bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeamento dos planos de gestão de resíduos sólidos nas cidades centrais das regiões metropolitanas da Paraíba
Authors: Fernandes Francisco Dinarte de Sousa , Santos Cícero Marcelo Bezerra dos , Pereira Raquel da Silva
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A crescente expansão populacional e urbana tem tido como principal consequência, um crescimento exponencial da utilização de recursos naturais, e junto do aumento desse consumo, vem o aumento na geração de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), e disposição inadequada, sendo um dano gravíssimo ao meio ambiente, agravando a situação socioeconômica do país em diversos sentidos. Objetivo: Buscou-se apresentar um mapeamento dos Planos de Resíduos Sólidos (PRS) utilizados nas cidades centrais de cada Região Metropolitana na Paraíba, dentro do contexto legal, com identificação da tipologia de plano, da forma e tempo de gestão adotada por cada Município pesquisado. Método: A pesquisa documental, com abordagem exploratória e descritiva ocorreu no ano de 2022 nas cidades centrais das 12 regiões metropolitanas do estado da Paraíba. Os dados foram coletados por meio de consultas aos sites oficiais de cada cidade central, aos planos de resíduos sólidos, às legislações e documentos administrativos, além do mais, realizou-se a aplicação de questionário estruturado em meio eletrônico aos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão de resíduos sólidos, visando obter informações quanto ao tipo de plano, forma de gestão e tempo de implantação. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que desde a promulgação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) ainda há cidades centrais sem a construção de um PRS. Conclusão: A pesquisa constatou haver avanços na maioria dos municípios pesquisados, mas existe a necessidade de alguns municípios aprimorarem suas políticas de gestão, já que cabe ao poder público local elaborar planos municipais de resíduos sólidos, individualmente ou em parceria com outros municípios, por meio de soluções consorciadas.
A prática clínica do enfermeiro na reabilitação estética de pacientes mastectomizadas
Authors: Cesário Jonas Magno dos Santos , Hernandes Luana de Oliveira , Botion Beatriz Mees , Silva Giselle Katrina Aguiar da , Cunha Amanda Priscilla da , Gomes Daiana Moreira , Vitorino Priscila Gramata da Silva , Flauzino Victor Hugo de Paula
Published: August 2022

O Instituto Nacional de Câncer, o câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo, depois do câncer de pele não melanoma. A mastectomia, mesmo acompanhada de reconstrução mamária imediata, pode ser uma experiência traumática para as mulheres e pode ser percebida como uma mutilação, impactando significativamente sua autoestima e estabilidade emocional. O enfermeiro no processo de reabilitação apresenta uma função de destaque durante o tratamento, na prevenção e na gestão das complicações que podem comprometer a funcionalidade e afetar a qualidade de vida da mulher. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as ações do enfermeiro que recuperem a autoestima em pacientes submetidas a mastectomia. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica na banca de dados do Google Acadêmico, BVS e SciELO, publicadas entre 2016 e 2022, disponíveis de forma completa.  Inicialmente foram encontrados 157 estudos e após a aplicação dos filtros, conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram eliminados 138 estudos. Não foram considerados estudos duplicados, monografias, apostilas e livros. Ao final foram incluídos 18 artigos científicos .A desconstrução da imagem feminina pela retirada da mama impacta emocionalmente e psicologicamente a vida das mulheres, neste caso o enfermeiro deve atuar como um facilitador da melhoria da qualidade de ida dessas mulheres e na capacidade de aceitação. Um dos principais objetivos do trabalho do enfermeiro é o de promover uma melhor adaptação da mulher ao novo cenário ao qual ela se encontra. A família pode ser uma grande aliada no apoio emocional as pacientes mastectomizadas, e o enfermeiro deve dar o suporte educacional e emocional necessário nesses casos.
A Etnomatemática presente nos filtros dos sonhos nas aulas de Matemática da terra indígena Guarani Ocoy
Authors: Ribeiro Rhuan Guilherme Tardo , Silva Josie Agatha Parrilha da , Duarte Bruna Marques
Published: August 2022

Este estudo apresenta algumas discussões desenvolvidas em uma pesquisa de doutorado, que tem como propósito realizar uma análise dos artesanatos e adereços produzidos pelos alunos e alunas indígenas Guarani das turmas do ensino médio do colégio estadual indígena Teko Ñemoingo, localizado na comunidade Tekoha Ocoy no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, na região oeste do Paraná. Buscamos elementos da Etnomatemática utilizados pelos estudantes indígenas na criação e elaboração de seus artesanatos, assim como as simbologias espirituais, cotidianas e culturais a partir das práticas de confecção artesanais acerca dos processos de comercialização desse povo. Para isso, realizamos atividades com os alunos e alunas da aldeia Ocoy. Em um exercício descritivo, procuramos investigar os processos de geração, organização e transmissão de conhecimento pelo viés do programa da Etnomatemática presente nos artesanatos guarani, no contexto da dinamicidade organizacional deste povo e de suas histórias. A partir disso, podemos inferir que os conhecimentos presentes nas confecções artesanais que os alunos e alunas guarani de Ocoy dominam na realização dos artesanatos e representam um sentido cultural e um diferencial social para essa comunidade. Dessa forma, as confecções artesanais possibilitam a integração, incorporação e construção de conhecimentos matemáticos indígenas e não indígenas, tornando-os mais próximos da realidade e úteis às necessidades desse povo.
Tratamento conservador da gravidez ectópica íntegra com metotrexato
Authors: Oliveira Isabel Andretto de , Soares Leila Cristina , Monteiro Denise Leite Maia
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A gravidez ectópica (GE) é definida, de forma geral, como a implantação do blastocisto fora da cavidade uterina, sinônimo de gravidez extrauterina. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia do tratamento conservador com metotrexato (MTX) na GE íntegra. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática realizada através de ampla pesquisa na literatura médica utilizando as bases de dados eletrônicas: Medline (PubMed) e LILACS, com a seguinte estratégia de busca: ("Pregnancy, Ectopic"[Majr] AND "Drug Therapy"[Mesh]). Resultados: Os estudos selecionados convergem para a demonstração da eficácia do tratamento conservador com MTX na GE íntegra e foram agrupados em três grupos principais: Pacientes submetidas ao tratamento conservador com MTX no protocolo de dose única (DU), pacientes submetidas ao protocolo de dose dupla (DD) e pacientes submetidas ao tratamento conservador e que não atendem os critérios do protocolo para o uso do MTX. Os resultados mostraram que protocolo de DU de MTX tem eficácia suficiente no tratamento da GE, porém em pacientes fora dos parâmetros exigidos pelo protocolo atual o sucesso do tratamento aumenta com o uso do método de DD ou dose múltipla.  Conclusões: O protocolo de DU com a opção de elaborar para uma segunda dose em caso de falha do tratamento pode ser o tratamento ideal para GE íntegra.
Efetivação do direito de acesso à saúde das pessoas em situação de rua frente à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Silva Andrew Pereira da , Santos Neto Manoel Augusto dos , Vidal Emanuelle Vitoria Soares , Souza Pedro Érico Alves de , Silva Marcos Adônys Ferreira da , Silva João Lucas Oliveira e , Silva Karlla Stephanie Alves e , Souza Lilian Emanuelle Santos de , Vidal Alexia Mercês , Lacerda Rosane Freire
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo buscou avaliar, a partir da literatura especializada, como o direito de acesso à saúde pelas pessoas em situação de rua tem sido afetado frente à pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio de uma busca avançada nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, BVS e LILACS, com seleção dos artigos feita com os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Pessoas em Situação de Rua”, “Direito à Saúde”, “Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde” e “COVID-19”, e seus respectivos termos traduzidos no idioma inglês. Entre os documentos e artigos encontrados, 16 foram selecionados por se adequarem ao objetivo do estudo. São notórias as barreiras impostas pela pandemia de COVID-19 às populações em situação de rua, em especial, quando se verifica o direito de acesso à saúde por esse grupo social. Especificamente em sua fase mais aguda, a pandemia foi e tem sido ainda marcada por insuficiência em medidas de higienização e isolamento social para esse segmento. Além disso, a vulnerabilidade em saúde é observada nas maiores taxas de mortalidade entre as pessoas em situação de rua comparado à população em geral, bem como a fragmentação do cuidado em saúde mental agravada pela pandemia. Estratégias foram tomadas para proteção e cuidado em saúde à população em situação de rua. Contudo, é observado uma insuficiência na efetivação de tais estratégias por parte dos estados e municípios, demonstrando a necessidade de um cuidado em saúde efetivo para a garantia dos direitos dessa população.
Características morfológicas e implicações clínicas e cirúrgicas da concha nasal suprema: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Soares Josivaldo Bezerra , Paiva Monique Danyelle Emiliano Batista
Published: August 2022

Introdução: Na parede lateral de cada cavidade nasal, existem três conchas nasais nomeadas conforme sua posição: superior, média e inferior. Eventualmente, pode existir uma quarta concha (de Santorini), conhecida como concha nasal suprema. Entretanto, suas características específicas são escassas na literatura, sendo abordadas superficialmente em estudos científicos e livros didáticos. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos morfológicos da concha nasal suprema e analisar a sua importância clínica e cirúrgica. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura com buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e MEDLINE. Como ferramenta de busca, utilizou-se os descritores “supreme nasal concha”, “supreme turbinate” e “concha Santorini”, bem como o operador booleano “or”. Os critérios de elegibilidade consistiram em artigos originais sem restrição de idioma e período de publicação. Resultados e Discussão: Dentre 21 artigos não duplicados, foram selecionados seis. A concha suprema é mais encontrada bilateralmente e sua prevalência varia de 10% a 77% (média de 42,3%), sendo predominante no sexo masculino e tendo maior frequência no segundo trimestre de vida intrauterina, além de ter tamanho semelhante a concha superior na maioria dos casos. Embora seja uma variação anatômica, o conhecimento da concha suprema é importante para vários procedimentos cirúrgicos endoscópicos dos seios da face e da base do crânio. Conclusão: A concha suprema é mais comum do que se pensava. Estudos imagiológicos em tomografias computadorizadas, principalmente com reconstrução 3D, revelaram maior prevalência do que estudos anatômicos em cadáveres. Infere-se que a concha de Santorini pode não ser uma variação anatômica em algumas populações.
Mudança de paradigmas na educação inclusiva: contribuição para participação pedagógica-educacional de alunos da inclusão
Authors: Gonçalo Camilla Viana de Souza , Carvalho Aline dos Santos Moreira de , Araújo Antônio Marcondes de , Silva Lana Cristina de Almeida
Published: August 2022

Com o tema Mudança de paradigmas na educação inclusiva: contribuição para participação pedagógica-educacional de alunos da inclusão, o objetivo deste artigo é a compreensão do processo de mudança paradigmática, tendo presente sua importância para a produção e aquisição do conhecimento e de que forma poderá ser uma contribuição útil para a Educação Inclusiva de forma a produzir subsídios que possam ser incorporados às práticas escolares e programas de formação de professores. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa de base metodológica de paradigma sistêmico, pautada na teoria da complexidade tendo como fonte a análise e reflexão de textos atualizados e pertinentes aos descritores do tema. As principais conclusões se pautam em que a educação inclusiva possa se tornar uma alternativa mais contemporânea e necessária ao modelo que separa a educação regular da educação especial onde os currículos precisam se adaptar a projetos, políticas, leis e tecnologias de forma a proporcionar os estudantes deficientes oportunidade igualitária de aprendizagem e os professores a formação por meio de graduações, pós graduações, cursos, treinamentos sobre inclusão. Sabemos que todos esses dispositivos são importantes, necessários e urgentes no processo inclusivo. Entretanto, para que haja congruência entre o discurso e a ação de incluir, é preciso que haja a elevação das consciências.
Abordagem fisioterapêutica na reabilitação pulmonar do paciente com DPOC: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Nascimento Lorena Catharina Soares do , Nunes Luana Karolaine Rodrigues Santiago , Santos Elenildo Aquino dos , Alves Ahyas Sydcley Santos
Published: August 2022

A fisioterapia vem atuando em diversos contextos e objetivos na reabilitação pulmonar, agindo em sintomas, estado funcional, adesão aos cuidados e influenciando nos custos com a saúde sistêmica, como no caso da Doença pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Esta revisão integrativa teve como objetivo verificar a abordagem da fisioterapia no processo de reabilitação do paciente com DPOC. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases BVS, Scielo, PubMed, PEDro e Google Acadêmico utilizando as combinações dos descritores. Foram incluídos artigos científicos que abordavam o objetivo da pesquisa, publicados de 2017 a 2022, em português, inglês e espanhol, com texto na íntegra disponível de forma gratuita e que contemplasse pelo menos um dos descritores, e excluídos os artigos duplicados, em outros idiomas os quais não mencionados, livros, artigos de opinião, editoriais, teses, dissertações, publicações governamentais e publicações que abordassem pacientes em processo de reabilitação pós-COVID-19. Com as combinações dos descritores e após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade resultaram 6 artigos nesta revisão. Verificou-se que a fisioterapia tem papel significativo dentro do programa de reabilitação pulmonar e apresenta uma abordagem ampla e essencial ao programa, seja pelas condutas, instrumentos avaliativos e pelo papel desempenhado na educação destes pacientes. Paralelo a sua importância, a abordagem fisioterapêutica neste cenário e população deve continuar avançando nas pesquisas, faz-se necessárias mais pesquisas, principalmente as de campo com protocolos bem definidos, traçando a linha do cuidado fisioterapêutico dentro do processo da reabilitação pulmonar do paciente com DPOC.
O Transtorno de Espectro Autista e a Educação Inclusiva sob a perspectiva de docentes em duas escolas de Belém no estado do Pará
Authors: Costa Wagner César Pinheiro , Pinheiro Jackline Patricia da Silva Fernandes , Costa Thais Danielle Pinheiro , Silva Wilton Andrade da
Published: August 2022

Este estudo parte do intento de investigar e discutir a educação inclusiva e a participação de alunos (as) com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em duas escolas da cidade de Belém-PA sob o olhar de docentes. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada com docentes que atuam no ensino regular (fundamental 2) em duas escolas de Belém. Os resultados demonstraram as barreiras que docentes enfrentam em relação a inclusão de discentes portadores de TEA em suas aulas e também constatou a resistência por parte de docentes acerca da educação inclusiva. Dentro dos resultados ainda ficou evidente a falta de formação continuada pelos (as) docentes acerca da educação inclusiva o que dificulta a exercício pleno da inclusão.
Skirting the Justice System through Presidential Clemency in Zambia: Some Critical Reflections
Authors: Malila Mumba
Published: August 2022

Presidential or executive power of pardoning convicted offenders is, generally speaking, beyond ordinary checks and balances. It could arguably be one of the most controversial of executive powers prone to abuse by the political elite. To the extent that the power sanctions the circumvention of the justice system by undoing, sidestepping, and interfering with some judicial outcomes, its appropriateness has been questioned as being possibly a serious indictment on the separation of powers and the rule of law. This contribution focuses on the use of the presidential power of clemency in Zambia as a reflective case study. It addresses some of the legitimate questions that arise from a legal and constitutional standpoint in the use of this power. The paper argues that the danger that is posed to the independence of the judiciary by the power of pardon does not derive from the mere existence of the prerogative of mercy powers, but rather from collateral factors such as the apparent failure to understand the extent to which pardoned convicts lose their rights, rather than gain them; the apparent failure to appreciate the justice protective function of the power of pardon itself; and the absence of inbuilt trigger mechanisms in the law to monitor possible abuse of the power.
Opportunities and challenges for synthetic biology in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dong Yumeng , Xu Tiangang , Xiao Guozheng , Hu Ziyan , Chen Jingyu
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder that primarily includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although traditional antibiotics and immunosuppressants are known as the most effective and commonly used treatments, some limitations may be expected, such as limited efficacy in a small number of patients and gut flora disruption. A great many research studies have been done with respect to the etiology of IBD, while the composition of the gut microbiota is suggested as one of the most influential factors. Along with the development of synthetic biology and the continuing clarification of IBD etiology, broader prospects for novel approaches to IBD therapy could be obtained. This study presents an overview of the currently existing treatment options and possible therapeutic targets at the preclinical stage with respect to microbial synthesis technology in biological therapy. This study is highly correlated to the following topics: microbiota-derived metabolites, microRNAs, cell therapy, calreticulin, live biotherapeutic products (LBP), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), bacteriophages, engineered bacteria, and their functional secreted synthetic products for IBD medical implementation. Considering microorganisms as the main therapeutic component, as a result, the related clinical trial stability, effectiveness, and safety analysis may be the major challenges for upcoming research. This article strives to provide pharmaceutical researchers and developers with the most up-to-date information for adjuvant medicinal therapies based on synthetic biology.
Polydopamine-Mediated Protein Adsorption Alters the Epigenetic Status and Differentiation of Primary Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hASCs)
Authors: Harati Javad , Tao Xuelian , Shahsavarani Hosein , Du Ping , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Liu Kun , Zhang Zhen , Shaw Peter , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Pan Haobo , Wang Peng-Yuan
Published: August 2022

Polydopamine (PDA) is a biocompatible cell-adhesive polymer with versatile applications in biomedical devices. Previous studies have shown that PDA coating could improve cell adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). However, there is still a knowledge gap in the effect of PDA-mediated protein adsorption on the epigenetic status of MSCs. This work used gelatin-coated cell culture surfaces with and without PDA underlayer (Gel and PDA-Gel) to culture and differentiate primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). The properties of these two substrates were significantly different, which, in combination with a variation in extracellular matrix (ECM) protein bioactivity, regulated cell adhesion and migration. hASCs reduced focal adhesions by downregulating the expression of integrins such as αV, α1, α2, and β1 on the PDA-Gel compared to the Gel substrate. Interestingly, the ratio of H3K27me3 to H3K27me3+H3K4me3 was decreased, but this only occurred for upregulation of AGG and BMP4 genes during chondrogenic differentiation. This result implies that the PDA-Gel surface positively affects the chondrogenic, but not adipogenic and osteogenic, differentiation. In conclusion, for the first time, this study demonstrates the sequential effects of PDA coating on the biophysical property of adsorbed protein and then focal adhesions and differentiation of hMSCs through epigenetic regulation. This study sheds light on PDA-mediated mechanotransduction.
Study of key amino acid residues of GH66 dextranase for producing high-degree polymerized isomaltooligosaccharides and improving of thermostability
Authors: Lin Qianru , Wang Huanyu , Xu Yingying , Dong Dongxue , Miao Qingzhen , Lu Jing , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun
Published: August 2022

Obtaining high-degree polymerized isomaltose is more difficult while achieving better prebiotic effects. We investigated the mutation specificity and enzymatic properties of SP5-Badex, a dextranase from the GH66 family of Bacillus aquimaris SP5, and determined its mutation sites through molecular docking to obtain five mutants, namely E454K, E454G, Y539F, N369F, and Y153N. Among them, Y539F and Y153N exhibited no enzymatic activity, but their hydrolysates included isomaltotetraose (IMO4). The enzymatic activity of E454G was 1.96 U/ml, which was 3.08 times higher than that before mutation. Moreover, 70% of the enzymatic activity could be retained after holding at 45°C for 180 min, which was 40% higher than that of SP5-Badex. Furthermore, its IMO4 content was 5.62% higher than that of SP5-Badex after hydrolysis at 30°C for 180 min. To investigate the effect of different amino acids on the same mutation site, saturation mutation was induced at site Y153, and the results showed that the enzyme activity of Y153W could be increased by 2 times, and some of the enzyme activity could still be retained at 50°C. Moreover, the enzyme activity increased by 50% compared with that of SP5-Badex after holding at 45°C for 180 min, and the IMO4 content of Y153W was approximately 64.97% after hydrolysis at 30°C for 180 min, which increased by approximately 12.47% compared with that of SP5-Badex. This site is hypothesized to rigidly bind to nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids to improve the stability of the protein structure, which in turn improves the thermal stability and simultaneously increases the IMO4 yield.
Process study of ceramic membrane-coupled mixed-cell fermentation for the production of adenine
Authors: Sun Pengjie , Li Changgeng , Gong Yu , Wang Jinduo , Xu Qingyang
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems of high complexity, many by-products, high pollution and difficult extraction of the existing adenine production process, in this study, ceramic membrane-coupled mixed cell fermentation was used to produce adenine while reducing the synthesis of by-products and simplifying the production process of adenine. Nucleoside hydrolase (encoded by the rihC gene) was used to produce adenine by coordinated fermentation with the adenosine-producing bacterium Bacillus Subtilis XGL. The adenosine hydrolase (AdHy)-expressing strain Escherichia coli BL21-AdHy was successfully employed and the highest activity of the crude enzyme solution was found by orthogonal experiments at 170 W power, 42% duty cycle, and 8 min of sonication. The highest AdHy activity was found after 18 h of induction incubation. E. coli BL21-AdHy was induced for 18 h and sonicated under the above ultrasonic conditions and the resulting crude enzyme solution was used for co-fermentation of the strain and enzyme. Moreover, 15% (v/v) of the AdHy crude enzyme solution was added to fermentation of B. subtilis XGL after 35 h. Finally, the whole fermentation system was dialyzed using coupled ceramic membranes for 45 and 75 h, followed by the addition of fresh medium. In contrast, the AdHy crude enzyme solution was added after 35, 65, and 90 h of B. subtilis fermentation, with three additions of 15, 15, and 10% of the B. subtilis XGL fermentation system. The process was validated in a 5 L fermenter and 14 ± 0.25 g/L of adenine was obtained, with no accumulation of adenosine and d-ribose as by-products. The enzymatic activity of the AdHy crude solution treated with ultrasound was greatly improved. It also reduced the cellular activity of E. coli BL21-AdHy and reduced effects on bacterial co-fermentation. Membrane-coupled dialysis solved the problem of decreased yield due to poor bacterial survival and decreased viability, and eliminated inhibition of the product synthesis pathway by adenosine. The batch addition of crude enzyme broth allowed the continuous conversion of adenosine to adenine. This production method provides the highest yield of biologically produced adenine reported to date, reduces the cost of adenine production, and has positive implications for the industrial production of adenine by fermentation. And it provides a reference for producing other high-value-added products made by fermentation.
Advances in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Liu Chang , Xiao Kun , Xie Lixin
Published: August 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops rapidly and has high mortality. ALI/ARDS is mainly manifested as acute or progressive hypoxic respiratory failure. At present, there is no effective clinical intervention for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise for ALI/ARDS treatment due to their biological characteristics, easy cultivation, low immunogenicity, and abundant sources. The therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs in diseases are related to their homing capability, multidirectional differentiation, anti-inflammatory effect, paracrine signaling, macrophage polarization, the polarization of the MSCs themselves, and MSCs-derived exosomes. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS along with the biological characteristics and mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy
Authors: Fabisiak Timothy , Patel Manisha
Published: August 2022

The roles of both neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of epilepsy have begun to receive considerable attention in recent years. However, these concepts are predominantly studied as separate entities despite the evidence that neuroinflammatory and redox-based signaling cascades have significant crosstalk. Oxidative post-translational modifications have been demonstrated to directly influence the function of key neuroinflammatory mediators. Neuroinflammation can further be controlled on the transcriptional level as the transcriptional regulators NF-KB and nrf2 are activated by reactive oxygen species. Further, neuroinflammation can induce the increased expression and activity of NADPH oxidase, leading to a highly oxidative environment. These factors additionally influence mitochondria function and the metabolic status of neurons and glia, which are already metabolically stressed in epilepsy. Given the implication of this relationship to disease pathology, this review explores the numerous mechanisms by which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress influence one another in the context of epilepsy. We further examine the efficacy of treatments targeting oxidative stress and redox regulation in animal and human epilepsies in the literature that warrant further investigation. Treatment approaches aimed at rectifying oxidative stress and aberrant redox signaling may enable control of neuroinflammation and improve patient outcomes.
Naringenin ameliorates myocardial injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: He Yongpeng , Wang Shuaiqi , Sun Hao , Li Yan , Feng Jian
Published: August 2022

Diabetes-induced myocardial damage leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy and is closely associated with the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Naringenin (NG) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether NG has cardioprotective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of NG on diabetic cardiomyopathy based on an analysis of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice. The results indicated that NG reduced cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in this diabetic model, accompanied by reduced blood glucose. NG inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines, the level of reactive oxygen species and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), whereas the expression of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were greatly enhanced by NG. Furthermore, in high glucose-treated H9C2 myocardial cells, NG effectively reduced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. NG's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were mechanistically associated with NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2 activation in animal and cell experiments. Data analysis showed that NG could regulate Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways to protect against diabetes-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation.
Cardiovascular adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: A real world study from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Wu Si , Bai Hansheng , Zhang Ling , He Jiamin , Luo Xiangru , Wang Shiyi , Fan Guangjun , Sun Na
Published: August 2022

Background

The reported rate of cardiovascular adverse events (CAE) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is low but potentially fatal. Assess the risk of CAE in cancer patients and compare the incidence of CAE between Chinese developed ICIs and imported ICIs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on cancer patients treated with ICI for at least four cycles in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2018 to March 2022. Baseline characteristics, physiological and biochemical values, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were compared between patients with and without CAE.

Results

Among 495 patients treated with ICIs, CAEs occurred in 64 patients (12.93%). The median time to the event was 105 days (61–202). The patients with low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (L-NLR) were significantly associated with the risk of developing CAE (hazard ratio HR 3.64, 95% confidence ratio CI 1.86–7.15, P = 0.000). Patients with higher comorbidity burden significantly increased the risk of developing CAE (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.61, P = 0.014). Those who received a combination of ICI and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.37–4.84, P = 0.003) or thoracic radiation therapy (HR 32.93, 95% CI 8.81–123.14, P = 0.000) were at a significantly increased risk of developing CAE. Compared to baseline values, creatine kinase is -oenzymes (CK-MB) (95% CI -9.73 to -2.20, P = 0.003) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (95% CI -1.06 to -0.06, P = 0.028) were elevated, and the QTc interval prolonged (95% CI -27.07 to -6.49, P = 0.002). Using nivolumab as a control, there was no difference in CAE risk among the eight ICIs investigated. However, the results of the propensity matching showed that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors had lower CAE occurrence compared with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors (adjusted HR = 0.38, P = 0.045).

Conclusion

Patients who received concurrent VEGFR inhibitors and ICIs had a history of thoracic radiation therapy, L-NLR, and higher comorbidity burden had an increased risk of CAEs. Elevated cTnI, CK-MB, and QTc, can be used to monitor CAEs. There was no significant difference in CAE risks between Chinese domestic and imported ICIs. PD-L1 inhibitors had lower CAE occurrence than PD-1 inhibitors.
Effects of oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with pulmonary diseases
Authors: Lai Jiying , Feng Shenghui , Xu Shuo , Liu Xin
Published: August 2022

Background

To evaluate the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs) therapy, including vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with pulmonary diseases.

Methods

Literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were screened until June 2022. Studies assessing OACs for pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were evaluated for inclusion.

Results

Our study indicated that in patients with PH, PE, and COPD, OACs could significantly reduce the mortality risk, and the effects of VKA and DOACs without statistical difference in reducing the risk of recurrent embolism events. In patients with sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) significantly increased the mortality risk, while DOACs were not. As for the safety outcome of OACs, existing studies indicate that compared with patients treated with warfarin, the users of DOAC have a lower risk of major bleeding, while there is no statistical significance between them in non-major bleeding events. In current guidelines, the anticoagulation regimen for patients with pulmonary disease has not been defined. The results of our study confirm that DOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban) are superior to VKAs in the efficacy and safety outcomes of patients with pulmonary disease.

Conclusions

Oral anticoagulant therapy brings benefits to patients with PH, PE, or COPD, while the anticoagulation regimen for patients with SSc-PAH or IPF requires serious consideration. Compared with VKA, DOAC is a non-inferior option for anticoagulation in pulmonary disease treatment. Further studies are still needed to provide more reliable evidence about the safety outcome of pulmonary disease anticoagulation.
Stemness inhibition by (+)-JQ1 in canine and human mammary cancer cells revealed by machine learning
Authors: Marção Maycon , Müller Susanne , Xavier Pedro Luiz P. , Malta Tathiane M.
Published: August 2022

Stemness is a phenotype associated with cancer initiation and progression, malignancy, and therapeutic resistance, exhibiting particular molecular signatures. Targeting stemness has been proposed as a promising strategy against breast cancer stem cells that can play a key role in breast cancer progression, metastasis, and multiple drug resistance. Here, using a previously published one-class logistic regression machine learning algorithm (OCLR) built on pluripotent stem cells to predict stemness in human cancer samples, we provide the stemness index (mRNAsi) of different canine non-tumor and mammary cancer cells. Then, we confirmed that inhibition of BET proteins by (+)-JQ1 reduces stemness in a high mRNAsi canine cancer cell. Furthermore, using public data, we observed that (+)-JQ1 can also decrease stemness in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Our work suggests that mRNAsi can be used to estimate stemness in different species and confirm epigenetic modulation by BET inhibition as a promising strategy for modulating the stemness phenotype in canine and human mammary cancer cells.
Applicability evaluation of multiple sets of soil moisture data on the tibetan plateau
Authors: Dong Xuefeng , Lai Xin , Wang Yingsi , Dong Wei , Zhu Jun , Dong Li , Cen Sixian
Published: August 2022

Based on the in situ data of the soil moisture-observation networks established at Maqu, Naqu, Ali, and Shiquanhe (Sq) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and using five evaluation indices [Pearson correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean deviation (bias), standard deviation ratio (SDV), and unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE)], the applicability of soil moisture datasets [COMBINED, ACTIVE, PASSIVE, ERA5, ERA5-Land (LAND), ERA-Interim (INTERIM), CLSM, and NOAH] was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that, at the observation-network scale, ACTIVE exhibited the best applicability in Maqu (R = 0.704, ubRMSE = 0.040 m3/m3), COMBINED performed best in Naqu (R = 0.803, bias = 0.016 m3/m3), LAND displayed the best consistency with observations in Ali (R = 0.734, bias = −0.035 m3/m3), and ERA5 not only showed the best performance in Sq (R = 0.793, bias = −0.037 m3/m3) but also exhibited good results in the other three observation networks (R > 0.6). In a smaller-scale evaluation in Maqu, ACTIVE performed best, followed by ERA5. The COMBINED and PASSIVE products had serious gaps in Ali and Sq, and had the worst applicability in the western TP. In conclusion, considering the correlation results and temporal and spatial continuities, ERA5 is the most suitable soil moisture dataset for the TP.
A novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index for prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Yuliang , Fan Jiaqi , Chen Tao , Xu Lele , Liu Pengyu , Xiao Lijia , Wu Tao , Zhou Qingchun , Zheng Qingyou , Liu Chunxiao , Chan Franky Leung , Wu Dinglan
Published: August 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Ferroptosis refers to an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death and is involved in prostate tumorigenesis. A few ferroptosis-related gene signatures have been developed to predict the prognosis for PCa patients. However, previous signatures were typically established based on biochemical recurrence-free survival, which has proven not to be a good surrogate for overall survival (OS). This study aimed to construct a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index (FRGPI) to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and response to immunotherapy for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy.

Methods

Gene expression and clinicopathological data on PCa patients were obtained from the TCGA database. Ferroptosis-related hub genes associated with DFS of PCa patients were identified by an in-depth bioinformatics analysis using a novel and comprehensive algorithm based on functional enrichment, consensus clustering, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The FRGPI was established on the basis of the genes selected using multivariate cox regression analysis and further validated in two additional PCa cohorts. Next, the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune profiles were characterized and compared between FRGPI-high and FRGPI-low subgroups. Finally, the predictive role of the FRGPI in response to immunotherapy was estimated using a metastatic urothelial cancer cohort treated with an anti-PD-L1 agent.

Results

The FRGPI was constructed based on four genes (E2F1, CDC20, TYMS, and NUP85), and FRGPI-high patients had worse DFS than FRGPI-low patients. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that FRGPI could act as an independent prognostic factor for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. A prognostic nomogram comprising the FRGPI and other clinicopathological parameters was established to predict the DFS for PCa patients quantitatively. In addition, comprehensive results demonstrated that high FRGPI scores showed a significantly positive correlation with worse clinicopathological features, higher mutation counts, increased frequency of copy number variations (CNVs), higher homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and immune scores, higher mRNAsi, and more importantly, enhanced sensitivity to immunotherapy.

Conclusions

FRGPI is not only a promising and robust prognostic biomarker, but also a potential indicator of immunotherapeutic outcomes for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy.
An iDTMC-based Monte Carlo depletion of a 3D SMR with intra-pin flux renormalization
Authors: Kim Inhyung , Kim Inyup , Kim Yonghee
Published: August 2022

Improved deterministic truncation of the Monte Carlo (iDTMC) solution method has been applied to neutronic depletion analyses of a nuclear reactor in this work. The theoretical background on the iDTMC method and material depletion calculation is briefly discussed, and the concept of an intra-pin renormalization scheme is presented to determine the detailed power and flux profiles with the pin-wise homogenized iDTMC solutions. The iDTMC method is applied and evaluated in a 100 MWth 3-dimensional small modular reactor (SMR) problem. Burnup-dependent multiplication factors, pin power distributions, and material densities are estimated by the iDTMC method and compared with the reference and standard Monte Carlo solutions. Numerical performance is investigated in terms of real standard deviation, root-mean-square and relative errors, computing time, and figure-of-merit. The numerical results demonstrate that the iDTMC method is superior to the standard MC method in estimating the burnup-dependent reactor eigenvalue and 3D pin-wise power distribution.
Imported intermediates, technology spillover, and green development: Evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Huang Yingfei , Pei Jiansuo
Published: August 2022

Firms are critical stakeholders to achieve sustainable development. Thus, corporate environmental performance is a subject of broad concern. In an era of globalization, the relationship between trade and environment is hotly debated. One of the central questions is—will imported intermediates contribute to pollution abatement? Using Chinese firm-level data from 2000 to 2013, the article measures the technology spillover of imported intermediates and empirically tests the inhibitory effect and influence mechanism on pollution intensity with a fixed effects model and an instrumental variable approach. We find that: 1) the technology spillover directly increases innovation and indirectly affects innovation by importing diversity. Imported intermediates empower firms with insufficient innovation to control pollution. However, the incentive effect declines when innovation gradually improves. 2) The technology spillover diffuses along the industrial chain. Downstream firms benefit from the diffusion and thus have lower pollution intensity than upstream firms. 3) The technology spillover contributes to the end-of-pipe emission reduction. Also, it improves energy efficiency and promotes source governance. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of imported intermediates differ along a number of dimensions including sourcing countries, firm ownership, and location. Thus, we pinpoint a new channel concerning trade-induced technique effect. Meanwhile, our results confirm the rationale of liberalization and facilitation policies for imported intermediates, that is, trade policies have the potential to better contribute to sustainable development goals.
How a Successful Implementation and Sustainable Growth of e-Commerce can be Achieved in Developing Countries; a Pathway Towards Green Economy
Authors: Mustafa Sohaib , Hao Tengyue , Qiao Yu , Kifayat Shah Sayed , Sun Ruodan
Published: August 2022

Apart from the goal of the digital world and other benefits of e-commerce, it becomes the need of time during this COVID-19 pandemic. Successful implementation and sustainable growth of e-commerce in developing countries is a challenge. The goal of the digital world without the implementation and sustainable growth of e-commerce in developing countries is incomplete. Based on UTAUT theory, we have developed an integrated model to study the developing countries’ consumers’ adoption intentions towards e-commerce. We collected a valid useable sample of 796 respondents from a developing country, applied the SEM-ANN two-step hybrid approach to testing the proposed hypothesis, and ranked the antecedents according to their importance. Results revealed that Trust in e-commerce, Perceived risk of using e-commerce, Ease of use in e-commerce, Curiosity about e-commerce, Facilitating Conditions, and Awareness of e-commerce benefits influence the adoption intentions of developing countries’ consumers. Sensitivity analysis results revealed that Ease of use in e-commerce platforms and awareness of e-commerce benefits are the two most crucial factors behind the adoption intentions in developing countries. The study’s findings help authorities adopt sustainable e-commerce, multinational companies effectively market their goods online, and academics better understand how inhabitants of developing nations perceive e-commerce.
Assessment of mercury enrichment in lake sediment records from Alberta Oil Sands development via fluvial and atmospheric pathways
Authors: Kay Mitchell L. , Wiklund Johan A. , Sun Xiaoyu , Savage Cory A. M. , Adams Jennifer K. , MacDonald Lauren A. , Klemt Wynona H. , Brown Kathleen C. , Hall Roland I. , Wolfe Brent B.
Published: August 2022

Exploitation of bitumen-rich deposits in the Alberta Oil Sands Region (AOSR) by large-scale mining and processing activities has generated widespread concern about the potential for dispersal of harmful contaminants to aquatic ecosystems via fluvial and atmospheric pathways. The release of mercury has received attention because it is a potent neurotoxin for wildlife and humans. However, knowledge of baseline mercury concentration prior to disturbance is required to evaluate the extent to which oil sands development has contributed mercury to aquatic ecosystems. Here, we use stratigraphic analysis of total mercury concentration ([THg]) in radiometrically dated sediment cores from nine floodplain lakes in the AOSR and downstream Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD) and two upland lakes in the PAD region to establish pre-1900 baseline [THg] and evaluate if [THg] has become enriched via fluvial and atmospheric pathways since oil sands mining and processing began in 1967. Concentrations of THg in sediment cores from the study lakes range from 0.022–0.096 mg/kg (dry wt.) and are below the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines for freshwater (0.17 mg/kg). Results demonstrate no enrichment of [THg] above pre-1900 baseline via fluvial pathways at floodplain lakes in the AOSR or PAD. Enrichment of [THg] was detected via atmospheric pathways at upland lakes in the PAD region, but this occurred prior to oil sands development and aligns with long-range transport of emissions from coal combustion and other anthropogenic sources across the northern hemisphere recognized in many other lake sediment records. The inventory of anthropogenic [THg] in the upland lakes in the AOSR is less than at the Experimental Lakes Area of northwestern Ontario (Canada), widely regarded as a “pristine” area. The absence of enrichment of [THg] in lake sediment via fluvial pathways is a critical finding for stakeholders, and we recommend that monitoring at the floodplain lakes be used to inform stewardship as oil sands operators prepare to discharge treated oil sands process waters directly into the Athabasca River upstream of the PAD.
Differences in intestinal microflora of birds among different ecological types
Authors: Wang Jia , Hong Mingsheng , Long Juejie , Yin Yanqiang , Xie Jianmei
Published: August 2022

The intestinal microflora of animals plays a key role in metabolism, immunity, and development. Birds distributed across multiple ecological habitats. However, little is known about the differences in the intestinal microflora of birds among different ecological types. In this study, bird feces from different ecological types and orders were collected in Chongqing Zoo, China. In this study, high throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene (amplicon sequencing) and metagenomics were used to analyze the composition and function differences of gut microbiota communities among different ecological types/orders. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria phyla for all samples but there were significant differences in the α-diversity, community structure and microbial interactions between birds of different ecological types. The function differences involve most aspects of the body functions, especially for environmental information processing, organismal systems, human diseases, genetic information processing, and metabolism. These results suggest that diet and habitat are potential drivers of avian gut microbial aggregation. This preliminary study is of great significance for further research on the intestinal microflora of different ecological types of birds.