bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY: RHETORICAL MOVES OF RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS WRITTEN BY AMERICAN AND INDONESIAN AUTHORS
Authors: Karimah Nur Alfin , Munir Ahmad , Anam Syafiul
Published: December 2023

Research in Research Article (RA) abstract written by native English authors has been widely conducted. Yet, a comparison of RA abstracts written by American authors and Indonesian authors has not been conducted. This paper reports a study on the analysis of research article abstracts written by American and Indonesian authors published in two reputable journals. Data presented are move sequences of 20 Research Article (RA) abstracts from the latest six years issue (2021-2016). The abstracts were selected from a particular discipline, English language teaching and learning, to control the variability. The findings reveal that the salient move sequences of two groups have reflected the stipulated framework of the rhetorical abstracts. The American authors and Indonesian authors complete the moves occasionally within 3 units, 4 units, or 5 units. The similarity and differences of expressions used in writing abstracts in each move have been detected. The article concludes by highlighting the status of Indonesian authors in writing the RA abstracts compared to the native English authors.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AS A COMPETITIVE RESOURCE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Maslak Mariya
Published: December 2023

The article examines the theoretical and methodological issues of competitive use of intellectual property objects in the production and business activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises. Three main areas of consideration of the term "intellectual property" are defined and substantiated: regulatory, economic, and managerial. The definition of the term "intellectual property" recommended by the author for scientific circulation practically combines the legal, economic, organizational, and managerial components of this definition, which quite accurately reproduces the organizational and production processes of development, distribution, and consumption of intellectual property objects and created with their use of market products. It has been proven that intellectual property objects are a significant factor in creating competitive advantages of an industrial enterprise, as they allow to ensure the protection of the results of innovative activity, a monopoly position on the market on this basis, and to use the period of protection to expand the volume of sales of products on the markets, form and consolidate the brand of the industrial enterprise enterprises. Individual components of the manifestation of the specificity of intellectual property and its objects in the industrial production of our country have been studied in detail, to which the author attributes a number of important specific features that contribute to the greatest extent to the improvement of the competitive positions of an industrial enterprise on the domestic and international market. The author attributed to them: an intangible form of representation, the possibilities of identification for establishing the object of the right, its potential includes both scientific and technical and production components, alienation of a special kind: copyright is preserved, individual patent right is protected, individual copyright is protected, individual copyright, a collective component of property rights. The identified features of the practical use of intellectual property objects at industrial enterprises make it possible for them to be more effectively used in various types of manufactured products. The use of intellectual property has both competitive advantages and certain disadvantages for an industrial enterprise. At the same time, competitive advantages are more important, strategically significant, long-term, but have a high degree of volatility and commercial risk and urgently need more balanced and more justified management decisions.
The critical role of emotional communication for motivated reasoning
Authors: Wolf Ingo , Schröder Tobias
Published: December 2023

Persuasive appeals frequently prove ineffective or produce unintended outcomes, due to the presence motivated reasoning. This research delves into the impact of emotional content levels, message valence, and the coherence of pre-existing attitudes on the process of biased information evaluation. By conducting a factorial survey (N = 480) and incorporating a computational model of attitude formation, we aim to gain a deeper insight into the cognitive-affective mechanisms driving motivated reasoning. Our experimental findings reveal that motivated reasoning is most pronounced when persuasive appeals employ a combination of emotional and rational elements within a negatively valenced argumentation. Furthermore, our computational model, which estimates belief and affect adjustments underlying attitude changes, elucidates how message framing influences cognitive-affective processes through emotional coherence. The results provide support for a negative correlation between shifts in coherence in response to new information and the propensity for motivated reasoning. The research contributes to computational models of opinion dynamics and social influence, offering a psychologically realistic framework for exploring individual reasoning's impact on population-level dynamics, particularly in policy contexts, where it can enhance communication and informed policy discussions.
Simultaneous profiling of full-length RNA transcripts and chromatin accessibility within single cells of human retinal organoids
Authors: Hu Youjin , Zhang Shuyao , Mo Xinzhi , Xiao Yuhua , Qiu Yuanhui , Zhong Jiawei , Chen Zheyao , Liu Xu , Chen Xu , Dai Wangxuan , Chen Jia , Jin Xishan , Fan Guoping
Published: December 2023

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing can integrate transcriptome and epigenome to analyze the complex mechanisms underlying neuron development and regeneration, but most current methods are based on second-generation short-read sequencing, which has low efficiency in detecting RNA structural heterogeneity. Long-length sequencing can analyze RNA structures, but the throughput and the number of transcripts detected at the single-cell level are very low, and single-cell level epigenome profiling has not been accomplished either. Therefore, there is currently a lack of an effective method that can integrate RNA splicing and epigenetic modification to analyze the molecular mechanism of neural development. This study developed a single-cell multi-omics assay based on short-read sequencing for the simultaneous detection of single-cell full-length RNA isoforms and DNA accessibility. The accuracy of its resolution in RNA transcript structure can reach 94.5%, and the sensitivity of detecting single-cell gene expression is twice that of third-generation sequencing. And it can detect over 10,000 single nuclei at one run, enabling the effective integrated analysis of single-cell RNA isoforms and DNA accessibility at high throughput. We used this method to construct a multidimensional cell atlas of human retinal organoids, and found that gene expression and differential choices of isoforms of multiple fate-determining factors were significantly associated with chromatin accessibility. This method provides a new technical method for dissecting the multidimensional molecular mechanism of fate determination in neural cell development and regeneration.
Multiplexed tumor profiling with generative AI accelerates histopathology workflows and improves clinical predictions
Authors: Rapsomaniki Maria Anna , Pati Pushpak , Karkampouna Sofia , Bonollo Francesco , Comperat Eva , Radic Martina , Spahn Martin , Martinelli Adriano , Wartenberg Martin , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de
Published: December 2023

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of tumors and its links to disease initiation and progression is a cornerstone of cancer biology. Presently, histopathology workflows heavily rely on hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and serial immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, a cumbersome, tissue-exhaustive process that results in non-aligned tissue images. We propose the VirtualMultiplexer, a generative AI toolkit that effectively synthesizes multiplexed IHC images for several antibody markers only from an input H&E image. The VirtualMultiplexer captures biologically relevant staining patterns across tissue scales without requiring consecutive tissue sections, image registration, or extensive expert annotations. Thorough qualitative and quantitative assessment indicates that the VirtualMultiplexer achieves rapid, robust and precise generation of virtually multiplexed imaging datasets of high staining quality that are indistinguishable from the real ones. The VirtualMultiplexer is successfully transferred across tissue-scales, patient cohorts, and cancer types with no need for model fine-tuning. Crucially, the virtually multiplexed images enabled training a Graph-Transformer that simultaneously learns from the joint spatial distribution of several proteins to predict clinically relevant endpoints. We observe that this multiplexed learning scheme was able to greatly improve the clinical prediction, as corroborated across several downstream tasks, independent patient cohorts and cancer types. Our results showcase the clinical relevance of AI-assisted multiplexed tumor imaging, accelerating histopathology workflows and cancer biology.
Restoration of miR-200c sensitizes breast cancer cells to cytarabine
Authors: Moghaddam Mahsa Maleki , Baghbani Elham , Alizadeh Hadi , Najafzadeh Basira , Kazemi Tohid , Sorkhabi Amin Daei , Alizadeh Nazila , Jafarlou Mahdi , Baradaran Behzad
Published: December 2023

Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women, which has led researchers to explore novel treatment strategies. A crucial obstacle in the treatment of breast cancer is the development of acquired chemoresistance. miR-200c has been found to be associated with decreased chemoresistance in various types of cancer. Mehtods and results: The results of the MTT assay indicated that the restoration of miR-200c in combination with cytarabine sensitized MDA-MB-468 cells to cytarabine, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, its restoration led to cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. Furthermore, qRT-PCR demonstrated reduced levels of c-Myc and Cyclin D1, as well as increased levels of p21. Our findings indicate that miR-200c increases the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to cytarabine, regulates cell cycle-related genes, and inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-468 cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that the restoration of miR-200c, in combination with cytarabine, could be a promising and innovative approach to treat breast cancer.
Disease perception and coping in patients with dry eye disease : a qualitative study
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Song Ziling , Yao Xin , Huang Xiaoqiong
Published: December 2023

Objective
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic eye disease characterized by dry eyes, eye fatigue, and eye discomfort. Few studies have been conducted from the subjective perspective of DED patients to understand how they feel and cope with their symptoms during the disease. This study aims to understand how Chinese DED patients understand and cope with their DED symptoms from the perspectives of disease perception and coping.
Methods
We chose the phenomenological approach in qualitative research used face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with DED patients, and used the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method to analyze the interview data and refine the themes.
Results
A total of 19 patients with DED were interviewed and three main themes were identified, which were 1. perceived health threat; 2. emotional experience of illness; 3. coping with illness.
Conclusions
The results of the study showed that DED patients had certain negative emotions and negative avoidance coping during the process of perceived health threats of DED, suggesting that the medical team should provide a full course of medical support, positive psychological counseling, and guidance to improve disease perception, change disease coping styles, and improve self-management of DED patients.
Changes in the Shape of Craniofacial Skeleton in Children Prenatally Exposed To Anticonvulsant Drugs: a Geometric Morphometric Study
Authors: Doumit Carmen M. , Saade Antoine , Will Leslie A.
Published: December 2023

Children exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs may have a typical facies characterized by midfacial retrusion, a short nose, and anterverted nares. We sought to examine these effects in more detail by using geometric morphometrics (GM). The lateral cephalograms of 65 children exposed prenatally to monotherapy (phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA), and the resulting configurations compared with those of control children. PCA revealed significant separation between the means when PC1 was plotted against PC 2 for all the areas studied: maxilla, entire cranial base, spheno-occipital region, and the total study area. DFA showed a shorter maxilla but taller sphenoidal body, nasion and orbitale more inferior, anterior nasal spine more superior, and sella turcica projected posteriorly and upward. Cross-validation accurately classified between 79.5% − 88.6% of the control group and between 73.8% and 81.5% of the study group when looking at the three anatomic regions. These details may help isolate the mechanism for the anomalies because of GM’s use of shape instead of traditional linear and angular cephalometric measurements.
A comprehensive map of the ageing blood methylome
Authors: EYNON NIR , Seale Kirsten , Teschendorff Andrew , Reiner Alexander , Voisin Sarah
Published: December 2023

During ageing, the human methylome exhibits both differential (i.e. change in mean) and variable (i.e. change in variance) shifts, along with a general rise in entropy. However, it remains unclear whether DNA methylation sites that increasingly diverge between people (i.e. variably methylated positions (VMPs)) are distinct from those undergoing changes in mean methylation levels (i.e. differentially methylated positions (DMPs)), which changes drive entropy, how they contribute to epigenetic age measured by epigenetic clocks, and whether cell type heterogeneity plays a role in these alterations. To address these questions, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using > 32,000 human blood methylomes from 56 datasets (age range = 6-101 years). Our findings revealed an unprecedented proportion of the blood methylome that is differentially methylated with age (48% DMPs; FDR < 0.005) and variably methylated with age (37% VMPs; FDR < 0.005), with many sites overlapping between the two groups (59% of DMPs are VMPs). We observed that bivalent and Polycomb regions become increasingly methylated and divergent between individuals, while quiescent regions lose methylation in a more homogeneous manner between individuals. Unexpectedly, both chronological and biological clocks, but not pace-of-aging clocks, show a strong enrichment for those CpGs that accrue both mean and variance changes during aging. Furthermore, we uncovered that it is the accumulation of DMPs shifting towards a methylation fraction of 50% that drive the increase in entropy, resulting in an overall smoothening of the epigenetic landscape. However, approximately a quarter of DMPs oppose this direction of change, exhibiting anti-entropic effects. While DMPs were mostly unaffected by changes in cell type composition, VMPs and entropy measurements showed moderate sensitivity to such alterations. This investigation represents the largest to date of genome-wide DNA methylation changes and ageing in a single tissue, offering valuable insights into primary molecular changes that hold meaning for chronological and biological ageing.
Endurance Results of a reFuels Fleet test in a real Application based on directly comparable Truck Test Pairs
Authors: Toedter Olaf , Weyhing Thomas , Koch Thomas , Fritsche Markus , Rodrigues Carlos , Dörr Sebastian , Stöhr Alexander , Weissert Roland , Hübeler Jörg , Behrens Carmen
Published: December 2023

Synthetic fuels from a renewable base are an essential part of a greenhouse gas neutral mobility, especially in transport sector. While scaling production of e-fuels (fuels based on electrolysis hydrogen) is ongoing, HVO called paraffinic diesel fuels are already available. Their production is based on the hydrogenation of waste and residues and they are established as diesel substitute in several applications. With regard to the approval of these fuels in German regulation, the question repeatedly arises as to whether they can be used easily and what effects can be achieved. This article describes an application in a real logistics application, in which both the everyday use and the concrete comparability to a refueling with conventional gas station diesel were ensured.
The use of several parallel active and different truck pairs has shown that the use of HVO in existing vehicles has achieved the desired CO2 reduction. A detailed analysis of the engine oil also showed that no undesirable effects could be observed here either. From the perspective of this project, HVO fuels are ready for use for a significant greenhouse gas reduction in logistics.
Introducing Digital Air Traffic Controllers for Urban Air Mobility to Ensure Safe and Energy-efficient Flight Operations
Authors: Schier-Morgenthal Sebastian , Abdellaoui Rabeb , Metz Isabel
Published: December 2023

Facing the continued growth of cities, the introduction of urban air mobility intends to reduce traffic congestion and improve the quality of services such as on-demand-transport, reduced travel times and increased connectivity. Nevertheless, its integration into existing air traffic flows remains one of the biggest challenges ahead, especially once controlled airspace overlaps with urban air mobility areas, such as at airport control zones. Here, air traffic control needs to coordinate among urban air mobility vehicles and conventional air traffic. In 2022, DLR conducted a human-in-the-loop simulation with ten air traffic controllers to validate previously developed workflows for that coordination task applied for Hamburg airport. The simulation results revealed that additional urban air mobility traffic increases controllers’ experienced workload up to 30% while slightly reducing their perceived situation awareness. Thus, a majority of controllers participating in the trials suggested to introduce an additional controller working position to exclusively control airtaxis and traffic following visual flight rules. This option is assessed as owning a high potential as cost intensive adaptions of regulations and procedures can be omitted. Nevertheless, the feasibility of this option is rather low due to the limited availability of endorsed human controllers.
This study proposes a concept for a digital controller taking the responsibility of guidance for airtaxis under visual flight rules traffic (abbr. VFR) within a control zone. This digital controller is named “UAM digital controller” (abbr UDC) and based on algorithms calculating slots and trajectories which have been validated in previous DLR projects. The UDC coordinates with the human controller once a potential conflict is detected. Within the study, first the concept of the digital controller is defined, following existing work. As a second step, a theoretical evaluation based on an air traffic control task model and an operational concept for airtaxi integration will analyse the task load reduction for the human controller. Last but not least, the expected energy saving of flight operations by the digital controllers will be assessed.
An updated method on the injectivity of integral operators related to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru
Published: December 2023

A new theorem on the injectivity of the linear operators on separable Hilbert spaces is introduced, extending the Injectivity Criteria from [1]. The Corollary puts it together with the Injectivity Criteria backing up the discretization methods, Galerkin and the finite rank operators orthogonal projections.
Their matrix representations of the integral operator on the dense family of approximation subspaces, almost coincide and, in both cases we proved the injectivity of the integral operator used by Alcantara-Bode equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis.
Some observations regarding the sparsity of the matrix representations of the integral operators projections are made too.
subjclass: 65R99, 47G10, 45P05
Compost Amendment Enhances Leaf Gas Exchange, Growth, and Yield in Water-challenged ‘Crimson Giant’ Red Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Alsadon Abdullah , Dewir Yaser Hassan , Ibrahim Abdullah , Alenazi Mekhled , Osman Mohamed , Al-Selwey Wadei A. , Ali Mahmoud A.A. , Shady Mohamed , Alsughayyir Ali , Hakiman Mansor
Published: December 2023

Red radish is a nutritious root vegetable crop that has a short production cycle. Water deficit limits plant productivity, affecting its quantity and quality. Compost amendment offers a potential solution to mitigate water deficit effects. This study assessed the impact of compost manure rates (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and irrigation treatments (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of evapotranspiration) on ‘Crimson Giant’ red radish production. Significant differences in growth and quality were observed among these treatments. Compost rates of 75% and 100% improved leaf gas exchange, plant growth (leaf count, fresh weight, dry weight, and area; stem length), root development, total yield (root fresh weight, dry weight, diameter, and length), and root quality (vitamin C and total soluble solid and titratable acidity). The 100% compost and 100% irrigation combination achieved the highest yields. Under water deficit, applying 75% or 100% compost with 80% irrigation conserved 20% of water while maintaining radish output. Overall, compost amendment effectively enhanced red radish growth and production under water deficit.
Nutrient Solution Application of a Calcium-mobilizing Biostimulant Mitigates Tipburn without Decreasing Biomass of Greenhouse Hydroponic Lettuce
Authors: Biradar Kishan , Meng Qingwu
Published: December 2023

Lettuce tipburn is a physiological disorder characterized by marginal necrosis and curling of inner, younger leaves caused by localized calcium deficiency, especially in low evapotranspiration environments that restrict mass flow and thus calcium mobility. Severe tipburn negatively affects the marketability and quality of greenhouse-grown hydroponic lettuce. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a chemical-based, calcium-mobilizing biostimulant for mitigating lettuce tipburn when applied in hydroponic nutrient solutions. Butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Rex’) was grown indoors under warm-white light-emitting diodes at a mean photosynthetic photon flux density of 300 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1 for 11 days. Subsequently, we transplanted seedlings into deep-water-culture hydroponic trays in a greenhouse at an air temperature of 24.6 ± 1.2 °C, relative humidity of 76.2% ± 7.4%, and 20-hour photoperiod with supplemental lighting from high-pressure sodium lamps. The plants were grown in nutrient solutions with and without the biostimulant codenamed CC US-2105 at two concentrations (22 and 220 μL⋅L−1). Data were collected from plant samples at three harvests at 14, 21, and 28 days after transplant (DAT). At 14 DAT, there was no tipburn under any treatments. Compared with the control, the biostimulant at 22 μL⋅L−1 increased shoot dry mass by 31%. At 21 DAT, the biostimulant at 220 μL⋅L−1 eliminated tipburn, and the biostimulant increased shoot fresh weight by 28%, irrespective of the concentration. At 28 DAT, despite sufficient calcium in the whole plant and the remaining nutrient solution, severe tipburn still occurred in plants that did not receive the biostimulant (control). Compared with the control, the biostimulant at the higher concentration of 220 μL⋅L−1 decreased the tipburn rating by 88% and the number of leaves with tipburn by 85%, increased the plant diameter by 11%, increased the total leaf number by six, and accumulated higher levels of manganese and zinc. In contrast, these parameters remained unaffected at the lower biostimulant concentration of 22 μL⋅L−1. At 28 DAT, shoot biomass was unaffected by the biostimulant. In conclusion, the calcium-mobilizing biostimulant is an effective strategy to mitigate hydroponic lettuce tipburn without decreasing biomass accumulation in greenhouse conditions.
A multivariate statistical approach for mineral geographic provenance determination using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and electron microprobe chemical data: A case study of copper-bearing tourmalines
Authors: Dutrow Barbara L. , McMillan Nancy J. , Henry Darrell J.
Published: December 2023

The geographic provenance of minerals provides key insights into a range of geologic problems, including the source of gem materials. The tourmaline supergroup is unparalleled in its ability to record and preserve extensive chemical signatures of its formational environment. To evaluate the likelihood that tourmalines of similar compositions from separate geographic localities could be differentiated, a multivariate statistical approach has been utilized on two complementary data sets. These chemical analytical data sets of copper-bearing “Paraíba” tourmaline include data sets acquired with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA).

Fifty-four samples of copper-bearing tourmalines from known source locations from Brazil (São José de Batalha of Paraíba state and the neighboring Rio Grande do Norte state), Mozambique, and Nigeria, were analyzed using LIBS with a subset of these samples analyzed by EMP. Data sets obtained by each method were evaluated with multivariate statistics (PCA, PLSR). Although the sample set is limited, sequential PLSR modeling of the spectra clearly distinguished the four localities with high success: >95% for LIBS and >87% for EMP. The statistical analyses of the two techniques, LIBS and EMP, suggest that each technique emphasizes different elements for discrimination when considered in the context of the available data. The elements Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zn, K, H, Co, and V were significant in LIBS chemometric models. Statistically significant elements in EMP models were Mn, Cu, Al, Ca, K, and F. Each technique results in a robust determination for geographic provenance of tourmalines with comparable compositions. The significant distinguishing chemical elements reflect geochemical distinctions in each host environment that are imparted on the tourmaline. Multivariate statistics applied to LIBS and EMP data provide an effective tool for provenance discrimination of Paraíba tourmalines, distinguishing Brazilian-sourced samples from African-sourced materials. These data provide new methods for separating the geographic origin of minerals with very similar composition such as demonstrated here for copper-bearing tourmalines.
Quantification of Ammonium Release from an Aging Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland To Improve Treatment Performance
Authors: Kamrath Brock J.W. , Burchell Michael R. , Birgand François , Aziz Tarek
Published: December 2023

One potential cause of declining performance in free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands (CW) is the accretion of decaying biomass or detritus. Over time (10–20 years), this detritus can form a new substrate above the antecedent wetland soil. As FWS CWs continue to age across the country, we must better understand the influence of this accumulated detritus substrate on nitrogen (N) removal to improve design and inform operators about the importance of management and removal. A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the ammonium (NH4-N) released from accumulated detritus and to develop a kinetic model that would represent this release. Three experimental runs were conducted, each using 9 wetland microcosms equally loaded with detritus (mainly from Typha spp.) from a 20+ year-old FWS CW. Each run was conducted with 3 variable initial NH4-N concentrations in the water column (0 mg L-1, 5 mg L-1, and 10 mg L-1). Each initial concentration was triplicated and randomly assigned. The release of NH4-N was inversely proportional to initial water column concentrations and was reasonably represented using first order kinetics (mean R2 = 0.77). Valid parameter values were calibrated for 23 of the 27 experimental units (i.e., wetland microcosms). The porewater NH4-N concentration (Cpw ) and the rate constant (ku) parameter values ranged from 4.7 mg L-1 to 21.5 mg L-1 and 0.004 m d-1 to 0.13 m d-1 (1.5 m yr-1 to 47.4 m yr-1 ), respectively. The potential areal NH4-N release rates (JUF) from the detritus substrate at an overlying water column concentration of 4 mg L-1 and 6 mg L-1 were 0.21 g-N m-2 d-1 and 0.14 g-N m-2 d-1 (70 g-N m-2 yr-1 and 50 g-N m-2 yr-1), respectively. At these rates, NH4-N diffusion from the detritus substrate would substantially influence N removal performance in lightly loaded systems (TKN load <120 g-N m-2 yr-1). These results provided an initial estimate of the magnitude of NH4-N release from accumulated detritus, as well as evidence to support the inclusion of NH4-N flux in initial design models and the importance of regular FWS CW maintenance.
Laser-induced heating for the experimental study of critical Casimir forces with optical trapping
Authors: Martinez Ignacio A. , Petrosyan Artyom , Ciliberto Sergio
Published: December 2023

Critical Casimir interactions represent a perfect example of bath-induced forces at mesoscales. These forces may have a relevant role in the living systems as well as a role in the design of nanomachines fueled by environmental fluctuations. Since the thermal fluctuations are enhanced in the vicinity of a demixing point of a second-order phase transition, we can modulate the magnitude and range of these Casimir-like forces by slight changes in the temperature. Here, we consider two optical trapped colloidal beads inside a binary mixture. The Casimir interaction is controlled by warming the mixture by laser-induced heating, whose local application ensures high reproducibility. Once this two-particle system is warmed, the critical behavior of different observables allows the system to become its self-thermometer. We use this experimental scheme for analyzing the energetics of a critical colloidal system under a non-equilibrium-driven protocol. We quantify how the injected work can be dissipated to the environment as heat or stored as free energy. Indeed, our system allows us to use the fluctuation theorems framework for analyzing the performance of this critically driven toy model. Our work paves the way for future experimental studies on the non-equilibrium features of bath-induced forces and the design of critically driven nanosystems.
Dynamics of sarcopenia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Khitaryan A. G. , Abovyan A. A. , Mezhunts A. V. , Orekhov A. A. , Karukes R. V. , Rogut A. A. , Khitaryan V. A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most popular bariatric procedures. However, the Impact of alimentary and biliopancreatic loops lengths on the results of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass with a maximum restrictive component remains insufficiently studied.

Aim. To compare the long-term results of RYGB with a maximum restrictive component at different lengths of alimentary and biliopancreatic loops.

Materials and methods. Our retrospective study included 170 patients: 98 (57.6%) in the group with long alimentary and biliopancreatic loops, 72 (42.4%) in the group with short loops. Follow-up examinations were carried out with a follow-up period of at least 24 months (median follow-up 38 months). In the first group, the lengths of the alimentary and biliopancreatic loops were 150 and 100 cm, in the second group – 100 and 60 cm respectively. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent a standard set of examinations with an obligatory determination of the skeletal muscle mass index using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. The size of the gastroenteroanastomosis was assessed 12 months after surgery using fibrogastroscopy.

Results. Both groups showed good results in weight loss and control of associated diseases. The prevalence of moderate sarcopenia in the group of RYGB with long loops was 24.5% (19.4% in the preoperative period), severe sarcopenia was observed in 3% of the subjects (initially severe sarcopenia was not detected in any patient). In the group of RYGB with short loops, the incidence of sarcopenia increased from 13 to 16% (the difference is statistically insignificant). No pronounced sarcopenia was detected in this group after surgery.

Conclusion. If patients have signs of moderate sarcopenia according to bioelectrical impedance analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as in the elderly, it is advisable to perform RYGB with a minimal malabsorptive and maximum restrictive component.
Acute bronchitis: issues and options
Authors: Zaitsev A. A. , Filon E. A. , Budoragin I. E.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Acute bronchitis (AB) is a very common disease of viral etiology. In real-life practice, the treatment of AB is associated with widespread irrational antibiotic prescribing, which requires the overall implementation of patient management algorithms comprising the identification of biomarkers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein. Mucoactive therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with AB, however the debate over the most effective treatments continues to this day. The emergence of new original drugs, in particular, Erdosteine, expands efficient therapeutic opportunities for AB.

Aim. To analyse the clinical effectiveness of the use of the mucoactive agent Erdostein (Edomari) vs routine use of mucolytics in AB.

Materials and methods. We reviewed the management of 60 patients with AB, 30 of which received Erdosteine (Group 1), the remaining 30 patients received standard mucoactive therapy (Acetylcysteine, Ambroxol, etc.). The following variables were assessed: the time required for reversal of all symptoms of the disease expressed as a total BSS scale score (Bronchitis Severity Score), the time required for reversal of productive cough that needs the use of mucolytics, the period of temporary disability, and levels of C-reactive protein.

Results and discussion. The average CRP level at disease onset was 18.4 ± 8.2 mg/L. The average WBC count was 7.8 ± 3.5 (×109/l). In AB, the duration of productive cough in the Erdosteine group was 5.7 ± 1.4 days, while in group 2 (real-life practice) the duration of mucolytics therapy was 7.1 ± 1.3 days (p < 0.05). The total BSS scale score in group 1 on day 7 was 3.2 ± 0.9, in group 2 – 3.5 ± 0.9. The reversal of physical signs of AB required 5.3 ± 1.2 days in the Erdosteine group, and 5.7 ± 1.4 days in group 2. The period of temporary disability in group 1 was 8.7 ± 1.2 days, in group 2 – 9.1 ± 1.3 days.

Conclusion. Thus, we collected objective data supporting the possibility of using C-reactive protein test in deciding the issue of antimicrobial therapy prescribing. The CRP level observed (18.4 ± 8.2 mg/l) indicated a viral etiology of AB. The use of original Erdosteine (Edomari) in the treatment of acute bronchitis is estimated as highly effective. The average duration of effective mucolytics therapy in AB is 5–7 days.
¿Hacia un lenguaje incluyente y sin sexismo? Análisis de la perspectiva de género en la campaña de la candidata Delfina Gómez en Twitter
Authors: Estrada García María Concepción , Saldaña José Melisa , Pérez Jiménez Daniel Alejandro , Ruiz Barrios Karla Fernanda , Rodríguez Sánchez Óscar
Published: December 2023

La elección en 2023 en el Estado de México conformó un escenario nunca antes presenciado, ya que mediante coaliciones partidistas Alejandra del Moral y Delfina Gómez, contendieron por la gubernatura; en este proceso electoral Gómez obtuvo la victoria. En la presente investigación estudiamos las publicaciones en Twitter (ahora X) de Delfina Gómez para determinar el tratamiento en cuanto a perspectiva de género. Es relevante acotar que la candidata ocupa un lenguaje incluyente y sin sexismo mediante el cual estructura sus publicaciones a partir de dar visibilidad a las mujeres como parte fundamental de un proceso electoral. Sin embargo, también utiliza el masculino genérico englobador en su discurso, lo cual marca raíces heteropatriarcales arraigadas. Se aportan categorías elementales para analizar las publicaciones utilizadas desde un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo a partir del análisis de contenido mediante una herramienta conceptual denominada perspectiva de género.
A Comprehensive Review of Alternative Therapeutic Approaches for Nausea
and Vomiting Relief in Pregnancy
Authors: Panchal Manish , Rana Priyakshi , Garg Nitika , Dhankhar Sanchit , Sharma Himanshu , Chauhan Samrat
Published: December 2023

Alternative medication is used for treating the common problems associated with pregnancy. 80% of women suffer from morning sickness during
pregnancy. Treatment during pregnancy via using non-pharmacological therapy is quite popular all over the world as it is safe and has no negative
effects on the fetus. Nausea and vomiting are one of the most prominent problems faced by pregnant women. Acupressure and Aromatherapy have
been used by pregnant ladies nowadays for relieving nausea and vomiting symptoms. Conventional therapies also aid in medication of morning
sickness in pregnancy duration that covers drugs like Antiemetics, Corticosteroids, Antihistaminic, IV fluids and Vitamin-B6 supplements. Many
scientific studies have demonstrated that few drugs that come under conventional treatment cause severe birth defects and stillbirth. This is the
leading reason pregnant women prefer to use herbs instead of using conventional medical treatment. The prospective of this review article is to find
out the alternative and conventional therapeutic approaches for alleviating the symptoms of morning sickness during pregnancy.
Legitimately Incongruous: Exploring Artistic and Legal Interplays in A Game of War (2021)
Authors: Bérard Sixtine
Published: December 2023

This essay examines the filmed mock trial A Game of War (2021) by TWIIID, a Flemish legal soundboard for the arts, and its contribution to the discourse on appropriation art and the parody exception in copyright law. By focusing on the case of the (mock) trial between Samson Kambalu and Gianfranco Sanguinetti, the article delves into the intricate legal and artistic aspects within this specific context. While not comprehensive of the entire contemporary discourse on copyright and appropriation art, this case serves as a microcosm for examining and understanding major themes and issues. The essay argues that A Game of War functions as both a re-enactment and pre-enactment, acknowledging the limitations of conventional jurisdiction while closely adhering to established legal precedents. In doing so, the film highlights the temporal fluidity of p(re)enactments and the dynamic nature of temporality in law and performance. The explicit intertwining of past, present, and future emerges as a shared characteristic of both (p)re-enactments like A Game of War and court trials, wherein the past is reconstructed and potential futures are envisioned within the ‘now’ of the trial. Furthermore, by employing artistic methodologies such as p(re)enactments to enrich the imaginative capacities of the legal realm in the context of appropriation art and copyright issues, A Game of War compellingly expresses the potential for art and law to mutually inform and enhance one another. Consequently, the film opens new avenues for dialogue and fosters a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between artistic expression and the complex web of legal frameworks.
The Judiciary’s Theatrical Achilles’ Heel: Acting the Fool (RAF members) compared to Acting in Bad Faith (Alex Jones)
Authors: Korsten Frans-Willem
Published: December 2023

This article compares theatrical courtroom provocations by leftist activists and militants in the 1960s and 1970s with recent ‘bad faith’ actions in court by the American right-wing activist Alex Jones. The article proposes that law’s theatrical way of showing a general audience how the judiciary aims to serve justice is annoyed but not threatened by defendants acting the fool. The reason is that acting the fool provokes a confrontation between two different kinds of theater in court. In this confrontation, the agonistic logic of the court case is still operative, with the law embodying power and the accused acting as its carnivalesque challenger. When the accused acts in bad faith, however, there is a double confrontation, namely inside and outside the court. Those acting in bad faith are what Johan Huizinga defines as spoilsports who pretend to play the game while aiming to destroy it. The article considers how the spoilsport manifests itself in and outside of court through contemporary media and concludes that the theatrical nature of the judiciary needs protection in order to do justice to victims.
On Theater, Law, and Justice (Not Necessarily in That Order)
Authors: Nellis Steff
Published: December 2023

This special issue of Documenta delves into the reciprocal relationship between ‘Theater and Law,’ establishing an interdisciplinary space for justice that transcends conventional legal boundaries. In contrast to traditional, rigid judicial frameworks that revolve around accusing and sentencing clearly defined defendants, the performing and visual arts provide a reflective environment for reevaluating legal cases and systems. Each article in this issue aspires to reconceptualize established legal perspectives by presenting artistically inspired alternatives. The contributions illustrate how the performing and visual arts foster empathetic and progressive alternatives to the judicial process, both within and beyond traditional court settings. To underscore the significance of these artistically inspired alternatives, this introduction examines the tragic case of Sanda Dia, a twenty-year-old student who died during an extreme initiation ritual from a student corps at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in 2018.
Holistic Human-Serving Digitization of Health Care Needs Integrated Automated System-Level Assessment Tools (Preprint)
Authors: Welzel Cindy , Cotte Fabienne , Wekenborg Magdalena , Vasey Baptiste , McCulloch Peter , Gilbert Stephen
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital health tools, platforms, and artificial intelligence– or machine learning–based clinical decision support systems are increasingly part of health delivery approaches, with an ever-greater degree of system interaction. Critical to the successful deployment of these tools is their functional integration into existing clinical routines and workflows. This depends on system interoperability and on intuitive and safe user interface design. The importance of minimizing emergent workflow stress through human factors research and purposeful design for integration cannot be overstated. Usability of tools in practice is as important as algorithm quality. Regulatory and health technology assessment frameworks recognize the importance of these factors to a certain extent, but their focus remains mainly on the individual product rather than on emergent system and workflow effects. The measurement of performance and user experience has so far been performed in ad hoc, nonstandardized ways by individual actors using their own evaluation approaches. We propose that a standard framework for system-level and holistic evaluation could be built into interacting digital systems to enable systematic and standardized system-wide, multiproduct, postmarket surveillance and technology assessment. Such a system could be made available to developers through regulatory or assessment bodies as an application programming interface and could be a requirement for digital tool certification, just as interoperability is. This would enable health systems and tool developers to collect system-level data directly from real device use cases, enabling the controlled and safe delivery of systematic quality assessment or improvement studies suitable for the complexity and interconnectedness of clinical workflows using developing digital health technologies.
A Multicomponent Intervention (POSSIBLE) to Improve Perceived Risk for HIV Among Black Sexual Minority Men: Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dangerfield II Derek T , Anderson Janeane N , Wylie Charleen , Bluthenthal Ricky , Beyrer Chris , Farley Jason E
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Increased pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is urgently needed to substantially decrease HIV incidence among Black sexual minority men. Low perceived risk for HIV (PRH) is a key unaddressed PrEP barrier for Black sexual minority men. Peers and smartphone apps are popular intervention tools to promote community health behaviors, but few studies have used these together in a multicomponent strategy. Therefore, we designed a multicomponent intervention called POSSIBLE that used an existing smartphone app called PrEPme (Emocha Mobile Health, Inc) and a peer change agent (PCA) to increase PRH as a gateway to PrEP.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the feasibility and preliminary impact of POSSIBLE on PRH and willingness to accept a PrEP referral among Black sexual minority men.

METHODS

POSSIBLE was a theoretically guided, single-group, 2-session pilot study conducted among Black sexual minority men from Baltimore, Maryland between 2019 and 2021 (N=69). POSSIBLE integrated a PCA and the PrEPme app that allows users to self-monitor sexual risk behaviors and chat with the in-app community health worker to obtain PrEP service information. PRH was assessed using the 8-item PRH scale before and after baseline and follow-up study visits. At the end of each study visit, the PCA referred interested individuals to the community health worker to learn more about PrEP service options.

RESULTS

The average age of participants was 32.5 (SD 8.1, range 19-62) years. In total, 55 (80%) participants were retained for follow-up at month 1. After baseline sessions, 29 (42%) participants were willing to be referred to PrEP services, 20 (69%) of those confirmed scheduled appointments with PrEP care teams. There were no statistically significant differences in PRH between baseline and follow-up visits (t122=–1.36; P=.17).

CONCLUSIONS

We observed no statistically significant improvement in PRH between baseline and month 1. However, given the high retention rate and acceptability, POSSIBLE may be feasible to implement. Future research should test a statistically powered peer-based approach on PrEP initiation among Black sexual minority men.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04533386; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04533386