bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Graph Drawing Beyond Planarity
Authors: Didimo Walter , Liotta Giuseppe , Montecchiani Fabrizio
Published: February 2019

Graph Drawing Beyond Planarity is a rapidly growing research area that classifies and studies geometric representations of nonplanar graphs in terms of forbidden crossing configurations. The aim of this survey is to describe the main research directions in this area, the most prominent known results, and some of the most challenging open problems.
Digital civics goes abroad
Authors: Gray Colin M. , Toombs Austin L. , Owczarzak Marlo , Watkins Christopher
Published: February 2019

HCI education reflects the continual evolution of HCI, embracing the changing landscapes of technology, infrastructure, and technology use. This forum aims to provide a platform for HCI educators, practitioners, researchers, and students to share their perspectives, reflections, and experiences related to HCI education.
--- Sukeshini Grandhi, Editor
An interview with William Hugh Murray
Authors: Denning Peter J.
Published: February 2019

A discussion of the rapidly evolving realm of practical cyber security.
Potential 'dark sides' of leisure technology use in youth
Authors: Turel Ofir
Published: February 2019

Time for balanced reflections on technology.
The map is not the territory
Authors: Siegel David , Dray Susan
Published: February 2019

This forum addresses conceptual, methodological, and professional issues that arise in UX's continuing effort to have a positive impact by contributing robust information about users to product planning and design.
--- David Siegel and Susan Dray, Editors
Parametrized complexity of virtual network embeddings
Authors: Rost Matthias , Döhne Elias , Schmid Stefan
Published: February 2019

This paper makes the case for a parametrized complexity approach to tackle the fundamental but notoriously hard Virtual Network Embedding Problem. In particular, we show that the structure of the to-be-embedded virtual network requests can be exploited toward fast (i.e.,fixed-parameter tractable) approximation algorithms, using dynamic as well as linear programming algorithms.

Our approach does provide formal guarantees on the runtime and solution quality and can safeguard also latency constraints. Using extensive computational experiments we demonstrate the practical relevance of our novel approach.
The Dagstuhl beginners guide to reproducibility for experimental networking research
Authors: Bajpai Vaibhav , Brunstrom Anna , Feldmann Anja , Kellerer Wolfgang , Pras Aiko , Schulzrinne Henning , Smaragdakis Georgios , Wählisch Matthias , Wehrle Klaus
Published: February 2019

Reproducibility is one of the key characteristics of good science, but hard to achieve for experimental disciplines like Internet measurements and networked systems. This guide provides advice to researchers, particularly those new to the field, on designing experiments so that their work is more likely to be reproducible and to serve as a foundation for follow-on work by others.
Angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy are differentially mediated by TLR3- and TLR4-dependent pathways
Authors: Singh Madhu V. , Cicha Michael Z. , Nunez Sarah , Meyerholz David K. , Chapleau Mark W. , Abboud François M.
Published: February 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key components of the innate immune system that elicit inflammatory responses through the adaptor proteins myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) and Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Previously, we demonstrated that TRIF mediates the signaling of angiotensin II (ANG II)- induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Since TRIF is activated selectively by TLR3 and TLR4, our goals in this study were to determine the roles of TLR3 and TLR4 in mediating ANG II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and associated changes in proinflammatory gene expression in heart and kidney. In wild-type (WT) mice, ANG II infusion (1,000 ng·kg−1·min−1for 3 wk) increased systolic blood pressure and caused cardiac hypertrophy. In ANG II-infused TLR4-deficient mice ( Tlr4del), hypertrophy was significantly attenuated despite a preserved or enhanced hypertensive response. In contrast, in TLR3-deficient mice ( Tlr3−/−), both ANG II-induced hypertension and hypertrophy were abrogated. In WT mice, ANG II increased the expression of several proinflammatory genes in hearts and kidneys that were attenuated in both TLR4- and TLR3-deficient mice compared with WT. We conclude that ANG II activates both TLR4-TRIF and TLR3-TRIF pathways in a nonredundant manner whereby hypertension is dependent on activation of the TLR3-TRIF pathway and cardiac hypertrophy is dependent on both TLR3-TRIF and TLR4-TRIF pathways.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension is dependent on the endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway of the innate immune system but not on cell membrane localized TLR4. However, ANG II-induced cardiac hypertrophy is regulated by both TLR4-TRIF and TLR3-TRIF pathways. Thus, ANG II-induced rise in systolic blood pressure is independent of TLR4-TRIF effect on cardiac hypertrophy. The TLR3-TRIF pathway may be a potential target of therapeutic intervention.
Reflected hemodynamic waves influence the pattern of Doppler ultrasound waveforms along the umbilical arteries
Authors: Sled John G. , Stortz Greg , Cahill Lindsay S. , Milligan Natasha , Ayyathurai Viji , Serghides Lena , Morgen Eric , Seravalli Viola , Delp Cassandra , McShane Cyrethia , Baschat Ahmet , Kingdom John , Macgowan Christopher K.
Published: February 2019

The pulsatile pattern of blood motion measured by Doppler ultrasound within the umbilical artery is known to contain useful diagnostic information and is widely used to monitor pregnancies at risk of fetal growth restriction or stillbirth. Animal studies have identified reflected pressure waves traveling counter to the direction of blood flow as an important factor in the shape of these waveforms. In the present study, we establish a method to measure reflected waves in the human umbilical artery and assess their influence on blood velocity pulsation. Ninety-five pregnant women were recruited from a general obstetrics clinic between 26 and 37 wk of gestation and examined by Doppler ultrasound. Blood velocity waveforms were recorded for each umbilical artery at three locations along the umbilical cord. With the use of a computational procedure, a pair of forward and reverse propagating waves was identified to explain the variation in observed Doppler ultrasound waveforms along the cord. Among the data sets that met data quality requirements, waveforms in 93 of the 130 arteries examined agreed with the wave reflection model to within 1.5% and showed reflections ranging in magnitude from 3 to 52% of the forward wave amplitude. Strong reflections were associated with large differences in pulsatility between the fetal and placental ends of the cord. As reflections arise from transitions in the biomechanical properties of blood vessels, these observations provide a plausible mechanism for the link between abnormal waveforms and clinically significant placental pathology and could lead to more precise screening methods for detecting pregnancies complicated by placental disease.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The pulsatile pattern of blood motion measured by Doppler ultrasound within the umbilical artery is known to contain useful diagnostic information and is widely used to monitor pregnancies at risk of fetal growth restriction. We demonstrate based on a study of 95 pregnant women that the shape of these umbilical artery waveforms is explained by the presence of a reflected pressure wave traveling counter to the direction of blood flow.
Overcoming BET Inhibitor Resistance in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Cooper Jonathan M. , Patel Amish J. , Chen Zhiguo , Liao Chung-Ping , Chen Kun , Mo Juan , Wang Yong , Le Lu Q.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

BET bromodomain inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapy for numerous cancer types in preclinical studies, including neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). However, potential mechanisms underlying resistance to these inhibitors in different cancers are not completely understood. In this study, we explore new strategy to overcome BET inhibitor resistance in MPNST.

Experimental Design: Through modeling tumor evolution by studying genetic changes underlying the development of MPNST, a lethal sarcoma with no effective medical treatment, we identified a targetable addiction to BET bromodomain family member BRD4 in MPNST. This served as a controlled model system to delineate mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors in this disease.

Results:

Here, we show that a malignant progression–associated increase in BRD4 protein levels corresponds to partial sensitivity to BET inhibition in MPNST. Strikingly, genetic depletion of BRD4 protein levels synergistically sensitized MPNST cells to diverse BET inhibitors in culture and in vivo.

Conclusions:

Collectively, MPNST sensitivity to combination genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BRD4 revealed the presence of a unique addiction to BRD4 in MPNST. Our discovery that a synthetic lethality exists between BET inhibition and reduced BRD4 protein levels nominates MPNST for the investigation of emerging therapeutic interventions such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that simultaneously target bromodomain activity and BET protein abundance.
A Novel mTORC1/2 Inhibitor (MTI-31) Inhibits Tumor Growth, Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, Metastases, and Improves Antitumor Immunity in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Zhang Yan , Chen Yaqing , Qian Jianchang , Zhang Xuesai , Yu Ker
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

We aimed to investigate efficacy and mechanism of MTI-31 (LXI-15029), a novel mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor currently in human trial (NCT03125746), in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models of multiple driver mutations and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistance.

Experimental Design:

Gene depletion, inhibitor treatment, immunological, flow cytometry, cellular, and animal studies were performed to determine in vitro and in vivo efficacy in NSCLC models of driver mutations and elucidate roles by mTOR complexes in regulating migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, intracranial tumor growth, and immune-escape.

Results:

MTI-31 potently inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 <1 μmol/L) and in vivo tumor growth in multiple NSCLC models of EGFR/T790M, EML4-ALK, c-Met, or KRAS (MED <10 mg/kg). In EGFR-mutant and/or EML4-ALK-driven NSCLC, MTI-31 or disruption of mTORC2 reduced cell migration, hematogenous metastasis to the lung, and abrogated morphological and functional traits of EMT. Disruption of mTORC2 inhibited EGFR/T790M-positive tumor growth in mouse brain and prolonged animal survival correlating a diminished tumor angiogenesis and recruitment of IBA1+ microglia/macrophages in tumor microenvironment. MTI-31 also suppressed programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in EGFR- and ALK-driven NSCLC, mediated in part by mTORC2/AKT/GSK3β-dependent proteasomal degradation. Depletion of mTOR protein or disruption of mTOR complexes profoundly downregulated PD-L1 and alleviated apoptosis in Jurkat T and primary human T cells in a tumor-T cell coculture system.

Conclusions:

Our results highlight mTOR as a multifaceted regulator of tumor growth, metastasis, and immune-escape in EGFR/ALK-mutant and TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. The newly characterized mechanisms mediated by the rapamycin-resistant mTORC2 warrant clinical investigation of mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors in patients with lung cancer.
Multiplexed (18-Plex) Measurement of Signaling Targets and Cytotoxic T Cells in Trastuzumab-Treated Patients using Imaging Mass Cytometry
Authors: Carvajal-Hausdorf Daniel E. , Patsenker Jonathan , Stanton Kelly P. , Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Esch Amanda , Montgomery Ruth R. , Psyrri Amanda , Kalogeras Konstantine T. , Kotoula Vassiliki , Foutzilas George , Schalper Kurt A. , Kluger Yuval , Rimm David L.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) uses metal-conjugated antibodies to provide multidimensional, objective measurement of protein targets. We used this high-throughput platform to perform an 18-plex assessment of HER2 ICD/ECD, cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and other structural and signaling proteins in a cohort of patients treated with trastuzumab to discover associations with trastuzumab benefit.

Experimental Design:

An antibody panel for detection of 18 targets (pan-cytokeratin, HER2 ICD, HER2 ECD, CD8, vimentin, cytokeratin 7, β-catenin, HER3, MET, EGFR, ERK 1–2, MEK 1–2, PTEN, PI3K p110 α, Akt, mTOR, Ki67, and Histone H3) was used with a selection of trastuzumab-treated patients from the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group 10/05 trial (n = 180), and identified a case–control series.

Results:

Patients that recurred after adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab trended toward a decreased fraction of HER2 ECD pixels over threshold compared with cases without recurrence (P = 0.057). After exclusion of the lowest HER2 expressers, 5-year recurrence events were associated with reduced total extracellular domain (ECD)/intracellular domain (ICD) ratio intensity in tumor (P = 0.044). These observations are consistent with our previous work using quantitative immunofluorescence, but represent the proof on identical cell content. We also describe the association of the ECD of HER2 with CD8 T-cell infiltration on the same slide.

Conclusions:

The proximity of CD8 cells as a function of the expression of the ECD of HER2 provides further evidence for the role of the immune system in the mechanism of action of trastuzumab.
Comparison of Biomarker Assays for EGFR: Implications for Precision Medicine in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Lassman Andrew B. , Roberts-Rapp Lisa , Sokolova Irina , Song Minghao , Pestova Ekaterina , Kular Rupinder , Mullen Carolyn , Zha Zheng , Lu Xin , Gomez Erica , Bhathena Anahita , Maag David , Kumthekar Priya , Gan Hui K. , Scott Andrew M. , Guseva Maria , Holen Kyle D. , Ansell Peter J. , van den Bent Martin J.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and are in desperate need of better therapies. As therapeutic decisions are increasingly guided by biomarkers, and EGFR abnormalities are common in GBM, thus representing a potential therapeutic target, we systematically evaluated methods of assessing EGFR amplification by multiple assays. Specifically, we evaluated correlation among fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a standard assay for detecting EGFR amplification, with other methods.

Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used for all assays. EGFR amplification was detected using FISH (N = 206) and whole-exome sequencing (WES, N = 74). EGFR mRNA expression was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, N = 206) and transcriptome profiling (RNAseq, N = 64). EGFR protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC, N = 34). Significant correlations among various methods were determined using Cohen's kappa (κ = 0.61–0.80 defines substantial agreement) or R2 statistics.

Results:

EGFR mRNA expression levels by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and RT-PCR were highly correlated with EGFR amplification assessed by FISH (κ = 0.702). High concordance was also observed when comparing FISH to WES (κ = 0.739). RNA expression was superior to protein expression in delineating EGFR amplification.

Conclusions:

Methods for assessing EGFR mRNA expression (RT-PCR, RNAseq) and copy number (WES), but not protein expression (IHC), can be used as surrogates for EGFR amplification (FISH) in GBM. Collectively, our results provide enhanced understanding of available screening options for patients, which may help guide EGFR-targeted therapeutic approaches.
Comparison of Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly Patients, Including 10 628 Nonagenarians: Insights From a Japanese Nationwide Registry (J‐PCI Registry)
Authors: Numasawa Yohei , Inohara Taku , Ishii Hideki , Yamaji Kyohei , Kohsaka Shun , Sawano Mitsuaki , Kodaira Masaki , Uemura Shiro , Kadota Kazushige , Amano Tetsuya , Nakamura Masato ,   on behalf of the J‐PCI Registry Investigators, Kadota Kazushige , Shiode Nobuo , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Amano Tetsuya , Uemura Shiro , Akasaka Takashi , Morino Yoshihiro , Fujii Kenshi , Hikichi Hiroshi , Kohsaka Shun , Ishii Hideki , Tanabe Kengo , Ozaki Yukio , Sumitsuji Satoru , Iida Osamu , Hara Hidehiko , Takashima Hiroaki , Shirai Shinichi , Nanasato Mamoru , Inohara Taku , Ueda Yasunori , Numasawa Yohei , Noma Shigetaka
Published: February 2019

Background

Scarce data exist about the outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) in old patients. This study sought to provide an overview of
PCI
in elderly patients, especially nonagenarians, in a Japanese large prospective nationwide registry.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 562 640 patients undergoing PCI (≥60 years of age) from 1018 Japanese hospitals between 2014 and 2016 in the J‐PCI (Japanese percutaneous coronary intervention) registry. Among them, 10 628 patients (1.9%), including 6780 (1.2%) with acute coronary syndrome (
ACS
) and 3848 (0.7%) with stable coronary artery disease, were ≥90 years of age. We investigated differences in characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes among sexagenarians, septuagenarians, octogenarians, and nonagenarians. Older patients were more frequently women and had a greater frequency of heart failure and chronic kidney disease than younger patients. In addition, older patients had a higher rate of in‐hospital mortality, cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock after
PCI
, and bleeding complications requiring blood transfusion. Nonagenarians had the highest risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.60; 95%
CI
, 3.10–4.18 in
ACS
; odds ratio
,
6.24; 95%
CI,
3.82–10.20 in non‐
ACS
) and bleeding complications (
odds ratio,
1.79; 95%
CI,
1.35–2.36 in
ACS
; odds ratio
,
2.70; 95%
CI,
1.68–4.35 in non‐
ACS
) when referenced to sexagenarians. More important, transradial intervention was an inverse independent predictor of both in‐hospital mortality and bleeding complications.

Conclusions

Older patients, especially nonagenarians, carried a greater risk of in‐hospital death and bleeding compared with younger patients after
PCI
. Transradial intervention might contribute to risk reduction for periprocedural complications in elderly patients undergoing
PCI
.
MERSİN-AYDINCIK İLÇESİ VE ÇEVRESİNİN KÜLTÜR TURİZMİ POTANSİYELİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKKUŞ Osman , GÜNEŞ Gül
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı Aydıncık ilçesi ve yakın çevresinin kültür turizmi açısından önemli bir destinasyon haline gelebilmesi için potansiyel kaynak değerlerin belirlenmesi ve ülkemizde kitle turizmi nedeni ile yaşanan, kaynak kayıplarının bu destinasyonda yaşanmaması için kaynak korumacı bir yaklaşım olan sürdürülebilir turizm yaklaşımı bağlamında yapılması gerekenleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel araştırma problemini, Aydıncık ilçesinde Kültür turizminin gelişebilmesi için yapılması gereken çalışmalar oluşturmaktadır.Araştırma yöntemi; “Niteliksel Tasarım” türlerinden olan Niteliksel İçerik Analizi Tasarımıyla (kaynak/literatür taraması) içerik oluşturma ve Niteliksel Saha Araştırması (gözlem yapma) yollarıyla niteliksel veri toplama yoluyla veri toplama olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemine uygun açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır.Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; Aydıncık ilçesi Kültür Turizmi ve diğer özel ilgi turizmi türleri açısından güçlü bir potansiyele sahiptir. İlçe sahip olduğu bu potansiyelin değerlendirilmesi yönünde tedbirler almalıdır. Turizmin ilçede ivme kazanmaya başladığı zamanlarda taşıma kapasitesi aşılmamasına özen gösterilmeli, çevre ve kıyı, kültürel dokuyu koruyucu önlemler mutlaka alınmalıdır. İlçede turistlerin ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek nitelikte konaklama, yeme içme, sosyal tesisler faaliyete başlamalıdır. Bunun için de altyapı ve üst yapı problemlerinin çözümüne yönelik projeler üretilmelidir.
TÜRKİYE’DE GIDA İÇECEK VE TÜTÜN SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN İŞLETMELERİN ÖLÇEKLERİ AÇISINDAN FİNANSAL ORANLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: DAĞLI Hüseyin , EKER Damla
Published: February 2019

Finansal oran analizi, finansal analiz tekniklerinin en yaygın kullanılan türlerinden biridir. İşletme yönetici ve sahipleri, yatırımcılar, kredi kurumları gibi özel ve tüzel kişilikler finansal oran analizi yardımıyla işletmelerin finansal yapısı, kârlılıkları, verimlilikleri, borç ödeme kabiliyetleri gibi konular hakkında fikir sahibi olurlar. Finansal oranların sabitleşmiş standartları olmamasıyla birlikte piyasanın durumu, işletmelerin yer aldıkları endüstri gibi değişik faktörlere bağlı olarak zaman içerisinde değişebilirler. Bu çalışmada, Türk gıda içecek ve tütün sektöründeki büyük ve küçük ölçekli işletmelerin sekiz yıllık finansal oranlarının karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılmıştır. Büyük ve küçük ölçekli işletmeler için hesaplanan finansal oranların karşılaştırmalı analizi Mann Whitney U testi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı analiz sonucunda duran varlık devir hızı, uzun vadeli borç, faiz karşılama ve kârlılık oranlarının tümünde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu bulunmuştur.
ÖZEL EĞİTİM KURUMLARININ SOSYAL SORUMLULUK UYGULAMALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KÖMÜRCÜ Ahmet Hulusi , YILDIRIM Yıldırım
Published: February 2019

Özel öğretim kurumu işletmelerinin sosyal sorumluluğa bağlılıkları üzerine etkisi, çalışmanın başlıca amacıdır. Diğer taraftan yasal düzenlemelerle çıtası yükselmiş olan, geleneksel sosyal sorumluluk anlayışının, işletmeler için zorunluluk olduğu hususu, çalışmamızın ikincil amacı olmuştur. Bu amaçları gerçekleştirmek için yapılan araştırmanın ana kütlesini, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren özel öğretim kurumları oluşturmaktadır. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı verilerine göre; Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde 275 özel öğretim kurumu bulunmaktadır. Ana kütle listesinin tamamına ulaşmak, zaman, emek ve maliyet açısından imkânsız olduğundan, kota örneklemesi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Örnekleme için, illerde bulunan özel öğretim kurumu sayısının, bölgedeki özel öğretim kurumları toplamına oranı %10’un üzerinde olan iller seçilmiştir. %10’un üzerinde, özel öğretim kurumuna sahip illerde bulunan, özel öğretim kurumu idarecilerine, mail yöntemiyle veya yüz yüze yöntemle anket tatbik edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 17,0 paket programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler, toplumsal beklenti ve duyarlılığın, özel öğretim kurumlarının sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarına olan pozitif etkisini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte; özel öğretim kurumlarında sosyal sorumluluk kavramının, artık bir zorunluluk olarak algılandığı tespit edilmiştir.
1970 TARİHLİ 10. SINIF TARİH DERS KİTABININ GÖRSEL TASARIM AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Ebru
Published: February 2019

Ders kitapları eğitim ve öğretim sürecinin vazgeçilmez unsurlarından birisidir. Bu materyallerin en önemli öğelerinden birisi de görsellerdir. Görseller ders kitaplarında sunulan bilgileri açıklama, basitleştirme ve anlamlı hale getirmede önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar ders kitaplarındaki görsellerin görsel hazırlama kriterlerine yeterince dikkat edilmeden hazırlandığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle ders kitabını hazırlayan kişilerin, bir ders kitabının içerisine konulacak görsellerin hangi özellikleri taşımaları ve ders kitabında nerelere yerleştirilmesi gerektiği konusunda bilgi ve deneyim sahibi olmaları gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1970 tarihinde hazırlanan Lise II Tarih Ders Kitabı’nı, bir ders kitabındaki görsellerin taşımaları gereken özellikler açısından değerlendirmektir. Buna ek olarak, elde edilen verilerin günümüz literatürüyle karşılaştırılması ve tarih ders kitaplarındaki görsellerin hazırlanmasında ne tür gelişmelerin yaşandığı da ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Araştırma, nitel bir anlayışla gerçekleştirilmiş olup, veriler doküman analiziyle elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, 1970 tarihli tarih ders kitabındaki görsellerin bazı açılardan günümüz tarih ders kitaplarında yer alan görsellere kıyasla daha iyi hazırlandığı da görülmektedir. Bunun yanında incelenen ders kitabında günümüz ders kitaplarında yer almayan el çizimi görseller, görsellerle ilgili açıklamalar ve görsellerle ilgili numaralandırmalar yer almaktadır.
Multielement Episodic Encoding in Young and Older Adults
Authors: James Taylor , Rajah M. Natasha , Duarte Audrey
Published: February 2019

Previous research on age-related associative memory deficits has generally focused on memory for single associations. However, our real-world experiences contain a multitude of details that must be effectively integrated and encoded into coherent representations to facilitate subsequent retrieval of the event as a whole. How aging interferes with the processes necessary for multielement encoding is still unknown. We investigated this issue in the current fMRI study. While undergoing scanning, young and older adults were presented with an occupation and an object and were asked to judge how likely the two were to interact, either in general or within the context of a given scene. After scanning, participants completed recognition tasks for the occupation–object pairs and the sources/contexts with which the pairs were studied. Using multivariate behavioral partial least squares analyses, we identified a set of regions including anterior pFC and medial-temporal lobes whose activity was beneficial to subsequent memory for the pairs and sources in young adults but detrimental in older adults. An additional behavioral partial least squares analysis found that, although both groups recruited anterior pFC areas to support context memory performance, only in the young did this activity appear to reflect integration of the occupation, object, and scene features. This was also consistent with behavioral results, which found that young adults showed greater conditional dependence between pair and context memory compared with older adults. Together, these findings suggest that binding and/or retrieving multiple details as an integrated whole becomes increasingly difficult with age.
A revision of the genus Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
Authors: ROUX MICHEL , ELÉAUME MARC , AMÉZIANE NADIA
Published: February 2019

The genus Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850 (Crinoidea, Bourgueticrinina) was established on the basis of two aboral cups that had previously been described as Bourgueticrinus thorenti d’Archiac, 1846. One of these (now considered lost) came from the “Rocher du Goulet” at the base of the Biarritz section (Bartonian, Côte des Basques, southwest France). D’Archiac figured only the second cup; this belongs to the d’Orbigny Collection and is still housed in the palaeontological collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) as the lectotype of the species, C. thorenti. It appears that it was collected from Priabonian levels exposed near Castellane (Alpes de Haute Provence, southeast France). New observations on this cup, as well as a detailed study of the characters of aboral cups, columnals and proximal brachials in a few extant and fossil species classically attributed to Conocrinus or to closely related genera such as Democrinus, Rhizocrinus and Tormocrinus, have yielded arguments for a revision of the taxonomy and interrelationships of extant and fossil taxa in the family Bourgueticrinidae. Conocrinus (= Tormocrinus), as here interpreted, includes six Eocene species: C. thorenti, C. archiaci, C. cahuzaci n. sp., C. duperrieri, C. cf. suessi and C. veronensis. Numerous extinct species previously attributed to Conocrinus or Democrinus are here transferred to two new genera which first occur in the lower Paleocene: Paraconocrinus n. gen. (type species: P. pyriformis) and Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. (type species: P. doncieuxi). Aboral cups from the “Rocher du Goulet” (Biarritz) are here assigned to Paraconocrinus pellati n. gen., n. sp., while the Danian species Democrinus maximus is transferred to Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. A new genus, Cherbonniericrinus, is created to accommodate a single extant species, Ch. cherbonnieri, previously attributed to Conocrinus, while the extant genus Rhizocrinus, closely related to Democrinus, is resurrected. Conocrinus and closely related genera are derived from a bourgueticrinine lineage the first record of which is from the lower Campanian, with the new genus Carstenicrinus. These are all attributed to the family Rhizocrinidae which is here considered distinct from the family Bourgueticrinidae. Rhizocrinids rapidly diversified immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) event. Cretaceous taxa previously placed within the family Bourgueticrinidae now appear to be polyphyletic. Some of them do not belong to Bourgueticrinina, such as those of the Dunnicrinus lineage. Interrelationships of Rhizocrinidae and other post-Palaeozoic families having a xenomorphic stalk are discussed.
Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 (Annelida, Capitellidae): description of three new species and relocation of Heteromastides Augener, 1914 in Scyphoproctus
Authors: DA SILVA CAMILA FERNANDA , AMARAL ANTONIA CECILIA ZACAGNINI
Published: February 2019

Capitellids of the genus Scyphoproctus are most readily identified by the distinctive pygidial region, generally consisting of a number of segments fused with the pygidium, forming a weakly or well-developed anal plaque. To date, there are 17 valid species, however, only one species has been previously recorded in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of the genus occurring along the Northeast and Southeast coasts and sublittoral areas of Brazil. Three new species have been found in samples collected in a variety of habitats and depths, Scyphoproctus paivai sp. nov., S. profundus sp. nov., and S. robustus sp. nov. The new species are herein described and compared to other species of the genus and type material of two additional species are re-described, Scyphoproctus oculatus Reish, 1959 and S. pseudoarmatus (Silva 1965). The genus Heteromastides Augener, 1914 is herein relocated in Scyphoproctus Gravier, 1904 and the previous species Heteromastides platyproctus Pillai, 1961 (junior homonym) renamed as Scyphoproctus telesphorei n. nov. after the species author Telesphore Gottfried Pillai, because there is already a species named Scyphoproctus platyproctus Jones, 1961 (senior homonym). A taxonomic key of the valid and new species is also given.
Modulation of the Kara Sea Ice Variation on the Ice Freeze-Up Time in Lake Qinghai
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun , Sun Jianqi , Li Hua , Qiu Yubao
Published: February 2019

Lake ice phenology, as an indicator for climate variability and change, exerts a great influence on regional climate and hydrometeorology. In this study, the changing characteristics of lake ice phenology at Lake Qinghai (LQH) are investigated using retrieved historical datasets during 1979–2016. The results show that the variation of the lake freeze-up date over LQH is characterized by a strong interannual variability. Further analysis has revealed that November sea ice concentration (SIC) variation in the Kara Sea can exert a great impact on the freeze-up date at LQH. During the low sea ice years, the open sea serves as a strong diabatic heating source, largely contributing to the enhanced Arctic Eliassen–Palmer flux, which then results in the deceleration of zonal wind in the middle and high latitudes. In addition to this, accompanied with the decreasing Kara SIC, the enhanced stationary Rossby wave flux propagating along the high-latitude regions may further exert remarkable influences in deepening the East Asian trough, which provides a favorable atmospheric circulation pattern for cold air intrusion from the Arctic and Siberian regions to mainland China. The decreased surface air temperature would thus advance the freezing date over LQH. Furthermore, the close relationship between atmospheric circulation anomalies and Kara SIC variations is validated by a large ensemble of simulations from the Community Earth System Model, and the atmospheric circulation patterns induced by the SIC anomalies are reproduced to some extent. Therefore, the November Kara Sea ice anomaly might be an important predictor for the variation in the freeze-up date at LQH.
Using a Particle Filter to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of the Snowpack Water Equivalent
Authors: Cantet Philippe , Boucher M. A. , Lachance-Coutier S. , Turcotte R. , Fortin V.
Published: February 2019

A snow model forced by temperature and precipitation is used to simulate the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) over a 600 000 km2 portion of the province of Quebec, Canada. We propose to improve model simulations by assimilating SWE data from sporadic manual snow surveys with a particle filter. A temporally and spatially correlated perturbation of the meteorological forcing is used to generate the set of particles. The magnitude of the perturbations is fixed objectively. First, the particle filter and direct insertion were both applied on 88 sites for which measured SWE consisted of more or less five values per year over a period of 17 years. The temporal correlation of perturbations enables us to improve the accuracy and the ensemble dispersion of the particle filter, while the spatial correlation leads to a spatial coherence in the particle weights. The spatial estimates of SWE obtained with the particle filter are compared with those obtained through optimal interpolation of the snow survey data, which is the current operational practice in Quebec. Cross-validation results as well as validation against an independent dataset show that the proposed particle filter enables us to improve the spatial distribution of the snow water equivalent compared with optimal interpolation.
Gridded Monthly Rainfall Estimates Derived from Historical Atoll Observations
Authors: Cook Werner E. , Greene J. Scott
Published: February 2019

To provide an analysis tool for areal rainfall estimates, 1° gridded monthly sea level rainfall estimates have been derived from historical atoll rainfall observations contained in the Pacific Rainfall (PACRAIN) database. The PACRAIN database is a searchable repository of in situ rainfall observations initiated and maintained by the University of Oklahoma and supported by a research grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office/Ocean Observing and Monitoring. The gridding algorithm employs ordinary kriging, a standard geostatistical technique, and selects for nonnegative estimates and for local estimation neighborhoods yielding minimum kriging variance. This methodology facilitates the selection of fixed-size neighborhoods from available stations beyond simply choosing the closest stations, as it accounts for dependence between estimator stations. The number of stations used for estimation is based on bias and standard error exhibited under cross estimation. A cross validation is conducted, comparing estimated and observed rains, as well as theoretical and observed standard errors for the ordinary kriging estimator. The conditional bias of the kriging estimator and the predictive value of kriging standard errors, with respect to observed standard errors, are discussed. Plots of the gridded rainfall estimates are given for sample El Niño and La Niña cases and standardized differences between the estimates produced here and the merged monthly rainfall estimates published by the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) are shown and discussed.
Modeling variables associated with personal recovery among service users with mental disorders using community-based services
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée , Sabetti Judith , Bamvita Jean-Marie , Grenier Guy
Published: February 2019

Background:

Mental health research is evolving toward the identification of conceptual models and associated variables, which may provide a better understanding of personal recovery, given its importance for individuals affected by mental disorders (MDs).

Aims:

This article evaluated personal recovery in a sample of adults with MDs using an adapted conceptual framework based on the Andersen behavioral model, which evaluates predisposing, enabling and needs factors in service use.

Methods:

The study design was cross-sectional and included 327 mental health service users recruited across four local health service networks in Quebec (Canada). Data were collected using seven standardized instruments and participant medical records. Structural equation modeling was performed.

Results:

Quality of life (QOL), an enabling factor, was most strongly associated with personal recovery. Health behavior variables associated with recovery included the following: use of alcohol services, having a family physician, consulting a psychologist, use of food banks, consulting fewer professionals and not using drug services. Regarding needs factors, higher numbers of needs, lower severity of unmet health, social and basic needs and absence of mood disorders were also associated with personal recovery. No predisposing factors emerged as significant in the model.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that QOL, needs variables and comprehensive service delivery are important in personal recovery. Services should be individualized to the health, social and basic needs of service users, particularly those with mood disorders or co-occurring mental health/substance use disorders.
Prioritizing Workforce Development Training in State Health Departments Using TRAIN: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Angeloni Magali , Bialek Ron , Petros Michael P. , Fagen Michael C.
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The objectives of this study were (1) to obtain data on the current status of public health workforce training and the use of the Training Finder Real-Time Affiliate Network (TRAIN), a public health learning management platform, in state health departments, and (2) to use the data to identify organizational features that might be affecting training and to determine barriers to and opportunities for improving training.

Methods:

We conducted structured interviews in 2014 with TRAIN administrators and performance improvement managers (n = 14) from 7 state health departments that were using TRAIN to determine training practices and barriers to training. We determined key organizational features of the 7 agencies, including training structure, required training, TRAIN administrators’ employment status (full time or part time), barriers to the use and tracking of core competencies in TRAIN, training needs assessment methods, leadership support of training and staff development, and agency interest in applying for Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation.

Results:

We identified 4 common elements among TRAIN-affiliated state health departments: (1) underuse of TRAIN as a training tool, (2) inadequate ownership of training within the organization, (3) insufficient valuation of and budgeting for training, and (4) emerging collaboration and changing perceptions about training stimulated by agency preparation for accreditation.

Conclusions:

Public health leaders can increase buy-in to the importance of training by giving responsibility for training to a person, centralizing training, and setting expectations for the newly responsible training leader to update training policy and require the use of TRAIN to develop, implement, evaluate, monitor, and report on agency-wide training.
On a general theoretical foundation for endocrinology
Authors: van den Berg Hugo A
Published: February 2019

Hormones are messenger molecules that distribute across all tissues and thus operate on the whole-organism level. Moreover, a given hormone typically affects a number of different biological processes. As such, hormones coordinate concerted cooperation between the cells and tissues of an organism, a phenomenon that has been termed ‘organismal harmony’. Furthermore, a concept that has recently been gaining traction is that hormones mediate or represent life history trade-offs, which are ultimately moulded by evolutionary pressures. Here, this concept is extended to include all ‘decisions’ or ‘choices’ that are made at the organismal level. A formal framework is sketched to explore the proposition that organismal biology, together with the ‘fitness landscape’, suffices in principle to determine minimalistic dynamics of the endocrine system.
Study on the hydrate formation region in a wellbore during Subsea Mudlift Drilling
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Hasan AR , Zhang Bo , ke Ke , Wang Yanhong , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2019

Subsea Mudlift Drilling is a newly developed technology that provides a good solution to the problem of narrow pressure window in deep-water areas. However, current researches on Subsea Mudlift Drilling seldom focus on hydrate formation in a wellbore. Considering the shortcomings of current researches, a heat transfer model is established in this paper considering the specific flow path during Subsea Mudlift Drilling. A numerical model for the pressure profile during Subsea Mudlift Drilling is also established considering the lift force by the subsea pump. On basis of these models, a prediction method for the hydrate formation region is proposed, combining the hydrate phase equilibrium equation. In addition, a series of numerical simulations are conducted, which indicate that hydrate is easier to form during Subsea Mudlift Drilling than during conventional drilling. In order to reduce the hydrate formation region, a smaller head for the subsea pump, smaller diameter of the return line, larger displacement of the drilling fluid, and higher concentrations of inhibitors are suggested during Subsea Mudlift Drilling. On the basis of the numerical simulation results, an optimization method of hydraulic parameters for Subsea Mudlift Drilling is proposed. Conclusions and suggestions in this paper can help engineers to reduce hydrate formation during subsea Mudlift Drilling.
Configurations of Immigrant Integration Policies in Europe: An Exploratory Appraisal
Authors: Pasetti Francesco
Published: February 2019

Today, in all European countries, it is possible to identify a framework of policies addressing immigrants’ integration. By considering the various areas of policies concerned with such a phenomenon, the present study identifies the existence of shared patterns of responses across countries. I do so by introducing the concept of configuration of integration policies (CIP) and relying on a hierarchical cluster analysis. The analysis identifies two main shared‐configurations for dealing with immigrant integration cutting across the East/West cleavage, with the Eastern configuration more restrictive than the Western one, especially in the areas of labor, education, political participation, and citizenship; they are, instead, closer to each other as they pertain to family, residence, and antidiscrimination; namely, in policy areas concerned with salient human rights issues and targeted by European directives. This evidence speaks to the broad debate in the field of immigrant integration policies, paving the way for further research and theoretical speculation.
Determinant Factors of Tourist Expenses
Authors: Park Sangwon , Woo Mina , Nicolau Juan L.
Published: February 2019

The objective of this article is to analyze travel expenses across and within types. The empirical application examines the determinant factors of total expenses, controlling for potential endogeneity, and relies on quantile regression to analyze the effects of information search behavior on the distribution of total expenses as well as accommodation, shopping, food and beverages, and local transportation expenses. The role of information sources in predicting travel spending behaviors is a new dimension in the literature on expenses, and a sample of 48,113 travelers has led to the detection of effects of variables with relevant managerial implications (e.g., while official information centers show positive impacts at the upper levels of accommodation expenses, they present null effects at the highest levels of shopping expenses) as well as theoretical implications (special attention should be drawn to the variable length of stay, which, after being controlled by endogeneity, completely loses its significance).
The Influence of Place Attachment, Ad-Evoked Positive Affect, and Motivation on Intention to Visit: Imagination Proclivity as a Moderator
Authors: Hosany Sameer , Buzova Daniela , Sanz-Blas Silvia
Published: February 2019

Integrating the theoretical foundations of symbolic interactionism, parasocial interaction, direct affect transfer, push and pull motivational framework, and narrative transportation, this study investigates the determinants of tourists’ intention to visit a destination using Heidi, a famous literary and television series persona, as a stimulus. Place attachment, ad-evoked positive affect, and motivation were theorized as antecedents of intention to visit and imagination proclivity as a moderator. The model was tested using data collected from 410 prospective Spanish tourists. Results show motivation and place attachment as key determinants of intention to visit among individuals with higher imagination proclivity, while positive affect was most relevant for individuals with low imagination proclivity. Findings expand our understanding of travel intention toward unvisited destinations, providing empirical support that place attachment, positive affect, and motivation are engendered by prior media exposure and moderated by tourists’ imagination proclivity.
Representation of low and middle income countries in traumatic stress journals from 2006 to 2015
Authors: Robson Brian , Chang Leanne , Kaminer Debra
Published: February 2019

Although the majority of trauma survivors reside in low and middle income countries, these regions have historically been poorly represented in traumatic stress research. However, a recent review of geographic representation within traumatic stress journals is lacking. This study reviewed all articles published between 2006 and 2015 in six leading traumatic stress journals. When articles ( n = 2530) were categorised by region, less than one tenth (9.76%; n = 247) were representative of low and middle income countries. All articles categorised as being from a low and middle income country were then coded for the regional and country representations of samples, author affiliations, and funding sources, and for type of research methodology. The majority of primary author teams (56.28%) and funding sources (55.87%) for articles based in low and middle income countries were located in high-income countries. The majority of low and middle income country articles (71.66%) used structured symptom questionnaires of which more than two thirds (70.6%) assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. These findings indicate that knowledge production about traumatic stress in domain-specific journals reflects a state of ongoing geographic inequality and that research published from low and middle income countries reflects predominantly etic methodologies centred on measuring posttraumatic stress disorder. The implications are discussed and recommendations are offered for developing a research base in domain-specific journals that better represents the experiences and needs of trauma survivors in low and middle income countries.