bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير تصريف وحدة معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي في بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية و الكيميائية و الجرثومية لمياه نهر الفرات قرب مركز مدينة الناصرية – جنوب العراق
Authors: الغالبي بشرى علي
Published: April 2024

The present study deal with measurement some physical ,chemical and bacteriological properties ofEuphrates river such as(DO,BOD,TOC ,Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn ,Fecal coli bacteria) . samples collected from fivestations in Euphrates river and wastewater treatment station near Al-Nassyria city center - southIraq,during the period Autumn 2011 to summer 2012 .The result showed that dissolved oxygen valueranged between (0.06-10.75) ml/L, BOD5 were recorded (1.8-108) ml/L, TOC were recorded (0.95-4.99)%,total number of Fecal coli bacteria were recorded(350-10)cell/100ml .This study showed that theconcentrations averages of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dissolved phase in water were (0.23,0.72,2.05,2 and5.1)/L,While there concentration in particulate phase were (4.08,18.8,11.3,22.07and 34.9)µg/g dryweight.The concentration in sediments were(3.18,21.4,37.5,68.8and 31.9)µg/g dry weight.some of thesecharacteristics (dissolved oxygen ,biological oxygen demand ,fecal coli bacteria) were overcome thestandard of the Iraqi rivers maintenance system , and the Iraqi and WHO standard for drinking,conclusion ofthis study that Wastewater treatment plant didn't decrease from pollution of pollutants in this study.
Influence of Thickness on Optical Properties of (PVA- CoCl2) films
Authors: خلف شوقي
Published: April 2024

(PVA- CoCl2) films with different thicknesses were prepared by casting method. The thickness of theprepared films were 15, 25, 35 and 45 µm .The optical transmission (T %) in the wavelength range 190-900nm of films deposited was measured. The results show that The absorption coefficient α ‹104(cm-1 ) .These films show indirect allowed transitions , the optical energy gap about (4.31 eV) for (15 µm),(4.51 eV) for (25 µm) ,(4.68 eV) for (35µm) and (4.72 eV) for (45 µm). The real and imaginary part of dielectric constantcalculated and correlated with thicknesses.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN, KUALITAS WEBSITE, DAN BRAND AWARENESS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA GENERASI MILENIAL KOTA SEMARANG DI E-COMMERCE SHOPEE
Authors: Aryanto Freddy , Kusdyah Ike , Rahman Agus
Published: April 2024

Nilai transaksi ekonomi digital di Indonesia terus meningkat, menurut penelitian Google, Temasek, dan Bain & Company memprediksi nilai tersebut meningkat menjadi US$ 70 miliar (Rp 996 triliun) pada 2021. Peningkatan transaksi e-commerce yang cukup signifikan ini merupakan salah satu efek dari meningkatnya pengguna internet terutama di kalangan generasi milenial dan generasi Z. Pertumbuhan dari pengguna internet di Indonesia ini juga diimbangi dengan meningkatnya penyebaran pengguna internet di seluruh Indonesia dimana propinsi Jawa Tengah termasuk dalam tiga besar yang mendominasinya. Di Indonesia Tokopedia dan Shopee ialah dua perusahaan e-commerce dengan pangsa pasar terbesar, melihat fakta persaingan e-commerce yang cukup sengit diatas tentunya terdapat variabel penting yang mempengaruhi konsumen dalam menetapkan keputusan untuk membeli atau memilih e-commerce mana yang sesuai dengan harapan mereka. Shopee dengan popularitas dan strateginya yang nyata, dan generasi milenial yang mendominasi penyebab meningkatnya transaksi pembelian di e-commerce. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh kualitas layanan, kualitas website, dan brand awareness terhadap keputusan pembelian pada generasi milenial kota Semarang di e-commerce Shopee, baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif dengan sumber data primer melalui kuesioner sebagai metode pengumpulan datanya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dengan jenis purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah sebanyak 135 responden dengan populasi generasi milenial yang pernah menggunakan dan bertransaksi di Shopee. Kuesioner dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert 5 point, dibuat menggunakan Google Forms, dan disebar secara online melalui WhatsApp. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah analisis regresi linier berganda. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian ini ialah kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kualitas website berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Brand awareness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kualitas layanan, kualitas website, dan brand awareness secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada e-commerce Shopee.
PENGARUH KEDISIPLINAN, MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN ALIH DAYA PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA (PERSERO) REGIONAL IV CABANG MAKASSAR NEW PORT
Authors: Yustianto Johan , Handoko Yunus , Agustina Tin
Published: April 2024

Makassar New Port (MNP) yang merupakan Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) sangat penting dan dibutuhkan saat ini oleh Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pasalnya Makassar New Port merupakan pelabuhan terbesar di Indonesia bagian timur. Adapun Fenomena yang berkaitan dengan produktivitas kerja  karyawan Alih Daya PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (persero) Regional IV Cabang Makassar New Port mengenai kedisiplinan, Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan anggota populasi sebanyak 224  karyawan dengan penarikan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebesar 144 karyawan. Metode analisis yang digunakan metode regresi linier berganda dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F, uji t dan Koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa (1) kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif tidak   signifikan terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Alih Daya PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Makassar New Port, (2) Motivasi  berpengaruh Positif dan signifikan terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Alih Daya PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Makassar New Port, (3) Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh Positif dan signifikan terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Alih Daya PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Makassar New Port, (4) Kedisiplinan,Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja  berpengaruh Positif dan signifikan terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Alih Daya PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Makassar New Port
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MINU DIKECAMATAN KALIPARE
Authors: Febriantika Shahnaz , Kusdyah Ike , Rahman Agus
Published: April 2024

Berhasilnya Pendidikan yaitu salah satunya bisa ditentukan dari kepala sekolah dalam pengolaan pendidik yang berada dalam satu system sekolahan. Penelitian berikut mengkaji pengaruh antar kepemimpinan, manajamen dan motivasi kerja kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru.Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis apakah ada pengaruh antara Variabel X1, X2 dan X2, terhadap Variabel (Y). Rancangan penelitiannya Observational Analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross – Sectional. Sampel diambil dengan Teknik Purposive Sampling termasuk dengan kriteria Inklusi dan Ekslusi di MINU Kalipare sejumlah 32 responden. Penelitian ini mengambil data melalui menyebar lembar kuesioner. Uji Statistik yang dipergunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dimana hasilnya yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru adalah motivasi kerja yang bernilai (0,000) dengan koefisien 0,542, manajemen bernilai (0,001) dengan koefisien 0,372 dan Kepemimpinan bernilai (0,022) dengan koefisien 0,221. Dengan demikian kepalsa sekolah sangat penting bagi kemajuan serta kesejahteraan Bersama.
Grupos étnicos: luchas sociales, emergencias y disputas territoriales Misak
Authors:   Universidad de Manizales, Colombia, Dávila Cruz Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2024

La lucha indígena en el departamento de Cuaca-Colombia ha significado el mayor proceso de resistencia étnica que se ha generado en la historia del país. Es por ello, que este artículo muestra una realidad geosociohistórica que sigue transformando el orden territorial estatal, al confrontar y tensionar el viejo orden moderno territorial que desde el siglo XIX se constituyó en cimiento de la realidad de la nación colombiana. A raíz de lo anterior, la investigación basa su experiencia indagatoria en un enfoque etnográfico permitiéndose así, acercarse a la comunidad indígena misak, la cual se encuentra ubicada en dicho departamento y ha hecho parte de la resistencia indígena con el fin de recuperar la tierra, el territorio; así como derrotar el colonialismo y la colonialidad, fenómenos que determinaron de manera histórica la inferioridad, opresión y subalternización de esta comunidad.
Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior Among Young African American Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Hart Trevor , L. Peterson John , Team Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study
Published: April 2024

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse among 758 young African American men who have sex with men. A quarter of the sample reported unprotected anal intercourse in the past 3 months; nonsupportive peer norms and not carrying condoms predicted risky sexual behavior. Effective interventions are needed that promote the use of condoms by changing peer norms and encouraging carrying condoms.
Gender role traits among individuals with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Roberts Karen E. , Hart Trevor , Coroiu Adina , Heimberg Richard G.
Published: April 2024

The present study investigated differences between individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD) in instrumentality and expressiveness, personality traits traditionally linked to the male and female gender roles, respectively. Based on evolutionary and self-discrepancy theories, it was hypothesized that individuals with SAD would score lower on instrumentality and report a discrepancy between their perceived and ideal level of instrumentality compared to control participants. Sixty-four patients with SAD and 31 non-anxious control participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including ratings of their perceived and ideal gender role attributes and current psychosocial distress. Results supported the hypotheses, and provided initial evidence that a discrepancy between perceived and ideal instrumentality may be linked to social anxiety severity, depression and lower quality of life. No differences were detected between groups in expressiveness. The present findings suggest that individuals with SAD perceive themselves to be deficient in instrumentality. They also suggest that increasing instrumentality among individuals with SAD may be beneficial for treatment.
“Never reflected anywhere”: Body image among ethnoracialized gay and bisexual men
Authors: Brennan David J. , Asakura Kenta , George Clemon , A. Newman Peter , Giwa Sulaimon , Hart Trevor , Souleymanov Rusty , Betancourt Gerardo
Published: April 2024

A growing body of literature has highlighted the increased prevalence of body image concerns and associations with health outcomes among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Little research, however, has examined the link between body image and social oppression for ethnoracialized GBM. Using an intersectionality lens and qualitative inductive analysis, data were collected through focus groups and interviews with GBM (n=61) who identify with one of four ethnoracial groups (Black, East/Southeast Asian, South Asian, Latino/Brazilian). Three main themes emerged: (1) body image idealization in gay/bisexual male culture, (2) negotiating a racialized body image, and (3) negotiating the impact of body image on relationship with self and others. The study results highlighted how multiple forms of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism) intersected with one another to impact the body image and overall well-being among ethnoracialized GBM.
Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Increasing the Meaningful Involvement of Women Living With HIV/AIDS (MIWA) in the Design and Delivery of HIV/ AIDS Services
Authors: Hart Trevor , Carter Allison , Greene Saara , Nicholson Valerie , O’Brien Nadia , Sanchez Margarite , de Pokomandy Alexandra , R. Loutfy Mona , Kaida Angela , Team CHIWOS Research
Published: April 2024

The meaningful involvement of women living with HIV/AIDS (MIWA) is a key feature of women-centred HIV care, yet little is known about transforming MIWA from principle to practice. Drawing on focus group data from the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), we explored HIV-positive women's meaningful involvement in the design and delivery of HIV/AIDS services in British Columbia, Canada. In this article, we highlight the benefits and tensions that emerge as women traverse multiple roles as service users and service providers within their care communities, and the impact this has on their access to care and overall health.
Health Care Provider Attitudes and Beliefs About People Living with HIV: Initial Validation of the Health Care Provider HIV/ AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS)
Authors: Wagner Anne C. , Hart Trevor , McShane Kelly E. , Margolese Shari , Girard Todd
Published: April 2024

HIV stigma is a pressing concern for people living with HIV, and particularly when it is perpetuated by health care providers, as it may affect quality of life and access to health care services. The current study describes the development and initial validation of a contextually appropriate HIV stigma scale for health care providers in North America. A ground-up qualitative approach was used to develop the scale, and it was assessed psychometrically with health care trainees across Canada. The measure demonstrates excellent internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity. The study supports a tripartite model of HIV stigma consisting of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination. The scale provides a new tool to assess HIV stigma in health care providers and can be used to inform training, intervention and self-evaluation of stigmatizing attitudes, beliefs and behaviors among providers.
Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety and HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Hart Trevor , Noor Syed W. , Vernon Julia R G , Antony Martin M. , Gardner Sandra , O'Cleirigh Conall
Published: April 2024

Given the alarmingly high HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence among gay and bisexual men (GBM) worldwide, there is a critical need for HIV prevention interventions specifically for GBM. Social anxiety, or anxiety about being evaluated in interpersonal situations, is a risk factor for condomless anal sex (CAS) among GBM (e.g., Hart & Heimberg, 2005; Hart, James, Purcell, & Farber, 2008). Social anxiety may also increase substance use in sexual situations, which is another risk factor for HIV/STIs in this risk group (Semple, Strathdee, Zians, McQuaid, & Patterson, 2011). The goal of the Sexual Confidence Study was to provide initial evidence of efficacy for a 10-session integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety, substance use management in sexual situations, and HIV sexual risk reduction for HIV-negative GBM. Diagnostic and self-report assessments were completed at baseline, posttreatment, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. In this open trial design, we observed a 50% reduction in engagement in HIV/STI sexual risk behavior at 6-month follow-up. We also observed large uncontrolled treatment effect sizes for reductions in social anxiety disorder and problematic alcohol use. These preliminary findings suggest that the present treatment may offer an efficient way of concurrently reducing social anxiety, problematic alcohol use, and the risk of contracting HIV and STIs via CAS with serodiscordant partners among HIV-negative GBM.
Project PRIDE: A Cognitive-Behavioral Group Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Negative Young Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Smith Nathan Grant , Hart Trevor , Moody Chérie , Willis Amy C. , Faaborg-Andersen Marie , Blais Martin , Adam Barry
Published: April 2024

Young gay and bisexual men are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Research suggests that the stress associated with being a stigmatized minority is related to negative mental health outcomes, substance use, and condomless sex. However, interventions aimed at reducing HIV risk behaviors in young gay and bisexual men have failed to address these important variables. The purpose of the present paper is to assist cognitive and behavioral therapists who work with young gay and bisexual men to conduct therapy for stress management and HIV prevention. This paper provides an overview of the research on stress and coping among gay and bisexual men and its relation with condomless sex among young gay and bisexual men. The treatment described here integrates minority stress theory (e.g., Meyer, 2003) and stress and coping theory (e.g., Lazarus, 2000) in a small group counseling framework that uses psychoeducation, cognitive reframing, and role plays to help young gay and bisexual men to manage stress, reduce substance use, and reduce condomless sex. The application of empirically supported theory and a combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques to reduce both psychological distress and HIV risk behavior for young gay and bisexual men is illustrated using three case examples. The present treatment may help therapists working with young HIV-negative gay and bisexual men who engage in condomless sex and who wish to remain HIV-negative by decreasing their HIV risk behavior.
A focus group qualitative study of HIV stigma in the Canadian healthcare system
Authors: Wagner Anne C. , McShane Kelly E. , Hart Trevor , Margolese Shari
Published: April 2024

Stigma related to HIV in the healthcare system has a pervasive, negative impact on the mental, physical and sexual health of people living with HIV. While well-documented before the advent of antiretroviral treatment, this stigma in Canada has not been as thoroughly examined from a critical perspective since HIV’s evolution from an acute to a chronic illness. The current study examines attitudes and beliefs of healthcare providers toward people living with HIV through the use of focus groups. Focus group participants were women living with HIV, men living with HIV, medical and nursing students, and health care providers working with people living with HIV. Data analysis was conducted with a critical lens using an immersion/ crystallization approach. Two broad themes emerged from the data: HIV-specific experiences, and components of stigma. Both negative and positive experiences were described. Discrimination, as a behavioural act, was deemed to be the less prevalent and often more covert expression of stigmatization. Stereotyping, including with regard to perceived sexuality, and prejudice were seen as more insidious and perpetuated by both the medical and educational establishments. These findings clearly demonstrate the need for change in terms of reducing the amount of stigma present in these complex, nuanced, and enduring relationships between people living with HIV and the health care system.
Understanding the Correlates of Attrition Associated with Antiretroviral Use and Viral Suppression Among Women Living with HIV in Canada
Authors: Kronfli Nadine , Lacombe-Duncan Ashley , Wang Lu , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Kaida Angela , H. Logie Carmen , Conway Tracey , Kennedy V. Logan , Burchell Ann N. , Tharao Wangari , Pick Neora , Kestler Mary , Sereda Paul , Loutfy Mona
Published: April 2024

Attrition along the cascade of HIV care compromises attainment of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals and achievement of desirable treatment outcomes for people living with HIV. Given known gender disparities in HIV care and outcomes, understanding the correlates of attrition at stages of the care cascade for women living with HIV (WLWH) is essential. Among the 1425 WLWH enrolled in the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), we measured the proportion who reported not being currently on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and the proportion who reported a detectable viral load (VL; ≥40 copies/mL) despite cART use. Correlates of these cascade indicators were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 14.8% of women were not currently on cART. Of women who were on cART, 9.0% were not virally suppressed. In multivariable analyses, age between 26 and 34, unstable housing, food insecurity, current injection drug use, higher HIV-related stigma, and racial discrimination were associated with increased odds of not being on cART. Factors associated with increased odds of reporting a detectable VL among women on cART included age ≤34 years, less than a secondary education, unstable housing, and incarceration in the previous year. Programmatic efforts to support cART use and viral suppression for WLWH in Canada should focus on social determinants of health, including housing and food insecurity, social exclusion, and education.
Validating a self-report measure of HIV viral suppression an analysis of linked questionnaire and clinical data from the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study
Authors: Carter Allison , de Pokomandy Alexandra , R. Loutfy Mona , Ding Erin , Sereda Paul , Webster Kath , Nicholson Valerie , Beaver Kerrigan , S. Hogg Robert , Kaida Angela , Team CHIWOS Research
Published: April 2024

Background: We assessed the validity of a self-report measure of undetectable viral load (VL) among women with HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Questionnaire data from the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study was linked with population-based clinical data from the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. Self-reported undetectable VL was assessed by the question: “What was your most recent VL, undetectable (i.e. <50 copies/mL) or detectable (i.e. ≥50 copies/mL)?” Laboratory measurements of VL <50 copies/mL (closest to/before study visit) were the criterion for validity analyses. We measured positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) and likelihood ratios (LR+, LR−).

Results: Of 356 participants, 99% were linked to clinical data. Those unlinked (n = 1), missing self-report VL (n = 18), or missing self-report and laboratory VL (n = 1) were excluded. Among the remaining 336: median age was 44 (IQR 37–51); 96% identified as cis-gender; 84% identified as heterosexual; and 45% identified as Indigenous, 40% White, 8% African, Caribbean, or Black, and 8% other/multiple ethnicities. Overall, 85% self-reported having an undetectable VL while 82% had clinical data indicating viral suppression. The PPV was 93.7 (95% CI 90.2–96.2) indicating that 94% of women who self-reported being undetectable truly were. The NPV was 80.4 (95% CI 66.9–90.2). LR+ was 3.2 (2.1–4.6) and LR− was 0.05 (0.03–0.10).

Conclusions: Our self-report measure assessing undetectable VL strongly predicted true viral suppression among Canadian women with HIV. This measure can be used in research settings without laboratory data in regions with high rates of VL testing and suppression.
Gay and bisexual men’s views on reforming blood donation policy in Canada: a qualitative study
Authors: Grace Daniel , Gaspar Mark , Lessard David , Klassen Benjamin , Brennan David J. , Adam Barry D. , Jollimore Jody , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Background: Researchers and activists have long called for changes to blood donation policies to end what is frequently framed as unjustified bans or deferral periods for men who have sex with men (MSM). Since 2016, in Canada, a man had to be abstinent from all sexual contact (anal or oral sex) with other men for at least 12 months in order to be an eligible blood donor. As of June 3, 2019, this deferral period was reduced to 3 months.

Methods: To better understand the acceptance of existing deferral policies and possible future policy, we conducted 47 in-depth interviews with a demographically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Canada’s three largest cities: Vancouver, (n = 17), Toronto (n = 15), and Montreal (n = 15). Interviews were coded in NVivo 11 following an inductive thematic analysis. We focus on men’s preferred policy directions and their opinions about a policy change proposed by Canada’s blood operators: a 3-month deferral for all sexual activity between men. We interviewed GBM approximately one-year before this new deferral policy was approved by Health Canada.

Results: Most participants were opposed to any deferral period in relation to MSM-specific sexual activity. A fair and safe policy was one that was the “same for everyone” and included screening for several risk factors during the blood donation process with no categorical exclusion of all sexually active MSM. Participants believed that multiple “gender blind” and HIV testing-related strategies could be integrated into the blood donation process. These preferences for a move away from MSM-specific exclusions aligned with their opinions concerning the possible change to a 3-month MSM deferral, for which participants shared three overarching perspectives: (1) step in the right direction; (2) ambivalence and uncertainty; and (3) not an improvement.

Conclusion: A predominant assertion was that a change from a 12-month to a 3-month deferral period would not resolve the fundamental issues of fairness and equity affecting blood screening practices for GBM in Canada. Many participants believed that blood donation policy should be based on more up-to-date scientific evidence concerning risk factor assessment and HIV testing.
Population-Level Sexual Mixing According to HIV Status and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Montreal, Canada: Implications for HIV Prevention
Authors: Wang Linwei , Moqueet Nasheed , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Rodrigues Ricky , Cox Joseph , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Noor Syed W. , Armstrong Heather L. , Tan Darrell H. S. , Burchell Ann N. , Ma Huiting , Apelian Herak , Knight Jesse , Messier-Peet Marc , Jollimore Jody , Baral Stefan , Hart Trevor , Moore David M , Mishra Sharmistha
Published: April 2024

Using cross-sectional survey data (Engage, 2017-2018) from 1,137 men who have sex with men, ≥16 years old, in Montreal, we compared observed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconcordance in previous-6-months' sexual partnerships with what would have been observed by chance if zero individuals serosorted. Of 5 recent partnerships where both individuals were HIV-negative, we compared observed concordance in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use with the counterfactual if zero individuals selected partners based on PrEP use. We estimated the concordance by chance using a balancing-partnerships approach assuming proportionate mixing. HIV-positive respondents had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners (66.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.0, 68.6) than by chance (23.9%, 95% CI: 23.1, 24.7). HIV-negative respondents (both on and not on PrEP) had higher proportions of HIV-negative partners (82.9% (95% CI: 81.1, 84.7) and 90.7% (95% CI: 89.6, 91.7), respectively) compared with by chance (76.1%, 95% CI: 75.3, 76.9); however, those on PrEP had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners than those not on PrEP (17.1% (95% CI: 15.3, 18.9) vs. 9.3% (95% CI: 8.3, 10.4). Those on PrEP also had a higher proportion of partners on PrEP among their HIV-negative partners (50.6%, 95% CI: 42.5, 58.8) than by chance (28.5%, 95% CI: 27.5, 29.4). The relationship between PrEP and sexual-mixing patterns demonstrated by less population-level serosorting among those on PrEP and PrEP-matching warrants consideration during PrEP roll-out.
It’s in Me to Give: Canadian Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Men’s Willingness to Donate Blood If Eligible Despite Feelings of Policy Discrimination
Authors: Grace Daniel , Gaspar Mark , Klassen Benjamin , Lessard David , Brennan David J. , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Adam Barry D. , Cox Joseph , Lambert Gilles , Anand Praney , Jollimore Jody , Moore David , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Blood donation policies governing men who have sex with men have shifted significantly over time in Canada—from an initial lifetime ban in the wake of the AIDS crisis to successive phases of time-based deferment requiring periods of sexual abstinence (5 years to 1 year to 3 months). We interviewed 39 HIV-negative gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority men (GBM) in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal to understand their willingness to donate blood if eligible. Transcripts were coded following inductive thematic analysis. We found interrelated and competing expressions of biological and sexual citizenship. Most participants said they were “safe”/“low risk” and “willing” donors and would gain satisfaction and civic pride from donation. Conversely, a smaller group neither prioritized the collectivizing biological citizenship goals associated with expanding blood donation access nor saw this as part of sexual citizenship priorities. Considerable repair work is required by Canada’s blood operators to build trust with diverse GBM communities.
Measuring Adverse Childhood Experiences: Comparing Individual, Composite, Score‑based and Latent Profile‑based Scoring Schemas Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Noor Syed W. , Sutherland Jessica E. , Vernon Julia R G , Adam Barry D. , Brennan David J. , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., neglect, sexual abuse) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) may not occur in isolation, but may be connected and occur in clusters. Most studies have measured ACEs individually, hierarchically, additively, or in a binary fashion (presence or absence of ACEs), rather than treating them as connected and clustered. This study examined these competing approaches of scoring ACEs and their relative power at predicting health outcomes. We examined abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) and neglect (physical and emotional) experiences among a non-random sample of 470 Toronto GBM using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form subscales. We compared five scoring schemas: (1) five individual scores for each form of maltreatment; (2) a composite score summing all of the maltreatment scores; (3) a hierarchical regression model with sexual abuse entered first then followed by physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect; (4) a severity-based categorization; and (5) a latent profile-based categorization. Experiences of abuse and neglect were not uncommon (22-33%) and some participants experienced multiple forms of abuse and neglect (r = .33-.65, df = 464-467; p < .001; shared variance, r2 = 11-43%). Results show the dose-response effects of ACEs and highlight the importance of examining ACEs in clusters rather than individually. Latent profile analysis identified GBM who experienced multiple and frequent ACEs, and also identified the types of ACEs they experienced: crucial information that was obscured in score-based or severity-based approaches.
Stressors Based on Sexual Orientation and Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in China: Minority Stress and Perceived Pressure to Get Married
Authors: Zheng Lijun , Hart Trevor , Noor Syed W. , Wen Guangju
Published: April 2024

Chinese Confucian filial piety posits that getting married and having children to maintain family bloodlines is a fundamental duty of children to their parents. Chinese lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals experience added stresses because of the pressure to get married from parents, social environments, and themselves. However, no research thus far has examined the influence of this added stressor, called "pressure to get married," on the mental health of LGB individuals in China. This study examined the influence of sexual orientation-based stresses (i.e., LGB minority stress and perceived pressure to get married) on mental health among 543 Chinese single LGB individuals (259 gay men, 161 lesbians, 68 bisexual men, and 55 bisexual women). We developed a new measure of stress based on perceived pressure to get married and found three factors based on pressure sources: social pressure, parental pressure, and internalized pressure. Both minority stress and perceived pressure to get married were associated with worse mental health. Minority stress and perceived external pressure (i.e., perceived social and parental pressure) were found to be components of a second-order latent variable, called sexual orientation-based stress, which was associated with worse mental health. Sexual orientation-based stress is associated with mental health through coping/emotion and cognitive, but not social, processes. The results indicate that the pressure to get married experienced by Chinese LGB individuals need to be examined further. The findings indicated that the perceived pressure to get married was another significant stressor based on sexual orientation and minority stress, and was associated with mental health among Chinese LGB individuals.
HIV incidence and related risks among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver: Informing blood donor selection criteria in Canada
Authors: Lambert Gilles , Cox Joseph , Fourmigue Alain , Dvorakova Milada , Apelian Herak , Moodie Erica E.M. , Grace Daniel , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Moore David M , Lachowsky Nathan , Jollimore Jody , Lal Allan , Parlette Abbie , Hart Trevor , Team the Engage Study
Published: April 2024

Background: An individualized behavior-based selection approach has potential to allow for a more equitable blood donor eligibility process. We collected biological and behavioral data from urban gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) to inform the use of this approach in Canada.

Study design and methods: Engage is a closed prospective cohort of sexually active GBM, aged 16+ years, recruited via respondent-driven-sampling (RDS) in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada. Participants completed a questionnaire on behaviors (past 6 months) and tested for HIV and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections at each visit. Rate ratios for HIV infection and predictive values for blood donation eligibility criteria were estimated by RDS-adjusted Poisson regression.

Results: Data on 2008 (study visits 2017-02 to 2021-08) HIV-negative participants were used. The HIV incidence rate for the three cities was 0.4|100 person-years [95%CI:0.3, 0.6]. HIV seroconversion was associated with age <30 years: adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 9.1 [95%CI:3.2, 26.2], 6-10 and >10 anal sex partners versus 1-6 aRR: 5.3 [2.1,13.5] and 8.4 [3.4, 20.9], and use of crystal methamphetamine during sex: 4.2 [1.5, 11.6]. Applying the combined selection criteria: drug injection, ≥2 anal sex partners, and a new anal sex partner, detected all participants who seroconverted (100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value), and would defer 63% of study participants from donating.

Conclusion: Using three screening questions regarding drug injection and sexual behaviors in the past 6 months would correctly identify potential GBM donors at high risk of having recently contracted HIV. Doing so would reduce the proportion of deferred sexually active GBM by one-third.

Keywords: behavior-based screening; blood donation; blood donation policy; blood donor deferral; men who have sex with men; residual HIV risk; risk of transfusion-related infection; selection criteria; sexual behavior.
Examining differential success in recruitment using respondent driven sampling (RDS) in a multi-site study of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men
Authors: Sang Jordan M. , Gholamian Bita , Wang Lu , Barath Justin , Noor Syed W. , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Hart Trevor , Cox Joseph , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Lal Allan , Parlette Abbie , Apelian Herak , Jollimore Jody , S. Hogg Robert , Moore David M.
Published: April 2024

Background

The Engage Study is a longitudinal biobehavioral cohort study of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Baseline data (2,449 participants) were collected from February 2017 - August 2019 using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Recruitment in Montreal required fewer seeds, had a much shorter recruitment period, and recruited the largest sample.

Methods

To better understand why RDS recruitment was more successful in Montreal compared to other sites, we conducted an analysis to examine RDS recruitment characteristics for GBM in each of the three study sites, explore demographic characteristics and measures of homophily, that is, the tendency of individuals to recruit other study participants who are like themselves, and compared motivations for study participation.

Results

Montreal had the greatest proportion of participants over the age of 45 (29.1% in Montreal, 24.6% in Vancouver, and 21.0% in Toronto) and the highest homophily for this age group, but homophily was high across the three cities. Montreal also reported the lowest percentage of participants with an annual income greater or equal to $60,000 (7.9% in Montreal, 13.1% in Vancouver and 10.6% in Toronto), but homophily was similar across all three cities. The majority of participants indicated interest in sexual health and HIV as the main reason for participating (36.1% in Montreal, 34.7% in Vancouver, and 29.8% in Toronto). Financial interest as the main reason for participation was low (12.7% in Montreal, 10.6% in Vancouver, and 5.7% in Toronto).

Conclusion

Taken together, although we found some differences in study demographic characteristics and homophily scores, we were unable to fully explain the different recruitment success based on the data available. Our study underlines the fact that success of RDS implementation may vary by unknown factors, and that researchers should be proactive and flexible to account for variability.
Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Chambers Catharine , Deeks Shelley L. , Sutradhar Rinku , Cox Joseph , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Grennan Troy , Hart Trevor , Lambert Gilles , Moore David M. , Grace Daniel , Grewal Ramandip , Jollimore Jody , Lachowsky Nathan , Nisenbaum Rosane , Ogilvie Gina , Sauvageau Chantal , Tan Darrell H.S. , Coutlée François , Burchell Ann N.
Published: April 2024

Background: Real-world evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against longitudinal outcomes is lacking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We compared 12-month incidence and persistence of anal HPV infection between vaccinated and unvaccinated GBM.

Methods: We recruited GBM aged 16-30 years in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada, from 2017 to 2019. Participants were followed over a median of 12 months (interquartile range, 12-13 months). Participants self-reported HPV vaccination and self-collected anal specimens for HPV DNA testing. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) for 12-month cumulative incidence and persistence with ≥1 quadrivalent vaccine type (HPV 6/11/16/18) between vaccinated (≥1 dose at baseline) and unvaccinated participants using a propensity score-weighted, modified Poisson regression.

Results: Among 248 participants, 109 (44.0%) were vaccinated at baseline, of whom 62.6% received 3 doses. PRs for HPV 6/11/16/18 were 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], .24-1.31) for cumulative incidence and 0.53 (95% CI, .25-1.14) for persistence. PRs were 0.23 (95% CI, .05-1.03) and 0.08 (95% CI, .01-.59) for incidence and persistence, respectively, among participants who received their first dose at age ≤23 years and 0.15 (95% CI, .03-.68) and 0.12 (95% CI, .03-.54) among participants who were sexually active for ≤5 years before vaccination.

Conclusions: Findings support national recommendations for HPV vaccination at younger ages or soon after sexual debut.
EVENT MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Evanthi Ayundha , Azhar Ratih Mukti
Published: April 2024

Social entrepreneurship is a growing phenomenon that is currently attracting much public attention due to its potential to reduce social problems and improve people's well-being. Events hosted by social entrepreneurs may present vital chances for venues to enhance the event's goal and happiness. This study aims to (1) examine event management and social entrepreneurship while focusing on the relationships, dimensions, and context-specific functions that each play, and (2) identify the link between social entrepreneurship and event management so that it can be used to construct future theories. This study uses VOSviewer to visualize how event management and social entrepreneurship were meant from numerous earlier papers using bibliometric analysis. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of how event management may be used in social entrepreneurship to increase behavioral intention and improve event experiences. For further research, the recommendations listed below are provided. Researchers may also develop new theories and event management literature to further the discussion and research on this subject.
SATISFACTION OF UMRAH PILGRIMS IN UMRAH AND HAJJ PLUS TRAVEL ARMINAREKA PERDANA JEMBER
Authors: Rahayu Jekti
Published: April 2024

Indonesia gets a very large quota for Umrah pilgrims, making a lot of Umrah travel mushrooming and having intense competition in creating satisfaction for the pilgrims. The case of ignored pilgrims makes some people worry about choosing travel and having low trust in them. This study aims to analyze the satisfaction of Umrah pilgrims of Arminareka Perdana Jember with a quantitative approach. Samples were taken of 238 respondents with a simple random sampling approach. Research data was obtained by distributing digital and printed questionnaires to pilgrims who had completed Umrah. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique. The results of the analysis show that there is a strong relationship between several research variables on the satisfaction of Umrah pilgrims, which are price perception, service quality and trust. Improvements in price perceptions, service quality and trust led to an increase in the satisfaction of Umrah pilgrims.
ANALYSIS OF THE WELFARE OF TOBACCO FARMERS IN BANARAN VILLAGE, TEMBARAK DISTRICT, TEMANGGUNG REGENCY
Authors: mebis Maman Faudzi , Khoirudin Rifki , Afifah Hasna Laili Nur , Abasimi Ignatius
Published: April 2024

Farmers' welfare plays an important role in increasing and maintaining agricultural production. Tobacco is one of the plants that has high value and is easy to grow in Indonesia and has an influence on society and economic development, especially agriculture. This study aims to determine whether income, land area, length of education, length of work, and household consumption affect the welfare of tobacco farmers in Banaran Village, Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency. The population in this study were the people of Banaran Village, Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling method, namely 200 samples. This research uses descriptive analysis and multinomial logit test. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 2 variables that had a positive and significant influence, namely the variable land area of ​​0.034 and length of work variable of 0.048, while the variables that were not significant were income of 0.407, length of education of 0.209, and household consumption variable of 0.275. And for the simultaneous test all the independent variables used influence the welfare of tobacco farmers.
Dynamics of Language Interaction in Multicultural Urban Communities: Analysis of Socio-Cultural Linguistic Environment
Authors: Syam Christanto , Seli Sesilia , Abdu Wamaungo Juma
Published: April 2024

This research undertakes a thorough exploration of the intricate dynamics characterizing socio-cultural linguistic interactions within multicultural urban communities, with a specific emphasis on language usage patterns. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study meticulously examines data gathered through participatory observation and interviews conducted with individuals representing diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The findings illuminate the central role played by identity, power dynamics, and stereotypes in shaping the formation and utilization of language within the complex tapestry of multicultural societies. Individuals navigate their language choices based on perceived power dynamics and societal expectations associated with their cultural identities, highlighting the profound interplay between socio-cultural factors and linguistic practices. Furthermore, the study underscores the influence of cultural blending and technological advancements on language usage, showcasing how interactions among diverse cultural groups contribute to the rich linguistic diversity observed in urban settings. By offering a comprehensive analysis, this research provides valuable insights into the nuanced ways in which socio-cultural contexts shape language interactions, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of intercultural communication dynamics and offering implications for promoting social cohesion within multicultural communities. Ultimately, this study underscores the significance of recognizing and appreciating the complexities inherent in language use within diverse urban environments, paving the way for more inclusive and effective communication strategies tailored to meet the needs of multicultural societies.
THE URGENCY OF QANUN TO IMPLEMENT BIREUEN AS A SANTRI CITY
Authors: Eriani Dian
Published: April 2024

Bireuen Regent's Decree Number 553 of 2020 designated Bireuen as a Santri City. As a Santri City, the behavior and conduct of the community is expected to reflect the objectives of this establishment, namely as a center for Islamic education, a model of Dayah education, and an Islamic reference center in Aceh. Apart from that, the aim of this determination is to make the people of Bireuen individuals who have good morals, are religious, and love science, as well as to ensure that the Bireuen region, especially Aceh in general, becomes a just and prosperous area. Apart from that, a road map for Bireuen as a Santri City in Aceh needs to be drawn up. Until now, Bireuen district does not yet have a Regional Regulation that regulates the implementation of Bireuen as a Santri City. Therefore, the urgency of qanun regarding the implementation of Bireuen as a Santri City in Bireuen district is a problem in this research. This research uses empirical legal research methods with a qualitative approach. Even though the government has issued a policy through Decree of the Regent of Bireuen Number 774 of 2021 concerning the Determination of the Study of Baksul Masail Khasanah Bireuen Santri City and Circular Letter Number 451/975/2020 concerning the Implementation of Bireuen as a Santri City, the implementation has not gone as expected. The implementation of Bireuen as a Santri City will not be optimal if only a few aspects of community life are regulated. Therefore, to achieve this goal, regulations are needed that regulate every aspect of the diverse social life of the community, so that they can become a supporting pillar in the implementation policy of Bireuen as a Santri City. With the existence of Qanun, technical and administrative needs related to this matter can be implemented optimally.