bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Decision Tree Classification Algorithms for Blended Learning Analytics in WEKA
Authors: Mitschek Marivic , Esquivel Rosanna
Published: April 2024

This study explores the application of decision tree classification algorithms for analyzing student performance data within a blended learning environment. The analysis, conducted using WEKA 3.8.6, focused on four attributes believed to influence student performance: course type, course level outcome (CLO), topic learning outcome (TLO), and level of assessment. A comparative analysis of J48, Random Forest, and SimpleCart algorithms revealed valuable insights. J48 demonstrated efficiency in model building, while Random Forest offered a balance between interpretability and accuracy. SimpleCart achieved the highest classification accuracy but could be less interpretable. The selection of the optimal algorithm depends on the analytical goals. J48 is suitable for rapid exploration, while SimpleCart prioritizes accuracy. Random Forest offers a compromise for scenarios where both understanding and accuracy are important. This study provides a foundation for understanding student performance through decision trees and highlights opportunities for further exploration using additional attributes, rule-based learners, and other machine learning algorithms. By leveraging these techniques, educators within blended learning environments can gain a deeper understanding of student performance and tailor their practices to optimize learning outcomes.
Correlation Meaning of Inheritance Arrangement in Kutuh Village
Authors: Vina Widiadnya Putri I Gusti Ayu , Juniartha I Wayan , Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra I Gusti Ngurah
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyse the text of national law and the text of customary law on inheritance. This research is a forensic linguistic study to find the correlation of meaning between national legal texts and customary law texts and their implementation in society. The approach in this study is a qualitative research approach with text analysis. The method used is observation, recording, and interviews with community leaders in Kutuh village. The observation method with note-taking technique was carried out to find the correlation of meaning in national legal texts with customary law texts. The conversant method with face-to-face technique was carried out to find out the implementation of the legal text that governs indigenous peoples in the Kutuh village. The problems were analysed using the theory of forensic linguistics and supported by the theory of meaning. The result of this research is a positive correlation between national legal texts and customary law texts based on the meaning of the words in the text regulations on community inheritance rights. In addition, a positive correlation was also found in the implementation of customary law texts in the community.
The Aesthetics and Mechanics of African Dance, Costumes and Rattles in Yibo Koko’s Seki Dance Drama
Authors: Ihunwo Ovunda C.
Published: April 2024

With its distinctive form and content, African dance stands apart, carving out a unique identity that sets it apart from other continents. Its inherent rhythm possesses a magnetic quality capable of compelling people to move, transcending language barriers—an attribute that has propelled African musicians, particularly those from Nigeria, to a dominating position on the global music stage. This paper delves into traditional African dance, explicitly focusing on the rhythmic opulence found in the dance of rattles, costumes, and water pots within Seki. This captivating dance drama pays homage to the vibrant culture of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, Africa. Authored by Yibo Koko, the Seki dance drama undergoes a transformative journey, skilfully repackaging the traditional village square theatre into a digitalized theatrical experience accessible both as a live performance and in the dynamic space of new media. The paper employs a robust methodology and theoretical framework, drawing on dance theories, historical surveys, and analytical reviews of Seki performances to unravel the nuanced layers of this artistic expression. In scrutinizing Seki, this paper not only sheds light on the captivating exploration of rhythmic elements, including rattles, costumes, and water pots, but also underscores the broader impact of Seki's performance. The dance drama is a compelling canvas that radiates colours and a flawless rhythm, capturing global attention and playing a pivotal role in restoring the splendour of African ancestry. Through this repackaged theatre experience, Seki becomes a vehicle for exporting African culture, offering a renewed perspective that transcends borders and celebrates the rich heritage embedded in the dance's vibrant tapestry.
Developing Local MSMEs with Indonesian Socio-Culture Service Learning for Muria's Processed Parijoto Fruit
Authors: Ananingsih Victoria Kristina , Putra Yohanes Alan Sarsita , Pratiwi Alberta Rika , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: April 2024

The concept of entrepreneurship empowerment was explored in depth to highlight its multifaceted nature and its role in fostering economic growth and cultivating a positive community mindset, which in turn spurred the development of essential infrastructure contributing to community empowerment. Service Learning, as a strategy for community entrepreneurship empowerment in the Indonesian culture, was enacted through the collaboration of faculty and university students who were acknowledged for their capacity to deliver authentic learning experiences. It, thereby, facilitated the acquisition of both soft and hard skills. This initiative exemplified the coordinated efforts among universities, such as the local MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Community of processed Parijoto fruit, and its various partners. The execution of this community service program, which was done in Muria, comprised six primary phases: surveying, conducting interviews, gathering data, preparing materials, engaging in focus group discussions, formulating action plans, and conducting evaluations and reflections. The outcomes encompassed the analysis of laboratory products, educational sessions, mentoring activities, and the creation of educational resources. While the assessment of processing parijoto fruit yielded positive impacts from the endeavor,  it was found to have a need to optimize support from businesses to sustain a conducive environment for MSMEs. Such entrepreneurship training initiatives have demonstrated efficacy in empowering communities and generating further prospects for individuals residing in rural areas.
EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS WITH ASSOCIATION RULE MINING ALGORITHMS IN THE RETAIL INDUSTRY
Authors:   School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia, Hashad Alaa Amin , Khai Wah Khaw ,   School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia, Alnoor Alhamzah ,   Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq, Chew XinYing ,   School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Every year the retail sector expands quickly. These industries are becoming more competitive and difficult to operate in due to their expansion. Changing consumer buying habits, a decline in people's spending capacity and an increase in international retailers are a few of the difficulties that must be overcome. In the context of mining frequent item sets, many methods have been proposed to push various kinds of limitations inside the most well-known algorithms. This study presents an exploratory analysis for retail stores that uses market basket analysis as one of the data mining techniques to identify frequent patterns in customer purchases. The proposed method is based on comparing two algorithms: Apriori and Frequent Pattern Growth (FP- Growth). The study used a retail store dataset consisting of 522,064 rows and 7 variables. Data pre-processing was performed to clean and encode the data to be used in the model. The dataset limitation involves 25% null values in the ID column. To address this, missing customer IDs are filled with the last valid ID, assuming repeated purchases. The FP-Growth algorithm was found to be faster and more effective than the Apriori algorithm in extracting frequent item sets and generating association rules. The retail industry based on these frequent item sets is expected to increase sales by recommending highly associated items to customers.
SIR FRACTIONAL ORDER OF COVID-19 by ADAMS BASHFORTH-MOULTON METHOD
Authors:   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia., Sadikin Zubaidah , Md Ali Zaileha ,   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia., Rusly Fatin Nadira ,   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia., Abu Hassan Nuramira Husna ,   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia., Batcha Siti Rahimah ,   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia., Nordin Noratika ,   College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: April 2024

This study addresses a research gap by introducing fractional order derivatives into the SIR model for tracking COVID-19 in Malaysia. The Caputo sense fractional derivative and the Adams Bashforth Moulton method are employed to analyse the COVID-19 behavior and stability. By manipulating fractional order derivative values, this study investigates their impact on key SIR parameters, observing that lower values accelerate the attainment of asymptotic behavior in populations. The stability analysis reveals two equilibrium points: an unstable disease-free equilibrium and a stable endemic equilibrium within the system. This pioneering exploration of fractional order derivatives in the context of Malaysia's COVID-19 modeling contributes valuable insights, enhancing our understanding the behavior of the disease.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF HYPERBOLIC GOURSAT PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH HYBRID CENTRAL DIFFERENCE - TAYLOR SERIES EXPANSIONS METHOD
Authors:   College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72500 Kula Pilah, Malaysia, Deraman Ros Fadilah , Nasir Mohd Agos Salim ,   College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Shah Alam, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia, Saian Rizauddin ,   College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates a new method for solving the Goursat partial differential equation (PDE) using a combination of the central finite difference method (FDM) and Taylor series expansion. The study evaluates the effectiveness and accuracy of this new approach, analyzing linear Goursat problems and conducting multiple numerical experiments. The simulation study demonstrates that the suggested approach surpasses the existing method in terms of performance and accuracy. Applying this proposed scheme will minimize the cost, especially for engineers that might apply this model in solving their real-life problems.
Vietnam 2023, año de avance en su proyecto nacional
Authors: Reyes López Maricela Mireya
Published: April 2024

Los acontecimientos en Vietnam en materia económica y política, de octubre de 2022 a septiembre de 2023, han fortalecido la imagen de este país en el ámbito internacional. Parte del prestigio se debe al esfuerzo de su trabajadora población, a las políticas públicas implementadas acordes con la realidad y al compromiso que ha adquirido en la esfera internacional con algunos Estados e instituciones internacionales. Es posible que, al menos en la región del sureste de Asia y Asia Pacífico, el esfuerzo visible de Vietnam sea evidente para actores internacionales. La excepción sigue siendo Singapur, pero si hablamos de los nuevos logros, Vietnam ocupa un lugar privilegiado como Estado.
El círculo platense La Anarquía y el Tercer Certamen Socialista Libertario (1898)
Authors: Caamaño Francisco
Published: April 2024

En mayo del año 1898 se desarrolló en la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina) el Tercer Certamen Socialista Libertario. El evento, organizado por los redactores del periódico La Anarquía, fue presentado como la continuidad de otros dos certámenes producidos previamente en las ciudades españolas de Reus (1885) y Barcelona (1889). Al juzgar por los documentos históricos, el certamen platense resultó ser un rotundo fracaso en comparación con sus equivalentes españoles. La escasa asistencia, los pocos trabajos presentados y la ausencia de los principales plumas del anarquismo hicieron del certamen algo poco reconocido en su momento y que posteriormente fue olvidado tanto por los militantes ácratas como por los historiadores profesionales. En ese marco, este artículo se propone presentar una breve introducción al acontecimiento en cuestión. A partir de la observación de las actas del certamen y de la prensa anarquista argentina, se buscará sintetizar las líneas conducentes del evento, sus protagonistas y su lógica organizativa. Con la reconstrucción efectuada, se dará cuenta de los intereses manifestados por los colectivos anarquistas que participaron del hecho –principalmente, los del grupo organizador– y se propondrán, a su vez, algunas hipótesis para explicar las posibles causas que condujeron al aparente fracaso del episodio.
Experiencias de tránsito y refugio en los judíos polacos en tiempos de guerra
Authors: Teitelbaum Vanesa
Published: April 2024

Desde una óptica historiográfica reciente, que busca ampliar los márgenes geográficos del Holocausto para entenderlo en su dimensión trasnacional, América Latina constituye una región clave por su papel en el salvataje de refugiados judíos. En ese contexto, el trabajo reconstruye y examina las experiencias de tránsito y refugio de los judíos polacos que recorrieron la ruta de salvación a través del Lejano Oriente, desarrollada especialmente entre los años 1940 y 1941. El artículo analiza, principalmente, testimonios de los refugiados y documentos de organismos de ayuda y socorro, especialmente del Comité de Asistencia, de Kobe (Japón). Argumenta el despliegue de memorias que podían resultar disonantes respecto a las narrativas hegemónicas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y, por el otro, la presencia de sentimientos ambivalentes en torno a las experiencias del tránsito y del refugio. En estas páginas, indagamos, particularmente los desplazamientos de judíos polacos hacia las Américas, tomando dos casos contrastantes: Estados Unidos, principal destino del refugio judío, y México, uno de los países latinoamericanos que menos refugiados judíos recibió.
Una deuda con los/as nuestros/as: Desafíos y experiencias de reconstrucción de listados de víctimas del terrorismo de Estado del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Authors: Garaño Santiago
Published: April 2024

El 24 de marzo de 2022 en el Centro Cultural de la Ciencia (C3) la presidenta del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dra. Ana Franchi, y máximas autoridades nacionales encabezaron el acto de homenaje a víctimas del terrorismo de Estado que trabajaban allí en tiempos de la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina (1976-1983). Fue un acto histórico. No solo porque fue la primera vez que el organismo entregó copias de legajos reparados a familiares de desaparecidos/as y asesinados/as del Consejo, sino porque la Dra. Franchi leyó un profundo texto de pedido de disculpas institucional que conmovió al nutrido auditorio del C3. En este artículo me interesa dar cuenta de cómo fue el proceso de reconstrucción de esta nómina de víctimas del terrorismo de Estado del Consejo Nacional -seguramente incompleta y parcial-. No sólo tiene el objetivo de relatar los desafíos que supone este tipo de tarea de investigación, sino que pretende sistematizar la experiencia y colaborar con otras instituciones que quieran emprender empresas similares.
Demonit ja pelit: digitaalisten riivaajien lyhyt historia
Authors: Mäyrä Frans
Published: April 2024

Pelien ja demonisuuden historia on monimuotoinen ja jännitteinen. Erityisesti 1980-luvulla peleihin liitettiin uskonnollissävytteisiä uhkakuvia, mutta erilaisista kohuista riippumatta demonit ja demonologinen kuvasto ovat sitkeästi säilyttäneet asemansa osana pelikulttuuria. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan pelien demonikuvaston historiaa ja analysoidaan suosittujen peliesimerkkien kautta erilaisia keskeisimpiä aihepiirin pelillisiä ja esteettisiä ratkaisuja. Toimintapelien kontekstissa demonit ovat tarjonneet inspiraatiota pelien visuaalisesti groteskeille ja väkivaltaisilta ominaisuuksiltaan loputtoman muuntautumiskykyisille hirviöhahmoille, kuten klassisessa Doom-ammuskelupelissä (1993). Monisäikeisemmin erilaisesta demonologisesta ja uskonnollisesta perinteestä on puolestaan ammentanut esimerkiksi suosittu Diablo-toimintaroolipelisarja (1997; 2000; 2012; 2023). Esimerkkinä pelikulttuurin, pelisuunnittelun ja samalla pelillisen demonikuvaston psykologisesta syvenemisestä toimii uudehko toimintaseikkailupeli Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice (2017). Tämä artikkeli rakentaa vuoropuhelua demonisuuteen liittyvän teorian, uskonnollismytologisen kulttuuriperinnön ja eri lajityyppeihin kuuluvien, demonikuvastoa sisältävien pelien välillä. Näin tehdessään artikkeli hahmottaa ”demonipelien” keskeisiä kehityskaaria erityisesti suhteessa ”demoniseen toiseuteen”.
Implementation of projects of international transport corridors on the Eurasian continent as drivers of economic growth of the region
Authors: Khalova Gul’nar Osmanovna , Illeritskiy Nikita Igorevich , Rakhimov Albert Rashitovich , Rozhko Oksana Nikolaevna , Khalov Osman Muradovich , Li Shuquan
Published: April 2024

This study critically examines the implications of international transport corridor projects for Central Asian countries, focusing on the Western-backed Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA), the Chinese initiative “One Belt—One Road”, and the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) supported by the Russian Federation, India, and Iran. The analysis underscores the risks associated with Western projects, highlighting a need for a more explicit commitment to substantial infrastructure investments and persistent contradictions among key investors and beneficiaries. While the Chinese initiative presents significant benefits such as transit participation, infrastructure development, and economic investments, it also carries risks, notably an increased debt burden and potential monopolization by Chinese corporations. The study emphasizes that Central Asian countries, though indirect beneficiaries of INSTC, may not be directly involved due to geographical constraints. Study findings advocate for Central Asian nations to balance foreign investments, promote economic integration, and safeguard political and economic sovereignty. The study underscores the region’s wealth of natural and human resources, emphasizing the potential for increased demand for goods and services with improved living standards, strategically positioning these countries in the evolving global economic landscape.
Role of blood hepcidin alteration as a biomarker in β-thalassemia patients’ diagnosis
Authors: Al-dulaimy Waseem Yousif M. , Sahab Khalid Shaalan , Mohammed Ebtehal Sabri , Kadhom Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The objective of this research was to determine the change in hepcidin levels and other biochemical markers, including total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron, testosterone, and specific vitamins in the blood of individuals with β-Thalassemia. Here, 140 participants were involved in the study, of whom 110 were affected by β-thalassemia and 30 were healthy. The samples were obtained from Baqubah Teaching Hospital, the blood bank and blood donation center. The study was carried out from May 2022 to August 2022, and the patients were housed in Diyala Provence, Baquba City and its suburbs. The participants in this investigation were split into three groups: A: 55 male patients with β-thalassemia; B: 55 female patients with β-thalassemia; and C: 30 healthy individuals that were set as a control group. The findings of the study showed that the levels of HbA1 in males and females were 93.44 ± 0.71 and 93.53 ± 0.91, respectively, while the levels of HbA2 in males and females were 4.99 ± 0.59 and 5.29 ± 0.72, respectively. In contrast, the control group had HbA1 levels of 97.33 ± 0.40 in males and 97.66 ± 0.46 in females, but HbA2 levels were 2.32 ± 0.33 in males and 2.24 ± 0.24 in females. The study revealed remarkable differences (P < 0.05) between these variables. Hematological measures, such as hemoglobin concentration and percentages of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were substantially reduced (P < 0.05) in β-thalassemia patients when compared to the controls. Serum iron and TIBC were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while Hepcidin levels were markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in the serum of β-thalassemia patients compared to controls. Therefore, as a conclusion the reduction of hepcidin levels and increase in iron levels are correlated with β-thalassemia and can be used as a biomarkers in monitoring β-thalassemia disease.
Het te korte heldenleven van Fiet van Gilse (1912-1945)
Authors: Micheels Pauline
Published: April 2024

Fiet van Gilse, onbekend tot nu toe in de oorlogsgeschiedschrijving, kan gerekend worden tot een van de grote solisten onder de Nederlandse verzetsvrouwen. Zij studeerde in de jaren ’30 Nederlands en Zweeds in Leiden en hoewel haar leven nauwelijks verschilde van de meeste studenten, vreesde zij veel meer dan de anderen de ontwikkelingen in nazi-Duitsland. De Duitse bezetting van Nederland in mei 1940 was dan ook een enorme klap. Toen de Nederlandse joden vervolgens geïsoleerd en daarna gedeporteerd werden, stortte zij zich met totale overgave in het verzetswerk. Vrijwel in haar eentje hield zij een eigen ‘organisatie’ draaiende om joden aan onderduikadressen te helpen en te voorzien van valse papieren en voedselbonnen. Haar tientallen ‘duikelaars’ overleefden allemaal de oorlog, alleen zijzelf niet. Kort voor de bevrijding bezweek ze in het concentratiekamp Ravensbrück. Ze was 32 jaar oud. Dit boek vraagt de lezer stil te staan bij het korte maar indrukwekkende leven van deze jonge Leidse verzetsvrouw. Wat bezielde haar? Hoe kwam zij tot haar keuzes? En hoe ging zij te werk? Het door historica Pauline Micheels opgetekende levensverhaal, voorzien van foto- en archiefmateriaal, geeft inzicht in een verloren geschiedenis die we niet moeten vergeten.
Cotton host resistance as a tool for managing Rotylenchulus reniformis in Louisiana
Authors: Watson Tristan T.
Published: April 2024

The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a major yield-limiting pest of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the United States that has been steadily increasing in incidence in many states. Reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars have recently become commercially available for cotton producers; however, few field trials have evaluated their efficacy as a nematode management tool. The aim of this study was to evaluate reniform nematode population development, plant growth, and seed cotton yield of reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars in two nematode-infested fields in Louisiana. Replicated small-plot field trials were conducted in St. Joseph, LA (NERS field) and Winnsboro, LA (MRRS field) during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. In 2022, cultivars evaluated included: (1) DP 1646 B2XF (susceptible/tolerant), (2) DP 2141NR B3XF (resistant), (3) PHY 332 W3FE (resistant), (4) PHY 411 W3FE (resistant), and (5) PHY 443 W3FE (resistant). In 2023, an additional susceptible cotton cultivar, PHY 340 W3FE, was also included. All nematode-resistant cotton cultivars evaluated provided suppression of reniform nematode population development relative to that of the susceptible cotton cultivars, with suppression of nematode soil population densities at harvest ranging from 49 – 81% relative to DP 1646 B2XF. The resistant cultivar PHY 411 W3FE provided the most consistent suppression of reniform nematode population development, reducing reniform nematode soil population densities at harvest in both field locations and both trial years. In contrast, DP 2141NR B3XF only reduced soil population densities at harvest in the NERS field in 2023. Despite relatively consistent nematode suppression and improvements in plant vigor ratings and canopy coverage associated with the resistant cotton cultivars, a yield increase was only observed with PHY 332 W3FE and PHY 411 W3FE planted at the NERS field in 2023. Despite strong resistance to reniform nematode in the evaluated cotton cultivars, nematode soil population densities still increased during the growing season in plots planted with resistant cotton cultivars, emphasizing the need for additional management tactics to use alongside host resistance. This study indicates that new reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars show promising potential to reduce nematode population development during the growing season in Louisiana.
Segregation by Design: An Analysis of Apartheid-Enabling Constitutional Provisions
Authors: Albar Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah , Kusumadi Padre Jovianthony , Alfarizi Rivaldy
Published: April 2024

This paper critically examines constitutional provisions that facilitate apartheid systems, focusing on how these provisions enable the establishment and perpetuation of segregation and discrimination. Despite global condemnation of apartheid, similar traits persist in various jurisdictions today, notably in Israel's treatment of Palestinians and Myanmar's oppression of the Rohingya. This research investigates the constitutions of South Africa, Israel, and Myanmar to analyze how they legitimize and sustain segregationist regimes. Using a substantive and structural comparative analytical approach, the research identifies common factors that enable apartheid practices, including identity-based citizenship conditions, discriminatory treatment provisions, restrictions on the political participation of marginalized groups, and entrenched power structures. The findings reveal that apartheid-enabling provisions do not always explicitly endorse segregation but often grant broad legislative powers that can be exploited, as seen in Apartheid South Africa. Similarly, the constitutions of Israel and Myanmar provide constitutional protection to select ethnic groups, thereby institutionalizing segregation. The research concludes that four key elements common to the studied constitutions contribute to the maintenance of apartheid systems: differentiated citizenship status, legitimized segregationist practices, limited political participation for certain groups, and entrenched power structures resistant to reform.
LAPORAN KASUS INFEKSI/INFLAMASI TRAKTUS GASTROINTESTINAL BAWAH ABSES PERIANAL DENGAN FISTULA
Authors: Nareswari Gupita , Tanaji Tandy Chintya , Rahmansyah Mulia , Napitupulu Partogi , Astien Astien , Wahab Revalita
Published: April 2024

Perianal abscess with perianal fistula is an infectious-inflammatory disease of the perianal region. This disorder has quite high morbidity and recurrence rates and is treated with surgery. Complete preoperative findings, including anatomy, the connection between the fistula and surrounding structures, and secondary fistulas and abscesses, can be obtained through radiological examination. In this case report, a painful lump that was actively producing pus was found in the perianal area, a perianal ultrasound (USG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination was carried out and the diagnosis made was a perianal abscess with fistula. Fistulectomy and abscess drainage were performed.
LAMA PENGGUNAAN MASKER TIDAK MEMENGARUHI TIMBULNYA JERAWAT PADA PEREMPUAN USIA 15-60 TAHUN
Authors: Kusrini Agatha Ratri Rini , Pusparini Pusparini
Published: April 2024

Acne is an inflammatory dermatosis of the pilosebaceous follicular unit. Many factors influence the onset of acne, including facial skin hygiene and skin moisture. The use of masks can have an impact on increasing facial skin moisture and pressure on the skin. This study aims to determine relationship between length use of masks and appearance of acne and factor influencing in women age 15-60 years old. A cross sectional design was conducted on respondents with inclusion criteria of women aged as mentioned previously. Data was collected using a google form questionnaire. The relationship between variables were analyzed statistically with Spearman test with p <0,05 and Chi Square test with p <0,05 significantly different. Total of 225 respondents participated in this study. Respondents used masks for 3 hours and more are 190 (84.5%) respondents. Respondents reported the occurrence of acne after using the mask are 143 (63.5%). Statistical analysis did not find a significant relationship between the duration of using a mask and the onset of acne (p=0.391). Factors that showed a significant relationship with the onset of acne were age, menstrual cycle, education level, facial care, and washing face more often. The duration of using a mask is not related to the appearance of acne in women of reproductive age. Factors influencing with the appearance of acne are age, menstrual cycle, education level, facial care, and washing face more often.
The processing behaviour of the sphalerites from the Big Syncline deposit, South Africa
Authors: Motloba G.B. , Viljoen K.S. , Rose D.H. , Smith A.J.B.
Published: April 2024

Big Syncline is one of the few unexploited deposits of the Aggeneys-Gamsberg Ore District of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and comprises Zn > Pb > Cu mineralisation. Future exploitation of this deposit requires a good understanding of the mineralisation textures and mineralogy for beneficiation purposes. Two of the most commonly occurring mineralisation types at Big Syncline, the mineralised pelitic schist (PEL) and garnet-magnetite-associated mineralisation (GM), are investigated with regards to sphalerite petrography and mineralogy and their potential impact on Zn flotation recovery and grade.

Detailed optical petrographic analyses revealed three colour variations in the sphalerite: the opaque (i.e., black) and ruby-red varieties prevalent in the PEL; and the honey-yellow variety more common in the GM. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated increasing Fe content from the honey-yellow to ruby-red to opaque sphalerite varieties. The latter two varieties were also observed to have elevated Mn contents.

Laboratory-scale differential flotation tests were applied on the two mineralisation types to determine their processing behaviour. Despite poor selectivity, the GM produced a bulk Zn concentrate of superior quality to the PEL. However, the latter showed better selectivity with the bulk of the Zn reporting to the Zn concentrate. The reduced overall quality of the PEL concentrate is attributed to the increased dilution. This is due to the high abundance of gangue sulphides in the flotation feeds as well as higher Fe and Mn contents in sphalerite. The higher Mn content in the PEL sphalerites also leads to higher Mn recovery and grade in the Zn concentrates. Although the GM overall has higher Mn contents, it is hosted in silicates leading to substantial Mn rejection to the tailings.
Effect of Leading-Edge Bluntness on Shockwave–Boundary-Layer Interaction in a Scramjet Intake
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Talluri , Sreekumar Jithin , Ibrahim Sugarno Mohammed , Desikan S. L. N.
Published: April 2024

An experimental and numerical study was carried out to investigate the effect of leading edge bluntness on the flowfield characteristics of a Mach 6 scramjet inlet. The numerical study was performed using Ansys Fluent 18.0 software. A steady two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation was carried out using [Formula: see text]-Re-Normalisation Group model for a sharp edge and leading edge with bluntness of 0.5 and 1 mm (ramp and cowl tip). Significant changes in the flowfield characteristics and parameters were observed for a blunt leading edge compared to the sharp leading edge case. The experimental campaign was carried out in the Mach 6 S1 Hypersonic Ludwieg Tunnel to validate the numerical results, and a good match was observed up to the separation bubble, and deviation in the reattachment is observed. Furthermore, the unsteadiness associated with the shockwave–boundary-layer interaction region inside the isolator was studied for the sharp and blunt leading edge cases. It was observed that changing the leading edge bluntness modifies the flowfield oscillations, separation bubbles, shear layer oscillations, etc.
Real-time simulation of a new design of a smart and fast electric vehicle charger
Authors: Messaoudi Hanen , Bourogaoui Manef , Abdelghani Afef Bennani-Ben
Published: April 2024

Due to the growing global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), there is a pressing demand for the development of charging infrastructure that offers enhanced performance while reducing the charging time of EVs. Combining innovative fast and smart charging technologies can result in cost-efficient charging solutions, optimized energy exploitation, and reduced charging time for EVs. This paper proposes a new design of a smart and fast charger for EV batteries. The charger is made of a PFC-based Vienna Rectifier (VR) and an isolated Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. The proposed charger enables intelligent data flow between the battery and the charger thanks to the Controller Area Network (CAN) communication employed by the CHAdeMO charging protocol. To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed charger, the results of real-time simulations performed on RT-LAB platform, from OPAL-RT are presented and discussed.
Optimal frequency determination for wind–hydro hybrid unit using Telegrapher’s method for low-frequency transmission lines
Authors: Anand Mukul , Chatterjee Debashis , Goswami Swapan Kumar
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the optimal load flow problem for low-frequency transmission lines connected to wind farms and Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH). The losses in the LF-HVac system and the voltage stability index are highly reliant on the operating frequency. Hence, it is essential to integrate an Optimal Load Flow (OLF) method in order to ascertain the appropriate solutions for these systems. The load flow solutions in this system involve the utilization of the Newton–Raphson method in conjunction with STATCOM. A proposed approach to simplify mathematical calculations involves the development of a two-port equivalent model for transmission lines. This model is based on solutions derived from the Telegrapher’s method. The OLF method, which has been proposed, has undergone testing with various algorithms and has been successfully implemented in the IEEE 39-BUS system. The obtained results demonstrate that the LF method, when combined with the proposed metaheuristic algorithm, achieves optimal frequency for low-frequency HVac systems while simultaneously ensuring system stability.
Mass spectrometry imaging with trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) facilitates spatially resolved chondroitin, dermatan and hyaluronan glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharide analysis in situ.
Authors: Devlin Anthony , Green Felicia , Takats Zoltan
Published: April 2024

The spatial analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by type and sulphation state is currently unobtainable. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach which enables the detection, identification, localisation and profiling of GAG oligosaccharides directly from retinal tissue. With in situ treatment of tissues with relevant chondroitinase enzymes, we liberate and spatially resolve chondroitin, dermatan and hyaluronan disaccharides through to hexasaccharides directly from tissue sections. We demonstrate, through the use of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), that it is possible to both separate and semi-quantify isomeric GAG oligosaccharide ions across histologically relevant regions. Hence, we describe the first step towards the spatially resolved analysis of multiple GAGs and their oligosaccharide sulphation state(s) in tissues.
Dynamic correlation driven paramagnetic insulating state and optical properties of the cathode material rhombohedral LiNiO2 at room temperature
Authors: Banerjee Hrishit , Aichhorn Markus , Grey Clare P. , Morris Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Inspired by the experimental finding of a paramagnetic insulating state in rhom- bohedral LiNiO2, a lithium-ion battery cathode of great interest, we calculate the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of LiNiO2 employing a range of single- particle and many-body methods. Within density-functional theory (DFT) using the generalised-gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA, and hybrid functionals we obtain a ferromagnetic half-metallic ground state for rhombohedral LiNiO2, as has been seen previously. Self-consistent GW calculations including self-interaction corrections beyond DFT of various flavours show an electronic band gap albeit with a small quasi-particle peak at the Fermi energy. Moving beyond this, room temperature state-of- the-art dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations on rhombohedral LiNiO2 show for the first time a gap of combined Mott and charge-transfer character. The paramagnetic insulating state has a band gap of ∼0.6 eV, in excellent agreement with experiments and is in sharp contrast to DFT calculations that require the presence of an extra structural symmetry breaking in the form of Jahn-Teller distortions to open a gap. We observe Ni to be in a +2 state in a d8L configuration, with a charge-transfer ligand hole on O p, and identify the ligand hole state from the DMFT DOS. We further show that whereas DFT shows the presence of an unphysical metallic Drude peak in optical absorption spectra, DMFT calculations capture the correct form of the optical absorption spectra, and have an excellent match with the calculated band gap as well. Our results clarify that at room temperature, it is the charge transfer gap with a Mott character that causes rhombohedral LiNiO2’s insulating nature; a structural distortion is not required.
Electrochemical surface nanostructuring of copper using fluoride and chloride
Authors: Pascual Llorens Vicente , Serrà Ramos Albert , Mazaira-Couce Pedro , Escudero-Escribano María , Sebastián-Pascual Paula
Published: April 2024

Copper is an active electrocatalyst for different energy conversion reactions which performance depends on the structure of the surface active sites. Here we propose a simple strategy to generate (n10) or (100)x(110) motifs on copper with tailored roughness. We electrochemically oxidize and reduce a copper electrode in solutions containing a mixture of sodium fluoride and sodium chloride with total concentration of 0.1 M: (0.1 -x) M NaF + x M NaCl. Chloride acts as a ligand agent inducing surface re-faceting and the growth of (n10) sites. Fluoride, which weakly adsorbs on copper, mainly causes an increase of the electroactive area and surface rugosity. With fluoride and chloride mixtures, we form (n10) motifs that appear covered by nanometric clusters, progressively increasing the density of defects. The nanoscale clusters almost coalesce with very high fluoride/chloride molar ratio solutions. To address the change in surface geometry on copper, we recorded the voltametric fingerprints of the modified surfaces with lead underpotential deposition (UPD) and compared them with the lead UPD-response of model copper single facets. Our work provides a direct link between an electrochemical response and ex-situ structural characterization describing, in detail, the effect of halides on the surface nanostructuring of copper.
A method to identify small molecule/protein pairs susceptible to protein ubiquitination
Authors: Cai Pinwen , Sauter Basilius , Zhanybekova Saule , Gillingham Dennis
Published: April 2024

Although using DNA encoded libraries (DELs) to find small molecule binders of target proteins is well-established, identifying DEL hits for functions other than binding remains challenging. We demonstrate here a technique where pools of DNA-linked small molecules are mixed with pools of DNA-linked protein targets and optimal small/protein pairs are identified based on their ability to catalyze the transfer of ubiquitin (Ub) onto the target proteins. Since the transfer of Ub is the first step in the tagging of proteins for proteasomal destruction, finding small molecules that can selectively reprogram Ub-transfer is one of the great challenges in contemporary drug development. Our work provides the framework for a new type of functional DEL screen that matches small molecule Ub-transfer catalysts with their optimal protein substrates. We believe the technology could be especially useful in discovering and optimizing molecular glue degraders.
Position-Specific Nucleoside Sugar Modifications in mRNA ORF: Enhancing Translational Function through Complete Chemical Synthesis of mRNA
Authors: Iwai Hiroto , Kimura Yasuaki , Honma Masakazu , Nakamoto Kosuke , Motosawa Keiichi , Atago Takayuki , Asano Kana , Hashiya Fumitaka , Abe Naoko , Kobayashi Keiko , Ogisu Ryoko , Hashimoto Atushi , Hiraishi Keiko , Saito Seiji , Yamamoto Junichiro , Abe Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

In this study, we systematically evaluated the efficacy of chemical modifications in enhancing the translational activity and stability of mRNA. We employed a primarily chemistry-based synthetic approach for the modified mRNA, which is crucial for the position-specific introduction of chemical modifications, enabling an intricate and detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, hitherto unattainable with conventional methods. A pivotal innovation herein was the introduction of 2´-F modification for the nucleosugar in the open reading framework (ORF) at a site-specific position within the codon unit (the first nucleoside in the codon unit, 1st NC), which significantly bolstered the biological stability of mRNA without compromising its translational activity. This precise control of chemical modification patterns has emerged as a key to achieving higher peptide expression levels than conventional in vitro-transcribed mRNA. Further evaluations of the modifications at the 5´-UTR and poly(A) tail with other types of nucleoside and phosphate analogs also exemplified the importance of terminal modifications on mRNA for improved translational activity. These findings offer a novel framework for molecular design and development of effective mRNA-based therapeutics.
Preferential HDAC6 inhibitors derived from HPOB exhibit synergistic antileukemia activity in combination with decitabine
Authors: Tretbar Maik , Schliehe-Diecks Julian , von Bredow Lukas , Tan Kathrin , Roatsch Martin , Tu Jia-Wey , Kemkes Marie , Sönnichsen Melf , Schöler Andrea , Borkhardt Arndt , Bhatia Sanil , Hansen Finn Kristian
Published: April 2024

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an emerging drug target to treat oncological and non-oncological conditions. Since highly selective HDAC6 inhibitors display limited anticancer activity when used as single agent, they usually require combination therapies with other chemotherapeutics. In this work, we synthesized a mini library of analogues of the preferential HDAC6 inhibitor HPOB in only two steps via an Ugi four-component reaction as the key step. Biochemical HDAC inhibition and cell viability assays led to the identification of 1g (highest antileukemic activity) and 2b (highest HDAC6 inhibition) as hit compounds. In subsequent combination screens, both 1g and especially 2b showed synergy with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our findings highlight the potential of combining HDAC6 inhibitors with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as a strategy to improve AML treatment outcomes.
Self-Similarity in the Formation of Explosive Hot Spots
Authors: Kroonblawd Matthew , Maiti Amitesh , Zimmerman Brandon , Steele Brad , Christenson Joel , Austin Ryan , Fried Laurence
Published: April 2024

High explosive detonation starts with formation of hot spots at microstructural defects but has eluded "full physics" atomistic modeling treatment at micron length scales. To this end, we develop an image distinguishability analysis to summarize multimicron all-atom MD simulations of hot spot formation for pore sizes between 10 and 300 nm to show that all but the smallest hot spots exhibit self-similar size scaling. Through grain-scale modeling we link this behavior to the material’s rate-insensitive mechanical strength. Our results bolster confidence in insights from small-scale MD simulations and provide means to quantitatively compare complex processes at diverse length scales.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral-at-Iridium Complexes through Pd-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Chu Yun-Peng , Yue Xue-Lin , Liu De-Hai , Ma Jiajia
Published: April 2024

Metal-centered chirality has been recognized for over a century, and chiral-at-metal complexes have been widely applied across various natural science fields. However, the synthesis of these molecules remains constrained. Notably, while asymmetric catalysis has played a crucial role in the production of optically active organic molecules, its application to chiral-at-metal complexes is less straightforward. In this study, we introduce a kinetic resolution strategy employing a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction that efficiently produces optically active chiral-at-iridium complexes from racemic mixtures with high selectivity (achieving an s-factor of up to 133). This method enables further synthesis of complexes relevant to metallodrugs and chiral photosensitizers, underscoring the practical utility of our approach. Mechanistic studies suggest that reductive elimination is the turnover-limiting step over the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
Room Temperature Formate Ester Transfer Hydrogenation Enables an Electrochemical-Thermal Organometallic Cascade for Methanol Syn-thesis from CO2
Authors: Fernández Sergio , Assaf Eric , Ahmad Shahbaz , Travis Benjamin , Curley Julia , Hazari Nilay , Ertem Mehmed , Miller Alexander
Published: April 2024

The reduction of CO2 to synthetic fuels is at the core of energy storage efforts. However, the formation of energy-dense liquid fuels such as methanol remains a major challenge, particularly under low temperature and pressure conditions that can be coupled to renewable electricity sources via electrochemistry. A multicatalyst system pairing an electrocatalyst with a thermal organometallic catalyst is introduced here, enabling the room temperature reduction of 1 atmosphere of CO2 to methanol. The reaction sequence involves: (i) the reduction of CO2 to formate by the electrocatalyst [Cp*Ir(bpy)Cl]+ (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), (ii) Fischer esterification of formate to isopropyl formate catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf), and (iii) thermal transfer hydrogenation of isopropyl formate to methanol facilitated by the organometallic catalyst (H-PNP)Ir(H)3 (H-PNP = bis[(2-diisopropyl-phosphino]ethyl)amine). Reaction development led to mutually compatible conditions for a one-pot CO2 reduction in isopropanol electrolyte at ambient temperature and 1 atmosphere CO2. The isopropanol solvent plays sever-al crucial roles: activating formate ion as isopropyl formate, donating hydrogen for the reduction of formate ester to methanol via transfer hydrogenation, and lowering the barrier for transfer hydrogenation through hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition to reporting a method for room temperature reduction of challenging ester substrates, this work provides a proto-type for pairing electrochemical and thermal organometallic reactions that can guide the design and development of multi-catalyst cascades.