bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourism tax model for development of regions
Authors:   Turiba University, Pole Laura , Grizane Tamara ,   Turiba University
Published: February 2022

Tourism enables export, creates work places and additional income for regional development. In 2020, due to Covid-19 virus the global tourism industry shrank by 72% increasing unemployment, bankrupting small companies, which was most evident in regions. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has mentioned the need for establishing the competitive advantage of Latvia in surrounding regions as one of the challenges of the Tourism Policy of Latvia. In order to succeed, there is a need for additional funding, which can be acquired through tourism tax which is a well worldwide known method, also in Latvia, with more than 100 years of history. Globally, there are different models of tourism tax. However, there is no clear indication towards the applicability of a single tourism tax model for development of regions which would be applicable to the case of Latvia. This research reveals that despite the identified problems, introduction of tourism tax is a well based decision which is rationalised through positive impact on the number of tourists. The deployed AHP method defined the model Fixed rate model for enterprise as the most appropriate option for the given situation.
Changes of forest land cover in Lithuania during the period 1950-2017: a comparative analysis
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Tiškutė-Memgaudienė Daiva
Published: February 2022

Due to human activities Lithuanian historical land use and land cover (LULC) changed. Forest land cover was also changing. 200 years ago, forests occupied almost 40% of the entire Lithuania territory, in 1914 – only 20%, and in 1939 – only 17%. The historical changes in forest land cover were mainly related to deforestation. Today, the forest cover is increasing in Lithuania, but changes within different municipalities boundaries differ. The aim of this study was to compare geodata of forest land cover, within different municipalities of Lithuania boundaries, in the 1950s and 2017 for a better understanding of spatial patterns of occurred forest land cover changes. To evaluate forest land cover changes in Lithuania, two geodatabases, representing the forest cover in the 1950s and 2017, were used. Methods of descriptive statistical analysis, spatial autocorrelation, cluster and outlier analysis using ArcGIS and MS EXCEL software were used to process, evaluate and represent the data of this study. The results of this study revealed that forest land cover increased by 7.1% during the investigated period resulting in the forest land area proportion of 33.6% in 2017. Despite positive changes of Lithuania forest land cover, two municipalities met afforestation. Forest land covers most intensively, i. e. 17.1–31.1%, increased in the south-eastern part of Lithuania and west-central part of Lithuania. The most passive afforestation was detected in northern, central, and south-western parts of Lithuania, where forest land cover increased only from 1.2% to 4.9%.
Judge exam in the kingdom of Serbia
Authors: Cvorovic Zoran
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with the history of the judge exam in the Kingdom of Serbia.
So far, this issue has not been the subject of legal-historical research,
although the institution of a special judge exam has a tradition of more
than a century in Serbian law. The subject of the paper is processed mainly
on the basis of original unpublished and published archival material, as
well as relevant domestic literature. Researching the history of the judge
exam is important for researching the broader problem of judicial
independence in the Kingdom of Serbia, since judicial competence is an
important guarantee of judicial independence. The research of the history of
the judge exam in Serbia is important at this moment given the fact that the
official strategic documents of the Government of the Republic of Serbia
announced the reform of the existing concept of the Bar Exam. Without
knowing the beginnings of the application of the judge exam institution in
Serbian law, it is difficult to implement a valid reform of the institution
of the Bar Exam today. The institution of the judge exam was prescribed for
the first time in the Kingdom of Serbia by the Law on Judges from 1891, but
no sooner than 1911 did it come to life with the adoption of the Law on
Judges and the Rules for Taking the Judge Exam. Only persons who worked in
the civil service for a certain number of years had the right to take the
judge exam, while lawyers who worked in the court were privileged in
relation to lawyers from other professions. A number of measures were
envisaged to ensure impartiality and publicity. The judge exam was
three-part, consisting of a written essay (theme), solving a hypothetical
case (clausura) and an oral exam. The legal-theoretical knowledge of the
candidates about a specific institute, as well as the knowledge of national
and comparative positive law were checked with the written essay. Clausura
and the oral exam served to test the practical knowledge of the application
of national material and procedural legislation.
The impact of the tax system reform on business in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Tosovic-Stevanovic Aleksandra , Jelisavac-Trosic Sanja , Pesic Gordana
Published: February 2022

The subject of the paper is the reform of the tax system and its impact on
the business of taxpayers. The authors conducted an analysis to determine
whether tax policy reform measures boost employment, stimulate the
population to start their own businesses, and reduce the informal economy by
reducing the amount and number of state and local levies. The research was
done in the Republic of Serbia by the survey method. Statistical testing of
the collected data was done with a software program developed for the
purposes of this research in the SPSS software package. The data were
processed by the statistical method of analysis of variance ANOVA and the
Levene?s test on the homogeneity of variance was performed. In order to draw
reliable conclusions, the research also includes official data on changes in
value added tax and income tax, as well as changes in Pension and Disability
Insurance Contributions, for the taxpayers of the Republic of Serbia, in the
total amount and by its components. The hypothesis ?Reform measures of tax
policy stimulate the population to start their own business and legal
business, which leads to a decrease in unemployment and an increase in the
budget? has been confirmed on the basis of this research. It can be
concluded that tax policy reform measures stimulate the population to start
a private business and legal business, which leads to a decrease in
unemployment and to an increase in the budget. The existence of a fairly
large volume of tax evasion produce consequences that can be serious for the
economy of the Republic Serbia. Reform measures have significantly reduced
tax evasion as well as contributed to the reduction of undeclared work and
the increase of funds in the budget. Survey respondents confirmed that the
stimulative tax policy strengthens private sector, and thereby reduce the
gray economy and increase the funds in the budget. The full effect of the
reform measures is expected after the complete transition of taxpayersto
e-business, which would provide a complete insight into the state and
opportunities of the public sector. We can conclude that incentives from the
state in the form of tax exemptions and contributions for newly employed
workers have given significant results in terms of starting enterprise and
hiring new workers. Activities to detect and combat tax evasion and reform
the tax system can only be effective if they are planned and based on
scientific researches and advances.
Alteration of Individual Metabolic Network of Brain Based on Jensen-Shannon Divergence Similarity Estimation in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Yu-Lin , Wu Jia-Jia , Ma Jie , Li Si-Si , Xue Xin , Wei Dong , Shan Chun-Lei , Hua Xu-Yun , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Xu Jian-Guang
Published: February 2022

The present
study aimed to investigate the interactive effect between aging and type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on brain glucose metabolism, individual metabolic
connectivity and network properties. A 2 × 2 factorial-designed study was
conducted, 83 T2DM patients (40 elderly and 43 middle-aged) and 69
gender-matched HCs (34 elderly and 35 middle-aged) underwent an 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron
emission tomography/magnetic resonance (18F-FDG PET/MR) scanning. The
Jensen-Shannon Divergence was applied to construct individual metabolic
connectivity and network. The topological properties of network were quantified
with graph theoretical analysis. The general linear model (GLM) was used to mainly
estimate the interaction effect between aging and T2DM on glucose metabolism,
metabolic connectivity and network. There was an interaction effect between
aging and T2DM on glucose metabolism, metabolic connectivity and regional
metabolic network properties (all P < 0.05). The post-hoc analyses
showed that compared with the elderly HCs and middle-aged with T2DM groups, elderly
T2DM group had decreased glucose metabolism, increased metabolic connectivity
and regional metabolic network properties in cognition-related brain regions
(all P < 0.05). The age and fasting plasma glucose had negative
correlations with glucose metabolism, and positive correlations with metabolic
connectivity. The elderly with T2DM had glucose hypometabolism,
strengthened functional integration and increased efficiency of information
communication mainly located in cognition-related
brain regions, above metabolic connectivity patterns changes might be
compensatory changes for glucose hypometabolism.
Evaluation of radiation shielding potentials of Ni-based alloys, Inconel-617 and Incoloy-800HT, candidates for high temperature applications especially for nuclear reactors, by EpiXS and Phy-X/PSD codes
Authors: AYGUN Zeynep , AYGÜN Murat
Published: February 2022

In this paper, our purpose is to calculate photon-matter interaction parameters of Ni-based alloys, Inconel-617 and Incoloy-800HT, which are the main candidates for high-temperature applications such as spacecraft, gas turbines, nuclear reactors and rocket motors. The radiation attenuation parameters and buildup factors were obtained in a wide energy range by using Phy-X/PSD and EpiXS softwares to determine the radiation protection capabilities of the alloys. Fast neutron removal cross sections of the alloys were also calculated. It was observed that Inconel-617 has higher shielding ability than Incoloy-800HT. The shielding potentials of the alloys were compared with those of other shielding materials (ordinary concrete, hematite-serpenite, ilmenite-limonite, steel-scrap, basalt-magnetite, steel-magnetite and ilmenite concretes) reported before, and it was concluded that Inconel-617 and Incoloy-800HT have more shielding ability than those.
Isı Alıcılarda Elektrosprey ile Mekanik Sprey Atomizasyon Soğutma Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KABAKUŞ Abdüssamed , YAKUT Kenan , ÖZAKIN Ahmet Numan
Published: February 2022

Endüstride birçok alanda kullanılmakta olan elektrosprey soğutma alanında son yıllarda keşfedilmeye başlanan bir konudur. Bu çalışmada literatürde hakkında oldukça kısıtlı çalışmalar bulunan elektrosprey soğutma ile mekanik sprey soğutmanın ısı alıcı üzerindeki soğutma performansı irdelenmiştir. Aynı şartlarda elektrosprey ile gerçekleşen ısı transferinin verileri deneyler yapılarak elde edilirken, mekanik sprey soğutma verileri Ansys Fluent CFD programı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan deneysel ve sayısal çalışmanın sonucunda daha küçük partikül çapı ve yüklü damlacıkların elde edildiği elektrosprey soğutmada mekanik sprey soğutmaya göre yaklaşık %15 daha iyi bir ısı transfer performansı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elektrosprey metodunda, mekanik spreye göre 3,2 kW/m2 ısı akısında %13, 2,59 kW/m2 ısı akısında %14, 1,88 kW/m2 ısı akısında ise %17 daha iyi soğutma elde edildiği görülmüştür.
Tekdüzen Kaynak Bulucu Yoluyla Kimlik Avı Tespiti için Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmalarının Özellik Tabanlı Performans Karşılaştırması
Authors: Savaş Taki , Savaş Serkan
Published: February 2022

Günümüzde kimlik avı (oltalama/phishing) saldırılarına çok sık rastlanmaktadır. Bu tür saldırılar insanların kişisel bilgilerini ele geçirmek ya da insanları dolandırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Kimlik avı saldırılarının birden fazla türü bulunmaktadır. Bu türlerden birisi de tekdüzen kaynak bulucu (uniform resource locater – URL) yoluyla gerçekleştirilen ve yaygın olarak rastlanılan saldırılardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, URL adreslerinin farklı makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanarak zararlı olup olmadığını sınıflandırmaktır. Çalışmada destek vektör makineleri, rastgele orman, Gauss Naive Bayes, lojistik regresyon, k-en yakın komşu, karar ağaçları, çok katmanlı algılayıcılar ve XGBoost algoritmaları olmak üzere sekiz farklı makine öğrenmesi algoritması kullanılmıştır. Eğitim ve test amaçlı kullanılmak üzere USOM, Alexa ve Phishtank üzerinden veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu verilere çeşitli veri ön-işleme adımları uygulanarak özellik çıkarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda birden fazla modelde %99.8 doğruluk oranına ulaşılarak, makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının bu alandaki başarımı kanıtlanmıştır.
Trotzdem: Was uns zusammenhält
Authors: Mirow Thomas
Published: February 2022

Die überparteiliche, unabhängige und gemeinnützige Deutsche Nationalstiftung wurde 1993 von Bundeskanzler a.D. Helmut Schmidt und einigen seiner Freunde wie Michael Otto, Kurt Körber, Gerd Bucerius und Reimar Lüst in Weimar gegründet. Jährlich bittet die Deutsche Nationalstiftung herausragende Wissenschaftler und Experten, die großen Entwicklungslinien unseres Landes zu vermessen. Zu Wort kommen Historiker, Sozialwissenschaftler bis hin zu Digitalpraktikern und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlern. In diesem Jahrbuch zur Lage der Nation bilden die Beiträge ein breites Panoptikum größter Expertise zu den wichtigsten politischen, gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen, vor denen unser Land steht. Mit Beiträgen von Marina Weisband, Susanne Schröter, Sylvie Goulard, Kerstin Faber, Michael Hüther, Heinrich A. Winkler, Reiner Klingholz und Richard Schröder.
The Effects of Migration and Remittances on Labour Market Performance: Evidence from MENA Region
Authors:   , Al-Assaf Mohammed I.
Published: February 2022

This thesis uses individual level data (micro-data) to examine the impact of remit-tances and migration on the labour market in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). The ﬁrst empirical contribution, we investigate the impact of re-mittances on child labour in Egypt before and after the Arab Spring. The main results show that the Arab Spring is statistically signiﬁcant with a negative sign on child labour which is interestingly contrary to our prior expectations and females are less likely to work and less likely to attend school. In the second empirical con-tribution, we investigate the impacts of the Syrian refugee crisis on the Jordanian labour market. The main results ﬁnd that native workers are less likely to work in the informal sector, which could be that Jordanian workers are replaced by Syrian refugees in the receiving cities. Moreover, the results suggest that the monthly wage has dropped in the receiving cities as a response to the shock after Syrian War. In third empirical contribution, we examine the impacts of the Syrian refugee crisis on attitude towards immigrants in the MENA region. The main ﬁnding are older peo-ple are less likely to be intolerant towards immigrant and female is more likely to be intolerant. Surprisingly, contrary to our expectations, the respondents who believe that the religion is important in their life are more likely to be intolerant. Moreover, Jordan is more likely to be intolerant, the intolerant increases when controlling for regional variable (refugees) which is the percentage of Syrian refugees in each city. Furthermore, Iraq is more likely to be intolerant when controlling for the percentage of Syrian refugees in each city. Finally, the results show about the regional level variables that when the inequality exists the attitude become intolerant. Moreover, when the percentage of Syrian refugees is higher in the cities, the attitude towards immigrants become intolerant.
ADSORPSI METHYLENE BLUE (MB) MENGGUNAKAN ABU LAYANG BATUBARA TERAKTIVASI LARUTAN NaOH
Authors: Dwijayanti Umi , Gunawan Gunawan , Setyo Widodo Didik , Haris Abdul , Suyati Linda , Ariadi Lusiana Retno
Published: February 2022

Penelitian tentang adsorpsi methylene blue (MB) oleh abu layang batubara teraktivasi NaOH telah dilakukan. Aktivasi abu layang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 80 oC selama 12 jam. Abu layang yang sudah teraktivasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, dan studi adsorpsi dengan melakukan variasi pH, waktu kontak, dan konsentrasi adsorbat. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya silikat atau aluminat dari abu layang teraktivasi yang bertanggung jawab pada adsopsi MB yaitu vibrasi tekuk ikatan Si atau Al dengan O pada bilangan gelombang 420-500 cm-1 . Abu layang teraktivasi dapat mengadsorpsi zat warna MB pada pH 7 dengan waktu kontak optimum 90 menit. Adsorpsi MB mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir dan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 500 mg/g.
ANALISIS KADAR KLOROFIL PADA BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) TERINDUKSI INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Nurcahyani Endang , Deria Rahmadani Desti , Wahyuningsih Sri , Mahfut Mahfut
Published: February 2022

Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) adalah salah satu komoditas pangan yang memiliki sumber protein dan aman dikonsumsi.Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu dan perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu, para petani sayuran termasuk Buncis kesulitan dalam memproduksi hasil pertanian dengan baik, sehingga menyebabkan produksi tanaman buncis menurun. Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) merupakan hormon auksin yang terdapat pada ujung akar, batang dan pembentukan bunga. Hormon auksin IAA dapat memicu percepatan pertumbuhan pada akar, batang dan perkembangan bunga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian IAA pada jumlah planlet hidup dan kadar klorofil a, b dan total planlet buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan variasi konsentrasi Indole Acetic Acid yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan yaitu 0 ppm, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, dan 1,5 ppm. Masing masing konsentrasi dilakukan 5 kali pengulangan dan setiap pengulangan terdiri dari 3 eksplan biji buncis dalam setiap botol kultur. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji homogenitas dan Uji Lanjut Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase planlet hidup menunjukkan 100% hidup dan pemberian IAA memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar klorofil a dan total secara in vitro.
SINTESIS SENYAWA ANALOG KURKUMIN BERBAHAN DASAR VERATRALDEHIDA DENGAN METODE ULTRASOUND
Authors: Nur Anisa Devi , Anwar Chairil , Afriyani Hapin
Published: February 2022

Kurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan fenolik yang dikenal memiliki aktivitas biologis yang penting, seperti antibakteri, antikanker, antioksidan, antidiabetes dan antiinflamasi. Dalam penelitian ini, sintesis senyawa analog kurkumin berbahan dasar veratraldehida telah dilakukan.Tahap sintesis melibatkan kondensasi Claisen-Schimdt dari veratraldehida dan siklopentanon menggunakan katalis basa (KOH) dalam pelarut etanol serta dilakukan dengan metode ultrasound selama 15 menit, menghasilkan senyawa analog kurkumin ((2E,5E)-2,5- bis(3,4-dimetoksibenzilidin) siklopentanon). Hasil senyawa tersebut dianalisis dengan mengunakan DI-MS, dan spektra FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 15,4 mmol veratraldehida yang disintesis dengan 7 mmol siklopentanon menggunakan katalis basa (KOH) 5% dalam pelarut etanol menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 85,71% dan mempunyai berat molekul 380 g/mol. Hasil sintesis senyawa analog kurkumin dari metode ultrasound berupa serbuk kuning dengan titik leleh 194 °C.
PENINGKATAN KESTABILAN ENZIM α–AMILASE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL
Authors: Yandri Yandri , Nadila Nurul , Suhartati Tati , Satria Heri , Hadi Sutopo
Published: February 2022

Enzim α-amilase adalah enzim yang mengkatalisis hidrolisis ikatan α-1,4 glikosidik polisakarida menghasilkan dekstrin, oligosakarida, maltosa, dan Dglukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kestabilan enzim α-amilase hasil pemurnian dari Aspergillus fumigatus dengan penambahan gliserol. Aktivitas enzim ditentukan dengan metode Fuwa dan Mandels, sedangkan kadar protein ditentukan dengan metode Lowry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enzim hasil pemurnian memiliki aktivitas spesifik sebesar 1,377 U/mg meningkat sebanyak 8,1 kali dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar enzim yang memiliki aktivitas spesifik sebesar 0,170 U/mg. Enzim hasil pemurnian memiliki pH optimum 5,5; suhu optimum 55 °C; waktu paruh 133,26 menit. Enzim setelah penambahan gliserol 0,5; 1 dan 1,5 M memiliki pH optimum dan suhu optimum yang sama, yaitu pH 5,5 dan suhu 55 °C. Enzim setelah penambahan gliserol: 0,5 M memiliki waktu paruh 157,5 menit: 1 M memiliki waktu paruh 182,36 menit, dan 1,5 M memiliki waktu paruh 223,54 menit. Penambahan gliserol pada enzim α-amilase hasil pemurnian dari A. fumigatus dapat meningkatkan kestabilan enzim sebanyak 1,2-1,7 kali dibandingkan dengan enzim hasil pemurnian yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan waktu paruh.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI ZEOLIT MORDENIT (MOR) PORI HIRARKI BERBASIS SILIKA ABU AMPAS TEBU
Authors: Rilyanti Mita , Gita Silviana Ella , Buhani Buhani , D. Pandiangan Kamisah , Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih Ni
Published: February 2022

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis zeolit mordenit (MOR) pori hirarki berbahan dasar silika abu ampas tebu (Sugarcane Bagasse Ash/SCBA) menggunakan metode Solid-State Crystallization (SSC). Penelitian ini diawali dengan ekstraksi silika dari SCBA menggunakan pelarut alkali (NaOH) dan silika hasil ekstraksi digunakan sebagai sumber silika sekaligus sumber alumina untuk mensintesis zeolit MOR pori hirarki. Sebagai pembanding, zeolit MOR pori hirarki juga disintesis menggunakan silika komersial. Sintesis zeolit MOR pori hirarki dilakukan pada suhu 170 oC selama 120 jam. Difraksi sinar-X menginformasikan bahwa silika yang diekstraksi dari SCBA memiliki fasa amorf dan analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus silanol dan siloksan dengan kandungan silika dan alumina sebesar 85,55 dan 12,16 % berdasarkan analisis XRF. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa zeolit MOR pori hirarki yang disintesis menggunakan silika SCBA maupun silika komersial (LUDOX) memiliki fasa kristalin dengan puncak-puncak yang karakteristik untuk zeolit MOR dengan ukuran pori sebesar 4,84 nm.
UJI TOKSISITAS DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) DAN IDENTIFIKASI KOMPONEN FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ASETON KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Chusniasih Dewi , Tutik Tutik
Published: February 2022

Uji toksisitas dan identifikasi komponen fitokimia ekstrak aseton kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L) telah dilakukan. Sampel kulit buah kakao diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut aseton 80%, pengujian toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan ekstrak dianalisis dengan metode Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrofotometry (GC-MS). Ekstrak aseton kulit buah kakao bersifat toksik berdasarkan uji toksisitas dengan metode BSLT dengan nilai LC50 yaitu 24,69 ppm. Hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh bahwa kandungan fitokimia ekstrak aseton kulit buah kakao didominasi oleh golongan asam lemak metil ester, yaitu sebanyak 15 senyawa dengan total persentase kelimpahan 93,94%. Senyawa dengan kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu n-asam heksadekanoat dengan luas area 31,02%, asam oleat dengan luas area 20,27%, dan asam oktadekanoat dengan luas area 12,24%.
FOTODEGRADASI PEWARNA TEKSTIL KRISTAL VIOLET TERKATALIS ZnO/ZEOLIT Y SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Supriyanto R , Puteri Anggraini Silvi , Bahri Syaiful , Rilyanti Mita
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian fotoreduksi pewarna tekstil kristal violet menggunakan katalis ZnO/Zeolit Y. Hasil Penelitian diperoleh katalis ZnO/Zeolit Y berupa serbuk berwarna putih dengan metode impegnasi. Karakteristik ZnO/Zeolit Y didapatkan dengan metode X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Uji linieritas kristal violet diperoleh nilai R2 sebesar 0,998. Uji presisi memberikan nilai % RSD sebesar 1,77 % . Nilai percent recovery dari metil violet sebesar 107,151%. Hasil perhitungan dari Limit of Detection (LoD) memberikan nilai 0,0571 ppm dan nilai Limit of Quantity (LoQ) sebesar 0,1906 ppm. Pada penelitian ini intensitas cahaya pada lampu pijar yang digunakan untuk degradasi sebesar 8000 Lux. Didapatkan waktu optimum fotodegradasi Kristal violet pada menit 150 dengan kondisi pH 5. Zeolit Y tanpa ZnO mampu menurunkan konsentrasi kristal violet mencapai 53,351% (pada penambahan 1,0 mg). ZnO/Zeolit Y sebagai katalis mampu menurunkan konsentrasi dari kristal violet mencapai 81,996 % (pada penambahan 1,0 mg). Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa fotodegradasi kristal violet dengan bantuan katalis ZnO/Zeolit Y dapat meningkatkan persen penurunan konsentrasi kristal violet terlarut.
PENYERAPAN ION LOGAM Cu (II) MENGGUNAKAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SECARA FITOREMEDIASI
Authors: Lestari Intan , Putri Ayu Shinta , Ngatijo Ngatijo
Published: February 2022

Fitoremediasi adalah penggunaan tanaman dan proses tanaman untuk menghilangkan, menurunkan atau membuat bahan berbahaya tidak berbahaya bahan yang ada di tanah atau air tanah. Fitoremediasi dapat digunakan untuk stabilisasi polutan, ekstraksi, degradasi atau penguapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk penyerapan ion logam Cu(II) menggunakan Eceng Gondok secara fitoremediasi. Parameter penyerapan yang dipelajari adalah variasi pH, konsentrasi ion logam Cu(II), waktu kontak tanaman di dalam media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kondisi pH larutan memberikan penyerapan optimum pada pH 4 dengan efisiensi adsorpsi 98,6%. Sedangkan variasi konsentrasi larutan memberikan penyerapan optimum pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dengan efisiensi adsorpsi 99,392%. Lama waktu kontak memberikan penyerapan optimum pada hari ke-5 dengan efisiensi adsorpsi 99,62%. Berdasarkan data karakterisasi FTIR menunjukan bahwa Eceng Gondok memiliki gugus fungsi hidroksil, karbonil, karboksil, dan amina yang berfungsi sebagai gugus aktif untuk proses adsorpsi ion logam Cu(II) oleh Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes).
MEMBRAN KITOSAN-SITRAT SEBAGAI KATALIS HETEROGEN DALAM PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA
Authors: Ariadi Lusiana Retno , Wahyu Widyastuti Rahma , Andre Sasongko Nurwarrohman , Indra Ayub , Suseno Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Melalui reaksi taut silang antara kitosan dan asam sitrat, membran kitosanasam sitrat (CC) disiapkan sebagai katalis heterogen dalam proses produksi biodiesel dari minyak kelapa sawit dan metanol. Sifat membran CC dianalisis secara fisikokimia dan menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR dan TGA. Berdasar data fisikokimia, didapatkan bahwa masuknya gugus TPP dalam rangka kitosan berkorelasi dengan peningkatan porositas, hidrofilisitas, serapan air, dan fluks membran. Sisi katalitik dari membran CC pada proses produksi biodiesel dipelajari pada beberapa kondisi konversi. Didapatkan bahwa konversi minyak kelapa sawit mencapai 98,4% dengan kondisi waktu reaksi 75 menit, suhu 70 oC, rasio mol minyak/metanol 1:3 dan jumlah katalis sebesar 70 mg.
FOTODEGRADASI PEWARNA TEKSTIL CONGO RED MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ZnO/ZEOLIT Y SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Supriyanto R , Gita Riani Dio Regina
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian fotodegradasi larutan pewarna tekstil Congo Red dengan menggunakan reaktor fotoreduksi lampu pijar 50 Watt dan menghasilkan kuat cahaya 8000 Lux, hasil degradasi warna dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi panjang gelombang optimum larutan Congo Red, pH larutan Congo Red, fotodegradasi dengan menambahkan zeolit Y, dan ZnO/Zeolit Y. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data karakterisasi terhadap katalis dengan metode Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil pengukuran menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis diperoleh panjang gelombang optimum larutan pewarna Congo Red 498 nm dengan pH optimum pada pH 5, degradasi warna Congo Red tanpa katalis terjadi pada waktu optimum 120 menit dengan persentase degradasi sebesar 21,68%, penambahan katalis zeolit Y 0,6 mg dapat menurunkan intensitas warna Congo Red sebesar 63,30%, sedangkan penambahkan 0,6 mg ZnO/Zeolit Y dapat menurunkan intensitas warna Congo Red sebesar 78,01%. Ada dua faktor utama terjadinya penurunan konsentrasi Congo Redyang lebih besar dibanding tidak ada penambahan zeolit-Y yaitu, penambahan zeolit-Y menyebabkan adanya adsorpsi Congo Redoleh zeolit-Y selain itu Congo Red yang tidak teradsorpsi oleh zeolit-Y mengalami proses fotoreduksi dengan bantuan sinar tampak.
PENGARUH LIGAN PADA SINTESIS SENYAWA KOMPLEKS CO(II) DENGAN LIGAN BASA SCHIFF N,N-DIMETIL-4- (FENILIMINOMETIL)ANILIN DAN 1,10-FENANTROLIN
Authors: Sembiring Zipora , Bahri Syaiful , Rinawati Rinawati , Sukma Ramadhania Adita , Dhayang Fiarizky Aura
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa kompleks Co(II) dengan ligan basa Schiff N,N-Dimetil-4-(feniliminometil)anilin dan ligan 1,10-Fenantrolin. Sintesis senyawa kompleks dilakukan dengan reaksi kondensasi refluks pada suhu 78 °C menggunaan pelarut etanol, menghasilkan kristal berwarna coklat muda dengan rendemen sebesar 68% untuk kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff dan berwarna oranye dengan rendemen sebesar 72,60% untuk kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin. Kristal yang diproleh kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, dan TG-DTA. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan terbentuknya kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff dan kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin. Kemudian untuk melihat pengaruh ligan pada pembentukan senyawa kompleks dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan MSB dan dihasilkan momen magnet efektif (µeff) senyawa kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff sebesar 3,87 BM yang bersifat paramagnetik, sedangkan pada kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin memiliki momen magnet efektif (µeff) sebesar 4,72 BM yang bersifat paramagnetik serta membentuk agen khelat. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan MSB menunjukkan kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik dibandingan dengan ligan basa Schiff N,N-Dimetil-4- (feniliminometil)anilin.
A novel gradient-extended anisotropic two-surface damage-plasticity model for finite deformations
Authors: Holthusen H. , Brepols T. , Reese S. , Simon J.
Published: February 2022

A material model to deal with finite plasticity coupled with anisotropic damage will be presented. The presentation addresses mesh regularization problems and a novel approach for using gradient-extension in the context of damage. Since finite strains are considered, the strain measures chosen are logarithmic strains. To give the interested audience an idea of the behavior of the model, numerical examples are used for illustration.
Differentially Expressed Long-Term Salinity Responsive Sequences in Halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort
Authors: Saraswathi Shrikanth Krishnamurthi , Parida Ajay Kumar , Girivasan Kozhikottuthodi Puthanveedu
Published: February 2022

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects plant growth and productivity. To cope with salt stress, plants express large number of salt responsive genes and proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. In the present study, halophytic plant Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. were hydroponically exposed to NaCl for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind salinity tolerance using PCR-based Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Two cDNA subtraction libraries were constructed between Suaeda maritima X Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda maritima X Salicornia brachiata to identify differentially expressed genes from leaves exposed to 200mM NaCl treatment for 14 days. A total of 224 clones from both libraries were assembled into 109 unique-ESTs grouped into different functional categories. Based on GO functional annotation, the expressed sequences like Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1, AARF domain-containing kinase protein, V-type proton ATPase subunitd2, RMD5 homologA, and ABC transporter G35 that are involved in photosynthesis, cellular transport, cell rescue and defense, polyubiquitination and secondary metabolism played a significant role implying a complex response to salt in S. maritima. This is the first report that SSH could facilitate screening across species and family specific identification of salt responsive genes provides insight into biological mechanisms underlying salinity response.
Culturally Responsive Teaching for Learner Diversity in Czech Schools: A Literature Review
Authors: Kalu Ntite Orji , Kurowski Martina
Published: February 2022

Until recently, the Czech Republic had an educational system dominated by indigenous people, who accounted for 95% of the school population. With the increasing influx of migrants and foreign students especially from outside European Union, came a great disparity among the quality of learners and their learning needs, and a consideration for the challenges associated with being a minority and living within a foreign culture. This has prompted the research into ways of tailoring the educational system to meet the rising demand of learning styles and needs for the diverse learners in the Czech classrooms. Literature is reviewed regarding the various ways to accommodate the international students considering racial differences, focusing on theoretical approach and pedagogical principles. This study examines the compulsory educational system of the Czech Republic and the position and responsibility of the teacher in fostering a culturally sensitive and inclusive learning environment. Descriptive and content analysis is relied upon for this study. Recommendations are made for stakeholders to imbibe a more responsive environment that enhances cultural and social integration of all learners.
The Impact of Teacher, School, and Student Factors on Standardized Student Test Scores Using Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Maarouf Saoussan
Published: February 2022

This study examines the effect of teacher (race, salary, and experience), school (climate and Financial Efficiency Star Rating), and student (attendance and mobility) factors on student Math and ELA standardized test scores in elementary (n = 1140) and middle (n = 451) public schools across the state of Georgia. The data used in this study was collected by Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) during the 2018-2019 school year. Three multivariate linear regression models are utilized to explore the main and interaction effects within and between factors. The first model analyzes the main effects of the three independent variables (teacher, school, and student) separately and then in a single combined model accounting for all factors. Individual model approach reveals strong positive correlations with Math and ELA test scores for all factors. However, the impact of each factor is greatly diminished in a combined model approach. The second model reveals that the interaction effects within factors does not impact student test scores significantly. Meanwhile, results from the third model show that the interactions between the three independent variables yield a modest impact on student test scores. Findings from this study can guide educators and policymakers to focus on factors that can improve student standardized test scores and meet the accountability mandate for school achievement as set by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 and its predecessor No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001.
Utilization of Library Resources Among Graduate Students of Leyte Normal University (LNU)
Authors: Alcober Luzviminda Fabillar
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the utilization of the resources of the Leyte Normal       University Learning Resource Center by the graduate students enrolled in various graduate curricular program offerings for the AY 2018, 2019, and 2020. The assessment concentrated on the subject area, borrowers per program, professional journals and magazines, and databases, e-books, and internet connectivity during the academic years 2018, 2019, and 2020. In this context, utilization was focused. Utilizing the survey design, statistically treated data showed that books are commonly borrowed resources and that borrowing frequency is dependent on the enrollment of a curricular program offering. Bulk of borrowers were recorded for AY 2018 and 2019. Taking things holistically, the general circulation of the library is deemed helpful to its immediate users. An intervention plan was prepared further to promote the richness of the resources in the library and consequently attract more users.
Verbal, Non-Verbal Communication and Body Language in Part A of Erotokritos by Vitsentzos Kornaros
Authors: Kostoula Vasiliki , Stamatis Panagiotis J. , Christodoulidou Louiza
Published: February 2022

This paper studies verbal and non-verbal communication as this is captured in part A of the narrative poem Erotokritos by Vitsentzos Kornaros. First, the paper presents the basic characteristics of the Cretan Renaissance that inspired the author. Then a brief reference is made to the genre of the masterpiece and its classification as a novel. Within the framework of this study, the focus was placed on investigating the content of the verbal communication, as this is identified in the dialogues taking place between the main characters-protagonists of the romance. Moreover, the discussions between Erotokritos and his trusted friend Polidoros as well as between Aretusa and her nurse Frosini are also studied. The verbal communication helps understand the characters’ way of thinking and leads to conclusions about social perceptions and public morality concerning love, which is prevalent in the poem. Finally, reference is made to important non-verbal communication channels contained in the text. More specifically, important references to the visual, motor, thermal and tactile communication channel have been identified. The study shows that non-verbal signs express feelings, which are difficult to express in words. As these signs contribute to the plot, they describe the interaction between the protagonists and disclose their feelings in every scene of the play.
Open To Support Accessibility: The Use of Open Books by SQU Faculty
Authors: Al Saadi Khalid Khamis
Published: February 2022

With Sultan Qaboos University (SQU)’s growing strategic priorities to improve teaching and research performance while increasing their competitive edge and reducing costs, Open Educational Resources (OER) appear as a possible option where e-books are often cited to help streamline the SQU’s resources and services. Similarly, the Instructional and Learning Technologies Program in the College of Education has an interest in the use of open books as a method of increasing accessibility to textbook materials for faculty and students. This descriptive study employed a survey to investigate SQU faculty uses and perceptions of open books to identify the advantages of increasing its accessibility. The analysis of the findings indicates that the faculty at SQU have access to open books and encourage positive experiences using them in their classrooms. That implicates a number of pedagogical benefits that can be supported by the use of open books. Therefore, it is important to grow the awareness among the policy makers and faculty about the benefits of encouraging and granting students access to other OER resources that might lead to more student learning.
Differentiating between Good Readers and Poor Readers: The Role of Linguistic and Cognitive Factors
Authors: Memisevic Haris , Dedic Admira , Malec Daniel
Published: February 2022

Attainment of reading ability is one of the most important goals of early elementary education. The goal of the present study was to compare groups of good readers and poor readers on several cognitive and linguistic skills and to determine the influence of these variables in differentiating these two groups of readers. An additional goal was to determine whether there are differences in proportion of boys and girls in groups of good and poor readers. The sample for this study comprised 60 third-grade children divided in two categories, 30 children in the category of good readers and 30 children in the category of poor readers. The results of this study revealed the largest differences between good readers and poor readers were on the phoneme deletion task and processing speed task. Another finding is that more boys than girls were in the group of good readers and more girls than boys in the group of poor readers. It is very important to know which underlying skills best differentiate good and poor readers at certain age. This in turn will lead to creating more effective reading interventions.
Aligning the Working Needs of Teachers to Continuous Professional Development Programmes in the Nanumba North District of Ghana: Interrogation within the Ambience of Policy and Practice
Authors: Mahama Alhassan , Mohammed Issah , Gunu Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Professionals all over the world including teachers need to update their knowledge and skills often through diverse Continuous Professional Development Programmes (CPDP’s). Using the Descriptive Survey Design and Mixed Method Approach, this paper assesses the policy requirements and the potency of these training programmes in relation to the working needs of teachers within the Nanumba North District of the Northern Region of Ghana. The study sampled 100 teachers and 20 administrators in various Basic Schools in the district. Mainly, questionnaires and in-person interviews were used in soliciting data. Data management and analysis in this study was done using the SPSS version (23). Even though the study did not entirely dismiss the fact that the Ghana Education Service appreciates the importance of CPDP’s, the findings strongly revealed that CPDP’s in the district do not align with the working needs of participating teachers. Organizers choose areas they deem important without conducting needs assessment for training engagements. It is recommended that CPDP’s must be incorporated into the teacher training curriculum and backed by law and thus support and address the operational needs of the Ghanaian teacher.
Lower Primary School Students’ Scientific Arguments
Authors: Taralli Evdokia , Skoumios Michael
Published: February 2022

The present study investigates the structure and the content of oral scientific arguments constructed by the 6-year-old students in Greece when they answered questions about light propagation through objects, the dissolution of substances in water, and the flow of electric current through objects. The research was conducted with the participation of 64 primary school students (6 years old), while the interview served as the data collection tool. Research data included students’ answers (arguments) to the questions of the interview. Students’ scientific arguments were analyzed through rubrics evaluating the sufficiency and the appropriateness of the components of the arguments. The analysis of the data allowed the categories of students’ arguments to be determined. It was found that students’ arguments included sufficient and appropriate claims, some of them included sufficient and appropriate evidence, but they included no reasonings or rebuttals at all.
A Study on the Ultimate Velocity for Vehicles Going through Roadway Curves to Avert Sideslip
Authors: Cao X. , Yanagisawa N. , Kurosawa N. , Miyashita H.
Published: February 2022

The part results of a study on the factors influencing safety as driving a vehicle at road curve are reported in this paper. A motivation doing this research is to reduce casualties in traffic road accidents since many accidents happened at road curve sections. An improved mathematical model is constructed based on the mechanical analysis of vehicle motion. In the model, excepting the factor of road surface superelevation angle, the effects of longitudinal gradient of road curve and wind force are also taken into consideration. Two typical road curves respectively in two existing roadways in Nagano Prefecture, Japan are selected as the investigated road curves, which include the road curve section where a bus traffic accident well known has occurred. Four types of vehicles including bus are taken as the studied objects. The relationship between the ultimate velocity for vehicle to travel bending a road curve and to safely avert sideslip and relative parameters is built. The predicted results are given and discussed. The results show that the ultimate velocity as one of the important parameters to avert bus accident decreases with wind speed increasing. With the curve radius increasing, the ultimate velocity increases in all road surface conditions, in which the ultimate velocity for bus traveling on dry road surface increases most quickly, then on wet road surface, snow accumulation road surface and frozen road surface successively for ranges of velocity limited to 110 km/h and a curve radius to 350 m. For same wind speed, the bigger the longitudinal gradient ?, the smaller the ultimate velocity.