bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational forms and methods of early diagnosis of hereditary tumors
Authors: Kuzniatsou Aleh , Shpakou Andrei
Published: April 2020

Background: With the development of genetic research in oncology, it has become possible to track and identify early and preclinical forms of hereditary oncological diseases, which allows timely and effective preventive and therapeutic measures in relation to relatives at risk.

Aim of the study: Assessment of genetically determined neoplasms in the region and the development of organizational forms and methods for early diagnosis.

Material and methods: 10,727 residents of the Belarus-Poland border region were examined. Clinical and medical history data of 2,054 patients with tumors of the breast (1406), ovaries (239), and colon (409) were analyzed. As a result of the questionnaire, three main observation groups were formed: “high risk of hereditary cancer”, “hereditary cancer suspected”, and “no risk of hereditary cancer”.

Results: Register and hospital screenings were the most informative types of screening. Of the 149 HBC patients who underwent molecular genetic testing, BRCA1 gene mutations were found in 5.37%, 5382insC in all cases. Seven mutations were detected in 77 individuals with a diagnosis of HOC and in 6 cases 5382insC and in 2 - 4145delA. Signs of hereditary ovarian cancer and suspicion of it were found in 1.12%, including people who were found to have a high risk of hereditary ovarian cancer. By their effectiveness, register and hospital screenings significantly exceeded the population, p<0.01. 1.67% of women suffering from this disease met the high clinical risk criteria for hereditary ovarian cancer. A high clinical risk of hereditary tumor genesis was established in 0.73% of cases among patients with a diagnosis of colon cancer.

Conclusions: The results of assessing the clinical risk of hereditary cancer according to population screening indicates that approximately 1.2% of the population has an increased clinical risk of developing hereditary breast, ovarian, and colon cancer.
Differentiation in expenditure on insurance in households
Authors: Piekut Marlena
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research is to present the differentiation of expenditure on insurance in various types of Polish households. Research material consisted of data from surveys of household budgets conducted by Statistics Poland in the years 2004 and 2014. Correlation and variance analysis were used to determine the dependence of insurance expenditure on: disposable income per capita, household size, education, age and sex of the head of the household, household socio-economic group and class of the place of residence. The factors which had the greatest impact on insurance expenditure were disposable income per capita and education of the head of the household.
A review: sustainable compressive
strength properties of concrete mix
with replacement by marble powder
Authors: Sharma N. , Singh Thakur M. , Goel P.L. , Sihag P.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Over the years, various experiments have been performed to investigate the
impact of marble powder within the concrete mixture. In the present study, a review has
been done to check the persistence of marble dirt as the substitute for concrete constituents.
Design/methodology/approach: Furthermore, the impact of marble powder as a
replacement of cement and aggregates were reviewed. By reviewing previous studies, the
result indicates that the use of waste marble powder in cement and aggregate was adequate
to a certain range.
Findings: By replacing cement with marble powder in a range between 5% to 10% by
weight, it increases the compressive strength of concrete mix by 11.30% to 24.56%,
compared to the nominal mix. According to the study, any further increase in the amount
of marble powder in place of cement i.e, 12.5% to 20% replacement by weight, results in
the reduction of compressive strength of concrete mix by 7.5% to 26.01%. Replacement
of aggregates from 5% to 75% with marble powder increases the compressive strength of
about 3.22% to 23.91% as compared to the nominal mix.
Research limitations/implications: It was also concluded from the current study that,
to obtain higher compressive strength, it is advantageous to replace fine aggregates with
marble powder than the replacement of cement with the marble powder.
Was von Entscheidungsträgern erwartet wird: Das Modell der Strategischen Führungskompetenzen
Authors: Bekemeier Sebastian , Meynhardt Timo , Müller-Stewens Günter
Published: April 2020

Der Bedarf an Führungskräften, die eine Kompetenz zur strategischen Führung besitzen, ist heute größer denn je. Sie sind es, die den Wandel, der derzeit nahezu allerorts so fundamental stattfindet, gestalten und umsetzen müssen. Von ihnen wird erwartet, dass sie strategische Initiativen unternehmerisch managen, mit denen die technologischen, demografischen, geopolitischen und sozialen Veränderungen in ihren Strategien antizipativ aufgegriffen werden und die das Unternehmen zukunftsfähig machen. Sie müssen sich dazu in den heutigen mehrdimensionalen Organisationsstrukturen mit ihren unzähligen Schnittstellen zurechtfinden und durchsetzen können. Auch müssen sie in der Lage sein, Netzwerke auf Augenhöhe mit den strategischen Partnern unternehmerisch nutzbar zu machen. Das heißt, es reicht vielerorts nicht mehr aus, nur ein Manager zu sein, der seine definierte Aufgabe verwaltet; für den Wandel braucht es Strategic Leaders. In diesem Beitrag wird ein eigenes «Modell der Strategischen Führungskompetenzen» entwickelt und es werden Wege zu seiner Anwendung aufgezeigt.
Die Vision als Erfolgsfaktor: Ein Rahmenmodell für den strategischen Einsatz von Visionen bei M&A-Transaktionen
Authors: Klostermann Anna Katharina , Düsterhoff Henning
Published: April 2020

Trotz kontroverser Diskussionen um die Bedeutung von Visionen wird diesen im Kontext von strategischen Veränderungsprozessen wie M&A-Transaktionen eine wichtige Funktion zugesprochen. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die vorliegende explorative Studie das Ziel, die strategische Bedeutung und erfolgsbeeinflussende Funktion von Visionen bei M&A-Transaktionen zu untersuchen. Basierend auf einem abduktiven Forschungsdesign wird dazu ein Rahmenmodell für die Konzeptualisierung und den Einsatz von Visionen bei M&A-Transaktionen entwickelt. Obwohl schwer zu operationalisieren und zu definieren, hat die Vision grundsätzlich eine hohe Bedeutung für Unternehmen, insbesondere bei veränderungsintensiven M&A-Transaktionen. Für einen positiven Einfluss der Vision auf den M&A-Erfolg bedarf es einer prozessphasenspezifischen Konzeptualisierung der Vision. Dies fördert die Schärfung und Greifbarkeit des Visionsbegriffs und eröffnet so erhöhte Anwendungspotenziale für die Praxis.
Home Bias und Risikoaversion
Authors: Iseli Christoph
Published: April 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Home Bias und der aggregierten Risikoaversion einzelner Länder. Die Risikoaversion wirkt im Rahmen von rationalen und verhaltensökonomischen Erklärungsansätzen unterschiedlich auf den Home Bias. So kann in dieser Untersuchung zwischen den beiden Hauptkategorien möglicher Ursachen unterschieden werden. Die Resultate zeigen, dass der Home Bias stärker ausgeprägt ist, wenn die Risikoaversion und vor allem die Ambiguitätsaversion höher ausfallen. Dies spricht für eine verhaltensorientierte Erklärung des Phänomens und gegen ein rein rationales Abwägen ökonomischer Faktoren. Entscheidend ist somit die Familiarität mit heimischen Anlagen, die als vertrauter empfunden werden und ein Gefühl grösserer Kontrolle und Sicherheit vermitteln.
WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2020: Europäische Mindestlohninitiative vor dem Durchbruch ?
Authors: Schulten ﻿Thorsten , Lübker Malte
Published: April 2020

Anfang 2020 hat die Europäische Kommission formal die Konsultationen zu einer europäischen Mindestlohnpolitik eingeleitet. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt der WSI-Mindestlohnbericht einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Mindestlöhne in den EU-Ländern, europäischen Anrainerstatten sowie ausgewählten außereuropäischen Industrie- und Schwellenländern und stellt die wichtigsten Initiativen zu einer strukturellen Erhöhung des Mindestlohnniveaus dar. Diese schlagen sich in vielen Ländern bereits in deutlich stärkeren Anhebungen nieder, sodass die Mindestlöhne zum 1. Januar 2020 im Median, verglichen mit dem Vorjahreszeitpunkt, nominal um 6,0 % gestiegen sind (real: 4,4 %). Trotzdem erreichen derzeit nur zwei EU-Länder (Frankreich und Portugal) die Zielmarke von 60 % des Medianlohns, unterhalb derer von einem Lohn mit hohem Armutsrisiko ausgegangen werden muss. Zu den Ländern, in denen Mindestlöhne de facto Armutslöhne sind, zählt auch Deutschland. Die seit 2009 fortlaufende Mindestlohnberichterstattung des WSI beruht auf der WSI-Mindestlohndatenbank, in der für 37 Länder Zeitreihen zur Entwicklung von Mindestlöhnen, Preisen und Wechselkursen dokumentiert werden.
Nicht nur Humankapital aufbauen: Sozialinvestitionen weitergedacht
Authors: Leẞmann Ortrud , Laruffa Francesco
Published: April 2020

Das in den letzten 20 Jahren auf politischer ebenso wie auf wissenschaftlicher Ebene viel diskutierte Konzept der Sozialinvestitionen sieht eine (normative) Neuausrichtung des Wohlfahrtsstaats mit dem Ziel einer Modernisierung vor, die neben die Schutzfunktion von Sozialleistungen die Aktivierung des produktiven Potenzials der Menschen stellt. Obgleich es verschiedene Versionen gibt, lässt sich ein gemeinsamer Kern bestimmen: das Ziel umfassender Erwerbsbeteiligung und die Förderung des Humankapitals. Diese Ausrichtung an ökonomischen Zielen hat substanzielle Kritik auf den Plan gerufen, die auf Schwächen in der normativen Neuausrichtung hinweist. Um die normative Basis zu stärken, braucht es – so argumentiert dieser Beitrag – erstens eine andere Begründung der Sozialinvestitionen (jenseits der ökonomischen Vorteile), zweitens ein anderes Menschenbild (jenseits von Humankapital) und drittens einen anderen Ansatz für wohlfahrtsstaatliche Reformen (einen demokratischen statt technokratischen Ansatz). Capability-Ansatz und Menschenrechte haben das Potenzial, das Konzept bezüglich aller drei Aspekte zu einer solideren normativen Grundlage für wohlfahrtsstaatliche Reformen weiterzuentwickeln.
EU und ASEAN
Authors: Vitic Ines
Published: April 2020

World regions can be understood as a stage between national and global social policy as new places for generating social security. In this study, this thesis is analysed empirically and innovatively in terms of concept from a sociological point of view. Based on the triangulation of various theoretical approaches, it develops a theory of humane world regions, raising the social profile of the EU and ASEAN to an unprecedented level. It presents the social objectives, social sector and social regulation of each world region from a longitudinal perspective (EU: 1952 to 2010; ASEAN: 1980 to 2010). The foundations of its data are based on world regional legal acts (n = 1620), contracts and annual reports, which are evaluated qualitatively and analytically. The EU is a world region with a binding social profile, while ASEAN has established a non-binding social profile.
Política e economia de vigilância em saúde ambiental
Authors: Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Silva Carlos Eduardo , Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Aguiar Laís Alencar de , Garcia Vanessa da Silva , Souza Camilo Pinto de , Lenz Elenice Rachid da Silva , Lins Gustavo Aveiro , Almeida Solange Mathias de
Published: April 2020

Saúde, Economia e meio ambiente formam um tripé de importante discussão para tomadas de decisões de causa e efeito de cunho político e social. Outrossim, este artigo busca apresentar como as decisões políticas, com participação popular, têm sido edificadas frente a produção de conhecimento da comunidade científica. A interface e o panorama de discussões foram prospectados a nível internacional e nacional, sendo feita a investigação epistemológica da conexão entre economia, saúde e ecologia e como estas são aplicadas pelo poder público, e como este faz a sua avaliação hermenêutica com a ciência pura. Sendo possibilitado acessar que a estruturação política e econômica estão direcionadas a um modelo de investigação centrado no problema, na resultante, de forma desagregada e simplista. Em ampla visão, é perceptível que a produção de conhecimento na vigilância da saúde ainda ocorre de forma muito reducionista e fracionada, sem levar em consideração a diversidade de fatores envolvidos nas questões ambientais, carecendo muitas vezes de uma interdisciplinaridade e sistemática de conhecimentos tão importantes na pesquisa analítica da conexão entre economia, saúde e meio ambiente.
Working from Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tips and Strategies to Maintain Productivity & Connectedness
Authors: Lane Ian , Mullen Michelle , Logan Deirdre
Published: April 2020

Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic many workers are shifting from coming into their workplace to working from home. This may be a new challenge for many workers. Successfully working from home can present unique challenges, from how to focus with at-home distractions, to trying to be productive, trying to communicate well with team members from afar, and childcare. Here at the Transitions to Adulthood Center for Research, many of our faculty and staff have years of experience mastering the art of remote work and have put together a list of their top 5 tips and tricks to navigating this strange new world.
Quand la vérification générale s’invite au municipal : nouveaux enjeux ou vieilles ambiguïtés ?
Authors: Mévellec Anne , Donatien Veika
Published: April 2020

Au Canada, le contrôle des comptes publics est pris en charge par la fonction de vérification générale. Si cette dernière existe depuis longtemps dans le système parlementaire, elle n’a été imposée dans les grandes villes québécoises que depuis le début des années 2000. Dans cet article, nous proposons de revenir sur la mise en oeuvre de ce nouveau rôle municipal à la lumière des principaux défis de la vérification générale déjà identifiés dans la littérature. Ces derniers concernent particulièrement sa raison d’être, son indépendance et son autonomie de fonctionnement. La question est ainsi de savoir si, en s’invitant au palier municipal, la vérification générale a rencontré de nouveaux enjeux ou plutôt amené avec elle des ambiguïtés déjà repérées ailleurs. Grâce à une analyse documentaire, l’examen des pratiques municipales, plus particulièrement dans les villes de Gatineau, de Saguenay et de Trois-Rivières, apporte une réponse nuancée. D’une part, les ambiguïtés relatives à la nature même de la vérification générale se trouvent maintenant dans les villes comme dans d’autres contextes parlementaires. D’autre part, puisque les règles du jeu du parlementarisme bipartisan ne s’appliquent pas entièrement dans les municipalités à l’étude, la relation entre le maire et le vérificateur général s’avère centrale – reflétant ainsi un système politique local québécois centré sur la figure du maire.
L’educació de l’alumnat amb llengües d’herència: una mirada actual i reptes de futur
Authors: Juan-Garau Maria
Published: April 2020

Arran de l’increment de la mobilitat i els fenòmens migratoris, al voltant de 244 milions de persones al món són migrants. Aquesta tendència ha fet de la diversitat una de les principals característiques de les societats contemporànies. En aquest context el multilingüisme ha esdevingut un bé preuat i, en conseqüència, s’incentiva l’aprenentatge de llengües, entre les quals ens centrarem en les llengües d’herència (LH). Una LH és una llengua parlada a la llar que, crucialment, no és la llengua dominant de la societat en general. En aquest article ens focalitzarem fonamentalment en les LH a l’entorn escolar i, per tant, tindrem en compte les noves llengües a les quals s’exposa l’alumnat nouvingut a més del manteniment i promoció (o no) de les LH a les comunitats d’acollida. Addicionalment farem referència a diferents programes d’ensenyament de les LH tenint en compte les seves característiques i eficàcia, i ens fixarem especialment en els entorns catalanoparlants i en la vinculació entre llengües d’herència i identitat. Finalment, abordarem els reptes de futur des d’una mirada pedagògica i aportarem unes reflexions finals.
Tractament integrat de llengua i contingut: Quina llengua? Com s’integra? Per a què?
Authors: Martí Otilia
Published: April 2020

Aquest article té dos objectius. D’una banda, provar de resoldre la indefinició pedagògica i terminològica del Tractament Integrat de Llengua i Contingut. De l’altra, avaluar aquest enfocament des d’una perspectiva plurilingüe. Quant al primer objectiu, aclarirem la diferència entre conceptes com TILC i AICLE que, sovint, de manera errònia, es presenten com equivalents. Pel que fa al segon objectiu, revisarem una de les qüestions més recurrents en la majoria dels debats sobre educació plurilingüe com és la possibilitat d’adquirir la llengua meta sense posar en perill ni l’aprenentatge de continguts ni el de les llengües primeres. La inclusió de pedagogies basades en els gèneres textuals, el desenvolupament de la consciència metalingüstica de l’estudiantat o l’adopció de pràctiques translinguals semblen claus per a fer realitat tot el potencial didàctic d’un TILC de qualitat.
Carme Gregori & Xavier Rosselló (eds.), «L’empremta del mite en la literatura del primer terç del segle XX», Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2018
Authors: Bolo Martínez Laura
Published: April 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Carme Gregori & Xavier Rosselló (eds.), L’empremta del mite en la literatura del primer terç del segle XX, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2018, ISBN: 978-84-9191-027-5.
Llorenç Comajoan-Colomé & Manuel Pérez Saldanya, «Los tiempos verbales del español. Descripción del sistema y de su adquisición en segundas lenguas», Barcelona, Ediciones Octaedro, 2018, 135 p.
Authors: Llop Naya Ares
Published: April 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Llorenç Comajoan-Colomé & Manuel Pérez Saldanya, Los tiempos verbales del español. Descripción del sistema y de su adquisición en segundas lenguas, Barcelona, Ediciones Octaedro, 2018, 135 p., ISBN: 978-84-17219-81-9.
Antoni Ferrando Francés, «Aportacions a l’estudi del català literari medieval», Fundació Germà Colón, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, Servei de Comunicació i Publicacions. Col·lecció «Fundació Germà Colón, 18», Castelló de la Plana, 2018, 437 p.
Authors: Gimeno Betí Lluís
Published: April 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Antoni Ferrando Francés, Aportacions a l’estudi del català literari medieval, Fundació Germà Colón, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, Servei de Comunicació i Publicacions. Col·lecció «Fundació Germà Colón, 18», Castelló de la Plana, 2018, 437 p. ISBN: 978-84-17429-48-5.
“Proletarization” of adolescence in the conditions of drastic reorganization of secondary education in Soviet Russia (1917-1930)
Authors: Chik Sergey
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the determination of leading ideas of drastic reorganization of secondary education and its impact upon students, which allows analyzing the peculiarities of adolescent age as a cultural-historical phenomenon. The reorganization was conducted in two directions: all existing educational institutions were transformed into the Uniform Labor School; an alternative to middle school for in-service education was created – school for working youth or factory-apprenticeship school. The Uniform Labor School replaced the old one and carried “bourgeois vestige”, which were intensively fought against, violating the traditional cirrucul and implementing “working processes”. School for working youth or factory-apprenticeship school, on the contrary, were considered a new type of class school and developed general educational character. The author examines the measures taken with regards to the two types of schools. Special attention is given to studying the peculiarities of adolescents from the Uniform Labor School and working youth from factory-apprenticeship school. The novelty consists on examination of peculiarities of adolescent age in the conditions of drastic reorganization of secondary education in the early period of Soviet Russia. It is claimed that the conducted reform led to “proletarization” of adolescence among second-levelers of the Uniform Labor School, while a working teenager from the School for working youth or factory-apprenticeship school was an underage adults deprived of childhood.
Problems and prospects of teaching scientific style of speech to Chinese students
Authors: Wang Yameng
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is teaching scientific style of speech to Chinese students. This question has been discussed since 1950’s – 1960’s and still remains polemical. The scholars described multiple aspects on the topic in their fundamental works, which are the foundation for further research in this area. At the same time, current practice face new challenges. In the course of this study, the following methods were applied: analysis of scientific literature and various statistical data, analysis of curricula for foreign students, review of accessible information on the universities accepting Chinese students. It is worth noting that the formation of foreign language communication competence of the students requires development of the unified education system, oriented towards practical needs of the future specialists. The foundation of foreign language education should become the interdisciplinary interaction of teachers, as well as close interrelation of general and specialty disciplines.
Implementation of the model of formation of entrepreneurial competences in modern pedagogical education: theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Dyakov Ivan Ivanovich , Asatryan Goar Robertovna , Kosienko Roman Sergeevich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the formation of entrepreneurial competences of students majoring pedagogy. The goal of this work consists in formulation of theoretical provisions and analysis of organizational-pedagogical conditions for implementation of the model of formation of entrepreneurial competences in educational process of the Ussuriysk branch (School of Pedagogy) of Far Eastern Federal University. The development of entrepreneurial culture of the society currently becomes one of the priority objectives of education as a social institution. In the authors’ opinion, its solution first and foremost lied in the formation of entrepreneurial competences of future pedagogues as the major plank of education system. The research methodology is based on systemic approach and includes the methods of theoretical analysis of the state of problem in scientific literature, studying and generalization of approaches towards building a model for the formation of entrepreneurial competences, and analysis of documentation of educational institutions. The scientific novelty consists in emphasizing the need for the formation of entrepreneurial competences of students majoring pedagogy; proposal of the structural-conceptual model of the educational process and determination of its key organizational-pedagogical conditions; as well as assessment of practical implementation of such model.
A Review of Commercial Electric Vehicle Charging Methods
Authors: Terzi Umit Kemalettin , Ilhan Huseyin Enes , Kaymaz Habib , Erdal Hasan , Çalik Huseyin
Published: April 2020

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming the forerunners of vehicle technology. First electric vehicles were overlooked because of not having adequate battery capacity and because of low efficiency of their electric motors. Developing semiconductor and battery technologies increased the interest in the EVs. Nevertheless, current batteries still have insufficient capacity. As a result of this, vehicles must be recharged at short distances (approximately 150 km). Due to scheduled departure and arrival times EVs appear to be more suitable for city buses rather than regular automobiles. Thanks to correct charging technology and the availability of renewable energy for electric buses, the cities have less noise and CO2 emissions. The energy consumption of internal combustion engines is higher than of the electric motors. In this paper, studies on the commercial electric vehicle charging methods will be reviewed and the plug-in charging processes will be described in detail. This study strives to answer the questions of how plug-in charging process communication has performed between the EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE).
A Novel Hybrid Evaluation Method for Transfer Efficiency Assessment between Rail Transit and Public Bicycles
Authors: Yan Dongmei , Guo Jianhua , Liu Zhao , Huang Wei
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a new hybrid evaluation method including Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP), Entropy Method (EM), and Grey Comprehensive Evaluation Method (GCEM) to assess the transfer efficiency between rail transit and public bicycles. In particular, the IAHP method that replaces the nine-scale approach with three-scale approach to naturally meet the consistency requirements is applied to qualitatively calculate the weights of evaluation indices, the EM method is utilized to calculate the weights of evaluation indices with relatively high degrees of quantification, and the GCEM method is used to calculate the transfer efficiency between rail transit and public bicycles. In addition, a three-level evaluation-index system including target level, criteria level and index level is established. A numerical example is also provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed hybrid evaluation method and explore the reasons for low transfer efficiency between rail transit and public bicycles.
Pap Test Practice and Barriers of Nurses in Bandung, West Java
Authors: Suantika Putu Inge Ruth , Hermayanti Yanti , Kurniawan Titis
Published: April 2020

The lack of interest from the public and health workers, such as nurses to carry out a pap test, is one of the triggers of cervical cancer cases. The purpose of this study was to identify the implementation of pap tests and barriers of nurses in Bandung, West Java. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study design with a sample of 286 married nurses. Data collection was conducted during two months. The analysis was conducted by the Fisher exact test or chi-square test. The results showed that the level of education and religion had a significant relationship with the pap test behavior (p= 0,000; p= 0.031). The most perceived barrier was that respondents felt uncomfortable with the male examiners. So it was recommended to provide female examiners in the ob-gyn section in the hospitals and to improve the nurses' perceptions with pap test. Keywords: barrier, nurse, pap smear, practice Abstrak Perilaku dan hambatan pap smear pada perawat di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Fenomena yang terjadi pada kasus kanker serviks adalah minimnya minat dari masyarakat bahkan petugas kesehatan seperti perawat untuk melakukan pap smear sebagai bentuk pencegahan kanker serviks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan pap smear serta hambatannya pada perawat di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi deskriptif cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 286 perawat yang sudah menikah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Februari hingga Maret 2018. Analisis menggunakan fisher exact test atau chi-square test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan dan agama memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku pap smear (p= 0.000; p= 0.0301). Hambatan yang paling dirasakan adalah responden merasa kurang nyaman dengan pemeriksa laki-laki sehingga direkomendasikan untuk penyediaan pemeriksa perempuan pada bagian obgyn di rumah sakit serta memperbaiki persepsi perawat yang salah terhadap pap smear.  Kata Kunci: hambatan, pap smear, perawat, perilaku
Complex context relationships between DNA methylation and accessibility, histone marks, and hTERT gene expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells: perspectives for all‐trans retinoic acid in cancer therapy
Authors: Garsuault Delphine , Bouyer Claire , Nguyen Eric , Kandhari Rohan , Prochazkova‐Carlotti Martina , Chevret Edith , Forgez Patricia , Ségal‐Bendirdjian Evelyne
Published: April 2020

Telomerase (hTERT) reactivation and sustained expression is a key event in the process of cellular transformation. Therefore, the identification of the mechanisms regulating hTERT expression is of great interest for the development of new anticancer therapies. Although the epigenetic state of hTERT gene promoter is important, we still lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which epigenetic changes affect hTERT expression. Retinoids are well‐known inducers of granulocytic maturation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We have previously shown that retinoids repressed hTERT expression in the absence of maturation leading to growth arrest and cell death. Exploring the mechanisms of this repression, we showed that transcription factor binding was dependent on the epigenetic status of hTERT promoter. In the present study, we used APL cells lines and publicly available datasets from APL patients to further investigate the integrated epigenetic events that promote hTERT promoter transition from its silent to its active state, and inversely. We showed, in APL patients, that the methylation of the distal domain of hTERT core promoter was altered and correlated with the outcome of the disease. Further studies combining complementary approaches carried out on APL cell lines highlighted the significance of a domain outside the minimal promoter, localized around 5 kb upstream from the transcription start site, in activating hTERT. This domain is characterized by DNA hypomethylation and H3K4Me3 deposition. Our findings suggest a cooperative interplay between hTERT promoter methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications that force the revisiting of previously proposed concepts regarding hTERT epigenetic regulation. They represent, therefore, a major advance in predicting sensitivity to retinoid‐induced hTERT repression and, more generally, in the potential development of therapies targeting hTERT expression in cancers.
Replacement model of phase change building materials for heat load calculation
Authors: Serikawa Mao , Satoh Makoto , Mae Masayuki
Published: April 2020

Phase change materials (PCMs) may contribute to room temperature stability and heat load reduction. This research proposes a method to calculate heat load using a PCM replacement model for a thermal storage wall. Regarding the replacement of PCM with internal thermal mathematical models, the replaced PCM temperature and room temperature are related. The method to replace PCM in adjoining rooms is based on the heat transfer coefficient, heat transmission coefficient, solar absorptance on the surface of a wall, ceiling, or floor, etc. We compare the results of the proposed replacement model of room temperature and heat load to a detailed heat load calculation.
Retrospective quality metrics review of stereotactic radiosurgery plans treating multiple targets using single‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Cui Yunfeng , Gao Hao , Zhang Jiahan , Kirkpatrick John P. , Yin Fang‐Fang
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To characterize key plan quality metrics in multi‐target stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plans treated using single‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in comparison to dynamic conformal arc (DCA) plans treating single target. To investigate the feasibility of quality improvement in VMAT planning based on previous planning knowledge.

Materials and methods

97 VMAT plans of multi‐target and 156 DCA plans of single‐target treated in 2017 at a single institution were reviewed. A total of 605 targets were treated with these SRS plans. The prescription dose was normalized to 20 Gy in all plans for this analysis. Two plan quality metrics, target conformity index (CI) and normal tissue volume receiving more than 12 Gy (V12Gy), were calculated for each target. The distribution of V12Gy per target was plotted as a function of the target volume. For multi‐target VMAT plans, the number of targets being treated in the same plan and the distance between targets were calculated to evaluate their impact on V12Gy. VMAT plans that had a large deviation of V12Gy from the average level were re‐optimized to determine the possibility of reducing the variation of V12Gy in VMAT planning.

Results

Conformity index of multi‐target VMAT plans were lower than that of DCA plans while the mean values of 12 Gy were comparable. The V12Gy for a target in VMAT plan did not show apparent dependence on the total number of targets or the distance between targets. The distribution of V12Gy exhibited a larger variation in VMAT plans compared to DCA plans. Re‐optimization of outlier plans reduced V12 Gy by 33.9% and resulted in the V12Gy distribution in VMAT plans more closely resembling that of DCA plans.

Conclusion

The benchmark data on key plan quality metrics were established for single‐isocenter multi‐target SRS planning. It is feasible to use this knowledge to guide VMAT planning and reduce high V12Gy outliers.
Corrosion Resistance Properties of Porous Alumina–Mullite Ceramic Membrane Supports
Authors: Ma Juan , Du Bin , He Chao , Zeng Shenghui , Hua Kaihui , Xi Xiuan , Luo Biyun , Shui Anze , Tian Wei
Published: April 2020

Cost‐effective macroporous alumina–mullite membrane supports are fabricated by sintering coarse α‐alumina and colloidal silica, using cornstarch as the foaming agent at 1550 °C for 2 h in air atmosphere. To evaluate the corrosion resistance of such membrane supports, the corrosion behaviors of the supports before and after corroding in the H2SO4 and NaOH solutions (80 °C) are systematically investigated. Interestingly, with increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio, the support presents numerous alumina grains and little glass phases, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance especially in acidic media. Benefiting from the alumina grains and little glass phases among the grain boundaries, lower mass loss, less variations in pore size and porosity, high residual strength, and an almost unchanged gas flux are obtained for a higher Al2O3/SiO2 ratio support. The porous support, herein, is suitable for microfiltration membranes used in harsh environments.
Improving the Bonding Strength of Nb–C/C Composite Brazed Structures by Preoxidation
Authors: Niu Shiyu , Yang Zhenwen , Wang Chunlei , Han Ying , Wang Ying , Wang Dongpo
Published: April 2020

Preoxidation treatment is used to modify the surface of C/C composite. An annular column gap is formed encasing the carbon fiber, which promotes the infiltration of C/C composite by liquid brazing alloy during brazing. Based on the optimized preoxidation condition of 800 °C/5 min, the effects of brazing temperature (860–940 °C) and holding time (5–20 min) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb and C/C joints brazed with an AgCuTi alloy are systematically investigated. The shear strength of the brazed structure at 880 °C for 10 min reaches a maximum of 57 MPa, which is increased by 28 MPa compared with that of the structure without preoxidation. The infiltration depth, reaction layer thickness, Ti–Cu compound amount, and brazing seam width are characterized to reveal the synergistic effect of preoxidation and brazing parameters on the bonding strength of structures. The selection of an appropriate brazing parameter is conducive to maximizing the positive effects of preoxidation.
Precise Measurements of Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) Alloy On Board the International Space Station
Authors: Mohr Markus , Wunderlich Rainer , Novakovic Rada , Ricci Enrica , Fecht Hans-Jörg
Published: April 2020

The titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) is a very widely applied alloy with extreme importance in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. For a large range of manufacturing methods that involve the liquid phase, such as casting, metal injection molding, thermal spraying, and additive manufacturing, process simulations are an important tool for the optimization and development of the fabrication process. Reliable thermophysical property data of Ti64 in the solid and the liquid phase are necessary inputs to such models. Due to the high melt reactivity of titanium alloys with container materials, measurements performed using conventional thermophysical equipment are usually impossible. Precise benchmark measurement of thermophysical properties (surface tension, viscosity, specific heat, total hemispherical emissivity, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, mass density) of Ti64 is presented in the undercooled liquid phase using containerless electromagnetic levitation on board the International Space Station (ISS). The obtained values are compared with predictive models that can help to analyze the data for other compositions of the alloy system. The property values are applied to simulations of industrial fabrication processes, to optimize these processes and thus the product quality.
Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions
Authors: Du Lei , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Xie Xiaohong , Park Sehkyu , Wang Yong , Shao Yuyan
Published: April 2020

Fuel cells as an attractive clean energy technology have recently regained popularity in academia, government, and industry. In a mainstream proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, platinum‐group‐metal (PGM)‐based catalysts account for ≈50% of the projected total cost for large‐scale production. To lower the cost, two materials‐based strategies have been pursued: 1) to decrease PGM catalyst usage (so‐called low‐PGM catalysts), and 2) to develop alternative PGM‐free catalysts. Grand stability challenges exist when PGM catalyst loading is decreased in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)—the power generation unit of a PEM fuel cell—or when PGM‐free catalysts are integrated into an MEA. More importantly, there is a significant knowledge gap between materials innovation and device integration. For example, high‐performance electrocatalysts usually demonstrate undesired quick degradation in MEAs. This issue significantly limits the development of PEM fuel cells. Herein, recent progress in understanding the degradation of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts in fuel cell MEAs and materials‐based solutions to address these issues are reviewed. The key factors that degrade the MEA performance are highlighted. Innovative, emerging material concepts and development of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts are discussed.
Liquid‐Superrepellent Bioinspired Fibrillar Adhesives
Authors: Liimatainen Ville , Drotlef Dirk‐Michael , Son Donghoon , Sitti Metin
Published: April 2020

Bioinspired elastomeric fibrillar surfaces have significant potential as reversible dry adhesives, but their adhesion performance is sensitive to the presence of liquids at the contact interface. Like their models in nature, many artificial mimics can effectively repel water, but fail when low‐surface‐tension liquids are introduced at the contact interface. A bioinspired fibrillar adhesive surface that is liquid‐superrepellent even toward ultralow‐surface‐tension liquids while retaining its adhesive properties is proposed herein. This surface combines the effective adhesion principle of mushroom‐shaped fibrillar arrays with liquid repellency based on double re‐entrant fibril tip geometry. The adhesion performance of the proposed microfibril structures is retained even when low‐surface‐tension liquids are added to the contact interface. The extreme liquid repellency enables real‐world applications of fibrillar adhesives for surfaces covered with water, oil, and other liquids. Moreover, fully elastomeric liquid‐superrepellent surfaces are mechanically not brittle, highly robust against physical contact, and highly deformable and stretchable, which can increase the real‐world uses of such antiwetting surfaces.
Extra‐Axial Inflammatory Signal in Parameninges in Migraine with Visual Aura
Authors: Hadjikhani Nouchine , Albrecht Daniel S. , Mainero Caterina , Ichijo Eri , Ward Noreen , Granziera Cristina , Zürcher Nicole R. , Akeju Oluwaseun , Bonnier Guillaume , Price Julie , Hooker Jacob M. , Napadow Vitaly , Nahrendorf Matthias , Loggia Marco L. , Moskowitz Michael A.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) underlies the neurobiology of migraine with aura (MWA).

Animal studies reveal networks of microvessels linking brain–meninges–bone marrow. CSD activates the trigeminovascular system, evoking a meningeal inflammatory response. Accordingly, this study examines the upregulation of an inflammatory marker in extra‐axial tissues in migraine with visual aura.

Methods

We used simultaneously acquired 11C‐PBR28 positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging data of 18kDa translocator protein (an inflammatory marker) in MWA patients (n = 11) who experienced headaches and visual aura in the preceding month. We measured mean tracer uptake (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVR]) in 4 regions of interest comprising the meninges plus the adjacent overlying skull bone (parameningeal tissues [PMT]). These data were compared to healthy controls and patients with pain (chronic low back pain).

Results

MWA had significantly higher mean SUVR in PMT overlying occipital cortex than both other groups, although not in the PMT overlying 3 other cortical areas. A positive correlation was also found between the number of visual auras and tracer uptake in occipital PMT.

Interpretation

A strong persistent extra‐axial inflammatory signal was found in meninges and calvarial bone overlying the occipital lobe in migraine with visual auras. Our findings are reminiscent of CSD‐induced meningeal inflammation and provide the first imaging evidence implicating inflammation in the pathophysiology of migraine meningeal symptoms. We suspect that this inflammatory focus results from a signal that migrates from underlying brain and if so, may implicate newly discovered bridging vessels that crosstalk between brain and skull marrow, a finding of potential relevance to migraine and other neuroinflammatory brain disorders. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:939–949
Molecular Thorium Trihydrido Clusters Stabilized by Cyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Chen Runhai , Qin Guorui , Li Shihui , Edwards Alison J. , Piltz Ross O. , Del Rosal Iker , Maron Laurent , Cui Dongmei , Cheng Jianhua
Published: April 2020

Hydrogenolysis of alkyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyl (CpR) ligated thorium tribenzyl complexes [(CpR)Th(p‐CH2‐C6H4‐Me)3] (1–6) afforded the first examples of molecular thorium trihydrido complexes [(CpR)Th(μ‐H)3]n (CpR=C5H2(tBu)3 or C5H2(SiMe3)3, n=5; C5Me4SiMe3, n=6; C5Me5, n=7; C5Me4H, n=8; 7–10 and 12) and [(Cp#)12Th13H40] (Cp#=C5H4SiMe3; 13). The nuclearity of the metal hydride clusters depends on the steric profile of the cyclopentadienyl ligands. The hydrogenolysis intermediate, tetra‐nuclear octahydrido thorium dibenzylidene complex [(Cpttt)Th(μ‐H)2]4(μ‐p‐CH‐C6H4‐Me)2 (Cpttt=C5H2(tBu)3) (11) was also isolated. All of the complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Hydride positions in [(CpMe4)Th(μ‐H)3]8 (CpMe4=C5Me4H) were further precisely confirmed by single‐crystal neutron diffraction. DFT calculations strengthen the experimental assignment of the hydride positions in the complexes 7 to 12.
Oberflächenladungen an der CaF2‐Wasser‐Grenzfläche erlauben eine sehr schnelle intermolekulare Übertragung von Schwingungsenergie
Authors: Lesnicki Dominika , Zhang Zhen , Bonn Mischa , Sulpizi Marialore , Backus Ellen H. G.
Published: April 2020

Wir untersuchen die Dynamik von Wasser in Kontakt mit festem Calciumfluorid, bei dem sich bei niedrigem pH‐Wert durch Fluoridauflösung lokalisierte Ladungen bilden können. Wir verwenden zweidimensionale oberflächenspezifische Schwingungsspektroskopie zur Quantifizierung der Heterogenität der Grenzflächenwassermoleküle (D2O) und zum Erhalt von Informationen über die Sub‐Pikosekunden‐Schwingungsenergierelaxationsdynamik an der Fest‐Flüssig‐Grenzfläche. Dabei beobachten wir, dass stark wasserstoffgebundene OD‐Gruppen, mit einer Schwingungsfrequenz unter 2500 cm−1, sehr schnelle spektrale Diffusion und Vibrationsrelaxation zeigen. Für schwach H‐gebundene OD‐Gruppen über 2500 cm−1 verlangsamt sich die Dynamik erheblich. Atomistische Simulationen, basierend auf der elektronischen Strukturtheorie, belegen den molekularen Ursprung des Energietransports durch das lokale Wasserstoffbrückennetzwerk. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass stark orientierte wasserstoffgebundene Wassermoleküle der adsorbierten Schicht, deren Orientierung durch lokalisierte Ladungsdefekte fixiert werden, Schwingungsenergie sehr schnell austauschen können. Diesem schnellen Austausch liegt ein starker kollektiver Dipol zugrunde, welches die teilweise fehlende Solvatationshülle kompensiert.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Heck Carbonylation with a Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligand: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Physostigmine, (+)‐Physovenine, and (+)‐Folicanthine
Authors: Chen Ming , Wang Xucai , Yang Pengfei , Kou Xun , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: April 2020

Reported herein is the development of the first enantioselective monodentate ligand assisted Pd‐catalyzed domino Heck carbonylation reaction with CO. The highly enantioselective domino Heck carbonylation of N‐aryl acrylamides and various nucleophiles, including arylboronic acids, anilines, and alcohols, in the presence of CO was achieved. A novel monodentate phosphoramidite ligand, Xida‐Phos, has been developed for this reaction and it displays excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity. The reaction employs readily available starting materials, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and provides straightforward access to a diverse array of enantioenriched oxindoles having β‐carbonyl‐substituted all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters, thus providing a facile and complementary method for the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive hexahydropyrroloindole and its dimeric alkaloids.
Flame retardancy of water‐based intumescent coatings with etherified melamine–formaldehyde and polyvinyl acetate copolymer hybrid resin
Authors: Chuang Chih‐Shen , Wu Chieh‐Ying , Wu Kuang‐Chong , Sheen Horn‐Jiunn
Published: April 2020

This study investigated etherified melamine–formaldehyde (MF) and polyvinyl acetate copolymer hybrid resins with different intumescent formulations to improve the flame retardancy of plywood. The CO and CO2 emissions of intumescent coatings were also investigated. The miscibility of two resins is indicated by a single cure peak. Intumescence with a hybrid resin demonstrated better flame retardancy relative to that with a pure etherified MF resin. The results of scanning electron microscopy and a cone calorimeter test indicated that a lower binder resin (BR) content enhances fire retardancy and forms an ideal char. Furthermore, an evaluation of total heat release in addition to CO and CO2 emissions (for 300 s) revealed that the intumescent coating had the same flame retardancy when the BR content was increased by 40%. The survival duration of the chemical structures of the phosphocarbonaceous chars was verified using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance analyses.