bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin patient‐specific clavicle fracture fixation plates can mechanically outperform commercial plates: An in silico approach
Authors: Vancleef Sanne , Wesseling Mariska , Duflou Joost R. , Nijs Stefaan , Jonkers Ilse , Vander Sloten Jos
Published: October 2021

Current fixation plates used to operatively stabilize clavicular fractures are suboptimal, leading to reoperation rates up to 53%. Plate irritation, which can be caused by a poor geometric fit and plate thickness, has been found to be an important factor for reoperation. Moreover, muscle attachment sites (MAS) have to be detached occasionally. To improve current surgical clavicle fracture treatment with plate osteosynthesis, a change in plate design is required. The goal of this study was to design a patient‐specific clavicle fracture fixation plate that includes geometrical optimization and stiffness determination. Its biomechanical performance has been compared with a commercial plate by examining the geometric fit, anatomical outline, stresses and interfragmentary motion using a finite element analysis with physiological loading and boundary conditions. Evaluation showed a better geometrical fit of the patient‐specific plate as well as an improved fracture reduction. Displacements between fracture fragments were lower in case of the patient‐specific plate, both when a fracture gap and no fracture gap were present. Results indicate a superior mechanical performance in terms of all investigated outcomes of the patient‐specific plate compared to the commercial plate, while better aligning with the patient‐specific geometry and without the need for MAS release. Due to the patient‐specific geometry and reduced thickness, these fixation plates are expected to decrease the operation time, as intraoperative contouring will become irrelevant, and to decrease reoperation rates as implant irritation will be minimized.
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy alters early healing in a rat model of rotator cuff injury and repair: Potential mechanisms
Authors: Huegel Julianne , Chan Peter Y. W. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Nuss Courtney A. , Raja Harina , Waldorff Erik I. , Zhang Nianli , Ryaby James T. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Kuntz Andrew F.
Published: October 2021

Rotator cuff repair failure remains common due to poor tendon healing, particularly at the enthesis. We previously showed that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy improved the mechanical properties of the rat supraspinatus tendon postoperatively. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind PEMF‐dependent contributions to improved healing in this injury model. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of PEMF treatment on tendon gene expression and cell composition, as well as bone microarchitecture and dynamic bone metabolism during early stages of healing. We hypothesized that PEMF treatment would amplify tendon‐healing related signaling pathways while mitigating inflammation and improve bone metabolism at the repair site. Rats underwent rotator cuff injury and repair followed by assignment to either control (non‐PEMF) or PEMF treatment groups. Gene and protein expression as well as tendon and bone histological assessments were performed 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Gene expression data demonstrated an upregulation in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling pathway and increases in pro‐osteogenic genes at the insertion, supporting important processes to re‐establish the tendon‐bone interface. PEMF also downregulated genes related to a fibrotic healing response. Anti‐inflammatory effects were demonstrated by both gene expression and macrophage phenotype. PEMF significantly increased the rate of kinetic bone formation directly adjacent to the tendon enthesis as well as the number of cuboidal surface osteoblasts (active osteoblasts) in the humeral head. This study has provided insight into how PEMF affects cellular and molecular processes in the supraspinatus tendon and adjacent bone after injury and repair.
Relation between diameter of a lateral screw and pull‐out strength in distal clavicle fracture in plates with different geometry: A cadaveric biomechanical study
Authors: Yoon Tae‐Hwan , Choi Chong‑Hyuk , Choi Yun‐Rak , Ju Hun‐Jin , Chun Yong‐Min
Published: October 2021

Plate fixation has recently gained popularity among the various surgical methods used to treat Neer type II distal clavicle fractures. The use of a low‐profile distal clavicle locking plate is logically considered a better option when there is no significant difference in the fixation strength between insertions of 3.5‐ and 2.7‐mm diameter screws. Therefore, the purpose of this biomechanical study was to investigate any differences in fixation strength among varying sizes of screws that are used to treat distal clavicle fractures. The study was performed with 20 paired shoulder girdles from 10 fresh frozen cadavers. To create a type IIA fracture of Neer classification, osteotomy was performed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the clavicle at the medial end point of the conoid ligament. Two custom‐made fixtures designed to be attached to both upper and lower sides of the Instron were fabricated for the evaluation. The mean maximum pull‐out strength for fixation using 3.5‐mm diameter screws was 241.9 ± 67.8 N, whereas the mean pull‐out strength in fixation with 2.7‐mm diameter screws was 228.1 ± 63.0 N. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Distal fragment fixation with distal clavicle locking plates using two 2.7‐mm diameter screws showed comparable biomechanical pull‐out strength at the time‐zero setting to fixations with a hook plate using two 3.5‐mm diameter screws. Therefore, the fixation of the distal fragment with a low‐profile plate and 2.7‐mm screws may be preferred as an alternative option if the distal fragment of the fractured clavicle is not extremely small.
No effects of early functional mobilization on gait patterns after acute Achilles tendon rupture repair
Authors: Aufwerber Susanna , Naili Josefine E. , Grävare Silbernagel Karin , Ackermann Paul W.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to compare recovery of gait patterns in patients treated with early functional mobilization (EFM) or standard treatment (ST) after Achilles tendon rupture repair. Second, this study aimed to explore associations between gait patterns and tendon elongation and calf muscle atrophy, respectively. Forty‐seven patients (12 females), mean age 38.7 (7.3) years, were included. Patients were postoperatively randomized to EFM (n = 29), including immediate weightbearing and ankle motion for 6 weeks, or ST (n = 18), with 2 weeks of unloading in a plaster cast followed by 4 weeks of weightbearing in an orthosis. Three‐dimensional gait analyses were performed at 8 weeks and 6 months postoperatively to evaluate ankle and knee kinematics and kinetics. Ultrasound imaging was performed to assess tendon length and calf muscle atrophy. At 8 weeks, there were no significant group differences in ankle and knee kinematics and kinetics, while side‐to‐side differences between injured and uninjured side were present within both groups. At 6 months, the ST group exhibited higher generating ankle power and greater peak moments in ankle and knee compared to the EFM group. In both groups, peak ankle dorsiflexion angle was greater on the injured side compared to the uninjured side. No correlations were found between ankle joint gait deviations and degree of tendon elongation or muscle atrophy. Clinical significance: The accelerated rehabilitation regimen with EFM did not result in a more symmetrical gait pattern. The gait pattern deviations in the ankle joint were not related to the degree of muscle atrophy or tendon elongation.
Importance of public‐private partnerships for nutrition support research: An ASPEN Position Paper
Authors: Mueller Charles , Jonnalagadda Satya , Torres Krysmaru Araujo , Blackmer Allison , Cetnarowski Wes , Chen Yimin , Citty Sandra Wolfe , Dye Elizabeth , Hubbard Van S. , Kumbhat Seema , Ottery Faith , Russell Mary E. , Sacks Gordon S , Turner Justine
Published: October 2021

Parenteral and enteral nutrition support are key components of care for various medical and physiological conditions in infants, children, and adults. Nutrition support practices have advanced over time, driven by the goals of safe and sufficient delivery of needed nutrients and improved patient outcomes. These advances have been, and continue to be, dependent on research and development studies. Such studies address aspects of enteral and parenteral nutrition support: formulations, delivery devices, health outcomes, cost‐effectiveness, and related metabolism. The studies are supported by public funding from the government and by private funding from foundations and from the nutrition support industry.

To build public trust in nutrition support research findings, it is important to underscore ethical research conduct and reporting of results for all studies, including those with industry sponsors. In 2019, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition's (ASPEN's) Board of Directors established a task force to ensure integrity in nutrition support research that is done as collaborative partnerships between the public (government and individuals) and private groups (foundations, academia, and industry). In this ASPEN Position Paper, the Task Force presents principles of ethical research to guide administrators, researchers, and funders. The Task Force identifies ways to curtail bias and to minimize actual or perceived conflict of interests, as related to funding sources and research conduct. Notably, this paper includes a Position Statement to describe the Task Force's guidance on Public‐Private Partnerships for research and funding. This paper has been approved by the ASPEN Board of Directors.
Sensorless LED display screen interaction and object recognition
Authors: Zhuo Ruofan , Lin Peiying , Wu Yuting , Wu Zhouyi , Ye Dexin , Huangfu Jiangtao
Published: October 2021

Taking advantage of the photoelectric characteristics of LED other than the light‐emitting function, this paper proposes a light sensing detection method and system without adding additional sensors to the LED screen. A two‐pole detection structure with a function of detecting positive and negative voltage is introduced to the LED drive circuit, which ensures the high‐speed characteristics during detection. What's more, the LED is controlled to work in photoconductive mode to obtain high voltage sensitivity when the intensity of incident light changes. The proposed module can reach an optical signal response rate of 19.1 μs with a detection rate of 23.5 Hz without affecting the original display function. The optical signal detection can reach a voltage sensitivity of 3.02 mV per lx. To verify the photoelectric detection capability of the method presented in this paper, a brand‐new screen object recognition system is built and tested. An 8 × 8 LED display module is used in experiment, and the scale of LED screen can be expanded easily and flexibly. In an ideal environment, a recognition accuracy of 99.25% can be achieved, while the recognition accuracy can still reach over 96.5% in a complex light environment. Therefore, this work has further application possibilities for light interaction and fast object recognition in large screens.
Associations of imbalance of intestinal flora with severity of disease, inflammatory factors, adiponectin, and vascular endothelial function of hypertension patients
Authors: Lin Yang , Wu Shi‐Hui , Wang Xu‐Hong , Zhang Wei , Li Bai‐Gang , Liu Wen‐Shu
Published: October 2021

To explore the relationship between the severity of hypertension and the imbalanced intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, adiponectin (ADPN) and vascular endothelial function in primary hypertension patients. According to the grading criteria for hypertension, in total of 60 patients with primary hypertension in our hospital from April to July, 2020 were divided into Grade 1 group (n = 20), Grade 2 group (n = 20), and Grade 3 group (n = 20). The feces of the research subjects were collected to extract the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and detect its composition of intestinal flora. Subsequently, the peripheral blood was collected to determine the changes in inflammatory factors interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐4, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐1β, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM, ADPN and vascular endothelial function‐related endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). There were no significant differences in the gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), the proportion of smokers, diet habit, probiotics and antihypertensive medication use, and number of diabetic cases among groups (p > 0.05). We found an inverse association between blood pressure measures and microbial diversity, in particular microbial richness (p < 0.05). Among the four major kinds of intestinal flora, the composition of firmicutes (p < 0.05) and bacteroidetes (p < 0.05) showed obvious differences among the three groups, and they had consistent trends with the changes in the abundance of firmicutes and bacteroidetes. Intestinal flora imbalance is closely related to the severity of hypertension, inflammatory factors, ADPN, and vascular endothelial function.
Demographic Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Taufique Zahrah M. , Escher Paul J. , Gathman Tyler J. , Nickel Amanda J. , Lee Daniel B. , Roby Brianne B. , Chinnadurai Sivakumar
Published: October 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are at increased risk of malnutrition. Acute and chronic malnutrition have been associated with elevated risk of postsurgical wound complications, adding morbidity and cost to patients and their families. To study the association between demographic factors, including insurance type, race, and median neighborhood income (MNI), and malnutrition in patients with CLP.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Retrospective review was performed in patients undergoing their first cleft‐related surgery at a large tertiary pediatric hospital from 2006 to 2018. Demographic data, weight and height at surgery, type of insurance, race, and primary residential address were collected. Geocoded information on MNI was generated using patient address. World Health Organization Z‐scores for weight‐for‐age (WFA) and height‐for‐age (HFA) were used as proxies for acute and chronic malnutrition, respectively. Linear regression models were generated to analyze the relationship of insurance type, race, and MNI on WFA and HFA Z‐scores.

Results

About 313 patients met inclusion criteria. Increasing MNI predicted increasing WFA Z‐score (0.05 increase in WFA per $1,000 increase,P = .047) as well as HFA Z‐score (0.09 increase in HFA per $1,000 increase,P = .011). The effect of MNI was not independently modified by race for either WFA (P = .841) nor HFA (P = .404). Race and insurance type did not predict WFA or HFA.

Conclusions

Lower MNI is a significant independent risk factor for acute and chronic malnutrition in children with CLP. Combined with previous investigation linking malnutrition to surgical outcomes in this population, this offers a target area for intervention to improve patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence

3Laryngoscope, 132:1482–1486, 2022
Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing: Should They Stay, or Could They Go?
Authors: Friedman Norman R. , Meier Maxene , Tholen Kaitlyn , Crowder Renee , Hoefner‐Notz Regina , Nguyen Thanh , Derieg Sarah , Campbell Kristen , McLeod Lisa
Published: October 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Children who do not require oxygen beyond 3 hours after surgery and pass a sleep room air challenge (SRAC) are safe for discharge regardless of polysomnogram (PSG) results or comorbidities.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional prospective study.

Methods

All children observed overnight undergoing an adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing were prospectively recruited. Demographic, clinical, and PSG characteristics were stratified by whether the patient had required oxygen beyond 3 hours postoperatively (prolonged oxygen requirement [POR]) and compared using t test, chi‐squared test, or Fisher's exact test depending on distribution. Optimal cut points for predicting POR postsurgery were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The primary analysis was performed on the full cohort via logistic regression using POR as the outcome. Significant characteristics were analyzed in a logistic regression model, with significance set at P < .05.

Results

A total of 484 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 5.65 (standard deviation = 4.02) years. Overall, 365 (75%) did not have a POR or any other adverse respiratory event. In multivariable logistic regression, risk factors for POR were an asthma diagnosis (P < .001) and an awake SpO2 <96% (P = .005). The probability of a POR for those without asthma and a SpO2 ≥ 96% was 18% (95% confidence interval: 14–22). Age, obesity, and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index were not associated with POR.

Conclusions

In conclusion, all children in our study who are off oxygen within 3 hours of surgery and passed a SRAC were safe for discharge from a respiratory standpoint regardless of age, obesity status, asthma diagnosis, and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index. Additional investigations are necessary to confirm our findings.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1675–1681, 2022
Evaluation of quality parameters and antioxidant properties of protein concentrates and hydrolysates of hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)
Authors: Roy Mukta , Ullah Shakhawat , Alam Mahabub , Islam Md. Aminul
Published: October 2021

The hyacinth bean protein hydrolysates (HPHs) were derived from hyacinth bean protein concentrate (HPC) by enzymatic hydrolysis following isoelectric method using pepsin enzyme. The HPH displayed strong antioxidant activities than hyacinth flour and HPC, where released amino acids were the major contributors to enhanced antioxidant activities. The IC50 values for HPH and ascorbic acid (AA) were 0.052 and 0.020 mg/ml correspondingly. The total phenolic content (TPC) of HPH and HPC were 35.1 and 22.03 mg GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant potential of both HPC and HPH was assessed by adding those components to apple juice at a rate of 3 g/L and kept at ambient temperature for 6 days. Both HPC and HPH delayed the development of oxidizing products during 6‐day storage where HPH exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity to that of HPC. The HPH reduced the oxidizing substances by 79.58%, 65.1%, and 62.03% at Days 0, 1, and 6, respectively, compared with control. These findings demonstrate that the hyacinth hydrolysates offer a good potential for use in the food industry as natural antioxidants.
The evaluation of serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament light chain levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Arslan Burak , Şemsi Rabia , İriz Ayşe , Sepici Dinçel Aylin
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to compare serum levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurofilament light (NfL) chain in normal individuals and patients with mild and moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods

We enrolled 81 subjects referred to Otorhinolaryngology (Ear‐Nose‐Throat), Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, between 2017 and 2019. Based on the severity of OSAS, patients were divided into three groups: group 1 with mild OSAS (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] 5‐15; n = 26), group 2 with moderate‐severe OSAS (AHI > 15; n = 32), and group 3 with normal individuals (AHI scores < 5; n = 23).

Results

Serum NfL and BDNF levels were evaluated together with the clinical data for all subjects. Significant differences were seen in the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), apnea index, hypopnea index, sleep efficiency, and NfL levels (P < .05) between the three groups. In the moderate‐severe group, NfL levels showed a significant positive correlation with apnea index (P < .05,r = .389), hypopnea index (P < .05,r = .455), and ODI (P = .04;r = .362).

Conclusions

Our findings clarify the pathophysiology of OSAS in cases of repetitive hypoxia and chronic neuronal damage. Based on our results, we recommend that in addition to BDNF, NfL should also be evaluated in different and larger patient cohorts.
Chronically elevated sea surface temperatures revealed high susceptibility of the eelgrass Zostera marina to winter and spring warming
Authors: Sawall Yvonne , Ito Maysa , Pansch Christian
Published: October 2021

While it is well known that severe marine summer heatwaves can cause acute and dramatic die‐offs of seagrass meadows, the effect of trans‐seasonal warming and winter/spring heatwaves are yet poorly understood. This study simulated a 9‐months warming scenario on the common seagrass Zostera marina from winter into summer, using outdoor mesocosms, which provided near‐natural conditions. The relevance of the natural temperature pattern, as well as the 3.6°C warming, and their implications were further discussed in the context of a 22‐yr temperature time series of the study region. Survival of plants was high in winter independent of temperature. In spring, however, heat‐treated Z. marina flowered 1.5 months earlier and experienced high mortalities. Thereafter, plant survival, growth, and pigmentation were largely comparable between temperature regimes. Yet, a comparatively high mortality occurred in ambient plants, after an abnormally warm June. Final biomass was reduced by ~ 50% in heat‐treated plants. These results imply that warm winter‐to‐spring conditions can have severe effects on vital seagrass traits. Warming accelerates consumption of energy reserves triggering advanced flowering, similar to many terrestrial plants. Although, surviving heat‐treated plants were not able to re‐stock energy reserves throughout the high‐light summer as inferred from low plant biomass, these seemed rather resistant to summer heatwave events.
Circulating Tumor Cell–Based Messenger RNA Scoring System for Prognostication of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Translating Tissue‐Based Messenger RNA Profiling Into a Noninvasive Setting
Authors: Lee Yi‐Te , Sun Na , Kim Minhyung , Wang Jasmine J. , Tran Benjamin V. , Zhang Ryan Y. , Qi Dongping , Zhang Ceng , Chen Pin‐Jung , Sadeghi Saeed , Finn Richard S. , Saab Sammy , Han Steven‐Huy B. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Pei Renjun , Zhu Yazhen , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , You Sungyong , Yang Ju Dong , Agopian Vatche G.
Published: October 2021

Numerous studies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have proposed tissue‐based gene signatures for individualized prognostic assessments. Here, we develop a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC)–based transcriptomic profiling assay to translate tissue‐based messenger RNA (mRNA) signatures into a liquid biopsy setting for noninvasive HCC prognostication. The HCC‐CTC mRNA scoring system combines the NanoVelcro CTC Assay for enriching HCC CTCs and the NanoString nCounter platform for quantifying the HCC‐CTC Risk Score (RS) panel in enriched HCC CTCs. The prognostic role of the HCC‐CTC RS was assessed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC cohort (n = 362) and validated in an independent clinical CTC cohort (n = 40). The HCC‐CTC RS panel was developed through our integrated data analysis framework of 8 HCC tissue‐based gene signatures and identified the top 10 prognostic genes (discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1
[
DDR1], enoyl‐CoA hydratase and 3‐hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
[EHHADH], androgen receptor
[AR], lumican
[LUM], hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 6
[HSD17B6], prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 [PMEPA1], tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan
[TSKU], N‐terminal EF‐hand calcium binding protein 2
[NECAB2], ladinin 1
[LAD1], solute carrier family 27 member 5 [SLC27A5]) highly expressed in HCC with low expressions in white blood cells. The panel accurately discriminated overall survival in TCGA HCC cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐2.9). The combined use of the scoring system and HCC‐CTC RS panel successfully distinguished artificial blood samples spiked with an aggressive HCC cell type, SNU‐387, from those spiked with PLC/PRF/5 cells (P = 0.02). In the CTC validation cohort (n = 40), HCC‐CTC RS remained an independent predictor of survival (HR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.5‐21.3; P = 0.009) after controlling for Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and CTC enumeration count. Our study demonstrates a novel interdisciplinary approach to translate tissue‐based gene signatures into a liquid biopsy setting. This noninvasive approach will allow real‐time disease profiling and dynamic prognostication of HCC.
Study of CNT Intercalated Bi2O3/PVDF Composite for Super Capacitors Applications
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Yadav Anju , Meena Khushbu , Devat Kiran , Mishra Jitendra K. , Sahu Rajesh , Jain Sushil K. , Dixit Ambesh , Srivastava Nisha , Patodia Tarun , Jakhar Narendra , Tripathi Balram
Published: October 2021

Carbon nanotube (CNT) intercalated‐bismuth oxide (CNT‐Bi2O3)/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) composites are synthesized via sonication and roasting process. The phase structure, bonding, and morphology of CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite are characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capacitance and dielectric constant of the composite electrodes are studied by impedance analyzer. The capacitance and stability of CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite are found to be increased on increasing concentration of Bi2O3 in PVDF composite. These results show that CNT‐Bi2O3/PVDF composite is a very promising electrode material for high‐performance super capacitors.
Effect of BaTiO3Nanofillers on the Energy Storage Performance of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Yadav Anju , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Mishra Jitendra Kumar , Sahu Rajesh , Jain S.K. , Dixit Shalini , Agarwal Garima , Jakhar Narendra , Tripathi Balram
Published: October 2021

Polymer nanocomposite is a promising substitute for the charge‐storage dielectric material in capacitors. Barium titanate/polycarbonate (BT/PC) nanocomposite is one of the system due to its comprehensive excellent dielectric properties. As the dielectric response of nanocomposite depends strongly on the size of the fillers, concentration of fillers in the composite system. In this study, BT/PC nanocomposites (BT = 1‐5%) with thickness of 100 µm were fabricated to reveal the effect of the fillers on the energy storage performance of the polymer nanocomposites. Owing to the variable concentration and good dispersibility of the nanofillers, the nanocomposites with small concentration of BT particles show more uniform and denser microstructures. Moreover, with the increase of filler concentration, dielectric results indicate a breakdown strength enhancement in the nanocomposites with BT fillers, which is quite different from the nanocomposites with normal fillers, and therefore leads to the superior energy storage performance. This study demonstrates a strategy of obtaining large dielectric constants and energy densities in ceramic/polymer composites for energy storage device applications.
The challenges of COVID‐19 Delta variant: Prevention and vaccine development
Authors: He Xuemei , He Cai , Hong Weiqi , Zhang Kang , Wei Xiawei
Published: October 2021

Several SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have emerged since the pandemic, bringing about a renewed threat to the public. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was first detected in October 2020 in India and was characterized as variants of concern (VOC) by WHO on May 11, 2021. Delta variant rapidly outcompeted other variants to become the dominant circulating lineages due to its clear competitive advantage. There is emerging evidence of enhanced transmissibility and reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Delta variant. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the features and phenotypic effects of this variant. Herein, we comprehensively described the evaluation and features of Delta variant, summarized the effects of mutations in spike on the infectivity, transmission ability, immune evasion, and provided a perspective on efficient approaches for preventing and overcoming COVID‐19.
A Dataset of Computational Reaction Barriers for the Claisen Rearrangement: Chemical and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Okada Hiroaki , Maeda Satoshi
Published: October 2021

Theoretical reaction screening based on Gibbs energy barriers would be promising to accelerate chemical reactions mining. The number of quantum chemical calculations can be reduced by using an optimization algorithm such as genetic algorithm (GA) and Bayesian optimization (BO). The focus of this study is to generate a dataset of reaction barriers of size ∼100000. Such a dataset would be useful to quickly evaluate various implementations of an optimization algorithm such as GA and BO. The dataset includes Gibbs energy barriers of the Claisen rearrangement for ∼100000 molecules computed on the basis of a semiempirical theory PM7. After evaluating its chemical and numerical features, it is found that the dataset well reflects chemical trends of various substitutions and is useful in testing various implementations of an optimization algorithm. The dataset is available in the supplementary material of this paper.
Hybridized consequence of thermal and concentration convection on peristaltic transport of magneto Powell–Eyring nanofluids in inclined asymmetric channel
Authors: Akram Safia , Athar Maria , Saeed Khalid , Razia Alia , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2021

A theoretical investigation is done to talk about the impact of hybrid twofold diffusivity convection and inclined magnetic field on peristaltic flow of a Powell–Eyring nanofluids in a slanted asymmetric channel. Firstly, the mathematical modeling of magneto Powell–Eyring nanofluids along with double‐diffusive convection is discussed. The whole investigation is accomplished in a moving frame of reference. Under lubrication assumptions, the governing equations of the proposed problem are simplified, and numerical solutions of the non‐linear partial differential equations are obtained. In the end, mathematical outcomes is graphical investigated to check the conduct of different flow quantities. The investigation reports that miniature blending interaction of strong nano‐sized particles in a nanofluid induces heat transfer rates, increasing the temperature of the liquid and reducing its mass concentration because of scattering of these particles. It is observed that large values of Brownian motion, Soret number, thermophoresis parameter, and Dufour parameter cause substantial increases in fluid temperature. Moreover, the nanoparticle fraction increases by increasing the values of Soret, Dufour, and thermophoresis parameter.
Design of a wideband bowtie‐shaped reflectarray antenna loaded with parasitic split rings
Authors: Li Sen , Cai Yang , Cao Yufan , Zhang Baoling , Wu Tao
Published: October 2021

A novel bowtie‐shaped structure loaded with three concentric split rings is proposed for designing wideband reflectarray antenna with low optimizing complexity. The broadband characteristic of the proposed reflectarray element is realized by exciting multi‐resonances through the surrounded concentric split rings. Furthermore, a linear phase curve covering about 700° can be achieved by simply adjusting the flare angle of the concentric split rings. Based on the element, a prototype of the proposed reflectarray antenna with a diameter of 180 mm is simulated and measured. According to the measured results, the peak gain is 22.8 dBi at 10 GHz corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 42%. Besides, 3‐dB gain bandwidth of 28% (8.5–11.3 GHz) is obtained, and the cross‐polarization levels are below −25 dB for both principal planes.
An adaptive finite‐unit method for simulating frequency‐dependent responses of shallow foundations in layered soil under vertical dynamic loads
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yang , Chen Shi‐Shuenn , Kao Chi‐Jou , Chen Kuan‐Yu
Published: October 2021

A number of simple models containing frequency‐independent elements have been presented to simulate unbounded soil in dynamic soil‐structure interaction problems. Most of the existing models were established through a traditional top‐down strategy with significant computational complexities. This study develops an alternative method based on a bottom‐up strategy, in which the optimal element layout is determined by an adaptive refinement procedure considering finite modularized units. This innovation eliminates the need for lengthy procedures to establish simple models. The proposed three‐parameter model is used to simulate the layered soil for rigid foundations undergoing vertical vibration. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the magnified responses obtained when a foundation is subjected to harmonic forces with those obtained via theoretical solutions and advanced numerical simulations. The proposed model is found to effectively simulate a layered half‐space and a soil layer on rock. Compared to two existing models, the proposed model performs better and has fewer parameters and a higher degree of adaptivity. Therefore, the adaptivity of simple models obtained using the proposed method may allow simulation of a variety of layered soil systems.
Barriers to cancer pain management from the perspective of patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Orujlu Samira , Hassankhani Hadi , Rahmani Azad , Sanaat Zohreh , Dadashzadeh Abbas , Allahbakhshian Atefeh
Published: October 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to effective pain management in Iranian people with cancer.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study was performed on 14 people with cancer. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed by Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis method.

Results

Four main categories emerged in relation to barriers to pain management from the perspective of people with cancer. Categories included 1) accepting and enduring divine pain, 2) negative attitudes towards the effectiveness of analgesics, 3) patients’ low knowledge of pain self‐management methods and 4) neglected pain management. Barriers to pain management are multidimensional in nature consisting of patients, healthcare providers and system components. Therefore, attempts should be focused on the education of patients and healthcare providers about pain management and eliminating the shortcomings of the healthcare system.
Highly Selective and Sensitive Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Fluorescein‐Coated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Shetty Suchetha , Baig Noorullah , Safa Muhieddine , Gharbi Ridha , Sriram Santhanagopalan , Rasoul Firas , Alameddine Bassam
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of novel metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with specially designed fluorescein substituents which are capped with electron‐withdrawing groups. The fluorescein‐coated nanoparticles were synthesized in excellent yields, and their structures were confirmed using various advanced spectroscopic, instrumental, and surface analysis techniques, revealing the formation of the target functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs) which show superior chemical and thermal stabilities. In addition, the photophysical properties of the FNPs were examined using UV‐visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. These latter techniques disclosed aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties for most of the target FNPs, namely those which are soluble in common organic solvents at selective concentration ranges of water fractions in the solvent mixture.
MoS2‐Based Catalysts for N2 Electroreduction to NH3 – An Overview of MoS2 Optimization Strategies
Authors: Tian Liang , Zhao Jinxiu , Ren Xiang , Sun Xu , Wei Qin , Wu Dan
Published: October 2021

The nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has become an ideal alternative to the Haber‐Bosch process, as NRR possesses, among others, the advantage of operating under ambient conditions and saving energy consumption. The key to efficient NRR is to find a suitable electrocatalyst, which helps to break the strong N≡N bond and improves the reaction selectivity. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as an emerging layered two‐dimensional material has attracted a mass of attention in various fields. In this minireview, we summarize the optimization strategies of MoS2‐based catalysts which have been developed to improve the weak NRR activity of primitive MoS2. Some theoretical predictions have also been summarized, which can provide direction for optimizing NRR activity of future MoS2‐based materials. Finally, an outlook about the optimization of MoS2‐based catalysts used in electrochemical N2 fixation are given.
Extrusion 3D printing of conjugated polymers
Authors: Chortos Alex
Published: October 2021

Conjugated polymers combine electronic charge transport properties with the ability to transport ions, enabling transduction between ionic and electronic currents. Many applications of conjugated polymers, such as biointerfaces, actuators, and energy storage, benefit from 3D structures. Among different methods for 3D fabrication, extrusion‐based 3D printing is a versatile approach that is compatible with multimaterial fabrication processes. This review summarizes progress in the emerging field of 3D printed conjugated polymers using three extrusion printing processes: direct ink write, meniscus‐guided printing, and electrohydrodynamic printing. Ink designs for direct in write are described in depth, including strategies for modifying the rheology and conductivity of the inks.
Anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer survivors: Are there differences by sexual orientation?
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike , Ozonoff Al , Winter Michael , Berklein Flora , Potter Jennifer , Ceballos Rachel M. , Clark Melissa A.
Published: October 2021

Objective

To examine sexual minority compared to heterosexual survivors' health‐related anxiety, anxiety, and depression.

Methods

Four hundred and eighty eligible survivors participated in a telephone survey, which measured their anxiety and depression. These survivors were diagnosed with stage I, II, or III colorectal cancer an average of three years prior to the survey and were recruited from four cancer registries. As explanatory factors, we considered individual, social and contextual characteristics, prior psychological factors, psychological responses to cancer, and characteristics of cancer and its treatments. Using forward selection with generalized linear models or logistic regression models, we identified significant correlates for each outcome.

Results

Prior to adjusting for covariates, depression was similar for all survivors, while sexual minority survivors had worse health‐related anxiety and anxiety compared to heterosexual survivors. After adjustment, these differences were no longer statistically significant. Individual, social and contextual characteristics, characteristics of cancer, and psychological responses to cancer explained 44% of the variance in anxiety and 60% of the variance in depression.

Conclusion

There are modifiable factors associated with health‐related and generalized anxiety as well as depression that can be changed to improve cancer survivorship among diverse survivors.
Investigation of the chemical characteristics and anticancer effect of plasma‐activated water: The effect of liquid temperature
Authors: Pang Bolun , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Huaiyan , Wang Sitao , Gao Yuting , Xu Dehui , Liu Dingxin , Kong Michael G.
Published: October 2021

The liquid temperature during the preparation of plasma‐activated water (PAW) seriously affects the PAW chemical characteristics and its biological effect. In this study, four different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 70°C) of deionized water are selected as variable parameters to investigate the effect on PAW. The results show that the physicochemical properties and the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species of PAW are significantly reduced when the temperatures are higher than 25°C; moreover, the above indexes are slightly decreased when the temperature is down to 4°C. Furthermore, by comparing the results of cell viability and apoptosis, it is found that the PAW of 25°C has a higher inactivation efficiency than other temperatures. Research on the temperature effect during PAW production is beneficial for tailoring the plasma–liquid system to enhance production efficiency.
An Ultrasensitive Virus ELISA Based on a magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoprobe
Authors: Ni Chang , Shen Yuanzhao , Li Zhenzhen , Yang Chih‐Tsung , Thierry Benjamin , Yang Bing , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2021

Detection of infectious viruses relies on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). However, qPCR requires costly equipment, a clean operating environment and experienced technicians, limiting its wide applicability. On the other hand, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used in biological laboratories due to its relatively high sensitivity and ease of operation. However, ELISA‐based detection of the virus is hampered because it is lower sensitive than qPCR. Herein, a nanoprobe ELISA (NP‐ELISA) based on a mesoporous silica nanoprobe, which is constructed by first being loaded with peroxidase and further coated with positively charged polymer polyethyleneimine, and finally functionalized with antivirus antibodies, is designed. Results show that each NP probe is encapsulating 170 peroxidase molecules and presents 200 antibody molecules on the surface. The limit of detection (LOD) of NP‐ELISA (LOD = 1450 PFU mL−1) for the detection of real virus samples is tenfold sensitive than that of standard ELISA (LOD = 14, 414 PFU mL−1) and the assay time for NP‐ELISA is reduced by 1 h as compared with standard one. Therefore, the NP‐ELISA provides a rapid and sensitive immunoassay platform that can readily be implemented for biological laboratory research as well as for on‐site clinical diagnostics.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Reduced Holey Graphene for Detection of Carbendazim
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Chen Zhenfei , Wang Qinsheng , Wang Qun , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2021

Reduced holey graphene (rHG) has a large number of nanopores and a 3D porous network. As the pore size of the in‐plane hole becomes larger, the defect density and the number of edges of rHG increase, which is conducive to accelerating electron transfer and exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance. The electrochemical sensor based on rHG successfully detects carbendazim in the concentration range of 0.1−100 μM with low detection limit (13.14 nM) and the sensitivity reaching to 22.541 μA μM−1 cm−2. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits outstanding anti‐interference, stability, and satisfactory recoveries in real samples.
MemSor: Emergence of the In‐Memory Sensing Technology for the Digital Transformation
Authors: El-Atab Nazek
Published: October 2021

Since Moore's law is facing several bottlenecks, electron devices are currently developing toward the trend of “More than Moore” which is based on functional diversification in terms of sensing, storage, and processing of information. This multifunctionality is thought of as another form of miniaturization of the electronic devices, where noncomputing devices are merged with digital ones, leading to faster and more energy‐efficient processing of data. Complementary to the in‐memory computing and in‐sensor computing approaches, herein, the concept of in‐memory sensing is examined in which the roles of both analog sensors and digital memory devices are integrated and achieved using a single “MemSor” device. The demonstrated optoelectronic memory devices are first reviewed, which can sense and store optical signals, and next, perspectives on the potential integration of other sensing capabilities such as pressure and gas are provided. The implementation of the in‐memory sensing technology in future energy‐efficient and scaled down electronic systems is also discussed. The challenges in the field are finally analyzed and potential solutions for the implementation of the merged sensing and storage functions using advanced manufacturing technologies are presented.
Impact of Substrate Hydrophobicity on Layer Composition and Work Function of PEDOT:PSS Thin Films
Authors: Wu Di , Wan Shanshan , Zhai Tianshu , Yang Jiacheng , Wang Rongbin , Duhm Steffen
Published: October 2021

Ultraviolet and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) are used to investigate the impact of surface hydrophobicity on the work function of spin‐coated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films. Although O2–plasma or UV–ozone treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) changes the substrate hydrophobicity, the work functions of subsequently spin‐coated PEDOT:PSS layers are not affected and stay constant at around 5 eV. ITO modification by a self‐assembled monolayer of p‐(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphonic acid leads to a pronounced contact angle of 90°, resulting in a PSS‐rich PEDOT:PSS surface (as shown by XPS) and a work function of 5.15 eV (as shown by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy). This can be rationalized by an increased bulk chemical potential of PEDOT:PSS.
Therapeutic effects of an oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor antagonist, relugolix, on preventing premature ovulation in mild ovarian stimulation for IVF
Authors: Nakao Kazuki , Kuroda Keiji , Horikawa Takashi , Moriyama Azusa , Juen Hiroyasu , Itakura Akiko , Watanabe Hideaki , Takamizawa Satoru , Ojiro Yuko , Nakagawa Koji , Sugiyama Rikikazu
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Can relugolix, a novel oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRH) antagonist, function as an alternative ovulation inhibitor to GnRH antagonist injections?

Methods

This single‐center, cross‐sectional retrospective study compared premature ovulation rates and clinical outcomes in IVF treatment after mild ovarian stimulation with 40 mg of relugolix (relugolix group) or 0.25‐mg injections of ganirelix acetate or cetrorelix acetate (injection group) between March 2019 and January 2020. Of 247 infertile women (256 IVF cycles) aged ≤42 years, 223 women (230 cycles) were evaluated. In the relugolix and injection groups, we compared 104 and 85 cycles after GnRH antagonist use before the LH surge (LH levels <10 mIU/ml) and 22 and 19 cycles during the LH surge (LH levels ≥10 mIU/ml), respectively.

Results

Before the LH surge, the ovulation rates in the two groups were very low (p = 0.838), however; during the LH surge, the cycles using relugolix had a high ovulation rate of 40.9% compared with no ovulation in the injection group (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in embryo culture findings and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusions

Although relugolix had a high ovulation suppressive effect, when the LH surge occurred, its effect was insufficient.
Stabilization of the planar vertical take‐off and landing using nonlinear feedback control
Authors: Lozano Rogelio , Salazar Sergio , Flores Jonathan
Published: October 2021

This article presents a new control strategy for the well‐known problem of the planar vertical take‐off and landing. The total thrust is computed using a nonlinear feedback compensation so that the altitude reaches the desired altitude. The horizontal position x is then controlled by choosing the orientation angle as a smooth saturation function of x and . A proof of convergence is presented using a Lyapunov approach. The proposed control strategy is successfully tested in numerical simulations.