bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Really Causes for Exclusion? An Analysis with Special Reference to Scheduled Castes
Authors: Annapuranam K. , Inbanathan Anand
Published: September 2017

Poverty excludes people from various social functions and deprives the quality of life of people who live in poverty. The scheduled castes (SCs) are the majority who come under poverty and are most deprived of availing the services and opportunities which enhance their capability and standard of living. But the magnitude of deprivation varies across different subcategories. This is just because of being at the bottom of the caste hierarchy. It is a major constraint and still limits their mobility in various aspects of life. This condition not only excludes them from the mainstream society but also contributes to the further increase of social inequality. Thus, even as social mobility can be seen through the affirmative action, the majority still face different forms of exclusion which keep them out of these benefits.

This article attempts to explore the process of exclusion related to various aspects of social life of the SC population and also illustrates the mechanisms that are obstacles on the path of inclusive development. Furthermore, it expresses concern over education, employment, political rights, civil rights, social justice and social participation and regard them as being of immense importance to the well-being of SCs.
Deras, Dalit Assertion and Resistance: A Case Study of Dera Baba Bhure Shah Sappanwala
Authors: Singh Surinder , Singh Jasbir
Published: September 2017

The article argues that in Punjab several Deras are facilitating the elevation of the socio-economic conditions of Dalits through didactics and commandments. It further challenges the varying inimitable dominant agrarian structure of the village/rural society. The dominant strata/caste(s) of the society, however, resists this Dalit assertion by using socio-religious, economic and political forces to maintain the status quo. The present study explores such type of Dalit assertion through a Dera and resistance they encounter from the dominant agrarian caste, Jat Sikhs, of the village. The article employs the political economy approach to analyse the Deras of Punjab, by focusing on Dera Baba Bhure Shah Sappanwala as its critical reference point.
Reconstruction of a Massive Traumatic Necrotizing Wound With Contiguous Anterior Thigh and Lower Leg Fillet Flap With Leg and Hemipelvic Amputation
Authors: Frank Tym F. , Hill Mark K. , Clarkson Paul W.
Published: September 2017

Reconstruction of massive soft tissue defects is challenging in the setting of polytrauma. We present a case report of a polytrauma patient with an open acetabulum fracture with a necrotizing wound that was managed with a hemipelvectomy and contiguous thigh and leg fillet flap. The harvest of the entire leg flap was utilized due to the presence of a high cervical spine injury that rendered the lower extremities non-functional. The patient’s tenuous medical status was normalized once the necrotizing wound was covered, and subsequent complications related to the flap were minimized. The patient currently enjoys a reasonable quality of life consistent with that of a C7 quadriplegic.
Prenatal Finding of Foramen Ovale Aneurysm Causing Mitral Valve Obstruction
Authors: Smith Melissa
Published: September 2017

Foramen ovale aneurysm was first documented in 1966. In the case presented, the aneurysm caused restriction of flow across the mitral valve, which in turn caused cardiac ventricular disproportion. Cardiac ventricular disproportion is defined as any subjective visual difference between the right and left chambers of the heart. During the patient’s detailed sonogram, a prominent pericardial effusion was documented; the patient was then scheduled to return for a fetal echocardiogram. During the fetal echocardiogram, ventricular disproportion was noticed, and upon further examination, a foramen ovale aneurysm was detected. At birth, the infant presented with respiratory difficulty, failure to respond to oxygen, and pulmonary hypertension.
Permanent draft genome sequence of Frankia sp. NRRL B-16219 reveals the presence of canonical nod genes, which are highly homologous to those detected in Candidatus Frankia Dg1 genome
Authors: Ktari Amir , Nouioui Imen , Furnholm Teal , Swanson Erik , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Tisa Louis S. , Gtari Maher
Published: September 2017

Frankia sp. NRRL B-16219 was directly isolated from a soil sample obtained from the rhizosphere of Ceanothus jepsonii growing in the USA. Its host plant range includes members of Elaeagnaceae species. Phylogenetically, strain NRRL B-16219 is closely related to “Frankia discariae” with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 99.78%. Because of the lack of genetic tools for Frankia, our understanding of the bacterial signals involved during the plant infection process and the development of actinorhizal root nodules is very limited. Since the first three Frankia genomes were sequenced, additional genome sequences covering more diverse strains have helped provide insight into the depth of the pangenome and attempts to identify bacterial signaling molecules like the rhizobial canonical nod genes. The genome sequence of Frankia sp. strain NRRL B-16219 was generated and assembled into 289 contigs containing 8,032,739 bp with 71.7% GC content. Annotation of the genome identified 6211 protein-coding genes, 561 pseudogenes, 1758 hypothetical proteins and 53 RNA genes including 4 rRNA genes. The NRRL B-16219 draft genome contained genes homologous to the rhizobial common nodulation genes clustered in two areas. The first cluster contains nodACIJH genes whereas the second has nodAB and nodH genes in the upstream region. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Frankia nod genes are more deeply rooted than their sister groups from rhizobia. PCR-sequencing suggested the widespread occurrence of highly homologous nodA and nodB genes in microsymbionts of field collected Ceanothus americanus.
A Sustained Activation of Pancreatic NMDARs Is a Novel Factor of β-Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction
Authors: Huang Xiao-Ting , Yue Shao-Jie , Li Chen , Huang Yan-Hong , Cheng Qing-Mei , Li Xiao-Hong , Hao Cai-Xia , Wang Ling-Zhi , Xu Jian-Ping , Ji Ming , Chen Chen , Feng Dan-Dan , Luo Zi-Qiang
Published: September 2017

Type 2 diabetes, which features β-cell failure, is caused by the decrease of β-cell mass and insulin secretory function. Current treatments fail to halt the decrease of functional β-cell mass. Strategies to prevent β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction are highly desirable. Recently, our group and others have reported that blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the islets has been proposed to prevent the progress of type 2 diabetes through improving β-cell function. It suggests that a sustained activation of the NMDARs may exhibit deleterious effect on β-cells. However, the exact functional impact and mechanism of the sustained NMDAR stimulation on islet β-cells remains unclear. Here, we identify a sustained activation of pancreatic NMDARs as a novel factor of apoptotic β-cell death and function. The sustained treatment with NMDA results in an increase of intracellular [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species, subsequently induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a decrease of oxidative phosphorylation expression, and then impairs the mitochondrial function of β-cells. NMDA specifically induces the mitochondrial-dependent pathway of apoptosis in β-cells through upregulation of the proapoptotic Bim and Bax, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, a sustained stimulation of NMDARs impairs β-cell insulin secretion through decrease of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx-1) and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The activation of nuclear factor–κB partly contributes to the reduction of Pdx-1 expression induced by overstimulation of NMDARs. In conclusion, we show that the sustained stimulation of NMDARs is a novel mediator of apoptotic signaling and β-cell dysfunction, providing a mechanistic insight into the pathological role of NMDARs activation in diabetes.
Meeting report – Cellular dynamics: membrane–cytoskeleton interface
Authors: Bembenek Joshua N. , Meshik Xenia , Tsarouhas Vasilios
Published: September 2017

The first ever ‘Cellular Dynamics’ meeting on the membrane–cytoskeleton interface took place in Southbridge, MA on May 21-24, 2017 and was co-organized by Michael Way, Elizabeth Chen, Margaret Gardel and Jennifer Lippincott-Schwarz. Investigators from around the world studying a broad range of related topics shared their insights into the function and regulation of the cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. This provided great opportunities to learn about key questions in various cellular processes, from the basic organization and operation of the cell to higher-order interactions in adhesion, migration, metastasis, division and immune cell interactions in different model organisms. This unique and diverse mix of research interests created a stimulating and educational meeting that will hopefully continue to be a successful meeting for years to come.
Clinical applications of textural analysis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Phillips Iain , Ajaz Mazhar , Ezhil Veni , Prakash Vineet , Alobaidli Sheaka , McQuaid Sarah J , South Christopher , Scuffham James , Nisbet Andrew , Evans Philip
Published: September 2017

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Treatment pathways include regular cross-sectional imaging, generating large data sets which present intriguing possibilities for exploitation beyond standard visual interpretation. This additional data mining has been termed “radiomics” and includes semantic and agnostic approaches. Textural analysis (TA) is an example of the latter, and uses a range of mathematically derived features to describe an image or region of an image. Often TA is used to describe a suspected or known tumour. TA is an attractive tool as large existing image sets can be submitted to diverse techniques for data processing, presentation, interpretation and hypothesis testing with annotated clinical outcomes. There is a growing anthology of published data using different TA techniques to differentiate between benign and malignant lung nodules, differentiate tissue subtypes of lung cancer, prognosticate and predict outcome and treatment response, as well as predict treatment side effects and potentially aid radiotherapy planning. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current published data and understand the potential future role of TA in managing lung cancer.
Clinical outcomes of multileaf collimator-based CyberKnife for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Kim Nalee , Lee Ho , Kim Jin Sung , Baek Jong Geal , Lee Chang Geol , Chang Sei Kyung , Koom Woong Sub
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases is becoming a prevalent therapeutic option. We aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and outcomes of the recently developed multileaf collimator (MLC)-based CyberKnife (CK-M) for spine SBRT.

Methods:

We reviewed 119 patients of 144 cases with 229 lesions treated with CK between November 2014 and March 2016. The lesion features, dosimetric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between fixed cone collimator based CK (CK-F) and CK-M.

Results:

Of 144 cases, 78 and 66 were treated with CK-F and CK-M, respectively. CK-M achieved an adequate target volume coverage that was comparable with CK-F (median 92 vs 90%; p = 0.03) even in larger targets (median 64.2 vs 46.7 cm3; p = 0.01), respectively. CK-M showed an improvement in the gradient index (p < 0.001) and no difference in conformity (p = 0.16). With CK-M, the median beam delivery time was significantly reduced by 30% (to 34 vs 48 min; p < 0.001). CK-M showed 1 year local control rates that were comparable to CK-F (77 vs 78%, respectively; p = 0.83).

Conclusion:

CK-M exhibits dosimetric data and local control that are comparable with CK-F, but with significant treatment time reduction. CK-M could be widely used in spine SBRT.

Advances in knowledge:

Given the recently developed MLC in CK, we aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and outcomes of MLC compared with fixed cone-based CK. MLC showed equivalent plan quality and significant treatment time reduction with comparable radiological control. We report here MLC as an effective and tolerable treatment option in CK.
Functional characterizations of rare UBA1 variants in X-linked Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Balak Chris D. , Hunter Jesse M. , Ahearn Mary E. , Wiley David , D'urso Gennaro , Baumbach-Reardon Lisa
Published: September 2017

Background:X-linked spinal muscular atrophy (XL-SMA) results from mutations in the Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Activating Enzyme 1 (UBA1). Previously, four novel closely clustered mutations have been shown to cause this fatal infantile disorder affecting only males. These mutations, three missense and one synonymous, all lie within Exon15 of theUBA1gene, which contains the active adenylation domain (AAD).

Methods:In this study, our group characterized the three known missense variantsin vitro. Using a novel Uba1 assay and other methods, we investigated Uba1 adenylation, thioester, and transthioesterification reactionsin vitroto determine possible biochemical effects of the missense variants.

Results:Our data revealed that only one of the three XL-SMA missense variants impairs the Ubiquitin-adenylating ability of Uba1. Additionally, these missense variants retained Ubiquitin thioester bond formation and transthioesterification rates equal to that found in the wild type.

Conclusions:Our results demonstrate a surprising shift from the likelihood of these XL-SMA mutations playing a damaging role in Uba1’s enzymatic activity with Ubiquitin, to other roles such as alteringUBA1 mRNA splicing via the disruption of splicing factor binding sites, similar to a mechanism in traditional SMA, or disrupting binding to other importantin vivobinding partners.  These findings help to narrow the search for the areas of possible dysfunction in the Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that ultimately result in XL-SMA. Moreover, this investigation provides additional critical understanding of the mutations’ biochemical mechanisms, vital for the development of future effective diagnostic assays and therapeutics.
The age of heterozygous telomerase mutant parents influences the adult phenotype of their offspring irrespective of genotype in zebrafish
Authors: Scahill Catherine M. , Digby Zsofia , Sealy Ian M. , White Richard J. , Collins John E. , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M.
Published: September 2017

Background: Mutations in proteins involved in telomere maintenance lead to a range of human diseases, including dyskeratosis congenita, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. Telomerase functions to add telomeric repeats back onto the ends of chromosomes, however non-canonical roles of components of telomerase have recently been suggested.

Methods: Here we use a zebrafish telomerase mutant which harbours a nonsense mutation intertto investigate the adult phenotypes of fish derived from heterozygous parents of different ages. Furthermore we use whole genome sequencing data to estimate average telomere lengths.

Results: We show that homozygous offspring from older heterozygotes exhibit signs of body wasting at a younger age than those of younger parents, and that offspring of older heterozygous parents weigh less irrespective of genotype. We also demonstrate thatterthomozygous mutant fish have a male sex bias, and that clutches from older parents also have a male sex bias in the heterozygous and wild-type populations. Telomere length analysis reveals that the telomeres of younger heterozygous parents are shorter than those of older heterozygous parents.

Conclusions: These data indicate that the phenotypes observed in offspring from older parents cannot be explained by telomere length. Instead we propose that Tert functions outside of telomere length maintenance in an age-dependent manner to influence the adult phenotypes of the next generation.
NEW APPROACHES TO DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF SYNDROMES OF VENTILATION DISORDERS
Authors: Каменева Марина , Kameneva Marina , Тишков Артем , Tishkov Artem , Трофимов Василий , Trofimov Vasiliy
Published: September 2017

The study objective is to develop a new algorithm for diagnosing lung function disorder types. A retrospective analysis of lung function tests results (spirometry, body plethysmography and lung elasticity measurement with the esophageal balloon) was performed in 575 patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. The algorithm, recommended by the expert commission of American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society in 2005, showed low sensitivity: disturbances of respiratory mechanics were determined only in 43% of cases. The proposed algorithm, based on the analysis of vital capacity, total lung capacity, residual volume, the ratio of RV/TLC and FEV1/VC, was more sensitive, basically due to better diagnosis of restrictive syndrome of ventilation disorders. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm depends on the method of normal limits definition. When normal limits were defined as percentage of predicted values, ventilation disorders were detected in 72% of cases. Utilizing equations for upper and lower limits of norm, the algorithm recognized ventilation disorders in 62% of cases.
DISTURBANCE OF 20α-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN VILLOUS CHORION SYNCIOTHYTHROPHOBLAST AT REACTIVATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Довжикова Инна , Dovzhikova Inna , Луценко Михаил , Lutsenko Mikhail , Петрова Ксения , Petrova Kseniya , Шолохов Леонид , Sholokhov Leonid
Published: September 2017

The aim of the work is to assess the effects of cytomegalovirus infection on the 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the villous chorion syncytiotrophoblast in the first trimester of pregnancy. The materials for the study included 48 villous chorions samples taken during spontaneous abortions at 8th–10th weeks of gestation from women with reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection (the main group). The control group included 35 villous chorions samples from pregnant women with chronic cytomegalovirus infection in the latent stage taken at medical abortions at the same stage of gestation. The results of women’s examination were studied taken into account the activity of cytomegalovirus infection by immunoassay by detection of IgM antibodies or by 4 times and more increase of IgG antibody titers in the paired serums in dynamics in 10 days. The activity of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was assessed by the histochemical method. Quantitative evaluation of the reaction products was carried out on sections under the microscope MT (Japan) connected to software-hardware complex «SCION Corporation» (USA). At histochemical specimen of villous chorion of pregnant women who had a reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy (main group), there was a decrease of cytophotometric parameter of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity till 30.1±2.12 pixels/μm2 (p<0.001) compared with the control group. The decrease in the reaction activity in syncytiotrophoblast indicated a decrease in the contents of 20α-dihydroprogesterone in placenta, which contributed, in our opinion, to spontaneous abortion.
STATE OF LIPID SYNTHESIS FUNCTION OF LIVER AT MODERATE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Гориков Игорь , Gorikov Igor , Луценко Михаил , Lutsenko Mikhail , Ишутина Наталия , Ishutina Nataliya
Published: September 2017

The contents of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides in cord blood were studied at moderate cerebral ischemia in 230 mature newborns from mothers with chronic cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in the second trimester of gestation (main group). The first group (control group) consisted of 30 newborns from mothers with physiological pregnancy. Depending on the activity of chronic CMVI, 4 groups were distinguished, in each of which there were 2 subgroups. Subgroup A included newborns from mothers with pregnancy and an uncomplicated threat of miscarriage, and in subgroup B there were the patients whose mothers suffered the threat of miscarriage at 16-21st week of gestation. The second group was represented by 50 newborns whose mothers had a latent course of chronic CMVI. The third group included 50 children from mothers with reactivation of chronic CMVI (titers of IgM antibodies to CMV were 1:200-1:400, IgG antibody titers to CMVI were 1:200-1:400, avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMVI was more than 65%). The fourth group included 50 newborns whose mothers suffered an acute phase of chronic CMVI (titers of IgM antibodies to CMV were 1:200-1:400, IgG antibody titers to CMV were 1:200-1: 800, avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMV was more than 65%), and in the fifth group there were 50 patients with antenatal history with reactivation of chronic CMVI (IgM antibody titers to CMV were 1:200-1:400, IgG antibody titers to CMV were 1:400-1:1600, avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMV was more than 65%). When comparing 2A and 2B subgroups with the first group, there were no significant changes in total cholesterol of high and low density lipoproteins and triglycerides. In children in 3A subgroup, the concentration of low density lipoproteins decreased to 0.34±0.02 mmol/L, and in 3B subgroup to 0.32±0.02 mmol/L with simultaneous increase in the triglyceride level to 0.51±0.03 mmol/L (in the first group, it was 0.53±0.03 mmol/L, p<0.001 and 0.43±0.03 mmol/L, p<0.05, respectively). In comparison with the first group in 5B subgroup, the lowest total cholesterol values (1.82±0.05 mmol/L, p<0,05), low-density lipoproteins (0.21±0.05 mmol/L, p<0.001), as well as high triglycerides (0.59±0.03, p<0.001) were registered. These can weaken the compensatory-adaptive reactions of the hormonal system that regulates the immune response, vascular permeability and the blood-brain barrier, as well as disrupt the blood supply to the brain in newborns with moderate cerebral ischemia.
Representation of Emotions in English and British Worlds: Language and Culture
Authors: Джиоева Алеся , Dzhioeva Alesya , Соседова В. , Sosedova V.
Published: September 2017

The undeniable connection between language and culture allows us to study culture through language, which opens up new possibilities for understanding the mentality of other nations. A typical feature of English, and in a broader sense British, character along with the value of privacy, fair play and tolerance to other nations, is suppressing emotions and their public expression, or stiff upper lip, which is reflected in the English language. Based on examples from English literature, in this article we demonstrate, how the cultural characteristics of a nation get representation in the language. The authors conclude that the emotional restraint is verbalized not only through direct nominations, but also through the description of characters’ actions, with the help of elliptical constructions, irony and understatement.
A Study of the State of Balhae In Korea And Research Perspectives
Authors: Иок Чо , Iok Cho , Ко Ен , Ko En
Published: September 2017

In this article we will discuss and evaluate the study of the state of Balhae in Korea, as well as look at the prospects for further research. First, we examine the current situation of research, general information and discuss the main issues raised. Next, we will evaluate future research collaboration in South Korea and Russia. It is expected that this study will become a bridge to the coverage of academic exchanges between the two countries in the future.
Linguocultural Strategy of Formation of a Multilingual And Multicultural Personlity At the Final Stage of Teaching Russian As a Foreign Language
Authors: Боженкова Р. , Bozhenkova R. , Боженкова Н. , Bozhenkova N.
Published: September 2017

The article proposes a modern integrative methodological/methodical approach to training of a qualified foreign specialist in the course of Russian as a foreign language, which combines solution of professional and pragmatic tasks and linguoculturally motivated pedagogical tactics and is implemented in the education package “Lessons of the Russian” developed by the authors for foreign non-philologist students. The basis of the described pedagogical discourse is a multilevel strategy of educating a creative multilingual and multicultural personality of a student through formation of linguistic and cultural competence in connection with professional verbal competence. At the final stage of prolonged training this strategy is focuses on the organic connection between language units and cultural material and is based on a system of concepts as a set of nationally determined, specific and valuable phenomena conveyed by various linguistic tools. This creates conditions for erasing the boundary between educational and natural communication, the acquisition by foreigners of necessary communicative experience for productive social, scientific and professional activities through necessary communication experience in the language of study and a deeper understanding of specifics of Russian national linguistic culture as an integral part of the global paradigm of values.
Features of Introduction of Vocabulary of Swiss Standard German at the Initial Stage of Teaching the German Language in High School
Authors: Дементьева Т. , Dement'eva T.
Published: September 2017

The article deals with the problem of introduction of Swiss version vocabulary of the German language at the initial stage of learning German in high school. The author determines the optimum ways and methods of semantization of helvetisms taking into account their characteristic lexical and semantic features related to specific linguistic and extralinguistic factors in the development of literary German in the German-speaking cantons of the Swiss Confederation. The article reveals the reasons for the lexical and semantic divergences between helvetisms and German vocabulary and defines the main types of lexical and semantic distinctions of the intoduced helvetisms in comparison to the studied standard German vocabulary.
FROM ACTIVE SHARE TO CUTTING APPARATUS
Authors: Мудров Александр , Mudrov Aleksandr
Published: September 2017

The subject of the article relates to agricultural machinery, namely, to the working units of root harvesting machines and to cutting device of harvesting machines. In both the first and second designs, work is performed in an abrasive medium, which reduces their service life and increases energy costs. The devices are proposed, in which the work is carried out in the absence of abrasive friction in the working parts. The novelty of devices is marked by patents for invention. The effect is achieved by the special arrangement of the geometric axes of the joints of the links, which are designed on needle roller bearings, by the simplicity of structures, by reduction of energy costs for the drive of the working units, by reliability and durability.
MODELING OF THE PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Газетдинов Миршарип , Gazetdinov Mirsharip , Гильфанов Рашид , Gilfanov Rashid , Газетдинов Шамиль , Gazetdinov Shamil , Семичева Ольга , Semicheva Ol'ga
Published: September 2017

In the market conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises development, the choice of a strategic direction is primarily connected with the desire to reduce production risks in the enterprise. When organizing production activities, a small and medium-sized business enterprise gives preference to those branches of agriculture, that do not require large investments, provide high economic efficiency, and whose products are in demand in the market. The article deals with the application of economic and mathematical methods for selecting a rational organizational and production structure of a small and medium-sized business enterprise, taking into account the production potential and production efficiency. The economic formulation of the task of justifying the rational organizational and production structure of an enterprise in a market economy should be formulated in accordance with the increase in the level of food provision for the population and focusing on making profit as a result of economic activity. Criteria for optimizing such tasks should be chosen: maximum profit or minimum arable land to provide feed for livestock sectors. The task is solved for the near future on the basis of the planned, regulatory and reporting information of a particular enterprise. We have developed the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the production parameters of the enterprise LLC “Surnay” of Baltasinsky district, which is typical for small and medium-sized businesses in terms of the composition of industries and the size of farmland in the Republic of Tatarstan. The economic and mathematical model of the posed task represents a logical system of the main branch and inter-branch relations in the production process. As a result of economic and mathematical modeling, a decision has been obtained that reflects the optimal content of the branches of a particular agricultural enterprise and contributes, in our opinion, to the effective use of productive resources (land, labor, etc.), which allows producing the maximum volume of output.
PROBLEMS OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Мухаметгалиев Фарит , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Садриева Фидания , Sadrieva Fidaniya
Published: September 2017

Technical supply of enterprises of agro-industrial complex is one of the important factors of their industrial and economic development. This factor takes place when processing soils, harvesting and selling agricultural products. So, the crop production directly depends on the technical provision of the village with tractors, combines and other agricultural machines, which make it possible to apply and timely fulfill all agronomic requirements. The main reason of deterioration of the material and technical base is the lack of financial means for farms to purchase machinery and equipment, as well as weakened government support, and reduced investment in the development of agriculture. The volume of agricultural production and results of agricultural organizations depend from the timely and full provision of agriculture with material and technical resources, as well as the effectiveness of their use. Optimal formation and rational use of the material and technical base of agriculture has a direct impact on the performance of the entire agro-industrial complex. Effective use of agricultural resources is possible with increasing intensity of agricultural production on the basis of a highly developed material and technical base. At present, agricultural enterprises do not have a complex of machines for mechanizing agricultural production, that corresponds to the achievements of science and technology in this field, and it is very difficult to use the existing outdated material and technical base as the basis for increasing the intensity of agricultural production in modern conditions. In this connection, a particular urgency in modern conditions acquires the ways of technical re-equipment and integrated mechanization of agriculture.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: September 2017

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Digital times: disseminating your work and networking
Authors: Dowling Sally , Albarran John
Published: September 2017

This fifth and final article in the Writing for Publication series aims to provide guidance on disseminating your work and increasing professional networks through the use of social media. We will outline a range of different ways in which nurses can write about their research via blogs, and use Twitter to both grow their professional networks, and disseminate their work. Increasingly, health professionals are using social media and online resources to communicate with each other; advantages include connecting with interested others worldwide, and being able to access an audience far beyond that which could be accessed locally or via conferences.
Which resuscitated patients benefit from PPCI after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
Authors: Hobson Mark
Published: September 2017

Background:

Survival of prehospital cardiac arrest remains low and variable. Angiography in cardiac arrest survivors shows a high incidence of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI) which are treated at regional ambulance centres in the UK.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using the health-care databases, Medline and CINAHL, in order the answer the question: ‘Which resuscitated patients benefit from PPCI after out of hospital cardiac arrest?’. There was a screening process to ensure precise relevance to the research question.

Findings:

163 articles were found using Medline and CINAHL. After screening, 11 articles were reviewed in text. The evidence favours the intervention and demonstrates increased survival rates when PPCI is available for patients with cardiac arrest following an MI. The ECG is useful to predict coronary occlusion, but cannot rule it out. Increased journey time to reach a regional PPCI centre appears unlikely to impact negatively upon prognosis.

Conclusions:

There are currently no randomised controlled trials answering this question, and the evidence that is available is frequently influenced by selection bias. There is a need to identify patients who will not benefit from the intervention so that a clinical decision rule can be developed to guide practice.
A comparison of temporary pacing and isoprenaline in treating bradydysrhythmias
Authors: Kocsor-Bell Mark
Published: September 2017

Acute bradycardia is a common problem encountered by nurses on the coronary care unit (CCU). This article will aim to compare the different ways of managing this conditon, and consider what role the CCU nurses can play. The article looks at methods of treatment, and compares the pros and cons of each, with a special focus on the role of the CCU nurse in managing the condition. There will also be consideration of the techniques that are beyond the scope of nurses, but which need to be considered as management options.
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: September 2017

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
VALIDEZ PREDICTIVA DEL U-RANKING EN LAS TITULACIONES UNIVERSITARIAS DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
Authors: López-Martín Esther , Moreno-Pulido Alexis , Expósito-Casas Eva
Published: September 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los rankings de universidades han alcanzado un enorme protagonismo mediático en los últimos años. La información que publican acerca de la calidad de las actividades docentes, de investigación y de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico de las universidades tiene una gran repercusión social y condiciona la reputación y el prestigio de las mismas, influyendo en la atracción de estudiantes. El presente trabajo estudia la validez predictiva del U-Ranking en egresados de Medicina, Farmacia, Enfermería y Psicología en España. MÉTODO. En este trabajo se analiza en qué medida las puntuaciones que obtienen las diferentes universidades españolas de titularidad pública y privada presentes en esta clasificación, permiten predecir el nivel de rendimiento alcanzado por sus egresados en las pruebas selectivas nacionales de formación sanitaria especializada (utilizando datos procedentes de cuatro convocatorias 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15 y 2015/16). RESULTADOS. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la ausencia de relación entre las puntuaciones que obtienen las universidades en el U-Ranking y el porcentaje de éxito que alcanzan los estudiantes de dichas instituciones en las pruebas de selección para los aspirantes a las plazas de formación sanitaria especializada en las titulaciones mencionadas. DISCUSIÓN. La tendencia marcada en estos resultados evidencia un problema de validez inherente al U-Ranking, asociado al error sistemático en la predicción de un criterio. Asimismo, se destaca la necesidad de replantear el modo en que se construyen los rankings de universidades, partiendo de una definición precisa del constructo a evaluar, a fin de mejorar la calidad de la medida asegurando su idoneidad.
Proposal for a national triage system for the management of ventral hernias
Authors: Parker SG , Reid TH , Boulton R , Wood C , Sanders D , Windsor AJC
Published: September 2017

Ventral hernia disease is becoming increasingly prevalent and complex. Subspecialisation for patients with challenging conditions requiring surgery has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. Worldwide, there is an emergence of specialist hernia centres using new and innovative techniques to repair large and complicated ventral hernias. After a national meeting of hernia experts, we present an algorithm to be used as a national triage system for patients with ventral hernias, with the aim of ensuring that patients are operated on by the most appropriate surgeon. Evidence-based clinical risk factors and ventral hernia parameters are used for risk stratification and patient triage. We hope that this algorithm will guide future ventral hernia management in the UK.
Kandungan Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) pada Lamun Enhalus accoroides dari Perairan Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Ismarti Ismarti , Ramses Ramses , Amelia Fitrah , Suheryanto Suheryanto
Published: September 2017

The objective of the present study was to analyze the metal content of copper and lead in Enhalus accoroides seagrass in Batam Island waters. Samples of seagrass (E. accoroides) were collected from six locations along the western region of Batam Island then dried and performed with acid destruction. The measurements of Cu and Pb in the samples were conducted by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result showed that there was an increasing of copper and lead contaminant level on sample E accoroides during two periods in a year.  The Cu level ranged from 0.63 to 46.1 mg/kg, meanwhile, lead level ranged from  2.14 to 10.52mg/kg respectively. The highest accumulation of copper and lead were recorded on leaves, it was reached 10.81 mg/kg and 5.98mg/kg, respectively.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan logam tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) pada lamun Enhalus accoroides di sepanjang perairan barat Pulau Batam. Sampel lamun dikumpulkan dari enam lokasi  kemudian dikeringkan dan dilakukan destruksi dengan asam. Penentuan kadar logam tembaga dan timbal dalam sampel dilakukan dengan spektrometri serapan atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan kadar logam Cu dan Pb pada sampel lamun E. accoroides selama 2 periode sampling dalam 1 tahun. Kadar logam Cu dan Pb pada lamun secara berturut berada pada rentang 0.63-46.1 mg/kg dan 2.14-10.52mg/kg. Akumulasi logam Cu dan Pb dalam lamun E. accoroides tertinggi pada bagian daun sebanyak 10.81 mg/kg Cu dan 5.98 mg/kg Pb.
Analisis kualitas perairan berdasarkan metode indeks pencemaran di Pesisir Timur Kota Surabaya
Authors: Guntur Guntur , Yanuar Adi Tiya , Sari Syarifah H. J. , Kurniawan Andi
Published: September 2017

Pollution has become the serious problem in aquatic ecosystems in Indonesia including east part of the coastal area of Surabaya City. One of the methods that can be used to analyze water quality in the coastal area is pollution index method. The method can provide information related to existing water quality in respect of utilization plan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water quality in the coastal area in East part of Surabaya City based on the physical and chemical parameters, and then, analyze the data using pollution index method. The sampling points of this study are 10 areas in the coastal area in East Part of Surabaya City. The result of this study showed that the water parameters in the sampling points are described as follows: salinity (23.2 ± 7.33‰), pH (7.156 ± 0.356), dissolved oxygen (9.46 ± 3.364 mg/L), temperature (29 ± 1.4 °C), total suspended solid (91.9 ± 109.3 mg/L), fisibility  (25.15 ± 8.9 cm), ammonia (1.3 ± 1.1 mg/L), nitrate (0.095 ± 0.14 mg/L) dan biological oxygen demand (3.738 ± 0.956 mg/L). This study indicated that the value of pollution index in East Part of Surabaya City coastal area is 4.6 that indicated the areas are slightly polluted.Pencemaran merupakan sebuah permasalahan bagi sebagian besar wilayah perairan di Indonesia termasuk wilayah perairan di pesisir timur kota Surabaya. Salah satu cara untuk menganalisis kualitas perairan di wilayah pesisir adalah dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran. Metode ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kondisi perairan sesuai peruntukannya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis kondisi perairan Pesisir Timur Kota Surabaya berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia serta menganalisa nilai indeks pencemaran Perairan Pesisir Timur Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel di 10 titik di Perairan Pesisir Timur Kota Surabaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai rata-rata parameter fisika dan kimia adalah sebagaimana berikut: salinitas 23,2 ± 7,33‰, derajat keasaman (pH) 7,156 ± 0,356, dissolved oxygen 9,46 ± 3,364 mg/L, suhu 29 ± 1,4 °C, total padatan tersuspensi 91,9 ± 109,3 mg/L, kecerahan 25,15 ±8,9 cm, amoniak 1,3 ± 1,1 mg/L, nitrat 0,095 ± 0,14 mg/L dan Biological Oxygen Demand 3,738 ± 0,956 mg/L. Penelitian ini menunjukkan kalau nilai indeks pencemaran di Perairan Pesisir Timur Kota Surabaya adalah 4,6 yang mengindikasikan perairan ini dalam kondisi tercemar ringan
Fabrication of Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells By Inverted Structure Based on P3HT:PCBM Active Layer
Authors: Shobih Shobih , Abdillah Rizky , Rosa Erlyta Septa
Published: September 2017

Hybrid polymer solar cell has privilege than its conventional structure, where it usually has structure of (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Active Layer/Al). In humid environment the PEDOT:PSS will absorb water and hence can easily etch the ITO. Therefore it is necessary to use an alternative method to avoid this drawback and obtain more stable polymer solar cells, namely by using hybrid polymer solar cells structure with an inverted device architecture from the conventional, by reversing the nature of charge collection. In this paper we report the results of the fabrication of inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM as active layer, utilizing ZnO interlayer as buffer layer between the ITO and active layer with a stacked structure of ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. The ZnO interlayer is formed through short route, i.e. by dissolving ZnO nanoparticles powder in chloroform-methanol solvent blend rather than by sol-gel process. Based on the measurement results on electrical characteristics of inverted polymer solar cells under 500 W/m2 illumination and AM 1.5 direct filter at room temperature, cell with annealing process of active layer at 110 °C for 10 minutes results in higher cell performance than without annealing, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.21 volt, a short-circuit current density of 1.33 mA/cm2 , a fill factor of 43.1%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.22%. The low cell’s performance is caused by very rough surface of ZnO interlayer.
Removable Watermarking Sebagai Pengendalian Terhadap Cyber Crime Pada Audio Digital
Authors: Putri Reyhani Lian , Renasari Mona , Budiman Gelar
Published: September 2017

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat menuntut penggunanya untuk lebih berhati-hati seiring semakin meningkatnya cyber crime.Banyak pihak telah mengembangkan berbagai teknik perlindungan data digital, salah satunya adalah watermarking. Teknologi watermarking berfungsi untuk memberikan identitas, melindungi, atau menandai data digital, baik audio, citra, ataupun video, yang mereka miliki. Akan tetapi, teknik tersebut masih dapat diretas oleh oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab.Pada penelitian ini, proses watermarking diterapkan pada audio digital dengan menyisipkan watermark yang terdengar jelas oleh indera pendengaran manusia (perceptible) pada audio host.Hal ini bertujuan agar data audio dapat terlindungi dan apabila ada pihak lain yang ingin mendapatkan data audio tersebut harus memiliki “kunci” untuk menghilangkan watermark. Proses removable watermarking ini dilakukan pada data watermark yang sudah diketahui metode penyisipannya, agar watermark dapat dihilangkan sehingga kualitas audio menjadi lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan metode ini diperoleh kinerja audio watermarking pada nilai distorsi tertinggi dengan rata-rata nilai SNR sebesar7,834 dB dan rata-rata nilai ODG sebesar -3,77.Kualitas audio meningkat setelah watermark dihilangkan, di mana rata-rata SNR menjadi sebesar 24,986 dB dan rata-rata ODG menjadi sebesar -1,064 serta nilai MOS sebesar 4,40.
Analisa Kinerja Teknik Modulasi Digital pada Kanal Optik Nirkabel
Authors: Astharini Dwi , Mayola Ary , Samijayani Octarina Nur , Syahriar Ary
Published: September 2017

Transmisi optik nirkabel dengan kecepatan tinggi memiliki berbagai potensi untuk aplikasi jarak pendek terutama untuk komunikasi di dalam ruangan. Tulisan ini memaparkan perbandingan kinerja transmisi FSO menggunakan beberapa variasi skema modulasi. Pengamatan unjuk kinerja terutama dilakukan menggunakan bit error rate (BER). Gangguan turbulensi atmorferik menjadi bagian dari pemodelan kanal log normal yang digunakan dalam simulasi. Modulasi dasar spasial yang digunakan adalah on-off keying sebagai teknik klasik FSO, beserta pulse position modulation yang merupakan variasi spasialnya. Menelaah penggunaan modulasi baseband untuk sistem optik, disimulasikan PSK 2, 4, 8, 16, serta QAM 4 dan 16. Simulasi dengan data ukuran kecil menghasilkan bahwa BPSK dan 4 QAM menunjukkan unjuk kerja terbaik dengan BER rata-rata sekitar 10^-3 pada kondisi gangguan sedang sampai tinggi. Sementara tingkat error pada OOK dan PPM masih di atas 10^-0.5.
Ergänzung klassischer Umweltmanagementsysteme: Kennzahlen im Umweltmanagement
Authors: Loew Thomas , Kottmann Heinz
Published: September 2017

Informationen sind eine wichtige Voraussetzung für ein erfolgreiches Umweltmanagement. Allerdings muß gewährleistet sein, daß diese Informationen auch in einer Art und Weise aufbereitet sind, daß sie in der richtigen Form zur richtigen Zeit am richtigen Ort sind. Umweltkennzahlen können für eine entscheidungsorientierte Datenaufbereitung ein geeignetes Instrument sein.
Zwischenbilanz zum Erfolg des Stoffstrommanagements in Deutschland: Lernprozeß für Staat und Wirtschaft
Authors: De Man Reinier
Published: September 2017

Durch die Arbeiten der Enquetekommission "Schutz des Menschen und der Umwelt" ist Stoffstrommanagement ein wichtiger Begriff in der deutschen Umweltpolitik geworden. Zentral für dieses Konzept ist die Kooperation von Unternehmen entlang eines Stoffstroms. Welche Zwischenbilanz kann gezogen werden und welche Bedingungen für erfolgreiche Kooperationen gilt es zu schaffen?
Schlüssel zum "grünen" Produkt?
Authors: Scholl Gerd , Dehnhardt Susanne
Published: September 2017

Produkt-Ökobilanzen haben Hochkonjunktur. Insbesondere auf betrieblicher Ebene werden sie immer häufiger zur Identifikation ökologischer Schwachstel-len von Produkten und zur umweltorientierten Produktoptimierung eingesetzt. Doch hat der Einsatz dieses Instruments bei industriellen Anwendern bisher tatsächlich ökologische Entlastungseffekte mit sich gebracht?
Innovationshemmnisse und Fördermöglichkeiten
Authors: Meyer Rolf
Published: September 2017

Integierte Umwelttechnik verspricht ökonomische und ökologische Effizienzsteigerungen. In dem Projekt "Umwelttechnik und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung" des Büros für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB) ist untersucht worden, unter welchen umweltpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen und mit welchen Handlungsansätzen - auch förderpolitischer Natur - diese Chancen genutzt werden könnten.