bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Tauhid dan Entrepreneur untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Wariati Wariati , Sukiman Sukiman
Published: December 2021

TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta has a unique program in developing tawhid-based learning and entrepreneurship for children. This article aims to analyze the implementation of tawhid and entrepreneurship learning in the school. This research focuses on how the concept of tawhid and entrepreneur learning in TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta is, how the learning process is, and how the results are achieved. This type of research is descriptive interpretative qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate: First, learning tawhid and entrepreneurship at TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta applies a simultaneous integrative concept by combining tawhid and entrepreneurship learning so that both are mutually reinforcing. Second, the implementation process of learning tawhid and entrepreneurship in TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta uses several methods and program activities. The method used is the method of advice, for example, habituation, singing, and stories or stories. Meanwhile, the program of activities includes outing class, cooking class, and market day. Third, the learning outcomes of tawhid and entrepreneurship are forming an attitude of independence, creativity, discipline, honesty, confidence, and responsibility for students. These findings reference managers of educational institutions and early childhood education teachers to formulate policies and implement monotheism-based learning and entrepreneurship in children.
Herausforderung Reallabor: Werkstattbericht zur Reallaborforschung
Authors: Parodi Oliver , Ober Susanne , Lah Oliver , Steglich Anja , Wagner Felix , Podann Audrey
Published: December 2021

2019 haben das Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, die Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, das Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie und das Ecological Research Network das Netzwerk Reallabore der Nachhaltigkeit gegründet. Die Kommunikations- und
Kooperationsplattform will zu einer transformativen Nachhaltigkeitsforschung beitragen.
Effect of high protein diet in activity of antioxidants and level of inflammation on sprint athlete
Authors: Sri Wahjuni Endang , Hartono Soetanto
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of “Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design”. A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF-α) in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling’s method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α = 0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44/gHb, reduce (TNF-α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24.989/gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.
Considering the youth voice: needs and asset assessment in sport for development using photovoice
Authors: Martin Tiesha , LeCrom Carrie
Published: December 2021

With the growth of sport for development (SFD), it is increasingly important to ensure that programmes are intentionally designed to meet the needs of the communities they serve, in a way that helps build community capacity. Still, many programmes have been criticised for not considering the voices of marginalised individuals, specifically youth programme recipients, in the planning and development of SFDprogrammes. Additionally, programmes are developed from a deficit approach where only the needs or negative aspects of the community are being considered in the planning and development of programming. With these issues in mind, the purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of photovoice as a strategic tool to give youth a voice in SFD needs and asset assessment. Additionally, it examined how practitioners can utilize the outcomes of a needs and asset assessment in planning and implementing SFD programming. The results highlight the assets and challenges that the youth participants identified and the practical use of the assessment from the perspective of programme administrators. The results suggest that photovoice can allow youth programme participants to have a genuine voice in programme development.
Pavel Prčka – pobělohorský odsouzenec, Valdštejnův sekretář a (re)emigrant (Životopisná črta raně novověkého měšťana a úředníka u příležitosti 400. výročí staroměstské exekuce)
Authors: Starý Marek
Published: December 2021

Based on the archive sources, the aim of the paper is to enlighten life story of Old Town burgher Pavel Prčka who was as one of the representants of Czech Estates Uprising sentenced to execution, loss of honor and property in May 1621. In the end, his sentence had been mitigated and Prčka lived remarkable autumn of life. He was sentenced again twice (in one case to the death for falsifying entries in the land registers) and found himself in jail several times. His fate provides us a symptomatic testimony to the twist and turns and vicissitudes of history brought about by the Thirty Yearsʼ War.
Výběr z aktuální české a slovenské literatury
Authors: Editors
Published: December 2021

Selection from new Czech and Slovak literature
Recorder Use in Sacred Music during the Spanish Siglo de Oro: Archival Evidence, Historical Practices, and Applications in Performance - Audio_Files
Authors: Miller Julia
Published: December 2021

This article presents findings and conclusions from a recently completed Ph.D. project which researched the use of recorders in performing sacred music in Spanish cathedrals and churches during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This study also examined interactions of the historical findings with artistic questions arising in twenty-first-century performance of sacred music repertoire. Paradoxically, while numerous sets of recorders were purchased by ecclesiastic institutions during the sixteenth century, most contemporary compositions did not specifically call for their use. As well, surviving sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century documentation is highly fragmentary regarding the participatory role of recorders in sacred repertoire of this period. Scholarly research and writing had not addressed this issue, and many questions persisted regarding any role of recorders in this repertoire. Sacred music of this era offers the modern musician an extensive and rich potential repertoire of supreme quality and beauty. Therefore, in seeking an historically informed basis for performance, this project asked if recorders were used in such works in Spanish ecclesiastic institutions during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and, if so, how.
Removal of thiophene from model oil by polyethylene glycol via forming deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Cui Yingna , Xu Wenqing , Jia Yingping , Li Shenmin , Yin Jingmei
Published: December 2021

The removal of organosulfurs from liquid fuel has become a hot issue due to the serious environmental pollution by sulfur oxide gases. In this study, the removal of thiophene from model oil was carried out using polyethylene glycol (PEG). It was found that deep eutectic solvents formed by PEG as hydrogen bond donor and thiophene as hydrogen bond acceptor could efficiently separate thiophene from model oil. The influencing parameters in this process were discussed, such as extraction time, temperature, mass ratio of PEG to oil, and initial sulfur concentration. The results showed that the single extraction efficiency of PEG-200 and PEG-400 could reach up to 89.0% and 97.1% in optimal conditions, respectively. The extraction efficiency as high as 95.7% and 99.9% could be achieved after three extraction cycles. The kinetic equation of the extractive desulfurization was studied by in situ infrared (IR), and the kinetic constant k
1 of PEG-400 and PEG-200 was compared (k
1(PEG-400) > k
1(PEG-200)). The desulfurization mechanism of PEG was studied by IR, 1H NMR spectra, and density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the hydrogen bond formed between hydroxyl hydrogen in PEG and sulfur atom in thiophene accounted for the high extraction efficiency.
Can sensor-based noise mapping be a proxy of PM and permeability mapping?
Authors: Praticò Filippo Giammaria , Severini Diana , Filianoti Pasquale Giuseppe Fabio
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, road infrastructures have been the subject of numerous studies, aimed at ensuring reduced air and acoustic pollution. On the other hand, several studies showed that another important problem is dust load. Indeed, for internal combustion engine (ICEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), suspended solids, fine particles, heavy metals, nutrients and organic chemicals can lead to a gradual reduction in terms of drainage characteristics, negatively affecting road acoustic characteristics. The purpose of this study is to discuss if sensor-based noise mapping can be a proxy of particulate matter (PM) and permeability mapping. More precisely, the main objective of this study is to discuss conceptual analogies among noise, PM, and permeability mapping. Selected specimens were produced with and without crumb rubber.
The Dialogic Expansion of Garcia’s We: Chronotopes, Ethics, and Politics inThe ExpanseSeries
Authors: Reid Eamon
Published: December 2021

Popular culture could be understood as a political battleground where conflicting meanings are inscribed into the “ordinary objects” that constitute that public sphere. This is also true for science fiction television series. This article critically examines how political matters and ethical agencies are represented withinThe Expanse, a series that takes place within a speculative twenty-fourth century milky way. Firstly, I will situateThe Expansewithin its generic “system of reference.” Then, I will illustrate how political matters are represented as conjoined with the ethical. While the ethical refers to actions of persons, politics refers to fictional conceptions of what Tristan Garcia’s termswe-ourselves,understood as conflicting and overlapping conceptions of “we.” The conjunction between the political and the ethical inThe Expanseis spatiotemporal: the characters, the events they are entangled in, and the spaces that connect discrete events develop through fictional and literal time. I argue that the science fictional representations of “we-ourselves,” and the specific spatiotemporal representational capacities of the television series format, can be understood through the application of Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of thechronotopeand thedialogic. That is,The Expanse’swe-representations are chronotopic and the refractive rhetoric of television is dialogic.
Black Earth RisingandQueen Sono: A Critical Decolonial Analysis
Authors: Márquez Duarte Fernando David
Published: December 2021

In this article two series are analyzed:Black Earth Rising(a BBC/Netflix production) andQueen Sono(the first African Netflix original series), shows that are about African realities from an African perspective (Rwanda inBlack Earth Risingand South Africa inQueen Sono). The findings in this article show that both series address social and political issues such as neocolonialism, neoextractivism, internal colonialism, racism, inequality, justice, self-determination, corruption, violence, peace, memory, necropolitics, mental health, and decoloniality. I also argue that the shows could be used as pedagogical tools to raise critical consciousness in a wide public regarding the social and political issues addressed. The research in this article has been conducted with a qualitative methodology, using both shows as case studies and using content analysis and bibliographical research. The analysis of the series is based in the discussion of critical theory and decoloniality approaches and authors, especially from Latin America and Africa. Furthermore, the analysis of popular media (such as series) is a relevant effort to decolonize knowledge, using alternative and non-academic sources to produce and socialize knowledge.
Methodological aspects of snow cover sampling for chemical analysis
Authors: Ianchenko Natalia I. , Kotova Ekaterina I.
Published: December 2021

At present there is a steady increase in scientific publications on studying the chemical composition of snow cover. At the same time, there are practically no modern publications on the methods of snow cover sampling for chemical analysis. The rapid development of analytical ways to determine the composition of samples in general justifies the need to improve the methodology of snow cover sampling. Today, researchers use a variety of adapted sampling methods depending on the goal, the geographic location of the study area, and the analyzed component. Each publication contains a rationale for the sampling method used. This article describes the methodology of sampling snow cover to determine its density. Methods of taking snow cover samples to determine its chemical composition most often depend on the chosen practices. The primary systematization of snow cover sampling methods has been carried out. Synthesis of literature reveals some problems, including the need for improved standardized techniques of snow sampling for chemical analysis and for the development of applied instrumentation to address snow geochemistry.
Evaluating the construct validity and internal consistency of the Sickness Questionnaire in a Swedish sample of adults with longstanding pain
Authors: Åström Jenny , Holmström Linda , Karshikoff Bianka , Andreasson Anna , Kemani Mike K.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Low-grade inflammation is a possible contributing factor in the development and persistence of chronic primary pain syndromes. Related to inflammatory activity is sickness behavior, a set of behavioral responses including increased pain sensitivity, fatigue, malaise, fever, loss of appetite, as well as depressive behavior and anhedonia. To capture these behavioral responses and their relation to longstanding pain, psychometrically sound self-report questionnaires are needed. The Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) was developed to assess self-reported sickness behavior based on studies on acute immune activation while maintaining relevance for persistent conditions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate aspects of the validity and reliability of the SicknessQ in a Swedish sample of persons with longstanding pain.

Methods

Aspects of construct validity were evaluated by means of performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (testing structural validity) and by relevant hypothesis testing i.e., that ratings of sickness behavior in combination with other related factors (e.g., depression and anxiety) would be significantly related to ratings of avoidance. Reliability was evaluated by means of analyzing the internal consistency of items.

Results

Following the CFA, a non-significant Chi-Square test (χ2[32,N=190] = 42.95, p=0.094) indicated perfect model fit. Also, the relative fit indices supported adequate model fit (CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.969; RMSEA = 0.0430). Sickness behavior (p<0.0001), depression (p<0.05) and pain duration (p<0.05) significantly contributed to the regression model, explaining 45% of the total variance in avoidance. Internal consistency was adequate, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α value of 0.82 for the entire questionnaire.

Conclusions

Results indicate that the SicknessQ has adequate structural validity as well as adequate internal consistency, and is significantly associated with avoidance. The SicknessQ appears to have utility as a self-report questionnaire to assess symptoms of sickness behavior for adults with longstanding pain.
Synthesis of a bifunctional boron-Lewis acid and studies on host-guest chemistry using pyridine and TMPD
Authors: Rudlof Jens , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2021

Based on the previously described bifunctional Lewis acid with a functional distance of the boron functions of 4.918(2) Å, the development of a further bifunctional, boron-containing Lewis acid with a wider functional distance is demonstrated. Again, a stannylated precursor was used and the Lewis-acidic boron functions were introduced by means of tin-boron exchange. The general suitability of this class of compounds for the formation of host-guest-complexes is demonstrated by NMR experiments and by solid-state structures using pyridine and TMPD (N
1,N
1,N
4,N
4-tetramethylbenzene-1,4-diamine) as Lewis basic guests. The influence of traces of moisture on the boron-containing, bifunctional Lewis acids was investigated by the structure elucidation of a decomposition product.
Health Condition of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) According to Provenances in International Provenance Trial
Authors: Ćelepirović Nevenka , Novak Agbaba Sanja , Ivanković Mladen , Rennenberg Heinz , Jazbec Anamarija , Gradečki Poštenjak Marija , Lanšćak Miran , Bogunović Sanja , Dounavi Aikaterini
Published: December 2021

The performance of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) is severely threatened by abiotic and biotic stresses, but the resilience of its provenances from distinct geographic areas has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the performance of European beech was investigated in an international provenance trial consisting of twenty-one natural populations originating from Central Europe and Southeast Europe located on Medvednica Mountain (Croatia). The performance of European beech was investigated by characterizing I) damage types, II) crown damage intensity, III) damage frequency, and IV) clustering of provenances based on damage types. Anthracnose, galls, chewing damages, and aphids were recorded on leaves, and canker on the trunk and branches. The crown damage intensity was minute (less than 10%) for all types of disease. Anthracnose was the most common damage, followed in descending order by galls, canker, chewing damages and aphids. When the types of damage were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency analysis and clustering), significant differences were recorded between provenances (χ2=322.19, p<0.0001). European beech provenances were classified into four clusters. Aphids and galls caused the least and the highest damage, respectively, in each cluster, except for Cluster 4, where anthracnose caused the highest damage. The results of this study showed generally good health condition of European beech provenances originating from Central and Southeast Europe in the period of the investigation.
Logical derivation search with assumption traceability
Authors: Birštunas Adomas , Reivytytė Elena
Published: December 2021

In this paper authors research the problem of traceability of assumptions in logical derivation. The essence of this task is to trace which assumptions from the available knowledge base of assumptions are necessary to derive a certain conclusion. The paper presents a new derivation procedure for propositional logic, which ensures traceability feature. For the derivable conclusion formula derivation procedure also returns the smallest set of assumptions those are enough to get derivation of the conclusion formula. Verification of the procedure were performed using authors implementation.
Appendicitis in pregnancy: case report in a navy medical center of Mexico City
Authors: Valencia Mejia Erika , Rodriguez Villan Cesar , Fermin Aldama Yanet , Gonzalez Fernando Martinez , Eduardo Serratos Garduno Jose , Rosa Ramos Cristian de la
Published: December 2021

Acute appendicitis represents the most common non-obstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy, the most important clinical feature is abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Imaging studies can be used for diagnosis, where ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are mostly recommended. Timely diagnosis can prevent complications including fetal loss and preterm delivery. The case report orients the surgeon and obstetrician to make decisions in patients with this pathology
Psychological affectation in child maloclutions
Authors: Rosende Maria N , Peláez Alina N , Meza Edna Y
Published: December 2021

In recent years, different investigations have highlighted the importance of constructing the diagnosis based on complexity in health, which implies putting the concept of comprehensive dental health in perspective. Occlusal alterations in childhood have a multifactorial etiology, considering the dental, muscular and skeletal factors of the stomatognathic complex as well as the subject in their psychism and social environment, noting the maturational development of the child, therefore this article presents an update on the affectation Psychology in child malocclusions and the impact they cause in the construction of the childhood personality.
CONTENT OF GROWTH FACTORS AND HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR IN THE SKIN OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGE AFTER WOUND HEALING
Authors:   Higher educational communal institution of the Lviv regional council “Andrei Krupinsky Lviv Medical Academy”, Lviv, Ukraine, Hrytsevych N.R. , Vereschaka V.V. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Stepanova L.І. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Nikitina N.S. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Beregova T.V. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF- 1α) in the skin of 40 female rats of different ages (3 and 12 mo) after closure of the wound bed. In each age group composed of 20 rats, 10 rats served as a control group, and in remaining rats a facelift operation was performed and cut wounds on the anterior abdominal wall (5 cm × 0.5 cm) were simulated. The duration of wound surface healing in rats of different age groups was recorded. On the day of complete healing, the animals were killed, and the skin was cut in the areas of the former wound bed. In control rats, the skin was excised in the same places. The content of VEGF, NGF and HIF-1α was determined in the skin by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that in the group of young (3-month-old) rats, complete healing of the wound surface after facelift surgery occurred after 14.0 ± 1.0 days, and on the anterior abdominal wall - after 13.0 ± 1.0 days. In 12-month-old rats, the duration of wound surface healing after facelift surgery and incised wound on the anterior abdominal wall increased to 17.0 ± 1.5 days. In the former wound bed, the content of HIF-1α in young rats increased by 60.7%, and in 12-month-old rats - by 231.6%. In the former wound bed, the content of VEGF and NGF in young rats increased by 14.8 and 11.7%, respectively, and in 12-month-old rats - by 182.4 and 152.6%, respectively. It was concluded that more pronounced hypoxia in the skin after surgery in 12-month-old rats may be the cause of postoperative complications.
ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF VOICE MEAS- URES IN CHRONIC LARYNGITIS PATIENTS
Authors:   Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalchuk P.M. , Shydlovska T.A. ,   Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

We aimed to analyse voice signals in 40 patients with chronic laryngitis elicited by exposure to chemical factors. We ex- amined 20 people with catarrhal chronic laryngitis (group 1), 20 people with subatrophic chronic laryngitis (group 2) and 15 healthy volunteers as controls. All subjects underwent acoustic examination of the voice signal using the software Praat V 4.2.1. We studied acoustic measures as follows: Jitter, Shimmer and NHR (noise-to-harmonics ratio). The analysis of the obtained data revealed statistically significant differ- ences in the average values of Jitter and Shimmer measures, as well as in the ratio of nonharmonic (noise) and harmonic component in the spectrum ( NHR) in patients with chronic laryngitis (groups 1 and 2) compared with controls. In group 1 (chronic catarrhal laryngitis), the average values of acoustic measures such as Jitter, Shimmer and NHR were as follows: Jitter - 0.92 ± 0.1%, Shimmer - 5.31 ± 0.5%, NHR - 0.078 ± 0.04. In group 2 (subatorophic laryngitis), the average values of acoustic measures were: Jitter - 0.67 ± 0.6%, Shimmer - 6.57 ± 0.7% and NHR - 0.028 ± 0.003. The obtained data indicate a pronounced instability of the voice in frequency and amplitude, a significant proportion of the noise component in the spectrum of the voice signal in the examined patients with chronic laryngitis exposed to chemical factors. The most pronounced alterations were found in patients with catarrhal chronic laryngitis. We conclude that the quantitative values of spectral analysis of the voice signal Jitter, Shimmer, NHR may serve as valuable criteria of the degree of voice impair- ment. This may be helpful in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.
OPTOELECTRONIC HARDWARE-SOFTWARE MONOMODULAR SENSOR OF METEOROLOGICAL RANGE OF VISIBILITY AND ATMOSPHERE TRANSPARENCY WITH AUTOMATIC CORRECTION OF EXTERNAL POLLUTION EFFECT OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   V.  E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Kretulis V.S.
Published: December 2021

A model sample of a monomodular hardware-software optoelectronic sensor of k-factor, meteorological range of visibility and atmosphere transparency with high technical and operational characteristics of small -sized execution is developed and created. The combination in the algorithm of functioning of the developed hardware-software methods of sensor creation provided increase of accuracy and invariance of results of measurement concerning external background illumination and self-testing with automatic correction of pollution effect of optical windows of the sensor. Continuous monitoring of the degree of contamination of optical windows provides an opportunity in case of detection of exceeding the permissible level of pollution to provide the operator with information about the need for preventive work. The proposed method of automatic correction of contamination of optical windows either completely eliminates or significantly increases the time interval of their mechanical cleaning operations, which reduces labour costs for maintenance of the sensor. The analysis of technical capabilities of the nodes of the model sample of the sensor allowed to estimate its basic meteorological parameters: the k-factor – (0.17÷1.11∙10-4) m-1, the meteorological visibility – (18÷27∙103 ) m and the atmosphere transparency per 1 km of the layer – (0÷0.895). The developed meteorological sensor can be used as a basic remote-controlled instrument for measuring meteorological parameters of the state of the atmosphere at the hydrometeorological stations of the country, mobile meteorological stations, stationary meteorological stations of road and air services to ensure guaranteed safety of workers.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE OF LED illuminatorS AS A FACTOR OF SAFETY LIGHTING OF HIGHWAYS FOR DIFFICULT WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors:   V.  E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Kretulis V. S.
Published: December 2021

A investigation of the dependence of relative horizontal illumination level and brightness of the most common types of road surface in Ukraine when using LED illuminators with different spectral distribution of radiation in the presence of aerial aerosols of different optical densities (strong, moderate, weak fog and haze) is performed. Mathematical models of LED illuminators with correlated color temperature Tcc = (2200÷8400) K in the visible range of the spectrum λ = (380÷780) nm have been created. Their use together with the selected model of the spectral dependence of the scattering index β (λ) (Ferdinandоv’s model) of the atmospheric environment with the presence of aqueous aerosols, which cause a limited meteorological range of visibility MOR = (0.1÷3) km, showed a slight (1%) advantage in creation of illumination from lamps of a warm spectrum of radiation (TCC = 2200 K) in comparison with cold (Tcc = 8400 K) for cases of strong fogs with MOR = 100 m. Calculations involving the analysis of mathematical modeling of the spectral distribution of the reflection coefficients for two types of road surface (new and worn asphalt) proved that when using warm spectrum illuminators the brightness of the most common in Ukraine old asphalt pavement in the conditions of MOR = 100 m by 5% exceeds the corresponding value of the cold spectrum emitters. This difference gradually decreases as visibility is improved due to the weaker spectral dependence of β (λ) and at MV = 3 km is 4.5%. The advantage of using warm spectrum illuminators will be significantly enhanced for the case of estimating the brightness of the coverage over long distances, for example, airfield runways, which will significantly improve flight safety.
LOW-TEMPERATURE ION-PLASMA DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY OF NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS OF ALUMINUM AND BORON NITRIDES
Authors:   V.  E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Zayats M. S.
Published: December 2021

A low-temperature (substrate heating temperature up to 400 °C) ion-plasma technology for the formation of nanostructured AlN and BN films by the method of high-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering of the corresponding targets has been developed (the modernized installation "Cathode-1M"), which has in its technological cycle the means of physical and chemical modification, which allow to purposefully control the phase composition, surface morphology, size and texture of nanocrystalline films. The possibility of using the method of high-frequency magnetron sputtering for deposition of transparent hexagonal BN films in the nanoscale state on quartz and silicon substrates is shown. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has shown that AlN films can have an amorphous or polycrystalline surface with grain sizes of approximately 20-100 nm, with the height of the nanoparticles varying from 3 to 10 nm and the degree of surface roughness from 1 to 10 nm. It was found that the dielectric penetration of polycrystalline AlN films decreases from 10 to 3.5 at increased frequencies from 25 Hz to 1 MHz, and the peak tangent of the dielectric loss angle reaches 0.2 at 10 kHz. Such features indicate the existence of spontaneous polarization of dipoles in the obtained AlN films. Interest in dielectric properties in AlN / Si structures it is also due to the fact that there are point defects, such as nitrogen vacancies and silicon atoms, which diffuse from the silicon substrate during synthesis and play an important role in the dielectric properties of AlN during the formation of dipoles. The technology makes it possible, in a single technological cycle, to produce multilayer structures modified for specific functional tasks with specified characteristics necessary for the manufacture of modern electronics, optoelectronics and sensorics devices. It should also be noted that the technology of magnetron sputtering (installation "Cathode-1M") is highly productive, energetically efficient and environmentally friendly in comparison with other known technologies for creating semiconductor structures and allows them to be obtained with minimal changes in the technological cycle.
Dependence between structure of cast Al-Ni-La alloys and their chemical composition
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Voron M. M.
Published: December 2021

The peculiarities of cast Al-Ni-La alloys structure formation depending on the content and ratio of the main components are analyzed in the work. It is shown, that so far the studied system has been considered mainly for the creation of amorphous materials. At the same time, Al-Ni and Al-La systems have phase diagrams that allow us to consider double and triple alloys of these systems to create promising creep-resistant alloys for casting. At the same time, the peculiarities of their structure formation in this context were not determined. Samples with different contents of nickel and lanthanum were prepared for research and analyzed how each of the elements, their number and ratio affect the formation of their structural-phase state. It is shown, that low nickel content of about 2 wt. % and lanthanum up to 5 wt. % eutectic is formed like thin almost monolithic intermetallic plates. As the number of components increases and, accordingly, the number of eutectics increases, the dispersion of its components increases. The analysis of the alloy structure dependence due to studied system on their chemical composition showed that, most likely, during the formation of the eutectic, Al11La3 particles, which may have the form of nanosized fibers, are formed first of all. It should be noted that at the eutectic content of lanthanum in the alloys no primary-formed Al11La3 particles were found. This may indicate that nickel shifts the eutectic concentration of lanthanum toward higher values. At the same time, at the hypoeutectic concentration of lanthanum and the hypereutectic concentration of nickel, some Al11La3 formations were outside the regions of the main eutectic with nickel aluminide. Such questions necessitate further studies of the aluminum angle of the triple state diagram of the Al-Ni-La system. Keywords: Al-Ni-La system, creep-resistant cast aluminum alloys, structure, eutectic.
Studying the causes of destruction of steam superheater tubes in boiler equipment
Authors:   State Enterprise Ya.Yu.Osada Research and Design-Technology Institute of Pipe Industry, Dnipro, Ukraine, Opryshko L.V. , Golovnyak T.V. ,   State Enterprise Ya.Yu.Osada Research and Design-Technology Institute of Pipe Industry, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Results of comprehensive studies of samples of prematurely destroyed 57×4 mm steam superheaer tubes of STBA 22 steel used in a boiler unit of Singburi Sugar Co, Ltd factory (Thailand) are presented. The tubes were manufactured at Interpipe Niko Tube Ltd. (Ukraine) according to JIS G 3462 Standard (Japan). They were destroyed in a short (~240 hrs) term of operation. The cause of premature destruction of tubes of the above steel grade and size assortment in the boiler unit has been established. Based on present-day investigation methods (metallography, X-ray diffraction, etc.), it was found that the tubes were operated with violation of fuel combustion conditions and heat-carrying agent circulation. Characteristic features of operation of damaged tubes include high thermal stresses from the side of the fire-chamber and limitation (or absence) of circulation of the heat-carrying agent (blockage in bends, drum heads, etc.). During operation, the tubes were also exposed to significant thermal vibration stresses (unstable combustion conditions). Prolonged overheating occurred at temperatures above 1000 °C because of violation of circulation of heat-carrying agent and unstable combustion mode. High thermal stresses at almost complete absence of a heat-carrying agent, uneven distribution of growing heat flows caused by violation of the combustion mode in the fire-chamber contributed to accelerated degradation of structure and thermal destruction of the tube metal. In a short term of operation (~240 hours), there was a significant change in the tube size (accelerated high-temperature creep) and complete recrystallization of metal structure throughout the entire wall thickness of the damaged tubes. It has been established that the accelerated degradation of metal microstructure in the destroyed tubes was associated with both overheating of the tube wall and the as-delivered metal structure non-recommended for operation at high temperatures and pressures. It was shown that it is necessary to adjust the heat treatment conditions for these tubes at Interpipe Niko Tube Ltd. The study results have made it possible to develop recommendations for eliminating violations of operating conditions and establishing control of actual heat flows in the most thermally loaded sections of the Singburi Sugar Co. Ltd factory’s steam boiler superheater. Taking into account peculiarities of the boiler equipment and its operating conditions, it was also recommended to use a more heat-resistant and refractory steel instead of the currently used material for manufacture of the steam superheater tubes. Keywords: boiler tube, steam superheater, damage, thermal destruction, structure degradation, combustion conditions, heat carrier circulation, overheating.
Study of the sweet chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) production system in the Caribbean region of Colombia: a technological and socio-economic perspective
Authors: Martinez Reina Antonio María , Tordecilla Zumaqué Lilibet , Rodriguez Pinto Maria Del Valle , Cordero Carina Cecilia , Grandett-Martínez Liliana Maria
Published: December 2021

The objective of this work was to characterize technologically and economically the sweet chili pepper production system in the Caribbean region of Colombia. A survey was applied to 60 farmers using the simple random sampling technique. The economic returns were analyzed in the producing areas of San Juan del Cesar, in the department of La Guajira, and Ponedera, in the department of Atlántico, with an average of 0.6 hectares of the areas used for planting the sweet chili pepper. The average age of the farmers is 51 years old, with more than 11 years of experience in this crop. The results present differences in terms of production efficiency; for example, it was found that it is higher for the town of San Juan del Cesar, which is explained because the yields are higher by 7 t/ha- 1. In this zone, the net income is higher by a difference of COP 6.399.270 ha-1, concerning the town of Ponedera. It is concluded that the productive chain is not well integrated since the margins of commercialization, in general, are 0.69, which reveals that the farmer is the one who least participates in this surplus generated by the market.
Evaluación de la sostenibilidad socio-económica en fincas productoras de cacao en el centro-norte de Ecuador: una propuesta de estrategias inter-organizacionales
Authors: Moreno Miranda Carlos , Paredes Mayra Liliana , Escobar Guerrero Jenny Elizabeth , Molina Sánchez José Isaac
Published: December 2021

La sostenibilidad socio-económica de la cadena productiva de cacao es muy relevante en las agendas público-privadas del Ecuador. La presente investigación se centra en proponer estrategias inter-organizacionales mediante la identificación de actores y actividades claves, un análisis de desempeño socio-económico y la caracterización de mecanismos que gobiernan la dinámica de la cadena. Para su efecto, en tres etapas, se encuestaron jefes de pequeñas fincas productoras localizadas en la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón La Maná. El mayor desafío de esta red productiva se centra en los sistemas de producción de tipo convencional y la comercialización informal de la almendra. Se evidenció a través de datos de entidades públicas la existencia de amenazas y debilidades en su desempeño. Los factores analizados fueron de carácter productivo y socio-económico. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales y correlación para procesar la información de campo. Se determinó que la sostenibilidad económica se ve fuertemente afectada por aspectos agronómicos y sociales. Asimismo, se concluyó que la comercialización y las actividades de valor agregado son aspectos que deben ser abordados con una visión de colaboración inter-organizacional.
Comparison of Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae) habitat preferences: implications for their conservation
Authors: Alvarado-Solano Diana Patricia , Martínez López Sergio , Šarapatka Bořivoj , Otero Ospina Joel Tupac
Published: December 2021

Family Orchidaceae is widely recognized for its mutualistic relationship with their pollinators, however, the knowledge about the most diverse monocotyledonous group on the planet it is still limited. Here, we recognized the ecological requirements and modeled the habitat preferences for Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Subfamily: Epidendroideae). We used climatic and bioclimatic data along with species’ occurrences records in a) Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to screen for the most influential variables; and, b) a maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) for habitat suitability modeling. Also, preliminary conservation status and probable priority areas for monitoring and conservation were identified. Both species differed in their habitat preferences as shown by the altitudinal range. Factors screened by PCA were associated to temperature (average, minimum, seasonality), solar radiation, and precipitation of the driest and warmest months. The variables that influenced the most in the modeling process for C. bicolor were solar radiation, temperature seasonality, and its annual range; while for C. ochraceum were the precipitation of the driest month and solar radiation. Areas with habitat suitable conditions were identified in countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela) and biomes (humid and dry tropical, and subtropical forests) with highly dynamic land cover changes. The studied species were found to be in an endangered status based on their area of occupancy (< 76 km2). However, considering their extent of occurrence (> 20000 km2), they are in a status of less concern. These findings may be relevant for future monitoring plans and planning for ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategies.
Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and economic evaluation for construction and demolition waste: a Colombian case study
Authors: Suárez Silgado Sindy Sofía , Calderon Valdiviezo Lucrecia Janneth , Mahecha Vanegas Leandro Fernando
Published: December 2021

The construction industry consumes more raw materials and energy than any other economic activity and generates the largest fraction of waste, known as construction and demolition waste (CDW). This waste has significant environmental implications, most notably in South American countries such as Colombia, where it is handled inappropriately. This study evaluated the management processes currently used for fractions of construction and demolition waste generated in Ibagué (Colombia). The environmental impacts of the management of 1 kg of CDW were also calculated. Other CDW management alternatives were evaluated. The percentage of the fraction of the waste and the treatment or management processes used were modified to determine its environmental and economic viability. The information was obtained through telephone interviews and visits to recycling plants, construction companies, quarries, government entities, and inert landfills. It was completed with secondary sources and the Ecoinvent v.2.2 databases. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the SimaPro 8 software were used to calculate the environmental impacts. An economic study of each management process and each alternative was also carried out. A comparison of the other options revealed the current choice contributes most to the environmental impacts in all categories. This study indicates that the most beneficial alternative in environmental and economic terms in Ibagué (Colombia) is where 100% of the metals are recovered, 100% of excavated earth is reused, and 100% of the stone waste is recycled (alternative 3). This alternative remained the most favorable when a sensitivity analysis was carried out with different distances (30 km and 50 km).
Structural grouting of load-bearing precast concrete elements: Issues and solutions
Authors:   PCI Erectors Committee
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to raise construction industry awareness regarding structural grouting of precast concrete projects in the United States. Incidents related to structural grouting have occurred with both precast concrete systems and other building systems. Designers, architects, owners, insurance carriers, and the construction industry in general are becoming increasingly aware of deficient grouting installation methods and verification procedures. Concerns include the timeliness of grout installation during the erection process, the lack of grout on some components of finished projects, and the poor quality of installed grout. These concerns pertain to horizontal connection joints of critical load-bearing elements between foundations and precast concrete columns and walls, stacked precast concrete columns, and stacked precast concrete walls. Current building codes and standards provide no requirements and limited guidance for the installation or special inspection of these critical horizontal joints. In an effort to address this gap in building codes and standards, as it specifically relates to precast concrete structural products, some precast concrete producers and erectors are implementing several strategies and new procedures, as noted and further developed in this paper.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMASARAN DAN PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN MELALUI DARING PADA UD. EVARIO MANDIRI JAYA
Authors: Andriani Evana , Faidah Faridhatun , Marliana Etni
Published: December 2021

AbstrakCovid-19 yang saat ini mewabah di seluruh belahan dunia memberikan dampak yang cukup besar untuk perekonomian di Indonesia, khususnya bagi para pengusaha kecil. Keterbatasan modal yang dimiliki, ditambah tingkat penjualan yang menurun drastis, membuat para pengusaha harus berimprovisasi berbagai cara agar produk mereka tetap dapat terjual. Salah satu cara paling efektif untuk meningkatkan penjualan bagi mereka pengusaha kecil yang memiliki modal terbatas, yaitu beralih dari pemasaran dan penjualan secara luring menjadi pemasaran dan penjualan daring. Pemasaran dan penjualan daring dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan media marketplace maupun sosial media.  Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pendampingan kepada UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya untuk mengembangkan saluran pemasaran dan penjualan dari luring ke saluran pemasaran dan penjualan secara daring, lalu dapat meningkatkan kesadaran merek lebih luas dari para calon konsumennya Setelah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan, UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya dapat melaksanakan kegiatan pemasaran dan penjualan secara daring menggunakan marketplace dan media sosial. AbstractThe Covid-19, which is currently endemic in all parts of the world, has had a considerable impact on the economy in Indonesia, especially for small entrepreneurs. The limited capital they have, coupled with a drastic drop in sales, have forced entrepreneurs have to improve in various ways to make their products can still be sold. One of the most effective ways to increase sales for those small entrepreneurs who have limited capital is to switch from offline marketing and sales to online marketing and sales. Online marketing and sales can be done using the media marketplace and social media. The purpose of this service is to provide training to UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya to develop marketing and sales channels from offline to online, then can increase brand awareness more broadly from potential consumers After this community service activity was carried out, UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya can start doing marketing and sales activities online using the marketplace and social media.