bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport
Authors: Ozeke L. G. , Mann I. R. , Claudepierre S. G. , Henderson M. , Morley S. K. , Murphy K. R. , Olifer L. , Spence H. E. , Baker D. N.
Published: January 2019

We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re. For these electrons, the observed PSD versus L* profiles during the recovery phase of the storm have a positive radial gradient. We compare the observed temporal evolution of the PSD profiles during the recovery phase with those produced by radial diffusion simulations driven by observed Ultralow Frequency wave power as measured on the ground. Our results indicate that the dominant flux enhancement, inside L* < 5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt during the March 2015 geomagnetic storm is consistent with that produced by fast inward radial diffusion of electrons from a dynamic outer boundary driven by enhanced Ultralow Frequency wave power.
Long‐Term Trends in Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and Size Structure in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Lamont T. , Barlow R. G. , Brewin R. J. W.
Published: January 2019

The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is among the most productive ecosystems globally, supporting numerous fisheries and ecosystem services in Southern Africa. Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor and Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer‐Aqua chlorophyll a (Chla) concentrations between September 1997 and February 2018 were used to investigate long‐term trends in phytoplankton biomass and size structure (microphytoplankton [>20 μm], nanophytoplankton [2–20 μm], and picophytoplankton [<2 μm]) in the Northern Benguela, Southern Benguela (SB), and Agulhas Bank (AB) shelf and open ocean regions of the BUS. Trends in upwelling and correlations with Chla and size structure were examined. Increasing Chla and microphytoplankton trends occurred in the Northern Benguela shelf and open ocean, while decreases were evident on the SB shelf in all seasons. In the SB open ocean, small increases occurred during austral winter, with a decrease in spring. On the AB shelf, increases in Chla and microphytoplankton occurred in summer with decreases during the other seasons. Patterns differed in the AB open ocean, with increases in winter and spring and decreases in summer and autumn. Although R2 values indicated that linear trends accounted for a reasonable portion of the variance, and most trends were statistically significant, they showed only small changes on the shelf domains and little to no change in the open ocean. Strong correlations between upwelling, Chla, and the size classes were observed, but distinct seasonal differences occurred in each region. This is the first 20‐year analysis of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the BUS and provides a baseline against which future changes can be monitored.
Patchy Lakes and Topographic Origin for Fast Flow in the Recovery Glacier System, East Antarctica
Authors: Diez Anja , Matsuoka Kenichi , Jordan Tom A. , Kohler Jack , Ferraccioli Fausto , Corr Hugh F. , Olesen Arne V. , Forsberg René , Casal Tania G.
Published: January 2019

The Recovery subglacial basin, with its largest glacier Recovery Glacier, has been identified as potentially the biggest contributor to future sea level rise from East Antarctica. Subglacial lakes along the main trunk have been detected from satellite data, with four giant lakes (Recovery Lakes A, B, C, and D) located at the onset of the fast ice flow (≥15 m/yr) and multiple smaller lakes along the glacier. The presence of subglacial water potentially plays a key role in the control of fast ice flow of Recovery Glacier. We present new insights on the Recovery Lakes from airborne radar data collected in 2013 and 2015. Using an adjusted classification scheme, we show that a single large area consisting of smaller lakes connected by likely saturated sediment, referred to as Lake AB, exists in the originally proposed area of the Recovery Lakes A and B. We estimate that the current size of Lake AB is ∼4,320 km2. Water likely leaks from the western shore of Lake AB lubricating the bed initiating fast ice flow at this location. The difference in the outlines of Lake AB and the Lakes A and B previously derived from surface features suggested that a larger paleolake existed here in the past. From our data, we find Recovery Lake C to be dry; we attribute fast ice flow originating from this area to be due to a topographic step and thus an increase in ice thickness rather than enhanced lubrication at the bed.
Podcast: How the Cold War Drove Atmospheric Science
Authors: Lipuma Lauren
Published: January 2019

In the first episode of a special series, AGU’s Third Pod from the Sun traces a path from nuclear fallout detectors to modern-day meteorology instruments.
Blocking CXCLs–CXCR2 axis in tumor–stromal interactions contributes to survival in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through reduced cell invasion/migration and a shift of immune-inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Sano Makoto , Ijichi Hideaki , Takahashi Ryota , Miyabayashi Koji , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Yamada Tomoharu , Kato Hiroyuki , Nakatsuka Takuma , Tanaka Yasuo , Tateishi Keisuke , Morishita Yasuyuki , Moses Harold L. , Isayama Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: January 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by dense stromal reaction (desmoplasia). We have previously reported that mice with conditionalKrasG12Dmutation and knockout ofTGF-β receptor type II(Tgfbr2), PKF mice, develop PDAC with desmoplasia modulated by CXC chemokines that are produced by PDAC cells through tumor–stromal interaction. In this study, we further discovered that PDAC and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accelerated each other’s invasion and migration through the CXC chemokines-receptor (CXCLs–CXCR2) axis. Heterozygous knockout ofCxcr2in PKF mice (PKF2h mice) prolonged survival and inhibited both tumor angiogenesis and PDAC microinvasion. Infiltration of neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and arginase-1+M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly decreased in the tumors of PKF2h mice, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+M1-like TAMs and apoptotic tumor cells markedly increased, which indicated that blockade of the CXCLs–CXCR2 axis resulted in a shift of immune-inflammatory microenvironment. These results suggest that blocking of the CXCLs–CXCR2 axis in tumor–stromal interactions could be a therapeutic approach against PDAC progression.
Childhood psychosocial challenges and risk for obesity in U.S. men and women
Authors: Wall Melanie M. , Mason Susan M. , Liu Jun , Olfson Mark , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Blanco Carlos
Published: January 2019

Childhood psychosocial challenges (i.e., adversities, mental and substance use disorders, social challenges) may relate to the onset of obesity and extreme obesity. Identifying the types of psychosocial challenges most strongly associated with obesity could advance etiologic understanding and help target prevention efforts. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 24,350), the present study evaluates relationships between childhood psychosocial challenges and development of obesity and extreme obesity. After mutually controlling, childhood poverty was a risk in men OR = 1.2 (1.0–1.4) and a significantly stronger one in women OR = 1.6 (1.4–1.8); maltreatment increased odds of obesity in both men and women OR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.4), and specifically increased odds of extreme obesity in women OR = 1.5 (1.3–1.9). Early childrearing (before age 18) was an independent risk factor in both men OR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9) and women OR = 1.3 (1.1–1.5); not finishing high school was the strongest childhood psychosocial challenge risk factor for extreme obesity in both men (OR = 1.6, 1.1–2.2) and women (OR = 2.0, 1.5–2.5). Psychiatric disorders (MDD, anxiety disorder, PTSD) before age 18 were not independently associated with adult obesity in men nor women, but substance use disorders (alcohol or drug) were inversely associated with adult obesity. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversities and social challenges are at increased risk for obesity. Previous findings also indicate that these individuals respond poorly to traditional weight management strategies. It is critical to identify the reasons for these elevated weight problems, and to develop interventions that are appropriately tailored to mitigate the obesity burden faced by this vulnerable population.
Assessment of somatic single-nucleotide variation in brain tissue of cases with schizophrenia
Authors: Fullard John F. , Charney Alexander W. , Voloudakis Georgios , Uzilov Andrew V. , Haroutunian Vahram , Roussos Panos
Published: January 2019

The genetic architecture of schizophrenia (SCZ) includes numerous risk loci across a range of frequencies and sizes, including common and rare single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions (indels), as well as rare copy number variants (CNVs). Despite the clear heritability of the disease, monozygotic twins are discordant for SCZ at a significant rate. Somatic variants—genetic changes that arise after fertilization rather than through germline inheritance—are widespread in the human brain and known to contribute to risk for both rare and common neuropsychiatric conditions. The contribution of somatic variants in the brain to risk of SCZ remains to be determined. In this study, we surveyed somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in the brains of controls and individuals with SCZ (n = 10 andn = 9, respectively). From each individual, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA from neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei isolated by fluorescence activated nuclear sorting (FANS) from frozen postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples, as well as DNA extracted from temporal muscle as a reference. We identified an increased burden of sSNVs in cases compared to controls (SCZ rate = 2.78, control rate = 0.70;P = 0.0092, linear mixed effects model), that included a higher rate of non-synonymous and loss-of-function variants (SCZ rate = 1.33, control rate = 0.50;P = 0.047, linear mixed effects model). Our findings suggest sSNVs in the brain may constitute an additional component of the complex genetic architecture of SCZ. This perspective argues for the need to further investigate somatic variation in the brain as an explanation of the discordance in monozygotic twins and a potential guide to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Setd5 haploinsufficiency alters neuronal network connectivity and leads to autistic-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Moore Spencer M. , Seidman Jason S. , Ellegood Jacob , Gao Richard , Savchenko Alex , Troutman Ty D. , Abe Yohei , Stender Josh , Lee Daehoon , Wang Sicong , Voytek Bradley , Lerch Jason P. , Suh Hoonkyo , Glass Christopher K , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: January 2019

SETD5, a gene linked to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a member of the SET-domain family and encodes a putative histone methyltransferase (HMT). To date, the mechanism by which SETD5 haploinsufficiency causes ASD/ID remains an unanswered question. Setd5 is the highly conserved mouse homolog, and although the Setd5 null mouse is embryonic lethal, the heterozygote is viable. Morphological tracing and multielectrode array was used on cultured cortical neurons. MRI was conducted of adult mouse brains and immunohistochemistry of juvenile mouse brains. RNA-Seq was used to investigate gene expression in the developing cortex. Behavioral assays were conducted on adult mice. Setd5+/− cortical neurons displayed significantly reduced synaptic density and neuritic outgrowth in vitro, with corresponding decreases in network activity and synchrony by electrophysiology. A specific subpopulation of fetal Setd5+/− cortical neurons showed altered gene expression of neurodevelopment-related genes. Setd5+/− animals manifested several autism-like behaviors, including hyperactivity, cognitive deficit, and altered social interactions. Anatomical differences were observed in Setd5+/− adult brains, accompanied by a deficit of deep-layer cortical neurons in the developing brain. Our data converge on a picture of abnormal neurodevelopment driven by Setd5 haploinsufficiency, consistent with a highly penetrant risk factor.
Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors
Authors: Regan Michael C. , Zhu Zongjian , Yuan Hongjie , Myers Scott J. , Menaldino Dave S. , Tahirovic Yesim A. , Liotta Dennis C. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Furukawa Hiro
Published: January 2019

Context-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Emerging patterns in the global distribution of dissolved organic matter fluorescence
Authors: Wünsch Urban J. , Bro Rasmus , Stedmon Colin A. , Wenig Philip , Murphy Kathleen R.
Published: January 2019

The spectra responsible for natural dissolved organic matter fluorescence in 90 peer-reviewed studies have been compared using new similarity metrics.
On water N-arylation of oxetanylamines for the preparation of N-aryl-oxetanylamines; potentially useful aryl-amide isosteres
Authors: Bollenbach Maud , Lecroq William , Wagner Patrick , Fessard Thomas , Schmitt Martine , Salomé Christophe
Published: January 2019

A Pd cross-coupling approach for the synthesis of N-aryl-oxetanylamines has been developed.
Modulation of catalyst enantioselectivity through reversible assembly of supramolecular helices
Authors: Li Yan , Caumes Xavier , Raynal Matthieu , Bouteiller Laurent
Published: January 2019

The enantioselectivity displayed by a supramolecular copper catalyst involved in successive reactions can be modulated through reversible assembly of the helices supporting the catalytic centres.
Molecular mechanism and binding free energy of doxorubicin intercalation in DNA
Authors: Jawad Bahaa , Poudel Lokendra , Podgornik Rudolf , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: January 2019

The intercalation process of binding doxorubicin (DOX) in DNA is studied by extensive MD simulations.
Preparation of graphene bilayers on platinum by sequential chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Halle Johannes , Mehler Alexander , Néel Nicolas , Kröger Jörg
Published: January 2019

Pt deposition reactivates graphene-covered Pt(111) for the epitaxy of a second graphene sheet and subsequent formation of bilayer graphene.
Facile synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by the regiospecific alkylation of a ruthenium triazolato complex
Authors: Chang Chao-Wan , Lee Gene-Hsiang
Published: January 2019

The regiospecific alkylation and the subsequent cleavage of the Ru–N bond of a ruthenium triazolato complex give a series of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles.
Enhanced deep-red emission from Mn4+/Mg2+co-doped CaGdAlO4phosphors for plant cultivation
Authors: Hu Jianxu , Huang Tinghong , Zhang Yuanpeng , Lu Bin , Ye Huanqing , Chen Baojiu , Xia Haiping , Ji Changyan
Published: January 2019

Deep-red emission with a peak intensity at 712 nm is observed from the Mn4+/Mg2+co-doped CaGdAlO4phosphor for plant cultivation.
Structural identification and osteogenic activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide obtained from female flowers of Humulus lupulus
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Hou Xin , Qing Degang , Zhang Qian , Yan Chunyan
Published: January 2019

The flowers and infructescences of Humulus lupulus are used worldwide in beer brewing as an essential flavoring ingredient, and are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.
A miniaturized optical tomography platform for volumetric imaging of engineered living systems
Authors: Polat Adem , Hassan Shabir , Yildirim Isa , Oliver Luis Eduardo , Mostafaei Maryam , Kumar Siddharth , Maharjan Sushila , Bourguet Louis , Cao Xia , Ying Guoliang , Eyvazi Hesar Milad , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: January 2019

Volumetric optical microscopy approaches that enable acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) information from a biological sample are attractive for numerous non-invasive imaging applications.
Plasmonic catalysis for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using palladium nanoflowers
Authors: Sarhid Iyad , Abdellah Ibrahim , Martini Cyril , Huc Vincent , Dragoe Diana , Beaunier Patricia , Lampre Isabelle , Remita Hynd
Published: January 2019

Plasmonic catalysis enables the realization of reactions using solar light with less energy and time consumption.
Emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for ultrashort pulse generation in fiber lasers
Authors: He Junshan , Tao Lili , Zhang Han , Zhou Bo , Li Jingbo
Published: January 2019

The latest progress of emerging 2D materials applied in ultrafast fiber lasers is summarized, and perspectives and challenges are discussed.
Synthesis of epoxidized poly(ester carbonate)-b-polyimide-b-poly(ester carbonate): reactive single-walled carbon nanotube dispersants enable synergistic reinforcement around multi-walled nanotube-grafted carbon fibers
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Chengyin , De Luca Hugo G. , Raman Pillai Suresh Kumar , Anthony David B. , Li Jianghua , Bismarck Alexander , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Chan-Park Mary B.
Published: January 2019

Novel triblock polymers for nanocomposite applications.
Synthesis of alkynyl-functionalized linear and star polyethers by aluminium-catalyzed copolymerization of glycidyl 3-butynyl ether with epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide
Authors: Deng Ming , Guo Fang , Li Yang , Hou Zhaomin
Published: January 2019

A novel family of alkynyl-functional linear and star polyethers were prepared by the copolymerization of glycidyl 3-butynyl ether, ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin catalyzed by i-Bu3Al/H3PO4/DBU.
One-pot, three-component approach to diarylacetonitriles
Authors: Singh Dileep Kumar , Prasad Sure Siva , Kim Jinhwang , Kim Ikyon
Published: January 2019

Described herein is a novel one-pot, three-component reaction where aldehydes, electron-rich arenes, and TMSCN in the presence of BF3-OEt2 allowed direct access to a number of diarylacetonitriles under mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields.
Surface modification and direct plasma amination of L605 CoCr alloys: on the optimization of the oxide layer for application in cardiovascular implants
Authors: Diaz-Rodriguez Sergio , Chevallier Pascale , Paternoster Carlo , Montaño-Machado Vanessa , Noël Céline , Houssiau Laurent , Mantovani Diego
Published: January 2019

Optimization of the oxide layer of L605 alloys based on the desired properties for stent applications: deformation, corrosion, plasma-amination and biocompatibility.
Non-monotonous size-dependent photoluminescence and excitonic relaxations in nanostructured ZnO thin films
Authors: Gandhi Ashish C. , Liao Ching-Hao , Yeh Wei-Li , Huang Yue-Lin
Published: January 2019

To comprehensively understand the behaviors of the near-band-edge emission and green emission (NBE, GE), the volume-weighting (VW) model is adapted to take into account a dead layer of confined excitons.
Self-woven nanofibrillar PEDOT mats for impact-resistant supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Santino Luciano M. , Rubin Micah , Diao Yifan , Lu Yang , D'Arcy Julio M.
Published: January 2019

Horizontally directed nanofibrillar PEDOT mats bearing high impact energy densities are fabricated as electrodes for impact-resistant flexible supercapacitors.
Transient synchronisation and quantum coherence in a bio-inspired vibronic dimer
Authors: Siwiak-Jaszek Stefan , Olaya-Castro Alexandra
Published: January 2019

We consider energy transfer in a vibronic dimer and show that the synchronisation dynamics of local mode displacements exhibit a rich behaviour which arises directly from the distinct time-evolutions of different vibronic quantum coherences.
Correction: Multifunctional polyurethanes synthesized from different triarylamine units with electrochromic, photogeneration, memory storage and sensing properties
Authors: Zhang Xu , Lu Qingyi , Yang Caiyu , Zhao Shuo , Wang Yan , Zhang Wei , Niu Haijun , Zhao Ping , Wang Wen , Fan Jinghe
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Multifunctional polyurethanes synthesized from different triarylamine units with electrochromic, photogeneration, memory storage and sensing properties’ by Xu Zhang et al., New J. Chem., 2019, 43, 1177–1185.
Immunotherapy: enhancing the efficacy of this promising therapeutic in multiple cancers
Authors: Inthagard Jitwadee , Edwards Joanne , Roseweir Antonia K.
Published: January 2019

Cancer treatments often reach a refractory period leading to treatment failure and patients developing disease recurrence. This can be due to tumour cells escaping the immune response and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing cancer progression. Immunotherapy has become a promising tool for cancer treatment as it restores the anti-tumour response of the patient’s immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most widely studied immunotherapies worldwide and are now approved for multiple cancers. However, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has also shown promise by targeting T lymphocytes that are genetically modified ex vivo to express CARs and this is now approved to treat some haematological cancers. Although immunotherapy has shown successful treatment outcomes in multiple cancers, some patients do not respond to this treatment. Therefore, approaches to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies are likely to be the key to improve their effectiveness. Therefore, combination therapies of checkpoint inhibitors +/− chemotherapy are at the forefront of current research. Furthermore, biomarkers that predict treatment response are now beginning to emerge. Additionally, utilising nanoparticles as a newly targeted drug delivery system to enhance CAR-T cell therapy may enhance the efficacy of the cells when re-infused within the patient. Even if efficacy is enhanced, severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur that are life-threatening and could lead to therapy being stopped. Therefore, predictive biomarkers for toxicity are also needed to improve both the patient’s quality of life and treatment outcomes. This review will look at the current immunotherapies in clinical trials and discuss how to enhance their efficacy.
Aircraft tracking based on fully conventional network and Kalman filter
Authors: Yang Jiachen , Zhao Weirong , Han Yurong , Ji Chunqi , Jiang Bin , Zheng Zhihui , Song Houbing
Published: January 2019

Aircraft tracking is a significant technology for military reconnaissance, but there is no efficient algorithm to solve this particular problem. Recently, research based on deep learning for object tracking has developed rapidly, and the performance is greatly improved compared to the traditional methods, so the authors refer to relevant work and make an improvement on the previous research to improve the performance on aircraft tracking. They first learn the idea from region‐based fully convolutional networks to perform detection on each frame of video. To avoid the target drift due to the failure of object detection on a certain frame, then they employ Kalman filter (KF) and extended KF together to predict the moving trajectory of the target. Beyond that, this method can confine the valid range based on the size of a target object, which increases the speed of detection. This approach can also correct the bounding box on adjacent frames. The steps are not complicated but have an excellent performance. Through the experiment, it is clear that the proposed method is reasonable and more precise.
Study of performance of a ‘second‐generation wavelet video encoder with a scalable rate’
Authors: Hellel Omar , Beladgham Mohammed , Lakhdar Abdelmounaim Moulay
Published: January 2019

The purpose of data compression, in general, is to encode information using fewer bits than the original representation. In video coding, the goal is to reduce the bitrate of a video while preserving an acceptable quality for visual perception. In this study, the authors describe and study the performance of a proposed video coding framework that utilises a second‐generation wavelet transform specifically Spline 5/3. This framework allows for unequal error protection and has a better performance than many well know video coding systems especially for low bitrate applications. The proposed framework allows for bit rate control according to users need both at the encoder end and the decoder end, which is great for networks with variable conditions like wireless IP networks since the noise can reduce the available bandwidth and the number of users can vary from time to time.
Incorporating energy storage and user experience in isolated microgrid dispatch using a multi‐objective model
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Zhen , Zhao Dongbo , Lei Hangtian , Cui Bai , Li Shaoyan
Published: January 2019

In order to coordinate multiple different scheduling objectives from the perspectives of economy, environment, and users, a practical multi‐objective dynamic optimal dispatch model incorporating energy storage and user experience is proposed for isolated microgrids. In this model, besides microturbine units, energy storage is employed to provide spinning reserve services for microgirds; and furthermore, from the perspective of demand side management, a consumer satisfaction indicator is developed to measure the quality of user experience. A two‐step solution methodology incorporating multi‐objective optimisation and decision analysis is put forward to address this model. First, a powerful heuristic optimisation algorithm, called the θ‐dominance based evolutionary algorithm, is used to find a well‐distributed set of Pareto‐optimal solutions of the problem. Thereby, the best compromise solutions are identified from the entire solutions with the use of decision analysis by integrating fuzzy C‐means clustering and grey relation projection. The simulation results on the modified Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Energy Control and Communication lab microgrid test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Diving into the queue
Authors: Beier Simon , Kutrib Martin , Malcher Andreas , Wendlandt Matthias
Published: January 2019

We introduce and study the model of diving queue automata which are basically finite automata equipped with a storage medium that is organized as a queue. Additionally, two queue heads are provided at both ends of the queue that can move in a read-only mode inside the queue. In particular, we consider suitable time constraints and the case where only a finite number of turns on the queue is allowed. As one main result we obtain a proper queue head hierarchy, that is, two heads are better than one head, and one head is better than no head. Moreover, it is shown that the model with one queue head, finitely many turns, and no time constraints as well as the model with two queue heads, possibly infinitely many turns, and time constraints is captured by P and has a P-complete membership problem. We obtain also that a subclass of the model with two queue heads is already captured by logarithmic space. Finally, we consider decidability questions and it turns out that almost nothing is decidable for the model with two queue heads, whereas we obtain that at least emptiness and finiteness are decidable for subclasses of the model with one queue head.
Modelling in Ecology, Epidemiology and Evolution
Authors: Gubernov Vladimir , Minaev Sergey , Im Hong G. , Kim Nam Il , Maruta Kaoru
Published: January 2019

In the preface, we present a short overview of the papers included in the issue of Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena ‘Modelling in Ecology, Epidemiology and Evolution’.
Psychoonkologie: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen psychosozialer Hilfen bei einer Krebserkrankung
Authors: Drommelschmidt Kim , Karger André
Published: January 2019

Zusamenfassung

Die Psychoonkologie ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil der multiprofessionellen onkologischen Behandlung und kann Patienten und ihre Angehörigen bei der Krankheitsbewältigung und im Umgang mit psychosozialen Problemen unterstützen. Die Effektivität von psychoonkologischen Interventionen ist vielseitig belegt, jedoch gibt es hinsichtlich der Sicherstellung einer sektorübergreifenden Kommunikation zwischen den Behandlern sowie einer flächendeckend verfügbaren, bedarfsgerechten psychosozialen Versorgung noch Verbesserungsbedarf.
Kiefern, Fichte und Eukalyptus: Bäume als Aromatika
Authors: Mayer Johannes Gottfried , Niedenthal Tobias
Published: January 2019

Beim Stichwort Aromata denkt man unwillkürlich zunächst an Kräuter und kleine Stauden wie Kamille, Thymian oder Fenchel, kaum jemand wird einen Baum an vorderster Stelle nennen. Dabei nutzt die Phytotherapie auch zahlreiche Bäume, und bei nicht wenigen spielt das ätherische Öl unter den Wirkstoffen eine entscheidende Rolle, so etwa bei den Zimtbäumen (Cinnamomum-Arten) einschließlich Kampferbaum, den Myrtengewächsen (Myrtaceen) mit den Eukalyptus-Bäumen, Bergamotte oder Citrus-Arten, den Balsambäumen (Burseraceen) mit den Myrrhe- und Boswellia-Arten und den Nadelhölzern (Coniferales / Pinales) wie Fichte und Kiefer. Letztere und die Eukalyptusbäume sollen hier beispielhaft behandelt werden.
COPD: Die wichtigsten Komorbiditäten
Authors: Pizarro Carmen , Skowasch Dirk
Published: January 2019

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently afflicted by comorbidities. In terms of quality of life, health status and prognosis, comorbid conditions negatively impact the lives of the sufferers. The link between these diseases is complex and comprises manifold considerations: it may be mediated by common risk factors, notably smoking, or by sequelae of COPD, like physical inactivity. Moreover, systemic inflammatory processes and mechanistic considerations seem to play a central role. As symptomatology is frequently overlapping, comorbid diseases tend to be overlooked. In consequence, they require proactive diagnostic approaches. Treatment should adhere to current guidelines, irrespective of the presence of COPD.
Cornus mas L. – Kornelkirsche
Authors: Melzig Matthias F.
Published: January 2019

Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), die Kornelkirsche, ist ein kleiner Baum oder Strauch, dessen Früchte (Corni fructus) als Lebensmittel und als traditionelles Arzneimittel seit dem Altertum vor allem bei Durchfall, Ruhr und Fieber angewendet wurden. Bis heute wird diese gut verträgliche Droge vor allem in Südosteuropa und im Orient volksheilkundlich genutzt. Als Hauptinhaltsstoffe kommen neben verschiedenen polyphenolischen Verbindungen (Procyanidine, Ellagitannine, Anthocyanine, Flavonoide) auch terpenoide Inhaltsstoffe (Iridoide, Triterpene, Carotinoide) sowie Vitamin C vor. Dieses Inhaltsstoffspektrum bestimmt vor allem die prophylaktische und therapeutische Anwendung bei Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Infektionen sowie bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen verschiedener Organsysteme.
Challenging management of familial adenomatous polyposis with advanced colorectal cancer: laparoscopic partial resection and cold snare polypectomy
Authors: Akabane Shota , Suda Hiroaki , Iijima Hirokazu , Kobayashi Yukari , Watanabe Kazunao
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims Prophylactic extended colectomy may be indicated because most surgically untreated patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) develop colorectal cancer (CRC) in their lifetime. However, some patients refuse to undergo surgery to avoid degradation of their quality of life. We report that FAP is controllable with laparoscopic partial resection and postoperative polypectomy even when complicated by advanced CRC. We also discuss the utility of cold snare polypectomy for resection of polyps.
Schwierige Mitarbeiter? Gibt’s nicht! – Führen lernen
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: January 2019

Wir Praxisinhaber und Therapeuten in leitender Funktion sind momentan in einer fantastischen Situation, die uns vermutlich erst in 10 bis 15 Jahren klar wird, wenn wir zurückblicken. Denn: Wir haben keine Ahnung von Führung. Und das ist die beste Chance unserer Zeit!
Erholung vorhersagen – Prognose stellen nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Henneken Tina
Published: January 2019

Wird der Arm wieder so wie vorher? Mithilfe des Algorithmus „Predicting Recovery Potential“ ist es möglich, schon in den ersten drei Tagen nach dem Schlaganfall eine Prognose zur Erholung der oberen Extremität nach zwölf Wochen abzugeben. Das hilft Ergotherapeuten und Klienten, die Therapie zielführend zu gestalten.
Rectal ultrasound with fine needle aspiration: an underutilized modality for delineating and diagnosing perirectal, presacral, and pelvic lesions
Authors: Brown Landon , Clark Norman , Conway Jason , Mishra Girish
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims The merits of rectal ultrasound for rectal cancer staging are well documented. Conventional approaches to accessing perirectal and presacral lesions entail computed tomography guidance via a transgluteal approach or frank surgical exploration. We report on the safety and efficacy of performing rectal ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration (RUS-FNA) for evaluating perirectal, presacral, and pelvic abnormalities.

Patients and methods Patients who underwent RUS-FNA of perirectal, presacral, or pelvic lesions between August 2005 and September 2016 were identified using an institutional database. Subjects were all individuals treated at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. Patient demographics and imaging characteristics were noted. Procedural details included lesion size, location, echo appearance, and technical information. Patients were given antibiotics prior to FNA attempt and for 3 days after. Diagnostic yield, clinical utility, and complications were noted.

Results Twenty-seven patients met criteria during the specified study time period. The cohort consisted of 12 males (44.4 %) and 15 females (55.5 %). RUS-FNA was diagnostic in 24 patients (88.8 %) and obviated the need for surgery in 14 patients (51.9 %). There were four complications (14.8 %): two perirectal and two presacral abscesses.

Conclusion While the diagnostic yield of RUS-FNA is high and the potential to affect clinical decision-making is substantial, risk of complication is not negligible. RUS-FNA should only be performed if the result will substantially alter clinical management, and the decision to perform RUS-FNA should be made with close consultation between the endosonographer, surgeon, and/or medical or radiation oncologist.
Smart Rehab: App-basiertes Rehabilitations-Training für
Patienten nach Amputation der oberen Extremität – Case Report
Authors: Prahm Cosima , Sturma Agnes , Kayali Fares , Mörth Eric , Aszmann Oskar
Published: January 2019

Hintergrund Die Kontrolle einer myoelektrischen Prothese erfordert ein
umfangreiches rehabilitatives Training, welches auf repetitiven Übungen basiert,
angeleitet unter physiotherapeutischer Aufsicht. Doch zuhause fehlt vielen
Patienten die Motivation, die Übungen aus der Physiotherapie weiterzuführen.
Mobile Spiele auf dem Smartphone können zu einer Langzeit-Motivation beitragen,
das Heimtraining mit der notwendigen Intensität fortzuführen.

Patienten und Methodik Wir entwickelten ein Trainingssystem, welches aus
einer spielbasierten mobilen Rehabilitationsanwendung besteht, die mit dem
Muskelsignal des Patienten gesteuert wird, außerdem einem Tablett zum Spielen
der App, einem Elektrodenarmband und einem Handbuch. Bisher haben zwei Patienten
an dieser Studie teilgenommen. Sie wurden gebeten die App für 4 Wochen zu Hause,
5 Mal pro Woche, für 10 bis 15 Minuten zu benutzen. Gemäß eines Prä- und
Post-Test-Designs wurden die neuromuskulären Parameter der Patienten vor und
nach dem mobilen Training untersucht. Evaluiert wurden u. a. die maximale
Kontraktionskraft, Muskelseparation, proportionale Ansteuerung und
Muskelausdauer, sowie die Nutzerstatistiken während der App-Benutzung.

Resultate Nach dem Training mit der App konnte eine signifikante
Verbesserung (p < .01) aller untersuchten klinischen Parameter zur
myoelektrischen Steuerung einer Prothese erzielt werden. Die Nutzerstatistiken
ließen eine hohe Motivation zur Benutzung des Spiels und dem zusätzlichen
Ausführen eines diagnostischen EMG-Tests bei einem Patienten erkennen, der
andere teilnehmende Patient jedoch hatte zwar das Spiel gespielt, jedoch den
EMG-Test vernachlässigt und diesen nur zur Hälfte absolviert.

Conclusio Die Trainings-App „MyoBeatz“ bietet nicht nur Anleitung und
Feedback zur korrekten Ausführung von myoelektrischen Kommandos, sondern erhält
auch die Motivation des Patienten durch verschiedene Spielmodi und
Feedbackelemente. Durch eine Übersicht des Trainingsfortschritts in Form von
Nutzer-Statistiken und Highscores kann der Rehabilitationsprozess überwacht und
verglichen werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Patienten mit Amputation der
oberen Extremität nach der Nutzung der spielbasierten App ihre neuromuskuläre
Kontrolle, Kraft und Koordination signifikant verbessern konnten, so dass sie
das Potential einer myoelektrischen Prothese voll ausschöpfen können.
Akademisierung – auch in der
Anästhesiepflege!
Authors: Wuschke Jens
Published: January 2019

Sowohl Anästhesiepflegende in der Schweiz als auch in Deutschland und Österreich
werden sich zukünftig vermehrt akademisieren müssen. Die Gründe dafür liegen auf
der Hand: steigende ökonomische Anforderungen, eine immer älter und kränker
werdende Bevölkerung, eine sich sprunghaft entwickelnde Profession sowie die
Chance auf mehr Berufsautonomie und Handlungskompetenzen. Der folgende Beitrag
zeigt Ideen für akademische Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der Anästhesiepflege.
Intensivpflege ist mehr als die Pflege auf der
Intensivstation
Authors: Faßbender Guido
Published: January 2019

Im modernen Gesundheitswesen kommt der professionellen Intensivpflege eine
gesamtgesellschaftliche Bedeutung zu. Die Wirksamkeit von Fachkrankenpflege ist
längst nicht mehr an der Tür zur Intensivstation beendet, sondern wirkt weit
darüber hinaus. Eine Übersicht zur Entwicklung und Verteilung von Pflegebedarfen
in der intersektoralen Gesundheitsversorgung von schwerstkranken Menschen und
den Interventionsbedarf von Intensivpflegenden beschreibt der folgende Artikel
teilweise aus der persönlichen Perspektive des Autors.
Einarbeitung mit Struktur
Authors: Stimming Christian , Dormann Patrick , Valentin Philippe , Reimers Stefan
Published: January 2019

Wie kann die Einarbeitung unerfahrener Mitarbeiter in Notaufnahmeabteilungen –
vor allem für Berufsanfänger ohne Praxiserfahrung – strukturiert und organisiert
werden? Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus Sicht der Praxisanleitung.
Arbeitsteilung und Kongruenz im
Arbeitsprozess
Authors: Mewes Hans-Christoph
Published: January 2019

Die demografische Entwicklung der schweizerischen Bevölkerung führt zu einem
erhöhten Bedarf an qualifiziertem Pflegepersonal, der durch inländische
Ausbildung nicht gedeckt werden kann. Die Ausbildungsstruktur erlaubt es der
Schweiz jedoch, mit einem sinnvollen Skill- und Grade-Mix den Personalengpässen
zu begegnen. Um Qualitätseinbußen und Mitarbeiterfluktuation zu verhindern,
bedarf es organisatorischer Strukturen, die einerseits Arbeitsabläufe und
Einsatzbereiche regeln und andererseits dem Kulturwandel Rechnung tragen, damit
die Arbeit sinnhaft und menschenwürdig gestaltet ist.
Circulating and Disseminated Tumour Cells in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Malgorzata , Hartkopf Andreas , Meier-Stiegen Franziska , Janni Wolfgang , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Fehm Tanja
Published: January 2019

Haematogenic dissemination of tumour cells in breast carcinoma is among the most intensively researched areas in translational oncology. Large meta-analyses have shown the prognostic relevance of the disseminated tumour cells in the bone marrow and circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood in the adjuvant as well as metastatic setting. The current status of the research was discussed in detail during the annual meeting of the German Society of Senology in Berlin. The following conference report gives an overview of the clinical study landscape and the new methodological developments for improving the detection and phenotyping of the circulating and disseminated tumour cells.
Die Inanspruchnahme psychotherapeutischer Leistungen durch Diabetes Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Wiborg Jan , Joksimovic Ljiljana
Published: January 2019

Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund sind laut vorhandener Erhebungen häufiger von Diabetes mellitus und komorbiden psychischen Beschwerden betroffen als Patienten ohne Migrationshintergrund. Weniger bekannt ist, ob diese Patienten psychotherapeutische Leistungen erhalten und welche Faktoren eine Inanspruchnahme dieser Leistungen möglicherweise beeinflussen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Inanspruchnahme psychotherapeutischer Leistungen bei psychisch belasteten Diabetes Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund anhand sprachsensibler Materialien näher zu untersuchen und so eine erste Antwort auf diese Fragen zu geben. Dafür wurde in 2 Hausarztpraxen aus dem Raum Düsseldorf, die am Disease Management Program (DMP) für Diabetes mellitus (Typ 2) teilnehmen, über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten mithilfe des Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) die depressive Symptomatik von Patienten einmalig zusammen mit weiteren soziodemografischen Daten erhoben. Von den insgesamt 90 eingeschlossenen Patienten hatten 42% eine klinisch relevante depressive Symptomatik. Ein Drittel (34%) dieser depressiven Patienten befand sich in psychotherapeutischer Behandlung. Eine der wesentlichen Hürden für die Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie waren, unabhängig von der Schwere der depressiven Symptomatik, vorhandene sprachliche Barrieren auf Seiten der Patienten, welche mit einem fast zehnmal höheren Risiko keine psychotherapeutischen Leistungen zu erhalten, einhergingen. Die Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland und kulturelle Übereinstimmung mit den behandelnden Hausärzten spielte, wie auch das Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten, keine signifikante Rolle. Das Vorliegen von Todes- und Suizidphantasien erhöhte hingegen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Patienten psychotherapeutisch eingebunden waren. Die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse werden, gemeinsam mit Empfehlungen für zukünftige Studien, diskutiert.
Der Mensch und die Digitalisierung
Authors: Friedrich Liebau Karl
Published: January 2019

Ein Kommentar von Karl F. Liebau über den Menschen und die Digitalisierung.
Schwangerschaft und funktionelle
Ernährungsmedizin
Authors: Böhm Udo
Published: January 2019

Eine optimale Versorgung mit Mikronährstoffen ist für einen normalen
Schwangerschaftsverlauf unverzichtbar, da Unterversorgungen den
Schwangerschaftsverlauf und die Entwicklung des Fötus ernsthaft beeinträchtigen
können. Die Basisbetreuung Schwangerer muss deshalb Lebensstilfaktoren und
vollwertige Ernährung beinhalten. Nährstoffdefizite bzw. ein Mehrbedarf müssen
diagnostiziert und ausgeglichen werden.

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Mikronährstoffe sowie deren
optimalen Status während der Schwangerschaft.
Innovative Behandlung klinisch diagnostizierter
Meniskusrisse: Randomisierte scheinkontrollierte klinische Studie zur
„Squeeze“-Technik des Mulligan-Konzepts
Authors: Kiefhaber Manuel
Published: January 2019

Hudson R, Richmond A, Sanchez B et al. J Man Manip Ther 2018. doi:
10.1080/10669817.2018.1456614
Pävention von Überlastungsverletzungen der Schulter bei
Wurf-Athleten: Cluster-randomisierte kontrollierte Studie bei 660
Elite-Handballspielern
Authors: Scheinost David
Published: January 2019

Andersson SH, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Myklebust G. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:
1073–1080. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016–096226
Tibiakopf – Klassifikation und Prinzipien der Behandlung
Authors: Friederichs Jan , Stuby Fabian
Published: January 2019

Bei Tibiakopffrakturen handelt es sich meist um schwere knöcherne Verletzungen, die einer operativen Therapie bedürfen. Diese stellt aufgrund der Komplexität der Fraktur einen hohen Anspruch an den Operateur, da nur nach sorgfältiger Analyse der Fraktur, Wahl des korrekten, weichteilschonenden Zugangs und Verwendung eines passenden Implantats eine optimale Reposition und Retention mit Wiederherstellung der Gelenkkongruenz erzielt werden kann. Dieser Beitrag stellt die modernen Klassifikationen und Zugangswege vor.
Extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung in der Thoraxchirurgie: die Sicht des Anästhesisten
Authors: Rehers Stephanie , Beiderlinden Martin , Ziegeler Stephan
Published: January 2019

Auch in der Thoraxchirurgie sind in den letzten Jahren Behandlungspfade im Rahmen von „Enhanced-Recovery-after-Surgery“-Programmen entwickelt worden. Neben minimalinvasiven Operationstechniken sind dabei eine Vielzahl von anästhesiologischen Aspekten wie die Wahl kurz wirksamer Narkoseregime, der Einsatz von Regionalanalgesie, eine ausgeglichene intraoperative Flüssigkeitstherapie, die Vermeidung von postoperativer Übelkeit und Erbrechen und vor allem eine protektive Beatmung zu berücksichtigen. Bei einem Patientenkollektiv, das zunehmend auch bei vorbestehenden, teils schweren Lungenfunktionsstörungen operiert werden muss, führt eine protektive Beatmung unter den Bedingungen einer Ein-Lungen-Ventilation häufig zu schweren Gasaustauschstörungen. In dieser Situation stellt der Einsatz einer venovenösen extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung (vvECMO) eine suffiziente und sichere Methode dar, die perioperative Behandlung dieser Patienten zu ermöglichen. Auch postoperativ kann die Genesung der Patienten durch eine Weiterführung des Verfahrens im Wachzustand sowohl notwendige Maßnahmen, wie Physio- und Atemtherapie und die Frühmobilisation, als auch die Ausheilung von Luftfistelung der operierten Lunge begünstigen. Zur Vermeidung von Blutungskomplikationen kann die ECMO aufgrund der Heparinbeschichtung der Schlauchsysteme intraoperativ zunächst ohne Antikoagulation betrieben werden. Postoperative Optionen der Antikoagulation stellen Heparin, Argatroban oder Bivalirudin dar. Auch neue Techniken, wie die minimalinvasive Thoraxchirurgie unter Regionalanästhesie mit Sedierung, können in der Zukunft möglicherweise durch den Einsatz einer vvECMO weiterentwickelt werden.