bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-QSAR Study on Toxicities of Substituted Phenols against Vibrio Qinghaiensis(Q67)
Authors: Sun Ping , Liu Hui , Zhao Guo Hua , Tan Jun , Wang Fu Yang
Published: December 2012

To investigate the relationships between structures and toxicities of 16 substituted phenols against vibrio qinghaiensis (Q67), 3D-QSAR models were proposed by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA). The results suggest that the steric field of substituted group is the dominating factor for the toxicity. Two obtained models show fine stabilities and predictive abilities. Comaprably, the prediction ability of CoMFA model is slightly more advantageous than that of CoMSIA, which both can be used to predict the toxicity of these kinds of compounds, even to provide further theoretical guide about biological toxic mechanism of substituted phenols.
Study on Forest Eco-Security early Warning in Chang-Zhu-Tan Region Based on the GM (1, 1) Model
Authors: Mao Xu Peng , Chen Cai Hong , Lu Yu , Meng Wei
Published: December 2012

Forest eco-security was the core of ecosystem security. In order to make early warning on the forest eco-security in Chang-Zhu-Tan region, according to the forest eco-security indexes and under the support of MATLAB, a prediction model was constructed to make predictions based on the GM (1, 1) model. The results showed that the forest eco-security comprehensive situation in the study area would be in Safer State from 2012 to 2014 and the situations of the pressure, the state and the response of the forest eco-security would be respectively in Safety State, Relatively Safety State and Alert State. The actual value for evaluating the forest eco-security state was reduced by 15.64% than the predicted value in 2008.
Research for Analysis of Fire Data Based on the Grey Relation
Authors: Cao Wei Fang
Published: December 2012

Based on the statistic data of fire disasters that occurred in China between 2004 to 2008 and selecting six reasons which led to fire disasters and resorting to the theory of grey integrated relational analysis, this paper makes integrated relational analysis and advantage analysis for the given system which is characterized by the total number of disasters, the number of death caused by the fire and the economic loss that the disaster directly led to.The result can be useful when it comes to the research on the law of fire disaster and the fire prevention.
Effects of Hot Environment on Human Oxygen Delivery under Different Labor Intensity
Authors: Sun Yu Ping , Zhu Neng
Published: December 2012

In this study, the blood oxygen saturation of 10 volunteers performing light, medium and heavy physical labors were examined under different climatic conditions in a chamber. The climatic conditions referred to one group of comfort environment (25°C dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity) and three groups of thermal environment (30°C, 35°C, 40°Cdry bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity). The results reveal the blood oxygen saturation of subjects performing same physical labor decreased in different thermal environments, the values within normal variations. The blood oxygen saturation of subjects performing different physical labors decreased in same environmental condition, the values also within normal variations. It shows in conditions of 30~40°C, 90%relative humidity, human bodies under light, medium and heavy physical labors ingested less oxygen compared with the thermal comfort environment. And it indicates the human body oxygen delivery is decreasing and in anaerobic condition in hot environment.
Spatial Distribution and Pollution Risk Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiation in Changchun City
Authors: Gao Yan Wei , Zhu Hong Liang
Published: December 2012

To evaluate the electromagnetic radiation pollution in Changchun City and determine the risk of pollution, the probability theory of extreme value distribution is used to build the computational model of electromagnetic pollution risk and discusses their property according to situation that the current urban growth of electromagnetic energy mainly comes from mobile base stations and radio frequency radiation sources. According to the integrated electric field intensity which monitored from Changchun City’s 442 monitoring station by electromagnetic environment monitoring station in Jilin Province, the risk of electromagnetic pollution in Changchun City probability is calculated, ordinary Kriging method is used to draw the map of Changchun City electromagnetic radiation field strength and calculates electromagnetic pollution risk probability. The result indicates that the electromagnetic environment is safe. The value of electric field strength in the office area is higher than other regions. The map drawing by fuzzy Kriging method is more accurately than the map drawing by ordinary Kriging method.
Study on the Diffusion Properties of Heavy Metal Copper Ion in Sandy Soil in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Zhen Ying , Wu Da Zhi , Cai Qi Mao
Published: December 2012

The diffusion properties of heavy metal copper ion are studied on sandy soil from Xiasha zone, Hangzhou city, China. The sandy soil is put into the large scale reaction tank in the laboratory, then compacted layer, and made to reach the degree of the natural density. The solution with concentration of copper sulfate is added into one end of the reaction tank, then the solution of the copper ion will diffuse into the sandy soil in the self-weight stress. Based on the adsorption content of the copper ion in the sandy, the diffusion regularity of the copper ion in the sandy soil is studied by the analytic test in the laboratory, and the diffusion mechanism of the copper ion is analyzed. Experimental results show that the adsorption contents of the copper ion in the sandy soil decreases with the increasement of the diffusion and the movement distance. Besides, the relationship between the adsorption contents of the heavy metal copper ion in the sandy soil and the diffusion and the movement distance can be formulated as an exponential function.
Application of GIS Technique in Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Li Xu , Xu Zhi Zhen , Qiu Yong Tao , Qi Jin Yan , Tang Shi Chuan
Published: December 2012

The characteristics and function of geographic information system (GIS) technique were summarized and the advantages of GIS application in environmental impact assessment (EIA) were introduced. GIS can provide good function of information technology for EIA, based on its strong ability on processing spatial data and attribute data. The applications of GIS in establishing environmental information database, selecting sites for projects, making environmental thematic map and combining with environmental model to predict environmental impact were introduced. The traffic noise prediction of Beijing Xiwai Street west extension project in EIA report was taken as an example to introduce GIS application in urban road EIA.
The Study on Land Use Disaster Prevention Plan Based on Storm Surge Risk Regionalization in Jiangsu Coastal
Authors: You Zhen , Jiang Qing Feng
Published: December 2012

Jiangsu coastal has the huge development potential. With the development, more and more person and property are exposed. Therefore, to strengthen the disaster prevention and mitigation planning is imperative. The paper analysis the influence factors on the storm surge and completed the storm surge risk regionalization by system clustering method. The results show 7 risk grades in Jiangsu coastal. The Xishu-Dabantiao is the highest risk grade coastal, and the Sheyang estuary-Dongling port is the lowest risk grade coastal. According to the storm surge risk grade and exposed property, with minimum cost, the biggest benefit and full use of existing resource as the basic principle, the paper put forward pertinent planning scheme to prevent storm surge disaster.
Methodological and Empirical Research on Evaluation of Electricity Ecosystem Harmony Development
Authors: Lv Lian Hong , Luo Hong , Zhang Bao Liu
Published: December 2012

The concept of electricity ecosystem and its harmonious development is put forward, to establish the electricity ecosystem harmony evaluation method. An empirical case study in Guangdong province whose results show that, electricity ecosystem is a complex system forming in the interactions among electricity, environment and economy. To achieve harmonious development and maximize the overall ecosystem efficiency, each subsystem should achieve high benefit on the premise. The evaluation index is built to describe the electricity ecosystem harmonious development status, analytic hierarchy process and entropy method are used to solve the weight of index，with improving the precision and reliability of the evaluation results. From 2000 to 2010, the coordination degree of Guangdong electricity ecosystem showed a first decline and then an upward trend, with the nadir in 2004. This electricity ecosystem is in the process of fluctuated evolution from disorder to order.
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Benzoquinone Using Different Cathode Materials
Authors: Zeng Xiao Long , Li Ming Yu , Song Lin , He Bao Yan
Published: December 2012

A photo-electro-chemical (PEC) catalytic reactor with double compartments was designed. Benzoquinone in cathodal compartment was degradated effectively using these different cathodes and the maximum percent degradation was 66.1% using TiO2/Ti thin film cathode fired by 600°C. There was higher concentration of H2O2 and ·OH on TiO2/Ti thin film electrode fired by 600°C than others. Under the optimum condition of constant current at 3.5 mA, initial solution pH at 5.42, reaction time at 60 min, accumulative concentration of H2O2 was 0.35mg·L-1 and ·OH steady state concentration= 2.19×10-14 mol·L-1.
Urban Greenspace Distribution and their Eco-Service Valuation Evaluation for Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Peng Kui
Published: December 2012

Urban greenspace is of the key importance to mitigate negatively environmental effects and balance urban ecology. This article got statistics and distributions of urban greenspaces for China’s Yangtze River Delta by interpolating remote sensing imageries obtained in 2008 and 2009. Then, based on the greenspace statistics and regional characteristics, the eco-service valuation of the urban greenspaces were evaluated using empirical parameters and model. Among 18 types of eco-service statistics in this region, 7 types of them including SO2 absorb, CO2 sequestration and O2 release, microclimate regulation, dust reduction, noise mitigation and sterilization, biodiversity maintain and cultural service were main eco-service functions.
Evaluation of Water Pollution of Hotels Surrounding Dongchang Lakes in Shandong Province of China
Authors: Zhu Ying Bo , Xia Xun Feng , Li Jiong Hua
Published: December 2012

Dongchang Lake is a rare man-made lake in northern China located in western Shandong Province. It comprises of 6 sectional lakes and its total area is about 4.2 km2. But in these years, water pollution, especially from hotels surrounding Dongchang Lakes, had damaged people’s usual life. For solving this problem, we designed relative questionnaire and do investigation respectively in 2010 and 2011. Based on the statistical data and the first national census of pollution sources of urban life source production and emission coefficient manual, the amount of produced and emission about sewage and Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen from hotels were calculated to provide better service for people.
Regulation Based on the Carrying Capacity of the Water Environment and Water Quality Information System Model Research
Authors: Wang Hai Yun , Deng Jie , He Ke , Wang Zhen Hua
Published: December 2012

From the water with its own carrying capacity to solve water pollution problems for the overall idea of the "second five" national environmental monitoring network project as the goal, the amount of data that the water environment and increase the size of most, to make environmental information and data to meet the water environment carrying ability to control the need to establish for the major watershed and the hydrology and water quality requirements of water environment information for Space Data Systems, constitute the basis of water quality information system platform, the scientific use and control of water environment carrying capacity, water, environmental protection goals. In this paper, the concept of carrying capacity of water environment and basic characteristics, carrying capacity of the relationship between the control and information systems, the water capacity of the environment and water quality control information system model to establish research and analysis conducted, combined with China's overall framework for modeling the facts presented.
Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of Xihe River, Shenyang City
Authors: Yang Ji Song , Hu Xiao Jun , Li Xin Xin , Li Hui Ying , Wang Yan
Published: December 2012

Source estimation of heavy metals of Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Bi, Sn and Sb in Xihe River sediment was studied using PCA. The results showed that there were three principal components extracted. Hg, Zn, Bi, Sn and Sb were controlled by Componet1 explaining the sources of material, chemical and pharmacy industries, Cd and Pb controlled by Component2 explaining the sources of smelting and machinery manufacturing industries and also automobile exhaust, and Ba controlled by Component3 explaining the effect of geochemical compositions changes on in the sediments. The results indicated that industry sewage and rock weathering and erosion process were the main sources of heavy metals in the Xihe River sediment.
An Optimal Model for Carbon Dioxide Emission Control in the Low-Carbon Urban Agglomeration Based on Sustainable Development of Economy, Society and Environment (2): A Case Study
Authors: Wang Lun , Sun Zhao , Li Zhuang , Zhao Wen Jin , Li Yu
Published: December 2012

Based on an urban agglomeration regional planning in 12th Five-Year Planning , selected two indicators of carbon intensity, energy intensity that were required by the regional planning, this paper developed an optimal model of low-carbon urban agglomeration on the base of sustainable development of economy, society and environment. The case study shows that the carbon emission level of urban agglomeration is 1.8×107 tons in 2015, and the carbon intensity was decreased by 19.00% and energy intensity was reduced by 39.17% compared with those in 2010; meanwhile, the carbon intensity and energy intensity in the core area was reduced by 40.00% and 41.86% respectively compared with those in 2010 subject to the conditions of carbon intensity, carbon sink area, energy intensity, GDP and so on. The optimized scheme could not only meet the requirements of carbon intensity decreased by 17.00%, energy intensity reduced by 16.00% in 2015 compared with those in 2010 proposed by 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission, but also complied with the requirements of carbon intensity decreased by 18.00% and energy intensity reduced by 20.00% of regional planning targets. The established model also provided more decision-making space for the sustainable development of low-carbon urban agglomeration.
Research of Optimization Scheduling Technology in Environment Emergency Resources Based on GIS
Authors: Jiang Zhong An , Yi Wang , Wen Jing
Published: December 2012

For the actual problem of mine emergency rescue with multi-depot and multi-resource deployment, the article proposed a double constraints resources deployment model based on "shortest travel time" and "minimizing the number of rescuing points", with the use of geographic information system (GIS), making mine emergency rescue optimization scheduling technology more visual and intuitive. Finally, an example illustrates that the model optimized the resource allocation scheme, minimized the numbers of rescuing points, and was successfully applied on the platform of "Non-Coal Mine Emergency Rescue and Control"
The Study of Intelligent Processing Frame to Alarms in Monitoring Center
Authors: Zhu Zhi Jie , Li Jun , Liu Jian Yong , Jiang Hong Cheng
Published: December 2012

With the build of Monitoring Center in our country, a great of signals are uploaded from many substations which are located on every corner. When an abnormal or a grid fault in Power System happens, lots of signals come out, then many operators on duty can’t often react quickly and judge the fault accurately.Recently，more and more scholars begin studying intelligent alarm processing system. In this paper, by analyzing signals characters and SCADA network of Monitoring Center, an intelligent processing frame to alarms in monitoring center is provided, the frame includes three layers named signals foundation treatment layer, signals connecting and sharing layer, signals intelligent diagnosis layer. Now the frame has been implemented successfully in Monitoring Center of our company. At the same time, based on an virtual signals software, lots of devices alarms and grid faults are simulated, this intelligent processing system, which are built on the frame, always show the alarm tip quickly. Facts prove it attributes to grid fault judge for operators of Monitoring Center.
Study on Co-Combustion of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Corn Stalk
Authors: Liu Hong Peng , Li Wei Yi , Wang Xu Dong , Xu Hao , Chen Guan Yi , Wang Qing
Published: December 2012

Co-combustion experiment of oil shale semi-coke and corn stalk at different blend ratios was performed using thermogravimetric analyzer. The influence of different blend ratios has been studied. The combustion characteristics are obtained under the heating rates of 20oC/min and the experimental temperature range of 40-850oC. The combustion process of the blends is divided into three stages: low-temperature stage, transition stage and high-temperature stage. With the increasing of corn stalk in the blends, the reaction of combustion mainly shifts from high-temperature stage to low-temperature stage, and there is no obvious change for the ignition temperature, but the burn out temperature comes down. The combustion kinetics parameters of the blends were analyzed using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model. The result shows that the activation energy of the volatile matter stage increases and the activation energy of semi-coke combustion stage decreases. The combustion characteristics of the oil shale semi-coke get improved significantly with the mixture of corn stalk.
Co-Combustion Characteristics of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Corn Stalk
Authors: Liu Hong Peng , Wang Xu Dong , Jia Chun Xia , Zhao Wei Zhen , Wang Qing
Published: December 2012

The combustion experiments of oil shale semi-coke and corn stalk mixtures were conducted using thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the advance ignition and burnout can be achieved when semi-coke is mixed with corn stalk. The influence of different blend ratios has been studied, and the combustion characteristics were obtained. Comprehensive combustion characteristics get improved with the increase of corn stalk proportion in the mixture. The interaction of mixture in the combustion process occurs mainly in 400-600oC. It can be explained that the combustion of fixed carbon in corn stalk is delayed. What is more, TG curves were simulated by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The result shows the feasibility of using Weibull distribution to simulate the TG curves of co-combustion.
Research of Ageing and Life Assessment Methods of Power Transformers in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Yang Cheng Feng
Published: December 2012

The effective methods of the ageing and life assessment for large and medium-sized power transformers used in nuclear power plants are analyzed and described, including the thermal ageing life assessment method for transformer solid insulation, the gas analysis method of CO and CO2 in the transformer oil, the average degree of polymerization method, furfural content analysis method, and the analysis method based on the insulation ageing-related electrical parameters. The analysis results show that the methods used can reasonably assess the remaining life of the transformers. These methods have important reference value to the ageing and life management for the large and medium-sized power transformers in nuclear power plants.
Pyrolysis Characteristics of Oil Sands
Authors: Jia Chun Xia , Wang Qing , Zhang Xin Yu , Wang Yin
Published: December 2012

Three oil sand samples from Indonesia have been non-isothermally pyrolysed on thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The analyses were performed at different heating rates (5, 15 and 25oC/min) up to 850oC with nitrogen as purge gas. The weight loss curve shows that the main pyrolysis of oil sand takes place in the range of 200~600oC. On the basis of experimental data, a pyrolysis kinetic model was proposed. The kinetic parameters of activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were obtained by Integral Method. There is no clear relationship between activation energy and heating rate.
Research on Aging Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Hydrogenated Transformer Oil
Authors: Ouyang Xu Dong , Qian Yi Hua , Su Wei , Huang Yi Bin
Published: December 2012

Under the condition of Baader aging, the chemical composition variation and the effect of transformer oil aging on electrical properties such as dielectric loss factor and physic-chemical properties such as kinematic viscosity were studied during aging. Moreover, the correlation between hydrogenated transformer oil electrical and physic-chemical properties and its chemical composition variation were investigated.
On-Line Condition Monitoring for Power Transformers Based on UHF PD Measurements
Authors: Liu Ming Jun , Zou Jian Zhang , Zhou Qiu Kuan , Li Yang Lin , Yan Nian Ping
Published: December 2012

An on-line monitoring system based on ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) measurements was developed for power transformers. The UHF PD signals were coupled by a UHF sensor and preprocessed by peak envelope detection technique. The system has high sensitivity, strong ability of interference suppression and well real-time capability according to the simulated experiment in lab and field test of a power transformer. Experimental results showed that the forepart PD faults could be discovered by the analysis of UHF PD signals. The on-line monitoring system has already been applied on a power transformer for years.
Study on Factors Influencing Pulverized Coal Ignition Time
Authors: Gou Xiang , Wu Jin Xiang , Liu Lian Sheng , Wang En Yu , Zhou Jun Hu , Liu Jian Zhong , Cen Ke Fa
Published: December 2012

Pulverized coal ignition time is one of crucial parameters in coal ignition process. Based on a general heat absorption equation without chemical reaction, this study was focused on some crucial factors which influence pulverized coal ignition time to theoretically explain the mechanism of heat absorption of pulverized coal. The influences of recirculated flue gas (RFG) temperature, flame temperature, primary air temperature, and coal particle diameter on ignition time were discussed. The importance of radiation heat and convection heat was analyzed. The results show that the higher temperatures of RFG, flame, and primary air can lead to the shorter ignition time respectively. The increase of the coal particle diameter greatly increases the ignition time, and as the diameter goes up, the amount of the ignition delay becomes greater. For high accuracy of ignition time calculation, both radiation heat and convection heat should be taken into account. When flame temperature is very high and RFG temperature is very low, radiation is the dominant factor, otherwise convection is more crucial.
Research of the Undervoltage Tripper with Overvoltage Protection Function
Authors: Chi Chang Chun , Hu Lin Fang , Wu Yi
Published: December 2012

The undervoltage tripper is a protection accessory of the low voltage apparatus and can turn off the circuit-breaker automatically when the power occurs lowering out off the given range. As a result of electrical network quality and manufacture procedure and so on, the failure rate of the circuit-breaker’s undervoltage tripper is high and always solved difficultly. This paper proposes one kind of adaptive undervoltage tripper with overvoltage protection function. It can adapt the supply voltage change automatically, absorb overvoltage, block the undervoltage tripper’s coil voltage, cause the operating region of the undervoltage tripper without high voltage dead area and improve the circuit-breaker work’s reliability.
Contrast of Two Shearing Mode for Imaging Polarimeter
Authors: Li Zheng Guo , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2012

We contrast two shearing mode of the snapshot imaging polarimeter. The numerical simulation proves that the carrier frequency and the spatial resolution of the axial shearing is twice higher than those of the diagonal shearing. This will provide the guidance for our design of the optical instrument.
An Optimization Design Method for Differential-Based Coupling Power-Slit Device
Authors: Yu Xiang Jun , Wang Ji Xin , Yao Ming Yao , Yao Zong Wei
Published: December 2012

For a typical Full-hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) layout, such as Toyota Prius, the power-slit device (PSD) is a key component. Determination of volume or weight of a PSD is an important issue in preliminary design of power transmission applications. The purpose of this paper is to preliminary design of PSD gear drives by minimizing volume of gear trains. A stochastic approach Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to a differential-based coupling PSD design problem. Static and dynamic penalty functions were introduced to the objective function for handling the design constraints. The calculation of quadratic mean deviation and dynamic bounding parameter values such as determination of crossover and mutation parameter values were adopted to ensure the convergence of the fitness function. The optimized design method based on GA produced quite well results, which promptly supplied preliminary design parameters of gear drives for differential-based coupling PSD design.
Research on the Application of Transformer Vibration Model in the Detection of Turn-to-Turn Short-Circuit Fault
Authors: Wu Xu Tao , Yan Zhen Hua , Ji Sheng Chang
Published: December 2012

The magnitude of transformer vibration is influenced by that of voltage and current, which might lead to the wrong results in detecting the fault of core and winding by vibration analysis method. Based on the generation machnism of vibration signal, a transformer tank model was presented in this paper. It concerned about the relationship between the vibration (core vibration and winding vibration) and the operating parameter (voltage and current). The experiments were conducted in lab under different voltage and current, and then the vibration model was set up. Furthermore, this vibration model was also used to detect the simulated turn-to-turn short-circuit fault on windings. By comparing the vibration magnitude calculated by the model with the measured one, the defect condition of transformer was confirmed, which verifies that the vibration model presented in paper is effective.
A Novel MPPT Method Based on the Synthesis of Quasi-Sliding Mode Control and Dynamic Equivalent Impedance Matching Method
Authors: Zhai Xiao Jun , Zhang Han Qing , Su Jing Ren , Wu Jian Hua
Published: December 2012

A systematic procedure to synthesize dynamic equivalent impedance matching method (EIM) based on the quasi-sliding mode control (QSMC) is presented. Aiming at the existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods’ limitation on the dynamic response, control accuracy and robustness, in this paper, with a boost converter used, QSMC is introduced on the basis of EIM and the synthesis (EIM&QSMC) which not only improves the tracking speed and accuracy, but also further enhances the robustness. The simulation results show that compared with EIM, on the condition of load impedance and illumination change, the synthesis improves the MPPT system on the ability to adapt the circuit parameter variation, which has better control effect and practical significance. The design and the models are validated by Matlab / Simulink simulations.
Distributed Generation Optimal Planning Approach Based on the Planning Platform of the Distribution Network
Authors: Meng Xiao Fang , Wang Ying Nan , Wang Li Di , Wang Jue
Published: December 2012

For optimal planning distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network well, this paper proposed the approach to optimal configuration DG on the distribution planning platform(DPP). This paper analyzed the zone selection for placement DGs, and built the selective zone’s network on the DPP. The site and size of DG was determined according to the node priority, the annual minimum electric power loss and maximum economic benefit. Moreover, the power flow was calculated after and before placing DGs, and the results were showed on the DPP, which included power flow, node voltage, and the siting and sizing of DG. By the planning DG results under different load instance, it is more intuitive to analyze the node voltage, branch flow and loss, and to observe the site and size of DG on the DPP. The method provides the necessary support of data and technology to optimal planning DG.
Nonlinear Numerical Simulation on Galloping of Twin Bundle Conductor Considering the Wake Effect
Authors: Zhan Xue Ping , Liu Ya Duo , Liu Bin , Zhu Kuan Jun
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the models of the multi-bundled conductors are constructed by finite element method. The wake effect of aerodynamic parameter of sub-conductor of the windward side relative to the leeward side is studied. The numerical results are given by using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Similarly, the proposed model can be added to the different aerodynamic loads on each individual sub-conductor of a bundle conductor during the simulation of galloping. Thus the numerical results are much closer to the actual movement of galloping and provide a useful reference for anti-galloping.
Experimental Simulation on Aerodynamic Character of D-Shaped Iced Conductor
Authors: Li Xin Min , Zhu Kuan Jun , Liu Bin
Published: December 2012

The dynamics force of iced-conductor is the driving force of galloping; its variation is depended on the aerodynamic character of iced conductor. The aerodynamic character of iced conductor is the key factor of galloping of iced-conductor, but the result of theoretically analysis and numerical simulation isn’t suited for the requirement of transmission line project. In the paper, basing on the theoretically analysis and numerical simulation, the simulation tests in wind tunnel of D-shaped iced conductor is stetted up and put into practice under different wind speed and iced thickness, and then the systemic study is carried into execution. The result of research is indicated that there is a better coherence between the numerical simulation and experiment test, and the variation rules of parameters is obvious with the different iced thickness, the result of numerical simulation is the beneficial supplement to the experiment test. The result can not only provide the original date for the galloping analysis, but also validate the affectivity of numerical simulation, support the research of mechanism and control of galloping.
Rolling Mill AGC Control System Design Based on Auto Disturbance Rejection Controller
Authors: Zhang Guang Rui , Xu Yu , Yang Yong
Published: December 2012

Be aimed at the difficulty problems that entrance variation in thickness and hardness variation change a lot、back-up roll deflection、roller thermal expansion、the variation of lubricating fluid and flow compensation indeterminacy of servo mechanism in the system of steel plate strip, anti-interference controller is applied to rolling mill AGC control system for the first time in this paper. Theory analysis and simulation experiment demonstrate that rolling mill AGC based on Auto Disturbance Rejection controller can solve the above difficulty problems which convention rolling mill AGC control system can’t solve, the proposed system possess excellent dynamic property and static state property.
Study on Gas/particle Flows in a Down-Fired Boiler with Swirl Burners: Influence of Different Outer Secondary Air Vane Angle
Authors: Fan Su Bo , Zhu Qun Yi , Zhu Xing Ying , Li Zheng Qi
Published: December 2012

The gas-solid multi-phase flow is measured in a 300MW down-fired bolier cold model with swirl burners by two-dimensional phase Doppler velocimetry(PDA), concluded the influence of different outer secondary air vane angles on the multi-phase flow characteristics in the furnace. For vane angles of 25°, the vertical direction average velocity is high and fluctuating velocity is low, the reach of the downward airflow is deeper, primary air and secondary air mix slowly, the horizontal direction average velocity is high and fluctuating velocity is low, solid phased particles spread slowly and mix with the rewind air weakly, this is against to the ignition of pulverized coal. For vane angles of 35°, the vertical direction average velocity decrease and decay faster, fluctuating velocity increase slightly, the horizontal direction average velocity and fluctuating velocity increased slightly, solid phased particles spread quickly and mixed with the rewind air quickly, the ignition of pulverized coal increase. For vane angles of 55°, the recirculation zone appear in the burner nozzle region, the vertical direction fluctuating velocity increase significantly, average velocity decrease and decay quickly, the downward airflow turn upwards before mixing with gas, the horizontal direction average velocity high and fluctuating velocity is higher, solid phased particles spread more quickly, mixed with the rewind air more quickly, this will erode the water wall and throat, cause the water wall slagging. Considering various factors, the best outer secondary air vane angle is 35° in the operation of boiler.
Numerical Simulation of a New Adjustable Mixer
Authors: Nie Xin , Ding Lin Xiang , Yang Ding Guo , Chen Li Bo , Pan Hua Chen
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces a new mixing equipment. The numerical simulation and experiment have been done on the internal flow field and mixing effect of the new mixer and for a conventional Kenics static mixer. The exit mixing uniformity is used as an indicator to evaluate the two mixers’ mixing effect. For the adjustable mixer, when the blades angle increases, the mixing uniformity increases. But when absolute value of the angle passed 30°, the rate of increasing begins to slow down. For avoiding too much flow resistance in high workload, the new mixer’s blades rotating angle should be within ±30°. The production of high strength large scale shear eddies on the wake behind the swirl blades in the adjustable mixer is the key for the effective mixing of flocculant and raw water. According to the numerical simulation and industrial experiments, the new adjustable mixer not only can adjust blade angle to fit different working conditions, but also can quickly mix the raw water with flocculant in the pipe behind the blades. The new mixer’s mixing speed and mixing effect are both obviously better than the conventional Kenics static mixer.
Laser Cleaning of Neutral Attenuator Plate Based on Low Power Laser Diode
Authors: Gan Xin Ji , Chen Yan , Li Lin
Published: December 2012

Laser cleaning is a non-contact, green and environmental cleaning method, which can effectively remove particulate contaminations of sizes as small as 0.1 μm without damage to the optics. But most laser cleaning devices are large and heavy, also expensive due to using large lasers such as CO2 laser, YAG Laser etc. In this work a low power LD was tried to clean fingerprint and dust contaminated on the surface of the attenuator glasses plates. In the laser cleaning experiment with low power diode the fingerprint grease can be efficient to be cleaned, but there is no evident effect for cleaning inorganic dust. The cleaning different degree of fingerprint contaminations was investigated at the variable laser parameters, including laser power and irradiation time. An optical microscope was used to analyze the cleaning effect. The results show that low power LD can effectively remove the fingerprint on the surface of absorptive-type attenuator glass plates. On the premise that the attenuator optics glasses are not damaged, the cleaning area increases with the increase of radiation time and laser power. The cleaning area doesn't change much with the variation of laser frequency when the other parameters are the same.
Implementation and Design of High PSRR Low Dropout Regulator
Authors: Lee Min Chin , Hsieh Ming Chia , Hu Chi Jing
Published: December 2012

As the progress with all kinds of mixed-mode signal circuits, the requirements of power management become increasingly stringent. Therefore it takes all kinds of high-performance linear regulator to produce a very clean and stable voltage. Here cascading technique is used to increase the output impedance in this architecture. The output voltage is less susceptible to variation of input voltage, resulting in a clean and stable voltage which is used the operating voltage of internal circuits in a mixed-mode signal integrated circuit chip. This paper using the TSMC 0.35μm CMOS 2P4M process to implement the design of high PSRR LDO regulator, having chip area, 1.34 mW consumption power. The chip supply voltage can from 2.9V to 3.3V with -106dB and -65dB PSRR at 1KHz and 100KHz, and its output voltage can stable at 1.2V and less than 2.4mV ripple voltage at maximum loading current 20 mA.
Highly Heat-Dissipating and High-Voltage SOI-LDMOS Power Device
Authors: Yang Xiao Ming , Cai Yu , Li Tian Qian
Published: December 2012

A highly heat-dissipating and high-voltage SOI-LDMOS power device is proposed. Its substrate was selectively etched, like the Camsemi SOI, so breakdown voltage was decided only by lateral breakdown voltage. A p-type layer and a Si3N4 buried layers were introduced into the new structure for lowering specific on-resistance and temperature. The simulation results show that breakdown voltage is 747 V at the 37 μm length of the drift region, and specific on-resistance and maximum surface temperature are reduced by 94.48% and 15.43% than those of Camsemi SOI, respectively.
Research on Calculation Method of Jumper Conductor in Overhead Power Transmission Line
Authors: Niu Hai Jun , Wang Jing Chao , Dong Yu Ming , Zhou Li Xian , Li Xin Min
Published: December 2012

On basis of considering influence of rigidity, elastic module, unit weight and section area etc conductor parameters on the jumper conductor, establish the mathematic model of the jumper conductor on basis of Cosserat bar theory, operate MATLAL and call VC++ Compiler to complete research and development of the jumper conductor length calculation software. Through test simulation of the jumper conductor and Xiangjiaba -Shanghai ±800kV DC engineering application, calculate sag and design sag with software which have good consistence, reduce high height operation time and reduce waste of jumper conductor, realize the standardized design and construction of the jumper conductor, which has good application prospect.
Thermal Calculation on SAGD Steam Delivery System
Authors: Yang Jian Ping , Yang Li Qiang , Lin Ri Yi
Published: December 2012

A flowing and heat transfer model of superheated steam has been established. Thermal calculation of high-quality wet steam injectors of Du84-54-160 and Du84-60-58 in Block Shu-1 and data analysis of part of the pipelines of SAGD-2# steam injection station have been completed with this model. The results and the actual data match very well with each other.
The Research on Ant Colony Algorithm-Neural Networks Model in Fault Diagnosis of Asynchronous Motor
Authors: Cheng Jia Tang , Ai Li , Xu Shao Kun
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis of asynchronous motor, neural network model combined with ant colony algorithm is presented. Taken the mean square error as objective function, then the weights and threshold values are optimized through multiple generation computation of ant colony, and the fault diagnosis is accomplished via the optimized neural network. The simulation results show that the algorithm is to overcome the slow convergence, easy to fall into local minimum problem of BP network, and achieve good diagnosis.
Single Defect in Finite one Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Xu Gang , Sun Yun
Published: December 2012

Applying transfer matrix method, we get reflection and transmission coefficient of finite one dimensional photonic crystals. At the same time, we consider the position influence of single defect. We find the frequency of defect mode is same, but the height of transmission peak is not same when single defect is in different position of crystal. The transmission peak is maximum when the defect is in center of finite one dimensional photonic crystals.
Discussion on Security Protection Technology of Smart Distribution Grid
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Bin , Chen Qi Chu , Lin Jing Yi
Published: December 2012

Smart distribution grid is an open grid, in the process of its deployment must be fully consider its safety problems. Based on the technical system and features of smart distribution grid, the security of smart distribution grid is divided into three levels, smart distribution grid may be the emergence of new safety issues, from data acquisition and processing, information transmission and information applications, this paper expounded on the security technology of the future smart distribution grid.
Research of the Maintenance Scheduling Optimization Considering the Grid Risk
Authors: Dong Lei , Wu Jun , Pu Tian Jiao , Zhou Hai Ming
Published: December 2012

At present the research of power grid maintenance scheduling is mostly focused on reducing the maintenance costs or improving the reliability, which ignores the potential risk of power grid during repairing to a certain extent. Considering the potential risks of power grid and users fully, a new optimization model is built here. The model’s objective function is the minimum of the comprehensive risk cost caused by maintenance, the constraint conditions are list as synchronous overhaul, mutually exclusive overhaul, security checking and resource requirement and so on. The improved particle swarm algorithm is chosen to achieve a better convergence here. The analysis of the RBTS system example verifys the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.
Overview on Micro-Grid Technology
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Shang Bin , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2012

In this paper the connotation and the different definition of micro-grid were expounded, the basic structure of micro-grid was described, and the key technologies of smart grid were expatiated on. Finally, the directions for future research in our country of micro-grid are elucidated.
Design and Application of New Merging Unit Based on Dual CPU
Authors: Han Ying , Mu Long Hua , Zhuang Wei
Published: December 2012

For the increasing development of smart grid and the basic requirements of smart substations for digital information, networked communication platform and standardized information sharing, it’s very necessary to do research on the merging unit, which is the important equipment in process layer of substations. In order to adapt to the development of smart substations, according to IEC61850-9-2 standards, a new merging unit based on dsPIC30F6014 and STM32F107 is designed in this paper and each function module is designed and analyzed. DsPIC is responsible for data receiving and processing and the controlling of logical state. STM32F107 is responsible for the synchronization of merging unit and Ethernet communication. Time-synchronization based on IEEE1588 precision time protocol is especially introduced in this paper.
Bi-Objective Power Dispatch on Micro-Grid System Using Improved Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Hu Fei Hu , Zhang Ji Ze , Ma Bei Long , Liu Lu Lu
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a micro-grid power dispatch network is built up, and a real-number-coded genetic algorithm is adapted and proposed to solve the bi-objective dispatch problem, which is to minimize both fuel cost and production cost simultaneously. By using hybrid factors, we turn the two objectives into a single one, and then solve it by the improved genetic algorithm. Test results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The Use of Distributed Energy Storage System in Smart Power Distribution and Utilization Park
Authors: Xi Yang Yang , Yang Yu Feng
Published: December 2012

With the development of smart grid, smart power distribution and utilization park (hereinafter referred to as Park) is also accelerating the building. Distributed energy storage system (DESS）as important energy system of Park, the development has an important impact on the construction of Park. This article briefly introduces both of DESS and Park, focuses on the use of DESS in Park and analyzes the deficiencies in the use of DESS at home and abroad.
Internet of Things Based Auxiliary Control System for Smart Substation
Authors: Wang Jia Hui , Li Xiang Zhen , Lu Rui Ting , Sun Feng Jie
Published: December 2012

In order to solve the present situation that auxiliary facilities in substation separate from each other and unable to achieve intelligent interactive features, this paper presents the smart substation auxiliary control system based on the IoT (Internet of Things). The system monitors and controls the production auxiliary system of substation, and in the background using IEC61850 communication protocol to achieve the auxiliary production system internal and mutual coordination linkage and information remote transmission. The system integrates all the substation auxiliary facilities, including video monitoring subsystem, security subsystem, lighting subsystem, power supply subsystem and auxiliary system optimal control subsystem, providing smart substation of informatization, automation and interaction auxiliary support.
Microgrid Fault Analysis Based on Multiple Distributed Generations
Authors: Ye Xue Shun , Zhou Long , Tang Xi Sheng
Published: December 2012

A microgrid is composed of multiple distributed generations (DGs).The amplifier and directions of micro-grid power are quite stochastic with the existence of the DGs. It results in great challenges on the adaptability and coordinate issue of protection. The mathematical and simulation models of photovoltaic, AWTG (asynchronous wind turbine generations), DEG (diesel engine generation) and energy storage are established and a typical microgrid containing multiple DGs is also introduced in this paper. It is demonstrated that the transient behavior of microgrid during fault depends mainly on the penetration level of different type of DGs. The simulation results verified that the transient characteristics of fault can provide theoretical basis for the protection of microgrid.
Economic Dispatch of the Microgrid with Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yang Zan , Zhang You Bing , Tong Su Fen , Weng Guo Qing
Published: December 2012

Microgrids (MGs), which can operate either interconnected or isolated from the bulk grid as one controlled entity, are low voltage distribution networks comprising various distributed generators (DGs), storage devices and loads. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem of a MG power system. Vehicles plugged into the MG can be used as mobile storage devices, which supply power to the MG system when the load is in the peak. The experimental results show that the plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) can improve the economic of the MG system.
District Energy Development: Optimal Selection of CCHP System Scheme
Authors: Shao Zong Yi , Wang Hong Lian
Published: December 2012

According to the energy strategy of China, CCHP system in district heating as the main research object, on a project’s three schemes with the multi-objective optimization method to establish the function evaluation model, quantification and calculate the evaluation index, compare the distance of the scheme from ideal point, finally selecting the optimization scheme.