bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing quantitative analysis program of blood flow velocity according to vessel diameter for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using OCTA-VISTA
Authors: Tanaka Fumi , Mino Toshihiro , Moriguchi Yoshikiyo , Nagahama Hidenori , Tamura Masato , Oshima Yuji , Akiba Masahiro , Enaida Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to develop a quantitative analysis program of blood flow velocity by vessel diameter in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) subjects using high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study included 10 eyes of healthy volunteers and 4 eyes of patients with representative nAMD. Novel scan patterns and variable interscan time analysis were utilized to measure the flow parameter, a surrogate marker of blood flow velocity, by vessel diameter within different depths. Detected vessels at superficial and deep as well as outer retinal regions were categorized into three vessel diameters (major vessels (> 40 μm), medium vessels (20–40 μm), and capillaries (< 20 μm)). The flow parameter increased with enlarged vessel diameter in all participants at superficial and deep layer. All nAMD subjects, except for type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV), contained a structure dominated by medium vessels at outer retinal region. The mean flow parameter at outer retinal region was type 1 MNV (1.46 ms−1), type 1 + 2 MNV (0.98 ms−1), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, including branching vascular networks (1.46 ms−1). This program provides the possibility to extract the blood flow information at different depths by vessel diameter types, which is considered to be useful tool for evaluating nAMD pathology and activity.
An investigation of tomosynthesis on the diagnostic efficacy of spot compression mammography
Authors: Jiang Ying , Yang Lilin , Qian Rong , Li Mingfang , Pu Hong , Chughtai Aamer Rasheed , Hu Jinliang , Kong Weifang
Published: July 2024

To explore the diagnostic efficacy of tomosynthesis spot compression (TSC) compared with conventional spot compression (CSC) for ambiguous findings on full-field digital mammography (FFDM). In this retrospective study, 122 patients (including 108 patients with dense breasts) with ambiguous FFDM findings were imaged with both CSC and TSC. Two radiologists independently reviewed the images and evaluated lesions using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Pathology or at least a 1-year follow-up imaging was used as the reference standard. Diagnostic efficacies of CSC and TSC were compared, including area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The mean glandular dose was recorded and compared for TSC and CSC. Of the 122 patients, 63 had benign lesions and 59 had malignant lesions. For Reader 1, the following diagnostic efficacies of TSC were significantly higher than those of CSC: AUC (0.988 vs. 0.906, P = 0.001), accuracy (93.4% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.001), specificity (87.3% vs. 63.5%, P = 0.002), PPV (88.1% vs. 70.5%, P = 0.010), and NPV (100% vs. 90.9%, P = 0.029). For Reader 2, TSC showed higher AUC (0.949 vs. 0.909, P = 0.011) and accuracy (83.6% vs. 71.3%, P = 0.022) than CSC. The mean glandular dose of TSC was higher than that of CSC (1.85 ± 0.53 vs. 1.47 ± 0.58 mGy, P < 0.001) but remained within the safety limit. TSC provides better diagnostic efficacy with a slightly higher but tolerable radiation dose than CSC. Therefore, TSC may be a candidate modality for patients with ambiguous findings on FFDM.
Application of untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to routine analysis of food using three-dimensional bucketing and machine learning
Authors: Hansen Jule , Kunert Christof , Münstermann Hella , Raezke Kurt-Peter , Seifert Stephan
Published: July 2024

For the detection of food adulteration, sensitive and reproducible analytical methods are required. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is a highly sensitive method that can be used to obtain analytical fingerprints consisting of a variety of different components. Since the comparability of measurements carried out with different devices and at different times is not given, specific adulterants are usually detected in targeted analyses instead of analyzing the entire fingerprint. However, this comprehensive analysis is desirable in order to stay ahead in the race against food fraudsters, who are constantly adapting their adulterations to the latest state of the art in analytics. We have developed and optimized an approach that enables the separate processing of untargeted LC‑HRMS data obtained from different devices and at different times. We demonstrate this by the successful determination of the geographical origin of honey samples using a random forest model. We then show that this approach can be applied to develop a continuously learning classification model and our final model, based on data from 835 samples, achieves a classification accuracy of 94% for 126 test samples from 6 different countries.
Study on the size effect of rock burst tendency of red sandstone under uniaxial compression
Authors: Chen Feng , Du Jinyang , Lv Jinguo , Tang Chun’an , Pan Yishan
Published: July 2024

The study of rock burst tendency of rock masses with different sizes plays a key role in the prevention of rock burst. Through theoretical analysis, it is proposed that uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus ratio are the key mechanical parameters affecting rock burst occurrence. In order to find out the size effect of uniaxial compressive strength and deformation modulus ratio, theoretical analysis and uniaxial compression experiment are carried out on rock samples with different heights, different cross-sectional areas and different volumes. The results show that the smaller the uniaxial compressive strength is, the larger the deformation modulus ratio is, and the more likely rock burst are to occur. On the contrary, rock burst is still not easy to generate. The uniaxial compressive strength of rock samples with different heights, different cross-sectional areas and different volumes increases with the increase of rock sample size. The deformation modulus ratio of rock samples with different heights and different volumes shows an upward trend on the whole, while that of rock samples with different cross-sectional areas shows a downward trend on the whole. The fracture forms of rock are analyzed using the energy conversion law in the process of deformation and failure for three kinds of rock with different shapes and sizes.
Fabrication, characterization and evaluating properties of 3D printed PLA-Mn scaffolds
Authors: Dehghan-Toranposhti Sina , Bakhshi Rasoul , Alizadeh Reza , Bohlouli Mahboubeh
Published: July 2024

Polylactic acid (PLA) based scaffolds have attained considerable attention in recent years for being used as biodegradable implants in bone tissue engineering (BTE), owing to their suitable biocompatibility and processability. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties, bioactivity and biodegradation rate of PLA need to be improved for practical application. In this investigation, PLA-xMn composite filaments (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were fabricated, characterized, and used for 3D printing of scaffolds by the fused deposition modeling process. The effect of Mn addition on the thermal, physical, mechanical, and structural properties, as well as the degradability and cell viability of 3D printed scaffolds were investigated in details. The obtained results indicate that the PLA-Mn composite filaments exhibit higher chain mobility and melt flow index values, with lower cold crystallization temperature and a higher degree of crystallinity. This higher flowability led to lower dimensional accuracy of 3D printed scaffolds, but resulted in higher interlayer adhesion. It was found that the mechanical properties of composite scaffolds were remarkably enhanced with the addition of Mn particles. The incorporation of Mn particles also caused higher surface roughness and hydrophilicity, a superior biodegradation rate of the scaffolds as well as better biocompatibility, indicating a promising candidate for (BTE) applications.
Impacts of poultry manure and biochar amendments on the nutrients in sweet potato leaves and the minerals in the storage roots
Authors: Agbede Taiwo Michael , Oyewumi Adefemi , Agbede Gabriel Kehinde , Adekiya Aruna Olasekan , Adebiyi Ojo Timothy Vincent , Abisuwa Thomas Adebayo , Ijigbade Justin Orimisan , Ogundipe Catherine Temitope , Wewe Adeola Oluwatoyin , Olawoye Oluwabukola Dorcas , Eifediyi Ehiokhilen Kevin
Published: July 2024

Poultry manure (PM) has demonstrated its potential to enhance crop nutritional quality. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of knowledge regarding its synergistic effects when combined with wood biochar (B) on the nutrient concentrations in sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) and the mineral content stored in sweet potato storage roots. Hence, a two-year field trial was undertaken during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons in southwestern Nigeria, spanning two locations (Owo—site A and Obasooto—site B), to jointly apply poultry manure and wood biochar as soil amendments aimed at enhancing the nutritional quality of sweet potato crop. Each year, the experiment involved different combinations of poultry manure at rates of 0, 5.0, and 10.0 t ha−1 and biochar at rates of 0, 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 t ha−1, organized in a 3 × 4 factorial layout. The results of the present study demonstrated that the individual application of poultry manure (PM), biochar (B), or their combination had a significant positive impact on the nutrient composition of sweet potato leaves and minerals stored in the sweet potato storage roots, with notable synergistic effects between poultry manure and biochar (PM × B) in enhancing these parameters. This highlights the potential of biochar to enhance the efficiency of poultry manure utilization and improve nutrient utilization from poultry manure. The highest application rate of poultry manure at 10.0 t ha−1 and biochar at 30.0 t ha−1 (PM10 + B30), resulted in the highest leaf nutrient concentrations and mineral composition compared to other treatments at both sites. Averaged over two years, the highest application rate of poultry manure at 10.0 t ha−1 and biochar at 30.0 t ha−1 (PM10 + B30) significantly increased sweet potato leaf nutrient concentrations: nitrogen by 88.2%, phosphorus by 416.7%, potassium by 123.8%, calcium by 927.3%, and magnesium by 333.3%, compared to those in the control (PM0 + B0). The same treatment increased the concentration of sweet potato root storage minerals: phosphorus by 152.5%, potassium by 77.4%, calcium by 205.5%, magnesium by 294.6%, iron by 268.4%, zinc by 228.6%, and sodium by 433.3%, compared to the control. The highest application rate of poultry manure at 10.0 t ha−1 and biochar at 30.0 t ha−1 yielded the highest economic profitability in terms of gross margin (44,034 US$ ha−1), net return (30,038 US$ ha−1) and return rate or value-to-cost ratio (VCR) (263). The results suggested that the application of poultry manure at 10 t ha−1 and biochar at 30 t ha−1 is economically profitable in the study areas and under similar agroecological zones and soil conditions.
Assessing green production efficiency and spatial characteristics of China’s real estate industry based on the undesirable super-SBM model
Authors: An Bo-Wen , Xu Pei-Yuan , Li Chun-Yu , Zhang Lan-Yue , Guo Qiu-Ping
Published: July 2024

As China strives to balance rapid urbanization with environmental conservation, increasing attention is being paid to the pursuit of green production efficiency (GPE) in the real estate industry. The undesirable super-SBM model was used to calculate the GPE of China's real estate industry from 2001 to 2020. Additionally, GPE spatial distribution characteristics in China's real estate industry were analyzed using the standard deviation ellipse (SDE), Moran’s index, Theil index, random kernel density estimation (RKDA), and spatial Markov chain (SMC) methods. The GPE exhibited a U-shaped trend, with 2008 as the inflection point, first decreasing and then increasing. It reached a maximum value of 0.747 in 2020. The Theil index increased from 0.043 to 0.121 nationwide, indicating the overall characteristics of low-level slow growth, and imbalance. Discrepancies in input–output scales, the southward shift of economic centers, and population movements contribute significantly to the disparities between the east and west, north and south, and regions divided by the Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line). The GPE exhibited club convergence characteristics; however, polarization phenomena exist in local areas. Spatial spillover effects were also observed in GPE. Finally, we provide recommendations for promoting green development in the real estate industry, including green building technology, fiscal subsidy investment, and population migration management.
Soil fertility and plant nutrition in an organic olive orchard after 5 years of amendment with compost, biochar or their blend
Authors: Fornes Fernando , Lidón Antonio , Belda Rosa M. , Macan Giovana P. F. , Cayuela María L. , Sánchez-García María , Sánchez-Monedero Miguel A.
Published: July 2024

The agronomic use of compost and biochar as soil amendments may exhibit contrasting results in terms of soil fertility and plant nutrition. The effects of the biennial application of biochar, compost and a blend of compost:biochar (90:10; % dw:dw) on the agronomical performance of an organically managed and well established 25-year-old olive orchard was assessed 5 years after the initial application. The agronomical evaluation was based on the assessment of the soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, and the assessment of the soil fertility by both crop production and nutritional status of the orchard, and the bioassay with olive plantlets. Biochar mainly benefited the physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, aeration, water retention capacity) of soil, especially in the top 0–5 cm. Compost and its blend with biochar improved microbial activity, soil nutritional status (increasing the content of soluble organic C, N, and P) and favoured the formation of aggregates in soil. The bioassay conducted with young plantlets confirmed the enhanced soil fertility status in the three amended treatments, particularly in the case of biochar and its blend with compost. However, this effect was not significantly observed in the adult plants after 5 years of application, reflecting the slow response of adult olive trees to changes in fertilization. Based on these results, alongside the desirable long-residence time of biochar in soil and the ready availability of compost, the blend of biochar with compost assayed in this study is defined as a valid strategy for preparing high quality soil organic amendments.
Improving thermal conductivity of Al/SiC composites by post-oxidization of reaction-bonded silicon carbide preforms
Authors: Lin Xinping , Xu Qiang , Deng Tianyou , Yang Bingquan , Chen Liang
Published: July 2024

High thermal conductivity aluminium-based silicon carbide (Al/SiC) composites were successfully fabricated through post-oxidization of reaction-bonded silicon carbide preforms (RS preforms), utilizing vacuum pressure infiltration technology. The study investigated the regulation of interfacial reactions in conventional sintering and reaction sintering. Conventional sintering introduced a large amount of SiO2, which negatively impacted the thermal conductivity of the Al/SiC composite, but the reaction sintering not. The proposed post-oxidization treatment of RS preforms effectively removed residual carbon from the SiC particle surfaces, thereby forestalling the formation of Al4C3. Furthermore, the post-oxidization treatment effectively formed lightweight SiO2 deposits onto the surface of SiC particles, improving Al-SiC interfacial wettability and reducing thermal resistance, thereby enhancing composite thermal conductivity. Notably, the thermal conductivity of the post-oxidized sample exhibited an increase of 6.5% compared to the untreated sample. The study also evaluated the impact of particle size distribution on volume fraction and thermal properties. The optimized Al/SiC composites yielded thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, bending strength, and Young’s modulus values of 237.3 W/m K, 8.5 × 10−6/°C, 325 MPa, and 75.9 GPa, respectively.
Ezrin, radixin, and moesin are dispensable for macrophage migration and cellular cortex mechanics
Authors: Verdys Perrine , Rey Barroso Javier , Girel Adeline , Vermeil Joseph , Bergert Martin , Sanchez Thibaut , Métais Arnaud , Mangeat Thomas , Bellard Elisabeth , Bigot Claire , Astarie-Dequeker Catherine , Labrousse Arnaud , Girard Jean-Philippe , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Vérollet Christel , Lagarrigue Frédéric , Diz-Muñoz Alba , Heuvingh Julien , Piel Matthieu , du Roure Olivia , Le Cabec Véronique , Carréno Sébastien , Poincloux Renaud
Published: July 2024

The cellular cortex provides crucial mechanical support and plays critical roles during cell division and migration. The proteins of the ERM family, comprised of ezrin, radixin, and moesin, are central to these processes by linking the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. To investigate the contributions of the ERM proteins to leukocyte migration, we generated single and triple ERM knockout macrophages. Surprisingly, we found that even in the absence of ERM proteins, macrophages still form the different actin structures promoting cell migration, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and ruffles. Furthermore, we discovered that, unlike every other cell type previously investigated, the single or triple knockout of ERM proteins does not affect macrophage migration in diverse contexts. Finally, we demonstrated that the loss of ERMs in macrophages does not affect the mechanical properties of their cortex. These findings challenge the notion that ERMs are universally essential for cortex mechanics and cell migration and support the notion that the macrophage cortex may have diverged from that of other cells to allow for their uniquely adaptive cortical plasticity.
Nup358 restricts ER-mitochondria connectivity by modulating mTORC2/Akt/GSK3β signalling
Authors: Kalarikkal Misha , Saikia Rimpi , Oliveira Lizanne , Bhorkar Yashashree , Lonare Akshay , Varshney Pallavi , Dhamale Prathamesh , Majumdar Amitabha , Joseph Jomon
Published: July 2024

ER–mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) regulate processes, including calcium homoeostasis, energy metabolism and autophagy. Previously, it was shown that during growth factor signalling, mTORC2/Akt gets recruited to and stabilizes ERMCSs. Independent studies showed that GSK3β, a well-known Akt substrate, reduces ER–mitochondria connectivity by disrupting the VAPB–PTPIP51 tethering complex. However, the mechanisms that regulate ERMCSs are incompletely understood. Here we find that annulate lamellae (AL), relatively unexplored subdomains of ER enriched with a subset of nucleoporins, are present at ERMCSs. Depletion of Nup358, an AL-resident nucleoporin, results in enhanced mTORC2/Akt activation, GSK3β inhibition and increased ERMCSs. Depletion of Rictor, a mTORC2-specific subunit, or exogenous expression of GSK3β, was sufficient to reverse the ERMCS-phenotype in Nup358-deficient cells. We show that growth factor-mediated activation of mTORC2 requires the VAPB–PTPIP51 complex, whereas, Nup358’s association with this tether restricts mTORC2/Akt signalling and ER–mitochondria connectivity. Expression of a Nup358 fragment that is sufficient for interaction with the VAPB–PTPIP51 complex suppresses mTORC2/Akt activation and disrupts ERMCSs. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel role for Nup358 in controlling ERMCSs by modulating the mTORC2/Akt/GSK3β axis.
Development of a 3D printed perfusable in vitro blood–brain barrier model for use as a scalable screening tool
Authors: Royse Madison K. , Fowler Martha , Mai A. Kristen , He Yufang , Durante Marc R. , Buist Nicole , Procopio Adam , Xu Jun , Veiseh Omid
Published: July 2024

A 3D printed hydrogel optimized for a BBB model (1) and evaluated for perfusion and ultrasound assisted transport of antibody, IgG, across the BBB (2).
Molecular ordering-enhanced circularly polarized luminescence of chiral 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives
Authors: Bando Masayoshi , Fortino Mariagrazia , Pietropaolo Adriana , Shichibu Yukatsu , Konishi Katsuaki , Nakano Tamaki
Published: July 2024

A chiral Phen derivative shows remarkable circularly polarized luminescence based on molecular ordering in the solid state but not in solution, indicating the importance of designing intermolecular alignment, not just single molecular dissymmetry.
Air-fabricated CsPbIBr2 perovskite film for efficient and stable solar cells by a triacetyl resveratrol additive
Authors: Li Jiabao , Qi Ziting , Yang Peizhi , Tang Qunwei , Duan Jialong
Published: July 2024

Herein, we demonstrate that triacetyl resveratrol (TRES) can be employed as an antioxidant additive to suppress the formation of oxidation-induced defects in air-fabricated perovskite films.
Pyridine-based small molecule inhibitors of SARM1 alleviate cell death caused by NADase activity
Authors: Tang Qingxuan , Yin Hang
Published: July 2024

TH-408 counters toxicity by inhibiting SARM1 activation and NAD+ depletion, offering a promising approach to cell death prevention.
Design of C2-symmetric pseudopeptides for in vivo detection of Cu(ii) through controlled supramolecular nano-assembly
Authors: Tamrakar Arpna , Asthana Surabhi , Kumar Praveen , Garg Neha , Pandey Mrituanjay D.
Published: July 2024

l-valine and l-phenylalanine-based pseudopeptides shows intracellular Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) induced fluorescence changes, respectively. Metal-guided nanostructure tuning is promising for exploring similar effects in various peptidomimetics.
Anionic vacancy engineering in the development of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: a review
Authors: Tang Junheng , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Xinping , Chi Jingqi , Xiao Zhenyu , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

How anions modulate the HER catalytic mechanism.
Directed C–H activation with iron carbene complexes
Authors: Lincoln Zachary S. , Hoffbauer Melissa R. , Iluc Vlad M.
Published: July 2024

The reactivity of PCcarbeneP iron carbenes, was investigated toward imines, ketones, diazenes, 2-vinylpyridine, and 8-methylquinoline, revealing the directed activation of aryl, vinyl, or benzyl C–H bonds by 1,2-addition across the iron-carbene bond.
Multifunctional self-refrigerated multivariate {GdLn} (Ln = Dy, Tb, Tb/Eu) metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Zhen , Arauzo Ana , Roscini Claudio , Planas José Giner , Bartolomé Elena
Published: July 2024

"Self-refrigerated" multifunctional MOFs combine Gd for optimal magnetocalorics with other lanthanides (Dy, Tb, Eu) as single-molecule magnets and/or luminescent units, offering exciting possibilities for information storage and processing.
Implicit and Explicit Sequence Learning in Adults With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Cler Gabriel J. , Bartolo Samantha , Kim Jiwon , Nolan Anna , Banel Sophia
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts approximately 7% of the population and is characterized by unexplained deficits in expressive and/or receptive components of language. A common procedural learning task, serial reaction time (SRT), has been used to develop models of the basis of DLD. However, paradigms involve differing levels of implicit and explicit learning during this task, muddying interpretations of the data. Here, we tested adults with DLD on implicit and explicit SRT tasks to better understand implicit and explicit procedural learning in this population. We hypothesized that adults with DLD would demonstrate reduced learning on only the implicit SRT task, as alternate explicit neural mechanisms could lead to equivalent performance on the explicit task.

Method:

Fifty participants (25 with DLD and 25 with typical language) completed implicit and explicit SRT tasks, measuring their ability to learn visually presented 10-element sequences. Group differences were evaluated on sequence learning, error rates, and explicit recall of the sequence after learning.

Results:

Sequence learning was the same between the groups on both tasks. However, individuals with DLD showed increased errors and significantly worse recall of the explicitly learned sequence.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that sequence learning may be intact in this population, while aspects of explicit learning and motoric responses are impaired. Results are interpreted in light of a neurobiological model of DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26210651
Transformer partial discharge fault diagnosis based on improved adaptive local iterative filtering‐bidirectional long short‐term memory
Authors: Shang Haikun , Zhao Zixuan , Zhang Ranzhe , Wang Zhiming , Li Jiawen
Published: July 2024

Insulation deterioration, which is mainly caused by partial discharge (PD) occurring inside power transformers, is one of the prime reasons to cause transformer faults. Therefore, an effective diagnosis of PD is crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers. To extract more effective features that characterise transformers PD signals and enhance the recognition accuracy, a novel transformer PD fault diagnosis model based on improved adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BILSTM) neural network is proposed. Addressing the issue of predetermined decomposition levels and accuracy in ALIF decomposition, the golden jackal optimisation (GJO) algorithm is introduced to optimise the parameters. The proposed fault diagnostic model extracts dominant PD features employing the improved ALIF and Refined Composite Multi‐Scale Dispersion Entropy and improves the diagnostic accuracy with the optimised BILSTM by introducing GJO. Experimental data evaluates the performance of support vector machine, long short‐term memory and BILSTM. The results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model.
Optimal scheduling and management of grid‐connected distributed resources using improved decomposition‐based many‐objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Wu Zhi , Ali Aamir
Published: July 2024

This paper emphasizes the integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation with battery energy storage systems (BESS) in distribution networks (DNs) to enhance grid sustainability, reliability, and flexibility. A novel multi‐objective optimization framework is introduced in this study to minimize energy supply costs, emissions, and energy losses while improving voltage deviation (VD) and voltage stability index (VSI). The proposed framework comprising normal boundary intersection (NBI) and decomposition‐based evolutionary algorithms (DBEA) determines the optimal siting and sizing of renewable‐based distributed resources, considering load demand variations and the intermittency of wind and solar outputs. The comparative analysis establishes that the proposed strategy performs better than many contemporary algorithms, specifically when all the objective functions are optimized simultaneously. The validation of the proposed framework was carried out on the standard IEEE‐33 bus test network, which demonstrates significant percentage savings in energy supply costs (49.6%), emission rate (62.2%), and energy loss (92.3%), along with enormous improvements in VSI (91.9%) and VD (99.8953%). The obtained results categorically underline the efficiency, reliability, and robustness of the proposed approach when employed on any complex distribution network comprising multiple renewable energy sources and battery storage systems.
A comprehensive research study on digital Tools in building renovation
Authors: Hrubovcakova Andrea , Mesaros Peter , Spisakova Marcela
Published: July 2024

Digital technologies are having a significant impact, it is challenging to keep up with their rapid evolution. Along with the other challenges we face, the preservation of cultural heritage and historical buildings must be prioritised. It is therefore necessary to explore and understand how we can create an effective link between the restoration of historic buildings and the constantly evolving environment of digital technologies. The article deals with a critical analysis of digital tools used in the renovation of historic buildings with a specific focus on Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of digital tools in the context of the renovation of historic buildings and to reveal trends in the use of BIM technologies of historic buildings. The research explores in which years in which the idea of BIM in conjunction with renovation came to the fore. It focuses on specific dimensions that have been actively used in conjunction with the restoration of historic buildings and identifies which dimension is used most frequently.
Hydrotechnical assessment of the flow of the Hnilec river in the town of Gelnica
Authors: Dobransky Marian , Gargar Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

It is important to develop a hydrotechnical assessment of the existing habitat in the river system for potential proposals for flood protection solutions. The basic factors in the assessment are accurate and up- to-date geodetic assessment, terrain reconnaissance, history of the area and hydrological data necessary for the calculation. In the past, minor improvements to the banks of the Hnilec River were conducted in the vicinity of the town of Gelnica, but these were not large-scale improvements to the entire riverbed. A plausible reason for the non-implementation of large-scale modifications is the dense construction of dwellings in close proximity to the riverbed, the confluence of the railway line with the river and road bridges. The objective of the assessment is the evaluation of critical sections, description of threats in the treated area and the possibility of pointing out the improvement of hydrotechnical parameters to mitigate flood conditions. If it will not be possible to apply flood defence measures in the town residential area, it is necessary to point out another potential solution.
The reduction of the energy demand of a hall-type object through vegetative roof constructions
Authors: Domanicky Jan , Vranay Frantisek
Published: July 2024

The topic of the energy efficiency of buildings is still relevant, and this article focuses on one form of passively reducing their energy demands, in this case, for a hall-type structure. Hall-type structures are largely horizontal constructions, meaning that their length and width often significantly exceed their height. As a result, a larger cooled surface area of the roof is expected in comparison to the cooled surface area of the facade. While not the sole factor influencing the selection of a structure or balance calculations, it was one of the initial considerations. It is also anticipated that with a larger construction area and its opening structures, there will be a greater area available for covering with a green roof. The coverage of the building's energy facilities occupy a certain percentage of the roof construction area. The work then delves into the energy balances of the given structure under various operational conditions, based on measurements of the thermal-technical improvement of the construction, depending on its composition and coverage with a green structure. The results include balance-based energy savings achieved through the green element, as well as the percentage savings in different operational conditions.
The possibility of application of bonded joints on different facade systems
Authors: Prucha Ales , Slanhof Jiri , Necasova Barbora
Published: July 2024

Bonded joints in the construction industry have a rich history dating back to ancient civilisations, where they were mainly used to join materials such as wood or stone. In particular, natural materials such as bitumen or natural resins were used for this purpose. In the present modern era, with the development of adhesive technologies and synthetic adhesives, they have become an essential part of construction industry practice. Within facade cladding, bonded joints are becoming key to achieving high thermal insulation performance and overall building energy efficiency. The correct design of the building envelope is increasingly relevant in the context of the geopolitical situation starting with the global pandemic COVID-19 and the two conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Palestine that resulted in energy crises [1]. The paper summarizes the potential applications of adhesive bonded joints on facades, the types of adhesives used at different joints and their ability to provide strong and durable joints when exposed to different climatic conditions during summer and winter months.
Use of physical pretreatment and biodegradation for the removal of antidepressants and psychiatrically active substances from wastewater
Authors: Drahoradova Nikola , Ujhazy Martina , Kucerova Radmila , Sezima Tomas
Published: July 2024

The occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater is very problematic, especially due to the high persistence of some substances in relation to standard treatment technologies. These substances can further contaminate the environment through receiving water or sewage sludge. The occurrence of antidepressants and psychiatrically active substances in wastewater has increased significantly in recent years. This study focuses on the possibility of removing selected antidepressants and psychiatrically active substances from wastewater. Specifically, citalopram, venlafaxine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine and its metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide using physical-biological methods. Samples were collected from three wastewater treatment plants in the Moravian- Silesian Region. The patented equipment EP2388068 at the T.G. Masaryk water research institute in Ostrava was used for physical pretreatment. The samples were exposed to an electrostatic field and a mixed bacterial culture of the genus
Rhodococcus, namely
Rhodococcus erythropolis,
Rhodococcus rhodochrous and
Rhodococcus degradans, was used for subsequent biodegradation. The presence of drugs and their quantity was verified by HPLC/MS/MS analysis.
Use of renewable sources with thermal accumulation of solar energy for the energy consumption of buildings
Authors: Goras Michal , Vranay Frantisek
Published: July 2024

Today, there is an increasing demand for renewable energy sources in Europe to minimise the carbon footprint and achieve a sustainable energy supply. One of the cleanest and most affordable energy sources is solar energy, which can be used efficiently for heating and hot water in buildings. However, efficient storage and use of solar energy is key. This paper focuses on a comparison of two main solar thermal energy storage systems: Pit Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) and Tank Thermal Energy Storage (TTES). The case studies include an analysis of the effectiveness of these systems in real scenarios, along with their advantages, disadvantages and potential future applications.
Increase the internal surface temperature to eliminate surface condensation on the window
Authors: Vorlickova Petra , Kalousek Milos , Soulova Eva
Published: July 2024

One of the most critical places in buildings in terms of physical thermal properties are windows. This is the most frequent place where the temperature drops below the dew point and surface condensation, or mould, develops. The work deals with the study of the surface temperature courses at the critical points of window glazing and connection joints and the subsequent improvement of the initial unsatisfactory condition by using a patented technology, a conductive material without further intervention in the structure. In the case of a very unsatisfactory condition, a heating resistance wire was attached to the bar, which in combination with the bar distributes the heat to a wider area. The evaluation of the surface temperature increase was performed in a steady-state thermal analysis with fixed boundary conditions and then with the influence of the flow in a room with the heater placed under the window.
Assessment of sustainable cement composites with waste material incorporation: Resistance to sulphate attack and property changes
Authors: Cambal Holosova Miriama , Estokova Adriana , Sicakova Alena
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the performance of cement composites incorporating waste materials—blast furnace slag, bypass dust, eggshells, and recycled glass—as partial replacements for cement, following their exposure to sulphate attack in a corrosion chamber. It assesses changes in compressive strength, water absorbency, specific surface area, and degree of hydration post-exposure. A point evaluation system was used to compare the samples based on their resistance to the aggressive environment and the resultant property changes. While scoring differences among the samples were minimal, the reference sample without waste, slag sample and eggshells sample exhibited the best overall performance, whereas the glass- containing sample was the least effective. These results enhance our comprehension of the feasibility of employing specific waste materials as sustainable alternatives in cement composites.
Variant proposal of the fish passage using technical and close to nature approach
Authors: Vidova Alexandra , Cubanova Lea
Published: July 2024

Passing barriers on streams is nowadays an important activity for the protection and restoration of water ecosystems, and one of the goals of the European Union in the field of water habitat protection, that means barriers on waterways should be made suitable for the migration of aquatic fauna. The design and hydraulic parameters of these structures are fundamental in their design process, determining the effectiveness of fish passes in facilitating safe and efficient fish migration. These parameters should consider the specific needs and behaviours of the target fish species. It should provide suitable water depths, velocities, and facilitate fish movement upstream or downstream. The choice between technical fish passes, such as slot pass, and nature-like ones, such as rock ramps, is crucial. The selection of the right type also depends on various factors including the topography, hydrology and the species of fish being targeted. However, it is easier to achieve the parameters by technical fish pass. The proposed fish pass and its parameters were simulated by 1D mathematical model HEC-RAS. It was very difficult to design and fulfil all parameters according to the legislation. For more accurate results is recommended use of 2D or 3D models, or physical models.
Nonlinear semi-numeric analysis and simplified analysis of polymer fiber-reinforced concrete prisms under three-point bending test conditions
Authors: Unuk Ziga
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a semi-numeric nonlinear analysis and a simplified analysis for evaluating the load-displacement behavior of polymer fiber-reinforced concrete elements under three-point bending test conditions. The considered elements were notched and unnotched prisms. The nonlinear semi-numeric analysis was based on the moment-curvature relation, plastic hinge approach, and virtual work method. The simplified analysis assumed multilinear load-displacement behavior of the prisms under three-point bending test conditions. It included four variants for the input tensile strength properties and crack widths considered for the serviceability and ultimate limit state. The notched polymer fiber-reinforced concrete prism three-point bending test results from a prior study were the basis for evaluating the simplified analysis, which was subsequently compared with the nonlinear semi-numeric analysis outcomes from the same investigation. Additionally, the simplified analysis and the nonlinear semi- numeric analysis were used to determine the load-displacement behavior of unnotched polymer fiber-reinforced concrete prisms with heights ranging from 25 mm to 250 mm. The results indicate that the simplified analysis provides a practical and efficient method for estimating the behavior of polymer fiber-reinforced concrete structures under three-point bending test conditions, yielding relatively accurate results with minimal computational effort compared to the more exact nonlinear semi-numeric analysis.
Research the possibility of separating hydrophobic gel used in gel cables from metal and plastics using wet methods
Authors: Sojka Dawid , Pikon Krzysztof , Klejnowska Katarzyna , Lewandowska Marta
Published: July 2024

This article presents basic information on gel cables and methods of processing them. The wet recycling plant for waste gel cables currently used in the industry is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of this installation are discussed. Current gel cable recycling technologies do not ensure the recovery of all raw materials. The article also shows the reproduction of an industrial installation on a laboratory scale. Laboratory tests included determining the efficiency of the separation of hydrophobic gel from metal and plastic. The moisture content of the resulting products was measured. The final section of the article identifies further research directions.
Determination of Porosity-A Casting Defect Occurrence in Green-Sand Casting of Al-Si5-Cu3 by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Jadav Chirag , Patel Shailesh
Published: July 2024

Porosity is a significant concern in Al-Si5-Cu3, aluminum alloy casting, tending to considerably more scrap outcomes and limiting parts use in critical applications due to porosity. This defect is directly relevant to the manufacturing process thus its occurrence is closely tied to green sand-casting process parameters. Here implementing of Taguchi method offers substantial porosity reduction mapping during casting with different input parameters. A combined experiment has been carried out using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) to study the main effect and interaction effect of all five parameters. In a thick-walled sample casting, pouring temperature and pouring time significantly affect porosity reduction. Pouring temperature having F-Value of 8.47 and a low P-Value of 0.003, and F-Value of 5.76 and a corresponding P-Value of 0.013 of the pouring time, indicating its influential role in explaining the variation in both Average Porosity and S/N Ratio Degassing time and mould temperatures have marginal effects, while crucible volume hold minimally influences porosity. The interaction between pouring temperature, pouring time, and crucible volume in green sand casting significantly impacts the output, indicating significance influential factors for porosity occurrence, as their p-values are below 0.05 or very close to it. Assessing the anticipated enhancements in quality and the potential for cost savings based on optimal parameters forecasts a decrease in porosity and minimized losses prior to conducting experimental trials.
Artificial Intelligence: Real Challenge or Boon for Network Operation Center and Network security
Authors: Acharya Nirav
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a game-changer in every domain, and network operation center and network security are no exception. This paper critically evaluates the dual impact of AI as a daunting challenge and a blissful boon in the context of NOCs, network security, and their overlap. As firms increasingly rely on ever more sophisticated and complex networks to run their business, the need for effective network management and security has become a top priority. Correspondingly, controlling such complex networks, an analyzing their performance and status, and safeguarding them from rapidly evolving threats have grown more difficult than ever. AI-powered solutions have the potential to considerably improve NOC efficiency and effectiveness. Introduce automated automation of routine processes, facilitate network performance optimization, and help in forecasting of most network abnormalities. Consequently, these can drastically cut NOC operational costs and network uninsured losses and enhance network dependability. However, and exposure of AI technologies to an entire new category of challenges, such as the potential of AI-based cyberattacks, algorithmic discrimination, and the ethical insinuations of fully autonomous NOCs, also imply that many possible risks and risks are taking into account.
Sclera Segmentation and Recognition for Spectacle Dataset
Authors: Maheshan M.S. , Roopa C.K. , M Niharika , M Nanditha , R Neha , Kaujalgi Kshamata
Published: July 2024

Sclera, a connective tissue enveloping the eye, emerges as a novel biometric recognition method for human identification. The composition of blood vessels in the sclera proves ideal for biometric use—visible with ease, stable over time, and unique to each individual. This paper proposes sclera segmentation and recognition techniques tailored for individuals wearing spectacles. The SSV (Spectacle Sclera Vision) Dataset was meticulously created to address challenges introduced by eyewear, including reflections, distortions, and illumination variations. The study explores the unique characteristics of the sclera region, presenting a comparative analysis of traditional and neural network-based segmentation and recognition methods on the SSV Dataset. Notably, Linear SVC outperforms CNN in recognition, and UNET demonstrates superior sclera segmentation compared to OTSU. The findings provide a foundation for potential advancements in developing robust multi-class classification models for sclera biometrics in real-world scenarios. Future work involves further analysis, scalability testing, and exploration of diverse applications in ocular health and security systems.
A Study on Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Development Program in Gujarat
Authors: Karnavat Bhagvan , Rathod Chirag , Patel Chirag , Patel Chhaya P.
Published: July 2024

Entrepreneurship Development Programs (EDPs) play a crucial role in empowering women by providing them with the necessary skills, knowledge, and resources to succeed in entrepreneurship. EDPs offer training and capacity-building initiatives tailored to the needs of women entrepreneurs, equipping them with essential entrepreneurial skills such as business planning, financial management, marketing strategies, and networking. By acquiring these skills, women gain confidence and competence to navigate the challenges of entrepreneurship and seize opportunities for growth and success. This study explores the perception of women towards Entrepreneurship Development Programs (EDPs) and investigates the relationship between their demographic profiles and perceptions of EDPs. A sample of 150 women entrepreneurs from Gujarat was interviewed to gather insights into their experiences, challenges, and opportunities in entrepreneurship. The research objectives include analysing women’s perceptions of EDPs and examining the relationship between demographic profiles (such as age, gender, and years of experience) and their perceptions towards EDPs. The findings reveal a positive perception among women towards EDPs, with participants acknowledging the programs’ effectiveness in providing valuable knowledge and skills relevant to entrepreneurship, addressing specific needs and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, and enhancing confidence and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study highlights the universal benefits of EDPs across diverse demographic profiles, underscoring their significance in empowering women to succeed in entrepreneurship and contribute to economic growth and social development.