bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Каркасный алгоритм оценки схожести невзвешенных неориентированных графов
Authors: Сысоев В.В.
Published: December 2024

Общеизвестно, что проблема алгоритмов оценки схожести графов упирается в сложность их вычисления. Большинство предлагаемых алгоритмов оценки схожести графов основаны на алгоритме Ульмана. Философия алгоритма Ульмана заключается в работе с матрицами смежности. Алгоритм Ульмана имеет высокую сложность вычисления, применение параллельных вычислений, в том числе, на видеокартах, оставляет алгоритм Ульмана NP– сложным. При этом алгоритм Ульмана дает только информацию, изоморфны ли графы или является ли один из них подграфом другого, а для получения численной оценки схожести необходимо проводить дополнительные вычисления. Предлагаемый в статье каркасный алгоритм оценки схожести призывает отойти от философии алгоритма Ульмана, а именно, работы с матрицами смежности. Новый алгоритм основан на построении и изучении каркасов сравниваемых графов. В статье приводится определение и алгоритм построения каркаса графа, который, в свою очередь, строятся на основе ранее опубликованном итерационном алгоритме нахождения всех наикратчайших путей между двумя вершинами. Каркасный алгоритм имеет асимптотическую сложность , способен выявить гомоморфизм графов и дать количественную оценку схожести двух сравниваемых графов.

It is well known that the problem of algorithms for estimating the similarity of graphs rests on the complexity of their computation. Most proposed algorithms for estimating graph similarity are based on Ullman’s algorithm. The philosophy of Ullmann's algorithm is to work with adjacency matrices. Ulman’s algorithm has high computational complexity, and the application of parallel computations, including on video cards, leaves Ullman’s algorithm NP-complex. In addition, Ullmann’s algorithm just provides information on whether graphs are isomorphic or whether one of them is a subgraph of the other, and additional computations are needed to obtain a numerical estimate of similarity. The wireframe similarity estimation algorithm proposed in the article calls to move away from the philosophy of Ullmann’s algorithm, namely, work with adjacency matrices. The new algorithm is based on the construction and study of frameworks of compared graphs. The article provides a definition and an algorithm for constructing a graph framework, which, in turn, are built on the basis of a previously published iterative algorithm for finding all the shortest paths between two vertices. The wireframe algorithm has asymptotic complexity O (|V|2), it is able to detect graph homomorphism and quantify the similarity of two compared graphs.
Обзор технологий выявления модифицированного контента класса DeepFake
Authors: Балашов А.В. , Вышегородцев К.Е. , Свичкарь Д.А. , Хенкин П.В.
Published: December 2024

В работе приводится обзор публикаций об основных технологиях выявления модифицированного контента класса DeepFake, в том числе, список публично доступных датасетов и результаты тестирования решений, имеющихся в публичном доступе. В работе также приводятся результаты независимого тестирования систем обнаружения DeepFake, полученные в ходе открытого конкурса DFDC – 2019 (DeepFake Detection Contest), а также краткие обзоры проводимых подобных конкурсов в 2020-2021 годах в КНР. Статья также описывает новый подход к обнаружению фото/видеоматериалов, созданных с применением технологий DeepFake. Проведенный авторами анализ решений дал возможность создать новый способ выявления поддельного контента, который был запатентован авторами в Роспатенте. Предложенный авторами механизм выявления DeepFake имеет ряд существенных преимуществ по сравнению с решениями, описанными в обзоре, что позволяет рассчитывать на более эффективное обнаружение попыток обхода биометрических систем.

The article provides an overview of publications on the main technologies for detecting modified content of the DeepFake class, including a list of publicly available datasets and the results of testing solutions available in the public domain. The article also presents the results of independent testing of DeepFake detection systems, obtained during the DFDC ‒ 2019 (DeepFakeDetectionContest) and gives brief reviews of similar competitions held in 2020-2021 in China. The article also describes a new approach to detecting photo/video materials created using DeepFake technologies. The authors' analysis of the solutions made it possible to create a new way of detecting fake content, which was patented by the authors in the Federal Service for Intellectual Property for Technology. The DeepFake detection mechanism proposed by the authors has a number of significant advantages over the solutions described in the review, which allows us to count on more efficient detection of attempts to bypass biometric systems.
Эффективный метод исследования экстремальных задач
Authors: Нефедов В.В. , Тихомиров В.В.
Published: December 2024

Гомотопический метод (или метод продолжения по параметру) хронологически берет начало в середине 19 столетия и активно развивается по настоящее время. В настоящей работе рассматривается деформационный (гомотопический) метод исследования экстремальных задач. Примеры применения этого метода иллюстрируются для известных задач нелинейного анализа. Одна из наиболее общих и эффективных схем применения гомотопического метода к качественному исследованию операторных уравнений (с вполне непрерывным оператором) принадлежит Лере и Шаудеру. В этой схеме параметр включается линейно. В работе приводятся примеры приложений гомотопического метода к исследованию экстремальных задач вариационного исчисления. При этом используется следующая основная конструкция: если в процессе деформации вариационной задачи ее экстремаль остается изолированной и при каком-либо значении параметра деформации эта экстремаль реализует минимум, то она реализует минимум исследуемой вариационной задачи при всех значениях параметра.

The homotopy method (or the parameter continuation method) first appeared in the middle of the 19th century and is being actively developed at the present time. In this paper, we consider a deformation (homotopy) method for studying extremal problems. Examples of this method are illustrated for well-known nonlinear analysis problems. One of the most general and efficient schemes for applying the homotopy method to the qualitative study of operator equations (with a completely continuous operator) was developed by Leray and Schauder. In this scheme, the parameter is included linearly. The article gives examples of applications of homotopy method to the study of extreme problems of variation calculus. The basic design is as follows: if during the deformation of the variational problem its extremal remains isolated and at any value of the deformation parameter this extremal achieves a minimum, then it implements the minimum of the variational problem under study for all values of the parameter.
Методика автоматического выявления нештатных ситуаций на объектах общественного транспорта
Authors: Абрамов Д.А. , Токарев В.Л.
Published: December 2024

Представленная работа посвящена разработке информационно-измерительной системы выявления нештатных ситуаций, возникающих на объектах общественного транспорта. В данной работе приведена статистика, по наиболее часто встречающимся видам нештатных ситуаций, возникающих на объектах общественного транспорта. Рассмотрен ограниченный набор, наиболее часто встречающихся, нештатных ситуаций, автоматическое выделение которых возможно на современном этапе науки и техники. Предложен метод классификации нештатных ситуаций, в непрерывном потоке изображений, основанный на использовании нечёткого классификатора, работающего на основе нечеткой модели, работа которой основана на применении алгоритма Мамдани. Для повышения качества работы классификатора, метод измерения параметров нештатных ситуаций был модернизирован, с целью исключения из анализа объектов, присутствующих на изображении, заведомо не представляющих интерес. Для этого, каждый подвижный объект, присутствующий в данный момент времени на сцене был подвергнут процедуре классификации, построенной на основе динамического вектора признаков. С целью дальнейшего увеличения числа нештатных ситуаций, метод классификации нештатных ситуаций в непрерывном потоке изображений включает два этапа: 1) обнаружение фактов выхода некоторых значений компонент вектора признаков за пределы установленных значений; 2) метод выявления/классификации нештатных ситуаций. Тестирование метода предложенного метода классификации и экспериментальная проверка подтвердили его эффективность.

The presented work is devoted to the development of an information and measuring system for identifying emergency situations arising at public transport facilities. This paper presents statistics on the most common types of emergency situations occurring at public transport facilities. The paper considers a limited set of, the most common, emergency situations, automatic selection of which is possible at the present stage of science and technology. A method for classifying emergency situations in a continuous stream of images is proposed. This method is based on the use of a fuzzy classifier based on a fuzzy model based on the Mamdani algorithm. To improve the quality of the classifier, the method for measuring the parameters of emergency situations was modernized in order to exclude from the analysis objects present in the image that are obviously of no interest. To do this, each moving object present at a given moment in time on the scene was subjected to a classification procedure based on a dynamic feature vector. In order to further increase the number of contingencies, the method of classifying contingencies in the continuous flow of images includes two stages: 1) detection of the withdrawal of certain values of the feature vector components outside the defined values; 2) a method for identifying/classifying emergency situations. Testing of the proposed classification method and experimental testing confirmed its effectiveness.
Osteoblastic metastases in a patient with low-grade cohesive gastric carcinoma
Authors:   Medical Institute M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Makarov A.D. , Tobokhov A.V. ,   Medical Institute M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Pestereva V.N. ,   Department of Therapy of the Republican Hospital No.1 – NCM, Noev D.D. ,   Medical Institute M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Sosina S.S. ,   Medical Institute M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Tyaptirgyanova T.M. ,   Medical Institute M.K. Ammosov NEFU
Published: December 2024

The article presents a clinical observation of osteoblastic metastases in a patient with poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma after several years of radical surgery. Multiple osteoblastic metastases sharply worsen the quality of life, adversely affect survival rate, and require timely comprehensive examination of patients with this pathology for early detection of “silent” bone metastases in order to improve long-term results of treatment.
Study objective: to describe a clinical case of osteoblastic metastases in poorly cohesive carcinoma.
Patient L., male, 48 years, was admitted to the RH#1 - NCM Therapy Department (Yakutsk, Russia) for examination with complaints of severe general weakness, severe pain in the hip joints and both lower extremities, sacrum, intensifying during walking and lying down, decreased appetite, dyssomnia due to pain syndrome.
In the Therapy Department the patient underwent CBC, biochemical analysis of blood, instrumental research. He received symptomatic treatment: table 5 diet, Nutriflex 40/80 intravenously. for parenteral nutrition, omeprazole with an antiulcer purpose, tramadol 2.0 ml and diclofenac 3.0 ml for pain control, vitamins B12 200 mcg per day, ketotifen 1 mg 1 time in the evening with a sedation. The condition is unchanged, the expressed pain syndrome in the hip joints and sacrum remains.
The patient was discharged with recommendations and referred to the Yakutsk Republican Oncological Dispensary to an oncologist and a chemotherapist for the selection of effective analgesic drug therapy and possible local radiation therapy.
Conclusion. Poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma is often diagnosed at late stages and has a poor prognosis. Our clinical case demonstrates that this form of cancer can be a source of multiple osteoblastic metastases, which drastically worsens the quality of life and adversely affects survival rate, and requires a timely comprehensive examination of patients with this pathology for early detection of “silent” bone metastases in order to improve long-term treatment results.
Keywords: poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma, osteoblastic metastases, computed tomography, bone scintigraphy.
The role of alendronic acid in inhibiting the growth of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia lesions after surgery
Authors: Kugushev A.Yu. , Lopatin A.V. , Grachev N.S. , Yasonov S.A.
Published: December 2024

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare benign hamartomatous bone disease characterized by replacement of bone with fibrous tissue. Due to the lack of a generally accepted universal approach to the FD treatment, surgical treatment remains the most preferable, however, in cases of subtotal involvement or spread to the skull base, this approach is either not feasible or not applicable, and attempts at marginal resection are associated with the risk of continued growth. Currently, extensive experience has been accumulated in conservative treatment of patients with fibrous dysplasia with bisphosphonate drugs, but the role of this therapeutics in non-radically operated patients has not been evaluated. Since 2014, specialists of the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital have treated 16 children with lesions of the frontal bone involving the skull base and subtotal lesions of the upper jaw after non-radical surgery. In all cases, extensive resections would carry the risk of developing serious complications or deformities requiring prolonged rehabilitation. In all cases, we used a similar scheme that is applied for isolated conservative therapy with alendronic acid. In this approach, no serious adverse reactions, including the development of osteonecrosis, were observed, and the achieved surgical result was maintained without an increase in residual volume.

Фиброзная дисплазия (ФД) – доброкачественное редкое гамартомное заболевание костей, характеризующееся замещением кости фиброзным компонентом. В связи с отсутствием общепринятого универсального подхода к лечению ФД, хирургическое лечение остается наиболее предпочтительным, однако в случае субтотального поражения или распространеие на основание черепа данный подход не рационален или невозможен, а попытка контурной резекции сопряжена с риском продолженного роста. В настоящий момент накоплен длительный опыт консервативного лечения пациентов с ФД препаратами бисфосфонатного ряда, однако не проводилась оценка роли данной терапии при не радикальном оперативном лечении. В отделение челюстно-лицевой хирургии РДКБ с 2014 года накоплен опыт лечения 16 детей после не радикального лечения при поражении лобной кости с распространением на основание черепа и субтотальном поражении верхней челюсти, Во всех случаях проведение обширный резекций было невозможно без риска развития серьезных осложнений или деформаций, требующих длительной реабилитации. Во всех случаях использовалась сходная схема, используемая нами при изолированной консервативной терапии препаратом алендроновой кислоты. Данный подход не показала развития серьезных побочных реакций, в том числе развития остеонекроза, при этом в динамике достигнутый хирургический результат сохранялся, без нарастания остаточного объема.
Modern Aspects of Treatment of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (Minor's Syndrome) (Literature Review and Clinical Case)
Authors: Diab Kh.M. , Daikhes N.A. , Pashchinina O.A. , Chobulov S.A. , Titkova A.V. , Panina O.S.
Published: December 2024

This article presents a literature review on Minor's syndrome. This syndrome is a rare abnormality of temporal bones, which is mostly found in the population of working age and is manifested by hearing loss and vestibular disorders. The paper focuses on the etiology, incidence and clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as diagnostic criteria of the superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). The existing methods of surgical treatment are described, and our own clinical experience of treating a patient with SSCD with positive clinical outcome is presented.

В статье проведен анализ литературы, посвященной синдрому Минора, или синдрому дегисценции верхнего полукружного канала (СДВПК). Данный синдром является редкой патологией височных костей, которая в большинстве случаев встречается у населения трудоспособного возраста, проявляется снижением слуха и вестибулярными нарушениями. Уделено внимание этиологии, распространению и клиническому проявлению заболевания, также рассмотрены диагностические критерии СДВПК. Описаны существующие методы хирургического лечения, представлен собственный клинический опыт лечения пациента с СДВПК с положительным клиническим результатом.
НАЛОГОВЫЙ ВЫЧЕТ: ТЕОРИЯ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ
Authors: Кутаев Шихрагим Кутаевич , Шахбанова Айна Магомедовна
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается порядок и изменения получения налоговых вычетов в 2020 году. Авторы анализируют порядок оформления возврата средств физическим лицам и приводят примеры.

The article deals with the procedure and changes for obtaining tax deductions in 2020. The authors analyze the procedure for issuing refunds to individuals and provide examples.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМКАК ФАКТОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВЫХ ПОДКОМПЛЕКСОВ АПК
Authors: Балиянц Карина Михайловна
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена обзору теоретических подходов к вопросу сущности и функционирования организационно-экономического механизма в агропромышленном комплексе региона. Рассмотрены основные положения различных научных подходов к формированию экономических механизмов в агросфере, их место и роль в устойчивом развитии региональной экономики. Для эффективного функционирования сфер АПК, эффективной работы организационно-экономического механизма, надо учитывать и его управленческие аспекты. Поэтому для достижения целей эффективного и устойчивого развития продуктовых подкомплексов АПК организационно-экономический механизм должен быть основан на сочетании государственного и саморегулирования

The article is devoted to a review of theoretical approaches to the issue of the essence and functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of the region. The basic provisions of various scientific approaches to the formation of economic mechanisms in the agricultural sector, their place and role in the sustainable development of the regional economy are considered. For the effective functioning of the agribusiness sectors, the effective operation of the organizational and economic mechanism, it is necessary to take into account its managerial aspects. Therefore, to achieve the goals of effective and sustainable development of agro-industrial complex product complexes, the organizational and economic mechanism should be based on a combination of state and self-regulation.
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ПАРАДИГМА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В РОССИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Мусаева Айнулхаят Запировна , Гасанова Алина Гехримановна
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на развитие российского менеджмента. Выявлены отличительные особенности в современной парадигме российского менеджмента: копирование западного опыта; акцент на теоретических знаниях менеджеров; боязнь инноваций и другие. Определены направления преодоления существующих проблем российского менеджмента: снижение уровня теневого бизнеса; развитие отечественного рынка труда; модернизация системы образования и улучшение качества человеческих ресурсов.

The article considers the factors that influence the development of Russian management. Distinctive features in the modern paradigm of Russian management are identified: copying the Western experience; emphasis on the theoretical knowledge of managers; fear of innovation, and others. The directions of overcoming the existing problems of Russian management are defined: reducing the level of shadow business; developing the domestic labor market; modernizing the education system and improving the quality of human resources.
Sustained, reversible and adaptive non-equilibrium steady states of a dissipative DNA-based system
Authors: Nicholas James D. , Del Grosso Erica , deMello Andrew J. , Puigmartí-Luis Josep , Ricci Francesco , Sorrenti Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Sustaining dissipative artificial systems in non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) through the continuous supply of a chemical fuel under open thermodynamic conditions remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate unprecedented NESS of a dissipative DNA strand-displacement reaction achieved by the continuous supply of an RNA fuel to a stirred semi-batch reactor. This was enabled by a custom automated setup that allows for tuneable fuel infusion rates and in situ fluorescence monitoring. The system can be maintained in NESS for extended periods and shows high reversibility, cycling between the equilibrium state and different NESS simply by halting and resuming the infusion. The system can also dynamically adapt to subtle variations in fuel supply (on the fly) by approaching different steady-state levels, mimicking nature’s ability to establish distinct NESS in response to changes in environmental conditions. By fitting the experimental data to a kinetic model of the reaction network, we demonstrate that the steady states obtained are indeed characterised by non-equilibrium concentrations of the species involved, thereby representing ‘genuine’ NESS.
Scaffold Hopping with Generative Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Rossen Luke , Sirockin Finton , Schneider Nadine , Grisoni Francesca
Published: December 2024

Scaffold hopping – the design of novel scaffolds for existing lead candidates – is a multi-faceted and non-trivial task, for medicinal chemists and computational approaches alike. Generative reinforcement learning can iteratively optimize desirable properties of de novo designs, thereby offering opportunities to accelerate scaffold hopping. Current approaches confine the generation to a pre-defined molecular substructure (e.g., a linker or scaffold) for scaffold hopping. This confined generation may limit the exploration of the chemical space, and require intricate molecule (dis)assembly rules. In this work, we aim to advance reinforcement learning for scaffold hopping, by allowing ‘unconstrained’, full-molecule generation. This is achieved via the RuSH (Reinforcement Learning for Uconstrained Scaffold Hopping) approach. RuSH steers the generation towards the design of full molecules having a high three-dimensional and pharmacophore similarity to a reference molecule, but low scaffold similarity. In this first study, we show the flexibility and effectiveness of RuSH in exploring analogs of known scaffold-hops and in designing scaffold-hopping candidates that match known binding mechanisms. Finally, the comparison between RuSH and two established methods highlights the benefit of its unconstrained molecule generation to systematically achieve scaffold diversity while preserving optimal three-dimensional properties.
A Writhed Mӧbius Nanobelt Derived from [7]Helicene
Authors: Ye Liping , Hu Chenyu , Yang Daiyue , Zhang Li , Yang Jun , Miao Qian
Published: December 2024

A novel writhed Möbius nanobelt was designed by fusing [7]helicene with a fragment of O,N-heterocyclacene. The nanobelt was synthesized using a helical building block derived from [7]helicene and a C-shaped building block derived from pyrene. These two building blocks were connected through nucleophilic aromatic substitution to form an oxanorbornene-containing macrocycle, which was then converted to the nanobelt by reductive aromatization. Both the nanobelt and its macrocyclic precursor exhibit C2 symmetry, but this symmetry is only reflected in the 1H NMR signals for the tetra(4-t-butylphenyl)dinaphthopyrene moiety in the nanobelt, not in its precursor. This difference is attributed to the distinct arrangements of the pendent 4-t-butylphenyl groups, caused by the crowdedness and restricted rotation of the C-C single bonds in the nanobelt. Theoretical calculations suggest that the nanobelt does not exhibit global ring currents but has localized aromatic ring currents. Additionally, when an enantiopure form of the [7]helicene derivative was used, the nanobelt was obtained in an enantiopure form, showing an absorption dissymmetry factor of approximately 0.008.
Джерела фінансування повоєнного відновлення системи охорони здоров’я (загальні положення)
Authors: Юнгер Віталій Іванович
Published: December 2024

Складність фінансового забезпечення повоєнного відновлення пов’язана не лише з пошуком, акумулюванням та використання фінансових ресурсів, але й необхідністю трансформації всієї системи фінансування діяльності закладів охорони здоров’я, підготовки медичних та управлінських кадрів, надання усіх видів медичної допомоги. Визначено, що структура фінансового механізму повоєнного відновлення системи охорони здоров’я включаєфінансування повоєнного відновлення системи охорони здоров’я та розробку нового механізму фінансування системи охорони здоров’я. Визначено пріоритетні зовнішні джерела фінансування повоєнного відновлення системи охорони здоров’я: заарештовані кошти російських фінансових установ та активів осіб, причетних до повномасштабного вторгнення країни-агресора; допомога міжнародних фінансових організацій, що може здійснюватися різними інструментами; питання міжнародної підтримки України в її намірі повоєнного відновлення розширюється в контексті допомоги іноземних держав, зокрема США, Канади, країн Європейського Союзу та інших; залучення міжнародних транснаціональних корпорацій до фінансової та іншої допомоги з відновлення економіки України в цілому та системи охорони здоров’я, зокрема; залучення коштів бізнес-структур, тобто юридичних осіб резидентів України. Ідентифіковано інструменти залучення фінансових ресурсів, зокрема: створення Фонду розвитку України; створення благодійних організацій та організація благодійних акцій на міжнародному рівні для збору коштів; запровадження проєктів державно-приватного партнерства; проєктно-грантова діяльність з позиції окремих суб’єктів системи охорони здоров’я; приватизація, яку можливо здійснити через внесення відповідних змін до законодавства про приватизацію та регулювання системи охорони здоров’я. Визначено напрями відновлення системи охорони здоров’я, а саме: відновлення інфраструктури та відновлення медичних послуг на деокупованих територіях та територіях високого ризику небезпеки.
Dialectic between family farming and coffee growing in Boyacá, Colombia: productive, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects
Authors: Fernandes dos Santos Andressa , Avendaño Zambrano Jennifer Lorena , Paulino Flavia de Oliveira , Dias da Cruz Denise
Published: December 2024

El policultivo es una práctica de producción más sostenible y ofrece varios beneficios ambientales, económicos y sociales a la sociedad, como promover la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, aumentar la productividad y la rentabilidad o mejorar los medios de vida, entre otros. Sin embargo, existe una tendencia mundial de cambio en los sistemas de producción basados en policultivos hacia sistemas de monocultivos. En este escenario, el departamento de Boyacá (Colombia) se ha enfrentado a diversos cambios en la fabricación de alimentos, a medida que se impulsa la producción de café en la región. Con este estudio, se tiene como objetivo investigar los aspectos productivos, económicos, ambientales y sociales de los campesinos que desarrollan una agricultura familiar a partir de diversos cultivos alimentarios y de aquellos involucrados en la transición agrícola del policultivo a la caficultura en dos municipios de Boyacá. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas y fueron analizados con base en la metodología Mesmis. A nivel regional, las dimensiones social y ambiental eran parcialmente sostenibles, mientras que la dimensión económica era insostenible. El municipio de Guayatá invierte más en la producción de café. Se presentan factores referentes a tres dimensiones que pueden fortalecer prácticas sustentables y reducir prácticas con gran impacto negativo.
Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of ChatGPT Integration into Physical Sciences Teaching: A Case Study at a Rural South African University
Authors: Jere Samuel , Bessong Rebecca , Mpeta Mamotena , Litshani Ndanganeni Florence
Published: December 2024

The emergence of artificial intelligence, exemplified by generative chatbots such as ChatGPT, has elicited optimism among some educators regarding enhanced teaching and learning methods. Simultaneously, it has raised concerns among others, who perceive these chatbots as being disruptive to established pedagogical norms developed over centuries. This study investigated pre-service teachers’ perceptions regarding integrating ChatGPT into physical sciences teaching at a rural South African university. A case study research design utilizing a qualitative approach was adopted to collect, analyze, and interpret data. This methodology was employed to gain comprehensive insight into the viewpoints held by final year Bachelor of Education Honors physical sciences students serving as pre-service teachers. The study explored the benefits and potential challenges of incorporating emerging technologies such as ChatGPT into physical sciences teaching. The theoretical framework guiding the study was the technological, pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework. Eleven purposively sampled physical sciences pre-service teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings indicate that ChatGPT has the potential to contribute to the teaching of physical sciences in the areas of lesson planning, preparation, presentation, and formative assessment. However, the study revealed that ChatGPT is unable to answer certain questions in the physical sciences accurately and this was of great concern. These findings shed light on how artificial intelligence generative chatbots can be incorporated into physical sciences learning. The findings provide insights for policymakers, who can facilitate the use of these tools in lesson preparation; science educators, who should leverage the chatbots to enhance learner engagement; and researchers, to help them deepen their understanding of the role of emerging technologies in science education.
EFL Teachers' Job Burnout Its Associated Factors: Public Primary School of Jimma Zone in Focus
Authors: Mengistu Teshale , Seyoum Woldemariam Getachew , Alemu Adege
Published: December 2024

Because of environmental and personal factors, EFL teachers are often exposed to job burnout. However, the problem and factors that form causal associations seem ignored in the context of the study. This study, thus, aims to investigate EFL teachers' burnout and its associated factors among public primary schools in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. A mixed methods research design was used for the study. Cluster sampling and judgmental sampling techniques were employed to select 100 EFL teachers, and a questionnaire and an interview were utilized to collect data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The finding shows that the majority of EFL teachers underwent a high level of burnout, and all the hypothesized factors had a significant association with burnout and its dimensions. The major finding is that job burnout negatively affected EFL teachers' work engagement. Considering this finding, the provision of training on coping strategies is recommended. The pedagogical implication of the finding is to incorporate content on emotional intelligence and stress-coping mechanisms in EFL teaching methodology courses. Finally, further study is recommended to be undertaken on a large scale to understand the magnitude of expansion of the problem in the region and nationwide as the sample is small to generalize to these contexts.
A busca pela integração regional na dimensão educacional
Authors: Rueda Jurany Leite , Barreyro Gladys Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de integração na região latino-americana e caribenha na dimensão educacional, tendo como base duas experiências: o Setor Educacional do Mercosul (SEM), no âmbito sub-regional, e o Espaço Latino-americano e Caribenho de Educação Superior (ENLACES), no âmbito regional. Para a elaboração deste texto, que se fundamenta em um fragmento de uma investigação de doutorado, utilizaram-se o estudo bibliográfico e a análise documental, bem como se recorreu à abordagem do novo regionalismo, conforme proposto por Björn Hettne. Essas experiências são analisadas a partir de uma visão em que a integração regional da educação superior pode promover o desenvolvimento nas esferas social, política e econômica da região. Constatou-se que essas duas instâncias de integração regional apresentam diferenças em seus esforços para alcançar uma maior integração acadêmica.
Anaesthetic and surgical management of gastric perforation secondary to a diving incident: a case report
Authors:   Catholic University of Leuven (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium, Ben Ayad Ismaïl , Damman Chloe ,   Catholic University of Leuven (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium, vander Essen Lionel ,   Clinique Saint-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium, Majerus Bernard ,   Clinique Saint-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
Published: December 2024

Gastric perforation secondary to barotrauma is a rare surgical condition which may manifest as an acute abdomen and potentially lead to complications such as pneumoperitoneum. A 50-year-old, healthy, experienced diving instructor was transported to our emergency department for an acute abdomen and severe dyspnoea after a diving incident. Clinical suspicion combined with computed tomography scanning lead to the diagnosis of linear rupture of the stomach. Exsufflation of the abdominal cavity was performed in the emergency department and then the patient was sent to the operating room for emergency laparoscopic gastric repair. Post-operative management was focused on decompressing the stomach with a nasogastric tube and abdominal radiography with barium ingestion was performed to confirm the absence of leakage. The patient was discharged at postoperative day four. We found 16 similar cases in the published literature. Gastric perforation secondary to a diving accident is rare but requires rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment.
Diagnostic efficacy of tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy with electrophysiological examination validation
Authors: Fang Yanming , Li Sisi
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in identifying the responsible segments for neurological dysfunction in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods: The study encompassed nineteen patients in CSM group and ten healthy caregivers in control group. All participants underwent a comprehensive physical examination, MRI assessment, and DTI examination conducted by a senior chief physician. Intraoperative spinal cord electrophysiological examination was performed as the objective measure of spinal cord function during surgery for patients. MRI parameters including the aspect ratio, transverse ratio, T2 hyperintensities of the spinal cord and DTI metrics parameters such as axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy (FA) for both whole spinal cord column and dorsal column were collected. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the parameters. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.

Results: The AUC of DTI (Dorsal column) parameters was larger than the corresponding parameters of the DTI (Whole spinal cord). AD of DTI-Dorsal Column possessed the greatest efficacy (AUC=0.823, sensitivity=84.21%, specificity=77.32%) to determine the responsible segment, larger than AD of DTI-Whole spinal cord, aspect ratio and transverse ratio. Diagnostic efficacy of DTI and MRI parameters was influenced by cervical spine segment.

Conclusions: AD from the DTI-Dorsal Column exhibited the most significant potential in identifying responsible segments. The diagnostic effectiveness of both DTI and MRI parameters was notably influenced by the specific cervical spine segment.
A pilot study on preferences from surgeons to deal with an innovative customized and connected prosthesis – A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Le Stum Mathieu , Clavé Arnaud , Agbemanyole Koffi Adzinyo , Stindel Eric , Le Goff Pronost Myriam
Published: December 2024

To address the increasing global demand for Total Knee Arthroplasty and reduce the need for revisions, several technologies combining 3D planning and artificial intelligence have emerged. These innovations aim to enhance customization, improve component positioning accuracy and precision. The integration of these advancements paves the way for the development of personalized and connected knee implant.

These groundbreaking advancements may necessitate changes in surgical practices. Hence, it is important to comprehend surgeons' intentions in integrating these technologies into their routine procedures. Our study aims to assess how surgeons' preferences will affect the acceptability of using this new implant and associated technologies within the entire care chain.

We employed a Discrete Choice Experiment, a predictive technique mirroring real-world healthcare decisions, to assess surgeons' trade-off evaluations and preferences.

A total of 90 experienced surgeons, performing a significant number of procedures annually (mostly over 51) answered. Analysis indicates an affinity for technology but limited interest in integrating digital advancements like preoperative software and robotics. However, they are receptive to practice improvements and considering the adoption of future sensors.

In conclusion, surgeons prefer customized prostheses via augmented reality, accepting extra cost. Embedded sensor technology is deemed premature by them;
Macrozoobenthos community structure as a bioindicator of water quality in the Banjaran River, Banyumas
Authors: Wahyuningsih Eti , Rahayu Nur Laila , Zaenuri Musyarif
Published: December 2024

The Banjaran River is one of the rivers in the Banyumas Regency. This research aims to produce information related to macrozoobenthic community structure as a bioindicator of water quality in the Banjaran River and to produce information related to water quality in the Banjaran River for macrozoobenthic life. The research was conducted in September 2022 – February 2023 on the Banjaran River, Banyumas. This research uses a survey method, sampling was carried out 3 times in September-November 2022. The sampling method was purposive random sampling, namely the river was divided into 3 stations based on certain criteria. The results of this research obtained 15 species and were divided into 11 families, namely Perlidae, Psychomyiidae, Thiaridae, Lumbricidae, Naididae, Gecarcinucidae, Palaemonidae, Elmidae, Hydropsychidae, Atyidae, and Chironomidae in the Banjaran River. The highest abundance of individuals was at station two, namely 3156 individuals/m2. The dominant species is Melanoides tuberculata with an abundance of 1852 individuals/m2 at station two. The dominance index values at the three stations ranged from 0.1864 to 0.2886, which is relatively low. The water quality in the Banjaran River for macrozoobenthic life is still quite good based on the results of measuring environmental parameters which consist of physical parameters, namely water temperature and current speed.Keywords: Banjaran River, Macrozoobenthos Community, Water Quality Indicators
The appearance of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in Kwatisore Waters, Nabire District, Central Papua Province
Authors: Punusingon Olfie , Dananjaya Wayan Kantun , Rapi Nuraeni L.
Published: December 2024

The appearance of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) is related to the availability of food in certain waters and is a tourist attraction so integrated management is needed so that they do not become a threat to whale sharks. Whale sharks appear regularly and take place throughout the year with the largest number of individuals only occurring in Kwatisore waters. This study aims to examine the bioecology of whale sharks, which is related to appearance based on individuals, number and time of appearance and sex. Primary data collection was carried out from January to March 2023, using the census method on 4 charter fishing gear units anchored in Kwatisore waters. The results showed that 21 individuals of whale sharks appeared with a total of 225 appearances in January, 245 appearances in February and 248 appearances in March and there was one new individual who migrated into Kwatisore waters with ID number 184. Whale sharks appear mostly in the morning with a percentage of 100% with a total length ranging from 3 to 7.5 m.Keywords: Appearance; New Individuals; Whale Sharks
The effect of giving purslane plant extract (Portulaca oleracea) on commercial feed to increase the brightness of betta fish (Betta sp.)
Authors: Aina Nurul , Putrinigtias Andika , Komariyah Siti
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest exporters of fresh and marine ornamental fish. However, several obstacles are faced by betta fish farmers, namely, such as poor colour quality, and low growth. There are various ways to improve colour quality, namely by adding pigment through feed. One of them is by utilizing purslane (Portulaca oleracea). This study aimed to analyse the effect of purslane plant extract (Portulaca oleracea) in increasing the brightness of the colour of betta fish (Betta sp.). The research method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatments 3 three replications. The treatments to be carried out were: P0 (100 g pellets), P1 (25 ml/100 g pellets), P2 (50 ml/100 g pellets) and P3 (75 ml/100 g pellets). Parameters observed: colour intensity, Absolute Length Growth, Absolute Weight Growth, and Survival rate (SR). The results of the study were that purslane extract from commercial pellet feed had a significant effect on the colour intensity of betta fish with a P3 dose of 75 ml/100 g pellet. In absolute length growth, the addition of purslane extract to commercial feed had a significant effect (p0.05). For absolute weight growth and survival rate, no significant effect on betta fish.Keywords: Commercial Pellets; Purslane Extract; Siamese Fighting Fish
The effect of adding nilem fish meat flour (Osteochilus vittatus) on the organoleptic preference level of Kembang Goyang
Authors: Junianto Junianto , Humma Fatbella Alyatul , Hartarto Dwi , Fadillah Tiara Siti
Published: December 2024

Fish flour can be used for both substitution and partial fortification in raw materials such as wheat flour. The addition of nilem fish flour to kembang goyang can affect preference levels due to the resulting variations. This research aims to determine the appropriate level of adding nilem fish flour in making kembang goyang to obtain the most preferred product. This research is experimental research with data analysis using the Friedman test and Bayes test. The addition of nilem fish flour did not significantly affect the appearance and texture of kembang goyang in terms of organoleptic preference level. However, this affects the aroma and taste, where the higher the concentration of nilem fish flour added, the stronger the aroma and taste of kembang goyang.Keywords: Fortification; Kembang Goyang; Nilem Fish Meat Flour
The post-larval metabolism rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at different salinities
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Malik Abdul , Haris Abdul , Anwar Asni , Ayuzar Eva
Published: December 2024

The development of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation still faces many problems. One of them is the availability of seeds whose growth is slow and variable, as well as high mortality after being stocked in ponds. This study aimed to examine the post-larval metabolic rate of tiger prawns in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at different salinities. The research was carried out November - December 2023 in the Takalar Intensive Pond Unit, after which vannamei shrimp larvae with a density of 100 individuals/l were reared for acclimation for two weeks in tanks containing media water with a salinity of 10, 20 and 30 ppt. At the end of the acclimation period for the test shrimp, a respirometer was prepared to measure oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. The results of the research showed that the average value of oxygen consumption after vannamei shrimp larvae occurred at a salinity of 10 ppt, then followed respectively at a salinity of 30 and 20 ppt. The results of the analysis of variance showed that salinity had a very significant effect (P0.01) on oxygen consumption after vannamei shrimp larvae, but in the LSD follow-up test it appeared that only the 10 ppt treatment was very significantly different (P0.01) and the same results occurred. on ammonia excretion, although the test of variance (LSD) had no significant effect. The survival rate and post-larval growth of vanamei shrimp reached the highest average value at a salinity of 20 ppt with very significantly different variance results. Based on the measurement results above, the optimum metabolic rate after vannamei shrimp larvae occurs at a salinity of 20 ppt (isotonic conditions occur between the shrimp's body fluids and the medium).Keywords: Ammonia Excretion; Metabolism Rate, Oxygen Consumption; Vanname Shrimp
The effect of fermented raintree (Samanea saman) seed meal with yoghurt in feed on protein efficiency ratio and growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in controlled containers
Authors: Anwar Asni , Nurhadi A. R. , Murni Murni , Malik Abdul , Soadiq Syawaluddin , Berliana Walda Dewi , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Ayuzar Eva
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of adding fermented raintree (Samanea saman) seed meal to the feed on the protein efficiency ratio and growth rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) at a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan's test. Treatment A: non-fermented raintree seed meal (control), Treatment B: raintree seed flour fermented with 4 mL/100g of yoghurt, Treatment C: raintree seed meal fermented with 6 mL/kg of yoghurt, Treatment D: raintree seed meal fermented with 8 mL/kg of yoghurt, and Treatment E: raintree seed meal fermented with 10 mL/kg of yoghurt. The main parameters observed were protein efficiency ratio and daily growth rate in length and weight. The study results indicated that the addition of fermented raintree seed meal in the feed showed a better protein efficiency ratio and daily growth rate in length and weight compared to the treatment without the addition of fermented raintree seed flour in the feed. The best protein efficiency ratio and daily growth rate in length and weight were obtained with the addition of 4 mL/kg of fermented raintree seed meal in the feed of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus).Keywords: Fermentation; Oreochromis niloticus; Protein efficienci ratio; Samanea saman; Yoghurt