bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hotelling T2 control chart based on minimum vector variance for monitoring high‐dimensional correlated multivariate process
Authors: Oyegoke Odunayo Adiat , Adekeye Kayode Samuel , Olaomi John Olutunji , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude
Published: November 2024

Multivariate control charts are practical tools that simultaneously monitor several correlated quality characteristics in a process. Monitoring high‐dimensional data structures is challenging because, in most cases, the process sample size for monitoring parameters is greater than the number of process characteristics. Many researchers have used the multivariate Hotelling's T2 chart to monitor high‐dimensional data using the maximum‐likelihood methods (MLM) to estimate the covariance matrices. However, the multivariate Hotelling's T2chart based on MLM suffers from low statistical performance. In this paper, we proposed a multivariate Hotelling's T2 chart based on the minimum vector variance (MVV) and some regularized methods for monitoring high‐dimensional data structures. The performance of the proposed chart is evaluated in terms of the average run length (ARL). The results reveal the superiority of the proposed MVV Hotelling's T2 chart over the existing Hotelling's T2 charts for high‐dimensional correlated processes.
Solution of Schrödinger Equation for Simple Diatomic Molecules Using One‐Parameter 1s Slater‐Type Orbitals Wave Function
Authors: Riyanto Fiqri Aditya , Jaelani Achmad , Prayitno Teguh Budi , Hanna Muhammad Yusrul , Sarwono Yanoar P.
Published: November 2024

The Schrödinger equation for simple homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules is analytically solved using one‐parameter Slater‐type orbitals (STOs) to approximate the electronic wave function within a molecular orbital (MO)‐like approach. The resulting total energies, equilibrium bond lengths, potential curves, and electron densities are presented in detail. Calculations using a selected orbital exponent accurately reproduce results from standard methods. Furthermore, the optimization of the orbital exponent allows for a more accurate representation of the electronic wave function, leading to the improved results of the total energy and the equilibrium bond length, as well as minimal computational cost. Seen in the heteronuclear diatomic molecule, the use of the one‐parameter STOs allows the transformation of the heteronuclear problem into the homonuclear one, revealing the electron repulsion effect on the orbital exponent parameter.
An Anti‐Attack Neural Sliding Mode Framework Based on a Novel Non‐Fragile Observer
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Jianxun , Ma Shuping , Wang Jimin , Jiang Baoping , Yin Shen
Published: November 2024

This article investigates anti‐attack stabilization with passivity problem of uncertain singular semi‐Markov jump systems (singular S‐MJSs) with exogenous disturbance and delay. An ingenious non‐fragile observer‐based neural sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is put forward to solve the problem. First, considering unmeasured states, a distinctive non‐fragile and decoupled observer, which does not contain the control input or any auxiliary sliding mode compensator design as in existing observer‐based SMC approaches, is established such that the disadvantages of sliding mode switching in observers in existing literature can be avoided. Then, “only one sliding surface” design and a new system analysis route are presented, and the derived sliding surface is accessibly designed. Next, a new version of stochastic admissibility and passivity sufficient condition is given, and a related algorithm via an optimization problem is proposed to determine the controller gain and the observer gain by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Further, a novel observer‐based anti‐attack neural SMC law, which utilizes a neural network‐based approach to approximate actuator attack, is proposed to stabilize the singular S‐MJSs against actuator attack. Finally, simulation and comparison results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
Distinctiveness from whom? Evaluation of startups' distinctiveness from multiple referents in angel investment platforms
Authors: Shen Rui , Zhang Hong , Zhong Weiguo , Lu Jiangyong
Published: November 2024

Research Summary

Optimal distinctiveness can enhance firm performance, but we know little about how startups can achieve optimal distinctiveness when faced with multiple referents. This study investigates the strategic positioning of startups relative to two interdependent referents—incumbents and peer startups. Analyzing data for 3266 business plans from an angel investment platform in China, we find that a startup's distinctiveness from incumbents positively influences angel investors' evaluations. However, the positive effect is weakened by the startup's distinctiveness from peer startups within the same platform category. Economic signals emitted by the startup can mitigate the negative interaction between distinctiveness from both referents. Our findings suggest that startups can use a nuanced approach to attain optimal distinctiveness by aligning with peers while differentiating themselves from incumbent firms.

Managerial Summary

How can startups use their business plans to differentiate themselves from competitors and attract angel investors? Using data from business plans submitted to an angel investment platform in China, we find that a startup's distinctiveness from incumbent competitors helps attract angel investors, but this advantage diminishes when its distinctiveness from peer startups is also high. Nevertheless, startups can alleviate the negative interaction by presenting economic signals, such as financial records. Overall, our study suggests that startups can achieve optimal distinctiveness by aligning with peers while distinguishing themselves from incumbents, with economic signals acting as a legitimacy buffer to enhance their acceptance by investors.
Facile Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Aryl‐N‐(1‐phenylethylisonicotinamides) Derivatives via SMC Reaction: Their Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Features via DFT Approach
Authors: Ahmad Fatima , Altaf Humaira , Mubarik Adeel , Rasool Nasir , Parveen Bushra , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Gulraiz
Published: November 2024

In this study, 2‐bromoisonicotinic acid and (S)‐1‐phenylethaneamine were reacted in the presence of pyridine and TiCl4 to produce 2‐bromo‐N‐(1‐phenylethyl)isonicotinamide (3). The derivatives (5a–f) of (S)‐2‐bromo‐N‐(1‐phenylethyl)isonicotinamide were then created by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling process catalyzed by palladium (0) and K3PO4 as a base. The reactivity and electronic features of the compounds were investigated using DFT molecular electrostatic potential investigations, reactivity descriptors, and frontier molecular orbital analysis.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Dihydropyridine and Their Corresponding Fused Systems via Multi‐Component Hantzsch Reaction Using Catalytic Nanomaterials
Authors: Lavanya Gnanamani , Abdul Khadar Iynoon Jariya Shareefa bee , Sasikala Madhu , Kalpana Venkatesan , Padmanaban Annamalai , Wang Jianli , Ali Badusha Mohamad
Published: November 2024

1,4‐Dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHPs) represent a versatile class of organic compounds derived from pyridines, recognized for their extensive synthetic applications and significant medical significances. Among the various synthetic methodologies available, the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is particularly notable as it provides a reliable approach to the production of these compounds. Recent advancements have markedly improved the synthetic pathways leading to Hantzsch dihydropyridines and their derivatives. This review aims to thoroughly examine the recent progress in the synthesis of 1,4‐DHPs, 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines (AD), and polyhydroquinolines (PHQ). Emphasis is placed on novel synthetic strategies reported in recent years, specifically those that employ multicomponent reactions involving aldehydes, β‐ketoesters, and ammonium salts. Furthermore, these reactions are catalyzed by various nanocatalysts, including magnetic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, metal oxides, functionalized nanoparticles, and other environmentally friendly nanobiomaterials. The application of nanocatalysts in these processes is underscored by their contributions to structural integrity and activity enhancement, indicative of a paradigm shifts towards more sustainable and efficient synthetic methodologies. This review consolidates and assesses various synthetic routes facilitated by nanocatalysts while elucidating their distinct roles in improving the efficiency and selectivity of 1,4‐DHP synthesis. Hence, this review may pave the way for advancements in Hantzsch reactions by employing nanomaterial catalysts for the sustainable production of 1,4‐DHP derivatives.
In Vitro and In Silico Assessment of Bioactivity Potencies With Components of Aristolochia bodamae Dingler Extracts From Turkey
Authors: Ozen Tevfik , Demir Merve , Marah Sarmad , Korkmaz Hasan
Published: November 2024

Aristolochia species have been widely used in folk medicine. In this work, six solvent extracts of Aristoloia bodamae leaf, seed, and flower were investigated for the photochemical contents (TPC, TFC, and LC–MS/MS), bioactivities. Additionally, molecular docking was applied to identify whether the most abundant compounds in the extracts are responsible for the bioactivity. Total phenol and flavonoid content ranges were 10.32–160.54 mg GAE/g and 3.42–50.03 mg QE/g, respectively. The most common chemical found in most extracts was o‐coumaric acid. Leaf extracts showed the highest total antioxidant, reducing power, and free radical removal activities. Seed extracts recorded the highest antibacterial activity, and for the inhibition activity seed extracts were also the highest in general. Molecular docking demonstrates firm binding between o‐coumaric acid and AChE. The stability of the best‐docked protein was evaluated using 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation and an MM‐PBSA‐assisted effective free energy estimation. The results showed that the interaction between this enzyme and the compound was remarkably stable according to energy and molecular dynamics calculations. Overall, aboveground extracts of A. bodamae exhibited high potential in reducing oxidative damage, enzyme inhibition, DNA protection potential, and antibacterial activities, probably due to their phenolic components and o‐coumaric acid.
Cleavable Novel Thienopyridine Derivatives as Potent Antithrombotic Agents
Authors: Neerasa Jayaprakash , Kim Bongsu , Chung Hunsuk
Published: November 2024

Thienopyridine derivatives are specifically designed for utilization in antithrombotic therapy to help combat cardiovascular disorders linked to thrombosis. This study introduces new thienopyridine derivatives with superior therapeutic efficacy through synergies by dual functional compounds, developed as antithrombotic agents. Through computational design, we discovered 32 compounds out of a library of 100 compounds that exhibit efficacy. The compounds are synthesized by multiple steps and subsequently purified using chromatographic procedures to achieve a purity level of >99%. Using the ADP‐induced platelet aggregation assay, we have found 4 active test compounds (ACG‐0173‐19, ACG‐0173‐37, ACG‐A‐04, and ACG‐B‐03) out of a total of 32 compounds. On the other hand, ACG‐0173‐19, ACG‐0173‐37, ACG‐A‐04, and ACG‐B‐03 have demonstrated the highest percentage activity on factor Xa (FXa) inhibition. The ACG‐A‐04 chemical exhibited the highest hydrophilicity, specifically in terms of its aqueous solubility. It had a solubility of 0.44 mg/mL in pH 5.8, 0.29 mg/L in pH 6.2, and 0.145 mg/L in pH 7.4 buffers. In comparison, the standards APX‐01 (apixaban) and PRG‐01(prasugrel) had lower hydrophilicity. Based on cytotoxicity investigations, it was determined that the test substances do not exhibit harmful effects. The results indicated that the test chemicals can undergo hydrolysis in blood plasma rather than in other organs. Among the four test drugs, ACG‐1073‐19 exhibited an unbound fraction of 44.1%, which is twice as high as the standards (apixaban). ACG‐1073‐37 demonstrates superior plasma protein binding (33.2%) compared to all other test compounds. The compounds resulted in a higher expression of CD61, CD42b, and CD62P in platelets compared to the control. The ACG‐1073‐37 molecule had a Caco‐2 permeability of 51%, which is extremely close to the Caco‐2 permeability of the control medicines (55% for APX‐01 and 62% for PRG‐01). Through the assessment of microsomal stability, it was determined that ACG‐1073‐37 and ACG‐A‐04 exhibited metabolic stability for 42.4 and 34.14 min, respectively.
Development of Promising CDK5 Inhibitors Using Structure‐Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Approach
Authors: Ghosh Amar , Bhambri Suruchi , Solanki Priyanka , Jha Prakash C. , Manhas Anu
Published: November 2024

Cancer is highlighted as one of the deadliest diseases globally, with CDK5 identified as a key enzyme in cancer progression. Despite its potential as a therapeutic target, developing CDK5 inhibitors has been challenging. We used multicomplex‐based pharmacophore modeling on CDK5 complexes, identifying hydrophobic groups, hydrogen bond donors, and acceptors as crucial inhibition features. Validated models were used for the virtual screening of drug‐like natural product databases. Thereafter, the screened candidates were selected to study their binding pattern and binding efficiency in the enzyme. Four molecules were shortlisted and analyzed for electrostatic potential (ESP) energy maps. Molecular dynamic simulations and free energy calculations on the docked complexes revealed stable behavior for all, with three (CNP0299652, CNP0362830, and CNP0009633) showing higher Poisson Boltzmann surface area continuum solvation (MM‐PBSA) binding scores than the reference. These candidates demonstrated drug‐like characteristics, crucial amino acid interactions, favorable electron potentials in ESP plots, stable dynamicigher free energy, highlighting their potential as CDK5 inhibitors.
Electron Transport and Ion Diffusion in Hydrogen‐Bonded Interlayer Cross‐Linked Graphene/MXene for Wearable Micro‐Sensors
Authors: Zhu Shifan , Yang Wenshuai , Hao Chenyang , Xu Zhiheng , Tao Haijun , Tang Xiaobin , Wang Yuqiao
Published: November 2024

2D graphene and MXene have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage devices and wearable sensors due to their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the capacitance of their composites is limited by low electron transport and sluggish ion diffusion due to the lack of electron transport and ion diffusion channels between stacked interlayers. Herein, this work reports the possibility of using disodium terephthalate as an auxiliary conductive bridge to cross‐link the interlayer interaction between graphene and MXene from theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The cross‐linker with a dicarboxyl group and a conjugated structure forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of graphene and MXene to provide a pathway for interlayer electron transfer, while inhibiting interlayer stacking and ensuring an effective ion diffusion process. To verify the actual effect of this approach, micro‐sensors are assembled by the integration of micro‐supercapacitors. The assembled micro‐sensors demonstrate real‐time monitoring of body movements and temperature signals. This work provides a feasible strategy to promote electron transport and ion diffusion in layered composites to design next‐generation multifunctional micro‐devices.
Polydopamine Nanobowl‐Armoured Perfluorocarbon Emulsions: Tracking Thermal‐ and Photothermal‐Induced Phase Change through Neutron Scattering
Authors: Vidallon Mark Louis P. , Liu Haikun , Lu Zhenzhen , Acter Shahinur , Song Yuyang , Baldwin Chris , Teo Boon Mian , Bishop Alexis I. , Tabor Rico F. , Peter Karlheinz , de Campo Liliana , Wang Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

Anisotropic polydopamine nanobowls (PDA NBs) show significant promise in biomedicine, distinguished by their unique optical properties and superior cellular uptake compared to spherical nanoparticles. This study presents a novel approach for creating multistimuli‐activated PDA NB‐armored emulsions, encapsulating perfluorohexane (NB‐H) and perfluoropentane (NB‐P) cores, with applications in controlled delivery and ultrasound imaging. Thermal and photothermal activation induced distinct responses in the emulsions, as evidenced by optical microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. For the first time, neutron scattering techniques (SANS and USANS) under contrast matching conditions are applied to investigate these materials, revealing detailed droplet and microbubble structures and phase transition dynamics. These results show that NB‐H droplets resist phase change under direct heating, whereas NB‐P droplets respond more readily, exhibiting significant bubble formation. During photothermal activation with short near‐infrared (NIR) exposure (15 min at 400 mW cm−2), SANS and USANS analyses reveal varying degrees of phase transition, proving this activation method to be more effective than direct heating. Importantly, NB‐H and NB‐P droplets have excellent ultrasound contrast enhancement and biocompatibility, indicating their potential for contrast‐enhanced ultrasound imaging, theranostics, and photothermal applications. This comprehensive study advances the understanding of multifunctional colloidal materials in biomedicine, contributing essential knowledge to this rapidly evolving field.
Strategically Designed Uniform MOF‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon Aerogel for Efficient Solar‐Driven Desalination by Control of Hydrophilicity and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Jang Jieun , Kim Donggyun , Park Jisoo , Lim Hyunsoo , Choi Hojoon , Jung Seonghyeon , Lee Dongha , Kwon Goomin , Wang Chaohai , Cho Inseong , Shim Kyubin , kim Junghwan , You Jungmok , Kim Jeonghun
Published: November 2024

Desalination techniques using the photothermal effect hold significant potential for producing fresh water from saline or polluted sources due to their low energy consumption. In the case of commercialized carbon materials are related to heat loss resulting from high thermal conductivity, and metal particles still have trouble in commercialization or cost‐effectiveness. This is because a photothermal desalination evaporator must simultaneously exhibit high water evaporation performance, excellent energy conversion efficiency, sufficient hydrophilicity, and low heat loss. In this work, developing an efficient in situ energy utilization technology that instant light to heat energy conversion system based on ZIF‐8/agarose‐derived carbon aerogels, achieved by controlling hydrophilicity, thermal conductivity, and light absorption properties is reported. The carbon aerogel demonstrates excellent performances of improved capillary force, structural stability, and cost‐effectiveness. The designed carbon aerogel, with a high surface area (524 m2 g−1), adequate hydrophilicity, and low density (0.07 g cm−3), is buoyant enough to float on the water. A water evaporation efficiency of 1.53 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun and a light‐to‐heat conversion of 85% are achieved, along with effective salt blocking through the size‐controlled uniform ZIF‐8 nanoparticles and optimized composition with agarose.
Bamboo‐Like Carbon Nanotube‐Encapsulated Fe2C Nanoparticles Activate Confined Fe2O3 Nanoclusters Via d‐p‐d Orbital Coupling for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Zilong , Xu Wenxia , Wang Weizhou , Wu Zhe , Li Hongdong , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

The efficient anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is challenging with low cell voltage and long‐term stability at large current density, due to the unstable anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Fe‐based electrocatalysts are potential candidates for the anodic OER. In Fe‐based materials, iron oxides always show better stability in alkaline solution but lower OER activity. However, the catalysts in previous study are difficult to continuously and effectively activate iron oxides supported on carbon during electrocatalysis. Herein, a new class of electrocatalyst: bamboo‐like carbon nanotubes (B‐CNT)‐encapsulated Fe2C nanoparticles (NPs) supported Fe2O3 nanoclusters (NCs), named Fe2O3/B‐CNT@Fe2C is reported. Theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that B‐CNT‐encapsulate Fe2C NPs activate Fe2O3 NCs by the d‐p‐d orbital coupling, thereby weakening the adsorption of OOH* intermediate during OER process. The electrolyzer based on the electrocatalyst requires only 1.48 V to reach 1.0 A cm−2 and shows a long‐term stability at 1.0 A cm−2 for 1600 h, comparable to the best‐reported values for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE).
Introduction to Automatic Imitation
Authors: Genschow Oliver , Cracco Emiel
Published: November 2024

People automatically imitate a variety of different behaviors. Interest in research on this phenomenon dates back to at least the eighteenth century. However, systematic studies into automatic imitation did not gain momentum until the late 1990s and early 2000s. Since then, researchers from various fields of psychology and neuroscience started investigating the underlying processes and consequences of automatic imitation. This book provides a comprehensive examination of the widespread occurrence of automatic imitation, exploring both what and how individuals imitate, offering a critical analysis of the research conducted over the past 25 years. In this introduction, we give a brief overview of each of the chapters captured in this book.
Anticipated Imitation
Authors: Pfister Roland , Neszmélyi Bence , Kunde Wilfried
Published: November 2024

Common knowledge holds that it takes two to tango. The same goes for imitation, which involves (at least) a model and an imitator. Many empirical studies on imitation have focused on assessing the imitator’s behavior as a function of model characteristics, thus construing the models’ behavior as stimulus, and the imitators’ behavior as response. This is particularly true for research on automatic imitation or motor priming. Yet, the same imitation scenario can also be assessed as an action–effect scenario from the perspective of the model. This perspective asks how the models’ actions are shaped by the foreseeable behavior of imitators, which from the perspective of the model can be construed as predictable action effects. This chapter approaches anticipated imitation through the theoretical lens of ideomotor action control, which offers a mechanistic framework to accommodate bidirectional influences from model to imitator and vice versa. We further discuss how embracing an ideomotor view on imitation highlights close connections of imitation to other aspects of human action control. This includes actions that aim at affecting the inanimate environment as well as actions that aim at evoking non-imitative responses of social interaction partners. Evidence from experimental studies supports these theoretical ideas by adapting classical response-effect compatibility paradigms to imitative scenarios and other social interactions, suggesting that the social consequences of one’s own behavior are readily integrated into human action representations.
Automatic Imitation in Infants and Children
Authors: Farwaha Sumeet , Slaughter Virginia
Published: November 2024

Developmental and experimental psychologists define and operationalize automatic imitation differently. While both view imitation as the reproduction of an observed action, the former place greatest emphasis on the accuracy of the imitative behavior, whereas the latter consider both the accuracy and automaticity of the response to be crucial. This disconnect in operationalization, alongside inherent cognitive and motivational differences between children and adults, has led to major differences in methodology that make it difficult to draw developmental conclusions. This chapter provides a critical review of research on automatic imitation in infants and children with a view to stimulating developmental research on the topic.
Minority Rights, Minority Protection, and Diaspora Policy in Hungary, 2010–2018
Authors: Balogh Lídia , Halász Iván , Pap András László
Published: November 2024

This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of Hungary’s evolving approach to three areas between 2010 and 2018. Firstly, it examines changes in minority rights, particularly through the recodified Minorities Act from 2011. Secondly, it delves into legislative measures aimed at protecting ethnic, racial, and national minorities, encompassing hate crime and hate speech legislation, media content regulation, and antidiscrimination law. Thirdly, the chapter explores Hungary’s diaspora policy, emphasizing the 2010 amendment to the Citizenship Act from 1993. The analysis encompasses key legislative innovations and significant case law, providing insights into the political and societal challenges that drove these developments.
Einleitung: Akzeptanz multimodaler Mobilität
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Mobilität macht einen zentralen Bestandteil unseres Alltags und moderner Lebensweisen aus. Pendeln zum Arbeitsplatz, Verabredungen, Freizeitaktivitäten wie Sport, Kino und Konzerte bis hin zu Urlaubsreisen erfordern Ortsveränderungen. 85 Prozent der Bevölkerung verlassen täglich mindestens einmal das Haus – sind also mobil.
Zentrale Begriffe und Einführung in den Untersuchungsgegenstand
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Im folgenden Kapitel werden zentrale Begriffe dieser Arbeit in ihrer wissenschaftlichen und manchmal auch alltagssprachlichen Verwendung erläutert. Das Kapitel schließt mit der Perspektive der Akzeptanzforschung (Abschnitt 2.5). Akzeptanz kann als Rahmen für Verhaltensänderungen und die Verbreitung von neuen Handlungsweisen verstanden werden.
Theoretische Ansätze zur Erklärung von Mobilitätsverhalten
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Um Verkehrsmittelnutzung, Mobilitätsentscheidungen, Mobilitätshandeln und Mobilitätsverhalten zu erklären, werden in diesem Kapitel handlungstheoretische Ansätze und spezifischere Modelle sozialwissenschaftlicher Mobilitätsforschung eingeführt. Je nach Forschungsfrage und Interesse spielen bei der Analyse des Mobilitätsverhaltens eher bewusste Entscheidungen, z. B. die Kaufentscheidung eines Autos oder ÖV-Abos, eine Rolle oder eher gewohnheitsmäßiges und routiniertes Verhalten, z. B. Pendelwege zur Arbeit. Die Verkehrsmittelwahl entspricht folglich nicht immer einer Entscheidung, sondern Mobilitätsverhalten im Alltag zeigt sich häufig als Routine.
Untersuchungsdesign: Mobilität in Bochum 2020
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsanliegen wurde ein Mixed-Methods-Design gewählt. Anhand einer quantitativen Studie wird multimodale Mobilität im Vergleich zu monomodaler Automobilität in Bochum „quantifiziert“ und in ihren Nutzungsformen beschrieben. Dazu wird an bestehende quantitative Forschung zu multimodaler Mobilität angeknüpft (Groth 2019c; Nobis 2015).
Verkehrsverlagerungen – ein faktorieller Survey
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Ein Handlungsstrang, um Stau zu vermeiden und CO2-Emissionen zu senken, sind Verkehrsverlagerungen vom Auto auf umweltverträglichere Alternativen wie die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel oder das Fahrrad. Einige Städte (z. B. Bochum, Dortmund, Leipzig) haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Autowege auf den Umweltverbund zu verlagern. Häufig bleibt jedoch offen, mit welchen Maßnahmen die Verlagerungen erreicht werden. Die Analyse der Vignetten kann Aufschluss geben, welche Kriterien von den Befragten besonders hoch gewichtet werden.
Climate Adaptation in Carbon Neutral Cities: The Role of Clustered Buildings for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization in West Asian Cities
Authors: Alabsi Akram Ahmed Noman , Du Feng
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on the pivotal role of clustered building designs in enhancing energy efficiency and decarbonization strategies in West Asian cities, shedding light on an innovative approach to sustainable urban development. As climate adaptation measures gain momentum globally, carbon reduction and carbon neutrality stand as the primary objectives for major cities. West Asia confronts unique challenges that amplify the repercussions of climate change across various sectors. The literature reveals a lack of focus on climate adaptation and a limited emphasis on the integration of adaptation measures in carbon-neutral city strategies. This research addresses this gap through an inductive approach, employing case studies and a proposed mathematical model to evaluate the impact of climate adaptation strategies on carbon neutrality in West Asian cities. The results of our study underscore the immense potential of climate-adaptive clustered building designs in reducing building operating costs and carbon footprints. The synergy between these technologies presents a powerful avenue for achieving energy efficiency and emissions reduction while driving a green transformation in society's economic and social activities. Integrating climate adaptation techniques with renewable energy sources demonstrates significant improvements in energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, bringing us closer to optimal carbon neutrality. Finally, our research paves the way for rethinking urban planning and design in West Asian cities and beyond. It emphasizes the critical role of clustered building arrangements and climate adaptation techniques in achieving carbon neutrality, offering a sustainable and cost-effective path toward a more resilient urban future.
Impact Mechanism of Residential Area Patterns Based on Carbon Emission Measurement on Residents’ Travel: A Case Study of Mianyang, China
Authors: Hai Guoyang , Zhao Chunrong , Yan Li , Yu Minghong , Peng Huiyun , Li Jiaxin
Published: November 2024

Residents’ over-reliance on motor vehicles has changed their travel modes, leading to many problems such as traffic and air pollution, and greatly affecting residents’ low-carbon, healthy living. Reducing carbon emissions from residents’ travel has become a social consensus. This paper studies the impact mechanism of residential patterns on residents’ travel based on carbon emission measurement. An empirical study was carried out in eight neighborhoods in Mianyang City, first statistically analyzing residents’ non-commuting trips, then calculating non-commuting carbon emissions by using the travel carbon emission measurement method, and then using multiple regression models to study the effects of each physical environment element in the settlement model on non-commuting carbon emissions. The aim is to explore the differences in the impact of different indicators, and the ultimate goal is to find out the factors that reduce residents’ travel carbon emissions and are conducive to the construction of healthy residential areas.

The results show that there are differences in non-commuting travel and carbon emissions for different purposes in different residential areas, non-commuting travel is mainly by walking; carbon emissions from using service facilities are greater than carbon emissions from shopping and leisure travel. The impact of various elements of residential patterns is different, and the indicator elements with a greater degree of influence are floor area ratio, land use mix, and road network density.
Sustainable Development of Photovoltaic Market in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Zhang Gaochuan , Lin Qiaoyuan , He Bao-Jie
Published: November 2024

Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, emitted from thermal power generation, pose significant threats to human survival and development, contributing to phenomena such as floods, droughts, and storms. The photovoltaic market, as an emerging source of clean energy in China, has experienced widespread adoption and rapid growth, emerging as a cornerstone industry driving local economic development. This study focuses on the photovoltaic (PV) market in Zhejiang Province, analyzing its fundamentals across four key dimensions: market conditions, economic benefits, technological advancements, and policy frameworks. Findings demonstrate that a PV power station operating over a 30-year lifespan could potentially generate up to 864.275 billion kWh of electricity, yielding tariff revenues of 358.93 billion yuan. Moreover, such installations could significantly mitigate environmental impact by reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 873.965 billion metric tons, nitrogen oxide emissions by 245,100 metric tons, sulfur dioxide emissions by 163,900 metric tons, and conserving 261 million metric tons of standard coal.
Cooling Benefits of Urban Cooling Infrastructures: A Review
Authors: Luo Yu , Cheng Xiang , Dewancker Bart Julien , He Bao-Jie
Published: November 2024

As climate change intensifies, a significant rise in urban temperatures is exacerbating the global menace of urban heat, increasingly impacting the human residential environment. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and data to explore the multifaceted impacts of urban heat on global cities across social, environmental, health, and economic domains. The article elaborates on the definition, cooling mechanisms, and primary types of Urban Cooling Infrastructures (UCI), including blue infrastructure, green infrastructure, white and grey infrastructure, and urban design. It emphasizes the importance of UCI in improving the quality of the urban residential environment against the backdrop of global warming. By showcasing the comprehensive cooling benefits, the study contributes not only to enhancing overall urban resilience but also offers profound insights for sustainable urban development. The research aims extend beyond assisting policymakers and urban planners in formulating effective strategies for climate resilience and sustainability. It also seeks to guide future research directions in UCI within the context of widespread urban heatwaves.
Bibliometric-Based Analysis of Hotspots and Dynamics for the Urban Thermal Environment During 1990–2019
Authors: Gao Yuejing , Zhao Jingyuan , Han Li
Published: November 2024

In the post-epidemic era and extreme climate context, the study of urban health development, especially the urban thermal environment, has increasingly received extensive attention. In this paper, using Web of Science Core Collection as data sources, we analyzed the relevant literature in the field of urban thermal environment research during 1990–2019 by using scientific knowledge mapping and bibliometric method. It is found that the research in this field tends to be diversified and integrated, and the observation methods are gradually transitioning from field measurements to numerical simulation combined with field measurements. Furthermore, the focus tends to be on the quantitative studies of the urban thermal environment combined with the corresponding response mechanism for the planning action, which is shifting from passive adaptation to active governance. In the future, the research on adaptation planning under the role of urban microclimate especially thermal environment, the quantitative indicators, and dynamic collaborative planning methods will be the focus of research in this field.
Construction of Block Microclimate Analysis Model and Strategy of Climate Adaptive City Construction Based on Grasshopper
Authors: Zeng Xianjun , Qiu Xiaolei , Chen Jinmin , Qiu Yuxin , Wang Ting , Yang Wenyue
Published: November 2024

In the past, urban climate problems caused by rapid urbanization, mainly urban heat island effect, affected people's daily life; under the background of new urbanization, people pay more attention to climate perception on human scale, and explore green and comfortable urban environment construction path and economic and effective urban cooling strategy. At present, the study of urban planning pays attention to macroscopic land use layout or microscopic landscape design but lacks the discussion on the influence of architectural layout on microclimate construction. Based on Grasshopper software, this paper constructs a microclimate analysis model of urban block scale and simulates the influence of different architectural layouts on urban microclimate in urban blocks by using control variable method. Through analysis, it is concluded that the microclimate of urban blocks is affected by building height, density, overhead rate of the first floor and building layout. Finally, the index optimization of urban design is proposed to improve the microclimate of blocks in urban planning and promote the construction of climate-adapted cities.
Thermal Comfort Study of Human Activities at Different Levels in Outdoor Garden Spaces: Based on the Living Lab Method in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Regions
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Dong Liang
Published: November 2024

This study, leverages the Living Lab research platform to explore the variances in thermal comfort between dynamic and static activities in garden spaces during autonomous activity states. Volunteers participated by completing thermal comfort questionnaires in the Living Lab's garden area. Through monitoring and observation of participants’ activity states during survey completion, autonomous activities were categorized into static and dynamic activities, and the results and behavioral data of the two groups were analyzed comparatively. Spanning nine months, the study analyzed the impact of activity levels on garden thermal comfort and seasonal thermal adaptability. The findings reveal: 1) The neutral temperature for participants in garden spaces is highest in summer and lowest in winter, with dynamic activities having a lower neutral temperature than static activities, the largest difference observed in winter; 2) Dynamic activities have lower thermal sensitivity compared to static activities; 3) In thermal neutral and warm environments, the comfort level of dynamic activities is similar to static activities, but in colder environments, dynamic activities are more likely to feel comfortable; 4) Attendance for static activities in the garden is more susceptible to changes in the thermal environment compared to dynamic activities.
Pollution Exposure Assessment of Pocket Park PM2.5 Under the Influence of Urban Roads—A Case Study of Mianyang City
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhao Chunrong , Yan Li , Yu Minghong , Peng Huiyun , Hai Guoyang , Liu Yuzhen
Published: November 2024

Pocket parks, as the main places for urban residents’ daily recreation and communication, are usually arranged near urban roads for the convenience of residents, ignoring the risk of residents being exposed to traffic air pollution. Therefore, studying the potential pollution exposure of pocket parks is of great significance for reducing residents’ exposure to air pollution and improving the health level of pocket park leisure activities. This paper carries out empirical research on the case of Qicai Pocket Park in Mianyang City from the perspective of PM2.5, a traffic-derived air pollutant. Based on PM2.5 monitoring and population activity statistics, a pollution exposure assessment is conducted on the public space nodes with dense population activities in Qicai Pocket Park, and the following conclusions are drawn: During the study, the average daily PM2.5 concentration in Qicai Pocket Park is higher, and some spatial nodes with highly intensive population activities have higher pollution exposure; Meanwhile, the spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 is significantly different, which is significantly correlated with urban roads, plant allocation and surrounding human activities. Based on the principle of population exposure assessment, this paper constructs a pollution exposure assessment method for pocket parks, in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the health quality of urban public space and optimizing the planning and design of pocket parks.
Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Convalescence Climate Tourist Attraions in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhong Yanchuan , Peng Yunmeng , Cai Yiheng
Published: November 2024

This study analyses the distribution pattern, directionality, and regional aggregation characteristics of W-CCR, S-CCR, and Y-CCR in Sichuan Province, using POI (Point of Interest) data from 538 Convalescent Climate Resorts (CCR) and daily data from 156 national meteorological stations from 1991 to 2020. The factors that influence the spatial distribution of CCR are discussed from the perspectives of climate, natural environment, and human society. The data suggests that CCR is concentrated along the southern edge of the basin, the eastern side of the Hengduan Mountains at the border of the basin and plateau, and the Anning River Valley in the Panxi region, following a northwest-southeast orientation. However, the degree and pattern of aggregation vary among different types of CCR. The CCRs that avoid cold have the highest centrality and are mainly located in the Panxi region, which is a rare convalescent climate resource in Sichuan. The CCRs that avoid heat and those for general convalescence have a wider distribution range and strong directionality. Their hotspots are distributed in the northeastern, southwestern, and southern parts of the basin, as well as most regions of the Panxi area. The development of CCR is influenced by various factors, including convalescent climate resources, urbanization, economic development levels, population size, and policy guidance. This study aims to explore local climate resources and promote the transformation of climate resource advantages into tourism economic development advantages.
String loops and gravitational positivity bounds: imprint of light particles at high energies
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Tokuda Junsei
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We study loop corrections to positivity bounds on effective field theories in the context of 2 → 2 scattering in gravitational theories, in the presence of light particles. It has been observed that certain negative contributions at low energies are enhanced by inverse powers of a small mass m and are nontrivial to cancel against other low-energy contributions. These originate from near the forward limit of diagrams involving graviton exchange. We observe that scattering in this kinematics domain remains infrared-sensitive even at high center-of-mass energy. By considering a string-inspired model in which high-energy loops can be calculated using unitarity and Regge behavior of tree amplitudes, we uncover a natural mechanism through which 1/m-enhanced terms perfectly cancel between low and high energy contributions. This concretely explains possible positivity violations in the presence of gravity from the high-energy viewpoint.
A comparison of comorbidities and their risk factors prevalence across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis with focus on cardiovascular diseases: data from a single center real-world cohort
Authors: Guła Zofia , Łosińska Katarzyna , Kuszmiersz Piotr , Strach Magdalena , Nowakowski Jarosław , Biedroń Grzegorz , Zimba Olena , Dyczek Łukasz , Haugeberg Glenn , Korkosz Mariusz
Published: November 2024

Management of comorbidities is essential to a patient-centered approach to the treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of comorbidities and their risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in a single center outpatient cohort. This cross-sectional study included adult patients diagnosed with RA, PsA, and axSpA from a single rheumatology outpatient center. Comorbidities were documented by physicians, and patients were categorized into two age groups, younger (< 45 years) and older (≥ 45 years), with age- and gender-based comparisons. Disease activity, comorbidities, and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors were analyzed using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables, with p values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Comorbidities were registered by physicians using GoTreatIt® Rheuma software. Among 508 RA, 267 PsA, and 285 axSpA patients, the four most common comorbidities were hypertension (36.4%, 25.1%, and 19.7%, respectively), dyslipidemia (19.5%, 15.4%, 14.7% respectively), obesity (16.9%, 22.5%, 14% respectively) and thyroid disease (21.5%, 13.9%, 11.2% respectively). Other comorbidities differed among the diseases and included osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, arrhythmia, and asthma in RA, diabetes mellitus, depression and asthma in PsA, osteoporosis and serious infection in axSpA. RA patients, compared to axSpA had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (4.1% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.006), arrhythmia (6.9% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.008) and major adverse cardiac events (2.6% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.024) compared to axSpA. Osteoporosis was more frequent in RA (19.1%) and axSpA (8.4%) than in PsA (2.3%; p < 0.001) and was frequently diagnosed in patients aged < 45. Depression prevalence was surprisingly low (1.6%, 5.2%, and 1.8%, respectively). RA patients had the highest multimorbidity rate, with 26.6% reporting three or more comorbidities, compared to 16.8% in PsA and 10.6% in axSpA (p < 0.001). Health status was poorest in RA and worse in women compared to men for all diseases. RA, PsA, and axSpA share the same four most common comorbidities: hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and thyroid disease but have different prevalence of other disorders and CV risk factors, indicating the need for an individual screening and prevention approach. The possible unrecognition of depression should be evaluated.
Unravelling the incorporation mechanisms of water in aluminous orthoenstatite: II. comprehensive 1H, 29Si and 27Al NMR measurements
Authors: Xue Xianyu , Kanzaki Masami , Yin Rongzhang
Published: November 2024

Aluminum has been shown to significantly enhance the water incorporation capacity of orthoenstatite (OEn), but the incorporation mechanisms remained to be clarified. We performed a comprehensive one- and two-dimensional 1H, 29Si and 27Al NMR study on four hydrous aluminous OEn samples containing 1–8 wt% Al2O3 synthesized at 1.5 GPa and 900 °C to clarify the issue. The combined 1H MAS and static (non-spinning) NMR, 1H double-quantum and triple-quantum MAS NMR, and 27Al→1H CP MAS NMR and HETCOR results, in particular, unambiguously revealed that a large part of the incorporated water are present as proton pairs in Mg vacancies adjacent to Al, with one proton of each pair for the dominant proton pairs exhibiting significantly weaker hydrogen bonding than those in Al-free OEn. Proton pairs in Mg vacancies remote from Al are minor or absent for samples with 4–8 wt% Al2O3, and more abundant for a sample with 1 wt% Al2O3. Isolated protons due to coupled substitutions of Al + H for 1Si and 2Mg (both with weak hydrogen bonding) were also detected, but are less abundant than hitherto considered. The observed NMR peaks match well with those predicted for the corresponding OH defect models from our first-principles calculations. Thus, the enhancement of water solubility by Al for OEn are due to not only coupled substitutions of Al + H for 1Si and 2Mg, but also interactions of Al with proton pairs in Mg vacancies. These mechanisms may also be important in other nominally anhydrous aluminous silicate minerals.