bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
lsolated acetabular revisions of articular surface replacement (ASR) XL implants with highly porous titanium cups and Delta bearings
Authors: Castagnini Francesco , Mariotti Federica , Tassinari Enrico , Bordini Barbara , Zuccheri Federica , Traina Francesco
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Articular surface replacement (ASR) XL implants exhibit higher-than-expected revision rates, blood ion concentrations and soft tissue lesions, making revisions troublesome and potentially unsatisfying. Appropriate techniques and outcomes in ASR XL revisions are rarely documented. The aims of this study were the assessments of pre-revision data, post-revision clinical and radiographic outcomes and ion levels in isolated acetabular ASR XL revisions performed using highly porous titanium cups and Delta ceramic articulations.

Methods:

18 isolated acetabular ASR XL revisions in 16 patients were performed using Ti-Por cups (Adler Ortho, Milan, Italy) and Delta bearings (CeramTec, Plochingen, Germany). Pre-revision demographic, clinical, radiological and implant-related features were assessed. Clinical and radiographic parameters (cup positioning, osseointegration) after revisions were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Ion concentrations in blood and urine were collected in pre-revision setting and 1 year after revision.

Results:

4 complications occurred in 3 different revisions (16.7%), 1 dislocation, 2 infections, 1 psoas impingement. No re-revision was performed at 5 years (1 scheduled arthroscopy). Good clinical outcomes were achieved (HHS score: 88.3 ± 9.2). All the cups showed reassuring signs of osseointegration (>3 parameters). Blood ion concentrations significantly decreased: patients with Co blood ion concentration over the threshold (7 μg/l) decreased from 76.5% to 0%. No pre-revision or intraoperative data influenced the revision outcomes.

Conclusions:

Highly porous titanium cups and Delta ceramic articulations provided reliable mid-term clinical and radiographic outcomes in isolated acetabular ASR XL revisions. Ion concentrations significantly decreased. Multicentre prospective controlled studies are required to confirm these preliminary outcomes.
Exploring the relationship between linguistic knowledge and strategy use in listening comprehension
Authors: Fung Daniel , Macaro Ernesto
Published: September 2019

The language learner strategies research field has often tried to identify the good language learner (GLL) by distinguishing more proficient from less proficient learners. However the notion of ‘good’ may be problematic without taking into account an individual’s linguistic knowledge (LK). This article foregrounds LK in relation to strategy use in the context of ‘listening to the teacher’: a language use task relatively under-researched. Secondary school students in Hong Kong ( n = 646) completed a questionnaire and tests of LK including vocabulary and grammar. Lower LK learners reported using more translation strategies, whereas those with higher LK reported using a range of additional strategies. A further cluster analysis, however, indicated that a sub-group of lower LK learners were comparably strategic with the higher LK group perhaps compensating for low LK via strategy deployment. This article provides evidence that strategy deployment when listening to the teacher is not wholly constrained by levels of LK. Pedagogical implications are suggested.
An efficient discrete optimization algorithm for performance-based design optimization of steel frames
Authors: Wang Xingfeng , Zhang Qing , Qin Xianrong , Sun Yuantao
Published: September 2019

Performance-based design optimization of steel frames, with element sections selected from standard sections, is a computationally intensive task. In this article, an efficient discrete optimization algorithm is proposed for performance-based design optimization of steel frames. The computational efficiency is improved by searching in a sensible manner, guided by the deformation information of structural elements. To include all standard sections in the design space, the cross-sectional area ( Area) and moment of inertia ( Ix) are selected as the design variables. Based on different relationships between Area and Ix, a twofold strategy is put forward, which includes a quick exploration and an elaborate exploitation. For comparison, a similar algorithm is also proposed, using Area as the only design variable. A fixed relationship between Area and other sectional properties is used. Two numerical examples are presented to minimize the structural weight while satisfying performance constraints. The results indicate that the proposed discrete algorithm can achieve lighter structural designs than the area-only algorithm. Furthermore, the convergence history proves that a high computational efficiency can be realized by using the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of in situ bridge columns with exposed caisson foundations in a gravel stratum under lateral loading
Authors: Chiou Jiunn-Shyang , Tsai Cheng-Chang
Published: September 2019

In this study, three in situ laterally loaded tests on bridge columns with caisson foundations in gravels were numerically explored. The three tests differed in the application position of lateral loads and the exposed length of the foundations. The analysis model used beam–column elements with distributed plastic hinges to simulate the column and a six-component Winkler beam model to simulate the foundation. The lateral stiffness of the foundation with combined moment and horizontal loading and a large exposed length was the smallest. Although the foundations were situated in a gravel stratum, the caisson with a large exposed length underwent significant foundation flexibility and nonlinearity; however, with increasing lateral loading, the influences of foundation flexibility and nonlinearity on the lateral displacement of the columns were reduced because column yielding limited the load transfer to the foundation. The horizontal soil reactions in front of the foundation and the side horizontal shear soil reactions along the caisson shaft provided major resistances to lateral loading (horizontal load and overturning moment). With increasing foundation exposure, the contribution of the base soil reactions increased, but the contribution of the side horizontal soil reactions decreased accordingly. The side vertical shear soil reactions and base normal soil reactions contributed moment resistance to reduce the foundation displacement and rotation and thus promoted the overall lateral capacity of the caisson foundations although they did not provide direct counterbalances to horizontal loads.
The inference-making of elementary emergent multilinguals: Access and opportunities for learning
Authors: Shepard-Carey Leah
Published: September 2019

Inference-making is integral to reading comprehension, defined as information ‘retrieved or generated during reading to fill in information left implicit in a text’. However, there are few studies regarding the inferencing of young emergent multilinguals that account for multilingualism and culture, attend to the learning processes influenced by classroom instruction and interaction, and utilize qualitative methods to explore the multifaceted process of inferencing. This study explores classroom instances in which two second-grade emergent multilinguals encountered difficulties with inference-making, specifically when their first language or background knowledge was not accessed to support inference-making. Framing their difficulties as missed opportunities for learning, this study considers first language integration and multilingual pedagogies as ways to enrich learning. Findings revealed that inference-making was highly contextual, differing from text-to-text. Learners were able to infer in many instances, but difficulties arose when learners desired to articulate their inferences with specific words. Additionally, students encountered difficulties with the content language and background knowledge necessary to access an expository text. Implications of this study include supporting inference-making with students’ first language and culturally sustaining pedagogies in order to provide meaningful opportunities to engage in higher-order thinking surrounding texts.
Approval of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease Control Act in Japan: Comprehensive nationwide approach for prevention, treatment, and patients’ support
Authors: Nakayama Hirofumi , Minematsu Kazuo , Yamaguchi Takenori , Miyamoto Susumu , Isobe Mitsuaki , Komuro Issei , Yazaki Yoshio
Published: September 2019

The Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease Control Act was enacted in Japan in December 2018. This law has become the first ever legislative countermeasure against stroke and cardiovascular disease in Japan. The government shall make a “Basic Plan to Promote Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease Control Programs” with input from a council consisted of stakeholders. In accordance with the government plan, each prefecture shall make a prefectural plan. Both government and prefectural plans will be reviewed at least every six years. A nationwide approach is expected to contribute to reducing the burden of disease and to prolong healthy life expectancy.
Adult learning disabilities
Authors: Aftab Rabia , Anam Abrar
Published: September 2019

People with a learning disability (LD) find it harder to learn certain life skills. The problems experienced vary from person to person, but may include learning new things, communication, managing money, reading, writing and personal care. Evidence indicates that people with LDs have poorer health than people without a LD, and have differences in health status that are, to an extent, avoidable. The health inequalities faced by people with LDs in the UK usually start early in life, and often result from barriers to access of timely, appropriate and effective healthcare. It is, therefore, essential at annual checks to opportunistically screen and holistically manage health inequalities. LD is a priority in the National Health Service’s Long Term Plan. Although a LD (depending upon severity) generally becomes apparent in early childhood, this article focuses on LDs in adults. LD and ‘intellectual disability’ are terms used interchangeably and recognised by the Mental Health Foundation.
Chemical Constituents From Endiandra kingiana (Lauraceae) as Potential Inhibitors for Dengue Type 2 NS2B/NS3 Serine Protease and its Molecular Docking
Authors: Sulaiman Syazreen N. , Hariono Maywan , Salleh Haslinda Mohd , Chong Soon-Lim , Yee Liew Sook , Zahari Azeana , Wahab Habibah A. , Derbré Severine , Awang Khalijah
Published: September 2019

A phytochemical study on the bark of Endiandra kingiana Gamble (Lauraceae) led to the isolation of a new benzofuranone, 4-hydroxy-6-(9,13,17-trimethyldodeca-8,12,16-trienyl)-2(3 H)-benzofuranone (1), together with 6 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray Ionisation mass spectrometry techniques. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate inhibition against dengue virus type 2 NS2B/NS3 protease with percentage inhibitions of 61.23 ± 6.96, 69.92 ± 3.34, and 62.02 ± 6.19, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding mode of all protease inhibitor models and the results revealed that most of the essential amino acid residues such as Asp129, Ser135, Tyr161, Asn152, and His51 significantly interact with the ligands.
Cardiovascular diseases risk factors among adult diabetic patients in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdosh Tekabe , Weldegebreal Fitsum , Teklemariam Zelalem , Mitiku Habtamu
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult diabetic patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital, eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 416 study participants (age ≥18 years) from February to March 2017. Data were collected using: structured questionnaires, measurements of weight, height, and blood pressure, and laboratory examination of blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software packages. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with diabetes type, age, and sex was assessed by chi-square test.

Result

The mean age of study participants was 52 years and 44% were male. Dyslipidemia (90.6%), physical inactivity (76%), and hypertension (62.7%) were the most common cardiovascular disease risks factors identified among diabetic patients. It was also observed that 68.5% of the study participants had uncontrolled blood glucose level. Hypertension was significant in patients over 65 compared to those ≤65 years of age (p < 0.023). Females were considered to be significantly physically inactive compared to males (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor of CVD in individuals with Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification and treatment of lipid abnormalities is very important. Controlling hypertension among older patients and lifestyle modification among female diabetic patients are also recommended.
Factors associated with cerebral edema in children under 5 years of age admitted in an intensive care unit and their outcome
Authors: Islam Shamin , Sarmin Monira , Ahmed Tahmeed , Afroze Farzana , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer
Published: September 2019

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate risk factors and outcome of cerebral edema in children with diarrhea.

Methods:

In this retrospective chart analysis, data of all diarrheal children under 5 years of age having convulsion and admitted in intensive care unit were retrieved from an electronic medical record system of Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2016. Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics was made between children with (cases = 22) and without cerebral edema (controls = 66).

Results:

Cases more often had a fatal outcome than controls (36% vs 8%, p = 0.003). In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, the cases were independently associated with respiratory distress (odds ratio = 5.5, confidence interval = 1.55–19.62, p = 0.008), severe sepsis (odds ratio = 4.6, confidence interval = 1.24–16.77, p = 0.022), and severe malnutrition (odds ratio = 0.16, confidence interval = 0.04–0.74, p = 0.019). A rapid drop (>0.5 mmol/L per hour) in serum sodium did not have any impact on developing cerebral edema (p = 0.090).

Conclusion:

Identification of simple clinical predictors may help in the early treatment of cerebral edema that may further help in reducing deaths in such children especially in resource-poor settings. However, further research with prospective design is needed to consolidate our observation.
Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self‐reported gluten sensitivity
Authors: Tye‐Din Jason A , Skodje Gry I , Sarna Vikas K , Dzuris John L , Russell Amy K , Goel Gautam , Wang Suyue , Goldstein Kaela E , Williams Leslie J , Sollid Ludvig M , Lundin Knut EA , Anderson Robert P
Published: September 2019

Background

Diagnosing coeliac disease (CD) in patients on a gluten‐free diet (GFD) is difficult. Ingesting gluten elevates circulating interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐8 and IL‐10 in CD patients on a GFD.

Objective

We tested whether cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates patients with CD from those with self‐reported gluten sensitivity (SR‐GS).

Methods

Australian patients with CD (n  = 26) and SR‐GS (n  = 18) on a GFD consumed bread (estimated gluten 6 g). Serum at baseline and at 3 and 4 h was tested for IL‐2, IL‐8 and IL‐10. Separately, Norwegian SR‐GS patients (n  = 49) had plasma cytokine assessment at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 h after food bars containing gluten (5.7 g), fructan or placebo in a previous double‐blind crossover study.

Results

Gluten significantly elevated serum IL‐2, IL‐8 and IL‐10 at 3 and 4 h in patients with CD but not SR‐GS. The highest median fold‐change from baseline at 4 h was for IL‐2 (8.06, IQR: 1.52–24.0; P  < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). The two SR‐GS cohorts included only one (1.5%) confirmed IL‐2 responder, and cytokine responses to fructan and placebo were no different to gluten. Overall, cytokine release after gluten was present in 22 (85%) CD participants, but 2 of the 4 non‐responders remained clinically well after 1 y on an unrestricted diet. Hence, cytokine release occurred in 22 (92%) of 24 ‘verified’ CD participants.

Conclusions

Gluten challenge with high‐sensitivity cytokine assessment differentiates CD from SR‐GS in patients on a GFD and identifies patients likely to tolerate gluten reintroduction. Systemic cytokine release indicating early immune activation by gluten in CD individuals cannot be detected in SR‐GS individuals.
ERCP in babies: Low risk of post‐ERCP pancreatitis – results from a multicentre survey
Authors: Goetz Martin , Andersen Philipp , Bergman Jacques , Frei Nicola , Schmidt Arthur , Kähler Georg , Martus Peter , Dechêne Alexander
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is rarely performed in newborns, and the risk of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) has not been defined in this age group. We therefore performed a European multicentre analysis of PEP rates and risk factors in children aged ≤1 year.

Patients and methods

Based on a sample size estimation, 135 consecutive ERCPs in 126 children aged ≤1 year were evaluated from five European centres, and the first ERCP per child analysed. All ERCPs and clinical reports were reviewed manually for PEP and associated risk factors. All ERCPs were performed by endoscopists with high ERCP expertise.

Results

No PEP was observed (0/126, 0.0%, CI 0–2.9%) despite the formal presence of multiple risk factors and despite lack of PEP prophylaxis (except one patient having received a pancreatic duct stent). The PEP rate was significantly lower than the PEP rate expected in adults with similar risk factors.

Conclusions

ERCP in children aged ≤1 year is safe in terms of PEP. The PEP risk is significantly lower in children aged ≤1 year than in adults, therefore no PEP prophylaxis seems to be needed in young children. Risk factors from adults may not apply to children under 1 year. Reluctance to perform diagnostic ERCP in suspected biliary anomalies should not be based on presumed PEP risk.
Examining Emergent Communities and Social Bots Within the Polarized Online Vaccination Debate in Twitter
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyi , Schuchard Ross J. , Crooks Andrew T.
Published: September 2019

Many states in the United States allow a “belief exemption” for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines. People’s opinion on whether or not to take the vaccine can have direct consequences in public health. Social media has been one of the dominant communication channels for people to express their opinions of vaccination. Despite governmental organizations’ efforts of disseminating information of vaccination benefits, anti-vaccine sentiment is still gaining momentum. Studies have shown that bots on social media (i.e., social bots) can influence opinion trends by posting a substantial number of automated messages. The research presented here investigates the communication patterns of anti- and pro-vaccine users and the role of bots in Twitter by studying a retweet network related to MMR vaccine after the 2015 California Disneyland measles outbreak. We first classified the users into anti-vaccination, neutral to vaccination, and pro-vaccination groups using supervised machine learning. We discovered that pro- and anti-vaccine users retweet predominantly from their own opinion group. In addition, our bot analysis discovers that 1.45% of the corpus users were identified as likely bots which produced 4.59% of all tweets within our dataset. We further found that bots display hyper-social tendencies by initiating retweets at higher frequencies with users within the same opinion group. The article concludes that highly clustered anti-vaccine Twitter users make it difficult for health organizations to penetrate and counter opinionated information while social bots may be deepening this trend. We believe that these findings can be useful in developing strategies for health communication of vaccination.
We Care About Different Things: Non-Elite Conceptualizations of Social Media Privacy
Authors: Quinn Kelly , Epstein Dmitry , Moon Brenda
Published: September 2019

This study explores privacy from the perspective of the user. It leverages a “framing in thought” approach to capture how users make sense of privacy in their social media use. It builds on a unique dataset of privacy definitions collected from a representative sample of 608 US social media users. The data are analyzed using topic modeling and semantic network analysis to unpack the multidimensionality of social media privacy. These dimensions are further examined in relation to established demographic antecedents of privacy concerns and behaviors. Results indicate the dominance of frames related to horizontal dimensions of privacy, or privacy vis-à-vis peers, as compared with the vertical dimensions, or privacy vis-à-vis institutions. In addition, the findings suggest that user conceptualization of privacy reflects a cognate-based approach that emphasizes control and limits to information access. Implications for privacy research, policy, and technology design are discussed.
Nurses’ encounters with children as next of kin to parents with a cancer diagnosis on oncology wards
Authors: Holmberg Pär , Nilsson Johanna , Elmqvist Carina , Lindqvist Gunilla
Published: September 2019

It is a challenge for registered nurses (RNs) to meet children and young people who have a parent diagnosed with cancer. These children often suffer from shock, anxiety, outrage, fear and stress. Recent studies indicate that when next of kin have a professional person to talk to, their wellbeing increases. Moreover, when these children are involved in their parent’s care they also begin to trust the nurse caring for their parent. However, there is little known of how nurses respond to a child’s needs. Thus, aim of this study was to describe RNs’ experiences of encounters with children as next of kin to a parent diagnosed with cancer. A qualitative descriptive study based on semi-structured group interviews, with a latent content analysis was carried out. One theme, ‘sense of security’ including three categories ‘balanced meeting’, ‘de-dramatize healthcare’ and ‘learn from one another’ was identified. Beyond the categories, there are six sub-categories: ‘sense of insecurity’, ‘caring approach’, ‘providing information’, ‘participation’, ‘processing and follow-up’ and ‘increased knowledge’. The findings of this study highlight the importance of strengthening the RN's ability to create a caring relationship with children as next of kin.
Trends in multimorbidity, complex multimorbidity and multiple functional limitations in the ageing population of England, 2002–2015
Authors: Singer Leo , Green Mark , Rowe Francisco , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Kulu Hill , Morrissey Karyn
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of three measures of multimorbidity among people aged 50 years or older in England. Beside the basic measure of two or more diseases within a person, we added a measure of three or more affected body systems (complex multimorbidity) and a measure of 10 or more functional limitations. We found that the three health outcomes became more prevalent between 2002 and 2015. They were more common among females than males and were becoming more common among younger age groups. While in 2002, the prevalence of basic multimorbidity overcame 50% from the 70–74 age group upwards, in 2015 it crossed the same threshold in the 65–69 age group. The distribution of multimorbidity and multiple functional limitations were stratified by the amount of household wealth. Multiple functional limitations reflected the largest differences between the most and the least affluent groups (5.9-fold in 2014/2015), followed by the measure of complex multimorbidity (2.8-fold in 2014/2015) and basic multimorbidity (1.9-fold) in 2014/2015.While age acted as a levelling factor for the wealth differences in basic multimorbidity, it had no such effect on the two other outcomes. Our study observed social polarization among multimorbid ageing population in England where complex multimorbidity and multiple functional limitations increase faster and reflect stronger inequality than basic multimorbidity.
Metabolic Strokes in Propionic Acidemia: Transient Hemiplegic Events Without Encephalopathy
Authors: Almuqbil Mohammed , Chinsky Jeffrey M. , Srivastava Siddharth
Published: September 2019

Metabolic strokes are a notable feature associated with acute catabolic crises in patients with propionic acidemia. Despite their importance, these events are not well characterized. Here, we present the clinical history of a patient with propionic acidemia who developed 5 episodes of acute hemiparesis between 3 and 11 years of age. The clinical finding of hemiparesis associated with 4 of these 5 events were shorted lived (2-5 days). Neuroimaging showed signal changes in the basal ganglia manifesting many years following the initial episode. Two of the episodes were accompanied by definite seizures. Based on these factors, the hemiparetic events were most consistent with metabolic strokes, though what is distinctive is that most of the events occurred without evidence of metabolic decompensation; brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were not suggestive in the acute setting. We present a framework for evaluating suspected metabolic stroke in propionic acidemia, in light of the sometimes perplexing clinical heterogeneity underlining these events.
Radiation-induced kidney injury
Authors: Kala Jaya
Published: September 2019

Renal dysfunction because of radiation exposure was recognized decades ago. The incidence declined when more effective chemotherapeutic agents became available. However, there appears to be a resurgence with the advent of total body irradiation used prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Several chemotherapeutic drugs used prior to total body irradiation have some ionizing radiation potentiating effects. Chronic kidney disease that occurs after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is known to occur due to nephrotoxicity from medications, graft-versus-host disease, and the currently under-recognized radiation exposure. The clinical features vary depending on the dose of radiation and the volume of single or bilateral kidneys exposed. The usual symptoms of fatigue, edema, anemia, malignant hypertension, azotemia, and shortness of breath appear in 6–12 months of exposure. Since this is an under-recognized entity, there are no large controlled trials to guide therapy. This review highlights some of the experimental data that have shown some promising results for treatment. There is need for further studies on the current incidence and prevalence and clinical trials to guide treatment, based on the experimental data available.
Understanding volume and correlations of automated walk count: Predictors for necessary, optional, and social activities in Dilworth Park
Authors: Lee Jae Min
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we explore the potential use of automated pedestrian walk count data in urban design research. The Center City District (CCD) research group used computer vision to collect automated pedestrian walk data from Dilworth Park, Philadelphia. By comparing the count data and participant observations of social activities in the park, we found that the frequencies of social activities in the park could be predicted by the pedestrian count when considering the outdoor thermal comfort index and the types of events taking place in Dilworth Park. By examining correlations among multiple sensors, we found that the entry–exit correlation is a useful indicator to assess how people use public space by estimating the ratio of necessary-to-optional activities.
Household-level dynamics in residential location choice modelling with a latent auction method
Authors: Hawkins Jason , Weiss Adam , Habib Khandker Nurul
Published: September 2019

A longstanding deficiency in the modelling of residential location choices is the common assumption of a single household decision-maker. This paper contributes to a growing literature on methods to capture intra-household dynamics in this decision process. A latent auction approach is employed to estimate a residential location choice model for the Greater Toronto Area. The present work extends the consideration of individual utility factors beyond simple commute time, to include frequency of automobile use, transit use, and the cost of parking at the destination. Results suggest a weakening differential between male and female roles in the residential location choice, as multi-worker households are increasing in response to increasing costs of living. The strength of the latent auction model is confirmed as a means of linking bid-rent with observed market prices. Several conclusions are drawn out of the model results, including a pattern of larger households preferring the larger and cheaper houses characteristic of suburban areas of the Greater Toronto Area.
Do dipole sonic logs measure group or phase velocity (revisited)?
Authors: Horne Stephen , Coates Richard T. , Bolshakov Alexei
Published: September 2019

We have revisited the debate about whether flexural waves from dipole sonic tools and standard processing algorithms measure group or phase velocities in anisotropic formations. We observe that much of the confusion arises from a failure to understand the different meanings of group and phase velocities. Using a transversely isotropic medium with a vertical axis of symmetry that exhibits a triplication in its S-wave group slowness surface, we generate synthetic flexural sonic waveforms corresponding to boreholes at angles of 0°–90° with respect to the anisotropy symmetry axis in 1° increments. We processed these synthetic data using standard time- and frequency-domain semblance methods. The results conclusively demonstrate that dipole sonic logs measure the group slowness for the group angle corresponding to the angle between the borehole and the anisotropic symmetry axis. In addition, data that we have evaluated suggest that current tool geometries and semblance processing may not always be sensitive enough to resolve all branches of the group slowness triplication surface.
The nimble node — Million-channel land recording systems have arrived
Authors: Manning Ted , Ablyazina Dinara , Quigley John
Published: September 2019

A new nodal land acquisition system is being developed with successful field tests in both cold- and hot-weather settings and is being compared against several existing industry acquisition systems. This nodal system differs from others in that it has been designed to deliver affordable high-quality seismic data with the lightest, smallest, and lowest-cost seismic channel system in the industry by significant margins. There are three main drivers for this innovation. First, it will significantly improve data quality by reducing the current cost barriers to acquiring high-density seismic surveys (i.e., full sampling in space, azimuth, and offset). Second, it will reduce the environmental footprint of land operations (less line clearance required). Third, it will improve the safety of land operations (fewer people and vehicles required per channel). All three have been achieved by dramatically reducing both the capital expenditure to build a one-million-channel highly portable recording system and the operational expenditure needed to operate such a system in the field.
The Fluidity of Gender and Implications for the Biology of Inclusion for Transgender and Intersex Athletes
Authors: Harper Joanna , Lima Giscard , Kolliari-Turner Alexander , Malinsky Fernanda Rossell , Wang Guan , Martinez-Patino Maria Jose , Angadi Siddhartha S. , Papadopoulou Theodora , Pigozzi Fabio , Seal Leighton , Barrett James , Pitsiladis Yannis P.
Published: September 2019

One of the most contentious issues in modern day sport arises when sports are divided into male and female categories. The International Association of Athletics Federations’ (IAAF) previous policy regulating intersex athletes was suspended by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), resulting in a new policy. The challenge faced by the governing body of athletics is to formulate a policy that upholds both international law and the Olympic charter that stipulates athletes compete without discrimination of any kind. Implementation of the policy has been delayed until after a verdict, expected no later than March 26, 2019, in the Semenya versus IAAF trial in the Court of Arbitration for Sport. If the policy is enacted, it will restrict athletes from competing in the female athletics category with specific differences of sex development (DSD) in races from 400 m up to the mile in international level competitions unless they lower their natural testosterone (T) levels below 5 nmol·L−1. To thoroughly assess this new IAAF policy, one needs to appreciate its legal, sociological, and scientific underpinnings but also the history of previous policies attempting to define precisely how athletes should be divided into male and female categories. We previously proposed a system to deal with gender variant athletes that relied on a determination of an “athlete/athletic gender.” The concept of “athlete gender” was presented to multiple audiences, and the resulting survey is included. A large majority of participants (71% of 153) who answered the survey agreed with the idea of an athlete gender. This position also was accompanied by the request for more studies (20% of those who agreed) and concern over the process of hormone monitoring (32% of those who agreed) to avoid doping misuse. The primary argument of those participating in the survey that disagreed with the position (23% of 153) was that biological differences between males and females remained even after the transition (47% of opposing comments). Mixed gender/sex competitions provide unique opportunities for athletes to compete against one another outside of the traditional male/female divide and pave the way for a more flexible approach for dealing with gender variant athletes.
Use of the TRH Stimulation Test to Assess Long Term Changes of Thyroid Function in an Olympic Athlete
Authors: Brown Jeffrey S. , Austin Krista G. , Givens Melissa , Lewis F. Carl
Published: September 2019

This case report presents the utility of the thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test for assessing endocrine disease in athletes. On two occasions, 4 years apart (1992 and 1996), a TRH stimulation test was performed to corroborate clinical symptoms and observation. On the first occasion, the patient’s symptoms were not attributed to thyroid disease. He was treated for a sinus infection with amoxicillin/clavulanate 500 mg three times per day for 1 wk. On the second occasion, thyroid disease was confirmed and treatment with 100-μg l-thyroxine was initiated. Baseline screening and TRH stimulation testing were used at both assessment time points. Baseline screen for TSH was 2.2 and 1.2 uUI·mL−1 and stimulated TSH was at 15.2 uUI·mL−1 at 30 min and 30.6 uUI·mL−1 at 45 min for the first (1992) and second (1996) assessment, respectively. Patient was positive on the second visit for antithyroglobulin antibodies at 70 IU·mL−1 (normal, 0-59 IU·mL−1). Three months postdiagnosis, TSH was 0.66 uIU·mL−1 and the patient was asymptomatic. At the most recent visit, 20 years and 4 months later, no symptomology was reported and TSH was 0.55 uIU·mL−1 A greater understanding of the interaction between stress and end organ function is warranted in occupations undergoing unique stressors.
Increasing Wellness Through Physical Activity in Children With Chronic Disease and Disability
Authors: Coleman Nailah , Nemeth Blaise A. , LeBlanc Claire M.A.
Published: September 2019

Children with chronic medical conditions face many challenges when considering sport participation. Compared with their healthy counterparts, they are often discouraged from physical activity or sports participation because of real or perceived limitations imposed by their condition. Prescribed exercise should be based on the demands of the sport, the effect of the disease on performance, and the potential for exercise-induced acute or chronic worsening of the illness or disability. This article will focus on several examples of chronic medical conditions and the clinician’s role in providing advice about sport participation.
The Performance Effects of Microdose Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Administration and Carbon Monoxide Rebreathing
Authors: Sutehall Shaun , Martin-Rincon Marcos , Wang Guan , Shurlock Jonathan , Durussel Jérôme , Mooses Martin , Wang Jun , Pitsiladis Yannis P.
Published: September 2019

Frequent, low doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) have been shown to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of an athlete and enhance endurance performance, although its effect on repeated sprint ability (RSA) remains unknown. If the mechanisms behind improved RSA performance reside within the augmented O2 carrying capacity, then carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation should inhibit RSA. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects on maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and RSA of two interventions known to differentially influence blood oxygen carrying capacity. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained individuals were administered microdoses of rHuEpo (20–40 IU·kg−1) or placebo twice per week for 7 wk using a randomized, crossover design. V˙O2max and RSA were measured at baseline and after rHuEpo administration. Total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) was measured twice at baseline (14 and 7 d before the first injection), three times during rHuEpo administration (10, 24, and 38 d after the first rHuEpo injection) and twice after the cessation of rHuEpo administration (7 and 21 d after the final injection) using the optimized CO rebreathing method. V˙O2max and RSA also were assessed in a separate cohort of 11
Use of Blood Flow Restriction Training for Postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Wilkinson Brandon G. , Donnenwerth Jesse J. , Peterson Andrew R.
Published: September 2019

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is commonly used to induce muscle hypertrophy and strength and is gaining popularity as a modality for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions and postoperative rehabilitation. This article reviews the current literature on BFR as a rehabilitative tool, identifies gaps in the literature, and reports the authors experience using BFR in the postoperative environment.
Transgender Policy in Sport, A Review of Current Policy and Commentary of the Challenges of Policy Creation
Authors: Ingram Benjamin James , Thomas Connie Lynn
Published: September 2019

This review starts with a brief history of sex policy in sport followed by an exploration of the current state of transgender sport policies. Transgender in sport, from the high school to the professional level, is a frequent news topic. Fairness in women's athletics is at the center of transgender sport policy deliberations and public debate. Despite a long history of policy attempts and revisions, the female category in sport is not precisely and universally established, complicating transgender athlete policy development. Scientific evidence is scant on fairness for transgender athletes. For a variety of social factors, many transgender athletes do not have a positive experience in sports and the younger is the athlete the more challenging it becomes to create inclusive rules. Challenges remain in making competition rules fair, but inclusive, so that transgender athletes participate in sport. The medical and scientific community will continue to provide key input.
Relação entre demanda judicial e força de trabalho nas Justiças Estaduais no Brasil
Authors: Gomes Adalmir de Oliveira , Buta Bernardo Oliveira , Nunes Rafael Rabelo
Published: September 2019

A grande quantidade de processos peticionados – demanda judicial – e a incapacidade de resposta adequada a essa demanda é um dos principais problemas do Judiciário brasileiro e de boa parte dos judiciários de outros países. Embora os tribunais brasileiros tenham conseguido aumentar a capacidade produtiva nos últimos anos, a demanda crescente acaba gerando uma sensação de ineficiência e resultando no que ficou conhecido como "congestionamento dos tribunais". Diversos fatores estão relacionados ao congestionamento, e o presente estudo busca testar um desses fatores: a força de trabalho. O objetivo é descrever a relação entre a taxa de congestionamento de tribunais e a força de trabalho disponível. Os dados foram coletados na base Justiça em Números (CNJ), e referem-se à primeira instância das justiças estaduais no período de 2009 a 2016. Para analisar os dados, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e correlação linear. Os resultados do estudo apontam que a taxa de congestionamento está correlacionada positivamente com a força de trabalho absoluta nas justiças. No entanto, a correlação passa a ser negativa quando considerada a força de trabalho proporcional ao total de habitantes. Isso indica que a política de alocação de pessoal nas justiças estaduais brasileiras está desalinhada com a demanda judicial.
Quanto mais simples melhor: gestão em um restaurante vegetariano
Authors: Fraga Aline Mendonça , Prestes Vanessa Amaral , Gemelli Catia Eli
Published: September 2019

O caso ilustra uma situação real que enfatiza a relação entre o estilo de vida de Ravi, proprietário de um pequeno restaurante vegetariano na cidade de Porto Alegre, e o modelo de gestão adotado no seu negócio. O acirramento na concorrência com o crescimento da oferta de restaurantes com culinária vegetariana e vegana trouxe novos desafios para a gestão do Manjari. O aumento na rotatividade e a escassez de novos profissionais instigam Ravi a pensar em novas estratégias de gestão de pessoas. Ele deseja aprimorar o seu negócio para clientes e colaboradores, mas sem perder a simplicidade.
Todo mundo #NU: uso de data science em serviços
Authors: De Moraes Thiago Assunção , Valdevino Antonio Messias , Pellizzoni Lívia Nogueira
Published: September 2019

O caso é uma narrativa com enredo fictício, baseado em fatos reais, extraídos das redes sociais, do processo para se tornar cliente Nubank. São apresentados dois personagens que contextualizam a análise de perfil para se tornar #NU; apresentam-se as motivações de Velez, fundador do Nubank, para criar a empresa, caracteriza-se a empresa e apontam-se os processos de uso de data science, análise de big data e como o uso de dados pode contribuir para o gerenciamento de um negócio.
Johnnie Walker: sempre em frente
Authors: Dos Santos Levy Henrique Barbosa , Matos Beatriz Gondim
Published: September 2019

A marca Johnnie Walker enfrentou dificuldades ao longo de 150 anos de existência. A partir da década de 1990, uma inesperada perda de market share afetou a história de ascensão da marca. O segmento de uísque foi perdendo espaço para outras bebidas, como vinho, champanhe, vodca e bebidas prontas, como a Smirnoff Ice. Os jovens enxergavam o uísque como “a bebida de seus pais”. A ideia de que beber uísque trazia status tinha envelhecido junto com a história. O caso se propõe a apresentar as estratégias de revitalização da marca adotadas pela organização.
Escolas em rede
Authors: Pacheco Julia von Maltzan
Published: September 2019

Estudantes, ex-alunos, professores e empresas ganham com a uniãode esforços entre faculdades de administração líderes no mundo.
O lado político das marcas
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Marcas fazem escolhas próprias de envolvimento político para construir uma identidade contemporânea e engajar consumidores nas redes sociais.
Integridade nos micro e pequenos negócios
Authors: Mustafa Andrea , Pagotto Leopoldo , Betiol Luciana Stocco
Published: September 2019

As empresas de menor porte também vêm sendo afetadas pelo cerco à corrupção e precisam customizar programas de compliance para sobreviver daqui por diante.
O dilema dos carrinhos e bandejas não devolvidos
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: September 2019

Largar as bandejas nas mesas das praças de alimentação não estimula a geração de empregos e sim sobrecarrega os funcionários que as recolhem.
Como disseminar a linguagem dos dados
Authors: Becker João Luiz , Diniz Eduardo Henrique
Published: September 2019

Todos podem aprender as habilidades de ler, escrever e compreenderdados, desde que se mudem os paradigmas de ensino de data literacy.O aprendizado centrado no participante e na prática quotidiana ajuda a valorizar as ferramentas analíticas de baixo para cima, em um processo de “aprender fazendo”.
Novos direitos
Authors: Gomes Maria Cecília Oliveira
Published: September 2019

A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais traz aspectos inéditos que afetam a gestão das empresas. Confira quais são e como cumpri-los.
As falhas das políticas de inovação
Authors: Silva Glessia , Di Serio Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2019

Os programas brasileiros de inovação não demonstram aderência às necessidades dos pequenos negócios e do desenvolvimento econômico e social local do país.
Brasília, Buenos Aires, ou Caracas?
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: September 2019

Três cenários são determinantes para o futuro do Brasil: enxugar, desidratar ou liofilizar a reforma da previdência.
Scavenger: A pipeline for recovery of unaligned reads utilising similarity with aligned reads
Authors: Yang Andrian , Tang Joshua Y. S. , Troup Michael , Ho Joshua W. K.
Published: September 2019

Read alignment is an important step in RNA-seq analysis as the result of alignment forms the basis for downstream analyses. However, recent studies have shown that published alignment tools have variable mapping sensitivity and do not necessarily align all the reads which should have been aligned, a problem we termed as the false-negative non-alignment problem. Here we present Scavenger, a python-based bioinformatics pipeline for recovering unaligned reads using a novel mechanism in which a putative alignment location is discovered based on sequence similarity between aligned and unaligned reads. We showed that Scavenger could recover unaligned reads in a range of simulated and real RNA-seq datasets, including single-cell RNA-seq data. We found that recovered reads tend to contain more genetic variants with respect to the reference genome compared to previously aligned reads, indicating that divergence between personal and reference genomes plays a role in the false-negative non-alignment problem. Even when the number of recovered reads is relatively small compared to the total number of reads, the addition of these recovered reads can impact downstream analyses, especially in terms of estimating the expression and differential expression of lowly expressed genes, such as pseudogenes.
¿Cuál es el costo fiscal de la dualidad en el sistema pensional colombiano?
Authors: Calixto Rodríguez Luis Carlos
Published: September 2019

El sistema pensional colombiano ha cambiado su funcionamiento mediante la implementación de las leyes 100/1993 y 797/2003, lo cual permitió la dualidad de esquemas entre el de prima media y el de capitalización individual. Dichas leyes no tuvieron el comportamiento de la variable fundamental del ingreso base de liquidación. Este trabajo estima el ingreso base de liquidación recomendado para no generar impacto fiscal y los impactos fiscales de mantener dualidad en el sistema pensional colombiano.