bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comic Con Communion
Authors: Dunn Robert Andrew , Herrmann Andrew F.
Published: April 2020

The present research explores gender, cosplay, and media fandom in a media fan convention context. Researchers for the present study surveyed 227 attendees at two media fan conventions. As expected, convention attendees found the words “nerd” and “geek” to be badges of honor. Contrary to research expectations, women rated themselves higher as fans than men. Women did, as expected, see fandom as an escapism opportunity more so than men. Male cosplayers thought they looked more like their costume character, but female cosplayers thought they shared their character's personality and were more likely to refer to themselves as “we.” Cosplayers were more likely to tie their fandoms to their friends' enjoyment of it and to tie their fandom to sharing it with large groups of people more so than non-cosplayers. Cosplayers also rated their fandom as being a good time more than non-cosplayers and their fandom as improving their self-esteem more than non-cosplayers. Implications are discussed.
Digital Fandom Overseas
Authors: Aslan Pınar
Published: April 2020

This study deals with Latin American fans of Turkish television series within the context of digital fandom and convergence culture. With the rise of internet technologies, the spread of the television series has become easier on a global scale, and this process leads to a rather more multifaceted world where Latin American audiences are not compelled to Latin American telenovelas anymore; they can even become devoted fans of Turkish television series that are quite successful worldwide. In this chapter, the transformation of television series fandom is analyzed through the case study of Latin American fans of Turkish television series. The way they become fans and contribute to the sustainability of the success of Turkish television series in the region and worldwide through fan labor is studied in detail. Since Turkey has become the second exporter of television series right after the United States, such a study aims to come up with a roadmap on the transformation of fandom presenting future directions for further study.
Celebrity and Influencer in a Fan Economy
Authors: Hung Kineta
Published: April 2020

Celebrity endorsement (CE) constitutes a popular marketing strategy. A large body of research and practices recognize the salience of celebrity traits such as credibility and attractiveness in enhancing endorsement effectiveness. According to these approaches, celebrity fans are at the receiving end of the marketing strategy, and they function primarily as brand purchasers. Their varied roles in enhancing CE are less understood. Aided by the proliferation of social media, fans are connected nationally and globally to form not only a formidable force but also a talent pool. Together, they play an increasingly important role in the CE process. This chapter investigated the changing role of celebrity fans and their contributions. Both traditional celebrities and social media influencers were examined. In both cases, the fans are active shapers of the endorsement process. This is a recent development, where the celebrity, their fans, and the endorsed brand are forming a co-creation platform. The implications are discussed.
A Feminist Autoethography of Academic Performance on Twitter
Authors: Lauricella Sharon
Published: April 2020

The online arena is rife with mansplaining, harassment, and intimidation of women. Similarly, women in academia operate in a traditionally patriarchal, misogynistic environment. What happens when a female academic creates a vibrant online presence? This chapter is an autoethnographic account of the author's experiences managing the public, online performance of a female scholar (@AcademicBatgirl) with the objective to create and cultivate community. She argues that in the online landscape, prosocial behaviour is essential in creating community and sustaining cohesion. She addresses the prosocial effects of humour, including examples of memes that she created and posted on Twitter. She also addresses pitfalls relative to student shaming that she recommends academics avoid in any online or offline forum.
The Emergence, Experiences, and Empowerment of Women Administrators, Coaches, and Athletes
Authors: Darvin Lindsey , Demara Elizabeth H.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this chapter is to provide a more thorough understanding of the current United States intercollegiate athletics model that includes competitive sport opportunities within its system of higher education, the history and emergence of women in sport within higher education, the experiences of women leaders within intercollegiate sport, and future women sport participant and leader empowerment initiatives within higher education. While women were provided opportunities to compete in sport competitively within higher education at a much later date than their men counterparts, the significant impact of athletic participation for women and girls at this level has been established within the previous research. Most notably, women and girls with past sport participation experience at the college level have been found to represent a high proportion of women in leadership roles across a variety of industry segments. These insights provide significant evidence of the importance of equitable access to sport participation within the higher education model.
Examining Oppressions as a Way of Valuing Diversity
Authors: Moyo Otrude Nontobeko
Published: April 2020

This chapter shares an example of using a critical multicultural lens in teaching and learning to engage diversity and social justice in intercultural experiences. The author draws on the classroom experiences of the author and highlights instructor-learner perspectives. Emphasized is the use of the knowledge building classroom engaging pedagogy of discomfort, courageous dialogues, and critical reflections in a reiterative process to engage students in “critical knowing thyself” and “respectfully knowing others.” Students are encouraged to use a critical multicultural lens that centers power in societies together with supportive readings, documentary/films, and activities to examine the social construction of race (racism), gender (sexism), heteronormativity (homophobia), class (classism), and (dis)abilities (ableism) at the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural levels. The conclusion highlights the need to engage self-criticality and the pedagogy of discomfort to examine the interlocking systems of oppression to support students' learning beyond just cataloging privileges.
Family-Community-Higher Education Partnership
Authors: Nyatuka Benard O.
Published: April 2020

Despite governments and the higher learning institutions investing greatly in the search for social justice, its realization has more often than not remained elusive. Could this state of affairs be attributable to weak partnerships among the critical players, as an increasing body of evidence tends to suggest? Accordingly, collaboration between the family, community, and institutions of learning plays a big role in any student's life, particularly in academic achievement, behavior, as well as development of social competencies. Engaging families from diverse backgrounds helps in promoting the view that education is a shared responsibility, including helping the orphans and vulnerable and those with special needs to access higher education. Against this background, this chapter discusses the benefits, barriers, and prospects of family, community, and higher education partnerships as a means of enhancing social justice today. Also elucidated are a relevant theory and the roles of partners in enhancing the provision of quality education.
Challenging Fear and Hate
Authors: Rossatto César A. , Mansour Jennifer L.
Published: April 2020

We are living in times of neo-fascism where fear and hate are the dominant discourses. To counteract such challenges, caring and compassion are crucial components of a public school curriculum that promote humanization and empowerment. This kind of curriculum is missing in public schools. Mass shootings and acts of cruelty in the United States affect children the most. Educating our youth on action-based compassion is vital for critical pedagogy in teacher education programs. The authors question what it means to be human and believe that safe spaces where we can be ourselves and feel good being with others is an ontological necessity. Hence, this chapter expands on these claims and examines why and how this type of curriculum is essential for our multicultural communities.
Preparing Bilingual Teachers to Enact Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy
Authors: Rodriguez-Mojica Claudia , Muñoz-Muñoz Eduardo R. , Briceño Allison
Published: April 2020

Bilingual students and teachers in the U.S. live in a context where linguistic and ethnic minorities are associated with inferiority. Preparing bilingual teachers of color without explicit attention to issues of race, language, and power would maintain and feed the vicious cycle of linguistic hegemony. With the goal of preparing critically conscious future bilingual teachers equipped to enact culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP), the authors centered issues of race, language, and power alongside bilingual instructional methodology and theories of bilingualism in their respective bilingual teacher preparation programs. Drawing on bilingual teacher preparation course material, student reflections, and bilingual teacher candidate interviews, they illustrate how two bilingual teacher preparation programs take two distinct approaches to developing bilingual teachers' critical consciousness and CSP practices. In this way, they outline how bilingual teacher educators can prepare and support bilingual teachers to enact CSP with their K-12 students.
Global Citizenship Education in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Pacho Titus Ogalo
Published: April 2020

Global citizenship education (GCE) has become an important topic in education and development discourses in an increasingly globalised world. Globalisation has affected the world socially, culturally, economically, politically, environmentally, and technologically. This calls for education that can empower learners to become engaged global citizens: learners who can understand that factors like globalisation, the global economic crisis, the refugee crisis, and climate change challenge traditional boundaries because of their ripple effects. Global citizenship education becomes an important tool to aid learners' appreciation the interconnectedness of the world and its diverse cultures, and their role in responding to global challenges. The aim of global citizenship education is to create active and responsible global citizens. Based on a qualitative research approach, this chapter discusses the concepts of global citizenship, global citizenship education, and the role of global citizenship education in sustainable development.
Design, Development, and Usability of a Virtual Environment on Moral, Social, and Emotional Leaning
Authors: Paracha Samiullah , Hall Lynne , Clawson Kathy , Mitsche Nicole
Published: April 2020

Virtual environments have the potential to be an important teaching tool for emotionally sensitive issues capable of producing a sense of presence, perspective-taking and introspection in users in a risk-free, rapid feedback experience. In designing such experiences, it is essential that users are regularly engaged in a collaborative design process. However, engaging in design, development, and evaluation can in itself provide a learning experience. Here, the authors present an approach to engaging children in the design, development and evaluation of a virtual learning environment, specifically a serious game, focused on inculcating empathy, ethical reasoning, and reflection for coping with bullying. It was demonstrated that children's involvement not only contributed to an improved virtual environment, but significantly engaging in the design process provided children with a novel and effective learning opportunity.
Inulinase Activity of Extracellular Protein of Lactobacillus casei AP in Different Growth Conditions
Authors: Kusmiyati Nur , Sunarti Sunarti , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Widodo Widodo
Published: April 2020

Inulinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction involving the hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and/or small fructooligosaccharides by cutting the β-2,1 terminal. The present study aimed to determine the inulolytic activity of extracellular inulinase, extracted from L. casei AP, when grown under different conditions. Extracellular inulinase was extracted from the growth supernatant of L. casei AP, following which the extract was subjected to the qualitative inulinase test; inulinase activity was determined under growth conditions involving different combinations of pH and temperature. The results showed that L. casei AP had inulinolytic ability; therefore, it degraded inulin both in inulin media and inulin extract. The optimum activity of inulinase occurred at the combination of a temperature of 41 °C and pH of 5, with the activity of 20.53 in inulin media and 17.73 in inulin extract.
Distribution and Abundance of a New Pest “Root and Bulb Parasitic Nematode” at Different Elevation Levels and Soil Abiotic Factors in Garlic Growing Centres in Central Java
Authors: Wulandari Ayu Suci , Indarti Siwi
Published: April 2020

The distribution of root and bulb parasitic nematode in garlic crops at various elevation and the effect of abiotic factors on their distribution were investigated. The survey was done at the centers of garlic production area in Central Java, Indonesia. Soil abiotic factors such as temperature, pH, and C-Organic were measured in each location of sampling. Nematodes were analyzed using incubation and white head tray technique modification. Correlation and regression were used to determine the effect of abiotic factors. The results showed that the five locations with different elevations were positive for Ditylenchus dipsaci distribution. These nematodes were found in various elevation with different populations in the range of 8.00-16.67 nematodes per 100 g of soil and 14.34 to 26.67 nematodes per 2 g of bulb. The highest density of the nematode population both in bulb and soil was in Tegal at elevation <1000 m a.s.l. while the lowest nematode population both in soil and root were found in Temanggung at an elevation of 1000-1200 m a.s.l. Abiotic factors, such as temperature has a positive correlation with D.dipsaci nematode populations in bulb and soil, while pH has a negative correlation with nematode populations. C-organic has a positive correlation in abundance of nematode populations in the soil and negative in abundance of nematode populations in bulb.
Drying Model for “Rambak” Crackers Production Using Hybrid Greenhouse Effect Dryer with Stove Biomass and Clay Heat Exchanger
Authors: Anoraga Satria Bhirawa , Suratmo Bandul , Rochmadi Rochmadi
Published: April 2020

A hybrid greenhouse effect dryer was examined for small-medium cracker industries. The system consists of a main drying chamber, biomass stove, heat exchanger, and shelf. This work aims to construct heat and mass transfer model which can describe well the drying process, as well as can be used to predict the greenhouse air temperature, product temperature, and moisture evaporation during drying. Drying is conducted in the room dryer for 9 samples of crackers where each sample is ± 150 grams and is divided into 3 samples placed on the bottom shelf, 3 samples on middle shelf, and 3 samples on the top shelf. Drying is carried out from the initial moisture content of crackers ± 63‒64% to 12‒14% for the standard fries. Mathematics model was simulated in MATLAB software and was validated by comparing the analytical and experimental result. The heat transfer model could describe well the heat transfer process during drying. It was shown that the analytical and experimental results are in good agreement, with mean error range values 5.38‒20.4%.
Crude Fucoidan Activity Extracted from Sargassum sp. as Mycotoxin (T-2) Binder
Authors: Yusfita Sari Marta , Saefudin Endang , Fagatella Fitri
Published: April 2020

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide which is mainly found in brown seaweed like Sargassum sp. In this study, fucoidan was extracted with two distinct methods, one was using 0.1 N HCl (Fucoidan A) and the other 0.1 N H3PO4 (Fucoidan B). The yield of HCl extraction was respectively 7.50% and H3PO4 extraction 7.02%. Characterization of crude fucoidan was carried out through fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by total carbohydrate and total sulfate level measurement. Crude fucoidan was then used to determine its binding activity against Trichothecenes T-2 toxin. Quantitative analysis of 50 ug/ml T-2 toxin binding capacity shows an efficiency of 59.52% at pH 3.0 and 58.37% at pH 6.8 for crude fucoidan A. As for crude fucoidan B, efficiency of T-2 toxin binding capacity has value of 58.12% at pH 3.0 and 57.33% at pH 6.8. Meanwhile, Commercial crude fucoidan extract from Fucus vesiculosus sp. was used as control for T-2 toxin binding capacity analysis with efficiency of 57.31% at pH 3.0 and 56.64% at pH 6.8. Therefore, fucoidan from Sargassum sp. can be utilized better as mycotoxin especially T-2 toxin binder than from Fucus vesiculosus sp. through efficiency result of fucoidan binding capacity.
Immobilization of Dithizone on Natural Bentonite as Adsorbent of Cd(II) Ion
Authors: Aminy Dini Elsi , Mudasir Mudasir , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: April 2020

Research on the adsorption of Cd (II) ion in dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite has been carried out. The aims of this research were focused on the preparation of dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite (BA-D) as adsorbent and desorption experiment of Cd(II) ion. The BA-D was prepared by adding dithizone (dissolved in toluene) into the activated natural bentonite. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). This research showed that adsorption capacities of BA-A and BA-D were 1.70×10‒5 and 2.77×10‒5 mol g‒1 (46% of increasing). According to desorption experiment, interaction between activated natural bentonite and Cd(II) ionwere performed by electrostatic interaction, formation of hydrogen bond and complex formation.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Oxindole Derivatives Via Catalytic Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reactions of Diazoamides
Authors: Nga Phan Thi Thanh , Tone Masaya , Inoue Hayato , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: April 2020

Oxindole derivatives were efficiently synthesized from diazoamides derived from aniline derivatives in the presence of a Ru(II)-Pheox catalyst. Ru(II)-Pheox was found to be one of the most efficient catalysts so far for the synthesis of oxindole derivatives from the diazoamides in high yields (up to 99%) with high regioselectivity. Furthermore, the reaction was rapid and no substituent effects on the aromatic ring.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Curcumin-Sulfanilamide Compound
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Saepudin Endang
Published: April 2020

Curcumin, a diarylheptanoids compound which isolated primary from Curcuma longa, exhibits a variety of exciting biological activities, including as an antibacterial agent. In the present study, a sulfanilamide-contained curcumin compound was synthesized and characterized to investigate the antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis and gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The characterization of the synthesized compound was determined by analysing peak absorbance, functional group, and molecular weight using mass spectroscopy, UV/Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. Curcumin-sulfanilamide compound exhibited the best antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to curcumin and the curcumin-derived compound containing isoxazole with inhibitory zone of 11 mm.
Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer Activity and In Silico Study of some Benzylidene Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Sulistyowaty Melanny Ika , putra galih , Budiati Tutuk , Matsunami Katsuyoshi
Published: April 2020

Some benzylidenehydrazides (3a-e) have been synthesized in three reaction steps from anthranilic acid in good yields, about 70% - 99%. The structures of the synthesized compounds were analyzed using spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated its activity against human lung cancer, A549 cell line by MTT method and studied its molecular docking onto the protein tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 1M17) by using Molegro® vs. 5.5. The data showed that N-(2-(2-(4-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)phenyl)benzamide (3d) which synthesized in 70% yield and has the highest activity on inhibiting the growth of A549 cell line with IC50 10.9μg/mL, which was linier with our in silico study. Compound 3d has the smallest RS value -94.44 kcal/mol, lower than selected Ligand, Erlotinib.
Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Snakehead (Channa striata) Fish Bone and its Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Muryati Muryati , Said Muhammad , Salni Salni
Published: April 2020

Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and tested its antibacterial properties. Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized using CaO precursors from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bones and (NH4)2HPO4. The synthesis was carried out with temperature variations of 30, 60, 80, and 100 °C. Antibacterial activity was determined using two types of bacteria, namely gram-positive and gram-negative. The XRD spectra show that the highest peak is hydroxyapatite synthesized at a temperature of 100 °C. Hydroxyapatite produced from various synthesis temperatures has the size of nanoparticles in the range 37.32-49.27 nm. The nano-hydroxyapatite functional groups are characterized using FTIR, the analysis indicate the presence of OH, CO32‒ and PO43‒. The molar ratio Ca/P is obtained of 1.71 approaching theoretical hydroxyapatite of 1.67. The resulted nano-hydroxyapatite has significant antibacterial properties to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Jaranan Wood (Lannea coromandelica)-Derived Porous Carbon and its Performance for Anionic Surfactant Adsorption
Authors: Kurnia Shafira , Ariyanto Teguh , Prasetyo Imam
Published: April 2020

Alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS) is used widely in many industrial and commercial products as surfactants. However, their appearance could cause side effects when released to the environment without treatment. Adsorption method using porous carbon is one of the effective methods to reduce its presence in nature. The aim of this research is to investigate the characters and performances of new type of porous carbon of Jaranan wood carbon (Lannea coromandelica) for ABS removal. Commercial carbon from coconut shell was also used as a comparison. Porous carbons were characterized using scanning electron microscopy SEM and N2-sorption analyzer. From characterizations, Jaranan wood carbon obtained a higher specific surface area (ca. 1080 m2 g‒1) than the commercial one (ca. 974 m2 g‒1). In the ABS removal test, a lower temperature adsorption is more favorable. The performance of Jaranan wood carbon is comparable to that of commercial porous carbon with uptake capacity up to 3036 mg g‒1 carbon at 30 °C.
Effect of Varying Water-to-Powder Ratios on Compressive Strength and Porosity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Den Rethy , Dharmastiti Rini , Nuryono Nuryono , Yuliatun Leny , Widjijono Widjijono
Published: April 2020

The proportion of MTA powder and water is a common factor impacted on the properties of the material in clinical application. The purpose of this research was to determine the compressive strength and porosity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) mixed with varying water-to-powder (WP) ratios. ROOTDENT MTA was investigated. One gram of cement was mixed with 0.28, 0.33 or 0.40 grams of distilled water and was submerged either for 1, 7, or 28 days in the water. The chemical composition of un-hydrated MTA was characterized by X-ray fluorescence. Samples were carried out for compression and porosity test. ROOTDENT MTA was composed primarily of calcium, oxygen, and zirconium. Minor quantities of sodium, aluminum, and silicon were presented in the cement and lack of bismuth was found. The highest mean compressive strength value was MTA with 0.33 WP ratio submerged in the water for 28 days. The percentage of porosity increased as the WP ratio increased. The percentage of porosity submerged in the water for 7 and 28 days showed no significant differences while the lowest porosity was MTA with 1 day in the water.
Patch Film from Celullose Derivative Incorporating with Virgin Coconut Oil and its Physical and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Miksusanti Miksusanti , HERLINA HERLINA , Fithri Najma Annuria , Zulhijjah Zulhijjah
Published: April 2020

Preparation of mucoadhesive patch film containing Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been made as a medium to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This research was conducted to make patch film which meets the standard physical characteristic of patch mucoadhesive film. The physical characteristic is weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance resistance, swelling index and pH of the patch solution. The presence of fatty acids which trapped in patch was analyzed with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that the patch film has uniformity value of weights ranging from 0.04 to 0.17 g. The thickness of patch was 0.53 to 0.61 mm and have folding endurance resistance more than 300 times. Swelling index for each patch increase in the 5th minutes and decrease in the 10th minutes. The surface pH of the patch almost close to pH 7. GC-MS chromatogram showed that lauric acid (C8), meristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16) and linoleic acid (C18) were trapped in the patch. The patch film containing VCO can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans with inhibition zone of 157.30 ±1.088 mm2.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tyrosine as Reductor and Capping Agent
Authors: Saragih Desi Indriyani , Arifin Devita Cahyani Varin , Rusdiarso Bambang , Suyanta Suyanta , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: April 2020

Synthesis and stability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using tyrosine as a reducing and capping agent have been done. Synthesis of AgNPs was performed by mixing silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution as a precursor with tyrosine amino acid and heating it in a boiling water bath until characterized by the appearance of color change from colorless to yellow. Variations in pH, concentration, and reaction time affecting the formation of AgNPs were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometry in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm as the main device. The synthesis was successfully conducted at pH 11 for 45 min with the optimum tyrosine concentration was 3 mM for 0.5 mM AgNO3. The optimum mole ratio AgNO3 0.5 mM to tyrosine 3 mM was 1:6. TEM and PSA characterizations showed that the particle was a round shape and 29.5 nm is average size, respectively.
Effect of Nitro Group on Imidazole Derivative as Colorimetric Chemosensor for Amines
Authors: Afandi Trisno , Purwono Bambang , Haryadi Winarto
Published: April 2020

Chemosensor of imidazole derivative (4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol) (IMD-1) has been synthesized and tested for amines sensor. IMD-1 was synthesized from the reaction of 5-nitrovanillin, 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione (benzil), and ammonium acetate using reflux method. IMD-1 showed fast respond and color change from light orange to orange in naked eye compared with the imidazole derivative without nitro group (IMD-0). The IMD-1 could detect butylamine quantitatively with detection limit of 1.03 x 10-4 M.
Application of the CO2 Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in Detecting Ammonia Gas (NH3) in Liver Disease Patient’s Breath
Authors: Mitrayana Mitrayana , Maarif Muhamad Azhar , Wasono Mohammad Ali Joko , Ikhsan Mohammad Robikhul , Satriawan Mirza
Published: April 2020

Using a CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy with intracavity setup and multicomponent method we have done measurement on the ammonia, ehtylene and acetone gas concentrations in the breath of liver disease patients and in the healthy volunteers. The results of multicomponent analysis show that the average concentration of ammonia gas obtained from the breath of liver disease patients and healthy volunteers are (3.27 ± 0.75) and (1.34 ± 0.24) ppm, respectively. The highest and the lowest ammonia gas concentration of liver disease patients are 4.77 and 1.99 ppm. While, the highest and the lowest ammonia gas concentration of healthy volunteers are 1.89 and 1.08 ppm. For the ethylene and acetone concentrations, we found no significant difference between the average concentrations in the liver disease patients and in the healthy volunteers.
Effect of SWCNT Filler on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of PVA/CS/GA/SWCNT Nanocomposite Thin Film
Authors: Khoerunnisa Fitri , Septiani Esti , Hendrawan Hendrawan , Sonjaya Yaya
Published: April 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of SWCNT nanofiller on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of PVA/CS/GA nanocomposite film. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) are used as polymer matrix that crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA). Nanofiller SWCNT was inserted in a polymer composite matrix at different composition. The thin films were characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TG/DTA (Thermal Gravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis), sheet resistance, and tensile strength measurements. The results revealed that the addition of SWCNT notably increased the electrical conductivity of composite film from 1.2 x 10‒4 S.cm‒1 to 9 x10‒3 S cm‒1 as well as tensile strength and elongation 43 MPa to 62 MPa, 68% to 84%, respectively. The cross-sectional SEM images indicated that the conductive thin films have a layered structure where the insertion of SWCNT did not change their morphological structure significantly. Additionally, SWCNT improved the thermal stability of PVA/CS/GA nanocomposites thin film. These finding can be promising for the development of optoelectronic devices i.e. photovoltaic, emitting diodes, etc.
Effect of Stabilizing Agent of Sodium Citrate and Polyethylene Glycol on Structure of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Roto Roto , Izza Aqidatul , Kunarti Eko Sri , Suherman Suherman
Published: April 2020

Magnetic nanomaterials are studied extensively because of their wide range of possible applications. Synthesis of Fe3O4 with citrate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as stabilizing agents was carried out. In this study, the effect of media of water, sodium citrate and polyethylene glycol as stabilizing agents on the shape and size of Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles was investigated. The synthesis of Fe3O4, Fe3O4/citrate, and Fe3O4/PEG was carried out by the coprecipitation method at controlled pH. The products were characterized by infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Qualitative test of magnetism was also carried out on the three materials. The results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared with sodium citrate and PEG have a diameter of 12 and 10 nm, respectively. In the sodium citrate medium, it gives Fe3O4 colloidal nanoparticle with electrostatic stabilization mode, while in the PEG medium it shows steric stabilization mode. Magnetite produced in PEG medium has the homogeneous size and is much more stable than that obtained in citrate medium
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Glutamic Acid as a Reductor and Capping Agent
Authors: Nadhifah Naura , Pratita Wening Rara , Kunarti Eko Sri , Nuryono Nuryono , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: April 2020

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid [AuCl4]‒ and glutamic acid solution in a water bath at 80 °C. The reaction was confirmed by the color change from colorless solution into pink. Various concentrations of the glutamic acid solution, reaction times and pH were examined to determine the optimum condition of AuNPs synthesis. The AuNPs colloid was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at wavelength 350-800 nm, particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimum synthesis condition for obtained [AuCl4]‒ was 4 mM glutamic acid solution at pH 11 and 60 min reaction. TEM results showed that the particles were round in shape with the article size indicated by PSA was 40 nm.
Physicochemical Determination of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) from Chicken Eggshell
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Utomo Dwi Mardi , Zhorifah Herin Fikri Naufal , Permanasari Avita Ayu , Gayatri Rara Warih
Published: April 2020

To overcome the increased processing of eggshell waste in East Java, Indonesia, the important solution is to synthesize chicken eggshells into calcium carbonate. The process of synthesizing eggshells into calcium carbonate is carried out by a mechanochemical process using a ball milling machine for 10 h and the sintering time for 120 min at a temperature of 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The results of the eggshell synthesis were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, SEM, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR. Those characterizations aimed to obtain the result of phase identification, morphology, physicochemical, and functional group of calcium carbonate. From the phase identification, calcium carbonate obtained from eggshell sintered 1000 °C shows the single-phase triangular structure with agglomeration and spherical morphology. The physicochemical results show that phonon interaction of calcium carbonate obtained from eggshell sintered at 1200 °C has the highest intensity at Raman shift 1083 cm‒1 which indicates the C‒O symmetric stretching band. The functional group of calcium carbonate shows from FTIR results at 3642, 2987, 2508 cm‒1 for O‒H bond, and 1790, 1507 cm‒1 for C‒H bond, and 874, 712 cm‒1 for calcite bonds respectively.
Purification Method of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its Identification Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
Authors: sholikhah Umi Nur , Pranowo Deni , Arvianto Rizky Ibnufaatih , Sarmini Endang , Widyaningrum Triani
Published: April 2020

The development of nanotechnology applications is rapidly growing in many sectors. One of them is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which are metal nanoparticles that play an important role, especially in nanomedicine. The most effective method of purifying to obtain stable AgNPs is very important to study. Experiments on the separation of AgNPs have been carried out using the size exclusion chromatography and centrifugation methods to see the effectiveness of refining the two methods. This experiment begins with the synthesis of AgNPs using the chemical reduction method. Then, the synthesized AgNPs were purified by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and centrifugation method then analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the maximum peaks before and after purification. The experimental results were obtained that centrifugation methods and SEC having the same effectiveness in refining AgNPs. The centrifugation method at various speed (0, 3000, 6000, 9000, 12000 and 15000 rpm) gave wavelength results 403, 404, 404, 405, 404, and 404 nm. The SEC method using Sephadex-25 column showed the 4th to 8th fractions gave the maximum wavelength 404, 404, 404, 405, and 404 nm, respectively. The maximum wavelength of both methods showed the surface plasmon resonance characteristic of AgNPs. However, centrifugation at 3000 rpm has better homogeneity than SEC method.
Sonicated-Assisted Acid Treatment of Mordenite Using Acetic Acid
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Trisunaryanti Wega , Yusniyanti Febi
Published: April 2020

Acid treatment of mordenite was conducted using acetic acid to increase the Si/Al ratio. The acid treatment of mordenite by acetic acid was performed using sonication. The various time of treatments was used to investigate the effect of sonication in acid treatment of mordenite. Mordenite and all samples after treatment were characterized by ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and ammonia adsorption to measure their acidity. The Si/Al ratio of mordenite was increased from 11.33 to 17.31, 19.47, and 20.58 respectively for 3, 6, and 9 h of sonication. This result was supported by the T‒O bond vibration of samples which shift to higher wavenumber. The increase of the Si/Al ratio was followed by the decrease of acidity. The XRD test result revealed partial loss of mordenite framework after acid treatment. The results indicated that the sonication method can be used for acid treatment of mordenite.
Characteristics of Bamboo Particleboard Bonded with Citric Acid-Starch Using Three-Step Press Cycle Method
Authors: Aini Erlina Nurul , Widyorini Ragil , Prayitno Tibertius Agus , Setyayunita Tamaryska
Published: April 2020

In an attempt to reduce the use of a formaldehyde-based adhesive that is dangerous for both human health and environment, several studies had been done to develop particleboard with natural bio-based adhesives. Between those bio-based adhesives that have been investigated, the combination of citric acid-starch was potential to be developed further as an adhesive to particleboard. In this research, the effect of starch addition and press temperature on the properties of bamboo particleboard were evaluated. This research uses a combination of citric acid/starch with the composition weight ratio of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 and press temperature of 160, 180 and 200 °C. The manufacture of particleboard also used a three-step press cycle method which has not been done before in Petung bamboo particleboard production. The result showed that the three-press cycle method used in this research was able to produce a board with excellent properties than board produced by single-step press cycle method. This showed that the manufacture of the board in this research was more efficient to produce citric acid-starch bonded particleboard than previous method being used. The results also showed that both the addition of starch and the increase of press temperature especially improved bamboo particleboard mechanical properties. The board with the optimum properties resulted from particleboard with citric acid/starch adhesive with the composition weight ratio of 80/20 and press temperature of 180 °C which could meet JIS A 5908 (2003) type 18 requirement.
Effect of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Addition as Catalyst on the Curing Maltodextrin Adhesives Properties
Authors: Dewi Greitta Kusuma , Widyorini Ragil , Lukmandaru Ganis
Published: April 2020

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is expected to be an effective catalyst to increase the water-resistance and hasten the curing speed of maltodextrin as wood adhesives. This research investigated the effect of ADP addition on the curing maltodextrin properties. The ratio of maltodextrin/ADP was 100/0 and 90/10 wt%. The heat treatment was 180-220 °C for 10 min. The water-resistance improvement and the chemical changes were analyzed using insoluble matter rate against boiling water and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, respectively. The thermal behavior of the dried mixture of adhesives was also analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis at room temperature until 400 °C. The results showed that the water-resistance properties of maltodextrin increased with the addition of 10 wt% ADP and increasing the heating temperature. FTIR analysis detected a high water-resistant substance of furan in the adhesives with maltodextrin/ADP ratio 90/10 wt% and heat treatment of 220 °C for 10 min. DSC analysis showed that ADP addition can hasten the reaction of maltodextrin as the endotherm peak temperature was shifted from 272 to 204 °C.
Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions on Dithizone-Immobilized Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Fitriana Dina , Mudasir Mudasir , Siswanta Dwi
Published: April 2020

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto selective adsorbent of dithizone-immobilized coal fly ash (DCFA) from Holcim, Cilacap, Indonesia has been investigated in batch experiments. Prepared coal fly ash (CFA) modified by immobilization of dithizone previously were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Several parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of ions on the efficiency of the adsorption were studied. The optimum condition of Pb(II) adsorption was found at pH 5, adsorbent dosage 0.1 g, contact time 60 min and initial Pb(II) ions concentration of 60 mg L–1. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) ions on DCFA was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir model. Kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies suggest that the capacity and affinity of the DCFA in adsorbing Pb(II) ions is significantly improved compared to those of non-immobilized activated coal fly ash (ACFA).
Managing bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with semiochemicals
Authors: Seybold Steven J. , Fettig Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

On 14 November 2018, a symposiumManaging bark and ambrosia beetles with semiochemicalswas held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the Joint Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia. The focus was on the application of behavioural chemicals for management of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in conifers and hardwoods in North America and Europe. Contributors included nine invited speakers from Canada, Slovakia, and the United States of America who summarised the current state of knowledge and latest technologies and shared career-long experiences and insights. This special issue features publications derived from those presentations.
The effect of the laparoscopic insemination technique on the oestrous cycle of the ewe
Authors: Taljaard T. L. , Terblanche S. J. , Bertschinger H. J. , Van Vuuren L. J.
Published: April 2020

This investigation was designed to determine whether or not the technique of intrauterine insemination affects the length of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Dorper ewes (n=31) were divided into treatment and control groups. All the ewes were synchronised using 40 mg fluorogestone acetate intravaginal sponges for 14 d and 300 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin on the day of sponge removal. A standard semen diluent was deposited laparoscopically in each uterine horn of ewes in the treatment, group. Teaser rams were used to detect oestrus. Progesterone profiles were used to confirm oestrus. The mean oestrous cycle length of 17,83 ± 0,69 d for the group in which the diluent was deposited by laparoscopy did not differ significantly (P0,l) from the 18,36±2,11 d of the control group. The technique of laparoscopic insemination did not influence the length of subsequent oestrous cycles.
Overberg research projects. X. The epidemiology of helminths in ewes and lambs in the southern Cape Province during autumn
Authors: Louw J. P. , Reinecke R. K.
Published: April 2020

Nematode parasite burdens of ewes grazing on grass/lucerne pasture, increased 58-fold after the first autumn rains in the southern Cape Province. Lambs were infected before the age of 8 weeks and harboured large burdens of nematode parasites before the age of 14 weeks. Oestrus ovis infections were present in 96% of the ewes, while 92% of the lambs above the age of 3 weeks were infected. Anthelmintic treatments in autumn, winter and spring are recommended for controlling parasites of sheep in this region.
Bundles on
with vanishing lower cohomologies
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan
Published: April 2020

We study bundles on projective spaces that have vanishing lower cohomologies using their short minimal free resolutions. We partition the moduli
$\mathcal{M}$
according to the Hilbert function H and classify all possible Hilbert functions H of such bundles. For each H, we describe a stratification of

$\mathcal{M}_H$
by quotients of rational varieties. We show that the closed strata form a graded lattice given by the Betti numbers.
Sintonización y comparación de conceptos de diseño aplicando la optimalidad de Pareto. Un caso de estudio del biorreactor de Cholette
Authors: Torralba-Morales L.M. , Reynoso-Meza G. , Carrillo-Ahumada J.
Published: April 2020

El control lineal PI(D) y sus variantes, son estructuras de control (conceptos de diseño) que actualmente se siguen utilizando en procesos industriales. La elección de una estructura de control sobre otra reside en el intercambio de prestaciones entre complejidad y rendimiento. Dado que este intercambio de prestaciones normalmente estará en conflicto, un análisis desde el punto de vista multiobjetivo puede ser de interés. Desde tal perspectiva, se analizan frentes de Pareto de diferentes conceptos de diseño, con lo que se realiza una comparación global y no puntual de tales conceptos. En este trabajo se plantea una propuesta metodológica para dicha comparación en diferentes etapas. La primera, fue establecer una región de estabilidad. En la segunda etapa se consideró la región de estabilidad como espacio de búsqueda para el proceso de optimización multiobjetivo calculando un conjunto y frente de Pareto. En la tercera etapa se realizó un análisis multicriterio de los frentes de Pareto, junto con la simulación en el dominio del tiempo para las señales de salida y de control. Como caso de estudio para validar la propuesta se ha elegido el biorreactor de Cholette que presenta diferentes condiciones de operación. La metodología propuesta permite una mejor comprensión de una solución conceptual, justifica y determina el uso de un concepto de diseño cumpliendo así con las necesidades del diseñador.
Sobre la mejora esperada de la estimación de la odometría en Exploración Integrada
Authors: Toriz Palacios A. , Sánchez López A.
Published: April 2020

El problema de Exploración integrada es la nueva tendencia en la construcción de mapas de ambientes desconocidos; en ella, se integra el viejo paradigma de la localización y mapeo simultáneos (SLAM) con la planificación de movimientos necesarios, para que esta tarea sea realizada de forma autónoma. Sin embargo, aunque el control de movimientos es una parte esencial de este paradigma, los trabajos encontrados en la literatura se han limitado a desarrollar estrategias que mejoren los tiempos de recorridos y la cobertura del ambiente, dejado de lado el impacto que estos puede tener sobre la odometría del robot y, en consecuencia, sobre los requerimientos de los algoritmos de localización. De lo anterior, en este documento se presenta una nueva forma eficiente de exploración de ambientes para el problema de SLAM, que tiene como objetivo mejorar los tiempos de exploración y maximizar la cobertura del área de trabajo, pero además el de minimizar el error odométrico acumulado para simplificar el proceso de localización.
Identificación de sistemas de primer y segundo orden mediante control basado en reset
Authors: Zaragoza S. , Sanchez J. , Baños A.
Published: April 2020

El artículo presenta un método para la identificación de plantas de primer y segundo orden con retardo usando controladores reseteados en ausencia de perturbaciones. El método se basa en el cumplimiento del principio de equilibrio armónico, lo que implica el uso de una aproximación del controlador reseteado mediante su función descriptiva. Para la realización de este trabajo se ha elegido el controlador FORE (First Order Reset Element) con banda de reset porque es el controlador reseteado que posee todas las características intrínsecas de este tipo de controladores y presenta una función descriptiva que depende de la amplitud y frecuencia de la señal sinusoidal de su entrada. Por otro lado, el que el comportamiento de este controlador dependa de la anchura de la banda de reset que se haya fijado permite estudiar el impacto de este parámetro en el proceso de identificación y en su precisión.