bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence based prediction and multi-objective RSM optimization of tectona grandis biodiesel with Elaeocarpus Ganitrus
Authors: Kannan V Vinoth , Kanabar Bhavesh , Gowrishankar J , Khatibi. Ali , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Arabi Amir Ibrahim Ali , Thomai Pushparaj , Lozanović Jasmina
Published: January 2025

Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are widely applied across various fields due to their intelligent behavior and fast convergence, but their use in optimizing engine behavior remains limited. This study addresses this gap by integrating the Design of Experiments-based Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with meta-heuristic optimization techniques to enhance engine performance and emissions characteristics using Tectona Grandi’s biodiesel with Elaeocarpus Ganitrus as an additive. Advanced Machine Learning (ML) models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Random Trees (RT), were employed for predictive analysis, with ANN outperforming RSM in accuracy. The study identified the Teak biodiesel blend (TB20) with a 5 ml Elaeocarpus Ganitrus additive (TB20 + R5) as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest Brake Thermal Efficiency and reduced Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption. Desirability analysis further confirmed the blend’s superior performance and emissions characteristics, with a desirability rating of 0.9282. This work highlights the potential of hybrid optimization approaches for improving biodiesel performance and emissions without engine modifications, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy practices in internal combustion engines.
Effectiveness of iNTS vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cassese Daniele , Dimitri Nicola , Breghi Gianluca , Spadafina Tiziana
Published: January 2025

Invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is one of the leading causes of blood stream infections in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially among children. iNTS can be difficult to diagnose, particularly in areas where malaria is endemic, and difficult to treat, partly because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. We developed a mathematical model to evaluate the impact of a vaccine for iNTS in 49 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Without vaccination we estimate 9.2 million new iNTS cases among children below 5 years old in these 49 countries from 2022 to 2038, 6.2 million of which between 2028 and 2038. The introduction of a
$$85\%$$
(
$$95\%$$
) efficacy vaccine in 2028 would prevent 2.6 (2.9) million of these new infections. We provide the country-specific impact of a iNTS vaccine considering the different age structures and vaccine coverage levels.
Zika virus modulates human fibroblasts to enhance transmission success in a controlled lab-setting
Authors: Mozūraitis Raimondas , Cirksena Karsten , Raftari Mohammad , Hajkazemian Melika , Mustapha Abiodun Musa , Brahimi Juela , Radžiutė Sandra , Apšegaitė Violeta , Bernotienė Rasa , Ignatowicz Lech , Hick Tessy , Kirschning Andreas , Lenman Annasara , Gerold Gisa , Emami S. Noushin
Published: January 2025

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in 92 countries and the geographical spread of invasive virus-borne vectors has increased in recent years. Arboviruses naturally survive between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Transmission success requires the mosquito to feed on viraemic hosts. There is little specific understanding of factors that may promote ZIKV transmission-success. Here we show that mosquito host-seeking behaviour is impacted by viral infection of the vertebrae host and may be essential for the effective transmission of arboviruses like ZIKV. Human skin fibroblasts produce a variety of metabolites, and we show that ZIKV immediately alters gene/protein expression patterns in infected-dermal fibroblasts, altering their metabolism to increase the release of mosquito-attractive volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which improves its transmission success. We demonstrate that at the invasion stage, ZIKV differentially altered the emission of VOCs by significantly increasing or decreasing their amounts, while at the transmission stage of the virus, all VOCs are significantly increased. The findings are complemented by an extensive meta-proteome analysis. Overall, we demonstrate a multifaceted role of virus-host interaction and shed light on how arboviruses may influence the behaviour of their vectors as an evolved means of improving transmission-success.
Claudin-11 regulates immunological barrier formation and spermatogonial proliferation through stem cell factor
Authors: Sugawara Taichi , Sonoda Kayoko , Chompusri Nattapran , Noguchi Kazuhiro , Okada Seiji , Furuse Mikio , Wakayama Tomohiko
Published: January 2025

Tight junctions (TJs) between adjacent Sertoli cells are believed to form immunological barriers that protect spermatogenic cells expressing autoantigens from autoimmune responses. However, there is no direct evidence that Sertoli cell TJs (SCTJs) do indeed form immunological barriers. Here, we analyzed male mice lacking claudin-11 (Cldn11), which encodes a SCTJ component, and found autoantibodies against antigens of spermatocytes/spermatids in their sera. Defective spermatogenesis in Cldn11-deficient mice was not restored on a recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2) knockout background lacking mature T and B lymphocytes. This suggests that adaptive immune responses to spermatogenic cells are not a cause of defective spermatogenesis in Cldn11-deficient mice. Further analyses showed that Cldn11 knockout impaired Sertoli cell polarization, localization of stem cell factor (SCF) (a key molecule for maintaining differentiating spermatogonia) to the basal compartment of seminiferous tubules, and also proliferation of differentiating spermatogonia. We propose that CLDN11 creates a microenvironment for SCF-mediated spermatogonial proliferation at the basal compartment via Sertoli cell polarization.
Societal changes in Ancient Greece impacted terrestrial and marine environments
Authors: Koutsodendris Andreas , Maran Joseph , Kotthoff Ulrich , Lippold Jörg , Knipping Maria , Friedrich Oliver , Gerdes Axel , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Bahr André , Schulz Hartmut , Sakellariou Dimitris , Pross Jörg
Published: January 2025

The Aegean hosts some of the earliest cultural centers in European antiquity. To reconstruct the evolution of early anthropogenic impact in this region, we have examined lead (Pb) contents and vegetation dynamics on well-dated environmental archives extending to the early Holocene. We show that the impact of agropastoral societies on terrestrial ecosystems was locally confined during the Bronze and Iron Ages (5200–2750 years ago), although we record an onset of Pb pollution already at 5200 cal. years BP and thus about 1200 years earlier than previous archeological evidence. Our data demonstrate a marked increase in Pb pollution at 2150 cal. years BP that left an imprint across terrestrial and marine settings of the Aegean region. This first manifestation of marine pollution coincides with maximum deforestation and agricultural expansion, signaling pervasive human impact on ecosystems connected to the advanced monetized societies during the Hellenistic and Roman periods in Ancient Greece.
Ocean submesoscale fronts induce diabatic heating and convective precipitation within storms
Authors: Vivant Félix , Siegelman Lia , Klein Patrice , Torres Hector S. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Molod Andrea M.
Published: January 2025

The intensity of atmospheric storms is influenced by ocean temperature contrasts. While mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies ( ~ 200 km-size) are known to intensify storms via latent heat release, the role of finer oceanic scales remains unknown. Using a global coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation at a km-scale resolution, we show that half of latent heat flux variability is driven by oceanic motions at the meso- ( ~ 40%) and submesoscale ( ~ 10-20 km-size,  < 10%) in the Kuroshio Extension during winter. Additionally, ocean submesoscale fronts, with temperature gradients of 5 °C per 10 km, induce a secondary circulation reaching 4 km within the troposphere, which enhances diabatic processes and convective precipitations within storms. In the warm sector of storms, ocean submesoscale fronts locally account for half the total precipitations, averaging 14 mm day−1 over five days. As such, ocean submesoscale fronts pump moisture from the ocean to the atmosphere and have the potential to affect storm intensification.
Unveiling the energetic potential of azahomocubane (AHC): a new class of potential propellants, explosives and oxidizers
Authors: Lal Sohan , Gao Haixiang , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: January 2025

Azahomocubanes – an energetic material as future propellants, explosives, and oxidizers.
COF containing π-conjugation and precise nitrogen modified cathode enables high-performance lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Sun Bo , Guan Yingkai , Yao Chan , Xu Yanhong
Published: January 2025

The LSB with TPE-TPP-COF/S cathode displays stable cycling performance, even at high sulfur loading (80%). In addition, TPE-TPP-COF/S cell has high rate performance, with a discharge specific capacity of 517.9 mA h g−1 even at a rate of 2C.
Significantly enhanced NIR emission of solid-state clusters based on Cu4Pt2 triggered with volatile organic compounds
Authors: Hu Xue-Ning , Zhong Xu-Hang , Zhong Rui-Ru , Zhang Lin-Mei , Hao De-Bo , Xu Qian , Wei Hui-Zhi , Zhou Rui , Wei Jianyu , Liu Kuan-Guan , Yuan Shang-Fu , Li Dong-Sheng , Wu Tao
Published: January 2025

Solid state Cu–Pt bimetallic clusters demonstrate a marked enhancement in near-infrared emission when exposed to organic vapors, driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the solvent molecules and the ligands.
Laser-assisted thermoelectric-enhanced hydrogen peroxide biosensors based on Ag2Se nanofilms for sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Ma Huangshui , Pu Shiyu , Jia Shiyu , Xu Shengduo , Yu Qiwei , Yang Lei , Wu Hao , Sun Qiang
Published: January 2025

This study presents a thermoelectric biosensor using Ag2Se nanofilms on 3D-printed resin for precise H2O2 detection. It accurately quantifies S. sanguinis and MRSA, achieving a detection threshold of 104 CFU ml−1, meeting clinical standards.
Suppressing the non-radiative energy loss of organic solar cells by embedding nitroxide radical blocks in wide bandgap conjugated polymer donors
Authors: Peng Huiyuan , Liang Junhong , Zhou Yuan , Zhu Zhenyu , Guan Jiawei , Guo Pengzhi , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang , Wang Ergang , Xia Yangjun
Published: January 2025

A new strategy for the development of nitroxide radical wide bandgap polymer donors and additives, which enable the lowering of the non-radiative energy loss of non-fullerene-based organic solar cells, is presented.
Bispidine coordination chemistry
Authors: Bleher Katharina , Cieslik Patrick A. , Comba Peter
Published: January 2025

The rigidity and well-defined size and shape of the bispidine scaffold, as well as the ease of preparing 4- to 10-dentate ligands are the main features for its very rich coordination chemistry.
Incremental shape integration with inter‐frame shape consistency using neural SDF for a 3D endoscopic system
Authors: Furukawa Ryo , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Sagawa Ryusuke
Published: January 2025

3D measurement for endoscopic systems has been largely demanded. One promising approach is to utilize active‐stereo systems using a micro‐sized pattern‐projector attached to the head of an endoscope. Furthermore, a multi‐frame integration is also desired to enlarge the reconstructed area. This paper proposes an incremental optimization technique of both the shape‐field parameters and the positional parameters of the cameras and projectors. The method assumes that the input data is temporarily sequential images, that is, endoscopic videos, and the relative positions between the camera and the projector may vary continuously. As solution, a differential volume rendering algorithm in conjunction with neural signed distance field (NeuralSDF) representation is proposed to simultaneously optimize the 3D scene and the camera/projector poses. Also, an incremental optimization strategy where the optimized frames are gradually increased is proposed. In the experiment, the proposed method is evaluated by performing 3D reconstruction using both synthetic and real images, proving the effectiveness of our method.
Effect of field‐induced dynamic parameters on the electric field distortion characteristic of high voltage oil‐immersed bushing
Authors: Zhang Mingze , Wang Bingjie , Liu Ji , Yun Hao , Li Dexin , Yu Muhe , Sun Yufei , Zhao Chunming
Published: January 2025

As an important component of oil‐immersed transformers, the bushing's internal insulation ageing and dampness after the long‐term operation can cause changes in the internal electric and temperature fields, seriously threatening its safe operation. This paper tested the power frequency permittivity and direct current conductivity of aged and damp oil‐paper insulation samples at different testing temperatures, and constructed a dynamic dielectric parameter calculation model. Meanwhile, a simulation model was established based on the actual structure of the 252 kV/1250 A bushing which is mainly used for the oil‐immersed high‐voltage bushings of 110 kV and above. The electric‐magnetic‐thermal multi‐physical fields were used for simulation analysis. The influence of ageing/moisture (different degrees of dampness in the upper and lower regions) on the electric field distribution in the bushing was obtained. During the initial to steady‐state process, the electric field distribution at the zero and end shield shows a reversal phenomenon. When the capacitor core has different degrees of dampness in the upper and lower regions, the impedance distribution of the capacitor core is non‐uniform. This phenomenon will lead to an increase in the radial electric field gradient at the end shield of the capacitor core, which is prone to the risk of slip‐flashing discharge. In summary, this paper adopts the field‐induced dynamic parameters method to analyse the changes of multi‐physical fields in the bushing. This can provide theoretical guidance for optimising the bushing structure and on‐site maintenance.
Macrozoobenthic community structure in the mangrove aquatic ecosystem and surrounding area of Pejarakan Village, Bali
Authors: Zafirah Aanisah Farih , Samosir Agustinus Mangaratua , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Solihin Iin , Nugroho Thomas , Hestirianoto Totok , Srimariana Endang Sunarwati , Arhatin Risti Endriani , Rastina Rastina , Mubarak Ahmad Shofy , Ismail Ismail
Published: January 2025

Change in macrozoobenthic community structure is commonly an indicator of aquatic ecosystem disturbance, due to the macrozoobenthic low mobility and relatively long life cycle. This research aims to analyze macrozoobenthic community structure in the mangrove aquatics ecosystem and surrounding area of Pejarakan Village, Bali. We conducted this research at six stations covering a mangrove-vegetated area and a brackish water pond in September 2022, January 2023, September 2023, and January 2024. Macrozoobenthos samples were taken using a VanVeen Grab, and water quality measurements were carried out in situ with a water analysis kit. Data were analyzed using species composition, ecological index, and PCA. The macrozoobenthos at the research location comprised 6 classes and 60 genera. The highest density was in January 2024 (289 ind/m2). The diversity index (H') was low-medium (1.99-3.17), the evenness index (E) was high (0,69- 0,96), and the dominance index (C) was low-medium (0,13-0,38). PCA analysis shows that the distribution of macrozoobenthos was influenced by turbidity/total suspended solid.
Treatment and Outcome of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ for the German Federal States Berlin and Brandenburg in the Period 2007–2020
Authors: Burmeister Sandy , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Richter-Ehrenstein Christiane , Buchali André , Holmberg Christine , von Rüsten Anne , Schneider Constanze , Hauptmann Michael
Published: January 2025

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the female breast is treated with surgery possibly followed by radiotherapy (RT) and/or adjuvant hormonal therapy despite their known long-term side effects. Since not every DCIS will progress into an invasive breast cancer (IBC), disease progression and de-escalation of treatment is an important topic of current research.

During 2007–2020, 3905 individuals with a DCIS diagnosis were reported to the cancer registry of Brandenburg and Berlin. We selected 3424 women who were cancer-free prior to DCIS diagnosis and without synchronous diagnoses of DCIS or ipsilateral IBC (iIBC). The objective was to describe changes over time in DCIS treatment and risk of developing iIBC by treatment.

We observed decreasing proportions of mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with RT, and standard versus hypofractionated RT over time. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 105 women developed iIBC. Compared with BCS + RT with standard fractionation (54.9%, 1878/3424, 53 iIBC events), hazard ratios (HR) for ilBC were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26, 1.99; 4 events) for BCS + hypofractionated RT, 0.70 (95% CI 0.33, 1.41; 11 events) for BCS alone, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.50, 1.37; 26 events) for mastectomy. Analyses were adjusted for DCIS size, grade, residual tumor status and ECOG score.

We observed a de-escalation of treatment over time, with fewer mastectomies, less RT, and more hypofractionation of RT. No substantial differences in risk of iIBC were observed between these treatments. There is a need to evaluate DCIS treatment de-escalation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkenes with sp3-Hybridized Electrophiles
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Du Hai-Wu , Bhat Muneer-ul-Shafi , Li Yulong , Shu Wei
Published: January 2025

Saturated carbon centers connected with sp3 hybridized atoms are ubiquitous subunits in organic molecules which play an important role in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, material sciences. Over the past decades, transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki-Miyaura, Kumada, Negishi, Stille coupling, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction) enabled sp3-sp3 coupling using sp3 nucleophiles and sp3 electrophiles have been evolved into one of the most tools to access such units. However, the preformation and utilization of stoichiometric organometallic reagents, competitive β-H elimination of alkyl metallic intermediates, impose significant challenges and limitations for their further applications. Recent advances in metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes present a promising alternative by utilizing alkenes as latent alkyl nucleophiles in the presence of a silane, circumventing the use of stoichiometric amount of sp3 hybridized metallic reagents. Over the past years, cobalt catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes with sp3 hybridized electrophiles has emerged as a compelling approach for sp3-sp3 coupling to forge carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, demonstrating broad functional group compatibility and enhanced regio- and enantioselectivity. This review highlights the advances in cobalt-catalyzed hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes with sp3hybridized electrophiles to form sp3-sp3 bonds, alongside the future research on addressing the existing obstacles in this field.
Impacts on Postoperative Bleeding of Surgery for Head and Neck Malignancies While Continuing Antithrombotic Agents
Authors: Ushiro Koji , Asato Ryo , Ishida Hiroki , Chikugo Chisato , Ito Yukiko , Tsuji Takuya , Tsuji Jun
Published: January 2025

Introduction Perioperative management of antithrombotic agents may affect bleeding and lead to thromboembolic complications, but there is no consensus on optimal protocol in head and neck surgery.

Objective To explore the effect of antithrombotic agents on postoperative bleeding.

Methods We compared clinical characteristics, type of surgery, antithrombotic agents, continued use of medication or not, and frequency of postoperative bleeding among patients who were receiving antithrombotic therapy at the time of their decision to undergo surgery for head and neck malignancies, from 2008 to 2022.

Results A total of 168 patients were included. There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative blood loss or postoperative bleeding between the group that underwent surgery while on antithrombotic therapy and those that underwent surgery after antithrombotic therapy was discontinued. In particular, there was no increase in bleeding complications with antiplatelet agents, regardless of the type or number of agents used.

Conclusion Surgery for head and neck malignancies with continued antiplatelet therapy may not increase bleeding complications, regardless of the type of antiplatelet therapy and even when multiple agents are taken.
Room temperature magnetocaloric effects in monoclinic Cr3Te4
Authors: Goswami Anirban , Ng Nicholas , Yakubu Emmanuel , Guchhait Samaresh
Published: January 2025

We report a systematic investigation of anisotropic magnetocaloric effects in a crystalline, monoclinic Cr3Te4 sample grown by the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. The maximum magnetic entropy change −ΔSmaxM is 3.31 J kg−1 K−1 for the c axis (3.16 J kg−1 K−1 for the ab-plane) and the relative cooling power (RCP) is 340 J kg−1 for the c axis (350 J kg−1 for the ab-plane) near the Curie temperature with a magnetic field (μ0H) change of 9 T. With the scaling analysis of ΔSM, all rescaled ΔSM(T, H) curves collapse onto a single universal curve, indicating a second-order magnetic phase transition in Cr3Te4. Furthermore, −ΔSmaxM follows the power law of Hn with n = 0.656 ± 0.005. The RCP and δTFWHM have Hc and Hb dependence on field, with c = 1.179 ± 0.011 and b = 0.498 ± 0.005, respectively, which led us to estimate the critical exponents of β = 0.359 ± 0.013, γ = 1.646 ± 0.057, and δ = 5.578 ± 0.190.
Design, modeling, and control of coaxial integrated macro–micro composite actuator with high-precision and long-stroke
Authors: Yu Caofeng , Zhang Qilong , Wei Yijun , Xiao Zhihao , Yang Kun , Li Baokun
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a coaxial integrated macro–micro composite actuator. The macro-actuator of the macro–micro composite actuator is similar to a moving coil type voice coil motor, and a giant magnetostrictive actuator is installed coaxially inside it as a micro-actuator. In this work, kinetic models are established for both the macro-actuator and micro-actuator, and based on the models, an automatic disturbance rejection controller is adopted to control the macro-actuator, and a fuzzy sliding mode controller is adopted for the micro-actuator. In order to verify the actual performance of the proposed macro–micro composite actuator, a prototype was fabricated, and experimental results show that the macro-actuator can achieve a 10 mm step positioning error of 9 μm and a 30 mm step positioning error of 11 μm under a load of 1 kg. The resolution of the minimum PWM square wave change identification of the controlled micro-actuator is 0.047 μm, and the minimum displacement resolution of the micro-actuator is 0.15 μm. The micro-actuator is capable of achieving 1 μm steps with no displacement overshoot. In addition, when the positioning distance is 5 μm, there is a small amplitude overshoot of 0.18 μm. The final positioning accuracy of macro–micro composite positioning is within 350 nm.
Compression rate-dependence of the γ → α phase boundary in cerium
Authors: Chen XiaoHui , Wang Hao , Lin Chuanlong , Zhang Yi , Gao Junjie , Jing Qiumin , Li Shourui , Li Jun , Wu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Rapid compression experiments were performed to examine the compression rate-dependence of the γ→α phase boundary in cerium (Ce), using a piezo-driven dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) coupled with time-resolved ruby fluorescence (i.e., pressure profile) measurements. Accompanying the pressure-induced γ→α transition, large volume collapse in Ce leads to an obvious anomaly (i.e., plateau) in the pressure profile, which provides a unique opportunity for locating the phase boundary. Based on the pressure profile analysis, the transition pressures were determined over compression rates spanning three orders of magnitude (100--102 GPa/s). Unlike other metals that high compression rates can shift their phase boundaries to higher pressures, Ce shows little impact of the compression rate on its γ→α phase boundary. However, our observations are in good agreement with recent results obtained through dDAC combined with time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction. This finding confirms the distinct compression rate-dependent phase transition behavior of Ce and highlights the possibility to capturing kinetic effects of phase transition up to hundreds of GPa/s in a home-built laboratory previously only accessible with large-scale x-ray source facilities.
Frequency bandgap enhancement in locally resonant metasurfaces for S0 Lamb wave mode using topology-optimized resonators
Authors: Pillarisetti L. S. S. , Giraldo Guzman D. , Keirn J. , Sridhar S. , Lissenden C. , Frecker M. , Shokouhi P.
Published: January 2025

Elastodynamic metasurfaces composed of surface-mounted resonators show great promise for guided wave control in diverse applications, e.g., seismic and vibration isolation, nondestructive evaluation, or surface acoustic wave devices. In this work, we revisit the well-studied problem of “rod-shaped” resonators coupled to a plate to reveal the relationship between the resonator's resonances and antiresonances obtained under unidirectional harmonic excitation, and the resultant frequency bandgap for S0 Lamb mode propagation once a metasurface is arranged. This relationship is shown to hold true even for non-prismatic resonators, such as those presented in our recent studies, in which we established a systematic resonator design methodology using topology optimization by matching a single resonator's antiresonance with a predefined target frequency. Our present study suggests that considering the waveguide (plate) during the resonator design is not essential and encourages a feasible resonator design approach to achieve wide bandgaps just by customizing a single resonator's resonances and antiresonances. We present a topology optimization design methodology for resonators that drive resonances away from antiresonances, i.e., a resonance gap enhancement, yielding a broadband S0 mode bandgap while ensuring the desired bandgap formation by matching antiresonances with a target frequency. The transmission loss of metasurfaces composed with topology-optimized resonators is numerically verified, confirming the generation of wider bandgaps compared to resonators designed without resonance gap enhancement and broadening the applicability of locally resonant metasurfaces.
Luminescence properties of solid Eu, Sm, Tb and Dy compounds with the molybdoaluminate ion Al(OH)$_6$Mo$_6$O$_{18}^{3-}$
Authors: Yusov Aleksander Borisovich , Fedosseev Alexander Mikhailovich , Andreev Grigorii B , Shirokova Irina B
Published: January 2025

The structure and luminescence characteristics of new lanthanide complexes with the heteropoly anion Al(OH)$_6$Mo$_6$O$_{18}^{3-}$ were examined.
Design of a light and Ca
2+
switchable organic–peptide hybrid
Authors: Khaleel Zinah Hilal , No Young Hyun , Kim Nam Hyeong , Bae Do Hyun , Wu Yibing , Kim Suhyeon , Choi Hojae , Lee Da Eun , Jeong Se Yun , Ko Yoon-Joo , Kim Seong-Gi , Suh Minah , Kim Jin-Chul , DeGrado William F. , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Yong Ho
Published: January 2025

The design of organic–peptide hybrids has the potential to combine our vast knowledge of protein design with small molecule engineering to create hybrid structures with complex functions. Here, we describe the computational design of a photoswitchable Ca
2+
-binding organic–peptide hybrid. The designed molecule, designated Ca
2+
-binding switch (CaBS), combines an EF-hand motif from classical Ca
2+
-binding proteins such as calmodulin with a photoswitchable group that can be reversibly isomerized between a spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) state in response to different wavelengths of light. The MC/SP group acts both as a photoswitch as well as an optical sensor of Ca
2+
binding. Photoconversion of the SP to the corresponding MC unmasks an acidic phenol, which CaBS uses as an integral part of both its Ca
2+
-binding site as well as its tertiary and quaternary structure. By design, the SP state of CaBS is monomeric, while the Ca
2+
-bound form of the MC state is an obligate dimer, with two Ca
2+
-binding sites formed at the interface of a domain-swapped dimer. Thus, light and Ca
2+
were expected to serve as an “AND gate” that powers a change in backbone structure/dynamics, oligomerization state, and fluorescence properties of the designed molecule. CaBS was designed using Rosetta and molecular dynamics simulations, and experimentally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, and optical titrations. These data illustrate the potential of combining small molecule engineering with de novo protein design to develop sensors whose conformation, association state, and optical properties respond to multiple environmental cues.
Extremal structures with embedded prefailure indicators
Authors: Christensen Christoffer Fyllgraf , Engqvist Jonas , Wang Fengwen , Sigmund Ole , Wallin Mathias
Published: January 2025

Preemptive identification of potential failure under loading of engineering structures is a critical challenge. Our study presents an innovative approach to design built-in prefailure indicators within multiscale structural designs with optimized load carrying capabilities utilizing the design freedom of topology optimization. The indicators are engineered to visibly signal load conditions approaching the global critical buckling load at predefined locations. By showing noncritical local buckling when activated, the indicators provide early warning without compromising the overall structural integrity of the design. This proactive safety feature enhances structural reliability. The method is particularly beneficial for offshore wind turbines, where many sensors are located below sea level and are inaccessible for maintenance. By allowing the placement of indicators in accessible predetermined locations, our method can reduce the number of required sensors and improve structural health monitoring. Additionally, the potential use of memory overload indicators exploiting plasticity offers a reliable means of detecting overloads during offline periods. Experimental testing of 3D-printed designs confirms a strong correlation between measurements and numerical simulations, demonstrating the feasibility of creating structures that can signal the need for load reduction or maintenance at predetermined locations. This research contributes to the design of safer structures by introducing built-in early-warning failure systems.
Errors are robustly tamed in cumulative knowledge processes
Authors: Brandenberger Anna , Marcussen Cassandra , Mossel Elchanan , Sudan Madhu
Published: January 2025

As knowledge accumulates in science and society in a distributed fashion, erroneous derivations can be introduced into the corpus of knowledge. Such derivations can compromise the validity of any units of knowledge that rely on them in the future. Can societal knowledge maintain some level of integrity given simple distributed error-checking mechanisms? In this paper, we investigate the following formulation of the question: assuming that a constant fraction of the new derivations is wrong, is it possible for simple error-checking mechanisms that apply when a new unit of knowledge is derived to maintain the integrity of the corpus of knowledge? This question was introduced by Ben-Eliezer et al. [“Is this correct? Let’s check!”
in 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference
(ITCS, 2023)], who gave a robust affirmative answer in a specific probabilistic model for knowledge accumulation. Namely, this model required that new units depend on just one existing unit and join the process according to a preferential attachment rule. In this work, we consider much more general families of processes of knowledge accumulation, where new units may depend on multiple existing units and join according to varied attachment mechanisms. We also consider models with a (random) fraction of insertions of adversarial nodes. We give a robust affirmative answer to the above question by showing that for all of these models, as long as many of the units follow simple local heuristics for checking a bounded number of units they depend on, all errors will be eventually eliminated.
CBX2 suppresses interferon signaling to diminish tumor immunogenicity via a noncanonical corepressor complex
Authors: Lin Yanxun , Jin Huan , She Yong , Zhang Yiqun , Cui Lei , Xie Chunyuan , Liu Yongxiang , Zhang Huanling , Guo Hui , Wu Jiaxin , Li Lin , Guo Zixuan , Wang Xiaojuan , Jiang Wu , Chen Xu , He Shuai , Zhou Penghui , Tan Jing , Bei Jin-Xin , Liu Jinyun , Chen Yan-Xing , Zhao Qi , Xia Xiaojun , Wang Zining
Published: January 2025

Chromobox 2 (CBX2), a crucial component of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC), has been implicated in the development of various human cancers. However, its role in the regulation of tumor immunogenicity and immune evasion remains inadequately understood. In this study, we found that ablation of CBX2 led to tumor growth inhibition, activation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 or adoptive T cell therapies by using murine syngeneic tumor models. By analysis of the CBX2-regulated transcriptional program coupled with mass spectrometry screening of CBX2-interacting proteins, we found that CBX2 suppresses interferon signaling independent of its function in the canonical PRC. Mechanistically, CBX2 directly interacts with RACK1 and facilitates the recruitment of HDAC1, which attenuates the H3K27ac modification on the promoter regions of interferon-stimulated genes, thereby suppressing interferon signaling. Consequently, CBX2 reduces tumor immunogenicity and enables immune evasion. Moreover, a high expression level of CBX2 is associated with immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and reduced efficacy of immunotherapy across various human cancer types. Our study identifies a noncanonical CBX2–RACK1–HDAC1 corepressor complex in suppression of tumor immunogenicity, thereby presenting a potential target and biomarker for tumor immunotherapy.
The effect of international study programmes and languages spoken on Spanish university students’ sense of
Europeanness and place identity
Authors: Méndez-García María-del-Carmen , Machancoses Francisco H.
Published: January 2025

This study explores European identity formation by examining the role of international study programmes (ISPs) and
plurilingualism among Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students. Using a custom-built survey administered to 871
respondents, the research analyzes how ISPs and students’ language profiles influence their sense of Europeanness, attachment to
Europe, and perception of the European Union (EU).

Findings show that students participating in or interested in ISPs have a more positive view of Europe and the EU,
while non-mobile students tend to exhibit stronger local identities and view Europe more neutrally or negatively. Additionally,
students with broader language repertoires are more likely to associate the EU with cultural diversity, while those primarily
speaking Spanish often connect it to challenges like unemployment. Proficiency in multiple European languages emerges as a key
factor in fostering a positive European orientation.

This study underscores the importance of ISPs and plurilingualism in shaping European identity with valuable
insights for internationalization strategies in higher education.
Final report of the supplementary comparison between NIMT and LNE on pressure standards in the range 50 MPa to 500 MPa of hydraulic gauge pressure
Authors: Wongthep Padipat , Otal Pierre , Rabault Thierry , Soyez Olivier
Published: January 2025

Main text

This report describes the results of a bilateral supplementary comparison of hydraulic high-pressure standards between Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE) and National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT) in order to check their degrees of equivalence in the pressure range from 50 MPa to 500 MPa in the gauge mode.

This comparison was carried out during the period from March to December 2015. The results of this comparison will be essential to support the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) of NIMT. The pilot laboratory was NIMTwhich provided the transfer standard (TS). The TS was a Piston-Cylinder Unit (PCU) without any pressure balance nor mass set.

All the measurements were performed in accordance with the Technical Protocol prepared by NIMT and accepted by LNE.

This report presents the results of NIMT and LNE. All uncertainties in this report are the standard ones (k = 1).

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
CCQM-P123 number and geometric property of cells adhered to a solid substrate
Authors: Divieto C , Revel L , Pennecchi F , Pavarelli S , Zucco M , Menezes G , Barrias E , Leve F , Lee J Y , Choi J-H , Ellison S L R , Woolford A , Lekishvili T , Pang S , Morley G , Davies J , Campbell J , Braybrook J , Yingying L , Prawettongsopon C , Halter M , Elliot J T , Kummrow A , Runov A L , Naschekina Y , Yudintseva N , Vonsky M S
Published: January 2025

Main text

Several scientific fields, such as cytology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics have cells as their direct topic of study. The cell is a fundamental unit of highly technological systems, employed, for example, in the development of new chemicals and drugs, in the evaluation of compound toxicity, in novel approaches to health, such as regenerative medicine. High content screening technologies are cellular imaging-based assays. In this framework, cell density, cell confluency and cell size are measurands that can describe a biological effect of a molecule under examination. The CCQM-P123 study aimed to demonstrate capability of participants in quantifying 4 measurands using one reference material: number of adherent cells on a planar surface, cell density in the range 0 to 5000 cells/mm2, cell confluency in the range 0 % to 100 % and average cell area. Nine Institutions participated in the study. Reference materials for three levels of cell density and cell confluency were prepared for fluorescence microscopy and circulated among participants. Each reference material was a commercial imaging dish having 400 squares and seeded with human cells, fixed and stained for nucleus and for whole cell. On each dish 4 squares were selected for the analysis as "measurement standards". The use of a calibrated ruler to define the area of measurement assured the traceability to the International System of Units (SI). Results for the 4 measurands showed an overall good agreement between the laboratories. The study allowed fundamental considerations in the frame of a cell-based measurement comparison, in terms of: traceability, comparability of results and complexity of the study protocol. The study has been a preparatory exercise for a key comparison on at least one of the 3 measurements claims (cell density, cell confluency and cell area) related to adhered cells features such as cell proliferation, morphology and size.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
Temperature and strain-dependent band bowing effect in Ge1-xSnx alloys
Authors: Wu Songsong , Huang Shihao , Qian Jinghui , Huang Wei , Lin Guangyang , Cheng Songyan , Li Cheng
Published: January 2025

Band-gap-tunable Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys are one of the most promising materials in silicon photonics. While many studies have focused on the band structure of Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys, the band bowing effect significantly affects the conversion of Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys into direct band gap material, which has not been thoroughly researched yet. This work theoretically reports the band bowing effect on Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys under strain at various temperatures based on 30- band k·p method. Results indicate that band bowing parameters of both Γ-valley and L-valley are reduced by increasing temperature. However, the difference between direct and indirect band gap bowing parameters of Ge1-x
Sn
x
increases with temperature, resulting in a reduction of the critical Sn composition in the direct band gap transition. For the case of biaxial (001)- and uniaxial [001]-strained Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys, the difference between direct and indirect band gap bowing parameters is increased, which also reduces the Sn composition for Ge1-x
Sn
x
alloys to be direct band gap transition. This work offers a path to find a proper balance between Sn composition, temperature, and strain for the design of Ge1-x
Sn
x
-based optoelectronic devices.
Comment on ‘Klein–Gordon particles in a quasi-pointlike global monopole spacetime and a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole: invariance and isospectrality’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M
Published: January 2025

We analyse a procedure proposed recently for the solution of the radial eigenvalue equation for a shifted harmonic oscillator. We show that the author modified the boundary condition at origin and, consequently, solved a completely different problem. His energies do not depend on one of the model parameters, while the Hellmann–Feynman theorem shows such dependence clearly. It is also shown that the author’s own equations are inconsistent.
High-accuracy iterative 6DoF pose tracking for large-size cabin assembly
Authors: Shen Chentao , Jiang Haolai , Liu Houde , Chen Yihui , He Zaixing , Zhao Xinyue
Published: January 2025

Large-size cabin assembly is a challenging and labor-intensive task, while visual pose estimation of the cabin could enhance its efficiency and precision. The existing frameworks are mainly based on ellipse detection and projection calculation, leading to a limitation of accuracy and generalization. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for pose tracking of large-size cabins based on iterative optimization of manipulation points to reduce the impact caused by 6DoF pose coupling, where four manipulation points iteratively transform the docking surface contour and align it with captured image. The method is applicable to arbitrary shapes of cabin docking surface and also extended to multiple perspectives. Both actual cabin assembly experiments and simulation experiments are performed, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate and robust than conventional methods.
A hybrid-driven soft sensor model with symbolic representation for enhanced self-interpretability
Authors: Wei Lingyun , Liu Han , Guo Runyuan , Wang Wenqing , Tian Xueqiong
Published: January 2025

Deep learning-based soft sensors often encounter the challenge of black-box problems, which lack interpretability and fail to provide intuitive mapping relationships. In complex industrial processes, physical sensors are susceptible to wear and tear, causing a divergence between test data distributions and training data, thus undermining sensing performance stability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid-driven and self-interpretable soft sensor with symbolic representation, called the Kolmogorov–Arnold conditional autoencoder (KACAE). This framework employs symbolic representation to intuitively express the mapping relationships between variables, providing the model’s self-interpretability. It also incorporates domain knowledge to determine specific activation function types and simplify the network structure, achieving an effective balance between performance and computational complexity. Furthermore, an adaptive weighted mechanism is introduced to eliminate correlations between hidden features, enhancing model stability. Finally, the effectiveness, self-interpretability, and stability of the KACAE are validated through two industrial case studies.
Data-driven sensor selection for industrial gearbox fault diagnosis using principal component analysis
Authors: Goswami Priyom , Rai Rajiv Nandan
Published: January 2025

The failure of gearboxes, a critical component of mechanical power transmission systems, can significantly disrupt process cycle times and decrease production line throughput. Predicting failures in gear transmission systems is notably challenging due to their complex geometry and the interaction of simultaneous faults, which complicates fault isolation. Typically, multiple sensors are deployed at various locations to isolate and analyse faults in gearboxes. However, not all sensor data yield reliable results, making it crucial to select the most effective sensors. This study employs a principal component analysis-based approach to select the best sensor for fault detection. The results show an 18% increase in fault detection accuracy when using the most effective sensor. To validate the proposed approach, experiments were conducted under four gear conditions, considering different speeds, loads, fault severities, and fault types.
Development and investigation of novel negative stiffness metamaterial based on ring-shaped elastic deformation element
Authors: Patel Sandip T , Dave Harshit K
Published: January 2025

In the last few years, the concept of mechanical-type negative stiffness metamaterial (NSM) has gained greater attention and developed into an emergent field of research, partly due to advancements in additive manufacturing technologies that enable rapid fabrication of materials. In this work, a versatile bistable unit cell design is proposed, which exhibits large deformation. A theoretical model is developed and verified with experimental testing to accurately estimate the snap-through behaviour of the unit cell. The bulk of the theoretical model findings fall within a 10% range of the experimental results. This study demonstrates that the theoretical model proposed is accurate in its ability to predict the snap-through transition. Furthermore, a methodical parametric investigation is conducted into how geometric factors affect the snap-through characteristics. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the unit cell, the required mechanical behaviour of the NSM may be tailored for specific applications. Finally, a 2D NSM lattice structure is developed, which exhibits multistability, tunable deformation, and a deterministic deformation sequence. These tunable behaviours can be controlled by setting proper values for geometrical parameters across the lattice. This study contributes to the design, development, and manufacture of tunable NSM and multistable structures.
High-reflective cylindrical-nanostructure multilayer mirrors for extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Wang Chih-Chung , Lee Chao-Te , Chen Hung-Pin , Li Jia-Han
Published: January 2025

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) is used in current semiconductor fabrication processes, and molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si) multilayers are often used for reflection mirrors. We propose hybrid structure multilayers that utilize cylindrical Mo and Si with vacuum space in each layer, and we call it cylindrical-nanostructure multilayer mirror which can be fabricated by current semiconductor processes. This practicality of our design is a crucial factor, as it leads to an increase in the refractive index and a decrease in the extinction coefficient in each layer, and it results in an enhancement of constructive interference within the multilayer stack. Based on the numerical simulation results using the finite-difference time-domain method, the reflectivity can be increased from 73–75% for a conventional 40-period Mo/Si multilayer to add more 2–3% for our proposed cylindrical-nanostructure multilayer mirror. As it often needs 8 to 12 reflection mirrors in EUV lithography, our proposed design can be used as high-reflectivity mirrors for EUV radiation and to increase the chip production under the same EUV light source.