bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring potential strategies to enhance memory and cognition in aging mice
Authors: Bhat M Shreevatsa , M G Ramesh Babu , Dhanushkodi Anandh , Rai Prof Kiranmai S
Published: January 2024

Background Aging population is rapidly expanding worldwide, and age-related cognitive impairments prove detrimental for achieving a better productive and quality of life. Lack of effective therapies for age-related cognitive impairment focuses attention on developing preventive strategies, such as nutritional interventions, cell therapies and environmental manipulations. The objective of the present study was to explore the comparative benefits of potential memory-enhancing strategies like supplementation of choline (Ch) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or administration of human embryonic kidney stem cell conditioned media (HEK-CM) or exposure to environmental enrichment (EE), that attenuates cognitive impairments in aging mice. Methods Twelve-month-old CF1 male mice were subdivided [n=6/group] into normal aging control (NAC), saline vehicle control (SVC), Ch-DHA, EE, heat-inactivated HEK-CM (HIHEK-CM) and HEK-CM groups. Spatial working and reference memory were assessed using an eight-arm radial maze test and cognition using a novel object recognition test (NORT). Results Spatial memory and cognition were decreased in normal aging mice. Aged mice exposed to dietary Ch-DHA or HEK-CM showed significant enhancement in spatial learning tasks, memory and cognition compared to the same in age-matched NAC mice. Ch-DHA and HEK-CM treated mice committed significantly lesser reference memory errors and attained a higher percentage of correct choices in spatial learning and memory tasks. Moreover, on testing for cognition in NORT, significantly higher number of visits to the novel object was observed in Ch-DHA supplemented and HEK-CM administered aging mice whereas HEK-CM and EE mice groups showed significantly greater number of visits to familiar object, when compared to same in age-matched NAC and HIHEK-CM groups, respectively. Conclusion Supplementation of Ch-DHA and HEK-CM treatment strategies have a higher potential [~ 20—30%] for enhancing spatial learning, memory and cognition in normal aged mice, whereas exposure to EE seems to enhance only their short-term memory.
Electronic training manual "Acute poisoning with psychotropic substances"
Authors: Sentcоv Valentin , Reutov Andrei , Kuzmin Vyacheslav
Published: January 2024

The significant variety of properties and wide distribution of opiates and opioids in the modern pharmaceutical industry entail not only positive, but also negative consequences in people's lives. The constant search for new drugs entails the emergence of new substances with psychotropic effects. The widespread use of vinegar essence in the food industry, nitrogen oxides in agriculture, and the frequent appearance of carbon disulfide in everyday life create an increased risk to public health. Positional compression syndrome very often accompanies poisoning with psychotropic substances, which leads to a high risk of disability for victims or even death. This electronic educational resourse consists of seven theoretical educational modules: opioid poisoning, acute psychostimulant poisoning, vinegar essence poisoning, acute carbon monoxide poisoning, acute nitrogen oxide poisoning, acute hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide poisoning, positional compression syndrome. The theoretical block of modules is presented by presentations, the text of lectures with illustrations. Control classes in the form of test control accompany each theoretical module. After studying all modules, the student passes the final test control. Mastering the electronic educational resourse will ensure a high level of readiness to provide specialized toxicological care by doctors of various specialties.
Electronic educational resource "Ambulance and emergency medical care for mental disorders and behavioral disorders at the prehospital stage"
Authors: Bogdanov Sergey I.
Published: January 2024

The Electronic educational resource (hereinafter referred to as EER) “Basic aspects of narcology” is designed for 36 training hours. This distance learning course aims to develop communicative competence, prepare for solving standard problems of professional activity using information resources, medical and biological terminology, and is also aimed at optimizing the educational process at the university, creating conditions for achieving the required level of modern education and comprehensive development of the personality of students . The EER was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. Intended for medical school students as a material that allows future doctors to become more in-depth acquainted with the basic aspects of narcology, as well as for psychiatrists, psychiatrists-narcologists, and doctors of other specialties who, due to the specifics of their work, systematically interact with patients with drug addiction pathology. The EER was developed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, highly qualified psychiatrist-narcologist with 37 years of experience in the specialty of psychiatry-narcology. The structure of the EER is classic and includes an abstract, glossary, instructions for working with the course, brief information about the authors, a methodological block, 4 lectures in presentation format and video lectures on the following topics: “Ethanol from the birth of modern civilization to the creation of new stars”, “Alcoholism”, “General issues of addiction” and “Classification of substances and drugs that cause addiction.” To control the studied material, clinical tasks and final testing on the topic being studied are used. To receive feedback from cadets and students, there is a feedback form. A student who has mastered the program is able to possess professional competencies, including the ability to: professionally navigate issues of terminology and definitions related to the subject of the educational material; master the amount of knowledge on the mechanisms of the effects of psychoactive substances on the human body; correctly navigate the issues of modern classification of surfactants; correctly diagnose pathological conditions associated with chronic ethanol intoxication; apply distance educational technologies (DET) in professional activities; use automated information systems and knowledge bases in professional activities.
Die Kirche und der Krieg in der Ukraine
Authors: Anderwald Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Kościół a wojna na Ukrainie. Perspektywa fundamentalnoteologiczna
Wojna na Ukrainie od początku jest wyzwaniem dla Kościoła. Złożona rzeczywistość konsekwencji wojny dla ludności cywilnej jest swoistym „znakiem czasu”, który wymaga rozpoznania i oceny oraz zmusza do działania. Kościół od początku wojny angażuje się w działania na różnych płaszczyznach: od debat o prawie Ukrainy do samoobrony, poprzez modlitwy o pokój, aż po konkretną pomoc materialną. Co oznacza dla Kościoła zaangażowanie w pomoc materialną? Jak można teologicznie uzasadnić tego typu zaangażowanie? Na ile działalność charytatywna Kościoła może przyczynić się do odnowy, tak kwestionowanej współcześnie, wiarygodności Kościoła? Czy taka forma zaangażowania Kościoła może stać się znakiem współpracy ekumenicznej?
Artykuł udziela odpowiedzi na postawione pytania z perspektywy wiarygodności Kościoła. W toku rozważań najpierw zostaną ukazane teologiczne podstawy charytatywnej działalności Kościoła (1); następnie przedstawione konkretne formy wsparcia i pomocy Kościoła Diecezji Opolskiej dla ofiar wojny na Ukrainie (2); po czym zostanie dokonana analiza charytatywnego zaangażowania Kościoła jak znak wiarygodności Kościoła (3).
Natural Science – an Enemy or an Ally of Theodicy?
Authors: Dutkiewicz Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Since the emergence of modern scientific revolution two opposing trends have appeared which attempted to use the hypotheses formulated on the basis of the dynamically developing natural science. The first of them focuses not only on questioning the truths of revealed faith relying on the results of natural science but also on demonstrating the groundlessness of the conclusions reached before by purely rational reflection which indicated the existence of the Absolute Being within the framework of theodicy. In the case of the second trend, there are attempts to interpret selected scientific discoveries as a confirmation of the truths contained in supernatural Revelation, or to use them as premises on the basis of arguments proposed by theodicy. St. Thomas Aquinas who was able to combine revealed knowledge with the scientific knowledge of his time, creating their integral synthesis is frequently mentioned in this respect to justify the rightness of this aspiration. The article addresses several methodological questions which provide a more ordered approach to the aforementioned issues relying on the model proposed by the Angelic Doctor.
Concern of the Church about Emigrants from Polish Lands at the End of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Skoczylas Kazimierz
Published: January 2024

Emigration from Polish lands at the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century took place both before the First World War and after Poland regained independence in 1918. The Church cared for emigrants from all previous partitions. The subject of particular concern for Polish bishops was to provide assistance to temporary emigrants who took up temporary jobs in the countries of their emigration. The bishops strived to organize pastoral care in the countries of emigration by creating the structures of the Catholic Mission. They also issued regulations obliging diocesan clergy to deepen migrants’ spirituality both before leaving the country and after coming back. Associations established in Poland and in the host countries were also involved in taking care of the emigrants.
Unhealthy competition among Radio Stations and the fight to keep-up with broadcast ethical standard: An assessment of Imo State Radio broadcast journalists
Authors: Anele Miracle Chukwuemeka , Etumnu Emeka Williams , Okalla Fabian , Ogu Clinton Chukwuma
Published: January 2024

This study assessed the influence of unhealthy competition among radio stations in Imo State and how it affects their adherence to broadcast ethical standards. This study was anchored on the Social Responsibility Theory. This study employed a mixed-methods research design that made use of a survey and an in-depth interview. The population of the study comprised 180 NUJ members in Imo State. The instruments for data collection were the questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Findings showed that station owners and their journalists understand the ethical codes of their profession. At an average mean of 2.8 radio stations in Owerri, they can uphold the ethical standard of their profession by creating a sustainable image before their listeners, sticking strictly to the NBC and NUJ ethical codes and the punishment of defaulting journalists in their station, taking personal decisions, and sticking by them to be the best change they want to see in the world even as they do their day-to-day work. It was concluded that the establishment of more radio stations in Imo State makes existing radio stations struggle in their fight to keep up with NBC ethical standards, even as they are confronted with competing radio stations here and there. The researchers recommend that station owners and their staff should be up in their game to be unique, irrespective of other radio stations coming to join them for the same or similar clients and profits. This will go a long way toward making their staff formidable to face the worst of situations.
influence of frequency social media use on the level FOMO teenagers in social media era
Authors: Anjani Sefylia , Widyatama Rendra
Published: January 2024

In this era of social media, fear of missing out (FOMO) is a common phenomenon that occurs in society, including adolescents. FOMO is a psychological phenomenon in the form of anxiety and a sense of being left behind from social activities that develop in society. FOMO can become a psychological problem if it is excessive or persistent. Some experts argue that FOMO is not related to gender but rather to personal characteristics and other causes, including the frequency of social media use that has become an integral part of people's lives. This study investigates the influence of the frequency of social media use on the level of FOMO in adolescents in the social media era. The study used a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires to adolescents actively using social media. Researchers sent questionnaires online to respondents with the inclusion criteria of men and women actively using social media and willing to be research respondents. There were 300 respondents involved in this study. Based on the t-test statistical analysis with a significant level of 0.05, the researcher concluded that the frequency of social media use has an influence on FOMO. The results of this study are significant findings related to FOMO studies that are useful for various interests, especially for adolescent education, to prevent the negative impact of FOMO in the form of stress and emotional disorders.
Highlighting the latest research: January 2024
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane , Cowan Helen
Published: January 2024

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing, while Helen Cowan explores their application to practice. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected and highlight their relevance to cardiac nursing practice. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Genetic selection to reduce lameness in dairy cattle
Authors: Barden Matthew , Berry Donagh P , Winters Marco , Oikonomou George
Published: January 2024

The high prevalence of lameness in dairy cattle is a critical issue for the industry. Despite having a low heritability, considerable genetic variability is associated with the risk of lameness; therefore, genetic selection can be used to complement management-based approaches to reduce lameness in dairy herds. The Lameness Advantage genetic index, available for all recorded and evaluated dairy animals in the UK, is an estimate of an animal's genetic predisposition to lameness. It has been shown that cows with higher Lameness Advantage values had a reduced incidence of sole lesions, digital dermatitis, and lameness; therefore, breeding to increase the average Lameness Advantage value of a herd could be beneficial. This can be readily achieved by breeding replacements from bulls with a Lameness Advantage value that is above the herd average; this is a low-cost and effective strategy that all farms could implement almost immediately to improve foot health. It is important to ensure a balanced approach to genetic selection by first selecting the parents of the next generation on their overall profitability index (eg £PLI, £SCI or £ACI), followed by secondary selection criteria to address specific breeding goals.
Exploring poverty heterogeneity between older old and younger old: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Ha Taiwon
Published: January 2024

Despite their significant dedication to the remarkable economic growth, the poverty rate of older adults in Korea remains the highest among developed economies. This study utilises the Shapley decomposition to analyse the effects of socio-economic changes and recently developed welfare system on poverty heterogeneity between older old and younger old. The findings indicate that the poverty rate for younger old improved from 47.9 per cent in 2003 to 32.3 per cent in 2020, whereas the rate for older old increased from 49.8 per cent to 60.1 per cent. Specifically, the contribution-based public pension presented smaller anti-poverty effects on older old than younger old, because it was implemented later, therefore, older old could not accumulate adequate contribution periods. In addition, means-tested benefits had limited effects in reducing the poverty risk for the two old groups, as they are not well-targeted and provide insufficient benefits. Furthermore, older Korean adults are compelled to participate in the labour market to make ends meet, and earned income significantly mitigated the poverty risk of younger old. Based on these findings, this article argues that the government needs to implement more inclusive fiscal measures to alleviate the poverty threat of older old.
NCLB Alternate Assessment Policies and Postschool Employment Outcomes for Individuals With Significant Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Shepley Collin , Waddington R. Joseph
Published: January 2024

The participation of students with significant cognitive disabilities in accountability assessments aligned with general education standards is a heavily debated topic in the field of special education. Attempts to understand the impact of these assessments have generally been limited to correlational methods. We employed a difference-in-differences approach using select waves of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 dataset to estimate the impact of alternate assessment policies from the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 on the employment outcomes of individuals with significant cognitive disabilities. Our hypothesis was that these policies would produce a detrimental effect. Analyses suggested that alternate assessment policies resulted in descriptively positive employment outcomes, yet estimates were highly imprecise, which yields a complicated picture requiring more research.
Factors That Influence the Tenure of Direct Support Professionals in New York State Provider Agencies
Authors: Mir Hirah A. , Liu Qingyang , Rosca Oxana , Blakeslee Emily
Published: January 2024

The New York State Office for People With Developmental Disabilities seeks to better understand the direct support professional (DSP) workforce and offer data-informed strategies for DSP retention. We used the 2018 NCI-IDD Staff Stability Survey (now called State of the Workforce Survey) to investigate agency-level factors influencing DSP tenure. A total 303 provider agencies completed the survey in New York State, representing 72,252 DSPs. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that selected agency-level variables explained 12.6% of the variance in DSP tenure, R2 = .16, Radj2 = .126, F (11, 260) = 4.54, p < .05. This study yielded strong empirical evidence consistent with existing national reports and research on the role that wages, benefits, and supervisory support play on DSP tenure.
Employment Interventions for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Delphi Study of Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Schall Carol , Avellone Lauren , Wehman Paul
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the social validity of five different evidence-based and emerging pathways to employment (i.e., supported employment, customized employment, internships, apprenticeships, and postsecondary education) from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. A Delphi method was used to determine whether stakeholders are in consensus regarding the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, efficacy, and the cost-benefit ratio of these interventions. Findings indicated that all pathways were deemed socially valid via stakeholder consensus except for apprenticeships, which could not be determined as a result of limited stakeholder knowledge and experience with the pathway. Future efforts to improve employment outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) should focus on better training for service providers and increased access to services.
Instructional Content and Self-Determination in Individualized Education Program Annual Goals for Students With Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Burke Kathryn M. , Kurth Jennifer A. , Shogren Karrie A. , Hagiwara Mayumi , Raley Sheida K. , Ruppar Andrea L.
Published: January 2024

Under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, individualized education program (IEP) annual goals are required to enable students with disabilities to be involved in and make progress in the general education curriculum and to address other educational needs. This study reports findings from a content analysis of the annual goals in 88 IEPs for K–12 students with extensive support needs. Results reflect a lack of comprehensive academic content goals to promote involvement and progress in the general education curriculum, and limited opportunities for students to develop skills associated with self-determination. Findings also show a focus within goals on student compliance rather than the development of meaningful skills and knowledge. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for dynamic STED imaging of mitochondria
Authors: Gao Xinwei , Cai Songtao , Wang Luwei , Guo Yong , Liu Liwei , Weng Xiaoyu , Huang Kun , Yan Wei , Qu Junle
Published: January 2024

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy holds tremendous potential and practical implications in the field of biomedicine. However, the weak anti-bleaching performance remains a major challenge limiting the application of STED fluorescent probes. Meanwhile, the main excitation wavelengths of most reported STED fluorescent probes were below 500 nm or above 600 nm, and few of them were between 500-600 nm. Herein, we developed a new tetraphenyl ethylene-functionalized rhodamine dye (TPERh) for mitochondrial dynamic cristae imaging that was rhodamine-based with an excitation wavelength of 560 nm. The TPERh probe exhibits excellent anti-bleaching properties and low saturating stimulated radiation power in mitochondrial STED super-resolution imaging. Given these outstanding properties, the TPERh probe was used to measure mitochondrial deformation, which has positive implications for the study of mitochondria-related diseases.
Fast and scalable all-optical network architecture for distributed deep learning
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Yuan Guojun , Wang Zhan , Tan Guangming , Zhang Peiheng , Rouskas George N.
Published: January 2024

With the ever-increasing size of training models and datasets, network communication has emerged as a major bottleneck in distributed deep learning training. To address this challenge, we propose an optical distributed deep learning (ODDL) architecture. ODDL utilizes a fast yet scalable all-optical network architecture to accelerate distributed training. One of the key features of the architecture is its flow-based transmit scheduling with fast reconfiguration. This allows ODDL to allocate dedicated optical paths for each traffic stream dynamically, resulting in low network latency and high network utilization. Additionally, ODDL provides physically isolated and tailored network resources for training tasks by reconfiguring the optical switch using LCoS-WSS technology. The ODDL topology also uses tunable transceivers to adapt to time-varying traffic patterns. To achieve accurate and fine-grained scheduling of optical circuits, we propose an efficient distributed control scheme that incurs minimal delay overhead. Our evaluation on real-world traces showcases ODDL’s remarkable performance. When implemented with 1024 nodes and 100 Gbps bandwidth, ODDL accelerates VGG19 training by 1.6× and 1.7× compared to conventional fat-tree electrical networks and photonic SiP-Ring architectures, respectively. We further build a four-node testbed, and our experiments show that ODDL can achieve comparable training time compared to that of an ideal electrical switching network.
Noise resistance: a key factor in the metrological applications of highly entangled multiqubit states
Authors: Mishref Esraa , El-Tawargy Ahmed , Ramadan Wael , Nawareg Mohamed
Published: January 2024

The advent of quantum entanglement has revolutionized metrology, enabling the development of ultra-precise measurement techniques that surpass the limitations of classical systems. However, the delicate nature of entangled states makes them vulnerable to various noise sources, significantly impeding their metrological utility. To address this challenge, we delve into the intricate relationship between noise and the metrological usefulness of highly entangled multiqubit systems. By studying the impact of various factors, we aim to unravel the fundamental limits of quantum metrology and devise strategies to enhance the resilience of quantum systems against noise. Our investigation reveals that increasing the number of qubits in an entangled state can significantly enhance its noise robustness, particularly for certain entangled states. Furthermore, we uncover the surprising advantage of utilizing different local operators, surpassing the robustness offered by the conventional identical-operator approach. Additionally, by employing a technique that utilizes multiple copies of the quantum state, we identified many states with latent metrological usefulness and demonstrated their hidden noise robustness. While these strategies significantly enhance the robustness of many studied states, it is crucial to note that generalizations may not apply universally. Therefore, validating these findings for each specific state is essential before practical implementation. Our findings proved that by rigorously assessing noise susceptibility and adopting appropriate strategies, we can achieve substantial gains in precision and noise robustness. This paves the way for the development of more robust and reliable quantum metrological techniques, offering valuable insights across a wide range of applications, from fundamental physics to cutting-edge technologies like quantum computing, sensing, and communication.
Multi-node wearable optical sensor based on microfiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Lu Ruyi , Yue Xu , Yang Qiaochu , Song Enlai , Peng Bo , Ran Yang
Published: January 2024

Flexibly wearable sensors are widely applied in health monitoring and personalized therapy. Multiple-node sensing is essential for mastering the health condition holistically. In this work, we report a multi-node wearable optical sensor (MNWOS) based on the cascade of microfiber Bragg gratings (µFBG), which features the reflective operation mode and ultra-compact size, facilitating the functional integration in a flexible substrate pad. The MNWOS can realize multipoint monitoring on physical variables, such as temperature and pressure, in both static and dynamic modes. Furthermore, the eccentric package configuration endows the MNWOS with the discernibility of bending direction in addition to the bending angle sensing. The multi-parameter sensing is realized by solving the sensing matrix that represents different sensitivity regarding the bending and temperature between FBGs. The MNWOS offers great prospect for the development of human-machine interfaces and medical and health detection.
Intermodal phase and group velocity matching for frequency tripling and doubly phase matched cascaded wave mixing in high index contrast double-clad optical fibers
Authors: Tishchenko Artemii , Berghmans Francis , Baghdasaryan Tigran
Published: January 2024

Frequency conversion in glass optical fibers requires both phase and group velocity matching between the pump and the higher harmonic when working with short pulses. We show that phase and group velocities can be matched simultaneously for third order nonlinear processes, by considering that the third harmonic propagates in the higher order azimuthally symmetric LP03-mode. Moreover, the pump and frequency tripled signals can form an intermodal two-color pump to trigger a cascaded wave mixing process, which generates the second harmonic LP01-mode. This opens avenues for second harmonic generation without need for a second order nonlinearity in the optical fiber.
Neural-network-based end-to-end learning for adaptive optimization of two-dimensional signal generation in UVLC systems
Authors: Jin Ruizhe , Wei Yuan , Zhang Junwen , Shi Jianyang , Chi Nan
Published: January 2024

Visible light communication (VLC) benefits from the underwater blue-green window and holds immense potential for underwater wireless communication. In order to address the limitations of various equipment and harsh channel conditions in the underwater visible light communication (UVLC) system, the researchers proposed to use the method of autoencoder (AE) to tap the potential of the system. However, traditional AE schemes involve replacing the transmitting and receiving components of a communication system with a large multilayer perceptron (MLP) network, and they have significant drawbacks due to their reliance on a single network structure. In this paper, a novel 2D adaptive optimization autoencoder (2D-AOAE) framework is proposed to realize adaptive modulation and demodulation of two-dimensional signals. By implementing this scheme, we experimentally achieved a transmission rate of 2.85 Gbps over a 1.2-meter underwater VLC link. Compared to the traditional 32QAM UVLC system, the 2D-AOAE scheme demonstrated a 15.4% data rate increase. Moreover, the 2D-AOAE scheme exhibited a remarkable 73% improvement when compared to the UVLC system utilizing the traditional AE scheme. This significant enhancement highlights the superior performance and capabilities of the 2D-AOAE scheme in terms of transmission rate.
Experimental study of laser spot tracking for underwater optical wireless communication
Authors: Chen Danyang , Li Zhao , Wang Jianping , Lu Huimin , Hao Rui , Fan Kai , Jin Jianli , Wang Qingxuan , Wu Shuai
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a novel laser spot tracking algorithm that incorporates the Kalman filter with the continuously adaptive Meanshift algorithm (Cam-Kalm) is proposed and employed in an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. Since the Kalman filter has the advantage of predicting the state information of the target spot based on its spatial motion features, the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and stability of the moving laser spot tracking. A 2 m optical wireless communication experimental system with auto-tracking based on a green laser diode (LD) is built to evaluate the tracking performance of different algorithms. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional tracking algorithms in aspects of tracking accuracy, interference resistance, and response time. With the proposed Cam-Kalm algorithm, the experimental system can establish an effective communication link, while the maximum tracking speed is 20 mm/s given the forward-error-correction (FEC) threshold.
Bright solitons in a spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped within a double-lattice
Authors: Wang Qi , Qin Jieli , Zhao Junjie , Qin Lu , Zhang Yingying , Feng Xuejing , Zhou Lu , Yang Chunjie , Zhou Yanfen , Zhu Zunlue , Liu Wuming , Zhao Xingdong
Published: January 2024

By effectively controlling the dipole-dipole interaction, we investigate the characteristics of the ground state of bright solitons in a spin-orbit coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. The dipolar atoms are trapped within a double-lattice which consists of a linear and a nonlinear lattice. We derive the motion equations of the different spin components, taking the controlling mechanisms of the dipole-dipole interaction into account. An analytical expression of dipole-dipole interaction is derived. By adjusting the dipole polarization angle, the dipole interaction can be adjusted from attraction to repulsion. On this basis, we study the generation and manipulation of the bright solitons using both the analytical variational method and numerical imaginary time evolution. The stability of the bright solitons is also analyzed and we map out the stability phase diagram. By adjusting the long-range dipole-dipole interaction, one can achieve manipulation of bright solitons in all aspects, including the existence, width, nodes, and stability. Considering the complexity of our system, our results will have enormous potential applications in quantum simulation of complex systems.
Three-dimensional quantum imaging of dynamic targets using quantum compressed sensing
Authors: Yang Liu , Hu Jianyong , Niu Hongqi , Wu Shuxiao , Qiao Zhixing , Feng Guosheng , Yang Changgang , Zhang Guofeng , Qin Chengbing , Chen Ruiyun , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: January 2024

Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources exhibits enhanced background resistance compared to conventional imaging techniques in low-light conditions. However, direct imaging of dynamic targets remains challenging due to the limited count rate of entangled photons. In this paper, we propose a quantum imaging method based on quantum compressed sensing that leverages the strong correlation characteristics of entangled photons and the randomness inherent in photon pair generation and detection. This approach enables the construction of a compressed sensing system capable of directly imaging high-speed dynamic targets. The results demonstrate that our system successfully achieves imaging of a target rotating at a frequency of 10 kHz, while maintaining an impressive data compression rate of 10−6. This proposed method introduces a pioneering approach for the practical implementation of quantum imaging in real-world scenarios.
All-optical spin valve effect in nonlinear optics
Authors: Izhak Shani , Karnieli Aviv , Yesharim Ofir , Tsesses Shai , Arie Ady
Published: January 2024

More than three decades after the inception of electron spin-based information encoding inspired by nonlinear electro-optic devices, we present a complementary approach: nonlinear optical devices directly inspired by spintronics. We theoretically propose an all-optical spin-valve device and a spin-dependent beam splitter, where the optical pseudospin is a superposition of signal and idler beams undergoing a sum-frequency generation process inside a 2D nonlinear photonic crystal. We delve into the operation of these devices, examining key properties such as the transmission angle and splitting ratio, optically controlled by the pump beam. Our findings open new avenues for both classical and quantum optical information processing in the frequency domain.
The Rotation of Reference Frame Dependent Polarimetric Variables for Equidistant Fisheye Lens Projections
Authors: Blocker E. , Voss Kenneth
Published: January 2024

The effect of a linear polarizer is conventionally well defined when viewed along the axis normal to its face. However, even for ideal linear polarizers, the non-normal viewing geometries attainable with wide-angle lenses require further considerations. A method to describe the polarization state of light passed through a linear polarizer and observed with an equidistant fisheye lens is described.
The representation of priors and decisions in the human parietal cortex
Authors: Marshall Tom R. , Ruesseler Maria , Hunt Laurence T. , O’Reilly Jill X.
Published: January 2024

Animals actively sample their environment through orienting actions such as saccadic eye movements. Saccadic targets are selected based both on sensory evidence immediately preceding the saccade, and a “salience map” or prior built-up over multiple saccades. In the primate cortex, the selection of each individual saccade depends on competition between target-selective cells that ramp up their firing rate to saccade release. However, it is less clear how a cross-saccade prior might be implemented, either in neural firing or through an activity-silent mechanism such as modification of synaptic weights on sensory inputs. Here, we present evidence from magnetoencephalography for 2 distinct processes underlying the selection of the current saccade, and the representation of the prior, in human parietal cortex. While the classic ramping decision process for each saccade was reflected in neural firing rates (measured in the event-related field), a prior built-up over multiple saccades was implemented via modulation of the gain on sensory inputs from the preferred target, as evidenced by rapid frequency tagging. A cascade of computations over time (initial representation of the prior, followed by evidence accumulation and then an integration of prior and evidence) provides a mechanism by which a salience map may be built up across saccades in parietal cortex. It also provides insight into the apparent contradiction that inactivation of parietal cortex has been shown not to affect performance on single-trials, despite the presence of clear evidence accumulation signals in this region.
Estimation of introduction and transmission rates of SARS-CoV-2 in a prospective household study
Authors: van Boven Michiel , van Dorp Christiaan H. , Westerhof Ilse , Jaddoe Vincent , Heuvelman Valerie , Duijts Liesbeth , Fourie Elandri , Sluiter-Post Judith , van Houten Marlies A. , Badoux Paul , Euser Sjoerd , Herpers Bjorn , Eggink Dirk , de Hoog Marieke , Boom Trisja , Wildenbeest Joanne , Bont Louis , Rozhnova Ganna , Bonten Marc J. , Kretzschmar Mirjam E. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia
Published: January 2024

Household studies provide an efficient means to study transmission of infectious diseases, enabling estimation of susceptibility and infectivity by person-type. A main inclusion criterion in such studies is usually the presence of an infected person. This precludes estimation of the hazards of pathogen introduction into the household. Here we estimate age- and time-dependent household introduction hazards together with within household transmission rates using data from a prospective household-based study in the Netherlands. A total of 307 households containing 1,209 persons were included from August 2020 until March 2021. Follow-up of households took place between August 2020 and August 2021 with maximal follow-up per household mostly limited to 161 days. Almost 1 out of 5 households (59/307) had evidence of an introduction of SARS-CoV-2. We estimate introduction hazards and within-household transmission rates in our study population with penalized splines and stochastic epidemic models, respectively. The estimated hazard of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the households was lower for children (0-12 years) than for adults (relative hazard: 0.62; 95%CrI: 0.34-1.0). Estimated introduction hazards peaked in mid October 2020, mid December 2020, and mid April 2021, preceding peaks in hospital admissions by 1-2 weeks. Best fitting transmission models included increased infectivity of children relative to adults and adolescents, such that the estimated child-to-child transmission probability (0.62; 95%CrI: 0.40-0.81) was considerably higher than the adult-to-adult transmission probability (0.12; 95%CrI: 0.057-0.19). Scenario analyses indicate that vaccination of adults can strongly reduce household infection attack rates and that adding adolescent vaccination offers limited added benefit.
Precise coordination between nutrient transporters ensures fertility in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Stryapunina Iryna , Itoe Maurice A. , Trinh Queenie , Vidoudez Charles , Du Esrah , Mendoza Lydia , Hulai Oleksandr , Kauffman Jamie , Carew John , Shaw W. Robert , Catteruccia Flaminia
Published: January 2024

Females from many mosquito species feed on blood to acquire nutrients for egg development. The oogenetic cycle has been characterized in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti, where after a bloodmeal, the lipid transporter lipophorin (Lp) shuttles lipids from the midgut and fat body to the ovaries, and a yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg), is deposited into the oocyte by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Our understanding of how the roles of these two nutrient transporters are mutually coordinated is however limited in this and other mosquito species. Here, we demonstrate that in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, Lp and Vg are reciprocally regulated in a timely manner to optimize egg development and ensure fertility. Defective lipid transport via Lp knockdown triggers abortive ovarian follicle development, leading to misregulation of Vg and aberrant yolk granules. Conversely, depletion of Vg causes an upregulation of Lp in the fat body in a manner that appears to be at least partially dependent on target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, resulting in excess lipid accumulation in the developing follicles. Embryos deposited by Vg-depleted mothers are completely inviable, and are arrested early during development, likely due to severely reduced amino acid levels and protein synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that the mutual regulation of these two nutrient transporters is essential to safeguard fertility by ensuring correct nutrient balance in the developing oocyte, and validate Vg and Lp as two potential candidates for mosquito control.
3 directional Inception-ResUNet: Deep spatial feature learning for multichannel singing voice separation with distortion
Authors: Wang DaDong , Wang Jie , Sun MingChen
Published: January 2024

Singing voice separation on robots faces the problem of interpreting ambiguous auditory signals. The acoustic signal, which the humanoid robot perceives through its onboard microphones, is a mixture of singing voice, music, and noise, with distortion, attenuation, and reverberation. In this paper, we used the 3D Inception-ResUNet structure in the U-shaped encoding and decoding network to improve the utilization of the spatial and spectral information of the spectrogram. Multiobjectives were used to train the model: magnitude consistency loss, phase consistency loss, and magnitude correlation consistency loss. We recorded the singing voice and accompaniment derived from the MIR-1K dataset with NAO robots and synthesized the 10-channel dataset for training the model. The experimental results show that the proposed model trained by multiple objectives reaches an average NSDR of 11.55 dB on the test dataset, which outperforms the comparison model.
Impact of fecal sample preservation and handling techniques on the canine fecal microbiota profile
Authors: Chiu Olivia , Gomez Diego E. , Obrego Dasiel , Dunfield Kari , MacNicol Jennifer L. , Liversidge Brooklynn , Verbrugghe Adronie
Published: January 2024

Canine fecal microbiota profiling provides insight into host health and disease. Standardization of methods for fecal sample storage for microbiomics is currently inconclusive, however. This study investigated the effects of homogenization, the preservative RNAlater, room temperature exposure duration, and short-term storage in the fridge prior to freezing on the canine fecal microbiota profile. Within 15 minutes after voiding, samples were left non-homogenized or homogenized and aliquoted, then kept at room temperature (20–22°C) for 0.5, 4, 8, or 24 hours. Homogenized aliquots then had RNAlater added or not. Following room temperature exposure, all aliquots were stored in the fridge (4°C) for 24 hours prior to storing in the freezer (-20°C), or stored directly in the freezer. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, then sequencing were completed on all samples. Alpha diversity (diversity, evenness, and richness), and beta diversity (community membership and structure), and relative abundances of bacterial genera were compared between treatments. Homogenization and RNAlater minimized changes in the microbial communities over time, although minor changes in relative abundances occurred. Non-homogenized samples had more inter-sample variability and greater changes in beta diversity than homogenized samples. Storage of canine fecal samples in the fridge for 24 h prior to storage in the freezer had little effect on the fecal microbiota profile. Our findings suggest that if immediate analysis of fecal samples is not possible, samples should at least be homogenized to preserve the existing microbiota profile.
How to use BAPV to alleviate the urban heat island effect: An evolutionary game perspective
Authors: Fu Hongliang , Fu Linye , Xie Haoyu , Tian Xuyi
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the phenomenon of the urban heat island caused by the rapid development of cities is very serious. To solve the problem of the urban heat island, this study proposed a PPP project consisting of the government (GOVT), photovoltaic investment company (PVIC), and residential customers (RS). Based on an evolutionary game model and combined with current policies and industry regulations in China, the evolution process and stable evolution strategies were studied. The result shows that more government subsidies, higher carbon trading prices, and feed-in tariffs will promote the development of the PPP project. For relatively suitable reference value ranges, the installation tilt angle of the BAPV system is 30°, the photovoltaic grid electricity price is 0.1096∼0.1296 $/kWh, the carbon trading is 8.92∼9.42 $/t.
Systematic review protocol for complications following surgical decompression of degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Mohammadi Esmaeil , Khan Ali Fahim , Villeneuve Lance M. , Hameed Sanaa , Haynes Grace , Muhammad Fauziyya , Smith Zachary A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of cervical spine and sources of cord dysfunction in adults. It usually manifests with neurologic presentations such as loss of dexterity and gait issues. Treatment for moderate and severe cases of DCM is surgical decompression of the region. There are many approaches available for surgical intervention which could be categorized into anterior and posterior based on the side of neck where operation takes place. Additionally, for certain cases the hybridized anterior-posterior combined surgery is indicated. While there are many technical differences between these approaches with each having its own advantages, the complications and safety profiles of them are not fully disclosed. This protocol aims to systematically search for current reports on complications of surgical decompression methods of DCM and pool them for robust evidence generation.

Method

Search will be carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for retrospective and prospective surgical series, cohorts, or trials being performed for DCM with at least a sample size of 20 patients. Query strings will be designed to capture reports with details of complications with no year limit. Studies not being original (e.g., review articles, case reports, etc.), not in English, having patients younger than 18-years-old, and not reporting at least one complication will be excluded. Two independent reviewers will review the titles and abstracts for first round of screening. Full text of retrieved studies from previous round will be screened again by the same reviewers. In case of discrepancy, the third senior reviewer will be consulted. Eligible studies will then be examined for data extraction where data will be recorded into standardized form. Cumulative incidence and 95% confidence intervals of complication will be then pooled based on generalized linear mixed models with consideration of approach of surgery as subgroups. Heterogeneity tests will be performed for assessment of risk of bias.

Discussion

This systematic review is aimed at providing practical information for spine surgeons on the rates of complications of different surgical approaches of DCM decompression. Proper decision-making regarding the surgical approach in addition to informing patients could be facilitated through results of this investigation.