bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of spinal disorders through three-dimensional reconstruction of the human dorsum
Authors: Ribeiro Elisângela , Batista Barreto Bianca , Alves Braga Junior Roberto , Pujaico Ribera Fernando , Gomes Barbosa Marco Antônio , Ribeiro Lima Renato , Alves Fernandes Allan
Published: July 2024

The most common human health issue among workers is pain in the dorsum region. This can be attributed to the occupational hazard inherent to certain activities that require great physical effort or incorrect posture. These workers may end up spending their entire working hours, after the aggressive behaviour to their spine, developing diseases and thus the pain in the dorsum that is the posterior area of the human body. In addition, most people do not focus on preventive behaviour, such as correct posture far from work that can cause spinal disorders over time, compromising the health of the spine. On the other hand, health professionals usually do not use technological tools to aid the postural analysis, performing only a subjective visual observation. Therefore, the identification of spinal disorders varies based on the degree of knowledge of each professional, yielding in misjudgement. With the advancement of technology, it was possible to develop an accessible system capable of mapping a 3D profile of the human dorsum, comparable to high-cost systems available on the market. This work aimed to validate a methodology of 3D reconstruction of human dorsa regarding the posture. The validation, approved by Ethical Committee, digitized 54 volunteers used a mathematical model based on geometrical optics (MMGeO). The digital surfaces were analysed by an expert who made the postural evaluation using the traditional Symmetrograph. There wasn’t statistical difference between the methods when the disorder was clear, but MMGeO could identify small asymmetries while the traditional method fail to detect.
Exploring a Qualitative Study on the Needs of Orthopaedic Muslim Patients During Period of Immobilisation
Authors: Nik Mohd Hatta Nik Noor Kaussar , Zulkifli Nur Hulwani , Firdaus Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi , Che Hasan Muhammad Kamil
Published: July 2024

Background: The ramifications of immobilisation manifest in a spectrum of physical and mental complications across participants demographics, irrespective of age. The resultant challenges impede individuals from independently executing routine activities, such as bathing and mobility. Consequently, there is an escalating demand for nursing care to assist participants, while concurrently, meeting these needs becomes progressively challenging. This study aims to explore the needs of orthopaedic Muslim participants during their period of immobilisation.
Methods: This qualitative investigation adopted a semi-structured interview approach to engage participants, specifically Muslim orthopaedic participants at the Orthopaedic Ward of Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM (SASMEC@IIUM). The study encompassed interviews with 10 participants, each experiencing immobilisation due to varying reasons and for differing durations. The interviews aimed to discern the participants' needs, Islamic practices observed during immobilisation, and their satisfaction levels regarding received nursing care.
Results: The study's findings elucidated multifaceted needs encompassing physical, psychological, psychosocial, financial aspects, pain management during immobilisation, Islamic practices, and nursing care satisfaction. Immobilisation profoundly affects participants across physical, psychological, psychosocial, and religious dimensions, necessitating support from individuals, aid from specialized equipment, communal assistance, the application of Rukhsah (Islamic dispensation), and tailored nursing care.
Conclusion: High-quality care from both nurses and family members is imperative to adequately address the myriad needs of immobilized participants. Enhanced support and attentive care significantly mitigate the risk of complications in participants recovery.
Control of a grid-connected photovoltaic system for the object needs with the possibility of increasing power over the consumption limit.
Authors: Oleksandr SHAVOLKIN ,   State Institution of Higher Education «Kiev National University of Technologies and Design», D. V. STATSENKO ,   State Institution of Higher Education «Kiev National University of Technologies and Design»
Published: July 2024

The control of a photovoltaic system with a battery for the object needs according to the forecast of photovoltaic generation with the possibility of increasing the load power above the limit for consumption from the grid is considered. At the same time, the goal is to limit the depth of battery discharge and energy consumption during peak demand hours. A system has been proposed for regulating the power consumed from the grid based on the deviation of the battery state of charge relative to a given schedule, which is determined by forecast using an additional variable that sets a limit on power consumption. This ensures the minimum possible value of the discharge depth and peak consumption in accordance with photovoltaic generation for the degree of power increase from 1 to 1.5. An algorithm and control structure has been developed. The system is not critical by the load schedule and discharge depth value are maintained even when photovoltaic generation is below forecast by up to 20%. The possibilities for reducing peak demand are limited. Key words: hybrid photovoltaic system, battery discharge depth, power regulation, battery state of charge formation, increasing power over the limit of consumption from the grid, photovoltaic generation forecast, daily cycle modeling
Aspects of integration into the electric network of decentralized generation based on renewable energy sources: an overview of issues and tasks for the sustainable development of the energy system.
Authors: L.V. DAVYDENKO ,   Lutsk National Technical University, V.A. DAVYDENKO ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to an overview of the issues associated with the integration of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources into the electric power system and their impact on the operation of the electric network. The main tasks for ensuring the sustainable functioning of the integrated electric power system are considered. The application of hybrid renewable energy systems and the concept of Smart Grid and Micro Grid technologies are considered as a tool for solving the identified problems. The structure of the hybrid renewable energy system for increasing the stability of power generation in the Micro Grid is considered. The main tasks of the energy management system for an integrated Micro Grid with various renewable energy sources are described. The structure of the information technology of integrated monitoring and energy management of the hybrid renewable energy system is proposed. Information technology is a combination of a number of complex subsystems of a single system of data storage, search, display and analysis. Creating information technology based on the principle of modularity and openness allows changing its structure. One of the results of information technology work is the construction of a load profile model in the Micro Grid, which takes into account the power consumption model (taking into account the cyclical changes caused by the influence of climatic, seasonal and social factors) and the generation model from each type of renewable energy source of the hybrid system (taking into account the influence of weather factors). Predictive models are the basis for planning electricity generation from renewable energy sources and planning the load profile in the Micro Grid to implement demand side management strategies. Keywords: renewable energy sources, hybrid renewable energy system, Smart Grid, Micro Grid.
DISCOURSE: KNOWLEDGE, NEWS, AND FAKE INTERTWINED
Authors: Gryshchenko Olena
Published: July 2024

Discourse has been a focal point for linguists over an extended period. The multidisciplinary character of the term ‘discourse’ has resulted in diverse approaches aiming to define and explore this phenomenon. The study of various facets of discourse significantly enhances its comprehension. For our understanding, discourse encompasses the following pertinent characteristics: it is a communicative process, a dialogue, an interaction between communicators; it is a structure, a system, a distinct way of representing and perceiving the world, a special language and world, an expression and manifestation of national identity.
Discourse implies knowledge, as it includes various types of it. Knowledge and news are closely linked. They are processed in discourse and with the help of it. Any explicit or implicit knowledge and news influence discourse production and comprehension. True and fake information can alter existing types of knowledge and create new ones, influence mental processes, and shape new mental models.
The aim of the article is to describe discourse in its close connection with its main constituents – knowledge, news and fake.
‘Fake’ becomes a linguistic and discursive matter. It is associated with the concepts of ‘lie’, ‘deception’, and ‘manipulation’. Corpus data about ‘fake’ and ‘fake news’ give a bigger picture of the overall context of their representation, changes and dynamics in the usage.  The widespread influence of fake is provided with the help of mass media. Strategic control of knowledge in the interaction process is achieved through the use of knowledge itself, accordingly, it becomes possible to control knowledge by means of deception and fake. Fake news is a genre of news information and news discourse, it is an integrative type of media text.  The main goal of fake news is to deceive and manipulate consciousness of a wide audience. Manipulation entails language to subtly influence recipients, encouraging them covertly to undertake particular actions.
Fake news can be studied within news discourse, media discourse, television discourse, manipulative discourse, political discourse, discourse of fake, and other types.
Thus, knowledge, news and fake presented in discourse and with the help of it allow to create ‘new knowledge’, shape the audience’s understanding of discourse, make and generate mental models, control and restrict access to certain information, manipulate consciousness of the audience, transform traditional mental attitudes associated with the pursuit of truth.
Phraseologisms with somatic components in Halyna Tarasyuk’s prose
Authors: Nasminchuk Iryna
Published: July 2024

The article examines the specifics of the functioning of phraseological units with somatism components in the prose discourse of modern Ukrainian literature. Semantic, emotional-semantic and figurative-expressive qualities of somatic phraseological units, which accumulate features of the worldview of the Ukrainian people, are considered on the basis Halyna Tarasyuk’s prose works. The rich illustrative material is taken from the novels «Haspid and Margarita», «My Third and Last Marriage», «Death is the Sister of My Loneliness», «Love and Sin of Mary Magdalene», «Predator», «Qin Huan Gong» and some short stories.
It was found that the most common in the analyzed prose are phraseological units with the names of such parts of the human body as the head, eye, hand, leg, finger. The analysis of somatic vocabulary provides an opportunity to deepen knowledge about the relationship between language and thinking, worldview, and mental characteristics of the nation.
The article statistically identifies the five main and most numerous groups of phraseological units with somatism components in the language of the prose works of Halyna Tarasyuk according to their semantic qualities: 1) they denote the physical space of a person, 2) they outline relationships in society, 3) they characterize animate and inanimate nature, 4) express emotions, mental states and feelings, 5) distinguish between sacred and profane. According to structural qualities, phraseological fusions, phraseological units and phraseological combinations are distinguished. In the context of the analysis of prose texts, both common and modified somatic idioms are considered, and their functional and stylistic qualities are clarified. The functional load of somatic phraseological units, their role in the representation and individualization of characters in artistic works is traced. Semantic, emotional-semantic and figurative-expressive characteristics of somatic phraseology in the analyzed texts correlate with the human-centric perception of reality. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Halyna Tarasyuk’s phraseological nomination is determined, on the one hand, by ethnic stereotypes related to the concept of the human body, and on the other hand, by the dominants of the author’s worldview.
Peculiarities of landscape lyrics by Yar Slavutych (based on the cycle «Kherson sonnets»)
Authors: Liashenko Iryna
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the peculiarities of landscape poetry by Yar Slavutych in the cycle "Kherson Sonnets". It is revealed that the main image of the cycle is the steppe as a sign of the lyrical hero's small motherland. In describing the steppe, Yar Slavutych achieves high expressiveness, artistic and emotional content through a whole system of key words-images, word-concepts that create a wonderful picture of the author's worldview and feelings. These words perform an important textual function, creating a major tone of the narrative. Thanks to them, images of Ukraine, the native land, and the boundless expanse of the steppe are created. The poet was able to psychologically convey his love for his native land, his native Kherson region. The cycle "Kherson Sonnets" closes with the image of the lyrical hero's journey into the unknown future. The opposition between a foreign country and motherland emerges, and this is one of the leading motifs of Yar Slavutych's lyrics.
The time in the cycle "Kherson Sonnets" is not clear. The seasons are clearly distinguished: spring - summer - autumn. In most of Yar Slavutych's sonnets from the cycle "Kherson Sonnets", attention is focused on one moment in the nature of the southern steppe, as if in a "freeze-frame". In the sonnet cycle, we meet the rich world of flora and fauna, which the poet personifies in his depiction.
An important place in the image system of the cycle "Kherson Sonnets" is held by images related to human life in the steppe - a field, a pond, a bee. The opposition between steppe and field is not clear, but it is evident. The steppe appears untouched, purely natural, while the field is cultivated by people, closer to Ukrainian villages.
In the sonnets by Yar Slavutych, the conceptuality of natural elements is clearly traced: the heavenly bodies, the earth, and water. The poet widely and skillfully uses many tropes (metaphors, metonymies, litanies, etc.). The image that combines the power of the elements of nature and at the same time is purely human is the image of a man - a man of work. One of the key images-symbols associated with the life of people in the steppe in the poetry of Yar Slavutych is the image of the path.
The distinctive means of the poetics of the "Kherson Sonnets" are the following: major language style, classical metrics, musical phrasing, metaphor, hyperbole, instantaneous perception of what is seen, and wide-ranging thought.
Multidrug Resistant Fungal Isolates from Blood and Urine Samples in Covid-19 Infected Admitted Patients During the Second Wave of Pandemic in India
Authors: Bhagawati Gitali
Published: July 2024

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic engulfed the whole world with far-reaching consequences on overall health across the globe. In India, second wave of Covid-19 was more devastating; bacterial and fungal co-infections were mostly undiagnosed or under reported due to the constant focus on the virus. Our study was to identify the cases of multidrug resistant fungus in blood and urine in Covid-19 infected patients. Material and Methods: The retrospective study was carried out during the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic in India in the department of microbiology in a 200 bedded tertiary care hospital in Delhi, over a period of two months- April, and May 2021. Truenat Real Time PCR (Molbio diagnostics Pvt., Ltd., Goa, India) was used for confirming the cases of Covid-19 from nasopharyngeal samples. All blood samples for culture were processed in automated blood culture machine (BACTEC FX40, Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany). For fungal culture, paired tubes of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) were used. Vitek 2 Compact System 8.01 (bioMérieux, Inc. Durham, North Carolina/USA) was used for the final identification of yeast and yeast like fungus (YYLF) and their antifungal susceptibility pattern (AFSP). Control strains included Candida albicans ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 14053, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 etc. Results: During the 2nd wave of pandemic in India, out of total patients undergone testing by Truenat RT-PCR, Confirmed Covid-19 infection (CCI) was found to be 53.09%. Out of this, patients admitted with Severe Covid-19 infection (SCI) was 22.96%. Blood culture positivity rate among admitted cases were 6.72% (54/803); out of this fungemia was seen in 16.67% (9/54). The prevalence of UTI among Covid-19 infected patients was found to be 18.09% (150/829); YYLF relate UTI was seen in 32% (48/150) patients. Fungal urosepsis (FUS) was found in seven cases of Covid-19 infections; causative agents included C. auris 71.43% (5/7), C. albicans 14.28% (1/7) and T. asahii 14.28% (1/7). All the patients with FUS with SCI had history of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay (>10days) with comorbid condition like diabetes mellitus (DM) (57.14%) and hypertension (HTN) (57.14%). All of them (100%) were catheterized and were on central lines. Out of the 7 patients, 5 (71.43%) were on mechanical ventilator. C. auris isolates were 100% resistant to fluconazole (Minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC >32 mg/L) and voriconazole (MIC >1 mg/L); however, 100% sensitive to caspofungin (MIC 0.25) and micafungin (MIC <0.06). Conclusion: Elderly patients with high risk factors and associated comorbidity were mostly succumbed to MDR YYLF infections along with Covid-19 infection; many leading to urosepsis with high mortality rate. Covid-19 virus itself and its management were favourable conditions for IFI. Therefore, looking at the drug resistance, prompt diagnosis and treatment are imperative with respect to secondary infections.
Herniation of Gravid Uterus: Case Report
Authors: Singh Anuradha
Published: July 2024

Incisional hernia is the most common long-term complication of abdominal surgery. After midline laparotomy, more than 10% of patients develop an incisional hernia. Anterior abdominal wall hernias are uncommon in pregnancy. Hernias complicating pregnancy can be an obstetric as well as a surgical challenge to manage especially if the hernia is complicated or the patient comes into labor at term gestation. We reported 2 cases of a young woman who presented to us with term gestation in labor with a large anterior abdominal wall hernia and the challenges we faced in managing the cases.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Mangrove Di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Mirring Polewali Mandar
Authors: Nirwana  , Bulan Rita , Rusmidin
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the types of mangroves that grow in the Mirring Village Mangrove Forest Area Polewali Mandar Regency and Know the diversity of mangrove plant species that thrive in Mirring Village Polewali Mandar Regency. The population in this study are mangroves that grow in the Mirring Village mangrove forest area. The sample in this study was all types of mangroves in the Mirring Village mangrove forest area. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection uses the striped path method, which combines the transect method with the plot method. Data analysis was done by calculating the composition of vegetation types and ecological indices of mangrove forests The results showed that the types of mangroves found in Tappina Hamlet Mirring Village there are 9 types namely Sonneratia alba, Rizhopora Stylosa, Xylocarpus muloccesnsis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera Parviflora, dolichandrone spathacea, excoecaria agallocha. Mangrove species diversity level showed moderate species diversity including trees 1.41, saplings 1.58 and seedlings 1.59.
 
Keywords: Mangrove, Diversity, Polewali.
Tendencias sobre la futura reforma fiscal verde en el sistema fiscal español
Authors: Montoro López Ana
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La crisis de sostenibilidad global exige acciones urgentes, especialmente en el ámbito tributario. Este artículo analiza las tendencias en la reforma fiscal verde en España, basándose en recomendaciones de organizaciones internacionales y evaluando sus posibles impactos. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de las recomendaciones de organizaciones internacionales y de los impactos potenciales de la reforma fiscal verde en el sistema tributario español. Resultados: El estudio concluye que la reforma fiscal verde tiene un gran potencial para promover la sostenibilidad y la justicia fiscal en España. Discusión: Para maximizar los beneficios y minimizar los desafíos de la reforma, es esencial una implementación cuidadosa y considerada, así como la cooperación internacional. Conclusiones: La reforma fiscal verde puede ser una herramienta eficaz para enfrentar la crisis de sostenibilidad global, siempre y cuando se implemente con atención y se fomente la cooperación a nivel internacional.
PSYCHIATRIC PRESENTATIONS OF PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY: A CLINICAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Khakimova Indira I. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 21, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Nasretdinova Yulia G. , Ibragimova Olga Yu. , Imaeva Olesya U. , Morugova Tatyana V. , Avzaletdinova Diana Sh. ,   Bashkir State Medical University,   Bashkir State Medical University,   Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa,   Bashkir State Medical University,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) arises from a deficit in hormone synthesis and secretion in the adrenal cortex due to disruptions in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system. Primary AI results from adrenal cortex destruction, primarily autoimmune in nature, posing a severe, life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate production of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Clinical manifestations of AI progress gradually, becoming apparent only when about 90% of the adrenal cortex is compromised, leading to insufficiencies in aldosterone and cortisol. The symptoms of AI lack specificity, often causing delays in diagnosis and diagnostic inaccuracies. Sharing our diagnostic and treatment experiences of primary AI, initially misinterpreted as a psychiatric disorder, can offer valuable insights to endocrinologists and healthcare professionals across various specialties.
RISK FACTORS FOR HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ALTAI REGIONAL ONCOLOGIC DISPENSARY AND REGIONAL CLINICAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Petrova A. A. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital, Barnaul, Lukyanenko N. V. ,   Altai State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Background. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant challenge in modern healthcare due to their widespread prevalence and detrimental impact on patient health and treatment outcomes. Objectives. This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with HAIs in patients with gynecologic oncologic pathology across a specialized healthcare facility and a large, multidisciplinary hospital. Material and Methods. The study utilized official statistical reports, informative and analytical data, accounting and reporting documentation, as well as patient case histories and outpatient records spanning from 2015 to 2020. Descriptive-evaluative epidemiological, laboratory, and statistical methods were employed, along with quantitative risk assessment tools and the calculation of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using the Wilson method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel program. Results. Analysis of the risk of HAIs development, considering the cumulative impact of both endogenous and exogenous factors, revealed a significantly higher risk among patients with gynecologic oncologic pathology in the main group (relative risk (RR) = 14.66; 95% CI 7.17:29.99). Conclusions. Identifying oncologic patients at risk of HAIs during hospitalization in both oncologic and multidisciplinary medical settings is crucial for implementing tailored prevention strategies to mitigate infectious complications based on the specific nature of the underlying disease and the type of anticancer treatment administered.
Каталитическая активность высокодисперсных твердых растворов Ce 0.85 Zr 0.10 MЕ 0.05 O 2–δ , где Mе — La, Nd, Gd, в реакции полного окисления метана
Authors: Либерман Елена Юрьевна , Боброва Мария Сергеевна , Юн Эрик Артемович , Клеусов Борис Сергеевич , Конькова Татьяна Владимировна , Нефедова Наталья Владимировна
Published: July 2024

Высокодисперсные твердые растворы Ce0.85Zr0.10Mе0.05O2–δ, где Mе — La, Nd, Gd, синтезированы методом соосаждения с последующей термообработкой. Материалы охарактезированы методами рентгенофазового анализа, рентгеновской флуоресцентной спектроскопии, низкотемпературной адсорбции азота, просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и газовой хроматографии. Синтезированные материалы проявляют высокую активность в реакции полного окисления метана. Каталитическая активность твердых растворов зависит от ионного радиуса редкоземельного допанта и уменьшается в ряду La → Nd → Gd. Показана перспективность применения Ce0.85Zr0.10La0.05O2–δ в качестве носителя палладия. Каталитическая активность 0.5% PdО/Ce0.85Zr0.10La0.05O2–δ превосходит активность образца сравнения 0.5% PdО/γ-Al2O3, что демонстрирует целесообразность применения синтезированного твердого раствора в качестве носителя активного компонента.
Core determinants of the regional prognostic scenario. Changes in the geoeconomic alignment and demographic matrix
Authors: Davydov Vladimir M. , Kodzoev Magomed A.-M.
Published: July 2024

Considering the change in the geo-economic structure in the global context and its impact on the regional situation, the authors talk about shifts that shift the emphasis from the process of globalization in favor of regionalization. In other words, we are talking about segmentation of the globalization trend, the imperative of updating regional and sub-regional integration, which compensates for the slowdown of globalization. Another core determinant is a radical modification of the demographic matrix, which makes significant adjustments to the social labor stratification, the political context and the ethnic composition of the population.
Latin America: the end of the “raw materials curse”?
Authors: Yakovlev Petr P.
Published: July 2024

In the context of ongoing geo-economic transformations, international in terest in the raw materials resources of Latin America, necessary for the implementation of the goals of the “fourth industrial revolution” and the development of high-tech indus trial production, has noticeably increased. The raw materials of Latin American coun tries, in demand on international commodity markets, are largely a factor of their macro economic luck, to which it is necessary to add the ability to play the raw material card, to materialize the resulting chances into practically implementable large-scale projects that, to the maximum possible extent, meet not only the demands of the global economy, but also fundamental national interests. We are not talking about the region “capturing” the world’s geo-economic peaks. The task is much more modest: to leave the so-called “raw materials curse” in the past and effectively use the window of opportunity that has opened increased demand for natural resources, to form interdependence with the lead ing countries in technological development at a deep, quantum level. In other words, it is necessary to strengthen the factors that will ensure the real economic recovery of Latin America in the context of the current global transformation processes.
Prospects for BRICS Expansion and Development: Academic Discussions in China
Authors: Petrovskiy Vladimir E.
Published: July 2024

Currently, the questions of BRICS expansion and development is attracting priority attention not only from governments and politicians of interested countries, but also from the scientific and expert community, including in China. The author analyzed the interpretation of the problems of expansion and development of the association in the works and speeches of Chinese scientists and experts of recent times, including the evolution and prospects of the BRICS+ format proposed by China. Chinese scientists and experts believe that a balanced approach should be taken to the geoeconomic and geopolitical aspects of the expansion and development of BRICS, based on the fact that the association is not so much anti-Western as it is aimed at reforming the existing system of global governance (although this issue is controversial in the Chinese academic community character). To become the basis of a new world order, BRICS must offer other countries new development paradigms, including the formation of a new institutional environment for modernizing the world economy, the creation of an alternative format for its development to the West, new regional blocs and platforms. These development paradigms, as China believes, can be implemented within the BRICS+ format, which, with the beginning of a new wave of BRICS expansion, has by no means lost its relevance, opening up various options for the BRICS member countries to interact with other actors in the world economy. After the start of a new wave of BRICS expansion in 2023 and on the eve of the Russian BRICS presidency in 2024, it is also very important to compare approaches to the main issues of BRICS expansion and development in Russia and China.
Corporate Climate Strategies and Financing the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy in Japan
Authors: Ershov Dmitry N.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the current challenges and transformation of Japan's strategic approaches to financing the transition to low-carbon development at the national and corporate levels. Commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris climate agreement have been strengthened in 2022 in anticipation of rapid growth in electricity generation from renewable energy sources. At the same time, real results lag behind the stated goals, and previously introduced green financing instruments are insufficient. This makes it necessary to attract funding to sectors of the economy that do not fall into the “green” category, since they are difficult to decarbonize and cannot be expected to reduce emissions in the short term (hard-to-abate), but may become promising in the future when they are developed relevant technologies. Funding and development of such technologies and sectors can create the preconditions for achieving a lowcarbon development trajectory. An analysis of the development of strategic documents in the field of national climate policy is presented and the progress of financing the transition to a low-carbon economy is analyzed. Approaches to combating greenwashing, as well as the development of the securities market, are briefly commented on. Due to the limited natural energy resources and the island position of the country, the course towards decarbonization is natural. Regulation is generally evolving consistently, covering sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, in line with the international climate agenda and taking into account national interests. At the present stage, Japan is faced with problems of attracting investors, improving financing mechanisms and increasing confidence in it on the part of financial market participants. Further research will show what results have been achieved along this path.
The Revival of the Great Tea Road between China, Russia and Mongolia: a New Review from China
Authors: Xiaoling Z.
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the Great Tea Route, which operated from the 17th to the 20th centuries and covered large areas of China, Mongolia and Russia. Today, the original route of the Great Tea Road no longer exists in its former form, however, its influence continues to this day. The lines of the tea road largely coincide with the main route of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, which, in turn, is an important part of such projects as the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), One Belt — One Road ". The revival of this road helps strengthen mutually beneficial trilateral cooperation, cultural exchanges and trade and economic ties between regions. The author set a goal to explore the current state and directions of development of the tea road. The history of the formation and prospects for the revival of the ancient route are considered within the framework of the creation of joint projects “SREB” and “Economic Corridor China — Mongolia — Russia”. Thanks to the efforts of the governments of the three countries, representatives of the academic community and the public, it was possible to reach an agreement to submit an application to include the Great Tea Road on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. In addition, key areas of trilateral cooperation were analyzed. The practical significance of the work lies on the fact that it introduces the scientific community to the latest achievements, results of work, as well as new measures taken by the Chinese side to revive the ancient path. Particular attention is paid to the prospects and key areas of cooperation within the framework of the revival of the Great Tea Road.
“What Dakha Gives — Vzyakha Vzyast”: Verbal Substantives in Russian Subdialects and Modern Poetry
Authors: Seregina Elena E.
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the dialect words vzyaha, vzyah, vzyahar and daha, dakh, dahar. Thematically, the article isdivided into two parts.
The first part deals with the history of these words and their representation in lexicographic sources. The article draws attention to the problem of defining the words vzyaha, vzyah, vzyahar, which are explained in the regional dictionary through a literary parallel ‘bribe-taker’, which contradicts the original meaning of the words and the meaning of proverbs. At the same time, we have to admit that for modern native speakers of the Russian language, these words in the composition of paremies are comprehended as ‘mutual cover-up’, ‘mutual illegal enrichment’ or ‘bribery’.
The article discusses various approaches to solving the problem of the word-formation history of these words. According to the main versions presented in etymological dictionaries and in separate studies, the element h in the words dahar, vzyahar (and similar formations) is considered as an intervocalic insert. In accordance with another word-building reconstruction, two suffixes -h- and -ar- with a homonymous meaning of the character (the subject of a speech) are distinguished in these words.
The second part of the article examines the expressive possibilities of the words daha, vzyaha, vzyahar in poetic texts and uses fragments from the work “Zangezi” by Velimir Khlebnikov and a poem from the collection “Guidances and sophistications” by Viktor Koval as examples.
Once Again on the Term Characteristics as Parts of Speech
Authors: Shelov Sergei D. , Chetverikova Tatyana D.
Published: July 2024

The article examines two views on the terms as parts of speech. One of them suggests that a term can be expressed only by a noun or a substantial word combination, i. e. by a phrase which has a noun as syntactically most principal word. This point of view is based, first, on the fact that it is the noun that has broad semantic capabilities and isable to convey the essence of terminological names, and, second, on the analysis of real terminological dictionaries, in which noun is the most often input unit. Another point of view is that the term can be expressed not only by a noun or substantial word combination, and modern lexicographic practice seems to confirms this. The authors consistently provide examples confirming that linguistic specificity of the term cannot be limited by its expression only by nouns. For example, the adjectives technogenic, cerebral, juvenile, etc. are not derived from any substantive, which theoretically could have been the case, but so far there are no such nouns either in dictionaries or in any relevant texts (technogenic — technogenicity* or technogeny*, cerebral — cerebrality*, cerebral*, juvenile — juvenality* or juvenile*). Such adjectives act as independent terms and express certain concepts in the relevant science. Thus, the authors argue that the term can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by an adjective and a verb.
Letters of Tsarina Evdokia Lopukhina in the Printed Manifesto of 1718
Authors: Sadova Tatiana S.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the language of the personal letters of tsarina Evdokia, the first wife of Peter the Great, which were included in the printed text of a legal document, the manifesto of 1718. It describes a step-by-step investigation into the case of an alleged conspiracy against the tsar, at the center of which was Evdokia, by that time (since 1698) nun Elena. The choice of material for the article was dictated by the author’s interest in the evolution of the business genres of the Russian office, a truly new stage of which occurred in the 18th century, a time of large-scale government reforms and, as a consequence, the restructuring of the entire system of business communication serving the work of the Russian Empire. Personal letters of the former tsarina, primarily addressed to her lover, childhood friend, officer of the Preobrazhensky regiment, Stepan Glebov, became a separate object for research for two reasons. Firstly, before the Manifesto of 1718 there were no public documents in which the internal unsightly aspects of the royal family life were publicly announced. Evdokia’s love letters became available to the general public: the Manifesto was printed in two thousand copies and sold freely. Secondly, for the first time, a legal document that had all the signs of the clerical style of the early 18th century included love letters, creating a bright stylistic contrast with the general style of the business text. It is also known that Peter actively intervened in the draft text of the Manifesto, corrected the wording, and inserted entire fragments written in his own hand. Consequently, the printed text of the document, which was subject to mandatory publication, was important to the emperor in this form. The manifesto performs a number of important pragmatic functions in the conditions of the new Peter the Great era: in addition to the obvious informational, it has edifying, influencing and imperative functions.
Research problem as a key aspect of scientific publications in a sociological journal
Authors: Kolomiets Viktor P.
Published: July 2024

The text is devoted to the formulation of a research problem in an article for a sociological journal. The purpose of the article is didactic in nature and is aimed at improving the culture of writing academic text through the articulation of a research problem. The text presents all stages of pre-research practice: searching for a topic, reviewing the literature, fixing a problem situation, formulating a research problem and research questions. The peculiarity of the article is that it is based on many years of experience as a reviewer for the journal “Sociological research”, and the examples are manuscripts and publications sent to the journal. The articles are randomly selected and do not serve as a template for writing good articles, but rather to demonstrate some possible options.
An important place in the work is given to the creative process of problematization. Problematization is perhaps the most difficult pre-research procedure, since a significant part of it is located in the “black box” of the researcher’s thought process. The essence of problematization is the process of deriving a new problem from existing knowledge. It acts as a way of relating knowledge and ignorance at the level of initial ideas. These are peculiar “game” manipulations of true and false, knowledge and non-knowledge.
The rules presented in the text for formulating a scientific problem in an article for a sociological journal are universal. Knowing the rules means knowing the boundaries of creative freedom. The author claims that playing by the rules does not guarantee, but increases the likelihood that the article will be published, and their violation is not a force majeure obstacle to publication in the journal “Sociological studies”.
The Lake Chad Basin: A Territory of Instability
Authors: Denisova Tatyana S. , Kostelyanets Sergey V.
Published: July 2024

The Lake Chad Basin (LCB) has been an area of instability for centuries. Clashes between various tribes and communities, indigenous people and outsiders, Muslims and animists, farmers and pastoralists have occurred in the region since pre-colonial times. In recent decades, the permanent military-political and socio-economic crises in the LCB have been superimposed by new adversities associated with global warming – longer droughts, more destructive floods, less predictable rainfall, etc. Climate disasters have caused the reconfiguration of the lake coast, the reduction of arable and pasture lands, their erosion, the disappearance of many species of plants, animals and fish, which, in turn, has exacer bated conflicts between various groups of the local population over access to natural resources. Since the mid-2010s, the LCB has been invaded by Islamists, who raised the violence to previously unseen levels, but at the same time began to develop an economy of war in the region and provide services to the local population, thus en couraging Muslim civilians to join the jihadist movement. Communal self-defense groups, which were initially formed to support the regular armies of the LCB countries in their war on Boko Haram but gradually evolved into criminal struc tures, are also beginning to pose a threat to security in the LCB. The most important problem facing LCB residents is that they are constantly caught between two fires: Islamists con sider them “agents of the government”, while the authorities accuse them of collaborating with militants. Since the mili tary cannot always protect the population, communities develop their own survival strategies, which benefits the Islamists and weakens state power in the region.
China. Issues of Economic Modernization
Authors: Kamennov Pavel B
Published: July 2024

The article examines Xi Jinping’s views on the modernization of PRC’s economy, contained in the report to the Twentieth Congress of the CPC (October 2022) and covering a ten-year period since 2012, in which the historical task of eliminating poverty of 1.4 billion people in the socio-economic sphere was completed and the construction of a middleclass society in China (Xiaokan) was completed. In the author’s field of view, state development programs in the field of science, informatization, military-civilian integration, a large-scale leap in the qualitative development and building up of China’s economic and innovative potential, the problem of overcoming the country’s dependence on foreign technologies. The breadth of the approach to economic modernization is noted, including provisions on the coordinated development of material and spiritual culture, on “green” China, on China’s firm intention to continue modernization, following the path of peaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation with the outside world with the ultimate goal of completing the construction of a modernized socialist power by 2035.
African Aluminium Industry: Structure, Problems, Potential
Authors: Kalinichenko L. N. , Novikova Z. S.
Published: July 2024

The concentration of ore reserves for aluminum production in a limited number of countries increases the global importance of Africa as the owner of this strategic raw material resources. A quarter of the world’s proven bauxite reserves concentrated on the continent, primarily in Guinea, are consumed mainly by developed countries for metal manufacturing, which leads to a territorial gap in the stages of aluminum production. At the same time, aluminum smelters in African countries use imported raw materials, which increases production cost. For African states, it is becoming most essential to create a full production cycle based on internal bauxite reserves and energy sources, which will make it possible to obtain products with high value added. The aluminum industry contributes to Africa’s economies, providing foreign exchange earnings from exports, as well as the world mining companies’ investment in transport and port infrastructure and assistance in the social sphere, in particular, the Russian company OK RUSAL provides comprehensive support to Guinea in health and education fields.
Thailand’s Political Choice
Authors: Rogozhina N. G.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the specifics of the current stage of Thailand’s political development, taking into account the configuration of political forces after the parliamentary elections held in May 2023. Despite the victory of the Move Forward party there was no movement forward in the democratic transit of power in the country. The traditional political establishment, adhering to the ideology of “Thai-style democracy”, based on the concept of hierarchical subordination of society headed by the king, used the institutions remaining at its disposal to protect its interests and prevent the strengthening of the influence of pro-democratic forces on politics. The article examines the factors of the growing popularity of the party Move Forward, whose political platform meets the social demand of young voters who advocate political reforms in the country, including the reform of the institution of the monarchy. The impossibility of holding them today is explained by the opposition of governing political forces including the previously considered lobbyist for representative democracy, the Phea Thai Party. However, the political positions of both the new Prime Minister, Sretta Tavisin, a representative of the Phea Thai Party, and the party itself depend on the policy being pursued to increase public confidence, which explains the populism of their economic program, which, according to the author, does not change the content of the competitive autocracy regime.
A Page of Angolan History
Authors: Sidorova G. M.
Published: July 2024

Review of the book: Dzhenchakova O.A. Angola: the fate of the Cabinda enclave (Moscow, 2023. 208 p.). (In Russ.). ISBN 978-5-91298-290-3
The Shi’a Paramilitary Units “Al Hashd al Shaabi” in Iraqi and Regional Policy
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A.
Published: July 2024

The non-state actors such as the Hizbullah movement in Lebanon, Ansarullah in Yemen or the Iraqi Shi’a groups play important role in current political processes in the Middle East. This article considers activity of the Popular Mobilization Units of Iraq (“al Hashd al Shaabi”). The author touches upon genesis and reasons of their appearance: politicization of the Shi’a community of Iraq in the beginning of XXI century, Sunni-Shi’a conflict, the struggle against terrorism in 2014–2017. This article touches upon military capabilities of the PMU, their leadership and economic opportunities. The conclusion is made about strong connection of this organization with Iran. The author also analyses political activity of the PMU and their success. The author also makes outlook of the activity of this group in regional scope concluding that it strongly helps in achieving Iranian external political interests: especially struggle against American military presence in the Middle East.