bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PENGUATAN KURIKULUM BERBASIS PESANTREN (STUDI KASUS PADA MADRASAH ALIYAH (MA) DI KUDUS)
Authors: Ihsan Ihsan
Published: August 2020

From political and regulatory viewpoints, the existence of Madrasahs as educational institutions get stronger with the issue of Regulation No. 2 Year 1989 and Regulation No. 20 Year 2003 and their derivative regulations. On the one hand, the regulations have helped facilitate the madrasahs get equal footing with public schools – even to some enjoy equal status  with public schools – and on the other hand, this new position confronts madrasahs with the challenges due to the fact that many of them have inferior resources. Conceptually, this Islamic boarding-based madrasah model is manifestation of divinity based education concept. Technically, this model adopt concept boarding school and/or full-day school. With this model, it is hoped that there will no more limitation of time to offer quality teaching and education. This model will not only let the madrasahs offer formal curriculum but hidden curriculum as well. Departing from the objective realities and the typology of madrasah aliyah in Kudus, the Islamic boarding-based madrasah as a model offered in this study is classified into three different models, i.e. Pesantren (Islamic boarding) madrasah, Pesantren Environment Madrasah, and Pesantren Values System Pesantren. As to implement these models, it is suggested that the madrasah will choose either one of the three which suits best to their contexts and capacities.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN KUALITAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MTS NEGERI 2 MODEL PALEMBANG
Authors: Finandar Hilyah Alan
Published: August 2020

The quality of education as a pillar of human resource development, closely related to management at educational institutions. Quality education will arise if quality schools, which can not be separated from the management properly. The quality of education is not independent of inputs, processes, outputs or outcomes. Therefore, education must be continuously upgraded through a management system that can be accountable to stakeholders in order to be able to prepare future generations who have a competitive advantage in answering and solving the future challenges of the nation in the global era. The reason for choosing in MTs Negeri 2 Palembang because in terms of acceptance of MTs Negeri 2 Palembang receive inputs with the selection of both written tests and test kaji. In the process of education continues to increase the potential of existing teachers proven teachers who have S2 as much as 6 people. Outputs issued can penetrate state high school and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri and students who excel, therefore MTs Negeri 2 Palembang can be used as a model
Celecoxib alleviates traumatic myositis ossificans by inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein-4 in rats
Authors: Liu Mingzhong , Zeng Rongdong , Shi Jianhui , Xie Junjie
Published: August 2020

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is one of the important molecules regulating the formation and differentiation of bone tissue. It is the main active medium to induce ectopic ossification, and is mainly involved in bone growth and repair of wounds. Methods: To investigate the expression and significance of BMP-4 in rat model of traumatic myositis ossificans (TMO), 60 SD rats aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group and celecoxib group, and TMO model was established at the right Achilles tendon. Each rat in the celecoxib group was intragastrically administered with 10 mg of celecoxib per kilogram per day. Each rat in the other group was intragastrically administered with 2 mL of physiological saline per day. At the 5th week and the 10th week after operation, 30 rats were killed. X-ray film was used to examine the formation of new bone, and skin temperature of the affected side was measured before execution. BMP-4 protein and mRNA level, and IL-2 mRNA level in the Achilles tendon tissues were detected by western blotting and RT-qPCR. Before execution, 2 mL of venous blood was taken from rats, and the level of IL-2 in serum was detected by ELISA. Results: The results showed that compared with the model group, in the celecoxib group, the swelling of the affected side was significantly alleviated, the overall formation rate was slower, the osteogenesis time was later, the ossification degree was lighter, the BMP-4 mRNA and protein levels in the Achilles tendon tissues of the affected side were significantly lower, and the IL-2 content in the blood and the mRNA of IL-2 in the tissues were significantly lower. Conclusions: In conclusion, celecoxib can effectively alleviate the occurrence of TMO after Achilles tendon surgery in rats by inhibiting BMP-4 and IL-2 expression.
Protocol for a retrospective cohort study for evaluating the early antibiotics use in non-severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yin Xiaoxv , Liu Li , Xu Xing , Huang Lei , Jing Ping , Li Hui , Jiang Nan , Wang Jing , Lu Zuxun , Gong Yanhong , Xiong Nian , Li Changjun
Published: August 2020

The use of antibiotics is common in the treatment of COVID-19, but adequate evaluation is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic use in non-severe COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection. This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study. Patients are screened strictly according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are divided into two groups based on antibiotics exposure. The exposure is defined as the treatment of antibiotics prescribed within 48 hours after admission, with a course of treatment≥3 days; and patients in this group are classified as early antibiotic use group. Otherwise, patients are classified as the non early antibiotic use group. The primary end point of the study is progressing from non-severe type COVID-19 into severe type. This is the first protocol to put a focus on the transformation of the severity of the disease, based on a multi-center retrospective cohort design.
Clinical training in China needs to be improved: A cross-sectional study of MD graduates
Authors: ZHANG XIAONING , Li Chong , Yue Cailing , Jiang Xue , Cao Junli
Published: August 2020

Background: China is experiencing medical education reform to construct national quality standards, modernise and standardise health professionals, and advance health delivery system requirements. Graduate medical education (GME) is being piloted as a merger of Doctor of Medicine (MD) and PhD programs to improve academic research and clinical training. However, the academic degree-centred system has led to a preoccupation with academic research rather than clinical training. Quality information regarding the clinical training of MD graduates from Chinese medical schools is lacking. This general investigation aims to provide an overview from the perspective of recent MD graduates in China.

Methods: Self-reports on MD clinical training were obtained from 432 MD graduates in 2017 via an online survey. The reports included information on overall satisfaction, educational supervision, supervised learning events, curriculum coverage, local teaching, teamwork, educational governance, workload, supportiveness of the environment, feedback, clinical experience, patient safety, handovers, and reporting systems. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the outcome.

Results: Of the 432 MD graduates surveyed, only 37.4% reported satisfaction with the overall clinical training quality; 54.6% rated the informal and bedside quality as “good”; 64.4% reported that they knew who provided clinical supervision; only 35.5% highly rated the quality of clinical supervision; 51.8% reported that they judged senior physicians as “not competent”; 48.1% believed that their concerns about education and training would be addressed; 41.9% agreed that the staff treated each other respectfully; 97.4% admitted that they worked beyond the mandatory hours and claimed they were regularly short of sleep; 84.2% raised concerns about patient safety; 45.3% reported that they received regular informal feedback.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the quality of clinical training for MD graduates needs to be improved; however, even though most participants seemed satisfied with their clinical training. The overall satisfaction with the teaching quality was acceptable, whereas the quality of many clinical training aspects was scored poorly. Each aspect may encourage a deeper investigation into the understanding of causes and possible remediation. Some suggestions include improving safe and effective care, providing positive clinical supervision, offering appropriate practice opportunities, providing health care services, and maintaining optimal patient safety.
Effects of Sevoflurane and Adenosine Receptor Antagonist on the Sugammadex-Induced Recovery from Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade: An Ex-vivo Study
Authors: Kim Yong Beom , Choi Jae-Moon , Park Chungon , Choi Hey-Ran , In Junyong , Yang Hong-Seuk
Published: August 2020

Background: Sevoflurane affects on the A1 receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) and potentiates the action of neuromuscular blocking agents. In the present study, we investigated whether sevoflurane (SEVO) has the ability to potentiate the neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium and if the specific antagonist of adenosine receptor (SLV320) can reverse this effect. Methods: Phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragm tissue specimens were obtained from forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The specimens were immersed in an organ bath filled with Krebs buffer and stimulated by a train-of-four (TOF) pattern using indirect supramaximal stimulation at 20 s intervals. The specimens were randomly allocated to control, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO), SEVO, or SLV320+SEVO groups. In the CADO and SLV320+SEVO groups, CADO and SLV320 were added to the organ bath from the start to a concentration of 10 μM and 10 nM, respectively. We then proceeded with rocuronium-induced blockade of >95% depression of the first twitch tension of TOF (T1) and TOF ratio (TOFR). In the SEVO and SLV320+SEVO groups, SEVO was added to the Krebs buffer solution to concentration of 400 - 500 μM for 10 min. Sugammadex-induced T1 and TOFR recovery was monitored for 30 min until >95% of T1 and >0.9 of TOFR were confirmed, and the recovery pattern was compared by plotting these data. Results: There were no significant differences in the recovery pattern between the control and SEVO groups. However, there were significant differences between the SEVO and SLV320+SEVO groups. Conclusion: Sevoflurane potentiates of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blocking effect and delays sugammadex-induced recovery from neuromuscular blockade.
Attitudes Towards Changing Care Needs and Experiences of Social Care for People Aged 95 years and Older Living At Home: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Buck Jackie , Rico Rehana Di , Scheibl Fiona , Barclay Stephen , Farquhar Morag , Brayne Carol , Fleming Jane
Published: August 2020

Background: The ‘oldest old’ are amongst the largest recipients of social care services and informal care, yet they are under-represented in research and service-user experience surveys. The aim of this study was to understand experiences of receiving social care from formal services and informal carers amongst very old people living in the community. Method: Framework analysis of qualitative data from 36 interviews with community-dwelling people aged 95-101 (n=24) and/or their relatives/carers participating in the UK population-based Cambridge City over-75s Cohort (CC75C) study.Results: Fifty-eight percent lived alone, 75% were disabled, and 42% moderately or severely cognitively impaired. Sixty-seven percent had contact with formal care services and 85% with relatives at least weekly. Informal care mainly supported instrumental activities of daily living, though substituted for, and complemented, formal care at low and higher disability levels respectively. Impractical service delivery and lack of awareness of social care processes and entitlements caused unnecessary distress. Lack of meaningful social interaction, difficulties with bathing and management of continence were key areas of unmet need. Poor continuity of service and frequent changes of formal carers posed a threat to older people’s autonomy, dignity and safety.Conclusions: This study revealed a rich complexity of older old care recipients’ responses and attitudes not adequately captured in national surveys. As the urgent need to review social care provision receives more attention, there are valuable opportunities to incorporate the views of older old people into service design and delivery, honouring policy directives for person-centred care and improved quality of life.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Inhibits VEGF-Induced in Vitro Angiogenesis of RF/6A Cells via the Blocking of VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Xiangwu , Yao Wang , You Shuqi , Wu Suqian , Li Gang , Mo Xiaofen
Published: August 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenesis effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: The rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial (RF/6A) cells were treated with different concentrations (from 0 to 100 μM) of 7,8-DHF and/or 40 ng/ml VEGF. The morphology, proliferation, migration, capillary-like tube formation，and apoptosis of RF/6A cells were evaluated by Giemsa staining, CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, matrigel tube formation assay, and flow cytometry/hoechst33342 staining, respectively. The protein content of VEFGR2 and p-VEGFR2 was assessed by western blotting. Results: 7,8-DHF significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of RF/6A cells and promoted their apoptosis in vitro. The expression of VEGFR2 in RF/6A cells was constant whether or not to administer 7,8-DHF. However, the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 significantly decreased after the administration of 7,8-DHF. Conclusions: 7,8-DHF could inhibit RF/6A angiogenesis in vitro. The inhibitory mechanism of 7,8-DHF in angiogenesis was attributed to the suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation and thus blocking of VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway.
Effect of Educational Program of Self-care Behaviors on Perceived Social Support Among Mother With Preeclampsia From Southeastern Iran, A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Ahmadinezhad Fatemeh , Nematolahi Azar , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: August 2020

ObjectivePreeclampsia in pregnancy causes severe perinatal complications. Self-care may play a role in improving health, quality of life and reducing health costs. The aim of this study was Effect of Educational Program of Self-Care Behaviors on Perceived Social Support among mother with Preeclampsia.ResultsMean score of self-care, social support and its dimensions in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group [p < 0.05]. In the control group, the correlation between the score of self-care with social support and its dimensions was negative and significant [P < 0.05]. In the intervention group, the correlation between self-care, perceived social support and its dimensions was no significant. The score of self-care and perceived social support increased significantly after intervention. However, the correlation between self-care score and social support in intervention group was not significant.Trial registration number: IRCT20180127038526N1 Registration date: 2018-05-01
Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: A sex-specific results in a west-Asian population
Authors: Mehrabi Fahimeh , Amiri Parisa , Cheraghi Leila , Kheradmand Ali , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: August 2020

Background
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress of the adult participants in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).
Methods
Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of 2469 adult participants aged > 19 (1158 men and 1311 women) from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were examined among different obesity phenotypes in the current study. Weight, height, and waist circumferences of participants were measured by trained personnel. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or diabetes type 2. Finally, four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios.
Results
The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2 ± 15.9 and 45.6 ± 14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience different levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of experiencing higher levels of anxiety were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25–2.54; P = < 0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17–2.21; P = < 0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28–2.34; P = < 0.001) comparing to their MHNO counterparts. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher levels of stress were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.90; P = 0.04), and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07–1.96; P = 0.02) comparing to their MHNO counterparts. No difference in having higher levels of depression was observed in both genders.
Conclusions
Compared to MHNO individuals, MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men reported higher levels of anxiety and stress. The obesity phenotypes were by no means associated with depression in men and women.
Guyanxiao formula antagonizes LPS-induced KOA chondrocyte injury by regulating the SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway1
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shu-guang Zheng , Bao-juan Wang , Lin Wang , Tian-yang Li
Published: August 2020

Background To determine whether Guyanxiao formula protects chondrocytes in a model of knee arthritis induced by lipopolysaccharide, and whether it can repair chondrocyte damage and suppress osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration by regulating SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway.Methods Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induces chondrocytes in vitro to prepare knee osteoarthritis model. Toluidine blue (TBS) staining was used to observe the changes of proteoglycan content of rabbit chondrocytes in order to identify the source of cells. The biochemical detection method was used to determine the content of inflammatory factor nitric oxide (NO) in chondrocytes to identify whether the osteoarthritis chondrocytes were successfully modeled in vitro.The cell proliferation rate was measured by the cell viability test (CCK-8), the concentration with no obvious cytotoxicity was screened, and the low, medium and high dose groups of Guyanxiao formula were established.Immunofluorescence(IF) staining was used to observe the effect of Guyanxiao formula on the content of type Ⅱ collagen in chondrocytes of knee osteoarthritis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to determine the expression of inflammatory factors MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13. The mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results The identify of chondrocytes was confirmed with toluidine blue staining. LPS treatment remarkably increased the NO content, indicating successful noodling of the KOA chondrocyte model. According to the CCK-8 experiment results, 0.36, 3.6, and 36 µg / mL were set as the low, medium, and high dose administration concentrations of ostitis.Immunofluorescence(IF) staining showed that the degree of type Ⅱ collagen damage in each treatment group was improved compared with the model group, and the high concentration group was the most obvious improvement in the Guyanxiao formula treatment group.The levels of MMP-3,MMP-9, MMP-13, and IL-1b were much lower in the Cell supernatant of the each treatment group than in that of model group.The levels of SDF-1, CXCR4, VEGF mRNA and protein were much lower in the Chondrocytes of the each treatment group than in that of model group. In addition, the therapeutic effect of Guyanxiao formula treatment group decreased in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Guyanxiao formula antagonizes LPS-induced KOA chondrocyte injury by regulating the SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway.
Analysis Results of COVID-19 Data by GIS at Different Scales
Authors: li yanxiang , yuan zhanliang , wang qiaoqiao
Published: August 2020

Since the emergence of the new corona virus Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19), it has spread rapidly around the world and has had a serious impact on world economic and social development. In this article, we reviewed the pathogenesis, development process, and the impact and loss of COVID-19 on global human health. Combined with the GIS method, the global distribution of COVID-19 was visualized at multiple scales, and the core areas of the COVID-19 epidemic at different scales were determined. And use the global real-time updated infection data to judge the overall development trend of COVID-19. After visualizing and analyzing the global epidemic data, it was found that the number of patients with COVID-19 at the global scale is still growing at a relatively rapid rate, but the global average mortality rate is drop rapidly. The country with the highest mortality rate at the national scale is 16.24% in Belgium, followed by France and Italy, with mortality rates of 15.31% and 14.4%, respectively. Changes in the number of COVID-19 cases in the United States at the regional scale have a major impact on the global epidemic. Although the mortality rate in the United States is gradually declining, the number of infections and deaths is still increasing at a relatively rapid rate. At the regional scale, the New York epidemic is a hot spot in the United States and should be given high priority.
Effects of Pre-Workout Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Anaerobic Performance: Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study
Authors: Kaczka Piotr , Batra Amit , Kubicka Katarzyna , Maciejczyk Marcin , Rzeszutko-Bełzowska Agata , Pezdan-Śliż Iwona , Michałowska-Sawczyn Monika , Przydział Marta , Płonka Artur , Cięszczyk Paweł , Humińska-Lisowska Kinga , Zając Tomasz
Published: August 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of commercially available pre-workout supplement on anaerobic performance in resistance trained men.Methods: Twenty-three men underwent three testing sessions administrated in a randomized and double-blind fashion separated by a seven-day break. The participants performed three exercise tests: isokinetic strength test, maximal strength test and Wingate test. Statistical analysis was conducted in R environment. Linear mixed models were estimated via R package lme4.Results: The mean knee peak torque was significantly greater in supplemented group for right and left knee flexors (placebo: 103.17 ± 37.61 Nm, and supplemented group: 131.84 ± 29.31 Nm where p=0.001, and placebo: 103.72 ± 39.35, and supplemented group: 129.38 ± 28.44, where p=0.001; respectively) as well as for right and left knee extensors (placebo: 202.65 ± 58.64 Nm, and supplemented group: 237.22 ± 54.75 Nm where p=0.001, and placebo: 203.27 ± 63.2 Nm versus supplemented group: 229.84 ± 50.8 Nm where p=0.002; respectively).The significant difference was observed in mean anaerobic power between supplemented and placebo group for right and left knee flexors (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively) as well as for right and left knee extensors (p=0.001 and p=0.002; respectively).There was also observed that the time to peak torque was significantly greater in supplemented group for right and left knee flexors (p=0.002 for both legs). The significant difference was also observed in mean power between supplemented and placebo group during Wingate test (placebo: 8.49 ± 0.57 W/kg, and supplemented group: 8.66 ± 0.55 W/kg where p=0.038). Moreover the mean 3-RM strength test was significantly greater in supplemented group with p=0.001.Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that the supplement significantly improves upper and lower body strength and power output in resistance trained men.
A prognostic model constructed by CTHRC1 and LRFN4 in Stomach adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Han Songling , Zhu Wei , Guan Qijie , Zhong Zhuoheng , Zhao Ruoke , Xiong Hangming , Fu Hongwei , Hu Xingjiang , Tian Jingkui
Published: August 2020

Background

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is the most common histological type of stomach cancer, which causes a considerable number of deaths worldwide. This study specifically aimed to identify potential biomarkers and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods

Gene expression profiles microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The ‘limma’ R package was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between STAD and matched normal tissues. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for function enrichment analyses of DEGs. The data of STAD cases with both RNA sequencing and clinical information of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained from Genomic Data Commons (GDC) data portal. Survival curves were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression were performed using ‘survival’ package. CIBERSORT algorithm used approach to characterize the 22 human immune cell composition. Gene expression profiles microarray data and clinical information were downloaded from GEO database to validate prognostic model.
Results

Three public datasets including 90 STAD patients and 43 healthy controls were used and 44 genes were differentially expressed in all three datasets. These genes were primarily implicated in biological processes including cell adhesion, wound healing and extracellular matrix organization. Seven out of 44 genes showed significant survival differences based on their expression differences. CTHRC1 and LRFN4 were eventually used to constructed risk score and prognostic model by univariate Cox regression and stepwise multivariate Cox regression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-STAD dataset. The group having high risk scores and the group having low risk scores had significant differences in the infiltration level of multiple immune cells including CD4 memory resting T cells, M2 macrophages, memory B cells, resting dendritic cells, eosinophils, and gamma delta T cells. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk score was an independent predictor after adjusting for age, sex, and tumor stage. At last, the model was verified and evaluated by another independent dataset and showed a good classification effect.
Conclusions

The present study constructed the prognostic model by expression of CTHRC1 and LRFN4 for the first time via comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, which may provide clinical guidance and potential therapeutic targets for STAD.
Heterogeneity in Average Cost per Patient with type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Facilities in Mexico: Comparing Comprehensive Diabetes Management Medical Offices with General Practice
Authors: Colchero M. Arantxa , Gómez Rousellinne , López-Ridaura Ruy , López-Hernández Daniel , Sánchez-Díaz Iyari , Silverman-Retana Omar , Baustista-Arredondo Sergio
Published: August 2020

Background. Despite the high health and financial burden imposed by diabetes in Mexico, few studies have estimated the cost per patient treated. The objective of this study was to estimate the average annual cost per patient (unit cost) with diabetes among 60 primary health facilities in Mexico comparing comprehensive diabetes management medical offices (MIDE) and those from general practice (Non-MIDE). Methods. We described the variation in unit costs across these two types of medical offices and explored factors associated. Unit costs were the sum of staff, medications, laboratory tests, and equipment. We show descriptive statistics to analyze the heterogeneity of unit costs, and the distribution of total costs by input and the distribution of staff costs by personnel all by medical office. We estimated a multivariate linear regression model to explore factors associated with the unit costs. Results. Unit costs vary from $267.2 USD in Non-MIDE offices to $410.6 for MIDE. Unit costs were negatively associated with scale, Non-MIDE offices, medical competence, patient knowledge of diabetes and positively associated with comorbidities. Conclusions. Results from this study might help design more efficient programs for diabetes care in primary health facilities to reduce the burden of diabetes in the system. Investing in staff training and educational interventions to increase patient knowledge of diabetes could be promising interventions to reduce diabetes care costs in primary care settings.
Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score Predicts Short-Term Surgical Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer After Laparoscopy-Assisted Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Qian Yun , Liu Huaying , Pan Junhai , Yu Weihua , Lv Jiemin , Yan Jiafei , Gao Jiaqi , Zhou Wei , Wang Xianfa , Ge Xiaolong
Published: August 2020

Background: The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an emerging nutrition assessment tool that is very useful in patients with gastric cancer who usually experience weight loss and malnutrition. The aim of our study was to assess the predictive ability of the preoperative CONUT score for short-term prognosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 309 patients who underwent curative laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the optimal cutoff value of the CONUT score. The clinical association for the CONUT score, characteristics, and postoperative complications were evaluated and analyzed. The risk factors for complications were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The preoperative CONUT score showed a good predictive ability for postoperative complications (AUC=0.718，Youden index=0.343)，with an optimal cutoff value of 2.5. The patients with high CONUT scores had a higher incidence of overall complications (P<0.001) and mild complications (P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the CONUT score was independently associated with postoperative complications (P=0.012；OR=2.433；95%CI：1.218-4.862).Conclusions：The preoperative CONUT score was identified as a reliable nutritional assessment tool for predicting short-term prognosis in patients with gastric cancer after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.
Hspa4 Knockdown Retarded Progression and Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Dai Weigang , Li Zhanyu , Tang Liang , Chen Jianhui , Chen Chuangqi
Published: August 2020

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4) participate in progression and development of cancers. However, the cellular functions, potential molecular mechanisms of HSPA4 in CRC are still largely unknown.
Methods

In this study, qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to identify the constructed HSPA4 knockdown cell lines, which was further used to construct mouse xenotransplantation models. Effects of HSPA4 knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptotic, cell cycle and migration of CRC were examined using Celigo cell counting assay, Flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. In addition, Human Apoptosis Antibody Array was performed to explore downstream molecular mechanism of HSPA4 in CRC cells.
Results

HSPA4 was overexpressed in CRC, which was positively associated with lymphatic metastasis (N value), number of Lymph node. In addition, high expression of HSPA4 predicted poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Furthermore, HSPA4 knockdown inhibit proliferation, migration, promote apoptosis, and arrest cell cycle of CRC cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo results supported HSPA4 knockdown inhibit tumor growth. Additionally, the induction of apoptosis of CRC cells by HSPA4 knockdown required the participation of a series of apoptosis-related proteins. The downregulation of HSPA4 promoted the progression of CRC cells, which resulted in alterations of PI3K/Akt, CCND1 and CDK6 in downstream signaling pathways.
Conclusions

In sum, the downregulation of HSPA4 promoted CRC and may be a potential target for molecular therapy.
Factors affecting the dividend policy of non-financial joint-stock companies in Ukraine
Authors: Rohov Heorhiy , Kolodiziev Oleh , Shulga Nataliya , Krupka Mykhailo , Riabovolyk Tetiana
Published: August 2020

Dividend policy, as part of corporate governance, is largely dependent on the institutional environment in which companies operate. The study aims to determine factors affecting dividend policy in the conditions of the Ukrainian underdeveloped stock market, legal insecurity of minority shareholders, high cost and concentration of capital. For this purpose, hypotheses about the impact of a company’s financial state, size, business risk, and ownership structure on dividend payments were tested using a sample of 58 Ukrainian non-financial public joint-stock companies and applying Interactive tree classification techniques (C&RT). The resulting classification model for predicting dividend decisions correctly classifies 92.86% of companies that paid dividends and 93.3% of companies that did not. The findings, based on the classification tree and importance scale, prove the hypothesis that companies in which individuals and institutional investors have a controlling interest are more likely to pay dividends than other non-state companies. The financial indicators accurately classify only those firms that do not pay dividends, and business risk does not affect classification accuracy at all. The paper substantiates the ways of using the study findings for economic regulation, protection of minority shareholders’ rights, and proliferation of modern corporate governance practices.
Dexamethasone Versus Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetics in the Ultra-Sound Guided Injection of Piriformis Muscle for the Treatment of Piriformis Syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Awad Alsaeid
Published: August 2020

Background:

Piriformis Syndrome (PS) is an underdiagnosed cause of buttock, thigh and leg pain, most probably because it is thought to be a rare cause of sciatica. PS is widely believed to be myofascial in origin.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study was conducted at the pain management department. 50 patients aged from 20 to 60 years old were included in this study. The selected patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups containing 25 patients each; Group D received a total of 5 mL which included 2mL lidocaine 2%, 2mL (8 mg) dexamethasone and 1mL normal saline 0.9%, and Group M received a total of 5mL which included 2mL lidocaine 2%, 3mL magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (2.5%) . Patients demographic characteristics, baseline physical examination findings of the patients as well as the duration of pain were all recorded. Patients were re-assessed immediately after injection, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the injection. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) values were used at each evaluation time to assess the pain, while patients were in sitting, standing, and lying positions. All patients were assessed immediately and for 4 hours post-injection for any side effects related to the drugs used.

Results:

In the pre-injection time, immediately after and 1 week after injection, there were no statistically significant differences between groups D and M in pain values. While, on comparison between both groups, group M, was significantly better than group D, in NRS values 1 month and 3 months after injection. In group D, pain score values were significantly better immediately, 1 week, and 1 month after injection compared to the pre-injection values, while these values were not significantly different 3 months after injection compared with the pre-injection values. In group M, pain score values were significantly better immediately, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after injection compared to the pre-injection values.

Conclusion:

Magnesium sulfate was more effective, especially for long term pain relief (3 months) when compared to dexamethasone as they were used as adjuvants to lidocaine, if injected into the piriformis muscle (PM) guided by ultrasound in the management of PS refractory as initial conservative treatment.
Влияние разупорядочения тонких поверхностных слоев на электронные и оптические свойства Si (111)
Authors: Умирзаков Б.Е. , Ташмухамедова Д.А. , Ташатов А.К. , Мустафоева Н.М. , Муродкабилов Д.М.
Published: August 2020

Впервые изучены степень разупорядочения, толщина разупорядоченных слоев d и их влияние на ширину запрещенной зоны Eg монокристаллического Si (111) при бомбардировке ионами Ar+. Показано, что значение d при энергиях ионов E0=1 и 2 кэВ составляет ~(100-120) и ~(150-160) Angstrem соответственно. При этом плотность состояний электронов валентной зоны Si (111) существенно изменяется, уменьшается коэффициент пропускания света до K= 55-60%, а значение Eg увеличивается на ~10%. При бомбардировке ионами Ni+ разупорядочение поверхности сопровождается резким изменением состава поверхностных слоев и вследствие этого K уменьшается до 5-10%. После прогрева при T=900 K формируются нанокристаллы (при дозах D≤1015 см-2) и нанопленки NiSi2 (D=6·1016 см-2). Ключевые слова: ионная бомбардировка Si, электронные свойства, оптические свойства, тонкие слои, отжиг.
Зависимость электрофизических характеристик структур металл--сегнетоэлектрик--полупроводник от материала верхнего электрода
Authors: Афанасьев М.С. , Белорусов Д.А. , Киселев Д.А. , Сивов А.А. , Чучева Г.В.
Published: August 2020

Пленки состава Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BST 80/20) синтезированы на кремниевой подложке методом высокочастотного распыления поликристаллической мишени. Представлены результаты исследований состава пленок, электрофизических свойств конденсаторных структур на их основе и зависимости этих свойств от материала верхнего электрода (Al, Cu, Ni, Cr). Ключевые слова: структуры металл--диэлектрик--полупроводник, сегнетоэлектрические пленки состава Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3, микроструктура, электрофизические свойства.
Сравнительные объемные и поверхностные свойства полупроводниковых твердых растворов систем InB-=SUP=-V-=/SUP=--ZnS
Authors: Кировская И.А. , Эккерт Р.В. , Уманский И.Ю. , Эккерт А.О. , Кропотин О.В.
Published: August 2020

В одинаковых условиях изучены объемные (кристаллохимические, структурные) и поверхностные (кислотно-основные) свойства полупроводниковых твердых растворов систем InBV-ZnS, отличающихся бинарными компонентами AIIIBV (InP, InAs). Установлены и обоснованы закономерности изменений изученных свойств с составом, которые носят преимущественно статистический (плавный) характер в системе InP-ZnS и с экстремальными проявлениями в системе InAs-ZnS. Исходные (экспонированные на воздухе) поверхности твердых растворов, как и бинарных компонентов систем, имеют слабокислый характер (pHiso< 7), что позволяет говорить об их повышенной активности по отношению к основным газам. Высказаны и подтверждены соображения о природе активных (кислотно-основных) центров. Установлена связь между поверхностными и объемными свойствами твердых растворов, открывающая возможности прогнозирования и менее затратного поиска новых, эффективных материалов для полупроводникового газового анализа без трудоемких исследований поверхностных свойств. Ключевые слова: полупроводники, твердые растворы, новые материалы, объемные и поверхностные свойства, взаимосвязанные закономерности, полупроводниковый газовый анализ.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sleep Electroencephalogram Device Use in Adolescents: Observational Study
Authors: Lunsford-Avery Jessica R , Keller Casey , Kollins Scott H , Krystal Andrew D , Jackson Leah , Engelhard Matthew M
Published: August 2020

Background

Adolescence is an important life stage for the development of healthy behaviors, which have a long-lasting impact on health across the lifespan. Sleep undergoes significant changes during adolescence and is linked to physical and psychiatric health; however, sleep is rarely assessed in routine health care settings. Wearable sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) devices may represent user-friendly methods for assessing sleep among adolescents, but no studies to date have examined the feasibility and acceptability of sleep EEG wearables in this age group.

Objective

The goal of the research was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of sleep EEG wearable devices among adolescents aged 11 to 17 years.

Methods

A total of 104 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years participated in 7 days of at-home sleep recording using a self-administered wearable sleep EEG device (Zmachine Insight+, General Sleep Corporation) as well as a wristworn actigraph. Feasibility was assessed as the number of full nights of successful recording completed by adolescents, and acceptability was measured by the wearable acceptability survey for sleep. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed separately for the sleep EEG device and wristworn actigraph.

Results

A total of 94.2% (98/104) of adolescents successfully recorded at least 1 night of data using the sleep EEG device (mean number of nights 5.42; SD 1.71; median 6, mode 7). A total of 81.6% (84/103) rated the comfort of the device as falling in the comfortable to mildly uncomfortable range while awake. A total of 40.8% (42/103) reported typical sleep while using the device, while 39.8% (41/103) indicated minimal to mild device-related sleep disturbances. A minority (32/104, 30.8%) indicated changes in their sleep position due to device use, and very few (11/103, 10.7%) expressed dissatisfaction with their experience with the device. A similar pattern was observed for the wristworn actigraph device.

Conclusions

Wearable sleep EEG appears to represent a feasible, acceptable method for sleep assessment among adolescents and may have utility for assessing and treating sleep disturbances at a population level. Future studies with adolescents should evaluate strategies for further improving usability of such devices, assess relationships between sleep EEG–derived metrics and health outcomes, and investigate methods for incorporating data from these devices into emerging digital interventions and applications.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03843762; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03843762
Introduction
Authors: Tahir Gurcaglar Sehnaz
Published: August 2020

Introduction to the special issue on Discourses on Retranslation
That Photo of a Gathering Over Rakı
Authors: Ç. Gökçenur
Published: August 2020

Translation
Association of Substance Use and Gender Based Violence among Students in a Tertiary Institution in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: P Otambo , J. Mbui , L. Ongeri , D. Kokonya
Published: August 2020

Background: Substance use among college and university students remains an important area of research due to the implications of early substance dependence on the future of the youth. Prior studies from various settings indicate relatively high rates of substance use among students in tertiary educational institutions. However most of these studies were based on tertiary institutions in urban settings, and few have examined substance use and its association with Gender based violence. Objective: Study aim was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with substance abuse among students, and their relationship with Gender Based Violence in a tertiary institution in a relatively rural setting. Methods: The study was conducted in November 2018 after obtaining the relevant approval from KEMRI and from the university administration. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was collected using self-reported questionnaires across all the faculties among first to fourth year students. Focus group discussions were held with a group of students and Key informant interviews were also held with the institutional administrators and student leaders. Results: A total of 412 university students completed the questionnaires. Majority were males at 57.9% and average age was 21 years. The overall prevalence of substance use was 21.1% and the most commonly used substance was alcohol at 25%. The study found out that 90% of the participants had their first time use of substances between ages of 12-20 years with median age of 18 years.
Penerapan Metode UCD (User Centered Design) pada Perancangan aplikasi Fitur Darurat
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Marthasari Gita Indah , Nuryasin Ilyas
Published: August 2020

AbstrakKasus bencana alam atau kecelakaan yang sering terjadi di Indonesia menimbulkan banyaknya nyawa korban yang melayang, hal ini dikarenakan keterlambatan dalam hal pertolongan utama, selain itu banyak dari masyarakat yang tidak tahu informasi mengenai instansi atau nomor telepon darurat yang harus dihubungi ketika dalam keadaan darurat.Kecanggihan teknologi yang semakin berkembang pesat mampu memberikan inovasi terbaru sehingga menciptakan telepon pintar (Smartphone). Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan teknologi yang ada adalah dengan cara menciptakan sebuah aplikasi darurat untuk menangani berbagai macam kasus seperti bencana alam, kriminal, kecelakaan, dan kebakaran.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan rancangan sistem aplikasi darurat dengan metode User Centered Design (UCD) untuk menganalisa kebutuhan sistem dan desain terdiri dari fitur, tata letak, huruf, ukuran huruf, dan warna, lalu menggunakan metode Waterfall untuk implementasi sistemnya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi darurat yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna terdiri dari fitur kondisi, panggil, berita, petunjuk arah, share facebook, login, daftar, dan edit profile, lalu untuk desain sistem pengguna memilih huruf Times New Roman, ukuran huruf sedang, serta warna biru tua, biru muda, dan putih.Abstract Due to the delay of giving the first aid, the case of natural disasters and accidents that frequently happened in Indonesia cause the rise of fatalities. Besides, there are a lot of people who lack information about where and who to contact when they are in an emergency situation. Indeed, nowadays, technology is rapidly growing that it is able to provide innovations. The latest innovation that is created is the smartphone. Creating an application−that helps to handle various cases such as natural disaster, crime, accident, as well as fire−in a smartphone is one of the existing uses of technology.  As for the main purpose of this research is to generate the design of the emergency application system with User-Centered Design (USD) method to analyze system needs. The design itself consists of the feature, layout, font, size of the font, and color. In addition, for system implementation, Waterfall method is used. As a final product, this research produces a useful emergency application that suits the users’ needs. The application comes with many features: conditions, calls, news, directions, share to Facebook, log in, sign up, and edit profile. On the system design, the users can choose Times New Roman font, medium font size, and colors in dark blue, light blue, and white.