bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O campo de pesquisas do empreendedorismo
Authors: Garcia André Spuri , Andrade Daniela Meirelles
Published: June 2022

A partir da década de 1990 os estudos sobre empreendedorismo aumentaram de forma significativa. Atualmente, o campo conta com muitas publicações científicas, periódicos, eventos especializados e está presente em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. Ao longo do tempo surgiram diferentes abordagens, definições, conceitos, teorias e ramificações. Portanto, torna-se oportuno realizar uma revisão para analisar e compreender a evolução do campo em diferentes períodos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a evolução do empreendedorismo enquanto campo de pesquisa por meio de temas que marcaram diferentes períodos. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliométrica de literatura com foco na análise de cluster. Foi possível observar que nas últimas décadas o campo ganhou amplitude, com a inserção de novos conceitos e temas de pesquisa. Além disso, a manutenção de alguns temas indica que estes continuam importantes e buscam densidade teórica/metodológica
Radicle Thought, Vegetal Language and the Metaphorics of Pedogenesis
Authors: Potter Thea
Published: June 2022

This article argues that not only do we think like plants, we think with and through them.
The role of VISTA in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Rabadi Dina , Sajani Alia A. , Noelle Randolph J. , Lines J. Louise
Published: June 2022

V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is a negative immune checkpoint that is expressed on multiple immune cell subsets and has been characterized in T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. As the only immune checkpoint expressed on naïve T cells, VISTA contributes to the maintenance of T cell quiescence and tolerance. VISTA also regulates multiple myeloid cell activities such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and migration. In the context of cancer, antagonistic monoclonal antibody targeting of VISTA has been shown to aid anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, combination therapies that include other immune checkpoints such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 with VISTA blockade may enhance therapeutic efficacy in a variety of cancers. Combination therapy may help overcome adaptive resistance to individual checkpoint therapies, thereby improving patient outcomes and survival. Here, we summarize the role of VISTA in myeloid cells and T cells within the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the proposed counter-receptors for VISTA, VISTA antibodies currently in development, and the potential for combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4.
Tunda Pilkada: Apakah Advokasi Digital Berhasil Memengaruhi Proses Pembuatan Kebijakan?
Authors: Aulia Firda , Kusumasari Bevaola
Published: June 2022

Digital advocacy is a growing and interesting area of research. This study aims to analyze the actors, processes, and effectiveness of digital advocacy regarding the postponement of the local elections in Indonesia in 2020 carried out by collective action using Twitter hashtags. Data in this study is the tweet related to the hashtag “Tunda Pilkada” from March 15 to December 8, 2020. The author argues that despite social media facilitating advocacy, not all digital advocacies provide effectiveness in influencing public policy. This study uses mixed research methods by combining a social network analysis approach to identify the actors. Hence, this study uses a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze social media-based advocacy models and identify failures in digital advocacy. The research findings found that individuals, not advocacy groups drove collective action. Furthermore, research also proves that hashtags are effective in reaching, building connections in public, and mobilizing. Finally, this study found that the failure of digital advocacy was caused by various factors that came from internal and external collective action. Our research contributes to the development of studies on digital advocacy.
Konvergensi dan Manajemen SDM Media Lokal
Authors: Sari Fatimah
Published: June 2022

Technological developments also affect the media industry, namely journalistic and editorial management practices, to affect human resource management. The impact of media convergence on human resources is the increasing workload of journalists and the increasing qualification of HR recruitment in the form of understanding technological advances. This research aims to find out the policy of media convergence in bringing changes to the human resource management process of Lahat Pos Group, one of the local media organizations in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach methods. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and in-person observation. Based on the study results, Lahat Pos Group uses the newsroom 3.0 model; the newsgathering and news writing process are convergent, namely, in Lahat Pos Group, one management and one newsroom. In Lahat Pos Group analysis and classification are not used due to the absence of significant differences. The recruitment stage of Lahat Pos Group continues to use the means of tests, selection, interviews, training, and internships until journalists get an assessment to be a benchmark for compensation to be received.
Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu
Authors: Maybee Deanna V. , Ink Nicole L. , Ali Mohammad A.M.
Published: June 2022

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Recently, more research has been conducted on investigating novel subcellular localizations of MMPs and their intracellular roles at the respective locations. In this review article, we focus on the subcellular localization and novel intracellular roles of two MMPs closely related: membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Although MT1-MMP is commonly known to localize on the cell surface, the protease also localizes to the cytoplasm, caveolae, Golgi, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and nucleus. At these subcellular locations, MT1-MMP functions in cell migration, macrophage metabolism, invadopodia development, spindle formation and genes expression, respectively. Similar to MT1-MMP, MMP-2 localizes to the caveolae, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus and nucleolus, and functions in calcium regulation, contractile dysfunction, genes expression and ribosomal RNA transcription. Our particular interest lies in the role MMP-2 and MT1-MMP serve within the nucleus, as it may provide critical insights into cancer epigenetics and tumor migration and invasion. We suggest that targeting nuclear MT1-MMP or MMP-2 to reduce or halt cell proliferation and migration may lead to the development of new therapies in cancer and other diseases.
Pressure Injury Link to Entropy of Abdominal Temperature
Authors: Padhye Nikhil , Rios Denise , Fay Vaunette , Hanneman Sandra K.
Published: June 2022

This study examined the association between pressure injuries and complexity of abdominal temperature measured in residents of a nursing facility. The temperature served as a proxy measure for skin thermoregulation. Refined multiscale sample entropy and bubble entropy were used to measure the complexity of the temperature time series measured over two days at 1-minute intervals. Robust summary measures were derived for the multiscale entropies and used in predictive models for pressure injuries that were built with adaptive lasso regression and neural networks. Both types of entropies were lower in the group of participants with pressure injuries (n=11) relative to the group of non-injured participants (n=15). This was generally true at the longer temporal scales, with the effect peaking at scale τ=23 minutes. Predictive models for pressure injury on the basis of refined multiscale sample entropy and bubble entropy yielded 92% accuracy, outperforming predictions based on any single measure of entropy. Combining entropy measures with a widely used risk assessment score led to the best prediction accuracy. Complexity of abdominal temperature series could therefore serve as an indicator of risk of pressure injury.
Clima laboral y su relación con la rotación del personal en la empresa de Call Center Teleatento del Perú, Lima 2021
Authors:   , Vasquez Robles Franchesca
Published: June 2022

El estudio considera como objetivo “determinar si el clima laboral tiene relación con la rotación del personal en la empresa de Call Center Teleatento del Perú, Lima 2021”. Asimismo, el contexto metodológico, ha sido tratado a través del enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental correlacional con temporalidad transeccional. La población fue cuantificada en 12 000 colaboradores, teniendo una muestra en 372 personas. Los datos se recolectaron mediante la encuesta como técnica y a través del cuestionario como instrumento, utilizando la escala de Likert. Con respecto al procesamiento de la data inferencial se utilizó la prueba “Rho de Spearman”, esta mostró el valor (r =-0,578), hallándose con ello una relación directa. Concluye que “el clima laboral tiene relación significativa directa con la rotación de personal”.
Posicionamiento de marca y su relación con el nivel de compra por redes sociales en la Empresa Ipex. Lima, Perú 2021
Authors:   , Urrutia Ramirez Gladys Patricia
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer cómo el posicionamiento de marca se relaciona con el nivel de compra por redes sociales en la empresa IPEX, Lima-2021. La investigación tuvo enfoque cuantitativo, metodología de diseño no experimental, de tipo correlacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La población fue de 500 personas y con una muestra de 218 clientes y usuarios por redes sociales de la empresa. El instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta-cuestionario con escala de Likert que obtuvieron un Alfa de Cronbach para posicionamiento de marca (0.9489) y para el nivel de compra por redes sociales (0.9265). Los resultados demostraron una relación positiva alta, con un Rho de Spearman (0,846) y la prueba de significancia con un p-valor=0,000<0,05. Lo cual concluyó que a mayor posicionamiento de marca mayor será el nivel de compra por redes sociales de la empresa.
Use of a Polymer Gel for Killing a High-Temperature and High-Pressure Gas Well
Authors: Bai Yingrui , Liu Chengtong , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe
Published: June 2022

In the processes of oil and gas drilling, gas easily invades wellbores and adversely influences the safety in high-pressure gas reservoir drilling activities. In this study, a polymer gel was prepared for well killing in high-pressure gas reservoirs. The gelation performance of the gel under different conditions was experimentally examined. The gel can maintain high shear resistance, high-temperature resistance, and high-temperature long-term stability at 160°C and is thus suitable for the long-term isolation of high-temperature formations. The gel is sensitive to high concentrations of salt ions and must be prepared in the field using saline solutions with Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations lower than 20 000 and 500 mg/L, respectively. The gel can be easily oxidized and disintegrated by acidic solutions. The gel disintegration rate may reach 100% when subjected to ammonium persulfate and hydrochloric acid aqueous solutions at 160°C. Moreover, the polymer gel performance in application scenarios was examined. The gel density can be increased using barite and magnetite. The water loss percentage of the gel is less than 10% at 160°C, rendering its use suitable for well killing in openhole intervals, especially in water-sensitive formations such as mudstone and shale. The permeability recovery of the gas reservoir core is more than 90% when gasflooding is performed with oxidative degradation of the gel. The gel exhibits excellent well kill capacity, with a maximum value of 8.8 MPa/100 m after aging at 160°C for 3 days. Successful field test was conducted in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, which indicates that the gel can be used for well killing in high-temperature and high-pressure gas reservoirs.
ncRNAs-mediated upregulation of GTSE1 is involved in the poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: xiayu kuang , guogang cai , Canxuan Li
Published: June 2022

Aims
Examine GTSE1 expression and function in renal clear cell carcinoma, as well as the nc-RNA that is upstream of GTSE1.
Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided clinical and RNA-seq data for ccRCC patients, and the expression of GTSE1, its connection with clinical data, prognosis and tumor immune infiltration, and prediction of upstream noncoding RNAs (nc-RNAs) of GESE1 were analyzed using R language and public tumor databases.
Results
In ccRCC, GTSE1 is highly expressed and is linked to a high clinical stage and a poor prognosis. In ccRCC, the PVT1 / has-mir-23b-3p / GTSE1 axis has been identified as the most likely upstream ncRNA related route of GTSE1. Furthermore, GTSE1 expression was linked to tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarker expression, and immunological checkpoint expression.
Conclusions
Upregulation of GTSE1 by ncRNA is linked to poor prognosis and ccRCC tumor immune infiltration. GTSE1 has the potential to be a useful predictive biomarker as well as a therapeutic target.
Impact of Emergency Physician–performed Ultrasound for the evaluation of patients with acute abdominal pain, prospective randomized dual centre study: study protocol for a diagnostic trial.
Authors: Brau François , Martin Stéphanie , Bastard Quentin Le , Ricaud Patricia , Legrand Arnaud , Montassier Emmanuel , Conte Philippe Le
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAbdominal pain is frequent in patients consulting in Emergency Departments. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnosis efficacy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in patients consulting in the ED for acute abdominal pain by comparing the rate of exact diagnostic between the two arms (with or without POCUS), according to the index diagnostic established by an adjudication committee.MethodsIt is a randomized, controlled, open and interventional study in two Emergency Departments. The included patients will be adults admitted for acute abdominal pain. Exclusion criteria will be a documented end-of-life, an immediate need of life-support therapy and pregnant or breast-feeding women. Patients will be randomized in intervention (POCUS) or control groups. POCUS, only be performed by trained physicians, will be added to the diagnosis procedure in the intervention group. In the control group, the diagnosis will be established after clinical examination and reception of biological analysis results. In the interventional group, the diagnosis will be established after clinical exam, biological analysis reception and POCUS. An adjudication committee will review all data from case report forms and will determine the index diagnosis which will be used for the analysis.The primary endpoint will be the comparison of the rate of exact diagnostic between the two arms according to the adjudication committee diagnostic. Secondary endpoints will be the comparison between the two groups for diagnostic delay, duration of ED stay, diagnostic performances for non-specific abdominal pain and hospitalization rate. The primary endpoint will be compared between the two groups using a mixed model taking into account the recruiting centre. Delays will be compared by a mixed linear generalized model. Diagnostic performances will be estimated with their 95% confidence intervals. For a correct diagnostic rate of 57% in the control group and 74% in the intervention group with a 0.05 alpha risk and a 80% power, 244 patients will be required.DiscussionPOCUS diagnostic abilities have been mainly demonstrated in monocentric studies but the level of evidence of its diagnostic efficacy remains controversial in particular in Europe. The aim of this study is to address this question with a rigorous methodology.Trial registrationThis trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04912206) on June 3, 2021
AO distractor and manual traction reduction techniques repair in distal tibial fractures: a comparative study
Authors: haojun wu , He Yan-Xia , Hang Chen , Hao Lin , Lin Ting-Kui
Published: June 2022

Background: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) via percutaneous plate placement on the distal medial tibia can be performed with minimizes soft tissue injury and produces good clinical results. However, the difficulty with MIPO lies in how to achieve satisfactory fracture reduction and maintain that reduction via indirect reduction techniques to facilitate internal fixation.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of AO distractor and manual traction reduction techniques combined with MIPO in the treatment of distal tibia fractures. Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2019, 58 patients with a distal tibia fracture were treated using MIPO. Patients were divided into two groups according to the indirect reduction method that was used: 26 patients were reduced with manual traction(group M), and 32 were reduced with an AO distractor (group A).Time until union and clinical outcomes including AOFAS ankle-rating score and ankle range of ankle motion at final follow-up were compared. Mean operative time, incision length, blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded via chart review. Radiographic results at final follow-up were assessed for tibial angulation and shortening by a blinded reader.Results: Mean operative time, incision length, and blood loss in group A were significantly lower than in group M(p=0.019, 0.018 and0.016, respectively).Radiographic evidence of bony union was seen in all cases, and mean time until union was equivalent between the two groups (p=0.384).Skin irritation was noted in one case(3.1%) in group A and three cases(11.5%)in group M, but the symptoms were not severe and the plate was removed after bony union. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(p=0.461). Mean AOFAS score and range of ankle motion were equivalent between the two groups, as were varus deformity, valgus deformity, anterior angulation and posterior angulation. No patients had gross angular deformity. Mean tibial shortening was not significantly different between the two groups, and no patients had tibial shortening >10 mm.Conclusion: Both an AO distractor and manual traction reduction techniques prior to MIPO in the treatment of distal tibial fractures permit a high fracture healing rate and satisfying functional outcomes with few wound healing complications. An AO distractor is an excellent indirect reduction method that may improve operative efficiency and reduce the risk of soft tissue injury.
Relationship Between Risk Factor Profile and Prescription of Low-Dose Aspirin for Preeclampsia Prevention
Authors: Phelps Alexandra Jordan Douglas , Holmgren Calla
Published: June 2022

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess obstetrician-gynecologist utilization of low-dose aspirin for women at increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Further, the study evaluated prescribing practices in relation to specific risk factor profiles in order to identify which women are at highest risk of not receiving recommended therapy. Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study reviewed and approved by the local Institutional Review Board. Electronic health records were reviewed to identify risk factors for preeclampsia. Women were eligible for aspirin prophylaxis if they had at least one “high” risk factor or multiple “moderate” risk factors. Associations of interest were addressed using Pearson Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression.Results:970 patients were included and 301 women (31%) met criteria for low-dose aspirin prophylaxis; of these, 92 (31%) were given this recommendation. Women eligible for prophylaxis by presence of multiple “moderate” risk factors alone were least likely (0-6%) to have a low-dose aspirin prescription. Conclusions for Practice:Low-dose aspirin is an underutilized tool for preventing preeclampsia. Women with a combination of “moderate” risk factors are most likely to not receive indicated aspirin prophylaxis. Efforts should be made to encourage broader uptake of the recommendations for aspirin prophylaxis among obstetrician-gynecologists.
Differences in the microbiota of oral rinse, lesion, and normal site samples from patients with mucosal abnormalities on the tongue
Authors: Shitozawa Yawaka , Haro Kaoru , Ogawa Midori , Miyawaki Akihiko , Saito Mitsumasa , Fukuda Kazumasa
Published: June 2022

The oral microbiota associated with mucosal diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders, have been extensively analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. However, the details of the oral microbiota remain unclear at the species and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels. We aimed to determine differences in the microbiota of oral rinse, lesion, and normal site samples of patients with mucosal abnormalities on the tongues. Oral samples were obtained from 10 patients with oral mucosal abnormalities. Alpha and beta diversity at the OTU and genus levels of the microbiota samples were analyzed using OTUs clustered with 99.6% similarity based on 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained using the Sanger method. At the OTU level, the microbiota of the lesions were the least diverse but were different from those of the normal site and oral rinse samples. The OTUs corresponding to Streptococcus infantis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Prevotella scopos were suggested to contribute to the differences between the microbiota of the lesions and normal sites. At the genus level, no significant differences between these microbiota were observed. In conclusion, strict OTU-level microbiota analysis might be able to discriminate lesions from normal sites of patients with mucosal abnormalities.
Effect of dietary substitution of maize with banana pseudostem on performance and economics of crossbred grower pigs
Authors: Baruah Kishore Kumar , Khargharia Gautam , Deori Sourabh , Kadirvel Govindasamy , Doley Sunil , Baruah Anubha , Abedin Sayed Nabil , Sen Arnab , Baruah Kishore Kumar
Published: June 2022

Forty eight (48) Hampshire crossbred grower pigs (24 females and 24 males) with 75% inheritance were randomly divided into four (4) groups for the experiment. The pigs were allotted to 4 compounded dietary treatments, replacing maize with dried banana pseudostem powder by 0% (T0), 10% (T1), 20% (T2) and 30% (T3) in the ration. By modifying the amounts of maize with banana pseudostem, all compounded diets were rendered isonitrogenous and isocalorie. Results indicated significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the total body weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) in both male and female crossbred pigs, fed with ration replacing 20% maize with banana pseudostem in comparison to the other groups. The performances of the both female and male pigs were significantly (p < 0.05) lower when dietary levels of banana pseudostem were increased up to 30% in place of maize in the ration. The feed cost/kg live weight gain in 20% replacement group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control group in both the sexes. Blood biochemical parameters in both the sexes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), irrespective of different dietary treatments. In conclusion, crossbred pigs can tolerate up to 20% dietary substitution of maize with banana pseudostem in the ration without compromising their growth, blood biochemical parameters, reproductive performances and carcass quality.
Can we hit prenatal depression and anxiety through HIIT? The effectiveness of online high intensity interval training on depressive symptoms, fear of childbirth, fear of coronavirus, and perception of quality of life in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wilczyńska Dominika , Walczak-Kozłowska Tamara , Radzimiński Łukasz , Oviedo-Caro Miguel Ángel , Santos-Rocha Rita , Szumilewicz Anna
Published: June 2022

Background: In recent years high intensity interval training (HIIT) has grown in popularity, however it rarely represent training interventions in experimental studies in pregnant populations so far. Therefore, in this study we aimed at assessing the changes in depressive symptoms, fear of childbirth, fear of Covid-19, quality of life after an 8-week supervised online HIIT program, compared to an educational (self-performed physical activity) program. Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial among 54 Caucasian women in uncomplicated, singleton pregnancy (age 32 ± 4 years, 22 ± 4 week of gestation; mean ± SD). There were 34 women in the experimental group, who participated in an 8-week high intensity interval training program (HIIT group). The comparative group was constituted of 20 pregnant women who attended 8-week educational program (EDU group). Results: The most important finding was that after intervention the mental health improved somewhat in both groups, but only in the HIIT group the improvement was statistically significant. The positive trends in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms, fear of childbirth, and fear of Covid-19 were observed in both groups, however the positive response to the intervention was stronger in the EDU group. As secondary outcome, there was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness level in the EDU group, while the HIIT group maintained unchanged level of maximal oxygen uptake. Conclusions: HIIT can be recommended for women with uncomplicated pregnancies to prevent depression and anxiety symptoms. However, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of prenatal HIIT in pregnant women in various psychological conditions.Trial registration: We conducted this study in Poland, in 2021. It was approved by the Bioethics Commission at the District Medical Chamber in Gdansk (KB - 8/21). The full study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05009433).
Simulation of actual evapotranspiration and evaluation of three complementary relationships in three parallel river basins
Authors: Jiang Yongshan , Liu Zhaofei
Published: June 2022

Based on observed precipitation and runoff data, monthly actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was calculated by the hydrological budget balance method in the three parallel river basins. The performance of three developed complementary relationship methods, the nonlinear advection-aridity (non-AA) method, generalized complementary relationship method (B2015), and sigmoid generalized complementary function (H2018), on simulating ETa were evaluated. The evaluation results showed that three methods were able to accurately simulate monthly ETa series. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient between the monthly ETa simulated by the non-AA, B2015, and H2018 methods and the water-balance-derived ETa were 0.74, 0.78, and 0.79, respectively. The correlation coefficient were 0.84, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively. And the root mean square errors were 10.76 mm mon− 1, 10.01 mm mon− 1, and 9.78 mm mon− 1, respectively. The ETa increased spatially from upstream region to downstream region at catchment scale. Annual ETa simulated by the non-AA, B2015 and H2018 models showed significant increasing trends during 1956–2018 in the basins, with the increasing magnitudes of 1.53 mm/a, 1.66 mm/a and 1.47 mm/a, respectively. Research on the influence between meteorological factors and ETa showed that there was a positive correlation between ETa and precipitation, temperature, wind and sunshine hours, with the average correlation coefficient of 0.40、0.64、0.63 and 0.72, respectively. The value between ETa and relative humidity was − 0.38. The ETa in the basins was highly sensitive to temperature, wind speed and sunshine hours, with the average sensitivity coefficient of 0.26, 0.21 and 0.27, respectively. And moderately sensitive to relative humidity, with a sensitivity of -0.18.
Muscle impairment and nusinersen affect variability in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and 3: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shimizu-Motohashi Yuko , Chiba Emiko , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Yajima Hiroyuki , Ishiyama Akihiko , Takeshita Eri , Sato Noriko , Oba Mari , Sasaki Masayuki , Ito Shuichi , Komaki Hirofumi
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUNDReal-world data have shown variability in treatment responses to nusinersen in patients with 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). It could be hypothesized that the degree of muscle impairment may confer to the drug response variability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to identify muscle involvement patterns in SMA; therefore, we investigated whether the magnitude of muscle involvement assessed by MRI at baseline can predict the change in gross motor function after the initiation of nusinersen treatment.RESULTSWe retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome of our treated cohort, in relevance to the thigh and pelvic MRI taken before the nusinersen treatment. A total of 16 patients with SMA types 2 and 3 (age = mean (SD); 9.2 (4.6) year) receiving nusinersen treatment were enrolled in the study. Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE) was assessed to observe the change in motor function. The T1-weighted MR images of the pelvis and thigh were scored for muscle fatty infiltration and atrophy, and the interrater reliabilities of MR image evaluation were verified in all 16 images. The minimally clinically important difference (MCID) was considered as gaining at least 3 points of HFMSE from baseline. Of these 16 individuals, 14 had been treated for at least 15 months and had baseline data. At 15 months, seven individuals obtained MCID in HFMSE, and seven did not. Baseline muscle MRI score could not differentiate the two groups; however, individuals who obtained MCID had significantly less severe scoliosis. In addition, there was a significant and negative relationship between baseline MRI score and the change of score in HFMSE after 15 months of treatment. Further, baseline Cobb angle along with MRI score also correlated to the degree of change in motor function.CONCLUSIONIt was indicated that the degree of muscle damage may confer the variability in response to nusinersen for individuals with SMA types 2 and 3. Muscle MRI score in addition to the severity of scoliosis assessed at baseline may help to predict the gross motor function change after the drug initiation.
Immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology approach to design a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against Francisella tularensis through In Silico modeling
Authors: Hayat Chandni , Sikandar Haris , Shahab Muhammad , Liang Chaoqun , Duan Xiuyuan , Zheng Guojun
Published: June 2022

Background
Francisella tularensis is a category A pathogen with the maximum infectious and death rates, demanding the development of a vaccine. In the last eight years, growing interest in F. tularensis has resulted in the generation of data about the pathogen and its host binding method. So far, extensive information is available, but there is no authorized vaccination on the market.
Method
Using in silico techniques, present study design to develop multi-epitope vaccine. From F. tularensis, B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted to design a vaccine. The selection of epitope was selected on basis of lower percentile score, antigenicity, Non-toxicity, and immunogenicity scores. The 193 amino-acid long vaccine construct was obtained by joining the epitopes through EAAAK, CPGPG and AAY Linkers.
Result
Our vaccine represented overall the good stability, expression, immunostimulatory capabilities and solubility. Moreover, molecular docking and MD simulation exhibited strong interaction and stability of polypeptide vaccine construct.
Conclusion:
Design vaccine was verified as efficient in different computer-based immune response investigations and population coverage was good. But designed vaccines require scientific consensus and require in vitro experimental work also.
Effects of Qigong Exercise on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Jianping , Gao Yi fang , Guo Yue , Li Ming , Zhu Yuxiang , You Ruoshi , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Shizhong
Published: June 2022

Background: Physical and mental health problems are becoming more serious among college students due to lifestyle changes and increased academic stress. Qigong exercise has been regarded as a potentially effective intervention to improve the physical and mental health of college students.Methods: Eleven databases were searched from their respective inception dates to April 2022. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Physical and psychological conditions, including limb muscle strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, vital capacity, blood pressure and heart rate, as well as depression, anxiety and mood, were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Results: Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance (MD=3.83, 95% CI: 0.99 to 6.67, P=0.008) and flexibility (MD=3.01, 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.81, P=0.001) were observed. We also observed that Qigong exercise significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptoms (SMD=-0.89, 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.61, P<0.00001; SMD=-0.78, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.25, P=0.004). Nevertheless, no significant effects on muscle strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, heart rate or mood were found.Conclusion: Qigong exercise was advantageous for college students in terms of improving flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance and alleviating depression and anxiety to some extent. However, due to the limited number of eligible trials and the low methodological quality, more well-designed RCTs are needed in the future.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a tertiary care teaching hospital-retrospective study
Authors: Mohamud Abdirahman Ahmed , Omar Jafar Abdullahi , Keleşoğlu Salim İdris
Published: June 2022

Background
The most common surgical procedure for the digestive tract is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has replaced open cholecystectomy as the gold standard treatment for gallbladder inflammation and cholelithiasis. In Somalia, it is estimated that over 90% of cholecystectomies are performed laparoscopically. The goal of this study was to assess the result of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of complications, conversion rate, and length of stay at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods
This retrospective analysis was conducted on 564 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomies at Mogadishu Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital between January 2018 and January 2022, and the essential data is collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 564 patients were studied in this study, with 99 men (18%) and 465 females (82 percent ). The patients ranged in age from 20 to 90, with a mean age of 45. In our study, the operative time ranged from 15 to 90 minutes. The conversion rate was 4.4%. Six patients had bile duct injuries (1.0 percent ).
Conclusions
Gallstone disease is increasingly international. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced open cholecystectomy as the preferred gallstone treatment. Most gallstone patients are female. Male gender, thick adhesions in Calot's triangle, advanced age, Acute cholecystitis, dense adhesions, and fibrosis, and less surgeon experience increase the likelihood of an open cholecystectomy.
Fate of Microplastic in Freshwater Ecosystem: Bioaccumulation, Trophic Transfer and Biomagnification
Authors: Bhatt Vaishali , Chauhan Jaspal Singh
Published: June 2022

Plastic wastes in the environment ultimately reach to the aquatic habitats and becomes available to aquatic organisms. The pathway of microplastic in aquatic system is very less investigated specially in freshwater systems. There have been evidences of MPs ingestion by freshwater biota but the fate of these MPs further in the food chain is unexplored. Thus, we reviewed the status of MPs in freshwater biota and tried to compare the available studies to merge the available information, concepts and perspectives in order to draw a conclusion on bioaccumulation potential, trophic transfer possibilities, biomagnification and trends of ingesting MPs by the biota. In this review the previously available information about MPs in aquatic biota is arranged, analyzed and interpreted to understand all possible route of MPs in freshwater habitats. The review further provides a better understanding about the lack of information and research gaps that are needed to be investigated further to develop a solution to problem of MPs in future
Remimazolam alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine in patients receiving bronchoscopy: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Gao Shenqiang , Wang Tingting , Cao Li , Li Linyan , Yang Shengqiang
Published: June 2022

Background: Remimazolam and dexmedetomidine (Dex) are commonly used sedative medication. However, the effects and safety of remimazolam alone or in combination with Dex has not been investigated.Aim: This study aimed to investigate efficacy and safety of remimazolam alone or plus Dex for sedation during bronchoscopy.Methods: This trial enrolled 90 eligible patients undergoing bronchoscopy under intravenous anesthesia. All patients were randomly separated into three groups: group C (propofol), group R (remimazolam) and group RD (remimazolam plus Dex). Primary outcome was incidence of perioperative hypoxemia. Secondary outcomes included induction and maintenance doses of remimazolam, hemodynamic variables, modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score, coughing score, limb movement score, incidences of adverse events, patient satisfaction score, bronchoscopist satisfaction score, incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), time to loss of consciousness (LoC) and time to awake.Results: Incidences of hypoxemia and hypotension, and bronchoscopist satisfaction score were significantly decreased, time to LoC and time to awake were markedly longer in the R group and the RD group compared to the C group (p<0.05). The R group had significantly decreased induction and maintenance doses of remimazolam, and a shorter time to LoC in comparison with the RD group (p<0.05). Coughing score, limb movement score, MOAA/S score, and postoperative patient satisfaction score were comparable in the three groups. POCD was not induced in each group.Conclusion: Co-administration of Dex reduced induction and maintenance doses of remimazolam, accelerated its onset of action and did not induce POCD but with longer time to awake.Trial registration: This trial protocol had been registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000041435). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tai'an Central Hospital [(2020) Lunshen No. (14)]. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Adaptive fruit colour variation along an elevational gradient in a colour-polymorphic plant
Authors: Lim Ganges , Burns Kevin C
Published: June 2022

Many plants produce colour polymorphic fruits. However, the processes responsible for the evolution and maintenance of fruit colour polymorphisms are poorly understood. We investigated the fruit colour polymorphism in Gaultheria depressa var. novae-zealandiae (Ericaceae), a predominantly bird-dispersed, alpine shrub from New Zealand, by testing whether colour morph frequencies vary geographically to maximise fruit-foliage colour contrasts. We also conducted a seed germination experiment to test whether fruit colour morphs vary in their susceptibility to UV damage. Results showed that ‘red’ fruits were more abundant at lower elevations, while ‘white’ fruits were predominant at higher elevations. Leaf colours shifted from ‘green’ in appearance at lower elevations to ‘red’ at higher elevations. Analyses of fruit-foliage colour contrasts showed that ‘red’ fruits were more conspicuous at lower elevations, and ‘white’ fruits being more conspicuous at higher elevations, which was consistent with the hypothesis that colour morph frequencies vary geographically to maximise their conspicuousness to dispersers. However, ‘red’ fruits were generally more conspicuous than ‘white’ fruits, regardless of elevation, indicating that the maintenance of the polymorphism could not be attributed to fruit-foliage colour contrasts alone. The seed germination experiment showed that ‘white’ fruits were more resistant to UV damage, suggesting the preponderance of ‘white’ fruited individuals in the landscape results from a greater degree of protection from UV damage. The fruit colour polymorphism in Gaultheria depressa var. novae-zealandiae therefore appears to be maintained by trade-offs between conspicuousness to dispersers and tolerance to UV damage, advocating a pluralistic approach to the problem in the future.
Some new kink type solutions for the new (3+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation
Authors: Chen Xue , Guo Yanfeng , Zhang Tengfei
Published: June 2022

Exact solutions of higher-dimensional nonlinear equations takes a major place in the study of nonlinear phenomena observed in nature. In this article, some new kink type solutions are investigated for the new (3+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(BLMP) equation.Firstly, a variety of solutions are obtained by Hirota's bilinear form,, which include kink type wave solution, periodic solitary wave solutions and singular solitary wave solutions using extended homoclinic test approach. Secondly, solutions with three wave form are obtained by generalized three wave method. The extended homoclinic test approach is also used to construct solutions with a tail which explain some physical phenomenon. Moreover, some figures of the solutions are shown behind.
An Integrated Approach of Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network and Google Earth Engine for Salt Storm Monitoring and mapping
Authors: Aghazadeh Firouz , Ghasemi Mohammad , Garajeh Mohammad Kazemi , Karimzadeh Sadra , Feizizadeh Bakhtiar , Morsali Reyhaneh
Published: June 2022

This study aims to develop an integrated approach of deep learning convolutional neural network (DL-CNN) and Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for salt storm (ST) modeling and monitoring. First, we selected three ST’s predisposing factors, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), Soil Salinity (SS), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to train models. We then collected 957 Ground Control Points (GCPs) from the study area, which randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Finally, ReLu, Cross-Entropy, and Adam employed as activation function, loss function and optimizer, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the efficiency of an integrated DL-CNN and GEE for monitoring ST (Overall Accuracy (OA) = 0.93.02, 0.92.99, 0.93.88, and 0.92.01 for years 2002, 2010, 2015 and 2021, respectively). The results also show an increase in the volume of ST in the study area from 2002 to 2021. Such approach is a promising step toward understanding, controlling, and managing ST and recommend for ST spatial monitoring in other favored areas with similar environmental conditions.
Quantification and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Street Dust from Functional Areas of Khamis- Mushait, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Said Tarek O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Alamri fatimah A. , Idris Abubakr M. , Alalmie Ali Yahya A.
Published: June 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) were varied from 1250.41-4249.29 ng/g, with an average value of 2809.46 ng/g in street dust of Khamis-Mushait. A maximum concentration of fossil PAHs (ΣFPAHs) was recorded at incinerator and industrial areas representing 69.62% of ΣPAHs. However, the maximum concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs (ΣCARC) and combustion PAHs (ΣCOMB) were recorded at King Fahd Garden and Al-Hayat National Hospital areas, representing 41.70% and 27.46% of ΣPAHs, respectively. Naphthalene (NAP), Acenaphthylene (ACY) and Acenaphthene (ACE) were > (effective range low (ERL). However, ACE was > effective range medium (ERM), ACY, ACE, DBA(dibenzo anthracene) were > Probable Effect Level (PEL). In addition, NAP, fluoranthene (FLT), pyrene (PYR) and benzo(a)pyren (BaP) were > threshold effect level (TEL). The Hazardous indices (HI) for both children and adults were in the following order: ACE > ACY > NAP > PYR > fluorene (FLR) > FLT > benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP) > phenanthrene (PHN) > ANT. The total HI for non-cancer risks of PAHs exposure were 2.69×10− 2 − 9.91×10− 5 and 2.50x10− 2 − 9.22×10− 4 to adults and children, respectively. These values considered safe level and insignificant non-cancer risks to adults and children. In addition, ACE may pose risk based on acute and intermediate oral exposure. The cluster analysis of dust samples declared the following order for different sources: traffic > industrial > commercial.
Flood inundation modelling using an RProFIM approach based on the scenarios of landuse/landcover change and return periods differences in the upstream Citarum watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto Fajar , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis , Hermawan Eddy , Budhiman Syarif , Sofan Parwati , Chulafak Galdita Aruba , Nugroho Nunung Puji , Brahmantara Randy Prima , Nugroho Gatot , Priyanto Eko , Fitriana Hana Listi , Setiyoko Andie , Sakti Anjar Dimara
Published: June 2022

This study proposes a new model for flood inundation modeling using the Raster-based Probability Flood Inundation Model (RProFIM) approach. The flood modeling was carried out based on the landuse/landcover (LULC) change scenario and the difference in return periods in the study area. The aims of this study were: a) to estimate the volume of discharge in the LULC change scenario between 1990 and 2050 and the difference in return periods between 2 and 100 years; b) to create and produce flood inundation maps using the RProFIM approach; and c) to analyse flood damage assessment based on the results provided by overlaying LULC data with flood inundation maps. In general, the flood probability modeling generated by RProFIM provided the same pattern and conditions it was shown by reference data. The results found several potential areas in Citarum watershed, West Java-Indonesia which are likely to be flooded based on the RProFIM approach in the Districts of Margaasih, Kutawaringin, Margahayu, Katapang, Dayeuhkolot, and Baleendah. Flood damage assessment by the flood scenario with a return period of 2–100 years and changes in LULC in the range of 1990–2050, shows that the largest estimated loss based on market value is on built-up land and agriculture. This research is expected to be used as one of the considerations in managing environmental problems in overcoming flooding in the study area.
Biodegradable active packaging material containing grape seed ethanol extract and corn starch/к-carrageenan composite film
Authors: Wang Cuntang , An Xuanzhe , Li Ziyu , Lu Yueyi , Gao Zengming , Tian Shengxin
Published: June 2022

A biodegradable packaging film with antioxidant and antibacterial activity was developed by adding grape seed ethanol extract (1%、3%、5% per g of starch) to corn starch/κ-carrageenan (CS/кC) complex film made using the solvent casting method. The κ-carrageenan is a promising film-forming polymer with highly elastic and adhesive properties. The addition of GSE enhanced the water vapor permeability, break elongation, and opacity of the film, and this is related to the excellent dispersion of GSE in CS/кC film observed by scanning electron microscope, and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bond between GSE and CS proved by FT-IR. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the CS/кC -5% GSE film has a high glass transition temperature (121.65℃). With the increase of GSE content, it improved the antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging 26.5% and ABTS radical scavenging 45.0%) and antibacterial activity (Bacteriostatic circle diameter of E. coli 12.78 ± 0.42 mm and S. aureus strains 13.52 ± 0.66 mm) of CS/кC films. Simulated food packaging experiments presented that CS/кC-GSE film significantly reduced the peroxide value of lard (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that the GSE can be used as a food-grade packaging material and has a good application prospect in the food industry.