bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic labels cue biological motion perception and misperception
Authors: Slivac Ksenija , Hervais-Adelman Alexis , Hagoort Peter , Flecken Monique
Published: August 2021

Linguistic labels exert a particularly strong top-down influence on perception. The potency of this influence has been ascribed to their ability to evoke category-diagnostic features of concepts. In doing this, they facilitate the formation of a perceptual template concordant with those features, effectively biasing perceptual activation towards the labelled category. In this study, we employ a cueing paradigm with moving, point-light stimuli across three experiments, in order to examine how the number of biological motion features (form and kinematics) encoded in lexical cues modulates the efficacy of lexical top-down influence on perception. We find that the magnitude of lexical influence on biological motion perception rises as a function of the number of biological motion-relevant features carried by both cue and target. When lexical cues encode multiple biological motion features, this influence is robust enough to mislead participants into reporting erroneous percepts, even when a masking level yielding high performance is used.
Hydrolysis of a second Asp-Pro site at the N-terminus of NOTCH3 in inherited vascular dementia
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Lee Soo Jung , Wang Michael M.
Published: August 2021

Cerebrovascular pathology at the biochemical level has been informed by the study of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a vascular disorder caused by NOTCH3 mutations. Previous work in CADASIL described N-terminal proteolysis of NOTCH3 generated by specific non-enzymatic cleavage of the first Asp-Pro sequence of the protein. Here, we investigated whether the second Asp-Pro peptide bond (residues 121–122) of NOTCH3 is cleaved in CADASIL. Monospecific antibodies were generated that recognize the neo-epitope predicted to be generated by cleavage after Asp121. These antibodies were used to localize cleavage events at Asp121 in post-mortem CADASIL and control brain tissue and to investigate factors that regulate cleavage at Asp121. We report that cleavage at Asp121 occurs at a high level in the arterial media of CADASIL cerebral arteries. Leptomeningeal arteries demonstrated substantially more cleavage product than penetrating arteries in the white matter, and control vessels harbored only a small amount of cleaved NOTCH3. Proteolysis at Asp121 occurred in purified preparations of NOTCH3 ectodomain, was increased by acidic pH and reductive conditions, and required native protein conformation for cleavage. Increasing the concentration of NOTCH3 EGF-like domain protein elevated the level of proteolysis. On the other hand, several polyanionic chemicals potently blocked cleavage at Asp121. These studies demonstrate that the NOTCH3 protein in CADASIL is cleaved in multiple locations at labile Asp-Pro peptide bonds. As such, chronic brain vascular disease, like other neurodegenerative conditions, features proteolysis of pathological proteins at multiple sites which may generate small pathological peptides.
Dendritic cells play no significant role in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model
Authors: Droho Steven , Perlman Harris , Lavine Jeremy A.
Published: August 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is genetically associated with complement. Dendritic cells (DCs) play key roles during innate and adaptive immunity, and express complement components and their receptors. We investigated ocular DC heterogeneity and the role of DCs in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. In order to determine the function of DCs, we used two models of DC deficiency: the Flt3−/− and Flt3l−/− mouse. We identified three types of ocular DCs: plasmacytoid DC, classical DC-1, and classical DC-2. At steady-state, classical DCs were found in the iris and choroid but were not detectable in the retina. Plasmacytoid DCs existed at very low levels in iris, choroid, and retina. After laser injury, the number of each DC subset was up-regulated in the choroid and retina. In Flt3−/− mice, we found reduced numbers of classical DCs at steady-state, but each DC subset equally increased after laser injury between wildtype and Flt3−/− mice. In Flt3l−/− mice, each DC subsets was severely reduced after laser injury. Neither Flt3−/− or Flt3l−/− mice demonstrated reduced CNV area compared to wildtype mice. DCs do not play any significant role during the laser-induced CNV model of neovascular AMD.
Pan-transcriptome identifying master genes and regulation network in response to drought and salt stresses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Medina Cesar Augusto , Samac Deborah A. , Yu Long-Xi
Published: August 2021

Alfalfa is an important legume forage grown worldwide and its productivity is affected by environmental stresses such as drought and high salinity. In this work, three alfalfa germplasms with contrasting tolerances to drought and high salinity were used for unraveling the transcriptomic responses to drought and salt stresses. Twenty-one different RNA samples from different germplasm, stress conditions or tissue sources (leaf, stem and root) were extracted and sequenced using the PacBio (Iso-Seq) and the Illumina platforms to obtain full-length transcriptomic profiles. A total of 1,124,275 and 91,378 unique isoforms and genes were obtained, respectively. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes identified differentially expressed genes and isoforms as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications such as alternative splicing events, fusion genes and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay events and non-coding RNA such as circRNA and lncRNA. This is the first time to identify the diversity of circRNA and lncRNA in response to drought and high salinity in alfalfa. The analysis of weighted gene co-expression network allowed to identify master genes and isoforms that may play important roles on drought and salt stress tolerance in alfalfa. This work provides insight for understanding the mechanisms by which drought and salt stresses affect alfalfa growth at the whole genome level.
Bacterial resistance to CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials
Authors: Uribe Ruben V. , Rathmer Christin , Jahn Leonie Johanna , Ellabaan Mostafa Mostafa Hashim , Li Simone S. , Sommer Morten Otto Alexander
Published: August 2021

In the age of antibiotic resistance and precise microbiome engineering, CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials promise to have a substantial impact on the way we treat diseases in the future. However, the efficacy of these antimicrobials and their mechanisms of resistance remain to be elucidated. We systematically investigated how a target E. coli strain can escape killing by episomally-encoded CRISPR-Cas9 antimicrobials. Using Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) we studied the killing efficiency and resistance mutation rate towards CRISPR-Cas9 antimicrobials and elucidated the underlying genetic alterations. We find that killing efficiency is not correlated with the number of cutting sites or the type of target. While the number of targets did not significantly affect efficiency of killing, it did reduce the emergence of chromosomal mutations conferring resistance. The most frequent target of resistance mutations was the plasmid-encoded SpCas9 that was inactivated by bacterial genome rearrangements involving translocation of mobile genetic elements such as insertion elements. This resistance mechanism can be overcome by re-introduction of an intact copy of SpCas9. The work presented here provides a guide to design strategies that reduce resistance and improve the activity of CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials.
Predation by avian predators may have initiated the evolution of myrmecomorph spiders
Authors: Veselý Petr , Dobrovodský Juraj , Fuchs Roman
Published: August 2021

Myrmecomorphy is a strategy utilized by a variety of species, among which spiders are the most common. It is supposed that myrmecomorphy tends to be selected by predator avoidance of preying on ants rather than by blind ant workers. To date, this hypothesis has been tested mainly on invertebrate predators (mantises and spiders). We are the first to test whether an imperfect myrmecomorph spider (Phrurolithus festivus) gains protection against avian predators (wild adult great tits—Parus major) through its appearance. In a set of preferential trials, we showed that the ant model and the myrmecomorph spider are equally well protected against attack, though the attacked myrmecomorphs are usually eaten. This suggests that the mimicry of the myrmecomorph spiders is effective against avian predators and works in a Batesian manner. In this study, we have provided evidence toward the evolution of myrmecomorphy in response to selective pressure elicited by visually-oriented predators like birds.
Desensitization of human breast progenitors by a transient exposure to pregnancy levels of estrogen
Authors: Rønnov-Jessen Lone , Kim Jiyoung , Goldhammer Nadine , Klitgaard Marie Christine , Smicius Martynas , Bechmann Marc Baker , Villadsen René , Petersen Ole William
Published: August 2021

Full term pregnancy at an early age is the only factor known to consistently protect against breast cancer. Because hormone receptor positive progenitors in the human breast relay endocrine signaling, we here sought to determine whether an experimental mimicry of the third trimester surge of hormones would change their susceptibility to growth stimulation. Hormone receptor positive, reduction mammoplasty-derived human breast epithelial progenitors were exposed to a short-term, pregnancy-level of estradiol, and their subsequent response to estradiol stimulation was analyzed. Exposure to pregnancy-level of estradiol results in subsequent lower sensitivity to estrogen-induced proliferation. Expression array and immunoblotting reveal upregulation of S100A7 and down-regulation of p27, both associated with parity and epithelial differentiation. Notably, we find that the epithelial differentiation is accompanied by upregulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of vimentin as well as by diminished migration and more mature luminal epithelial differentiation in a mouse transplantation model. Our findings are in support of a de-sensitization mechanism for pregnancy-induced prevention against breast cancer.
From signal-based to comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kotek Gyula , Nunez-Gonzalez Laura , Vogel Mika W. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Poot Dirk H. J. , Hernandez-Tamames Juan A.
Published: August 2021

We present and evaluate a new insight into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is based on the algebraic description of the magnetization during the transient response—including intrinsic magnetic resonance parameters such as longitudinal and transverse relaxation times (T1, T2) and proton density (PD) and experimental conditions such as radiofrequency field (B1) and constant/homogeneous magnetic field (B0) from associated scanners. We exploit the correspondence among three different elements: the signal evolution as a result of a repetitive sequence of blocks of radiofrequency excitation pulses and encoding gradients, the continuous Bloch equations and the mathematical description of a sequence as a linear system. This approach simultaneously provides, in a single measurement, all quantitative parameters of interest as well as associated system imperfections. Finally, we demonstrate the in-vivo applicability of the new concept on a clinical MRI scanner.
Incidence and predictors of delirium on the intensive care unit in patients with acute kidney injury, insight from a retrospective registry
Authors: Jäckel Markus , Aicher Nico , Rilinger Jonathan , Bemtgen Xavier , Widmeier Eugen , Wengenmayer Tobias , Duerschmied Daniel , Biever Paul Marc , Stachon Peter , Bode Christoph , Staudacher Dawid Leander
Published: August 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and delirium are common complications on the intensive care unit (ICU). Few is known about the association of AKI and delirium, as well as about incidence and predictors of delirium in patients with AKI. In this retrospective study, all patients with AKI, as defined by the KDIGO (kidney disease improving global outcome) guideline, treated for more than 24 h on the ICU in an university hospital in 2019 were included and analyzed. Delirium was defined by a NuDesc (Nursing Delirium screening scale) ≥ 2, which is evaluated three times a day in every patient on our ICU as part of daily routine. A total of 383/919 (41.7%) patients developed an AKI during the ICU stay. Delirium was detected in 230/383 (60.1%) patients with AKI. Independent predictors of delirium were: age, psychiatric disease, alcohol abuse, mechanical ventilation, severe shock, and AKI stage II/III (all p < 0.05). The primary cause of illness had no influence on the onset of delirium. Among patients with AKI, the duration of the ICU stay correlated with higher stages of AKI and the presence of delirium (stage I/no delirium: median 1.9 (interquartile range (25th–75th) 1.3–2.9) days; stage II/III/no delirium: 2.6 (1.6–5.5) days; stage I/delirium: 4.1 (2.5–14.3) days; stage II/III/delirium: 6.8 (3.5–11.9) days; all p < 0.01). Delirium, defined as NuDesc ≥ 2 is frequent in patients with AKI on an ICU and independently predicted by higher stages of AKI.
Association between polygenic propensity for psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake
Authors: Hunjan Avina K. , Hübel Christopher , Lin Yuhao , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome
Published: August 2021

Despite the observed associations between psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake, genetic studies are limited. We examined whether polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders are associated with nutrient intake in UK Biobank (N = 163,619) using linear mixed models. We found polygenic scores for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia showed the highest number of associations, while a polygenic score for autism spectrum disorder showed no association. The relatively weaker obsessive-compulsive disorder polygenic score showed the greatest effect sizes suggesting its association with diet traits may become more apparent with larger genome-wide analyses. A higher alcohol dependence polygenic score was associated with higher alcohol intake and individuals with higher persistent thinness polygenic scores reported their food to weigh less, both independent of socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that polygenic propensity for a psychiatric disorder is associated with dietary behaviour. Note, nutrient intake was self-reported and findings must therefore be interpreted mindfully.
Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology
Authors: Martinez-Vidal Laura , Murdica Valentina , Venegoni Chiara , Pederzoli Filippo , Bandini Marco , Necchi Andrea , Salonia Andrea , Alfano Massimo
Published: August 2021

Mechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
Application of serum mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with an ensemble learning method in rapid diagnosis of gliomas
Authors: Qu Hanwen , Wu Wei , Chen Chen , Yan Ziwei , Guo Wenjia , Meng Chunzhi , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Fangfang , Chen Cheng
Published: August 2021

Diffuse growth of glioma cells leads to gliomatosis, which has a low cure rate and high mortality. This study aims to find an efficient and accurate diagnostic method for glioma by using infrared spectroscopy combined with ensemble learning model and decision level fusion.
Skin adhesion to the percutaneous component of direct bone anchored systems: systematic review on preclinical approaches and biomaterials
Authors: Sartori Maria , Borsari Veronica , Maglio Melania , Brogini Silvia , Bragonzoni Laura , Zaffagnini Stefano , Fini Milena
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, direct bone anchored systems are an increasingly adopted approach in the therapeutic landscape for amputee patients.
A collagen-AS/εPLL bilayered artificial substitute regulates anti-inflammation and infection for initial inflamed wound healing
Authors: Seon Gyeung Mi , Lee Mi Hee , Koo Min-Ah , Hong Seung Hee , Park Ye jin , Jeong Ha Kyeong , Park Jong-Chul
Published: August 2021

A asiaticoside and epsilon-poly-l-lysine released collagen artificial skin substitute can effectively reduce inflammation in the initial phase of healing process, preventing chronic wound with secondary problems and have a promising future in biomedical dressing application.
Recyclable fluorous cinchona organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis of biologically interesting compounds
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2021

Presented in this article are recyclable cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed fluorination and Michael addition-initiated cascade reactions for asymmetric synthesis of biologically interested compounds.
Novel ultrabright luminescent copper nanoclusters and application in light-emitting devices
Authors: Huang Qiu-Qin , Hu Mei-Yue , Li Yan-Li , Chen Nan-Nan , Li Yi , Wei Qiao-Hua , Fu FengFu
Published: August 2021

Ultra-small tri/tetra-nuclear copper nanoclusters (Cu3/Cu4) exhibit ultrabright phosphorescence emission (Фem = 71.8 and 63.5%). Cu3 is firstly applied as a single component phosphor for white light-emitting diodes with favourable characteristics.
Determining chemical exchange rate constants in nanoemulsions using nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Gong Zhaoyuan , Tootoonchi Mohammad Hossein , Fraker Christopher A. , Walls Jamie D.
Published: August 2021

Composition effects and molecular crowding are incorporated into NMR Bloch–McConnell chemical exchange theory to study exchange dynamics in nanoemulsions.
Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation
Authors: Katsirma Zoi , Dimidi Eirini , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Whelan Kevin
Published: August 2021

A summary of the mechanisms of action by which fruit products confer effects on the human gut function, motility and the gut microbiome, as well as an exploration of the effects of processing on the active nutrient content and efficacy of fruits.
Construction of LZU1@WO3heterojunction photocatalysts: enhanced photocatalytic performance and mechanism insight
Authors: Shang Simin , Yang Huaizhi , Shi Dajun , Dong Bowen , Zhang Heling , Cheng Qingrong , Pan Zhiquan
Published: August 2021

Our well-designed nano-WO3@LZU1 composite photocatalysts were fully characterized. Under simulated sunlight, the hybrid materials showed much higher photocatalytic activity for BBR degradation and MB degradation than WO3 or LZU1, and improved hydrogen production capacity.
On the origin of controlled anisotropic growth of monodisperse gold nanobipyramids
Authors: Meena Santosh Kumar , Lerouge Frederic , Baldeck Patrice , Andraud Chantal , Garavelli Marco , Parola Stephane , Sulpizi Marialore , Rivalta Ivan
Published: August 2021

We elucidate the crucial role of the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant in the anisotropic growth mechanism of gold nano-bipyramids, nano-objects with remarkable optical properties and high tunability.
Oxygen polyhedral dipole–dipole interaction induced domain reconstruction and relaxor behaviors in layered perovskite films for dielectric energy storage
Authors: Zhao Yueshun , Yang Bo , Wu Qiong , Zhou Yunpeng , Guo Fei , Zhao Shifeng
Published: August 2021

AO12 and BO6 oxygen polyhedra were defined in layered perovskite films as A–O* and B–O* polyhedral dipoles, respectively, which are responsible for the spontaneous polarization and the construction of domains.
Flexible nanoporous activated carbon for adsorption of organics from industrial effluents
Authors: Zulfiqar Usama , Kostoglou Nikolaos , Thomas Andrew G. , Rebholz Claus , Matthews Allan , Lewis David J.
Published: August 2021

This paper reports chemical surface modification of a high surface area activated carbon cloth to engineer its affinity towards organic contaminants.
2D WS2 embedded PVDF nanocomposites for photosensitive piezoelectric nanogenerators with a colossal energy conversion efficiency of ∼25.6%
Authors: Bhattacharya Didhiti , Bayan Sayan , Mitra Rajib Kumar , Ray Samit K.
Published: August 2021

Benefiting from the advantages of low cost, light weight and mechanical flexibility, piezoelectric nanogenerators have the potential for application in renewable energy harvesting from various unexplored sources.
Functionalized silica nanoparticles: classification, synthetic approaches and recent advances in adsorption applications
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Xueping , Shen Danqing , Wu Fan , Pleixats Roser , Pan Jianming
Published: August 2021

Silica nanoparticles have evolved from the field of nanotechnology to different fields of science and engineering. An overview of silica nanoparticles going from definitions to properties, synthetic approaches and applications is presented.
A numerical study on drug deliveryviamultiscale synergy of cellular hitchhiking onto red blood cells
Authors: Nikfar Mehdi , Razizadeh Meghdad , Paul Ratul , Muzykantov Vladimir , Liu Yaling
Published: August 2021

Red blood cell (RBC)-hitchhiking, in which different nanocarriers (NCs) shuttle on the erythrocyte membrane and disassociate from RBCs to the first organ downstream of the intravenous injection spot, has recently been introduced as a solution to enhance target site uptake.
Individual particle heating of interacting magnetic nanoparticles at nonzero temperature
Authors: Leliaert Jonathan , Ortega-Julia Javier , Ortega Daniel
Published: August 2021

We show how tumour heating in magnetic hyperthermia can become more homogeneous through exploitation of magnetisation dynamics of interacting particles.
Catalyst-free gem-chlorosulfurization of difluoromethyl-substituted diazo compounds with disulfide and PhICl2
Authors: Li Jiuling , Li Bin , Chen Juan , Jia Xinyu , Wang Min , Hao Chengjun , Zheng Xinhua , Dai Hongmei , Hu Wenhao
Published: August 2021

A series of gem-chlorosulfurization products bearing difluoromethyl substituents were synthesized from TsCF2CHN2, disulfides and PhICl2 under mild conditions, which could be efficiently converted to multi-component products by a facile operation.
Enzymatic modular assembly of hybrid Lewis antigens
Authors: Xia Hui , Ye Jinfeng , Cao Hongzhi , Liu Xianwei , Zhang Yan , Liu Chang-Cheng
Published: August 2021

Facile enzymatic modular assembly of 3 complex hybrid Lewis antigens.
Surface modified halloysite nanotube enhanced imine-based epoxy composites with high self-healing efficiency and excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Jiang Hao , Cheng Meng , Ai Caijiao , Meng Fanjie , Mou Yizeng , Sun Shuangqing , Li Chunling , Hu Songqing
Published: August 2021

(a) Schematic diagram of the self-healing mechanism. (b) Illustration of the cross-linking effect and the internal molecular structure.
Organocatalytic sequential ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ester/epoxide and N-sulfonyl aziridine: metal-free and easy access to block copolymers
Authors: Huang Huishan , Luo Wenyi , Zhu Linlin , Wang Ying , Zhang Zhen
Published: August 2021

Sequential ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL)/propylene oxide (PO) and N-sulfonyl aziridine switched by tosyl isocyanate (TSI) allows the metal-free synthesis of polysulfonamide-based copolymers.
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by tralen, an organomediator
Authors: Chang Chun-Wei , Jen Yu-Yu , Tang Shan-Cheng , Zhang Pan , Chen Changle , Peng Chi-How
Published: August 2021

An organic compound, tralen, has been developed as a mediator to control the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone via the reversible termination mechanism.
Investigation of kinetics and adsorption isotherm for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using mesoporous cerium–aluminum binary oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Zaidi Rumman , Khan Saif Ullah , Farooqi I. H. , Azam Ameer
Published: August 2021

Mesoporous Ce–Al binary oxide nanomaterials prepared with a surface area of 110.32 m2g−1showed defluoridation capacity at pH 2.4, exhibited maximum adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg g−1and a removal efficiency of 91.5% at a small dose of nanoadsorbent.
Mn-doped nickeltitanate (Ni1−xMnxTiO3) as a promising support material for PdSn electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Saraswathy R. , Suman R. , Malin Bruntha P. , Khanna D. , Chellasamy V.
Published: August 2021

Nickeltitanate (Ilmenite) has been prepared with stoichiometric variation by substituting Mn in the ‘A’ site, using the sol–gel method in a highly active form.
Synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by otamixaban and covalent protease inhibitors: pre-clinical assessment of pharmacological and molecular properties
Authors: Hempel Tim , Elez Katarina , Krüger Nadine , Raich Lluís , Shrimp Jonathan H. , Danov Olga , Jonigk Danny , Braun Armin , Shen Min , Hall Matthew D. , Pöhlmann Stefan , Hoffmann Markus , Noé Frank
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, exploits host proteins for viral entry into human lung cells and is blocked by otamixaban in combination with a covalent protease inhibitor.
Sulfated poly-amido-saccharides (sulPASs) are anticoagulants in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Varghese Maria , Rokosh Rae S. , Haller Carolyn A. , Chin Stacy L. , Chen Jiaxuan , Dai Erbin , Xiao Ruiqing , Chaikof Elliot L. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: August 2021

Heparin mimicking sulfated poly-amido-saccharides (sulPASs) are anticoagulants resistant to heparanases and reversed by protamine sulfate. In an in vivo murine model, sulPASs extend clotting time without the increased risk of bleeding.
Albumin-targeting of an oxaliplatin-releasing platinum(iv) prodrug results in pronounced anticancer activity due to endocytotic drug uptake in vivo
Authors: Schueffl Hemma , Theiner Sarah , Hermann Gerrit , Mayr Josef , Fronik Philipp , Groza Diana , van Schonhooven Sushilla , Galvez Luis , Sommerfeld Nadine S. , Schintlmeister Arno , Reipert Siegfried , Wagner Michael , Mader Robert M. , Koellensperger Gunda , Keppler Bernhard K. , Berger Walter , Kowol Christian R. , Legin Anton , Heffeter Petra
Published: August 2021

Albumin-targeting of a maleimide-containing oxaliplatin-releasing platinum(iv) prodrug results in tumor-specific drug delivery and activity as shown by LA-ICP-MS, isotope-labeling and NanoSIMS in cell culture and in vivo.
Direct growth of crystalline triazine-based graphdiyne using surface-assisted deprotection–polymerisation
Authors: Kulkarni Ranjit , Huang Jieyang , Trunk Matthias , Burmeister David , Amsalem Patrick , Müller Johannes , Martin Andréa , Koch Norbert , Kass Dustin , Bojdys Michael J.
Published: August 2021

We present a one-pot deprotection/polymerisation protocol for the synthesis of crystalline graphdiynes on top of a copper surface starting with stable trimethylsilylated alkyne monomers.
Why halides enhance heterogeneous metal ion charge transfer reactions
Authors: Florian Jacob , Agarwal Harsh , Singh Nirala , Goldsmith Bryan R.
Published: August 2021

Halide-induced rate enhancements are correlated with the desorption barriers of aqueous metal–anion complexes on electrodes, which can guide electrode and electrolyte selection to enhance redox kinetics of metal ion charge transfer reactions.
Mg(ii) heterodinuclear catalysts delivering carbon dioxide derived multi-block polymers
Authors: Rosetto Gloria , Deacy Arron C. , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: August 2021

Carbon dioxide-based multiblock polymers are synthesised, in one-pot, from a mixture of monomers using a highly selective and active heterodinuclear Co(ii)Mg(ii) catalyst.
An economically sustainable bifunctional Ni@C catalyst in a solar-to-hydrogen device employing a CIGS submodule
Authors: Ngo Quang-Tung , Omelianovych Oleksii , Nguyen Van-Toan , Ahn Byung Tae , Lee Kyu-Bock , Lee Gyoung-Ja , Larina Liudmila L. , Choi Ho-Suk
Published: August 2021

In this work, Ni@C was successfully fabricated using a one-step metal wire explosion method and employed as a bifunctional catalyst material for electrodes in an electrolyzer connected to a CIGS-sub module for continuous hydrogen production.
MXene binder stabilizes pseudocapacitance of conducting polymers
Authors: Boota Muhammad , Jung Euiyeon , Ahuja Rajeev , Hussain Tanveer
Published: August 2021

Unlike conventional additives, the use of MXene as a binder improves the electrochemical performance of conducting polymers. The approach is extendable to a large family of poorly conducting organic materials for sustainable energy storage devices.
Latest directions in p-type transparent conductor design
Authors: Willis Joe , Scanlon David O.
Published: August 2021

We present an overview of historical and emerging p-type TCMs. We critically assess the p-type halide perovskites returned from high-throughput screening studies. Earth abundant non-oxides are promising candidates for p-type TCM applications.
Recognition and ratiometric visual sensing of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids by a white-light-emitting quantum-dot complex
Authors: Manna Mihir , Bhandari Satyapriya , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: August 2021

A white-light-emitting quantum-dot complex, comprised of a quantum dot and an inorganic complex on its surface was used for selective recognition and the turn-on ratiometric visual detection of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids by monitoring the changes in the photoluminescence colour, hue, intensity ratio and chromaticity.
Insights into molecular packing effects on the emission properties of fluorenone-based molecules in the aggregate state
Authors: Yao Peigen , Wang Yixuan , Qiao Weiguo , Sun Xianglang , Peng Haiyan , Xie Xiaolin , Li Zhong'an
Published: August 2021

A structure–packing–property relationship study of fluorenone-based molecules indicates that the formation of a three-dimensional molecular packing network is an effective way to suppress molecular motions to achieve AIE properties.
Capturing the Nature of the Spelling Errors in Developmental Language Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Broc Lucie , Joye Nelly , Dockrell Julie E. , Olive Thierry
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This scoping review aims to identify and analyze the nature of the spelling errors produced by children with developmental language disorder (DLD) across different orthographies. Building on a previous meta-analysis identifying the extent of the spelling difficulties of children with DLD, the review extends our understanding of the nature of the spelling errors produced by children with DLD. Three questions are addressed: Do spelling difficulties in children with DLD stem from weak phonological, orthographic, or morphological representations? What are the patterns of spelling performance in DLD depending on orthographic depth? Do comorbid difficulties with DLD impact spelling?

Method

The scoping review followed the five phases outlined byArksey and O'Malley (2005)and extended byLevac et al. (2010): (a) specifying the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) charting the data; and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.

Results

Eighteen studies that provided a qualitative description of the nature of spelling errors produced by children and adolescents with DLD were identified. Spelling performance was examined in relation to control groups that were matched on age, on language features (language, spelling, or reading age), or on co-occurring difficulties.

Conclusions

This review article highlights the key elements that need to be considered when practitioners examine spelling difficulties and provides benchmarks for assessment in a range of alphabetic languages for school-age children. The qualitative analyses indicated that when practitioners evaluate spelling performance in children or adolescents with DLD, three factors should be considered: phonological representations, morphological awareness, and reading skills.
Shoulder girdle recognition using electrophysiological and low frequency anatomical contraction signals for prosthesis control
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Al‐Timemy Ali H.
Published: August 2021

Shoulder disarticulation amputees account for a small portion of upper‐limb amputees, thus little emphasis has been devoted to developing functional prosthesis for this cohort of amputees. In this study, shoulder girdle recognition was investigated with acquired data from electrophysiological (electromyography [EMG]) and low frequency contraction (accelerometer [Acc]) signals from both amputee and non‐amputee participants. The contribution of this study is based around the contrast of the classification accuracy (CA) for different sensor configurations using a unique set of signal features. It was seen that the fusion of the EMG‐Acc produced an enhancement in the CA in the range of 10%–20%, depending on which windowing parameters were considered. From this, it was seen that the best combination of a windowing scheme and classifier would likely be for the 350 ms and spectral regression discriminant analysis, with a fusion of the EMG‐Acc information. The results have thus provided evidence that the two sensors can be combined and used in practice for prosthesis control. Taking a holistic view on the study, the authors conclude by providing a framework on how the shoulder motion recognition could be combined with neuromuscular reprogramming to contribute towards easing the cognitive burden of amputees during the prosthesis control process.
Fabrication of 150‐nm AlGaN/GaN field‐plated High Electron Mobility Transistors using i‐line stepper
Authors: Ando Yuji , Makisako Ryutaro , Takahashi Hidemasa , Wakejima Akio , Suda Jun
Published: August 2021

This article reports a high throughput 150‐nm‐gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process using i‐line stepper lithography and a thermal reflow technique. Optimizing thermal reflow conditions, fabrication of a 150‐nm gate structure was successfully realized with the initial resist opening of 0.7 μm. AlGaN/GaN field‐plated HEMTs were fabricated on a semi‐insulating SiC substrate by using this process. In spite of unoptimized structures, fabricated 150‐nm gate devices exhibited the maximum drain current of 0.65 A/mm and the gate‐drain breakdown voltage exceeding 200 V. Based on cold HEMT extraction measurements, the average gate length of 187 nm and the standard deviation of 30 nm were obtained on a quarter 4‐in. wafer.
UWB bandpass SSL filter with an adjustable notched band and four transmission zeros
Authors: Xu Z.
Published: August 2021

UWB suspended stripline (SSL) bandpass filter with an adjustable notched band and four transmission zeros (Tzs) is proposed here. To prevent interference signals from the wireless local‐area network (WLAN) entering UWB system, a short‐stub resonant network is introduced to this UWB filter. In addition, utilizing different resonant modes of the two short–stubs, four Tzs are generated to improve the skirt selectivity. Both the centre frequency of the notched band and the positions of Tzs can be controlled by tuning the structural parameters. The UWB SSL bandpass filter is designed, fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
A steady‐state analysis method for pole‐to‐pole faults under different transition resistances in voltage source converter‐based DC systems
Authors: Xiao Zhengguang , Zheng Xiaodong , Tai Nengling , Fan Chunju , He Yangyang
Published: August 2021

Fault analysis is an essential prerequisite for fault detection, location and isolation. A detailed fault analysis method on the steady state of the pole‐to‐pole fault for voltage source converter (VSC) based DC systems is presented in this paper. According to fault characteristics under different transition resistances (TRs), the steady‐state response is divided into three scenarios: low transition resistance with blocked converter (LTRBC), medium transition resistance with blocked converter (MTRBC) and high transition resistance with unblocked converter (HTRUC). When TR is relatively low, fault currents through insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are large and the converter is blocked. After an in‐depth study of freewheel diodes’ conduction states, the iterative method is utilized to solve the steady state under blocked converter. When TR is relatively high, fault currents through IGBTs are not large enough to block the converter. With the unblocked converter, control strategy and pulse width modulation (PWM) are investigated to obtain steady‐state fault currents. Finally, a reasonable simulation model was built in PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results verified the fault analysis accuracy, with much less calculation error than that of the conventional method. Besides, the proposed analysis method was proved applicable to fault scenarios under different TRs.
Novel pure‐metal tri‐axis CMOS‐MEMS accelerometer design and implementation
Authors: Wen Jung‐Hung , Fang Weileum
Published: August 2021

This work proposed a pure‐metal, single‐proof‐mass structure fabricated by the standard 0.18 μm one‐poly‐silicon six‐metal (1P6M) CMOS process along with one in‐house post‐CMOS wet‐etching approach. The implemented state‐of‐the‐art symmetrical tri‐axis accelerometer consists of the disk‐like mezzanine proof‐mass and four diagonal double‐layered springs. Three sets of the addressable quadrant electrodes underneath the proof‐mass with additional interlayer inter‐digital comb‐conductors help to fulfil the high sensibilities of 248.6, 250.8, and 220.1 mV/G for the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes, respectively. Symmetrical‐structure and addressable‐electrode design of the device also effectively eliminates the cross‐coupling effects. The thin‐film composite springs can be width‐trimmed for the necessities of specification changes, and the optional calibration pads also provide the on‐chip accuracy compensations. The fabricated tri‐axis accelerometer reveals stable and consistent results and exemplifies a potential platform design for the highly integrated monolithic CMOS‐MEMS system‐on‐chip applications.
Maintenance decision method considering inspection of mining equipment
Authors: Cao Xian Gang , Zhang Meng Yuan , Gong Yu Rong , Jia Xiao Lin , Zhang Rui Yuan
Published: August 2021

In coal mining industry, equipment safety and reliability during operation are essential in the production process. In recent years, along with the continuous improvement of intelligent coal mining equipment, reliable production requirements have simultaneously increased. Therefore, this article aims to study the maintenance decision making method that considers the safety inspection of a fully mechanized mining equipment group. The goal is to establish a maintenance decision making model that considers the safety overhaul of fully mechanized mining equipment group in order to minimize the total maintenance, production costs and safety risks. Firstly, the regular safety inspection procedure and the maintenance process were introduced. Then, a model guideline method that considers a fully mechanized mining equipment group's safety inspection was established. Finally, through the comparison of algorithms and maintenance strategies, it is proved that the maintenance decision optimization method proposed in this paper is of great significance for improving equipment reliability, improving comprehensive operation rate, reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring coal mine safety production.
An insight on management of odontogenic orbital infections: report of two cases
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Ingole Snehal , Deshpande Mohan , Ranadive Pallavi , Sharma Sneha , Chavan Ankush
Published: August 2021

Odontogenic infections are common and very often spread to potential spaces of head and neck. The spread of such infection to adjacent maxillary sinuses or distant sites such as the orbits are a rare occurrence and may develop periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Unfortunately once orbital cellulitis and subsequently orbital abscess develops it can give rise to serious complications such as complete blindness or even more serious and life-threatening situations as cavernous sinus thrombosis, intracranial abscess or even death. Two cases are presented to demonstrate the differences between the two conditions and the necessary management in either case. This article provides an insight into the clinical behaviour of orbital infections of odontogenic origin with contemporary diagnostic and treatment modalities that will help in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions.
A brief history of the northern quoll (
Authors: Moore Harry A. , Dunlop Judy A. , Jolly Chris J. , Kelly Ella , Woinarski John C. Z. , Ritchie Euan G. , Burnett Scott , van Leeuwen Stephen , Valentine Leonie E. , Cowan Mitchell A. , Nimmo Dale G.
Published: August 2021

In response to Australia’s current extinction crisis, substantial research efforts have been targeted towards some of the most imperilled species. One such species is the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), a marsupial predator that has recently suffered substantial declines in range and is now listed as Endangered. We conducted a systematic review of all literature relevant to the conservation and ecology of northern quolls. We reviewed 143 studies, including research articles, government and industry reports, theses, and books, and quantified research effort in terms of topic, location, and publication period. We then summarised research relevant to northern quoll taxonomy, genetics, distribution, habitat associations, diet, reproduction, movement, threats, management, and Indigenous knowledge. Research effort was higher between 2011 and 2020 than the previous four decades combined. Northern quolls in the Northern Territory were the most studied, followed by the Pilbara, the Kimberley, and Queensland populations. Most studies focused on northern quoll distribution and habitat, management, and threats – primarily cane toads, predation, and fire. We conclude with a non-exhaustive list of ten future research directions. If pursued, these future research directions should provide information critical to managing and conserving northern quolls.
Effect of fuel spatial resolution on predictive wildfire models
Authors: Taneja Ritu , Hilton James , Wallace Luke , Reinke Karin , Jones Simon
Published: August 2021

Computational models of wildfires are necessary for operational prediction and risk assessment. These models require accurate spatial fuel data and remote sensing techniques have ability to provide high spatial resolution raster data for landscapes. We modelled a series of fires to understand and quantify the impact of the spatial resolution of fuel data on the behaviour of fire predictive model. Airborne laser scanning data was used to derive canopy height models and percentage cover grids at spatial resolutions ranging from 2 m to 50 m for Mallee heath fire spread model. The shape, unburnt area within the fire extent and extent of fire areas were compared over time. These model outputs were strongly affected by the spatial resolution of input data when the length scale of the fuel data is smaller than connectivity length scale of the fuel. At higher spatial resolutions breaks in the fuel were well resolved often resulting in a significant reduction in the predicted size of the fire. Our findings provide information for practitioners for wildfire modelling where local features may be important, such as operational predictions incorporating fire and fuel breaks, and risk modelling of peri-urban edges or assessment of potential fuel reduction mitigations.
TEM1 combinatorially binds to
FLOWERING LOCUS T
and recruits a Polycomb factor to repress the floral transition in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Hongmiao , Tian Shu , Xie Guohui , Liu Rui , Wang Nana , Li Sisi , He Yuehui , Du Jiamu
Published: August 2021

Significance

TEM1 is a flowering repressor that suppresses the expression of
FT
florigen. However, the specific
FT
targeting mechanism of TEM1 and the molecular basis for the repression function of TEM1 remain unclear. In this research, we performed structural, biochemical, and genetic studies on TEM1. We revealed the molecular mechanism underlying the combinatorial binding of the
FT
gene 5′-untranslated region (UTR) by TEM1 AP2 and B3 domains. We found that TEM1 interacts with the PRC2 subunit CLF and is responsible for deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 at the
FT
5′-UTR region. Altogether, we revealed a molecular mechanism underlying the flowering repression function of TEM1.
Study of Earthquake Effects on Structures and Mitigation Measures: A Literature Review
Authors: Manoharan Shimna , Aishwarya B , Prabhu Anusha P
Published: August 2021

Earthquake is the phenomenon of sudden release of built-up energy due to the tectonic plate’s movement induces tremors along the lithospheric surface of Earth in the form of waves called seismic wave. Soil liquefaction, structural instability, surface faults and uplifts, triggering landslides and tsunami are some of its causes. These induce changes in the terrain of the concerned areas. Earthquake is commonly of four types, namely tectonic, collapse, volcanic and explosion and are classified based on cause of origin, depth of focus and intensity. The effects produced by action of earthquake on structures can be reduced by following certain measures such as verifying structure of the terrain and history of seismic activity, analyzing seismic performance of structure, design verification and utilization of available preventive and corrective techniques. This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis, mitigation and incorporation of the same into designing strategies.
A Review on the Progressive Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Lavendra Samrat , Raghavendra T
Published: August 2021

The progressive collapse analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) building occurs when an extreme event arises (vehicle collision, gas explosion, bomb blasts, etc.), which often cause damage to the RC structural frame were a sudden loss of primary structural element takes place or due to the failure of one or more critical structural element leading the structure to partial or entire collapse. The fear of progressive collapse is growing, due to the partial collapse of the 22-story Ronan point apartment in 1968, leading to a gas burst and attacks in Oklahoma City, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in 1995, and the attacks on the world trade center in Lower Manhattan, New York in the year 2001. The trend is now to attain strong buildings which can be operational after such extreme events, especially when the building is occupied by a large number of persons. This paper reviews the progressive collapse study on RC frame structure based on various numerical, analytical, and experimental methods which are reported and discussed in the literature. In comparison with bare RC frame, the advantageous impact of the masonry infill wall on the RC structural frame is summed up against the progressive collapse.