bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities in the making sense of climate change narratives
Authors: Espluga-Trenc Josep , Prades Ana
Published: October 2023

In this viewpoint we intend to argue two things. First, that any attempt at effective communication must consider not only the causes and effects of climate change, but also the political measures proposed to address those causes and effects, since both influence public perceptions and behaviours. Second, that it is necessary to better understand the processes by which citizens make sense of climate change, as well as the role that their position in the social structure plays in shaping such perceptions. According to our recent research, the most sceptical or denialist people ignore the problem due to their (perceived) difficulties to change ways of life, and this implies that any attempt to modify this perception should go beyond climate change policies in the strict sense, considering other political measures to compensate these (perceived) deficits and help people to be able to consider a change of ways of life.
Delivery of RNP complexes for CRISPRi (dCas9) silencing in vitro and in vivo using crystalline ultrasmall particles (CUSP)
Authors: Unger Gretchen , Korman Viccie L , Kren Betsy T , Tobolt Diane L
Published: October 2023

Delivery of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP) for CRISPR gene editing has emerged as a powerful strategy that minimizes off-targeting risks and simplifies dosing. However, RNP delivery approaches often rely upon bursting of endosomes for RNP release, a strategy that also triggers inflammatory responses, which can be exacerbated by the bacterial Cas9 endonuclease. Here, we describe initial results after encapsulating spCas9 or dead spCas9 (dCas9) RNPs in hepatocyte-targeting CUSP particles, comprising a shell with the glycoprotein ligand Asialoorosomucoid. CUSP particles are ~ 20 nm diameter and enter cells through size-limited lipid raft uptake to reach the nucleus without endosome capture. This design has been shown effective in plasmid delivery and treatment in vivo (1). Presently, we found CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs encapsulated in neutral-charge CUSP particles knocked down target F7 mRNA and protein in murine liver tissue and in 3D hepatocyte cell culture. Surprisingly, knockdown was via CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and not CRISPR cleavage. A maximum effective dose of ~10e13 particles was observed in vivo
(40-85% knockdown of the three F7 protein fragments, 30% F7 mRNA knockdown by qPCR
) beyond which efficacy decreased. This finding corresponds with isotopic biodistribution studies and apparent dysregulation of intracellular trafficking, suggesting optimal dosing of CUSP-RNP particles could consist of repeat dosing at a non-saturating dose. We found no evidence of inflammation at the effective treatment dose. We further investigated CUSP delivery of dCas9 RNP and confirmed dCas9 mechanism, in knocking down F7 mRNA and protein in vitro. We observe that achieving DNA-cleaving activity with nanocapsule spCas9 RNPs may be particularly challenging, possibly due to large conformational changes required for activity (2). Conversely, dCas9 does not require large conformational changes, and CUSP’s repeatable-dosing and nuclear-homing platform can potentially exploit the efficient, inherently short-term activity of dCas9 RNP. We conclude CUSP RNP delivery is a promising strategy for overcoming CRISPR barriers to the clinic.

References

Kren et al, 2009, JCI 119(7); 2086-99, PMCID: PMC2861417

Jiang & Doudna, 2016, Annu Rev Biophys 46; 505–29, DOI:
doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-062215-010822
Passive topical administration of nucleic acids to skin by cell-targeted sub-50 nanometer capsules
Authors: Unger Gretchen , Fuetes del Albin M , Kaspar R , Kren BT , Tobolt DT , Murtaugh M
Published: October 2023

Passive topical administration of nucleic acid drugs and vaccines is a desirable goal for patient-friendly manipulation of target cells in the skin. However, two major delivery challenges that have impeded development are 1) penetrating the stratum corneum, and 2) avoiding endosomal entrapment and degradation.

GeneSegues has developed a novel drug delivery technology, sub-50 nanometer (s50) crystallized capsules, for intact delivery of nucleic acids to intracellular sites in target cells. s50 capsules are directed to specific tissue and cells by formulating appropriate targeting proteins, peptides or antibody ligands as the crystallized capsule shell. The novel size and structure of s50 capsules allows for efficient penetration of the stratum corneum and, by co-opting the non-endosomal pathway referred to as “lipid rafts”, intact delivery of nucleic acid cargo to the nucleus and cytoplasm of the target cell.

Here we show in pilot studies using pig dermis organ culture as an established and relevant model for human skin, transcutaneous passage of plasmid-bearing s50 capsules with cell-specific targeting. In these studies, we compared fibronectin, hyaluronan and tenascin as shell targeting components. We extended these studies of passive cutaneous delivery, using plasmid-bearing, fibronectin-coated s50 capsules, to in vivo timecourse studies in murine paws where stratum corneum layers in footpads are approximately 50 um thick, demonstrating uniform transfection of underlying basal keratinocytes.

In a further extension, using hyaluronan-coated s50 capsules together with a novel adjuvant, we demonstrate a functional response to model antigen in studies of passive topical DNA vaccine adminstration in weanling pigs. Skin is a powerful immune organ, not conveniently addressed by current methods of vaccine administration, e.g., injection, gene gun, or electroporation. We found improvement in mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses, relative to intradermal protein antigen injection that was biased towards distal and draining nodal lymphoctyes, demonstrating a functional response in a clinically relevant model to topical administration of nucleic acids using s50 capsules.

We expect that with further characterization, these studies may provide a solid framework for further development of s50-mediated cutaneous delivery of nucleic acid drugs and vaccines.

Grant acknowledgments: NIH R43 CA119556, R43 AI60268
Level of service of public transport operation - pilot study
Authors: Jirmanová Markéta , Novotný Vojtěch , Dousková Nikol
Published: October 2023

Smart transport planning based on the use of available data while supporting sustainable transport modes is an integral part of the Smart city concept. This article presents a critical analysis of the Level of Service of Public Transport Operation Assessment Method, which is based on two indicators - the reliability index and the travel speed index. The method is applied to a larger sample of data from several different cities, it makes it possible to evaluate the possible shortcomings of the method, since the method has not yet been applied to such a large number of case studies.
Design of a network of cycling routes in the Kutná Hora district
Authors: Vacka Lukáš , Vrtal Pavel , Kohout Tomáš
Published: October 2023

Cycling is a dynamically expanding transport mode of today. At the same time, cycling is an alternative to individual car transport as well as to public transport. The basis of a good cycling infrastructure is a comprehensive network of safe cycling routes linking transport sources and destinations in the area. The partial objectives of the project are to evaluate the management of the existing cycle routes according to the way cyclists are guided and according to the surface of the individual route sections, as well as to determine the basic sources and destinations. The main objectives of the project are to design a network of bicycle routes with a focus on keeping them separate from motorized traffic and linking the identified resources and destinations, as well as determining thedifficulty of each newly proposed route.
Effects of Fast Neutron Irradiation on Switching of Silicon Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Ahn Sung Ho , Sun Gwang Min
Published: October 2023

Background: When bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are used as switches, their switching characteristics can be deteriorated because the recombination time of the minority carriers is long during turn-off transient. When BJTs operate as low frequency switches, the power dissipation in the on-state is large. However, when BJTs operate as high frequency switches, the power dissipation during switching transients increases rapidly.Materials and Methods: When silicon (Si) BJTs are irradiated by fast neutrons, defects occur in the Si bulk, shortening the lifetime of the minority carriers. Fast neutron irradiation mainly creates displacement damage in the Si bulk rather than a total ionization dose effect. Defects caused by fast neutron irradiation shorten the lifetime of minority carriers of BJTs. Furthermore, these defects change the switching characteristics of BJTs.Results and Discussion: In this study, experimental results on the switching characteristics of a pnp Si BJT before and after fast neutron irradiation are presented. The results show that the switching characteristics are improved by fast neutron irradiation, but power dissipation in the on-state is large when the fast neutrons are irradiated excessively.Conclusion: The switching characteristics of a pnp Si BJT were improved by fast neutron irradiation.
Color Texture Analysis as a Tool for Quantitative Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Skin Injuries
Authors: Lee Sung Young , Kim Jin Ho , Chang Ji Hyun , Park Jong Min , Choi Chang Heon , Kim Jung-in , Park So-Yeon
Published: October 2023

Background: Color texture analysis was applied as a tool for quantitative evaluation of radiation-induced skin injuries.Materials and Methods: We prospectively selected 20 breast cancer patients who underwent whole-breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. Color images of skin surfaces for irradiated breasts were obtained by using a mobile skin analyzer. The first skin measurement was performed before the first fraction of radiotherapy, and the subsequent measurement was conducted approximately 10 days after the completion of the entire series of radiotherapy sessions. For comparison, color images of the skin surface for the unirradiated breasts were measured similarly. For each color image, six co-occurrence matrices (red-green [RG], red-blue [RB], and green-blue [GB] from color channels, red [R], green [G], blue [B] from gray channels) can be generated. Four textural features (contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity) were calculated for each co-occurrence matrix. Finally, several statistical analyses were used to investigate the performance of the color textural parameters to objectively evaluate the radiation-induced skin damage.Results and Discussion: For the R channel from the gray channel, the differences in the values between the irradiated and unirradiated skin were larger than those of the G and B channels. In addition, for the RG and RB channels, where R was considered in the color channel, the differences were larger than those in the GB channel. When comparing the relative values between gray and color channels, the ‘contrast’ values for the RG and RB channels were approximately two times greater than those for the R channel for irradiated skin. In contrast, there were no noticeable differences for unirradiated skin.Conclusion: The utilization of color texture analysis has shown promising results in evaluating the severity of skin damage caused by radiation. All textural parameters of the RG and RB cooccurrence matrices could be potential indicators of the extent of skin damage caused by radiation.
Preverbal Directional Particles in Lutuv
Authors: Smith Dillon Tautunu
Published: October 2023

This squib describes preverbal directional particles in Lutuv.
COVID-19 Transition to Online
Authors: Moore-Beyioku Cheryl
Published: October 2023

The need to quickly transition from face-to-face teaching using engaging, content-based activities to a new, online platform in just two weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic, made it necessary to try to migrate familiar activities that the students enjoyed into a virtual classroom. The activity that proved to be the most successful in maintaining a sense of community, engaging students, and reviewing content was playing Quizlet Live while in Breakout Rooms in Zoom.

Keywords: online teaching, gaming, pandemic, student participation, active learning, learner engagement, collaboration, educational technology, Distance Education.
School Reentry Plans for Students with Chronic Illness:
Authors: Wikel Kristin C , Markelz Andrew M
Published: October 2023

Students with chronic illnesses benefit from coordinated school reentry plans developed in conjunction with families, school personnel, and medical specialists. A systematic literature review was conducted to study school reentry plans that are specific to students with chronic illness. Five studies met inclusion criteria and were synthesized and analyzed based upon specific reentry characteristics as well as the overall impact transition plans had on student mental health and academics. Findings suggest that there is little standardization within reentry program research which leads to program variability. Nevertheless, findings also suggest that school reentry programs for students with chronic illness resulted in higher rates of school attendance as well as increased feelings of social connectiveness with their classmates. Further research within the area of hospital to school transition procedures for students with chronic illness is needed to establish practice guidelines within the medical and educational communities.
Między nonkonformizmem a kolaboracją. Kontakty polsko-niemieckie w biografii Jana Emila Skiwskiego
Authors: Polechoński Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

In the interwar period, Jan Emil Skiwski gained recognition as an outstanding literary critic. While the Nazis occupied Poland during World War II, as one of the few writers with ideological motives, he collaborated with the Germans, supporting their propaganda activities, including in the magazine “Przełom”. His attitude was met with general condemnation. After the war, the writer chose to emigrate, hiding behind a changed name, especially given that in communist Poland, he was sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment and loss of public rights. An interesting episode in his post-war biography is the friendship he developed with the German intellectual Jürgen Rausch during his stay in the Allied camp for prisoners of war in Italy. The article tries to present these special Polish–German relations of Skiwski.
Obcy, czyli wróg – o sposobach prezentowania Niemców w powojennych programach nauczania języka polskiego
Authors: Kaniewski Jerzy
Published: October 2023

In this text, I show how Polish–German relations were depicted in the educational discourse. I analyse post-war Polish programmes and curricula, paying special attention to those from the second half of the 1940s, as they are the clearest example of how the way that the image of our Western neighbour was presented fit the ideological line imposed by the government at the time. I am interested in the then-current selection of topics and the prescribed reading, as well as in the accompanying didactical commentary which, in the first few curricula, takes the form of ideologised briefings. I also underline the way that schools were intertwined in the legitimation processes, which benefited the government’s interests. Of special interest to me is the identity project forming part of education, especially the model of Polish patriotism which was built over the figure of “the enemy” – which is also apparent in today’s form of patriotism.
The analysis of fire hotspot distribution in Kalimantan and its relation- ship with ENSO phases
Authors: Zahra Rahma Aulia , Nurjani Emilya , Sekaranom Andung Bayu
Published: October 2023

Kalimantan experiences fire hazards almost every year, which threaten the largest tropical forest in South- east Asia. Climatic conditions, such as increasing surface temperature and decreasing rainfall, become important es- pecially when El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs. Studies on fire are commonly conducted based on the climatic condition such as the dry or wet season, but those which focused on analysis of fire occurrences with the specific ENSO phases are still limited. This study aims to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, land surface temperature, and soil moisture and analyses the distribution of hotspots in Kalimantan from 2014 to 2020 dur- ing different ENSO phases. The data used are Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for hotspot analysis, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) for rainfall analysis, MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) for surface temperature analysis and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) for soil moisture analysis. The methods used were descriptive and spatial analyses based on each ENSO phase, which were then combined to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution of fire, rainfall, LST and soil moisture. The temporal distribution shows a positive relationship between ENSO, rainfall, LST, soil moisture and hotspots with a confidence level of 90% in the dry months of August– October. Fire occurred in most parts of West and Central Kalimantan, associated with low elevation, organic soil types and agricultural peatland. The average trend of increasing hotspots is 17.4% in the El Nino phase and decreasing hot- spots by 84.7% in the La Nina phase during August–October in Kalimantan.
Generative adversarial approach to urban areas NDVI estimation: A case study of Łódź, Poland
Authors: Adamiak Maciej , Będkowski Krzysztof , Bielecki Adam
Published: October 2023

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) opened new possibilities for image processing and analysis. In- painting, dataset augmentation using artificial samples, or increasing spatial resolution of aerial imagery are only a few notable examples of utilising GANs in remote sensing (RS). The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) ground-truth labels were prepared by combining RGB and NIR orthophotos. The dataset was then utilised as input for a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to perform an image-to-image translation. The main goal of the neural network was to generate an artificial NDVI image for each processed 256 px × 256 px patch using only in- formation available in the panchromatic input. The network achieved a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.7569 ± 0.1083, a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 26.6459 ± 3.6577 and a root-mean-square error (RSME) of 0.0504 ± 0.0193 on the test set, which should be considered high. The perceptual evaluation was performed to verify the meth- od’s usability when working with a real-life scenario. The research confirms that the structure and texture of the pan- chromatic aerial RS image contain sufficient information for NDVI estimation for various objects of urban space. Even though these results can highlight areas rich in vegetation and distinguish them from the urban background, there is still room for improvement regarding the accuracy of the estimated values. The research aims to explore the possibility of utilising GAN to enhance panchromatic images (PAN) with information related to vegetation. This opens exciting opportunities for historical RS imagery processing and analysis.
High-performance wearable flexible strain sensors based on an AgNWs/rGO/TPU electrospun nanofiber film for monitoring human activities
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wu Minghua , Liu Qun , Wang Haidong
Published: October 2023

Wearable flexible strain sensors have attracted considerable attention in recent years, while it is still a significant challenge to fabricate wearable flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide sensing range simultaneously. In this work, a high-performance wearable flexible strain sensor based on a thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun nanofibers (TPUNFs) film embedded with a silver nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (AgNWs/rGO) composite conductive material was fabricated via a simple drop-coating technique. The effect of the amount of AgNWs/rGO composite conductive material on the strain sensing range of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor was investigated, the strain sensing range of AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor was compared with that of the AgNWs/TPUNFs and GO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor, and the strain sensing properties of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor were measured. The results showed that the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and wide sensing range simultaneously was achieved by compounding AgNWs and the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive material. The strain sensing range of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor could be improved by increasing the amount of the AgNWs/rGO composite conductive material, and it was obviously better than that of AgNWs/TPUNFs and the rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor. The obtained AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor possessed high sensitivity (the gauge factor could reach a maximum of 2513.23.) as well as a wide sensing range (∼187%). Furthermore, the obtained AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor had a fast response/recovery time (200 ms/300 ms) and good cycling stability (∼3,000 cycles). Benefitting from the outstanding strain sensing performance, the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor could detect large human motions such as finger, wrist, and knee bending as well as expression, which demonstrates great potential applications in wearable devices.
Neuronal Ensembles in the Infralimbic Cortex Dynamically Process Distinct Aspects of Hedonic Value
Authors: Hurley Seth W. , Douton Joaquin E. , Carelli Regina M.
Published: October 2023

Hedonic processing is critical for guiding appropriate behavior, and the infralimbic cortex (IL) is a key neural substrate associated with this function in rodents and humans. We used deep brainin vivocalcium imaging and taste reactivity in freely behaving male and female Sprague Dawley rats to examine whether the infralimbic cortex is involved in encoding innate versus conditioned hedonic states. In experiment 1, we examined the IL neuronal ensemble responsiveness to intraoral innately rewarding (sucrose) versus aversive (quinine) tastants. Most IL neurons responded to either sucrose only or both sucrose and quinine, with fewer neurons selectively processing quinine. Among neurons that responded to both stimuli, some appear to encode hedonic processing. In experiment 2, we examined how IL neurons process devalued sucrose using conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We found that neurons that responded exclusively to sucrose were disengaged while additional quinine-exclusive neurons were recruited. Moreover, tastant-specific neurons that did not change their neuronal activity after CTA appeared to encode objective hedonic value. However, other neuronal ensembles responded to both tastants and appear to encode distinct aspects of hedonic processing. Specifically, some neurons responded differently to quinine and sucrose and shifted from appetitive-like to aversive-like activity after CTA, thus encoding the subjective hedonic value of the stimulus. Conversely, neurons that responded similarly to both tastants were heightened after CTA. Our findings show dynamic shifts in IL ensembles encoding devalued sucrose and support a role for parallel processing of objective and subjective hedonic value.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisrupted affective processing contributes to psychiatric disorders including depression, substance use disorder, and schizophrenia. We assessed how the infralimbic cortex, a key neural substrate involved in affect generation and affect regulation, processes innate and learned hedonic states using deep brainin vivocalcium imaging in freely behaving rats. We report that unique infralimbic cortex ensembles encode stimulus subjective and objective hedonic value. Further, our findings support similarities and differences in innate versus learned negative affective states. This study provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying affect generation and helps to establish a foundation for the development of novel treatment strategies to reduce negative affective states that arise in many psychiatric disorders.
Unilateral lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus impairs estradiol feedback, follicular development, estrous cycle and ovulation
Authors: Silva Carlos-Camilo , Benítez Diana Pamela , Flores Angélica , Cortés Georgina Daniela , Vieyra Elizabeth , Juárez-Tapia Cinthia Rocío , Romero-Reyes Jessica , Domínguez Roberto
Published: October 2023

In brief

The SCN regulates ovulation by stimulating the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins. This study revealed an additional role in the sensitization of the hypothalamus to estradiol that changes along the estrous cycle and the side of the nucleus.

Ovulation is timed by neural signals originating at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that trigger ovulation when converge with high estradiol levels, which indicates the maturation of ovarian follicles. We have shown that the hypothalamic regulation of ovulation is asymmetrical and we hypothesized that the paired SCN could contribute to such symmetries. We unilaterally lesioned the SCN of rats at each stage of the estrous cycle and evaluated the acute effects on the progression of their estrous cycle, follicular development and ovulation. Lesions prevented progression of the estrous cycle when performed in estrus/metestrus but not in diestrus/proestrus. Abnormalities in follicular development were observed in the nonovulating lesioned rats and this was independent of the side of the SCN destroyed and the stage of the cycle when surgery was performed. Groups of lesioned rats were then hormonally primed with GnRH or estradiol to assess the neuroendocrine pathway altered by the treatment. GnRH restored ovulation, suggesting that both SCN are needed for proper triggering of the preovulatory surge of GnRH and that unilateral lesion does not impair the sensitivity of the pituitary or the ovary to GnRH and gonadotropins, respectively. With regard to restoring ovulation, estradiol was asymmetrically effective in rats lesioned in estrous, partially effective in rats operated at diestrus and ineffective in rats at metestrus. Our results indicate that the SCN regulates the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis not only by modulating the preovulatory surge of GnRH/gonadotropins but also by promoting the hypothalamic integration of estrogenic signals from the ovaries in an asymmetric and stage-dependent fashion.
EL ELEMENTO SUBJETIVO DEL INJUSTO EN EL DELITO DE AUTOADOCTRINAMIENTO TERRORISTA DEL ART. 575.2 CP
Authors: González Uriel Daniel
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis del elemento subjetivo del injusto presente en el delito de autoadoctrinamiento o autocapacitación con fines terroristas. Para ello, después de realizar un breve estudio del tipo objetivo, se efectúa una revisión doctrinal y jurisprudencial del citado elemento subjetivo. Nos hallamos ante un componente teleológico redoblado, que se erige en el aspecto fundamental para determinar la tipicidad de las conductas, y que ha concitado severas críticas. Se trata de un delito muy discutido, que confronta con principios esenciales del ordenamiento punitivo y que presenta serias dudas de constitucionalidad, por lo que se propone su derogación y, en su defecto, una interpretación restrictiva, que sea compatible con el respeto a los derechos a la libertad ideológica, religiosa y de conciencia.
PROBLEMAS CONCURSALES DEL DELITO DE PERTENENCIA O DIRECCIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS U ORGANIZACIONES PARA LA FINANCIACIÓN ILEGAL DE PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS, FEDERACIONES, COALICIONES O AGRUPACIONES DE ELECTORES (ART. 304 TER CP)
Authors: Morales Hernández Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2023

El actual Titulo XIII bis del Código Penal ha incorporado el art. 304 ter que tipifica un delito de los denominados como de «organización», en concreto, la pertenencia o dirección a estructuras u organizaciones cuyo objeto sea la financiación ilegal de partidos políticos, federaciones, coaliciones o agrupaciones de electores. No obstante, desde su incorporación a nuestro principal texto punitivo, este concreto ilícito penal ha recibido numerosas críticas doctrinales, siendo una de las más relevantes la relativa a las problemáticas de índole concursal que éste puede llegar a plantear. Así, este trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto realizar un análisis de los diferentes tipos penales que integran este delito con el fin, posteriormente, de determinar cómo se solucionarían cada uno de estos problemas concursales.
LOS SISTEMAS DE CUMPLIMIENTO Y SU EFECTO EN LA RESPONSABILIDAD DE PERSONAS JURÍDICAS EN EL PERÚ
Authors: García Cavero Percy
Published: October 2023

El primero de abril de 2016 se promulgó la Ley Nº 30424, denominada inicialmente “Ley que regula la responsabilidad administrativa de las personas jurídicas por el delito de cohecho activo transnacional”. Uno de los aspectos más importantes de esta regulación es la posibilidad de eximir de responsabilidad a la persona jurídica si es que ésta, con anterioridad a la comisión del delito, adopta e implementa en su organización un modelo de prevención con medidas de vigilancia y control idóneas para prevenirlo o para reducir significativamente el riesgo de su comisión. Si la adopción e implementación del modelo de prevención tiene lugar, más bien, con posterioridad a la comisión del delito, lo que procede es una atenuación de la responsabilidad. Si bien la Ley Nº 30424 ha sufrido al día de hoy varias modificaciones sustanciales, la adopción de un sistema de cumplimiento normativo de carácter penal por parte de la persona jurídica sigue incidiendo favorablemente en las sanciones que, por la comisión de un delito, cabría imponerle. De las particularidades de esta regulación me voy a ocupar con mayor detalle en este informe nacional, dividiendo la exposición en cuatro apartados generales: el primero se ocupará de la forma en la que se introdujo la responsabilidad de la persona jurídica por la comisión de delitos, el segundo se encargará de describir de manera general cómo es el sistema de responsabilidad asumido, el tercero entrará en las exigencias que legalmente se establecen para que un modelo de prevención pueda ser considerado idóneo y el cuarto se hará cargo de algunos aspectos procesales.
Europe’s Energy Crisis; Winners of the Crisis with Market Data
Authors: Erkan Anıl Çağlar , Gürsoy Samet , Doğan Mesut , Alshiqi Sevdie
Published: October 2023

Prices of natural gas, coal, and electricity have risen to the highest level of the last ten years in the last quarter of 2021. It’s possible to express that energy prices in 2021 were much higher, compared to the crisis of 2020’s Covid-19 breakout’s historical descent in the first few months. There are a few factors to this rally. The epidemic caused structural fractions on a global scale. But in general, there is no doubt that crisis factors, which mainly concern Europe, are not limited (with) recovery process in the economy. With this notion, the main structure of this work’s subject aims to analyze the lead-up to the energy crisis that became apparent in 2021. Also, in the work, the energy crisis that’s been occurring will be analyzed thoroughly, with the help of its dynamics and causes. Within the scope of the study, the Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test was run using the weekly stock closing data of EU natural gas prices (EUGP), Gazprom (XGASPR), and Equinor (XEQUNR) for the period 05.11.2017–28.11.2021. As a result of the analysis, a causal relationship between the variables was determined. However, the work will positively contribute to the literature, being a guide to the current situations and overcoming the similar crisis that might occur in the future.
Evaluation of the adsorption properties of composite materials for caesium, cobalt, and europium
Authors:   , Novikau Raman
Published: October 2023

Kompozicinių medžiagų adsorbcinių savybių ceziui, kobaltui ir europiui vertinimas
Imdar Sebagai Strategi Dalam Memproduksi Karya Tulis
Authors: Suwarno Wiji
Published: October 2023

Menulis adalah suatu aktivitas komunikasi yang menjadi alternatif setelah komunikasi lisan.  Menulis menjadi bahasa komunikasi  yang tidak dibatasi ruang dan waktu.  Setiap saat, dimana saja, dan siapa saja bisa menggunakan bahasa tulis ini untuk berbagai kepentingan.  Penulisan ini mengangkat tema tentang penulisan karya tulis, dimana hal yang akan dilihat adalah strategi penulisan yang dilakukan para pustakawan pada PTKIN  yang disimpulkan dalam satu bentuk  metode.   Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.  Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa strategi menulis pustakawan dimulai dari pengumpulan ide (Idea), memetakan pokok  pikiran (Mind mapping), membuat draft tulisan (Drafting), melakukan aksi menulis (Action), dan membaca kembali, dan menyempurnakan setelah semua selesai ditulis (Read and edit).
Analisis Keusangan Literatur dan Tingkat Produktivitas Pengarang Dengan Hukum Lotka Pada Jurnal Subjek Komunikasi Periode Tahun 2015-2019
Authors: Rodin Rhoni , Martina Anna
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keusangan literatur dan tingkat produktivitas pengarang pada artikel jurnal komunikasi periode tahun 2015-2019 dan bisa dijadikan acuan dalam kegiatan penyiangan suatu dokumen dan mengetahui produktivitas kepengarangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa keusangan literatur terendah yaitu jurnal komunikasi pada tahun 2016 dan tingkat produktivitas pengarang pada jurnal komunikasi yaitu Hadi Purnama dan Dian Purworini, nama-nama pengarang yang sering disitir yaitu Sreedhar Madhavaram, Vishag Badrinarayanan dan Robert McDonald, kajian bibliometrika dengan menggunakan Hukum Lotka dan hasil dari analisis data penelitian ini memiliki nilai eksponen sebesar 0,9607 atau 96,07% yang menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak artikel yang ditulis, semakin sedikit pengarang yang menulisnya.
Profesionalisme Pustakawan Dalam Kajian Al-Qur’an (Telaah Terhadap Surat Al-An’am Ayat 235 dan Surat Al-Isra Ayat 84)
Authors: Syawqi Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi adanya opini yang selama ini memandang rendah terhadap profesi seorang pustakawan yang kadang dipandang sebelah mata,  dikenal hanya sebagai tukang jaga buku dan pekerjaannya sangat santai sehingga tidak terlalu penting bagi sebagian orang. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang membahas secara khusus tentang profesionalisme pustakawan dalam surat al-An’am ayat 235 dan surat al-Isra ayat 84. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan teknik library research yang diuraikan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengkaji berbagai penafsiran dalam al-Qur’an terkait tentang profesionalisme pustakawan. Hasil kajian dalam al-Qur’an disebutkan bahwa sikap seorang pustakawan yang profesional adalah memiliki kemampuan dalam melaksanakan segala tugas yang diembannya. Jika menempatkan seorang pustakawan dalam melakukan pekerjaannya harus memiliki kemampuan yang memadai dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya, sehingga profesi yang diembannya bisa dijalankan dengan baik. Agar tidak terjadi penyimpangan dalam menjalankan fungsi profesional pustakawan, al-Qur’an mengingatkan dengan isyarat kepada manusia agar tidak mengambil jalan pintas dengan memperlakukan orang lain untuk bekerja di luar kemampuan yang dimiliki, karena Allah SWT tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya. Sikap profesionalisme pustakawan lainnya adalah bahwa dalam menjalankan segala pekerjaaan harus sesuai dengan petunjuk Allah dan menghindari kesesatan serta dikerjakan dengan jiwa yang bersih atau ikhlas sehingga menghasilkan pekerjaan yang berkualitas dan mampu mengangkat citra positif pustakawan sebagai profesi yang sangat mulia dan bisa dibanggakan dalam Islam. Simpulannya adalah al-Qur’an sebagai petunjuk bagi manusia memberikan panduan yang sempurna terhadap profesi pustakawan harus dijalankan secara profesional dengan jiwa yang  ikhlas sehingga citra positif pustakawan sebagai profesi yang sangat mulia dan bisa dibanggakan dalam Islam
Dual-energy spectral CT for the evaluation of cancellous bone metastasis treated by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
Authors: Hama Yukihiro , Tate Etsuko
Published: October 2023

Background and aim

Calcium-suppressed imaging with dual-energy CT can visualize subtle cellular changes in the bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application value of calcium-suppressed images in the evaluation of cancellous bone metastasis treated by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR).

Patients and methods

Dual-energy CT was performed before and after SABR in 10 patients with cancellous bone metastasis from breast cancer. Signal intensities of cancellous bone metastases to skeletal muscle were compared using calcium-suppressed images.

Results

The relative signal intensity of cancellous bone metastasis before SABR was 0.99 ± 0.02, while after SABR it was 0.95 ± 0.06 (P < 0.05). Visual assessment of the signal intensity of cancellous bone metastases showed a decrease in signal intensity in all cases.

Conclusions

Calcium-suppressed imaging with dual-energy CT may be able to evaluate cancellous bone metastases treated by SABR.
THE BRITISH COLONIAL POWER IN GEORGE ORWELL’S BURMESE DAYS
Authors: Zulkarnaen Ryan , Ruminda Ruminda , Awaludin Lili
Published: October 2023

This study tried to discover British colonial power in George Orwell’s Burmese Days. Gramsci's hegemony theory regarding to a concept of an integral state was applied. A qualitative descriptive method was used in the study. Data in the study were dialogues and narratives from historical contacts between British and Burmese regarding the British colonial regime. The data consisted intrinsic element of theme, and 2 extrinsic elements of political society and civil society. Both elements were structure in literary works, and represent the British colonial power in George Orwell’s Burmese Days. A theme of colonial was found among the element of fiction. There were extrinsic elements such as political society and civil society. The study concluded that the intrinsic elements forming a story that could representative how the British colonial power appeared on theme. The relationship of both elements form totality of meaning and integrity that how the British colonial power operations in George Orwell’ Burmese Days.  Keywords: colonialism, hegemony, integral state, orientalism
Figurative Narratives of Environmental Security
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Skrynnikova Inna , Astafurova Tatiana ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2023

The current paper presents a comprehensive overview of numerous, frequently divergent, views of the concept of environmental security and stresses the resulting ambiguity in its interpretations across various types of discourse. This calls for the need to provide an overarching explanation of what environmental security is to be able to tackle environmental issues in the years to come. Given the complexity and the abstract nature of the term, it is the effective use of language resources that can be helpful in making sense of the environmental security and relevant mechanisms to ensure it. The paper argues that figurative language serves as a pervasive cognitive mechanism in interpreting and foregrounding the major aspects of sustainable "communication" with and about the environment. The focal point of the paper is the authors' urge to search for an apt metaphorical narrative encompassing various aspects of environmental security as a single metaphor is hardly able to cover a myriad of interdependent relations in the course of human-nature interaction. The analysis of the recurring discursive metaphors (military, medical, care) to refer to environmental security has revealed their downsides in promoting an adequate view of the current threats and, thus, the lack of public awareness of the emergency actions to save the planet.
Style as a Relational Polyvalent Category
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Goncharova Evgenia
Published: October 2023

The modern theory of style requires clarification of some aspects of this multifaceted phenomenon, because of its absolute anthropocentric and functional nature, as well as the resultant immanent connection of style not only with linguistic elements but also with extralinguistic factors. The study shows that such clarifications are largely related to style characteristics, such as relationality, which is the explicit expression of the relationship between the language and the person using it in specific types of speech activities and communications in the style and through it, polyvalence or the ability to express not one, but a whole bunch of correlative ties between language units and non-language phenomena, alternativity, which means an implication of the will expression of a linguistic persona in the style category. This will expression is aimed at consciously choosing from two or more options available to the linguistic persona based on the resources of the appropriate language and language experience to utter the desired message. As a modus of formulating a specific functional-conceptual whole realized through the interconnected set of features of a systemic-structural formation that can be distinguished and interpreted, style is a crucial parameter of utterance, text and discourse. Being the specific functional-conceptual whole formulation modus, it is realized through the interconnected set of features of a systemic-structural formation that can be distinguished and interpreted. Recognition of stylistic information contained in the holistic statements formulation modus optimizes the successful course of speech communication.
Methods for Estimating the Language Conflict Potential
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bitkeeva Aysa , Kirilenko Svetlana ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the issues of language conflict and the capacity to estimate the conflict potential of the language situation in multilingual communities. The prerequisites and causes for the emergence of language conflicts in language communities, as well as the incentives and triggers that provoke their occurrence are investigated. The research highlights applicability of current approaches to a conflict study developed in the frameworks of social sciences for language conflict potential identification. The methodology for measuring the conflict potential of the language community is described as conducting surveys with respondents, further assessment of existing threats to the linguistic situation stability, and evaluation of speakers' satisfaction. The efficiency of adopted procedures application is proved, their predictive potential is revealed. The method for assessing tensions in a language community is considered in the context of a threat to the identity of a language group, and the results of the practical application of this technique are based on a field study conducted in the Republic of Dagestan. The effectiveness of conflict potential studying method as a combination of realistic and symbolic threats and inter-group anxiety is confirmed on the material of respondents' questionnaire surveys and interviews with experts conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan. The assessment of tension in the language community, based on scaling technique that provides possibility for identifying four stages in the development of a language conflict, was carried out on the data obtained with the survey of residents of the Republic of Kalmykia.
Lexicon of Dialect Speakers in the Ethnolinguistic Aspect: Problems, Methods, Research Objectives
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Tupikova Nataliya , Starodubtseva Natalya ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2023

The paper presents a comprehensive approach analysis on the lexicon of dialect speakers, chosen for the purpose of ethnolinguistic study of this research object. Attaining the objectives set contributes to the consideration of the problems relevant to the modern paradigm of scientific knowledge. Following the established methodological principles of linguistic units interpretation and using the recordings of the Don and Ukrainian dialects speakers as research material, the authors present a multilevel classification of a vast array of facts registered while surveying the informants in the residential areas with mixed population in the Volgograd region. The methods of differentiation of the vocabulary with an explicitly or implicitly expressed ethnocomponent of meaning are proposed, the means of linguistic continuum segmentation are determined. It is noted to reflect indirectly the realia, phenomena, processes and signs characteristic of traditional material and spiritual folk culture. The methodological system of dialectological, functional-and-semantic, and ethnolinguistic analysis of lexical units is introduced. It allows to present the person's ethnic identification means in the speech of Russian and Ukrainian speakers, taking into account the content-and-semantic principle of detailing information in the text (within the framework of themes and microthemes) and the semantic-and-categorial method of ethnocultural meanings verbalization in the context (within situations and microsituations). The fundamentals of the field modelling technique embracing a vast array of facts are characterised, their application enables presenting lexicon of dialect speakers as the hierarchical structure, and the ethnolinguistic significance of its individual segments and their components identification is discovered.
Lexicographic Description of Pragmatemes in Bilingual Phrasebooks
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kayumova Albina
Published: October 2023

The article focuses on the analysis of lexicographic description of pragmatemes (pragmatically constrained phrasemes). 609 pragmatemes were selected employing a continuous sampling method from four English-Russian and Russian-English electronic phrasebooks. The results of the quantitative analysis show that on average pragmatemes comprise no more than 20% of the total number of the units listed in the phrasebooks; they are most commonly found in sections with basic expressions (e.g. greetings, goodbyes, and apologies). It has been revealed that the structure of a dictionary entry, which contains a pragmateme is characterized by uniformity, since in most cases it includes three components: a lemma, translation and practical transcription (or audio recording). Additional information about the lemma is sparse and disordered. It is concluded that the Russian-English and English-Russian phrasebooks available on the Internet do not provide information necessary for the adequate use and correct understanding of pragmatemes. This finding indicates the need to create a high-quality English-Russian and/or Russian-English dictionary of pragmatemes. The parameters of the potential dictionary of pragmatemes are suggested taking into account speech specifics of these units. The results of the research and speech material may be useful for linguists, lexicographers, translators and teachers of foreign languages interested in mono- or interdisciplinary studies of pragmatemes.