bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Total and Individual Flavonoids from Aerial parts of Achillia santolina grown in Iraq
Authors: Al-Ogaili Niran A. , Al-Jaboury Ibrahim S. , Mohammed Hasan Zainab Yaseen
Published: March 2023

An increasing interest in the research and isolation of different flavonoids from plants due to their beneficial and potential therapeutic effects as reported in many literatures. Achillia santolina belongs to the family Astaraceae, is a known plants rich in flavonoids and other phytochemicals that exhibit many biological activities like cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cholesterol level reduction and anticancer activity. The plant total flavonoids had been extracted by reflux condenser apparatus with 10% aqueous HCl then aglycone moiety was obtained with ethyl acetate. Quantitatively, the extraction yield of ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was 0.7689gm/40 gm (1.922%) of dry plant materials.While the total flavonoid content was (22.01362±2.1mg/g) of Quercetin equivalent of dry extract. For quantitative estimation of individual aglycons, Luteolin showed the highest concentration in EA fraction followed by Apigenin, Isorhamnetin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol with concentrations of (0.223±0.17), (0.184±0.18), (0.151±0.14), (0.148±0.08), and (0.024±0.10) μg/mg of dry extract, respectively. The current study showed Achillia santolina grown in Iraq is a valuable plant and considered as a rich source of flavonoids for combating many diseases.
VÎRANÎ BABA’NIN FAKR-NÂMESİNDE TASAVVUFÎ UNSURLAR
Authors: ATALAN Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Bektaşilik, XIV. yüzyıldan itibaren Anadolu’da şekillenmeye başlamış, XVI. yüzyılda sistemleşerek günümüze kadar etkisini sürdürmüştür. Bu etkinin bir sonucu olarak Bektaşilik öğretilerini isleyen birçok sair ve yazar ortaya çıkmıştır. XVI. yüzyılda yaşayan Vîrânî de dönemin Bektaşî şairlerinden biridir. Vîrânî’nin Fakr-Nâme adlı eseri, tasavvufi akımlar ile beslenip dinî ve ahlaki konular üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Burada, mezheplere göre değişmeyen ve hepsinin üzerinde birleştiği, Kur’an’ın emrine ve Peygamber’in sünnetine dayanan asgari müştereklerden oluşan özgün bir Müslümanlık vardır. Ön planda tutulan dinî motifler, bütün Müslümanların üzerinde ittifak ettiği inanç ve ibadet esaslarıdır.
BELÂGAT YÖNÜNDEN İSRÂ SURESİNDEKİ AHLÂK MUHTEVALI ÂYETLERİN KUR’ÂN İRŞADINDAKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Hamza
Published: March 2023

Peygamberler, gönderildikleri toplumun dillerini fasih ve beliğ bir şekilde kullandıkları oranda kendilerine gelen vahyi onlara daha etkili bir şekilde anlatma imkânına sahip olmuşlardır. Arap şiirinin zirvede olduğu bir döneme peygamber olarak gönderilen Hz. Muhammed, o toplumda Arap dilini en fasih bir şekilde konuşan kabilede çocukluğunu geçirmesi yanında Kur’an’ın mu’ciz belagatiyle yetişmiş ve Kur’an mesajını kavmine etkili bir şekilde tebliğ etmiştir. Bu nedenle olmalı ki, yirmi üç yıllık bir dönemde bölgesindeki insanlar onun irşadıyla İslam dinine girmişlerdir. Aynı şekilde Kur’an da muhataplarına, onların anlayabilecekleri dille hitap etmekte ve kelamı farklı üslupla etkili bir şekilde muhatabın zihnine yerleştirmektedir. Dini irşatta ahlakın yeri büyüktür. Kur’an’da ahlâkî ilkelerin çoğunun bir arada bulunduğu sure, İsrâ suresidir. Bu surede açıklanan ahlak kuralları çoğunlukla genel kural karakterini taşımakla birlikte önceki dinî metinlerde de zikri geçen ilkelerdir. Bu surede geçen ahlak kurallarının belagat yönünden tahlili yapılarak, kullanılan anlatım üslupları ve kelamın muhatabı etkilemesi incelenmiştir. Surede geçen ahlak muhtevalı ayetler ve Tevrat’ta geçen on emir, muhteva ve üslup yönünden karşılaştırılmış ve Kuran irşadının etkisi çeşitli yönlerden ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, ahlâk ihtiva eden ayetlerin üslubunun Tevrat’ta geçen on emir ifade tarzından farklılık gösterdiği ve belagat açısından Kur’an irşadının edebi yönünü ortaya koyan bir örnek mahiyetindedir.
Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học tập 130 (6) 2020
Authors: Nghiên cứu Y học Tạp chí
Published: March 2023

Toàn văn Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học tập 130 (6) 2020
Acute Generalized Post-Cesarean Peritonitis Complicated by Abdominal Gangrene at Conakry University Hospital: A Case Report
Authors: Diakité Saikou Yaya , Camara Fodé Lansana , Diakité Sandaly , Baldé Habiboulaye , Bah Ibrahima Koussy , Barry Alpha Madiou , Barry Thierno Illah , Sow Zakaria , Sylla Hamidou , Diallo Biro
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To discuss the difficult diagnosis of a rare case of post-cesarean peritonitis complicated by abdominal wall gangrene. Case Report: Mrs. A.D, 25 years old, admitted on 9/24/2018 for fluid flow through the operative wound, abdominal pain, fever, cough. Evolution 6 days. Onset: edema, redness, blisters of the abdominal wall then fluid flow through the surgical wound of a cesarean section (breech presentation) at 38 weeks, performed on 9/15/2018 in a medico-communal center in Conakry. Patient readmitted on D6: abdominal necrosis+blisters: dressing of the operative wound, Ampicillin 1 g, Perfalgan 1 g then referred to visceral surgery at Donka National Hospital. No specific background. No known allergy. Use of dermocorticoids for skin depigmentation for the duration of 2 years. G2, P2, Cesarean section 1, Alive 1, Died 1. Patient conscious, hypocoloured in teguments and conjunctivae: BP=110/70 mm Hg, pulse=104/min, FR=24 cycles/min, temperature=37.8°C. Abdomen: wound extending from the hypogastrium up to 3 cm above the umbilical bone, also involving the flanks, with necrotic background+foulsmelling whitish pus. TV: vulva covered with sero-hematic secretions. Leukocytes 16 G/l Hb 9 g/l VS accelerated. At laparotomy: necrotic areas of the skin at the parietal peritoneum, discharge of 1 liter of foul-smelling purulent fluid. Then midline above and below umbilical incision connecting the transverse incision: deposits of fibrin throughout the cavity, intact uterine sutures: removal of fibrin. Peritoneal toilet. Aponeurotic approximation. Stripping of necrotic tissue. Parietal washing, dressing. Peritoneal fluid: Staphylococcus aureus, ceftriaxone 1 g IV twice a day. postoperative follow-up: iterative necrosectomies, complete healing on postoperative eventration. Conclusion: Possibility of post-cesarean peritonitis with progression to abdominal gangrene.
Neurological and systemic manifestations in Long covid: Underestimated sequel of covid’s pandora!
Authors: SHITAL PATIL  , SHUBHAM CHOUDHARI  , VIPUL RAKA  , SANIKA NARKAR  , JAYASHRI DAHIPHALE  , GAJANAN GONDHALI
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 pandemic is phase of decline worldwide and in short time declared as pandemic is over. Globally, more than half cases are now facing either one vague or nonspecific and or organic symptoms in post covid phase. Long covid symptoms has significant impact on quality of life in those cases suffered from disease in recent past and lingering to almost two years since infection. Importantly, not all cases of COVID-19 were shown long covid symptoms. Most common long covid symptoms as joint pain, fatigability, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, hair loss, chest pain, weight gain, anxiety/depression & memory impairment. Neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, endocrine & rheumatological systems were badly affected in long covid. Brain fog, renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus were frequently documented as systemic manifestations of long covid. Pathophysiology resulting into long covid manifestations is still not completely validated. Researchers have reported ‘immune dysregulation’, ‘autoimmunity’, ‘antigenic mimicry’ & ‘coagulation abnormalities’ are probable pathophysiological mechanism for long covid. Some of the long covid effects shown complete reversibility including post covid lung fibrosis. Reboot system to restore immune dysregulation and recovery in long covid is real concern. Protocolised approach is required for timely workup of cases with long covid symptoms. Effect of vaccination in preventing long covid is not known and impact of evolution of new strains COVID-19 in future on ongoing long covid is real concern.
Discurso teatral, corpo e educação estética: um passeio de bike autoficcionado
Authors: Gonçalves Jean Carlos
Published: March 2023

Situado no escopo temático Artes do Corpo e(m) discurso, o presente artigo, apoiado teórico-metodologicamente nos estudos de Bakhtin e o Círculo (Análise Dialógica do Discurso) em diálogo com a semiótica da cultura de Iuri Lótman, se propõe a discutir as relações entre discurso teatral, corpo e educação estética, tomando como caso particular um passeio de bicicleta realizado pelo pesquisador na cidade de Curitiba, compreendendo um trecho de 15 quilômetros, percorridos em ciclovia entre os parques Passeio Público e São Lourenço.  Os resultados apontam para indícios da presença do discurso teatral no passeio em questão, confirmada pela configuração autoficcionada da personagem O Ciclista, desde sua preparação para sair de casa, incidindo pela análise da relação entre corpo e cidade e desembocando na noção de educação estética, intrínseca à própria experimentação na qual se situa o corpus da pesquisa.
Os sentidos de corpo e as relações com a identidade de licenciandos em artes visuais: o que dizem as cartas de uma performance art?
Authors: Sperber José Inacio , Carvalho Carla
Published: March 2023

O artigo tem como tema o corpo e relações de identidade de um grupo de licenciandos de um curso de Artes visuais num processo de elaboração de uma performance art. Tem como objetivo: identificar os discursos presentes nos enunciados da performance art “Cartas a um Armário”. Discute a linguagem da Performance Art e as Artes do Corpo. Tem como aporte teórico os estudos de Bakhtin e o Círculo. Realiza uma análise do discurso num corpus de sete cartas escritas pelos licenciandos/ performers. Evidenciamos em "Cartas a um armário" relações acerca do corpo e violência sexual; corpo e gênero e sexualidade e o corpo e violência intrafamiliar. Observou-se que as identidades se constituem em movimentos de intensas relações com sujeitos e contextos familiares, religiosos e da sociedade de modo geral. Pode-se afirmar que estas esferas deixam marcas intensas em suas identidades, modos de ver, ser e pensar o mundo.
A juridificação da vida e o ensino domiciliar em questão
Authors: Septimio Carolline , Pessoa Marcio De Souza
Published: March 2023

Sabendo que o discurso em prol da prática dos pais em educar as crianças em um ambiente doméstico ganha força no contexto educacional brasileiro, este artigo objetiva analisar as questões imanentes à temática do ensino domiciliar como uma política pública educacional. O estudo é marcado por análise da realidade brasileira, decompondo-se tanto em uma crítica social quanto uma investigação sobre as premissas e condições da educação no país. Metodologicamente, o texto é dirigido mediante análise qualitativa realizada em razão de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas homeschooling e escolarização, com ênfase na análise da evolução histórica feita por Honneth (2009; 2015; 2001) em relação ao conceito de liberdade, bem como na análise sobre as patologias modernas decorrentes da adoção de uma má compreensão sobre tal conceito. Chega-se à conclusão de que a prática do homeschooling não corresponde aos anseios da sociedade atual por se tratar de política que isola a criança e acentua as desigualdades sociais do país, na medida em que gera um déficit no reconhecimento entre iguais.

 

Palavras-chave: Homeschooling. Educação. Juridificação da vida. Liberdade.
Ensino Remoto Emergencial no Brasil: reflexões teóricas à luz da teoria dos habitus de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Guach Hans Carrillo , Vettorassi Andréa
Published: March 2023

Dentre os muitos impactos da pandemia global da COVID-19 nos anos de 2020 e 2021, destacam-se os referentes à suspensão dos calendários acadêmicos nos mais diferentes níveis de formação. Nas universidades brasileiras, o Ensino Remoto Emergencial foi adotado como possibilidade de permanência das atividades de ensino durante o isolamento social. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do artigo é o de trazer reflexões, à luz da teoria dos habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, sobre o impacto que a implementação do Ensino Remoto Emergencial teve no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). O principal pressuposto é que a teoria de Bourdieu é pertinente para analisar dinâmicas educacionais, no entanto, pelo menos no contexto institucional antes referido, esta modalidade de ensino também tem condicionado processos de ensino-aprendizagem que revelam a necessidade de aperfeiçoar a compreensão da relação entre sucesso escolar, habitus e instituições educativas, especialmente a partir de realidades que não foram consideradas por este autor. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o artigo se baseia em uma abordagem exploratória, bem como na aplicação de métodos empíricos como a revisão bibliográfica, documental e a observação participante.
Homeschooling in the United States: An Overview of the Washington State Regulations and Implementation
Authors: Bodah Eliane Thaines
Published: March 2023

In the past few years, there was a noticeable increase in homeschooling, parent or guardian -directed education, in the United States. This work has as its main objective to increase awareness on the topic using Washington State as model. The methods were literature review, exploring State regulations and qualitative interviews on implementation- in practice, sampling users of this system. Challenges and advantages of this educational system were presented. The main reported benefits were flexibility or freedom to choose the curricula, to change the schedule, to determine priorities, as well as the direct involvement in their children’s education. Our results have shown that the significant increase on homeschooling, in these past years, can be related to different reasons such as faith-based or religious practices within the family, or as a product of the covid-19 pandemic, when the majority of parents were required to become closer to their children’s learning process, without in-person instruction.
A Clinical Study about the Frequency of Physiological Skin Changes Observed in Pregnant Females
Authors: Sheikh Mariam , Mumtaz Ambreen , Salahuddin Nosheen , Munir Qurat-Ul-Aian
Published: March 2023

Objective: To find out the frequency of physiological skin changes in pregnant females. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant females presenting in outpatient departments of dermatology & gynaecology, obstetrics at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore were enrolled over a period of 1year from June 2020 till June 2021. All consenting pregnant females were enrolled in this study and pregnant females with pre-existing skin diseases and having specific dermatosis of pregnancy were excluded from this study. Detailed history was taken & their complete physical & dermatological examination was carried out and the findings were noted down in pre-designed performa. Results: Physiological skin changes were observed in all the patients in our study. The agr range of patients in this study was 18-35 years, the mean age being 25.06 years. The most common cutaneous manifestation observed was hyperpigmentation out of which linea nigra was commonest finding present in 92% of patients, hyperpigmentation on various parts of body in 16 %, melasma in 12% of patients and 76% of patients showed vascular changes. Practical Implications: The rationale of this study is to assess the frequency of physiological changes occurring in pregnant females. So that they can be promptly and correctly diagnosed and thus reducing the emotional and financial stress on community. Conclusion: Pregnant females suffer from a variety of physiological skin changes. Awareness & recognition of these changes will help in timely diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Pregnancy, skin physiological changes, hyperpigmentation, melasma, vascular changes
Therapeutic Role of Clinical Inertia among Patients with Degenerative Arthritis
Authors: Khan, Noor Ullah , Arshad Mazhar , Zafar Anam , Ehsan Afifa , Idrees Muhammad Haris , Gillani Syed Zahra
Published: March 2023

Aim: In underdeveloped countries, clinicians face obstacles in achieving goals of management in conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, arthritis, sciatica, and lower back pain. In practice, clinical inertia plays a notable role as a factor that leads to inadequate management of chronic diseases. Clinical inertia has on no occasion been elaborated in musculoskeletal disorders in Pakistan. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to check the occurrence of clinical inertia among patients with degenerative arthritis and to know the medical errors associated with it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to December 2022 and included 150 study participants suffering from degenerative osteoarthritis by non-probability convenient sampling. Data were collected by retrospective chart reviews from private physical therapy clinics in Lahore. Friedman ANOVA was used for comparison between NPRS at the time of the first visit; at week 1 and week 2. Results: The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant difference (P ≤ 0.000) between the pain of study participants at the time of the first visit, after one week, and after the second week. The study also showed that the charts of the research participants receiving treatment did not mention the range of motion associated with degenerative osteoarthritis which is considered one of the crucial goals in patients suffering from degenerative osteoarthritis. Practical Implication: There is a dire need to have an in-depth knowledge of clinical inertia and its factors which will ultimately help to develop specific strategies to minimize reflexive errors that play a causative role in clinical idleness. Conclusions: There is a difference in pain intensity of patients in the first week and during the second week but there is a high risk of clinical inertia in physical therapy practice related to lack of knowledge. Keywords: Degenerative Arthritis, Inertia, Joint Diseases, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Osteoarthritis, Physiotherapy, and Physical Therapy.
Dental Care use and Self-Reported Dental Problems in Children in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shahzad Hazik B. , Kazmi Farhat , Manzar Saadia , Rashid Shahrayne , Awais Faiza , , Arshad Anas Imran , Ghafoor Mohammad Khan , Zahra Sakeena , Zahra Baneen , Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W , Khan Shaleezay Rashid
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Oral diseases affect a probable 90% of school children worldwide. Understanding the behaviours among children would give us the information required to create better health programmes. This cross-sectional research aims to assess oral health behaviours among school children. Methods: Data was collected using a WHO oral health questionnaire for children and 527 students participated from four schools in Lahore. Results: The research shows that in schools in Lahore, there are still 29.5% of students who are irregular in their brushing habits. The use of toothpaste was widespread although information on fluoride in toothpaste was limited. Students regularly took milk and tea with added sugar (43.9% and 49.2%). Fresh fruit consumption was 22%. According to regression analysis, females were 1.96 times more likely to be made fun of their teeth when compared to males. Higher parental education brought about significantly better brushing habits but also significantly higher odds for eating candies and sweets (1.29) and lower odds (0.57) for eating fresh fruits. High consumption of sugary foods was related to more dental visits. Practical implication & Conclusion: Self-assessed dental health is positive amongst the students in Lahore. However, this research indicates a significant portion of the students have irregular oral hygiene practices and sporadic dental visitation. Oral health education should be incorporated into the school environment with the support of teachers and parents so that it becomes a lifetime practice. Keywords: Child oral health, WHO oral health questionnaire, Fresh fruit consumption.
Bile Duct Reconstruction: Results of Various Techniques
Authors: Ahmad Siddique , Alam Muhammad , Khan Ali Gohar , Tahir Rizmi , Amin Sheema
Published: March 2023

Background: Due to the complex nature and diversity of bile duct injury (BDI) controversy exists regarding the best management plan of BDIs and sometimes this problem may be difficult to be managed even in the hands of an experience surgeon. Aim: To evaluate different procedures used in the management of bile duct injuries Study Design: Prospective cohort study Place and Duration of Study: General Surgical Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex KPK, Pakistan from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Twenty five patients were enrolled for appropriate management of bile duct injuries. The age range was 15-70 years. Results: Seven (28%) were males and 18 (72%) were females with mean age was 42 year. CBD injury occurred in 17 (68%) patients after open and 8 (32%) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Majority of the patients presented with obstructive jaundice 76% and bile leak 16%. Other presentation include biliary peritonitis, biloma, cholangitis etc were 8%. Fourteen (56%) patients had type E injuries and underwent Roux-en-y hepatico-jejunostomy. No patient presented with major bile leak or disruption of anastomosis. Minor leak occurred in 4 (16%), wound infection in 6 (24%), bleeding in 1 (4%), pulmonary embolism in 1 (4%). Conclusion: Simple bile duct injuries can be treated with lateral repairs however for more major injuries Roux-en-y hepatico-jejunostomy can produce satisfactory results depending on Strasberg-classification and bile duct status. Keywords: Reconstruction, Roux-En-Y hepaticojejunostomy, Bile duct injuries, Biliary stricture
Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of 1% brinzolamide and 0.5% timolol fixed combination in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Sidorova A. V. , Starostina A. V. , Burlakov K. S. , Kokaeva E. A. , Buldakov I. A.
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of swtiching patients requiring a fixed combination of hypotensive eye drops from brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% Azarga (Alcon Laboratories Inc, USA) to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% Brinarga (Sentiss Pharma, India), as well as to study the potential impact on tolerability and compliance, and compare the therapeutic effect of these two combinations.

METHODS. Patients were switched from brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination eye drops Azarga to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination eye drops Brinarga. In addition to the conventional instrumental examination methods, a questionnaire was used to identify potential side effects.

RESULTS. Thirty-six patients (14 men and 22 women aged 41–89 years) were interviewed and examined in control appointments. A comparison of the severity and persistence of side effects of two types of fixed combination eye drops showed that brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% (Brinarga) and brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% (Azarga) can be considered as safe and effective conservative methods of glaucoma treatment.

CONCLUSION. The fixed combination of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% (Brinarga) is comparable to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% (Azarga) in terms of the IOP reduction effectiveness. No pronounced adverse reactions were detected, which was comparable to the status before the change of therapy. Thus, the combination of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% (Brinarga) can be considered as an effective and safe treatment option for glaucoma patients.
İNGİLİZLERE VERİLEN PETROL İMTİYAZLARININ İRAN’A TESİRİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Alper
Published: March 2023

İran, sahip olduğu yeraltı kaynakları sebebiyle 20. yüzyıldan itibaren birçok devletin odak noktası olmuş, bu durum Batı sömürge siyasetinin İran üzerindeki tesirini arttırmıştır. 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde İran’da petrol varlığına dair yapılan araştırmalar olumlu sonuç verince, bu kaynağın getirisinden mahrum kalmak istemeyen Batılı girişimciler imtiyaz elde etme telaşına düşmüşlerdir. İlerleyen süreçte dünya enerji ihtiyacının kömürden petrole dönüşümü başlamış ve bu durum hammaddeden yoksun Batılı sanayi ülkelerini petrol arayışına itmiştir. Bu hususta müteşebbis William Knox D’Arcy’nin kendi imkânlarıyla elde ettiği imtiyazlar daha sonradan İngiltere Devleti’nin dikkatini çekmiştir. Böylece İngiltere, İran petrolleri özelinde bölgede yeni bir siyasetle ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İran petrol imtiyazlarının verilme koşullarını tespit etmek, bu imtiyazların Batılılar tarafından ele geçirilme sürecini ve tüm bu aşamaların İran üzerine tesirini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışma 19. yüzyılın sonlarından, İngiltere Devleti’nin APOC’un %51 hissesine ortak olduğu 1914 yılına kadar geçen süreyle ve İran coğrafyasıyla sınırlandırılmıştır.
Gender Pay Gap in the Slovak Labour Market
Authors: Harman Jakub
Published: March 2023

Inequality in remuneration and specifically the gender pay gap have been the subject of research by economists for many years. This contribution focuses on the investigation of the gender pay gap in the Slovak labour market. Structure of Earnings Survey microdata for the years 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 are used in the analysis. This paper aims to quantify the unadjusted and adjusted gender pay gap and verify the assumption that the observable characteristics are responsible for the gender pay gap rather than discrimination. The results show that the gender pay gap in the labour market persists in an unadjusted form at the level of 15%. The gender pay gap is positively correlated with education, in which investment yields greater returns for men than for women. In terms of age, women aged 40-49 are the most disadvantaged. In addition, the long-term presence of vertical segregation has been demonstrated, which prevents women from reaching better-paid positions even in female-dominated sectors. The adjusted form of the gender pay gap showed that women have better human capital characteristics than men, which are, however, correlated with their choice of job and field of education, which in turn leads to the support of sectoral and professional segregation.
Benchmarking as a Measure of Competitiveness in North Macedonia
Authors: Stevcevska Srbinoska Dusica , Petkovska Sara , Hristova Snezhana , Stevkova Shterieva Maja
Published: March 2023

Benchmarking is crucial in positioning companies on the market and achieving high financial results. Nowadays, processes, products, services and globally all segments of a business are subject to constant changes. Hence, keeping up with the activities and changes of competitors is of paramount importance. This work explores the benchmarking concept and its importance in keeping up with competition. Given the lack in existing literature, this paper contributes with an unswerving comprehension of benchmarking practices in North Macedonia, while providing foundation and directions for professionals. By using random sampling, we collect survey data from managers in North Macedonia and explore the openness to learning, implementation of changes and realistic goal setting of the subject entities. We conclude that most of the companies that took part in this research use benchmarking. Our empirical findings indicate that competitive benchmarking as well as realistic goal setting by identifying performance gaps are largely adopted practices in the Macedonian entities. We also establish that benchmarking is not a prerequisite for learning in the surveyed organizations. Nonetheless, the proportion of adopters is expected to increase as managers become more familiar with the concept of benchmarking and the benefits it can bring if applied correctly and consistently.
Estilos de liderazgo y eficiencia en el ámbito Marino Mercante
Authors: Wasbrum Tinoco Wendy Esthela , Wasbrum Tinoco Wilfrido Giovanny , Guale Sánchez Andrea de las Mercedes , Vélez García Gladys María
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo se ha realizado con la intención de que se conozca la importancia del liderazgo no sólo en el ámbito de la marina mercante, sino también el hecho de reconocer el hecho de que cuando las sociedades no están dominadas por un pensamiento común que sirva como centro de todas intelectos y cuando no reconocen dogma o principio, lo suficientemente poderoso para dar un carácter de unidad a todos sus esfuerzos, además de establecer la deseada concordia entre todas las voluntades, las sociedades son presa de una temprana decadencia que provoca dificultades en su vida orgánica, su vida intelectual se apaga, permitiendo que el individualismo los invada; provocando así un malestar íntimo y profundo no sólo en las personas, sino también en el grupo de trabajo en su conjunto, reduciendo así la eficiencia del grupo, del área de trabajo, incluso en una misma empresa. El diseño del presente estudio es de carácter cualitativo, el cual posee un alcance analítico. Se definió de carácter analítico debido a que se busca relacionar el liderazgo con el desempeño, así como las variables que están conformadas ambos factores, y que serán detalladas en el transcurso del presente trabajo de investigación. La población objetivo de este trabajo de investigación, corresponde a la Flota Petrolera Ecuatoriana (Flopec), en cuyo caso se realizó entrevistas al personal que nos puede aportar con la información necesaria para la elaboración de la investigación. Se concluye que para aumentar la eficiencia, la productividad y la eficacia del trabajo requiere comprender las diferencias y similitudes que tienen.
Causas principales de extracción de órganos dentales donados al biobanco de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, 2019
Authors: Aguirre Escobar Guillermo Alfonso , Escobar de González Wendy Yesenia , Fernández de Quezada Ruth Bernardina Esau , Turcios Bonilla Jenniffer Elizabeth , Pérez Siciliano Ana Lourdes , Cornejo Ramos Karina Evelyn
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: determinar las causas principales de extracción de órganos dentales donados al biobanco de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador (BBOD-FOUES).                                            Materiales y Métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal, el total de registros de órganos dentales fue de N=2,402. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de las fichas de los órganos dentales donados al BBOD-FOUES en 2019. Se obtuvo aprobación del Comité de Ética Nacional (CNEIS/2019/009). Las variables independientes analizadas fueron tipo de diente, sexo y grupo etario y la variable dependiente: causas de extracción. Los datos fueron analizados en el programada SPSS-26, se aplicó χ2 para establecer la relación entre variables, con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: las causas principales de exodoncia fueron caries dental (56.33 %) y enfermedad periodontal (30.77 %), con p=0.002 tanto para hombres como para mujeres. La caries dental fue la principal causa de pérdida de molares inferiores (75 %) y premolares superiores (62.19 %), mientras que por enfermedad periodontal fueron los incisivos inferiores (75.64 %). La causa principal de exodoncia en menores de 50 años fue caries dental (83 %) y en mayores de 51 años la enfermedad periodontal (17 %). Según las variables tipo de diente y edad no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las causas de extracción. Conclusión: las principales causas de extracción fueron la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal, evidenciando la importancia de contar con biobancos que contribuyan a realizar estudios que fundamenten, entre otros, nuevos biomateriales y nuevos tratamientos orientados a preservar tejidos dentales.
Conocimientos de COVID-19 en estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, 2020
Authors: Aguirre Escobar Guillermo Alfonso , Escobar de González Wendy Yesenia , Fernández de Quezada Ruth , Turcios Bonilla Jenniffer Elizabeth , Pérez Rodas Ester Abigail , Cornejo Ramos Karina Evelyn
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador sobre la enfermedad por Covid-19. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con 456 estudiantes en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador en mayo 2020, se elaboró una encuesta en línea diseñada en GoogleForms, incluyó un total de 26 preguntas de opción múltiple dividido en 3 partes. Los datos se analizaron en el software SPSS-26 e incluyó la prueba de χ2, prueba Z y análisis de regresión logística dicotómica; IC=95%. Resultados: De 426 respuestas, 337 fueron del sexo femenino (73.9%), de 21 a 25 años (44.39%), del departamento San Salvador (56.36%) en su mayoría del ciclo I en curso (27.63%). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes niveles académicos; las comparaciones de proporciones sobre el nivel de conocimiento de COVID-19, mostró que los estudiantes de I, III y V ciclo obtuvieron conocimientos bajo-medio y los estudiantes de los ciclos IX y XI presentaron mayor proporción de conocimiento alto. El OR indicó que el sexo y edad no influyen en el tipo de conocimiento y para el nivel académico mostró que a mayor ciclo académico mayor conocimiento. Conclusión: Se evidenció un óptimo nivel de conocimiento sobre aspectos generales de la enfermedad, encontrándose diferencias significativas entre los diferentes niveles académicos; mostrando que con mayor nivel académico, mayor conocimiento a excepción del ciclo XIII que con 50% presento un conocimiento bajo-medio en general.
Análisis retrospectivo de los graduados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador durante el período 2005-2013
Authors: Aguirre Escobar Guillermo Alfonso , Gómez de Martínez Aida Maricela , Fernández de Quezada Ruth
Published: March 2023

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar al graduado del doctorado en Cirugía Dental de la Universidad de El Salvador considerando las variables como ingreso, egreso y titulación del estudiante. La población de estudio fueron los registros de 330 alumnos desde el año 2005 al 2013. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva y el cálculo de proyecciones haciendo uso del programa estadístico SPSS (versión 26.0). Entre los resultados se obtuvo la tasa promedio de estudiantes regulares graduados por año siendo esta de 10.3, presentando un comportamiento constante a partir del año 2011. A la vez quedó en evidencia el predominio de población femenina y que la edad promedio del graduado es de 28 años, también que el alumno tarda en calidad de egresado 2 años; incluye la realización del año de servicio social y el proceso de grado (tesis), culminando su carrera profesional a los 8 años. Asimismo, se concluye que la tasa de egresados es un indicador bajo en relación al número de alumnos de nuevo ingreso el cual según proyecciones va en aumento. Los hallazgos de esta investigación demuestran la necesidad de estudiar otras variables que inciden en el rendimiento del estudiante, así como el cambio en las modalidades del proceso de grado realizado en el año 2020 y el impacto que ha sufrido el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a causa de la pandemia COVID-19.
Comparación de la efectividad en la remineralización de la Lesión Inicial de Caries Dental utilizando dos protocolos de aplicación y dos marcas de Flúor Barniz al 5%
Authors: Santamaria García Rocío Alejandra , Mendoza Ibañez Alma Jeaneth , Maldonado Avelar Erika Cristabel , Escobar de González Wendy Yesenia , Carranza Mendoza Iván , Rivera Ventura José Osmín , Rivas Cartagena Francisco Jose , Arbizú Trigueros Regina Guadalupe , Gómez de Martínez Aida Maricela , Aguirre Escobar Guillermo Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Introducción: La lesión inicial de caries dental es la primera manifestación clínica de caries dental producida por una pérdida de minerales del esmalte, existen diferentes marcas de flúor barnices que favorecen su remineralización y evitan el avance de la lesión. Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de dos protocolos y dos marcas comerciales de flúor barniz para la remineralización de lesión inicial de caries. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo experimental, doble ciego con dos grupos controles paralelos. La muestra fue de 68 dientes con lesión inicial de caries según diagnóstico con criterios ICDAS II (01 y 02) y con grado de desmineralización entre 13-24nm según DIAGNOdent pen®. Se usaron dos marcas de flúor barniz al 0.5%, con dos protocolos de aplicación y se realizaron 6 controles en cada uno. Se tabuló utilizando Microsoft Word Excel y se utilizó la prueba estadística de Levene y T-test empleando el software SPSS. Resultados: Todos los grupos mostraron una disminución al transcurso del tiempo del grado de desmineralización de caries incipiente. En cinco de los seis controles realizados la Sig (p-valor) fue mayor a p= 0.05 evidenciando que no existe diferencia significativa entre las marcas. La diferencia final entre protocolos fue de 16 (50.0%) dientes remineralizados para el protocolo A y 12 (31.57%) dientes para el protocolo B. Conclusiones: la aplicación de flúor barniz favoreció la remineralización al transcurso del tiempo, pero no existe diferencia significativa de efectividad entre ambos protocolos y marcas de flúor barniz
Bio-Banco de Órganos Dentales de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador
Authors: Pérez Siciliano Ana Lourdes , Santos Anaya Stefany María , Fernández de Quezada Ruth Bernardina Esaú , Escobar de González Wendy Yesenia , Escobar Aguirre Guillermo Alfonso , Aguirre de Rodríguez Katleen Argentina , Rivas Cartagena Francisco José , Turcios Bonilla Jenniffer Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Publicar  manuscrito de creación del Bio-Banco de Órganos Dentales de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador, como entidad sin fines de lucro que contiene una colección de dientes debidamente clasificados, almacenados, etiquetados y catalogados a partir de donaciones con el fin de proporcionar a estudiantes, profesores e investigadores órganos dentales que cumplan protocolos estandarizados, con especificaciones éticas, legales y de bioseguridad para disminuir y eliminar el comercio ilegal de órganos, beneficiando de esta manera las actividades académicas y proyectos de investigación. Materiales y métodos: El manuscrito corresponde al diseño de una revisión bibliográfica, se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos biomédicas y repositorios institucionales se incluyeron 32 artículos científicos, 7 programas académicos del pregrado en Cirugía Dental de la FOUES, 3 normas sanitarias nacionales y la política nacional sobre ética y legalidad para la creación del Bio-Banco. Resultados: Creación del BBOD como Proyecto Académico especial, adscrito al Centro de Investigación de la FOUES, regido bajo las normas éticas, legales y de bioseguridad nacionales e internacionales, por protocolos internos para el correcto funcionamiento, mantenimiento y conservación de las muestras biológicas resguardadas y avalado por el Comité Nacional de Ética.  Conclusión: El Bio-Banco, es un centro regido bajo normas éticas, legales y de bioseguridad nacionales e internacionales y por protocolos internos para el funcionamiento, mantenimiento y conservación de las muestras biológicas, avalado por el Comité Nacional de Ética, con el propósito principal de proveer órganos dentales para fines académicos y de investigación.
Protocolos de Bioseguridad de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19, El Salvador
Authors: Aguirre Guillermo Alfonso , Aguirre de Rodríguez Katleen , Rivas Cartagena Francisco , Juárez de Aquino Karina , Fuentes de Sermeño Ruth , Menjivar de Hernández Asucena
Published: March 2023

Este protocolo de bioseguridad de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, se ha elaborado en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19, El Salvador 2021, por parte del Centro de Investigaciones y la Escuela de Posgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, con el propósito de dar inicio de manera escalonada a las actividades académicas.
Causas de la migración interna y sus diferencias generacionales en México
Authors: González Becerril Juan Gabino , González Bejarano Diego Abelardo
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo diferenciar la migración interna a través de las metáforas de la generación de los tradicionalistas, los Baby Boomers, la Generación X, los Millennials la generación Generación Z o Centennial, criterio que ha sido muy criticado; sin embargo, tiene afinidad con los estudios demográficos de las generaciones. Este trabajo se cruzará con la causa de la migración, con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y espaciales en nuestro país entre 2014-2020. Los resultados apuntan a que, por motivoseducativos, el contexto regional tiene una mayor posibilidad de ser factor para migrar, la cual está asociada a causas familiares e inseguridad, siempre y cuando se tomen como referencia los motivos laborales y la última categoría de cada variable.
Research on the Influence of Shadow Banking Development on the Scale of Social Financing in China
Authors: Yang Zirui , Zheng Chufan
Published: March 2023

Background: With the continuous improvement and innovation of China’s market-oriented economy, some traditional financial institutions have released new financial products through financial innovation, and the transaction leverage level of most financial institutions and some non-financial institutions is also rising year by year. The latest Quarterly Monitoring Report of China’s Shadow Banks issued by Moody’s, an international rating agency, shows that the assets of China’s broad shadow banks in the first quarter decreased by about 540 billion yuan to 58.7 trillion yuan, continuing the downward trend in recent years. At the same time, China’s economy rebounded rapidly, and the proportion of shadow bank assets in nominal GDP fell to 55.4% from 58.3% at the end of 2020, the lowest level in eight years. The report shows that in the first quarter of 2021, the overall economic leverage ratio measured by the proportion of the adjusted total social financing to the nominal GDP has declined, because the nominal GDP growth in the quarter was 21.2%, far exceeding the growth of 10.1% of the total social financing. Even so, China’s shadow banks are still huge. Also, some non-financial enterprises began to operate shadow banking business, the number of shadow banking enterprises coming into the financial market is growing fast, which is the background and environment of the emergence and development of enterprise shadow banking studied in this paper. In 2020, due to the impact of the epidemic, the Chinese government will actively adjust its macro policies and release liquidity, which will further drive the development of shadow credit business. In the first quarter of 2020, the overall shadow bank assets increased by 100 billion yuan, rebounding compared with 2019. Among them, financial products and asset management products accounted for the main part, with a total increase of 350 billion yuan. Objective: This paper focuses on using different kinds of products operated by shadow banking enterprises to represent the shadow banking scale of enterprises, and explores its impact on the total amount of social financing, based on which a series of policy recommendations are given. Methods: Collect the operation data of shadow banking enterprises in the ten years from 2010 to 2019, use ols regression analysis and intermediary effect test to analyze the development of enterprises’ shadow banking scale and China’s social financing scale. Results: The development of shadow banking will affect the total scale of social financing. There is a non-linear correlation between the development of shadow banking and the total scale of social financing. Conclusion: The improvement of enterprises’ shadow banking scale will promote the expansion of social financing scale as a whole, and will have a negative effect on the productive investment of various enterprises themselves.
Enfermedad de Hirschsprung en un paciente adulto: reporte de un caso en el Hospital Central del Estado de Chihuahua, México
Authors: Enríquez Sánchez Luis Bernardo , Guerra Gallegos Óscar Ramiro , Sierra Santiesteban Francisca I. , Charles Cano Jesús Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Introducción. La enfermedad de Hirschsprung descrita por Harald Hirschsprung en 1888 es una patología rara (1/5,000 nacidos vivos) presentándose comúnmente como una obstrucción intestinal en el recién nacido. Enfermedad caracterizada por la ausencia de células ganglionares en el plexo de Auerbach e hipertrofia de los troncos nerviosos relacionados. Incidencia de 1 en cada 5,000 nacimientos vivos, con predominancia en hombres 4:1. En el adulto las manifestaciones incluyen una historia de estreñimiento crónico en los casos leves y perforación del colon en su presentación más grave. Justificación. Patología rara en el adulto con pocos casos reportados en la literatura global. Objetivo. Documentar caso clínico con revisión bibliográfica. Material y métodos. Reporte de caso. Discusión. En nuestro caso, el diagnóstico fue ratificado histopatológicamente hasta los 21 años de edad. Se incluye a los poco más de 300 casos de enfermedad de Hirschsprung en el adulto o adolescentes que han sido reportados en la literatura. Conclusión. La enfermedad de Hirschsprung en el adulto es una patología extremadamente poco común, pero no por eso debemos dejar de sospecharla en pacientes con ciertas características.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i1.127
Features of initiating criminal cases on crimes provided by Article 199.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Надиров Н.А.
Published: March 2023

В статье автор рассматривает особенности проведения проверки сообщения о преступлении по сокрытию денежных средств либо имущества организации или индивидуального предпринимателя, за счет которых должно производиться взыскание налогов, сборов, страховых взносов. В большей степени делается акцент на поводе возбуждения таких уголовных дел (часть 1.3 статьи 140 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации), в результате чего формулируются соответствующие выводы, имеющие прикладное значение.

The article discusses the features of conducting a verification of a crime report for concealing funds or property of an organization or an individual entrepreneur, at the expense of which taxes, fees, insurance premiums should be collected. To a greater extent, emphasis is placed on the reason for initiating such criminal cases (part 1.3 of Article 140 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation), as a result of which the author formulates appropriate conclusions that are of practical importance.