bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the AHP Method in Determining the Completion of Logistics Warehouse Stock Buildup Using the Expert Choice Application
Authors: Afifah Sofie Amalia , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: March 2024

The development of logistics services that are increasing has caused an increase in customers of PT. Astrans Putra Logistik also increased, this resulted in the logistics warehouse capacity experiencing a buildup of goods that almost filled the warehouse capacity which made operational activities disrupted, and many complaints from customers. Resolution to overcome this warehouse problem needs to be done so that the company’s operational efficiency is not disrupted and warehouse stock capacity becomes better. This study aims to find out the best solution of warehouse problems that occur through a decision making support system design using the AHP method assisted by the use of the Expert Choice 11 application. In making this decision, 4 stages are carried out, namely Intelligence, Design, Choice, and Analysis of Assessment Result which in the process have a 4 kinds of criteria and 4 kinds of alternative solutions. From the calculation of the AHP method assisted by the use of the Expert Choice 11 application, the weight of each criterion was obtained, namely Increased Operational Efficiency getting a weight of 0,259, Number of Items that can be Accommodated getting a weight of 0,086, Company Income getting a weight of 0,495, and Company Expense getting a weight of 0,160. From the calculation of alternative settlements, it was also found that The Addition of a New Departure Fleet got a weight of 0,385, The Construction of Branch Goods Warehouse got a weight of 0,279, Upgrading Small Trucks to Large Trucks got a weight of 0,187, and The Application of a Pre-order system for customers got a weight of 0,149.
Production Dynamic Characteristic of Fractured Wells in Multilayer Reservoirs Considering the Effect of Non-Uniform Flux Distribution
Authors: Liang Yanzhong , Teng Bailu , Luo Wanjing
Published: March 2024

Hydraulic fracturing stimulation, which improves matrix permeability and reduces production costs, has been extensively used in the exploitation of multilayer reservoirs. However, little research on the production dynamic characteristics of vertically fractured wells in stratified reservoirs has been done in the literature. The influence of flux variation along the fracture on the pressure transient behavior has been ignored in these previous works. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel semi-analytical model for fractured wells in multilayer reservoirs, in which the finite difference method is used to characterize fluid flow in the fracture and the Green’s function method is used to characterize fluid flow in the matrix. With the aid of the model, the production dynamic characteristics of fractured wells in multilayer reservoirs can be readily investigated. In addition, based on the assumption of nonuniform flux distribution along the fracture, we successfully recognize four flow regimes occurring in the pressure drop and pressure derivative curves. Following that, the influences of several parameters on the pressure dynamics and layered flux contribution are studied. The calculation results indicate that a larger storability ratio, as well as a larger permeability ratio, can increase the values of the pressure drop and the pressure derivative; the greater the fracture height, the greater the fluid flow into each layer of the fracture. During the production of this model, increasing the fracture conductivity can reduce the pressure drop and pressure derivative, which means lower flow resistance in the fracture.
Psychological interventions for depression and/or anxiety among men who have sex with men: a systematic review protocol.
Authors: Crocco Nombulelo Thembekile , Nhunzvi Clement , Langhaug Lisa , Duma Sinegugu Evidence , Harding Richard
Published: March 2024

Background: Global evidence suggests that lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people are more likely than the general population to suffer from common mental disorders. LGB-affirming interventions are needed to mitigate against the impact of minority stress on mental health in this population. Therefore, this review aims to identify and systematically appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of existing psychological interventions designed to improve depression and/or anxiety outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Methods: This systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search will be performed in PubMed, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PsycInfo via EBSCOhost, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library using tailored search strategies for those databases.
Two reviewers will independently screen eligible studies for inclusion. Bibliographic data, and aspects of the study design, setting, intervention components and findings will be extracted. Data extraction will be performed by two reviewers using a pilot-tested form. Quasi experimental designs studies will be retained because of the limited number of randomised controlled trials (RCT) that were identified during the preliminary search. The Briggs Institute checklists will be used to assess study quality. A logic model will be used to present synthesis of the data.
Discussion: The proposed systematic review and resulting logic model will inform the development of feasible, acceptable and potentially effective interventions for reduction of anxiety and depression among MSM, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023362772
A mycoinsecticide from Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) based on a solid-state fermentation method against some aphid species in Türkiye
Authors: Biryol Seda , Demir İsmail
Published: March 2024

The research aims to propose an appropriate and efficient mycoinsecticide from a local Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) strain (KTU-51) against several aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae; Myzus persicae Sulz., Aphis fabae Scop., Brevicoryne brassicae L. and Macrosiphum rosae L.), which are the most important agricultural pests. M. anisopliae produced spores in large quantities utilizing solid-state fermentation (SSF) with rice as a substrate. An oil-based mycoinsecticide called AFIDISIDAL-OD Met-TR61 was improved by incorporating spores harvested from the sporulated biomass. The product provided a more deathful effect than commercial products against all the aphis species under laboratory conditions. Met-TR61 with 108 spores/ml concentration yielded 78.3% mortality in the leaf disc experiment and 79% in the pot experiment on Myzus persicae. Other aphids were also found to be extremely sensitive to the product. In this particular study, an oil-based mycoinsecticide was developed and its efficacy for biological control of aphid species was assessed. The study’s findings indicate that the mycoinsecticide has the potential to be a workable and effective alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for controlling aphid populations.
AI-Assisted Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolomic Markers for Post-Operative Delirium
Authors: Lomivorotov Vladimir , Ivanisenko Vladimir , Makarova Aelita-Luiza , Rogachev Artem , Basov Nikita , Gaisler Evgeniy , Kuzmicheva Irina , Demenkov Pavel , Venzel Artur , Ivanisenko Timofey , Antropova Evgenia , Naidanova Margarita , Kolchanov Nikolay , Kochetov Alexey , Plesko Victoria , Moroz Gleb , Pokrovsky Andrey
Published: March 2024

Despite considerable investigative efforts, the molecular mechanisms of postoperative delirium (POD) remain unresolved. The present investigation employs innovative methodologies for identifying potential primary and secondary metabolic markers of POD by analyzing serum metabolomic profiles utilizing the genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks. The primary metabolomic markers constitute a combination of metabolites that optimally distinguish between POD and non-POD groups of patients. Our analysis revealed L-lactic acid, inositol, and methylcysteine as the most salient primary markers, upon which the prediction accuracy of POD manifestation achieved AUC = 99%. The secondary metabolomic markers represent metabolites that exhibit perturbed correlational patterns within the POD group. We identified 54 metabolites as the secondary markers of POD, incorporating neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin. These findings imply a systemic disruption in metabolic processes in patients with POD. The deployment of gene network reconstruction techniques facilitated the postulation of hypotheses describing the role of established genomic POD markers in the molecular-genetic mechanisms of metabolic pathways dysregulation, involving the identified primary and secondary metabolomic markers. This study not only expands the understanding of POD pathogenesis but also introduces a novel technology for bioinformatic analysis of metabolomic data which could aid in uncovering potential primary and secondary markers in diverse research domains.
RETRACTED: Optical Density Analysis of Subretinal Fluid in Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease, Posterior Scleritis and Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Ozkocak Berru Yargi , Ariman Sakir , Atik Burcu Kemer , Basarir BERNA , Altan Cigdem
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Melanoma Diagnosis Using Dermoscopy Images Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Marrapu Archishma
Published: March 2024

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer, the most dangerous one with over 200,000 new cases in the United States annually.
Background: Melanoma can affect a wide range of people and can be affected by different risk factors, although the exact cause is unknown. There are several diagnosis methods currently used by doctors in a traditional method of diagnosis. These methods of diagnosis come with different disadvantages and drawbacks, therefore, decreasing the accuracy and effectiveness of the diagnosis. The drawbacks that occur with the traditional, manual diagnosis are misdiagnosis of melanoma, low accuracy in diagnosis, the abundance of time, and human errors. The automation of melanoma diagnosis can benefit many people, both doctors, and patients, in several different ways.
Methods: The usage of new technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence, can increase the effectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis. This paper proposes an Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning model that diagnoses melanoma with more accuracy and less time at an early stage. It is essentially a mobile application that can be integrated with a handheld dermatoscope to capture dermoscopy images to diagnose melanoma using the pre-trained Machine Learning model. The pre-trained model uses several images in order to produce accurate and effective results.
Results: The model has a 99% accuracy rate and can produce results of the diagnosis within a few seconds of time.
Conclusions: This method of diagnosis can eliminate manual errors in diagnosis and can also reduce the several weeks of wait time needed for manual melanoma diagnosis results.
Changes in lipid and hematological indices among Saudi patients with chronic hepatitis B in the Makkah region: A case-control study
Authors: Karkashan Alaa , Alsharif Dhuha , Batook Nouf , Abbas Basma , Ramadhan Majed , Alsofyani Abeer , Alhajhussein Baraa
Published: March 2024

Background: Infection with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which leads to severe liver-related mortality and morbidity, is a global public health challenge that needs to be considered. It isrelated to a wide variety of extrahepatic manifestations. The purpose of this study was to investigate a variety of lipid and hematologic abnormalities that are associated with CHB patients.
Method: In this study, 226 patients with CHB infection were compared with an equal sample of non-HBV individuals between 2015 and 2021. Available medical records for CHB patients and non-HBV individuals were collected from the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs-Western Region (MNGHA-WR) database. The chi-square test was used to analyse categorical data, while the t test was used to assess numeric variables with a significant p value (P<0.005).
Results: By comparing CHB patients and non-HBV individuals, a similar sex was observed in both groups (P=0.51), while non-HBV individuals were significantly older than CHB patients were. Moreover, compared with non-HBV individuals, CHB patients had lower HDL, TC, TG, WBC, RBC, PLT, Hgb, and MCHC levels as well as lower HCT and MCV than did non-HBV individuals (P <0.005). These correlations, except for those for TC and TG, persist significantly after age and sex adjustment.
Conclusion: Compared with non-HBV individuals, CHB patients had irregular lipid and hematologic indices.
Effects of degraded durability on long-term stability for in-service slopes with RC support structures
Authors: Ye Wenya , Ma Yongzheng , Qin Cuigui , Wang Huajun , Li Chunguang , Ding Zhouxiang
Published: March 2024

Many engineering slope stability issues exhibit the impact of deteriorating durability on the susceptibility of slopes to failure. A thorough investigation was essential to explore the theoretical and experimental aspects of slope durability degradation and its implications for long-term stability. Hence, a durability model tailored for slope stabilization using reinforced concrete (RC) support structures was first developed here, grounded on classical durability principles for RC structures. A model test was then conducted to compare a standard slope model with a weakened counterpart, thus illustrating the effects of diminished durability on slope stability. The two slope models accounted for environmental factors, such as heavy or acid precipitation, salt spray, cyclic loading, and unloading. The test results encompassed slope surface displacements and the carbonation or neutralization (CN) depth of the sprayed concrete layer on the slope surface. These results demonstrated the enhanced sensitivity of slopes with degraded durability to environmental impacts compared to regular slopes. The empirical evidence from CN depth measurements validated the theoretical predictions made by the developed durability model in this paper, thus affirming its validity. The proposed durability model was also applied to a case study through finite-element numerical simulation with deteriorated property parameters. The simulation indicated a steady reduction in the safety factor for the evaluated in-service slope throughout its service life. The finite-element-based predictions also suggested the potential for corrosion and breakage concerning anchor bolts in this slope within a 20 to 30-year timeframe, thereby warranting timely maintenance and reinforcement actions to ensure slope sustainability in the future.
Service Evaluation of an Early Pregnancy Loss Support Clinic in a London EPU
Authors: Anderson Michelle , Gluckman Gemma , Ajith Tara , Kirk Emma , Memtsa Maria
Published: March 2024

Background: Early pregnancy loss (EPL) can have profound implications for physical and psychological health. In the UK, huge variation in service provision exists for women affected by EPL. There is very little guidance on what hospital-based follow-up support services should look like, and how these can be implemented and embedded into current care provision to meet the needs of women who experience EPL. This service evaluation (SE) reports on a newly implemented Early Pregnancy Loss Support Clinic (EPLSC) in an inner-city Hospital Trust.
Methods: This SE gathered both quantitative and qualitative data to assess the value of a locally implemented Early Pregnancy Loss Support Clinic (EPLSC). Quantitative data were collected using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) questionnaire and the Visual Anxiety Scale (VAS-A), both were administered to women attending the EPLSC. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and consisted of four pre-determined themes based on EPL literature - physical health, mental health, role of the bereavement midwife and overall service user experience. Quantitative data was summarised using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analysed deductively using Framework analysis.
Results: A total of 127 women were invited to the EPLSC, with 110 (87%) attending, and 17 (13%) not attending their appointment. SAPS scores ranged between 21-28 demonstrating that women were either satisfied or very satisfied with the care they received in the EPLSC. Results from VAS-A scores found that 76 (69%) of women reported a decrease in anxiety immediately after attending the EPLSC, compared to 8 (7%) who reported no change or a small increase in anxiety. Qualitative results revealed women’s concerns around future fertility, the importance of emotional support and the value of connecting with the bereavement midwife.
Conclusion: An EPLSC which focuses on providing emotional support and reassurance, especially in relation to future fertility, is important to women. Further rigorous evaluation on national disparities in EPL follow-up is urgently needed to assess the gaps in clinical care delivery.
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy in Musculoskeletal Radiography: A Comprehensive Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Models
Authors: BS VIDHYASAGAR , Buchupalli Keerthi lakshmi , Gottimukkula Rajashekar Reddy , Kalimuthu Sivakumar
Published: March 2024

The musculoskeletal radiograph (MURA) dataset, which is the largest bone x-ray dataset is an important resource for training and testing the machine learning model, as it has been specifically analyzed and well-classified by specially trained radiologists. Four CNN architectures have separately trained and evaluated the dataset ( DenseNet201 GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and Inception-ResNet-V2). The results of the algorithms showed variation in recall and accuracy. In addition, multiple-architecture ensemble models performed better than single models, highlighting the benefits of ensembling techniques to improve prediction accuracy. Combining multiple deep learning models reduces the risk of overfitting, increases predictive stability, improves accuracy, and optimizes the dataset. The integration of several models considers dataset robustness and uncertainty reduction. This ensembling process enables the development of accurate diagnostic tools for upper limb bone-related problems using the MURA dataset and other radiographic datasets. This work shows the use of ensemble methodologies, optimization of architecture, and various techniques, such as using data augmentation and demonstrating the ability of CNN to generalize musculoskeletal diseases. The results of this work can contribute to the creation of more effective diagnostic tools for the healthcare industry.
Double edged roles of endogenous PRDX6 in ventilator-induced lung injury via modulating oxidative stress and macrophages activation
Authors: Cheng Gao , Zhou Leiying , Tang Weijie , Li Wei , Lv Changming , Wang Chunhui , Shen Qiying
Published: March 2024

PRDX6 is highly expressed in lung tissues and shows an important biological significance. However, its specific roles in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) have not been clearly explored. The present study investigated the roles of endogenous PRDX6 in VILI, focusing on its overall and the iPLA2 function on lung injury, oxidative stress (OS), macrophages activation and polarization. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with mechanical ventilation was acquired. Both wild-type (WT) Sprague-Dawley rats and PRDX6 gene-knock out (PRDX6-/-) rats were used to set up VILI model. Biological and histopathological analyses were performed. Our results showed that OS and PRDX6 expression were up-regulated after mechanical ventilation. PRDX6 deficiency led to lung inflammation and VILI aggravation, and the OS was further elevated and the activation and M1 polarization of lung macrophages were obviously increased in PRDX6-/- rats. The iPLA2 inhibitor MJ33 alleviated VILI in rats and reversed the increased OS and M1 macrophages activation and polarization. The present study showed the double-edged roles of endogenous PRDX6 in VILI, including its overall protective role and the role of promoting VILI via iPLA2 by producing the excessive OS and subsequent increase of M1 macrophages polarization.
No Genetic Causal Association between Iron Status and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Hewen , Su Chen’guang , Yu Rongbo , Wan Chao , Xiang Yiliu , Dou Haoduan , Ma Guiyun , Chen Bin
Published: March 2024

Many clinical and basic studies have shown an association between iron status and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, their causal relationship is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic causality between iron status and IVDD using Mendelian randomization. Random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis was the primary method of analysis, with MR‒Egger, weighted median, simple modal, and weighted modal methods as secondary methods. Subsequently, we used IVW, MR‒Egger, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analyses to test for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Finally, we used the maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median and IVW (fixed effects) methods to further verify the reliability of the results. Random-effects IVW and IVW meta-analyses revealed that transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, iron, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were not genetically causally related to IVDD, and removal of outliers detected by MR-PRESSO resulted in broad consistency. Our study revealed that there is no genetic causal relationship between iron status and IVDD, but it cannot be excluded that there is a correlation between the two at a level other than genetics.
Variations in microbiota populations in chronic periodontits patients compared to healthy controls
Authors: Abujamel Turki S. , Alhazmi Shaima , Assas Motaz B. , Assas Mushref B. , Moubayed Nadine , BinShabaib Munerah S. , ALHarthi Shatha Subhi , Aabed Kawther
Published: March 2024

Background Periodontitis is a common gum disease that affects the soft tissue surrounding teeth and may lead to the deterioration of the bone that supports the teeth. The composition of saliva microbiota plays a significant role in the development and progression of periodontitis. Nonetheless, there is a lack of information relating to saliva microbiota composition in adults and its correlation with periodontitis.Methods Saliva samples were collected from healthy adults and patients with chronic periodontitis. Saliva microbiota was comprehensively characterized by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and analyzed using established bioinformatics pipeline and statistical analysis. Finally, the metagenome of the saliva microbiota was predicted using the PICRUSt algorithm and compared between the groups.Results A significant increase in biodiversity of the saliva microbiota associated with periodontitis patients was detected. In our study, the composition of saliva microbiota revealed a significant abundance of Streptococcus, Moryella, Granulicatella, Osenella, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Neisseria oralis in the healthy group. In contrast, periodontitis patients’ saliva was enriched with Leptotrichia, Filifactor, Selenomonas, Acholeplasma, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Rothia dentocariosa. The predicted metagenome showed higher abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and transcription factors in healthy individuals, while cofactors, vitamins metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis were enriched in the periodontitis group.Conclusion Our study revealed a distinctive dysbiosis in the saliva microbiota of adults with periodontitis. These findings present a significant step in understanding the microbial aspects of this disease and have the potential to understand further the intrinsic co-factors in the onset of chronic periodontitis.
Combined scRNA-seq and bulk transcriptome analysis establishes a stromal signature for predicting prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Yu Fei , Tan Yuanfei
Published: March 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major disease threatening human health. Tumor stroma component, mainly including fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs), play a prominent role in tumor progression. This study wanted to establish a stromal prognostic signature for GC patients. Published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk gene expression data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 572 stromal marker genes were identified from scRNA-seq analysis. We performed univariate cox regression and LASSO algorithm on TCGA training cohort (n=297) to construct stromal prognostic model, which were verified in validation cohorts of GSE15459 (n=182), GSE62254 (n=297) and GSE84437 (n=431). pRRophetic and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) method was applied to predict chemosensitivity and immunotherapy response. Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) method was used to assess stromal and immune cell infiltration from bulk gene expression data. ScRNA-seq analysis and Immumohistochemical staining image derived from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was to explore gene expression location in GC tissue. We established a seven-gene prognostic signature from training cohort, which was further verified in other three validation cohorts. The seven genes (SERPINE1, SLCO2A1, GJA1, SDC2, BEX3, PLOD2, MARCKS) had different expression in GC stroma. The stromal signature could be a robust prognostic factor in GC, which provided evidence for patient stratification and stroma-targeted immunotherapeutic strategy.
Improving Adult Inpatient Eating Disorder Treatment: Perspectives of a Sample of Canadians with Lived Experience
Authors: Armour Catherine Q. , Feicht Becky , Gahagan Jacqueline
Published: March 2024

Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are common, affecting over one million Canadians. Canadian adults (i.e., age 18+) requiring medical stabilization for their eating disorder (ED) may be referred to adult inpatient (IP) ED treatment for care. Recent Canadian publications have brought attention to the need for improved approaches to Canadian ED treatment; urging researchers to seek perspectives of people with lived experience to determine how to best do so. This study explored the perspectives of Canadians with lived experience to identify recommendations for improvement of adult IP ED treatment programs and processes.
Methods
Employing a transformative philosophical view and feminist standpoint theory, this study utilizes a qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological approach to fulfill the objectives. Eleven participants with lived adult IP ED treatment experiences from across Canada were interviewed individually, to discuss their experiences and recommendations regarding referral, transitions into and out of care, and treatment itselfusing an online video conference platform. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. A comprehensive list of recommendations was drafted and brought back to participants for feedback. The feedback was implemented to create the final list of recommendations.
Results
Several limitations of referral, transitions, and treatment, facilitated and exacerbated by stigma at individual and societal levels, were identified by participants. These included guilt and shame upon referral, lack of respect and trust from healthcare providers during transitions, and lack of consideration of social determinants of health during treatment. Participant-informed recommendations, which can be categorized as interim support, individualized care, dignified treatment, resources, and stigma, were identified to ameliorate the experiences of Canadians with EDs while also combatting stigma.
Conclusions
Adult IP ED treatment in Canada is in urgent need of significant change to meet the needs of those requiring care and to address harmful stigma. Implementing participant-informed recommendations may aid in achieving this goal. The meaningful inclusion of those with lived experience, particularly marginalized populations, will be paramount to the development of an approach to adult IP ED treatment that properly serves Canadians who need it.
Are We In or Out of Conservation Units in Brazil? A Gap Analysis for the Conservation of Bats in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Felipe Baia , Alexandre Rafaela Jemely Rodrigues , Pena Simone Almeida , Correia Letícia Lima , Vieira Thiago Bernardi
Published: March 2024

With approximately 1,400 known species, 184 of which are found in Brazil, the order Chiroptera is the second most diverse among mammals, and this taxon is relevant in terms of the ecosystem services it provides to humans. However, disturbances caused by anthropogenic factors amplify processes of extinction, changes in geographic distributions, and phenological alterations in species, despite efforts to protect biodiversity and its resources through the creation and establishment of Conservation Units, in addition to Indigenous Lands. Nevertheless, taxonomic knowledge gaps or geographical distribution challenges pose obstacles to the effective implementation of conservation strategies in areas designated for biodiversity protection. Therefore, this study evaluates the contribution of Brazilian Conservation Units (Full Protection Units and Sustainable Use Units) and Indigenous Lands to the protection of bat species and ecosystem services in Brazil. It also presents maps of richness by trophic guilds and threat classification according to IUCN, including species classified as Data Deficient. The results indicated low percentages of areas within Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands with the potential distribution of bats, especially for insectivorous, nectarivorous, and frugivorous guilds in the Cerrado, classified as Near Threatened. Additionally, higher bat richness was observed in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest.
Mechanical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomer Composites Filled with Calcite
Authors: Sucu Yunus Emre , Doganci Merve Dandan
Published: March 2024

In this study, the effects of different concentrations of stearic acid-coated calcite (CaCO3) on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of thermoplastic polyester elastomers (COPE or TPE-E) were investigated. Moreover, COPEs, which consist of process wastes that are qualified as postindustrial recycled (PIR), were physically recycled. Recycled polymer composites (100%) were obtained by blending the physically recycled COPE polymer with stearic acid-coated calcite at different concentrations. COPE composites (virgin and PIR) containing different concentrations of calcite (5 to 30 wt%) were prepared by melt compounding. It has been determined that mechanical properties such as flexural strength and modulus increase with calcite concentration, while tensile strength decreases at higher concentrations owing to the stronger interfacial relationships between the polymer matrix and stearic acid-coated calcite. The thermal properties of the composite increased with increasing calcite filler concentration. Morphological studies revealed good dispersion of calcite fillers at lower concentrations in the polymer matrix.
Systematic review of methods used in prediction models with recurrent event data
Authors: Watson Victoria , Smith Catrin Tudur , Bonnett Laura J
Published: March 2024

Background
Patients who suffer from chronic conditions or diseases are susceptible to experiencing repeated events of the same type (e.g. seizures), termed ‘recurrent events’. Prediction models can be used to predict the risk of recurrence so that intervention or management can be tailored accordingly, but statistical methodology can vary.
The objective of this systematic review was to identify and describe statistical approaches that have been applied for the development and validation of multivariable prediction models with recurrent event data. A secondary objective was to informally assess the characteristics and quality of analysis approaches used in the development and validation of prediction models of recurrent event data.
Methods
Searches were run in MEDLINE using a search strategy which included index terms and phrases related to recurrent events and prediction models. For studies to be included in the review they must have developed or validated a multivariable clinical prediction model for recurrent event outcome data, specifically modelling the recurrent events and the timing between them.
The statistical analysis methods used to analyse the recurrent event data in the clinical prediction model were extracted to answer the primary aim of the systematic review. In addition, items such as the event rate as well as any discrimination and calibration statistics that were used to assess the model performance were extracted for the secondary aim of the review.
Results
A total of 855 publications were identified using the developed search strategy and 301 of these are included in our systematic review. The Andersen-Gill method was identified as the most commonly applied method in the analysis of recurrent events, which was used in 152 (50.50%)studies. This was closely followed by frailty models which were used in 116 (38.54%) included studies. Of the 301 included studies, only 75 (24.9%) internally validated their model(s) and three (1.0%) validated their model(s) in an external dataset.
Conclusions
This review identified a variety of methods which are used in practice when developing or validating prediction models for recurrent events. Further work is required to ensure publications report all required information and use robust statistical methods for model development and validation.
PROPSERO Registration Number: CRD42019116031.
Epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in elderly patients receiving oral anticoagulant or antithrombotic medication; a Swiss retrospective study
Authors: Bettschen David , Tsichlaki Dimitra , Chatzimichail Eleftherios , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Müller Martin , Sauter Thomas C. , Burkhard John-Patrik , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K , Ziaka Mairi , Doulberis Michael
Published: March 2024

Background:The percentage of elderly trauma patients under anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents has been rising lately. With time, newer agents have been introduced with certain advantages and precautions. We aimed to investigate the demographic data, causes, and type of maxillofacial trauma, concomitant injuries, hospitalization time, haemorrhagic complications, and total costs of emergency department (ED) care in elderly patients admitted to the ED with maxillofacial trauma while receiving anticoagulation (AC) or antiplatelet therapy (APT).Methods:Data were gathered from the ED of Bern University Hospital. In this retrospective analysis, patients older than 65 years with maxillofacial trauma presenting to our ED between 2013 and 2019 with therapeutic AC/APT were included.Results: A total of 196 patients were included. The median age was 81 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 74-87), and 111 (56.6%) were men. 54.1% (n=106) were 80 years or older. One hundred thirty-seven of the patients (69.9%) suffered from a cardiovascular disease. Previous thromboembolic events (n=82, 41.8%) and atrial fibrillation (n=50, 25.5%) were the most reported indications for oral anticoagulation or antithrombotic therapy intake. Falls (n=162, 82.7%) were the leading cause of facial injury, followed by road traffic injuries (n=26, 13.2%). The most reported primary injuries were orbital fracture (n=46, 23,5%) along with a fracture of the zygomatic bone (n=38, 19,4%) and fracture of the midface (Le Fort I, II, III) (n=35, 17,9%) followed by zygomatic bone fracture (n=38, 19.4%) and mandible fracture (n=20, 10.2%). Epistaxis was noted in 23 cases (11.7%) and oral bleeding in 10 (5.1%). In 120 patients (61.2%), haematomas involved the middle third of the face, which were operated on most frequently in absolute terms. Fourteen patients suffered an intracerebral haemorrhage (n=14, 7.1%), whereas retrobulbar bleeding was observed in 20 patients (10.2%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 2.6% (n=5).Conclusions:This study reaffirms the link between falls and the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma in older individuals. Additionally, it underscores the substantial occurrence of mid-face haematomas in geriatric patients undergoing AC/APT. Considering the increasing growth of the geriatric population, enhancing prevention strategies and refining safety guidelines are urgently necessary.
Insights into tumor microenvironment and HPV integrations in cervical cancer pathogenesis revealed by single-cell transcriptome data
Authors: Peng Fang , Zeng Xi , Wang Ziying , Sha Ying , Leung Ross Ka-Kit , LAI Koon Chi Christopher , Li Guoliang , Huang Xiaoyuan , Lin Shitong
Published: March 2024

Background HPV infection is prevalent among women, and can lead to severe diseases. This study leverages single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), a cutting-edge technology that allows for cellular-level exploration, to investigate the relationship between cellular heterogeneity and HPV integrations in cervical histopathology.Methods We applied scRNA-seq to examine heterogeneity across normal and three disease stages patients with normal, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), microinvasive carcinoma (MIC), and cervical squamous epithelium carcinoma cancer (CSCC) tissues. A pipeline was developed to detect the HPV integration events from scRNA-seq data in this study.Results Our findings revealed an increase in the proportion of squamous epithelial cells and a decrease in the proportion of columnar epithelial cells in the disease progress from normal to CSCC. We identified HPV genes expressed differentially across normal and three disease stages. Notably, we observed HPV integration events occurring more frequently in squamous epithelial cells at single-cell level. An increasing trend in the ratio of HPV-integrated cells was observed in the disease progress from normal tissue to CSCC, which eventually plateaued. We identified several genes, including EGR1, S100A11, S100A8, KRT5, RPL34, ATP1B1, RPS4X and EEF2 that were frequently integrated by HPV across patients. In contrast, genes such as PAN3, BABAM2, SPEN, TCIM-SIRLNT, TEX41-PABPC1P2 and KCNV1-LINC01608 showed frequent integration events across cells. Some of these genes exhibited significant expression differences between tumor and normal squamous epithelial cells. KRT5, ATP1B1, RPS4X, PAN3 and SPEN were novel recurrent HPV-integrated genes we observed at the patient or cell level in this study. Furthermore, we found that HPV genes from various HPV types demonstrated integration preferences in different samples and disease stages.Conclusions These findings uncovered the intricate heterogeneity across normal and three disease stages caused by varying degrees of HPV infection, offering a valuable single-cell perspective on the mechanism of HPV-induced cervical cancer and its clinical relevance.
Identifications of genes involved in ABA and MAPK signaling pathways positively regulating cold tolerance in rice
Authors: Ding Guohua , Cao Liangzi , Iqbal Zubair , Zhao Minghui , Cui Zhibo , Zhou Jinsong , Lei Lei , Luo Yu , Bai Liangming , Yang Guang , Wang Tongtong , Wang Xueyang , Wang Rongsheng , Liu Kai , Li Zhugang , Qu Mingnan , Sun Shichen
Published: March 2024

Cold stress (CS) significantly impacts rice growth during seedling and heading stages. This study based on two-year field observations identified two rice lines, L9 (cold stress-sensitive) and LD18 (cold stress-tolerant) showing contrasting CS response. L9 exhibited 38% reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, whereas LD18 remained unchanged, correlating with seed rates. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with LD18 showing enriched pathways (carbon fixation, starch/sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism). LD18 displayed dramatically enhanced expression of MAPK-related genes (LOC4327351, LOC4352460, LOC4337850) and increased ABA signaling genes (LOC4333690, LOC4345611, LOC4335640) compared to L9 exposed to CS. Results from qPCR confirmed the enhanced expression of the three MAPK-related genes in LD18 while dramatic reduction in L9 under CS relative to that under CK. We also observed up to 66% reduction in expression levels of the three genes related to ABA signaling pathway in L9 relative to LD18 under CS. In consistent with results of photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic analysis suggests pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle and carbon metabolism enrichment in LD18 under CS. The study reveals reprogramming of the carbon assimilation metabolic pathways, emphasizing the critical roles of the key DEGs involved in ABA and MAPK signaling pathways in positive regulation of LD18 response to CS, offering the foundation towards cold tolerance breeding through targeted gene editing.
Mechanism of Initiation and Regeneration Convective Cell in Bandung Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Irfans Maulana , Trilaksono Nurjanna Joko , Yamazaki Takeshi
Published: March 2024

The mechanism of convective cell initiation and regeneration in the Bandung Basin (\(107.35^\circ \text{E}-107.95^\circ \text{E};6.75^\circ \text{S}-7.25^\circ \text{S}\)), Indonesia is investigated using a Weather Research and Forecasting model. Based on the cumulative distribution function and regeneration index, model simulations were conducted using case studies in February-March 2019. Upslope wind flows to the mountain peak in north and south of the basin due to solar heating, carrying water vapor from the bottom of the basin. Therefore, low-level convergence is formed due to the convergence of winds from the bottom of the basin and from outside the basin. The low-level convergence causes the developing updraft, makes atmosphere unstable, and generates convective initiation. The convective system will be developed in the mountains region, produced precipitation, and formed cold pools on the surface. The cold pool will fall down the slopes and convective activity from the mountains will continue to the bottom of the basin. The convective system’s outflow causes the cold pool to move in the west-east direction. The cold pool will collide with warmer air from the opposite direction, resulting in an updraft at the cold pool leading edge, and convection will be re-initiated (convective regeneration) in the Bandung Basin, with the new convective system tending to move eastward.
A novel isothermal whole genome sequencing approach for Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Licheri Matthias , Licheri Manon Flore , Probst Lukas , Sägesser Cora , Bittel Pascal , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Dijkman Ronald
Published: March 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the zoonotic agent responsible for mpox, an often-self-limiting pox-like disease. Since May 2022, an outbreak characterized by increased human-to-human transmission was detected outside the endemic regions. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been successfully used to keep track of viral evolution during outbreaks or for surveillance of multiple pathogens of public health significance. Current WGS protocols for MPXV are either based on metagenomic sequencing or tiled-PCR amplification. The latter allows multiplexing due to the efficient enrichment of the viral DNA, however, mutations or the presence of different clades can negatively influence genome coverage yield. Here, we present the establishment of a novel isothermal WGS method for MPXV based on Phi29 DNA polymerase-based multiple displacement amplification (MDA) properties making use of only 6 primers. This approach yielded from 88% up to 100% genome coverage using either alkaline denatured extracted DNA or clinical material as starting material, with the highest coverage generated by clinical material. We demonstrate that this novel isothermal WGS protocol is suitable for monitoring viral evolution during MPXV outbreaks and surveillance in any conventional laboratory setting.
Beyond the Diagnosis: Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis on Patients in Norway
Authors: Storvig Eline , Harstad Ingunn , Ehrnström Birgitta , Iversen Valentina C.
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aims to explore the varied experiences of patients with resistant tuberculosis in Norway, particularly among immigrants. The study emphasizes challenges and implications of being diagnosed with resistant tuberculosis, including the impact of psychosocial health during the disease, treatment, isolation and recovery phases.
Norway is a low endemic country of tuberculosis. Most patients are immigrants and some have recently arrived in the country. Patients undergoing treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis endure prolonged and demanding treatment that could affects their psychosocial health.
Methods: This qualitative research approach conducted 16 in-depth interviews with individuals diagnosed and completed treatment for resistant tuberculosis, aged 18 and above, mean age of 33.6. The majority of the participants were immigrants, and eight of them had resided in Norway for less than four years before diagnosis. Data analysis followed the six-phase reflexive thematic analysis framework outlined by Braun and Clarke
Results: The narratives of the participants highlighted the complexities of navigating the TB diagnosis, treatment, side effects and life after treatment. Immigrants encountered additional challenges, including language barriers and adapting to new social environments. All participants reported experiencing physical health issues which additionally affected their mental health and social activity. Many participants had persistent problems at the time of the interviews. Several participants expressed social isolation, and those with confirmed contagious pulmonary tuberculosis experienced hospital isolation up to six months. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: Delayed diagnosis despite seeking health care; Hospital isolation and social isolation; The life after tuberculosis. “They just think that I am healthy”.
Conclusion: This study highlights the enduring impact of DR-TB on patients, the significance of timely diagnosis, the challenges within healthcare services and the importance of psychosocial support. The participants universally faced serious implications of the disease, including stigma and isolation, alongside reflections on missed early intervention opportunities. The need for enhanced healthcare awareness, improved communication and post-treatment follow-up is underscored. Further research conducted in low endemic countries should evaluate the recommendations on psychosocial follow-up after introducing short-oral treatment.