bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergent tetratic order in crowded systems of rotationally asymmetric hard kite particles
Authors: Hou Zhanglin , Zong Yiwu , Sun Zhaoyan , Ye Fangfu , Mason Thomas G. , Zhao Kun
Published: April 2020

Considering multi-body systems of monodisperse hard Brownian particles, it remains challenging to predict the forms of order that can emerge in their dense assembled structures. Surprisingly, here, using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that tetratic-ordered phases emerge in a dense two-dimensional system of hard kites that are rotationally asymmetric and have opposite 72° and α ≈ 90° internal angles. We observe a new tetragonal rectangular crystal (TRX) phase possessing (quasi-)long-range fourfold molecular-orientational order. We propose a method based on local polymorphic configurations of neighboring particle pairs (LPC-NPPs) to understand this emergent tetratic order and show that LPC-NPPs can be useful for predicting orientational order in such systems. To examine the dependence of the tetratic order on α, we apply LPC-NPP analysis to other hard kites for 54° ≤ α ≤ 144°. Our work provides insight into the creation of novel ordered materials by rationally designing particle shape based on anticipated LPC-NPPs.
Publisher Correction: Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations
Authors: Hayes M. Geoffrey , Urbanek Margrit , Ehrmann David A. , Armstrong Loren L. , Lee Ji Young , Sisk Ryan , Karaderi Tugce , Barber Thomas M. , McCarthy Mark I. , Franks Stephen , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Welt Corrine K. , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Panidis Dimitrios , Goodarzi Mark O. , Azziz Ricardo , Zhang Yi , James Roland G. , Olivier Michael , Kissebah Ahmed H. ,   Reproductive Medicine Network, Alvero Ruben , Barnhart Huiman X. , Baker Valerie , Barnhart Kurt T. , Bates G. Wright , Brzyski Robert G. , Carr Bruce R. , Carson Sandra A. , Casson Peter , Cataldo Nicholas A. , Christman Gregory , Coutifaris Christos , Diamond Michael P. , Eisenberg Esther , Gosman Gabriella G. , Giudice Linda C. , Haisenleder Daniel J. , Huang Hao , Krawetz Stephen A. , Lucidi Scott , McGovern Peter G. , Myers Evan R. , Nestler John E. , Ohl Dana , Santoro Nanette , Schlaff William D. , Snyder Peter , Steinkampf Michael P. , Trussell J. C. , Usadi Rebecca , Yan Qingshang , Zhang Heping , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Legro Richard S. , Dunaif Andrea
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Spatio-temporal-spectral imaging of non-repeatable dissipative soliton dynamics
Authors: Jing Joseph C. , Wei Xiaoming , Wang Lihong V.
Published: April 2020

Dissipative solitons (DSs) are multi-dimensionally localized waves that arise from complex dynamical balances in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear systems and widely exist in physics, chemistry and biology. Real-time observations of DS dynamics across many dimensions thus have a broad impact on unveiling various nonlinear complexities in different fields. However, these observations are challenging as DS transitions are stochastic, non-repeatable and often strongly coupled across spatio-temporal-spectral (STS) domains. Here we report multi-dimensional (space xy + discrete time t + wavelength λ) DS dynamics imaged by STS compressed ultrafast photography, enabling imaging at up to trillions of frames per second. Various transient and random phenomena of multimode DSs are revealed, highlighting the importance of real-time multi-dimensional observation without the need for event repetition in decomposing the complexities of DSs.
Comprehensive characterization of mainstream marijuana and tobacco smoke
Authors: Graves Brian M. , Johnson Tyler J. , Nishida Robert T. , Dias Ryan P. , Savareear Benjamin , Harynuk James J. , Kazemimanesh Mohsen , Olfert Jason S. , Boies Adam M.
Published: April 2020

Recent increases in marijuana use and legalization without adequate knowledge of the risks necessitate the characterization of the billions of nanoparticles contained in each puff of smoke. Tobacco smoke offers a benchmark given that it has been extensively studied. Tobacco and marijuana smoke particles are quantitatively similar in volatility, shape, density and number concentration, albeit with differences in size, total mass and chemical composition. Particles from marijuana smoke are on average 29% larger in mobility diameter than particles from tobacco smoke and contain 3.4× more total mass. New measurements of semi-volatile fractions determine over 97% of the mass and volume of the particles from either smoke source are comprised of semi-volatile compounds. For tobacco and marijuana smoke, respectively, 4350 and 2575 different compounds are detected, of which, 670 and 536 (231 in common) are tentatively identified, and of these, 173 and 110 different compounds (69 in common) are known to cause negative health effects through carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, or other toxic mechanisms. This study demonstrates striking similarities between marijuana and tobacco smoke in terms of their physical and chemical properties.
P-ODN: Prototype-based Open Deep Network for Open Set Recognition
Authors: Shu Yu , Shi Yemin , Wang Yaowei , Huang Tiejun , Tian Yonghong
Published: April 2020

Most of the existing recognition algorithms are proposed for closed set scenarios, where all categories are known beforehand. However, in practice, recognition is essentially an open set problem. There are categories we know called “knowns”, and there are more we do not know called “unknowns”. Enumerating all categories beforehand is never possible, consequently, it is infeasible to prepare sufficient training samples for those unknowns. Applying closed set recognition methods will naturally lead to unseen-category errors. To address this problem, we propose the prototype-based Open Deep Network (P-ODN) for open set recognition tasks. Specifically, we introduce prototype learning into open set recognition. Prototypes and prototype radiuses are trained jointly to guide a CNN network to derive more discriminative features. Then P-ODN detects the unknowns by applying a multi-class triplet thresholding method based on the distance metric between features and prototypes. Manual labeling the unknowns which are detected in the previous process as new categories. Predictors for new categories are added to the classification layer to “open” the deep neural networks to incorporate new categories dynamically. The weights of new predictors are initialized exquisitely by applying a distances based algorithm to transfer the learned knowledge. Consequently, this initialization method speeds up the fine-tuning process and reduce the samples needed to train new predictors. Extensive experiments show that P-ODN can effectively detect unknowns and needs only few samples with human intervention to recognize a new category. In the real world scenarios, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the UCF11, UCF50, UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets.
Performance of the nasal photoplethysmographic index as an analgesic index during surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Park Chanki , Yang Min-Ho , Choi Bohyun , Jeon Bokyung , Lee Yong-Hun , Shin Hangsik , Lee Boreom , Choi Byung-Moon , Noh Gyu-Jeong
Published: April 2020

In a previous study, we developed a new analgesic index using nasal photoplethysmography (nasal photoplethysmographic index, NPI) and showed that the NPI was superior to the surgical pleth index (SPI) in distinguishing pain above numerical rating scale 3. Because the NPI was developed using data obtained from conscious patients with pain, we evaluated the performance of NPI in comparison with the SPI and the analgesia nociception index (ANI) in patients under general anaesthesia with target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. The time of nociception occurrence was defined as when the signs of inadequate anaesthesia occurred. The median values of NPI, SPI, and ANI for 1 minute from the time of the sign of inadequate anaesthesia were determined as the value of each analgesic index that represents inadequate anaesthesia. The time of no nociception was determined as 2 minutes before the onset of skin incision, and the median value for 1 minute from that time was defined as the baseline value. In total, 81 patients were included in the analysis. NPI showed good performance in distinguishing inadequate anaesthesia during propofol-remifentanil based general anaesthesia. NPI had the highest value in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, albeit without statistical significance (NPI: 0.733, SPI: 0.722, ANI: 0.668). The coefficient of variations of baseline values of NPI, SPI, and ANI were 27.5, 47.2, and 26.1, respectively. Thus, the NPI was effective for detecting inadequate anaesthesia, showing similar performance with both indices and less baseline inter-individual variability than the SPI.
The emergence of Miocene reefs in South China Sea and its resilient adaptability under varying eustatic, climatic and oceanographic conditions
Authors: Mathew Manoj , Makhankova Adelya , Menier David , Sautter Benjamin , Betzler Christian , Pierson Bernard
Published: April 2020

During the Miocene, extensive carbonate deposition thrived over wide latitudinal ranges in Southeast Asia despite perturbations of the global climate and thermohaline circulation that affected the Asian continent. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of its emergence, adaptability in siliciclastic-dominated margins and demise, especially in southern South China Sea (SCS), are largely speculative and remains enigmatic along with a scarcity of constraints on paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic conditions. Here we show, through newly acquired high-resolution geophysical data and accurate stratigraphic records based on strontium isotopic dating, the evolution of these platforms from ~15.5–9.5 Ma is initially tied to tectonics and eustasy, and ultimately, after ~9.5 Ma, to changes in the global climate patterns and consequent palaeoceanographic conditions. Our results demonstrate at least two paleodeltas that provided favourable substratum of elevated sand bars, which conditioning the emergence of the buildups that inadvertently mirrored the underlying strata. We show unprecedented evidences for ocean current fluctuations linked to the intensification of the Asian summer monsoon winds resulting in the formation of drifts and moats, which extirpated the platforms through sediment removal and starvation. This work highlights the imperative role of palaeoceanography in creating favourable niches for reefal development that can be applicable to carbonate platforms elsewhere.
Cuticular pheromones stimulate hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Wagoner Kaira M. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Schal Coby , Rueppell Olav
Published: April 2020

The health of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is challenged by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the numerous harmful pathogens it vectors. Selective breeding for the naturally occurring social immune trait “hygienic behavior” has emerged as one sustainable approach to reducing the mites’ impact on honey bees. To expand our understanding of hygienic triggers and improve hygienic selection tools, we tested the hypothesis that the cuticular compounds (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene, previously associated with unhealthy honey bee brood and/or brood targeted for hygiene, are triggers of honey bee hygienic behavior independent of brood health. In support of our hypothesis, application of synthetic (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene onto brood and brood cell caps significantly increased hygienic behavior compared to application of similarly structured hydrocarbon controls (Z)-16-dotriacontene and (Z)-7-pentadecene. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant positive correlation between colony-level hygienic responses to (Z)-10-tritriacontene and the traditional freeze-killed brood assay for selection of hygienic honey bee stocks. These results confirm biological activity of (Z)-6-pentadecene and reveal (Z)-10-tritriacontene as a novel hygiene trigger. They also support development of improved tools for honey bee colony monitoring and hygienic selection, and thus may accelerate development of honey bee stocks with greater resistance to Varroa and associated pathogens.
Artificial Neural Networks Solve Musical Problems With Fourier Phase Spaces
Authors: Dawson Michael R. W. , Perez Arturo , Sylvestre Sara
Published: April 2020

How does the brain represent musical properties? Even with our growing understanding of the cognitive neuroscience of music, the answer to this question remains unclear. One method for conceiving possible representations is to use artificial neural networks, which can provide biologically plausible models of cognition. One could train networks to solve musical problems, and then study how these networks encode musical properties. However, researchers rarely examine network structure in detail because networks are difficult to interpret, and because many assume that networks capture informal or subsymbolic properties. Here we report very high correlations between network connection weights and discrete Fourier phase spaces used to represent musical sets. This is remarkable because there is no clear mathematical relationship between network learning rules and discrete Fourier analysis. That networks discover Fourier phase spaces indicates that these spaces have an important role to play outside of formal music theory. Finding phase spaces in networks raises the strong possibility that Fourier components are possible codes for musical cognition.
Electrostatic superlattices on scaled graphene lattices
Authors: Chen Szu-Chao , Kraft Rainer , Danneau Romain , Richter Klaus , Liu Ming-Hao
Published: April 2020

Electrostatic superlattices have been known to significantly modify the electronic structure of low-dimensional materials. Studies of graphene superlattices were triggered by the discovery of moiré patterns in van der Waals stacks of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers a few years ago. Very recently, gate-controllable superlattices using spatially modulated gate oxides have been achieved, allowing for Dirac band structure engineering of graphene. Despite these rapid experimental progresses, technical advances in quantum transport simulations for large-scale graphene superlattices have been relatively limited. Here, we show that transport experiments for both graphene/hBN moiré superlattices and gate-controllable superlattices can be well reproduced by transport simulations based on a scalable tight-binding model. Our finding paves the way to tuning-parameter-free quantum transport simulations for graphene superlattices, providing reliable guides for understanding and predicting novel electric properties of complex graphene superlattice devices.
Solid-phase microextraction using a β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic framework coating for efficient enrichment of synthetic musks in water samples
Authors: Wen Lian , Wu Peng , Wang Lei-Lei , Chen Li-Zong , Wang Ming-Lin , Wang Xia , Lin Jin-Ming , Zhao Ru-Song
Published: April 2020

This study indicated the promising applicability of the TpPa-1 as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for reliably detecting synthetic musks at trace levels from environmental samples.
Open metal site (OMS) and Lewis basic site (LBS)-functionalized copper–organic framework with high CO2 uptake performance and highly selective CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: He Cheng , Hou Chao , Wang Yu Min , Gong Xue Yong , Jiang Hong Li , Sun Yong Bin , Liu Kun , Cao Xiao Qun
Published: April 2020

A robust porous metal–organic framework with dual functionalities of open metal sites (OMSs) and O-rich Lewis basic sites (LBSs) has been designed and synthesized, and shows high CO2 uptake and excellent selectivity for CO2 over N2 and CH4.
Release of graphene-related materials from epoxy-based composites: characterization, quantification and hazard assessment in vitro
Authors: Netkueakul Woranan , Korejwo Daria , Hammer Tobias , Chortarea Savvina , Rupper Patrick , Braun Oliver , Calame Michel , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Buerki-Thurnherr Tina , Wick Peter , Wang Jing
Published: April 2020

We measured the cytotoxicity of pristine GRMs and the abraded particles from epoxy/GRM composites, which indicated low risks to consumers of such composites.
Core–shell magnetic microporous covalent organic framework with functionalized Ti(iv) for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Ding Fengjuan , Zhao Yameng , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Weibing
Published: April 2020

We fabricated a core-shell magnetic Ti4+-functionalized covalent organic framework composite to selectively capture phosphopeptides in biosamples. This method is applicable to achieve rapid, selective and efficient phosphopeptide analysis.
Fast magnetic solid-phase extraction using an Fe3O4-NH2@MOF material for monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine of coke-oven workers
Authors: Wang Yahui , Yan Meng , Ji Qianqian , Wang Manman , Wang Qian , Wang Xuesheng , Hao Yulan
Published: April 2020

A simple, efficient and fast method based on an Fe3O4-NH2@MOF for MSPE of OH-PAHs from urine samples was developed.
Al centre-powered graphitic nanozyme with high catalytic efficiency for pH-independent chemodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Li Jun , Yi Ke , Lei Yanli , Qing Zhihe , Zou Zhen , Zhang Yuedong , Sun Haiyan , Yang Ronghua
Published: April 2020

In this work, an Al centre-powered graphitic nanozyme (Fe/Al-GNE) was developed for chemodynamic cancer therapy, which afforded pH-independent catalytic activity and high reaction kinetics.
A polynuclear Cu(ii) complex for real time monitoring of mitochondrial cytochrome C release during cellular apoptosis
Authors: Khanra Somnath , Ta Sabyasachi , Paladhi Ankush , Ghosh Milan , Ghosh Subhasis , Hira Sumit Kumar , Manna Partha Partim , Brandão Paula , Félix Vítor , Das Debasis
Published: April 2020

Single crystal X-ray structurally characterized poly-nuclear Cu(ii) complex (M1) selectively and spatially interacts with Cytochrome C (Cyt C) to allow fluorescence imaging of intracellular translocation events in live cells during apoptotic process.
Promoting toluene oxidation by engineering octahedral unitsviaoriented insertion of Cu ions in the tetrahedral sites of MnCo spinel oxide catalysts
Authors: Chen Yu , Deng Jiang , Yang Bo , Yan Tingting , Zhang Jianping , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong
Published: April 2020

Toluene oxidation was promoted by engineering octahedral unitsviaoriented insertion of Cu ions in the tetrahedral sites of MnCo spinel oxide catalysts.
Excited-state proton transfer in protonated adrenaline revealed by cryogenic UV photodissociation spectroscopy
Authors: Dezalay Jordan , Broquier Michel , Soorkia Satchin , Hirata Keisuke , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Fujii Masaaki , Grégoire Gilles
Published: April 2020

Excited state proton transfer is the main non radiative deactivation process in protonated adrenaline.
Gas-phase Förster resonance energy transfer in mass-selected ions with methylene or peptide linkers between two dyes: a concerted dance of charges
Authors: Kjær Christina , Zhao Ying , Stockett Mark H. , Chen Li , Hansen Klavs , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted
Published: April 2020

Emission from gaseous rhodamine 640 is redshifted when the dye is tethered to rhodamine 575 due to internal Coulomb interaction.
Conductivity and mixed conductivity of a novel dense diffusion barrier and the sensing properties of limiting current oxygen sensors
Authors: Shan Ke , Yi Zhong-Zhou , Yin Xi-Tao , Dastan Davoud , Garmestani Hamid
Published: April 2020

First-principles calculations were used to explore the effect of various Y-doping levels on the electrical conductivity of SrTiO3.
2,6-Diiminopyridine complexes of group 2 metals: synthesis, characterisation and redox behaviour
Authors: Dawkins Michael J. C. , Simonov Alexandr N. , Jones Cameron
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical studies suggest the redox active complexes may prove useful as soluble reducing agents.
Cracking of squalene into isoprene as chemical utilization of algae oil
Authors: Kimura Kazuya , Shiraishi Kazuma , Kondo Takahiro , Nakamura Junji , Fujitani Tadahiro
Published: April 2020

Thermal decomposition of squalene proceeds as a chain reaction to produce isoprene (C5H8) and C10 hydrocarbons.
Local release of siRNA using polyplex-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels
Authors: Fliervoet Lies A. L. , Zhang Heyang , van Groesen Emma , Fortuin Kyra , Duin Naut J. C. B. , Remaut Katrien , Schiffelers Raymond M. , Hennink Wim E. , Vermonden Tina
Published: April 2020

An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to promote local and sustained release of small nanosized (10–20 nm) siRNA polyplexes.
Rapid 3-dimensional shape determination of globular proteins by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Haimei , Zhang Rongkai , Zhang Wenjing , Hong Jie , Xiang Ye , Xu Wei
Published: April 2020

Using native mass spectrometry and mobility capillary electrophoresis, the ellipsoid dimensions of globular proteins or protein complexes could be measured efficiently.
Mechanical robustness of monolayer nanoparticle-covered liquid marbles
Authors: Huang Junchao , Wang Ziheng , Shi Haixiao , Li Xiaoguang
Published: April 2020

A particle shell as thin as ∼20 nm cannot protect internal liquid from wetting external solid.
ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 promotes wound healing by targeting miR-124 through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: He Lin , Zhu Chan , Jia Jing , Hao Xiao-Yan , Yu Xue-Yuan , Liu Xiang-Yu , Shu Mao-Guo
Published: April 2020

Cutaneous wound is a soft tissue injury that is difficult to heal during aging. It has been demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and its secreted exosomes exert crucial functions in cutaneous wound healing. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-Exos) containing MALAT1 in wound healing. ADSCs were isolated from human normal subcutaneous adipose tissues and identified by flow cytometry analysis. Exosomes were extracted from ADSC supernatants and MALAT1 expression was determined using qRT-PCR analysis. HaCaT and HDF cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for simulating the skin lesion model. Subsequently, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to validate the role of ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 in the skin lesion model. Besides, cells were transfected with sh-MALAT1 to verify the protective role of MALAT1 in wound healing. The binding relationship between MALAT1 and miR-124 were measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay. ADSC-Exos promoted cell proliferation, migration, and inhibited cell apoptosis of HaCaT and HDF cells impaired by H2O2. However, the depletion of MALAT1 in ADSC-Exos lose these protective effects on HaCaT and HDF cells. Moreover, miR-124 was identified to be a target of MALAT1. Furthermore, ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 could mediate H2O2-induced wound healing by targeting miR-124 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 play a positive role in cutaneous wound healing possibly via targeting miR-124 through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide novel insights into the therapeutic target for cutaneous wound healing.
Dexmedetomidine with sufentanil in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for relief from postoperative pain, inflammation and delirium after esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Tang Chaoliang , Hu Yida , Zhang Zhetao , Wei Zeyuan , Wang Hongtao , Geng Qingtian , Shi Si , Wang Song , Wang Jiawu , Chai Xiaoqing
Published: April 2020

Background and aims: Postoperative pain can cause serious adverse reactions that severely affect postoperative outcome. The present study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) added to sufentanil in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on the relief of pain and inflammatory responses during postoperative recovery of patients undergoing a combined thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE). Methods: Sixty patients undergoing TLE were randomly allocated to receive 1 μg/ml of sufentanil alone (Group S) or 1 μg/ml of sufentanil plus 2.5 μg/ml of DEX (Group D) for postoperative intravenous (IV) PCA. Postoperative pain relief, cumulative PCA requirements, inflammatory marker levels, delirium and recovery were assessed. Results: A joint DEX and sufentanil regimen significantly reduced the area under the curve of numerical rating scores for pain at rest (NRSR) and coughing (NRSC) at 1–48 h postoperatively (P = 0.000) that were associated with lower PCA-delivered cumulative sufentanil consumption and less PCA frequency until 48 h postoperatively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The simultaneous administration of DEX and sufentanil significantly reduced plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations and increased IL-10 level (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0345, respectively), accompanied by better postoperative delirium categories and health statuses of patients (P = 0.024 and P < 0.05, respectively). There was no hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression or oversedation in Group D. Conclusion: Patients receiving DEX in addition to IV PCA sufentanil for TLE exhibited better postoperative analgesia, fewer inflammatory responses and lower postoperative delirium categories and better health statuses.
An Examination of Effect Sizes and Statistical Power in Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Authors: Gaeta Laura , Brydges Christopher R.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose was to examine and determine effect size distributions reported in published audiology and speech-language pathology research in order to provide researchers and clinicians with more relevant guidelines for the interpretation of potentially clinically meaningful findings.

Method

Cohen's
d,
Hedges'
g,
Pearson
r,
and sample sizes (
n
= 1,387) were extracted from 32 meta-analyses in journals in speech-language pathology and audiology. Percentile ranks (25th, 50th, 75th) were calculated to determine estimates for small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively. The median sample size was also used to explore statistical power for small, medium, and large effect sizes.

Results

For individual differences research, effect sizes of Pearson
r
= .24, .41, and .64 were found. For group differences, Cohen's
d
/Hedges'
g
= 0.25, 0.55, and 0.93. These values can be interpreted as small, medium, and large effect sizes in speech-language pathology and audiology. The majority of published research was inadequately powered to detect a medium effect size.

Conclusions

Effect size interpretations from published research in audiology and speech-language pathology were found to be underestimated based on Cohen's (1988, 1992) guidelines. Researchers in the field should consider using Pearson
r
= .25, .40, and .65 and Cohen's
d
/Hedges'
g
= 0.25, 0.55, and 0.95 as small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively, and collect larger sample sizes to ensure that both significant and nonsignificant findings are robust and replicable.
Longitudinal and lateral control of autonomous vehicles in multi‐vehicle driving environments
Authors: Wang Yulei , Shao Qian , Zhou Jian , Zheng Hongyu , Chen Hong
Published: April 2020

Lane changes in multi‐vehicle driving environments are one of the most challenging manoeuvres for autonomous vehicles. The key innovation of this study is to develop an integrated longitudinal and lateral trajectory planning and tracking control algorithm under vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication. This algorithm includes two levels: trajectory planning and path‐following control. In the upper level, considering riding comfort, a collision‐free lane‐changing trajectory cluster is generated under different lane change durations. Then, the most appropriate trajectory from this cluster is provided by selecting the optimal lane change duration considering vehicle dynamics safety, collision avoidance of surrounding vehicles and driver preference. At the bottom level, a multiple‐input multiple‐output triple‐step non‐linear approach is proposed in the longitudinal and lateral path‐following controller design. The stability of the closed‐loop system is rigorously proven based on the Lyapunov function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified with a high‐fidelity and full‐car model on the veDYNA platform.
The tidal tails of Milky Way globular clusters
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Carballo-Bello Julio A.
Published: April 2020

We report on the search for overall kinematical or structural conditions that have allowed some Milky Way globular clusters to develop tidal tails. For this purpose, we built a comprehensive catalog of globular clusters with studies focused on their outermost regions and we classify the globular clusters in three categories: those with observed tidal tails, those with extra-tidal features that are different from tidal tails, and those without any signatures of extended stellar density profiles. When exploring different kinematical and structural parameter spaces, we found that globular clusters behave similarly, irrespective of the presence of tidal tails or any other kind of extra-tidal feature, or the absence thereof. In general, globular clusters whose orbits are relatively more eccentric and very inclined, with respect to the Milky Way plane, have undergone a larger amount of mass loss by tidal disruption. The latter has also accelerated the internal dynamics toward a comparatively more advanced stage of evolution. These outcomes show that it is not straightforward to find any particular set of parameter space and dynamical conditions that can definitely predict tidal tails along globular clusters in the Milky Way.
Carbon capture and storage: making fossil fuels great again?
Authors: Smit Berend , Garcia Susana
Published: April 2020

At present, Carbon Capture and Storage, in which CO2 is captured from flue gasses and stored in geological formations, is one of the technologies to reduce CO2 emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels. Are there some good arguments to continue to invest in fossil fuels, a technology of yesterday?
Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz S. , Dittmer Ulf , Herrmann Ken
Published: April 2020

Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments.

Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020.

Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment.

Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.
Total Mesorectal Excision Technique—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Knol Joep , Keller Deborah S.
Published: April 2020

While the treatment of rectal cancer is multimodal, above all, a proper oncological resection is critical. The surgical management of rectal cancer has substantially evolved over the past 100 years, and continues to progress as we seek the best treatment. Rectal cancer was historically an unsurvivable disease, with poor understanding of the embryological planes, lymphatic drainage, and lack of standardized technique. Major improvements in recurrence, survival, and quality of life have resulted from advances in preoperative staging, pathologic assessment, the development and timing of multimodal therapies, and surgical technique. The most significant contribution in advancing rectal cancer care may be the standardization and widespread implementation of total mesorectal excision (TME). The TME, popularized by Professor Heald in the early 1980s as a sharp, meticulous dissection of the tumor and mesorectum with all associated lymph nodes through the avascular embryologic plane, has shown universal reproducible reductions in local recurrence and improvement in disease-free and overall survival. Widespread education and training of surgeons worldwide in the TME have significantly impact outcomes for rectal cancer surgery, and the procedure has become the gold standard for curative resection of rectal cancer. In this article, we discuss the evolution of the standard abdominal approach to the TME, with emphasis on the history, relevant anatomy, standard procedure steps, oncologic outcomes, and technical evolution.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings in Pediatric and Adult Populations
Authors: Choudhary Madhur , Khan Khursheed Alam , Gora Nandkishore , Sharma Achal , Sinha Virendra Deo
Published: April 2020

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health issue, accounting for a significant number of adult and pediatric deaths and morbidity. Computed tomography (CT) is an important diagnostic modality for TBI. The primary goal of this study was to determine if there were any significant radiological differences in CT brain findings between adult and pediatric populations.

Materials and Methods Data of individual patients were collected from admission to discharge/death, which included various parameters in terms of demographics, mechanism of injury, and patient outcome which were later analyzed. A total of 1,150 TBI patients were enrolled in the study.

Results The most common mode of injury in adults is road traffic accident (RTA) followed by fall from height (FFH), while in pediatrics it is vice versa. Findings of basal cisterns on CT brain were found to be statistically significant in both groups; 65% adults and 71% pediatrics had only one abnormal CT finding. Most common combination CT finding in adults was acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and basal cistern abnormality, while in pediatrics it was traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and contusion. Rotterdam score (based on CT brain findings) was significantly lower for pediatric age group compared with adults. It was 2.2 ± 0.85 for adults and 1.99 ± 0.74 for pediatrics, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions The Rotterdam score has immense predictive power for prognostication of mortality status. Pediatric age group has better prognosis in terms of survival as compared with adults, thus justifying the role of Rotterdam CT score for mortality risk stratification in providing clinical care.
General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stephens Angela J. , Barton John R. , Bentum Nana-Ama Ankumah , Blackwell Sean C. , Sibai Baha M.
Published: April 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes.

Key Points

• Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic.

• COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients.

• Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Folded sheet resonators that aim at low frequency attenuation of surface elastic waves in solids
Authors: Xu Feilong , Yang Zhiyu , He Xiaodong , Zhen Liang
Published: April 2020

We report a folded sheet resonator for locally resonant metamaterials aiming at approximately 10 Hz attenuation of surface elastic waves in solids. Its design is based on a decorated membrane resonator replacing the stretched membrane with a folded steel sheet. The drape and constraint release on the two long sides of the sheet highly decrease the equivalent stiffness of the resonator in such a way that the working frequency can be one magnitude lower than 100 Hz. A locally resonant metamaterial sandwiching folded sheet resonators between supporting panels is further presented, and it is demonstrated that its dynamic mass is equal to the collective contributions of all resonators inside. To explore the attenuation of the surface elastic waves by this metamaterial, a finite element model of an earthquake is built that includes a barrier buried in the formation on the propagation path of the seismic waves. Calculation results indicate that the maximum attenuation of the Rayleigh wave reaches up to 11.5 dB when the length and depth of the barrier are less than one wavelength of the Rayleigh wave. Compared to the case of a steel barrier, this locally resonant metamaterial shows greater potential for Rayleigh wave attenuation. This resonator benefits the development of locally resonant metamaterials and applications in the low-frequency range.
An innovative experimental device for borehole ballooning
Authors: Gao Reyu , Li Jun , Yang Hongwei , Luo Kuidong , Tan Chengwei , Liu Penglin
Published: April 2020

The wrong judgment on borehole ballooning has a serious impact on safe and efficient drilling in the oil and gas drilling industries. In order to further investigate the characteristics of borehole ballooning, a new device is designed to research the effects of borehole ballooning under different conditions, such as different fracture opening pressures, rock types, and mud circulation pressures. The device consists of four units: a displacement unit, a triaxial clamping unit, a backpressure loading unit, and a control and data acquisition system. Based on this device, a series of experiments have been successfully carried out. The experimental results showed that the device can effectively simulate the typical characteristics of borehole ballooning, and it could provide theoretical support for further research of borehole ballooning.
Flagellated swimming microrobots may have medical and fluidic applications
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: April 2020

Attaching bacterial flagella onto microparticle surfaces allows for the creation of microswimmers that can follow a prescribed navigation trajectory.
Prospects for n-type doping of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys
Authors: Varley Joel B. , Perron Aurélien , Lordi Vincenzo , Wickramaratne Darshana , Lyons John L.
Published: April 2020

We systematically explore the properties of group-IV (C, Si, Ge, and Sn) and transition metal (Hf, Zr, and Ta) dopants substituting on the cation site in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 (AlGO) alloys using first-principles calculations with a hybrid functional. In Ga2O3, each of these dopants acts as a shallow donor. In Al2O3, they are deep defects characterized by the formation of either DX centers or positive-U (+/0) levels. Combining our calculations of dopant charge-state transition levels with information of the AlGO alloy band structure, we estimate the critical Al composition at which each dopant transitions from being a shallow to a deep donor. We identify Si to be the most efficient dopant to achieve n-type conductivity in high Al-content AlGO alloys, acting as a shallow donor over the entire predicted stability range for AlGO solid solution alloys.
Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius nestling pierces gular sac of adult resulting in death
Authors: Fulton Graham
Published: April 2020

A nestling or fledgling Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius was found dead, probably drowned. Its head and neck had completely pierced an adult’s gular sac, highlighting that the method of feeding young cormorants is not perfect.
Targeted sampling successfully detects the cryptic and declining arboreal marsupial (Phascogale pirata) in northern Australia
Authors: Geyle Hayley M. , Woolley Leigh-Ann , Davies Hugh F. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Murphy Brett P.
Published: April 2020

The threatened northern brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale pirata) is one of the most poorly known mammals in Australia. While the few available records indicate a decline in its distribution and abundance, it has not previously been subject to intensive targeted survey. Here, we trialled a specifically tailored methodology for detection of P. pirata, with the aim of informing ongoing survey and monitoring of this species. We deployed 50 motion-sensor cameras (spaced closely together in a grid 500×1000m) on Melville Island (Northern Territory, Australia), between June 2018 and May 2019. Cameras were baited and secured to trees ~3m above the ground on a bracket facing the trunk. We selected for large (>30cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) trunks of the dominant tree species (Eucalyptus miniata, E. tetrodonta and Corymbia nesophila). We detected P. pirata 16 times on eight cameras over the duration of the study, finding that detection was most likely on large (DBH >41.5cm) E. tetrodonta trees during the wet season. Our results indicate that survey effort for this species should be seasonally targeted and focussed on large trees. However, the efficacy of additional methods (nest boxes, Elliott traps) and a comparison between detections on arboreal versus ground-based cameras requires further investigation. We highlight the importance of conducting additional work on this species, as little is known about its ecology, population trends and threats, making it difficult to assess its conservation status. Without more targeted work, P. pirata is at risk of slipping into extinction unnoticed.
Postpartum maternal distress: a multidimensional illness requiring a multilevel, multidiscipline response
Authors: Elliott Angela E. , Elliott Peter C. , Cook Roger
Published: April 2020

Australia’s federal, state, territory and local governments all have responsibilities, often overlapping, for policy and delivery of primary mental health care to postpartum women. Identification and treatment of postpartum distress is carried out by a broad range of professionals from diverse disciplines. Although there is evidence to show that anxiety and stress are important aspects of postpartum distress, substantially greater emphasis has been given to identification and treatment of depression. In addition, relatively little attention has been given to incorporating positive and negative social experiences in healthcare policy and practice. This study aimed to extend the postpartum literature by: (1) comparing the levels of depression, anxiety and stress (i.e. distress indicators) in a non-clinical sample of postpartum mothers to those in the general non-clinical population; (2) comparing the prevalence of anxiety and stress to that of depression in postpartum mothers; and (3) examining the consequences of negative social exchange, alongside perceived social support, on postpartum distress indicators. A self-report survey was completed by 242 postpartum women assessing levels of perceived social support, frequency of negative social exchange and distress indicators. Postpartum mothers were found to have significantly higher depression, anxiety and stress than the general population, and had anxiety and stress levels that were similar in severity to depression. In addition, both negative social exchanges and perceived social support were found to be important for postpartum depression, anxiety and stress. These findings suggest that Australia’s primary postpartum mental health care policy and practice guidelines, delivered through a broad range of professionals, may benefit from giving anxiety and stress equal weight to depression and by embracing the important effects, for good and for ill, of positive and negative social interactions.
Intracellular Ca
2+
regulation of H
+
/Ca
2+
antiporter YfkE mediated by a Ca
2+
mini-sensor
Authors: Lu Shuo , Li Zhenlong , Gorfe Alemayehu A. , Zheng Lei
Published: April 2020

Significance

Ca
2+
is essential for life, not only as a basic element, but also due to its versatile role in cellular signaling. H
+
/Ca
2+
antiporter CAX proteins facilitate cellular Ca
2+
homeostasis in microorganisms, yeast, and plants by catalyzing Ca
2+
extrusion from the cytosol driven by an inward H
+
gradient. In this paper, we reveal a self-regulatory mechanism of CAX. We found that CAX senses changes in cytosolic Ca
2+
levels to adjust its Ca
2+
transport activity. This regulation is mediated by a Ca
2+
mini-sensor to alter the conformation of the Ca
2+
translocation pathway. This regulatory mechanism is conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our study provides insights into the working mechanism of these important Ca
2+
transporter proteins in the cell membrane.
Conjunctive representations that integrate stimuli, responses, and rules are critical for action selection
Authors: Kikumoto Atsushi , Mayr Ulrich
Published: April 2020

People can use abstract rules to flexibly configure and select actions for specific situations, yet how exactly rules shape actions toward specific sensory and/or motor requirements remains unclear. Both research from animal models and human-level theories of action control point to the role of highly integrated, conjunctive representations, sometimes referred to as event files. These representations are thought to combine rules with other, goal-relevant sensory and motor features in a nonlinear manner and represent a necessary condition for action selection. However, so far, no methods exist to track such representations in humans during action selection with adequate temporal resolution. Here, we applied time-resolved representational similarity analysis to the spectral-temporal profiles of electroencephalography signals while participants performed a cued, rule-based action selection task. In two experiments, we found that conjunctive representations were active throughout the entire selection period and were functionally dissociable from the representation of constituent features. Specifically, the strength of conjunctions was a highly robust predictor of trial-by-trial variability in response times and was selectively related to an important behavioral indicator of conjunctive representations, the so-called partial-overlap priming pattern. These results provide direct evidence for conjunctive representations as critical precursors of action selection in humans.