accelerated over time when driven by the autocatalytic nucleation mechanism, while patch expansion driven by the directed dispersal or resource concentration mechanisms decelerated over time. Additionally, when driven by autocatalytic nucleation, patch expansion was independent of patch position in the landscape. However, the proximity of other patches affected patch expansion either positively or negatively when driven by directed dispersal or resource concentration. For autocatalytic nucleation, introducing many small patches was a favorable strategy, provided that each individual patch exceeded a critical patch size. Introducing a single patch or a few large patches was the most effective restoration strategy to initiate the directed dispersal mechanism. Introducing many small patches was the most effective strategy for reaching restored ecosystem states driven by a resource concentration mechanism. Our model results suggest that introducing desirable patches can substantially accelerate ecosystem restoration, or even induce a critical transition from an otherwise stable degraded state toward a desired ecosystem state. However, the potential of this type of restoration strategy for a particular ecosystem may strongly depend on the mechanism driving patch dynamics. In turn, which mechanism drives patch dynamics may affect the optimal spatial design of an active restoration strategy. Each of the three mechanisms considered reflects distinct spatio‐temporal patch dynamics, providing novel opportunities for empirically identifying key mechanisms, and restoration designs that introduce desired patches in degraded landscapes according to these patch dynamics.
Logging, linear features, and human infrastructure shape the spatial dynamics of wolf predation on an ungulate neonate
Authors: Johnson‐Bice Sean M. , Gable Thomas D. , Homkes Austin T. , Windels Steve K. , Bump Joseph K. , Bruggink John G.
Published: August 2023

Humans are increasingly recognized as important players in predator–prey dynamics by modifying landscapes. This trend has been well‐documented for large mammal communities in North American boreal forests: logging creates early seral forests that benefit ungulates such as white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), while the combination of infrastructure development and resource extraction practices generate linear features that allow predators such as wolves (Canis lupus) to travel and forage more efficiently throughout the landscape. Disturbances from recreational activities and residential development are other major sources of human activity in boreal ecosystems that may further alter wolf–ungulate dynamics. Here, we evaluate the influence that several major types of anthropogenic landscape modifications (timber harvest, linear features, and residential infrastructure) have on where and how wolves hunt ungulate neonates in a southern boreal forest ecosystem in Minnesota, USA. We demonstrate that each major anthropogenic disturbance significantly influences wolf predation of white‐tailed deer fawns (n = 427 kill sites). In contrast with the “human shield hypothesis” that posits prey use human‐modified areas as refuge, wolves killed fawns closer to residential buildings than expected based on spatial availability. Fawns were also killed within recently‐logged areas more than expected. Concealment cover was higher at kill sites than random sites, suggesting wolves use senses other than vision, probably olfaction, to detect hidden fawns. Wolves showed strong selection for hunting along linear features, and kill sites were also closer to linear features than expected. We hypothesize that linear features facilitated wolf predation on fawns by allowing wolves to travel efficiently among high‐quality prey patches (recently logged areas, near buildings), and also increase encounter rates with olfactory cues that allow them to detect hidden fawns. These findings provide novel insight into the strategies predators use to hunt ungulate neonates and the many ways human activity alters wolf–ungulate neonate predator–prey dynamics, which have remained elusive due to the challenges of locating sites where predators kill small prey. Our research has important management and conservation implications for wolf–ungulate systems subjected to anthropogenic pressures, particularly as the range of overlap between wolves and deer expands and appears to be altering food web dynamics in boreal ecosystems.
Deep‐sea sponge derived environmental DNA analysis reveals demersal fish biodiversity of a remote Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Brodnicke Ole Bjørn , Meyer Heidi Kristina , Busch Kathrin , Xavier Joana R. , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Møller Peter Rask , Hentschel Ute , Sweet Michael John
Published: August 2023

The deep‐sea is vast, remote, and largely underexplored. However, methodological advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys could aid in the exploration efforts, such as using sponges as natural eDNA filters for studying fish biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed the eDNA from 116 sponge tissue samples and compared these to 18 water eDNA samples and visual surveys obtained on an Arctic seamount. Across survey methods, we revealed approximately 30% of the species presumed to inhabit this area and 11 fish species were detected via sponge derived eDNA alone. These included commercially important fish such as the Greenland halibut and Atlantic mackerel. Fish eDNA detection was highly variable across sponge samples. Highest detection rates were found in sponges with low microbial activity such as those from the class Hexactinellida. The different survey methods also detected alternate fish communities, highlighted by only one species overlap between the visual surveys and the sponge eDNA samples. Therefore, we conclude that sponge eDNA can be a useful tool for surveying deep‐sea demersal fish communities and it synergises with visual surveys improving overall biodiversity assessments. Datasets such as this can form comprehensive baselines on fish biodiversity across seamounts, which in turn can inform marine management and conservation practices in the regions where such surveys are undertaken.
Second‐Generation Total Synthesis of the Pigment Aurantricholone
Authors: Koblischek Philip , Brückner Reinhard
Published: August 2023

Our first total synthesis of aurantricholone established its benzotropolone core by the ring‐enlargement of a tetralone. Here we describe another total synthesis of aurantricholone. It reaches the benzotropolone core from a known olefin metathesis product via an equally known dibromide, both of which contain a ketoketal moiety. The next transformation ‐ step 9 overall ‐ engaged this motif in a β‐elimination of ROH rather than in a hydrolysis under the forcing acidic conditions indispensable in all prior benzotropolone preparations from such an intermediate. In step 10, the Csp2−Br bonds of the elimination product underwent two doubly Z‐selective Suzuki couplings with a boronylated O‐methyl 4‐methylidenetetronate. This gave penta(O‐methyl)aurantricholone. Its NMR shifts matched essentially those of a derivative of natural aurantricholone by Steglich et al. Three O−Me bonds were cleaved with BBr3/CH2Cl2 (step 11) and two O−Me bonds with LiBr/DMF (step 12). A 1 : 3 co‐crystal of aurantricholone and DMSO allowed for an X‐ray structure analysis.
Revitalizing the grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dong Shikui
Published: August 2023

Grassland is the largest ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and provides multiple ecosystem functions and services. Understanding the endowment of the QTP grassland and how to revitalize it have profound implications for the sustainable use and efficient conservation of these unique and globally valuable ecosystems. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the QTP grassland in regional and global settings, stress the values of the QTP grassland in ecological and socioeconomic dimensions, and emphasize the actions needed to restore degraded grassland in the QTP region. The QTP is the largest single area of alpine grassland in the world and an important gene pool of alpine biological resources. The QTP grassland covers two critical ecoregions for conserving the best and most representative habitats for alpine biodiversity on the planet. The QTP grassland is also regarded as one of the best carriers and objects of socio‐ecological systems in the world. To promote the resilience and sustainability of the QTP grassland through adaptation, different parties need to work together to find feasible options to resist shock, stresses, and disturbance and to maintain the fundamental functions and basic structures of the QTP grassland.
Investigating the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and factors affecting it: A cross‐sectional study at Dr. Moaven Hospital, Sahneh City from 2014 to 2021
Authors: Ziapour Arash , Hatami Garosi Vahid , Tamri Yasaman , Ghazvineh Shohreh , Azizi Ali
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is referred to an attempt to maintain the respiratory system and blood circulation active to oxygenate the body's important organs until the heart and blood circulation system return to normal. CPR results are influenced by a variety of circumstances and factors. The purpose of this study was to look into the outcomes of CPR and the factors that influence them at the Dr. Moaven Hospital in Sahneh.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive study was carried out retrospectively from the start of 2014 to the start of 2021. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences provides hospitals with a two‐page form for data collection. After entering the data into SPSS24, descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to analyze the results.

Results

Out of 497 patients who referred to Dr. Moaven Hospital in Sahne City, 280 were men and 217 were women, with a resuscitation success rate of 22.5% in men and 23.5% in women. CPR was conducted on 63.2% of patients in the emergency department, with 22.2% of them having successful CPR. The existence of the underlying disease had a statistically significant link with the outcomes of CPR (p = 0.007). The most prevalent cause for visit was cardiorespiratory arrest (30.6%), and there was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic and reason for visit and the outcome of resuscitation, according to the χ2 test.

Conclusion

According to the findings of this study, increasing age and duration of CPR, the existence of underlying diseases, and the absence of shockable rhythms all reduce the likelihood of success in CPR.