bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buffer Capacity of Microfiltered Skim Milk Concentrates
Authors: Wolfschoon‐Pombo Alan F. , Böttger Daphne , Lösche Klaus
Published: February 2012

Die Pufferkapazität β von Magermilch (MM), von mikrofiltrierten Magermilchkonzentraten und vom MM‐Verdampferkonzentrat wurde anhand einer titrimetrischen Methode und der van‐Slyke‐Gleichung bestimmt. Die Wirkung verschiedener Pufferpaare wurde durch individuelle Pufferungskurven und pKa‐Werte abgebildet bzw. errechnet. Es zeigten sich lineare Korrelationen zwischen β und dem Casein‐, dem Molkenprotein‐ und dem Aschegehalt. Höhere Trockenmassekonzentrationen durch Konzentrierung mit Mikrofiltration sowie Verdampfung resultieren bei Säuretitration in höheren gemessenen Pufferkapazitäten.
Use of complementary medications among older adults with cancer
Authors: Maggiore Ronald J. , Gross Cary P. , Togawa Kayo , Tew William P. , Mohile Supriya G. , Owusu Cynthia , Klepin Heidi D. , Lichtman Stuart M. , Gajra Ajeet , Ramani Rupal , Katheria Vani , Klapper Shira M. , Hansen Kurt , Hurria Arti ,   on behalf of the Cancer and Aging Research Group
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about complementary medication use among older adults with cancer, particularly those who are receiving chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of complementary medication use and to identify the factors associated with its use among older adults with cancer.

METHODS:

The prevalence of complementary medication use (defined as herbal agents, minerals, or other dietary supplements, excluding vitamins) was evaluated in a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years who were about to start chemotherapy for their cancer. The associations between complementary medication use and patient characteristics (sociodemographics; comorbidities; and functional, nutritional, psychological, and cognitive status), medication use (number of medications and concurrent vitamin use), and cancer characteristics (type and stage) were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The cohort included 545 patients (mean age, 73 years; range, 65‐91 years; 52% women) with cancer (61% stage IV). Seventeen percent of these patients (N = 93) reported using ≥1 complementary medication; the mean number of complementary medications among users was 2 (range, 1‐10 medications). Complementary medication use was associated with 1) earlier cancer stage (29% had stage I‐II disease vs 17% with stage III‐IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21‐3.49) and 2) less impairment with instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.73).

CONCLUSIONS:

Complementary medication use was reported by 17% of older adults with cancer and was more common among those who had less advanced disease (i.e., those receiving adjuvant, potentially curative treatment) and higher functional status. Further studies are needed to determine the association between complementary medication use and cancer outcomes among older adults. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
NY‐ESO‐1 is a ubiquitous immunotherapeutic target antigen for patients with myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
Authors: Pollack Seth M. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Hoch Benjamin L. , Farrar Erik A. , Bleakley Marie , Schneider David J. , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Rodler Eve , Eary Janet F. , Conrad, III Ernest U. , Jones Robin L. , Yee Cassian
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND:

Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is the second most common liposarcoma subtype, accounting for >33% of liposarcomas and approximately 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Although MRCL is a chemosensitive subtype, patients with metastatic disease have a poor outcome. NY‐ESO‐1 is a cancer‐testis antigen (also known as cancer germ cell antigen) that has been successfully targeted in vaccine trials and in adoptive T‐cell therapy trials for the treatment of several solid tumors.

METHODS:

The authors investigated the feasibility of targeting NY‐ESO‐1 in patients with MRCL by evaluating the prevalence of NY‐ESO‐1 expression in tumors using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. NY‐ESO‐1–specific tumor recognition by NY‐ESO‐1–specific T‐cells also was analyzed using a chromium release assay.

RESULTS:

A search of the University of Washington Sarcoma Tissue Bank identified paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from 25 patients with MRCL. NY‐ESO‐1 expression was observed in every MRCL tumor assessed (100%); in 18 tumors (72%), staining was homogenous. In all but 2 tumors, staining was sufficiently robust (2+) that such patients would be eligible for clinical trials of NY‐ESO‐1–directed therapy. By using NY‐ESO‐1 specific, CD8‐positive T‐cells, the in vitro sensitivity of myxoid liposarcoma cell lines to antigen‐specific lysis was demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results establish NY‐ESO‐1 as an important target antigen for the treatment of patients with MRCL. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Use of effect pigments for quality enhancement of offset printed specialty papers
Authors: Debeljak Mirica , Hladnik Aleš , Černe Lidija , Gregor‐Svetec Diana
Published: February 2012

Nowadays, effect pigments are widely used in many printing industries. The colorful effects produced by light scattering of these types of pigments add an additional value to the prints and enhances the overall quality of color appearance. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality enhancement of printed specialty papers with various effect pigments in combination with offset inks. Four different effect pigments were used (one luster pigment‐EP1, two interference pigments‐EP2, EP3, and one multicolor pigment‐EP4) as well as two types of paper substrates (film synthetic paper and wood‐free paper). The effect pigments were overprinted on dried CMYK offset prints on both paper substrates. The following analysis were performed: scanning electron microscopy analysis of effect pigment particles, contact angles of papers and offset prints, Fourier transform infrared spectrocopy (FTIR), principal components analysis (principal components analysis (PCA)), and flop index analysis of overprinted effect pigments, and paper and print gloss. The results of the experiment indicate that effect pigments behaved differently on different printing substrates. From the FTIR and PCA, it was found that the different composition of effect pigments differently influence the behavior of these particles on the final prints. Effect pigments overprinted on offset CMYK inks on both paper substrates enhance print gloss, except interference pigment EP2 on film synthetic paper. It was also found that the ink color has the most pronounced influence on flop index, followed by the papertype and the type of effect pigment. Higher flop index was obtained at wood‐free paper, especially by overprinted pigment EP2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 168–176, 2013.
Color and cyber‐attractiveness: Red enhances men's attraction to women's internet personal ads
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas , Jacob Céline
Published: February 2012

Red is traditionally connected with love and sex. However, the effect of red on human behavior still remains in question. Women with Internet personal ads registered on a web meeting site displayed photographs with their upper clothes colored in red, black, white, yellow, blue, and green. The dependent variable was the number of contacts received from men. It was found that women's ads with red received significantly more contacts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 309–312, 2013
Finding a Voice: A Journey Towards Being Assertive
Authors: Dennis Maxine
Published: February 2012

This is a case study of two depressed women who were able to benefit from a 16‐week course of Interpersonal Psychotherapy. This well‐established brief psychotherapy has become increasingly available throughout the UK. The focus of this biopsychosocial approach that is on change within the patients interpersonal world means a more active goal‐focused approach that addresses symptomatic and emotional concerns using the individuals narrative. In both cases, there was a significant reported change in their depression, initial presenting problems, understanding of their difficulties and interpersonal functioning Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

An effective psychosocial approach to address depression.

The importance of the focus on an individual's narrative within brief therapy.

The utility of a brief therapy for some patients.
Hydroxycinnamate Conjugates as Potential Monolignol Replacements: In vitro Lignification and Cell Wall Studies with Rosmarinic Acid
Authors: Tobimatsu Yuki , Elumalai Sasikumar , Grabber John H. , Davidson Christy L. , Pan Xuejun , Ralph John
Published: February 2012

The plasticity of lignin biosynthesis should permit the inclusion of new compatible phenolic monomers, such as rosmarinic acid (RA) and analogous catechol derivatives, into cell‐wall lignins that are consequently less recalcitrant to biomass processing. In vitro lignin polymerization experiments revealed that RA readily underwent peroxidase‐catalyzed copolymerization with monolignols and lignin oligomers to form polymers with new benzodioxane inter‐unit linkages. Incorporation of RA permitted extensive depolymerization of synthetic lignins by mild alkaline hydrolysis, presumably by cleavage of ester intra‐unit linkages within RA. Copolymerization of RA with monolignols into maize cell walls by in situ peroxidases significantly enhanced alkaline lignin extractability and promoted subsequent cell wall saccharification by fungal enzymes. Incorporating RA also improved cell wall saccharification by fungal enzymes and by rumen microflora even without alkaline pretreatments, possibly by modulating lignin hydrophobicity and/or limiting cell wall cross‐linking. Consequently, we anticipate that bioengineering approaches for partial monolignol substitution with RA and analogous plant hydroxycinnamates would permit more efficient utilization of plant fiber for biofuels or livestock production.
Simultaneous identification of prednisolone and its ten metabolites in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahi Shobha , Beotra Alka , Dubey Sachin , Upadhyay Awanish , Jain Shila
Published: February 2012

The use of prednisolone and prednisone is prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) due to their performance‐enhancing effect. The purpose of the present work was to explore the possibility of identification and detection of various metabolites of prednisolone by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in excretion study samples. Ten metabolites of prednisolone could be identified namely prednisone (11‐oxo metabolite) [M‐1], 6‐β‐OH‐prednisolone [M‐2], 20‐β‐OH‐prednisolone [M‐3], 20‐α‐OH‐prednisolone [M‐4], 20‐α‐OH‐prednisone [M‐5], 20‐β‐OH‐prednisone [M‐6], 2 tetrahydro epimers of 20‐β‐OH‐prednisolone [M‐7], 2 tetrahydro epimers of 20‐α‐OH‐prednisolone [M‐8], 2 tetrahydro epimers of 20‐β‐OH‐prednisone [M‐9], and 2 tetrahydro epimers of 20‐α–OH‐prednisone [M‐10]. Prednisolone was administered in 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐mg dosage to healthy volunteers to study detection of various metabolites. The parent, M‐1, M‐2, and M‐3 could be detected up to 72 h while rest of the metabolites were detectable up to 24 h after drug administration. The detection of newer metabolites of the drug can further be used for confirmatory purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations on carbon isotope ratios and concentrations of urinary formestane
Authors: Piper Thomas , Fusshöller Gregor , Emery Caroline , Schänzer Wilhelm , Saugy Martial
Published: February 2012

The aromatase inhibitor formestane (4‐hydroxy‐androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione, F) is prohibited in sports by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). F possesses only weak androgenic properties and is presumed to be employed in order to suppress estrogen production during the illicit intake of anabolic steroids by athletes.

Former studies additionally showed that F is an endogenous steroid produced in low amounts. According to the regulations of WADA, urinary concentrations above 100 ng/ml are assumed to be due to ingestion of F. To distinguish between endogenous or exogenous sources of urinary F, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is the method of choice.

Therefore, a method to determine the carbon isotope ratio (CIR) of F in urine samples was developed and validated. Routine samples (n = 42) showing concentrations of F above 5 ng/ml were investigated and enabled elucidation of the CIR of endogenous F and subsequent the calculation of a reference limit. A reference population encompassing n = 90 males and females was investigated regarding endogenous concentrations of F.

An excretion study with one male volunteer was conducted to test and validate the developed method and to identify possible impact of F administration on other endogenous steroids.

By CIR determination of F it is clearly possible to elucidate its endogenous or exogenous source. Taking into account the CIR of other target analytes like testosterone, a differentiation between F and androstenedione intake is possible.

In 2011, the first exogenous F below the WADA threshold could be detected by means of the developed IRMS method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Simulation of Power Generation Characteristics of a Disk MHD Generator with High‐Temperature Inert Gas Plasma
Authors: Sakai Tadashige , Matsumoto Masaharu , Murakami Tomoyuki , Okuno Yoshihiro
Published: February 2012

The power generation characteristics of a disk magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) generator with high‐temperature inert gas (argon) plasma have been examined by a time‐dependent two‐dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results based on the experimental conditions show that the enthalpy extraction ratio (= electrical output power/thermal input) can reach above 10%, which surely supports the reasonability of the experimental results. Proper selection of working conditions, especially the inlet total gas temperature, is necessary, since the gas temperature dominantly determines the electrical conductivity in the generator, unlike the conventional seeded plasma MHD generator. It is also found that the plasma is not in the recombination process but in the ionization process, where the ionization degree moderately increases along the flow. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 23–30, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21237
Influence of Grounding Resistance Connecting to Surge Arrester on Effectiveness of Lightning Protection Caused by Direct Hit for Power Distribution Lines
Authors: Takahashi Akihisa , Hidaka Tetsuya , Ishimoto Kazuyuki , Asakawa Akira
Published: February 2012

In Japan, the grounding resistance of surge arresters (Arrs) for the lightning protection of power distribution lines is generally maintained below 30 Ω. Therefore, electric power companies have been spending large amounts of money on the construction and maintenance of low grounding resistances. In this paper, the influence of grounding resistance on lightning protection measures for power distribution lines with both a ground wire (GW) and Arrs is investigated by EMTP analysis and experiments. These results showed that even if the grounding resistance of Arrs becomes high, the effectiveness of lightning protection is hardly decreased. The results also indicated that it is more important for constructing a rational lightning protection system to install a large number of lightning protection devices on power distribution lines than to lower the grounding resistance of Arrs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 10–22, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21280
Synthesis and Stereoselective Interconversion of Chiral 1‐Aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptanes
Authors: Musina Elvira I. , Karasik Andrey A. , Balueva Anna S. , Strelnik Igor D. , Fesenko Tatiana I. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Gerasimova Tatiana P. , Katsyuba Sergey A. , Kataeva Olga N. , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: February 2012

Cyclic seven‐membered bisphosphanes, namely 1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptanes 3–5 (3: 3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐(1‐phenylethyl)‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptane; 4: 1‐[(1R)‐1‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)ethyl]‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptane; 5: 3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylpropyl]‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptane), with chiral exocyclic substituents at the nitrogen positions have been synthesized, with the prevailing formation of meso stereoisomers (PRPS) as kinetically controlled products, by stereoselective condensation of 1,2‐bis(phenylphosphanyl)ethane, formaldehyde and primary optically pure amines, namely (S)‐(–)‐1‐phenylethylamine, (R)‐(+)‐1‐phenylethylamine, (R)‐(+)‐1‐phenylpropylamine, (R)‐(+)‐1‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)ethylamine. The meso stereoisomers of bisphosphanes 3RSS, 3–5RSR readily form neutral and cationic P,P‐chelate complexes 6–9 with platinum(II) (6: cis‐dichloro‐(3R,6S)‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐[(1S)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptaneplatinum(II); 7: cis‐dichloro‐(3R,6S)‐1‐[(1R)‐1‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)ethyl]‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptaneplatinum(II); 8:bis{(3R,6S)‐[(1R)‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐(1‐phenylethyl)‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptane]}platinum(II) dichloride; 9: bis{(3R,6S)‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylpropyl]‐1‐aza‐3,6‐diphosphacycloheptane}platinum(II) dichloride). The fast and selective formation of the cationic complex (9) of the meso isomer 5RSR allowed for the separation of the 5RRR and 5SSR isomers of the bisphosphane 5. In solution, selective stereoconversion of the pure 3RSS, 3RSR and 4RSR isomers into a mixture containing 3RRS, 3SSR and 4SSR stereoisomers as the predominant products was observed. As a result, the stereoconversion is accompanied by a change in not only the value but also in the sign of the specific rotation, [α]D20. The ratio of the stereoisomers in an equilibrium mixture of 3C(S) (3RSS/3RRS/3SSS in a 24:48:28 ratio) is in accord with their relative energies that were calculated with the B3LYP/6‐31G* basis. Kinetic studies of the stereoconversion of bisphosphane 3C(S) have been performed. The rate constants that were determined are indicative of a bimolecular interconversion mechanism, which is supposedly the reason for the relatively low activation energies for inversion at phosphorus. Molecular structures were obtained, by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, for the meso 3RSS and 3RRS stereoisomers of the N‐(S)‐1‐phenylethyl‐substituted bisphosphanes and for 4RSR.
Identification of the HSPB4/TLR2/NF‐κB axis in macrophage as a therapeutic target for sterile inflammation of the cornea
Authors: Oh Joo Youn , Choi Hosoon , Lee Ryang Hwa , Roddy Gavin W. , Ylöstalo Joni H. , Wawrousek Eric , Prockop Darwin J.
Published: February 2012

Sterile inflammation underlies many diseases of the cornea including serious chemical burns and the common dry eye syndrome. In search for therapeutic targets for corneal inflammation, we defined the kinetics of neutrophil infiltration in a model of sterile injury to the cornea and identified molecular and cellular mechanisms triggering inflammatory responses. Neutrophil infiltration occurred in two phases: a small initial phase (Phase I) that began within 15 min after injury, and a larger second phase (Phase II) that peaked at 24–48 h. Temporal analysis suggested that the neuropeptide secretoneurin initiated Phase I without involvement of resident macrophages. Phase II was initiated by the small heat shock protein HSPB4 that was released from injured keratocytes and that activated resident macrophages via the TLR2/NF‐κB pathway. The Phase II inflammation was responsible for vision‐threatening opacity and was markedly suppressed by different means of inhibition of the HSPB4/TLR2/NF‐κB axis: in mice lacking HSPB4 or TLR2, by antibodies to HSPB4 or by TNF‐α stimulated gene/protein 6 that CD44‐dependently inhibits the TLR2/NF‐κB pathway. Therefore, our data identified the HSPB4/TLR2/NF‐κB axis in macrophages as an effective target for therapy of corneal inflammation.
Right‐hemispheric processing of non‐linguistic word features: Implications for mapping language recovery after stroke
Authors: Baumgaertner Annette , Hartwigsen Gesa , Roman Siebner Hartwig
Published: February 2012

Verbal stimuli often induce right‐hemispheric activation in patients with aphasia after left‐hemispheric stroke. This right‐hemispheric activation is commonly attributed to functional reorganization within the language system. Yet previous evidence suggests that functional activation in right‐hemispheric homologues of classic left‐hemispheric language areas may partly be due to processing nonlinguistic perceptual features of verbal stimuli. We used functional MRI (fMRI) to clarify the role of the right hemisphere in the perception of nonlinguistic word features in healthy individuals. Participants made perceptual, semantic, or phonological decisions on the same set of auditorily and visually presented word stimuli. Perceptual decisions required judgements about stimulus‐inherent changes in font size (visual modality) or fundamental frequency contour (auditory modality). The semantic judgement required subjects to decide whether a stimulus is natural or man‐made; the phonologic decision required a decision on whether a stimulus contains two or three syllables. Compared to phonologic or semantic decision, nonlinguistic perceptual decisions resulted in a stronger right‐hemispheric activation. Specifically, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), an area previously suggested to support language recovery after left‐hemispheric stroke, displayed modality‐independent activation during perceptual processing of word stimuli. Our findings indicate that activation of the right hemisphere during language tasks may, in some instances, be driven by a “nonlinguistic perceptual processing” mode that focuses on nonlinguistic word features. This raises the possibility that stronger activation of right inferior frontal areas during language tasks in aphasic patients with left‐hemispheric stroke may at least partially reflect increased attentional focus on nonlinguistic perceptual aspects of language. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attachment models affect brain responses in areas related to emotions and empathy in nulliparous women
Authors: Lenzi Delia , Trentini Cristina , Pantano Patrizia , Macaluso Emiliano , Lenzi Gian Luigi , Ammaniti Massimo
Published: February 2012

Background: The attachment model, as assessed by means of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), is crucial for understanding emotion regulation and feelings of security in human interactions as well as for the construction of the caregiving system. The caregiving system is a set of representations about affiliative behaviors, guided by sensitivity and empathy, and is fully mature in young‐adulthood. Here, we examine how different attachment models influence brain responses in areas related to empathy and emotions in young‐adult subjects with secure and dismissing attachment models. Methods: By means of AAI, we selected 11 nulliparous young‐adult females with a secure model and 12 with a dismissing model. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance, whereas imitating or observing and empathizing with infant facial expressions. Subjects were tested for alexithymia and reflective functioning. Results: Dismissing subjects activated motor, mirror, and limbic brain areas to a significantly greater extent, but deactivated the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and the perigenual anterior cingulated cortex (pACC). During emotional faces, increased activity in dismissing women was seen in the right temporal pole. Furthermore, greater alexithymia was correlated with greater activity in the entorhinal cortex and greater deactivation in the pACC/mOFC. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence of how the attachment model influences brain responses during a task eliciting attachment. In particular, hyperactivation of limbic and mirror areas may reflect emotional dysregulation of infantile experiences of rejection and lack of protection, whereas increased deactivation of fronto‐medial areas may be the expression of the inhibition of attachment behaviors, which is a typical aspect of dismissing attachment. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural substrates of the self‐memory system: New insights from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Martinelli Pénélope , Sperduti Marco , Piolino Pascale
Published: February 2012

The self has been the topic of philosophical inquiry for centuries. Neuropsychological data suggest that the declarative self can be fractionated into three functionally independent systems processing personal information at several levels of abstraction, including episodic memories of one's own life (episodic autobiographical memory, EAM), semantic knowledge of facts about one's own life (semantic autobiographical memory, SAM), and semantic summary representations of one's personal identity (conceptual self, CS). Our proposal here was to present a comprehensive description of the neural networks underpinning self‐representations. To this aim, we performed three meta‐analyses, one each for EAM, SAM, and CS, using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method. We expected a shift from posterior to anterior structures associated with the incrementally increasing level of abstraction of self‐representations. The key finding was that EAM predominantly activates posterior and limbic regions including hippocampus. SAM is associated with anterior activations and also posterior and limbic activations in a lesser degree than EAM. CS mainly recruits medial prefrontal structures. Interestingly, medial prefrontal cortex is activated irrespective of the level of abstraction, but a more caudal part is recruited during CS, while SAM and EAM activate more rostral portions. To conclude, in line with the previous proposals, our results corroborate the idea that the declarative self is not monolithic but a multidimensional construct comprising distinct representations at different levels of abstraction. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleaved practice enhances skill learning and the functional connectivity of fronto‐parietal networks
Authors: Lin Chien‐Ho (Janice) , Chiang Ming‐Chang , Knowlton Barbara J. , Iacoboni Marco , Udompholkul Parima , Wu Allan D.
Published: February 2012

Practice of tasks in an interleaved order generally induces superior learning compared with practicing in a repetitive order, a phenomenon known as the contextual‐interference (CI) effect. Increased neural activity during interleaved over repetitive practice has been associated with the beneficial effects of CI. Here, we used psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to investigate whether the neural connectivity of the dorsal premotor (PM) and the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortices changes when motor sequences are acquired through interleaved practice. Sixteen adults practiced a serial reaction time task where a set of three 4‐element sequences were arranged in a repetitive or in an interleaved order on 2 successive days. On Day 5, participants were tested with practiced sequences to evaluate retention. A within‐subjects design was used so that participants practiced sequences in the other condition (repetitive or interleaved) 2–4 weeks later. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired during practice and retention. On Day 2 of practice, there was greater inter‐regional functional connectivity in the interleaved compared with the repetitive condition for both PM‐seeded and DLPFC‐seeded connectivity. The increased functional connectivity between both seeded regions and sensorimotor cortical areas correlated with the benefit of interleaved practice during later retention. During retention, a significant PPI effect was found in DLPFC‐seeded connectivity, with increased DLPFC‐supplementary motor area connectivity correlated with the benefits of interleaved practice. These data suggest that interleaved practice benefits learning by enhancing coordination of sensorimotor cortical regions, and superior performance of sequences learned under CI is characterized by increased functional connectivity in frontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myth Information and Bizarre Beliefs of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Authors: Lakey Joyce F.
Published: February 2012

The author describes mythical beliefs, thinking errors, and faulty attitudes collected from a group of male juvenile sex offenders. Therapists need this information to develop effective treatment strategies for replacing distortions and misperceptions with correct and moral information as a foundation for change.
An Analysis of Deceptiveness: Incarcerated Prisoners
Authors: BENEDICT LAURA WOLF , LANYON RICHARD I.
Published: February 2012

The problem of deliberate deception in self‐presentation is always of concern in situations where persons have something definite to gain by being viewed in a particular manner. The authors sought to confirm that the item content of the “faking‐good” dimensions and the “faking‐bad” dimensions are distinct from each other, and to identify the item content that is central to each dimension.
THE UNSKILLED WORKER: TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF POVERTY
Authors: Johnson Jerone , Gutsch Kenneth Urial
Published: February 2012

One hundred and sixty illiterate and semi‐literate, disadvantaged adults were studied to determine what they viewed as major problems in living. Most of the problems listed appeared to be related to finances. Some implications for counselors are pointed out.
AN INNOVATION IN THE PREPARATION OF COUNSELOR SUPERVISORS
Authors: Needham John T.
Published: February 2012

Employment Service counselor supervisors were prepared at Indiana University under a contract with the Indiana State Bureau of Employment Security. Our campus program was a combination of didactic and practicum courses. The off campus program consisted of visitation by faculty members to the local offices of the enrollees and involved consulting with the office staff as well as the enrollee. Reaction to the program by total office staffs was favorable.
BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING
Authors: Fuhriman Addie , Pappas James P.
Published: February 2012

There is currently considerable impetus for applying behavioral intervention strategies to a variety of counseling settings. This discussion seeks to extend the application of these procedures to the employment security counseling situation. Unemployment is seen as unadaptive behavior, and its antecedent conditions are examined. Behavioral counseling tactics of goal‐setting, contingency management, counter‐conditioning procedures, and social systems intervention are considered in relation to the employment counselor's repertoire of potential helping responses. A hypothetical case is discussed to illustrate the application of these procedures. This case includes potential applications in systematic desensitization, assertion training, modeling and behavioral rehearsal, manipulation of reinforcement contingencies, and intervention in the employment system.
COUNSELING THE EMOTIONALLY TROUBLED CLIENT FOR PSYCHIATRIC REFERRAL
Authors: Sullivan Dorothy R.
Published: February 2012

From time to time the employment counselor encounters applicants who need referral for psychiatric assistance in order to increase their employability and potential work adjustment. In many instances the client may feel that he has neither an emotional problem nor a need for psychiatric evaluation. The counselor can help the applicant to recognize his problem and to accept a psychiatric referral by using communication alternatives such as reflection of feeling, reflection of experience, sharing of the process experience, interpretation, and confrontation with maintenance of tension. The client can be assisted in evaluating community mental health resources and in arranging for the initial psychiatric evaluation appointment.
THE INCREASING SIGNIFICANCE OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING
Authors: Wykoff Donald H.
Published: February 2012

With changes in the world of work and with increased use of employment services, employment counseling is taking on added significance. The transformation of work realities and attitudes toward work are causing problems that the employment counselor must confront. At the same time the once simple world of work has become increasingly complex. This complexity places additional responsibility on the counselor's shoulders as greater demands are made for his services. Consequently, the employment counselor faces many challenges in offering a unique service.
EMPLOYABILITY DEVELOPMENT TEAMS: THE CONCEPT
Authors: Munger Paul F. , Hemmeter John T.
Published: February 2012

This paper, the first of a series of articles in this issue of the Journal of Employment Counseling dealing with Employability Development Team research of Munger, Johnson, Hemmeter, Lewis, Otto, Smith, Stockton, and Werner (1972) provides an introduction to the background and philosophy of the team concept, the nature of the population served, and the related reports which follow.
State Regulation of Occupational Activity
Authors: HASTINGS EDGAR C. , HUTSON PERCIVAL W.
Published: February 2012

The vocational counselor needs to be informed of the restrictions imposed by government on occupational activities. He must help youth to prepare to meet these specifications which are becoming more numerous. This investigation of the statutes of Pennsylvania may suggest inquiries into the regulation of occupations in other states.
High School Boys Choose Vocations
Authors: NICK E. W.
Published: February 2012

That the thinking of students can be changed when they are supplied with realistic job information is proved in this article. It is interesting also as a specific example of an enterprise undertaken by local business men eager to do their share in aiding the occupational adjustment of youth in the community.
The changing face of healthcare
Authors: Hoppes Michelle
Published: February 2012

There seems to be a theme in many publications, books, and media channels lately, and that theme is change. There are changes in global markets, economic factors, and healthcare reform, to name a few, and change.gov is a government Web site. Much discussion has taken place in the past year or so about embracing change, leading change, and overcoming change through resilience. As I look forward into 2012, I am indeed thinking about change.
Glenoid bone lesions: Comparison between 3D VIBE images in MR arthrography and nonarthrographic MSCT
Authors: Tian Chun‐Yan , Shang Yao , Zheng Zhuo‐Zhao
Published: February 2012

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility of using a fat‐suppressed 3D volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequence in magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography as a substitute for nonarthrographic multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in detecting glenoid bone lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE MR arthrography and MSCT were performed in 56 patients (46 male, 10 female; age range, 14–51 years; mean age, 26 years). Based on the results of MSCT, the sensitivity and specificity of fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE images for detection of bony Bankart lesion and glenoid bone loss were determined. Statistical significance of the percentages of glenoid bone loss between these two methods was calculated.

Results:

Bony Bankart lesions were noted in 23 (41.1%) of 56 glenohumeral joints, and glenoid bone loss was found in 40 (71.4%) of 56 patients at nonarthrographic MSCT. Compared with MSCT, the sensitivity and specificity of fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE images in detecting bony Bankart lesions were 95.7%–100% and 93.9%–97.0%, respectively (kappa value = 0.926), and those in predicting glenoid bone loss were 95.0% and 93.8%, respectively. For quantification of glenoid bone loss, there was a high correlation between fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE and MSCT (r = 0.921, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE MR arthrography is a promising substitute for MSCT as a reliable method for evaluating bony Bankart lesion and glenoid bone loss. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:231–236. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Magnetization spoiling in radial FLASH contrast‐enhanced MR digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Vakil Parmede , Ansari Sameer A. , Hurley Michael C. , Bhat Himanshu , Batjer H. Hunt , Bendok Bernard R. , Eddleman Christopher S. , Carroll Timothy J.
Published: February 2012

Purpose:

To increase the in‐plane spatial resolution and image update rates of 2D magnetic resonance (MR) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) pulse sequences to 0.57 × 0.57 mm and 6 frames/sec, respectively, for intracranial vascular disease applications by developing a radial FLASH protocol and to characterize a new artifact, not previously described in the literature, which arises in the presence of such pulse sequences.

Materials and Methods:

The pulse sequence was optimized and artifacts were characterized using simulation and phantom studies. With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the pulse sequence was used to acquire time‐resolved images from healthy human volunteers and patients with x‐ray DSA‐confirmed intracranial vascular disease.

Results:

Artifacts were shown to derive from inhomogeneous spoiling due to the nature of radial waveforms. Gradient spoiling strategies were proposed to eliminate the observed artifact by balancing gradient moments across TR intervals. The resulting radial 2D MR DSA sequence (2.6 sec temporal footprint, 6 frames/sec with sliding window factor 16, 0.57 × 0.57 mm in‐plane) demonstrated small vessel detail and corroborated x‐ray DSA findings in intracranial vascular imaging studies.

Conclusion:

Appropriate gradient spoiling in radial 2D MR DSA pulse sequences improves intracranial vascular depiction by eliminating circular banding artifacts. The proposed pulse sequence may provide a useful addition to clinically applied 2D MR DSA scans. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:249–258. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of mitochondrial transcription factor a overexpression on motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice
Authors: Morimoto Nobutoshi , Miyazaki Kazunori , Kurata Tomoko , Ikeda Yoshio , Matsuura Tohru , Kang Dongchon , Ide Tomomi , Abe Koji
Published: February 2012

Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying motor neuron (MN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly susceptible to oxidative damage and has little potential for repair, although mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays essential roles in maintaining mitochondrial DNA by reducing oxidative stress, promoting mtDNA transcription, and regulating mtDNA copy number. To analyze a possible therapeutic effect of TFAM on ALS pathology, double transgenic mice overexpressing G93A mutant SOD1 (G93ASOD1) and human TFAM (hTFAM) were newly generated in the present study. Rotarod scores were better in G93ASOD1/hTFAM double‐Tg mice than G93ASOD1 single‐Tg mice at an early symptomatic stage, 15 and 16 weeks of age, with a 10% extension of the onset age in double‐Tg mice. The number of surviving MNs was 30% greater in double‐Tg mice with end‐stage disease, at 19 weeks, with remarkable reductions in the amount of the oxidative stress marker 8‐OHdG and the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3 and with preserved COX1 expression. Double‐immunofluorescence study showed that hTFAM was expressed specifically in MNs and microglia in the spinal cords of double‐Tg mice. The present study suggests that overexpression of TFAM has a potential to reduce oxidative stress in MN and delay onset of the disease in ALS model mice. © 2012 Wiley Priodicals, Inc.
Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have distinct roles in adult mouse olfactory neurogenesis
Authors: Doyle Kharen L. , Hort Yvonne J. , Herzog Herbert , Shine John
Published: February 2012

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are differentially expressed throughout the olfactory neuroepithelium (ON), with NPY expression present in sustentacular cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and olfactory receptor neurons and PYY expressed only in sustentacular cells. Examination of the anatomical morphology of the ON in NPY knockout (NPY−/−) and PYY knockout (PYY−/−) mice shows that there are significantly more neurons in PYY−/− mice and significantly fewer neurons in NPY−/− mice. Interestingly, the mature neurons of NPY−/− mice were undergoing apoptosis. The transcription factor Mash1, which is critical in the production of olfactory precursors, is also differentially expressed in NPY−/− and PYY−/− ON. It is upregulated in the neurons of NPY−/− mice and unchanged in PYY−/− mice. Furthermore, significantly fewer olfactory neurospheres are present in cultures prepared from PYY−/− mice in the first 2 weeks compared with NPY−/− and wild‐type mice. Together these results suggest that, during olfactory neurogenesis, NPY acts as a trophic factor for the maturation and survival of olfactory receptor neurons, whereas PYY has an important role in the regulation of olfactory neuron differentiation. © 2012 Wiley Priodicals, Inc.
A novel multi‐kinase inhibitor pazopanib suppresses growth of synovial sarcoma cells through inhibition of the PI3K‐AKT pathway
Authors: Hosaka Seiichi , Horiuchi Keisuke , Yoda Masaki , Nakayama Robert , Tohmonda Takahide , Susa Michiro , Nakamura Masaya , Chiba Kazuhiro , Toyama Yoshiaki , Morioka Hideo
Published: February 2012

Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with only a modest response to conventional cytotoxic agents. In the present study, we evaluated the potential antitumor effects of a novel anti‐angiogenesis agent, pazopanib, against synovial sarcoma cells. We found that pazopanib directly inhibited the growth of synovial sarcoma cells by inducing G1 arrest. Multiplex analyses revealed that the PI3K‐AKT pathway was highly suppressed in pazopanib‐sensitive synovial sarcoma cells. Furthermore, administration of pazopanib highly suppressed the tumor growth in a xenograft model. Taken together, these results suggest pazopanib as a possible agent against synovial sarcoma and may warrant further clinical studies. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1493–1498, 2012
New Data on South American Camelid Bone Size Changes during Middle‐Late Holocene Transition: Osteometry at Peñas Chicas 1.5 (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Argentinian Puna)
Authors: Aschero C. A. , Izeta A. D. , Hocsman S.
Published: February 2012

Approaching the study of camelid bone size change in the meridional portion of the South Central Andes is a significant subject especially when the assemblages are associated to radiocarbon dates placed at a time of social transition from an extractive to a producer economy. In this sense, this paper presents the results of applying osteometric techniques on a set of 10 elements from the Peñas Chicas 1.5 site dated around 3800 BP. The analysis shows the presence of at least three individuals, one of which corresponds to an Andean guanaco (Lama guanicoe) morphotype. The second and the third are similar in size to a modern llama (Lama glama) in their ‘intermediate’ and ‘cargo’ morphotypes. This is consistent with patterns already seen for sites from the Argentinian and Chilean Puna where the identification of larger individuals than the Andean guanaco modern standard shows the early stages of an increasingly bone size variability of South American camelids. This paper contributes with new data to understand the complex processes that occurred in the South Central Andes that led to the domestication of one of the most conspicuous animals in the archaeological record of the Argentinian Northwest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interest groups in Venezuela: lessons from the failure of a ‘Model Democracy’ and the rise of a Bolivarian democracy
Authors: Gates Leslie C.
Published: February 2012

This article uses the Venezuelan case to shed light on the potential role of interest‐group systems in discrediting liberal democracies and to identify challenges that the region's democracies are likely to confront in constructing effective and fair interest‐group systems. It first analyzes the role Venezuela's interest groups played in discrediting its 40‐year two‐party democracy. It argues that the discrediting of a system heralded by many as the region's ‘model democracy’ cannot be understood by merely assessing how the structure of the group system excluded certain groups. The study shows that the inclusion of certain business interests in visible positions of power also helped discredit the two‐party democracy. The article then compares the above system with the new group system which has emerged since 1998 as part of a new democratic system inspired by Latin America's 19th century Liberator, Simón Bolívar. This comparison reveals that the current system inverts the former system of inclusion and exclusion, even as it has retained a number of the old system's less virtuous features. The implications of the Venezuelan case for the region's democracies are elaborated in the conclusion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The state of psychosocial services in cancer care in the United States
Authors: Deshields Teresa , Zebrack Brad , Kennedy Vicki
Published: February 2012

Objective

In 2009, the APOS commissioned a survey of its members and attendees of the annual meetings in 2008 and 2009. The goal of the survey was to assess the scope of psychosocial support services for cancer patients in the USA.

Methods

Two hundred thirty‐three individuals (27% response rate) completed the survey, which included questions assessing the extent to which respondents' institutions provided informational and psychosocial support services and conducted screening for psychosocial distress.

Results

Respondents were primarily psychologists, although oncologists, nurses, social workers, and others were represented, as well. A broad array of informational and support services were endorsed as being provided to cancer patients, both at no charge or for a fee. Respondents identified social workers as the professionals most often providing psychosocial services to cancer patients. Respondents also indicated that most psychosocial services have not been tailored to fit a culturally diverse population. Furthermore, most of the organizations represented in the survey do not routinely screen cancer patients for psychosocial distress.

Conclusions

A broad range of psychosocial services are provided in cancer treatment settings; however, despite National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Institute of Medicine recommendations, routine screening for distress is not offered in a majority of cancer care organizations. Despite the racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity of the US population, most organizations have not adapted their educational materials nor their psychosocial services to meet the needs of a diverse patient population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.