bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laughing at power: Humor, transgression, and the politics of refusal in Palestine
Authors: Bhungalia Lisa
Published: September 2019

This article examines the political and productive work of humor under conditions of precarity, war, and occupation. Drawing on the case of Palestine but making links to other contexts of violence and war, it explores the transgressive power of humor to destabilize existing power relations and established hierarchies by calling into question the norms and “rationalities” that underpin our social world. Palestine’s laughter in particular, it contends, constitutes a mode and practice of refusal to normalize conditions of subjugation. Accordingly, this article explores how humor, as wielded on the part of subjugated populations, constitutes a different kind of political grammar that cannot be adequately captured by the language of resistance. To laugh in the face of power is not to say: “I oppose you”—rather it is to assert: “your power has no authority over me.” It is to refuse that power authorizing force. As such, this article maintains that closer inspection of the relationship between humor, laughter, and power carves out new space for a working theory of the political, one wherein power is not opposed but disavowed. This disavowal, I argue, is also productive: it is to assert that other political orders and possibilities exist.
Effective editing for lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2/5 in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using CRISPR-Cas9 system
Authors: Zhang Kai , Nie Liluo , Cheng Qiqi , Yin Yongtai , Chen Kang , Qi Fuyu , Zou Dashan , Liu Haohao , Zhao Weiguo , Wang Baoshan , Li Maoteng
Published: September 2019

Background

Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops, and can supply considerable amounts of edible oil as well as provide raw materials for the production of biodiesel in the biotechnology industry. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT), a key enzyme in the Kennedy pathway, catalyses fatty acid chains into 3-phosphoglycerate and promotes further production of oil in the form of triacylglycerol. However, because B. napus is an allotetraploid with two subgenomes, the precise genes which involved in oil production remain unclear due to the intractability of efficiently knocking out all copies with high genetic redundancy. Therefore, a robust gene editing technology is necessary for gene function analysis.

Results

An efficient gene editing technology was developed for the allotetraploid plant B. napus using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Previous studies showed poor results in either on-target or off-target activity in B. napus. In the present study, four single-gRNAs and two multi-gRNAs were deliberately designed from the conserved coding regions of BnLPAT2 which has seven homologous genes, and BnLPAT5, which has four homologous genes. The mutation frequency was found to range from 17 to 68%, while no mutation was observed in the putative off-target sites. The seeds of the Bnlpat2/Bnlpat5 mutant were wizened and showed enlarged oil bodies, disrupted distribution of protein bodies and increased accumulation of starch in mature seeds. The oil content decreased, with an average decrease of 32% for Bnlpat2 lines and 29% for Bnlpat5 lines in single-gRNA knockout lines, and a decline of 24% for Bnlpat2 mutant lines (i.e., g123) and 39% for Bnlpat2/Bnlpat5 double mutant lines (i.e., g134) in multi-gRNA knockout lines.

Conclusions

Seven BnLPAT2 homologous genes and four BnLPAT5 homologous genes were cleaved completely using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which indicated that it is effective for editing all homologous genes in allotetraploid rapeseed, despite the relatively low sequence identities of both gene families. The size of the oil bodies increased significantly while the oil content decreased, confirming that BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 play a role in oil biosynthesis. The present study lays a foundation for further oil production improvement in oilseed crop species.
Efficient marker free CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for functional analysis of gene families in filamentous fungi
Authors: van Leeuwe Tim M. , Arentshorst Mark , Ernst Tim , Alazi Ebru , Punt Peter J. , Ram Arthur F. J.
Published: September 2019

Background

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has expedited the way of constructing multiple gene alterations in filamentous fungi, whereas traditional methods are time-consuming and can be of mutagenic nature. These developments allow the study of large gene families that contain putatively redundant genes, such as the seven-membered family ofcrh-genes encoding putative glucan–chitin crosslinking enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis.

Results

Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9 system forAspergillus nigerusing a non-integrative plasmid, containing a selection marker, a Cas9 and a sgRNA expression cassette. Combined with selection marker free knockout repair DNA fragments, a set of the seven single knockout strains was obtained through homology directed repair (HDR) with an average efficiency of 90%. Cas9–sgRNA plasmids could effectively be cured by removing selection pressure, allowing the use of the same selection marker in successive transformations. Moreover, we show that either two or even three separate Cas9–sgRNA plasmids combined with marker-free knockout repair DNA fragments can be used in a single transformation to obtain double or triple knockouts with 89% and 38% efficiency, respectively. By employing this technique, a seven-memberedcrh-gene family knockout strain was acquired in a few rounds of transformation; three times faster than integrative selection marker (pyrG) recycling transformations. An additional advantage of the use of marker-free gene editing is that negative effects of selection marker gene expression are evaded, as we observed in the case of disrupting virtually silentcrhfamily members.

Conclusions

Our findings advocate the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to create multiple gene deletions in both a fast and reliable way, while simultaneously omitting possible locus-dependent-side-effects of poor auxotrophic marker expression.
Risk factors for positive depression screening across a shipboard deployment cycle
Authors: Arcury-Quandt Alice E. , Harbertson Judith , Ziajko Lauretta , Hale Braden R.
Published: September 2019

Background

Depression is a leading cause of healthcare use and risk for suicide among US military personnel. Depression is not well characterised over the shipboard deployment cycle, and personnel undergo less screening than with land-based deployments, making early identification less likely.

Aims

To determine the demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with screening positive for risk of depression (ROD) across the shipboard deployment cycle.

Method

Active-duty ship assigned personnel completed an anonymous assessment using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in the year prior to deployment, during deployment and in the months following deployment. Longitudinal models were used to determine risk factors.

Results

In total, 598 people were included in the analysis. Over 50% of the study population screened positive for ROD (CES-D score ≥16) and over 25% screened positive for risk of major depressive disorder (CES-D score ≥22) at all time points. Lower age, female gender, alcohol use, stress and prior mental health diagnoses were all associated with greater odds of screening positive for ROD in multivariable models.

Conclusions

Although the risk factors associated with screening positive for ROD are similar to those in other military and civilian populations, the proportion screening positive exceeds previously reported prevalence. This suggests that shipboard deployment or factors associated with shipboard deployment may present particular stressors or increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms.

Declaration of interest

The authors are military service members (or employees of the US Government). This work was prepared as part of the authors' official duties. Title 17, U.S.C. §105 provides the ‘Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.’ Title 17, USC, §101 defines a US Government work as work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. The views expressed in this research are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, or the US Government. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.
Prediction of Drug Approval After Phase I Clinical Trials in Oncology: RESOLVED2
Authors: Beinse Guillaume , Tellier Virgile , Charvet Valentin , Deutsch Eric , Borget Isabelle , Massard Christophe , Hollebecque Antoine , Verlingue Loic
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Drug development in oncology currently is facing a conjunction of an increasing number of antineoplastic agents (ANAs) candidate for phase I clinical trials (P1CTs) and an important attrition rate for final approval. We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm (RESOLVED2) to predict drug development outcome, which could support early go/no-go decisions after P1CTs by better selection of drugs suitable for further development.

METHODS

PubMed abstracts of P1CTs reporting on ANAs were used together with pharmacologic data from the DrugBank5.0 database to model time to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (FDA approval-free survival) since the first P1CT publication. The RESOLVED2 model was trained with machine learning methods. Its performance was evaluated on an independent test set with weighted concordance index (IPCW).

RESULTS

We identified 462 ANAs from PubMed that matched with DrugBank5.0 (P1CT publication dates 1972 to 2017). Among 1,411 variables, 28 were used by RESOLVED2 to model the FDA approval-free survival, with an IPCW of 0.89 on the independent test set. RESOLVED2 outperformed a model that was based on efficacy/toxicity (IPCW, 0.69). In the test set at 6 years of follow-up, 73% (95% CI, 49% to 86%) of drugs predicted to be approved were approved, whereas 92% (95% CI, 87% to 98%) of drugs predicted to be nonapproved were still not approved (log-rank P < .001). A predicted approved drug was 16 times more likely to be approved than a predicted nonapproved drug (hazard ratio, 16.4; 95% CI, 8.40 to 32.2).

CONCLUSION

As soon as P1CT completion, RESOLVED2 can predict accurately the time to FDA approval. We provide the proof of concept that drug development outcome can be predicted by machine learning strategies.
Integrative Molecular Analysis of Patients With Advanced and Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Sailer Verena , Eng Kenneth Wa , Zhang Tuo , Bareja Rohan , Pisapia David J. , Sigaras Alexandros , Bhinder Bhavneet , Romanel Alessandro , Wilkes David , Sticca Evan , Cyrta Joanna , Rao Rema , Sahota Sheena , Pauli Chantal , Beg Shaham , Motanagh Samaneh , Kossai Myriam , Fontugne Jacqueline , Puca Loredana , Rennert Hanna , Xiang Jenny Zhaoying , Greco Noah , Kim Rob , MacDonald Theresa Y. , McNary Terra , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Schiffman Marc H. , Faltas Bishoy M. , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Rickman David , Andreopoulou Eleni , Holcomb Kevin , Vahdat Linda T. , Scherr Douglas S. , van Besien Koen , Barbieri Christopher E. , Robinson Brian D. , Fine Howard Alan , Ocean Allyson J. , Molina Ana , Shah Manish A. , Nanus David M. , Pan Qiulu , Demichelis Francesca , Tagawa Scott T. , Song Wei , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Rubin Mark A. , Elemento Olivier , Beltran Himisha
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

We developed a precision medicine program for patients with advanced cancer using integrative whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Five hundred fifteen patients with locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors were prospectively enrolled, and paired tumor/normal sequencing was performed. Seven hundred fifty-nine tumors from 515 patients were evaluated.

RESULTS

Most frequent tumor types were prostate (19.4%), brain (16.5%), bladder (15.4%), and kidney cancer (9.2%). Most frequently altered genes were TP53 (33%), CDKN2A (11%), APC (10%), KTM2D (8%), PTEN (8%), and BRCA2 (8%). Pathogenic germline alterations were present in 10.7% of patients, most frequently CHEK2 (1.9%), BRCA1 (1.5%), BRCA2 (1.5%), and MSH6 (1.4%). Novel gene fusions were identified, including a RBM47-CDK12 fusion in a metastatic prostate cancer sample. The rate of clinically relevant alterations was 39% by whole-exome sequencing, which was improved by 16% by adding RNA sequencing. In patients with more than one sequenced tumor sample (n = 146), 84.62% of actionable mutations were concordant.

CONCLUSION

Integrative analysis may uncover informative alterations for an advanced pan-cancer patient population. These alterations are consistent in spatially and temporally heterogeneous samples.
Model systems for regeneration: zebrafish
Authors: Marques Ines J. , Lupi Eleonora , Mercader Nadia
Published: September 2019

Tissue damage can resolve completely through healing and regeneration, or can produce permanent scarring and loss of function. The response to tissue damage varies across tissues and between species. Determining the natural mechanisms behind regeneration in model organisms that regenerate well can help us develop strategies for tissue recovery in species with poor regenerative capacity (such as humans). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the most accessible vertebrate models to study regeneration. In this Primer, we highlight the tools available to study regeneration in the zebrafish, provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying regeneration in this system and discuss future perspectives for the field.
Requirement for Scleraxis in the recruitment of mesenchymal progenitors during embryonic tendon elongation
Authors: Huang Alice H. , Watson Spencer S. , Wang Lingyan , Baker Brendon , Akiyama Haruhiko , Brigande John V. , Schweitzer Ronen
Published: September 2019

The transcription factor Scleraxis (Scx) is required for tendon development; however, the function of Scx is not fully understood. Although Scx is expressed by all tendon progenitors and cells, only long tendons are disrupted in the Scx−/− mutant while short tendons appear normal and the ability of muscle to attach to skeleton is not affected. We recently demonstrated that long tendons are formed in two stages: first by muscle anchoring to skeleton via a short tendon anlage, followed by rapid elongation of the tendon in parallel with skeletal growth. Through lineage tracing, we extend these observations to all long tendons and show that tendon elongation is fueled by recruitment of new mesenchymal progenitors. Conditional loss of Scx in mesenchymal progenitors did not affect the first stage of anchoring; however, new cells were not recruited during elongation and long tendons failed to form. Interestingly, for tenocyte recruitment, Scx expression was required only in the recruited cells and not in the recruiting tendon. The phenotype of Scx mutants can thus be understood as a failure of tendon cell recruitment during tendon elongation.
Effects of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in cardiovascular health care quality improvements: A systematic review
Authors: Ramírez-Morera Anggie , Tristan Mario , Vazquez Juan Carlos
Published: September 2019

Background: The development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (EB-CPGs) has increasing global growth; however, the certainty of impact on patients and health systems, as well as the magnitude of the impact, is not apparent. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of the application of EB-CPGs for the improvement of the quality of health care in three dimensions: structure, process and results in the patient for the management of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We followed the methods described by the Cochrane Handbook and present a descriptive analysis because of the high heterogeneity found across the included studies. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, as well as the grey literature, between 1990 and June 2016. No language restrictions were applied. Only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were selected. Three authors independently carried out the data extraction, using a modified version of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care form.

Results: Of the total of 84 interventions included in the nine RCTs evaluated, three (4%) were related to health care structure, 54 (64%) to the health care delivery process and 27 (32%) to patient outcomes. Regarding the impact of using the EB-CPGs, in 55 interventions (65%), there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups. In four interventions (5%), the result favoured the control group, and the result favoured the intervention group on 25 of the interventions (30%).

Conclusions: This systematic review showed that EB-CPGs could be useful to improve the process and structure of health care and, to a lesser extent, to improve the patients’ outcomes. After analysing many studies, we could have one more hypothesis for further research, which could shed more light upon those undiscovered variables that might interfere with the use of the EB-CPGs.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42013003589
Insights from mathematical modelling on the proposed WHO 2030 goals for scabies
Authors: Marks Michael , McVernon Jodie , Engelman Daniel , Kaldor John , Steer Andrew
Published: September 2019

Scabies was adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Neglected Tropical Disease in 2017. There is currently no formal global scabies control programmes or existing WHO guidelines on scabies control although at least two countries, Fiji and Ethiopia, have adopted national approaches to scabies control. In February 2019 WHO held a first Informal Consultation on a Framework for Scabies Control, in part as a response to multiple national requests for guidance on public health management in high disease burden areas. Below we outline control strategies proposed at this meeting and summarise the role that modelling can play in supporting the development of evidence to translate these proposals into formal WHO recommendations and national and global control programmes. Provisional proposals discussed at the WHO Informal Consultation for a scabies control programme include the use of mass drug administration when the community prevalence of scabies is ≥ 10% (generally considered to reflect a childhood prevalence of at least 20%) and the use of intensified case management when the prevalence is below 10%.
Punishing the individual or the group for norm violation
Authors: El Zein Marwa , Seikus Chloe , De-Wit Lee , Bahrami Bahador
Published: September 2019

Background: It has recently been proposed that a key motivation for joining groups is the protection from consequences of negative behaviours, such as norm violations. Here we empirically test this claim by investigating whether cooperative decisions and the punishment of associated fairness-based norm violations are different in individuals vs. collectives in economic games.

Methods: In the ultimatum game, participants made or received offers that they could reject at a cost to their outcome, a form of social punishment. In the dictator game with third-party punishment, participants made offers to a receiver while being observed by a punisher, or could themselves punish unfair offers.

Results: Participants made lower offers when making a collective rather than an individual decision. This difference correlated with participants’ overall mean offers: those who were generally less generous were even less so in a group, suggesting that the collective structure was compatible with their intention. Participants were slower when punishing vs not punishing an unfair offer. Importantly here, they were slower when deciding whether to punish groups as compared to individuals, only when the offer concerned them directly in second party punishment. Participants thus seem reluctant to punish others, and even more so when facing a group of proposers.

Conclusions: Together, these results show that people behave differently in a group, both in their willingness to share with others and in their punishment of norm violations. This could be explained by the fact that being in a collective structure allows to share responsibility with others, thereby protecting from negative consequences of norm violations.
Judgments Based on Stocks and Flows: Different Presentations of the Same Data Can Lead to Opposing Inferences
Authors: Spiller Stephen A. , Reinholtz Nicholas , Maglio Sam J.
Published: September 2019

Time-series data—measurements of a quantity over time—can be presented as stocks (the quantity at each point in time) or flows (the change in quantity from one point in time to the next). In a series of six experiments, we find that the choice of presenting data as stocks or flows can have a consequential impact on judgments. The same data can lead to positive or negative assessments when presented as stocks versus flows and can engender optimistic or pessimistic forecasts for the future. For example, when employment data from 2007 to 2013 are shown as flows (jobs created or lost), President Obama’s impact on the economy during his first year in office is viewed positively, whereas when the same data are shown as stocks (total jobs), his impact is viewed negatively. The results highlight a challenge that accompanies the growing reliance on data and analytics for decision making within organizations: seemingly benign choices—such as that between two informationally equivalent data presentations—can substantively impact how data are interpreted and used, even though the underlying information is the same.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.
Exploring Customers’ Experiences of Service Co-Recovery
Authors: Tronvoll Bård , Edvardsson Bo
Published: September 2019

Service recovery occurs when service exchange fails, often because resource integration has failed. In the co-recovery process, multiple actors (including the customer) interact to cocreate a favorable customer experience following failure. The aim of this paper is to extend an existing understanding of the activities and interactions that serve as resource integration drivers in customer co-recovery experiences. The article explores recovery situations in an interview-based empirical study. Based on the findings, the study develops an empirically derived model (5C), identifying and defining drivers of customer co-recovery and suggesting how firms should engage customers and other actors in the process. To heighten the practical implications, the study conceptualizes the customer recovery process by suggesting a “wheel of customer co-recovery” model.
Comparative Analysis of Capacitated Arc Routing Formulations for Designing a New Branch-Cut-and-Price Algorithm
Authors: Pecin Diego , Uchoa Eduardo
Published: September 2019

The current best exact algorithms for the Capacitated Arc Routing Problem are based on the combination of cut and column generation. This work presents a deep theoretical investigation of the formulations behind those algorithms, classifying them and pointing out similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages. In particular, we discuss which families of cuts and branching strategies are suitable for each alternative and their pricing complexities. That analysis is used to justify key decisions on constructing a new branch-cut-and-price algorithm that combines several features picked from the capacitated arc routing literature with some features adapted from the most successful recent algorithms for node routing. The computational experiments show that the resulting algorithm is indeed effective and can solve almost all open instances from the classical benchmark sets.
Editorial
Authors: Suppo Hugo , Giaccaglia Clarissa
Published: September 2019

A Revista Neiba, Cadernos Argentina Brasil, criada em 2012, acaba de ser promovida no ranking da avaliação da CAPES de B3 para B2. Esse reconhecimento é fruto do trabalho de uma equipe abnegada, que foi se renovando ao longo do tempo. A partir deste ano, a revista tem seu Conselho Editorial ampliado e conta com a incorporação da professora Clarisa Giaccaglia (UNR) como co-editora responsável junto ao professor Hugo Suppo (UERJ), reforçando assim o caráter binacional da publicação.Dando continuidade ao processo de aperfeiçoamento da revista, ela continuará a ser publicada anualmente, adotando o método de fluxo contínuo, segundo o qual os artigos são disponibilizados conforme seus processos de análise e editoração forem sendo concluídos. Dessa forma, ao final do ano, todos os artigos são reunidos em um único número. Esse formato garante a circulação do conhecimento de maneira mais fluida acelerando o processo de comunicação das pesquisas.É importante assinalar que nesse tipo de formato já não se utiliza mais a numeração de páginas tradicional, pois todos os artigos tem um identificador eletrônico, denominado elocation-id (electronic location identifier). Trata-se de um identificador único dentro do volume, que permite a correta identificação e citação dos artigos. Ressalte-se que a revista continuará utilizando o identificador de objetos digitais, DOI (Digital Object Identifier), o que que garante a respectiva localização na rede.Além disso, um novo visual da revista foi desenvolvido, tanto no portal como no seu conteúdo, graças à colaboração de Nathalia Avila, do Portal de Publicações Eletrônicas da UERJ/EdUERJ/UERJ e de Talita Ribeiro, nossa assistente de editoração.Nesta nova etapa de renovação da Revista Neiba, Cadernos Argentina Brasil, contamos mais uma vez com a colaboração de nossos prestigiados pareceristas, autores e membros da equipe técnica, sem os quais ela não teria logrado êxito. Hugo SuppoClarisa GiaccagliaEditores chefes
Descriptive analysis of effect of uptake of comprehensive antenatal care services on neonatal mortality, Kenya
Authors: Adi Galgallo Dahabo , Gura Roka Zeinab , Boru Waqo G , Ransom James
Published: September 2019

Background

Antenatal care services help decrease neonatal mortality. Laboratory profiling is a highly recommended part of antenatal care services, but it is often neglected.

Aims

To explore the importance of comprehensive antenatal care services in reducing neonatal mortality among births at Moyale Sub-County Referral Hospital in Kenya.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of maternity records of all women aged 15 years old or more who gave birth at Moyale Sub-County Referral Hospital between June 2014 and May 2015. Stillbirths were excluded from the analysis. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and descriptive statistics calculated. A total of 1062 women were included in the study, with mean age of 24 ± 9.1 years. Of these, 11% had no antenatal care visits, 2% were HIV-positive, and all lived within 10 km of Moyale Sub-County Referral Hospital.

Findings

Children of women who had no antenatal care visits were 2.7 times more likely to die within 28 days of birth compared to children born to women who had 1 antenatal care visit, and 8.5 times more likely to die compared to women who had at least three antenatal care visits.

Conclusions

Antenatal care profiling helps reduce neonatal mortality by capturing early diagnosis of preventable conditions that affect birth outcomes.
Notes from an autumn gardener: Reflections on applied theatre and bridging distance
Authors: Cohen-Cruz Jan
Published: September 2019

Organized around five characteristics of applied theatre that situate it in terms of bridging distances, this article draws on the author’s experience in order to make larger points about nowhere being too distant to make theatre; the idea that theatre must be done one place rather than another, distancing us from ourselves and what we have to say and do in the world; and the concept that specialness is a matter of innate worth and not celebrity. The five characteristics are that applied theatre is more than plays, is frequently aligned with a counter-cultural or movement context, shrinks distance between people in diverse circumstances, encourages consistency between one’s inner values and outer actions, and renews a relationship to one’s geographic, cultural and/or spiritual roots.
The Dury’s Out: Participatory drama and applied theatre processes as ways of addressing radicalized thinking – a pilot study
Authors: Upton Megan , Grossman Michele
Published: September 2019

Governments globally are wrestling with the growing challenges of radicalized thinking and violent extremism. How can participatory drama or applied theatre processes be used to address radicalized thinking in young people? This article reports the findings of a pilot study conducted with two Australian secondary schools – one government and one Muslim – implementing an education resource focused closely on critical thinking and participatory drama to explore the themes of choice and consequence. The project was created in response to a film – The Dury’s Out – which was made by young Melbourne Muslims wishing to highlight the role of the media in shaping Australian’s thinking about Islam and radicalization. The project included federal, state, community and academic partners.
The tyranny of emotional distance?: Emotion/al work and emotional labour in applied theatre projects
Authors: Lazaroo Natalie , Ishak Izzaty
Published: September 2019

Taking as its theoretical starting point Sheila Preston’s (2013) discussion of emotional labour and the applied theatre facilitator, we examine how emotional labour in the applied theatre space might manifest through the experiences of not only the facilitator, but the participants as well. Our investigation is based on the work of The Community Theatre (TCT) project, a drama-based group in Singapore that enlists youth volunteers from low- and middle-income backgrounds to co-create shows that reflect on the social challenges faced by children and families from low socio-economic backgrounds. Drawing on interviews, reflective journals and workshop notes, we identify two significant moments that emerged out of TCT’s work, where the practice of emotional labour by the facilitator and participants became evident. We suggest that the implications of participants managing their emotions during the applied theatre process can offer some insight into the need for facilitators to create opportunities for suppressed feelings experienced by both facilitators and participants to be critically engaged with. We begin to articulate the importance of a critical emotional praxis (Chubbuck and Zembylas 2006) to navigate what we have termed the ‘tyranny of emotional distance’ in applied theatre work – the perceived negative effects caused by constant emotional management.
Informações aos pais durante o tratamento do câncer infantil: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Silva-Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Moraes Karoline dos Santos Rodrigues , Duarte Adriana Maria , Polita Naiara Barros , Padula Marcele Pescuma Capeletti , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a perspectiva de pais de crianças com câncer na busca de informações em diferentes momentos do tratamento. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 22 pais em dois hospitais públicos de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados segundo os procedimentos da análise de conteúdo indutiva. Resultados: Não foi observado um padrão na busca por informações na trajetória da doença, mas necessidades diferentes quanto ao tipo de informação, à medida que a criança ou adolescente avança dentro do plano terapêutico. As principais fontes de informação apontadas foram: os médicos, outros profissionais de saúde que não o enfermeiro e a internet. O médico ainda é a referência como fonte de informação. O enfermeiro apresentou um papel bem modesto em relação às suas possibilidades de atuação enquanto educador e provedor de informações. Pais e mães evidenciaram a necessidade de informações claras e individualizadas. Conclusões: Espera-se que os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado dessa clientela estejam dispostos a fornecer informações e adotar estratégias para simplificar as informações fornecidas, a fim de preparar os pais para o processo de tomada de decisão durante o tratamento.
Dimensión espiritual en el cuidado del paciente
Authors: Condori Nancy Marilu
Published: September 2019

Dimensión espiritual en el cuidado del paciente.
Role of Religion on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Lactating Mothers on Infant Feeding
Authors: Oladejo T Adepoju , Elizabeth T Adesemoye , Isaac O Akinyele
Published: September 2019

Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices directly affect the nutritional status of children under two years of age, and ultimately, impact child survival. These practices are influenced by maternal knowledge and attitudes as well as socio-demographic and cultural factors; and an understanding of such factors is important to scaling up IYCF practices. This study was designed to assess the role of religion on knowledge, attitude and infant feeding practices among Christian and Muslim lactating mothers in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 lactating mothers in the LGA. Eight focus group discussions were carried out among Christian and Muslim lactating mothers. An adapted pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and IYCF knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents. Knowledge on IYCF was assessed on 14-item scale, and the scores categorised as: ˂5.60 poor, 5.60–10.88 fair, and ˃10.88 good knowledge. Attitude was assessed on 13 statements from the IOWA Infant Feeding Attitude scale with lowest and highest obtainable score of 13 and 65 respectively. A score of ˂44 was ranked as poor, and ˃44 points good. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. Mean age of respondents was 30.0±4.9 years, 55.9% were Muslims, and 63.8% had fair knowledge. There was no significant difference in fair knowledge categorisation (63.7%, 63.8%), but there existed slight difference in good (20.7%, 21.3%) and poor (15.6%, 14.9%) knowledge of the Muslim and Christian respondents respectively. Mothers with poor attitude constituted 56.0%. Muslim religion directly supports pre-lacteal feeding and duration of breastfeeding while the other indirectly supports breastfeeding. Religious practices directly and indirectly affect knowledge, attitude and practices of nursing mothers on infant feeding; hence, healthcare Professionals should pay more attention to nutrition education in religious houses using the infant and young child feeding module.
Exploring the Occupational Physical Activity Levels in young Adult Restaurant Servers.
Authors: Doyle-Baker Patricia K. , Doyle-Baker Patricia K. , Wray Heather E.
Published: September 2019

Physical activity (PA) decreases in late adolescence and young adulthood when this age cohort enters the workforce with many being employed in the foodservice industry. Daily energy expenditure can be divided between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Although LTPA is known to be associated with positive health benefits, a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of OPA on LTPA in young restaurant servers. This study measured via accelerometry, OPA and LTPA for a 7-day period from a sample of young adult servers (n = 7, 23-29 years old) from two restaurants. Resting metabolic rate was measured via indirect calorimetry and inputted into the AMP 331 accelerometer for energy expenditure calculations. Energy expenditure patterns were compared to age- and sex-specific normative data, occupational classifications, and the Canadian PA Guidelines to Healthy Active Living (CPAG). Energy expenditure results and step count values were higher for working versus non-working days and working versus non-working periods. Daily, working energy expenditure was approximately equal to normative data, while non-working daily energy expenditure was lower. The working period energy expenditure placed this population in the ‘exceptionally active’ OPA classification. Minimum PA levels, based on CPAG were met each day, however 10,000-steps-per-day were only achieved on working days. None of the participants logged LTPA and therefore 100% of their PA came from OPA. More research is needed over a longer duration and at different times in the year to identify the effect OPA has on LTPA in this population.
Evaluation of SHP1-P2 methylation as a biomarker of lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Keelawat Somboon , Wongphoom Jutamas , Rattanatanyong Prakasit , Mutirangura Apiwat
Published: September 2019

Background

Hypermethylation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 promoter 2 (SHP1-P2) has been proven as an epithelial-specific marker. This marker has been used for the detection of lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer or colon cancer.

Objectives

To investigate SHP1-P2 methylation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and determine its potential for micrometastasis detection in the lymph nodes of patients with HNSCC.

Methods

SHP1-P2 methylation levels were analyzed by combined methylation-specific primer TaqMan real-time PCR in 5 sample groups: normal tonsils (n = 10), microdissected squamous cell carcinoma epithelia (n = 9), nonmetastatic head and neck cancer lymph nodes (LN N0, n = 15), metastatic HNSCC histologically negative for tumor cells (LN–, n = 18), and matched cases histologically positive for tumor cells (LN+, n = 18).

Results

SHP1-P2 methylation of 10.27 ± 4.05% was found in normal tonsils as a lymphoid tissue baseline, whereas it was 61.31 ± 17.00% in microdissected cancer cell controls. In the 3 lymph node groups, the SHP1-P2 methylation levels were 9.99 ± 6.61% for LN N0, 14.49 ± 10.03% for LN- Nx, and 41.01 ± 24.51% for LN+ Nx. The methylation levels for LN- Nx and LN+ Nx were significantly different (P
= 0.0002). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of SHP1-P2 methylation demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.637 in distinguishing LN N0 from LN– Nx.

Conclusions

SHP1-P2 methylation was high in HNSCC, and low in lymphoid tissues. This methylation difference is concordant with lymph node metastasis.
Anatomic variations of coronary arteries: origins, branching patterns, and abnormalities
Authors: Khwansang Natatcha , Chentanez Vilai
Published: September 2019

Background

Anatomic variations in orifices, courses, branching patterns, and abnormalities of coronary arteries could affect blood supply, hemodynamic characteristics, and clinical symptoms, and could be a risk of atherosclerosis.

Objectives

To investigate the location and number of both coronary orifices in the aortic cusps, branching patterns of left main trunk, dominant pattern of posterior interventricular artery (PIA), prevalence of right posterior diagonal artery (RPDA), myocardial bridge, and other abnormalities.

Methods

We dissected 95 heart specimens from cadavers of Thai donors without the history of surgery, and the dominant patterns, location and number of orifices in the aortic cusps, branching patterns, origin and number of conal arteries, and occurrence of RPDA were determined.

Results

Dual aortic origin of the coronary orifice was the most common condition. Anomalous 2 orifices in the left aortic cusp were found in one specimen in which the right coronary artery (RCA) arose from aortic cusp and had an interarterial course. Right dominance and trifurcated form of left main trunk were found more frequently. Most frequently 2 conal arteries were found. RPDA was found in 45% and mostly originated from RCA. The prevalence of myocardial bridge was 62% and located mostly on the anterior interventricular artery (AIA).

Conclusions

The prevalence of right dominance, RPDA, the atypical origin of RCA from the left sinus, and the prevalence of myocardial bridges was more frequent than reported by others, whereas the dual aortic origin from both cusps and the prevalence of bifurcated left main trunk was less frequent.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Navigation of Neurovascular Catheters
Authors: Behr Tobias , Pusch Tim Philipp , Siegfarth Marius , Hüsener Dominik , Mörschel Tobias , Karstensen Lennart
Published: September 2019

Endovascular catheters are necessary for state-ofthe- art treatments of life-threatening and time-critical diseases like strokes and heart attacks. Navigating them through the vascular tree is a highly challenging task. We present our preliminary results for the autonomous control of a guidewire through a vessel phantom with the help of Deep Reinforcement Learning. We trained Deep-Q-Network (DQN) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agents on a simulated vessel phantom and evaluated the training performance. We also investigated the effect of the two enhancements Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) and Human Demonstration (HD) on the training speed of our agents. The results show that the agents are capable of learning to navigate a guidewire from a random start point in the vessel phantom to a random goal. This is achieved with an average success rate of 86.5% for DQN and 89.6% for DDPG. The use of HER and HD significantly increases the training speed. The results are promising and future research should address more complex vessel phantoms and the use of a combination of guidewire and catheter.
Intraoperative Registration of 2D C-arm Images with Preoperative CT Data in Computer Assisted Spine Surgery: Motivation to Use Convolutional Neural Networks for Initial Pose Generator
Authors: Alvarez-Gomez Julio , Roth Hubert , Wahrburg Jürgen
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we present an approach for getting an initial pose to use in a 2D/3D registration process for computer-assisted spine surgery. This is an iterative process that requires an initial pose close to the actual final pose. When using a proper initial pose, we get registrations within two millimeters of accuracy. Consequently, we developed a fully connected neural network (FCNN), which predicts the pose of a specific 2D image within an acceptable range. Therefore, we can use this result as the initial pose for the registration process. However, the inability of the FCNN for learning spatial attributes, and the decrease of the resolution of the images before inserting them in the FCNN, make the variance of the prediction large enough to make some of the predictions entirely out of the acceptable range. Additionally, new researches in deep learning field have shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer high advantages when the inputs of the net are images. We consider that using CNNs can help to improve our results, generalizing the system for a greater variety of inputs, and facilitating the integration with our current workflow. Then we present an outline for a CNN for our application, and some further steps we need to complete to achieve this implementation.
Surface modification of Polydimethylsiloxane by hydrogels for microfluidic applications
Authors: Kemkemer Ralf , Zenghao Zhang , Linxiao Yang , Athanasopulu Kiriaki , Frey Kerstin , Cui Zhishan , Su Haijia , Luo Liu
Published: September 2019

In vitro, hydrogel-based ECMs for functionalizing surfaces of various material have played an essential role in mimicking native tissue matrix. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used to build microfluidic or organ-on-chip devices compatible with cells due to its easy handling in cast replication. Despite such advantages, the limitation of PDMS is its hydrophobic surface property. To improve wettability of PDMS-based devices, alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, was covalently bound to the PDMS surface. This alginate then crosslinked further hydrogel onto the PDMS surface in desired layer thickness. Hydrogel-modified PDMS was used for coating a topography chip system and in vitro investigation of cell growth on the surfaces. Moreover, such hydrophilic hydrogel-coated PDMS is utilized in a microfluidic device to prevent unspecific absorption of organic solutions. Hence, in both exemplary studies, PDMS surface properties were modified leading to improved devices.
Camera-based spatial assessment of perfusion upon stimuli
Authors: Fleischhauer Vincent , Ruprecht Nora , Zaunseder Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Imaging photoplethysmography allows to capture spatio-temporal patterns related to the perfusion. One such approach is based on the analysis of the time delay between pulse waves at different locations by so-called phase maps. There are different ways to establish such maps. However, neither a comparison between existing methods has been published nor has the impact of different stimuli been sufficiently examined until today. In this work, we compare three previously published approaches for the generation of phase maps and investigate the impact of two physiological stimuli on such maps. Our results show pairwise correlation coefficients between the different approaches of phase map generation from r = 0.65 to r = 0.82, indicating substantial differences between maps. The different maps reflect our physiological expectation in varying degrees. Particularly for a weaker (distant) stimulation refinements are needed to reveal characteristic changes.
Medical device innovations for cardiovascular, ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic applications
Authors: Grabow Niels , Senz Volkmar , Schmitz Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2019

The consortium RESPONSE is a cooperation between partners from science and industry within the BMBF-Program “Twenty20 - Partnership for Innovation”, 2014-2021. RESPONSE gives its partners opportunities to put medical device innovations into practice more efficiently. In order to accelerate innovation processes, joint efforts are being made along the entire translation chain. RESPONSE is focusing on the development of novel concepts of implantable medical devices for cardiovascular, ophthalmologic and ENT application. Platform technology approaches are being used to extend the range of device applications. See also: www.response.uni-rostock.de
Tissue biomimicry using cross-linked electrospun nonwoven fibre composites
Authors: Illner Sabine , Arbeiter Daniela , Teske Michael , Khaimov Valeria , Oschatz Stefan , Senz Volkmar , Grabow Niels , Kohse Stefanie , Schmitz Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2019

Mimicking the structural properties of natural tissue was aimed to be achieved by combining complementary mechanical properties of materials showing high tensile strength with those of high elasticity. By using two polymers with different properties, the advantages of both can be combined to access innovative materials for biomedical applications. Dual co-electrospinning was established to generate biocompatible nonwoven fibre composites with fused properties from polyamide (PA6) and polyurethane based silicone elastomers (PU-co-Si), respectively. By electrospinning both compounds simultaneously, significant advantages, such as combining different fibre thicknesses and mechanical properties, are accessible. Furthermore, the effect on the fibres via an optional post-processing step in the shape of different thermal treatments was investigated. Initial results concerning surface morphology, biocompatibility and tensile properties of the obtained electrospun nonwovens are very auspicious. Thus, the suitability of two complementary polymer classes for tissue biomimicry through a synthetic approach was shown, offering the opportunity of novel implant materials for permanent replacement of biological tissue.