bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of key performance indicators of capital market-oriented entities in the Prime Standard since the introduction of DRS 20
Authors: Blumenstein Philipp , Schmidt Robert , Hastenteufel Jessica
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the performance indicators of 168 Prime Standard entities since the introduction of DRS 20, focusing on the core question of how the use of performance indicators has changed over time. For this purpose, we compare the published key performance indicators from various companies in different years to point out existing differences. Furthermore, we examine which KPIs are changed most often and how frequently businesses adjust their performance indicators. The companies examined are differentiated according to size and sector.
How to define macroeconomic announcement surprises? An example of the impact of US macroeconomic news on stock prices on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Wójtowicz Tomasz
Published: January 2023

The definition of a news surprise plays a crucial role in the analysis of the impact of unexpected macroeconomic news announcements. In this paper, we study the properties of the most commonly used measure of news surprise, defined as the difference between the announced and expected value of the indicator. Due to the high vulnerability of this measure to outliers, we consider alternative definitions of macroeconomic surprises. Based on the analysis of announcements of 15 American macroeconomic indicators, we show that taking into account the heterogeneity of analysts’ forecasts or the variability of the previous surprises, noticeably improves the properties of the distribution of surprise measures. An additional study performed with the use of a dynamic model proves a strong linear relationship between surprise measures and WIG20 returns in the first five minutes after news announcements.
Comparative studies on the thin films of dicyanoanthracene grown on metal and semimetal surfaces
Authors: Zhang Yu-Feng , Lu Yao-Chen , Bai Meng-Meng , Li Zuo , Shi Ming-Xia , Yang Da-Xiao , Yang Xiao-Tian , Tao Min-Long , Sun Kai , Wang Jun-Zhong ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: January 2023

The interactions between molecules and substrates play an important role in growing organic thin films. The metallic and semimetallic substrates, owing to the different electronic structures, can have distinct interactions with molecular films. Here we make a comparative study on the two-dimensional (2D) self-assemblies of dicyanoanthracene (DCA) molecules on the metallic Cd(0001) and semimetallic Bi(111) surfaces. It is found that the DCA thin film grown on Cd(0001) surface at low temperature exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) growth mode, with the monolayer islands, two-layer islands, and three-layer islands coexisting on the Cd(0001) surface. When deposited at room temperature, the DCA molecules exhibit a 2D growth mode, where the monolayer DCA adopts the 4×\begin{document}$\sqrt {13} $\end{document} reconstruction with respective Cd(0001). The commensurate epitaxy indicates that there is strong interaction between DCA molecules and Cd(0001). In clear contrast, the DCA molecules deposited on the semimetallic Bi(111) surface at low temperature exhibit a 2D growth mode. Furthermore, a moiré pattern with the periodicity of 2.6 nm is observed in the DCA monolayer, indicating the incommensurate epitaxy of DCA monolayer on Bi(111). This can be explained by the weak interaction between DCA and Bi(111) substrate. These results demonstrate that both of the electronic structure of substrates and substrate temperatures can be used to adjust the structures of morphology of DCA films.
CAGE-19-1 Cruise Report: Passive and active ocean-bottom seismic surveys at Vestnesa Ridge, west-Svalbard margin within the framework of the SEAMSTRESS project
Authors: Bünz Stefan
Published: January 2023

Cruise CAGE19-1 with UiT’s research vessel R/V Helmer Hanssen was the 1st of several planned cruises within the SEAMSTRESS project (Tectonic stress effects on Arctic methane seepage), an early-career starting grant by the Tromsø Research Foundation (TFS) and the Research Council of Norway (RCN-Frinatek) awarded to Andreia Plaza-Faverola.

The overall goal of cruise CAGE19-1 was to conduct a large-scale ocean-bottom seismic experiments on the eastern segment of the Vestnesa Ridge. A dense network of 23 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) have been deployed over the Lunde pockmark. Seismic acquisition over these OBS will provide data for a tomographic inversion of travel times in order to obtain the velocity structure of the chimney beneath the Lunde pockmark. In a second experiment, 7 OBS have been deployed long-term until summer 2020 and monitor microseismic events related to tectonics and seepage from pockmarks along the eastern segment of Vestnesa Ridge

The cruise may be known as: CAGE19_1
Microplastic contamination in canned fish sold in Türkiye
Authors: Gündoğdu Sedat , Köşker Ali Riza
Published: January 2023

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in processed seafood is a growing concern. In this study, 33 different canned fish brands belonging to seven producers were purchased from the Turkish market and investigated. MPs composition, possible sources, and potential intake were assessed. Light microscopy was used to quantify potential MPs, and micro-Raman microscopy was used to identify the polymer types. The results showed that all the samples had at least one MPs particle, and fragments were the most abundant (57.3%) shape of MPs. Polyolefin (21.88%) was the most common polymer type. The results showed that packaging and the production processes are the main possible sources of MPs. Human intake estimation risk is relatively lower since canned fish consumption is relatively low. The findings suggest that the risk related to MPs in canned fish should be considered one of the components of food safety management systems.
A geospatial risk analysis graphical user interface for identifying hazardous chemical emission sources
Authors: Hou Hongfei , Ren Huiying , Royer Patrick , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: January 2023

Background

Performing back trajectory and forward trajectory using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) is a reliable approach for assessing particle transport after release among mid-field atmospheric models. HYSPLIT has an externally facing online interface that allows non-expert users to run the model trajectories without requiring extensive training or programming. However, the existing HYSPLIT interface is limited if simulations have a large amount of meteorological data and timesteps that are not coincident. The objective of this study is to design and develop a more robust tool to rapidly evaluate hazard transport conditions and to perform risk analysis, while still maintaining an intuitive and user-friendly interface.

Methods

HYSPLIT calculates forward and backward trajectories of particles based on wind speed, wind direction, and the corresponding location, timestamp, and Pasquill stability classes of the regions of the atmosphere in terms of the wind speed, the amount of solar radiation, and the fractional cloud cover. The computed particle transport trajectories, combined with the online Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) data (https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/ARL_Data_from_PROS_station_at_Hanford_site/19993964), can be used to identify and quantify the sources and affected area of the hazardous chemicals’ emission using the potential source distribution function (PSDF). PSDF is an improved statistical function based on the well-known potential source contribution function (PSCF) in establishing the air pollutant source and receptor relationship. Performing this analysis requires a range of meteorological and pollutant concentration measurements to be statistically meaningful. The existing HYSPLIT graphical user interface (GUI) does not easily permit computations of trajectories of a dataset of meteorological data in high temporal frequency. To improve the performance of HYSPLIT computations from a large dataset and enhance risk analysis of the accidental release of material at risk, a geospatial risk analysis tool (GRAT-GUI) is created to allow large data sets to be processed instantaneously and to provide ease of visualization.

Results

The GRAT-GUI is a native desktop-based application and can be run in any Windows 10 system without any internet access requirements, thus providing a secure way to process large meteorological datasets even on a standalone computer. GRAT-GUI has features to import, integrate, and convert meteorological data with various formats for hazardous chemical emission source identification and risk analysis as a self-explanatory user interface. The tool is available at https://figshare.com/articles/software/GRAT/19426742.
Strategy Research on MOOC Resource Construction and Teaching Application Based on Tourism Management Education
Authors: Xin Lei
Published: January 2023

The construction of school-based characteristic courses is an effective measure to realize the coordinated development of tourism specialty in colleges and universities in serving local areas, transforming achievements, and cultivating talents. It can highlight the characteristics of talent training in local colleges and universities. Taking "Xiangyang Culture and Tourism" as an example, it sets the goal of collaborative education in the construction of school-based characteristic courses that restrict the cooperation between schools and regions Tourism management major in colleges and universities is a "theory+practice" major. Under the background of "Internet plus+tourism" and "Internet plus education", tourism management major not only needs to pay attention to the development trend of "Internet plus+tourism", but also needs to integrate the concept of "Internet plus" into classroom teaching. Through "Internet plus Tourism Management Education", it is an important mission of the current classroom teaching reform of tourism management specialty to explore a new model of "Internet plus" classroom teaching and cultivate more excellent tourism talents.
Research on the Improvement of Online Film Festival to the Public Participation Experience -Taking Beijing International Film Festival as an Example
Authors: LanWei Huang , YiYu Chen
Published: January 2023

This paper selects the Fifth Beijing International Film Festival as the case study object, uses the theories of "cultural circle" and "secondary communication" to analyze its foreign communication strategies, and summarizes its relevant experience in improving international influence and strengthening China's cultural soft power under the premise of maintaining the culture with Chinese characteristics, with a view to benefiting the healthy development of foreign news reports on similar cultural activities in the future. Through roast about the negative experience of the film festival and the practice of advice, fans identify themselves as "festival builders" different from ordinary fans. They practice their own imagination about international film festivals and build a "cross-border cultural identity" with a global background. The participation of film fans in the Shanghai International Film Festival is a collective appearance and show of Chinese film fans.
Research on the Formation Process of the New Media Eating and Broadcasting Community
Authors: Song Wei
Published: January 2023

This paper hopes to explore the current situation of online food broadcasting culture communication in the perspective of We Media, and explore the areas that need to be improved in combination with my personal work "Uncover the secrets of new species of" food broadcasting ", so as to provide a better new path for the development of online food broadcasting culture, discuss the survival and development of food related short video We Media, and deeply analyze the current situation of marketing strategy application of food related We Media community, There are problems in the application of strategies and suggestions for solutions, and relevant conclusions are drawn. Through this study, to some extent, it is helpful to provide some reference significance and reference value for the future development of short video We Media.
Perspective on Creating Problem Situation in High School Information Technology Teaching
Authors: Tang Li
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the quality of information technology classroom teaching in senior high school and promote the development of students, according to the situational teaching theory, combined with the teaching practice of information technology curriculum in senior high school, the creation of problem situations in information technology classroom teaching in senior high school was studied. On the basis of reflection and induction, how to improve the teaching efficiency has been the focus of information technology curriculum teachers in senior high school. Based on the current situation of information technology teaching in senior high school, this paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the contextualized teaching strategy of information technology curriculum in senior high school from the significance and strategy of creating situation.
The Role of Art Criticism in the Study of Art History: A General Research
Authors: Shiming Wang
Published: January 2023

This paper briefly discusses the writing of art criticism, art history, the relationship between art criticism and art history, and the qualities that critics should have. Art criticism is the evaluation and value judgment of art works or art phenomena based on certain standards. The emergence of art criticism is to better appreciate and understand art, and its emergence is mainly in the transition period between classical art and modern art. In the section of "Art Criticism Writing", it focuses on "What is Criticism" and several links of art criticism writing; In the section of "writing of art history", the author focuses on the logical relationship between Greenberg's thought of "dialectical transformation" and art history.
Aplicación de enfoque multicriterio y sistema experto para apoyar una gestión de abastecimiento
Authors: Navarro Carlos Torres , Neira Javier Córdova
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la factibilidad de integración entre las teorías de inventarios y de sistemas expertos a través del diseño de un sistema informático basado en el conocimiento para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones en el área de logística y abastecimiento de una empresa forestal líder en Latino América. La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión de publicaciones científicas de acceso online sobre modelos de inventarios, criterios de clasificación multicriterio ABC e identificación de los componentes de sistemas expertos basados en el conocimiento. Los resultados permiten disponer de un diseño de sistema experto soportado por planillas Excel, programación de macros en Visual Basic e interacción con un sistema informático de planificación de recursos empresariales. Las principales conclusiones son que es factible la integración entre la teoría de inventarios, la utilización de una clasificación multicriterio ABC con la teoría de sistemas expertos basados en conocimientos de tipo tácito y explícito y además, es posible lograr una reducción del 40% del capital de trabajo retenido en inventarios.
Audiological Assessment in Post COVID19 Patients- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abraham Angela Grace , Navin RB Namasivaya , Prabakaran S , Rajasekaran S
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hearing loss following a viral infection is a common entity. In recent studies, hearing loss has been seen among Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients, but its association is yet to be established. Aim: To determine the presence of hearing loss and its type in patients after COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary health centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, from October 2021 to April 2022. Total of 125 patients, who had a positive history of COVID-19 infection, were reviewed in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, one month after they were tested Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive. After obtaining proper clinical history and examination, Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) were done. Audiological report was assessed and analysed. Qualitative variables will be expressed in proportions and quantitative variables in Mean±SD/ Median (IQR), Chi- square test was applied. Results: This study included 65 males (52%) and 60 females (48%), and the mean age was 38.44±10.9 years years. Among the 125 patients, 12 (9.6%) were diabetic, 14 (11.2%) were hypertensive, 5 (4%) had dyslipidaemia, 3 (2.4%) were hypothyroid, while remaining 91 patients (72.8%) had no comorbidities. Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) was found among 45 patients (34 with unilateral and 11 with bilateral involvement). Out of them, 2 (4.5%) (4.5%) were in the age group of 18-30 years, 19 (42.2%) in 31-45 years and 24 (53.3%) between 46-60 years age group. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hearing loss, 27 patients had mild sensorineural hearing loss, 12 patients with moderate, and 6 patients with moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: SNHL were found among patients who had COVID-19 infection, but due to the absence of a pre COVID-19 documented audiogram, it was difficult to conclude whether the hearing loss had occurred due to COVID-19, pre-existing hearing loss, or age-related. Further studies are required for proper understanding and correlation.
A Rare Presentation of Subhepatic Caecum and Appendix with Atrophic Gall Bladder in a Cadaver
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya
Published: January 2023

A case of subhepatic, mobile caecum and appendix was found in a 65-year-old male cadaver. The appendix was attached to the right wall of caecum, in addition, a small and atrophic gall bladder, only 1.5 cm in length, was noted in the fossa for gall bladder of liver, connected to the right colic flexure by a cystocolic peritoneal band. The case was found during the routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students. This kind of finding has not been reported in any previous literature associated with subhepatic caecum. This unusual position of appendix might cause atypical sign and symptoms during episode of acute appendicitis. This might affect the gall bladder, located in close vicinity, leading to inflammation, atrophy and adhesion to the adjacent right colic flexure. This type of case might cause diagnostic and management challenges for the clinicians and complicated disease conditions in the patients.
A mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer működésének értékelése 2021
Authors: Áldorfai György , Gerencsér Ilona , Keszthelyi Szilárd , Kovač Anna Rebeka , Péter Krisztina , Szili Viktor
Published: January 2023

A kiadvány a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer I-III. pillérének működését és eredményeit mutatja be a 2021-es évre vonatkozóan, továbbá a IV. pillérhez, azaz a krízisbiztosítási rendszerhez, annak elindulása óta (2021-2022. években) csatlakozott gazdálkodók főbb jellemzőit ismerteti. Az elemzés célja, hogy segítséget nyújtson a rendszer irányítójának, az Agrárminisztériumnak a jogszabályi háttér esetleges változtatásához, valamint tájékozódási pontot jelentsen a termelők, a biztosítótársaságok és biztosítói egyesületek részére. Az értékelés első részében áttekintjük a jogszabályi háttér 2021. évi változásait, valamint a tárgyévet jellemző időjárási jelenségeket. Majd az I. és a II. pillér eredményeit értékeljük járásonként, veszélynemenként, méretkategóriánként és ágazati bontásban, továbbá megvizsgáljuk a biztosítási díjak változását az „A”, „B”, „C”, illetve kiegészítő biztosítások esetében külön külön is. Ezt követően ismertetjük a III. pillér működésének elmúlt évi tapasztalatait. Végül bemutatjuk a kockázatkezelési rendszer legújabb, IV. pillérét, a mezőgazdasági krízisbiztosítási rendszert.
Study of the Timeliness of Annual Financial Reporting for Public Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wahjono . , Iswanto Alex Candra , Kefi Batista Sufa , Subchan .
Published: January 2023

Aims: Study this regarding the timeliness, aim test influence company size, leverage, profitability and internal control system (ICS) on timeliness in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

Study Design: Correlational.

Place and Duration of Study: The Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020.

Methodology: Population study this is whole companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. Sample 84 is determined based on the formula Slovin, with a simple random sampling technique. The analytical method used multiple linear regression with SPSS 24 program.

Results: Profitability and ICS significantly negatively affect timeliness reporting finance, while leverage has a positive impact; as for the size company, no influence on timeliness reporting finance.

Conclusion: Research results support signalling theory, providing empirical proof that timeliness will also be the more appropriate time for companies with high profitability and ICS.
Motivational Factors and Participation of Senior High School Students in Attending Online Masses in Bacolod, Philippines
Authors: Adera Yuval C. , Petalla Marisa B. , Villanueva Darrene John M.
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the suspension of face-to-face masses. This started the online masses used by schools, especially Catholics, to allow students to attend the sacraments virtually. This study investigated the degree of motivational factors and the level of participation of students in attending online masses and determined if a significant relationship exists between the two variables. Specific to motivational factors, this paper covered requirement, meaningfulness, liturgical celebration, and parental influence. The measurement of the factors and the level of participation was done using survey questionnaires. There were 298 sampled respondents in this study. The study revealed a moderate degree of motivational factors and a high level of participation in attending online masses among Senior High School students. Further, there were significant differences in motivational factors of meaningfulness and liturgical celebration and the level of participation. However, no significant differences were found in motivational factors of requirement and parental influence. The findings further revealed a significant relationship between motivational factors and participation in attending online masses. The study's results served as bases for formulating an enhanced Christian Life Formation Program to help students regain a high appreciation for the Holy Mass and the sacraments despite the modality. The results also suggested the need for collaboration between and among the Senior High School Department, the Campus Ministry Office, the institution, the parents, and the Diocese.
Assessment of the Impact of Some Socio - Economic Variables on Worldwide Average Life Expectancy: A Logit Approach
Authors: Udoumoh E. F. , Subeno T. , William U. I.
Published: January 2023

Life Expectancy is considered as a key indicator for measuring the total wellbeing of a country. In this paper, the impact of some socio-economic variables on life expectancy is investigated. These variables namely: access to electricity, GDP per capita, unemployment total labour force, unemployment of youth total, health expenditure per capita, and adjusted national income were common for all countries. The Binary Logistic Regression model was considered and the analysis was done using the Forward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio) procedure. Using the data of life expectancy of 70 countries in year 2020, results revealed that access to electricity and health expenditure per capita positively impacted on life expectancy. Countries that had Access to Electricity were 1.113 times (Prob. = 0.53) more likely to attend the worldwide life expectancy. Countries with increased Health Expenditure per Capita were 1.004 times (Prob. = 0.50) more likely to experience increase in life expectancy. Health expenditure per capita was significant at ; which implies that appropriate health financing has significant positive impact on life expectancy irrespective of country.
Politics of Teacher’s Promotion System in Public Schools
Authors: Luy Charlene , Diaz Rhey Mark
Published: January 2023

This study explored the lived experiences of teachers on the prevalence of politics in the promotional system of their workplace. This utilized the phenomenological approach, gathered data using in-depth interviews and focus groups to have a deeper apprehension of their lived experiences, how it affects the teachers, and their insights.  Results of the study revealed that politics in the workplace is widespread, and depending on their organizational position could offer either benefits or drawbacks. Four themes are emanated from the lived experiences of the participants, namely: voluminous requirement, unjust selection, nepotism/ Padrino system and gender discrimination. It revealed that nepotism/ Padrino system is among the most prominent situations encountered by educators at work. Teachers narrated how their unpleasant experiences led them to find the motivation to grow both professionally and personally. On the other hand, the effects of politics on the promotional system revealed two major themes: favorable effects and unfavorable effects, indicating that their effectiveness at work is compromised. Expectedly, their insights reflected that the current promotional systems of learning institutions must be improved. Two main themes emerged from their insights, specifically: reforms and active participation, and; professional and personal growth. Nonetheless, this sheds light on the current promotional system of DepEd, thus appropriate interventions must be done to create a fair environment and offer equal opportunities for promotions in the workplace.
Character Association in M4 Micro Mutants in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Rohit . , Singh Jitendra , Negi Archana
Published: January 2023

To determine the association among yield related traits on grain yield of mutant wheat, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of R. B. S. College, Bichpuri, Agra (Uttar Pradesh). The application of physical mutagens such as X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons, as well as chemical mutagens, for inducing variation is well set up. Induced mutations have been applied to the Joint offer of FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Methods in Agriculture, more than 1800 cultivars acquired either as direct mutants or derived from their crosses have been released globally in 50 countries. The correlation of twelve characters in wheat induced mutants was investigated. The number of spikelets per spike and spike length both had a significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. Selection for traits that are positively correlated with yield per plant could lead to increased yield. This suggests that selecting for these traits may be more effective in maximising grain yield.
Common Approaches of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Induction Assays
Authors: Ghosh Rupali , Nayan Md. Iqbal Hossain , Mitu Mehedi Mala , Nandi Tirtha
Published: January 2023

The induction of enzymes is a defensive mechanism for some xenobiotics, but it may alter the drug's safety and efficacy by altering the activity of metabolic enzymes. One of the major families of enzymes involved in phase I metabolism is Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes which may get induced by certain drugs. Concomitant administration of drugs due to chronic disease or polypharmacy, inducers among them may cause toxicity or reduce the plasma concentration at a sub-therapeutic level. This is one of the dangerous types of drug-drug interactions, but predictable & preventable. The CYPs get induced by three nuclear receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); constitutive androstane receptor (CAR); the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Without identification during drug development, enzyme induction phenomenon of a new drug molecule may get noticed only during pharmacovigilance. Though, this CYP induction may not be a barrier for drug development, it may cause possible DDI and treatment failure. According to FDA guidelines, pharmaceutical industries adopted In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo techniques based on different developmental stages. The results are also interpreted based on regulatory bodies guidelines. For In-vitro assay best accepted method is using primary hepatocytes either fresh or cryopreserved, for Ex-vivo liver slices of different species and in-vivo, clinical investigations are the extreme option. This paper reviews current industry approaches of CYP induction assays to evaluate potentiality for a new drug molecule as an inducer.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity Using D2 Statistics in Brinjal of North Bengal
Authors: R. Sanjay K. , Sikder Subhamoy , Basfore Shibnath , Sivasankarreddy Kasireddy , Ramesh Eggadi
Published: January 2023

Aim: Assessment of genetic diversity studies using D2 statistics in Brinjal of North Bengal.

Study Design: Diversity D2 analysis.

Methodology: This study was undertaken to understand the genetic divergence of the 32 brinjal genotypes collected from different locations of North Bengal region. Through diversity D2 analysis whole genotypes were categorized under seven groups with no evidence for geographical diversity as necessarily cause of genetic diversity.

Results and Conclusion: Highest genetic diversity was recorded in cluster I and V argued for their utilization to develop transgressive segregate lines. Genotypes under cluster VI and VII found to be effective for the improvement of yield related attributes. The cross combinations between cluster VI and V, cluster VI and II, cluster VI and VI, cluster VI and I, cluster VI and III, cluster VI and cluster VII could be effectively utilized to  improve heterotic population or recombinant.
Noble Indices for Degree of Host Plant Resistance against Alternaria Blight in Rapeseed-mustard Genotypes
Authors: Priyanka B. Shainy , Singh H. K. , Srivastava J. P.
Published: January 2023

Experiments were conducted at Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to evaluate 15 promising genotypes of rapeseed-mustard against Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk) Sacc. and A. brassicicola (Schw) Wiltshire. It is the most destructive and major disease problem under eastern Uttar Pradesh in Indian condition causing both the quantitative and qualitative losses. The evaluation criteria for host resistance against the disease considered were the number and size of spot, number of conidia per spot on both the vegetative (leaf) and reproductive (pod) parts were regularly recorded at periodical intervals starting from the disease appearance till the physiological maturity of each genotypes. The indices which were considered for in built resistance were delayed appearance of visible symptoms, minimum number of spot and their size, number of conidia per spot as well as the minimum leaf defoliation. The disease appeared first in genotype T-9 (44 DAS) which was delayed in GSL-5 (53 DAS). The number of spot/10cm2, size, sporulation capacity in terms of conidia per spot varied invariably among the genotypes and significantly in some cases. The appearance of disease symptoms in the form of blighted spots varied invariably (44 to 53 DAS) in different genotypes. The delayed appearance of disease symptoms (53 and 52 DAS), lower number of spot / 10cm2 on leaf (3.07 and 3.65), pods (3.74 and 4.14), smallest spot size on leaf (3.54 and 3.05 cm), pods (1.22 and 1.27 cm2), number of conidia per spot on leaf (1230 and 1630), pods (130 and 150) were visualised in genotype GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya,respectively indicating a certain pattern and may be considered as attributes of disease resistance. Further, this fact was strengthened with minimum leaf defoliation (32.03 and 35.55%), PDI on leaf (12.35 and 14.16), pods (7.73 and 7.93) and ultimately the AUDPC calculated on leaf (486.70 and 551.90) and pods (282.85 and 291.05). Accordingly both the genotypes were grouped in moderately resistant (MR) category. The correlation coefficient (r) among parameters attributing to resistance behaviour worked out proved helpful in drawing the conclusion. Because very limited source of durable resistance are available, it may be suggested to exploit the two genotypes i.e.GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya for breeding programme against Alternaria blight.
Assessing the Discriminatory Ability of Diagnostic Criteria for Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Its Mimickers
Authors: Ji-Xu Antonio , Liakos William , Merleev Alexander , Brüggen Marie-Charlotte , Nelson Caroline A.
Published: January 2023

This comparative effectiveness research study assesses the discriminatory ability of diagnostic criteria for pyoderma gangrenosum.
Rates of Follow-up Colonoscopy After a Positive Stool-Based Screening Test Result for Colorectal Cancer Among Health Care Organizations in the US, 2017-2020
Authors: Mohl Jeff T. , Ciemins Elizabeth L. , Miller-Wilson Lesley-Ann , Gillen Abbie , Luo Roger , Colangelo Francis
Published: January 2023

Importance

Noninvasive stool-based screening tests (SBTs) are effective alternatives to colonoscopy. However, a positive SBT result requires timely follow-up colonoscopy (FU-CY) to complete the colorectal cancer screening paradigm.

Objectives

To evaluate FU-CY rates after a positive SBT result and to assess the association of the early COVID-19 pandemic with FU-CY rates.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This mixed-methods cohort study included retrospective analysis of deidentified administrative claims and electronic health records data between June 1, 2015, and June 30, 2021, from the Optum Labs Data Warehouse and qualitative, semistructured interviews with clinicians from 5 health care organizations (HCOs). The study population included data from average-risk primary care patients aged 50 to 75 years with a positive SBT result between January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2020, at 39 HCOs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the FU-CY rate within 1 year of a positive SBT result according to patient age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance type, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and prior SBT use.

Results

This cohort study included 32 769 individuals (16 929 [51.7%] female; mean [SD] age, 63.1 [7.1] years; 2092 [6.4%] of Black and 28 832 [88.0%] of White race; and 825 [2.5%] of Hispanic ethnicity). The FU-CY rates were 43.3% within 90 days of the positive SBT result, 51.4% within 180 days, and 56.1% within 360 days (n = 32 769). In interviews, clinicians were uniformly surprised by the low FU-CY rates. Rates varied by race, ethnicity, insurance type, presence of comorbidities, and SBT used. In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the strongest positive association was with multitarget stool DNA use (hazard ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.57-1.68] relative to fecal immunochemical tests; P < .001), and the strongest negative association was with the presence of comorbidities (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.59-0.71] for a CCI of >4 relative to 0; P < .001). The early COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower FU-CY rates.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that FU-CY rates after a positive SBT result for colorectal cancer screening were low among an average-risk population, with the median HCO achieving a 53.4% FU-CY rate within 1 year. Socioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with lower FU-CY rates, presenting opportunities for targeted intervention by clinicians and health care systems.
Rational combination of SHP2 and mTOR inhibition for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mulero‐Sánchez Antonio , Ramirez Christel F. A. , du Chatinier Aimée , Wang Hui , Koomen Sofie J. I. , Song Ji‐Ying , de Groot Marnix H. P. , Lieftink Cor , Bosma Astrid , Burylo Artur , van Tellingen Olaf , Beijersbergen Roderick L. , Wang Cun , Akkari Leila , Bernards René , Mainardi Sara
Published: January 2023

Liver cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the main primary malignancy affecting the liver. Unfortunately, there are still limited therapeutic options for HCC, and even the latest advances have only increased the overall survival modestly. Thus, new treatment strategies and rational drug combinations are urgently needed. Reactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) has been described as a mechanism of intrinsic resistance to targeted therapies in a variety of cancers, including inhibitors of mTOR. The design of rational combination therapies to overcome this type of resistance is complicated by the notion that multiple RTK can be upregulated during the acquisition of resistance. SHP2, encoded by the gene PTPN11, acts downstream of virtually all RTK, and has proven to be a good target for small molecule inhibitors. Here, we report activation of multiple RTK upon mTOR inhibition in HCC which, through SHP2, leads to reactivation of the mTOR pathway. We show that co‐inhibition of both mTOR and SHP2 is highly synergistic in vitro by triggering apoptosis. More importantly, the combination is well‐tolerated and outperforms the monotherapies in impairing tumor growth in multiple HCC mouse models. Our findings suggest a novel rational combination therapy for the treatment of HCC.
AAPM BTSC Report 377: Physicist Brachytherapy Training in 2021—A survey of therapeutic medical physics residency program directors
Authors: Aima Manik , Simiele Samantha J. , Richardson Susan L. , Melhus Christopher S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Brachytherapy (BT) was the first radiotherapeutic technique used to treat human disease and remains an essential modality in radiation oncology. A decline in the utilization of BT as a treatment modality has been observed and reported, which may impact training opportunities for medical physics residents. A survey of therapeutic medical physics residency program directors was performed as part of an assessment of the current state of BT training during residency.

Methods

In March 2021, a survey consisting of 23 questions was designed by a working unit of the Brachytherapy Subcommittee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and approved for distribution by the Executive Committee of the AAPM. The survey was distributed to the directors of the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs (CAMPEP)‐accredited therapeutic medical physics residency programs by the AAPM. The participant response was recorded anonymously in an online platform and then analyzed using MATLAB and Microsoft Excel software.

Results

The survey was distributed to the program directors of 110 residency programs. Over the course of 6 weeks, 72 directors accessed the survey online, and 55 fully completed the survey. Individual responses from the directors (including partial submissions) were evaluated and analyzed. Nearly all participating programs (98%) utilize high dose rate BT treatments with 74% using low dose rate BT techniques. All programs treated gynecological sites using BT, and the next most common treatment sites were prostate (80%) and breast (53%). Overall, the residency program directors had a positive outlook toward BT as a radiotherapeutic treatment modality. Caseload and time limitations were identified as primary barriers to BT training by some programs.

Conclusions

Based on the responses of the program directors, it was identified that the residency programs might benefit from additional resources such as virtual BT training, interinstitutional collaborations as well as resident fellowships. Programs might also benefit from additional guidance related to BT‐specific training requirements to help program directors attest Authorized Medical Physicist eligibility for graduating residents.
Synergistic Effect of Co‐Culturing Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts in the Formation of Tumoroid Clusters and Design of In Vitro 3D Models for the Testing of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Pierantoni Lara , Brancato Virginia , Costa João B. , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. , Silva‐Correia Joana , Oliveira Joaquim M.
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is still the leading cause of women's death due to relapse and metastasis. In vitro tumor models are considered reliable tools for drug screening and understanding cancer‐driving mechanisms due to the possibility of mimicking tumor heterogeneity. Herein, a 3D breast cancer model (3D‐BCM) is developed based on enzymatically‐crosslinked silk fibroin (eSF) hydrogels. Human MCF7 breast cancer cells are encapsulated into eSF hydrogels, with and without human mammary fibroblasts. The spontaneously occurring conformational change from random coil to β‐sheet is correlated with increased eSF hydrogels’ stiffness over time. Moreover, mechanical properties analysis confirms that the cells can modify the stiffness of the hydrogels, mimicking the microenvironment stiffening occurring in vivo. Fibroblasts support cancer cells growth and assembly in the eSF hydrogels up to 14 days of culture. Co‐cultured 3D‐BCM exhibits an upregulated expression of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling and fibroblast activation. The 3D‐BCM is subjected to doxorubicin and paclitaxel treatments, showing differential drug response. Overall, these results suggest that the co‐culture of breast cancer cells and fibroblasts in eSF hydrogels allow the development of a mimetic in vitro platform to study cancer progression. This opens up new research avenues to investigate novel molecular targets for anti‐cancer therapy.
Realization of Artificial Nerve Synapses Based on Biological Threshold Resistive Random Access Memory
Authors: Wang Lu , Zuo Ze , Wen Dianzhong
Published: January 2023

A one‐selector one resistor (1S1R) array formed of a selector and resistive random access memory (RRAM) is an important way to achieve high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing. However, the low durability and poor consistency of the selector limit its practical application. The fabrication of a selector based on egg albumen (EA) is reported in this paper. The device exhibits excellent bidirectional threshold switching characteristics, including a low leakage current (10−7 A), a high ON/OFF current ratio (106), and good endurance (>700 days). It is used as a selector to form a 1S1R unit in combination with an EA‐based RRAM to effectively solve the leakage current in a crossbar array. A feasible solution is provided for the realization of a protein‐based 1S1R array to achieve high‐density storage. The 1S1R unit shows characteristics similar to those of synapses in the human brain under impulse excitation and has great potential in simulating the human brain for neuromorphic calculations.)
Cross Network Composite Aerogel Towards Robust and Fire‐Resist Thermal Insulation Material
Authors: Liao Wang , Li Zihang , Yang Ling
Published: January 2023

Thermal insulation materials with excellent fire safety and mechanical performances are urgently desired. Herein, novel cross network composite aerogels (CNCAs) are designed with cationic amylopectin and polyvinyl alcohol that act as the macromolecular framework and montmorillonite and borax that act as the functional binders. The CNCAs demonstrate low density (0.033–0.043 g cm−3), high strength (5.1–18.4 MPa), and anisotropic thermal conductivity. Furthermore, they exhibit high fire safety (limiting oxygen index > 50, UL‐94 V‐0 rating, and negligible heat and smoke release under cone calorimetry testing condition). Particularly, the after‐fire residue can still have an excellent load capacity with a compression modulus of 3.7 MPa. Based on the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results, up to avg. 91.3% of the carbon from the organic polymers remains in the residue. These characteristics not only ensure the safe use of the CNCAs but also expand their application fields and improve their durability.
High‐Efficiency Perovskite Quantum Dot Photovoltaic with Homogeneous Structure and Energy Landscape
Authors: Huang Hehe , Zhang Xuliang , Gui Ruohua , Zhao Chenyu , Guo Junjun , Maung Yin Maung , Yin Hang , Ma Wanli , Yuan Jianyu
Published: January 2023

The energy disorder originating from quantum dot (QD) size and relevant solid film inhomogeneity is detrimental to the charge transport and efficiency of QD based solar cells. The emergence of halide perovskite QDs (PQDs) have attracted great attention as promising absorbers in QD photovoltaics. However, it is currently difficult in preparing structural uniform PQD film with homogenous energetic landscape, which is essential for highly reproducible and efficient solar cells. Herein, assisted by a bidentate ligand 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, a facile solution phase anchoring (SPA) strategy is first reported for design and preparation of all‐inorganic CsPbI3 PQD film with reduced structure and energy disorder. The SPA can enhance PQD dispersion as well as dot‐to‐dot interaction, which is beneficial for fabricating high‐quality PQD arrays and photovoltaic devices. The engineered CsPbI3 PQD solar cell exhibits enhanced reproducibility, and higher open–circuit voltage together with a champion efficiency of 16.14%, which is among the highest report to date. These results are believed to provide design principle of uniform PQDs for high‐performance optoelectronic application.
Self‐Powered Nanofluidic Pressure Sensor with a Linear Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Yue Yang , Liu Nishuang , Su Tuoyi , Cheng Yongfa , Liu Weijie , Lei Dandan , Cheng Feng , Ge Binghui , Gao Yihua
Published: January 2023

The transfer functions of the widely used pressure sensors do not exhibit the desired linearity, which limits their practicability in many fields, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Herein, MXene/cellulose nanofiber composite membrane‐based linear nanofluidic pressure sensors are demonstrated. The nanoscale gaps between MXene laminates restrict the movement of electrolyte and realize the selective transport of ions, based on which mechanical signals can be converted into electric energy for self‐powering. In particular, the generated voltage and current are directly proportional to the applied pressure. The introduction of high‐strength cellulose nanofibers not only expands the detection range of the sensor but also achieves continuous adjustment of the nano‐gap between MXene laminates, which optimizes the sensitivity of the device. The feasibility of further optimization through the modulation of surface functional groups, electrolyte concentration, and device assembly method is proposed. This 2D nanofluid pressure sensor provides an important approach to manufacture portable and wearable electronic devices for applications in many fields.