bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiential Learning: a student perspective
Authors: Price Sean , Mowbray Jamie , Turner Lauren , Lewis Emily
Published: April 2021

A panel discussion with four Queen’s undergraduates who will discuss their experiential learning experiences.
Children’s Right to Sexual Education Despite Religious Concerns Raised by Parents: A Case Study of the 2015 Ontario “sex-ed” Curriculum
Authors: Rexdiemer Andie
Published: April 2021

A critical case approach is taken to address religious opposition to recent changes in curriculum regarding sex education in Ontario public schools. This includes consideration of the influence of the Christian "purity movement" that is popularized in some parts of North American culture.

In a recent Ontario study of parents of elementary and secondary students, 95% of parents agreed that some level of sexual health education should be provided in schools. A separate 2016 poll showed that 82% of parents self-identifying with "no religion" supported the revisions, as did 61% of Catholic parents, 55% of Protestant parents, and 20% of Pentecostal Christians. One in six Ontario parents considered pulling their children from public school over the new sex-ed curriculum, in favour of homeschooling their children or placing them in private Catholic schools. Of the parents who did remove their children from sex education, the majority did so for religious reasons.

And yet, evidence suggests that depriving children of sexual health information as a result of the religious identity of a child’s family is a form of unlawful discrimination that may result in physical, sexual, and/or psychological harm to the child. This paper submits that the option for parents to be able to remove their children from sex-education lessons in schools due to a conflict with their religious and cultural values violates children’s human rights in accordance with international law as per the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
An Identity Prescribed & Non-Negotiable: The Childhood of Tibetan Tulkus
Authors: Hetherington Amy
Published: April 2021

A lama is a spiritual leader or guider of the dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. When a lama dies their spirit is said to move into the body of an infant born shortly after their death, and this child is called a tulku. The word tulku translates to the Sanskrit word nirmanakaya. This means "pure physical body," and is in reference to a fully enlightened being. In the following essay, I engage in a discussion about the childhood experiences and notions of individuality of Tibetan tulkus. Due to the shortage of academic material on this topic, I draw on personal written accounts of specific tulkus and from these make my own inferences and conclusions. By exploring notions of discipline, familial relationships, personal autonomy, identity, and exploitation, I argue that the recognition and identification as a tulku does not allow one to experience an ordinary childhood and deprives one of pursuing a normative or undisturbed upbringing. In this essay, I utilize the term ‘normative’ to mean any version or rendition of childhood that the child would have experienced had they not been identified as a tulku. I hope my findings will be useful in further discussions about whether a child’s putative identity changes their right to access a typical childhood characterized by family, leisure, and personal exploration, or whether their tulku status overrides and reconditions this right.
Yoga for Healing: An Analysis of the Effects of Yoga Practices On Military Victims of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: O'Sullivan Meghan
Published: April 2021

The practice of yoga has been associated with healing and well-being for centuries. With the recent surge in its popularity, research to yoga’s healing properties have found many ways in which it can be incorporated into a wide variety of treatment programs. One area of interest is the treatment of military combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research into the use of yoga as supplemental treatment through its interdisciplinary psychophysical effects and mindfulness training have found it to be extremely beneficial. In this article, the psychophysical aspects of yoga and how they interact the physical and psychological symptoms of PTSD are discussed and linked with the treatment plans used for military veterans. It also addresses the issues of the specific military culture and the pressures associated with fulfilling the valorous role of the perfect solider. Physical effects of yoga help patients with alleviating allosteric load to increase the chances of a healthy recovery and maintaining homeostasis, while the psychological effects include increased levels of mindfulness that help veterans complete trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TFCBT), as well as by regaining their sense of self-control and mastery of psychological processes. With the prevalence of this disorder in the military population along with the comorbidity of suicide, new alternative treatments should be considered to decrease the number of deaths from this devastating disorder. Thus, the psychophysical effect of yoga’s mind-body connection incorporated into military culture can be beneficial to those who have done the ultimate sacrifice for the safety of our country.
Characteristics of Financial Technology as Financing Alternative Capitalization of Medium Small-Medium Enterprises (MSME)
Authors: Subagiyo Dwi Tatak
Published: April 2021

Characteristics of Financial Technology as a Financial Institution that uses information technology to provide financial solutions by prioritizing compliance with the principles of prudence and risk management. The characteristics of Financial Technology institutions are getting a loan quickly; Makes Payment Easier; Make Loan Payments without Additional Fees. Peer to Peer Lending (P2P lending) system in providing financial services is done through information technology based. The financial services institution Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) is a financial technology financial institution (Fintech). Financial Technology (Fintech) as a Literacy Source for Financing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; Financial Technology (Fintech) As a Facilitator in MSME Development; Financial Tecnology (Fintech) as a driver for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to Increase National Financial Inclusion. The Role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Indonesian Joint Funding Fintech Association (AFPI) As Regulations and Oversight of Financial Technology Institutions (Fintech) in Indonesia.
OPTIMIZATION OF PASSIVE ACTIVATOR PARAMETERS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Litunov S. N. , Toschakova Yu. D. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Yurkov V. Yu. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia; Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается геометрическая модель и экспериментальное исследование пассивных активаторов для красочных аппаратов печатных машин. Показано существование процесса структуризации и образования квазитвердого тела в красочном ящике. Описанная геометрическая модель основана на математической задаче покрытия плоской области множеством кругов, которые принадлежат однопараметрическому семейству. На основе такой модели рассчитаны оптимальные параметры пассивных активаторов. Описаны параметры системы из трех активаторов и алгоритмы их расчета. Экспериментальные данные были получены с помощью современного печатного оборудования и с использованием применяемых в промышленности печатных красок.
GEOMETRIC MODELING IN RESEARCH PROBLEMS OF KINEMATICS OF LEVER MECHANISMS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Lyashkov A. A. , Sheveleva T. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: April 2021

Представлены общие сведения об элементах рычажных механизмов, состоящих из кинематических пар. Приведены классификационные признаки пар - условия связи, накладываемые данной парой, их графические изображения, а также краткие описания некоторых из них. Выделены две основные задачи кинематики. Основных методов к решению первой задачи кинематики, связанной с решением вопросов позиционирования механизма, два - это аналитический и численный. Вторая задача - обратная. Показано многообразие методов её решения. Выбор или разработка метода обуславливается в основном сложностью механизма. Проведенный анализ документального потока по проблематике кинематики рычажных механизмов позволил выделить основные направления исследований в этой области. Одним из перспективных направлений является геометрическое компьютерное моделирование, обладающее рядом преимуществ, в сравнении с другими. Его применение позволяет выполнять исследования не только координатных пространств, формируемых геометрическими элементами самих рычажных механизмов, но и объектами, порождаемыми изделиями, участвующими в работе этих механизмов. Направление таких исследований позволяет совершенствовать как непосредственно CAD-системы, используемые при моделировании, так и получать новые результаты в различных прикладных областях, что является актуальной задачей.
DYNAMIC IDENTIFICATION OF INTERNAL DAMAGES IN AN INDUCTION MOTORS BASED ON A ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS VECTOR OF THE STATOR CURRENT
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia, Bannov D. M. , Polishchuk V. I. ,   Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia, Antyaskin D. I. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

Наиболее важным вопросом надежности и обеспечение бесперебойной работы потребителей электроэнергии первой и особой категории электроснабжения является своевременное обнаружение различного рода дефектов (механических, электрических) вспомогательного оборудования. На тепловых электростанциях (ТЭС) такими вспомогательными элементами являются высоковольтные асинхронные двигатели с короткозамкнутой роторной обмоткой («беличьей клеткой») (АД), мощность которых доходит до 2 МВт. Основные функции, выполняемые АД являются: подготовка и транспортировка топлива, поддержание рабочего давления в рабочих контурах и пр. Очевидно, что от стабильной работы АД зависит работа всей технологической установки. Наиболее распространенным повреждением такого рода являются нарушение изоляции статорных обмоток, износ подшипников, механические повреждения роторной цепи (обрыв стержня «беличьей клетки»). Повреждения изоляции и последующие короткие замыкания (на «землю», междуфазные) определяются средствами релейной защиты и автоматики, управляющей высоковольтным выключателем данного АД (дифференциальная защита, токовая отсечка, защита минимального напряжения и пр.)...
DETERMINATION OF THE DOWNHOLE COMPENSATOR’S OPTIMAL POWER CONSIDERING THE CABLE LINE’S LENGTH AND CROSS SECTION
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia, Kopyrin V. A. , Khamitov R. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

В настоящее время устройства компенсации реактивной мощности установлены практически на всех объектах топливно-энергетического комплекса. Тем не менее, выбор мощности компенсирующих устройств в сопоставлении с их стоимостью и получаемым экономическим эффектом является важной задачей. Так же необходимо учитывать специфику системы электроснабжения объекта, на котором устройства компенсации будут установлены. Целью статьи является определение оптимальных параметров внутрискважинных компенсаторов реактивной мощности с учетом параметров установки электроцентробежных насосов для добычи нефти. В работе приведены кривые оптимальной мощности внутрискважинных компенсаторов для погружных асинхронных электродвигателей мощность 110 кВт, 125 кВт, 140 кВт и 160 кВт, учитывающие экономический эффект от снижения потерь активной мощности в питающем кабеле и годовые приведенные удельные затраты. По предложенной методике рассчитана оптимальная мощность внутрискважинного компенсатора для погружного асинхронного электродвигателя мощностью 125 кВт, которая составила 105 квар для выбранных параметров погружной установки для добычи нефти.
MODELING THE DECENTRALIZED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF AN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Koshchuk G. A. , Kosarev B. A. ,   Omsk Scientific-Research Institute of Instrument Engineering, Omsk, Russia, Okhotnikov, A. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Fedorov V. K. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Khamitov R. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: April 2021

В связи с интенсивным развитием децентрализованных систем электроснабжения в районах добычи нефти и газа следует ожидать появления активных потребителей, использующих для поставок электроэнергии во внешнюю сеть газотурбинные установки. При этом возникает необходимость оценить влияние активного потребителя на режимные параметры электросистем нефтегазоперерабатывающих предприятий. Целью работы является оценить возмущение режима функционирования электросистемы нефтегазоперерабатывающего предприятия при подключении активного потребителя. Цель достигается решением следующих задач: разработкой компьютерной модели электрических систем нефтегазоперерабатывающего предприятия и активного потребителя, моделированием изменений режимных параметров системы электроснабжения нефтегазоперерабатывающего предприятия при подключении активного потребителя. Переходные процессы исследуются методами имитационного компьютерного моделирования. Результаты моделирования показывают при включении методом точной синхронизации генератора активного потребителя на параллельную работу с электросистемой нефтегазоперерабатывающего предприятия нормальный переходный режим в течение 4 секунд...
RESEARCH OF HEAT MODE OF QUIET LINEAR MAGNETOELECTRIC ACTUATOR FOR LONG-WAY ONE-STAGE PISTON COMPRESSOR
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Tatevosyan А. A.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается один из этапов проектирования электротехнического комплекса линейного магнитоэлектрического привода тихоходного длиноходового поршневого компрессора на основе синхронного двигателя с постоянными магнитами (СДПМ), заключающийся в исследовании теплового режима магнитной системы. Ограничением для использования постоянных магнитов серии N40 на основе сплава NdFeB является температурный режим до 80 0С, в связи с чем, актуальной является задача определения количества теплоты, выделяющейся обмоткой при протекании тока. Для исследования теплового режима разработан макетный образец линейного магнитоэлектрического двигателя и проведено его испытание при длительном протекании тока 5 А. Показана эффективность применения секционированной обмотки, разделенной на восемь катушек, причем наиболее целесообразным является переключение катушек по две пары.
Lichen planus ruber, current therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Tlish M. M. , Osmolovskaya P. S.
Published: April 2021

Background. Lichen planus ruber is a common inflammatory disease of skin and mucous membranes with a chronic relapsing course, resistance to conventional therapy, diverse clinical manifestations and capacity of tumourisation. Dermatosis is often comorbid with various underlying gastrointestinal, cardiovascular illnesses and endocrinopathies. Women are more impacted than men (ratio 1.4:1), the disease lasts from 5 to 40 years.

Objectives. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of current therapies for lichen planus ruber.

Methods. The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, eLibrary and Scopus databases were mined for randomised controlled studies on treatment of this dermatosis in the period of 2014–2020, and selected impactive publications within 1991–2012 were also included in the review. The following keywords were used: lichen planus [красный плоский лишай], systemic and local drugs [системные и местные препараты], phototherapy [фототерапия], physiotherapeutic methods of treatment [физиотерапевтические методы лечения]. Publications in peer-reviewed journals had priority. Content and descriptive analyses were used as research tools.

Results. Therapy for lichen planus ruber is multicomponent including a wide range of techniques, mostly immune-stimulating but often unproved for efficacy and safety. Selected studies are small-sample. The review presents feasible drug-based and physiotherapeutic methods to tackle lichen planus ruber, their application by the disease clinical presentation and prevalence, patient’s personal discomfort, psycho-emotional status and comorbidity. We describe the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, application types and noxious side effects in practiced albeit sometimes contentious therapies.

Conclusion. Further well-designed research is warranted to aim at enhanced efficacy, safety and long-term remission in therapy for lichen planus ruber.
Multicomponent coating in purulent wound healing: A randomised controlled experimental study
Authors: Grigoryan A. Yu. , Bezhin A. I. , Pankrusheva T. A. , Chekmareva M. S. , Zhilyaeva L. V. , Mishina E. S.
Published: April 2021

Background. Purulent wound healing is a pressing surgical challenge relevant in 30−35% of patient cases. To the more, wound infectious agents elaborate resistance to available drugs warranting the development of new drug combinations exserting a multidirectional effect on the wound process.

Objective. Using a purulent wound model to experimentally evaluate the efficiency of a new multicomponent wound coating comprised of polyethylene oxide and carboxymethylcellulose sodium-immobilised dioxidine, methyluracil, metronidazole and lidocaine hydrochloride in comparison with a legal approved wound coating drug preparation of beeswax and propolis-based dioxidine ointment.

Methods. The antimicrobial activity range (disk-diffusion method) and local anaesthetic effect (Rainier’s method) of the developed wound coating have been assessed. The healing process was studied in a purulent wound model with 72 Wistar rats divided between two equal groups. The following methods were applied: visual wound inspection (wound cleansing time, absence of wound-surrounding tissue oedema, granulation and epithelisation), planimetric parameter estimation (wound area, healing rate, wound area reduction ratio), wound contamination and pH measurement, wound section cell morphometry (granulocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte and fibroblast counts, cell index estimation). Daily dressings were applied for 15 days.

Results. The developed wound coating exhibited high efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the zone of inhibition tests. Its local anaesthetic effect was significantly superior to the approved drug by the duration of action. The wound area reduction was 94.2 (93.7; 94.8)% in the experimental group and 86 (84.2; 88.8)% in the control (differences statistically significant) already on day 10. A maximal healing rate in both groups was registered in phase 1 of the wound process being 1.4 times higher in experiment compared to the control. The wound contamination was significantly lower in experiment vs. control on day 8 (p = 0.0075). Wound pH negatively correlated with the fibroblast count and positively — with the contamination level.

Conclusion. The study demonstrates high efficiency of the developed wound coating against infectious agents and its positive healing impact via reducing phase 1 and stimulating proliferation in phase 2 of the wound process.
Pancreatic fistula risk assessment after distal pancreatectomy: a retrospective controlled study
Authors: Drozdov E. S. , Topolnitskiy E. B. , Klokov S. S. , Dibina T. V.
Published: April 2021

Background. Despite declining mortality, postoperative pancreatic fistula (PPF) remains a common complication of distal pancreatic resection surgery challenging to clinical prediction.

Objectives. Prognostic analysis of the postoperative pancreatic fistula risk factors in patients with previous distal pancreatectomy.

Methods. A retrospective controlled assay enrolled 107 patients, including 63 (58.9%) male and 44 (41.1%) female patients. All patients underwent distal pancreatectomy followed by a morphological examination of resected material. All patients had a general and biochemical blood panel profiling. Pancreatic tissue density at a putative resection zone was assessed with computed tomography. The patients were allocated to two cohorts: (1) not developing PPF (77 patients) and (2) having postoperative PPF complications (30 patients.

Results. No statistically significant differences by age, gender, ASA and BMI scores were observed in study cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation of the PPF rate with the following factors: main pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.05, p = 0.01), pancreatic density at putative resection zone <30 HU in CT (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.38–7.74, p < 0.01) and differential albumin of postoperative day 1 vs. pre-surgery >14 g/L (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.19–8.24, p < 0.01).

Conclusion. A main pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, pancreatic density at putative resection zone <30 HU in CT and differential albumin of postoperative day 1 vs. pre-surgery >14 g/L are independent risk factors of postoperative fistulae.
Multiclass Classification in the Problem of Differential Diagnosis of Venous Diseases Based on Microwave Radiometry Data
Authors: Левшинский Владислав Викторович
Published: April 2021

Работа посвящена применению математических моделей в задаче дифференциальной диагностики венозных заболеваний по данным микроволновой радиотермометрии. Описан модифицированный процесс трансформации признакового пространства в термометрических данных. После конструирования признаков выполняется решение задачи многоклассовой классификации несколькими способами: путем сведения к задачам бинарной классификации методами «один против всех» и «каждый против каждого», а также путем построения многомерной логистической регрессии. Лучшим алгоритмом классификации достигнут средний показатель сбалансированной точности 0.574. Ключевой особенностью подхода является то, что результат классификации обосновывается в понятных для врача-диагноста терминах. Представлены наиболее значимые закономерности и точность, с которой они могут выявить различные классы заболеваний.
Multiclass Classification in the Problem of Differential Diagnosis of Venous Diseases Based on Microwave Radiometry Data
Authors: Levshinskii Vladislav Viktorovich
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to applying mathematical models in the differential diagnosis of venous diseases based on microwave radiometry data. A modified approach for transforming feature space in thermometric data is described. After constructing features, a multiclass classification problem is solved in several ways: by reducing to binary classification problems using “one versus rest” and “one versus one” methods and building a multivariate logistic regression model. The best classification model achieved an average balanced accuracy score of 0.574. A key feature of the approach is that classification result can be explained and justified in terms understandable to a diagnostician. This article presents the most significant patterns in thermometric data and the accuracy with which they can identify different classes of diseases.
Hemorrhagic spinal melanotic schwannoma presenting as acute chest pain: A case report and literature review
Authors: Soyland Dallas J. , Goehner Dylan R. , Hoerschgen Kayla M. , Gust Troy D. , Vuong Shawn M.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare variant of peripheral nerve sheath tumor. MS commonly arises along the spinal nerve sheath. Patients most often experience pain along the dermatome of the affected nerve root. Symptoms development is usually insidious. About half of MS cases are associated with Carney complex, a multi-neoplastic disorder. The remaining cases arise spontaneously. About 10–44% of these tumors undergo malignant transformation.

Case Description:

We describe a case of hemorrhagic MS presenting as acute chest pain mimicking myocardial infarction, a presentation which has not yet been described in the literature. Neurologic examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Myocardial infarction was ruled out in the ER, and a chest CT angiogram was ordered for evaluation of PE or aortic dissection which revealed an intradural extramedullary dumbbell-shaped mass extending through the left vertebral foramen at the level of T8. MRI revealed a heterogenous mass that was hyperintense with T2 and hypointense with T1-weighted imaging. The patient underwent an open laminectomy of the left T8 and T9 vertebrae and gross total resection (GTR) of a hemorrhagic black tumor. Microscopic examination showed fascicles and nests of plump spindle cells with variable intracellular melanin. Immunohistochemistry showed the cells to be positive for S100, SOX10, HMB-45, and MART-1, confirming diagnosis of MS. Two months after the operation, the patient was doing well and is free of recurrence.

Conclusion:

GTR is considered the optimal treatment for MS; radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be considered but have not been shown to improve patient outcomes.
Seizure in isolated brain cryptococcoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Brunasso Laura , Costanzo Roberta , Cascio Antonio , Florena Ada , Sparacia Gianvincenzo , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Grasso Giovanni
Published: April 2021

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection predominantly seen among immunosuppressed patients causing meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Rarely, cryptococcosis can affect immunologically competent hosts with the formation of localized CNS granulomatous reaction, known as cryptococcoma. Common symptoms of CNS cryptococcoma are headaches, consciousness or mental changes, focal deficits, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Rarely, seizures are the only presenting symptom.

Case Description:

We report the case of an immunocompetent patient with a solitary CNS cryptococcoma presenting with a long history of non-responsive generalized seizure who has been successfully operated.

Conclusion:

CNS cryptococcoma is a rare entity, and in immunocompetent patients, its diagnosis can be challenging. The pathophysiology of lesion-related seizure is discussed along with a review of the pertinent literature.
Relationship between odontoid fracture angle and cervical sagittal balance
Authors: Gold Colin , Seaman Scott , Yamaguchi Satoshi
Published: April 2021

Background:

Fractures can occur in various locations within the odontoid process with differing orientations. However, little is known about what factors contribute to the anterior versus posterior angles/orientation of these fractures.

Methods:

We evaluated 74 patients with odontoid fractures (2013–2018) from a single-institution. Patients’ fracture angles/orientations were measured on computed tomography studies, and were grouped into oblique posterior (OP) or oblique anterior (OA) groups. We also took into account cervical sagittal balance utilizing upright x-rays. Other variables studied included patients’ ages, sagittal balance measurements, and the mechanisms of injury.

Results:

Fracture angles were significantly steeper in the OP group. OP fractures had larger C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, occiput-C2 angles, and occiput-C7 angles versus anteriorly oriented fractures. In our linear regression model, advanced age and large occiput-C2 angles were predictive of the odontoid fracture angle. Patients who sustained ground-level falls also had significantly steeper fracture angles versus those involved in motor vehicle accidents.

Conclusion:

The odontoid tends to fracture at a steep, posterior angle in elderly patients who demonstrate a large positive sagittal balance when the head is extended following a ground-level falls.
Cervical intradural intramedullary collision tumor of schwannoma and hemangioblastoma origin
Authors: Singh Rohin , Kalani Maziyar
Published: April 2021

Background:

Primary spinal tumors are rare benign lesions that represent around 2–4% of all central nervous system neoplasms.[1,2] Intradural intramedullary tumors are predominately glial in origin and are most commonly astrocytomas or ependymomas. Intradural extramedullary tumors, on the other hand, are usually neurofibromas, schwannomas, or meningiomas.[2] Here, we report the case of an intradural intramedullary collision tumor of schwannoma-hemangioblastoma origin.

Case Description:

A 61-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of the right arm numbness, weakness, and tingling. She reported some lower extremity numbness but an otherwise normal neurological examination. She had a prior carpal tunnel release that did not alleviate her symptoms. Noncontrast MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated a holocord syrinx from C2 to C7 and spondylolisthesis from C4 to C5. MRI with contrast then displayed an enhancing nodule behind the vertebral body of C4. A standard posterior approach and subperiosteal dissection were performed. Lateral mass screws were placed at C3-C5, and the laminectomy was performed en bloc. Intraoperative ultrasound was used to locate the lesion, and intraoperative dorsal column mapping was used to identify the midline before performing a midline myelotomy. The arachnoid over the lesion was opened and an extracapsular dissection was performed. Hemostasis was obtained, and a watertight dural closure was performed.

Conclusion:

The patient tolerated the procedure well and achieved relief from cervical myelopathy symptoms. Pathology indicated positive biomarkers for S-100, SOX10, and NSE indicating a schwannoma hemangioblastoma collision tumor. This is unusual in its nature given two benign lesions with differing underlying cell types of origin.
Perhitungan Keandalan Pembangkit Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) untuk N unit Pembangkit
Authors: Putra Reza Aditya , Yuniahastuti Irna Tri
Published: April 2021

Perhitungan keandalan sistem tenaga listrik dapat dianalisis dari seberapa sering suatu sistem mengalami gangguan/seberapa sering listrik padam. Data hasil gangguan suatu sistem dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus LOLP (Loss of Load Probability). Semakin kecil nilai LOLP berarti suatu sistem semakin sedikit peluang mengalami gangguan dan investasi yang diperlukan untuk mendukung juga akan semakin besar. PLN mematok nilai risk level LOLP satu hari per tahun. Untuk perhitungan LOLP dapat dihitung dengan cara manual ataupun dengan program  bantuan. Pada penelitian ini akan diusulkan program perhitungan menggunakan Matlab, dan  dilakukan perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan waktu operasi sistem dengan menggunakan Mic Excell dan program Matlab. Hasil perhitungan LOLP dengan Excell dan Matlab mempuyai deviasi dibawah 1%. Sehingga program yang diusulkan dinyatakan valid. Sedangkan waktu untuk memproses dengan Mic Excell dan Matlab didapatkan hasil yang sangat kontras. Hal ini disebabkan karena dengan penambahan unit pembangkit Mic Excell harus menghitung nilai LDC setiap penambahan pembangkit hal ini menyebabkan proses di excell membuat waktu lebih lama. Sedangkan waktu proses perhitungan dengan menggunakan Matlab didapatkan waktu yang lebih singkat dan input yang lebih sederhana.

 
Rancang Bangun Kendali Robot Beroda menggunakan Sistem Android
Authors: Ardiansyah Tedy , Sari Churnia
Published: April 2021

Robot merupakan salah satu bidang sedang banyak mendapatkan perhatian, tidak hanya di Indonesia tapi juga di dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri terdapat kontes robot yang sangat bergengsi dan diikuti oleh hampir seluruh mahasiswa di Indonesia dengan keahlian rekayasa robot dalam berbagai tipe. Kontes Robot ini sangat bergengsi bahkan pemenang dari Kontes Robot ini akan menjadi kandidat untuk mengikuti kontes Robot Internasional. Salah satu tipe robot yang dilombakan dalam KRI adalah robot beroda, dimana robot ini merupakan cikal bakal hampir seluruh robot yang ada di dunia. Beberapa robot dirancang otomatis untuk mampu mengenali jalurnya sendiri, namun juga ada beberapa robot yang dibuat kendali otomatis jarak jauh menggunakan berbagai metode. Dalam penelitian ini akan dirancang sebuah Robot beroda dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno, dilengkapi dengan komponen Bluetooth HC-05 sebagai media komunikasi antara robot dengan sistem Android pada Smartphone. Selain harus ada Modul Bluetooth pada robot beroda, juga dibutuhkan aplikasi Arduino Bluetooth RC car pada Smartphone yang digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini modul Bluetooth bekerja dengan baik, sehingga komunikasi antara Robot dengan Android dapat dilakukan, dan kendali Robot juga menjadi mudah melalui sistem android pada Smartphone.
Pengaturan Mass-Spring-Damper menggunakan Kontroler PI dan Fuzzy
Authors: Pamungkas Krisna Warih Bintang , Fandidarma Bayu
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengajarkan kepada mahasiswa supaya dapat melakukan pengaturan pada suatu sistem mass-spring-damper (MSD) nonlinier dengan cara yang lebih mudah yaitu menggunakan metode linierisasi pada sistem tersebut. Sistem MSD yang telah dilinierisasi untuk selanjutnya akan disimulasikan pada Simulink MatLab dengan menggunakan kontroler PI dan Fuzzy untuk mengatur posisi benda m pada sistem supaya sesuai dengan set-point yang diinginkan. Pengujian dilakukan berdasarkan dua kontroler yang dipakai. Selanjutnya kedua hasil pengujian dibandingkan dan dianalisa. Kontroler PI berhasil menghasilkan respon yang lebih baik dibandingkan respon dari kontroler Fuzzy. Hal ini dikarenakan kontroler PI yang cocok dipakai pada sistem yang simpel dan linier. Sedangkan kontroler Fuzzy lebih cocok untuk sistem yang lebih kompleks dan nonlinier.
Lowering dialysis sessions duration may be dangerous
Authors: Chanliau Jacques , Durand Pierre-Yves
Published: April 2021

Dialysis session in less duration - either to give a better quality of life for the patient or to optimize the organization the dialysis institution - may have bad repercussions on the quality of the treatment and therefore the quality of life of the patient.

According to the result of the publications listed in this work, we conclude that it is necessary to perform either longer sessions or more frequent treatments to limit the interval time between two sessions.

As this is difficult to perform by the providers, we recommend to develop home dialysis to obtain the best result.
On-the-fly Symmetrical Quasi-classical Dynamics with Meyer-Miller Mapping Hamiltonian for the Treatment of Nonadiabatic Dynamics at Conical Intersections
Authors: Hu Deping , Xie Yu , Peng Jiawei , Lan Zhenggang
Published: April 2021

The on-the-fly version of the symmetrical quasi-classical dynamics method based on the Meyer-Miller mapping Hamiltonian (SQC/MM) is implemented to study the nonadiabatic dynamics at conical intersections of polyatomic systems. The current on-the-fly implementation of the SQC/MM method is based on the adiabatic representation and the dressed momentum. To include the zero-point energy (ZPE) correction of the electronic mapping variables, we employ both the γ-adjusted and γ-fixed approaches. Nonadiabatic dynamics of the methaniminium cation (CH2NH2+) and azomethane are simulated using the on-the-fly SQC/MM method. For CH2NH2+, both two ZPE correction approaches give reasonable and consistent results. However, for azomethane, the γ-adjusted version of the SQC/MM dynamics behaves much better than the γ-fixed version. The further analysis indicates that it is always recommended to use the γ-adjusted SQC/MM dynamics in the on-the-fly simulation of photoinduced dynamics of polyatomic systems, particularly when the excited-state is well separated from the ground state in the Franck-Condon region. This work indicates that the on-the-fly SQC/MM method is a powerful simulation protocol to deal with the nonadiabatic dynamics of realistic polyatomic systems.
Light-Modulated Cationic and Anionic Transport Across Protein Biopolymers
Authors: Burnstine-Townley Alex , Mondal Somen , Agam Yuval , Nandi Ramesh , Amdursky Nadav
Published: April 2021

Light is a convenient source of energy and the heart of light-harvesting natural systems and devices. Here, we show light-modulation of both the chemical nature and ionic charge carrier concentration within a protein-based biopolymer that was covalently functionalized with photoacids or photobases. Using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, we explore the capability of the biopolymer-tethered photoacids and photobases to undergo excited-state proton transfer and capture (ESPT and ESPC), respectively. Various electrical measurements show that both the photoacid- and photobase-functionalized biopolymers exhibit an impressive increase in ionic conductivity upon light irradiation, which can be modulated by the light intensity. Whereas ESPT-induced cationic protons are the charge carriers for the photoacid-functionalized biopolymer, ESPC-induced water-derived anionic hydroxides are the suggested charge carriers for the photobase-functionalized biopolymer. Our work introduces a versatile toolbox to light?modulate charge carriers in polymers and taking together the attractive environmental nature of our new light-modulated ionic-conductive biopolymers, they can be considered for various photoelectrochemical applications.
Self-Propulsion of Droplets via Light-Stimuli Rapid Control of Their Surface Tension
Authors: Yucknovsky Anna , Rich Benjamin B. , Westfried Ariel , Pokroy Boaz , Amdursky Nadav
Published: April 2021

Biology demonstrates many examples of response and adaptation to external stimuli, and here we focus on self-propulsion (motion) while presenting several self-propelling droplet systems responsive to pH gradients. We use light as the gating source to gain reversibility, avoid the formation of chemical wastes, and control the self-propulsion remotely. To achieve light-stimuli ultra-fast response, we use photoacids and photobases, capable of donating or capturing a proton, respectively, in their excited-state. We control the movement and directionality of the droplet’s self-propulsion by introducing the photo-acid/base either in bulk solution, on the surface of the droplet, or inside the droplet. We show that proton transfer between the photo-acid/base and the droplet results in a rapid change in the droplet’s surface tension, which induces the self?propulsion movement. The high versatility of our systems together with a record-breaking ultra?fast response to light makes them highly attractive for the design of various controlled cargo?carrier systems.
Retrosynthesis Prediction using Grammar-based Neural Machine Translation: An Information-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Mann Vipul , Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: April 2021

Retrosynthetic prediction is one of the main challenges in chemical synthesis that requires identifying reaction pathways and precursor molecules for synthesizing a target molecule. This requires a search over the space of plausible chemical reactions that often results in complex, multi-step, branched synthesis trees for even moderately complex organic reactions. Here, we propose an approach that performs single-step retrosynthesis prediction using SMILES grammar-based representations in a neural machine translation framework. Information-theoretic analyses of such grammar-representations reveal that they are both superior and well-suited for machine learning tasks due to their underlying redundancy and high information capacity compared to purely character-based representations. We report the top-1 prediction accuracy of 43.8% (top-5 measure of 61.4%) and syntactic validity of 95.6% (top-5 measure of 91.6%) on a standard reaction dataset. Comparing our model's performance with previous work that used purely character-based SMILES representations demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced grammatically invalid predictions.
Mechanism of a Disassembly Driven Sensing System Studied by Stopped-Flow Kinetics
Authors: Gallo Cara , Thomas Suma S. , Selinger Allison , Hof Fraser , Bohne Cornelia
Published: April 2021

Mechanistic studies were carried out on the kinetics for the assembly of a DimerDye (DD12) and the binding of the monomeric DimerDye (DD1) with nicotine in aqueous buffer and artificial saliva. DD12 is non-fluorescent, while monomeric DD1 and DD1-nicotine fluoresce. Binding isotherms were determined from steady-state fluorescence experiments. The report includes measurements of the steady-state fluorescence at pHs 2.2, 6.3 and 12.1, and stopped-flow kinetic data for the homodimerization forming DD12 and DD1-nicotine formation in buffer and artificial saliva. Analysis of the homodimerization kinetics led to the recovery of the association and dissociation rate constants for DD12. These rate constants were used in the global analysis for the coupled kinetics for DD1-nicotine formation, which led to the determination of the association and dissociation rate constants for nicotine binding to DD1.
Prediction and Optimization of Ion Transport Characteristics in Nanoparticle-Based Electrolytes Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kadulkar Sanket , Howard Michael , Truskett Thomas , Ganesan Venkat
Published: April 2021

We develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the diffusivity of cations in nanoparticle-based electrolytes, and use it to identify the characteristics of morphologies which exhibit optimal transport properties. The ground truth data is obtained from kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of cation transport parameterized using a multiscale modeling strategy. We implement deep learning approaches to quantitatively link the diffusivity of cations to the spatial arrangement of the nanoparticles. We then integrate the trained CNN model with a topology optimization algorithm for accelerated discovery of nanoparticle morphologies that exhibit optimal cation diffusivities at a specified nanoparticle loading, and we investigate the ability of the CNN model to quantitatively account for the influence of interparticle spatial correlations on cation diffusivity. Finally, using data-driven approaches, we explore how simple descriptors of nanoparticle morphology correlate with cation diffusivity, thus providing a physical rationale for the observed optimal microstructures. The results of this study highlight the capability of CNNs to serve as surrogate models for structure--property relationships in composites with monodisperse spherical particles, which can in turn be used with inverse methods to discover morphologies that produce optimal target properties.
Biomimetic Curvature and Tension-Driven Membrane Fusion Induced by Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Arribas Perez Marcos , Beales Paul
Published: April 2021

Membrane fusion is a key process to develop new technologies in synthetic biology, where artificial cells function as biomimetic chemical microreactors. Fusion events in living cells are intricate phenomena that require the coordinate action of multicomponent protein complexes. However, simpler synthetic tools to control membrane fusion in artificial cells are highly desirable. Native membrane fusion machinery mediates fusion driving a delicate balance of membrane curvature and tension between two closely apposed membranes. Here we show that silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) at a size close to the cross-over between tension-driven and curvature-driven interaction regimes initiate efficient fusion of biomimetic model membranes. Fusion efficiency and mechanisms are studied by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. SiO2 NPs induce a slight increase in lipid packing likely to increase the lateral tension of the membrane. We observe a connection between membrane tension and fusion efficiency. Finally, real-time confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals three distinct mechanistic pathways for membrane fusion. SiO2 NPs show significant potential for inclusion in the synthetic biology toolkit for membrane remodelling and fusion in artificial cells.
Uranyl Speciation in the Presence of Specific Ion Gradients at the Electrolyte/Organic Interface
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Servis Michael J. , Clark Aurora
Published: April 2021

Uranyl (UO22+) speciation at the liquid/liquid interface is an essential aspect of the mechanism that underlies its extraction as part of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing schemes and environmental remediation of contaminated legacy waste sites. Of particular importance is a detailed perspective of how changing ion concentrations at the liquid interface alter the distribution of hydrated uranyl ion and its interactions with complexing electrolyte counterions relative to the bulk aqueous solution. In this work, classical molecular dynamics simulations have examined uranyl in bulk LiNO3(aq) and in the presence of a hexane interface. UO22+ is observed to have both direct coordination with NO3- and outer-sphere interactions via solvent-separated ion-pairing (SSIP), whereas the interaction of Li+ with NO3- (if it occurs) is predominantly as a contact ion-pair (CIP). The variability of uranyl interactions with nitrate is hypothesized to prevent dehydration of uranyl at the interface, and as such the cation concentration is unperturbed in the interfacial region. However, Li+ loses waters of solvation when it is present in the interfacial region, an unfavorable process that causes a Li+ depletion region. Although significant perturbations to ion-ion interactions, solvation, and solvation dynamics are observed in the interfacial region, importantly, this does not change the association constants of uranyl with nitrate. Thus, the experimental association constants, in combination with knowledge of the interfacial ion concentrations, can be used to predict the distribution of interfacial uranyl nitrate complexes. The enhanced concentration of uranyl dinitrate at the interface, caused by excess adsorbed NO3-, is highly relevant to extractant ligand design principles as such nitrate complexes are the reactants in ligand complexation and extraction events.
Transformer Neural Network for Structure Constrained Molecular Optimization
Authors: He Jiazhen , Mattsson Felix , Forsberg Marcus , Bjerrum Esben Jannik , Engkvist Ola , nittinger eva , Tyrchan Christian , Czechtizky Werngard
Published: April 2021

Finding molecules with a desirable balance of multiple properties is a main challenge in drug discovery. Here, we focus on the task of molecular optimization, where a starting molecule with promising properties needs to be further optimized towards the desirable properties. Typically, chemists would apply chemical transformations to the starting molecule based on their intuition. A widely used strategy is the concept of matched molecular pairs where two molecules differ by a single transformation. In particular, a chemist would be interested in keeping one part of the starting molecule (core) constant, while substituting the other part (R-group), to optimize the starting molecule towards desirable properties. Motivated by this, we train a Transformer model, Transformer-R, to generate R-groups given the starting molecule (with its core and R-group specified) and the specified desirable properties. The generated R-groups will be attached to the core to form the final molecules, which are guaranteed to keep the core of interest and are expected to satisfy the desirable properties in the input. Our model could accelerate the process of optimizing antiviral drug candidates in terms of various properties of interest, e.g. pharmacokinetics.