bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder engagement for inclusive climate impact attribution studies
Authors: Nkwasa Albert , Menke Inga , Murken Lisa , Zaharia Liliana , Ioana-Toroimac Gabriela , Müller Laura , Michetti Melania , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Morosanu-Mitoșeriu Gabriela-Adina , Nakkazi Maria Theresa , Akstinas Vytautas , Akiyama Afnan Agramont , Gregor Konstantin , Basaran Nermin , Kumar Amit , Shiko Vera , Tekin Hamdi , Vaculovschi Elena , Biçer Püren Veziroğlu , Reyer Christopher P O , van Griensven Ann
Published: January 2025

Since its emergence in the 1990s, the science of attributing observed phenomena to human-induced and natural climate drivers has made remarkable progress. To ensure the relevance and uptake of climate impact attribution studies, scientists must effectively engage with stakeholders. This engagement allows stakeholders to pose key questions, which scientists can then substantiate with evidence evaluating the existence of causal links. Although significant advancements have been made in climate impact attribution science, much work remains to understand the varied requirements of different stakeholders for impact attribution findings. This perspective explores the usefulness of stakeholder engagement in climate impact attribution, the challenges it presents, and how it can be made more relevant for addressing societal questions. It advocates for prioritizing stakeholder involvement to achieve greater transparency, legitimacy, and practical application of findings. Such involvement can enhance the societal impact of attribution studies and support informed decision-making in the face of climate change.
On the Spectrum Zero Problem of Nonlinear Dirac Equations
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , Ding Yanheng , Guo Qi
Published: January 2025

The Spectrum Zero Problem for the nonlinear Dirac equation is treated. The main theorem proves to be the first result to address solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equation with spectrum point zero. Addressing this problem presents three significant challenges, which cannot be handled by existing methods. First, the spectrum of the Dirac operator is unbounded both from below and from above. Second, there is a need for embedding theorems in the working space, and third, there is a lack of

L
2

L^2

-boundedness for sequences. These challenges are addressed by introducing new ingredients to prove the main theorem. Specifically, a new sequence is constructed by perturbing the functional, the uniform boundedness of this sequence is demonstrated, and then the compactness principle is applied to translate the sequence into the solution.
Like, share, and follow!: Usage of social media by pathology residency programs in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Khatskevich Katsiaryna , Hartman Clare F , Cha Joon , Nguyen Angela , Mason Ashley , Mhaskar Rahul , Baker Tiffany G
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Social media platforms like Facebook, X (formally Twitter), and Instagram bridge pathology programs with other health professionals, prospective students, and the public, but the extent of social media usage by residency programs remains unexplored. This study investigates the current landscape of social media utilization by pathology programs.

Methods

Using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match Data from 2022, 139 anatomic and clinical pathology residency programs were analyzed and categorized into 3 prestige tiers based on Doximity ratings. There were 32,067 posts examined between January 2018 and August 2022. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc analysis, were performed to evaluate likes/views about post type.

Results

X emerged as the most used platform (68%), focusing on pathology education (27.02%). Instagram centered on resident life (25.84%), while Facebook showcased person-specific posts (35.61%). Notably, there was a correlation between program prestige and the number of posts on X and Instagram, with the most prestigious programs posting more frequently than those considered more intermediate or low in prestige rank.

Conclusions

Social media is vital in connecting pathology programs with various stakeholders. Despite seasonal fluctuations, the overall utilization of social media continues to rise, underscoring its value as a long-term resource for pathology education and communication.
Polo-like kinase 2 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac injury by blocking cardiomyocyte ferroptosis
Authors: Xie Bing , Li Fangfang , Yan Jun , Cheng Mingyue , Feng Hui
Published: January 2025

Background

Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) is associated with cardiac fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the role of PLK2 in sepsis-induced cardiac injury has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that PLK2 may participate in the progression of sepsis-induced cardiac injury.

Methods

We established a cardiac injury model in C57BL6 mice by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PLK2 was overexpressed in mice using an adeno-associated virus 9 vector. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography 12 hours after the LPS injection. H9c2 cells were transfected with a PLK2 small interfering RNA. PLK2 was downregulated in the hearts of LPS-treated mice and LPS-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

Results

Mice in the LPS group presented aggravated cardiac injury and a reduced survival rate with increased cardiac inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Moreover, PLK2 relieved LPS-induced cardiac injury and increased the survival rate of the mice by weakening the inflammatory response and decreasing oxidative stress. Moreover, the LPS-induced increase in ferroptosis was inhibited by PLK2 overexpression.

LPS caused an increase in inflammation and cell injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and PLK2 silencing aggravated LPS-induced cell injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, PLK2 overexpression increased the expression levels of the antiferroptotic proteins solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4, and ferritin in heart tissue. PLK2 increased the nuclear NRF2 expression level. Moreover, the overexpression of PLK2 increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and promoted the nuclear translocation of NRF2. NRF2 overexpression relieved cardiac injury in mice induced with LPS. However, NRF2 mitigated the deteriorating effects of PLK2 knockdown in the mouse heart.

Conclusion

PLK2 ameliorated LPS-induced cardiac injury by blocking cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through NRF2 regulation.
Prevalence, aetiology, and outcomes of native pulmonary regurgitation in the general adult population
Authors: Naser Jwan A , Ibrahim Hossam , Andi Kartik , Scott Christopher G , Pellikka Patricia A , Kennedy Austin M , Connolly Heidi M , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice , Pislaru Sorin V , Warnes Carole A , Jain Charles C , Borlaug Barry A , Egbe Alexander C
Published: January 2025

Aims

Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after reparative intervention for congenital heart disease has been studied extensively. However, the burden, distribution of causes, and outcome of PR in adults is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and outcomes of moderate/severe PR in adults in the community setting.

Methods and results

A total of 398 adult residents of Olmsted County who had clinically indicated echocardiography 2004–2023 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and had moderate or severe PR were identified retrospectively. The median age was 77 years, 48% were females, and 61 (51%) had severe PR. The age- and sex-adjusted US prevalence was 0.11% (vs. 0.67% for ≥moderate tricuspid regurgitation). Moderate/severe PR was due to pulmonary hypertension in 77%, congenital/iatrogenic in 11%, primary pulmonary valve disease in 2% (88% due to carcinoid), and idiopathic isolated in 10%. In contrast, severe PR was due to congenital/iatrogenic disease in 52%, pulmonary hypertension in 39%, primary PR in 5%, and isolated idiopathic in 3%. The all-cause mortality rate per 100 person-year was 73 in primary (mostly carcinoid) PR, 16 in pulmonary hypertension–related PR (not different vs. propensity-matched patients without PR), and 6 in isolated idiopathic PR (not different vs. matched patients without PR).

Conclusion

Moderate or severe PR had a lower prevalence vs. TR. The most frequent cause was pulmonary hypertension for ≥moderate PR and congenital/iatrogenic for severe PR. Mortality in patients with acquired ≥moderate PR appeared to be related to the underlying cause, with no excess mortality compared with matched patients without PR. Whether specifically severe PR confers excess mortality requires future investigation.
Carotid artery atherosclerosis: mechanisms of instability and clinical implications
Authors: Saba Luca , Cau Riccardo , Vergallo Rocco , Kooi M Eline , Staub Daniel , Faa Gavino , Congiu Terenzio , Ntaios George , Wasserman Bruce A , Benson John , Nardi Valentina , Kawakami Rika , Lanzino Giuseppe , Virmani Renu , Libby Peter
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular disease remains a prominent cause of disability and premature death worldwide. Within this spectrum, carotid artery atherosclerosis is a complex and multifaceted condition, and a prominent precursor of acute ischaemic stroke and other cardiovascular events. The intricate interplay among inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and immune responses participates in the development of lesions, leading to luminal stenosis and potential plaque instability. Even non-stenotic plaques can precipitate a sudden cerebrovascular event, regardless of the degree of luminal encroachment. In this context, carotid imaging modalities have proved their efficacy in providing in vivo characterization of plaque features, contributing substantially to patient risk stratification and clinical management. This review emphasizes the importance of identifying high-risk individuals by use of current imaging modalities, biomarkers, and risk stratification tools. Such approaches inform early intervention and the implementation of personalized therapeutic strategies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in the realm of cardiovascular disease management.
Functions of the Bloom syndrome helicase N-terminal intrinsically disordered region
Authors: Bereda Colleen C , Dewey Evan B , Nasr Mohamed A , Chirasani Venkat R , Sekelsky Jeff
Published: January 2025

Bloom syndrome helicase (Blm) is a RecQ family helicase involved in DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and development. Pathogenic variants in human BLM cause the autosomal recessive disorder Bloom Syndrome, characterized by predisposition to numerous types of cancer. Prior studies of Drosophila Blm mutants lacking helicase activity or protein have shown sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, defects in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), female sterility, and improper segregation of chromosomes in meiosis. Blm orthologs have a well-conserved and highly structured RecQ helicase domain, but more than half of the protein, particularly in the N-terminus, is predicted to be intrinsically disordered. Because this region is poorly conserved across metazoa, we compared closely related species to identify regions of conservation that might be associated with important functions. We deleted 2 Drosophila-conserved regions in Drosophila melanogaster using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and assessed the effects on several Blm functions. Each deletion had distinct effects. Deletion of either conserved region 1 (CR1) or CR2 compromised DSB repair through synthesis-dependent strand annealing and resulted in increased mitotic crossovers. In contrast, CR2 is critical for embryonic development, but CR1 is less important. Loss of CR1 leads to defects in meiotic crossover designation and patterning but does not impact meiotic chromosome segregation, whereas deletion of CR2 does not result in significant meiotic defects. Thus, while the 2 regions have overlapping functions, there are distinct roles facilitated by each. These results provide novel insights into functions of the N-terminal region of Blm helicase.
Modelling noise H/V spectral ratio in a laterally inhomogeneous layered medium
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J , Weaver Richard L , Baena-Rivera Marcela , Arciniega-Ceballos Alejandra , Rodríguez-Zosayas Diana A , Perton Mathieu
Published: January 2025

Central to the task of seismic hazard assessment is the evaluation of potential amplifications due to site effects. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise (ASN) is a widespread measurement to assess the predominant soil frequency of a given site and estimate the wave velocities of the subsoil stratigraphy using inversion schemes. In practice, the inversions are currently made, assuming flat layers. In fact, HVSR measurements may show significant lateral and azimuthal changes due to the spatial variations of local geology, which can introduce uncertainties into the characterization of a site. This suggests the importance of considering detailed measurements of lateral and angular variations in layered settings. Inversion of soil properties at depth for horizontally layered media has become feasible assuming that ASN constitutes a diffuse field, that is, produced by equi-partitioned uniform illumination and/or by random sources and the ensuing multiple scattering by heterogeneities. Under the diffuse field assumption (DFA), the HVSR have been modelled by calculating the imaginary parts of the Green's function (IMGs) when source and observer coincide at the same point. In this work we use the 3-D indirect boundary element method (IBEM) to model the HVSR for each independent horizontal direction referred to here as directional-HVSR for layered media with lateral inhomogeneity. The IMGs at the source required to get HVSR have locality properties that depend on frequency and may imply significant economies in the calculation. For simple models we modelled the IMGs approximately using an adaptive meshing scheme that accounts both for the locality of the problem and the diffraction properties of waves at low and high frequencies. The obtained directional-HVSR displays variations in both frequency and azimuth. The results also show that layer interface variations can lead to ‘spots’ of higher wave excitation associated to local resonant modes. This shows the importance of HVSR in forecasting earthquake response and suggests the need for denser field measurements to study lateral and azimuthal variability. In order to show the reality of directional-HVSR, field data from Chalco, a soft soil site at the southern part of the Valley of Mexico, have been preliminarily analysed.
UGT74B5-Mediated Glucosylation at ortho Hydroxyl Groups of Benzoic Acid Derivatives Regulating Plant Immunity to Anthracnose in Tea Plants
Authors: Li Caiyun , Wu Feixue , Yang Lei , Liu Nana , Zhang Xinfu , Qu Fengfeng , Gao Liping , Xia Tao , Zhao Lei , Wang Peiqiang
Published: January 2025

Benzoates, particularly salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives, play critical roles in plant immune responses and basal defense through hydroxylation and glycosylation. Anthracnose is one of the most common and devastating diseases in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). However, the role of SA and its derivatives in tea plant immunity and resistance to anthracnose remains largely unexplored. In present study, we identified and characterized a glycosyltransferase, CsUGT74B5, which was significantly downregulated in tea seedlings upon anthracnose infection. CsUGT74B5 was preferentially expressed in mature leaves and stem, and responded rapidly to exogenous SA treatment. Phylogenetic analysis suggested CsUGT74B5 might possess the catalytic activity toward benzoates. Enzymatic assays and molecular docking demonstrated recombinant CsUGT74B5 specifically glycosylated at the ortho hydroxyl groups of SA and 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2, 6-DHBA), but did not glycosylate 2, 3-DHBA, 2, 5-DHBA or other substrates in vitro. Overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) reduced SA level while promoting the accumulation of SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG), further validating the in vivo function of CsUGT74B5. Moreover, transient overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in two tea plant cultivars increased their sensitivity to anthracnose and accelerated lesion development, which was attributed to decreased SA levels. Overall, our finding demonstrated that CsUGT74B5-mediated biosynthesis of SAG regulated tea plant immunity against anthracnose by fine-tuning free SA levels, providing new progress into the immunity response of tea plants.
A common future for coastal peoples and seabirds facing extreme climatic events
Authors: Martin Tristan , Henri Dominique A , Martinez Laura-Maria , Chandelier Marie , Ardhuin Fabrice , Grémillet David
Published: January 2025

Extreme climatic events (ECEs) are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change. These events disrupt coastal ecosystems and the livelihoods of >2.5 billion coastal peoples around the world. Very few studies assess the combined impacts of ECEs on wildlife and people in coastal socio-ecosystems. Yet, such research is key to understanding and mitigating the effects of ECEs along the world’s coastlines. Seabirds are conspicuous and charismatic, and unite marine and terrestrial biomes. They are unique intermediaries of these socio-ecological systems and key ecological indicators of the broader social-ecological consequences of ECEs across coastal areas. As humans and seabirds will share a common future in the context of major environmental changes, we advocate for interdisciplinary research on the combined effects of ECEs on marine birds and coastal peoples. By incorporating climatological, ecological, social, cultural, and economic perspectives inclusive of multiple knowledge systems, the framework we provide aims to inform holistic and equitable conservation planning for resilient coastal socio-ecological systems in the context of ECEs.
Valorization of Dialium guineense fruit seeds as new hydrocolloid for food application
Authors: Sékou II Camara , Émilie Korbel , Lonsény Traore , Michel Havet
Published: January 2025

Processing Dialium guineense fruit pulp into soft drinks is currently the only value chain of this fruit in the Republic of Guinea. As for the seeds, they are entirely discarded in nature. This study aims to add value to these seeds by transforming them into seed powder and mucilage, and to assess the techno-functional potential of each of these products by analysing their physicochemical characteristics and functional properties. The results show a high proportion of seeds (over 58%), with a high level of mucilage extracted (21.08 ± 0.74%) from these seeds. Slightly acidic pHs (5.76 ± 0.01 and 5.57 ± 0.02, respectively) give seed powder and mucilage high emulsifying power. Seed powder and mucilage have high water retention capacities at 25 °C (3.97 g water/g DM and 6.68 g water/g DM, respectively), as do their swelling indices (617% and 650%). The colloidal stability of D. guineense fruit nectar is better ensured by seed powder, since from 1.5% seed powder, the sedimentation index is zero. D. guineense mucilage and seed powder (finely ground) can therefore be used to improve the colloidal stability of D. guineense fruit nectar, as well as for other food applications, notably as a thickener, emulsifier, and foaming agent.
Effect of germination time on in-vitro extractability, and bioavailability of GABA, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of highland barley bread
Authors: AL-Ansi Waleed , Alkawry Talal Abdulrazzak Ali , AL-Qupati Adnan Abdo Mohammed , Fadhl Jalal Ahmed , Abdullah Abdulmageed Bagash , Mahdi Amer Ali , Al-Maqtari Qais Ali , Fan Mingcong , Li Yan , Qian Haifeng , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

This study assessed the impact of the duration of highland barley germination on the in-vitro extractability, and bioavailability of GABA, TPC, and antioxidants in highland barley bread. The highland barley was germinated for 24 hours (GB24), 48 hours (GB48), and 72 hours (GB72). Following the process of in-vitro digestion, the ability to extract GABA increased by 1.13, 1.25, and 1.52 times in GB24, GB48, and GB72, respectively, compared to before germination. Furthermore, the process of germination resulted in an increase in the amount of GABA that was available for absorption in GB24, GB48, and GB72 bread, with percentages of 81.67%, 88.20%, and 89.49% correspondingly, compared to 72.59% in NB samples. In the case of GB24, GB48, and GB72 bread, the process of germination raised the extractability of TPC by 1.43, 1.50, and 1.57 times, respectively. Additionally, it resulted in an increase in bioavailability by 79.92%, 83.59%, and 81.63% correspondingly. In the same manner, germination enhanced the extractability and bioavailability of antioxidants in all types of germinated highland barley bread. Thus, germination could serve as a recommended pre-treatment for highland barley before its inclusion in meals in order to augment the presence of these advantageous constituents.
Effect of Calcium on Pouch Processing Quality in Organic Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Comparison of Processing Quality in Cans and Pouches
Authors: Wang Weijia , Dolan Kirk D , Cichy Karen A
Published: January 2025

As consumer demand for organic dry beans increases, improvement of product quality is needed. Cooked organic beans are available to consumers in traditional cans or newer forms of pouches. While pouch-processed bean products are convenient, their product quality still lags behind canned beans, especially in organic products where additives like calcium chloride, used to maintain firmness, are discouraged. This study evaluated the impact of calcium chloride on the quality of pouch-processed organic beans and compared the quality of canned vs. pouch-processed beans. Adding calcium during hydration but not in brine can improve bean texture without compromising a clean label. Canning quality and pouch processing quality were positively correlated (R= 0.73, p < 0.001), suggesting the bean varieties selected for canning quality can be used for pouch products. These findings can benefit the organic dry bean industry by providing methods to enhance the processing quality of organically produced dry beans.
Effect of in-barrel CO2 saturation level on morphology and structure development of milk protein extrudates
Authors: Arora Bindvi , Rizvi Syed S H
Published: January 2025

The combined effect of the operating pressure and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) injection level on structure development during puffing of milk protein concentrate by supercritical fluid extrusion was studied. The extrudates were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, texture analyzer, and electrophoresis. Extrudates obtained with SC-CO2 injection rate corresponding to the equilibrium solubility demonstrated a highly porous structure (mean pore size < 500 μm, mean pore wall thickness < 40 μm). In contrast, both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions formed extrudates having fewer large irregular pores (mean pore size > 700 μm, mean pore wall thickness > 80 μm). Reduction in interfacial tension with increasing CO2 concentration favored homogeneous nucleation up to saturation CO2 levels, resulting in uniformly porous extrudates. SC-CO2 input rate above the saturation levels resulted in undissolved gas vacuoles in the melt, allowing dissolved CO2 to diffuse into them at die exit, favoring coalescence. These findings could have significant utility in designing novel milk protein-based puffed products of predefined structural and physicochemical properties.
Chitosan-zinc oxide-thyme oil-based edible antimicrobial hydrogel coatings. Application on pork and tofu sausages
Authors: Kollia Eleni , Kopsacheili Anna , Birlia Christina , Nikolaou Dionisia , Avdylaj Learda , Giannakas Aris E , Salmas Constantinos E , Tomasevic Igor , Brennan Charles , Proestos Charalampos
Published: January 2025

Chitosan (CS), zinc oxide (ZnO) and essential oils, have been widely researched for their potential in food packaging and preservation due to their ability to extend shelf-life. This study examined the effects of chitosan-poly-vinyl-alcohol-based (CS/PVOH) hydrogel coatings’, on the microbiological quality and shelf-life of pork and tofu sausages. The hydrogel coatings included ZnO grown on montmorillonite (ZnO@NaMt) and thyme-oil (TO) adsorbed in organically modified montmorillonite (TO@OrgMt) nanohybrids dispersed in CS/PVOH, based composite. The sausages were analysed for mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and lactic acid bacteria. Statistical tests were employed to assess the differences between groups. Pork sausages’ shelf-life was extended to 10 and 20 days for CS/PVOH/ZnO@NaMt, CS/PVOH/TO@OrgMt, and for pure CS, CS/PVOH coated samples, respectively. The bacteriostatic effect of CS/PVOH/ZnO@NaMt, CS/PVOH/TO@OrgMt, and CS/PVOH hydrogel coatings was observed after the 20th day. Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts decreased, and tofu sausages’ shelf-life was also prolonged, indicating the coatings’ ability to extend shelf-life.
Combined effects of high-pressure processing, sodium salt and MTGase on textural characteristics of fish emulsion sausages from threadfin bream surimi
Authors: Sakamut Phatthira , Akkarapukjinda Boodsayapuk , Hongviangjan Worawan , Sompongse Warangkana
Published: January 2025

The combined effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) and 0.1% microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) on the quality of threadfin bream surimi emulsion sausages with regular and reduced sodium chloride salt (2.5 and 0.5%) were investigated. Both regular and reduced salt sausages with 0.1% MTGase and HPP had the highest TPA parameters, cooking loss, and total expressible fluid. The myosin heavy chain (MHC) band of the MTGase sample disappeared but the upper gel showed a higher-molecular-weight polymer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs indicated that the reduced salt sausages had larger pores than the regular type. The microstructure became honeycomb-like after HPP, with fewer pores and increased firmness. Both the regular and reduced salt sausages with 0.1% MTGase had denser, more uniform fibre structures. Following HPP, the protein network density increased while combining MTGase and HPP improved sausage texture.
Consecutive endopolyploidy levels in cells of Branchipus schaefferi Fisher, 1834 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)
Authors: Rosales-Ruiz Alfredo , de la Herrán Roberto , Robles Francisca , Navajas-Pérez Rafael , Ruiz-Rejón José Carmelo
Published: January 2025

Endopolyploidy is a well-documented phenomenon in the natural world, yet its biological significance remains poorly understood. A multitude of effects and consequences have been described in the literature as being attributable to this phenomenon, yet none of them have been subjected to rigorous and well-established confirmation. The measurement of ploidy level is typically conducted using flow cytometry or densitometry techniques. Conversely, direct chromosome counting is a less frequently employed method. As a result, all published ploidy-level counts have been presented as even numbers. We describe the first ploidy level chromosome count in somatic cells of Branchipus schefferi Fischer, 1834, a common and one of the most abundant branchiopod crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) widely distributed across Europe. The range of observed ploidy levels was found to vary from diploid to octoploid cells, including odd numbers (3n, 5n, and 7n), as well as different aneuploid numbers. It was furthermore observed that chromosomes at higher ploidy levels undergo an apparent telomere-binding process, leading to the appearance of interphase cells with a large nuclear volume. The possible origins of ploidy levels and the consequences of chromosome joining are discussed here.
Mortality after cancer diagnosis among children with congenital heart disease in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Kampitsi Christina-Evmorfia , Kenborg Line , Mogensen Hanna , Broberg Olof , Glimelius Ingrid , Erdmann Friederike , Falck Winther Jeanette , Feychting Maria , Tettamanti Giorgio
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent decades have witnessed tangible improvements in childhood cancer survival. However, the prognosis for children with congenital heart disease (CHD), the most prevalent birth defect, remains unclear. Due to improved survival of CHD and childhood cancer, evaluating outcomes within this intersection is important for clinical practice. We aimed to assess mortality post-cancer diagnosis among children with CHD.

Methods

We conducted a study on the population of Denmark and Sweden, born 1970–2014, with a cancer diagnosis before age 20 in the national cancer registers (end of follow-up 2015; n = 20,665). CHD diagnoses (n = 397) and recorded deaths were retrieved from national health registers. We evaluated the effect of CHD on five-year mortality post-cancer diagnosis fitting Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

When excluding children with Down syndrome, children with CHD had a higher five-year mortality post-cancer diagnosis compared to children without (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18–1.86). This was particularly notable in children with lymphoma (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.11–4.25) and neuroblastoma (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.11–5.15). In more recent decades (post-1990), children with CHD had similar five-year mortality as their counterparts without, except for children diagnosed with lymphoma, where mortality remained elevated (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.65–6.89).

Conclusions

In this large, register-based cohort study, children with CHD fared worse post-cancer diagnosis—particularly lymphoma and neuroblastoma. While a more positive trend emerged in recent years, lymphoma-related mortality remained disproportionately high among children with CHD, underscoring the need for continued research and interventions to improve outcomes for this vulnerable group.
Near-IR clumps and their properties in high-z galaxies with JWST/NIRCam
Authors: Kalita Boris S , Silverman John D , Daddi Emanuele , Mercier Wilfried , Ho Luis C , Ding Xuheng
Published: January 2025

Resolved stellar morphology of $z\gt 1$ galaxies was inaccessible before JWST. This limitation, due to the impact of dust on rest-frame UV light, had withheld major observational conclusions required to understand the importance of clumps in galaxy evolution. Essentially independent of this issue, we use the rest-frame near-IR for a stellar-mass dependent clump detection method and determine reliable estimations of selection effects. We exploit publicly available JWST/NIRCam and HST/ACS imaging data from CEERS, to create a stellar-mass based picture of clumps in a mass-complete sample of 418 galaxies within a wide wavelength coverage of $0.5{\!-\!}4.6\, \mu$m and a redshift window of $1 \lt z \lt 2$. We find that a near-IR detection gives access to a larger, and possibly different, set of clumps within galaxies, with those also detected in UV making up only 28 per cent. Whereas, 85 per cent of the UV clumps are found to have a near-IR counterpart. These near-IR clumps closely follow the UVJ classification of their respective host galaxies, with these hosts mainly populating the star-forming regime besides a fraction of them (16 per cent) that can be considered quiescent. The mass of the detected clumps are found to be within the range of $10^{7.5{\!-\!}9.5}\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$, therefore expected to drive gas into galaxy cores through tidal torques. The clump stellar mass function is found to have a slope of $-1.50 \pm 0.14$, indicating a hierarchical nature similar to that of star-forming regions in the local Universe. Finally, we observe a radial gradient of increasing clump mass towards the centre of galaxies.
A call in the dark: Nocturnal flight calls and their potential to advance the study of avian migration
Authors: Osterhaus Dylan M , Boland Kelley C , Horton Kyle G , Van Doren Benjamin M , Cutler Patricia L , Desmond Martha J , Wright Timothy F
Published: January 2025

Migratory birds have experienced widespread declines in abundance and face numerous threats. The conservation of migratory species relies in part on improved knowledge of active migration behavior, but this behavior is difficult to study as most birds migrate at night. Flight calls, which are species-specific calls produced by many nocturnal migrants during flight, offer an opportunity to improve our understanding of migration behavior and serve as a tool to monitor populations. Although nocturnal flight call monitoring has been historically limited to small spatial and temporal scales, recent technological advancements have allowed researchers to largely shed these constraints. Despite this expansion, there are many unanswered questions regarding the function of flight calls and the proximate drivers of calling behavior. There are also unaddressed concerns that the methods used to record nocturnal flight calls, as well as other organismal, environmental, and social factors, may bias data in ways that impede (or prohibit) comparisons across time and space. Research that addresses these limitations and potential sources of bias will advance the use of nocturnal flight call monitoring for migratory bird research.
Anti-Black and Blue: Neighborhood Identity and Local Racial Ideologies in Chicago’s Police Neighborhoods
Authors: Fox Anna
Published: January 2025

This article explores the relationship between the places police live and their local racial dynamics. Using geospatial data to estimate where Chicago’s police officers live, I find that police reside in distinct enclaves. Then, drawing on interviews with members of 60 police households, I show how a coherent “police” identity is applied to these neighborhoods. These enclaves were identified as “police neighborhoods” with a strong police identity that all residents could share–unless they were Black. In these neighborhoods, non-Black officers and their spouses used interpersonal surveillance to stigmatize Black residents, using the neighborhood-level police identity to justify localized forms of anti-Black racial exclusion. Although non-officers could wield a police identity in these neighborhoods, Black CPD officers were excluded from it, describing themselves as potential targets of racist policing and violence. The neighborhood-level police identity reveals a direct relationship between police identities and anti-Black racism and incentivizes even those who are not officially police to maintain an anti-Black racial order in police neighborhoods. This study illuminates how everyday people are empowered by their investment in and relationship to policing to enact various forms of racism. The police identity can expand to non-police actors, legitimizing civilian vigilantism and facilitating racial violence.
Challenging the Gender Regime through Small-scale Activism: Alternative Citizen-Led Projects in Kurdistan/Türkiye
Authors: Hamelink Wendelmoet , Şen Besime , Bocheńska Joanna , Kaczorowski Karol
Published: January 2025

This article investigates local initiatives among women in Kurdistan/Türkiye and labels them “small-scale activism,” and reports that they offer an alternative to state and party feminism, as well as to civil society organizations. We argue that, through small-scale political acts, women work on several levels simultaneously. First, their actions grow out of a dissatisfaction with the existing gender regime created by an interplay between various macro- and micro-forces (such as state structures, societal norms, economic opportunities, violence), producing structural inequalities. Second, the projects can be seen as political acts that simultaneously challenge or evade state oppression and Kurdish alternative politics. These micro-interventions grew in importance with the implementation of the Trustee system after the 2016 failed military coup. Theoretically, we position small-scale activism between social movement and social non-movement and show how it challenges the gender regime in the context of an authoritarian state and violent conflict.
Oral Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Indications, Outcomes, and Effect on Corticosteroid Use
Authors: Kate Anahita , Tallapelly Haritha Goud , Jain Neha , Yukti Kumari , Basu Sayan
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report the indications and outcomes of oral cyclosporine A (oCsA) use in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to assess its effect on corticosteroid use.

Methods:

This retrospective review of VKC cases included patients who were prescribed oCsA. Data on clinical characteristics, demographic profile, and treatment were collected. An acute episode was defined as one requiring oral/topical corticosteroids. The outcome measure was the difference in the number of acute episodes before and after oCsA use.

Results:

The study included 27 cases (54 eyes) of VKC from 2016 to 2024. The median age was 20 years. Thirty eyes had sequelae due to VKC, the most common of which was limbal stem cell deficiency (46%). The median duration of follow-up was 11 months. Indications for oCsA were recalcitrant disease (23/27, 85%) and severe active allergy in steroid-induced glaucoma/steroid responders (4/27, 15%). None of the cases experienced progression of sequelae with oCsA use. Forty-two acute episodes were observed before oCsA initiation over 403 person-months, which reduced to 10 episodes over 250 person-months with oCsA use. Without oCsA use, the odds of developing an acute exacerbation of the ocular allergy were 2.6 times (95% confidence interval: 1.3–5.2) higher compared with that with oCsA usage.

Conclusions:

Oral cyclosporine reduces corticosteroid use in VKC and can be considered in recalcitrant disease or in eyes with steroid-induced glaucoma and active allergy. Oral cyclosporine significantly reduced the risk of acute exacerbations, proving to be an effective modality for controlling inflammation in VKC.
Could Nocturnal Chronic Hypoxia Cause Ocular Surface Symptoms by Affecting Limbal Epithelial Cells in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Authors: Yilmam İlker , Küpeli Çinar Ayça , Çinar Abdulkadir Can , Serez Kaya Bilkay
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of nocturnal chronic hypoxia on the thickness changes of the corneal limbal epithelial area that provides regeneration of the corneal epithelium and ocular surface evaluation parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods:

All patients diagnosed with OSA and the control group underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including slit-lamp examination and funduscopy. Tear break-up time, Schirmer test-I, Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography were performed with fluorescein sterile strip for ocular surface evaluation.

Results:

Oxygenation levels of patients during night sleep were different between mild-severe and moderate-severe groups. The Ocular Surface Disease Index results were statistically significantly different between the severe OSA group and the mild OSA group, and between the control group and all other OSA groups (P < 0.05). The limbal epithelial thickness (LET) value was found to be lower in the moderate OSA group than in the mild OSA group and the control group and was statistically significantly higher than in the severe OSA group. In the severe OSA group, the LET value was found to be statistically significantly lower than all other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

In the literature, there is no study evaluating the effect of prolonged hypoxia on limbus epithelium as in patients with OSA. In this study, LET was measured to be statistically significantly thinner as the severity of OSA increased. Considering these results, it can be concluded that the proliferation of limbal stem cells is reduced in prolonged hypoxia.
Sex-Dependent Variations in Gene Expression in Corneal Endothelial Cells Among Healthy Individuals and Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Nakagawa Tatsuya , Tateishi Ayana , Tokuda Yuichi , Nakano Masakazu , Tashiro Kei , Tourtas Theofilos , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula , Kruse Friedrich , Koizumi Noriko , Okumura Naoki
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) displays a higher incidence in females than in males, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate sex-dependent differential gene expressions in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from healthy non-FECD individuals and from patients with FECD.

Methods:

RNA-Seq data from CECs of non-FECD subjects (3 males, 4 females) and FECD subjects (5 males, 5 females) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sexes. We used heatmaps and principal component analysis for expression pattern visualization and Gene Ontology analysis for functional categorization of DEGs.

Results:

Among the non-FECD subjects, we identified 341 DEGs—143 upregulated and 198 downregulated—in females relative to males. For FECD subjects, 309 DEGs were discovered, with 215 upregulated and 94 downregulated in females compared with males. Heatmaps exhibited hierarchical clustering by sex, whereas principal component analysis delineated distinct male and female clusters in both non-FECD and FECD cohorts. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis linked the upregulated genes in non-FECD females to steroid hormone response, and downregulated ones to cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity. In females with FECD, upregulated genes were associated with immune responses and downregulated genes with peptide hormone binding.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, these findings are the first to reveal distinct gene expression patterns in CECs between sexes. The observed variations suggest a potential genetic basis for the observed sex disparity in FECD prevalence. Further investigation is warranted to explore these associations and their implications for the pathogenesis of FECD.
Influence of Sex and Gender on Adherence to Self-care Behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management in the Global Context
Authors: Orach Juma , Adhikari Shambhu P. , Dev Rubee
Published: January 2025

Background

Adherence to self-care behaviors can prevent or delay adverse outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sex and socioculturally constructed gender might impact individuals' ability to adhere to healthy lifestyles.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically identify, evaluate, and synthesize the literature on the influence of sex and gender on adherence to self-care behaviors for CVD risk management in the global context.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Health Databases for peer-reviewed original articles published between 2013 and 2023. We selected studies that investigated self-care behaviors, self-care maintenance, or self-care management as outcomes and reported sex- and gender-related factors (such as education level, employment status, and marital status). The data were synthesized in a narrative form.

Results

The search identified 3540 studies, 52 of which met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. Global North countries accounted for 55% of all the studies. Self-reported questionnaire scores were used in most of the studies (n = 47). Better self-care was associated with being a woman (n = 17), attaining a higher education level (n = 15), and having higher perceived social support (n = 10). The associations between adherence to self-care behaviors and employment status, socioeconomic status, marital status, and household size were inconsistent.

Conclusions

Adherence to self-care behaviors for CVD risk management varied widely, based on gender-related factors. Further research is needed to use a consistent measure of self-care adherence behavior and integrate a wider range of gender-related factors.
Internet-based cognitive rehabilitation for working cancer survivors: A process evaluation
Authors: Klaver Kete M. , Duijts Saskia F.A. , Geusgens Chantal A.V. , Aarts Maureen J.B. , Ponds Rudolf W.H.M. , van der Beek Allard J. , Schagen Sanne B.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the process of an online cognitive rehabilitation program aimed at supporting cancer survivors experiencing cognitive problems at work.

Methods

Cancer survivors (n = 279) were randomized to one of the intervention groups (i.e., basic and extensive online cognitive rehabilitation) or waitlist control group. Recruitment, reach, dosage, implementation, perceived usefulness and experiences with the program were evaluated using questionnaires and logbooks.

Results

Implementation (i.e., reach multiplied by dosage) was acceptable for both versions of the program (range 63% to 76%). Cancer survivors and cognitive therapists perceived the overall program as moderately to highly useful and generally reported positive experiences.

Conclusions

Both a basic and extensive version of the online cognitive rehabilitation program were successfully implemented in the context of an RCT, suggesting their feasibility as intervention to support cancer survivors with cognitive problems at work.
PM2.5 Speciation chemicals and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): Uncovering the Interactions of Maternal Health, Environmental metal pollutants, and Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Ibrahimou Boubakari , Burchfield Shelbie , Sun Ning
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess factors influencing Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) risk, incorporating maternal demographics, behaviors, medical conditions, pregnancy-related factors, and PM2.5 speciation pollutants exposures.

Methods

Using Florida de-identified birth records, logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between maternal exposure to PM2.5 speciation metals during pregnancy and the risk of RDS, adjusting for various covariates.

Results

Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of RDS risk, reaffirming known risk factors such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal health conditions. Complex interactions among pollutants and maternal health factors were observed, emphasizing the importance of considering synergistic effects in risk assessment. Additionally, race and ethnicity were identified as significant factors, with nuances observed within Hispanic subgroups.

Conclusion

Targeted interventions aimed at reducing exposure to harmful pollutants, particularly among high-risk populations, may help mitigate RDS burden.
Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers Prevent Vestibular Schwannoma–Associated Hearing Loss
Authors: Early Samuel , Brown Alyssa , Xu Lei , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: January 2025

Background & Introduction

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumors typically present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Losartan has recently demonstrated prevention of tumor-associated SNHL in a mouse model of VS through suppression of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, and the current study investigates this association in humans.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of patients with unilateral VS and hypertension followed with sequential audiometry at a tertiary referral hospital from January 1994 to June 2023. Patients were stratified into subgroups by anti-hypertensive medication class. SNHL progression was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis to account for variable follow-up times.

Results

Two hundred thirty-six patients were identified with diagnosis of both VS and hypertension, and with sequential audiometry. Of these, 186 were taking anti-hypertensive therapy at the time of initial VS diagnosis, and 23 were taking losartan or another angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Patients taking an ARB were both more likely to have normal baseline hearing and no progressive hearing loss with 36.5 total patient-years of follow-up. Patients taking other anti-hypertensives all showed expected declines in hearing consistent with natural history of VS tumors.

Discussion & Conclusion

This study represents the first statistically significant association between ARB intake and hearing preservation in a real-world VS patient population. Significant confounding factors, such as concomitant hypertension in these patients, could still cloud the full effect of ARB medications' interaction with SNHL progression. Given that ARBs are well tolerated and safe, the results advocate for a prospective clinical trial to validate this effect.