bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-ray powder diffraction investigation of new high temperature polymorphs of CaTeO3 and CaTe2O5
Authors: Tripathi S. N. , Mishra R. , Mathews M. D. , Namboodiri P. N.
Published: July 2002

X-ray powder diffraction investigation of the new high temperature polymorphs beta- and gamma-CaTeO3 and gamma- and delta-CaTe2O5 and picnometric measurements of the room temperature phases of the two compounds have been carried out. The study led to the elucidation of their unit cell structures and assignment of entirely new lattice types and parameters to the room temperature phases of CaTeO3 and CaTe2O5 in contrast and supersession to the existing structural information. The results are as follows: CaTeO3 has only one stable phase at room temperature and temperatures up to 882 °C, i.e., α- and has a triclinic unit cell with a=4.132±0.003 Å, b=6.120±0.006 Å, c=12.836±0.013 Å, α=121.80°, β=99.72°, γ=97.26°. The first high temperature phase stable between 882 and 894 °C, i.e., β-CaTeO3, has a monoclinic lattice: a=20.577±0.007 Å, b=21.857±0.009 Å, c=4.111±0.002 Å, β=96.15°, while the next phase stable above 894 °C, i.e., γ-CaTeO3, has a hexagonal unit cell with parameters: a=14.015±0.0001 Å, c=9.783±0.001 Å, c/a=0.698. CaTe2O5 has one stable phase at temperatures up to 802 °C, i.e., α-CaTe2O5 with a monoclinic lattice and parameters: a=9.069±0.002 Å, b=25.175±0.007 Å, c=3.366±0.001 Å, β=98.29 °. The first high temperature phase stable in the range 802–845°, i.e., β-CaTe2O5, is monoclinic with unit cell parameters: a=4.146±0.001 Å, b=5.334±0.002 Å, c=6.105±0.002 Å, β=98.362 °; the next higher temperature phase stable over 845–857 °C, i.e., γ-CaTe2O5, has an orthorhombic unit cell with: a=8.638±0.001 Å, b=9.291±0.001 Å, c=7.862±0.001 Å and the highest temperature solid phase stable above 857 °C, i.e., δ-CaTe2O5 has a tetragonal unit cell with a=5.764±0.000 Å, c=32.074±0.020 Å, c/a=5.5637.
Unblocking Oxygen Charge Compensation for Stabilized High‐Voltage Structure in P2‐Type Sodium‐Ion Cathode
Authors: Zhu He , Yao Zhenpeng , Zhu Hekang , Huang Yalan , Zhang Jian , Li Cheng Chao , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Ren Yang , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Zhou Hua , Fan Longlong , Chen Yanan , Xia Hui , Gu Lin , Lan Si , Liu Qi
Published: March 2022

Layered transition‐metal (TM) oxides are ideal hosts for Li+ charge carriers largely due to the occurrence of oxygen charge compensation that stabilizes the layered structure at high voltage. Hence, enabling charge compensation in sodium layered oxides is a fascinating task for extending the cycle life of sodium‐ion batteries. Herein a Ti/Mg co‐doping strategy for a model P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material is put forward to activate charge compensation through highly hybridized O2pTM3d covalent bonds. In this way, the interlayer OO electrostatic repulsion is weakened upon deeply charging, which strongly affects the systematic total energy that transforms the striking P2–O2 interlayer contraction into a moderate solid‐solution‐type evolution. Accordingly, the cycling stability of the codoped cathode material is improved superiorly over the pristine sample. This study starts a perspective way of optimizing the sodium layered cathodes by rational structural design coupling electrochemical reactions, which can be extended to widespread battery researches.
Thickness‐Driven Morphotropic Phase Transition in Metastable Ferroelectric CaTiO3 Films
Authors: Lee Ji Hye , Kim Hong Joon , Ryoo Eunjo , Jang Jinhyuk , Kim Sanghyeon , Kim Jeong Rae , Park Se Young , Choi Si‐Young , Noh Tae Won , Lee Daesu
Published: March 2022

The intimate coexistence of multiple phases in ferroelectrics has been shown to result in exotic electromechanical properties, such as giant piezoelectricity. Here, via a thickness‐driven phase transition, the phase coexistence and enhanced piezoelectricity in a few tens of nanometers thick, Pb‐free CaTiO3 films are demonstrated. Due to the competition between interfacial and bulk energies, as film thickness increases, epitaxial CaTiO3 films exhibit a ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition that is concomitant with the rhombohedral‐to‐orthorhombic structural transition. This so‐called thickness‐driven morphotropic phase transition (MPT) in nanoscale CaTiO3 films stems from the metastable nature of ferroelectricity. The resulting morphotropic phase boundary at the atomic scale in nanoscale CaTiO3 films is visualized. It is also shown that this thickness‐driven MPT can lead to reasonably good piezoelectricity at the nanoscale. This study highlights the rich phase evolution of complex ferroelectrics as a novel platform to control the functionality of nanoscale electromechanical devices.
Reduced Stochastic Resistive Switching in Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Memristors by Vapor‐Phase Infiltration
Authors: Subramanian Ashwanth , Tiwale Nikhil , Kisslinger Kim , Nam Chang‐Yong
Published: March 2022

Resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) is promising for next‐generation data storage and non‐von Neumann computing hardware. However, tuning device switching characteristics and particularly, controlling their stochastic variation remain as critical challenges. Here, new organic‐inorganic hybrid RRAM media are reported whose bipolar switching characteristics and stochasticity can be controlled by vapor‐phase infiltration (VPI), an ex situ hybridization technique derived from atomic layer deposition. Hybrid RRAMs based on AlOx‐infiltrated SU‐8 feature facile tunability of device switching voltages, off‐state current, and on‐off ratio by adjusting the amount of infiltrated AlOx in the hybrid. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the stochastic, cycle‐to‐cycle variations of switching parameters is enabled by AlOx infiltration, driven by the infiltration‐induced changes in mechanical, dielectric, and chemical properties of organic medium and their influence on the dimension and formation characteristics of conductive filaments. Finally, multi‐level analog switching potentially useful for neuromorphic applications are demonstrated, along with direct, one‐step device patterning exploiting the negative‐tone resist feature of SU‐8. With the demonstrated control over switching characteristics and stochastic variation, combined with analog switching and one‐step patterning capabilities, the results not only present a novel hybrid medium for RRAM applications but also showcase the utility of VPI for developing new, high‐performance hybrid RRAM devices.
Discovery in Aid of Foreign Arbitration Proceedings Unfairly Imposes Tremendous Costs on U.S. Companies
Authors: Ho Derek T. , Pfeffer Eliana M.
Published: March 2022

By the time this article is published, the Supreme Court will have heard March 23 arguments in two consolidated cases involving the application of 28 U.S.C. § 1782: ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd., No. 21‐401 (U.S. Supreme Court docket page, with the parties’ and amicus briefs available at https://bit.ly/3EW1FOp), and AlixPartners, LLC v. Fund for Protection of Investor Rights in Foreign States, No. 21‐518 (original docket filings available at https://bit.ly/3JDufYD, but the case has been consolidated at the ZF Automotive docket page linked above as of the Dec. 10 cert grants).
Mechanical properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol‐based solid electrolytes
Authors: Orisekeh Kingsley , Anye Vitalis , Oyewole Oluwaseun , Ahmed Ridwan , Orisekeh David , Oyelade Omolara , Adeniji Sharafadeen , Umar Sadiq , Bello Abdulhakeem , Soboyejo Winston
Published: March 2022

The demand for flexible, lightweight, and long‐lasting energy devices has stimulated interest in solid polymer blends. The conventional lithium‐ion batteries use liquid electrolytes that are chemically unstable due to the presence of carbonates, which are highly volatile and flammable, creating a significant safety risk. Therefore, the need for the development of solid‐state electrolytes that are safe, environmentally friendly, with robust mechanical properties. In this work, the solid polymer blend is explored using a mixture of a polymer matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol and lithium perchlorate salt. The produced films are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. The mechanical properties of the flexible films are also measured using nanoindentation techniques, statistical deconvolution mapping, tensile tests, and fracture toughness measurements. (Young's modulus of 6.87 GPa, hardness of 1.3 GPa, tensile strength of 4.3 MPa, and fracture toughness of 0.81 MPa.m0.5) The implications of the results are then discussed for potential applications of robust solid polymer blends‐based electrolytes.
Surface modification of ZnO quantum dots coated polylactic acid knitted fabric for photocatalytic application
Authors: Cabral Rivaldo Leonn Bezerra , Galvão Felipe Mendonça Fontes , de Souto Silva Kesia Karina Oliveira , Felipe Brenno Henrique Silva , de Andrade Neto Nivaldo Freire , de Almeida Fechine Pierre Basílio , Zille Andrea , Kim Suyeon , do Nascimento José Heriberto Oliveira
Published: March 2022

In this work, ZnO quantum dots (ZnOQD) were synthesized by Sol–gel synthesis and impregnated on polylactic acid (PLA) knitted fabric through self‐assembly of different cycles from layer‐by‐layer (LBL) using cationic agent Poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Then, morphological, chemical and photocatalytic properties were studied. The results demonstrate that the synthesis provided 8 nm Wurtzite‐type ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved the inclusion of ZnOQD on the surface of PLA matrix, which allowed the evaluation of its photocatalytic properties, therefore, coated PLA with five cycles of ZnOQD obtained the best result for degrading 85% of the dye Rhodamine B (RhB) in 360 min under UV radiation, in addition to its reusability for another five cycles of photocatalytic activity.
An inversion‐based Feedback/Feedforward control for robust and precise payload positioning in gantry crane systems
Authors: Orsini Valentina
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with Feedback/Feedforward (FB/FF) control of a gantry crane system intended for the transport of payloads that take values over a known interval. It is also assumed that the crane is affected by unmeasurable disturbances. A new 2DoF control architecture is proposed whose purpose is to speed up the horizontal payload transition while minimizing its oscillations. The main features of the control design procedure are as follows: (1) The output FB controller is designed to ensure robust closed loop stability and steady‐state exact payload positioning; (2) the disturbance is estimated by means of an observer, and its transient effect is compensated through the FF action; and (3) the robust FF control action is given by the optimally weighted sum of the two contributions due to FF Plant Inversion (FFPI) and FF Closed Loop Inversion (FFCLI) control schemes.
Immersive In‐Person Field Courses during the Pandemic: Minimizing Risk while Maximizing Efficacy
Authors: McLaughlin John
Published: March 2022

Field courses can provide formative experiences that also reduce disparities in STEM education. Impacts of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic on‐field programs have been particularly severe, as many institutions shifted to online instruction. Some courses retained in‐person field experiences during the pandemic, and achieved high student learning outcomes. Here, I describe an approach to mitigating risk of COVID‐19 and other hazards during expedition‐based field courses, and student learning outcomes achieved using that approach. I applied comprehensive risk management to in‐person field expeditions that treated COVID‐19 as a hazard, requiring mitigation to maintain an acceptable low level of risk. Prior to broad availability of COVID‐19 vaccines, we applied a coronavirus‐free “bubble” strategy in which all participants passed a COVID‐19 PCR test immediately before departure and then avoided contact with people outside our bubble. In the future, vaccination can reduce risk further. We implemented additional safety factors to reduce risk of incidents that could require evacuation into medical facilities overloaded with COVID‐19 patients. The courses were successful: we had no infections or other serious incidents and student learning outcomes were transformative. The approach provides a model for conducting immersive field courses during the pandemic and beyond. Several field course networks are implementing similar approaches to restore valuable field education opportunities that have declined during the pandemic.
A quarter of a century biomechanical rupture risk assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Achievements, clinical relevance, and ongoing developments
Authors: Gasser T. Christian , Miller Christopher , Polzer Stanislav , Roy Joy
Published: March 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease, the local enlargement of the infrarenal aorta, is a serious condition that causes many deaths, especially in men exceeding 65 years of age. Over the past quarter of a century, computational biomechanical models have been developed towards the assessment of AAA risk of rupture, technology that is now on the verge of being integrated within the clinical decision‐making process. The modeling of AAA requires a holistic understanding of the clinical problem, in order to set appropriate modeling assumptions and to draw sound conclusions from the simulation results. In this article we summarize and critically discuss the proposed modeling approaches and report the outcome of clinical validation studies for a number of biomechanics‐based rupture risk indices. Whilst most of the aspects concerning computational mechanics have already been settled, it is the exploration of the failure properties of the AAA wall and the acquisition of robust input data for simulations that has the greatest potential for the further improvement of this technology.
A model for predicting crimes using big data and neural‐fuzzy networks
Authors: Jaber Murtadha , Sheibani Reza , Shakeri Hassan
Published: March 2022

Big data analytics is important for identifying and analyzing different patterns, relations, and trends within a large volume of data such as crime prediction. In this paper, we propose a new model for predicting crimes using neural‐fuzzy model. For this purpose, time of occurrence and longitude and latitude of the crime scene are used. We use k‐means algorithms to cluster crime records based on their locations. The crime pattern of each cluster was learnt by its own neural‐fuzzy network, in addition using shuffled frog leaping algorithm to determine the optimal cluster radius. The accuracy and Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Squared Error of this method were compared with: Gaussian Process Regression, Classification and Regression Tree, and Artificial Neural Network. The experiment results showed that the proposed model was the most accurate model and had the least error to predict the occurrence of crimes so can be used as an effective tool in real‐world applications.
Catalytic Hydroconversion of 5‐HMF to Value‐Added Chemicals: Insights into the Role of Catalyst Properties and Feedstock Purity
Authors: Turkin Aleksei A. , Makshina Ekaterina V. , Sels Bert F.
Published: March 2022

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important bio‐derived platform molecule that is generally obtained from hexoses via acid‐catalyzed dehydration. It can be effectively transformed into a variety of value‐added derivatives, thus being an ideal candidate for fossil replacement. Both HMF oxidation and hydrogenation processes enable the synthesis of numerous chemicals, monomers for polymerization, and biofuel precursors. This Review summarizes the most recent advances in heterogeneous catalytic hydroconversion of HMF into valuable chemicals with strong focus on 2,5‐bishydroxymethyl furan (BHMF), 2,5‐bishydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), and 2,5‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF). In addition, multifunctional catalytic systems that enable a tunable production of various HMF derived intermediates are discussed. Within this chemistry, the surprising impact of HMF purity on the catalytic performance, such as selectivity and activity, during its upgrading is highlighted. Lastly, the remaining challenges in the field of HMF hydroconversion to the mentioned chemicals are summarized and discussed, taking into account the knowledge gain of catalyst properties and feedstock purity.
Hydrothermal performance of humid air flow in a rectangular solar air heater equipped with V‐shaped ribs
Authors: Nouri Kadijani Omid , Kazemi Moghadam Hamid , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil , Asadi Asgar , Saffari Pour Mohsen
Published: March 2022

In this numerical work, heat transfer characteristics of humid air in a rectangular channel as solar air heater equipped with V‐shaped ribs has been investigated. The impacts of geometrical parameters of proposed ribs such as height, pitch, and angle relative to air flow direction, as well as relative humidity and Reynolds number of inlet humid air on thermal performance of proposed solar air heater have been evaluated. The numerical results have been achieved using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, ANSYS FLUENT 18.2, which works based on finite volume method. Outcomes shows that, over a wide range of operating conditions, utilizing ribs cause thermal boundary layer to separate and reattach, and eventually enhance heat transfer rate. Increasing the rib angle produces stronger secondary flows, leading to higher local velocities and greater heat transfer rate. Moreover, increasing the relative humidity of inlet air from 0% to 50% leads to improve heat transfer by up to 6%. As Reynolds number increases from 4000 to 12,000, average Nusselt number rises by 7.3% and 31.4% for rib pitches of 6 and 16 mm, respectively. The results demonstrate how thermal performance of a solar air heater can be improved by utilizing V‐shaped ribs.
Ethical decision‐making of supervisors of color
Authors: Levitt Dana Heller , Crawford Candice R. , Pamphile Shanta
Published: March 2022

Ethical decision‐making is minimally addressed in counseling supervision literature. Supervisors or color may find challenges given the cultural context of both supervision and ethical decision‐making. The authors interviewed six supervisors of color about ethical decision‐making in supervision. The authors noted four themes: difficulty navigating culture in ethical decision‐making, training limitations, “ethical decision‐making is for White folks,” and making sense of ethical decision‐making in supervision. Implications for supervisor preparation, practice, and research are discussed.
Confidence intervals for point‐of‐stabilization of content uniformity
Authors: Hlávka Zdeněk , Míchal Petr , Otava Martin
Published: March 2022

Within the framework of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing, we are interested in statistical modeling of the initial behavior of the production line. Assuming a gradually changing sequence of a suitable product quality characteristic (e.g., the content uniformity), we estimate the so‐called point‐of‐stabilization (PoSt) and construct corresponding confidence regions based on appropriate asymptotic distributions and bootstrap. We investigate linear, quadratic, and nonlinear gradual change models both in homoscedastic and heteroscedastic setup. We propose a new nonlinear Emax gradual change model and show that it is applicable even if the true model is linear. Asymptotic distribution of the PoSt estimator is known only in a homoscedastic linear and quadratic model and, therefore, bootstrap approximations are used to construct one‐sided PoSt confidence intervals.
Just Caring: Precision Health vs. Ethical Ambiguity: Can we Afford the Ethical and Economic Costs?
Authors: Fleck Leonard M.
Published: March 2022

Many see “precision medicine” and “precision health” complementing one another. Precision medicine is critical when we have a life-threatening cancer that could be managed with a targeted cancer therapy. Still, we would rationally prefer whatever medicine might offer that would either prevent the emergence of that cancer or treat it in its earliest stages, the goal of precision health. Dr. Raza, an oncologist, argues in a book titled “The First Cell” that we should abandon paying for targeted therapies for metastatic cancer, and use that money to detect cancer up front using “liquid biopsies” to identify cancer cells in the blood at $500 each, or $100 billion per year. However, I argue that this would be neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. Granted, targeted therapies for most patients yield costly marginal gains in life expectancy. Still, we would be sacrificing identified lives for the statistical lives we hoped to save with liquid biopsy tests. We could do Whole Genome Sequencing of the entire population at $3000 per person, looking for the 10% of the population with a heritable cancer, again neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. We could fund research to identify biomarkers that would identify cancer patients who would be strong responders to targeted therapies and deny these therapies at social expense to moderate responders. The money saved could be used for targeted precision health efforts. What is really fair? Answering this question requires developing processes of fair and inclusive rational democratic deliberation. What choices are our healthy selves willing to pay for and live with if we develop cancer?
Conclusions: The Biomarkers That Could Be Born
Authors: Strand Roger , Bremer Anne
Published: March 2022

In this short chapter, the editors draw their main conclusions. Using Antonio Gramsci’s analysis of what constitutes a crisis, it begins by reviewing the unsustainable political economy of cancer research as an obstacle for cancer biomarkers. It proceeds to conclude that the imaginary of precision oncology poses inherent risks and limitations to the development of cancer care. Instead, the authors argue for a notion of personalised cancer research and care that combines the advancement of biomarkers with a patient-centred focus. For incurable cancers biomedical research could be better directed towards needs to reduce suffering and ensure integrity and dignity for patients.
Forest GUMP: A Tool for Explanation
Authors: Murtovi Alnis , Bainczyk Alexander , Steffen Bernhard
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present Forest GUMP (for Generalized, Unifying Merge Process) a tool for providing tangible experience with three concepts of explanation. Besides the well-known model explanation and outcome explanation, Forest GUMP also supports class characterization, i.e., the precise characterization of all samples with the same classification. Key technology to achieve these results is algebraic aggregation, i.e., the transformation of a Random Forest into a semantically equivalent, concise white-box representation in terms of Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs). The paper sketches the method and illustrates the use of Forest GUMP along an illustrative example taken from the literature. This way readers should acquire an intuition about the tool, and the way how it should be used to increase the understanding not only of the considered dataset, but also of the character of Random Forests and the ADD technology, here enriched to comprise infeasible path elimination.
Cutting rule for cosmological collider signals: a bulk evolution perspective
Authors: Tong Xi , Wang Yi , Zhu Yuhang
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We show that the evolution of interacting massive particles in the de Sitter bulk can be understood at leading order as a series of resonant decay and production events. From this perspective, we classify the cosmological collider signals into local and nonlocal categories with drastically different physical origins. This further allows us to derive a cutting rule for efficiently extracting these cosmological collider signals in an analytical fashion. Our cutting rule is a practical way for extracting cosmological collider signals in model building, and can be readily implemented as symbolic computational packages in the future.
One-loop same helicity YM amplitudes from BG currents
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pratik , Krasnov Kirill
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We propose and prove a new formula for the one-loop all same helicity Yang-Mills amplitudes. These amplitudes are seen to arise as a sum of products of two tree-level Berends-Giele currents connected by an effective propagator. To make sense of the propagators one needs to introduce the so-called region, or dual momenta. The formula is proven by observing that it readily implies the correct collinear limit properties. The only non-trivial part of the proof is establishing that our formula for the amplitude is invariant under shifts of the region momenta.
Differences in stopover duration and body mass change among Emberiza buntings during autumn migration in the Russian Far East
Authors: Collet Léna , Heim Wieland
Published: March 2022

Stopover periods between flights are essential for migrating birds, and the time birds spend at stopover sites as well as the refuelling rate is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as competition and environmental conditions. While most studies on stopover ecology have been conducted along the Nearctic-Neotropical and the Palaearctic-African flyways, little is known about species migrating along the East Asian flyway. To address this, we compared stopover duration and body mass change of 13 closely related Emberiza bunting species during autumn migration in the Russian Far East. We found significant differences in stopover duration between the species but no differences in body mass change. Overall, stopover duration decreased during the season, suggesting that late-arriving individuals leave earlier due to external factors like unfavourable climatic conditions or food availability or as a result of their endogenous spatiotemporal migration program. We also found that stopover duration correlates with the fat score at arrival and the geographic position of breeding grounds. Juveniles stayed longer at the stopover site than adults, suggesting that the latter might be able to migrate more efficiently. No sex-specific differences in stopover duration were found. We found that body mass change was positively correlated with stopover duration and arrival date. We argue that buntings modulate their stopover duration depending on the energy required to continue migration. Our results suggest the applicability of optimal migration theory for the East Asian flyway.
Improvement of FGF7 Thermal Stability by Introduction of Mutations in Close Vicinity to Disulfide Bond and Surface Salt Bridge
Authors: An Young Jun , Lee Kyeong Won , Jung Ye-Eun , Jeong Ye Eun , Kim Su-Jin , Woo Jurang , Jin Jonghwa , Lee Won-Kyu , Cha Kiweon , Cha Sun-Shin , Lee Jung-Hyun , Yim Hyung-Soon
Published: March 2022

Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF7), a growth factor specific to epithelial cells, has attracted attention as a therapeutic protein. However, FGF7 has a limitation in its use due to low protein stability. Here, the mutations were designed to increase the stability of FGF7 by analyzing its 3D structure and sequence of other FGFs. Palifermin, N-terminal truncated FGF7 is known to have improved stability and was used as control protein in our study. The K126 and K178 were substituted into glutamate to form salt bridge with the neighboring residue R175 respectively and A120C mutation was introduced in close vicinity to disulfide bond between C133 and C137. The data of Circular Dichroism (CD) showed that all mutant proteins tested had higher Tm value than Palifermin and Tm of A120C/K126E/K178E FGF7 mutant protein was 15.24 °C higher than that of Palifermin. The results of cell proliferation activity and soluble protein analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after 37 °C or 45 °C incubation exhibited that the stability of A120C mutant protein and A120C-including mutant proteins was improved. These results suggest that the mutation of amino acid in close vicinity to disulfide bond and the salt bridge at the surface of FGF7 enhanced thermal stability and make FGF7 more useful for pharmaceutical and cosmetical application.
Effect of economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures on transport emissions: evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Shaheen Wasim Abbass
Published: March 2022

Environmental quality has been pondered as an essential aspect of sustainable development across the global economies. Several factors such as economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures drastically influence environmental quality. More specifically, the transport sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions which deteriorate the environmental quality. Therefore, this study investigates whether economic development, transportation, environmental expenditures, and income inequality affect transport-carbon emissions for the OECD countries. Furthermore, panel time-series data period from 2000 to 2020 and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag method are used for transport-oriented environmental examination. Results demonstrate that transportation upsurges transport-carbon emission level by 46.45% on average. Moreover, the joint effect of economic development and environmental taxes significantly reduces transport-carbon emissions by 14.70%. Findings further suggest that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between economic development and transport emission. Besides, income inequality, environmental expenditures, and green transportation are negatively associated with the coefficient of transport-carbon emissions. More interestingly, income inequality is negatively correlated with transport-carbon emissions across the sample countries. Furthermore, the joint effect of income inequality and economic development increases the emission level released by the transport sector. Thus, this research recommends some policies: countries should control traffic movements and increase environmental expenditures, and produce green transport vehicles to tackle environmental issues.
Generational Differences in Subjective Well-Being in Australia
Authors: Botha Ferdi , Vera-Toscano Esperanza
Published: March 2022

We test for differences in subjective well-being across four pre-defined generations in Australia born between 1928 and 1994: The Lucky Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. We focus on overall life satisfaction and range of domain satisfactions. We find that Baby Boomers are less satisfied with life than thosce born before and after them. We observe similar patterns when considering domains such as finances and housing. However, differences in satisfaction with employment opportunities show the opposite pattern, with Baby Boomers and Generation X’s reporting higher satisfaction as compared to the Lucky Generation and especially those from Generation Y. Family and labour marketcv status have greater effects than cohort of birth on many of the domains studied; however, the cohort effects are significant and non-negligible, particularly concerning satisfaction with life, employment opportunities, and housing.
Das Puppeninterview zur Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen krebskranker Kinder
Authors: Schepper Florian , Herzog Kristina , Herrmann Jessy , Martini Julia
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Subjektive Krankheitsannahmen beinhalten Annahmen über Symptome, emotionale Reaktionen, Verlauf, Konsequenzen und Kontrollierbarkeit einer Erkrankung. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass subjektive Krankheitsannahmen mit der Krankheitsverarbeitung und dem psychischen Wohlbefinden assoziiert sind. Bisher gibt es kein Erhebungsinstrument zur Befragung von Kindern, sodass hier oftmals nur der Bericht der Eltern verfügbar ist.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Ziel ist die Entwicklung und psychometrische Überprüfung eines Puppeninterviews zur altersgerechten Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen für Kinder ab 4 Jahren. Beschreibung von Durchführungsempfehlungen mit Indikation und Kontraindikation.

Methode

Das Puppeninterview zur Erfassung subjektiver Krankheitsannahmen wurde auf Grundlage des „Illness Perception Questionnaire“ (IPQ-R) und des „Berkeley Puppet Interviews“ entwickelt und an zwei Stichproben (n = 11 und n = 64) überprüft.

Ergebnisse

Die Anwendbarkeit, Verständlichkeit und Nützlichkeit des Puppeninterviews wurde für die Akut- und Nachsorgephase gezeigt, wobei sich die Krankheitsannahmen je nach Krankheitsphase unterscheiden können. Es zeigten sich erwartungskonforme Interskalenkorrelationen im Puppeninterview (z. B. Chronizität – Konsequenzen für die Lebensführung: r = 0,690, p ≤ 0,05), hypothesenkonforme Ergebnisse zur Konstruktvalidität (z. B. Chronizität – internale Kontrolle r = −0,711, p ≤ 0,05) und zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen. Mitunter besprachen die Kinder mit den Puppen mögliche Bewältigungsstrategien, was zu einer Entlastung beitrug.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Einschätzungen der Eltern können zukünftig durch eine zuverlässige Erhebung von subjektiven Krankheitsannahmen bei Kindern ab 4 Jahren ergänzt werden, um medikamentöse und psychosoziale Interventionen gezielt anzupassen.
The Narrative Policy Framework: A Traveler’s Guide to Policy Stories
Authors: Schlaufer Caroline , Kuenzler Johanna , Jones Michael D. , Shanahan Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2022

The last decade has seen the rise of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) as a valuable theoretical framework for advancing knowledge of the policy process. In this article, we investigate the NPF’s “travel” capacities across geographies, political systems, policy fields, levels of analysis, methodological approaches, and other theories of the policy process. We assess these capabilities by reviewing extant research and mapping newly explored territories. While we find that the NPF embodies all necessary conditions to travel to different settings, the empirical applications remain largely confined to the U.S. and European contexts, environmental policy, the meso level of analysis, the use of content analysis of documents as a methodological approach, and only a few combinations with other theories of the policy process. Our findings indicate that the NPF can travel well. However, we call for further research to conceptualize the NPF’s macro level, to replicate NPF scholarship beyond liberal democratic institutional contexts, and to affirm the framework’s capacity to be generalizable in varied settings.
Die Bedeutung der Orientierung am Islam für Extremismuspräventionsangebote in der pädagogischen Arbeit mit muslimischen Jugendlichen
Authors: Langner Joachim , Zschach Maren
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht pädagogische Angebote, die junge Menschen gegen islamistischen Extremismus stärken sollen und fragt, wie Fachkräfte den Islam als Teil ihrer pädagogischen Arbeit verstehen. Auf der empirischen Basis von Interviews mit pädagogischen Mitarbeitenden werden unterschiedliche Typen pädagogischer Handlungsorientierungen in Bezug auf Religion in der Auseinandersetzung mit islamistischem Extremismus herausgearbeitet. Diese deuten eine Orientierung am Islam als Teil der Identität der Jugendlichen und ihrer Orientierung in der Migrationsgesellschaft (1), als eine Perspektive auf die Alltagspraxis der jungen Menschen, die Vergemeinschaftung unterstützt (2), oder als Weg zur Erschließung von Antworten auf extremistische Ideologien aus den autoritativen Quellen des Islams (3).

Abschließend wird diskutiert inwiefern spezifische religionspädagogische Angebote den Fachkräften als Türöffner in die Lebenswelt der jungen Menschen fungieren und für den Aufbau einer vertrauensvollen Beziehung genutzt werden und inwiefern sich Mitarbeitende teilweise auf ein starkes Eigenverständnis als Muslime beziehen, was ggf. andere Qualitäten ihrer professionellen Identität in den Hintergrund treten lässt.
Heterogenität motivationaler Merkmale im Unterrichtskontext
Authors: Lazarides Rebecca , Schiepe-Tiska Anja
Published: March 2022

Der angemessene Umgang mit Heterogenität gilt als eine der zentralen Herausforderungen aber auch als eine bedeutsame Chance für Schule und Unterricht. Dabei wird häufig die Frage diskutiert, wie Unterricht adaptiv das Leistungsniveau von Lernenden berücksichtigen kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, wie Unterrichtsgestaltung die unterschiedlichen motivationalen Lernvoraussetzungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihr unterschiedliches motivationales Erleben von Lernsituationen angemessen aufgreifen kann. Dabei werden zunächst theoretische und empirische Perspektiven auf motivationale Heterogenität und ihr Zusammenwirken mit geschlechtsbezogenen, sprachlichen oder sozialen Heterogenitätsdimensionen diskutiert. Anschließend befassen wir uns mit der Frage, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen Unterricht adaptiv unterschiedliche motivationale Lernvoraussetzungen aufgreifen kann und schlagen ein Prozessmodell motivational adaptiver Unterrichtsgestaltung vor, aus dem auch praktische Implikationen für Lehrkräftebildung und Unterrichtspraxis abgeleitet werden.
Deep learning for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after resection or liver transplantation: a discovery and validation study
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Liu Yuanpeng , Zhang Wenhui , Hong Yuan , Meng Jinwen , Wang Jianguo , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a growing need for new improved classifiers of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to stratify them effectively.

Methods

A deep learning model was developed on a total of 1118 patients from 4 independent cohorts. A nucleus map set (n = 120) was used to train U-net to capture the nuclear architecture. The training set (n = 552) included HCC patients that had been treated by resection. The liver transplantation (LT) set (n = 144) contained patients with HCC that had been treated by LT. The train set and its nuclear architectural information extracted by U-net were used to train the MobileNet V2-based classifier (MobileNetV2_HCC_class). The classifier was then independently tested on the LT set and externally validated on the TCGA set (n = 302). The primary outcome was recurrence free survival (RFS).

Results

The MobileNetV2_HCC_class was a strong predictor of RFS in both LT set and TCGA set. The classifier provided a hazard ratio of 3.44 (95% CI 2.01–5.87, p < 0.001) for high risk versus low risk in the LT set, and 2.55 (95% CI 1.64–3.99, p < 0.001) when known prognostic factors, remarkable in univariable analyses on the same cohort, were adjusted. The MobileNetV2_HCC_class maintained a relatively higher discriminatory power [time-dependent accuracy and area under curve (AUC)] than other factors after LT or resection in the independent validation set (LT and TCGA set). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis indicated MobileNetV2_HCC_class exhibited better net benefits for the Stage_AJCC beyond other independent factors. A pathological review demonstrated that tumoral areas with the highest recurrence predictability featured the following features: the presence of stroma, a high degree of cytological atypia, nuclear hyperchromasia, and a lack of immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion

A prognostic classifier for clinical purposes had been proposed based on the use of deep learning on histological slides from HCC patients. This classifier assists in refining the prognostic prediction of HCC patients and identifies patients who have been benefited from more intensive management.
SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD Clinical Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer (2021)
Authors: Fernández-Montes Ana , Alcaide Julia , Alsina María , Custodio Ana Belén , Franco Lourdes Fernández , Gallego Plazas Javier , Gómez-Martín Carlos , Richart Paula , Rivera Fernando , Martin-Richard Marta
Published: March 2022

Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor, and is the sixth-leading cause of death from cancer. Incidence is rising in Spain, particularly among men. Two main pathological different subtypes have been described: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Growing evidence of their epidemiology and molecular differences explains their different response to novel treatments, and they are therefore likely to be treated as two separate entities in the near future. The best results are obtained with a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy, and the introduction of immunotherapy is a promising new approach that will improve prognosis. In these guidelines, we review the evidence for the different methods of diagnosis and therapeutic strategies that form the basis of our standard of care.
SEOM-SOGUG clinical guideline for localized muscle invasive and advanced bladder cancer (2021)
Authors: Valderrama Begoña P. , González-del-Alba Aránzazu , Morales-Barrera Rafael , Peláez Fernández Ignacio , Vázquez Sergio , Caballero Díaz Cristina , Domènech Montserrat , Fernández Calvo Ovidio , Gómez de Liaño Lista Alfonso , Arranz Arija José Ángel
Published: March 2022

Most muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) are urothelial carcinomas (UC) of transitional origin, although histological variants of UC have been recognized. Smoking is the most important risk factor in developed countries, and the basis for prevention. UC harbors high number of genomic aberrations that make possible targeted therapies. Based on molecular features, a consensus classification identified six different MIBC subtypes. Hematuria and irritative bladder symptoms, CT scan, cystoscopy and transurethral resection are the basis for diagnosis. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard approach for muscle-invasive BC, although bladder preservation is an option for selected patients who wish to avoid or cannot tolerate surgery. Perioperative cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for cT2-4aN0M0 tumors, or as adjuvant in patients with pT3/4 and or pN + after radical cystectomy. Follow-up is particularly important after the availability of new salvage therapies. It should be individualized and adapted to the risk of recurrence. Cisplatin–gemcitabine is considered the standard first line for metastatic tumors. Carboplatin should replace cisplatin in cisplatin-ineligible patients. According to the EMA label, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab could be an option in cisplatin-ineligible patients with high PD-L1 expression. For patients whose disease respond or did not progress after first-line platinum chemotherapy, maintenance with avelumab prolongs survival with respect to the best supportive care. Pembrolizumab also increases survival versus vinflunine or taxanes in patients with progression after chemotherapy who have not received avelumab, as well as enfortumab vedotin in those progressing to first-line chemotherapy followed by an antiPDL1/PD1. Erdafitinib may be considered in this setting in patients with FGFR alterations. An early onset of supportive and palliative care is always strongly recommended.
A hypothetic model for examining the relationship between happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity and emotional security
Authors: Ercengiz Mustafa , Safalı Serdar , Kaya Alican , Turan Mehmet Emin
Published: March 2022

The ultimate goal of life is happiness, according to Plato. Perhaps the most critical questions in the life of human beings have been on happiness and processes that affect happiness. The present study was planned during the COVID-19 pandemic; perhaps human beings are most needed for happiness. The original hypothetical model and the findings constitute the powerful and different aspects of the present study. This study determined a hypothetical model to examine the relationships among happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity, and emotional security. The participant group of the study consists of a total of 916 individuals from Turkey, 617 women, and 299 men. The age scale of the participants is between 18-25. Participants completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Emotional Security Scale, the Emotional Reactivity Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Scale. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ (2017) process macro. According to the proposed model in the study, emotional reactivity mediates the relationship between forgiveness and happiness. As the individual’s forgiveness increases, their emotional reactivity decreases, and as the emotional reactivity decreases, the individual’s level of happiness increases.
Spatial beam reshaping and large-band nonlinear conversion in rectangular-core phosphate glass fibers
Authors: Strutynski Clément , Couderc Vincent , Mansuryan Tigran , Santarelli Giorgio , Thomas Philippe , Danto Sylvain , Cardinal Thierry
Published: March 2022

Here we present the ability of Nd3+-doped zinc-phosphate glasses to be shaped into rectangular core fibers. At first, the physico-chemical properties of the developed P2O5-based materials are investigated for different concentrations of neodymium oxide and core and cladding glass compositions are selected for further fiber development. A modified stack-and-draw technique is used to produce multimode large rectangular-core optical fibers. Self-guided nonlinear effects acting as spatial beam reshaping processes occurring in these newly-developed photonic structures lead to the generation of spectral broadenings in the visible and near-infrared spectral domains.

Graphic Abstract
Intelligent windows for electricity generation: A technologies review
Authors: Castillo Manlio Salas , Liu Xiao , Abd-AlHamid Fedaa , Connelly Karen , Wu Yupeng
Published: March 2022

Buildings are responsible for over 40% of total primary energy consumption in the US and EU and therefore improving building energy efficiency has significant potential for obtaining net-zero energy buildings reducing energy consumption. The concurrent demands of environmental comfort and the need to improve energy efficiency for both new and existing buildings have motivated research into finding solutions for the regulation of incoming solar radiation, as well as ensuring occupant thermal and visual comfort whilst generating energy onsite. Windows as building components offer the opportunity of addressing these issues in buildings. Building integration of photovoltaics permits building components such as semi-transparent façade, skylights and shading devices to be replaced with PV. Much progress has been made in photovoltaic material science, where smart window development has evolved in areas such as semi-transparent PV, electrochromic and thermochromic materials, luminescent solar concentrator and the integration of each of the latter technologies to buildings, specifically windows. This paper presents a review on intelligent window technologies that integrate renewable energy technologies with energy-saving strategies contributing potential solutions towards sustainable zero-energy buildings. This review is a comprehensive evaluation of intelligent windows focusing on state-of-the-art development in windows that can generate electricity and their electrical, thermal and optical characteristics. This review provides a summary of current work in intelligent window design for energy generation and gives recommendations for further research opportunities.