bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manual 28: Manual de interpretación de la Norma Japonesa para la fabricación de productos de madera laminada estructural. Notificación Nº112 del 29 de enero de 1996
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Fernández G. Cristián , Hernández C. Gonzalo , Wagner Muñoz Mario
Published: August 2021

Proporciona antecedentes técnicos para la confección y control de la madera laminada estructural MLE que se comercializa en el mercado japonés, según requerimientos JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard). Este manual se divide en 4 grandes grupos temáticos: El primero define los grados estructurales visual y mecánico de las láminas que conforman la MLE. El segundo ilustra acerca de la sectorización de la sección transversal y de la identificación de los productos estructurales. comerciales. El tercero proporciona las reglas de armado. El cuarto, los antecedentes del control de calidad para la MLE
Manual 30: Manual de plantaciones forestales para pequeñas propiedades
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Sotomayor Garretón Alvaro , García Rivas Edison , Valdebenito Rebolledo Gerardo Andrés
Published: August 2021

Entrega al propietario de la tierra una guía para realizar una plantación forestal exitosa, lo que le permitirá obtener los objetivos esperados del cultivo forestal.
Manual 38: Manual para la certificación sanitaria forestal
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Faúndez C. Jorge , González González Marlene Verónica , Parra Sanhueza Patricio , Valencia Baier Juan Carlos
Published: August 2021

Entrega protocolos sanitarios de procesos productivos basándose en el concepto y objetivo de los Sistemas Integrados de Mitigación de Riesgo de Plagas. Constituye un documento guía para la certificación sanitaria de productos forestales primarios de exportación (trozas, madera aserrada y astillas) de pino, eucalypto, coigue y tepa.
Exportaciones forestales chilenas Enero-Diciembre 2005
Authors:   Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile),   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

La evolución de las exportaciones forestales durante 2004 no fue satisfactoria, puesto que el monto total llegó a US$ 3.495,4 millones, lo que representa un incremento de solo 2,9% respecto del monto exportado por el sector en 2004.

Varios son los factores que incidieron en este modesto desempeño, siendo díficil señalar la exacta participación de cada uno de ellos. Los más importantes fueron: escaso aumento e incluso en algunos casos disminuición en los volúmenes exportados de los productos forestales, destacando la baja en el precio promedio de la pulpa blanqueada de Pino radiata y de la mayoría de los elaborados. También hubo un descenso en las ventas a Estados Unidos, Japón y Holanda, los principales mercados de la Industria Forestal chilena.
Monografía de roble americano rojo Quercus palustris
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Benedetti Ruiz Susana , Pineda Bravo Gabriel Enrique
Published: August 2021

El Roble americano rojo de los pantanos (Quercus palustris (Muench)) es un hermoso árbol de mediano tamaño, que presenta una alta tasa de crecimiento. Es apreciado y cultivado con fines ornamentales por la hermosa forma de su copa y por el color de su abundante follaje. Además, se le puede transplantar bien y es tolerante a ambientes urbanos.

Esta especie pertenece al grupo de los robles americanos rojos (red oaks) el cual conforma uno de los más importantes conjuntos de especies productoras de maderas duras (Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, Quercus shumardii, Quercus coccinea, Quercus phellos). Su madera es dura y pesada, comparable a otras del grupo de robles americanos rojos en términos de sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, pero presenta menor importancia comercial al ser comparada con la de los robles blancos.
Robinia pseudoacacia: Una alternativa multipropósito para la zona central
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Benedetti Ruiz Susana , Delard R. Claudia
Published: August 2021

Parte de la información fue recopilada del Proyecto de INFOR / FIA "Determinación de crecimiento de Robinia pseudoacacia y análisis de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera."
Eucalyptus cladocalyx. Una alternativa para la producción de postes y polines en zonas áridas de Chile
Authors:   CORFO (Chile), Perret Sandra ,   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Mora Poblete Freddy Luis , Ramírez Aspillaga Pamela
Published: August 2021

Documento que promueve la plantación y explotación del Eucalyptus cladocalyx, especie adaptada para soportar condiciones de aridez y falta de agua, para su utilización como fuente de materia prima maderera y de diversificación forestal
Estadísticas forestales 2003
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Proporciona antecedentes sobre la trayectoria del sector en la actividad económica del país, el recurso forestal existente y los niveles de producción y comercio de la industria forestal primaria durante 2003 y años anteriores
Exportaciones forestales chilenas Enero-Diciembre 2004
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile),   Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Durante el año 2004 las exportaciones forestales chilenas totalizaron US$ 3.397 millones, cifra récord en la historia de la exportación forestal, lo que representa un incremento de 34,6% respecto del valor registrado en el año 2003 y un 47,6% superior al año 2002. Durante el mes de diciembre las exportaciones totalizaron US$ 275 millones, cifra levemente menor al promedio mensual del año, que fue de US$ 283 millones, pero muy superior a los niveles mensuales registrados hace 5 años.
Estadísticas forestales 2004
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Con el propósito de satisfacer las necesidades existentes en el medio forestal, esta versión de las Estadísticas Forestales entrega a través de cuadros estadísticos y figuras todo el acervo de la actividad del sector forestal chileno, en el último período y en forma retroactiva, con información vigente, real y actualizada.

El documento informa sobre los principales indicadores macroeconómicos del sector; da a conocer información sobre el recurso forestal; proporciona antecedentes del consumo y datos de la producción industrial; del comercio exterior; información de precios de los productos forestales; datos de ocupación; antecedentes sobre el transporte; complementado con investigación sobre disponibilidad futura de madera de Pino radiata y Eucalipto.
Estadísticas forestales 2004 Región del Maule (VII Región)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Contenido: Principales indicadores forestales en la Región del Maule 2003-2004; Flujo total de productos forestales en la Industria Primaria VII RegiónCap.1. Indicadores macroeconómicosCap.2. Recurso forestal Uso del suelo, Superficie de Bosque Nativo por provincia y tipo forestal, Plantaciones, Disponibilidad futura de madera de plantaciones de pino radiata y eucalipto, número de viveros, incendios, producción de plantas por especie y comuna, incendios forestales, bonificaciones, poda- raleo, Áreas Silvestre ProtegidasCap.3. Consumo y Producción Trozas, Madera aserrada, Empresas Forestales, aserraderos, industria de la astilla, industria de pulpa y papel, otros rubros forestalesCap.4. Comercio Exterior: Exportaciones forestales, Empresas exportadorasCap.5. Precios de productos forestales, principales productos, mercado interno, mercado externo, trozas, madera dimensionada, madera elaborada, polines y postes impregnados, cajas de maderaCap.6. Ocupación forestal, sector forestal, industria forestal, industria del aserrío, industria de astillas, industria de pulpa y papelCap.7. Indíces de precios, dólar. Precios al consumidor Chile, índice general de precios al por mayor Chile, índice de precios al consumidor EE.UU., índice general de precios mayoristas EE.UU., valor mensual del dólar. Equivalencias utilizadas, relación insumo producto, unidades de medida, abreviaturas utilizadas
Estadísticas forestales chilenas 2005
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Proporciona indicadores del sector forestal 2005, principales indicadores 2004-2005 y flujo de productos de madera del secto forestal chileno 2005
How to write an editorial?
Authors: Nadeem Nighat
Published: August 2021

Every doctor in their career must have read or written an editorial. Our field is very scientific, logical, evidence based and genuinely to write editorials for medical journals is indeed not an easy task. Need and use of editorialin medical journals is similar to that of newspapers, they provide a focus, give direction and stimulate interest1. This brings up thoughts of the tips and techniques of how to write an editorial? Reading editorials show how one writers style is different from another, same as all fingers of a hand are not equal. First what is an editorial: It is a piece of writing whereby the author is conveying facts to the readers, gives opinion on those facts with rationale to create a good balance between the written facts and opinion. To authenticate this the author provides reliable evidence for effective persuasion2,3. Secondly why write an editorial: It could be the forerunner of what to expect within the journal, get a not widely disseminated opinion across to readers or persuade readers to believe the authors opinion2. Thirdly what should be the structure format of an editorial: The title should be eye catching like an abstract of a scientific paper. The author should start with the fact to be portrayed on which opinion should be built which could be for or against. Keeping balance of fact: opinion, validate with evidence which will strengthen the foundation for persuasion, if the author wants to use persuasion.2 Format of editorial may vary depending on requirements of the journal but the fact writing editorials is a taxing feat especially when writing about unreported, underreported, controversial or innovative issues for creating awareness.4Nonetheless, it is a rewarding task one must indulge in at least once in career life.
Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in pre and post-menopausal women
Authors: Adnan Namra , Murrium Syeda Khadija Tul Sughra , Farooq S. Mohammad Yousaf , Gilani Syed Amir
Published: August 2021

Background: Women that are over 50 years are usually diagnosed by thyroid disorders. The prevalence of Thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, found more under postmenopausal women than premenopausal. In the postmenopausal phase the prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism rising from 10% to 20%, or increases steadily with age in women. The study results show an enlargement in the activities of Thyroid stimulating hormone among menopausal women. Aim: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in before and after-menopausal women. Method: An Analysis of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in pre and post-menopausal women was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years. Key words: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Literacy in the treatment delay in Oral Cancer patients Visiting Mayo Hospital
Authors: Liaquat Ahmad , Naseer Rabia , Rashid Muhammad , Khan Saqib Mehmood , Haq Ehsan Ul , Tayyab Tahmasub Faraz
Published: August 2021

Background: One of the most important prognostic factors of oral cancer is the stage at the time of diagnosis. Unfortunately, most of the patients present in the late stages (stage III and IV). Aim: To assess the role of socioeconomic status and literacy in the treatment delay in patients of oral cancer. By identifying their role, we can educate the general public and healthcare doctors to detect and treat oral cancer. Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the Mayo hospital, a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2020. Results: Out of 120 patients, 84 (70%) were males and 36 (30%) were females. The age range was 14 to 85 years. One hundred and eight patients (90%) presented with the late stages (stage III and IV). These late-stage presenter patients belonged to the low socioeconomic status (88.88%) and 83.33% of them were illiterate (<high school education). Only twelve patients (10%) presented with the early stage at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic and lack of education have a significant association with the late presentation of oral cancer patients in the Pakistani population. Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, treatment delay, socioeconomic status
Clinical Presentation, Biopsy and Surgery of Breast Cancer in Women at Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujrat
Authors: Choudhry Abid Nazir , Tariq Asma , Naz Tehmina , Mahmood Shahid , Shahzad Kanwal
Published: August 2021

Aim: To detect the clinical presentation, biopsy and surgery of breast cancer in women at tertiary care hospital in Gujrat, Pakistan. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in 06 years April 2014 to March 2020 at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat, Pakistan. Methods: Total 138 women were selected for study that was having breast lump, breast ulcer or abnormal breast (nipple) discharge. Women were admitted for investigations and further plan for treatment. Breast cancer was diagnosed on history, examination and investigations. Complete blood count, serum studies, ultra-sonography of breast, mammography and breast biopsy was planned. Results: Total 138 women were enrolled in the study. Women 25-85 years of age were included in the study. Youngest woman was 27 years of age and the oldest was 85 years of age. Thirty two (23.18%) women were less than 50 years of age and 106(76.81%) women were more than 50 years of age. Conclusions: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of women and most frequent cause of cancer related deaths. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment offers the best chance for cure. Histological diagnosis and staging is mandatory prior to treatment. The best treatment of breast cancer is carried out by multidisciplinary team. Keywords: Breast lump, mammography, nipple discharge
To Determine the Frequency of Common Site of Lodgment of Foreign Body in Respiratory Tract of Children
Authors: Saeed Maimoona , Munir Syed Sajid , Haq Sami Ul
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of common site of lodgment of foreign body in respiratory tract of children. Setting: Pediatric and ENT Departments, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration of Study: six months i.e. 30/6/2018 to 30/12/2018 Methodology: 300 cases were included. Demographic characteristics like, name, age, gender and address was recorded. H/O inhaling a specific foreign body and time elapsed was noted. General physical examination for signs of respiratory distress was noted. Chest X ray was performed. Examination of oral cavity and nostrils was performed for a suspected foreign body. If nothing found, the patient was immediately shifted to ENT department for emergency bronchoscopy to remove the suspected foreign body. The type of foreign body recovered and the site of respiratory tree from where it is removed were noted. Results: Mean age was 12 years with SD ± 2.16. 51% children were male while 49% children were female. Site of lodgment of foreign body among 300 patients was analyzed i.e. 1% patients had oral cavity, 7% had nasal cavity, 1% patients had oro-pharynx, 3% patients had larynx, 13% patients had main trachea, 30% had right bronchus, 15% patients had left bronchus, 1% patients had right bronchiole, 1% patients had left bronchiole in respiratory tract of children. Conclusion: Frequency of site of lodgment of foreign body was i.e. oral cavity 1%, nasal cavity 7%, oro-pharynx 1%, larynx 3%, main trachea 13%, right bronchus 30%, left bronchus 15%, right bronchiole 1% and left bronchiole 1%. Keywords: Lodgment, foreign body, respiratory tract, children.
To Determine Outcome of Probiotics in Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children
Authors: Khan Noshairwan Ali , Munir Syed Sajid
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine outcome of probiotics in treatment of acute diarrhea in children aged 6 months to 5 years as compared to control Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Duration: From 23 May, 2019 to 23 Nov, 2019 Study design: Randomized Control Trial Methodology: 200 children were divided in two equal groups. Group A were given Probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) in a dose of 250-500 mg daily in two divided doses for 5 days, in addition to oral rehydration solution 50-100ml and 100-200ml after each loose stool in child aged <2 years and >5 years respectively. Group B were given only oral rehydration solution in same amount as prescribed to Group A. All the children were followed up at day 4. Outcome was assessed in terms of duration of diarrhea and improvement in number of stools per day at the 5th day of presentation. Results: In Group A, 92(92%) patients showed improvement while in Group B, 71(71%) patients showed improvement. Conclusion: Probiotics are found to be significantly more effective in reducing the stool frequency in ac. diarrhea. Keywords: Acute diarrhea, Probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii (SB)
Algorithmic Collusion and Scrutiny: Examining the Role of the ACCC’s Information Gathering Powers in the Digital Era
Authors: Feiglin Nathan
Published: August 2021

An important emerging issue is the fitness-for-purpose of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission’s (‘ACCC’) information gathering powers given the challenges caused by the proliferation of complex algorithms. This article considers potential harms that may be caused to competition and consumers by (i) algorithms that may assist in creating or enforcing vertical or horizontal restraints; (ii) algorithms that enable self-preferencing by dominant platforms; (iii) algorithms that may facilitate the enforcement of anti-competitive contractual restrictions; and (iv) ranking algorithms that may mislead consumers. After surveying the relevant literature – especially in relation to the potential harms of horizontally collusive algorithms – and the state of the ACCC’s information gathering powers under section 155(1) of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), this article proposes an additional two technology-based information gathering powers, including the power for the ACCC to scrutinise algorithms.
The High Court on Constitutional Law: The 2019 Statistics
Authors: Lynch Andrew
Published: August 2021

This article presents data on the High Court’s decision-making in 2019, examining institutional and individual levels of unanimity, concurrence and dissent. It points out distinctive features of those decisions – noting particularly the high frequency of both seven- member benches and the number of cases decided by concurrence over 2019. The latter suggests the possibility of greater judicial individualism re-emerging on the Court despite the clear endorsement of the ‘collegiate approach’ by Chief Justice Kiefel and its practice in the first two years of her tenure as the Chief Justice. This article is the latest instalment in a series of annual studies conducted by the authors since 2003.
Rethinking Re Kelvin: A Children’s Rights Perspective on the ‘Greatest Advancement in Transgender Rights’ for Australian Children
Authors: Dimopoulos Georgina
Published: August 2021

Australia was, until recently, the only country in the world in which court authorisation was required for the medical treatment of children diagnosed with gender dysphoria. The decision of the Full Court of the Family Court of Australia in Re Kelvin (2017) 351 ALR 329 swung the pendulum of decision-making authority for transgender children’s medical treatment from the Family Court back to the child and the child’s parents and treating medical practitioners. The Re Kelvin decision was touted a victory for transgender children’s rights. This article re-reads the Full Court’s judgment from a children’s rights perspective. It argues that the Full Court was not concerned with the rights of transgender children at all. Rather, transgender children benefit incidentally from the Full Court’s decision, which was about the extent to which the Family Court should encroach upon parents’ responsibility to make medical treatment decisions for their children, consistently with the latest developments in medical science.
Has the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority Done Enough to Meet Its Legislated Objectives and Prepare Australia for the Next Financial Crisis?
Authors: North Gill , Wilson Therese
Published: August 2021

This article examines APRA’s performance against its legislated objectives and the policy rationales and legal theories underlying the supervision of prudential regulation and promotion of financial system stability. The article will investigate the prudential framework in place and actions taken by APRA in the period beginning January 2014 to the end of June 2018, focusing on APRA’s oversight of residential property lending standards because the quality of these loans will be the single largest determinant of the future health of the Australian financial system. The current study’s findings and broader evidence suggest that APRA’s responses to ongoing lax and risky home lending standards were ad hoc, conservative, and reactive.
Female Health Practitioners Disciplined for Sexual Misconduct
Authors: Millbank Jenni
Published: August 2021

Within a broader study of Australian tribunal determinations concerning sexual misconduct by the five major health professions (2010–17) it became apparent that a sizable minority of disciplinary cases were brought against female practitioners for engaging in sexual relationships with patients. This article examines cases involving female doctors, psychologists, and nurses to explore their distinctly gendered aspects. There were differences apparent between cases involving female and male practitioners, in terms of vulnerability of patients and degree of exploitation, which go some way to explaining an overall trend of less severe outcomes for female respondents in cases at the tribunal level. However, there were also issues that were entirely distinct in the female cases, being the occurrence of: incarcerated patients; patient suicide; and same-sex relationships. I suggest that the first two of these issues would generally be regarded as severely aggravating (but were not always assessed as such), while the complexity of the third in terms of the broader social context may not have been well understood. The distinctive features of female cases suggest that there may need to be a rethinking in order to target ethical guidance and training on sexual misconduct in a gender-specific way.
Outsourcing to Not-for-Profits: Can Judicial Enforcement of Charity Law Provide Accountability for the Performance of ‘Public’ Functions?
Authors: Murray Ian , Wesson Murray
Published: August 2021

Governments increasingly rely on charities to provide services on behalf of government. Decisions on outsourced functions can relate to the distribution of public resources, such as the provision of housing, education or legal assistance. Accordingly, such decisions can be contentious and outsourcing potentially places that contention in the private sphere rather than the public sphere. This article examines the extent to which outsourcing service delivery to charities affects the ability of current or potential service recipients to hold decision-makers accountable. It argues that outsourcing government functions to charities will often place such functions beyond the scope of public law judicial review. However, charity law contains accountability mechanisms that have the potential to fill the gap. These mechanisms are identified and then compared with the availability of judicial review for government decisions by reference to scope, grounds, standing, time limits and remedies. This article finds that in many circumstances there should be no diminution of legal accountability. Nevertheless, charity law is less tested than administrative law, is not as effective in dealing with service decisions made by front line employees and does not as readily guarantee procedural fairness. Balanced against this, charity law may provide more generous time limits and better enable systemic issues to be addressed.
Social Entrapment Evidence: Understanding Its Role in Self-Defence Cases Involving Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Douglas Heather , Tarrant Stella , Tolmie Julia
Published: August 2021

This article considers what evidence juries need to help them apply the defence of self-defence where a woman claims she has killed an abusive partner to save her own life. Drawing on recent research and cases we argue that expert evidence admitted in these types of cases generally fails to provide evidence about the nature of abuse, the limitations in the systemic safety responses and the structural inequality that abused women routinely face. Evidence of the reality of the woman’s safety options, including access to, and the realistic support offered by, services such as police, housing, childcare, safety planning and financial support should be presented. In essence, juries need evidence about what has been called social entrapment so they can understand how women’s safety options are deeply intertwined with their degree of danger and therefore with the question of whether their response (of killing their abuser) was necessary based on reasonable grounds. We consider the types of evidence that may be important in helping juries understand the concept and particular circumstances of social entrapment, including the role of experts in this context.
Fraudulent Sex Criminalisation in Australia: Disparity, Disarray and the Underrated Procurement Offence
Authors: Chen Jianlin
Published: August 2021

This article critically investigates the criminalisation of fraudulent sex across Australia’s eight states and territories. Through situating the statutory definition of sexual consent alongside the respective treatment of the procurement offence (a sexual offence that punishes obtaining sex through any false representation), this article identifies the four distinct approaches of criminalising fraudulent sex and demonstrates the surprising stark divergence in legal outcomes. This article argues that the approaches adopted by half of the surveyed jurisdictions are flawed from the perspective of legislative design, and highlights the deficient legislative processes that failed to pay due regard to the procurement offence. In this regard, this article proposes statutory reform to enhance the coherency and clarity of fraudulent sex criminalisation.
Impact Of Cyber Crime On The Society During Lockdown Period
Authors: Deepika Deshwal
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of cyber-crime on the society during the period of lockdown. The concept of cyber-crime and the new hacks to extract money from the citizens and how it has impacted the common people at large is explored. The result from this study shows that computer and internet is a potent platform for the criminals and how it has impacted the lives of the people in a negative way. The discussions are made from the findings and the paper addresses how the internet and computer can be utilised properly in a safe and secured way adopting various precautions and measures to secure the usage and on the other hand increasing the awareness on how not to be trapped in any kind of web by criminals in the cyber world.
Revista Educación y Sociedad como apuesta multidisciplinar
Authors: Montes Iturrizaga Iván
Published: August 2021

La Academia de Estudios Educativos y Sociales (ACCES) es una organización privada que nace con la intención de promover las ciencias de la educación y las ciencias sociales en torno a estudios rigurosos, eventos académicos, capacitación y la difusión en torno a publicaciones de diversa naturaleza. Es así que, y en lo que respecta a este último aspecto, nace la Revista Educación y Sociedad como una iniciativa editorial interesada en constituirse como aporte pertinente para la reflexión, el avance del conocimiento y la toma de decisiones en consonancia con nuestras finalidades fundacionales.
Carlos Cueto Fernandini (1913-1968), educador y pionero de la Psicología Peruana
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter L.
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se revisa la vida y obra de Carlos Cueto Fernandini, uno de los pioneros de la educación y la psicología en el Perú. Se presenta primero una breve reseña biográfica del autor para luego analizar sus aportes a la psicología y su visión pedagógica. Este trabajo es importante porque Carlos Cueto ha sido una figura trascendente para las ciencias sociales en el Perú, pero poco analizada en el contexto de la psicología y, particularmente, en el de la historia de la psicología, dentro del cual se enmarca este estudio.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Primus Yaluwo
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan program Kartu Indonesia Sehat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Boven Digoel Provinsi Papua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, dengan menggunakan analisis kebijakan model Merille S. Grindle ditemukan fakta tidak adanya kepentingan lain dari para pelaksana program Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS). Pegawai Rumah Sakit seperti dokter hanya melaksanakan tugasnya untuk keberhasilan program ini. Kemudian Pegawai Rumah Sakit sebagai pelaksana program tidak memperoleh manfaat apapun, mereka hanya sebagai implementor dari program ini. Berikutnya, Pegawai Rumah Sakit sebagai pelaksana program menginginkan peserta KIS merasa puas atas pelayanan yang mereka terima serta lebih memahami bagaimana pola hidup sehat agar tidak mudah sakit. Faktor pendukung implementasi program KIS adalah tersedianya sumber daya manusia atau tenaga medis yang cukup baik. Sementara faktor penghambatnya antara lain; masih minimnya sarana dan prasana di Rumah Sakit; masih minimnya pos anggaran sehingga program KIS belum disosialisaikan dengan baik. Diperlukan perumusan program dan strategi yang mencakup; pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan iklan dalam memperkenalkan program KIS; meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana; serta perlunya pola kerjasama yang baik antara Pemerintah Daerah, Dinas kesehatan, dan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Boven Digoel dalam memperkenalkan Program KIS.
Pharmacogenomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; A Step Toward Personalized Medicine
Authors: Zia Asima , Bhatti Attya , John Peter , Kiani Aysha
Published: August 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Global prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day making diabetes a global epidemic. Various factors increase risk of diabetes and genetic predisposition is one of very important factor. Many anti-diabetic treatments are available to control blood glucose level in diabetic patients now-a-days. Initially, oral anti-diabetic treatment is successful but it fails later on and requires insulin administration and there are large numbers of non-responders also. Even patients that do respond show variability in drug response and tolerance. PharmType 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Global prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day making diabetes a global epidemic. Various factors increase risk of diabetes and genetic predisposition is one of very important factor. Many anti-diabetic treatments are available to control blood glucose level in diabetic patients now-a-days. Initially, oral anti-diabetic treatment is successful but it fails later on and requires insulin administration and there are large numbers of non-responders also. Even patients that do respond show variability in drug response and tolerance. Pharmacogenomics is the study to determine the inter- individual differences that contribute toward drug response. Many studies have shown positive contribution of different polymorphism in alteration of drug response in various ethnicities. But still data related to pharmacogenomics of Asian population is limited. In this review, we have tried to summarize the genetic variations and their effect on three major classes of oral anti-diabetic medication that include thiazolidinediones, metformin and sulfonylureas.acogenomics is the study to determine the inter- individual differences that contribute toward drug response. Many studies have shown positive contribution of different polymorphism in alteration of drug response in various ethnicities. But still data related to pharmacogenomics of Asian population is limited. In this review, we have tried to summarize the genetic variations and their effect on three major classes of oral anti-diabetic medication that include thiazolidinediones, metformin and sulfonylureas.
The development and psychometric testing of the expressive and instrumental Online Neighborhood Network Uses Scale (ONNUS)
Authors: De Meulenaere Jonas , Baccarne Bastiaan , Courtois Cédric , Ponnet Koen
Published: August 2021

The current study presents an instrument to measure online neighborhood network (ONN) uses from a social capital perspective. Prior studies have provided tentative evidence that ONNs, developed on social media platforms, can be a means for residents to develop social capital. However, to investigate this claim, a quantitative measurement instrument tailored to group- instead of ego-centered networks, is necessary yet currently lacking. A multi-phase method was applied to develop and test the psychometric properties of our instrument. Drawing upon existing literature, we conceptualized two types of ONN uses: expressive and instrumental uses. Both constructs were subsequently operationalized in a series of research steps. The construct validity (both exploratory and confirmatory), criterion and theoretical validity, and internal consistency of the instrument were tested on a sample of ONN users (n = 668) in Flanders (Belgium). The findings showed that the designed instrument is valid and reliable for assessing ONN uses. As such, the means are provided for investigating the role of ONNs in neighborhood relationship and social capital development, discern between different types of ONN users, and to assess the quality of ONNs with respect to the neighborhood's social life from a policy perspective.
Quasi real-time electromagnetic and greenhouse gases monitoring station at Seymour - Marambio Island, Antarctica
Authors: Solano Juan Manuel , Vargas Carlos Alberto , Gulisano Adriana Maria
Published: August 2021

A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for monitoring electromagnetic, CO2, and CH4 gas signals. Those signals require specialized low noise instruments and the survey shall be carried out in places far away from cultural noise, such as populated human settlements. The most suitable place would be near the Earth's poles, where noise is the lowest possible. To measure these variables, the Geophysical Instrumentation Laboratory (Laboratorio de Instrumentación Geofísica - LIG) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in a partnership with the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) under the Argentinean National Antarctic Direction (Dirección Nacional del Antártico - DNA), deployed the COCOAonMEAT project, oriented to design, built and install a low-cost station with time synchronization via GPS and data transmission in almost real-time. Since January 2020, the project monitors continuously (24/7) seven variables: three magnetic components, two electric dipoles, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Due to operative facilities and its low electromagnetic noise, the place chosen for its installation was the Argentinean Marambio Scientific Base in the Antarctic Peninsula, with the Multidisciplinary Antarctic Laboratory's collaboration (Laboratorio Multidisciplinario Antártico en la Base Marambio - LAMBI). This station provides valuable information on electromagnetic signals and greenhouse gases related to regional tectonic activity and local perturbations associated with global climate change.
Combined chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to study environmental impact on the mountain moss Polytrichum commune
Authors: Maria Giudici Gabriella Nora
Published: August 2021

Two chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) methods were used to study the effects of high light (photoinhibition) and dehydration, common stressors of the alpine environment, on primary photosynthetic processes in the moss Polytrichum commune from the Czech Republic, the Jeseníky Mountains. Photoinhibition (PI) was studied in fully hydrated thalli of P. commune and during the period of spontaneous desiccation. Time courses of Kautsky kinetics (KK) of ChlF and derived parameters: maximum quantum yield (FV/FM), effective quantum yeld (ΦPSII), and non-photochemical quenching parameters, were measured before and after the samples were treated with high light (1500 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR) for 60 min. Dehydration effects were tested in two sets of experiments with a Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation fluorometry (PAM) and Fast Chlorophyll Fluorescence induction curve (OJIP) techniques. In PAM tests, the desiccating samples were exposed to saturating light pulses every 10 min. in order to obtain ΦPSII and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In the second dehydration experiment, OJIP transients of ChlF were repeatedly recorded, OJIP-derived ChlF parameters were plotted against relative water content (RWC) monitored during desiccation. Combined ChF techniques provided insights into the mechanisms activated during P. commune desiccation, such as dissipation of excess absorbed energy through heat dissipation, and conformational changes or destructions of the light harvesting complexes. Combination of stressors resulted in amplified interference with the photosynthetic machinery, even when the added stressor (dehydration) was applied in low dose.
Long-term retainment of some chromosomal inversions in a local population of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Authors: Michailova Paraskeva , Ilkova Julia , Kovalenko Pavlo , Dzhulai Artem , Kozeretska Iryna
Published: August 2021

Genome of antarctic endemic Belgica antarctica Jacobs has been sequenced. However, no set of inversion diagnostic markers has ever been assigned for the species. Using the classical method of polytene chromosome squash preparation, we found three heterozygous inversions located on the second (two heterozygous inversions) and third chromosomes (one heterozygous inversion) in the Belgica antarctica population of a cape of Wiencke Island, 500 m to SW from Port Lockroy. The chromosome set and chromosome variability did not differ from those described in the literature (Atchley and Davis 1979). Every salivary gland chromosome had its own markers by which it can be determined. However, we did not find a sex-linked inversion on chromosome III and heterozygous inversion on chromosome I, reported in earlier studies. For the first time, we observed a strong heterochromatin band in chromosome III at the telomere of one arm. Our data show not only the stability of the described inversions in the population but also the usefulness of the squash preparation technique in the studies of genetic variability of Belgica antarctica in present time.
Resident Case Tracker
Authors: Smith Nathaniel E.
Published: August 2021

Context.—

Acquiring objective, timely, and comprehensive feedback on resident diagnostic performance is notoriously difficult.

Objective.—

To implement a custom software application (Resident Case Tracker) to improve evaluative diagnostic analysis for residency programs.

Design.—

Residents and faculty use a graphical user interface with restricted access to their own cases and evaluations. For each sign-out, residents enter their diagnoses and comments for each case. Faculty are provided a sign-out queue to review the resident diagnosis and select their level of agreement alongside optional comments. After sign-out, residents can review the agreement level and comments for each case, overall sign-out statistics, and organ-specific performance, and they have the option of opening and reviewing groups of cases by agreement status. A sign-out evaluation is automatically generated and stored alongside additional reports. Administrative access allows privileged users to readily review data analytics at both an individual and residency-wide global level.

Results.—

A marked increase in completed evaluations and feedback was noted in the initial 36 months of implementation. During a 3-year academic period, faculty completed individual feedback on 33 685 cases and 1073 overall sign-out evaluations.

Conclusions.—

Resident Case Tracker is an invaluable tool for our residency program and has provided unparalleled feedback and data analytics. Throughout residency, trainees have access to each completed sign-out, with the ability to learn from discrepant cases while also monitoring improvements in diagnostic acumen over time. Faculty are able to assess resident milestones much more effectively while more readily identifying residents who would benefit from targeted study.
Global border making and securitisation in the early modern world: introduction
Authors: Hellman Lisa , Smith Edmond
Published: August 2021

In the early modern period, borders could be mutable, imprecise, and represent far more than the lines on a map or delineation between sovereign states. In this essay, as well as introducing the eight articles that form the body of the special edition, we set out the key ideas that serve as a common theme and thread across this collected body of work. First, the idea of �securitisation� is examined, and consideration given to how it has been used by both scholars in International Relations and more recently in historical studies. Second, we consider the concept of �border making� and explore how re-examining our preconceptions about the idea of borders can change the way we examine important questions related to state and imperial formation, identity, and the meaning of community. Finally, the possibilities for using borders and security as entry points into asking new questions about �emotional global history� are discussed, and how this could be useful for thinking more carefully about the tensions, frictions and entanglements, as much as connection and exchange, that are at the core of globalising processes that have done so much to shape the world as we know it today.
La Loi sur la laïcité de l’État au Québec et les droits individuels et collectifs comme pilier de l’unité nationale canadienne : un écho au rapport Pepin-Robarts
Authors: Boivin Jade
Published: August 2021

Ce texte présente une analyse de la conception des droits individuels et collectifs dans le rapport de la commission Pepin-Robarts. Il s’agit également de voir dans quelle mesure cette conception a contribué à structurer les débats tenus dans le cadre des audiences publiques conduites par le gouvernement québécois autour du projet de loi 21 (Loi sur la laïcité de l’État). En 1977, à la suite de l’élection du Parti Québécois et de l’organisation d’un référendum sur la souveraineté du Québec, le gouvernement fédéral de Pierre Elliott Trudeau annonce une commission nationale sur l’unité canadienne. Déposé en 1979, le rapport Pepin-Robarts aborde les enjeux de dualité, de régionalisme et de division des compétences gouvernementales en lien avec l’unité canadienne. Les enjeux relatifs aux droits individuels et collectifs sont centraux et teintent l’ensemble du document. Il est notamment question des droits collectifs des minorités francophones et du désir d’autodétermination du peuple québécois. En 2019, le projet de loi 21 est proposé par le gouvernement caquiste de François Legault. Cette loi vise notamment à interdire le port de symboles religieux aux fonctionnaires de premières lignes en position d’autorité, comme les policiers, les professeurs ou encore les juges. La Loi sur la laïcité de l’État est finalement adoptée par l’Assemblée nationale du Québec le 16 juin 2019. Lors des audiences publiques du projet de loi, il est notamment question de l’exercice des droits collectifs des Québécois. Quant à l’interdiction du port de symboles religieux pour certains fonctionnaires, cette politique soulève des enjeux de droits fondamentaux. Aussi, nous nous demandons comment les conceptions de droits individuels et collectifs font écho à celles présentées lors des audiences publiques portant sur le projet de loi 21. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons mené une analyse discursive du rapport Pepin-Robarts et des transcriptions des audiences publiques du projet de loi 21.
Henri Bourassa, les Franco-Américains et la Première Guerre mondiale*
Authors: Lamarre Jean , Dubé1 Alexandre
Published: August 2021

Cet article se donne comme objectif de préciser les relations qui s’établissent durant la Première Guerre mondiale entre Henri Bourassa et les Franco-Américains, un sujet qui a été jusqu’ici très peu étudié. Dans ce contexte, il sera ici question d’analyser la perception de Bourassa à l’égard de celle des élites franco-américaines durant la guerre et d’étudier la manière dont elles apprécient ou non la position de Bourassa et comment elles se détachent des valeurs canadiennes-françaises que Bourassa propose. Enfin, cet article analyse les conséquences d’un conflit de perception entre le tribun qui expose ouvertement son opposition farouche à l’enrôlement forcé des Canadiens français et les élites franco-américaines qui appuient une déclaration de guerre des États-Unis afin de permettre à leurs compatriotes de participer au conflit et de démontrer leur patriotisme.
« De la langue » chez Lafitau
Authors: Galmiche-Essue Julia
Published: August 2021

Si Moeurs des sauvages amériquains, comparées aux moeurs des premiers temps (1724) a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, le dernier chapitre, intitulé « De la langue », a été laissé de côté par la plupart des commentateurs de Lafitau, car jugé décevant. Si, à première vue, l’auteur s’interroge sur le rapport entre langue et histoire, il s’agit, selon nous, d’un prétexte lui permettant de développer le lien entre religion et origines, la langue jouant le rôle d’instrument de comparaison. Si cette approche semble déboucher sur un certain relativisme en diachronie, elle conduit en réalité au renforcement des dichotomies auquel le jésuite tente d’échapper.
Irê Ayó: uma epistemologia afro-brasileira
Authors: Machado Vanda
Published: August 2021

A partir da educação e do estudo da cultura brasileira, Vanda Machado reencontra as raízes de sua identidade negra e revela nesse livro suas vivências com as crianças do axé. Conforme traduz o título, a obra destaca a lógica diaspórica, afro-brasileira, em contraposição à epistemologia colonizadora. Afinal, ela articula essa concepção de conhecimento com as políticas educacionais relativa à Lei nº 10.639/2003, que trata da obrigatoriedade de inclusão da cultura afro-brasileira nos currículos escolares, com a noção de cosmovisão, dos fenômenos do Aiyê e do Orun como fundamento ancestral. A autora, na prática com as crianças, partindo do princípio de que a educação é uma organização viva, demonstra implicações importantes do sujeito na sua condição de pertença. Contudo, por que a escola se mantém ainda rotineira, mantendo a epistemologia dominante? É a partir desse questionamento que antes de 1985 o livro se mostra como uma epistemologia a afro-brasileira iniciada na Escola Joana D’Arc no subúrbio Ferroviário de Paripe.