bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the interaction of politics and religion in modern Russian society
Authors: Filina Nina Vladimirovna
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the interaction of politics and religion in modern Russian society. The object of the study is the socio-political life of modern society, religion and politics. The author managed to analyze Internet sites on the issue of autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. In his arguments and conclusions, the author relies on the opinions of leading scientists, statistical data of Rosstat and official reports of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the main forms, mechanisms, and features of interaction between politics and religion. To study the issues of interaction between politics and religion, the method of system analysis was used, which allowed to study the main directions and forms of activity of religion in the political sphere; The author managed to highlight the peculiarities of the interaction of politics and religion. Scope of application of the research results: the data can be used in the work of state authorities and local self-government, as well as the information will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in religion and politics. Novelty - the key principles and functions of interaction between politics and religion are revealed.
Digitalization of the technology policy of joint management: the case of the platform "Public Services. We decide together"
Authors: Negulyaev Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: August 2022

The article examines the theoretical models of technopolitics in the context of public administration. The focus of the article is on technopolitical models that act as means of implementing the practices of civic participation and joint management. The network principle of designing theoretical models of joint management is reflected. The analysis of theories of joint management in public policy and methods of coordination interaction is carried out. The model of "patisipatory manageability" as a state policy operating in conditions of uncertainty and complication of social transformations is considered separately. The approach to technopolitics as a tool for human empowerment is revealed. The specific mechanisms of civic participation embedded in the technical functionality of the Internet feedback platform "Public Services. We decide together." The main conclusions of the study: the scientific definition of the concept of "technopolitics" in modern political science is given, the problem of ambiguity of its understanding is also reflected. The place of technopolitics in the system of public administration is determined and opportunities for civil cooperation are taken into account. The analysis of the theories of joint management in public policy and the methods of coordination interaction, such as "governance", "democratization regulating management", "management based on cooperation", "joint management", "management through community participation", "community involving government", "integrated public management", "participatory manageability". The main models of technopoly are considered in the context of the resource approach and the network phenomenon associated with power and management. The technology of increasing state manageability is revealed on the example of the feedback platform "Public Services. We decide together."
Current trends in the study of the socio-psychological climate of the organization
Authors: Lukasheva Ksenia Alekseevna
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study is the main directions of studying the socio-psychological climate of the organization. The purpose of the study is to analyze the articles of modern scientists, as well as to identify the main current trends in modern domestic research on the socio-psychological and organizational climate. The results of research conducted in various work collectives are analyzed: in commercial and state organizations, educational institutions, internal affairs bodies, industrial enterprises, etc. Comparative analysis, systematization and classification of the received information is carried out. Special attention is paid to the relationship of a favorable climate with the efficiency and productivity of organizations, as well as factors for optimizing the socio-psychological climate. The results of more than twenty modern studies over the past three years have been analyzed. According to the results of the work, five relevant directions and trends in the study of the socio-psychological climate and the phenomena associated with it were identified: the study of the socio-psychological climate as a factor affecting the effectiveness of the organization; the study of the factors of optimization, improvement and management of the socio-psychological climate; the study of the relationship of the socio-psychological climate with organizational culture; the assessment of the influence of the influence of leadership qualities and management style on the socio-psychological climate of the organization; the study of the relationship of the socio-psychological climate with the characteristics of the behavior of employees in conflict.
Experience of rational understanding of life and death (biological and social plans of evolutionary development)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: August 2022

The article proposes to consider the phenomena of life and death within the framework of philosophical and scientific discourse. The author does not aim to explain the origin of life, he seeks to conceive of life and death on the basis of the methodology developed by him and the research conducted. The main way of understanding these phenomena is the hypothesis about the nature of the mechanism of life (the assumption of a "vital organization" responsible for activity and other life reactions is introduced), as well as cultural–historical and semiotic analysis of the evolution of life. In evolution, the author distinguishes three main stages: the formation of life, biological evolution and the evolution of social life. An important role in the latter is assigned, on the one hand, to the use of signs denoting not observable realities, but necessary for the management of the "primary team", on the other hand, technology. The technique performed two main functions: it expanded the capabilities of hominids in terms of creating the right environment (fire, tools, clothing, housing, etc.) and confirmed the use of signs, since it created a reality corresponding to their meanings. In social life, as well as in biological, two spheres need to be distinguished in the vital organization: one belongs to individuals (psyche, activity, corporeality, etc.), and the other, actually social (culture, sociality with its institutions, communication, collectives that include individuals), encompassing, without which the first cannot exist and function. Having asked the provisions indicated here, the author characterizes what death is and considers the cognitive dissonance that occurs when we try to rationally think about these phenomena.
The role of the "plum blossom" in the development of traditional landscape painting in China
Authors: Lu Sa
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the works of Chinese artists of various historical eras who used a stylistic and thematic direction with the image of a plum blossom. The artists' appeal to images of nature to convey feelings and experiences contributed to the emergence of this image and its formation as a symbol of steadfastness and inflexibility of character. Thus, the subject of the proposed study is Chinese painting, the object is the formation of such a common motif as a plum blossom. The purpose of this publication is to determine the main types of images of this image in Chinese traditional painting in the time interval from the VI century to the end of the XIV century — the most fruitful period of its formation and development. Plum blossom is of greater importance in the development of traditional landscape painting in China. For almost a millennium, the interpretation, compositional solution, as well as the technique of depicting this image have changed. The author's contribution to the development of the problem is a comprehensive analysis of images of plum blossoms in landscape paintings by Chinese artists of various historical eras, as well as the characteristics of the process of evolution and the features of the embodiment of this image. The paper traces the origins of this plot in the art works of Chinese artists, analyzes the processes of change and development of images, and characterizes the specifics of its external expression and internal content.
Coracoid Process of Scapula: Morphometric Analysis in South Indian Population
Authors: Raviprasanna KH , Chaitra BR , Benjamin W , Mangasuli Vijayalaxmi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Shoulder pain in subcoracoid impingement syndrome was due to intrusion of rotator cuff tendons in the coracohumeral space. One of the predisposing factors for subcoracoid impingement syndrome was limited subcoracoid space which causes impingement of lesser tubercle of humerus against the coracoid process to produce pain in the anterior region of shoulder. Coracoid process was also used as graft in Latarjet operation done to treat glenohumeral instability. So, understanding the morphometry of coracoid process is very important for orthopaedic surgeons for various surgical procedures. Aim: To analyse the morphometry of coracoid process, coracoglenoid distance and shape of coracoglenoid space among South Indian population. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done between March 2018 to September 2018 on 100 dried human scapulae obtained from the bone bank of Department of Anatomy of Private Medical Colleges in South India. Maximum length, breadth, thickness, height of coracoid process, coracoglenoid distance and maximum width of glenoid cavity were measured in millimetres (mm) using digital vernier callipers with the precision of 0.01 mm. Results: Total of 100 dried human scapulae (51 of right side, 49 of left side) were studied and analysed. The average length of coracoid process was 39.47±3.29 mm. The average breadth of coracoid process was 13.91±1.36 mm. The mean thickness of coracoid process was 8.24±1.003 mm. The mean coracoglenoid distance was 27.19±2.42 mm. Breadth of coracoid represents 57.92% of Glenoid width and thickness of coracoid represents 34.27% of Glenoid width. Most common variety of coracoglenoid space found in our study was round bracket shape which was in 51% of scapulae, followed by square bracket shaped in 30% and fish hooked shaped in 19% of scapulae. Conclusion: Morphometry of coracoid process will be taken into account while treating patients with subcoracoid impingement syndrome. Thickness of coracoid process was always smaller than the breadth of coracoid. Hence, the breadth was taken into account when coracoid process was used as a graft to reconstruct glenoid bone loss in recurrent shoulder dislocation.
Morphometry of Mitral Valve Leaflet for Reconstructive Surgery in Human Cadaveric Hearts of South Indian Population
Authors: Savalgi Geethanjali , Jayanthi V , Shruthi JP , Kumar H Mohan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The pumping capacity of heart is affected by disorders involving the valves of the heart. The mitral valve in human cadaveric heart comprises of annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae and papillary muscle. Aim: To find morphometric analysis of normal mitral valve leaflets in the cadaveric hearts for the conservative surgical techniques. Materials and Methods: The morphometric observational analysis was done on 50 heart of embalmed adult human cadaver of both sexes (28 males, 22 females) age between 20-60 years which were taken from the Department of Anatomy during 2016-2018 in Vydehi Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Parameters measured were length and breadth of anterior and posterior leaflet, length of anterior and posterior commissure, and length of free edge of both leaflets of mitral valve. Descriptive statistical analysis was done and Mean±SD (Standard Deviation) (Min-Max) and percentage of parameters was calculated by using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Results: The mean length of anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets was 1.99±0.35 cm and 1.25±0.22 cm, respectively, breadth of anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets was 2.84±0.47 cm and 4.00±0.53 cm. The length of anterior leaflet was more than posterior leaflet. Breadth of posterior leaflet was more than anterior leaflets. Length of anterior commissure (0.65±0.11 cm) was more than posterior commissure (0.64±0.08 cm) in males. Conclusion: On the basis of the findings of the present study, the morphometric parameters of mitral valve leaflet was important for cardiac Surgeons during operation to assess the exact mechanical reason for valve insufficiency and in manufacture of prosthesis for mitral valve replacement.
Assessment of Changes in Birefringence and Orientation of Collagen Fibres in Different Grades of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Picrosirius Red and Polarising Microscopy
Authors: Prabhakar Ashwini Chikkanayakanahalli
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disease with a prevalence of 7-13%. It is characterised by the fibroelastic changes due to excessive deposition of collagen which results in dense fibrous bands and epithelial changes. About 90-95% of oral cancers are Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Stroma produced by the invading neoplastic cells are rich in collagen fibres. These collagen fibers have been the main focus of study to understand the pathogenesis of these lesions. Hence, these fibres have been evaluated under polarised microscopy following staining with Picrosirius red stain. Aim: To evaluate changes in birefringence, thickness and orientation of collagen fibres in different histopathological stages of OSMF and OSCC. Materials and Methods: This observational study involved sections of clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC and OSMF from Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. The study was conducted for a duration of one year from April 2017 to March 2018. The study included total 60 cases among which 20 for each-normal mucosa, OSCC and OSMF. Tissue sections were stained with Picrosirius red stain and collagen fibres were analysed for colour, thickness and orientation under polarised microscope. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: Comparison of birefringence of collagen fibres between OSMF, OSCC and normal mucosa was not statistically significant (p-value=0.37). Orientation of collagen fibres between OSMF, OSCC and normal mucosa was statistically significant with (p-value=0.02). Conclusion: This study showed a change in colour from yellow orange to orange red in advanced OSMF cases which indicated progression of disease and tightly packing of collagen fibres, suggestive of presence of thick fibres in the extracellular matrix. In OSCC, the colour change from yellow orange to orange red and haphazardly arranged collagen fibres was indicative of transformation of preneoplastic to carcinoma stage.
Recurrent Hypokalaemic Paresis in Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Raveekumaran Vignessh , Sanikommu Dhruvi Reddy , . Sivashankar
Published: August 2022

Hypokalaemia has a wide scale of causes. The most common ones include potassium loss from urinary tract, gastrointestinal system and loss through sweating. This is report is about a young 24-year-old Indian female who presented with sudden onset weakness of all four limbs which was found to be secondary to hypokalaemia. Refractory hypokalaemia and severe metabolic acidosis in this patient led to further work-up, which revealed positive Anti-SSA (anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies), AntiSSB Anti-Sjögren’s syndrome type B and Anti-snRNP (Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), strongly suggestive of secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Renal involvement with distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) causing hypokalaemia is seen in 10% of cases with Sjögren’s syndrome. Thus, this report highlights the unusual initial presentation of hypokalaemic paresis in a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome, and to emphasise that an autoimmune disorder should be considered in such presentations.
Six Sigma Metrics: An Evolving Indicator of Quality Assurance for Clinical Biochemistry
Authors: Pradhan Devi Prasad , Pandit Debasish , Sahoo Sibasish , Rattan Roma , Mohanty Sucharita
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The analytical phase of the total testing process is the one in which the clinical biochemist can directly intervene to improve the quality of tests reporting. The sigma metrics and Operational Process Specification (OPSpec) chart can specify to which category the laboratory belongs. Aim: To apply sigma metrics to analytical process of testing, do the root cause analysis and apply the corrective measures according to Westgard Rules to improve laboratory performance towards the quality assurances. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective study carried out in a clinical laboratory of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India, from July 2020 to March 2021. A retrospective secondary data analysis of six months duration was carried out in a clinical chemistry laboratory with a follow-up prospective study for three months. During this period, 16 analytes were tabulated to analyse the Internal Quality Control (IQC). External Quality Control (EQC) for the same analytes were obtained on monthly basis and the sigma metrics was calculated for each analytes. For analytes with sigma value <3, appropriate measures were taken according to Westgard rules to improvise the quality of laboratory investigations. The statistical analysis of sigma metrics was performed in “R” v-3.6.3. Results: Out of total 16 analytes, three analytes at level 1 and two analytes at level 2 Quality control (QC) showed a world class performance whereas four analytes showed a poor performance at both the QC levels with sigma metrics value <3. From Quality Goal Index (QGI) and root cause analysis, the source of error was detected and corrected. Conclusion: The inaccuracy and imprecision of different parameters in the analytical phase of the testing process can be addressed by calculating the sigma metrics and do the root cause analysis. Application of corrective measures according to Westgard rule can improve the laboratory performance towards the quality assurance.
Perancangan Card Game “Happy Teeth” sebagai Media Edukasi Menjaga Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut
Authors: Wicaksono Julius Christian , Prasida T. Arie Setiawan , Prestiliano Jasson
Published: August 2022

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut sangat berpengaruh bagi kehidupan anak. Di Indonesia, masih banyak anak yang merasakan sakit gigi dari sedang hingga berat dan bisa menyebabkan anak mengalami kesulitan di sekolah dalam hal prestasi maupun bersosialisasi. Penyuluhan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut sudah dilakukan ke sekolah dasar, tetapi kurang efektif karena dilakukan di jangka waktu yang tidak tetap, sehingga sulit membentuk kebiasaan pada anak. Untuk membangun perhatian dan kebiasaan pada anak, harus ada media yang menarik dan interaktif untuk membantu anak dalam belajar menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang permainan kartu atau card game “Happy Teeth” sebagai media edukasi untuk anak tentang menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Metode deskriptif, pendekatan kualitatif, dan strategi linear digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa anak, dalam hal ini siswa sekolah dasar, mampu memahami tentang hal yang bisa di lakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya setelah memainkan card game “Happy Teeth”.
Perancangan Komik “Bayu Samudera” sebagai Media Promosi Potensi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Karimunjawa
Authors: Isnanta Satriana Didiek , Wita Afri , Apip Apip
Published: August 2022

Kepulauan Karimunjawa terdiri dari 27 pulau yang secara administratif terletak di Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Karimunjawa mempunyai potensi alam yang luar biasa, pantai pasir putih dengan ombak lautnya yang landai serta keindahan karang laut beserta habitat yang ada di dalamnya membuatnya memjadi surga bagi pecinta snorkeling dan diving. Selain alam bawah lautnya yang indah, Karimunjawa juga memiliki potensi lainnya seperti makam Sunan Nyamplungan, hutan bakau, dan kayu khas Karimunjawa, yaitu Dewandaru. Selain itu, ada juga produk UMKM yang berkembang, tetapi sayang semuanya kalah oleh potensi alam bawah lautnya. Oleh karena itu, penting kiranya membuat media promosi kreatif yang menginformasikan potensi tersebut, yaitu melalui komik bahari berjudul “Bayu Samudera”. Metode perancangan yang dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat dekriptif dalam menganalisis sebuah peristiwa, aktivitas dan objek. Analisis yang digunakan adalah sintesis analisis, yang hasilnya sebagai dasar perancangan komik “Bayu Samudera”. Hasil dari perancangan komik ini adalah komik cetak maupun digital yang bertujuan untuk mempromosikan potensi produk UMKM di Karimunjawa.
BASES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS NA FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA
Authors: Araújo Eduardo Oliveira Henriques de
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo explora a percepção discente acerca das epistemologias experienciadas nos cursos de graduação em Licenciatura em Geografia, em Bacharelado, em Ciências Contábeis e em Licenciatura em Letras, da UFPE. Com o intuito de acessar o universo epistemológico acionado pela docência à apreensão pelo alunado, aplicou-se um questionário on-line com vista a compreender a natureza dessas matrizes de saber, sob o desígnio final de verificar se há uma harmonização entre os espaços dados às autorias historicamente subalternizadas na mesma medida em que se explora o referencial hegemônico de base eurocêntrica. Por conseguinte, apurou-se a vigência de uma perspectiva verticalizadora, cartesiano-positivista, eurocêntrico-colonialista no tocante às bases epistemológicas levadas como referencial bibliográfico às aulas, haja vista a primazia de autorias componentes dos referentes de norte, em detrimento às do sul colonizado. Portanto, com base no alicerce teórico de Soares (2001) e Ribeiro (1993), quanto à educação, de Henriques (2021, 2019) alusivo à educação crítica, e de Assupção (2004) e Fávero (2006), para o debate entre as epistemologias do norte e do sul no cenário acadêmico, discutir-se-á o papel da educação superior na formação inclusiva de cidadãos e de profissionais nas sociedades sul-americanas.
MULHERES DO XIX EM TRÊS PEÇAS TEATRAIS
Authors: Padro Kelvin
Published: August 2022

Este texto tem por objetivo observar as características como as similaridades e as dessemelhanças de três mulheres protagonistas em três peças do século XIX, são elas: “A Dama das Camélias” (1848), de Alexandre Dumas filho, “Casa de Bonecas” (1879), de Henrik Ibsen, e “Senhorita Julia” (1888), de August Strindberg. É importante notar que são peças de homens que abordam a mulher em um mesmo século, em especificidades não só de gênero, mas também de sexualidade, de classe, de profissão e de origem. Nesse sentido, é feita uma visualização comparativa entre as personagens: Marguerite, Nora e Julia, pensando-as em uma ótica de cunho dialógico que revelam traços comuns e distintos. Em tal propósito, é visionado o contexto histórico de tais abordagens, coadunados com as dissensos e consensos conjunturais. Nota-se como abordagens que retratem a mulher em um mesmo século permitem visualizar o imaginário social estabelecido acerca dos supostos papéis sociais femininos na sociedade burguesa de então.
LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO NA AULA DE ESPANHOL COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Paula Vanderlei Andrade de
Published: August 2022

A trajetória do ensino de Espanhol como língua estrangeira (E/LE) na educação básica é marcada por discussões que vão desde questões relacionadas à oferta e à obrigatoriedade da disciplina a questões de práticas de ensino propriamente. Neste artigo, objetivamos debater o ensino de E/LE, enfocando, mais precisamente, o lugar do texto literário na aula de Espanhol, analisando-o sob a perspectiva do letramento literário (PAULINO & COSSON, 2009). Para alcançar tais objetivos, abordamos o cenário do ensino de E/LE no Brasil. Em seguida, explicitamos os diferentes posicionamentos acerca do letramento literário. Por fim, propomos a análise de um dos volumes da Coleção de livros didáticos intitulada Confluencia¸ utilizados na educação básica. Assim, pretendemos esboçar possíveis respostas às seguintes perguntas: i) De que forma é abordado o texto literário ao longo do material didático?; ii) Qual é o espaço reservado à literatura?; iii) Como o texto literário se articula com a forma que o livro está organizado? Em nossos resultados preliminares, vimos que embora haja espaço para o texto literário no material didático, as atividades relacionadas a esses textos nem sempre contemplam uma proposta de letramento literário em E/LE.
BANALIZAÇÃO DA CULTURA NEGRA E AS DIMENSÕES EUFÊMICAS DO RACISMO
Authors: Cerqueira Iara Gonçalves , FERNANDES MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO LIMA
Published: August 2022

A cultura assume diversas facetas no decurso do tempo e de acordo com o contexto em que é estruturada, gerando pluralidade das identidades. Ocorre que, por vezes a cultura é reformulada ou apropriada, sem observância do contexto social, étnico e político nela inserto, o que impossibilita a coesão social e rivaliza culturas. Nesse viés, por meio deste artigo são desenvolvidas algumas considerações acerca da relação entre cultura e religião, inclusive a expressividade da religião por meio da moda, com ênfase na questão da apropriação cultural e racismo recreativo no Brasil. Para tanto, analisado o material midiático produzido por concorrente do concurso Miss Brasil Globo 2021, no qual a Miss Bahia Globo Internacional 2020/2021 utiliza indumentária religiosa, percussão e movimentos artísticos que remetem a religião de matriz africana, questionando-se se a prática configura racismo recreativo. Para elaboração do artigo, foi adotado o método dedutivo, com ênfase no levantamento bibliográfico e análise de conteúdo audiovisual.
Fully automated breast segmentation on spiral breast computed tomography images
Authors: Shim Sojin , Cester Davide , Ruby Lisa , Bluethgen Christian , Marcon Magda , Berger Nicole , Unkelbach Jan , Boss Andreas
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The quantification of the amount of the glandular tissue and breast density is important to assess breast cancer risk. Novel photon‐counting breast computed tomography (CT) technology has the potential to quantify them. For accurate analysis, a dedicated method to segment the breast components—the adipose and glandular tissue, skin, pectoralis muscle, skinfold section, rib, and implant—is required. We propose a fully automated breast segmentation method for breast CT images.

Methods

The framework consists of four parts: (1) investigate, (2) segment the components excluding adipose and glandular tissue, (3) assess the breast density, and (4) iteratively segment the glandular tissue according to the estimated density. For the method, adapted seeded watershed and region growing algorithm were dedicatedly developed for the breast CT images and optimized on 68 breast images. The segmentation performance was qualitatively (five‐point Likert scale) and quantitatively (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC] and difference coefficient [DC]) demonstrated according to human reading by experienced radiologists.

Results

The performance evaluation on each component and overall segmentation for 17 breast CT images resulted in DSCs ranging 0.90–0.97 and in DCs 0.01–0.08. The readers rated 4.5–4.8 (5 highest score) with an excellent inter‐reader agreement. The breast density varied by 3.7%–7.1% when including mis‐segmented muscle or skin.

Conclusion

The automatic segmentation results coincided with the human expert's reading. The accurate segmentation is important to avoid the significant bias in breast density analysis. Our method enables accurate quantification of the breast density and amount of the glandular tissue that is directly related to breast cancer risk.
Investigating the lesion detectability of Tc‐99m planar scintigraphy acquired with LEHRS collimator for patients with different body sizes: A phantom study
Authors: Lin Pei‐Yao , Jhan Kai‐Jie , Ko Kuan‐Yin , Yang Ching‐Ching
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this work was to investigate the lesion detectability of Tc‐99m planar scintigraphy acquired with a low‐energy high‐resolution and sensitivity (LEHRS) collimator and processed by Clarity 2D for patients with different body sizes through phantom study.

Methods

A NEMA IEC body phantom set was covered by two layers of 25‐mm‐thick bolus to construct phantom in three different sizes. All image data were performed on a Discovery NM/CT 870 DR with an LEHRS collimator and processed by Clarity 2D with blend ratio a of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The lesion detectability in gamma scintigraphy was evaluated by calculating the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). Multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the impact of body size, target size, and Clarity 2D blending weight on the lesion detectability of Tc‐99m planar scintigraphy.

Results

It was found that changing the blend ratio could improve CNR, and this phenomenon was more significant in anterior view than in posterior view. Our results also suggested that the blend ratio should be selected according to patient body size in order to maintain consistent CNR. Hence, when a blend ratio of 60% was used for a patient before cancer treatment, a lower blend ratio should be used for the same patient experiencing treatment‐related weight loss to achieve consistent lesion detectability in Tc‐99m planar scintigraphy acquired with LEHRS and processed by Clarity 2D.

Conclusion

The magnitude of photon attenuation and scattering is higher in patients with larger body size, so Tc‐99m planar scintigraphy usually has lower lesion detectability in obese patients. Although photon attenuation and scattering are inevitable during image formation, their impacts on image quality can be eased by employing appropriate image protocol parameters.
Cutaneous amyloid is a biomarker in early ATTRv neuropathy and progresses across disease stages
Authors: Freeman Roy , Gonzalez‐Duarte Alejandra , Barroso Fabio , Campagnolo Marta , Rajan Sharika , Garcia Jennifer , Kim Jee Young , Wang Ningshan , Orellana Lucas , Gibbons Christopher
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of cutaneous amyloid deposition in relation to patient‐reported measures in the earliest disease stage of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis (ATTRv).

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, we analyzed 88 individuals with TTR mutations, 47 of whom were in the earliest disease stage and without clinically evident neuropathy, 12 healthy controls, and 13 disease controls with diabetes. All participants' neuropathy symptoms and signs were assessed using validated patient and clinician‐reported measures and 3‐mm skin punch biopsies were immunostained using protein gene product 9.5 and Congo Red.

Results

Amyloid can be detected in the earliest disease stages in up to 86% of patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. Amyloid was not detected in healthy individuals or individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy supporting a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. The cutaneous deposition of amyloid correlates with neuropathy sensory symptoms, measured with the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score‐6 (R = 0.46, p < 0.01); pain measured with the Brief Pain Symptom Inventory (R = 0.44, p < 0.05); autonomic symptoms, measured with the Boston Autonomic Symptom Questionnaire (R = 0.38, p < 0.05); and quality of life measured with the Norfolk Diabetic Neuropathy Quality of Life Questionnaire (R = 0.44, p < 0.05). Individuals with amyloid deposition were more likely to have sensory symptoms, pain, autonomic impairment, and reduced quality of life than ATTRv patients without amyloid deposition.

Interpretation

These findings have implications for understanding the earliest manifestations of the clinical phenotype of ATTRv‐associated neuropathy, for the pathophysiological construct of disease staging, and for timing the introduction of disease‐modifying therapy.
Sponge‐Like Macroporous Hydrogel with Antibacterial and ROS Scavenging Capabilities for Diabetic Wound Regeneration
Authors: Wei Cheng , Tang Pengfei , Tang Youhong , Liu Laibao , Lu Xiong , Yang Kun , Wang Qingyuan , Feng Wei , Shubhra Quazi T. H. , Wang Zhenming , Zhang Hongping
Published: August 2022

Hydrogels with soft and wet properties have been intensively investigated for chronic disease tissue repair. Nevertheless, tissue engineering hydrogels containing high water content are often simultaneously suffered from low porous size and low water‐resistant capacities, leading to undesirable surgery outcomes. Here, a novel sponge‐like macro‐porous hydrogel (SM‐hydrogel) with stable macro‐porous structures and anti‐swelling performances is developed via a facile, fast yet robust approach induced by Ti3C2 MXene additives. The MXene‐induced SM‐hydrogels (80% water content) with 200–300 µm open macropores, demonstrating ideal mass/nutrient infiltration capability at ≈20‐fold higher water/blood‐transport velocity over that of the nonporous hydrogels. Moreover, the highly strong interactions between MXene and polymer chains endow the SM‐hydrogels with excellent anti‐swelling capability, promising equilibrium SM‐hydrogels with identical macro‐porous structures and toughened mechanical performances. The SM‐hydrogel with versatile functions such as facilitating mass transport, antibacterial (bacterial viability in (Acrylic acid‐co‐Methacrylamide dopamine) copolymer‐Ti3C2 MXene below 25%), and reactive oxygen species scavenging capacities (96% scavenging ratio at 120 min) synergistically promotes diabetic wound healing (compared with non‐porous hydrogels the wound closure rate increased from 39% to 81% within 7 days). Therefore, the durable SM‐hydrogels exhibit connective macro‐porous structures and bears versatile functions induced by MXene, demonstrating its great potential for wound tissue engineering.
Monoporous Microsphere as a Dynamically Movable Drug Carrier for Osteoporotic Bone Remodeling
Authors: Li Yawu , Zha Yao , Hu Weikang , Chen Jia , Liu Shuaibing , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Jianglin
Published: August 2022

To repair systematically osteoporotic bone defects, it is important to make an effort to both diminish osteoporosis and enhance bone regeneration. Herein, a specifically monoporous microsphere (MPM) carrier encapsulating dosage‐sensitive and short half‐time parathyroid hormone (PTH) is constructed to tackle the issue. Compared with conventional microsphere carriers involving compact, porous, and mesoporous microspheres, the MPM is desirable to achieve precisely in situ delivery and to minimize topical accumulation. The findings show that the PTH loaded inside MPMs can be gradually released from the single hole of MPMs to improve the initial drug concentration. Also, the MPMs can self‐shift with the daily movement of experimental animals to effectively reduce the topical aggregation of released drugs in vitro. In vivo evaluation further confirms that the implant of MPMs‐PTH plays a dual role in stimulating the regenerative repair of the cranial defect and relieving osteoporosis in the whole body. Consequently, the current work develops a dynamically movable drug delivery system to achieve precisely in situ delivery, minimize topical accumulation, and systematically repair osteoporotic bone defects.
Massively Parallel Selection of NanoCluster Beacons
Authors: Kuo Yu‐An , Jung Cheulhee , Chen Yu‐An , Kuo Hung‐Che , Zhao Oliver S. , Nguyen Trung D. , Rybarski James R. , Hong Soonwoo , Chen Yuan‐I , Wylie Dennis C. , Hawkins John A. , Walker Jada N. , Shields Samuel W. J. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. , Petty Jeffrey T. , Finkelstein Ilya J. , Yeh Hsin‐Chih
Published: August 2022

NanoCluster Beacons (NCBs) are multicolor silver nanocluster probes whose fluorescence can be activated or tuned by a proximal DNA strand called the activator. While a single‐nucleotide difference in a pair of activators can lead to drastically different activation outcomes, termed polar opposite twins (POTs), it is difficult to discover new POT‐NCBs using the conventional low‐throughput characterization approaches. Here, a high‐throughput selection method is reported that takes advantage of repurposed next‐generation‐sequencing chips to screen the activation fluorescence of ≈40 000 activator sequences. It is found that the nucleobases at positions 7–12 of the 18‐nucleotide‐long activator are critical to creating bright NCBs and positions 4–6 and 2–4 are hotspots to generate yellow–orange and red POTs, respectively. Based on these findings, a “zipper‐bag” model is proposed that can explain how these hotspots facilitate the formation of distinct silver cluster chromophores and alter their chemical yields. Combining high‐throughput screening with machine‐learning algorithms, a pipeline is established to design bright and multicolor NCBs in silico.
Adsorption Races of Binary Colloids with Different Softness at the Air/Water Interface of Sessile Droplets
Authors: Minato Haruka , Sasaki Yuma , Honda Kenshiro , Watanabe Takumi , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: August 2022

Although methods to suppress macroscopic nonuniform structures, e.g., due to the coffee‐ring effect, have been established, the formation of specific patterns during the evaporation of water from sessile droplets that contain colloidal particles remains challenging. In this study, it is discovered that the surface modification of colloidal particles by soft hydrogels provides a means to control the adsorption kinetics on the air/water interface. Especially binary mixtures of such core/shell colloids exhibit unique adsorption behavior that manifests in adsorption races to the interface, resulting in the formation of patterns of binary colloidal particles as well as in a suppression of the coffee‐ring effect. These results can be expected to be beneficial for applications such as inkjet coating, where the required micro‐patterns are controlled via the evaporation of solvents.
Thickness‐Dependent Reconfigurable Spin‐Wave Dynamics in Ni80Fe20 Nanostripe Arrays
Authors: Pal Pratap Kumar , Sahoo Sourav , Dutta Koustuv , Barman Anjan , Barman Saswati , Otani YoshiChika
Published: August 2022

Ferromagnetic nanostripes have gained massive attention due to their intriguing magnetic properties associated with dimensional confinements and shape anisotropy leading toward potential applications in magnetic storage, memory, and spin‐wave‐based devices. Consequently, reconfiguration of their static and dynamic magnetic properties by the geometric parameters and external field is imperative. Here, a combined experimental and numerical study of the reconfigurable spin‐wave dynamics in arrays of ferromagnetic nanostripes by the stripe thickness and external magnetic field strength and orientation is presented. Different uniform, localized, and standing spin waves in the nanostripes and their monotonic and nonmonotonic variation, including mode merging with these parameters, are observed. The observed variations are interpreted with the aid of simulated spin configurations, magnetostatic field maps, and spin‐wave mode profiles. Further numerical study reveals anisotropic spin‐wave propagation in nanostripes for different thicknesses and in different bias‐field geometry opening potential applications in magnonic circuit components such as reconfigurable magnonic waveguides and omnidirectional spin‐wave emitters.
Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of Oxygenated Arylacetic Acids with Salicyl Alcohols. Synthesis of 5‐Oxadibenzo[a,d]cycloocten‐6‐ones
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin Chun‐Yi
Published: August 2022

Bi(OTf)3‐catalyzed one‐pot tandem cyclocondensation of oxygenated arylacetic acids with salicyl alcohols provides 5‐oxadibenzo[a,d]cycloocten‐6‐ones in moderate to good yields under the refluxing MeNO2 conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed here. In the overall reaction process, water was the only byproduct which was generated. Various metal triflates‐promoted reaction conditions are investigated for the one‐pot efficient (4+4) annulation.

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Hydrogel‐Based Real‐Time Wireless Liquid Level Monitoring System for Size‐Independent Infusion Bags
Authors: Shin Jonghwan , Lee Mingoo , Gupta Dipti , Kim Sunkook , Gandla Srinivas
Published: August 2022

The monitoring of saline levels during medication has become a tedious process for practitioners. Regardless of the infusion bag size, real‐time wireless monitoring is essential in the healthcare medical sector. This paper demonstrates a size‐independent infusion bag liquid level monitoring system based on highly stretchable (>100% tensile strain) hydrogel‐based electrodes. The sensor uses coplanar capacitive electrodes to sense changes in the liquid level and is integrated with a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) to monitor the liquid level in real‐time wirelessly. Regardless of the sensor's extensibility, the linear relationship between the ∆C/C0 and the drop in liquid level, and the difference in the ∆C/C0 values corresponding to liquid fill and empty states remained approximately the same. The sensor integrated with an FPCB delivered continuous liquid‐level data to a mobile device in real‐time without any obvious error.
The efficacy of using pine (Pinus massoniana) pollen as an alternative to synthetic steroids in producing monosex male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.)
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Mostary Mst. Momtaz , Sume Israt Jahan , Uddin Md. Helal , Khan Mohd Golam Quader , Alam Md. Samsul , Islam M. Sadiqul
Published: August 2022

Synthetic sex steroids are widely used to produce all‐male stocks in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, there is a growing concern about the use of synthetic steroid hormones in fish as food. We investigated the efficacy of a natural sex hormone as an alternative to synthetic steroids in producing monosex male tilapia. Two‐day‐old fry were fed pine pollen powder at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) for 28 days and subsequently reared for 3 months to observe the efficacy of pine pollen as well as to optimize the concentration for sex reversal. As a positive control, same‐aged fry of three different commercial tilapia hatcheries were fed synthetic steroid and 17‐α‐methyl testosterone‐treated feed (60 mg/kg) for the same duration. Before analyzing the phenotypic sex, the fish were reared on untreated commercial feed for 90 days in separate tanks. The 1.0% pine pollen treatment yielded a mean of 92.50 ± 0.51% males among the progeny, higher than the mean (89.49 ± 0.25%) obtained from synthetic steroid treatments. This result demonstrates that pine pollen could be an effective compound for the direct masculinization of Nile tilapia. We also obtained a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the growth performance and survival of tilapia using the dietary allotment of pine pollen. Our study suggests the feasibility of this compound as an eco‐friendly method of masculinization of tilapia and can be tried in commercial aquaculture practice.
Stable isotopic investigation of the feeding ecology of wild Bornean orangutans
Authors: Tsutaya Takumi , Wong Anna , Malim Peter T. , Bernard Henry , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Hongo Shun , Tajima Tomoyuki , Kanamori Tomoko , Kuze Noko
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We applied stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses to wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) to investigate the feeding ecology of wild orangutans. Compared with African great ape species, orangutans are adapted to environments with chronic lower nutrition. But the usefulness of stable isotope analysis in the study of wild orangutan feeding ecology has not been fully explored.

Methods

The study site was a primary lowland dipterocarp forest in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 164 plant and 94 fecal samples collected across 18 months were analyzed.

Results

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of plant food samples do not systematically vary by plant parts (i.e., bark, fruits, and leaves). Elemental composition and stable isotope ratios of orangutan feces do not systematically vary by orangutans' sex and age classes, although fecal stable isotope ratios showed seasonal fluctuations. No isotopic contribution of breast milk was found in fecal samples collected from individuals at 2.7–6.5 years of age.

Conclusions

This study revealed key characteristics of the stable isotope ecology of wild orangutans living in a primary lowland forest. Although there was little isotopic variation among plant foods and orangutan individuals, seasonal fluctuations in baseline isotope ratios or orangutans' diet were found in Danum valley.
Reduktive Bildung von Al−B σ‐Bindungen in Alumaboranen: Einfache Spaltung polarer Mehrfachbindungen
Authors: Güven Zeynep , Denker Lars , Wullschläger Daniela , Pablo Martínez Juan , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Frank René
Published: August 2022

Es wird ein einfacher Zugang zu einer Alumaboran‐Spezies mit elektronenpräziser Al−B σ‐Bindung vor‐gestellt. Die reduktive Umlagerung von 1‐(AlI2), 8‐(BMes2)‐Naphthalin (Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) ermöglicht die Bildung der Alumaboran‐speziescyclo‐(1,8‐C10H6)‐[1‐Al(Mes)(OEt2)‐8‐B(Mes)] mit einer ko‐valenten Al−B σ‐Bindung. Diese Al−B σ‐Bindung bewirkt die reduktive Spaltung von Mehrfachbindungen: S=C(NiPrCMe)2ergibt die naphthalinverbrückende Struktur B−S−Al(NHC), NHC=N‐Hetero‐cyclisches Carben, während O=CPh2desoxygeniert wird, um eine B−O−Al‐verbrückende Spezies zu erhalten, bei der das verbliebene=CPh2‐Fragment in das Naphthalingerüst eingebaut wird. Die Re‐aktion mit Isonitril Xyl‐N≡C (Xyl=2,6‐Me2C6H4) erfolgt über eine vorgeschlagene (Aminoboryl‐)Carben‐Spezies, die ein weiteres Äquivalent Isonitril hinzufügt, um die Al−N−B‐verbrückende Speziescyclo‐(1,8‐C10H6)‐[1‐Al(Mes)‐N(Xyl)‐8‐B{C(Mes)=C−N‐Xyl}] unter voll‐ständiger Spaltung der C≡N‐Dreifachbindung zu bilden. Die letztgenannte Reaktion wird anhand isolierter Zwischenstufen sowie durch DFT‐Berechnungen unterstützt.
Faculty retirements will likely exacerbate the anatomy educator shortage
Authors: Edwards Danielle N. , Meyer Edgar R. , Brooks William S. , Wilson Adam B.
Published: August 2022

Medical education has reported a shortage of anatomy educators since the 1960s. While the faculty pipeline has recently been explored, insights into retirement intentions, a key driver of faculty turnover, have yet to be investigated. With the mean age of anatomists rising, knowledge of retirement intentions among current educators is essential to understanding the anatomy educator shortage. This study explored the retirement intentions of current anatomy educators and their likely effects on the workforce. Surveys were distributed to department heads and the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) membership to inquire about job postings from 2018–2020 and retirement intentions, respectively. Department heads sought to fill open positions due to faculty retirements (36%, 15 of 42), faculty relocations/sabbaticals/new responsibilities (31%), and brand new positions (24%). The retirement intentions survey revealed that 61% (23 of 38) of faculty ‘55 and older’ intend to retire within five years. Based on the extrapolation of AAA membership data, estimates suggest that almost twice as many anatomy faculty could retire per year (n = 40) over the next five years compared to the estimated number of annual PhD graduates (n = 22) likely to enter the workforce. Factors driving retirement intentions were overwhelmingly age and finances, followed by job satisfaction and family. The creation of new anatomy educator positions to address increased student enrollments and new health sciences programs is likely to place even greater strain on workforce demands.