bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GI-based maximum envelope spectrum deconvolution for machinery fault diagnosis in wind turbine generator
Authors: Qin Shiyao , Jia Haikun , Ma Xiaojing , Liu Miao , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2025

Deconvolution methods utilizing time-domain sparsity as the objective function are widely adopted for machinery fault diagnosis due to their capability in adaptive filter design and attenuation of fault transmission. However, this approach presents several limitations, such as sensitivity to noises and reliance on prior knowledge. To address these challenges, this study introduces the Gini index (GI), derived from economics, as a replacement for time-domain sparsity in maximum envelope spectrum deconvolution. The GI is formulated as the objective function to mitigate the influence of impulse noises. Furthermore, the eigenvector algorithm is incorporated to optimize filter parameters in the proposed method. Finally, simulation and experimental results in a wind turbine generator demonstrate that the developed Gini-based maximum envelope spectrum deconvolution method has greater robustness against random impulse noises and non-fault harmonics.
Autoantibody clusters in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Insights from a multicenter study with 912 patients
Authors: Trindade Vitor C , Bonfá Eloisa , Sakamoto Ana P , Terreri Maria T , Aikawa Nádia E , Fiorot Fernanda J , Pitta Ana C , Balbi Verena A , N Rabelo Carlos , Silva Marco F , Islabão Aline G , Novak Glaucia V , Kozu Katia T , Buscatti Izabel M , Campos Lucia M , Sallum Adriana ME , Assad Ana P , Magalhães Claudia S , Marini Roberto , Fonseca Adriana R , Sztajnbok Flavio R , Santos Maria C , Bica Blanca E , Sena Evaldo G , Moraes Ana J , Robazzi Teresa C , Spelling Paulo F , Scheibel Iloite M , Cavalcanti Andre S , Matos Erica N , Guimarães Luciano J , Santos Flavia P , Carvalho Luciana M , Carneiro-Sampaio Magda , Ferraro Alexandre A , Silva Clovis A
Published: January 2025

Objective: To identify clusters of autoantibodies in a large cSLE population and to verify possible associations between different autoantibody clusters and the following variables: demographic data, cumulative clinical and laboratory manifestations, disease activity, cumulative damage and mortality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 27 Pediatric Rheumatology University centers, including 912 cSLE patients. The frequencies of seven selected autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, aCL IgM and/or IgG and LA) were used for cluster analysis using the K-means method. Results: Four distinctive antibody clusters were identified. Cluster 1 ( n = 322; 35.31%) was characterized by anti-dsDNA (61.18%), low frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies (<10%), and lower frequency of cutaneous, articular manifestation ( p < 0.05) and hypocomplementemia ( p < 0.001) compared to the other groups. Cluster 2 ( n = 158; 17.32%) comprised anti-dsDNA (93.04%), aCL (87.34%) and LA (39.87%) and higher frequencies of thrombocytopenia ( p = 0.006) and antiphospholipid syndrome ( p < 0.001) than the other clusters. Cluster 3 ( n = 177; 19.41%) was characterized by anti-dsDNA (81.36%), anti-Sm (100%) and anti-RNP (44.63%) antibodies, as well as a higher frequency of proteinuria compared to cluster 4 (58.15% vs 56.13% vs 64.00% vs 49.80%, p = 0.031). Cluster 4 ( n = 255; 27.96%) consisted of all 7 autoantibodies, with predominance of anti-dsDNA (72.55%), anti-Ro/SSA (89.8%) and anti-La/SSB (45.88%), with no specific clinical pattern, except by higher pulmonary damage ( p = 0.017). Conclusions:Our study suggests that, within the context of cSLE, the coexistence of anti-dsDNA with antiphospholipid autoantibodies is linked to an elevated incidence of antiphospholipid syndrome. This association does not coincide with a proportionate increase in the occurrence of nephritis. Conversely, the cluster of anti-dsDNA with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies was associated with pulmonary damage, requiring close surveillance.
Current Development of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Zheng Bingyi , Wang Xueting , Guo Meizhai , Tzeng Chi-Meng
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with self-renewal. They play a critical role in cell therapy due to their powerful immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. Recent studies suggest that one of the key therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs seems to derive from their paracrine product, called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs contain much DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA, and protein components, which can exert intracellular communication to target cells. In clinical applications, the MSC-EVs have been widely used in tissue repair and immune disorder diseases. However, there are serval issues need to be considered such as how to accomplish the large-scale production of EVs and how to verify the exact mechanism of EVs. In this review, we summarize the current progress of MSC-EVs and discuss the challenges and future of MSC-EVs.
Advances in the Development and Application of Human Organoids: Techniques, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhu Zhangcheng , Cheng Yiwen , Liu Xia , Ding Wenwen , Liu Jiaming , Ling Zongxin , Wu Lingbin
Published: January 2025

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and function of human organs. These microstructures are invaluable for biomedical research due to their ability to closely mimic the complexity of native tissues while retaining human genetic material. This fidelity to native organ systems positions organoids as a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of human biology and for enhancing preclinical drug testing. Recent advancements have led to the successful development of a variety of organoid types, reflecting a broad range of human organs and tissues. This progress has expanded their application across several domains, including regenerative medicine, where organoids offer potential for tissue replacement and repair; disease modeling, which allows for the study of disease mechanisms and progression in a controlled environment; drug discovery and evaluation, where organoids provide a more accurate platform for testing drug efficacy and safety; and microecological research, where they contribute to understanding the interactions between microbes and host tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of organoid technology, highlights the key achievements and ongoing challenges in the field, and discusses the current and emerging applications of organoids in both laboratory research and clinical practice.
Trans-Vessel Wall Cell Transplantation, Engraftment, and Tumor Access in the VX2 Rabbit Model
Authors: Lövljung Victoria , Waldén Mathias , Sandell Mikael , Damberg Peter , Holmin Staffan , Arnberg Sandor Fabian
Published: January 2025

The trans-vessel wall device (TW-device) is a new endovascular tool for precise and safe delivery of various payloads (cells, viral, modified RNA, chemotherapy, growth factors) in oncology and regenerative medicine. The twofold aim of this study was to assess cell engraftment and tumor growth using the TW-device for endovascular transplantation and to evaluate its ability to directly access solid tumors. We used the VX2 model in the rabbit kidney to compare percutaneously implanted fresh VX2 cells with TW-device injections of cryopreserved VX2 cells. We demonstrated the feasibility of endovascular transplantation ( n = 7) of tumor cells, achieving a 57.1% engraftment rate despite cryopreservation, comparable with 70% for percutaneous delivery of fresh cells ( n = 10). Re-access using the TW-device was 100% successful ( n = 11) with super-selective intratumoral contrast administration without complications. In conclusion, endovascular transplantation of VX2 cells using the TW-device resulted in proliferating cell grafts in the rabbit kidney establishing functional proof that cells indeed survive handling, preparation, and device passage. We also show the TW-device is able to access solid tumor parenchyma allowing precise intraparenchymal administration.This proof-of-concept study open up possibilities for repeated direct parenchymal injections via the endovascular route in any hard to reach organ.
Astragaloside IV Alleviates Myocardial Fibrosis  After Myocardial Infarction Through  SIRT3/β-catenin/PPARγ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Jinghu , Zhou Haokun , Hu Zhitao , Tan Xiangdi , Yao Yujiang
Published: January 2025

Background

Myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) is linked to decreased cardiac function and heart failure. Astragaloside IV (AST IV), a component of traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promise in animal studies for improving cardiac function.

Purpose

This study intends to investigate the role of AST IV in MI and its correlation with the sirtuin-3 (SIRT3)/β-catenin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway.

Methods

After the establishment of an animal model of MI, 60 rats were divided into a control group, model group (MI group), positive control group (sham group), low-dose AST IV group (0.8 mg/100 g), and high-dose AST IV group (3 mg/100 g). The animals were injected once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. To further investigate the mechanism of action of AST IV, another nine rats from the model group were randomly divided into the 3TYP group (5 mg/100 g), SKL2001 group (20 µmol/L, 10 mL/kg), and T0070907 group (0.15 mg/100 g), with three rats in each group. The rats in each group were intervened once a day by intraperitoneal injection and once a day by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Hemodynamics, cardiac function, ventricular weight, and infarct area were assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-surgery. Myocardial collagen content in the non-infarcted area was measured, the expression rate of transforming growth factor-beta and ED-positive cells was calculated, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPARγ mRNA expression.

Results

The left ventricular ejection fraction, short-axis shortening rate, and left ventricular mass in the model group were decreased obviously. AST IV treatment decreased systolic blood pressure, +dp/dtmax, –dp/dtmax, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, as well as reduced myocardial collagen deposition in rat hearts ( p < 0.05). AST IV inhibited the SIRT3/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling pathway when alleviating myocardial fibrosis. Intervention with SIRT3 blocker 3-TYP, β-catenin agonist SKL2001, and PPARγ blocker T0070907 reversed the inhibitory effect of AST IV on the signaling pathway.

Conclusion

AST IV exhibits significant anti-fibrotic effects, effectively reducing collagen deposition in the MI model, improving cardiac function parameters, and decreasing markers such as creatine kinase-MB. It significantly regulates SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPARγ to exert cardioprotective effects. The key mechanism involves inhibiting the SIRT3/β-catenin/PPARγ, offering an innovative strategy for post-MI treatment.
From Diversity to Standardization: Unveiling Key Parameters in Chick Ileum Bioassays for Enhanced Pharmacology Education and Research
Authors: Singh Shruti , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Sunil Kumar , Maharshi Vikas
Published: January 2025

Background

As traditional laboratory animal use faces ethical and logistical constraints, the chick ileum has been experimented with as an alternate tissue for bioassays, which is crucial for drug discovery and pharmacology education. However, the absence of uniform bioassay protocols for chick ileum presents a significant challenge, impacting the accuracy and reliability of results in pharmacological studies.

Purpose

The objective of this review was to compile existing data on chick ileum bioassays from published sources, aiming to enhance future experiments and contribute to the establishment of standardized methods for conducting these bioassays.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review, utilizing keywords like “Chick ileum,” “Bioassay,” “Acetylcholine,” and “Histamine” across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The study selection adhered to specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on chick ileum research. Data extraction and subsequent analysis were performed to retrieve data for the experiment.

Results

Eleven articles were selected after applying strict inclusion criteria. Studies ranged from 1967 to 2019, with diverse physiological salt solutions and varied responses to essential chemicals like acetylcholine and histamine. Assay methods varied, but three-point assays were common. Commonly employed tissue lengths and temperatures were identified, and additional factors like organ bath volume and aeration were crucial for consistent results.

Conclusion

The review highlights the feasibility and ethical advantages of using chick ileum for bioassays. Despite challenges like variable tissue responses and methodological diversity, the review suggests these can be navigated with careful optimization, making chick ileum a valuable model for pharmacological research and education.
Structural State Autonomy explaining development oriented policies in peripheral contexts: The Uruguayan case (2005–2015)
Authors: Plá Belén Villegas
Published: January 2025

This article explores the challenge of building state autonomy as a driver of development processes in peripheral economies. More specifically, it explores how to build stable and lasting political processes in economies subject to high economic volatility and external dependence. To this end, I develop the concept of Structural State Autonomy understood as a relational and situated process, immersed in global asymmetries and a product of internal dynamics that shape conflict and cooperation among local actors. I take issue with this debate by analysing the progressive fiscal reforms in Uruguay during the 2000s by studying the Tax Reform aimed at improving income distribution and the New Investment Regime that modifies capital tax exemptions. The article shows that institutionalized, stable, and broad-based dialogues between the state and society have consolidated the Structural State Autonomy in Uruguay. In effect, granting partial benefits to different groups, through articulated and non-rival negotiated agreements that include local elites, grassroots actors, and transnational capital, has allowed the implementation of successful, albeit moderate, progressive tax reforms in Uruguay.
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in a reindeer from a zoo
Authors: Winter John M. , Langan Jennifer N. , Landolfi Jennifer A. , Thacker Tyler , Delk Katie W.
Published: January 2025

Bacteria in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria may affect a variety of animal species under human care and pose public health risks as zoonotic pathogens. A case of sudden onset of lethargy and increased respiratory effort in a 5-y-old, intact female reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) under managed care had progressed to severe dyspnea despite aggressive treatment. The animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Postmortem findings included: disseminated miliary nodules in the lungs, pleura, small intestine, liver, and spleen; enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes; dilated mesenteric and serosal lymphatic vessels; and renal infarcts. Histologically, granulomatous lymphadenitis and lymphangitis with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli were observed. Mycobacterium sp. DNA was detected in lung via real-time PCR. Mycobacterial culture and sequencing identified Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) within pulmonary lesions. Infection with MAH has been reported in humans and many animal species; this nontuberculous mycobacterial infection may be an emerging concern in animals under managed care. To our knowledge, MAH infection has not been reported previously in reindeer.
Evolution of Stewardship Across Family and Business Goals: Toward a Stewardship Transition Framework
Authors: Ali Nehad , Simeonova Boyka , Hughes Mathew
Published: January 2025

Drawing on goal-setting and stewardship theories, this study examines the management of family and business goals in family firms under transgenerational complexity, presenting a dynamic model of family stewardship. Through multiple case studies, we identify four distinct stewardship strategies, each with a corresponding governance structure: cultivating family stewardship (with family-dense governance), professionalizing family stewardship (with professionalized governance), harnessing external stewardship (with externally dense governance), and perpetuating external stewardship (with public companies’ governance). These strategies shift from family-centric to business-centric goal-setting approaches in sustaining the family firm. The study introduces stewardship transition capability as a missing cog for managing these transitions.
Perverse Outcomes: Notes From the Field on How Financial Incentives in Ontario's Workers’ Compensation System Cause Harm to a Public Institution and Create a New Occupational Hazard
Authors: Endicott Marion
Published: January 2025

An examination by a community legal worker in Ontario, Canada, of the premises of the experience rating system introduced into the Ontario Workers Compensation system and its negative effects on injured workers and their families, on the workers compensation system itself, and on occupational health and safety.
A Spirituality-Based Group Work Intervention Reduces the Sense of Alienation Among Female Turkish Social Work Students: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Aykara Aslıhan , Akgül Gök Fulya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a spirituality-focused group intervention on the alienation levels of young women and search out exposure to a spirituality-focused group intervention reduces alienation more than no treatment.

Methods

An 8-week spirituality-focused group work was conducted and selected via a randomized controlled sampling method.

Results

For the sense of alienation, a significant main effect of time ( F = 23.03, p < .01, partial η2  = .56, 95% CI [0.20, 0.72]), a significant effect for groups ( F = 8.82, p < .01, partial η2  = .33, 95% CI [0.03, 0.57]) were observed. The interaction effect between the sense of alienation over time and the group was also found ( F = 8.82, p = .27, partial η2  = .07, 95% CI [0.30, 0.78]).

Conclusion

Spirituality-focused group work stands as a pivotal component in mitigating the feeling of alienation experienced by young women of university age.
Enhancing Reflexivity in Research and Practice in Healthcare Through Oral-Based Autoethnography
Authors: Mathieu Christopher , Hagelsteen Kristine
Published: January 2025

Autoethnography is an increasingly used method to promote individual and group reflexivity in research, not the least in healthcare. However, autoethnography’s uptake among practitioners is impeded by the fact that it has not been adequately adapted to practitioner settings from its academic origins. This article analyzes the experience of a research team comprised of practitioners/surgeons and social scientists using primarily oral-based autoethnographic practices to promote reflexive collaboration in a longitudinal research and innovation project on selection and training of surgical residents. Based on our case of innovative adaptation and application of autoethnography, which we term autoethnorality, several modifications in autoethnographic practice are suggested to make it more amenable to practitioner settings. These include adopting the collaborative and analytic forms of autoethnography and developing oral-based modalities for autoethnographic practice. The case also shows how these strategic choices along with successive adoption of autoethnographic practices can facilitate the resolution of tensions deriving from the differing timeframes, skillsets, and interests of practitioners on the one hand and academic researchers on the other, as well as paradigmatic differences in theory of science between the medical and social sciences. A table summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of different strategic choices and adaptations regarding autoethnography along with actionable recommendations is presented.
Differences in Inpatient Palliative Care Consultation During the Terminal Admission for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Patients
Authors: Udemgba Chinwe S. , Palama Brett K. , Darlington Wendy , Hoehn K. Sarah
Published: January 2025

Pediatric neuro-oncology patients have one of the highest mortality rates among all children with cancer. Our study examines the potential relationship between palliative care consultation and intensity of in-hospital care and determines if racial and ethnic differences are associated with palliative care consultations during their terminal admission. Retrospective observational study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database with data from U.S. children’s hospitals. PHIS was queried for patients under 18 years of age who received a diagnosis of brain tumor and had their terminal admission between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. Of the 567 patients who fit the inclusion criteria, 359 (63%) patients had an inpatient palliative care consultation during their terminal hospital stay. There were no statistically significant differences seen when comparing palliative care consultation rates among racial groups. When comparing the ethnicity variables, patients in the Hispanic group had approximately a 10% higher rate of palliative care consultations than their non-Hispanic counterpart. Patients with palliative care consultations had a lower percentage of PICU admission (64.9 vs 83.2), mechanical ventilation (51.0 vs 76.0), and TPN use (18.1 vs 25.5) despite having similar lengths of stay. Pediatric neuro-oncology patients who received a palliative care consultation during their terminal hospital stay had lower intensity care (lower rates PICU admission, mechanical ventilation use, and TPN use) despite having similar lengths of stay. This may reflect the enhanced decision-making support for the patients and their families so that they may consider all options. Children facing a terminal illness and their families deserve access to optimal supportive services. This study highlights the importance of integrating palliative care in hospital admissions of terminally ill children with neuro-oncological diagnoses.
Static versus dynamic sitting modes when performing on-desk tasks amongst preschool children
Authors: Alperovitch-Najenson Deborah , Lifshits Tal , Wilk Ortal , Ezra David , Amichai Taly , Kalichman Leonid
Published: January 2025

Background

Studying at school and engaging in social activities are primarily performed while sitting, contributing to a sedentary lifestyle, which poses a major health concern for adults and children. Sitting independently and being stable facilitates success in reaching and connecting with objects.

Objective

Recognizing the potential negative consequences of SB, this study explored the effect of using a fit ball as an alternative seating option in classrooms to reduce sedentary behavior.

Methods

We employed a repeated-measures design to compare the fine motor accuracy of 37 preschool children (18 boys and 19 girls, aged 4–6 years with a mean age of 5.48 ± 0.54 years) when seated on standard chairs versus fit balls. The children were assessed through six subtests designed to evaluate fine motor accuracy appropriate for their age group.

Results

Our findings revealed no significant difference in fine motor accuracy between the two seating modes (p > 0.05), indicating that using a fit ball as a seating alternative does not compromise the fine motor skills of preschool children. Furthermore, no clear preference for either seating mode among the children was detected (Z = −1.79, p = 0.074).

Conclusion

While using fit balls may not enhance fine motor accuracy, they could still be considered an alternative seating in classrooms to reduce sedentary behavior without negatively impacting fine motor development. Such seating arrangements, including dynamic chairs or fit balls, could foster the development of healthy habits without adversely affecting academic skills. Further research may explore other benefits of dynamic seating and its long-term effects on child development.
Modified Uvular Repair in Children Undergoing Palatoplasty
Authors: Shetty Pritham N. , Bonanthaya Krishnamurthy , John Centina Rose , Rao Dipesh
Published: January 2025

Background

Paucity exists in the literature on uvular repair while documenting palatoplasty techniques for children with cleft palate.

Solution

We propose a modified approach without losing any soft tissue structures, gaining better cosmetic outcome, and possibly having functional gains postoperatively.

What we did that is new

The proposed technique provides better cosmesis for the structures postoperatively and enhances the palatoglossal arch, which may prevent the spillage of saliva to the oropharyngeal region.
There's More to Being a Provider: Qualitative Exploration of Marriage Socialization of African-American men
Authors: Barrie Rabiatu E , Crooks Natasha , Robertson Victoria , Parikh Reshma , Obioha Chinedu , Whitaker Naomi
Published: January 2025

Objective: The current study explores how African-American men are socialized about marriage. Background: The literature on African-American men and marriage largely focuses on attitudes toward and motivation to marry, paying little attention to how they come to form their attitudes that drive their motivation. It is important to understand how African-American men are socialized on the topic of marriage to provide a point of intervention and prevention for service providers and policy makers. Method: Focus groups were conducted with 17 African-American men between the ages of 24 and 35 years. They were asked semistructured questions that inquired about how, from whom, and what messages they learned about marriage. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that the men learned about marriage via implicit and explicit messages from their kinship network and media. Three themes emerged regarding messages about marriage: (a) Adherence to traditional gender roles, (b) Basing marriage on religion and spirituality, and (c) Importance of maintaining the family unit at all costs. Conclusion: The findings elucidate competing messages between western norms and Afrocentric norms of marriage and manhood, specific to the definition and operationalization of the provider role of men in marriage. Implications: The findings provide specific points of intervention and inquiry for clinicians and scholars whose work is with African-American men on the issues of marriage, gender roles, and masculine identity development.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Uterus: A Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Martins Gama João , Fry James Trent , Quick Charles Matthew
Published: January 2025

Giant cell tumors are neoplasms that usually occur in the long bones of young adults. They can rarely present in the soft tissue and may display malignant behavior. Giant cell malignancies have previously been reported as tumors primary of the uterus but are exceptionally rare. Although uncommon, it is important to consider when a neoplasm with osteoclast-like giant cells is encountered. In this report, we describe a 70-year-old female patient with an unremarkable past history who presented with an enlarged uterus. Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated multiple fibroids and a thickened endometrium. A biopsy diagnosis of a highgrade sarcoma was rendered and further refined in the surgical resection as malignant giant cell tumor of the uterus. In this case report, we describe the findings of this case and discuss the differential diagnosis of this entity.
Morselized Femoral Head Impaction Bone Grafting of Large Defects in Ankle and Hindfoot Fusions
Authors: Clough Tim , Jamjoom Bakur , Jagani Naeem , Quarcoopome Jared , Kakwani Rajesh , Townshend David , Cullen Nicholas , Patel Shelain , Malhotra Karan , Welck Matthew
Published: January 2025

Background:

Ankle and hindfoot fusion in the presence of large bony defects represents a challenging problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients who underwent ankle-hindfoot fusions with impaction bone grafting (IBG) with morselized femoral head allograft to fill large bony void defects.

Methods:

This was a 3-center, retrospective review of a consecutive series of 49 patients undergoing ankle or hindfoot fusions with femoral head IBG for filling large bony defects. Union was assessed clinically and radiologically with radiography or computed tomography. Graft stability/collapse was identified on radiographs as loss of graft height across the fusion interface. Indications included 35 failed total ankle arthroplasty, talar osteonecrosis and collapse (7 patients), failed ankle fusion (4 patients), trauma with bone loss or fracture nonunion (1 patients), and other (2 patients). Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion was performed in 36 (73%) patients and ankle (TT) fusion in 13 (27%).

Results:

Mean age was 59.3 (19-78) years. Mean follow-up was 22.9 ± 8.3 months. Eighteen percent were smokers. Mean depth of the bone defect was 35.2 ±8.7 mm, and mean volume of the defect was 62.2 ±5.8 cm3. Symptomatic nonunion rate was 14% (7/49). The mean time to radiologic union was 7.6 ±3.2 months. Complete radiologic union rate occurred in 73% (36/49). Eight TTC fusion patients (22.2%) united at the tibiotalar joint but not at the subtalar joint, of which 6 were asymptomatic. There was no graft collapse, even in patients developing nonunion, with all patients maintaining bone incorporation and leg length.

Conclusion:

Impaction of morselized femoral head allograft can fill large bony voids around the ankle or hindfoot during fusion, with rapid graft incorporation and no graft collapse despite early loading. This technique offers satisfactory and comparable union outcomes without limb shortening or expensive custom 3D-printed metal cages.
Lifetime Abuse and the Barriers to Women Aged 50 and Over Using Domestic Violence Services in Germany
Authors: Höppner Grit
Published: January 2025

Women often suffer abuse for many years before they turn to social services for victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV). This article examines the barriers that prevent women aged 50 and over from using these services. Adopting an intersectional approach, the article presents findings from a qualitative research project conducted in Germany. The findings suggest that services designed for DV victims and survivors in mind have not succeeded in eliminating these barriers to older women accessing the services. This calls for age sensitivity so that DV services can actually provide support to DV victims and survivors of all ages that they claim to offer.
Using Routine Activity Theory to Predict Technology- Facilitated Violence Among U.S. Adults During COVID-19
Authors: Dours Nina , Eaton Asia A.
Published: January 2025

Using routine activity theory (RAT), the present study investigated predictors of two types of technology-facilitated violence: cyber obsessional pursuit victimization (COPV) and Cyber Aggression in Relationships Scale (CARS), during COVID-19 among a sample of U.S. adults ( N = 2,975). Results revealed that target attractiveness in terms of gender, age, and racial/ethnic background predicted both intimate (CARS) and nonintimate (COPV) cyber violence. For target exposure, technology use and the perceived ability to protect one's privacy predicted both types of cyber violence. Previous experience of in-person intimate partner violence explained the largest amount of variance in both types of technology-facilitated violence victimization.
Nurse Perspectives on Labor Union Participation Prior to Implementation of a Collective Bargaining Agreement: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Christianson Jacqueline , Sommers-Olson Bonnie , Fox Cathleen , Johnson Norah L.
Published: January 2025

Background: Patient advocacy is a duty for professional nurses; however, not all nurses are empowered to advocate for meeting patients’ needs. Participation in labor unions may serve as a venue for nurses with limited institutional decision-making authority to advocate for patient needs; however, unionization can be a time-intensive and fraught process. Purpose: This study examined how nurses participating in a new union in an urban United States hospital described their reasons for participating in a labor union during collective bargaining. Methods: Content analysis of participant's interviews that took place between January and March 2023, after the nurses voted to unionize and collective bargaining had commenced but progress had stalled, and before additional actions (e.g., informational picketing, labor strikes) were authorized by union members. Findings: Content analysis generated three themes: (a) systemic barriers to advocacy, (b) unionization as an advocacy method, and (c) professional empowerment through unionization. Nurses in this study perceived barriers to meeting patient care needs that were insufficiently addressed prior to unionization. They described their motivation to participate in the union due to their desire to advocate despite adversity and finding empowerment through union activities. Implications for Practice: This study highlights the need for equity in decision-making authority and greater opportunities for nurses to effect workplace changes.
The Indirect Effects of Health Information Seeking on Health Lifestyle: Health Literacy Matters
Authors: Jia Wufan , Sun Mengru , Huang Guanxiong , Payton Brett , Yu Wenting
Published: January 2025

To unpack the process of how health information seeking influences health behaviors, we examined the mediating roles of interpersonal discussion and online information sharing in the associations between health information seeking and healthy lifestyle behaviors and the moderating role of health literacy in the associations among health information seeking, interpersonal discussion, online information sharing, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Data from a large-scale, representative survey ( N = 916) revealed that interpersonal discussion and online information sharing mediated the associations between health information seeking and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The associations between health information seeking and interpersonal discussion and between health information seeking and online information sharing were stronger for individuals with high health literacy than those with low health literacy. Findings advance the understanding of the influence of health information seeking and provide practical guidance for promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Bidirectional impact protective performance of bioinspired polyvinyl chloride/thermoplastic polyurethane foam composite with anti-sandwich structures
Authors: Li Ruixue , Tian Qingli , Mi Hao-Yang , Chen Yingqi , Zhang Miaomiao , Jiang Xiulei , Dong Binbin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: January 2025

Polymer foams are widely used in human body protection but require combination with impact-resistant materials for adequate performance. Inspired by walnut shells, this study developed a novel bidirectional protective anti-sandwich structure (BPAS) for bidirectional protection. The nonlinear hyperelastic and viscoelastic behaviors of TPU foam were simulated using the compressible Hyperfoam model with Rayleigh damping, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified by falling ball impact tests. By comparing with pure foam structure (PFS) and traditional sandwich structure (TSS), the BPAS showed more uniform and moderate stress distribution, transfer, and deformation under impact demonstrating a special bidirectional protection property, which is attributed to the energy dispersion of its upper foam, lateral stress redistribution, and energy dissipation effects of its rigid core. The developed model is effective in assisting structural design and performance prediction of BPAS, and the BPAS also exhibited excellent bidirectional protection capability in boxing.
Value of MRI-based radiomics models for predicting visual outcome in patients with MOG-optic neuritis: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Buhuan , Chen Xiaoxia , Dong Yuru , Liu Muqing , Du Sihan , Han Wenjuan , Ye Ju , Wang Guisheng
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the predictive value of MRI-based radiomics models for the recovery of visual acuity after 12 months in patients with acute phase MOG-optic neuritis(MOG-ON).

Materials and Methods

Clinical and MRI imaging data were collected consecutively from January 2021 to April 2022 from patients with acute stage MOG-ON, and the visual acuity of patients were followed up after 12 months. After stratified random sampling, patients were divided into training and test sets, and prediction models based on CE-T1WI, FS-T2WI, and combined CE-T1WI and FS-T2WI were developed.

Results

A total of 34 eyes were included, the visual acuity recovery group included 26 eyes, and the visual acuity non-recovery group included 8 eyes. The training set included 23 eyes (18 from the visual acuity recovery group and 5 from the visual acuity non-recovery group) and the test set included 11 eyes (8 from the visual acuity recovery group and 3 from the visual acuity non-recovery group). The differences in gender, age, proportion of patients with visual acuity recovery, and lesion length between the training and test sets were not statistically significant(P＜0.05). The CE-T1WI-based radiomics model had highest predictive efficacy for visual acuity recovery after 12 months in patients with MOG-ON (AUC = 0.917), followed by the combined CE-T1WI and FS-T2WI-based radiomics model (AUC = 0.838), while the FS-T2WI-based radiomics model had the worst predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.583).

Conclusions

MRI-based radiomics models have high value in predicting visual acuity recovery after 12 months in patients with acute stage MOG-ON, especially CE-T1WI.
Orbital textiloma: Two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Diab Mostafa M , Ismail Ahmed A , Alsuhaibani Adel
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This report presents two cases of orbital textiloma resulting from retained surgical gauze.

Case description

Both patients presented with postoperative orbital inflammation unresponsive to medical treatment: one eight weeks after excision of an orbital cavernous hemangioma, and the other six months following surgical repair of an orbital floor fracture. CT scans of the orbit revealed well-defined lesions with a heterogeneous center. An exploratory orbitotomy retrieved a large piece of gauze that was firmly adhered to the globe and the adjacent extraocular muscle. Both patients experienced significant postoperative improvement, with no sequelae.

Conclusions

Orbital textiloma, though rare, should be considered a potential cause of persistent postoperative orbital inflammation. Prompt imaging and subsequent surgical removal are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Factors associated with early and late losses of primary patency following drug-coated balloon for dysfunctional arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Suemitsu Kotaro , Iida Osamu , Sato Kazuhiro , Miyamoto Masahito , Murakami Masaaki , Toyoshima Taku , Izumi Masaaki
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and to identify the risk factors associated with early and late losses of primary patency following DCB in real-world practice.

Methods:

This multicenter, retrospective study included 407 patients (72 ± 11 years, 64.1% males) with dysfunctional AVFs (juxta-anastomotic lesion location in 58.7% of cases, mean size 1.2 mm, mean length 54 mm) who underwent DCB for the first time for the treatment of dysfunctional AVF. The primary outcome measure was the loss of primary patency after DCB. The secondary outcome measures were the factors associated with early (<90 days) and late (⩾90 days) losses of primary patency after DCB.

Results:

The primary patency rates 6 and 12 months after DCB were 72.5% ± 2.3% and 40.1% ± 2.7%, respectively. The factors associated with the early loss of primary patency were de novo lesions (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 7.91; [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.90–32.97]; p = 0.005), endovascular treatment (EVT) history within the previous 90 days (adjusted HR, 9.29; [95% CI, 3.09–27.92]; p < 0.001) and juxta-anastomotic stenosis (adjusted HR, 0.30; [95% CI, 0.13–0.70]; p = 0.005). The factors associated with a late loss of primary patency included EVT history within the previous 90 days (adjusted HR, 2.52; [95% CI, 1.89–3.38]; p < 0.001) and pre-dilation balloon size (adjusted HR, 1.99; [95% CI, 1.50–2.64]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

DCB is an effective device to prolong the patency of dysfunctional AVFs in most cases. De novo lesions and their locations were associated with an early loss of primary patency, whereas the vessel preparation balloon size was associated with a late loss of primary patency. EVT history within the previous 90 days was associated with early and late losses of primary patency.
Clinical Outcomes and Complications in Complex Closures Under Local Anaesthesia Post-Mohs Surgery
Authors: Nowsheen Somaira , Pham Vy X. , Eichstadt Shaundra , Jiang Shang I Brian
Published: January 2025

Background:

Mohs micrographic surgery offers high cure rates of cutaneous malignancies, but surgeons are often faced with large and complicated defects after tumour removal.

Objectives:

To assess the safety and complication rates of large flaps and grafts (measuring ≥30 cm2) and larger complex linear closures (CLC, ≥12.5 cm, as defined by the American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology code set), when performed under local anaesthesia.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent skin cancer treatment by Mohs at an academic institution (UCSD) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022, and whose defects were repaired with CLC, flap, or skin graft. Demographic, surgical, and complication data were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Of the 436 patients who met inclusion criteria, 39 underwent CLC, 344 underwent flap reconstruction, and 53 underwent grafting. Adverse effects to local anaesthesia were notably absent in all treatment methods. Overall complication rate was noted to be 16.1% (70/436). Complications varied across treatment methods, encompassing infection (6.0%, 26/436), bleeding (3.2%, 14/436), hematoma (5.0%, 22/436), seroma (0.2%, 1/436), and flap/graft necrosis (6.5%, 26/397).

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that large CLC, flaps, and grafts can be safely performed under local anaesthesia, but have higher complication rates compared to smaller reconstructions.
Calling in: Mental health in management education and academia
Authors: Segarra Paulina , Williams Kristin
Published: January 2025

In celebration of the 55th anniversary of Management Learning, we critically examine the journal’s role in fostering discourse at the intersection of management education and mental health. By tracing the historical engagement with mental health in the journal, we reveal gaps and opportunities for further exploration while recognizing the previous efforts that have been made by fellow researchers . Our hope is to catalyze this conversation in order to challenge stigma while emphasizing innovative approaches to enhance learning environments that support mental health of both educators and students.
Positive impact of cladribine tablets on reducing brain atrophy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Achiron Anat , Warszawer Yehuda , Nissan Yael , Kerpel Ariel , Hoffmann Chen , Harari Gil , Magalashvili David , Tal Sigal
Published: January 2025

Background:

Measuring brain volume changes over time is an objective and dependable surrogate marker for the pathological processes that damage the brain in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). These measures are particularly valuable for monitoring the long-term impact of immunomodulatory treatments such as cladribine.

Objectives:

To evaluate the long-term impact of oral cladribine treatment on brain volume loss in patients with RRMS.

Methods:

This real-world study processed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using FreeSurfer’s recon-all-clinical pipeline leveraging SynthSeg for brain segmentation. Piecewise linear regression was used to analyze brain atrophy changes over 4.5 years before and after cladribine treatment and estimate the time breakpoint of atrophy rate change.

Results:

A total of 448 MRI exams from 102 RRMS patients were analyzed. Before the initiation of cladribine treatment, brain atrophy rates were significantly steep with an α1 slope between −1.27 and −0.62 for the Thalamus, DGM, Subcortical GM, Cerebral WM, and BP. Over 2 years after treatment, breakpoints marked a shift in atrophy rates, with post-breakpoint slopes (α2) becoming non-significant, reflecting stabilization of brain atrophy.

Conclusions:

Cladribine treatment in highly active RRMS patients protects the brain from atrophy, with stabilization occurring over 2 years after initiation. The extended observation period highlights its sustained benefits compared with shorter clinical trials.
Through the looking glass: Feminism and reactionary politics in the digital hall of mirrors
Authors: Banet-Weiser Sarah , Kay Jilly Boyce
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the ‘mirror’ has emerged as a key metaphor for theorizing contemporary digital culture, with its disorienting communicative architectures and bewildering social and political effects. This short piece considers what the dynamic of ‘mirroring’ in digital culture means for the relationship between gender politics and an increasingly authoritarian right. In the digital hall of mirrors, feminist ideas and practices are mimicked, co-opted and warped into perplexing new formations. This happens through manosphere figures and ‘manfluencers’ who mirror feminist practices and discourses, weaponizing them for anti-feminist ends. But we also see uncanny doubles of feminism in the visibility of ‘tradwives’, ‘dark feminine’ dating influencers and self-proclaimed ‘reactionary feminists’. We argue that the tendency is toward a nihilistic anti-politics – or what we call a ‘vampire anti-feminism’ – whose goal is to suck out feminism’s life force, and to kill the possibility of collective political resistance. We argue that grasping the dynamics of ‘mirroring’ in digital culture is crucial for analyzing contemporary gender politics as it plays out in an increasingly reactionary terrain.
Contestations and cooperation in Muslim–Jewish neighbourhood encounters: A London case study
Authors: Shaw Daniella
Published: January 2025

Religious spaces in the London borough of Barnet provide a lens through which to understand Muslim–Jewish encounters. This case study, pre-dating the 2023 escalation in the Israel–Gaza conflict, examines community relations in the context of the hegemonic discourses that play into racialisations, power dynamics and cultural connectedness through minority religious and ethnic identities in superdiverse urban centres. It focuses on a mosque’s application for planning permission in an area with a sizable Jewish population. Contestations and cooperation developed between the mosque and local Jewish communities, with some offering support while others mobilised, eventually successfully, to prevent planning permission being granted. Power differentials around race, class, religious affiliation and access to political power structures emerge in these instances, in which the impacts of racialisations, societal anxiety and communal hierarchy are sometimes overt and sometimes subtle. These complex and multifaceted events can be productively viewed through the narratives that circulate through local relations, social hierarchies, national discourses and culturally charged communal entanglements. This article draws on mixed methods of interviewing, press and social media analysis, and ethnographic observations to explore religious spaces as a lens to local encounters, in a manner that seeks to avoid direct involvement in an already complex incident.