bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Longitudinal Double Submerged Arc Weld (LDSAW) of X-120M Steel Line Pipe
Authors: Chandel Jai Dev Singh , Singh Nand Lal
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with the development of submerged arc welding wires for longitudinal double submerged arc welded (LDSAW) line pipe weld through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental procedure in the paper describes the test coupons preparation for submerged arc welding (SAW) with various combinations of wire and flux with varying level of alloying element. Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy has been carried out to establish the desired microstructure in the weld of LDSAW for manufacturing the API-5L X-120M line pipes. The TEM micrographs for shows the lath type ferrite and bainitic type ferrite with high dislocation density. The lath type ferrite and bainitic type ferrite with high dislocation density also have fine precipitates in the ferrite matrix having orientation relationship. The weld metal suitable for X-120M have the microstructure of mainly bainitic and martensitic with high dislocation density and coarse precipitates in the matrix. The bainitic and martensitic microstructure have excellent fracture toughness down to -20 °C at this strength level (X-120M).
Joining of Mild Steel Plates Using Microwave Energy
Authors: Bansal Amit , Sharma Apurbba Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Das Shantanu
Published: November 2012

This paper describes joining of bulk MS (mild steel) plates using a domestic microwave oven at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 900 W. Microwave Hybrid Heating (MHH) is used for joining of MS plate by placing an interlayer of Ni powder of average thickness of about 0.3 mm between two interfacing surfaces. Characterization of the joints has been carried out using X ray diffraction (XRD), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and Vickers micro indentation. The back scattered electron (BSE) image shows complete melting of powder particle yielding diffusion bonding between interfacing powder particles and MS plates The average micro hardness of the joints observed to be 420 ± 30 Hv which is significantly higher than the substrate hardness of 230 ± 10 Hv. The results obtained after performing tensile test show that the joints have an average strength of 250 MPa with a percentage elongation of 6 percent
Microstructural Features and Oxidation Behaviour of NiCrAlY Coatings Obtained by HVOF Process
Authors: Rana Nidhi , Jayaganthan R. , Prakash Satya
Published: November 2012

NiCrAlY coating system has been widely used for the advanced gas turbines to provide protection against high temperature oxidation and corrosion. Various methods have been used to develop these superalloy coatings. In present investigation, NiCrAlY superalloy coatings have been deposited on the superalloy substrate (Superni76) using commercially available NiCrAlY powder and High Velocity Oxide Fuel (HVOF) process. These coatings have been characterised in terms of their microhardness, porosity, microstructure features and surface roughness. The coatings have been oxidized cyclically (1hour heating and 20minutes cooling) in air at 900οC. The weight change curves have been plotted and the parabolic rate constant has been evaluated. The oxides formed after oxidation has been studied by using various techniques like optical microscopy, FESEM/EDAX and XRD. It has been observed Al¬2O3, NiCr2O4 and Cr2O3 formed upon oxidation of the coatings provide protection to the substrate alloy.
Study of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Using Mechanically Alloyed Magnetic Abrasives
Authors: Patil Mahadev Gouda , Chandra Kamlesh , Misra P.S.
Published: November 2012

The finishing characteristics of mechanically alloyed magnetic abrasives used in cylindrical magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) are presented in this study. Mechanical alloying is a solid state powder processing technique, where the powder particles are subjected to impact by the balls in a high energy ball mill or attritor at room temperature. After the process, fine magnetic abrasives are obtained in which the abrasive particles are attached to the base metal matrix without any bonding material. The magnetic particle used in the magnetic abrasive production is iron powder and the abrasive is aluminium oxide. Magnetic abrasives play the role of cutting tools in MAF, which is emerging as an important non-conventional machining process. The experiments performed on stainless steel tubes examine the effects of varying the quantity of magnetic abrasives, magnetic flux density, speed of rotation of the workpiece and amount of lubricant. The surface roughness measurements demonstrate the effects of the abrasive behaviour on the surface modification. The surface roughness was analysed in terms of percentage improvement in surface finish (PISF). The obtained maximum PISF was 40 % and the minimum surface roughness was 0.63 μm Ra.
Corrosion Performance of Mild Steel in Paper Mill Effluent
Authors: Ram Chhotu , Sharma Chaya , Singh Ajay Kumar
Published: November 2012

Present paper reports investigations carried on corrosion behaviour of mild steel in effluents collected from paper mill treatment plant. For this purpose, effluent was collected from after primary and secondary treatment stages. Mild steel samples were exposed to these effluents for duration of six months. The corroded samples were analysed for weight loss and extent of localised corrosion. Electrochemical polarization tests like open circuit potential (OCP), tafel plot and anodic polarization were also performed to estimate corrosion rate, polarization resistance and localized corrosion parameters in the studied system. The extent of corrosion attack has been correlated with effluent parameters namely pH, electrical conductivity (Ec), total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride content, colour and sulphate.
Effects of Surface Disordering on Optical & Mechanical Properties of Ar+ Implanted Polycarbonate
Authors: Shekhawat Nidhi , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Sharma Annu , Nair Krishan Gopal Murli
Published: November 2012

The surface disordering produced in polycarbonate specimens by 130 keV Ar+ ions has been investigated. The effect of argon ions on the surface structure of polycarbonate specimens has also been studied. The polycarbonate specimens were implanted with 130 keV Ar+ ions in the dose range of 1×1014-1×1016 ions cm-2. The change in the Urbach energy (disorder parameter) after implantation has been estimated using Urbach edge method by applying UV-Visible spectroscopic technique. Optical energy gaps of virgin as well as implanted specimens have also been calculated using UV-Visible spectroscopic technique. A clear enhancement in Urbach energy (disorder parameter) from 0.61 eV (virgin sample) to 1.38 eV (at a fluence of 1×1016 Ar+ cm-2) and a drastic decline in optical energy gap (4.1 eV to 0.63 eV) with increasing implantation dose has been observed. This decrease in optical energy gap has been found to have linear dependence on the increase in the Urbach energy which point towards the formation of disordered structures in the implanted layers of polycarbonate. The structural changes produced due to implantation have been studied using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic technique. Furthermore, Knoop microhardness has been found to be enhanced 14 times (at a load of 9.8 mN) after implantation. The possible correlation of the increase in Knoop surface hardness with the structural changes observed as a result of implantation has been established and discussed.
High Temperature Degradation of Co Based Superalloy in Incinerator Environment
Authors: Mudgal Deepa , Verma Pawan K. , Singh Surendra , Prakash Satya
Published: November 2012

Degradation by high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion is the main failure mode of components in the hot section of gas turbines, boilers, industrial waste incinerators, metallurgical furnaces and petrochemical installations etc. Corrosive environment is because of the usage of wide range of fuel containing large amount of Cl and S together with the volatile alkali metals such as K and Na which leads to the degradation of material. To obviate this problem, superalloy Superco 605 has been studied in air as well as in molten salt environment at 900°C for 100cycles. Weight change measurements were taken by a digital electronic weighing balance having accuracy of 1 mg after each cycle (heating at 900°C for 1 hr. and subsequently cooling in air for 20 min.) which was used to determine the kinetics of corrosion. The oxide scales formed on the surface of the superalloy were characterized by various techniques such as FESEM, EDAX and XRD. It was found that superco 605 shows good oxidation resistance in air at 900°C but poor corrosion resistance in simulated incinerator environment.
Microstructural Studies of Zr-2.5Nb and Zircaloy-2 Pressure Tubes Irradiated in Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
Authors: Srivastava Dinesh , Banerjee Suparna , Neogy Suman , Ramadasan E. , Anantharaman S. , Dey G.K. , Saibaba N.
Published: November 2012

The Indian PHWR uses Zr-2.5% Nb pressure tubes and its in-reactor performance mainly irradiation creep and growth depends strongly on its microstructure. A detailed microstructural examination was carried out on unirradiated pressure tubes off-cuts and an irradiated pressure tube S-07 of KAPS-2 (operated for 8 effective full power years (EFPYs)), Microstructural characterization was carried out using transmission electron microscopy. Microstructual observation of un-irradiated off-cuts shows the lamellar morphology of the -Zr along with the -phase present as stingers between two alpha laths as well as fine and coarse beta globules. The size of -Zr lamellae was found to be in the range from 0.17 to 0.2 m, 1.8 to 2.4 m and 1.7 to 2.8 m in the radial, circumferential and axial direction respectively (aspect ratio of 1:7:8). TEM-EDS analysis showed composition of the  phase tin the range of 15-50 wt%Nb. The irradiated pressure tube samples obtained from 13 locations were showing average alpha grain width, grain length and aspect ratio in the range of 0.17-0.27 micron, 1.7-2.3 micron and 7.1-8.5 respectively. Extensive modification in beta morphology could be seen at the high flux and high temperature regions. The  phase was observed to have globulised completely in many regions. They were present at the interface of -Zr laths as well as within the lath. The Nb concentration of the  phase appeared to have increased as the volume fraction had reduced. The microstructure details of irradiated and un-irradiated pressure tubes obtained in this study is expected to help in modeling the dimensional change occurring during irradiation in reactor.
Correlation of Reinforced Ceramicparticle’s Nature and Size with Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Al-Si Alloy Composite
Authors: Sharma Vipin , Kumar P.Suresh , Pandey O.P.
Published: November 2012

The present study aims to analyze the effect of particle size on nature of microstructural features and wear behavior of composite. Stir casting route has been adopted for the fabrication of aluminium matrix composite using Al-Si LM13 piston alloy. Composites have been developed by varyig the size of zircon sand particles while keeping the SiC particles of same size. Microstructural analysis shows that SiC has a pronounced effect on the microstructure and eutectic silicon refinement. Microstructure evolution is mainly governed by the thermal conductivity difference between two phase’s i.e. ceramic particle and alloy matrix. The dendritic ripening is also observed in the composites in microstructural study. EDS analysis reveals the formation of mechanically mixed layer in the composites enabling better wear properties. Fine size zircon sand particle reinforced composite exhibits better wear resistance than coarse particle at same weight percentage of reinforcement. The SiC reinforcement is better as compared to zircon sand particles for enhancing wear resistance of the composite. Silicon carbide refines the eutectic silicon whereas zircon sand provides good interfacial bonding. SEM examination of worn surface and wear debris shows that the various wear mechanism are involved in material removal.
Tribological Characteristics of Aluminium Tri-Reinforced Particles (Al-TRP) Composites Developed by Liquid Metallurgy Route
Authors: Kumar P.Suresh , Panwar Ranvir Singh , Pandey Omprakash P.
Published: November 2012

Discontinuous reinforced aluminum matrix composites (DAMCs) are widely used in automobiles, military and many other engineering areas due to their attractive properties. DAMCs are used in automobile industries for manufacturing bogies, cars and other structural components. Apart from this it is also used in components which are subjected to high temperatures. In the present work we have studied the tribological characteristics of DAMCs containing zircon sand, SiC and Zirfloor as reinforced ceramic particles in Al alloy. These three types of ceramic particles (particle size 0-32 µm) are reinforced in the Al-12Si alloy (LM13) by liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique). Total 15 wt% of the tri reinforced particles (TRP) are added in LM13 alloy to fabricate Al–TRP composite for tribological application. Wear characteristics of Al–TRP composites have been investigated under dry sliding conditions. Dry sliding wear tests have been carried out using a pin-on-disc method at 1Kg and 5Kg loads. Sliding distance during the wear test was about 3000 meters with a constant sliding velocity of 1.6 ms-1. In the study it was observed that wear rate of the composite increases with increase in amount of load. Microhardness measurement was done for the developed Al-TRP composite. SEM images of wear track on composite gives better idea of the wear mechanism. Wear debris collected after the wear test was also examined for deeper understanding of wear behavior. Study reveals that about equal amount of ZrSiO4, SiC and Zirfloor reinforced particle in Al-TRP composite exhibits better wear resistance compared to aluminum base alloy.
FTIR and TGA Analysis in Relation with the % Crystallinity of the SiO2 Obtained by Burning Rice Husk at Various Temperatures
Authors: Deshmukh Pallavi , Peshwe Dilip , Pathak Shailkumar
Published: November 2012

Rice husk ash (RHA), a waste product of the rice industry, is rich in SiO2. The large amount of SiO2 freely obtained from it provides an abundant and cheap alternative to metallurgical grade SiO2 for many industrial applications. The detailed analysis of the physical dimensions such as length, width and thickness of four varieties (HMT, Sonam, 1001 and JSR) was done. The FTIR analysis of the ash obtained by burning rice husk at different temperatures proves the formation of nano SiO2. The study of the isothermal thermal degradation of the RHA was done by TGA analysis .During TGA analysis it was observed that, mass trace suddenly goes backwards along the abscissa and then continues forward normally. This characteristic behavior of the TGA plot was attributed to the formation of nano SiO2 during incineration of the RHA. The minimum value of the percentage crystallinity of the SiO2 at 500°C proved the formation of amorphous SiO2.
Investigation of the Dynamic Response of Functionally Graded Materials Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Rong Gui Ming , Kisu Hiroyuki
Published: November 2012

In the present study, the problem of functionally graded materials (FGMs) under a stress pulse is analyzed based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) using the formulation for large deformation. First, the formulation of SPH for this problem is described, and a benchmark calculation is performed and compared to one-dimensional analytical solutions. The behavior of FGMs subjected to a stress pulse is then investigated for several cases, including various distributions of inhomogeneous materials and two-dimensional problems with different boundary conditions. It is found that in the two-dimensional case, if there is a free boundary not parallel to the direction of the external force, the influence from this boundary cannot be ignored.
Effect of Fe2O3 on the Physical Property of Geopolymer Paste
Authors: Choi Su Cheol , Lee Woo Keun
Published: November 2012

Fe2O3 content affects the physical property of geopolymer paste made from waste materials. The effect of Fe2O3 was evaluated in this research. Geopolymer paste was made from the mixtures of mine tailing, melting slag, and alkali activator. Fe2O3 was added to discuss its effect with increasing the content. Compressive strength was 73.6 MPa without adding Fe2O3. But it was lowered to 32.5 MPa at the addition of 5wt. According to the analyzing results of XRD, SEM and EDS, Fe2O3 inhibited the geopolymer formation. Therefore, it is necessary to control the content of Fe2O3 to enhance the physical characteristics of geopolymer paste through the process of preparation.
Low-Pressure Nitriding According to the FineLPN Technology in Multi-Purpose Vacuum Furnaces
Authors: Kula Piotr , Robert Pietrasik , Emilia Wołowiec , Januszewicz Bartłomiej , Adam Rzepkowski
Published: November 2012

Developing steady state models to conduct and control repeatable processes of low-pressure nitriding is not possible in practice as the nitrogen content in a nitrided layer depends not only on the nitriding parameters, but also on the content of alloying elements in steel and the nucleation stage which is difficult to control. Therefore, a new concept of conducting such processes has been proposed. It has been shown that application of an appropriate method of activation of steel parts surface makes the nucleation stage uniform and reduces its duration. A system based on artificial intelligence methods has also been proposed, which enables modelling and control of non-equilibrium processes of low-pressure nitriding of tool steels. This model is based on the “boost-diffusion” schedule of the process.
The Effect of Parameters of Laser Processing on the Morphology of Glaze Cladding
Authors: Fan Ji Wei , Jiao Zhi Qiang , Li Xiao Peng , Zhao Hui Jun , Zhang Zhen Guo , Zhang Zhao Jun , Zhang Rui Jie , Liu Ying , Zhang Xiao Li
Published: November 2012

Laser processing ceramic materials is a new application of laser technique. This paper presents the study of laser processing parameters of glaze cladding. It found out that the parameters of laser processing affected the morphology of glaze cladding significantly. Within the experimental conditions, rise of output power or drop of processing speed can increase the depth of melted zone and the width of glaze cladding, vice versa.
Effect of Intensive Plastic Deformation Near Frictional Interfaces on Ductile Fracture
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Vilotic Dragisa , Lyamina Elena , Jeng Yeau Ren
Published: November 2012

A layer of intensive plastic deformation often appears in the vicinity of frictional interfaces in metal forming processes. The paper presents a study to reveal a possible effect of intensive plastic deformation in such a layer on ductile fracture. To this end, an upsetting test of special design is used to move the site of ductile fracture initiation to the friction surface independently of the effect of intensive plastic deformation on the occurrence of ductile fracture. Experimental results obtained are compared to the theoretical prediction based on a conventional empirical ductile fracture criterion. It is shown that there is some deviation of the fracture conditions predicted theoretically from the experimental results.
ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization
Authors: Zhang Jian Qi , Bao Fu Min , Dang Hong Tao
Published: November 2012

By analyzing the communication principles of ControlNet and combining with the specific production process flow, the ControlNet control system has been designed. Meanwhile, the ControlNet network optimization scheme is proposed and has been applied in the actual production according to the existing ControlNet design problems. The application result shows that the network division and network key parameters setting are very effective optimization methods, which successfully solved the emerging ControlNet fault in the production process and met the control requirements. At the same time, they are worth to be consulted for ControlNet design and optimization.
Research of In-Use Vehicle Emission Management Based on On-Board Diagnostic System
Authors: Li Su Hua , Zhao Ben
Published: November 2012

By analyzing the communication principles of ControlNet and combining with the specific production process flow, the ControlNet control system has been designed. Meanwhile, the ControlNet network optimization scheme is proposed and has been applied in the actual production according to the existing ControlNet design problems. The application result shows that the network division and network key parameters setting are very effective optimization methods, which successfully solved the emerging ControlNet fault in the production process and met the control requirements. At the same time, they are worth to be consulted for ControlNet design and optimization.
Research on Application of PcModtran in Design of Satelliteborne Optical Remote Sensor
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jie , Jiang Tong Min , Li Xiao Man
Published: November 2012

Aiming at importance of atmospheric transport model in the collectivity design of ground target observation remote sensor, based on analysis of PcModtran application feasibility, amend geometrical model of remote sensor design is presented, then discussed the calculation of PcModtran for energy transmittivity of all kinds of pollutants atmospheric in detect path, all kinds of radiance in entrance pupil radiance of remote sensor by emulation instance, probed into the method that applying PcModtran filtering function analyze photoelectrons number of radiance on the focal face of detector, foundation that verify collectivity design index of satelliteborne optical remote sensor is presented. Successful application in some type secondary satellite, it verified the method is of guidance function on the collectivity design.
Application of Induction Heating to Boriding
Authors: Iwabuchi Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Isao
Published: November 2012

Newly developed boriding process, which was performed by heating the metal using high-frequency induction furnace then melt the salt consisted of borax, carborundum and silicon carbide, was applied to several kinds of steels in order to find its feature. The study was carried out on the effect of chemical composition in steels and salts on the properties of the boride layer. Thick layer was obtained by using the salt containing carborundum. Increasing chromium content of the steels inhibited boriding and consequently needle-like boride layer changed into smooth one. Induction heating process offer thicker boride layer than the conventional immersion method.
Enzymatic Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Using Rice Bran
Authors: Lü Ying Guo , Zhang Hui , Yao Hui Yuan
Published: November 2012

An enzymatic method for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production was invested. With this method, rice bran was used as glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) source and exogenous monosodium glutamate(MSG) was used as substrate. We stimulated the rice bran GAD via regulating the temperature, pH, reaction time, buffer and adding PLP, Ca2+ and substrate. In the existence of PLP and Ca2+, the GABA content of rice bran had been improved by about 45 fold. The GABA production reached 2.3g/100g bran, and the Glu conversion reached 100%. As rice bran is a by-product in rice processing and a large quantity of rice bran is commercially available, our study illuminated a safe and efficient way to produce GABA and GABA enriched food.
Thermodynamics of Advanced Alloys Modification by Exogenous Nanophases
Authors: Minaev Y.A.
Published: November 2012

The thermodynamic analysis of a ceramic compound solubility was carried out for ceramic compounds which may be used for dispersion hardening of advanced nickel alloys. The thermodynamic description of stability conditions was completed for a disperse heterophase systems consists of metal melt – nanosize phases (NSP). For a thermodynamic criterion (К) of stability was selected the specific variation of a free energy of the process of a disperse system degradation (referred to change of unit of a surface phases contact). The analysis was executed in view of formation of thick and thin elastic wetting films and takes in account a disjoining pressure. The above definition of new thermodynamically rigorous criterions becomes physically real, if the isotherm of a disjoining pressure is measured. The derived criterions are simplified in the Young approximation. In this case the criterion are expressed through measurable interfacial performances - interfacial tension and wetting angles. The application of a stability condition gives a simple outcome: aggregation of NSP does not happen at a wetting angles ≤ 600. On a basis of own experimental data the evaluations are carried out for possibility of using of some compounds as exogenous modifiers of a nickel alloys. The example of dispersion hardening of high-temperature strength nickel alloy and improving its heat resisting properties is reduced.
Effects of Interface Condition on Performance of Road Pavements with Non-Linear Granular Materials
Authors: Tiliouine B. , Sandjak K. , Ali Haimoud C. Y. , Hammoutène M.
Published: November 2012

The main results of a numerical investigation into the effects of interface condition on the critical response and predicted performance of flexible pavements with granular bases are presented. In addition, the influence of using linear elastic and non-linear elastic models for granular base characterization, on the design life of typical road structures with granular bases under various combinations of layer interface conditions is examined. Repeated load triaxial tests are carried out and non-linear regression analyses on tests results are performed to determine the constitutive model parameters. The Asphalt Institute distress models for fatigue cracking and rutting using both linear and non-linear analyses are utilized to estimate the pavement design life. It is shown, among others, that interface condition affects significantly the critical response of pavement structures and hence their predicted performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that the use of linear assumption to characterize granular base and sub-base behaviour, grossly over-estimates the design life of pavement structures. This effect strongly depends on interface conditions used between the pavements layers.
Effects of Fibre on Drying Shrinkage, Compressive and Flexural Strength of Lightweight Foamed Concrete
Authors: Awang Hanizam , Mydin Md Azree Othuman , Roslan Ahmad Farhan
Published: November 2012

The present study covers the use of fibre in lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) to produce the lightweight concrete for use in construction of non-load bearing elements. LFC with 600, 1000 and 1400 kg/m3 density were cast and tested. Polypropylene fibres with different percentage were used into LFC and the resulting products were compared to normal LFC. Compressive strength, flexural strength and drying shrinkage tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties up to 180 days. The addition of fibres in LFC showed no contribution on compressive strength but improvement in the flexural and shrinkage test results.
Hydromechanical Properties of some Mortars Used in some Ecologic Construction Techniques
Authors: Hoxha Dashnor , Ungureanu Vladimir Nicolae , Belayachi Naima , Do Duc Phi , Thevard Jean Baptiste
Published: November 2012

This paper presents results of hydromechanical characterization tests performed on some mortars used in eco-construction practice. Typically, such mortars could be found in buildings constructed following so called GREB technique that uses straw bales as structural and insulating elements in addition to a wood frame. The full experimental program includes thermal, mechanical and hydraulic – hygroscopic tests. Mechanical tests, including uniaxial compression test and three point bending test and hydraulic tests including water and vapor water permeability, retention curve and unsaturated water permeability have been performed on three earth-cement mortars with sawdust additive. Tests were performed in age of 7, 14, 28 and 120 days. For retention curve and so called relative permeability a simple method has been used based on measurements of masse variations of samples on a controlled humidity environment and an inverse problem approach. Using of sawdust improves hydraulic properties of these mortars but the early age strength of these mortars has to be improved by cement additives.
The Effect of Blast Furnace Slag on Foam Concrete in Terms of Compressive Strength
Authors: Aljoumaily Zaid Shaker , Noordin Norizal , Awang Hanizam , Almulali Mohammed Zuhear
Published: November 2012

This study is a part of an on-going research studying the effect of blast furnace slag as a binder and filler replacement on the properties of fresh and hardened foam concrete. A mix having the density of 1300kg/m3 with a proportion of (1 cement:2 sand), W/C ratio of 0.45, a commercially available additive (SP-1), class F fly ash and a unprocessed blast furnace slag was used. The results show that the mix containing the slag achieved a higher compressive strength (6.31MPa at 28 days) than that of the control mix at the same age (5.81MPa). In addition, combining both slag and fly ash as a cement replacement further enhanced the compressive strength achieving higher compressive strengths. Also, a more stable mix was achieved by the slag replacement when compared to the control mix. This result concludes that the unprocessed slag is a good pozzolanic material that can be used with foam concrete.
Electron Micro Technology Study on BN Fiber’s Microcosmic Structure and Mechanics Properties
Authors: Li Qing Tian
Published: November 2012

This paper uses transmission electron microscope technology, studies microcosmic structure’ s feature of BN fiber, clarifies existing crystal structure’s state of BN fiber during its producing and transform course. It is studied that BN fiber has a sound mechanical properties, which most of crystalline phase is turbine layer phase and whose nitrogen is high and size is small .During the course of BN fiber’s producing, adding suitable tension from axial can promote directional arrange of BN fiber’s surface crystalline grain and put forward the improving direction of manufacturing technology in order to improve materials’ mechanical properties. BN fiber(indicated by BNf) is a kind of new inorganic material. Because of its fine stable, corrosion-resisting, anti-oxidant properties and high ability of absorbing neutron and so on, it is attached more and more importance and it get constant development and usefulness. BNf and ceramics, metal, various compound materials made of resin material can be used in metallurgy, electron, aviation etc science and technology fields. But the intensity of BNf and its elasticity modulus are lower than basic fundamental material. When BNf’s compound material get fine properties above mentioned, the mechanics properties of the material will drop. So its application degree will be limited to a certain extent. In order to improve and raise BNf’s mechanics properties, this essay makes use of electron micro analytical technology to study its microcosmic structure and mechanics properties, providing scientific basis for designing reasonable manufacturing technology.
Research of Experimental System for Pressure Reducing Valve Performance and Life Test
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Tao Tao , Zou Zhi Jun , Li Hao
Published: November 2012

This paper addressed the completed researching and developing procedure for the whole system with below parts： The pipe part of the whole system which according to the principle of the pressure reducing valve and the related standard; The electrical control system, adjusting control system, data collection system; We simulated customer’s operating on the valve based on PLC controlling the action of the Solenoid Valve which achieved the goal for life test .Meanwhile the paper introduced PPI protocol with which PLC computer communication each other. The experimental data of current capacity test, pressure characteristic test, flow coefficient (Cv) test and life test show the performance of the whole system is good.
Implementation of Key Technology of the Simulation and Training System for X-Type Missile Tail Test
Authors: Li Long Teng , Wu Gang , Li Xiao Yan , Zhang Man , Cai Xiao Yan , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2012

A new approach is introduced to establish the simulation and training system for X-type missile tail test based on the platform of C8051F020 SCM by adopting virtual closed-loop control technology. This paper expatiates on the event-driven engine technology applied in SCM system, which can help to improve the efficiency of programming, strengthen the reliability of the program and therefore reduce the cost of research and development. It has some value of direction and reference for research and development of similar simulation and training devices.
Research on Reciprocating Machinery Fault Diagnosis and Testing Method
Authors: Wang Li Yong , Gu Yu Hai , Wu Guo Xin
Published: November 2012

Based on characteristics and operating principle of reciprocating machinery, we presented fault diagnosis and data testing method of reciprocating machinery, which features the testing based on crank phase signal, cylinder pressure, temperature, vibration and ultrasonic signal, developed a embedded data acquisition system, and described system composition and module functions. We also realized a CAN bus-based data transmission and communication mode, introduced the slave computer software working flow of the testing system, and developed the data processing and fault analysis software with LABVIEW. The practical tests show that crank phase signal-based data testing can meet requirements on fault diagnosis and data acquisition of reciprocating machinery.
Design of Control Network in Video-Intercommunication System of Intelligent Communities
Authors: Miao Xiao Feng , Wei Ming Fei , Yang Fang
Published: November 2012

In order to construct a low-priced, reliable video-intercommunication system and meet the requirements of safety and information in an intelligent community, bus technology and one of its settling programs — CAN technology are investigated. After analyzing the defects of RS485 in master-slave mode, control network of equivalent mode in multiple computers communication is proposed. Dynamic time delay control is proved to be more efficient than constant time delay in equivalent mode and is more suitable in a video-intercommunication system. Based on present situation and development tendency of intelligent building systems, CAN+RS485 bottom network is designed and improved to achieve the control network of a video-intercommunication system.
Synchronization System Design of Ground Electromagnetic Probe Based on FPGA and GPS
Authors: Li Yan Hong , Liu Guo Qiang , Li Shi Qiang
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a synchronization system of ground electromagnetic probe based on FPGA and GPS. In order to realize precise synchronization between transmitter and receiver, the paper uses the GPS module, the application of GPS-synchronized is a relatively good synchronization mode because of its independent of distance and topography. This paper makes the coordinated universal time of GPS and seconds pulse 1pps as the time reference, analyses synchronization principle and characteristics based on FPGA and GPS, designs time synchronization circuit, realizes the output of the synchronous enable signal. Finally it can realize the precise synchronization between a transmitter and several receivers.
Static Load Test and Modal Analysis of Qingshui River Bridge
Authors: Yang Jian Rong , Zheng Zuo Xiong , Su He Xian , Lai Zheng Cong
Published: November 2012

A load test on a multi-girder concrete bridge of 30m Span having a non-composite deck slab is described. The bridge was designed to have eight simple supported spans, each consisting of a cross section with six RC T beam. Through analyzing the static and dynamic character of bridge structures, calculating efficiency ratio of load test, picking up the results of observation points, it was determined that the girders were acting non-compositely with the concrete deck and that significant restraint was being developed at the bearing supports. Modal analysis and identification ascertain the characteristic properties of bridges from their response. The damage in bridges may be reflected in the changes of their natural frequencies or modes of natural vibration.
Experiment Research on Effect of Airflow in Web Cleaner on Carding Force
Authors: Zhao Ye Ping , Xiao Feng , Han Xian Guo , Sun Peng Zi
Published: November 2012

The effect of airflow in web cleaner fitted to back plate of cylinder on carding force between cylinder and its flat is researched experimentally in carding machine. The carding force is measured by a specially designed dynamometer. Experiment results show the airflow has the influence on the carding force between cylinder and its first to seventeenth flat in the side of taker-in, of which carding force of first five flats has being more influenced by the airflow. As the airflow rate increases, maximum and average carding force of first five flats increase gradually. The airflow is helpful to fibre ascending along needle on the clothing of cylinder and makes the carding force larger. This is a fundamental reason that the airflow increasing makes carding force bigger.
Elastic-Plastic Static Analysis of BRBF Steel Frame Structure
Authors: Xie Ying , Bao En He
Published: November 2012

For the purpose of investigating the relationship between storey displacements and shear stress as well as the distribution of plastic hinges, the paper treated BRBF as the research object, and on the basis of different horizontal force sharing rate β of buckling restrained brace and the frame strength CB, six models were established, of which elastic-plastic static analysis were conducted with the secondary nonlinear effect. He study showed that storey deformations of the models with horizontal force sharing rates of the buckling restrained braces of 30%-60% mainly occur in the middle and low parts of the frame, for those with horizontal force sharing rates of 90%, the deformations mainly occur in the low parts of the frame, and the storey-concentrated deformation and the distribution of plastic hinge are not affected by the frame strength.
The Earthquake’s Relative Location Algorithms Effected by Data Recorded at Nearby Station
Authors: Wu Ba Teer , Gao Er Gen
Published: November 2012

Based on the primary theory of location, it is found that the data recorded at nearby stations are applicable in double difference relocation algorithm, but not in other relative location algorithms. Equation derivation and simulated calculation demonstrate that double difference algorithm allows to get the absolute locations of earthquakes with certain accuracy by using the nearby stations records. The errors of relative location become larger when using the nearby station records alone than that using the distant station records. Combining the nearby and distant station records, the best locations are obtained. In the case that hypocenter depth is far less than the epicenter distance without depth phases available, only the relative epicenter distribution could be obtained accurately by double difference method, the depth determined would be not stable. The relocation test of a part of aftershocks in Jiashi earthquake sequence verify the effect of nearby station records on the double difference algorithm mentioned above.
Research on the Relationship among Technological Progress, Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Liu Ping Ping , Jiang Chun Sheng
Published: November 2012

On the basis of research in foreign countries on the relationship among technological progress, rebound effect and energy efficiency, the paper mainly from the following two aspects to study relationship among technological progress, rebound effect and energy efficiency in China. First of all, it studies mechanism of rebound effect on the basis of technological progress. It is mainly from the direct rebound effect, indirect rebound effect and economy-wide rebound effect of energy efficiency for the analysis of the mechanism of action. Secondly, it studies both theoretical research and empirical analysis on rebound effect based on technological progress relationship with energy efficiency. Based on the actual situation in China, it researches "Jevons paradox" led to the relationship between rebound effect and energy efficiency both theory analysis and empirical test. Through the above study, we expect to offer useful references for China’s research on the relationship among technological progress, rebound effect and energy efficiency.
A Customer-Focused Electricity Bill Pay Points Siting Model
Authors: Li Ke , Zhou Ning , Wang Lei , He Qian , Zou Hui Quan , Huang Wei
Published: November 2012

In order to solve the electricity bill pay points siting problem for electric power corporation, this paper proposes a hybrid model to optimize the siting of pay points and improve customers’ satisfaction. Different from traditional methods, customer density, queueing time and satisfaction degree, transportation and other factors are all taken into consideration in this model. Finally, a “10-minute electricity bill pay network” is constructed in Zhengdong new district with the application of the model proposed by this paper.
Research on Energy Efficiency of Embedded Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Ahmad Ehsan , Dong Yun Wei , Gu Bin
Published: November 2012

The main object of this study is to systematically review existing research on energy efficiency of embedded systems in order to identify investigated aspects and needs for future research. We have conducted a systematic mapping study of the state-of-the-art on energy efficiency of embedded systems. 186 papers have been identified as primary studies from year 1994 to 2011 and classified by research focus, research type, and contribution type. 71% of the research papers are solutions proposals; power estimation is the most investigated aspect in terms of research focus (34%) and majority of the studies contributed in terms of methods.
Study on the Blanket Effective Area Model of Active Jammer Fixed in the Missile Aimed to Shipborne Radar
Authors: Men Jin Zhu , E Qun , Wang Hong Jun
Published: November 2012

According to the characteristics of anti-ship missile penetration with active jammer fixed in the missile, maths models, which reflect the blanket effective area of active jammer fixed in the missile to shipborne radars, are built based on logical model index. Furthermore, the rationality of the method are proved by calculating and analyzing under the condition of reasonable assumed tactics and parameters. The study provides theoretic reference value to evaluate the operational efficiency of active jammer fixed in the missile and improve the anti-ship missile penetration capability.
A Novel Method for Jaccobian Matrix of 6PUS Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Tan Xing Qiang , Xie Zhi Jiang , Li Guo Yun
Published: November 2012

A new kind of parallel mechanism used for faster response and higher maneuverability test of wind tunnel is introduced. Based on static equilibrium analysis and screw theory, the static equilibrium equation of motion platform is established, and then kinematic Jaccobian matrix is achieved by use of force Jaccobian matrix. By means of kinematic Jaccobian matrix the singularity of 6_PUS parallel mechanism is analyzed and three kinds of singularity and their conditions are identified.
The Modal Characteristics Study of a High-Speed Rotating Hollow Cylinder with the Influence of Spin-Softening, Coriolis and Prestress Effects
Authors: Xu Yu , Huang Mei , Ma Juan
Published: November 2012

In this paper, in order to get the modal characteristics of the hollow cylinder more accurately and extensively, the influence of spin-softening ,coriolis and prestress effects on the critical speed of a hollow cylinder, is investigated using a finite element modal. The QR damped algorithm of ANSYS has been applied to extract the modal frequency bands.
Blade Damage Forecast Research Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Ma Zhi Wei , Xu Yu Xiu , Xing Shi Rong
Published: November 2012

By doing modal analysis of the whole wind turbine system, we can get the first twenty orders natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, By analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the blade, the weakness points of blade were fund. Under rotor rotating excitation in the normal state, mass eccentricity states and stiffness damage states of blade, the strain energy change rates (SECR) of nacelle are obtained. While based on the SECR of nacelle, the methods of strain energy change rate and support vector machine are introduced to indentify locate the mass eccentricity and stiffness damages of blade. The research show that mass eccentricity and stiffness damages at different location and in different degree can be efficiency identified and forecasted by means of support vector machine classification method.
Study on a New Setting Method of Distance Relay with Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Adapt in the Grid
Authors: Mei Jun , Liu Bin , Zheng Jian Yong , Yao Lei
Published: November 2012

Considerable attention is given towards developing Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) due to increasing short circuit levels in transmission lines, which itself imposes further changes on the measured impendence at the relaying point and causes significant impact on the lines’ relay protection, especially on the distance protection as the single-phase grounding fault occurs. In this paper, resistive superconducting fault current limiter connected to the grid is studied as the model to analysis how SFCL affects the grounded short-circuit impedance relay’s setting, then an new setting method of distance protection for the SFCL-equipped line is proposed. Finally, a power system model is built to analysis the theory by PSCAD / EMTDC simulation software. The results show that in the condition of using the impedance relays’ new setting method, impedance measurement error is greatly reduced, SFCL and line distance protection can work in coordination with each other properly.
Rotor Cooling System Design and Fluid Field Analysis of MW-Level High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: Zhang Feng Ge , Du Guang Hui , Wang Tian Yu , Huang Na
Published: November 2012

Due to ventilation structure of high power high-speed permanent magnet motor is complex and rotor cooling is difficult, the rotor cooling system was designed for a 1020kw 19000r/min high-speed permanent magnet motor and fluid field calculation model was established through the fluid flow CFD simulation software, and then the solving regional and boundary conditions of the 3D fluid field was determined. The numerical calculation and analysis was carried out and 3D fluid field distribution was get within the ventilation system. On the basis of the results of the flow field calculation, the coefficient of wall heat can be got more accurately, which provides a basis for the optimization and count of the MW-level high-speed motor temperature field.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chinese Raw Coal
Authors: Feng Jian Guo , Li Gui Hua , Zhang Jin Tang , Yu Wei Yan
Published: November 2012

With the rapid economic and social development of China, the attention to environment issue is higher and higher. Current, toxic and hazardous substances polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been detected in the air, water, sediments of the river (or lake) and soil. Part of these PAHs come from (1) volatile of PAHs in solids phase or liquids phase in raw coal ,(2) raw coal incomplete combustion (3) PAHs hydrolyze in a reducing atmosphere. As the basis of PAHs discharging in the process of coal using, it is necessary to summary extraction, purification, analysis of the PAHs in raw coal, conclude species and content of PAHs in raw coal, analysis the impact factors of PAHs distribution, discovered the deficiencies in current research and the future research direction.