bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexually Dimorphic Increases in Bone Mass Following Tissue-specific Overexpression of Runx1 in Osteoclast Precursors
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Martha Elena , Kinter Christopher W , Watson Shana R , Mella-Velazquez Giovanni , Kaiser Jarred , Liu Guanglu , Khan Nazir M , Roberts Joseph L , Lorenzo Joseph , Drissi Hicham
Published: July 2022

Many metabolic bone diseases arise as a result excessive osteoclastic bone resorption, which has motivated efforts to identify new molecular targets that can inhibit the formation or activity of these bone-resorbing cells. Mounting evidence indicates that the transcription factor Runx1 acts as a transcriptional repressor of osteoclast formation. Prior studies using a conditional knockout approach suggested that Runx1 in osteoclast precursors acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis; however, the effects of upregulation of Runx1 on osteoclast formation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of conditional overexpression of Runx1 in preosteoclasts by crossing novel Runx1 gain-of-function mice (Rosa26-LSL-Runx1) with LysM-Cre transgenic mice. We observed a sex-dependent effect whereby overexpression of Runx1 in female mice increased trabecular bone microarchitectural indices and improved torsion biomechanical properties. These effects were likely mediated by delayed osteoclastogenesis and decreased bone resorption. Transcriptomics analyses during osteoclastogenesis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in the Runx1-overexpressing cells, with enrichment of genes related to redox signaling, apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation, and bone remodeling. These data further confirm the antiosteoclastogenic activities of Runx1 and provide new insight into the molecular targets that may mediate these effects.
Change in Central Cardiovascular Function in Response to Intense Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Astorino Todd A. , Causer Ejaz , Hazell Tom J. , Arhen Ben , Gurd Brendon J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) significantly increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) which enhances endurance performance and health status. Whether this response is due to increases in central cardiovascular function (cardiac output and blood volume) or peripheral factors is unknown.

Purpose

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of HIIT and SIT (referred to as intense interval training) on changes in central cardiovascular function.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of eight databases for studies denoting increases in V̇O2max in which cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), blood volume, plasma volume, end-diastolic/systolic volume, or hematocrit were measured.

Results

Forty-five studies were included in this analysis, comprising 946 men and women of various health status (age and V̇O2max = 20 - 76 yr and 13 - 61 mL·kg-1·min-1) who performed 6 – 96 sessions of interval training. Results showed an increase in V̇O2max with intense interval training that was classified as a large effect (d = 0.83). Stroke volume (d = 0.69) and CO (d = 0.49) had moderate effect sizes in response to intense interval training. Of 27 studies in which CO was measured, 77 % exhibited significant increases in resting CO or that obtained during exercise. Similarly, 93 % of studies revealed significant increases in SV in response to intense interval training. Effect sizes for these outcomes were larger for clinical versus healthy populations. Plasma volume, blood volume, and hematocrit had small effect sizes after training (d = 0.06 - 0.14).

Conclusions

Increases in V̇O2max demonstrated with intense interval training are attendant with increases in central O2 delivery with little contribution from changes in hematocrit, blood volume, or plasma volume.
Platform Governance
Authors: Teh Tat-How
Published: July 2022

Platforms that intermediate trades—such as Amazon, Airbnb, and eBay—play a regulatory role in deciding how to govern the marketplaces  they create. We propose a framework to analyze a platform’s nonprice governance design and its incentive to act in a welfare-enhancing manner. We show that the platform’s governance design can be distorted toward inducing insufficient or excessive seller competition, depending on the nature of the fee instrument employed by the platform. These results are illustrated with micro-founded applications to a platform’s control over seller entry, information provision and recommendations, quality standards, and search-design choices. (JEL D21, D83, L15, L23, L81, M37)
A Theory of Crime and Vigilance
Authors: Vásquez Jorge
Published: July 2022

This paper develops a theory of crime in which potential victims elect their vigilance levels. When vigilance expenses are greater than expected property losses, an increase in penalties raises crime, namely, a criminal Laffer curve emerges. This curve is higher and peaks earlier when victims face higher costs. Thus, the government may wish to subsidize vigilance rather than increase penalties. Indeed, an increase in penalties may shift the vigilance levels further away from their socially optimal ones. Finally, the crime rate first rises and then falls in the property value at stake, which is consistent with the empirical evidence. (JEL D91, H76, K42)
Trust and Promises over Time
Authors: Ederer Florian , Schneider Frédéric
Published: July 2022

Using a large-scale hybrid laboratory and online trust experiment with and without preplay communication, we investigate how the passage of time affects trust. Communication (predominantly through promises) raises cooperation, trust, and trustworthiness by about 50 percent. This result holds even when three weeks pass between the time of the trustee’s message/the trustor’s decision to trust and the time of the trustee’s contribution choice and even when this contribution choice is made outside of the lab. Delay between the beginning of the interaction and the time to reciprocate neither substantially alters trust or trustworthiness nor affects how subjects communicate. (JEL C91, D83, D91, Z13)
Adviser Compensation, Endogenous Entry, and the Advice Gap
Authors: Thiel Jurre H.
Published: July 2022

To prevent biased advice, regulators increasingly ban commission payments to financial advisers. Such bans are associated with “advice gaps,” meaning that advice becomes less accessible. To understand the trade-off between the quality and accessibility of advice, this paper develops a model of price competition in advice markets with endogenous entry of advisers. While commission bans increase consumer surplus in the short run, they hurt the profitability of advisers. In the long run, advisers exit the market, advice becomes inaccessible, and consumer surplus decreases. These results imply that accounting for the endogeneity of market structure is important when regulating advice. (JEL D82, J33, L51, L84, L88, M52)
Learning in Games and the Interpretation of Natural Experiments
Authors: Fudenberg Drew , Levine David K.
Published: July 2022

We show that the treatment effect estimated by standard methods such as regression discontinuity analysis or difference-in-differences may contain a transient “learning effect” that is entangled with the long-term effect of the treatment. This learning effect occurs when the variable of interest is the agents’ efforts, when treatment and control correspond to success or failure: success or failure gives agents information about how much their effort matters, and consequently changes the amount of effort they provide after treatment. We examine the impact of the learning effect and when it is likely to be substantial. (JEL C13, C21, D72, D74, D83, I20)
The Focal Luce Model
Authors: Kovach Matthew , Tserenjigmid Gerelt
Published: July 2022

We introduce the Focal Luce Model (FLM), a random choice model that generalizes Luce’s (1959) model (multinomial logit) to account for menu-dependent focality of alternatives. In the FLM, focal alternatives are relatively more likely to be chosen even after taking utilities into account. The FLM captures a variety of bounded rationality models while behaviorally distinguishing between what is focal and the magnitude of the bias from focality. We show how to identify utilities, focal sets, and bias terms from choice frequencies; behaviorally characterize the FLM by weakening Luce’s (1959) independence from irrelevant alternatives; and apply our model to choice data and games. (JEL C70, D11, D91)
Substitution Effects in Intertemporal Problems
Authors: Dragone Davide , Vanin Paolo
Published: July 2022

We consider a broad class of intertemporal economic problems and characterize the short-run and long-run responses of the demand for a good to a permanent increase in its market price. Depending on the interplay between self-productivity and time discounting, we show that dynamic substitution effects can generate price elasticities of opposite signs in the short run and in the long run. (JEL D11, D15, H20, J22, J24)
Obesity - lifestyle choice or a disease? Changes in perception of obesity
Authors: Pawlikowska-Gorzelańczyk Anna , Szuster Ewa , Kostrzewska Paulina , Mandera-Grygierzec Amanda
Published: July 2022

Introduction and purpose

Nowadays obesity has become a main problem in the world’s population and it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases. Over the years perception of obesity has diametrically changed. Obesity is no longer the result of bad choices but serious medical problem. The aim of this study is to show how changes in perception of obesity affect the obesity pandemic.

Review methods

The literature review included articles available on the websites of health-related organizations and databasis on PubMed. As a part of analysis systematic search of current scientific data was performed.

Description of the state of knowledge

Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation and in adults BMI ≥30 is necessary to recognize it. Obesity has plenty of consequences such as diabetes, hypertension, cancers etc. In June 2013 the American Medical Association made a decision to recognize obesity as a disease. That changed the perception of obesity by the public and caused many actions in prevention and treatment. Management of obese patient consists of diagnosis the obesity-causing diseases, recognition of eating and physicall activity habits. Surgical as well pharmacological treatment is available and should be individually considered.

Summary

Recognition of obesity as a disease requires health organisations to build special prevention and treatment programs. Nowadays there is an array of treatment methods for obesity. However the most important method to stop the pandemic is education and promotion of a healthy lifestyle, according to the motto, prevention is better than cure.
Consumer awareness and sweetener consumption habits of dietetics students
Authors: Jaruga-Sękowska Sylwia , Staśkiewicz Wiktoria , Woźniak-Holecka Joanna , Wanat-Kańtoch Gabriela , Kardas Marek , Wójcicka Agata
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The incidence of obesity has continued to rise over the years, a problem that is driving increased consumer interest in agents that can replace sucrose. Sweet taste is linked to feelings of pleasure and happiness. For this reason, among others, substances that are alternatives to sugar have received increasing attention over the past few years. The aim of the study was to assess consumer awareness and sweetener consumption habits of dietetics students. Material and methods. The study included 201 participants aged 18-27 years studying nutrition. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). A proprietary validated survey questionnaire was used to assess consumer awareness and assess eating habits Results. The subjects' nutritional status was examined by assessing their BMI. Most of the respondents had a BMI described as normal. Respondents mostly sometimes focused attention on the amount of calories consumed during the day, with 64.68% (N=130) of respondents giving this answer. Respondents cited health benefits (28.36%; N=57), energy value (20.40%; N=41), and taste (17.91%; N=36) as the most influential factor in choosing a particular sweetener. The study group's nutritional knowledge of sweeteners was unsatisfactory.  Conclusions. Dietetics students' knowledge of sweeteners is alarmingly low. Most of the respondents had a BMI described as normal. In view of the low level of knowledge of the respondents, additional measures should be introduced resulting in an increase in the awareness of students in the described field, for example, increasing the number of lectures covering the above topics.
Révolutions arabes, entre le local et le global
Authors: Dayan-Herzbrun Sonia
Published: July 2022

Il importe de sortir du cadre d’une épistémologie coloniale et d’inscrire les mobilisations collectives désignées sous le nom de Printemps arabe, dans une dynamique propre d›un type nouveau, avec ses temporalités, ses frontières mouvantes, où les divisions Nord/Sud et Est/Ouest ne sont plus déterminantes, et ses spécificités socio-politiques. On y constate les effets conjugués de la globalisation et de l’enracinement dans le local.
Constitutionalisme et modèles culturels : l’Islam et l’Occident. Une approche depuis la théologie politique
Authors: López Fernando Oliván
Published: July 2022

La crise du constitutionnalisme actuel nous amène à chercher de nouvelles formes pour interpréter la réalité politique. Les récentes révolutions arabes nous placent devant la piste d’un nouveau paradigme interprétatif : la nécessité de reconnaître le fait religieux comme facteur déterminant du processus politique. De là l’importance de concepts comme la Théologie politique pour la nouvelle analyse politique.
Le processus de réforme constitutionnelle en Algérie : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Ferdiou Ouelhadj
Published: July 2022

L’Algérie qui a fait l’expérience de la réforme constitutionnelle imposée par « la rue » bien avant l’avènement des autres « Printemps arabes », ne s’est pas moins engagée à achever le processus de démocratisation amorcé en 1989. Toutefois, en raison du refus de l’opposition de cautionner une réforme constitutionnelle décidée et encadrée par le pouvoir, mais plus encore sans doute à cause de l’absence manifesté d’une vision consensuelle au niveau des « centres de décision », le projet de révision de la loi fondamentale peine à se matérialiser.
Ecole et révolution tunisienne : « un sanctuaire de paix et de sciences ou un terreau de violences »
Authors: Remili Donia
Published: July 2022

La violence a toujours été une partie prenante dans notre vie. Il se trouve que ce phénomène est susceptible de s’amplifier à la faveur de certains mouvements sociaux, suite à des mutations psychologiques et sociopolitiques, qui pourraient envahir une société entière et affecter tous les domaines, dont, notamment, le secteur de l’enseignement, qui fait l’objet de la présente étude. Nous assistons aujourd’hui, en post-révolution, à une exacerbation du phénomène de la violence à l’école, sous toutes ses formes, et essentiellement de l’hétéro- -agressivité entre les différents acteurs dans les établissements scolaires en Tunisie. Nous allons essayer d’identifier les perceptions de la violence par les différents intervenants dans l’opération éducative, à savoir, l’enseignant, l’apprenant et les parents, à travers une approche psychosociale, via l’étude de trois cas, illustrant la relation triangulaire entre ces acteurs, de même que leurs explications des causes qui sous-tendent la violence à l’école, notamment dans cette conjoncture sociopolitique particulière.
Europeanization Postponed: The Role of Veto Players in Shaping Convergence With The EU’s Conflict Resolution and Internal Market Integration Policies in Moldova and Georgia
Authors: Brown Jeffrey Ellison
Published: July 2022

This thesis analyzes the implementation of the EU’s Eastern Neighborhood Policy (ENP) in Georgia and Moldova by comparing two policy fields – conflict resolution and integration into the internal market. I argue that in the absence of a concrete membership perspective, the EU’s policy specific conditionality and technical assistance result in low levels of implementation, which remains constant across policy fields and states. I explain this by focusing on the presence of formal and informal veto players responsible for blocking and easing implementation of EU norms and rules. In doing so, this thesis highlights the emergence of non-traditional veto players in agrarian states with pro-EU coalitions such as Georgia and Moldova.
Armenia’s foreign policy between European identity and Eurasian integration
Authors: Terzyan Aram
Published: July 2022

The dichotomy of European and Eurasian paths to integration revolving around foreign policy of Armenia ended up with its membership into the Russian-led Customs Union (CU). The decision sparked vigorous debates in Armenia, particularly pertaining to challenges and constraints of identity-based foreign policy making. The article examines the driving forces behind Armenia’s membership into the Customs Union with a special emphasis on the core obstacles that rendered its long-desired EU Association perspective unfeasible. Armenia’s abrupt move away from the European Union (EU) and a shift in Eurasian integration clearly indicated that its identity-based foreign policy agenda is overly hindered by constraints stemming from heavy economic and political dependence on Russia.
DESENCONTROS ENTRE COSMOPERCEPÇÕES AFRICANAS (ETNIAS YORÙBÁ E IGBO) E FEMINISMOS OCIDENTAIS SOBRE MATERNIDADE. NOTAS A PARTIR DE IFI AMADIUME E OYÈRÓNKÉ OYÉWÙMÍ
Authors: Castro Mary Garcia
Published: July 2022

Considera-se este artigo, notas, modelado com o objetivo de contribuirpara debates sobre reprodução social, trabalho doméstico e maternidade, em curso e por vir. É também parte hoje de um projeto de vida que se norteia por “decolonizar saberes”, mais conhecer sobre a mãe África, a ancestralidade comum, e, de alguma forma, lidar criticamente com a minha branquitude. Após breves referências às etnias Igbo e Yorùbáeàs autoras nigerianas Amaudime e Oyéwùmí, discuto artigo de Amadiume (2005), mais referido à cultura Igbo e publicações de Oyéwùmí (2000, 2005 e 2015) que decolam da filosofia de vida da cultura Yorùbá, destacando críticas dessas autoras a formulações feministas ocidentais sobre gênero e maternidade. De Oyéwùmí (2015) pinço o conceito de “matripotência” sugerido pela cultura Yorùbá e o que considera como “materfobia” em perspectivas feministas ocidentais. Identifico, acima de tais divergências, a propriedade, ou melhor, a potencialidade da maternidade para a reprodução social.
el trasfondo afectivo intersubjetivo en la adquisición de conocimiento y la confianza como actitud epistémica
Authors: Fajardo santamaría Jesús Armando , Santana espitia Ana Cristina
Published: July 2022

Among the wide variety of experiences linked to academic work, there are some intense affective experiences that are more directly related to the conceptual development that the learners will achieve because they are intrinsically linked to the activity displayed during the acquisition of knowledge, such is the case of curiosity, confusion and surprise. These epistemic emotions that occur during learning activities are aimed at the conceptual content of the individual's beliefs. The objective of this work is to theoretically explore the idea that the conceptual development that occurs in educational contexts depends on the development of an affective tendency with an intersubjective base that serves as a background to the advent of epistemic emotions in social learning situations. The confidence with which a learning situation is faced is a general tendency (an epistemic attitude) fruit of the individual's trajectory that functions as a background for the activities in which knowledge is acquired. An adequate understanding of the relationships between epistemic emotions, confidence and knowledge can generate ideas that promote the consolidation of this attitude as a facet of learning in school. As pedagogical implications of this conceptual model, some common epistemic emotional patterns are presented in asymmetrical relationships between teachers and children.
Em busca de outras coordenadas epistêmicas: breve enunciação entre decolonialidade e a formação universitária de professores indígenas no Amazonas
Authors: Paes Luciane Rocha , Santos Rita Floramar fernandes dos , Ricardo Helenice Aparecida , Vieira Alva Rosa Lana
Published: July 2022

O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma interlocução sobre os pressupostos decoloniais e a interculturalidade crítica a partir do contexto do ensino universitário e da formação de professores indígenas, posto que, os povos indígenas, por um contexto de luta e resistência, cada vez mais estão tendo acesso às universidades, porém a linguagem e o discurso nestes espaços ainda são eurocêntricos e assimétricos, em certa medida silenciam a voz da interlocução dos saberes, dos conhecimentos e da ciência ancestral produzida pelos povos indígenas. Com isso, propomos neste escrito enunciados para pensar as pluralidades de conhecimentos e saberes tradicionais que possibilite este caminho como inferência a alteridade, a democracia e a diversidade, prerrogativas a fim de fortalecer e transpor arranjos hegemônicos presentes nas estruturas institucionais.
RELAÇÕES COMERCIAIS E ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS PARA ESTRANGEIROS – A ELABORAÇÃO DE GRAMÁTICAS NOS SÉCULOS XVIII E XIX
Authors: Guerra Débora Marinho , Melo Patrick Santos
Published: July 2022

Antecedentes históricos entre Portugal e Inglaterra propiciaram o estreitamento dos laços entre os dois países resultando em inúmeros acordos de comércio e navegação, e a língua sempre estava lá permeando as relações. Graças, então, às necessidades de aprendizagem advindas delas, Portugal entrou numa nova era de difusão da língua que se daria por meio de gramáticas O comércio que havia dado a partida à elaboração de gramáticas de português para negociantes ingleses também passou a ser o objetivo final da elaboração dessas obras. Se as negociações eram travadas por meio da língua, a própria língua parecia ser também um bom negócio, ampliando seu público. A diversidade do público-alvo requisitava gramáticas que equilibrassem a variedade linguística literária com a variedade linguística de uso popular formal. Nesse sentido, a gramaticografia do PLE, apresentada neste artigo no contexto inglês, vem ampliando a visão dos estudos historiográficos do português através da recuperação de dados e reconstituição de ideias e cenários. Ela traz à tona diferentes graus de formalidade da língua, revelando variações em si mesma e fornecendo subsídios para se pensar o ensino de português pluricêntrico. Para entender melhor em que medida já se valorizava o ensino pluricêntrico da língua, analisamos duas gramáticas de português para estrangeiros: (A) A New Portuguese Grammar in four parts (1768), de António Vieira Transtagano; (B) Practical and easy method of learning the portuguese language (1869), de Lopes de Cabano. Para tanto, adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, inspirada nos princípios da pesquisa bibliográfica (CERVO; BERVIAN; SILVA, 2006) e historiográfica (KOERNER, 1995 apud BATISTA, 2013).
O PLURICENTRISMO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NAS VOZES DE ESTUDANTES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Macário Maria João
Published: July 2022

A globalização e a facilidade de comunicação e movimentação que lhe está associada continua a caracterizar o século XXI e essa realidade afeta também as línguas, que estão em maior contacto umas com as outras, logo são supranacionais e adaptam-se aos contextos, às culturas, às realidades vividas pelos seus falantes. A língua portuguesa não é exceção e apresenta diferentes normas com estatutos diferentes, em função das relações de poder económico, político, cultural que se estabelecem entre elas, pelo que a variação intralinguística que apresenta faz dela uma língua pluricêntrica.O estudo que aqui apresentamos parte deste pressuposto. Foi desenvolvido no ano letivo de 2021/2022, numa escola superior de educação portuguesa, tendo como participantes 23 estudantes de um curso técnico superior profissional, no âmbito de uma unidade curricular de língua portuguesa. Tínhamos como objetivos i) identificar as representações dos participantes quanto à variação e difusão da língua portuguesa e ii) compreender o modo como os participantes sentem a língua portuguesa. A consecução destes dois objetivos permitiu-nos refletir sobre propostas didáticas no âmbito da educação em português promotoras da sensibilização para o caráter pluricêntrico da língua portuguesa. Para isso, recolhemos dados através de reflexões desenvolvidas num fórum de discussão online e de respostas a um questionário[1] de escolha múltipla enquadrado num jogo online (kahoot). A análise de conteúdo que realizámos permitiu-nos identificar a necessidade de um maior aprofundamento dos estudantes relativamente às características de variação e difusão da língua. Apesar disso, os estudantes apresentam uma relação afetiva com a língua portuguesa e de constatação da sua presença no mundo, sob diferentes roupagens, que resultam na sua enorme riqueza. Estes resultados levaram-nos a refletir sobre a necessidade de promoção de uma sensibilização por parte dos estudantes sobre o caráter pluricêntrico da língua portuguesa.
OLHAR PARA O FUTURO PELA HISTÓRIA: SOBRE A IMPLANTAÇÃO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO BRASIL
Authors: Kaltner Leonardo Ferreira , Teixeira Viviane
Published: July 2022

O Plano de Ação da Praia (2021), que surgiu no âmbito da XIII Conferência de Chefes de Estado e de Governo da CPLP, realizado em Luanda, Angola, apresenta entre seus tópicos o fomento às “políticas públicas para a promoção da leitura”. Nesse sentido, debatemos, no presente artigo, como documentos históricos sobre a implantação da língua portuguesa no Brasil, por exemplo, podem servir como elementos de cooperação intercultural, para a promoção de uma interpretação historiográfica comum aos países do bloco multicultural. Apresentamos, para esse fim, o campo teórico da Linguística Missionária, linha de pesquisas específica da disciplina Historiografia (da) Linguística (HL), e interdisciplinar à Ecolinguística, que interpreta documentos da intelectualidade missionária do período colonial da América portuguesa. Como exemplo da interpretação desse fundo documental, selecionamos o relato da Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, de 1500, sobre a primeira missa na então chamada Ilha da Vera Cruz. Demonstramos como a interpretação desse corpus textual, pela HL, pode facultar o seu emprego, por exemplo, na promoção da releitura de documentos históricos comuns ao Brasil e à Europa, em uma perspectiva decolonial.
A Matemática nos cursos superiores em saúde: mapear e conhecer
Authors: Priebe Débora Danielle Alves Moraes , Alvarenga Karly Barbosa
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender a Matemática ensinada nos cursos superiores da área de saúde por meio da produção acadêmica brasileira de teses e dissertações publicadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). O artigo é fruto de um recorte de uma tese de doutorado. Ele consiste em uma investigação teórica, possui uma abordagem qualitativa com respaldos numéricos e o tipo de estudo é exploratório e descritivo. Foram realizadas buscas na plataforma a partir de descritores e operadores para quantificar e comparar a produção científica da área e selecionou-se 13 trabalhos relacionados aos cursos de ensino superior em saúde, que foram analisados quanto aos seus objetivos, suas metodologias de pesquisa e seus resultados. Os trabalhos direcionados aos cursos da área de saúde correspondem a apenas 1,06% da produção dirigida exclusivamente ao Ensino Superior, abordando os cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina, Biomedicina, Ciências Biológicas, Nutrição e Zootecnia. A maior parte dos estudos (n = 9) apresenta propostas metodológicas de ensino e integração da Matemática com as demais disciplinas, enquanto os demais (n = 4) realizam análises curriculares. Os resultados dos trabalhos analisados, em geral, indicaram que a Matemática tem se apresentado fragmentada nos currículos estudados e propuseram estratégias metodológicas de contextualização dos conceitos ensinados com a prática profissional.
Dinámica de la contienda política en Manabí, Ecuador: la relación del Fondo de Desarrollo Rural Marginal (FODERUMA) con la Unión Provincial de Organizaciones Campesinas de Manabí (UPOCAM), 1972-1979
Authors: Trujillo Rivadeneira Antonio
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo trata el proceso de contienda política que se generó en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador, durante los últimos años de la década de 1970 entre la Unión Provincial de Organizaciones Campesinas de Manabí (UPOCAM) y el Fondo de Desarrollo Rural Marginal (FODERUMA). La hipótesis de la investigación, que utiliza el concepto de contienda política para explicar el fenómeno social en cuestión, es que, tras el cambio de modelo de Estado ocurrido en Ecuador entre 1976 y 1979, la relación orgánica que mantenía la UPOCAM con el FODERUMA se rompe, generando así un proceso de disputa entre estas dos organizaciones.
Effects of color-enhancing glasses on color vision in congenital red-green color deficiencies
Authors: Patterson E. J. , Mastey R. R. , Kuchenbecker J. A. , Rowlan J. , Neitz J. , Neitz M. , Carroll J.
Published: July 2022

As commercially available glasses for color vision deficiency (CVD) are classified as low risk, they are not subject to stringent marketing regulations. We investigate how EnChroma and VINO glasses affect performance on the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test in individuals with CVD. Data were obtained from 51 individuals with red-green CVD. Blood or saliva samples were collected to examine the structure of the OPN1LW/OPN1MW array. Individuals completed the CAD test twice without glasses and once with each pair of glasses. Although there was a statistically significant effect of both glasses, only that of VINO could be considered functionally meaningful.
Interferometric measurements of nonlinear refractive index in the infrared spectral range
Authors: Jansonas Gaudenis , Budriūnas Rimantas , Vengris Mikas , Varanavičius Arūnas
Published: July 2022

This study presents the development and application of interferometric technique for the measurement of nonlinear refractive index of optical materials, while directly accounting for experimentally determined laser pulse shape and beam profile. The method was employed in a systematic study of nonlinear refractive index on a series of common optical materials used in near and mid-IR spectral range, where experimental data on nonlinear material properties is still scarce. The values of nonlinear refractive index were determined at 1.03 µm, 2.2 µm, and 3.2 µm. The measurement results are compared to the values determined by previous studies (where available), and the influence of cascaded second-order nonlinearities is discussed.
The role of CFA/I in adherence and toxin delivery by ETEC expressing multiple colonization factors in the human enteroid model
Authors: Smith Emily M. , Grassel Christen L. , Papadimas Antonia , Foulke-Abel Jennifer , Barry Eileen M.
Published: July 2022

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a primary causative agent of diarrhea in travelers and young children in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). ETEC adhere to intestinal epithelia via colonization factors (CFs) and secrete heat-stable toxin (ST) and/or heat-labile toxin (LT), causing dysregulated cellular ion transport and water secretion. ETEC isolates often harbor genes encoding more than one CF that are targets as vaccine antigens. CFA/I is a major CF that is associated with ETEC that causes moderate-to-severe diarrhea and plays an important role in pathogenesis. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study finding that 78% of CFA/I-expressing ETEC also encode the minor CF CS21 prompted investigation of the combined role of these two CFs. Western blots and electron microscopy demonstrated growth media-dependent and strain-dependent differences in CFA/I and CS21 expression. The critical role of CFA/I in adherence by ETEC strains expressing CFA/I and CS21 was demonstrated using the human enteroid model and a series of CFA/I- and CS21-specific mutants. Furthermore, only anti-CFA/I antibodies inhibited adherence by global ETEC isolates expressing CFA/I and CS21. Delivery of ST and resulting cGMP secretion was measured in supernatants from infected enteroid monolayers, and strain-specific ST delivery and time-dependent cGMP production was observed. Interestingly, cGMP levels were similar across wildtype and CF-deficient strains, reflecting a limitation of this static aerobic infection model. Despite adherence by ETEC and delivery of ST, the enteroid monolayer integrity was not disrupted, as shown by the lack of decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the lack of IL-8 cytokines produced during infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate that targeting CFA/I in global clinical CFA/I-CS21 strains is sufficient for adherence inhibition, supporting a vaccine strategy that focuses on blocking major CFs. In addition, the human enteroid model has significant utility for the study of ETEC pathogenesis and evaluation of vaccine-induced functional antibody responses.
Assessing the online search behavior for COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Samadbeik Mahnaz , Garavand Ali , Aslani Nasim , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , Fatehi Farhad
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Google Trends (GT) is an important free tool for online search behavior analysis, which provides access to Internet search patterns in Google. In recent decades, this database has been used for predicting the outbreak of epidemics and pandemics in different regions of the world. The present study aimed to evaluate Iranian users’ COVID-19-related online search behavior.

Methods

This longitudinal study was conducted in 2021. The data of Iranian users’ COVID-19-related online search behavior (trend) were collected from the GT website, and the epidemiological data of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran from 16 February 2020 to 2 January 2021 were sourced from the Iranian ministry of health and medical education, as well as the World Health Organization. The data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

All the COVID-19-related search terms in Iran gained their highest popularity value (relative search volume = 100) in the first 8 weeks of the pandemic, and then this value assumed a decreasing trend over time. Based on factor analysis, relative search volume (RSV) of factor 1 terms (related to corona [in Persian] and corona) have a low significance relationship with COVID-19 epidemiological data in one-, two-, and three-week time lags. Although, RSV of factor 2 terms (related to COVID [in Persian], COVID-19, and coronavirus) correlated with the total weekly number of COVID-19 cases in mentioned time lags.

Conclusion

COVID-19-related search terms were popular among Iranian users at the beginning of the pandemic. The online search queries and the key terms searched by Iranian users varied during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides evidence in favor of the adoption of GT as an epidemiological surveillance tool but, it is necessary to consider that mass media and other confounders can significantly influence RSVs.
Interest rate volatility and financing of Islamic banks
Authors: Nouman Muhammad , Hashim Maria , Trifan Vanina Adoriana , Spinu Adina Eleonora , Siddiqi Muhammad Fahad , Khan Farman Ullah
Published: July 2022

Despite a direct ban on charging interest, interest-based benchmarks are used as a pricing reference by a majority of Islamic banks, due in part to the absence of stable and widely- published alternatives. Benchmarking interest rate exposes Islamic banks to the problems of conventional banks, particularly the interest rate risk. Against this backdrop, the present study empirically examines the dynamic linkage between the interest rate volatility and the financing of Islamic banks. The empirical analysis is carried using evidence from the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan during the time period 2006–2020. The multivariate Johansen and Jusiles Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are used as the baseline econometric models. Moreover, the DCC-GARCH model is employed for robustness and ensuring the consistency of results. The results indicate that a significant long-term and short-term relationship exists between the interest rate volatility and the financing of Islamic banking industry providing significant evidence for co-movements and convergence. These findings suggest that paradoxical as it may seem, the financing of Islamic banks operating within a dual banking system is subject to interest rate risk, mainly due to benchmarking interest rate, which in-turn makes Islamic banks vulnerable to the rate of return risk and withdrawal risk. Moreover, corporate financing, in particular, is more vulnerable to interest rate risk.
Oncology provider experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arem Hannah , Moses Jenna , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Killackey Maureen , Sieloff Beth , Cisneros Cindy , Pratt-Chapman Mandi L.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic upended nearly all aspects of daily life and of medical care, placing a double burden of professional and personal concerns on those who provide medical care. We set out to assess the burden of the pandemic on provider outlook and understand how cancer survivorship providers experienced rapid changes to practice.

Methods

We distributed a survey through the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) to its accredited organizations in mid-October 2020. We included questions on provider characteristics, changes in patient care practices resulting from the pandemic, worry about COVID-19, and concern about impact on cancer survivors.

Results

Of the n = 607 participants, three-quarters were female and three-quarters were White. Only 2.1% of participants reported having had COVID-19, but 43% reported anxiety about getting COVID-19 and over a quarter experienced sadness or depression, anxiety about the future, changes to sleep, difficulty concentrating, or social isolation. Approximately half of providers also expressed significant concern about progression of cancer in patients who experienced care delays or were afraid of accessing in-person care. In terms of changes to survivorship care, respondents reported changes to visitor policies, delays or cancellations, and efforts to reduce in-person visits.

Conclusions

COVID-19 has taken a significant toll on front-line healthcare professionals, including oncologists and cancer care allied health professionals. Findings support proactive mental health support of healthcare professionals as well as emergency preparedness to manage delays to care for cancer patients in the event of future unexpected pandemics.
Human- or object-like? Cognitive anthropomorphism of humanoid robots
Authors: Sacino Alessandra , Cocchella Francesca , De Vita Giulia , Bracco Fabrizio , Rea Francesco , Sciutti Alessandra , Andrighetto Luca
Published: July 2022

Across three experiments (N= 302), we explored whether people cognitively elaborate humanoid robots as human- or object-like. In doing so, we relied on the inversion paradigm, which is an experimental procedure extensively used by cognitive research to investigate the elaboration of social (vs. non-social) stimuli. Overall, mixed-model analyses revealed that full-bodies of humanoid robots were subjected to the inversion effect (body-inversion effect) and, thus, followed a configural processing similar to that activated for human beings. Such a pattern of finding emerged regardless of the similarity of the considered humanoid robots to human beings. That is, it occurred when considering bodies of humanoid robots with medium (Experiment 1), high and low (Experiment 2) levels of human likeness. Instead, Experiment 3 revealed that only faces of humanoid robots with high (vs. low) levels of human likeness were subjected to the inversion effects and, thus, cognitively anthropomorphized. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for robotic and psychological research are discussed.
Effectiveness of a case-based digital learning interprofessional workshop involving undergraduates in medical technology, radiological science, and physical therapy: A pre–post intervention study
Authors: Miyata Kazuhiro , Aita Yuichi , Nakajima Syuichi , Sekimoto Michiharu , Setaka Yukako , Tagoya Yoshika , Aoyama Toshiyuki , Maeno Takami , Monma Masahiko , Tomita Kazuhide , Ninomiya Haruhiko
Published: July 2022

All healthcare professionals must understand information on a patient’s biophysical functions, and it is important to educate professionals on how to use this information in an interprofessional team for diagnosis. However, there is little interprofessional education for students of medical technology and radiological science involved in biophysical function diagnosis. In the present study, we developed a case-based interprofessional learning tool for using biophysical information for diagnosis. The study examined the effects of a collaborative exercise workshop for healthcare professional students using the tool. Participants were 234 students from three healthcare professions (medical technology, radiological science, and physical therapy). They completed the Japanese version of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale before and after the workshops. The workshops incorporated digital materials that allowed students to examine the test results of a virtual patient, answer questions, and discuss their diagnoses and prognoses. For analysis, a two-way analysis of variance was performed on the total score on the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale of the three departments, and the effectiveness of the workshop for the three departments was compared. Statistical analyses showed no interaction between time and department (p = 0.283). After the workshop, students from all three departments showed significant improvements in total scores on the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (p < 0.01) with medium to large effect sizes (r = 0.33–0.52). In the comparison between departments, there was a significant difference in the awareness levels of only medical technology and radiological science students before the workshop (p = 0.015). This study conducted case-based learning workshops with students from three departments, in which a patient’s biophysical information was conveyed between occupational practices. The workshops improved the awareness of interprofessional education in students from all departments and revealed that interprofessional education is important for healthcare professions involved in biophysical function diagnosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid features in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: A pilot study
Authors: Paul Marine , Benghanem Sarah , Merceron Sybille , Bellut Hugo , Dumas Florence , Henry Amandine , Bruneel Fabrice , Bedos Jean-Pierre , Cariou Alain , Legriel Stéphane
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Lumbar puncture is among the investigations used to identify various neurological conditions, including some that can cause cardiac arrest (CA). However, CA per se may alter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics. Few studies have investigated CSF findings after CA. In this descriptive work, we assessed the frequency and risk factors of abnormal CSF findings after CA and the contribution of CSF analysis to the etiological diagnosis.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively studied data from prospectively established databases of consecutive patients who were admitted to two French ICUs in 2007–2016 with sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CA and who underwent lumbar puncture as an etiological investigation.

Results

Of 1984 patients with sustained ROSC, 55 (2.7%) underwent lumbar puncture and were included. Lumbar puncture identified a neurological cause of CA in 2/55 (3.6%) patients. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities were noted in 37/53 (69.8%) patients. By multivariate analysis, postresuscitation shock was positively associated with CSF abnormalities (OR, 6.92; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.62–37.26; P = 0.013). A no-flow time above 6 minutes (OR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.03–1.11; P = 0.076) and a respiratory cause of CA (OR, 2.91; 95%CI, 0.53–23.15; P = 0.24) were not statistically associated with CSF abnormalities. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities were not significantly associated with poor outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category ≥3; P = 0.06).

Conclusions

Lumbar puncture, although infrequently performed, may contribute to the etiological diagnosis of CA, albeit rarely. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities seem common after CA, notably with postresuscitation shock, and may be related to blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings may help to interpret CSF findings after CA. Further studies are warranted to assess our results.
Multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods in sensory analysis applied in food science: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Visalli Michel , Galmarini Mara Virginia
Published: July 2022

Background

Sensory perception is a temporal phenomenon highly present in food evaluation. Over the last decades, several sensory analysis methods have been developed to determine how our processing of the stimuli changes during tasting. These methods differ in several parameters: how attributes are characterized (intensity, dominance or applicability), the number of attributes evaluated, the moment of sample characterization (simultaneously with the tasting in continuous or discrete time, retrospectively), the required panel (trained subjects or consumers), etc. At the moment, there is no systematic review encompassing the full scope of this topic. This article presents the protocol for conducting a scoping review on multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods in sensory analysis in food science.

Methods

The protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The research question was "how have multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods been implemented, used and compared in sensory analysis?". The eligibility criteria were defined using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Study design) framework. This protocol details how the articles of the final review will be retrieved, selected and analyzed. The search will be based on the querying of two academic research databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The main topics reported in research involving sensory analyses methods will be identified and summarized in a data extraction form. This form (detailed in the protocol) will be used to report pertinent information regarding the objectives of the review. It could also be reused as a guideline for carrying out and reporting results of future research in a more standardized way. A quality appraisal process was derived from literature. It will be applied on the included articles of the review, and could also be re-used to ensure that future publications meet higher quality levels. Finally, for the sake of transparency, the limitations of the protocol are discussed.