bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which advises for primary food allergy prevention in normal or high‐risk infant?
Authors: Ricci Giampaolo , Cipriani Francesca
Published: September 2016

In the last decades, international guidelines proposed different strategies of complementary foods introduction during weaning to prevent allergy. Avoidance measures, such as late introduction of allergenic foods, failed to show a significant preventive effect towards allergy. Recently, prospective randomized controlled studies suggested that the early introduction of solid foods ‐ rather than the late introduction ‐ could be a strategy to prevent allergic sensitization and food allergy. However, at today clear evidence of effectiveness and safety of early introduction are not yet available to recommend a radical change in the current clinical practice. A realistic advice for the general population could be to begin the weaning at 4–5 months with the progressive introduction of different foods. The advices for introduction of solid foods during weaning should also take in consideration the global development of child to chose the better timing of introduction of foods.
Pediatric blood transfusion practices at a regional referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Nabwera Helen M. , Fegan Greg , Shavadia Jay , Denje Douglas , Mandaliya Kishor , Bates Imelda , Maitland Kathryn , Hassall Oliver W.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Severe anemia in children is a major public health problem in sub‐Saharan Africa. In this study we describe clinical and operational aspects of blood transfusion in children admitted to Coast Provincial General Hospital, Kenya.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This was an observational study where over a 2‐year period, demographic and laboratory data were collected on all children for whom the hospital blood bank received a transfusion request. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective review of case notes over the first year.

RESULTS

There were 2789 requests for blood for children (median age, 1.8 years; interquartile range [IQR], 0.6‐6.6 years); 70% (1950) of the samples were crossmatched with 85% (1663/1950) issued. Ninety percent (1505/1663) were presumed transfused. Median time from laboratory receipt of request to collection of blood was 3.6 hours (IQR, 1.4‐12.8 hr). Case notes of 590 children were reviewed and median pretransfusion hemoglobin level was 6.0 g/dL (IQR, 4.2‐9.1 g/dL). Ninety‐four percent (186) were transfused “appropriately” while 52% (120) were transfused “inappropriately.” There was significant disagreement between the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of severe anemia (exact McNemar's test; p < 0.0001). Antimalarials were prescribed for 65% (259) of children who received blood transfusions but only 41% (106) of these had a positive blood film.

CONCLUSION

In this setting, clinicians often order blood based on the clinical impression of “severe anemia.” This has implications for laboratory workload and the blood supply itself. However, the majority of children with severe anemia were appropriately transfused. The use of antimalarials with blood transfusions irrespective of blood film results is common practice.
Characterization of immunogenic Neu5Gc in bioprosthetic heart valves
Authors: Reuven Eliran Moshe , Leviatan Ben‐Arye Shani , Marshanski Tal , Breimer Michael E. , Yu Hai , Fellah‐Hebia Imen , Roussel Jean‐Christian , Costa Cristina , Galiñanes Manuel , Mañez Rafael , Le Tourneau Thierry , Soulillou Jean‐Paul , Cozzi Emanuele , Chen Xi , Padler‐Karavani Vered
Published: September 2016

Background

The two common sialic acids (Sias) in mammals are N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Unlike most mammals, humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc that is considered foreign and recognized by circulating antibodies. Thus, Neu5Gc is a potential xenogenic carbohydrate antigen in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) that tend to deteriorate in time within human patients.

Methods

We investigated Neu5Gc expression in non‐engineered animal‐derived cardiac tissues and in clinically used commercial BHV, and evaluated Neu5Gc immunogenicity on BHV through recognition by human anti‐Neu5Gc IgG.

Results

Neu5Gc was detected by immunohistochemistry in porcine aortic valves and in porcine and bovine pericardium. Qualitative analysis of Sia linkages revealed Siaα2‐3>Siaα2‐6 on porcine/bovine pericardium while the opposite in porcine aortic/pulmonary valve cusps. Similarly, six commercial BHV containing either porcine aortic valve or porcine/bovine/equine pericardium revealed Siaα2‐3>Siaα2‐6 expression. Quantitative analysis of Sia by HPLC showed porcine/bovine pericardium express 4‐fold higher Neu5Gc levels compared to the porcine aortic/pulmonary valves, with Neu5Ac at 6‐fold over Neu5Gc. Likewise, Neu5Gc was expressed on commercial BHV (186.3±16.9 pmol Sia/μg protein), with Neu5Ac at 8‐fold over Neu5Gc. Affinity‐purified human anti‐Neu5Gc IgG showing high specificity toward Neu5Gc‐glycans (with no binding to Neu5Ac‐glycans) on a glycan microarray, strongly bound to all tested commercial BHV, demonstrating Neu5Gc immune recognition in cardiac xenografts.

Conclusions

We conclusively demonstrated Neu5Gc expression in native cardiac tissues, as well as in six commercial BHV. These Neu5Gc xeno‐antigens were recognized by human anti‐Neu5Gc IgG, supporting their immunogenicity. Altogether, these findings suggest BHV‐Neu5Gc/anti‐Neu5Gc may play a role in valve deterioration warranting further investigation.
Polishing Characteristics of Transparent Polycrystalline Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Ceramics Using Magnetic Field-Assisted Finishing
Authors: Ross Daniel , Wang Yanming , Ramadhan Hadyan , Yamaguchi Hitomi
Published: September 2016

Transparent polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics have garnered an increased level of interest for high-power laser applications due to their ability to be manufactured in large sizes and to be doped in relatively substantial concentrations. However, surface characteristics have a direct effect on the lasing ability of these materials, and a lack of a fundamental understanding of the polishing mechanisms of these ceramics remains a challenge to their utilization. The aim of this paper is to study the polishing characteristics of YAG ceramics using magnetic field-assisted finishing (MAF). MAF is a useful process for studying the polishing characteristics of a material due to the extensive variability of, and fine control over, the polishing parameters. An experimental setup was developed for YAG ceramic workpieces, and using this equipment with diamond abrasives, the surfaces were polished to subnanometer scales. When polishing these subnanometer surfaces with 0–0.1 μm mean diameter diamond abrasive, the severity of the initial surface defects governed whether improvements to the surface would occur at these locations. Polishing subnanometer surfaces with colloidal silica abrasive caused a worsening of defects, resulting in increasing roughness. Colloidal silica causes uneven material removal between grains and an increase in material removal at grain boundaries causing the grain structure of the YAG ceramic workpiece to become pronounced. This effect also occurred with either abrasive when polishing with iron particles, used in MAF to press abrasives against a workpiece surface, that are smaller than the grain size of the YAG ceramic.
Scalable Manufacturing of Metal Nanoparticles by Thermal Fiber Drawing
Authors: Zhao Jingzhou , Javadi Abdolreza , Lin Ting-Chiang , Hwang Injoo , Yang Yingchao , Guan Zeyi , Li Xiaochun
Published: September 2016

Thermal fiber drawing has emerged as a novel process for the continuous manufacturing of semiconductor and polymer nanoparticles. Yet a scalable production of metal nanoparticles by thermal drawing is not reported due to the low viscosity and high surface tension of molten metals. Here, we present a generic method for the scalable nanomanufacturing of metal nanoparticles via thermal drawing based on droplet break-up emulsification of immiscible polymer/metal systems. We experimentally show the scalable manufacturing of metal Sn nanoparticles (<100 nm) in polyethersulfone (PES) fibers as a model system. The underlying mechanism for the particle formation is revealed, and a strategy for the particle diameter control is proposed. This process opens a new pathway for scalable manufacturing of metal nanoparticles from liquid state facilitated solely by the hydrodynamic forces, which may find exciting photonic, electrical, or energy applications.
An investigation of sex differences in acoustic features in black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) chick-a-dee calls
Authors: Campbell Kimberley A. , Hahn Allison H. , Congdon Jenna V. , Sturdy Christopher B.
Published: September 2016

Sex differences have been identified in a number of black-capped chickadee vocalizations and in the chick-a-dee calls of other chickadee species [i.e., Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis)]. In the current study, 12 acoustic features in black-capped chickadee chick-a-dee calls were investigated, including both frequency and duration measurements. Using permuted discriminant function analyses, these features were examined to determine if any features could be used to identify the sex of the caller. Only one note type (A notes) classified male and female calls at levels approaching significance. In particular, a permuted discriminant function analysis revealed that the start frequency of A notes best allowed for categorization between the sexes compared to any other acoustic parameter. This finding is consistent with previous research on Carolina chickadee chick-a-dee calls that found that the starting frequency differed between male- and female-produced A notes [Freeberg, Lucas, and Clucas (2003). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2127–2136]. Taken together, these results and the results of studies with other chickadee species suggest that sex differences likely exist in the chick-a-dee call, specifically acoustic features in A notes, but that more complex features than those addressed here may be associated with the sex of the caller.
Microbiome Changes during Tuberculosis and Antituberculous Therapy
Authors: Hong Bo-Young , Maulén Nancy Paula , Adami Alexander J. , Granados Hector , Balcells María Elvira , Cervantes Jorge
Published: September 2016

The critical role of commensal microbiota in the human body has been increasingly recognized, and our understanding of its implications in human health and disease has expanded rapidly. The lower respiratory tract contains diverse communities of microbes known as lung microbiota, which are present in healthy individuals and in individuals with respiratory diseases. The dysbiosis of the airway microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may play a role in the pathophysiological processes associated with TB disease. Recent studies of the lung microbiome have pointed out changes in lung microbial communities associated with TB and other lung diseases and have also begun to elucidate the profound effects that antituberculous drug therapy can have on the human lung microbiome composition. In this review, the potential role of the human microbiome in TB pathogenesis and the changes in the human microbiome with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection and TB therapy are presented and discussed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Kosakonia sacchari Strain BO-1, an Endophytic Diazotroph Isolated from a Sweet Potato
Authors: Shinjo Rina , Uesaka Kazuma , Ihara Kunio , Loshakova Kseniia , Mizuno Yuri , Yano Katsuya , Tanaka Aiko
Published: September 2016

The complete genome sequence of the endophytic diazotroph
Kosakonia sacchari
, isolated from a sweet potato, was analyzed. The 4,902,106-bp genome with 53.7% G+C content comprises 4,638 open reading frames, including
nif
genes, 84 tRNAs, and seven complete rRNAs in a circular chromosome.
Draft Genome Sequences of 15 Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a, Subgroup ST204
Authors: Allnutt Theodore R. , Bradbury Mark I. , Fanning Séamus , Chandry P. Scott , Fox Edward M.
Published: September 2016

Listeria monocytogenes
sequence type 204 (ST204) strains have been isolated from a range of food, environmental, and clinical sources in Australia. This study describes the draft genome sequences of 15 isolates collected from meat and dairy associated sources.
Genome Sequence of
Marinobacter
sp. Strain MCTG268 Isolated from the Cosmopolitan Marine Diatom
Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Gutierrez Tony , Whitman William B. , Huntemann Marcel , Copeland Alex , Chen Amy , Kyrpides Nikos , Markowitz Victor , Pillay Manoj , Ivanova Natalia , Mikhailova Natalia , Ovchinnikova Galina , Andersen Evan , Pati Amrita , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Chovatia Mansi , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Cantor Michael N. , Woyke Tanja
Published: September 2016

Marinobacter
sp. strain MCTG268 was isolated from the cosmopolitan marine diatom
Skeletonema costatum
and can degrade oil hydrocarbons as sole sources of carbon and energy. Here, we present the genome sequence of this strain, which is 4,449,396 bp with 4,157 genes and an average G+C content of 57.0%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tepidimonas taiwanensis Strain VT154-175
Authors: Valeriani Federica , Biagini Tommaso , Giampaoli Saverio , Crognale Silvia , Santoni Daniele , Romano Spica Vincenzo
Published: September 2016

The slightly thermophilic bacterium
Tepidimonas taiwanensis
strain VT154-175 has been isolated from a hot spring in the area of Viterbo, Italy. The whole draft genome of 2.9 Mb obtained by paired-end next-generation sequencing and divided into 60 scaffolds is presented.
Draft Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Bataviae Strain LepIMR 22 Isolated from a Rodent in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Amran Fairuz , Mohd Khalid Mohd Khairul Nizam , Mohamad Saharuddin , Mat Ripen Adiratna , Ahmad Norazah , Goris Marga G. A. , Muhammad Ayu Haslin , Noor Halim Nurul Atiqah
Published: September 2016

Leptospira interrogans
serovar Bataviae was recently identified as one of the persistent
Leptospira
serovars in Malaysia. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
L. interrogans
serovar Bataviae strain LepIMR 22 isolated from kidney of a rodent in Johor, Malaysia.
Complete Genome Sequence of a South Korean Isolate of
Habenaria mosaic virus
Authors: Igori Davaajargal , Lim Seungmo , Zhao Fumei , Baek Dasom , Moon Jae Sun
Published: September 2016

Habenaria mosaic virus
(HaMV), a member of the genus
Potyvirus
in the family
Potyviridae
, was first discovered from
Habenaria radiata
in Japan
.
The complete genomic sequence of a South Korean isolate (PA1) of HaMV infecting
Plantago asiatica
L. was determined with high-throughput RNA sequencing.
Complete Genome Sequences of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Coresistance to First-Line Antimicrobials
Authors: Bharat Amrita , Martin Irene , Demczuk Walter , Allen Vanessa , Haldane David , Hoang Linda , Mulvey Michael R.
Published: September 2016

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
strains with coresistance to the first-line antimicrobial treatments azithromycin and ceftriaxone are an emerging public health threat. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of three strains of
N. gonorrhoeae
, including one susceptible strain and two strains with coresistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin.
Draft Genome Sequence of Two Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola Isolated from
Prunus persica
Which Are Dissimilar to Strains That Cause Bacterial Spot Disease on
Prunus
spp
Authors: Garita-Cambronero Jerson , Palacio-Bielsa Ana , López María M. , Cubero Jaime
Published: September 2016

The draft genome sequences of two strains of
Xanthomonas arboricola
, isolated from asymptomatic peach trees in Spain, are reported here. These strains are avirulent and do not belong to the same phylogroup as
X. arboricola
pv. pruni, a causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almonds.
Weight loss efficacy of a novel mobile Diabetes Prevention Program delivery platform with human coaching
Authors: Michaelides Andreas , Raby Christine , Wood Meghan , Farr Kit , Toro-Ramos Tatiana
Published: September 2016

Objective

To evaluate the weight loss efficacy of a novel mobile platform delivering the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Research Design and Methods

43 overweight or obese adult participants with a diagnosis of prediabetes signed-up to receive a 24-week virtual Diabetes Prevention Program with human coaching, through a mobile platform. Weight loss and engagement were the main outcomes, evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance, backward regression, and mediation regression.

Results

Weight loss at 16 and 24 weeks was significant, with 56% of starters and 64% of completers losing over 5% body weight. Mean weight loss at 24 weeks was 6.58% in starters and 7.5% in completers. Participants were highly engaged, with 84% of the sample completing 9 lessons or more. In-app actions related to self-monitoring significantly predicted weight loss.

Conclusions

Our findings support the effectiveness of a uniquely mobile prediabetes intervention, producing weight loss comparable to studies with high engagement, with potential for scalable population health management.
Fasting with diabetes: a prospective observational study
Authors: Noon Muhammad Jawad , Khawaja Haseeb Ahmad , Ishtiaq Osama , Khawaja Quratulain , Minhas Sana , Niazi Asfandyar Khan , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Malhi Umar Rasool
Published: September 2016

Objectives

To determine the proportion of diabetic patients who develop adverse glycaemic events when fasting regularly.

Design

Prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South Asia. Five hundred and twenty-three patients were assessed for eligibility, and 150 were included in the final analysis. Diabetic patients over 18 years of age who were willing to fast regularly and make a chart of their daily blood sugar levels were included in the study. The main outcome measures were hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic events. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for quantitative variables, while mean±SD were documented for qualitative variables. Relative risk was calculated as a measure of association.

Results

Of a total of 150 individuals, 10% experienced hypoglycaemia, while 3.3% reported hyperglycaemic episodes. Only 8.7% of the participants discontinued one or more fasts; however, none of them required hospitalisation. There is a negative association between a visit to a physician by diabetic patients before they begin to fast regularly and the risk of developing hypoglycaemia (relative risk 0.73).

Conclusions

Many diabetic patients who fast regularly are at high risk of adverse glycaemic events. Most diabetics do not consult their physicians before fasting to adjust medications and lifestyle. Various strategies should be planned and implemented for the awareness and education of such patients to avoid adverse glycaemic events and subsequent complications.
Subclonal diversity arises early even in small colorectal tumours and contributes to differential growth fates
Authors: Sievers Chelsie K , Zou Luli S , Pickhardt Perry J , Matkowskyj Kristina A , Albrecht Dawn M , Clipson Linda , Bacher Jeffery W , Pooler B Dustin , Moawad Fouad J , Cash Brooks D , Reichelderfer Mark , Vo Tien N , Newton Michael A , Larget Bret R , Halberg Richard B
Published: September 2016

Objective and design

The goal of the study was to determine whether the mutational profile of early colorectal polyps correlated with growth behaviour. The growth of small polyps (6–9 mm) that were first identified during routine screening of patients was monitored over time by interval imaging with CT colonography. Mutations in these lesions with known growth rates were identified by targeted next-generation sequencing. The timing of mutational events was estimated using computer modelling and statistical inference considering several parameters including allele frequency and fitness.

Results

The mutational landscape of small polyps is varied both within individual polyps and among the group as a whole but no single alteration was correlated with growth behaviour. Polyps carried 0–3 pathogenic mutations with the most frequent being inAPC,KRAS/NRAS,BRAF,FBXW7andTP53. In polyps with two or more pathogenic mutations, allele frequencies were often variable, indicating the presence of multiple populations within a single tumour. Based on computer modelling, detectable mutations occurred at a mean polyp size of 30±35 crypts, well before the tumour is of a clinically detectable size.

Conclusions

These data indicate that small colon polyps can have multiple pathogenic mutations in crucial driver genes that arise early in the existence of a tumour. Understanding the molecular pathway of tumourigenesis and clonal evolution in polyps that are at risk for progressing to invasive cancers will allow us to begin to better predict which polyps are more likely to progress into adenocarcinomas and which patients are at greater risk of developing advanced disease.
The Selberg–Weil–Kobayashi rigidity theorem: The rank one solvable case
Authors: Baklouti A. , Elaloui N. , Kedim I.
Published: September 2016

A local rigidity theorem was proved by Selberg and Weil for Riemannian symmetric spaces and generalized by Kobayashi for a non-Riemannian homogeneous space [Formula: see text], determining explicitly which homogeneous spaces [Formula: see text] allow nontrivial continuous deformations of co-compact discontinuous groups. When [Formula: see text] is assumed to be exponential solvable and [Formula: see text] is a maximal subgroup, an analog of such a theorem states that the local rigidity holds if and only if [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the group Aff([Formula: see text]) of affine transformations of the real line (cf. [L. Abdelmoula, A. Baklouti and I. Kédim, The Selberg–Weil–Kobayashi rigidity theorem for exponential Lie groups, Int. Math. Res. Not. 17 (2012) 4062–4084.]). The present paper deals with the more general context, when [Formula: see text] is a connected solvable Lie group and [Formula: see text] a maximal nonnormal subgroup of [Formula: see text]. We prove that any discontinuous group [Formula: see text] for a homogeneous space [Formula: see text] is abelian and at most of rank 2. Then we discuss an analog of the Selberg–Weil–Kobayashi local rigidity theorem in this solvable setting. In contrast to the semi-simple setting, the [Formula: see text]-action on [Formula: see text] is not always effective, and thus the space of group theoretic deformations (formal deformations) [Formula: see text] could be larger than geometric deformation spaces. We determine [Formula: see text] and also its quotient modulo uneffective parts when the rank [Formula: see text]. Unlike the context of exponential solvable case, we prove the existence of formal colored discontinuous groups. That is, the parameter space admits a mixture of locally rigid and formally nonrigid deformations.
Generalized Jacobi–Koornwinder’s-type Bernstein polynomials bases transformations
Authors: AlQudah Mohammad A. , AlMheidat Maalee N.
Published: September 2016

This paper provides an explicit closed form of generalized Jacobi–Koornwinder’s polynomials of degree [Formula: see text] in terms of the Bernstein basis of fixed degree [Formula: see text] Moreover, explicit forms of generalized Jacobi–Koornwinder’s type and Bernstein polynomials bases transformations are considered.
A note on smoothing properties of the Bergman projection
Authors: Ravisankar Sivaguru , Zeytuncu Yunus E.
Published: September 2016

Recently Herbig, McNeal, and Straube have showed that the Bergman projection of conjugate holomorphic functions is smooth up to the boundary on smoothly bounded domains that satisfy condition R. We show that a further smoothing property holds on a family of Reinhardt domains; namely, the Bergman projection of conjugate holomorphic functions is holomorphic past the boundary.
Optical absorption coefficients in GaN/Al(Ga)N double inverse parabolic quantum wells under static external electric field
Authors: El Kadadra A. , Fellaoui K. , Abouelaoualim D. , Oueriagli A.
Published: September 2016

In this work, we have investigated theoretically the effects of applied electric field on the linear and nonlinear optical properties in a GaN/Al[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]N double inverse parabolic quantum well for different Al concentrations at the well center. Our calculations are based on the potential morphing method in the effective mass approximation. The systematic theoretical investigation contains results with all possible combinations of the involved parameters, such as quantum well width, quantum barrier width, Al concentration at each well center and magnitude of the external electric field. Our results show that the electric fields strengths, the parameter of nanostructure and incident optical intensity have a great effect on the optical characteristics of these nanostructures. Thus, the absorption coefficients which can be suitable for great performance optical modulators and multiple infrared optical device applications can be easily obtained by tuning the external electric field value and the Al concentration at the well center.
Automatic Design and Yield Enhancement of Data Converters
Authors: Mirzaie Nahid , Shamsi Hossein , Byun Gyung-Su
Published: September 2016

Data converters play a key role in modern analog/mixed-signal systems. Accordingly, it is important to investigate their performance and yield under uncertain parameters over the design process. An efficient approach for automatic design and yield enhancement of data converters is presented. The proposed algorithm generates a general netlist for each data converter and improves transistor sizing to reach acceptable values for performance parameters with an evolutionary process, and finds the best yield simultaneously. The applied framework on two data converter structures demonstrates a reliable circuit with optimum performance, power consumption, and area overhead over a single evolutionary process in 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m technology.
Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration Index at Leaves using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Odabas Mehmet Serhat , Senyer Nurettin , Kayhan Gokhan , Ergun Erhan
Published: September 2016

In this study, the effectiveness of an SPAD-502 portable chlorophyll (Chl) meter was evaluated for estimating the Chl contents in leaves of some medicinal and aromatic plants. To predict the individual chlorophyll concentration indexes of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), mint (Mentha angustifolia L.), melissa (Melissa officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus sp.), and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.), models were developed using SPAD value. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and general regression neural network (GRNN) were used for determining the chlorophyll concentration indexes.
A subspecies of region crossing change, region freeze crossing change
Authors: Inoue Ayumu , Shimizu Ryo
Published: September 2016

We introduce a local move on a link diagram named a region freeze crossing change which is close to a region crossing change, but not the same. We study similarity and difference between region crossing change and region freeze crossing change.
Classification of fused links
Authors: Nasybullov Timur
Published: September 2016

We construct the complete invariant for fused links. It is proved that the set of equivalence classes of [Formula: see text]-component fused links is in one-to-one correspondence with the set of elements of the abelization [Formula: see text] up to conjugation by elements from the symmetric group [Formula: see text].
On groups Gnk, braids and Brunnian braids
Authors: Kim S. , Manturov V. O.
Published: September 2016

In [V. O. Manturov, arXiv:1501.05208v1 ], the second author defined the [Formula: see text]-free braid group with [Formula: see text] strands [Formula: see text]. These groups appear naturally as groups describing dynamical systems of [Formula: see text] particles in some “general position”. Moreover, in [V. O. Manturov and I. M. Nikonov, J. Knot Theory Ramification 24 (2015) 1541009] the second author and Nikonov showed that [Formula: see text] is closely related to classical braids. The authors showed that there are homomorphisms from the pure braids group on [Formula: see text] strands to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and they defined homomorphisms from [Formula: see text] to the free products of [Formula: see text]. That is, there are invariants for pure free braids by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

On the other hand in [D. A. Fedoseev and V. O. Manturov, J. Knot Theory Ramification 24(13) (2015) 1541005, 12 pages] Fedoseev and the second author studied classical braids with addition structures: parity and points on each strands. The authors showed that the parity, which is an abstract structure, has geometric meaning — points on strands. In [S. Kim, arXiv:submit/1548032], the first author studied [Formula: see text] with parity and points. the author constructed a homomorphism from [Formula: see text] to the group [Formula: see text] with parity.

In the present paper, we investigate the groups [Formula: see text] and extract new powerful invariants of classical braids from [Formula: see text]. In particular, these invariants allow one to distinguish the non-triviality of Brunnian braids.
Maximizing entropy measures for random dynamical systems
Authors: Bilbao Rafael A. , Oliveira Krerley
Published: September 2016

We prove the existence of relative maximal entropy measures for certain random dynamical systems of the type [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an invertibe map preserving an ergodic measure [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a local diffeomorphism of a compact Riemannian manifold exhibiting some non-uniform expansion. As a consequence of our proofs, we obtain an integral formula for the relative topological entropy as the integral of the logarithm of the topological degree of [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is topologically exact and the supremum of the topological degree of [Formula: see text] is finite, the maximizing measure is unique and positive on open sets.
Extensions and automorphisms of Lie algebras
Authors: Bardakov Valeriy G. , Singh Mahender
Published: September 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a short exact sequence of Lie algebras over a field [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is abelian. We show that the obstruction for a pair of automorphisms in [Formula: see text] to be induced by an automorphism in [Formula: see text] lies in the Lie algebra cohomology [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we obtain a four term exact sequence relating automorphisms, derivations and cohomology of Lie algebras. We also obtain a more explicit necessary and sufficient condition for a pair of automorphisms in [Formula: see text] to be induced by an automorphism in [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a free nilpotent Lie algebra of rank [Formula: see text] and step [Formula: see text].
Linearity defect of the residue field of short local rings
Authors: Maleki Rasoul Ahangari
Published: September 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a Noetherian local ring with maximal ideal [Formula: see text] and residue field [Formula: see text]. The linearity defect of a finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text], which is denoted [Formula: see text], is a numerical measure of how far [Formula: see text] is from having linear resolution. We study the linearity defect of the residue field. We give a positive answer to the question raised by Herzog and Iyengar of whether [Formula: see text] implies [Formula: see text], in the case when [Formula: see text].
Convergence rates of Kernel Conjugate Gradient for random design regression
Authors: Blanchard Gilles , Krämer Nicole
Published: September 2016

We prove statistical rates of convergence for kernel-based least squares regression from i.i.d. data using a conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, where regularization against overfitting is obtained by early stopping. This method is related to Kernel Partial Least Squares, a regression method that combines supervised dimensionality reduction with least squares projection. Following the setting introduced in earlier related literature, we study so-called “fast convergence rates” depending on the regularity of the target regression function (measured by a source condition in terms of the kernel integral operator) and on the effective dimensionality of the data mapped into the kernel space. We obtain upper bounds, essentially matching known minimax lower bounds, for the ℒ2 (prediction) norm as well as for the stronger Hilbert norm, if the true regression function belongs to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. If the latter assumption is not fulfilled, we obtain similar convergence rates for appropriate norms, provided additional unlabeled data are available.
Systematic investigation of the stability of all dihydro isomers of the more stable C38fullerene isomer with C2 symmetry
Authors: Hou Xiao-Yan , Kerim Ablikim
Published: September 2016

The local aromaticity of fullerene C[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] was studied using the bond resonance energy (BRE) method. The global aromaticity of all 349 possible isomers of C[Formula: see text]H2based on [Formula: see text] symmetry was investigated using the topological resonance energy (TRE) method. The TRE results show that most of the C[Formula: see text]H2isomers have greater stability than C[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]. Based on the BRE results, the preferred addition sites of hydrogen atoms are discussed. The relationship between the addition sites and BREs is analyzed and discussed. We found that the addition sites of hydrogen atoms are strongly dependent on the magnitude of the parent cage BRE values. The most stable isomers of C[Formula: see text]H2are often produced by diminishing of the [Formula: see text]-bonds from those sites in the parent cage at which are located the two carbon atoms with the lowest BRE values. Based on this rule, the preferred addition patterns for non-IPR fullerene cages can be easily predicted.
Analysis of multiple related phenotypes in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Oh Sohee , Huh Iksoo , Lee Seung Yeoun , Park Taesung
Published: September 2016

Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted by focusing on one phenotype of interest for identifying genetic variants associated with common complex phenotypes. However, despite many successful results from GWAS, only a small number of genetic variants tend to be identified and replicated given a very stringent genome-wide significance criterion, and explain only a small fraction of phenotype heritability. In order to improve power by using more information from data, we propose an alternative multivariate approach, which considers multiple related phenotypes simultaneously. We demonstrate through computer simulation that the multivariate approach can improve power for detecting disease-predisposing genetic variants and pleiotropic variants that have simultaneous effects on multiple related phenotypes. We apply the multivariate approach to a GWA dataset of 8,842 Korean individuals genotyped for 327,872 SNPs, and detect novel genetic variants associated with metabolic syndrome related phenotypes. Considering several related phenotype simultaneously, the multivariate approach provides not only more powerful results than the conventional univariate approach but also clue to identify pleiotropic genes that are important to the pathogenesis of many related complex phenotypes.
On the conformal scalar curvature equations on Finsler manifolds
Authors: Shojaee Neda , Rezaii Morteza MirMohammad
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study conformal deformations and [Formula: see text]-conformal deformations of Ricci-directional and second type scalar curvatures on Finsler manifolds. Then we introduce the best equation to study the Yamabe problem on Finsler manifolds. Finally, we restrict conformal deformations of metrics to [Formula: see text]-conformal deformations and derive the Yamabe functional and the Yamabe flow in Finsler geometry.
On the number of bound states of point interactions on hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Erman Fatih
Published: September 2016

We study the bound state problem for [Formula: see text] attractive point Dirac [Formula: see text]-interactions in two- and three-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. We give a sufficient condition for the Hamiltonian to have [Formula: see text] bound states and give an explicit criterion for it in hyperbolic manifolds [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we study the same spectral problem for a relativistic extension of the model on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Congruences modulo 9 for singular overpartitions
Authors: Shen Erin Y. Y.
Published: September 2016

In a recent work, Andrews introduced the new combinatorial objects called singular overpartitions. He proved that these singular overpartitions can be enumerated by the partition function [Formula: see text] which denotes the number of overpartitions of [Formula: see text] in which no part is divisible by [Formula: see text] and only parts [Formula: see text] may be overlined. In this paper, we consider the function [Formula: see text] from an arithmetical point of view. We establish a number of Ramanujan-like congruences and a congruence relation modulo [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] by employing some generating function dissection techniques. With the aid of these congruences and the relation, we obtain two new infinite families of congruences modulo [Formula: see text] satisfied by [Formula: see text].
Evaluation of some convolution sums and representation of integers by certain quadratic forms in 12 variables
Authors: Köklüce Bülent , Eser Hasan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the convolution sums [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are evaluated for all [Formula: see text] and their evaluations are used to determine the number of representation of a positive integer [Formula: see text] by the forms [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]
On local monodromy filtrations attached to motives
Authors: Laskar Abhijit
Published: September 2016

We prove special cases, of an analogue of the (local) weight monodromy conjecture, for motives over number fields. This enables us to show in many new cases that the local [Formula: see text]-factors of these motives are well defined, i.e. depend only on the motive and the valuations, and not on the chosen prime [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text]-adic realization.
Algebraic dependences of meromorphic mappings sharing moving hyperplanes without counting multiplicities
Authors: Quynh Le Ngoc
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with the multiple values and algebraic dependences problem of meromorphic mappings sharing moving hyperplanes in projective space. We give some algebraic dependences theorems for meromorphic mappings sharing moving hyperplanes without counting multiplicity, where all zeros with multiplicities more than a certain number are omitted. Basing on these results, some unicity theorems regardless of multiplicity for meromorphic mappings in several complex variables are given. These results are extensions and strong improvements of some recent results.
Facile synthesis of carbon sphere@Ni(OH)2and derivatives for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Le Qiujian , Wang Tian , Zhu Shijin , Zhang Junming , Zhang Yuxin
Published: September 2016

Herein, Ni(OH)2on carbon sphere nanostructure together with its derivatives, including NiO on carbon sphere, yolk–shell structure of NiO on carbon sphere and hollow NiO, were prepared with precise control and then applied as supercapacitors. Among them, NiO on carbon sphere exhibits a high specific capacitance (270.4[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] at 0.5[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text]), excellent rate performance (77.6% retention with 20-time current density increase) and good cycling stability (75.9% retention after 2000 cycles). The results indicate that carbon sphere plays a significant role in enhancing the electrical conductivity and electronic transportation process, ensuring the synergistic effects between carbon sphere and NiO shell.
Induced cycle path number of derived graphs
Authors: Paulraj Joseph J. , Rosalin S.
Published: September 2016

An induced cycle path partition of a simple connected graph [Formula: see text] is a partition of [Formula: see text] into subsets such that the subsets induce cycles and paths. The minimum order taken over all induced cycle path partitions is called the induced cycle path number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate the induced cycle path number of some derived graphs such as line graph, block graph, subdivision graph, power graph and total graph.
Domination in total graphs of small rings
Authors: Dhorajia Alpesh M. , Morzaria Jimmy M.
Published: September 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] be its set of zero divisors. The total graph of [Formula: see text] (introduced by Anderson and Badawi) denoted by [Formula: see text]. For any positive integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] we obtain the domination number of the total graph of [Formula: see text]. We also obtain various domination parameters including [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally we explore domination parameters in the complement of the total graph [Formula: see text].
Chemical and molecular factors in irritable bowel syndrome: current knowledge, challenges, and unanswered questions
Authors: Camilleri Michael , Oduyebo Ibironke , Halawi Houssam
Published: September 2016

Several chemical and molecular factors in the intestine are reported to be altered and to have a potentially significant role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly in IBS with diarrhea. These include bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; mucosal barrier proteins; mast cell products such as histamine, proteases, and tryptase; enteroendocrine cell products; and mucosal mRNAs, proteins, and microRNAs. This article reviews the current knowledge and unanswered questions in the pathobiology of the chemical and molecular factors in IBS. Evidence continues to point to significant roles in pathogenesis of these chemical and molecular mechanisms, which may therefore constitute potential targets for future research and therapy. However, it is still necessary to address the interaction between these factors in the gut and to appraise how they may influence hypervigilance in the central nervous system in patients with IBS.
Clinical Impact of 123I-Ioflupane SPECT (DaTscan) in a Movement Disorder Center
Authors: Graebner Allison K. , Tarsy Daniel , Shih Ludy C. , Vanderhorst Veronique , Kulkarni Omesh , Kaplan Scott , Simon David K.
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: The clinical diagnosis of degenerative forms of parkinsonism is imperfect, with past studies reporting a high rate of misdiagnosis by neurologists and movement disorder specialists, particularly early in the disease course. 123I-ioflupane SPECT (DaTscan) is a diagnostic neuroimaging tool used to distinguish essential tremor from tremor due to degenerative parkinsonisms. The present study expands upon prior studies of the clinical impact of DaTscan imaging in movement disorder centers by assessing quantitative estimates of diagnostic certainty, the impact on subsequent clinical decisions, and the degree to which the asymmetry in the results corresponds to laterality by clinical history and examination. Methods: In a prospective, observational study of the impact of DaTscan imaging in a movement disorder center over the course of 18 months, 4 specialists completed a questionnaire at the time they ordered imaging and again within 1 month after imaging. Results: Twenty-seven patients underwent DaTscan imaging; the result was normal in 4 cases (14.8%), abnormal in 22 cases (81.4%), and equivocal in 1 case (3.7%). In all cases of a normal result, the post-scan-predicted chance of degenerative parkinsonism decreased compared to the pre-scan prediction (p < 0.05), and in all cases of abnormal scan, the post-scan chance of degenerative parkinsonism increased or remained high (p < 0.0001). Clinical impacts were observed following imaging in a total of 24 patients (88.9%), including changes in medications for 18 patients and psychological impacts for 11 patients. Asymmetric clinical symptoms were corroborated based on the expected asymmetry of dopamine uptake deficits in 57.1% of the cases, were not present in 23.8%, and were opposite of expectations in 19.0% of the scans. Conclusion: DaTscan imaging results have an impact on physician's confidence in the diagnosis of parkinsonism and may also have a psychological impact on patients. DaTscan imaging may be a useful adjunct to clinical history and examination in selected patients.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum MicroRNA-206 in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hou Cheng-Gong , Luo Xiang-Yu , Li Gang
Published: September 2016

Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as useful biomarkers for human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of serum miRNA-206 in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and investigate its diagnostic and prognostic value. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate serum miRNA-206 levels in 150 GC patients and 150 healthy volunteers. The association between miRNA-206 expression and clinicopathological factors as well as patient's survival was analyzed. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to assess the potential value of serum miRNA-206 for GC diagnosis. Results: Serum miRNA-206 was down-regulated in GC patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Decreased serum miRNA-206 expression was significantly associated with deep local invasion, positive lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Serum miRNA-206 expression was found to be significantly up-regulated in paired post-operative samples and reduced in patients with GC recurrence. ROC curve analysis showed that serum miRNA-206 was a useful marker for GC diagnosis, and could discriminate between recurred and non-recurred patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed low serum miRNA-206 expression as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for both DFS and OS of GC patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that serum miRNA-206 might not only serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for GC, but also predict cancer recurrence and patient's prognosis.