bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gelin-Kaynana İlişkilerinin Medyadaki Temsili: Zuhal Topal’la Sofrada Örneği
Authors: BAŞ Elif , ÇEBİ Ecem
Published: April 2021

Toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin kültürel ve toplumsal kodlarının en fazla üretildiği alanlardan birini medya oluşturmaktadır. Bu mecrada kitleleri en fazla etkileyen araçların başında da televizyon gelmektedir. Televizyon programlarında egemen cinsiyet kodları söylemsel düzlemde seyircilere aktarılmakta ve kadınlığa ilişkin toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri yeniden üretilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, gelin-kaynana söyleminin medyadaki görünümleri arasında yer alan son dönemlerde popüler olan yemek programlarından biri incelenmiştir. Yayınlanan programın sadece bir yemek yarışmasından ibaret olmayıp, kadına atfedilen geleneksel cinsiyet rollerini yeniden ürettiği, egemen ataerkil ideolojiyi pekiştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada, Zuhal Topal’la Sofrada programının tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilen beş haftalık bölümlerine yer verilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemine başvurularak, programın içeriğinde üretilen söylemler, konuşmalar yazıya aktarılmış ve ele alınan bölümler eleştirel söylem analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Programda ataerkil söylem ve bu söylem aracılığıyla inşa edilen gelin-kaynana ilişkisine yönelik çözümlemelerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada, gündüz kuşağı programında erkek egemen söylemin üretilmesinde gelinler ile kayınvalideler arasında bir uzlaşının olduğu ve “ideal gelin” olmanın eril normlarla örtüştüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.
Perspectives of the EU Membership for Ukraine: the main Challenges and Threats
Authors: TSEPENDA Igor , HURAK İhor
Published: April 2021

With the entry into force of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU the relations between Kyiv and Brussels have reached their peak. At the same time, there are numerous challenges and threats that impede the further deepening of Ukraine's integration into the European Union. The intensification of internal disharmony in the EU after the enlargements in 2004 and 2007 have led to an increase of the enlargement fatigue. The aspirations of some European leaders to first regulate the situation inside the EU and only then to consider the prospects for enlargement potentially threaten Ukraine to stay down in the gray zone between the EU and Russia for a long time. However, the fact that Brussels is continuing a dialogue on enlargement with the Western Balkan countries may be the source for optimism for the Ukrainian side. Citizens of key EU countries consider the high level of corruption and low economic indicators of Ukraine to be the main challenges for the Ukrainian state on its way to membership in the Union. In recent years, despite the ongoing Russian aggression, Ukrainians managed to form an institutional and legal framework to counteract corruption and set the stage for economic growth. This creates grounds for expectations that the impact of relevant negative factors will decrease significantly over time. The position of Russia is the greatest threat for Ukraine's European prospects. After beginning of the Russian aggression in Ukraine, the leading states of the world and EU, while implementing foreign policy in the eastern direction, gradually have opted out of the “Russia First” principle. At the same time, the number of achievements of Russian diplomacy in the EU lately confirms that Russia remains one of the key partners of the leading capitals of Europe. Accordingly, now the Russian factor is a major deterrent to Ukraine's EU membership.
Mobilização de Experiências Narrativas como Processo de Reflexão e Transformação da Prática Pedagógica de um Professor de Matemática do Ensino Superior
Authors: Belo Edileusa Valente , Gonçalves Tadeu Oliver , Manfredo Elizabeth Gerhardt
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Oriundo de uma tese que investigou experiências de formadores de professores de matemática em processos autoformativos, este artigo buscou mostrar possíveis compreensões das experiências de um formador de professores, na relação com processos autoformativos e reflexões transformadoras da prática. Adotou-se a pesquisa narrativa para a compreensão das experiências a partir de registros em vídeo, diário de campo e áudios de diálogos. Recorreu-se, ainda, à técnica da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), construindo-se as categorias de experiências como licenciando em Análise, experiências como formador e visão da formação continuada. Evidenciou-se que o formador passou a refletir sobre as experiências, ao revelar lacunas da formação e da prática desenvolvida, e passou a realizar novas estratégias avaliativas, com base em reflexões e interações vivenciadas. Concluiu-se que a participação do formador na pesquisa provocou mobilização de experiências e permitiu-lhe vivenciar movimentos de reflexão e de transformação da prática, caminho para se pensar novos modelos formativos.
Trophic overlap of lionfish (Pterois volitans) and two native predators (Lutjanus apodus and Cephalopholis cruentata) in the western Caribbean
Authors: Murillo-Pérez Brenda Iveth , Schmitter-Soto Juan Jacobo , Cobián-Rojas Dorka , Herrera-Pavón Roberto Luis
Published: April 2021

Abstract Impact of invasive species on native biota may be due to predation, competition for space or food, or indirect effects. Lionfish (Pterois volitans), invasive in the western Atlantic, is a voracious generalist predator, so it is expected to have a significant trophic overlap with native fishes of comparable size and habits. The goal of this study was to determine the diets of potential competitors of the lionfish, in particular a grouper, Cephalopholis cruentata (Graysby), and a snapper, Lutjanus apodus (Schoolmaster), and to compare them to the diet of lionfish in Xcalak, southern Mexican Caribbean. Stomach contents were analyzed and electivity and diet overlap were estimated. The trophic overlap between the lionfish and the two putative competitors, especially the grouper, was high, including prey that was consumed by the predators in higher proportion than the relative abundance of the prey in the environment, and probably at the same time of day. Lionfish and grouper shared as important diet items Stegastes sp., Halichoeres sp., Brachyura, and Palaemonidae, and most full stomachs were found during the early morning. The hypothesis of competition between them for particular prey is supported, so we advise to continue the culling programs of lionfish and also to monitor the abundance of the possible native competitors.
Síndrome compartimental no primeiro interósseo dorsal: relato de caso
Authors: Rosendo Clara Wilma Fernandes , Cavalcanti José Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva , Oliveira Raimundo Rosendo de
Published: April 2021

Resumo O diagnóstico da síndrome compartimental em regiões que não são frequentemente afetadas, por possuírem uma boa relação continente-conteúdo, pode se tornar difícil, uma vez que o cirurgião terá dificuldades em alcançar um diagnóstico apenas por um sinal ou sintoma isolado. Assim, muitas vezes, pode-se protelar a conduta adequada, desencadeando danos ao paciente. A paciente era uma mulher, de 29 anos, que foi atendida com dor em mão esquerda por queimadura, com lesão em região anterior à tabaqueira anatômica de tamanho significativo. A paciente já havia sido submetida a cirurgia na sua cidade de origem com desbridamento de pele e tecido subcutâneo há 30 dias, com evolução sem melhora do quadro doloroso. Estava em uso de antibioticoterapia (ceftriaxona 1 g de 12 em 12 horas) e analgesia com dose terapêutica de morfina de 8 em 8 horas.
Proteomics characterization of Staphylococcus spp. from goat mastitis and phenogeno-typical assessment of resistance to beta-lactamics
Authors: Pereira Camila S. , Santos Lídia M.M. , Machado Leandro S. , Melo Dayanne A. , Coelho Shana M.O. , Pereira Virginia L.A. , Souza Miliane M.S. , Nascimento Elmiro R.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Mastitis occupies a prominent place among the diseases that affect dairy herds due to economic problems and public health. Staphylococcus spp. are infectious agents more involved in the etiology of caprine mastites, especially coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Nineteen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were obtained from subclinical caprine mastitis. All isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, being 47.36% (9/19) identified for S. epidermidis, 15.78% (3/19) for S. warneri, 10.52% (2/19) for S. aureus and S. caprae and 5.26% (1/19) for S. lugdunensis, S. simulans, and S. cohnii. All isolates characterized by MALDI-TOF were subjected a to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Staphylococcus spp. to confirm the gender. After determining the species, tests for phenotypic detection of resistance to beta-lactams were carried out simple disk diffusion oxacillin, cefoxitin, penicillin G and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, agar “screen” oxacillin and microdilution (MIC) cefoxitin. The disk diffusion test showed a strength of 58% (11/19) for penicillin G, 26.31% (5/19) for cefoxitin and 26.31% (5/19) for oxacillin. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and agar “screen” oxacillin. In the MIC, 63.15% (12/19) of the samples were cefoxitin resistant (MIC >4.0μg/ml). Then isolates were subjected to detection of the mecA resistance genes and regulators (mecl and mecRI), mecC and blaZ. Two samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis had the mecA gene. All isolates were negative for the mecA gene variant, mecl, mecRI, mecC and blaZ. These findings reinforce the importance of this group of microorganisms in the etiology of subclinical mastitis in goats and open perspectives for future research to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.
Poisonous plants for ruminants in the dairy region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Melo Jaianne K.A. , Ramos Taciana R.R. , Baptista Filho Luiz C.F. , Cruz Luana V. , Wicpolt Nathalia S. , Fonseca Silvio M.C. , Mendonça Fábio S.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: A survey carried out in the dairy region of Pernambuco was conducted to determine the most important poisonous plants for ruminants in the region. A total of 95 farmers from 19 municipalities were interviewed and the grazing areas of ruminants were inspected. According to the survey, the most important poisonous plants for ruminants were Manihot esculenta, Palicourea aeneofusca, Brachiaria decumbens, Indigofera suffruticosa, Ricinus communis and Cestrum axillare. Less reported classes of poisonous plants included nephrotoxic plants and plants that cause abortions or congenic malformations. Psychotria hoffmannseggiana, Psychotria colorata and Psychotria capitata were reported by farmers as the cause of sudden death in cattle. These plants should be better investigated to evaluate their importance as the cause of cattle deaths.
Força muscular respiratória e qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística
Authors: Mucha Francieli Camila , Rosa Suellen Bitencourt , Almeida Ana Carolina da Silva , Bobbio Tatiana Godoy , Cardoso Juliana , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos
Published: April 2021

RESUMO A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética multissistêmica caracterizada por obstrução crônica que, associada a outras alterações pulmonares, pode comprometer a força muscular respiratória (FMR) e, em consequência, interferir no desempenho de atividades típicas da infância, alterando a qualidade de vida (QV) dessa população. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre FMR e QV de crianças e adolesceantes com FC. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que incluiu pacientes com idades entre 6 e 14 anos, provenientes de um centro de referência no Brasil. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica e da FMR, esta utilizando as pressões inspiratória (PImáx) e expiratória máximas (PEmáx) por meio da manovacuômetria digital (Globalmed® MVD300). Aplicou-se o Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire (QFC), questionário específico para a avaliar a QV nessa doença, nas versões para crianças (QFC-C) e para os pais ou responsáveis (QFC-R). A gravidade da doença foi classificada segundo o escore de Schwachman Doeurshuk (ESD). Dados sobre a colonização de bactérias e o genótipo da doença foram consultados por meio da análise dos prontuários. Analisou-se os dados por meio do software SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Após o teste Shapiro-Wilk, aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman. Em toda a análise foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Participaram do estudo 28 crianças (15 meninos) com média de idade de 10,10±1,79 anos, as quais apresentaram FMR próxima ao predito e pontuações do QFC indicando boa QV. O ESD relacionou-se negativamente com domínio digestivo (p=0,03; rho=-0,400). A PEmáx apresentou correlação negativa com domínio corpo do QFC-R (p=0,002; rho=-0,426) e com domínio tratamento do QFC-C (p=0,01; rho=-0,453). A PImáx apresentou correlação positiva com os domínios físico (p=0,03; rho=0,410), emocional (p=≤0,001; rho=0,573) e tratamento (p=≤0,01; rho=-0,605) do QFC-C. A PImáx também mostrou correlação positiva com o domínio respiratório (p=0,01; rho=0,572) do QFC-R. Em conclusão, identificou-se associação entre domínios da QV e FMR, bem como com o ESD e aspectos nutricionais. Essa amostra apresentou valores de FMR acima do esperado e boa QV.
Aplicabilidade das equações de referência brasileiras para o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em pacientes com câncer de pulmão
Authors: Vasconcelos Nara Naone Lino de , Martins Neilane da Silva , Pereira Eanes Delgado Barros , Almeida Amanda Souza Araújo , Mesquita Rafael
Published: April 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o impacto da utilização de diferentes equações de referência brasileiras para a distância percorrida no teste da caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min) na avaliação da capacidade funcional de exercício em pacientes com câncer de pulmão (CP). Este estudo transversal incluiu 48 pacientes com CP (idade média de 60±12 anos). Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação de características sociodemográficas, clínicas e da sua capacidade funcional de exercício com o TC6min, seguindo recomendações internacionais. Foram analisadas cinco equações. A distância percorrida pelos pacientes (503±102 metros) foi relativamente próxima às distâncias previstas pelas equações de referência (82-94% do previsto), embora estatisticamente inferior (p<0,05 para todas).
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS AND A SCHEDULE FOR ACCESS TO VACCINATION FROM USERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Duarte Deborah Correia , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca , Augusto Thais de Fátima Silvério , Oliveira Valéria Conceição de , Martins Jéssica Rauane Teixeira , Tholl Adriana Dutra
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective to understand access to vaccination and its organizational aspects in the daily routine of Primary Health Care from users’s point of view. Method a holistic-qualitative multiple case study based on Comprehensive Sociology of Everyday Life, with 74 users from four sanitary microregions of the West Minas Gerais Extended Health Region, Brazil. As evidence data sources, we used the open and intensive individual interview, guided by a semi-structured script and technical visit to the vaccine rooms. Data were collected between June 2016 and April 2017. Data analysis was based on thematic content analysis. Results proved to be obstacles that compromise access to immunization services such as: the establishment of specific days for the performance of certain vaccines; the opening hours of vaccine rooms; lack of immunobiological; lack of guidance on the part of health professionals. It was evidenced that direct contact and insertion of users in other actions and services of the unit favor access to vaccination. A schedule for better access was suggested by users, who recommended: the reorganization of the days and times available for vaccination; vaccine card computerization; implementation of dissemination strategies to expand search for immunization; vaccination room structural adequacy; expansion of human resources in health units. Conclusion it is emphasized the importance of services identifying their weaknesses and adopting strategies that enable user-centered care, promoting access to health services and, consequently, immunization.
Recovering records on cancer of the larynx from anonymous health information databases
Authors: Fernandes Fernando Timoteo , Silva Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e , Campos Felipe , Santana Vilma Sousa , Cuani Lucas , Curado Maria Paula , Salvi Leonardo , Algranti Eduardo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Objective: To develop a linkage algorithm to match anonymous death records of cancer of the larynx (ICD-10 C32X), retrieved from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIH-SUS) in Brazil. Methodology: Death records containing ICD-10 C32X codes were retrieved from SIM and SIH-SUS, limited to individuals aged 30 years and over, between 2002 and 2012, in the state of São Paulo. The databases were linked using a unique key identifier developed with sociodemographic data shared by both systems. Linkage performance was ascertained by applying the same procedure to similar non-anonymous databases. True pairs were those having the same identification variables. Results: A total of 14,311 eligible death records were found. Most records, 10,674 (74.6%), were exclusive to SIM. Only 1,853 (12.9%) deaths were registered in both systems, representing true pairs. A total of 1,784 (12.5%) cases of laryngeal cancer in the SIH-SUS database were tracked in SIM with different causes of death. The linkage failed to match 167 (9.4%) records due to inconsistencies in the key identifier. Conclusion: The authors found that linking anonymous data from mortality and hospital records is a feasible measure to track missing records and may improve cancer statistics.
Inclusion of palliative care teaching in medical schools in Brazil
Authors: Castro Andrea Augusta , Taquette Stella Regina , Marques Natan Iório
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The palliative care (PC) approach is a care modality recommended by the World Health Organization. Suffering and the process of dying are present in everyday clinical practice, affecting people with life-threatening diseases. However, the predominant model of teaching in Brazilian medical schools does not include palliative care. Objectives: The aim of the study was to get to know the Brazilian medical schools that include PC in their curriculum, and how it has been taught. Methods: Descriptive and exploratory study, carried out by searching for medical schools with disciplines in PC, through the analysis of the course syllabi available in the curricular matrices on the official websites of higher education institutions from August to December 2018. They were analyzed considering the offered period of the PC content, workload, scenario, and type of discipline (elective or mandatory). Results: 315 schools registered with the Ministry of Education were found, and only 44 of them (14%) offer courses in PC. These schools are distributed throughout 11 Brazilian states, of which 52% are located in the Southeast region, 25% in the Northeast, 18% in the South, 5% in the Midwest, and none in the North region. The predominant modality of the type of discipline in PC was mandatory in 61% of schools. Most Brazilian medical schools are private entities (57%), a similar percentage to the total number of medical schools identified with the teaching of PC. This course takes place in the 3rd and 4th years of the course; in most schools, the workload was 46,9 hours. The predominant scenario is the classroom, while some institutions provide integration between teaching community service and medical practice. The program contents are diverse, including thanatology, geriatrics and finitude, humanization, bioethics, pain, oncology and chronic diseases. Conclusion: PC education in Brazil is insufficient, which represents a barrier to the training of doctors in line with the recommendations of international entities, the National Curriculum Guidelines and legal frameworks within the scope of SUS. Investments by medical entities and government agencies are necessary to increase teaching in PC and the consequent qualification of medical training.
Expansão de vagas e qualidade dos cursos de Medicina no Brasil: “Em que pé estamos?”
Authors: Santos Júnior Claudio José dos , Misael Jailton Rocha , Trindade Filho Euclides Maurício , Wyszomirska Rozangela Maria de Almeida Fernandes , Santos Almira Alves dos , Costa Paulo José Medeiros de Souza
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Introdução: A educação médica no Brasil vem enfrentando um importante processo de expansão. Essa realidade foi fortemente influenciada por programas e políticas educacionais implementados principalmente nas últimas décadas. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo traçar um panorama da formação e da avaliação dos cursos de graduação em Medicina no contexto nacional. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. O levantamento de dados ocorreu por meio de dados provenientes da Sistemática de Avaliação Nacional da Educação Superior do Ministério da Educação disponibilizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, órgão que coordena e gerencia dados relativos aos processos de regulação, avaliação e supervisão da educação superior no sistema federal de educação. Foram analisados 20 anos de oferta de cursos de Medicina no Brasil (2000-2019). Resultados: No período em estudo, o número de escolas médicas apresentou um crescimento de 214,9%. No total, analisaram-se 337 cursos de graduação em Medicina em atividade vinculados a instituições de ensino superior públicas (35%) e privadas (65%), perfazendo 34.585 vagas anuais ofertadas. Os cursos estão distribuídos nas 27 unidades federativas brasileiras, com maior e menor concentração de vagas e escolas médicas nas Regiões Sudeste e Norte, respectivamente. A média nacional do número de vagas/ano foi de 1.280,9 vagas/ano e da razão vagas/habitantes foi de 16,5 vagas/100 mil habitantes. A maioria dos cursos obteve conceito três nos indicadores de qualidade propostos pelo Ministério da Educação. Conclusão: O ensino da Medicina no Brasil vem passando por importante processo de expansão, e este é fundamentalmente privado e mal distribuído pelo país, e apresenta indicadores de qualidade mínimos para manutenção do seu funcionamento.
Selfie Narratives Made by Young People
Authors: Silva Isis Graziele da , Kupermann Daniel
Published: April 2021

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of selfies on social networks, identifying the meanings produced by young people about their selfies and seeking to expand the understanding about this type of photography. Structured interviews were conducted with 15 college students between 18 and 28 years old that were analyzed through “applied psychoanalysis”. The participants chose personal selfies and justified their publication on social networks. The interviews pointed to multiple meanings interacting with each other. Five narrative categories were created to reflect on the elements that appeared privileged in the interviewees’ speech. The results showed aspects little or not discussed in the literature on the subject, revealing the plurality of meanings that exist in selfies. Thus, this study broadens the interpretation about the use that young people make of social networks and contributes with new insights to the work on this theme in contemporary clinical practice.
MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT BATTERY FOR CHILDREN-SECOND EDITION: THEORETICAL ADEQUACY OF A MOTOR ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT
Authors: Nazario Patrik Felipe , Ferreira Luciana , Both Jorge , Vieira José Luiz Lopes
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the adequacy of the theoretical model of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) instrument. Methods: 582 children, of both sexes, aged between 3 and 5 years and residents in the city of Maringá (state of Paraná, Southern Brazil) participated in the study. Data were collected from May/2014 to June/2015 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The evidence obtained from exploratory factor analysis indicated the presence of two factors, which was the option that best fitted the explanatory model. Hence, it was necessary to regroup the motor tasks of the dimensions “Aiming & catching” and “Balance” into only one dimension. It is noteworthy that the “Bicycle trail” motor task did not fit the model, as it presented a low and negative factor load in the analyzed dimensions. In the confirmatory factor analysis, adequate adjustment indices were observed for the tested model, which confirmed the non-classification of the “Bicycle trail” motor task in the original dimension. Conclusions: After removing the “Bicycle trail” motor task, the adjusted two-factor model seems to be the most appropriate to assess the motor performance of children participating in the study.
¡FELIZ CUMPLEAÑOS, SEÑOR FUNCIONARIO! SOBRE LA JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA CRIMINALIZACIÓN DE LA ACEPTACIÓN Y EL OFRECIMIENTO DE REGALOS EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: Rusca Bruno
Published: April 2021

Resumen El trabajo argumenta que resulta legítimo castigar a los funcionarios públicos por aceptar regalos en el ejercicio de sus funciones, y a los particulares por ofrecérselos; esto es, cuando la dádiva es otorgada por mera consideración al cargo, pero no involucra un compromiso por parte del funcionario de realizar cierto acto como contraprestación –quid pro quo–. Concretamente, se sostiene que por la función expresiva que desempeñan los regalos, en la medida en que favorecen el surgimiento de relaciones estrechas entre los agentes, los regalos tienen la capacidad de interferir en las decisiones de los funcionarios y, de este modo, pueden afectar el normal funcionamiento de la Administración pública. Asimismo, a partir de ciertas herramientas desarrolladas por la teoría del delito, el trabajo propone pautas para determinar en qué casos la aceptación y el ofrecimiento de regalos deben considerarse atípicos. Por último, se plantea una serie de parámetros que pueden ser útiles en la práctica para distinguir la aceptación y el ofrecimiento de regalos de los sobornos.
Serological evidence of Rickettsia in horses from a semi-arid Brazilian region
Authors: Farias Ila Ferreira , Souza Eline Almeida Rodrigues de , Serpa Maria Carolina de Azevedo , Palha Flávio Silva , Oliveira Glauber Meneses Barboza de , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Horta Mauricio Claudio
Published: April 2021

Abstract Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a common tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Horses are the primary hosts of the main vector, Amblyomma sculptum, and are considered efficient sentinels for circulation of Rickettsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii antigens in horses from a non-endemic area in the north-central region of Bahia state, Brazil. Blood samples and ticks were collected from 70 horses from the municipalities of Senhor do Bonfim, Antônio Gonçalves, Pindobaçu, and Campo Formoso. The sera obtained were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-Rickettsia antibodies. Overall, 5.7% (4/70) of the horses reacted to R. rickettsii antigens. Ticks were collected from 18.6% (13/70) of the horses and were identified as A. sculptum and Dermacentor nitens. Despite being a non-endemic area, seropositive animals were identified in our study, suggesting circulation of rickettsial agents in the region. This is the first serological survey of this agent in horses from the north-central region of Bahia, and further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology of BSF in these locations.
Viral sequence identification SOP with VirSorter2 v2
Authors: Guo Jiarong
Published: April 2021

This protocol shows how to use VirSorter2, checkV, DRAMv and some manual curation criteria for viral sequence identification.
Surgical treatment of newborns with small bowel atresia (literature review)
Authors: Batchenko Natalya Y. , Mokrushina Olga G. , Gogichaeva Alania A.
Published: April 2021

Intestinal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the lumen of the jejunum or ileum and is one of the most common causes of congenital obstruction in newborns. This literature review is devoted to the surgical treatment of newborns with various types intestinal atresia. Causes of intestinal atresia are considered, where a special role is assigned to the genetic theory, the expression of the nucleotide sequences ITGA2 873G/A and NPPA 2238T/C and antenatal circulatory disorders of the developing intestine. Topographical-anatomical and morphological characteristics of the intestine in newborns with intestinal atresia are studied in detail in articles. A table of revealed histomorphological features of the small intestine in children with atresia was compiled. In addition, processes occurring in the mucosa, submucosa, muscle, and serous membranes are described in detail. A relationship was found related to the size of the atresia site and duration of ischemia. The theory of neuromuscular regulation of the intestine is considered, in which an important role is assigned to interstitial pacemaker cells of Cajal. Variants of anastomosis depending on the difference in diameters of the adductor and excretory parts of the intestine are analyzed, and results of treatment in patients with laparoscopic access are described. The postoperative course of disease, development of complications, recurrent operative interventions, duration of parenteral nutrition, and onset of enteral load was evaluated.

Conclusion. The choice of surgical technologies used to restore the patency of the intestinal tube is determined by the degree of discrepancy between diameters of anastomosed segments. The prognosis is not determined by tactics of surgical treatment, type of atresia, time before treatment, and presence of associated anomalies.
Video-assisted percutaneous hernia sac suturing: a new technique of inguinal hernia repair in children
Authors: Pavlushin Pavel M. , Gramzin Alexey V. , Krivosheenko Nikolai V. , Koinov Yuri Y. , Chikinev Yuri V.
Published: April 2021

Background. Inguinal hernias are very important problem in pediatric surgery. It appears in 520 cases in every 1000 newborns, approximately 10 times prevalence in males. However, the incidence of inguinal hernia is bigger by 1.52 times in group of premature infants.
Materials and methods. In prospective study, that was performed in 20192020, 90 pediatric patients diagnosed inguinal hernia were included. All patients had open herniotomy (Duhamel method), subcutaneous endoscopic-assisted ligation of inguinal hernia using Tuohy needle, or video-assisted percutaneous hernial sac suturing (VIPS).
Results. The mean operating time in VIPS group was 13 13.46 min in patients with unilateral inguinal hernia and 20 6.12 min in patients with bilateral variant. In the 6-month follow-up period, any complications or recurrences were not observed. VIPS group included two extremely premature infant with uni- and bilateral inguinal hernia. Minimally invasive herniotomy was performed in 50 weeks post-conceptual age, with unremarkable postoperative period. A difference was found in the operating time between groups of minimally invasive herniotomy and group of Duhamel repair. No difference was found in the operating time of bilateral hernia between all groups.
Conclusion. Considered all things, assuming that announced method of video-assisted percutaneous hernial sac ligation to be a perspective minimal invasive way of treatment for inguinal hernia in children is reasonable. However, for final conclusions, further study of this surgical technique, also in a cohort of premature infants, is required, with the possible organization of multicenter clinical trials.
Specific features of the adhesion process of the abdominal cavity in children with different degrees of connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Minaev Sergey V. , Timofeev Sergey I. , Grigorova Alina N. , Vladimirova Oksana V. , Pashneva Elena I. , Kolesnikov Evgeniy G.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess adhesions of the abdominal cavity in children with varying degrees of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) severity.

Methods. A total of 91 children with average age of 10.6 1.4 years were observed from 2005 to 2019. Composed of 53 boys (58.2%) and 38 girls (41.8%). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (69 children without CTD) and group 2 (22 children with CTD). Clinical data and screening cards were used to diagnose DST. All patients underwent an assessment for the clinical course, a macroscopic visual assessment adhesive process severity in the abdominal cavity according to three different scales (Nair, F. Coccolini, N.I. Ayushinova). Immunohistochemistry was performed against collagen I, III, IV type, Laminin 1, angiogenesis factors, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-), and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1). A semi-quantitative counting method was used to record the relative number of immunopositive structures. Statistical analysis was carried out by methods of variation statistics using the Chi-square test and MannWhitney U-tests, as well as the Spearman rank correlation method for the reliability of differences between groups.

Results. In the adhesive process visualization, the N.I. Ayushinov scale was revealed to be the most informative, showing the average score of 7 0.8 points in group 2 and 14 1.2 in group 1 (rs 0.35; p 0.05). In group 2, the adhesive material showed no (56%) or chaotic fragments (44%) of type I collagen, and the ratio of type I to type III collagen is 2.7: 5.1. In group 1, the ratio of type I to type III collagen is 5.9:1.8. The ratio of collagen IV to type I is 6.5: 2.9. Both groups have a moderate (++) amount of TGF-. TGF- is positive with macrophages. FGFR1 was found in the control group (++++). A positive response was seen in fibroblasts and macrophages (U = 79.00; p = 0.006). Statistically significant analyzes of vascular endothelial growth factor in compared groups (rs = 0.632, p 0.001) had a positive correlation..

Conclusion. Thus, the study showed features of clinical course and morphological changes during the development of adhesions in the abdominal cavity in children with varying degrees of severity of CTD. Data obtained dictate the need for an individual approach in predicting adhesive disease, as well as targeted preventive care.
Features of treatment in children with fractures of the distal metaphysis of the shin bones: cases report
Authors: Dorokhin Alexander I. , Adrianova Anastasia A. , Khudik Vladimir I. , Sorokin Dmitriy S. , Goryunov Alexey K.
Published: April 2021

This case study discusses the treatment of distal methapyphiseal fractures of shin in children. The choice of this problem based on wide expansion of fractures and poor treatment results. Age of children ranges from 10 to 16 years. Examination was done with X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound, especially in cases where damaged ligamentous apparatus was suspicious. The main method of treatment was surgicalosteosynthesis by pins, plates, and screws. In the rehabilitation period, the legs were immobilized by Plaster of Paris for 46 weeks. The first case demonstrated the probability of damage of the distal tibiofibularis ligaments and necessity of their reconstruction. In the management of the second case, the efficacy of CT scans in validation of the fracture is presented. The treatment of the teenager presented in the third case was based on biomechanical principles. In majority of cases, outcomes in the period of 68 weeks after trauma were good and satisfactory. In our opinion, diagnosis and treatment of distal methapyphiseal fractures of the shin in children must be different that was proved in the examination of bones and ligaments injuries. Creation of the special structure classification for understanding and effective treatment of these kinds of methepyphiseal fractures in children is believed to be necessar.
Results of the XII international congress "Stars of pediatric surgery in Baikal"
Authors: Kozlov Yury A. , Baradieva Polina Z. , Rasputin Andrey A. , Ochirov Chimit B. , Cheremnov Vladislav S.
Published: April 2021

For the first time, the congress was held online. For two days, 25 speakers from 9 countries shared their knowledge with the audience. Broadcasts of reports and symposia were attended by about 1,500 people worldwide.
VI forum of pediatric surgeons of russia (lessons and perspectives)
Authors: Rozinov Vladimir M. , Suvorov Sergey G. , Gorbachev Oleg S. , Petlakh Vladimir I. , Erokhina Nadezhda O.
Published: April 2021

The VI Forum of Russian Pediatric Surgeons was held on the online platform on October 2324 and October 3031, 2020. A total of 1,719 specialists from 20 countries took part in the work for the forum, which is 2.8 times higher than the corresponding figure from 2019. The daily audience of registered speakers and listeners ranged from 835 to 1.027 people. During the four days forum, 74 speakers presented 84 reports. The Forum of Russian Pediatric Surgeons promotes the broad promotion of innovative ideas and technologies and integration of domestic specialists into the international professional space.
Which Manufacturing Enterprises Have Received Advantages in Access to Government Orders After the Crisis of 2014–2015?
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Rodionova Yuliya D. , Yakovlev Andrey A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: April 2021

This paper, based on two surveys of manufacturing enterprises in 2014 and 2018, analyzed the characteristics of enterprises receiving public orders, as well as the dynamics of changes in access to public procurement after tightening external conditions for the Russian economy against the backdrop of international sanctions and the 2014–2015 crisis. The analysis showed that in 2016–2017 in the manufacturing industry, almost half (45%) of large and a third of medium-sized firms had public contracts. However, among the small firms that took part in the survey, only 22% received public contracts, despite the declared policy of supporting small businesses. In contrast to 2013, in the post-crisis period there were no significant differences in access to public procurement for enterprises with and without state participatio n. Along with this, the state began to impose more requirements on the disclosure of information on the structure of ownership by enterprises. Membership in business associations gave advantages in access to public procurement for medium and large enterprises, but this effect was absent for small firms. In general, against the background of international sanctions and the crisis of 2014–2015 for all types of enterprises in the post-crisis period, the scheme of complementarity of direct and indirect instruments of state support has been preserved, and for small enterprises, the manifestations of the "model of exchanges" between government and business have become more significant, thus small enterprises providing assistance to the regional and local authorities in the social development of the region, more often received public orders.
Paradoxes of The Russian Digitalization Programs
Authors:   The Institute of financial and economic security of the National nuclear University (MEPhI), Lukashov Nikolay V. , Lukashova Svetlana S. ,   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Latov Yuri V. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS
Published: April 2021

The Russian Federation is in the process of forming an «information society», which includes information and computer technologies as its external attributes. The process of informatization is developing in three main areas-education, work, and interaction between government and civil society – based on national programs, primarily «Electronic Russia» and its continuation. However, their implementation in Russia is characterized by a number of contradictions between the real tasks of ensuring sustainable development of the Russian Federation and formal settings for the growth of formal indicators of Informatization. As a result, the Russian Federation may fall further behind the technologically developed countries of the world, both in terms of the level of information support for the economy and public relations, and in terms of the level of information technologies development themselves. To remedy the situation, it is proposed to take measures to change the practice of goal-setting, to serve the interests of production, public administration and social needs.
A semi-empirical method for simulating strong ground motions based on variable-slip rupture models for large earthquakes
Authors: Dan Kazuo , Sato Toshiaki
Published: April 2021

Variable-slip rupture models for large earthquakes, obtained by the source inversion of long-period (>4 sec) seismic waves, are taken into account in a semi-empirical method for simulating broadband (< about 10 sec) strong ground motions. The high-frequency (>0.25 Hz) source spectrum of the (p, q)th subfault is inferred by the θ−2 mode with two circular corner frequencies. The first is ωDpq = Vpq/Dpq, due to the temporal integration of the slip-velocity time function, where Vpq is the maximum slip velocity and Dpq is the final slip. The other is ωSpq = 2βpq/λpq, due to the spacial integration of the slip-velocity time function on the subfault, where βpq is the S-wave velocity of the medium and λpq is the equivalent radius of the subfault. Here, Vpq, Dpq, βpq, and λpq are specified by the long-period source-inversion results.

First, we describe this new method by applying it to the variable-slip rupture model for the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of MS 8.1 obtained by Mendoza and Hartzell (1989). The simulated accelerations and velocities at CAL (Caleta de Campos) and VIL (La Villita), both located above the ruptured zone, are in good agreement with the observed ones. Next, the method is applied to the variable-slip rupture model for the 1923 Kanto, Japan, earthquake of MS 8.2 obtained by Wald and Somerville (1995). This earthquake is one of the most important earthquakes for the mitigation of earthquake disaster in the Tokyo metropolitan area; unfortunately, strong-motion records for this earthquake were off-scaled in the region of strong shaking and significant damage. The pseudo-velocity response spectrum of the simulated acceleration of TOK (Tokyo JMA) averages 60 cm/sec in the period range of 0.5 to 10 sec and is consistent with that of the Kanto earthquake record observed at HNG (Hongo, Tokyo), whose off-scaled parts were restored as well as possible by Yokota et al. (1989). The instrumental JMA seismic intensities (JMA, 1996) of the simulated accelerations at TOK and YOK (Yokohama JMA) are consistent with the observed JMA seismic intensity 6 (JMA, 1983). The instrumental JMA seismic intensity of the simulated accelerations at KNS (soil site in Odawara) is also consistent with the JMA seismic intensity 7, estimated from the ratio of collapsed houses (Mononobe, 1925). The simulated broadband (0.1 to 10 sec) motions will be useful in the mitigation of earthquake disaster in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
Rupture depths and source processes of the 1997-1998 earthquake sequence in central Italy
Authors: Olivieri Marco , Ekström Göran
Published: April 2021

The focal depths and the rupture processes of four moderate earthquakes, which occurred in central Italy during 1997 and 1998, are investigated using broadband teleseismic data. The earthquakes, the largest with MW = 6.0, caused significant damage in the epicentral area and are part of an unusual sequence of moderate-sized earthquakes to strike the central Apennines. For three of the events, the waveforms are found to be consistent with seismic ruptures confined to the top 5 to 7 km of the crust. Directivity effects are evident in the waveforms of the largest earthquake, and waveform inversion suggests an upward rupture with a horizontal component oriented toward the north. One earthquake (MW = 5.2) is confirmed from waveform modeling to have occurred at 50 km depth. This is the first event of this magnitude to have been located in the mantle beneath the Apennines.
Oesophageal varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy and spontaneous Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage in a case of liver cirrhosis diagnosed on autopsy.
Authors: Sharma Luv , Yadav Pardeep , Singh Mahender
Published: April 2021

Alcohol remains one of the most abused substances worldwide. Studies over the years have attributed chronic alcoholism as a major risk factor to liver cirrhosis. Patients with liver cirrhosis develop portal hypertension which put them at a higher risk of having esophageal varices and other associated complications. The authors present a case of a chronic alcoholic male individual who developed cirrhosis along with other less reported complications like sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and portal hypertensive gastropathy. The paper also profiles various changes associated with esophageal varices as observed during autopsy examination.
Lower Leg Muscle Function: A Contributory Risk Factor of Gait and Balance Impairment after Six Minutes Walk among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sanni Adeola , Lynall Robert , Backus Deborah , McCully Kevin
Published: April 2021

Background/Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that results in increased fatigue, decreased muscle function, and impaired gait and balance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lower leg muscle function and changes in gait and balance immediately and 20 minutes after 6mins walk-induced fatigue. Methods: Six persons with MS (Patient-Determined Disease Steps 3-5) participated in the study. Perceived fatigue and demographic information were taken at baseline. Muscle fatigability and mitochondria capacity was measured in the lower leg muscles before walking. Reported fatigue (VAFS, 0-10), gait variability, gait asymmetry, and static balance were measured before and immediately after a self-paced 6 minutes treadmill walk with slight elevation, and after 20 minutes of rest. Results: Participant’s baseline MFIS score ranged from 14 - 71. There was a 173% increase in reported fatigue scores after walking. Gait was impaired with a ~26% increase in gait variability and ~40% increase in gait asymmetry immediately after walking (Cohen’s D = 0.4, 0.3 respectively). There was also ~69% increase in balance postural sway with eyes opened and a ~20% increase with eyes closed (Cohen’s D = 0.5, 0.2 respectively). Gait and balance remained impaired after 20 minutes of rest. The decline in gait parameters after walking had a negative correlation with muscle endurance (r=-0.80, p=0.03), and mitochondrial capacity (r=-0.92, p<0.01). The changes in gait and balance were more evident in participants with a higher disability. Conclusions: Six minutes of self-paced walking with slight elevation worsened gait and balance among people with MS (PwMS), which did not completely recover after 20 minutes of rest. The changes in gait after walking were associated with lower leg muscle function. Lower leg muscle function might be an important intervention target to improve gait and balance fall risk among PwMS.