bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Circulating Acylated Ghrelin and Neutrophils Elastase in Diabetic Retinopathy Progression
Authors: Trotta Maria Consiglia , Gesualdo Carlo , Russo Marina , Lepre Caterina Claudia , Petrillo Francesco , Vastarella Maria Giovanna , Nicoletti Maddalena , Simonelli Francesca , Hermenean Anca , D’Amico Michele , Rossi Settimio
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Since the protective role of ghrelin against high glucose-induced retinal damage was not yet explored, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of total ghrelin (TG), its acylated (AG) and des-acylated (DAG) forms in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Moreover, the correlation between serum ghrelin and neutrophil elastase (NE) levels, enhancing the risk of microhemorrhages, was investigated; Materials and Methods: Serum markers were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in 12 non-diabetic subjects (CTRL), 15 diabetic patients without DR (Diabetic), 15 patients with non-proliferative (NPDR) and 15 patients with proliferative DR (PDR); Results: TG and AG serum levels were significantly decreased in NPDR (P < 0.01 vs Diabetic) and in PDR patients (P < 0.01 vs NPDR). AG serum levels were inversely associated with DR progression (r = -0.83,P < 0.01), serum neutrophils percentage (r = -0.74, P < 0.01) and serum NE levels (r = -0.73, P < 0.01). These were significantly increased in NPDR (P < 0.01 vs Diabetic) and PDR (P < 0.01 vs PDR) groups, positively correlating with DR progression (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The reduction of circulating AG and its association with the increased risk of microhemorrhages could be considered a novel marker for DR progression.
Dentin Remnant in the Furcation Area of Mesial Canals of Mandibular Molars after Different Instruments Used in Root Canal Retreatment with e-Vol DXS CBCT Software
Authors: Souza Paulo Otávio Carmo , Bueno Mike Reis , Silva Brunno Santos de Freitas , Rabelo Luiz Eduardo Gregoris , Costa Nádia do Lago , Estrela Carlos
Published: November 2023

This study employed e-Vol DX cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software to assess dentin remnants in the furcation area of mesial canals in mandibular molars during root canal retreatment (RCR). Four groups (Reciproc®, ProTaper Next®, Race Evo®, Protaper Gold®) were subjected to RCR, and CBCT images were captured before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Measurements of remaining dentin thickness at 1 mm and 3 mm below the furcation were scrutinized. Results revealed no significant differences in mean thicknesses of mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from the furcation pre-treatment (T1). Post-treatment (T2) showed analogous findings, with no significant differences in mean thicknesses. However, disparities surfaced between MB and ML canals at both distances, both before and after retreatment. In essence, the evaluated instruments exhibited safety in RCR, implying their appropriateness for use in critical areas of mandibular molars without inducing excessive wear. This study underscores the instruments' reliability in navigating danger zones during RCR, contributing valuable insights for dental practitioners handling complex root canal scenarios in mandibular molars.
The Reduction of Rotating Conveyor Roller Vibrations by the Use of Plastic Brackets
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Nováková Eliška , Pravda Štěpán , Kurač Daniel , Machálek Tomáš
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the basic structural parts, a 3D model and the overall design of a laboratory machine, which was created to detect vibrations generated by the casing of a conveyor roller ro-tating at different speeds. The intention of the authors was to verify whether plastic brackets in-serted into the structurally modified trestles of a fixed conveyor idler can reduce the vibration values transmitted from the rotating conveyor roller to the trestle of a fixed idler. Experimental vibration measurements taken on the non-rotating parts of conveyor rollers, performed on a laboratory machine according to ISO 10816, are suitable for characterizing their operating condi-tions with regard to trouble-free operation. The aim of this paper is to detect the vibrations of a rotating conveyor roller on a laboratory machine in the defined places of a fixed conveyor idler and also on the steel frame of a laboratory machine that represents the supporting track of a belt conveyor. Vibrations detected by piezoelectric acceleration sensors were recorded by a measur-ing apparatus and displayed in the environment of Dewesoft X software. The measurements show that the vibration values grow with the increasing speed of the conveyor roller rotation. Experimental measurements have proven the correctness of the assumption that the vibrations transmitted to the trestle of a fixed conveyor idler are lower by up to 40% when using plastic brackets into which the axle of the conveyor roller is attached, compared to the solution where the axle of the conveyor roller is inserted into the notches of a steel trestle.
Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate for Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye
Authors: Huo Li-Zhu , Guo Chaofei , Gong Zhu-Xiang , Xu Hao , Yang Xue-Juan , Wang Yu-Xuan , Luo Xi-Ping
Published: November 2023

The research aims to resolve water pollution generated by dye wastewater. In this paper, the aminated sodium lignosulfonate (AELS) was prepared through the Mannich reaction, and the synthesis conditions were optimized using orthogonal experiments to determine the best amination conditions. The successful preparation of AELS was demonstrated through the use of FT-IR, XRD, TG, SEM and XPS characterization techniques. Then, the adsorption capacity of Methyl blue (MB) by AELS was compared in a range of different circumstances, like pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, time, and temperature. Additionally, the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic properties of the AELS adsorption for MB were studied and discussed. The results indicated that the fitting results were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, in accordance with the mechanism of single-molecular-layer chemisorption. And the adsorption of MB by AELS was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Upon completion of five adsorption experiments, the adsorption capacity of MB by AELS was determined to be 107.95 mg g-1, which was 5.3% lower than the first experiment. This research promotes the effective use of natural resources and allows for the sustainable use of lignin and the advancement of new applications for it.
A Study on Mortality Predictors in Hemodialysis Patients Infected with COVID-19: Impact of Vaccination Status
Authors: Brkovic Voin , Nikolic Gorana , Baralić Marko , Kravljava Milica , Milinkovic Marija , Pavlovic Jelena , Lausevic Mirjana , Radovic Milan
Published: November 2023

Laboratory analyses reveal significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in parameters like C-reactive protein, ferritin, and white blood cell counts. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses identify several factors influencing mortality, including comorbidities, pneumonia development, and various inflammatory markers.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiro[4H-Chromene-3,3′-oxindoles] via Squaramide-Organocatalyzed Three-Component Cascade Knoevenagel/ Michael/ Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Wang Li ming , Mu Hong wen , Sun Yu hong , Jin Ying , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2023

An efficient stereoselective three-component reaction for the synthesis of spiro[4H-chromene-3,3’-oxindole] derivatives was realized through an organocatalyzed cascade Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization reaction using a quinidine-derived squaramide as the catalyst. Under the optimized conditions, the reactions of isatins, malononitrile, and sesamol yield the desired spirooxindoles in good yields (75–87%) and moderate to high ee values (up to 90% ee). Two pairs of selected enantiomers were subjected to evaluate their antiproliferative activities on three types of human cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The results indicated that stereoselectivity and electrical effect showed significant impact on activity. Enanotiomer R-3f exhibited optimal cytotoxic activity against U2OS cell line, which was close to the inhibitory activity of positive control, Adriamycin.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Commercial Strain Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1022
Authors: Kulaeva Olga A. , Zorin Evgeny A. , Sulima Anton S. , Akhtemova Gulnara A. , Zhukov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2023

Legume plants enter symbiosis with soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), thereby gaining access to the assimilable atmospheric nitrogen. This symbiosis is important for agriculture, thus, biofertilizers with effective strains of rhizobia are created for crop legumes to increase their yield and minimize the amounts of mineral fertilizers used. In this work, we sequenced and characterized the genome of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain RCAM1022, a component of the ‘Rhizotorfin’ biofertilizer produced in Russia and used for pea (Pisum sativum L.).
Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Biodiversity in Italy
Authors: Bottari Teresa , Mghili Bilal , Gunasekarana Kannan , Mancuso Monique
Published: November 2023

Abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a primary contributor to the entanglement of numerous marine species. Utilizing digital media platforms like Google, Facebook, and Instagram we conducted an assessment of the detrimental effects of ALDFG and plastic litter, on the biodiversity of Italy's marine ecosystem. Our investigation revealed that plastic litter has adverse consequences on various forms of marine life, including reptiles, mammals, birds, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, along different Italian geographical sub-areas. Several records of interaction between plastic and endangered and vulnerable marine species have been described. Our reports even highlight the impact on marine turtles, mainly on Caretta caretta. This is the first report of entangled with fishing nets in Cetorhinus maximus, Oblada melanura, Serranus scriba, Homarus gammarus, Octopus vulgaris, and Phoenicopterus roseus. Furthermore, we identified that ghost nets have repercussions for endangered and vulnerable marine species. This update sheds light on the ongoing adverse effects of ghost nets on the Italian marine ecosystem, yet it is crucial to acknowledge that the true extent of the problem remains underestimated.
A Sensitive and Specific Monoclonal Antibody based Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Rapid Detection of Pretilachlor in Grains and the Environment
Authors: Zhang Linwei , Yin Xiaoyang , Yang Hongfei , Wen Hao , Han Shiyun , Pan Xiaoming , Li Huaming , Qin Liangni , Xiao Jiaxu , Li Long , Si Yu , Liang Jixiang , Peng Dapeng
Published: November 2023

Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide, mainly used for the control of weeds and broadleaf weeds in rice, and widely used in China. For the detection of residues of pretilachlor in the en-vironment and food, a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody against pretilachlor was prepared, and the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the monoclonal antibody was validated to be 31.47±2.35 μg/L. An indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) based on the antibody with a linear range of 6.25~100 μg/L was developed for the detection of pretilachlor residues in the environment and food crops. The specificity of the antibody was explained by computer simula-tions and experimental validation. No cross-reactivity of this monoclonal antibody to alachlor, acetochlor and metalaxyl, and it cross-reacted less than 3.0% to both butachlor and propisochlor. The limits of detection (LOD) for pretilachlor in lake, rice, and soil samples were 4.83~5.23 μg/L. The recoveries of all samples were 78.3%~91.3%. The ic-ELISA method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography, thus, it can be used for residue detection of pretilachlor in the environment and grains.
In the Margins of the 'Posterior Analytics': Robert Grosseteste and the "Latin Philoponus"
Authors: Panti Cecilia
Published: November 2023

Robert Grosseteste’s utilization of Greek and Arabic Aristotelian commentators represents an intriguing aspect of his approach to Aristotle. This study centres on Grosseteste’s quotations from John Philoponus’ Commentary on Posterior Analytics, which Grosseteste employed to complement his own commentary on this Aristotelian work. After revisiting the debated medieval circulation of segments of Philoponus in connection with James of Venice’s Aristotelian translations, the article delves into the Renaissance Latin versions of Philoponus’ commentary. This includes the previously overlooked translation by Maurizio Zamberti (1516, unpublished) and the initial Venetian editions (1534, 1539, 1542). The Venetian prints were derived from an anonymous and unfamiliar Latin version that followed James of Venice’s translation and terminology. This distinctive feature, along with the marginalia referencing Lincolniensis (i.e., Grosseteste) in Philippus Theodosius’ revised text (Venice 1542), allows for a comparison of passages from Grosseteste and Philoponus to validate their correspondences. The final segment of this study investigates Grosseteste’s sparse and elusive references to Aristotle’s On the Soul in light of the possibility that they may stem from fragments of Philoponus’ commentary accompanying James of Venice’s translation of that Aristotelian work.
Characteristics of soil physical properties in different soil management of oxisols and inceptisols
Authors: Pasaribu Naro Pandapotan , Wahjunie Enni Dwi , Tarigan Suria Darma
Published: November 2023

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plantation crop that has a bright future. Soil management such as land clearing, burning, use of heavy equipment and fertilisation in oil palm plantations will affect changes in soil physical properties. This study aims to assess the physical properties of soil in various treatments (planting circle, dead interplant spacings and live interplant spacings) on Oxisol and Inceptisol soil types. This research was conducted in Rancabungur and Malingping Banbten in October 2021 - May 2022. The method used in this study was multistage random sampling. Soil samples were taken from the Malingping area of Banten for the Oxisol soil type (2005 and 2009 planting years), and the Rancabungur area for the 2005 Inceptisol soil type. Comparison of soil physical properties of Oxisol of 2005 planting year with Oxisol of 2009 planting year and the ratio of Oxisol soil type of 2005 planting year and Inceptisol of 2005 planting year in various treatments did not show significant differences in soil physical properties (organic matter, content weight, field capacity moisture content, permanent wilting point, and particle density) between planting circle, dead interplant spacings and live interplant spacings. However, there were significant differences in the physical properties of soil texture between each management and permeability.
Diseases Incidence and Severity of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus in Sweetpotato in Gianyar Regency, Bali
Authors: Putri Ni Kadek Sudani , Listihani Listihani , Yuniti I Gusti Ayu Diah , Sapanca Putu Lasmi Yulianthi , Hanum Farida , Pandawani Ni Putu , Selangga Dewa Gede Wiryangga
Published: November 2023

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) (Potyvirus) was first discovered in Indonesia in 2018. No one has reported information about the incidence and severity of SPFMV disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the incidence and severity of SPFMV in Gianyar, Bali. The research was carried out directly in the field with observational parameters such as symptoms, incidence and disease severity. Observations were made every week when the plants were 63 to 91 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that SPFMV causes purple ringspot symptoms. The incidence of the disease did not increase when the plants were aged 63 to 91 DAP, while the severity of the disease increased every week. The highest incidence and severity of the disease were 70% and 20.7%. The main cause of SPFMV infection in the field is probably due to the continuous use of stem cuttings from previous crops.
Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of Arachis hypogaea L. in varied soil types
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Suryono Edy , Yusriah Yusriah , Khoiri Syaiful
Published: November 2023

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is widely cultivated both in monoculture and polyculture (usually with corn) on dry land in Madura. Generally, the soil types of Madura are grumusol, regosol, and mediterranean. These three types of soil each have different physical and chemical properties. The effect of the addition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the three soil types is unknown. The study aimed to determine the response of peanut plant growth due to the addition of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, in three different soil types. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The research design used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of three types of soil, namely regosol, grumosol, and mediteran as well as with and without the addition of P. fluorescens. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, pod dry weight, seed weight, above-ground biomass, root dry weight, and plant P content. The treatment did not show a significant effect on the root-canopy ratio and P. fluorescens population parameters.
Differential Serum Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Schizophrenia, Cannabis Use Disorder or Dual diagnosis
Authors: Uriguen Leyre , Villate Aitor , Olivares Maitane , Usobiaga Aresatz , Unzueta-Larrinaga Paula , Barrena-Barbadillo Rocío , Callado Luis , Etxebarria Nestor
Published: November 2023

Cannabis use disorder occurs in up to 42% of subjects with schizophrenia. It has been associated with a lower age of onset of schizophrenia, more positive symptoms and a higher frequency of hospitalizations. A number of metabolomic-based studies have shown that levels of several amino acids and lipids are altered in plasma of schizophrenia patients. Similarly, different levels of various lipids, amino acids, sugars, proteins and other metabolites have been quantified in plasma of cannabis consumers, suggesting that consumption of cannabis does interfere in the regulation of further metabolic pathways. In the present study, we performed a non-targeted metabolomic approach in plasma samples of subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder or dual diagnosis. The aim was to find potential biomarkers of the diseases and to gain a better understanding of the relation between cannabis abuse and the development of schizophrenia. The liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry outcomes allowed the annotation of 121 metabolites. The analysis between each group and the corresponding control samples showed a clearer clustering of the samples. The two-way ANOVA and linear analysis of the whole dataset showed that most of the analytes were differently present between the groups, but none of them seems to correlate to gender or age. It can be highlighted the presence of two endocannabinoids (palmitylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA)), nicotine and cotinine as biomarkers of tobacco consumption, and nor-9- carboxy-Δ9-THC as biomarker of the consumption of cannabis. Moreover, some medium chain acylcarnitines (C8/C10) share a common pattern in the three comparison groups whereas some N-acyl serines were also highlighted in some of the group comparisons. The use of this non-targeted metabolomic approach provided us a deep insight to evaluate the metabolomics profile and to uncover putative biomarkers in schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder.
Physiological and molecular comparison of oxidative stress responses in Oryza sativa and Aeluropus littoralis under salt stress condition
Authors: Fakhrfeshani Masoud , Zare-Mehrjerdi Mohammad , Akhar Fatemeh Keykha , Ahmadi Farajollah Shahriari , Niazi Ali , Moshtaghi Nasrin , Zarei Abdolkarim
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on membrane stability, potassium (K+) to sodium (Na+) ratio, and the expression of stress-responsive genes in aerial and underground organs of O. sativa cv. IR64 and Aeluropus littoralis to shed more light on the salt stress adaptive mechanisms in the grass species towards the improvement of salt tolerance in rice. The expression of stress-responsive genes signified the importance of tissue-specific isoforms to circumvent the harmful effects of salinity. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) showed a complete differential expression pattern in two species and its expression was induced in both organs of halophyte but was suppressed in IR64, suggesting it may function as a determining factor in salt adaptability differences in these two species. The cytoplasmic APX (cAPX) seems to be more effective than its peroxisomal counterpart (pAPX), confirming the specialized functions of subcellular isoforms in association with conferring salt tolerance in each species. In general, A. littoralis displayed a more coordinated function among different antioxidant genes, leading to a more elaborated adaptive mechanism to salinity stress in this halophyte, as evidenced by a higher K+/Na+ ratio and lower membrane permeability. The finding of this study provide relevant information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying salt adaptability in grasses and highlight the importance of some of the antioxidant enzymes in reducing the detrimental effects of high salt concentrations, which would be highly beneficial for utilization in crop improvement programs and incorporation of salt hardiness into elite rice cultivars.
SUMOylation of nuclear receptor Nor1/NR4A3 coordinates microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics and stability in neuronal cells
Authors: Gagnon Jonathan , Caron Véronique , Tremblay André
Published: November 2023

Background Nor1/NR4A3 is a member of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in regulating gene expression related to development, cell homeostasis and neurological functions. However, Nor1 is still considered an orphan receptor, as its natural ligand remains unclear for mediating transcriptional activation. Yet other activation signals may modulate Nor1 activity, although their precise role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system remains elusive.
Methods We used transcriptional reporter assays, gene expression profiling, protein turnover measurement, and cell growth assays to assess the functional relevance of Nor1 and SUMO-defective variants in neuronal cells. SUMO1 and SUMO2 conjugation to Nor1 were assessed by immunoprecipitation. Tubulin integrity was determined by acetylation and fractional compartmentalization.
Results Here, we demonstrate that Nor1 undergoes SUMO1 conjugation at Lys-89 contained in a canonical ψKxE SUMOylation motif, contributing to the complex pattern of Nor1 SUMOylation also including Lys-137. Disruption of Lys-89, preventing SUMO1 conjugation, led to reduced Nor1 transcriptional competence and protein stability, downregulating genes involved in cell growth and metabolism, such as ENO3, EN1, and CFLAR, and in microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics, including MAP2 and MAPT, thereby reducing the survival of neuronal cells. Interestingly, Lys-89 SUMOylation was potentiated in response to nocodazole, a microtubule depolymerizing drug, although this was insufficient to rescue cells from microtubule disruption despite enhanced Nor1 gene expression. Instead, Lys-89 deSUMOylation reduced the expression of microtubule-severing genes like KATNA1, SPAST, and FIGN, and enhanced a-tubulin acetylation and microfilament organization, promoting microtubule stability and resistance to nocodazole. These effects contrasted with Lys-137 SUMOylation, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms based on Nor1 input SUMOylation signals.
Conclusions This study provides novel insights into the transcriptional signaling competence and unexpected role of nuclear orphan receptor Nor1 in regulating neuronal cytoskeleton assembly. Our results outline a novel mechanism whereby selective Nor1 SUMOylation may govern cytoskeleton network resistance against microtubule disturbances, a condition strongly associated to neurodegenerative diseases.
Endoman 1.0 Trainer A Low-Cost Simulation Pedagogic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Teaching Model for High, Middle and Low Resource Settings
Authors: Ajah Jonathan , Al-Ani Sami A , Delieu John , Al-Antary Noor , Stocker Claire Joanne , Mellor Duane Daniel
Published: November 2023

Background:
Endoscopy is a crucial tool for the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders but necessitates proper training for healthcare professionals. Regrettably, many low- and middle-income countries face limited access to such training due to high costs. This study shows the development, introduction, and preliminary evaluation of the Endoman Trainer 1.0, as a cost-efficient, Pedagogic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Teaching Model that is trainer and trainee-friendly and designed to bridge the training gap in low, middle and high-income countries.
Methods:
Endoman 1.0 was conceptualized and developed using a five-step innovation process: 1) Idea generation, 2) Idea review and evaluation, 3) Proof-of-concept (or a pilot), 4) Full rollout and implementation, and 5) Adoption and benefits realization. The initial steps were undertaken at Aston Medical School, Birmingham and the implementation was evaluated at Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London and the 2023 Annual General Meeting of Medical Association of Nigerians Across Great Britain and Ireland through surveys using convenient sampling.
Results:
Data collected from step 4 shows the total respondents in the study (n = 18), the majority (66.66%, n = 12) were Doctors. Clarity of innovation displayed as a video to respondents was predominantly rated as very clear (72%, n = 13), with some finding it somewhat clear (17%, n = 3) and a few remaining neutral (11%, n = 2).
In relation to Endoman 1.0 relevance in improving access to endoscopy training in LMIC countries, 50% (n = 9) viewed the content as highly relevant, and 44% (n = 8) regarded it as relevant. The use of the industry-type snake camera in medical simulation was considered highly innovative by 50% (n = 9) and innovative by 44% (n = 8). Evaluating the feasibility of the trainer, 61% (n = 11) found it feasible for LMIC countries, with 28% (n = 5) rating it highly feasible. A majority i.e 72% (n = 13) anticipated the content would have a high impact on health outcomes, and 17% (n = 3) expected a very high impact.
Conclusion:
EndoMan 1.0 provides an affordable yet practical solution to enhance endoscopy training in resource-limited settings. Enamouring trainees with foundational skills expedites the learning for endoscopy. Its versatility in facilitating both classroom instruction and independent learning underscores its far-reaching educational impact.
Morphometric assessment for functional evaluation of coronary stenosis with intravascular ultrasound and ultrasonic flow ratio in vessel with single stenosis
Authors: Huang Yuming , Huang Lei , Zhang Minghua , Cai Anping , Chen Liansheng , Wu Quanmin , Jia Qianjun , Deng Huiliang , Hu Ziyang , Huang Meiping , Xie Nianjin
Published: November 2023

Background: The ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR) derived from morpho-functional computational method by IVUS image. UFR can identify the functional severity of coronary stenosis, but it is unclear whether UFR would improve diagnostic accuracy of IVUS in determining coronary stenosis hemodynamics in single-stenosis lesion.
Aim: The study investigatedthe diagnostic performance of intravascular ultrasound-derived parameters (IVUS) in identifying functionally significant coronary stenosis in a vessel with single stenosis.
Methods: 68 patients with 70vessels were enrolled in this single stenosis study, all vessels were performed with IVUSand Murray law based quantitative flow ratio (μQFR), and IVUSimages were used to perform UFR.
Results: UFR showed a good correlation with μQFR(r =0.87; p <0.001). With μQFRas the reference, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of UFR was98.57%, 95%, 100%, 100.00% and 98%, respectively. With UFR/μQFRconcordance, lesion length, minimal lumen diameter (MLD), diameter stenosis (DS), and area stenosis (AS) in quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), minimal lumen area (MLA), plaque burden, and plaque volume in IVUS showed excellent diagnostic efficiency in determining the functional significance of coronary stenosis in a vessel with single stenosis. Multiple logistic regression models, including the lesion length and DS in QCA, and MLA in IVUS provided superior predictive efficacy for physiologically significant ischemia.
Conclusions: UFR has a good correlation with μQFR. IVUS derived parameters have excellent diagnostic efficiency in identifying the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis in a vessel with single stenosis.
Solving the Puzzle of the 1996 Biak, Indonesia Tsunami
Authors: Pandadaran Sidiq Hargo , Yanagisawa Hideaki , Shibazaki Bunichiro , Fujii Yushiro , Miyagi Toyohiko , Gold David Patrick
Published: November 2023

On February 17, 1996, an earthquake occurred northeast of Biak Island, Indonesia, and caused a tsunami. Interestingly, the southwest side of Biak Island, which was not facing the epicenter, had a higher tsunami runup than the facing side. In previous studies, it was assumed that the earthquake triggered submarine landslides. However, as no one has addressed this phenomenon, this remains an unsolved hypothesis. The tsunami arrival times obtained from local people’s testimonies were used to perform backward tsunami raytracing. Considering the raytracing results and multibeam topography, we found four submarine landslide candidates: three submarine landslides and one submarine landslide were located to the southwest and south of Biak Island, respectively. The results showed that the submarine landslide located at 135.624°E and 1.009°S with a length of 950 m, a width of 5000 m, and a thickness of about 75 m seems to explain the observed runup and arrival time. In previous studies, the fault parameters were determined without considering a submarine landslide event. As a result, the models could not explain the observed runup in the southwest coastal area of Biak Island. To tackle this problem, we propose an approach that combines a submarine landslide model and a modification of a previously proposed fault model. Our model explains the observed runup heights well; we obtained a geometric mean of 1.00 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.44.
Effects of glacial isostatic adjustment on fault reactivation and its consequences on radionuclide migration in crystalline host rocks
Authors: Kern Dominik , Magri Fabien , Malkovsky Victor , Steffen Holger , Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

To assess the robustness of a safety case for a deep geological repository (DGR), it is necessary to analyse a range of scenarios covering likely, less likely and hypothetical future developments.

Crystalline rock can, under ideal conditions, provide a suitable hydrogeologic barrier due to its extremely low matrix permeability.
However, this host rock is often fractured, which can compromise its HM barrier function. We quantify how faults that are prone to reactivation during glacial events can affect radionuclide migration around a DGR. We extend a previously developed finite element model of coupled fluid flow and radionuclide transport to numerically solve the component transport problem before and after fault reactivation.

Assuming that fault reactivation is triggered by changes in mechanical boundary conditions, we derive heterogeneous permeability distributions in the reactivated faults by evaluating the Coulomb failure stress criterion of finite element solutions of a complementary hydro-mechanical problem.
Specifically, we evaluate the consequences of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) during a glacial cycle.

We find that the increased permeability in the reactivated faults accelerates the migration of radionuclides along the fault by chanelling the flow, while it is reduced in the direction perpendicular to the fault. The channeling observed is also a result of heterogeneous permeability enhancement and the flow fields differ from those of the previous model which postulated a homogeneous permeability enhancement.

Although the proposed numerical workflow has been applied to the case of GIA, it can also be adapted to study hydro-mechanical processes induced by seismic events or by
hydrofracking in enhanced geothermal systems.
Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in an informal settlement in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kamara Ibrahim Franklyn , Tengbe Sia Morenike , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Nuwagira Innocent , Ali Desta Betula , Koroma Fanny F. , Kamara Rugiatu Z , Lakoh Sulaiman , Sesay Santigie , Russell James B. W. , Theobald Sally , Lyons Mary
Published: November 2023

Background
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Informal settlement dwellers exhibit a high prevalence of behavioural risk factors and are highly vulnerable to hypertension and diabetes. However, no study has assessed the prevalence of hypertension and high blood glucose levels among informal settlement dwellers in Sierra Leone. We conducted a study in June 2019 to determine the prevalence of hypertension, high blood glucose, and associated risk factors among adults living in the largest Sierra Leonean informal settlement (KrooBay).
Methods and materials
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey among adults aged ³ 35 years in the KrooBay community. Trained healthcare workers collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health behaviours using the World Health Organization STEPwise surveillance questionnaire for chronic disease risk factors. Anthropometric, blood glucose, and blood pressure measurements were performed following standard procedures. Logistics regression was used for analysis and adjusted odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.
Results
Of the 418 participants, 242 (57%) were females and those below the age of 45 years accounted for over half (55.3%) of the participants. The prevalence of smoking was 18.2%, alcohol consumption was 18.8%, overweight was 28.2%, obesity was 17.9%, physical inactivity was 81.5%, and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was 99%. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 34.2% (95% CI 29.6-38.8%), diastolic blood pressure was 39.9% (95% CI 35.2-44.6), and participants with high blood glucose were 2.2% (95% CI 0.7-3.6%). Being aged ≥ 55 years (AOR= 7.35, 95% CI 1.49-36.39)and >60 years (AOR 8.05; 95% CI 2.22-29.12), separated (AOR= 1.34; 95% 1.02 - 7.00), cohabitating (AOR= 6.68; 95% CL1.03-14.35), vocational (AOR =3.65; 95% CI 1.81-7.39 ) and having a university education (AOR=4.62; 95% CI 3.09-6.91) were found to be independently associated with hypertension.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension, high blood glucose , and associated risk factors was high among the residents of the Kroobay informal settlement. There is an urgent need for the implementation of health education, promotion, and screening initiatives to reduce health risks so that these conditions will not overwhelm health services.
Age exacerbates the negative effect of depression on executive functioning in racial and ethnic minorities
Authors: Niu Zhimei , Haley Andreana , Clark Alexandra , Duarte Audrey
Published: November 2023

Age and depression may interact to produce a “double jeopardy” for cognitive impairment, and executive functioning, in cognitively unimpaired aging. Few studies have considered middle age or the ethnoracial diversity of subjects, despite evidence of more severe cognitive outcomes in historically minoritized people. In this pilot study, we investigated the impact of age on depression-related cognitive impairment and the underlying brain volumes in middle-aged non-Hispanic White adults (116), and Hispanic and Black adults (60), with a total number of 176 adults. The result shows a significant interaction between age and depression for executive functioning, specifically for middle-aged Hispanic and Black adults, but not non-Hispanic White adults. Prefrontal cortex volumes, which were reduced in the Black and Hispanic compared to the non-Hispanic White adults, partially mediated the relationship between depression level and executive functioning, across age and ethnoracial group. Collectively, these results suggest that the negative impact of depression on executive functioning and Prefrontal cortex volumes integrity may be exacerbated by age and that historically minoritized people may be particularly sensitive to this double jeopardy.
Contextualizing Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Peer Support Service Provision in the Probation System with Implementation Science
Authors: Kang Augustine , Bailey Amelia , Napoleon Siena , Martin Rosemarie
Published: November 2023

Background
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an evidence-based approach that reduces opioid-related mortality, particularly among criminal legal-involved persons who are at increased risk of adverse outcomes related to OUD. Implementing evidence-based approaches in the context of probation settings requires an in-depth understanding of specific contexts to improve intervention efficacy and effectiveness. Here, we use the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework to understand implementation contexts for MOUD provision to the probation setting.
Methods
In-depth individual interviews were conducted with key programmatic stakeholders (treatment providers and probation staff involved in service provision for people on probation). The study examined stakeholder perspectives regarding MOUD and Peer Support Service (PSS) implementation among people who are involved in community supervision. Deductive and inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and subsequently the codes, subcodes, and themes were mapped onto the EPIS framework to better understand implementation contexts.
Results
We deduced key inner, outer, and bridging contexts that shape treatment service provision for individuals with OUD who are on probation. Inner contexts include a strong organizational climate that supports MOUD implementation and enthusiasm for peer support services. Outer contexts include difficulty navigating insurance among providers, treatment costs, and systemic stigma towards MOUD. Bridging contexts include a lack of collaboration/communication between relevant agencies (e.g., probation and courts).
Conclusions
Findings indicate the implementation is complex and requires a coordinated effort between correctional systems, probation agencies, and community-based treatment providers.
Pretreatment with Tetrandrine Enhanced the Antioxidative and Immunomodulatory Activities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Fadaghi Shohreh , Mahmoodi Merat , Derakhshani Ali , Sedghy Farnaz , ranjkesh Mahdi , Behzadi Ahmadreza
Published: November 2023

In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were pretreated with Tetrandrine (TET) as a bis-benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects to examine the effects of this molecule on the antioxidative potential of MSCs and their modulatory effects on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After treatment of MSCs with TET, the viability of MSCs was detected using MTT assay and Trypan blue staining. Flow cytometry technique was applied to evaluate cell cycle distribution and immunophenotype of MSCs. The production of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), malondialdehyde (MDA), kynurenine, TGF-β, and IFN-γ were measured by spectrophotometry. Then, TET-pretreated MSCs were cocultured with PBMCs. The MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation of PBMCs. Cell cycle progression of PBMCs and frequency of regulatory T cells were evaluated using Flow cytometry. ELISA assay was also applied to determine the concentrations of TGF-β and IFN-γ after coculturing. According to our data, TET enhanced the secretion of SOD3 and kynurenine from MSCs, while the production of IFN-γ was reduced. No change was observed in the viability, proliferation, and immunophenotype of MSCs after treatment with TET. Moreover, the proliferation and frequency of PBMCs in the S and G2/M phases of cell cycle reduced after co-culturing with TET-pretreated MSCs. The concentration of TGF-β was increased in the supernatant of PBMCs, but the level of IFN-γ was reduced. Our data suggested the pretreatment of MSCs with TET as a novel strategy for increasing the antioxidative and immunomodulatory activity of these cells.
Evaluation of Stenoses Using AI Video Models Applied to Coronary Angiographies
Authors: Avram Robert , Labrecque-Langlais Elodie , Corbin Denis , Tastet Olivier , Hayek Ahmad , Doolub Gemina , Mrad Sebastián , Tardif Jean-Claude , Tanguay Jean-Francois , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Tison Geoffrey , Kadoury Samuel , Le William , Gallo Richard , Lesage Frederic
Published: November 2023

The coronary angiogram is the gold standard for evaluating the severity of coronary artery disease stenoses. Presently, the assessment is conducted visually by cardiologists, a method that lacks standardization. This study introduces DeepCoro, a ground-breaking AI-driven pipeline that integrates advanced vessel tracking and a video-based Swin3D model that was trained and validated on a large dataset comprised of 182,418 coronary angiographies spanning 4 years. DeepCoro achieved a notable precision of 71.89% in identifying coronary artery segments and demonstrated a mean absolute error of 20.15% (95% CI: 19.88-20.40) and a classification AUROC of 0.8294 (95% CI: 0.8215-0.8373) in stenosis percentage prediction compared to traditional cardiologist assessments. When compared to two expert interventional cardiologists, DeepCoro achieved lower variability than the clinical reports (19.09%; 95% CI: 18.55-19.58 vs 21.00%; 95% CI: 20.20-21.76, respectively). In addition, DeepCoro can be fine-tuned to a different modality type. When fine-tuned on quantitative coronary angiography assessments, DeepCoro attained an even lower mean absolute error of 7.75% (95% CI: 7.37-8.07), underscoring the reduced variability inherent to this method. This study establishes DeepCoro as the first video-based, adaptable tool in coronary artery disease analysis, significantly enhancing the precision and reliability of stenosis assessment.
Modelling the transmission dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in a live bird market
Authors: Pinotti Francesco , Kohnle Lisa , Lourenço José , Gupta Sunetra , Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Mahmud Rashed , Biswas Paritosh , Pfeiffer Dirk , Fournié Guillaume
Published: November 2023

H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are a major concern for the poultry sector and human health in countries where this subtype is endemic. By fitting a model simulating H9N2 AIV transmission to data from a field experiment, we characterise the epidemiology of the virus in a live bird market in Bangladesh. Many supplied birds arrive already exposed to H9N2 AIVs, resulting in many broiler chickens entering the market as infected, and many indigenous backyard chickens entering with pre-existing immunity. Most susceptible chickens become infected within one day spent at the market, owing to high levels of viral transmission within market and short latent periods, as brief as 5.3 hours. Although H9N2 AIV transmission can be substantially reduced under moderate levels of cleaning and disinfection, effective risk mitigation also requires a range of additional interventions targeting markets and other nodes along the poultry production and distribution network.
Novel Magnetic Bimetallic AuCu Catalyst for Reduction of Nitroarenes and Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Bashirimousavi Saba , Sansano J.M.
Published: November 2023

Herein, core-shell magnetic nanoparticles are modified with imidazolium-tagged phosphine and propylene glycol moieties and used for stabilization of bimetallic AuCu nanoparticles. The structure and morphology of prepared material is identified with SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. This hydrophilic magnetic bimetallic catalyst applied in the reduction of toxic nitroarenes and degradation of hazardous organic dyes of methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR), and rhodamine B (RhB), as well as in the degradation of tetracycline (TC). This magnetic AuCu catalyst indicated superior activity in all three mentioned reactions in comparison with its single metal analogs Au and Cu. This catalyst was recycled for 17 consecutive runs in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol without a significant decreasing in catalytic activity and recycled catalyst was characterized.
Using Cryoprobes of Different Sizes Combined with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Derived Augmented Fluoroscopy and Endobronchial Ultrasound to Diagnose Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Lin Ching-Kai , Ruan Sheng-Yuan , Fan Hung-Jen , Chang Hao-Chun Chang , Lin Yen-Ting , Ho Chao-Chi
Published: November 2023

Background
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and cone-beam computed tomography-derived augmented fluoroscopy (CBCT-AF) are utilized for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Combining them with transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBC) can provide sufficient tissue for genetic analysis. However, cryoprobes of different sizes have varying degrees of flexibility, which can affect their ability to access the target bronchus and potentially impact the accuracy. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of cryoprobes of varying sizes in CBCT-AF and EBUS for the diagnosis of PPLs.
Methods
Patients who underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-TBB) and TBC combined with CBCT-AF for PPLs diagnosis between January 2021 and May 2022 were included. Propensity score matching and competing-risks regression were utilized for data analysis.
Results
A total of 284 patients underwent TBC, with 172 using a 1.7-mm cryoprobe (1.7 group) and 112 using a 1.1-mm cryoprobe (1.1 group). Finally, we included 99 paired patients following propensity score matching. The diagnostic accuracy of TBC was higher in the 1.1 group (80.8% vs 69.7%, P = 0.050), with a similar rate of complications. Subgroup analysis also revealed that the 1.1 group had better accuracy when PPLs were located in the upper lobe (85.2% vs 66.1%, P = 0.020) and when PPLs were smaller than 20 mm (78.8% vs 48.8%, P = 0.008). TBC obtained larger specimens than TBB in both groups. The sample size obtained by TBC did not differ between the 1.7 and 1.1 groups (40.8 mm2 vs 22.0 mm2, P = 0.283).
Conclusions
The combination of TBC with CBCT-AF and EBUS is effective and safe in diagnosing PPLs, and a thin cryoprobe is preferred when the PPLs located in difficult areas.