bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OsRPT5A: A Key Regulator of Enhanced Immune Responses in Rice Through Loss-of-Function Mutation
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Wenjun , Liao Xinwei , Xu Xia , Yang Shihua , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhou Hai , Zhuang Chuxiong , Gong Junyi , Wu Jian-li
Published: April 2024

Our study explores the genetic mechanisms underlying the spotted leaf phenotype in rice, focusing on the rpt5a mutant characterized by persistent reddish-brown leaf spots from seedling stage to maturity, leading to extensive leaf necrosis. Through map-based cloning, we localized the responsible locus to a 330Kb region on chromosome 2 and identified LOC_Os02g56000 (named OsRPT5A) as the causative gene. A point mutation in OsRPT5A, substituting valine for glutamic acid, was identified as the critical factor for the phenotype. Functional complementation and generation of knockout lines in the IR64 background confirmed the central role of OsRPT5A in controlling this trait. Our study also revealed that OsRPT5A is constitutively expressed across various tissues, with its subcellular localization unaffected by mutations. Notably, we observed an abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rpt5a mutants, suggesting a disruption in the ROS system. Complementation studies indicated OsRPT5A's involvement in ROS homeostasis and catalase activity regulation. Moreover, the rpt5a mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), highlighting OsRPT5A's role in rice's pathogen resistance mechanisms. These findings elucidate the genetic basis of the spotted leaf phenotype and emphasize the intricate interplay between plant defense responses and developmental pathways.
Mixed Mosaic Virus Infection and Its Impact on Photosynthetic Gene Expression in Sugarcane Fields in Indonesia
Authors: Neliana Intan Ria , Sugiharto Bambang , Soleha Wardatus , Suherman Suherman , Darsono Nurmalasari , Harmoko Rikno , Sawitri Widhi Dyah
Published: April 2024

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) are the primary viruses responsible for mosaic diseases in sugarcane. In this study, the mosaic viruses SCMV and SCSMV with the involvement of sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) were surveyed from eight commercial sugarcane cultivars grown in fields at four locations in East Java, Indonesia. Sugarcane leaves with mosaic symptoms were assessed for disease incidence and severity, and symptomatic leaves were collected for analysis. The incidence and severity of mosaic symptoms were the highest in the PS881 and NX04 cultivars grown in Kediri compared to the other cultivars. RT-PCR analysis showed that SCSMV was present in all sugarcane cultivars and locations. Interestingly, double mixed infections with SCMV were found in PS881, PS882, and Cening, whereas triple mixed infections with SrMV were found in the PS881 cultivar. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SCSMV, SCMV, and SrMV together with isolates from Thailand (KP987832.1), Florida, USA (MT725538.1), and Agentina (EU189037.1). The expression of ascorbate peroxidase gene (Apx) was increased in the virus-infected sugarcane cultivars and prominently elevated in the triple mixed infection of PS881 cultivars. However, the catalase gene (Cat) was slightly upregulated in the mixed infection group. The chlorophyll content was significantly reduced in the leaves of PS58, PS881, PS882, NX04, and HW Merah, in parallel with the expression of the photosystem I gene (PsaA). The expression of photosynthetic genes, such as ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase small sub-unit (RbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Pepc), sucrose-phosphate synthase (Sps1), and PsaA, was significantly reduced and almost depleted in the triple mixed infection of PS881, except for Pepc expression, which remained approximately half of that in the control healthy sugarcane. The decrease in photosynthetic activity was confirmed by the decrease in ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and PEPC proteins, as detected by immunoblot analysis. The decrease in photosynthetic parameters indicated that the mosaic viral infection substantially reduced the growth and yield of sugarcane.
Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Bangunan Gereja Masehi Injili Timor Pasca Bencana Seroja di Kabupaten Sabu Raijua
Authors: Lily Budhi Benyamin , Lapenangga Apridus Kefas , Malelak Stella
Published: April 2024

Sabu Raijua Regency consists of Sabu Island and Raijua Island which are in East Nusa Tenggara. This area was also affected by the Seroja disaster that occurred in April 2021. Many buildings collapsed, including several church buildings which spread across the island due to the strong winds. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative in an inductive approach by explaining the pattern of damage and repair plans for church buildings due to the Seroja tropical cyclone disaster in the Sabu Raijua district and formulating guidelines for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The purpose of this research is to formulate guidelines for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of church buildings after the Seroja tropical cyclone disaster so that people in carrying out development activities no longer rely on makeshift understanding and technology but need to consider technical requirements. The results of this research are in the form of recommendations set forth in this guideline for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of church buildings on the island of Sabu.
Penggunaan Material Mycelium dalam Perancangan Kembali Microlibrary Warak Kayu
Authors: Fonna Farhah Amira , Irsyad Diva Iryanti , Adriansyah Kaylila Fathia , Qonitah Labitta , Koerniawan Mochamad Donny
Published: April 2024

Mycelium composites are emerging as a new sustainable. Mycelium is a fungi that is produced from the remains organisms and can be used as a natural adhesive to unite and grow in a biomass. By responding to a critical evaluation of SHAU Indonesia's Warak Kayu Microlibrary, this paper aims to explore and develop bio-design in the use of mycelium as a sustainable alternative to architectural elements. In this paper, agricultural waste such as coffee grounds and wood will be used as substrates in the formation of mycelium composites. . The method used in this research  is descriptive qualitative methods with data collection derived from literature studies and followed by data analysis. From this paper, it is found that mycelium can be used as an architectural element in the form of facade panels that pay attention to audial comfort by utilizing agricultural waste as nutrients for mycelium to be processed into a material.
Kajian Taman Abhirama Sidoarjo Berdasarkan Elemen Desain Aktif
Authors: Nisa Gita Khoirin , Soemardiono Bambang , Defiana Ima
Published: April 2024

Urban parks are integral components of Green Open Spaces (GOS) with a significant impact on community well-being. This study integrates urban parks with an active design approach to promote physical activity. The research aims to identify active design elements within Abhirama Park, located in Sidoarjo Regency. The choice of active design is based on previous research demonstrating its potential to encourage greater community engagement. The results of this identification and analysis can serve as a reference for future developments of Abhirama Park, with the goal of creating Green Open Spaces that stimulate physical activity in an era characterized by sedentary lifestyles driven by digital advancements. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, involving naturalistic exploration and in-depth examination of the subject. Active design guidelines are used as a framework during the observation and interview processes. The findings reveal the presence of four active design aspects in Abhirama Park: Accessibility, Facilities, Activities, and Management. Each aspect plays a distinct role in promoting physical activity within the urban context.
Hablar sin palabras: un gran avance de las prótesis neurocognitivas
Authors: Pinales Jiménez Mauricio Adrián
Published: April 2024

Hoy en día, con tantas personas sufriendo algún problema de salud que les impide realizar su vida diaria con comodidad, algo tan básico como la comunicación verbal puede mejorarse significativamente con los avances tecnológicos de nuestra sociedad en la época actual, es fácil imaginar el uso de estos para la solución de problemas tan impactantes. Esto fue posible en la Universidad de Duke, donde, con el uso de una prótesis diseñada, se permite la creación de una voz con base en las señales cerebrales de los pacientes.
Día Internacional de la Ingeniería Biomédica
Authors: Gómez Flores Víctor
Published: April 2024

El 05 de diciembre es reconocido como el Día Internacional de la Ingeniería Biomédica, pero ¿qué es esta disciplina?, ¿por qué se estudia? o ¿por qué es atractiva?
Orígenes cósmicos: moléculas vitales para la vida descubiertas en hielos estelares
Authors: Irigoyen Chaparro Victor Alfonso
Published: April 2024

Se ha realizado un descubrimiento impactante, ya que científicos identificaron moléculas cruciales para la formación de la vida en hielos análogos interestelares. Estos hielos son sustancias utilizadas en experimentos de laboratorio para simular las condiciones encontradas en el espacio interestelar, especialmente en regiones donde se forman estrellas y planetas, como su nombre indica, estas sustancias son a menudo hielos fríos y densos, ya que, en el espacio interestelar, las temperaturas son extremadamente bajas y, los elementos y compuestos químicos pueden existir en estados sólidos formando hielos que contienen diversas moléculas, como agua, dióxido de carbono, amoníaco y otros compuestos orgánicos. Esto nos muestra los procesos químicos que pueden haber contribuido a la creación de compuestos esenciales en el vasto cosmos.
Explorando la genética: cromosoma XI sintético de levadura
Authors: Colin Cárdenas Angelica Montserrath
Published: April 2024

Un grupo de investigadores explora los secretos del cromosoma XI de levadura sintética. Este cromosoma, creado en el laboratorio con precisión milimétrica, se ha convertido en un banco de pruebas esencial. No solo representa un gran logro técnico, sino también un terreno de pruebas crucial para entender la dinámica del ADN circular extracromosómico (no es parte del material genético principal, pero puede influir en algunas cosas), arrojando luz sobre las complejidades del crecimiento celular.
De la ciencia a la resiliencia: el camino hacia una cura definitiva del VIH-1
Authors: Gutiérrez Tapia Jaqueline , Chávez Espino Daniela Alejandra
Published: April 2024

El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) es una enfermedad crónica, la cual se mantiene en el cuerpo durante la terapia antirretroviral (TAR). El TAR es un tratamiento que utiliza distintos medicamentos para combatir los virus, de manera más específica, los retrovirus; en este caso, el VIH. Este tratamiento actúa en las células T CD4, las cuales regulan la actividad de las otras células inmunitarias en el cuerpo humano, estas son el principal objetivo del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.
Voces desde la prisión: pérdida de la libertad y estereotipos de género
Authors: González Rentería Anett Giselle
Published: April 2024

Los estereotipos de género son expectativas culturales que influyen en cómo las personas deben comportarse en función de su género, moldeando roles, responsabilidades y conductas. Un estudio realizado por dos investigadoras del Colegio del Estado de Hidalgo examinó cómo estos estereotipos afectan la percepción de la privación de la libertad en hombres y mujeres, así como su relación con las condiciones en las que viven en prisión.
Rompiendo barreras: políticas públicamente conductuales para erradicar la violencia de género
Authors: Pinales Jiménez Mauricio Adrián
Published: April 2024

Como no es novedad, la violencia de género es un problema de escala global que puede necesitar enfoques nuevos para realizar un abordaje más certero. Como se describe en un reciente artículo, se presenta la introducción de una perspectiva conductual en la formulación política, de esta manera se puede tener un papel en la toma de decisiones individuales y así mismo, desarrollar su racionalidad para enfocarla en una dirección positiva que busque el bien y el desarrollo benigno de la sociedad y por ende, explorar las políticas públicas conductuales para desempeñar un papel crucial en la lucha contra la violencia de género, donde dichas estrategias llegan a cambiar la manera en que se comprende y enfrenta la realidad social.
Evolución Económica en Ciudad Juárez a Partir de la Fundación de la UACJ: Antecedentes, Influencia, y Perspectivas
Authors: Vázquez Guzmán David
Published: April 2024

Haciendo un recuento de antecedentes históricos en la formación de la UACJ, y del cambio sustantivo que tuvo la ciudad que la alberga al pasar de una comunidad semiurbana, a un escenario industrial netamente urbano, se establece que el dinamismo único de la región requiere de una consideración multidimensional de desarrollo económico. En materia económica y regional, la UACJ ha tenido contribuciones sustantivas en materia de análisis del empleo e industria, derechos de la mujer, contaminación, violencia social, desarrollo institucional, temáticas regionales de eficiencia, y consideración de grupos vulnerables en los últimos 50 años. Con cerca de 40 mil miembros de la comunidad universitaria, la UACJ se encuentra ante el reto de influir de manera más decisiva en la construcción de los programas de política pública y social de su entorno.
Protección de los derechos humanos y políticas públicas dirigidas a las personas repatriadas en Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Breceda Pérez Jorge Antonio
Published: April 2024

La repatriación es un fenómeno global que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Ciudad Juárez se ha convertido en un importante punto de tránsito para muchos repatriados mexicanos. El respeto y la protección de sus derechos humanos en este proceso es vital. Este artículo revisa el contexto en el que ocurre la repatriación en Ciudad Juárez, los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los repatriados y el impacto más amplio de estos eventos en la sociedad mexicana.
INNONATIVE MANAGEMENT VECTORS
Authors: Ponomaryov Olexandr
Published: April 2024

It is shown that management is not just one of the integral components of the joint activity of people, but also a determining condition for its successful implementation and ensuring the desired efficiency. It is known that the development of management ideology and technology usually lags behind production technologies. This applies to both local and global aspects of management. Therefore, today, in the conditions of an innovative type of social development, the development and systematic application of innovative management technologies becomes an important problem.
Research and publications on the problems of determining innovative management vectors are analyzed. They are far from exhausting all its important aspects. It is about social, economic, organizational and psychological conditions and possibilities of ensuring both the innovative nature of the management itself and its compliance with the requirements of Industry 4.0. The meaning and features of innovative management and its implementation in the practice of managerial activity are also insufficiently disclosed.
According to the results of a systematic study of a wide range of management problems and the analysis of literary sources on these problems, the goals of the article are to distinguish the meaning of the concepts of innovation, efficiency, and compliance of the content and nature of management with social requirements and expectations of its transition to level 4.0
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Vorobieva Yevheniia
Published: April 2024

The article highlights the peculiarities of developing time management skills for modern professionals. It is also analyzed that success in educational activities depends on successful time planning by students. The basic concepts on which the use of time planning technologies is based are defined. The article contains the author's own interpretation of the directions of development of time management skills in higher education students in the process of professional training.
TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS` CRITICAL THINKING IN ART LESSONS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors: Glinchenko Inessa
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the development of critical thinking among modern students has been determined. The definition of “critical thinking” by well-known researchers is considered, the purpose and tasks, development tools, and conditions for creating an environment for the development of critical thinking are defined. The practical methods of developing critical thinking, which are used in the lessons of musical literacy and practical music making, are substantiated. The question of the formation of critical thinking of students of general secondary education institutions by interactive methods (game, intellectual, artistic association, theatricalization, practical-artistic, socially significant activity, information, activation of independent work, reflection) and with the participation of information technology was studied.
The Efforts of Indonesian Government In Increasing Teacher Quality Based On PISA Result In 2022: A Literature Review
Authors: Solihin Riza Ramadhani , Susanto Teguh Trianung Djoko , Fauziyah Eka Puji , Yanti Nur Vita Irma , Ramadhania Andita Putri
Published: April 2024

The result of PISA for Indonesia in 2022 in literacy field, placed in 59 from 81 countries with the score 359, in numeration field, placed in 67 from 81 countries with the score 366, and for science field took placed in 65 with the score 383. Thus result are increasing, however is not good enough. Therefore, this research trying to depict the government efforts to increasing teacher quality in line with education as the implementation of national goals which is enrich the life of a nation. The task of enrich the life of a nation is not only imposed on teachers, but also on stakeholders through policies that have an impact on education. The result of this paper, with literature review as the research methodology, revealed that the government programme through teacher sharing (guru berbagi), teacher learns (guru belajar), Internet quota in pandemics, and the school operational fund indirectly affect the teacher quality and the increasing of PISA SCORE.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Media Tanam Budidaya Tanaman Anggur sebagai Konsep Urban Farming
Authors: Putra Heristama , Kristianto Ryan , Andrian David , Hutabarat Daniel Gentario , Kristin Elisabeth Yolanda
Published: April 2024

The population of the city of Surabaya currently reaches approximately three million people, which makes the density level increase from year to year. The need for residential housing is the main factor in reducing open land in the city of Surabaya. Most of the land that becomes residential or housing is managed by housing developers (developers) who continue to clear land for the development process to cater to urbanites. Urban farming activities can increase residents' enthusiasm for farming in urban environments and for food needs, in this case the cultivation of horticultural crops. The problem that the residents want to solve is cultivating grapes, so media will also be created in the form of facilities and infrastructure so that grape cultivation can grow and develop well until it produces fruit in good condition. The implementation method used is the verticulture method. In this method, activity stages are carried out starting from preparation, socialization, training, mentoring and evaluation. So that the results of cultivating grapes can be sold by residents as additional cash for the RT. Apart from that, residents can also use it themselves for consumption together. The main point of the activity is that residents can learn how to plant from seeding to fertilization of grapes, considering the nature of grapes which grow by vines.
 
Abstrak
Penduduk kota Surabaya saat ini mencapai kurang lebih tiga juta jiwa yang membuat tingkat kepadatan dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan akan hunian tempat tinggal menjadi faktor utama berkurangnya lahan terbuka di kota Surabaya. Sebagian besar lahan yang menjadi pemukiman ataupun perumahan dikelola oleh pengembang perumahan (developer) yang terus melakukan pembukaan lahan untuk proses pembangunan guna memenuhi para kaum urban. Kegiatan urban farming dapat meningkatkan semangat warga dalam hal bercocok tanam di lingkungan perkotaan dan akan kebutuhan pangan dalam hal ini adalah budidaya tanaman hortikultura. Masalah yang ingin diselesaikan bersama warga yakni melakukan budidaya tanaman anggur, maka akan dibuatkan juga media berupa sarana dan prasarana agar tanaman budidaya anggur ini dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik hingga menghasilkan buah dengan kondisi yang baik pula. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan yakni metode vertikultur. Pada metode ini dilaksanakan tahap kegiatan mulai dari persiapan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Sehingga dari hasil budidaya tanaman anggur tersebut dapat dijual oleh warga sebagai tambahan uang kas bagi RT. Selain itu juga dapat dimanfaatkan sendiri oleh warga untuk dikonsumsi bersama. Pokok utama kegiatan yaitu warga dapat belajar cara menanam sejak mulai dari pembibitan hingga pembuahan dari tanaman anggur, mengingat sifat tanaman anggur yang tumbuh secara merambat.
Enhancing Accounting Use in MSMEs through Experience, Knowledge, and Education
Authors: Marita Tya Ayu , Nurasik Nurasik
Published: April 2024

This study examines the influence of length of business, accounting knowledge, and level of education on the use of accounting information in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Ponti Sidoarjo. Using a descriptive quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis on data collected from 50 respondents through questionnaires, the research finds that the length of business significantly affects the use of accounting information, indicating longer-established businesses are more likely to utilize it effectively. Additionally, accounting knowledge and level of education positively influence the use of accounting information in these MSMEs. The findings highlight the importance of considering these factors collectively in enhancing accounting practices and decision-making in Ponti Sidoarjo's MSME sector, offering insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions and educational programs for economic growth and sustainability.
Highlight:

Length of Business: Experience significantly influences accounting information use in MSMEs.
Accounting Knowledge: Expertise enhances effective use of accounting information in MSMEs.
Education Level: Higher education positively impacts accounting information utilization in MSMEs.

Keywords: Length of Business, Accounting Knowledge, Education Level, Accounting Information, MSMEs
Cuaderno (etno)gráfico
Authors: Velame João Vítor
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this essay is to present and reflect on the creation of an «(ethno)graphic notebook» based on a master's research on the uses and meanings attributed to instruments with wheels (handcarts, loading carts, refrigerator carts, warehouse carts, supermarket carts, etc.), in and around a public market (Velame, 2023) in João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. Between 2021 and 2023, drawings, photo collages and paintings were produced, forming a visual ethnography of the «carrinhos» present in the lives of various social actors. This essay reflects on the creative, imaginative and data organization processes in the construction of this drawn (ethno)graphy, exploring a visual perspective on the wheelbarrows and their narratives. The work is enriched by methodological techniques, standing out for the «critical and dense description» (Tsing, 2019; Geertz, 2015), adopting an ethnographic approach focused on the «art of seeing, art of being, art of writing» (Winkin, 1998).
Digital images generated by Artificial Intelligence as ethnographic experimentation
Authors: Helanski Cardoso Juliane Cristina
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the role of images produced by artificial intelligence (AI) in visual anthropology,  highlighting their ability to represent identity and  experience. It also addresses the technical and  ethical challenges of AI data classification and its  interaction with socio-technical networks, questioning technological neutrality. Technical implications include  data categorization that can perpetuate biases and  power relations. The simplification and distortion of representations by AI is highlighted, requiring a critical  analysis of the stories embedded in the categorizations. It is proposed that anthropologists examine the relationship between image, label, and referent, recognizing differences and similarities in their roles and those of AI labelers in knowledge production. In addition, it discusses how AI images can influence anthropological interpretation and analysis by blending reality and emotion. It is argued that a critical engagement with the ethical and technical implications of the generation and use of these images is necessary.
Periodismo en tiempos de posverdad y desinformación.
Authors: Espinoza Guanilo Antonio Hector
Published: April 2024

Frente a la revolución digital y de las comunicaciones el periodismo ha llegado a nuevas plataformas en internet donde muchas veces busca reinventarse para hacer frente al nuevo ecosistema informativo. Ante este escenario, esta investigación busca conocer cómo se desarrolla el trabajo del periodista, a través de internet, en contraste con uno de los grandes problemas de nuestro tiempo: la posverdad y la desinformación. Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, se entrevistó a 20 periodistas de dos de los más importantes medios de comunicación del Perú: El Comercio y RPP. Se pudo conocer que la ética y los valores del periodismo están más vigentes que nunca hoy en día para hacer frente al nuevo ecosistema de la información online y sus amenazas. A pesar de los esfuerzos por parte de los periodistas, la velocidad y variedad de contenidos en internet, así como las distintas fuentes de donde proviene, suponen un riesgo al momento de informar e informarse que no se debe pasar por alto.
Relaciones entre las actitudes personales, las percepciones externas y las capacidades sobre la intención emprendedora universitaria
Authors: Niño-Amézquita Daniela , Gutiérrez-Ayala Jhancarlos , Blanco-Mesa Fabio
Published: April 2024

La intención emprendedora (IE) en el entorno académico es un tema de investigación que cobra relevancia dentro del campo del espíritu empresarial, debido al potencial emprendedor identificado entre los estudiantes universitarios. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los determinantes intención emprendedora universitaria (IEU) en Colombia. Para esto, se consideran las 33 universidades de Colombia que participan en el proyecto Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Student’s Survey (GUESSS). Usando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM), se integran elementos de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP) como las actitudes (AC), normas subjetivas (NS) y el control conductual percibido (CCP) para predecir los aspectos que anteceden al comportamiento emprendedor. Dentro de los resultados se tiene que para este caso los factores como NS y CCP tienen una relación positiva con respecto a la IEU, mientras que las AC no presentan significancia, esto debido a aspectos cognitivos complejos que pueden ser influidos por otros elementos, como el entorno social. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones teóricas acerca de la integración de la TCP en la IEU e implicaciones prácticas para el fomento de la IEU hacia los universitarios colombianos.
Polyacrylic acid-polyvinylpyrrolidone complex for achieving hemostasis after hemodialysis: study protocol for an open-label crossover randomized controlled trial (PAA-PVP study)
Authors: Terashima Ryohei , Tanaka Mototsugu , Hashimoto Atsushi , Omori Daiki , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyazawa Haruna , Ishizawa Masahiro , Tomita Yoshihiko , Ito Tomoko , Koyama Yoshiyuki , Saito Kokichi , Yamamoto Suguru , Goto Shin , Narita Ichiei
Published: April 2024

Background
Achieving rapid and secure hemostasis of the vascular access point is important for patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We developed a polyacrylic acid-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAA-PVP) complex that absorbs moisture such as blood or sterilizing solution, forms a hydrogel, and adheres to the body’s surface, thereby exerting a powerful hemostatic effect. This study aims to compare the effect of PAA-PVP complex versus a conventional non-woven fabric pad on hemostasis at the needle puncture vascular access site in patients on HD.
Methods
This open-label crossover randomized controlled trial will include 50 participants who undergo thrice-weekly HD. Participants in whom hemostasis requires more than 10 min by compression using a conventional pad or who have a severe skin problem at the needle puncture vascular access site will be excluded from the study. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the PAA-PVP complex or conventional pads. Three consecutive weekly hemostatic tests will be performed at 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, and 1 min. The study will employ an individual 3 + 3 design in which participants in whom hemostasis is achieved in all three sessions in a week will be challenged to a shorter time in the three sessions of the next week. Those in whom hemostasis is achieved in two of three sessions will be tested at the same time point in the three sessions of the next week. The study treatment will be terminated if hemostasis is achieved in only one or none of the sessions, and the minimum time with three consecutive successes will be recorded as the hemostasis time. The primary endpoint, the hemostasis time on the arterial side of the vascular access, will be analyzed using mixed-effect models for repeated measures and include the hemostatic technique and group, period, and individual effects as covariates.
Discussion
The study will provide evidence on whether the PAA-PVP complex reduces hemostasis time of the vascular access compared to conventional pad in patients on HD.
Trial registration
jRCTs032220597 (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials; registered on January 30, 2023, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs032220597)
Assessing the Impact of Modified Intermittent Fasting and Daily Calorie Restriction on Appetite, Food Cravings, and Eating Habits of Overweight and Obese Women Aged 18 to 50 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Esmaili Helia , Hooshiar Saeedeh Hosseini , Yazdani Akram , Jafarnejad Sadegh
Published: April 2024

Background
An imbalance in appetite and eating behavior, accompanied by heightened food cravings, disrupts the equilibrium between energy intake and energy expenditure, leading to the development of obesity and overweight conditions. There are different dietary strategies to control obesity complications, yet their effects on food behaviors remain an understudied aspect of these interventions. One such intervention gaining increasing attention is intermittent fasting, particularly modified intermittent fasting.
Methods
This research constitutes a randomized controlled parallel-group trial aimed at comparing the impact of a modified intermittent fasting diet and a daily calorie restriction diet on various factors including appetite, food cravings, eating behavior, and anthropometric indices in women who are classified as either overweight or obese. The study will span a duration of 8 weeks. A total of fifty-four eligible participants will be carefully matched based on their age and BMI, and subsequently allocated to either the "modified intermittent fasting" group or the "daily calorie restriction" group. The primary outcomes include the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for appetite, the Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), BMI, and Fat-Free Mass (FFM). As secondary outcomes, the study will also explore changes in waist circumference and body fat mass.
Discussion
This study investigates the effects of an 8-week intermittent fasting intervention compared to a daily calorie restriction approach on appetite, food cravings, and eating behavior. By obtaining this information, we seek to enhance our understanding of the intermittent fasting diet and its potential effects in these domains.
Trial registration:
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20220522054958N2. Registered on 30 May 2022. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/63737.
Prognostic factors associated with acute retinal necrosis treated non-surgically
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Wei Haihui , Xu Wenjing , Jiang Hai , Jin Siyan
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To analyze the prognostic factors for visual acuity in acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN) patients treated non-surgically.
Methods
The clinical data of ARN patients who visited our hospital from January 2010 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Twenty-four patients (29 eyes) were included. Aqueous humor samples were collected from 20 out of 29 eyes, and PCR confirmed that 85% (17/20) of the eyes had VZV infection, 10% (2/20) had CMV infection, and 5% (1/20) had HSV infection. All patients were treated with intravenous antiviral agents. Intravitreal ganciclovir and oral corticosteroids were given according to the patients’ wishes. A comparison of visual acuity at the last follow-up with that at the first visit revealed that 16 (55.2%) eyes improved and 13 (44.8%) did not improve. Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for failure to improve vision after treatment included retinal detachment, necrotizing retinitis involving the posterior pole, and arteritis involving the large retinal arteries. The VZV viral load in the aqueous humor at initial presentation was significantly associated with visual prognosis (P = 0.013), retinal detachment (P = 0.019) and the extent of retinal necrosis(P = 0.03). The NLR of VZV-infected patients at first presentation was significantly correlated with the prognosis of visual acuity (P = 0.033) and retinal detachment (P = 0.003).
Conclusions
At initial presentation, a high NLR and high viral DNA copy number in the aqueous humor were risk factors for poor visual acuity in VZV-infected ARN patients.
Patient-reported Therapeutic Benefits of Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Gynecological Ailments
Authors: Drebka Alexandra , Scholl Annika J. , Ochs Teresa , Kelber Olaf , Mösges Ralph , Raskopf Esther , Shah-Hosseini Kija , Bachmeier Beatrice E.
Published: April 2024

Background: Gynaecological ailments have a negative impact on quality of life and productivity. Standard treatment is associated with poor tolerability and other issues related to public health and environment. Herbal Medicines (HMs) are used traditionally for the treatment of menstrual and menopausal ailments as well as uncomplicated urinary tract infections for centuries and constitute an excellent addition to current treatment options. HMs are well tolerated, non-polluting and therapeutically efficacious as evidenced by various clinical studies. Aim of this study was to expand the evidence regarding therapeutic efficacy of HMs for the treatment of gynaecological complaints by complementing knowledge from clinical studies with real world evidence from patient reported outcomes.
Methods: We applied descriptive statistical methods and analyzed a data sample taken from the pharmaco-epidemiological database PhytoVIS regarding frequency and percentage.
Thereafter we evaluated the therapeutic benefit of herbal medicines (HMs) in gynaecological complaints as well as side effects.
Results: More than 80% of the patients in the sample assessed the overall therapeutic benefit of HMs for the treatment of gynaecological complaints as very positive. Over 90% of the patients using HMs perceived no or no significant side effects. Treatment habits differed depending on the type of complaint. In this context the majority of women with menstrual or menopausal ailments preferred to treat for time period of 1 month or longer, while those affected by uncomplicated urinary tract infections reduced the application of HMs to the length of their symptoms. Interestingly women with even strong symptoms relied on the therapeutic benefit of HMs.
Conclusion: Real-world outcome data are an important supplement to clinical data. Our results reveal the excellent benefit-risk ratio of HMs and help to implement them into novel therapeutic strategies to treat gynaecological complaints.
Circadian control of a sex-specific behaviour in Drosophila
Authors: Franco Diana , Riva Sabrina , Ceriani Maria , Risau-Gusman Sebastián
Published: April 2024

An endogenous circadian clock controls many of the behavioral traits of Drosophila melanogaster. This ¨clock¨ relies on the activity of interconnected clusters of neurons that harbor the clock machinery. The hierarchy among clusters involved in the control of rest-activity cycles has been extensively studied. Sexually dimorphic behaviors, on the other hand, have received less attention. Even though egg-laying, a female characteristic behavior, has been shown to be rhythmic, it remains largely unexplored possibly due to metholodological constraints. The current study provides the first steps towards determining the neural substrates underlying the circadian control of egg-laying. We show that, whereas the lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) and the dorsal neurons (DNs) are dispensable, the lateral dorsal neurons (LNds) are necessary for rhythmic egg-laying. Systematically probing the Drosophila connectome for contacts between circadian clusters and oviposition-related neurons, we found no evidence of direct connections between LNvs or DNs and neurons recruited during oviposition. Conversely, we did find bidirectional connections between Cryptochrome (Cry) expressing LNd (Cry+ LNds) and oviposition related neurons. Taken together, these results reveal that cry positive LNd neurons have a leading role in the control of the egg-laying rhythm in Drosophila females.
Molecular and Functional Profiling of Gαi as an Intracellular pH Sensor
Authors: Campbell Sharon , Prakash Ajit , Li Zijian , Chirasani Venkat , Rasquinha Juhi , Valentin Natalie , Hubbard Garrett , Yin Guowei , Dohlman Henrik
Published: April 2024

Heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα, Gβ and Gγ) act downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate signaling pathways that regulate various physiological processes and human disease conditions. Previously, human Gαi and its yeast homolog Gpa1 have been reported to function as intracellular pH sensors, yet the pH sensing capabilities of Gαi and the underlying mechanism remain to be established. Herein, we identify a pH sensing network within Gαi, and evaluate the consequences of pH modulation on the structure and stability of the G-protein. We find that changes over the physiological pH range significantly alter the structure and stability of Gαi-GDP, with the protein undergoing a disorder-to-order transition as the pH is raised from 6.8 to 7.5. Further, we find that modulation of intracellular pH in HEK293 cells regulates Gαi-Gβγ release. Identification of key residues in the pH-sensing network allowed the generation of low pH mimetics that attenuate Gαi-Gβγ release. Our findings, taken together, indicate that pH-dependent structural changes in Gαi alter the agonist-mediated Gβγ dissociation necessary for proper signaling.
Modi-2, a vaccine stimulating CD4 mediated responses to homocitrullinated self-epitopes, as a therapy for solid cancers
Authors: Durrant Lindy , Al-Omari Abdullah , Cook Katherine , Symonds Peter , Skinner Anne , Zhu Yaling , Coble Vincent , Mohammed Omar , Choudhury Ruhul , Uddin Nazim , Ranglani Priscilla , Parry Adrian , Adams Sally , Lynn Geoffrey , Brentville Victoria
Published: April 2024

Stresses within the tumour microenvironment can mediate post-translational modifications (PTM) of self-proteins. Homocitrullination is the conversion of lysine residues to homocitrulline which can generate neoepitopes and bypass self-tolerance. In this study a vaccine targeting homocitrullinated peptide antigens was assessed for its ability to stimulate anti-tumour immunity. Peptides that bind HLA are often hydrophobic which can lead to complications with large scale manufacture and solubility that must be considered in the design of vaccines. Here we demonstrate the use of a self-assembling nanoparticle technology (SNAPvaxTM) to co-deliver four homocitrullinated peptides and adjuvant in nanoparticles of a precise size and composition as a vaccine (“Modi-2”) that is optimized for manufacturing ease and T cell induction. The vaccine stimulated strong Th1 cell responses and anti-tumour immunity in mouse tumour models with 40% overall survival against B16 melanoma (p=0.0113), 100% survival against CT26 colorectal cancer (p<0.0001) and 70% survival against 4T1 breast cancer (p=0.0090). We demonstrate that human lung, colorectal, breast and prostate tumours express the antigens that are targets of the Modi-2 vaccine. We therefore propose the Modi-2 vaccine utilizing homocitrullinated peptides and SNAPvax has potential for translation into clinic in several cancer indications.
Cost-effectiveness of PARP inhibitors for maintenance therapy of patients with a BRCA mutation and primary epithelial ovarian cancer in China
Authors: Yang Haoran , Zhao Qian , Yang Yunzhi , Lv Qianzhou , Li Xiaoyu
Published: April 2024

Background
Maintenance therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) plays a crucial role in managing primary epithelial ovarian cancer (OC), especially in patients with a BRCA mutation. However, there is a lack of economic evaluation comparing various PARPis.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of fuzuloparib compared to routine surveillance, olaparib, niraparib, and olaparib plus bevacizumab for maintenance therapy of patients with a BRCA mutation and primary epithelial OC in China.
Method
A cost-effectiveness model was constructed in Microsoft Excel®, predominantly based on the data derived from FZOCUS-1, SOLO-1, PRIME, and PAOLA-1 trials. The proportion of disease-free patients alongside the 24-month model horizon was estimated by parameterizing the reconstructed patient-level data, which was digitized from the publicly available Kaplan-Meier progression-free survival (PFS) estimators. Unit costs for both health resource utilization and adverse event (AE) management were systematically sourced from peer-reviewed literature and authoritative official websites. An annual discount rate of 5% was used for both costs and PFS-life years (PFS-LY). Sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed to explore the parameter uncertainties.
Results
The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were ¥1,130,845/PFS-LY, ¥602,152/PFS-LY, ¥855,688/PFS-LY, and ¥1,176,300/PFS-LY for fuzuloparib, olaparib, niraparib, and olaparib plus bevacizumab respectively. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) confirms the robustness of these findings to parameter uncertainty.
Conclusion
From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, olaparib emerges as the most cost-effective option for maintenance therapy of patients with a BRCA mutation and primary epithelial OC, followed by niraparib, then fuzuloparib, while olaparib plus bevacizumab ranks as the least cost-effective.
Bile liquid biopsy is a useful modality for molecular diagnosis of cancerous tumors in pancreatic head lesions
Authors: Ando Mika , Ito Shin , Aoki Shuichi , Zhang Jie , Hirano Naohiro , Kashiwagi Ryosuke , Murakami Keigo , Yoshimachi Shingo , Sato Hideaki , Kusaka Akiko , Iseki Masahiro , Inoue Koetsu , Mizuma Masamichi , Nakagawa Kei , Yasuda Jun , Unno Michiaki
Published: April 2024

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood is a less-invasive tool to reveal genomic profiles in pancreatic and bile tract cancers (PC and BTC); however, its utility is limited owing to its small amount and fragmentation of DNA for integrated sequences. This study evaluated the quality of in bile juice to clarify the potential of genome profiling for precision treatment. We collected data from 13 patients with pancreatic-biliary tumors invading the bile duct and subsequently underwent surgical resection: 7 cholangiocarcinomas, 1 gallbladder carcinoma, 3 ampullary carcinomas, 1 pancreatic cancer, and 1 intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. Whole-exome sequencing-based extracted DNA from resected samples revealed pathogenic alterations of TP53, ABCA8, BRCA2, FGFR2, APC, SMAD4 and NRAS. Of the 13 patients, nine pairs of cfDNA from bile and plasma were analyzed. Bile contained more (and longer fragments) cfDNAs compared with plasma. The most representative alterations in TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and NRAS were detected in bile cfDNA. Thus, bile cfDNA indicated better quality and quantity for sequence analysis and reflected tumor-derived genetic variation. Bile cfDNA is a useful tool for liquid biopsy in genomic profiling and precision medicine.
Thermal and morphometric correlates of the extremely low rate of energy use in a wild frugivorous primate, the Mayotte lemur
Authors: Simmen Bruno , Quintard Benoit , Lefaux Brice , Tarnaud Laurent , Correa-Pimpao Guillaume , Ibanez Romane , Blanc Stéphane , Zahariev Alexandre
Published: April 2024

Primates spend on average half as much energy as other placental mammals while expressing a wide range of lifestyles. However, little is known about how primates adapt their rate of energy use in the context of natural environmental variations, particularly at the individual level. Moreover, measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) in wild primates are currently available for only seven species. Using doubly labelled water, behavioral and accelerometric methods, we show that the TEE of Eulemur fulvus, a medium-sized cathemeral primate with a fruit-based diet, is one of the lowest recorded to date in eutherians. Regression models show that individual variation in the rate of energy use is predicted by a few morphometric characteristics and climatic factors. The TEE increases considerably with increasing temperature, suggesting that thermoregulation is an important component of the energy budget. The mass-specific TEE measured in an anthropogenic environment is only 10% lower than that of a closely related species previously studied in a gallery forest, consistent with the assertion that TEE varies within narrow physiological limits. As lemur communities include many species with unique thermoregulatory adaptations, circadian or seasonal temperature variations may have constituted a major selective pressure on the evolution of lemur metabolic strategy.