bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposición, infancia y delincuencia: Un «infanticidio intentado» (1803)
Authors: Torremocha Hernández Margarita
Published: May 2024

La infancia en la Edad Moderna estuvo condicionada por la imposibilidad de controlar la concepción y por la alta mortalidad infantil. Pero los niños sufrieron además una violencia directa, difícil de conocer y aun más de contabilizar. Los hijos que no eran tenidos como una bendición de Dios con frecuencia eran objeto abandono, dejando a la criatura en cualquier lugar, de los acostumbrados o no, o entregados en una casa de niños expósitos u hospicio. Recogemos en este estudio el caso particular de un infante depositado en la casa de expósitos de Valladolid, al que se la buscó una ama que externalizaba su asistencia. Esta, lejos de cumplir con su cometido, intentó un infanticidio (no parricidio ni filicidio), que casi por azar se pudo evitar. Su análisis nos permite conocer la realidad del sistema de exposición, de las casas que lo mantienen, de su organización y gestión, y de las mujeres que viven de prestar servicios en ellas.
Expósitos en el Hospital de Nuestra señora de Gracia de Zaragoza en un periodo de cambio (1810-1855)
Authors: Jarque Martínez Encarna , Salas Auséns José Antonio
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo estudia los expósitos confiados al hospital de Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza, que desempeñaba ese cometido desde la Edad Media. Se centra en el siglo 19, iniciado con la Guerra de la Independencia y afectado por cambios administrativos cuya eficacia tardaría en manifestarse, a raíz de los cuales el hospital pasó de general a provincial. Las fuentes consultadas manifiestan un gran cuidado en el control de estos niños. Según los datos, el número de expósitos fue creciente, pero disminuyó su mortalidad, en cualquier caso elevada. Llegados al hospital, eran entregados a nodrizas internas, mientras se procedía a su reparto entre externas, procedentes de pueblos entre los que se denota una especialización clara en este menester. Entre los supervivientes, unos eran adoptados por sus cuidadores y el resto pasaba a la Casa de Misericordia donde aprendía un oficio o se preparaba para el servicio doméstico.
Eusebio, de náufrago a ilustrado: el desarraigo como nueva oportunidad en la novela de Pedro Montengón
Authors: Imparato-Prieur Sylvie
Published: May 2024

En este estudio, se ve cómo Pedro Montengón en su novela Eusebio, publicada entre 1786 y 1788, reactiva un motivo narrativo trillado, el naufragio, para demostrar la pertinencia del modelo educativo ilustrado y del ideal de vida que los ilustrados aspiraban a implementar. Se analiza primero la manera en que el naufragio en la costa norteamericana, además de ritmar cada etapa de la vida del protagonista, permite abrir el campo de los posibles, modificando el porvenir del niño español Eusebio. Se estudia a continuación cómo en un proceso de desarraigo y arraigo, Eusebio pasa de niño español, ‘niño expósito’ o «abandonado» a raíz del naufragio, a ‘español cuáquero’ como nueva identidad ilustrada. Así se evidencia la confianza de Montengón y de los ilustrados en el poder de la educación, como vía para borrar los vicios y defectos de los viejos hábitos e implementar un nuevo modelo social, haciendo de la literatura un arma de persuasión ideológica.
El desarraigo de niños migrantes en Los niños perdidos de Valeria Luiselli: Una aproximación desde la psicopatología transcultural
Authors: Mejía González Alejandro Adalberto
Published: May 2024

En el verano de 2014 Estados Unidos se declaró en crisis migratoria frente a la llegada masiva de niños y jóvenes centroamericanos. Para ellos, la solicitud de reunificación familiar, de asilo u otro tipo de regulación migratoria estaba condicionada a las respuestas dadas a un cuestionario de cuarenta preguntas en inglés. La escritora mexicana Valeria Luiselli documenta una parte de lo anterior en Los niños perdidos. Un ensayo en cuarenta preguntas (2016), en el que expone una crítica al sistema judicial migratorio de Estados Unidos y a la lucha desarticulada de los países implicados en esa crisis. El presente artículo busca explorar dicha crítica y llevar a la luz la participación de Luiselli como intérprete voluntaria para ayudar a niños y jóvenes migrantes a responder el cuestionario. Desde el ángulo de la psiquiatría, principalmente a través del concepto de «psicopatología transcultural», este trabajo analiza cómo la traducción alcanza un grado terapéutico cuando da cuenta del desarraigo de los niños migrantes y de la fractura de su mundo interno y externo.
Self-Definition Through Uncertainty: A Review of Darius the Great is Not Okay by Adib Khorram
Authors: Overman Blake
Published: May 2024

Darius the Great is Not Okay (2018) is an evocative tale of a young man and his journey for self-actualization. Darius Kellner is unique. He has a love for The Lord of the Rings and Star Trek and a steeping love for tea. Rather than sports and girls, Darius often pursues profound thoughts and enlightening reflections, revealing some advanced understandings of his own feelings. Life is stagnating for Darius. He battles bulliesâ€”the â€œSoulless Minions of Orthodoxy,â€ as Darius terms themâ€”expectations of his father, and depression.
Teaching MacGyver to Write
Authors: Opalewski Victoria
Published: May 2024

When I started my career, I was positive I would be flawless and effective. English was really one of the only things I loved and was good at, so my students would easily pick it up as I taught. Sounds pretty on paper, doesnâ€™t it?
Girl on a Quest: Medieval Scottish Lass Deconstructs Gender Roles in The Mad Wolf's Daughter
Authors: Franklin John
Published: May 2024

Motherlessâ€”though not without familyâ€”twelve-year-old Drest has been trained alongside her warband brothers by their warrior father, the Mad Wolf. Attacked and captured in a nighttime raid, the male members of the clan are bound to be hanged at Faintree Castle to the South.
Perspectives from the President
Authors: Whitman Nathan
Published: May 2024

KATE President Nathan Whitman provides personal and general educational reflections and insights into the 2022 school year, including an overview of educational fads in government, a statistical snapshot of trends and problems in teacher retention â€“ including censorship, happenings within KATEâ€™s programming for educators, and a call to action.
Shaping Rainbows
Authors: Overman Blake
Published: May 2024

A queer educatorâ€™s reflection of their personal journey. How their past has informed their perspective, and how they can use this perspective to support and guide their students.
P-T Constraints of Orthogneiss, Metapelites, and Ultra-Mafic Lenses Located in the Virgin Mountains of Northwestern Arizona
Authors: Nielson Bryan , Nielson Brady , Schroeder Andrew , Colberg Mark
Published: May 2024

The Virgin Mountains, located in northwestern Arizona, host a variety of different geologic features. Many workers have focused on Tertiary extension within the mountain range, but little work has been done on the Paleo-Proterozoic basement rocks. Tertiary extension has exposed 1.73 – 1.80 Ga basement material that exhibits intense shear deformation and evidence of high temperature/high pressure and possibly ultra-high pressure metamorphism. These rocks are well exposed throughout Elbow and Lime Kiln Canyons, which are located east and south of Mesquite, Nevada. Some exposures enclose ultra-mafic lenses containing pyroxene/spinel pseudomorphs after garnet. These features suggest decompression through the garnet-spinel transition. These rocks occur in a broad shear zone exposed over 80-100 km in the Virgin Mountains and the Beaver Dam Mountains to the north. Most samples are mylonitic, but contain polygonal quartz grains consistent with shearing under high-temperature conditions. Other shear indicators include sigma and delta structures, mica-fish and S-C textures. Sillimanite and biotite within the S-C shear fabric suggest deformation and equilibration under upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies conditions (650o-800oC and 0.6-1.1 Kilobars). Also, sillimanite pseudomorphs after kyanite found within metapelites suggests decompression from high pressure conditions. Decompression of ultra-mafic lenses through the garnet-spinel transition documents pressures in excess of 2.0 GPa and depths of at least 70 Km. Structural considerations as well as the presence of high-pressure metamorphism are consistent with a collisional suture. The Virgin Mountains appear to host the Paleoproterozoic collisional boundary between Mojave and Yavapai crustal provinces.
Base Metals Prospecting in Kagera Region, Tanzania Using Remote Sensing and Biogeochemistry Analytics
Authors: Woolman Thomas
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the use of biogeochemistry as a means for conducting geological prospecting in search of economic grade anomalies of precious metals, base metals and rare earth elements. The use of randomized soil sampling for geostatistical coefficient calculations and aeromagnetic remote sensing systems in conjunction with biogeochemical prospecting for ferromagnetic elements is examined. The paper concludes that the evidence presented indicates that bioprospecting can be an extremely powerful economic geology tool for conducting rapid and cost effective micro-targeting mineral discovery.
Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society of America Meeting 2013, Denver, Colorado
Authors: Even Paula
Published: May 2024

The 2013 Sigma Gamma Epsilon Undergraduate Research (Poster Session) took place during the 2013 GSA Conference in Denver, CO. on Tuesday, 29 October 2013: 9:00 a.m. - 6:30 p.m. (Authors were present from 2 to 4 p.m. and 5:00 to 6:30 p.m.). Ninety-eight posters were presented. Sigma Gamma Epsilon awarded the Austin A. Sartin Best Poster Award to Brittney Klemm, a member of Eta Upsilon Chapter at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, CA. Sebastian Dirringer, a member of Theta Beta Chapter at the State University of New York in New Paltz, NY, was awarded the National Council Best Poster Award.
Converter for Voltage Source HVDC Links: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Ahmed Kadhim Atheer , M. AL-Jumaili Ali , Hussain Khalid
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the current state of DC HVDC technology. The article describes the history of DC HVDC technology, starting with its early development as a voltage source, and then discusses the introduction of line-cutting into current designs. The article discusses control and co-ordination of transformers, as well as the need for a DC breaker to facilitate control of multiple plants. Recent developments in the design of DC circuit breakers are discussed. The importance of reliability is recognized, especially in relation to cables, and the issues surrounding cable design are explained. Ongoing and planned installations of VHF-VHF DC installations are described.
NGHIÊN CỨU PHÂN TÍCH HÀNH VI NGƯỜI DÙNG TRÊN WEBSITE BÁN TRÁI CÂY, PHÁT TRIỂN GIẢI PHÁP HỖ TRỢ QUYẾT ĐỊNH KINH DOANH THÔNG MINH
Authors: Nguyễn Hoàng Giang , Vũ Hữu Hiếu , Nguyễn Tiến Duy , Nguyễn Hữu Hiếu , Nguyễn Đình Hoàng , Nguyễn Tuấn Tú , Vũ Thị Dương , Nguyễn Thái Cường
Published: May 2024

“Dữ liệu là dầu mới” - hàm ý nói về sự dồi dào của cả hai nguồn tài nguyên: Dầu và dữ liệu, tuy nhiên nếu cả hai ở trạng thái “thô” đều sẽ không có giá trị, do vậy việc thu thập dữ liệu chính xác, đầy đủ và phân tích chúng sẽ tạo nên giá trị cốt lõi của dữ liệu. Đồng thời giúp tổ chức phân loại, làm rõ các nhu cầu khách hàng, từ đó xây dựng được nhiều bước đột phá mới trong kinh doanh. Để tối ưu quá trình phân tích dữ liệu từ những thành phần thô ban đầu, phương pháp phân cụm được sử dụng như một phương pháp để tiếp cận tốt hơn với những giá trị mà nó mang lại. Bài báo sử dụng phương pháp phân cụm thông qua thuật toán K-Means. Phân tích dựa trên hơn 1.000 đơn hàng và thu được các cụm khách hàng có hành vi mua sắm tương tự. Nhờ vậy, thông qua quá trình phân loại các tổ chức có thể phát triển nhiều chiến lược kinh doanh tương ứng với từng nhóm khách hàng riêng biệt, cũng như cách tiếp cận với ngành kinh doanh dịch vụ nói chung.
Twenty-One Methods of Biblical Faith-Learning Integration
Authors: Roller Robert H.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines twenty-one methods of biblical faith-learning integration with the goal of providing faculty members with ways to mentor and disciple their students in biblical faith-learning integration. The paper begins with a look at the need for biblical faith-learning integration and examines some of the challenges. Key propositions are delineated, relying on Chewning (2001). The paper then sets forth twenty-one methods of biblical faith-learning integration, categorized by the extent and intentionality of the integration as natural, intentional, or strategic and by the focus of the integration as professor-, classroom-, program-, or student-centered.
Jesus on Lending, Debt, and Interest
Authors: Beed Clive , Beed Cara
Published: May 2024

Jesus and the Mosaic Law of the Old Testament provide much instruction for how believers should regard and practice lending, indebtedness, and interest accrual. Studies to date have focused on the Old Testament, believing that Jesus has little to say about the issues. This paper shows that Jesus provides much instruction on the matters, applying both to believers and to the wider world. This paper reviews seven sayings by Jesus with implications for lending, debt, and interest. They are found to disfavor lending in the expectation of return and to favor releasing borrowers from debt and thereby eliminating interest that might apply to a loan. These teachings extend the Old Testament position on these issues. A final section considers whether a  modern economy could function on the basis of Jesus’ teachings.
Sabbath as Resistance: Saying No to the Culture of Now by Walter Brueggemann
Authors: Gailey Robert
Published: May 2024

Brueggemann has written a solid book of biblical and theological reflections on the purpose and intent of keeping Sabbath in a globalized, 24/7 economy. The book is short, easy to read, and accessible to the average college student, making it a good supplementary book for upperdivision courses or a class devotional for lower-division courses. Professors of business will find the content a balanced grounding of biblical practices for business.
The Jubilee Gospel: The Jubilee, Spirit and the Church by Kim Tan
Authors: Cooper Kristen
Published: May 2024

The Jubilee Gospel, by Kim Tan, is recommended as an addition to a devotional library or collection of resources about social holiness or biblical community living. Tan’s central claim is that the Gospel message is trulya proclamation of Jesus’ “Jubilee mission” of redemption, and Christians ought to take seriously the “social holiness and justice” (p. 2) aspects of Jubilee practices. The book may be best described as a personal reflection on years of scriptural study; Tan writes from personal conviction and his experience living in an intentional Christian community for eight years.
The Relationship between Physical Fitness/Physical Condition and Students' Sleep Quality
Authors: Handa Prima Juli , Marheni Eddy
Published: May 2024

Background: This research aims to find out whether there is a relationship or relationship between physical fitness/good physical condition and sleep quality in high school students.
Methods: The problem is sleep quality and physical condition. The technique used in this research is a quantitative approach. The population in this study were high school students. The sample taken in this study was 30 high school students by distributing PSQI questionnaires to the students in the sample. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between physical fitness and a person's sleep quality which is quite low
Results: Through statistical analysis, we observed a significant positive correlation between physical fitness levels and sleep quality among students. Students with higher levels of physical fitness tended to report better sleep quality compared to those with lower fitness levels.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our research highlights the intricate interplay between physical fitness/physical condition and students' sleep quality. By prioritizing physical activity, adopting a holistic approach to student health, addressing lifestyle factors, and advancing future research efforts, educational institutions can better support students in achieving optimal physical and mental well-being.
Forside og kolofon
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: May 2024

Forside og kolofon
Fremtidens udviklingsbistand: Bekæmpelse af fordrivelse, klimaforandringer og konflikter
Authors: Slente Charlotte
Published: May 2024

Den danske udviklingsbistand har en lang historie bag sig. Den første lov herom blev vedtaget i 1962, og i løbet af 1970’erne blev fattigdomsbekæmpelse det overordnede mål.
Bedre brug af de globale biologiske ressourcer kan give stor effekt – en overset mulighed for reduktion af CO2, øget sundhed, mindsket biodiversitets tab, lokal jobskabelse og forbedrede levevilkår i Afrika og andre lav- og mellemindkomstlande
Authors: Lange Lene
Published: May 2024

I den internationale klimadebat medtages ikke det store uudnyttede spild af biologiske ressourcer, der er i landbrug og fødevareproduktion. Alt det, der nu spildes, udgør et kæmpe potentiale for klima, biodiversitet og mere mad til en voksende global befolkning; især vigtigt de steder, hvor fødevareproduktion trues af klimaforandringer.
Моделирование наноканалов в синтезированных мембранах
Authors: Алексеев Максим Сергеевич , Пономарёв Роман Ростиславович , Шелистов Владимир Сергеевич , Попов Владислав Анатольевич , Моршнева Ирина Викторовна , Демёхин Евгений Афанасьевич
Published: May 2024

The behavior of a diluted electrolyte in a system of joint microchannel and nanochannel with charged dielectric walls under the action of external potential difference and external pressure is investigated numerically. The surface charge on the nanochannel walls prevents the ions of corresponding polarity from passing through it. Consequently, the system in question acquires ion-selective properties and can, under certain assumptions, be viewed as a fragment of an ion-selective membrane, including one synthesized by creating nanopores in a dielectric material. Such systems are used in experiments to control the movement of charged particles through concentration polarization. The objective of the work is to investigate the influence of a single pore on electrolyte flow and the possibilities to control that flow by changing the geometric and physical properties of the pore. The investigation relies on the specially developed simplified models based on cross-section-averaged Nernst-Planck, Poisson and Stokes equations that are subsequently reduced to a single nonlinear differential equation. The simplified models allow identifying the impact of different physical mechanisms of electrolyte movement: pressure-based (generated by the external mechanical action) and electroosmotic (generated by the electric field). A finite-difference method with semi-implicit time integration is used for the numerical solution of equations. It has been found that the behavior of the system qualitatively matches the behavior of a cell based on a non-ideally-selective ion-exchange membrane. In particular, the model correctly predicts the underlimiting and limiting electric current regimes, as well as vortex formation near the nanochannel inlet due to concurrency between electrolyte movement mechanisms. The proposed models can be extended to describe a channel with arbitrary geometry and an electrolyte with arbitrary number of charged species.
Возбуждение релаксационных колебаний на искривленной межфазной границе в условиях внутренней задачи
Authors: Сираев Рамиль Рифгатович , Брацун Дмитрий Анатольевич
Published: May 2024

The oscillatory mode of solutal Marangoni convection during the absorption of a surfactant from a homogeneous external solution into a water droplet is studied numerically. This is caused by the effect of gravity, which promotes the sedimentation of surfactant molecules in an aqueous medium. This version of oscillatory convection arising under the conditions of an internal problem was recently discovered experimentally. In the present paper, we consider the case of a chemically inert system, in which there are no reactions. The effects of interfacial deformation are assumed to be insignificant and thus they are neglected. The mathematical model includes the Navier—Stokes equations written in the Hele-Shaw and Boussinesq approximations, and the equations of surfactant transport in the system. We assume that the characteristic time of surfactant adsorption is shorter than the time of its diffusion in both solutions, which makes it possible to ignore the formation of a surface phase. The boundary value problem includes the equilibrium condition of the system, which takes into account different values of the chemical potential in the phases. It is shown that a water droplet is a surfactant accumulator that diffuses from the organic phase. The problem is solved in dimensional form using the COMSOL Multiphysics package and based on a set of physical constants for acetic acid which, like many other members of the carboxylic acid family, has the properties of surfactant in water. It was found that direct numerical simulation of the system is able to reproduce the relaxation oscillations observed in the experiment only under the additional phenomenological assumption of non-Newtonian rheology of the interface, which was previously proposed for the external problem. The physical mechanism which may be responsible for the delayed onset of Marangoni instability is discussed. We demonstrate that periodic oscillations are generated inside the drop due to the competition between the Marangoni effect and the gravity-dependent convective instability of the solution. Using direct numerical simulation, we identified the structures of convective motion at the interface and in its neighborhood, determined the flow intensity as a function of time, and obtained the range of change in the oscillation period.
Образование конвективных валов на фоне продольного сквозного потока в активной неоднородной пористой среде со слабой закупоркой
Authors: Колчанова Екатерина Андреевна , Колчанов Николай Викторович
Published: May 2024

The convective stability of a plane-parallel longitudinal throughflow in a system consisting of two porous sublayers with distinct permeability is studied taking into account the weak pore clogging effect and given a finite difference in concentration between the upper and lower boundaries of the system. A system of differential equations for convection is derived within the framework of the continuum approach and the nonlinear MIM model. A linear stability analysis of the basic longitudinal flow is carried out. The boundary value problem is solved using the numerical technique for constructing a fundamental system of solutions. The neutral stability curves of the basic flow with respect to the disturbances in the form of rolls with different wavelength are obtained. For the absence of pore clogging, the convective stability maps of the critical solutal Rayleigh-Darcy number versus the permeability ratio for the initial uncontaminated sublayers, as well as the plots of the critical disturbance frequency and wave number versus the permeability ratio for some values of the Peclet number, are constructed. It is shown that these results have symmetry with respect to the solution for equal initial permeability of sublayers. The clogging effect associated with the solute adsorption and desorption in a porous medium is studied in the two-layered systems with the values 0.1 and 10 of the ratio of initial permeabilities of the sublayers; convection localization occurs in distinct sublayers. It was found that clogging increases the stability of the longitudinal basic flow relative to solutal inhomogeneity and breaks the symmetry of solutions with respect to the case when the two-layered system is reduced to a single layer with the same filtration properties of the porous medium throughout its volume. The influence of sorption effects on the critical parameters of oscillatory convection is investigated by plotting the critical solutal Rayleigh-Darcy number, disturbance frequency and wave number against the adsorption coefficient at fixed values of the desorption coefficient. The isolines of the stream function are constructed to analyze convective flow patterns. It was established that there is a weak relationship between the typical size of local convective roll patterns and the clogging parameters. It is shown that the sorption processes, which can lead to clogging, have a significant impact on the velocity of convective rolls moving along the two-layered system at a slight variation in their sizes.
Phantasus, a web application for visual and interactive gene expression analysis
Authors: Kleverov Maksim , Zenkova Daria , Kamenev Vladislav , Sablina Margarita , Artyomov Maxim N , Sergushichev Alexey A
Published: May 2024

Transcriptomic profiling became a standard approach to quantify a cell state, which led to the accumulation of huge amount of public gene expression datasets. However, both reuse of these datasets or analysis of newly generated ones requires significant technical expertise. Here, we present Phantasus: a user-friendly web application for interactive gene expression analysis which provides a streamlined access to more than 96,000 public gene expression datasets, as well as allows analysis of user-uploaded datasets. Phantasus integrates an intuitive and highly interactive JavaScript-based heatmap interface with an ability to run sophisticated R-based analysis methods. Overall Phantasus allows users to go all the way from loading, normalizing, and filtering data to doing differential gene expression and downstream analysis. Phantasus can be accessed online at https://alserglab.wustl.edu/phantasus or can be installed locally from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/phantasus). Phantasus source code is available at https://github.com/ctlab/phantasus under an MIT license.
CLOCK evolved in cnidaria to synchronize internal rhythms with diel environmental cues
Authors: Aguillon Raphael , Rinsky Mieka , Simon-Blecher Noa , Doniger Tirza , Appelbaum Lior , Levy Oren
Published: May 2024

The circadian clock enables anticipation of the day/night cycle in animals ranging from cnidarians to mammals. Circadian rhythms are generated through a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL or pacemaker) with CLOCK as a conserved positive factor in animals. However, CLOCK’s functional evolutionary origin and mechanism of action in basal animals are unknown. In the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, pacemaker gene transcript levels, including NvClk (the Clock ortholog), appear arrhythmic under constant darkness, questioning the role of NvCLK. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9, we generated a NvClk allele mutant (NvClkΔ), revealing circadian behavior loss under constant dark (DD) or light (LL), while maintaining a 24 hr rhythm under light-dark condition (LD). Transcriptomics analysis revealed distinct rhythmic genes in wild-type (WT) polypsunder LD compared to DD conditions. In LD, NvClkΔ/Δ polyps exhibited comparable numbers of rhythmic genes, but were reduced in DD. Furthermore, under LD, the NvClkΔ/Δ polyps showed alterations in temporal pacemaker gene expression, impacting their potential interactions. Additionally, differential expression of non-rhythmic genes associated with cell division and neuronal differentiation was observed. These findings revealed that a light-responsive pathway can partially compensate for circadian clock disruption, and that the Clock gene has evolved in cnidarians to synchronize rhythmic physiology and behavior with the diel rhythm of the earth’s biosphere.
Visual homogeneity computations in the brain enable solving generic visual tasks
Authors: Jacob Georgin , Pramod R. T. , Arun S. P.
Published: May 2024

Many visual tasks involve looking for specific object features. But we also often perform generic tasks where we look for specific property, such as finding an odd item, deciding if two items are same, or if an object has symmetry. How do we solve such tasks? Using well-known principles governing multiple object representations, we show that displays with repeating elements can be distinguished from heterogeneous displays using a property we define as visual homogeneity. In behavior, visual homogeneity predicted response times on visual search and symmetry tasks. Brain imaging during these tasks revealed that visual homogeneity in both tasks is localized to a region in the object-selective cortex. Thus, a novel image property, visual homogeneity, is encoded in a localized brain region, to solve generic visual tasks.Most visual tasks involve looking for specific features, like finding a face in a crowd. But we often also perform generic tasks where we look for a particular image property – such as finding an odd item, deciding if two items are same, or judging if an object is symmetric. Precisely how we solve such disparate tasks is unclear. Here, we show that these tasks can be solved using a simple property we define as visual homogeneity. In behavior, visual homogeneity predicted response times on visual search and symmetry tasks. In brain imaging, it was localized to a region near the object-selective cortex. Thus, a novel image property, visual homogeneity, is computed by the brain to solve generic visual tasks.
The neurodevelopmental trajectory of beta band oscillations: an OPM-MEG study
Authors: Rier Lukas , Rhodes Natalie , Pakenham Daisie , Boto Elena , Holmes Niall , Hill Ryan M. , Rivero Gonzalo Reina , Shah Vishal , Doyle Cody , Osborne James , Bowtell Richard , Taylor Margot J. , Brookes Matthew J.
Published: May 2024

Neural oscillations mediate the coordination of activity within and between brain networks, supporting cognition and behaviour. How these processes develop throughout childhood is not only an important neuroscientific question but could also shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, measuring the neurodevelopmental trajectory of oscillations has been hampered by confounds from instrumentation. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of a disruptive new imaging platform – Optically Pumped Magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) – to study oscillations during brain development. We show how a unique 192-channel OPM-MEG device, which is adaptable to head size and robust to participant movement, can be used to collect high-fidelity electrophysiological data in individuals aged between 2 and 34 years. Data were collected during a somatosensory task, and we measured both stimulus-induced modulation of beta oscillations in sensory cortex, and whole-brain connectivity, showing that both modulate significantly with age. Moreover, we show that pan-spectral bursts of electrophysiological activity drive task-induced beta modulation, and that their probability of occurrence and spectral content change with age. Our results offer new insights into the developmental trajectory of beta oscillations and provide clear evidence that OPM-MEG is an ideal platform for studying electrophysiology in neurodevelopment.
Spatiotemporal changes in Netrin/Dscam1 signaling dictate axonal projection direction in Drosophila small ventral lateral clock neurons
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Yuedong , Liu Xian , Han Junhai , Tian Yao
Published: May 2024

Axon projection is a spatial- and temporal-specific process in which the growth cone receives environmental signals guiding axons to their final destination. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in axonal projection direction without well-defined landmarks remain elusive. Here, we present evidence showcasing the dynamic nature of axonal projections in Drosophila’s small ventral lateral clock neurons (s-LNvs). Our findings reveal that these axons undergo an initial vertical projection in the early larval stage, followed by a subsequent transition to a horizontal projection in the early-to-mid third instar larvae. The vertical projection of s-LNv axons correlates with mushroom body calyx expansion, while the s-LNv-expressed Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam1) interacts with Netrins to regulate the horizontal projection. During a specific temporal window, locally newborn dorsal clock neurons secrete Netrins, facilitating the transition of axonal projection direction in s-LNvs. Our study establishes a compelling in vivo model to probe the mechanisms of axonal projection direction switching in the absence of clear landmarks. These findings underscore the significance of dynamic local microenvironments in the complementary regulation of axonal projection direction transitions.
Non-destructive prediction of anthocyanin concentration in whole eggplant peel using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Ma Zhiling , Wei Changbin , Wang Wenhui , Lin Wenqiu , Nie Heng , Duan Zhe , Liu Ke , Xiao Xi Ou
Published: May 2024

Accurately detecting the anthocyanin content in eggplant peel is essential for effective eggplant breeding. The present study aims to present a method that combines hyperspectral imaging with advanced computational analysis to rapidly, non-destructively, and precisely measure anthocyanin content in eggplant fruit. For this purpose, hyperspectral images of the fruits of 20 varieties with diverse colors were collected, and the content of the anthocyanin were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. In order to minimize background noise in the hyperspectral images, five preprocessing algorithms were utilized on average reflectance spectra: standard normalized variate (SNV), autoscales (AUT), normalization (NOR), Savitzky–Golay convolutional smoothing (SG), and mean centering (MC). Additionally, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the high-dimensional hyperspectral data. In order to predict the cyanidin, petunidin, delphinidin, and total anthocyanin content of eggplant fruit, two models were constructed: partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). The HPLC results showed that eggplant peel primarily contains three types of anthocyanins. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the average reflectance rates between 400–750 nm wavelength ranges for different colors of eggplant peel. The prediction model results indicated that the model based on NOR CARS LS-SVM achieved the best performance, with a squared coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.98, RMSEP and RMSEC less than 0.03 for cyanidin, petunidin, delphinidin, and total anthocyanin predication. These results suggest that hyperspectral imaging is a rapid and non-destructive technique for assessing the anthocyanin content of eggplant peel. This approach holds promise for facilitating the more effective eggplant breeding.
Modelo Fuzzy de caracterização de aplicações em ambiente de computação na nuvem
Authors: Boente Kilmer Pereira , Cosenza Carlos Alberto Nunes , Santos Edison Conde Perez dos , Ferreira Vinícius Marques da Silva , Andrade Gustavo Bastos de , Santos Ricardo Marciano dos
Published: May 2024

O presente trabalho propõe um modelo que visa a análise de performance dos recursos computacionais da computação em nuvem, especificamente, carga de CPU, uso de memória e escalabilidade de recursos, abordando a utilização de algoritmos baseados em linguagem de programação Python, bem como fundamentação em método fuzzy e algoritmo desenvolvido para auxílio à tomada de decisão na detecção da melhor performance em escalabilidade. O interesse pelas áreas da engenharia da produção, engenharia da computação, ciência da computação, lógicas, gestão, proatividade em estudar a aplicabilidade de Lógica Fuzzy com apoio da Ciência de Dados, são fatores que favorecem a elaboração da presente dissertação de mestrado, bem como o importantíssimo acompanhamento da rede de pesquisas dos estudos anteriores desenvolvidos no Programa de Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho poderá servir como apoio a outros estudantes e pesquisadores que se interessam pelo assunto, auxiliando na elaboração de projetos e trabalhos na área da engenharia da produção, engenharia da computação, ciência da computação, administração e áreas correlatas a presente dissertação.
Voluntary federal transfers and resource application: a systematic literature review
Authors: Souza Daniel Soares de , Santos Paulo Henrique , Lopes Cassiomar Rodrigues , Oliveira Lucas Santos de , Gomes Alan Keller , Lima Márcio Dias , Silva José Carlos Barros , Batista Karla de Aleluia
Published: May 2024

Voluntary federal transfers (VFT) play a significant role in the allocation of public resources in Brazil. To illustrate this importance, the federal government transferred BRL 58 billion from 2013 to 2018, funding 78,186 proposals from subnational entities. This article acknowledges the role of VFT in supporting local public policies and conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) using the protocol developed by Cronin et al. (2008). It examines the studies addressing VFT in Brazil through content analysis and proposes a research agenda on this topic. The SLR identified 12 studies primarily published in journals classified as B1 or higher by the Brazilian Qualis CAPES system, indicating adherence to stringent scientific production and dissemination criteria. The central scenario of each study was identified, enabling their classification according to the destination of the transferred resources. This research significantly contributes to the literature by filling a knowledge gap about VFT. It provides a robust foundation for future studies to support growth, development, and competitiveness in Brazil.
Descriptive analysis of intergovernmental contracts in the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry
Authors: Souza Daniel Soares de , Santos Paulo Henrique , Lopes Cassiomar Rodrigues , Oliveira Lucas Santos de , Oliveira Geraldo Andrade de , Gomes Alan Keller , Lima Márcio Dias , Batista Karla de Aleluia
Published: May 2024

The examination of intergovernmental contracts for acquiring agricultural machinery and equipment is a crucial strategy for comprehending resource distribution and partnerships across different levels of government. This study investigates these intergovernmental contracts between the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and various municipalities, employing descriptive research and analyzing data on financial transfers from MAPA to states grouped by region. Over the period from 2020 to 2022, there was a noticeable increase in voluntary transfers, underscoring the significance of contextualized analyses for more robust inferences within this timeframe. The research employs summary measures such as mean, median, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, as well as shape measures such as skewness and kurtosis, applied to three quantitative variables. These measures offer an overview of the distribution of financial amounts, revealing central tendencies and dispersions. Bar graphs visually represent the proportions of transfers by state, emphasizing the distribution of transfers across the country’s regions. Pearson’s linear correlation reveals a moderately strong and positive correlation between the years when intergovernmental contracts were executed and the average normalized transfer amounts. The relatively short timeframe is acknowledged as a limitation of this analysis. Hence, we recommend a more in-depth research agenda to explore intergovernmental contracts in the field of agriculture, considering their socioeconomic implications and impact on public policies.
Effectiveness of PBL in Improving Managerial Psychology Learning
Authors: Yen Tsai-Fa(TF)
Published: May 2024

The ability to solve problems has always been a core skill required in study, work and life, and is one of the important goals of high-impact teaching. In this case, project-based learning with problem solving orientation has become the teaching model often adopted by teachers. However, there are still some problems in the practical application of PBL. Such as reasonable allocation of teachers and teaching resources, mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers and students for PBL teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of students' perception of PBL and put forward research suggestions. Data was collected by literature retrieval and investigation of those students who study the course of managerial psychology. Text analysis and induction were used to find out the main ways that affect the learning effectiveness of PBL. It is found that teachers' humor personality traits and attitude toward students, the practicability of teaching materials and course content, and the interactivity and practicability of teaching methods can improve students' attraction, learning interest and class participation, and then affect the classroom atmosphere and learning effectiveness. The research suggests that teachers can cultivate a sense of humor, simplify the content of textbooks, propose corresponding materials and cases, strengthen interactive and practical teaching methods, and encourage students to practice, which can attract students efficiently and achieve good learning results.
Proximate Composition of Some Fish Feed Samples for Small-scale Aquaculture Farmers in Bobasi Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Omasaki Simion , Mutili Mary Mutuli , Kitonga Lydia
Published: May 2024

A study was carried out to assess the nutritional value of fish feed used by small-scale aquaculture farmers in Bobasi Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya between January and December 2019. Nine samples of fish feeds were collected randomly from different fish farmers and commercial feed dealers from the study area. These feeds were grouped into two categories: starter feeds and grower feeds. Farmers provided four locally formulated feeds: two starter feeds (C and D) and two grower feeds (H and I) while commercial dealers provided five feeds: two starter feeds (A and B) and three growers feeds (E, F, and G). Proximate analysis of these feeds were then carried out at the Kenya Marine Fisheries and Research Institute, Sangoro station, Kenya to assess their nutritional value. The results indicated that the crude protein (CP) content was in the range of 14.7 - 57.2%, ash 6.6 - 14.1%, lipid 2 - 11.2 %, fibre 0 - 10.3%, moisture 8.7 - 13.5% and nitrogen-free extract content 7.5 - 57.3% in commercial and farmer formulated feeds respectively. The results demonstrated that most commercial feeds had more protein content for fish growth compared to farmers’ locally formulated feeds. They also showed that feeds that had lesser CP levels had more nitrogen-free extract content which would result in reduced growth rates and consequently affect the fish yields.
Toxicity of Two Therapeutants Hydrogen Peroxide and Formalin in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Dixit Avanish , Ittoop Gijo , Pillai Devika , A Rehna , Chandrasekhar Leena , Nair Suresh N
Published: May 2024

The FDA has granted approval for the use of chemicals hydrogen peroxide and formalin in aquaculture. The toxicity of these two compounds was evaluated in the current study for freshwater Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 75 ± 2.5g. For 96 hours, ten fish each were subjected in triplicate to concentrations of hydrogen peroxide at 0 ppm, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm, 450 ppm, and 600 ppm. Similarly, for 96 hours, 10 fish each were subjected in triplicate to the following concentrations of formalin: 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm, 300 ppm, 350 ppm, 400 ppm, and 450 ppm. Every day, the mortality rate was noted. Each chemical's LD50 was determined using the non-linear regression approach. Hematological parameters, such as white blood cells, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and thrombocyte number as well as serum parameters, such as ALT, AST, creatinine, and BUN, and enzymes that inhibit free radicals, such as SOD, CAT, and GSH, were determined following the collection of blood and liver tissue. Following the slaughter fish. The liver, muscle, gills, and heart were collected for histopathology. The LC50 values for formalin and hydrogen peroxide were found to be 231.2 µg/ml and 314.6 µg/ml, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide significantly increased hematological parameters such as total WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, and thrombocyte count, and serum parameters such as ALT, AST, creatinine, and BUN, while antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GSH significantly decreased. Fish exposed to formalin had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, creatinine, BUN, and significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes. Histology of the muscles of fish that were exposed to sublethal concentrations of two chemicals showed hyperplasia, lamellar fusion of the gills, infiltration of hemocytes and muscular atypia in the heart, and separation of muscle fiber bundles in the liver.
Stochastic Modelling of Life Insurance Reserving Process: Assessing Ruin Probability and Adjustment Factors
Authors: Zimbidis Alexandros A.
Published: May 2024

The paper introduces a comprehensive stochastic model for the reserving process and the corresponding probability of ruin for a life insurance policy or, equivalently, for a portfolio of life policies. Within this framework, a discounted surplus process is established using a general probability space equipped with the natural filtration of past events and a suitable probability measure. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the surplus process behaves as a submartingale and explores its impact on the probability of ruin, along with the inherent trade-off between the initial expense level and the adjustment factor applied to the net reserves of the life policy. Finally, a thorough numerical analysis is conducted focusing on a whole life insurance policy. In this specific case, a comprehensive range of values for the adjustment factor necessary to uphold the desired probability of ruin is ascertained, considering the corresponding values of the initial expense level.
Relationship between Prices and Market Arrivals of Gram in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Nitharwal Kavita , Raghuwanshi P.S. , Singh Sudhir , Pandey Sneha , Rundla Surendra , Lamba Hemant Kumar
Published: May 2024

Taking these aspects into consideration current investigation was performed by acquiring monthly wholesale prices of gram in Madhya Pradesh. This analysis was centred on the secondary data regarding relationship between prices and market arrivals of gram in designated Agricultural Produce Market Committee (A.P.M.Cs) of Madhya Pradesh during the span of a decades from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Maximum significant association between prices and arrivals was seen in Vidisha mandi during eight years (2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2020-21 and 2021-22) while it was non-significant only in two years in Vidisha mandi (2018-19 & 2019-20). Followed by Raisen and Bhopal mandies during six years. Only in Vidisha and Bhopal mandies the correlation between arrivals and price showed a negative relationship (-0.2330 and -0.0327) and was statistically significant while it was statistically non-significant in Raisen mandi. Market arrivals were maximum in Vidisha mandi alongside monthly average of 1563.04 qt and minimum in Bhopal with the mean of 22.67 quintal per month. Coefficient of variation was computed to study the variations in monthly prices and arrivals gram during 2012-13 to 2021-22. Price variability coefficient of gram was originally peak (49.41%) in Vidisha, followed by (23.51%) Raisen and Bhopal (19.37%) from 2012-13 to 2021-22. The highest variation in arrivals was in Vidisha (49.41%) followed by Bhopal (44.73%) and Raisen (40.93%).