bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spécificité de l'hydrologie urbaine (Specificity of urban hydrology)
Authors: Dacharry Monique
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - L'hydrologie urbaine, par son objet d'étude, ses méthodes et sa relation étroite avec la climatologie, constitue une branche originale de l'hydrologie. Longtemps domaine exclusif des ingénieurs spécialisés dans l'évacuation des eaux urbaines, elle est devenue sous la pression d'une urbanisation croissante et des nécessités d'un aménagement ordonné de l'espace un large champ d'études interdisciplinaires où se côtoient sciences physiques, biologie et sciences humaines, et qui retient particulièrement l'attention du géographe.
Le tourisme et ses effets en Ermionide (Grèce) (Tourism and its results in Ermionida, Greece)
Authors: Risi Claude
Published: February 2015

Abstract. - Seaside international tourism has brutaly and massively burst into rural and undeveloped Ermionida. The proliferation of huge coastal hotels has induced land speculation which disrupts the economical and cultural traditional local values. The oppositions are more and more distinctive between a neglected interior and the coveted coast, polarized by tourism, and even sometimes paralysed by the dangerous monoactivity, wich deadens the local economy and intensifies the under- development.
Tourisme, urbanisation et organisation de l'espace : le littoral bas-normand (Tourism, urbanization and spatial organization : the example of the coast of the Basse Normandie)
Authors: Clary Daniel
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Bien que le tourisme balnéaire soit apparu simultanément sur l'ensemble du littoral bas-normand, les formes qui en résultent sont diverses. Trois facteurs l'expliquent : la distance au marché, la disponibilité de l'espace, l'existence et les caractères des sociétés promotrices. Il en résulte un rôle inégal des stations et des secteurs touristiques dans l'organisation de l'espace.
Notes sur les espaces géographiques flous (About fuzzy geographical spaces)
Authors: Rolland-May Christiane
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Un espace géographique flou est un espace imprécis, imparfaitement ou complètement dé/imité. La théorie des sous-ensembles flous dont nous faisons une présentation rapide permet de formaliser et de traiter un tel espace. Les applications possibles sont évoquées, en particulier dans le domaine de la régionalisation, le traitement d'espaces subjectifs et l'étude du comportement flou de l'homme dans son milieu.
Noctis Labyrinthus : forme d'un relief planétaire (A network of depressions on mars : noctis labyrinthus)
Authors: Bousquet Bernard , Touzeau Jean-François
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Sur Mars, Noctis Labyrinthus est un réseau de dépressions. Son relief associe deux systèmes morphologiques. Le premier, le plus ancien, est constitué de fossés d'effondrement. Le second s'est constitué à partir de multiples cratères d'effondrement recoupés, qui sont à l'origine des formes dérivées les plus grandes : dépressions et cirques d'érosion. Sur Terre des labyrinthes ont été reconnus. Aucun n'a les dimensions et la complexité de celui de Mars.
La «rurbanisation» dans le bassin de Nara (Japon). Paysans prolétaires et propriétaires (Rurbanization in the Nara basin - Japan proletarian and landowner peasants)
Authors: Pelletier Philippe
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Le bassin de Nara est une aire de rurbanisation, avec ce que cela comporte de changements brutaux dans l'utilisation du sol, d'acuité de la question foncière, de ségrégation socio-spatiale, de maintien ou de déreliction d'une agriculture de banlieue. Les paysans se trouvent dans une position ambiguë de prolétaires et de propriétaires face aux sociétés immobilières et aux banlieusards.
La « civilisation » japonaise du châtaignier (The chestnut-tree civilisation in Japan)
Authors: Pitte Jean-Robert
Published: February 2015

Abstract. - Japanese chestnut grove is now the first in the world, and since a few years had a spectacular growth. It can be explained by the japanese taste for all fruits, but also by the fact that chestnut is for citizens a symbol of nature, peculiarly of the end of autumn.
Pour une analyse de la causalité en géographie classique. Les préalables des structures élémentaires (An analysis of elementary structures in a causal reading of classical geography)
Authors: Loi Daniel
Published: February 2015

Abstract. - Through examples exctracted from the first regional thesis presented by the Vidal de la Blache's students (1905-1910), the author analyses the different kinds of elementary structures which may be encountered in a causal reading in classical geography.
Des représentations topographiques aux représentations thématiques. Recherches historiques sur la communication cartographique (From topographical to thematic maps)
Authors: Palsky Gilles
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Vision topographique et vision thématique du monde sont historiquement successives. La seconde enrichit un code graphique, jusqu'alors analogique, de signes abstraits qui expriment les propriétés connues, et non plus seulement vues, des phénomènes spatialisables. Parallèlement, une nouvelle conception de l'instrument cartographique se constitue : la carte n'est pas seulement une nomenclature plus ou moins complète, elle est encore une forme de communication inégalement efficace. L'acquisition par la carte de cette dignité de langage fait naître au cours du dix-neuvième siècle une première réflexion proprement sémiologique.
Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres
Authors: Gately Reece D , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: February 2015

The reliable production of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres is a relatively new development, and due to their unique structure, there has been much interest in filling their hollow interiors. In this review, we provide an overview of the most common approaches for filling these carbon nanostructures. We highlight that filled carbon nanostructures are an emerging material for biomedical applications.
Assessment of antibiotic- and disinfectant-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fekadu Sintayehu , Merid Yared , Beyene Hunachew , Teshome Wondu , Gebre-Selassie Solomon
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Large quantities of antimicrobials are used in hospitals for patient care and disinfection. Antibiotics are partially metabolized and residual quantities reach hospital wastewater, exposing bacteria to a wide range of biocides that could act as selective pressure for the development of resistance. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2010 and February 2011 on hospital wastewater. A total of 24 composite samples were collected on a weekly basis for bacteriological analysis and susceptibility testing. Indicator organisms and pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria were found and isolated on selective bacteriologic media. Disinfectant activity was evaluated by use-dilution, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the agar dilution method. Similarly, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Pathogenic (Salmonella, Shigella, and S. aureus) and potentially pathogenic (E. coli) bacteria were detected from effluents of both hospitals. Dilution demonstrated tincture iodine to be the most effective agent, followed by sodium hypochlorite; the least active was 70% ethanol. MIC for ethanol against S. aureus and Gram-negative rods from Yirgalem Hospital (YAH) showed 4 and 3.5 log reduction, respectively. Salmonella isolates from YAH effluent were resistant to ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and doxycycline. Isolates from Hawassa University Referral Hospital (HURH) effluent were resistant to the above three antibiotics as well as gentamycin. Conclusions: Hospital effluents tested contained antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are released into receiving water bodies, resulting in a threat to public health.
Ratios of CD64 expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes may be a novel method for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Fang Dai-Hua , Fan Cong-Hai , Li Juan , An Qi , Yao Hong , Ji Qiang , Niu Gao
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Neutrophil CD64 expression has been demonstrated as an improved diagnostic marker of infection and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate neutrophil CD64 expression for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Methodology: Eighty neonates with neonatal sepsis (21 culture positive, 59 negative) were enrolled in this prospective study along with 19 neonates with no symptoms or signs of infection as controls. Expressions of CD64 on monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were evaluated with flow cytometry (FCM). Ratios were calculated with these levels of CD64 expression. Blood culture and other laboratory exams were done at the same time for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Results were compared between the neonatal sepsis and control groups. Results: CD64 ratios showed significant difference between the groups (p < 0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that the CD64 ratios possessed high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (89.5%) in neonatal sepsis identification. Conclusions: The novel CD64 evaluation method, CD64 ratio, can be used as a supplementary method for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Performance of vancomycin and teicoplanin disk diffusion test in isogenic vancomycin non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wongthong Sujintana , Dutchanutouch Karnjana , Namsaengkang Viladda , Chanawong Aroonwadee , Wilailuckana Chotechana , Lulitanond Aroonlug
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Detection of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is currently problematic. Although the population analysis profile with area under the curve (PAP-AUC) is the gold standard for detecting hVISA strains, this method is time consuming. This study aimed to induce vancomycin non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and to determine the performance of the vancomycin and teicoplanin disk diffusion test for screening of induced and natural vancomycin non-susceptible isolates. Methodology: Vancomycin resistance was induced in vitro in methicillin-resistant S. aureus by serial passage in media with increasing vancomycin concentrations. All test isolates were confirmed for their susceptibility to vancomycin by using a PAP-AUC method. The performance of the vancomycin and teicoplanin disk diffusion test for detecting both induced and natural hVISA/VISA isolates was analyzed using the MedCal program version 10.2.0. Results: The induction test revealed that 42 of 78 MRSA isolates (53.8%) became hVISA and/or VISA. Using 10, 15, 20, 30 µg vancomycin disks and a 30 µg teicoplanin disk, the highest performance (88.9%) for hVISA/VISA detection (71.1%, sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 75% negative predictive value) was obtained when a 20 µg vancomycin disk was used at 1.0 McFarland inoculum for a 24-hour incubation. Conclusions: The results indicated that using a 20 µg vancomycin disk and bacterial inoculum of 1.0 McFarland is simple to perform and provides a primary result for hVISA/VISA screening within 24 hours.
Acute Brucella melitensis M16 infection model in mice treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors
Authors: Kutlu Murat , Ergin Çağrı , Sen-Türk Nilay , Sayin-Kutlu Selda , Zorbozan Orcun , Akalın Serife , Sahin Barboros , Cobankara Veli , Demirkan Neşe
Published: February 2015

Introduction: There is limited data in the literature about brucellosis related to an intracellular pathogen and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate acute Brucella infections in mice receiving anti-TNFα drug treatment. Methodology: Anti-TNFα drugs were injected in mice on the first and fifth days of the study, after which the mice were infected with B. melitensis M16 strain. Mice were sacrificed on the fourteenth day after infection. Bacterial loads in the liver and spleen were defined, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: Neither the liver nor the spleen showed an increased bacterial load in all anti-TNFα drug groups when compared to a non-treated, infected group. The most significant histopathological findings were neutrophil infiltrations in the red pulp of the spleen and apoptotic cells with hepatocellular pleomorphism in the liver. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of previously reported histopathological findings, such as extramedullary hematopoiesis and granuloma formation. Conclusions: There were no differences in hepatic and splenic bacterial load and granuloma formation, which indicate worsening of the acute Brucella infection in mice; in other words, anti-TNFα treatment did not exacerbate the acute Brucella spp. infection in mice.
Clinical and epidemiological investigation of a fatal anthrax case in China
Authors: Chen Haiying , Bao Wanguo , Wang Yang , Zhang Kaiyu , Wang Feng
Published: February 2015

Anthrax is a recessive infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and is primarily a zoonotic disease. Until recently, Bacillus anthracis infections were relatively infrequent and confined to agrarian communities in underdeveloped countries. No anthrax cases were reported in Changchun City in the past few decades until a male patient from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region presented the anthrax disease manifestation. This paper describes an anthrax patient’s diagnosis, isolation and treatment which involved institutions in two different Chinese provinces; the foci epidemiological investigation alongside with the outbreak management process, which is of great significance to control the spread of the recessive infection is also described.
Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial respiratory and urinary infections in Aleppo, Syria
Authors: Mahfoud Maysa , Al Najjar Mona , Hamzeh Abdul Rezzak
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a serious clinical challenge due to its frequent involvement in nosocomial infections and its tendency towards multidrug resistance. Methodology: This study uncovered antibiotic susceptibility patterns in 177 isolates from inpatients in three key hospitals in Aleppo, the largest city in Syria. Results: Exceptionally low susceptibility to most routinely used antibiotics was uncovered; resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was 64.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Contrarily, susceptibility to colistin was the highest (89.1%). Conclusions: Multidrug resistance was rife, found at a rate of 53.67% among studied P. aeruginosa isolates.
The Third Wave: H7N9 Endemic Reassortant Viruses and Patient Clusters
Authors: Liu Yisu , Paquette Stéphane G , Zhang Li , Leon Alberto J , Liu Weidong , Xiuming Wu , Huang Linxi , Wu Suwu , Lin Pengzhou , Chen Weihong , Fang Xibin , Zeng Tiansheng , Kelvin Nikki , Farooqui Amber , Kelvin David J
Published: February 2015

Southern China experienced few cases of H7N9 during the first wave of human infections in the spring of 2013. The second and now the third waves of H7N9 infections have been localized mostly in Southern China with the Guangdong province an epicenter for the generation of novel H7N9 reassortants. Clusters of human infections show human-to-human transmission to be a rare but well-documented event. A recent cluster of infections involving hospital health care workers stresses the importance of care givers utilizing personal protective equipment in treating H7N9 infected or suspected patients.
Prediction of Clinical Response After 1 Year of Infliximab Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Disease Activity at 3 Months: Posthoc Analysis of the RISING Study
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Inui Takashi , Yano Toshiro , Yoshinari Toru , Abe Tohru , Koike Takao
Published: February 2015

Objective.

To investigate the probability of clinical remission (REM) or low disease activity (LDA) after 1 year of infliximab (IFX) therapy based on disease activity at 3 months in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Methotrexate-refractory patients with RA received 3 mg/kg of IFX at weeks 0, 2, and 6, followed by 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg every 8 weeks from Week 14 (W14) to Week 46. Correlation of disease activity at W14 with disease activity at W54 and probability of REM/LDA at W54 were analyzed in each dosing group.

Results.

Disease activities at W14 were significantly correlated with both disease activity at W54 and probability of REM/LDA at W54 in patients continuing 3 mg/kg as well as in those receiving 6 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg therapy from W14. Results showed that, if approximate REM or LDA had not been achieved by W14, > 50% of patients continuing 3 mg/kg therapy would not be able to achieve REM or LDA at W54. However, even in patients with high or moderate disease activity at W14, dose escalation to 6 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg enabled many to achieve REM/LDA.

Conclusion.

Disease activity at W14 in standard-dose IFX therapy enabled the prediction of longterm clinical response at continued standard dose, as well as subsequent escalated-dose regimens. Disease activity at W14 was hypothesized to be an important index for IFX treatment strategy.
Feasibility and Domain Validation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Flare Core Domain Set: Report of the OMERACT 2014 RA Flare Group Plenary
Authors: Bartlett Susan J. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Cooksey Roxanne , Choy Ernest H. , Alten Rieke , Christensen Robin , Furst Daniel E. , Guillemin Francis , Halls Serena , Hewlett Sarah , Leong Amye L. , Lyddiatt Anne , March Lyn , Montie Pamela , Orbai Ana Maria , Pohl Christoph , Voshaar Marieke Scholte , Woodworth Thasia G. , Bingham Clifton O.
Published: February 2015

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Flare Group was established to develop an approach to identify and measure RA flares. An overview of our OMERACT 2014 plenary is provided.

Methods.

Feasibility and validity of flare domains endorsed at OMERACT 11 (2012) were described based on initial data from 3 international studies collected using a common set of questions specific to RA flare. Mean flare frequency, severity, and duration data were presented, and domain scores were compared by flare status to examine known-groups validity. Breakout groups provided input for stiffness, self-management, contextual factors, and measurement considerations.

Results.

Flare data from 501 patients in an observational study indicated 39% were in flare, with mean (SD) severity of 6.0 (2.6) and 55% lasting > 14 days. Pain, physical function, fatigue, participation, and stiffness scores averaged ≥ 2 times higher (2 of 11 points) in flaring individuals. Correlations between flare domains and corresponding legacy instruments were obtained: r = 0.46 to 0.93. A combined definition (patient report of flare and 28-joint Disease Activity Score increase) was evaluated in 2 other trials, with similar results. Breakout groups debated specific measurement issues.

Conclusion.

These data contribute initial evidence of feasibility and content validation of the OMERACT RA Flare Core Domain Set. Our research agenda for OMERACT 2016 includes establishing duration/intensity criteria and developing criteria to identify RA flares using existing disease activity measures. Ongoing work will also address discordance between patient and physician ratings, facilitate application of flare criteria to clinical care, elucidate the role of self-management, and finalize recommendations for RA flare measurement.
L'économie de la passion
Authors: Slimani Hassen
Published: February 2015

Cet article repose sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée en 2002 qui porte sur la formation et l’insertion professionnelle des diplômé(e)s du brevet d’État d’éducateur sportif en activités équestres, rénové en 2003 en brevet professionnel. Son propos vise à démontrer que la survie des moniteurs(trices) sur les marchés du travail de l’enseignement et de l’animation tient autant sinon plus à la détention ou non de capital scolaire et compétitif, et surtout social et affectif, qu’aux compétences et certifications acquises. Ainsi, à diplôme égal, le positionnement sur le marché matrimonial et/ou l’héritage familial (économique, social et patrimonial) facilitent une insertion professionnelle durable. Et, dans ces professions sur-féminisées où prédomine un fort taux de turn-over , les femmes, plus nombreuses et plus jeunes, constituent sui generis les plus fortes cohortes à s’engager dans les pratiques équestres et, par passion, en formation. Leur éviction pour « incompétence » est alors vécue comme plus légitime que pour leurs homologues masculins.
Les classes populaires face à l'impératif scolaire
Authors: Cayouette-Remblière Joanie
Published: February 2015

Cet article interroge les raisons de la persistance des orientations socialement différenciées après la seconde « explosion scolaire ». S’appuyant sur la reconstitution des trajectoires scolaires de deux cohortes entières d’élèves ainsi que sur une enquête ethnographique, il met en évidence une contradiction latente aux discours des agents scolaires : d’un côté, ils intègrent et agissent en fonction de la hiérarchie entre enseignement GT et voie professionnelle ; de l’autre, ils nient et disent regretter cette hiérarchie. L’article questionne ensuite les modalités de transmission de cette hiérarchie niée aux élèves. De ce fait, il contextualise la façon dont les « vœux » scolaires sont produits, en dégageant quatre principes d’orientation : l’orientation « anormale » des élèves des classes moyennes et supérieures, l’orientation vécue comme « irréaliste » des garçons des franges supérieures des classes populaires, l’orientation « généreuse » de certaines filles de classes populaires et l’orientation par exclusion et auto-exclusion des franges les plus démunies des classes populaires.
Les comportements déviants des consommateurs vus par leurs pairs : le cas du commerce de détail
Authors: Perron Frédérique , Djelassi Souad
Published: February 2015

Les comportements déviants du consommateur et les moyens engagés pour en limiter les effets portent préjudice aux distributeurs, aux salariés en contact et aux autres consommateurs. Les dommages causés sont à la fois organisationnels, économiques et sociaux. S’appuyant sur 16 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de particuliers et de l’analyse de 12 forums de discussion, cette recherche vise à comprendre l’attitude que les consommateurs ont vis-à-vis des déviances de leurs pairs et le sens qu’ils en donnent. Au vu des résultats, de nombreux consommateurs tolèrent ces comportements et mobilisent les techniques de neutralisation, associées aux injustices distributive et procédurale, pour les justifier. Pour désamorcer une telle logique de défense, nous proposons d’associer l’approche éducative aux techniques de contrôle en magasin.
Pilotage des projets d'ERP fondé sur les communautés de pratique : entre architecture hiérarchique et cognitive
Authors: Azan Wilfrid , Bootz Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2015

Nous nous intéressons dans cette recherche aux ERP, qui en tant que référentiel informationnel commun, relient les utilisateurs dans et en dehors de l’organisation, et visent à épouser au mieux les pratiques, les savoirs et les compétences qui alimentent l’organisation. Certains travaux laissent apparaître les liens étroits qu’entretiennent les SI (en particulier l’ERP) et la dimension cognitive de la firme en étant potentiellement source de rigidifications, de destructions mais aussi de partage de représentations (Ciborra, 2000 ; Levina et Vaast, 2005). L’étude, de nature interprétative et qualitative menée sur deux ans, met en évidence, sur un plan théorique l’enjeu de l’interconnexion des communautés dans la réussite d’un PERP sur un plan managérial, elle fournit aux praticiens une grille d’analyse explicite les aidant à concevoir et à mettre en œuvre des Projet ERP.
Adolescents at Risk: Pain Pills to Heroin: Part II
Authors: Fogger Susanne , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: February 2015

Casually exposing adolescents to prescription opioid agents may escalate to daily use. A trend exists for adolescents using prescription opioid agents to substitute heroin because it is significantly cheaper than pills (approximately half of the cost) and is often more readily available. Additionally, it is more potent than most prescription opioid agents and carries increased risks of overdose and death. Although treatment for substance use disorders has traditionally centered on total abstinence, opioid replacement therapy (ORT) is an option that saves lives and prevents overdose deaths. In the United States, ORT is based on two medicines: methadone and buprenorphine. These drugs can be substituted for other opiate agents and have much lower overdose risks. Nursing implications and web-based resources for teaching are presented. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
53
(2), 27–30.]
Psychiatric Medications and Sudden Cardiac Death: Putting the Risk in Perspective
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: February 2015

A potential adverse effect of some psychiatric medications is an abnormally prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval and an increased risk of developing Torsade de Pointes (TdP), which is associated with sudden death. Because antidepressant and antipsychotic drug use is increasing and rates of sudden cardiac death are decreasing, the proportion of sudden cardiac death cases that may be attributed to these drugs is likely to be exceedingly small compared to other risk factors. A comprehensive review of the published literature has concluded that there is little evidence that psychotropic drug–associated QTc interval prolongation by itself is sufficient to predict TdP. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(2), 23–25.]
Factors Predictive of Depression in First-Year College Students
Authors: Brandy Julie M. , Penckofer Sue , Solari-Twadell Phyllis A. , Velsor-Friedrich Barbara
Published: February 2015

Starting college is a challenging time for first-year students and is often accompanied by emotions such as depression, which can negatively affect academic performance and quality of life. This descriptive correlational study examined stress, coping, depressive symptomology, spirituality, and social support in a convenience sample of first-year students (
N
= 188) from two private colleges. Results indicated that 45% of students demonstrated greater than average levels of stress and 48% reported clinically significant depressive symptomology. Significant relationships existed between depressive symptoms and stress (
p
< 0.01) and depressive symptoms and social support (
p
< 0.01). Less social support was associated with more stress (
p
< 0.01). The results suggested that interventions targeting stress reduction in first-year students should be considered for decreasing depressive symptoms to enhance their college experience. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
53
(2), 38–44.]
Strategic Management of Academic Human Resources
Authors: Fumasoli Tatiana
Published: February 2015

This chapter investigates whether and how institutional autonomy enhances strategic management of academic human resources. National regulatory frameworks, available resources, university policies, and practices at the working floor are compared in four European flagship universities. Disciplinary affiliation is taken into consideration through the selection of history and chemistry. The cases reflect different trajectories where substantial changes have been implemented in governance systems when it comes to centralization of decision making, to standardization of procedures, to re-configuration of actors and their room to maneuver. While professorial self-governance in personnel matters remains significant, new boundary conditions constrain substantially choice options in accordance with national, institutional, and disciplinary features. Uncertainty, identity, and flexibility emerge as major dimensions in human resources management, pointing to tensions but also to opportunities for strategic change.
Funds of Knowledge and Epistemic Authority in Higher Education
Authors: Ribeiro Filipa M. , Lubbers Miranda
Published: February 2015

This chapter examines how knowledge networks of academics shape epistemic authority in higher education institutions. The issue is addressed with the approach of funds of knowledge (Bensimon, 2009) and social network theory. Social networks (of collaboration, influence, friendship, etc.) have been mainly approached with an emphasis on their actual structure and the relationship between position in that network and other features. However, little is known about how those networks of ties affect how knowledge is embodied, encoded, and enacted within higher education institutions at the interpersonal level. Rather than examining the specific qualities of any researcher's fund of knowledge, the authors focus on showing how the approach of funds of knowledge can be operationalised by social network analysis to investigate epistemic authority and epistemic change in research agendas. Knowledge networks are described as epistemic conduits, and the challenges of research in this topic are also discussed.
Quality of Doctoral Research Supervision
Authors: Baptista Ana Vitoria
Published: February 2015

With this chapter, the authors describe (1) the international, Portuguese, and institutional challenges relating to the quality of doctoral research supervision and (2) systematize the research-based frameworks that exist in the international literature worldwide in what concerns this topic. This is followed by a brief presentation of the research methodology adopted to shed light on the process taken to design an integrative and fluid framework that the authors propose on the quality of doctoral research supervision. Additionally, links are established regarding the international literature and tendencies approached on the theoretical section of this chapter. Finally, the authors reflect on the concerns surrounding the pertinence of the framework that arose from the research to evaluate and monitor the doctoral supervisory process.
Technology Centres
Authors: Pablo-Hernando Susana
Published: February 2015

This chapter shows how PhD mobility across organizations constitutes a source of normative isomorphism that has led towards the “collegialization” of some Spanish Technology Centres (TCs). In particular, the study of nine TCs located in four Spanish regions has been essential to identify the normative mechanisms embedded in doctoral training and scientific careers that have promoted the convergence among R&D organizations. Thus, TCs collaborating intensively with higher education institutions through hybrid researchers have adopted academic models of knowledge production. Interestingly, they have also introduced doctoral training programs to reinforce their legitimacy in the eyes of their collaborators and investors. As a result of these changes, TCs move towards a more proactive position in the processes of knowledge transfer to gain an advantageous position in an innovation system.
University Teachers' Use of Digital Technologies
Authors: Marav Daariimaa , Espinoza Michelle
Published: February 2015

This chapter is set in the context of two developing countries, Mongolia and Chile, where digital technology is seen as a powerful icon of the knowledge economy. The predominant and common discourses surrounding the uses of digital technologies in education in these developing countries usually assume rather celebratory stances of the roles digital technologies may perform in education in the digital age. Thus, the research reported here explores the realities, opportunities, and challenges that academic staff face when using digital technologies through the perspectives offered by the field of digital literacy studies. The findings illustrate the close and complex relationships between sociocultural contexts, beliefs, values, and digital literacy practices. The study suggests that more attention needs to be paid to the wider contexts affecting the digital practices around teaching and learning rather than to technologies per se.
Roma Social Inclusion through Higher Education Policies in Romania
Authors: Bîrle Delia , Crişan Daniela , Bonchiş Elena , Bochiş Laura , Popa Carmen
Published: February 2015

The chapter explores whether the educational policies introduced by the Romanian Government during the last twenty years are examples of good practice for other European countries facing the issue of Roma integration. The authors raise the question of whether the voices of Roma intellectual élites, who represent the “products” of those educational policies, are strong enough to drive the Roma minority towards common and sustained efforts for their social integration. What are the cross products of these educational policies? Additionally, they consider the case of Roma students within the University of Oradea in Romania and examine their attitudes towards academic learning, motivational factors, academic self-efficacy, faced difficulties, and potential ways to achieve higher rates of student retention. For a more in-depth analysis of the role and impact of those policies and the possible challenges/difficulties encountered, the authors interviewed several decision makers, such as academic staff, NGO representatives, and current/former Roma students. The chapter concludes with suggested solutions for detected difficulties.
International Student Perceptions of Ethics in a Business Pathway Course
Authors: Velliaris Donna M. , Willis Craig R. , Pierce Janine M.
Published: February 2015

To attract a growing number of international students, Higher Education (HE) institutions are striving to differentiate themselves from their competitors. The Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) is part of a growing number of private providers partnering with universities to establish “pathway” programs. EIBT offers a Diploma of Business leading to either The University of Adelaide or the University of South Australia's degree programs in business-related fields. This chapter investigates EIBT students' own perceptions of “ethics” in a major assessment task embedded in a course titled “Business and Society”. The findings, taken from students' reflective papers, reveal their understanding(s) of ethical behaviour and are particularly relevant to contemporary debates surrounding how to improve educational attainment and ethical standards given the emerging importance of partner providers amidst rising numbers of international students seeking HE in Australia and abroad.10.4018/978-1-4666-7244-4.ch012
Utilizing Emotions for Ethical Decision Making in Leadership
Authors: Griffith Jennifer A. , Zeni Thomas A. , Johnson Genevieve
Published: February 2015

Modern organizational leaders must rise to the challenge of making both ethically sound decisions as well as traditional fiscal decisions in order to remain competitive in today's marketplace. It is critical for leaders to be mindful of how emotions may assist or hinder them throughout the ethical decision-making process. Attempting to ignore the emotional component of ethical decision making or pretending that emotions do not exert influence on decisions is foolhardy and disregards both empirical and theoretical research suggesting otherwise. The challenge for leaders is how to best incorporate emotion into ethical decision making. This chapter examines several theoretical models of emotion and ethical decision making, applies theoretical and empirical findings to explain how two common emotions—anger and anxiety—impact ethical decision making, and provides recommendations for leaders seeking to improve ethical decision-making outcomes.
Quadrinhos e educação: uma relação complexa
Authors: Setubal Flávia Meneguelli Ribeiro , Rebouças Moema Lúcia Martins
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver uma pesquisa bibliográfica, explicitando os principais fatos históricos que permeiam o surgimento e desenvolvimento das histórias em quadrinhos (HQ), no Brasil e no mundo, propondo um cruzamento dessas informações com períodos específicos da história da educação brasileira, a fim de compreender como se deu o relacionamento entre ambos. Os resultados da análise revelam que, apesar de ter acompanhado o mundo, em seu nascimento, o desenvolvimento das HQ no Brasil se deu tardiamente em relação à Europa, no que se refere à chegada dos quadrinhos ao ambiente acadêmico e escolar, com iniciativas mais significativas, principalmente relacionadas às políticas públicas, apenas nos anos 1990 e 2000.
Core Fucosylation of IgG B Cell Receptor Is Required for Antigen Recognition and Antibody Production
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Yu Rui , Ma Biao , Yang Yan , Jiao Xinyan , Liu Yang , Cao Hongyu , Dong Weijie , Liu Linhua , Ma Keli , Fukuda Tomohiko , Liu Qingping , Ma Tonghui , Wang Zhongfu , Gu Jianguo , Zhang Jianing , Taniguchi Naoyuki
Published: February 2015

Ag recognition and Ab production in B cells are major components of the humoral immune response. In the current study, we found that the core fucosylation catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) was required for the Ag recognition of BCR and the subsequent signal transduction. Moreover, compared with the 3-83 B cells, the coalescing of lipid rafts and Ag-BCR endocytosis were substantially reduced in Fut8-knockdown (3-83-KD) cells with p31 stimulation and then completely restored by reintroduction of the Fut8 gene to the 3-83-KD cells. Indeed, Fut8-null (Fut8−/−) mice evoked a low immune response following OVA immunization. Also, the frequency of IgG-producing cells was significantly reduced in the Fut8−/− spleen following OVA immunization. Our results clearly suggest an unexpected mode of BCR function, in which the core fucosylation of IgG-BCR mediates Ag recognition and, concomitantly, cell signal transduction via BCR and Ab production.
Harmful effects of nicotine
Authors: Mishra Aseem , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Datta Sourav , Sinukumar Snita , Joshi Poonam , Garg Apurva
Published: February 2015

With the advent of nicotine replacement therapy, the consumption of the nicotine is on the rise. Nicotine is considered to be a safer alternative of tobacco. The IARC monograph has not included nicotine as a carcinogen. However there are various studies which show otherwise. We undertook this review to specifically evaluate the effects of nicotine on the various organ systems. A computer aided search of the Medline and PubMed database was done using a combination of the keywords. All the animal and human studies investigating only the role of nicotine were included. Nicotine poses several health hazards. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders. There is decreased immune response and it also poses ill impacts on the reproductive health. It affects the cell proliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA mutation by various mechanisms which leads to cancer. It also affects the tumor proliferation and metastasis and causes resistance to chemo and radio therapeutic agents. The use of nicotine needs regulation. The sale of nicotine should be under supervision of trained medical personnel.
Tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among urban low socioeconomic women in Mumbai, India
Authors: Majmudar V Parishi , Mishra A Gauravi , Kulkarni V Sheetal , Dusane R Dusane , Shastri S Surendra
Published: February 2015

Context: Tobacco use is an important health issue globally. It is responsible for a large number of diseases and deaths in India. Female tobacco users have additional health risks. Aims: The aim was to assess changes in pre and post-intervention tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among women from urban low socioeconomic strata, after three rounds of interventions. Subjects and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to interview women living in low socioeconomic housing clusters in Mumbai, regarding their tobacco consumption, attitudes, and practices, by Medical Social Workers. These data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20 and analysed. Interventions for tobacco cessation were provided 3 times over a span of 9 months, comprising of health education and counseling. Post-intervention questionnaire was introduced at 12 months. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of women, following the interventions, with particular reference to poor oral hygiene and tobacco use being main cause of oral cancer (P = 0.007), knowledge of ill effects of second hand smoke (P = 0.0001), knowledge about possibility of early detection of oral cancer (P = 0.0001), perception of pictorial and written warnings on tobacco products (P = 0.0001), and availability of help for quitting tobacco (P = 0.024). Conclusion: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use is very high among urban women from lower socioeconomic strata. Therefore, tobacco awareness programs and tobacco cessation services tailor made for this group of women must be planned and implemented.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A survival study
Authors: Baruah Upasana , Barmon Debabrata , Kataki Amal Chandra , Deka Pankaj , Hazarika Munlima , Saikia Bhargab J.
Published: February 2015

Context: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis in spite of the best possible care. Primary debulking surgery has been the standard of care in advanced ovarian cancer; however, it is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates as shown in various studies. Several studies have discussed the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the survival statistics of the patients who have been managed with interval debulking surgery (IDS) from January 2007 to December 2009. Materials and Methods: During the period from January 2007 to December 2009, a retrospective analysis of 104 patients who underwent IDS for stage IIIC or IV advanced epithelial ovarian cancer at our institute were selected for the study. IDS was attempted after three to five courses of chemotherapy with paclitaxal (175 mg/m 2 ) and carboplatin (5-6 of area under curve). Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were compared with results of primary debulking study from existing literature. OS and PFS rates were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Results were statistically analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The median OS was 26 months and the median PFS was 18 months. In multivariate analysis it was found that both OS and PFS was affected by the stage, and extent of debulking. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical cytoreduction is a promising treatment strategy for the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancers.
Time from last chemotherapy to death and its correlation with the end of life care in a referral hospital
Authors: Karim Syed Mustafa , Zekri Jamal , Abdelghany Ehab , Dada Reyad , Munsoor Husna , Ahmad Imran
Published: February 2015

Background: A substantial number of cancer patients receive chemotherapy until the end of life (EoL). Various factors have been shown to be associated with receipt of chemotherapy until near death. In this study, we determine our average time from last chemotherapy to death (TLCD) and explore different factors that may be associated with decreased TLCD. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of adult cancer patients who received chemotherapy during their illness and died in our hospital between January 2010 and January 2012 was conducted. Chi-square test and t-test were used to examine the correlation between selected factors and use of chemotherapy within 60 days of death. Multivariate analysis was used to test independent significance of factors testing positive in univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival analysis. Results: Of the 115 cancer patients who died in the hospital, 41 (35.6%) had TLCD of 60 days or less. Patients with better performance status and those dying under medical oncology service were more likely to be in this group of patients. Univariate analysis showed that these patients were less likely to have palliative care involvement, were more likely to die of treatment related causes, and more likely to have died in the Intensive Care Unit. Multivariate analysis confirmed lack of palliative care involvement and better performance status as independent factors for TLCD less than 60 days. Survival analyses showed that patients with palliative care involvement and those dying under palliative care service were likely to have significantly longer TLCD. Conclusions: Cancer patients who have no involvement of palliative care team in their management tend to receive chemotherapy near the EoL, have more aggressive EoL care, and have higher risk of dying die from treatment related complications. Palliative care should be involved early in the care of cancer patients.
Commentary on 19 th annual scientific meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology
Authors: Jalali Rakesh
Published: February 2015

The Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) is the premier organization dedicated to the cause of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Although it is primarily located in North America, it attracts considerable memberships from all over the world with truly multi-disciplinary representations from not only neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, medical oncology and basic scientists, but also in recent years from imaging, psychology, epidemiology, public health and industry, etc. SNO annual meetings are very much looked forward to with presentations of the latest cutting edge data as well as several educational sessions for trainees and updates for senior members too. The meeting is unique in the way that almost the entire scientific agenda is based on submitted abstracts with very few invited lectures.
Updates from the 2014 San antonio breast cancer symposium
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah
Published: February 2015

The san antonio breast cancer syposium (SABCS 2014) was an exciting one this year. Data from the SOFT trial was presented that had potential implications on the treatment of pre menapausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. In a phase II trial fulvestrant was found to significantly improve progression free and overall survival compared to anastrazole in the first line treatment of women with hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. We saw a number of intersting abstracts looking at trying to refine the role of platinums and exploring the role of blocking PD-1 among women with triple receptor negative breast cancer. We also saw the results of a number of trials trying to refine standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Here we will review some fon the most interesting abstracts presented this year at SABCS 2014.
The DiscoDNC v2 – A Comprehensive Tool for Deterministic Network Calculus
Authors: Bondorf Steffen , Schmitt Jens
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we present the Disco Deterministic Network Calculator v2 – our continuation in the effort to provide open-source tool support for worst-case performance analysis. The major achievement of this release is the provision of a well-documented network calculus implementation that enables for straight-forward application as well as easy extensibility. Apart from a fair amount of bug fixes that improve the tightness of the derived bounds, our efforts resulted in two main differences to the previous versions: the first is the rigorous modularization of network calculus analyses into their distinct components and the second is a comprehensive set of functional tests for our tool.