bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rnf111 has a pivotal role in regulating development of definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through the Smad2/3-Gcsfr/NO axis in zebrafish
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Sha Jinghan , Wang Luxiang , Wang Zixuan , Fang Zhou , Han Xiao , Tan Shuiyi , Chen Yi , Yuan Hao , De The Hugues , Zhou Jun , Zhu Jun
Published: October 2024

The ubiquitination or SUMOylation of hematopoietic related factors plays pivotal roles in hematopoiesis. RNF111, known as a ubiquitin ligase (Ubl), is a newly discovered SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbl) involved in multiple signaling pathways mediated by TGF-β family members. However, its role in hematopoiesis remains unclear. Herein, a heritable Rnf111 mutant zebrafish line was generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Impaired hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) of definitive hematopoiesis was found in Rnf111 deficient mutants. Ablation of Rnf111 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in HSPC. Definitive endoderm 2 inducer (IDE2), which specifically activates TGF-β signaling and downstream Smad2 phosphorylation, can restore the definitive hematopoiesis in Rnf111-deficient embryos. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that Gcsfr/NO signaling was an important target pathway of Smad2/3 involved in Rnf111-mediated HSPC development. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Rnf111 contributes to the development of HSPC by maintaining Smad2/3 phosphorylation and the Gcsfr/NO signaling pathway activation. Keywords: Rnf111, Ubiquitin ligase (UbL), HSPC, Smad2/3, Gcsfr/NO
Temporal changes in erythroid progenitors in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Scott Caroline , Dale-Harris Isabella , Armitage Andrew E. , Preston Alexandra E , Stanworth Simon J. , James Timothy , McKechnie Stuart R. , Robbins Peter A. , Drakesmith Hal , Roy Noemi B.A. , Shah Akshay
Published: October 2024

Not available.
Single-cell analysis of the T-cell receptor repertoire in untreated myeloma patients suggests potential myeloma-reactive CD8+ T-cells are shared between blood and marrow
Authors: Favaloro James , Bryant Christian E. , Abadir Edward , Gardiner Samuel , Yang Shihong , King Tracy , Nassif Najah , O’Brien Bronwyn A. , Sedger Lisa M. , Boyle Richard , Joshua Douglas E. , P. Joy Ho
Published: October 2024

Not available.
Clinical Evaluation of Stability of Short Deep Threaded Dental Implant During Early Healing Period: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors:   MSc, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Abdulwahab Alkhawlani Nashwan , Abdullah Alhadi Yahia ,   Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Ismail Alkholani Abdulwahab ,   3 Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Implant Consultant, Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Abdulwahab Noman Arhab ,   Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To assess the initial stability of short, deep-threaded dental implants placed in the posterior mandible and to determine the influence of deep-thread design on implant stability during early healing. Methods: Twenty short, deep-threaded implants were placed in the posterior mandibular region of ten patients. Insertion torque value (ITV) was recorded at implant placement. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately post-surgery and at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 5. Results: No significant difference in ITV was observed between short and standard implants. ISQ values did not significantly differ between implant types across the evaluation period (F = 1.17, p = 0.3). Conclusion; Short, deep-threaded implants demonstrate comparable primary stability to standard implants in the posterior mandible. These findings support their use as a viable treatment option for patients with advanced alveolar ridge resorption
Medical Psychiatric Challenges in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Eating Disorders
Authors:   ¹The Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Gorbis Eda , Gorbis Alexander ,   ¹The Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Mandava Neha ,   ²University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the intricate relationship between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs), focusing on their diagnostic criteria, comorbidity, shared characteristics, and the profound medical and psychiatric complications that arise from these conditions. OCD is characterized by intrusive obsessions and compulsions that significantly impact daily functioning, while EDs, including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge-Eating Disorder, involve severe disturbances in eating behaviors and body image. These disorders often co-occur, with up to 41% of individuals with EDs also suffering from OCD. The shared symptoms, such as obsessions, compulsions, avoidance behaviors, and perfectionism, highlight the complex interplay between OCD and EDs, complicating diagnosis and treatment. The medical complications associated with this comorbidity are severe and varied, affecting multiple organ systems. Gastrointestinal issues, proctological problems, oral health deterioration, cardiological dysfunction, electrolyte imbalances, kidney disorders, and hormonal dysregulation are common. Additionally, sleep disorders are prevalent, further exacerbating both psychiatric and physical health outcomes. Effective treatment requires a holistic approach that addresses the unique needs of each individual, with integrated care involving specialists across medical and mental health fields. This comprehensive approach is crucial to mitigating the devastating impact of OCD and EDs, improving overall well-being and quality of life for affected individuals.
Сучасні аспекти електрохімії. Колективна монографія
Authors:   НТУУ «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського», авторів Колектив
Published: October 2024

Колективна монографія містить результати досліджень, представлених на X Українському електрохімічному з’їзді, який відбувся 24-26 вересня 2024 року на базі Національного технічного університету України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського». Переважна більшість представлених наукових повідомлень спрямовано на вирішення проблем електрохімічного матеріалознавства, зокрема, на розробку наукових засад та технологічних процесів електрохімічного синтезу нових матеріалів із заданими властивостями для базових галузей промислового комплексу України. Серед здобутків українських електрохіміків слід відзначити концепцію модернізації гальванохімічних технологій та перебудову електрохімічних виробництв відповідно до вимог сучасної науки і техніки, зокрема, при синтезі smart-матеріалів, багатокомпонентних сплавів та метал-оксидних композицій, електрокаталізаторів та сенсорів різного призначення, фотоперетворювачів енергії сонця в електричну, творчий доробок у створенні хімічних джерел струму нового покоління, нових процесів вилучення металів та сплавів із природної та техногенної сировини, захисту металів від корозії. Органічно розширюють повідомлення з електрохімічної енергетики, які свідчать про суттєвий прогрес, досягнутий вітчизняними фахівцями у розробленні та створенні твердотільних літієвих акумуляторів, гібридів літіййонних акумуляторів та суперконденсаторів, воднево-кисневих паливних комірок та портативних генераторів водню. Сучасна електрохімія дозволяє не лише вирішувати актуальні проблеми матеріалознавства та енергетики, але й проблеми екології. Про це свідчать доповіді присвячені регенерації відпрацьованих літієвих джерел струму, утилізацію діоксиду карбону та синтез з нього цінних сполук, використання мембранних технологій в процесах очистки, сенсори для моніторингу довкілля, тощо. Розрахована на викладачів, аспірантів і студентів вищих навчальних закладів, науковців та фахівців які спеціалізуються в галузі електрохімії та технології електрохімічних виробництв.
Exploring a correlation to predict boundary layer flashback limits
Authors:   Mapna Group, Yazdani Moosa , Esmaili Milad ,   Mapna Group, Ranjbaran Alireza ,   Mapna Group
Published: October 2024

Several correlations to predict boundary layer flame flashback proposed by other researchers were gathered and assessed for their limitations and accuracy. Some were applicable only at atmospheric pressure, others did not perform well with data outside their original datasets, and some were based on unrealistic assumptions. Consequently, it was determined that none of these correlations were suitable for our objectives. Therefore, various experimental data sets were compiled and cross-compared for validation to develop a more appropriate correlation. Then Extinction Stretch Rate (ESR) was recognized as a crucial characteristic of the fuel-air mixture and was selected as the representative property. Afterwards, attempts were made to link ESR with specific flow characteristics, and the relationship between ESR and several flow parameters was investigated. Subsequently, a correlation was developed to predict boundary layer flashback based on the relationship between ESR and ut. This correlation is useful to determine the flow velocity limit to prevent confined boundary layer flame flashback in a burner under varying temperatures, pressures, and fuel compositions including different methane and hydrogen combinations.
AGEN BIOLOGIS UNTUK ANAK PSORIASIS SEDANG-BERAT: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS DAN META-ANALISIS
Authors: Karyadi Erlinda , Trifitriana Monica , Kurniawati Yuli , Putri Luh Putu Mahatya Valdini , Toisuta Riany Jade Sabrina , Fitri Risma Orchita Agwisa , Khairani Fatima Aulia
Published: October 2024

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Agen biologis mulai diterapkan sebagai terapi untuk psoriasis derajat sedang-berat pada anak, namun tingkat efektivitas dan keamanannya pada populasi ini belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan agen biologis pada anak dengan psoriasis derajat sedang-berat. Metode: Penelusuran database medis secara sistematis dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan penelitian RCT yang mengevaluasi penggunaan agen biologis pada anak dengan psoriasis derajat sedang-berat. Penilaian kualitas studi dan pengumpulan data menggunakan aplikasi RevMan 5.4. Hasil: 8 RCT dari 233 studi yang memenuhi kriteria dimasukkan dalam tinjauan sistematis dan meta-analisis ini. Ustekinumab, etanercept, ixekizumab, adalimumab dan secukinumab efektif dalam memperbaiki tingkat keparahan psoriasis pada anak (RR = 6,55, 95% CI [1,88, 22,78]) berdasarkan area psoriasis dan indeks keparahan 100 (PASI 100) dibandingkan dengan plasebo. Ustekinumab memiliki tingkat respons yang lebih tinggi pada semua kelompok biologis (PASI 75; RR=7.35, 95% CI [2.89, 18.68]), (PASI 90; RR=15.64, 95% CI [2.73, 41.56]). Agen biologis terbukti aman dengan risiko efek samping yang rendah. Kesimpulan: Agen biologis adalah terapi pilihan yang efektif dan aman untuk anak dengan psoriasis sedang hingga berat. Agen biologis secara signifikan meningkatkan perbaikan penyakit dan kualitas hidup anak dengan psoriasis, namun belum diterapkan secara praktik di Indonesia karena dibatasi oleh harga yang relatif tinggi.
OLD BELIEVERS: A VIEW THROUGH THE MUSEUM SHOWCASE. THE PRESENTATION OF CONFESSIONAL TRADITIONS IN THE STATE MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF RELIGION
Authors: Mutina Anna S.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a study of the exposition of the State Museum of the History of Religion in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the history of Old Believers. The limited space available at the museum precludes the presentation of the topic in its entirety, given the richness of the museum’s collection. Consequently, the creators of the exposition had to limit themselves to a concise overview emphasizing the most salient items that refer to significant events and personalities. The museum exposition aims to present the evolution of human spiritual life over many years, the history of ideas with the help of objects, to preserve and pass on to museum visitors the intangible spiritual heritage by material means. The museum ethics is also an important issue: the exhibition has to be delicate with the feelings of believers while preserving the dialogical nature of Old Believers’ culture. One showcase demonstrates the objects belonging to different groups of Old Believers, and therefore the museum has a special responsibility. Despite the original intention of the museum staff to keep the presentation of different confessional sections on the same level, the exhibits sometimes come into contradiction with this principle. Special attention in the article is paid to the most interesting objects from the museum’s collection, their role in placing semantic emphases during museum tours, and the interaction of exhibits in the semantic field of the exposition.
IDENTITY AND SCHOOLING IN MINORITY AND REGIONAL LANGUAGES IN EUROPE AND ASIA
Authors: Martynova Marina Yu.
Published: October 2024

This article builds upon the research project “Identity and School Policy in the Multicultural World: An Anthropological Analysis of International Experience.” The focus is on the pressing issue of language in youth education within Russia. From the perspective of a social anthropologist, the article examines the possibilities and consequences of various approaches to addressing the needs of diverse ethnic groups in multicultural societies, drawing on examples from several countries. The author explores the lessons Russia can draw from the practices of other nations, emphasizing the relationship between educational policy concepts and the formation of various identities among the population (national, ethnic, regional, local, etc.). To assess the extent to which minority and regional languages (as defined by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages) are incorporated into actual educational programs across Europe and Asia, an analysis was conducted of relevant regulatory and administrative decisions at different levels. The project’s primary objective was to strike a balance between the ethno-cultural competencies of individual citizens and the goals of consolidating the population in the interests of a unified state.
RUSSIAN COMPATRIOTS IN TURKEY: COMMON AND SPECIAL, TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS
Authors: Sadykova Liana R.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the formation of various support organizations in Turkey by Russian compatriots. In the modern era, emigration, as a complex and hardly controlled process, represents one of the most pressing issues that requires scientific coverage. The topic of emigration from Russia is inextricably linked with the interaction of multiethnic and multiconfessional Russian compatriots with the host cultures around the world. In this article, the term “Russian compatriots” is used to refer to individuals who have emigrated from Russia or the CIS, including both Russians and members of Turkic ethnic groups in Russia. The study is based on the author’s field materials, comprising general observations and interviews with the chairmen of two cultural unions of Russian compatriots in Antalya. Furthermore, the article describes the functioning of the Private Moscow International School in Antalya and the museums that are housed within its premises. Additionally, the article dedicates a substantial portion to the Tatar-Bashkir communities in Turkey. While in emigration, Russian compatriots organize events to maintain their ethnic identity, and the established communities serve this purpose. Thus, the article examines the unity and national diversity of Russian compatriots in Turkey. What unites Russian compatriots is their common origin — their exodus from one country and a shared mentality. The differences among Russian compatriots are rooted in their diverse ethnic and religious affiliations.
Analyzing the Accuracy of Clustering Based Cab Recommender System (CBCRS) Across Varying Densities
Authors: Mann Supreet Kaur , Chawla Sonal
Published: October 2024

Recommender systems are widely used in today’s world as they narrow down a huge number of options for a user in various fields. These recommender systems can also be significantly used by cab drivers also, since they can recommend the nearest location of passengers waiting for a cab. For the system to perform better, cluster formation is an essential step to be performed using the pick-up locations of the cab provided in the historical data. The recommendation is highly dependent on various other parameters also like timestamp, density of the area, clustering technique used, etc. This research paper aims to analyze the impact of varying minimum density of the pick-up data points on the accuracy of the recommendations by Clustering Based Cab Recommender System (CBCRS). Therefore, the research paper has a threefold objective: Firstly, to identify different clustering techniques for clustering the pickup locations. Secondly, the research paper proposes the design and development of a framework for CBCRS to cluster the cab pick-up data points along with recommending the nearest pick-up location of passengers to the cab drivers. Finally, the paper analyzes and evaluates the accuracy of CBCRS recommendation across varying densities of the pick-up data points as compared to the Partition-based Clustering Method, Density-based Clustering Method and Hierarchical Clustering Methods.
Multiclass Image Segmentation using Deep Residual Encoder-Decoder Models in Highly Turbid Underwater Ambiances
Authors: Haridas T. P. Mithun , Kamal Suraj , Balakrishnan Arun A. , Thomas Rosemol , Nezla N. A. , Balakrishnan Kannan , Supriya M. H.
Published: October 2024

Underwater environments, especially the coral reefs, are the habitat of many critically endangered species. Extensive monitoring of these aquatic ecosystems is essential for conserving and deep understanding of these vulnerable habitats. Monitoring by extracting details from underwater images of turbid, hazy marine environments is extremely challenging. In this work, a novel annotated dataset is created for three classes of objects in the images of coral reef environment considering fish, rock/coral and background for the Fish4Knowledge dataset, a benchmark dataset primarily for binary segmentation. This work also proposes a multiclass ResUnet based image segmentation model for the newly created multiclass annotations. Various encoder-decoder convolutional architectures were analysed and found that ResUnet exhibits better robustness. The performance of the multiclass ResUnet model is also analysed by optimizing with different cost functions. Various underwater noisy conditions are simulated in the test images to find the robustness of the model, and observed that the proposed model optimised with Jaccard loss performs better even in extremely noisy scenarios.
Influence of flocculation with dry-mixing on slump flow of high-strength concrete
Authors: Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Fukuyama Tomoko , Kobayashi Tomoya , Kawasaki Yuma
Published: October 2024

The use of high-strength concrete in construction is expected to increase, and the manufacturing technology employed to produce such concrete needs to adapt to this rise. High-strength concrete has a workability that can vary significantly depending on the mixing conditions, even with the same mix design and in the same environment. This research focuses on the change in workability due to dry-mixing (i.e., mixing of fine aggregate with cement in the early stage) in the mixing process of a high-strength concrete mix using a revolving-double paddle mixer. As a result, it was confirmed that the slump flow value difference caused by dry-mixing was about 25 cm. Furthermore, Cryo-SEM (which can observe the specimens in the frozen state) image analysis revealed that dry-mixing causes flocculation of cement particles. The amount of admixtures adsorbed was then analyzed. This study concluded that flocculation affects the degree and timing of admixture adsorption in the later stages of the mixing process, leading to differences in concrete workability.
Three waves of extended mind theories and urban planning: the city as a distributed socio-cognitive architecture
Authors: Candeloro Giulia , Mastrolonardo Luciana , Angrilli Massimo , Crociata Alessandro , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: October 2024

This article explores the intersection between cognition theories and urban planning, conceptualizing the city as a distributed socio-cognitive architecture. It traces the evolution of these theories through three waves—functionalism, social externalism, and radical enactivism —. Correspondingly, the article suggests implications for reorienting urban planning approaches, highlighting participatory design, collaborative placemaking, and the nurturing of place-based affordances. Drawing examples from existing planning literature, it demonstrates resonances with Extended Mind-informed orientations. The conclusion synthesizes these insights, proposing a potentially transformative framework by rethinking planning as more participatory, pluralistic, and cognitively integrative, challenging internalist and technocratic assumptions.
Optimizing educational environments: microclimate analysis and energy efficiency through courtyard orientation in UAE schools
Authors: Salameh Muna , Touqan Basim
Published: October 2024

Sustainable school design is becoming increasingly important worldwide, particularly in the UAE, where schools are significant energy consumers. This study explores the impact of courtyard orientation on microclimate and energy consumption in UAE schools, utilizing a standardized template applied across 70 existing schools. By employing advanced simulation tools, ENVI-met and IES-ve software, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of air temperature and energy use related to different courtyard orientations, specifically on key dates of September 21st and March 21st, representing seasonal variations. The results indicate that North-facing courtyards consistently provide cooler microclimates compared to other orientations. Specifically, North-facing courtyards showed temperature reductions of 1.31°C in September and 1.9°C in March compared to the least favorable orientations. This orientation recorded the lowest average mass temperatures of 29.36°C in September and 25.13°C in March, surpassing the West-facing orientation by 0.39°C and 0.45°C, respectively. The primary factor for this improvement is the reduced solar radiation exposure on East-West aligned courtyards, which significantly lowers the heat gain. Additionally, the study assessed Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) readings and cooling demands, both of which were found to be lower in North-facing courtyards. Cooling load reductions varied between 1% and 4%, depending on the day, further emphasizing the efficiency of this orientation. These findings suggest that strategic courtyard orientation is a critical design consideration for enhancing thermal comfort and energy efficiency in school buildings. The implications of this research are significant for sustainable design and construction practices. By highlighting the benefits of optimal courtyard orientation, this study offers practical solutions for reducing energy consumption and improving the indoor and outdoor thermal environments of schools. These insights contribute to the broader goal of developing greener, more sustainable educational facilities, particularly in hot climates like the UAE. This research not only informs architects and urban planners but also supports policymakers in implementing effective sustainability strategies in the educational sector.
The development and evaluation of chitosan-coated enzyme magnetic nanoparticles for cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Park Heejoon , Johnson Patrick A.
Published: October 2024

The recycling capability, colloidal and thermal stability of exo-cellulase, endo-cellulase, and β-glucosidases with magnetic particles (MNPs) were evaluated. Co-precipitation and oxidation of Fe(OH)2 methods were used to fabricate magnetic nanoparticles. Three different enzymes were covalently bound to the surface of MNPs using 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and a common protein crosslinking agent, glutaraldehyde. To evaluate the increase in colloidal dispersion stability, chitosan-coating was applied on MNPs and evaluated through particle settlement tests. The results showed that the chitosan-coated MNPs had 3.7 times higher colloidal dispersion stability than the bare MNPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed each magnetic nanoparticle surface modification step and successful enzyme binding. The optimum bioconjugate ratio in exo-cellulase, endo-cellulase, and β-glucosidases was evaluated, and having a high endo-cellulase bioconjugate in the reaction produced the highest glucose. The bioconjugates showed superior glucose productivity 39.4% at 65°C and 22.2% at 88°C in which the native enzyme is inactivated completely after 5 h of exposure. Recycling stability studies showed approximately 78% of activity was retained after 10 cycles and 32% of activity was retained after 20 cycles. The bioconjugates demonstrated equivalent total product conversions as a single reaction of an equivalent amount of the native enzyme after the 10th cycle this work introduces a novel method for covalently binding individual exo-cellulase, endo-cellulase, and β-glucosidases. These bioconjugates showed superior thermal stability and recyclability. It was also demonstrated that chitosan coating significantly improves the colloidal dispersion stability of bioconjugates. Thus this work validates the use of enzyme-MNP bioconjugates to effectively glucose production and promising technique for eventual continuous biological processes.
Stepwise emergence of CO gas sensing response and selectivity on SnO2 using C supports and PtOx decoration
Authors: Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Seung Yong , Ji Yunseong , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Dae Woo , Lee Byeongdeok , Jin Changhyun , Lee Kyu Hyoung
Published: October 2024

Room temperature gas sensing is crucial for practical devices used in indoor environments. Among various materials, metal oxides are commonly used for gas sensing, but their strong insulating properties limit their effectiveness at room temperature. To address this issue, many studies have explored diverse methods such as nanoparticle decoration or conductive support, etc. Here, we report the emergence of gas-sensing functionality at room temperature with improved CO gas selectivity on SnO2 nanoparticles through sequential steps by using amorphous carbon (a-C) support and PtOx decoration. The SnO2 decorated on amorphous carbon shows enhanced gas adsorption compared to inactive gas sensing on SnO2 decorated carbon support. The higher Vo site of SnO2 on a-C induces gas adsorption sites, which are related to the higher sp2 bonding caused by the large density of C defects. The ambiguous gas selectivity of SnO2/a-C is tailored by PtOx decoration, which exhibits six values of sensing responses (Rg/Ra or Ra/Rg) under CO gas at room temperature with higher selectivity. Compared to PtOx/a-C, which shows no response, the enhanced CO gas sensing functionality is attributed to the CO adsorption site on PtOx-decorated SnO2 particles. This report not only demonstrates the applicability of CO gas sensing at room temperature but also suggests a strategy for using SnO2 and carbon compositions in gas sensing devices.
Epidemiological characteristics of three herpesviruses infections in children in Nanjing, China, from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Wei Mingwei , Zhang Yang , Li Zhibin , Liang Qi , Cao Tong , Ma Jingjing
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the epidemiology characteristics of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children from January 2018 to December 2023, in Nanjing, China.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 21,210, 49,494 and 32,457 outpatients and inpatients aged 1 day to 17 years who were subjected to the three herpesviruses (HSV-2, EBV, and CMV) nucleic acid testing from January 2018 to December 2023, respectively. Demographic information, laboratory findings, etc. were collected and analyzed. HSV-2, EBV and CMV nucleic acid testing were performed by real-time PCR.

Results

The total rate of detection of the three herpesviruses for all specimens was 0.32% (67/21,210), 14.99% (7419/49,494), and 8.88% (2881/32,457), respectively. A declining trend in the incidence of viral infections over the years was observed for the three herpesviruses (all P<0.05). The detection rate for HSV-2, EBV, and CMV was highest among patients aged 1-3 years, 3-7 years, and 28 days to 1 year, respectively (all P<0.05). The presence of HSV-2 and CMV infection did not exhibit a discernible seasonal pattern, whereas EBV typically demonstrated an elevation during the summer and autumn.

Conclusion

EBV and CMV were both prevalent among children in China, except for HSV-2. The annual prevalence of the three herpesviruses show decreasing trend from 2018 to 2023, and no difference in gender (except for EBV). EBV infections usually occur in the summer and autumn, whereas HSV-2 and CMV do not exhibit significant seasonality. The positivity rate of HSV-2 is highest in 1-3 years, EBV is highest in 3-7 years, and that of CMV is highest in 28 days to 1 year. Positive detection rates are higher in outpatients than in inpatients.
Quantifying the impact of surgical teams on each stage of the operating room process
Authors: Meyers Adam , Daysalilar Mertcan , Dagal Arman , Wang Michael , Kutlu Onur , Akcin Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Operating room (OR) efficiency is a key factor in determining surgical healthcare costs. To enable targeted changes for improving OR efficiency, a comprehensive quantification of the underlying sources of variability contributing to OR efficiency is needed. Previous literature has focused on select stages of the OR process or on aggregate process times influencing efficiency. This study proposes to analyze the OR process in more fine-grained stages to better localize and quantify the impact of important factors.

Methods

Data spanning from 2019-2023 were obtained from a surgery center at a large academic hospital. Linear mixed models were developed to quantify the sources of variability in the OR process. The primary factors analyzed in this study included the primary surgeon, responsible anesthesia provider, primary circulating nurse, and procedure type. The OR process was segmented into eight stages that quantify eight process times, e.g., procedure duration and procedure start time delay. Model selection was performed to identify the key factors in each stage and to quantify variability.

Results

Procedure type accounted for the most variability in three process times and for 44.2% and 45.5% of variability, respectively, in procedure duration and OR time (defined as the total time the patient spent in the OR). Primary surgeon, however, accounted for the most variability in five of the eight process times and accounted for as much as 21.1% of variability. The primary circulating nurse was also found to be significant for all eight process times.

Discussion

The key findings of this study include the following. (1) It is crucial to segment the OR process into smaller, more homogeneous stages to more accurately assess the underlying sources of variability. (2) Variability in the aggregate quantity of OR time appears to mostly reflect the variability in procedure duration, which is a subinterval of OR time. (3) Primary surgeon has a larger effect on OR efficiency than previously reported in the literature and is an important factor throughout the entire OR process. (4) Primary circulating nurse is significant for all stages of the OR process, albeit their effect is small.
Using differential reinforcement for all to manage disruptive behaviors: three class interventions at kindergarten and primary school
Authors: Pansu Pascal , Freyssinet Irène , Le Hénaff Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Disruptive behaviors produce harmful effects, which reduce students’ well-being and learning opportunities. This paper presents a new strategy named Differential Reinforcement for All (DR-All), which has been inspired by DR and Social Learning Theory.

Methods

We conducted one study in which we applied DR-All to three classes with first grade students (intervention 1), then in kindergarten (intervention 2), and fifth grade students (intervention 3). In all three interventions, the measurements of student–student relationships and disruptive behaviors were taken 1 week before implementation and after 2 weeks of implementation. In intervention 1, disruptive behaviors were measured again 1 year after, among the 10 students who remained with the same teacher the following year.

Results

Concerning student–student relationships, we only observed one effect, which was a positive effect on the most rejected pupils in the first-grade intervention, who were significantly less rejected by their classmates after the implementation. However, the results of all three interventions showed a significant decrease in the frequency of disruptive behaviors after the strategy implementation. This was also true for the intervention 1 measurement 1 year later.

Discussion

To conclude, the consistent application of DR-All can reduce disruptive behaviors in the classroom.
Perception of generative AI use in UK higher education
Authors: Arowosegbe Abayomi , Alqahtani Jaber S. , Oyelade Tope
Published: October 2024

Background

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in research and education. However, there is a mixed perception about its use. This study assessed the use, perception, prospect, and challenges of Gen-AI use in higher education.

Methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional survey of university students in the United Kingdom (UK) distributed online between January and April 2024. Demography of participants and their perception of Gen-AI and other AI tools were collected and statistically analyzed to assess the difference in perception between various subgroups.

Results

A total of 136 students responded to the survey of which 59% (80) were male. The majority were aware of Gen-AI and other AI use in academia (61%) with 52% having personal experience of the tools. Grammar correction and idea generation were the two most common tasks of use, with 37% being regular users. Fifty-six percent of respondents agreed that AI gives an academic edge with 40% holding a positive overall perception about the use in academia. Comparatively, there was a statistically significant difference in overall perception between different age ranges (I2 = 27.39; p = 0.002) and levels of education (I2 = 20.07; p < 0.001). Also, 83% of students believe AI use will increase in academia with over half agreeing it should be integrated into learning. Plagiarism (33%), privacy issues (14%), and lack of clarity by the university (13%) remain the top concerns regarding the use of Gen-AI and other AI tools in academia.

Conclusion

Gen-AI and other AI tools are being used and their use will continue to grow in higher education. While current use is challenging due mainly to plagiarism fear and lack of clarity by the university, most users believe AI should be integrated into the university curriculum.
Numerical investigation on the core thermal hydraulic behavior of pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR)
Authors: Wang X. A. , Liang Ximei , Xu RongShuan , He DongYu , Wang Ting , Zhang Dalin
Published: October 2024

A thorough understanding of the reactor core thermal hydraulic behavior is essential for the design and safety analysis of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). Due to the application of hexagonal subassembly, the core thermal hydraulic behavior is significantly affected by the flow field within the subassemblies, the inter-wrapper region and the hot pool. Analysis of the core thermal hydraulic behavior requires a model coupling the three regions mentioned above, which has been identified as one of the thermal hydraulic challenges in SFR. In the present study, a 3D model that covers the three regions was developed for the core of the China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) with the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code, Fluent. The inter-wrapper region and the hot pool were modeled in detail, while the subassemblies were modeled with a special porous medium model. The core thermal hydraulics behavior under steady state was studied, more specifically, information for the flow field distribution at the core outlet, the inter-wrapper flow and the duct wall temperature distribution was obtained. Under steady state, liquid sodium in the inter-wrapper region is supplied by the inner region of the hot pool. And it enters the inter-wrapper region from the core outer region and returns back to the hot pool inner region from the core central region. The inter-wrapper flow is cooled by non-fuel subassemblies and heated up by fuel subassemblies. For non-fuel subassembly, the ratio of the total heat transfer rate between the inter-wrapper flow and the subassemblies to the heat generated within subassemblies could reaches 96%; for fuel subassemblies, the maximum ratio of the total heat transfer rate between the inter-wrapper flow and the subassemblies to the heat generated within subassemblies is 2.45%. Significant temperature gradients have been observed on the duct wall, with maximum values of 156.69 K/m in the vertical direction and 2,196.00 K/m in the circumferential direction. The largest temperature gradient appears on the duct of subassemblies adjacent to the transition region of fuel subassemblies and non-fuel subassemblies.
Paleometric approaches reveal striking differences in the insect fossilization of two Mesozoic Konservat-Lagerstätten
Authors: Storari Arianny P. , Osés Gabriel L. , Staniczek Arnold H. , Rizzutto Marcia , Loeffler Ronny , Rodrigues Taissa
Published: October 2024

The Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Brazil) is a Konservat-Lagerstätte preserving a great number of exceptionally well-preserved insects. Here, we sought to explore the preservational modes of two abundant aquatic and terrestrial groups of this unit, mayflies and crickets. To better understand how exceptional is their preservation, we also present detailed data on the modes of preservation of mayflies from the renowned Solnhofen limestones (Upper Jurassic, Germany). For the Crato Formation, out of 234 fossil mayflies and crickets, ten specimens were additionally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), energy and micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF and µEDXRF), and µRaman spectroscopy. For the Solnhofen limestones, 85 adult mayflies were analyzed, and five of them were subjected to SEM-EDS and µEDXRF analyses. The Crato specimens preserve several external and internal microfeatures. The areas with the highest fidelity of preservation are characterized by smaller and more closely-packed crystals when compared to less-preserved parts. We also recovered microscopic features that suggest the presence of microbial mats during the fossilization process. All the analyzed Crato specimens are preserved by replacement of tissues with iron oxides after pyritization. Sulfur occurs scattered in some regions of the crickets, but is associated with low iron counts, which may indicate the presence of sulfates post-dating pyrite oxidation. Additionally, the orthopterans have calcium phosphate preserving some of their structures. Differing from Crato insects, Solnhofen mayflies are overall poorly preserved as mere imprints, and their micron-scale morphology is obliterated by coarse mineral growth, whereas tissues are obliterated by calcite crystals alone or in combination with globular material. There is an elevated concentration of Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe in comparison to the host rock, which may be related to a yet unknown mineral phase(s). Although the paleoenvironments of the Crato Formation and the Solnhofen limestones are different, there are similarities in the style of preservation of their vertebrates and in some of their paleoenvironmental conditions such as anoxic hypersaline bottom waters and deposition of laminated limestones. However, the same does not apply to the preservation of insects, specifically mayflies, which are poorly preserved in the Solnhofen limestones.
Prognostic implications of metabolism-related genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ren Na , Wang Jianan , Li Ruibing , Yin Chengliang , Li Mianyang , Wang Chengbin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is a diverse malignancy with a prognosis that varies, being especially unfavorable in older patients and those with high-risk characteristics. Metabolic reprogramming has become a significant factor in AML development , presenting new opportunities for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention.

Methods

Metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (mDEGs) were identified by integrating KEGG metabolic gene lists with AML gene expression data from GSE63270. Using TCGA data, we performed consensus clustering and survival analysis to investigate the prognostic significance of mDEGs. A metabolic risk model was constructed using LASSO Cox reg ression and enhanced by a nomogram incorporated clinical characteristics. The model was validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival statistics. Gene network analysis was conducted to identify critical prognostic factors. The tumor immune microenvironment was evaluated using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms, followed by correlation analysis between immune checkpoint gene expression and risk scores. Drug sensitivity predictions and in vitro assays were performed to explore the effects of mDEGs on cell proliferation and chemoresistance.

Results

An 11-gene metabolic prognostic model was established and validated. High-risk patients had worse overall survival in both training and validation cohorts (p < 0.05). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor. High-risk patients showed increased immune cell infiltration and potential response to checkpoint inhibitors but decreased drug sensitivity. The model correlated with sensitivity to drugs such as venetoclax. Carbonic anhydrase 13 (CA13) was identified as a key gene related to prognosis and doxorubicin resistance. Knocking down CA13 reduced proliferation and increased cell death with doxorubicin treatment.

Conclusion

A novel metabolic gene signature was developed to stratify risk and predict prognosis in AML, serving as an independent prognostic factor. CA13 was identified as a potential therapeutic target. This study provides new insights into the prognostic and therapeutic implications of metabolic genes in AML.
Towards personalized vaccines
Authors: Montin Davide , Santilli Veronica , Beni Alessandra , Costagliola Giorgio , Martire Baldassarre , Mastrototaro Maria Felicia , Ottaviano Giorgio , Rizzo Caterina , Sgrulletti Mayla , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele , Moschese Viviana
Published: October 2024

The emergence of vaccinomics and system vaccinology represents a transformative shift in immunization strategies, advocating for personalized vaccines tailored to individual genetic and immunological profiles. Integrating insights from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and immunology, personalized vaccines offer the promise of enhanced efficacy and safety, revolutionizing the field of vaccinology. However, the development of personalized vaccines presents multifaceted challenges, including technical, ethical, economic, and regulatory considerations. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure equitable access and safety of personalized vaccination strategies. Despite these hurdles, the potential of personalized vaccines to optimize responses and mitigate disease burden underscores the significance of ongoing research and collaboration in advancing precision medicine in immunization.
Advances in targeting tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Lugang , Zhang Liubo , Zhang Zhen , Wu Peng , Zhang Yi , Chen Xinfeng
Published: October 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides essential conditions for the occurrence, invasion, and spread of cancer cells. Initial research has uncovered immunosuppressive properties of the TME, which include low oxygen levels (hypoxia), acidic conditions (low pH), increased interstitial pressure, heightened permeability of tumor vasculature, and an inflammatory microenvironment. The presence of various immunosuppressive components leads to immune evasion and affects immunotherapy efficacy. This indicates the potential value of targeting the TME in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, TME remodeling has become an effective method for enhancing host immune responses against tumors. In this study, we elaborate on the characteristics and composition of the TME and how it weakens immune surveillance and summarize targeted therapeutic strategies for regulating the TME.
Experimental study on the thixotropic strength of the marine soft clay from the Yangtze River estuary
Authors: Wang Binghui , Huang Yanyu , Zhu Enci , Xiao Xing , Wu Qi
Published: October 2024

Soft clay in the offshore area of the Yangtze River estuary has been investigated considering its basic physical properties. Forty-five unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on the remolded marine soft clay to investigate the impacts of curing time T, water content w, plasticity index IP, and clay particle content ρc on the thixotropic static shear strength ratio As of the marine soft clay from the Yangtze River estuary. Results show that the stress–strain curves were primarily strain hardening and strain softening curve types. Unconfined compressive strength qu increased with an increase in T. All specimens with different basic physical properties were capable of thixotropic strength recovery. When T = 0–28 days, As increased rapidly, while for T > 28 days, As of most specimens increased slightly or tended to stabilize. The impacts of w, IP and ρc on As do not follow a consistent pattern, but there is a strong correlation between As and w/wL (wL is the liquid-limit water content). For w/wL < 0.75, As increased with increasing w/wL, whereas for w/wL ≥0.75, As decreased with increasing w/wL. We proposed a simple and widely applicable power function prediction model for the As of the soft clay from the Yangtze River estuary.
Laparoscope combined with ureteroscope in the treatment of bile duct stones and cholecystolithiasis in a child: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fu Chang , Jin Hengwei , Fang Lijun , Xu Hongji
Published: October 2024

Cholecystolithiasis combined with bile duct stones is more and more common in children, but the surgical treatment is still controversial. We report on a 3-year-old boy, who underwent laparoscope combined with ureteroscope for choledocholithiasis with cholecystolithiasis. This combination therapy offers the possibility to treat pediatric patients with cholecystolithiasis and bile duct stones in low-resource settings where ERCP experience and child-specific surgical instruments are not available. Additionally, a comprehensive review of previous studies was conducted to summarize the surgical treatments. The surgical treatment of children should be made according to the specific situation to maximize the success of the operation and reduce the risk.