bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorption and scattering properties of organic carbon vs. sulfate dominant aerosols at Gosan climate observatory in Northeast Asia
Authors: Lim S. , Lee M. , Kim S.-W. , Yoon S.-C. , Lee G. , Lee Y.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Carbonaceous and soluble ionic species of PM1.0 and PM10 were measured along with the absorption and scattering properties and aerosol number size distributions at Gosan climate observatory (GCO) from January to September 2008. The daily averaged equivalent black carbon (EBC) measured as aerosol absorption exhibited two types of spectral dependence with a distinct maximum (peak) at either 370 nm or 880 nm, by which two subsets were extracted and classified into the respective groups (370 nm and 880 nm). The 370 nm group was distinguished by high organic carbon (OC) concentrations relative to elemental carbon (EC) and sulfate, but sulfate was predominant for the 880 nm group. The PM1.0 OC of the 370 nm group was mainly composed of refractory and pyrolized components that correlated well with PM1.0 EC1, referred to as char EC, which suggests biofuel and biomass combustion as the source of these OC fractions, particularly during winter. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and the number size distributions implied that aerosols of the 370 nm group were externally mixed upon transport in fast-moving air masses that passed through the Beijing area in about one day. In contrast, the aerosols of the 880 nm group were characterized by high sulfate concentrations, and seemed to be internally mixed during slow transport over the Yellow Sea region over approximately two to four days. The absorption and scattering coefficients of the 880 nm group were noticeably higher compared to those of the 370 nm group. The average absorption ångström exponent (AAE) was estimated to be 1.29 and 1.0 for the 370 nm and 880 nm groups, respectively, in the range 370–950 nm. These results demonstrated that the optical properties of aerosols were intimately linked to chemical composition and mixing state, characteristics determined both by source and atmospheric aging processes. In OC dominant aerosols, absorption was enhanced in the UV region, which was possibly due to refractory and pyrolized OC compounds. Under sulfate dominant conditions, the sulfate coating on BC particles contributed to the absorption of the longer visible light. Consequently, single scattering albedo (SSA) was higher for the 880 nm group than for the 370 nm group, emphasizing that the relative abundances of absorbing and scattering constituents are also important in estimating the climate effect of aerosols.
Regional representation of F2 Chapman parameters based on electron density profiles
Authors: Limberger M. , Liang W. , Schmidt M. , Dettmering D. , Hugentobler U.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Understanding the physical processes within the ionosphere is a key requirement to improve and extend ionospheric modeling approaches. The determination of meaningful parameters to describe the vertical electron density distribution and how they are influenced by the solar activity is an important topic in ionospheric research. In this regard, the F2 layer of the ionosphere plays a key role as it contains the highest concentration of electrons and ions. In this contribution, the maximum electron density NmF2, peak height hmF2 and scale height HF2 of the F2 layer are determined by employing a model approach for regional applications realized by the combination of endpoint-interpolating polynomial B splines with an adapted physics-motivated Chapman layer. For this purpose, electron density profiles derived from ionospheric GPS radio occultation measurements of the satellite missions FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, GRACE and CHAMP have been successfully exploited. Profiles contain electron density observations at discrete spots, in contrast to the commonly used integrated total electron content from GNSS, and therefore are highly sensitive to obtaining the required information of the vertical electron density structure. The spatio-temporal availability of profiles is indeed rather sparse, but the model approach meets all requirements to combine observation techniques implicating the mutual support of the measurements concerning accuracy, sensitivity and data resolution. For the model initialization and to bridge observation gaps, the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 is applied. Validations by means of simulations and selected real data scenarios show that this model approach has significant potential and the ability to yield reliable results.
Climatology of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in the Central Pacific and South American sectors
Authors: Duly T. M. , Chapagain N. P. , Makela J. J.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. We present occurrence rate statistics for nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in the Central Pacific and South American sectors using data collected by 630.0 nm filtered CCD imaging systems. The data were collected from September 2006 through December 2012. In general, the statistics are in good agreement with the basic linear theory of MSTIDs, with observations coinciding with low F10.7A values, representative of solar minimum. Overall, MSTIDs are observed in approximately 68% of the usable nights near the solstices at mid-latitudes and approximately 20% of the usable nights for equinox periods. Observations closer to the geomagnetic equator yielded a maximum occurrence rate of about 10–20% during the solstices and about 0–3% during the equinoxes. The lower number of MSTID observations near the low latitudes is attributed to limitations of MSTID growth rate, propagation, and/or geometrical observational effects. The relatively large number of MSTID occurrences during the solstices can be accounted for by the neutral wind contribution to the MSTID growth rate either at the local or magnetic conjugate point.
Swept under the carpet: organic matter burial decreases global ocean biogeochemical model sensitivity to remineralization length scale
Authors: Kriest I. , Oschlies A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Although of substantial importance for marine tracer distributions and eventually global carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen fluxes, the interaction between sinking and remineralization of organic matter, benthic fluxes and burial is not always represented consistently in global biogeochemical models. We here aim to investigate the relationships between these processes with a suite of global biogeochemical models, each simulated over millennia, and compared against observed distributions of pelagic tracers and benthic and pelagic fluxes. We concentrate on the representation of sediment–water interactions in common numerical models, and investigate their potential impact on simulated global sediment–water fluxes and nutrient and oxygen distributions. We find that model configurations with benthic burial simulate global oxygen well over a wide range of possible sinking flux parameterizations, making the model more robust with regard to uncertainties about the remineralization length scale. On a global scale, burial mostly affects oxygen in the meso- to bathypelagic zone. While all model types show an almost identical fit to observed pelagic particle flux, and the same sensitivity to particle sinking speed, comparison to observational estimates of benthic fluxes reveals a more complex pattern, but definite interpretation is not straightforward because of heterogeneous data distribution and methodology. Still, evaluating model results against observed pelagic and benthic fluxes of organic matter can complement model assessments based on more traditional tracers such as nutrients or oxygen. Based on a combined metric of dissolved tracers and biogeochemical fluxes, we here identify two model descriptions of burial as suitable candidates for further experiments and eventual model refinements.
Drilling cores on the sea floor with the remote-controlled sea floor drilling rig MeBo
Authors: Freudenthal T. , Wefer G.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The sea floor drill rig MeBo (acronym for Meeresboden-Bohrgerät, German for sea floor drill rig) is a robotic drill rig that is deployed on the sea floor and operated remotely from the research vessel to drill up to 80 m into the sea floor. It was developed at the MARUM Research Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at Bremen University. The complete system – comprising the drill rig, winch, control station, and the launch and recovery system – is transported in six containers and can be deployed worldwide from German and international research ships. It was the first remote-controlled deep sea drill rig to use a wireline coring technique. Compared to drilling vessels this technology has the advantage of operating from a stable platform at the sea bed, which allows for optimal control over the drilling process. Especially for shallow drillings in the range of tens to hundreds of metres, sea bed drill rigs are time-efficient since no drill string has to be assembled from the ship to the sea floor before the first core can be taken. The MeBo has been successfully operated, retrieving high-quality cores at the sea bed for a variety of research fields, including slope stability studies and palaeoclimate reconstructions. Based on experience with the MeBo, a rig is now being built that will be able to drill to a depth of 200 m.
Influence of soil, land use and climatic factors on the hydraulic conductivity of soil
Authors: Jarvis N. , Koestel J. , Messing I. , Moeys J. , Lindahl A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Due to inadequate data support, existing algorithms used to estimate soil hydraulic conductivity, K, in (eco)hydrological models ignore the effects of key site factors such as land use and climate and underplay the significant effects of soil structure on water flow at and near saturation. These limitations may introduce serious bias and error into predictions of terrestrial water balances and soil moisture status, and thus plant growth and rates of biogeochemical processes. To resolve these issues, we collated a new global database of hydraulic conductivity measured by tension infiltrometer under field conditions. The results of our analyses on this data set contrast markedly with those of existing algorithms used to estimate K. For example, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, in the topsoil (< 0.3 m depth) was found to be only weakly related to texture. Instead, the data suggests that Ks depends more strongly on bulk density, organic carbon content and land use. In this respect, organic carbon was negatively correlated with Ks, presumably due to water repellency, while Ks at arable sites was, on average, ca. 2–3 times smaller than under natural vegetation, forests and perennial agriculture. The data also clearly demonstrates that clay soils have smaller K in the soil matrix and thus a larger contribution of soil macropores to K at and near saturation.
Assessing institutional capacities to adapt to climate change: integrating psychological dimensions in the Adaptive Capacity Wheel
Authors: Grothmann T. , Grecksch K. , Winges M. , Siebenhüner B.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Several case studies show that social factors like institutions, perceptions and social capital strongly affect social capacities to adapt to climate change. Together with economic and technological development they are important for building social capacities. However, there are almost no methodologies for the systematic assessment of social factors. After reviewing existing methodologies we identify the Adaptive Capacity Wheel (ACW) by Gupta et al. (2010), developed for assessing the adaptive capacity of institutions, as the most comprehensive and operationalised framework to assess social factors. The ACW differentiates 22 criteria to assess 6 dimensions: variety, learning capacity, room for autonomous change, leadership, availability of resources, fair governance. To include important psychological factors we extended the ACW by two dimensions: "adaptation motivation" refers to actors' motivation to realise, support and/or promote adaptation to climate; "adaptation belief" refers to actors' perceptions of realisability and effectiveness of adaptation measures. We applied the extended ACW to assess adaptive capacities of four sectors – water management, flood/coastal protection, civil protection and regional planning – in northwestern Germany. The assessments of adaptation motivation and belief provided a clear added value. The results also revealed some methodological problems in applying the ACW (e.g. overlap of dimensions), for which we propose methodological solutions.
Political Facebook groups: Micro-activism and the digital front stage
Authors: Marichal Jose
Published: December 2013

This paper seeks to expand our understanding the dynamics of political SNSs by means of a content analysis of 250 politically oriented Facebook groups. Using Google Translate, I examine Facebook groups from 32 different countries in 23 different languages. Using grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) and Goffman’s (1978) work on dramaturgy, I develop a theory of a digital front stage that helps explain how and why Facebook users create groups. This digital front stage is maintained, I argue, through the use of four sets of signifiers (expressivity, identity, signifiers and text length). Because Facebook is a nonymous (as opposed to anyonmous) environment, actors can seek to construct “hoped for possible (political) selves” (Markus and Nurius, 1986). Political Facebook groups allow for the performance of these “possible selves” through the formation of idealized political identities. In the conclusion, I discuss the implications of SNS applications like Facebook groups for the future of digital citizenship.
Viewing youth and mobile privacy through a digital policy literacy framework
Authors: Shade Leslie Regan , Shepherd Tamara
Published: December 2013

Digital policy literacy is a critical element of digital literacy that emphasizes an understanding of communication policy processes, the political economy of media, and technological infrastructures. This paper introduces an analytical framework of digital policy literacy and applies it to young people’s everyday negotiations of mobile privacy, in order to argue for increased policy literacy around privacy and mobile phone communication. The framework is applied to the Canadian context, where a small study engaged undergraduate university students in focus groups around their uses of mobiles and knowledge of mobile privacy issues. Findings reveal that while our participants were aware of a variety of privacy threats in mobile communication, they were not likely to participate in policy processes that might protect their privacy rights. The paper concludes with a discussion of why young people may not be motivated to intervene in policy processes and how their digital policy literacy around mobile privacy is mitigated by the construction of youth as a lucrative target consumer market for mobile devices and services.
Understanding challenges in non-visual interaction with travel sites: An exploratory field study with blind users
Authors: Babu Rakesh
Published: December 2013

Millions of blind people cannot use travel sites effectively due to the significant access and usability barriers. Literature recognizes that travel sites lack accessibility and usability, but does not clarify the nature of interaction challenges blind users face. We conducted an exploratory field study with blind participants to examine where, how and why challenges arose in searching for flights on the Orbitz travel site. We employed verbal protocol analysis to generate an in-depth, contextually-situated and experiential understanding of participants’ interaction challenges. Results establish the feasibility and utility of our approach for an accurate evaluation of accessibility and usability of travel sites for blind users.
Stem Cell Marker Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-Expressing Cells are Enriched in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Huihui , Ma Fei , Wang Haijuan , Lin Chen , Fan Ying , Zhang Xueyan , Qian Haili , Xu Binghe
Published: December 2013

The stem cell marker ALDH1 has been of particular interest to scientists since it has been successfully used as a marker to isolate cancer stem cells from breast cancers. However, little is known, especially in Chinese breast cancer patients, on whether ALDH1 enrichment is prevalent in certain subtypes of breast cancer. In this study, we performed flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of ALDH1 in 10 breast cancer cell lines and in a set of tissue microarrays consisting of 101 breast cancer tissues from the Chinese population. The 101 breast cancer tissues included 4 cancer subtypes defined on bases of their ER, PR, and HER2 statuses: triple-negative (25 cases), luminal A (33 cases), luminal B (16 cases) and HER2-overexpressing (HER2-OE, 27 cases). We found that ALDH1 was expressed in 25 of the 101 cases of breast cancer tissues. When the analysis was stratified, we found that the expression of ALDH1 varied significantly among the 4 subtypes, with a higher expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, p=0.003) than in the other 3 subtypes. In a series of breast cancer cell lines, we also confirmed that ALDH1 activity was mainly found in TNBC cell lines compared with non-TNBC ones (15.6%±2.45% vs 5.5%±2.58%, p=0.026). These data support the concept that the expression of ALDH1 is higher in TNBC than non-TNBC, which may be clinically meaningful for a better understanding of the poor prognosis of TNBC patients.
Diversity and abundance of water birds in a subarctic lake during three decades
Authors: Klemetsen Anders , Knudsen Rune
Published: December 2013

The numbers of divers, ducks, gulls, terns and waders in the 15 km2 oligotrophic lake Takvatn, North Norway were estimated six times during 1983-2012. Systematic mapping surveys were done by boat within the first week after ice-break in June. Twenty-one species were observed over the years and 12 were regarded as breeding on the lake. Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator was the dominant diving bird, with estimated minimum number of pairs varying from 15 to 39 among years. Black-throated diver Gavia arctica (1-3 pairs), tufted duck Aythya fuligula (2-15 pairs) and common scoter Melanitta nigra (1-5 pairs) bred regularly, while velvet scoter Melanitta fusca (1-2) and goldeneye Bucephala clangula (2-4) were found in some years and mallard Anas platyrhynchos (1 pair) and wigeon Anas penelope (1 pair) in one year. Common gull Larus canus (6-30 pairs) and arctic tern Sterna paradisaea (2-35 pairs) bred in all years. Common sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos (3-9 pairs) and redshank Tringa totanus (1-4 pairs) were regular waders. Density variations of mergansers, gulls and terns are possibly related to density variations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, their dominant fish prey. The water birds are important links in the food web of the lake.
Use of linear and areal habitat models to establish and distribute beaver Castor fiber harvest quotas in Norway
Authors: Parker Howard , Steifetten Øyvind , Uren Gisle , Rosell Frank
Published: December 2013

In Norway the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber harvest is quota-regulated. Once the annual quota for each municipality has been determined it is distributed to landowner-organized beaver management units. Municipal wildlife managers can choose between two distributional models: the traditional “areal model” whereby each management unit receives its portion of the municipal quota based on the relative area of beaver habitat within the township that it contains, or the more recently developed “linear model” based on the relative length of beaver-utilized shoreline it contains. The linear model was developed in an attempt to increase the precision of the quota distribution process and is based on the fact that beaver occupy landscapes in a linear fashion along strips of shoreline rather than exploiting extensive areas. The assumption was that the linear model would provide a more precise and just method of distributing the municipal quota among landowners. Here we test the hypothesis that the length of beaverutilized shoreline is a better predictor of beaver colony density than the area of beaver habitat on 13 beaver management units of typical size (794 – 2200 hectares) in Bø Township, Norway, during 2 years. As hypothesized, the number of beaver occupied sites on management units correlated significantly (p≤ 0.001) with the length of beaver-utilized shoreline, but not with the area of beaver habitat. Therefore municipalities should employ the linear model when a precise distribution of quotas is necessary. The density of Eurasian beaver colonies at the landscape scale (>100 km2) in south-central Scandinavia averages approximately 1 occupied site per 4 km2. This figure can be employed by municipal wildlife managers to estimate the colony density in their townships, and to calculate municipal quotas, when more precise census information is lacking.
Historical Sense as Vice and Virtue in Nietzsche's Reading of Emerson
Authors: Zavatta Benedetta
Published: December 2013

Nietzsche was an avid reader of Emerson's essays, and their influence is discernible from his earliest philosophical writings through to his final philosophical works. Nietzsche's copies of Emerson's books are covered with traces of his reading, from underlinings, exclamation marks, question marks, and dog-eared pages to numerous annotations and philosophical comments written in the margins. I use some of these to analyze the influence Emerson exerted on Nietzsche's conception of history and historiography. The two authors can be considered “twin souls” in that they both praised the strengthening effects of past greatness and, at the same time, opposed psychological subjugation or fanaticism. Nevertheless, they were not twin minds: Nietzsche rejected Emerson's metaphysical concept of an Oversoul and turned it into the ideal of a Dionysian soul, which aims at reliving the history of humanity in order to increase its power.
Morality Makes Me Sick: A Criticism of Brian Leiter's Treatment of Health in Nietzsche
Authors: Dunkle Ian D.
Published: December 2013

In this article, the author offers a reconstruction and criticism of Brian Leiter's interpretation of Nietzsche's criticism of conventional morality in Nietzsche on Morality. Leiter's interpretation is said to falter because it attributes to Nietzsche an implausible combination of positions. First, Nietzsche is said to be a value antirealist. But he is also said to defer to the value of the flourishing of his audience, who are limited to a certain subset of “higher” humans. The author argues that, in spite of Leiter's attempt to defend this view, he ultimately fails to explain how Nietzsche can be confident in the normative force of the higher humans' flourishing and, so, his criticism of morality. Since the author takes the problems of Leiter's reading to bear on a prevalent general reading of Nietzsche, the author concludes with a brief sketch of a plausible alternative.
Nietzsche, Naturalism, and the Tenacity of the Intentional
Authors: Alfano Mark
Published: December 2013

Nietzsche's most insightful contribution to the naturalistic project in philosophical psychology is not methodological but substantive: he discovered an important truth about the dynamics of psychological states, which I here dub the tenacity of the intentional. According to the tenacity thesis, when an intentional state loses its object, a new object replaces the original; the state does not disappear entirely. This interpretation is supported by and helps to tie together the three essays of the Genealogy. The article concludes by contextualizing the tenacity thesis within Nietzsche's doctrine of the will to power.
“To the other side of home where the lights are given”
Authors: Heavilin Barbara A.
Published: December 2013

In America and Americans John Steinbeck defines his country and its people, in the process serving as a national bard, or seer—upbraiding his nation for its failures and foibles and peering into its future with both hope and some trepidation. He acknowledges the country's lapses, while praising its resilience: “We have failed sometimes, taken wrong paths, paused for renewal, filled our bellies and licked our wounds; but we have never slipped back—never” (205). The somewhat wistful tone of “we have never slipped back” lacks the confidence that “we shall never slip back” would have indicated (emphasis added). Increasingly concerned with America's mores and morality, there is throughout America and Americans an appeal to a higher self and a higher way, but no direct appeal to God, even peripherally. That appeal is reserved for a fictional account of one representative Every American, Ethan Allen Hawley, in The Winter of Our Discontent, a novel that parallels Steinbeck's concerns for his country in his non-fiction America and Americans. Part One centers around the biblical Easter story, and Part Two, focuses on the time around the Fourth of July, concluding with Ethan's oration on “light” as he contemplates suicide, with its implication that there is a Light Giver in a world beyond this one—a place he calls “home.”
Effect of implementation of a rapid response system on protocol adherence in a surgical ward
Authors: Simmes Friede , Schoonhoven Lisette , Mintjes Joke , Fikkers Bernard G. , Hoeven Johannes G. van der
Published: December 2013

Objective: To describe the implementation of a rapid response system and adherence to its afferent limb in order to identify key elements for improvement. Implementation: We developed a multifaceted implementation strategy to introduce the Rapid Response System (RRS) on a 60-bed surgical ward of a university hospital. The strategy included the use of clear objectives, key leaders, an early warning score (EWS) observation protocol and a two-tiered medical emergency team (MET) warning protocol, a 1-day training program including a before-after knowledge test, mandatory for nurses and optional for ward physicians, reminders and feedback. Study design and methods: We retrospectively analyzed a sample of 10,653 patient days and 101 medical records of patients with a serious adverse event (SAE). Outcome measures were EWS recording rates, the nurse to ward physician and the ward physician to the MET calling rates following abnormal EWS recordings, and the indicators triggering these calls. Results: EWS recordings were present in 90% of the day shifts, 88% of the evening shifts and 80% of the night shifts. EWSs were recorded at least once in 92/101 medical records in the three days before an SAE; in 91/101 records EWSs were abnormal at least once. In case of an abnormal score, the nurse called the ward physician once or more in 87% (79/91). After being called by the nurse, the ward physician called the MET once or more in 75% (59/79). However, in 18% (15/79) there was a delay of one or two days before the ward physician/MET was called. Overall, medical emergency team calls were absent or delayed in over 50%. Conclusions: After RRS implementation, recording of the EWS was high. Adequate warning in case of abnormal scores was suboptimal in nurses as well as ward physicians. Future implementation strategies should therefore be aimed at the interdisciplinary team.
Investigando con personas con dificultades de aprendizaje
Authors: González Luna Borja
Published: December 2013

El artículo muestra los orígenes de lo que Walmsley (2008) denomina «investigación inclusiva». Para comprender qué se entiende por investigación inclusiva tenemos que remontarnos a los debates epistemológicos sobre las metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas, acontecidos en la década de los 90, en torno a la revista Disability & Society. A partir de una síntesis de dichos debates, focalizados en el ámbito de la «discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo», se exponen dos estrategias de colaboración con dicha población: a) una aproximación etnográfica (de trabajo grupal), y b) una aproximación biográfica (de trabajo individual). A continuación se esboza un posible diseño de trabajo de campo que intenta superar el paradigma cualitativo «clásico» con el objetivo de incluir a dicho colectivo más allá del rol de «sujetos de la investigación». Para finalizar se recoge el debate sobre la accesibilidad de los resultados de la investigación a los participantes en dichas investigaciones, y con ello la necesaria innovación en el ámbito de las «devoluciones» de los resultados, cuando se trata de incluir a personas que presentan limitaciones para la comprensión del lenguaje abstracto oral y/o escrito.
Formación universitaria e inserción laboral. Titulados españoles con discapacidad y competencias profesionalizadoras
Authors: Dalmau Montalà Mariona , Llinares Fité Montserrat , Sala Bars Ingrid
Published: December 2013

La finalidad de este estudio ha sido explorar los puntos fuertes y débiles detectados por los titulados universitarios españoles con discapacidad en su proceso de educación universitaria e inserción en el mercado laboral ordinario, así como la experiencia y la opinión de las empresas en relación a este tema. La metodología utilizada ha sido cuantitativa-cualitativa y descriptiva. La muestra participante se configuró a partir de 687 titulados universitarios españoles con discapacidad, 77 estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad, 19 Servicios universitarios de Apoyo y 16 empresas. Los resultados y las conclusiones nos permiten afirmar que: los titulados universitarios con discapacidad, generalmente, no reciben en la universidad los apoyos adecuados para poder desarrollar, suficientemente, las competencias profesionales; las prácticas profesionalizadoras son una oportunidad para la inserción laboral de los titulados con discapacidad; la discapacidad prevalece por encima de la calidad del currículum vitae en el momento del acceso al mercado laboral ordinario.
Una experiencia de innovación colaborativa en tecnología centrada en la persona: la detección emocional y sus posibles contribuciones al apoyo de personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo
Authors: Mendizabal Agirre Pako , León Villeda Enrique Edgar , Alutiz Cano Gerardo , Ruiz Cabestany Montserrat
Published: December 2013

El artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre lo interesante que puede resultar la colaboración entre las entidades que se dedican al desarrollo de tecnología social y las que proporcionan apoyos a personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo (DID). Este tipo de trabajo conjunto permite ofrecer una tecnología innovadora y verdaderamente centrada en la persona que satisfaga sus necesidades reales en sus entornos naturales. En nuestro caso, Tecnalia y Uliazpi vienen colaborando desde hace varios años en la identificación de necesidades y en el desarrollo de soluciones tecnológicas que las puedan satisfacer. En este artículo se presenta asimismo un proyecto producto de esta colaboración. Se trata de un sistema de detección emocional que puede apoyar la labor del profesional de apoyo a la hora de reconocer e intervenir sobre las situaciones que promueven el bienestar o el malestar de personas que no lo pueden comunicar con sus propios medios.
La accesibilidad en los videojuegos: una asignatura pendiente
Authors: Díez Alegre María Isabel
Published: December 2013

Díez Alegre, M.I. (2013): “La accesibilidad en los videojuegos: una asignatura pendiente”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, I (2): 155-158.
El reto de la Vida Independiente. La experiencia de la Fundación Síndrome de Down del País Vasco en la prestación de apoyos a Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual
Authors: Fernández Cordero Laura
Published: December 2013

Fernández Cordero, L. (2013): “El reto de la Vida Independiente. La experiencia de la Fundación Síndrome de Down del País Vasco en la prestación de apoyos a Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, I (2): 159-165.
The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilization on the crop, vitamin C content and carbohydrates content of savoy (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.)
Authors: Mokrzecka Emilia
Published: December 2013

The effect of fertilization of savoy with (NH4)2SO4, Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3 and CO(NH2)2 on the crop, vitamin C content and carbohydrates content was investigated in a pot experiment. The largest crop and the lowest vitamin C content was found with Ca(NO3)2. The plants fertilized with CO(NH2)2 showed the highest content of carbohydrates.
The effect of sucrose and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate (8-HQS) on keeping qualities of bud-cut Chrysanthemum flowers and the level of reducing sugars in the florets
Authors: Łukaszewska Aleksandra
Published: December 2013

Chrysanthemums harvested as buds of 50-60 mm in diameter and held in the solutions of sucrose and 8-HQS had inflorescences of quality equal to those opened on the plant and better than flowers placed in water. Exogenous sucrose prolonged vase-life of cv. 'Bronze Bornholm' but did not affect cv. 'Crimson Robe'. No difference was observed in the quality of flowers placed in different sucrose concentrations. All the solutions which improved keeping qualities of cut chrysanthemums caused considerable increase in the flower fresh and dry matter. Also an increase in reducing sugars was found in flowers of both cultivars he1d in the solutions of sucrose and 8-HQS.
Effect of exogenously applied chemicals on keeping qualities of cut carnations
Authors: Łukaszewska A.
Published: December 2013

Use of holding solutions containing sucrose (5%) and an antisepUc (AgNO3 30 ppm, 8-HQS 200 ppm) increased the vase-life and the flower diameter of cut carnation as compared to flowers placed in water. Similar effect of the solution of glucose (5%) plus 8-HQS (300 ppm) and CCC (300 ppm) was observed. However, flowers did not benefit from the use of Flovit. Improvement in flower keeping qualities as influenced by the solutions used in the experiments was due to better plant tissue hydratation and dry matter accumulation.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on β-caroten content in meadow plants
Authors: Widera Maria
Published: December 2013

β-caroten content was estimated in the leaves of Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca rubra, Festuca pratensis, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Carex hirta, Carex Hudsonii and Plantago lanceolata from two different meadows on which different nitrogen fertilization and uniform phosphorus and potassium fertilization were applied. Nitrogen fertilization was found to affect the accumulation of β-caroten in plants.
Segetal communities on rendzina soils near Sieradz
Authors: Siciński Jan T. , Sowa Ryszard
Published: December 2013

In the years 1973-1978 floristic and phytosociological investigations were performed on field cultures on rendzina soils near Sieradz, by the middle part of the Warta river. The mosaic character of the soil of the investigated area on which segetal communities had developed and the continuous interference of a man (an anthropogenic factor) cause a large diversity in the examined area. Altogether in grain and root crop cultures there were distinguished 5 associations, 6 communities and many lower phytosociological units (subcommunities, facies and degree of moisture). Among the distinguished units of vegetation Caucalido-Scandicetum and communities with intermediate structure deserve particular attention. The association has an impoverished structure, only partly developed, which is probably due to the northern limit of the range of occurrence, habitat conditions (mainly edaphic) and the level of agriculture.
Activity of cell wall degrading glycanases in methyl jasmonate-induced leaf abscission in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Authors: Saniewski Marian , Gajewska Ewa , Urbanek Henryk
Published: December 2013

It was found previously that methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) induced leaf abscission in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. In present studies it was shown that JA-Me markedly increased the total activities of cellulase, polygalacturonase, pectinase and xylanase in petioles, but did not affect activities of these enzymes in the blades and apical part of shoots of K. blossfeldiana. These results suggest that methyl jasmonate promotes the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides in the abscission zone and in this way induces leaf abscission in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana.
Morphological features of young red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants depending on habitat cultivation (agrotechnic) factors
Authors: Zając Tadeusz , Bieniek Józef , Witkowicz Robert , Jagusik Wojciech
Published: December 2013

In experiments located in Prusy (Kraków voivodship) at Wierzbica (Katowice voivodship) at the end of vegetative growth in the fall 6 empiricaly determined features characterizing young red clever plants grown in pure stand and undersown in spring barley were analysed. These were following features refering to a single plant: fresh and dry weight, the length of tops and roots, diameter of the root crown and number of shoots. Based on these features 4 indirect indicators were constructed. In 1993-1994 total of 420 plants were analysed. For direct and indirect indicators means and standard deviations were callculated taking into account the influence of given year, location and method of sowing. Least squares and phenotypic correlations between investigated features were also evaluated. In 1994 average values for analysed plant features of red clever were higher than in 1993. The effect of location (of the experiment) was not visible. Better plants were formed when red clever was undersown in spring barley than when grown in pure stand (without the cover crop). Alls features measured directly showed very high variability between these features were observed. Correlation between the fresh and dry weight need to be emphasized. Also interactions between years and method of sowing, and between location and method of sowing turned out to be significant.
Effect of crop rotation and fertilization on quality of processing tomatoes
Authors: Elkner Krystyna , Rumpel Jan
Published: December 2013

Effect of crop rotation and fertilization on quality of tomato cv. New Yorker was studied in field conditions in a long term, static experiment, conducted in Skierniewice since 1922. Tomatoes in crop rotation were cultivated on same field every third year. whereas these in monoculture were continuously cultivated on same field for 9 consecutive years (1980-1988). The fertilization treatments included: l) farmyard manure in rate of 40 t per hectare, annually, 2) mineral fertilization of 150 kg N. 100 kg P2O5 and 200 kg K2O per hectare, 3) farmyard manure plus mineral fertilization as in treatments 1 and 2 and, 4) mineral fertilization as in treatment 2 plus microelements in form of a multimineral, commercial fertilizer (Polichelat LS 7). Crop rotation had no significant influence on the content of soluble solids, colour and weight of fruits. However, tomato fruits from plants cultivated in rotation, as compared to those from monoculture, contained more organic acids and pectins, less nitrates, had lower pH and greater firmness. The effect of fertilization was similar in rotated and non-rotated cultivation. At combined manure and mineral NPK fertilization, tomato fruits showed higher content of soluble solids, organic acids and pectins than these from the other fertilization treatments. Fruits of plants fertilized with farmyard manure only had higher content of vitamin C and lower one of nitrates, soluble solids and organic acids and also lower firmness as compared these from other fertilization in trial.
The fungi causin damping-off of carrot seedlings
Authors: Nowicki Bogdan
Published: December 2013

When 136 samples of dying carrot seedlings from several fields were analyzed Alternaria rudicina proved to be the most common seedling pathogen (41%), followed by some Fusarium species (27%, mostly F. avenaceum).The less common seedling pathogens were Pythium spp. (13%), Phoma spp.(2,5%) and Botrytis cinerea (1,4%). Some other fungi (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium botryosym and Ulocladium consortiale) were found in less than 1% of seedlings examined.
Plant regeneration of Alstroemeria in vitro
Authors: Gabryszewska Eleonora
Published: December 2013

The regenerative ability of explants from various organs of Alstroemeria plants was investigated. Rhizome apical and axillary tips cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium with BA - 2. mgl-1 and NAA - 0,5 mgl-1 were the best among the tissue tested as initial explants. Five weeks after isolation the rhizome with 1-4 upright growing shoots were obtained. The types of rhizome explants influenced development and growth of lateral rhizomes and upright growing shoots. There were no significant differences in number of roots formed on various kind of rhizome explants. Rooting was strongly influenced by NAA. Subapical segments of vegetative stem, segments of flower pedicels and parts of ovary did not regenerate rhizome or roots but occasionally callus was formed on the medium with kinetin - 2 mgl-1 and NAA - 2 mgl-1. Segments excised from vegetative stem sporadically developed roots on the medium with NAA or IBA in concentrations 3 and 9 mgl-1.
The influence of light quality on the shoot proliferation and rooting of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro
Authors: Gabryszewska Eleonora , Rudnicki Ryszard
Published: December 2013

The effect of white, blue, green, red and UV + white light on the growth and development of shoots and roots of Gerbera jamesonii cv. Queen Rebecca in relation to the presence of kinetin or IAA were investigated. The highest number of axillary shoots was obtained in red and green light on the medium with 5 mg l-1 kinetin. Also, green and red light markedly increased the number of leaves developed on the plantlets on the medium supplemented with kinetin. Light quality and IAA added to culture medium variously affected the development of root system: roots were regenerated under all light treatments, higher root number was recorded under red light when 5 mg l-1 IAA was added to the media, the shortest roots were found in red light on the medium supplemented with IAA. The greatest fresh weight of shoots was found under white light on the medium with kinetin. Red light markedly decreased shoot fresh weight on hormone-free medium. Blue and white light caused increase in fresh weight of roots.
The effect of methyl jasmonate on ethylene production and CO2 evolution in Jonagold apples
Authors: Miszczak Artur , Lange Edward , Saniewski Marian , Czapski Janusz
Published: December 2013

Apples cv. Jonagold were harvested at the beginning of October and stored at 0°C until treatment between the beginning of December and the end of January. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at the concentration of l,0, 0,5, 0,1, 0,05, and 0,01% in lanolin paste were applied to the surface ofintact apples. During five days from treatment, samples of cortex with skin (area about 2,0 cm2) were cut off at a depth of about 2 mm and used for determination of ethylene production, ACC oxidase activity and respiration determined as CO2 evolution. The production of endogenous ethylene was highest at mid-January ( 100, 280, and 250 nl/g*h at December, mid-January, and the end of January, respectively). During December and at the beginning of January, JA-Me initially ( 1 -2 days after treatment) stimulated ethylene production and then the production was inhibited. The lower concentration of JA-Me caused initially the greater stimulation and then Iower inhibition of ethylene production. However, at the time of maximum production of endogenous ethylene (mid-January) and later. stimulatory effect of JA-Me disappeared. The effect of various concentrations and time of application of JA-Me on ACC oxidase activity had similar trend as endogenous ethylene production. Methyl jasmonate stimulated respiration and this effect was dependent on JA-Me concentration and independent on time of application. The metabolic significance of these findings is discussed.
Ecological description of field habitats situated in Krak6w province acconfing to the autoecological method of Ellenberg. Part II. Description of soil-agricultural complexes
Authors: Łabza Teofil , Hochół Teresa , Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewwicz Ewa , Puła Joanna
Published: December 2013

The total of 1368 phytosociological surveys of grain and root crops was used to determine habitat conditions in soils belonging to different agricultural complexes according to the method of Ellenberg. The conditions prevailing in the soil-agricultural complexes result from effects of many factors, as indicate.d by different values for T, W, R, N, and G, for the individual complexes, In addition, internal variability of the above habitat conditions in the individual complexes, is affected by physiographic situation of the studied units.
Effect of temperature and type of packages on nitrates and nitrites content in lettuce
Authors: Bąkowski Józef , Michalik Helena , Horbowicz Marcin
Published: December 2013

Lettuce wrapped in unperforated PE film, perforated PE film, stretch film and without wrapping was stored at 1, 6, 20 and 28°C. Freshly harvested lettuce and after one day of storage, independently on storage conditions, did not contains nitrites„ During storage of lettuce at 1°C only one time small quantities of nitrites (4.3 mg NO2/kg fresh matter) were found - after twelve days storage in perforated PE film. Storage of lettuce longer than 7 days at 6°C caused formation of nitrites. Lettuce stored at 20 and 28°C in unperforated PE film contained nitrites already after 2 or 3 days of storage. Decline of nitrates during storage of lettuce was independent from film used to wrapping.
Pathogenic seed-borne fungi of triticale
Authors: Nowicki Bogdan , Zamorski Czesław , Schollenberger Małgorzata
Published: December 2013

The occurrence of pathogenic fungi on 86 triticale seed samples was studied during the years 1992-1994. From each samples 400 seeds were tested using the blotter method with prefreezing and keeping under lights. In the greenhouse experiment pathogenicity of isolated fungi was evaluated. It was found that 20% of tested kernels were transmitting pathogenic fungi. Species of the genus Fusarium (including Microdochium nivale) were isolated from 9,7 % of tested kernels, Drechslera tritici-repentis from 4,6 %, Stagonospora nodorum from 4,2 %, Bipolaris sorokiniana from 1,2%, Botryris cinerea from 0,9% and Drechslera dematioidea was noted sporadically.
The method of isolation of epidermis of tomato and cucurnber leaves for microscopic investigation of pathogenic fungus development
Authors: Dyki Barbara , Hadrys Hanna
Published: December 2013

There has been described a new, easy method of isolation and staining of epidermis from leaves and cotyledon of healthy cucumber and infected one with the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk and Curt and from tomato leaves infected with the fungus Oidiurn licopersicum Cook and Massee. The epidermis was taken of with the use of transparent Scotch from the leaves and stained with toluidyne blue. This method is helpful in distinguising the differences in a structure of epidermis of healthy and infected leaves and in estimating the following: stage of development of the fungus on epidermis, number and size of haustorium in epidermis cells, number of spores of a fungus on the certain surface of the host leaf. This method is valuable because it enables to protect the material for a long time, which is very important during testing a big number of plants. Key words: leaf epidermis, method of isoIation, cucumber, tomato, pathogenic fungus.