bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing between cooled confinements with the LDNA process
Authors: Biester Kai , Büttner Hannes , Barroi Alexander , Schwarz Nick , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan
Published: October 2024

Laser-assisted double-wire welding with nontransferred arc (LDNA) is characterized by two converging wires between which an electrical arc burns to melt both wires. The molten material falling onto the substrate is distributed with oscillating laser radiation with a power of 1.5 kW to ensure sufficient bonding with the substrate without delamination and pores. The process is characterized by high deposition rates of more than 7.5 kg/h. Due to the high deposition rate, only high values for waviness in the buildup direction can be achieved in the production of multilayer additive structures. The approach investigated in this publication examines the potential to produce additive structures with a confined melt pool. The use of water-cooled copper jaws and the deposition of ER70S-6 between these confinements using the LDNA process are being investigated to produce additive 10 mm wide and 100 mm long structures with significantly improved waviness in the direction of buildup and improved dimensional accuracy. It can be shown that a wall-like structure can be welded between the confinements without material bonding to the cooling jaws. Additionally, it has been observed that the confinements can easily be removed which is attributed to the thermal contraction of the steel. Metallographic examinations of the produced structures in the longitudinal and transverse sections as well as hardness curves in the transverse section are carried out and evaluated. Multilayer structures with up to five layers are produced and the waviness and surface roughness on the side surfaces defined by the jaws are measured and evaluated.
High-speed formation of pure copper layers via multibeam laser metal deposition with blue lasers
Authors: Takenaka Keisuke , Yoshida Tamaki , Yamashita Yorihiro , Sato Yuji , Tsukamoto Masahiro
Published: October 2024

To realize a carbon-neutral society, it is necessary to shift from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles. Electric vehicles use copper components such as coil motors and batteries for which copper joining technology is important. Additive manufacturing is one of the most essential technologies for the next generation of manufacturing. Therefore, the technology for forming pure copper layer on a pure copper substrate is important. Laser metal deposition (LMD) is one of the additive manufacturing technologies. A blue diode laser is expected to be effective in shaping pure copper parts because light absorptance of pure copper at blue light is higher than that of near-infrared light. Thus, a multibeam LMD system with the blue diode laser in which metal powder was supplied perpendicular to the processing point and multiple lasers were irradiated from the surroundings was developed for additively manufactured pure copper. In our previous study, we succeeded in forming a pure copper layer on a pure copper substrate at a speed of 1.5 mm/s with blue diode lasers. However, an increase in processing speed was necessary for industrial application. It is considered that the improvement of energy density at the processing point and the control of heat input to the powder and the substrate by lasers are essential to improve the processing speed. Therefore, in this study, we designed an optical system with ten times higher energy density and calculated the heat input to the powder to form a pure copper layer at a speed of 10 mm/s or faster.
LIXO PARA ALGUNS, SOBREVIVÊNCIA PARA OUTROS: DILEMAS DA POLÍTICA DE GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SOUSA – PB
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Wallace Ramos , Barbosa Robson Fernandes , Silva Thales Fabrício da Costa e , Lima Thiago Cardoso de , Marques Laiane Elias Dantas , Brito Geyse Karla Leite
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo analisa a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos e suas implicações para os catadores de materiais recicláveis no município de Sousa, Paraíba. A pesquisa foi conduzida com base na metodologia espiral construtivista, abrangendo análise bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. Os resultados indicam que, com a desativação dos lixões, houve um agravamento das condições de trabalho dos catadores, que agora enfrentam maiores dificuldades de acesso a materiais recicláveis e perda de sua principal fonte de renda. A falta de políticas públicas adequadas, como programas de inclusão socioeconômica e infraestrutura apropriada, agrava a exclusão social desses trabalhadores. O estudo aponta ainda que, apesar de algumas iniciativas municipais, estas não têm sido suficientes para promover a emancipação e autonomia dos catadores. A conclusão ressalta a necessidade urgente de revisão e atualização das políticas municipais, com foco em uma gestão de resíduos mais inclusiva e sustentável, que contemple a criação de cooperativas, o fortalecimento da coleta seletiva e a valorização do trabalho dos catadores como agentes fundamentais na cadeia de reciclagem.
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS VARIAÇÕES HIDROSSEDIMENTOLÓGICAS AO LONGO DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO APÓS A IMPLANTAÇÃO DAS USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS
Authors: Mororó Arquimedes Parente Paiva , Arruda Valmir Cristiano Marques de , Aguiar Vanessa Cardim de , Nepomuceno Thiago Cabral , Moraes Alex Souza , Tavares Rosângela Gomes
Published: October 2024

O estudo analisou as variações hidrossedimentológicas ao longo do rio São Francisco após a implantação de usinas hidrelétricas, utilizando dados hidrométricos e sedimentológicos de diferentes postos ao longo do rio. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em séries históricas da Hidroweb e dados fornecidos por concessionárias de hidrelétricas. Foram estudadas as relações entre vazão líquida (m³/s) e vazão sólida (t/d), aplicando-se a teoria do Z-score para identificar valores extremos. A eliminação de 8,43% dos dados indica que uma pequena parte dos dados coletados estava fora do padrão esperado, ou seja, valores significativamente distantes da média. A análise abrangeu trechos no médio e baixo do rio, destacando variações nos Postos Hidrométricos de Juazeiro, Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Ibó, Piranhas, Traipu e Propriá. A correlação entre maiores vazões líquidas e maiores descargas sólidas foi observada, mas também foram identificadas exceções influenciadas por fatores como sazonalidade, disponibilidade de sedimentos e efeitos dos barramentos hidrelétricos. A análise concluiu que a presença de usinas hidrelétricas alterou o regime hidrossedimentológico do rio, com padrões distintos de transporte de sedimentos ao longo do tempo e do espaço.
Transformation of Digital Libraries and Efforts to Increase Information Literacy
Authors: Hardi Wahono Irva Yunita, Zahwa Tara Fadhila,
Published: October 2024

Digital libraries have transformed into gateways to boundless information. Physical book collections now exist in digital format, opening wider and more accessible avenues to knowledge. Their role goes beyond simply providing books, extending to enhancing the digital information. Users can now easily search for and evaluate information, develop critical thinking skills, understand online safety, and even embark on flexible, self-directed learning journeys. Digital libraries act as windows opening new opportunities in the digital age. However, gaps remain to be bridged, such as uneven internet access and suboptimal digital literacy levels. Collaboration among various stakeholders, including government, libraries, academics, and the public, is key to maximizing the potential of digital libraries and empowering communities in this information-rich era.
Assessing predictors of successful transition services for students with disabilities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khasawneh Mohmmad Ahmad Saleem
Published: October 2024

This study examines the factors that predict successful transition outcomes for college students with impairments in Saudi Arabia. A stratified random sample method was employed to survey 500 people across various educational levels and disability categories. The efficacy of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), cultural variables, and perceptions of transition services have been investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study revealed significant positive correlations between the efficacy of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and favourable impressions of transition services. Additionally, it highlighted the impact of cultural variables on transition results. The assessment of indirect effects confirmed that cultural variables partially mitigate the connection between IEPs and transition assistance. The document provides practical suggestions for enhancing the efficiency of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), improving cultural proficiency among educators, facilitating collaboration among stakeholders, and guiding policies. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to develop inclusive and culturally appropriate transition programs for students with impairments in Saudi Arabia.
Income of women whose jobs were to sort eucalyptus leaves after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Daulay Pardamean , Umanailo Muhamad Chairul Basrun , Pujiati Sri
Published: October 2024

Buru Regency is the primary hub for producing eucalyptus oil, a highly valued commodity in the region. The oil extracted from the eucalyptus epidemic plant possesses antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics. Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous industries require it as a fundamental component of pharmaceuticals. An essential factor in the eucalyptus oil production process is the presence of eucalyptus leaves. Therefore, leaf-sorting workers, including women, are required to ensure this availability. However, in reality, the daily lives of eucalyptus leaf massagers are characterized by challenging economic conditions and a socio-economic environment that lags behind workers in other sectors. This study aims to examine and investigate the roles and work patterns of employed women and the strategies they employ to ensure the consistent flow of household income. The research employed a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach. A total of 24 informants were purposefully selected based on their involvement in achieving the research objectives. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the circumstances of women who collect leaves and rely heavily on eucalyptus trees as a natural resource. Physical adaptation strategies are the preferred methods used to fulfill household requirements. Implementing physical adaptations does not deter women leaf-sorters from continuing their work. Their commitment to meeting their basic needs significantly motivates them to persist in their role as leaf sorters. The income of women engaged in sorting eucalyptus leaves in their households during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rates: A case study in the district of Cumba, Northern Peru
Authors: Suarez-Rivadeneira Juan E. , Suarez-Chavarry Eduardo B. , Ruiz-Camacho Wilfredo , Paredes-Carranza José C. , Saldaña-Sánchez Daivis D. , Manayay Freddy A.
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research was to evaluate the unit rates of MSW generation in Cumba in the years 2016 and 2022. The calculations were based on the weights of the MSW disposed in the dump located 5 km from the city of Cumba since 2012. The GPC, physical composition, density, humidity were determined in the years 2016 and 2022, studied according to the methodology and group classification of Peruvian regulations. The results show that 5.45 Tn/day−1 are generated in 2016, 4.37 Tn/day−1 in 2022; according to its physical composition, 82% RO, 14% MICVC and 4% MISVC in 2016; 77% RO, 16% MICVC, 7% MISVC in 2022; density 137.90 kg/m−3 in 2016 and 172.69 kg/m−3 in 2022; humidity 67.67% in 2016 and 63.43% in 2022. It was also found that in 100.00% there is no solid waste treatment; Everything generated in homes, businesses and streets is evacuated to the final disposal site, which is a dump. In 2022, Cumba acquired 10 hectares to have adequate sanitary infrastructure and begin the closure and recovery of its current dump. This study will contribute to providing accurate data on MSW generation that allows the local government to promote the optimization of collection routes and schedules, resulting in cost savings and reduction of carbon emissions in the Amazon Region. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness at all levels of society through various means of communication and education, so that the risks of spreading health risks can be minimized by improving MSW management.
Applying MCDM to evaluate benchmark scores in the logistics sector for the period 2021–2023: Application to universities in Vietnam
Authors: Uyen Vo Thi Nhu , Ersoy Nazlı , Trung Do Duc , Phuong Giang Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2024

Choosing a university is a crucial decision for each field of study, as it significantly influences the quality of graduates. An important factor in this decision is the university’s annual benchmark scores. The benchmark score represents the minimum score required for admission. This study evaluates the benchmark scores in the logistics sector for several prominent universities in Vietnam during the period 2021–2023. The research process utilized data on the benchmark scores for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. The weights of these benchmark scores were calculated using the Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method, and the Probability method was employed to compare the benchmark scores of the universities. The analysis identified C3 as the criterion with the highest importance, while U3 emerged as the top-ranked alternative. The two-stage comprehensive sensitivity analysis revealed that universities consistently ranked high or low regardless of the method used to calculate benchmark score weights or the method employed for ranking. Additionally, the smallest weight change that affected the overall Probability ranking was 4.61%. This study provides significant guidance for students in selecting a university for logistics studies and serves as a foundational reference for universities to assess their capabilities in logistics education, thereby fostering healthy competition among institutions.
Georges Bataille, Jean Baudrillard e a crítica ao conceito tradicional de economia
Authors: Araujo Pedro Antônio Gregorio de , Fraga David dos Santos
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca apresentar e analisar as críticas ao conceito tradicional de economia elaboradas pelos autores Georges Bataille e Jean Baudrillard. Para Bataille, a ciência da economia nunca buscou analisar a totalidade do comportamento humano sendo assim uma “economia restrita”, ao passo que ele defenderá uma “economia geral” pautada no dispêndio improdutivo e no excesso. Baudrillard procura mostrar como a cultura da atualidade é fruto de uma realidade construída, a hiper-realidade, e questiona a dominação imposta pelos sistemas de signos, o valor simbólico, que substitui o valor de troca e de uso como fundamento da economia e da sociedade. Tal estrutura sígnica de dominação requer um aparato de sistema tecnológico e redes de informação que altera substancialmente a racionalidade, o pensar e o agir. Essa “intoxicação” midiática acarretou a perda do referencial das identidades, tornando-as servas de uma ditadura tecnológica cujo único propósito é a autopreservação do próprio Sistema.
Palavras-chave: Bataille; Baudrillard; dispêndio; hiper-realidade; valor simbólico.
Optimization of MBE-grown GaSb buffer on GaAs substrates for infrared detectors
Authors: Marchewka Michał , Trzyna-Sowa Małgorzata , Bobko Ewa , Jarosz Dawid , Ruszała Marta , Nowak Oskar , Przeździecka Ewa , Stachowicz Marcin , Maś Kinga , Juś Anna , Tabor Brajan , Gudyka Daria , Krzemiński Piotr , Wojnarowska-Nowak Renata
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work was to improve the quality of the GaSb buffer layers on GaAs substrates using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology. The high quality of the GaSb buffer layers is one of the most important elements enabling the synthesis of good quality of type II superlattices (T2SL) structures for infrared applications. The main challenges in this regard are: compensation of the difference in lattice constants between GaAs and GaSb and obtaining the highest achievable surface quality of the final GaSb layer. In the literature, many authors describe different techniques to obtain the best quality of a GaSb buffer layer. In this work, we present the results of HRXRD, AFM, TOF-SIMS, SEM, and Nomarski optical microscope measurements obtained for 2 μm thick GaSb buffer layers. The GaSb layers are made according to different techniques and these results are compared with a GaSb buffer construction technique according to our own technology. During the processes, we also obtained an unintentional structure of one of the buffer layers, which allowed us to obtain very good results in terms of surface structure and crystallographic quality where FWHM in ωRC scan was equal to 138 arcsec and RMS 0.20 nm proving that there is still a lot of work to be done in this area.
Causality between Economic Policy Uncertainty, Economic Growth and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from ASEAN markets
Authors: Tran Phuoc , Huy Tam Phan , Hong Tuyet Pham
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the causal relationships among economic policy uncertainty, economic growth, and stock market liquidity in ASEAN markets, focusing on the extent and directionality of these relationships. Using Granger causality tests on data from six ASEAN countries, the study assesses the impact of economic policy uncertainty on economic growth and stock market liquidity using price-range and volume-based measures. The findings reveal no significant causal effect of economic policy uncertainty on economic growth or stock market liquidity but identify significant causal effects of economic growth on stock market liquidity for price-range measures and of stock market liquidity on economic policy uncertainty. This underscores the complex interplay within emerging markets and suggests resilience against policy uncertainty. Recommendations emphasize the need for investors and policymakers to consider broader economic indicators and market-specific liquidity measures when evaluating the impact of economic policy uncertainty, advocating for diversified strategies and policies to stabilize economic growth to enhance market liquidity indirectly.
Role of insurance in promoting sustainable development in OECD countries: Mediation analysis
Authors: Hien Tran Thi Le , Tri Ho Thanh , Van Pham Thi Tuong
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the correlations between economic and financial indicators and sustainable development goals. Data spanning 1995 to 2022 were collected from 36 OECD countries, resulting in a dataset comprising 1,008 observations. The findings reveal the significant influences of the banking sector’s loan assets, gross insurance premiums, gross domestic product, and tax environment on four dependent variables: carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, material resources, and renewable energy. Furthermore, the study identifies that value added in financial corporations and patents related to environmental technologies impacts three dependent variables: carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and material resources. However, these factors do not influence renewable energy. Additionally, this study establishes that the banking sector’s leverage, financial corporations’ debt-to-equity ratio, financial intermediation ratio, and gross domestic spending on Research and Development R&D affect renewable energy. However, economic debt alone influences carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the results indicate that gross insurance premiums mediate between GDP and carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, material resources, and renewable energy. These outcomes underscore the significance of insurance premium policies, environmental taxes, bank lending management, and corporate debt management as crucial tools for mitigating the environmental impacts of sustainable development.
AI Innovation and Economics Growth: A Global Evidence
Authors: Huy Tam Phan , Hong Tuyet Pham , Thanh Cuong Nguyen , Tran Phuoc
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth, focusing on how AI-related activities such as scholarly publications, patent filings, and national AI strategies influence GDP across different national contexts. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset from 2010 to 2023, covering 141 countries, and employs the SGMM to analyze the economic impacts of AI. Additionally, the study incorporates a Random Forest algorithm to assess the importance of various AI-related features, providing a nuanced understanding of which aspects of AI are most predictive of economic outcomes. This dual-methodology approach allows for robust analysis by addressing potential endogeneities with SGMM and validating feature significance with Random Forest. This ensures a thorough examination of AI’s contributions to economic growth. The SGMM analysis confirms that AI innovations significantly boost economic output, particularly in countries with robust AI strategies and advanced infrastructure. Complementing this, Random Forest analysis highlights that patents per million and comprehensive national AI strategies are crucial in predicting economic growth. These features are key drivers, indicating that dense innovation environments and strategic planning are essential for maximizing AI’s economic benefits. The study suggests that to leverage AI’s full economic potential, policymakers and business leaders should develop comprehensive AI strategies and foster environments conducive to AI integration. This research contributes unique insights into the quantitative effects of AI on economic growth, highlighting the role of national policies and infrastructure in enhancing AI’s economic impact. It offers a nuanced understanding of AI’s potential as a driver of sustainable economic development.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MECHANICAL RUB PROCESS ON THE COLOR CHANGE OF THERMOCHROMIC PRINTS ON TEXTILE SAMPLES
Authors:   ", Maričić Katarina ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Kašiković Nemanja ,   "Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Miketić Nada ,   "Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia"
Published: October 2024

The subject of this paper was to examine the impact of mechanical rubbing on the rate of colour change of thermochromic ink on textile samples. Textile samples made of polyester and cotton were printed using a manual screen printing technique with a reversible magenta leuco ink, with an activation temperature of 31°C. This paper aims to investigate how the process of mechanical rubbing affects the colour change of thermochromic samples during their cooling period, with varying numbers of rubbing cycles. To determine the relationship between the rubbing process and the rate of colour change, thermal, colorimetric, and spectrophotometric values were measured on the samples. The results indicate greater resistance of polyester compared to cotton, providing guidelines for improving the durability and resistance of thermochromic textile products. These findings have a significant impact on the development of more durable, functional textile products, reducing waste and costs and enhancing the sustainability of the textile industry.
AI-ENHANCED DESIGN AND LEGAL FOOTPRINT FROM INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Hudika Tomislav , Bošković Nika ,   Producta IP, Zagreb, Croatia, Rubinić-Puller Anita ,   Ergomed Istraživanja, Zagreb, Croatia, Katulić Tihomir ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

The introduction of artificial intelligence into graphic design is widely understood as a fundamental game-changer. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of applied machine learning has revolutionized the field of graphic design, introducing advanced tools to foster creativity and productivity. Machine learning has brought forth tools that enhance creativity and speed up work processes. However, this technological progress also presents significant legal, especially intellectual property (IP) challenges that need to be addressed to safeguard innovation and ownership rights. This paper explores the intersection of AI-enhanced graphic design and IP issues. The core of AI enhanced design is commonly based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and machine learning algorithms (MLA) in the design process where input parameters often include existing protected works under copyright. These processing activities often present a challenge from an IP rights perspective. By analysing current EU legal framework and relevant case law, we present examples of processing activities where AI systems contributing to creative outputs fall under regulatory obligations and potential risk of litigation. The paper presents potential solutions and best practices for interdisciplinary work that includes engineers, designers and lawyers to navigate these challenges, hopefully contributing to bridging the gap between diverse fields incorporating technology and law that designers face in the era of AI-enhanced creativity.
MODERATION OF CONSUMERS' CONFUSION IN THE ATYPICALITY OF PACKAGING DESIGN THROUGH THE USE OF E-LABELING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Authors:   Federal University of Technology (FUTA), Industrial Design, Akure, Nigeria, S. Oluyemi Ayorinde , S. Adelabu Oluwafemi ,   Federal University of Technology (FUTA), Industrial Design, Akure, Nigeria, Bankole Oladumiye E. ,   Federal University of Technology (FUTA), Industrial Design, Akure, Nigeria
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore how e-labelling can moderate consumer confusion caused by atypical packaging designs, thereby promoting sustainable consumption. The pursuit of sustainability in product packaging has prompted the quest for exploration of various innovative approach to reduce environmental impact while maintaining user friendly interface for consumers. Utilizing a literature review to establish the theoretical framework, the research employs focus groups and Delphi techniques for data collection. The focus groups, comprising diverse consumer segments from Akure, Nigeria. The Delphi technique engages a panel of experts, including brand managers, marketers, and packaging designers, to achieve a consensus on the efficacy of e-labelling in mitigating confusion. Findings from the literature review suggest that clear and informative e-labels can significantly enhance product identification and reduce confusion. Focus group discussions reveal that consumers are receptive to e-labels, appreciating the additional information that aids in quick and accurate product recognition. The findings of the study shows that e-labelling will enable circular economy and environmental sustainability by preventing material waste. it may help reuse of product package as well as encourage recycling through education that can be provided. Also, e-labelling is considered preferable because it will enable comprehensive product packaging design due to its adaptation for multilingual content and real time update. In conclusion, the integration of e-labelling into sustainable packaging design represents a promising avenue for reducing environmental impact, enhance consumer engagement and drive innovation in the packaging industry. The Delphi panel supports these findings, emphasizing the role of e-labels in fostering sustainable consumption by reducing waste and promoting informed purchasing decisions. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable packaging practices and offers practical implications for stakeholders. By demonstrating the potential of e-labelling to alleviate consumer confusion, the research provides a pathway towards more sustainable consumption patterns in Akure, Nigeria.
CALCULATION OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF BOOKS AND E-READERS THROUGH THE STAGES OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bolanča Mirković Ivana ,   Croatian Academy of Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia, Bolanča Zdenka ,   Croatian Academy of Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

In this research, the carbon footprint for the book and e-reader was calculated for all phases of the product's life cycle. The scientific paper also compares the amount of CO2 equivalents by stages of the life cycle analysis of the listed products, identifies possible places in production or individual habits that can be responsible for reducing the carbon footprint, and suggests ways to reduce the carbon footprint. The CO2 equivalent was used in the carbon footprint calculations because other greenhouse gases such as methane, N2O and fluorinated gases are also emitted during the life cycle of books and e-readers. Calculating the carbon footprint is essential for understanding, monitoring and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The calculation can contribute to raising people's awareness of issues important for reducing the negative impact on the environment, can be a driver of necessary changes in lifestyle with the aim of more sustainable business and lifestyle, and contributes to global efforts in the fight against climate change. The importance of the obtained indicative numbers lies in the fact that individuals and organizations can use the obtained values to make informed decisions that positively affect the environment, society and the economy.
MODERN ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY AT UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   ", Liang Jiong ,   School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China", Wang Huaming ,   "School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China", Wang Xi ,   "School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China"
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the cultivation aims and methods for students majoring in graphic technology at universities in the era of the Internet and Artificial Intelligence. The graphic technology major, with an engineering focus, originated from traditional printing technology. By referencing the Washington Accord— an agreement for engineering degree accreditation, this paper introduces the demands of modern engineering education. Tracing back to its traditional focus on the printing industry, the social demands for the graphic technology major have shifted to include cross-media presentation and the reproduction of graphics and images across various media, not just paper. The new social ecosystem requires talent capable of solving complex technical problems and designing innovative print-related products by applying knowledge from multiple disciplines. The development of related printing technologies and the methodologies that support the cultivation of such talent are described in this paper, including the application of printing theories in cross-media contexts, the design thinking approach, STEAM skills training, and aspects of product innovation. These analyses strengthen the related theories in printing and expand the cross-media content and design thinking components when building the cultivation system for students. When we organized activities that brought together students from different disciplinary backgrounds, aiming to enhance their STEAM skills, their enthusiasm could be observed in their designs and products. While the methods suggested in the paper are still in the conceptual stage, they are continuously being promoted and developed.
DEVELOPING LISTENING COMPREHENSION IN ENGLISH FOR GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Šafranj Jelisaveta , Bogdanović Vesna ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Bulatović Vesna ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: October 2024

When teaching English for Graphic Engineering and Design at the tertiary level, it is important to train students to follow professional lectures and presentations and grasp this speech genre. English language classes could be organised to develop this significant skill through systematic training, which includes both the preparation phase, crucial for the activity's success, and the active listening phase. Competence differentiates each phase by adopting and mastering specific strategies. The most crucial method involves anticipating the presentation's topic and key terms, while the next step involves listening to the presentation. The process includes the following steps: a. anticipating the content; b. separating relevant from irrelevant data; c. tolerating ambiguity in the listening data; d. mentally summarising the presented data; e. drawing conclusions about unknown facts based on context; and f. elaborating and connecting previous knowledge with new information. With competent instruction from the teacher and his guidance through the entire process of acquiring and mastering the skills of understanding lectures and presentations in English for Graphic Engineering and Design, the listed strategies can help students gain competence in this field of specific professional knowledge and advance their professional and academic careers.
Cerebroprotective properties of nitric oxide in children in cardiac surgery (literature review)
Authors: Pevneva K. S. , Ivkin A. A. , Grigoriev E. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Cardiac surgery in conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with congenital heart defects is characterized by a complex of damaging factors (initial immaturity of organs and systems, the fact of non-physiology of cardiopulmonary bypass, frequent use of perfusion and non-perfusion hypothermia, comorbid infection), which dictates the validity of using a number of strategies aimed at protecting vital organs and the brain above all.

The objective was to study the effectiveness of the use of nitric oxide to protect the brain in children during surgical correction of congenital heart defects in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions.

Materials and methods. A literary search was performed in domestic and international bibliographic databases for keywords: nitric oxide, cerebroprotection, cardiopulmonary bypass, organoprotection, inhalation of nitric oxide, children.

Results. The review provides up-to-date information on the effect of nitric oxide on the components of the neurovascular unit: angiogenesis, proliferation and myelination of nerve cells, the role in neuroinflammation and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Conclusion. The results of many studies confirm the effectiveness of nitric oxide for neuroprotection. However, there is a deficit of clinical researches in general and in the pediatric patient population, which does not yet allow to definitely state its effectiveness.
Variants for dosing of rocuronium taken into obesity during general anesthesia in gynecological laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Polovnikov E. V. , Elizar’eva N. L. , Shmakov A. N. , Kokhno V. N.
Published: October 2024

The objective was to identify the optimal method of dosing the muscle relaxant rocuronium during gynecological laparoscopic surgery in obese patients.

Materials and methods. The study included 36 women with obesity II–III degree, which performed elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery. They were divided into 3 groups. In group 1, rocuronium were dosed at the rate of 0.6 mg/kg of ideal body weight calculated by the Lorentz formula. In group 2, rocuronium were dosed at the rate of 0.6 mg/kg of actual body weight. In group 3, rocuronium were dosed at the rate of 22.5 mg/m2 of body surface area. The comparison group (group 0) included 20 patients with body mass index equal to 18.5–25 kg/m2.

Results. The shortest time for the onset of deep neuromuscular block was noted in groups 2 and 3, and the longest, comparable to the indicator in group 0, was in group 1 (p < 0.05). The time from rocuronium administration to the onset of restoration of neuromuscular conduction was the shortest in group 1: 22 [20; 25] minutes, and the longest in group 2: 40 [35; 45] min. There was no statistically significant difference in the dosing of rocuronium in obese patients at body surface area in group 3 compared with dosing for actual weight in group 0: 27 [22; 29] and 27 [25; 33] min, respectively. The recovery time of neuromuscular conduction from TOF = 1 to TOF = 25% was the shortest in group 1 (23 [18; 24] min) and was significantly different from the value in groups 2 and 3, as well as in patients of group 0. In groups 0, 2, 3, values of this indicator were identical. The recovery index did not differ significantly in all four groups.

Conclusion. Dosing rocuronium in obese patients based on body surface area has an advantage for comparison over dosing based on both actual and ideal body weight, resulting in greater predictability of neuromuscular block dynamics.
Hand dynamometer and clinical tests to evaluate the recovery of neuromuscular conductance in atracurium versus rocuronium in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Sasaa M. A. , Jaafar J. H. , Saafi М. A.
Published: October 2024

Background. Postoperative muscle weakness is not unusual and may be related to postoperative complications in patients after general anesthesia. However, the clinical practice of neuromuscular conductance monitoring is uncommon among anesthesiologists.

The objective was to evaluate the rate of neuromuscular recovery after atracurium and rocuronium and to determine the numerical value of grip strength using a hand dynamometer, indicating the safety of transferring a patient from the postoperative ward.

study design. A prospective, observational, clinical comparison study.

Materials and Methods. Upon proper authorization and approval from the local ethics committee, patients referred for laparoscopic surgery, 120 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I &II between ages 20–49 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 60 each. Group I received a single atracurium dose of 0.5mg/kg of ideal body weight and Group II patients received a single rocuronium dose of 0.6mg/kg of ideal body weight. Parameters such as modified Alderete score (MAS), grip strength, and sustained head and leg lift for five seconds were compared in both groups 50 minutes after giving the reversal agent at 10-minute intervals.

Results. Postoperative muscle recovery (grip strength) was faster in the atracurium group than the rocuronium group, with a p-value of 0.042 at 20 minutes, and 0.0000 for 30, 40, and 50 minutes after giving the reversal agent. The time to obtain a modified Alderete score (MAS) > 8 scores was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.335. Positive clinical test for sustained head lift for 5 seconds was statistically insignificant within a majority of the time, except in the 20 minutes, most of the cases in the atracurium group were able to sustain head elevation for 5 seconds with a p-value of 0.021. In the 10 &20 minutes, most cases in the atracurium group could sustain leg elevation for 5 seconds with a p-value of 0.015 and 0.014 respectively. However, most cases in both groups could sustain head and leg elevation for 5 seconds in the 30 minutes after giving a reversal agent.

Conclusion. Compared to rocuronium, atracurium has been associated with faster muscle recovery after a single tracheal intubation dose for a short surgery. This was determined by utilizing an electronic hand dynamometer to measure grip strength. 42% grip strength from baseline might be applicable for safe discharge from the recovery room. A hand dynamometer assessment revealed more post-operative muscle weakening than a clinical evaluation.
Trends in changing the structure of anesthesia at the advanced stages of medical care in modern armed conflict
Authors: Tsygankov A. E. , Semenov M. E. , Petrov V. E. , Usoltsev E. А. , Sidelkin S. V. , Ershov E. N.
Published: October 2024

The objective was to analyze the structure of anesthesia provided to the wounded at the advanced stages of medical care in the active phase of hostilities.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical data of anesthesia was performed. The data on the structure of anesthesia in military medical organizations of 1–3 levels in the zone of a special military operation for the period from 01.2023 to 07.2024 were analyzed.

Results. In the structure of combat trauma, with the need for surgical intervention, gunshot wounds amounted to 85.2%, there was a predominance of combined (71.5%) and multiple (19.8%) wounds.

The low proportion of combined general anesthesia and the lack of use of inhalation anesthesia at some stages is explained by the special conditions of care. Regional anesthesia (RA), including as part of combined anesthesia, in the structure of anesthesia at the stages of emergency specialized surgical care amounted to 34.5%, and at the stages of qualified surgical care – 25.4%. The lowest rates of RA use were at the stages of level 1, as well as at the stages of level 2 with a 100% flow of primary wounded.

Conclusion. RA occupies a significant share in the structure of anesthesia at the military stages of medical evacuation; an increase in the frequency of its use is possible due to the introduction of ultrasonic navigation.
Anesthetic management of laparoscopically assisted fetoscopic surgery to correct spina bifida
Authors: Nikonov D. N. , Filippov A. V. , Yakovlev A. V. , Taits A. N. , Reznik V. A. , Ivanov D. O.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The growing incidence of intrauterine pathology in the fetus at the present stage dictates the need to develop and improve intrauterine surgical correction of defects in the fetus. Myelomeningocele (SPINA BIFIDA) is the most common and severe neural tube defect in the fetus, the severity of the neurological deficit is determined by the level of location and extent of the anomaly. By uniting doctors of various specialties (obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists, surgeons, anesthesiologists-resuscitators), the Clinic of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University effectively introduces methods of prenatal surgery.

The objective was to demonstrate by clinical example the experience of successful fetoscopic correction of myeloneningocele to reduce maternal risks and injuries, to reduce risks aimed at protecting the tissues of the spinal cord of the fetus, as well as to reduce the need for postpartum correction of the defect in the fetus, to improve prognosis and risks of subsequent disability.

Materials and methods. The article presents the first successful experience of minimally invasive laparoscopic correction of myelomeningocele in the fetus with the participation of the multidisciplinary team and the features of anesthesiological support of the method.

Conclusion. Laparoscopic access, together with the optimal choice of anesthetic management in fetal surgery, allows not only to successfully correct the defect in myelomeningocele in the fetus, but also to significantly minimize and reduce the risks of injury to the mother, and also reduces the need for postpartum surgical treatment and reduce disability. Accumulation and improvement of experience, a multidisciplinary approach is the key to successful correction of intrauterine fetal pathology.
Cellulitis Induced by Jellyfish Sting in A 3-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daghreeri Hadi , Mahnashi Mohammed , Khawaji Alhussen , Arishi Sarah , Otayn Mohammed , Almujami Almughyirah , Alhazmi Faris , Alhamoud Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Background: Jellyfish stings, though often perceived as benign encounters of the sea, can precipitate severe complications, particularly in the pediatric population engaging in aquatic activities. While these injuries are rare in Saudi Arabia, they can still present as a distressing condition and warrant preparedness.
Case presentation: This case report presents a rare occurrence of cellulitis induced by a jellyfish sting in a 3-year-old boy from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Following the initial sting, the patient exhibited distressing symptoms, including intense pain, erythema, and pronounced swelling in his left leg. Despite initial medical intervention, his condition worsened, necessitating hospitalization and a comprehensive treatment regimen involving antipyretic, corticosteroid, and antibiotic therapies.
Conclusion: This case report underscores the imperative of timely and efficacious management of jellyfish sting injuries, particularly in regions where such incidents are infrequent. It also advocates for heightened awareness among healthcare practitioners regarding potential complications and the formulation of standardized protocols for optimal patient care.
Abuse of Authority by Village Head in Cases of Sexual Violence against Women
Authors: Rizky M. Affan , Dewi Erna , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: October 2024

The government's efforts to combat sexual violence in society are embodied in the Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence, reflecting the State's responsibility to protect and improve the psychological well-being of victims, whether they have experienced physical or psychological harm. Protection of women in the workplace is crucial, and ensuring their rights is a legal imperative. The prevalence of sexual violence against women in work environments, often driven by power imbalances, highlights the urgent need for effective legal protection. This research aims to examine the influence of power relations on sexual violence crimes committed by regional officials and to identify optimal legal protections for women who are victims of sexual violence. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research finds that while existing laws are generally adequate for addressing sexual violence, their implementation falls short of expectations. Recommendations include enhancing legal protection to be more victim-centered, as current regulations primarily focus on penalizing perpetrators. There is a need for policies that provide comprehensive protection and justice for female victims of sexual violence.
Evaluation of antioxidant potential of clove extracts
Authors: Shende Sneha
Published: October 2024

The antioxidant activity of steam distilled clove extract and clove oleoresin was assessed using β-carotene–linoleic acid model system, and was found to be 85.51±0.19% and 77.88±0.15%, respectively. DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of steam distilled extract and oleoresin of clove were 88.93±0.23% and 80.84±0.36%, respectively. Eugenol content in steam distilled extract of clove (0.518±0.005mg/ml) was significantly higher than that of clove oleoresin (0.433±0.007mg/ml). Eugenol content was also affected by time period of refluxing. Highest recovery of steam distilled clove extract was obtained by refluxing with 90 % ethanol for 4 hr (0.763±0.007). The steam distilled clove extract was found to possess higher antioxidant activity than the oleoresin.