bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insatisfacción corporal y calidad de vida : contribución a la ocurrencia de conductas alimentarias anómalas en administrativos hospitalarios.
Authors: Bernardino Coronado Luis Javier , Alvarez Rayón Georgina , Bautista Díaz María Leticia , Ortega Luyando Mayaro , Mancilla Díaz Juan Manuel , Amaya Hernández Adriana
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar la capacidad predictiva de variables como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la imagen corporal, el afecto positivo y negativo, las actitudes hacia la gente obesa y la calidad de vida (CV) sobre las conductas alimentarias anómalas del personal administrativo del sector salud en la Ciudad de México, además de conocer las diferencias entre los sexos y del IMC en las variables de estudio. En total, participaron 181 trabajadores administrativos, divididos según su IMC (normo peso, sobrepeso, obesidad), que completaron una hoja de datos generales y cuestionarios de autor reporte. En general, se encontró que la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal, aunada a la percepción de vitalidad y bienestar físico, podría explicar en parte la presencia del comportamiento alimentario anómalo, el cual favorece a la ganancia excesiva de peso corporal. Adicionalmente, se observaron diferencias significativas entre los sexos en el afecto positivo, además de diferencias entre el grupo con obesidad y el grupo normo peso en insatisfacción corporal, afecto negativo, funcionamiento físico, rol físico y funcionamiento social.
Urine organic acids may be useful biomarkers for metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults
Authors: Haam Ji-Hee , Lee Yun Kyong , Suh Eunkyung , Choi Sang-Woon , Chun Hyejin , Kim Young-Sang
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are defined clinically, those with MetS may have various derangements in metabolic pathways. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the traits of urine organic acid metabolites indicating the metabolic intermediates of the pathways in the subjects with MetS.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 246 men and 283 women in a hospital health check-up setting. Urine organic acid metabolites were assayed via high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. A high level of each metabolite was defined as the fifth quintile of the distribution.

Results

The subjects with MetS had high levels of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate (odds ratios from 1.915 to 2.809 in logistic models adjusted for age and sex). Among the metabolites, pyruvate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate were not independent of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Several metabolites were associated with one or more components of MetS and HOMA2-IR.

Conclusions

Urine organic acid metabolites in MetS are characterized in altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. MetS shared some traits in insulin resistance. These findings may promote the understanding of the pathophysiology of MetS.
Change and Continuity in White House Staffing: The Trump Factor
Authors: Dickinson Matthew J. , Reinmuth Kate
Published: July 2021

Early assessments of Trump’s White House portrayed an organization riven by personality disputes and administrative chaos. But in many ways, Trump’s White House staff descriptively bears a strong resemblance to its predecessors, as we demonstrate by drawing on more than 50 years of data on presidential staff composition. In terms of size, structure, and the distributions of functions, the Trump White House represents not a break with the past so much as its continuation. Trump’s staffing patterns departed from precedent more in the areas of staff turnover and recruitment; however, it is not clear just how significant those changes are.
Angry about Fraud: How Congress Took up Trump’s Claims of Fraud
Authors: Brown Heath , Cormack Lindsey
Published: July 2021

Talk of fraud dominated President Donald J. Trump’s campaign and time in office. In this article, we explore whether members of Congress followed Trump’s lead in discussing all types of fraud, including electoral fraud as well as fraud, waste, and abuse. Using a unique dataset of the universe of congressional electronic newsletters from 2010 to 2021, we show that Republicans wrote to constituents about fraud much more than Democrats, especially about electoral fraud after Trump’s election, but it was Democrats who used angrier rhetoric to discuss fraud, a check on the President and many of the false claims about voter fraud in 2016 and 2020. These findings show an important aspect of the inter-party and inter-branch dynamics at play during Trump’s presidency; once keen to focus on fraud, waste and abuse in government congressional Republican attention shifted once the head of the executive branch was a co-partisan to parroting the claims of electoral and voter fraud made by the President.
“In the Mold of Justice Scalia”: The Contours & Consequences of the Trump Judiciary
Authors: Hollis-Brusky Amanda , Parry Celia
Published: July 2021

This article reviews the causes, contours and potential consequences of President Donald J. Trump’s 234 appointments to the federal judiciary. The causes will be familiar to political scientists who are fond of reminding people that “elections have consequences” and that the “Supreme Court [and by extension entire federal judiciary] follows the election returns.” The contours of the Trump Judiciary are congruent with Trump’s campaign promise to appoint judges “in the mold of Justice Scalia,” the conservative legal icon who died suddenly in February 2016. We show how Trump and Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell made good on this promise with the help of the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, appointing ideologically conservative, young, and mostly male and white judges to lifetime appointments on the federal bench. In laying out the potential consequences of Trump’s remaking of the federal judiciary, we outline three areas where these judges are likely to make an impact on law and politics in the coming decades: rolling back liberal and progressive victories in the culture wars, likely in more subtle ways that align with Alison Gash’s concept of “below-the-radar” legal change; extending the federal deregulation campaign that began in earnest with the Reagan Administration; and issuing rulings in the areas of voting rights, campaign finance, and redistricting that tip the scales of democracy in favor of Republican electoral outcomes.
COVID-19 transmission: a positive perspective
Authors: Sakarde Apurva , Takhelmayum Roshan , Garg Seema , Kushwaha Arvind S
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To understand the dynamics of infectivity of COVID-19 and allay the fear and anxiety associated with it in healthcare workers and the society.

Case presentation

Three individuals accompanied their pediatric patients in the COVID ward but did not develop infection. Information about their knowledge and perspective about the disease and the protective measures undertaken by them during their stay in the hospital was gathered by administering a questionnaire 14 days after discharge.

Conclusions

It was observed that use of proper precautionary measures like wearing a mask and regular hand sanitization helped in prevention from COVID-19 infection even after having close contact with confirmed cases. Such facts/observation will help in sensitizing the public about COVID-19 and eliminate panic in the society.
Social-Contractarian Money
Authors: Hockett Robert
Published: July 2021

State capacity, stable currencies, and well functioning financial systems seem to be ‘package deals’ – one cannot have one without having all. I show that the intimate functional links among states, monies, and financial systems, ubiquitous across history and geography as they are, are not accidental. I do so by analytically ‘deriving’ first law and the polity, then money and finance, from a temporally extended implicit covenant that is both grounded in and facilitative of ongoing joint agency among persons. This lends to state and money alike their shared normative and, once formally systematized, legal character. I indicate throughout how this shared genesis, function, and normative character keep state, money, and ultimately finance practically ‘joined at the hip’, and manifest how polity and economy, indeed our very political and productive selves, are thus joined as well. To recognize and to ‘own’ this, I conclude, is not only to see that ‘the public’ must take a far more explicit role in finance, but also in a sense finally to own our own selves.
The relation between cigarette smoking with delivery outcomes. An evaluation of a database of more than nine million deliveries
Authors: Feferkorn Ido , Badeghiesh Ahmad , Baghlaf Haitham , Dahan Michael H.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Smoking in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption and perinatal death. The association between smoking and other delivery outcomes, such as chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), however, is insufficient as only few studies addressed these issues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between prenatal smoking and delivery outcomes in a large database, while controlling for confounding effects.

Methods

A retrospective population-based study using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP‐NIS). A dataset of all deliveries between 2004 and 2014 (inclusively) was created. Our control group included all pregnant women who did not smoke during pregnancy, which was compared to pregnant women who smoked. A multivariate logistic analysis was conducted, adjusting for any statistically significant confounding effects.

Results

Our study identified 9,096,788 births between 2004 and 2014. Of which, 443,590 (4.8%) had a documented diagnosis of smoking. A significantly higher risk was found for PTB (odds ratio 1.39, CI 1.35–1.43), preterm premature rupture of membranes (odds ratio 1.52, CI 1.43–1.62) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (odds ratio 2.27, CI 2.19–2.35). The risks of preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.82, CI 0.78–0.85), chorioamnionitis (odds ratio 0.88, CI 0.83–0.4), PPH (odds ratio 0.94 CI 0.9–0.98) and operative vaginal delivery (odds ratio 0.9, CI 0.87–0.94) were lower among smokers.

Conclusions

This large database confirms the findings of previous smaller studies, according to which smoking decreases the risk of preeclampsia while increasing the risk of PTB and SGA neonates. The current study also revealed a decreased risk for PPH as well as for chorioamnionitis among pregnant smokers.
New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
Authors: Zilhão João
Published: July 2021

Funerary usage of Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão began at the onset of the Neolithic and continued until Early Medieval times. At Cisterna, the thin Holocene deposit was unstratified; at Caldeirão, the stratigraphic sequence underwent post-depositional disturbance. Using radiocarbon dating, typological considerations, spatial distribution patterns, and physical anthropological data, these palimpsests can be disentangled to a significant extent. At both sites, the earliest depositions fall in the c. 5250–5500 cal BC interval and are associated with large numbers of beads. Wares extensively decorated with shell and comb impressions are likely to belong in this phase. Another style of decoration – shell impressions forming bands below the rim and garlands between prehension knobs – probably dates to a slightly later time. Burial continued at both sites through the c. 5000–5250 cal BC time range, but which decorative styles were then in fashion remains difficult to ascertain; it is likely that the irregular arrangements of shell impressions seen in some Cisterna vessels are among them. At Caldeirão, non-Cardial impressed and incised wares date to c. 4500–5000 cal BC, while undecorated wares are associated with human bone samples demonstrating two different periods of burial during the c. 3500–4000 cal BC interval. Most if not all of the nine Cardial individuals directly dated at the two sites died coevally with the more recent of the Mesolithic interments found in the shell-midden sites of the Tagus estuary.
Numerical analysis of free convection from a spinning cone with variable wall temperature and pressure work effect using MD-BSQLM
Authors: Makanda Gilbert , Magagula Vusi Mpendulo , Sibanda Precious , Motsa Sandile Sydney
Published: August 2021

The problem of the numerical analysis of natural convection from a spinning cone with variable wall temperature, viscous dissipation and pressure work effect is studied. The numerical method used is based on the spectral analysis. The method used to solve the system of partial differential equations is the multi-domain bivariate spectral quasi-linearization method (MD-BSQLM). The numerical method is compared with other methods in the literature, and the results show that the MD-BSQLM is robust and accurate. The method is also stable for large parameters. The numerical errors do not deteriorate with increasing iterations for different values of all parameters. The numerical error size is of the order of

1

0

−
10

1{0}^{-10}

. With the increase in the suction parameter

ξ

\xi

, fluid velocity, spin velocity and temperature profiles decrease.
Load forecasting of refrigerated display cabinet based on CEEMD–IPSO–LSTM combined model
Authors: Pei Yuan , Zhenglin Lei , Qinghui Zeng , Yixiao Wu , Yanli Lu , Chaolong Hu
Published: August 2021

The load of the showcase is a nonlinear and unstable time series data, and the traditional forecasting method is not applicable. Deep learning algorithms are introduced to predict the load of the showcase. Based on the CEEMD–IPSO–LSTM combination algorithm, this paper builds a refrigerated display cabinet load forecasting model. Compared with the forecast results of other models, it finally proves that the CEEMD–IPSO–LSTM model has the highest load forecasting accuracy, and the model’s determination coefficient is 0.9105, which is obviously excellent. Compared with other models, the model constructed in this paper can predict the load of showcases, which can provide a reference for energy saving and consumption reduction of display cabinet.
Scaling law for velocity of domino toppling motion in curved paths
Authors: Song Guangkai , Guo Xiaolin , Sun Bohua
Published: August 2021

The arranged paths of dominoes have many shapes. The scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling has been extensively investigated. However, in all previous investigations the scaling law for the velocity of domino toppling motion in curved lines was not taken into account. In this study, the finite-element analysis (FEA) program ABAQUS was used to discuss the scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling motion in curved lines. It is shown that the domino propagation speed has a rising trend with increasing domino spacing in a straight line. It is also found that domino propagation speed is linearly proportional to the square root of domino separation. This research proved that the scaling law for the speed of domino toppling motion given by Sun [Scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling. AIP Adv. 2020;10(9):095124] is true. Moreover, the shape of domino arrangement paths has no influence on the scaling law for the propagation speed of dominoes, but can affect the coefficient of the scaling law for the velocity. Therefore, the amendatory function for the propagation speed of dominoes in curved lines was formulated by the FEA data. On one hand, the fitted amendatory function,φrevise{\varphi }_{{\rm{revise}}}, provides the simple method for a domino player to quickly estimate the propagation speed of dominoes in curved lines; on the other hand, it is the rationale for the study of the domino effect.
The aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
Authors: Sadighara Parisa , Ghanati Kiandokht
Published: July 2021

Backgrounds

One of the common consumed snacks among Iranian is nuts. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the rate of peanut contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in different provinces of the Iran.

Materials and methods

The research studies with keywords “aflatoxin B1”, “peanut”, “peanut butter”, “peanut oil”, “coated peanut”, “roasted peanut”, “snack peanut” were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and scientific information databases (SID), regardless of publication time. A total of 43 studies were obtained and only six articles were finally selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) were also calculated to evaluate the oral exposure of AfB1 through peanuts and peanut-based products.

Results

The contamination of AFB1 in peanut was high in Mashhad and Tehran compared with the other cities. The value of MOE was calculated less than 10,000. The results of MOE indicate that there are chances of the risk of developing cancer and these products may not be safe. Therefore, AFB1 levels should be measured regularly in peanut products in large cities.
Superior On-Ice Performance After Short-Interval vs. Long-Interval Training in Well-Trained Adolescent Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Haugen Ole Christian , Dæhlin Torstein E.
Published: August 2021

Rønnestad, BR, Haugen, OC, and Dæhlin, TE. Superior on-ice performance after short-interval vs long-interval training in well-trained adolescent ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S76–S80, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 9 weeks with 3 weekly sessions of short intervals (SIs) against long intervals (LIs) on endurance performance in well-trained adolescent ice hockey players. Eighteen male adolescent ice hockey players volunteered to participate and were randomly allocated to perform SIs (n = 9; 3 series with 13 × 30 seconds work intervals) or LIs (n = 7; 4 series of 5 minutes work intervals). Subjects completed a skating multistage aerobic test (SMAT), maximal oxygen consumption, maximal power output, and maximal isokinetic knee-extensor strength tests before and after the intervention, and changes in performance were assessed using analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). Short intervals improved SMAT performance more from pretest to post-test than LIs (13.9 ± 8.1% vs. 3.7 ± 5.2%, respectively; p = 0.030, effect size [ES] = 1.48). No significant differences were observed between SIs and LIs in change of maximal oxygen uptake (SI: 3.8 ± 6.1% vs. LI: −0.4 ± 10.2%; p = 0.30) or 60 seconds maximal power output (SI: 1.0 ± 4.9% vs. LI: −3.7 ± 4.1%; p = 0.053). However, ESs were moderate (ES = 0.55) and large (ES = 1.07), respectively, in favor of SI for these dependent variables. There were no changes in isokinetic knee-extension strength (p > 0.05). The present SI protocol induced superior improvements in on-ice endurance performance compared with the LI protocol. Practitioners seeking to improve ice hockey players' on-ice endurance performance should consider including SI in their conditioning protocol.
How Does Physical Exercise Affect Academic Performance? The Mediating Role of Non-Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Li Wenye , Yao Jijun , Zhou Shike
Published: August 2021

Previous studies have found that good physical exercise can promote academic performance, but the underlying mechanism behind this lacks large-scale empirical data. Based on this, we used the 2020 Jiangsu Province academic quality monitoring data to construct an OLS regression. Then, the non-cognitive abilities variable was built with the NEO-FFI Theory, and the mediation effect diagram was drawn through the Amos22.0 software. The study found that: (i) Physical exercise brought academic improvement to elementary and middle school students. (ii) The influence mechanism of physical exercise was different between elementary school and middle school. Students at the elementary school were directly and indirectly affected. (iii) In non-cognitive specific dimensions, openness played a significant and great mediating role.
Comparative study of fly ash/sugarcane fiber reinforced polymer composites properties
Authors: Jayamani Elammaran , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Benhur Deshan Anselam , Bakri Muhammad Khusairy Bin , Kakar Akshay , Khan Afrasyab
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses mechanical, morphological, infrared spectral, and thermal properties of fly ash/sugarcane fiber reinforced epoxy polymer composites. Samples were prepared with and without the addition of 2 wt% of fly ash. Sugarcane fiber additions were varied from 0 wt% to 10 wt% (with an increment of 2 wt% for each sample), while the epoxy was used as a binder. A comparative study of these properties was completed on samples with and without the addition of fly ash in the composites. Based on the results obtained, the addition of 2 wt% of fly ash improved the tensile strength and hardness properties but reduced the flexural strength of the composites. Additions of fly ash reduced bubble or void formation in the composites, while toughening the composites and improving adhesion between the fiber and matrix. Samples with 4 w% of fiber and 2 wt% of fly ash composites showed high tensile strength and hardness properties, while 2 wt% of fiber composites showed high flexural strength.
Tailoring properties of polylactic acid/rubber/kenaf biocomposites: Effects of type of rubber and kenaf loading
Authors: Alias Nur Fazreen , Ismail Hanafi , Ku Ishak Ku Marsilla
Published: August 2021

Polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer with various types of rubber. The rubber was 90/10 wt% and was mixed before the addition of kenaf fiber (0 to 20 phr). Natural rubber (NR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were used. The effects of different types of rubber and kenaf loading were investigated based on processing torque, water absorption, mechanical properties, and fractured surface morphology. A similar trend in processing torque was observed throughout the composition of biocomposites. The stabilization torque was highest for the biocomposite with NR, followed by SBR and NBR. Water absorption increased as the kenaf loading increased. The polarity of NBR and SBR contributed to higher water absorption in the biocomposites compared to the NR. The strain-induced crystallization phenomenon and higher green strength of NR contributed to the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the biocomposite compared to the NBR and SBR toughened PLA/kenaf biocomposite. More plastic deformation and less fiber pullout were observed in the fractured surface morphology. However, by increasing the kenaf loading, the mechanical properties decreased for all biocomposites, which was due to poor interfacial adhesion and agglomeration.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of survivin in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective study
Authors: H Tejaswi Lingam , P Swetha , Manyam Ravikanth
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Oral cancer is a multistep process involving enhanced activation of proto-oncogenes. Survivin (anti-apoptotic protein) is one of such proto-oncogenes that contribute to the carcinogenesis by deregulating cell proliferation. Expression of these proteins in cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions helps a better understanding of the etiology, treatment and prognosis.

Aim. To evaluate qualitative and quantitative expression of survivin in healthy mucosa, oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods. A total of 70 cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks, of which 20 healthy mucosa, 20 OSCC and 30 OLP were included in the study and stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against survivin monoclonal antibody.

 4μm sections were stained immunohistochemically, both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was considered as positive for survivin. Positive and negative stained cells were counted with the help of Olympus BX51 rarefaction microscope and were analyzed quantitatively using image analysis pro plus software. Representative fields were randomly selected at 40X high power magnification. Values obtained were evaluated and tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results. There was a statistically significant relation between the expressions of survivin among healthy mucosa, OLP, OSCC with a p value of 0.001.

Conclusion. Presence of survivin expression in healthy mucosa, OLP and OSCC, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, can be identified as a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of precancerous lesions and conditions which are at higher risk for progression into invasive carcinoma.
Reverse Phenotyping Maternal Cystic Kidney Disease by Diagnosis in a Newborn: Case Report and Literature Review on Neonatal Cystic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Ruzgienė Dovilė , Sutkevičiūtė Meda , Burnytė Birutė , Grigalionienė Kristina , Jankauskienė Augustina
Published: August 2021

Kidney cysts are the most common kidney lesion, while congenital kidney cysts are mostly found in pediatric population. Neonatal kidney cysts can develop due to fetal malformations, rare genetic disorders or can be acquired which is very rare. Kidney cysts may be the only isolated finding or be part of the overall phenotype. They can be asymptomatic, found by ultrasound accidentally or can manifest from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease are the most common causes of kidney cysts in the neonatal population. This review highlights the most common kidney cystic diseases during the neonatal period and a rare clinical case of HNF1B-associated disease.
IMPACT OF SALT REDUCTION ON BREAD ON SENSORY PREFERENCE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Monteiro Célia , Martins Zita , Pinho Olívia , Gonçalves Carla Silva
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of salt reduction on bread physicochemical parameters and sensory analysis. The relationship between sensory attributes and preference was assessed using external preference mapping (PREFMAP). Moreover, sensory attributes relationship with physicochemical parameters was evaluated.
Methodology
Four Portuguese bread formulations were tested: “D’água”, “Carcaça”, “Mistura”, and “Regueifa”, produced with different salt concentrations (0.0%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.3%, and 1.4% of salt per wheat flour). Bread physicochemical characteristics evaluated included weight, volume, moisture, salt content, and crumb colour and structure. Sodium was determined by flame photometry method, while crumb colour and structure by digital image analysis. Sensory analysis was carried out with 8 trained assessors and consumer test with 80 participants. Statistical models for sensory preference evaluation were developed using PREFMAP. Statistical comparison was performed using as control bread with 1.4% of salt (legal value allowed).
Findings
Overall, salt reduction had significant impact on moisture, salt content and colour parameters, but limited influence on crumb morphology. Salt reduction had a significant negative impact on overall assessment, taste liking and overall linking attributes. The lowest salt concentrations with best consumer acceptance were: 0.8% (“D’Água” and “Carcaça”), 1.0% (“Mistura”), and 1.1% (“Regueifa”). These results suggest that salt reduction in these breads is possible without major impact on bread characteristics and without compromising consumers’ acceptance.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH CONSUMPTION OF FRESH WHOLE MILK OR YOGURT AND THE RISK FOR BOTH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND LIVER DISORDERS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC WISTAR RATS
Authors: Mahmoud Maha Hanafy , Badawy Ibrahim H. , Mohammed Fatma El-zahraa S.
Published: August 2021

A rapid increase in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was recorded recently. The link between consumption of milk or dairy products with higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and liver disorders particularly in those individuals with hyperlipidemia is still controversial. The present study was conducted to show the relationship between increased consumption of milk and yogurt either of cow or buffalo origin and the risk for cardiovascular diseases and liver disorders in hyperlipidemic rats. An animal experiment was conducted on six groups each comprising six rats after a period of eight weeks for induction of hyperlipidemia. Then, four groups of the hyperlipidemic rats were fed on 30% of milk (either buffalo or cow) or yogurt (either buffalo or cow) for another 8 weeks in addition to control negative and control positive groups. Results for the hyperlipidemic groups which received milk or yogurt revealed a reduction in most of serum lipid parameters, atherogenic index, malondialdehyde while increased HDL-C concentration. Also, a reduced activity of liver enzymes ALT, AST and LDH-5 and the cardiac enzyme CPK was noticed for the same groups in comparison with the group of control positive. Histopathological examination for liver and aorta confirmed the aforementioned biochemical changes. Thus, it can be concluded that increased milk or yogurt consumption did not increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases or liver disorders in hyperlipidemic rats. On the contrary, it improves the enzyme activity of both liver and heart and the atherogenic index, also it improves the disturbed serum lipid parameters of hyperlipidemic rats.
EFFECT OF ZEOLITE (CLINOPTILOLITE) ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RABBIT MEAT
Authors: Herc Peter , Bučko Ondřej , Tirpák Filip , Tokárová Katarína , Vizzarri Francesco , Massányi Peter , Slanina Tomas
Published: August 2021

This work is aimed to evaluate the effect of natural zeolite on selected parameters of the rabbit's meat chemical composition. The rabbits of the Castorex breed (n=12) were divided into two groups: Control group C (n=6) without the addition of zeolite in feed and the experimental group Z (n=6) in which animals received zeolite daily in a peroral form in concentration 0.2 g/kg of body weight. Determination of the nutritional composition of rabbit meat and analysis of individual amino acids and fatty acids was performed by the Nicolet 6700 using FT-IR method (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) in the musculus Longissimus dorsi (MLD) and the musculus Vastus lateralis (MVL). The content of water in meat in group Z (73.630 ± 0.270 g * 100g-1) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to group C (72.480 ± 0.530 g * 100g-1). Cysteine content in MLD in group Z (0.289 ± 0.007 g*100 g-1) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than in group C (0.277 ± 0.011 g*100 g-1). Another noticeable difference in the statistical level p ≤ 0.05 in favor of zeolite was found in linoleic acid content in MLD with mean values in group Z (0.324 ± 0.016 g*100g-1 FAME) against the group C (0.293 ± 0.009 g* 100 g-1 FAME). Therefore, the addition of zeolite to the rabbit feeding diet possibly increases the proportion of essential linoleic fatty acid and thereby may improve the nutritional value of the meat. Increased cysteine value can lead to a better degradation of heavy metals in meat.
INFLUENCE OF PRO-VITAMIN -A- CASSAVA FLOUR AND CASHEW NUT FLOUR SUPPLEMENTATIONS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT BASED BREAD
Authors: Friday Ogori A. , Julius Amove , Nsa Effiong S. , Rebezov Maksim , Maksimiuk Nikolai , Kenijz Nadezhda , Kuznetsova Elena , Gayvas Alexei , Hleba Lukas , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2021

The quality of bread produced from wheat, cashew nut flour and pro-vitamin –A- cassava flour blends were evaluated. Pro-vitamin -A -cassava flour and Cashew nut flour were prepared. Wheat, pro-vitamin A cassava flour and cashew nut flour were made into blends ration of 100%:0%:0% sample A, 90%:5%:5% sample B, 80%:15%:5% sample C, 85%:10%:5% Sample D and sample E, 75% 20%:5%   respectively. Result analysis revealed increase in physiochemical properties as blending increased. The moisture content, Protein content, Fat content, Carbohydrate and   Pro-vitamin A contents increased constantly with increase in blending. The oil absorption capacity decreased with blending. Other functional properties such as Water absorption capacity, Bulk density, swelling index, loaf height, and loaf volume increased as blends ration increases. Sensory characteristic reflected a down turn progression as blending was increased. Increase in cashew nut flour led to increase in chemical and functional quality values of the bread samples hence cheap bio functional ingredient which could also alleviate hidden hunger in rural populations with supplies of macro and micro nutrients.
Order Set Use and Education Association With Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis Outcomes
Authors: Shah Meera , Leong Traci , Freeman A. Jay
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

The management of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children was historically derived from adult practice recommendations. Pediatric-specific recommendations for treatment of AP were recently developed by North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, but their impact on clinical outcomes has yet to be evaluated. We developed an AP order set on the basis of these recommendations to assess impact on clinical outcomes.

METHODS

Patients admitted to a single center with 3 children’s hospitals in 2017 and 2018 for isolated AP were included in a retrospective review. Patient demographic data, order set use, treatment variables (eg, fluid type, rate, type and timing of diet initiation, and narcotic use), and outcome variables (eg, length of stay [LOS], PICU admission, and 30-day readmission) were collected. Mixed-effects modeling was used to estimate the impact of order set use on clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

There were 159 pancreatitis encounters and 137 unique patients who met inclusion criteria. In 2018, when using the log transform of LOS in a linear mixed-effects model for clustering by hospital, there was a 10% decrease in mean LOS, but this failed to reach statistical significance (P = .30). Among the 107 encounters who received at least 1 dose of narcotic, there were significantly fewer doses prescribed after implementation of the order set: mean (SD) of5.22 (2.86) vs 3.59 (2.47) (P < .001). Thirty-day readmission (P = .25) and PICU admission rates (P = .31) were not different between years.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of a pancreatitis order set is associated with a significant decrease in narcotic use in pediatric patients with AP without increasing readmission rates or PICU admissions.
Trends in Gabapentin and Pregabalin Prescribing in a Tertiary Pediatric Medical Center
Authors: Donado Carolina , Nedeljkovic Kristina , Wangnamthip Suratsawadee , Solodiuk Jean C. , Bourgeois Florence T. , Berde Charles B.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Analgesic medications are commonly prescribed in pediatrics, with prescribing practices frequently extrapolated from adult trials. Gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are widely used as analgesics but are labeled in pediatrics only for epilepsy. We aim to (1) define trends in pediatric gabapentinoid prescribing (label and off-label) over 7 years, and (2) evaluate use in chronic pain clinic (CPC) patients during 2018.

METHODS

Retrospective data from a tertiary-care pediatric hospital were collected between 2013 and 2019. Annual numbers of gabapentinoid prescriptions were stratified by prescriber specialty. Additional information about gabapentinoid prescribing in the CPC was manually collected from initial clinic notes in 2018.

RESULTS

There were 15 808 outpatient prescriptions for gabapentinoids among 5172 patients over 7 years. Of these, 93% were gabapentin and 7% were pregabalin. Numbers of patients receiving gabapentin and pregabalin prescriptions increased by 1.4- and 1.3-fold, respectively, between 2013 and 2019. Few prescriptions were done for patients with a previous epilepsy diagnosis (in 2019, 16% for gabapentin and 13% for pregabalin). Approximately 28% of 650 CPC new patients were prescribed gabapentin or pregabalin before referral. Among those, 44% had discontinued the medication because of adverse events (35%), inefficacy (46%), or both (5%). Most side effects reported were mild to moderate. Diagnoses at first visit were diverse, not limited to neuropathic pain conditions, and did not differ between patients receiving or not receiving gabapentinoid prescriptions.

CONCLUSIONS

In our hospital, gabapentinoids are commonly prescribed off-label for diverse indications, including chronic pain. Future research is needed to evaluate gabapentinoid efficacy in these indications.
Pediatric Nurse and Pharmacist Knowledge of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Goswami Elizabeth A.S. , Sexton Emma , Fadrowski Jeffrey J.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we assessed the knowledge and experience of pediatric pharmacists and nurses at a US tertiary-care pediatric center regarding the risk factors for, recognition of, and best practices for managing an acute kidney injury (AKI) in children.

METHODS

The authors developed a survey to assess the attitudes and knowledge of nurses and pharmacists regarding AKI in hospitalized children, which was reviewed by a small multidisciplinary group for content and length. The final 16-item survey consisted of demographic, self-assessment and attitude, and knowledge questions. All pediatric pharmacists and nurses at the study site received a voluntary online survey via e-mail. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

A survey was sent to 620 nurses and 50 pharmacists; 148 (25%) and 22 (44%), respectively, completed it. Most respondents were <35 years old and had ≤10 years of experience in both their professions and pediatrics. A total of 72% of pediatric nurses felt identification of AKI was within their scope of practice, and ∼60% felt confident in their ability to do so. More than 80% of pediatric pharmacists felt confident in their abilities to adjust medication doses in pediatric patients with AKI, but <60% felt confident in their ability to estimate the glomerular filtration rate in these patients. Nurses and pharmacists were able to correctly identify specific AKI criteria 60% to 70% and 70% to 90% of the time, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Although pediatric nurses and pharmacists have knowledge of AKI prevention and mitigation, gaps exist, and there is a desire for education in recognition of their key roles in the clinical team.
Comportamiento de los materiales bajo carga repetida
Authors: Tamayo Tamayo Jorge
Published: August 2021

Este es un trabajo presentado al V Simposio Colombiano sobre Ingeniería de Pavimentos, realizado en Cúcuta en octubre de 1983.
Criterios para la determinación del número de cucharas en una turbina Pelton
Authors: Jaramillo Valencia Octavio , Baquero Herrera José Fernando
Published: August 2021

Los criterios descritos en el presente artículo se aplican en los programas de computador del proyecto de grado “Comportamiento Hidráulico de Cucharas Pelton”, calificado con la distinción de meritorio, en el cual a partir de la altura neta, el caudal y la velocidad angular, se determina la geometría de las cucharas. Forma parte del programa de investigación que la Facultad de Ingeniería está llevando a cabo con el propósito de desarrollar turbinas Pelton de baja potencia con la financiación de Colciencias y bajo la dirección del Ingeniero Álvaro Rey Romero.
Un punto de apoyo en la docencia: cómo formular objetivos instruccionales
Authors: Olarte Caro Luis Alberto
Published: August 2021

Dentro del extenso campo en el cual se desempeñan los ingenieros de las diversas especialidades, merece ser destacado el relacionado con la actividad docente, entre otras por las siguientes razones: - Es en esta actividad donde comienza el proceso de formación profesional: si empieza bien o mal, es responsabilidad de los docentes, que son en su mayoría ingenieros. - Las características de este proceso de formación básica, determinarán en primera instancia, la calidad del ingeniero que egresa para continuar su formación con el ejercicio profesional y la especialización técnica. - Es, quizás, el único campo de acción para el cual el ingeniero no recibió la instrucción requerida.
Electroerosión. 1a. Parte
Authors: Moreno Portillo José William
Published: August 2021

Mediante este trabajo se quiere dar a conocer los principios básicos que gobiernan el proceso de electroerosión, las partes principales de los equipos que se utilizan en el proceso y sus funciones, al igual que los principios de operación y sus principales parámetros tecnológicos. También se pretende dar algunos criterios que se deben tener en cuenta para la selección de un equipo de electroerosión y se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre el diseño de piezas que se van a obtener mediante este proceso.
Secuencias de solución de modelos matemáticos
Authors: Bogoya Maldonado Daniel
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo constituyó parte del Seminario que sobre Simulación de Procesos Químicos ofreció el Grupo de Simulación de la Facultad de Ingeniería, en 1985. En él se sintetizan los criterios desarrollados para establecer topologías de solución de modelos matemáticos y se ilustran algunas aplicaciones.
Hidrología en cuencas pequeñas con información escasa
Authors: Silva Medina Gustavo
Published: August 2021

El tema se refiere básicamente a la recolección y procesamiento de información cartográfica e hidrometeorológica en los proyectos que se realizan en cuencas pequeñas con información escasa. Los métodos que se analizan en este trabajo permiten estimar valores para el diseño de obras de almacenamiento y distribución de agua, protección de estructuras hidráulicas y control de sedimentos. Se hizo énfasis en el manejo de la información escasa porque, cuando se realizan estudios hidrológicos en cuencas pequeñas, los registros cartográficos e hidrometeorológicos son deficientes en muchos casos. Las deficiencias son más evidentes en cuencas alejadas de los ríos principales o de los centros poblados.
Vehículos tipo para el transporte urbano de pasajeros en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Jorge
Published: August 2021

Con el copatrocinio del Instituto Nacional del Transporte INTRA y en el marco del Proyecto de Consumo, Conservación y Sustitución de Energía en el sector transporte, realizado conjuntamente por el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transporte, el Ministerio de Minas y Energía, el Departamento Nacional de Planeación y la Organización de Estados Americanos - OEA, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia a través del Instituto de Ensayos e Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería desarrolló el estudio “Diseño Optimizado de un Vehículo Diésel de Pasajeros para Operación Urbana en Colombia”, comúnmente conocido como “Bus Tipo”. En una primera parte se analiza cuáles son las características predominantes en el transporte colectivo de pasajeros en las trece (13) principales ciudades colombianas teniendo en cuenta los aspectos del equipo, de la infraestructura y de la estructura o sistema de transporte; en la segunda parte se proponen soluciones para cada uno de los principales problemas encontrados en los aspectos considerados y en la tercera parte se hace la especificación de las principales características técnicas de tres (3) buses tipo o patrón en los tamaños mediano y grande de acuerdo con las normas internacionales. El estudio se complementa con un programa de mantenimiento y con cuatro (4) modelos matemáticos sobre comportamiento mecánico de los buses.
Estudio cinético de la reacción del CO con el O2 sobre un catalizador de Pd en alto vacío
Authors: Carballo Suárez Luis M.
Published: August 2021

La oxidación del monóxido de carbono con el oxígeno sobre una banda de Paladio policristalino bajo condiciones de estado estacionario se investigó con la ayuda de un espectrómetro de masas y con la utilización de monóxido de carbono marcado isotópicamente 13CO. A temperaturas entre 500 y 750 K se varía la proporción de las presiones parciales de los reactantes entre los limites 0,01 hasta 100, y la presión total en el reactor esta siempre por debajo de 10-3 mbar. Los resultados experimentales se describen usando una secuencia de pasos elementales que incluye la adsorción y desorción molecular de los reactantes, y la reacción de las dos especies adsorbidas para formar CO2, siendo este último el paso controlante de la reacción. El modelo considera dos clases diferentes de sitios activos. Los cálculos basados sobre valores de los parámetros tomados de la literatura muestran un ajuste aproximado con los datos experimentales.
Why Fire Sprinklers Should Not Be Required in Open Parking Structures
Authors:   Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Fire Committee
Published: August 2021

In the 2021 editions of the International Building Code (IBC) and International Fire Code (IFC), provisions were added by code change F110-18 to require automatic sprinkler protection in all open parking structures that exceed 48,000 square feet in fire area. Unfortunately, the technical documentation that was submitted to support such a drastic change to the building and fire codes did not meet the expected robustness to justify these new requirements. This white paper provides: • Historical background information on the fire experience in open parking structures. • A summary of the documentation used to require sprinkler protection for open parking structures in the 2021 IFC. • A review of the potential fire hazards in open parking structures. • An explanation of why this added expense for the construction of open parking structures is not justified.
Adaptation of Foreign Experience in Ensuring Food Security to Russian Conditions
Authors: Ishkhanov Aleksandr , Linkevich Elena
Published: August 2021

One of the most significant criteria characterizing the effectiveness of the country’s food security system is ensuring access of the entire population (including the poor) to the necessary amounts of food. To solve the problem of poverty and malnutrition, new approaches that involve strengthening government regulation, attracting resources from commercial companies, and increasing the efficiency of public socially-oriented organizations are needed. The article proposes a large-scale state program that provides support to the country’s poor, with the active participation of business structures and Russian food banks. The main directions of the state program are determined taking foreign experience in supporting the poor, as well as the specifics of the development of the Russian economy and social sphere into account. Particular attention is paid to the changes in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation, aimed at increasing the interest of private enterprises in the implementation of the program to support the low-income population. The proposed amendments are especially relevant in the face of the deteriorating economic situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed set of measures complies with the provisions of the updated Food Security Doctrine of 2020 and can be an addition to the strategies being implemented to improve the efficiency of the food security system in the Russian Federation.