bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAREGIVERS OF FRAIL RURAL OLDER ADULTS: Effects of an Advanced Practice Nursing Intervention
Authors: Dellasega Cheryl , Zerbe Tina M
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Informal caregivers are responsible for providing the majority of post-discharge care for many frail older adults in rural settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention would promote more positive physical and emotional outcomes in caregivers of rural older adults who are frail and were recently discharged from urban-based hospitals. Thirty-two caregivers of frail rural elderly individuals were randomly assigned to treatment (APN intervention) and control groups (no APN intervention). Assessments of caregiver outcomes were collected via telephone interviews at 48-hour, 2-week, and 4-week intervals after hospital discharge of the frail rural older adults. Outcomes were operationalized as caregiver physical health and well being, and stress and burden. The former was measured using the Health and Daily Living form (HDL) and the latter by the Thoughts and Feelings and Time and Energy subscales of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Additional information on caregiver problems and APN visit time was collected by the APN using the Omaha Classification System. Caregivers in the treatment group experienced significantly more positive physical and emotional health outcomes. The caregivers who received the APN intervention had higher self-rated emotional health scores, fewer emotional symptoms at Week 4, fewer depressive symptoms at Week 2 and 4, and lower Thoughts and Feelings stress scores at 48 hours than the control group. Findings support the importance of addressing the needs of caregivers post-discharge and the ability of APNs to improve post-discharge outcomes for home health care recipients and their caregivers.
Bathing: Pleasure or Pain?
Authors: Dunn Joshua C , Thiru-Chelvam Brenda , Beck Charles H M
Published: May 2014

Nontraditional methods of bathing may prove less agitating for individuals with dementia. This study examines a modified Thermal bath option.
DOCUMENTATION OF Delirium in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Milisen Koen , Foreman Marquis D , Wouters Bert , Driesen Ronny , Godderis Jan , Abraham Ivo L , Broos Paul L O
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This study determined the accuracy of diagnosis and documentation of delirium in the medical and nursing records of 55 elderly patients with hip fracture (mean age = 78.4, SD = 8.4). These records were reviewed retrospectively on a patient's discharge for diagnosis of delirium, and for description of clinical indicators or symptoms of delirium. Additionally, all patients were monitored by one of the research members on days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 12 postoperatively for signs of delirium, as measured by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Clinicians were blinded to the purpose of the study. According to the CAM criteria, the incidence of delirium was 14.5% on postoperative Day 1; 9.1% on postoperative Day 3; 10.9% on postoperative Day 5; 7.7% on postoperative Day 8; and 5.6% on postoperative Day 12. For those same days, no formal diagnosis of delirium or a description of clinical indicators was found in the medical records. In the nursing records, a false-positive documentation of 8.5%, 4%, 4.1%, 4.2%, and 5.9%, respectively was noted. False-negative documentation was found in 87.5%, 80%, 66.7%, 75%, and 50% of the cases on the respective days. Documentation of essential symptoms-namely onset and course of the syndrome-and disturbances in consciousness, attention, and cognition, were seldom or never found in the nursing records. However, behaviors of the hyperactive variant of delirium and which are known to interfere with nursing care were documented more often (e.g., 13.4% restless, 10.3% fidget with materials, 7.2% annoying behavior). Both medical and nursing records showed poor documentation and underdiagnosis of delirium. However, a correct diagnosis and early recognition of delirium may enhance the management of this syndrome.
Assessment Scale for Caregiver Experience with Dementia: Development of an Instrument in Japan
Authors: Suwa Sayuri
Published: May 2014

This article describes the Assessment Scale for Caregiver Experience with Dementia as an instument for measuring not only caregiver burden, but the entire caregiving experience.
Resident and Family Perspectives: THE FIRST YEAR IN A LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY
Authors: Iwasiw Carroll , Goldenberg Dolly , Bol Nancy , MacMaster Elsie
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore perspectives, needs, and expectations of residents (N = 6) and family members (N = 3) of the resident's first year in a long-term care facility. The narrative method and a semi-structured interview guide were used to obtain participants' views at 2 and 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after admission. During data analysis, six themes emerged, which suggest implications for gerontological nursing education and practice. The authors conclude that by listening to residents and family members, nurses can use this information to improve life for residents and dignify them as individuals.
Health and Safety Risk at a Skilled Nursing Facility: Nursing Assistants' Perceptions
Authors: Sofie Jennifer , Belza Basia , Young Heather
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the perceptions nursing assistants certified (NAC) have related to their occupational health and safety risks and how these perceptions influence the safety precautions taken. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of the occupational health and safety risks perceived by NAC, along with determining the protective mechanisms they used to prevent injury and illness. Ten NAC employed by a skilled nursing facility were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Numerous hazards and protective mechanisms were identified and these were categorized as environmental, physical, or cognitive in nature. Based on the NAC perceptions of their occupational hazards, there were a number of areas in which they were ignorant to concepts the administration believed to be readily available. While the facility has a number of health promotion and safety programs already in place, these alone seem inadequate to meet the perceived needs of the NAC. Strategies are needed in three specific areas to address the knowledge deficits and enhance the overall effectiveness of improving the health and safety of the NAC-communication, fostering teamwork, and educational and training opportunities.
Family Caregiver Assessment: ESSENTIAL FOR EFFECTIVE HOME HEALTH CARE
Authors: Bradley Patricia J
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Home health care nurses do not routinely assess the health of family caregivers despite their essential contribution to the client's care. In this study, home care nurses collected data on 51 older family caregivers from their caseloads to assess their health. The average age of the caregivers was 75.1 years (SD = 6.09). Most (66.7%) were women and were the home health client's spouse (82.4%). These individuals had been caregivers for up to 20 years, and reported spending an average of 13.3 hours per day in this role (SD = 9.15). Approximately half (n = 25) of the caregivers reported poor or fair health, with 33.3% (17) reporting a decline in their health over the previous 6 months.

Unmet health needs included the need for blood pressure monitoring, mammograms, PAP smears, and prostate examinations. Referrals to other health care providers or community agencies were required by 78.4% of the caregivers, 78.4% required health teaching, and 23.5% required home health services themselves. Those requiring home health care were more likely to be on more medications and classify their health as fair or poor. These findings confirm those of a pilot study conducted on 51 other family caregivers.

Nurses serving the geriatric population need to conduct systematic family caregiver assessments to identify caregiver health needs that could impair their caregiving ability. In particular, for home health care to be effective, nurses must conduct caregiver assessments.
Determinants of Satisfaction and Turnover among Nursing Assistants: THE RESULTS OF A STATEWIDE SURVEY
Authors: Parsons Sharon K , Simmons William Paul , Penn Katherine , Furlough Melanie
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This research is an examination of job satisfaction and turnover among nursing assistants employed in nursing homes. Using a statewide sample with 550 nursing assistants responding, the results indicated that 60% were satisfied with their jobs and 30% planned to quit. The nursing assistants participating in this study identified the relationship with the resident as the most important work issue, and their major reason for staying in the job. They were most dissatisfied wrth pay, benefits, and recognition and appreciation. Although the respondents were dissatisfied with benefits and salary, these work issues could not explain overall satisfaction or turnover. The multivariate analysis confirmed that professional growth and involvement in work-related decisions, supervision, and management keeping employees informed were significantly related to both turnover and overall satisfaction.
Health Screening Practices IN RURAL LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES
Authors: Bassett Susan D , Smyer Tish
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This report summarizes the descriptive data collected and analyzed as part of a larger study examining an educational intervention related to health screening practices in long-term care (LTC) facilities in a rural Midwestern state. The health screening practices examined were prostate-specific antigen testing, manual prostate examination, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. A review of the literature reveals health-screening practices are not being adequately provided to older adults. This includes older adults living in the community and those residing in LTC facilities. The director of nurses (DONs) in 41 LTC facilities were sent a questionnaire to ascertain the DONs' knowledge of American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for health screening practices, as well as written policies for, and implementation of, the screening practices in the LTC facility. The response rate was 73% (30 of 41). The major finding of this study was that health-screening practices according to ACS were not being implemented in LTC facilities in the rural state under study. This is congruent with current literature regarding health-screening practices in LTC facilities in more urban areas. These findings are not generalizable beyond the state studied, however, implications for nursing relate to increasing continuing education for nurses in LTC facilities about ACS guidelines.
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: USE IN AN OLDER POPULATION
Authors: Williamson Adam T , Fletcher Paula C , Dawson Kimberley A
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The aging North American population validates increased research of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine older adults' attitudes and motivations toward CAM use in an attempt to explain its limited usage. Senior citizens (66 to 100 years) were qualitatively surveyed and interviewed to analyze trends in CAM use. Forty-two participants older than 65 completed a questionnaire and 10 of those same individuals participated in an interview session. Motivations for CAM use, prevalence of CAM use, knowledge of CAM, and physician attitudes were investigated. The results of the survey and interviews showed older adults' most prevalent motivations for using CAM were pain relief (54.8%), improved quality of life (45.2%), and maintenance of health and fitness (40.5%). Knowledge of CAM was extremely low across the entire sample, but a significant difference in knowledge level existed among CAM users and nonusers. The CAM therapies most commonly used by older adults were chiropractic (61.9%), herbal medicine (54.8%), massage therapy (35.7%), and acupuncture (33.3%). This sample of senior citizens perceived CAM treatments to be extremely beneficial. Increased education about CAM is needed for older adults and health professionals. Practitioners of CAM should try to understand older adults' motivations for using CAM therapies and be involved in educating older adults about CAM.
Managing Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Elderly Adults
Authors: Keller Colleen , Fleury Julie , Mujezinovic-Womack Marilyn
Published: May 2014

By promoting and monitoring healthy lifestyle changes, health care providers can help older adults improve their cardiovascular health.
Reminiscence Therapy for Older Women with Depression: Effects of Nursing Intervention Classification in Assisted-Living Long-Term Care
Authors: Jones Ellen Davis
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 3-week, six-sessjon Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) reminiscence intervention on the level of depression among elderly women residing in one assisted-living long-term care facility using a pre-test-posttest, quasi-experimental design. A convenience sample of 30 women (M = 81 .7 years) participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, an experimental group that received the NIC reminiscence intervention and a comparison group that received the customary reminiscence intervention used within the assisted living long-term care facility. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (Brink et al., 1982). Pre-test geriatric depression scores revealed the initial levels of depression were similar for participants in both the experimental and control groups. Post-test geriatric depression scores indicated those participating in the NIC reminiscence group had significantly lower depression scores compared to those participating in the facility's customary reminiscence group. The findings of this study suggest that a nurse-initiated intervention, NIC reminiscence therapy, was an effective treatment in reducing symptoms of depression among elderly women.
Effects of a Physical Activity Program: The Study of Selected Physical Abilities Among Elderly Women
Authors: Ourania Matsouka , Yvoni Harahousou , Christos Kabitis , Ionannis Trigonis
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week exercise program on the physical abilities of 55 sedentary women ages 60 to 75. The variables tested were dynamic balances, muscular endurance, sit and reach flexibility, and muscular coordination. Participants were grouped into three exercise groups (n = 45) and one control group (n = 10). Exercise was performed for 1 hour, once, twice, and three times a week for the three experimental groups. Participants were pre- and post-tested for the selected variables. Significant differences (p < .05) were found between exercise and non -exercise groups. The main effects of the training program were significant for all four variables examined, indicating that even those who participated in an exercise group once a week had a significantly higher levels of physical abilities than the control group. The improvement of the experimental groups was proportional to the frequency of the training program applied.
Nursing Needs of Hospitalized Older Adults Consumer and Nurse Perceptions
Authors: Chang Esther , Chenoweth Lynn , Hancock Karen
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT The proportion of older adults is increasing in Australia, and the proportion of older adults requiring medical care is expected to increase in the future. At the same time, budget restrictions are a reality for Australia's health system. Increasing need and decreasing resources suggest the need to focus on the quality aspect of treatment and care for older adults. Little research has been conducted in the area of perceived nursing needs of elderly patients during hospitalization. This is an important area of research because it is increasingly recognized that elderly patients have specialized needs and are the major consumers of health care. Even less research has compared patient and carer perceptions with those of nursing staff. This article is a literature review and an investigation of the quality of care elderly patients receive, and of patient and nurse perceptions of the importance of various nursing activities. Quality of care is reviewed in terms of perceptions of nursing care priorities and elderly patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care they receive. Research examining nurses' perceptions related to why they are unable to consistently provide quality nursing care to all elderly patients is also reviewed. By identifying the nursing needs of elderly patients and educating nursing staff about these needs, professional practice can be guided and improvements in quality of care, patient satisfaction, and patient outcomes may occur.
Alcohol Use in a Continuing Care Retirement Community
Authors: Resnick Barbara
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol use among older adults living in a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and to consider differences in overall health, number of chronic illnesses, falls, age, and exercise behavior between those who drink moderately versus those who do not. A one-time faceto-face interview was conducted with a total of 316 residents living in an urban CCRC in the northeast. The participants were 86.6 6 6.3 years of age, and the majority were women (79%), unmarried (75%), White (9%), and middle to upper socioeconomic status (100%). The majority of these individuals (63%) drank moderately, consuming at least one drink daily. No difference was found between men's and women's drinking behaviors (?2 = .47, ? > .05). Adults who drank moderately were older (F= 8.7, ? < .05), more likely to exercise regularly (?2 = 27, ? < .05), and were more likely to have had a fall (F= 3.7, ? < .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups related to perceptions of overall health, number of chronic illnesses, number of medications, overall or number of medications that interact with alcohol, or cognitive status. Although not statistically significant, a greater percentage of individuals who drink moderately had fractures (12%) when compared to the percentage of individuals who do not drink at least moderately (7%). Recognizing both benefits and risks to alcohol use in older adults suggests that an individual approach to educating these individuals about their use of alcohol should be conducted.
Using Low-Tech Thermometers to Measure Body Temperatures in Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smith Linda S
Published: May 2014

Temperature measurements are performed at the groin, oral, and rectal sites using two devices to determine which is most accurate.
Understanding Nutritional Health in Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Callen Bonnie
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

A pilot study of adults ages 65 and older admitted to an acute care setting was conducted to compare nutritional risk as measured by hospital dieticians with two Nutrition Screening Initiative tools, the DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Checklist and the Level I Screen, and to elicit from patients their own perceptions of nutritional health. Ten community-living older adults were interviewed. Although all 10 were at nutritional risk as measured by both hospital assessment and nutritional risk screening tools, none of these patients believed themselves to be at risk. One conclusion of this pilot is that interventions and education need to be tailored to the perceptions of targeted individuals.
The Nature of Long-Term Care Nursing Work
Authors: Leppa Carol J
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Data from a pilot study on the nature of nursing work in long-term care (LTC) facilities are compared with data on nursing work in intensive care units (ICUs). The comparison suggests that the LTC nursing work environment is a complex, demanding, and interesting one that is different from, not less than, nursing work in acute care environments. The data also suggests that nursing educators and researchers should reconsider LTC nursing work environments. Long-term care nursing offers an ideal, relatively controlled environment for research on what nursing work is and how nursing interventions affect patient outcomes. Long-term care nurses, whose daily work has always involved working with a variety of professional and unlicensed staff members, can serve as models for delegation and interpersonal skills. Finally, the LTC setting offers the ideal environment for clinical sites in connection with the proposed curriculum changes in end-of-life care for patients and their families.
Promoting EXERCISE BEHAVIOR in Older Adults: USING A COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION
Authors: Schneider Joanne Kraenzle , Mercer Gina Touch , Herning Margaret , Smith Catherine A , Prysak Davis
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Health benefits associated with exercise are only obtained when exercise is maintained. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention on exercise behavior and physical outcomes in older adults. All participants were taught progressive flexibility, strength, and endurance exercises. The control group received no additional treatment. The experimental group was taught to recognize negative thoughts related to exercise and to counter these thoughts with more positive ones. Subsequent exercise behavior and physical outcomes were measured in all participants. Cognitive behavioral therapy was moderately to largely effective in improving the majority of physical outcomes assessed. In addition, CBT was moderately effective in improving several components of selfreported exercise behavior and mildly effective in improving exercise behavior overall. Results suggest that nurses can train older adults to identify and modify thoughts that interfere with or reduce their exercise behavior and thus improve physical functioning.
Contemplating, Caring, Coping, Conversing
Authors: Edwards Helen , Chapman Helen
Published: May 2014

A Model for Promoting Mental Wellness in Later Life

ABSTRACT

This article is based on the premise that mental wellness for older adults can be promoted through communication and presents a model drawing on the constructs of contemplating, caring, coping, and conversing. The importance of interpersonal communication processes in the care of older adults and some barriers to communication and mental wellness are briefly reviewed. This article challenges nurses to develop awareness of their own caregiving styles and communication processes, and to assist others (e.g., family caregivers, care receivers) to communicate and interact more effectively to advance mental wellness for older adults.
Perceived Health Promotion Practice by Older Women: Use of Herbal Products
Authors: Yoon Saunjoo Lee , Horne Claydell H
Published: May 2014

The use of herbal products has soared during the past decade in the United States. Because women use dietary supplements more frequently than men, identifying the determinants of herbal-product use among older women can be important in formulating a care plan for this population.

ABSTRACT

Women age 65 and older appear to use herbal products as well as multiple prescribed and non-prescribed drugs as part of their health-promoting practice. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in herbal-product use in a sample of older women during an 18-month period and to explore differences in locus of control and perceived health competence between herbal-product users and non-users. A longitudinal and descriptive study design was used. Instruments used to guide the two sets of structured interviews included the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), the Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), and a questionnaire about herbal-product use. The prevalence of herbal-product usage and the number of products used remained consistent between the initial and follow-up interviews, with 43% of the participants using an average of 2.6 herbal products Neither MHLC nor PHCS scores differed between herbal-product users and non-users. Mean scores of women in the study indicated higher internal than external locus of control.
Caring for Family Members With Alzheimer's Disease: Perspectives From Chinese American Caregivers
Authors: Zhan Lin
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of Chinese American caregivers who provide care for family members with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individual interviews were conducted with four family caregivers. Results revealed ethnocultural and structural barriers that Chinese family caregivers experienced, including stigmatization of AD in the Chinese community, a lack of knowledge about AD, a lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate AD services, negative interactions with health-care providers, and difficulty with English. This study provides cultural knowledge and insights for nurses who care for AD clients and their families. Overcoming barriers and working with Chinese American families and their community are needed to improve access and. dementia services for Chinese American patients and their families.
Prevalence Rate of Pressure Ulcers in California Nursing Homes: Using the OSCAR Database to Develop a Risk-Adjustment Model
Authors: Dellefield Mary Ellen
Published: May 2014

This database contains approximateiy 700 variables that can be used to examine issues related to the quality of nursing home care.
Managing Congestive Heart Failure in Long-Term Care: Development of an Interdisciplinary Protocol
Authors: Martinen Mary , Freundl Margaret
Published: May 2014

Implementation of a protocol for congestive heart failure in a long-term care facility served to standardize management and strengthen the continuum of care.
Fictive Kin: Friends as Family Supporting Older Adults as They Age
Authors: Jordan-Marsh Maryalice , Harden J Taylor
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Assessing social support or social capital is receiving renewed attention in health care. A search of the nursing literature revealed limited attention to a potential resource in the care of older adults-fictive kin. Transdisciplinary searches indicated that "fictive kin" or "chosen kin" are increasingly important as family size shrinks and older adults live longer lives. Fictive kin are common across cultural groups and some have designated special names for these quasi-family members. The purpose of this article is to advance the concept of fictive kin as a resource for older adults and to provide strategies to promote engagement of fictive kin in health care planning by nurses.
Risk Factors for Accidental Injuries WITHIN SENIOR CITIZENS' HOMES: Analysis of the Canadian Survey on Ageing and Independence
Authors: Fletcher Paula C , Hirdes John P
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Using data from the Survey on Ageing and Independence (SAI), risk factors for unintentional injuries occurring within the homes of individuals older than 65 are identified. For the SAI, conducted by Statistics Canada in 1991, data were collected on a representative sample of approximately 20,000 individuals between ages 45 and 102. For each household contacted, one individual older than 45 was interviewed via the telephone. For the present analysis, only individuals older than 65 (n = 10,059) were used. Approximately 5% of senior citizens experienced an injury that limited their activity for at least 1 day. Using logistic regression, the following risk factors for injury were identified: education, alcohol consumption, smoking, rest and sleep patterns, support, and interactions between age and gender, activity limitations and age, and home maintenance and gender. The present findings are important to the body of research concerning injuries among older adults. The results expand current univariate analysis of data identifying risk factors for injuries within the literature and provide comprehensive information pertaining to risk factors for accidental injuries at the multivariate level. Identification of risk factors provides health care professionals, particularly front line nurses, with insight into factors that, if modified, have the potential to decrease accidental injuries and improve or maintain quality of life.
Assessing Pain as a FIFTH VITAL SIGN IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: Recommendations from the Field
Authors: Molony Sheila L , Kobayashi Mia , Holleran Elizabeth A , Mezey Mathy
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

In long-term care facilities, pain management is complex because dementia, delirium, and other reasons for residents' altered communication ability are a significant barrier to pain assessment. The purpose of this study was to explore the status of implementation of pain as a fifth vital sign in a sample of long-term care facilities. A three-round Delphi survey was used to obtain consensus from personnel in 60 long-term care facilities in NY State. Findings are presented in terms of recommendations related to pain criteria, assessment methods, frequency of pain assessment, responsibility for pain assessment, monitoring strategies, education, documentation, and pain management education. The results of this study highlight many important considerations in the treatment of pain as a fifth vital sign in long-term care facilities. Evidence-based practice will be facilitated by further research related to underexplored aspects of pain assessment and management, and further attention to care delivery systems that support continued knowledge acquisition and the implementation of best practices.
Grandparents PARENTING Grandchildren: Assessing Health Status, Parental Stress, and Social Supports
Authors: Butler Frieda R , Zakari Nazik
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This study describes the physical and emotional health of grandparents raising grandchildren and the extent to which the health of this at-risk population is affected further by the caregiving role. A sample of 17 grandparents who are primary caregivers to their grandchildren and reside within a three-state metropolitan area were interviewed in their homes during a 1 -year period. Data were collected on physical and mental health status and health problems, level of health, level of stress, economic difficulties, and family and supports. Qualitative data analyses using a panel of experts and NUD*IST, and quantitative methods were used. Results showed wide variation in physical and mental health status; however, most participants tended to score high on parental stress - particularly in the child domain. Disruption of social activities, financial problems, and alterations in family relationships were of significant concern.
The Independent Nurse Role in Community Care Gerontological Nursing
Authors: Schoenfelder Deborah Perry , Specht Janet K , Maas Meridean L
Published: May 2014

Special Series
Outcomes of Inpatient Geropsychiatric Treatment: The Value of Assessment Protocols
Authors: Ngoh Constance Toche , Lewis Irene Daniels , Connolly Phyllis M
Published: May 2014

Admission and discharge assessment for cognitive, affective, and functional status is an effective tool to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.
Osteoarthritis IN OLDER ADULTS: Current Treatments
Authors: Burks Kathryn
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, numerous treatments are available for symptom relief. Pharmacological treatments primarily focus on pain relief; however, in older adults there is continuing concern related to the risk of side effects and interactions with other medications. In contrast, non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, joint protection, and stress reduction, provide symptom relief with few side effects. In addition, alternative treatments such as nutritional supplements, herbal preparations, acupuncture, and tai chi are being investigated for their efficacy. Nurses should encourage patients to use a combination of treatments that provide optimum symptom relief with the fewest side effects.
Post-Breast Cancer LYMPHEDEMA IN AGING WOMEN: Self-Management and Implications for Nursing
Authors: Armer Jane M , Heckathorn Peg W
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

More than 2 million women living with breast cancer in this country are at lifetime risk for lymphedema (LE) development. Accounting for 25% of all cancer survivors, the majority of these breast cancer survivors are older than 65. Unmanaged LE greatly impacts quality of life for breast cancer survivors, potentially affecting interpersonal and family relationships, functional abilities, occupational roles, self-image, and self-esteem. As the number of breast cancer survivors increases due to improved detection and treatment, it becomes all the more important that health professionals focus on prevention, early detection, and treatment of LE among breast cancer survivors of all ages. A case study of an 88-year-old breast cancer survivor with LE is presented to illustrate the effect of LE on psychosocial issues and functional abilities among aging women. Guidelines for LE prevention and management are presented, with application to the special needs of the older breast cancer survivor. Nursing implications are discussed, with recommendations for future study.
Interventions for Residents with Dementia and Their Family and Staff Caregivers: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Measures of Outcomes in Long-Term Care
Authors: Specht Janet K Pringle , Park Myonghwa , Maas Meridean L , Reed David , Swanson Elizabeth , Buckwalter Kathleen C
Published: May 2014

Reliable and valid measures are crucial for testing intervention strategies and must be specialized for this population. This article describes six such instruments.
Caring for a Yobiyose-Rojin: A Comparison of Burden on Daughters and Daughters-in-Law
Authors: Mizuno Toshiko , Takashaki Kinuko
Published: May 2014

In Japan, aging parents who need help with their daily care sometimes decide to relocate to the homes of their children. With proper support, this situation can be more favorable for both caregiver and parent.
Managing Fecal Incontinence: SELF-CARE PRACTICES OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bliss Donna Zimmaro , Fischer Lucy Rose , Savik Kay
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the ways in which community-dwelling elderly individuals manage fecal incontinence (FI) in their daily lives. In this study, community-dwelling elderly individuals were surveyed at clinics of a health maintenance organization (HMO) to describe the self-care practices used to manage FI and to examine factors that influenced the number of self-care practices used and the reporting of FI to a health care practitioner. Responses of 242 elderly individuals who reported that they had FI several times per year were analyzed. The self-care practices used most commonly were changing diet, wearing a sanitary pad/brief, and reducing activity or exercise. Elderly women and those with a greater severity of FI and more chronic health problems engaged in more self-care practices. Factors associated with reporting FI to a clinician were considering FI to be a problem, uncertainty about the cause of FI, and changing diet to avoid FI. There is a need to promote effective management strategies for FI to older individuals living in the community.
The Experience of Dying for Chinese Nursing Home Residents: CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Chan Joyce , Kayser-Jones Jeanie
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Given the increase of cultural diversity of the elderly population in the United States, there is a need for increased sensitivity of culturally diverse residents. Research on the care of terminally ill Chinese elderly individuals in nursing homes is limited. As part of a larger study on end-of-life care in nursing homes, data were obtained on 34 Chinese residents. Data were obtained through participant observation, event analysis, and in-depth interviews with residents and their families, nursing staff, and physicians. The process of providing care was observed from the time residents were identified as terminally ill until their death. The most significant factors influencing the care Chinese residents received were communication barriers, dislike of Western food, and differing cultural beliefs and customs. These findings offer valuable information in helping to develop and implement interventions to improve the terminal care of Chinese elderly individuals in nursing homes.
Spirituality and Health: Perceptions of Older Women in a Rural Senior High Rise
Authors: Knestrick Joyce , Lohri-Posey Brenda
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the essence of spirituality and health in older women living in a rural senior high-rise apartment building. The researchers used a phenomenological research design and interviewed 10 women 65 years of age and older. Data analysis using Colaizzi's (1978) method for analysis revealed three themes - health is functional and provides a sense of wholeness; the relationship with God or a higher power is a personal one; and death is a part of life. The three themes create an essential structure, which influences the way the participants live. These findings provide information for nurses on the spiritual needs of older women and how the experiences of living in a high rise affect spirituality and health.
Family Caregivers Making Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions: Factors Associated with Role Strain and Ease
Authors: Hansen Lissi , Archbold Patricia G , Stewart Barbara , Westfall Una Beth , Ganzini Linda
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Although recent studies have focused on life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision-making by families, research has not examined such decision-making as an aspect of ongoing caregiving by family caregivers. This article focuses on factors associated with family caregiver role strain and ease in LST decision-making. Using content analysis, factors were derived from interview data gathered from 17 family caregivers who had made LST decisions for 16 elderly ill relatives. The factors are incorporated in a framework, The Family Caregiving Process in Making LST Decisions for Elderly III Relatives, and fall under four key roles-caregiver, elderly ill relative, other family members, and health care providers. Factors affecting the strain and ease felt by family caregivers exist not only during the actual decision-making period, but also arise during the days, months, and years prior to the event and continue on after the LST decisions have been made. Nurses' knowledge of these factors can help nurses decrease family caregiver strain and increase ease during the family caregiver LST decision-making process.
MANAGING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS WITH NEUROLEPTICS: Treatment Options for Older Adults in Nursing Homes
Authors: Voyer Philippe , Verreault René , Mengue Pamphile Nkogho , Laurin Danielle , Rochette Louis , Martin Lori Schindel
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Disruptive behaviors are frequent among elderly individuals in long-term care centers. Neuroleptics remain the most common pharmacological treatment for controlling these challenging behavioral manifestations. However, their effectiveness is a subject of controversy and it is unclear what specific behaviors are more likely to be managed with neuroleptic medications. The objective of this study was to identify the types of disruptive behaviors for which neuroleptics are given to elderly individuals in long-term care facilities and determine if the frequency of these behaviors increases the risk of being prescribed neuroleptics. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,332 participants ages 65 or older living in 28 long-term care facilities. Among them, 27.8% had taken at least one neuroleptic drug in the prior week. The administration of neuroleptics was not linked to the presence of any one specific disruptive behavior. However, a significant finding was that the greater the frequency of disruptive behavior exhibited by an elderly individual, the greater the risk of them being administered a neuroleptic medication. A multi-dimensional approach to the assessment of disruptive behaviors is recommended to facilitate the identification of the underlying causes of those behaviors. Accordingly, it is suggested that non-pharmacological treatment plans be adapted to each situation and then implemented to potentially reduce the use of neuroleptics.
Portugal, España y el fútbol. La construcción histórica de una amistad
Authors: Pinheiro Francisco
Published: May 2014

El fútbol es uno de los principales fenómenos sociales y culturales en Portugal y España, habiendo creado importantes puentes de amistad entre los dos países en el siglo XX. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los motivos que llevaron a la construcción histórica de esta relación ibérica en el fútbol, exponiendo algunos de los principales momentos que permitieron crear esta amistad. El análisis se centra en la primera mitad del siglo XX, periodo en el cual nació, creció y se desarrolló esta relación.
A História encenada: O Processo do Rei, de João Mario Grilo, a imagem melancólica de um país
Authors: Tavares Mirian
Published: May 2014

En este texto analizaré la película O Processo do Rei (1989), de João Mário Grilo. Basado en el proceso contra D. Afonso VI, el realizador consiguió ser fiel al tiempo histórico –siglo XVII-, pero también profundamente contemporáneo, explorando aspectos eternos y cíclicos de la propia Historia. El cine, en esta película, funciona como un escenario donde la Historia revela la escenografía que los libros de Historia acostumbran a ocultar. Para profundizar en esta cuestión comienzo por discutir las relaciones entre el cine y el teatro a partir do concepto de mise en scéne. ¿Qué aproxima, y qué distancia, a estas dos formas artísticas? ¿De qué manera el cine, a lo largo de su historia, construyó su propia puesta en escena recurriendo, sobre todo, al montaje?
Una idea recurrente: reflejos del iberismo en la prensa española (1982-2011)
Authors: Peralta García Beatriz
Published: May 2014

Desde mediados del siglo XIX las relaciones entre España y Portugal han venido estando marcadas por la idea del iberismo. Culminado el proceso de transición política en ambos países en el último cuartel del siglo XX se impone con fuerza la necesidad de sustituirla por el concepto de cooperación al amparo que ofrece la pertenencia de ambos Estados a la Unión Europea como ente supranacional de resolución de conflictos. En este artículo analizamos la presencia del iberismo en la prensa española desde principios de los años 80 hasta la primera década del siglo XXI y su particular evolución acompañando los cambios políticos, económicos y sociales del país.
Research on the Design Mode of Web Course of Track & Field in Physical Education in College
Authors: Lin Weiliang , Li Tao
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this paper is to improve the current condition of students' skill deficiency, relative textbooks and practice guidance. The research methodology includes literature study, interview, system designing, software programming, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. Results: Firstly, there are effective contents and practice activity in the web course. Secondly, the purpose and requirements are clear in the course. Thirdly, there is a variety of cases, pictures, videos and texts on the web page. Fourthly, the web course is appealing that it can inspire students to be more imaginative and innovational. Conclusions: the setup of the T&F Web Course can make up for the initiative and self-directed learning deficiency of traditional classroom teaching, and it also helps to cultivate sport talents who are needed in the society.
Adding Social Elements to Game-Based Learning
Authors: Lai Chien-Hung , Lin Yu-Chang , Jong Bin-Shyan , Hsia Yen-Teh
Published: May 2014

Game-based learning is to present the instruction by games in learning, with the main purpose of triggering learners’ motives instead of instructing the courses. Thus, increasing learning motive by game-based learning becomes a common instructional strategy to enhance learning achievement. However, it is not easy to design interesting games combined with courses. In 2011, Echeverria proposed a design to combine characteristics of games with elements of courses by matching the virtual scenarios in games with proper courses. However, in the past game-based learning, students were gathered in regular places for several times of game-based learning. Students’ learning was limited by time and space. Therefore, for students’ game-based learning at any time and in any places, based on theories of design elements of online community game Aki Järvinen, this study treats Facebook as the platform of games. The development by online community game is easier, faster and cheaper than traditional video games. In 2006, Facebook allowed API program of the third party. Therefore, by Facebook, this study provides the platform for students to learn in social lives to explore students’ activities in online community games. Questionnaire survey is conducted to find out if the design of non-single user game is attractive for students to participate in game-based learning. In order to make sure that the questionnaires can be the criteria to investigate students’ intention to play games, by statistical program of social science; this study validates reliability and validity of items of questionnaire to effectively control the effect of online community games on students’ learning intention.
Multimedia Based E-learning : Design and Integration of Multimedia Content in E-learning
Authors: Alsadhan Abdulaziz Omar , Alhomod Sami , Shafi Mohd Mudasir
Published: May 2014

The advancement in multimedia and information technologies also have impacted the way of imparting education. This advancement has led to rapid use of e learning systems and has enabled greater integration of multimedia content into e learning systems. This paper present a model for development of e learning systems based on multimedia content. The model is called “Multimedia based e learning” and is loosely based on waterfall software development model. This model consists of three distinct phases; Multimedia Content Modelling, Multimedia content Development, Multimedia content Integration. These three phases are further sub divided into 7 different activities which are analysis, design, technical requirements, content development, content production & integration, implementation and evaluation. This model defines a general framework that can be applied for the development of e learning systems across all disciplines and subjects.
An Open Learning Environment for the Diagnosis, Assistance and Evaluation of Students Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Samarakou Maria , Papadakis Andreas , Fylladitakis Emmanouil D , Hatziapostolou Antonios , Tsaganou Grammatiki , Früh Wolf Gerrit
Published: May 2014

The personalized diagnosis, assistance and evaluation of students in open learning environments can be a challenging task, especially in cases that the processes need to be taking place in real-time, classroom conditions. This paper describes the design of an open learning environment under development, designed to monitor the comprehension of students, assess their prior knowledge, build individual learner profiles, provide personalized assistance and, finally, evaluate their performance by using artificial intelligence. A trial test has been performed, with the participation of 20 students, which displayed promising results.
How To Design a Mobile Application to Enhance Teaching and Learning?
Authors: Truong Dothang
Published: May 2014

The rapid growth of mobile devices, especially smart phones, has changed the way instructors deliver instructions and students learn class materials. Many universities initiate promoting economic transformation by working to eliminate barriers to educational attainment through incorporating new technologies to enhance the delivery of instructions and student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to explore the usage of mobile applications in higher education and develop an application to help college students understand better the class materials, and thereby, enhance their learning outcomes. The detailed description, design, and interface of the application are presented along with dissemination plan.