bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BINÔMES ET POLYNÔMES DANS LA "CHANÇUN D’WILLAME"
Authors: PAPAHAGI Cristiana
Published: March 2021

Binomials and Polynomials in the Chançun d’Willame. The paper explores binomial constructions (a common stylistic feature of all European medieval literatures) in the Old French epic poem Chançun d’Willame (c. 1200). It analyses the frequency, position, internal structure, and degree of variation of this figure in the poem’s two parts, and compares them to binomial constructions in the Song of Roland, and in romances from the same period. The paper shows that, at a micro-level, this stylistic figure is yet another feature distinguishing the two parts of the William poem. In the more archaïc part, binomials are rigid and formulaic, while in the more recent, romance-like part, they are flexible and creative. At the macro-level, binomial constructions are similarly used (often to achieve assonance) in this poem and in Roland, but differently in the romances. Binomials thus belong to the complex system of formal clues that characterise a medieval “genre”.
REZUMAT. Construcții binomiale și polinomiale în Cântarea despre Guillaume. Articolul studiază construcțiile binomiale (o figură stilistică frecventă în toate literaturile europene medievale) în poemul epic francez Chançun d’Willame (circa 1200). Analiza urmărește frecvența, poziția în vers, structura internă și gradul de variație al acestei figuri de stil la nivelul întregului poem și separat în cele două părți constitutive ale acestuia, făcând și o comparație cu construcțiile binomiale din Cântarea lui Roland și din câteva romane din aceeași perioadă. Articolul demonstrează, la nivel micro, că această figură este un alt criteriu pentru a deosebi cele două părți ale textului despre Guillaume (în prima parte, arhaică, figura este folosită ca o „formulă”, pe când în partea a doua, mai modernă și influențată de roman, ea este mai flexibilă și creativă), iar la nivel macro, că binomialele și polinomialele din Guillaume și Roland se aseamănă ca formă și funcție textuală (în principal pentru asonanță), dar diferă de forma și funcția lor în romane. Astfel, construcțiile binomiale fac și ele parte din complexul sistem de indicii formale care constituie un „gen” literar medieval.
Cuvinte-cheie: structură binară, construcție binomială, Cântarea despre Guillaume, chanson de geste, asonanță
JAMES BALDWIN’S "GIOVANNI’S ROOM" (1956) AS A TRANSGRESSIVE WHITE-LIFE NOVEL
Authors: BERCUCI Loredana
Published: March 2021

James Baldwin’s Giovanni’s Room (1956) as a Transgressive White-Life Novel. In the wake of the Second World War, American literature saw the rise of a type of novel that is little known today: the white-life novel. This type of novel is written by black writers but describes white characters acting in a mostly white milieu. While at the time African-American critics praised this new way of writing as a sign of maturity, many have since criticized it for being regressive by pandering to white tastes. This paper sets out to analyze the most famous of these novels, namely James Baldwin’s Giovanni’s Room (1956). It is my contention that Giovanni’s Room connects blackness and queerness through the use of visual metaphors in the novel, disrupting thus the post-war consensus on ideals of white masculinity. The novel, while seemingly abandoning black protagonists, enacts a subtle critique of white heteronormativity akin to Baldwin’s own positioning within American thought of the post-war era.
REZUMAT. Giovanni’s Room (1956) de James Baldwin ca roman white-life transgresiv. În perioada de după al Doilea Război Mondial, în literatura americană a apărut un nou tip de roman, puțin cunoscut astăzi: romanul white-life. Acest tip de roman, scris de autori de culoare, se diferenția de literatura Afro-Americană din acea perioadă prin protagoniștii săi albi. Mulți dintre intelectualii Afro-Americani din acea vreme au apreciat acest tip de literatură, văzându-l-l ca pe un semn al maturității culturale. Alți critici, mai ales cei de mai târziu, au criticat-o ca fiind regresivă, încercând să satisfacă gusturile populației albe. Acest studiu analizează cel mai cunoscut dintre aceste romane, anume romanul Giovanni’s Room (1956) de James Baldwin, argumentând că acesta stabilește o conexiune între rasă și cultura queer prin metaforele vizuale folosite. Astfel, romanul pune sub semnul întrebării noțiunile legate de rasa albă și masculinitate din acea perioadă. Acest proces oglindește poziția autorului în cultura americană, concretizând-se într-o critică subtilă a mentalității americane din a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea.
Cuvinte-cheie: de culoare, James Baldwin, literatura americană post-1945, roman white-life
IL NOSTRO LESSICO È DIVENTATO “VIRALE”. IL VOCABOLARIO DELL’EMERGENZA SANITARIA, ECONOMICA E SOCIALE AI TEMPI DELLA PANDEMIA DI COVID-19
Authors: PAPP Judit
Published: March 2021

Our Lexicon Has Gone “Viral.” The Vocabulary of the Health, Economic and Social Emergency at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis which has radically changed our lives. Its impact goes far beyond the health sector, affecting all aspects of the society and of our lives, including our vocabulary. Since its outbreak it has led to thousands of newly coined words and expressions (neologisms) both in English and in other languages. This paper explores the linguistic impact of the pandemic on the Hungarian language compared to Italian and English and offers an overview of the most frequent or of the linguistically most interesting Hungarian neologisms and expressions related to Coronavirus (COVID-19). The analysis is performed on a trilingual glossary (Hungarian-Italian-English) created by the author and published on Lexonomy.eu. The glossary was compiled containing those common terms that are important for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic. This study would suggest that the most frequently occurring word formation processes of the Hungarian neologisms related to the pandemic are compounding, syntagms, blending, derivation and semantic extension.
REZUMAT. Lexiconul nostru a devenit „viral.” Vocabularul urgenţelor medicale, economice şi sociale în timpul pandemiei de COVID-19. Pandemia de COVID-19 este o criză sanitară la nivel global care ne-a schimbat în mod radical vieţile. Impactul ei se extinde mult dincolo de sectorul sanitar, afectând fiecare aspect al societăţii şi al vieţii noastre cotidiene, inclusiv vocabularul pe care îl utilizăm. Din momentul declanşării sale, criza a dus la mii de cuvinte şi expresii nou inventate (neologisme), atât în engleză, cât şi în alte limbi. Prezenta lucrare propune o analiză a impactului pandemiei asupra limbii maghiare, în comparație cu fenomenele similare înregistrate în limbile italiană și engleză, conturând o imagine de ansamblu a celor mai frecvente sau mai interesante neologisme şi expresii maghiare privitoare la Coronavirus (COVID-19). Analiza a fost efectuată în baza unui glosar trilingv (maghiar-italian-englez) creat de autoare şi publicat pe Lexonomy.eu. Glosarul a fost compilat în așa fel încât să conţină termenii comuni importanţi pentru înţelegerea pandemiei COVID-19. Studiul de față sugerează că cele mai des întâlnite procese de formare a neologismelor maghiare cu privire la pandemie sunt compunerea, sintagmele, telescoparea, derivarea şi extinderea semantică.
Cuvinte-cheie: neologisme, inovare lexicală, coroneologisme, împrumut, formare de cuvinte, coronavirus, impact lingvistic al COVID-19, pandemie
La Argentina tras la Ley de Identidad de Género
Authors: Manca María Eugenia
Published: March 2021

Pese a que en la Argentina la Ley de Identidad de Género tiene ya nueve años, aún no se ha podido garantizar una igualdad social real para el colectivo trans-travesti. En este trabajo se analiza la argumentación de las principales organizaciones LGBTTI+ en discursos en los que dan cuenta de esta realidad y justifican la necesidad de continuar luchando por una verdadera inclusión. Para ello, se estudia cómo la construcción del ethos de cada agente se articula con otros componentes de su argumentación para lograr un discurso eficaz.
BENTUK TANGGUNG JAWAB KONSTITUSI PEMERINTAH TERHADAP KELOMPOK PENYELENGGARA PEMUNGUTAN SUARA (KPPS) DALAM PEMILU 2019: TRAGEDI DEMOKRASI PEMILU
Authors: Tajaswari Visi Jiwa , Asmorojati Anom Wahyu
Published: March 2021

This writing aims to determine the form of Government accountability to KPPS who died in the implementation of the 2019 General Election based on Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections, and aims to determine the form of legal protection for KPPS officers assigned to the 2019 Election based on Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections. The type of research used in the preparation of this paper is a normative legal research method, this research is only aimed at written regulations so that this research is closely related to libraries that require secondary data in the library. The data collection method used in the preparation of this paper is the literature study method, the data analysis carried out in the preparation of this paper is a qualitative descriptive method which aims to reveal events or facts, circumstances, phenomena, variables and circumstances that occurred during the research by presenting what actually happened. The results of this study are a form of government accountability to KPPS officers who died in the 2019 Election in the form of compensation worth 36 million rupiah, this compensation is given to the families of victims who have been left behind. This proposal regarding the nominal compensation money is proposed by the KPU and approved by the Ministry of Finance. The compensation is given directly by the Ministry of Finance to be submitted through the KPU and also BAWASLU as the party with the authority to hand over the compensation to the victim's family. Legal protection for KPPS which is assigned to hold the 2019 Election, namely, is stated in the 1945 Constitution Article 28D paragraph (1) regarding equality before the law to obtain protection without discrimination.
DEMONETIZATION IMPACT OVER BANKING LOANS & ADVANCES-A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Cihan University, Erbil, Kurdistan-Iraq, NARSAIAH Neralla
Published: March 2021

The demonetization footstep by the Government of India twisted complicated influences in the economy. Complete sectors of the economy had faced and produced mixed sensation results over the decision of demonetization. India’s financial services struggled with demonetization; on the other hand, demonetization affects utmost over the banking sector because it is substantial influenced services to transform money circulation in an Indian economy. Eradicating components of currency notes from circulation in an economy is demonetization. It is as the processes of components of money are denied the status of legal tender. Consequently, ceased currency notes will not be account as valid currency in an economy. The term ‘demonetization’ is an instrument to shrink Inflation, Black Money, Corruption and terror funding, this step discourages a cash dependent economy in India. Government of India drive towards demonetization has given a strong push to the popularity of digital banking and made helps with the alternative arrangements of e-banking and e –wallet to trade and commerce. Exploring the demonetization emergence in an economy and impact on banking services ecosystem dynamics, this study take an abductive approach anchored in over 4 years of case study data regarding. The present study foremost intention is to be analyzing the demonetization impact over banking loans and advances. In this regard the present study is to be examining the pre demonetization and post demonetization period
WETLANDS DEGRADATION AND CONVERSION DUE TO URBANISATION IN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION: ACUTE PROBLEMS WITH LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Department of Economics, S.K.Somaiya College,  Mumbai University, Mumbai, India, RODE Sanjay
Published: March 2021

Wetlands are providing ecosystem services to human communities. They support food production, water treatment and water supply, flood control, fishing, recreation and wildlife habitat. But wetlands area is shrinking very fast all over to world due to high urbanization. In developing countries, the destruction of wetlands is widely observed. In India, the wetlands area, size and number is declining very fast due to population growth and urbanization. Mumbai Metropolitan Region is not exception to this phenomenon. The wetland area is significantly declining in all suburbs of region over the period of time. The ordinary least square regression result shows that solid waste, agriculture and other land is negatively co-related to wetland in all suburbs of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. In all the suburbs, the wetland and forest land is converted for built up area. There is huge loss is earned annually and in past due to wetlands destruction in Mumbai suburb, Thane and Uran in region. The maximum loss is incurred for recreation and flood control. Therefore immediate policies are required to protect wetlands in region. State government should come out with future plans, legislation and co-ordination among various bodies, NGO’s to protect wetlands in region. The protection, scientific conservation of wetlands will improve wetlands related services and welfare of people in region
CAUSE-RELATED MARKETING UNDER THE LENS OF FUNDRAISING METHODS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, ȘEULEAN (VONȚEA) Andreea-Angela
Published: March 2021

The nonprofit sector and the organizations that define it are characterized by a particular approach. In this regard, NGOs’ overall activity is strongly influenced by their ability of financing it through a generous palette of fundraising methods. The current paper is centered on one of the most used ones, namely the one of cause-related marketing. In this regard, it could be assumed that it acts as a connecting element between the represented social cause and the financial support that could be obtained through financial means from a corporate entity that decides to integrate its own brand image. Moreover, given the fact that it is transaction-based, the fundraising method under discussion requires the presence of a third-party, namely the one of the consumer that decides to support the social cause represented by the nonprofit organization that involves itself in such a mutually beneficial program.
USE OF "THE LOWEST PRICE" AWARD CRITERION IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN ROMANIA
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, PREDA Ionel , SIMION Cezar-Petre ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: March 2021

Taking into account the very large sums being spent through the Romanian public procurement system (approximately 8% of the GDP), analysing the award criteria used in the procurement procedures is an important element that influences the achievement of the economic and social efficiency of procurement. The article describes the criteria for public procurement award in Romania, focusing on the most used criterion, namely the lowest price. It also presents the advantages and disadvantages of using this criterion, statistical situations at national and European level, the difficulties encountered in using this criterion by contracting authorities and the vulnerabilities of tenderers participating in the procurement procedures which use for the award the criterion under consideration.
IMPACT OF ONSITE HEALTH CARE CENTERS ON JOB SATISFACTION IN ARMED CONFLICT SOCIETIES: THE ZIMBABWEAN WAR OF LIBERATION PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Julius Nyerere School of Social Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe, NYANGA Takupiwa , SIBANDA Rosemary ,   Graduate School of Management and Leadership, University of KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa
Published: March 2021

Employee wellness is one of the key and most essential antecedents to employee and organizational performance. Organisational performance heavily depends on the health and wellness of employees and their attitude towards their work. The study explored the relationship between wellness programs and job satisfaction for workers in armed conflict societies. The study focused on one wellness program; that is the establishment of organizational onsite health centers. A quantitative research methodology was employed to carry out the study. A questionnaire was used to solicit data from 50 people who witnessed or directly or indirectly participated in the war of liberation in Zimbabwe and the civil war in Mozambique. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The study established that there is a strong relationship between the establishment of onsite health centers and job satisfaction. All the major services of health clinics such as provision of health services to the injured during the war, provision of counseling services, provision of physical fitness programs and provision of ill-health prevention services showed a strong relationship with job satisfaction. It was recommended that all organizations operating in armed conflict societies should establish health centers within their premises to provide health services to the physically and emotionally injured employees.
EMPLOYEES’ COMPETENCE AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF SELECTED HOTELS IN KEFFI
Authors:   Federal University Kashere, Gombe State-Nigeria, OGAJI Salim Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Differential quality in services rendered by hotels at different occasions have left many customers unhappy and also not wanting to return to such hotels again. Since employees’ performances translate to that of the firm, this study therefore sought to examine the effect of employees’ competence on performance of selected hotels in Keffi. Five (5) hotels were purposively selected and a questionnaire were issued to a total of one hundred and five (105) employees of selected hotels. Date were analyzed using correlation and simple regression analysis with the aid of STATA13 software. The study found a positive relationship between competence and firms’ performance. Also, the study found employees’ competence to have positive and significant effect on performance of selected hotels and hence the study recommended that management of hotels should adopt the on-the-job training and also job rotation training methods so as to equip employees with required competence to perform at whichever unit they may find themselves.
OBSTRUCTIONS TO JOB SATISFACTION: VOICES OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISE EMPLOYEES IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN ZIMBABWE
Authors:   Julius Nyerere School of Social Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe, Nyanga Takupiwa
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate job satisfaction problems faced by employees in Manufacturing Small to Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). A qualitative research methodology was utilized to carry out the study. Interviews were conducted on 50 participants who were selected from MSMEs in Masvingo urban. Thematic data analysis method was employed to analyze data. The study established that job satisfaction among MSMEs employees was extremely low and needed to be addressed as prompt as possible so as to reduce its negative ramifications to MSMEs. MSMEs’ poor financial performance, operating in distressed economic environment, failure by management to develop strategies of propelling employee satisfaction, unitary approach to labor relations, social problems, failure to develop a safe and secure work environment were some of the impediments to job satisfaction. The study concluded that job satisfaction challenges are some of the key issues that need to be addressed since they directly affect organizational performance and growth.
ASSESING THE BUCHAREST’S PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK BY USING THE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT TOOL
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, DINULESCU Ruxandra , BUGHEANU Alexandru-Mihai ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, PRIOTEASA Adina-Liliana ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2021

The Bucharest public transport networks need to establish innovative strategies in order to improve their overall service quality. Therefore, in order to accomplish this objective, the current study will evaluate public transport customer demands applying the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Furthermore, the research aims to highlight user requirements and to evaluate an appropriate strategy to improve the current public transport services. Thus, for determining the users’ satisfaction, a survey with a sample of 175 respondents was carried out, and the outcomes of the survey were used as input data for defining the QFD method. The objective of this paper is to present the public bus transport users’ demands, as well as alternatives to improve the main weakness noticed in the bus transportation system. In addition, the article will present a short review of the literature and the research methodology for the QFD. The key findings of this study will focus on presenting, based on the QFD methodology, the main projects that need to be started, in order to improve a part of the main users’ dissatisfaction regarding the public bus network.
THE IMPACT OF ERP AUDIT ON MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF LEBANON
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, SERHAN Ali
Published: March 2021

Fraud scandals have had a negative impact on the public’s confidence in financial reporting hence impacting auditing professions. The role of continuous auditing is to ensure auditing credibility and meet Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) requirements. The research intends to give a literature review on the topic as well as address the models, concepts and implications of continuous auditing. The research aims to study the impact of ERP systems in conducting auditing practices in the organizations. Both primary and secondary data had been implemented to ensure outcomes accuracy. The primary data included a designed questionnaire to collect data and then analyzing them using the SPSS statistical tool. As for the secondary data it is addressed through empirical literature review. The findings proved that there is a positive significant relationship between both ERP and conducting auditing practices in the company, the higher the ERP systems are practiced the higher the auditing practices will be implemented in an efficient and effective way.
DETERMINING THE MAIN CAUSES THAT LEAD TO CYBERSECURITY RISKS IN SMES
Authors:   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, Mitrofan Andrei-Laurențiu , CRUCERU Elena-Veronica ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, BARBU Andreea ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2021

The online environment brings business opportunities and connections that can help the development of small and medium companies, but it also contains many risks. The objectives proposed for this research are to identify the main concerns of entrepreneurs regarding cybersecurity and to determine the main causes of cybersecurity risks in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To determine the main causes that lead to the emergence of existing cybersecurity risks in SMEs, the authors conducted primary research, using the survey method through an online questionnaire. Among the research results it can be mentioned the need to strengthen the defense structure against cyberattacks for SMEs. The authors highlighted the issues related to the low level of preparation that entrepreneurs have regarding cyber threats because in a dynamic environment, such as cyberspace, the most vulnerable companies are those that do not invest in the cybersecurity structure.
SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR DELECTATION IN SMEs IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe, Nyanga Takupiwa , Chindanya Andrew ,   Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Published: March 2021

Sexual harassment at workplaces significantly infringes the fundamental rights of both men and women to gender equality and social justice. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sexual harassment at workplaces significantly affects job satisfaction among workers in SMEs in the construction industry. The study employed a purely qualitative research methodology to carry out the study. Convenience sampling technique was employed to select the 50 (fifty) participants who took part in the study. All the 50 workers who participated in the study were drawn from ten (10) SME construction companies in the city of Masvingo in Zimbabwe. Data was solicited using a 14-item face to face interview guide which was developed by the researcher. Data was analyzed and interpreted using the thematic data analysis method. The study established that sexual harassment at workplaces directly and indirectly affects workers in the construction industry’s job satisfaction levels. Sexual harassment at workplaces results in decreased work performance; increased absenteeism, loss of job or career, loss of income, being objectified and humiliated, loss of trust in the types of people that occupy similar positions as the harasser or his or her colleagues. Sexual harassment also leads to psychological disorders of victims. All the effects of sexual harassment negatively affect job satisfaction for workers in the construction industry. The study recommended that all arms of government responsible for enforcing sexual harassment laws and regulations should closely monitor sexual harassment activities in organizations and impose prohibitive sanctions upon the perpetrators. Organizations should also punish all the perpetrators of sexual harassment at workplaces.
Factors of interregional poverty differentiation: Absolute and deprivation approaches
Authors: PASTUKHOVA Elena Ya. , MOROZOVA Elena A. , EGOROVA Natal'ya M.
Published: March 2021

Subject. This article examines the socio-demographic and economic factors of interregional differentiation of absolute poverty and material deprivation in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the changes in the poverty rate and identify socio-demographic and economic factors of interregional differentiation of poverty by income and material deprivation. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of correlation analysis, synthesis, and comparison. Results. The article reveals a persistent direct relationship between absolute poverty, the prevalence of material deprivation, and certain factors. Conclusions. Regional policies to reduce absolute and deprivation poverty should be based on understanding the various factors that cause poverty, and using effective aid tools.
In-silico molecular docking analysis of some plant derived molecules for anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity
Authors: Thamaraiselvi L. , Selvankumar T. , Wesely E.G. , Kumar N. Vinod
Published: March 2021

Herbs are essential resources for drug discovery. However, numerous challenges stand in front of the scientific community to discover novel drugs from herbs. To explore the validation behind the precious knowledge of traditional medicine, we focused on achieving virtual screening to detect the potential medicines from the herbs.  Five bioactive compounds from known anti-inflammatory medicinal plants were examined through molecular docking against  cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), using AutoDock 4.2. The docking of selected ligands with COX-2 showed the binding energy varying from -6.15 Kcal/mol to ‑11.24 Kcal/mol. The docking energies of identified ligands with iNOS were generated ranges from -3.85kcal/mol to -6.99 kcal/mol.  Among the tested ligands, it was noted that 6 urs-12-en-24-oic acid showed the best binding energy than other compounds with the lowest binding energy and highest binding affinity with both anti-inflammatory target proteins COX-2 and iNOS. The in silico study validates the potential phytochemical compound of the medicinal herb that contribute to anti-inflammatory activity with low toxicity and minimal side effects.
Association between Smartphone Addiction and Physical Activity, Sleeping Hours among Medical Science Students in Duhok City
Authors: Abdullah Rebar Y. , Galary Kawther M. , Majid Robar A.
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Smartphones become a part of today’s life. In spite of the convenience, it contributes to our daily lives and activities, one of the most important problems is smartphone addiction. As known, smartphone addiction is a type of technological addiction or non-substance addiction. The present study is to investigate the association between smartphone addiction and physical activity, sleeping hours among medical science students in Duhok City.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study design carried out with 295 students in medical science colleges in the Duhok City of both gender. Self-reported data collected from December 15, 2019, to January 22, 2020. Structured questionnaire has been used to gather data related to sociodemographic, physical activity, sleeping hours, and smartphone addiction.Results: The study found most students, 78.3% have smartphone addiction, 78% of medical science students are at low physical activity range, and only 2% of students are at normal physical activity range, also revealed 20% of students were inactive. According to daily sleeping hours, more than half of them, 61.7% were in a healthy range of sleeping; however, no statistically significant association found between smartphone addiction with physical activity, sleeping hours while finding a highly statistically significant association between smartphone addiction with gender.Conclusion: The current study figure out smartphone addiction prevalence was very high among medical science college students. Smartphone addiction showed an effect in increasing sedentary health behavior like low physical activity and poor sleeping quality with no statistically significant association.
تأثير المعايير المحاسبية الاسلامية الصادرة عن هيئة المحاسبة والمراجعة AAIOFI عن جودة التقارير المالية
Authors: حمدامين هاوار غفور , عزیز تافگه‌ مهدی , برایموك میخائیل حنا
Published: March 2021

لقد تعامل الفكر الإسلامي مع الجوانب الاقتصادية لحياة الناس من مختلف جوانب الإسلام النظرية والعلمية وهو نهج متكامل لحياة شاملة ولجميع جوانب الحياة وقانونه صالح لجميع الأوقات والأماكن ، وهو قانون يعتمد الناس عليه ويستند إلى مجموعة من القواعد الثابتة وهذا يعطي وصفة صعبة لأنهم يتركون الفروع والتفاصيل للتكيف مع الظروف وهذا يمنحهم المرونة. وتهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على تأثير معايير المحاسبة الإسلامية الصادرة من AAIOFI حول جودة التقارير المالية ، خلصت الدراسة إلى اقتراح مجموعة من التوصيات والاقتراحات لإعداد تقرير مالي محاسبي من منظورسلامي.
Role of Reducing Profit Management Practices on Tax Evasion in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Saeed Luqman M. , Khedher Rukhsar O.
Published: March 2021

The primary objective of accounting, as an information system, is the measurement and delivery of data and information to the decision makers of users. Among the users, there are the financial authority of the appraisers and the tax examination procedures. However, the pursuit of some companies management to adopt procedures that would get illegal gains in so-called earnings management procedures. These procedures would work to create a gap in confidence in the services provided by the accounting profession. This situation causes suspicious cases on financial statements prepared by these services in the regard of official government bodies for tax function. The researcher reached, through the theoretical and practical aspects, certain conclusions. The most important of which is the earning management practiced today by companies in Iraqi Kurdistan Region to reduce the real profit in order to avoid the tax imposed on them. The alternatives in the accounting treatments and flexibility in the accounting standards is not the way paved to earningsmanagement practices if the accountant does not respect the rules and ethics of the their profession, choosing the inappropriate alternative to the nature of the company’s activity. Another conclusion is the existence of collusion between the external auditors and the taxpayer’s company.
Accordingly, the study recommended that the concerned bodies should ensure that earnings management is not practiced by companies. The need of awareness is raised about earning management and negative effects on companies. The need to maintain a single accounting process is relevant and not change it without the approval of the competent authorities. it is necessary to emphasis on company governance and not to allow the collusion between the auditors and the taxpayer’s companies, activating the role of the association of accountants and auditors, in order to advancement of the profession as well as to defend the accountants members in case of facing pressures from the owners to manipulate and cheating.
PACIFIC SOLUTION POLICY: MENGGUGAT TANGGUNG JAWAB AUSTRALIA DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI
Authors: Puspita Natalia Yeti , Nur Halima Annisa Irina
Published: March 2021

As one of the countries which is ratifying the 1951 Refugeee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, Australia has an obligation to protect refugees and guarantee their rights as stated in the provisions. With the issuance of the Pacific Solution Policy by the Australian Government to restrict refugees who come to Australia, Australia has reneged on international treaties on the protection of refugees that have been ratified. Based on the results of normative juridical research which is used in this paper, it can be seen that the state sovereignty principle which is used as the legal basis for implementing the policy cannot necessarily erase the obligations that have been imposed on it, especially with the development of the current understanding of the state sovereignty principle that links human rights protection. In addition, the attachment to international agreements that have been agreed based on the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda becomes the basis for strengthening legitimacy that the Australian Government can be held responsibility in connection with the implementation of the Pacific Solution Policy in the handling of refugees in Australia.
PELARANGAN PENGGUNAAN NARKOTIKA GOLONGAN I BAGI LAYANAN KESEHATAN DILIHAT DARI PERLINDUNGAN HAK ATAS KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Benartin Bernardinus Putra , Fransiska Asmin
Published: March 2021

Penggunaan narkotika Golongan I tidak semakin menurun walaupun diiringi dengan hukuman pidana penjara yang tinggi. UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika menerapkan pidana minimum atas penguasaan, kepemilikan dan pengguna narkotika Golongan I juga mengatur sanksi rehabilitasi bagi pengguna narkotika. Akses atas layanan kesehatan bagi yang membutuhkan zat untuk kesehatan yang masuk dalam golongan I menjadi terlanggar dengan adanya ketentuan Pasal 8 UU No. 35 Tahun 2009. Persoalan lebih pelik lagi adalah dengan larangan dilakukannya riset dalam kerangka ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini menyebabkan, banyak kasus penggunaan zat yang masuk ke dalam Golongan I dengan alasan kesehatan bagi diri sendiri atau bagi orang lain masuk ke dalam proses hukum pidana. Konstitusi Indonesia memberikan jaminan atas perlindungan hak atas kesehatan yang harus diberikan tanpa kecuali. Pelaggaran atas akses layanan kesehatan tanpa alternatif dengan menutup ruang untuk melakukan penelitian atas zat-zat baik tanaman ataupun non-tanaman bagi pengembangan ilmu penegtahuan medis menyebabkan pelanggaran terhadap Konstitusi dan tanggungjawab negara dalam pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah normatif yuridis dengan mencari doktrin hukum.
Recent results in trapped-ion quantum computing at NIST
Authors: Kielpinski D. , Ben-Kish A. , Britton J. , Meyer V. , Rowe M.A. , Itano W.M. , Wineland D.J. , Sackett C. , Monroe C.
Published: March 2021

We review recent experiments on entanglement, Bell's inequality, and decoherence-free subspaces in a quantum register of trapped {9Be+} ions. We have demonstrated entanglement of up to four ions using the technique of Molmer and Sorensen. This method produces the state ({|\uparrow\uparrow\rangle}+{|\downarrow\downarrow\rangle})/\sqrt{2} for two ions and the state ({\downarrow}{\downarrow}{\downarrow}{\downarrow} \rangle + | {\uparrow}{\uparrow}{\uparrow}{\uparrow} \rangle)/\sqrt{2} for four ions. We generate the entanglement deterministically in each shot of the experiment. Measurements on the two-ion entangled state violates Bell's inequality at the 8\sigma level. Because of the high detector efficiency of our apparatus, this experiment closes the detector loophole for Bell's inequality measurements for the first time. This measurement is also the first violation of Bell's inequality by massive particles that does not implicitly assume results from quantum mechanics. Finally, we have demonstrated reversible encoding of an arbitrary qubit, originally contained in one ion, into a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) of two ions. The DFS-encoded qubit resists applied collective dephasing noise and retains coherence under ambient conditions 3.6 times longer than does an unencoded qubit. The encoding method, which uses single-ion gates and the two-ion entangling gate, demonstrates all the elements required for two-qubit universal quantum logic.
Dogma and heresy in quantum computing
Authors: DiVincenzo D.P.
Published: March 2021

Important new ideas for the physical implementation of quantum computers are reviewed.
Construction of a silicon-based solid state quantum computer
Authors: Dzurak A.S. , Simmons M.Y. , Hamilton A.R. , Clark R.G. , Brenner R. , Buehler T.M. , Curson N.J. , Gauja E. , McKinnon R.P. , Macks L.D. , Mitic M. , O’brien J.L. , Oberbeck L. , Reilly D.J. , Schofield S.R. , Stanley F.E.
Published: March 2021

We discuss progress towards the fabrication and demonstration of a prototype silicon-based quantum computer. The devices are based on a precise array of 31P dopants embedded in 28Si. Fabrication is being pursued via two complementary pathways – a ‘top-down’ approach for near-term production of few-qubit demonstration devices and a ‘bottom-up’ approach for large-scale qubit arrays. The ‘top-down’ approach employs ion implantation through a multi-layer resist structure which serves to accurately register the donors to metal control gates and single-electron transistor (SET) read-out devices. In contrast the ‘bottom-up’ approach uses STM lithography and epitaxial silicon overgrowth to construct devices at an atomic scale. Techniques for qubit read-out, which utilise coincidence measurements on novel twin-SET devices, are also presented.
Quantum vernam cipher
Authors: Leung D. W.
Published: March 2021

We discuss aspects of secure quantum communication by proposing and analyzing a quantum analog of the Vernam cipher (one-time-pad). The quantum Vernam cipher uses entanglement as the key to encrypt quantum information sent through an insecure quantum channel. First, in sharp contrast with the classical Vernam cipher, the quantum key can be recycled securely. We show that key recycling is intrinsic to the quantum cipher-text, rather than using entanglement as the key. Second, the scheme detects and corrects for arbitrary transmission errors, and it does so using only local operations and classical communication (LOCC) between the sender and the receiver. The application to quantum message authentication is discussed. Quantum secret sharing schemes with similar properties are characterized. We also discuss two general issues, the relation between secret communication and secret sharing, the classification of secure communication protocols.
Counting, fanout and the complexity of quantum ACC
Authors: Green F. , Homer S. , Moore C. , Pollett C.
Published: March 2021

We propose definitions of QAC^0, the quantum analog of the classical class AC^0 of constant-depth circuits with AND and OR gates of arbitrary fan-in, and QACC[q], the analog of the class ACC[q] where Mod_q gates are also allowed. We prove that parity or fanout allows us to construct quantum MOD_q gates in constant depth for any q, so QACC[2] = QACC. More generally, we show that for any q,p > 1, MOD_q is equivalent to MOD_p (up to constant depth and polynomial size). This implies that QAC^0 with unbounded fanout gates, denoted QACwf^0, is the same as QACC[q] and QACC for all q. Since \ACC[p] \ne ACC[q] whenever p and q are distinct primes, QACC[q] is strictly more powerful than its classical counterpart, as is QAC^0 when fanout is allowed. This adds to the growing list of quantum complexity classes which are provably more powerful than their classical counterparts. We also develop techniques for proving upper bounds for QACC in terms of related language classes. We define classes of languages closely related to QACC[2] and show that restricted versions of them can be simulated by polynomial-size circuits. With further restrictions, language classes related to QACC[2] operators can be simulated by classical threshold circuits of polynomial size and constant depth.
A Post-HF Approach to the Sunscreen Octyl Methoxycinnamate
Authors: Fois Ettore , Oriani Mario , tabacchi gloria
Published: March 2021

Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is a commercial sunscreen with excellent UVB filter properties. However, it is known to undergo a series of photodegradation processes that decrease its effectiveness as UVB filter. In particular, the trans (E) form - which is considered so far the most stable isomer - converts to the cis (Z) form under the effect of light. In this work, by using post-Hartree-Fock approaches (CCSD, CCSD(t) and CCSD+T(CCSD)) on ground state OMC geometries optimized at the MP2 level we show that the cis and trans form of the gas-phase OMC molecule have comparable stability. Our results suggest that the cis form is stabilized by intra-molecular dispersion interactions, leading to a folded, more compact structure than the trans isomer.
Phytoalexins and Signalling Metabolites Produced in the Wild Crucifer Neslia Paniculata: Camalexins and Arabidopsides
Authors: Pedras M. Soledade C. , Alavi Mahla , Abdoli Abbas
Published: March 2021

The metabolites produced in elicited leaves of the wild crucifer Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. were investigated in abiotically stressed plants. Herein the phytoalexins camalexin, 7-methoxycamalexin and 6,7-dimethoxycamalexin together with the signalling metabolites arabidopsides A and D are reported. This is the first report of occurrence of 7-methoxy and 6,7-dimethoxycamalexins in planta and the third example of synchronized biosynthesis of phytoalexins and galacto-oxylipins. It is suggested that arabidopsides and structurally similar metabolites functioning as signalling molecules are likely to occur in a much larger number of plant species than originally hypothesized. N. paniculata is potentially useful to generate hybrid plants resistant to blackleg disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans.
A Recommendation System to Predict Missing Adsorption Properties of Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Sturluson Arni , Raza Ali , McConachie Grant D. , Siderius Daniel , Fern Xiaoli , Simon Cory
Published: March 2021

Nanoporous materials (NPMs) selectively adsorb and concentrate gases into their pores, and thus could be used to store, capture, and sense many different gases. Modularly synthesized classes of NPMs, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), offer a large number of candidate structures for each adsorption task. A complete NPM-property table, containing measurements of the relevant adsorption properties in the candidate NPMs, would enable the matching of NPMs with adsorption tasks. However, in practice the NPM-property matrix is only partially observed (incomplete); (i) many properties of any given NPM have not been measured and (ii) any given property has not been measured for all NPMs.

The idea in this work is to leverage the observed (NPM, property) values to impute the missing ones. Similarly, commercial recommendation systems impute missing entries in an incomplete item-customer ratings matrix to recommend items to customers. We demonstrate a COF recommendation system to match COFs with adsorption tasks by training a low rank model of an incomplete COF--adsorption-property matrix. A low rank model, trained on the observed (COF, adsorption property) values, provides (i) predictions of the missing (COF, adsorption property) values and (ii) a "map" of COFs, wherein COFs with similar (dissimilar) adsorption properties congregate (separate). We find the performance of the COF recommendation system varies for different adsorption tasks and diminishes precipitously when the fraction of missing entries exceeds 60%. The concepts in our COF recommendation system can be applied broadly to many different materials and properties.
Circularity in Mixed Plastics Chemical Recycling Enabled by Variable Rates of Polydiketoenamine Hydrolysis
Authors: Demarteau Jeremy , epstein alexander , Christensen Peter , Abubekerov Mark , wang hai , Teat Simon J , Seguin Trevor , Chan Christopher , Scown Corinne D. , Russell Thomas , Keasling Jay , Persson Kristin , Helms Brett
Published: March 2021

Footwear, carpet, soft furnishings, automotive interiors, and multi-layer packaging are examples of products manufactured from several types of polymers whose inextricability poses significant challenges for recycling at end-of-life. Here, we show that chemical circularity in mixed-polymer recycling becomes possible by controlling the rates of depolymerization of polydiketoenamines (PDKs) over several orders of magnitude through molecular engineering. Stepwise deconstruction of mixed-PDK composites, laminates, and assemblies is chemospecific, allowing a prescribed subset of monomers, fillers, and additives to be recovered in pristine condition at each stage of the recycling process. We provide a theoretical framework to understand PDK depolymerization via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and experimentally validate trends predicted for the rate-limiting step. The control achieved by PDKs in managing thermal and materials entropy points to new opportunities for pairing circular design with sustainable manufacturing.
Electron Rich Triarylphosphines as Nucleophilic Catalysts for Oxa-Michael Reactions
Authors: Fischer Susanne , Renner Simon , Böse Adrian Daniel , Slugovc Christian
Published: March 2021

Herein, we study the activity of methoxysubstituted arylphosphines (4-methoxy-phenyl)diphenylphosphine (MMTPP) and tris(4-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TMTPP) in catalyzing oxa-Michael additions in comparison to commonly used triphenylphosphine (TPP). Acrylonitrile, acryl amide and divinyl sulfone are used as Michael acceptors and propargyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, n-propanol and i-propanol are assessed as Michael donors. In many cases, catalyst loadings of only 1 mol% in respect to the Michael acceptor are sufficient to provide full conversion towards the Michael adduct in 24 h at room temperature. Generally, TMTPP is the most active catalyst in all cases. The experimental activity trend was rationalized by calculating the Michael acceptor affinities of all phosphine – Michael acceptor combinations. Besides this parameter, the acidity of the alcohol has a strong impact on the reaction speed. The oxidation stability of the phosphines was evaluated and electron richest TMTPP was found to be only slightly more sensitive to oxidation than TPP. Finally, the catalysts were employed in the oxa-Michael polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. With TMTPP polymers characterized by number average molar masses of about 1200 g/mol at room temperature are accessible. Polymerizations carried out at 80 °C resulted in macromolecules containing a considerable share of Rauhut-Currier type repeat units and consequently lower molar masses were obtained.