bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of health care providers managing sexual assault victims in the emergency unit Part 1: Background and methodology
Authors: Skhosana Rebecca M. , Peu Mmapheko D.
Published: September 2009

The objective of  this  study was  to  explore  and describe  the  experiences of health care providers managing sexual assault victims in the emergency unit of a community hospital in the Nkangala district in the  Mpumalanga Province. A qualitative, phenomenological design was applied. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants from health care providers who were working in the emergency unit and had managed more than four sexual assault victims. Data were collected by means of individual interviews and analysed according to the Tesch method of data analysis by the researcher and the independent co-coder. Main categories, subcategories and themes were identified. Participants expressed their emotions, challenges and police attitudes and behaviours as well as  inconsistencies in guidelines and needs identification. It was recommended that members of the multidisciplinary team engage in community activities and that the community participate  in matters pertaining to sexual assault. Government should develop  clear guidelines  that are applicable  to  rural and urban South Africa. Health  care sciences should aim to train more forensic nurses. All relevant departments should work together to alleviate the complications caused by sexual assault incidents.  Opsomming: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die ervaringe van gesondheidsorgverskaffers wat slagoffers van seksuele aanranding in die ongevalle-eenheid van 'n gemeenskapshospitaal in die Nkangala-distrik in die provinsie van Mpumalanga hanteer, te verken en te beskryf. ’n Kwalitatiewe fenomenologiese ontwerp  is  toegepas. Doelbewuste  steekproefneming is gebruik  om  deelnemers te  selekteer uit die groep gesondheidsorgverskaffers wat in die ongevalle-eenheid werksaam was en meer as vier slagoffers  van seksuele aanranding hanteer het. Data is by wyse van  individuele onderhoude ingesamel en volgens die Tesch-metode van data-analise deur die navorser en die  onafhanklike medekodeerder geanaliseer.Hoofkategorieë, subkategorieë en temas is geïdentifiseer. Deelnemers het uitdrukking gegee aan hulle emosies, uitdagings, die houding en gedrag van polisiebeamptes, teenstrydighede in riglyne en behoefte-identifikasie. Aanbevelings  is dat multidissiplinêre spanlede betrokke moet wees by gemeenskapsaktiwiteite en dat die gemeenskap moet deelneem aan sake wat verband hou met seksuele aanranding. Die regering moet duidelike riglyne ontwikkel wat op landelike en stedelike Suid-Afrika van toepassing is. Gesondheidsorgwetenskappe moet  daarop gerig wees om meer forensiese verpleeg-kundiges op te  lei. Alle toepaslike departemente moet saamwerk om die komplikasies te verlig wat deur voorvalle van seksuele aanranding veroorsaak word.
Differential expression of galectin-3, CK19, HBME1, and Ret oncoprotein in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Saleh Husain A. , Feng Jining , Tabassum Farah , Al-Zohaili Opada , Husain Muji , Giorgadze Tamara
Published: September 2009

Background:

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a common and excellent procedure for the evaluation of thyroid lesions that require surgical resection. At times, the FNAB diagnosis can be difficult, particularly of follicular-patterned lesions. Previous studies have shown that some immunohistochemical (IHC) markers may be helpful in establishing more accurate diagnosis. In this study, our goal was to evaluate four of the recently investigated markers in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules on FNABs.

Materials and Methods:

We performed IHC staining of galectin-3, Ret oncoprotein (Ret), HBME-1, and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), on cell block sections of thyroid FNAB cases that had corresponding surgical resections. They included 44 benign lesions (37 hyperplastic or cellular nodules, HN; and 7 follicular adenomas, FA) and 27 malignant tumors (6 follicular carcinoma, FC; 19 classic papillary carcinoma, PTC; and 2 follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, FVPC). The stains were done according to the standard avidin–biotin–peroxidase method.

Results:

Statistical analysis showed that immunoexpression was significantly higher in the malignant group for all four markers. The sensitivity for positive expression for all benign lesions versus malignant tumors was as follows: 10/44 (22.7%) versus 25/27 (92.6%) for galectin-3; 14/44 (31.8%) versus 23/27 (85%) for Ret; 12/44 (27.3%) versus 24/27 (88.8%) for HBME-1; and 13/44 (29.5%) versus 23/27 (85%) for CK19. The sensitivity and specificity was highest for galectin-3 (92.6% and 77.3%, respectively) followed by HMBE-1 (88.9% and 72.7%, respectively). When combining the markers' expressions, the panel of galectin-3 + HBME-1 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (90.7% and 75%, respectively), but this was, however, lower than galectin-3 alone (92.3% and 77.3%, respectively).

Conclusion:

We conclude that galectin-3 is the best single marker in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions with the highest sensitivity and specificity. The galectin-3 + HBME-1 was the best combination for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Because they were the best two independent and combined markers, we recommend the use of the galectin-3 + HBME-1 panel to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of follicular-patterned thyroid lesions on FNABs.
Phototunable Azobenzene Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with 2000 nm Range
Authors: White Timothy J. , Bricker Rebecca L. , Natarajan Lalgudi V. , Tabiryan Nelson V. , Green Lisa , Li Quan , Bunning Timothy J.
Published: September 2009

Phototuning of more than 2000 nm is demonstrated in an azobenzene‐based cholesteric liquid crystal (azo‐CLC) consisting of a high‐helical‐twisting‐power, axially chiral bis(azo) molecule (QL76). Phototuning range and rate are compared as a function of chiral dopant concentration, light intensity, and thickness. CLCs composed of QL76 maintain the CLC phase regardless of intensity or duration of exposure. The time necessary for the complete restoration of the original spectral properties (position, bandwidth, baseline transmission, and reflectivity) of QL76‐based CLC is dramatically reduced from days to a few minutes by polymer stabilization of the CLC helix.
Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A in childhood
Authors: Garavelli L. , D'Apice M.R. , Rivieri F. , Bertoli M. , Wischmeijer A. , Gelmini C. , De Nigris V. , Albertini E. , Rosato S. , Virdis R. , Bacchini E. , Dal Zotto R. , Banchini G. , Iughetti L. , Bernasconi S. , Superti‐Furga A. , Novelli G.
Published: September 2009

Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) is characterized by growth retardation, postnatal onset of craniofacial anomalies with mandibular hypoplasia, progressive acral osteolysis, and skin changes including mottled pigmentation, skin atrophy, and lipodystrophy. Owing to its slowly progressive course, the syndrome has been recognized in adults, and pediatric case reports are scarce. We present the clinical case of two children in whom the diagnosis of MADA was made at an unusually early age. A 5‐year‐old boy presented with ocular proptosis, thin nose, and short and bulbous distal phalanges of fingers. A 4‐year‐old girl presented with round face and chubby cheeks, thin nose, bulbous fingertips, and type A lipodystrophy. In both, a skeletal survey showed wormian bones, thin clavicles, short distal phalanges of fingers and toes with acro‐osteolysis. Both children were found to be homozygous for the recurrent missense mutation, c.1580G>A, (p.R527H) in exon 9 of the LMNA gene. Thus, the phenotype of MADA can be manifest in preschool age; diagnosis may be suggested by short and bulbous fingertips, facial features, and lipodystrophy, supported by the finding of acral osteolysis, and confirmed by mutation analysis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Czech dysplasia occurring in a Japanese family
Authors: Matsui Yoshito , Michigami Toshimi , Tachikawa Kanako , Yamazaki Miwa , Kawabata Hidehiko , Nishimura Gen
Published: September 2009

Czech dysplasia (OMIM 609162) is a recently established COL2A1 disorder characterized by normal height, early‐onset osteoarthritis, platyspondyly, short metatarsals, and the absence of ophthalmological complications or cleft palate. A specific missense mutation (c.823C > T, R275C) in the exon 13 of the COL2A1 gene, coding for the triple helical domain of the alpha 1 chain of the type II collagen, has been linked to Czech dysplasia, which is quite a unique situation among the COL2A1 disorders. Since all of the 11 families and patients reported to date were of European ancestry, an ancient single origin of the R275C mutation was speculated about. Here we report on a Japanese family consisting of three patients with Czech dysplasia, each member showing valgus knees in addition to remarkably uniform manifestation of the clinical and radiological abnormalities. Mutation analysis documented the COL2A1 c.823C > T mutation in all affected individuals. In conclusion, this report provides novel evidence for the independent occurrence of Czech dysplasia among the populations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragile X prenatal analyses show full mutation females at high risk for mosaic Turner syndrome: Fragile X leads to chromosome loss
Authors: Dobkin Carl , Radu Gabriel , Ding Xiao‐Hua , Brown W. Ted , Nolin Sarah L.
Published: September 2009

The fragile X mutation is an expansion of a CGG triplet repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Expansion to >200 repeats (the “full mutation”) silences FMR1 transcription and leads to the fragile X mental retardation syndrome in males and in some females. It also affects the structure of the mitotic chromosome as evidenced by a folate sensitive fragile site. Isolated cases of 45,X/46,XX (mosaic Turner syndrome) in full mutation females have been reported but an increased prevalence was not apparent from these reports. PCR and Southern analysis of the CGG repeat in 423 prenatal female samples identified 106 full mutation cases. Surprisingly five of these had 45,X/4,6XX mosaicism while none of the other 317 female fetuses did. In two of the five cases ≥50% of the cells were reported to be 45,X and in the other three, ≤14%. We investigated the association of the full mutation and mosaic Turner syndrome using polymorphisms and single cell cloning to identify the X chromosome that was lost. Our analysis indicates that at least four of the five full mutation mosaicism cases were due to loss of the maternal, full mutation chromosome. These data indicate that 45,X/46,XX mosaicism is much more common than expected in fragile X full mutation females. Moreover, they suggest that the presence of the fragile X full mutation on a chromosome may predispose it to loss during mitosis, possibly due to the altered structure of the metaphase fragile X chromosome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of TFAP2A gene involvement in branchio‐oculo‐facial syndrome (BOFS) and report of temporal bone anomalies
Authors: Stoetzel C. , Riehm S. , Bennouna Greene V. , Pelletier V. , Vigneron J. , Leheup B. , Marion V. , Hellé S. , Danse J.M. , Thibault C. , Moulinier L. , Veillon F. , Dollfus H.
Published: September 2009

Branchio‐oculo‐facial syndrome (BOFS) is an autosomal‐dominant condition characterized by three main features, respectively: branchial defects, ocular anomalies, and craniofacial defects including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). We report on one family with three affected, and two sporadic cases that have been found to carry missense mutations in the newly reported BOFS gene: TFAP2A. This report confirms the involvement of this transcription factor in this developmental syndrome with clinical variability. Moreover, we present CT scan temporal bone anomalies in the familial cases, related to branchial arch defects, highlighting the importance of radiological investigations for differential diagnosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tethered cord, corpus callosum abnormalities, and periventricular cysts in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Verbrugge Joel , Choudhary Arabinda Kumar , Ladda Roger
Published: September 2009

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (4p‐) is a rare disorder with characteristic physical findings. Neuroimaging findings are relatively scarce. We performed a literature search and found 22 reports of neuroimaging findings. We present findings in our two cases, each with the previously unreported finding of a tethered cord. The most common abnormalities were of the corpus callosum, occurring in 71% of all cases. There appears to be a high association in the syndrome between corpus callosal abnormalities and periventricular cysts formation in the first year of life. These cysts eventually fuse with the frontal horns during late infancy with enlargement of the frontal horns. Absence of other causes for periventricular cyst formation, such as perinatal distress, prematurity, or cytomegalovirus infection, appears to strengthen the association. With further studies, neuroimaging findings may eventually assist in the diagnosis of patients with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in VHL exon deletions
Authors: McNeill Alisdair , Rattenberry Eleanor , Barber Richard , Killick Pip , MacDonald Fiona , Maher Eamonn R.
Published: September 2009

Von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) syndrome is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome caused by mutations in the VHL gene. VHL syndrome displays marked variation in expression and analysis of genotype–phenotype correlations have led to the concept of four subtypes of VHL syndrome (Types 1, 2A–C). Type 2 subtypes of VHL syndrome are characterized by the presence of pheochromocytoma and the three Type 2 subtypes are associated with differing risks of hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Type 2 VHL syndrome is usually associated with surface missense mutations. Type 1 VHL syndrome is most commonly caused by germline exon deletions and truncating mutations and is characterized by susceptibility to hemangioblastomas and RCC but not pheochromocytoma. Recently, it has been suggested that large VHL gene deletions involving C3orf10 (HSPC300) might be associated with a low risk of RCC. We have reviewed the molecular and clinical characteristics of 127 individuals with germline VHL gene deletions. Large VHL gene deletions associated with a contiguous loss of C3orf10 were associated with a significantly lower lifetime risk of RCC than deletions that did not involve C3orf10. The risks of hemangioblastomas were similar in both groups. These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that patients with VHL syndrome caused by large VHL deletions that include C3orf10 may be designated as having a specific subtype (Type 1B) of the disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding CEP290 mutational spectrum in ciliopathies
Authors: Travaglini Lorena , Brancati Francesco , Attie‐Bitach Tania , Audollent Sophie , Bertini Enrico , Kaplan Josseline , Perrault Isabelle , Iannicelli Miriam , Mancuso Brunella , Rigoli Luciana , Rozet Jean‐Michel , Swistun Dominika , Tolentino Jerlyn ,   The International JSRD Study Group, Dallapiccola Bruno , Gleeson Joseph G. , Valente Enza Maria
Published: September 2009

Ciliopathies are an expanding group of rare conditions characterized by multiorgan involvement, that are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the primary cilium or its apparatus. Among these genes, CEP290 bears an intriguing allelic spectrum, being commonly mutated in Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), Meckel syndrome (MKS), Senior‐Loken syndrome and isolated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Although these conditions are recessively inherited, in a subset of patients only one CEP290 mutation could be detected. To assess whether genomic rearrangements involving the CEP290 gene could represent a possible mutational mechanism in these cases, exon dosage analysis on genomic DNA was performed in two groups of CEP290 heterozygous patients, including five JSRD/MKS cases and four LCA, respectively. In one JSRD patient, we identified a large heterozygous deletion encompassing CEP290 C‐terminus that resulted in marked reduction of mRNA expression. No copy number alterations were identified in the remaining probands. The present work expands the CEP290 genotypic spectrum to include multiexon deletions. Although this mechanism does not appear to be frequent, screening for genomic rearrangements should be considered in patients in whom a single CEP290 mutated allele was identified. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive neurocognitive decline in two children with Dravet syndrome, de novo SCN1A truncations and different epileptic phenotypes
Authors: Riva Daria , Vago Chiara , Pantaleoni Chiara , Bulgheroni Sara , Mantegazza Massimo , Franceschetti Silvana
Published: September 2009

Dravet syndrome, often caused by mutations of SCN1A‐gene, presents with prolonged clonic, generalized or unilateral seizures often occurring with fever during the first year of life, followed by usually severe epilepsy. The EEG, normal at the outset, later shows generalized and focal epileptic activities. The psychomotor development deteriorates, but little is known about the time course of the cognitive impairment and its relationship with seizures severity. We describe here the progressive neurocognitive decline in two children (one male), carrying de novo SCN1A truncating mutations and presenting with different epileptic phenotypes. The children were longitudinally assessed from the ages of 11 and 23 months until the age of 7 and 8 years, using the same scales to measure the developmental competence in various domains. Both had seizures during the first year of life, unilateral clonic in one and myoclonic in the other, but the subsequent epilepsy severity and the characteristics of the EEG diverged. One child had drug‐resistant but rare generalized seizures and isolated EEG spike‐wave paroxysms, while the other developed extremely frequent clusters of polymorphic seizures and generalized plus multifocal EEG epileptic activities. MRI was normal in both. A clear developmental delay begun before the age of 2 years in both children and the cognitive profile continued to worse, with some differences between different domains, irrespectively to the different course of their epileptic histories. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that SCN1A‐mutations can be responsible not only for epilepsy, but also for early and progressive severe mental impairment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanoclay distribution and its influence on the mechanical properties of rubber blends
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Abhijit , Thakur Varun , Pradhan Sudip , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: September 2009

The distribution of modified and unmodified nanoclays inside the rubber phases of immiscible rubber–rubber blends composed of nonpolar–polar natural rubber (NR)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and nonpolar–nonpolar NR/polybutadiene rubber (BR) was investigated for the first time. The distribution of clays at various loadings in the blends was calculated from the viscoelastic properties of the blends. For example, in the 50 : 50 NR/ENR blend, 42% Cloisite 30B migrated to the NR phase, and 58% went to the ENR phase. However, in the same blend, only 7% Cloisite Na+ was found in the NR phase, and 93% was found in the ENR phase. Again, in the 50 : 50 NR/BR blends, the NR phase contained 85% Cloisite 30B, whereas 55% Cloisite Na+ migrated to the NR phase. All these observations were explained with the help of viscosity, X‐ray diffraction, and morphology analyses. The effect of the distribution of the clay on the mechanical properties was also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The K‐z diagram of FIRST radio sources identified in the Boötes and Cetus fields
Authors: El Bouchefry K.
Published: September 2009

This paper presents the Hubble diagram (K‐z relation) for FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at 20 cm) radio sources identified in the Boötes and Cetus fields. The correlation between the K magnitude of the FIRST‐NDWFS sample and the photometric redshifts found to be linear. The dispersion about the best fit line is given by 1.53 for the whole sample and 0.75 at z > 1. The paper also presents a composite K‐z diagram of FIRST radio sources and low‐frequency selected radio samples with progressively fainter flux‐density limits (3CRR, 6C, 7CRS and the EIS‐NVSS sample). The majority of FIRST radio sources lie fainter than the no evolution curve (3 L* galaxies) probably highlighting the fact that the galaxy luminosity is correlated with the radio power (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Cepheid impostor HD 18391 and its anonymous parent cluster
Authors: Turner D.G. , Kovtyukh V.V. , Majaess D.J. , Lane D.J. , Moncrieff K.E.
Published: September 2009

New and existing photometry for the G0 Ia supergiant HD 18391 is analyzed in order to confirm the nature of the variability previously detected in the star, which lies off the hot edge of the Cepheid instability strip. Small‐amplitude variability at a level of δV = 0.016 ± 0.002 is indicated, with a period of P = 123d.04 ± 0d.06. A weaker second signal may be present at P = 177d.84 ± 0d.18 with δV = 0.007 ± 0.002, likely corresponding to fundamental mode pulsation if the primary signal represents overtone pulsation (123.04/177.84 = 0.69). The star, with a spectroscopic reddening of EB–V = 1.02 ± 0.003, is associated with heavily‐reddened B‐type stars in its immediate vicinity that appear to be outlying members of an anonymous young cluster centered ∼10′ to the west and 1661 ± 73 pc distant. The cluster has nuclear and coronal radii of rn = 3.5′ and Rc = 14′, respectively, while the parameters for HD 18391 derived from membership in the cluster with its outlying B stars are consistent with those implied by its Cepheid‐like pulsation, provided that it follows the semi‐period‐luminosity relation expected of such objects. Its inferred luminosity as a cluster member is MV = –7.76 ± 0.10, its age (9 ± 1) × 106 years, and its evolutionary mass ∼19 M⊙. HD 18391 is not a classical Cepheid, yet it follows the Cepheid period‐luminosity relation closely, much like another Cepheid impostor, V810 Cen (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Velocity curve analysis of the spectroscopic binary stars RZ Cas, CC Cas, HS Her, HD 93917, V921 Her and Y Cygni by the artificial neural networks
Authors: Karami K. , Ghaderi K. , Mohebi R. , Soltanzadeh M.M.
Published: September 2009

We use an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to derive the orbital parameters ofspectroscopic binary stars. Using measured radial velocity data of six double‐lined spectroscopic binary systems RZ Cas, CC Cas, HS Her, HD 93917, V921 Her and Y Cygni, we find corresponding orbital and spectroscopic elements. Our numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained by others using more traditional methods (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Foreground removal from Planck Sky Model temperature maps using a MLP neural network
Authors: Nørgaard‐Nielsen H.U. , Hebert K.
Published: September 2009

Unfortunately, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is contaminated by emission originating in the Milky Way (synchrotron, free‐free and dust emission). Since the cosmological information is statistically in nature, it is essential to remove this foreground emission and leave the CMB with no systematic errors. To demonstrate the feasibility of a simple multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network for extracting the CMB temperature signal, we have analyzed a specific data set, namely the Planck Sky Model maps, developed for evaluation of different component separation methods before including them in the Planck data analysis pipeline. It is found that a MLP neural network can provide a CMB map of about 80 % of the sky to a very high degree uncorrelated with the foreground components. Also the derived power spectrum shows little evidence for systematic errors (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Potsdam plates of the Carte du Ciel project: I. Present inventory and plate catalogue
Authors: Tsvetkova K. , Tsvetkov M. , Böhm P. , Steinmetz M. , Dick W.R.
Published: September 2009

We present an inventory ofthe Carte du Ciel (CdC) plates stored in the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam. The Potsdam CdC zone (+32° to +39°) was divided into 1232 areas and about 2200 plates from the first and second epochs were obtained within the framework of the CdC project. At present, only 977 plates (45% of all) are stored in AIP, the others got lost during the Second World War. The plates for the first epoch measurements had been obtained during the period 1893 May– 1900 February. The plates for the second epoch (1913 August–1924 February) can be separated into two time intervals according to the observer and the observing method used: from 1913 August till 1914 July, and from 1916 February to 1924 February. The present work aims to provide online access to the plate information, given in the plate catalogue and is the first step to online access to the plate images digitized with flatbed scanners.
Probability estimation in poker: A qualified success for unaided judgment
Authors: Liley James , Rakow Tim
Published: September 2009

Poker players make strategic decisions on the basis of imperfect information, which are informed by their assessment of the probability they will hold the best set of cards among all players at the conclusion of the hand. Exact mental calculations of this probability are impossible—therefore, players must use judgment to estimate their chances. In three studies, 69 moderately experienced poker players estimated the probability of obtaining the best cards among all players, based on the limited information that is known in the early stages of a hand. Although several of the conditions typically associated with well‐calibrated judgment did not apply, players' judgments were generally accurate. The correlation between judged and true probabilities was r > .8 for over five‐sixths of the participants, and when judgments were averaged across players and within hands this correlation was .96. Players slightly overestimated their chance of obtaining the best cards, mainly where this probability was low to moderate (<.7). Probability estimates were slightly too strongly related to the strength of the two cards that a player holds (known only to themselves), and insufficiently influenced by the number of opponents. Seemingly, players show somewhat insufficient regard for the cards that other players could be holding and the potential for opponents to acquire a strong hand. The results show that even when judgment heuristics are used to good effect in a complex probability estimation task, predictable errors can still be observed at the margins of performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of congenital cardiovascular malformations with 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms of selected cardiovascular disease–related genes
Authors: Kuehl Karen , Loffredo Christopher , Lammer Edward J. , Iovannisci David M. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: September 2009

INTRODUCTION: Clark (1996) proposed that abnormal blood flow is related to some congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVMs), particularly CCVM with obstruction to blood flow. Our hypothesis is that CCVMs may relate to genes that affect blood coagulation or flow. We studied whether polymorphisms of such genes are related to CCVMs; previous association of these SNPs to conotruncal CCVMs is described. METHODS: We assessed risk of pulmonary stenosis (PS, N = 120), atrial septal defect (ASD, N = 108), aortic stenosis (AS, N = 36), and coarctation of the aorta (CoAo, N = 64), associated with 33 candidate genes, selected for their relationship to blood flow affected by homocysteine metabolism, coagulation, cell‐cell interaction, inflammation, or blood pressure regulation. RESULTS: Effects were specific to cardiac phenotype and race. CoAo was associated with MTHFR (−667) C>T (odds ratio [OR] for TT 3.5, 95% confidence limits [CI] 1.4–8.6). AS was associated with a polymorphism of SERPINE1, G5>G4, OR = 5.6 for the homozygote with 95% CI 1.4–22.9. Unique polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of ASD and PS: NPPA 664G>A with ASD (OR of 2.4, 95%CI 1.3–4.4) and NOS3 (−690) C>T with PS (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.6–22.6 in the African American population only). For ASD, the NPPA (−664) G>A SNP there was increased risk from the variant genotype only in maternal smokers (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.0–7.2). CONCLUSIONS: Genes affecting vascular function and coagulation appear to be promising candidates for the etiology of cardiac malformations and warrant further study. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a higher power intermediate‐frequency magnetic field exposure system for in vitro studies
Authors: Fujita Atsushi , Kawahara Yoshinobu , Inoue Shuuki , Omori Hideki
Published: September 2009

In a previous article we developed an in vitro 23 kHz magnetic field (MF) exposure system that generated an MF of 532 µTrms. Using this system, the biological effects of 23 kHz MFs on cell functions have been reported. To further clarify the biological effect of intermediate‐frequency (IF) MFs and investigate the dose–response relationship in cell lines, an exposure system that generates stronger MFs is required. To meet this requirement, we developed a 6.25 mTrms MF exposure system for in vitro study. This level is 1000 times the reference level for the general public in the ICNIRP guidelines. This system provides an MF of 6.25 mTrms at 23 kHz with a uniformity within ±5%. To verify that in vitro experimental conditions are maintained, we examined the temperature, environmental MF, and MF leakage for a sham exposure system. In addition, we examined the harmonics, coil shape, and heat generated in the medium by the high‐strength MF. As a result, it was confirmed that this system can be used to evaluate the biological effects of IF MFs. This article presents the design and successful construction of the in vitro exposure system. Bioelectromagnetics 31:156–163, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rate of T alleles and TT genotype at MTHFR 677C‐>T locus or C alleles and CC genotype at MTHFR 1298A‐>C locus among healthy subjects in Turkey: impact on homocysteine and folic acid status and reference intervals
Authors: Ozarda Yesim , Sucu Derya Kaynak , Hizli Banu , Aslan Diler
Published: September 2009

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is important for folate and homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. MTHFR 677C‐>T and 1298A‐>C MTHFR are two most common mutations which can affect folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) status. This study was designed to determine the rate of MTHFR 677C‐>T and 1298A‐>C mutations, and their influence on serum folate, Hcy and vitamin B12 status and the reference intervals in 402 healthy Turkish adults. The rate of MTHFR 677C‐>T or 1298A‐>C mutations was 50.7% or 54.7%, respectively. The MTHFR 677C‐>T mutation‐specific reference intervals for serum folate and tHcy were characterized by marked shifts in their upper limits. In homozygote subjects for MTHFR 677C‐>T serum folate concentration was lower and serum tHcy concentration was higher than those in the wild genotype; all subjects had lower serum folate and 54% of the subjects had higher tHcy concentrations than the cutoff values of ≤10 nmol/L and ≥12 µmol/L, respectively. Serum vitamin B12 status was similar in all genotypes. Serum tHcy concentrations were inversely correlated with serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in all genotypes. These data show that the rate of MTHFR 677C‐>T and 1298A‐>C mutations is very high in Turks and serum folate and tHcy status are impaired by these mutations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Race, interest convergence, and transfer outcomes for black male student athletes
Authors: Harper Shaun R.
Published: September 2009

Critical Race Theory is used to consider the educational outcomes that could accrue when the interests of black male student athletes converge productively with the interests of community college administrators, faculty, and coaches.
Gender equity in two‐year athletic departments: Part I
Authors: Staurowsky Ellen J.
Published: September 2009

This chapter offers an overview of the impact of Title IX on athletics in two‐year institutions.
Conclusions and parting words from the editors
Authors: Hagedorn Linda Serra , Horton David
Published: September 2009

This final chapter of this volume takes a critical and candid look at athletics at the community college and discusses the place of athletics during the most uncertain economic times since the 1930s.
Catalysis of Hydrosilylation by Well‐Defined Surface Rhodium Siloxide Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Szubert Karol , Potrzebowski Marek J. , Kownacki Ireneusz , Maciejewski Hieronim
Published: September 2009

Surface rhodium siloxide phosphine complexes have been synthesized directly by condensation of the molecular precursor Rh(cod)(PR3)(OSiMe3) [R=Cy (1), Ph (2), iPr(3); cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene] with silanol groups on silica (Aerosil 200) and their structures have been characterized by 13C, 29Si, and 31P cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Such single‐site complexes have been tested for their activity in hydrosilylation of olefins with heptamethyltrisiloxane and poly(hydromethyl‐co‐dimethyl)siloxane. The immobilized catalysts 1–3 all retained their effectiveness even after recycling up to at least five times and mostly up to ten times. Based on the results of CP/MAS NMR measurements, a mechanism of hydrosilylation catalysis by single‐site rhodium siloxide phosphine complexes is proposed, which involves concurrent pathways of oxidative addition and replacement of phosphine by olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CeIrSb and Its Hydride CeIrSbH0.8.
Authors: Gaudin Etienne , Chevalier Bernard , Hermes Wilfried , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of RPt3‐xSi1‐y (R: Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) Studied by Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Gribanov Alexander , Grytsiv Andriy , Rogl Peter , Seropegin Yurii , Giester Gerald
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Crystal Structure and 57Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy of Sr3Sc2O5Fe2As2.
Authors: Tegel Marcus , Schellenberg Inga , Hummel Franziska , Poettgen Rainer , Johrendt Dirk
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization and Electrical Properties of NiNb2‐xTaxO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) and Some Ti‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Lopez‐Blanco M. , Amador U. , Garcia‐Alvarado F.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of 0‐D, 1‐D and 2‐D Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Borotungstates Constructed from Keggin‐Type Heteropolyanion [α‐BW12O40]5‐ and Transition‐Metal Complexes.
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Song Yiping , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Anhydrous Lanthanide‐Based Octahedral Hexanuclear Complexes.
Authors: Calvez Guillaume , Daiguebonne Carole , Guillou Olivier , Le Dret Florence
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Physical Properties of the Phosphide Telluride Zr2PTe2.
Authors: Tschulik Kristina , Ruck Michael , Binnewies Michael , Milke Edgar , Hoffmann Stefan , Schnelle Walter , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Gillessen Michael , Schmidt Peer
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nb and Ta Adducts: Connecting d0 Metal Chlorides and Phosphorus Sulfide Cages
Authors: Hoppe Diana , Schemmel Dominik , Schuetz Martin , Pfitzner Arno
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry on a Cluster Surface: Fixation/Complexation of Potassium and Ammonium Ions with Crown‐Ether‐Like Rings.
Authors: Mueller Achim , Sousa Filipa L. , Merca Alice , Boegge Hartmut , Miro Pere , Fernandez Jorge A. , Poblet Josep M. , Bo Carles
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the New Uranium Yttrium Oxysulfide UY4O3S5.
Authors: Jin Geng Bang , Choi Eun Sang , Wells Daniel M. , Ibers James A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [Hg5O2(OH)4] [(UO2)2(AsO4)2]: A Complex Mercury(II) Uranyl Arsenate.
Authors: Yu Yaqin , Jiang Kai , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Property of a New 3D Iron Phosphite: [C4N3H14] [Fe3(HPO3)4F2 (H2O)2] with Intersecting Channels.
Authors: Qiao Jian , Zhang Lirong , Yu Yang , Li Guanghua , Jiang Tianchan , Huo Qisheng , Liu Yunling
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the New Phosphate AgMnPO4.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Gaudin Etienne , Darriet Jacques
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Two Structures of the Hexafluorobenzene Radical Cation C6F6 · +
Authors: Shorafa Hashem , Mollenhauer Doreen , Paulus Beate , Seppelt Konrad
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity of Macrocyclic NHC Pd Pincer Complexes.
Authors: Watarai Noriaki , Kawasaki Hiroyasu , Azumaya Isao , Yamasaki Ryu , Saito Shinichi
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Bidentate Phosphoramidite (Me‐BIPAM) for Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Dehydroamino Esters, Enamides, and Dimethyl Itaconate.
Authors: Kurihara Kazunori , Yamamoto Yasunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Diastereoselective Addition of Triorganozincates to N‐(tert‐Butanesulfinyl)imines: Use of Catalytic Dialkylzinc.
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Amination of β‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Bromides.
Authors: Lan Quan , Wang Xisheng , He Rongjun , Ding Changhua , Maruoka Keiji
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Assembly of anti‐1,3‐Diol Units with 2‐Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter via Samarium Diiodide‐Promoted Tandem Aldol/Evans—Tishchenko Reaction.
Authors: Sun Xing‐Wen , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Intramolecularly Folded Prolinamide Dendrons: Dendrimer Effects on Stereoselectivity.
Authors: Mitsui Kazuhiko , Hyatt Sarah A. , Turner Daniel A. , Hadad Christopher M. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Tertiary Alcohols Catalyzed by Potassium Alkoxide—Crown Ether Complexes.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Suzuki Shinji , Takagi Eri , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Cascade Reactions in the Presence of Free‐Radical Diazo Initiators as Reducing Agents.
Authors: Ricardo Carolynne , Pintauer Tomislav
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Reagents Supported on Ionic Liquid: Highly Efficient Catalytic Free Radical Reduction of Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Pham Phuoc Dien , Legoupy Stephanie
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology for the Conversion of Alcohols into N‐Protected Primary Amines and in situ Deprotection.
Authors: Lamb Gareth W. , Watson Andrew J. A. , Jolley Katherine E. , Maxwell Aoife C. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Copper(II)‐Dipyridylphosphine Catalyst in the Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Simple Ketones in Air.
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Chang , Wu Yan , Yu Feng , Wu Fei‐Fei , Wu Jing , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Bromides with Alkyl or Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Someya Hidenori , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.