bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternancia Escolar: un reto para garantizar la salud y la vida de la comunidad educativa
Authors: Oróstegui Arenas Myriam , Bautista Lorenzo Leonelo Enrique , Martínez- Vega Ruth Aralí , Sosa Ávila Luis Miguel , Vera Cala Lina María , Rodríguez Villamizar Laura Andrea , Herrera Galindo Víctor Mauricio
Published: May 2021

La inesperada llegada de la pandemia, enfrentó a todo el mundo a cambios drásticos en la forma de vida que se disfrutaba en épocas de normalidad, obligando a la población a diferentes tipos de confinamientos. Estos trajeron consigo el cierre de casi todos los sectores y en consecuencia la interrupción de muchos servicios esenciales, como las intervenciones en el sector educativo. Muchas de estas intervenciones estaban dirigidas, además de a la educación misma, a brindar protección a los escolares, detectar condiciones de riesgo de violencia intrafamiliar, maltrato y trabajo infantil, suministrar raciones alimenticias, vigilar el cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación y a evitar la deserción escolar, entre otras. Aunque los escolares no son el grupo más afectado por COVID-19, un reciente estudio de UNICEF realizado en 87 países revela que, en noviembre de 2020, los niños y los adolescentes representaron el 11% del total de infecciones1, mientras que, en Colombia, la proporción de casos pediátricos (menores de 18 años) se estima entre 7-8% y representan el 0.025% del total de fallecimientos2. Aunque se ha reportado que el riesgo de infección en escolares es menor que el del personal docente y administrativo en instituciones de educación, esta discrepancia pudiera estar sobreestimada debido a una menor probabilidad de detección considerando el curso predominantemente asintomático de la infección en niños. Sin embargo, COVID-19 puede ser una enfermedad severa en los menores, contribuyendo no solo al número de ingresos a unidades de cuidados intensivo sino al de casos fatales3. En términos de la transmisión, un estudio conducido en población infantil evidenció que esta ocurre con mayor frecuencia en el entorno familiar, relacionándose directamente con el estadio de enfermedad del caso índice: comparados con casos asintomáticos aquellos en etapa pre sintomática fueron responsables del doble de casos secundarios (1/3 versus 1/6)4. Esto indica que los niños infectados constituyen una fuente importante de contagio para sus pares, con evidencia de mayor transmisión en el nivel de secundaria comparado con el de primaria5, así como para los miembros del personal docente y administrativo de sus escuelas. Estos últimos, a su vez generarían nuevos casos de infección en la comunidad estudiantil y dada cuenta de su mayor movilidad, también en la población general6.
Evaluation of chemical changes in karonda candy during storage at ambient temperature
Authors: Dinde Ashwini B. , Joshi P.S. , Tayade S.A. , Bondre S.V.
Published: May 2021

The studies were based on effect of different recipes on storage period of Karonda candy. The experiment comprised of two types of karonda i.e. green and pink with seed and without seed were stored at ambient temperature. From the findings it was observed that, there was a gradual increase in TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars content of candy irrespective of fruit colour type and recipes used in experimentation. However, pH, nonreducing sugars, ascorbic acid, moisture, iron content of candy were found to be decreased with the advancement of storage period. The karonda candy prepared from different recipes of sugar concentration of 60 B, 65 B and 70 B can be stored upto 120 days without any microbial count. From the present findings it is concluded that karonda candy with 65 Brix sugar is suitable sugar concentration for karonda candy preparation.
Effect of N.P.K. on plant growth, spike yield and flower quality of golden rod (Salidago canadensis) L. c.v. GOLDEN GATE
Authors: Bharath A. Sai , Saravanan S. , Muralidharan B.
Published: May 2021

The present investigation was carried out during Rabi season 2019-2020 at experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments of GOLDEN ROD (Salidago canadensis) L. C.v. GOLDEN GATE. T1- N:P:K-75:85:70kg/ha, T2- N:P:K- 75:100:75kg/ha, T3- N:P:K-75:110:85kg/ha, T4- N:P:K-75:120:90kg/ha, T5- N:P:K-75:130:95kg/ha, T6- N:P:K-75:135:100kg/ha, T7- N:P:K-75:140:110kg/ha, T8- N:P:K-85:145:115kg/ha, T9- N:P:K- 100:150:120kg/ha, T10- N:P:K-110:160:125kg/ha, T11- N:P:K-125:170:130kg/ha, T12- Control (water spray). Highest plant height (130.3 cm) and plant spread (E-W) (70.7 cm) was obtained from T4- N: P: K-75:120:90kg/ha where as highest plant spread (N-S)(67.27cm) was obtained from T1- N:P:K-75:85:70kg/ha. Highest No. of stocks/plant (15.67), length of the stock (44.13 cm), weight of the stock (56.1cm), no. of days for 50% flowering (82.33) no. of days for 100% flowering (113.0) vase life when kept in water (10 days), vase life of stock when kept in 2% sugar solution (11.67 days) was obtained from T4 - N:P:K-75:120:90 kg/ha as it can be recommended treatment for farmers.
Pharmacognosy and medicinal value of some exotic fruits and vegetables consumed in India
Authors: Pant Harsh , Lobo Vijaya , Santhosh Anagha , Verma Shashank
Published: May 2021

Plants have always been a vital source of medicines and other essential products that have been a part of human life ever since time immemorial. Pharmacognosy and its associated aspects have been going through constant evolution and investigation with every generation revealing different and new pharmaceutical properties of plants and their products. The horticulture sector of India has witnessed a great demand of exotic fruits and vegetables in the last decade. These are either imported or artificially introduced in an exotic and non-indigenous habitat. A large number of these exotic plants which are consumed as fruits and vegetables possess a variety of bioactive phytochemical compounds. These bioactive compounds impart them some really important medicinal and pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antiulcerogenic, analgesics etc. This review article is an attempt to briefly address such exotic fruits and vegetables, the bioactive compounds associated with them and their medicinal properties useful to mankind.
Polymorphism of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes in patients on the public health system of a municipality in Southern Brazil
Authors: Colet Christiane , Botton Mariana Rodrigues , Schwambach Karin Hepp , Amador Tânia Alves , Heineck Isabela
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background Genetic factors can be responsible for part of the populational and interindividual differences observed in warfarin users. Objectives To identify occurrence of polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes in patients taking warfarin and relate these profiles to their medication dosages and the Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR). Methods Monthly interviews were conducted for data collection. Data were collected on demographic characteristics and medications in use, especially warfarin, including reason for prescription and weekly dose. TTR was calculated as the percentage of days with international normalized ratio (INR) between 2 and 3. The CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes were analyzed at a Human Genetics Laboratory. Results 49 patients (74.2%) had polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 genes; the remaining 17 (25.8%) did not have these polymorphisms. The average weekly dose of warfarin was lower among those who had a polymorphism for any of the genes compared to those who did not, with a significant difference (p = 0.035). The mean TTR was also lower among patients with polymorphism. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant for this variable (p = 0.438). Conclusions An association was observed between the polymorphisms and the warfarin doses taken by the patients. However, there was no association with adverse events or the time spent within the therapeutic range in this sample.
Catecholamines production by kidney tissue and mesangial cell culture is differentially modulated by diabetes
Authors: Moreira Roseli Peres , Bertoncello Nadia S. C. , Colucci Juliana Almada , Arita Danielle Yuri , Andrade Maria Claudina Camargo de , Ronchi Fernanda Aparecida , Cunha Tatiana Sousa , Casarini Dulce Elena
Published: May 2021

Abstract Introduction: According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes mellitus may reach 700 million in 2045. Catecholamines are involved in the regulation of several kidney functions. This study investigates the effects of hyperglycemia on catecholamines' metabolism in kidney tissue from control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats, both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomized into: control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin, and diabetic treated group also received insulin. After 60 days, blood and kidney tissue from all groups were collected for catecholamines' quantification and mesangial cells culture. Results: diabetic rats had lower body weight, hyperglycemia, and increase water intake and diuresis. Additionally, diabetes promoted a sharp decrease in creatinine clearance compared to control group. Regarding the whole kidney extracts, both diabetic groups (treated and non-treated) had significant reduction in norepinephrine concentration. In mesangial cell culture, catecholamines' concentration were lower in the culture medium than in the intracellular compartment for all groups. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine medium levels were increased in the diabetic group. Conclusion: The major finding of the present study was that 8 weeks of diabetes induction altered the kidney catecholaminergic system in a very specific manner, once the production of catecholamines in the excised kidney tissue from diabetic rats was differentially modulated as compared with the production and secretion by cultured mesangial cells.
Endoparasites of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from anthropized and natural areas of Brazil
Authors: Souza Silvio Luís Pereira de , Benatti Hector Ribeiro , Luz Hermes Ribeiro , Costa Francisco Borges , Pacheco Richard de Campos , Labruna Marcelo Bahia
Published: May 2021

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of endoparasites in fecal samples of capybaras from anthropized areas in seven cities in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, and natural areas in two locations in the Pantanal biome. For the parasitological evaluation of samples, feces were subjected to centrifugal sedimentation in water-ether and centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution. Out of the 113 samples examined, 97.3% (110/113) were positive for the presence of helminth eggs and/or protozoan oocysts, with 96.7% (89/92) and 100% (21/21) in capybaras from anthropized and natural areas, respectively. Helminth eggs belonging to the Class Cestoda (Monoecocestus spp.), Class Digenea, and Class Nematoda (Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloides chapini, Protozoophaga obesa, and Capillaria hydrochoeri) were detected. Coccidia oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. The difference found was in the occurrence of S. chapini between anthropized and natural areas, as S. chapini was not detected in natural areas. Capybaras from anthropized areas showed a greater species richness of endoparasites, including species such as Fasciola hepatica and Cryptosporidium spp., that might have zoonotic potential.
A AMÉRICA LATINA, A COVID-19 E AS MIGRAÇÕES FORÇADAS: PERSPECTIVAS EM MOVIMENTOS, MUROS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS E SOMBRIAS IMAGENS
Authors: ARAUJO RAFAEL , SARMIENTO ÉRICA
Published: May 2021

RESUMO A América Latina tornou-se, em junho de 2020, um dos epicentros da pandemia. Embora concentremos aproximadamente 8% da população mundial, temos em torno de 20% dos casos e 30% das mortes causadas pela COVID-19. Um dos graves problemas enfrentados pelas populações latino-americanas são as migrações forçadas, que, assim como tudo o que diz respeito às populações vulneráveis, incrementou-se na pandemia. Os casos da América Central e do México, país considerado um dos maiores corredores humanos do mundo, alcançaram níveis impensáveis de violações de direitos humanos. Discutiremos neste artigo os efeitos políticos e socioeconômicos da pandemia decorrente do coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 ([SARS-CoV-2], causador da COVID-19) na América Latina. Igualmente, apresentaremos, por meio da imprensa e dos relatórios de organizações civis, como, em plena pandemia, acentuaram-se a criminalização e a culpabilização dos migrantes nos discursos dos órgãos governamentais estadunidenses.
Direito ou privilégio? Desigualdades digitais, pandemia e os desafios de uma escola pública
Authors: MACEDO RENATA MOURÃO
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: O artigo discute alguns dos impactos na educação durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil em 2020, focalizando a questão do acesso às atividades online por estudantes do ensino básico. O texto está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, debate-se a transferência do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto, tendo como eixo desigualdades digitais, privilégios sociais e direito à educação; na segunda, é analisado o caso da Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Paulo (SP), com base nas experiências e nos desafios enfrentados na transferência para o ensino remoto. O artigo aponta para a insuficiência de políticas públicas educacionais no período, que não garantiram a conectividade e o direito à educação no país em meio à crise.
QUANDO O SER HUMANO CRIA, IKU VEM À TERRA: AS MEDIAÇÕES DE EXU, A ONIPRESENÇA DA MORTE E A COVID-19 EM DOIS CONTEXTOS AFRORRELIGIOSOS
Authors: QUEIROZ VÍTOR
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Este artigo propõe-se a pensar a reação dos cultos afro-brasileiros à pandemia da COVID-19. Em vez de generalizações, porém, o presente texto procura desdobrar alguns momentos etnográficos específicos, localizados em dois contextos, o Rio Grande do Sul e a Bahia, e possibilitados por mediações online. Sendo um dos primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa em andamento - que tematiza a agência de Exu, divindade do movimento e da comunicação, nessas localidades -, o artigo procura evidenciar, também, alguns aspectos da intensa reflexão prático-conceitual sobre mediação, diferença e cuidado que atravessa tais religiões e que tem chamado a atenção da bibliografia específica recente.
HUMANIDADES DIGITAIS E LEITURA NO TWITTER: “UM PLACEBO SANADOR EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19”
Authors: JOSIOWICZ ALEJANDRA JUDITH
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo parte de uma crítica cultural computacional para analisar as práticas de leitura ao longo da pandemia pela COVID-19 por meio do uso do Twitter. Analisam-se tweets com referências a dois autores, Clarice Lispector e Jorge Luis Borges, os quais foram extraídos e analisados utilizando softwares de mineração de texto. Esses autores foram mobilizados em dois sentidos principais: em um sentido terapêutico, modo de lidar com a solidão e o sofrimento, e para processar as transformações sociais e coletivas, expressando apoio ou oposição às políticas dos governos ante a COVID-19. O trabalho conclui que as práticas de leitura desses autores colocaram em cena os modos múltiplos de viver a pandemia e deram forma à experiência subjetiva e coletiva.
CRONOTOPIAS DA INTIMIDADE CATASTRÓFICA: TESTEMUNHOS SOBRE A COVID-19 NO JORNAL NACIONAL
Authors: LEIROZ FLAVIA PINTO , SACRAMENTO IGOR
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Este texto tem como objetivo principal observar como as narrativas do Jornal Nacional sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 organizam-se dentro de um cronotopo da intimidade catastrófica, por meio do qual a narrativa pessoal se dá, sobretudo, em espaços que relevam a intimidade, transbordando o privado para o público, borrando as fronteiras entre a casa e o trabalho e entrelaçando corpo e espaço numa experiência de suspensão temporal. Concluímos, por meio das narrativas analisadas, que a pandemia de COVID-19, pela narrativa do telejornal, instalou um tempo suspenso ou interrompido, mas muito significativo para a história contemporânea.
Some Aspects of Policy on Mental Well-Being of Children and Adolescents and the Polish Educational Law
Authors:   Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podgórska-Rykała J. , Kępa M. ,   Pedagogical University of Cracow
Published: May 2021

Introduction: the article deals with policy in the field of mental well-being of children and adolescents in Poland. Special attention is paid to the country’s educational law and the tasks that face the entities constituting the Polish educational system in terms of taking effective measures to protect mental health of children and adolescents, including health promotion, prevention of mental disorders and the provision of care for people with mental aberration. Purpose: the article aims to identify and discuss some aspects of policy on mental well-being of children and adolescents in Poland. Methods: the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the issue in question determined the methodological framework of the study. The authors employ methods traditionally used in research on public policies, such as political analyses of processes, methods used by researchers in the field of law, administration and economics. The main research tool in this study is the analysis of political public contexts which occur in the administration and enforcement of law. A functional system analysis is employed as an auxiliary tool. Results: despite the fact that the discussion on maintaining the mental well-being of children and adolescents has been taking place for many years, and that the educational law system and health policy, including its elements related to mental health, cover many aspects being of fundamental significance to the issue in question, practice shows that that there are still systemic and institutional deficiencies in this field. Conclusions: mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention in children and adolescents cannot be treated as separate activities, but they require a holistic, systemic, and hence horizontal approach. These activities must be integrated into a unified prevention policy at all decision-making and operational (executive) levels.
Conceptual Framework for the Protection of Civil Rights in the Field of Reprogenetics
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Bogdanova E. E.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: the paper deals with the problem of civil rights protection when using genomic technologies in the field of artificial human reproduction. Breakthrough advances in medical and biological science set the state an important task of developing an effective system of legal guarantees aimed at ensuring a fair balance of interests of the parties to the relevant relationship and third parties, protecting the rights and interests of an individual, preventing human biotechnological engineering for the purposes of eugenic practice, etc. According to the author, special attention should be paid to the problem of protecting the rights of the child when using genomic technologies, including preimplantation genetic testing. Purpose: to solve the problem of developing the conceptual foundations of civil rights protection under civil law when using genomic technologies in the field of artificial human reproduction, which involves researching the grounds and peculiarities of applying methods of civil rights protection when using genomic technologies, in particular the technology of preimplantation genetic testing, which will make it possible to productively use these constructions; to create a uniform law enforcement practice in this area. Methods: general scientific, interdisciplinary methods common to the science of civil law and biomedicine (e.g. mathematical method, logical method) and methods specific to each of these sciences; logical, comparative legal, formal legal methods. Results: the author has studied the following: the available Russian and foreign regulatory framework and doctrinal sources on the protection of civil rights, especially the rights of the child, in the field of genomic technologies application; the implementation of the methods of protecting civil rights when using genomic technologies and, in particular, protecting the rights of the child, with attention focused on the specific features of the parties involved in legal relations in this area; the peculiarities of the legal nature of civil liability in the considered category of disputes. Conclusions: the paper provides conclusions reflecting the author's conceptual view of the problem of civil rights protection under civil law when using genomic technologies, in particular, the technology of preimplantation genetic testing. There were determined the directions for improving legislation in relation to persons born as a result of artificial reproduction with the use of genomic technologies; the limits of genomic technologies application in the field of reprogenetics and the conditions of liability in case of their violation were justified.
Claims for Recognition of a Registered Contract as Terminated and the Right of Obligation as Absent
Authors:   Perm State University, Boldyrev V. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: claims for recognition of a registered contract as terminated and the right of obligation as absent combine the following features: (1) they are declaratory; (2) belong to the category of negative ones; (3) are not explicitly stated in the law; (4) are recognized by judicial practice; (5) are aimed solely at eliminating legal uncertainty. The unity of features determines the need to analyze these types of claims within a single study. Purpose: to establish the reasons for the occurrence in practice of claims for recognition of a registered contract as terminated and the right of obligation as absent. Methods: general scientific (dialectical) method of cognition of scientific concepts of private law; special scientific methods of cognition: formal-legal method, historical-legal method, method of comparative legal studies, forecasting. Results: the transition of the claim for recognition of the right of obligation as absent to the category of remedies directly referred to in acts of official interpretation of law entails great risks. As soon as the emerging practice is recorded in an act of interpretation, the following will happen. Firstly, the number of cases of its use in practice will be likely to increase, which will entail an increased burden on courts. Secondly, there will appear the prerequisites for the full formal legalization of the phenomenon, as has already happened with the recognition of a contract as not concluded and the recognition of the right to a thing as absent. Should there be no registration actions in the Russian legal system, there would not be so many claims of a negative legal nature recognized by practice, including the claim for the recognition of a registered contract as terminated. Protective legal rules aimed at regulating claim-based relations that have the purpose of ensuring a more stable existence of regulatory relations are often formalized in the law, being widely applied in practice by the time changes are introduced into the law.
Producción animal en pasturas de tres leguminosas asociadas con Urochloa decumbens en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia
Authors: Rincón Castillo Alvaro , Villalobos Mayra
Published: May 2021

In a loamy clay soil of the Colombian Altillanura, animal production of the legumes Centrosema molle accession CIAT 15160, C. macrocarpum accession CIAT 15799 and Grona heterocarpa subsp. ovalifolia (syn. Desmodium ovalifolium) cv. Maquenque, in association with Urochloa decumbens (syn. Brachiaria decumbens) cv. Decumbens, was evaluated under rotational grazing with zebu Brahman steers. The experiment was established in a native savanna area at the Carimagua Research Center of Agrosavia, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. During three years of grazing, C. molle stood out over the other legumes, due to its good forage production and ability to associate and persist with the grass, reaching 40% in the botanical composition in the first year and 24% in the third year. The highest animal liveweight (LW) gains were achieved with this legume with, on average, 760 g/animal/day in the rainy season and 500 g/animal/day in the dry season. With an average stocking rate equivalent to 800 kg LW/ha, mean annual hectare productivity of the pasture with C. molle reached 600 kg LW compared with an average of about 380 kg/ha/year obtained in the other associations and in the grass-only pasture. It is concluded that C. molle CIAT 15160 is a promising pasture legume for the region and confirming its productivity and persistence at farm level and in association with other grasses seems warranted.
Effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties on plant morphology, sorghum grain yield, forage yield and quality in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Kahsay Rahel , Ekuriaw Yeshambelm , Asmare Bimrew
Published: May 2021

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with 3 selected early-maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties (Teshale, Girana-1 and Misikir) on plant morphology, sorghum grain and forage yield and quality plus yield and quality of lablab forage, and to assess farmers’ perceptions of the crops in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Seven treatments, namely: T1 - sole lablab (SL); T2 - Teshale + lablab (TL); T3 - Girana-1 + lablab (GL); T4 - Misikir + lablab (ML); T5 - sole Teshale (ST); T6 - sole Girana-1 (SG); and T7 - sole Misikir (SM), were used with 3 replications in a randomized complete block design. The data collected from sorghum varieties were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, dry biomass yield and grain yield; and for lablab was: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant and dry biomass yield. Grain yield was determined on sorghum at maturity, while lablab was harvested at 50% flowering. Inter-cropped Girana-1 produced yields of both grain and stover and lablab forage similar to those for pure stands of the 2 crops, while inter-cropping of Teshale and Misikir with lablab reduced height, grain and stover yields of sorghum and yields of lablab forage (P<0.05). However, crude protein concentration in sorghum stover was enhanced when grown as an inter-crop with lablab (P<0.05). Land equivalent ratios for inter-crop treatments were 54‒87% higher than those for pure stands. Farmers readily identified the combination Girana-1 + lablab as superior to the other associations. While farmers can improve productivity of their farms by inter-cropping these sorghum varieties, preferably Girana-1, with lablab, more studies should be conducted to determine benefits from sowing other legumes with sorghum. Any improvements in soil N levels from planting the legumes should be quantified.
Effects of seeding rate, fertilizing time and fertilizer type on yield, nutritive value and silage quality of whole-crop wheat
Authors: Xu Liuxing , Xu Zhaohong , Chen Mingxia , Zhang Jianguo
Published: May 2021

Whole-crop wheat (WCW) is rich in nutrients and is widely used as a forage crop. This study consisted of 2 experiments: Experiment 1 studied the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW at 3 seeding rates (320 kg/ha, S320; 385 kg/ha, S385; and 450 kg/ha, S450) and different fertilizing times, i.e. 60% at seedling stage and the remaining 40% at the jointing stage vs. heading stage; and Experiment 2 examined the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW receiving different fertilizer types, i.e. urea, compound fertilizer (N:P:K) and urea + compound fertilizer (all iso-nitrogenous). With the increased seeding rate, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields tended to increase, but relative feed value tended to decrease. Experiment 1: there was no significant interaction between time of applying the second fertilizer dose and seeding rate in terms of concentrations of CP, crude fiber, ether extract, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in wheat (P>0.05). However, a significant interaction between fertilizing time and seeding rate was observed in terms of silage fermentation quality (pH, lactic acid, butyric acid and NH3-N concentrations) (P<0.05). Experiment 2: DM yield, CP yield and concentrations of CP, ADF and water-soluble carbohydrate were not affected by fertilizer type (P>0.05). Fertilizer type had significant effects on pH of silage and concentrations of organic acids (except propionic acid) and NH3-N in WCW silage (P<0.05). Under the present study conditions, considering DM yield, nutrient composition and silage fermentation quality, an optimal seeding rate of wheat for forage appears to be about 385 kg/ha. N fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage and jointing stage. Although applying a mixture of urea and compound fertilizer had no significant effects on yield and nutritive value of WCW relative to applying urea alone, it did improve silage fermentation quality. Results may differ on different soils.
Self-Actualization Level and Adaptation Potential as Personality Coping Resources at the Stage of Self-Realization
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University (Omsk, Russia Federation), Dementiy L.I. , Malenov A.A. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University (Omsk, Russia Federation), Malenova A.Yu. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University (Omsk, Russia Federation)
Published: May 2021

The article raises a problem of strengthening personal resources when facing difficult life situations at the stage of self-realization. The latter refers to the period of personality develop-ment from the age of 20 to 55. At this stage, the adaptation potential, the level of self-actualization; and proactive coping behavior are highlighted as personality resources. Proac-tive coping behavior is considered to be an important factor in the personality’s self-efficacy, while the other two constructs are its predictors. Proactive coping is revealed as a set of strate-gies that launches preparatory work to prevent stress exposure, the purposeful development of which is an independent copying resource. Presumably, at the stage of self-realization, a person seeks self-actualization, the maxi-mum manifestation of his abilities, based on existing experience in opposing adverse envi-ronmental influences. The study involved 155 people aged from 21 to 55. The main method of data collection is psychological testing, implemented via the following methodological com-plex: Self-actualization test (E. Shostrom, adapted by Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, M.V. Zagika, M.V. Kroz); Losses and acquisitions of personal resources (N. Vodopyanova, M. Stein); Proactive coping behavior (L. Aspinwall, R. Schwarzer and S. Taubert, adapted by E. Starchenkova). Statistical data processing method is the regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis proved the influence of self-actualization and adaptive potential on the proactive coping behavior of an individual at the stage of self-realization. The choice of each strategy is determined by predictors (from 2 to 6). The greatest contribution belongs to the indicators of self-actualization scales (9 out of 14). Value orientations, spontaneity, synergy, cognitive needs and creativity stayed outside the influence on proactive coping. The connec-tions between the proactive coping strategies and the components of self-actualization are contradictory and ambiguous (most of them - 14 out of 22 - have the opposite character). The explanation is largely determined by the traits of the collectivist culture, the values of which are shared by adult members of the society. Adaptation potential was revealed to have a con-nection only in relation to the strategy of preventive coping. Self-esteem, sociability and the ability to find the optimal balance in the system of “internal-external support” should be attributed to the key predictors of proactive coping at the stage of self-realization.
Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB): Psychometric Norms for Older Students
Authors:   Sirius University of Science and Technology (Sochi, Russian Federation), Likhanov M.V. , Tsigeman E.S. ,   Sirius University of Science and Technology (Sochi, Russian Federation), Kovas Y. ,   Sirius University of Science and Technology (Sochi, Russian Federation); Tomsk State University; Goldsmiths, University of London
Published: May 2021

The need for STEM specialists is growing in current technologically-oriented economy. This calls for new approaches in evaluation and development of relevant abilities and skills. However, the current educational systems might miss some students who have high potential for this field or who can develop such potential. For example, according to the results of one Russian study, gifted children may be missed by existing methods of talent search, partially due to the lack of standardised psychometric tests, especially of abilities beyond verbal and numerical abilities. One important predictor of STEM, often neglected in education, is spatial ability. Recently an online short spatial ability battery (OSSAB) for use in adolescent popula-tions was developed. However, no published norms are available. The aim of this study was to develop normalised thresholds for spatial ability testing using OSSAB battery with Russian 13-17 year old schoolchildren. Schoolchildren from the Sirius Educational Centre, demonstrating high achievement in 3 different areas: science (N = 640; 238 females), sports (N = 436; 67 females) and art (N = 260; 204 females), and schoolchildren (N = 752; 350 females) from general education schools of the Russian Federation participated in the study. Age of participants: 13-17 (M = 15.01; SD = 1.18). The study identified thresholds for 8 spatial ability levels: from Very low ability to Extraordinary giftedness. These thresholds can be used by teachers and school psychologists to determine the level of spatial ability in schoolchildren of 13-17 years of age. Based on individual students’ current levels of spatial ability, teachers can provide individual support and recommendations. For high performance recommendations may include additional clas-ses in STEM or natural sciences, for example, electronics, robotics, programming, physics or chemistry. For lower performance recommendations may include computer games containing spatial components; sports; playing musical instruments; origami classes; and studying the Chinese language. More broadly, school curricula in different subjects should include more spatial elements, such as: inclusion of stereometric tasks in learning materials; computer pro-grams for modelling in teaching geometry and other subjects; adding visualizations (graphs and tables) when explaining material. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a significant number of children have very low or very high level of spatial ability in both mainstream schools and in educational centres for high-preforming students. The norms developed in this study can be used for identification and individualized support in all educational settings.
Coping Behavior of Women with Cancer (Case of Patients with Breast Cancer)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Tsiring D.A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Pakhomova I.N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Chelyabinsk State University
Published: May 2021

The problem of survival and effectiveness of treatment for cancer is an urgent and socially significant task of modern science. Today, medicine is focused on improving the survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms, increasing their life expectancy, and maintaining the life quality of this category of patients. Support for cancer patients is a priority in medical and psychological research, in which it is particularly important to identify the prerequisites of the disease, survival factors and psychological resources for adaptation to the disease. Breast cancer is accompanied by strong emotional stress, has a psychotraumatic effect on the patient and affects many aspects of life. The role of coping with the diagnosis, as well as with the stress caused by a long treatment process, is currently insufficiently studied. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study coping behavior in women with breast cancer for a period of up to six months after diagnosis. It was a longitudinal study that last for three years. This article reflects the results of the first section of our study. We have found that women with breast cancer tend to suppress emotional responses and control their own experiences. When studying the age-related features of coping behavior, we found that 30-to 40-year-old women are more likely to use avoiding, social and confrontational coping than older women. Married women prefer to look for positive aspects in the current difficult life conditions, rather than unmarried. Coping behavior of women who have a job differs from coping behavior of women who have no job. The former are more likely to use such strategies as Confrontational coping, Search for social support, Escape-avoidance, Planning a solution to the problem. In addition, we found that the level of education is associated with the choice of coping strategies. For example, women with higher education tend to plan for resolving difficulties, maintain self-control, seek conditional benefits from the current situation, and are more likely to seek social support than women with secondary vocational education. The study of coping behavior in women with breast cancer as part of a longitudinal study reveals the specifics and dynamics of overcoming difficulties at the initial and subsequent stages of treatment. The identified differences will serve as the basis for creating a program for developing coping behavior and a program for psychological support of patients with cancer, as well as for further empirical study of other psychological factors of survival and disease course in patients with malignant neoplasms.
Mental Health Problems and Help-Seeking among Adolescents
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Rezun E.V. , Slobodskaya H.R. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation); Novosibirsk State University, Semenova N.B. ,   Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Rippinen T.O. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

The mental health problems among adolescents have long-lasting effects throughout life. However, research evidence indicates that only 10–30% of adolescents who needed mental health care had received specialized help. The present study reports the prevalence of mental health problems and help-seeking among adolescents, taking into account gender and age differences. The sample included 1752 adolescents (47 % boys,) aged 12-17 years. Data were collected on in two Siberian cities (Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk) using an international self-report questionnaire developed for the school-based Eurasian Child Mental Health Study. Participants were recruited from 18 schools, students completed questionnaires anonymously during school lessons. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and crosstabs using a chi-squared test. The level of emotional and behavioral problems in Siberian adolescents was slightly higher than that found in European and Asian countries. Twenty three percent of adolescents reported frequent headaches (at least once a week), 11 % reported frequent abdominal pain and 14% suffered from frequent sleep disturbances (3–5 times a week or more). Girls reported a significantly higher level of problems than boys, with the largest gender differences for emotional problems, recurrent pains and sleep disturbances. Weekly consumption of alcohol and daily use of nicotine among boys was more common than among girls (3 % and 6 %, respectively), whereas less frequent use of alcohol and nicotine was commoner in girls (16 %) than in boys (10 %); 7 % of boys and girls had tried drugs at least once. Suicidal thoughts were reported by 22 % of adolescents, 6 % reported suicide attempts and 6 % reported repeated self-harm. One third of adolescents considered seeking outside help and 9 % had actually done so. Girls reported more help-seeking than boys; older girls sought help more often than younger and middle-aged ones. Around one third of adolescents sought help from their relatives; 26 % from friends, the Internet or other non-professional sources; 5 % reported seeking help from a doctor or nurse, and 3 % from a psychologist. The most important independent predictors of seeking help were emotional symptoms, suicidal ideation and hyperactivity/inattention. The results suggest a need for future investigation of the factors associated with help-seeking behavior among adolescents. It is also necessary to develop mental health promotion programs for adolescents, interventions to improve mental health literacy and access to mental health care.
Psychological Research of Giftedness: the Problem of Theory and Method
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation), Mazilov V.A. , Slepko Iu.N. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the current research state on the problem of giftedness in psychology. The authors draw attention to the fact that the leading indicator of giftedness, confirming its phenomenological reality, is a person’s high achievements in various fields of life, such as educational and extracurricular activities, professional activities, etc. This indicator is considered in most modern studies as the basis to understand the sources of giftedness, the possibilities of managing the processes of its development and formation. In view of this prevailing approach to giftedness, three groups of studies currently dominate in psychology, and three fundamen-tally different positions on giftedness exist. In the first approach, giftedness comes down to the phenomenon of creativity or the creative abilities of a person; in the second, to the phenomenon of intelligence and the establishment of the IQ level and the development of individual intellectual abilities. The third approach is aimed at overcoming the reduction of the problem of giftedness to any one indicator and involves the inclusion of many variables (cognitive, personal, social, etc.) in the research plan. The authors argue that the applied approach to giftedness understanding is not constructive, since it does not answer the key questions about the sources of development and the formation of giftedness, its structure, its developing dynamics in the process of school and vocational training, and professional activi-ty. The idea is formulated that the weakness of modern approaches to the study of giftedness, models of its diagnosis is explained by the absence of the theory of giftedness, in which the connection between aptitudes and giftedness of a person is consistently revealed. It is argued that the theory of aptitude and giftedness by V.D. Shadrikov allows one to solve a number of methodological, theoretical and experimental problems in the study of giftedness. This is primarily ensured by establishing of a methodological connection between the theory of aptitude, which distinguishes different types of aptitude (individual aptitude, aptitude of the subject of activity, personality aptitude), and understanding of their systemic relationship, which ensures high and ultrahigh achievements of a person in different areas of life.
Cognitive Inefficiency of School Education in the Context of Digitalization
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University (Moscow, Russia), Elshansky S.P.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of cognitive inefficiency of modern school education under the conditions of total digitalization. The purpose of the article is to show how digitalization makes school education inefficient. The tasks of the research are to indicate the existence of the problem of cognitive ineffi-ciency in learning; to identify the factors of such inefficiency; to assess the level of the prob-lem understanding by secondary school teachers; to find possible ways of improvement the cognitive effectiveness of learning at school. A focus group study was conducted to assess the extent to which secondary school teachers understood the problem and to find out their opinions on related issues. In total, 6 focus groups were held, each involving 5 respondents. The respondents were secondary school teachers from Moscow and the Moscow Region. The study demonstrated that teachers confirm the problem of cognitive inefficiency of modern school education in the aspects of learning memory and learning attention under the conditions of digitalization, they understand that the existence of the problem and its importance. As a result of the study, possible ways to increase the cognitive effectiveness of the educational process are identified. These are regular systematic repetition, active use of the principle of enlarging the studied, the introduc-tion of intelligent systems for educational attention and stress control, special training of the cognitive sphere of schoolchildren, personification and personalization of learning by developing individual educational trajectories and implementing methods for adapting educational content, etc. The significance of the work is determined by low efficiency of the modern school educa-tion, the obvious need to take into account and analyze the cognitive factors that affect its effectiveness and are associated with digitalization. The article describes the reasons for insuf-ficient levels of learning memory and attention in the existing system of secondary school education, the relationship of educational cognitive phenomena with digitalization, possible ways of positive changes, and assesses the degree of the problem research. The results of a focus group study showed that teachers understand the existence and relevance of the prob-lem, and the necessity to develop a comprehensive model of cognitive-effective learning in the context of digitalization.