bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina) extract
Authors: MARSETYA YUANA RIKHA , MUDJIJONO MUDJIJONO , HASTUTI SRI
Published: July 2018

Marsetya YR, Mudjijono, Hastuti S. 2009. Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina) extract. Biofarmasi 7: 77-86. This research was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the relationship between antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid contents in snake gourd extract. The extract was prepared by a maceration using methanol, and then continued by an extraction using solvent with increasing polarity. Extract obtained was analyzed to determine the antioxidant activity, and they were compared to the synthetic antioxidant, BHT (Butylated Hidroxytoluene) and PG (Propyl Gallate). The antioxidant activity was determined using the modification of Î²-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion system. Phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the flavonoid content was determined using AlCl3 reagent. The result of this research showed that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract (29.566%) was higher than BHT (16.268%), and it was not significantly different from PG (29.452%). Chloroform extract had the highest antioxidant activity (36.384%), followed by water, hexane, butanol, and ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Phenolic contents of each extract (methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were 1.904, 3.547, 2.553, 3.114, and 1.776 g GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/100 g extract, and the flavonoid contents were 4.072, 4.162, 1.751, 2.944, and 1.392 g QE (Quercetin Equivalent)/100 g extract, respectively. A positive relationship was found in this research, the chloroform extract that had the highest antioxidant activity contained the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid. This study showed that snake gourd could be used as a source of natural antioxidant.
The influence of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) extract toward the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes on white mice induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: SURYA D. HERMAWAN , MARIYAH YUL , TAHONO TAHONO
Published: July 2018

Surya DH, Mariyah Y, Tahono. 2009. The influence of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) extract toward the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes on white mice induced by carbon tetrachloride. Biofarmasi 7: 87-93. Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a wellknown crop in the society. It is determined for its contents including proxeronine and some antioxidants, i.e. ascorbic acid and beta-carotene that function to maintain and improve cell function. This research used hepatic cells considering the vital function of the hepatic organ in the body. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of noni fruit extract to reduce hepatic cells damage induced by CCl4. This research was included into laboratory experimental research and used a completely randomized design. The samples consisted of 25 male white mice (Mus musculus) type Swiss Webster with the age between 3-4 months and the weight between 20-30 grams, and divided into 5 groups. The first group was the CCl4 control group, in which white mice were given toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW without noni fruit extract treatment. The second group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 0.56 g/20 g BW for 8 days, and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The third group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 1.12 g/20 g BW for 8 days, and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The fourth group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 2.24 g/20 g BW for 8 days and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The fifth group consisted of white mice given only water and daily food for 8 days. Blood samples from all white mice were taken after 24 hours to determine the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes. The results were analyzed by using One-Way Anova statistical test, which continued with Post Hoc Test and Tukey Test. The result of research showed that noni fruit extract in dosage of 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/20 g BW given per oral could reduce SGOT level in 214.48Â±48.804 U/I, 151.16Â±22.811 U/I, and 169.62Â±44.891 U/l, respectively, compared with a positive control of CCl4 that was 296.62Â±59.254 U/I. Meanwhile, SGPT level became 55.42Â±4.292, 54.34Â±6.896, 58.58Â±8.210 U/I, compared with a positive control of CCl4 that was 83.96Â±2.931 U/I.
Effect of herbal extract of anting-anting (Acalypha australis) on blood glucose level of Balb/C mice with induction of Streptozotocin
Authors: OCKTARINI RIZKY , PRASETYO DIDING HERI , SJARIFAH IPOP
Published: July 2018

Ocktarini R, Prasetyo DH, Sjarifah I. 2011. Effect of herbal extract of anting-anting (Acalypha australis) on blood glucose level of Balb/C mice with induction of Streptozotocin. Biofarmasi 9: 12-16. This study was conducted to determine the effect of herbal extract of anting-anting (Acalypha australis L.) on the decrease of blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced with Streptozotocin. This research was an experimental laboratory with pre and post-test control group design, conducted in Laboratory of Biochemistry and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The test animals used were 16 male mice, about 4-6 weeks of age with approximately 20-30 grams induced with Streptozotocin in 0.02 M citric buffer solution, and a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the mice were divided into two groups (Metformin in a dose of 1.3 mg/mice/day and herbal extract of anting-anting 1000 mg/kg BB/day) randomly, each group consisted of 8 mice. All mice were observed for GDS level after 14 days treatment period. The data obtained was processed by using the Independent-Samples T-test statistical test (unpaired t-test) with SPSS for Microsoft Windows Release 18.0. Mean of decreased GDS levels on Metformin group vs herbal extract of anting-anting (145.87 mg/dl vs 144.62 mg/dl, p=0.965). The treatment of herbal extract of anting-anting in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day could decrease blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced with Streptozotocin that equal with Metformin.
The addition of ginger extract in making soymilk powder by spray drying method: Chemical constituents, sensory characteristic and antioxidant activity
Authors: PRAMITASARI DIKA , ANANDHITO R. BASKORO KATRI , FAUZA GUSTI
Published: July 2018

Pramitasari D, Anandhito RBK, Fauza G. 2011. The addition of ginger extract in making soymilk powder by spray drying method: Chemical constituents, sensory characteristic and antioxidant activity. Biofarmasi 9: 17-25. Soybean has better nutritional contents than other legumes. Soybean is appropriate to produce soymilk due to the protein contents which similar to cow milk. However, soymilk has an unpleasant beany flavor taste which less favored by consumers. This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract adding on soy milk powder which produced by a spray dryer method regarding to chemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the consumer acceptance of product. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different concentrations of ginger extract treatments. The treatments were consisted of the ginger extract concentration by 0% (P1 as control), 2% (P2) and 3% (P3). The chemical characteristics were proximate analysis (AOAC), antioxidant activity (DPPH) and sensory characteristic (hedonic quality test). The statistical analysis used was ANOVA method at Î±=5% and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that moisture, ash, and fat content of product were not significantly different from P1, but the protein content and the antioxidant activity were significantly increasing due to the addition of ginger extract. The lowest antioxidant activity was P1, while the highest was P3. The sensory test result showed that the product with the highest overall preferences was P3.
Effect of salam leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum to decrease blood triglyceride white rats
Authors: NUGROHO ANDHIKA AJI , HIKMAYANI NUR HAFIDHA , DJUMAGA SUTARMIADJI
Published: July 2018

Nugroho AA, Hikmayanti NH, Djumaga S. 2012. Effect of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf extract to decrease blood triglyceride level on white rats. Biofarmasi 10: 40-45. This study aimed to determine the effect of bay [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.] leaf extract to decrease the blood triglyceride level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was an laboratory experimental research with pre and post-test design with control group. This research used 30 Wistar white rats, with Â±200 g body weight and the age of Â±2 months, divided into 5 groups by a random sampling, six rats per group. Group I was a negative control, group II was a positive control, groups III, IV and V was treated with the bay leaf extract in the doses of I, II and III. All groups were fed of hyperkolemia, group II was treated by Gemfibrozil 20 mg/200 g BW/day, while groups III, IV and V were treated by the bay leaf extract with the doses of 0.18 g, 0.36 g and 0.72 g/200 g BW/day. The study was conducted for 35 days. On the 28th and 35th day, the blood of all rats was taken from orbital vein for blood triglyceride levels measured in pre-test and post-test. The data were statistically analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test and a post-hoc test. There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test in the levels of blood triglycerides of white rats (p<0.001), in which a post-hoc test results showed the comparison between negative control and Gemfibrozil was p<0.001, and the comparison between the groups of the bay leaf extract with Gemfibrozil was p>0.05, and the comparison of three doses of bay leaf extract was p>0.05. The provision of bay leaf extract could reduce the blood triglyceride levels of white rats significantly compared with the negative control, whereas the effects of three doses of bay leaf extract was comparable with the effects of Gemfibrozil.
Addition of various types of honey as alternative sweetener in white dragon (Hylocereus undatus) juice drink
Authors: AJI SOLEH PURWONO , ANANDITO R. BASKARA KATRI , NURHARTADI EDHI
Published: July 2018

Aji SP, Anandito BK, Nurhartadi E. 2013. Study of addition of various types of honey as alternative sweetener in white dragon (Hylocereus undatus) juice drink. Biofarmasi 11: 13-18. Indonesia is a tropical country, so people tend to consume lots of water to refresh the body. Along with the development of technology and the desire of people to come back to healthy life, it is necessary to manufacture beverage that have functional value. Dragon fruit has a large nutritional content. Dragon fruit contains several bioactive components, such as: anthocyanin, vitamin C, beta-carotene and soluble fiber in the form of pectin. Therefore, the processing of dragon fruit into juice that contains bioactive components is potential. In general, fruit juice beverage use a sweetener based on sucrose, therefore in this study it was used honey as an alternative sweetener that has a functional value. This research aimed to study the making of white dragon juice (Hylocereus undatus) using honey sweetener types of rambutan, kelengkeng and randu, and to analyze its chemical characteristic (vitamin C and antioxidant) and sensory properties (taste, color, aftertaste, overall). In this study, it was used white dragon fruit and various types of honey such as randu honey, rambutan honey and kelengkeng honey with the concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The results showed that dragon fruit juice with the addition of rambutan honey contained vitamin C and antioxidant greater than the addition of randu and kelengkeng honey. The addition of honey with the different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) could also increase vitamin C and antioxidant contents in the produced functional beverage. The higher concentration of honey that added, the higher produced vitamin C and antioxidant contents. Meanwhile, the sensory test results of color, taste, aftertaste and overall parameters for dragon fruit juice samples with the addition of rambutan, rambutan and kelengkeng honey, the average of panelists gave a like score. But, the higher concentration of honey that added, the sensory results indicated the panelist preference decreased. According to the results of the panelist study showed the level of fondness in all types of honey at a concentration of 10%.
The analysis of nutrient and fiber content of banana (Musa paradisiaca) sold in Pontianak, Indonesia
Authors: HASANAH RIZKA , DANINGSIH ENTIN , TITIN TITIN
Published: July 2018

Hasanah R, Daningsih E, Titin. 2017. The analysis of nutrient and fiber content of banana (Musa paradisiaca) sold in Pontianak, Indonesia. Biofarmasi (Rumphius J Nat Prod Biochem) 15: 21-25. This study aimed to find out the effect of varieties of banana and market places to nutrients and fiber of bananas which were sold in Pontianak. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial model with main factors of varieties of banana (barangan, masak hijau, singapura), market places namely traditional market, fruit stores, and side road kiosk, and the combination of varieties and market places of banana. The variable tests were carbohydrate, glucose, fructose, sucrose, protein, lipid, vitamin C, crude fiber, water and ash content test. The result was processed with SAS application 6.12 version using ANOVA CRD Factorial and significances followed by LSD Î±=0.05. Result found varieties of banana affected on significantly to total carbohydrate, glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, lipid, and water but did not significantly affect on crude fiber, and ash. The market places gave no significant effect on total carbohydrate, glucose, fructose, sucrose, protein, vitamin C, crude fiber, water but gave significant affect on ash content. The combination between varieties and market places affected significantly on specific nutrient content. Barangan was good on total carbohydrate, vitamin C, and ash whilst masak hijau was highest on glucose, fructose, sucrose, and crude fiber. In addition, singapura was highest on protein, lipid and water.
Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels
Authors: HAMED AWADIA ALDOW RAMADAN , MUSTAFA SALMA ELGHALI
Published: July 2018

Hamed AAR, Mustafa SE. 2018. Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 1-7. Pectin is characterized as intricate blends of polysaccharides that compose around 33% of the cell-wall dry substance of most kind of plants. This study was done to extricate pectin from completely ripen pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) using two distinct techniques; soxhlet acid extraction technique and acid extraction technique, and to find out the impact of utilizing distinctive acids on the yield of pectin; nitric and citric acids were utilized. In addition, to analyze the impact of time in pectin yield, the extraction procedure was carried out using 3 different times, namely, 30, 60 and 90 min. The chemical substances of pumpkin peel (dampness, ash, protein, fat, fiber, total sugar and calcium) and the chemical properties of pectin (methoxyl content, acetyl content, identical weight and level of esterification) extracted with both nitric and citric acids were also identified. The outcomes produced by the soxhlet acid extraction technique and acid extraction technique were 7.72% nitric acid and 6.80% citric acid, and 6.24% nitric acid and 5.36% citric acid respectively which demonstrated that the utilization of soxhlet acid extraction technique with nitric acid got the highest yield of pectin. Additionally it was also discovered that the time for pectin extraction was 60 min at very most. The outcome for the chemical substances of pumpkin peel (dampness, fiery remains, protein, fiber, fats, add up to sugar and calcium) were 20.1, 7.1, 3.2, 10.15, 2.3, 57.15 and 0.308% respectively. The examination discovered that the chemical properties of pectin extracted with both nitric and citric acid were for equivalent weight (1250 and1250 g/mol), methoxyl content (6.20 and 6.29%), acetyl contain (0.43 and 0.43%) and the level of esterification (66.53 and 66.57%) respectively. The outcome got from this examination showed that pectin extracted from pumpkin peel is with high quantity and quality and is promising for commercial production.
Detection and Quantification of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin by MALDI-Compatible Protein Chips Prepared by Ambient Ion Soft Landing
Authors: Darebna Petra , Spicka Jan , Kucera Radek , Topolcan Ondrej , Navratilova Eva , Ruzicka Viktor , Volny Michael , Novak Petr , Pompach Petr
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Transferrin is synthetized in the liver and is the most important iron-transport carrier in the human body. Severe alcohol consumption leads to alterations in glycosylation of transferrin. Mass spectrometry can provide fast detection and quantification of transferrin isoforms because they have different molecular masses. In this study, we used antibody chips in combination with MALDI-TOF MS for the detection and quantification of transferrin isoforms.

METHODS

Protein chips were prepared by functionalization of indium tin oxide glass using ambient ion soft landing of electrosprayed antitransferrin antibody. Two microliters of patient serum was applied on the antibody-modified spots, and after incubation, washing, and matrix deposition, transferrin isoforms were detected by MALDI-TOF MS. Peak intensities of each transferrin form were used to calculate total carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). The CDT values obtained by the MALDI chip method were compared with the results obtained by a standard capillary electrophoresis (CE).

RESULTS

The chip-based MALDI-TOF MS method was used for enrichment and detection of CDT from human serum. A sample cohort from 186 patients was analyzed. Of these samples, 44 were positively identified as belonging to alcoholic patients, whereas 142 were negative by the MALDI chip approach. The correlation of the data obtained by the CE and the chip-based MALDI was r = 0.986, 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS

Functionalized MALDI chips modified by antitransferrin antibody prepared by ambient ion soft landing were successfully used for detection and quantification of CDT from human sera.
Studio city
Authors: Štefančič Marcel , Janša Janez , Teršar Igor
Published: July 2018

V oddaji Studio city na RTV Slovenija so sodelovali: voditelj Marcel Štefančič, režiser in direktor zavoda Maska Janez Janša in generalni director Direktorata za ustvarjalnost na Ministrstvu za kulturo Republike Slovenije mag. Igor Teršar.
La villa pulcherrima di Traiano a Centumcellae. Una proposta
Authors: Reggiani Anna Maria
Published: July 2018

Riassunto: La villa di Traiano a Centumcellae è un esempio di un lungo dibattito. Anche se la proposta non è nuova, ha un posto centrale nella storia di Civitavecchia sin dalla sua scoperta. Lo scopo di queste note è di fornire una sintesi sulla conoscenza del monumento, indipendentemente dal fatto che la villa di Civitavecchia, nota come Terme Taurine, sia da identificare con la «villa pulcherrima» di proprietà di Traiano e visitata da Plinio. La fase di Traiano è confermata da bolli in laterizio con il nome dell’imperatore (PORTUS TRAIANI), mentre quello di Adriano è rappresentato da un apparato decorativo di marmi pregiati e da latrine individuali come a Villa Adriana.Parole chiave: Traiano, Terme Taurine, Plinio, Centumcellae, Civitavecchia, StatiliusTaurus, Portus Traiani, Ficoncella.
Narrativas transmedia de no-ficción: Estudio de caso del podcast Le llamaban padre, de Carles Porta
Authors: Visa Barbosa Mariona , Serés Seuma Teresa
Published: July 2018

Este estudio de la difusión mediática de un caso de pederastia descubierto en 2013 pretende mostrar cómo la información adopta diferentes formatos, como el ensayo o el serial radiofónico, y cómo cada uno puede aportar unas características específicas al relato original, expandiéndolo. El suceso primero fue cubierto por la prensa local. En 2016, Carles Porta publicó el ensayo Le llamaban padre, explicado a través de cuatro de sus principales implicados. Meses más tarde se narró la historia en un podcast, con los propios protagonistas explicando de forma serializada y con detalle las situaciones que vivieron y la investigación del caso.
Método MAIN para planificar, aplicar y divulgar la innovación educativa
Authors: Fidalgo-Blanco Ángel , Sein-Echaluce María Luisa
Published: July 2018

La innovación educativa es un proceso creativo cuyo principal objetivo es mejorar aspectos relacionados con el aprendizaje. Por tanto, proporciona una solución a determinados problemas o produce mejoras ignificativas en el aprendizaje. No obstante, el carácter creativo del proceso de innovación hace difícil la planificación de cualquier experiencia innovadora, prever sus resultados, seguir un método de aplicación eficaz y eficiente e incluso transferirla. Para paliar esta situación, el método MAIN (Método de Aplicación de la INnovación educativa) se ha desarrollado como método de diseño de la innovación educativa que permite su planificación, aplicación y divulgación. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar este método como un conjunto de pasos estructurados que permiten tener una visión previa de: el método a utilizar, el esfuerzo que necesitará, la tecnología que la apoyará y la previsión de su impacto. También facilita la identificación de actividades a realizar, de tal forma que sirve de guía para la aplicación de la innovación educativa en una asignatura concreta. Se presentan los distintos módulos del método MAIN aplicados a una situación concreta (pasividad del alumnado), con un método de innovación educativa que es actualmente tendencia (Flip Teaching) y con una estrategia de aplicación que permite divulgar, de forma científica, la innovación realizada.
Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği Bölümü ‎Öğrencilerinin DKAB Dersine Karşı Tutumları
Authors: ÖZ Ayhan
Published: July 2018

Bu
araştırma Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği Bölümü’nde okuyan ve Din Kültürü
ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretimi dersini almış son sınıf öğrencilerinin ilkokulda aynı
isimle okutulan derse karşı tutumlarını ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nicel tarama
modeliyle anket tekniği kullanılarak yapılan araştırmaya Bolu Abant İzzet
Baysal, Bülent Ecevit ve Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitelerinin Eğitim Fakültelerinde
öğrenim gören 338 son sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Öncelikle ölçme aracı olarak
kullanılan ve yedi maddeden oluşan ölçeğin ortalaması hesaplanmış, ardından da
yapılan farklılık analizleri ile ölçek ortalamasının bağımsız değişkenlere göre
farklılaşma durumu incelenmiştir. Neticede öğrencilerin DKAB dersine karşı çok
yüksek düzeyde (X=4.47) olumlu bir tutuma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiş;
öğrenci tutumlarının cinsiyet, yaş, bilgi düzeyi, İslam diniyle ilişki biçimi
ve dinî bilgi kaynağı değişkenlerine göre p≤0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde
farklılaştığı görülmüştür.
Arap Dil İlimlerinin Sınıflandırılması
Authors: NALÇAKAN Zübeyt
Published: July 2018

Dil ilimleri, İslam ilim ve düşünce geleneğinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. İslamʼın ortaya çıkmasını takip eden ilk asırlardan itibaren Müslümanlar, Arap dili ile ilgilenmeye başlayıp eserler ortaya koymuşlardır. Süreç içerisinde olgunlaşan dil ilimleri farklı alanlara ayrılmıştır. Bu makale, bu noktada, Arap dil ilimlerinin tasnifinde kullanılmış olan bazı terimlerin ortaya çıkışlarını ve anlam sahalarını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.
Din Görevlilerinde Mesleki Memnuniyet Algısı: Sivas Örneği
Authors: ACAR ÇINAR Hatice
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmada
Sivas’ta görev yapan din görevlilerinin mesleklerine dair değerlendirmeleri,
varsa meslekleriyle ilgili çelişkileri diğer bir deyişle mesleki memnuniyetleri
incelenmiştir. Ayrıca mesleki memnuniyetle yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim ve dini inanç
düzeyi gibi değişkenler arasındaki ilişki de burada araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın
örneklem grubunu, Sivas'ta görev
yapan ve tesadüfi yöntemle seçilen 267 din görevlisi oluşturmuştur. Ölçme aracı olarak Üzeyir Ok'un
“ilahiyatçı ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı
mesleki memnuniyet algısının bazı boyutları ile gelir düzeyi  arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
The discovery of Lepeophtheirus acutus Heegaard, 1943 (Copepoda: Caligidae) from two new elasmobranch hosts in the Mediterranean Sea, and a comparative redescription of Lepeophtheirus rhinobati Luque, Chaves et Cezar, 1998
Authors: Özak Argun Akif , Yanar Alper , Sakarya Yetkin , Boxshall Geoffrey Allan
Published: July 2018

In this study, supplementary information on the morphology of the siphonostomatoid copepod Lepeophtheirus acutus Heller, 1865 is given based on new material collected from the ventral body surface and mouth cavity of common guitarfish, Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus) and from the branchial cavity of bull ray, Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) caught in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. This is the first report of L. acutus from Mediterranean waters. Key diagnostic characters of both sexes are reported, supported by light and scanning electron microscopy observations. In addition, Lepeophtheirus rhinobati Luque, Chaves et Cezar, 1998, which is closely related to L. acutus and has been reported from the same host genus, Rhinobatos, is reexamined based on paratypes stored in the collections of the United States National Museum of Natural History. Some of the key diagnostic characters which were incompletely known or lacking in the original description of both sexes of L. rhinobati are redescribed and/or presented for the first time.
Molecular characterization of Theileria spp. in livestock and the first report on the occurrence of Theileria sp. OT3 in Iran
Authors: Tabaei Seyyed Javad Seyyed , Spotin Adel , Pouriran Ramin , Shahbazi Abbas , Mamaghani Amirreza Javadi
Published: July 2018

Theileria lestoquardi, T. ovis, and T. annulata are recognized as major causative agents for ovine and cattle theileriosis in Iran, respectively. Recently, there have been reports on the presence of Theileria spp. (Theileria sp. OT1, Theileria sp. OT3, and Theileria sp.). In this study, 37 blood samples were collected from sheep and cattle with clinically suspected Theileria infection in the Northwest of Iran. The samples were analyzed using a light microscope. DNA samples were amplified via nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 18S rRNA gene. The amplicons were digested with HpaII, following restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequenced to reconfirm Theileria species. The microscopic examination indicated that 4 out of 37 (10.8%) blood samples were infected with Theileria spp. Based on the nested PCR-RFLP and sequencing data, 5.4%, 13.5%, and 27% of blood samples were infected with Theileria sp. OT3, T. ovis, and T. annulata, respectively. The pairwise distance matrix of Theileria sp. OT3 showed 99.8–100% identity and 0–0.2% divergence in comparison with the registered sequences. The present study is the first report of Theileria sp. OT3 in Iran. To the evaluate evolution of Theileria spp. and providing resultant genetic data, further research with a larger sample is necessary in the region.
Comparison of sensitivity of two primer sets for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in wildlife
Authors: Kornacka Aleksandra , Cybulska Aleksandra , Moskwa Bożena
Published: July 2018

Toxoplasma gondii, a coccidian parasite known to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, is the cause of one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases. The aim of the study is to determine whether the 529 bp fragment or the TGR1E gene is more useful target for PCR identification ofT. gondii, for common use. The brains of 221 carnivores and omnivores collected between 2013 and 2015 from north-eastern Poland were examined for the presence of this parasite. The DNA was extracted and then amplified using specific primers. Positive results were obtained in 24% of brain samples using the TGR1E target and 19% using the 529 bp sequence. The results demonstrate that both TGR1E and 529 bp repeat element are suitable for detectingT. gondiiDNA in wildlife animals, and the combination of two methods is necessary to obtain reliable results.
Local Information, Income Segregation, and Geographic Mobility
Authors: Bond Timothy N. , Salisbury Laura
Published: July 2018

We develop a model of migration in the face of geographic information asymmetries. Firms from a given city observe whether or not a local worker is a member of a disadvantaged local community, a negative indicator of productivity, but do not have this information for migrants to this city. With this knowledge, workers must decide whether to migrate and obscure information about their community of origin. Our model generates results consistent with recent trends in intergenerational mobility and internal migration as well as new predictions about the relationship between migrant outcomes and income segregation. We confirm these predictions using data from the U.S. census.
A theoretical study of digital silicon photomultiplier utilization in diffuse optical imaging systems
Authors: Haddadifam Taha , Karami Mohammad Azim
Published: July 2018

Digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM) is introduced for diffuse optical imaging (DOI) applications instead of conventional photomultiplier tubes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) as a state-of-the-art detector. According to the low-level light regime in DOI applications, high sensitivity and high dynamic range (DR) image sensors are needed for DOI systems. dSiPM is proposed as a developing detector which can detect low-level lights. Also, an accurate equation is obtained for calculating the DR of dSiPMs. Different dSiPMs and the corresponding benefits are studied for DOI applications. Furthermore, a 120 dB DR dSiPM is chosen for use in DOI systems. It is shown that dSiPMs can be utilized in DOI configurations such as time domain (TD), frequency domain (FD) and continuous wave (CW) systems. Ultimately, by utilizing dSiPM in DOI systems, the DOI method can be used for thoracic imaging due to the high DR and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detector.
An Adaptive Fuzzy Feedforward-Feedback Control System Applied to a Saccharification Process
Authors: Fonseca Rodolpho Rodrigues , Sencio Rafael Ribeiro , Franco Ivan Carlos , Da Silva Flávio Vasconcelos
Published: July 2018

In industrial bioprocess control, disturbance sources typically influences process variable regulation. These disturbances may reduce a system control performance or even affect the final bioproduct quality. Therefore, feedforward control is desired because it anticipates the effects caused by these disturbances in an attempt to keep the process variable at the setpoint value. However, designing a feedforward control law requires process modeling, which can be a tough task when dealing with bioprocesses that are intrinsically nonlinear and multivariable systems. Thus, an adaptive feedforward control law or other advanced control system is needed for satisfactory disturbance rejection. For this reason, a general fuzzy feedforward control system is proposed in this paper to replace the classical feedforward control, making it easier to implement the feedforward control action by avoiding nonlinear and multivariable process modeling. The adaptive fuzzy feedforward-feedback (A4FB) system was applied to a product concentration control loop in an enzymatic reactor, to reject disturbances caused by variations in the substrate and enzymatic solutions feed concentration. The results showed that the A4FB controller rejected much more disturbance effects than classical feedforward control law, demonstrating its advantage, supported by not only its simple implementation, but also its improved disturbance rejection.
Functional polyurethane nanomicelle with pH-responsive drug delivery property
Authors: Song Yifan , Chai Yun , Xu Kai , Zhang Puyu
Published: July 2018

A new functional pH-responsive polyurethane-based nanomicelle has been developed with BES-Na as the functional monomer, the buffering agent with tertiary amine, and sulfonic acid group was incorporated into the hydrophilic shell as the functional agent, which resulted in polyurethane nanosystem with pH-sensitive property. Folic acid (FA) was chosen as model hydrophobic drug to evaluate the loading and pH-triggered release of the PU micelles in vitro drug loading and release. The drug loading content (LC) and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) for FA-loaded micelles in phosphate-buffered solutions were 7.68% and 27.72%, respectively, and the largest accumulative drug release percentages in pH 6.8 and pH 5.0 were 79.17% and 89.83% in 24 h, respectively. A facile and versatile approach has been provided for the design and fabrication of smart nanovehicles for effective drug delivery and opens a new thought in the design and fabrication of biodegradable polyurethanes for next generation of nanomicellar systems.
Innovation Culture in SMEs: The Importance of Organizational Culture, Organizational Learning and Market Orientation
Authors: Abdul-Halim Hasliza , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Geare Alan , Thurasamy Ramayah
Published: July 2018

Academic and practitioner have considered innovation as an approach to produce value to customer in order to remain competitive in the market. However, previous studies on innovation culture among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have received little attention and SMEs need to inculcate the innovation culture in order to generate innovation. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the influence of organizational culture, organizational learning and market orientation on innovation culture. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to gather data from SMEs in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed and gathered with a total of 183 usable responses. The analysis was conducted via SMART PLS to produce interesting findings. Findings suggest that all dimensions of organizational culture (adaptability, involvement, mission and consistency) have an influence on innovation culture, organizational learning in terms of information acquisition and behavioural & cognitive have an impact on innovation culture. Finally, only competitor orientation influences innovation culture. Although SMEs play an important role within the Malaysia economy, their contribution to innovation is small and marginal. This study makes an important contribution by providing information to SMEs on the elements that could nurture innovation culture in their organizations. As such, it is hoped that this study will generate interest among the researchers to reach more conclusive evidence about the practice of innovation culture among SMEs in Malaysia. More effort should be devoted to comprehending the concept of innovation culture among SMEs from the context of developing country. The findings combined with the suggestions may offer alternative insights on innovation culture and extend a basic framework for further investigation.
Idempotence of finitely generated commutative semifields
Authors: Kala Vítězslav , Korbelář Miroslav
Published: July 2018

We prove that a commutative parasemifield S is additively idempotent, provided that it is finitely generated as a semiring.
Consequently, every proper commutative semifield T that is finitely generated as a semiring is either additively constant or additively idempotent.
As part of the proof, we use the classification of finitely generated lattice-ordered groups to prove that a certain monoid associated to the parasemifield S has a distinguished geometrical property called prismality.
Dirichlet series of two variables, real analytic Jacobi–Eisenstein series of matrix index, and Katok–Sarnak type result
Authors: Mizuno Yoshinori
Published: July 2018

We study a real analytic Jacobi–Eisenstein series of matrix index and deduce several arithmetically interesting properties.
In particular, we prove the followings: (a) Its Fourier coefficients are proportional to the average values of the Eisenstein series on higher-dimensional hyperbolic space.
(b) The associated Dirichlet series of two variables coincides with those of Siegel, Shintani, Peter and Ueno.
This makes it possible to investigate the Dirichlet series by means of techniques from modular form.
Path homology theory of multigraphs and quivers
Authors: Grigor’yan Alexander , Muranov Yuri , Vershinin Vladimir , Yau Shing-Tung
Published: July 2018

We construct a new homology theory for the categories of quivers and multigraphs and describe
the basic properties of introduced homology groups. We introduce a
conception of homotopy in the category of quivers and we prove the homotopy
invariance of homology groups.
Effects of moisture content and temperature on wood creep
Authors: Hsieh Tai-Yun , Chang Feng-Cheng
Published: July 2018

The effects of moisture content (MC) and temperature (T) on the creep of Japanese cedar were investigated via a series of short-term creep tests, while MC had a higher effect than T, desorption of water caused more deformation. The results were separated into two distinct groups with MCs higher or lower than the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and it was found that the mechano-sorptive effect is time-independent. The total creep strain of wood was explained by a model considering the instantaneous strain, creep strain and strain induced by the mechano-sorptive effect. The proposed model is in agreement with the creep master curves based on the time-temperature superposition principle (tTSP).
Improvement of Quality and Digestibility of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Feed via Solid-State Fermentation by Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Wang Jiahong , Cao Fuliang , Zhu Zunling , Zhang Xuhui , Sheng Qianqian , Qin Wensheng
Published: July 2018

The Moringa oleifera leaf is an important source worldwide with a high nutritional value and functions in food and feed that may also treat a myriad of ailments but the leaf has low organoleptic properties and digestibility. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel Aspergillus niger was isolated from the Moringa leaf material. The fungal strain grows well on moist Moringa leaves and requires no additives. After performing a single factor test for temperature, moisture, inoculation size, and fermentation, the optimized condition was determined by using a response surface method, followed by a small-scale production test. The pleasant, sweet smelling aroma in the fermented leaves was then generated, supplementing than its native repulsive smell. The protein content and digestibility of the leaves increased by 23.4 % and 54.4 %, respectively; the direct-fed microbes reached up to 1.99 × 109 CFU per gram of fermented freeze-dried Moringa leaves. Digestive lignocellulolytic enzymes were substantially produced with 2.97 ± 0.24 U.g−1 of filter paper activity and 564.9 ± 37.4 U.g−1 of xylanase activity. Moreover, some functional components, such as flavonoids and γ-Aminobutyric acid content, were also significantly increased compared to that of the unfermented leaves. In conclusion, the feed quality and digestibility of Moringa oleifera leaves were greatly improved via solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Fermented Moringa oleifera can be used as a potentially high- quality feed alternative for the animal industry.
Performance analysis of BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C data/pilot component pseudo random noise codes
Authors: Sun XingLi
Published: July 2018

The Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes is an important part of the GNSS system based on Codes Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and it is the key to channel separation and satellite distinction. The GNSS system excellent performance characteristics of multiple access and spread spectrum are realized by the PRN codes. According to the officially released Interface Control Documents (ICDs), the Beidou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) B1C and GPS L1C have chosen the Weil codes as PRN codes whose generation is based on the number theoretic method. The Weil codes has the advantages of flexible codes length, good performance and large candidate set, therefore, this paper mainly studies 63 pairs of data/pilot channel PRN codes for BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C. On the basis of introducing BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C PRN codes, mainly for the Weil codes generation principle, codes evaluation criteria and intra-system and inter-system odd/even auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics are simulated in detail. The experimental results show that the upper limit value, lower limit value, the mean and standard deviation of the odd auto-correlation and cross-correlation of the PRN codes of the BDS-3 B1C signal were better than those of the GPS L1C PRN codes. The performance of odd and even cross-correlation are almost similar between BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C signal inter-systems, which are slightly worse than the intra-system, and the upper limit value of the inter-system is lower than 2.94 dB in the GPS L1C intra-system.
Tail Risk in a Retail Payments System
Authors: Sabetti Leonard , Jacho-Chávez David T. , Petrunia Robert , Voia Marcel C.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study a credit risk (collateral) management scheme for the Canadian retail payment system designed to cover the exposure of a defaulting member. We estimate ex ante the size of a collateral pool large enough to cover exposure for a historical worst-case default scenario. The parameters of the distribution of the maxima are estimated using two main statistical approaches based on extreme value models: Block-Maxima for different window lengths (daily, weekly and monthly) and Peak-over-Threshold. Our statistical model implies that the largest daily net debit position across participants exceeds roughly $1.5 billion once a year. Despite relying on extreme-value theory, the out of sample forecasts may still underestimate an actual exposure given the absence of observed data on defaults and financial stress in Canada. Our results are informative for optimal collateral management and system design of pre-funded retail-payment schemes.
Groups in which squares have boundedly many conjugates
Authors: Dierings Gláucia , Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: July 2018

Given a group G, we write

x
G

{x^{G}}

for the conjugacy class of G containing the element x. A famous result of B. H. Neumann states that if G is a group in which all conjugacy classes are finite with bounded size, then the derived group

G
′

{G^{\prime}}

is finite. Recently we showed that
if

|

x
G

|

≤
n

{|x^{G}|\leq n}

for any commutator x, then

|

G
′′

|

{|G^{\prime\prime}|}

is finite and n-bounded. If

|

x

G
′

|

≤
n

{|x^{G^{\prime}}|\leq n}

for any commutator x, then

|

γ
3

⁢

(

G
′

)

|

{|\gamma_{3}(G^{\prime})|}

is finite and n-bounded. The present article deals with groups in which the conjugacy classes containing squares are finite with bounded size. The following theorem is proved.
Let n be a positive integer, G a group and H the subgroup generated by all squares in G. If

|

x
H

|

≤
n

{|x^{H}|\leq n}

for any square

x
∈
G

{x\in G}

, then the order of

γ
3

⁢

(
H
)

{\gamma_{3}(H)}

is finite and n-bounded.
Analysis of a key exchange protocol based on tropical matrix algebra
Authors: Kotov Matvei , Ushakov Alexander
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we consider a two party key-exchange protocol
proposed in [D. Grigoriev and V. Shpilrain,
Tropical cryptography,
Comm. Algebra 43 (2014), 2624–2632, Section 2],
which uses tropical matrix algebra as the platform.
Our analysis shows that the scheme is not secure.
MRHS solver based on linear algebra and exhaustive search
Authors: Raddum Håvard , Zajac Pavol
Published: July 2018

We show how to build a binary matrix from the MRHS representation of a symmetric-key cipher. The matrix contains the cipher represented as an equation system and can be used to assess a cipher’s resistance against algebraic attacks. We give an algorithm for solving the system and compute its complexity. The complexity is normally close to exhaustive search on the variables representing the user-selected key. Finally, we show that for some variants of LowMC, the joined MRHS matrix representation can be used to speed up regular encryption in addition to exhaustive key search.
Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Chinese patients
Authors: Li Nana , Yu Ping , Rao Bin , Deng Ying , Guo Yixiong , Huang Yushan , Ding Lijie , Zhu Jun , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Guo Jian , Chen Fang , Liu Zhen
Published: July 2018

Background

The overall incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in China is 1:11,763, with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency accounting for 8.55% of patients with HPA in the mainland. Much progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of BH4 deficiency with the introduction of neonatal screening in China. However, the screening rate is still low and screening is not universally available.

Methods

A total of 44 BH4-deficient patients were enrolled in this study, of which 39 were diagnosed with BH4 deficiency, while the remaining five showed typical characteristics of BH4 deficiency at a later period. The entire coding regions and adjacent intronic regions of GCH1, PTS, PCBD1 and QDPR genes were analyzed using target sequencing.

Results

Nineteen (n=19) different mutations in the PTS gene including four novel mutations and one mutation in QDPR were identified. p.P87S, p.D96N, IVS1-291A>G, p.N52S, p.K91R, p.V56M, p.T106M and p.F40GfsX53 in PTS were the prevalent mutations with ≥3% relative frequency. The mutation p.R221X in the QDPR gene was found with relatively lower frequencies (2.27%). The remaining 12 mutations in PTS were found at relative frequencies of 1.14%.

Conclusions

The results could be of value for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in the patients’ families and for the molecular diagnosis of BH4 deficiencies. Furthermore, four novel mutations expand and improve the PTS mutation database.
Relationship between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and morbidly adherent placenta
Authors: Korkmazer Engin , Nizam Rampia , Arslan Emine , Akkurt Özgür
Published: July 2018

Objective

Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is a clinical condition the prevalance of which is steadily increasing. It is described as the invasion of the placenta into the uterine wall through the myometrium and beyond. Several studies have shown that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) increases the invasion capability of tumor cells and placental cells. In our study, we investigated the expression of ICAM-1 in MAP cases.

Methods

This is a prospective case-control study. Eighty-nine patients who were diagnosed with MAP and 96 patients, without adherent placenta, as a control group were included in the study. ICAM-1 staining was examined by immuno-histochemical staining in placental samples.

Results

Of the 89 patients in the MAP group, 72 (80.8%) showed positive staining, while 26 (27%) did so in the control group. ICAM-1 positive staining in the MAP group was statistically significantly higher (P=0.03).

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating the relationship between MAP and ICAM-1 in the literature. In our study, we showed that ICAM-1 expression increased in the MAP group.
Existence of solutions for a shear thickening fluid-particle system with non-Newtonian potential
Authors: Song Yukun , Liu Fengming
Published: July 2018

This paper is concerned with a compressible shear thickening fluid-particle interaction model for the evolution of particles dispersed in a viscous non-Newtonian fluid. Taking the influence of non-Newtonian gravitational potential into consideration, the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions are established.
On the boundedness of square function generated by the Bessel differential operator in weighted LebesqueLp,αspaces
Authors: Bayrakci Simten
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we consider the square function

(Sf)(x)=(∫0∞|(f⊗Φt)(x)|2dtt)1/2$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle (\mathcal{S}f)(x)=\left( \int\limits_{0}^{\infty }|(f\otimes {\it\Phi}_{t})\left( x\right) |^{2}\frac{dt}{t}\right) ^{1/2} \end{array} $$

associated with the Bessel differential operatorBt=d2dt2+(2α+1)tddt,$\begin{array}{} B_{t}=\frac{d^{2}}{dt^{2}}+\frac{(2\alpha+1)}{t}\frac{d}{dt}, \end{array} $α> −1/2,t> 0 on the half-line ℝ+= [0, ∞). The aim of this paper is to obtain the boundedness of this function inLp,α,p> 1. Firstly, we provedL2,α-boundedness by means of the Bessel-Plancherel theorem. Then, its weak-type (1, 1) andLp,α,p> 1 boundedness are proved by taking into account vector-valued functions.