bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Longevity of Pratylenchus penetrans in the Red Raspberry Production System
Authors: Kroese Duncan R. , Weiland Jerry E. , Zasada Inga A.
Published: July 2017

One of the major constraints on the production of red raspberries in the Pacific Northwest is the presence of the rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Current management of this nematode relies heavily on preplant soil fumigation; however, regulations have made the practice more difficult and expensive. Additional issues with soil fumigation include lack of efficacy at deeper soil depths and potential inability to penetrate raspberry root material that remains in the field during fumigation which may harbor P. penetrans. To address these issues, two field experiments were conducted in northwestern Washington. In the first experiment, the residency time of P. penetrans in root material from the previous raspberry crop, which was terminated with or without the use of herbicides, was monitored over time. Pratylenchus penetrans was found in root material from 6 to 8 mon after the crop was terminated, and herbicide application did not reduce P. penetrans residency time compared to untreated root material. In a second experiment, the vertical distribution of P. penetrans at three different times during the field establishment process (pre- and postfumigation, and at planting) was determined at two locations. Both locations had detectable prefumigation P. penetrans populations at all depths. However, postfumigation populations showed a different distribution pattern between locations. The location with coarser soil had populations located mainly at shallower depths with a maximum of 44 P. penetrans/100 g soil at 16 to 30 cm deep, whereas the location with finer soil had populations located mainly at deeper depths with a maximum of 8 P. penetrans/100 g soil at 76 to 90 cm deep. At planting, distribution tended to equilibrate among depths at both locations, but the overall population pattern across depth at each location was similar to that observed at postfumigation. Understanding more about the residency time and distribution of this nematode may provide growers with information that can be used to more effectively target P. penetrans.
Are Entomopathogenic Nematodes Effective Biological Control Agents Against the Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae?
Authors: Memari Zahra , Karimi Javad , Kamali Shokoofeh , Goldansaz Seyed Hossein , Hosseini Mojtaba
Published: July 2017

The carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) is the key pest of pomegranate, which causes a significant percentage of losses in pomegranate orchards and warehouses of Iran annually. The pest larvae are characterized by displaying a cryptic behavior within the fruit, which avoids most routine control techniques, especially chemical method. The low efficiency of traditional measurements and also the rich species diversity of natural enemies within the infested fruits highlight the necessity of exploring effective control methods, especially environmental friendly approaches. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a group of biological control agents that actively search for the host, including those in a cryptic habitat like the carob moth larvae within infested fruits. Here, we assumed that treatment of the infested and dropped fruits with EPNs may provide new insight into the management of the carob moth. Three species of EPNs, Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were selected and used in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In preliminary assays, the EPNs species were used with different concentrations of infective juveniles (IJs) (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 IJ/larvae) in 2-cm diam. plates. The mortality rates of the laboratory tests were 79.75% and 76.5% for S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae, corresponded to LC50 value of 2.02 IJ/larva for S. feltiae and 2.05 IJ/larva for S. carpocapsae. On the contrary, H. bacteriophora demonstrated low virulence on the pest larvae in petri tests with a LC50 = 426.92 IJ/larva. Hence, both Steinernema species were selected for subsequent experiments. The penetration rate for S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae into the hemocoel of the pest was 43% and 31%, respectively, and the corresponding reproduction rate was 15,452 IJ/larva for S. feltiae and 18,456 IJ/larva for S. carpocapsae. The gathered data from those in vitro tests were used for a field assay. Different concentrations (5, 10, 50, 100, and 160 IJ/cm2 of the arena) of S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae were applied in the field test. The mean mortality results from the last test were 10.89% and 26.65% for S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae, respectively. Finally, we found that these low virulence rates of the nematodes were attributed to inhibitory/repellency effects of saprophytic fungi within the infested pomegranates, a usual status of the infested fruits in autumn or winter seasons. Future work on additional EPN populations more adapted to the extreme conditions of the pomegranate production area in Iran may provide sufficient evidence to continue the further investigation on the best EPN species populations and advanced formulations with high durability.
Management of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on Pittosporum tobira Under Greenhouse, Field, and On-farm Conditions in Florida
Authors: Baidoo Richard , Mengistu Tesfamariam , Mcsorley Robert , Stamps Robert H. , Brito Janete , Crow William T.
Published: July 2017

Root-knot nematodes are important pests of cut foliage crops in Florida. Currently, effective nematicides for control of these nematodes on cut foliage crops are lacking. Hence, research was conducted at the University of Florida to identify pesticides or biopesticides that could be used to manage these nematodes. The research comprised on-farm, field, and greenhouse trials. Nematicide treatments evaluated include commercial formulations of spirotetramat, furfural, and Purpureocillium lilacinum (=Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251. Treatment applications were made during the spring and fall seasons according to manufacturer’s specifications. Efficacy was evaluated based on J2/100 cm3 of soil, J2/g of root, and crop yield (kg/plot). Unlike spirotetramat, which did not demonstrate any measurable effects on Meloidogyne incognita J2 in the soil, furfural and P. lilacinum were marginally effective in reducing the population density of M. incognita on Pittosporum tobira. However, nematode reduction did not affect yield significantly. Although furfural and P. lilacinum have some potential for management of M. incognita on cut foliage crops, their use as a lone management option would likely not provide the needed level of control. Early treatment application following infestation provided greater J2 suppression compared to late application, suggesting the need for growers to avoid infested fields.
Sampling Error in Relation to Cyst Nematode Population Density Estimation in Small Field Plots
Authors: Zˇupunski Vesna , Jevtic’ Radivoje , Jokic’ Vesna Spasic’ , Zˇupunski Ljubica , Lalosˇevic’ Mirjana , C’iric’ Mihajlo , Urcic Zˇivko C’
Published: July 2017

Cyst nematodes are serious plant-parasitic pests which could cause severe yield losses and extensive damage. Since there is still very little information about error of population density estimation in small field plots, this study contributes to the broad issue of population density assessment. It was shown that there was no significant difference between cyst counts of five or seven bulk samples taken per each 1-m2 plot, if average cyst count per examined plot exceeds 75 cysts per 100 g of soil. Goodness of fit of data to probability distribution tested with x2 test confirmed a negative binomial distribution of cyst counts for 21 out of 23 plots. The recommended measure of sampling precision of 17% expressed through coefficient of variation (cv) was achieved if the plots of 1 m2 contaminated with more than 90 cysts per 100 g of soil were sampled with 10-core bulk samples taken in five repetitions. If plots were contaminated with less than 75 cysts per 100 g of soil, 10-core bulk samples taken in seven repetitions gave cv higher than 23%. This study indicates that more attention should be paid on estimation of sampling error in experimental field plots to ensure more reliable estimation of population density of cyst nematodes.
Forecasting monthly energy production of small hydropower plants in ungauged basins using grey model and improved seasonal index
Authors: Cheng Chun-Tian , Miao Shu-Min , Luo Bin , Sun Yong-Jun
Published: July 2017

A first-order one-variable grey model (GM(1,1)) is combined with improved seasonal index (ISI) to forecast monthly energy production for small hydropower plants (SHPs) in an ungauged basin, in which the ISI is used to weaken the seasonality of input data for the GM(1,1) model. The ISI is calculated by a hybrid model combining K-means clustering technique and ratio-to-moving-average method, which can adapt to different inflow scenarios. Based on the similar hydrological and meteorological conditions of large hydropower plants (LHPs) and SHPs in the same basin, a reference LHP is identified and its local inflow data, instead of the limited available data of SHPs, is used to calculate the ISI. Case study results for the Yangbi and Yingjiang counties in Yunnan Province, China are evaluated against observed data. Compared with the original GM(1,1) model, the GM(1,1) model combined with traditional seasonal index (TSI-GM(1,1)), and the linear regression model, the proposed ISI-GM(1,1) model gives the best performance, suggesting that it is a feasible way to forecast monthly energy production for SHPs in data-sparse areas.
Research on a soft measurement model of sewage treatment based on a case-based reasoning approach
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Du Cuicui , Feng Xugang
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a wastewater treatment process is analyzed and an intelligent integrated prediction method based on case-based reasoning (CBR) is proposed in order to overcome difficulties. Due to the fact that there are many factors that influence the accuracy of the prediction model, the radial basis function, which is a neural network with a 3 layer feedforward network, is employed to reduce the dimension of input values. Under these circumstances, a back propagation neural network combining with a nearest neighbor retrieval strategy is adopted to match case. Then, the measurement of BOD in wastewater treatment process is analyzed. Finally, the validity of the improved CBR in sewage treatment is demonstrated by using numerical results.
Optimization of sulfate removal from wastewater using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes by response surface methodology
Authors: Alimohammadi Vahid , Sedighi Mehdi , Jabbari Ehsan
Published: July 2017

This paper reports a facile method for removal of sulfate from wastewater by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and MMWCNTs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results of the analysis indicated that MMWCNTs were synthesized successfully. The MMWCNTs can be easily manipulated in a magnetic field for the desired separation, leading to the removal of sulfate from wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design was applied to evaluate the effects of D/C (adsorbent dosage per initial concentration of pollutant (mgadsorbent/(mg/l)initial)) and pH on sulfate removal (%). Using RSM methodology, a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained, for removal of sulfate, by multiple regression analysis. The optimum combination for maximum sulfate removal of 93.28% was pH = 5.96 and D/C = 24.35. The experimental data were evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The adsorption capacity of sulfate in the studied concentration range was 56.94 (mg/g). It was found out that the MMWCNTs could be considered as a promising adsorbent for the removal of sulfate from wastewater.
Dynamics of the Gas Hydrates Decomposition in a Porous Medium Taking Into Account the Formation of Ice
Authors: Musakaev Nail G. , Borodin Stanislav L. , Khasanov Marat K.
Published: July 2017

Natural gas is one of the main energy carriers, for example, in 2014 it accounted for about 22% of the world’s electricity production. The main component of natural gas is methane (77-99%). The largest reserves of methane are concentrated in gas hydrates; according to different sources, their total volume twice exceeds the magnitude of the traditional recoverable reserves of methane. Thus, given the increasing demand and the largest amount compared with other fossil fuels, methane, extracted from gas hydrates, is the most promising source of energy. And for the effective extraction of methane from gas hydrate deposits, theoretical studies are needed.

In this paper we consider the problem of gas hydrate decomposition to gas and ice during the gas extraction from the hydrate-containing deposit initially saturated with methane and its hydrate. To solve this problem, we constructed the mathematical model of non-isothermal filtration of an imperfect gas with account of the formation or decomposition of this gas’ hydrate. On the basis of this model, the numerical study of the influence of gas mass flow rate on the dynamics of decomposition of the hydrate was made. It shows that in the case of negative initial temperatures of the reservoir, the dissociation of the gas hydrate will always occur to gas and ice. In this case, regimes of dissociation of the hydrate with a frontal surface or a volume region of phase transitions are possible. It is established that an increase in the mass flow rate of gas extraction first leads to the decomposition of the hydrate on a frontal surface, and then in a volume zone. A further increase in the gas mass flow rate leads to an increase in the length of the volume zone and an increase in the amount of the hydrate decomposed therein.
Tiestos y piedras talladas de Caspana: La producción alfarera y lítica en el Período Tardío del Loa Superior
Authors: Uribe Rodríguez Mauricio Iván , Carrasco González Carlos Alfonso
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis tipológico, tecnológico y funcional de la producción cerámica y lítica de los sitios tardíos de Caspana. A partir de ellos se propone un impacto diferencial del Tawantinsuyu, sutil y fuerte al mismo tiempo, evidenciado principalmente a través de la dinámica funcional de la población local, la cual habría sido utilizada e incluso simbólicamente manipulada por el Inca.AbstractThis paper presents the results of the typological, technological and functional analysis of the ceramic and lithic production of sites of the Late Period of Caspana. In this way, we propose a differential impact of the Tawantinsuyu —subtle but strong at the same time—, that it would be reflected principally in the funtional dynamics of the local population, and used and manipulated in symbolic terms by the Inca.
El término Ylla y su potencial simbólico en el Tawantinsuyu. Una reflexión acerca de la presencia inca en Caspana (río Loa, desierto de Atacama)
Authors: Manríquez Soto Viviana Patricia
Published: July 2017

A partir de una variada evidencia material del Tawantinsuyu obtenida de un estudio arqueológico realizado en la localidad de Caspana, se inició desde la etnohistoria un análisis del potencial simbólico de ese registro material con el objetivo de enriquecer las lecturas acerca de la presencia inca en la zona de estudio. Se establecen posibles asociaciones entre términos, materialidades y categorías de pensamiento andino que estuviesen presentes en esas expresiones o palabras, así como también para integrar metodologías arqueológicas y etnohistóricas, intentando establecer un diálogo entre diversos tipos de “documentos-monumentos”.AbstractBegining with the diverse material evidence of the Tawantinsuyu obtained on an archeological study c a rried out in the locality of Caspana, an ethnohistoric analisys of the symbolic potential of this material records was started, with the objective of enreaching the “writings” about the presence of incas in the area of study and stablishing posible associations between terms, remains and categories of andean thinking present in those expressions or words, as well as to integrate archeologic and ethnohistoric methodologies, trying to stablish a “dialog” between different types of “documents-monuments”.
Aymaras entre Bolivia, Perú y Chile
Authors: Albó C. Xavier
Published: July 2017

Se repasa la historia del pueblo aymara, enfatizando lo común y lo diferente de acuerdo a sus experiencias en alguno de los tres estados republicanos. Al final se subrayan aquellos aspectos en que más se fortalece la identidad común de la nación aymara a un lado u otro de estas fronteras estatales.AbstractThis paper goes through the history of the Aymara people, emphasizing the commonalties and differences according to its experiences in some of the three republican countries. At the end, those aspects which strengthen the common identity of the Aymara nation at either side of these State borders are underlined.
Entre palos y piedras: La reformulación de la etnicidad en Rapanui (Isla de Pascua 1966)
Authors: Grifferos A. Alejandra M.
Published: July 2017

Los recientes estudios antropológicos sobre la cultura Rapanui no consideran las relaciones interétnicas como objeto de investigación. Durante las últimas centurias una serie de acontecimientos sociales han configurado la llamada etnicidad rapanui. Uno de esos eventos ocurrido en la Isla de Pascua en diciembre de 1966, adquirió el carácter de conflicto por el grado de interés que generó, tanto en la prensa como al interior de la comunidad. La tradicional llegada del Gobernador a la Isla caracterizada con la entrega de flores, bailes típicos y una gran camaradería, fue reemplazada por insultos, piedras y atropellos. La fuerza pública intervino y mujeres rapanui fueron apaleadas por carabineros. El análisis de este conflicto guarda relación con las estrategias, tácticas, intereses y posiciones de los diversos actores involucrados de manera de visualizar los elementos que legitiman la etnicidad rapanui. La metodología utilizada consiste en un análisis de un expediente judicial, el que junto a testimonios entregados por los isleños, nos podría ayudar a constatar futuros conflictos.AbstractRecent anthropological studies of rapanui cultura have not considered in depth the subject of interethnic relations. During the lasts centuries, a series of events occurred that form part of the social framework that shapes the so-called “Rapanui ethnicity” . Such is the case of an event that occurred on the Island in december 1966 which had the character of “conflict” due to the level of interest that it generated in the mainland press, and also in the community itself. The traditional arrival of the Island Govemor, usually characterized by receivinga flower lei, with authentic music in the background and great camaraderie, was replaced by insults to the Govemor and the throwing of stones. The pólice intervened, and some island women were beaten with pólice batons. An analysis of the conflict will be approached from the point o f view of the strategies, tactics, interests and positions of those involved in a manner that will permit us to detect the elements that have legitimized rapanui ethnicity. The methodology consists of an analysis of the judicial expedients carried out in a manner that contrasts with the collected testimonies of the islanders, with the expectation of anticipating future conflicts on the Island.
Canibalismo y sacrificio en las dulces tierras del azúcar
Authors: Isla P. Alejandro
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza la importancia de los mitos asociados al canibalismo dentro de la cultura popular del Noroeste argentino, en especial del mito del Perro Familiar en los trabajadores vinculados a los ingenios azucareros. Se muestra la relevancia de distintas interpretaciones de los mitos, que representan diversas apropiaciones simbólicas de las relaciones sociales de poder que constituyeron la base de la explotación azucarera. Por ende, se trata de una coproducción del mito en la que participan tanto los sectores hegemónicos como los subalternos.AbstractThe article analyzes the importance of the myths related to cannibalism within the folk culture of Argentina’s Northwest, particulary the Family Dog myth among the workers of sugar cañe works. The relevance of different interpretations of myth is shown, wich rep re sen t various symbolic appropiations of power social relationships, wich constituted the basis of sugar explotation. Therefore, it is a co-production of the myth, in wich both the hegemonic and subject sectors are in volved.
Notas sobre la legislación y el debate internacional en torno a los derechos territoriales indígenas
Authors: Zúñiga N. Gerardo
Published: July 2017

El contexto para entender las realidades indígenas hoy es planetario. Las Naciones Unidas se hace cargo de este tema porque concierne, en efecto, al planeta, o por lo menos al conjunto de Estados que se hacen representar en la ONU. Lo anterior no sólo quiere decir que las luchas territoriales indígenas estén ocurriendo en los diferentes países, sino que además dichas luchas han ido adquiriendo un carácter transnacional y también, por tanto, el debate y la producción de normas para regular los conflictos que les subyacen. El artículo reconstruye y analiza uno de los elementos fundamentales de este proceso, gracias al cual ha ido surgiendo a nivel internacional una doctrina acerca de los derechos territoriales indígenas: el debate llevado a cabo en el seno de las Naciones Unidas. Asimismo, se revisan las disposiciones atingentes al tema contenidas en el Convenio 169 de la OIT, y en la Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblo Indígenas del Mundo.ABSTRACTThe context to understand the indigenous reality today is planetary. The United Nations are taken charge of this topic because it concems to the planet indeed, or at least to the group of countries represented in the UNO. The previous doesn’t only mean that the native territorial fights are happening in the different countries, but also that these fights are acquiring a transnational character and therefore the debate and production of norms to regularize such conflicts are acquiring that character too. The article reconstructs and analyzes one of the fundamental elements of this process thanks to which a doctrine of international level concerning the indigenous territorial rights has been appearing: the debate carried out in the center of the United Nations. Also, the related dispositions to the theme are revised in the Agreement 169 of the ILO, and in the Declaration of United Nations on the Rights of the Indigenous People of the World.
DUKUNGAN ORGANISASIONAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PENGARUH ANTARA KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Jadmiko Purbo
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama, menguji pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja. Kedua, menguji pemoderasi dukungan organisasional persepsian pengaruh kecerdasan emosional pada kinerja. Subyek penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja di instansi rumah sakit di Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, didistribusikan ke  200 karyawan yang bekerja di instansi rumah sakit. Sebanyak 157 kuesioner berhasil diolah dan dianalisis  menggunakan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif pada kinerja karyawan, sedangkan dukungan organisasional persepsian tidak terbukti memoderasi pengaruh positif kecerdasan emosional pada kinerja karyawan.

 

Kata Kunci: kecerdasan emosional; dukungan organisasional persepsian; kinerja
Identifikasi Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa
Authors: Suroto Bambang , Rizal Nofrizal , Rahman Fatkhur
Published: July 2017

Penelitian dengan judul identifikasi jiwa kewirausahaan mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Lancang Kuning memiliki tujuan jangka panjang adalah sebagai dasar penelitian berkaitan dengan program pengembangan jiwa kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang menjadi basis unggulan lulusan yang diharapkan dapat menopang perekonomian nasional dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dan menggerakkan sector riil. Sedangkan yang menjadi target jangka pendeknya adalah mahasiswa sebagai sasaran pelayanan Fakultas Ekonomi diharapkan mendapatkan gambaran keberhasilan secara dini akan program yang dibuat selama ini.         Jiwa kewirausahaan merupakan semangat, sikap, perilaku dan kemampuan seseorang dalam menangani usaha atau kegiatan yang mengarah pada upaya mencari, menciptakan serta menerapkan cara kerja, teknologi dan produk baru dengan meningkatkan efisiensi dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik dan atau memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih besar. Sampai sejauhmana keberhasilan Fakultas Ekonomi melaksanakan program kewirausahaannya ini akan diteliti dengan membandingkan jiwa kewirausahaan mahasiswa semester awal dalam hal ini adalah semester II dan dibandingkan dengan jiwa kewirausahaan semester VIII, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan sampel diambil secara proporsional random sampling dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan yang signifikan jiwa kewirausahaan dan berarti hipotesis penelitian diterima dan ini membuktikan bahwa melalui pembelajaran yang diberikan di kampus memberikan perubahan dalam kewirausahaan mahasiswa.
ANALISA PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL KABUPATEN KERINCI TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Siswadhi Ferry
Published: July 2017

ABSTRAK- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh antara kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja karyawan Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Kerinci terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik non probability sampling. Sedangkan jenis non probability sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling. Dalam penelitian ini jumlah sampel adalah sebanyak 35 orang. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan koefisien determinasi. Metode pengambilan data adalah dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan persamaan regresi  Y =  7,696  + 0,660 X1 + 0,080 X2. Nilai t tabel  adalah 2,032 untuk penelitian ini (α = 5%). Variabel kualitas pelayanan memiliki nilai t hitung 4,998, dan variabel kinerja karyawan memiliki nilai t hitung 0,625, yang berarti faktor kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh  signifikan  dan  memiliki  arah  hubungan  positif sedangkan kinerja karyawanberpengaruh  tidak signifikan.  Selain  itu,  uji  F  menunjukkan  nilai  Fhitung15,302  sedangkan  nilai  Ftabel   4,139,  yang  berarti  secara  bersama-sama/simultan  variabel kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja karyawan Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Kerinci berpengaruh  signifikan  terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. 

 

Kata kunci :Kualitas Pelayanan, Kinerja karyawan dan Kepuasan Masyarakat
Constantes lógicas y la armonía de las reglas de inferencia
Authors: Rubin Mariela
Published: July 2017

A lo largo de la literatura la pregunta por qué es una constante lógica ha recibido distintas respuestas desde los acercamientos de la teoría de modelos (Tarski; 1966), (Sher; 1991), (Gómez Torrente; 2003), (Bonnay; 2007) hasta las respuestas que centran el significado en las reglas de uso (Dummett; 1991), (Prawitz; 1965). Frente a la segunda corriente filosófica se han presentado algunos inconvenientes ineludibles, en particular la constante ‘tonk’ (Prior; 1960 ) frente a la que los defensores del inferencialismo en lógica han presentado varias soluciones, en particular la armonía. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que los distintos criterios de ‘armonía’ que se utilizan en semántica de la prueba para establecer qué es una constante lógica no cumplen con su objetivo ya que no son necesario o suficientes. Presentaré las razones filosóficas por las que surge el concepto de ‘armonía’ y luego describiré las distintas formas en las que la literatura suele entender el concepto de ‘armonía’. Luego mostraré que o bien sobregeneran o bien subgeneran conectivas en base a una serie de contraejemplos. Finalmente, desarrollaré algunas razones filosóficas que deberían delimitar por dónde continuar la búsqueda de una definición satisfactoria del concepto de ‘armonía’.
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING INQUIRY TRAINING MODEL ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES ON MEASUREMENT MATERIALS
Authors: Hutabarat Felisa Irawani , Juliani Rita
Published: July 2017

This research aims to know the effect of learning model of inquiry learning results students training material measurement. This type of research is quasi experiment. Sampling done by cluster random sampling by taking 2 classes from grade 9 i.e. class X SCIENCE experiments as a class-B that add up to 35 people and class X SCIENCE-C as control classes that add up to 35 people. The instruments used to find out the results of student learning is the learning outcomes tests have been validated in multiple choice form numbered 15 reserved and activity sheets students. The results of the value obtained 37.71 pretes and postest 70.11. The t-test analysis retrieved thitung greater than ttabel so that it can be concluded no difference due to the influence of the learning model of inquiry learning results students training material measurement.
THE EFFECT OF MODEL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY TOWARD SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS VIEWED FROM SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION
Authors: Putri Meutia Kemala
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research is to determine: the result of students’ science process skill with using scientific inquiry learning model better than conventional learning, science process skill of students who have high average scientific argumentation better than students who have low average scientific argumentation, the interaction between scientific inquiry learning model and scientific argumentation of physics students' science process skill. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The sampling choosed by cluster random sampling. This research instrument used tests of scientific argumentation and science process skills test. The results of this research concluded that: the science process skill of students using scientific inquiry learning model better than conventional learning, science process skill of students who have high average scientific argumentation better than students who have the low average scientific argumentation, and there was interaction between the scientific inquiry learning model and conventional learning with scientific argumentation to improve physics students' science process skill.
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL GROUP INVESTIGATION TOWARD LEARNING OUTCOMES PHYSICS VIEWED FROM LOGICAL THINKING ABILITY
Authors: Sari Emilia
Published: July 2017

The purpose of research to determine: the results of physics learning with cooperative learning model type group investigation and conventional learning, learning outcomes physics that has the ability to think logically above average and the ability to think logically below the average as well as the interaction model of cooperative learning type group investigation and the ability to think logically in influencing the outcomes of learning physics. This research is quasi experimental. Technique that used to gain a sample is random cluster sampling. The instrument used is the science process skills test and test critical thinking skills.The results showed that: the learning outcomes of physics with cooperative learning model type group investigation better than conventional learning, learning outcomes physics that has the ability to think logically above average better than students who have the ability to think logically is below average and there is no interaction among cooperative learning model type group investigation and logical thinking skills in influencing the outcomes of learning physics.
THE EFFECT OF MODEL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY USING MEDIA PhET TOWARD SKILLS PROCESS OF SCIENCE VIEWED FROM CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Safarati Nanda
Published: July 2017

The purpose of research to analyse: the science process skills that are taught in a model of scientific inquiry using the media PhET better than students taught by learning direct instruction, science process skills of physics students who has the critical thinking skills using a model of scientific inquiry than average -rata better than students who have critical thinking skills using a direct model of instruction above average, the interaction of scientific inquiry learning model using PhET media with critical thinking skills of students in improving students' science process skills. This research is quasi experimental. Technique that used to gain a sample is random cluster sampling. The instrument used is the science process skills test and test critical thinking skills. The results of this study concluded that: the science process skills of students who are taught by the model of scientific inquiry using the media PhET better than students taught by learning direct instruction, science process skills of physics students who have the critical thinking skills using a model of scientific inquiry over average better than students who have critical thinking skills using a direct model of instruction above average, there is interaction scientific inquiry model using the media PhET with critical thinking skills of students in improving students' science process skills.
THE EFFECT MODEL INQUIRY TRAINING MEDIA AND LOGICAL THINKING ABILITY TO STUDENT’S SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL
Authors: Pohan Dahrim
Published: July 2017

The aim of the research is to analyz : student’s science process skill using inquiry training learning model is better than konvesional learning.Student’s science process skill who have logical thinking ability above average are better than under average,and the interaction between inquiry training media and logical thinking ability to increase student’s science process skill.The experiment was conducted in SMP 6 Medan as population and class VII-K and VII-J were chosen as sample through cluster random sampling.Science prosess skill used essay test and logical thinking used multiple choice as instrument.Result of the data was analyzed by using two ways ANAVA.Result show that : student’s science process skill using inquiry training learning model is better than konvesional learning,student’s science process skill who logical thinking ability above average are better than under average and the interaction between inquiry training learning model media and logical thinking ability to increase student’s science process skill.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POE (PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN) MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING ON NEWTON’S LAW
Authors: Rosdianto Haris , Murdani Eka , . Hendra
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the improvement of student’s concept understanding on Newton's Law with the implementation of POE learning model. This research type is quantitative and using pre-experiment method with one group pre-test post-test design. In this study, the measurements in the form of pre-test to the subject and then treated with the POE learning model and within a certain time post-test is given. The population in this research is all students of class VIII in SMP 5 Singkawang city. The sample of the research is the students of class VIII E which amounted to 20 people and the sampling technique using purposive sampling. The result of data analysis using N-gain equation shows improvement of student’s concept understanding by 0,64 with medium category.
Bankruptcy in Slovakia: international comparison of the creditor´s position
Authors: Kliestikova Jana , Misankova Maria , Kliestik Tomas
Published: July 2017

Research background: Bankruptcy shouldn´t be considered only as negative phenomena although its impact is for companies in most cases more than devastating. This change of point of view is invoked by the needs of contemporary socio-economic evolution. If society wants to reach sustainable development, the bankruptcy should be perceived as an immanent part of normal cyclical economic development. Moreover, if the view of bankruptcy is changed in a positive way, it can be a stimulus for innovations, investment and global welfare. But it is not possible without an  increase in the effectiveness of national and international bankruptcy law.Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to analyse the position of a creditor in the case of a debtor´s bankruptcy on the basis of comparative law in the Slovak Republic de lege ferenda. It is because we assume that continuous attention should be given to the issue of the creditor?s position with regard to a debtor´s bankruptcy to achieve sustainable economic development.Methods: The potential consideration de lege ferenda should be based not only on performed legal analysis, but also on performed economic analysis. So, selected countries have been evaluated according to specific economic and legal indicators. We used the interdisciplinary approach based on selection analysis and legal comparative analysis applied to international comparison of the status of creditor and the effectiveness of bankruptcy law from his point of view.Findings & Value added: The applied approach has led us to the detection of the most important insolvency laws, specifically the insolvency laws of the United States and Austria. These legislations were further applied in the context of consideration de lege ferenda over the position of a creditor in the case of a debtor´s bankruptcy in the Slovak Republic.
Determination of spore longevity and viability of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae according to storage conditions
Authors: Özgör Erkay , Keskin Nevin
Published: July 2017

Honey bee colonies are often infected with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae which cause adult honey bee disease called nosemosis. All honey bee colony members can be infected with these species. In addition, it is claimed to be the main cause of honey bee winter losses in many countries. Nosema spores are expected to resistant the environmental conditions and their infectivity continues for a long time because of long-term durability of fungal spores. In this study, the viability of Nosema spores were investigated in terms of storage situations under laboratory conditions. Honey bee samples that were collected from apiaries in 2011 were investigated to detect the presence of Nosema species with real-time PCR amplification studies. After determination of Nosema species, each sample was divided in two groups. One of these groups was used to find Nosema spore concentration. Nosema solutions were divided and stored at both -20°C and +4°C. The spore concentration was measured every year in the period 2011-2015. Other group of honey bee samples was also stored at -20°C and every year was used for Nosema spore counting. Furthermore, it was examined the infectivity of Nosema spores with sugar solutions which obtained each sample using cage experiment techniques. According to results, when we compare the solutions annually, there is no change at Nosema spore concentration of the solution in -20°C and honeybee samples in -20°C. But reduction was seen at Nosema spore concentration of the solution in +4°C. Nosema spore infectivity tests revealed that infectivity of Nosema spores has not changed significantly between 2011 and 2015. This is the first time mixed Nosema spores found more infective than one-type spore after prolonged exposure to different conditions.
Influence of magnesium gluconate salt addition on mixing, pasting and fermentation properties of dough
Authors: Codină Georgiana Gabriela , Zaharia Dumitru , Ropciuc Sorina , Dabija Adriana
Published: July 2017

The effect of magnesium ions from gluconate salt at the level of 100, 150 and 200 mg/100g addition on empirical dough rheological properties from the 550 wheat flour type was studied. Dough rheological properties during mixing (dough development time, dough stability, degree of softening), α amylase activity and gelatinization temperature were analyzed by using a Falling Number and Amylograph. During fermentation were analyzed the maximum height of gaseous production, total CO2volume production, volume of the gas retained in the dough at the end of the test and the retention coefficient by using a Rheofermentograph device. By magnesium gluconate (Mg) salt addittion dough become more strength by an increase of stability and a decrease of the degree of softening. With Mg addittion wheat flour dough volumes were affected. Compared to the control sample, the dough volume decreased with the increased level of Mg. From the point of view of the α amylase activity, it decreases with the increase level of Mg whereas the gelatinization temperature increases.
Aroma compounds of non-alcoholic fermented beverage: Gilaburu juice
Authors: Sönmezdağ Ahmet Salih , Sevindik Onur , Kelebek Haşim , Selli Serkan
Published: July 2017

The present research was planned to characterize the aroma composition of Viburnum opulus L. which is one important members of the Caprifoliaceae family. Volatile components of Viburnum opulus L. were extracted by use of the purge and trap technique with dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction method gave highly representative aromatic extract of the studied sample. A total of 47 aroma compounds were found including acids, alcohols, ketones, volatile phenols, aldehydes, furans, lactones, an ester a terpene and a pyranone. Among all aroma compounds, isovaleric acid was found as the most abundant aroma compound in the fermented GR juice, having a 30% of total aroma concentration. Butanoic acid, 4-methyl catechol and propanoic acid were other aroma compounds found in higher concentrations (18%, 11% and 6% respectively).
A potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis for stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol myristate isolated from Capparis ovata
Authors: Acar Ozden Ozgun , Gazioglu Isil , Kolak Ufuk , Sen Alaattin , Topcu Gulacti
Published: July 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the human central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders around the world and there is still no complete cure for MS. Purification of a terpenoid from Capparis ovata was carried out and its structure was elucidated as stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol, myristate (3β,22E-stigmasteryl myristate; SDM) by NMR and mass spectral analyses. No information regarding its any health effect is available in the literature. In the present study, we have described its effects on inflammatory factors such as the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules as well as apoptosis/infiltration and myelination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression levels of proinflammatory or inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as NF-κB1, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and HIF1A along with T-cell activating cytokines such as IL-6 and TGFB1 were significantly downregulated with SDM treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of the main myelin proteins such as MBP, MAG and PLP that are essential for healthy myelin architecture were significantly up-regulated. The results presented in this study strongly suggest that the SDM offers a unique possibility to be used with autoimmune diseases, including MS due to its activity on the manipulation of cytokines and the promotion of myelin formation.
GSTF1 gene expression at local Albanian wheat cultivar Dajti under salinity and heat conditions
Authors: Bacu Ariola , Comashi Kristjana , Hoxhaj Markeljana , Ibro Vjollca
Published: July 2017

Plants have evolved effective defense mechanisms against stress-induced oxidative damages, among which an important role play glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This huge class of proteins have been reported to increase in a number of crops under temperature and saline stresses. However, different wheat cultivars display specific characteristics of expression. In our study we controlled the transcription of GSTF1 gene at leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of local cultivar Dajti, evaluated previously as resistant toward salt and temperature stresses. Three different concentrations of NaCl, 50, 100, 200mM, were applied at plants germinated in Hoagland culture, and total ARN was extracted from leaves collected at 0-3-6-10-24-72 hrs after treatment. Seeds from the same cultivar were germinated in Hoagland culture under heat treatment, keeping controls at 25°C/20°C and the rest under a 35°C /25°C-day/night regime in a growth chamber. Total RNA was extracted after one week, 30, and 45 days following HT. RT-PCRs were performed using primers specific for GSTF1. Concentration of amplicons was evaluated in agarose gels. In conclusion, the transcription of GSTF1 at Dajti cultivar is reduced during the time of exposure on saline conditions, does not depend on salt concentration, and is not affected by prolonged temperature stress.
The Influence of Le Corbusier On the emergence of the Aesthetic Values in the Modern Architecture of Cyprus
Authors: Ali Farhan Abdullah
Published: July 2017

Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as a case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
Muslim Innovations in American Exceptionalist Rhetoric: Linda Sarsour's American Jeremiad
Authors: McLaren Kristin
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on the rhetoric of American Muslim activist Linda Sarsour. Sarsour makes use of social media to pose a critique of American society, in the style of an American jeremiad. Sarsour serves as a jeremiadic preacher, who lambastes the chosen American people for straying from their ideals of liberty and justice, and incites them to fulfill their destiny as beacons of hope for racial harmony and respect for human rights.
Researching the democratic impact of open government data: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ruijer Erna H.J.M. , Martinius Evelijn
Published: July 2017

This systematic literature review examines the impact of open government data on democratic societies. The paper uses a multidimensional operationalization of democracy, concentrating on monitorial, deliberative and participatory processes. It presents expected and found impact of open government data on democratic processes, an overview of the indicators used to measure impact and challenges of realizing impact. The results show that so far limited empirical studies have been conducted regarding the impact of open data on democratic processes. Furthermore, the empirical studies show mixed results and use a broad variety of indicators to measure the impact of OGD. Challenges identified are related to data skills, representation and diversity. More research is necessary especially regarding the impact of open data on deliberative processes and the impact of open data for citizens.