bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ;
Authors: NAQVI SYED HYDER RAZA , - MAHAYROOKH , REHMAN ASIF BIN
Published: September 2021

Objective: To study the spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties of Terminalia chebula. Diagnostic parameter of smoothmuscle activity was used for the determination of characteristic spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of T. chebula. Design:Experimental study. Setting: This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, KarachiUniversity. Period: From 2005 to 2006. Material & method: This experimental study was conducted on isolated smooth muscle ofrabbit's intestine. Segment of small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was mounted in Tyroid's solution filled organ bath with maintainedo temperature at 37 C to record dose response activity. Results: It is observed that at the dose of 1 mg/ml there is a slight decrease in theresponse (0.88 cm 0.035 cm) as compare to control (1.15cm 0.040 cm). At 10 mg/ml there is a relaxing response of smooth muscleactivity (0.85cm 0.08cm) from control (1.08cm 0.125cm). While the relaxation is prominent at the doses of 20 mg/ml (0.9cm 0.5cm)and 25 mg/ml (0.55cm 0.035cm) from control (1.4cm 0.155cm) and (1.3cm 0.07cm) respectively with (p value 0.05). The effect of-2 ethyl acetate fraction shows initially relaxation and this effect disappeared after the administration of acetylcholine 1x10 M, but fullresponse of acetylcholine is not produced due to occupancy of muscarinic receptor by the extract. Conclusions: The effect of T. chebulashowed a spontaneous decrease in the movement of smooth muscles of rabbit's intestine as compared to control experiments.
SUBGROUP DISCOVERY OF THE MODY GENES;
Authors: KANWAL ATTIYA , FAZAL SAHAR , ASGHAR SOHAIL , Naeem Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background: The pandemic of metabolic disorders is accelerating in the urbanized world posing huge burden to healthand economy. The key pioneer to most of the metabolic disorders is Diabetes Mellitus. A newly discovered form of diabetes is MaturityOnset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). MODY is a monogenic form of diabetes. It is inherited as autosomal dominant disorder. Till to date11 different MODY genes have been reported. Objective: This study aims to discover subgroups from the biological text documentsrelated to these genes in public domain database. Data Source: The data set was obtained from PubMed. Period: September-December,2011. Materials and Methodology: APRIORI-SD subgroup discovery algorithm is used for the task of discovering subgroups. A wellknown association rule learning algorithm APRIORI is first modified into classification rule learning algorithm APRIORI-C. APRIORI-Calgorithm generates the rule from the discretized dataset with the minimum support set to 0.42% with no confidence threshold. Total 580rules are generated at the given support. APRIOIR-C is further modified by making adaptation into APRIORI-SD. Results: Experimentalresults demonstrate that APRIORI discovers the substantially smaller rule sets; each rule has higher support and significance. The rulesthat are obtained by APRIORI-C are ordered by weighted relative accuracy. Conclusion: Only first 66 rules are ordered as they cover therelation between all the 11 MODY genes with each other. These 66 rules are further organized into 11 different subgroups. The evaluationof obtained results from literature shows that APRIORI-SD is a competitive subgroup discovery algorithm. All the association amonggenes proved to be true.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: SHAIKH MUHAMMED KHALID , SAMO JAVED AKHTAR , SHAIKH SAMINA , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of raised C-reactive protein in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Design:Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Department of Medicine at Liaquat University Hospital (tertiary care teaching hospitals).Period: April 2012 to September 2012. Patients and methods: All patients above 12 years of age, of either gender with history of nausea,vomiting, recurrent abdominal pain, dyspepsia or abdominal discomfort, heartburn, bloating and halitosis through casualty outdoordepartment (COD) or admitted in medical unit were evaluated and enrolled in the study. For the detection of Helicobacter pylori the 3 ccvenous blood sample of relevant patients was taken in a disposable syringe. After detecting the H. pylori infection, the H. pylori individualswere further evaluated for serum C-reactive protein by taking 3cc venous blood sample in a disposable syringe and sent to laboratory foranalysis. The patients with raised CRP were also evaluated for their lipid profile to detect dyslipidemia. The data was collected onpredesigned proforma and then entered, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. Results: During six month study period total 92patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were recruited and studied for serum C-reactive protein. The mean age ± SD for overallpopulation was 43.22±8.31, whereas the mean age ±SD for male and female population was 41.24±7.94 and 44.76±9.42respectively. The raised CRP was detected in 61(66%) patients (p=0.02). The mean value ± SD of raised CRP in male and femalepopulation was 6.30±2.86 and 7.82±3.21 respectively. Of 61(66%) patients with raised CRP the dyslipidemia was identified in 45(74%)patients (p=0.03). Out of 45, the raised triglycerides was observed in 08(18%) patients, low HDL in 10(22%) patients, raised LDL in13(29%), raised cholesterol in 07(16%) whereas 07(16%) patients had mix dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The raised CRP was identified inpatients with Helicobacter pylori infection, the dyslipidemia was observed in raised CRP population.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG INTERACTION;
Authors: REHMAN, HINA , HUSSAIN, AMMAR
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular drug interaction is the alarming and becoming leading cause of death in the society ofKarachi Pakistan where the prevalence rate of CVS diseases in urban areas is very high. Objective: The aim was to evaluate thecardiovascular interactions in poly prescription in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: The methodology adopted for this study iscross sectional study. Material & Methods: In which verbally and signed informed consent prepare which help to limitize the biasness.Results: In this study the determination of the percentage of interactions is about 30%.The gender which is most susceptible forinteraction is females. The Significance or consequences of interaction would measured by minor, moderate and major level. In our studyminor is about 28, moderate is about19 while Major is about 9.The most untoward effects which was seen was bradycardia and the classof drug which lead for interaction is Beat and ACE blockers in the prescribing practice and some severe interaction lead to life threatening.Conclusion: The main result which is concluding for this study is the huge number of interaction which is found in the prescription createslife threatening circumstances. With the proper consultation and time we can minimize the interaction as well as the health scenario canbe improved and the quality of life can be improved.
PRE-LABOUR RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AT TERM;
Authors: KHAN BUSHA , RASHEED NUZHAT , MUKHTAR BUSHRA
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare maternal and perinatal outcome in cases of PROM at term, following induction with vaginalmisoprostol (PGE1) to shorten the duration of labour with those managed expectantly. Design: Quasi Experimental study. Setting: Thestudy was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology labour room unit-1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur.Population: Term pregnancies (37-42 wks) with PROM and cephalic alive fetuses. Methods: Sixty patients with confirmed diagnosis ofPROM were randomized into two groups i.e, A&B. Group A comprising 30 patients were induced with tab. Misoprostol 25 ug at 6 hrlyinterval max of four doses and group B was managed expectantly for 24 hrs followed by induction with intravenous oxytocin. OutcomeMeasures: Total duration of labour, mode of delivery, maternal infection rates and, APGAR score at 1 and 5 min. Results: It was found thatboth groups had similar characteristics, but the misoprostol group had a significantly shorter time interval from PROM to delivery (18.9 vs27.5 hours) i.e total duration of labour. Caesarean section rates were 20% in the misoprostol group and 30.7% in the other. There were nodifferences between them regarding fetal well being, complications during labour and delivery and neonatal or postpartum maternalmorbidity. Within 24 hours, 44% of women had delivered in the expectant group against 73.3% in the misoprostol group. Conclusion:Immediate labour induction with misoprostol in cases of term PROM shortens the total duration of labour, and the time of maternalhospitalization without any maternal and perinatal outcomes disadvantages.
HAPLOTYPES AND GENOTYPES;
Authors: MAHMOOD HAMID , HASSAN SITARA , RIAZ HASHIM , Akhtar Waseem
Published: September 2021

Rh-D distribution varies worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to document the frequency of Rhesus alleles,haplotypes and genotypes in Aljouf region, Sakaka. The EE genotype is not generally represented in the Aljouf province, and DcE/Cegenotypes are the shared (30.8%), while Dce/Dce and Dce/ce genotypes are less familiar (1.4%). Results: The frequency distribution ofRh haplotypes among Aljouf population in the present study CDE(0.701) has the highest observed frequency followed by Cde (0.250),cDe (0.116) and CDe (0.040), cDE (0.028), cde(0.021) and cdE(0.008). The data generated during this study would be important, a baseline for advance to be catalogued by molecular rather than serological criteria, and of polymorphisms between RHD and RHCE, which willbe a useful for DNA typing and to provide the development of suitable DNA techniques.
CAESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY;
Authors: SULTANA RAZIA , ISLAM SAIF-UL- , - NURJAHAN
Published: September 2021

Caesarean Scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of Ectopic pregnancy where the gestation sac is surrounded bymyometrium and the fibrous tissue of the scar from the previous caesarean section. It is often misdiagnosed as Molar pregnancy orInevitable Abortion and can be associated with massive hemorrhage and pervaginal bleeding leading to uterine rupture. Here we reporteda case of Caesarean scar pregnancy who presented with history of cesarean section and pervaginal bleeding. Dilatation and curettagewas planned but during the operative procedure there was profuse hemorrhage leading to hypovolumic shock which was managed byBlood and venesection then emergency laparotomy followed by Total Abdominal Hysterectomy done as life saving procedure,th postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on 10 postoperative day. Diagnosis is important as caesarean scarpregnancy is associated with life threatening complications such as uterine rupture, massive hemorrhage and the need for Hysterectomywith subsequent loss of fertility.
ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY;
Authors: KALSOOM SHABANA , TARAR SHAHIDA HUSSAIN , NAZ TAHMINA
Published: September 2021

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is an important public health problem especially in developing countries. It is a majorcause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also has a significant impact on health of foetus .The causative factors vary in differentcommunities. Objectives and Methods: The purpose of study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia amongpregnant women receiving antenatal care at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital Gujrat. The attending doctor filled a Proforma at the firstantenatal visit and blood sample was also drawn for complete blood counts. Results: Out of 560 women studied,419(74.8%) womenwere anaemic .Anaemia was more prevalent in multigravidae (77.6%) than in primigravidae (69.3%).Regarding severity 69.9%mild,26.7% moderate and 3.3% cases were of severe anaemia respectively. The severity increased with increasing parity. The prevalencealso increased with decreasing birth intervals (p=0.001) and late booking (p=0.002).Anaemia was more common among uneducated(78.6%) or those educated up to primary (72.7%). Intake of meat/chicken less than 2times/week (p=0.01) and PICA (p=0.005) werealso the risk factors for anaemia development in pregnancy. Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia in antenatal care attendees of ABSHis very high. Frequent child birth with lack of birth spacing, late booking, low educational status and poor dietary habits are the major riskfactors that need urgent attention of health care providers.
MULTIPLE TRANSFUSIONS;
Authors: AKRAM MUHAMMAD , BAJWA YOUNAS , CH. M. NAWAZ , Asif Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background: Multiple transfusions in patients of thalassemia who are conventionally treated by a regular transfusionregimen. Though regular blood transfusion improves the overall survival of patients with thalassemia, it carries a definite risk of infectionwith blood-borne viruses. The present study was carried out to estimate the real frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among Pakistanithalassemic patients, and determine the infection-associated risk factors in these patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV in children with multiple transfusions. Setting: Shalimar Hospital, Lahore. The samples were collected from Children Hospital, MayoHospital and Fatimid Foundation; Lahore. Period: June 2012 to Nov 2012. Subjects & Methods: One hundred blood samples werecollected from the children with multiple transfusions. Two to three ml of blood was taken from each multiply transfused child who hadreceived more than two blood transfusions. Serum was separated from each sample by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes. Afterserum separation, all the samples were stored at -80°C. The HCV antibody can be detected by anti-HCV Rapid Test but third or fourthgeneration enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is considered a better indicator of the seropositivity of this antibody. Results:The ages ranged from 6 months to >12 years. The mean age of children in the study was 6.17±4.13 years. There were 70 were malesand 30 were females. Male to female ratio is 2.3:1. There are 58 thalassemic children, 27 different types of leukemia and 11 are aplasticanemia. Two children are with neuroblastoma while one each with thrombobasthenia and CDA-1. Conclusions: We concluded that a veryhigh HCV prevalence which calls for adoption of stricter donor selection criteria, rigid implementation of quality control measures and useof more sensitive and specific techniques for HCV testing.
SERUM B12 DEFICIENCY;
Authors: NISA QAMAR-UN- , ALAM MUHAMMAD TANVEER , KHIEMANI HARILAL , Chandna Ayesha , Wasay Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of various neurological and psychiatric symptoms associated with B12 deficiency.Study design: Observational and descriptive study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted on patients presenting to theneurology clinics and inpatients who were admitted through the emergency department at Aga khan University Hospital Karachi, from 1stJuly 2011 to March 2012. Subjects and methods: 150 patients of either gender and age more than 18 years. Detailed history was takenfrom all the patients with special regard to anemia. Inclusion criteria were that patients above 18 years of age of either sex with low serumB12 levels. Patients having any type of neurological tumors, major ischemic stroke, major intracranial haemorrhage, patients onneuroleptic medications and any evidence of toxin induced neuropathy were excluded. All patients underwent for specific investigationcomplete blood count, serum B12 levels (derived by Radio Assay method (RIA). Further investigations Nerve Conduction Studies /Electromyography and CT Scan / Magnetic resonance Imaging of the Brain / spinal cord were carried out as and when required,depending on the clinical scenario. Results: There were 69 (46%) males and 81(54%) females. Female to male ratio was 1:0.8. The ageranged between 18 to 90 years with the mean age of 45.7+ 5.6. Out of 150 patients 107 patients (71.3 %) had severe vitamin B 12deficiency while 43 (28.7%) had mild to moderate deficiency. Neurological manifestations which were observed included; Memory wasimpaired in 13 (8.7%) of the patients. Dysarthia, along with other cerebellar signs (Nystagmus and dysdiadochokinesia) was present in9 patients (6%). 4 patients (2.7%) sought medical attention regarding their abnormal gait and their neurological examination revealedextensor planter responses and hyperreflexia. Cranial nerve examination revealed Anosmia in 2 (1.3%) and upper motor neuron facialweakness in 1 (0.66%) patients. Motor weakness was found in 2 patients (1. 3%), and spasticity in 2 (1.3%) patients. 5 patients (3.3%)had sensory complains and were found to have impaired pain and touch perception. Proximal muscle weakness in one patient whileanother patient had asymmetric muscle weakness and rest of the patients had normal muscle power. None of the patient had autonomicdysfunction. In six neuropsychiatric problems were commonly seen in vitamin B 12 deficient people. In these patients depression wasobserved in 16%, agitation 12.7 %, memory impairment 8.7%, cerebellar signs and dysarthria 6%, sensory symptoms 3.3% and gaitabnormality and hyperreflexia and extensor planters 2.7 %. Conclusions: Various Neuropsychiatric problems are associated with vitaminB 12 deficiency and the most common Neuropsychiatric illness found in these patients were depression, agitation, and memoryimpairment.
SMALL BOWEL DIVERTICULAR DISEASE;
Authors: LATIF ANSAR , ANSAR ANILA , BUTT MUHAMMAD QASIM
Published: September 2021

Objectives: 1). To see the prevalence of small bowel diverticulosis in patients presenting with acute abdomen. 2). To knowpresentation and complications of diverticulosis in teaching hospital in Sialkot region of Pakistan. Introduction: Small bowel diverticulardisease may be complicated by small bowel obstruction. Multiple diverticulosis represents an uncommon pathology of the small bowel.Related complications such as diverticulitis, perforation, bleeding or intestinal obstruction, and acute pancreatitis appear in 10-30% ofthe patients, increasing the morbidity and mortality rates. This pathology which is uncommon is much higher in our study in patientsundergoing exploratory laparotomy in district level hospitals in Sialkot region of Pakistan. Study Design: Prospective and observational.Setting and duration: Combined Military Hospital, Sialkot (June 2005 to August 2010). Islam teaching hospital, Sialkot (September 2010to September 2012). Methods: 260 consecutive patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy for obstruction, peritonitis, pain and massabdomen were included in the study. Patient with established cause of obstruction were excluded. The data including demographicinformation, presentation, operative findings, complications and follow up were entered in structured proforma. Patients with less thanthree months of followup were also excluded from study. Results: Small bowel diverticuli were encountered in 24 (9%) out of 260 patientsincluding; 8 (3%) Meckel's, 9 (3.5%) jejunal, 3 (1.2%) duodenal and 4 (1.5%) Ileal diverticuli. These patients with diverticuli presented asintestinal obstruction, peritonitis, mass abdomen, vague abdominal pain and one patient with fresh bleeding per rectum. The indicationsof surgery were peritonitis 6 (25%), intestinal obstruction 13 (54.2%), abdominal mass 3(12.5%), nonspecific abdominal pain 1 (4.2%)and fresh bleeding per rectum of obscure origin 1 (4.2%). Complications encountered as Intestinal obstruction due to adhesion formationin 8; obstruction due to congenital bands attached to diverticuli in 3; diverticular perforation in 2; peritonitis due to diverticulitis in2,bleeding from arteriovenous malformation within the jejuna diverticuli in 1 and mass formation due to volvulus in 1. Three duodenaldiverticuli and 4 jejunal diverticuli were found as silent pathologies synchronous with other active pathologies.
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS;
Authors: IFTIKHAR RAHEEL , KAMRAN SULTAN MEHMOOD , ABBASS, KUMAIL , Haider, Ehtesham
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our population. DataSource: Random selection of DM II patients from Outpatient Department CMH, Kharian. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:Combined Military Hospital Kharian, Department of Medicine. Duration of study: January 2011 to December 2011. Materials &Methods: We selected outdoor patients of DM-2 from both gender between 40 to 70 yrs of age by random sampling. Those selected,were subjected to blood fasting and random glucose measurements as well as serum magnesium levels. Blood samples were collectedusing full aseptic measures and within one hour, samples were transported to Armed Forces institute of Pathology (AFIP) for analysis.Serum magnesium level estimation was done by timed endpoint method using calmagite dye. DXC 600 automated analyzer was used.The results were verified by Pathologist. Results: The overall frequency of Hypomagnesemia was 32.2% (124 out of the 385 subjects)using the cutoff value of less than 0.6mmol/l for Hypomagnesaemia, whereas 67.8% (261 out of the 385 individual) had normal serummagnesium levels. Conclusions: Significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffers from Hypomagnesaemia. Thesepatients have increased risk risk of poor Glycemic control and diabetic complications due to Hypomagnesemia. Therefore, it isrecommended that serum magnesium levels should be checked regularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and oral magnesiumreplacement should be done.
DISPLACED SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL FRACTURES;
Authors: SHAH, ZAKIR ALI , ARIF UZMA
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare outcome of patients with supracondylar fractures of humerus treated by cross k wires and lateralentry k wires in children. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial study. Place and duration of study: January 2012 to December2012 at Department of Orthopedics, Nawaz Sharif Social Security hospital, Lahore. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred patients,meeting the selection criteria were identified. These patients were divided into group A and group B randomly. In group A cross k wirefixation and in group B lateral entry k wire fixation was performed. Loss of reduction was assessed and recorded in the immediatepostoperative period and three weeks later at the time of removal of k wires. Range of motion of the elbow, in the form of excellent outcomewas assessed at the end of 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Loss of reduction wasfound in thirty patients (30%) in group A and in forty one patients (41%) in group B. In group A, seventy two patients (72%) had excellentoutcome while twenty eight patients (28%) did not gain the desired range of motion at elbow. In group B, sixty five patients (65%) hadexcellent outcome while in thirty five patients (35%), the desired range of motion at elbow was not achieved. No neurological injuryoccurred with both configurations. Conclusions: Lateral entry k wire fixation is as effective as cross k wire in the treatment of displacedsupracondyler fracture of humerus in children.
UNSTABLE ANGINA
Authors: Alam Shazia , Syum Naqvi Syed Baqir , Ahmed Maqsood , Syum Naqvi Syed Baqir
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the direct treatment cost of unstable angina (UA) withlow molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in conservative management. Study design: Prospectivestudy. Settings: Government cardiovascular hospital and private tertiary care hospital, Karachi.Study period: One year. Method: All 487 patients with either sex having cardiac history ofischemic heart disease, presenting chest pain diagnosed to have unstable angina admitted inhospital for 2-8 days were recruited and entered in study. The current prospective study wasdesigned to analyze the direct treatment cost of UA with LMWH. Data was collected throughproforma and results were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Results were represented interms of percentages, frequencies and means of cost contribution of LMWH. All costs valuesconverted from Pakistani currency (PKR) into US dollars ($) as per exchange rate of 2014. Lessnumber of prescriptions found for fondaparinux (24.85%) than enoxaparin (70%). The estimatedmean of drug cost particularly observed in three treatment groups of patients who receivedenoxaparin, fondaparinux and dalteparin was $36, $ 15 and $ 47 correspondingly. Moreover,4 days total direct cost of enoxaparin and fondaparinux was $191, $ 84 and 6 days treatmentcosts $ 149 with dalteparin to treat a single case of UA. It has been found that fondaparinuxsignificantly lowers the cost of care in comparison to enoxaparin and dalteparin. Conclusion:Current analysis concluded that in the treatment of unstable angina, fondaparinux found to bea dominant strategy that simultaneously lowers the cost of care in conservative management.
The dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19: a mini-review
Authors: Sabah Alharazy
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, China, and caused coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is still a global pandemic. Dermatologic manifestations have increasingly been identified as significant extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. The dermatologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection reported to date include maculopapular rash, vesicular lesions, urticaria-like lesions, and chilblain-like lesions. Knowledge of dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 may be essential for early diagnosis and a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of common COVID-19-associated dermatologic manifestations.
Effects of sentiment and emotion of campaign pitch on crowdfunding performance: A cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Gao Xiang , Huang Weige , Ryu Sunghan
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effects of two extreme sentiments (positive vs. negative) and eight types of emotion (anger, fear, anticipation, trust, surprise, sadness, joy, and disgust) implied by the wording of the campaign pitch on the outcomes of crowdfunding, and how these effects would vary according to cultural differences (Western vs. Eastern). We analyze a sample drawn from 17,289 crowdfunding projects on Kickstarter in the "design" and "technology" category to examine how feelings can affect the success, the number of backers, and pledged amounts for crowdfunding projects. We find three regularities by using propensity score match to map Western campaigns to Eastern ones. First, negative sentiment is adversely associated with the success probability but positively related to backer count in the Eastern culture subsample. Second, specific emotions have a larger impact on crowdfunding success among Western culture projects. Third, the statistical significance and direction of the concerning effects differ across the two cultures. Our findings stay robust when we add more controls in a stepwise way. Hence, the study contributes to the literature and provides suggestions for practitioners by exploring the role of derived feelings in the crowdfunding campaign pitch and the entrepreneurial pitch at the early financing stage.
Kajian Agronomi Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Sorgum Varietas Numbu di Kabupaten Ende
Authors: Murdaningsih Murdaningsih , Uran Adrianus F G
Published: September 2021

Sorghum is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed on dry land as a food source, has the ability to adapt widely, and requires less agricultural inputs than other food crops. Ende Regency is an area that has a dry climate and is dominated by dry land agriculture, so it has the potential for the development of sorghum plants. The purpose of this study was to conduct an agronomic study of the development of Nambu sorghum variety with the application of chicken manure. The research was conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments chicken manure doses, i.e. A0: 0 tons per ha (control), A1: 3.25 tons per ha, A2: 6.5 tons per ha, A3: 9.75 tons per ha, and A4: 13 tons per ha. The application of chicken manure of 13 tons per ha to sorghum plants resulted in growth and yield variables with the highest values, i.e., plant height 277.08 cm, leaf number 15.69 pieces, leaf area 8720.03 cm2, fresh stover weight base 354.69 g, dry stover weight 249.38 g, panicle length 20.54 g, panicle dry weight 24.63 g, number of seeds per panicle 1392.19 g, 1000 seeds weight 7.50 g.

Keywords: Chicken manure, dry land, food, sorghum.

 

ABSTRAK

Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada lahan kering sebagai sumber pangan, memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi secara luas, serta membutuhkan input pertanian relatif lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanaman pangan lainnya. Kabupaten Ende merupakan daerah yang beriklim kering dan dengan dominasi pertanian lahan kering, sehingga berpotensi untuk pengembangan tanaman sorgum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian agronomis pengembangan tanaman sorgum varietas Nambu dengan aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam. Penelitan dilakukan dengan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan 5 perlakuan penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam, yakni A0: 0 ton per ha (kontrol), A1: 3,25 ton per ha, A2: 6,5 ton per ha, A3: 9,75 ton per ha, dan A4: 13 ton per ha. Aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam sebesar 13 ton per ha terhadap tanaman sorgum menghasilkan variabel-variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil dengan nilai-nilai tertinggi, yaitu tinggi tanaman 277,08 cm, jumlah daun 15,69 helai, luas daun 8720,03 cm2, bobot brangkasan basah 354,69 g, bobot brangkasan kering 249,38 g, panjang malai 20,54 g, bobot malai kering 24,63 g, jumlah biji per malai 1392,19 g, bobot 1000 biji 7,50 g.

Kata Kunci: Lahan kering, pangan, pupuk kandang ayam, sorgum.
Measuring the Level of Agreement on the Development of Sustainable Framework for TVET Teacher Education Program in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hamdan Nor Hidayah , Md Yunos Jailani ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Chee Sern Lai ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ibrahim Badaruddin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Munastiwi Erni ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga
Published: September 2021

TVET Teacher Education program in Malaysia has been established to produce TVET teachers who can meet the criteria of the 21st Century. This study is the first to investigate the agreement level of lecturers in the TVET teacher education program on the development of the related sustainable framework. We developed a questionnaire to assess the level of agreement on the domain and elements needed for the sustainable framework for the TVET Teacher Education program in Malaysia. We then conducted a survey involving 117 TVET Teacher Education programs lecturers in all Malaysia public universities. The data were analysed using Descriptive Analysis involving the mean score and standard deviation. The result indicates the lecturers perceived the Role of Government [M=6.11; SD = .697] as the highest domain important to developing the sustainable framework and the Criteria of Sustainable Management System [M=5.72; SD= .843] as the lowest agreed on the importance of the domain. Moreover, the entire sustainable framework perceived a high level of agreement from the respondent. It is believed that with this sustainable framework of the TVET Teacher Education program, the criteria of Malaysian TVET teacher produced can be tailored to the need of future education. We recommended that the replication of this study from different teacher education programs in Malaysia ensure all teachers in Malaysia are qualified and versatile with future education.
DOES TOURISM SECTOR MATTER IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Tidar University, Faculty of Economic, Magelang, Indonesia, LAUT Lorentino Togar , SUGIHARTI Rr. Retno ,   Tidar University, Faculty of Economic, Magelang, Indonesia, PANJAWA Jihad Lukis ,   Tidar University, Faculty of Economic, Magelang, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

The regional autonomy policy is expected to promote the government in carrying out fiscal management independently. However, local own-source revenue was the only source of revenue and measurement of independence and it has not been achieved optimally. Many provinces failed to fully support regional needs, even though it has the highest tourism sector revenue contributors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the tourism sector in terms of supply and demand on regional independence. To analyze the regional income model seen from the contribution of the tourism sector by including the lag variable, this study used a Dynamic Panel method which is also known as Partial Adjusted in Central Java Province, Indonesia from 2013-2018. The result showed that the increase in local own-source revenue from the demand side is more elastic than the supply contribution. The addition of new tourist objects without proper management tends not to have a significant impact on regional income. Also, the attraction of people visiting the tourist in Central Java Province is still high because of a significant positive number of tourist arrivals. The government needs to focus on managerial improvements, development, and innovation of existing tourist objects
Scientometric indicators and features of evaluating the scholars’ scientific activity effectiveness using citation indices (review of domestic and foreign studies)
Authors: Spasennikov Valeriy , Androsov Kiril
Published: September 2021

Topical problems of domestic and foreign science studies associated with the contradictions in evaluating the contribution of domestic scientists to the world science are considered. The erroneousness of the approaches caused by the priority evaluation of the scientific activity effectiveness of Russian scientists based on using international scientometric ratings and databases is shown. The main tools of traditional scientometrics are presented, methodological approaches to determining the researchers’ ratings based on scientometric indicators are shown. Various options for modifying the calculations of the Hirsch index values for different numbers of publications are described.

It is shown that, on the basis of the considered indices, it becomes possible to evaluate a scientist’s publication activity by three ratings, namely: rating of significant works; rating of work intensity; a complex rating, including both ones. When establishing a rating, it is advisable to give preference to the index of basic publications.

As a result of a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign studies, it is revealed that scientometrics is a real tool for analyzing and evaluating scientists’ activities, scientific organizations and educational institutions.
Upaya Penanggulangan Banjir Menggunakan Model Sister City
Authors: Inayati
Published: September 2021

Model Kerja sama Sister City atau kota kembar adalah model kerjasama antara satu kota dengan kota lain yang bersifat transnasional berdasarkan kesamaan seperti bencana, geografis, ekonomi, struktur sosial, budaya dan hal-hal lain yang memiliki kesamaan yang dimiliki kedua kota dalam umum.
Dịch bệnh, đói nghèo, thiên tai: Con đường nào cho chúng ta vượt qua khó khăn?
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: September 2021

Thế giới đang thay đổi theo chiều hướng không mấy tích cực. Trong suốt quá trình phát triển của loài người, để vượt qua được các khó khăn ảnh hưởng đến sự tồn vong của nhân loại, khoa học luôn đóng vai trò quan trọng không thể nào thay thế được. Vì thế, tôi cho rằng đầu tư vào nghiên cứu khoa học là bắt buộc và không thể thay thế bằng các biện pháp khác, vì khoa học đã, đang, và sẽ là chìa khóa giúp cho nhân loại vượt qua các thời điểm khó khăn và khủng hoảng. Tất nhiên, trong khoa học cũng có khoa học chân chính và “khoa học đểu” (pseudo-science). Cho nên, xây dựng cơ chế kiểm duyệt, giám sát, và đánh giá khoa học là rất cấp thiết, đặc biệt là với một nước có nền khoa học đang chớm nở như Việt Nam.
Measuring Global Awareness of Nature
Authors: de Oliveira Caetano Gabriel Henrique , Roll Uri , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: September 2021

While there is general skepticism regarding the progress made towards the 20 CBD targets set in 2010, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the progress towards this first target at the global and the national levels. We harnessed vast and readily available online data to gain insight into trends of people’s interest towards biodiversity and potential conservation actions to sustain it. Specifically, we analyzed people’s Google use patterns in the past decade, across 193 countries globally, exploring about 550 terms relating to wildlife; biomes; biodiversity concepts; and conservation actions. This yielded about 2 million data points from 2013 to 2020. We found that when combined across terms and averaged across countries internet searches for biodiversity have increased worldwide in the last decade. However, this is predominantly driven by an increase in interest in a small number of charismatic animals. The interest in conservation actions has however not shown a similar overall increase in the past decade. Nevertheless, 29 countries, harboring 35% of the world’s population, did show increases for both awareness of biodiversity and the actions needed to safeguard it, thus showing progress towards this CBD target. Our results show that there was some success in achieving the first part of Aichi target 1 — “people are aware of the values of biodiversity”. However, the second part of target 1 — “people are aware of the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably” — has been largely missed. These results suggest that we need new ways to better communicate the importance of biodiversity and the ongoing biodiversity crisis to the public. These are likely to include more effective use of more future proof digital channels, such as mobile games and social media, which can have a wide reach while retaining the ability to target.
Scum of the Earth: a hypothesis for prebiotic multi-compartmentalised environments}
Authors: Walton Craig , Shorttle Oliver
Published: September 2021

Compartmentalisation by bioenergetic membranes is a universal feature of life. The eventual compartmentalisation of prebiotic systems is therefore often argued to comprise a key step during the origin of life. Compartments may have been active participants in prebiotic chemistry, concentrating and spatially organising key reactants. However, most prebiotically plausible compartments are leaky or unstable, limiting their utility. Here, we develop a new hypothesis for an origin of life environment, that capitalises upon, and mitigates the limitations of, prebiotic compartments: multi-compartmentalised layers in the near surface environment --- a 'scum'. Scum-type environments benefit from many of the same ensemble-based advantages as microbial biofilms. In particular, scum layers mediate diffusion with the wider environment, favouring preservation and sharing of early informational molecules, along with the selective concentration of compatible prebiotic compounds. Biofilms are among the earliest traces imprinted by life in the rock record: we contend that prebiotic equivalents of these environments deserve future experimental investigation.
Skin color and perceived discrimination: a comparative study between Brazilians and Mozambicans
Authors: Pereira Marcos Emanoel , Techio Elza Maria , Álvaro José Luís , Feitosa Carina , Maloa Benvindo , Carneiro Larissa Maria Magalhaes Vieira
Published: September 2021

Despite the numerous efforts to reduce prejudice and social discrimination as well as their repercussions, such phenomena are still part of everyday life and mark individual life stories. The experiences of the target and the agent of discrimination were differents. The present study addresses a gap in the literature of social psychology: through a relational analysis, it explores the perceptions of the target of discrimination without leaving aside the perspective of the agent. Using a computerized version of a self-report instrument, we aimed to assess the relation between the experience of racial discrimination and skin color and to what extent this relation is modulated by psychosocial and sociodemographic variables in two national contexts, Brazil and Mozambique. A total of 150 university students participated in the study, 89 from Brazil and 61 from Mozambique. The results show that in both countries the participants report more experiences of discrimination coming from White than from Black people, with a larger difference for the Brazilian sample population. The study also verified that the darker the person’s skin color, the higher their perception of having been discriminated against. In the Brazilian group, the accounts of discrimination coming both from White and Black people are associated with darker skin color. In the Mozambican group, diversely, participants with lighter and darker skin color perceived being the target of discrimination, inflicted both by White and Black people. Finally, we identified that perceived discrimination is predicted by skin color. The discussion focuses on the perspective of the targets of discrimination and highlights the role of skin color in the process of perceiving racial discrimination, especially regarding the psychosocial variables motivation to control prejudice and social domination.
The Influence of Recycling On Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer and Glass Fiber Composites
Authors: Chen Tianran
Published: September 2021

In this paper, high-performance thermotropic liquidcrystalline polymer (TLCP)/polypropylene (PP) and glassfiber (GF)/PP composites were prepared by the injectionmolding process. Mechanical recycling of TLCP/PP andGF/PP composites consisted of grinding of the injectionmolded specimens and further injection molding of thegranules. The influence of mechanical recycling onmechanical and thermal properties was investigated. In situTLCP/PP maintains tensile modulus and strength duringthe recycling process, indicating the regeneration ofpolymeric fibrils at each reprocessing stage. GF/PPcomposite exhibits deterioration of mechanical propertiesafter recycling because of fiber breakage during processing,which is a very common issue on reusing glass or carbonfiber reinforced composites. The experimental resultsreveal that the TLCP/PP composite has better recyclabilitythan GF/PP.
The Nomological Net of Knowledge, Self-Reported Knowledge, and Overclaiming in Children
Authors: Goecke Benjamin , Schroeders Ulrich , Zettler Ingo , Schipolowski Stefan , Golle Jessika , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: September 2021

Research on self-reported knowledge and overclaiming in children is sparse. With the current study, we aim to close this gap by developing an overclaiming questionnaire measuring self-reported knowledge and overclaiming that is tailored to children. Moreover, we examine the nomological net of self-reported knowledge and overclaiming in childhood discussing three perspectives: Overclaiming as a) a result of deliberate self-enhancement tendencies, b) a proxy for declarative knowledge, and c) an indicator of creative engagement. We juxtaposed overclaiming, as indicated by claiming familiarity with non-existent terms, and self-reported knowledge with fluid and crystallized intelligence, creativity, and personality traits in a sample of 897 children attending third grade. The results of several latent variable analyses were similar to findings known from adult samples: We found no strong evidence for any of the competing perspectives on overclaiming. Just like in adults, individual differences in self-reported knowledge were strongly inflated by overclaiming, and only weakly related to declarative knowledge.
How do professional development programs on comparing solution methods and classroom discourse affect students’ achievement in mathematics? The mediating role of students’ subject matter justifications
Authors: Mok Sog Yee , Hämmerle Christian S. , Rüede Christian , Staub Fritz C.
Published: September 2021

Comparing solution methods fosters strategy flexibility in equation solving. Productive classroom discourse such as Accountable Talk (AT) orchestrated by teachers can improve students’ justifications during classroom discussions and achievement. Do students’ subject matter justifications during classroom discourse mediate the effect of teachers’ professional development programs (PDs) focused on comparing and AT on students’ mathematics achievement? We investigated whether two PDs (comparing or comparing+AT) compared to a control group increased the number of student justifications, and whether this affected mathematics achievement (strategy flexibility, procedural and conceptual knowledge). The study (739 9th and 10th grade students in 39 classes) had an experimental pre-post control group design. Both PDs significantly increased student justifications compared to the control group. The results of our multilevel path models showed significant small mediation effects in the comparing+AT group on procedural and conceptual knowledge. No mediation effects were found in the comparing group.
Ethnomathematics Exploration of The Masjid Raya Bandung Ornaments in Transformation Geometry Materials
Authors: Purniati Tia , Turmudi Turmudi , Juandi Dadang , Suhaedi Didi
Published: September 2021

The mosque is the result of acculturation between Islamic culture and local culture. Many mosque ornaments use geometric motifs.  This research is an ethnomathematics study that aims to explore the ethnomathematics aspects of mosque ornament, especially the material of geometric transformation Ethnomathematics research is part of qualitative research, so this research uses qualitative research. The purpose of ethnomathematics research is to study the mathematical ideas contained in a culture, so the method used is ethnographic. The research location is Masjid Raya Bandung which was selected by purposive sampling. The researcher acts as an instrument that collects data through observation, documentation, and literature review. The research data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and concluding. The results showed that there are ethnomathematics aspects of Masjid Raya Bandung ornaments in the material of transformation geometry, namely translation, reflection, rotation, and dilation. The mosque ornaments can be used as an alternative source of learning in mathematics learning, especially transformation geometry material.

Keywords: ethnomathematics, transformation geometry, mosque ornament.
Seamless Induction Hardening of a 42CrMo4 Slewing Bearing
Authors: Scarpellini L. , Cesano M. , Ciscato D. , Pillin B.
Published: September 2021

Large slewing bearings are employed in wind turbines and other energy industry applications where they are subjected to harsh working conditions. In order to bear heavy dynamic loads, slewing ring tracks can be surface hardened by induction heating with a seamless process which allows for a uniform heat treatment without soft zones. In comparison with the traditional furnace carburizing, seamless induction hardening is faster, consumes less energy, and has been developed to achieve the same results utilizing medium carbon steel. The presence of a pre-heating coil, with an independent power source, allows for the adjustment of the heat input rate in order to tune the heating process according to the steel characteristics. The pre-heating operation allows for case depths up to 10 mm to be reached without a reduction in scanning speed or productivity. A mechanical tracking system adjusts the coils to compensate for ring deformation and thus assure a uniform heating pattern. Surface hardness tests and metallography have been performed in different process stages to verify the process consistency. A fine grain microstructure in the end zone has been obtained thanks to the pre-heating coil, which avoids surface overheating.