bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the effects of sampling bias in biodiversity models
Authors: Oliveira Ubirajara , Soares‐Filho Britaldo , Nunes Felipe
Published: April 2024

Aim

Sampling bias and gaps have a direct influence on the perceived patterns of biodiversity, hence limiting our ability to make well‐informed decisions about biodiversity conservation. Yet most methods either disregard or underestimate the effects of sampling bias and gaps in modelling biodiversity patterns. Our objective is to test the sensitivity of commonly used methods for modelling biodiversity dimensions (richness, endemism, and beta diversity) to sampling bias and collection gaps, and as a way to mitigate those effects we introduce a novel approach that employs the sampling effort to minimize the effects of collection bias and gaps in biodiversity models.

Location

South America.

Methods

Here, we use controlled simulations of virtual species distribution and sampling effort to test the sensitivity to sampling bias and collection gaps by commonly used methods, that is, species distribution models (SDMs), spatial interpolation (SI), and environmental prediction (EP), for estimating species richness, endemism, and beta diversity. Our research contributes to advancing biodiversity modelling by introducing a novel approach, named uniform sampling from sampling effort (USSE), that employs the sampling effort to minimize the effects of collection bias and gaps.

Results and Main Conclusions

EP with USSE has proven effective in accurately predicting species richness, especially in scenarios in which the sampling effort does not coincide with the biodiversity niches. It outperformed SI and SDMs. The latter performed poorly, yielding the lowest predictive score. In estimating endemism and beta diversity, all methods yielded similar results, without statistically significant differences. For estimating beta diversity, the generalized dissimilarity model proved to be a robust method, even in face of biased sampling. Controlled simulations are key to testing biodiversity methods. These tests can isolate confounding factors inherent to real‐world data, enabling robust methodological assessments. Although fieldwork and curation of collections must remain indispensable, novel biodiversity methods could help overcome the limitations of sampling biases, helping expedite conservation actions much needed.
Enhanced control of periodontitis by an artificial intelligence‐enabled multimodal‐sensing toothbrush and targeted mHealth micromessages: A randomized trial
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Xinyu , Liu Min , Deng Ke , Tullini Annamaria , Zhang Xiao , Shi Junyu , Lai Hongchang , Tonetti Maurizio S.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Treatment of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease driven by biofilm dysbiosis, remains challenging due to patients' poor performance and adherence to the necessary oral hygiene procedures. Novel, artificial intelligence‐enabled multimodal‐sensing toothbrushes (AI‐MST) can guide patients' oral hygiene practices in real‐time and transmit valuable data to clinicians, thus enabling effective remote monitoring and guidance. The aim of this trial was to assess the effect of such a system as an adjunct to clinical practice guideline‐conform treatment.

Materials and Methods

This was a single‐centre, double‐blind, standard‐of‐care controlled, randomized, parallel‐group, superiority trial. Male and female adults with generalized Stage II/III periodontitis were recruited at the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, China. Subjects received a standard‐of‐care oral hygiene regimen or a technology‐enabled, theory‐based digital intervention consisting of an AI‐MST and targeted doctor's guidance by remote micromessaging. Additionally, both groups received guideline‐conform periodontal treatment. The primary outcome was the resolution of inflamed periodontal pockets (≥4 mm with bleeding on probing) at 6 months. The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis included all subjects who received the allocated treatment and at least one follow‐up.

Results

One hundred patients were randomized and treated (50 tests/controls) between 1 February and 30 November 2022. Forty‐eight tests (19 females) and 47 controls (16 females) were analysed in the ITT population. At 6 months, the proportion of inflamed periodontal pockets decreased from 80.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5–84.8) to 52.3% (47.7–57.0) in the control group, and from 81.4% (77.1–85.6) to 44.4% (39.9–48.9) in the test group. The inter‐group difference was 7.9% (1.6–14.6, p < .05). Test subjects achieved better levels of oral hygiene (p < .001). No significant adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

The tested digital health intervention significantly improved the outcome of periodontal therapy by enhancing the adherence and performance of self‐performed oral hygiene. The model breaks the traditional model of oral health care and has the potential to improve efficiency and reduce costs (NCT05137392).
Brain structure and functional connectivity linking childhood cumulative trauma to COVID‐19 vicarious traumatization
Authors: Liu Xiqin , Zhao Yajun , Li Jingguang , Suo Xueling , Gong Qiyong , Wang Song
Published: April 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused some individuals to experience vicarious traumatization (VT), an adverse psychological reaction to those who are primarily traumatized, which may negatively impact one's mental health and well‐being and has been demonstrated to vary with personal trauma history. The neural mechanism of VT and how past trauma history affects current VT remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify neurobiological markers that track individual differences in VT and reveal the neural link between childhood cumulative trauma (CCT) and VT.

Methods

We used structural and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging before the pandemic to identify prospective brain markers for COVID‐related VT by correlating individuals' VT levels during the pandemic with the gray matter volume (GMV) and seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) and examined how these brain markers linked CCT to VT in a sample of general young adults (N = 115/100).

Results

Whole‐brain GMV–behavior correlation analysis showed that VT was positively associated with GMV in the right dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus (DLPFC). Using the cluster derived from the GMV–behavior correlation analysis as the seed region, we further revealed that the RSFC between the right DLPFC and right precuneus was negatively associated with VT. Importantly, the right DLPFC volume and DLPFC‐precuneus RSFC mediated the effect of CCT on VT. These findings remained unaffected by factors such as family socioeconomic status, other stressful life events, and general mental health.

Conclusions

Overall, our study presents structural and functional brain markers for VT and highlights these brain‐based markers as a potential neural mechanism linking CCT to COVID‐related VT, which has implications for treating and preventing the development of trauma‐related mental disorders.
A growth‐based screening method for entomopathogenic bacteria against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Dai Hanyang , Zhang Zhichun , Niu Hongtao , Zhao Dongxiao , Qi Liangxuan , Sun Shuai , Wang Na , Guo Huifang
Published: April 2024

Efficient screening methods are essential for rapidly identifying active microbial insecticidal resources, whereas current methods are mainly based on bioassay of alive pests, and it is time‐consuming. For developing new screening methods, we first collected field fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and then we isolated 34 pathogenic bacteria isolates from dead larvae. After detecting six isolates of Serratia and Pediococcus which were the abundant bacteria species, we tested their proteinase and chitinase activities, along with their colony diameter on milk and chitin medium, and their biological activity against S. frugiperda. Based on a correlation analysis, we found a significant relationship between virulence and colony diameter in the six isolates. And then we verified the relationship by testing the other 28 isolates from fall armyworm. Therefore, we established a method for preliminary screening of potential pathogenic bacteria based on colony diameter of the isolate on milk medium, only isolates with colony diameter higher than 2.15 cm (cultured at 28°C for 72 h) were selected for further exploitation. Using the method, three bacteria isolates including JSJN2102 (Serratia nematodiphila), JSJN2103 (Providencia rettgeri) and JSJN2209 (Bacillus thuringiensis) were successfully obtained for their potential against S. frugiperda. The method will enable researchers to screen entomopathogenic bacteria more efficiently.
Emerging issues in fisheries science by fisheries scientists
Authors: Murray David S. , Campón‐Linares Victoria , O'Brien Carl M. , Thorpe Robert B. , Vieira Rui P. , Gilmour Fiona
Published: April 2024

The current epoch in fisheries science has been driven by continual advances in laboratory techniques and  increasingly sophisticated approaches to analysing datasets. We now have the scientific knowledge and tools to proactively identify obstacles to the sustainable management of marine resources. However, in addition to technological advances, there are predicted global environmental changes, each with inherent implications for fisheries. The 2023 symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles called for “open and constructive knowledge exchange between scientists, stakeholders, managers and policymakers” (https://fsbi.org.uk/symposium-2023/), a nexus of collaborative groups best placed to identify issues and solutions. Arguably, the Centre of Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas) and their Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management (SAFM) Team sit at the centre of such a network. SAFM regularly engages with managers and stakeholders, undertakes scientific research, provides fisheries advice to the UK government, and are leading experts within the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). As such, this paper is an opinion piece, linked to individual authors specialisms, that aims to highlight emerging issues affecting fisheries and suggest where research efforts could be focused that contribute to sustainable fisheries.
Validation of GPT‐4 for clinical event classification: A comparative analysis with ICD codes and human reviewers
Authors: Wang Yichen , Huang Yuting , Nimma Induja R. , Pang Songhan , Pang Maoyin , Cui Tao , Kumbhari Vivek
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

Effective clinical event classification is essential for clinical research and quality improvement. The validation of artificial intelligence (AI) models like Generative Pre‐trained Transformer 4 (GPT‐4) for this task and comparison with conventional methods remains unexplored.

Methods

We evaluated the performance of the GPT‐4 model for classifying gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding episodes from 200 medical discharge summaries and compared the results with human review and an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code‐based system. The analysis included accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity evaluation, using ground truth determined by physician reviewers.

Results

GPT‐4 exhibited an accuracy of 94.4% in identifying GI bleeding occurrences, outperforming ICD codes (accuracy 63.5%, P < 0.001). GPT‐4's accuracy was either slightly lower or statistically similar to individual human reviewers (Reviewer 1: 98.5%, P < 0.001; Reviewer 2: 90.8%, P = 0.170). For location classification, GPT‐4 achieved accuracies of 81.7% and 83.5% for confirmed and probable GI bleeding locations, respectively, with figures that were either slightly lower or comparable with those of human reviewers. GPT‐4 was highly efficient, analyzing the dataset in 12.7 min at a cost of 21.2 USD, whereas human reviewers required 8–9 h each.

Conclusion

Our study indicates GPT‐4 offers a reliable, cost‐efficient, and faster alternative to current clinical event classification methods, outperforming the conventional ICD coding system and performing comparably to individual expert human reviewers. Its implementation could facilitate more accurate and granular clinical research and quality audits. Future research should explore scalability, prompt and model tuning, and ethical implications of high‐performance AI models in clinical data processing.
AtVQ25 promotes salicylic acid‐related leaf senescence by fine‐tuning the self‐repression of AtWRKY53
Authors: Tan Qi , Zhao Mingming , Gao Jingwei , Li Ke , Zhang Mengwei , Li Yunjia , Liu Zeting , Song Yujia , Lu Xiaoyue , Zhu Zhengge , Lin Rongcheng , Yin Pengcheng , Zhou Chunjiang , Wang Geng
Published: April 2024

Most mechanistic details of chronologically ordered regulation of leaf senescence are unknown. Regulatory networks centered on AtWRKY53 are crucial for orchestrating and integrating various senescence‐related signals. Notably, AtWRKY53 binds to its own promoter and represses transcription of AtWRKY53, but the biological significance and mechanism underlying this self‐repression remain unclear. In this study, we identified the VQ motif‐containing protein AtVQ25 as a cooperator of AtWRKY53. The expression level of AtVQ25 peaked at mature stage and was specifically repressed after the onset of leaf senescence. AtVQ25‐overexpressing plants and atvq25 mutants displayed precocious and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. Importantly, we identified AtWRKY53 as an interacting partner of AtVQ25. We determined that interaction between AtVQ25 and AtWRKY53 prevented AtWRKY53 from binding to W‐box elements on the AtWRKY53 promoter and thus counteracted the self‐repression of AtWRKY53. In addition, our RNA‐sequencing data revealed that the AtVQ25‐AtWRKY53 module is related to the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Precocious leaf senescence and SA‐induced leaf senescence in AtVQ25‐overexpressing lines were inhibited by an SA pathway mutant, atsid2, and NahG transgenic plants; AtVQ25‐overexpressing/atwrky53 plants were also insensitive to SA‐induced leaf senescence. Collectively, we demonstrated that AtVQ25 directly attenuates the self‐repression of AtWRKY53 during the onset of leaf senescence, which is substantially helpful for understanding the timing of leaf senescence onset modulated by AtWRKY53.
Evaluation of nurse‐reported missed care in a post‐anesthesia care unit: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Heng Laura Mun Tze , Rajasegeran Darshini Devi , Lim Siew Hoon
Published: April 2024

Background

Nurse‐reported missed care (NRMC) is considered as any significant delay or omission in provision of nursing care.

Aim

(i) Evaluate the frequency, types, and reasons for NRMC in the Post‐anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). (ii) Evaluate associations between nurse demographic and workload factors with NRMC. (iii) Explore nurses' perception of NRMC in the PACU.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in the PACU in a tertiary acute care hospital over 3 months. Full‐time PACU nurses were conveniently sampled to complete an anonymous survey after their daily shift over different shifts. It contained three sections: (i) nurse demographics; (ii) elements of NRMC; and (iii) reasons for NRMC. Qualitative interviews employed a semi‐structured guide to explore perceptions and experiences of NRMC. Descriptive, inferential statistics, and thematic analyses were applied.

Results

Sixty‐six survey responses were collected. 48.5% of respondents indicated at least one NRMC activity. Activities more clinically sensitive were less missed. Eight nurses were interviewed. Four main themes were identified: (i) communication with patients; (ii) communication and teamwork with colleagues; (iii) dual role of documentation; and (iv) staffing inadequacy. Language barriers made communication challenging. Staff shortage exacerbates workload but effective teamwork and documentation facilitates nursing care.

Conclusion

Communication and staffing concerns aggravate NRMC. Teamwork and personal contentment were satisfactory. Nurses' turnover intention may worsen staffing.

Clinical Relevance

Timeliness and quality of nursing care is impacted by elements such as manpower, allocation of resources, work processes, and workplace environmental or interpersonal factors such as culture and language fit. Re‐evaluation of nursing resources and work processes may assist post‐anesthesia care unit nurses in fulfilling their role, decreasing the prevalence of nurse‐reported missed care.
Revisiting the anatomy of the left ventricle in the light of knowledge of its development
Authors: Crucean Adrian , Spicer Diane E. , Tretter Justin T. , Mohun Timothy J. , Cook Andrew C. , Sanchez‐Quintana Damian , Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Lamers Wouter H. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: April 2024

Despite centuries of investigation, certain aspects of left ventricular anatomy remain either controversial or uncertain. We make no claims to have resolved these issues, but our review, based on our current knowledge of development, hopefully identifies the issues requiring further investigation. When first formed, the left ventricle had only inlet and apical components. With the expansion of the atrioventricular canal, the developing ventricle cedes part of its inlet to the right ventricle whilst retaining the larger parts of the cushions dividing the atrioventricular canal. Further remodelling of the interventricular communication provides the ventricle with its outlet, with the aortic root being transferred to the left ventricle along with the newly formed myocardium supporting its leaflets. The definitive ventricle possesses inlet, apical and outlet parts. The inlet component is guarded by the mitral valve, with its leaflets, in the normal heart, supported by papillary muscles located infero‐septally and supero‐laterally. There is but a solitary zone of apposition between the leaflets, which we suggest are best described as being aortic and mural. The trabeculated component extends beyond the inlet to the apex and is confluent with the outlet part, which supports the aortic root. The leaflets of the aortic valve are supported in semilunar fashion within the root, with the ventricular cavity extending to the sinutubular junction. The myocardial‐arterial junction, however, stops well short of the sinutubular junction, with myocardium found only at the bases of the sinuses, giving rise to the coronary arteries. We argue that the relationships between the various components should now be described using attitudinally appropriate terms rather than describing them as if the heart is removed from the body and positioned on its apex.
Responsibility in the Anthropocene: Paul Ricoeur and the Summons to Responsibility amid Global Environmental Degradation
Authors: Le Chevallier Michael
Published: April 2024

The nomenclature of the Anthropocene for this geological epoch marks in a novel way the global impact of human activity on the world. Consequently, it creatively raises the alarm bell of global environmental devastation. However, the narrative implicit in the Anthropocene presents challenges to use it as a departure point for developing an ethics of responsibility, as it contains morally relevant but ambiguous etiologies, phenomenological challenges to discrete human agency, and the potential erasure of both causes and victims of global environmental degradation. This challenge compounds the challenges to traditional models of responsibility‐as‐imputation by global forms of environmental degradation signaled in the Anthropocene. Our new epoch demands new models of responsibility. This article draws upon neglected work by Paul Ricoeur to reconstruct a twofold model of responsibility: (1) responsibility‐as‐imputation and (2) responsibility for the fragile other and the domains that amplify fragility. It shows that a twofold model can more completely respond to harms elicited by anthropogenic environmental degradation by maintaining the benefits of traditional models of responsibility‐as‐accountability while dramatically expanding the subject and objects of responsibility through attention to the fragile and thus better serving us as we navigate responsibility in the Anthropocene.
Genetic diversity and evolution of the plastome in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium spp.)
Authors: Yan Xin‐Lin , Kan Sheng‐Long , Wang Mei‐Xia , Li Yong‐Yao , Tembrock Luke R. , He Wen‐Chuang , Nie Li‐Yun , Hu Guan‐Jing , Yuan Dao‐Jun , Ma Xiong‐Feng , Wu Zhi‐Qiang
Published: April 2024

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a vital global source of renewable fiber and ranks among the world's most important cash crops. While extensive nuclear genomic data of Gossypium has been explored, the organellar genomic resources of allotetraploid cotton, remain largely untapped at the population level. The plastid genome (plastome) is well suited for studying plant species relationships and diversity due to its nonrecombinant uniparental inheritance. Here, we conducted de novo assembly of 336 Gossypium plastomes, mainly from domesticated cultivars, and generated a pan‐plastome level resource for population structure and genetic diversity analyses. The assembled plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and varied in length from 160 103 to 160 597 bp. At the species level, seven allotetraploid species were resolved into three clades, where Gossypium tomentosum and Gossypium mustelinum formed an early diverging clade rooted by diploids, followed by splitting two sister clades of Gossypium darwinii–Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum–Gossypium ekmanianum–Gossypium stephensii. Within the G. hirsutum clade the resolution of cultivated accessions was less polyphyletic with landrace and wild accessions than in G. barbadense suggesting some selection on plastome in the domestication of this adaptable species of cotton. The nucleotide diversity of G. hirsutum was higher than that of G. barbadense. We specifically compared the plastomes of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense to find mutational hotspots within each species as potential molecular markers. These findings contribute a valuable resource for exploring cotton evolution as well as in the breeding of new cotton cultivars and the preservation of wild and cultivated germplasm.
How do sleepwear and bedding fibre types affect sleep quality: A systematic review
Authors: Li Xinzhu , Halaki Mark , Chow Chin Moi
Published: April 2024

Sleepwear and bedding materials can affect sleep quality by influencing the skin and body temperature and thermal comfort. This review systematically evaluates the impact of sleepwear or bedding of different fibre types on sleep quality. A systematic search was conducted in six data bases plus Google Scholar and manual searches. Original articles that compared human sleep quality between at least two fibre types of bedding or sleepwear were included, resulting in nine eligible articles included in the review. The fibre types included cotton, polyester, wool, and blended materials for sleepwear; cotton, duck down, goose down, polyester and wool for duvet; and linen and a combination of cotton and polyester for bedding. The interplay between fibre materials and sleep quality is complex. Blended sleepwear demonstrated potential benefits for specific populations. Wool sleepwear showed benefits for sleep onset in adults (cool conditions) and in older adults (warm conditions). Linen bedsheets improved sleep quality under warm conditions in young adults. Goose down‐filled duvets increased slow‐wave sleep under cool conditions in young adults. However, a systematic comparison of fibre types is challenging due to the diverse nature of the studies evaluating sleep quality. Further research employing standardised methodologies with standard fibre samples in different populations and in different temperature conditions is imperative to elucidate comprehensively the effects of fibre choices on sleep quality. Despite the limitations and heterogeneity of the included studies, this analysis offers valuable insights for individuals seeking to optimise their sleep experiences and for manufacturers developing sleep‐related products.
The Influence of Religious Affiliation on the Political Views of LGBT Americans
Authors: Lefevor G. Tyler , Sorrell Sydney A. , Burke Kelsy , Flores Andrew R.
Published: April 2024

With a nationally representative, repeated cross‐sectional sample of over 250,000 Americans from 2016 to 2019, we investigate the role that religious and LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) identities play in influencing Americans’ political attitudes, centering the narratives of religious LGBT Americans. We find that nearly half of LGBT Americans affiliate religiously. Logistic regressions show that identifying as religious is related to more conservative views on LGBT rights and abortion while identifying as LGBT is related to more liberal views on both of these issues. We failed to observe interaction effects, suggesting that religious affiliation influences LGBT individuals’ political views in a manner similar to the way it influences cisgender, heterosexual individuals’ views. Comparisons of the variation accounted for by religious or LGBT identities show that religious affiliation more frequently accounted for more variation in political views.
How does rapid burial work? New insights from experiments with echinoderms
Authors: Fraga Malton Carvalho , Vega Cristina Silveira
Published: April 2024

This research explores the significance of rapid burial in preserving fossils, with a particular focus on free‐living echinoderms. Experiments were based on ophiuroids to simulate burial under different turbiditic flows. The results showed that a bed thickness of around 10 cm is a limit for the preservation of whole skeletons in most cases. The type of sediment can affect the integrity of the buried skeletons, with sand deposition resulting in higher rates of autotomy. However, mud deposition did not show any numbing effect, as previously believed for echinoderms. In contrast, freshwater‐rich sediments can play a critical role, paralysing specimens and preventing escape postures through rapid changes in salinity. From this, the study highlights the importance of extrabasinal turbidites, generated outside the marine basin, in the fossilization of marine invertebrates. Such sediments are rich in fresh water and can be more efficient burial traps compared to other intrabasinal deposits generated by storm waves or submarine landslides.
Pediatric anesthesia in Mongolia and Thailand
Authors: Charoenraj Pornarun , Chinzorig Zolzaya , Adiya Dolgorsuren , Aroonpruksakul Naiyana , Ayatkhan Khuanysh , Bayarsaikhan Oyun , Boldbaatar Odgerel , Horatanaruang Duenpen , Khorolsaikhan Urantuya , Ngamprasertwong Pornswan , Purev‐Oidov Tumenjargal , Tumur Solongo , Skowno Justin
Published: April 2024

Introduction and history

In Mongolia, pediatric anesthesia has advanced during the past 25 years through expanded, standardized education programs and international collaboration. Pediatric anesthesia is a recognized specialty, covering all surgical services, including cardiac and transplant, using physicians and nurses.

Training

The pediatric anesthesia fellowship is 6 months after 2 years of residency; pediatric nurse anesthesia training is 6 months.

Conclusion

As a Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country (LMIC) with low population density and extreme weather, the challenges include insufficient equipment, supplies, and clinician numbers, matching few clinicians to many varied patient locations, and covering surgical emergencies over distance and weather.

In Thailand, education and training in pediatric anesthesia remain a focus: Pediatric anesthesia is an official subspecialty, the fellowship is accredited, using a competency‐based curriculum with milestones of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills and Entrusted Professional Activities. The Bangkok Anesthesia Regional Training Center (BARTC)‐Pediatrics, jointly sponsored by the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists (WFSA) and the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA), have expanded training to anesthesiologists worldwide. Challenges include difficulty balancing service workload and education, as well as attracting pediatric anesthesia fellows due to the strong private sector job market.
Post‐streptococcal small‐vessel vasculitis in a 16‐month‐old with associated intussusception and hypertension: Henoch Schönlein purpura?
Authors: Banbury Sara , Milgraum David M. , Lewis Daniel J. , Queenan Maria , Treat James R.
Published: April 2024

Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis, is a systemic small‐vessel vasculitis typically occurring in children 3–15 years of age, with peak incidence at 4–6 years. It is characterized by a constellation of symptoms including palpable purpura, arthralgias or arthritis, abdominal pain including intussusception, and renal involvement. We report a patient with these clinical findings whose IgA immunofluorescence was negative but with a presumptive diagnosis of HSP at 16 months of age, significantly younger than the classic population. This condition rarely affects this age group, and we highlight the importance of considering vasculitis in children of all ages, as a failure to diagnose could lead to insufficient long‐term monitoring, particularly regarding renal function.
Metabolomics reveals the importance of metabolites in Mussaenda pubescens for antioxidant properties and quality traits
Authors: Zhou Caibi , Li Ping , Fu Shanshan , You Yan , Guo Sijian , Piyaporn Chueamchaitrakun , Mei Xin , Zhou Xiaolu , Girdthai Teerayoot
Published: April 2024

Mussaenda pubescens (Mp) is a valuable medicinal plant that has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes or as a tea substitute. However, there are few studies on the comprehensive and dynamic evaluation of Mp metabolites. This study used an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) approach and biochemical analysis to investigate substance changes in leaves at three different stages and elucidate the relationship between metabolites and antioxidant capacity. The findings showed that Mp leaves contained 957 metabolites, the majority of which were phenolic acids, lipids, and terpenoids. The metabolite profiling of Mp leaves was significantly influenced by their growth and development at different stages. A total of 317 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were screened, including 150 primary metabolites and 167 secondary metabolites, with 202 DAMs found in bud leaf vs. tender leaf, 54 DAMs in tender leaf vs. mature leaf, and 254 DAMs in bud leaf vs. mature leaf. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin concentrations decreased as Mp leaves grew and developed, whereas terpenoids increased significantly. The secondary metabolites also demonstrated a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins were the primary factors influencing the antioxidant activity of leaves. These findings provide new insights into the metabolite formation mechanism, as well as the development and utilization of Mp tea.
Chinese cherry CpMYB44‐CpSPDS2 module regulates spermidine content and florescence in tobacco
Authors: Deng Hong , Hou Qiandong , Wen Zhuang , Yu Runrun , Cao Xuejiao , Shang Chunqiong , Cai Xiaowei , Qiao Guang
Published: April 2024

The flower bud differentiation plays a crucial role in cherry yield and quality. In a preliminary study, we revealed the promotion of spermidine (Spd) in bud differentiation and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Spd regulating cherry bud differentiation remains unclear. To address this research gap, we cloned CpSPDS2, a gene that encodes Spd synthase and is highly expressed in whole flowers and pistils of the Chinese cherry (cv. ‘Manaohong’). Furthermore, an overexpression vector with this gene was constructed to transform tobacco plants. The findings demonstrated that transgenic lines exhibited higher Spd content, an earlier flowering time by 6 d, and more lateral buds and flowers than wild‐type lines. Additionally, yeast one‐hybrid assays and two‐luciferase experiments confirmed that the R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (CpMYB44) directly binds to and activates the CpSPDS2 promoter transcription. It is indicated that CpMYB44 promotes Spd accumulation via regulating CpSPDS2 expression, thus accelerating the flower growth. This research provides a basis for resolving the molecular mechanism of CpSPDS2 involved in cherry bud differentiation.
Adaptive organizational network response in a crisis: The case of five European airports during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: de Rooij Doret , Timen Aura , Raab Jörg
Published: April 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to the joint organizational response of private and public and here especially public health organizations. This is particularly true for airports as central connectors of global travel and trade. For five European airports, we analyzed the interorganizational response based on input from 66 of the 87 different airport partners, using two fictitious scenarios derived from public health practice. We applied organizational design theory and quantitative (network) analysis to show how the four fundamental problems of organizing have been tackled at airports, i.e., task distribution, task allocation, rewards, and information provision. This article shows how the response to COVID‐19 in the airport setting needs to be solved within broad and flexible public administrative networks. The thorough understanding of organizational network responses in emergency management following from this article supports future preparedness efforts to deal with complex known and unknown public health threats.
A comparative analysis of literary testimony: Teaching with Holocaust diaries and memoirs
Authors: Painitz Sarah
Published: April 2024

This paper provides concrete suggestions for teaching two Holocaust testimonies, Irene Hauser's diary and Ruth Klüger's memoir Still Alive. Hauser's and Klüger's texts effectively illustrate the differences between diaries and memoirs while recounting similar experiences. Such a comparative analysis, I argue, achieves two goals: First, by comparing two different types of autobiographical texts, students gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the complexities, contradictions, and tensions inherent in autobiographical writing, ultimately encouraging students to become more accepting of ambiguity in their learning. Second, by focusing on Holocaust testimonies, students learn about persecution, injustice, and oppression, increasing their awareness of global issues, interculturalism, and social justice. The pedagogical approach and teaching suggestions outlined here are easily adaptable and can be applied to the teaching of autobiographical writing in other thematic contexts.
Effect of CoCrMo Die and Tool Surface Nano-Texture on Micro Backward Extrusion Formability of AA6063-T6
Authors: Funazuka Tatsuya , Horiuchi Syunsuke , Dohda Kuniaki , Shiratori Tomomi
Published: April 2024

To manufacture microparts used in medical and electronic devices, the machining scale must be reduced to the microscale. However, when applying existing plastic forming processes to the machining of microscale parts, the size effect caused by material properties and friction results in variations in product accuracy. To suppress the size effect, tool materials and tool surface treatments suitable for microscale machining must be considered. Using AA6063-T6 billets as test specimens, this study investigated the effects of tool surface properties, such as die surface nanotexture, on micro-extrudability such as extrusion force, product shape, and crystal structure of the product. A cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) die was used as a new die material suitable for micro-extrusion. To investigate the effects of the die material and die surface nanotexture, AISI H13, CoCrMo, and nanotextured CoCrMo dies were used. The extrusion force increased rapidly with the progression of the stroke for both dies. Compared with the AISI H13 die, the CoCrMo die with nanotexture exhibited considerably lower extrusion force, longer extrusion length, and less adhesion on the die surface. The results of material analysis using electron backscatter diffraction indicated that the nanotextured CoCrMo die improved material flowability and facilitated the application of greater strain. In contrast, the AISI H13 die exhibited lower material flowability and nonuniform strain. Therefore, the tribology between the tool and material was controlled by changing the surface properties of the die to improve the formability.
Examining Ableism Through the Physical Activity Experiences of Blind and Visually Impaired Women
Authors: Ball Lindsey E. , Haegele Justin A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study examined how ableism influences blind and visually impaired women’s experiences accessing and engaging in exercise, physical activity, and sport. Methods: Ten women between the ages of 27 and 45 years completed a one-on-one audio-recorded virtual interview where they reflected on the meaningfulness of their exercise, physical activity, and/or sport experiences, as well as described any experiences related to direct, indirect, systemic, or internalized ableism within or when attempting to access those physical activity experiences. The interview transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: The analysis resulted in the construction of 2 themes that depicted the participants’ experiences: (1) “It’s exhausting”: navigating inaccessibility and (2) “You feel like a fish out of water”: internalized ableism. Discussion: The themes highlight the participants’ experiences which were largely focused on being forced to navigate inaccessible environments which resulted in exhaustion and expressions of internalized ableism. These findings provide insight into what makes and does not make a physical activity space accessible and welcoming for blind and visually impaired adults.
“PE Is More Than Playing Kick Ball the Entire Hour”: Using Standards-Based Grading to Elevate Physical Education’s Status Among Preservice Physical Educators
Authors: Townsley Matt , McNamara Scott W.T.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study sought to examine how preservice physical educators conceptualize and intend to use standards-based grading (SBG) after receiving a 1-hr workshop on implementing SBG into a physical education (PE) setting. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers utilized class reflection assignments, a perceptions survey, and interviews with 10 undergraduate physical educators at a Midwestern university. Findings: The SBG workshop positively influenced participants’ views of the importance of PE, enhanced their attitudes toward organized and meaningful instructional planning, and shaped participants’ perceived norms and level of control when implementing SBG in their future classrooms. Discussion/Conclusion: SBG provides a means for preservice physical educators to validate their field and area of study and to visualize the interconnectedness of teaching, learning, and assessment within PE.
Spatiotemporal architecture of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Xu Alexander M. , Haro Marcela , Walts Ann E. , Hu Ye , John Joshi , Karlan Beth Y. , Merchant Akil , Orsulic Sandra
Published: April 2024

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the deadliest form of ovarian cancer, is typically diagnosed after it has metastasized and often relapses after standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, likely due to advanced tumor stage, heterogeneity, and immune evasion and tumor-promoting signaling from the tumor microenvironment. To understand how spatial heterogeneity contributes to HGSOC progression and early relapse, we profiled an HGSOC tissue microarray of patient-matched longitudinal samples from 42 patients. We found spatial patterns associated with early relapse, including changes in T cell localization, malformed tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS)–like aggregates, and increased podoplanin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using spatial features to compartmentalize the tissue, we found that plasma cells distribute in two different compartments associated with TLS-like aggregates and CAFs, and these distinct microenvironments may account for the conflicting reports about the role of plasma cells in HGSOC prognosis.
Nociceptor spontaneous activity is responsible for fragmenting non–rapid eye movement sleep in mouse models of neuropathic pain
Authors: Alexandre Chloe , Miracca Giulia , Holanda Victor Duarte , Sharma Ashley , Kourbanova Kamila , Ferreira Ashley , Bicca Maíra A. , Zeng Xiangsunze , Nassar Victoria A. , Lee Seungkyu , Kaur Satvinder , Sarma Sridevi V. , Sacré Pierre , Scammell Thomas E. , Woolf Clifford J. , Latremoliere Alban
Published: April 2024

Spontaneous pain, a major complaint of patients with neuropathic pain, has eluded study because there is no reliable marker in either preclinical models or clinical studies. Here, we performed a comprehensive electroencephalogram/electromyogram analysis of sleep in several mouse models of chronic pain: neuropathic (spared nerve injury and chronic constriction injury), inflammatory (Freund’s complete adjuvant and carrageenan, plantar incision) and chemical pain (capsaicin). We find that peripheral axonal injury drives fragmentation of sleep by increasing brief arousals from non–rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) without changing total sleep amount. In contrast to neuropathic pain, inflammatory or chemical pain did not increase brief arousals. NREMS fragmentation was reduced by the analgesics gabapentin and carbamazepine, and it resolved when pain sensitivity returned to normal in a transient neuropathic pain model (sciatic nerve crush). Genetic silencing of peripheral sensory neurons or ablation of CGRP
+
neurons in the parabrachial nucleus prevented sleep fragmentation, whereas pharmacological blockade of skin sensory fibers was ineffective, indicating that the neural activity driving the arousals originates ectopically in primary nociceptor neurons and is relayed through the lateral parabrachial nucleus. These findings identify NREMS fragmentation by brief arousals as an effective proxy to measure spontaneous neuropathic pain in mice.
Genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus isolate collected in 1988 from a naturally infected bovine in Mexico
Authors: Pauszek Steven J. , O'Donnell Vivian K. , Faburay Bonto
Published: April 2024

We report the near-full genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) originally collected from a naturally infected bovine in south-central Mexico. This sequence represents a coding-complete genome sequence of a VSIV from Mexico, a country where vesicular stomatitis is endemic.
Novel feed additive delivers antimicrobial copper and influences fecal microbiota in pigs
Authors: Fernandez Mariana , Thompson Jonathan , Calle Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Dehydrated alginate beads formulated with copper were synthesized and tested as a feed additive to influence the microbiota in finishing pigs and potentially use them as a preharvest intervention to reduce fecal pathogen shedding. The efficacy of the copper beads was tested
in vitro
and
in vivo. In vitro
,
Salmonella
was significantly (
P
< 0.05) reduced when in contact with the copper beads solution for up to 6 h, with a 5.4 log CFU/mL reduction over the first hour. Chemical analysis of the soak solutions demonstrated the beads delivered their copper payload gradually over the same period the bactericidal effect was observed. For the
in vivo
experiments, pigs (
n
= 48) supplemented with the copper beads experienced significant shifts in their microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae (EB) increased by 1.07 log CFU/g (
P
< 0.05), while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased by 1.22 log CFU/g (
P
< 0.05) during the treatment period. When beads were removed from the feed, EB and LAB concentrations returned to baseline, indicating copper beads led to measurable and significant changes in microbial loads. Fecal microbiome analysis conducted to explore additional changes by copper bead supplementation demonstrated that, at the phylum level, there was an increase in Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, and Acidobacteriota, while at the genus level, an increase in
Methanosphaera
and
Pseudomonas
was observed. Measures of copper in swine feces showed values ~20 times higher in the treatment group than in the control group during the treatment period, suggesting that dehydrated alginate copper beads were effective in delivering antimicrobial copper to the animal hindgut.

IMPORTANCE

Copper has long been known to have antimicrobial properties. However, when water-soluble salts are fed to livestock, the copper may rapidly dissolve in gastric contents and fail to reach the gut. Here, specially formulated copper beads are seamlessly incorporated into feed and allow copper to remain longer in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, reach deep into both the foregut and hindgut, and shift microbial populations. The technology delivers antimicrobial copper to the animal hindgut and potentially reduces pathogenic microorganisms before animal slaughter.
Genetic risk of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between lifestyle and glycemic health at 5 years postpartum among high-risk women
Authors: Tieu Sim , Koivusalo Saila , Lahti Jari , Engberg Elina , Laivuori Hannele , Huvinen Emilia
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, but genetic background may influence the individual response. In the Finnish gestational diabetes prevention study, RADIEL, lifestyle intervention during pregnancy and first postpartum year was effective in preventing gestational diabetes (GDM) and postpartum glycemic abnormalities only among women at highest genetic risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess whether still 5 years postpartum the genetic risk modifies the association between lifestyle and glycemic health.

Research design and methods

The RADIEL study (randomized controlled trial) aimed to prevent GDM with a lifestyle intervention among high-risk women (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2and/or prior GDM). The follow-up study 5 years postpartum included anthropometric measurements, laboratory assessments, device-measured physical activity (PA), and questionnaires. A Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) indicated adherence to lifestyle goals (PA, diet, smoking) and a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 50 type 2 diabetes risk alleles depicted the genetic risk.

Results

Altogether 314 women provided genetic and glycemic data 5 years postpartum. The PRS for type 2 diabetes was not associated with glycemic abnormalities, nor was HLS in the total study sample. There was, however, an interaction between HLS and type 2 diabetes PRS on glycemic abnormalities (p=0.03). When assessing the association between HLS and glycemic abnormalities in PRS tertiles, HLS was associated with reduced risk of glycemic abnormalities only among women at the highest genetic risk (p=0.008).

Conclusions

These results extend our previous findings from pregnancy and first postpartum year demonstrating that still at 5 years postpartum, healthy lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of prediabetes/diabetes only among women at the highest genetic risk of type 2 diabetes.