bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute lymphocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of CDK 4/6 inhibitor efficacy in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Nakamoto Shogo , Shien Tadahiko , Iwamoto Takayuki , Kubo Shinichiro , Yamamoto Mari , Yamashita Tetsumasa , Kuwahara Chihiro , Ikeda Masahiko
Published: April 2024

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are the standard agents for treating patients with estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ER + HER2 − ABC). However, markers predicting the outcomes of CDK4/6i treatment have yet to be identified. This study was a single-center retrospective cohort study. We retrospectively evaluated 101 patients with ER + HER2 − ABC receiving CDK4/6i in combination with endocrine therapy at Fukuyama City Hospital between November 2017 and July 2021. We investigated the clinical outcomes and the safety of CDK4/6i treatment, and the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as predictive markers for CDK4/6i. We defined the cut-off values as 1000/μL for ALC and 3 for NLR, and divided into “low” and “high” groups, respectively. We evaluated 43 and 58 patients who received abemaciclib and palbociclib, respectively. Patients with high ALC and low NLR had significantly longer overall survival than those with low ALC and high NLR (high vs. low; ALC: HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12–0.70; NLR: HR 2.94; 95% CI 1.21–7.13). There was no significant difference in efficacy between abemaciclib and palbociclib and both had good safety profiles. We demonstrated that ALC and NLR might predict the outcomes of CDK4/6i treatment in patients with ER + HER2 − ABC.
Research on a machine learning-based adaptive and efficient screening model for psychological symptoms of community correctional prisoners
Authors: Xu Zhifei , Pan Zhigeng , Wang Yan , Zhang Yichao , Leng Pengfei
Published: April 2024

Community correction institutions in China frequently employ the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the health survey brief (SF-12) as primary tools for psychological assessment of community correctional prisoners. However, in practical application, the SCL-90 Checklist faces issues such as complex item numbers, overall low cultural level of the subjects, and insufficient professional level of the administrators. The SF-12 health survey brief, as a preliminary screening tool, although only has 12 questions, to some extent simplifies the evaluation process and improves work efficiency, it is prone to missed screening. The research team collected 17-dimensional basic characteristic data and corresponding SCL-90 and SF-12 data from 25,480 samples of community correctional prisoners in Zhejiang Province, China. This study explored the application of multi-label multi-classification algorithms and oversampling techniques in building machine learning models to delve into the correlation between the psychological health risks of community correctional prisoners and their characteristic data. Inspired by computerized adaptive testing (CAT), we constructed an adaptive and efficient screening model for community correctional prisoners through experimental comparisons, based on the binary relevance algorithm with sample oversampling. This screening model personalize the assessment process by dynamically matching participants with the most relevant subset (s) of the nine dimensions of the SCL-90 based on their individual characteristics. Thus, adaptive dynamic simplification and personalized recommendation of the SCL-90 scale between question groups were achieved for the specific group of community correctional prisoners. As a screening tool for psychological symptoms of community correctional prisoners, this model significantly simplifies the number of questions compared to SCL-90, with a simplification rate of up to 65%. However, it achieves this simplification while maintaining excellent performance. The accuracy reached 0.66, with a sensitivity of 0.754, and an F1 score of 0.649. This innovation simplified the assessment process, reduced the assessment time, improved work efficiency, and enhanced the ability to judge the specificity of community correctional prisoners population. Compared to the SF-12, although the simplification rate and accuracy of the model are slightly lower than those of the SF-12, the sensitivity increased by 42.26%, and the F1 score improved by 15.28%. This means the model greatly reduces the possibility of missed screening, effectively preventing prisoners with abnormal psychological or mental states from losing control due to missed screening, and even committing suicide, self injury, or injuring others.
The differential effect of psychopathy on active and bystander trolling behaviors: the role of dark tetrad traits and lower agreeableness
Authors: Ubaradka Anantha , Khanganba Sanjram Premjit
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to develop the Global Assessment of Active Trolling and Passive Bystanderism (GAATPB) scale and investigate the influence of personality traits on trolling behaviors. Focusing on the Dark Tetrad (DT) traits and agreeableness, the present study examined their associations and predictive utility on active trolling and passive bystanderism. Participants were recruited from social networking sites (SNSs), and eligibility criteria included active SNS usage and engagement in online interactions. A total of 797 healthy adult students participated in the study, with data from 300 used for the initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the remaining 497 (Mage = 22.25 years, SD = 3.37) for the subsequent analyses. Results indicated a significant correlation between DT traits and agreeableness across both active trolling and passive bystanderism, revealing a shared personality profile. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that narcissism, Machiavellianism, and trait sadism were predictors of active trolling, with psychopathy being the strongest predictor. However, psychopathy did not emerge as a predictor for passive bystanderism. The study also highlighted that DT traits mediated the relationship between lower agreeableness and overall trolling behavior, suggesting that trolling manifests from lower agreeableness through the instigation of callous-unemotional, manipulative, and self-centered traits inherent in DT.
Incremental high average-utility itemset mining: survey and challenges
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Shengyi , Ding Weiping , Li Peng , Liu Aijun , Zhang Hongjun , Li Tian
Published: April 2024

The High Average Utility Itemset Mining (HAUIM) technique, a variation of High Utility Itemset Mining (HUIM), uses the average utility of the itemsets. Historically, most HAUIM algorithms were designed for static databases. However, practical applications like market basket analysis and business decision-making necessitate regular updates of the database with new transactions. As a result, researchers have developed incremental HAUIM (iHAUIM) algorithms to identify HAUIs in a dynamically updated database. Contrary to conventional methods that begin from scratch, the iHAUIM algorithm facilitates incremental changes and outputs, thereby reducing the cost of discovery. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art iHAUIM algorithms, analyzing their unique characteristics and advantages. First, we explain the concept of iHAUIM, providing formulas and real-world examples for a more in-depth understanding. Subsequently, we categorize and discuss the key technologies used by varying types of iHAUIM algorithms, encompassing Apriori-based, Tree-based, and Utility-list-based techniques. Moreover, we conduct a critical analysis of each mining method's advantages and disadvantages. In conclusion, we explore potential future directions, research opportunities, and various extensions of the iHAUIM algorithm.
Pan-cancer analysis reveals correlation between RAB3B expression and tumor heterogeneity, immune microenvironment, and prognosis in multiple cancers
Authors: Liu Xu-Sheng , Chen Ya-Lan , Chen Yu-Xuan , Wu Rui-Min , Tan Fan , Wang Ya-Lan , Liu Zi-Yue , Gao Yan , Pei Zhi-Jun
Published: April 2024

RAB3B is essential for the transportation and secretion within cells. Its increased expression is linked to the development and progression of various malignancies. However, understanding of RAB3B’s involvement in carcinogenesis is mostly limited to specific cancer subtypes. Hence, exploring RAB3B's regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms through comprehensive cancer datasets might offer innovative approaches for managing clinical cancer. To examine the potential involvement of RAB3B in the development of cancer, we analyzed data from various sources including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), cBioPortal, HPA, UALCAN, and tissue microarray (TAM). Using bioinformatics techniques, we examined the correlation between RAB3B expression and prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, methylation modifications, and immune microenvironment across different cancer types. Our findings indicate that elevated RAB3B expression can independently predict prognosis in many tumors and has moderate accuracy for diagnosing most cancers. In most cancer types, we identified RAB3B mutations that showed a significant correlation with tumor mutational burden (TMB), mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Abnormal DNA methylation patterns were also observed in most cancers compared to normal tissues. Additionally, we found significant correlations between RAB3B expression, immune cell infiltration, and immune scores across various cancers. Through pan-cancer analysis, we observed significant differences in RAB3B expression levels between tumors and normal tissues, making it a potential primary factor for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The IHC results revealed that the expression of RAB3B in six types of tumors was consistent with the results of the pan-cancer analysis of the database. Furthermore, RAB3B showed potential associations with tumor heterogeneity and immunity. Thus, RAB3B can be utilized as an auxiliary diagnostic marker for early tumor detection and a prognostic biomarker for various tumor types.
Segmentation of liver CT images based on weighted medical transformer model
Authors: Gu Qun , Zhang Hai , Cai Rui , Sui Si Yi , Wang Rui
Published: April 2024

Deep convolutional neural networks have made significant strides in the field of medical image segmentation. Although existing convolutional structures enhance performance by leveraging local image information, they often lose the interdependence information between contexts. Therefore, the article utilizes the multi-attention mechanism of the Transformer structure to more comprehensively express relationships between contexts and introduced the Transformer network architecture into the field of medical image segmentation. Most models based on this Transformer structure typically require large datasets for training. However, in the medical field, the limited size of datasets makes training models with the Transformer structure challenging. To address this, the article propose a Weighted Medical Transformer (WMT) model that imposes low requirements on dataset quantity. The weighting mechanism in the WMT model aims to improve the issue of inaccurate relative positional coding when dealing with small medical datasets. Additionally, a coarse-grained and fine-grained segmentation mechanism is introduced, focusing on both the detailed aspects within image blocks and the boundary information connecting blocks. Experimental results on a liver dataset demonstrate that the model achieves F1 and IoU scores of 88.48% and 79.41%, respectively. Results on the MoNuSeg dataset show comparable high F1 and IoU scores of 79.58% and 66.19%, respectively. The model’s accuracy surpasses that of U-Net++ and U-Net models. Compared to other models, this approach is applicable to scenarios with limited datasets, exhibiting high execution efficiency and accuracy.
Tomato domestication rather than subsequent breeding events reduces microbial associations related to phosphorus recovery
Authors: Dixon Mary M. , Afkairin Antisar , Davis Jessica G. , Chitwood-Brown Jessica , Buchanan Cassidy M. , Ippolito James A. , Manter Daniel K. , Vivanco Jorge M.
Published: April 2024

Legacy phosphorus (P) is a reservoir of sparingly available P, and its recovery could enhance sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral fertilizers. Domestication has affected P acquisition, but it is unknown if subsequent breeding efforts, like the Green Revolution (GR), had a similar effect. We examined how domestication and breeding events altered P acquisition by growing wild, traditional (pre-GR), and modern (post-GR) tomato in soil with legacy P but low bioavailable P. Wild tomatoes, particularly accession LA0716 (Solanum pennellii), heavily cultured rhizosphere P solubilizers, suggesting reliance on microbial associations to acquire P. Wild tomato also had a greater abundance of other putatively beneficial bacteria, including those that produce chelating agents and antibiotic compounds. Although wild tomatoes had a high abundance of these P solubilizers, they had lower relative biomass and greater P stress factor than traditional or modern tomato. Compared to wild tomato, domesticated tomato was more tolerant to P deficiency, and both cultivated groups had a similar rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Ultimately, this study suggests that while domestication changed tomato P recovery by reducing microbial associations, subsequent breeding processes have not further impacted microbial P acquisition mechanisms. Selecting microbial P-related traits that diminished with domestication may therefore increase legacy P solubilization.
Longitudinal study investigating the influence of COMT gene polymorphism on cortical thickness changes in Parkinson's disease over four years
Authors: Tajerian Amin
Published: April 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 3% of those over 65. It's caused by reduced dopaminergic neurons and Lewy bodies, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. The relationship between COMT gene polymorphisms and PD is complex and not fully elucidated. Some studies have reported associations between certain COMT gene variants and PD risk, while others have not found significant associations. This study investigates how COMT gene variations impact cortical thickness changes in PD patients over time, aiming to link genetic factors, especially COMT gene variations, with PD progression. This study analyzed data from 44 PD patients with complete 4-year imaging follow-up from the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) database. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired using consistent methods across 9 different MRI scanners. COMT single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed based on whole genome sequencing data. Longitudinal image analysis was conducted using FreeSurfer's processing pipeline. Linear mixed-effect models were employed to examine the interaction effect of genetic variations and time on cortical thickness, while controlling for covariates and subject-specific variations. The rs165599 SNP stands out as a potential contributor to alterations in cortical thickness, showing a significant reduction in overall mean cortical thickness in both hemispheres in homozygotes (Left: P = 0.023, Right: P = 0.028). The supramarginal, precentral, and superior frontal regions demonstrated significant bilateral alterations linked to rs165599. Our findings suggest that the rs165599 variant leads to earlier manifestation of cortical thinning during the course of the disease. However, it does not result in more severe cortical thinning outcomes over time. There is a need for larger cohorts and control groups to validate these findings and consider genetic variant interactions and clinical features to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying COMT-related neurodegenerative processes in PD.
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of hormone concentrations in plants
Authors: Holden Claire A. , McAinsh Martin R. , Taylor Jane E. , Beckett Paul , Albacete Alfonso , Martínez-Andújar Cristina , Morais Camilo L. M. , Martin Francis L.
Published: April 2024

Analysis with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods facilitates determination of hormone concentrations in Japanese knotweed samples under different environmental conditions.
Atomic force microscopy observation of surface morphologies and measurements of local contact potential differences of amorphous solid water samples deposited at 15 and 100 K
Authors: Tomaru Takuto , Hidaka Hiroshi , Kouchi Akira , Watanabe Naoki
Published: April 2024

This study reports on the temperature dependence of the surface morphology of amorphous solid water (ASW) and the variation in the local contact potential difference depending on its surface morphology.
Unveiling the thermal stability of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymers: a key element for enhanced efficiency and stability of organic solar cells
Authors: Nchinda Leonato Tambua , Genene Zewdneh , Mammo Wendimagegn , Tegegne Newayemedhin A. , Krüger Tjaart P. J.
Published: April 2024

Thermally stable DPP-based terpolymers with tunable broadband absorption for organic solar cells.
Structure and interaction in 2D organized assemblies of cationic lipids with tryptophan: an experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Roy Biplab , Panneerselvam Murugesan , Patnaik Archita
Published: April 2024

Characteristic phospholipid–amino acid interactions and condensed phase pristine lipid assemblies: a structural impact.
Preparation of imidazole-modified paper membrane for selective extraction of gallic acid and its structural and functional analogues from Pomegranate Peel
Authors: Sun Xiaoxue , Zhang Jingyu , Han Xiaohui , Li Shumin , Zhang Xuerui , Bi Xiaodong
Published: April 2024

This work offers a novel approach to preparing a readily synthesized extraction membrane capable of isolating compounds with similar structures and pharmaceutical effects from natural products.
An iron metal–organic framework-based electrochemical sensor for identification of Bisphenol-A in groundwater samples
Authors: Maridevaru Madappa C. , Dube Aashutosh , Kaimal Reshma , Souwaileh Abdullah Al , Kannadasan Sathananthan , Anandan Sambandam
Published: April 2024

Fe-BTC MOF/GCE exhibits substantial electrochemical sensing performance for Bisphenol-A identification with an enhanced restoration rate and exceptional precision for interference ions.
O2 reduction via proton-coupled electron transfer by a V(iii) aquo on a polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster
Authors: Cooney Shannon E. , Schreiber Eric , Ferrigno Baela M. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: April 2024

We report the reduction of O2 to H2O2via concerted proton–electron transfer from the terminal V(iii)–OH2 moiety of a reduced polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster.
Palladium/norbornene-catalyzed diversified trifunctionalization of aryl-thianthreniums
Authors: Nan Jiang , Lei Min , Chen Gaoyang , Ma Yangmin , Liang Chengyuan , Wang Jing
Published: April 2024

A novel Catellani-type conversion is reported using aryl-thianthreniums (aryl-TTs) instead of aryl halides.
Radiative pumping in a strongly coupled microcavity filled with a neat molecular film showing excimer emission
Authors: Sasaki Yoichi , Georgiou Kyriacos , Wang Shuangqing , Bossanyi David G. , Jayaprakash Rahul , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kimizuka Nobuo , Lidzey David G. , Musser Andrew J. , Clark Jenny
Published: April 2024

Radiative pumping to lower polaritons in strongly coupled microcavities filled with a neat molecular film showing excimer emission is studied using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy.
A tunable ultra-broadband and ultra-high sensitivity far-infrared metamaterial absorber based on VO2 and graphene
Authors: Feng Hengli , Meng Hongyan , Wang Guan , Liu Jia , Zhang Xin , Li Meichen , Yang Shuang , Jia Yang , Du Hanmo , Gao Yang , Gao Yachen
Published: April 2024

We proposed a far-infrared tunable metamaterial absorber using vanadium dioxide (VO2) and graphene as controlling materials.
Symmetry and reactivity of π-systems in electric and magnetic fields: a perspective from conceptual DFT
Authors: Wibowo-Teale Meilani , Huynh Bang C. , Wibowo-Teale Andrew M. , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul
Published: April 2024

Fukui function for nucleophilic attack on H2CO in a parallel magnetic field showing a significantly reduced Bürgi–Dunitz angle.
Fe3O4-modified FeCl3/graphite intercalation compound confinement architecture for unleashing the high-performance anode potential of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Kai , Guo Baiyu , Ma Jun , Cui Siyu , Bao Yuying , Wang Tao , Qiu Hailong , Jin Di
Published: April 2024

For the Fe3O4-modified FeCl3/graphite intercalation compound, Fe3O4 is located at the edge of the carbon layer and forms a confined structure with the 2D carbon layer to prevent chlorides from dissolving and shutting, improving the cycle stability.
Lattice thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the single-layer penta-NiN2 explored by a deep-learning interatomic potential
Authors: Mirchi Pedram , Adessi Christophe , Merabia Samy , Rajabpour Ali
Published: April 2024

Penta-NiN2, a novel pentagonal 2D sheet with potential nanoelectronic applications, is investigated in terms of its lattice thermal conductivity, stability, and mechanical behavior.
Integrated electrochemical CO2 reduction and hydroformylation
Authors: Jolly Brandon J. , Pung Michael J. , Liu Chong
Published: April 2024

We established an integrated process that deploys electrochemical CO2 reduction to fuel hydroformylation.
Impact of o-aryl halogen effects on ethylene polymerization: steric vs. electronic effects
Authors: Dai Jianjian , Dai Shengyu
Published: April 2024

The o-aryl halogens have a notable influence on the molecular weight of the polyethylene but minimal impact on its branching density.
New cyanido-bridged iron(ii) spin crossover coordination polymers with an unusual ladder-like topology: an alternative to Hofmann clathrates
Authors: Visinescu Diana , Shylin Sergii I. , Shova Sergiu , Novitchi Ghenadie , Popescu Delia-Laura , Alexandru Maria-Gabriela
Published: April 2024

The newly reported cyanido-bridged {FeIIMII} coordination polymers, with rare ladder-like topologies, show gradual HS-to-LS SCO on cooling due to the flexible N6 surrounding of FeII metal ions from one pincer and three CN- ligands (M = Pd, Pt).
Breaking the current limitation of electrochemical CO2 reduction via a silica-hydroxide cycle
Authors: Lim Chulwan , Kim Sangkuk , Song Ji Hwan , Han Man Ho , Ko Young-Jin , Lee Kwan-Young , Choi Jae-Young , Lee Woong Hee , Oh Hyung-Suk
Published: April 2024

We introduce a silica-hydroxide cycle analogous to Earth's carbonate-silicate cycle. The silica-hydroxide cycle reduces the local pH by redistributing hydroxide ions, enhances the CO2 mass transfer, breaking current density limits in CO2RR.
Ruthenium nanoparticles decorated with surface hydroxyl and borate species boost overall seawater splitting via increased hydrophilicity
Authors: Shen Le-Wei , Wang Yong , Shen Ling , Chen Jiang-Bo , Liu Yu , Hu Ming-Xia , Zhao Wen-Ying , Xiong Kang-Yi , Wu Si-Ming , Lu Yi , Ying Jie , Titirici Maria Magdalena , Janiak Christoph , Tian Ge , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: April 2024

The surface hydroxyl and borate species in Ru–BOx–OH-300 nanocomposite have been evidenced to be crucial for efficient seawater electrolysis, due to the high hydrophilicity, optimized electronic structure of Ru, and weakened adsorption of Cl−.
Comprehensive two-step supercritical fluid extraction for green isolation of volatiles and phenolic compounds from plant material
Authors: Pilařová Veronika , Plachká Kateřina , Herbsová Diana , Kosturko Štefan , Svec Frantisek , Nováková Lucie
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive two-step supercritical extraction using green solvents allows the extraction of non-polar and polar analytes within one run in two consecutive steps.
Polymer photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Wei Shunhang , Chang Shufang , Li Huili , Fang Zebo , Zhu Lei , Xu Yuxi
Published: April 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a mild oxidant and promising liquid fuel, has widespread application potential in energy and environment fields.
Synergistic catalysis by Brønsted acid and Pd species on a mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite for the oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes
Authors: Wang Siming , Jia Xueqin , Sun Yongqi , Liu Jiteng , Fu Wenqian , Tang Tiandi
Published: April 2024

The Brønsted acid and Pd species on Pd@MZSM-5 synergetically catalyzed the oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes, where the Brønsted acid promote the alkyne chemisorption and benefit the formation of the alkynyl-palladium(ii) complex.
Enhanced electrochemical capacitance of titanium oxide nanoparticles using low-energy nitrogen ion irradiation
Authors: Patro Arpita , Rajbhar Manoj K , Radhakrishnan Shitara , Chatterjee Shyamal , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Dhal Satyanarayan
Published: April 2024

This study proposes ion beam irradiation to boost charge storage in titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The results show that irradiated particles have a higher specific capacitance than pristine, attributed to oxygen vacancies and increased surface area.
Electrochemical benzylic deuteration of p-QMs enabling the synthesis of benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes
Authors: Yan Yunying , Hao Jianjun , Peng Yulin , Yin Mengyun , Jing Linhai , Han Pan
Published: April 2024

Herein, electroreductive umpolung benzylic deuteration of p-QMs using cheap and easily accessible D2O as a deuterium source is reported.
SERS detection of dopamine using metal-chelated Ag nanoshell
Authors: Kim Mingyeong , Choi Yun Sik , Jeong Dae Hong
Published: April 2024

As the concentrations of different neurotransmitters can indicate the presence of certain disorders affecting brain functions, quantitative analyses of neurotransmitters have attracted increasing attention in various fields.
Antiviral activity of sulphated specialized metabolites from sea urchin Clypeaster humilis: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Abdelkarem Fahd M. , Assaf Hamdy K. , Mostafa Yaser A. , Mahdy Aldoushy , Hussein Modather F. , Ross Samir A. , Mohamed Nesma M.
Published: April 2024

Chemical analyses of the sea urchin Clypeaster humilis yielded twelve compounds including; a new sulfonic acid derivative (7R) tridec-1-en-7-yl hydrogen sulphate (1), pyridine-3-yl methane sulfonate (2), boldine (12), and nine known compounds (3–11).
Active noise control by means of high frequency injection in electric motors
Authors: Skoulaxinos Stefanos , Wheeler Pat , Vakil Gaurang
Published: April 2024

Machine acoustics is an important area of research impacting the quality and comfort of human life. With increased levels of electrification and the wider use of electric motors, the contribution of motor drives towards quieter acoustic systems becomes increasingly important. This paper presents a novel acoustic improvement method involving the use of acoustic waves generated from High Frequency Injection to perform Active Noise Control. Although High Frequency Injection has been used widely in the domain of sensorless motor control, its acoustic generation process has been so far perceived as a negative by‐product. This paper presents the analysis and experimental results from the application of the proposed method to the Helicopter Electro‐Mechanical Actuation System. Considering the extensive use of motor drives in a number of industries, the proposed practice of High Frequency Injection Active Noise Control can have a significant impact to future applications.
Green synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles using fresh and dry Portulaca Oleracea leaf extracts: Enhancing light reflectivity properties of ITO glass
Authors: Barzinjy Azeez A. , Haji Banaz Sh.
Published: April 2024

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are perceiving remarkable progress during the past few periods due to its exclusive properties in many applications. Recently, green synthesis method of NPs is racing against traditional chemical and physical methods by avoiding the use of many toxic chemicals, and expensive devices. Accordingly, in this study, dry and fresh Portulaca‐oleracea L. leaf extract has been employed for producing AgNPs as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agents. This process is simple, eco‐friendly and green. UV–vis spectra showed the formation of AgNPs represented by the change of a colorless liquid to brownish solution. The crystallinity of the AgNPs, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The contribution of the available functional groups of the leaf extract in the reduction and capping process of NPs was demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This study showed that fresh Portulaca‐oleracea L. leaf extract provides better NPs in terms of stability, purity, degree of crystallinity and spherical shape. The biosynthesized AgNPs from both procedures were coated on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to enhance the reflectivity property. It has been shown that the utilized AgNPs, from fresh Portulaca‐oleracea L. extract, has smaller size and negligeable agglomeration, consequently lower light transmittance.
Power prediction of regional distributed photovoltaic clusters with incomplete information based on improved weighted fusion and transfer learning
Authors: Zheng Wanting , Xiao Hao , Zhou Hai , Zhang Heng , Gao Wei , Pei Wei
Published: April 2024

The rapid expansion of low‐voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems with decentralized layouts poses significant data collection challenges. The scarcity of data amplifies prediction complexities, affecting the operational security and stability of distribution networks. To enhance predictive accuracy for distributed regional PV power generation, including unmonitored low‐voltage systems, this paper proposes a novel prediction approach that combines weight optimization and transfer learning. Firstly, to more accurately extrapolate from neighbouring monitored PV to estimate unmonitored PV outputs, a novel SSA‐MLP‐XGBoost model is proposed for monitored PV power plants, in which the hyperparameters of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and (extreme gradient boosting) XGBoost models are fine‐tuned using the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), and the optimized models are synergistically integrated to heighten prediction precision for monitored plants. Secondly, based on the predicted power curves of monitored PV power plants, a weight optimization model is presented to optimize the combined weights between unmonitored and monitored power stations. Furthermore, the power generation model from monitored facilities is transplanted to unmonitored plants for power generation estimation. Ultimately, the authors combine the weight optimization and transfer learning model to get more accurate and robust model. Validation across three regional distributed photovoltaic clusters demonstrates a noteworthy improvement in prediction accuracy—20%, 7.5%, and 25% for the respective clusters compared to the existing methods.
Galaxy archaeology for wet mergers: Globular cluster age distributions in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies
Authors: Valenzuela Lucas M. , Remus Rhea-Silvia , McKenzie Madeleine , Forbes Duncan A.
Published: April 2024

Context.Identifying past wet merger activity in galaxies has been a longstanding issue in extragalactic formation history studies.Gaia’s 6D kinematic measurements in our Milky Way (MW) have vastly extended the possibilities for Galactic archaeology, leading to the discovery of a multitude of early mergers in the MW’s past. As recent work has established a link between younger globular clusters (GCs; less than about 10–11 Gyr old) and wet galaxy merger events, the MW provides an ideal laboratory for testing which GC properties can be used to trace extragalactic galaxy formation histories.

Aims.To test the hypothesis that GCs trace wet mergers, we relate the measured GC age distributions of the MW and three nearby galaxies, M 31, NGC 1407, and NGC 3115, to their merger histories and interpret the connection with wet mergers through an empirical model for GC formation.

Methods.The GC ages of observed galaxies are taken from a variety of studies to analyze their age distributions side-by-side with the model. For the MW, we additionally cross-match the GCs with their associated progenitor host galaxies to disentangle the connection to the GC age distribution. For the modeled GCs, we take galaxies with similar GC age distributions as observed to compare their accretion histories with those inferred through observations.

Results.We find that the MW GC age distribution is bimodal, mainly caused by younger GCs (10–11 Gyr old associated with Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE) and in part by unassociated high-energy GCs. The GSE GC age distribution also appears to be bimodal. We propose that the older GSE GCs (12–13 Gyr old) were accreted together with GSE, while the younger ones formed as a result of the merger. For the nearby galaxies, we find that clear peaks in the GC age distributions coincide with active early gas-rich merger phases. Even small signatures in the GC age distributions agree well with the expected wet formation histories of the galaxies inferred through other observed tracers. From the models, we predict that the involved cold gas mass can be estimated from the number of GCs found in the formation burst.

Conclusions.Multimodal GC age distributions can trace massive wet mergers as a result of GCs being formed through them. From the laboratory of our own MW and nearby galaxies we conclude that the ages of younger GC populations of galaxies can be used to infer the wet merger history of a galaxy.
The heart of galaxy clusters: Demographics and physical properties of cool-core and non-cool-core halos in the TNG-Cluster simulation
Authors: Lehle Katrin , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Truong Nhut , Rohr Eric
Published: April 2024

We analyzed the physical properties of the gaseous intracluster medium (ICM) at the center of massive galaxy clusters with TNG-Cluster, a new cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation. Our sample contains 352 simulated clusters spanning a halo mass range of 1014 < M500c/M⊙ < 2 × 1015 at z = 0. We focused on the proposed classification of clusters into cool-core (CC) and non-cool-core (NCC) populations, the z = 0 distribution of cluster central ICM properties, and the redshift evolution of the CC cluster population. We analyzed the resolved structure and radial profiles of entropy, temperature, electron number density, and pressure. To distinguish between CC and NCC clusters, we considered several criteria: central cooling time, central entropy, central density, X-ray concentration parameter, and density profile slope. According to TNG-Cluster and with no a priori cluster selection, the distributions of these properties are unimodal, whereby CCs and NCCs represent the two extremes. Across the entire TNG-Cluster sample at z = 0 and based on the central cooling time, the strong CC fraction is fSCC = 24%, compared to fWCC = 60% and fNCC = 16% for weak and NCCs, respectively. However, the fraction of CCs depends strongly on both halo mass and redshift, although the magnitude and even direction of the trends vary with definition. The abundant statistics of simulated high-mass clusters in TNG-Cluster enabled us to match observational samples and make a comparison with data. The CC fractions from z = 0 to z = 2 are in broad agreement with observations, as are the radial profiles of thermodynamical quantities, globally as well as when divided as CC versus NCC halos. TNG-Cluster can therefore be used as a laboratory to study the evolution and transformations of cluster cores due to mergers, AGN feedback, and other physical processes.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity
Authors: Martins F. , Bouret J.-C. , Hillier D. J. , Brands S. A. , Crowther P. A. , Herrero A. , Najarro F. , Pauli D. , Puls J. , Ramachandran V. , Sander A. A. C. , Vink J. S. ,   the XShootU Collaboration
Published: April 2024

Context. Massive stars rotate faster, on average, than lower mass stars. Stellar rotation triggers hydrodynamical instabilities which transport angular momentum and chemical species from the core to the surface. Models of high-mass stars that include these processes predict that chemical mixing is stronger at lower metallicity.

Aims. We aim to test this prediction by comparing the surface abundances of massive stars at different metallicities.

Methods. We performed a spectroscopic analysis of single O stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) based on the ULLYSES and XShootU surveys. We determined the fundamental parameters and helium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen surface abundances of 17 LMC and 17 SMC non-supergiant O6–9.5 stars. We complemented these determinations by literature results for additional MCs and also Galactic stars to increase the sample size and metallicity coverage. We investigated the differences in the surface chemical enrichment at different metallicities and compared them with predictions of three sets of evolutionary models.

Results. Surface abundances are consistent with CNO-cycle nucleosynthesis. The maximum surface nitrogen enrichment is stronger in MC stars than in Galactic stars. Nitrogen enrichment is also observed in stars with higher surface gravities in the SMC than in the Galaxy. This trend is predicted by models that incorporate chemical transport caused by stellar rotation. The distributions of projected rotational velocities in our samples are likely biased towards slow rotators.

Conclusions. A metallicity dependence of surface abundances is demonstrated. The analysis of larger samples with an unbiased distribution of projected rotational velocities is required to better constrain the treatment of chemical mixing and angular momentum transport in massive single and binary stars.
The Ongoing Debate: Longevity of Biological Valves in Pulmonary Position
Authors: Müller Marlene , Biermann Daniel , Righa Miriam Mkanyika , Carstens Henning , Kozlik-Feldmann Rainer Gerhard , Hübler Michael , Sachweh Jörg Siegmar
Published: April 2024

Background In patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) or ToF-like anatomy, factors possibly impacting the longevity of biological valves in the pulmonary position were investigated.

Method Between 1997 and 2017, 79 consecutive hospital survivors with a median age of 8.7 years (range: 0.2–56.1 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 14.8 years) with ToF or ToF-like anatomy underwent surgical implantation of Contegra (n = 34), Hancock (n = 23), Perimount (n = 9), pulmonary homograft (n = 9), and miscellaneous (n = 4) conduits. The median internal graft diameter was 19 mm (range: 11–29 mm; IQR: 8 mm) which refers to a median z-score of 0.6 standard deviation (SD) (range: −1.8 to 4.0 SD; IQR: 2.1 SD).

Results The median time of follow-up was 9.4 years (range: 1.1–18.8 years; IQR: 6.0 years). Thirty-nine patients (49%) underwent surgical (n = 32) or interventional (n = 7) pulmonary valve re-replacement. Univariate Cox regression revealed patient age (p = 0.018), body surface area (p = 0.004), internal valve diameter (p = 0.005), and prosthesis z-score (p = 0.018) to impact valve longevity. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, however, did not show any significant effect (likely related to multicollinearity). Subgroup analysis showed that valve-revised patients have a higher average z-score (p = 0.003) and younger average age (p = 0.007).

Conclusion A decreased longevity of biological valves in the pulmonary position is related to younger age, lower valve diameter, and higher z-score. Because valve size (diameter and z-score) can be predicted by age, patient age is the crucial parameter influencing graft longevity.
Large for Gestational Age and Adverse Outcomes: Stratified By Diabetes Status
Authors: Nazeer Sarah A. , Chen Han-Yang , Cornthwaite Joycelyn Ashby , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha , Wagner Stephen , Bartal Michal F.
Published: April 2024

Objective To examine the association of adverse outcomes among parturients with large for gestational age (LGA; birth weight ≥ 90th) newborns, stratified by diabetes status. Additionally, we described the temporal trends of adverse outcomes among LGA neonates.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study used the U.S. Vital Statistics dataset between 2014 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were singleton, nonanomalous LGA live births who labored and delivered at 24 to 41 weeks with known diabetes status. The coprimary outcomes were composite neonatal adverse outcomes of the following: Apgar score < 5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation > 6 hours, seizure, or neonatal or infant mortality, and maternal adverse outcomes of the following: maternal transfusion, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit, or unplanned procedure. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to assess changes in rates of LGA and morbidity over time.

Results Of 27 million births in 7 years, 1,843,467 (6.8%) met the inclusion criteria. While 1,656,888 (89.9%) did not have diabetes, 186,579 (10.1%) were with diabetes. Composite neonatal adverse outcomes (aRR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.43, 1.52) and composite maternal adverse outcomes (aRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36, 1.38) were significantly higher among individuals with diabetes, compared with those without diabetes. From 2014 to 2020, the LGA rate was stable among people without diabetes. However, there was a downward trend of LGA in people with diabetes (AAPC = − 2.4, 95% CI = − 3.5, −1.4).

Conclusion In pregnancies with LGA newborns, composite neonatal and maternal morbidities were higher in those with diabetes, compared with those without diabetes.

Key Points
Medical Therapy of Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome with Steroidogenesis
Inhibitors: Treatment Rationale, Available Drugs, and Therapeutic
Effects
Authors: Detomas Mario , Deutschbein Timo , Altieri Barbara
Published: April 2024

Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease characterized by a
glucocorticoid excess. If inadequately treated, hypercortisolism can lead to
increased morbidity and mortality. Surgical removal of the underlying tumor is
the first-line treatment but is sometimes not feasible or even contraindicated.
Additionally, in cases with severe CS, rapid control of hypercortisolism may be
required. In these scenarios, steroidogenesis inhibitors represent a therapeutic
alternative to surgery. Over the last years, the knowledge of the broad
therapeutic effects of steroidogenesis inhibitors per se and the number of
available drugs have increased. However, large comparative studies are still
lacking. Accordingly, the decision on which drug to be used in a certain patient
or clinical setting may be difficult. This review aims to summarize the main
characteristics of steroidogenesis inhibitors.
Cyсlopentadienone and Pyrone Derivatives as Precursors of Electron-Deficient Cycloheptatrienes: Quantum Chemical Investigation and Synthesis
Authors: Salikov Rinat F. , Tomilov Yury V. , Sokolova Alena D. , Belyy Alexander Yu. , Platonov Dmitry N.
Published: April 2024

Unstable tetra(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienone was investigated in the synthesis of electron-deficient cycloheptatrienes via [4+2]-cycloaddition/cycloelimination reaction with cyclopropenes. The use of its stable dimer did not afford the product although similar reactions with alkynes have been reported. Quantum chemical calculation revealed that cyclopentadienone is not generated from the dimer and the reaction with alkynes proceeds via a more complicated cycloelimination/cycloaddition/cycloelimination cascade. However, the formation of cycloheptatrienes was found favorable over the formation of the dimer. Therefore, the trapping of tetra(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienone upon formation was successful to give cycloheptatrienes with five ester groups. The use of methyl coumalate as a four-electron component was successful with cyclopropenes containing only one ester group to afford only two ester groups in the product.
Synthesis and Utilization of 1H-Indazole N-Oxides in the Production of C3-Functionalized 1H-Indazoles
Authors: Park Jin Kyoon , Arepally Sagar
Published: April 2024

The medicinal importance, natural rarity, and challenges associated with the synthesis of C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles have propelled the development of novel and practical 1H-indazole N-oxides for the production of diverse arrays of C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles. The use of 1H-indazole N-oxides has been remarkably effective for the selective introduction of diverse functional groups, including amino (NHAr), chloro (Cl), hydroxy (OH), sulfonyl (SO2Ar), aromatic (Ar), olefin, alkyl, and N-formyl (NRCHO) groups, to indazole pharmacophore molecules. This review offers a concise overview of the synthetic approaches and practical applications of 1H-indazole N-oxides, including recent studies conducted by the authors. Transformative reactions involving 1H-indazole N-oxides not only offer strategies for synthesizing C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles but also hold significant potential in medicinal chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Approaches and Applications of 1H-Indazole N-Oxides

3 Summary and Outlook
Hexafluoroisopropyl N-Fluorosulfonyl Carbamate: Synthesis and Its Facile Transformation to Sulfamoyl Ureas
Authors: Liu Shuo , Li Xixi , Xu Long , Dong Jiajia , Wang Xiaolei
Published: April 2024

The synthesis of hexafluoroisopropyl N-fluorosulfonyl carbamate (HFC) and its facile transformation to sulfamoyl ureas are reported . Unlike liquid chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and fluorosulfonyl isocyanate (FSI), which are corrosive and moisture-sensitive, HFC is a white solid and displays satisfactory bench-stability and unique reactivity, which facilitates its double ligation with amines to directly afford a series of sulfamoyl ureas under ambient conditions. It is worth noting that HFC will serve as an efficient surrogate to CSI and FSI for laboratory use, especially for accessing the bioactive sulfamoyl ureas under mild conditions.