bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and simulation of a smartgrid architecture for a real distribution network in the UK
Authors: Yi Jialiang , Pages Chloe , Allahham Adib , Giaouris Damian , Patsios Charalampos
Published: July 2019

As part of the inteGRIDy project, funded by the European Commission, an investigation is carried out on a real distribution network, where high penetrations of distributed generations (DGs) exist, in the UK. In this study, a model of this network is built. In this model, additional energy storage systems are located in the network close to DGs to represent future smartgrid architecture. This architecture is proposed to reduce the power import and export between this network and the grid. Four test cases are designed to explore the impacts of DG and the benefits of ESSs.
ZVS Control strategy of dual active bridge DC/DC converter with triple‐phase‐shift modulation considering RMS current optimization
Authors: Shen Kai , Tong Anping , Shao Chi , Hang Lijun , He Yuanbin , Zhang Yao , Li Guojie , Zhang Jianmin
Published: July 2019

Dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter is an ideal high‐power bidirectional DC/DC converter with multiple control methods. In this paper, the working characteristics of the DAB converters are analysed by the example of medium power mode, in which the voltage transfer ratio is less than 1. For the situation that the DAB converter is difficult to achieve soft switching at light load, a triple phase shift (TPS) control method is used. Combining with RMS current optimisation, a control method to achieve soft switching for full‐power range is proposed. The control strategy enables the converter to realise zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all the switching device, which not only improves the operating conditions of the switching device, but also improves the converter efficiency. Finally, a prototype of DAB was built. Compared with the traditional control method, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Dynamic modelling of grid‐connected permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine: rectifier dynamics and control design
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Ammar , Messo Tuomas , Rasilo Paavo , Rekola Jenni
Published: July 2019

Wind energy technology is developing more and more from recent decades in many countries. Therefore, addressing the latest wind turbine research issues, this study develops a dynamic model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator and an active rectifier—as part of a unified dynamic model of a wind turbine generator in MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, a novel technique for the verification of the open‐loop and the closed‐loop transfer functions in the frequency domain is presented. The technique develops by analysing the frequency responses of the transfer function at various frequencies. Furthermore, the cascaded control loops of the developed model are designed and the stability of the designed controllers is tested in response to step changes in reference values.
Power‐take‐off topology comparison for a wave energy converter
Authors: McDonald Stephen P. , Baker Nick J. , Espinoza Mauricio , Pickert Volker
Published: July 2019

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) generally use a Mechanical Power‐Take‐Off (MPTO) involving hydraulics or gearing to optimise the extraction of energy from the incoming waves before converting it into electrical energy via a high speed rotating generator. This simplifies the design of the Electrical Power Conversion System (EPCS). Further, it facilitates the use of mechanical energy storage such as hydraulic accumulators to reduce the peaky nature of the power flow and allows the WEC resonant frequency to be tuned for maximum energy capture. This work compares two power electronic converter topologies for an Electrical PTO (EPTO). This EPTO is intended to replace the aforementioned MPTO and generator with a Permanent Magnet Linear Machine (PMLM) directly coupled to the WEC. The compared topologies comprise either a Current Source Converter (CSC) or a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) as the generator interface working in combination with a DC‐DC converter and an Energy Storage System (ESS). The principle differences between the two topologies are explored and losses are evaluated in a modular EPCS working with a WEC. Wide‐bandgap power electronic switches are assumed for both topologies over a range of switching frequencies. The evaluation concludes that the CSC topology is advantageous at higher switching frequencies.
Multi‐objective optimisation of hydroelectric PMSG considering water‐level variation
Authors: Gao Jian , Dai Litao , Zhang Wenjuan , Huang Shoudao
Published: July 2019

The variable hydrological conditions that are found in run‐of‐the river projects require operations over a wide range of water‐level variations. This article develops a novel optimisation strategy for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) used in hydroelectric plant. The basis of this strategy is a simplified subdomain (SD) analytical model of the surface‐mounted PM generator combined with an improved genetic algorithm, which searches the optimal generator parameters that maximise the operating efficiency of generators at different water‐level conditions and minimise the material cost. The electromagnetic performances of the optimised generator are investigated and compared with conventional optimal design. It is found that the proposed method allows the emergence of higher performances in variable hydrological conditions.
Slant‐range accuracy assessment for the YaoGan 13
Authors: Zhao Fei , Deng Mingjun , Zhang Guo , Zhao Ruishan , Li Jiansong , Li Shaoning
Published: July 2019

YaoGan 13 (YG‐13) represents the most advanced Chinese synthetic aperture radar satellite currently in use. This paper reports on experiments conducted to assess the slant‐range accuracy of YG‐13. Error sources in the YG‐13 ranging system, such as atmospheric path delay and the internal electronic delay of the instrument were analysed. A real‐time atmospheric delay correction model was established to consider both tropospheric and ionospheric delays. Six corner reflectors (CRs) were set up to ensure the accuracy of validation methods. Results showed that pixel location accuracies of up to 0.427 m standard deviation could be achieved. Furthermore, adjustment of the CRs can cause a marginal loss of ranging precision. After eliminating this error, the ranging accuracy was improved to 0.162 m. For YG‐13, a single frequency GPS receiver is used and the orbital accuracy is the biggest factor restricting its slant‐range accuracy. Results show that the YG‐13 slant‐range can achieve decimetre‐level accuracy. YG‐13 provides convenience in terms of access to control points and target locations that does not depend on ground equipment.
Moving target detection in clutter background with FDA‐MIMO radar via three‐dimensional focus processing
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Xue Yonghua , Chen Baoxin , Huang Yong , Guan Jian
Published: July 2019

Low observable moving target‐detection technology under clutter background is the key factor affecting the radar performance. Here, frequency diverse array (FDA) MIMO radar is investigated for low‐observable moving target detection. FDA‐MIMO radar not only has all the advantages of phased array and MIMO radar, but also can make a two‐dimensional joint estimation of the target distance and azimuth. In order to achieve coherent integration for Doppler processing, a novel three‐dimensional processing method is proposed, i.e. space‐range‐Doppler focus (SRDF) processing. It utilises the property of FDA and high‐resolution Doppler processing of MIMO. After discussing signal model of FDA‐MIMO radar, the flowchart of SRDF‐based low‐observable moving target detection and estimation is provided. Finally, simulation of moving target detection in clutter background verifies that proposed method has better ability for joint angle‐range‐Doppler processing with higher resolutions.
Bayesian 3‐D interferometric ISAR imaging for the targets with limited pulses
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Wang Yong
Published: July 2019

It is difficult to yield high azimuth resolution of a target in short coherent processing interval, which brings certain challenges for the subsequent three‐dimensional (3‐D) interference inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) imaging. Aiming at this problem, this study introduces a novel 3‐D InISAR imaging algorithm for the target with limited pluses. It is assumed that the received echoes have been compensated and image co‐registered, and the variational Bayesian interference can be used to process the received limited pulses to yield the high‐resolution 2‐D ISAR images. At last, the spatial 3‐D image of the target can be reconstructed after combining the interferometric processing and range measurement. The simulation results substantiate the validity of the presented algorithm.
Location displacement analysis on target height in VideoSAR image sequence
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhu Daiyin , Mao Xinhua , Jin Weiwei
Published: July 2019

Video synthetic aperture radar (VideoSAR) technology, which has fine resolution and high frame rate, is used to obtain the dynamic information of the observation scene. However, the height information of the target produces some additional offsets of target location in the digital elevation model under multiangle VideoSAR image sequence. This study analyses the reason for the target location displacement in VideoSAR, which includes the deduction of the mathematical relation between the location displacement and VideoSAR imaging geometry, as well as the influence of target height. Finally, the simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.
A meta-analysis of core-collapse supernova56Ni masses
Authors: Anderson J. P.
Published: July 2019

Context.A fundamental property determining the transient behaviour of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe) is the amount of radioactive56Ni synthesised in the explosion. Using established methods, this is a relatively easy parameter to extract from observations.

Aims.I provide a meta-analysis of all published56Ni masses for CC SNe.

Methods.Collating a total of 258 literature56Ni masses, I compared distributions of the main CC SN types: SNe II, SNe IIb, SNe Ib, SNe Ic, and SNe IcBL.

Results.Using these published values, I calculated a median56Ni mass of 0.032M⊙for SNe II (N = 115), 0.102M⊙for SNe IIb (N = 27), 0.163M⊙for SNe Ib (N = 33), 0.155M⊙for SNe Ic (N = 48), and 0.369M⊙for SNe IcBL (N = 32). On average, stripped-enevelope SNe (SE-SNe: IIb, Ib, Ic, and Ic-BL) have much higher values than SNe II. These observed distributions are compared to those predicted from neutrino-driven explosion models. While the SN II distribution follows model predictions, the SE-SNe have a significant fraction of events with56Ni masses much higher than predicted.

Conclusions.If the majority of published56Ni masses are to be believed, these results imply significant differences in the progenitor structures and/or explosion properties between SNe II and SE-SNe. However, such distinct progenitor and explosion properties are not currently favoured in the literature. Alternatively, the popular methods used to estimate56Ni masses for SE-SNe may not be accurate. Possible issues with these methods are discussed, as are the implications of true56Ni mass differences on progenitor properties of different CC SNe.
Induced electromagnetic field on underground metal pipelines running parallel to nearby high voltage AC power lines
Authors: Dushimimana Giovanni , Simiyu Patrobers , Ndayishimiye Vedaste , Niringiyimana Emile , Bikorimana Sefu
Published: July 2019

High voltage AC (HVAC) power lines can induce significant amount of voltages on underground gas/oil metal pipelines in areas where they share similar Right of Way (RoW), the situation becoming serious particularly in case of fault conditions. Electromagnetic field generated by the HVAC power lines on these pipelines, generate unwanted voltages which present threats to the pipeline and its associated protective equipment such as cathodic systems. The aim of this research is to compute induced voltage on pipeline running parallel to HVAC power lines. The study was conducted using CDEGS software package and revealed that under steady state condition, results were in agreement with GB 6830-1986 standard. However, high currents are generated under single phase to ground short circuit rising the potential of adjacent soil including the underground pipeline beyond limits. Therefore, the gradient control wire mitigation technique is proposed to reduce these voltages to safe limits.
Heat transfer intensification by jet impingement – numerical analysis using RANS approach
Authors: Kura Tomasz , Fornalik-Wajs Elżbieta , Wajs Jan , Kenjeres Sasa
Published: July 2019

Jet impingement is a method of the heat transfer enhancement applied in the engineering systems. The idea is to generate fast-flow fluid jet which impinge on the heated (or cooled) surface, causing significantly higher heat transfer rate. Although some flat surface jet impingement cases are described in the literature, the validated data is still limited. The reason is coming from the fact, that these flows are hydrodynamically complex. Therefore the numerical analysis is necessary to understand the phenomena, especially in the range of turbulent flow. The well-known and accurate method is Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. However, depending on the applied turbulence model, various results can be obtained. The reason is that the jet impingement strongly depends on the complex boundary layer effects and their resolving is still challenging for RANS models and until now it is their weakest point. In the paper, the hydrodynamic and thermal, numerical results of jet impingement are presented, depending on selected RANS based models. The aim was to indicate their ability to anticipate the turbulence parameters.
Thorium based fuel loading pattern for PWR reactor
Authors: Oettingen Mikolaj
Published: July 2019

The Monte Carlo Continuous Energy Burnup Code was used for numerical simulations of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) with mixed U-Th fuel. The thorium fuel was introduce to the core of the Westinghouse 4-loop PWR in order to investigate the time evolutions of fissile 233U, 235U, 239Pu, 241Pu and of fertile 232Th and 238U. The core loading pattern was designed using the Whole Assembly Seed and Blanket (WASB) approach. The following calculations show the feasibility of the proposed incore fuel management patter using the available numerical tools, developed numerical model and methods.
The Formation Of Organizational Culture In The Aspect Of Lean Management Principles In The Energy Industry
Authors: Sukiennik Marta , Bąk Patrycja
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, the aspect of Lean Management is a very fashionable trend of reorganizing the work of production processes, but also in management processes. It affects the approach to work, its quality, cost-effectiveness and the organization itself. The classic understanding of Lean Management comes from Japan (Toyota Motor Corporation). The aim of Toyoda was to eliminate flaws and wastage in the production process [1]. Ohno, who identified seven types of muda (waste) [2]- widely described in the Lean literature continued the elimination of waste in the processes. Analyzing the organization and its organizational culture it is clear that the enterprises of the energy sector in Poland are undergoing transformation. Organizational behaviour is increasingly observed to improve the external and internal image of the company. Guidelines and basic elements shaping the organizational culture more and more often for the managerial staff are a basic tool of work. It is important because that, the Liker [3] added the eighth type of muda - untapped creativity of employees, understood as the loss of time, ideas, skills, improvements and learning opportunities due to the fact that employees are not involved or do not listen to them. In the energy industry, which is highly specific in its functioning, the simple implementation of the principles and classical understanding of Lean may prove to be ineffective. Especially in the technical and technological aspects, where considering the long investment time, rigid modelling of processes, only few paths of process optimization, it is difficult to effectively change and modify Lean Management or Lean Manufacturing. However, it is not advisable to stop thinking about Lean in the energy industry. According to specialists[4], Lean methodologies and principles should be implemented, especially in the areas of maintenance, production and supervision, logistics, administration or sales and customer service. Transformation of the organizational culture to such a character that has Lean in its foundations needs number of actions. This article will present a concept designed to transform the organizational culture of energy companies in Poland.
Analysis of the comfort life and work in the assessment of the occupational group of employees in the energy sector on the basis of a mining company
Authors: Kowal Barbara
Published: July 2019

There is a large number of jobs in Poland, the performance of which involves working in difficult, arduous conditions. Such jobs include probably the work of miners in hard coal mines. They often go to the mine several times a week for many years. They work several hundred meters underground in the dark, high temperature, humidity, dust and noise with loud machines. Such extreme working conditions cause many occupational diseases caused by these conditions and even life threatening. The total number of accidents in the whole mining has decreased at the turn of the last years, however, in the hard coal mining itself, it remains at a similar level. When performing work in such difficult conditions, the miner should know well and, above all, observe the work safety regulations. The appropriate organizational culture enables, among others shaping the level of safety culture and improving working conditions [2, 14, 19, 25, 26]. Therefore, miners should be constantly motivated to work safely, but also rewarded. The results of the literature analysis of the subject were supported by own research in the scope of the subject of comfort of life and work in the assessment of the professional group of energy sector employees on the example of a mining enterprise. The research was carried out among miners, in one of the Polish mines. They were intended to show the magnitude of the problem of discomfort in the work of a professional group of miners in hard coal mining, as well as comfort of life and motivation for a safe working mode.
Role of CeO2-ZrO2Support for Structural, Textural and Functional Properties of Ni-based Catalysts Active in Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Adamski Andrzej , Legutko Piotr , Dziadek Katarzyna , Parkhomenko Ksenia , Aymonier Cyril , Sadykov Vladislav A. , Roger Anne-Cécile
Published: July 2019

Positive environmental and technological contexts make dry methane reforming (DMR) an extensively studied reaction. During this process two main greenhouse gases CH4and CO2can be simultaneously converted into syngas – a mixture of CO and H2. Supported-nickel is one of the most frequently applied DMR catalysts. Their activity depends mainly on Ni concentration, kind of its precursor and a deposition method. As DMR is a demanding high-temperature reaction, it requires not only an active but first a very stable catalyst. Structural, textural and functional properties of such support remain thus of crucial efficiency. Main aim of this work was to elucidate how the synthesis of CeO2-ZrO2support obtained by supercritical fluid method (i.e.at temperature of 400°C under a pressure of 25 MPa), can influence the properties of Ni-based DMR catalysts. The supports of various compositions (CeO2content from 100 to 0 %), subsequently calcined at 800°C for 6h in air have been analyzed. Nickel was deposited from nitrate(V) precursor via classical wet impregnation. The final catalysts have been characterized structurally (XRD, RS), texturally (BET, SEM) and functionally (UV/Vis-DR, XPS). Catalytic tests in dry methane reforming reaction have been performed to determine activity and stability of the synthesized samples.
On quaternion applications in obtaining surfaces
Authors: Keskin Özgür , Yaylı Yusuf
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we survey the historical development of quaternions and give some recently studies and applications of quaternions of obtaining surfaces.
Les hormones thyroïdiennes régulent le destin des cellules souches neurales
Authors: Remaud Sylvie , Demeneix Barbara
Published: July 2019

Les hormones thyroïdiennes (HT) sont essentielles pour le bon fonctionnement du cerveau tout au long de la vie des vertébrés, dès les stades précoces du neuro-développement. Des études épidémiologiques ont montré l’importance des HT de la mère pendant les premiers mois du développement fœtal : une déficience précoce en HT maternelles entraîne à long terme des altérations du développement cognitif et du comportement social de l’enfant. L’apport des modèles animaux, non seulement les modèles mammifères mais également les modèles alternatifs (poisson zèbre, xénope, poulet), a permis de décrypter les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires gouvernés par les HT lors du développement cérébral. En particulier le modèle rongeur a contribué à montrer que les HT ont également un rôle crucial chez l’adulte, principalement au sein de deux niches neurogéniques majeures, la zone sous-ventriculaire et la zone sous-granulaire de l’hippocampe où elles régulent finement le destin des cellules souches neurales (CSN). Une question essentielle en biologie des cellules souches est de comprendre, comment les HT gouvernent le devenir des CSN vers un destin neural ou glial et ce, afin de contribuer au développement du cerveau et de maintenir ses fonctions tout au long de la vie adulte dans des conditions physiologiques et lors d’un dommage cérébral (maladies neurodégénératives, maladies démyélinisantes ou accident vasculaire cérébral). Notre revue fait le point sur les connaissances actuelles sur le rôle d’un signal endocrinien clé, les HT, lors du développement du cerveau et de la neurogenèse adulte, et principalement chez les mammifères, notamment l’Homme.
Les larves de poissons coralliens : un nouveau modèle d’étude de la métamorphose et des hormones thyroïdiennes
Authors: Roux Natacha , Salis Pauline , Laudet Vincent
Published: July 2019

Les transitions (développementales, écologiques, etc.) au cours du cycle de vie des organismes sont essentielles à la survie de nombreuses espèces animales. Cependant, les mécanismes contrôlant ces événements sont encore largement méconnus. Les poissons des récifs coralliens vivent plusieurs transitions majeures au cours de leur vie. En effet, les adultes se reproduisent à proximité du récif, émettant des œufs qui se dispersent et éclosent dans l’océan où les larves vont se développer. Les larves retournent ensuite vers les récifs où elles s’installent et persistent, cette étape constituant le recrutement larvaire. Cette transition écologique (du grand bleu au récif) qui a lieu au cours du recrutement larvaire est accompagnée d’une transition développementale permettant à la larve de devenir un juvénile. Cette transition essentielle, considérée comme une métamorphose, est contrôlée par les hormones thyroïdiennes (TH : T4, T3) et leurs récepteurs nucléaires (TRαa, TRαb et TRβ). Ainsi, une augmentation des taux de TH et de l’expression des TR chez les larves entraîne le déclenchement de leur métamorphose leur permettant ainsi de s’installer dans les récifs à l’état de juvénile. Nous avons observé ces évènements chez différentes espèces de poissons coralliens, laissant à penser qu’ils pourraient intervenir chez toutes. Du fait de ce contrôle hormonal, la transition de la larve en juvénile peut être affectée par des perturbateurs endocriniens dans l’environnement ainsi que par d’autres polluants. Nous avons notamment montré qu’un pesticide, le chlorpyrifos, perturbe la métamorphose du poisson chirurgien et du poisson clown, diminuant ainsi la qualité des juvéniles sortant de cette transition. La métamorphose et le recrutement larvaire étant essentiels au maintien des populations de poissons et, par voie de conséquence, à la résilience des récifs coralliens, il est important de mieux comprendre aux niveaux moléculaire, développemental et comportemental, comment le changement global et la pollution peuvent menacer les écosystèmes récifaux.
Canaux potassiques à deux domaines P (K2P) et migraine
Authors: Royal Perrine , Ávalos Prado Pablo , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Sandoz Guillaume
Published: July 2019

La migraine est un désordre neurologique qui affecte 15 % de la population mondiale. Les crises migraineuses sont liées, entre autres, à l’hyperexcitabilité électrique des neurones trigéminaux. Leur activité électrique est contrôlée par les canaux potassiques à deux domaines P (K2P) dont l’importance dans l’induction du contrôle de l’excitabilité a récemment été mise en évidence par la découverte d’une version mutée de l’un d’eux TRESK, le mutant TRESK-MT, qui est lié à la migraine. Cette découverte a été controversée à la suite du séquençage d’autres canaux TRESK mutés non fonctionnels qui ne sont pas liés à la migraine. Notre étude montre que les mutations délétères du gène TRESK impliquées dans la migraine entraînent la formation de deux protéines au lieu d’une (comme attendu du gène non muté), via un nouveau mécanisme appelé fsATI (initiation alternative de la traduction induite par déplacement du cadre de lecture). L’une est inactive et l’autre, en ciblant d’autres canaux K2P, TREK1 et TREK2, stimule fortement l’activité électrique des neurones provoquant ainsi des crises migraineuses. Cette découverte a permis l’identification de deux nouvelles cibles dans le traitement de la migraine, TREK1 et TREK2, et suggère que les mutations induisant une traduction alternative due à un déplacement du cadre de lecture (fsATI) doivent être considérées comme une classe distincte de mutations lors de l’étude des mutations impliquées dans les pathologies humaines.
Formation à l'éthique et à l'intégrité scientifique au sein des écoles doctorales françaises
Authors: Koual Meriem
Published: July 2019

La formation à l'éthique de la recherche et à l'intégrité scientifique des doctorants au cours de leur formation, toutes spécialités confondues, est obligatoire depuis 2016. Elle est confiée aux écoles doctorales, qui sont libres d'organiser cet enseignement comme elles le souhaitent. Nous avons réalisé une étude auprès de l'ensemble des écoles doctorales de France afin de connaître les modalités de cette formation en 2018. Il apparaît que ces écoles sont bien engagées dans cet enseignement sur l'ensemble du territoire et que la tendance est à son renforcement, ce qui témoigne d'une prise de conscience générale de l'importance de ces sujets pour la recherche de demain.
La thérapie génique ouvre une nouvelle ère
Authors: Brignol Tuy Nga , Marion Sylvie , Salort-Campana Emmanuelle , Bonne Gisèle
Published: July 2019

Année après année, les techniques de thérapie génique s’affinent et se diversifient avec déjà des résultats très encourageants au niveau clinique. La preuve lors d’une session présidée par Serge Braun et Giuseppe Ronzitti au congrès Myology 2019 qui s’est déroulé à Bordeaux du 25 au 28 mars.
Le tamoxifène dans l’arsenal thérapeutique des maladies neuromusculaires ?
Authors: Dorchies Olivier , Brignol Tuy Nga
Published: July 2019

Compte tenu des coûts importants du développement clinique de nouvelles molécules et de la lenteur de la découverte de nouveaux traitements, repositionner un médicament « ancien » dans une nouvelle indication s’avère parfois une solution intéressante. Elle implique de réutiliser un composé dont la sécurité et la tolérance ont déjà été démontrées, avec potentiellement une réduction des délais et des budgets de développement, mais aussi une augmentation des chances de succès. Le tamoxifène, utilisé en oncologie depuis près de 40 ans, est ainsi considéré comme un candidat médicament prometteur pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne mais aussi pour la myopathie myotubulaire liée à l’X. Point d’étape…
Journée Française Maladie de Pompe : une neuvième édition riche de promesses
Authors: Marion Sylvie
Published: July 2019

Le 20 mars dernier, l’Institut de Myologie accueillait des médecins et des chercheurs impliqués sur tout le territoire dans la glycogénose de type 2 pour un événement organisé par le Pr Pascal Laforêt (Garches). Au programme, les progrès les plus récents des connaissances fondamentales, cliniques et thérapeutiques avec cette année une large place accordée aux essais cliniques.
Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension in der Aligner-Therapie
Authors: Drechsler Thomas
Published: July 2019

Bei den bekannten fest auf den Zähnen angebrachten Apparaturen sind in den meisten Fällen die elastischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Metalllegierungen für die Zahnauslenkungen verantwortlich. Aber auch die flexiblen Materialeigenschaften von bestimmten Kunststoffarten lassen sich zur Zahnbewegung nutzen. Seit fast 20 Jahren hat sich durch im CAD/CAM-Großserienverfahren hergestellten, thermoplastischen Polyurethan-Kunststoff-Schienen das Indikationsspektrum der Aligner-Therapie aufgrund technologischen Fortschritts der verschiedenen Aligner Hersteller und der Erfahrung der Behandler zunehmend erweitert. Unter anderem durch die Weiterentwicklung spezieller Attachments, Materialien oder der digitalen Planungssoftware kann beobachtet werden, dass bei verantwortungsvoller, korrekter Planung seitens des in dieser Technik erfahrenen Kieferorthopäden und unbedingter Compliance seitens des Patienten mittlerweile auch anspruchsvolle kieferorthopädische Behandlungen, wie die Therapie des frontal offenen oder tiefen Bisses, größtenteils vorhersagbar mit Alignern durchgeführt werden können. Hierbei bedarf es jedoch auf Basis einer umfassenden Anamnese und Diagnostik einer genauen Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Parameter wie u.a. Alter, möglicher Parafunktion, skelettaler Konfiguration, Parodontalzustand und Funktionsbefund durch den erfahrenen Fachzahnarzt. Dieser muss unter Wahrung der bekannten biomechanischen Prinzipien die Anwendung der modernen softwaregestützten Applikationen so zu nutzen wissen, dass aus einer virtuellen Computersimulation eine realistische, klinische Umsetzung resultiert. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden exemplarisch die Chancen und Grenzen der Aligner-Therapie aufgezeigt, die zur Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension gegeben sind.
Praktikabilität des Heidelberger Health Score 3.0 während einer Verlaufsbeobachtung in der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Scharschmidt Ronja , Buder Anja , Frohberg Magdalena , Ziesche Saskia , Smolenski Ulrich Christian , Derlien Steffen
Published: July 2019

Fragestellung Untersucht wurde die Anwendbarkeit des Fragebogens Heidelberger Health Score 3.0 (HHS 3.0) zur Erfassung der Arbeitsfähigkeit und der berufsbezogenen Gesundheitsfaktoren in einer Verlaufsbeobachtung im betrieblichen Setting.

Methode Es liegt ein multizentrisches Prä-Post-Studiendesign vor. Der HHS 3.0 kam bei 121 Beschäftigten zum Einsatz. Es erfolgte eine zehnmonatige Intervention zur Gesundheitsförderung. Die Interventionsgruppe wurde mit einer Kontrollgruppe (n=49) sowie mit Referenzdaten (n=1253) verglichen.

Ergebnisse Es konnten bei der Interventions- im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe positive Effekte auf den Gesamt-Score, das Aktivitätsprofil und die mentale Widerstandsfähigkeit (p≤0,001–0,002) belegt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Der HHS 3.0 kann unter Einbezug der Referenzdaten zur Bedarfsanalyse sowie unter Verwendung einer Kontrollgruppe zur Evaluation gesundheitsfördernder Maßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Hierbei sind jahreszeitliche Einflussgrößen zu berücksichtigen. Für Unternehmen ist es von Bedeutung, die Vergleichspopulation je nach Zielstellung der Befragung zu wählen.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation – Prävalenz, Ätiologie und Therapie
Authors: Bekes Katrin
Published: July 2019

Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) ist ein weltweit verbreitetes Problem. Die Ausprägung hypomineralisierter Zahndefekte und die daraus resultierende Problematik können jedoch stark differieren. Zähne welche bereits kurz nach dem Durchbruch stark zerstört und dazu noch hypersensibel sind, erfordern andere Therapiepläne als nur leicht verfärbte, aber eigentlich gesunde Zähne. Eine frühzeitige Erkennung des Krankheitsbildes, die umfassende Betreuung und die Einleitung notwendiger therapeutischer Maßnahmen sind essenziell, um progressiven Schmelzverlusten entgegenzuwirken und einen langfristigen Zahnerhalt zu ermöglichen.

Der vorliegende Beitrag soll einen Einblick in die rezente Ätiologie, die Diagnostik und die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der MIH geben und eine Hilfestellung für die Praxis sein.
Anwendungspraxis homöopathischer
Komplexmittel
Authors: Würtenberger Sandra , Boos Julia , Schumacher-Stimpfl Anne , Beck-Dreschel Aline
Published: July 2019

Für homöopathische Komplexmittel existiert, trotz fast 100-jähriger
Verordnungspraxis, nur wenig allgemeingültige Lehrbuchliteratur. Ebenso wird
kaum unabhängige Forschung betrieben. Um das Erkenntnismaterial zur
Verordnungspraxis zu erweitern, wurde unter dem Dach der Arzneimittel-Hersteller
eine Therapeutenbefragung zur Verordnungs- und Dosierungspraxis sowie zum
Auftreten von homöopathischen Erstverschlimmerungen und
Arzneimittelprüfsymptomen durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten von 513 Fragebögen 504
ausgewertet werden. Als ein wichtiges Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass nur wenige
Therapeuten den strikten Dosierungsempfehlungen der Packungsbeilage folgen,
sondern nach individuellen Behandlungsschemata bzw. patientenspezifischen
Kriterien verordnen. Wünschenswert wäre daher, die von den Zulassungsbehörden
vorgegebenen Dosierungsangaben in der Packungsbeilage zu erweitern und die
Patienten über die Möglichkeit der individuellen Dosierung zu informieren, um
die Anwendung in der Praxis besser wiederzugeben.
„Wir verfolgen heute denselben Kerngedanken – die Teilhabe“ – Zusammenarbeit von Ergotherapie und Pflege
Authors: Gritsch Simone
Published: July 2019

Sowohl die Ergotherapie als auch die Pflege stecken mitten im Professionalisierungsprozess. Damit die Zusammenarbeit gelingt, braucht es eine klare Kommunikation und gegenseitiges Interesse. Zwei alte Hasen einer psychiatrischen Klinik sprechen im Interview über Kompetenzgerangel und Wertschätzung.
Hämodynamische Definition der pulmonalen Hypertonie: Kommentar zu der vorgeschlagenen Änderung durch das 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Rosenkranz Stephan , Diller Gerhard-Paul , Dumitrescu Daniel , Ewert Ralf , Ghofrani H. Ardeschir , Grünig Ekkehard , Halank Michael , Held Matthias , Kaemmerer Harald , Klose Hans , Kovacs Gabor , Konstantinides Stavros , Lang Irene M. , Lange Tobias J. , Leuchte Hanno , Mayer Eckhard , Olschewski Andrea , Olschewski Horst , Olsson Karen M. , Opitz Christian , Schermuly Ralph T. , Seeger Werner , Wilkens Heinrike , Hoeper Marius M.
Published: July 2019

Die Ende 2015 veröffentlichten ESC/ERS-Leitlinien und andere internationale Empfehlungen definierten die pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) bisher durch einen invasiv gemessenen mittleren pulmonal arteriellen Druck (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg in Ruhe. Auf dem 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension in Nizza wurde eine Modifikation dieser hämodynamischen Definition im Sinne einer Senkung des Schwellenwertes auf > 20 mmHg vorgeschlagen. Für die präkapilläre PH wird zusätzlich ein pulmonaler Gefäßwiderstand (PVR) ≥ 3 Wood-Einheiten (WE) gefordert. Diese Änderung muss im Hinblick auf die zugrunde liegende Rationale und mögliche Konsequenzen kritisch hinterfragt werden; es bedarf daher einer eingehenden Erläuterung. Insbesondere muss klargestellt werden, dass diese Änderung aktuell keinen Einfluss auf die evidenzbasierte und zulassungskonforme Verschreibung von Medikamenten zur gezielten Therapie der pulmonal arteriellen Hypertonie (PAH) hat.
Beruf mit Zukunft – Physician Assistants in Deutschland
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Arzt, Pflegekraft, Therapeut – die Arbeitsverteilung in Deutschland beim Thema gesundheitliche Versorgung scheint klar. Doch seit 2008 gibt es noch eine weitere Berufsgruppe: die den Ärzten zugeordneten Physician Assistants. ergopraxis recherchierte, wer diesen Abschluss hat und was Physician Assistants können und dürfen.
Optimal Bewegung lernen – Prof. Dr. Gabriele Wulf über die OPTIMAL-Theorie
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: July 2019

Gabriele Wulf lebt und forscht seit fast 18 Jahren in den USA. Sie beschäftigt sich vor allem mit den Faktoren, die das Lernen von motorischen Fertigkeiten beeinflussen. 2016 hat sie gemeinsam mit Rebecca Lewthwaite aus diesen Erkenntnissen die OPTIMAL-Theorie formuliert. Sie gibt Therapeuten wertvolle Anregungen, um motorisches Lernen noch effektiver zu gestalten.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Contemporary Approach to Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification, and Management
Authors: Tak Tahir , Karturi Swetha , Sharma Umesh , Eckstein Lee , Poterucha Joseph T. , Sandoval Yader
Published: July 2019

Pulmonary embolism (PE) affects over 300,000 individuals each year in the United States and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Improvements in the diagnostic performance and availability of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography and D-dimer testing have facilitated the evaluation of patients with suspected PE. High clinical suspicion is required in those with risk factors and/or those that manifest signs or symptoms of venous thromboembolic disease, with validated clinical risk scores such as the Wells and modified Wells score or the PE rule-out criteria helpful in estimating the likelihood for PE. For those with confirmed PE, patients should be categorized and triaged according to the presence or absence of shock or hypotension. Normotensive patients can be further risk-stratified using validated prognostic risk scores, as well as by using imaging and cardiac biomarkers, with those having either signs of right ventricular dysfunction on imaging studies and/or abnormal cardiac biomarkers categorized as being at intermediate-risk and requiring close monitoring and hospital admission. Early discharge and/or home therapy are possible in those that do not manifest any high-risk features. The initial treatment for most patients that are stable consists of anticoagulation, with advanced therapies such as thrombolysis, catheter-based therapies, or surgical embolectomy deferred for those at high risk. Given the heterogeneous presentations of PE and various management strategies available, the development of multidisciplinary PE response teams has emerged to help facilitate decision-making in these patients.
Comparison of the effects of high and low milk-replacer feeding regimens on health and growth of crossbred dairy heifers
Authors: Johnson K. F. , Nair R. Vinod , Wathes D. C.
Published: July 2019

Context
Pre-weaning growth in dairy heifers is highly dependent on the amount of milk fed. Both milk replacer (MR) and associated labour are costly, encouraging restricted milk rations and once-a-day feeding.

Aims
This study compared performance relating to the growth and health of calves receiving one of two commercial feeding regimens: High or Low.

Methods
All heifers born during the Spring (January–March) calving block on a commercial UK farm with mixed-breed genetics were recruited at birth, randomly assigned to the High (n = 104, receiving MR-A) or Low (n = 88, receiving MR-B) feed group and reared indoors on straw bedding, with free access to concentrate. Both groups initially received MR twice daily. The High group continued to receive MR twice daily throughout the experiment, whereas the Low group calves were reduced to a single MR feed daily during Weeks 4–8. Blood samples were taken in Weeks 1 and 6 to assess passive transfer and measure circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). The Wisconsin calf-scoring system was used to assess health of calves in Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 and at 6 months and size was also measured at these times. Data were analysed by univariate and multivariate models.

Key results
Passive transfer was good in both groups (serum total protein (mean ± s.d.) 60.9 ± 9.1 mg/mL) with no differences in pre-weaning disease incidence; diarrhoea occurred in 64.5% and bovine respiratory disease in 26.3% of calves. High group calves were significantly heavier, taller and longer at all pre-weaning examinations except recruitment owing to more growth in the first month, and remained significantly larger at 6 months: weight 157 ± 8 vs 149 ± 7 kg, height 103 ± 5 vs 100 ± 5 cm, length 90 ± 4 vs 88 ± 5 cm. Plasma IGF1 concentrations at around Week 6 were doubled in the High group (101 ± 38.6 vs 55 ± 34.1 ng/mL). Bovine respiratory disease was associated with reduced weight gain. Heifers with diarrhoea were leaner at weaning. High feed group, weight at recruitment and good passive transfer were positively associated with weight at 6 months.

Conclusions
Higher feeding levels pre-weaning increased growth rates and IGF1, although the disease incidence was unaffected.

Implications
Previous studies have shown that more growth and higher IGF1 pre-weaning are associated with a lower age at first calving and an increased chance of reaching the end of first lactation. These in turn improve long-term performance.
Molecular-level origin of the carboxylate head group response to divalent metal ion complexation at the air–water interface
Authors: Denton Joanna K. , Kelleher Patrick J. , Johnson Mark A. , Baer Marcel D. , Kathmann Shawn M. , Mundy Christopher J. , Wellen Rudd Bethany A. , Allen Heather C. , Choi Tae Hoon , Jordan Kenneth D.
Published: July 2019

We exploit gas-phase cluster ion techniques to provide insight into the local interactions underlying divalent metal ion-driven changes in the spectra of carboxylic acids at the air–water interface. This information clarifies the experimental findings that the CO stretching bands of long-chain acids appear at very similar energies when the head group is deprotonated by high subphase pH or exposed to relatively high concentrations of Ca2+metal ions. To this end, we report the evolution of the vibrational spectra of size-selected [Ca2+·RCO2−]+·(H2O)n=0to12and RCO2−·(H2O)n=0to14cluster ions toward the features observed at the air–water interface. Surprisingly, not only does stepwise hydration of the RCO2−anion and the [Ca2+·RCO2−]+contact ion pair yield solvatochromic responses in opposite directions, but in both cases, the responses of the 2 (symmetric and asymmetric stretching) CO bands to hydration are opposite to each other. The result is that both CO bands evolve toward their interfacial asymptotes from opposite directions. Simulations of the [Ca2+·RCO2−]+·(H2O)nclusters indicate that the metal ion remains directly bound to the head group in a contact ion pair motif as the asymmetric CO stretch converges at the interfacial value byn= 12. This establishes that direct metal complexation or deprotonation can account for the interfacial behavior. We discuss these effects in the context of a model that invokes the water network-dependent local electric field along the C–C bond that connects the head group to the hydrocarbon tail as the key microscopic parameter that is correlated with the observed trends.
Why Trump won the elections
Authors: Violi Patrizia
Published: July 2019

In this article I would like to focus on the dialogical transformations that the use of social media has introduced into political discourse, showing why they have an increasing relevance on the whole landscape of our contemporary political arena. In order to do that, I will analyse their semiotic functioning, and the way in which they have transformed the traditional dialogical structure, still present in other forms of technologically mediated communication. Finally, I will advance some hypothesis on how these transformations can favour the growth of populism, a phenomenon that should concern anybody interested in dialogue, since populism represents precisely the death of any form of dialogue.
Decision announcements in small claims court
Authors: Tracy Karen , Craig Robert T.
Published: July 2019

This study analyzes judges’ decision announcements at the end of small claims hearings when the
judge informs the parties who has won. Background on US small claims courts is provided, and the data and
grounded practical theory, the analytic approach, are described. Then, we overview the small claims decision
announcement genre, describe key areas of variation among judges, and identify and explicate a recurring
problem built into the design of small claims proceedings. Cases that pit what is legally correct against what
commonsense fairness dictates can be troublesome for judges and this trouble is marked discursively in judge
announcements. The paper concludes by describing the challenge this raises for the development of grounded
practical theory.
Names and the transidioma
Authors: Jacquemet Marco
Published: July 2019

The experience of linguistic globalization, and the communicative disorder it entails, requires a serious retooling of most basic units of semiotic analysis. The complexity and indeterminacy of late-modern communication affects most sociolinguistic assumptions behind social interactions. In particular, we can no longer assume a model of dialogue based on shared indexical knowledge. By introducing the concept oftransidioma – i.e. the ensemble of communicative practices of people embedded in translingual environments and engaged in interactions that blend face-to-face and digitally-mediated communication – this paper documents the renewed reliance on denotational references, especially proper names, as a primary strategy to handle dialogue during asylum hearings.
Describing the Cookie Theft picture
Authors: Cummings Louise
Published: July 2019

Speech-language pathologists routinely use picture description
tasks to assess expository discourse in clients with disorders such as aphasia
and dementia. One picture description task – the Cookie Theft picture from the
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination – has come to dominate clinical settings
more than any other task. In this article, I examine why this particular picture
description task has proven to be so successful in assessing expository
discourse in clients with language and cognitive disorders. Using data from the
University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer and Related Dementias Study, recurrent
cognitive-linguistic impairments in the Cookie Theft picture descriptions of
clients with Alzheimer’s dementia are explored. These impairments are mostly
pragmatic in nature. It is argued that the sensitivity of the Cookie Theft
picture description task to these impairments makes it an ideal assessment tool
for any investigation which aims to identify pragmatic markers of
neurodegenerative diseases such as the dementias.
Sanitized Modernity: Rural Public Health in Mid-Twentieth Century Khuzestan
Authors: Sitzes Bryan
Published: July 2019

Existing histories of public health in Iran often center on elite or urban narratives. This paper shifts the focus to Iran’s villages by examining the twentieth century public health history of rural northern Khuzestan. It argues that Khuzestani villagers desired, rather than resisted, modern medical services. However, vertical decision-making and the prioritization given by public health planners to economic concerns over social well-being led to the uneven distribution of services and failure to fulfill the expectations of Khuzestan’s villagers. This paper uses memoirs, official reports, correspondence, and other records from the Development & Resources Corporation, along with reports from Iran’s Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, to bring a richer picture of Iranian villagers’ twentieth century history into focus.