bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpedicular graft using a titanium mesh cage in a patient with lumbar scoliosis associated with a congenital butterfly vertebra
Authors: Cui Guanyu , Watanabe Kota , Ishii Ken , Toyama Yoshiaki , Chiba Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Morio
Published: January 2011

A butterfly vertebra is a congenital anomaly often associated with a series of syndromic diseases and is often recognized incidentally without any presenting symptoms. The authors report the case of a 13-year-old girl with lumbar scoliosis and mild spondylolisthesis associated with a butterfly vertebra at L-6 causing radiculopathy. The L-5 and L-6 nerve roots were entrapped at the intervertebral foramina between L-5 and the butterfly vertebra (L-6) and between L-6 and S-1 in the concave side. To decompress and preserve the two nerve roots, correct the deformity, and obtain a solid bone fusion, surgery involving the thorough removal of the facet joints between L-5 and L-6 and between L-6 and S-1 in the concave side was performed, with a partial resection of the butterfly vertebra and the placement of a titanium mesh cage between the L-5 and S-1 pedicles dorsal to the nerve roots. Complete pain relief and correction of the deformity with solid bone fusion was obtained after a 2-year follow-up period.
Adequacy of herniated disc tissue as a cell source for nucleus pulposus regeneration
Authors: Hegewald Aldemar A. , Endres Michaela , Abbushi Alexander , Cabraja Mario , Woiciechowsky Christian , Schmieder Kirsten , Kaps Christian , Thomé Claudius
Published: January 2011

Object

The object of this study was to characterize the regenerative potential of cells isolated from herniated disc tissue obtained during microdiscectomy. The acquired data could help to evaluate the feasibility of these cells for autologous disc cell transplantation.

Methods

From each of 5 patients (mean age 45 years), tissue from the nucleus pulposus compartment as well as from herniated disc was obtained separately during microdiscectomy of symptomatic herniated lumbar discs. Cells were isolated, and in vitro cell expansion for cells from herniated disc tissue was accomplished using human serum and fibroblast growth factor-2. For 3D culture, expanded cells were loaded in a fibrin-hyaluronan solution on polyglycolic acid scaffolds for 2 weeks. The formation of disc tissue was documented by histological staining of the extracellular matrix as well as by gene expression analysis of typical disc marker genes.

Results

Cells isolated from herniated disc tissue showed significant signs of dedifferentiation and degeneration in comparison with cells from tissue of the nucleus compartment. With in vitro cell expansion, further dedifferentiation with distinct suppression of major matrix molecules, such as aggrecan and Type II collagen, was observed. Unlike in previous reports of cells from the nucleus compartment, the cells from herniated disc tissue showed only a weak redifferentiation process in 3D culture. However, propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate staining documented that 3D assembly of these cells in polyglycolic acid scaffolds allows prolonged culture and high viability.

Conclusions

Study results suggested a very limited regenerative potential for cells harvested from herniated disc tissue. Further research on 2 major aspects in patient selection is suggested before conducting reasonable clinical trials in this matter: 1) diagnostic strategies to predict the regenerative potential of harvested cells at a radiological or cell biology level, and 2) clinical assessment strategies to elucidate the metabolic state of the targeted disc.
Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability In Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ahmed Matia , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina
Published: January 2011

Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the common clinical problems with high incidence in women particularly in older age. It has profound effect on metabolic processes in almost all tissue of the body and heart is particularly sensitive to thyroid hormone action. Power spectral analysis (PSA)is useful to determine the cardiac autonomic regulation by assessing sympathovagal balance. Objectives: To assess the cardiac autonomic nervous activity by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in patients with hypothyroidism.Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2009 on 60 female patients of 30-50 years with hypothyroidism (group B). For comparison, 30 age sex matched apparently healthy euthyroid subjects (group A) were also studied. Based on treatment, hypothyroid patients were divided into B1 (patients on their 1st day of diagnosis, before starting of treatment) and B2 (patients with medication for 12-18 months). The patients were selected from the Out Patients Department of Endocrinology, BSMMU. Serum TSH and FT4 levels of all subjects were measured by AxSYM system. To perform power spectral analysis of HRV Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), LF norms (nu), HF norms (nu) and LF/HF ratio were assessed by a Polyrite. For statistical analysis of data, Independent Sample t test, One Way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were done as applicable.Results: The mean serum TSH (38.16 vs2.18; 2.04) was significantly higher and FT4 (5.12vs 15.13; 15.08) was significantly lower (p<0.001) in group B1 than those of group A and B2. The mean values of all the spectral parameters of HRV in euthyroid subjects were within normal range. In untreated hypothyroid patients the mean values of TP (77.11vs2702.87; 2683.73), HF power (56.68 vs 342.02; 437.34) HF nu (24.79 vs 36.35; 34.55) were found significantly (p<0.001) lower LF/HF (1.7±0.3,3.16±.84 and 1.93±.58) and LF nu (75.32 vs 63.71, and 65.90) were significantly (p<0.001) higher and in comparison to both euthyroids and treated patients. Conclusion: Alteration in cardiac autonomic nervous activity characterized by reduced vagal modulation and higher sympathetic activity may occur in the hypothyroid patients.Keywords: HRV; LF HF LF/HF Hypothyroidism DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6777J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 53-59
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) status in Female Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with HbA1C
Authors: Akter Nadira , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: January 2011

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may be one of the risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To observe erythrocyte G6PD status in type 2 female diabetic patients and also to find out its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka from January to December 2009. For this, 60 female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, age ranged from 40 to 60 years were included in the study group (group B). On the basis of glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1C) they were further subdivided into group B1, consisting of 30 controlled diabetics (HbA1C 4.8-6%) and group B2, consisting of 30 uncontrolled diabetic (HbA1C>6%) patients. They were selected from Out Patient Department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Science Hospital. For comparison, age & sex matched 30 apparently healthy non diabetic females (group A) were also studied. Erythrocyte G6PD level was measured by Spectrophotometer, HbA1C level by Flex reagent cartridge and serum bilirubin, Hb%, total count of RBC and reticulocyte% were measured by standard laboratory techniques. For statistical analysis ANOVA, independent sample t test, χ2 test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable. Results: In this study, erythrocyte G6PD level was significantly lower in both the diabetic groups (p <0.001) than those of control group but their difference when compared between B1 and B2 was not statistically significant. In controlled diabetics 20% and in uncontrolled diabetics 6.7% patients were found G6PD deficients. No G6PD deficient subjects were found in control group. HbA1C showed negative correlation with Erythrocyte G6PD which was only significant for uncontrolled diabetes (p < 0.05) Conclusion: This study concludes that G6PD deficiency may be one of the risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus irrespective of blood glucose control status.Key words: Glucose-6-PD; Diabetes; Female.DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6778J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 60-65
Serum Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride Status in Female Athletes
Authors: Akther Dilruba , Amin Ruhul , Begum US Naima , Akhter Najneen , Habib Nasrin , Islam Montasir , Rahman Abidur
Published: January 2011

Background: Exercise plays a role in preventing cardiovascular disease as well as other serious health problems. Objectives: A cross sectional comparative study was performed to observe the changes in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in apparently healthy female athletes. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from July 2005 to June 2006. For this, 30 female athletes aged 17 to 38 years (experimental) who were under regular physical exercise training for at least two years and age matched 30 healthy female non athletes (control) for comparison were selected. Fasting serum Triglyceride and total Cholesterol levels of all the subjects were measured. Data were compared between athletes and non athletes and analyzed statistically by unpaired 't' test. Results: Mean±SD cholesterol levels were 141.10 ±14.46 & 165.10±7.03 and Mean±SD Triglyceride levels were 76.10±11.54 & 96.60±17.02 in athletes and non athletes respectively. Serum total cholesterol (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.01) were significantly lower; in athletes compared to those of non athlets. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides may be lowered in athletes. Key words: Female athletes; Cholesterol; Triglyceride. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6780J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 71-74
Sympathetic Nerve Function Status in Follicular and Late Luteal Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Young Women
Authors: Choudhury Rama , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Akter Rezina , Khanum Ayesha Akhter
Published: January 2011

Background: Autonomic nerve function status may be changed during follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle due to fluctuations of serum estrogen and progesterone level. Objective: To observe the sympathetic nerve function status during follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle and their relationships with serum estrogen and progesterone in healthy young womens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009.A total number of thirty (30) apparently healthy unmarried women with age ranged from 20-25 years were investigated. Two simple autonomic nerve function tests, like fall of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on standing and rise of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during handgrip were done to assess sympathetic activity. Serum estrogen and progesterone levels were also measured by AxSYM method. All these tests were performed in both follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle. Data were analysed by paired student’s ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: Mean resting heart rate was significantly (p<0.01) increased in late luteal phase than that of follicular phase. Mean resting systolic blood pressure was significantly (p<0.01) increased and resting diastolic blood pressure was non-significantly increased in late luteal phase than those of follicular phase. Again, significantly (p<0.05) increased value of fall of systolic blood pressure after standing from lying and non-significant increased value of rise in diastolic blood pressure after sustained handgrip were observed in late luteal phase. The mean value of serum estrogen was non-significantly and serum progesterone was significantly (p<0.001) increased in late luteal phase than those of follicular phase. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that sympathetic activity is increased in late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, increased sympathetic activity during late luteal phase might be the cause of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in some women. Key words: Sympathetic nerve functions; progesterone. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6782J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 80-88
FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in Patients with Depressive Illness and their Relationships with the level of Depression
Authors: Islam Shausheen , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Akter Rezina
Published: January 2011

Background: Depressive illness is a common psychological disorder which affects various organs including lungs. Many studies have reflected decreased lung functions in patients with depressive illness. Objective: The present study was undertaken to measure some pulmonary function parameters in diagnosed female patients with depressive illness to evaluate their lung functions status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, SSMC, Mitford, Dhaka, from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010 on 30 female patients with depressive illness, age ranged from 20- 40 years. Depressed patients (study group) were divided into patients with minor depressive illness (group-B1) and patients with major depressive illness (group- B2). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (control group-A) were also studied. The study groups were selected from the Out Patient Department of Psychiatry, SSMC, Mitford, Dhaka and the control group was selected by personal contact. Pulmonary function parameters like FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, of all subjects were measured by digital spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate method as applicable. Results: All the pulmonary function parameters except FEV1/FVC% were significantly (p<0.001) lower in patients with depressive illness in comparison to those of control. Again, pulmonary function parameters like FVC (p<0.01), FEV1 (p<0.05) showed significant negative correlation with the level of depression in patients with major depressive illness. Conclusion: This study reveals that some pulmonary functions may be reduced in patients with depressive illness especially in major depressive patients which is negatively related with level of depression. Key words: FVC; FEV1; depressive illness.DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6784 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 94-100
Bioequivalence of Two Intravenous Artesunate Products with Its Active Metabolite Following Single and Multiple Injections
Authors: Li Qigui , Xie Lisa , Melendez Victor , Weina Peter
Published: January 2011

In animal species and humans, artesunate (AS) undergoes extensive and complex biotransformation to an active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin (DHA). The bioequivalence of two intravenous AS pharmaceutical products with 5% NaHCO3 (China Formulation) or 0.3 M PBS (WRAIR Formulation) was determined in rats in a two-formulation, two-period, and two-sequence crossover experimental design. Following single and multiple intravenous administrations, a series of blood samples was collected by using an automated blood sampler and drug concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The 90% CI of the difference between the two intravenous formulations was contained within 80–125% of the geometric mean of pharmacokinetic parameters for AS and DHA in all animals dosed. Hematological effects were studied on days 1 and 3 after the final dosing, and a rapidly reversible hematological toxicity (significant reductions in reticulocyte levels) was seen in the peripheral blood of the rats treated with each formulation. The results showed that bioequivalence with the parent compound and active metabolite was fulfilled in the 82.3–117.7% ranges of all parameters (AUC0–t, Cmax, concentration average and degree of fluctuation) in the two-period and two-sequence crossover studies following single and repeated intravenous injections. For the metabolite, the equivalence was satisfied in most pharmacokinetic parameters tested due to the variability in the hydrolysis rate of AS to DHA. The WRAIR formulation of AS was considered to be bioequivalent to the Chinese formulation at steady-state according to the total drug exposure, in terms of both parent drug and active metabolite, rapidly reversal in reticulocyte decline, and extension of single and multiple administrations. Therefore, the parent drug and active metabolites should play similar important roles in the determination of efficacy and safety of the drug.
Partially Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(ether amide) Fuel Cell Membranes: Influence of Chemical Structure on Membrane Properties
Authors: Chang Ying , Lee Yeong-Beom , Bae Chulsung
Published: January 2011

A series of fluorinated sulfonated poly (ether amide)s (SPAs) were synthesized for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. A polycondensation reaction of 4,4’-oxydianiline, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt, and tetrafluorophenylene dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic and isophthalic) or fluoroaliphatic dicarboxylic acids produced SPAs with sulfonation degrees of 80–90%. Controlling the feed ratio of the sulfonated and unsulfonated dicarboxylic acid monomers afforded random SPAs with ion exchange capacities between 1.7 and 2.2 meq/g and good solubility in polar aprotic solvents. Their structures were characterized using NMR and FT IR spectroscopies. Tough, flexible, and transparent films were obtained with dimethylsulfoxide using a solution casting method. Most SPA membranes with 90% sulfonation degree showed high proton conductivity (>100 mS/cm) at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity. Among them, two outstanding ionomers (ODA-STA-TPA-90 and ODA-STA-IPA-90) showed proton conductivity comparable to that of Nafion 117 between 40 and 80 °C. The influence of chemical structure on the membrane properties was systematically investigated by comparing the fluorinated polymers to their hydrogenated counterparts. The results suggest that the incorporation of fluorinated moieties in the polymer backbone of the membrane reduces water absorption. High molecular weight and the resulting physical entanglement of the polymers chains played a more important role in improving stability in water, however.
Satellite-Observed Urbanization Characters in Shanghai, China: Aerosols, Urban Heat Island Effect, and Land–Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Jin Menglin S. , Kessomkiat Wittaya , Pereira Gary
Published: January 2011

Urbanization reflects how human-activities affect natural climate system. Accurately assessing the urban system by comparing it with the nearby rural regions helps to identify the impacts of urbanization. This work uses the recent satellite observed aerosol, skin temperature, land cover, albedo, cloud fraction and water vapor measurements to reveal how the city of Shanghai, one of the biggest, dense urban areas in East Asia, affects land surface and atmosphere conditions. In addition, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ground observations from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is also used to reveal diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations of the heavy aerosol load over Shanghai region. Furthermore, Shanghai reduces surface albedo, total column water vapor, cloud fraction and increases land skin temperature than rural region. These observations prove that Shanghai significantly modifies local and regional land surface physical properties as well as physical processes, which lead to the urban heat island effect (UHI).
Los escritores de la Restauración y las polémicas literarias del siglo XIX en España
Authors: López Mariano
Published: January 2011

Las últimas décadas del siglo xix representan un período agitado a la vez que fecundo en la literatura española. La polémica de los 80 en torno al naturalismo literario no es más que la lógica consecuencia de las polémicas sobre el idealismo y el realismo, así como sobre el arte docente y el arte por el arte de la década precedente. Frente a los que por prejuicios políticos o literarios radicalizan sus posiciones en estas cuestiones, forman grupo aparte los que como Pardo Bazán, « Clarín » y Galdós — el de las novelas contemporáneas — emplean con ventaja y de una manera muy original las nuevas técnicas del naturalismo francés, a la vez que manifiestan un decidido propósito de conciliar la necesidad de cambio con el mantenimiento de la tradición literaria nacional.
A propos d'une nouvelle édition des Nombres de Cristo
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Commentaire de la récente édition des «Nombres de Cristo» par M. Cristóbal Cuevas García. Intérêt de cette édition. Rectifications qu'elle apporte aux éditions antérieures.
La rêverie unamunienne à travers Paz en la Guerra
Authors: Colonge C
Published: January 2011

Importance de la rêverie dans le roman (rêverie des personnages, rêverie de l'auteur à travers ses personnages) ; sources de la rêverie ; ses dangers et sa possible utilité.
Los conceptos « França » y « Espanya » en el pensamiento literario y jurídico-político de Francesc de Eiximedis (c. 1340-1409)
Authors: Peláez M.J.
Published: January 2011

Reflexión analítica sobre un aspecto significativo del pensamiento de Francisco de Eiximenis : su concepto juridico-político de los términos Franca y Espanya dentro de la societas christiana mundial. Incidencia pormenorizada en el orden jerárquico de dignidades temporales de los reinos cristianos occidentales.
La première traduction du « Lazarillo » : les éditions de 1560 et 1561
Authors: Rumeau Aristide
Published: January 2011

. — B. Hi., LXXXII, nos 3-4, p. 362-379.

L'édition originale de la première traduction du Lazarillo, Lyon, 1560, représentée par un exemplaire unique et jusqu'à maintenant peu accessible, est pratiquement inconnue. On admettait sans examen que l'édition parisienne de 1561, en dépit d'un titre différent, en était une réplique fidèle. De la confrontation des deux éditions, il résulte que la seconde est une copie frauduleuse, déguisée et maladroitement retouchée de la première. Revenant au seul texte authentique, on montre que la traduction suit uniquement le texte d'Anvers-Simon 1555, ce qui laisse intact le problème des éditions hypothétiques antérieures à 1554.
Mateo Alemán et la modernité
Authors: Cavillac Michel
Published: January 2011

Contre l'impressionnisme d'une critique obstinée à présenter l'auteur du Guzmán de Alfarache sous les traits d'un pessimiste endurci, esclave du conservatisme aristocratique, cet article prétend démontrer, à partir d'une analyse de VOrtografia castellana, que Mateo Alemán se situait, au contraire, dans la tradition viviste d'un rationalisme chrétien militant en faveur des innovations « bourgeoises » ; discours moderniste que nous retrouvons, médiatisé par la théologie paulinienne de VHomo Novus, dans la « fable » autobiographique du Picaro /Atalaya.
Une réflexion sur « El remedio en la desdicha » de Lope de Vega
Authors: Picoche Jean-Louis
Published: January 2011

Cette comedia a été écrite en deux temps. Elle comporte deux actions indépendantes l'une de l'autre, qui peuvent fort bien correspondre à chacune des deux rédactions.
Alberto Porqueras-Mayo, Traducciones hispano-francesas de los siglosXVI y XVII en la biblioteca de la Universidad de Illinois
Authors: Laurenti J.L.
Published: January 2011

On présente la collection des traductions hispano-françaises; soit un total de soixante-huit unités bibliographiques, de la bibliothèque de l'Université de Plllinois, à Urbana.

La plupart de ces éditions sont de grande importance et constituent des raretés. De certaines on ne connaît que très peu d'exemplaires. On signale deux éditions totalement inconnues : Antonio de Guevara, Du mespris de la court... (Lyon, Chés Estienne Dolet, 1543) et Luis Vives, Les dialogues... (Paris, pour Gabriel Buon, 1564).
El redescubrimiento de Fr. Luis de León en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Mestre Sanchis Antonio
Published: January 2011

Se dedica un extenso estudio al redescubrimiento de las obras de fray Luis de León en 1761, tras un olvido más que secular. En 1761, Vicente Blasco y Gregorio Mayáns se proponían reeditar los escritos de fray Luis, que a partir de esta fecha, iban a inspirar a los poetas, volviendo a dar una savia nueva y antigua a la vez al sentimiento religioso más acendrado.

En apéndice se reproduce la voluminosa correspondencia de Blasco y Mayáns sobre el tema tratado.
En torno a Vicente Huidobro
Authors: Araya Guillermo
Published: January 2011

Le présent article est inspiré par une publication récente consacrée à ce grand poète chilien. Il distingue quelques-uns des aspects de son œuvre poétique et, pour Altazor en particulier, analyse et rappelle le précédent Alsino de Pedro Prado, l'origine verbale du protagoniste du poème et du poème lui-même (Altazur > Altazor), et la présence du parachute, fossilisé dans ce poème, dont la conservation s'explique par la genèse de ce même poème. L'article apporte également quelques précisions sur le créationisme, sur la place de Finis Britannia dans l'œuvre de Huidobro et sur l'amitié/ rivalité de celui-ci avec Neruda.
Comedia clásica y novela moderna en las Escenas matritenses de Mesonero Romanos
Authors: Sebold R.P.
Published: January 2011

Malgré les avis de certains critiques récents, les articles de mœurs du genre le plus typiquement cultivé par Mesonero Romanos représentent un trait d'union indispensable entre le roman réaliste et l'essai de mœurs du xvme siècle, d'une part, et le roman réaliste de la seconde moitié du xix« siècle, d'autre part. Les théories des écrivains de ces trois moments historiques sur l'observation de détails menus de la réalité et ses techniques pour les reproduire (et il faudrait inclure aussi les auteurs des comédies de mœurs néoclassiques), ce sont au fond les mêmes. Galdós reconnaît Mesonero comme son maître, bien que la critique ait presque nié cette influence. L'auteur des Escenas matritenses procure aux romanciers de la deuxième moitié de son propre siècle des techniques essentielles pour la création des personnages principaux aussi bien que des secondaires et pour la représentation des ambiances, et il prévoit même plusieurs techniques et concepts philosophiques d'Azorin au xx« siècle, autre parallèle qui est étudié dans le présent article.
Las perdidas Cartas turcas de Meléndez Valdés
Authors: Deacon Philip
Published: January 2011

Las Cartas turcas son una obra narrativa de Juan Mélendez Valdés de la que hasta ahora sólo se conocía la primera carta. Este artículo da a luz las versiones desconocidas de las dos primeras cartas tal como aparecieron en 1787 en las revistas madrileñas Diario de Madrid y Correo de Madrid. Inspiradas por las Cartas marruecas, las Cartas turcas revelan una mayor elaboración novelesca que la obra de Cadalso, pareciéndose más a las Lettres Persanes de Montesquieu. La evidencia de estos textos en los que Meléndez contrasta los puntos de vista de un turco en España y su mujer recluida en su harén en Constantinopla hacer lamentar la pérdida del resto de la obra.
Origine grecque de Marica?
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Un passage de Plutarque dans sa biographie du général athénien Nicias permet de supposer que le terme "marica" est d'origine grecque.
En el crisol de la prosa literaria de Alfonso X : unas huellas de preocupación estilística en las versiones del relato de Dido
Authors: Impey O.
Published: January 2011

L'étude de la version castillane de l'épître de Didon, incluse dans le manuscrit royal Y-l-2 de l'Histoire d'Espagne par Alphonse X et dans quelques manuscrits plus tardifs (Y-ii-11 de l'Escurial ; Q 5795 de la Bibliothèque nationale de Madrid ; N 2063 de la Bibliothèque du Palais Royal ; To 104 de la Bibliothèque publique de Tolède) révèle certaines différences qui prouvent que ces derniers ne sont pas des copies du premier comme l'affirme la critique. Au contraire, les lectures que les manuscrits tardifs proposent, plus fidèles aux sources latines, nous permettent de déduire que ceux-ci dérivent d'une version primitive, antérieure à la version royale, plus ample et d'un style plutôt lourd, qu'on aurait élaguée avant de la copier dans le manuscrit Y-L-2. Les modifications sont les suivantes : l'élimination d'un exponimiento qui mentionnait le nom de l'auteur, l'emploi littéraire du récit, sa qualitas élégiaque et le procédé rhétorique ; l'addition de brèves explications, parfois emphatiques, en accord avec le souci d'émouvoir le lecteur qui caractérise le roi Alphonse ; la substitution de mots impropres ou vagues par d'autres plus poétiques et plus précis et, finalement, certains changements qui visent à accroître l'harmonie de la phrase.

Dévoilées par la comparaison des variantes manuscrites, ces différences confirment l'opinion qu'il y aurait eu deux versions distinctes de la première partie de l'Histoire d'Espagne. En même temps, les coupures mettent en relief le fait que les meilleures pages d'Alphonse le Savant, parmi lesquelles nous pouvons compter l'épître à Didon, témoignent d'un effort stylistique conscient, de l'authentique recherche d'un style précis, clair et soigné.
Una nueva crónica de Enrique IV. La « Historia del sserenisimo rey D. Henrique Qvarto » de Fray Jerónimo de la Cruz
Authors: Labandeira Fernández A
Published: January 2011

Esta crónica inédita es, como la Crónica de Enrique IV de Diego Enrí- quez del Castillo, muy favorable al rey Enrique, mientras que en la obra de Alfonso de Palencia, intitulada primero Décadas y en el memorial de diversas hazañas de Mosén Diego de Valera son muy hostiles. Se estudia el texto de esta crónica inédita, enumerando los principales puntos en los que se opone a las requisitorias de Alfonso de Palencia y Mosén Diego de Valera, señalando además interesantes detalles que en ella se encuentran respecto a unos lugares donde acontecieron importantes episodios.
Les seigneuries episcopales espagnoles : origine et importance
Authors: Blázquez Garbajosa A
Published: January 2011

Étant donné l'absence d'études sur les Seigneuries Episcopales espagnoles, la finalité et l'intérêt de notre article consiste à donner une vision historique globale de leur importance, ainsi qu'à poser les problèmes essentiels concernant leur création, leur définition, leur classification, leurs similitudes et différences, etc. Nous essayons de donner un début de réponse à ces questions. v
Identification and synthesis of impurities formed during sertindole preparation
Authors: Sunil Kumar I V , Anjaneyulu G S R , Hima Bindu V
Published: January 2011

Sertindole (1), an atypical anti-psychotic drug is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. During the laboratory optimization and later during its bulk synthesis the formation of various impurities was observed. The impurities formed were monitored and their structures were tentatively assigned on the basis of their fragmentation patterns in LC-MS. Most of the impurities were synthesized and their assigned constitutions confirmed by co-injection in HPLC. We describe herein the formation, synthesis and characterization of these impurities. Our study will be of immense help to others to obtain chemically pure sertindole.
L'Arlequin de Marie-Clotilde
Authors: Fabre Nicole
Published: January 2011

Après avoir rappelé comment, selon Freud, fonctionne le travail du rêve, l’auteur prend appui sur le rôle du déguisement dans les formations oniriques, notamment dans le rêve éveillé. C’est à travers quelques séances de la cure de Marie-Clotilde que nous verrons surgir une figure masquée, un Arlequin dont l’identité se révèlera progressivement grâce au travail associatif soutenu par le thérapeute. Souvenir très refoulé, ancien et déterminant, en qui se sont condensées des figures qui à la fois le masquent, le révèlent et le démasquent.
La Fiancée du Diable
Authors: Sabatier Janine
Published: January 2011

Une femme hérite d’une vieille maison familiale, à l’atmosphère étrange, comme veillée par un fantôme invisible. Mue par une intuition subite, un soir d’orage, elle monte au grenier d’où elle se sent appelée. Elle y découvre, après un miroir posé sur un loup de satin, un cadre ancien, poussiéreux qui lui raconte l’histoire d’une lointaine ancêtre, célèbre courtisane vénitienne.
Devant et derrière le masque
Authors: Paladino Anna , Becilli Manuela
Published: January 2011

Le masque a deux faces, devant et derrière : d’un côté, il cache la vérité pour sauvegarder sa propre profondeur et, de l’autre, c’est un moyen pour ne pas voir la réalité et la fuir. Il cache mais, en même temps, il communique, même involontairement souvent, et conduit au monde de celui qui le porte. Nous décrivons quelques passages cliniques qui illustrent l’Imaginaire de Lara. Celle-ci prend conscience de la manière dont elle sait se montrer aux autres tout en se cachant derrière un masque ; un masque qui change et déforme sa propre identité. Lara en arrive à se dire : « Dans ma vie, je n’ai cessé de me maquiller et montrer à l’autre une partie de moi qui toutefois cachait tout un autre monde et une autre personne. Le visage maquillé est un visage qui change provisoirement, mais la figure qui se cache sous le maquillage ne change pas. Le fard transforme, embellit pour satisfaire, ne pas décevoir et pour plaire. Le masque au contraire ne laisse rien passer, il cache. Sous le masque, tu peux être n’importe quoi ».
Démasquer la plume
Authors: Guilhendou Evelyne
Published: January 2011

Comment dire les choses afin de mettre sous les yeux avec évidence ce dont on parle ? Tel est l’art de mettre en mots - que les sophistes grecs ont nommé ekphrasis  – auquel recourt la littérature. Expression externe du ressenti interne, l’ ekphrasis manifeste par l’apparent détour des divers points de vue qu’elle expose la part intime des choses. Au lecteur d’entrer en écho avec l’œuvre littéraire pour que se révèle la vivacité du monde.
Jusqu'au premier coup de minuit
Authors: Boudreaux Nicole
Published: January 2011

Le Courir du Mardi Gras cadien dans la campagne louisianaise prend ses racines dans les Mardi Gras de l’Europe moyenâgeuse. Les mêmes rituels y favorisent l’anonymat à travers les masques artisanaux qui protègent l’identité de leurs porteurs et leur permettent l’impunité en ce jour de célébration et d’excès avant le long carême.
Un masque jeté au pied d'un olivier
Authors: Passerini Alberto , Peyrot Bruna
Published: January 2011

Les aspects anthropo-culturels des masques mettent en évidence des significations et des actions qui se reflètent également dans la psychopathologie : l’identité, la protection, la transformation, cacher quelque chose, donner des qualités et des pouvoirs, entre autres. L’image de départ « Un masque jeté au pied d’un olivier », dans le cas clinique présenté, a permis de faire venir à la surface la représentation archaïque traumatique, à travers le symbolisme du feu et de ce qui s’y associe dans le présent. Les actions thérapeutiques, par la circularité dans l’imaginaire, s’inscrivent dans la théorie structurale et dans la théorie de la fonction de l’imaginaire.
Masques et rêve-éveillé
Authors: Simond Marianne
Published: January 2011

Le masque est utilisé dans de nombreux domaines où il permet de (se) cacher tout en montrant. Deux cas cliniques sont présentés où les images du rêve-éveillé s’arrêtent un instant sur le masque, dans des conditions différentes et chaque fois, en lien étroit avec la personnalité du sujet. Une courte analyse de chaque cas permet de retenir quelques caractéristiques possibles du masque, en particulier dans le domaine de l’identité, de la recherche de soi. Une recherche est suggérée pour l’avenir : celle d’une correspondance entre le masque et la peau, entre le masque et le Moi, le masque et le Moi-Peau.
Velocity structure, front position changes and calving of the tidewater glacier Kronebreen, Svalbard
Authors: Sund M. , Eiken T. , Rolstad Denby C.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Glacier calving and retreat constitute a substantial portion of the ablation of tidewater glaciers and is therefore of interest in climate models in order to get more accurate predictions of future development of glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise. We use photogrammetry, global navigation satellite system, surface elevation and bathymetric data from Kronebreen to test a crevasse-depth calving model, investigate meteorological controls on near terminus velocity fluctuations and finally short-term and longer term (multi annual to decadal) controls of the front positions and calving. The relationship between velocity structure, crevasse formation, and calving events at Kronebreen is found to be more complex than outlined in the crevasse-depth calving model. Surface meltwater is found to be closely connected to velocities, but no direct relationship between velocity variation and calving could be seen along the investigated transect. On a long term basis the front positions of Kronebreen are results of a combination of several factors, particularly the interplay with the confluent glacier Kongsvegen, and change in discharge fluxes as a result of surge dynamics. Yet the bed topography is found to be an important control on the retreat of this glacier, similar to several other tidewater glaciers.
In Situ µLaue: Instrumental Setup for the Deformation of Micron Sized Samples
Authors: Kirchlechner Christoph , Keckes Jozef , Micha Jean‐Sebastien , Dehm Gerhard
Published: January 2011

µLaue diffraction sheds light onto the deformation behavior of miniaturized samples. Here we present a new instrumental setup for the in situ deformation of micron sized specimens at BM32 of the ESRF synchrotron source. Furthermore, a compression test of a 7 µm sized single slip oriented copper pillar is presented, showing the activation of an unpredicted slip system due to misalignment and the formation of several sub‐grains. The results of the compressed pillar as well as possibilities and crucial points for measuring and data evaluation are discussed.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded onto 3D Mesochannels of KIT‐6 with Different Pore Diameters and Their Excellent Magnetic Properties
Authors: Alam Sher , Anand Chokkalingam , Zaidi S. M. J. , Naidu Talapaneni Siddulu , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , Vinu Ajayan
Published: January 2011

Here, we report the results of our detailed study on the fabrication of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles confined in mesoporous silica KIT‐6 with a 3D structure and large, tunable pore diameters. It was confirmed by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, high‐resolution (HR) TEM, and magnetic measurements that highly dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles are occupied inside the mesochannels of KIT‐6. We also demonstrated that the size of the iron oxide nanoparticle can be controlled by simply changing the pore diameter of the KIT‐6 and the weight percentage of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The effect of the weight percentage and size of the iron oxide nanoparticles, and the textural parameters of the support on the magnetic properties of iron oxide/KIT‐6 has been demonstrated. The magnetization increases with decreasing iron content in the pore channels of KIT‐6, whereas coercivity decreases for the same samples. Among the KIT‐6 materials studied, KIT‐6 with 7.5 wt % of iron showed the highest saturation magnetic moment and magnetic remanence. However, all the samples register a coercivity of around 2000 Oe, which is generally observed for the hard magnetic materials. In addition, we have found a paramagnetic‐to‐superparamagnetic transition at low temperature for samples with different iron content at low temperature. The cause for this exciting transition is also discussed in detail. Magnetic properties of the iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 were also compared with pure iron oxide and iron oxide loaded over SBA‐15. It was found that iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 showed the highest magnetization due to its 3D structure and large pore volume. The pore diameter of the iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 support also plays a critical role in controlling the magnetization and the blocking temperature, which has a direct relation to the particle diameter and increases from 48 to 63 K with an increase in the pore diameter of the support from 8 to 11.3 nm.
Morphometric analysis of the anterior region of the maxillary bone for immediate implant placement using micro‐CT
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hyung , Lee Jae‐Gi , Han Dong‐Hoo , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the maxillary incisor roots and surrounding alveolar structures using microscopic computerized tomography (micro‐CT) for the immediate implant placement. Nineteen maxillae from 14 Korean cadavers were used in this study. All specimens were scanned and reconstructed into a three‐dimensional (3D) structure using a micro‐CT system. The roots of the maxillary central and lateral incisors became dramatically narrower from 6 mm above the cementoenamel junctions to the apex. The roots of the maxillary incisors and canine were located at the labial one fifths region of the alveolar bone. The angle formed by the longitudinal root axis and the alveolar bone was greatest at the maxillary canine. On the basis of the results of this study, guidelines for immediate implant placement can be suggested on the implant diameter and drilling angle to minimize damage of the alveolar plate. Clin. Anat. 24:462–468, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of food consistency on growth and morphology of the mandibular condyle
Authors: Dias George J. , Cook Richard B. , Mirhosseini M.
Published: January 2011

The objective of this study was to determine if variation in the shape and mineralization of the mandibular condyle are the result of natural adaptation in response to different functional loading demands. Eight female Kuni Kuni piglets were randomly assigned to two groups of four, receiving either a soft or hard diet. Each animal was given three separate doses of vital stains intravenously at set time points during the study. At 8.5 months, animals were euthanized and temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were excised. Histological analysis was used to measure the amount of new bone deposition in the anterior, central, and posterior regions of the mandibular condyle. Backscatter electron (BSE) imaging was used as a semiquantitative estimate of bone mineralization in these two diet groups. Histology revealed that the degree of new bone deposition in the hard‐diet group was significantly (n = 4, P < 0.001, paired t‐test) higher than that of the soft‐diet group. Also, the majority (87%) of animals fed a hard diet tended to show greater new bone deposition on the leftside in comparison to the right, indicating a chewing preference for the left side. In both groups, the degree of new bone deposition was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the posterior area than in other regions. BSE imaging corroborated basic histology results, with significantly (P < 0.01) higher mineralization levels detected in the hard‐diet group. These findings indicate that diet consistency has a small but significant effect on the rate of bone deposition in the mandibular condyle. Clin. Anat. 24:590–598, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluid Flow Characteristics of String Reactors Packed with Spherical Particles
Authors: Vonortas A. , Hipolito A. , Rolland M. , Boyer C. , Papayannakos N.
Published: January 2011

A hydrodynamic investigation of three geometries of string pellet reactors filled with spheres was conducted. Two geometries were circular spiral channels, while the third was a straight horizontal square channel. Stimulus‐response experiments provided data for residence time distribution analysis from which Pe numbers and liquid holdup were deduced. Flow regimes and transitions were determined from visual observations through the transparent tube wall. For the whole range of the experimental conditions applied in this work and for all reactors, the ratio of gas to liquid velocities, Vg/Vl, is a controlling parameter for Pe number, holdup, and pressure drop.
Liquid‐Phase Epitaxy of Multicomponent Layer‐Based Porous Coordination Polymer Thin Films of [M(L)(P)0.5] Type: Importance of Deposition Sequence on the Oriented Growth
Authors: Zacher Denise , Yusenko Kirill , Bétard Angèlique , Henke Sebastian , Molon Mariusz , Ladnorg Tatjana , Shekhah Osama , Schüpbach Björn , de los Arcos Teresa , Krasnopolski Michael , Meilikhov Mikhail , Winter Jörg , Terfort Andreas , Wöll Christof , Fischer Roland A.
Published: January 2011

The progressive liquid‐phase layer‐by‐layer (LbL) growth of anisotropic multicomponent layer‐based porous coordination polymers (PCPs) of the general formula [M(L)(P)0.5] (M: Cu2+, Zn2+; L: dicarboxylate linker; P: dinitrogen pillar ligand) was investigated by using either pyridyl‐ or carboxyl‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold substrates as templates. It was found that the deposition of smooth, highly crystalline, and oriented multilayer films of these PCPs depends on the conditions at the early growth cycles. In the case of a two‐step process with an equimolar mixture of L and P, growth along the [001] direction is strongly preferred. However, employing a three‐step scheme with full separation of all components allows deposition along the [100] direction on carboxyl‐terminated SAMs. Interestingly, the growth of additional layers on top of previously grown oriented seeding layers proved to be insensitive to the particular growth scheme and full retention of the initial orientation, either along the [001] or [100] direction, was observed. This homo‐ and heteroepitaxial LbL growth allows full control over the orientation and the layer sequence, including introduction of functionalized linkers and pillars.
Exploring Electronic versus Steric Effects in Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide and β‐Butyrolactone with Amino‐alkoxy‐bis(phenolate)–Yttrium Complexes
Authors: Bouyahyi Miloud , Ajellal Noureddine , Kirillov Evgueni , Thomas Christophe M. , Carpentier Jean‐François
Published: January 2011

A series of methoxy‐amino‐bis(phenol)s (ONOO)H2 possessing on the phenol rings R1 ortho substituents with variable steric and electronic properties (R1=CMe2Ph, 1; CMe2tBu, 3; CMe2(4‐CF3C6H4), 5; CPh3, 9; Cl, 10) has been synthesized and further reacted with [Y{N(SiHMe2)2}3](THF)2 to give cleanly the corresponding yttrium compounds [Y(ONOO){N(SiHMe2)2}(thf)n] (Y‐x); the solid‐state structures of Y‐3 and Y‐10 have been determined. These amido complexes have been used as initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide (LA) and rac‐β‐butyrolactone (BBL) to provide heterotactically enriched poly(lactic acid)s (PLAs) and syndiotactically enriched poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)s (PHBs), respectively, by means of a chain‐end control mechanism. Most of these polymerizations proceeded in a controlled fashion, giving polymers with narrow polydispersities and experimental molecular weights in good agreement with calculated values. The nature of the R1 ortho substituents has a profound impact on the rates and, more spectacularly, on the stereocontrol of the polymerizations. The heterotactic stereocontrol in the ROP of rac‐LA appears to be governed essentially by steric considerations; the larger the substituent, the higher the heterotacticity: R1=Cl (Pr=0.56)≪CMe3 (Pr=0.80)≪CMe2Ph (Pr=0.90)<CMe2(4 CF3‐Ph) (Pr=0.93–0.94)≤CMe2tBu (Pr=0.94–0.95)≤CPh3 (Pr=0.95–0.96). On the other hand, the syndiotactic stereocontrol in the polymerization of rac‐BBL follows a quite different trend: R1=Cl (Pr=0.42–0.45)≪CMe2tBu (Pr=0.62–0.70)<CMe3 (Pr=0.80)≤CMe2(4 CF3Ph) (Pr=0.82–0.84)<CMe2Ph (Pr=0.89)<CPh3 (Pr=0.94), which suggests the involvement of electronic interactions. DFT computations on model intermediates confirmed a stabilizing CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction between a methylene CH of the ring‐opened BBL unit and the π system of one of the ortho‐aryl substituents of the ONOO ligand; by contrast, for model intermediates in the ROP of LA, no such CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction involving the methyl group of lactate was observed.