bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Gut Bacterial Diversity in Wild and Domestic Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shah Tariq , Guo Xusheng , Song Yongwu , Fang Yonggui , Ding Luming
Published: August 2024

The gut microbiota is a diverse and complex population, and it has a key role in the host’s health and adaptability to the environment. The present study investigated the fecal bacterial community of wild grazing (WG) and domestic grazing (DG) yaks on natural grazing pastures, analyzing the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess bacterial diversity. A total of 48 yak fecal samples were selected from two different grazing habitats. The DG group had more crude proteins and non-fiber carbohydrates. The WG group had more OM, insoluble dietary fiber such as NDF, ADF, ether extract, and TC. There were 165 and 142 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the WG and DG groups, respectively. Shannon index analysis revealed a higher bacterial diversity in the WG group than in the DG group. At the phylum level, Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial taxa in both groups. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the WG group was higher than in the DG group. At the family level, the WG group had a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae (p < 0.001) and Rikenellaceae (p < 0.001) than the DG group. The abundances of Alloprevotella and Succinivibrio were more pronounced in the DG group than in the WG group at the genus level. This study presents a novel understanding of the bacterial communities of ruminants and their potential applications for livestock production.
Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Truncated Analogs of the Scorpion Venom-Derived Peptide IsCT against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jantaruk Pornpimon , Teerapo Kittitat , Charoenwutthikun Supattra , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Kunthalert Duangkamol
Published: August 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and a frequent cause of severe nosocomial infections and fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Its ability to form biofilms has been the main driving force behind its resistance to almost all conventional antibiotics, thereby limiting treatment efficacy. In an effort to discover novel therapeutic agents to fight P. aeruginosa-associated biofilm infections, the truncated analogs of scorpion venom-derived peptide IsCT were synthesized and their anti-biofilm properties were examined. Among the investigated peptides, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide evidently showed the most potential anti-P. aeruginosa biofilm activity and the effect was not due to bacterial growth inhibition. The IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide also exhibited inhibitory activity against the production of pyocyanin, an important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and interleukin-6 in P. aeruginosa LPS-induced macrophages. Due to its low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide emerges as a promising candidate with significant anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings highlight its potential application in treating P. aeruginosa-related biofilm infections.
Parameter Extraction for a SPICE-like Delphi4LED Multi-Domain Chip-Level LED Model with an Improved Nelder–Mead Method
Authors: Németh Márton , Hegedüs János , Hantos Gusztáv , Abdulrazzaq Ali Kareem , Poppe András
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a novel method is presented to estimate the parameters of the SPICE-like multi-domain model of light-emitting diode (LED) chips developed and proposed by the Delphi4LED project. The proposed estimation algorithm employs a modified Nelder-Mead method, as the gradient methods and the original version of Nelder-Mead fail to properly handle this problem. By using the new, modified Nelder-Mead method presented in this paper the parameters are estimated faster, compared to the previously used brute-force algorithm-based parameter extraction process, allowing the same precision of the SPICE-like multi-domain LED model. The modification of the parameter extraction procedure also allows speeding up and simplifying the multi-domain LED characterization method proposed earlier by the Delphi4LED project. The speed and robustness of the new model eliminate the need for time-consuming junction temperature control during measurements by employing a novel extraction strategy that seeks the global minimum, rather than relying on the composition of marginal minima.
Mechanical Characteristics of Suspended Buried Pipelines in Coal Mining Areas Affected by Groundwater Loss
Authors: Wang Wen , Wang Fan , Lu Xiaowei , Ren Jiandong , Zhang Chuanjiu
Published: August 2024

Research on the deformation characteristics and failure modes of buried pipelines under local suspension conditions caused by groundwater loss in coal mining subsidence areas is conducive to grasping the failure evolution law of pipelines and providing technical support for the precise maintenance of gathering and transportation projects and the coordinated mining of gas and coal resources. First, a test system for monitoring the deformation of pipelines under loading was designed, which mainly includes pipeline load application devices, end fixing and stress monitoring devices, pipeline end brackets, and stress–strain monitoring devices. Then, a typical geological hazard faced by oil and gas pipelines in the gas–coal overlap area—local suspension—was used as the engineering background to simulate the field conditions of a 48 mm diameter gas pipeline with a localized uniform load. At the same time, deformation, top–bottom strain, end forces, and damage patterns of the pipeline were monitored and analyzed. The results show that the strain at the top and bottom of the pipeline increased as the load increased. In this case, the top was under pressure, and the bottom was under tension, and the conditions at the top and bottom were opposite.. For the same load, the strain tended to increase gradually from the end to the middle of the pipeline, and at the top, it increased significantly more than at the bottom. The tensile force carried by the end of the pipeline increased as the applied load increased, and the two were positively correlated by a quadratic function. The overall deformation of the pipeline evolved from a flat-bottom shape to a funnel and then to a triangular shape as the uniform load increased. In addition, plastic damage occurred when the pipeline deformed into a triangular shape. The results of the investigation clarify for the first time the mathematical relationship between local loads and ultimate forces on pipelines and analyze the evolution of pipeline failure, providing a reference for pipeline field maintenance. Based on this, the maximum deformation of and the most vulnerable position in natural gas pipelines passing through a mining subsidence area can be preliminarily judged, and then the corresponding remedial and protection measures can be taken, which has a certain guiding role for the protection of natural gas pipelines.
Stress Characteristics and Mechanical Behavior of Rock Masses with an Opening under Complex Deep Underground Stress Conditions
Authors: Cao Mingyu , Qiu Xianyang , Cao Rihong , Li Zeyu , Shi Xiuzhi , Tan Lihai
Published: August 2024

In this study, the impact of principal stress states on the stress characteristics and initial failure of the rock mass surrounding a three-center arch opening was investigated using complex variable function methods and Discrete Element Method (DEM) numerical modeling. First, the mapping function of the opening was determined using the trigonometric interpolation method, and the influence of the number of terms in the mapping function on its accuracy was revealed. Based on this, the far-field stress state of the underground rock mass was characterized by the ratio of the minimum to maximum principal stress (λ) and the angle (β) between the principal stress and the vertical direction. This stress state was then converted into normal and shear stresses. Using complex variable function theory, the stress characteristics at the boundary of the opening under different stress states were analyzed. Finally, DEM numerical modeling was employed to study the initial failure characteristics at the boundary of the opening and its relationship with the stress distribution. The results indicate that the lateral pressure coefficient significantly affects the stability of the opening by influencing stress concentration around the surrounding rock. Low lateral pressure coefficients lead to tensile stress concentration at the boundary perpendicular to the maximum principal stress. As the coefficient increases, tensile stress decreases, and compressive stress areas expand. While the principal stress direction has a minor effect on stress concentration, it notably impacts stress distribution at the boundary. When λ < 1.0 and β = 45°, stress distribution asymmetry is most pronounced, with the highest compressive stress. The early failure distribution aligns with stress concentration areas, validating the use of stress analysis in predicting opening stability and failure characteristics.
Tracking Differences in Cow Temperature Related to Environmental Factors
Authors: Gálik Roman , Bod’o Štefan , Lüttmerding Gabriel , Knížková Ivana , Kunc Petr
Published: August 2024

The main objective of this work was to investigate the influence of environmental factors, including air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and temperature–humidity index (THI), on the difference between rectal temperature (RT) and eye temperature (ET) of dairy cows. The monitoring of these parameters is important for the further possible introduction of digitalization in animal welfare, especially in dairy cattle. The mean calculated difference between rectal temperature and eye temperature (RT–ET) was 1.5 °C. The average value of AT was 16.4 °C, and the average value of RH was 59.2%. The average value of THI was 60.4. The results of the study showed that, for the temperature difference ET-RT, a low degree of correlation was found both with temperature and with the temperature-humidity index THI (R = 0.22; R = 0.23). However, the observed temperature difference of the animal (ET-RT) showed a moderate degree of dependence on the relative humidity of air (R = −0.32). Although the positive correlation coefficient for AT and THI points to the higher criticality of summer measurements, the negative correlation coefficient for RH supports the use of infrared thermography for determining the temperature of animals even in a moister barn environment.
Revolutionizing Roadways: High-Performance Warm Mix Asphalt Binder with Trinidad Lake Asphalt and Recycled Tire Rubber
Authors: Vigneswaran Shyaamkrishnan , Yun Jihyeon , Lee Moon-Sup , Jeong Kyu-Dong , Lee Soon-Jae
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the transformative effects of incorporating Trinidad Lake asphalt (TLA), crumb rubber modifier (CRM), and the warm mix additive leadcap (LC) into petroleum-based asphalt binder PG 64-22. Our results show that LC significantly reduces binder viscosity, leading to easier application and lower energy consumption, especially when combined with TLA and CRM. The addition of TLA and CRM enhances rutting resistance, with notable improvements in both pre- and post-aging conditions, particularly in formulations combining PG 64-22, 20% TLA, and 10% CRM. These formulations exhibit superior performance metrics, such as increased percentage recovery (% rec) and reduced non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr), indicating improved flexibility and deformation resistance. Furthermore, LC balances increased rigidity and susceptibility to fatigue cracking from higher TLA and CRM levels, respectively. These modifications also promote environmental sustainability by reducing energy usage and emissions during production and paving. This study highlights LC’s critical role in advancing high-performance, eco-friendly warm mix asphalt binders, offering valuable insights for sustainable pavement engineering and setting a new benchmark for advanced asphalt technologies.
Exploring the Ground-Penetrating Radar Technique’s Effectiveness in Diagnosing Hydropower Dam Crest Conditions: Insights from Gura Apelor and Herculane Dams, Romania
Authors: Gerea Alexandra Georgiana , Mihai Andrei Emilian
Published: August 2024

When it comes to hydropower dam safety, continuous and comprehensive monitoring is increasingly important. Especially for aging dams, this can pose a difficult challenge that benefits from a multimethod analysis. Here, we present the use and suitability of a geophysical method, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), for the non-invasive assessment of two distinct types of hydropower dams in Romania: Herculane (a concrete arch dam) and Gura Apelor (an embankment dam with a rockfill and clay core). Unlike traditional monitoring methods for dam safety in Romania, which might provide an incomplete overview, GPR offers a broader, non-destructive approach to evaluating some elements of dam integrity. Here, we present the results of surveys carried out with a 200 MHz antenna on the crests of both dams. The aim was to conduct a rapid assessment of the crest condition and identify the potential damage to the crest that may elude standard monitoring techniques. The surveys provide an imaging indicative of the structural integrity, although this is more challenging in the embankment dam, and additionally we provide significant information regarding the deformations in the upper layers. This complements data from routine topo-geodetical surveys, offering a potential explanation for the vertical displacements observed therein. We highlight several areas of potential deformation as well as degradation in subsurface structures such as rebars. The results underscore the value of GPR in supplementing established dam monitoring methods, highlighting its effectiveness in different contexts and dam types, as well as its potential in shaping future standards for dam safety management in Romania.
Impact of Long-Term Storage on Mid-Infrared Spectral Patterns of Serum and Synovial Fluid of Dogs with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Malek Sarah , Marini Federico , McClure J. T.
Published: August 2024

Mid-infrared spectral (MIR) patterns of serum and synovial fluid (SF) are candidate biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of long-term storage on MIR spectral patterns was previously unknown. MIR spectra of canine serum (52 knee-OA, 49 control) and SF (51 knee-OA, 51 control) were obtained after short-term and long-term storage in −80 °C. Multilevel simultaneous component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to evaluate the effect of time and compare the performance of predictive models for discriminating OA from controls. The median interval of storage between sample measurements was 5.7 years. Spectra obtained at two time points were significantly different (p < 0.0001); however, sample aging accounted for only 1.61% and 2.98% of the serum and SF profiles’ variability, respectively. Predictive models for discriminating serum of OA from controls for short-term storage showed 87.3 ± 3.7% sensitivity, 88.9 ± 2.4% specificity, and 88.1 ± 2.3% accuracy, while for long-term storage, they were 92.5 ± 2.6%, 97.1 ± 1.7%, and 94.8 ± 1.4%, respectively. Predictive models of short-term stored SF spectra had 97.3 ± 1.6% sensitivity, 89.4 ± 2.6% specificity, and 93.4 ± 1.6% accuracy, while for long-term storage they were 95.7 ± 2.1%, 95.7 ± 0.8%, and 95.8 ± 1.1%, respectively. Long-term storage of serum and SF resulted in significant differences in MIR spectral variables without significantly altering the performance of predictive algorithms for discriminating OA from controls.
Research on the Jiamusi Area’s Shallow Groundwater Recharge Using Remote Sensing and the SWAT Model
Authors: Yang Xiao , Dai Changlei , Liu Gengwei , Li Chunyue
Published: August 2024

Jiamusi is situated in Heilongjiang Province, China, in the center of the Sanjiang Plain. The 1980s’ overplanting of paddy fields resulted in a decrease in groundwater levels, scarcity of groundwater resources, and frequent earth collapses. Examining and safeguarding the groundwater resources in this region has emerged as a crucial subject. In light of this, this paper uses the remote sensing water balance method and the SWAT distributed hydrological model to calculate groundwater resources in the Jiamusi area. It also conducts scientific experiments by examining various factors, including rainfall, the degree of water supply, soil type, and land use. The measured monthly runoff of Jiamusi City’s Tongjiang and Fuyuan City’s hydrology stations was utilized to establish the model parameters for the SWAT model. A preliminary assessment of the distribution features of shallow groundwater in the Jiamusi area is conducted using the two methodologies mentioned above, and the following results are reached: (1) Tongjiang Hydrological Station and Fuyuan Hydrological Station both had good runoff modeling results, with R2 and NS values of 0.81, 0.77, and 0.77, 0.75, respectively. (2) The SWAT model works well for assessing groundwater resources. Between 2010 and 2016 (two preheating years), Jiamusi’s average groundwater recharge was 61.03 × 108 m3, with a recoverable amount of 27.4 × 108 m3. (3) Based on the remote sensing water balancing approach, the average exploitable quantity of groundwater recharge in the Jiamusi area between 2008 and 2016 is 23.94 × 108 m3, while the average recharge in the area is 53.2 × 108 m3. (4) The Jiamusi metropolitan area is the core of the groundwater phreatic reservoir water reserves, which progressively decline in both the northeast and southeast directions. It falls to the southwest as Fuyuan City’s center. The Songhua River’s main stream area near Tongjiang City has the least volume of water reserves in the phreatic layer, and the area’s groundwater reserves converge to the southeast and northwest, where surface water makes up the majority of the water resources.
Digitalization and Spatial Simulation in Urban Management: Land-Use Change Model for Industrial Heritage Conservation
Authors: González-Albornoz Pablo , López María Isabel , Carmona Paulina , Rubio-Manzano Clemente
Published: August 2024

Contemporary post-industrial urban areas face opposing transformation trends: on one hand, abandonment or underutilization, and its replacement by new constructions and uses, on the other hand, the revaluation of the historical fabric and the implementation of initiatives to rehabilitate this legacy as industrial heritage. This study aimed to understand the factors that influence trends, and simulate land-use scenarios. A methodology based on three phases is proposed: digitization, exploratory spatial data analysis and simulation. Using the former textile district of Bellavista in Tomé (Chile), this study created and used historical land-use maps from 1970, 1992 and 2019. Meanwhile the main change observed from 1970 to 1992 was a 59.4% reduction in Historical Informal Open Spaces. The major change from 1992 to 2019 was the Historical Informal Open Space loss trend continuing; 65% of the land dedicated to this use changed to new usages. Consequently, the influence of two morphological factors and three urban management instruments on land-use changes between 1992 and 2019 was studied. The projection to 2030 showed a continued trend of expansion of new housing uses over historic urban green spaces and industrial areas on the waterfront, although restrained by the preservation of the central areas of historic housing and the textile factory.
Determining the Head Characteristics of Radial Centrifugal Pumps under the Impact of Prewhirl
Authors: Reeh Nils , Manthei Gerd , Klar Peter J.
Published: August 2024

The flow rate is a significant factor in the operation of centrifugal pumps. The characteristic curve of the pump head is frequently employed in the calculation of the flow rate. Nevertheless, this may be subject to alteration because of prewhirl on the suction side of the pump. Calculating the changes in the head’s characteristic curve reveals a change in hydraulic losses. The impact of prewhirl on hydraulic losses is investigated by experimental and numerical analysis of two radial centrifugal pumps. It is demonstrated that the primary changes occur in the pump impeller losses. Relative velocity is a significant factor in this context. Alterations in the pumps’ configurations result in a range of secondary flows and shock losses at the leading edge of the blades. A physical model, derived on the basis of the relative velocity, is used to predict the characteristic curves of radial centrifugal pumps with prewhirl with a high degree of accuracy. The results demonstrate a notable enhancement in comparison to modelling techniques that do not incorporate the fluctuating hydraulic losses.
Risk Elements in Total Suspended Particles in Areas Affected by Opencast Mining of Brown Coal
Authors: Száková Jiřina , Rychlíková Eva , Ladecká Veronika , Beneš Ivan , Boahen Frank , Tlustoš Pavel
Published: August 2024

Background: The total suspended particles (TSPs) and selected risk element contents were determined in two medium-sized cities, Litvínov and Sokolov (both in North Bohemia, Czech Republic), where the environment is adversely affected by opencast brown coal mining, coal-related industries, and the petrochemical industry. Methods: TSP samples were collected monthly for three years. Results and Discussion: The results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the TSP deposition in different seasons of the year, with the highest values in spring, followed by summer, and the lowest in autumn and winter. This is most likely due to increased coal mining activity in the spring and summer. The amount of the elements associated with the TSP showed mostly a similar pattern. The potential risk of these elements for human health was assessed as the average daily dose (ADD) for ingestion of the individual elements and subsequently calculated hazard quotients (HQ). Elevated oral ADD levels were recorded, especially for children. Among the risk elements, arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were identified as the most hazardous. Conclusions: The results indicated that the TSP-related risk elements do not represent a serious health risk, but many questions concerning the sources of elements in the area and their bioaccessibility remain open for further research.
Effects of Five Different Toothpastes on Remineralization and Surface Roughness of Primary Tooth Enamel with Artificial Initial Caries
Authors: Altinsoy Gokce Ozcan , Ceyhan Derya
Published: August 2024

There are only a few studies about the effects of toothpastes for children on remineralization and surface roughness of primary teeth. The aim of this study was to examine the remineralization capacity of five different toothpastes for children on primary tooth enamels with artificial initial caries, their effects on enamel surface roughness, and the relationship between their abrasive effects and remineralization. Sixty of 74 samples were allocated for microhardness and AFM analyses (after initialization, demineralization, and pH cycling), and 14 samples were evaluated by SEM. Sixty samples were divided into five groups, with each group representing a different toothpaste brand, as follows: Group 1: Splat; Group 2: Logodent; Group 3: Eyup Sabri Tuncer; Group 4: Naturalive; and Group 5: Buccotherm. Fourteen samples were divided into seven groups, each representing a different processing stage, with two samples in each group, for the initial (sound enamel surface) stage, post demineralization, and after applying the five remineralizing toothpastes. Toothpastes were applied to samples in a 7-day pH cycle. Data were analyzed statistically. Each toothpaste showed increased microhardness values; however, this increase was significant only for Group 4 (Naturalive) and Group 5 (Buccotherm). The highest surface roughness values were obtained after demineralization. The toothpastes reduced surface roughness, but these reductions were not statistically significant among the different types of toothpastes. The correlation analysis revealed that the toothpastes affected surface roughness according to their remineralization potential. The results were supported by SEM images. All toothpastes recovered primary tooth enamels with artificial initial caries, but only two had significant values.
Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix): A Systematic Review
Authors: Dong Pengbin , Wang Lingjuan , Chen Yong , Wang Liyang , Liang Wei , Wang Hongyan , Cheng Jiali , Chen Yuan , Guo Fengxia
Published: August 2024

Huang-Qi (Astragali radix) is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, derived from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. To date, more than 200 compounds have been reported to be isolated and identified in Huang-Qi. However, information pertaining to Huang-Qi breeding is considerably fragmented, with fundamental gaps in knowledge, creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies. This review systematically introduces Huang-Qi germplasm resources, genetic diversity, and genetic breeding, including wild species and cultivars, and summarizes the breeding strategy for cultivars and the results thereof as well as recent progress in the functional characterization of the structural and regulatory genes related to horticultural traits. Perspectives about the resource protection and utilization, breeding, and industrialization of Huang-Qi in the future are also briefly discussed.
Exploratory Study of Biomechanical Properties and Pain Sensitivity at Back-Shu Points
Authors: Moon Heeyoung , Lee Seoyoung , Yoon Da-Eun , Lee In-Seon , Chae Younbyoung
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Hypersensitive acupoints in specific body areas are associated with corresponding internal or visceral disorders. Back-shu points are clinically significant for the diagnosis of visceral organ disease, according to the biomechanical characteristics of the acupoints. In this study, we assessed the biomechanical characteristics and pain sensitivities of five back-shu points linked to five visceral organs in healthy participants. Methods: The study included 48 volunteer participants. A myotonometry was used to assess muscle tone and muscle stiffness at five back-shu points associated with visceral organs. Pressure was monitored using a microcontroller and a force sensor. Pain sensitivity was assessed in response to deep pressure pain produced by a constant force. Results: Substantial differences in muscle tone and stiffness were observed at the five back-shu points; muscle tone was highest at BL15, whereas muscle tone and muscle stiffness were lowest at BL23. Moreover, pain sensitivity was significantly different among the acupoints; pain sensitivity was highest at BL23. There was a significant negative correlation between muscle tone and pain sensitivity. Conclusions: We found significant differences in muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and pain sensitivity among five back-shu points associated with visceral organs, which may be attributable to anatomical variations at each point. Our findings suggest that differences at back-shu points should be considered to ensure the accurate diagnosis of visceral disease.
Static Performance of Pre-Fabricated and Cast-in-Place Joints Formed by Inserting Steel Secondary Beam into Concrete Girder
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Yang Shutong , Chen Guipeng , Li Shenglin , Wang Yanqiang , Liu Zhanyu , Yang Qi
Published: August 2024

Joints formed by inserting steel secondary beam (SSB) into concrete girders have been increasingly used in engineering practice (e.g., electric power). To demonstrate the static performance of these joints, two key variables including the construction method (prefabricated, cast-in-place) and the insertion form of SSB (unilateral, bilateral) were considered. The test results indicated that the failure mode of each joint was concrete punching by the inserted SSB. Compared with the joint specimens with unilateral insertion of SSB, the failure mode of the joint with bilateral insertion was changed from multiple to single cracking, exhibiting more obvious brittleness. When high-performance cement-based grouting materials were incorporated into the joint, the assembly and ductility of the joint were effectively improved. Compared with the cast-in-place counterparts, the displacement ductility coefficients of joints with prefabricated unilaterally and bilaterally inserted beams were enhanced by 22.9% and 41.3%, respectively. Moreover, a theoretical model was developed to evaluate the punching shear resistance of such joints with favorable accuracy.
Automated Safety Risk Assessment Framework by Integrating Safety Regulation and 4D BIM-Based Rule Modeling
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Yoo Taehan , Tran Si Van-Tien , Lee Doyeop , Park Chansik , Lee Dongmin
Published: August 2024

Performing risk assessments in construction requires collecting and analyzing project data and historical safety accident data, which is challenging due to the inherent complexities and dynamic nature of construction projects. To address these challenges, building information modeling (BIM) has been leveraged as a centralized digital repository that integrates data and provides a holistic 3D view of a project. Previous studies have highlighted BIM’s significant functions for risk assessment, such as visualization, simulation, and clash detection. However, these studies often overlook the incorporation of temporal information, which is crucial for assessing risks accounting for the dynamic conditions of construction sites. This study develops a 4D BIM-based risk-assessment framework by integrating spatial and temporal data to respond to dynamic site changes. The framework leverages 4D BIM to combine 3D model data with time-, resource-, and logistics-related information, enhancing the tracking and evaluation of construction progress. The study involves investigating major construction accidents, classifying their risk factors, establishing risk-factor identification algorithms, and implementing the framework on a web-based platform for validation. This approach offers a comprehensive risk-identification strategy, applicable to multiple accident types, with intuitive visualization using BIM models, benefiting from managers’ experiential knowledge and enabling effective risk assessments and mitigation strategies. Consequently, potential safety risks at construction sites can be efficiently identified using interconnected spatial and temporal data while tracking changes in risk levels in real time and visualizing them on a web-based platform.
Exploratory Study Identifies Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 and -9 as Potential Biomarkers of Regorafenib Efficacy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Suenaga Mitsukuni , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Dan Shingo , Seimiya Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Kensei
Published: August 2024

In identifying biomarkers for anticancer drugs, the lack of objectivity in selecting candidate factors makes interpretation difficult. We performed preclinical analysis and a translational validation study to identify candidate biomarkers for regorafenib efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Using in silico COMPARE analysis with a human cancer cell line panel, JFCR39, we selected candidate biomarkers whose expression correlates with regorafenib sensitivity. We validated predictive values in mCRC patients receiving regorafenib (discovery, n = 53) and FTD/TPI (control, n = 16). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), before the second cycle (2nd), and at progressive disease (PD), and biomarker levels were measured using ELISA. Our analysis showed that high matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 expression was associated with a high sensitivity to regorafenib. In the discovery cohort, high MMP-14 levels at BL and PD were correlated with tumor shrinkage and longer progression-free survival (PFS). A subsequent analysis of other related factors further indicated that the patients with decreased MMP-9 levels at the 2nd had higher disease control rates, tumor shrinkage, longer PFS, and overall survival than those with increased changes. These findings were not observed in the control cohort. Our study suggests MMP-14 and MMP-9 may serve as prognostic markers for regorafenib and provide insights into novel combination therapies with anti-MMP-9 agents or FTD/TPI.
Subxiphoid Single-Port Robotic Thymectomy Using the Single-Port Robotic System versus VATS: A Multi-Institutional, Retrospective, and Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Lee Jun Hee , Hwang Jinwook , Park Tae Hyun , Gu Byung Mo , Jung Younggi , Yi Eunjue , Lee Sungho , Hwang Soon Young , Chung Jae ho , Kim Hyun Koo
Published: August 2024

Subxiphoid thymectomy is a novel alternative to the transthoracic approach and sternotomy, with potential benefits, such as reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery. We previously reported the initial experience with subxiphoid single-port robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (SRATS) thymectomy using the single-port robotic system (SPS). However, the efficacy of this technique remains unknown. Thus, this study examined the multi-institutional experience with SRATS thymectomy and compared the perioperative outcomes of this technique to those of subxiphoid single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (SVATS) thymectomy. The data of patients who underwent subxiphoid SRATS and SVATS thymectomy, performed by three thoracic surgeons at three institutions between September 2018 and May 2024, were retrospectively collected. In total, 110 patients were included, with 85 and 25 undergoing SRATS and SVATS thymectomy, respectively. After propensity score matching, 25 patients were included in each group. The SRATS group was associated with a lower conversion rate to multi-port surgery (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.05), shorter chest tube drainage duration (1.32 ± 0.75 vs. 2.00 ± 1.29 days, p = 0.003), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (2.52 ± 1.00 vs. 5.08 ± 5.20 days, p = 0.003). Subxiphoid SRATS thymectomy using the SPS is feasible and is a good alternative to conventional thymectomy. Further studies are necessary to confirm its benefits.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Aspects with Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Targets of Primary Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Trandafir Cornelia Marina , Closca Raluca Maria , Poenaru Marioara , Sarau Oana Silvana , Sarau Cristian Andrei , Rakitovan Marina , Baderca Flavia , Sima Laurentiu Vasile
Published: August 2024

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma originates from melanocytes and it is a rare malignancy in the sinonasal tract. It is an aggressive melanocytic neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. The symptoms are nonspecific and the diagnosis is delayed, usually until the advanced stages of the disease. The current study performs a correlation between the histopathological aspects of sinonasal mucosal melanoma and different types of immune cells present in the microenvironment, with prognostic and therapeutic implications. The endpoint is to quantify the cellular immune microenvironment and correlate it with patient survival. This study presents nine cases of primary sinonasal mucosal melanomas diagnosed at the Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania during a period of 15 years. The histopathological examination was performed in the Department of Pathology of the same hospital, using morphological hematoxylin–eosin staining. Additional immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the components of the tumor immune microenvironment. This study identifies eosinophils, macrophages, natural killer cells and plasma cells as favorable prognostic factors. Therefore, a CD8:CD4 ratio of more than 3 is correlated with a good response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
Application of Different Waveforms of Pulsed Current in the Classical Electro-Cocatalytic Process for Effective Removal of Sulfamethoxazole: Oxidation Mechanisms
Authors: Fang Jingkai , Wang Yongjian , Wang Jiahao , Zhang Igor Ying , Huang Rongfu
Published: August 2024

In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was applied as the model pollutant to assess the performance of pulsed current (PC) waveforms in the decontamination efficiency of the PC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/Fe(III) process and to investigate underlying oxidation mechanisms. Among the various waveforms tested, the sinusoidal wave (SIN), combined with the Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) electrode, demonstrated superior degradation performance, with the order being SIN > ramp > square > direct current (DC). The operational conditions for the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) system were optimized to an initial pH of 3, a voltage of 6 V, 0.6 mmol/L of Fe3+, 1.0 mmol/L of PMS, and a frequency of 1 kHz. The results of quenching and probe experiments confirmed the generation of abundant reactive radicals such as •OH, SO4•−, O2•−, Fe(IV), and 1O2 in the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) process, which collectively enhanced the degradation of SMX. Additionally, results of high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis were employed to identify the SMX oxidation byproducts, and the toxicity of SMX byproducts was evaluated. Overall, the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) process exhibits effective degradation capacity with high energy efficiency, establishing itself as an effective strategy for the practical treatment of medical wastewater.
Association of Body Mass Index with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity, Eating Behavior, and the Use of the Internet or Games among Korean Middle School Students
Authors: Kwon Jeonga , Roh Su-Yeon , Kwon Daekeun
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with the weekly frequency of moderate-intensity physical activity, eating behavior, and the use of the Internet or games among Korean middle school students. Methods: The data of 23,583 Korean middle school students were collected from the 2023 Korean Student Health Examination. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: The results also showed that the higher the BMI, the greater the likelihood of moderate-intensity physical activity. The likelihood of breakfast intake reduced as the BMI increased. However, the likelihood of using the Internet or games increased with an increase in BMI. The results revealed that 28% (6594 of 23,583) of middle school students rarely participate in moderate-intensity physical activity, while 32% (7553 of 23,583) participate only once or twice a week. The results also showed that the higher the BMI, the higher the likelihood of moderate-intensity physical activity. Among those who were underweight, the odds ratio (OR) of 3–4 days of participation in moderate-intensity physical activity was 0.764 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.664–0.880; p < 0.001). Among those who were healthy, the OR of more than 5 days of participation was 1.279 (95% CI: 1.131–1.446; p < 0.001). Among those who were overweight, the OR of 3–4 days and more than 5 days of participation was 1.172 (95% CI: 1.019–1.348; p = 0.026) and 1.181 (95% CI: 1.011–1.380; p = 0.036), respectively. The likelihood of the use of the Internet or games increased with an increase in BMI. The OR of the use of the Internet or games was 0.876 (95% CI: 0.806–0.952; p = 0.002) and 0.824 (95% CI: 0.743–0.913; p < 0.001) among those who were healthy and those who were overweight, respectively. However, the likelihood of breakfast intake reduced as the BMI increased. Among those who were underweight, the OR of always eating breakfast and mostly eating breakfast was 1.299 (95% CI: 1.114–1.515; p < 0.001) and 1.236 (95% CI: 1.045–1.461; p = 0.013), respectively. Among those who were healthy, the OR of always eating breakfast was 1.157 (95% CI: 1.026–1.305; p = 0.018). Among those who were overweight, the OR of mostly eating breakfast was 1.215 (95% CI: 1.030–1.433; p = 0.021). Conclusions: Given this, outdoor sports may increase adolescents’ participation in physical activities by helping them break away from repetitive ball games and increasing their overall interest and participation in physical activities. Overall, our results suggest the need to move away from traditional physical education and develop engaging physical activity programs that motivate students to participate in moderate-intensity physical activities.
Poly(Lactide) Nonwoven Fabric with Iron Coating and Its Biological Properties
Authors: Mrozińska Zdzisława , Świerczyńska Małgorzata , Juszczak Michał , Woźniak Katarzyna , Kudzin Marcin H.
Published: August 2024

The study investigated the biological properties of a composite material composed of poly(lactide) (PLA) and iron (Fe) produced by sputtering iron onto melt-blown poly(lactide) nonwoven fabrics. The research aimed to thoroughly understand the structure and properties of these materials and their potential applications in biomedicine. We conducted comprehensive chemical and structural analyses using techniques such as microscopic analysis, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis to precisely determine the properties of PLA-Fe materials. Additionally, we evaluated their impact on blood coagulation processes by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). We also performed biological analyses on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells) including cell viability and DNA damage. Our results clearly demonstrate that PLA-Fe materials do not significantly influence blood coagulation mechanisms, as they only slightly prolong aPTT time and have no effect on PT. This suggests their potential in biomedical applications. Our results indicate the absence of cyto- and genotoxic properties of PLA-Fe materials against normal blood cells. In conclusion, the research findings suggest that the novel poly(lactide) and iron-sputtered nonwoven fabrics are promising tools in the field of biomedicine, offering potentially innovative therapeutic solutions for the treatment of wounds and injuries.
A Novel Frailty Index Can Predict the Short-Term Outcomes of Esophagectomy in Older Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Boerner Thomas , Sewell Marisa , Tin Amy L. , Vickers Andrew J. , Harrington-Baksh Caitlin , Bains Manjit S. , Bott Matthew J. , Park Bernard J. , Sihag Smita , Jones David R. , Downey Robert J. , Shahrokni Armin , Molena Daniela
Published: August 2024

Background: Frailty, rather than age, is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine whether preoperative frailty as defined by a novel scoring system could predict the outcomes among older patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods: We identified patients 65 years or older who underwent esophagectomy between 2011 and 2021 at our institution. Frailty was assessed using the MSK-FI, which consists of 1 component related to functional status and 10 medical comorbidities. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to test for the associations between frailty and short-term outcomes, with continuous frailty score as the predictor and additionally adjusted for age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Results: In total, 447 patients were included in the analysis (median age of 71 years [interquartile range, 68–75]). Most of the patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment (81%), an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (86%), and minimally invasive surgery (55%). A total of 22 patients (4.9%) died within 90 days of surgery, 144 (32%) had a major complication, 81 (19%) were readmitted, and 31 (7.2%) were discharged to a facility. Of the patients who died within 90 days, 19 had a major complication, yielding a failure-to-rescue rate of 13%. The risk of 30-day major complications (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09–1.41]; p = 0.001), readmissions (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.13–1.52]; p < 0.001), and discharge to a facility (OR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.49–2.37]; p < 0.001) increased with increasing frailty. Frailty and 90-day mortality were not associated. Conclusions: Frailty assessment during surgery decision-making can identify patients with a high risk of morbidity.
A Rare Case of Breast Metastasis from a Primary Lung Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Diaz Raquel , Murelli Federica , Cuniolo Letizia , Cornacchia Chiara , Depaoli Francesca , Margarino Cecilia , Boccardo Chiara , Gipponi Marco , Franchelli Simonetta , Pesce Marianna , Massa Barbara , Bozzano Silvia , Barbero Valentina , Cian Franco De , Fregatti Piero
Published: August 2024

Breast metastasis originating from a primary lung tumor is exceedingly rare and can present challenges in distinguishing it from primary breast cancer. This case report discusses the management of a 64-year-old woman who initially presented with a nodule in her left breast. A biopsy revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Despite negative BRCA genetic testing, her significant family history of cancer and the presence of a newly detected right breast lesion led to a bilateral mastectomy. Post-operative imaging identified multiple hypodense nodules and a spiculated pulmonary nodule, necessitating further investigation. An endoscopic lung biopsy confirmed a primary pulmonary carcinoma with histological features similar to the breast carcinoma, suggesting the lung as the primary source. This case highlights the complexity of differentiating breast metastasis originating from a lung tumor and primary breast cancer. It underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and the consideration of extramammary origins in metastatic cases. The findings emphasize the role of multidisciplinary teams in managing such rare and challenging cases and highlight the necessity for thorough and repeated assessments in atypical breast cancer presentations.
Non-Operating Room Anesthesia (NORA) for Ultrasound-Guided Liver Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Jung Carlo Felix Maria , Liverani Elisa , Binda Cecilia , Cristofaro Ludovica , Gori Alberto , Alemanni Luigina Vanessa , Sartini Alessandro , Coluccio Chiara , Gibiino Giulia , Petraroli Chiara , Serra Carla , Fabbri Carlo
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well-studied treatment option for locally non-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Sedation is of crucial interest as it enables safe and pain-free procedures. Whether the type of sedation has an impact on procedural outcome is still not well investigated. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing liver RFA for various oncological conditions. Procedures were conducted in a non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) setting. Procedural-related complications and short-term oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five patients (mean age 71.5 y, 80% male) were treated for HCC (26), CRLM (6) and gastric cancer metastases (3). Mean lesion size was 21 mm (SD ± 10.1 mm), and the most common tumor localization was the right hepatic lobe. RFA was performed in a step-up sedation approach, with subcutaneous lidocaine injection prior to needle placement and subsequent deep sedation during ablation. No anesthesia-related early or late complications occurred. One patient presented with pleural effusion due to a large ablation zone and was treated conservatively. Local tumor-free survival after 1 and 6 months was 100% in all cases where a curative RFA approach was intended. Conclusions: NORA for liver RFA comes with high patient acceptance and tolerance, and optimal postoperative outcomes and oncologic results.