bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Efficacy of Fish Oral Vaccine against Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Tank Trials
Authors: Argayosa Anacleto M. , Santos Mary Nia M. , Argayosa Vina B. , Pakingking, Jr. Rolando V. , Buhian William , Salvador Mizpah L. , Teh Rosaneth E.
Published: June 2024

The Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas species has been a serious problem in fish health management particularly in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus). This study characterized an Aeromonas species isolated from farmed tilapia fingerlings in Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines, and tested for its pathogenicity in tank trials. We designated this isolate as Aeromonas veronii DFR01 (Diseased Fish Rizal) based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, 16S rRNA homology and MALDI-TOF MS identification with its biochemical profile generated from API and BiOLOG Gen III systems. A median lethal dose of A. veronii DFR01 was determined at 107 CFU/ml in tank trials and was utilized as whole cell inactivated antigen for oral vaccine development. The immunized tilapia fingerlings produced elevated levels of IgM in the blood as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The increase in IgM levels is significantly higher 14 days post vaccination. The relative IgM gene expression as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed increasing levels after vaccination until 38 days of culture. The vaccinated fish showed 25-35% cumulative mortalities compared to the non-vaccinated-challenged group. Results showing improved relative percent survival (RPS) rate in tilapia fingerlings and induced immune response after vaccination indicate the potential use of the oral vaccine in cultured tilapia.
Free Surface Energy and Hansen Solubility Parameters Vector Field. Interface Thickness
Authors: Bailón-Moreno Rafael , Bailón-Ruiz Miguel Ángel , Aljadiri Aqeel Shaikhah Arafat
Published: June 2024

A three-dimensional vector field model is proposed, whose dimensions are the Hansen Solubility Parameters: dispersion parameter (δD), polarity parameter (δP), and hydrogen bonding parameter (δH). The vector space that defines the field has the peculiarity of having the dispersion vector with a magnitude of 2, as its base vector, while polarity and hydrogen bonding vectors have a magnitude of 1. A substance is characterised as a position vector, and the interaction between two substances is determined by calculating the vector difference of both, known as the interaction vector. Interaction among substances may involve solubility, swelling, cracking, surface tension, interface tension, and any physical phenomena where intermolecular energies of dispersion, polarity or hydrogen bonding come into play. This paper studies free surface energy (surface and interfacial tension). It has been found that free surface energy is directly proportional to the square of the magnitude of the interaction vector. The proportionality constant, τ, is expressed in length units, has a value of 0.025 nm, and does not depend on the chemical nature of the substance or state of matter (solid, liquid or gas). Constant value τ appears universal and aligns with the thickness of interfaces, thereby supporting Guggenheim's hypothesis. This hypothesis asserts that interfaces possess actual thickness and are not merely mathematical surfaces, as originally postulated by Gibbs. Moreover, it also has been found that interface thickness, τ, is approximately equal to half of the Bohr radius, a0, which is defined by universal constants. Because the solubility parameters of thousands of substances are known and can be easily determined from molecular structure, a good approximation of the surface and interfacial tension of any given substance can now be calculated. It has also been found that contact angles of sessile droplets in three-phased systems can be calculated from the interaction vectors of the implicated substances.
Increasing Sustainable Economic Growth: Financial Performance and Capital Expenditures
Authors: Zein M. Harry Mulya , Muhtarom Muhtarom , Septiani Sisca
Published: June 2024

The financial performance of local governments is closely related to the economic growth of a region. Strong financial performance provides a solid foundation for sustainable economic development. This study analyses the relationship between local government financial performance, capital expenditure, and sustainable economic growth in Banten Province. A quantitative approach was employed, using secondary data from Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budgets and economic growth statistics. Purposive sampling was utilised, and data analysis was conducted using Path Analysis. The findings reveal that several financial ratio variables significantly impact economic growth directly and indirectly through capital expenditure as a mediating variable. Directly, the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, fiscal decentralisation ratio, dependency ratio, and capital expenditure significantly influence economic growth. The independence and effectiveness ratios have a positive impact, indicating that improvements in these variables directly foster economic growth. However, the efficiency and fiscal decentralisation ratios have a negative impact, suggesting that increases in these variables may reduce economic growth. Indirectly, through capital expenditure, the independence, effectiveness, dependency, and compatibility ratios significantly affect economic growth, with the independence ratio being the most dominant. Conversely, the fiscal decentralisation and efficiency ratios do not show significant indirect effects, indicating that capital expenditure is not an effective mediator for these variables.
Cyanobacterial Blooms Formation by Enhanced Ecological Adaptability and Competitive Advantage of Microcystis— Non-Negligible Role of Quorum-Sensing
Authors: Zhang Ziqing , Li Jieming
Published: June 2024

Microcystis-dominated cyanobacterial blooms (MCBs) frequently occur in freshwaters worldwide due to massive Microcystis colonies formation and severely threaten human and ecosystems health. Quorum sensing (QS) is a direct cause of Microcystis colonies formation, possibly regulating MCBs occur and Microcystis population behaviors [1, 2]. Many novel findings in fundamental knowledge of Microcystis QS phenomenon and the signaling molecules have been documented. However, little effort has devoted to comprehensively summarize and discuss research progresses and exploration direction on QS signaling molecules-mediated QS system in Microcystis. This article summarizes action process of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as major signaling molecules in Microcystis and discussed the detailed roles of AHLs-mediated QS system in cells aggregation, colonies formation, ecological adaptability and competitive advantage. And the progress was summarized in research on the QS mechanism in Microcystis. Compared to other QS system, the LuxI/LuxR-type QS system is more likely to found in Microcystis. Also, we introduced Quorum quenching (QQ) — QS blocking process in Microcystis, with emphasizing on the potential of QS inhibitors in MCBs control. Finally, in response to the research deficiencies and gaps in Microcystis QS and QQ, we proposed several future research directions in these fields. This review may deepen the understanding of Microcystis QS knowledge and provide theoretical guidance for the development of strategies to monitor, control and harness MCBs.
Characterization of Great Toe Extension Strength Using ToeScale - A Novel Portable Device
Authors: Chandrashekhar Raghuveer , Fonseca Perez Luciana , Wang Hongwu
Published: June 2024

Great toe strength (GTS) weakness is linked to declines in balance and mobility. Assessing GTS, particularly great toe extension strength (GTES) accurately is often neglected in clinical evaluations due to cumbersome and subjective methods. This study aims to characterize the force development curve output from the ToeScale and examine GTES variations with age, sex, BMI, and grip strength (GS) using traditional analyses and machine learning (ML). We conducted a pilot, cross-sectional feasibility study with convenience samples. We assessed GS using a hand-grip dynamometer and GTES using the ToeScale. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, independent samples t-tests, and accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) scores for three ML models. Thirty-one participants (Males: 9, Females: 22), 14 young (18-24 years), and 17 older (>65 years) adults participated in the study. Males had significantly higher peak GTES than females in both age groups. Associations between GTES parameters with BMI and GS varied by age and sex. ML model accuracies and AUC scores were low-moderate but aligned with traditional analyses. Future studies with larger samples and optimized ML models are needed.
Functional, Chemical and Phytotoxic Characteristics of Cestrum parqui L’Herit: An Overview
Authors: Di Meo Maria Chiara , Di Marino CInzia , Napoletano Pasquale , De Marco Anna , Bianchi Anna Rita , Pedatella Silvana , Palatucci Domenico
Published: June 2024

Cestrum parqui L'Herit. (Solanaceae family) is a species of forest shrub, self-incompatible and specialized in pollination, widespread in the subtropical area of the planet and now widely dis-tributed also in the Mediterranean area. The constituents of its leaves have antimicrobial, anti-cancer, insecticidal, antifeedant, and herbicidal properties. The spread of this species represents a valuable source of compounds with high biological value. Research on potential uses, under-standing of the nutritional and functional composition, and applications of C. parqui extracts is important and very promising for its commercial use. To date, there are some reports on the potential applications of C. parqui extracts as selective natural pesticides and for their potential phytotoxic role. Scientific knowledge and the use of extraction techniques for these components are essential for commercial applications. This article summarizes the research and recent studies available on the botany, phytochemistry, functional properties, and commercial applications of C. parqui as a biopesticide.
Open-Source Database for Modeling Cislunar Debris Propagation
Authors: Lopez Castro Marta , Hudson Zachariah , Canales David
Published: June 2024

As operations in Cislunar space continue to expand, the sustainability of operations in orbital environments beyond GEO has become a critical concern. The Cislunar region is known to have a higher non-linear chaotic component in the dynamics compared to the low-Earth environment. This research is focused on producing simulations to model debris trajectories and dispersion from spacecraft mishaps across various identified key Cislunar orbits. By varying initial conditions, simulations of explosions at different locations of the orbits are carried out and the debris propagation is analyzed. This research emphasizes the creation of a robust debris propagation scheme and the development of a comprehensive database to address the computational costs associated with debris propagation. The resulting codes and databases documenting the historical evolution of debris are published as open-source resources, aiming to aid in solving the Cislunar space debris and traffic problem and in forecasting future needs and policies.
Benralizumab: The Immuno-Pharmacological State of the Art
Authors: Vultaggio Alessandra , Benci Marco , Bergantini Laura , Crimi Claudia , Malerba Laura , Matucci Andrea , Menzella Francesco , Schroeder Jan Walter , Senna Gianenrico , Vetriolo Carola , Cameli Paolo
Published: June 2024

Eosinophils are key therapeutic targets in severe asthma as they accumulate in tissues, resulting in local damage through the release of toxic mediators. Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody with a direct anti-eosinophilic activity that has proved significant clinical efficacy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, and its use in real-life went well beyond what we had expected from the pivotal trials, especially in the reduction of asthma exacerbations and oral steroids usage. Benralizumab induces eosinophil apoptosis due to a mechanism of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells. Within this review, we will discuss benralizumab pharmacological and pharmacokinetic aspects in the treatment of severe asthma, with an emphasis on the novel immunological effects of benralizumab on NK cells. Overall, these findings account for the clinical efficacy and safety profile of benralizuamb, previously described in patients with an eosinophilic phenotype of the disease.
Wheat Straw Ash and Silica Fume Replacing Model for Lowering the Carbon Footprint of Cement Paste
Authors: Bastías Bryan , González Marcelo , Valerio Guillermo , Guindos Pablo
Published: June 2024

A model for enabling the production of lower carbon cement paste is proposed in this research. The model is based on predicting the strength of cement pastes with partial replacement of wheat straw ash (WSA) and silica fume (SF), two major wastes of agricultural and industrial production. The model is set up based on response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design, and included a suite of mechanical tests with distinct replacements following a micro an meso characterization. The model shows capability for predicting strength of any cement paste, including partial substitution of WSA and/or SF at any combination level with excellent accuracy, which is verified with three validation mixtures demonstrating maximum errors of less than 6% at the three ages. The analysis of the response surface evidences that any cement replacement in the range of 0-20% WSA and above 5% SF allows the reduction of the carbon footprint by maximizing the incorporation of both wastes. The proposed model can be used by setting the required strength of cement paste and calculating the maximum possible replacement, which should contribute to making the construction industry more sustainable by utilizing local waste.
Significance and Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and its Bacterial Consortia
Authors: Torres María J , Bellido-Pedraza Carmen M , Llamas Angel
Published: June 2024

The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and cost-effective production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The utilization of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving to be valuable in different biotechnological fields, including treating various types of wastewaters, producing biofertilizers, and extracting various products from their biomass. Monoculture of the microalgae Chlamydomonas has been a prominent research model for many years, extensively utilized in studying photosynthesis, sulfur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, respiration, and flagella synthesis, among others. Recent re-search has increasingly recognized the potential of Chlamydomonas-bacteria consortia as a bio-technological tool for various applications. Bioremediation of wastewater using Chlamydomonas, and its bacterial consortia presents significant potential for the sustainable reduction of contam-inants, while also facilitating resource recovery and valorization of microalgal biomass. Using Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia as biofertilizers can offers several benefits, such as en-hancing crop yield, protecting crops, maintaining soil fertility and stability, aiding in CO2 miti-gation, and contributing to sustainable agriculture practices. Chlamydomonas-bacterial consortia play a significant role in the production of high-value products, particularly in biofuel and en-hancing H2 production. This review aims to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the po-tential of Chlamydomonas monoculture and its bacterial consortia, identifying current applications, and proposing new research and development directions to maximize its potential.
Construction Quality Evaluation of Concrete Structures in Hydraulic Tunnels Based on CWM-UM Modeling
Authors: Zhao Liang , He ChangHai , Luo Zhuangzhuang , Li Qingfu
Published: June 2024

The construction time of concrete structures in hydraulic tunnels is long, the construction environment is complex, and there are many influencing factors. The requirements for construction quality are high, not only to meet the strength requirements, but also to meet the design requirements of erosion resistance, crack resistance, and seepage resistance according to its specific operating environment. Therefore, evaluating the construction quality of concrete structures in hydraulic tunnels is of great significance. Considering the randomness and fuzziness of factors affecting the construction quality of concrete structures in hydraulic tunnels, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation model based on Combined Weighting (CWM) and Uncertainty Measurement Theory (UM). The IAHP method and CRITIC method are used to determine the subjective and objective weights of evaluation indicators, combined weighting is based on the principle of minimum entropy, and the UM method is used to evaluate the construction quality level. Finally, taking a hydraulic tunnel as an example, its construction quality grade is calculated to be III according to the evaluation model proposed in this paper, which matches with the engineering reality, and a comparative study is made with the mixture element topology theory at the same time. It is verified that the evaluation model can scientifically and reasonably evaluate the construction quality level of concrete structures in hydraulic tunnels.
Color stability of Single-Shade resin composites in direct restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Leal Caroline de Farias Charamba , Miranda Samille Biasi , Melo Everardo Lucena de Alves , Freitas Keitry , de Sousa Wesley Viana , Lins Rodrigo Barros Esteves , De Andrade Ana Karina Maciel , Montes Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende
Published: June 2024

The objective was to compare the color match and color stability behavior of single and multishade resin-based composites (RBCs) used for direct restorations. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the shade performance of single-shade RBCs in direct restorations were included. A search of the scientific literature was performed in 5 databases (April 2024). The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, calculating the risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the dichotomous outcome using a random effects model. Bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Four studies with 263 restorations analyzed were selected. The results showed comparable performance between single-shade RBCs and multishade RBCs in terms of color match and color stability over 12 months. Three studies had a low risk of bias with all expected results, and one study had some concerns. The certainty of evidence for color stability was considered low for all follow-up periods due to the small number of events and sample size. According to the United States Public Health Service Evaluation (USPHS) and the World Dental Federation (FDI), there is comparable clinical color performance between single-shade and multishade RBCs over 12 months.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Suicide Associating (ASA) Theory
Authors: RODRIGUES JULIANO FLAVIO , Araújo Filho Gerardo
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease still holds many mysteries that are yet to be revealed. Exploring the reasons behind the increase in suicidal behavior in patients undergoing promising treatments for Alzheimer's disease is a scientific endeavor. Research practices must be built upon strong theoretical frameworks that can guide the investigation. Throughout decades of professional experience in caring for suicidal individuals and elderly people with cognitive disorders, we have noticed a connection that requires further exploration. It seems that existential distress may trigger various outcomes. At one end of the spectrum, we observe individuals who strongly resist adverse situations, making them more prone to developing suicidal behaviors. At the other end, we see individuals who exert great biological effort to adapt to the ongoing stresses of life, with Alzheimer's disease being a neurological consequence of this adaptation. To develop our understanding, we conducted an existentialist analysis to conceptualize the underpinnings of the human experience in a stress-filled world.
Increasing the Photovoltaic Efficiency of Semiconductor (Cu1-xAgx)2ZnSnS4 Thin Thin Films through Ag Content Modification
Authors: M. Bakry A. , El-Sherif Lamiaa , Hassaballa S. , Shaaban Essam
Published: June 2024

The research that we are referring to examines the morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of kesterite (Cu1-xAgx)2ZnSnS4 (CAZTS) thin films, which are produced using a process known as thermal evaporation (TE). The study's main goal was to determine how different Ag contents affect the characteristics of CAZTS systems. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy: were used to confirm the crystal structure of the CAZTS thin films. Using a mathematical model of spectroscopic ellipsometry, the refractive index (n) represented the part of the complex refractive index, the extinction coefficient (k) portrayed the imaginary one, and also the energy band gap of the fabricated films were all calculated. The energy band gap of the thin films was also calculated. This is a crucial parameter for solar cell applications, as it determines the wavelength of light that the material can absorb. The energy band gap was found to decrease from 1.74 eV to 1.55 eV with increasing Ag content. The ITO/n-CdS/p-CAZTS/Mo heterojunction was well constructed, and the primary photovoltaic characteristics of the n-CdS/p-CAZTS junctions were examined for use in solar cells. Different Ag contents of the CAZTS layers were used to determine the dark and illumination (current-voltage) characteristics of the heterojunctions. The study's findings collectively point to CAZTS thin layers as potential absorber materials for solar cell applications.
An Online Identification Method for Mechanical Parameters of Dual-Inertia Servo System
Authors: Wang Bo , Ji Runze , Zhou Chengpeng , Liu Kai , Hua Wei , Ye Hairong
Published: June 2024

In a dual-inertia system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the elastic transmission mechanism, such as reducer and coupling, is prone to mechanical resonance, which reduces the precision of servo system transmission. Model prediction and introduction of state feedback are effective methods to suppress mechanical resonance, but the control parameters de-pend on the mechanical parameters of the system. Therefore, mechanical parameter identification is very necessary. In this paper, a forgetting factor recursive least square method is used to identify the mechanical parameters of the dual-inertia elastic system. Firstly, the mathematical model of the dual-inertia system is established and reasonably simplified. Then, the discrete function of the identification algorithm is constructed, and the motor speed and electromagnetic torque are sam-pled to achieve the on-line identification of the main mechanical parameters of the dual-inertia system, and the influencing factors of the identification accuracy are analyzed. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Novel OCT-Based Method to Measure Volumes of Retinal Specific Entities
Authors: Lippera Myrta , Ferrara Mariantonia , Spiess Karina , Alnafisee Nouf , Ally Naseer , Jalil Assad , Ivanova Tsveta , Moussa George
Published: June 2024

Objectives- The aim of the study is to describe and validate an optical-coherence-tomography (OCT) based method to easily calculate specific volumes, overcoming the inability of current OCT software to automate a volumetric analysis for specific entities in retinal pathologies. Methods- After manual drawing with caliper of the specific entity on linear OCT scans and consequent automated measurement of its area, the following formula was used for volumetric calculation: Volume [mm³] = ∑area [mm²] x OCT-scan distance [mm]. Two independent observers calculated the retinal volume (RV) in eyes with normal foveal profile (NFP) and compared it with the automated measurements performed by the OCT software; as well as the volume of the foveal cavity (FC) or foveoschisis (FS) in eyes with lamellar macular hole (LMH). The measurements were re-acquired after six weeks. Intra- and inter-observer variability and variability with automated RV calculations were analysed. Results- The study included 62 eyes: 30 NFP and 32 LMH eyes. High degree of agreement was determined for inter-observer and intra-observer variability between the two observers or singular observer with Spectralis for RV in NFP eyes; as well as between the two observers for FC/FS volume in LMH eyes. Conclusions- We describe and validate, showing excellent inter- and intra-observer agreement, an easy, reliable and widely applicable method to calculate volumes which can be applied to any entity requiring a specific study in the context of retinal pathologies.
Male Morphological Dimorphism in the Genji Firefly Nipponoluciola cruciata in Central Japan
Authors: Iguchi Yutaka
Published: June 2024

The Japanese Genji firefly Nipponoluciola cruciata is famous for geographic variation in flash pattern. Such geographic variation has also been well studied in terms of ecology and molecular phylogeny. However, there are very few studies on geographic variation in morphology of this species. This study focused on morphological characteristics of males of this species in Yamanashi and Gunma Prefectures separated by the Kanto Mountains in central Japan. Previous studies have shown that this species in the two prefectures exhibits different genetic features as well as different flash patterns. This study aimed to explore morphological characteristics of males of this species and performed multivariate analysis using measurements previously published in the literature. As a result, allometric analysis between body length and elytra width suggested that this species exhibits different allometric patterns between the two prefectures. Moreover, cluster analysis of measurements of genitalia suggested that this species is completely separated into two different groups between the two prefectures. These results suggest the importance of further morphological studies to clarify the divergence of this species.
Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 and MYC3 Are Involved in Ethylene-Regulated Hypocotyl Growth as Negative Regulators
Authors: Li Yuke , Cheng Ying , Wei Fan , Liu Yingxiao , Zhu Ruojia , Zhao Pingxia , Zhang Jing , Xiang Chengbin , Kang Erfang , Shang Zhonglin
Published: June 2024

The ethylene-regulated hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana's involves many transcription factors. The specific role of MYC transcription factors in ethylene signal transduction is not completely understood. The results here revealed that two MYCs, MYC2 and MYC3, act as negative regulators in ethylene-suppressed hypocotyl elongation. Etiolated seedlings of the lost-of-function mutant of MYC2 or MYC3 were longer than wild type seedlings. Single- or double-null mutants of MYC2 and MYC3 displayed an enhanced response to ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate), the ethylene precursor, compared to wild type seedlings. MYC2 and MYC3 directly bind to the promoter zone of ERF1, suppressing its expression. Additionally, EIN3, a key component in ethylene signaling, interacts with MYC2 or MYC3 and suppresses their binding to ERF1’s promoter. MYC2 and MYC3 play crucial roles in the ethylene-regulated expression of functional genes. The results revealed these transcription factors’ novel role and functional mechanism in ethylene signal transduction.
Transversus Abdominis Plane with Rectus Sheath Blocks versus Port Site Infiltration of Local Anaesthesia in Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Does It Reduce Postoperative Opiate Requirement? A Pilot Study
Authors: Izwan Sara , Malhotra Tanishk , Vemuru Ujvala , Cooper Michelle
Published: June 2024

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard of treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease. The aim of this study is to determine if postoperative opiate use is reduced with trans-versus abdominus plane (TAP) and rectus sheath (RS) regional anaesthetic blocks compared to port site local anaesthetic (LA) infiltration. A prospective, randomised cohort study was con-ducted of adult patients who underwent an emergency LC between 25 April 2022 and 25 May 2023. 40mls of 0.375% ropivacaine was infiltrated as either TAP and RS blocks or to port sites. Patient demographics, operative data and postoperative opioid use were collected from the med-ical record. 138 patients were enrolled in this study; 73 patients allocated to the LA to port sites cohort (52.9%) and 65 patients in the TAP and RS cohort (43.5%). The most common indication for surgery was acute cholecystitis. The average amount of opiate analgesia use was 115.2mg in the LA group compared to 61.2mg in the TAP and RS group (p
Construction and Stability of All-in-One Adenovirus Vectors Simultaneously Expressing Four and Eight Multiplex Guide RNAs and Cas9 Nickase
Authors: Nakahara Tomomi , Tabata Hirotaka , Kato Yuya , Fuse Ryoko , Nakamura Mariko , Yamaji Megumi , Hattori Nobutaka , Kiyono Tohru , Saito Izumu , Nakanishi Tomoko
Published: June 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 technology is expected to offer novel genome editing-related therapies for various diseases. We previously showed that an adenovirus vector (AdV) possessing eight expression units of multiplex guide RNAs (gRNAs) was obtained with no deletion of these units. Here, we attempted to construct “all-in-one” AdVs possessing expression units of four and eight gRNAs with Cas9 nickase. We expected this to be difficult because extremely high copies of viral genomes during replication may cause severe off-target cleavages of host cells and induce homologous recombination. However, four units in the all-in-one AdV genome were maintained completely intact. For all-in-one AdV containing eight gRNA units, we shortened the U6 promoter of the gRNA expression units and enlarged the E3 deletion in the vector backbone to shorten the AdV genome within the adenovirus packaging limits. The final size of the all-in-one AdV genome containing eight gRNA units still slightly exceeded the reported upper limit. Nevertheless, approximately one-third of the eight units remained intact even upon preparation for in vivo experiments. Although the genome editing efficiency unexpectedly decreased upon enlarging the E3 deletion, our results suggested that all-in-one AdVs containing four and eight intact gRNA units could be obtained if the problems caused by the excessive size of the vector genome are solved.
Exploring the Impact of Collaborative Practices on Supply Chain Resilience
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

The dynamic and unpredictable nature of modern supply chains necessitates the development of resilient systems capable of withstanding various disruptions. This qualitative study examines the impact of collaborative practices on supply chain resilience, providing an in-depth analysis of their contributions to the robustness and adaptability of supply chains. Through extensive interviews with industry professionals, including supply chain managers, logistics coordinators, and strategic planners, the study identifies key collaborative practices—such as information sharing, joint decision-making, and coordinated response strategies—that significantly enhance resilience. These practices facilitate proactive risk management, improve response times during disruptions, and foster innovation through shared knowledge and resources. Thematic analysis of the collected data reveals that strong relationships among supply chain partners and integrated approaches that leverage each participant's strengths are crucial for effective risk mitigation and recovery. Additionally, the study underscores the role of technology in enabling real-time information sharing and decision-making, which are essential for effective collaboration. The findings highlight the importance of investing in robust collaborative networks and adopting supportive technologies to enhance communication and coordination. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering a nuanced understanding of how strategic implementation of collaborative practices can build more resilient supply chains. It provides practical recommendations for businesses seeking to improve their resilience, emphasizing the qualitative aspects of collaboration and its impact on supply chain management. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive exploration of how collaboration can bolster supply chain resilience, offering valuable insights for practitioners and scholars focused on creating stable and sustainable supply chain operations in the face of growing uncertainties.
Assessing Hydrogen Embrittlement in Pipeline Steels for Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends: Implications for Existing Infrastructure
Authors: Ghadiani Hesamedin , Farhat Zoheir N. , Alam Tahrim , Islam Md. Aminul
Published: June 2024

Governments worldwide are actively committed to achieving their carbon emission reduction targets, and one avenue under exploration is harnessing the potential of hydrogen. Blending hydrogen with natural gas is emerging as a promising strategy to reduce carbon emissions, as it burns cleanly without emitting carbon dioxide. This blending could significantly contribute to emissions reduction in both residential and commercial settings. However, a critical challenge associated with this approach is the potential for Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE), a phenomenon wherein the mechanical properties of pipe steels degrade due to the infiltration of hydrogen atoms into the metal lattice structure. This can result in sudden and sever failures when the steel is subjected to mechanical stress. To effectively implement hydrogen-natural gas blending, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of how hydrogen affects the integrity of pipe steel. This necessitates the development of robust experimental methodologies capable of monitoring the presence and impact of hydrogen within the microstructures of steel. Key techniques employed for this assessment include microscopic observation, hydrogen permeation tests, and tensile and fatigue testing. In this study, samples from two distinct types of pipeline steels used in the natural gas distribution network underwent rigorous examination. To induce hydrogen absorption, an electrochemical charging process is employed in a solution rich in H+ ions. This charging process, accomplished by a potentiostat applying a constant current, prompts the hydrogen evolution reaction at the steel specimen, acting as the cathode of the charging cell. Immediate tensile and fatigue testing following the charging process enables the evaluation of mechanical properties in comparison to non-charged samples. Different charging current densities are employed to simulate various hydrogen blend scenarios. The findings from this research indicate that charged samples exhibit a discernible decline in fatigue and tensile properties. This deterioration is attributed to embrittlement and reduced ductility stemming from the infiltration of hydrogen into the steel matrix. The extent of degradation in fatigue properties is correlated not only to the hydrogen content but also to the hydrogen permeability and diffusion rate influenced by steel’s microstructural features, with higher charging current densities indicating a more significant presence of hydrogen in the natural gas pipeline blend.
Interface Design For Autism In An Ever-Updating World
Authors: Sawyer Lewis D. , Palaniappan Ramaswamy
Published: June 2024

Users with Autism Spectrum Disorder may find human-computer interaction (HCI) challenging due to a number of symptoms experienced, one of which is difficulty coping with change. Through capturing, comparing and statistically analysing the reactions of autistic and neurotypical users to seven individual design changes, it has been possible to identify the changes that cause significant difficulty in autistic users. These difficulty points were then used to form heuristics that can followed by HCI practitioners in the industry to reduce the negative impact of software interface design change on autistic users, hence making software updates more accessible.
The Next Frontier in Tuberculosis Investigation: Automated Whole Genome Sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Analysis
Authors: Ng Justin H.J. , Castro Lina , Gorzalski Andrew , Allred Adam , Siao Danielle , Wong Edwina , Lin Andrew , Shokralla Shadi , Pandori Mark , Masinde Godfred , Khaksar Ramin
Published: June 2024

A fully automated bacteria whole genome sequencing (WGS) assay was evaluated to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium (NTM) clinical isolates. Results generated were highly reproducible with 100% concordance in species and sub-lineage classification, and 92% concordance between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypic and phenotypic profiles. These findings demonstrate that a fully automated WGS assay, with a short turnaround time of 24.5 hours, provides timely and valuable insights into MTB outbreak investigation while providing reliable genotypic AMR profiling consistent with traditional antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST). This study establishes a favorable proposition in the adoption of an end-to-end fully automated WGS solutions for decentralized TB diagnostics, thereby aiding in WHO’s vision of tuberculosis eradication.
Postindustrial Jute Waste as a Support for Nano-carbon Nitride Photocatalyst: Influence of the Chemical Pretreatment
Authors: Carević Milica V. , Vulić Tatjana D. , Šaponjić Zoran V. , Abazović Nadica D. , Čomor Mirjana I.
Published: June 2024

Non-woven jute (NWJ) produced from the carpet industry waste was oxidized by H2O2 or alkali treated by NaOH and compared with water-washed samples. Changes in the structure of the NWJ, tracked by XRD, showing that both chemical treatments disrupt hydrogen bond networks between cellulose Iβ chains of the NWЈ fibers. Thereafter, nano carbon nitride (nCN) was impregnated, using layer-by-layer technique, onto water washed jute sample (nCN-Jw), NaOH treated sample (nCN-Ja) and H2O2 treated sample (nCN-Jo). Analysis of the FTIR spectra of the impregnated samples, revealed that nCN anchors to the water washed NWЈ surface through hemicellulose and secondary hydroxyl groups of the cellulose. In the case of chemically treated samples nCN is preferentially bonded to the hydroxymethyl groups of cellulose. The stability and reusability of nCN-J samples were assessed by tracking the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye under simulated solar light irradiation. Results from up to ten consecutive photocatalytic cycles demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness across different samples. nCN-Jo and nCN-Ja samples exhibited declining effectiveness over cycles, attributed to bond instability between CN and jute. In contrast, the nCN-Jw sample consistently maintained high degradation rates over ten cycles, with a dye removal percentage constantly above 90%.
Reimagining Electric Vehicles for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Mbusi Andrew Joseph
Published: June 2024

Early in the middle of the 1800s. Up until about 1900, the automotive land speed record 1 was held by an electrical vehicle. Unfortunately, internal combustion engine vehicles did not do 2 well in the market due to their high cost, limited speed, and short range in the 20th century, which 3 resulted in a global fall in their use as private motor vehicles. Since there are no fuel emissions into 4 the environment, there are important uses for electrical vehicles, Electric cars, or EVs, have a closed 5 circuit, cheap operating costs, no maintenance requirements, and excellent performance. The goal 6 of this project is to assess the current state of electric vehicles and the issues surrounding the global 7 advancement of electric vehicle technology. Because of the changing climate.8
Atomistic modeling of high-speed laser action on thin gold film: determination of main mechnaisms of ablation
Authors: Mazhukin Vladimir Ivanovich , Shapranov Aleksandr Viktorovich , Demin Mikhail Mikhailovich , Koroleva Olga Nikolaevna
Published: June 2024

The action of an ultrashort laser pulse on a thin gold film was studied using a single-speed nonequilibrium combined continuum-atomistic model, which was further developed in the work. Three ablation modes were studied: supercritical expansion, phase explosion and mechanical spallation. The simulation results are compared with experimental data. The dependence of the amount of removed substance on the fluence of laser radiation was obtained.
SPECIFIC ENERGY CAPACITY OF PROCESSING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR PROCESS OF GRINDING WITH WHEELS FROM SUPERHARD MATERIALS
Authors: Lavrinenko Valerii , Solod Volodymyr , Dasic Predrag , Ostroverkh Yevgeniy
Published: June 2024

The analysis of modern research shows that when evaluating the specific energy intensity of the abrasive processing process, one should pay attention not only to the indicators of grinding power and material removal rate, but also to the indicator of the wear of the abrasive tool, which we will show below for the grinding tool made of superhard materials. It is shown that the traditional method of estimating the specific energy capacity based on the ratio of the grinding power to the processing productivity does not provide an adequate solution, since with it the specific heat capacity of processing exceeds the specific heat capacity of melting of the processing material by almost an order of magnitude. Therefore, it is the application of a new approach to the assessment of the specific energy intensity of diamond grinding, taking into account the wear of the working layer of the diamond wheel, and makes it possible to estimate the indicators of the specific energy intensity of grinding and the energy efficiency coefficient. It has been proven that when estimating the specific energy capacity of grinding metal-ceramic composite materials consisting of a low-melting and refractory component, the latent heat capacity of melting of the low-melting component should be taken as the basis. It is shown that the plastic mode of grinding occurs precisely when the specific energy capacity of grinding, taking into account the wear of the wheel, becomes close to the specific heat capacity of melting of a brittle material.
El impacto de la Realidad Aumentada en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ruiz Ortiz Ismael
Published: June 2024

La Realidad Aumentada (RA) permite a aquella persona que la utiliza tener una experiencia de interacción mixta entre el mundo real y el mundo virtual. Aunque es una tecnología emergente recientemente y en progresivo crecimiento y desarrollo, resulta, en gran parte, desconocida en el mundo educativo. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el impacto y el uso de la Realidad Aumentada como herramienta pedagógica en la Educación Primaria. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática con publicaciones entre el 2018 y el 2022. Se han seleccionado 10 estudios de tres bases de datos diferentes (Dialnet, Scopus y WoS). Los resultados sugieren, en gran parte, que la RA mejora y aumenta la motivación y el rendimiento académico en el alumnado. Sin embargo, existen estudios que demuestran que dicho efecto es nulo en ambas dimensiones.
A Bi-level Programming Model for Optimal EV Charging Scheduling and Operation in Residential Communities
Authors: Zhu Gang , Gan Yan , Dai Zexing , Sun Hao
Published: June 2024

t: This study addresses the challenge of disorderly large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging 1 and its impact on distribution networks by focusing on residential communities as key EV gathering 2 places. We propose a dynamic pricing environment and develop a bi-level programming model 3 capturing the relationship between retailers and EV owners (EVOs). By transforming the bi-level 4 programming into a mixed-integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 5 conditions and the duality theorem, we obtain an optimal pricing strategy that benefits both parties. 6 We conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the impact of various factors on the pricing strategy, 7 offering insights for retailers’ scheduling and operational decisions. The efficacy of the proposed 8 algorithm is demonstrated through a case study, highlighting its potential to guide decisions for both 9 retailers and EVOs in residential community EV charging. This work contributes to managing the 10 increasing prevalence of electric vehicles and their impact on power distribution networks, fostering 11 sustainable and efficient energy management strategies in residential communities.
Contrasting effects of fire and rodent competition on western harvester ant activity and disk formation
Authors: Pienaar Ryan , Bishop Tara B. B. , Clair Samuel B. St
Published: June 2024

Consumers exert top-down controls on dryland ecosystem function, but recent increased fire activity may alter consumer communities and their interactions in post-fire environments. Native consumers, including ants and rodents, likely have critical roles in defining post-fire plant community assembly and resilience to biological invasions. This study aimed to understand how western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) that form mounds and large vegetation-free disks in the Great Basin Desert respond to fire and rodent community abundance. We tested this by installing treatment plots that excluded or allowed rodents and were burned or unburned in a full factorial design. We measured ant disk and mound size and density, along with a direct measure of ant activity in each experimental plot. Fire increased ant mound density by 126% compared to unburned plots. Rodent presence decreased ant activity by 39%, mound density by 59%, mound diameter by 13%, and mound height by 166%. We also show an interaction where the adverse effects of rodents on ants were greater in burned than in unburned plots. These results suggest that more frequent fires are likely to benefit ants, and fluctuations in rodent populations are likely to affect ant activity and disks and alter their responses to fire.
Optimization of process variables viz., temperature and time for vacuum concentration of dragon fruit juice, it’s effect on TSS, water activity, total phenol content and antioxidant activity
Authors: X. Rosemary M. , J. Suresh G. , R. Venugopalan , R. Vasudeva K. , K. Sadananda G. , G. Karunakaran , K. Swamy G. S.
Published: June 2024

This study represents the pioneer investigation into the vacuum concentration process applied to dragon fruit juice, as per the available literature. It investigates the influence of temperature and processing time on the vacuum concentration of dragon fruit juice in rotary evaporator. Through systematic experimentation and statistical analysis by Response surface methodology (RSM), using Central composite design (CCD). Key parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), water activity, total betalain content, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results indicate significant effects of temperature and time on these parameters, with optimal conditions identified for maximizing TSS, betalain content, and antioxidant activity while minimizing water activity. Statistical modelling confirms the reliability of the findings, offering practical insights for optimizing the vacuum concentration process of dragon fruit juice to enhance its quality and handling efficiency.