bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamics in Sepsis
Authors: Ahrens Tom
Published: January 2016

Hemodynamics in sepsis change as sepsis develops. Initial hemodynamics of sepsis often are much different from later stages of sepsis, shifting from low cardiac output states to high cardiac output states. Tissue oxygenation also changes with initial mixed venous oxyhemoglobin (Svo2) or central venous oxyhemoglobin (Scvo2) levels below normal, with later stages reflecting high values. These changes occur as sepsis progresses, producing a marked disturbance in capillary flow and tissue oxygenation. Treatments for these changes in sepsis are different, making the identification of the hemodynamic state essential to optimally treat the patient. Fortunately, hemodynamic monitoring techniques are markedly improved from older techniques such as the pulmonary artery catheter. With noninvasive techniques such as esophageal and external Doppler for measuring hemodynamics, clinicians beyond the intensive care unit can make hemodynamic assessments that were not possible until just recently. This improved assessment should make it much easier to properly identify sepsis and initiate appropriate treatments in a timely manner.
Building a Rapid Response Team
Authors: Halvorsen Lisa , Garolis Salomeja , Wallace-Scroggs Allyson , Stenstrom Judy , Maunder Richard
Published: January 2016

The use of rapid response teams is a relatively new approach for decreasing or eliminating codes in acute care hospitals. Based on the principles of a code team for cardiac and/or respiratory arrest in non—critical care units, the rapid response teams have specially trained nursing, respiratory, and medical personnel to respond to calls from general care units to assess and manage decompensating or rapidly changing patients before their conditions escalate to a full code situation. This article describes the processes used to develop a rapid response team, clinical indicators for triggering a rapid response team call, topics addressed in an educational program for the rapid response team members, and methods for evaluating effectiveness of the rapid response team.
Recombinant Factor VIIa
Authors: Rose Louise
Published: January 2016

Uncontrolled bleeding and coagulopathy are associated with trauma, liver failure, obstetric conditions, and a variety of surgical circumstances, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in the critically ill. Recently, the role of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in the management of uncontrolled bleeding has attracted interest. rFVIIa was initially developed (and licensed) for the treatment of hemophilia. Increasingly, evidence suggests rFVIIa causes cessation of bleeding, improves coagulation markers, and reduces blood product use for treatment of severe bleeding due to other causes. The majority of evidence for nonlicensed use of rFVIIa consists of case reports. Recently, the first randomized controlled trial of rFVIIa in trauma patients reported a significant reduction in red blood cell transfusion, and a trend toward reduced mortality and critical complications. As evidence builds to support the use of rFVIIa, nurses need to be aware of the administration and safety issues of this treatment.
Perspectives on Sedation Assessment in Critical Care
Authors: Olson DaiWai M. , Thoyre Suzanne M. , Auyong David B.
Published: January 2016

Multiple studies have been undertaken to show that neurofunction monitors can correlate to objective sedation assessments. Showing a correlation between these 2 patient assessments tools may not be the correct approach for validation of neurofunction monitors. Two different methods of assessing 2 different modes of the patient’s response to sedation should not be expected to precisely correlate unless the desire is to replace one method with the other. We provide a brief summary of several sedation scales, physiologic measures and neurofunction monitoring tools, and correlations literature for bispectral index monitoring, and the Ramsay Scale and the Sedation Agitation Scale. Neurofunction monitors provide near continuous information about a different domain of the sedation response than intermittent observational assessments. Further research should focus on contributions from this technology to the improvement of patient outcomes when neurofunction monitoring is used as a complement, not a replacement, for observational methods of sedation assessment.
Family Support at End of Life
Authors: Kirchhoff Karin T. , Faas April I.
Published: January 2016

Much of the literature for end of life in the intensive care unit focuses on patients and their treatment. Families are usually present and should be a focus, as well as a resource, in end-of-life plans. Using categories from a recently published Society of Critical Care Medicine guideline on family support during an intensive care unit stay and 7 end-of-life domains, literature retrieved since 2000 was summarized. Topics addressed are decision making, spiritual and cultural support, emotional and practical support of families, including visitation and family preparation for death, and continuity of care.
The Shortage of Nurses and Nursing Faculty
Authors: Siela Debra , Twibell K. Renee , Keller Vicki
Published: January 2016

Nurses are needed more than ever to support the healthcare needs of every American. Nurses make up the greatest single component of hospital staff. In 2004, of the almost 3 million nurses in the United States, 83% were employed in nursing, and 58% of those were employed full-time. However, a severe shortage of nurses exists nationwide, putting the safe, effective healthcare of Americans in jeopardy. The concurrent shortage of nursing faculty has significant impact on the potential for admitting and graduating sufficient numbers of nursing students to address the shortage of prepared nurses. A close examination of the demographics of the 3 million nurses provides a context for an in-depth discussion of strategies that critical care nurses can employ to help alleviate the nursing and nurse faculty shortages.
Effects of Vasopressin in Septic Shock
Authors: Ruggiero Margaret S.
Published: January 2016

Septic shock continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit today. The confluence of many factors contributes to the deterioration of patients’ condition in septic shock. Increased levels of nitric oxide, in part, mediate the cardiovascular effects of septic shock. Nitric oxide is major mediator of vasodilation and hypotension as well as myocardial depression. It also contributes to decreased production and release of endogenous vasopressin. Vasopressin effects are actualized by stimulation of V1, V2, and V3 receptors located in various parts of the body. The response is dose dependent. Endogenous vasopressin and angiotensin II act synergistically to preserve and restore blood pressure levels. Decreased circulating vasopressin contributes to adrenal insufficiency via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and increased catecholamine resistance to vasopressors. Exogenous vasopressin supplementation in physiologic doses has been shown to improve blood pressure levels and decrease vasopressor needs in patients with septic shock.
Management of Communication and Swallowing in Intensive Care
Authors: Baumgartner Christina A. , Bewyer Emily , Bruner Diane
Published: January 2016

Patients in adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care settings often require the services of a speech-language pathologist. It is common practice to consult a speech pathologist to determine whether a patient is ready to initiate oral intake or help a patient with an artificial airway communicate. Assessments for dysphagia are initially clinical and conducted at bedside. Results from the clinical evaluation help determine if and when an instrumental examination should be completed. Patients who are tracheostomized, or had been, and those who were intubated for a prolonged period are at risk for aspiration. Speaking valves allow patients to communicate orally. Some studies have shown that speaking valves might also reduce the risk of aspiration with oral intake. Collaboration between speech-language pathologists and critical care nurses is a vital component for ensuring patient safety and success in both communication and eating.
Nurse Manager Orientation
Authors: Hawkins Anne , Carter Kelly , Nugent Mary
Published: January 2016

On the basis of the principles of management and leadership, our organization has worked over the years to formalize the orientation program for new nurse managers. This program meets the needs of new nurse managers and responds to today’s complex health care system needs. This article describes the components of a nurse manager orientation program for the novice nurse manager and methods for evaluating nurse manager effectiveness.
Falls and Patient Mobility in Critical Care
Authors: Flanders Sonya A. , Harrington Linda , Fowler Rita J.
Published: January 2016

Creating safe passage for patients is a priority in hospitals across the United States, a priority in which critical care and advanced practice nurses play a crucial role. Three unique but related areas within this safety framework are fall prevention, the emerging practice of early mobility in intensive care, and safe patient handling. This article explores these 3 topics in tandem to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to guide fall prevention strategies, to explore patient safety associated with early mobility in intensive care units, and, because mobilizing patients is physically demanding for health care workers, to describe safe patient-handling techniques aimed at injury prevention for critical care nurses and others. A review of what is currently known about falls, effects of mobility, and safe patient handling provides a foundation for practice considerations and reveals research opportunities.
Strategies for Promoting Early Activity in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Hopkins Ramona O. , Spuhler Vicki J.
Published: January 2016

Prolonged immobilization plays a significant role in neuromuscular abnormalities and complicates the clinical course of a majority of critically ill patients. Immobilization in critically ill patients is associated with significant morbidity and impaired physical function. Overuse of sedation, sleep deprivation, immobility, and the development of delirium are all intensive care unit (ICU) factors that may negatively impact patient outcomes. Ambulation of critically ill patients is difficult with risk for adverse events. However, with a dedicated and trained team and culture change, early ICU mobility can be a feasible and safe process. Early mobility has potential as a therapy to prevent or treat the neuromuscular complications of critical illness. ICU culture can be transformed in a way that leads to improved and more reliable treatments and care, including early activity and mobility.
Symptom Identification in the Chronically Critically Ill
Authors: Campbell Grace B. , Happ Mary Beth
Published: January 2016

Ascertaining the symptom experience of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients is difficult because of communication impairment and fluctuations in patient cognition and physiologic conditions. The use of checklist self-report ratings is hampered by the inability of most CCI patients to respond verbally to symptom queries. In addition to the communication problems caused by mechanical ventilation, the apparently diverse idioms of symptom expression add to the potential for miscommunication regarding symptom experience. Although patient communication impairment is a major barrier to symptom identification, symptom assessment and treatment are fundamental components of nursing care for CCI. This article reviews and describes the unique constellation of symptoms experienced by many critically ill patients. We report our observations of symptom communication among CCI patients and nurses and discuss inconsistency in the language of symptom expression among nurses and patients. Clinically applicable strategies to improve nurse-patient symptom communication and suggestions for refinement of symptom assessment in chronic critical illness are provided.
Intra-abdominal Hypertension
Authors: Gallagher John J.
Published: January 2016

Intra-abdominal hypertension occurs in 50% of all patients admitted to the intensive care unit and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intra-abdominal hypertension is defined as a sustained, pathologic rise in intra-abdominal pressure to 12 mm Hg or more. Patients with intra-abdominal hypertension may progress to abdominal compartment syndrome. Early identification and treatment of this condition will improve patient outcome. Patients at risk for intra-abdominal hypertension include those with major traumatic injury, major surgery, sepsis, burns, pancreatitis, ileus, and massive fluid resuscitation. Predisposing factors include decreased abdominal wall compliance, increased intraluminal contents, increased peritoneal cavity contents, and capillary leak/fluid resuscitation.
Advancing Critical Care
Authors: Bridges Elizabeth , Biever Kimberlie
Published: January 2016

Despite the severity and complexity of injuries, survival rates among combat casualties are equal to or better than those from civilian trauma. This article summarizes the evidence regarding innovations from the battlefield that contribute to these extraordinary survival rates, including preventing hemorrhage with the use of tourniquets and hemostatic dressings, damage control resuscitation, and the rapid evacuation of casualties via MEDEVAC and the US Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams. Care in the air for critically injured casualties with pulmonary injuries and traumatic brain injury is discussed to demonstrate the unique considerations required to ensure safe en route care. Innovations being studied to decrease sequelae associated with complex orthopedic and extremity trauma are also presented. The role and contributions of the Joint Combat Casualty Research Team and the Joint Theater Trauma System are also discussed.
The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Celi A. , Marconi L. , Villari L. , Palla A.
Published: January 2016

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging, and autoptic series have demonstrated that a high percentage of cases are not recognized ante-mortem. A number of predisposing factors, symptoms and signs associated with pulmonary embolism have been recognized, and should be used to raise the suspicion of the disease. These include immobilization, recent surgery, active cancer, previous thromboembolism, syncope, dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, signs of deep vein thrombosis, hypocarbic hypoxemia. Once pulmonary embolism is suspected, the clinical probability of the disease should be assessed; to this end, three clinical rules have been proposed and validated (the revised Geneva score, the Wells score and the PISA-PED score) while others await clinical validation. In case of low clinical probability, a negative a D-dimer test is sufficient to rule out the diagnosis, while if the clinical probability is high, or the Ddimer test is positive, further tests are necessary. Computer tomography angiography or perfusion lung scan are the imaging tests of choice, depending on local availability and experience. If the clinical probability and the results of the imaging test are concordant, a definitive diagnosis can be obtained; if the results are discordant, further testing is necessary. In particular, in the specific case of a small clot (i.e. segmental or subsegmental) incidentally recognized at a computer tomography obtained for other reasons in a patient without a clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism, an occurrence whose frequency is rapidly increasing in clinical practice, a final diagnosis cannot be made without further confirmatory testing.
Feasibility of short term drainage for diagnostic thoracoscopy
Authors: Breen D.P. , Mallawathantri S. , Fraticelli A. , Greillier L. , Astoul P.
Published: January 2016

Background and Aim. Thoracoscopy is a diagnostic tool superior to other available techniques for the assessment of pleural effusions. There are numerous publications that describe the technique in detail but there is very little published on the optimal time of chest drain removal post procedure. Our aim was to retrospectively study all cases of diagnostic thoracoscopy and to ascertain the time of chest drain removal, length of hospital stay and associated complications. Methods. All patients who underwent thoracoscopy during a 6-year period were identified from a computerised database. Patients who received talc for pleurodesis were excluded as they required longer drainage time. A review of the remaining patients’ charts and radiology was performed to ascertain the predefined outcomes. Results. 124 patients had a diagnostic thoracoscopy. The time to chest drain removal was documented as less than four hours, four to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours and greater than 48 hours in 66 (53.2%), 29 (23.4%), 12 (9.7%) and 17 (13.7%) of patients respectively. The median length of stay for all patients was one day (interquartile range, 1-4 days). There was a statistically significant difference in overall length of hospital stay between the early (48 hours) chest drain removal groups, p=0.0028. The overall complication rate was 15.9%. There was no statistical difference in complication rates between the two groups. Conclusion. This retrospective series demonstrates that early chest drain removal post diagnostic thoracoscopy is possible and safe. This is likely to confer economic benefits.
PREDICTING SOLAR RADIATION FOR TROPICAL ISLANDS FROM RAINFALL DATA
Authors: Sendanayake Sisuru , Miguntanna Nandika , Jayasinghe M. T. R.
Published: January 2016

There are many correlations developed to predict incident solar radiation at a given location developed based on geographical and meteorological parameters. However, all correlations depend on accurate measurement and availability of weather data such as sunshine duration, cloud cover, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures etc, which essentially is a costly exercise in terms of equipment and labour. Sri Lanka being a tropical island of latitudinal change of only 30 along the length of the country, the meteorological factors govern the amount of incident radiation. Considering the cloud formation and wind patterns over Sri Lanka as well as the seasonal rainfall patterns, it can be observed that the mean number of rainy days can be used to predict the monthly average daily global radiation which can be used for calculations in solar related activities conveniently.
A SEA BREEZE NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND CIRCULATION ANALYSIS IN ORAN, ALGERIA, URBAN ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Benlefki Abdelkrim , Douaiba Benouada , Abbes Azzi
Published: January 2016

In this paper the sea breeze dynamics in Oran agglomeration atmosphere, in the north Algeria, is investigated and analyzed by a numerical simulation of Oran agglomeration atmosphere, using SUBMESO model during diurnal cycle of June 24, 2010, in order to predict the spatio-temporal starting of sea breeze, its intensity and relative direction through atmospheric flow variations analysis, and to evaluate the role of thermal circulations on sea breeze direction, intensity and ventilation and its effect on pollutant transport. The study of this area has not been investigated or analyzed in any framework, the numerical simulation was preceded by a topographic and surface data processing in order to generate the grid simulation, with a specific characteristics used by the SUBEMESO and SM2-U (Soil Model for Sub-Meso scales Urbanized) models. This simulation allowed us to know all sea breeze characteristics during the study period.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF LAKE HAWASSA FOR MULTIPLE DESIGNATED WATER USES
Authors: Worako Adimasu Woldesenbet
Published: January 2016

Lake Hawassa is one of the Major Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes which is situated in southern regional state, which has a closed basin system and receives water from only Tikurwuha River and runoff from the catchment. Quality of the lake water is vital for the surrounding community for proper and safe use of the lake. The present study was designed to examine the physicochemical and biological water quality suitability for multiple purposes and to determine trophic state index of the lake for a period of three months from December to February, 2011/12. Water samples were collected from the lake on monthly basis and analyzed for all water quality parameters by using standard methods. Data analysis was performed by descriptive, multivariate analysis (MANOVA%
A 3D Monte Carlo method for estimation of patient-specific internal organs absorbed dose for 99m Tc-hynic-Tyr 3 -octreotide imaging
Authors: Momennezhad Mehdi , Nasseri Shahrokh , Zakavi Seyed , Parach Ali , Ghorbani Mahdi , Asl Ruhollah
Published: January 2016

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based tracers are easily available and more widely used than positron emission tomography (PET)-based tracers, and SPECT imaging still remains the most prevalent nuclear medicine imaging modality worldwide. The aim of this study is to implement an image-based Monte Carlo method for patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) absorbed dose calculation in patients after injection of 99m Tc-hydrazinonicotinamide (hynic)-Tyr 3 -octreotide as a SPECT radiotracer. 99m Tc patient-speciﬁc S values and the absorbed doses were calculated with GATE code for each source-target organ pair in four patients who were imaged for suspected neuroendocrine tumors. Each patient underwent multiple whole-body planar scans as well as SPECT imaging over a period of 1-24 h after intravenous injection of 99m hynic-Tyr 3 -octreotide. The patient-specific S values calculated by GATE Monte Carlo code and the corresponding S values obtained by MIRDOSE program differed within 4.3% on an average for self-irradiation, and differed within 69.6% on an average for cross-irradiation. However, the agreement between total organ doses calculated by GATE code and MIRDOSE program for all patients was reasonably well (percentage difference was about 4.6% on an average). Normal and tumor absorbed doses calculated with GATE were slightly higher than those calculated with MIRDOSE program. The average ratio of GATE absorbed doses to MIRDOSE was 1.07 ± 0.11 (ranging from 0.94 to 1.36). According to the results, it is proposed that when cross-organ irradiation is dominant, a comprehensive approach such as GATE Monte Carlo dosimetry be used since it provides more reliable dosimetric results.
Laxative related primary hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis identified by bone scintigraphy
Authors: Asokendaran Marcus , Lenzo Nat
Published: January 2016

We describe a case of a 40-year-old female patient presenting with tumor calcinosis where hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) was suspected given her extensive history of malignancy. Plain X-rays did not show reveal the typical periarticular calcification but did show appearances consistent with HPOA. Bone scintigraphy with 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) is a sensitive investigation in the detection of hypertrophic osteoarthopathy but did not show findings characteristics of HPOA like bilateral symmetrical increased uptake of the radiopharmaceutical along the cortical margins of the long bones. The final diagnosis of tumor calcinosis was only made after low dose computerized tomography chest showed a moderated sized amorphous calcified cluster in the apical segment of the right upper lobe consistent. In conclusion, bone scintigraphy continues to be a useful investigation for both common and rare conditions like tumor calcinosis. The unusual three phase bone scan finding of diffuse activity throughout both lung fields, which turned to out to be tumoral calcinosis is highlighted in this case.
Empresas de tecnologia da informação com foco na economia sustentável
Authors: Teixeira Robson Da Silva , Souza Rodrigo Otavio Lopes de
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p100

O presente artigo discute o modo como o conhecimento é utilizado no desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. A pesquisa foi elaborada a partir do mapeamento de quatro empresas que trabalham com tecnologia de informação, com o intuito de analisar qualitativamente a relevância dessas empresas no cenário econômico do país e como elas lidam com o “produto conhecimento”. Os resultados evidenciaram o investimento, por parte de todas as empresas estudadas, na qualificação da sua equipe de trabalho e na gestão da qualidade de seus produtos e serviços. Por fim, conclui-se que há muito espaço para a tecnologia da informação crescer no Brasil, basta investir em Inovação.
Perspectivas e Desafios na Transparência das Contas Públicas: um estudo numa Instituição de Ensino Superior brasileira
Authors: Gama Janyluce Rezende , Rodrigues Georgete Medleg
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p2

Este artigo visa analisar o processo de implementação da lei de acesso à informação (LAI) numa universidade federal brasileira e identificar as perspectivas e desafios dos gestores públicos em relação a esta legislação. Para isto, utilizou como metodologia uma abordagem qualitativa, que envolve a pesquisa de campo com a coleta de dados realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários. Os resultados mostram que no processo de implementação da LAI foi realizado um plano de ações, porém, este não foi implementado, pois o governo federal disponibilizou um sistema de uso obrigatório para todos os órgãos do executivo federal. Em relação às perspectivas dos gestores, o item que parece ter mais chances de se realizar foi “mais transparência nas contas de contratos, balanços, relatórios de auditoria, etc.” Sobre os desafios, o item que mais se ressaltou foi “a falta de infraestrutura dos sistemas de informação e demais tecnologias”. Conclui-se que faltam ações de apoio do governo federal para a efetiva implementação da LAI.
Democracia e os discursos de ódio religioso: O debate entre Dworkin e Waldron sobre os limites da tolerância
Authors: Consani Cristina Foroni
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p174Este artigo analisa as divergências que permeiam o debate entre dois jusfilósofos liberais contemporâneos, a saber, Ronald Dworkin e Jeremy Waldron, a respeito da relação entre democracia, tolerância e os discursos de ódio religioso. Primeiramente, são apresentados os argumentos de Dworkin segundo os quais qualquer tentativa do Estado de impor limites a discursos e manifestações de ódio religioso viola o direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão e, por conseguinte, afeta a legitimidade democrática. A seguir, apresenta-se o posicionamento de Waldron segundo o qual restrições legais aos discursos de ódio são necessárias para assegurar que a intolerância não solape os princípios e valores democráticos. Por fim, avalia-se em que medida as propostas dos autores conseguem apresentar respostas satisfatórias para a relação entre religião, democracia e tolerância.
Democracia e os discursos de ódio religioso: O debate entre Dworkin e Waldron sobre os limites da tolerância
Authors: Consani Cristina Foroni
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p174

Este artigo analisa as divergências que permeiam o debate entre dois jusfilósofos liberais contemporâneos, a saber, Ronald Dworkin e Jeremy Waldron, a respeito da relação entre democracia, tolerância e os discursos de ódio religioso. Primeiramente, são apresentados os argumentos de Dworkin segundo os quais qualquer tentativa do Estado de impor limites a discursos e manifestações de ódio religioso viola o direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão e, por conseguinte, afeta a legitimidade democrática. A seguir, apresenta-se o posicionamento de Waldron segundo o qual restrições legais aos discursos de ódio são necessárias para assegurar que a intolerância não solape os princípios e valores democráticos. Por fim, avalia-se em que medida as propostas dos autores conseguem apresentar respostas satisfatórias para a relação entre religião, democracia e tolerância.
O republicanismo laico francês e a proibição do uso do véu
Authors: Reich Evania Elizete
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p198O artigo discute o tema da laicidade republicana francesa e a questão da proibição do uso do véu nas escolas pelas meninas muçulmanas. São três os principais objetivos deste artigo: o primeiro é situar o discurso laicista na tradição republicada francesa, o segundo é apresentar os seus argumentos em defesa à proibição do uso véu, e por último, sublinhar algumas críticas que são feitas ao pensamento laicista, seja por parte de uma corrente de esquerda francesa, seja por parte de um movimento feminista representada por mulheres tanto muçulmanas quanto não muçulmanas.
O republicanismo laico francês e a proibição do uso do véu
Authors: Reich Evania Elizete
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p198

O artigo discute o tema da laicidade republicana francesa e a questão da proibição do uso do véu nas escolas pelas meninas muçulmanas. São três os principais objetivos deste artigo: o primeiro é situar o discurso laicista na tradição republicada francesa, o segundo é apresentar os seus argumentos em defesa à proibição do uso véu, e por último, sublinhar algumas críticas que são feitas ao pensamento laicista, seja por parte de uma corrente de esquerda francesa, seja por parte de um movimento feminista representada por mulheres tanto muçulmanas quanto não muçulmanas. 

 
Charlie hebdo: sobre a democracia francesa
Authors: Muniz Jordan Michel
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p252Discutirei os assassinatos no jornal Charlie Hebdo a partir de questões ligadas à religião, à democracia e à liberdade, nesta ordem. Primeiro, irei apresentar aspectos sociais e econômicos da vida dos imigrantes na França, seguidos por fatos da história da dominação imposta aos países abandonados pelos imigrantes. Depois, vou recorrer a Judith Butler e à teoria do discurso para mostrar como a exclusão social foi materializada na França, e defender que uma grave desigualdade política cinde a sociedade francesa, originando revoltas. Problemas de caráter racial foram convertidos em contenda religiosa, fixando identidades antagônicas que barram a interação. Por último, irei apontar a necessidade de transformação da democracia francesa, de modo a dar cidadania efetiva a todos os imigrantes. Converter o conflito religioso atual em embate político permitirá estender os direitos sociais e humanos a todos e valorizar as liberdades democráticas. Talvez por este caminho venha a ser possível a França e outros países europeus construírem uma sociedade realmente igualitária em termos sociais e políticos, com liberdades plenas para todos.
Estado laico e interferência religiosa
Authors: Pinzani Alessandro
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p279

O artigo analisa diferentes discursos que, neste momento, estão sendo formulados sobre a religião na esfera pública. Não se falará nele da religião ou das religiões, mas da maneira na qual esses temas são percebidos e discutidos na opinião pública ocidental, em particular europeia, pois essa discussão tem algo relevante para a discussão sobre o papel da religião na sociedade brasileira. Serão considerados três discursos que serão denominados respectivamente de (1) “determinismo cultural”, (2) “anti-religiosidade seletiva” e (3) “laicismo estatal”. A intenção do artigo é apontar para os erros lógicos e categoriais e para as incoerências presentes nesses discursos que dominam o atual debate sobre o lugar da religião em geral e do Islã em particular nas sociedades ocidentais.
Direito à vida e a personalidade do feto, aborto e religião no contexto brasileiro:Mulheres entre a vida e a morte
Authors: Rosendo Daniela , Gonçalves Tamara Amoroso
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p300

A discussão sobre aborto no Brasil é frequentemente permeada por argumentos religiosos travestidos de argumentos jurídicos. Em um Estado guiado pelo princípio da laicidade, moralidades religiosas não devem interferir em políticas públicas e nem mesmo na formulação de leis. Este artigo busca investigar o arcabouço normativo brasileiro, verificando se há subsídios suficientes, do ponto de uma ética pautada em direitos humanos, para proibir a realização do aborto eletivo com base na preservação do direito à vida e à personalidade dos fetos. Mais especificamente, analisa o direito à vida e à personalidade no direito brasileiro, percorrendo também um pouco do histórico das variações relacionadas ao posicionamento da Igreja Católica sobre o tema do aborto e seu consequente impacto no direito brasileiro. Percebe-se que têm sido utilizados argumentos religiosos para impedir o reconhecimento do direito à interrupção voluntária da gravidez, com pleno exercício da autonomia da mulher e do reconhecimento dos seus direitos como sujeito histórico e político. Essa proibição tem acarretado a morte de milhares de mulheres em todo o mundo, razão pela qual é fundamental refletir sobre os argumentos que obstam o avanço legislativo, mantidos pelo discurso masculinista antiabortista (Tiburi), que torna as mulheres referentes ausentes (Adams).
Da inteligibilidade téorica à racionalidade ética em Levinas
Authors: Alves Marcos Alexandre
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p353O texto indaga acerca do núcleo das confrontações do pensamento contemporâneo, para mostrar qual é o lugar que corresponde, nesse contexto, à Levinas. Neste sentido, mostraremos, em primeiro lugar, o motivo principal pelo qual, tem-se produzido, nos últimos anos, uma revalorização do pensamento de Levinas, a saber, a virada ética contemporânea; em segundo lugar, ilustraremos uma das noções básicas da proposta filosófica levinasiana, que se encontra em íntima relação com os problemas que o pensamento contemporâneo tem desenvolvido: racionalidade ética como abertura à diferença não indiferente – alteridade.
Kiezen voor een persoonsgebonden budget
Authors: Marangos Anna Maria , De Klerk Mirjam , Iedema Jurjen , Groenewegen Peter P.
Published: January 2016

Choosing a personal budget: do differences in local policy concerning personal budgets lead to access inequalities? Dutch municipal authorities have a statutory duty to offer people who apply for support (by way of the Social Support Act) a choice between receiving support
in kind or in the form of a personal budget, but are free to set their own policy regarding who is offered a personal budget and how attractive the personal budget option is. This policy freedom may manifest itself in how actively local authorities inform applicants about the possibility of
a personal budget, the level of personal budget rates and the support local authorities offer in administering the personal budget.Earlier research has focused mainly on the characteristics of personal budget-holders (the micro-level). The present study not only considers the impact of
those individual characteristics, but also investigates what impact differences in the policy on personal budgets between local authorities (the meso-level) has on how well informed people are about personal budgets and on the extent to which this form of support is chosen. In a structured
verbal interview, we interviewed 1,026 applicants who had been ruled eligible for domestic help. Choosing a personal budget was an option for these applicants. The applicants lived in 70 municipalities for which we also had policy data, and we were therefore able to relate the data across
the municipalities. Since we used a clustered sample (first selecting municipalities and then applicants within them), multilevel analyses were performed.Older persons and people with a sudden onset disability were less often informed about the possibility of a personal budget than younger
people and people with a gradually deteriorating disability. Higher educated people were more often informed than low-educated people. Other characteristics at individual and policy level had no influence on the extent to which people were informed about the personal budget. The degree to
which people opt for a personal budget is explained mainly by the degree to which applicants were informed about this possibility. The inequality in choosing a personal budget between municipalities could be reduced relatively simply, by ensuring that people are properly informed.
Veranderingen in overwegingen van topmanagers over werk-privébeleid tijdens de economische crisis
Authors: Been Wike M. , den Dulk Laura , van der Lippe Tanja
Published: January 2016

Summary Changes in top managers’ considerations around work-life arrangements during the economic crisisIn this article we ask the question how the considerations of top managers regarding organizational work-life policies have changed during the recent
time of economic crisis and how these changes can be understood from the organizational context. The result of the comparison of semi-structured interviews held in 2008 and again in 2011 show that top managers have become more cost-aware during the economic crisis. Considerations of top managers
around work-life policies tend to focus more on consequences for the organization, rather than on employee needs. At the same time we see that work-life policies are increasingly perceived by the top managers as integral part of their organizational policies. Top managers combine this sense
of increased integration of work-life arrangements with their increased focus on consequences for the organization by setting conditions for the use of policies by employees ensuring that it will not harm the organization.
In wiens voordeel werkt selectie aan het begin van het voortgezet onderwijs?
Authors: Dronkers Jaap
Published: January 2016

Summary Who profits of selection into secondary education tracks? A new approach to an old question[1]Recently Dunne (2010) and Dronkers, van der Velden & Dunne (2011) introduced a three-level model: countries, schools, and students to analyze effects
of educational systems. They showed that school characteristics like socioeconomic composition seem to mediate some of the effects of educational system characteristics. However their results contradict the consensus about the effects of educational systems on outcomes and inequality, which
is exclusively based on a two-level model: countries and students. In this article I try to solve a serious omission in these contradicting two- and three-level analyses (no early scholastic ability) by analyzing Dutch longitudinal data (VOCL 1989), and test hypotheses derived from a three-level
model. My analyses show that 1. The relation between parental education and early scholastic ability differs in more or less selective tracks: stronger in the less selective tracks and weaker in the more selective tracks. 2. The strength of the effect of parental education on getting a recommendation
for the most suited track and on attending a track in the first or second year is smaller than the strength of early scholastic ability. 3. Both parental education and socio-economic school composition are not longer significantly related with the performance score in the third year, but that
track has a substantial effect on that performance. Parental education has still significant effects on the language score in the third year, but only in the less selective tracks, while parental education has no effect in the more selective tracks. These results would be predicted by the
three-level model, but not by a two-level model, and thus contradict the consensus, based on a two-level analysis without early scholastic ability.
De partnerrelaties van mannelijke gedetineerden vóór detentie
Authors: van Schellen Marieke , Hogerbrugge Martijn , Nieuwbeerta Paul , van der Lippe Tanja , Dirkzwager Anja
Published: January 2016

Summary The partner relationships of male prisoners prior to incarcerationA comparative study between prisoners and the general populationThe current study examines the partner relationships of male prisoners prior to incarceration. Earlier
studies on prisoners’ partner relationships exclusively focused on the period during or after incarceration. However, knowledge on the pre-detention period is essential to establish any causal effects of incarceration on partner relationships. We describe a wide variety of aspects of
prisoners’ partner relationships: relationship history, current relationship status, and characteristics of the current relationship (quality, support, conflict, and partner violence). In addition, we make a direct comparison with partner relationships among the general population. We
use unique data from the Prison Project (N = 1,909) and the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS; N = 2,718). The results show that prisoners’ relationship histories are more instable, and characterized by less traditional relationship forms. Prior to imprisonment, partner
relationships appear to be already more problematic. The findings stress the importance of including pre-detention partner relationship information in studies on the impact of incarceration. Also, they shed light on the potential role of justice officials in offering guidance on prisoners’
partner relationships.
Welcome to the club?
Authors: Schroyens Maarten , Meuleman Bart , Galle Jolien
Published: January 2016

Summary Welcome to the club? A comparative analysis of the relation between integration policy and welfare chauvinism.This article contributes to research on welfare chauvinism, i.e. the opinion that access to social security should be granted exclusively
to people who belong to the own ethnic-cultural group. Whereas previous research has focused mainly on individual explanations for welfare chauvinism, such as education or authoritarianism, the current paper scrutinizes the relationship between national policy ‐ and more specifically
integration policy ‐ and welfare chauvinism. For this purpose, we use three theoretical frameworks that lead to opposing hypotheses. Ethnic competition theory, on the one hand, suggests that more generous integration policies can induce welfare chauvinistic attitudes in the native population,
whereas policy feedback and policy responsiveness mechanisms, on the other, predict that a more generous integration policy could lead to a decrease in welfare chauvinism. To test these hypotheses, we use data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX)
for 23 European countries. The results support policy feedback and policy responsiveness. More generous integration policies go hand in hand with lower levels of welfare chauvinism.
Depressieklachten onder Turkse en Marokkaanse Nederlanders van de eerste generatie
Authors: Bekker Ellen , Gesthuizen Maurice
Published: January 2016

Summary Depressive symptoms among Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands: the impact of disintegration and locus of controlPrevious research showed that especially Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands run a higher risk of experiencing
symptoms of a depressive disorder than indigenous Dutch people. In this study we aim to explain why some Turkish and Moroccan migrants experience these symptoms of depressive disorder to a higher degree than other members of these groups. We used cross-sectional data from the Dutch Life Course
Study (Nederlandse Levensloop Studie). Although one indicator of social disintegration, experienced loneliness, appeared to be the most important predictor for symptoms of a depressive disorder among these migrant groups, indicators of economic and psychological disintegration were also clear
predictors for these symptoms. However, psychological disintegration, which we theorized to be the final stage of integration and therefore serves as a mediator, was unable to explain the relationships of economic and social disintegration with depressive symptoms. Moreover, taking the locus
of control into account, appeared to provide important nuances for interpreting these effects: for those who experience more control over their lives, disintegration in the domains mentioned is less strongly linked with depressive symptoms than for those who experience less control over their
lives.
De wankele empirische basis van het onderwijsachterstandenbeleid
Authors: Driessen Geert
Published: January 2016

Summary The frail empirical foundation of the educational disadvantage policyEducational opportunities are influenced by factors lying in the home situation of the children. In order to compensate for unfavorable circumstances, the Dutch government launched
the educational disadvantage policy in the 1970s. The core of this policy is the so-called weighted student funding system. This policy instrument departs from the premise that students can be discerned according to level of disadvantage, and that schools with disadvantaged students should
receive extra financial resources accordingly to combat educational delays. When this system was developed in the early 1980s, three indicators of disadvantage were applied, viz. parental educational level, occupational level, and country of birth. Analyses performed at the time showed a predictive
validity estimate of 0.50, or 25 percent of explained variance in the students’ educational attainment. In the course of years the demographic circumstances have changed and the funding system has been adapted. Nowadays there only is one indicator of disadvantage left, that is, parental
educational level. Analyses performed on data from the 2014 measurement wave of the national large-scale COOL5-18 cohort study show a validity estimate of 0.20, or no more than 4 percent of explained variance. It is argued that the empirical foundation of the educational disadvantage
policy has become questionably frail and that instead of employing demographical family characteristics, focusing on the actual performance of children based on test achievement or teacher observations probably offers a more valid alternative.
Ziet men een tegenstelling tussen jong en oud?
Authors: Pauw Rodinde , Maas Ineke
Published: January 2016

Summary Do people perceive a conflict between the young and old? A study on the influence of social identification, competition, and contactIn this study we ask to what extent the Dutch population perceives a conflict between the young and old and how we
can explain this. We use Social Identification Theory, Realistic Conflict Theory, and Contact Theory to derive hypotheses. These are tested with newly collected data on a representative sample of the Dutch population which are analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling. A considerable part
of the population perceives conflicting interests between the young and old, but fewer people see a real conflict. In line with Realistic Conflict Theory people who experience incompatible interests between age groups in the labor market also perceive a larger conflict between young and old.
We do not find that people who identify stronger with a certain age group (Social Identification Theory) or who have a more age-homogeneous network (Contact Theory) perceive more conflict. A weak economic position seems to be a predictor of experiencing all kinds of conflict in society, including
one between age groups.