bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abuse and disabled children: hidden needs…?
Authors: Cooke Pamela , Standen P. J.
Published: August 2002

In order to look at current practices in recording the abuse of disabled children, a questionnaire was sent out to the 121 Chairs of the Area Child Protection Committees in the United Kingdom. Of the 73 responders, over 50% claimed to identify the disability of an abused child but only 10% could given an actual figure. The lack of statistical evidence made it impossible to calculate anything except an approximation of the rate of abuse of disabled children. Schedules completed over a period of 1 year in two Social Services Departments for all disabled children who were conferenced for abuse showed that they were less likely to be put on the child protection register than a comparison group of non‐disabled children. Semi‐structured interviews with eight of the key workers for the disabled children revealed that they were concerned that there was a tendency ‘not to see’ the abuse of disabled children and they did not feel there was sufficient training regarding the interface between abuse and disabilities. Taking into account the responses to the study, a number of national and local recommendations were made. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a novel gene expressed in neuromuscular tissues and centrosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kwon Soonjae , Song Woo Keun , Park Chul‐Seung , Ahnn Joohong
Published: August 2002

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has many advantages for studying gene function at the organism level. In particular, completion of the genome sequencing has made it feasible to study gene structure and function of both known and novel proteins. As a result of a database search for muscle‐specific genes, a gene F43D9.1 was found which showed muscle‐specific expression as revealed by the in situ hybridization pattern from the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database. A homology search of F43D9.1 protein sequences showed no significant homology with other known proteins, except that it showed very weak sequence similarity with the band 4.1 protein superfamily. Northern blot analysis reveals a single transcript 3.7 kb in size which is consistent with the predicted gene structure. The expression pattern of F43D9.1 was investigated using the gfp reporter gene, and it has shown to be expressed in neuronal cells including sensory neurons and interneurons in the head region. To further characterize F43D9.1, whole‐mount immunostaining was performed with anti‐F43D9.1 antibody, which showed specific signals in head neurons, body‐wall muscle cells, some other unidentified neuronal cells, and centrosomes of the dividing cells during embryogenesis. Taken together with its predicted membrane topology, we speculate that the F43D9.1 gene, which encodes a novel transmembrane protein and contains a band 4.1‐like domain, may function in neuromuscular cells, and may play an important role during cell division in C. elegans. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidermoid carcinoma–derived antimicrobial peptide (ECAP) inhibits phosphorylation by protein kinases in vitro
Authors: Hobta Andriy , Lisovskiy Igor , Mikhalap Svitlana , Kolybo Denis , Romanyuk Svitlana , Soldatkina Maria , Markeyeva Nataliya , Garmanchouk Liudmila , Sidorenko Svitlana P. , Pogrebnoy Petro V.
Published: August 2002

Animal peptide antibiotics are thought to mediate their cytotoxic and growth inhibitory action on bacteria, fungi, and cancer cells through a membrane‐targeted mechanism. Although the membrane interactions of the peptide antibiotics and their penetration through the membranes have been studied in several models, the precise chain of events leading to cell death or growth arrest is not established yet. In this study we used in vitro kinase assays followed by imaging analyses to examine the effect of human cationic antimicrobial peptide ECAP on the activity of the protein kinases. We report that HPLC‐grade ECAP is responsible for inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation in plasma membrane fractions obtained from A‐431 cells. The activity of ECAP is concentration dependent with a half‐inhibitory concentration in the range of 0.1–0.2 μM. Marked decrease in autophosphorylation of immunoprecipitated non‐receptor protein kinases belonging to different families, namely PKCμ, Lyn and Syk, is observed in the presence of as little as 0.2 μM of the peptide. Among the examined non‐receptor protein kinases PKCμ was the most sensitive to the inhibitory action of ECAP, whereas Syk was inhibited least of all. ECAP exerted no detectable cytotoxicity on non‐nucleate animal cells at concentrations up to 3 μM. The capability of ECAP to inhibit protein kinases at concentrations, that are at least 10 fold lower than antibacterial and cytotoxic ones, suggests that the protein kinases are possible intracellular targets for antimicrobial peptides. We suppose that inhibition of the protein kinases may provide a mechanism for the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides on host cells including tumour cells. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welfare reform and community colleges: A policy and research context
Authors: Brock Thomas , Matus‐Grossman Lisa , Hamilton Gayle
Published: August 2002

This chapter presents the results of a national study examining the effectiveness of employment‐ and education‐focused welfare‐to‐work programs and considers the implications for community colleges.
Designing an Effective Concurrent Enrollment Program: A Focus on Quality of Instruction and Student Outcomes
Authors: Peterson Margaret , Anjewierden John , Corser Cris
Published: August 2002

At Salt Lake Community College the concurrent enrollment department has structured a program that provides quality instruction for students by focusing on faculty development, and it creates a healthy partnership between public and higher education institutions.
New World School of the Arts: Creativity Across the Curriculum
Authors: Wolcott Nancy
Published: August 2002

In Miami, a unique collaboration of three educational systems has created New World School of the Arts. Talented young students study with professional artists, and in the process they earn high school and college credits and prepare for careers in dance, music, theater, and the visual arts.
Ulnar artery cannulation for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: Case reports and anatomic considerations
Authors: Dashkoff Neil , Dashkoff Peter B. , Zizzi Joseph A. , Wadhwani Jai , Zizzi Joseph A.
Published: August 2002

Transradial artery cannulation is a useful alternative approach to the performance of diagnostic and interventional coronary procedures. However, its utility can be limited by incomplete palmar collateral support, access site failure, and anatomic variations. We report on five patients in whom percutaneous cannulation of the ulnar artery was primarily chosen, based on preprocedure examination, for coronary angiography in three patients and percutaneous coronary intervention in two others. The transulnar artery approach to coronary procedures is feasible and may be preferable in selected cases. Anatomic considerations are discussed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:93–96. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meralgia paresthetica: An unusual complication of cardiac catheterization via the femoral artery
Authors: Butler Rob , Webster Mark W.I.
Published: August 2002

Nerve complications following cardiac catheterization via the femoral route are rare. We report a case of meralgia paresthetica, a mononeuropathy affecting the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh following uncomplicated cardiac catheterization and percutaneous intervention via this route. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:69–71. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous recanalization and balloon angioplasty of congenital isolated local atresia of the aortic isthmus in adults
Authors: Joseph George , Mandalay Asishkumar , Rajendiran G.
Published: August 2002

Congenital isolated local atresia of the aortic isthmus is anatomically similar and morphogenetically related to congenital coarctation of the aorta and was encountered in 4 out of 26 consecutive adult patients selected for coarctation angioplasty at our center. Anterograde recanalization of the atresia was safely and successfully accomplished in all four patients, using a brachial approach. Balloon dilation in the four patients, with ancillary stent implantation in one patient, resulted in reduction of translesion gradient from 84 ± 11 mm Hg to 9 ± 7 mm Hg without complications. Angiography in the three non‐stented patients after a mean follow‐up of 13 months showed no evidence of restenosis, dissection or aneurysm formation, though one patient had mild dilatation of the posterior aspect of the aortic isthmus. The clinical presentation of patients with isolated local aortic atresia, and their short‐ to mid‐term response to percutaneous treatment, is similar to that of patients with isolated severe coarctation of aorta. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:535–541. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of PTCA using brachial approach and low‐dose heparin
Authors: Taguchi Haruyuki , Kawarabayashi Takahiko , Tanaka Atsushi , Nishida Yukio , Sakamoto Tsunemori , Tahara Akira , Shimada Kenei , Yoshikawa Junichi
Published: August 2002

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is routinely performed using the femoral approach. However, recent reports suggest the usefulness of the brachial approaches for patients for whom the femoral approach is impossible due to peripheral vessel disease or to shortened postoperative rest times. However, some reports have revealed that the incidence of vascular complications undergoing brachial‐approach PTCA may be higher than those with the femoral approach, possibly due to relatively higher dose of heparin. Accordingly, in this study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of PTCA using the brachial approach and low‐dose heparin, hypothesizing that lowering the heparin dose might result in reduced vascular complications. The study population of patients admitted for angina pectoris consisted of 217 subjects (221 lesions) who underwent brachial‐approach PTCA and 102 subjects (115 lesions) who underwent PTCA via the femoral approach. Both groups were monitored for complications. There were no significant differences in patient or lesion characteristics between the groups. Incidence of vascular complications tended to be lower in the brachial group than in the femoral group (1.8% vs. 3.5%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Use of anodynes was also significantly lower in the brachial group (3.6% vs. 33%). PTCA from the brachial approach with low‐dose heparin is as safe and effective a strategy as compared with the femoral approach with standard dose of heparin. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:165–168. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical coherent reflectometry: A new technique to guide invasive procedures
Authors: Yamashita Takehiro , Kasaoka Shunji , Son Rirei , Gordon Ian L. , Khan Rahil , Neet John , Hedrick Allan D. , Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: August 2002

The success rate of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for chronic total arterial occlusions is still unsatisfactory. Inability to cross the lesion with a guidewire is a major cause of failure. Optical coherent reflectometry (OCR) is a new method of using laser light to measure the depth of tissue from the end of an optic fiber. This study tests whether an OCR prototype guidewire provides a guidance system that might be useful to assist reopening chronic total arterial occlusions. An OCR fiber optic within a 0.014″ hypotube was developed using the interference pattern of two reflected light beams (wave length 1,300 nm). To determine if OCR can distinguish different tissue types, plaques of human lower extremity arterial segments were visually divided into three types (calcified, white, or yellow). The slope of the initial reflectance of the OCR curve was calculated and compared between the three groups. In six other arteries, the OCR wire was advanced longitudinally through occluded human artery segments in vitro. Guidewire position was determined by OCR and compared to the position of the guidewire tip observed simultaneously by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. In 16 arterial surface segments, calcified plaques had a significantly steeper slope than white or yellow plaques (−227.2 ± 82.2; −81.5 ± 12.9; −103.6 ± 19.6 dB/mm; P < 0.01). For the determination of the guidewire position, IVUS and OCR corresponded correctly in 82% of 28 measurements. Sensitivity and specificity of OCR for detection of plaque versus the media/adventitia boundary were 79% and 89%, respectively (P < 0.001). OCR can distinguish calcified from noncalcified plaque and may distinguish plaque from the media/adventitia boundary. This technology may be useful as a means to help navigate a guidewire safely through an occluded artery. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:257–263. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and angiographic performance of a new‐generation modular stent design for treatment of de novo coronary lesions
Authors: Legrand Victor M. , Garcia Eulogio J. , Grube Eberhard , Khalife Khalife , Bonnier Hans , Commeau Philippe , Przewlocki Tadeusz , Macaya Carlos , Witkowski Adam
Published: August 2002

The objectives of the Race Car study were to assess the safety and efficacy of the Medtronic AVE S670 stent, a new‐generation stent with a modular design consisting of interconnected sinusoidal rings allowing improved flexibility with good conformability and scaffolding. A total of 285 stents were implanted in 267 patients with (un)stable angina pectoris who underwent angioplasty of a single de novo lesion in a native coronary artery with a diameter between 3.0 and 4.0 mm. Available stent lengths were 9, 12, and 15 mm. The primary endpoint was the 6‐month restenosis rate. Secondary endpoints were device and procedural success and major adverse cardiac event (MACE)‐free survival at 1 and 6 months. All patients received the study stents and no other stents were used (angiographic success: 100%). Eight patients experienced a MACE during hospital admission (Q‐wave MI in 2, non–Q‐wave MI in 4, TLR in 2). A procedural success was obtained in 97% of the patients. There were no additional events at 1 month. The clinical endpoints encountered at 6 months were Q‐wave MI in 1, bypass surgery in 3, and repeat angioplasty in 25 (MACE‐free survival: 86.5%). Quantitative angiographic results were the minimum lumen diameter increased from 1.05 ± 0.32 before to 2.73 ± 0.39 mm after stent implantation. At follow‐up, the loss in diameter was 0.74 ± 0.50 mm. The loss index was 0.45 ± 0.31 and restenosis rate was 13.4%. This study has demonstrated that the S670 stent in patients with (un)stable angina pectoris requiring intervention of a single lesion has a low acute and 6‐month major event rate and a low angiographic restenosis rate. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:276–282. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A late complication with the cardioSEAL ASD occluder device and need for surgical revision
Authors: Celiker Alpay , Bilgic Arman , Ozkutlu Suheyla , Demircin Metin , Karagoz Tevfik , Ayabakan Canan
Published: August 2002

A late complication of the CardioSEAL atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder is reported. Although left atrial umbrella was completely epithelialized and occluded ASD without residual defect, the right atrial umbrella protruded toward the center of right atrium after 18 months. We believe this may be associated with the structural abnormality of the device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:335–338. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation of taxoids by filamentous fungi
Authors: Hu Shanghui , Sun Di‐An , Tian Xufang , Fang Qicheng
Published: August 2002

Paclitaxel (Taxol®), is one of the most promising chemotherapeutic agents developed for cancer treatment in past two decades. Microorganisms such as filamentous fungi are known to perform regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation of taxoids. Herein, we describe highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation at the 1β and 9α positions of the taxane skeleton. Such hydroxylation reactions proceed readily for the taxadienes as substrates rather than taxoids having an oxetane ring. The presence of different oxygen substituents on the taxane nucleus, such as 5‐acetoxy, has a significant effect on the selectivity and yield of the hydroxylation catalyzed by the microbial oxidases. Chirality 14:495–497, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The intelligent puzzle
Authors: Hall Chris
Published: August 2002

The “intelligent puzzle” is that managers, according to a recent survey, assess their competitiveness as above average relative to the market, but acknowledge that they lack the CI capability to really compete effectively relative to their needs. In a rapidly changing and increasingly competitive world, they persist with relatively unsophisticated approaches to CI, especially when all levels of management recognize that their CI needs outstrip their CI capability. Most managers think they are doing CI when they listen to rumors, read a few newspapers, talk to their sales staff, and carry out some market research. In a way this is CI, but it is not very good CI, and it is not appropriate to a fast changing, complex, global world. The flood of information created by the Web‐based economy means that it is clearly impossible for managers (especially senior and middle managers) to do their own CI effectively; the amount of information is just too great for managers to be able to rely on the use of unsystematic, unsophisticated techniques and sources. If CI processes are really to be effective, then managers need to be able to make better use of a wide range of sources and techniques, and that requires a more systematic approach to the delegation of responsibility for collecting information, storing it in ways that can be accessed, analyzing it, and communicating it to the right people. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulators of GTP‐binding proteins cause morphological changes in the vacuole system of the filamentous fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius
Authors: Hyde Geoffrey J. , Davies Danielle , Cole Louise , Ashford Anne E.
Published: August 2002

Tubule formation is a widespread feature of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells, serving as an alternative to the better‐known transport process of vesicular shuttling. In filamentous fungi, tubule formation by vacuoles is particularly pronounced, but little is known of its regulation. Using the hyphae of the basidiomycete Pisolithus tinctorius as our test system, we have investigated the effects of four drugs whose modulation, in animal cells, of the tubule/vesicle equilibrium is believed to be due to the altered activity of a GTP‐binding protein (GTPγS, GDPβS, aluminium fluoride, and Brefeldin A). In Pisolithus tinctorius, GTPγS, a non‐hydrolysable form of GTP, strongly promoted vacuolar tubule formation in the tip cell and next four cells. The effects of GTPγS could be antagonised by pre‐treatment of hyphae with GDPβS, a non‐phosphorylatable form of GDP. These results support the idea that a GTP‐binding protein plays a regulatory role in vacuolar tubule formation. This could be a dynamin‐like GTP‐ase, since GTPγS‐stimulated tubule formation has only been reported previously in cases where a dynamin is involved. Treatment with aluminium fluoride stimulated vacuolar tubule formation at a distance from the tip cell, but NaF controls indicated that this was not a GTP‐binding‐protein specific effect. Brefeldin A antagonised GTPγS, and inhibited tubule formation in the tip cell. Given that Brefeldin A also affects the ER and Golgi bodies of Pisolithus tinctorius, as shown previously, it is not clear yet whether the effects of Brefeldin A on the vacuole system are direct or indirect. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:133–146, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites activated by collagen type I and Ca2+ have a structured cytoskeleton during collagenase secretion
Authors: de Lourdes Muñoz María , Das Pradeep , Tovar Rosalinda
Published: August 2002

A peculiar characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites is their capacity to invade human tissues. One of the cellular determinants of invasion may include adhesion to extracellular matrix components such as collagen, induction, and secretion of electron‐dense granules (EDG) and tissue digestion. The mechanism and receptors involved in this process are not well understood. Previous results suggested that cytoskeleton plays a very important role during EDG secretion. We present evidence suggesting that adhesion to collagen and activation of EDG secretion are integrin‐dependent events, since β1 subunits detected by antibodies are concentrated at membrane sites where collagen and actin were colocalized. Furthermore, the involvement of actin, vimentin, and tubulin in restructuring cytoskeleton during EDG secretion was evident, since cytoskeleton isolation was possible exclusively in activated cells. Studies of immunolocalization of tubulin, actin, and vimentin by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy suggest a role for cytoskeleton in EDG secretion. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:45–54, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise in modern NMR pulse sequence design: INADEQUATE CR
Authors: Meissner Axel , Winneche Sørensen Ole
Published: August 2002

The details of the design and development for a modern NMR pulse sequence, INADEQUATE CR, for enhanced detection of 13C–13C double‐quantum coherence in natural abundance samples are investigated. With the phase shifting capabilities available on modern NMR spectrometers, one pulse can be eliminated from the originally proposed version of INADEQUATE CR, which is important for composite pulse versions designed to cope with large off‐resonance effects. Such a compensated pulse sequence is presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magn Reson 14, 141–154, 2002.
Transient expression of synaptic zinc during development of uncrossed retinogeniculate projections
Authors: Land Peter W. , Shamalla‐Hannah Lorraine
Published: August 2002

The transition metal zinc is an essential dietary constituent that is believed to serve an important intercellular signaling role at certain excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. In the present study, we used histochemical techniques to investigate the distribution of synaptic zinc during postnatal development of retinogeniculate projections in rats. From postnatal day (P) 1 until P‐21, the pattern of zinc histochemical staining in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) precisely matched the distribution of axon terminals from the ipsilateral eye that were labeled by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Regions of the LGNd that contained only crossed axons were devoid of zinc staining. Abnormalities in the distribution of uncrossed retinogeniculate projections in albino versus pigmented rats were paralleled by identical variations in localization of synaptic zinc. Unilateral enucleation on P‐10 was followed within 5 days by loss of zinc staining in the LGNd ipsilateral to the removed eye without affecting staining in the contralateral nucleus. Finally, the ability to detect zinc histochemically in the LGNd ceased at approximately P‐24. These findings provide evidence that zinc is sequestered within synaptic boutons of a subpopulation of retinal ganglion cells whose axons terminate on the ipsilateral side of the brain. The duration of zinc staining overlaps with the major period of axonal remodeling in the LGNd, suggesting that synaptically released zinc may play a role in postnatal refinement of retinogeniculate projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:515–525, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the brain of Gekko gecko: Implications for understanding the role of androgens in controlling auditory and vocal processes
Authors: Tang Ye‐Zhong , Piao Yun‐Shang , Zhuang Lin‐Zhi , Wang Zu‐Wang
Published: August 2002

The neuroanatomical distribution of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA‐containing cells in the brain of a vocal lizard, Gekko gecko, was mapped using in situ hybridization. Particular attention was given to auditory and vocal nuclei. Within the auditory system, the cochlear nuclei, the central nucleus of the torus semicircularis, the nucleus medialis, and the medial region of the dorsal ventricular ridge contained moderate numbers of labeled neurons. Neurons labeled with the AR probe were located in many nuclei related to vocalization. Within the hindbrain, the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the vagal part of the nucleus ambiguus, and the dosal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve contained many neurons that exhibited strong expression of AR mRNA. Neurons located in the peripheral nucleus of the torus in the mesencephalon exhibited moderate levels of hybridization. Intense AR mRNA expression was also observed in neurons within two other areas that may be involved in vocalization, the medial preoptic area and the hypoglossal nucleus. The strongest mRNA signals identified in this study were found in cells of the pallium, hypothalamus, and inferior nucleus of the raphe. The expression patterns of AR mRNA in the auditory and vocal control nuclei of G. gecko suggest that neurons involved in acoustic communication in this species, and perhaps related species, are susceptible to regulation by androgens during the breeding season. The significance of these results for understanding the evolution of reptilian vocal communication is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:136–147, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic relationships between aromatase and androgen receptor mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and amygdala of adult male cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Roselli Charles E. , Klosterman Scott , Resko John A.
Published: August 2002

This study mapped the regional locations of cells expressing cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450AROM) and androgen receptor (AR) mRNAs in the adult male macaque hypothalamus and amygdala by in situ hybridization histochemistry using monkey‐specific cRNA probes. High densities of P450AROM and AR mRNA‐containing neurons were observed in discrete hypothalamic areas involved in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior. P450AROM mRNA‐containing neurons were most abundant in the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and anterior hypothalamic area, whereas AR mRNA‐containing neurons were most numerous in the ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and tuberomamillary nucleus. Moderate to heavily labeled P450AROM mRNA‐containing cells were present in the cortical and medial amygdaloid nuclei, which are known to have strong reciprocal inputs with the hypothalamus. Heavily labeled P450AROM mRNA‐containing cells were found in the accessory basal amygdala nucleus, which projects to the cingulate cortex and hippocampus, areas that are important in the expression of emotional behaviors and memory processing. In contrast to P450AROM, the highest density of AR mRNA labeling in the temporal lobe was associated with the cortical amygdaloid nucleus and the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. All areas that contained P450AROM mRNA‐expressing cells also contained AR mRNA‐expressing cells, but there were areas in which AR mRNA was expressed but not P450AROM mRNA. The apparent relative differences in the expression of P450AROM and AR mRNA‐containing neurons within the monkey brain suggests that T acts through different signaling pathways in specific brain areas or within different cells from the same region. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:208–223, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of evolutionary sequential systems—part 1: unified approach
Authors: Baron Claude , Geffroy Jean‐Claude , Zamilpa César
Published: August 2002

Logical identification covers a wide range of applications dealing with constrained transformation processes between internal and external models of sequential systems. In this paper, we consider the differential identification approach whose purpose is to measure the influence of minor modifications of the internal or external models of an existing system. This class of identification is dedicated to sensitivity analysis: learning, redesign, diagnosis, etc. Thus, it reveals all its interest for the study of systems which have to adapt themselves to an evolving environment. This paper presents an overall view of the different differential identification approaches and their corresponding applications. We will propose a new resolution technique based on genetic simulation. In a second paper, we will focus on some experiments performed with a genetic identification tool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized space‐time finite element formulations for free‐surface flows
Authors: Behr Marek
Published: August 2002

Aspects of a method for 3D finite element computation of unsteady, incompressible free‐surface flow are presented. The approach is based on the deformable‐spatial‐domain/stabilized space‐time (DSD/SST) finite element formulation, which takes automatically into account the deformation of the elements in response to the motion of the free surface. The free‐surface elevation is governed by a kinematic free‐surface condition, which is also solved with a stabilized formulation. A new governing equation and stabilized formulation is derived for cases where the channel walls are not vertical. The parallel implementation based on MPI message‐passing standard is fully portable, and have been demonstrated to be scalable on a range of architectures. A 3D computation of a flow past a spillway of a dam is shown as an example application. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graph‐based data structures for skeleton‐based refinement algorithms
Authors: Suárez J. P. , Carey G. F. , Plaza A.
Published: August 2002

In this paper, we discuss a class of adaptive refinement algorithms for generating unstructured meshes in two and three dimensions. We focus on skeleton‐based refinement (SBR) algorithms as proposed by Plaza and Carey (Appl. Numer. Math. 2000; 32:195) and provide an extension that involves the introduction of the graph of the skeleton for meshes consisting of simplex cells. By the use of data structures derived from the graph of the skeleton, we reformulate the SBR scheme and devise a more natural and consistent approach for this class of adaptive refinement algorithms. As an illustrative case, we discuss in detail the graphs for 2D refinement of triangulations and for 3D we propose a corresponding new face‐based data structure for tetrahedra. Experiments using the 2D algorithm and exploring the properties of the associated graph are provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary study on the performance of stabilized finite element CFD methods on triangular, quadrilateral and mixed unstructured meshes
Authors: Lyra Paulo R. M. , Almeida Regina C.
Published: August 2002

In the case of viscous flows and flows with mixed important viscous‐inviscid effects, non‐smooth solutions require graded meshes with highly stretched elements, which might compromise the solution. In the present work, some numerical experiments using different classes of meshes of linear isoparametric elements are performed to analyse/compare the performance of an adaptive finite element CAU method (consistent approximate upwind method), driven by an anisotropic error estimator. An integrated computational system for automatic bidimensional mesh generation which is flexible for generating consistent anisotropic triangular, quadrilateral or mixed meshes over arbitrary domains is used. The results demonstrate the advantage of using a flexible mesh generator that incorporates facilities for controlling the quality, gradation and directional stretching of the elements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Java access protection through typing
Authors: Rose Eva , Rose Kristoffer Høgsbro
Published: August 2002

We propose an integration of field access rights into the Java type system such that those access permission checks which are now performed dynamically (at run time), can instead be done statically, i.e. checked by the Java compiler and rechecked (at link time) by the bytecode verifier. We explain how this can be extended to remove all dynamic checks of field read access rights, completely eliminating the overhead of get methods for reading the value of a field. Improvements include using fast static lookup instead of dynamic dispatch for field access (without requiring a sophisticated inlining analysis), the space required by get methods is avoided, and denial‐of‐service attacks on field access is prevented. We sketch a formalization of adding field access to the bytecode verifier which will make it possible to prove that the change is safe and backwards compatible. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A callgraph‐based search strategy for automated performance diagnosis
Authors: Cain Harold W. , Miller Barton P. , Wylie Brian J. N.
Published: August 2002

We introduce a new technique for automated performance diagnosis, using the program's callgraph. We discuss our implementation of this diagnosis technique in the Paradyn Performance Consultant. Our implementation includes the new search strategy and new dynamic instrumentation to resolve pointer‐based dynamic call sites at run‐time. We compare the effectiveness of our new technique to the previous version of the Performance Consultant for several sequential and parallel applications. Our results show that the new search method performs its search while inserting dramatically less instrumentation into the application, resulting in reduced application perturbation and consequently a higher degree of diagnosis accuracy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency management in object‐oriented databases
Authors: Oakasha H. , Conrad S. , Saake G.
Published: August 2002

The paper presents concepts and ideas underlying an approach for consistency management in object‐oriented (OO) databases. In this approach constraints are considered as first class citizens and stored in a meta‐database called constraints catalog. When an object is created constraints of this object are retrieved from the constraints catalog and relationships between these constraints and the object are established. The structure of constraints has several features that enhance consistency management in OO database management systems which do not exist in conventional approaches in a satisfactory way. This includes: monitoring object consistency at different levels of update granularity, integrity independence, and efficiency of constraints maintenance; controlling inconsistent objects; enabling and disabling constraints, globally to all objects or locally to individual objects; and declaring constraints on individual objects. All these features are provided by means of basic notations of OO data models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CCA core specification in a distributed memory SPMD framework
Authors: Allan Benjamin A. , Armstrong Robert C. , Wolfe Alicia P. , Ray Jaideep , Bernholdt David E. , Kohl James A.
Published: August 2002

We present an overview of the Common Component Architecture (CCA) core specification and CCAFFEINE, a Sandia National Laboratories framework implementation compliant with the draft specification. CCAFFEINE stands for CCA Fast Framework Example In Need of Everything; that is, CCAFFEINE is fast, lightweight, and it aims to provide every framework service by using external, portable components instead of integrating all services into a single, heavy framework core. By fast, we mean that the CCAFFEINE glue does not get between components in a way that slows down their interactions. We present the CCAFFEINE solutions to several fundamental problems in the application of component software approaches to the construction of single program multiple data (SPMD) applications. We demonstrate the integration of components from three organizations, two within Sandia and one at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We outline some requirements for key enabling facilities needed for a successful component approach to SPMD application building. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐performance CMOS CCII
Authors: Palumbo G. , Pennisi S.
Published: August 2002

A CMOS second generation Current Conveyor (CCII) is presented which is based on a novel voltage follower with a symmetric two‐gain‐stage topology. Simulations on a 0.8 μm design employing a 3.3 V power supply show a 0.03 per cent low‐frequency voltage gain error, a THD better than −70 dB for a 1 Vp−p 100 kHz input signal, and reduced offset. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a universal template for single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset enumeration
Authors: Bergeron Michèle , Faucher Sylvie , Ding Tao , Phaneuf Sieglinde , Mandy Francis
Published: August 2002

The single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset analysis was evaluated utilizing a universal protocol in a Canadian multicenter study with the collaboration of the members of the Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN). Participants used flow cytometers and reagents of their choice for labeling and lysing whole blood. Over a 2‐year period, CTN laboratories performed single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset enumerations on fresh and commercial stabilized blood products using commercially available microfluorospheres TruCount and Flow‐Count. This multicenter evaluation demonstrated that the application of a universal template for single‐platform analysis provides a generic approach that embraces a wide array of immunophenotyping settings available in clinical laboratory. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:62–68, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality control of CD4+ T‐lymphocyte enumeration: Results from the last 9 years of the United Kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for immune monitoring (1993–2001)
Authors: Whitby Liam , Granger Viv , Storie Ian , Goodfellow Karen , Sawle Alex , Reilly John T. , Barnett David
Published: August 2002

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) global epidemic has necessitated the routine enumeration of T‐lymphocyte subsets, which has created a need for external quality assurance (EQA). The United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) for Immune Monitoring provides EQA for 296 laboratories in 40 countries. In 1993, UK NEQAS developed and incorporated into its program stabilized whole blood that enables the accurate monitoring of laboratory performance. Overall, the mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) for percentage CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subset enumeration has fallen from 15% to less than 5%, as a direct result of the increased use of CD45/ side scatter (SSC) gating. Laboratories using alternative gating strategies (i.e., CD45/CD14 or forward scatter [FSC]/SSC) were about 7.4 times more likely to fail an EQA exercise. Furthermore, the adoption of single‐platform technology resulted in a reduction of the overall mean interlaboratory CV for absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes from 56% (prior to the widespread use of single‐platform technology) to 9.7%. Individual laboratory deficiencies were also identified using a performance monitoring system and, through re‐education by collaboration with the coordinating center, satisfactorily resolved. In conclusion, during the last 9 years, the UK NEQAS for Immune Monitoring program has highlighted the significant technological advances made by laboratories worldwide that undertake lymphocyte subset enumeration. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:102–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of a new MAC protocol for WDM metropolitan access ring networks
Authors: Jelger Christophe S. , Elmirghani Jaafar M. H.
Published: August 2002

This article considers a WDM slotted‐ring network architecture. A slotted MAC protocol was designed to be used in a metropolitan environment. The results of a discrete event simulation are presented. Assuming that a maximum load threshold is not exceeded, fairness between access nodes is achieved by introducing a very simple mechanism. Excellent queuing delay and packet dropping probability results are obtained. Future developments are presented as they are expected to improve the efficiency and introduce QoS capabilities and congestion avoidance mechanisms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive protocols for optical LANs with bursty and correlated traffic
Authors: Papadimitriou G. I. , Obaidat M. S. , Pomportsis A. S.
Published: August 2002

Traffic in gigabit LANs is highly bursty. Furthermore, the destinations of packets transmitted by the same station are highly correlated. An adaptive protocol for WDM passive star networks, which is capable of operating efficiently under bursty and correlated traffic, is introduced. According to the proposed protocol, the stations which are granted permission to transmit at each time slot are selected by taking into account the network feedback information. Although the traffic parameters are unknown and time‐variable, the bandwidth of each wavelength is allocated to the stations according to their needs. In this way, the number of idle slots is reduced, resulting in a significant improvement in the network throughput. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boon's disease: Hemorrhagic cystitis in conjunction with massive exfoliation of degenerated urothelial cells (apoptosis?) during intercontinental flights in an otherwise healthy person
Authors: Kok Lambrecht P.
Published: August 2002

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a well‐defined clinical emergency, usually occurring in the course of treatment with toxic agents such as cyclophosphamide. We present a case of hemorrhagic cystitis in an otherwise completely healthy female. The three documented attacks were severe and started during intercontinental flights. This type of hemorrhagic cystitis as a disease proved to be a boon, treatable by drinking large amounts of water, and was diagnosed by and in Dr. Boon; thus was the appellation Boon's disease coined. Cellular changes in the urine specimen taken after onset of the disease indicated massive exfoliation of degenerated urothelial cells with morphological features suggestive of apoptosis. It seems likely that this process can be initiated by any event which is associated with compromise of vitality of the urinary bladder lining, such as may occur in hypovolemia. This type of hemorrhagic cystitis is most probably not uncommon in susceptible individuals during intercontinental flights. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:361–364, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children
Authors: Chen Yu , Savargaonkar Pratima , Fuchs Alexander , Wasserman Patricia
Published: August 2002

To evaluate the combination of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children, we reviewed a total of 71 FNA specimens from pediatric patients with persistent lymphadenopathy. Two cases were deemed inadequate. In the remaining 69 cases, 54 (78%) were diagnosed as benign lesions, 9 (13%) as Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4 (6%) as non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma or leukemic infiltrate, and 2 as metastatic tumors. Of the 69 cases, 25 cases (38%) were diagnosed based on cytomorphology alone, 30 (43%) by combined cytomorphology and FCI, and 19 (28%) by surgical biopsy. In conclusion, FNA is an easy, safe, and reliable procedure in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children. In difficult cases, FCI can be used to exclude non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:5–9. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic difficulties in spontaneous infarction of a fibroadenoma in an adolescent: Case report
Authors: Deshpande Kamayani M. , Deshpande Archana H. , Raut W.K , Lele Vibha R. , Bobhate S.K.
Published: August 2002

Spontaneous infarction is an uncommon complication occurring in fibroadenoma of the breast. Although infarction following fine‐needle aspiration has been reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case where infarction was encountered on first‐time aspiration. It is necessary to distinguish infarcted fibroadenoma from mastitis, duct ectasia, mammary tuberculosis, and carcinoma on cytology smears. Lack of knowledge of this entity may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of inflammatory lesion or carcinoma. We report the first case of cytological and histological findings in spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma in 13‐yr‐old female. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:26–28. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of breast: Analysis of 2,375 cases from northern Thailand
Authors: Chaiwun Benjaporn , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Ya‐in Charin , Wisedmongkol Wattanaporn , Rangdaeng Samreung , Thorner Paul
Published: August 2002

At the Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2,375 cases of breast lesions were sampled by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from 1994–1999. Cytologic diagnoses were: benign (48%), suspicious for malignancy (5%), malignant (15%), and unsatisfactory (32%). Comparison with histology was possible in 721 cases. The diagnoses obtained by FNA showed a sensitivity of 84.4%, specificity of 99.5%, positive predictive value of 99.8%, negative predictive value of 84.3%, false‐negative rate of 16.7%, false‐positive rate of 0.5%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. We conclude that, in experienced hands, FNA of breast masses is reliable for diagnosis. Assessment of samples at the time of aspiration can reduce the number of inadequate specimens to near zero. Correlation of FNA results with clinical and radiologic findings can identify false‐negatives and false‐positives, ensuring optimal patient management. Many centers now recommend needle core biopsy instead of FNA. For regions such as ours, the added cost of this test would make it unavailable to many patients, which could delay a diagnosis of breast cancer. We advocate keeping FNA as a first‐line diagnostic procedure, at least in areas under economic restrictions, in order to maximize the availability of health care to women with breast disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:201–205; DOI 10.1002/dc.10067 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of elastofibroma dorsi: Case report with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Harigopal Malini , Seshan Surya V. , DeLellis Ronald A. , Yankelevitz David , Vazquez Madeline
Published: August 2002

Elastofibroma is a well‐recognized tumor‐like process which typically occurs in the soft tissue of the shoulder. Although fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) represents a quick and simple method for definitive diagnosis, the possibility of a false‐negative diagnosis is high due to the hypocellularity of the smears. However, a high index of suspicion based on the clinical presentation of a firm mass in a typical location in an elderly person, usually female, aids in the diagnosis. We describe the FNA findings of elastofibroma dorsi in an 89‐yr‐old woman which, although hypocellular, contained diagnostic aggregates of petaloid globules within a collagenous matrix. The cytologic material showed a green‐yellow autofluorescence of the altered elastic fibers with ultraviolet light. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an elongated beaded appearance with small electron densities and obliteration of the central elastin core. The presence of a hypocellular aspirate with autofluorescent elastic fibers should suggest the possibility of elastofibroma dorsi. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:310–313. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.