bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of the taxonomy of Attalea (Arecaceae)
Authors: Pintaud Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2014

The genus Attalea (Arecaceae) is distributed in continental habitats of the Neotropical region and in some Caribbean islands. Life forms of Attalea species vary from small acaulescent palms to tall and massive palms, always solitary. The ecological range of the genus encompasses most of the Neotropical ecosystems, from coastal sand dunes to sub-Andean forests up to 1600 m in elevation, lowland wet to dry forests, savannas, swamps, etc. The taxonomy of the genus has been poorly understood due to conflicting genus and species concepts that exist since the last decades. Taxonomical problems have been caused by the lack of adequate material, especially species of large size, loss of many types and difficulties in interpreting hybrids. In this article, I review the most recent taxonomic literature on Attalea. The number of species in Attalea varies from 29 to 67 depending on different authors, with a maximum estimate of 73 species when combining the revised publications. There is a consensus for the validity of 20 species among modern palm taxonomists. The most conflicting species or group of species are discussed in detail as well as the taxonomic significance of some characters such as the pattern of insertion of staminate flowers on rachillae, insertion of pinnae on rachis, and arrangement of fibrous strands in the endocarp.
Novelties in the genus Ceroxylon (Arecaceae) from Peru, with description of a new species
Authors: Galeano Gloria , Sanín María José , Mejía Kember , Pintaud Jean-Christophe , Millán Betty
Published: July 2014

A new species of Ceroxylon from Peru, C. peruvianum, is described and illustrated. The finding of disjunctive populations of C. quindiuense in Peru is discussed.
Caracterización de una zona de contacto parapátrico entre Astrocaryum macrocalyx y Astrocaryum urostachys en el límite entre la planicie Marañón-Pastaza y el Arco de Iquitos
Authors: Vargas Paredes Víctor , Pintaud Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2014

Se determinó una zona de contacto parapátrico entre Astrocaryum macrocalyx y Astrocaryum urostachys en el límite entre la planicie Marañón-Pastaza y el Arco de Iquitos, en la Amazonía norperuana. Para ello se realizó un muestreo de 35,5 hectáreas. Esta área de estudio se dividió en 9 transectos con dimensiones de 1 a 3 km por 20 m de ancho. Se tomaron datos de abundancia, altura de la planta y variaciones topográficas a lo largo de los transectos. Los resultados indican que estas especies entran en contacto solamente en una pequeña área en la zona de confluencia de los Ríos Marañón y Tigre en la margen suroccidental del arco de Iquitos. Durante la evaluación se registró un total de 1133 individuos del género Astrocaryum. La mayoría de individuos (58,5%) se ubican en las clases de tamaño inferiores (0—3,90 m de alto) mientras que los individuos mayores a 12 m representan 9,2% de los individuos censados. En las tres posiciones topográficas (pendientes, valles y colinas) la mayor cantidad de individuos están presentes en las laderas y en los zonas bajas de las colinas
Anatomía del fruto y perianto en especies peruanas del género Astrocaryum (Arecaceae): descripción e importancia taxonómica
Authors: Vegas Cecilia , Millán Betty , Pintaud Jean-Christophe , Kahn Francis
Published: July 2014

Se describen los caracteres anatómicos del fruto y perianto de 12 especies del género Astrocaryum presentes en el Perú. El fruto presenta tres zonas bien definidas: el exocarpo, formado por paquetes de fibras y esclereidas, libres o agrupadas; el mesocarpo, formado por un parénquima y cavidades esquizógenas, y el endocarpo sumamente esclerificado. La densidad de los haces conductores del cáliz es mayor en las dos especies del subgénero Astrocaryum y menor en las diez especies del subgénero Monogynanthus. Otros caracteres también diferencian las especies y las subsecciones en la sección Huicungo; por ejemplo la forma y ubicación de los paquetes de fibras en el cáliz, la densidad de braquiesclereidas en la zona distal del exocarpo, la forma de los haces conductores de la corola, los rafidios del mesocarpo, la presencia o ausencia de tricomas, y su estructura, la presencia o ausencia de colénquima laminar en el exocarpo, el anillo estaminodial libre o fusionado con la corola. Se propone una clave de identificación de las especies estudiadas a partir de los caracteres anatómicos.
Las palmeras en el conocimiento tradicional del grupo indígena amazónico Aguaruna–Huambisa
Authors: Roca Alcázar Fernando
Published: July 2014

El conocimiento botánico de las palmeras en el grupo aguaruna–huambisa, habitantes de la selva norte del Perú, se expresa de manera particular. Varios investigadores se han preguntado sobre la existencia o inexistencia del taxón genérico “palmera” en esta sociedad. Esto debido al amplio y vasto conocimiento botánico que poseen. Sin embargo hay diferencias importantes con el saber botánico científico en cuanto a la percepción de la flora amazónica y la manera como la expresan. El taxón genérico palmera, SHINKI en aguaruna, no existe como tal a diferencia de otros taxones genéricos: árbol, liana, hierba, presentes con claridad en la terminología y el conocimiento tradicional etnobotánico aguaruna-huambisa.
Distribution of the Peruvian Plantcutter Phytotoma raimondii (Passeriformes: Cotingidae)
Authors: Flanagan Jeremy N. M. , Engblom Gunnar , Franke Irma , Valqui Thomas , Angulo Fernando
Published: July 2014

The Peruvian Plantcutter, Phytotoma raimondii Taczanowski, 1883, is a restricted-range species endemic to coastal northern Peru. Historically its range is given from Tumbes in the extreme north-western Peru, south to the northern part of Lima Department. Although an increasing amount of information on the Peruvian Plantcutter exists, from historical records to new locations, it has remained dispersed, sometimes unverified, not systematized, and largely unpublished. A careful revision of museum collections as well as published and unpublished records results in a total of 53 sites where the species has been recorded and that represent the present knowledge of the distribution of the species.
Dieta de Conepatus chinga (Carnívora: Mephitidae) en un bosque de Polylepis del departamento de Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Medina César E. , Díaz Cynthia V. , Delgado Freddy A. , Ynga Gheraldine A. , Zela Herlam F.
Published: July 2014

The Andean hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus chinga) is a mephitine of widely distributed in the Peruvian Andes, Almost nothing is known about the species food habits. The present study documents the diet of the Andean hog-nosed skunk in a Polylepis forest of the western slope of the Andes in southern Peru. We analyzed 226 fecal samples, which were identified by their shape and consistency. Food items are shown based on their frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of biomass. Diet is composed of 19 components, mainly insects (94,11%) and other invertebrates (3,27%), with occasional presence of vertebrates (1,18%) and plants (1,43%), which explains the low values of the diversity indexes (1-D= 0,16) and width of trophic niche (B= 1, H´= 0,68).
Adiciones a la avifauna de los Humedales de Ite, costa sur de Perú
Authors: Vizcarra Jhonson K. , Hidalgo Nataly , Chino Elisban
Published: July 2014

The present work reports nine new records of birds species for Ite Wetlands. The species were observed between July of 2008 and June of 2009. These records increase the existent list up to 139 birds species and contribute to justify the importance of this ecosystem for the conservation.
Utilización de los actinomicetos en procesos de biofertilización
Authors: Franco-Correa Marcela
Published: July 2014

El mal uso agrícola de los suelos, que desafortunadamente ocurre en diferentes zonas cultivables, ha ido intensificando los problemas de fertilidad en los mismos. Particularmente, el uso intensivo de los fertilizantes y productos fitosanitarios químicos ha conllevado a elevar los costos de producción de muchos alimentos y otros derivados de la agricultura haciéndolos poco competitivos en el mercado. Los manejos agrícolas más sostenibles preconizan la disminución de agroquímicos, como alternativa al uso de estos compuestos, estrategias que cada día cobran más interés. En relación con los manejos sostenibles en agricultura, la posibilidad de usar técnicas basadas en el manejo de microorganismos que usualmente viven asociados a las plantas, ocurre en virtud de las acciones positivas que se sabe realizan. En efecto, determinados microorganismos que se desarrollan en asociación con las raíces de las plantas, en la llamada rizosfera, están involucrados en la promoción de crecimiento vegetal mediante un amplio rango de actividades. Estas acciones incluyen la estimulación de los ciclos biogeoquímicos de los nutrientes, mejora de la salud de la planta y la calidad estructural del suelo, factores claves de la fertilidad del mismo.
Inusual riqueza, composición y estructura arbórea en el bosque de tierra firme del Pongo Qoñec, Sur Oriente peruano
Authors: Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau
Published: July 2014

One plot of 1 ha, was established in the terra firm forest in the Pongo de Qoñec, Kosñipata valley (Cusco), inside the reserve Biósfera of the Manú, to 710 m; 12°53'53"S and 72°22'25"W. We registered, 56 families, 153 genus, 249 species, with 813 individuals with Dap ≥ 10 cm. Families, more rich were: Fabaceae (32 species), Moraceae (24), Rubiaceae (17) and Lauraceae (12); The most rich genus were, Inga (17), Neea (7), Miconia (5); the total basal area was 40.50 m2, of them Iriartea deltoidea with 6.58 m2, Socratea salazarii 2.28 m2, and Endlicheria sp 1.65 m2, obtained bigger ab; The specie with most high value of importance went: I deltoidea, corroborating previous studies in the terra firm forests. The structural analysis evidences than diametrics class of 10-20 cm, was 71.3 % of the total of individuals. When comparing our results, the Pongo Qoñec, surprisingly obtained high richness to adjacent plots, inside the Peruvian south and sample a similar patterns of richness of families and genus to most diversity Peruvian plots how Yanamono 300 species and Mishana (289), in Loreto. We considered that these unusual richness are due to environmental factors, present in the Pongo de Qoñec, such as the high precipitation, dynamics of winds and the variability of soils in little areas. Therefore these results differ considerably from known enunciates, that consider that Amazon south Peruvian have low and moderate trees richness.
Tres nuevas especies y nuevos registros de Ladoffa de Panamá (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)
Authors: Lozada Pedro W. , Freytag Paul H.
Published: July 2014

Three new Panamanian species of the genus Ladoffa: woldai Lozada & Freytag sp.nov., lamasi Lozada & Freytag sp.nov. and grandis Lozada & Freytag sp.nov., are described and illustrated herein. Likewise, new Panamanian records for the species variolaria Young, donsana Young, rubriguttata (Walker), elauta Young, dependens Young, uncata Young and trifasciata Cavichioli & Chiamolera, are reported.
Camera trap survey of medium and large mammals in a montane rainforest of northern Peru
Authors: Jiménez Carlos F. , Quintana Heidi , Pacheco Víctor , Melton Derek , Torrealva Javier , Tello Guillermo
Published: July 2014

Camera traps are a powerful tool for inventorying elusive and rare species and very useful to obtain ecologi- cal data for plans that involve wildlife conservation. In Peru, several surveys have been carried out in lowland Amazonia especially in the southeastern part of the country, but none in montane cloud forests or Yungas. We present the first camera trap studies produced in Peruvian Yungas at the locality of Querocoto village (Chota, Cajamarca), based on 2002 (dry season) and 1264 (wet season) camera traps-days (CTD). Two localities were surveyed in wet and dry season: The Pagaibamba Protection Forest and the San Lorenzo Forest. The wet season study was carried out in October and November, and the dry season in July to September of 2008. Eight mammalian species were recorded in both seasons. Some 66 (91.7%) independent records were obtained in the dry season, but only six (8.3%) in the wet one, suggesting a seasonality effect. The Mountain Paca Cunicu- lus taczanowskii was the most commonly photographed species, with 17.0 and 1.6 capture frequencies (dry and wet season respectively), whereas the Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata (0.5 capture frequency in the dry season) was the most rare species. Activity patterns suggest that Mountain Paca C. taczanowskii and the Andean Skunk C. chinga are nocturnal, while Spectacled Bear T. ornatus and Tayra E. barbara are diurnal in the study area. Our records of the Ocelot Leopardus pardalis and the Tayra E. barbara are among the highest altitudinal records known for each species. In addition, the Anta Tapirus pinchaque was also identified by its tracks, representing one of the first record known south of the Huancabamba Depression.
Endoparásitos de micromamíferos del noroeste de Perú. 1: helmintos de marsupiales
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel , Díaz Mónica , Sánchez Nofre , Portocarrero Harold
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we report the results of parasitological examination performed on 40 specimens of marsupials species: Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops noctivagus, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Marmosa (Micoureus)regina, Monodelphis adusta, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum from department of Loreto, Peru. The endoparasites were: Nematoda: Aspidodera sp., Cruzia tentaculata, Physaloptera mirandai, Physaloptera sp., Pterygodermatites sp., Trichuris sp., Turgida turgida, and Viannaia sp.; Trematoda: Podo- spathalium pedatum; Acanthocephala: Giganthorhynchus ortizi and Pentastomida: nymph. For the first time Trichuris sp., Pterygodematities sp., Turgida turgida, Viannaia sp. and Podospathalium pedatum are reported from marsupials in Peru. Also, for the first time the following parasite-hosts associations are recorded: Pterygo- dermatites sp.-Marmosa regina, Viannaia sp.-Marmosops noctivagus, Trichuris sp.-Marmosops cf. noctivagus, Podospathalium pedatum-Monodelphis adusta, Giganthorhynchus ortizi-Marmosops cf. noctivagus, and nymphs of pentastomida-Marmosa regina and Metachirus nudicaudatus.
Efectos de la salinidad sobre el desarrollo de embriones de Cryphiops caementarius (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) incubados in vitro
Authors: Fuentes Adelhi S. , Mogollón Anghela V. , Reyes Walter E.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work was to study the effects of salinity on the development of embryos of Cryphiops caemen- tarius incubated in vitro. We used embryos of early development, from a unique female. The incubators were of 400 mL, with 4 salinity treatments of 0, 10, 20 and 30 ‰, three replicates, and 200 embryos each incubator. The 80% of the water was renewed frequently. The salinities between 0‰ and 30‰ did not affect the develop- ment of the embryos up to the stage 6. The salinities of 10 and 20 ‰ caused delay of the development of the stages 7 and 8; and the salinity of 30‰ caused death of the stage 7. In freshwater the 70,3% of the embryos survived and larvae were normal; on the other hand in salinity at 10‰ to 13,5% and 20‰ only 7,9% achieved larvae hatch but with deformations.
Utilización de la proteína dietaría por alevinos de la gamitana, Colossoma macropomum, alimentados con dietas isocalóricas
Authors: Gutiérrez Félix Walter , Quispe Máximo , Valenzuela Luz , Contreras Guadalupe , Zaldívar Javier
Published: July 2014

An experiment was conducted to examine effects of five levels of dietary protein (25, 27, 29, 31 y 33%) on performance by the gamitana, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier 1818. The parameters measured were weight gain (WG), food conversion (Fe), retained protein (RP), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and retained energy (RE). To prepare the experimental diets were used as protein sources anchovy meal and soybean meal, and as energy sources yellow corn, wheat bran and oil fish. Were found significant differences (P
Diversidad de bacterias cultivables con capacidad de degradar hidrocarburos de la playa de Caleta Córdova, Argentina
Authors: Pucci Graciela N. , Acuña Adrián , Tonin Natalia , Tiedemann María C. , Pucci Oscar H.
Published: July 2014

Inter-tidal sediments and marine water from Caleta Córdova, a beach in the north of Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina, were analyzed. Three sites were sampled each season between 2006 and 2006. The first site is a public beach, the second site is near a fishing port and the third one near an oil buoy. Bacterial communities were determined based on differences in the composition of membrane fatty acids, identification of bacteria were using the MIDI Sherlock system, and the potential of communities for the use of hydrocarbons through the mineralization of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, crude oil and mineral oils. Mineralization showed a capacity of the microorganisms to use the hydrocarbons in only two sites of study. Of 251 strains were analyzed and the system could identify 24 genera and 40 species in only 124 strains. The rest of strains were not found in Sherlock data base (version 6.0). Pseudoalteromonas was the genus that was more frequently isolated.
Adiciones a los Gastropoda del mar peruano
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz , Baltazar Paul , Altamirano Katherine , Carbajal Patricia
Published: July 2014

The following species of Gastropoda are recorded for the first time for Peruvian waters: Sthenorytis turbinus Dall, 1908, Crucibulum (Crucibulum) umbrella (Deshayes, 1830), Favartia (Murexiella) lappa (Broderip,1833), Cantharus (Cantharus) shaskyi Berry, 1959, Cantharus (Solenosteira) macrospira (Berry, 1957), Cancellaria (Bivetopsia) haemastoma Sowerby, 1832.
Birdwatching in Peru: 1963-2006
Authors: Lüthi Hansjakob
Published: July 2014

In this paper we present the observations and sightings of birds carried out in 24 departments of Peru between 1963 and 2006. Information on the locations and altitudes is discussed for a total of 319 species from 62 families, and for some species are reported behavior, phenology and songs. 83% of the observations were made between 1963 and 1976 and 37% correspond to observations made in the Department of Lima.
Deschampsia danthonioides (Poaceae - Pooideae) un nuevo registro para la flora peruana
Authors: Gonzáles Paúl , La Torre María Isabel , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

We report for the first time the presence of Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro (Poaceae, Pooiideae) in the grasslands of the Lima department. Also this finding represents the first record of the genus Deschampsia for Peru.
Descripción del cromosoma profásico en la meiosis I de Bostryx conspersus
Authors: Siles-Vallejos María , Bracamonte G. Olga , López S. Alberto , Shiga Betty , Guevara P. Misael
Published: July 2014

Bostryx is among the most diverse genera within the Orthalicidae (Gastropoda). Bostryx conspersus is endemic of the Lomas ecosystem in Peruvian Coastal Desert. In this paper, chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis of spermatocytes Bostryx conspersus are described.
Primer registro de Florometra magellanica (Bell, 1882) (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) para el Perú
Authors: Prieto Rios Elba , Valdés de Anda Mauricio , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Laguarda Figueras Alfredo
Published: July 2014

Florometra magellanica (Bell, 1882) (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) is reported for the first time from Peru. The species was collected in the continental slope (360 – 814 m) off Piura Department, Northern Peru (3°38.67’S, 81° 2.73’W). Reference material has been deposited in the Colección Cientifica del Instituto del mar del Perú (IMARPE), Lima, Peru and in the Colección Nacional de Equinodermos, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City.
Registro de Xenopsylla cheopis como hospedero intermediario natural de Hymenolepis diminuta en Lima, Perú
Authors: Gárate Inés , Jiménez Paolo , Flores Karen , Espinoza Bertha
Published: July 2014

In order to determine the role of rat fleas in the life cycle of Hymenolepis diminuta, between November 2009 and March 2010, 27 rats were captured in Cercado de Lima and their ectoparasites were examinated, using standard parasitological procedures. In examined rats, 22 (81.5%) were infected with the parasite H. diminuta, 85,2% were infested with siphonapters of the species Xenopsylla cheopis. Of the 158 fleas that were found, 12% housed cysticercoids in its hemocoel, which were inoculated into albino rats of Holtzman strain, and then developed to adult stage of Hymenolepis diminuta. The results of this study are conclusive and constitute the first record of the role of X. cheopis as natural intermediate host in Peru, making it necessary to reconsider the risk factors and preventive measures.
Notas sobre la ecología de Thecadactylus solimoensis (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) de la Amazonía Peruana
Authors: Jordán Juan C. , Suárez S. Juana , Sánchez Lidia
Published: July 2014

Thecadactylus solimoensis is an abundant nocturnal gekkonid species in Peruvian Amazonia. However, basic aspects on its ecology remain unknown. Here, we present data on diet, morphology, reproduction and nematode parasitism assessed in museum specimens.
Composición quimica y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Ambrosia peruviana Willd. de los llanos venezolanos
Authors: Yánez C. Carlos A. , Rios Nurby , Mora Flor , Rojas Luis , Diaz Tulia , Velasco Judith , Rios Nahile , Melendez Pablo
Published: July 2014

In Venezuela, are currently exploring new sources of natural antibacterial agents, due to increased bacterial resistance, including essential oils derived from plants. For this reason in the present study we determined the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from leaves collected on Ambrosia peruviana Willd Guasdualito, Apure State, Venezuela. The volatile compounds were isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger trap and then subjected to qualitative analysis and quantitative by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS) on an HP GC-MS System, model 5973, finding as the major compound gamma-curcumeno (23.99%) followed by curcumeno-ar (14.08%), bornyl acetate (10.35%), camphor (5.03%) and epoxide oximene (4.79%). The antibacterial activity of essential oil by the agar diffusion method with discs against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli and S. Typhi, with MIC values of 350-500 micrograms/ mL. This research represents the first report of antibacterial activity of A. peruviana.
Diversidad de mamíferos en la cuenca media del río Tambopata, Puno, Perú
Authors: Pacheco Víctor , Márquez Gisella , Salas Edith , Centty Oscar
Published: July 2014

This study documents the mammalian diversity in the Tambopata River middle basin, one of the most important information gaps in Peru. Five sites were evaluated in Puno (San Fermín 850 m, Curva Alegre 950 m, Challohuma 1200 m, Yanahuaya 1600 m, and Yanacocha 1985 m). The trapping effort was 7072 trap-nights and 201 mistnet-nights. 76 species were recorded in the study area, including 16 species under some conservation’s category. Bats and rodents were the most diverse orders (67.5%). The diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener and Simpson for small mammals show a moderate and mild negative correlation with elevation, respectively. Meanwhile the altitude is negatively correlated with the relative abundance (RA) of bats, and positively with the RA of non-volant mammals. The marsupials Marmosa (Micoureus) demerarae, Marmosops bishopi and Marmosops impavidus; the rodent Neacomys musseri, and bats Platyrrhinus albericoi, P. masu, P. nigellus, Eumops auripendulus and Cormura brevirostris are first records for the department of Puno. Akodon baliolus and Oxymycterus juliacae are considered valid species. The species Sturnira lilium and Akodon baliolus were those with the highest RA. Our records, added to published and unpublished data, indicate that the Río Tambopata watershed is habitat of 141 species of mammals. Finally, we recommend the extension of the southern part of the buffer zone of the PNBS to include the montane forests of Yanacocha, to protect the unique middleelevation fauna of the Río Tambopata watershed.
Riqueza, uso y origen de plantas medicinales expendidas en los mercados de la ciudad del Cusco
Authors: Huamantupa Isau , Cuba Magaly , Urrunaga Rosa , Paz Elías , Ananya Nelson , Callalli Myrthia , Pallqui Nadir , Coasaca Hozmary
Published: July 2014

We studied medicinal plants expended in five major markets, San Pedro, San Jerónimo, Ttio, Wanchaq and four small zonal, Rosaspata, San Sebastian, Molino II, Huancaro and Santa Rosa, in the city of Cusco. It was aimed to know the richness, how to use treated conditions, place of origin, distributions and source. We recorded 152 species into 45 families, the families more riches were Asteraceae with 36 species and Lamiaceae (12), species most frequently bought and sold in all markets were Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. "Mullaca" Perezia virens (D. Don) Hook. & Arn. "Valeriana", Matricaria recutita L. "Manzanilla" and Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Walp.) B. & H. "Pilli pilli", the herbaceous habit represent 75%,the total of the parts used, 81% correspond to the entire plant, the infusions or "mates calientes" with 69% of the mode of preparation and conditions treated most frequently were the bronchopulmonary, kidney and inflammations, liver and gastrointestinal ailments. Native species accounted for 83% of the total, these 78% are from the Andean region surrounding towns mainly Cusco department. We believe that this great wealth of medicinal plants expended in the markets of the city of Cusco is similar to other important records in Andean South American markets such as Bolivia and Ecuador, which in turn are rooted in ancient knowledge, mainly Quechua culture.
Aspectos estructurales y cuantitativos del ovario de Fulica armillata (Aves: Rallidae)
Authors: Bulfon Mirian , Bee de Speroni Noemí
Published: July 2014

Morfohistologic and quantitative aspects were studied of the ovary of the Fulica armillata during gonadal recrudescence phase. Were used 5 adult females. Morfohistologic analysis revealed the presence of numerous follicles at different stages of development and regression. The simple epithelium of granulosa cells characterized the primary oocytes and the pseudostratified granulosa cells the previtellogenic follicle, both types showed a marked Balbiani body. In the white and yellow vitellogenic follicles > 1 mm evidenced a complex follicular wall formed by the radiated area, stratified follicular epithelium and well-defined thecal enveloped, while the vitellogenic yellow > 3 mm, was observed a simple epithelium with basophilic cuboidal cells. We identified two types of follicular atresia:1)intact follicle wall or non-bursting, the involution takes place inside the follicle,comprising the lipoidal atresia (primary oocytes) and lipoglandular (previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles small), 2) atresia by wall rupture or bursting (vitellogenic follicles> 1 mm), extrusion of the yolk. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p <0,05) among the developing follicles <2 mm and larger follicles and the same difference between the small atretic follicles (lipoidal and lipoglandulares) and bursting follicles. The processes of growth and differentiation (folliculogenesis and vitellogenesis) and follicular atresia develop normally during the gonadal recrudescence, contributing to the homeostasis of the ovary of this bird.
Propagación in vitro de Carica papaya var. PTM-331 a partir de meristemos apicales
Authors: Solis L. Reynaldo , Olivera S. Julio , La Rosa L. Rafael S.
Published: July 2014

An in vitro protocol was develop to propagate variety of papaya PTM-331 from apical meristems, with the objective of obtaining vigorous and disease-free seedlings, using tissue culture techniques. Apical buds were obtained from seedlings cultivated in greenhouse and used as explants for meristem dissection. Meristems were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0,5 mg.L-1 of BAP, 0,5 mg.L-1 of AIA and 10 mg.L-1 of adenine for their differentiation. The best multiplication of explants was achieved with the combination of MS medium supplemented with 0,5 mg.L-1 of BAP, 0,5 mg.L-1 of AIA and 0,3 mg.L-1 of AG3, where largest seedlings, with more shoots were obtained. The best medium for rooting was the combination of MS, 3 mg.L-1 of AIB and 5 mg.L-1 of adenine, where 83,33% of rooted plants were obtained.
Algunos acantocéfalos de la familia Oligacanthorhynchidae del Perú
Authors: Gomez-Puerta Luis A.
Published: July 2014

Four species of acanthocephalan (Oligacanthorhynchidae) were studied. Two species are new geographical records. Additionally, Oligacanthorhynchus carinii and Oligacanthorhynchus major are registered for the first time in Peru.
El orden Carnivora (Mammalia) en el Perú: Estado del conocimiento y prioridades de investigación para su conservación
Authors: Cossíos E. Daniel , Alcázar Paloma , Fajardo Ursula , Chávez Kelly , Alfaro-Shigueto Joanna , Al. Et
Published: July 2014

The high diversity of Peruvian carnivore species may pose problems when deciding to which taxa and topics new research efforts should be directed. In this publication, we evaluated the research effort made on each taxa -by assessing the number of publications per species-, point out the knowledge gaps that are important to the conservation of each species and present the first evaluation of research priorities for this group of animals to the country. We registered 145 publications about Peruvian carnivores made since 1943. The number of publications is significantly different between taxa, between subjects and between ecoregions where the research was conducted. According to the proposed priority scale, the species to be studied with greater priority is Nasua olivacea and the lowest priority is for Leopardus pardalis. The results of our study highlight the urgent need to conduct research on certain species of carnivores about which there are few published data, locally and globally, and which occupy a low number of ecoregions in the country. Both the scale of research priorities and the list of knowledge gaps presented here will be useful to guide logistical and financial efforts, for individual researchers as well as for private or governmental institutions.
Aspectos histomorfométricos y cuantitativos del ovario de Patagioenas maculosa (Aves, Columbidae)
Authors: Maron Carina , Bulfon Mirian , Bee de Speroni Noemí
Published: July 2014

Structural and quantitative variations of the ovary of Patagioenas maculosa were analyzed. Thirty five adult females were captured in Department Río Primero (Córdoba, Argentina), during the reproductive cycle from 2005 -2006. Gonads were removed, weighed and fixed in formalin buffered to pH 7.0 and processed according to the technique of embedding in paraffin. In the most bird, the ovary morphohistological analyses revealed a marked development of the gonad from May to February with 4 -5 yellow vitelogenic follicle ≥ 4 mm and preovulatory follicle. The gonadal weigth increased showing the highest value in September –October,agreed with the morphological characteristic of gonadal recrudescence phase. After oviposition the few developing follicles and posovulatory follicle and abundant atretic follicle indicated the onset of ovarian regresion. In the months of March and April the ovary showed the appearance of gonadal rest with abundant primary ocytes, previtellogenic and white vitelogenic follicle ≤ 2 mm, scarce yellow vitelogenic follicle ≥ and small atretic follicle The minimum gonadal weight was registres in March. The results of this study it appears that C. maculosa egg layed during the most part of the year and the prolonged gonadal activity of this birds would be related to the greater availability to food in the study area.
First record of the swimming sea cucumber Enypniastes eximia Théel, 1882 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Peruvian waters
Authors: Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Hooker Yuri , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo
Published: July 2014

Enypniastes eximia Théel, 1882 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) a swimming sea cucumber is reported for the first time from Peru. The species was collected in the Continental rise (563-1,201 m) off Trujillo Department. Reference material has been deposited in the Coleccion Cientifica del Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Lima, Peru.
Thermal ecology of Microlophus occipitalis (Sauria: Tropiduridae) in the Plain Dry Forest of Tumbes, Peru
Authors: Jordán A. Juan C. , Pérez Z. José
Published: July 2014

The thermal ecology of Microlophus occipitalis Peters 1871 in the plain dry forests of Tumbes (northewestern Peru) was studied. Mean body temperature was 36.1 ± 1.8 ºC, similar to body temperatures exposed by Microlophus peruvianus in northern Peru. There were no differences between body temperature and degree of thermoregulation of males and females, due to a possible association to their social structure and microhabitat use. Air and substrate temperature affects the body temperature of Microlophus occipitalis, where air temperature accounts for a significant proportion of body temperature variation. We suggest more detailed studies on this lizard species, especially under climate change scenarios in northwestern Peru.
Una nueva especie de Salvia (Lamiaceae) del Norte de Perú
Authors: Sagástegui Alva Abundio , Rodríguez Rodríguez Eric F.
Published: July 2014

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Salvia L. (Lamiaceae), denominada Salvia vargas-llosae Sagást. & E. Rodr. sp. nov. perteneciente a la sección Cylindriflorae (Epling) Epling, procedente de los andes del Norte del Perú (provincia Celendín, departamento Cajamarca), típica de la jalca Sendamal-Kumulca-Challuayaco sobre los 3000 m de altitud y aparentemente endémica a esta parte del país. Se discute con sus relacionadas y adicionalmente se presentan datos sobre su distribución geográfica, ecológica y estado de conservación.
Optimización de la biorremediación en relaves de cianuración adicionando nutrientes y microorganismos
Authors: Hurtado Jasmin , Berastain Arturo
Published: July 2014

The objective of this project was to find optimum parameters for the development of bioremediation process of cyanidation tailings by addition of nutrients and microorganisms. It was tested the use of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to stabilize metal ions through the formation of sulphides and; bacteria able to biodegrade cyanide (BC). Factorial experiments were conducted at level of columns. SRB from Cyanidation tailings were isolated and BC proceeded from pregnant solution of cyanidation. BSR and BC were adapted to tailings. A column test was performed to try: 1. the effect of using 1 and 10 mM lactate to increase the activity of BSR and 2. Addition of 0,1 and 1 mM sodium acetate and phosphoric acid to improve the activity of BC. In order to optimize parameters, it was tested in columns, effect of a mixed culture (SRB-BC) and nutrients (1 mM lactate and Acetate 1mM). Nutrients were found to increase the reduction of sulfate to 48% (average) and the addition of inoculums to 42%. Bioremediation of cyanide was 12%. It was not shown effect on the addition of nutrients or inoculums on Cyanide degradation. Two additional tailings were tested and the addition of 1 mM sodium lactate allowed the induction of BSR in 8 days in one of them.
Una experiencia de gestión participativa de la biodiversidad con comunidades amazónicas
Authors: Álvarez José , Shany Noam
Published: July 2014

For the past 10 years, the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (Peruvian Amazon Research Institute) - IIAP, Nature and Culture International (NCI), together with local communities, the Regional Government of Loreto, and other private organizations, have been developing a community co-management model for the Amazonian biodiversity, with very promising results. In the three basins where such co-management projects were implemented (Tahuayo, Yanayacu and Nanay), we are seeing a concrete evidence of reversals in the processes of degradation of resources and ecosystems. In each of these basins, a significant reduction in logging, illegal fishing and hunting, and destructive harvesting methods of resources can be found as a directresult of the co-management model. Significant economic improvements to local communities are achieved mainly due to the commercialization of value-added biodiversity products, as well as the recovery of fisheries, wildlife and other resources. The main principles of this model are : (1) productive conservation (conservation as a business, that is to recover flora and fauna resources and their management in ways that allow income generation); (2) adaptive management (simple management actions designed and progressively adopted by the communities and accompanied with technical support); (3) eco-systemic approach (conservation of large landscapes, especially watersheds, prioritized ecological processes such as fish’s seasonal migrations, and conservation of source areas); (4) making use of standing forest (to prioritize revenues from sustainable use of forest vs. cutting down the forest); (5) participation of all stakeholders from the organized and properly consulted local communities, to private enterprises, public institutions and all decision-makers; (6) development of complete productive chains with value-added biodiversity products and insertion in markets; (7) adaptive management (progressive adjustment of institutions and norms according to communities’ capacities).
Herbarium Areqvipense (HUSA): informatización y representatividad de su colección
Authors: Treviño Italo F. , Sotomayor Diego A. , Cueva Marco A. , Perez Rafael , Cáceres Laura , Ramos Daniel , Ortiz Edgardo M. , Quipuscoa Victor
Published: July 2014

Scientific collections and herbaria are essential sources of information and education for researchers and practitioners in biological sciences. The Herbarium Areqvipense (HUSA), registered at Index Herbariorum since 2004, holds one of the most important collections in Peru. In this paper we provide information about the collection, and its representativeness for the Peruvian flora. HUSA has more than 11000 specimens recorded to date, with more than 2300 determined species, consisting mostly of Magnoliophyta and Pteridophyta (ca. 98%), and a smaller proportion of Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes (fungi and lichens) and Bryophyta (mosses). The collection includes specimens from 23 departments of Peru, where the samples belonging to Arequipa have the largest number of individuals collected (3375) accounting for 31% of the collection. Asteraceae and Solanaceae are the most collected with 1571 and 964 specimens, respectively. The majority of geo-referenced specimens came from the tropical wet forest with 15%, followed by the tropical pre-montane wet forest with 8%. We also provide a list of the nomenclatural types and a brief summary of the history and development of HUSA since its creation.
La Revista basurero
Authors: Romero Leonardo
Published: July 2014

The interest in publishing the results of our investigations is inherent to research, we investigate to find the truth and communicate what we find. However, like a living entity is molded by the circumstances or environment in which it lives, scientific research and publications are evolving as a consequence of social, economic and cultural change.
Prediciendo la distribución de Polylepis: bosques Andinos vulnerables y cada vez más importantes
Authors: Zutta Brian R. , Rundel Phillip W. , Saatchi Sassan , Casana Jorge D. , Gauthier Paul Gauthier , Soto Aldo , Velazco Yessenia , Buermann Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

Polylepis woodlands are a vital resource for preserving biodiversity and hydrological functions, which will be altered by climate change and challenge the sustainability of local human communities. However, these highaltitude Andean ecosystems are becoming increasingly vulnerable due to anthropogenic pressure including fragmentation, deforestation and the increase in livestock. Predicting the distribution of native woodlands has become increasingly important to counteract the negative effects of climate change through reforestation and conservation. The objective of this study was to develop and analyze the distribution models of two species that form extensive woodlands along the Andes, namely Polylepis sericea and P. weberbaueri. This study utilized the program Maxent, climate and remotely sensed environmental layers at 1 km resolution. The predicted distribution model for P. sericea indicated that the species could be located in a variety of habitats along the Andean Cordillera, while P. weberbaueri was restricted to the high elevations of southern Peru and Bolivia. For both species, elevation and temperature metrics were the most significant factors for predicted distribution. Further model refinement of Polylepis and other Andean species using increasingly available satellite data demonstrate the potential to help define areas of diversity and improve conservation strategies for the Andes.
Efecto del follaje de Tagetes minutasobre la nodulación radicular de Meloidogyne incognitaen Capsicum annuum, en invernadero
Authors: Murga-Gutiérrez Santos Nélida , Alvarado-Ibáñez Juan Carlos , Vera-Obando Nora Yessenia
Published: July 2014

The effect of the foliage of Tagetes minuta"huacatay" on Meloidogyne incognitaroot-galling on Capsicum annuum"paprika pepper" cultured in a greenhouse was researched, to obtain a control strategy for this nema-tode. Three experimental groups and one control with 12 pots each were used, which contained sterilized soil and sand (1:1). To this substrate was added cut foliage of T. minutaat 20, 35 and 50% (v/v) according to the experimental group, and the control group remained without this amendment. In each pot a seedling of C. annuum was sown, and one week post-seeding was inoculated with 5000 eggs of M. incognita. Eight weeks later the root galling was evaluated. All the plants had root galling; although the number of galls in plants of the experimental groups was less than those in the control group with statistical significant difference (p< 0.05). Among the numbers of galls in the plants of the three experimental groups there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). It is concluded that the foliage of T. minutaadded as organic amendment at 20, 35 and 50% to the culture soil for C. annuumplants limits the M. incognitaroot galling. That suggests its potential use in the control of this nematode.
Implementación de dos métodos de recuento en placa para la detección de colifagos somáticos, aportes a las metodologías estándar
Authors: Solano Barquero Melissa , Chacón Jiménez Luz María , Barrantes Jiménez Kenia , Achí Araya Rosario
Published: July 2014

Two plate count methods, double layer and single layer of agar for quantification of somatic coliphages in water, were implemented using standard methodologies. Several variables were tested and provided valuable information that was not included in standard methodologies. The most important findings are described, such as the effect of using an excessively concentrated culture of E. coliand production of a log phase culture in only 4 hours of incubation, adjusting the concentration to an optical density of 0.3 at 600 nm (3.1 x 10 8 CFU / mL), or to McFarland 1 (3.0 x 108 CFU / mL). It was determined that coliphages controls must be stored at -70 °C to reduce its degradation. Quantities of reaction mixture exceeding 20 mL per Petri dish must be avoided to prevent interfere with bubbles during the counting of plate forming units (PFU). It was demonstrated that coliphages isolated from water samples can be stored for 48 hours at 4 °C without any degradation, and PFU are not observed in samples with high concentrations of coliphages, because a confluent lysis of the bacte-rial layer. There was no significant difference in the recovery of coliphages using doble layer or single layer methods, but such methods should be evaluated by means of controls, before applying them directly in the analysis of water samples.
The first record of the butterfly Memphis d. dia(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Córdoba-Alfaro Jim , Murillo-Hiller Luis Ricardo
Published: July 2014

The presence of Memphis diain Costa Rica (Godman & Salvin, 1884) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) is reported herein, based on a specimen collected El Rodeo (09 ° 54’ 76.6”N; 84 ° 16’ 89.5”W) on April 4, 2012.
La liebre europea Lepus europaeus(Lagomorpha: Leporidae) una especie invasora en el Perú
Authors: Zeballos Horacio , Medina César , Pino Kateryn , Mejía-Ríos Adolfo , Pari Alexánder
Published: July 2014

Este trabajo describe la distribución actual de la liebre europea, Lepus europaeus, en el Perú, la que actualmente abarca la puna, valles andinos, alrededores del lago Titicaca e irrigaciones costeras; en los departamentos de Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno y Tacna. En base a su distribución actual desarrollamos modelos de distribución potencial de esta especie, los que pronostican que esta especie llegaría al norte del Perú. Hacemos recomendaciones sobre los principales aspectos que debieran ser estudiados en el Perú sobre L. europaeus y las posibles consecuencias de su proceso invasivo en el territorio peruano.
Dinoflagelados de la caleta de Pucusana (Dpto. y Prov. Lima)
Authors: Solé A. Mireia
Published: July 2014

Diecinueve especies de Dinoflagelados marinos son registradas para Pucusana, Departamento de Lima, Perú. Estos pertenecen a los siguientes géneros: Prorocentrum (1 sp.), Dinophysis (3 spp.), Pyrocystis (1 sp.), Gonyaulax (2 spp.), Peridinium (8 spp.) y Ceratium ( 5 spp,). Cinco de éstos no fueron registrados en trabajos publicados para el Perú.
Dinámica de la microflora contaminante en el molusco Aulacomya ater choro crudo y procesado en cebiche: 1.- anallsis cuantitativo.
Authors: Coha Juana María , Sevillano C. Elsa
Published: July 2014

Se ha determinado, cuantitativamente, presencia de organismos Coliformes y Enterococos en el molusco Aulacomya ater "choro", como índice de contaminación entérica humana, en cada etapa de su preparación hasta "cebiche". Se han pracesado 1,152 especímenes de mercados de Lima y Callao. Los resultados reportan mayores promedios de contaminación para ambos grupos m'crobianos, en choros crudos (etapa a), de mercados ubicados en zonas de menor higiene y mayor población. La temperatura ambiental en meses de verano, demuestra gran incremento de esta microflora. La temperatura de cocción de la fracción previa al "cebiche" (etapa b), efímina totalmente los contaminantes, reapareciendo Coliformes en éste (etapa el, por los aditivos. El jugo de limón no actuó como bactericida eficaz.
Determinación de algunos helmintos parásitos de Larus pipixcan Wagler, Gaviota de Franklin
Authors: Taboada P. Dora A. , Zárate S. Edgar , Valderrama R. María Teresa
Published: July 2014

Entre los meses de abril y agosto de 1973, se capturaron aves de la especie Larus pipixcan Wagler, "gaviota de Franklin", que a pesar de ser aves marinas, fueron encontradas en la Hacienda Cajamarquilla, Km. 18 de la carretera Central (Vitarte, Lima). Se encontraron acantocéfalos del genero Falsifilicollis y trematodos del genero Mesoophorodiplostomum.
Aspectos reproductivos del jurel Trachurus murphyi
Authors: Perea Ángel , Mori Julio , Buitrón Betsy , Sánchez Javier
Published: July 2014

The time series of monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) and biannual size at first maturity of Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyiNichols 1920 in Peru between 1967 and 2012 is analyzed and discussed. The annual and interannual variation of the reproductive cycle was determined. It is shown that in Peru T. murphyihas a single relatively extended spawning period with a maximum in November each year. It is also shown that for more than four decades T. murphyi has spawned regularly every year in Peruvian waters. The reproductive activity of T. murphyi has a greater variability off Peru and the spawning period has peaks of lesser magnitude but extend longer than observed in the spawning occurring off Chile. The analyses of the sizes at first maturity of Jack mackerel in Peruvian waters did not show significant changes throughout the entire period observed.