bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A arte em regime da singularidade
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: April 2016

A arte contemporânea, tal como aparece na primeira metade do século xx, com Duchamp e Malevich, e que se impõe a partir da segunda metade desse século como paradigma dominante, segue regras muito diferentes da arte moderna, na medida em que favorece o jogo com as fronteiras que mapeiam, conforme o senso comum, a diferença entre arte e não arte. Contudo, compartilha com a arte moderna um vínculo comum ao regime da singularidade, que continua a governar nossa crítica do que seria uma obra de qualidade e o que deveria ser um verdadeiro artista. No entanto, essa singularidade segue atualmente procedimentos específicos, que muitas vezes parecem extremos aos olhos de todos – e são, muito provavelmente, a grande maioria dos nossos contemporâneos –, cujas expectativas em relação à arte ainda estão rodeadas pelo paradigma moderno.O paradigma da arte contemporânea implica particularmente uma situação paradoxal em diversos aspectos do exercício do poder de consagração. No entanto, a aparente complexidade desse sistema não demonstra uma ausência de regras, mas a imposição de um novo sistema de regras sobreposto ao anterior, segundo uma estruturação, integrando dados diferentes e, em muitos aspectos, opostos àqueles que ordenam o mundo familiar das atividades com fins essencialmente econômicos. Desse modo, os novos modelos de artistas não têm nada a ver com aqueles que estruturam tanto o paradigma clássico quanto o paradigma moderno. Estes são hoje amplamente obsoletos: novas regras do jogo são impostas, mesmo que os não especialistas ainda penem para tomar consciência delas, e, mais ainda, para aceitá-las.
As artes plásticas nas escolas de arte: uma prática definitivamente generificada?
Authors: Joly Frédérique
Published: April 2016

Este capítulo permite-nos indagar sobre a questão de gênero, particularmente sobre o lugar reservado para as meninas nas escolas de arte. A partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada como parte de um doutorado em Sociologia da Arte e conduzida em oito escolas no Norte da França (foram escolhidas para o estudo quatro escolas municipais e quatro escolas de nível superior), apresentaremos alguns dos resultados obtidos, as questões que estes polarizam quanto ao lugar das meninas em escolas de arte, assim como o papel desempenhado pelas mães e outros membros da família.Vamos apresentar, em especial, as discrepâncias entre meninas e meninos matriculados na escola de arte com relação à quantidade e ao nível de escolaridade e, em seguida, vamos nos concentrar sobre as dificuldades de empregabilidade enfrentadas pelas meninas.À luz dos estudos realizados sobre a inserção profissional dos estudantes diplomados por escolas de arte (Galodé; Danner, 2006), verifica-se, com efeito, que as meninas apresentam mais dificuldades em se integrar profissionalmente do que os meninos. Elas levam mais tempo para entrar no mercado de trabalho e têm contratos profissionais menos favoráveis. Paradoxalmente, os números atuais provam que as meninas são, contudo, maioria nas escolas de arte e traçam trajetórias escolares muitas vezes menos caóticas (Segre, 1993).Quais são as razões para que as meninas, em maior quantidade e com melhor desempenho escolar do que os meninos, sejam tão desfavorecidas após o término da formação? Como explicar esta “aporia” entre as dificuldades de empregabilidade que ainda hoje as meninas enfrentam, embora as pesquisas mostrem que elas são mais numerosas e mais bem-sucedidas na escola do que os meninos? (LORNAGE, 2008).Finalmente, por meio deste estudo, nos interrogamos acerca da possibilidade de haver uma diferença de comportamento entre meninas e meninos e sobre supostos efeitos dela decorrentes. Entrevistas com os estudantes inscritos em escolas de arte de nível superior irão esclarecer em parte essas questões, mesmo se não esgotam todas as possibilidades de explicação dos comportamentos.
Condições e modalidades de formação do valor literário em situação colonial e pós-colonial
Authors: Harchi Kaoutar
Published: April 2016

Este capítulo, fruto de uma pesquisa de doutorado, aborda a questão do reconhecimento literário e social no contexto colonial. Através da análise comparativa das modalidades e condições de consagração de três escritores argelinos francófonos – Kateb Yacine (1929-1989), Mohamed Dib (1920-2003) e Assia Djebar (1936-) pelo campo literário francês, torna-se possível compreender de que forma e com qual objetivo um texto ficcional, assim como seu autor, ganham um lugar privilegiado nesse campo. O levantamento e o estudo crítico de artigos na imprensa generalista, resenhas, artigos especializados, prefácios, entrevistas e correspondência privada – documentos produzidos entre 1954 e 2009 – revelam os mecanismos sociais de formação do valor literário, na época colonial e pós-colonial. Esses mecanismos remetem, em grande medida e segundo nosso ponto de vista, àqueles invocados por Jacques Dubois e Pierre Bourdieu. De fato, em primeiro lugar, o aparato institucional ainda ocupa, no processo de consagração dos escritores argelinos francófonos, um determinado espaço e, em segundo lugar, a teoria dos campos permanece, até certo ponto, eficaz para a compreensão das estratégias de legitimação desenvolvidas pelos agentes. No entanto, o contexto econômico, político e ideológico específico em que esse fenômeno de consagração se encaixa nos leva a fazer uma reavaliação da universalidade desses vastos conjuntos teóricos. Este capítulo, portanto, busca reconstruir os vários cenários pelos quais passa a consagração literária de cada um dos escritores de nosso corpus, assim como o efeito dessa passagem em suas respectivas carreiras, mas também intenta estudar a composição dos textos ficcionais. Esta consideração da dimensão estética das obras faz emergir elementos de análise adicionais, tendendo a comprovar que a consagração literária seria o resultado de um longo e lento consenso das instituições na seleção dos textos ficcionais que ampliam o leque das possibilidades de escrita, mantendo, ao mesmo tempo, uma forte correspondência com a norma narrativa em vigor.
Violências e cidadania em uma área rural do sul francês de Santo Domingo
Authors: Rogers Dominique
Published: April 2016

Por meio do registro de queixas da Senescalia de uma modesta paróquia rural de Petit-Goâve, o objetivo deste texto é procurar contribuir para o debate sobre a assimilação dos escravos libertos e pelos livres de cor da parte francesa de Santo Domingo, no final do século XVIII. A pesquisa se interessa pela violência sofrida por libertos e livres de cor, ou infligida por eles, tema negligenciado até então. Estudamos esta temática no âmbito da sociedade do Antigo Regime e dos tratados de injúria do século XVIII, uma vez que revelam o prestígio reconhecido, reivindicado ou negado aos vários elementos que compõem a sociedade colonial. As declarações provenientes tanto dos brancos como dos livres de cor permitem-nos apreciar a diversidade de pontos de vista individuais, levando-se em consideração o fenótipo, o estatuto social e jurídico, e o gênero dos indivíduos, levando-se ainda em conta o contexto específico dessa paróquia do Sul de Santo Domingo, e também os favorecimentos do Senescal, Ferrand de Baudières, antigo oficial da Guerra de Independência dos Estados Unidos.
Elaborar uma cidadania subjetiva
Authors: Cottias Myriam
Published: April 2016

A partir do estudo de um diário do dono de uma plantação da Martinica, este capítulo tem como objetivo mostrar como uma “cidadania subjetiva” foi formada a partir das experiências de enfrentamento de escravos com os senhores e de seu desejo imperativo de intervir sobre regras coercitivas instauradas por eles. Foi a partir dessas experiências que foi elaborado pelos escravos um sentimento coletivo de seus direitos (não jurídicos) e da possibilidade que teriam de intervir nos assuntos em comum aos vários níveis da sociedade escravagista: microlocal, paroquial, comunal e colonial. Trata-se de mostrar que o decreto da abolição da escravatura de 1848, que desperta a adesão e traz em sua esteira uma reivindicação de igualdade, vem endossar uma experiência cuja elaboração foi sobretudo interna e que se inscreve na temporalidade histórica.
Les malheurs de Rufina
Authors: Grinberg Keila
Published: April 2016

Dès les débuts du processus d’indépendance en Amérique hispanique, il était clair que celle-ci signifierait l’abolition de l’esclavage. En 1825, presque tous les pays d’Amérique Hispanique avaient déjà approuvé des lois d’émancipation. La situation fut différente au Brésil, ou l’indépendance ne s’accompagna pas de discours favorables à l’abolition de l’esclavage. De fait, toute proposition relative à l’émancipation des esclaves dans la région était vue comme une menace par les autorités brésiliennes, en particulier celles du Rio Grande do Sul. Ce chapitre traite des cas de rapt et d’esclavage qui eurent lieu dans la zone frontalière entre le Brésil, l’Uruguay et l’Argentine vers les années 1840 et 1850. À travers l’histoire de l’Africaine Rufina et de sa famille, enlevée par des capitão do mato [Hommes chargés au Brésil de surveiller les esclaves et de capturer les fugitifs (ndlt)] en Uruguay en 1854 et emmenée au Brésil pour y être vendue, nous chercherons à montrer que ces cas de rapt, qui ont entraîné de longues négociations et des conflits diplomatiques entre le Brésil, l’Uruguay et l’Angleterre, peuvent être considérés comme des tentatives de mise en place d’un réseau de trafic d’êtres humains après l’abolition de la traite atlantique des esclaves par le Brésil.
Genealogias do contemporâneo
Authors: Osório Luiz Camillo
Published: April 2016

“Genealogias do Contemporâneo: caminhos da arte brasileira” busca discutir os modos pelos quais a arte contemporânea brasileira, mesmo que sem fazê-lo intencionalmente, revela elementos inerentes a nossa singularidade cultural e modernidade periférica. Se há uma hipótese por trás desta discussão das genealogias é a de que a modernidade, ao se renovar nos países periféricos, em especial no caso brasileiro, está se reescrevendo, tornando-se mais complexa e inclusiva, menos teleológica e unidimensional. As traduções culturais reinventam modelos originais: ao mesmo tempo em que se pleiteava a universalidade modernista, se afirmava a singularidade de uma formação moderna heterogênea.A crise pós-moderna é mais um capítulo deste processo em que ela (a modernidade) redefine seus limites e suas reverberações políticas. No caso brasileiro, em que esta crise atualiza um receituário que já estava inscrito na sua formação desenraizada e multiétnica, as possibilidades de repotencialização da aventura moderna, na constante invenção de si junto ao outro, são menos recalcadas historicamente. Para além do fim da história, da arte e dos museus, o que vemos é uma reavaliação do que se compreende como sendo história, arte e museu. A história se des-totaliza, a arte se diversifica e os museus se democratizam – para o bem ou para o mal. “Na realidade, o mundo está repleto de modernidades e de artistas que jamais consideraram o modernismo como uma propriedade ocidental, mas como uma linguagem aberta e apta a ser transformada. A história pode assim ser reescrita como um conjunto de traduções culturais em vez de um movimento universal situado no interior de uma cultura, de uma história, de um espaço, com uma cronologia única e tendo relações políticas e culturais dadas” (Hall, 2001).
Autenticidade, agenciamento e reconhecimento internacional
Authors: Marques Kadma , Oliveira Gerciane
Published: April 2016

Este capítulo aborda os processos que levaram à conformação da trajetória profissional de Chico da Silva, artista naïf que, nascido no Acre, instalou-se na capital cearense, em meados dos anos 30. « Descoberto » pelo crítico suíço Jean Pierre Chabloz na Fortaleza da década de 1940, rabiscando animais imaginários e navios fantasmagóricos nos muros das casas dos pescadores da Praia Formosa, Silva teve suas telas levadas aos circuitos internacionais, despertando forte interesse da crítica e do mundo acadêmico. Dentre os desdobramentos desse reconhecimento acha-se a constituição da chamada Escola do Pirambu – núcleo formado por crianças que, morando no bairro Pirambu, pintavam juntamente com o naïf no seu ateliê/residência. A dinâmica coletiva de produção artística desencadeada pela Escola evidencia a tensão que se estabelece entre dois modelos irreconciliáveis de imperativos que instituíram o campo artístico moderno: a ideia da autoria singular, fundada na representação do artista genial como agente capaz de estabilizar o significado autêntico de uma obra; e aquela que dilui a figura dominante do autor, como um dentre os elementos que integram a rede de interdependências e trocas que sustentam o trabalho artístico (de modo explícito no trabalho colaborativo que articula muitos agentes de diferentes setores; ou de modo implícito, por meio de uma atividade aparentemente solitária e autônoma). Tal polarização discursiva refrata-se na instituição de duas disposições no âmbito da crítica da arte com relação à questão da identidade autoral de Chico da Silva: uma defende a condição do autor singular que imprime em sua obra um universo particular e subjetivo; outra, que descentra o ato de criação artística, configurando-o como domínio coletivo atravessado por elementos de procedência social. É frente a esta oposição que a produção de quadros “Chicos da Silva” feita pela denominada Escola do Pirambu, catalisa empiricamente este debate, materializando plasticamente, no temário de figuras fantásticas pintadas de modo não naturalístico, a decomposição da noção da autoria singular, por meio do trabalho colaborativo que se configurou entre Silva e seus “discípulos”.
O guerreiro do Theatro Municipal
Authors: Siciliano Tatiana
Published: April 2016

Arthur Azevedo (1855-1908) – teatrólogo, jornalista, contista, cronista e funcionário público – embora seja, contemporaneamente, pouco lembrado, desempenhou um papel relevante no campo artístico-intelectual do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Foi membro-fundador da Academia Brasileira de Letras (1897) e principal articulador da construção do Theatro Municipal. Através da imprensa e do teatro, empreendeu contínua campanha para o desenvolvimento do teatro nacional, sobretudo em seu folhetim semanal “O Theatro”, publicado em A Notícia. Lutava para a construção de um espaço destinado ao florescimento da dramaturgia brasileira, que fosse patrocinado pelo Estado, a exemplo do que ocorria com a Comédie-Française. Isto é, acreditava que o incremento qualitativo da produção teatral, bem como a frequência de um público mais amplo, que abrigasse diversas camadas sociais, em eças mais literárias, só seria possível com investimento público. Esse era o seu plano para o Theatro Municipal que, apesar de aprovado por lei desde 1895, só iniciou sua construção em 1905, sendo inaugurado em 1909 com outra concepção: um suntuoso edifício, inspirado no Teatro Ópera de Paris, destinado a espetáculos grandiosos, principalmente de companhias estrangeiras e com preços elevados, que só permitiam a frequência da elite. Em seu debut, o referido teatro já não lembrava, em nada, o projeto inicial do dramaturgo. Apenas na década de 1930, passa a ser patrocinado pelo governo, contratando um corpo artístico próprio: um coro, uma orquestra sinfônica e uma companhia de ballet. Mas, a arte dramática continuaria excluída. O objetivo do capítulo é discutir a luta de Arthur Azevedo para o estabelecimento de um teatro nacional, sublinhando sua importância como mediador cultural. Apesar da concepção de teatro do dramaturgo ser consonante com o ideal civilizador de sua época, ela não vigorou no caso do Theatro Muncipal. Meu argumento é que Arthur Azevedo reivindicava que o teatro brasileiro fosse objeto de uma política cultural, muito antes do conceito de política pública cultural se firmar em solo nacional, o que só aconteceu, institucionalmente, a partir de 1930.
Data Warehouses and Business Intelligence in Croatia
Authors: Rabuzin Kornelije , Škvorc Darko
Published: April 2016

Authors of this paper were directly involved in several data warehousing and business intelligence projects that were carried out in companies in Croatia. Based on the experience from those projects, this paper presents how those solutions were implemented — and more importantly, how they were used by managers at different levels of management. Three different companies are described, including three different implemented solutions. One company was small, one was mid-sized and one was large. All had differences in ownership and education level of managers. Implementation (technical) details are omitted, but this paper shows that managers do not always see what business intelligence can do. Furthermore, it is shown that such projects do not always have to be expensive.
Decision Support Systems Application Development Trends (2002 – 2012)
Authors: Kim Eyong B. , Eom Sean B.
Published: April 2016

This survey provides newly reported approaches to the design and development of DSSs published in peer reviewed journals. DSS applications were searched using the online database ABI/INFORM complete, which is available on the web through ProQuest. The collected 80 specific DSS applications, where were published in 41 journals, are analyzed to examine the development pattern of DSS in the time period of 2002-2012. This paper summarizes the survey results according to (1) the area of application, (2) the year of publication in each area of application, (3) the distribution of underlying decision support tools in DSSs, (4) a classification based on Alter's taxonomy, and (5) the management level (operational, tactical, or strategic) for which the DSS was designed.
Cluster Analysis Using N-gram Statistics for Daihinmin Programs and Performance Evaluations
Authors: Okubo Seiya , Ayabe Takaaki , Nishino Tetsuro
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the authors elucidate the characteristics of the computer game Daihinmin, a popular Japanese card game that uses imperfect information. They first propose a method to extract feature values using n-gram statistics and a cluster analysis method that employs feature values. By representing the program card hands as several symbols, and the order of hands as simplified symbol strings, they obtain data that is suitable for feature extraction. The authors then evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method through computer experiments. In these experiments, they apply their method to ten programs that were used in the UEC Computer Daihinmin Convention. In addition, the authors evaluate the robustness of the proposed method and apply it to recent programs. Finally, they show that their proposed method can successfully cluster Daihinmin programs with high probability.
A Decision Making Method Based on Society of Mind Theory in Multi-Player Imperfect Information Games
Authors: Wakatsuki Mitsuo , Fujimura Mari , Nishino Tetsuro
Published: April 2016

The authors are concerned with a card game called Daihinmin (Extreme Needy), which is a multi-player imperfect information game. Using Marvin Minsky's “Society of Mind” theory, they attempt to model the workings of the minds of game players. The UEC Computer Daihinmin Competitions (UECda) have been held at the University of Electro-Communications since 2006, to bring together competitive client programs that correspond to players of Daihinmin, and contest their strengths. In this paper, the authors extract the behavior of client programs from actual competition records of the computer Daihinmin, and propose a method of building a system that determines the parameters of Daihinmin agencies by machine learning.
Gallium as a Metrology Substance for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Metals
Authors: Wolańczyk Franciszek
Published: April 2016

In the presented work the effective thermal conductivity of steel was received from the simple experiment in which the change of phase metrology-matter was applied [1]. As the metrology-matter gallium was used.The change of phase process plays role of the heat source. During the change of phase period the temperature is constant. A quasi-stationary temperature fields allows to use the stationary model of heat transfer calculations. The model is a cylindrical rod of finite length losing heat out one face to melting-substance and by radiation from surface, respectively. All process measurement was carried out in vacuum. Measurement of thermal conductivity quasi-stationery method is practiced at the Department of Thermodynamics at Rzeszow University of Technology. This method has application in measurement of thermal conductivity of good conductors.
Possibilities of the Use of the Electrolytic Technique for the Investigations of Mass/Heat Transfer in Nanofluid
Authors: Grosicki Sebastian
Published: April 2016

In the paper the author presents the possibilities of the application of the electrolytic technique for the investigation of heat transfer coefficients in channels with nanofluids. The electrolytic technique called the limiting current method enables to obtain mass transfer coefficients on the basis of the electrochemical processes and the laws governing these physical phenomena. The exemplary graph presenting the limiting currents values resulting from the experiment is shown in Fig. 1. These are the voltammograms at different Reynolds numbers and the ion concentration Cb. Heat transfer coefficients can be calculated using the correlations describing the analogy of mass and heat transfer processes.
Some cases of the possible application of the electrolytic technique and factors influencing the mass transfer experiment including the state of the electroactive surface, change in ion concentration and thickness of the diffusion layer are discussed in [1]. In this work the author focused on the mass transfer experiment with the application of the nanofluid. Special properties of the nanofluid should be taken into account in the investigations. The paper presents the preliminary results of the experiment with nanofluid in the annular channel.
The Possibility of Co-Combustion of Gaseous Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Kneba Zbigniew
Published: April 2016

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of co-combustion of two fuels in truck diesel engines. The goal of usage two different fuels is to lower coast of exploitation heavy duty trucks and buses. The two systems were introduced In first the ignition in cylinder is initiated by diesel oil small dose then main dose of methane is burned. In the alternative system the share of diesel oil is much greater and the mixture of propane butane is only additional fuel. Measurement results of first inwestigations has been presented. The important remarks about setting pilot injection dose and injection time angle were munched.
Stirling Engines Powered by Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Kropiwnicki Jacek , Szewczyk Aleksandra
Published: April 2016

Stirling engine is a device that produces mechanical energy using heat from any source of energy, without the need of combustion of any fuel inside the device. Renewable energy sources, which are mostly low-temperature energy sources, can be used to produce mechanical and electrical energy in Stirling engines. The paper presents an overview of the existing prototype Stirling engines designed for using of low-temperature energy sources, including renewable energy sources. Commercial devices for electric power generation offered for use in home, usually do not exceed 1 kW. Using the Schmidt model, the analyze of influence of temperature working fluid in the expansion space (heater) on the efficiency and the electric power generated in the Stirling engine of alpha type has been presented in the paper.
Numerical Method Approach to Calculate Earth-Energy of Earth-Pipe-Air Heat-Exchanger for Winter Heating
Authors: Molcrette Vincent F.A. , Autier Vincent R.B. , Zalewski Laurent , Lassue Stéphane
Published: April 2016

A numerical method is proposed to calculate earth-energy of earth-air-pipe heat exchanger during winter heating. The proposed method is based on using numerical computation developed on Scilab a free open source software. Authors showed the comparison between their simple numerical model called Heatground with the well-known Amitrano results. The comparison is given for different parameters as the airflow, the pipe length, the depth of buried pipe, the pipe diameter.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation over the Wood Permeability to Air as a Function of Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Ronewicz Karol , Kardaś Dariusz
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with the wood permeability to gases and its changes with the temperature as it is important phenomena to be taken into account in order to determine the rate of release of the pyrolytic gases from a wood particle in the pyrolysis process. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are presented. The measurements were conducted on an original test stand designed and built solely for this purpose. The results show an interesting dependence of the permeability on the pyrolysis temperature of the wood. The permeability generally increases with the temperature (up to over ten times of initial value) but for the range of temperatures from 50°C to 150°C it reaches values lower than for room temperature.
AQUASONIC – A Sounding Rocket Based on Hybrid Propulsion
Authors: Apel Uwe , Baumann Alexander , Dierken Christian , Kunath Thilo
Published: April 2016

The AQUASONIC project is aimed to develop a sounding rocket including a hybrid propulsion system based on the propellant combination nitrous oxide and polyethylene. It takes place in the frame of the STERN (Student Experimental Rockets) programme founded by the German Space Agency (DLR) in order to promote students in the area of launch vehicles. Main element of the project is the AQUASONIC rocket, which shall reach a flight altitude of 5-6 km and a velocity of MACH 1. All major activities like design, manufacturing, verification and, finally, the launch campaign will be performed by students. The rocket shall be launched at Esrange Space Centre (Sweden) in 2016. Thus, students are able to apply their skills and knowledge to a real project like it is conducted by the space industry or research organisations.
Technology Development and Conceptual Design of a Test Stand for the Optimization of a Gasification Process
Authors: Wurzler Tom , Borchert Uwe , Wittmann Lothar , Szymczyk Janusz A.
Published: April 2016

In Germany around 8000 biogas plants have been installed previously. Around 180 of these plants feed the processed biogas into the grid. In the most of the plants the biogas is used in power generation (CHP). As a result, this large number of biogas plants produces a huge amount of fermentation residues along with the power generation. The 8000 biogas plants generate around 8.5 million metric tons of fermentation residues a year. Currently, the residues are primarily applied as organic fertilizer on soil nearby the biogas plants. In a special torrefaction process the fermentation residues are transformed to biochar in form of so-called Enertabs. The article introduces a gasification unit for Enertabs, which generates a low calorific gas. In addition the article gives a description of a conceptual test stand, in which the gasification unit is to be used with steam as a gasification medium and in which the unit generates the product gas under high pressure.
Selected Problems of Small Biogas Fueled CHP Unit Design
Authors: Ziolkowski Maciej
Published: April 2016

The article presents selected problems related to the design and operation of small chp units used in individual biogas plants. There are presented and commented available design solutions that can match operational and cost-effective requests in relation to the engine, generator type selection, to design solutions of ignition system, fuelling system, waste heat utilization system and control unit. Presented solutions are discussed in terms of the unit reliability, power and heat generation efficiency and overall unit price. In conclusion, there are proposed some optimal design solutions for typical applications of small biogas fuelled chp units
Development and Testing of Air Foil Bearing System for an Automotive Exhaust Gas Turbocharger
Authors: Borchert Uwe , Delgado Antonio , Szymczyk Janusz A.
Published: April 2016

Lubricated bearings are usually used to support and guide the shafts in gas turbines, exhaust gas turbochargers and other turbomachines. The lubricant is also used for cooling the hot parts such as the turbine side of the rotor. The high temperature condition effects a contamination of the compressed air by evaporating the lubricant. In special applications an oil-free operation has to be guaranteed. In other applications an oil lubricated bearing system prevents an immediate engine stop. The use of air foil bearings eliminates the disadvantages of the oil lubricated bearings. An air foil bearing works self-adjusting the necessary gap which depends on relative speed of the rotor and the stator surfaces and on the viscosity of the lubricating fluid. A low rotor speed requires a small bearing gap, whereas the gap must be enlarged for high speed at constant viscosity of the lubricant. An air foil bearing works contact-free in a wide speed range even at small rotation speed depending on design. On an experimental basis an air foil bearing system was developed and tested for a standard automotive exhaust gas turbocharger. The developed bearings need no infrastructure for supplying with lubricant and its cooling and filtering. The air foil bearings was calculated and designed based on the estimated bearing loads. For the manufacturing of the radial wave springs a procedure was developed. A test facility was set up for the experiments. The modified rotor works at the standard rotation speed of 80000 rpm. The bearings support and guide the shaft contact-free (without wear) in a range of a few thousands of revolutions per minute up to the standard rotation speed.
Waste Building Materials to Roads in Czech Republic
Authors: Stehlík Dušan , Hyzl Petr , Varaus Michal
Published: April 2016

Using waste building materials in pavements is one of the goals of transportation sustainable development in the Czech Republic. As part of research projects of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, a project was devised, which focused on maximal utilization of waste building materials when constructing pavements. After the initial verification of properties of the recycled aggregate (especially concrete waste building material), the research focus shifted towards the utilization of these waste building materials in cement bound granular mixtures.
Use of Biomass and Waste for Energy Purposes
Authors: Tonhauzer Peter , Morvova Marcela
Published: April 2016

This article focuses on the use of alternative renewable energy sources (waste and biomass) as a full replacement for traditional non-renewable resources. We focus on ways to increase the heating value of the raw materials by drying and pyrolysis, and the possibilities of influencing low heating value of fuels by using pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis generates heat and products, which may be used directly as fuel or after modification as additives for fuels. Pyrolysis is a suitable process for recovery of municipal, biological or contaminated waste. It contributes to a sustainable way of energy production and waste management. Moreover, the production in local conditions from local resources, increases land use, employment in the regions and energy self-sufficiency in the state. With combined production of fuels (pellets, briquettes) from biomass, wastes and pyrolysis products we expect to increase the heating value of well over 20 MJ.kg-1.
Diagnostic Measurement of Boiler Efficiency during the Combustion of Biofuels
Authors: Výtisk Tomáš , Janalík Radim
Published: April 2016

It is still necessary to be interested in the efficient production of heat and electricity nowadays. The prevailing method of production of electricity in the Czech Republic has been the conversion of heat energy released during the combustion of fuels.This fact is also associated with a large field of diagnostic measurements focused on monitoring the efficiency of this conversion and the subsequently emerging pollutants. This specific area of diagnostic measurements has its characteristic features, which are descripe in this article.
Residual Toluene Concentrations in Exhaust Gas Waste Stream of Motor Vehicle
Authors: Adamovic Dragan , Vojinovic-Miloradov Mirjana , Miloradov Milorad , Doric Jovan , Adamovic Savka , Radonic Jelena , Turk-Sekulic Maja
Published: April 2016

Vehicles are the dominant source of many air pollutant emissions in urban areas. The effects caused by vehicle emissions have been receiving increasing attention, and recent epidemiological studies show elevated risks of cardiovascular morbidity, cancer, allergic diseases for drivers, commuters and individuals living near roadways. During the experimental research conducted in this paper, emission characteristics of Otto 1.1 EFI engine were investigated in varying operating modes in order to adequately simulate the movement of the Fiat Punto Classic (FPC) passenger car in city driving conditions in line with the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The NEDC is a stylized cycle, with periods of constant acceleration, deceleration and constant speed, and it is supposed to represent the typical usage of a passenger car in Europe. The analysis of exhaust gas samples was conducted by using the gas chromatography technique in combination with the photoionization detector (GC/PID). The results of emission tests indicate high concentration levels of toluene in the exhaust gas mixtures, ranging from 7.07 to 116.87 ppm. The total mass of the emitted toluene after 100 km of driving in accordance with the NEDC was 7.7647 g.
Environmentally Progressive Road Traffic Noise Reducing Devices and Materials
Authors: Decky Martin , Kováč Matúš , Remišová Eva
Published: April 2016

This paper analyses issues of progressive road traffic noise reducing devices design and evaluating the quality of asphalt road surfaces from the perspective of the Permanent Sustainable Development, which is one of the horizontal priorities of the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period from 2007 to 2013. The horizontal priority (HP) Permanent Sustainable Development (PSD) of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) has been complementary affecting the objectives of the NSRF. The purpose of the HP is to ensure targeted achievement on several priorities of the NSRF, which cannot be provided by a single Operational Program (OP), but requires a coordinated approach combining several specific priorities / priority axes / actions, or more precisely the projects of particular OPs. Within the specific objective of enhancing the quality of the environment has been directly defined sub-goal - to reduce noise pollution of environment. The scientific paper is concerned with measurements of the noise production and sound propagation on four different roads, where the source of the noise was the same vehicle driving at five different speeds.
Research into a New Method for Trimming Hooves by Liquid Jet
Authors: Čačko Viliam , Ondruška Juraj , Onderová Iveta , Šooš Ľubomír , Krajný Zdenko
Published: April 2016

The contribution deals with the trimming of beef cattle hooves by means of a new method, specifically with a liquid water jet. Present methods of trimming hooves are outdated; almost nowhere are new modern technologies used for this purpose. The use of more contemporary methods would enable a reduction in the high labour demands to accomplish this task. But the main advantage of this new method is increasing so-called animal WELFARE. Present-day methods which are performed mechanically are always stressful, and many times also painful, for the animal. In the article we will specifically focus on the possibility of trimming the hooves of beef cattle by means of a water jet. The original research was focused on the size of the basic parameters such as pressure, flow, nozzle diameter and cutting time. The results of this initial research serve as a step towards further research, whose goal will be the design and testing of complex equipment for trimming beef cattle hooves by cutting with a liquid water jet.
Production Stainless Gravitational Heat Pipes Filled with Distilled Water
Authors: Jobb Marián , Kosa Ľuboš , Holubčík Michal , Nosek Radovan
Published: April 2016

This article deals with the performance of heat pipes, depending on the operating temperature and positions (operation angle). There is described the essential function of the heat pipe manufacturing process. Measurements were carried at an operating temperature of 40 °C to 90 °C. Stainless heat pipes were made of three kinds of materials AISI 304, AISI 310, AISI 316 and filled with a distilled water, up to 20% of the heat pipe inner volume. For each material was selected heat pipe with the best results. The heat pipes were measured at various angles of vertical inclination (0 ° - 90 °), at the working temperature 90 ° C. The performance was measured on the experimental device. Presented results show the progress of individual measurements and the effect of operating parameters on the performance of heat pipes.
Influence of Underpressure on Heat Transfer and Temperature Field at Sprinkled Tube Bundle
Authors: Kracík Petr , Pospíšil Jiří
Published: April 2016

Sprinkled tube bundles with a thin liquid film flowing over them are used in various technology processes where it is necessary to separate the vapour and liquid phases quickly and efficiently at low temperatures with a corresponding decrease of pressure around the tube bundle. In ideal conditions water boils at the whole surface of an exchanger, but in practice it must be considered that in original spots of contact between water and the exchanger wall the water will not boil at the tubes' surface but the cooling liquid will merely be heated-up. The article focuses on these processes. Experiments have been carried out at a tube bundle consisting of copper tubes of 12 mm diameter placed horizontally one above another that have been heated by water of an average input temperature approx. 40 °C. This bundle has been sprinkled by cool water at temperature of 15 °C and pressure has been gradually decreased using an exhauster at constant flow rates of heating and falling film liquid inside an experimental device's chamber. Was tested flow of sprinkled liquid in the range of 4-9 liters per minute, which corresponds to the range of Reynolds numbers of about 300 to 600 [-]. The result of these experiments is a studied heat transfer coefficient at the surface of a sprinkled tube bundle during heating of the cooling liquid with a transition into boiling of the liquid at the bundle. At a flow of 8 liters per minute were acquired sequence thermal camera FLIR SC 660. After evaluation of the sequences were generated maps of the temperature field according to decreasing the pressure and its standard deviation. From the contour graphs can evaluate the thermal stability of the liquid film on the spray tube bundle.
Change of Operation Parameters of Waste Incinerator by Formation of Deposits
Authors: Moskalík Jiří
Published: April 2016

This article is focused on formation of unwanted deposits in the municipal waste incinerator and their influence on incinerator operation. The solid deposits build up on heat transfer surfaces in flue gas channel of waste incinerator. The power stations fired solid fuels sometimes can have problems with growing of deposits. On this point of view, the municipal waste incinerators are a special category, because the municipal waste contains a lot of different types of compounds. Formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces has in generally bad influence on operating parameters of waste incinerator. Deposits decrease the heat transfer from the flue gas into the working fluid and thereby it reduces the efficiency of incineration facility. The effect of decreasing of heat transfer ability was investigated on large-scale waste incinerator in Brno, where were monitored changes of operating parameters before and after the planned shutdown of the device. Deposits can too affect the shape of flue gas channel and thereby reduce his size. It can have more negative impact on waste incinerator operation.
Pressing Technologies for ELVs
Authors: Štefanka Marek , Šooš Ľubomír , Čačko Viliam , Ondruška Juraj
Published: April 2016

This article explains the physical features of various methods of compaction, primarily for end of life vehicle (ELV) bodies coming from ELV processors. By EU directive 2000/53/EC it is mandatory for all EU members to meet the reuse of 95 % of the old vehicle weight. It means that the vehicles have to be decomposed completely – metal shells freed from all the components like interior trim, rubber sealing, glass, all the liquids, seats tanks and other hard metal components like drive-train, engine etc. It follows that pressing machines used for compressing whole vehicles today, are overpowered, with high energy demand, robust structures and heavy weight. Hence it makes sense to concentrate on comparison of pressing methods and choosing the most energy efficient one and the designing a new device, if necessary. This device is aimed for operation in Slovak Republic but also usable in other countries with same or similar requirements such as optimized system for processing of car bodies, mobile concept and modularity of the whole mobile modular disintegration complex consisting of a pressing machine, shears and shredder.
Car body structure
Influence of Refused Glass on Thermal Properties of Municipal Waste
Authors: Žurková Kateřina , Kryštofová Karla , Raclavská Helena , Škrobánková Hana
Published: April 2016

It is important to reduce the amount of municipal waste deposited in landfills, Czech Republic, therefore, puts more emphasis on the recovery of mixed municipal waste, which oblige and EU regulations. Production of solid alternative fuel that is suitable also due to less consumption of fossil fuels, is one of the uses of mixed municipal waste (Waste to Energy). A relatively high proportion of glass in mixed municipal waste is a major problem in the production of solid alternative fuel. The glass contained in the solid alternative fuel can be the cause of formation incrusts on heat transfer surfaces in combustion plants. For all examined types of glass, it was found that the melting temperature of the muffle furnace was 750 ° C. When using the method (ISO 540) for determining the temperature of softening , melting and flow showed no effect of the amount of glass in the ash, but the melting point was significantly higher (around 1,200 °C).
The Properties of Material from Recovered TetraPak Beverage Cartons
Authors: Raclavská Helena , Škrobánková Hana , Pavlík Petr , Sassmanová Veronika
Published: April 2016

Energy utilization (pyrolysis) of residue from fibre recycling of used beverage cartons is very important. Identification the optimal technology for separation of aluminium from pyrolytic carbon and assessment of its quality in relationship to the pyrolysis conditions is necessary for recycling of Al. The particles of pyrolytic carbon are not pure carbon, they contain only from 65 to 83 % of carbon, the rest in ash coming from sorting and collection of waste (glass, porcelain). Process of pyrolysis and/or utilization of charge reactor influenced the chemical composition of Al particles by carbon enrichment at the rim of particles up to 30 % leading to decrease of reactivity of Al surface.
The Energy Potential of Municipal Waste in the Žilina Region
Authors: Holubčík Michal , Čaja Alexander , Jandačka Jozef , Jobb Marián
Published: April 2016

Waste production is greater every year with society evolution. The same problem is also in Slovak republic, but Slovakia is significantly behind other developed countries in municipal waste management especially in area of energy utilization and recovery of the municipal waste. This problem will be totally reflected after the ban of the waste dumping in landfills. This work solves the problem of waste management in the Žilina region of Slovakia. Žilina region produces approximately 185000 tons of municipal waste. At present there is the majority of the waste dumped in the landfills. Large part of this waste could be energy utilized. Except municipal waste can be also used other types of the waste for the energy utilization. The paper evaluates energy potential of municipal waste in Žilina region. During the work it was determined the ratio composition of the waste in the Žilina region. There were measured gross calorific value, low calorific value and humidity on the waste samples. Based on these results it was determined energy potential of the municipal waste in the Žilina region. This energy potential could provide part of the heat and electricity for the Žilina region after using appropriate methods of thermal disposal.
The Effectiveness Criterion for Densification of Wood Waste
Authors: Matúš Miloš , Križan Peter , Beniak Juraj
Published: April 2016

Densification process of biomass to the form of high-grade solid biofuel (briquette or pellet) is influenced by amount of technological factors. Size fraction and moisture content of raw material have the most importance. The densification process may be describing by complicated mathematical models based on behaviour of pressed particular matter. Therefore it is complicated to energy optimize the process. This paper deals with a methodology for determining the compressibility for pine sawdust on the basis of experiments. It also specifies the effectiveness criterion for biomass densification in order to optimize the densification process in terms of energy input. The experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage was an experimental investigation of the influence of size fraction and moisture content on the final compressibility of pine sawdust. High-pressure binderless densification of pine processing residues in the form of sawdust was studied. A piston-and-die process was used to produce densified briquettes under 20 °C temperature and at pressure up to 159 MPa. The results show the behaviour of the pressure load when the parameters of the particulate matter are changed. In the second stage, the experiments were evaluated and optimized to achieve minimum energy input of the process and a maximum degree of densification. For this purpose the Effectiveness Criterion for Densification was designed
Soft Error Mitigation on Dual Rail Latch
Authors: Julai Norhuzaimin
Published: April 2016

A single event upset (SEU) or soft error is defined as a temporary error on digital electronics due to the effect of radiation. Such an error can cause system failure, e.g. a deadlock in an asynchronous system or production of incorrect outputs due to data corruption. With increasing system complexities and integration scale, transistors have become more vulnerable to soft error, necessitating analysis of soft error in circuits, which is the focus of this thesis. Vulnerability of circuits to soft errors is further aggravated by several factors, such as variations in the process and temperatures. Process variations are inaccuracies in the manufacturing process which may lead to deterioration of circuit performance and increase in power consumption. Temperature variation degrades the threshold voltage, carrier mobility and velocity saturation of transistor. As a result of degrading carrier mobility, the drain current becomes lower thus increasing the sensitivity of the node to SEU.
A Study on Scalability and Variation of CMOS Low Noise Amplifier in Advance CMOS Technology Processes
Authors: Awang Salleh Dayang Nur Salmi Dharmiza , Sapawi Rohana
Published: April 2016

Recent technology requires multistandard Radio Frequency (RF) chips for multipurpose wireless applications. In RF circuits, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) plays the key role in determining the receiver’s performance. With CMOS technology scaling, various designs has been adopted to study circuit’s characteristic and variation. In this paper, we present the results of scalable wideband LNA design based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), with its variance study. The design was fabricated in 180nm, 90nm, 65nm and 40nm CMOS technology.