bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A QUALIDADE DAS INFORMAÇÕES PRESTADAS PELAS EMPRESAS REDUZ OS RISCOS DE INVESTIMENTO? UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA PARA OS DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS / The quality of information provided by reduces business investment
Authors: Besarria Cássio Nóbrega , Paula Ângelo Antonio , Araújo Breno Silva , Alves José Neto , Almeida Fenelon Francisco , Monteiro Valdeir Soares
Published: August 2015

O objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em verificar se a qualidade das informações prestadas pelas empresas e a ampliação dos direitos societários reduzem os riscos de investimento. Para se alcançar o objetivo, esta pesquisa se divide em duas etapas: no primeiro momento, serão formadas três carteiras de investimento de variância mínima, em que as empresas serão classificadas de acordo com diferentes níveis de governança corporativa: Nível 1 (N1), Nível 2 (N2) e Novo Mercado (NM). E será estimado o modelo de precificação de ativos conhecido como versão condicional do Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) de Sharpe-Lintner. Por meio desse modelo será possível obter a relação risco/retorno existente entre as carteiras de investimento e a carteira de mercado, bem como as manifestações do agrupamento da volatilidade. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que por meio das estimativas das volatilidades foi possível comprovar que as ações das empresas do Novo Mercado são as que apresentam menor risco, seguidas pelas ações classificadas no Nível 2 e no Nível 1, respectivamente. Esses resultados reforçam a hipótese de que a transparência, a qualidade das informações prestadas pelas empresas e a ampliação dos direitos societários reduzem os riscos de investimento.

Palavras-chave: Governança corporativa. Volatilidade condicional. Risco. 
Collaborative predictive business intelligence model for spare parts inventory replenishment
Authors: Stefanovic Nenad
Published: August 2015

In today?s volatile and turbulent business environment, supply chains face
great challenges when making supply and demand decisions. Making optimal
inventory replenishment decision became critical for successful supply chain
management. Existing traditional inventory management approaches and
technologies showed as inadequate for these tasks. Current business
environment requires new methods that incorporate more intelligent
technologies and tools capable to make fast, accurate and reliable
predictions. This paper deals with data mining applications for the supply
chain inventory management. It describes the unified business intelligence
semantic model, coupled with a data warehouse to employ data mining
technology to provide accurate and up-to-date information for better
inventory management decisions and to deliver this information to relevant
decision makers in a user-friendly manner. Experiments carried out with the
real data set, from the automotive industry, showed very good accuracy and
performance of the model which makes it suitable for collaborative and more
informed inventory decision making.
Improving the hydrophilicity of metallic surfaces by nanosecond pulsed laser surface modification
Authors: Razi Sepehr , Madanipour Khosro , Mollabashi Mahmoud
Published: August 2015

The objective of this work was to investigate the surface wettability alteration of the titanium and 316L grade stainless steel by nanosecond pulsed laser processing method. For this purpose, various processing conditions were studied extensively. Different analyses, including the study of the surface morphology, free energy, oxidation, and roughness changes, were assessed in correlation with wettability. It is shown that laser processing in air up to 1 J/cm2 laser fluences enhances the surface roughness which in turn promotes the hydrophilicity. The shape and distribution of the created surface structures are also effective in this regard. On the other hand, the surface free energy as well as oxygen content also increases significantly on the laser-irradiated surfaces. According to these results, it is more logic to conclude that all of these cooperative chemical and physical changes are involved in increasing the surface wettability and causing it to be more hydrophilic.
Active Control of a Chaotic Fractional Order Economic System
Authors: Baskonus Haci , Mekkaoui Toufik , Hammouch Zakia , Bulut Hasan
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a fractional order economic system is studied. An active control technique is applied to control chaos in this system. The stabilization of equilibria is obtained by both theoretical analysis and the simulation result. The numerical simulations, via the improved Adams–Bashforth algorithm, show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Simonavice Emily , Liu Pei-Yang , Ilich Jasminka , Kim Jeong-Su , Arjmandi Bahram , Panton Lynn
Published: August 2015

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) exhibit decreased physical function and quality of life (QOL) following cancer treatments. Resistance training (RT) may elicit positive changes in physical and mental well-being. This study assessed 27 BCS, pre-and post-intervention (six months) on the following variables: muscular strength (via one repetition maximum (1RM) of chest press and leg extension), physical function (via the Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance test) and QOL (via the Short Form-36 survey). RT consisted of two days/week of ten exercises including two sets of 8–12 repetitions at 52%–69% of their 1RM. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed BCS significantly (p < 0.05) increased upper (71 ± 22 to 89 ± 22 kg) and lower body (74 ± 18 to 93 ± 24 kg) strength, total physical function (65.5 ± 12.1 to 73.6 ± 12.2 units) and the subcomponents of physical function: upper body strength (63.5 ± 16.3 to 71.2 ± 16.8 units), lower body strength (58.5 ± 14.9 to 68.6 ± 16.3 units), balance and coordination (66.5 ± 12.2 to 74.6 ± 11.6 units), and endurance (67.2 ± 12.0 to 75.0 ± 11.6 units). No changes were observed over time for subjective measures of physical function and QOL. Results showed RT could be an effective means to improve objective physical function in BCS. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of RT on subjective physical function and QOL.
Scanning for Therapeutic Targets within the Cytokine Network of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: De Paepe Boel , Zschüntzsch Jana
Published: August 2015

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) constitute a heterogeneous group of chronic disorders that include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM). They represent distinct pathological entities that, most often, share predominant inflammation in muscle tissue. Many of the immunopathogenic processes behind the IIM remain poorly understood, but the crucial role of cytokines as essential regulators of the intramuscular build-up of inflammation is undisputed. This review describes the extensive cytokine network within IIM muscle, characterized by strong expression of Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFα, LTβ, BAFF), Interferons (IFNα/β/γ), Interleukins (IL-1/6/12/15/18/23) and Chemokines (CXCL9/10/11/13, CCL2/3/4/8/19/21). Current therapeutic strategies and the exploration of potential disease modifying agents based on manipulation of the cytokine network are provided. Reported responses to anti-TNFα treatment in IIM are conflicting and new onset DM/PM has been described after administration of anti-TNFα agents to treat other diseases, pointing to the complex effects of TNFα neutralization. Treatment with anti-IFNα has been shown to suppress the IFN type 1 gene signature in DM/PM patients and improve muscle strength. Beneficial effects of anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6 therapy have also been reported. Cytokine profiling in IIM aids the development of therapeutic strategies and provides approaches to subtype patients for treatment outcome prediction.
Formation of Chlorotriophenoxy Radicals from Complete Series Reactions of Chlorotriophenols with H and OH Radicals
Authors: Xu Fei , Shi Xiangli , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wenxing
Published: August 2015

The chlorothiophenoxy radicals (CTPRs) are key intermediate species in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes (PCDT/TAs). In this work, the formation of CTPRs from the complete series reactions of 19 chlorothiophenol (CTP) congeners with H and OH radicals were investigated theoretically by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The profiles of the potential energy surface were constructed at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level. The rate constants were evaluated by the canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) contribution at 600–1200 K. The present study indicates that the structural parameters, thermal data, and rate constants as well as the formation potential of CTPRs from CTPs are strongly dominated by the chlorine substitution at the ortho-position of CTPs. Comparison with the study of formation of chlorophenoxy radicals (CPRs) from chlorophenols (CPs) clearly shows that the thiophenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CTPs by H is more efficient than the phenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CPs by H, whereas the thiophenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CTPs by OH is less impactful than the phenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CPs by OH. Reactions of CTPs with H can occur more readily than that of CTPs with OH, which is opposite to the reactivity comparison of CPs with H and OH.
Resource Targets in Europe and Worldwide: An Overview
Authors: Bahn-Walkowiak Bettina , Steger Sören
Published: August 2015

For 20 years, the number of resource policy approaches with direct and indirect relations to raw materials, resource and material efficiency has grown enormously at national and international level. This discussion paper makes an inventory of different political and regulatory approaches that contain a direct or indirect reference to resources such as construction materials, industrial minerals, or metals. They are examined and evaluated regarding foci and resource priorities as well as further categories such as target lines, governance levels, indicators used, integration into wider target systems, specification, and implementation. The aim is to provide an overview of the spectrum of resource objectives in international, European, and national strategies, programs, and initiatives. The closer analysis of raw material targets embedded in the policy programs and legal approaches reveals that most goals lack a time frame and a concrete vision, thus remain at a strategic level. To complement the overview, the state of research in the field of modeling and simulation is briefly discussed. Concluding remarks concerning their relation to the objectives identified and the task of target setting complete the discussion.
Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods
Authors: Moffett Kevan , Nardin William , Silvestri Sonia , Wang Chen , Temmerman Stijn
Published: August 2015

Multiple stable states are established in coastal tidal wetlands (marshes, mangroves, deltas, seagrasses) by ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological feedbacks. Catastrophic shifts between states can be induced by gradual environmental change or by disturbance events. These feedbacks and outcomes are key to the sustainability and resilience of vegetated coastlines, especially as modulated by human activity, sea level rise, and climate change. Whereas multiple stable state theory has been invoked to model salt marsh responses to sediment supply and sea level change, there has been comparatively little empirical verification of the theory for salt marshes or other coastal wetlands. Especially lacking is long-term evidence documenting if or how stable states are established and maintained at ecosystem scales. Laboratory and field-plot studies are informative, but of necessarily limited spatial and temporal scope. For the purposes of long-term, coastal-scale monitoring, remote sensing is the best viable option. This review summarizes the above topics and highlights the emerging promise and challenges of using remote sensing-based analyses to validate coastal wetland dynamic state theories. This significant opportunity is further framed by a proposed list of scientific advances needed to more thoroughly develop the field.
A Trajectory-Based Coverage Assessment Approach for Universal Sensor Networks
Authors: Qin Ningning , Zheng Xin , Tian Guiyun
Published: August 2015

To solve the problem of coverage performance assessment, this study proposes an evaluation method based on the trajectory of the target, which is applicable to universal sensor networks, including both heterogeneous and homogeneous sensor networks. Different from the traditional Voronoi algorithm, the proposed Improved Coverage Force Division (ICFD) plans a coverage force division map whichscales the qualitative coverage performancebasedon both covering intensities andlocations of the nodes. Furthermore, the Trajectory-based Evaluating Schedule (TES) is responsible for solving the quantitative coverage evaluationproblem by measuringthe resulting trajectories’ Balance Values (BVs). A model of weak-point ranking conjoined in consideration of coverage force and distance can guide future deployment to compensate coverage. Comparative trials using the greedy algorithm, Voronoi algorithm, and the proposed TES verify that TES achieves the approximate results for two-stage and multistage heterogeneous sensor networks with acceptable difference and lower complexity, and it is superior to the Voronoi algorithm in homogeneous sensor networks interms of breaking the four-point circle block.
Making Nature Valuable, Not Profitable: Are Payments for Ecosystem Services Suitable for Degrowth?
Authors: Muniz Rodrigo , Cruz Maria
Published: August 2015

The growth economy imposes multiple crises on humanity and the natural world. To challenge this economic growth imperative, the degrowth movement emerges as a dissident response. Although within an economic growth perspective, payments for ecosystem services (PES) have also been proposed to attenuate the negative impacts of capitalism, as a redistributive mechanism that is claimed to deliver equitable conservation and sustainability. Degrowth has notably similar concerns, although it is inclined to argue against PES traditional ideologies and practices, which lead conservation to perceive nature within economic growth and market ideologies, diminishing the relationship between humans and nature. In spite of that, PES are becoming a strong trend in environmental governance. This paper attempts to examine whether PES are, and how they could be suitable for degrowth, through the lens of its main sources. In order to integrate PES and degrowth, it could require a PES reconceptualization. Although we assert that PES are not the most appropriate instrument for conservation, we argue that maybe PES could contribute to degrowth as a transition instrument toward fostering better practices. However, it is important to elucidate how they can be used and under which circumstances they could be appropriate.
Preferences Matter: A Constructive Approach to Incorporating Local Stakeholders’ Preferences in the Sustainability Evaluation of Energy Technologies
Authors: Grafakos Stelios , Flamos Alexandros , Enseñado Elena
Published: August 2015

This research paper aims at developing and applying a constructive weighting methodology for the elicitation of local stakeholders’ preferences regarding a set of sustainability evaluation criteria during the assessment of low-carbon energy technologies. The overall methodology has been applied and tested for the sustainability evaluation of selected low-carbon energy technologies in Europe from a local stakeholders’ perspective. The researchers applied a constructive weighting methodology based on different Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA) techniques to test the consistency of stakeholders’ preferences. The methodology was piloted based on a small-scale European local stakeholders’ survey within the framework of Covenant CapaCITY, an Intelligent Energy Europe project that supports the development of Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs). It became evident that the local stakeholders who participated placed high priorities on aspects such as CO2eq emissions reduction, ecosystem damages reduction, and resilience to climate change during the evaluation of low-carbon energy technologies. Considering the overall energy technologies assessment, wind off-shore, solar PV, hydropower, and wind on-shore achieved the highest scores and better reflected the priorities of local stakeholders considering a large set of multiple sustainability criteria. The high number of criteria led to some inconsistencies of stakeholders’ preferences, confirming the need for consistency checks and/or combining different methods of preference elicitation.
Network Theory Integrated Life Cycle Assessment for an Electric Power System
Authors: Kim Heetae , Holme Petter
Published: August 2015

In this study, we allocate Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electricity transmission to the consumers. As an allocation basis, we introduce energy distance. Energy distance takes the transmission load on the electricity energy system into account in addition to the amount of electricity consumption. As a case study, we estimate regional GHG emissions of electricity transmission loss in Chile. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to estimate the total GHG emissions of the Chilean electric power system. The regional GHG emission of transmission loss is calculated from the total GHG emissions. We construct the network model of Chilean electric power grid as an undirected network with 466 nodes and 543 edges holding the topology of the power grid based on the statistical record. We analyze the total annual GHG emissions of the Chilean electricity energy system as 23.07 Mt CO2-eq. and 1.61 Mt CO2-eq. for the transmission loss, respectively. The total energy distance for the electricity transmission accounts for 12,842.10 TWh km based on network analysis. We argue that when the GHG emission of electricity transmission loss is estimated, the electricity transmission load should be separately considered. We propose network theory as a useful complement to LCA analysis for the complex allocation. Energy distance is especially useful on a very large-scale electric power grid such as an intercontinental transmission network.
Warning Model for Shallow Landslides Induced by Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Chien Lien-Kwei , Hsu Chia-Feng , Yin Li-Chung
Published: August 2015

In this study, the geophysical properties of the landslide-prone catchment of the Gaoping River in Taiwan were investigated using zones based on landslide history in conjunction with landslide analysis using a deterministic approach based on the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-Stability) model. Typhoon Morakot in 2009 was selected as a simulation scenario to calibrate the combination of geophysical parameters in each zone before analyzing changes in the factor of safety (FS). Considering the amount of response time required for typhoons, suitable FS thresholds for landslide warnings are proposed for each town in the catchment area. Typhoon Fanapi of 2010 was used as a test scenario to verify the applicability of the FS as well as the efficacy of the cumulative rainfall thresholds derived in this study. Finally, the amount of response time provided by the FS thresholds in cases of yellow and red alerts was determined. All five of the landslide events reported by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau were listed among the unstable sites identified in the proposed model, thereby demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy in determining unstable areas and areas that require evacuation. These cumulative rainfall thresholds provide a valuable reference to guide disaster prevention authorities in the issuance of yellow and red alerts with the ability to reduce losses and save lives.
Is a Possible-Worlds Semantics of Modality Possible? A Problem for Kratzer's Semantics
Authors: Zvolenszky Zsófia
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Monotonicity and Focus Sensitivity
Authors: Beaver David I. , Clark Brady Z.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A New Semantics for Number
Authors: Sauerland Uli
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Free Indirect Discourse and 'De Re' Pronouns
Authors: Sharvit Yael
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The Semantics of Imperatives within a Theory of Clause Types
Authors: Portner Paul
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Aspects of "Too" and "Enough" Constructions
Authors: Hacquard Valentine
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Lexical Decomposition and Comparative Structures for Japanese Determiners
Authors: Tanaka Takuro
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Weak Exhaustivity and 'Whether': A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Guerzoni Elena
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Only the Strong: Restricting Situation Variables
Authors: Keshet Ezra
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Gradable epistemic modals, probability, and scale structure
Authors: Lassiter Daniel
Published: August 2015

The epistemic modals possible, probable, likely, and certain require a semantics which explains their behavior both as modal operators and as gradable adjectives. An analysis of these items in terms of Kennedy & McNally's theory of gradability suggests that they are associated with a single, fully closed scale of possibility. An implementation using the standard theory of modality due to Kratzer is shown to make incorrect predictions in several domains. However, if the scale of possibility is identified with standard numerical probability, the facts about gradability are explained and the undesirable predictions of Kratzer's theory are avoided.
Marking aspect along a scale: The semantics of -te iku and -te kuru in Japanese
Authors: Kubota Yusuke
Published: August 2015

This paper proposes an analysis of two aspectual markers "-te iku" and "-te kuru" in Japanese within a scale-based approach to semantics, focusing on cases in which they occur with degree achievements (or, incremental change of state predicate). It will be shown that the complex telicity and entailment patterns that these aspectual markers exhibit when they occur with degree achievements in Japanese can be explained by analyzing them as operators that change the scale structures of the predicates that they take as arguments.
Modals are monsters: on indexical shift in English
Authors: Santorio Paolo
Published: August 2015

I argue, contra Kaplan, that all English indexicals are shiftable. Starting from a new puzzle involving epistemic conditionals, I propose a semantics that accounts for embeddings of indexicals under non-metaphysical modals like might or believe. The central idea is that indexicals are variables: epistemic and doxastic modals are able to shift them by shifting the value of the assignment function. So all epistemic and doxastic modals turn out to be Kaplanian monsters. I close by arguing that the monstrous account has empirical advantages on the classical semantics for attitudes in the Kaplan tradition, and in particular on the recent version of it proposed by Percus and Sauerland.
Negative Islands and obviation by 'wa' in Japanese degree questions
Authors: Schwarz Bernhard , Shimoyama Junko
Published: August 2015

This paper aims to explain the observation (not previously reported) that -wa obviates Negative Island effects in Japanese degree questions. The explanation offered ties this obviation to epistemic implications associated with -wa, deriving the latter in a (Neo-)Gricean framework. The explanation relies on Fox & Hackl’s (2006) view that Negative Islands in degree questions are due to the necessary failure of a Maximality Presupposition, but it abandons their proposal that such presuppositions must be calculated under the assumption that scales of degrees are invariably dense.
On the semantics of when-clauses
Authors: Hall David Patrick , Caponigro Ivano
Published: August 2015

This paper is about non-interrogative temporal embedded clauses introduced by when (temporal when-clauses), their semantic interpretation and their syntax/semantics mapping. Our goal is to provide a fully compositional account of temporal when-clauses that accounts for their formal identity with interrogative clauses and their difference in meaning. The main idea is that temporal when-clauses are syntactically and semantically free relative clauses. Previous syntactic analyses (Grimshaw 1977, Bresnan and Grimshaw 1978, a.o) have provided robust support to the syntactic side of this claim. On the other hand, the semantic proposals for temporal when-clauses that we are aware of (Bonomi 1997, Vikner 2004, Moens and Steedman 1988) have ignored these syntactic conclusions and have argued for analyses that are problematic for the syntactic/semantic mapping. These semantic analyses are also not fully adequate in handling the interpretative properties of these clauses. We provide evidence from the distributional and interpretive properties of when-clauses as well as from the temporal alignment of the matrix clause with the when-clause that supports our analysis.
Height-Relative Determination of (Non-Root) Modal Flavor: Evidence from Hindi
Authors: Kush Dave
Published: August 2015

In this paper it is proposed that modal flavor is determined by the attachment height of a modal. The various interpretations of the Hindi future marker -gaa, which is taken to be a modal, are discussed. The idea put forth is that modal flavor is indirectly constrained by the semantic type of the modal’s prejacent instead of being solely determined via contextual assignment. Modal Bases are re-envisioned as being comprised of different types of alternatives (worlds, world-time pairs, etc.), rather than just sets of worlds determined by different accessibility relations. The correlation between height and attachment site falls out as a consequence of the different types of alternatives a Modal Bases make available for semantic computation.
The meaning of the Bulgarian evidential and why it cannot express inferences about the future
Authors: Smirnova Anastasia
Published: August 2015

The paper presents a uniform analysis of the Bulgarian evidential in reportative and inferential contexts. The Bulgarian evidential is analyzed as having both a temporal and an epistemic modal component. The analysis allows to explain why the evidential can be used to report false beliefs in reportative contexts but not in inferential ones, as well as why the Bulgarian evidential cannot express inferences about the future. Both cases are problematic for the previous analyses of evidentiality in Bulgarian (Izvorski 1997, Koev 2011).
Mood and Contextual Commitment
Authors: Portner Paul , Rubinstein Aynat
Published: August 2015

Many recent analyses of mood selection in Romance and Balkan rely on the idea that subjunctive is triggered by a modal predicate whose meaning is comparative. We work out a precise version of this idea, which we call the Proto-Standard Theory, and show that it runs into problems with a variety of indicative-selecting predicates in French. We then develop and argue in favor of an alternative account based on individuals being Contextually Committed towards the modal parameters used to give the meaning of the predicate.
Indefinite Donkeys on Islands
Authors: Onea Edgar
Published: August 2015

In this paper I present a theory of indefinites which captures two of their natural properties: indefinites license donkey anaphora (Geach 1962) and they exhibit ‘specific’ readings in which they appear to scope out of scope islands. In various flavours of dynamic semantics (Kamp 1981, Heim 1982, Dekker (2004)), these properties can be captured to the detriment of compositionally. Other theories have employed more involved technical machinery like choice functions (Kratzer 1998, von Heusinger 2002), Hamblin-semantics (Kratzer & Shimoyama 2002) or independence friendly logics (Brasoveanu & Farkas 2011) to derive exceptional scope readings, but ignored donkey anaphora. Theories of E-type anaphora, on the other hand, generally do not consider exceptional scope readings (Heim 1990, Elbourne 2001). My own analysis combines insights from dynamic semantics with referential indexing in LF-semantics, resulting in a fully compositional, static system.
Comparative Ellipsis and Variable Binding
Authors: Lerner Jan , Pinkal Manfred
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Information Packaging: From Cards To Boxes
Authors: Hendriks Herman
Published: August 2015

In his work on information packaging-i.e., the structuring of propositional content in function of the speaker's assumptions about the hearer's information state­ Vallduví (1992, 1993, 1994) identifies the informational primitives focus, link and tail, which are adapted from the traditional focus/ground and topic/comment ap­proaches, and argues that the exploitation of information states of hearers by the information-packaging strategies of speakers reveals that these states have at least the internal structure of a system of Heimian file cards: links, which correspond to what are traditionally known as topics, say where-on what file card-the focal information goes, and tails indicate how it fits there. Since there are various reasons for not believing this, the present paper proposes to model information states as Kampian discourse representation structures, without locations. This requires and leads to a different perspective on the function of links. They signal non-monotone anaphora: their discourse referent Y is anaphoric to an antecedent discourse marker X such that X ? Y. This idea will be shown to subsume 'non-identity' anaphora, contrastive stress, pronoun referent resolution, and restrictiveness of relatives and adjectives.
Towards a Dynamic Semantics Account of Weak Islands
Authors: Honcoop Martin
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Micro-Events in Two Serial Verb Constructions
Authors: Pi Chia-Yi Tony , Stewart Osamuyimen T.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Temporally Restricted Generics
Authors: Greenberg Yael
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Understanding cirrus ice crystal number variability for different heterogeneous ice nucleation spectra
Authors: Sullivan S. C. , Morales Betancourt R. , Barahona D. , Nenes A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Along with minimizing parameter uncertainty, understanding the cause of temporal and spatial variability of nucleated ice crystal number, Ni, is key to improving the representation of cirrus clouds in climate models. To this end, sensitivities of Ni to input variables like aerosol number and diameter provide valuable information about nucleation regime and efficiency for a given model formulation. Here we use the adjoint model of the Barahona and Nenes cirrus formation parameterization to understand Ni variability for various ice-nucleating particle (INP) spectra. Inputs are generated with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5, and simulations are done with a theoretically-derived spectrum, a lab-based empirical spectrum, and two field-based empirical spectra that differ in the nucleation threshold for black carbon aerosol and in the active site density for dust. The magnitude and sign of Ni sensitivity to insoluble aerosol number can be directly linked to nucleation regime and efficiency of various INP. The lab-based spectrum calculates much higher INP efficiencies than field-based ones, which reveals a disparity in aerosol surface properties. Ni sensitivity to temperature tends to be low, due to the compensating effects of temperature on INP spectrum parameters; this low temperature sensitivity regime has been experimentally reported before but never unraveled as done here.
Phytoplankton calcification as an effective mechanism to prevent cellular calcium poisoning
Authors: Müller M. N. , Barcelos e Ramos J. , Schulz K. G. , Riebesell U. , Kaźmierczak J. , Gallo F. , Mackinder L. , Li Y. , Nesterenko P. N. , Trull T. W. , Hallegraeff G. M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Marine phytoplankton has developed the remarkable ability to tightly regulate the concentration of free calcium ions in the intracellular cytosol at a level of ~ 0.1 μmol L−1 in the presence of seawater Ca2+ concentrations of 10 mmol L−1. The low cytosolic calcium ion concentration is of utmost importance for proper cell signalling function. While the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the tight control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration are not completely understood, phytoplankton taxonomic groups appear to have evolved different strategies, which may affect their ability to cope with changes in seawater Ca2+ concentrations in their environment on geological time scales. For example, the Cretaceous (145 to 66 Ma ago), an era known for the high abundance of coccolithophores and the production of enormous calcium carbonate deposits, exhibited seawater calcium concentrations up to four times present-day levels. We show that calcifying coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus braarudii) are able to maintain their relative fitness (in terms of growth rate and photosynthesis) at simulated Cretaceous seawater calcium concentrations, whereas these rates are severely reduced under these conditions in some non-calcareous phytoplankton species (Chaetoceros sp., Ceratoneis closterium and Heterosigma akashiwo). Most notably, this also applies to a non-calcifying strain of E. huxleyi which displays a calcium-sensitivity similar to the non-calcareous species. We hypothesize that the process of calcification in coccolithophores provides an efficient mechanism to prevent cellular calcium poisoning and thereby offered a potential key evolutionary advantage, responsible for the proliferation of coccolithophores during times of high seawater calcium concentrations.
GO2OGS: a versatile workflow to integrate complex geological information with fault data into numerical simulation models
Authors: Fischer T. , Walther M. , Sattler S. , Naumov D. , Kolditz O.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. We offer a versatile workflow to convert geological models built with the software Paradigm™ GOCAD© into the open-source VTU format for the usage in numerical simulation models. Tackling relevant scientific questions or engineering tasks often involves multidisciplinary approaches. Conversion workflows are needed as a way of communication between the diverse tools of the various disciplines. Our approach offers an open-source, platform independent, robust, and comprehensible method that is potentially useful for a multitude of similar environmental studies. With two application examples in the Thuringian Syncline, we show how a heterogeneous geological GOCAD model including multiple layers and faults can be used for numerical groundwater flow modelling. The presented workflow offers the chance to incorporate increasingly detailed data, utilizing growing availability of computational power to simulate numerical models.
A intervenção de intelectuais na reforma educacional do governo militar: discursos e práticas nas escolas municipais de Curitiba
Authors: Viana Iêda
Published: August 2015

O artigo trata da intervenção de intelectuais da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no processo da reforma escolar proveniente da Lei 5692/71 e das implicações dessa lei, especialmente com relação à disciplina escolar de História, que passa a ser integrada a uma área de ensino, junto com a Geografia, conforme o Parecer nº 853/71 do CFE, com a institucionalização dos Estudos Sociais no currículo do ensino de primeiro grau, nas escolas municipais de Curitiba, através de um projeto específico: “Estudos Sociais a partir da longa duração”, com a consultoria dos intelectuais. O objetivo geral foi investigar como se deu essa intervenção no processo reformador e seus resultados, ou seja, como o projeto foi difundido em seu discurso curricular e praticado na sala de aula, destacando permanências e transformações nesse campo de conhecimento escolar. A história oral e documentos escritos serviram de aporte metodológico para a pesquisa, cujos resultados revelam que nem sempre as estratégias políticas do governo militar (1964- 1985) tiveram o êxito almejado e que a intervenção de intelectuais nesse processo pode ter servido para reforçar a manutenção de propostas conservadoras por tempo mais prolongado, embora introduzindo algumas mudanças.
Assessing Minerals Status of Dairy Animals in South-West Zone of Punjab
Authors: Bhanderi B. M. , Garg M.R. , Sherasia P.L.
Published: August 2015

A study was carried out to assess dietary macro and micro-minerals status of milch buffaloes in Firozpur, Mansa and Muktsar districts, under South-West Zone of Punjab. Feeds and fodder samples were collected at random from various locations, following standard sampling procedure. The average calcium (Ca) content in straws was low (0.28%). Green fodders such as berseem (1.88%), chikori (1.26%), oat (0.45%), rye grass (0.56%) and mustard (1.34%) were found to be rich source of Ca. Concentrate feed ingredients such as mustard cake (0.68%), cottonseed cake (0.23%), rice polish (0.11%) and wheat flour (0.053%) were high to low in Ca. The phosphorus (P) content in crop residues and green fodders was 0.08 and 0.47 per cent, respectively. Concentrate feed ingredients were high (0.78%) in P. The magnesium content in roughages and concentrate feed ingredients was 0.31 and 0.41 per cent, respectively. The sodium content was low in concentrate ingredients (0.043%) and dry fodder (0.065%), but high in green fodder (0.63%). The sulphur content was adequate in green fodder (0.32%), whereas, crop residues (0.16%) and concentrate ingredients (0.18%), except mustard cake (0.33%) were deficient in sulphur; hence, its supplementation was necessary in the ration of milch animals. The cobalt was deficient in the diet of animals to the extent of 45 per cent; however, iron (average level > 500 ppm) and manganese (average level > 60 ppm) in most of the feed ingredients were adequate, with traditional feeding system. The average copper content was very low in straws (2.94 ppm) and moderate in green fodders (11.93 ppm). Concentrate ingredients were again low in copper (9.19 ppm). Zinc was deficient in most of the feedstuffs (average level<38 ppm) and needed to be supplemented for proper productive and reproductive functions. From the present study, it was apparent that the levels of certain minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc, copper and cobalt were inadequate, as per the prevailing feeding practices and requirement of buffalo yielding 10 kg milk (6% fat) per day. However, the levels of some other mineral elements such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese and selenium were found to be adequate in the South-West Zone of Punjab
Frozen in Translation: Biobanks as a Tool for Cancer Research
Authors: Martins Ana Teresa , Carneiro Isa , Monteiro-Reis Sara , Lobo João , Luís Ana , Carmen Jerónimo Carmen , Henrique Rui
Published: August 2015

In the context of translational cancer research, biobanks are key infrastructures that provide high quality biological samples, coupled with relevant clinical and pathological information. This role can only be successfully accomplished through the implementation of standardized procedures that ensure proper collection, handling, processing, storage and recording of tissue samples, following strict legal and ethical regulations. Biobank networking is fundamental for dissemination of good practices and to help in the establishment of new infrastructures that improve the assessment of heterogeneity among tumor types and across patient cohorts. Growing demands for large number of homogenously preserved tumor tissue samples can only be met through a more intense cooperation among biobanks, facilitated by networks that foster cooperation at international level. The potential of biobanks as fundamental tools for translational cancer research can only be achieved through a concerted effort from biobankers, researchers, legislators and tissue donors that may allow for improved sample exchange.
Weight Loss Intervention in Young Adults with Severe Learning Disabilities: The Additive Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (a Pilot Study)
Authors: Vaisman Nachum , Regev Rachel , Katalan Lior , Duani Yael
Published: August 2015

The prevalence of obesity is reported to be higher among people with intellectual disabilities compared to the general population. Factors which were suggested to contribute to this increased prevalence include: low adherence to healthy diets, poor level of physical activity, intellectual disabilities and the lack of residential settings supporting independence. This study was designed to evaluate the additive effect of an intervention in the form of cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) in a multi-strategy weight loss program for young adults with severe learning disabilities living in group residences in the community. The study population included 28 subjects (12 males) who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups had a weekly meeting with a dietician and were invited to take part in walking groups. One group (intervention group) had on top a weekly session of CBT. The results of our study indicate that adding a CBT component to a conventional program aiming at improved nutritional understanding (prudent diet, physical activity) of subjects with LD may improve the success for change in life habits, yet, in our study this effect was noticeable only on follow up few months after study termination. Neither group differences at baseline nor differences in the scoring for the locus of control questionnaire at baseline could predict this outcome. This delayed impact warrants further investigation.
Gay and bisexual men's awareness and knowledge of treatment as prevention: findings from the Momentum Health Study in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Carter Allison , Lachowsky Nathan , Rich Ashleigh , Forrest Jamie I , Sereda Paul , Cui Zishan , Roth Eric , Kaida Angela , Moore David , Montaner Julio SG , Hogg Robert S
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Awareness and knowledge of treatment as prevention (TasP) was assessed among HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods

Baseline cross‐sectional survey data were analyzed for GBMSM enrolled, via respondent‐driven sampling (RDS), in the Momentum Health Study. TasP awareness was defined as ever versus never heard of the term “TasP.” Multivariable logistic regression identified covariates of TasP awareness. Among those aware of TasP, men's level of knowledge of TasP was explored through an examination of self‐perceived knowledge levels, risk perceptions and short‐answer definitions of TasP which were coded as “complete” if three TasP‐related components were identified (i.e. HIV treatment, viral suppression and prevention of transmission). Information source was also assessed. Analyses were stratified by HIV status and RDS adjusted.

Results

Of 719 participants, 23% were HIV‐positive, 68% Caucasian and median age was 33 (Interquartile range (IQR) 26,47). Overall, 46% heard of TasP with differences by HIV status [69% HIV‐positive vs. 41% HIV‐negative GBMSM (p<0.0001)]. In adjusted models: HIV‐positive GBMSM were more likely to have heard of TasP if they were Canadian born, unemployed, not using party drugs and had higher CD4 counts; HIV‐negative GBMSM were more likely to have heard of TasP if they were Caucasian (vs. Aboriginal), students, had higher education, a regular partner and multiple sexual partners. Among those aware of TasP 91% of HIV‐positive and 69% of HIV‐negative GBMSM (p<0.0001) felt they knew “a lot” or “a bit in general” about TasP; 64 and 41% (p=0.002) felt HIV treatment made the risk of transmission “a lot lower”; and 21 and 13% (p<0.0001) demonstrated “complete” TasP definitions. The leading information source was doctors (44%) for HIV‐positive GBMSM and community agencies (38%) for HIV‐negative GBMSM, followed by gay media for both populations (34%).

Conclusions

Nearly half of GBMSM in this study reported having heard of TasP, yet only 14% demonstrated complete understanding of the concept. Variations in TasP awareness and knowledge by HIV status, and key socio‐demographic, behavioural and clinical factors, highlight a need for health communication strategies relevant to diverse communities of GBMSM in order to advance overall TasP health literacy.
SnRK1-triggered switch of bZIP63 dimerization mediates the low-energy response in plants
Authors: Mair Andrea , Pedrotti Lorenzo , Wurzinger Bernhard , Anrather Dorothea , Simeunovic Andrea , Weiste Christoph , Valerio Concetta , Dietrich Katrin , Kirchler Tobias , Nägele Thomas , Vicente Carbajosa Jesús , Hanson Johannes , Baena-González Elena , Chaban Christina , Weckwerth Wolfram , Dröge-Laser Wolfgang , Teige Markus
Published: August 2015

Metabolic adjustment to changing environmental conditions, particularly balancing of growth and defense responses, is crucial for all organisms to survive. The evolutionary conserved AMPK/Snf1/SnRK1 kinases are well-known metabolic master regulators in the low-energy response in animals, yeast and plants. They act at two different levels: by modulating the activity of key metabolic enzymes, and by massive transcriptional reprogramming. While the first part is well established, the latter function is only partially understood in animals and not at all in plants. Here we identified the Arabidopsis transcription factor bZIP63 as key regulator of the starvation response and direct target of the SnRK1 kinase. Phosphorylation of bZIP63 by SnRK1 changed its dimerization preference, thereby affecting target gene expression and ultimately primary metabolism. A bzip63 knock-out mutant exhibited starvation-related phenotypes, which could be functionally complemented by wild type bZIP63, but not by a version harboring point mutations in the identified SnRK1 target sites.
Observed eastward progression of the Fukushima 134Cs signal across the North Pacific
Authors: Yoshida Sachiko , Macdonald Alison M. , Jayne Steven R. , Rypina Irina I. , Buesseler Ken O.
Published: August 2015

Radionuclide samples taken as part of hydrographic surveys at 30°N in the North Pacific reveal that the easternmost edge of Fukushima‐derived 134Cs observed at 174.3°W in 2012 had progressed eastward across the basin to 160.6°W by 2013. The 2013 30°N observations indicate surface 134Cs concentrations of 3–5 Bq/m3 between 160°E and 160°W, slightly lower concentrations west of 160°E and no detectable signal east of 160.6°W. Profile samples show 134Cs penetration to 500 m west of 180° with shoaling penetration depth toward to the east. The near‐uniform vertical distribution of 137Cs between 152°W and 121.3°W in the top 500 m is indicative of trace amounts of radionuclides remaining from weapons testing. The physical processes responsible for the deep 134Cs penetration in the western Pacific appear to be related to distinct water mass subduction pathways; however, the timing and rapidity of deep penetration over the broad scales observed has yet to be clarified.