bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmalogen Profiling in Porcine Brain Tissues by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Wu Yue , Chen Yifan , Zhang Min , Chiba Hitoshi , Hui Shu-Ping
Published: August 2023

Plasmalogen, a functional glycerophospholipid, is known for its beneficial nutritional effects, such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. As the porcine brain is a plasmalogen-rich resource, this study aimed to explore its potential for plasmalogen-based health food product development, with special attention on whether and how the industrial production processes influence the plasmalogen content and composition. In the present work, plasmalogens from different porcine brain products were investigated using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that all the porcine brain products showed abundant total plasmalogens, of which more than 95% were ethanolamine plasmalogen species. Acetone precipitation, ethanol extraction, and drying did not significantly affect the plasmalogen content, whereas repeated freeze-thaw cycles in the production process led to noticeable loss. The chemometric investigation suggested that raw products and glycerophospholipid products exhibited different profiles; furthermore, the concentration step seemed to impact the plasmalogen composition. The nutritional assessment revealed that porcine brain products showed favorable values of multiple indexes, including PUFA/SFA ratio, n-6/n-3 ratio, thrombogenicity index, and unsaturation index, suggesting a health-beneficial value. The current study not only shows the feasibility of producing porcine brain-derived plasmalogens, but also provides possible strategies for developing and quality-controlling dietary plasmalogen supplements and healthcare products.
Modification of Soft Wheat Protein for Improving Cake Quality by Superheated Steam Treatment of Wheat Grain
Authors: Liu Yuanxiao , Li Mengmeng , Guan Erqi , Liu Yuanfang , Bian Ke , Zhang Yingquan
Published: August 2023

Many varieties of soft wheat in China cannot fully satisfy the requirements of making high-quality cakes due to their undesirable protein properties, which leads to shortages of high-quality soft wheat flour. Therefore, a modification of soft wheat protein is essential for improving the quality of soft wheat and thus improving cake quality. In order to modify the protein properties of soft wheat used for cake production, superheated steam (SS) was used to treat soft wheat grains at 165 °C and 190 °C for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min, respectively, followed by the milling of wheat grains to obtain refined wheat flour. The properties of proteins and cakes were analyzed using refined wheat flour as materials. First, changes in the structures of wheat proteins were analyzed by determining the solubility, molecular weight distribution and secondary structure of proteins in wheat flour. Secondly, changes in the functional properties of proteins were analyzed by determining the foaming properties and emulsifying properties of proteins in wheat flour. Finally, the specific volume and texture of cakes with wheat flour milled from SS-treated wheat were analyzed. At the initial stage of SS treatment, some of the gliadin and glutenin aggregated, and the gluten macro-polymer (GMP) contents increased. This allowed a more stable gluten network to form during dough kneading, leading to an improvement in dough elasticity. In addition, a short time period (1–3 min) of SS treatment improved the emulsifying properties and foaming ability of wheat protein, which helped to improve the specific volume and texture of cakes. Increasing the SS temperature from 165 °C to 190 °C reduced the optimal treatment time needed to improve cake quality from 3 min to 1 min. SS treatment for longer time (>3 min) periods led to severe protein aggregation and a decrease in the foaming ability and emulsifying properties of protein, which led to a deterioration in the cake quality. Thus, SS treatment at 165 °C for 1–3 min and 190 °C for 1 min could be a suitable method of improving the physicochemical properties of soft wheat used to make cakes with high specific volumes and good texture.
The First Complete Chloroplast Genome of Campanula carpatica: Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Diversity
Authors: Yoon Won-Sub , Kim Chang-Kug , Kim Yong-Kab
Published: August 2023

Campanula carpatica is an ornamental flowering plant belonging to the family Campanulaceae. The complete chloroplast genome of C. carpatica was obtained using Illumina HiSeq X and Oxford Nanopore (Nanopore GridION) platforms. The chloroplast genome exhibited a typical circular structure with a total length of 169,341 bp, comprising a large single-copy region of 102,323 bp, a small single-copy region of 7744 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRa/IRb) of 29,637 bp each. Out of a total 120 genes, 76 were protein-coding genes, 36 were transfer RNA genes, and eight were ribosomal RNA genes. The genomic characteristics of C. carpatica are similar to those of other Campanula species in terms of repetitive sequences, sequence divergence, and contraction/expansion events in the inverted repeat regions. A phylogenetic analysis of 63 shared genes in 16 plant species revealed that Campanula zangezura is the closest relative of C. carpatica. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. carpatica was within the Campanula clade, and C. pallida occupied the outermost position of that clade.
Deciphering the Tumor–Immune–Microbe Interactions in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hu Min , Coleman Samuel , Fadlullah Muhammad Zaki Hidayatullah , Spakowicz Daniel , Chung Christine H. , Tan Aik Choon
Published: August 2023

Patients with human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-negative HNSCC) have worse outcomes than HPV-positive HNSCC. In our study, we used a published dataset and investigated the microbes enriched in molecularly classified tumor groups. We showed that microbial signatures could distinguish Hypoxia/Immune phenotypes similar to the gene expression signatures. Furthermore, we identified three highly-correlated microbes with immune processes that are crucial for immunotherapy response. The survival of patients in a molecularly heterogenous group shows significant differences based on the co-abundance of the three microbes. Overall, we present evidence that tumor-associated microbiota are critical components of the tumor ecosystem that may impact tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response. The results of our study warrant future investigation to experimentally validate the conclusions, which have significant impacts on clinical decision-making, such as treatment selection.
Paleogeographic and Tectonic Evolution of the Earliest Wedge-Top Basin in the Southern Apennines: New Insights from the Paleocurrent Analysis of the Cilento Group Deposits (Southern Italy)
Authors: Mehmood Mubashir , Ciarcia Sabatino , Lo Schiavo Luca , Natale Jacopo , Vitale Stefano
Published: August 2023

Our research focuses on the reconstruction of turbidity paleocurrents of the Cilento Group in the Cilento area (southern Apennines, Italy). These deposits were formed in the wedge-top basin above the oceanic Ligurian Accretionary Complex, the early orogenic wedge of the southern Apennines. The Cilento Group succession, whose age ranges between the uppermost Burdigalian and lowermost Tortonian, consists of a thick pile of sandstones, conglomerates, marls and pelites grouped in two formations (Pollica and San Mauro Fms). We retrieved information on the turbidity current directions through sedimentary features such as flute and groove casts, flame structures and ripple marks. The aim of this study is to shed light on the early tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines by reconstructing the geometry of this basin, the source areas that fed it and the paleogeography of the central Mediterranean area in the Miocene. We analyzed 74 sites in both formations and collected 338 measurements of paleocurrent indicators. Because the succession was affected by severe thrusting and folding, every paleocurrent measurement was restored, reinstating the bedding in the horizontal attitude. Results indicate a complex pattern of turbidity current flow directions consistent with a basin model fed by a spectrum of sources, including recycled clasts from the Ligurian Accretionary Complex, Calabria–Peloritani Terrane and the Apennine Platform units and volcaniclastics from the synorogenic volcanoes located in the Sardinia block.
Convolutional Neural Networks to Assess Steno-Occlusive Disease Using Cerebrovascular Reactivity
Authors: Dasari Yashesh , Duffin James , Sayin Ece Su , Levine Harrison T. , Poublanc Julien , Para Andrea E. , Mikulis David J. , Fisher Joseph A. , Sobczyk Olivia , Khamesee Mir Behrad
Published: August 2023

Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR) is a provocative test used with Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies, where a vasoactive stimulus is applied and the corresponding changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) are measured. The most common clinical application is the assessment of cerebral perfusion insufficiency in patients with steno-occlusive disease (SOD). Globally, millions of people suffer from cerebrovascular diseases, and SOD is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. Therefore, CVR analyses can play a vital role in early diagnosis and guiding clinical treatment. This study develops a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based clinical decision support system to facilitate the screening of SOD patients by discriminating between healthy and unhealthy CVR maps. The networks were trained on a confidential CVR dataset with two classes: 68 healthy control subjects, and 163 SOD patients. This original dataset was distributed in a ratio of 80%-10%-10% for training, validation, and testing, respectively, and image augmentations were applied to the training and validation sets. Additionally, some popular pre-trained networks were imported and customized for the objective classification task to conduct transfer learning experiments. Results indicate that a customized CNN with a double-stacked convolution layer architecture produces the best results, consistent with expert clinical readings.
A Psychoanalytic Approach to Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Floros Georgios , Mylona Ioanna
Published: August 2023

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is now an official diagnosis and significant public health challenges have been already identified regarding the provision of appropriate care to patients of all ages and the preparedness of mental health professionals to manage the disorder. Despite the existence of psychotherapeutic treatment modalities available for some time now, there is a paucity of any psychoanalytically driven treatments and the disorder is widely regarded and classified as being ‘behavioral’. This has profound implications for patients with long-standing character pathology and psychiatric comorbidities, who are underserved by the provision of health services that could efficiently address their issues. Methods: This study presents a psychoanalytic perspective on IGD, based on Kohut’s Self Psychology as applied in the treatment of other addictions. An outline of the theory, assessment and treatment modalities is presented with two case reports that illustrate its application. Results: The presentation outlines the challenges in treating IGD, expanding on the concept of guided imagery, resistance to treatment, selfobject transference and comorbidity with marijuana use and bipolar disorder. Conclusions: A psychoanalytically driven protocol can be effective in treating IGD, especially in cases with marked character pathology and low motive to engage in other treatment modalities.
COVID-19-Related Racial Discrimination during Lockdown and Its Impact on Asian American Women
Authors: Lee Mina , Park In Young , Park Michael , Tran Phuong Khanh , Cozier Yvette C. , Hahm Hyeouk Chris
Published: August 2023

During the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian American (AA) women have experienced a surge in anti-Asian hate crimes and racial discrimination, and a majority of studies have quantitatively shown the negative impact of these incidents on Asian Americans’ well-being. Our research expands on the existing literature by qualitatively investigating types of COVID-19-related racial discrimination during lockdown and its impacts on changes in emotions, behaviors, well-being, and racial identity development among AA women. This study covered two timepoints (December 2019 to May 2020) and the data were collected using an open-ended survey with 40 AA women. Thematic analysis identified core themes related to types of racial discrimination, emotional and behavioral changes, and racial identity status that emerged due to COVID-19-related racial discrimination experiences. The findings shed light on the long-lasting impacts of racial discrimination on AA women’s overall well-being and dynamic development of racial identity. Altogether, our findings underscore the need for systematic forms of advocacy to combat anti-Asian racism and call for solidarity for AA women’s well-being.
Sirtuin1-Mediated Deacetylation of Hypothalamic TTF-1 Contributes to the Energy Deficiency Response
Authors: Kang Dasol , Yang Hye Rim , Kim Dong Hee , Kim Kwang Kon , Jeong Bora , Park Byong Seo , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Jae Geun , Lee Byung Ju
Published: August 2023

TTF-1 stimulates appetite by regulating the expression of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) genes in the hypothalamus of starving animals. However, the mechanism underlying TTF-1’s response to decreased energy levels remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin1 (Sirt1), activates TTF-1 in response to energy deficiency. Energy deficiency leads to a twofold increase in the expression of both Sirt1 and TTF-1, leading to the deacetylation of TTF-1 through the interaction between the two proteins. The activation of Sirt1, induced by energy deficiency or resveratrol treatment, leads to a significant increase in the deacetylation of TTF-1 and promotes its nuclear translocation. Conversely, the inhibition of Sirt1 prevents these Sirt1 effects. Notably, a point mutation in a lysine residue of TTF-1 significantly disrupts its deacetylation and thus nearly completely hinders its ability to regulate AgRP and POMC gene expression. These findings highlight the importance of energy-deficiency-induced deacetylation of TTF-1 in the control of AgRP and POMC gene expression.
Exploring Albumin Functionality Assays: A Pilot Study on Sepsis Evaluation in Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Klinkmann Gerd , Waterstradt Katja , Klammt Sebastian , Schnurr Kerstin , Schewe Jens-Christian , Wasserkort Reinhold , Mitzner Steffen
Published: August 2023

Human serum albumin (HSA) as the most abundant plasma protein carries multifunctional properties. A major determinant of the efficacy of albumin relies on its potent binding capacity for toxins and pharmaceutical agents. Albumin binding is impaired in pathological conditions, affecting its function as a molecular scavenger. Limited knowledge is available on the functional properties of albumin in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. A prospective, non-interventional clinical trial assessed blood samples from 26 intensive care patients. Albumin-binding capacity (ABiC) was determined by quantifying the unbound fraction of the fluorescent marker, dansyl sarcosine. Electron paramagnetic resonance fatty acid spin-probe evaluated albumin’s binding and detoxification efficiencies. Binding efficiency (BE) reflects the strength and amount of bound fatty acids, and detoxification efficiency (DTE) indicates the molecular flexibility of patient albumin. ABiC, BE, and DTE effectively differentiated control patients from those with sepsis or septic shock (AUROC > 0.8). The diagnostic performance of BE showed similarities to procalcitonin. Albumin functionality correlates with parameters for inflammation, hepatic, or renal insufficiency. Albumin-binding function was significantly reduced in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. These findings may help develop patient-specific algorithms for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Differentially Expressed Genes in Response to a Squalene-Supplemented Diet Are Accurate Discriminants of Porcine Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Abuobeid Roubi , Herrera-Marcos Luis V. , Arnal Carmen , Bidooki Seyed Hesamoddin , Sánchez-Marco Javier , Lasheras Roberto , Surra Joaquín C. , Rodríguez-Yoldi María Jesús , Martínez-Beamonte Roberto , Osada Jesús
Published: August 2023

Squalene is the major unsaponifiable component of virgin olive oil, the fat source of the Mediterranean diet. To evaluate its effect on the hepatic transcriptome, RNA sequencing was carried out in two groups of male Large White x Landrace pigs developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by feeding them a high fat/cholesterol/fructose and methionine and choline-deficient steatotic diet or the same diet with 0.5% squalene. Hepatic lipids, squalene content, steatosis, activity (ballooning + inflammation), and SAF (steatosis + activity + fibrosis) scores were analyzed. Pigs receiving the latter diet showed hepatic squalene accumulation and twelve significantly differentially expressed hepatic genes (log2 fold change < 1.5 or <1.5) correlating in a gene network. These pigs also had lower hepatic triglycerides and lipid droplet areas and higher cellular ballooning. Glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP) was correlated with triglyceride content, while alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), neutralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3 (NEURL3), 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL), and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) were correlated with activity reflecting inflammation and ballooning, and NEURL3 with the SAF score. AFP, ENPEP, and PPP1R1B exhibited a remarkably strong discriminant power compared to those pathological parameters in both experimental groups. Moreover, the expression of PPP1R1B, TMEM45B, AFP, and ENPEP followed the same pattern in vitro using human hepatoma (HEPG2) and mouse liver 12 (AML12) cell lines incubated with squalene, indicating a direct effect of squalene on these expressions. These findings suggest that squalene accumulated in the liver is able to modulate gene expression changes that may influence the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Blood-Based Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Research to Date and Future Directions
Authors: Halicki Michal J. , Hind Karen , Chazot Paul L.
Published: August 2023

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease consistently associated with repetitive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), which makes multiple professions, such as contact sports athletes and the military, especially susceptible to its onset. There are currently no approved biomarkers to diagnose CTE, thus it can only be confirmed through a post-mortem brain autopsy. Several imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have shown promise in the diagnosis. However, blood-based biomarkers can be more easily obtained and quantified, increasing their clinical feasibility and potential for prophylactic use. This article aimed to comprehensively review the studies into potential blood-based biomarkers of CTE, discussing common themes and limitations, as well as suggesting future research directions. While the interest in blood-based biomarkers of CTE has recently increased, the research is still in its early stages. The main issue for many proposed biomarkers is their lack of selectivity for CTE. However, several molecules, such as different phosphorylated tau isoforms, were able to discern CTE from different neurodegenerative diseases. Further, the results from studies on exosomal biomarkers suggest that exosomes are a promising source of biomarkers, reflective of the internal environment of the brain. Nonetheless, more longitudinal studies combining imaging, neurobehavioral, and biochemical approaches are warranted to establish robust biomarkers for CTE.
Branched DNA-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Nucleic Acids Analysis with Gold Nanoparticles as Amplifier
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Shang Chunyan , Hu Cuixia , Liu Yumin , Han Jilong
Published: August 2023

A branched DNA-based electrochemical biosensor was designed to sensitively detect specific nucleic acids. On this platform, novel a branched DNA with three sticky ends could be used as a biosensor to sensitively and specifically detect nucleic acids. Meanwhile, we also employed branched DNA-modified AuNPs as a signal amplifier to further improve the sensitivity. Branched DNA sensors, target DNA, and DNA-modified AuNPs formed a sandwich structure to produce an electronic signal for target DNA detection. The reaction primarily involved DNA hybridization without bulky thermal cyclers and enzymes. We proved that the hybridization reaction easily occurred under different conditions, such as the NaCl concentration, reaction time, pH, and temperature, except for a pH lower than 4. The limit of detection could go as low as 0.09 pM (S/N = 3) with excellent specificity and selectivity. There was a correlation curve relationship between the peak current and the logarithm of the target DNA concentration (0.10 pM to 10 nM). The correlation coefficient reached 0.987. The electrochemical platform enables a branched DNA nanostructure to determine nucleic acids for disease diagnosis.
APE-1/Ref-1 Inhibition Blocks Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Proliferation and Migration: Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Driving Carcinogenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Ramundo Valeria , Zanirato Giada , Palazzo Maria Luisa , Riganti Chiara , Aldieri Elisabetta
Published: August 2023

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer associated with asbestos exposure. MPM pathogenesis has been related both to oxidative stress, evoked by and in response to asbestos fibers exposure, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), an event induced by oxidative stress itself and related to cancer proliferation and metastasis. Asbestos-related primary oxidative damage is counteracted in the lungs by various redox-sensitive factors, often hyperactivated in some cancers. Among these redox-sensitive factors, Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1)/Redox effector factor 1 (Ref-1) has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in MPM and lung cancer, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been fully understood. Moreover, asbestos exposure has been associated with induced EMT events, via some EMT transcription factors, such as Twist, Zeb-1 and Snail-1, in possible crosstalk with oxidative stress and inflammation events. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we inhibited/silenced Ref-1 in MPM cells; as a consequence, both EMT (Twist, Zeb-1 and Snail-1) markers and cellular migration/proliferation were significantly inhibited. Taken as a whole, these results show, for the first time, crosstalk between oxidative stress and EMT in MPM carcinogenesis and invasiveness, thus improving the knowledge to better address a preventive and therapeutic approach against this aggressive cancer.
CFTR Modulates Hypothalamic Neuron Excitability to Maintain Female Cycle
Authors: Wu Yong , Que Yanting , Chen Junjiang , Sun Lei , Guo Jinghui , Ruan Ye Chun
Published: August 2023

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), known as an epithelial Cl− channel, is increasingly noted to be expressed in the nervous system, although whether and how it plays a role in neuronal excitability is unclear. Given the association of CFTR with fertility, we tested here possible involvement of CFTR in regulating hypothalamic neuron excitability. Patch-clamp and Ca2+ imaging showed that pharmacological inhibition of CFTR evoked electrical pulses and Ca2+ spikes in primary rat hypothalamic neurons, which was dependent on extracellular Cl−. Hypothalamic neurons in brain-slice preparations from adult female mice with CFTR mutation (DF508) exhibited significantly reduced electrical pulses as compared to the wild-type controls. Removal of extracellular Cl− eliminated hypothalamic electrical pulses in the wild-type brain slices, which was reversible by subsequent addition of Cl−. In adult female mice, Ca2+ indicator (GCaMP6s)-based fiber-photometry showed that hypothalamic Ca2+ activities in vivo were enhanced at the proestrus/estrus phase as compared to the diestrus phase of the female cycle. Such estrus-associated hypothalamic activities were largely diminished in DF508 female mice, together with delayed puberty and disturbed female cycles. Therefore, these findings suggest a critical role of CFTR in modulating hypothalamic neuron excitability, which may account for the disturbed female cycles and reduced female fertility associated with CFTR mutations.
Purine Nucleotide Alterations in Tumoral Cell Lines Maintained with Physiological Levels of Folic Acid
Authors: Cano-Estrada Claudia , de Benito-Gómez Lidia , Escudero-Ferruz Paula , Ontiveros Neus , Iglesias-Serret Daniel , López José M.
Published: August 2023

Most cancer cells have an increased synthesis of purine nucleotides to fulfil their enhanced division rate. The de novo synthesis of purines requires folic acid in the form of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-THF). However, regular cell culture media contain very high, non-physiological concentrations of folic acid, which may have an impact on cell metabolism. Using cell culture media with physiological levels of folic acid (25 nM), we uncover purine alterations in several human cell lines. HEK293T, Jurkat, and A549 cells accumulate 5′-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (ZMP), an intermediary of the de novo biosynthetic pathway, at physiological levels of folic acid, but not with the artificially high levels (2200 nM) present in regular media. Interestingly, HEK293T and Jurkat cells do not accumulate high levels of ZMP when AICAr, the precursor of ZMP, is added to medium containing 2200 nM folate; instead, ATP levels are increased, suggesting an enhanced de novo synthesis. On the other hand, HeLa and EHEB cells do not accumulate ZMP at physiological levels of folic acid, but they do accumulate in medium containing AICAr plus 2200 nM folate. Expression of SLC19A1, which encodes the reduced folate carrier (RFC), is increased in HEK293T and Jurkat cells compared with HeLa and EHEB, and it is correlated with the total purine nucleotide content at high levels of folic acid or with ZMP accumulation at physiological levels of folic acid. In conclusion, tumoral cell lines show a heterogenous response to folate changes in the media, some of them accumulating ZMP at physiological levels of folic acid. Further research is needed to clarify the ZMP downstream targets and their impact on cell function.
Regulation of Notch1 Signalling by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Other Health Disorders
Authors: Kałafut Joanna , Czerwonka Arkadiusz , Czapla Karolina , Przybyszewska-Podstawka Alicja , Hermanowicz Justyna Magdalena , Rivero-Müller Adolfo , Borkiewicz Lidia
Published: August 2023

Notch1 signalling plays a multifaceted role in tissue development and homeostasis. Currently, due to the pivotal role of Notch1 signalling, the relationship between NOTCH1 expression and the development of health disorders is being intensively studied. Nevertheless, Notch1 signalling is not only controlled at the transcriptional level but also by a variety of post-translational events. First is the ligand-dependent mechanical activation of NOTCH receptors and then the intracellular crosstalk with other signalling molecules—among those are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the specific role of lncRNAs in the modulation of Notch1 signalling, from expression to activity, and their connection with the development of health disorders, especially cancers.
Morphological Variability of a Rare Species Zygophyllum pinnatum in the South Urals and Adjacent Territories
Authors: Mustafina Alfiya , Abramova Larisa , Golovanov Yaroslav , Karimova Olga
Published: August 2023

When working with rare plant species, applying morphometric techniques is one of the main ways to obtain a representative data set on plant individuals and the state of particular populations growing in different ecological conditions and experiencing different degrees of anthropogenic load. Zygophyllum pinnatum, an understudied species growing on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Orenburg region, and the Republic of Kazakhstan, is referred as a rare species. The purpose of the work is to study morphometric parameters and reveal the vitality structure of the Z. pinnatum coenopopulations in two regions of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Bashkortostan and Orenburg region) and in the north-west of the Republic of Kazakhstan (the Aktobe Region). Applying standard morphometric techniques, we analyzed the state of 16 coenopopulations of the species. Judging by most morphometric parameters, the leadership belongs to the individuals from the “Troitsk Cretaceous Mountains” coenopopulation located in the Sol-Iletsky District of Orenburg oblast, where, apparently, the most optimal plant conditions are formed (the absence of human impact and low projective cover of the grass stand to have a favorable effect). The minimum values for most parameters are recorded in the coenopopulations located on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, resulting from arid growing conditions. The variability of most characters is within the normal range of the species response (Cv—5.0–44.6%). The discriminant function analysis revealed the morphostructural similarity of individuals from most coenopopulations. Regarding vitality, eight coenopopulations are prosperous, and another eight are depressed. The condition of the species coenopopulations is stable; however, the species is not provided with proper protection measures. Therefore, further monitoring of its habitats and improvement of environmental measures are necessary.
Prediction of Heatwave Using Advanced Soft Computing Technique
Authors: Das Ratnakar , Mishra Jibitesh , Pattnaik Pradyumna Kumar , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir
Published: August 2023

At present, there is no suitable instrument available to simulate modeling the thermal performance of various areas of our states due to its complicated meteorological behavior. To accurately predict a heatwave, we studied the research gaps and current ongoing research on the prediction of heatwaves. For the accurate prediction of a heatwave, we considered two soft computing concepts, (a) Rough Set Theory (RST) and (b) Support Vector Machine (SVM). All the ongoing research on the prediction of heatwaves is based on future predictions with an error margin. All the available techniques use a particular pattern of heatwave data, and these methods do not apply to vague data. This paper used an innovative RST and SVM technique, which can be applied to vague and imprecise datasets to produce the best outcomes. RST is helpful in finding the most significant attributes that will be alarming in the future. This analysis identifies the heat wave as the most prominent characteristic among various meteorological data. SVM is responsible for the future prediction of heat waves, which includes various parameters. By further classification of heatwaves, we found that a lack of greenery will increase the heatwave in the future. Although the survey was conducted based on a sampling distribution, we expect this result to represent the population as we collected our sample in a heterogeneous environment. These outcomes are validated using a statistical method.
First Records of Heartbeats via ECG in a Stingless Bee, Melipona flavolineata (Apidae, Meliponini), during Contention Stress Using Isoflurane as an Anesthetic
Authors: Contrera Felipe Andrés León , Lopes Bárbara dos Santos Conceição , Paz Clarissa Araújo da , Hamoy Maria Klara Otake , Santos Murilo Farias dos , Barbosa Gabriela Brito , Amaral Anthony Lucas Gurgel do , Pinho Luiz Henrique Barbosa de , Hamoy Moisés
Published: August 2023

The hemodynamic activity of Melipona flavolineata workers was evaluated during restraint stress for a period of 30 min. The observed parameters were power variation in the elapsed time, and subsequently, six periods of one second were divided and called A, B, C, D, E and F; in each period, the electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated: spike frequency, amplitude, spike intervals and spike duration. The experiment was carried out with eight worker bees of M. flavolineata, for which electrodes of a nickel–chromium alloy were made. The bees were previously anesthetized with isoflurane and properly contained and fixed in a base for stereotaxis in which the electrode was implanted. All these procedures were performed inside a Faraday cage. The results showed power oscillations during the recording, with the highest energy level being between 300 and 600 s. Spike frequency, spike amplitude, interval between spikes and spike duration parameters underwent changes during the restraint stress period. Thus, the cardiac activity of M. flavolineata can be used as a biomarker and can be used to clarify physiological issues or alterations caused by toxic agents and indicate risk factors for these animals.
Tackling Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Granata Guido , Taglietti Fabrizio , Petrosillo Nicola
Published: August 2023

Globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a menace to public health [...]
Cross-National Generalizability of WISC-V and CHC Broad Ability Constructs across France, Spain, and the US
Authors: Wilson Christopher J. , Bowden Stephen C. , Byrne Linda K. , Vannier Louis-Charles , Hernandez Ana , Weiss Lawrence G.
Published: August 2023

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model is based on psychometric cognitive ability research and is the most empirically supported model of cognitive ability constructs. This study is one in a series of cross-national comparisons investigating the equivalence and generalizability of psychological constructs which align with the CHC model. Previous research exploring the cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures concluded that the factor analytic models of cognitive abilities generalize across cultures and are compatible with well-established CHC constructs. The equivalence of the psychological constructs, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V), has been established across English-speaking samples. However, few studies have explored the equivalence of psychological constructs across non-English speaking, nationally representative samples. This study explored the equivalence of the WISC-V five-factor model across standardization samples from France, Spain, and the US. The five-factor scoring model demonstrated excellent fit across the three samples independently. Factorial invariance was investigated and the results demonstrated strict factorial invariance across France, Spain, and the US. The results provide further support for the generalizability of CHC constructs across Western cultural populations that speak different languages and support the continued use and development of the CHC model as a common nomenclature and blueprint for cognitive ability researchers and test developers. Suggestions for future research on the CHC model of intelligence are discussed.
Smoke Detection of Marine Engine Room Based on a Machine Vision Model (CWC-Yolov5s)
Authors: Zou Yongjiu , Zhang Jinqiu , Du Taili , Jiang Xingjia , Wang Hao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yuewen , Sun Peiting
Published: August 2023

According to statistics, about 70% of ship fire accidents occur in the engine room, due to the complex internal structure and various combustible materials. Once a fire occurs, it is difficult to extinguish and significantly impacts the crew’s life and property. Therefore, it is urgent to design a method to detect the fire phenomenon in the engine room in real time. To address this problem, a machine vision model (CWC-YOLOv5s) is proposed, which can identify early fires through smoke detection methods. Firstly, a coordinate attention mechanism is added to the backbone of the baseline model (YOLOv5s) to enhance the perception of image feature information. The loss function of the baseline model is optimized by wise intersection over union, which speeds up the convergence and improves the effect of model checking. Then, the coordconv coordinate convolution layer replaces the standard convolution layer of the baseline model, which enhances the boundary information and improves the model regression accuracy. Finally, the proposed machine vision model is verified by using the ship video system and the laboratory smoke simulation bench. The results show that the proposed model has a detection precision of 91.8% and a recall rate of 88.1%, which are 2.2% and 4.6% higher than those of the baseline model.
Unveiling the Power of ARIMA, Support Vector and Random Forest Regressors for the Future of the Dutch Employment Market
Authors: Gajewski Piotr , Čule Boris , Rankovic Nevena
Published: August 2023

The increasing popularity of online job vacancies and machine learning methods has raised questions about their combination to enhance our understanding of labour markets and algorithms. However, the lack of comparable studies necessitates further investigation. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of Random Forest Regressor (RFR) and Support Vector Regressor (SVR) machine learning models in predicting online job vacancies compared to the auto-regressive ARIMA method. To answer this question, detailed sub-questions are posed in relation to the sub-samples of the main data provided by Birch Consultants, an external partner originally obtained by Jobdigger. Drawing upon previous research on time-series accuracy, this study combines various approaches to benefit society and the external partner. Using the walk-forward validation method, with a 91-day expanding window, it provides precise answers to the sub-questions. Findings suggest that RFR is suitable for forecasting larger samples, while SVR is preferred due to its capability to predict small series despite relatively small scoring benefits and computational costs. Both machine learning models outperform the baseline ARIMA model in capturing complex time-series. Further research should focus on exploring advanced auto-regressive, deep learning, and hybrid models for future investigations.
Thermal Comfort Assessment in Urban Green Spaces: Contribution of Thermography to the Study of Thermal Variation between Tree Canopies and Air Temperature
Authors: Ornelas Alexandre , Cordeiro António , Lameiras José Miguel
Published: August 2023

Understanding the thermal effects of different urban patterns that constitute today’s urban landscapes is critical to the development of urban resilience to climate change. This article aims to assess the efficiency of urban green spaces in thermal regulation. Through thermography, we explored the interaction between air temperature and the spatial components within these environments. Through comparative analysis involving a UAV, we studied the relationship between air temperatures at varying altitudes and the temperature within tree canopies. The results revealed significant differences in the thermal distribution between impervious urban areas with buildings and green spaces. These findings provide important information for assessing thermal comfort and the efficiency of urban green spaces in mitigating the impact of extreme heat events. During the summer months, green spaces, due to shade and the enhanced absorption of solar radiation by trees, exhibited lower temperatures compared to impervious areas. However, in winter, urban areas displayed higher temperatures, attributable to their heat retention capacity. This study contributes to the existing knowledge base by providing an in-depth examination of the thermal efficiency of urban green spaces across different layers of their lower atmosphere. Our results underscore the crucial role of tree cover in thermal comfort regulation, offering valuable information for sustainable urban planning. These insights are particularly relevant for the design of more comfortable and resilient environments in response to climatic variations and for the crafting of a tree-planting strategy in Mediterranean climate cities, an area where the impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly apparent.
The Role of the Urban Design Review Panel in a Master-Planned Community Development: A Case Study of Hobsonville Point, New Zealand
Authors: Chuang I-Ting , Beattie Lee
Published: August 2023

Design guidelines and design review panel (DRPs) are crucial components in ensuring consistent and high-quality design within masterplan sites. This study focuses on New Zealand, examining the challenges faced by industry partners in adapting to master-planned design guidelines. The case study centres on Hobsonville Point, the largest government-led masterplan community in New Zealand, which promotes sustainable and higher-density living—an uncommon concept in the country. We conducted interviews with 18 key stakeholders involved in the development of Hobsonville Point. The results show that the DRP provides flexible judgments and insightful information that better accommodate individual development characteristics than the strict numerical standards specified in design guidelines. This study underscores the importance of the DRP in producing good design outcomes, especially when they are involved at the very beginning of the design process. Additionally, we took note of stakeholder concerns about DRP members’ expertise and the possible effects of high turnover rates on the design process. To strive for continual improvement, future empirical studies on the DRP process are encouraged to enhance proficiency and dependability. Design guidance should be prioritised to ensure that climate-related design is implemented to promote sustainable urban development.
Mpox Virus: Control of In-Hospital Occupational Transmission Experience from a Tertiary Level Hospital in Milan, Italy
Authors: Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Gianotti Nicola , Moro Matteo , Mileto Davide , Gordo Perez Victoria , Castagna Antonella , Nozza Silvia
Published: August 2023

Mpox has caused a global outbreak since May 2022, particularly affecting people belonging to key populations, but cases among healthcare providers have been reported. The aim of this work is to present the experience of the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy with respect to infection control and prevention of mpox occupational transmission. Between May–November 2022, 140 individuals were diagnosed with mpox and six required hospitalization. Overall, 12 medical doctors and 22 nurses provided care to people with mpox. A hospital policy aimed at controlling viral transmission was implemented in May 2022. Protective equipment was used for all healthcare providers. One accidental puncture occurred with a scalpel contaminated with blood from a mpox viremic individual (mpox plasma cycle threshold = 36); no mpox related symptoms were observed and mpox testing ruled out transmission. Six months following exposure, neutralizing antibodies were not detectable, ruling out contagion. Overall, we observed no mpox transmission among healthcare workers, despite the number of visits and procedures performed, including bodily-fluids sampling, and even following puncture with contaminated blood. Hospital preparedness for the management of new infectious disease outbreaks, with rapid implementation of policies aimed at controlling infection, is paramount to avoid occupational transmission.
Effects of Nitrogen Modification of Porous PVD–MoS2 Coatings on the Tribological Behavior under Rolling–Sliding Conditions in Vacuum
Authors: Seynstahl Armin , Polzer Markus , Bartz Marcel , Wartzack Sandro , Tremmel Stephan
Published: August 2023

In order to improve the tribological performance of PVD–MoS2 coatings, which are frequently used as a solid lubricant for operating in challenging environments, e.g., in a vacuum, they can be modified with nitrogen. This work evaluates the tribological behavior and a possible compaction occurring during the initial tribological load in the rolling contact for pure and nitrogen-modified PVD–MoS2 coatings in a vacuum. Short-running tests (1000 cycles) of coated steel discs paired with uncoated steel discs made from 100Cr6 (1.3505, AISI 52100) were conducted on a two-disc tribometer. The slide-to-roll ratio of 10.5% was kept constant, while the load was varied in two steps from 1.1 GPa to 1.6 GPa. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the worn and the pristine coatings by means of nanoindentation and an optical analysis of the wear track. The formation of a load-bearing solid lubrication was achieved for both MoS2-variants. The main differences affected the material transfer and wear mechanisms. The worn coatings reached a similar wear coefficient of 4 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1 and a possible compaction of the coatings was found, indicated through an increased indentation hardness (for MoS2 1158% and MoS2:N 96% at a 1.1 GPa load). The assumed tribological mechanism changed with nitrogen modification, but scales with increasing load. The nitrogen-modified MoS2 coating showed less compaction than pure MoS2, while the frictional behavior was improved by a 17% reduction of the coefficient of friction.
Development of Inoculants for Aluminum Alloy: A Review
Authors: Liu Shuiqing , Zhao Tong , Fu Jinyuan , Zu Qun
Published: August 2023

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in packaging, transportation, electrical materials, and many other fields because of their abundance, light weight, good mechanical properties, suitable corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity, and other advantages. Grain refinement achieved by adding inoculant is important not only to reduce the segregation and thermal cracking of alloy castings but also to improve the mechanical properties of alloy castings. Therefore, fine equiaxed grain structure has always been one of the goals pursued by the aluminum alloy casting industry. For this reason, the selection and development of effective inoculants for aluminum alloy is a key technology in the aluminum processing industry. This paper summarizes the development history of inoculants for aluminum alloy, including Al-Ti-C, Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti, Al-Ti-B-(C)-Ce, Al-Sc, and the Fe-rich phase of Al-Si alloy. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of common inoculants are introduced and prospective future applications are reviewed.
Comparative Analysis of Trifluoracetic Acid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Materials
Authors: Piedrahita-Rodríguez Sara , Baumberger Stéphanie , Cézard Laurent , Poveda-Giraldo Jhonny Alejandro , Alzate-Ramírez Andrés Felipe , Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel
Published: August 2023

Lignocellulosic materials are usually processed toward C5 and C6 corresponding sugars. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a pretreatment method to solubilize hemicellulose to sugars such xylose without degrading cellulose. However, this pretreatment has not been compared to other processes. Thus, this paper focuses on the techno-economic comparison of the C5–C6 production of C5–C6 as raw materials platforms using non-centrifuged sugarcane bagasse (NCSB) and Pinus patula wood chips (PP). Hydrolysates using TFA 2.5 M as an acid were characterized through HPLC regarding arabinose, galactose glucose, xylose, and mannose sugars. Then, simulations of the processes according to the experimental results were done. The economic assessment was performed, and compared with some common pretreatments. The mass and energy balances of the simulations indicate that the process can be compared with other pretreatments. From the economic perspective, the main operating expenditures (OpEx) are related to raw materials and capital depreciation due to the cost of TFA corrosion issues. The processes showed a CapEx and OpEx of 0.99 MUSD and 6.59 M-USD/year for NCSB, and 0.97 MUSD and 4.37 MUSD/year for PP, considering a small-scale base (1 ton/h). TFA pretreatment is innovative and promising from a techno-economic perspective.