bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
House of Strangers (Mankiewicz, 1949)
Authors: Portillo Francisca
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la violencia subyacente de la actuación de un padre autocrático sobre sus sumisos y recelosos hijos, todo bajo el prisma de una ambientación shakespeariana. El punto de partida es la adaptación cinematográfica House of Strangers, dirigida por Joseph L. Mankiewicz en 1949 y que está basada en una de las tragedias más reconocidas del dramaturgo inglés William Shakespeare, King Lear (1606). El tema de la violencia adquiere relevancia cuando las hijas que desprecian a Lear son transformadas por Mankiewicz, revelando como la brutalidad no solo puede ser heredada e incluso aumentada, sino también, y especialmente, como puede ser superada y trascendida dadas las condiciones adecuadas. Estos temas son considerados no solo desde una perspectiva cinematográfica sino que también se retoman desde un contexto cinematográfico específico, el del cine noir, que contribuye con una serie de motivos, personajes y una atmósfera muy concreta. En lo que respecta a las consideraciones de género, los principals aspectos examinados incluyen el tratamiento diferencial dado a los personajes masculinos y femeninos en los contextos familiares y laborales. Mientras las mujeres son circunscritas normalmente en un contexto familiar, los hombres son incluidos frecuentemente como personajes que lideran el medio social y laboral. Como uno de los aspectos más relevantes, el papel de tres de los cuatro hijos es analizado en términos de su “feminización” debido a su incapacidad para enfrentarse a la naturaleza dominante de su padre. Finalmente, y más relevante, está la comparación entre dos personajes femeninos antagónicos, los de Maria e Irene, siendo la primera la personificación del concepto del «ángel en la casa» mientras la segunda acapara todas las características prototípicas de una «mujer faltal».
Festejando a una infanta: el bautizo de María Eugenia en Madrid, 1626
Authors: Jarana Vidal Sara
Published: December 2020

En 1625 nació la Infanta María Eugenia, la tercera de las hijas del matrimonio compuesto por el rey Felipe IV y la reina Isabel de Borbón. Esta niña, nacida en veinte y uno de noviembre, fue bautizada en junio de 1626, con la pompa festiva propia de una infanta primogénita, ya que sus dos hermanas mayores habían fallecido al poco tiempo de nacer. Gracias a la relación de sucesos de Antonio Ferrari, de ese mismo año, podemos conocer muchos de los detalles que protagonizaron el día del bautismo de la pequeña infanta, incluido que sus padrinos fueron la reina de Hungría, doña María y el legado papal, el cardenal Barberini. En este trabajo analizaremos los datos existentes sobre el bautismo de la infanta, e intentaremos examinar los diferentes elementos del protocolo, propio de este tipo ceremonias.
SİMETRİK VE FARKLI ORYANTASYON AÇILARINA SAHİP TABAKALI KOMPOZİT KİRİŞLERİN DİNAMİK ANALİZİ
Authors: NALBANT Mustafa Oğuz , TEKİN Ayla
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, simetrik ve farklı oryantasyon açılarına sahip iki tabakalı kompozit kirişlerin dinamik analizi numerik olarak incelenmiştir. İlk kısımda gerçek boyutlara sahip tabakalı kirişin sonlu elemanlar metodu ile analitik çözümü yapılmıştır. Analitik çözümde kiriş Euler-Bernoulli kiriş teorisi kirişi kabul edilmiştir. İkinci kısımda ise sistem sönümsüz serbest titreşime maruz bırakılarak dinamik analizi yapılmıştır. Sistemin numerik analizi için matematik analiz programı olan MATLAB program dili kullanılmıştır. İki tabakalı çeşitli sınır şartlarına sahip kirişlerin; farklı açılarda ve uzunluk-kalınlık oranlarında doğal frekansları elde edilmiştir. Tabakalı kompozit kirişlerde büyük genlikli titreşimler oldukça etkilidir. Bu sebeple frekanslar ilk sekiz mod için tablo haline getirilip yorumlanmıştır.
CRISE DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: UM IMPASSE PARA O FEDERALISMO NACIONAL
Authors: Junior Luiz Carlos Ramiro
Published: December 2020

A partir de um diagnóstico da singularidade da crise do Rio de Janeiro na área da Segurança Pública, dois pontos críticos tidos como causas do fenômeno são observados: a crise de autoridade local, que leva a um entrecruzamento de competências, e, por conseguinte, as consequências de um federalismo impróprio. O impasse federativo é explicado pelas reiteradas formas de intervenção por parte de entes da União Federal no âmbito estadual. A fim de enfrentar esse dilema, o texto discute a ideia de uma ação permanente da União no Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma hipotética autodeclaração de impotência local, e, de outro lado, do reconhecimento da particularidade de determinado ente, em que o local se confunde com o nacional. Em termos práticos, o resultado da pesquisa traz entrevistas, que refletem um prognóstico de organização das polícias num novo desenho federativo. Observa-se ainda como a Intervenção Federal decretada em 2018 acaba reiterando as presunções apontadas na pesquisa.

 

Based on a diagnosis of the uniqueness of the Rio de Janeiro crisis in the Public Security, this paper presents two critical points as causes of the phenomenon: the crisis of local authority, which leads to a cross-linking of public competencies, and, consequently, the aftereffects of the Brazilian constitutional federalism. The federative impasse is explained by the repeated forms of intervention by Union entities at the state. In order to address this problem, the text discusses the idea of a permanent action by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, based on a hypothetical self-declaration of local impotence, and, on the other hand, the recognition of a particularity in Rio, where the local is confounded with the national. Finally, the research results bring interviews, which reflect a prognosis of police organization in a new federative design. In addition, the paper analyzes how the Federal Intervention decreed in 2018 reinforces the assumptions pointed out in this research.]

A partir de un diagnóstico de la singularidad de la crisis de Río de Janeiro en la Seguridad Pública, la violencia, los crímenes, etc., se observa dos puntos críticos que son como causas del fenómeno: la crisis de autoridad local, que conduce al entrecruzamiento de competencias, y, por consiguiente, las consecuencias de un federalismo inapropiado. El bloqueo federativo se explica por las reiteradas maneras de intervención de la Unión en el ámbito estadual. Con el fin de enfrentar este dilema, el texto discute la idea de una acción permanente de la Unión Federal en Río de Janeiro, a partir de una hipotética auto declaración de impotencia local, y, por otro lado, del reconocimiento de la particularidad de determinado ente, en que lo local se confunde con lo nacional. En términos prácticos, el resultado de la investigación trae entrevistas que reflejan un pronóstico de organización de las policías en un nuevo diseño federativo. Es oportuno observar que la Intervención Federal decretada en 2018 fortalece el diagnostico desarrollado en esta investigación.
GEOPOLÍTICA DO CÁUCASO:
Authors: Júnior Helvécio de Jesus , Xavier João Ricardo Guilherme Zimmer
Published: December 2020

A Guerra do Nagorno-Karabakh ocorreu entre 1988 e 1994, no primeiro momento entre as repúblicas soviéticas da Armênia e do Azerbaijão e, com as respectivas independências, em 1991, o conflito continuou e tomou maiores proporções. Em decorrência da importância geopolítica da região, as potências globais e regionais passam a influenciar no conflito que não foi resolvido até o momento, o que lhe dá um status de “sem guerra, nem paz”, com um cessar-fogo que não gerou o fim das hostilidades. Desta forma, serão apresentados, neste artigo, o histórico do conflito, seus aspectos geopolíticos, a ação de atores externos e os seus interesses na região.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE SAN TIAGO DANTAS PARA A DEMOCRACIA, AUTONOMIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO BRASIL
Authors: Leite Amauri Pereira , Figueiredo Eurico de Lima
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o texto do Professor Williams da Silva Gonçalves
¹
sobre Francisco Clementino de San Tiago Dantas
²
e sua contribuição para a
democracia, autonomia e desenvolvimento do Brasil. Tem também o propósito
de analisar a obra de San Tiago e verificar sua possível contribuição para o
relacionamento civil-militar. Gonçalves tece uma reflexão sobre o pensamento de
San Tiago Dantas e destaca que, a seu juízo, San Tiago forma a matriz teórica do
pensamento social e político brasileiro que se orienta no sentido de promover o
desenvolvimento em condições democráticas para que o país alcance a autonomia
no meio internacional.
İlkokulda Girişimcilik Eğitimi: Amaç, İçerik ve Öğretim Süreci
Authors: YURTSEVEN Ramazan
Published: December 2020

21. yüzyıl becerileri arasında yer alan ve gelecek nesillerin sahip olması gerektiği vurgulanan becerilerden birisi girişimcilik becerisidir. Girişimcilik becerilerinin tüm eğitim kademelerinde ve özellikle ilkokulda öğrencilere kazandırılması, hızla değişen dünyanın gereklerini yerine getirebilecek girişimci bireylerin yetiştirilmesi ve toplumun gelişmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Okullarda öğrencilerin girişimcilik becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar lise ya da daha çok üniversite düzeyinde mevcut iken, bu kapsamda özellikle ilkokul düzeyinde yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada literatür taramasına dayalı olarak, ilkokulda girişimcilik becerilerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla uygulanacak eğitim faaliyetlerinde “amaçların, öğretilmesi gerekli olan konu ve kavramların ve uygulanabilecek etkinliklerle birlikte öğretim yöntemi ve tekniklerinin” neler olabileceğini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bir derleme çalışması olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ilkokulda girişimcilik eğitimi konusunda temel bir çerçeve oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçların ülkemizde bu konudaki mevcut eksikliğin giderilmesine ve ilkokullarda uygulanacak girişimcilik eğitimlerine katkı sunması umulmaktadır.
Vitiligo and the Social Stigma Attached to It
Authors: Library Spring
Published: December 2020

The well-established theory states that vitiligo is usually initiated by a trigger including hormonal changes, psychological trauma, and stress, exposure to chemicals, or trauma to the skin and sufferers have to cope-up with a lot of social stigmas.
Phase Analysis of the Data Dynamics from the Tourism Sector
Authors: Lyashenko Vyacheslav
Published: December 2020

The tourism industry covers various areas of economic activity. Tourism has various areas and directions of its implementation. One of the significant areas of tourism is international tourism. International tourism influences and reflects different spheres of human economic activity. This type of economic activity can have a non-linear nature of the processes that describe it. To analyze and identify such processes, the concept of a phase portrait is used. The paper reveals the features of nonlinear dynamics of processes in the field of tourism. We used real data to construct individual phase portraits in the tourism sector. A number of specific examples of the analysis of indicators from the tourism sector are given.
Studi Perilaku Dating Violence pada Mahasiswa di Kabupaten Pringsewu
Authors: Pratama Florentius Yogie , Diana Hasni
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai bentuk kekerasan dalam berpacaran pada mahasiswa di Kabupaten Pringsewu. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai adalah kuesioner Bentuk-bentuk Kekerasan dalam Pacaran dengan jumlah 58 item. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa sebanyak 184 orang. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif kategoris yang diawali dengan tabulasi skor tabulasi skor dari masing- masing item, selanjutnya mengkategorisasikan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam pacaran yang dialami. Kategorisasi ini terdiri dari tiga jenjang yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa (1) Bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam berpacaran pada mahasiswa di Kabupaten Pringsewu termasuk dalam kategori “jarang” terdapat 58 butir item, dan terdapat kategori kerap kali 2 item, dan bentuk kekerasan dalam pacaran yang terjadi kategori sering tidak ada. (2) Berdasarkan analisis butir-butir kuesioner bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam pacaran, yang terindikasi 10 frekuensi tinggi, diusulkan topik bimbingan yang implikatif dalam bimbingan pacaran yang sehat dan aman. Abstract: This study belongs to a descriptive study that aims at obtaining the description of violence in dating among adolescents’ overview as students at Kabupaten Pringsewu. The type of this research is a descriptive study using a survey method. The research instrument used is a questionnaire about types of dating violence among students consisting of 58 items. The subject is a college student consisting of 184 people. The technique of data analysis is using a categorized descriptive technique that begins with a score tabulation of each item, then categorizing the types of dating violence encountered by students. This categorization consists of three levels, they are high, medium, and low. The results show that: (1) The types of dating violence encountered by college students indicate that 58 items belong to the rare category, 2 items belong to the frequent category, and no items belong to the often category. (2) Based on the analysis of the items in the questionnaire that belong to high frequency, the writer suggested the implied guidance topics in compiling the healthy and safe dating guidance program.
Az új koronavírus hatása a Nyugat-Balkánra (2.)
Authors: Orosz Anna
Published: December 2020

A koronavírus-járvány első hulláma komoly gazdasági hatásokkal járt a nyugat-balkáni régióban, mivel negatívan érintette a húzóágazatok jelentős részét. A politikai hatások azonban nem egy kaptafa szerint formálódtak: míg Szerbiában a hatalom további koncentrációjához vezetett, addig Montenegróban a kormánypártok nem tudtak politikai tőkét kovácsolni a védekezésből. Mindeközben a járvány elleni védekezés új terepet adott a nemzetközi szereplők régióbeli versenyének.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/139
Authors:   Ph.D. Researcher, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi., Ara Anjum , Sultana Munawer
Published: December 2020

This examination was intended to look into the Text books of Islamic Studies for auxiliary schools in Karachi. The examination secured the significant components of the Text books of Islamic Studies, to be specific the points, the educational plan, showing strategies, helps and exercises and the styles of appraisal. The strategies which were utilized to gather the information for this examination were the survey and the meeting. The examination populace included: educators of the Islamic Studies, directors, and understudies of the tenth grade optional schools. The discoveries demonstrated that in principle the Text books of Islamic Studies' points appear to be far reaching, covering all the parts of understudy improvement. Be that as it may, shockingly, there were no genuine applications for each one of those points in the down to earth instructing of the Text books of Islamic Studies., regardless of whether one inspected the reading material, showing techniques, or styles of appraisal. The subjects of the course books commonly centered on the hypothetical parts of the Text books of Islamic Studies, and a portion of those points were dreary. Training techniques were customary and centered on telling by the educator, with an absence of present day instructing strategies to urge the understudy to play a functioning job in the learning procedure. Furthermore, there was an away from of present day instructive guides like various media gear. At last, the style of evaluation was conventional planned for estimating the understudies' information, without focusing on estimating different parts of understudy accomplishment.
Motivation of Women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria
Authors: Fayokemi Eunice Aremu , M. Epetimehin Festus
Published: December 2020

This study examined motivation of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. It also identify motivational factors that motivate women entrepreneurs and the influence of motivational factors of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted and the population consisted of 120 women entrepreneurs, out of which 100 women were selected in Lagos State through simple random sampling technique. Data generated through questionnaire were analysed using frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, F-statistics and multiple regression (R2) analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The finding revealed that motivational factors are positive on women entrepreneurs (r=.352**, P(.000)<.01). It is concluded that there are motivational factors such as competence motivation, affiliation motivation, incentive motivation and power motivation to mention but few that drive women to engage in entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It is recommended that women entrepreneurs should use those factors that motivate them to take up entrepreneurship to encourage other women to participate either fully or partially in entrepreneurship process.
John Zachariah Laurence: ‘forgotten luminary’
Authors: Pearce JMS
Published: December 2020

John Zachariah Laurence was one of the four medical staff appointed in 1860 to the new “Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic,” at 24 Queen Square, London. A prize-winning graduate of UCH he was known for his high intellect and skills in general surgery and in ophthalmology. After a brief period at Queen Square he left to found the South London Ophthalmic Hospital that became the Royal Eye Hospital, and the “Ophthalmic Review”, the first British journal of ophthalmology; he later served at Barts. Highly accomplished in the arts, literature and research his achievements were sadly neglected by his contemporaries.
Supernumerary phantom limbs
Authors:   Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Larner Andrew
Published: December 2020

Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), justly regarded as one of the founding fathers of neurology, published accounts of phantom limbs in the 1860s and 1870s,1 around the time that neurology was emerging as an independent clinical discipline (although earlier accounts of phantom limbs are recognised2). Phantom limbs are most often observed in the context of amputation, but reports of extra limbs occurring without amputation have also appeared. Two brief cases are presented here to illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of the supernumerary limb, the possible pathophysiology of which is briefly considered.
Los servicios registrales y su incidencia en la satisfacción de los usuarios de la Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos de Tacna, 2019
Authors: Vargas Romero Milagros del Rosario , Limache Sandoval Elmer Marcial
Published: December 2020

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la incidencia de los servicios registrales en la satisfacción de los usuarios de la Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos de Tacna, 2019. Siendo de tipo básica observacional, el nivel de investigación es analítico. La población está conformada por la población electoral de la ciudad de Tacna, siendo 254,799 habitantes, con un tamaño de muestra de 384 usuarios, obtenidos con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error 5%. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta, siendo como instrumento el cuestionario que es validado por expertos.

Con el estudio se demuestra que existe correlación alta entre las variables, confirmando la incidencia positiva y significativa entre los servicios registrales y la satisfacción de los usuarios de la Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos de Tacna.
Diseño de vigas de gran peralte con alto nivel de asimetría usando la técnica del puntal tirante
Authors: Linaja García Glenda Milagros , Cotrado Flores Dina Marlene
Published: December 2020

Se estudia las vigas de gran peralte, que son usadas para soportar grandes cargas o por condiciones arquitectónicas. Esta investigación consiste en la determinación del diseño de una viga discontinua en totalidad, tanto en carga como en geometría, usando la técnica puntal - tirante, por lo cual, usando información bibliográfica de trabajos de investigación similares se procedió a la realización del diseño estructural de esta viga, la técnica es recomendada por la norma peruana E.060. Posteriormente, se realizó el modelado en el software AbaqusCAE para poder determinar esfuerzos del refuerzo de acero, porcentaje de parámetros de daño, esfuerzos de Von Mises y Tresca, porcentaje de fisuras y porcentaje de aplastamiento, obteniendo como resultado un buen diseño para este tipo de estructuras, que fue verificado en el software donde tiene un buen comportamiento, concluyendo que, para la muestras con discontinuidades considerables se recomienda usar la técnica del Strut and Tie.3
Revisión de las técnicas de recuperación post entrenamiento más usadas para disminuir la incidencia de fatiga crónica en futbolistas
Authors: Gaviria Marulanda Alexandrea , Zapata Segura Luisa María , Echeverry Mosquera Estefany , Vásquez Vallejo Mayra Alejandra , Alegría Riascos Ingrid Tatiana , Ríos Ararat Diana Carolina
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El siguiente artículo pretende resaltar el uso de las técnicas de recuperación más utilizadas en los futbolistas posterior al entrenamiento y competencia deportiva, que disminuyan la incidencia de fatiga crónica y a su vez, la ocurrencia de lesiones osteomusculares, mejorando el rendimiento deportivo y evitando el síndrome de sobreentrenamiento por falta de recuperación. Objetivo: Indagar en los diferentes protocolos o estrategias de recuperación más utilizadas en el post entrenamiento en futbol y la labor del fisioterapeuta deportivo en los equipos multidisciplinarios. Métodos: Se revisaron bases de datos como Pubmed, Science direct, Scielo, Google Scholar, a través de una revisión exploratoria, generando un análisis frente a la efectividad e impacto a nivel fisiológico y psicológico. Resultados: Los   resultados permitieron agrupar las técnicas de recuperación en el grupo de métodos de recuperación activa y el de métodos de recuperación pasiva que favorecen la recuperación del deportista tras las sesiones de entrenamiento y en periodos de competencia. Conclusión: Diferentes autores han señalado la relevancia que tiene la recuperación en el rendimiento deportivo y especialmente en este tipo de deporte, pues constituye uno de los principios básicos del entrenamiento, en la cual se pueden prevenir las lesiones en el futbol desde diferentes aspectos.
Honey and Propolis have Antifungal Property against Select Dermatophytes and Candida albicans
Authors: Batac Maria Christina R. , Sison Mary Ann C. , Cervancia Cleofas R. , Nicolas Marie Eleanore O.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To determine the antifungal properties of honey from two different floral sources (sunflower and coconut) and Philippine propolis against selected dermatophytes and Candida albicans.

Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of honey and propolis against Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans was determined using the broth macrodilution method (NCCLS M38-P). Disk diffusion method was used to determine the zones of inhibition. Clotrimazole served as comparator drug.

Results. Sunflower and coconut honey inhibited all test fungi, with coconut honey yielding lower MICs. However, propolis performed better than both sunflower and coconut honey. T. mentagrophytes was most sensitive to the test agents. Zones of inhibition were not produced by sunflower honey for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum; by coconut honey for Microsporum gypseum, and by propolis for Epidermophyton floccosum. No zone of inhibition was exhibited by honey and propolis for Candida albicans.

Conclusion. Honey and aqueous propolis extract exhibit antifungal properties against Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans. Although honey and propolis have inhibitory activities against these organisms, clotrimazole is still relatively superior based on the zone of inhibition produced by the test drugs.
Antibacterial Activity of the Cream Preparation from Theobroma cacao L. Pod Aqueous Extract
Authors: Ladignon Ethel Andrea C. , Bautista-Palacpac Jocelyn S.
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives. While Theobroma cacao L has long been utilized in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, it was also found to possess antibacterial activity. The beans comprise 10% of the fruit, while the remaining 90%, consisting of pods, is considered waste. It was reported that the pods possess antibacterial activity, and if utilized for this purpose, T. cacao pods will no longer be considered as waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the cream formulated from the aqueous extract of T. cacao L pods.

Methods. The milled T. cacao pods were extracted using distilled water at 4°C for 24 hours. The crude extract was subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning using hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify the constituents present in the extract and its fractions. The extract and its fractions were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Determination of IC50 using 3,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Reduction Assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The extract with the highest yield and the highest antibacterial activity were formulated into a cream. T. cacao cream was evaluated with quality control tests for creams and emulsions. Acute skin irritation test was performed on the T. cacao cream to assess skin irritability upon application on adult male albino rabbits.

Results. T. cacao crude extract and its fractions possessed antibacterial activity. Among the fractions tested, n-butanol fraction had the highest activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa. There was a significant difference between the fractions tested on the three bacterial strains (p<0.05). Although n-butanol fraction had the highest activity, the actual yield obtained after extraction was 0.95%. Since T. cacao aqueous extract also exhibited good antibacterial activity, it was chosen for the formulation study. There was no significant difference between the IC50 of the T. cacao crude extract and the IC50 of T. cacao cream, hence formulating it into a cream did not affect the antibacterial activity of the extract.

Conclusion. T. cacao pod extract, as well as its fractions, possessed antibacterial activity against three bacterial strains. The T. cacao cream produced was a water-in-oil, non-irritant cream with antibacterial activity, and with acceptable physical attributes.
A Systematic Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC (NIRPROMP Tablet) for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Stone
Authors: Tolosa Essel N. , Rodriguez Jade P. , Malamug Eliotte Lois F.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones.

Methods. Data were collected from online databases, the Philippine National Library, and unpublished clinical trials. We obtained permission from authors of unpublished clinical trials but with existing patent applications. Studies were selected based on the criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones given alone or in combination with a non-pharmacological/pharmacological intervention in comparison to a pharmacological/non-pharmacological intervention for urinary tract stones with participants aged 15 to 65 years in an ambulatory setting.

Results. Our search methods yielded a total of 20 studies. Four studies met our inclusion criteria. Patients who took sambong had a reduction in stone size by radiographic evidence 23.45 times more than those who took the placebo (p=0.001). Also, patients taking sambong were 38.04 times more likely to pass stones compared to those patients taking a placebo (p=0.0004). Patients taking sambong were 7.48 times more likely to have reduction or disappearance of signs and symptoms compared to the placebo group (p=0.008).

Conclusions. Sambong treatment is effective in treating patients with urolithiasis by radiographic evidence of a decrease in size and/or number of stones, the passage of stone/s and/or disappearance or reduction of signs and symptoms with no serious adverse events.
Assessing Quality of Reporting of Herbal Dermatology Trials from the Philippines using the hCONSORT Checklist: a Systematic Review
Authors: Flores-Genuino Rowena Natividad S. , Batac Maria Christina Filomena R. , Talens Kyle Mica D.
Published: December 2020

Background. Herbal medicine is a growing and innovative field in Philippine dermatology. There is a need to assess the quality of reporting of published herbal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in dermatology since these will serve to guide rational development and use of medicinal plants in the Philippines.

Objective. The study aimed to assess the quality of reporting of published herbal RCTs in dermatology from the Philippines based on the hCONSORT checklist.

Methods. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, HERDIN (from inception to 20 September 2018), and other secondary sources for published randomized controlled trials that used any herbal preparation as intervention for the treatment or prevention of a dermatologic disease or for maintenance of healthy skin, hair, or nails. We determined the percentage of reported items based from the hCONSORT checklist.

Results. We included 41 trials, majority of which were on infections, infestations, and bites (66%). The three most common families of herbs used were Fabaceae/Leguminosae (22%) (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. [kakawati]; Senna alata (L.) Roxb. / Cassia alata (L.) [akapulko]); Arecaceae (12%) (Cocos nucifera L. [coconut]); and Myrtaceae (12%) (Eucalyptus sp [eucalyptus], Psidium guajava L.[guava], and Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel [tea tree]). Most of the trials (27/41, 66%) were conducted in accredited dermatology training programs of the Philippine Dermatological Society. Only 11 trials (27%) were published in PubMED-indexed journals. More than half of articles were published after the CONSORT publication in 2006 (59%). The mean percentage of reported hCONSORT checklist items in included studies was 39.6% (SD 9.9), with only seven studies reporting more than 50% of the hCONSORT checklist items.

Conclusion. Published herbal RCTs in dermatology from the Philippines are poorly reported based on the hCONSORT checklist. There is a need for dissemination of the hCONSORT to local researchers and journal editors to ensure thorough and quality reporting.
A Ten-Year Retrospective Study on the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric Intestinal Tuberculosis Admitted in UP-Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Rodenas-Sabico Eleonor G. , Gregorio Germana Emerita V. , Gonzales Ma. Liza Antoinette M.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To describe the clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, radiologic and histological features and outcome of intestinal TB.Methods. Medical records of patients diagnosed with intestinal TB were reviewed. Cases were considered bacteriologically-confirmed if intestinal tissue was positive on smear culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and clinically-diagnosed if with clinical, histologic, and radiologic evidence of extra-pulmonary TB. Results. Fifteen patients [Mean (SD) age: 13 (4) years; 53% females] were included. One was bacteriologicallyconfirmed; and fourteen were clinically-diagnosed. Fever (87%) and abdominal pain (73%) were commonly seen. Seven (47%) had anemia, 5 (33%) leukocytosis and 10 (71%) hypoalbuminemia. Eleven (73%) were positive on smear or TB PCR of various specimens. Nine of 10 (90%) patients with an abdominal CT scan had thickening of bowel loops. Three with intestinal biopsy demonstrated caseation granuloma. Fourteen patients were given quadruple anti-TB medications. Six had surgery, 8 had no disease-related complications, 4 died of sepsis and 3 were lost to follow up.Conclusion. Intestinal TB presents with non-specific clinical and laboratory features. Radiologic findings may provide a clue to the diagnosis. Histologic confirmation in intestinal tissue was only seen in a few cases. The prognosis was favorable for patients who completed the anti-TB treatment.
Anesthetic Management in Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism: Early Single Institution Experience from the Philippines
Authors: Chiong-Perez Mary Ellen , Diesta Cid Czarina E. , Oropilla Jean Quint L.
Published: December 2020

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a rare, adult-onset, progressive, hereditary neurological movement disorder primarily affecting Filipino men with maternal families from Panay province of the Philippines. Medical treatment modalities currently being used have offered temporary symptomatic relief. Surgical management in the form of bilateral globus pallidi internae (Gpi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promising results and is increasingly being performed in advanced centers, as reported in international literature. Presented herein is the local experience of seven (7) retrospectively reviewed cases from February 2018 to February 2019 in a tertiary center in the Philippines with a particular focus on anesthetic management. All patients were male, from Panay, and presented with progressive dystonia and parkinsonism. All patients underwent planned bilateral, simultaneous DBS electrode, and implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement performed by a multidisciplinary team. Anesthetic management consisted of Bispectral Index (BIS) guided conscious sedation with low dose propofol and remifentanil infusions with a complete scalp nerve block (SB) at the start of the procedure then shifted to awake monitored anesthesia care during electrode placement, microelectrode recording (MER) and macro stimulation testing. All were put under general anesthesia with a supraglottic airway device during the placement of the internal pulse generator (IPG) in the infraclavicular area. All seven patients had successful localization, and insertion of the DBS electrode and discharged improved. The anesthetic management of the DBS used in these cases warrants further investigation and may lead to standardization of future practice.
A Randomized Double-blind Study on the Efficacy of 20% VCO Cream versus a Commercial Emollient for Atopic Dermatitis in Children
Authors: Castro Gina C. , Apostol Jovencio G.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To assess the effects of a formulated 20% VCO cream on symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children relative to a commercial emollient with skin barrier protective property indicated for dry, itchy skin. Methods. In a randomized, double-blind, pilot study, pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis according to the modified Hanifin and Rajka criteria were enrolled and assigned to use either formulated VCO cream or commercial emollient. Treatments were applied twice daily for four (4) weeks. Outcome measures were investigator- and patientassessed clinical efficacy based on Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) severity index, and incidences of documented adverse events.Results. Twenty-nine patients were recruited in the study and in an intention-to-treat analysis, mean SCORAD indices were reduced by 41.79% and 29.77% in the VCO cream group and commercial emollient group, respectively. Both study groups showed significant reduction in the mean subjective SCORAD index relating to pruritus and sleep loss. Mean objective SCORAD index, based on intensity items and total surface with eczema, was also significantly improved in the VCO cream group after four weeks of product usage. The study products were generally well-tolerated, with minor adverse events reported for the VCO cream group. Conclusion. Results of the study suggest that application of VCO at 20% in a cream formulation is more effective than the tested commercial emollient in alleviating symptoms of AD in children.
Acceptability of Immunoprophylaxis and/or Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts of Patients with Hansen’s Disease: A Prospective, Single-Center, Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Espiridion-Calma Armi D.V. , Dofitas Belen L. , Sison Maria Elinor Grace Q.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. Leprosy is an infectious disease affecting the skin and nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Closer physical distance was found to increase risk transmission. Thus, targeted provision of prophylactic medications to household contacts of patients with leprosy could possibly aid in decreasing its incidence in a cost-effective manner. This study aimed to determine the attitudes towards disclosure of the diagnosis of leprosy and acceptance of immuno- and chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients undergoing treatment in a dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Methods. We conducted a prospective, single-center, cross-sectional and mixed methods study at a dermatology clinic of a tertiary hospital. All diagnosed leprosy patients, household contacts of leprosy patients, and individuals with no leprosy and no known contact with a leprosy case were invited. Eligible participants who gave consent were included in the cross-sectional survey, followed by in-depth interviews of selected participants. STATA 12 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize information. Chi-square was computed to obtain a measure of association of important variables. The field notes and the verbatim transcriptions of the interviews and narratives were filed using an analytic memo system.

Results. Fifty-five participants (22 Hansen’s disease patients, 13 household contacts, and 20 individuals unaffected by and unexposed to leprosy) were enrolled. Mean age of respondents was 38 years, 60% were female, and 85% were living in an urban setting. Majority of the patients with leprosy were borderline lepromatous (45%) to lepromatous type (27%) with mean treatment duration of 13 months. Overall, the respondents were willing to disclose the diagnosis of leprosy to their household members to facilitate provision of prophylaxis. They were also generally willing to receive prophylaxis despite potential side effects, expense, incomplete protection, and the need for yearly assessment for the development of leprosy. All respondents felt hopeful about the availability of medications that can prevent the development of leprosy and its complications, with some feeling anxious and only a few being embarrassed about receiving them.

Conclusions. Prophylactic medications were found to be generally acceptable despite some concerns. There is also a willingness to disclose the diagnosis of leprosy to facilitate the targeted provision of prophylaxis to household contacts.
Perception of Program Administrators and Student Representatives on the Implementation of Return Service Agreement in Selected Institutions in the Philippines
Authors: Guevarra Jonathan P. , Medina Paolo Victor N. , Avelino Michelle D. , Cengca Ma. Rhenea Anne M. , Ting Mikko Anthony L. , Agbon Azar G. , Bardelosa Danika Joy D. , Sepe Demi Arantxa C. , Lara Aubrey B. , Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the perception of program administrators and students on the implementation of return service agreement (RSA) in the Philippines. It examined the different components of, and opportunities, and challenges in the implementation of RSA of selected institutions.

Methods. Key informant interviews using a topic guide were conducted with ten program administrators and student representatives from selected institutions implementing a return service policy. Interviews were transcribed and responses in Filipino were translated to English. Open coding and focused coding were performed to identify categories and themes from the interview transcripts.

Results. Addressing human resource for health (HRH) needs of the country is a common rationale behind RSA implementation among the institutions sampled for the study. A notable difference in implementation arrangements is the manner of rendering service. Majority of RSA programs require promisors to be employed in any part of the Philippines in need of health workers, while other RSA programs recruit students from rural areas in order to deploy them later on in their hometowns. There is also an apparent lack of institutionalized mechanisms for job placement for students to fulfill their return service obligations. One challenge in most institutions is the need for a formal monitoring and evaluation scheme for the policy.

Conclusion. Integration of the voice of stakeholders is critical in the conceptualization, development, and implementation of RSA policies. This will ensure that issues attendant to operationalization are mitigated if not outrightly avoided.
Verrucous Carcinoma of the Foot Arising on a Muscle Flap and Skin Graft Site in a 74-year-old Filipino Female: A Case Report
Authors: Cubillan Eileen Liesl A. , Sabal Monica Felise J.
Published: December 2020

Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon low-grade well-differentiated malignant neoplasm that commonly arises on acral and mucosal sites. It is often both clinically and histologically misdiagnosed because of its slow growth and low cytologic atypia, respectively. We describe the case of a 74-year-old female with a papillomatous mass arising on a muscle flap and skin graft site on the left foot that had delay in diagnosis for more than 30 years. This case highlights verrucous carcinoma as consideration for both clinical and histologic differential diagnoses in chronic non-healing fungating tumor on the foot. Though non-aggressive in its course, the tumor can cause extensive local destruction of contiguous structures, hence, timely diagnosis and excision is paramount to prevent limb amputation.
“CROSS COUNTRY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF US
GLOBAL RECESSION (2008) ON INDIA AND OTHER
HIGHLY AFFECTED COUNTRIES USING VARIOUS
ECONOMIC INDICATORS.”
Authors: Shaikh Salman
Published: December 2020

Finance is one of the most crucial elements for the growth and development of any economy. India has adopted the
policy of LPG i.e. liberalization, privatization, and globalization, as a result of it the doors of trade and commerce
became broadened and today the veins of Indian economy is strongly connected with the global economy. Banks
and financial institutions are the significant medium to exchange the finance and let the flow of liquidity to be
floated from surplus sector to the deficit one across various countries. Global crisis took place in the year 2007-
2008 in the US economy highly influenced Indian trade as well as majority of the countries at large. In the present
paper the attempt is made to reflect the extent of damage to the major countries due to US economic crisis on their
GDP, Employment Investments, Etc.
Voorwoord
Authors: Redactie De
Published: December 2020

bij het themanummer 'Authenticiteit'
“¿La maternidad como condición sine qua non de la mujer?" Entrevista a la fotógrafa mexicana Judith Romero
Authors: Crespo Zaporta Dayma
Published: December 2020

A partir de la serie fotográfica Otras mujeres. La decisión de no tener hijos (2014-) de la artista mexicana Judith Romero, se busca reflexionar en torno a las aristas que permean la decisión de no ser madre. Se trata de pensar las subjetividades de aquellas mujeres que han tomado el control sobre su cuerpo y han decidido ignorar el reloj biológico de la maternidad, en aras de no seguir los preceptos de sociedades patriarcales. En esta entrevista, la artista permite entrar a su mundo y da un recorrido por su historia de vida, para mostrarnos cómo se ha ido construyendo su profesión y obra artística.
Equidad y escuelas multigrado ¿ruptura o continuidad de la política educativa?
Authors: Priego Vázquez Lenin Bruno , Castro Mariana Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Se presenta un análisis sobre la equidad de las acciones públicas dirigidas a las escuelas multigrado en México para garantizar el derecho a la educación de la niñez rural. Además, se profundiza sobre los cambios y continuidades en la política educativa a partir de las reformas al artículo 3° constitucional y a la Ley General de Educación en 2019. Las evidencias se basan en un análisis de equidad y derechos de los principales componentes de la política de educación básica. Se concluye que ha sido vulnerado el derecho a la educación de las niñas, niños y adolescentes (NAA) que viven en localidades rurales aisladas, debido a que la política de educación multigrado es inequitativa y escasamente pertinente. Además, se distingue una incipiente orientación de recursos públicos a estas escuelas, lo cual no modificará necesariamente las condiciones para el ejercicio del derecho a la educación. Finalmente, se observa la continuidad de la política educativa, es decir, la reproducción de las desigualdades a partir de acciones educativas que no garantizan el acceso, la permanencia y los resultados significativos para todas las NNA rurales.
Estudio de la intención emprendedora de los alumnos de la Universidad Tecnológica El Retoño, México
Authors: Valdivia-Velasco Magali , Martínez-Bautista Humberto , Coronado-Guzmán Graciela , Aguilera-Dávila Aída
Published: December 2020

El propósito de este estudio es medir la intención emprendedora de los alumnos de la Universidad Tecnológica El Retoño que cursaron el cuatrimestre mayo-agosto 2019, para ello se utilizó un instrumento diseñado, validado y aplicado por Saadin y Daskin en 2015, integrado por 25 reactivos estructurados en cuatro categorías: intención emprendedora, deseabilidad percibida, normas sociales y factibilidad percibida. La consistencia de cada una de las secciones del instrumento aplicado fue validada a través del alfa de Cronbach, correlaciones biseriales y la prueba estadística no paramétrica de correlación de Spearman. Utilizando el análisis de componentes principales, se construyó un Índice de Emprendimiento, el cual permitió medir la intención emprendedora y el contraste de las hipótesis. Se concluye que la intención  emprendedora de los estudiantes de licenciatura e ingeniería sobresale de los alumnos de Técnico Superior Universitario y el de las carreras administrativas es el más alto de la institución.
HALDUN TANER’İN “SAHİB-İ SEYF-Ü KALEM” ADLI ÖYKÜSÜNÜN TEMEL DİL BECERİLERİ BAĞLAMINDA B1 DÜZEYİNE İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: HARMANDAR Muharrem , KANATLI Faik
Published: December 2020

Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde metinlerin kullanımı dil-kültür ögelerini daha net ve açık bir biçimde yansıtmak için gereklidir. Metinlerde bulunan kalıp ifadeler ve söz zenginlikleri kültür aktarımına hizmet eder. Bu bağlamda yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde içeriği zengin metinlerin kullanılması öngörülür. Dil-kültür aktarımının daha etkili yapılması için bu metinlerin düzeye uygun sadeleştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Haldun Taner’in “Sahib-i Seyf-ü Kalem” öyküsünü B1 düzeyine göre sadeleştirmek, bu metni kültür-dil bağlamında değerlendirmek ve B1 seviyesindeki öğrenciler için etkinlik önerileri hazırlamaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada Haldun Taner’in belirlenen öyküsü B1 düzeyinin yapısal özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak sadeleştirilmiştir. Sadeleştirilen bu öyküde yer alan kalıp sözler, ikilemeler, deyim ve atasözleri betimlenmiştir. Ardından öykü için B1 düzeyinde kullanılabilecek okuma, dinleme, konuşma ve yazma etkinlikleri tartışmaya sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın metin ve kültür odaklı yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimine katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.