bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Study of Evaluate the Efficacy of Vishatinduka Taila Kati Basti in the Management of Katigraha (Low Back Pain)
Authors: Sandhya Shenoy  , Gautham Shetty M
Published: December 2022

Katigraha is a Vataja Nanatmaja vyadhi and not explained as a separate disease, but rather as a symptom in another disease like as Ashmari, Arshas, Bhagandara etc. We have a brief summary of Katigraha along with symptoms, etiological causes, and treatment in Amavatadhikara Adhyaya of Bhavaprakasha, and in Vatavyadhi Adhikara of Gadanigraha. Along with specific symptoms like Katishoola and Katigraha caused either Shuddha or Sama vayu. In contemporary science, we can compare the Katigraha with low back pain (lumbago) suffering from Low back pain is an emerging problem in adolescents, with an incidence that is the highest in the third decade of life worldwide. Katibasti is the process in which, retaining of warm medicated oil in a specially formed frame prepared from Masha dough in lumbo-sacral region. It performs the combined action of Snehana and Swedana. Katibasti is a type of Snigdha Sweda, as warm oil is used which produce both the Snehana and Swedana effect, attempt has been made with Vishatinduka Taila for Katibasti purpose. In present study using Vishatinduka Taila Katibasti is done for 7 days for 30 minutes daily.
The Effect of Teacher Academic Competence and Principal Supervision on the Professional Duties of Teachers Mediated by Work Commitment of Public Elementary School Teachers in Kapuas Timur Sub-Districts
Authors:   Master of Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia, Ramadhan Muhammad Ilham , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Saleh Muhammad
Published: December 2022

This study aims to describe and analyze the effect of teacher academic competence and principal supervision on the professional duties of teachers mediated by work commitmentThis study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods and multiple linear regression analysis. Sampling used proportional random sampling so that a sample of 122 teachers was obtained. Data were analyzed using path analysis and Sobel test with the help of SPSS for Windows software The results showed that: (1) The description of the Academic Competence, Principal Supervision, Work Commitment, and Professional Duties of Teachers was in a fairly high category, (2) Academic Competence had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (3) Principal Supervision had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (4) Work Commitment had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (5) Academic Competence had an effect on Work Commitment, (6) Principal Supervision had an effect on Work Commitment, (7) Work Commitment is the Mediator of the Effect of Academic Competence on the Professional Duties of Teachers, (8) Work Commitment is the Mediator of the Effect of Principal Supervision on the Professional Duties of Teachers of Public Elementary School Teachers in Kapuas Timur Sub-Districts
Explaining the effect of Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction and Work Performance
Authors:   Associate Professor, College of Management and Technology Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Ghany Prof. Dr. Mona  Abde
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational justice on work performance and job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature, strength and significance of the links between organizational justice, job satisfaction and work performance .Previous researchers have conducted on Organization justice, job satisfaction and work performance as separate concepts, few of them have attempted to examine the links between them. To date, there is a lack of evidence regarding the nature, significance and strength of relationships between these three variables. The literature review shows that employees’ perceptions of fairness in all organizational processes and practices are assumed to influence their behavior and work outcomes. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the Quantitative method has been used through conducting questionnaires among employees. 400 employees were the participants, with the following results. First, the results showed that distributive justice, Procedural justice and Interactional justice are insignificantly affecting Job Satisfaction. Secondly, the results showed that distributive justice, Procedural justice and Interactional justice are insignificantly affecting work performance. These results suggest that managers should pay workers what they deserve , follow open and fair procedures , offer workers a voice , meet regularly , conduct employee surveys and keep an on-open door policy. Managers must work to distribute the functions, tasks and duties equally, fairs have fairness of outcome, in addition to developing appropriate rules and regulations in order to have fairness of decision making , lastly managers should care about their employees and build manager-employee communication. . Therefore, Employee performance and satisfaction are influenced by organizational fairness (fairness of distribution, fairness of method, and fairness of interaction). Employee’s demographic and career backgrounds are designed as moderators.
Lions, They're Trying to Eat Me
Authors: Barcenas Loren
Published: December 2022

A medical student recounts her experiences as a first year completing school completely virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic. She struggles with not being able to meet classmates, navigating the rigorous coursework alone, and ultimately feeling defeated. One committed friend and what she initially thought was useless advice turn out to help her change course and keep fighting.
Hepatorenal Syndrome in Cirrhosis of Liver at Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Liver Unit, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, B Jaishi
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the development of renal failure in patients with severe liver disease. Acute renal dysfunction including HRS is commonly occurs in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. It is observed that morbidity and mortality remain high once the syndrome is established. This syndrome is usually managed with different vasoconstrictors and albumin with variable outcome but ultimate treatment is the liver transplantation. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in Liver unit of Bir hospital. The cases were collected from (April, 2015 to March, 2016), admitted in Liver unit, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. One hundred and thirty eight cases were randomly selected from 450 patients admitted in the hospital.Patients of HRS were selected and treated with one of the treatment regime from 1. Albumin and Nor adrenaline group 2. Albumin and Dopamine group 3. Dopamine only 4.Terlipressin and Albumin groups. Patients with No HRS group were treated according to standard protocol of the institute.
Multiplicity of Solutions for Dirichlet Problem of a Superlinear Fractional p-Laplacian Equation
Authors:   Department of Lanzhou Technology and Business College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730101, People’s Republic of China, Zhang WeiQiang
Published: December 2022

This paper is dedicated to studying the following fractional p-Laplacian problem where Ω⊂ℝN (N ≥ 2) is a bounded domain with C 1,1 boundary, s∈(0,1), 2 ≤ p<N/s, (-Δ) s p is the fractional p-Laplacian and f is a (p-1)-superlinear Carathéodory reaction but does not satisfy the usual Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. By using variational methods and Morse theory, we show that the equation has at least three nontrivial solutions: among one of them is positive and one is negative
Photon Mass
Authors:   Public Health and Primary Care, Petrozavodsk State University, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK, Orlov SA
Published: December 2022

The atomic structure is presented on the basis of the theory of vortex gravitation. The feasibility and calculation of the values of the density and mass of electromagnetic particles are proposed. A calculation is made, which proves that the photon must have mass. In the calculations, some physical characteristics of electromagnetic particles that are accepted by modern physics are refuted.
Effect of Growth Regulators and Nacl Stress on Callus Formation and Alkaloids Production on Vinca Rosea Plant (Catharanthus Roseus L)
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univeristy, Cario, Egypt, Ahmed Youssif Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Vinca alkaloids are a subset of drugs obtained from the periwinkle plant they are naturally extracted from the pink periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus), and they have been used to treat diabetes, high blood pressure and have been used as disinfectant. The vinca alkaloids are also important for being Cancer resistant there are four major vinca alkaloids in Clinical Use: Vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VRL), vincristine (VCR) and vindesine (VDS). Vinca alkaloids are the second most used class of cancer drugs and will stay among the original cancer therapies. Catharanthus roseus is still source used for the powerful antitumor drugs. Callus culture had been done on MS-medium containing Different Concentrations from BA-2, 4-D-NAA-IAA. Where the different effects of growth regulators were studied when different parts of the plant have been cultured from leaves and stems this is to induce callus formation and encourage growth and the concentrations that were prepared: BA (0,1-0, 3-1-2 mg/l)-NAA (0,1-1mg/l)-IAA (0,1 mg/l)-2, 4-D (0,75-1mg/l). And after culture the explants we transferred it to the growth room with a temperature ranging from 27 to 29°C relative humidity around 80% And in complete darkness then we applied the resulting callus tissue under the influence of different concentrations of NaCl as (50-75-100-150mM/L). The results from HPLC analysis for the dry weight of callus were as follows ajmalicine (0.18 mg/g DW), catharanthine (0.07 mg/g DW), serpentine (0.37mg/g DW), vindoline (0.11 mg/g DW).
Progress in the Ascertainment of Vaccines Regarding SARS-CoV-2 During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in the Future
Authors:   The Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, CTR Future-Oriented Ltd, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Chukwuma Sr Chrysanthus
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, spatiotemporally evolves or mutates to its variant with potentialities for adverse opportunistic infections via replications and transmissions or disseminations
PERANCANGAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI SEMEN CURAH PADA PT SEMEN TONASA (PERSERO) MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTIC HIERACHY PROCESS (AHP) (Studi Kasus PT. Semen Tonasa)
Authors: Suradi Suradi , Hanafie Ahmad , Samudera Irwan Muh Ralfiansyah , Amahoru Abdussalam
Published: December 2022

Aktivitas distribusi pada perusahaan merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dari akhir sebuah proses produksi. Penelitian kami bertujuan mengetahui kriteria prioritas dalam perencanaan distribusi semen curah dengan pengiriman moda transportasi laut, sebelumnya kami merancang terlebih dahulu kriteria perencanaan distribusi semen curah pada perusahaan yakni; Fasilitas, Persediaan, Transportasi dan Komunikasi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat kami simpulkan bahwa, kriteria transportasi memiliki bobot (0.564) dengan bobot tertinggi, urutan kedua merupakan kriteria komunikasi dengan bobot (0.202), urutan ketiga kriteria persediaan (0.182) dan kriteria dengan urutan keempat ialah kriteria fasilitas dalam proses perencanaan sistem distribusi semen curah di PT Semen Tonasa dimana dalam penentuan bobot kami menggunakan metode AHP. Hasil pengambilan keputusan dengan menentukan bobot pada setiap kriteria perencanaan sistem distribusi semen curah memiliki tingkat konsistensi yang sesuai dengan dasar penentuan konsistensi yaitu hasil pertimbangan yang kami dapatkan dimana nilai CR 8% , dasar penentuan dari konsisten dimana hasil yang di dapatkan harus lebih kecil dari (<10% ).
From the Miltos / Sinopis of Ancient Sinope to the Yoşa of Modern Cappadocia
Authors: KASSAB TEZGÖR Dominique
Published: December 2022

Yunancadaki miltos kelimesi ve eş anlamlısı olan Latince’deki rubrica, kırmızı aşıboyası için genel terimlerdi. Kırmızı aşıboyası nadir değildi, fakat, Sinop Miltos ’u olarak adlandırılan tip, olağanüstü kalitesi sebebiyle Klasik antik dönemde iyi biliniyordu. Aslen Kapadokya’da çıkarılmıştır ve Sinop limanından ticareti yapılmıştır, nitekim ismini buradan alır. Ancak, muhtemelen MÖ 2. yüzyılın sonunda, ana ticaret yolu değişti ve Roma yönetiminde yol ağının gelişmesi sayesinde şehrin su toplama havzasının iç kısımlara doğru genişlemesiyle Efes üzerinden ihraç edildi. MS 3. yüzyılın sonunda ihracatı muhtemelen durmuş olsa da ünü devam etmiş ve sinopis veya sinopia ismi sonradan yüksek kaliteli ancak çeşitli kökenlerden kırmızı aşı boyasına verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kapadokya’da hala çıkarılan kırmızı bir pigment olan yoşa ışığında antik metinlerin sağladığı verilerle arkeolojik kanıtları birleştirmektir. Şüphesiz ki Sinop Miltos’unun aynısıdır ve Klasik sonrası dönemde bölgenin Bizans kiliselerinin duvar süslemelerinde ve daha sonra güvercinliklerinde de kullanılmaya devam etmiş ve bugün Avanos çömlekçileri tarafından kaplarını süslemek için kullanılmaktadır.
The Consequences of Low Interest Rates for the Australian Banking Sector
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Brassil Anthony
Published: December 2022

There is a vast international literature exploring the consequences of low interest rates for various banking sectors. In this paper, I explore how this international literature relates to the Australian banking sector, which operates differently to other jurisdictions. In the face of low rates, the profitability of Australian banks has likely been less adversely affected than what the international literature would predict, but the flip side to this is that the pass-through of monetary policy to lending rates may have been more muted. I then use a recent advance in macrofinancial modelling to explore whether pass-through in Australia could turn negative – the so called 'reversal rate' – and find that the features of the Australian banking system mean a reversal rate is highly unlikely to exist in Australia.
Constitutional Elements of Judicial Independence: are they enough in the Constitution of Uzbekistan?
Authors: Kosimov Botirjon
Published: December 2022

This article argues that there are not sufficient constitutional elements of judicial independence in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. For foreign practice, the article analyzes the Constitution of the United States for the rules on ensuring judicial independence. Based on the analysis the article suggests that de-jure judicial independence is as important as de-facto judicial independence and Uzbekistan should improve its Constitution in order for it to have more standard constitutional elements aimed at ensuring judicial independence.
Конституционная безопасность несовершеннолетних
Authors: Султонов Ойбек
Published: December 2022

В статье проанализированы законодательство и государственные программы Республики Узбекистана по безопасности несовершеннолетних, а также международный опыт зарубежных стран, выявлены типичные обстоятельства, способствующие совершению преступлений несовершеннолетними в странах Средней Азии, влияющие факторы поведения несовершеннолетних, выявление причин и условий, способствовавших совершению преступления, начало и конец профилактики преступлений следователем, также автор устанавливает что своевременное установление и возбуждение уголовных дел в отношении несовершеннолетних приводит к ранней профилактикой преступлений, о превентивной сущности указанного процессуального института свидетельствуют уголовно-процессуальные меры принуждения, в статье автор считает что институт прекращения уголовного дела по основания примирения обладает потенциальным характером профилактики, то есть обвиняемый не подвергается процедуре судебного разбирательства, далее обозначена суть внесение представлений в соответствующие учреждения, казус количества вносимых представлений, а также дальнейшие действия следователя по исполнению внесенного представления, далее обсуждается и не процессуальные формы профилактики, такие как выступления в СМИ, личные беседы с должностными лицами, публикации статей, заметок в печати.
Цифровой адвокат в цифровой системе адвокатуры в Узбекистане
Authors: Тагаева Нигора
Published: December 2022

Данная статья раскрывает понятия и сущность цифрового адвоката в эпоху цифровизации. Освещает проекты по цифровизации адвокатуры. Дает расшифровку деятельности адвоката в цифровом формате. Обращает внимание на предстоящие изменения в законодательстве, связанном с деятельностью адвокатуры.
Термиз ва Чағониёнда Темурийлар даври ижтимоий-маданий жараёнлар
Authors: Абдурахмонов Азамат , Мирзаев Жалолиддин
Published: December 2022

Ушбу мақолада Термиз археология музейининг саккизинчи кўргазма зали Амир Темур ва темурийлар даврида Термиз ва Чағониён маданиятига бағишланган бўлиб, ушбу кўргазма залида Қирққиз, Кокилдор ота, Султон Саодат мажмуаси макетлари, сирланган уй-рўзғор буюмлари, Амир Темур давлати харитаси, мис тангалар, шахмат доналари ва ҳарбий анжомлар намойиш этиб келинмоқда. 1370 йилдан-ХVI аср бошларигача бўлган даврни ўз ичига қамраб олган ушбу зал кўргазмаларида намойиш этилаётган ашёвий манбалар Термиз ва Чағониён амалий санъатининг Амир Темур давлати бошқа марказий шаҳарлари маданияти билан ҳамоҳанг тараққий этганлигидан далолат беради.
Profilaktika inspektorining xizmat hududidagi kriminogen vaziyatni o‘rganish va tahlil qilish faoliyati
Authors: Eshqobilov Sirojiddin
Published: December 2022

Ushbu maqolada profilaktika inspektorlarining xizmat hududidagi kriminogen vaziytni o‘rganish va tahlil qilish faoliyati hamda kriminogen vaziyatlar va ularning turlari bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar berilgan.
Маҳкумлар билан тарбиявий ишлар ўтказилиши – жазо мақсадига эришиш воситаси сифатида
Authors: Матчанов Фахриддин
Published: December 2022

Мақолада муаллиф томонидан озодликдан маҳрум этиш тариқасидаги жиноий жазоларни ижро этаётган маҳкумлар билан тарбиявий ишлар ўтказилишининг жиноий жазо мақсадига эришиш воситаси сифатидаги аҳамиятини, мазкур масалага оид айрим жиҳатлар ёритилган.
Шунингдек, мақолада жазони ижро этиш муассасаларида озодликдан маҳрум қилиш жазосини ижро этишда белгиланган тартиб-қоидаларга оғишмай амал қилиниши, жазони ижро этиш муассасалари маъмурияти томонидан давлатнинг мажбурлов чорасини адолатли қўлланилиши бир томондан маҳкумларни қонунга итоаткорлик руҳида тарбиялашга, иккинчи томондан жамиятда ижтимоий адолатнинг ўрнатилишига хизмат қилиши таъкидланган.
Бундан ташқари, глобаллашув жараёнида ривожланган Ғарб мамлакатларида озодликдан маҳрум қилиш жазосини ижро этиш тартиби ва шартларига янгича қарашлар шаклланаётган бир даврда, ушбу соҳада тадқиқот ишларини олиб бориш давр талаби бўлиб қолаётганлиги ҳам таҳлил қилинган.
Аксарият ҳолларда вояга етмаганлар билан амалга ошириладиган тарбиявий ишларга алоҳида эътибор қаратиш зарур. Озодликдан маҳрум қилинганларнинг таълим тарбияси ва уларга қўлланиладиган мажбурлов чораларини амалга оширида рағбатлантириш ва интизомий жазолашнинг аҳамияти улкан ҳисобланади. Маҳкумларни рағбатлантириш ёки интизоий жазолаш чоралари ҳам қонун нормалари билан тартибга солинади. Бу масалаларнинг қонундан ташқари амалга оширилиши мумкин эмас, зеро бу маҳкумларнинг ахлоқан қайта тарбияланишига жиддий салбий таъсир кўрсатиши мумкин.
Мақолада, шунингдек тарбиявий ва ижтимоий мослашув ишларнинг зарур даражада олиб борилмаслиги сабабли, аксарият маҳкумларда эркинликда ҳаётни янгидан бошлашга мақсад йўқлиги, келажакда барқарорлик йўқлигидан ваҳимага тушиш, ўз кучи ва салоҳиятига ишончсизлик, оилавий ришталар узилиб кетганлиги учун оилавий қўллаб-қувватлаш даражаси деярли йўқолиб кетганлиги каби салбий ҳолатларга етаклаши кўрсатиб ўтилган.
Рецидив жиноятнинг асосий тушунчалари ва мазмуни
Authors: Қурбонов Шерзод
Published: December 2022

Мақолада рецидив жиноят, унинг аломатлари ва шаклланиш тарихи, рецидив жиноятга оид тушунчалар ҳуқуқшунос олимларнинг фикр ва мулоҳазалари ёритилиб, муаллифлик таърифлари ишлаб чиқилган ва мавзу юзасидан назарий хулосалар берилган.
Evaluasi Program Kelas Menulis Puisi Menggunakan Model Evaluasi CIPP di Mts Negeri 1 Banjarnegara
Authors: Aspriyanti Legi , Nopi Risky Arbangi , Wagiran Wagiran , Naryoatmojo Deby Luriawati
Published: December 2022

Berjalannya kegiatan ektrakurikuler menulis puisi di MTs Negeri 1 Banjarnegara idealnya diikuti oleh sebuah evaluasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka peneliti hendak melakukan penelitian terhadap kegiatan ektrakurikuler kelas menulis puisi menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (context, input, process, and product). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Adapun model evaluasi yang digunakan ialah model context, input, process, and product (CIPP). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan angket. Sumber data penelitian diperoleh dari kepala sekolah, guru pembimbing, dan peserta didik yang mengikuti program “kelas menulis puisi”. Selanjutnya, data yang telah dikumpulkan akan dianalisis dengan cara reduksi data, analisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada komponen konteks memperoleh persentase 66,5% (kategori baik), komponen masukan memperoleh persentase 68,53% (kategori baik), komponen proses memperoleh persentase 72,22% (kategori baik), dan komponen produk memperoleh persentase 71,5% (kategori baik). Berdasarkan proses evaluasi dengan menggunakan model CIPP, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program kelas menulis puisi di MTs Negeri 1 Banjarnegara dapat dikatakan baik. Oleh karena itu, peneliti memberikan masukan agar program kelas menulis puisi bisa tetap dijalankan dengan catatan untuk meningkatkan kualitas program demi mencapai hasil yang lebih baik.
Previously operated recurrent pilonidal sinus treated with crystallized phenol: Twenty-year experience in a cohort study
Authors: Kargın Süleyman , Doğru Osman , Turan Ersin , Saygın Kerimoğlu Ramazan , Ebru Nazik Emet , Esen Ebru
Published: December 2022

Objective: Postoperative recurrent pilonidal sinus disease is troublesome, and its treatment is a challenge. In this study, it was aimed to present the long-term efficacy of crystallized phenol treatment on postoperative recurrent pilonidal sinus disease through our results collected within the last 20 years.

Material and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients who had been previously operated on and suffered from recurrent pilonidal sinus disease were enrolled. The operation was applied in our outpatient clinic under local anesthesia. Demographic data of the patients, number of crystallized phenol treatment, duration of follow-up and recurrence numbers were prospectively recorded. Treatment success and factors affecting recurrence were examined.

Results: Our success rate was found as 71.5%. This success rate belongs to the group of patients who never quit treatment and complied with the treatment. The patients were followed up for a mean 45.8 months. Of the post-crystallized phenol treatment recurrences, 72.4% took place within the first five years, while 97.4% did so within the first 10 years. Mean number of crystallized phenol applications was 2.6. The longer the duration of the disease before treatment, the more recurrence was observed after treatment (p= 0.02). There was no correlation between the number of previous operations and recurrence after treatment. As the number of sinus openings increased, so did the number of applications (p= 0.001).

Conclusion: Crystallized phenol treatment yields promising long-term results in recurrent pilonidal sinus disease as well and may be recommended as the first choice in recurrent pilonidal sinus disease treatment since it is an effective non-operative treatment modality.
Evaluation of Echinococcus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cystic Echinococcosis of the liver
Authors: Tolga Kırış Mehmet , Ergün Sefa , Akıncı Ozan , Ergin Sevgi , Velidedeoğlu Mehmet , Sami Kocazeybek Bekir , Göksoy Ertuğrul
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the DNA and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus in liver cyst hydatids isolated in humans.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively at the Department of General Surgery of the Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, University of İstanbul-Cerrahpaşa, between January 2015 and June 2016 in 30 patients who were operated on for cystic Echinococcosis. E. granulosus DNA was analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in the cyst samples (protoscolex and/or germinative membrane) obtained during the operation, and genotype was determined in the PCR positive samples by sequence analysis. At the same time, indirect hemagglutination (IHA) was used to test for the presence of antibodies in the patients’ blood.

Results: E. granulosus DNA was found in 29 out of 30 cystic Echinococcosis of the liver samples. All of the 29 cystic Echinococcosis samples were found to be G1 (sheep) species. Also, IHA was positive in 22 patients and negative in eight patients.

Conclusion: In the present study, G1 species was the most commonly seen liver cystic Echinococcosis species. We suggest that a vaccine, which could be developed against prevalent regional genotypes, would be efficacious in the prevention of the disease with a cause of mortality and morbidity.
COVID-19 outbreak and acute appendicitis: Does the lockdown has a influence on appendectomies?-A single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ocak Sönmez , Faruk Bük Ömer , Safa Uyanık Mustafa , Burak Çiftci Ahmet
Published: December 2022

Objective: Healthcare systems have been negatively affected from COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Elective surgical procedures were postponed and conservative treatment options were considered even in urgent conditions. This study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on urgent appendectomy in a pandemic hospital.

Material and Methods: Patients on whom appendectomy was performed between March 2020- June 2020 were included into the study (pandemic group). For comparison, control group patients were selected in the same period of 2019 (control group). Patients’ demographics, laboratory and radiological findings, length of hospital stay, complications and histopathological findings of the groups were compared.

Results: Forty-six patients were included in pandemic group and and one hundred-one in the control group. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in type of surgery, complications, laboratory and histopathological findings. In the control group, length of hospital stay was longer when compared with the pandemic group.

Conclusion: Although the number of appendectomies performed decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, perioperative parameters were similar in both groups
Short and long term results of anatomical reconstruction of perineal body and sphincter complex in obstetric anal sphincter injuries
Authors: Kemal Kayapınar Ali , Ali Çetin Durmuş , Betül Paköz Zehra , Karakolcu Kübra , Egemen Ertaş İbrahim , Erdinç Kamer Kemal
Published: December 2022

Objective: The effective way to reduce the risk of fecal incontinence (FI) in primary repaired obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) patients is to accurately detect the injury and provide complete anatomical reconstruction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term results of OASIS cases that were diagnosed by an experienced surgical team and whose perineal body and anal sphincters were reconstructed separately.

Material and Methods: Sixteen patients that required consultations due to anal sphincter damage during vaginal delivery and underwent anatomical reconstruction due to Grade 3c and Grade 4 sphincter damage between 2007 and 2019 were included in the study. These cases were divided into three groups [Group 1 (≤12 months), Group 2 (12-60 months), Group 3 (≥60 months)] according to the time elapsed until anal manometry, and incontinence questionnaires were conducted in the postoperative period. Recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), mean resting (IB) and squeezing (SB) pressures were measured by anal manometry. Anal incontinence (AI) and FI rates were determined by questionnaires. Anal sphincter damage repair techniques (overlapping, end-to-end) were determined. These parameters were compared between the three groups.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 27.5 (16-35) years. Six (37.5%) patients had Grade 3c, while 10 (62.5%) had Grade 4 injury. The overall mean RP and SP were 35 (26-56) mmHg and 67 (31-100) mmHg, respectively. Mean RP and SP were 46/67 mmHg, 33.5/75.5 mmHg, and 37.5/70.5 mmHg in Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There was no difference between the three groups in terms of mean RP and SP (p= 0.691, p= 0.673). The rate of AI and FI in all patients were 18.75% and 12.5%, respectively while the rate of severe AI incontinence was 6%. Severe AI was observed in 1 (16.7%) case in Group 1, mild AI was observed in 1 (25%) case in group 2, and in 1 (16.7%) case in Group 3. RAIR was positive in all patients. In Group 1, 5 (83.3%) patients underwent overlapping repair, and in Group 3, 6 (100%) patients underwent end-to-end repair. This difference was statistically significant (p= 0.011).

Conclusion: In vaginal births, evaluation of anal sphincter damage, determination of perineal body structures and anal sphincters separately and performing anatomical reconstruction when needed significantly reduce the rate of FI in the short and long term.
Translating Blake’s Jerusalem into Polish
Authors: Borkowska Eliza
Published: December 2022

A notice in the online news section of Blake in September 2011 informed about an in-progress translation of Jerusalem into Polish by Rafał Stankiewicz and me. Going against the Polish tradition (which has by now become a habit) of publishing Jerusalem only in the form of selected fragments, we desire to present to the Polish-speaking public the entire “golden string,” giving this string as Blakean a gloss as possible and building a Jerusalem that will be a faithful replica of the original. The purpose of this essay is to elaborate upon these metaphors. I would like to explain the motivation behind our project, speak about the obstacles, and share the encouragements, establishing a context for this testimony of a builder of a replica with some reflections concerning the history of Polish Blake translations.
Blake and Stedman as Costumiers: Curious Copies of Blake’s Engravings in 1821
Authors: Bentley, Jr. G. E.
Published: December 2022

Blake’s plates for Stedman were adapted in some surprising contexts. Robert Brandeis noticed this entry in the Swann (New York) catalogue of Printed and Manuscript African-Americana, 21 Feb. 2008, and immediately brought it to my attention.
“another, but far more amiable enthusiast”: References to Catherine and William Blake in the Literary Gazette and La Belle Assemblée (1830)
Authors: Whitehead Angus
Published: December 2022

In Blake Records, G. E. Bentley, Jr., observes that “the publication of Cunningham’s life of Blake provoked a spate of comment upon Blake in the spring of 1830.” Bentley records six traced reviews of Allan Cunningham’s The Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, vol. 2 (1830), that appeared in the first quarter of 1830. This note first discusses a reader’s query, in all probability written in response to one of these reviews, concerning the whereabouts of Catherine Blake, then goes on to record another review of volume 2 of Cunningham’s Lives, which makes several new references to William Blake.
William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 2012
Authors: Bentley, Jr. G. E.
Published: December 2022

This was a bumper year for records of previously unrecorded Blake publications. The total is a multiple of the discoveries in any previous year. Much of this wealth derives from WorldCat, now for the first time systematically mined for Blake. WorldCat is an extraordinary Tom Tiddler’s ground of silver and fool’s gold. On 11 December 2012 it listed 25,195 entries for William Blake. I looked at the first 5,000, which is one reason why there are so many ephemeral works in the present checklist. Many of the newly recorded works here are in periodicals that I rarely search in—indeed that I had never heard of—such as Classification Quarterly, Francis W. Parker School Year Book, Psychological Medicine, and Victoriographics.
Harpers and Other Drawings: The Case for a Unified Composition
Authors: Butlin Martin
Published: December 2022

The recto of the newly discovered drawing from the album of drawings descending from Charles Augustus Tulk, now in the possession of the London art dealer Lowell Libson, has received two contradictory descriptions. Robert N. Essick, in his “Blake in the Marketplace, 2012,” Blake 46.4 (spring 2013): illus. 9, sees it as a “central drawing of a man and woman playing harps and perhaps singing” together with “several other sketches, apparently unrelated to the central drawing.” The anonymous entry in Libson’s catalogue British Paintings and Works on Paper, 2013, p. 50, illus., treats it as a single composition, an early stage in the evolution of the various series of watercolors, drawings, and engravings dealing with the biblical story of Job. This is distinct from the drawings on the reverse of the paper, which in spite of the very basic landscape element linking the figures across the bottom and hints of clouds linking some of the figures above, are to all intents and purposes studies of individual figures or groups of figures, most of which later reappear in America or Europe; both recto and verso are conveniently reproduced facing each other in Libson’s catalogue. My first reaction on seeing the drawing, which I have done on a number of occasions, was that the recto is a single composition and one that certainly suggests associations with the book of Job. Further study of the fine illustrations in Libson’s catalogue has confirmed me in my belief that the work is a single composition, though the question of its subject is more problematic.
Susanne M. Sklar, Blake’s Jerusalem as Visionary Theatre: Entering the Divine Body
Authors: Yoder R. Paul
Published: December 2022

Every reader brings his or her own strengths to Blake’s Jerusalem. Susanne Sklar’s strength lies in her biblical and theological background, and in Blake’s Jerusalem as Visionary Theatre: Entering the Divine Body, she identifies an extensive range of biblical references and echoes in Blake’s masterpiece, while she also embeds the poem in the context of various eighteenth-century social and religious movements, including Freemasonry, Moravianism, and the Messianism of Joanna Southcott. Sklar also wants to use the notion of “visionary theatre” to show that Jerusalem can be read both synchronically (holistically, like a painting) and diachronically (for its story and plot). However, she is more successful at deploying the biblical and theological context than with applying the visionary theatre aspect, and the result is a discussion without a clear overall thesis.
Jonathan Roberts, Blake. Wordsworth. Religion.
Authors: Graver Bruce
Published: December 2022

Blake. Wordsworth. Religion. is the third title in the New Directions in Religion and Literature series, published by Continuum Books. The earlier titles, The New Atheist Novel and Do the Gods Wear Capes?, give some sense of what these new directions might be. So it was comforting to see a stodgy title like Blake. Wordsworth. Religion., even though the scant 100 pages of the book seem undersized for its subject. In fact, Jonathan Roberts has no intention of being comprehensive. Rather, he focuses on Blake’s verse letter to Thomas Butts, “To my Friend Butts I write,” and on the Solitary’s vision of the heavenly Jerusalem in book 2 of Wordsworth’s The Excursion, and uses them to demonstrate how poetry offers “a different type of engagement with religion: one that can enrich rather than narrow understanding, include rather than exclude, and creatively interrelate—rather than destructively set at odds—different approaches to religion” (1).
Steven Goldsmith, Blake’s Agitation: Criticism and the Emotions
Authors: Rosso G. A.
Published: December 2022

This is an imaginative, deeply learned, and passionately argued book. The thinking and writing are sustained throughout at exceptionally high levels. Complex and difficult but readable and clear, the book makes an original and important contribution to Blake studies, though its aims and interests are much broader and more ambitious. I will focus on Goldsmith’s approach to and interpretation of Blake, but since he uses Blake to explore larger concerns in literary theory, the field of emotion/affect studies, and the relation of critical thought to political theory and action, I take these into view. The thread that ties these areas together is the centrality of reading in modern culture, about which Goldsmith has innovative and insightful things to say.
Mark Crosby and Robert N. Essick, eds., Genesis: William Blake’s Last Illuminated Work
Authors: Paley Morton D.
Published: December 2022

The Crosby-Essick edition begins, appropriately, with the facsimile itself. This is a beautiful piece of work, bringing out even very faint pencil lines, faithfully reproducing the delicate watercolors of the first two pages, and presenting the reader with pages of the size and approximate texture of the original. The editors’ commentary and notes appear in the last part of the book (23-51), and I will discuss these along with the images themselves, starting with the two title pages, one of which is considered a substitute for the other.
Rediscovering William Hayley: A Review Article: Paul Foster, ed., with Diana Barsham, William Hayley (1745–1820) Poet, Biographer, and Libertarian: A Reassessment and William Hayley (1745–1820): Selected Poetry
Authors: Wittreich Joseph
Published: December 2022

Both of these volumes—the first an anthology of provocative essays (hereafter referred to as Essays) and the second a selection of Hayley’s mostly numbing poetry (hereafter referred to as Selected Poetry)—proceed from the understanding that Hayley has been lost to both the history of poetry and the annals of literary history. Individual essays reinforce the point, and from different perspectives reaffirm the overarching claim of both volumes: Hayley, for too long “a missing person,” is now ripe for “reassessment” as “a writer equally at home in the centre or on the margins of the culture of his day” (Barsham and Foster, Essays 5, 7).
Martha Redbone Roots Project, The Garden of Love: Songs of William Blake
Authors: Newman Steve
Published: December 2022

Like so many others, I have Allen Ginsberg to thank for introducing me to the idea that Songs of Innocence and of Experience are poems meant to be sung. When I was a sophomore, he visited my university and, after performing many of his own poems, he launched into a rendition of “Nurse’s Song” (Innocence). Accompanying himself on the harmonium, he spoke-sung the nurse’s part, then climbed into a thready falsetto for the children’s voices, and concluded with a rousing “And all the hills ecchoéd” that he repeated for what must have been five minutes, drawing the crowd into chanting it, trailing off at the end into a near-silent prayer. Afterwards, I mustered the courage to ask him about singing Blake, and he confirmed that Blake had in fact sung the Songs, though no record of the arrangements survives. Over the years, I have heard many other takes on the Songs, from Benjamin Britten’s intense art songs to the industrial calypso Cockney (I think that accurately describes it) of Jah Wobble’s “Tyger Tyger.” The breadth of styles attests to the vitality and accessibility of the verse and the vision behind it. Given Blake’s stress on the individual’s right to interpretation, it would seem un-Blakean to insist that one style truly captures Blake and to rule the others out of court. But I don’t think it’s invidious to say that I now have the Martha Redbone Roots Project’s deep and powerful The Garden of Love to thank for reintroducing me to Blake’s lyrics as songs to be belted out, crooned, and ruminated upon.
Andrew M. Cooper, William Blake and the Productions of Time
Authors: Yoder R. Paul
Published: December 2022

Andrew Cooper’s William Blake and the Productions of Time offers many challenges and many rewards. In a discussion that spans Blake’s career, but focuses primarily on the Songs of Innocence, Urizen, Milton, and the painting of The Vision of the Last Judgment, Cooper explores the interface between the past and the future (otherwise known as the present), between the external world of objects and the internal mental world of ideas, and between the human and the divine. In doing so, he connects Blake to eighteenth-century explorations of brain physiology and the processes of perception. Cooper approaches these interfaces as a sort of Zeno’s paradox, asking just how close do you have to be to the wall to register as contact? In his discussion, Blake’s image of the vortex serves as the vehicle by which this constant but constantly changing moment is entered.
Helen P. Bruder and Tristanne Connolly, eds., Queer Blake
Authors: Mazzeo Tilar J.
Published: December 2022

The central critical object of this essay collection is an interesting one. The authors gathered here undertake to consider how Blake’s commitment to sexual liberation can be extended to include queer sexualities (defined, perhaps needless to say, not simply as homosexual but more broadly in the terms of post-structuralist theory). They are also considering, in many cases, how a “queered” Blake intersects with the history of Blake’s period and the history of Blake studies. In the introduction, for example, the volume’s editors make the salient point that the critical investment in Blake’s working-class political radicalism may have resulted in a bias against reading for homosexual or homosocial references in his work or his biography, because both were frequently coded as aristocratic “vices” (5-6).
Blake’s Priestly Blessing: God Blesses Job—Postscript
Authors: Shiff Abraham Samuel
Published: December 2022

G. E. Bentley, Jr.’s report of a newly discovered book owned by Blake, The History of the Present Jews, prompts this postscript to my article “Blake’s Priestly Blessing: God Blesses Job,” where I argue that Blake incorporated into his artwork the hand gesture that is integral to the Jewish synagogue ritual of the priestly blessing.
Tobias Churton, Jerusalem! The Real Life of William Blake
Authors: Read Dennis M.
Published: December 2022

Starting with its boastful title, complete with an exclamation point, Tobias Churton’s book promises much. The boast is driven by two claims: that the papers of Churton’s ancestor Ralph Churton (1754–1831), an English churchman and Oxford University academic, significantly illuminate Blake’s life and times, and that Blake’s works should be viewed through the lens of Gnosticism, particularly the theosophy of Jakob Böhme. Churton argues that Blake “has been lost under a myriad of inadequate biographies, college dissertations and arts commentaries, too frequently written by people who have not found the luminescent keys to Blake’s symbolism and liberating spirit” (xxviii). He aims to provide luminescence.
Blake in the Marketplace, 2016
Authors: Essick Robert N.
Published: December 2022

Among Blake’s least studied major works are his watercolor illustrations to the Bible painted for his patron Thomas Butts. More than eighty are extant or have been recorded. The Hymn of Christ and the Apostles, one of only six remaining in private hands, was offered at Sotheby’s 28 January auction in New York. Unfortunately, this beautiful design is faded and the paper yellowed, no doubt due to overexposure to light over many years. The same auction included The Descent of Man into the Vale of Death, one of Blake’s watercolor illustrations for Robert Blair’s The Grave.
Colored Copies of Blair’s Grave (1808, 1813): A Census
Authors: Bentley, Jr. G. E.
Published: December 2022

The information in this census derives from auction catalogues and from the copies themselves when traced. They are not described at all in Martin Butlin, The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake (1981), or in Blake Books (1977), Blake Books Supplement (1995), and “William Blake and His Circle” in Blake (1994–), except incidentally.
A Copy of Blake’s Adam and Eve Asleep
Authors: Essick Robert N.
Published: December 2022

Martin Butlin has recently attributed to William Blake a previously unrecorded watercolor drawing of Adam and Eve Asleep based closely on the work of the same title in the series of Blake’s Paradise Lost designs commissioned by Thomas Butts in 1808. Butlin further claims that the newly discovered drawing is a fourth member of the John Linnell series of Paradise Lost designs of 1822 (Butlin no. 537), modeled on the Butts group. I first became aware of this work when a London art dealer kindly sent me a high-resolution JPEG image of it late in August 2016. My first reaction was that the drawing was both beautiful and unfinished, as I told the dealer in an e-mail. As I continued to study the work, I became increasingly disturbed by the weakness (or absence) of pen and ink outlining of forms and the awkward face of the rightmost angel. After e-mail discussions with a few fellow Blake enthusiasts, I concluded that the drawing is a copy of the Butts version by a hand other than Blake’s. This assessment is based on the digital image provided by the dealer; I have not seen the drawing itself.
The “Linnell” Adam and Eve Asleep: The Case for the Defense
Authors: Butlin Martin
Published: December 2022

With the combined condemnation of three of the most visually sensitive of Blake specialists, one is tempted to roll over and surrender. But doubts arrive, and a combination of misstatements, misunderstandings, and disputable arguments, to say nothing of actual contradictions of fact, has tempted me to return to the fray. To begin with, there is the problem of “copying.” Comparisons with the original watercolor from the Butts collection are one thing, those with the copies done for Linnell another. In the case of the first, as reflected in the relatively faint pencil drawing under the later work in pen and watercolor, it is hardly surprising, though not accurate, to talk of the copying as being “meticulous” or “slavish.” That is the usual intention when one copies another work. Both Robert Essick and Joseph Viscomi go on to demonstrate details of where Blake departs from the original, usually for the worse. It would be tedious to go through every example they quote, but one may suffice. This is the small twig bearing leaves apparently with no connection to any branch or tree, on the righthand side of the picture, more or less on the horizon. I myself find the freedom of this motif rather refreshing, and there are precedents in other Blake works, in particular the first series of illustrations to the book of Job (Butlin 550 1 and 19; see also Butlin 551 19).
garuh Pijat Urut Tradisional Indonesia (Relaksasi), dan Peregangan (Stretching) Terhadap Nyeri Punggung Bawah (LBP) yang Disebabkan Spasme Otot
Authors: Matsani Matsani  , Willie Japaries  , Adi Suhardi Herjanto
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi terapi pijat urut tradisional dan peregangan (stretching), sebagai suatu terapi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah low back pain (LBP) yang terjadi karena spasme otot. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif eksperimen dengan desain menggunakan tes awal dan tes ahir sehingga besarnya efek perlakuan dapat diketahui. Sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling berjumlah 13 orang dengan kriteria penjahit yang bekerja lebih dari 10 tahun dan bekerja lebih dari 9 jam/hari, usia 30 tahun - 50 tahun, dan mengalami nyeri punggung bawah muskuloskeletal atau karena spasme otot. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji statistic SPSS (paired sample t test), diperoleh hasil bahwa p value 0,000 pada α=0,05 (p<0,05) yang berarti Ho ditolak dan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pijat tradisional Indonesia dan peregaangan terhadap tingkat nyeri punggung bawah (LBP) pada penjahit di kelurahan Tugu.