bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A eficácia da presença na cena contemporânea mediada pela tecnologia: o caso Play Me
Authors: Muniz Mariana Lima , Falci Carlos Henrique
Published: December 2018

Resumo Como pensar numa presença mediada pela tecnologia na cena teatral contemporânea e sua eficácia, enquanto efetuação de ações e afetos? Tal pergunta nos parece simplificar uma questão mais ampla e multifacetada. Pretendemos apresentar uma reflexão sobre a eficácia do conceito de presença no teatro a partir da análise da webvideoperformance Play Me de Rodrigo Campos em suas duas versões: para teatro e para internet. Propomo-nos a verificar como a noção de telepresença é capaz de sustentar uma multiplicidade de presenças no teatro.Abstract How to think of a technology-mediated presence in the contemporary theatrical scene and its efficacy as an effecting action and affection? We aim to present a reflection on the effectiveness of the concept of presence in the theatre from the analysis of the webvideoperformance Play Me by Rodrigo Campos in its two versions: for theatre and for the internet. We propose to verify how the notion of telepresence can sustain an enlargement of presences in theatre.Resumen ¿Cómo pensar en una presencia mediada por la tecnología en la escena teatral contemporánea y su eficacia como algo que efectúa acciones y afectos? Parece que esa pregunta nos vuelve más simple una cuestión más amplia y multifacética. Pretendemos presentar una reflexión sobre la eficacia del concepto de presencia en el teatro a partir del análisis de la webvideoperformance Play Me de Rodrigo Campos en sus dos versiones: para teatro y para Internet. Nos proponemos comprobar cómo la noción de telepresencia es capaz de sostener una multiplicidad de presencias en el teatro.
Webcam, sexo, espetáculo e vigilância: reflexões sobre a campanha Sweetie a partir da cultura visual
Authors: Petit Passos Sérvio Pablo , Martins Raimundo
Published: December 2018

ResumoAo desenvolver reflexões sobre experiências visuaiscontemporâneas relevantes para a Cultura Visual, este artigoutiliza a campanha Sweetie da ONG holandesa Terre desHommes, que denuncia o fenômeno do turismo sexual porwebcam. Discutimos a pornografia via webcam, sua relaçãocom o voyeurismo, narcisismo e exibicionismo analisando:o modo como espetáculo se confunde com vigilância evigilância se confunde com espetáculo na estrutura socialglobal possibilitada na web; relações de poder, de classe,gênero e etnia que marcam o turismo sexual via webcamdenunciado por Terre des Hommes; expectativas deveracidade que nutrimos em relação às imagens de webcam.E, por fim, discutimos interações com imagens de corpos quemenosprezam a ética em favor da estética ao explorar o desejode controle e a autoestimulação subjetiva de prazeres. Abstract In developing reflections about contemporary visualexperiences relevant to Visual Culture, this articleuses Sweetie , the campaign of the Dutch NGO Terredes Hommes  that denounces the phenomenon of sextourism by webcam. We discuss webcam pornography, itsrelationship with voyeurism, narcissism and exhibitionismanalyzing how spectacle is confused with surveillanceand surveillance is confused with spectacle in the globalsocial structure made possible on the web. Relations ofpower, class, gender and ethnicity mark the webcam sextourism denounced by Terre des Hommes  confrontingthe expectations of veracity we nourish for webcamimages. Finally, we discuss interactions with body imagesthat disparage ethics in favor of aesthetics by exploringthe desire for control and subjective self-stimulation ofpleasures. ResumenPara desarrollar reflexiones sobre experiencias visualescontemporáneas relevantes para la Cultura Visual, esteartículo utiliza la campaña Sweetie de la ONG holandesaTerre des Hommes que denuncia el fenómeno del turismosexual por webcam. Discutimos la pornografía por webcam,su relación con el voyeurismo, narcisismo y exhibicionismoanalizando como el espectáculo se confunde con vigilanciay vigilancia se confunde con espectáculo en la estructurasocial global posibilitada en la web. Relaciones de poder,de clase, género y etnia que marcan el turismo sexual porwebcam denunciado por Terre des Hommes confrontan lasexpectativas de veracidad que nutrimos en relación conimágenes de webcam. Por fin, discutimos interaccionescon imágenes de cuerpos que menosprecian ética a favorde la estética a explorar el deseo de control y la autoestimulaciónsubjetiva de placeres.
Apropriando-se de Johannes Vermeer: revisitando o século XVII
Authors: Susigam Cristina
Published: December 2018

Resumo Este artigo pretende discutir alguns procedimentosenvolvidos no conceito de apropriação, relacionando-ocom os vários diálogos que emergiram na cultura visualatual ao redor do pintor holandês Johannes Vermeer. Aideia de apropriação parte do princípio de que a culturae, especificamente, as imagens produzidas ao longo dos séculos nas artes plásticas nos pertencem e constroemconstantemente nossa imaginação. Ao invés de negar opassado para afirmar uma suposta originalidade, o artista contemporâneo não receia em recriar a partir de obras jáexistentes, criando assim um diálogo entre o passado e opresente. Iremos refletir qual o significado atribuído a este artista atualmente. Abstract This article intends to discuss some procedures involvedin the concept of appropriation, relating it to the variousdialogues that emerged in the current visual culturearound the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The idea ofappropriation assumes that the culture and specifically the images produced over the centuries in the visual artsbelong to us and constantly build our imagination. Ratherthan denying the past to assert an alleged originality, thecontemporary artist is not afraid to recreate from existing works, creating a dialogue between the past and thepresent. We will reflect on the significance attributed tothis artist today. Resumen Este artículo pretende discutir algunos procedimientosimplicados en el concepto de apropiación, relacionándoloa los diversos diálogos que surgieron en la cultura visualactual en torno al pintor holandés Johannes Vermeer. Laidea de apropiación supone que la cultura (específicamente, las imágenes producidas a lo largo de los siglos en las artesplásticas), nos pertenece y constantemente construye con nuestra imaginación. En lugar de negar el pasadopara reivindicar una presunta originalidad, el artistacontemporáneo no teme recrear partiendo de obrasexistentes, estableciendo un diálogo entre el pasado y elpresente. Vamos a reflexionar sobre el significado atribuido a este artista en la actualidad.
La vigencia de espigar en el Arte y la Cultura Visual
Authors: Miranda Somma Fernando
Published: December 2018

Resumen Este texto trabaja sobre la vigencia de la idea de quelos educadores y las educadoras tengan una actitud deespigadores de la cultura visual para su trabajo cotidiano,desde la escuela a la universidad, o en distintos ámbitospedagógicos. Repensando la noción de postproduccióneducativa, ya expresada en otros textos, se relevan seriesde televisión – como Black Mirror  o Homeland  –, obras deartistas visuales contemporáneos, y diversos anuncios quehacen a los imaginarios infantiles. El trabajo se estructurasobre las últimas aportaciones de autores como NicholasMirzoeff y Mieke Bal, enfocando la idea de la permanencia e importancia de los estudios de Cultura Visual. Resumo Este texto debruça-se sobre a validade da ideia de queos educadores tenham uma atitude de catadores dacultura visual para o seu trabalho cotidiano, da escola atéa universidade, ou em diferentes âmbitos pedagógicos.Repensando a noção de pós-produção educativa, jáexpressada em outros textos, se revisam séries de televisão– como Black Mirror  ou Homeland  –, obras de artistasvisuais contemporâneos e diversas propagandas quecompõem os imaginários infantis. O trabalho se estruturanas contribuições mais recentes de autores como NicholasMirzoeff e Mieke Bal, orientando a ideia da permanência e importância dos estudos de Cultura Visual. AbstractThis text works on the validity of the idea that educators have an attitude of gleaners of the visual culture for theirevery-day work, from the school to the university, or indifferent pedagogical realms. Rethinking the notion of educative postproduction, already expressed in other texts,this article reviews television series – such as Black Mirroror Homeland –, works of visual contemporary artists, andmany advertisements that make children's imaginaries. Thework is structured on the last contributions by authors likeNicholas Mirzoeff and Mieke Bal, focusing on the idea of the permanence and importance of Visual Culture studies
Practice of Maintenance Management of Infrastructures on Sports Stadia in Ghana
Authors: Chen Yinghua, , Sylvester Agyemang Prempeh Fredua , Bonsu Mandella Osei- Assibey , Minkah Andrews Yaw
Published: December 2018

The paper assessed the maintenance practices of traditional public stadia in Ghana. It also sought to evaluate the current state, causes, and effects of poor maintenance practices on the stadia. The study used structured questionnaires administered to 60 maintenance managers, equipment officers, and property officers. The questionnaire administration was done using the purposive sampling technique.  The findings show that failing to respond on time, routine inspection, stadium design and structure and utilization of unstandardized material were perceived by respondent as the main causes of poor maintenance practices. The findings of this study indicate that poor maintenance practices have effects on the full usage of the public stadia. The results clearly indicate that the grievances are mainly man-made.The paper contributes to the literature on the practices of maintenance of public infrastructure especially for West Africa countries and other emerging countries. The study may be great to professionals on the key activities in the esteem of best maintenance management practices on stadia in Ghana and beyond.
Quantitative Late Quaternary Climate Reconstruction from Plant Macrofossil Communities in Western North America
Authors: Harbert Robert S. , Nixon Kevin C.
Published: December 2018

The Late Quaternary packrat (Neotoma spp.) midden plant macrofossil record in western North America is an exceptional record of biotic change that provides strong evidence of past climate. In this study, we generate quantitative estimates of climate from plant community composition of more than 600 individual paleomiddens over the past 50,000 years. Here we present the first large-scale application of CRACLE (Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation), a quantitative climate inference method that uses plant community composition as a climate proxy under the individualistic concept of plant community assembly. The results are spatiotemporally specific estimates of temperature, precipitation, available moisture, and seasonal patterns that are consistent with well understood global climate patterns but provide previously unavailable detail and precision of the regional paleoclimate in western North America. Rapid warming is estimated at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, at a conservative estimate of ca. 1°C per millennium. Previously projected future temperature increases suggest a rate of increase of more than 2°C over the next century, an astonishing 10× the rate experienced at any point during the past 50,000 years in Western North America. These analyses form a baseline demonstration of how the growing paleoecological record of packrat midden plant macrofossils can provide quantitative estimates of paleoclimate that aid in understanding the complexities of, and biotic responses to the regional climate system. This work is the first synthetic application of any paleoclimate estimation method to packrat midden plant macrofossils.
Reflecting on and Articulating Teaching Experiences: Academics Learning to Teach in Practice
Authors: Sandoff Mette , Nilsson Kerstin , Apelgren Britt-Marie , Frisk Sylva , Booth Shirley
Published: December 2018

Higher education teaching demands theoretical and practical knowledge. It goes without saying, a strong knowledge of one’s subject is essential. But while teaching principles are generally gleaned from short courses, it is one’s own teaching that offer the main ground for gaining practical teaching knowledge. To examine this claim we have conducted an interview-study in which Swedish business administration academics have described where they learned something about their teaching. An interpretative analysis led to six different lessons learned, ranging from the personal, through the pedagogical, to the interpersonal. We claim there are three necessary opportunities to turn the experience into an occasion for learning: reflection over experience, the opportunity to articulate one’s experience, and a forum for sharing; particularly experiences connected with risk-taking. We conclude that academics need opportunities to reflect on and articulate their learning experiences related to the practices of teaching, and to share and discuss them with colleagues.
Assessing the Relationship between Efficiency, Capital and Risk of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Nazmoon
Published: December 2018

Increased competition and problem loan in the banking sectors force banks to operate its activities more efficiently. However, bank’s efficiency, capital and risk are interrelated. The present study is made on assessing the inter-temporal relationship between efficiency, capital and risk of commercial banks in Bangladesh during the period 2011-2016 by setting simultaneous equation. The study uses three-stage least square model (3SLS) and dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) model to estimate efficiency-capital-risk relationship. The study reports that both models provide consistent result regarding the relationship of bank’s operational efficiency with capital and risk and inconsistent result about the relationship between capital and risk. The study concludes that a U-shaped relationship is exited in the 3SLS model of efficiency-capital-risk relationship as banks’ operational efficiency and risk have positive relationship with capital and bank size, indicating that with increased capital and bank size, bank’s operational efficiency is improved at decreasing rate due to increase in bank’s risk.
Factors Influencing Consumers' Intention to Use Mobile Applications for Online Shopping in the Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
Authors: Alatawy Khald S.
Published: December 2018

This study examines factors influencing consumers' intention to use mobile applications for online shopping in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The research employed quantitative methodology, using study sample consisting of 150 participants randomly selected from the Saudi community. A questionnaire was developed to collect the primary data, resulting in one hundred (100) usable responses, i.e. a response rate of 66.67% (100/150). The collected data was subsequently analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS) and the Amos programme, to establish the path of the independent variables using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study results identified the following: firstly, a positive or strong significant correlation between subjective norms and customer intention to use mobile applications for online shopping in KSA. Secondly, a positive, significant correlation between customer intention and the use of mobile applications for online shopping in KSA. Thirdly, that Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) had a negative correlation with customer intention to mobile applications for online shopping in KSA. Finally, that that the main factors influencing consumers' intention to use mobile applications for online shopping in KSA consisted of: (1) attitude; (2) perceived behaviour control; (3) subjective norms; and (4) perceived trust. This research therefore contributes to the current literature by offering important evidence of how key players in the Saudi e-commerce sector can leverage consumers' intention to use mobile applications for online shopping in KSA. Due to its contribution to the picture of customer intentions towards online shopping in KSA, this study has significance for the Saudi e- commerce sector, online shopping companies and technological sector, as well as for online consumers.
Entrepreneurship and Economic Performance in Africa: A Sectoral Analysis with Focus on the Role of Finance, Institutions and Globalization
Authors: Nnyanzi John Bosco , Yawe Bruno L. , Ddumba-Ssentamu John
Published: December 2018

The main aim of the paper was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship on economic performance but with focus on sector-wide growth in 12 selected African countries during the period 2006-2016. Overall, the results suggest that while the quantitative impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth is positively significant, there is a differential effect on the sectors. The service sector in particular is associated positively with entrepreneurship whereas there is no evidence in the data that the growth in the manufacturing and agriculture sectors is influenced by entrepreneurship activities. A further analysis that includes interactions in the model supports the conditionality hypothesis that globalization as well as the quality of institutions and financial development matter in the entrepreneurship-growth nexus. In addition, while internet access and government consumption appear beneficial for the manufacturing and service sectors, the role of personal remittances is observed important for the agriculture sector contribution to GDP whereas trade in services matters for each sector but most significantly in the latter sector. In light of the findings policy recommendations are suggested.
Isomorfismo normativo e redes na pesquisa científica brasileira
Authors: Cardoso Thiago Rafael Nogueira , Bernardino Crystyane Ferreira , Araújo Uajará Pessoa
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender a dinâmica dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu do Brasil: Administração na Fundação Getúlio Vargas em São Paulo (FGV-SP) e Clínica Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e entender as prováveis respostas à normatização da Capes. A investigação empregou métodos sócio-bibliométricos, teorias institucionais e as de rede, discutindo a evolução da produção científica dos programas no período de 2004 a 2016, e utilizando os testes estruturais da teoria de redes como (scale-free, small-world, centro periferia e homofilia). O método utilizado teve uma abordagem objetivista. Conclui-se ao avaliar as redes que existe indícios de isomorfismo normativo. As redes apresentam características diferentes em sua composição e reagem de forma diferente aos testes propostos. A adaptação às normatizações pode se dar através de autoria espúria, sendo este estudo importante para contribuição neste campo.
Empoderamiento comunitario y redes personales en damnificados por desastres invernales en el caribe colombiano
Authors: Marenco-Escuderos Ailed Daniela , Rambal-Rivaldo Laura Isabel , Palacio-Sañudo Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2018

En las situaciones de desastre se observan cambios en la participación comunitaria de las víctimas – en su sentido de comunidad, participación y empoderamiento. Sin embargo, este cambio puede ser favorable o no para las personas de acuerdo a cómo se configuran sus redes personales en cada situación. De allí que nos preguntamos para los damnificados por el invierno en el caribe colombiano la asociación entre los indicadores estructurales de sus redes sociales personales y su nivel de empoderamiento comunitario. Para esto se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo de estrategia asociativa-comparativa transversal con 151 damnificados por inundación en el Municipio de Repelón (Departamento del Atlántico-Norte de Colombia). Respondieron a una matriz de datos reticulares para identificar las redes personales y a la subescala de “competencias de liderazgo” (incluida en la Sociopolitical Control Scale) para el empoderamiento comunitario. Se encontró que las características estructurales de las redes presentan una gran dispersión, pero con lazos fuertes que suelen estar compuestas por amigos y familiares. El nivel de empoderamiento fue en general muy bajo. No se encontró asociación entre el nivel de empoderamiento, género, nivel de formación y los indicadores estructurales de las redes sociales personales, sin embargo, se proponen líneas de desarrollo futuro sobre las cuales plantear posibles procesos de potenciación de los niveles de empoderamiento en la comunidad.
Diversity management and building the image and reputation of a family business
Authors: Gołacka Dr Elwira Gross-
Published: December 2018

The objective of the article is to present the relations between the issue of building the image and repu-
tation of a company and the concept of diversity management, determined by values and standards, fulfilled and developed with the attempt to managing human resources in the organisation. The article thesis reads: there is a relationship between building the image and reputation of a company, which is vital for the correct functioning of the organisation and the concept of diversity management. The Author points out to the importance of pro-ethical and pro-human behaviour in organisation management and its influence on building the value of the company. A significant role in creating the image and reputation of the organisation can be played by the concept of diversity management.
Transport and sustainability
Authors: Chrzanowski Prof. dr hab. Ignacy H.
Published: December 2018

The transport system will not be sustainable if its development over the next 20-30 years will not be based on the three pillars of sustainable development (economy, society, envi-ronment) integrated into a single concept. Sustainable development must also be bearable, fair and feasible. The article is the voice in the debate on this currently vital subject and at the same time encourages such a discussion.
Tools to Create Appropriate Perception of CSR and PR Practitioners Support
Authors: Hlushko Oleh
Published: December 2018

The article aggregates a variety of tools aimed to boost awareness and understanding of social responsibility among different groups of shareholders. At the same time the re-search shows a list of tools applicable for public relations (PR) practitioners (not only) to disseminate and promote corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper emphasizes two groups of tools as qualitative and quantitative. All the tools were analyzed according to the scope of needed activities and interpreted in terms of applicability to the CSR goals.
Globalny kryzys a zachowania polskich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Gołębiowski Tomasz
Published: December 2018

Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność polskich przedsiębiorstw w okresie globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego i po jego wystąpieniu
Note from the Editor
Authors: Kumik Ewa
Published: December 2018

Note from the Editor
On disintegration of the Emil Jaques-Dalcroze method in the Polish music education system. Reflections on the role of Dalcroze’s solfeggio in a 1st-level music school
Authors: Pasternak Anetta , Trzepierczyńska Agata
Published: December 2018

The method of Emil Jaques-Dalcroze’s eurhythmics combines the three integral, equivalent aspects: eurhythmics, solfeggio and improvisation, which complement each other and thus constitute a coherent, comprehensive and multi-sensory method of music education. The method was successfully transplanted onto the Polish music education system and appeared in curricula for grades 1-3 of the 1st-level music schools in 1976 as an integrated subject named ‘music learning with eurhythmics.’ In 2nd-level music schools, eurhythmics faculties were opened as early as in the 1950s and initiated the training process of future specialists in the Dalcroze method. Finally, as a result of numerous reforms in music education system, the primary school subject was decomposed into ‘eurhythmics’ and ‘aural training.’ The decision on separating the subjects disturbed the concept of an integral training process, included within Dalcroze’s method. This was due to the fact that Dalcroze’s solfeggio took secondary priority to other methods used in aural training, as it is currently possible for music theorists and other specialists to give lessons in this subject. Therefore, two important questions should be asked:
1. Does the reduction of the solfeggio role undermine the entire concept of Dalcroze’s eurhythmics nowadays?
2. Is the use of movement in aural training still necessary?
Report from the 5th All-Polish Academic Conference
of the ‘Contexts of Music Education’ series
Authors: Kumik Ewa
Published: December 2018

Report from the 5th All-Polish Academic Conference
of the ‘Contexts of Music Education’ series
Report from the 6th International Conference for Music Therapy Students
in Wrocław
Authors: Kukiełczyńska-Krawczyk Klaudia
Published: December 2018

Report from the 6th International Conference for Music Therapy Students
in Wrocław
Retrieval activities on the Franken shipwreck
Authors: Hac Benedykt
Published: December 2018

On 23rd-28th April 2018, an expedition was carried out to the German tanker FRANKEN, located in the central part of the Gdansk Bay. The purpose of this expedition was to gather as many photos, videos and information as possible, which after processing could be used to produce a coherent, technical description of the wreck.
The main purpose of the project is to present the outcome of the expedition. This outcome is a compilation of the measurement data, the photographic material as well as the samples collected at the sea bottom, next to the Franken wreck, according to the objective set in the project.
The analysis of the activities carried out and the research results are intended to contribute to achieving the two main objectives of the project:
· to reduce the possibility of ecological disaster in the Gdańsk Bay through the development and preparation of the best technical and environmentally safe recovery plan of the oil remaining in the Franken shipwreck and,
· to mobilise the political will of the maritime administration in the region, where the wreck is located as well as political decision-makers to take over the responsibility for securing the wreck and to undertake actions mitigating the risk of a large oil spill in the Gdansk Bay.
The preparation of the Action Plan for cleaning of the shipwreck will help to show the decision-makers the scale of this undertaking.
BASIC PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION DISABLED PEOPLE IN POLAND AND VETERANS WHO WERE INJURED IN ACTIONS OUTSIDE THE BORDERS OF THE STATE
Authors: Narloch Jacek , Kajtarek Łukasz
Published: December 2018

The typology of disability is presented and the ambiguity of the definition is discussed. The social and not only individual problem of supporting people with disabilities (disabled people – DP) is pointed out there. There is a special group of people whose disability is connected with fulfilling duties in peacekeeping missions outside the country i.e. aggrieved veterans (AV). The state of ensuring the personal and social security of both groups – DP and AV – is presented preliminarily in the light of the legal regulations in Poland and the functioning of Polish governmental and non-governmental institutions.
SCOPE AND CHARACTER OF LEGAL REGULATIONS OF THE COMMON SELF-DEFENSE IN POLAND
Authors: Szanter Piotr
Published: December 2018

The common self-defense is an important tool for the implementation of tasks related to civil protection in the conditions of military threats, but also for various types of cataclysms. In the light of international law, it is an important element of civil defense, and its scope and character are regulated by internal legal regulations. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the scope and nature of legal regulations of the institutions of the common self-defense in Poland. The author analyzed the inclusion of the above issues in laws, governments ordinances and acts of local law.
A CONSTRUCTIVIST VISION OF SECURITY
Authors: Urbanek Andrzej
Published: December 2018

In the article its author has attempted to systematize various concepts and ways of approaching the issue of security by representatives of political constructivism. Constructivism is a relatively young concept, which emerged as an alternative to liberalism and political realism. The article presents the main assumptions of the constructivist vision of security, the approach to security by representatives of conventional and critical constructivism, as well as the concept of ontological security developed by constructivists.
Quantification du décrochage scolaire au Québec et en France : effets de perspective et jeux d’échelle1
Authors: Moulin Stéphane , Verdier Éric , Doray Pierre , Prévost Jean-Guy
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse les instruments de quantification de l’action publique contre le décrochage scolaire en France et au Québec. Cette comparaison d’une instrumentation replacée dans son contexte national permet de s’interroger sur les effets de perspective engendrés par le recours à une grande variété d’outils de quantification. L’évaluation de l’ampleur du phénomène appelle une démarche multiscalaire : nationale certes, mais indissociablement supranationale et régionale, ou même locale. Il s’avère que les exigences de l’instrumentation statistique se sont déplacées au cours du temps d’une priorité donnée à la comparaison interétatique vers une priorité donnée à l’estimation d’indicateurs régionaux ou locaux en vue de mobiliser et d’outiller les acteurs de terrain. Est ainsi révélé le rôle politique de la variété des définitions (des mises en équivalence), des indicateurs (fréquences ou pourcentages), des échelles d’ordonnancement et seuils de comparaison : ils fournissent in fine des répertoires rhétoriques aux acteurs nationaux et régionaux qu’ils mobilisent tantôt pour accréditer l’urgence d’agir tantôt pour démontrer l’efficacité de l’action entreprise.
What do we mean by the directions “cranial” and “caudal” on a vertebra?
Authors: Taylor Michael P , Wedel Matthew J
Published: December 2018

In illustrating vertebrae, it is important to consistently depict their orientation, so we can objectively assess and compare the slope of the neural arch, neural canal, or articular surfaces. However, differing vertebral shapes across taxa and across regions of the spinal column make it difficult to maintain consistency, or even define what we mean by the directions “cranial” and “caudal”. Consequently, characters such as “Neural arch slopes cranially 30° relative to the vertical” are disputable rather than objective measurements.

Cranial and caudal are defined as directed along the horizontal, but several different notions of “horizontal” are possible:

1. Long axis of centrum is horizontal. This is appealing for elongate vertebrae such as sauropod cervicals, but is difficult to determine for craniocaudally short vertebrae such as most caudals.

2. Articular facets of centrum are vertical. Difficult to determine when dealing with facets that are concave or (worse) convex; and ambiguous for “keystoned” vertebrae in which the facets are not parallel.

3. Neural canal is horizontal. Anatomically informative, but difficult to determine in vertebrae that have not been fully prepared or CT-scanned, and impossible to see in lateral view. Ambiguous for vertebrae where the dorsal and ventral margins of the canal are not parallel.

4. When two instances of the vertebra are optimally articulated, the same points are at the same height on both. This is less intuitive than definitions 1–3, but more precise and can be determined for any vertebra.

We advocate explicitly stating a definition and using it consistently.
The effects of change decomposition on code review - a controlled experiment
Authors: di Biase Marco , Bruntink Magiel , van Deursen Arie , Bacchelli Alberto
Published: December 2018

Background. Code review is a cognitively demanding and time-consuming process. Previous qualitative studies hinted at how decomposing change sets into multiple yet internally coherent ones would improve the reviewing process. So far, no quantitative analysis of this hypothesis has been provided.

Aims. (1) Quantitatively measure the effects of change decomposition on the outcome of code review (in terms of number of found defects, wrongly reported issues, suggested improvements, time, and understanding); (2) Qualitatively analyze how subjects approach the review and navigate the code, building knowledge and addressing existing issues, in large vs. decomposed changes.

Method. Controlled experiment using the pull-based development model involving 28 software developers among professionals and graduate students.

Results. Change decomposition leads to fewer wrongly reported issues, influences how subjects approach and conduct the review activity (by increasing context-seeking), yet impacts neither understanding the change rationale nor the number of found defects.

Conclusions. Change decomposition reduces the noise for subsequent data analyses but also significantly supports the tasks of the developers in charge of reviewing the changes. As such, commits belonging to different concepts should be separated, adopting this as a best practice in software engineering.
Conserved and divergent development of brainstem vestibular and auditory nuclei
Authors: Lipovsek Marcela , Wingate Richard JT
Published: December 2018

Vestibular function was established early in vertebrates and has remained, for the most part, unchanged. In contrast, each group of tetrapods underwent independent evolutionary processes to solve the problem of hearing on land, resulting in a remarkable mixture of conserved, divergent and convergent features that define extant auditory systems. The vestibuloacoustic nuclei of the hindbrain develop from a highly conserved ground plan and provide an ideal framework on which to address the participation of developmental processes to the evolution of neuronal circuits. We employed an electroporation strategy to unravel the contribution of two dorsoventral and four axial lineages to the development of the chick hindbrain vestibular and auditory nuclei. We compare the chick developmental map with recently established genetic fate-maps of the developing mouse hindbrain. Overall, we find considerable conservation of developmental origin for the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, a comparative analysis of the developmental origin of hindbrain auditory structures echoes the complex evolutionary history of the auditory system. In particular, we find that the developmental origin of the chick auditory interaural time difference circuit supports its emergence from an ancient vestibular network, unrelated to the analogous mammalian counterpart.
Evoked transients of pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter reveal dopamine hot spots in the globus pallidus
Authors: Meszaros Jozsef , Cheung Timothy , Erler Maya M , Kang Un Jung , Sames Dalibor , Kellendonk Christoph , Sulzer David
Published: December 2018

Dopamine neurotransmission is suspected to play important physiological roles in multiple sparsely innervated brain nuclei, but there has not been a means to measure synaptic dopamine release in such regions. The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a major locus in the basal ganglia that displays a sparse innervation of en passant dopamine axonal fibers. Due to the low levels of innervation that preclude electrochemical analysis, it is unknown if these axons engage in neurotransmission. To address this, we introduce an optical approach using a pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter, FFN102, that exhibits increased fluorescence upon exocytosis from the acidic synaptic vesicle to the neutral extracellular milieu. In marked contrast to the striatum, FFN102 transients in the mouse GPe were spatially heterogeneous and smaller than in striatum with the exception of sparse hot spots. GPe transients were also significantly enhanced by high frequency stimulation. Our results support hot spots of dopamine release from substantia nigra axons.
Undervisning og veiledning ved studentopphold i utviklingsland
Authors: Dybdahl Ragnhild , Christensen Astrid
Published: December 2018

We reflect on our experiences supervising students from Norwegian universities when they have intern-ships or do research projects in vulnerable contexts or low- and middle income countries (LMIC). Such stays may provide great opportunities for learning and for engaging in global action for sustainable devel-opment. However, there are also a number of challenges, including; unpredictability; poor governance and lack of available welfare structures; safety and security risks; as well as inequality and power differ-ences. We discuss the necessary preparation and supervision of students. Major questions are when, where and how to engage. Lessons learnt from international development cooperation appear useful, including relevance of activity, effectiveness and, efficiency, and sustainability. The choice of site and activity emerges as a primary concern; in particular partnerships and partner assessment. The role and responsibility of the university and the hosts in developing countries are central. Based on these reflections and our ex-periences, we propose a checklist to be used in selecting sites and assessing student projects suitability.
Appraising the Ingredients of the Interpreter/Researcher Relationship
Authors: Baily Supriya
Published: December 2018

In this study, we address how student teachers can facilitate democratic engagement in school. The demo-cratic engagement is seen through the lenses of an increasingly digital world through which both teachers and children live in. 42 third-year student teachers systematically prepared to use social media as an illus-trative pedagogical tool in their practice placement period. By using the notions of “thin” and “thick” de-mocracy, we are analyzing student teachers’ understanding of democracy and democratic engagement. Our findings suggest that the students view democracy in a thin way, and this lack of democratic competence may influence their classroom practices as future teachers. The Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture was used to analyse the student teachers’ competence to connect the use of social media as a digital and pedagogical tool in promoting democratic engagement. The findings disclose that students vary in their capacity to make use of social media when promoting democratic en-gagement. In our closing discussion, we argue that these results, primarily, pose serious challenges for teacher education.
Analysis of the Available Project Management Methodologies
Authors: Jovanovic Petar , Beric Ivana
Published: December 2018

The paper is an analysis of the available project management methodologies from the standpoint of their applicability. Our aim is to establish specific characteristics of the today available methodologies (PMS, APM, PRINCE2, YUPMA, etc.) that can ensure realistic foundations on which an adequate methodology for a certain group of similar projects can be defined. The use of an adequate project management methodology brings a numerous advantages and benefits to project manager and project team and it shows them the right route towards project completion. This paper gives a review of the most recognizable methodologies proposed and implemented in the project management practice. Specific features of these methodologies were analysed bearing in mind the possibilities of implementation. It was found that general characteristics of traditional methodologies (PMI, IPMA, APM,YUPMA) make them more adequate to be implemented in larger and more complex projects such as: investment, military, manufacturing, overhaul, etc. projects. On the other hand, general characteristics of agile methodologies lead to a conclusion that these methodologies are more suitable to use for IT projects as well as for some smaller and less complex projects, such as devising various studies, project reports, etc. The research presented in this paper should be treated as a basis for further research oriented towards defining specific methodologies adequate for certain groups of similar projects.
Transposons and pathogenicity inXanthomonas: acquisition of murein lytic transglycosylases by TnXax1enhancesXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri306 virulence and fitness
Authors: Oliveira Amanda C.P. , Ferreira Rafael M. , Ferro Maria Inês T. , Ferro Jesus A. , Chandler Mick , Varani Alessandro M.
Published: December 2018

Xanthomonas citrisubsp.citri306 (XccA) is the causal agent of type A citrus canker (CC), one of the most significant citriculture diseases. Murein lytic transglycosylases (LT), potentially involved in XccA pathogenicity, are enzymes responsible for peptidoglycan structure assembly, remodeling and degradation. They directly impact cell wall expansion during bacterial growth, septum division allowing cell separation, cell wall remodeling allowing flagellar assembly, bacterial conjugation, muropeptide recycling, and secretion system assembly, in particular the Type 3 Secretion System involved in bacterial virulence, which play a fundamental role in XccA pathogenicity. Information about the XccA LT arsenal is patchy: little is known about family diversity, their exact role or their connection to virulence in this bacterium. Among the LTs with possible involvement in virulence, two paralogue open reading frames (ORFs) (one on the chromosome and one in plasmid pXAC64) are passenger genes of the Tn3family transposon TnXax1, known to play a significant role in the evolution and emergence of pathogenicity inXanthomonadalesand to carry a variety of virulence determinants. This study addresses LT diversity in the XccA genome and examines the role of plasmid and chromosomal TnXax1LT passenger genes using site-directed deletion mutagenesis and functional characterization. We identified 13 XccA LTs: 12 belong to families 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D (two copies), 1F, 1G, 3A, 3B (two copies), 5A, 6A and one which is non-categorized. The non-categorized LT is exclusive to theXanthomonasgenus and related to the 3B family but contains an additional domain linked to carbohydrate metabolism. The categorized LTs are probably involved in cell wall remodeling to allow insertion of type 3, 4 and 6 secretion systems, flagellum assembly, division and recycling of cell wall and degradation and control of peptidoglycan production. The TnXax1passenger LT genes (3B family) are not essential to XccA or for CC development but are implicated in peptidoglycan metabolism, directly impacting bacterial fitness and CC symptom enhancement in susceptible hosts (e.g.,Citrus sinensis). This underlines the role of TnXax1as a virulence and pathogenicity-propagating agent in XccA and suggests that LT acquisition by horizontal gene transfer mediated by TnXax1may improve bacterial fitness, conferring adaptive advantages to the plant-pathogen interaction process.
A RELAÇÃO DO SETOR INDUSTRIAL COM A MUDANÇA DO CLIMA: UMA AVALIAÇÃO CIENCIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Barbosa Hugo De Oliveira , Gomes Leonardo Fernandes , Pereira Hasley Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

O mundo está em alerta em relação às mudanças ambientais globais, seus efeitos sobre a biodiversidade e na capacidade de resiliência dos ecossistemas, o que leva à necessidade de pesquisas que proponham medidas mitigatórias, principalmente do setor industrial, para esses impactos antrópicos. Por meio de uma avaliação cienciométrica, as tendências globais de publicações sobre o clima em um contexto industrial foram investigadas. Nos últimos anos, um crescente número de pesquisas aborda as contribuições do setor industrial nas mudanças climáticas e as propostas de políticas públicas para mitigação dessas alterações. Esses resultados mostram que apesar das barreiras para a implementação dessas medidas de redução na emissão de gases de efeito estufa e inúmeras incertezas, mudanças nos modelos de produção industrial e nos padrões de consumo da sociedade, em nível global, são indispensáveis para o futuro do planeta.
Тексты на говоре заза района Батуми. Предисловие, публикация, примечания З.А. Юсуповой, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Курдоев К.К. , Юсупова З.А.
Published: December 2018

Настоящая публикация содержит фольклорные тексты (с транскрипцией и русским переводом), собранные К.К. Курдоевым в 1939 г. в Закавказье, куда он был командирован Институтом этнографии АН СССР. Записаны тексты из уст курдов заза - беженцев из Турецкого (Северного) Курдистана, проживавших в то время в Советской Аджарии (в окрестностях г. Батуми).
Caminhos do simbolismo: passos da pesquisa de campo na Geografia cultural
Authors: Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro de , Machado Ivna Carolinne Bezerra , Rocha Marcos Da Silva
Published: December 2018

O propósito principal deste artigo é o de apresentar os resultados de uma reflexão sobre desafios e proposições acerca de trabalhos de campo que são parte de pesquisas assentadas na Geografia cultural. As pesquisas elencadas possuem como foco de investigação os fenômenos religiosos expressos no espaço e em constante movimento. A questão matriz neste estudo é: como ler os diversos aspectos das manifestações religiosas de maneira colaborativa aos estudos? Partindo deste questionamento e apoiados numa bibliografia que perpassa por autores clássicos e contemporâneos da Geografia cultural, elaboramos uma proposição teórico-metodológica que divide os trabalhos de campo em três momentos distintos: pré-campo, em-campo e pós-campo. Portanto, propõe-se pensar os trabalhos de campo na Geografia cultural considerando essa trilogia temporal como suporte na leitura dos cenários símbolos que são, por sua vez, uma construção teórico-metodológica que classifica os cenários religiosos de acordo com os movimentos presentes e as simbologias que estes carregam, a saber: i) Estátua-Totem; ii) Festa-Ritual; iii) Itinerário-Via Sacra; iv) Gruta-Altar; v) Templo-Lar; e vi) Evento-Jubileu. Considera-se nesta construção a reflexão teórica em diálogo com os esforços empíricos; desta forma, estas categorias, embora separadas tipologicamente, interagem profundamente entre si.

Abstract

PATHS OF SYMBOLISM: STEPS OF FIELD RESEARCH IN CULTURAL GEOGRAFHY

The main purpose of this article is to present the results of a reflection on challenges and propositions about fieldwork that are part of research based on Cultural Geography. The researched surveys are focused on the religious phenomena expressed in space and in constant movement. The main question in this study is: how to read the various aspects of religious manifestations collaboratively to the studies? Starting from this questioning and supported in a bibliography that perpasses by classical and contemporary authors of the Cultural Geography we elaborate a theoretical-methodological proposition that divides the fieldworks in three distinct moments: pre-field, in-field and post-field. Therefore, it is proposed to think the fieldworks in Cultural Geography considering this temporal trilogy as support in the reading of the scenarios-symbols that are, in turn, a theoretical-methodological construction that classifies the religious scenarios according to the present movements and the symbologies that they carry, namely: Statue-Totem; ii) Party-Ritual; iii) Itinerary-Sacred Way; iv) Grotto-Altar; v) Temple-Home; and vi) Event Jubilee. It is considered in this construction the theoretical reflection in dialogue with the empirical efforts, thus, these categories, although separated typologically interact deeply each other.