bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVAÇÃO DO IDOSO E SUA SAT I S FAÇÃO PARA O USO DE DISPOSITIVOS ELETRÔNICOS DE AMPLIFICAÇÃO SONORA INDIVIDUAL
Authors: Silva Bruna De Oliveira , Remédio Nathália De Souza , Ribeiro Tatiana Aparecida Teixeira , Scharlach Renata Coelho
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a satisfação de idosos como uso de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI). Alémdisso, buscaram-se correlações e associações da satisfação comas restrições de participação decorrentes da deficiência auditiva ecom a disposição dos idosos para o uso da amplificação sonora,respectivamente. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional,descritivo, analítico, de delineamento transversal, desenvolvido com31 idosos portadores de perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau levea moderadamente severo e usuários de AASI pela primeira vez. Osparticipantes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, a saber: Grupo I:composto por idosos que compareceram ao centro auditivo porvontade própria, e Grupo II: idosos que compareceram ao centro auditivo por encaminhamento de familiar. Os idosos responderam dois questionários, sendo um para analisar as restrições de participação decorrentes da deficiência auditiva e o outro para avaliar a satisfação com o uso da amplificação sonora. Os dados obtidos passaram por uma análise estatística descritiva e inferencial sendo estabelecido nível de significância de 5%. As análises evidenciaram que os idosos se mostraram satisfeitos com o uso dos AASI e que não houve diferença nos resultados tanto com relação às restrições de participação quanto à satisfação quando comparados os idosos que procuraram o serviço por vontade própria ou por indicação de um familiar.
ENVELHECIMENTO E PROCESSAMENTO AUDITIVO: ANÁLISE DE DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES
Authors: Bruno Rúbia Soares , Biaggio Eliara Pinto Vieira , Folgearini Jordana , Oppitz Sheila Jacques , Fedosse Elenir , Gois Marjana , Pelissari Isadora , Lopes Luiz Felipe , Garcia Michele Vargas
Published: January 2021

Envelhecer é parte fundamental e natural da vida, caracterizado portransformações biológicas, sociais e psicológicas, podendo ser acompanhadopor presbiacusia e diminuição na discriminação auditiva,causando redução na interação e nos contatos interpessoais. AsInstituições de Longa Permanências (ILPI), são ambientes que nãopossuem muita estimulação acústica, acarretando em diminuiçãodas exigências auditivas e cognitivas. Já idosos ativos que realizamatividades diárias e participam de atividades físicas, têm tendênciaem manter as habilidades do processamento auditivo (PA) commelhores condições. Objetivo: Comparar habilidades do PA de idososativos com institucionalizados por meio de testes comportamentaise eletrofisiológicos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 25 idosos, 12institucionalizados, com média de idade de 70,8 anos e 13 ativoscom média de 68,9 anos. Ambos submetidos aos procedimentos:Avaliação audiológica básica e aspectos do PA (ordenação temporale figura fundo), avaliação da memória, cognição e discriminação pormeio do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência (PEALL).Resultados: Dos 12 institucionalizados, 100% apresentaram alteraçãode ordenação temporal, enquanto os ativos somente seis (46,15%)apresentaram essa alteração. Quanto à habilidade de figura-fundo,nove (75%) institucionalizados apresentaram alteração na etapa deintegração binaural enquanto quatro (30,76%) ativos apresentaramalterações. No PEALL, todos os idosos, apresentaram as ondas N1e P2 com latências dentro do esperado. Quanto à onda P3, sete(58%) institucionalizados não a tiveram bilateralmente, e somentetrês (12%) ativos não a tiveram bilateralmente e um (4%) mostroualteração. Conclusão: Há diferenças estatisticamente significantesao comparar as habilidades do PA de idosos ativos com institucionalizados.Fica desse estudo, a necessidade de intervençãofonoaudiológica junto a idosos, principalmente aos que vivem emILPI, para um envelhecimento com maior qualidade de vida, no quese refere as habilidades auditivas.
O ENVOLVIMENTO DA UNIVERSIDADE EM RELAÇÃO AO TEMA VELHICE: a palavra de coordenadores de programas
Authors: Cachioni Meire , Aguilar Luis Enrique
Published: January 2021

Os conhecimentos relacionados às percepções sobre a velhice, gerados nas Instituições de Ensino Superior, são científica e educacionalmente relevantes. Realizamos um estudo com quinze coordenadores de programas na área gerontológica. Os objetivos visaram: a) conhecer trabalhos desenvolvidos na área gerontológica; b) conhecer a percepção dos coordenadores sobre o tema velhice nas instituições. Três instituições foram investigadas, sendo uma privada e duas públicas. O instrumento foi um questionário para levantamento do envolvimento da Universidade em relação ao tema velhice. Análises de conteúdo, mediante as quais foram levantadas categorias e subcategorias de respostas, apontaram que os coordenadores estão envolvidos na área gerontológica através dos programa Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, de núcleos de estudo ou pesquisa e dos programas de pós-gradução. Os benefícios atribuídos à presença dos idosos na universidade mais relatados foram respectivamente: contato intergeracional, relatados em todas as universidades; geração de conhecimento gerontológicos; gestão do novo segmento etário/relação da universidade com a população; mudanças de atitudes positivas em relação à velhice.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSOS PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: Silva Letícia Cristinne Costa da , Oliveira Luciane Marta Neiva de
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o estado nutricional e qualidade de vida de idosos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A população foi composta por 46 voluntários portadores de diabetes tipo 2, com faixa etária entre 60 e 85 anos, membros de uma Associação de Diabéticos localizada em Teresina (Piauí). Os idosos foram submetidos a um formulário sociodemográfico e, em seguida, foi realizada a avaliação do estado nutricional através de uma miniavaliação nutricional e dados antropométricos. Por fim, avaliou-se a qualidade de vida através do questionário Short Form-36. De acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas, constatou-se que a maior parte dos participantes são do sexo feminino (69,6%), com idade entre 60 e 65 anos (54,3%), casados (63%), com ensino médio completo (54,3%) e renda de 1 (39,5%) e 2-3 salários mínimos (39,1%). Na avaliação do estado nutricional, de acordo com o índice de massa corporal, predominou o sobrepeso em 52,2%; Pela avaliação da dobra cutânea tricipital, constatou-se obesidade em 45,7% dos participantes; conforme a circunferência da cintura verificou-se risco muito elevado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em 69,65% dos sujeitos pesquisados; constatou-se ainda que 88,43% dos idosos não apresentaram risco nutricional quando avaliados por meio da miniavaliação nutricional. Quanto à análise de qualidade de vida, as menores médias (escores) foram encontradas no domínio estado geral da saúde (59,67) e dor (65,63). Por conseguinte, os idosos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 avaliados possuem alterações no estado nutricional, entretanto apresentam boa qualidade vida.
A SAÚDE BUCAL E AS FUNÇÕES DA MASTIGAÇÃO E DEGLUTIÇÃO NOS IDOSOS
Authors: Cardoso Maria Cristina Almeida Freitas , Bujes Roseneide Vieira
Published: January 2021

Objetivo - Estabelecer relações entre a saúde bucal do idoso no Brasil, com as funções de mastigação e deglutição. Metodologia – Revisão sistemática da literatura científica publicada nos últimos 10 anos. Resultados e Discussão – As alterações dentárias encontradas nos idosos decorrem de programas de saúde bucal falhos e da falsa idéia de normalidade para a perda dentária com a idade. As interrelações entre a saúde bucal com as funções da mastigação e da deglutição se dão pela ausência de dentes no idoso, fato este que interfere na boa coesão do bolo alimentar, impossibilitando uma deglutição eficiente, prejudicando a alimentação e podendo causar danos ao estado nutricional do mesmo. Considerações Finais – Na senescência ocorrem modificações paulatinas das estruturas e funções estomatognáticas, caracterizadas pela perda de tônus e de força muscular orofacial, dificultando o controle do bolo alimentar, ao mesmo tempo que estas podem acentuar-se com a falta de dentes. Esses dados mostram a necessidade de programas de orientação voltados para a prevenção e reabilitação da saúde bucal, integrando as ações dos profissionais fonoaudiólogos e odontólogos.Palavras Chaves: Envelhecimento; Idoso; Mastigação; Deglutição; Saúde Bucal.
O ESTADO DE ÂNIMO DOS PROFESSORES NAS AULAS DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA COM IDOSOS EM UM PROGRAMA DE EXTENSÃO
Authors: Silva Priscilla Cardoso da , Sbeghen Isadora Loch , Tristâo Pâmela Andrieli da Silva , Vargas Amanda Suely Rodriguez de , Blessmann Eliane Jost
Published: January 2021

O trabalho com grupos de idosos exige qualificação e entendimento sobre aspectos físicos, sociais e individuais do envelhecimento. Atrelado a isto, o estado de ânimo de professores instiga por ser uma condição importante a qual pode influenciar comportamentos afetivos e cognitivos em meio ao trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a interferência da aula de atividade física no estado de ânimo dos professores de um programa de extensão ao ministrar aulas para alunos idosos. Este estudo é de natureza mista, com amostra não aleatória, por conveniência e acessibilidade. A amostra foi composta por oito professores acadêmicos de um programa de extensão universitária. Foram realizadas duas intervenções para os professores, antes e ao término das aulas, sendo os instrumentos: a Lista de Estados de Ânimo - Reduzida e Ilustrada (LEA-RI) e um questionário com questões abertas. Foi realizada análise estatística com prova binomial e Qui-quadrado da LEA-RI, pelo software estatístico SPSS (18.0), frequência e a análise de conteúdo para os questionários. Dos resultados obtidos pela análise estatística, verificou-se que o estado de ânimo dos professores que apresentou alteração significativa foi o “cheio de energia”. Ao associar aos questionários pode-se depreender que, alguns fatores contribuem para o estado de ânimo referido, tendo por base os elementos categorizados em participação dos alunos, a dinâmica/metodologia da aula e a postura do professor. Pode-se concluir que determinados fatores interferem positivamente no estado de ânimo do professor durante as suas aulas e na relação com os alunos idosos.
POSTUROGRAFIA FOAM-LASER EM IDOSOS PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS: COMPARAÇÃO COM OS DADOS NORMATIVOS PARA ADULTOS
Authors: Ruschel Nathany Lima , Peixoto Bárbara Freitas , Olchik Maira Rozenfeld , Gonçalves Andréa Krüger , Texeira Adriane Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os resultados obtidos na Posturografia Foam-Laser em idosos praticantes de atividade física com o padrão estabelecido para adultos, bem como verificar qual medida é preditora de quedas na população idosa. Método: este foi um estudo retrospectivo, onde foram analisados os dados de avaliação do equilíbrio de idosos praticantes de exercício físico. A avaliação foi feita por meio da Posturografia Foam-Laser. Resultados: a amostra do presente estudo foi composta por 105 indivíduos, com maior prevalência da população feminina e média de idade de 71,2 ± 8,9 anos. Médias elevadas foram encontradas quanto ao nível de escolaridade em relação à média nacional. Foram encontrados valores de média abaixo do ponto de corte definido para a população adulta. O subteste TOS V mostrou-se como preditor de quedas na amostra avaliada. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram que idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos apresentaram respostas abaixo do padrão definido para adultos, evidenciando a necessidade do estabelecimento de um ponto de corte específico para esta população. A posição TOS V foi preditora de quedas entre os idosos avaliados.
EFEITOS DE UM PROGRAMA DE EXERCÍCIOS AQUÁTICOS NA FUNCIONALIDADE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSAS COM OSTEOARTRITE DE JOLHO
Authors: Mattos Fernanda De , Costa Sabrine Nayara , Bento Paulo Cesar Barauce
Published: January 2021

Idosos com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) apresentam redução de funcionalidade, qualidade de vida e aumento da dor. Exercícios físicos são recomendados como tratamento conservador para OAJ, com objetivo de melhorar a funcionalidade e reduzir os sintomas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios aquáticos (EA) realizados com movimentos em alta velocidade na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida de idosas com OAJ. Participaram do estudo 12 idosas (66,6 ± 3,6 anos, 1,56 ± 0,07m e 75,7 ± 14,74kg), alocadas em um único grupo, que passou por uma sessão de avaliação (T0), quatro semanas de controle sem exercícios, uma nova sessão de testes antes da intervenção (T1) e uma sessão de avaliação ao final do programa de EA (T2). Foram avaliadas a funcionalidade, por meio de uma bateria de testes: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG) e Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6); e a qualidade de vida, por meio dos questionários Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) e Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). O programa de EA teve duração de 16 semanas, com duas sessões semanais de 60 minutos compostas por 10 minutos de aquecimento, 20 minutos de exercícios de forçamuscular realizados em alta velocidade, 20 minutos de corrida e caminhada na água e 10 minutos de relaxamento. A análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA) foi utilizada para verificar efeito do tempo (T0-T1 e T1-T2). Não foram observadas modificações significativas nas variáveis dependentes no período de controle (T0-T1). Após o programa de EA verificou-se melhora na força e potência muscular dos membros inferiores (SPPB), no equilíbrio dinâmico (TUG) e na capacidade aeróbia (TC6). Os índices de dor, rigidez articular e limitações funcionais (WOMAC) foram reduzidos com o EA, e a percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde apresentou melhora nos domínios da capacidade funcional de vitalidade (SF-36). Com base nos resultados encontrados é possível concluir que o programa de EA apresentou efeitos na redução dos sintomas da OAJ, no aumento da força e da potência muscular, que contribuíram com a melhora na capacidade de realizar as atividades da vida diária e consequente melhora na percepção da qualidade de vida.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE APTIDÃO FÍSICA, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E SINTOMATOLOGIA DEPRESSIVA DE IDOSOS FISICAMENTE ATIVOS
Authors: Possamai Vanessa Dias , Vargas Amanda Suely Rodrigues de , Silva Priscilla Cardoso da , Martins Valéria Feijó , Gonçalves Andréa Krüger
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre as variáveis de aptidão física, qualidade de vida e sintomatologia depressiva em idosos fisicamente ativos. Participaram do estudo 135 idosos participantes de um programa de extensão universitária que oferece atividades físicas e socioeducativas, duas a quatro vezes por semana. Foi utilizado o questionário GDS-15 para avaliar a sintomatologia depressiva, SF-36 para a qualidade de vida e a bateria Senior Fitness Test para avaliar a aptidão física. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para a análise dos resultados, com média e desvio padrão, além de Teste de Pearson para relacionar as variáveis (p ≤ 0.05). Houve correlação significante da qualidade de vida com todas as variáveis de aptidão física e os sintomas depressivos. Também ocorreu correlação entre todos os domínios do SF-36 com o GDS. Programas de atividade física que promovam a melhorar ou manutenção das aptidões físicas podem contribuir positivamente na sintomatologia depressiva e na qualidade de vida de idosos, tanto pelo engajamento social quanto pelo estímulo físico.
Practical guide for obtaining and validating chromosome-scale genome assemblies with Hi-C scaffolding
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Ohishi Yuta , Naito Yuki , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: January 2021

Recent development of ecological studies has been fueled by the
introduction of massive information based on chromosome-scale genome
sequences, even for species whose genetic linkage was previously not
accessible. This was enabled mainly by the application of Hi-C, a method
for genome-wide chromosome conformation capture which was originally
developed for investigating long-range interaction of chromatins.
Performing genomic scaffolding using Hi-C data is highly
resource-demanding in elaborate laboratory steps for sequencing sample
preparation, building primary genome sequence assembly as an input, and
computation for genome scaffolding using Hi-C data, followed by careful
validation. This article summarizes existing solutions for these steps
and provides a test case of its application to a reptile species, the
Madagascar ground gecko (Paroedura picta). Among frequently exerted
metrics for evaluating scaffolding results, we investigate the validity
of completeness assessment using single-copy reference orthologs and
report problems with the widely used program pipeline BUSCO.
Epidemiology and organization of care in medically unexplained symptoms: a systematic review with a focus on cultural diversity and migrants
Authors: Vermeir Peter , Mariman An , Lucza Lilla , Viola Sallay , Weiland Anne , Stegers-Jager Karen , Dirk Vogelaers
Published: January 2021

Background: Since the pathophysiology of medically unexplained symptoms
(MUS) remains unclear, health care providers often struggle with these
patients, especially with a different ethnic and/or cultural background.
These challenges are insufficiently addressed in their training and in
the organization of care. Aim: To improve health care provider-patient
interaction focused on MUS patients in general and in ethnic minorities
and refugees in particular through a systematic review of syndromal
definitions and epidemiology and organization of care of MUS patients.
Methods: Screening of PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl and Cochrane
Library on the keywords ‘Medical unexplained (physical) symptoms
(MUPS)’, ‘Somatoform disorder’, ‘Functional syndrome’, ‘Diversity’,
‘Migrants’, ‘Ethnicity’, ‘Care models’, ‘Medical education’,
‘Communication skills’, ‘Health literacy’ Results: Different case
definitions result in markedly different epidemiologic estimates for MUS
patients. Nevertheless, they are prevalent in a wide range of health
care settings. Literature offers evidence of the effectiveness of
structural frameworks in approaching MUS patients. Organization of MUS
care needs to transcend different levels of care: specialist tertiary
and secondary care and primary care involving different qualifications
of caregivers need to be aligned. Conclusion: The systematic review
identified significant gaps and shortcomings in organization of care.
These need to be addressed in order to improve outcomes. Keywords:
Medical unexplained (physical) symptoms (MUPS), Somatoform disorder,
Functional syndrome, Diversity, Migrants, Ethnicity, Care models Message
for the clinic: - Medically unexplained symptoms are highly prevalent
but case definitions hamper both recognition and a proper approach. -
MUS are ill understood in both the general population as in migrants and
refugees. - Interdisciplinary and integrated care through a
biopsychosocial model is mandatory.
Integrated Ionic Liquid and Absorption Process Design for Carbon Capture: Global Optimization Using Hybrid Models
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Ding Xuechong , Song Zhen , Zhou Teng , Sundmacher Kai
Published: January 2021

A new method for integrated ionic liquid (IL) and absorption process
design is proposed where a rigorous rate-based process model is used to
incorporate absorption thermodynamics and kinetics. Different types of
models including group contribution models and thermodynamic models are
employed to predict the process-relevant physical, kinetic, and
thermodynamic (gas solubility) properties of ILs. Combining the property
models with process models, the integrated IL and process design problem
is formulated as an MINLP optimization problem. Unfortunately, due to
the model complexity, the problem is prone to convergence failure. To
lower the computational difficulty, tractable surrogate models are used
to replace the complex thermodynamic models while maintaining the
prediction accuracy. This provides an opportunity to find the global
optimum for the integrated design problem. A pre-combustion carbon
capture case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the
method. The obtained global optimum saves 14.8% cost compared to the
Selexol process.
Fe3O4-loaded Ion Exchange Resin for Chromatographic Separation of Boron Isotopes: Experiment and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Chen Tao , Bai Peng , Lyu Jiafei , Xianghai Guo
Published: January 2021

Fe3O4-loaded ion exchange resin composites (Fe3O4@Resin) were optimally
constructed through ion exchange and co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+
on strong acid ion exchange resin. The as-synthesized Fe3O4@Resin
composite was sophisticatedly characterized and investigated for 10B/11B
separation including effect of pH, kinetics and isotherms through batch
adsorption experiments which can be well described by pseudo-second
order kinetics and Langmuir model. In the chromatographic column packed
with Fe3O4@Resin, 10B was selectively retained with a high dynamic
separation factor of 1.312. Considering the consistency between
simulated and experimental breakthrough curves within Fe3O4@Resin packed
column, chromatographic 10B/11B separation performance was simulated
under various conditions which were further optimized by Box-Behnken
design. Consequently, the annual yield of 10B reached the maximum of 612
g with feed concentration of 7.567 g·L−1, flow rate of 38.57 mL·min−1,
and column size of 2.2×45 cm (I.D. × length). In addition, five-cycle
adsorption/regeneration experiments demonstrated its merit of
reusability.
The Effects of Spatial Configurations of Simulated Shrubs on Wind-proof Effectiveness
Authors: Pan Xia , Wang Zhenyi , Gao Yong , Zhang Zhengcai , Dang Xiaohong , Meng Zhongjv
Published: January 2021

Maximizing the benefits of windbreaks requires a thorough understanding
of the physical interaction between the wind and the barrier. In this
experiment, a profiling set of Pitot tubes was used to measure the
airflow field and wind velocity of simulated shrubs in a wind tunnel.
The effects of form configurations and row spaces of simulated shrubs on
wind-proof effectiveness were in-depth studied. We come to the following
results: the weakening intensity of hemisphere-shaped and broom-shaped
shrubs on wind velocity was mainly reflected below 2 cm in the root and
6-14 cm in the middle-upper, respectively, while the wind-proof effect
of the spindle-shaped shrubs at the canopy (0.2-14 cm height) was the
best. Besides, the simulated shrubs under 26.25 cm had the best
protection effect on the wind velocity. Moreover, the designed
windbreaks with Nitraria tangutorum, more effectively reduced the wind
velocity among the windbreak compared to behind the windbreak. In the
wind control system, the hemisphere-shaped windbreaks should be applied
as near-surface barriers, and the windbreaks of broom-shaped and
spindle-shaped can be used as a sheltered forest. The results could
offer theoretical guidelines on how to arrange the windbreaks for
preventing wind erosion in the most convenient and efficient ways.
Historical surveys reveal a long-term decline in muskrat populations
Authors: Sadowski Carrie , Bowman Jeff
Published: January 2021

The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is an iconic species in Canada,
valued for both its fur and its integral role in wetland ecosystems, and
widely regarded for its perseverance. However, the resilience of this
semi-aquatic mammal seems to be in question now as increasing evidence
points to widespread population declines. Recent analyses of harvest
data across North America suggest a reduction in their numbers, but this
has not been widely corroborated by population surveys. In this study we
replicated historic muskrat house count surveys at two large Great Lakes
coastal wetlands and present confirmation that declines in muskrat
harvest correspond to actual declines in muskrat abundance. At the Point
Pelee National Park marsh and the Matchedash Bay-Gray Marsh wetland we
found that mean muskrat house counts declined by 93% and 91%
respectively between historic surveys 40-50 years ago and contemporary
surveys over the past five years. The factors responsible for these
dramatic declines remain unclear but there may be a relationship with
changes in the habitat quality of these wetlands that have occurred over
the same time frame. Not only is the loss of muskrats an issue for the
resulting loss of the wetland ecosystem services they provide, but it
may be an indication of broader marsh ecosystem degradation. As such, a
scarcity of muskrats should be considered a red flag for the state of
biodiversity in our wetlands. Continued surveys and ongoing research are
needed to shed more light on the current status of muskrat populations
and their marsh habitats across their native range. Keywords: Fur
harvest; Muskrat; Ondatra; Population decline; Typha;
Wetlands
Substantial Growth of Atretic Pulmonary Artery after Repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Wu Shye-Jao , Fan Ya-Fen , Wang Nien-Lu , Chen Ming-Ren , Lin Yu-Huei
Published: January 2021

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a disease entity with high mortality rate.
Association with atretic left pulmonary artery increased the complexity
of the anomalies. Here, we reported a newborn baby with these complex
congenital anomalies successfully treated surgically. Over 13 years
after surgery, there was substantial growth of left pulmonary artery
which was angiographically atretic at his newborn stage, which was
rarely reported. Currently, this patient is drug free and is in
functional class I of New York heart association.
COVID-19 and the related accounting considerations in preparing financial statements and disclosure requirements
Authors: Khan Ghias
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this case study is to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on financial reporting from the different view sides of IFRS disclosure requirements. Most of the countries in the world carrying the effects of COVID-19 and nearly a quarter of the population is quarantined and most of the business is in lockdown condition. As a result of the businesses working online as well as change their pattern of operations due to COVID-19 pandemic. The government also imposes legislation related to it and there must be significant changes in IFRS implication concerning pandemic to improve the situation in all the way. A questionnaire has been prepared and send to the concerned officials of the company in the subject here to ascertain the facts related to the implications of IFRS adoption in the current period of the pandemic. The questionnaire covers around 31 aspects related to disclosures as per IFRS and the study here analyzes how Unilever Pakistan Limited adopted these changes or in which areas still following the same policy without impacting COVID-19.
Kinetic study of surfactant cobalt (III) complexes by [Fe(CN)6 4-]: Outer-Sphere Electron-Transfer in Ionic liquids and Liposome Vesicle
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, DMI-St-Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia, Karuppiah Nagaraj , Pakkirisamy Pakkirisamy ,   Department of Biochemistry, DMI-St-Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia, Gladwin Gunasekaran ,   Department of Mathematics, DMI-St-Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: January 2021

UV-Vis., absorption spectroscopy are used to monitor the electron transfer reaction between the surfactant cobalt(III) complexes, cis-[Co(ip)2(C14H29NH2)2]3+, cis-[Co(dpq)2(C14H29NH2)2]3+ and cis-[Co(dpqc)2(C14H29NH2)2]3+ (ip = imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, dpq = dipyrido[3,2-d:2’-3’-f]quinoxaline, dpqc = dipyrido[3,2-a:2’,4’-c](6,7,8,9-tetrahydro)phenazine, C14H29NH2=Tetradecylamine) and [Fe(CN)6]4- ion in liposome vesicles (DPPC) and ionic liquids ((BMIM)Br) were investigated at different temperatures under pseudo first order conditions using an excess of the reductant. The reactions were found to be second order and the electron transfer is postulated as outer-sphere. The rate constant for the electron transfer reactions were found to increase with increasing concentrations of ionic liquids. The effects of hydrophobicity of the long aliphatic double chains of these surfactant complex ions into liposome vesicles on these reactions have also been studied. Below the phase transition temperature of DPPC, the rate decreased with increasing concentration of DPPC, while above the phase transition temperature the rate increased with increasing concentration of DPPC. Kinetic data and activation parameters are interpreted in terms of an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism. In all these media the S# values are found to be negative in direction in all the concentrations of complexes used indicative of more ordered structure of the transition state. This is consistent with a model in which the surfactant cobalt(III) complexes and Fe(CN)64- ions bind to the DPPC in the transition state. Thus, the results have been explained based on the self-aggregation, hydrophobic effect, and the reactants with opposite charge.
Surfactant Complex Binding to DNA Interaction Study: Controlling Hydrophobicity in β-Cyclodextrin–DNA Binding Reactions
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, DMI-St-Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia, Karuppiah Nagaraj , Pakkirisamy Muthukumaran , Gladwin Gunasekaran ,   Department of Biochemistry, DMI-St-Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: January 2021

The interaction of cis-[Co(phen)2(TA)2](ClO4)3, a cationic surfactant complex (phen = 1-10 phenanthroline, TA= Tetradecylamine), with calf thymus DNA has been studied by physici-chemical techniques. The spectroscopic studies together with cyclic voltammetry and viscosity experiments support that the surfactant-cobalt(III) complex binds to calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) by intercalation through the aliphatic chain present in the complex into the base pairs of DNA. The presence of phenanthroline ligand with larger -frame work may also enhance intercalation. Besides the effect of binding of surfactant cobalt(III) complex to DNA in presence of -cyclodextrin has also studied. In presence of -cyclodextrin the binding occur through surface and (or) groove binding. The complex was investigated as one of the potential
Odchylenia i wykonania budżetu oraz harmonogramu
przedsięwzięć budowlanych monitorowanych przez nadzór
bankowy na przykładzie budynków zbiorowego zamieszkania
Authors: Konior Jarosław , Szóstak Mariusz M.
Published: January 2021

Kluczowymi
elementami decydującymi o powodzeniu lub
porażce przedsięwzięć budowlanych są czas
i koszt. Celem artykułu jest analiza i ocena
przebiegu zróżnicowanych przedsięwzięć
budowlanych w zakresie badania odchylenia
i wykonania budżetu oraz harmonogramu
przedsięwzięć budowlanych. Obliczenia wykonane zgodnie z metodyką wartości wypracowanej (ang. earned value method – EVM)
pozwoliły na ocenę rzeczywiście wypracowanych harmonogramów oraz kosztów poszczególnych zadań inwestycyjnych. Dane
do analizy pozyskano z własnych doświadczeń i pracy zawodowej autorów artykułu
świadczących usługi bankowego inspektora
nadzoru w latach 2006-2019 w imieniu banków udzielających kredyty inwestycyjne dla
zamówień niepublicznych.
Genesis of the pleistocene hummocky moraines in the Moracke Planine Mountains (Montenegro)
Authors: Djurovic Mirela
Published: January 2021

The Moracke Planine Mountains, situated in the central part of Montenegro,
were the center of intensive Pleistocene glaciation. Specific type of
moraines - hummocky ones, which have not been recorded in the southeastern
Dinarides up to now, were recently identified and investigated in western
part of the Moracke Planine Mts. Moraine material accumulated on limestone
basement, where several tens of irregularly distributed hummocks and similar
number of bowl-shaped dolines have been carved already. The hummocky
moraines formed in the glaciokarst landscape where the well-developed karst
morphology has been shaped before glaciation. Pre-glacial karst morphology
determined the direction of glacier movement as well as its main
morphological characteristics (thickness and width). During the most
intensive glaciation phase (?IS 12) the Lukavicko-lukovski Glacier, spread
out from the central part of mountain towards west, reaching a length of
16.5 km. Due to uneven glacier thickness, the deglaciation process led to
its breaking and separation of the lower and shorter part from the rest of
the icy mass. Stagnant state of the icy mass led to specific accumulation of
moraine material in a form of numerous hummocks, whose melting produced a
bowl-shaped dolinas in-between. The paleogeographic significance of hummocky
moraines lies in the possibilities of more detailed studies of the
Pleistocene glaciers specifics that arise from their evolution in
glacio-karst conditions.
Weakening of spatial planning system in Serbia - age of prevailing of spatial plans for special purpose areas (2010-2020)
Authors: Djordjevic Dejan , Dabovic Tijana , Bijelic Branislav , Poledica Bojana
Published: January 2021

In the first two decades of the 21st century, the spatial planning system in
Serbia underwent a significant transformation following the general trends
of change in Serbia. The neoliberal-market model of the economy has directly
led to the apparent suppression of social services and of the environmental
sector. After 2010, the formerly hierarchical organised system slowly began
to marginalise national, regional and local planning. Instead of that,
planning of special purpose areas became dominant and almost ubiquitous.
This plan, according to the Law, can cover all types of infrastructure, all
types of mining, tourist facilities and areas, energy, protected nature
objects and cultural and historical monuments, as well as the so-called
Belgrade Waterfront and the National Stadium. The paper analyses the causal
relationships that have led to the current state of planning, given the
systematisation of spatial plans of the special purpose areas so far
prepared. Additionally, the paper also discusses the effectiveness of such a
partial approach to the field of spatial planning and landscaping in Serbia.
Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19
Authors: Ison Michael G.
Published: January 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review.
This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references.
Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction
Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndromes in Children: A Review of Sedative and Analgesic Weaning
Authors: Windsor R. Blake , Solodiuk Jean
Published: January 2021

Iatrogenic withdrawal syndromes develop in children exposed to prolonged sedative and analgesic medications. Signs of withdrawal include central nervous system irritability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction. The most important steps to the safe management of sedative and analgesic weaning in children are the early identification of the risk of withdrawal, use of a validated withdrawal assessment scale, use of nonpharmacologic interventions, and administration of medication for weaning, if indicated. This article reviews the physiologic mechanisms of opioid tolerance and withdrawal, validated pediatric withdrawal scales, and safe management of iatrogenic withdrawal syndromes. Figures illustrate cellular responses to acute and chronic exposure to opioids. A suggested algorithm for the safe and rapid weaning of sedative and analgesic medications, using the best available evidence, is discussed.
Key words: analgesic weaning, opioid tolerance, pediatric withdrawal, sedation weaning, weaning algorithm for children
Advanced Hepatic Disease
Authors: Jones Courtney , France Cory
Published: January 2021

Advanced liver disease poses many challenges to the anesthesiologist. In this focused review, we will identify the varying etiologies and demographics of the disease before detailing the wide-ranging impact on various organ systems. The effects of liver disease are often profound and require a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Particular attention will be paid to those areas in which a thorough evaluation and optimization can enhance perioperative outcomes of those with advanced liver disease. Given the liver’s extensive involvement in drug metabolism, we will also review drug dosing and how it is altered in advanced disease. Procedures commonly performed on patients with advanced hepatic dysfunction will be discussed as their role is increasing in the management of the disease. While liver disease is familiar to the medical community, there have been recent advances that provide the anesthesiologist with new evidence-based management strategies. Though there is still much work to be done to understand the complex interactions of severe hepatic dysfunction, these recent advances will be highlighted to improve current management of these ill patients.

This review contains 5 tables, and 51 references.
Key Words: Thromboelastogram (TEG), MELD-Na, Prothrombin complex concentrates, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, Portopulmonary Hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax, Large volume paracentesis, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Physiologic and Anatomic Changes during Pregnancy
Authors: Alfadhel Abdulaziz , Young Han Elizabeth , Drzymalski Dan
Published: January 2021

Pregnancy results in physiologic and anatomic changes that allow the mother to adapt to the greater metabolic requirements of pregnancy. These changes include the enlarging uterus, which results in compression of surrounding structures, and increased hormonal production, which exerts its effects on maternal physiology. Cardiac output increases to maintain higher uterine blood flow, and minute ventilation increases, which results in a chronic respiratory alkalosis. Plasma volume increases, which results in physiologic anemia of pregnancy and may contribute to gestational thrombocytopenia. An understanding of these and other changes that occur in pregnancy is important for the anesthesiologist because they have important implications for management of the parturient undergoing an anesthetic procedure. The goal of this chapter is to highlight some of the most salient features of physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and to begin to offer some basic anesthetic management strategies.
This review contains 6 tables, and 36 references.
Key Words: airway changes during labor, cardiovascular changes during pregnancy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gestational thrombocytopenia, hydronephrosis during pregnancy, left uterine displacement, physiologic anemia, ventilatory mechanics
Local Anesthetics for Neuraxial and Regional Techniques
Authors: Schontz Michael J , Geiger Krystina
Published: January 2021

Local anesthetics are used with neuraxial and regional techniques to provide pain relief, most commonly postoperatively. Each agent is a sodium-channel blocker, although each agent differs in onset of action, potency, duration of action, and safety profile. Chemical structure and lipophilicity are the main determinants of these characteristics. The agents may be used alone or in combination with an additive which alters the local anesthetic’s properties . Clinically, local anesthetics provide pain relief in a multimodal approach. This reduces opiate consumption, opiate-related adverse effects, and length of stay. Additional benefits when using neuraxial techniques include decreases in mortality, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, respiratory depression, and duration of ileus. Although there are many adverse effects, the most serious include neurologic and cardiovascular. Seizures and cardiac arrest may result from local anesthetic systemic toxicity when systemic levels are elevated or the patient is predisposed. Dose adjustment, removal, or reversal of the agent may be clinically indicated. Lipid emulsion therapy is a reversal agent which acts as a sequestering vehicle for the local anesthetic. Liposomal bupivacaine, the newest formulation of local anesthetic, may provide an increased duration of action compared with standard formulations, although more evidence is needed.

This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, and 59 references.
Keywords: amide, ester, epidural, local anesthetic, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, lipid emulsion therapy, liposomal bupivacaine, peripheral nerve block
Modes of Ventilation
Authors: Harrison Michael J
Published: January 2021

Lung ventilation is required to maintain oxygenation and eliminate carbon dioxide. The basic parameters of ventilation—tidal volume, respiratory rate, airway resistance, and lung and thoracic compliance—all combine to affect the airway pressure. These parameters, in turn, can affect cardiac output and hemodynamic stability through their effect on intrathoracic pressure and on venous return to the heart. Since the 1950s, many machines have been designed to allow the physician to optimize ventilation. These designs have revolved around three physical variables: volume, pressure, and time. Volume is required to overcome the anatomic respiratory dead space and allows gas exchange in the alveoli. Pressure is required to inflate the elastic system comprising the lungs and thorax, but must also be limited to prevent tissue damage. Time not only determines the respiratory rate but also the rate of flow of gas in and out of the lungs.
Many permutations of these basic parameters in anesthesia machines are available today. Knowledge of the common forms of ventilation and their advantages and disadvantages will guide the anesthesiologist in choosing from among these various complex systems.

This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and 27 references.
Key words: CPAP, HFOV, IMV, IPPV, jet ventilation, PEEP, pressure cycled, pulmonary ventilation, SIMV, spontaneous, volume cycled
External and Implantable Pacemakers and Defibrillators
Authors: Saffary Roya
Published: January 2021

Approximately 250,000 pacemakers are implanted every year in the United States.26 As the population continues to age, the number is likely to increase; therefore, it is imperative for all physicians, especially anesthesiologists, to become familiar with implantable cardiac devices and the appropriate management of patients with these devices. Anesthesiologists must be comfortable evaluating and managing patients with pacemakers and/or defibrillators during the perioperative period, as more of this patient population present for noncardiac, elective surgery. This requires a strong understanding of the types of devices, indications, settings, and functionality. In addition, it is important to understand and anticipate possible interactions during surgery with surgical instruments, such as bi- and monopolar electrocautery. This review provides a brief overview of the history of implantable devices, presents the guidelines regarding indications for placement, discusses important management considerations, and concludes with recent advances and future directions.
This review contains 1 figures, 5 tables, and 30 references. 
Key Words: cardiac, defibrillator, electrophysiology, external, implantable, pacemaker, pacing, transcutaneous, transvenous
Sedation in the Intensive Care Setting
Authors: Wallisch IV William John , Kaynar Ata Murat
Published: January 2021

The recent clinical trials on sedation and delirium in the ICU shifted the scales dramatically in the past 10 to 20 years and less sedation is now the accepted norm with titration goals. Now the art of sedation is in the hands of the clinicians to achieve a balance between alleviation of pain and anxiety while keeping patients calm, cooperative, and part of daily activities in the ICU. In this chapter we summarize the various assessment tools for optimal sedation in the ICU as well as the medications used to achieve sedation. However, the clinicians should not forget the nonpharmacologic approaches such as prevention of sleep interruption as part of a successful comprehensive sedation program in the ICU.
This review contains 3 tables, and 22 references.
Key Words: confusion assessment method, delirium, dexmedetomidine, etomidate, fentanyl, GABA, ketamine, propofol, Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS), sedation-agitation scale (SAS)
Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: Scirica Benjamin J , Gutierrez J. Antonio T.
Published: January 2021

By definition, chronic stable angina is angina that has been stable with regard to frequency and severity for at least 2 months. Chronic stable angina is the initial manifestation of coronary heart disease in approximately 50% of patients. Typically, this type of angina occurs in the setting of atherosclerotic coronary arterial narrowing, although other causes are possible. This review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, initial evaluation, differential diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with chronic stable angina. Figures show noninvasive testing and the probability of coronary artery disease; diagnosis of patients with suspected ischemic heart disease; probability of severe coronary artery disease; coronary outcomes for high- versus low-intensity statin therapy; optimal medical therapy (OMT) versus OMT and percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic angina; OMT versus percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary heart disease; and coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention for diabetes and coronary artery disease. Tables list the grading of angina pectoris by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification system, the differential diagnosis of chest pain, conditions promoting myocardial oxygen supply and demand mismatch, the features of typical angina, the classification of chest pain, a comparison of the pretest likelihood of coronary heart disease (CHD) in low-risk and high-risk symptomatic patients, the posttest probability of significant CHD based on pretest probabilities of CHD and normal or abnormal results of noninvasive studies, survival according to risk groups based on Duke treadmill scores, high- and moderate-intensity statin therapy, revascularization to improve survival compared with medical therapy, revascularization to improve symptoms with significant anatomic (≥ 50% left main or ≥ 70% nonleft main coronary artery disease) or physiologic (fractional flow reserve ≤ 0.80) coronary artery stenoses, and questions recommended by an expert panel for patients with chronic stable angina at follow-up visits.
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 13 tables, and 109 references.