bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NHỮNG ĐIỀU CHỈNH TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH AN NINH - QUỐC PHÒNG CỦA NHẬT BẢN THỜI GIAN GẦN ĐÂY VÀ MỘT SỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN CẤU TRÚC AN NINH KHU VỰC CHÂU Á - THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Công
Published: May 2024

Với mong muốn sớm trở thành cường quốc “toàn diện” trong bối cảnh cạnh tranh chiến lược tại khu vực châu Á - Thái Bình Dương ngày càng trở nên gay gắt kể từ thập niên đầu của thế kỷ XXI, Nhật Bản đã diễn giải lại Hiến pháp nhằm dần hợp pháp hóa quân đội. Trước sự trỗi dậy mạnh mẽ về quân sự của Trung Quốc cũng như sức mạnh toàn cầu của Mỹ suy giảm, Nội các Nhật Bản thông qua bốn văn bản quan trọng nhất về An ninh quốc phòng, gồm Chiến lược An ninh quốc gia, Đại cương Kế hoạch Phòng vệ, Chương trình Phòng vệ trung hạn (tháng 12/2022), Sách trắng quốc phòng 2023 (tháng 7/2023), qua đó tăng gấp đôi ngân sách quốc phòng lên 2% GDP, tuyên bố sở hữu khả năng tấn công ra bên ngoài. Cả bốn văn kiện này đều mở đường cho việc hiện đại hóa và tăng cường rõ rệt tiềm lực quân sự và quốc phòng của Nhật Bản để đảm bảo an ninh quốc gia và nâng cao vai trò, ảnh hưởng về chính trị - an ninh tại khu vực và trên thế giới. Động thái này này có thể tạo ra tiền đề thúc đẩy Nhật Bản trở lại gần hơn với sức mạnh quân sự trước Chiến tranh thế giới (CTTG) thứ hai, kích hoạt chạy đua vũ trang, tác động đa chiều đến cấu trúc an ninh khu vực châu Á - Thái Bình Dương. Nghiên cứu này nhằm làm rõ nguyên nhân và nội dung của những điều chỉnh trong chính sách an ninh - quốc phòng của Nhật Bản thời gian gần đây, các tác động của sự điều chỉnh này đối với cấu trúc an ninh khu vực châu Á - Thái Bình Dương. Qua đó, tác giả đưa ra một số khuyến nghị chính sách phù hợp đối với Việt Nam trong thực hiện đường lối đối ngoại, an ninh - quốc phòng, cũng như nhiệm vụ bảo vệ độc lập, chủ quyền, thống nhất và toàn vẹn lãnh thổ.
Methods and techniques of forming the perceptions and motivation of English teachers
Authors: Markabatkyzy Nuray , Seitova Meruert
Published: May 2024

The article explores the dynamic methodologies and strategies used to shape perceptions and enhance motivation among English teachers. Recognizing the crucial role educators play in language acquisition and proficiency, it provides a comprehensive review of innovative methods designed to invigorate and empower these teachers. The study incorporates interdisciplinary perspectives from psychology, pedagogy, and cognitive sciences to examine approaches like positive reinforcement, professional development programs, peer collaboration, and technology integration. It also assesses the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on teacher efficacy and classroom dynamics. By integrating empirical research and best practices, the article offers valuable insights for educational stakeholders aiming to create a vibrant and engaging learning environment for teachers and students alike.
Enhancing Irrigated Land Use Efficiency in Southern Kazakhstan's Agricultural Sectors
Authors: Usaeva Aigerim
Published: May 2024

This study aims to improve the efficiency of irrigated land use in the agricultural sectors of southern Kazakhstan. This region is known for its significant contribution to the nation's agricultural output. Recognizing the challenges posed by suboptimal water management practices and the increasing effects of climate change, this research takes a multidisciplinary approach to propose sustainable agricultural practices. We conducted an empirical analysis over a three-year period, comparing current irrigation techniques with the implementation of innovative water-saving technologies. The study also evaluates the socio-economic impacts of improved irrigation practices on local farming communities. Preliminary results indicate that the use of precision irrigation systems can greatly reduce water wastage and increase crop yields. Additionally, the research highlights the crucial role of farmer education and cooperative management structures in achieving sustainable water use. By combining technological advancements with community-based management, this study provides a scalable model for optimizing irrigated land use that could be replicated throughout Central Asia. The findings aim to contribute to policy discussions on sustainable agriculture in arid regions, emphasizing the importance of tailored solutions that address both environmental and socio-economic factors.
Legal Frameworks for the Assessment of Agricultural Lands
Authors: Zhumataeva Madina
Published: May 2024

This study examines the legal frameworks governing the assessment of agricultural lands, focusing on the challenges and implications of existing regulations and suggesting improvements for more effective land management. Assessing agricultural land is crucial for determining its value, taxation, and eligibility for government subsidies, which directly impacts agricultural productivity and sustainability.The research methodology involves a comparative analysis of legislation in different jurisdictions, highlighting best practices and identifying gaps in current legal frameworks. Through this analysis, the study addresses how legal provisions align with the practical needs of agricultural development and land conservation, as well as discussing the impact of these laws on farmers, landowners, and the broader economic landscape.Key findings reveal that many existing laws are outdated and do not adequately accommodate modern agricultural practices or the challenges posed by climate change. The study also identifies a lack of consistency in the application of these laws, leading to disparities in land assessment and management across regions.Recommendations include integrating advanced geographic information systems (GIS) for more precise land valuation, adopting environmentally sustainable practices in legal criteria, and enhancing legal clarity to reduce administrative burdens on landowners.This research is intended for policymakers, legal experts, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector. It provides a comprehensive overview of the legal issues surrounding agricultural land assessment and proposes actionable solutions to enhance the effectiveness of these legal frameworks. By reforming agricultural land assessment laws, countries can better support their agricultural sectors, promoting economic stability and sustainable development.
Okul Müdürlerinin Kuantum Liderlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Mardin İli Örneği
Authors: Karadaş Halil , Isırgan Rıdvan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin görüşlerine dayanarak, okul müdürlerinin kuantum liderlik yetkinliklerinin gerçekleştirme düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2023-2024 akademik yılında, Mardin’de görevli 470 öğretmen, bu çalışmanın örneklem grubunu teşkil etmektedir. Fakat kontrol maddesini 94 kişi yanlış olarak cevapladığından bu formlar değerlendirimediği için geriye kalan 376 form ile veriler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, nicel bir araştırma yöntemi olan anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Anket formu, iki bölüme ayrılmıştır: İlk kısımda katılımcıların demografik özellikleri yer alırken, ikinci kısım Konan ve Mermer, 2021 tarafından oluşturulan "Kuantum Liderlik Ölçeği"ne ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına, okul müdürlerinin kuantum liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeylerine göre öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin kuantum liderlik yetkinliklerine genel olarak pozitif bir bakış açısıyla yaklaştıklarını belirtmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, öğretmenlerin kuantum liderlik davranışları hakkındaki görüşlerinde, öğretim kademesi, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi ve görev ünvanı gibi değişkenler açısından belirgin bir fark bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Ancak, mesleki deneyim ve mevcut okul müdürüyle çalışma süresi gibi faktörlerde anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. 0-5 yıl ve 16 yıl veya daha fazla mesleki tecrübeye sahip öğretmenler arasındaki karşılaştırmada, 0-5 yıl tecrübeye sahip öğretmenlerin, kuantum liderlik düzeyleri konusunda daha olumlu görüş bildirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, 11-15 yıl ve 16 yıl veya daha fazla tecrübeye sahip öğretmenler arasındaki karşılaştırmada ise, 11-15 yıl tecrübeye sahip öğretmenlerin lehine bir farklılık olduğu ve bu grup öğretmenlerin, kuantum liderlik düzeyleri konusunda daha yüksek katılım gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Mevcut müdürle çalışma süresine göre öğretmenler karşılaştırıldığında, 1 yıldan daha kısa süre mevcut müdürle çalışmış öğretmenlerin, müdürlerin kuantum liderlik düzeylerini 3-4 yıl ve 5 yıldan daha fazla çalışanlara göre daha olumlu değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür.
Zeynep Gül KÜÇÜK, Mardin Çevresinde Süryaniler
Authors: Efeoğlu Eyyüp
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, Zeynep Gül Küçük tarafından kaleme alınan Mardin Çevresinde Süryaniler adlı kitabın değerlendirmesini içermektedir
Formation of automated technology for managing car flows during international transportation
Authors:   Non-Government Organization ", Baulina Hanna ,   Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: May 2024

Розглянуто особливості технології роботи прикордонних станцій при здійсненні міжнародних перевезень. Формалізовано технологію функціонування прикордонної перевантажувальної станції у вигляді оптимізаційної моделі, що дозволить визначити оптимальну партію контейнерів, що сформована у прикордонному транспортнологістичному центрі (ПТЛЦ) для відправлення до станції призначення.
ATTITUDE TOWARD MENTAL ILLNESS: A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY
Authors: Talib Uroosa , Mehmood Nasir , Ahmed Ashfaque , Tariq Qudsia
Published: May 2024

Background: Publics’ attitudes and approach towards mental illness highly influence their behaviors in the way they treat, support, and help a person facing challenges of mental illness.
Objective: The present study envisioned to assess the literate and informally educated community person’s attitude toward mental illness and mentally ill patients in Karachi, Pakistan.
 Methods: The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the present study. Data was collected from various areas of Karachi city, using the attitude Scale for Mental Illness (ASMI), which has also been used in several studies worldwide. A total of 189 community-literate and informal educated people were recruited from different areas.
 Results: On the Separatism, Restrictiveness, and Stereotyping sub-scales, similar positive results of literate people and informal educated people agreed with the statement. Significant differences were found in the Pessimistic Prediction sub-scale. A higher percentage of informal educated people (72.5%) than literate (51.2%) felt (χ2=8.204, p<0.005). Stigmatization sub-scale: it’s a pleasant response that more than two-thirds of literate (74.1%) and informal educated people (79%) disagree. On the Benevolence sub-scale: almost half of the literate (45.6%) and more than half of informal educated community people  (61.3%) also agreed that ‘people are prejudiced towards people with mental illness’ (χ2=8.103, p<0.357).
Conclusion: literate and informal educated people were showing similar positive attitudes on some subscales towards people with a mental illness but on some subscales, both groups were showing negative attitudes toward people with mental illness. There is scope for further research including examining the effects of educational interventions.
Otto Von Bismarck: The Chief Architect of Germany
Authors: Pitafi Ghulam Murtaza
Published: May 2024

The cultivation of a distinct cultural identity within the German Empire was achieved through a deliberate process of Germanization, targeting both Germans and racial communities. This cultural assimilation granted Germany dominance over non-Germanic languages. The transformative era witnessed comprehensive reforms that propelled Germany to a position of prominence in military, economic, and societal domains, a legacy shaped under the watchful eye of Bismarck. The impact of these shifts in power dynamics reverberated throughout Europe, only to be later revoked from Germany. Post-unification, Bismarck directed his political endeavors towards preserving European peace, demonstrating adept foreign diplomatic strategies. His successful initiatives, including alliance formations and strategic wars, earned him the title of the Iron Chancellor of Prussia. Bismarck's leadership style in domestic affairs was marked by a lack of definitive principles, navigating complexities, unresolved issues, and conflicting interests. His support for Kulturkampf intensified opposition from nationalists and liberals, complicating governance. While granting voting rights in 1863, Bismarck, perhaps misjudging the evolving Prussian landscape, inadvertently destabilized the German government. His authoritarian measures aimed at protecting monarchy and Junkers further alienated Jews, liberals, Catholics, socialists, and democratic factions. The underestimation of Prussian transformation underscored the challenges in his political decisions.
How Corporate Governance Affected the Firms’ Performance of KSE-100 Firms: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic Around the Globe
Authors: Khan Safeer , Jan Sharif Ullah
Published: May 2024

This study explores further the impacts of the relationship between autumntime mean sea level pressure (MSLP) over the Indian Ocean and autumntime precipitation over Tasmania. We employ a combination of cross-correlation analysis, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and covariance measures to unravel this intricate connection. Our results reveal that MSLP over the Indian Ocean significantly influences Tasmania’s autumn precipitation, particularly in the region extending from 125°E eastward and from 35°S southward. This MSLP-precipitation link is statistically significant, characterized by a Pearson’s coefficient of correlation of 0.63 (p < 0.05). In addition, we calculate the Root Mean Square Covariance (RMSC) to gauge the strength of this association. The RMSC value, calculated at 0.33, surpasses the threshold of 0.1, emphasizing a robust and significant connection between autumntime MSLP and precipitation in Tasmania. Our results emphasize that the first leading mode of SVD accounts for 84% of the variability in both MSLP over the Indian Ocean and precipitation in Tasmania. These results contribute to a more profound understanding of the factors governing autumn precipitation in Tasmania and offer valuable insights for meteorological and climate science.
Iran-Pakistan Nexus: A Holistic Perspective on Historical Ties and Future Trajectories
Authors: Ali Hussain
Published: May 2024

This study explores the complex historical development of Pakistan-Iran ties, categorizing them into four separate periods from the Cold War to the present day. The alliance endured external obstacles, including sectarian terrorism and geopolitical changes like 9/11, which had a greater influence than internal issues. Nadeem, Hassan, and Zahm, prominent scholars, have thoroughly analyzed the Afghan element and its impact on bilateral relations. The paper examines the changing dynamics affected by Chinese participation in the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly focusing on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This research is motivated by the lack of a thorough analysis of the impact of Indian and Chinese involvement in Iran-Pakistan relations, especially regarding economic interests. The methodology utilizes both primary and secondary sources, with a focus on the cultural connection of the Baloch people. The report also examines potential future developments in trade between the two countries and Afghanistan's security in relation to the Iranian nuclear deal. Geopolitical, historical, and cultural connections are recognized as elements that promote similarity rather than difference. The article ends by evaluating outstanding matters such as unexplored market opportunities, border conflicts, and the necessity for efficient financial mechanisms to enhance economic collaboration.
Political Alchemy: Bismarck's Brew of Alliances and Policies in the Late 19th Century
Authors: Mir Hadiqa
Published: May 2024

This research explores Otto von Bismarck's multifaceted political journey from 1871 to 1890, focusing on his alliance with the "National Liberals," economic policies, and the failed Kulturkampf. Bismarck's shift towards conservative parties in 1878, marked by economic reforms and resistance against emerging social democracy, reveals the complex interplay of political forces. The study also delves into Bismarck's fervent anti-socialist stance and the subsequent ban on the Social Democratic Party in 1878, leading to the adoption of social laws. The paper examines Bismarck's failed attempts to garner worker support and the political consequences of the 1890 elections. Additionally, the research evaluates Bismarck's diplomatic successes in foreign policy, including the Three Emperors' League (1872), the Dual Alliance (1879), and the Triple Alliance (1882). Bismarck's intricate web of alliances and diplomatic finesse are explored, culminating in his resignation in 1890 amid conflicts with Emperor William II, leaving Europe in need of diplomatic stability.
The Unseen Effects: Assessing Zia's Socio-Economic Policies in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Zahid
Published: May 2024

Most of Pakistani society is segregated by ethnicity and driven by sectarian warfare. The problem harms society economically, politically, and socially. Pakistan is plagued by religious extremism. The issue has become the toughest. Pakistani Islam was deeply ingrained, but power politics, radical militarization, and political use of Islam fostered its militant expression. Zia-ul-Haq radicalized Pakistani society to build his dictatorial dictatorship. This study investigates the multiple repercussions of Zia ul Haq's socio-economic and political developments in Pakistan, focusing on Islamization. Nizam-i-Mustafa, Shariah legislation, and the Federal Shariah Court's role in reconciling Pakistan's diverse populace are examined in the study. The paper explores how these measures affect women, ethnic groups, and the judiciary. Zia's economic initiatives, including interest-free banking, Zakat, and Ushr Ordinance, are examined for Islamicity and economic impact. The study also explores political effects, highlighting public discontent in sectarian violence-affected areas. It also investigates how extremism claims have affected Pakistan's global standing. The study illuminates how religion and politics affected Pakistan's socio-political climate during Zia ul Haq.
THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Aliyeva Sabina
Published: May 2024

This article examines the "Non-Aligned Movement", which plays an important role in contemporary international relations. The article was created by synthesizing the information obtained by scanning the literature. The historical background, basic principles and effects of the Non-Aligned Movement on international politics have been examined in detail in the literature. This movement emerged during the cold war and adopted basic principles such as independence, peace and security. Additionally, the unique features of the Non-Aligned Movement were emphasized by comparing it with similar movements. In the methodology section, research methods such as source analysis, comparative analysis and examination of documents of relevant organizations are explained. In the discussion section, a comprehensive evaluation was made of the Non-Aligned Movement, discussing its current situation, the challenges it faces and its potential contributions in the future. In the conclusion and recommendation section, the general meaning of the findings was evaluated and the suggestions offered by the article and a road map for further research were drawn. This article offers a comprehensive overview for readers who wish to understand the role of the Non-Aligned Movement in contemporary international relations and anticipate future developments.
SUSTAINABILITY	ISSUES	OF	FOREIGN	DIRECT	INVESTMENTS	IN	AZERBAIJAN:	IN	TERMS	OF	DIVERSIFICATION
Authors: Taghiyev Amin
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the correlations between the inflow of foreign direct investment and several macroeconomic factors in Azerbaijan. In order to examine the relationship between macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product, export, import, and foreign direct investment outflow on foreign direct investment inflows, a multiple regression model was used. The study focused on the time period from the fourth quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2022. The study's results indicate that gross domestic product, imports, and outflow of foreign direct investment have a positive impact on foreign direct investment inflows. Conversely, exports have a negative impact on foreign direct investment inflows.
INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TOALEAN AND AUSTRONESIAN CULTURES IN THE MALLAWA AREA, MAROS DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Hasanuddin Dr. , Bernadeta AKW Drs. , Syaiful Andi Muhammad , Yondri Lutfi , Sumantri Iwan , Nur Muhammad , Supriadi Drs. , Rustan Drs. , Isbahuddin Drs. , Ansyary Khairun Al , Sirajuddin Khaidir
Published: May 2024

The Mallawa area lies 92 km northeast of Makassar city and 62 km east of Maros township, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Previous research points to an indigenous population named the Toalean and here we demonstrate its presence in the Mallawa area by around 6500–7000 BP, before the immigration of Neolithic Austronesians at around 3580 BP. Distinctive Toalean artefacts are geometric microliths, blades and Maros points, while distinctive Austronesian artefacts are red-slipped pottery and polished stone artefacts (especially axes and adzes). The purpose of this research is to examine archaeological evidence for contact between the first Austronesians and the Toaleans who already occupied Mallawa. The research method involved survey and excavation. The survey finding was documentation of 11 closed sites (caves) and two open sites. Excavation, undertaken in Liang Uttange 1, indicates Toalean occupation by 7000 cal. BP, followed by the arrival of Austronesian speakers in the Mallawa area who then underwent interaction and adaptation. Their interaction with Toaleans is shown by finds such as earthenware, adzes and distinctive types of shell ornaments (Neolithic Austronesian culture) associated with geometric microliths and Maros points (Toalean culture). This start of this interaction is dated to between circa 3500 and 3200 cal. BP at Liang Uttange 1.Keywords: Mallawa, Austronesian, Toalean, culture contact
Growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) as influenced by seed priming
Authors: Pusuluri Sunandha , Rawat Monisha , Kathayat Khushboo
Published: May 2024

The research work was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, from October 2021 to February 2022 to examine the influence of seed priming on the growth and yield of carrots in the Punjab region. The experiment was conducted using a two-factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The first factor consisted of fourteen priming agents (T1- Zinc (ZnSO4 at 1%), T2- GA3 (50 ppm), T3- GA3 (100 ppm), T4- Cinnamon (10%), T5- Cinnamon (15%), T6- Coconut water (5%), T7- Coconut water (12.5%), T8- Panchagavya (3%), T9- Panchagavya (5%), T10- KNO3 (0.5%), T11- KCl (1%), T12- Cow urine (2%), T13- Cow urine (5%), T14- Water) and one control (T15- Unprimed seeds). The second factor comprised two commercial cultivars, namely, V1- Carrot Deep Red and V2- Black Wonder. Results revealed that the application of 100 ppm GA3, Panchagavya (5%), cow urine (2%), and coconut water (5%) as priming agents in carrots had better growth and yield as compared to the remaining treatments. Therefore, priming carrot seeds could be recommended as an effective method to improve the performance of the plants in terms of both growth and yield attributes.
Unravelling codon usage patterns in the coding sequences of Bat RNA virus genomes of Rhabdoviridae family
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Sophiarani Yengkhom , Chakraborty Supriyo
Published: May 2024

Bats have a wide range of viral species in their bodies. RNA viruses of the Rhabdoviridae family have been found in arthropods, which might act as biological vectors for disease transmission to other plants or animals. The choice of one synonymous codon over another for the same amino acid is referred to as codon usage bias (CUB). It is primarily influenced by the forces of evolution, protein characteristics, compositional properties, and gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the composition of CUB and its distribution among 15 different Rhabdoviridae viral genomes found in bats. The genomes of all 15 viruses were found to be AT-rich and weak CUB. The pattern of codon utilization was investigated using parameters such as neutrality plot, parity plot, translational selection, nucleotide skewness, and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values. Natural selection and mutational pressure both influenced the CUB of the 15 Rhabdoviridae viruses. RSCU analysis identified overrepresented and underrepresented codons. The neutrality plot study revealed that natural selection dominated in shaping the CUB. The results of our study revealed the pattern of codon usage in Rhabdoviridae genomes and set the groundwork for important evolutionary research on them.
MIN-turns and MAX-turns in k-Dyck paths: A pure generating function approach
Authors:   University of Stellenbosch, Prodinger Helmut ,   NITheCS (National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences), South Africa
Published: May 2024

k-Dyck paths differ from ordinary Dyck paths by using an up-step of length k. We analyze at which level the path is after the s-th up-step and before the (s+1)-st up-step. In honour of Rainer Kemp who studied a related concept 40 years ago, the terms max-terms and min-terms are used. Results are obtained by an appropriate use of trivariate generating functions; practically no combinatorial arguments are used.
PI3K/HSCB axis facilitates FOG1 nuclear translocation to promote erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Liu Gang , Hou Yunxuan , Jin Xin , Zhang Yixue , Sun Chaoyue , Huang Chengquan , Ren Yujie , Gao Jianmin , Wang Xiuli , Jiang Xiumei
Published: May 2024

Erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis are stringently regulated by signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways regulate key transcription factors controlling erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis remain partially understood. Herein, we identified heat shock cognate B (HSCB), which is well known for its iron-sulfur cluster delivery function, as an indispensable protein for friend of GATA 1 (FOG1) nuclear translocation during erythropoiesis of K562 human erythroleukemia cells and cord-blood-derived human CD34+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as during megakaryopoiesis of the CD34+CD90+ HSCs. Mechanistically, HSCB could be phosphorylated by phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) to bind with and mediate the proteasomal degradation of transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3), which otherwise detained FOG1 in the cytoplasm, thereby facilitating FOG1 nuclear translocation. Given that PI3K is activated during both erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and that FOG1 is a key transcription factor for these processes, our findings elucidate an important, previously unrecognized iron-sulfur cluster delivery independent function of HSCB in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis.
Evaluation of Preclinical Toxicity of Methanolic Extract of Sargassum tenerrimum using the Zebrafish Model
Authors: Yadav Raman , Kumaravelu Punnagai , Umamaheswari Subburaya , Subramanian Viswanathan , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyoti
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In the field of biomedicine, marine algae have gained significant attention due to the abundance of bioactive compounds they contain. However, studies on the chronic toxicity of algae are limited. Aim: To evaluate the in-vitro, in-vivo acute, and subchronic toxicity of Sargassum tenerrimum (S. tenerrimum) in an adult zebrafish model. Materials and Methods: The current preclinical toxicological interventional study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, in September 2022. The algae S. tenerrimum was extracted with methanol using Soxhlet extraction. In-vitro toxicity of S. tenerrimum was performed using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]- 2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on the SH-SY5Y cell line. Acute toxicity was carried out for 96 hours according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 203 guidelines, and subchronic toxicity was carried out for 14 days on the zebrafish model using the immersion method. Additionally, histopathological changes were observed after the acute toxicity study, and the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) value was analysed. Results: The MTT assay of the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum revealed an LC50 value of 140.014 μg/mL. An acute toxicity study conducted on zebrafish for 96 hours showed an LC50 value of 504.669 mg/L. Subchronic toxicity was done for 14 days, and on the 14th day of exposure, the LC50 value was found to be 404.196 mg/L. Histopathological changes were observed at higher concentrations (800 mg/L) of algal extract. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum showed a toxic effect at higher concentrations on the zebrafish model. However, at lower concentrations, S. tenerrimum was deemed safe for further exploration of pharmacological activities in a zebrafish model.
An Unusual Presentation of Low-grade Chondrosarcoma of the First Metatarsal Bone requiring extensive Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Udayakumar D , Udaya V , Gandhi B Suresh , Jegaprasath Naveen
Published: May 2024

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is one of the common malignant bone tumours arising from chondrocytes with variable degrees of malignancy. It is mainly noted in flat bones like the pelvis and scapula, and sometimes in long bones like the proximal femur. This case report describes a 40-year-old female who presented with pain over her right great toe for six months and swelling for four months. An open biopsy revealed low-grade CS. Subsequently, the patient underwent amputation of the first ray till the tarsometatarsal joint with meticulous dissection of the tumour mass. At eight years of follow-up, the patient had no recurrence and no functional disability. Therefore, in cases of low-grade CS, first ray amputation along with excision of the tumour mass helps avoid recurrence and metastasis, providing a satisfactory functional outcome.
Risk Assessment for Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults of 18 to 29 years Age in a Rural Area of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Boornema A Ra , Vasundara S , Aarthy M
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reported a rise in mortality rates from 37% in 1990 to 61% in 2016. Additionally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among young adults was higher than estimated. As the behavioural risk factors are mainly established in adolescence, screening at an earlier age becomes essential. Aim: To estimate the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among individuals aged 18-29 years and to assess the association between the risk factors and at-risk individuals. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, to estimate the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among individuals aged 18-29 years. The National Health Mission (NHM) protocol was used for risk assessment, based on American Diabetic Association (ADA) and Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. Results: A total of 154 residents were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 24.64±4.70 years. Approximately 60% of the study participants were males and 40% were females. A total of 54% of the participants were married. Most subjects had completed high school (33.8%), followed by 28.6% who completed postgraduation. Disease categorisation revealed that 54 (35%) were non-diabetics, 89 (58%) were pre-diabetics, and 11 (7%) had diabetes mellitus. Similarly, 24 (16%) were non-hypertensive, 115 (75%) had high normal values, and 15 (9%) had probable stage I hypertension. A statistically significant association was observed between hypertension and educational level, alcoholism, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), whereas diabetes mellitus was not significantly associated with any variables. The probabilistic prediction for hypertension using the logistic regression model included alcoholism and SBP, which contributed to 25.6% of the variations in prediction hypertension. Conclusion: The study results highlight a significant burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes and hypertension in the community. This indicates the need for systematic screening, early lifestyle modifications, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up for such individuals.
Pathological Portrait of a Submandibular Gland Lymphoepithelial Cyst in a Non HIV Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Naseri, Suhit Pradeep , Hingway Snehlata , Gadkari Pravin
Published: May 2024

Lymphoepithelial Cysts (LEC) manifest as benign, unilocular to multilocular lesions predominantly in the head and neck areas. LEC typically localise in the salivary glands, with the parotid gland being more common and the submandibular gland being a rare occurrence. Additionally, they may be observed in the oral cavity, with a particular affinity for the floor of the mouth. It manifests as a painless, solitary cystic mass situated close to or within the salivary gland. It predominantly occurs in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It typically arises as a consequence of lymphocyte-induced dilation of the cystic duct, and in accordance with index case, the definitive diagnosis is consistently confirmed through postoperative histopathological examination. They are infrequently observed in immunocompetent individuals and may have a connection to Sjögren’s syndrome. Numerous contemporary investigative methods are at our disposal, with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) emerging as a swift diagnostic tool for promptly confirming a LEC. Additional diagnostic modalities encompass Ultrasonography (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT). The primary treatment for an LEC continues to be surgical intervention. Understanding the characteristics and behaviour of such cysts in non HIV patients is critical for accurate diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and, perhaps, enhancing the understanding of the spectrum of conditions associated with these cyst formations. Investigating LEC occurring in the rare location of the submandibular salivary gland, this work is distinctive in that it involves an immunocompetent individual. The present case is of a 42-year-old woman who elucidates the diagnostic pathway, encompassing both FNAC and histopathology.
Empowering Farmers to Enhance Water Use Efficiency: Innovative Practices in SSPC
Authors: Vaghasiya Miteshkumar M
Published: May 2024

The Sardar Sarovar project, featuring a gravity dam on the Narmada River in Gujarat, stands as one of the largest in terms of concrete volume globally. This study investigates the project's extensive canal network and its impact on agricultural productivity in the command area. Covering a vast expanse across multiple states, the project's irrigation allocation and water management strategies are examined. Special attention is given to addressing soil degradation issues, particularly salinity, and implementing farmer-centered interventions to enhance water use efficiency. Methodologies include land rejuvenation efforts, reclamation of salt-affected land, participatory irrigation management, and promoting improved agricultural practices. Results indicate successful mitigation of soil degradation and increased crop yields through strategic interventions like cotton-castor relay cropping which has demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase in income compared to sole cropping. Intercropping with isabgul/ajwain, and implementing deficit irrigation have resulted in a substantial 43% increase in overall yield, particularly in cumin cultivation. Farmers have also embraced innovative water-saving techniques, such as alternative furrow irrigation and strategic timing of irrigation during critical growth stages, resulting in water savings of 30-35%. However, challenges remain in achieving widespread adoption of participatory irrigation management practices. The study concludes with insights into the necessity of sustained social engineering efforts and community engagement for long-term water resource management and agricultural sustainability in the project area.
Fruit Sorting by Pizzo-electric Sensor and PLC Controlling
Authors: Sharma Aswant Kumar , Varak Akshay Krishna , Gitaye Shubham Arun , Gavali Nishant Vijay , Bate Prathamesh Kishor
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The fruit sorting process traditionally relies on visual inspection, primarily considering size as a key quality parameter. However, industries engaged in large-scale fruit trading have turned to image processing technology for sorting, despite its high cost and impracticality for small traders. This paper proposes an alternative sorting system that offers an economical solution suitable for automated fruit sorting at various scales.
Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an economical automated fruit sorting system capable of classifying fruits based on their weight, thereby eliminating the need for manual labor and improving sorting accuracy and efficiency.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electrical Engineering Finolex Academy of Management and Technology, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, between July 2023 to April 2024.
Study Design: This study employs a practical approach to design an automated fruit sorting system that utilizes Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology in conjunction with load cells. The system is designed to classify fruits based on their weight as they move along a conveyor belt, thereby automating the sorting process.
Methodology: The proposed sorting system integrates PLC technology and load cells to accurately measure and classify fruits based on their weight. By eliminating the need for manual intervention, the system enhances sorting efficiency and accuracy. The system is designed to be cost-effective and suitable for implementation by small traders and farmers.
Results: The developed sorting system demonstrates precise, reliable, and consistent sorting outcomes based on fruit weight. By automating the sorting process, the system achieves improved efficiency and productivity compared to traditional manual sorting methods. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of the system makes it accessible to small traders and farmers seeking to enhance their sorting practices.
Conclusion: The proposed sorting system offers an economical and efficient solution for automated fruit sorting, particularly for small traders and farmers. By leveraging PLC technology and load cells, the system provides reliable alternative to costly image processing-based methods. The automation of the sorting process eliminates the risk of errors and inconsistencies associated with manual sorting, while ensuring accurate and quantitative classification based on fruit weight. This sorting system presents a practical approach to improving fruit trading operations, enhancing efficiency, and productivity.
Exploring Consumer Perceptions and Value Addition in Street Cuisine: A Case of Kalai Ruti
Authors: Rahman Md. Hasibur , Hasan Md. Mahfuzul , Masud Md. Khaled , Moniruzzaman Md. , Singha Sambhu , Palash Md. Salauddin
Published: May 2024

Aims: The study focused on Kalai Ruti, a popular street food made from black gram in Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh. It is aimed to examine the potential for enhancing the dish’s value and to assess consumer attitudes towards street food in that region.
Study Design: This study adopted quantitative approach where purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Face-to-face interviews were performed with a structured questionnaire facilitated in-depth interactions with the respondent to reach the goal.
Methodology: The research involved direct surveys with 100 Kalai Ruti customers and 30 local vendors. It is employed multiple linear regression and descriptive statistics to analyze data. This included examining the value addition from incorporating various meats and vegetables typical in Bangladeshi cuisine of Kalai Ruti, as well as analyzing the cost and selling price of these ingredients.
Results: Findings showed significant value addition from different meats: BDT 370.07 per kg for chicken, BDT 988.3 per kg for beef, BDT 386.03 per kg for duck, and BDT 38.8 per kg for eggplant. Consumer’s feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with over 76% of participants expressing favorable opinions. The analysis also revealed that the street food culture around Kalai Ruti is shaped by a blend of value addition, consumer preferences, and socio-demographic factors. It is also seen that education, family size, and income had minor effects, age, gender, occupation, and marital status significantly influenced consumer choices.
Conclusion: The study offers valuable insights that can help enhance marketing strategies and support the sustainable development of the street food sector in the area. Furthermore, it is opening the gate of future research on this sector to discover the scope and expansion of Kalai Ruti’s market.
Design and Development of Automatic Universal Chain Type Vegetable Transplanter
Authors: Ray Amit , Moses S C
Published: May 2024

Many vegetable crops are best grown by growing seeds in a controlled environment and then transplanting seedlings to the field. Transplanting methods have dramatically improved in recent years, but are still very labour intensive. Mechanization of Feeding of the seedlings on vegetable transplanter face many restrictions due to non-uniformity in shape and size of the seedings and different transplantation spacing requirement, since the yield of various crops are determined by spacing of the seedlings. Even today, many transplanting methods rely on human labour to place seedlings directly into a planting mechanism and to determine the correct spacing. Manual Transplantation involve repetitive prolonged awkward posture which pose high risk of musculoskeletal disorder. There exists a need of universal transplanter which is economical, effective, ergonomically fit and transplant the seedlings at uniform predefined spacing irrespective of shape and size. Chain Type vegetable transplanter could be the solution to the above discussed problems. The designed transplanter enables the farmers to plant the seedling tape of any shape/size at desired plant to plant distance and to do so rapidly, thereby quickly disposing the seedlings at precise depth, properly oriented and at correctly spaced intervals. This can be achieved in certain steps, which involves the steps of unwinding the honeycomb arranged plant tape in seedling tray, making furrow in the ground, cutting the tape & placing it in furrow in the ground, and pressing it firmly in furrow.  There is also provision to adjust the plant-to-plant spacing using the gear shifter and number of cutting blades to adjust the distance between two simultaneous seedlings drop in furrow. Transplantation speed of 71 Plants per minutes can be achieved thus saving time of transplantation, labour need and cost of transplantation.
A Review on Algal Mediated Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Sustainable Nanotechnology
Authors: Yedoti Venkateswarlu. , Supraja N.
Published: May 2024

The field of nanotechnology has witnessed a paradigm shift in recent years, with an increasing emphasis on eco-friendly and sustainable synthesis methods for metallic nanoparticles. Algal-mediated synthesis, an emerging and promising technique, harnesses the bioactive compounds present in algae for the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. This process not only offers a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods but also holds the potential to revolutionize various industries, including medicine, energy, and environmental remediation. Microalgae, forming a substantial part of the planet’s biodiversity, are usually single-celled colony-forming or filamentous photosynthetic microorganisms, including several legal divisions like Chlorophyta, Charophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Whole cells of Plectonema boryanum (filamentous cyanobacteria) proved efficient in promoting the production of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles. The cyanobacterial strains of Anabaena flos-aquae and Calothrix pulvinate were used to implement the biosynthesis of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects of algal-mediated metallic nanoparticle synthesis. Algae, as a versatile source of bioactive compounds, serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticle formation process. Various types of algae, including microalgae and macroalgae, have been explored for this purpose, each with distinct biochemical profiles that contribute to the synthesis process.
Interpreting Freudian Concept of Mind and Unconscious at the Time of Fall of Positivism
Authors: Gonçalves-Mendes Maria Tereza , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: May 2024

This comment aims to bring Psychoanalysis as the precursor of a new vision about mental processes and the mind as a whole and allies this discovery to the change in the scientific thinking at the time of the beginning of Psychoanalysis, exemplified by the evolutions of quantum and relativistic physics, in counterpoint to the positivism in vogue, i.e., Freud showed a non-positivist thinking elaborating the Psychoanalysis.
For this reason, it contextualizes the theories in relation to the brain and to the brain functions at the time of Freud, that sought in each brain region the correspondent for specific functions, exemplified mainly by Gall's phrenology. Although regional correspondents to the function of language have been found, such as Wernicke's and Broca's areas, it has not been possible to date to find specific locations for complex emotions and the behavior, even with Luria's attempts. The possible analysis of a mind that goes beyond the morpho-physiological limits of the brain was Freud's great contribution to the evolution of a scientific thinking regarding mental disorders. Finally, in this text, we intend to place Psychoanalysis as a non-positivist precursor of mind studies.