bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MADHAB OF ABU ISA TIRMIDHI IN AQEEDA AND FIQH
Authors: al-Damanhuriy Ahmad Saad
Published: February 2022

Although this article is devoted to the personality of Imam Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi, the author of the book al-Jamiʼ, known as as-Sunan, it focuses mainly on revealing the truth about his doctrinal and jurisprudential views. It seeks to answer the question of whether Imam alTirmidhi’s views contradict the Ahl as-Sunnah or not, as some suggested. These aspects are covered in the article based on three paragraphs. The first point is entitled “The Status of Imam alTirmidhi in Science and the Importance of Al-Jami as-Sahih.” This paragraph describes the status of Imam Tirmidhi and the significance of the book “al-Jami” inherited from him. The second paragraph, “The Creed of Imam al-Tirmidhi” states that Imam al-Tirmidhi followed to the Hadith School. This paragraph reveals that the scholar followed the path of interpreting some verses, which is also the path of the Ahl as-Sunnah. Also, Imam al-Tirmidhi’s views on murtakib alkabira, the issue of faith, and the fact that action is a condition for the perfection of faith coincide with the Ahl as-Sunnah. The third paragraph, entitled “Fiqh of Imam alTirmidhi”, examines the scholar’s approach to jurisprudence. In this regard, Imam al-Tirmidhi was a scholar of hadith and jurisprudence, but he paid more attention to the science of hadith, narrated the words of the Companions and the followers about jurisprudence, the arguments of the sects, and preferred some of them. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Imam alTirmidhi was not an independent mujtahid like Abu Hanifa and the Shafi’i, but a mujtahid scholar who could make tarjih based on hadith. The results are followed by important ideas and conclusions
THE PLURAL OF A FEW IN THE «AL– MUFASSAL FI SAN’ATI-L-I’RAB»
Authors: Nasirova Malika
Published: February 2022

In this article, the methods of considering the plural of a few in the Arabic language of the outstanding linguist of the Middle Ages Mahmud Zamakhshary are involved in the analysis. In addition, the author considers the points of view on this issue of the founder of the theoretical grammar of the Arabic language, the famous representative of the early Middle Ages Sibawaihi and other linguists. In the Arabic language, the grammatical section “ism” is characterized by the category of number, which is represented by single, dual, and plural (regular and broken form) forms. The plural is used when more than two objects or persons are meant. The plural in Arabic divides into the following two large groups: 1) the correct plural form; 2) a broken plural form. “The plural is divisible into the plural of a few and the plural of many. The plural of a few are words for up to ten items. These include words formed according to .أثواب «أجربة, غلمة , - for exampleافعل أفعال فعلة the patterns In addition, these include words formed with waw-nun and alif-ta.” All remaining patterns are used for plurals of many. Regular masculine and feminine plurals are used for plurals of a few. In Arabic linguistics, there are such concepts as “jam’ akbar”, “jam’ asgar” and “jam’u-l-jam’”.
DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SIYAR SCIENCE
Authors: Jurayev Shukrullo
Published: February 2022

The international community did not immediately reach the current level of regulation of international relations.This process is the result of international legal practical experience accumulated from the distant past to the present. Islamic law also plays a special role in this process. The article provides information on the formation and development of the “Siyar” branch of Islamic law, which is the science of regulating international relations in Islam. Siyar first described the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In addition, Siyar is the science of rules arranging the relations of Muslims with members of other religions in times of war and peace. In particular, we studied the rules of jurisprudence on the treaties of war and peace between Muslims and non-Muslims, the humanitarian principles to be followed in waging war, the procedure for sending ambassadors to other countries, the rights and obligations of representatives of different religions living in Muslim lands through Siyar science. The development of Siyar science was a necessity of the time. As a result of the expansion of the Arab Caliphate, there was a need to establish relations with members of different religions and nationalities. It led scholars to write works on Siyar. In particular, faqihs such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shabi, Imam Muhammad, Awzai, Sawri, and Fazari wrote books on this subject. Specialists who have studied the science of Siyar also show its peculiarities in their works. In particular, they expressed that international relations in Islam depended on moral principles.
O papel emacipador do direito em um contexto de linhas abissais e algoritmos
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Morais Fausto Santos de , Tena Lucimara Plaza
Published: February 2022

O marco histórico do presente estudo é o da Sociedade da Informação (Sociedade 4.0), que se forma e se fundamenta a partir de dados. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a ação dos algoritmos quando se comportam como armas matemáticas de destruição, as consequências dessa ferramenta e possíveis alternativas para reduzir o seu impacto na sociedade e nas vidas humanas, o que justifica o referencial teórico escolhido, qual seja: Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2007) e Cathy O’ Neil (2016). O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo o qual questiona se o Direito é capaz de exercer papel emancipatório em prol do desenvolvimento dos direitos da personalidade diante da manipulação dos algoritmos. A conclusão mostra que é possível ao Direito ser agente transformador na Sociedade da Informação produzindo e fortalecendo a regulação adequada dessa ferramenta de Inteligência Artificial. A metodologia empregada é a revisão bibliográfica
EXPERIENCIA DE EDUCACIÓN EN PRODUCCIÓN AGROECOLÓGICA FAMILIAR y DESARROLLO AGROPECUARIO
Authors: Riveros Antonio
Published: February 2022

El estudio de investigación, identifico y analizo aspectos educacionales-formativos y de intercambio, dentro de procesos técnico-productivos, sociales, culturales que desarrollan algunos agricultores(as), desde una perspectiva de revaloración de “saberes locales”, bajo los enfoques de la producción agroecológica familiar, y la relación e influencia de éstos en su entorno comunal y territorial. Parte del proceso encontró soporte en la aplicación práctica de sus experiencias locales y conocimientos ancestrales, como base para la creación de conocimiento nuevo a nivel familiar, y su transferencia e intercambio desde las familias agroecológicas hacia los propios productores(as) locales, utilizando metodologías de educación andragógica. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el nivel de relación e influencia entre la experiencia de educación en producción agroecológica familiar con los procesos de desarrollo agropecuario de familias rurales, -a nivel de verificación de procesos de intercambio y transferencia de experiencias-. A nivel especifico se tuvo como objetivos establecer estas relaciones a nivel de los procesos de producción agrícola y pecuario. Para el estudio se aplicó el diseño metodológico: “Correlacional No Experimental”. Para el análisis de las variables, se utilizó Cuestionarios, como instrumentos de recojo de información (26 items de tipo abierto-Valoración Escala Likert). Las unidades de análisis lo conformaron los “productores(as) agroecológicos”; y a su vez, las unidades de muestreo fueron las “unidades agrícolas”. Los resultados de la investigación demostraron que existe tendencias sobre la predisposición de las familias de productores(as), para la aplicación y/o adopción sistemática de tecnología validada para la producción agroecológica, a través de la creación y conservación de saberes locales, conducentes a procesos de innovación para el desarrollo sostenible de su agricultura y producción pecuaria. Se puede inferir que, entre las variables de estudio existe una relación pertinente ya que en ambos casos la muestra se encuentra en un nivel basado en los procesos productivos actuales que desarrolla la población comunal en estudio
¿Es ético canonizar la globalización?
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: February 2022

Este artículo analiza la etapa final del capitalismo, la globalización, en cuanto a sus beneficios para con la mayor parte de la humanidad. Cuestiona este proceso de mundialización cuyo principio es la exclusión de la mayoría. Explica cómo el neoliberalismo planifica la economía a partir del mercado mundial desde un cálculo económico que monetiza todos los valores humanos. Asume que una ideología y un modelo económico hay que juzgarlos por sus efectos humanos y, en este sentido, la inequidad, la miseria y la corrupción son los tres grandes motivos del descontento general.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 383-402.
El mundo laboral de las mujeres en la microempresa
Authors: Martínez Julia Evelin
Published: February 2022

Este artículo expone la situación de desigualdad que enfrenta la mujer en el sector informal como propietaria o empleada de unidades económicas microempresariales. Este hecho trae consigo graves implicaciones en términos de equidad y posibilidades reales para el desarrollo socioeconómico del país, lo cual se evidencia en un ingreso mensual promedio menor que el del hombre que realiza la misma actividad; menor cobertura al sistema de seguridad social; la doble jornada de trabajo, ya que también tiene que realizar labores de domesticidad, etc. Por tanto, hace una reflexión sobre el futuro del sector informal dentro de la economía neoliberal salvadorefia y enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar, dentro de este sector, un enfoque de género.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 403-416.
La alternativa socialista
Authors: Corominas Jordi
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 436-442.
Cumbre de San José ; Partidos políticos ; Condonación de la deuda agraria
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 490-499.
A cien días del primero de mayo
Authors: Villacorta Zuluaga Carmen Elena
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 585-586, 1997: 733-737.
The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy and trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation versus spinal manipulative therapy and placebo trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of mild to moderate chronic tension-type headache
Authors:   , Fonseca Shane Warren
Published: February 2022

Headaches have been described as the most common medical complaint in society (Dalessia 1987:3), and Tension-type headaches constitute approximately 80% of these (Martin 1993:22). Although Episodic tension-type headache is more prevalent than Chronic tension-type headache and may have a greater societal impact, Chronic tension-type headache has by far a greater individual impact (Schwartz et aI, 1998) on the patient. The exact causes of Chronic tension-type headaches are not known and, as a result, treatment is commonly symptomatic in nature and aimed at reducing pain. To date, treatment commonly involves the use of drugs and with it comes the threat of drug-induced side-effects (Bendtsen et aI, 1996). The purpose of this study was to investigate two non-pharmacological treatments in the management of Chronic tension-type headaches, namely the relative effectiveness of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) in conjunction with Trans-cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), as compared with SMT and placebo TENS. ABSTRACT It was hypothesized that SMT in conjunction with TENS would provide a greater immediate and short-term benefit in comparison to SMT and placebo TENS in the treatment of mild
The relative effectiveness of combined "action potential therapy" and patella mobilization versus combined placebo "action potential therapy" and patella mobilization in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors:   , Goldberg Jenifer
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of combined Action Potential Therapy (APT) and patella mobilization versus combined patella mobilization and placebo Action Potential Therapy in the treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. The study was a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study. The study involved 60 subjects, 30 in each group which were selected from the general population. Group one received patella mobilization and APT while group two received patella mobilization and placebo APT. Patients received four treatments over a period of two weeks. The first treatment consisted of patella mobilization and APT (group one) or patella mobilization and placebo APT (group two), treatment 2,3 and 4 consisted of APT (group one) or placebo A,PT (group two). Subjective assessment was by means of the short form Me Gill pain Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale - 101 Questionnaire and the Patient Specific Functional Scale. Objective assessment of tenderness was by means of an algometer. Assessments were taken on the first, second and fifth consultations for all subjective and objective measures. Statistical analysis was completed under the supervision of Dr Myburgh at Technikon Natal, at a 95% confidence interval. The parametric two-sample paired t-test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to analyze data within each group, while the parametric
The efficacy of patella mobilization in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors:   , Rowlands Brett
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of patella mobilization in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome, This was a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, pilot study, Group A received patella mobilization, while Group B, the placebo group, received detuned ultrasound, The study involved 30 subjects, 15 in each group selected from the general population, Each subject was treated eight times within a four week period, however if they became asymptomatic prior to their eighth treatment the subjective and objective data normally collected on the eighth treatment was collected on their last consultation, patients were required to return for a one month follow-up from the date of their last consultation, Each subject was assessed by means of the short-form Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Questionnaire and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, Objectively their pressure-pain threshold and tolerance was assessed by means of an algometer, Assessments were taken at the first, eighth, and follow-up consultation for all the subjective and objective measurements, Algometer readings were also obtained at the fourth consultation, the pressure was applied at approximately one kilogram per centimeter squared per second, Excessively high or low readings were retaken, Statistical analysis was completed under the guidance of the statistician at Technikon, Natal, using the non-parametric Wilcoxon sign-rank test and the Mann- Whitney unpaired test comparing intra-group and inter-group data respectfully,
The effect of homoeopathic treatment on percentage germination of lettuce (lacuta savita) seeds and the effect of a homoeopathic antidote upon these treatments
Authors:   , Hopkins Crofton Russell
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of homoeopathic medicine treatments on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seed germination. It was hypothesized that Sulphur, Nitric acid and Camphor treatments would effect seed germination and that a combination of the formative two treatments individually combined with Camphor at the same potency levels would have an antidotal effect when compared to the original outcome. Four experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 - Germinability trial utilizing high germinability Commander cultivar seed (96% germinability) involving the application of four homoeopathic treatments (Sulphur, Nitric acid, Sulphur/Camphor, Nitric acid/Camphor) at thirty different potency levels (3CH~32CH) and a Control. Experiment 2 - Germinability trial utilizing 0% germinability Commander cultivar seed involving application of four homoeopathic treatments (Sulphur, Nitric acid, Sulphur/Camphor, and Nitric acid/Camphor) at four different potency levels (3CH, 9CH, 15CH & 30CH) and a Control. Experiment 3 - Germinability trial utilizing three different cultivars (Greenfield, Great Lakes and Grand Rapids) involving application of five homoeopathic treatments (Sulphur, Nitric acid, Sulphur/Camphor, Nitric acid/Camphor and Camphor) at four different potency levels (3CH, 9CH, 15CH & 30CH). Experiment 4 - Germinability trial utilizing four different cultivars (Commander, Greenfield, Great Lakes and Grand Rapids) involving one homoeopathic treatment (Camphor 3CH) under four different light and temperature conditions (light @ 15\xB0C; light @ 29\xB0C; dark @ 15\xB0C and dark @ 29\xB0C). The investigation supported the above hypotheses with clear measurable and statistically significant differences being noted for Sulphur, Nitric acid and Camphor on lettuce seed germination. Camphor showed consistently faster germ inability when compared to other treatments independent of cultivar type. Combined treatments of Sulphur/Camphor and Nitric acid/Camphor (in &
The therapeutic efficacy of invasive needling techniques in the management of myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome
Authors:   , Broome Richard John
Published: February 2022

Myofascial trigger points are a frequently overlooked and misunderstood phenomenon in medical curricula, yet with correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment the prognosis is usually excellent. Many effective treatments have been devised for myofascial trigger points, but the problem is that there is very little research to substantiate which of these treatments are the most effective. The aim of this randomised uncontrolled study was to justify the hypotheses which stated that both dry needling and saline injection would prove to be effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points, with saline injection proving to be the most effective of the two. Patients were obtained for this study by convenience sampling, whereby any patients presenting to the Chiropractic clinic at Technikon Natal with neck,\xB7 upper back or shoulder pains were considered for the study. Of these patients, only those who conformed to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. The sample size of thirty patients was randomly divided into two treatment groups of fifteen, one of which received saline injection and the other dry needling of active myofascial trigger points. Both groups were educated with regards to the nature and perpetuating factors of the condition, \xB7andwere instructed to follow a specific stretching programme.
A Discursive Approach to Modern Ukrainian Non-institutional Military Discourse
Authors: Khraban Tetiana
Published: February 2022

The aim of the article is to prove the need for discourse analysis for the study of modern Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse; to substantiate the methodological approach in line of discourse analysis to the study of the psychological and social context of the Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse. Materials &methods. The study has used a set of general scientific research methods (analysis, classification, systematization, explanation) in order to analyze scientific sources, to generalize research data, to define concepts. Results &discussions. The scientific interest of social psychology and sociolinguistics is aimed at studying the following aspects of non-institutional military discourse: 1)intentional (intentions, strategies, plans), namely, cultural differentiation, construction and protection of personal identity; 2)mainstreaming (embodiment of intentions in the sign-symbolic space of discourse), for example, appeal to metaphorical models, actualization of the concept WAR and its components; 3)pragmatic, namely, adaptation of military servicemen to combat stress, psychological protection from the destructive effects of a traumatic situation;4)identifying (recognition and understanding of meanings, values, construction of identity), notably, creation of a single cultural and symbolic space of a separate military community, construction of the opposition “friend foe”;5)contextual (expansion of the semantic field on the basis of socio-cultural, historical and other contexts),which is reflected in the information and psychological confrontation during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict;6)emotional, such as the definition of emotional and semantic dominance that is peculiar to military discourse. In this perspective, non-institutional military discourse can serve as a material for studying the goal-setting of ideology in society. Principles of critical discourse analysis developed by T.Van Dijk is especially relevant for the study of the peculiarities of non-institutional military discourse during unjust, aggression wars aimed at conquering foreign countries.Due to the complexity and versatility of non-institutional military discourse it is also necessary to turn to another type of discursive analysis, which has the most empirically oriented approach and allows to focus on extensive psychological issues such as cognition, emotions, attitudes, values, prejudices, memory, motives; namely, discursive psychology.Conclusions. The focus on achieving the most effective and efficient implementation of the study requires recourse to discourse analysis as the methodological approach. The concept of critical discourse analysis developed by T.Van Dijk and discursive psychology are more relevant for the study of modern Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse. Key words: critical discourse analysis, discursive psychology, non-institutional military discourse.
Fecal secretory immunoglobulin a, human ß defensin-2, and calprotectin levels in preterm neonates who consumes breast milk only, formula milk only, and combination
Authors: Eko Sulistijono  , Putri Primawardani  , Rusdian N. Ningsih  , Bernardinus P.A. Pradipta
Published: February 2022

Background: Secretory immunoglobulin A, human ß-defensin2 and calprotectin play an essential role in digestive system defense. This study aims to assess fecal SIgA, hBD-2, and calprotectin in preterm neonates (as inflammation marker) with different feeding patterns.

Method: This study was cohort designed included 39 preterm neonates, which were categorized into breast milk only, formula milk only, and combination. Fecal SIgA, hBD-2, and calprotectin measured by ELISA.

Results: Fecal SIga in the breast milk only group were significantly higher (p<0.005). Fecal HBD-2 and calprotectin in the formula milk only group were highest but not significantly different (p=0.463) with the combination group.

Conclusion: Fecal SIgA levels that consumed breast milk only were significantly higher. Fecal HBD-2 and calprotectin levels that consumed formula milk only were highest but not significantly different from the combination group.
Mechanical ventilation practice of pediatric patients with Covid-19 in Indonesian tertiary hospital
Authors: Kurniawan Taufiq Kadafi  , Erviani Maulidya  , William Prayogo Susanto  , Saptadi Yuliarto
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in children tend to have milder clinical manifestation. However, some develop critical conditions and require mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Various modalities are recommended for mechanical ventilation, such as High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), or invasive ventilation with intubation. This study aims to describe the clinical feature, ventilation modalities usage, and the outcome of children with critical COVID-19.

Methods: This is a retrospective study in COVID-19 children with respiratory distress who were treated in the COVID-19 isolation PICU room of Saiful Anwar General Hospital for one year. The data was gained from the medical record and analyzed descriptively. Data were analyzed using Ms. Excel for Windows.

Results: A total of 51 children with COVID-19 were admitted to Saiful Anwar general Hospital in one year period, with 12 of them in critical condition and 6 children require mechanical ventilation. The main signs developed were fever and dyspnea. Invasive mechanical ventilation applicated in 5 patients, and only 1 patient received Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV). The mean of PEEP used in invasive ventilation is 7-9 cmH2O, lower than ESPNIC’s recommendation of 8-10 cmH2O. Length of ventilator usage is 2-21 days, with 2 patients passed away, both with a comorbid and organ system injury.

Conclusion: The mechanical ventilation setting must be determined individually based on the patients’ condition, despite several guidelines providing the recommendation.
Relationship of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in breast milk colostrum with the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
Authors: Anik Puryatni  , Prasetya Ismail  , Fireka Juniantika  , Bayu Kurniawan
Published: February 2022

Background: Colostrum contains various bioactive compounds that have various roles and potentials in preventing the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). EGF and IGF-1 are growth factors found in breast milk colostrum in the form of polypeptides that play a role in regulating and stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between EGF and IGF-1 levels in breast milk colostrum with the occurrence of NEC in neonates.

Methods: This analytical observational study was conducted at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang during June-August 2019 on mothers and neonates who were breastfed. Maternal colostrum was collected at 72 hours postpartum, while NEC incidence in infants was determined prospectively. EGF and IGF-1 levels in colostrum were examined using the ELISA method. The data were processed by SPSS 21 program and analyzed using Spearman’s test and logistic regression.

Results: 24 mother and baby pair samples were included in the study. The mean level of EGF in maternal colostrum was 466±304 ng/ml, and the mean level of IGF-1 was 1.99±0.96 ng/ml with no significant difference in levels based on gestational age. There is a strong negative correlation between the levels of EGF (r = -0.630; p=0.001) and IGF-1 (r = -0.646; p=0.001) on the occurrence of NEC. With the regression test, there was no significant effect between the levels of IGF-1 (p=0.995) and EGF (p=0.997) on NEC occurrence.

Conclusion: EGF and IGF-1 levels have a significant relationship to the occurrence of NEC. The higher levels of EGF and IGF-1 contained in breast milk colostrum reduced the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.
Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome among Patients Managed for Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Tertiary Facility in Sokoto State
Authors: Isezuo K. Omeneke , Amodu-Sanni Maryam , Adamu Asma’u , Garba B. Ilah , Jiya F , Bello Tahir Yusuf , Ugege M. Omoshalewa , Jibrin Baba
Published: February 2022

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects more than 20 million children worldwide, and it is highly prevalent in the African region where health systems are also coping with other highly prevalent infectious and non-infectious diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends more research in facilities on treatment outcomes in relation to risk factors and standards of follow up care. This study evaluated the clinical profile at presentation and outcome of treatment of SAM among patients admitted into a tertiary hospital in Sokoto Methods: A retrospective review of records of children aged six months to 5 years who were admitted for SAM over a two-year period. A proforma was used to collect the information on their socio-demographics, type of malnutrition, anthropometric characteristics, packed cell volume, complications, therapy received and outcome. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: Out of the 1862 patients admitted during the period, 159 (8.5%) had SAM, and of these, 107 records were available. Most cases were admitted in the rainy months of July to September. The male to female ratio was 1.43:1. The mean age was 21.0 ± 8.6 months. There were 66 (61.7%) cases of non-oedematous SAM and 41 (38.3%) cases of oedematous SAM. Oedematous SAM had lower pack cell volume and higher occipitofrontal circumference than non-oedematous SAM (p=0.03). Nutritional rehabilitation diet given included WHO formula milk and the hospital prepared nutrient kwash pap. Mean weight gain was 14g/kg/day, mortality was 45.8%, recovery rate 17%, and a large proportion 70.6% did not attend follow up. Weight was the only anthropometry documented subsequently till discharge. Conclusions: There was high mortality and poor follow up among the SAM patients. The managing team needs to improve refeeding practices with uniform diet, monitor all anthropometric indicators of recovery and ensure follow up of these patients in the community by appropriate referral.
Antibiotic Solutions for Surgical Irrigation
Authors: Darvesh Nazia , Butcher Robyn
Published: February 2022

During surgery, wounds can be washed out, or irrigated, using antibiotic, antiseptic, or saline solutions to prevent infections; the evidence in this report found over 20 different antibiotic solutions used across trials.

Most studies showed that antibiotic irrigation solutions were better or no different compared to using antiseptic, saline, or no irrigation; however, a small number of studies indicated otherwise. One study reported in a systematic review showed fewer infections and complications for antiseptic compared to a triple antibiotic solution, while another study included in the same systematic review found a higher percentage of implant loss when a triple antibiotic solution was compared to antiseptic; data were poorly reported in these studies.

Bacitracin-specific evidence was found in 2 studies; 1 study reported in 1 systematic review showed a higher percentage of infection when bacitracin irrigation was compared to cefazolin and saline irrigation; however, this was not statistically significant. Another study showed no differences in infections requiring surgical intervention or in hospitalization when bacitracin irrigation was compared to no irrigation.

One guideline recommends that wound irrigation and intracavity lavage should not be conducted during surgery, and that applying antibiotics before wound closure should only be done as part of a research trial.

Due to the mixed findings across studies, high-quality research is needed to clarify the role of antibiotic irrigation during surgery. Because guideline recommendations about wound irrigation, specifically, are based on research published before 2008, updated guidelines to include research from more current studies are needed to reflect current practice.
TRATAMENTO DOS EFLUENTES DA AULA DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA DA UECE/FAEC A PARTIR DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO ATIVADO DE BORRA DE CAFÉ
Authors: Lima Jessyca Nayara Mascarenhas , Lacerda Junior Orivaldo da Silva  , Siqueira Júnior Francisco Elton , Amâncio José  Miranda  , Rosendo Maria Carolaine Aurélio Fernandes , Siqueira Sebastiana Vieira
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo tem por objetivo o tratamento dos efluentes gerados nas aulas de Química Analítica com filtração com carvão ativado a partir da borra de café residual no Campus da UECE/FAEC.  Foi preparado carvão ativado utilizando ativante químico NaOH e calcinado a 550 oC o carvão foi caracterizado por difração de raios-X e FTIR. Os resultados de DRX demonstraram um material com característica amorfo, já o FTIR confirmou vibrações em torno de 1600 e 1400 cm-1 referente ao estiramento de ligações C-C e C=C de aromáticos ou de anéis de ligninas, típicos de material carbonáceo.  A partir dos ensaios de adsorção para três tipos de efluentes, os resultados demonstraram que o carvão foi eficiente para os efluentes dos frascos 1 e 3 com rendimento de 99% com reciclo de reuso de 5 vezes, sem perda de adsorção.
CENTRO DE APOIO À INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR DE CRIANÇAS E JOVENS AUTISTAS NA CIDADE DE BAURU - SP
Authors: Souza Beatriz Góes de , Chaves André Luiz de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

A proposta do trabalho trata-se de um estudo que se refere a um Centro de Atividades para autistas no município de Bauru, interior do Estado de São Paulo. O conteúdo tem como apoio bibliografias e uma ampla pesquisa, tais como, conversa com profissionais da área, dentre eles professores e médicos, visita técnica, busca por centros de atividades já existentes, que colaboraram com o estudo que pode comprovar a influência da arquitetura no desenvolvimento da criança e jovem com transtorno do espectro autismo. Desta maneira, o objetivo é trazer um novo projeto de centros de atividades e desenvolvimento para quem possui este transtorno e em seguida rever as formas de transformar e ensinar as modalidades de aprendizagem aplicados dentro desses locais, de maneira que a arquitetura contribua e colabore para o desenvolvimento e conforto de cada criança e jovem com o transtorno do espectro do autismo.
REAVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS CAUSAS MÚLTIPLAS DE MORTE NO BRASIL, 2015
Authors: Santo Augusto Hasiak , Pinheiro Celso Escobar
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho objetiva reavaliar a potencialidade de uso da metodologia das causas múltiplas de morte no Brasil, suas Regiões e Unidades da Federação, por meio da comparação de seus parâmetros atuais com aqueles observados no estudo anterior. Causas múltiplas de morte são consideradas todas as menções de causas e demais afecções informadas no Atestado Médico da Declaração de Óbito e qualificadas como causa básica e causas associadas (não-básicas) de morte. Lista de 120 classes apresenta as causas de morte mais importantes processadas pelo Tabulador de Causas Múltiplas. Fato importante a incorporação ao estudo dos óbitos ocorridos nos estados do Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Rondônia e Roraima. No Brasil, entre 2003 e 2015, por Declaração de Óbito, o número médio bruto de causas variou de 2,81 para 3,02 e a proporção de atestados com moda de três causas aumenta de 26,99% para 28,53%, moda atualmente abrangendo a Região Nordeste total. Ainda, nesse intervalo de tempo, o número de óbitos por causa básica mal definida reduziu 56,22% e sua identificação como causa básica diminuiu 46,22%, valores esses que refletem a melhora da qualidade dos dados de mortalidade. A discussão sobre o uso da metodologia das causas múltiplas de morte contém a sinopse dos mais importantes estudos epidemiológicos nacionais. Observada a necessidade de padronizar as convenções e definições sobre o uso da metodologia de causas múltiplas de morte. Recomendada a incorporação de listas críticas para controle de codificação e processamento das causas de morte ao SIM.
O DEBATE PSICOLÓGICO E FILOSÓFICO SOBRE A TEORIA DO RECONHECIMENTO NA VISÃO DE AXEL HONNETH: O QUE TORNA UMA PESSOA FELIZ
Authors: Andrade Andréa Costa de
Published: February 2022

O debate psicológico sobre a teoria do reconhecimento adquire relevância significativa na atualidade, uma vez que ser reconhecido para o indivíduo quer seja socialmente, politicamente ou culturalmente, relaciona-se a procura pelo respeito e pela autonomia. Em torno desse debate, a Psicologia, por meio do estudo da subjetividade e a Filosofia por meio do pensamento ético-político quanto ao conceito de reconhecimento encontra na teoria crítica do filósofo e sociólogo Axel Honneth uma forma de elucidar a relação existente entre subjetividade e intersubjetividade. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender o pensamento ético-político dos aspectos filosóficos de Axel Honneth sobre a teoria do reconhecimento, estabelecendo um percurso filosófico-psicológico quanto à importância de tornar uma pessoa feliz. A meta final foi incursionar conhecimentos sobre o tema reconhecimento nas teorias de Hegel e Axel Honneth; diferenciar a subjetividade filosófica e psicológica quanto ao tema reconhecimento; refletir sobre as questões da intersubjetividade na problemática do reconhecimento na Filosofia e na Psicologia e; identificar as relações entre o reconhecimento e a felicidade. Como recurso metodológico, presentifica-se a Fenomenologia de Martin Buber e do Espírito de Hegel estabelecendo um verdadeiro tratado sobre o reconhecimento que vem a defender conceitos como: moralidade, eticidade e da subjetividade, em conjunto a psicanálise lacaniana. A finalidade é construir uma compreensão do reconhecimento por meio das ideias filosóficas, conceitos psicológicos e dos argumentos críticos que Honneth desenvolvem uma trajetória e um arcabouço argumentativo em torno da temática do reconhecimento e sobre o que torna uma pessoa feliz permitindo apresentar críticas às ideias de outros filósofos ao falar sobre o tema reconhecimento.
Polar maps of C-band backscatter parameters from the Advanced Scatterometer
Authors: Cartwright Jessica , Fraser Alexander D. , Porter-Smith Richard
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Maps of backscatter anisotropy parameters from the
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
(EUMETSAT) Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), a C-band fan-beam scatterometer,
contain unique and valuable data characterising the surface and subsurface
of various cryospheric elements, including sea ice and ice sheets. The
computational expense and considerable complexity required to produce
parameter maps from the raw backscatter data inhibits the wider adoption of
ASCAT data. Here, backscatter anisotropy parameter maps gridded at a
resolution of 12.5 km per pixel are made available to the community in order
to facilitate the exploitation of these parameters for cryospheric
applications. These maps have been calculated from the EUMETSAT Level 1B
Sigma0 product acquired from ASCAT on board MetOp-A, MetOp-B and MetOp-C.
The dataset is unique in that it prioritises anisotropy characterisation
over temporal resolution and combines ASCAT data from multiple platforms.
The parameterisation chosen assumes a linear falloff of backscatter with
incidence angle and a fourth-order Fourier series parameterisation of azimuth
angle anisotropy. The product (Fraser and Cartwright, 2022) is
available at https://doi.org/10.26179/91c9-4783 presented on three timescales depending on orbital platform availability: 5 d (2007 to 2020 –
MetOp-A only – suitable for users requiring a long time series), 2 d
(2013 to 2020 – MetOp-A and MetOp-B) and 1 d resolution (2019–2020 –
MetOp -A, MetOp-B and MetOp-C – suitable for users needing both high temporal
resolution and detailed anisotropy characterisation). Datasets will be
updated annually.
A 41-year (1979–2019) passive microwave derived lake ice phenology data record of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Cai Yu , Duguay Claude R. , Ke Chang-Qing
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes at middle and high latitude regions. The annual freeze-up and break-up dates and the durations of ice cover (i.e., lake ice phenology) are sensitive to the weather and climate, and hence can be used as an indicator of climate variability and change. The Calibrated Enhanced Resolution Brightness Temperature (CETB) dataset available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provides an alternate source of passive microwave brightness temperature (TB) measurements for the determination of lake ice phenology on a 3.125 km grid. This study used Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Image (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) data from the CETB dataset to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. According to the differences in TB  between lake ice and open water, a threshold algorithm based on the moving t test method was applied to determine the lake ice status for grids located at least 6.25 km away from the lake shore, and the ice phenology dates for each lake were then extracted. When ice phenology could be extracted from more than one satellite over overlapping periods, results from the satellite offering the largest number of observations were prioritized. The lake ice phenology results showed strong agreement with an existing product derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2) data (2002 to 2015), with mean absolute errors of ice dates ranging from 2 to 4 days. Compared to near-shore in-situ observations, the lake ice results, while different in terms of spatial coverage, still showed overall consistencies. The produced lake ice record also displayed significant consistencies when compared to a historical record of annual maximum ice cover of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. From 1979 to 2019, the average complete freezing duration and ice cover duration for lakes forming a complete ice cover on an annual basis were 153 and 161 days, respectively. The lake ice phenology dataset – a new climate data record (CDR) – will provide valuable information to the user community about the changing ice cover of lakes in the last four decades. The dataset is available at https://www.pangaea.de/tok/c8fc0eab3d30777fc38979ad514217b6b7e86a65 (Cai et al., 2021).
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests
Authors: Weiser Hannah , Schäfer Jannika , Winiwarter Lukas , Krašovec Nina , Fassnacht Fabian Ewald , Höfle Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Laser scanning from different acquisition platforms enables collecting 3D point clouds from different perspectives and with varying resolutions. Such point clouds allow us to e.g., retrieve information about the forest structure and individual tree properties, or to model individual trees in 3D. We conducted airborne laser scanning (ALS), UAV-borne laser scanning (ULS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in German mixed forests with species typical for Central Europe. We provide the spatially overlapping, georeferenced point clouds of the different acquisitions. As a result of individual tree extraction, we furthermore present a comprehensive database of tree point clouds and corresponding tree metrics, both measured in the field and derived from the point clouds. Our dataset may be used for the creation of 3D tree models for radiative transfer modeling or LiDAR simulation studies or to fit allometric equations between point cloud metrics and forest inventory variables. It can further serve as a benchmark dataset for different algorithms and machine learning tasks, in particular automated individual tree segmentation, tree species classification or forest inventory metric prediction. The dataset and supplementary metadata are available for download on the PANGAEA data publisher at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933426 (Weiser et al., 2021b).
Para um ensino de Física afrocentrado no currículo do Ensino Médio Integrado de um Instituto Federal
Authors: Dantas Junior Jorge Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma análise documental com o objetivo de identificar como são tratados nos currículos de Física do Ensino Médio Integrado do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, campus Eunápolis, os conteúdos de História e Cultura Afro-indígena. O referencial teórico está embasado nas teorias do currículo multicultural e decolonial e na afrocentricidade, além das bases curriculares nacionais para o ensino de Física no Ensino Médio profissional. As análises indicam que, diante da predominância de cálculos e da visão eurocêntrica de construção do conhecimento científico, não há, no currículo, nada sobre filosofia e história das ciências que contemple narrativas sobre grupos historicamente marginalizados. A construção de um currículo afrocentrado e decolonial atenderá as questões legais e históricas, além de uma problematização constante entre os professores de Física.
European direction of the secondary education development in Ukraine
Authors:   National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Lokshyna Olena
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the European integration of secondary education in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the EU education strategic documents and the secondary education legislation of Ukraine, the author concludes that its development is synchronized with the European benchmarks. The author emphasizes that the European integration of the secondary education in Ukraine is enshrined in law. The task at the present stage is to develop algorithms and tools for implementation of the reform innovations and as well as monitoring the successes and challenges.
Conversation - teaching method at the romanian language and literature lesson
Authors:   Ion Creanga Pedagogical State University of Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, Lașcu Cristina
Published: February 2022

Choosing the right method in the teaching-learning activity increases the efficiency of the instructional process. In this article we analyze one of the oldest teaching methods - conversation. Along with other methods in which the action of dialogic oral communication predominates, it is widely used in all disciplines, including Romanian language and literature lessons, favoring the teacher-student relationship and stimulating students’ effort for intellectual expression.
Institutul de știinţe ale educaţiei la 80 de ani de la fondare
Authors:   Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei, Republica Moldova, Pogolşa Lilia
Published: February 2022

Articolul abordează activitățile Institutului de Științe ale Educației desfășurare pe parcursul a 80 de ani de la fondare. Conform analizei documentelor din Arhiva Naţională a Republicii Moldova, Institutul de Științe ale Educației este o instituţie din ce în ce mai importantă pentru realizarea politicilor educaţionale naţionale, în contextul reformelor în plină desfășurare. Actualmente Institutul este încadrat în cercetarea și în aplicarea pedagogiei postmoderne. Cuvântul care pare să descrie cel mai bine activitatea acestuia pe parcursul anilor, este dezvoltare sau conceptualizare: dezvoltare permanentă a unor paradigme, concepte, strategii, tehnologii, metodologii, curricula, programe etc. Această dezvoltare îi are ca autori, în egală măsură, pe cei doi protagoniști, cercetătorul și practicianul, și are drept scop generarea unei realităţi educaţionale, care vine să producă schimbarea necesară.