bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment of professional competencies and skills required for library professionals of management institutions in Kerala (India)
Authors: Vijesh P.V. , Ganesan Perumal
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore various skills of library professionals working in management institutions of Kerala State, India.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey method was used by distributing online questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaires were distributed to the library professionals working in management institutions in Kerala State, India.

Findings

The study’s results revealed that the library professionals were competent with managerial, communication and interpersonal skills. Conversely, they were lacking skills in statements such as institutional repository, web 2.0 and social networks. Their familiarity level with reference management tools, research and academic ethics, electronic publishing and management of open-access resources, were also not satisfactory. They need knowledge of other ICT skills such as designing and maintaining in-house databases, video conferencing tools, advanced troubleshooting creating and managing metadata, handling RFID technology and knowledge in solving issues while organizing webinars. Based on the findings, the study has suggested some recommendations which will enable the government/institutions to take appropriate measures to improve their skills.

Practical implications

This study will enable the policymakers to identify in which area the library professionals are weak and develop a strategy and framework for increasing the level of their skills.

Originality/value

This study provides the views of the library professionals working in management institutions in India and warrants the library professionals to enhance their skills, especially on research ethics and publications and ICT skills.
Manufacturing-induced stochastic constitutive behaviors of additive manufactured specimens: testing, data-driven modeling, and optimization
Authors: Chen Baixi , Mao Weining , Lin Yangsheng , Ma Wenqian , Hu Nan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an extensively used additive manufacturing method with the capacity to build complex functional components. Due to the machinery and environmental factors during manufacturing, the FDM parts inevitably demonstrated uncertainty in properties and performance. This study aims to identify the stochastic constitutive behaviors of FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) tensile specimens induced by the manufacturing process.

Design/methodology/approach

By conducting the tensile test, the effects of the printing machine selection and three major manufacturing parameters (i.e., printing speed S, nozzle temperature T and layer thickness t) on the stochastic constitutive behaviors were investigated. The influence of the loading rate was also explained. In addition, the data-driven models were established to quantify and optimize the uncertain mechanical behaviors of FDM-based tensile specimens under various printing parameters.

Findings

As indicated by the results, the uncertain behaviors of the stiffness and strength of the PLA tensile specimens were dominated by the printing speed and nozzle temperature, respectively. The manufacturing-induced stochastic constitutive behaviors could be accurately captured by the developed data-driven model with the R2 over 0.98 on the testing dataset. The optimal parameters obtained from the data-driven framework were T = 231.3595 °C, S = 40.3179 mm/min and t = 0.2343 mm, which were in good agreement with the experiments.

Practical implications

The developed data-driven models can also be integrated into the design and characterization of parts fabricated by extrusion and other additive manufacturing technologies.

Originality/value

Stochastic behaviors of additively manufactured products were revealed by considering extensive manufacturing factors. The data-driven models were proposed to facilitate the description and optimization of the FDM products and control their quality.
Fish responses to manipulated microhabitat complexity in urbanised shorelines
Authors: Taira Daisuke , Mark Rachel Y. Y. , Hsiung Amanda R. , Jaafar Zeehan , Todd Peter A.
Published: April 2024

The diversity‐habitat complexity relationship has been utilised widely in conservation and biodiversity enhancement interventions, but few studies have attempted to tease apart the components of complexity that drive this relationship. The ecological engineering of seawalls is one area where this topic has advanced, albeit not often at scales relevant to fish.

We constructed habitat enhancement units (Simple, Complex and Freestyle ‘fish houses’) out of hollow concrete blocks and installed them at the base of tropical rip‐rap seawalls. Simple and Complex fish houses were cuboid, had the same surface area and volume and included 100 holes (microhabitats). The holes in Simple fish houses were all the same size, whereas 25 size variations were used in the Complex design (volume‐independent manipulation of a single complexity element). The Freestyle fish house was non‐cuboid and had more overall volume, microhabitat types and sizes.

We examined the volume‐independent (Simple vs. Complex fish houses) and volume‐dependent (Freestyle fish house) effects of microhabitat complexity on fish taxonomic and functional assemblage metrics at two spatial scales and across diel cycles. We also investigated diurnal and nocturnal fish‐microhabitat size relationships.

There was a modest, but not significant, volume‐independent effect of complexity on fish assemblages. The Freestyle design, however, supported significantly greater abundance, species richness, and distinct taxonomic and functional compositions. These results were dependent on spatial scales and diel cycles. Diel variation in fish activity patterns resulted in stronger size‐matching relationships between fish and microhabitats at night than during the day.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that, to enhance fish diversity, it is important to provide three‐dimensional habitat architecture that incorporates a wide range of microhabitat sizes and types. Our findings also highlight some key considerations when assessing the performance of intervention designs, including spatial‐scale dependent effects of structural complexity, diel variation in fish‐microhabitat relationships, and choice of intervention assessment metric (i.e. taxonomic vs. functional diversity).
In silico identification and expression analysis of glutathione S‐transferase in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Jang Ho Am , Lee Seo Jin , Ku Sung Min , Kim Jae Hui , Kang Dong Woo , Choi So Yeon , Jung Sang Mok , Lee Jongdae , Lee Yong Seok , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun
Published: April 2024

Selective herbicides are used to control undesirable vegetation or weeds in fields without harming crops. Herbicide use for weed management can directly impact the densities of insect pests in agricultural communities as a result of insect mortality during and immediately after application. In insects, the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzyme is involved in both the detoxification process and the defense of cellular membranes against oxidative damage. In this study, two TmGSTs (TmGST‐iso1 and TmGST‐iso2) were identified and characterized to elucidate the GST family in Tenebrio molitor. Among the developmental stages of T. molitor, eggs had the highest expression levels of TmGST‐iso1. TmGST‐iso2 expression was highest in the pre‐pupal stage. TmGST‐iso1 expression was high in the guts of early and late larvae, whereas TmGST‐iso2 expression was not observed in early larvae. Adults, both male and female, had the highest levels of TmGST‐iso1 mRNA expression in the gut and reproductive organs, and the highest levels of TmGST‐iso2 expression in the reproductive organs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the impact of treatment with butachlor on the mRNA expression of TmGST‐iso1 and TmGST‐iso2 in larvae. TmGST‐iso1 expression increased in the butachlor‐treated group after 3 and 24 h, whereas TmGST‐iso2 expression peaked at 24 h after treatment. This study provides vital information about the detoxifying activities of T. molitor.
Gestational supplementation of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus attenuates hepatic steatosis in offspring mice through promoting fatty acid β‐oxidation
Authors: Chen Hangjun , Wu Qiongmei , Chen Xingyi , Yu Xinxue , Zhao Hanqing , Huang Qiaoli , Huang Yurong , Wang Jinting , Huang Xueyi , Wei Jun , Wu Feng , Xiao Xiaomin , Wang Lijun
Published: April 2024

Currently, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus (BLS) are widely recognized as the crucially beneficial bacteria in the gut. Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown their protective effects against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether gestational BLS supplementation could alleviate NAFLD in the offspring is still unknown. Kunming mice were given a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating. They received BLS supplementation by gavage during pregnancy. After weaning, offspring mice were fed with a regular diet up to 5 weeks old. Gestational BLS supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteriota, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum in the gut of dams exposed to HFD. In offspring mice exposed to maternal HFD, maternal BLS intake significantly decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes as well as the relative abundance of Prevotella and Streptococcus, but increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides. In offspring mice, maternal BLS supplementation significantly decreased the hepatic triglyceride content and mitigated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, maternal BLS supplementation increased the glutathione content and reduced malondialdehyde content in the liver. In addition, mRNA and protein expression levels of key rate‐limiting enzymes in mitochondrial β‐oxidation (CPT1α, PPARα, and PGC1α) in the livers of offspring mice were significantly increased after gestational BLS supplementation. Thus, gestational BLS supplementation may ameliorate maternal HFD‐induced steatosis and oxidative stress in the livers of offspring mice by modulating fatty acid β‐oxidation.
Physicochemical and sensorial properties of tomato leathers at different drying conditions
Authors: Basdemir Eren , Ince Alev Emine , Kizgin Sakine , Ozel Baris , Ozarda Ozlem , Sumnu Servet Gulum , Oztop Mecit Halil
Published: April 2024

Tomato leather as a healthy alternative to traditional fruit leathers was formulated. A tray dryer with changing temperature (50, 60, and 70°C) and relative humidity (5%, 10%, and 20%) was used to achieve the best product in terms of color, water distribution, lycopene content, mechanical, and sensorial properties. Color change was the highest at 70°C due to the Maillard reaction. Lycopene content was also the highest at 70°C. Time domain‐NMR relaxometry showed that water distribution of all samples was homogeneous and similar to each other. Processing conditions affected mechanical properties significantly. The highest tensile strength was observed at 70°C, possibly due to the denatured proteins. Sensory analysis indicated better flavor development at 70°C, whereas overall acceptability of samples was higher at 50°C. The results of this study showed the main processing parameters of tomato leather with a minimal amount of ingredients, with acceptable mechanical and sensorial properties.

Practical Application

Tomato leather was produced by using minimal amount of ingredients. Taste of the leather was found acceptable, as a salty snack food. Therefore, this product can be produced economically and it has a high potential to be consumed as an alternative to conventional fruit leathers.
Ultrasound assisted hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Taraxacum mongolicum: Optimization, purification, structure characterization, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Xue Hongkun , Nima Lamu , Wang Shuhe , Tan Jiaqi
Published: April 2024

Ultrasound assisted hot water extraction (UAHWE) was applied to extraction of polysaccharides from Taraxacum mongolicum with hot water as extract solvent. Experimental factors in UAHWE process were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters to achieve the highest Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharides (TMPs) yield (12.08 ± 0.14)% by UAHWE were obtained under the ultrasound power of 200 W, extraction temperature of 62°C, solid‐to‐liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL, and extraction time of 40 min, and then the crude TMPs were further purified by DEAE‐52 and Sephadex G‐100 chromatography to obtain a homogenous polysaccharide fraction (TMPs‐1‐SG). Subsequently, the structure of TMPs‐1‐SG was characterized by UV‐vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Congo red test. The results display that TMPs‐1‐SG with an average molecular weight of 5.49 × 104 Da was comprised of mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara) with a molar ratio of 39.85:52.61:27.14:6.30. Moreover, TMPs‐1‐SG did not contain a triple helix structure. Furthermore, TMPs‐1‐SG and TEM presented a sheet‐like, rod‐shaped, and irregular structure. Finally, the antioxidant activity of TMPs‐1‐SG was evaluated by in vitro experiment. The IC50 values of scavenging DPPH and OH radicals for TMPs‐1‐SG achieved 0.71 mg/mL and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. The findings can provide an effective method for extracting polysaccharides from natural resources.
Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: A minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics
Authors: O'Mahony Éadin N. , Sremba Angela L. , Keen Eric M. , Robinson Nicole , Dundas Archie , Steel Debbie , Wray Janie , Baker C. Scott , Gaggiotti Oscar E.
Published: April 2024

In coastal British Columbia, Canada, marine megafauna such as humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus velifera) have been subject to a history of exploitation and near extirpation. While their populations have been in recovery, significant threats are posed to these vulnerable species by proposed natural resource ventures in this region, in addition to the compounding effects of anthropogenic climate change. Genetic tools play a vital role in informing conservation efforts, but the associated collection of tissue biopsy samples can be challenging for the investigators and disruptive to the ongoing behaviour of the targeted whales. Here, we evaluate a minimally intrusive approach based on collecting exhaled breath condensate, or respiratory ‘blow’ samples, from baleen whales using an unoccupied aerial system (UAS), within Gitga'at First Nation territory for conservation genetics. Minimal behavioural responses to the sampling technique were observed, with no response detected 87% of the time (of 112 UAS deployments). DNA from whale blow (n = 88 samples) was extracted, and DNA profiles consisting of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, sex identification and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes were constructed. An average of 7.5 microsatellite loci per individual were successfully genotyped. The success rates for mtDNA and sex assignment were 80% and 89% respectively. Thus, this minimally intrusive sampling method can be used to describe genetic diversity and generate genetic profiles for individual identification. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of UAS‐collected whale blow for conservation genetics from a remote location.
Prevalence of frailty according to the Hospital Frailty Risk Score and related factors in older patients with acute coronary syndromes in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tan Van , Tran Huy Minh , Trinh Ha Bich Thi , Vu Vu Hoang , Bang Vien Ai
Published: April 2024

Objectives

(1) To investigate the prevalence of frailty defined by the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), a new scale for assessing frailty, in older patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); (2) To identify associations between frailty and the prescriptions of cardiovascular medications, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and in‐hospital adverse outcomes.

Methods

An observational study was conducted in patients aged older than 60 years with ACS at Thong Nhat Hospital from August to December 2022. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score is retrospectively calculated for all participants based on ICD‐10 codes, and those with HFRS scores ≥5 were defined as frail. Logistic regression models were applied to examine the relationship between frailty and the study outcomes.

Results

There were 511 participants in the study. The median age was 72.7, 60% were male and 29% were frail. Frailty was associated with lower odds of beta‐blocker use at admission (OR .49 95% CI .25–.94), treatment with PCI during hospitalisation (OR .48, 95% CI .30–.75), but did not show an association with prescriptions of cardiovascular drugs at discharge. Frailty was significantly associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes, including major bleeding (OR 4.07, 95% CI1.73–9.54), hospital‐acquired pneumonia (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.20–5.42), all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.37–7.20) and non‐cardiovascular in‐hospital mortality (OR 10.73, 95% CI 1.93–59.55).

Conclusions

The HFRS was an effective tool for stratifying frailty and predicting adverse health outcomes in older patients with ACS. Further research is needed to compare the HFRS with other frailty assessment tools in this population.
Extending the new era of genomic testing into pregnancy management: A proposed model for Australian prenatal services
Authors: Rogers Alice , De Jong Lucas , Waters Wendy , Rawlings Lesley H. , Simons Keryn , Gao Song , Soubrier Julien , Kenyon Rosalie , Lin Ming , King Rob , Lawrence David M. , Muller Peter , Leblanc Shannon , McGregor Lesley , Sallevelt Suzanne C. E. H. , Liebelt Jan , Hardy Tristan S. E. , Fletcher Janice M. , Scott Hamish S. , Kulkarni Abhi , Barnett Christopher P. , Kassahn Karin S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Trio exome sequencing can be used to investigate congenital abnormalities identified on pregnancy ultrasound, but its use in an Australian context has not been assessed.

Aims

Assess clinical outcomes and changes in management after expedited genomic testing in the prenatal period to guide the development of a model for widespread implementation.

Materials and methods

Forty‐three prospective referrals for whole exome sequencing, including 40 trios (parents and pregnancy), two singletons and one duo were assessed in a tertiary hospital setting with access to a state‐wide pathology laboratory. Diagnostic yield, turn‐around time (TAT), gestational age at reporting, pregnancy outcome, change in management and future pregnancy status were assessed for each family.

Results

A clinically significant genomic diagnosis was made in 15/43 pregnancies (35%), with an average TAT of 12 days. Gestational age at time of report ranged from 16 + 5 to 31 + 6 weeks (median 21 + 3 weeks). Molecular diagnoses included neuromuscular and skeletal disorders, RASopathies and a range of other rare Mendelian disorders. The majority of families actively used the results in pregnancy decision making as well as in management of future pregnancies.

Conclusions

Rapid second trimester prenatal genomic testing can be successfully delivered to investigate structural abnormalities in pregnancy, providing crucial guidance for current and future pregnancy management. The time‐sensitive nature of this testing requires close laboratory and clinical collaboration to ensure appropriate referral and result communication. We found the establishment of a prenatal coordinator role and dedicated reporting team to be important facilitators. We propose this as a model for genomic testing in other prenatal services.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of the adaption of epididymal epithelial cells to corticosterone challenge
Authors: Skerrett‐Byrne David A. , Stanger Simone J. , Trigg Natalie A. , Anderson Amanda L. , Sipilä Petra , Bernstein Ilana R. , Lord Tessa , Schjenken John E. , Murray Heather C. , Verrills Nicole M. , Dun Matthew D. , Pang Terence Y. , Nixon Brett
Published: April 2024

Background

The epididymis has long been of interest owing to its role in promoting the functional maturation of the male germline. More recent evidence has also implicated the epididymis as an important sensory tissue responsible for remodeling of the sperm epigenome, both under physiological conditions and in response to diverse forms of environmental stress. Despite this knowledge, the intricacies of the molecular pathways involved in regulating the adaptation of epididymal tissue to paternal stressors remains to be fully resolved.

Objective

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the direct impact of corticosterone challenge on a tractable epididymal epithelial cell line (i.e., mECap18 cells), in terms of driving adaptation of the cellular proteome and phosphoproteome signaling networks.

Materials and methods

The newly developed phosphoproteomic platform EasyPhos coupled with sequencing via an Orbitrap Exploris 480 mass spectrometer, was applied to survey global changes in the mECap18 cell (phospho)proteome resulting from sub‐chronic (10‐day) corticosterone challenge.

Results

The imposed corticosterone exposure regimen elicited relatively subtle modifications of the global mECap18 proteome (i.e., only 73 out of 4171 [∼1.8%] proteins displayed altered abundance). By contrast, ∼15% of the mECap18 phosphoproteome was substantially altered following corticosterone challenge. In silico analysis of the corresponding parent proteins revealed an activation of pathways linked to DNA damage repair and oxidative stress responses as well as a reciprocal inhibition of pathways associated with organismal death. Corticosterone challenge also induced the phosphorylation of several proteins linked to the biogenesis of microRNAs. Accordingly, orthogonal validation strategies confirmed an increase in DNA damage, which was ameliorated upon selective kinase inhibition, and an altered abundance profile of a subset of microRNAs in corticosterone‐treated cells.

Conclusions

Together, these data confirm that epididymal epithelial cells are reactive to corticosterone challenge, and that their response is tightly coupled to the opposing action of cellular kinases and phosphatases.
Seeing the forest for the trees: A response to commentaries on job insecurity conceptualizations, processes and social context
Authors: Klug Katharina , Selenko Eva , Van Hootegem Anahí , Sverke Magnus , De Witte Hans
Published: April 2024

We are grateful for the two commentaries on our lead article on job insecurity, its psychological repercussions and broader social context, which provide important additions, as well as impetus to refine and clarify our arguments. In this rejoinder, we respond to the most important points raised by the commentators: we refine our conceptualization of job insecurity, challenge the idea of job insecurity as a motivator and discuss the role of employees' immediate social context at the meso‐level, as well as theoretical explanations for the fundamental mechanisms of job insecurity. We conclude by emphasizing once more the political significance of job insecurity, as well as the need for evidence‐based interventions to address its root causes.
Monocytic microRNAs—Novel targets in atherosclerosis therapy
Authors: Euler Gerhild , Parahuleva Mariana
Published: April 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic proinflammatory disease of the vascular wall resulting in narrowing of arteries due to plaque formation, thereby causing reduced blood supply that is the leading cause for diverse end‐organ damage with high mortality rates. Monocytes/macrophages, activated by elevated circulating lipoproteins, are significantly involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory macrophages, arising from dysregulated macrophage polarization, appears to be a driving force in this process. Proatherosclerotic processes acting on monocytes/macrophages include accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages leading to foam cell formation, as well as dysfunctional efferocytosis, all of which contribute to the formation of unstable plaques. In recent years, microRNAs (miRs) were identified as factors that could modulate monocyte/macrophage function and may therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. In this review, we present effects of monocyte/macrophage‐derived miRs on atherosclerotic processes in order to reveal new treatment options using miRmimics or antagomiRs.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc
Assisted reproduction and congenital malformations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Veeramani Meenakshi , Balachandren Neerujah , Hong Yong Hwa , Lee Jiyoon , Corno Antonio F. , Mavrelos Dimitrios , Kastora Stavroula L.
Published: April 2024

Prior studies have explored the links between congenital anomalies and assisted reproduction techniques, among other factors. However, it remains unclear whether a particular technique harbors an inherent risk of major congenital anomalies, either cumulatively or in an organ‐specific manner. A meta‐analysis was conducted using relevant studies from inception to February 2023 using six databases and two appropriate registers. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using sub‐group analysis, using study weight, risk of bias and geographical location of original studies. Neonates conceived through assisted reproduction appear to have a higher risk of major congenital anomalies compared to naturally conceived neonates, OR 0.67 [95% CI 0.59, 0.76], I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001, with neonates conceived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at a 9% higher chance of being affected in comparison to neonates conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF). The increase in cardiac, gastrointestinal (GI), and neurological congenital anomalies appears to be independent of the assisted reproduction technique, while urogenital and musculoskeletal (MSK) anomalies were found to be increased in ICSI compared with IVF, OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.69, 0.98]; p = 0.03, I2 = 0%, and OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.49, 0.85]; p = 0.002, I2 = 80%, respectively. Neonates conceived using assisted reproduction techniques appear to be at higher risk of major congenital anomalies, with a higher risk attributable to conception using ICSI. The increase in cardiac, neurological, and GI congenital anomalies does not appear to be technique‐specific, while the opposite held true for urogenital and MSK anomalies.
The effect of school grants on test scores: experimental evidence from Mexico
Authors: Romero Mauricio , Bedoya Juan , Yanez‐Pagans Monica , Silveyra Marcela , de Hoyos Rafael
Published: April 2024

We use a randomized experiment (across 200 public primary schools in Puebla, Mexico) to study the impact of providing schools with cash grants on student test scores. Treated schools received on average 16 USD per student each year for two years, an increase of 20% in public spending per child, after teacher salaries. Overall, the grants had no impact on student test scores. Lack of a treatment effect does not seem to be driven by poor implementation or a substitution away from other inputs (e.g. household expenditure).
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in kidney transplantation
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Mizrak Berk , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine
Published: April 2024

Background

The fundamental role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension and proteinuria is well established in pre‐clinical and clinical studies. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are among the primary options for renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockage, along with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.

Methods

In this narrative review, we aim to evaluate the efficiency and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in kidney transplant recipients, including the potential underlying pathophysiology.

Results

The efficiency and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in managing chronic kidney disease and proteinuria, either non‐nephrotic or nephrotic range, have been demonstrated among nontransplanted patients, though studies investigating the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists among kidney transplant recipients are scarce. Nevertheless, promising results have been reported in pre‐clinical and clinical studies among kidney transplant recipients regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in terms of ischaemia–reperfusion injury, proteinuria, or calcineurin inhibitor‐mediated nephrotoxicity without considerable adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia or worsening renal functions.

Conclusion

Even though initial results regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy for kidney transplant recipients are promising, there is clear need for large‐scale randomized clinical trials with long‐term follow‐up data.
Making better use of tracking data can reveal the spatiotemporal and intraspecific variability of species distributions
Authors: Boom Michiel P. , Kissling W. Daniel
Published: April 2024

Understanding geographic ranges and species distributions is crucial for effective conservation, especially in the light of climate and land use change. However, the spatial, temporal and intraspecific resolution of digital accessible information on species distributions is often limited. Here, we suggest to make better use of high‐resolution tracking data to address existing limitations of occurrence records such as spatial biases (e.g. lack of observations in parts of the geographic range), temporal biases (e.g. lack of observations during a certain period of the year), and insufficient information on intraspecific variability (e.g. lack of population‐ or individual‐level variation). Addressing these gaps can improve our knowledge on geographic ranges, intra‐annual changes in species distributions, and population‐level differences in habitat and space use. We demonstrate this with tracking data and species distribution models (SDMs) of the barnacle goose, a migratory bird species wintering in western Europe and breeding in the Arctic. Our analyses show that tracking data can 1) supplement occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) in remote areas such as the European and Russian Arctic, 2) improve information on the temporal use of wintering, staging and breeding areas of migratory species and 3) be used to reveal distribution patterns at the population level. We recommend a broader use of tracking data to address the Wallacean shortfall (i.e. the incomplete knowledge on the geographic distribution of species) and to improve forecasts of biodiversity responses to climate and land use change (e.g. species vulnerability assessments). To avoid common pitfalls, we provide six recommendations for consideration during the research cycle when using tracking data in species distribution modelling, including steps to assess biases and integrate information on intraspecific variability in modelling approaches.
Measurement of the major ignored burden of multiple myeloma, pernicious anaemia and of other haematological conditions on partners and family members: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shah R. , Finlay A. Y. , Ali F. M. , Allen H. , Nixon S. J. , Nixon M. , Otwombe K. , Ingram J. R. , Salek M. S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Having a haematological condition can adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) of family members/partners of patients. It is important to measure this often ignored burden in order to implement appropriate supportive interventions.

Objective

To measure current impact of haematological conditions on the QoL of family members/partners of patients, using the Family Reported Outcome Measure‐16 (FROM‐16).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study, recruited online through patient support groups, involved UK family members/partners of people with haematological conditions completing the FROM‐16.

Results

183 family members/partners (mean age = 60.5 years, SD = 13.2; females = 62.8%) of patients (mean age = 64.1, SD = 12.8; females = 46.4%) with 12 haematological conditions completed the FROM‐16. The FROM‐16 mean total score was 14.0 (SD = 7.2), meaning ‘a moderate effect on QoL’. The mean FROM‐16 scores of family members of people with multiple myeloma (mean = 15.8, SD = 6.3, n = 99) and other haematological malignancies (mean = 13.9, SD = 7.8, n = 29) were higher than of people with pernicious anaemia (mean = 10.7, SD = 7.5, n = 47) and other non‐malignant conditions (mean = 11, SD = 7.4, n = 56, p < .01). Over one third (36.1%, n = 183) of family members experienced a ‘very large effect’ (FROM‐16 score>16) on their quality of life.

Conclusions

Haematological conditions, in particular those of malignant type, impact the QoL of family members/partners of patients. Healthcare professionals can now, using FROM‐16, identify those most affected and should consider how to provide appropriate holistic support within routine practice.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy evidence of cognitive–motor interference in different dual tasks
Authors: Ou Zi‐tong , Ding Qian , Yao Shan‐tong , Zhang Lei , Li Ya‐wen , Lan Yue , Xu Guang‐qing
Published: April 2024

Dual tasks (DTs) combining walking with a cognitive task can cause various levels of cognitive–motor interference, depending on which brain resources are recruited in each case. However, the brain activation and functional connectivity underlying cognitive–motor interferences remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the neural correlation during different DT conditions in 40 healthy young adults (mean age: 27.53 years, 28 women). The DTs included walking during subtraction or N‐Back tasks. Cognitive–motor interference was calculated, and brain activation and functional connectivity were analysed. Portable functional near‐infrared spectroscopy was utilized to monitor haemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), motor cortex and parietal cortex during each task. Walking interference (decrease in walking speed during DT) was greater than cognitive interference (decrease in cognitive performance during DT), regardless of the type of task. Brain activation in the bilateral PFC and parietal cortex was greater for walking during subtraction than for standing subtraction. Furthermore, brain activation was higher in the bilateral motor and parietal and PFCs for walking during subtraction than for walking alone, but only increased in the PFC for walking during N‐Back. Coherence between the bilateral lateral PFC and between the left lateral PFC and left motor cortex was significantly greater for walking during 2‐Back than for walking. The PFC, a critical brain region for organizing cognitive and motor functions, played a crucial role in integrating information coming from multiple brain networks required for completing DTs. Therefore, the PFC could be a potential target for the modulation and improvement of cognitive–motor functions during neurorehabilitation.
Density‐dependent species interactions modulate alpine treeline shifts
Authors: Zheng Xiangyu , Babst Flurin , Camarero Jesús Julio , Li Xiaoxia , Lu Xiaoming , Gao Shan , Sigdel Shalik Ram , Wang Yafeng , Zhu Haifeng , Liang Eryuan
Published: April 2024

Species interactions such as facilitation and competition play a crucial role in driving species range shifts. However, density dependence as a key feature of these processes has received little attention in both empirical and modelling studies. Herein, we used a novel, individual‐based treeline model informed by rich in situ observations to quantify the contribution of density‐dependent species interactions to alpine treeline dynamics, an iconic biome boundary recognized as an indicator of global warming. We found that competition and facilitation dominate in dense versus sparse vegetation scenarios respectively. The optimal balance between these two effects was identified at an intermediate vegetation thickness where the treeline elevation was the highest. Furthermore, treeline shift rates decreased sharply with vegetation thickness and the associated transition from positive to negative species interactions. We thus postulate that vegetation density must be considered when modelling species range dynamics to avoid inadequate predictions of its responses to climate warming.
Management of seizures in patients with primary mitochondrial diseases: consensus statement from the InterERNs Mitochondrial Working Group
Authors: Mancuso Michelangelo , Papadopoulou Maria T. , Ng Yi Shiau , Ardissone Anna , Bellusci Marcello , Bertini Enrico , Di Vito Lidia , Evangelista Teresinha , Fons Carmen , Hikmat Omar , Horvath Rita , Klopstock Thomas , Kornblum Cornelia , Lamperti Costanza , Licchetta Laura , Molnar Maria Judit , Varhaug Kristin N. , O'Callaghan Mar , Pressler Ronit M. , Schiff Manuel , Servidei Serenella , Szabo Nora , Gorman Gráinne S. , Cross J Helen , Rahman Shamima
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose

Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are common inborn errors of energy metabolism, with an estimated prevalence of one in 4300. These disorders typically affect tissues with high energy requirements, including heart, muscle and brain. Epilepsy may be the presenting feature of PMD, can be difficult to treat and often represents a poor prognostic feature. The aim of this study was to develop guidelines and consensus recommendations on safe medication use and seizure management in mitochondrial epilepsy.

Methods

A panel of 24 experts in mitochondrial medicine, pharmacology and epilepsy management of adults and/or children and two patient representatives from seven countries was established. Experts were members of five different European Reference Networks, known as the Mito InterERN Working Group. A Delphi technique was used to allow the panellists to consider draft recommendations on safe medication use and seizure management in mitochondrial epilepsy, using two rounds with predetermined levels of agreement.

Results

A high level of consensus was reached regarding the safety of 14 out of all 25 drugs reviewed, resulting in endorsement of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for seizure management, with some modifications. Exceptions including valproic acid in POLG disease, vigabatrin in patients with γ‐aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency and topiramate in patients at risk for renal tubular acidosis were highlighted.

Conclusions

These consensus recommendations describe our intent to improve seizure control and reduce the risk of drug‐related adverse events in individuals living with PMD‐related epilepsy.
Updated mutational spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlations in ichthyosis patients with ABCA12 pathogenic variants
Authors: Noda Tatsuhiro , Takeichi Takuya , Tanahashi Kana , Ogawa Yasushi , Takeuchi So , Yoshikawa Takenori , Toriyama Erika , Ashida Miwa , Imakado Sumihisa , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Okamoto Takashi , Okuno Yusuke , Ogi Tomoo , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Kubo Akiharu , Muro Yoshinao , Suga Yasushi , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Akiyama Masashi
Published: April 2024

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) is a genetically heterogeneous condition that can be caused by pathogenic variants in at least 12 genes, including ABCA12. ARCI mainly consists of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and harlequin ichthyosis (HI). The objective was to determine previously unreported pathogenic variants in ABCA12 and to update genotype–phenotype correlations for patients with pathogenic ABCA12 variants. Pathogenic variants in ABCA12 were detected using Sanger sequencing or a combination of Sanger sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing. To verify the pathogenicity of a previously unreported large deletion and intron variant, cDNA analysis was performed using total RNA extracted from hair roots. Genetic analyses were performed on the patients with CIE, LI, HI and non‐congenital ichthyosis with unusual phenotypes (NIUP), and 11 previously unreported ABCA12 variants were identified. Sequencing of cDNA confirmed the aberrant splicing of the variant ABCA12 in the patients with the previously unreported large deletion and intron variant. Our findings expand the phenotype spectrum of ichthyosis patients with ABCA12 pathogenic variants. The present missense variants in ABCA12 are considered to be heterogenous in pathogenicity, and they lead to varying disease severities in patients with ARCI and non‐congenital ichthyosis with unusual phenotypes (NIUP).
Sanctification of African American Couple Relationships and Relational Forgiveness
Authors: Skipper Antonius D. , Chaney Cassandra D. , Rose Andrew H. , Wiley Richard W. , Wooten Chelsey C. , Myers Curry Tamecia , Lavender‐Bratcher Debra , Moore TJ , Kennedy Jordan
Published: April 2024

Objective

Using participant responses from 525 different‐sex married and cohabiting African American couples, we examined the dyadic association between relational sanctification and relational forgiveness.

Background

Religion has a central role in the lives of many African Americans because it traditionally has been a place of refuge against stressors that disproportionally impact African Americans. However, little is known about how African American couples utilize relational sanctification as a strength.

Method

Data were collected from African American couples between October 2019 and January 2020 as part of a larger study called the Strong African American Couples Project. Utilizing dyadic panels from Qualtrics, this project specifically targeted African American couples who were cohabiting (n = 233) or married (n = 292) thus, enabling us to analyze a multigroup actor–partner interdependence model.

Results

Significant actor effects were found between sanctification and individual as well as perceived partner forgiveness in married and cohabiting couple relationships. No significant partner effects were found.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of recognizing various aspects of religiosity and spirituality within relationships, especially for African American couples with historically high rates of dissolution and self‐rated religiosity.

Implications

As interventionalists work with religious and spiritual African American couples, they need to understand the role that sanctity may have within these partner relationships and the positive impact it can have on relational outcomes.
Primary prophylaxis implementation and long‐term joint outcomes in Swedish haemophilia A patients
Authors: Arvanitakis Alexandros , Jepsen Caroline , Andersson Nadine G , Baghaei Fariba , Astermark Jan
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Primary prophylaxis is the gold standard in severe haemophilia A (SHA) but time to escalate the prophylaxis regimen varies.

Aim

Assess prophylaxis implementation and long‐term joint health outcomes in SHA with primary prophylaxis.

Methods

Adult male patients born after 1980, with SHA on primary prophylaxis, started before the age of 3 years and second joint bleed, and no history of FVIII inhibitors, were enrolled. Repeated joint‐health examinations were performed with HJHS or HEAD‐US; VERITAS‐PRO assessed adherence.

Results

Thirty patients were enrolled with, at inclusion, median age 33.5 years, annualized bleed rate and joint bleed rate 0, and FVIII consumption 4232 IU/kg/year, respectively. The median age was 1.2 years, at prophylaxis start once weekly with a median FVIII dose of 47.7 IU/kg, and 1.7 years, by the time escalation to a final regimen had occurred, with a median infusion frequency of thrice weekly and FVIII dose 41.7 IU/kg, respectively. Older age correlated with later transition to escalated prophylaxis (p < .001). Longer time to escalated prophylaxis correlated to more bleeds (p < .001). Median HJHS increased slowly, reaching 4 at 35–40 years. HJHS at 15–20 years correlated with higher HJHS afterwards. Median total HEAD‐US score was 1 and correlated with HJHS (p < .001). Median VERITAS‐PRO score was 36, indicating good treatment adherence.

Conclusion

Primary prophylaxis is effective but does not completely prevent the gradual development of arthropathy in SHA. Joint assessments with HJHS should start at an early age, as they correlate with arthropathy in later life. Prophylaxis escalation should proceed expeditiously to prevent bleeds.
1923 and the legacies of genocide
Authors: Kurt Ümit
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the founding of the Republic and the legacy of the Armenian genocide of 1915 in the subsequent decades by scrutinizing two pivotal facets. The first one revolves around the accumulation of capital by the Turkish state through the sequestration of Armenian properties, and the second one is the appointment of mid‐level Ottoman bureaucrats of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) as new civilian bureaucrats of the Republican regime without accountability for their involvement in the Armenian genocide during wartime. Thus, the article argues that perpetrators of this genocide under the CUP regime ascended to the upper echelons of the bureaucracy during the Republican era.
Effects of h‐BN on the thermal shock and oxidation resistance of SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Yanjun , Duan Xiaohan , Chen Jin , Jin Endong , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing
Published: April 2024

In order to improve the thermal shock and oxidation resistance of the SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories, SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories incorporating h‐BN were prepared. The effects of h‐BN on mechanical properties, thermal shock, and oxidation resistance of the SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories were investigated. The flexural strength of the SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories was significantly increased with the addition of the h‐BN. Sample with 5 wt.% h‐BN addition exhibited highest flexural strength of 65.8 MPa which is much higher than that (30.8 MPa) of the samples without h‐BN addition. Because of the self‐healing caused by the oxidation, inhibited crystallization of the SiO2, and the toughing mechanism introduce by the plate‐like h‐BN, the thermal shock resistance of the SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories were significantly enhanced by the addition of h‐BN. Moreover, B2O3 produced from oxidation of the h‐BN combing SiO2 formed borosilicate glass inhibiting crystallization of the SiO2, thereby forming a more stable protective layer, consequently, the oxidation resistance of the SiO2‐bonded SiC refractories was enhanced. The enhanced thermal shock and oxidation resistance from addition of the h‐BN have important implications for its high‐temperature applications.
Aluminum nitride‐based ceramics with excellent thermal shock resistances
Authors: Wang Zhongyan , Zou Ji , Cai Shu , Zuo You , Ling Lei , Liang Huayue , Wang Weiming , Lv Xuming , Fu Zhengyi
Published: April 2024

Ceramics were susceptible to thermal shock failure. In this work, aluminum nitride‐based ceramics with excellent thermal shock resistance were developed. Thermal shock resistance was evaluated in the temperature range of 1200–1600°C by thermal cycling of 10, 20, 30, and 50 times. The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the ceramics before and after the thermal shock were investigated. After 50 thermal cycles, the retention rates of the flexural strength and fracture toughness were 81.7% and 113.1%, respectively. The excellent thermal shock resistance was attributed to the combined effects of amorphous grain boundaries that passivate the propagation of microcracks and in‐situ precipitation of nanocrystalline particles during thermal cycles, both of which provide useful guidelines for developing ceramics with better thermal shock resistances.