bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Age of Floodplain Levels Along the Lower Section of River Tisza, Hungary
Authors: Sipos György , Kiss Tímea , Tóth Orsolya
Published: August 2016

During the Late Pelistocene-Holocene transition the fluvial landscape of the Great Hungarian Plain changed considerably as a consequence of tectonic, climatic and geomorphological factors. Geochronology, and especially luminescence dating, is a very important tool in reconstructing these changes. The present study focuses on the Lower-Tisza region and addresses the timing of the development of different floodplain levels. In the meantime the luminescence characteristics of the investigated alluvial sediments were also assessed, with a special emphasis on the comparison of silty fine grain and sandy coarse grain results, as in the given medium and low energy environment fine grain sediments are more abundant, however, based on the literature, coarse grain samples are more reliable in terms of luminescence dating. Measurements were performed on 12 samples originating from the point bars of two large palaeo-meanders, representing different floodplain levels along the river. Results indicate the applicability of both grain size fractions for dating purposes, though fine grain subsamples overestimate in average by 1.5 ka the ages yielded by coarse grain subsamples. Consequently, fine grain samples can be used for outlining only general trends, and results need to be controlled by coarse grain measurements where possible. Based on the ages received, the upper floodplain was actively formed until 13-15 ka, when incision and the development of an intermediate floodplain level started. The meander on the intermediate flood plain level developed then very actively until 9 ka. As indicated by the received age information the intensity of meander formation could be highly affected by climatic and especially vegetation control. However, reconstruction can be refined later by further sampling and the application of the results of the present paper.
A density functional theory insight into the structure and reactivity of diphenyltin(IV) derivative of glycylphenylalanine
Authors: Pokharia Sandeep , Joshi Rachana , Pokharia Mamta , Yadav Swatantra Kumar , Mishra Hirdyesh
Published: August 2016

The quantum-chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) have been performed on the diphenyltin(IV) derivative of glycyl-phenylalanine (H2L) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)/LANL2DZ(Sn) level of theory without any symmetry constraint. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed at the same level of theory to find the true potential energy surface minima. The various geometrical and thermochemical parameters for the studied complex are obtained in the gas phase. The atomic charges at all the atoms were calculated using the Mulliken population analysis, the Hirshfeld population analysis, and the natural population analysis. The charge distribution within the studied complex is explained on the basis of molecular electrostatic potential maps, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and conceptual DFT-based reactivity (global and local) descriptors, using the finite difference approximation method. The nature of O-Sn, N-Sn, N→Sn, and C-Sn bonds is discussed in terms of the conceptual DFT-based reactivity descriptors. The structural analysis of the studied complex has been conducted in terms of the selected bond lengths and bond angles. The structural and the atomic charge analyses suggest a distorted trigonal bipyramidal arrangement consisting of negatively charged centers around the positively charged central Sn atom.
“Professional Amateurs”. Metal Detecting and Metal Detectorists in Denmark
Authors: Dobat Andres S. , Jensen Astrid T.
Published: August 2016

From the beginning of metal-detector based archaeology practiced by members of the public, the
formal heritage sector in Denmark determined to pursue a liberal model based on cooperation and inclusion
rather than confrontation and criminalization. Based on the findings of the ‘2015 Danish detectorists survey’
it is argued that Danish metal-detector archaeology has challenged the classic division of roles in archaeology
and heritage management, and that at least a large proportion of Danish detectorists practice their hobby
adhering to the highest professional standards, which stand in sharp contrast to the often-cited stereotype of
the detectorists as mere ‘treasure hunter’.
CD44 expression trends of mesenchymal stem-derived cell, cancer cell and fibroblast spheroids on chitosan-coated surfaces
Authors: Tsai Ching-Wen , Young Tai-Horng
Published: August 2016

CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein, plays an important role in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and other biological functions, which are related with the physiological and pathologic activities of cells. Especially, CD44 is extensively expressed within adult bone marrow and has been considered as an important marker for some cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various types of tumors. Therefore, it is essential to understand the variations in CD44 expression of stem cells and cancer cells for further clinical applications. In this paper, CD44 expression was assessed on a human colon cancer cell line (SW620), a human mesenchymal stem-like cell line (3A6), and a human foreskin fibroblast line (Hs68). We used chitosan to establish a suspension culture model to develop multicellular spheroids to mimic a three-dimension (3D) in vivo environment. Obviously, CD44 expression on 3A6 and SW620 cells was dynamic and diverse when they were in the aggregated state suspended on chitosan, while Hs68 cells were relatively stable. Furthermore, we discuss how to regulate CD44 expression of 3A6 and SW620 cells by the interactions between cell and cell, cell and chitosan, as well as cell and microenvironment. Finally, the possible mechanism of chitosan to control CD44 expression of cells is proposed, which may lead to the careful use of chitosan for potential clinical applications.
Adaptive Aid on Targeted Robot Manipulator Movements in Tele-Assistance
Authors: Stoelen Martin F. , Tejada Virginia F. , Jardón Alberto , Bonsignorio Fabio , Balaguer Carlos
Published: August 2016

The teleoperation of robot manipulators over the internet suffers from variable delays in the communications. Here we address a tele-assistance scenario, where a remote operator assists a disabled or elderly user on daily life tasks. Our behavioral approach uses local environment information from robot sensing to help enable faster execution for a given movement tolerance. This is achieved through a controller that automatically slows the operator down before having collisions, using a set of distributed proximity sensors. The controller is made to gradually increase the assistance in situations similar to those where ollisions have occurred in the past, thus adapting to the given operator, robot and task-set. Two controlled virtual experiments for tele-assistance with a 5 DOF manipulator were performed, with 300 ms and 600 ms mean variable round-trip delays. The results showed significant improvements in the median times of 12.6% and 16.5%, respectively. Improvements in the subjective workload were also seen with the controller. A first implementation on a physical robot manipulator is described.
Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber/polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane (CF/PLA/TPU) composites prepared by a vane mixer
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Wang Liang , Li Sai , He Guangjian , Yang Zhitao , Feng Yanhong , Qu Jinping
Published: August 2016

Various quantities of carbon fibers (CFs) (from 5% to 20% in weight) were added to matrix by melt blending to produce polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/CF composites. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the CF content and mixing time had little influence on the crystallization and melting behavior of PLA. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the introduction of CFs tended to decrease the thermal stability of PLA/TPU/CF composites, and the increase of mixing time tended to increase the thermal stability of PLA/TPU/CF composites when the mixing time is <5 min. Rheological results showed that all the samples exhibited non-Newtonian and shear thinning characteristics. The storage modulus and complex viscosity both increased with the increase of the CF content. It also showed that the increase of mixing time tended to increase the storage modulus and complex viscosity of PLA/TPU/CF composites when the mixing time is <5 min. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the TPU/PLA blends contain a continuous PLA phase with evenly distributed TPU particles in the size range of 0.25–3 μm, and the blends are immiscible at the micron scale. Mechanical properties showed that the addition of proper CF content could lead to an obvious increase (about 11.43%) in tensile strength.
L1 variation in object pronominalisation, and the import of pragmatics
Authors: Gavarró Anna
Published: August 2016

Much work on referential expressions in monolingual and bilingual acquisition rests on the assumption that early grammars licence null objects even when they are not possible in the corresponding target grammar, in virtue of discourse-pragmatic licencing. This proposal has been made mainly with reference to third person object pronominalisation. Less attention has been given to other pronouns. Here, I show how the pragmatic account of third person object pronouns (along the lines of Serratrice et al. [2004, Crosslinguistic influence in the syntax-pragmatics interface: Subjects and objects in English-Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(3). 182–205], in the spirit of Hulk and Müller [2000, Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3(3). 227–244], Müller and Hulk [2001, Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4(1). 1–21]) does not extend to clitics instantiating other person specifications or other grammatical functions. I present an alternative analysis, in terms of the Unique Checking Constraint (Wexler [1998, Very early parameter setting and the unique checking constraint: A new explanation for the optional infinitive stage. Lingua 106. 23–79]) that offers a generalisation over other clitics, in particular indirect object clitics and first person object clitics, which are generally preserved in child grammar – as witnessed by two experiments run on Catalan L1 reported here.
Simulating Cortical Feedback Modulation as Changes in Excitation and Inhibition in a Cortical Circuit Model
Authors: Zagha Edward , Murray John D. , McCormick David A.
Published: August 2016

Cortical feedback pathways are hypothesized to distribute context-dependent signals during flexible behavior. Recent experimental work has attempted to understand the mechanisms by which cortical feedback inputs modulate their target regions. Within the mouse whisker sensorimotor system, cortical feedback stimulation modulates spontaneous activity and sensory responsiveness, leading to enhanced sensory representations. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unknown. In this study we use a simplified neural circuit model, which includes two recurrent excitatory populations and global inhibition, to simulate cortical modulation. First, we demonstrate how changes in the strengths of excitation and inhibition alter the input–output processing responses of our model. Second, we compare these responses with experimental findings from cortical feedback stimulation. Our analyses predict that enhanced inhibition underlies the changes in spontaneous and sensory evoked activity observed experimentally. More generally, these analyses provide a framework for relating cellular and synaptic properties to emergent circuit function and dynamic modulation.
IGFBP1 increases β‐cell regeneration by promoting α‐ to β‐cell transdifferentiation
Authors: Lu Jing , Liu Ka‐Cheuk , Schulz Nadja , Karampelias Christos , Charbord Jérémie , Hilding Agneta , Rautio Linn , Bertolino Philippe , Östenson Claes‐Göran , Brismar Kerstin , Andersson Olov
Published: August 2016

There is great interest in therapeutically harnessing endogenous regenerative mechanisms to increase the number of β cells in people with diabetes. By performing whole‐genome expression profiling of zebrafish islets, we identified 11 secreted proteins that are upregulated during β‐cell regeneration. We then tested the proteins' ability to potentiate β‐cell regeneration in zebrafish at supraphysiological levels. One protein, insulin‐like growth factor (Igf) binding‐protein 1 (Igfbp1), potently promoted β‐cell regeneration by potentiating α‐ to β‐cell transdifferentiation. Using various inhibitors and activators of the Igf pathway, we show that Igfbp1 exerts its regenerative effect, at least partly, by inhibiting Igf signaling. Igfbp1's effect on transdifferentiation appears conserved across species: Treating mouse and human islets with recombinant IGFBP1 in vitro increased the number of cells co‐expressing insulin and glucagon threefold. Moreover, a prospective human study showed that having high IGFBP1 levels reduces the risk of developing type‐2 diabetes by more than 85%. Thus, we identify IGFBP1 as an endogenous promoter of β‐cell regeneration and highlight its clinical importance in diabetes.
Uncontrolled diabetes predicts poor response to novel antiandrogens
Authors: Karantanos Theodoros , Karanika Styliani , Gignac Gretchen
Published: August 2016

Metabolic abnormalities including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia have been associated with worse prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), but there are limited data regarding their impact on the prognosis of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the response of novel antiandrogens, namely abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide. Retrospective analysis of 61 patients with CRPC on AA or enzalutamide, treated at the Boston Medical Center, was performed. We evaluated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), HDL, LDL, Triglycerides and BMI within 2months before the initiation of treatment with AA or enzalutamide and progression-free survival (PFS) under this treatment. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the data. HbA1c levels were found to predict adversely the PFS on the novel agents (df (1, 37),P=0.00,R2=0.40, coeff=−3.28). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that there is significant difference in survival between the HbA1c 4.7–5.9% compared with patients with HbA1c 7.8–11.6% (6.72±1.3months, log rank testP<0.0001) LDL (P=0.07), HDL (P=0.14), and triglycerides (P=0.33) were not found to predict PFS. BMI predicted PFS positively (df (1.59),P=0.02,R2=0.09, coeff=0.03), but not independently of HbA1c (P=0.07). No significant implications of social and family history, previous chemotherapy regimen, and Gleason score with PFS were found. Multiple markers of patients’ health state were not associated with HbA1c values. Uncontrolled diabetes can predict for poor response of CRPC patients to AA and enzalutamide determining PFS under this treatment. Elevated BMI can positively affect PFS at this stage of disease.
A Genome-Wide Screen for Dendritically Localized RNAs Identifies Genes Required for Dendrite Morphogenesis
Authors: Misra Mala , Edmund Hendia , Ennis Darragh , Schlueter Marissa A , Marot Jessica E , Tambasco Janet , Barlow Ida , Sigurbjornsdottir Sara , Mathew Renjith , Vallés Ana Maria , Wojciech Waldemar , Roth Siegfried , Davis Ilan , Leptin Maria , Gavis Elizabeth R
Published: August 2016

Localizing messenger RNAs at specific subcellular sites is a conserved mechanism for targeting the synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins to distinct subcellular domains, thereby generating the asymmetric protein distributions necessary for cellular and developmental polarity. However, the full range of transcripts that are asymmetrically distributed in specialized cell types, and the significance of their localization, especially in the nervous system, are not known. We used the EP-MS2 method, which combines EP transposon insertion with the MS2/MCP in vivo fluorescent labeling system, to screen for novel localized transcripts in polarized cells, focusing on the highly branched Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization neurons. Of a total of 541 lines screened, we identified 55 EP-MS2 insertions producing transcripts that were enriched in neuronal processes, particularly in dendrites. The 47 genes identified by these insertions encode molecularly diverse proteins, and are enriched for genes that function in neuronal development and physiology. RNAi-mediated knockdown confirmed roles for many of the candidate genes in dendrite morphogenesis. We propose that the transport of mRNAs encoded by these genes into the dendrites allows their expression to be regulated on a local scale during the dynamic developmental processes of dendrite outgrowth, branching, and/or remodeling.
A Population of Deletion Mutants and an Integrated Mapping and Exome-seq Pipeline for Gene Discovery in Maize
Authors: Jia Shangang , Li Aixia , Morton Kyla , Avoles-Kianian Penny , Kianian Shahryar F , Zhang Chi , Holding David
Published: August 2016

To better understand maize endosperm filling and maturation, we used γ-irradiation of the B73 maize reference line to generate mutants with opaque endosperm and reduced kernel fill phenotypes, and created a population of 1788 lines including 39 Mo17 × F2s showing stable, segregating, and viable kernel phenotypes. For molecular characterization of the mutants, we developed a novel functional genomics platform that combined bulked segregant RNA and exome sequencing (BSREx-seq) to map causative mutations and identify candidate genes within mapping intervals. To exemplify the utility of the mutants and provide proof-of-concept for the bioinformatics platform, we present detailed characterization of line 937, an opaque mutant harboring a 6203 bp in-frame deletion covering six exons within the Opaque-1 gene. In addition, we describe mutant line 146 which contains a 4.8 kb intragene deletion within the Sugary-1 gene and line 916 in which an 8.6 kb deletion knocks out a Cyclin A2 gene. The publically available algorithm developed in this work improves the identification of causative deletions and its corresponding gaps within mapping peaks. This study demonstrates the utility of γ-irradiation for forward genetics in large nondense genomes such as maize since deletions often affect single genes. Furthermore, we show how this classical mutagenesis method becomes applicable for functional genomics when combined with state-of-the-art genomics tools.
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Regulators of Micronucleus Formation in Mice
Authors: McIntyre Rebecca E , Nicod Jérôme , Robles-Espinoza Carla Daniela , Maciejowski John , Cai Na , Hill Jennifer , Verstraten Ruth , Iyer Vivek , Rust Alistair G , Balmus Gabriel , Mott Richard , Flint Jonathan , Adams David J
Published: August 2016

In mammals the regulation of genomic instability plays a key role in tumor suppression and also controls genome plasticity, which is important for recombination during the processes of immunity and meiosis. Most studies to identify regulators of genomic instability have been performed in cells in culture or in systems that report on gross rearrangements of the genome, yet subtle differences in the level of genomic instability can contribute to whole organism phenotypes such as tumor predisposition. Here we performed a genome-wide association study in a population of 1379 outbred Crl:CFW(SW)-US_P08 mice to dissect the genetic landscape of micronucleus formation, a biomarker of chromosomal breaks, whole chromosome loss, and extranuclear DNA. Variation in micronucleus levels is a complex trait with a genome-wide heritability of 53.1%. We identify seven loci influencing micronucleus formation (false discovery rate <5%), and define candidate genes at each locus. Intriguingly at several loci we find evidence for sexual dimorphism in micronucleus formation, with a locus on chromosome 11 being specific to males.
Mutations inDnaaf1andLrrc48Cause Hydrocephalus, Laterality Defects, and Sinusitis in Mice
Authors: Ha Seungshin , Lindsay Anna M , Timms Andrew E , Beier David R
Published: August 2016

We have previously described a forward genetic screen in mice for abnormalities of brain development. Characterization of two hydrocephalus mutants by whole-exome sequencing after whole-genome SNP mapping revealed novel recessive mutations in Dnaaf1 and Lrrc48. Mouse mutants of these two genes have not been previously reported. The Dnaaf1 mutant carries a mutation at the splice donor site of exon 4, which results in abnormal transcripts. The Lrrc48 mutation is a missense mutation at a highly conserved leucine residue, which is also associated with a decrease in Lrrc48 transcription. Both Dnaaf1 and Lrrc48 belong to a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family and are components of the ciliary axoneme. Their Chlamydomonas orthologs are known to be required for normal ciliary beat frequency or flagellar waveform, respectively. Some Dnaaf1 or Lrrc48 homozygote mutants displayed laterality defects, suggesting a motile cilia defect in the embryonic node. Mucus accumulation and neutrophil infiltration in the maxillary sinuses suggested sinusitis. Dnaaf1 mutants showed postnatal lethality, and none survived to weaning age. Lrrc48 mutants survive to adulthood, but had male infertility. ARL13B immunostaining showed the presence of motile cilia in the mutants, and the distal distribution of DNAH9 in the axoneme of upper airway motile cilia appeared normal. The phenotypic abnormalities suggest that mutations in Dnaaf1 and Lrrc48 cause defects in motile cilia function.
flyDIVaS: A Comparative Genomics Resource for Drosophila Divergence and Selection
Authors: Stanley Craig E , Kulathinal Rob J
Published: August 2016

With arguably the best finished and expertly annotated genome assembly, Drosophila melanogaster is a formidable genetics model to study all aspects of biology. Nearly a decade ago, the 12 Drosophila genomes project expanded D. melanogaster’s breadth as a comparative model through the community-development of an unprecedented genus- and genome-wide comparative resource. However, since its inception, these datasets for evolutionary inference and biological discovery have become increasingly outdated, outmoded, and inaccessible. Here, we provide an updated and upgradable comparative genomics resource of Drosophila divergence and selection, flyDIVaS, based on the latest genomic assemblies, curated FlyBase annotations, and recent OrthoDB orthology calls. flyDIVaS is an online database containing D. melanogaster-centric orthologous gene sets, CDS and protein alignments, divergence statistics (% gaps, dN, dS, dN/dS), and codon-based tests of positive Darwinian selection. Out of 13,920 protein-coding D. melanogaster genes, ∼80% have one aligned ortholog in the closely related species, D. simulans, and ∼50% have 1–1 12-way alignments in the original 12 sequenced species that span over 80 million yr of divergence. Genes and their orthologs can be chosen from four different taxonomic datasets differing in phylogenetic depth and coverage density, and visualized via interactive alignments and phylogenetic trees. Users can also batch download entire comparative datasets. A functional survey finds conserved mitotic and neural genes, highly diverged immune and reproduction-related genes, more conspicuous signals of divergence across tissue-specific genes, and an enrichment of positive selection among highly diverged genes. flyDIVaS will be regularly updated and can be freely accessed at www.flydivas.info. We encourage researchers to regularly use this resource as a tool for biological inference and discovery, and in their classrooms to help train the next generation of biologists to creatively use such genomic big data resources in an integrative manner.
Interallelic Transcriptional Enhancement as an in Vivo Measure of Transvection in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Noble Geoffrey P , Dolph Patrick J , Supattapone Surachai
Published: August 2016

Transvection—pairing-dependent interallelic regulation resulting from enhancer action in trans—occurs throughout the Drosophila melanogaster genome, likely as a result of the extensive somatic homolog pairing seen in Dipteran species. Recent studies of transvection in Drosophila have demonstrated important qualitative differences between enhancer action in cisvs.in trans, as well as a modest synergistic effect of cis- and trans-acting enhancers on total tissue transcript levels at a given locus. In the present study, we identify a system in which cis- and trans-acting GAL4-UAS enhancer synergism has an unexpectedly large quantitative influence on gene expression, boosting total tissue transcript levels at least fourfold relative to those seen in the absence of transvection. We exploit this strong quantitative effect by using publicly available UAS-shRNA constructs from the TRiP library to assay candidate genes for transvection activity in vivo. The results of the present study, which demonstrate that in trans activation by simple UAS enhancers can have large quantitative effects on gene expression in Drosophila, have important new implications for experimental design utilizing the GAL4-UAS system.
Efficient CRISPR-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using Multiplexed crRNA Expression
Authors: Zebec Ziga , Zink Isabelle Anna , Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa
Published: August 2016

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-mediated RNA degradation is catalyzed by a type III system in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Earlier work demonstrated that the system can be engineered to target specifically mRNA of an endogenous host reporter gene, namely the β-galactosidase in S. solfataricus. Here, we investigated the effect of single and multiple spacers targeting the mRNA of a second reporter gene, α-amylase, at the same, and at different, locations respectively, using a minimal CRISPR (miniCR) locus supplied on a viral shuttle vector. The use of increasing numbers of spacers reduced mRNA levels at progressively higher levels, with three crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs) leading to ∼ 70–80% reduction, and five spacers resulting in an α-amylase gene knockdown of > 90% measured on both mRNA and protein activity levels. Our results indicate that this technology can be used to increase or modulate gene knockdown for efficient post-transcriptional gene silencing in hyperthermophilic archaea, and potentially also in other organisms.
The Genetic Architecture of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Evidence for a Gene-by-Environment Interaction
Authors: Lavinsky Joel , Ge Marshall , Crow Amanda L , Pan Calvin , Wang Juemei , Salehi Pezhman , Myint Anthony , Eskin Eleazar , Allayee Hooman , Lusis Aldons J , Friedman Rick A
Published: August 2016

The discovery of environmentally specific genetic effects is crucial to the understanding of complex traits, such as susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We describe the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for NIHL in a large and well-characterized population of inbred mouse strains, known as the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). We recorded auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds both pre and post 2-hr exposure to 10-kHz octave band noise at 108 dB sound pressure level in 5–6-wk-old female mice from the HMDP (4–5 mice/strain). From the observation that NIHL susceptibility varied among the strains, we performed a GWAS with correction for population structure and mapped a locus on chromosome 6 that was statistically significantly associated with two adjacent frequencies. We then used a “genetical genomics” approach that included the analysis of cochlear eQTLs to identify candidate genes within the GWAS QTL. In order to validate the gene-by-environment interaction, we compared the effects of the postnoise exposure locus with that from the same unexposed strains. The most significant SNP at chromosome 6 (rs37517079) was associated with noise susceptibility, but was not significant at the same frequencies in our unexposed study. These findings demonstrate that the genetic architecture of NIHL is distinct from that of unexposed hearing levels and provide strong evidence for gene-by-environment interactions in NIHL.
Ctr9, a Key Component of the Paf1 Complex, Affects Proliferation and Terminal Differentiation in the DevelopingDrosophilaNervous System
Authors: Bahrampour Shahrzad , Thor Stefan
Published: August 2016

The Paf1 protein complex (Paf1C) is increasingly recognized as a highly conserved and broadly utilized regulator of a variety of transcriptional processes. These include the promotion of H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation, H2BK123 ubiquitination, RNA Pol II transcriptional termination, and also RNA-mediated gene silencing. Paf1C contains five canonical protein components, including Paf1 and Ctr9, which are critical for overall complex integrity, as well as Rtf1, Leo1, and Cdc73/Parafibromin(Hrpt2)/Hyrax. In spite of a growing appreciation for the importance of Paf1C from yeast and mammalian studies, there has only been limited work in Drosophila. Here, we provide the first detailed phenotypic study of Ctr9 function in Drosophila. We found that Ctr9 mutants die at late embryogenesis or early larval life, but can be partly rescued by nervous system reexpression of Ctr9. We observed a number of phenotypes in Ctr9 mutants, including increased neuroblast numbers, increased nervous system proliferation, as well as downregulation of many neuropeptide genes. Analysis of cell cycle and regulatory gene expression revealed upregulation of the E2f1 cell cycle factor, as well as changes in Antennapedia and Grainy head expression. We also found reduction of H3K4me3 modification in the embryonic nervous system. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis points to additional downstream genes that may underlie these Ctr9 phenotypes, revealing gene expression changes in Notch pathway target genes, cell cycle genes, and neuropeptide genes. In addition, we find significant effects on the gene expression of metabolic genes. These findings reveal that Ctr9 is an essential gene that is necessary at multiple stages of nervous system development, and provides a starting point for future studies of the Paf1C in Drosophila.
Análises das diretrizes para o apoio institucional das gestões da Atenção Básica das capitais brasileiras
Authors: Melo Lygia Maria de Figueiredo , Martiniano Claudia Santos , Guimarães Jacileide , Souza Marize Barros de , Rocha Paulo de Medeiros
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se investigar os limites e as potencialidades das diretrizes gerais das gestões da Atenção Básica das capitais brasileiras para o apoio institucional. O estudo é descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado de fevereiro a outubro de 2014, a partir do módulo IV do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Incluíram-se 22 formulários de gestão de capitais brasileiras analisados com o software Atlas ti.7.1 e análise de conteúdo. Nas capitais brasileiras, as condições de gerir os processos para a institucionalização do apoio não é uma realidade predominante. Conclui-se que essas gestões precisam ser apoiadas na condução desses processos.
O apoiador institucional da Atenção Básica: a experiência em um município do interior paulista
Authors: Bellini Marcella , Pio Danielle Abdel Massih , Chirelli Mara Quaglio
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com sete apoiadoras institucionais de um município do interior paulista, com o objetivo de verificar o processo experiencial na gestão da Atenção Básica. A partir da análise de conteúdo temática, foi discutida a construção da experiência, da identidade e a necessidade da supervisão-apoio do apoiador institucional. Consideram-se as barreiras na construção de novas práticas de atenção à saúde e de gestão, com o desafio de institucionalizar a proposta e fortalecer a Educação Permanente, como ferramentas para a reorganização da gestão da Atenção Básica.
Estratégia Saúde da Família na coordenação do cuidado em região de saúde na Bahia
Authors: Santos Adriano Maia dos , Giovanella Ligia
Published: August 2016

Este artigo analisa limites e possibilidades de coordenação do cuidado por Equipes de Saúde da Família em região de saúde, Bahia. Trata-se de estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, numa região de saúde que abrange dezenove municípios. Resultados emergiram das análises de dados coletados em 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores, nove grupos focais, observações e documentos. Na região, equipes têm dificuldades na retaguarda assistencial, limitando a continuidade do cuidado e a resolubilidade dos casos que precisam de suporte especializado. Os fluxos comunicacionais incipientes entre diferentes pontos da rede não viabilizam a coordenação do cuidado por Equipes de Saúde da Família.
Movimento da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira: um projeto civilizatório de globalização alternativa e construção de um pensamento pós-abissal
Authors: Souto Lúcia Regina Florentino , Oliveira Maria Helena Barros de
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender os desafios colocados à efetivação do direito à saúde, proclamado na Constituição de 1988, na perspectiva dos valores afirmados pelo projeto civilizatório do Movimento da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (MRSB). Inicialmente destacamos a dimensão civilizatória do MRSB e enfatizamos o seu caráter contra-hegemônico, nas dimensões política e epistemológica. Demarca um processo constituinte de direitos e a criação/produção de um novo campo de conhecimento, a saúde coletiva, o que permite, na nossa opinião, alinhá-lo no pensamento pós-abissal, uma ecologia de saberes.
Economia moral e modelos de atenção no cuidado com gestantes que usam crack
Authors: Macedo Fernanda dos Santos de , Machado Paula Sandrine
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este artigo resultou de uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre a atenção a gestantes que usam crack, tomando como fio analítico-conceitual a noção de economia moral. A etnografia foi realizada em dois serviços públicos de saúde (Hospital e Consultório na Rua). Visou-se analisar uma das dimensões que conformam a economia moral, os elementos referentes aos modelos de atenção e como esses são enfatizados e atualizados nos serviços. Percebeu-se que elementos dos modelos, ao serem acionados nos serviços, influenciam as práticas de cuidado, refletindo na percepção e posicionamento das equipes diante da relação com as gestantes, bem como do tratamento e direitos delas e de seus bebês.
Inquérito sobre condições de saúde de mulheres encarceradas
Authors: Audi Celene Aparecida Ferrari , Santiago Silvia Maria , Andrade Maria da Graça Garcia , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de saúde de mulheres encarceradas. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.013 mulheres, realizado em penitenciária feminina. Resultados: Idade média de 30,8 anos; baixa escolaridade; cobertura de exame de Papanicolaou e vacinação; altas prevalências de obesidade; Transtorno Mental Comum; e uso abusivo de tabaco. Considerações: Ações de promoção da saúde; prevenção de doenças e atenção aos agravos devem ser desenvolvidas junto a essa população, assim como ações de recuperação social, como estudo e trabalho. Desenvolvimento de pesquisas em instituições fechadas possibilita ampliar o conhecimento e estabelecer parcerias entre a sociedade e o setor prisional.
Implicações de decisões e discussões recentes para o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Vieira Fabiola Sulpino
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as implicações de decisões e discussões para o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no âmbito dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo. Apresentam-se dados sobre os gastos com ações e serviços públicos de saúde no País, comparando-os aos de países com sistema universal de saúde, bem como sobre renúncias fiscais, inclusive de receitas da seguridade social, as quais favorecem o setor privado de assistência à saúde. Abordam-se os temas recentes tratados pelo Congresso Nacional considerados riscos à consolidação do SUS e à efetivação do direito à saúde no País.
Standstill as Extinction: Viktor Shklovsky's Poetics and Politics of Movement in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Dwyer Anne
Published: August 2016

In 1923 the Russian formalist theorist Viktor Shklovsky returned to the USSR after a year of exile. Tike his entire cohort of “fellow travelers,” he accommodated himself to the new Soviet regime. He did so in the language of travel and other kinds of movement. In the 1920s and 1930s, nomadism—a prominent motif in works by Shklovsky fromA Sentimental JourneythroughMarco Polo—emerges as his central figure for accommodation to official culture. This association occurs through the submerged double meaning of his signature termostranenie—at once defamiliarization and reterritorialization. This duality ofostraneniehas implications for our broader understanding of the way mobility is active in cultural production and intertwined with structures of power. In the Soviet case,ostranenieunderscores that nomadic movement is essential to the operation of cultural agents, whose relative freedom becomes a mechanism of state authority and control.
Common Knowledge: Epistemology and the Beginnings of Copyright Law
Authors: Enderle Jonathan Scott
Published: August 2016

Literary critics' engagement with copyright law has often emphasized ontological questions about the relation between idealized texts and their material embodiments. This essay turns toward a different set of questions—about the role of texts in the communication of knowledge. Developing an alternative intellectual genealogy of copyright law grounded in the eighteenth-century contest between innatism and empiricism, I argue that jurists like William Blackstone and poets like Edward Young drew on Locke's theories of ideas to articulate a new understanding of writing as uncommunicative expression. Innatists understood texts as tools that could enable transparent communication through a shared stock of innate ideas, but by denying the existence of innate ideas empiricists called the possibility of communication into question. And in their arguments for perpetual copyright protection, eighteenth-century jurists and pamphleteers pushed empiricism to its extreme, linking literary and economic value to the least communicative aspects of a text.
The Digital Humanities, Inc.: Literary Criticism and the Fate of a Profession
Authors: Kopec Andrew
Published: August 2016

The popularization of the digital humanities and the return to formalism are overdetermined by the perceived crises in the humanities. On the one hand, the new formalism harks back to a professionalizing strategy begun by the New Critics with John Crowe Ransom's “Criticism, Inc.,” drawing strength from close reading's original polemic against industrialism. On the other hand, the digital humanities reimagine professional labor in ways that seemingly approximate postindustrial norms. These contradictory but inextricably related visions of professional futures restage a conflict between literature and data, reading and making, that has been misrecognized as a conflict between literature and history. Approaching these tensions by way of historicist critique can illuminate the extent to which the debate between literature and data will define critical practice in the twenty-first century.
The Ecology of Art-iculation and Aggregate Reading
Authors: Bennett A. R.
Published: August 2016

The ecological digital humanities evoke a method of thinking that is responsive to what jane bennett terms “the ecology of things.” Neither strictly an ecocriticism nor a pursuit solely of environmental(ist) concerns, the ecological digital humanities explore the material and philosophical interconnectedness of actants in assemblages. They attempt, digitally, to think what Timothy Morton calls “the ecological thought.”
Dawnland Voices 2.0: Sovereignty and Sustainability Online
Authors: Senier Siobhan
Published: August 2016

Indigenous communities are marrying ecological humanities and digital humanities in ways that productively expand the definition of both terms. On the ecological side, indigenous activism argues for the sustainability and interdependence of the natural and the human. In this, it challenges many of the same things that ecocriticism challenges—the supremacy or distinctiveness of the human, anthropocentric notions of time—though such activism predates ecocriticism quite a bit. Many traditional indigenous narratives assert close affinity, even identity, between a people and their river, for instance, or a people and their animals, or people and trees; they were figuring nonhuman agency long before Bruno Latour. On the DH side, indigenous people are engaging electronic media outside major DH structures and funding. These insurgent engagements challenge the very definition of DH as a field (with its predilection for large-scale archives, metadata, and open access) while also raising questions about the sustainability of the digital itself. Despite the implicit teleologies still assumed by many people—from oral to written to digital—indigenous ecological digital humanities (EcoDH) never present themselves as the end point or answer. Rather, they are part of a vast and diverse communicative ecosystem that includes petroglyphs, living oral traditions, newsletters, wampum, sci-fi novels, baskets, and language apps.
At the Limits of the Concept
Authors: White Hayden
Published: August 2016

It is often forgotten that the humanities—which are made up of history, philosophy, literary studies, philology, rhetoric, art history, musicology, and linguistics—are characterized not so much by their objects of study, which can change over time, as by their focus on reading, the reading of verbal texts, primarily, but also reading in the sense of decoding and recoding images, sounds, and movements. The disciplines that compose the humanities teach different kinds of reading practices. The products of these disciplines for the most part belong to the class of prose and poetic discourses. This is why they may often look similar or even the same, especially when they are cast in the same mode: narrative, argumentative, descriptive, or expressive as the case may be.
Ato Quayson's Oxford Street, Accra: Tracing Autobiographical Narrative in Analytical Method
Authors: Prabhu Anjali
Published: August 2016

In his fascinating study of accra, ato quays0n quickly alerts his reader to the idea that one must not separate ways of knowing shakespeare from ways of knowing Accra. “Reading” the city as a literary critic, but much more, Quayson gives a discursive framework to his historical account of the material, social, and esoteric life of the city. Underlying the text is an implicit argument with other prominent accounts of African cities, which take a more utopian view and present these cities as mapping the innovative, exciting, and creative possibilities of urban space for the rest of the world. Quayson's mode of history is explicitly linked to storytelling in a number of ways beyond his disclosure that “[t]he retelling of Accra's story from a more expansive urban historical perspective is the object of Oxford Street” (4). From the start, it is also clear that his approach will utilize a broadly Marxian framework, which is to see (city) space in terms of the built environment as well as the social relations in and beyond it: “space becomes both symptom and producer of social relations” (5). But ultimately Quayson's apprehension of his city is Marxian because it recuperates ideas, desires, and creativity from the realm of the unique or inexplicable, of “genius,” to effectively insert them into various systems of production or into spaces that lack them. In so doing Quayson enhances, not hinders, our appreciation of those forms of innovation. Also Marxian is his employment of the “negative,” which refers to the way he splits apart many of the accepted relations between things in the scholarship on the development of the city, the postcolonial African city in particular, and pushes beyond the evidence of the “booming” or “creative” city. Quayson thus binds a more philosophical method of reasoning to his analysis of urban social relations while he straddles different disciplines. His work is illuminated when we locate a personal impulse, which we will track through the autobiographical narrative, to intervene not just in the ways the city is understood but also in the ways it is actually developing.
Transposing Time and Space: Stuck in Mobility
Authors: Shipley Jesse Weaver
Published: August 2016

If you have to explain a proverb, it is too esoteric for popular use; but if it is too mundane and obvious, it will not circulate or gain notoriety. It should be witty and rhythmic but obscure; it should attract new meanings and move among various contexts and genres, taken up by listeners who recirculate it in new media to new audiences. Effective proverbs use indirection as a performance strategy, provoking new interpretations and lubricating social circulation across disparate spaces (Yankah).
Looking Well to See Well: Lessons from Oxford Street, Accra
Authors: Trotz Alissa
Published: August 2016

Two decades ago the late doreen massey, a feminist geographer, made a clear, rich, and generative argument about what she referred to as a progressive, or global, sense of place, one that emphasized process, that admitted of multiplicity and heterogeneity while recognizing the power geometries that produced hierarchical difference, and that rejected an insular and bounded sense of place in favor of a relational analysis. In Space, Place, and Gender, Massey based her analysis on a brief example, no more than a few paragraphs long, in which she read her own “pretty ordinary” street, Kilburn High Road, in northwest London (152-54). Her critical vocabulary offered a way of thinking about place that was not self-enclosing but outward-looking: what gives each place its fingerprint, she asserted, is the constellation of global flows, the social relations that overlap in one space—patterns that are always changing.
“Still It Makes Me Laugh, No Time to Die”: A Response
Authors: Quayson Ato
Published: August 2016

It is of inestimable value to see one's work through the eyes of others. the book that is written is not the one that is read, especially when the readings, like those by the contributors to this cluster, come from different disciplinary perspectives. Whether it is Carina Ray's interpretation of a transnational African cosmopolitanism, Jesse Weaver Shipley's rhythmic repetitions as if of a jazz symphony, Adélékè Adéeko's rememory of other African cities, Anjali Prabhu's detection of autobiographical evasions, Alissa Trotz's invocation of South-South dialogue, or the urban analogs to Accra that Paul Lemos Horta sees in the 1001 Nights, for me each reading of Oxford Street, Accra has been an epiphany.
Contre-jour
Authors: Derrida Jacques , Fathy Safaa , Cavitch Max
Published: August 2016

“Contre-jour” is the opening section of the coauthored book tourner les mots: au bord d'un film (2000), by the franco-maghrebian philosopher Jacques Derrida and the Franco-Egyptian filmmaker and poet Safaa Fathy. Tourner les mots is about their experience of film generally and, in particular, about their collaboration on Fathy's 1999 film D'Ailleurs, Derrida, released in an English subtitled version as Derrida's Elsewhere. One meaning of the word tourner in the book's title is “to film.” But the word also shares with the English turn a wide range of meanings and associations, including “to turn,” “to revolve,” “to depend on,” “to shape or form,” “to consider,” and “to trope.” Thus Tourner les mots refers to cinematic practice (le tournage ‘filmmaking,’ ‘the shoot’) and to the relation between cinema and language (les mots ‘words’).