bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polygamy As a Form of Marriage: Based on Sociological Research
Authors: Galieva Guzel Ilgizovna
Published: January 2021

Polygamy as a form of marriage is, as a rule, more common in Arab and Muslim countries than in Russia. The desire of modern Russian men to commit polygamy can be interpreted as a consequence of the improvement in their material condition, which makes possible to support two or more wives and their children, while at the same time not taking into consideration the moral side of the issue that it is necessary to devote the same amount of time to all wives, to solve family problems if necessary, and to raise children. Despite the fact that the Quran says that it is better to take divorced and single mothers as the second and the third wives to support them, modern men are not guided by moral and religious principles, but rather by the desire to have a younger wife. This article presents the results of sociological research, both quantitative and qualitative. As a quantitative study, we conducted a pilot survey of Muslim women in the Republic of Tatarstan, which revealed some trends in the socialization of Muslims in Russian society. Further, a number of qualitative studies were conducted in order to study the Muslim environment in more depth: in-depth interviews with Russian Muslim women, as well as semi-structured interviews with imams of mosques. The results of the research made it possible to create a typology of polygamous families: — a Man with a good financial situation, in some cases having a high status in society, which can allow him to support several wives and their children, creates a marriage with several wives. In this type, family members are not always practicing Muslims, most often they are ethnic Muslims. — Male migrants, more often coming from CIS countries, less often from Arab countries, leave their wives and children, come to work in Russia and create new families. However, for such wives from Russia, there is no guarantee that the husband will not leave for his homeland and will not return. — A man who belongs to non-traditional religious movements, where it is possible without observing the necessary conditions to conduct the nikah rite with a woman from the same ”group” that shares his ”religious” views, including without notification, permission of the first wife. More often, this is a man who does not have the financial ability to support several wives.
Keywords: polygamy, polygamous family, Muslim women, Muslim, Islam
Potential for Social Development of Rural Areas of Khakassia
Authors: Luchnikova O.L.
Published: January 2021

This article explores the potential for social development in rural areas of Khakassia. The study identifies the crisis facing the contemporary countryside, connected with destruction of the agricultural sector by the agrarian reforms of the 1990s. Negative consequences are apparent in social, labor, cultural, household, even interpersonal areas of life. This study emphasizes the extensive potential of rural territories and focuses on the assessment of social development potential of rural territories of the Siberian region, particularly Khakassia; it can facilitate the sustainable development, and ensure a decent standard and quality of life for the rural population. The empirical base is statistical data and the sociological survey of the rural population of Khakassia in 2018. Rural population of Khakassia is relatively stable in compare with the whole population in rural territories of Russia. Due to administrative and territorial transformations preservation of rural population of the region facilitates the conversion of the urban settlements to rural settlements, also due to ‘tightening’ of the population in large (especially suburban) settlements. Depopulation of the rural population leads to the transformation of labor resources because of migration outflow, decline of employable population, and increase of pensioners. The general labor potential of this part of rural population is low due to a lower education level and forced need to work outside the profession. The gender and age structure of rural population is unequal because of proportion of men and women. It correlates with marriage and birth rate; the decline of women of reproductive age (from 20 to 24 years) causes falling of marriages and fertility decline. The standard of living of the rural population of region is low. The evidence is complexity of access to medical care, decline of primary schools, elimination of cultural and leisure centers etc. Value orientations of the rural population change, for example, the values of well-being, comfort, and income become most important. In our view, family farming plays an important role in the development of rural territories. Family farming (for example, sheep breeding) can be a main source of income of unemployed rural residents. Unfortunately, as per our survey, only one third of respondents are ready to engage in farming. In conclusion, the main potential for social development is human resources (preservation of rural population, increase of social activity, and family farming as a foreground source of income).
Keywords: potential, social development, rural territories, rural population, Khakassia
Preparing Multilingual Professionals: Deficiencies and Prospects of Foreign Language Education at Russian Universities
Authors: Guzikova Maria
Published: January 2021

The trend of global mobility and super-diversity is reflected in the growing number of multilingual people. Research demonstrates that foreign language skills lead to a wage increase, and this is another important motivational factor in learning a foreign language. National and supranational language policies aim at developing citizens’ multi-lingual skills, one of the most prominent examples being the European Union Multilingualism Policy. Although English as a means of international communication remains the main language to be studied in non-English speaking countries, some states have announced the development of languages other than English. In Russia, foreign language competence remains a mandatory part of higher education standards for all areas of training, and the quality of language education is important. This article presents the results of an online survey that show students’ satisfaction with their foreign language skills acquired at Russian universities. The survey was conducted at four universities among students of non-linguistic curricula. As it turned out, more than a half of the respondents are only partially satisfied with their foreign language proficiency. As the main deficiencies, students mention an insufficient number of class hours, a lack of speaking practice, as well as obsolete programs and teaching styles. It follows then that students require more practical skills, including communication in everyday life situations, preferably with native speakers, as well as the modernization of programs and teaching methods. Many voiced a need to introduce edutainment activities into teaching.
Keywords: foreign language education, students’ satisfaction with foreign language learning, modernization of foreign language education at universities
Public Policy and Policy-Making
Authors: Yalmanov N.
Published: January 2021

This research adopts a methodological approach to the analysis of policy-making, which allows both a comprehensive study of policy-making and also helps to determine the content of public policy. The research, firstly, critically reviews the popular political science conceptual models of policy-making to determine factors that make the existing models unfit to explain the essence and fundamental attributes of this process. Then, the main characteristics of political decisions based on the normative approach will be highlighted and the key features of this mechanism will be determined. Policy decisions features considered in the context of political science are interconnected. Key features such as political power, interests, responsibility and rationality lead to a conclusion about the preventive nature of political decisions. The preventive orientation of political actions means the intention to create, direct and control events distant in the time continuum in the right way, anticipating undesirable effects in the exercise of power capability. The normative approach to study of policy-making creates a methodological basis for determination of public policy and shows that public policy is the definition of strategic goals for the development and consolidation of society, through activities related to the development of a political course for the society development and integration through policy-making.
Keywords: public policy, policy-making, theory of policy-making, rationality
Public Opinion on Artificial Intelligence Development
Authors: Merenkov A.V. , Campa R. , Dronishinets N.P.
Published: January 2021

In connection with the active role of Russia and other countries in the design and implementation of devices with artificial intelligence (AI), there is a need to study the opinion of different social groups on this technology and the problems that arise when using it. The purpose of this work is to analyze public opinion on AI, in Russia and various foreign countries, and the possible consequences of its implementation in different areas of human activity. The research has revealed students’ opinions about AI devices and the problems related to their development in Russia. The research methods adopted are a content analysis of foreign publications devoted to the study of public opinion on AI and a questionnaire survey. Overall, 190 students of the Ural Federal University enrolled in Bachelor’s and Master’s programs were interviewed. The analysis of publications devoted to the study of public opinion in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe, as well as the results of our survey, has led to the conclusion that the majority of people have only a vague idea of what AI devices are. Our study has revealed that 23.6% of the respondents know nothing about AI. 36% of the respondents believe that in the near future the most demanded specialists in the labor market will be those who create robots and control their work. The survey has also shown the important role of mass media and general and special education institutions in informing the population about the opportunities and problems that arise when devices that exceed human mental capabilities are created and enter the social fabric.
Keywords: public opinion, artificial intelligence, subjects of public opinion, representations of social groups about artificial intelligence
Religious Socialization in a High Modern Society
Authors: Alexeeva Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of how religious identity and belonging to a religious community becomes a life strategy for socialization, and can help to overcome crises at different stages of life. The text presents an analysis of the autobiographies of those who made religiosity the basis of their way of life and a means of of self-determination. The methodological basis of the research is the combination of the theory of multiple modernities and the method of biographical interviews. Namely, we pay attention to the strategy of constructing religious identity. Sampling was carried out using a combination of reference sampling methods and ‘snowball’, since our previous experience has shown that this combination gives the best results in the study of hard-to-reach religious groups. In total, the sample included 30 respondents at the rate of three representatives of each denomination (Orthodox, Catholics, old believers, Buddhists, Jews) in each of the two cities. They were interviews (in person and on Skype), then the resulting transcripts were processed according to the methodology of the analysis of biographical narrative, described by T. Ingrata. The method of biographical interview removes the problem of psychological barrier in respondents when communicating on sensitive topics, as Hyde does not affect them directly. When planning the sample, we included major denominations represented in Russia — Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Buddhism and Judaism. This procedure allows identifying and describing strategies of behavior, as it is based on the comparison of biographical data of respondents with the ‘told life story’, that is, the consideration of subjective experience in comparison with the real socio-cultural context.
Keywords: religious conversion, life crisis, biography, biography method
Representation of the Consumer Society in V. O. Pelevinˋs Novels of the 21st Century
Authors: Biriukova Ekaterina Vadimovna , Larina Nadezhda Albertovna
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of consumer society reflection in V.O. Pelevin‘s works published in the twenty-first century. There is an attempt to determine the main features of the consumer society to which the characters belong: dominance of focus toward to the satisfaction of private needs, the acquisition of material wealth as a means of achieving prosperity and happiness, the quality of consumed products (goods, services, etc.) determines the status of the consumer in society. V.O. Pelevin defines and ridicules capitalist culture using sarcasm and grotesque, demonstrating the image of consumer society exclusively in negative connotations. V.O. Pelevin reconstructs modern society, endowing it with the features of the world we are accustomed to, but absurdly creating his world of sellers and consumers included in a repeating cycle and changing roles depending on status within the framework of artistic reality. Aimed at revealing the author’s attitude to the consumer society and the novel characters’ attitudes to the object of study, selective analysis of a work fragments demonstrates the gradual inclusion of characters in the consumption culture and a deeper study of the phenomenon by the author. The article considers the consumer society reconstruction in the art world of the following works by V.O. Pelevin: novels Generation P, The Werewolf’s Holy Book, Svyashennaya kniga oborotnya, Empire V, Secret Views of the Fuji Mount, [Sekretnye vidi na goru Fuji], and a story Wind search record [Zapis‘ o poiske vetra]. Such a selective analysis reflects the transformation (which, depending on the point of view, can be called both evolution and degradation) of the consumer culture image and the position of the author may be determined.
Keywords: consumer society, postmodernism, V.O. Pelevin, novels
Russian Society's Civilizational Transit
Authors: Kozlovskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the issue of specific civilizational process formation in Russia as a new figuration and configuration of the forms of modernity. It is argued that explanations of the dynamics of Russian society are often based on the idea of predestination of the trajectory of its development (path dependency) that is caused either by the universal logic of modernization and globalization or by persistence of the basic cultural program or matrix which is reproduced in social practices. A civilizational transit of Russian society phenomena is discussed within multiple modernities theory as a new perspective that allows overcoming some of the problems with the predominant approaches to Russian modernization. Civilizational approaches to analyses of Russian culture, politics and society have been associated mostly with theories of ‘historical cycles’ worked out in late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. More recently a considerable attention has been devoted to different versions of ‘neoEurasianism’. In addition, the notion of ‘clash of civilizations’ proposed by Samuel Huntington became prominent in the political discourse in Russia at the end of 1990s. At the same time, the concept of civilization is discussed widely in today’s historical sociology. A specific school of ‘civilizational analysis’ that draws on the ideas of Shmuel Eisenstadt emerged at the end of the 1990s. This perspective has already influenced some new trends in sociology of religion, political sociology and international relations theory. The panel seeks to demonstrate the relevance of a new wave of civilizational analysis for understanding contemporary Russian culture, politics and society.
Keywords: Russian society, civilizational transit, multiple modernities
Social and Managerial Aspects of Using Digital Health Technologies
Authors: Yudin Valery Igorevich
Published: January 2021

The development of the health sector around the world is linked to digital technologies, because there is a need to optimize the processes of medical care for the population. Every year there is an increase in this market by a quarter. The use of digital technologies helps to improve health care. The management and organization system implements unified effective systems using the technological capabilities of digitalization in the health care sector. The relevance of the study is related to the need to change the outdated health management system with access to a modern level of technical and administrative support for medical services.The actual tool of digital medicine is cooperative forms of network interaction. We are exploring the further development of digital medicine in the short term, what opportunities can be presented and what results can be obtained by residents. Network communications play an important role in uniting professional medical communities. More than 65% of people between the ages of 21 and 35 have become participants in network technologies, and their number is constantly increasing. Administrative and management staffs are most active in discussions (43%) on the Internet and all respondents have an idea about telemedicine. Patients have the opportunity to get advice by contacting doctors online. The next stage in the development of information technologies is associated with increasing the speed and volume of transmitted data, which will help to predict critical conditions that threaten the patient’s health as quickly as possible. Now there is a discussion about the possibility of not just consulting, but also making diagnoses when patients contact the doctor, discussing in which cases a personal meeting with the doctor is necessary and under what conditions it is enough to provide maximum information about the state of health for diagnosis.
Keywords: digital healthcare, digital technologies, adaptation, medical specialists
Social Media As a Tool for Youth Involvement
Authors: Timokhovich Alexandra , Filenko Stepan
Published: January 2021

This article contains the results of the empirical study devoted to the problem of Russian youth political involvement and the influence of social media on the young people’s political activities. The study was in years 2018–2019. The study used quantitative method for collecting primary data (survey). The sample of the survey was 600 respondents. The respondents were young people studying at colleges and universities in Russian central region (18 districts). The study examines the political involvement of youth and the impact of social media on the young people political involvement. The survey has revealed the specifics of young people using different information channels to obtain news, thematic features of the information consumed, the degree of confidence in information, the attitude of young people towards politics, characteristics of political behavior, specifics of decision-making in crisis situations and patriotic sentiment among young people. The study has fixed the active use of online communication channels by young people, and their contradictory opinions on this question. They actively consume political information, but believe that they are not interested in politics; they are not involved and do not want to get involved in political activities, but they are ready to participate in protest movements; they have patriotic sentiments, but are not ready to contribute to the solving of political problems in the country.
Keywords: youth, social media, information, interest, political involvement
Social Robots: A Bridge Between the Two Cultures
Authors: Campa Riccardo
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to show the possible and actual synergies between social robotics and sociology. The author argues that social robots are one of the best fields of inquiry to provide a bridge between the two cultures — the one represented by the social sciences and the humanities on the one hand, and the one represented by the natural sciences and engineering on the other. To achieve this result, quantitative and qualitative analyses are implemented. By using scientometric tools like Ngram Viewer, search engines such as Google Scholar, and hand calculations, the author detects the emergence of the term-and-concept ‘social robots’ in its current use, the absolute and relative frequencies of this term in the scientific literature in the period 1800–2008, the frequency distribution of publications including this term in the period 2000–2019, and the magnitude of publications in which the term ‘social robots’ is associated to the term ‘sociology’ or ’social work’. Finally, employing qualitative analysis and focusing on exemplary cases, this paper shows different ways of implementing researches that relate sociology to robotics, from a theoretical or instrumental point of view. It is argued that sociologists and engineers could work in a team to observe, analyze, and describe the interaction between humans and social robots, by using research techniques and theoretical frames provided by sociology. In turn, this knowledge can be used to build more effective and humanlike social robots.
Keywords: social robots, sociology, social work, meta-analysis, scientometrics
The Chinese Students' Digital Competencies Formation in the Educational Space of the Russian University
Authors: Belyaeva E.A.
Published: January 2021

In the past two decades, in the context of internationalization of higher education, the formation of a digital society in Russia and overseas the requirements for higher education have changed significantly. Digital skills and competencies should be acquired by a person in the education system, so the role of higher education and learning in general is growing. The Chinese students’ influx to the Russian universities is increasing, which presents a challenge for the Russian universities to develop the digital skills of the Chinese students demanded on the global labor market. The main objectives of the study were to determine the basic digital competencies that Chinese students need to form in the process of training at the Russian higher school. The study was conducted at three universities in Yekaterinburg. The research methodology combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. 500 Russian and 500 Chinese students were questioned on the basis of quota sampling. In-depth interviews with 50 experts were conducted. The study has revealed the basic digital competencies required by Chinese students. They include: the ability to quickly respond to the intensification of ICT development, the ability to independently master and create innovations, the ability to work in network organizations with a decentralized management system (including Russian-Chinese), the skill of continuous self-education, the skill of self-study situation analysis and the skills of operational decision making. The research has found that in modern Russia there is a need to coordinate interstate, regional and university levels of innovative educational cooperation between Russia and China, to train Russian highly qualified specialists for the implementation of bilateral digital educational cooperation and to increase the financial component of the innovative development of the Russian-Chinese educational cooperation.
Keywords: digitalization of higher education, digital competencies, Chinese students, the educational space of the Russian university, the interaction of the Russian and the Chinese higher schools
The Dynamics of Youth Values in the Conditions of Social Instability: Case of Contemporary Russia
Authors: Rudenkin Dmitry
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of Russian youth values in the circumstances of moral and ethical instability of Russian society in 2012–2018. The central focus of the research was inspired by the idea of analytical extrapolation of R. Inglehart’s theory of intergenerational value change in the context of contemporary Russian society. The period between 2012 and 2018 was accompanied by complexities in international situation and difficulties in social and economic development of Russian society. These new challenges changed the context of the growing up and socialization of Russian youth. Implementation of R. Inglehart’s theory helps to formulate a hypothesis about the essence of influence of these changes on the values of youth. It is possible to say, that complication of the circumstances of growing up and socialization created a favorable basis for popularization of materialistic values among Russian youth. This hypothesis was tested by the author by comparison of youth’s surveys data, conducted in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2018. The survey has shown that the evolution of youth values between 2012 and 2018 was noticeable. It should be noted that materialistic values are not the key ones for Russian youth. Situation of new risks and challenges made young Russians even more indifferent to these values.
Keywords: youth, values, beliefs, the dynamics of values, a change in values, a value query, socialization
The Formation of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Master (Graduate) Programs
Authors: Krutko Inna S. , Senuka Zinaida V.
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to understanding entrepreneurial activity among students. The aim of the study is to examine the issue of entrepreneurial activity formation, examining entrepreneurship as a central over-system property of the personality, which can be formed and developed. The results of a study of entrepreneurship among university youth are presented. The methodology of Catella, the study of entrepreneurship, the technique of diagnostics of readiness to risk by G. Schubert, ”Motivation to success” and ”Motivation to avoiding failures” by Ehlers, the technique of diagnostics of level of subjective control, methods of mathematical statistics, which were used in this study, allowed us to see the correlation, providing a formed entrepreneurship: high levels of risk tolerance, combined with high motivation for success and low motivation to avoid failures. dents the study has shown that the first bachelor’s courses students’ competences are not formed in the educational process. The study has revealed the tendencies of the educational process modernization at the department of “Organization of work with youth”, which lead to the students’ entrepreneurial activity formation.
Keywords: entrepreneurial activity, entrepreneurship, student environment, entrepreneurial thinking
The Philosophy of the Game in the American Ludic Novels of Pre-Digital and Digital Era
Authors: Lavrentev A.I. , Ageeva M.G.
Published: January 2021

The Universal Baseball Association, Inc. by R. Coover and Remade by N. Stephenson offer differing views of the evolving concept of “game” in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The purpose of the study is to reveal the implications of the game theme in these novels as well as the transformation of the game concept in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Coover’s novel analysis in parallel to Kant’s concepts of a man’s ability for reasoning reveals how the imaginary world of the game can become selfsufficient and reduce the creator of the game to no more than one of its participants. Having got out of control the game imposes its own logic on all participants including its creator. It no longer obeys the creators will and the decision center moved to the analogue of Kant’s hypothetical super intelligence phenomenon. Stephenson’s novel offers an example of the gaming reality creation in globalization era. Stephenson’s game presents a dialectical contradiction: it replaces reality but simultaneously serves as a tool for escaping to this reality. Advanced digital technologies create the necessary gaming infrastructure and provide users with the material culture, socio-economic mechanisms for the distribution of online and offline resources, and spiritual culture. This makes the game world as a multidimensional form of reality. The survey has revealed several tendencies of digital technological development such as the set of technological tools available to the designer of the virtual world, the less this game world will differ from authentic reality. In the digital era, the online game becomes a way of active and intensive interaction with the external world rather than an escape from reality.
Keywords: game, digital technologies, American literature
The Prevalence of the Ideas of Nationalism Among Young People (The Case of Young People of Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Authors: Sivkova Nadezhda Ivanovna , Novgorodtseva Anastasia Nikolaevna , Sysolyatina Elena Leonidovna , Kunshchikov Sergey Viktorovich
Published: January 2021

The ideas of nationalism in the practical discourse of the media and the speeches of politicians are often negative; the ideas of the superiority of some nationalities over others and the spread of conflicts are emphasized. From the point of view of scientific discourse, nationalism is perceived both as a negative and as a positive phenomenon for maintaining the stability and the fundamental strength of the state. The importance of studying the prevalence of the ideas of nationalism is associated with working with young people who often act as a “risk group,” that is, those who, failing to understand the depth of the process, are prone to sympathize and even participate in nationalist events and organizations. To identify the prevalence of nationalist orientations, a sociological survey was conducted in the form of an enquiry (N = 638) among various categories of young people (students in schools, colleges, technical schools, and universities). It is shown that among the young people there is no adequate idea of nationalism, which is often disguised as patriotism. A university student can most adequately assess the existence of nationalist orientations in publications on social networks, in the media, in the speeches of political leaders, therefore, schoolchildren and students of secondary vocational education are most susceptible to the development and distribution of nationalist ideas. A special group — a risk group — includes students in a difficult financial situation.
Keywords: nationalism, patriotism, prevention of nationalism, youth, sociological research
The adventures of the text in digitalization era: ˋˋthe rime of ancient mariner'' by S.T. Coleridge in the classic translation by Nikolay Gumilev and the ˋˋrevelations'' of digital translation
Authors: Lamzina Anna Vladislavovna , Pavlova Tatyana Leonidovna
Published: January 2021

The possibilities of machine translation in the era of total digitalization seem limitless, however, for poetic text, electronic translation technology has limited application. For the analysis and comparison of machine and literary translation, the text of Coleridge’s 1798 poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” was taken for it uses the theme of the sea, which is extremely important in the poet’s work. This poem was translated by N.S. Gumilev in 1919: the translation was made more than a hundred years after the date of the creation of the original, and the author of the translation had to take into account the context of the creation of the work. The translation generated by modern technologies involves the work of a self-learning neural network which is based on corrections made by users. Online translation technology allows users who believe that the translation is inaccurate to either choose from several proposed options or make their own. On the one hand, due to the constant work of users and their corrections, the translation has the property of self-learning and implies that each subsequent translation is better than the previous one. On the other hand, for texts created 200 years ago, this technology may turn out to be unproductive: most texts translated using an electronic translator are modern, they take into account current realities and contexts of use. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted: translations of the same text by the translator-poet of the Silver Age and the modern electronic translator Google were compared. An electronic translation cannot explicitly take into account the rhythmic structure of the text, the assonances and alliterations used in it, etc., however, it can convey the general meaning of the text, its content. It seems interesting that in the text generated by electronic translation, new semantic connections arise which are absent in the original and in the translation of the poet.
Keywords: Translation, neural network, digitalization, Gumilev, Coleridge
The Economic Role of the Region's Geobrand in Strengthening the Educational Trend of Foreign Youth Migration
Authors: Popova Olga , Myslyakova Julia , Gagarina Nafisa
Published: January 2021

The article considers the influence of the geobrand of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk oblast with regards to attracting foreign students to the universities in the region. It provides the statistics on the positive economic impact of the geobrand on the educational trend of foreign youth migration. What attracts foreign students is not only the university, but also the region itself. In case of Yekaterinburg, it is a well-known geobrand created historically purposefully or spontaneously. Large-scale international events held in the region contribute a lot to the worldwide recognition of the geobrand. It attracts additional resources and determines the competitive position of the area both locally and globally. With the development of digital culture, information society and the media space, it is possible to increase the region’s competitiveness and investment attractiveness. It is essential for improving its image and for its positive perception internally and externally. Since 2017 Yekaterinburg has been positioned mainly as a cultural and sports capital. Its image is transforming from that of an industrial territory to the image of a developing region. There are 39 higher education institutions located in Yekaterinburg, many of which occupy high positions in the Russian university ranking. Full-time contracts and part-time contracts with foreign students allowed the universities to receive income from the export of educational services. These universities managed to increase their total return on export of their services, which proves the interest of foreign students to studying in Ural universities. The main criteria for choosing the universities were recognition of the university diploma in their home country, interest in the region where the university is located and tuition fee. The sources of information from which they learned about the university were: Internet, World Cup and the university representatives visiting their country.
Keywords: export of educational services, economic impact of geobrand, educational migration, geotransformation
Weight Loss As a Sociocultural Practice of Creating a Demanded Body in the Students' Community
Authors: Russkikh Ludmila , Grun Elena
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the sociocultural practice of weight loss as a mean of a demanded body design in the student’s community. The study was conducted in 2019 at the South-Ural State University (National Research University) in Chelyabinsk, in Russia. The research methodology uses quantitative approach. 350 students were questioned. The objectives of the research were to study students’ perceptions of the body in demand and methods of weight loss for the construction of the body in demand. The study was based on sociological theories: such as body theory, theory of social / sociocultural practice and the social constructivism theory. The survey has revealed a strong dependence of students’ desire to lose weight on the common opinion. 79% of those who have been told about his / her stoutness want to lose weight, and only 24% of those who have not been told about his / her stoutness has the desire to lose weight. A strong relationship was also found between the students’ attempt and the desire to lose weight, depending on the presence of excess pounds. The authors draw conclusions about the students’ gender difference in ideas about the demanded female and male body. For girls, the harmony of the female body is more important than such a characteristic for men (despite the fact that this is their only requirement), as well as the relief, which for the boys in the perception of the female body was not important. But the requirements for the lack of undesirable body characteristics are the same. The study has shown that the majority of respondents (72.0%) do not consider model parameters of the figure to be the standard. However, girls still relate to such ideals somewhat more favorably than boys. Perhaps this is due to the greater exposure of girls to the influence of the media, public opinion and advertising. The dependence of the attempt and desire to lose weight on the adoption of model parameters for the standard was not found. The study has determined that for the majority of students the sociocultural practice of weight loss is an important means of constructing their physicality. However, for only one third of the respondents, it turned out to be effective. At the same time, students are not ready for more radical measures to change their physicality.
Keywords: demanded body, students’ community, sociocultural practice of losing weight, a demanded body design
Social Bots As an Instrument of Influence in Social Networks: Typologization Problems
Authors: Vasilkova V.V. , Legostaeva N.I.
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, in the field of social bots investigations, we can observe a new research trend — a shift from a technology-centered to sociology-centered interpretations. It leads to the creation of new perspectives for sociology: now the phenomenon of social bots is not only considered as one of the efficient manipulative technologies but has a wider meaning: new communicative technologies have an informational impact on the social networks space. The objective of this research is to assess the new approaches of the established social bots typologies (based on the fields of their usage, objectives, degree of human behavior imitation), and also consider the ambiguity and controversy of the use of such typologies using the example of botnets operating in the VKontakte social network. A method of botnet identification is based on comprehensive methodology developed by the authors which includes the frequency analysis of published messages, botnet profiling, statistical analysis of content, analysis of botnet structural organization, division of content into semantic units, forming content clusters, content analysis inside the clusters, identification of extremes — maximum number of unique texts published by botnets in a particular cluster for a certain period. The methodology was applied for the botnet space investigation of Russian online social network VKontakte in February and October 2018. The survey has fixed that among 10 of the most active performing botnets, three botnets were identified that demonstrate the ambiguity and controversy of their typologization according to the following criteria: botnet “Defrauded shareholders of LenSpetsStroy” — according to the field of their usage, botnet “Political news in Russian and Ukrainian languages” — according to their objectives, botnet “Ksenia Sobchak” — according to the level of human behavior imitation. The authors identified the prospects for sociological analysis of different types of bots in a situation of growing accessibility and routinization of bot technologies used in social networks.
Keywords: social bots, botnets, classification, VKontakte social network
Normative and Institutional Foundations of Modern State Policy Regarding Complainers Abroad
Authors: Nikitina Elena , Tarbeeva Irina , Vasileva Elena , Zerchaninova Tatiana
Published: January 2021

Currently, about 30 million [8] compatriots live in the world who finds themselves outside of Russia. The collapse of the USSR and the formation new independent states saw millions of Russian people separated from Russia by borders, and faced discrimination on the basis of language, which caused an increase in the migration activity of the Russian population in the post-Soviet space. This situation requires a review of the principles and directions state authorities’ activity in the migration sphere and determination of the necessary regulatory legal framework for regulating the processes of the influx of migrants from the former Soviet republics to Russia. The purposes of the research are 1) to study the regulatory and institutional foundations of modern public policy in relation to compatriots abroad and 2) to identify its main directions. The main research method is the analysis of official documents, regulatory legal acts, reporting and analytical documents of authorities implementing the state policy regarding compatriots living abroad. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding expatriate citizens is a system of legal, diplomatic, social, economic, and organizational measures aimed at supporting and protecting Russian compatriots, ensuring the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, as well as creating conditions under which they could would live as equal citizens in foreign countries or return to the Russian Federation. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding compatriots abroad is implemented in two opposite directions, which significantly reduces its effectiveness. The mechanisms for implementing this policy are various forms of horizontal and vertical cooperation and interaction in various fields such as humanitarian, social, educational, cultural, and economic. A significant number of policy implementation entities required the creation and use of modern mechanisms for coordinating their activities. The resources spent on the return of compatriots to their homeland are not able to compensate for the emigration outflow from Russia, however, mechanisms aimed at solving the latter problem are not provided. In fact, the local population is excluded from the scope of this policy, which entails a number of problems associated not only with the attitude of the host society towards the migrants, but also with the desire of a significant part of the youth to leave Russia.
Keywords: state policy, compatriots, institutions
Modern Trends and Prospects for the Development of Russian Healthcare: The Role of Digital Technologies
Authors: V.I. Yudin , O.V Shirokova
Published: January 2021

Health care as an open system is affected by external fluctuations: the processes of globalization, digitalization and informatization; modernization and virtualization; increasing complexity of problems and volumes of information; increasing share of qualified, creative work; challenges and threats of the future, increasing social tension and devaluation of values. All this leads to a change in the management paradigm, which is based on future management, advanced development, self-education and self-development. Data analysis of VTSIOM secondary sociological studies and author’s analysis of the content of discussions from August 2018- to February 2019 of medical professionals ’online communities were conducted. The study has identified the following current trends: the growth of informatization, virtualization, the emergence of new medical technologies, the formation of the global medical market, the change in the management paradigm of public and non-profit health organizations, the formation of new requirements for managers and staff of medical organizations. Global trends are linked to the growing popularity of digital healthcare. Medical institutions, diagnostic laboratories and insurance companies are gradually getting involved in the digitalization process and creating a single electronic system. This task is included in the National strategy for the development of artificial intelligence in Russia. The study has fixed that the problem of accessibility and quality of medical care in the country remains relevant, which is confirmed by the data of independent sociological studies. The main risks of digital medicine development are data security and insufficient professional competence of medical personnel in the field of information technology. It is important to support the processes the of users number of medical relevant social networks: iVrach.com, imedicina.ru, vrachirf.ru, doctocnarabote.ru, novmed.net, medtusovka.ru, doctornet.ru as well as consolidation of Russian technology companies in developing their own up-to-date software products for digital medicine.
Keywords: Digital Healthcare; digital technologies; quality of medical services, telemedicine, Russian healthcare, risks of digitalization Introduction
Teaching the Native and Foreign Language at High School Using the Possibilities of Case Linguistics
Authors: Yurievna Dmitrieva Yuliya , Anatolyevna Yakovleva Lyubov
Published: January 2021

Corpus linguistics is a modern direction in the field of linguistics, which involves the accumulation of texts in this language with grammatical markup and the possibility of advanced search. The corpus implies the possibility of quick implementation of statistical sampling for any period of interest to the researcher, as well as the collection and analysis of contexts for the use of the studied word or group of words. The ability to collect corpuses of texts and use them is inextricably linked with the technical progress of the second half of the twentieth century: in fact, Internet search engines use the technology of intelligent search, largely due to the achievements of corpus linguistics. The possibilities of the various languages collecting corpuses are practically not mastered in the teaching of both the native and foreign languages. This article proposes an option to use the capabilities of the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the British Corpus in order to motivate students and perform mini-linguistic research. The indicated technology has been repeatedly tested at bachelors and masters of linguistic and philological specialties with a positive result. The introduction of interaction with the corpus of texts into classes positively affects both the students’ research competence and the development of skills in mastering modern technologies and the capabilities of the digital society. The mini-studies can even be conducted by first-year bachelors, since they do not require deep linguistic knowledge. When presenting the results of their research, students can go on to compare and research the received statistical data. When mastering both a foreign and a native language, working with the corpus makes it possible to look at words from a new angle and demonstrate the relationship between the history of society and the history of words.
Keywords: Teaching methodology, corpus linguistics, foreign language, native language