bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criteria and Indicators for Strategic Urban Forest Planning and Management
Authors: Kenney W. Andy , van Wassenaer Philip , Satel Alexander
Published: November 2021

The success of urban forest management is frequently predicated upon achieving absolute canopy cover targets. This two-dimensional view of the urban forest does not provide a comprehensive assessment of urban forest stewardship in a community and does not account for an area’s potential to support a forest canopy. A comprehensive set of performance-based criteria and indicators concerning the community’s vegetation resource, community framework and resource management approach is described. This set of broadly based measures provides a more useful tool for the evaluation of urban forest management success and strategic management planning.
Firewood Transport by National and State Park Campers: A Risk for Native or Exotic Tree Pest Movement
Authors: Jacobi W.R. , Goodrich B.A. , Cleaver C.M.
Published: November 2021

Untreated firewood has the potential to harbor insects or pathogens lethal to trees in urban and natural forest ecosystems. Campers at 15 campgrounds in seven Colorado, U.S., State Parks and 30 campgrounds in 13 National Parks in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming were surveyed in 2007-09 to determine camper home states, firewood presence, firewood state origins and risks of firewood harboring pests. Sixty-six percent of Colorado State Park campers had firewood but only 4% had firewood brought from out-of-state origins. Sixty percent of National Park campers had firewood and 39% had firewood from out of state, equating to 329,919 campers potentially bringing out-of-state firewood in one year to surveyed parks. Forty-one percent of out-of-state firewood was brought by campers from nonneighboring states, indicating long distance transport of firewood occurs. Of all firewood present in National Parks, 32% was purchased inside the park, 25% was purchased outside the park and 17% was from camper residences. Fifty-three percent of firewood had evidence of previous insect presence and 39% had fungal infestation. Camper movement of untreated firewood has the potential to be a high risk pathway for distribution of live tree pests throughout North America, and educational and mitigation actions should be implemented.
Ground-penetrating Radar Accurately Locates Tree Roots in Two Soil Media Under Pavement
Authors: Bassuk Nina , Grabosky Jason , Mucciardi Anthony , Raffel Gary
Published: November 2021

This study involved locating tree roots with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system and then examining excavated roots in the same soil volume to compare the accuracy of the GPR system with true root location. In 2003, Acer platanoides ‘Emerald Queen’ Norway maples were planted in trenches containing two compacted soils (native silt loam and CU-Structural Soil). The trenches were paved with 10 cm of concrete. In 2008, a GPR system consisting of a 900 MHz antenna mounted on a root-scanning cart was used to conduct linear scans on top of the concrete. Immediately after scanning, the concrete was removed for selected trees and whole root systems were excavated (as an entire system attached to the tree trunk) using an air excavation tool. Regression analysis using mixed effect models showed that the radar reliably predicted root presence in both the native and structural soils. The root count correlations were r2 = 0.76 and r2 = 0.81 for the native and structural soils, respectively. In the compacted native soil under concrete, the radar out-put overestimated the presence of roots at the minimum detection diameter but did provide a signal associated with root presence at this detection level. In the structural soil under concrete, the radar output reliably predicted roots with only slight overestimation. This study showed that GPR data reliably predicted the presence and locations of roots under the concrete pavement in two compacted soils.
Rapid Assessment of Tree Debris Following Urban Forest Ice Storms
Authors: Hauer Richard , Hauer Angela , Hartel Dudley , Johnson Jill
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a rapid assessment method to estimate urban tree debris following an ice storm. Data were collected from 60 communities to quantify tree debris volumes, mostly from public rights-of-way, following ice storms based on community infrastructure, weather parameters, and urban forest structure. Ice thickness, area of a community, and street distance are significant predictors for estimating debris from ice storms. Results from this study provide a way to estimate woody debris volumes from urban trees immediately following an ice storm. The model can also be used to predict debris volumes for storm preparedness planning.
Evaluation of a Soil Decompaction and Amendment Process for Urban Trees
Authors: Fite Kelby , Smiley E. Thomas , McIntyre John , Wells Christina
Published: November 2021

Researchers investigated the effects of a soil decompaction and amendment process (AFM) and its individual components (air tillage, fertilizer, and mulch) on soil properties at four urban sites: Anderson, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. At each site, 50 red maples (Acer rubrum) were growing on compacted and/or nutrient-poor soils whose pretreatment bulk densities ranged from 1.14 to 1.74 g/cm3. Treatments were applied in the autumn and winter of 2005–2006, and measurements were taken through the end of 2008. The AFM treatment significantly reduced soil strength relative to control at all sites in 2006. There were significant treatment × location interactions in all years, with higher bulk density sites (Anderson and Myrtle Beach) showing the greatest magnitude and duration of response. The AFM and mulch treatments generally increased soil organic matter content, while air tillage alone significantly lowered soil organic matter content in Pittsburgh. At most sites, the AFM treatment was more effective than surface fertilizer application at improving soil fertility. AFM and mulched plots had significantly higher soil water content than other plots during periods of summer drought. Overall, AFM was effective in improving soils beneath established trees, and mulching was the most beneficial of the individual treatments.
Profil Politique Cible
Authors:   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Dolley Shawn , Hartman Dan ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Norman Thea ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Hudson Ian ,   Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Published: November 2021

Le Profil de politique cible (TPoP) est un outil destiné à faciliter le dialogue sur les preuves nécessaires pour effectuer un changement de politique. Il vise à articuler clairement le changement de politique proposé, les preuves existantes pour soutenir le changement, les lacunes dans les preuves et la nature des preuves nécessaires pour combler ces lacunes. Il s'agit d'un outil permettant de décider de commander des recherches et d'examiner les études nouvellement proposées dans le contexte des objectifs généraux du programme. Le TPoP sera également utilisé pour décrire le processus et le calendrier d'engagement politique tout au long du cycle de développement du changement de politique proposé. En conséquence, le TPoP servira de point focal pour le dialogue et l'alignement entre les principales parties prenantes dans le processus de génération de politiques, facilitant ainsi un dialogue précoce et substantiel.
Portfólio reflexivo: desafio para a construção de formação crítica na Educação Superior
Authors: Perez Ornella Padovani , Corrêa Adriana Katia
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O portfólio reflexivo (PR) é um dos instrumentos que pode ser utilizado na avaliação formativa como uma ferramenta pela qual o aluno tem a possibilidade de dar vasão à sua criatividade e construir um material que permitirá um trânsito entre o seu universo e a teoria/conteúdos. Objetivo: analisar como vem se configurando o processo de adoção do PR como instrumento de avaliação formativa de um curso de Bacharelado e Licenciatura da área da saúde de uma universidade pública do interior do estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Trata-se de curso que forma profissional enfermeiro para os serviços de saúde e professor para a educação profissional técnica de nível médio. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa conduzida a partir da perspectiva qualitativa, utilizando a análise documental do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) do curso e grupos focais com alunos do 5° ano (último período do curso). A análise dos dados foi conduzida pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), modalidade análise temática. Configuraram-se três categorias temáticas. Conclusões: parte-se do pressuposto de que o PR é instrumento que potencializa a aprendizagem crítica, todavia seu uso só é efetivo, nessa direção, na medida em que, institucionalmente, ocorrerem processos formativos dos professores, trabalho coletivo e condições concretas de trabalho que valorizem o investimento no ensino de graduação, por meio de projeto de formação crítico, em contraposição à lógica produtivista, fortalecendo a perspectiva da transformação social.
Controle legislativo de convencionalidade das leis: a oportunidade de construção do Ius Constitutionale Commune latino-americano pela Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania da Câmara dos Deputados
Authors: Pereira Ana Carolina Barbosa
Published: November 2021

Idealizar o ius commune interamericano depende, necessariamente, de um diálogo entre os organismos nacionais e internacionais. O controle de convencionalidade é uma importante ferramenta de integração jurídica na América Latina e um exemplo da possibilidade de harmonização entre ordens jurídicas plurais, sempre à luz da dignidade humana. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a relevância do papel do Poder Legislativo brasileiro no exercício do controle de convencionalidade de projetos de lei especialmente propostos por parlamentares da Câmara dos Deputados. Propõe-se uma atuação da Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania, como órgão da Câmara dos Deputados, não apenas no processo de internacionalização dos tratados de direitos humanos, mas também no trâmite de aprovação de normas do sistema legislativo interno contrárias ao corpus juris interamericano. Adota-se como referência projetos de lei propostos nos anos 2019 e 2020 contrários aos parâmetros da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Com foco na inconvencionalidade de determinadas proposições e na ideia mínima de supralegalidade dos tratados de direitos humanos, conclui-se pela imprescindibilidade de desaprovação dos projetos manifestamente inconvencionais por meio do controle impróprio de convencionalidade.
O envolvimento de empresas em violações de Direitos Humanos e o efeito erga omnes das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Moraes Patricia Almeida de , Britto Marcella Oldenburg Almeida
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é lançar luzes à questão da oponibilidade da ratio decidendi das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, especialmente quanto à temática de direitos humanos e empresas, a todos os países que compõem o Sistema Interamericano, incluindo aqueles Estados parte que não participaram diretamente da condenação. Primeiro, demonstramos que as decisões da Corte IDH possuem efeito vinculante e erga omnes, fazendo parte do corpus iuris interamericano e, portanto, aplicável em face de todos os países signatários da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Em seguida, analisamos duas das mais recentes decisões da Corte envolvendo atividades empresariais: caso “Povo Kaliña e Lokono vs. Suriname” e “Empregados da Fábrica de Fogos Santo Antônio de Jesus e familiares vs. Brasil”. Finalmente, examinamos o Informe “Empresas y Derechos Humanos: Estándares Interamericanos”, elaborado pela Comissão Interamericana, que traz o tema de maneira direta. Utilizando-se do método qualitativo e pesquisa jurisprudencial, bibliográfica e documental, e partindo-se da análise de decisões da Corte IDH e outros documentos emitidos pelo Sistema Interamericano, concluímos que a fundamentação da decisão (ratio decidendi) também opera em face do país que não figurou no polo passivo da demanda internacional, eis que produz efeitos erga omnes, logo, obrigatória para todos os Estados parte. Assim sendo, as recentes condenações da Corte que sustentam a necessidade de as empresas respeitarem os direitos humanos, assim como o dever do Estado de garantir essa proteção e cobrar uma atuação responsável das empresas, devem ser necessariamente seguidas e aplicadas no âmbito interno de cada país.
Justiciabilidade direta dos direitos sociais na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: mais uma peça no quebra-cabeça do Ius Constitutionale Commune latino-americano?
Authors: Tebar Wellington Boigues Corbalan , Alves Fernando De Brito
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se a decisão da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no caso “Lagos del Campo Vs. Peru” (2017), que marcou a mudança de paradigma a respeito da justiciabilidade dos direitos sociais na âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos (SIDH), pode ser considerada um avanço em direção à consolidação de um “ius constitutionale commune” latino-americano. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto, o desenvolvimento deste trabalho científico é dividido em três partes. Na primeira, apresentam-se os principais fundamentos do “ius constitutionale commune” latino-americano (premissas maiores), segundo a metodologia descritiva. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se um breve panorama histórico sobre a evolução jurisprudencial da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em matéria de justiciabilidade de direitos sociais, bem como os principais argumentos utilizados no julgamento do paradigmático caso “Lagos del Campo Vs. Peru” (2017) (premissas menores), também segundo a metodologia descritiva. Finalmente, na terceira parte, analisa-se a adequação das premissas menores às premissas maiores obtidas anteriormente, para se chegar a uma conclusão hígida, segundo a metodologia dedutiva. Além disso, como método de apoio, utiliza-se, principalmente, de pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa jurisprudencial, documental e doutrinária. Considerando as experiências constitucionais comuns dos Estados latino-americanos, pautadas, em sua maioria, pelo fenômeno do constitucionalismo transformador, bem como a reiteração dos fundamentos utilizados no caso “Lagos del Campo vs. Peru” (2017) nos julgados posteriores da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, conclui-se ter havido a consolidação de um autêntico “ius constitutionale commune” latino-americano no que tange à possibilidade de exigibilidade direta dos direitos sociais.
Erosão democrática e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: o caso venezuelano
Authors: Dias Roberto , Tedesco Thomaz Fiterman
Published: November 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo do artigo é analisar a atuação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em relação à erosão democrática venezuelana. Considerando a forte pressão populista sofrida por diversos países latino-americanos, compreender a interação do Tribunal regional com o assunto é importante para estabelecer seus limites e possibilidades de atuação. Primeiro, apresentamos a literatura específica sobre erosão democrática e colapso totalitário, definindo quais são os predicados da democracia liberal alvejados pelos governantes autoritários. Em seguida, há uma análise breve de como a Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos e a Corte Africana de Direitos Humanos e dos Povos têm se comportado em relação ao tema, considerando o fenômeno cada vez mais intenso de diálogo entre as três Cortes regionais. Finalmente, apresentamos o contexto fático e normativo venezuelano de erosão democrática iniciada com Hugo Chávez e discutimos casos julgados pela Corte Interamericana de violação a direitos relacionados a eleições livres e competitivas, liberdade de expressão e Estado de Direito (rule of law). Concluímos que Corte Interamericana tem muitos aportes a oferecer contra a regressão democrática, embora, nos casos estudados, pudesse ter ido além e discutido em maior profundidade o contexto político em que inseridas as violações encontradas. Além disso, a Corte Interamericana, a partir dos exemplos de atuação das suas contrapartes europeia e africana, precisa agir estrategicamente e em cuidadoso equilíbrio que lhe permita auxiliar na defesa da democracia sem afastar os Estados-Partes do sistema regional
Participação política no constitucionalismo latino-americano: uma comparação com o modelo brasileiro
Authors: Lopes Yuri Cesar Novais Magalhães , Grostein Julio
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo objetiva investigar a participação política direta no constitucionalismo latino-americano a partir da análise dos mecanismos existentes no Brasil, comparando-os com as decisões da Corte Interamericana e a Constituição do Equador. Assim, o presente artigo se divide em três partes. Na primeira seção, investiga-se a crise do modelo das democracias liberais, bem como a formação do constitucionalismo latino-americano com características próprias e situações sociais em comum, a justificar a aplicação do ius constitutionale commune. Na seção seguinte, busca-se analisar as decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos na interpretação do art. 23 da Convenção de Direitos Humanos, bem como os mecanismos de participação política direta na Constituição do Equador. Na terceira seção, examina-se o modelo da participação política adotado pela Constituição Federal de 1988 com os descritos na seção anterior, com propósito de compará-lo com os elementos anteriores. A metodologia está centrada em uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre direito constitucional e ciência política, na pesquisa bibliográfica-documental, qualitativa e do estudo de direito comparado. Espera-se, com a presente pesquisa, contribuir com sugestões para o aperfeiçoamento dos mecanismos de participação política direta a partir dos já existentes no Constitucionalismo latino-americano, de modo que haja a incorporação de previsões normativas no Brasil a possibilitar ampliação da participação política de cidadãs e cidadãos.
O caso Vélez Loor vs. Panamá da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos como paradigma para a construção de parâmetros migratórios latino-americanos
Authors: Squeff Tatiana De A. F. R. Cardoso , Silva Bianca Guimarães
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo atesta como a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CtIDH) tem estabelecido parâmetros de proteção dos direitos humanos no continente americano, atestando o seu impacto transformador da realidade latino-americana. Pontualmente, demonstra-se como o caso Vélez Loor vs. Panamá, julgado em 2010, definiu doze standards de tratamento às pessoas migrantes desde uma articulação ímpar por parte da Corte de suas regras e da prática estatal, tornando-se um caso-paradigma do Sistema Interamericano. Para tanto, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e seguindo o método dedutivo de abordagem e os métodos descritivo e explicativo de análise dos objetivos, o texto será dividido em duas partes. Enquanto a primeira seção volta-se ao debate do cenário socioeconômico da América Latina e como a atuação da Corte tem impactado a cultura legal da região, na segunda seção analisam-se as obrigações substanciais e materiais da sentença referente à proteção dos direitos dos migrantes. Por fim, concluiu-se que os parâmetros fixados orientam hoje todos os deslocamentos migratórios na região e contribuem para o fortalecimento da proteção dos grupos vulneráveis nesse plano.
O AUMENTO DO ZIKA VÍRUS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL JUNTO A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Analice Barbosa Santos De
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O Aedes aegypti é uma espécie de mosquito pantropical responsável pela doença Zika. Sabe-se, que o vírus Zika (ZIKV) é transmitido por artrópodes (arbovírus) e atualmente, traz um grande problema de saúde pública para os brasileiros. Estudos filogenéticos sugerem, que o vírus Zika foi provavelmente importado do Pacífico para o Brasil, em 2015, e foi declarado uma emergência nacional de saúde pública. Objetivos: Quantificar os casos de Zika vírus, no Distrito Federal, registrados no Sistema de informações de Agravos de notificação, em 2018 a 2020. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, que buscou coletar dados, através do Sistema de informações de Agravos de notificação (SINAN), que é um programa alimentado, principalmente, pela notificação e investigação de casos de doenças e agravos, que constam da lista nacional de doenças de notificação compulsória (Portaria de Consolidação nº 4/2017). Foram solicitados relatórios de casos dos anos 2018 a 2020, delimitando-se apenas ao Distrito Federal. Resultados: No Distrito Federal, em 2018, foram registrados 135 casos de Zika Vírus; em 2019, foram 420 casos, e em 2020, período pandêmico COVID-19, 2.293 casos. Observa-se um aumento considerável durante a Pandemia de Covid-19. A Zika provoca febre baixa, dor nas articulações, dor muscular, dor de cabeça, dor atrás dos olhos, conjuntivite, entre outros. Se fazem necessárias medidas sanitárias imediatas do Estado, campanhas educativas em nível nacional e visitas de agentes de saúde, além do uso de produtos químicos e biológicos, no Distrito Federal e no Brasil. Há estudos, que buscam descobrir a relação entre o vírus Zika e o surto de microcefalia na região Nordeste e o impacto do vírus na gestante. Urgem-se por maiores pesquisas a respeito do vírus. Conclusão: Conclui-se, que há necessidade de maiores estudos a respeito do Zika vírus. O saneamento básico é um problema de saúde pública, que colabora com a presença da doença Zika. Comprovou-se, que o Aedes aegypti é o mosquito mais fácil de criar e manipular em laboratório, sendo assim, são necessários investimentos em pesquisas com o objetivo de se obterem modificações genéticas, a fim de impedir sua descendência.
Delincuencia y opinión pública
Authors: De Opinión Pública Instituto Universitario
Published: November 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre delincuencia realizada por el IUDOP en el mes de julio, con el fin de recoger las opiniones de los salvadoreños sobre el problema de la delincuencia y recolectar las experiencias de victimización a causa de esa problemática. Los resultados muestran que la delincuencia continúa afectando a amplios sectores de la poblaci6n aunque no en la misma proporción que en el pasado, además revelan que la mayoría de la poblaci6n está muy preocupada por el problema y que en respuesta al sentimiento de inseguridad y a la percepción de la falta de soluciones, buena parte de los salvadoreños estarían dispuestos a apoyar acciones drásticas ilegales.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 599, 1998: 785-802.
Salarrué, apuntes para una biografía
Authors: Roque Baldovinos Ricardo
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 601-602, 1998: 1154-1158.
Las perspectivas del desarrollo económico en Centroamérica después del Mitch
Authors: García Izquierdo Bernardo
Published: November 2021

La tragedia del huracán Mitch en Centroamérica es, al mismo tiempo, similar y distinta del de otras emergencias que han sucedido con relativa frecuencia en los últimos años. Desde el punto de vista económico, Mitch revela con crudeza las desigualdades es tructurales que colocan a la mayoría de la comunidad centroamericana en un estado de permanente vulnerabilidad. Por tanto, se presentan las reacciones adoptadas a corto plazo y los planteamientos de desarrollo económico a largo plazo.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 606, 1999: 337-349.
Aspectos psicosociales en un desastre natural
Authors: Gaborit Mauricio
Published: November 2021

El huracán Mitch, con vientos hasta de 470 kilómetros por hora y lluvias torrenciales de entre 450-600 mm por metro cuadrado, causó en la región centroamericana la muerte de aproximadamente 9,000 personas. Poco a poco se ha dilucidado la urgencia de atender la recuperación psicosocial de las personas que se vieron afectadas por este fenómeno. En la medida que se entienda la naturaleza del impacto psicológico que ha tenido el huracán en nuestras poblaciones podremos ayudar mejor a los sobrevivientes, desarrollar ayudas efectivas y prontas para futuras eventualidades, y también contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura preventiva de desastres naturales en El Salvador.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 606, 1999: 351-366.
Model Creative Art Dalam Konseling Untuk Meningkatkan Quality Of Work Life Dan Coping Stress Pada Karyawan Di Politeknik LP3I Kampus Medan Baru
Authors: Ayu Abidah
Published: November 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah quality of work life dan coping stress pada karyawan di Politeknik LP3I Kampus Medan Baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model creative art dalam konseling untuk meningkatkan quality of work life dan coping stress pada karyawan di Politeknik LP3I Kampus Medan Baru. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan (reserch and development) Borg and Gall yang dilaksanakan dengan langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengumpulan data, perencanaan, pengembangan produk, penyempurnaan produk, dan diseminasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model creative art dalam konseling efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan quality of work life dan coping stress pada karyawan. Nilai t = 0.04 dengan p
Psikoedukasi Pengaruh Gadget Terhadap Pelajar Didunia Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Iramadhani Dwi , Julistia Rini , Muna Zurratul
Published: November 2021

Kecenderungan penggunaan gadget secara tidak bertanggung jawab, berlebihan dan tidak tepat pada akhirnya bisa menjadikan individu atau siswa/i bersikap tidak perduli pada lingkunganya baik pada lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat dan lingkungan pendidikan. Penggunaan gadget secara berkelanjutan dan tidak bertanggung jawab juga akan berdampak buruk bagiindividu dalam kesehariannya. Tujuan dari psikoedukasi ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pada penggunaan gadget terutama dalam pendidikan agar siswa dan siswi dapat menggunakan gadget dengan bertanggung jawab dan tidak ketergantungan. Kegiatan ini terbagi menjadi 3 sub bagian yakni kegiatan pretest, kemudian pada kegiatan kedua yaitu kegiatan psikoedukasi dan kegiatan ketiga yaitu posttest. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa saat pre test 25 dari 35 siswa/i memiliki kategori tinggi kemudian setelah mengikuti psikoedukasi, lima hari kemudian diukur Post Test diperoleh hasil terdapat 33 siswa/i yang berada pada kategori rendah sedangkan sisanya 2 orang berada pada kategori tinggi. berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa setelah mengikuti kegiatan psikoedukasi pengaruh gadget terhadap pelajar didunia pendidikan, siswa/i dapat meningkatkan kesadarannya akan fungsi gadget sehingga dapat mengunakan gadget dalam hal yang positif.
The gendered dimension of violence and the role played by masculinities during the Second Congo War
Authors: Brilliant Masara Wiriranai
Published: November 2021

The paper examines the gendered dimension of violence in violent conflicts. It examines the theoretical position that violence in conflict is more likely to affect women more than men. This argument is emphasised by examining previous conflict contexts around Africa but primarily referring to Kivu in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The paper underscores the role played by masculinity in spearheading violence towards women during and after conflict. However, the paper also discusses how men are victims of violence in conflict, albeit at a lower rate than women.
Zonal variations of the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian region and the consequent radiative effects
Authors: Kala Nair Krishnan , Anand Narayana Sarma , Manoj Mohanan Remani , Pathak Harshavardhana Sunil , Moorthy Krishnaswamy Krishna , Satheesh Sreedharan Krishnakumari
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The vertical structure of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans and its spatial distinctiveness are characterized using long-term (2007–2020) spaceborne lidar observations, satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depths and assimilated aerosol single scattering albedo. The consequence of these on the spatial distribution of aerosol-induced atmospheric heating is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. The results show strong, seasonally varying zonal gradients in the concentrations and vertical extent of aerosols over the study region. In general, while over the oceans, aerosol concentrations decrease rather monotonically with increase in altitude (from its highest value near the surface), over the mainland, the concentrations initially increase from the surface to about 1 km before decreasing towards higher altitudes, in all seasons over Central India and during summer monsoon season in northern India. This is attributed to the seasonal variations in the source strengths and the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. Compared to the surrounding oceans, where the vertical extent of aerosols is confined within 3 km, the aerosol extinction coefficients extend to considerably higher altitudes over the mainland, reaching as high as 6 km during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Longitudinally, the vertical extent is highest around 75° E and decreasing gradually on either side over the peninsular India. In the west, the concentrations and vertical extent of aerosols are highest during summer/monsoon due to the lofting and strong advection of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols. Particulate depolarization ratio profiles affirm the ubiquity of dust aerosols in western India during monsoon. Dust aerosols are distributed all the way from surface to 6 km over the north-western semi-arid regions. While the presence of low-altitude dust aerosols decreases further east, the high-altitude (above 4 km) dust layers are observed to remain aloft throughout the year with seasonal variations in its zonal distribution over north-western India. Southern peninsular India and its surrounding oceans are marked with high-altitude (around 4 km) dust aerosols during the monsoon season. Radiative transfer calculations show that these changes in vertical distribution of aerosol loading and types result in enhanced atmospheric heating at the lower altitudes during pre-monsoon, with prominent heating within 2–3 km throughout the Indian region. These results will have large implications for aerosol-radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.
The impact of chlorine chemistry combined with heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on air quality in China
Authors: Yang Xiajie , Wang Qiaoqiao , Ma Nan , Hu Weiwei , Gao Yang , Huang Zhijiong , Zheng Junyu , Yuan Bin , Yang Ning , Tao Jiangchuan , Hong Juan , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 on Cl-containing aerosols (N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry) plays a key role in chlorine activation, NOx recycling and consequently O3 formation. In this study, we use the GEOS-Chem model with additional anthropogenic and biomass burning chlorine emissions combined with updated parameterizations for N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry (i.e. the uptake coefficient of N2O5 (γN2O5) and the ClNO2 yield (φClNO2)) to investigate the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality in China, the role of N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry, as well as their sensitivities to chlorine emissions and parameterizations for γN2O5 and φClNO2. The model evaluation with multiple data sets observed across China demonstrated significant improvement especially regarding the simulation of Cl−, N2O5 and ClNO2 with the updates in chlorine emissions and N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry. Total tropospheric chlorine chemistry could increase annual mean MDA8 O3 by up to 4.5 ppbv but decrease PM2.5 by up to 7.9 μg m−3 in China, 83 % and 90 % of which could be attributed to the effect of N2O5 – ClNO2 chemistry. The heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 on chloride-containing aerosol surfaces is an important loss pathway of N2O5 as well as a important source of O3, and hence is particularly useful in elucidating the commonly seen ozone underestimations. The importance of chlorine chemistry largely depends on both chlorine emissions and the parameterizations for N2O5 – ClNO2 chemistry. With the additional chlorine emissions annual mean maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O3 in China could be increased by up to 3.5 ppbv. The corresponding effect on PM2.5 concentrations varies largely with regions, with an increase of up to 4.5 μg m−3 in the North China Plain but a decrease of up to 3.7 μg m−3 in the Sichuan Basin. On the other hand, even with the same chlorine emissions, the effects on MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 in China could differ by 48 % and 27 %, respectively between different parameterizations.
Quantifying Albedo Susceptibility Biases in Shallow Clouds
Authors: Feingold Graham , Goren Tom , Yamaguchi Takanobu
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The evaluation of radiative forcing associated with aerosol-cloud interactions remains a significant source of uncertainty in future climate projections. The problem is confounded by the fact that aerosol particles influence clouds locally, and that averaging to larger spatial and/or temporal scales carries biases that depend on the heterogeneity and spatial correlation of the interacting fields and the non-linearity of the responses. Mimicking commonly applied satellite data analyses for calculation of albedo susceptibility So, we quantify So aggregation biases using an ensemble of 127 large eddy simulations of marine stratocumulus. We explore the cloud field properties that control this spatial aggregation bias, and quantify the bias for a large range of shallow stratocumulus cloud conditions manifesting a variety of morphologies and range of cloud fractions. We show that So spatial aggregation biases can be on the order of 100s of percent, depending on methodology. Key uncertainties emanate from the typically applied adiabatic drop concentration Nd retrieval, the correlation between aerosol and cloud fields, and the extent to which averaging reduces the variance in cloud albedo Ac and Nd. Biases are more often positive than negative. So biases are highly correlated to biases in the adjustment. Temporal aggregation biases are shown to offset spatial averaging biases. Both spatial and temporal biases have significant implications for observationally based assessments of aerosol indirect effects and our inferences of underlying aerosol-cloud-radiation effects.
Attributing correlation skill of dynamical GCM precipitation forecasts to statistical ENSO teleconnection using a set-theory-based approach
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Chen Haoling , Shao Quanxi , Tu Tongbi , Tian Yu , Chen Xiaohong
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Climate teleconnections are essential for the verification of valuable precipitation forecasts generated by global climate models (GCMs). This paper develops a novel approach to attributing correlation skill of dynamical GCM forecasts to statistical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection by using the coefficient of determination (R2). Specifically, observed precipitation is respectively regressed against GCM forecasts, Niño3.4 and both of them, and then the intersection operation is implemented to quantify the overlapping R2 for GCM forecasts and Niño3.4. The significance of overlapping R2 and the sign of ENSO teleconnection facilitate three cases of attribution, i.e., significantly positive anomaly correlation attributable to positive ENSO teleconnection, attributable to negative ENSO teleconnection and not attributable to ENSO teleconnection. A case study is devised for the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) seasonal forecasts of global precipitation. For grid cells around the world, the ratio of significantly positive anomaly correlation attributable to positive (negative) ENSO teleconnection is respectively 10.8 % (11.7 %) in December–January–February (DJF), 7.1 % (7.3 %) in March–April–May (MAM), 6.3 % (7.4 %) in June–July–August (JJA) and 7.0 % (14.3 %) in September–October–November (SON). The results not only confirm the prominent contributions of ENSO teleconnection to GCM forecasts, but also present spatial plots of regions where significantly positive anomaly correlation is subject to positive ENSO teleconnection, negative ENSO teleconnection and teleconnections other than ENSO. Overall, the proposed attribution approach can serve as an effective tool to investigate the sources of predictability for GCM seasonal forecasts of global precipitation.
Invited perspectives: A research agenda towards Disaster Risk Management pathways in multi-risk assessment
Authors: Ward Philip James , Daniell James , Duncan Melanie , Dunne Anna , Hananel Cédric , Hochrainer-Stigler Stefan , Tijssen Annegien , Torresan Silvia , Ciurean Roxana , Gill Joel , Sillmann Jana , Couasnon Anaïs , Koks Elco , Padrón-Fumero Noemi , Tatman Sharon , Tronstad Lund Marianne , Adesiyun Adewole , Aerts Jeroen , Alabaster Alexander , Butler Bernard , Campillo Torres Carlos , Critto Andrea , Hernández Martin Raúl , Machado Marta , Mysiak Jaroslav , Orth Rene , Palomino Irene , Petrescu Eva-Cristina , Reichstein Markus , Tiggeloven Timothy , van Loon Anne , Vuong Pham Hung , de Ruiter Marleen
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Whilst the last decades have seen a clear shift in emphasis from managing natural hazards to managing risk, the majority of natural hazard risk research still focuses on single hazards. Internationally, there are calls for more attention for multi-hazards and multi-risks. Within the European Union (EU), the concepts of multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management have taken centre stage in recent years. In this perspective paper, we outline several key developments in multi-hazard and multi-risk research in the last decade, with a particular focus on the EU. We present challenges for multi-risk management as outlined in several research projects and papers. We then present a research agenda for addressing these challenges. We argue for an approach that addresses multi-hazard, multi-risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards. In this approach, the starting point is a specific sustainability challenge, rather than an individual hazard or sector, and trade-offs and synergies are examined across sectors, regions, and hazards. We argue for in-depth case studies in which various approaches for multi-hazard and multi-risk management are co-developed and tested in practice. Finally, we present a new pan-European research project in which our proposed research agenda will be implemented, with the goal of enabling stakeholders to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies of various strategies across sectors, hazards, and scales.
Performance of three machine learning algorithms for predicting soil organic carbon in German agricultural soil
Authors: Sakhaee Ali , Gebauer Anika , Ließ Mareike , Don Axel
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), as the largest terrestrial carbon pool, has the potential to influence climate change and mitigation, and consequently SOC monitoring is important in the frameworks of different international treaties. There is therefore a need for high resolution SOC maps. Machine learning (ML) offers new opportunities to do this due to its capability for data mining of large datasets. The aim of this study, therefore, was to test three commonly used algorithms in digital soil mapping – random forest (RF), boosted regression trees (BRT) and support vector machine for regression (SVR) – on the first German Agricultural Soil Inventory to model agricultural topsoil SOC content. Nested cross-validation was implemented for model evaluation and parameter tuning. Moreover, grid search and differential evolution algorithm were applied to ensure that each algorithm was tuned and optimised suitably. The SOC content of the German Agricultural Soil Inventory was highly variable, ranging from 4 g kg−1 to 480 g kg−1. However, only 4 % of all soils contained more than 87 g kg−1 SOC and were considered organic or degraded organic soils. The results show that SVR provided the best performance with RMSE of 32 g kg−1 when the algorithms were trained on the full dataset. However, the average RMSE of all algorithms decreased by 34 % when mineral and organic soils were modeled separately, with the best result from SVR with RMSE of 21 g kg−1. Model performance is often limited by the size and quality of the available soil dataset for calibration and validation. Therefore, the impact of enlarging the training data was tested by including 1223 data points from the European Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey for agricultural sites in Germany. The model performance was enhanced for maximum 1 % for mineral soils and 2 % for organic soils. Despite the capability of machine learning algorithms in general, and particularly SVR, in modelling SOC on a national scale, the study showed that the most important to improve the model performance was separate modelling of mineral and organic soils.
Damage Equivalent Load Synthesis and Stochastic Extrapolation for Fatigue Life Validation
Authors: Natarajan Anand
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Present verification of the fatigue life margins on wind turbine structures utilizes damage equivalent load (DEL) computations over limited time duration. In this article, a procedure to determine long term fatigue damage and remaining life is presented as a combination of stochastic extrapolation of the 10-minute DEL to determine its probability of exceedance and through computationally fast synthesis of DELs using level-crossings of a Gaussian process. Both the synthesis of DELs and long-term stochastic extrapolation are validated using measured loads from a wind farm. The extrapolation for the blade root flap and tower base fore-aft damage equivalent moment is presented using a three-parameter Weibull distribution, whereby the long term damage equivalent load levels are forecast for both simulated and measured values. The damage equivalent load magnitude at a selected target probability of exceedance provides an indicator of the integrity of the structure for the next year. The extrapolated damage equivalent load over a year is validated using measured multi-year damage equivalent loads from a turbine in the Lillgrund wind farm, which is subject to wakes. The simulation of damage equivalent loads using the method of level crossings of a Gaussian process is shown to be able to reconstruct the damage equivalent load for both blade root and tower base moments. The prediction of the tower base fore-aft DEL is demonstrated to be feasible when using the Vanmarcke correction for very-narrow band processes. The combined method of fast damage equivalent load computations and stochastic extrapolation to the next year, allows a quick and accurate forecasting of structural integrity of operational wind turbines.
SISTEM INFORMASI ABSENSI MENGGUNAKAN FOTO SELFIE DAN GEOTAGGING
Authors: Berlian Berlian Fajar Prayogo , Sanjaya Rangga
Published: November 2021

Sistem informasi absensi merupakan suatu pendekatan strategis terhadap peningkatan kinerja suatu perusahaan. Absensi pegawai dapat dicatat, diolah dan dipresentasikan didalam suatu sistem informasi absensi. Banyak perusahaan yang menggunakan sistem absensi metode tradisional seperti mesin ceklok, fingerprint atau menggunakan media kertas yang memiliki berbagai keterbatasan dan kelemahan seperti membuat seorang pegawai yang ditugaskan diluar perusahaan harus datang ke kantor terlebih dahulu untuk melakukan absensi. Hal ini memungkinkan seorang pegawai tidak melakukan absensi dikarnakan memerlukan waktu lebih dalam melakukan absensi ke kantor. Untuk itu peneliti mencoba membuat aplikasi absensi selfie dan geotagging berbasis android yang menggunakan metode waterfall sebagai pengembangan sistem. Dengan adanya aplikasi yang dibuat maka dapat mempermudah pegawai dalam melakukan absensi dengan cara foto selfie dilokasi bertugas sehingga pegawai tidak perlu datang ke kantor untuk melakukan absensi yang akan memakan waktu dan jarak tempuh. Dan perusahaan dapat memonitoring pegawinya yang bertugas diluar perusahaaan.
APLIKASI DETEKSI DINI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 1 SAMPAI 3 TAHUN BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Gumilar Fajar Giri , Mubarok Ade
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan anak usia dini memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan seorang individu. Agar seorang anak memiliki perkembangan yang baik, maka perlu ada deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak yang memiliki tujuan tercapainya optimalisasi perkembangan seorang anak. Sangat disayangkan masih sedikit orang tua yang memiliki kesadaran untuk melakukan deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak ini. Metode deteksi dini perkembangan anak ini menggunakan media berbasis android. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi deteksi dini perkembangan anak yang berusia 1 sampai 3 tahun berbasis android. Aplikasi ini ditujukan bagi orang tua serta tim medis kesehatan yang bertugas guna memberikan informasi mengenai perkembang anak, menemukali penyimpangan pertumbuhan dan dapat memberikan saran stimulasi dini apa yang harus di berikan kepada anak. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap Aplikasi Deteksi Dini Perkembangan anak Usia 1 sampai 3 Tahun, maka dapat disimpulkan hasil Layout sudah sesuai dengan layout yang didesign dan Setiap tombol maupun form sudah berfungsi sesuai dengan kebutuhan aplikasi.
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN METODE HISTOGRAM DAN MEDIAN FILTERING PADA CITRA MATA
Authors: Mayangky Nissa Almira , Rousyati Rousyati , Riana Dwiza , Hadianti Sri , Nurfalah Ridan , Kusumayudha Mochamad Rizky
Published: November 2021

Metode biometrik seperti sistem pengenalan ekspresi wajah, finger print, sistem pengenalan mata merupakan sebuah teknologi terkemuka yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai otentikasi pengguna. Karena mempunya sifat unik dan stabil, maka dapat berfungsi sebagai identitas hidup. Biometri mata membantu dalam mengidentifikasi individu dengan cara yang lebih intuitif dan alami. Pengenalan mata berfokus pada mengenali identitas individu menggunakan karakteristik tekstur berdasarkan pola mata. Mata menjamin stabilitas jangka panjang dan persyaratan juga jarang untuk proses pendaftaran. Akurasi, isi informasi yang lebih tinggi, ketepatan waktu nyata, kinerja, stabilitas, pengelakan rendah dan keunikan membuat teknologi mata sebagai salah satu  yang paling cocok untuk digunakan di bidang identifikasi. Citra mata yang berhasil didapatkan merupakan citra mata yang terbagi atas data latih dan data uji yang akan diproses dalam tahap preprocessing. Pencahayaan, oklusi, jumlah piksel pada mata adalah elemen yang mempengaruhi kualitas citra. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menyoroti kinerja berbagai teknik preprocessing digunakan dalam memperbaiki kualitas citra mata. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metode Histogram Equalization dapat memperbaiki citra lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode Adaptive Histogram Equalization dan Median Filtering