bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Adolescent and Parental Views on the Psychoeducation Program for Coping with Aggressive Behaviors
Authors: Kılıçarslan Suat , Atıcı Meral
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the views of parents and adolescents who participated in psychoeducation programs for coping with adolescent aggressive behaviors. Parents who participated in the study were provided with a program known as the “Non-Violent Resistance Parent Program,” and adolescents participated in the “Coping with Violence and Aggression Psychoeducation Program.” Both programs were designed based on systemic family therapy theories. The views of participating parents and adolescents were obtained through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. The interviews were subsequently analyzed using content analysis methods.After the programs’ culmination, participants stated that the programs reduced aggressive behaviors seen in adolescents, improved parents' parenting skills and family relationships, and significantly decreased parental inefficacy and stress levels. Results of the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews indicated that adolescents and parents generally benefitted from the programs, experienced positive emotions in the process, and gained significant awareness about their interaction styles and those of other family members. It was stated that conducting the two programs simultaneously was very helpful, for the participants reportedly experienced closer familial relationships as well as changes in their approach to problems. On the other hand, the participants noted that the program had some weaknesses: they sometimes had difficulty in expressing themselves and restoring family relationships in the process; fathers’ absence in the program was challenging for them; and the process did not have much contribution to spousal relationships. Based on these results, it is recommended that these programs should be conducted with parental cooperation in all institutions providing service to adolescents, particularly in schools. Both the improvement of parenting skills and the establishment of constructive and warm familial ties have the potential for reducing violent and aggressive behaviors in adolescents.
Parametric Excitation of a Microbeam-String With Asymmetric Electrodes: Multimode Dynamics and the Effect of Nonlinear Damping
Authors: Mora Karin , Gottlieb Oded
Published: May 2017

The dynamic motion of a parametrically excited microbeam-string affected by nonlinear damping is considered asymptotically and numerically. It is assumed that the geometrically nonlinear beam-string, subject to only modulated alternating current voltage, is closer to one of the electrodes, thus resulting in an asymmetric dual gap configuration. A consequence of these novel assumptions is a combined parametric and hard excitation in the derived continuum-based model that incorporates both linear viscous and nonlinear viscoelastic damping terms. To understand how these assumptions influence the beam's performance, the conditions that lead to both principal parametric resonance and a three-to-one internal resonance are investigated. Such conditions are derived analytically from a reduced-order nonlinear model for the first three modes of the microbeam-string using the asymptotic multiple-scales method which requires reconstitution of the slow-scale evolution equations to deduce an approximate spatio-temporal solution. The response is investigated analytically and numerically and reveals a bifurcation structure that includes coexisting in-phase and out-of-phase solutions, Hopf bifurcations, and conditions for the loss of orbital stability culminating with nonstationary quasi-periodic solutions and chaotic strange attractors.
Weak Form Quadrature Element Method and Its Applications in Science and Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Wang Xinwei , Yuan Zhangxian , Jin Chunhua
Published: May 2017

The weak form quadrature element method (QEM) combines the generality of the finite element method (FEM) with the accuracy of spectral techniques and thus has been projected by its proponents as a potential alternative to the conventional finite element method. The progression on the QEM and its applications is clear from past research, but this has been scattered over many papers. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the QEM employed to analyze a variety of problems in science and engineering, which should be of general interest to the community of the computational mechanics. The difference between the weak form quadrature element method (WQEM) and the time domain spectral element method (SEM) is clarified. The review is carried out with an emphasis to present static, buckling, free vibration, and dynamic analysis of structural members and structures by the QEM. A subroutine to compute abscissas and weights in Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) quadrature is provided in the Appendix.
An Approach to Evaluate the Profitability of Component Commonality
Authors: Takai Shun , Sengupta Sankar
Published: May 2017

Commonality or the use of same components (parts, assemblies, or subsystems) among multiple products can reduce component inventory and simplify processes and logistics while accommodating variations in product demand. Excessive commonality, however, causes some products to use high-performance components and increase product cost. This paper presents an approach for evaluating profitability of component commonality by integrating commonality and supply chain decisions. The proposed approach is demonstrated using commonality of electric-bicycle motors as an illustrative example. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the optimum commonality with respect to motor cost, demand variability, inventory-tracking cost, and inventory-ordering cost.
Threshold of oscillation of a vocal fold replica with unilateral surface growths
Authors: Luizard Paul , Pelorson Xavier
Published: May 2017

Among vocal fold diseases, the presence of a surface growth is often encountered and can be considered a public health issue. While more energy is required to achieve phonation than in healthy cases, this situation can lead to a wide range of voice perturbations, from a change of voice quality to aphonia. The present study aims at providing finer comprehension of the physical phenomena underlying this type of pathological phonation process. A vocal fold replica is used to perform measurements of mechanical responses of each vocal fold as well as of the subglottal pressure in both healthy and pathological configurations. Besides these physical measurements, a theoretical model is derived, using the one-mass-delayed model involving asymmetry of mass and geometry in order to simulate pressure signals. The theoretical model parameters are determined according to mechanical measurements on the replica. Results from measurements and simulations show that this unique vocal fold replica behaves in a manner comparable to clinical observations. The energy required to produce sound increases in the presence of a growth as well as with the size of the growth. Further investigation tends to show that the contact of the growth on the opposite vocal fold, considered as additional damping, plays a critical role.
Putting Heads in Beds: A Small Sport Event Seeks the Right Analysis to Appeal to CVBs
Authors: Tyler B. David , Morse Steve C. , Cook Ryan K.
Published: May 2017

Small-scale sporting events play an important role in bringing tourists to destinations. In this case, students take the role of the fictional national events director for EVP Beach Volleyball as he analyzes hotel data from three destinations to determine which locale would most benefit from EVP’s participants and fans. The primary goal is for students to learn to conduct basic analysis on a large, real dataset using Microsoft Excel. A second goal is to introduce students to the key performance indicators of the hotel industry: Occupancy Rate, Average Daily Rate (ADR), and Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR). These metrics are central to hoteliers’ daily operations and familiarity with them will help students speak that language when interacting with people in the field. Thirdly, the case introduces key concepts surrounding the economic impact of sport events, particularly relating to the value of visitor spending.
Surprising states of order for linear diblock copolymers
Authors: Stein Gila E.
Published: May 2017

Thermal treatments unlock low-symmetry phases resembling those of metals and alloys
What’s “hapten”-ing in β-lactam hypersensitivity?
Authors: Dupnik Kathryn
Published: May 2017

Piperacillin binding to proteins can but does not always induce a hypersensitivity reaction.
A Novel Agonist of the TRIF Pathway Induces a Cellular State Refractory to Replication of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses
Authors: Pryke Kara M. , Abraham Jinu , Sali Tina M. , Gall Bryan J. , Archer Iris , Liu Andrew , Bambina Shelly , Baird Jason , Gough Michael , Chakhtoura Marita , Haddad Elias K. , Kirby Ilsa T. , Nilsen Aaron , Streblow Daniel N. , Hirsch Alec J. , Smith Jessica L. , DeFilippis Victor R.
Published: May 2017

The ongoing concurrent outbreaks of Zika, Chikungunya, and dengue viruses in Latin America and the Caribbean highlight the need for development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments. The type I interferon (IFN) system has evolved in vertebrates to generate tissue responses that actively block replication of multiple known and potentially zoonotic viruses. As such, its control and activation through pharmacological agents may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for simultaneously impairing growth of multiple virus types and rendering host populations resistant to virus spread. In light of this strategy’s potential, we undertook a screen to identify novel interferon-activating small molecules. Here, we describe 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(5-isopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,2-dihydrochromeno[2,3-
c
]pyrrole-3,9-dione, which we termed AV-C. Treatment of human cells with AV-C activates innate and interferon-associated responses that strongly inhibit replication of Zika, Chikungunya, and dengue viruses. By utilizing genome editing, we investigated the host proteins essential to AV-C-induced cellular states. This showed that the compound requires a TRIF-dependent signaling cascade that culminates in IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent expression and secretion of type I interferon to elicit antiviral responses. The other canonical IRF3-terminal adaptor proteins STING and IPS-1/MAVS were dispensable for AV-C-induced phenotypes. However, our work revealed an important inhibitory role for IPS-1/MAVS, but not TRIF, in flavivirus replication, implying that TRIF-directed viral evasion may not occur. Additionally, we show that in response to AV-C, primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines that are linked with establishment of adaptive immunity to viral pathogens. Ultimately, synthetic innate immune activators such as AV-C may serve multiple therapeutic purposes, including direct antimicrobial responses and facilitation of pathogen-directed adaptive immunity.

IMPORTANCE
The type I interferon system is part of the innate immune response that has evolved in vertebrates as a first line of broad-spectrum immunological defense against an unknowable diversity of microbial, especially viral, pathogens. Here, we characterize a novel small molecule that artificially activates this response and in so doing generates a cellular state antagonistic to growth of currently emerging viruses: Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and dengue virus. We also show that this molecule is capable of eliciting cellular responses that are predictive of establishment of adaptive immunity. As such, this agent may represent a powerful and multipronged therapeutic tool to combat emerging and other viral diseases.
High adherence to the ‘Wise List’ treatment recommendations in Stockholm: a 15-year retrospective review of a multifaceted approach promoting rational use of medicines
Authors: Eriksen Jaran , Gustafsson Lars L , Ateva Kristina , Bastholm-Rahmner Pia , Ovesjö Marie-Louise , Jirlow Malena , Juhasz-Haverinen Maria , Lärfars Gerd , Malmström Rickard E , Wettermark Björn , Andersén-Karlsson Eva
Published: May 2017

Objectives

To present the ‘Wise List’ (a formulary of essential medicines for primary and specialised care in Stockholm Healthcare Region) and assess adherence to the recommendations over a 15-year period.

Design

Retrospective analysis of all prescription data in the Stockholm Healthcare Region between 2000 and 2015 in relation to the Wise List recommendations during the same time period.

Setting

All outpatient care in the Stockholm Healthcare Region.

Participants

All prescribers in the Stockholm Healthcare Region.

Main outcome measures

The number of core and complementary substances included in the Wise List, the adherence to recommendations by Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) 1st level using defined daily doses (DDDs) adjusted to the DDD for 2015, adherence to recommendations over time measured by dispensed prescriptions yearly between 2002 and 2015.

Results

The number of recommended core substances was stable (175–212). Overall adherence to the recommendations for core medicines for all prescribers increased from 75% to 84% (2000 to 2015). The adherence to recommendations in primary care for core medicines increased from 80% to 90% (2005 to 2015) with decreasing range in practice variation (32% to 13%). Hospital prescriber adherence to core medicine recommendations was stable but increased for the combination core and complementary medicines from 77% to 88% (2007 to 2015). Adherence varied between the 4 therapeutic areas studied.

Conclusions

High and increasing adherence to the Wise List recommendations was seen for all prescriber categories. The transparent process for developing recommendations involving respected experts and clinicians using strict criteria for handling potential conflicts of interests, feedback to prescribers, continuous medical education and financial incentives are possible contributing factors. High-quality evidence-based recommendations to prescribers, such as the Wise List, disseminated through a multifaceted approach, will become increasingly important and should be developed further to include recommendations and introduction protocols for new expensive medicines.
Pipe flow of magneto-micropolar fluids with slip
Authors: Sherief H.H. , Faltas M.S. , El-Sapa S.
Published: May 2017

The steady unidirectional flow of an isothermal, incompressible, magneto-micropolar hydrodynamic fluid in an infinitely magnetic insulating circular cylinder is considered. The fluid is under a constant magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The slip boundary conditions for velocity and microrotation are applied. Closed forms for the velocity, microrotation, and magnetic field are obtained for Poiseuille and Couette flows. Expressions for the rate of flow and skin coefficients are calculated. Variations of the physical quantities with respect to micropolarity parameter, slip parameters, and Hartman number are studied and their variations are illustrated graphically. Similar results are obtained for electro- micropolar fluids.
Thermoelastic response of a simply supported beam irradiated by a movable laser pulse
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Ma Jingxuan , Yang Xianfeng , Liu Shoubin , Yang Jialing
Published: May 2017

This paper studies the thermoelastic dynamic response of a simply supported beam under movable temporally non-Gaussian laser pulse. The heat conduction equation of the problem was solved by using the method of separation of variables. The Green’s function for the forth-order partial differential equation was derived and was used to solve the vibration equation of a heated beam. The temperature, deflection, and strain of the beam were derived analytically and their variations with time and space were illustrated. The influences of moving speed and duration time of the laser pulse on the dynamic responses were also analyzed. It was interesting to observe the propagation of strain wave along the beam axis during the irradiation period of the laser pulse.
Experimental investigation of the influence of spatially distributed charges on the inertial mass of moving electrons as predicted by Weber’s electrodynamics
Authors: Lőrincz István , Tajmar Martin
Published: May 2017

It was shown (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 1418 (1993)) that Weber’s force law predicts an influence upon the apparent inertial mass of electrically charged particles in relative motion. The quantity of this influence, called Weber’s mass, depends on the relative motion (both speed and acceleration) and the relative spatial distribution of the particles. A special case was analytically solved, in which the motion of a single point charge was considered, surrounded by a static and fixed spherical surface with a homogeneous charge distribution. The first experimental test of the prediction showed positive results (Annal. Fond. Louis de Broglie, 24, 161 (1999)). Two reproductions were carried out, in which null results were reported together with an explanation for the previous positive result. It was suggested that a possible reason for the null result in the experimental setup could be that the charges could freely move on the surface. We set out to reproduce all previous experiments to get detailed insight into the problem, after which we designed a setup that would exclude the possibility of the moving charges on the surface. In all situations we could confirm the null results with a statistical precision of up to 0.009%
Philometra rubra (Nematoda: Philometridae) — first description of the male from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and implications for re-introduction of an extirpated population
Authors: Measures L.N. , Moravec F. , Douglas S. , Lair S.
Published: May 2017

Philometra rubra (Leidy, 1856) is a pathogenic parasitic nematode infecting striped bass (Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)) in eastern North America. Identification of philometrids is difficult, male P. rubra have never been found, and transmission is poorly understood. To re-establish the “Extirpated” striped bass population in the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE), Quebec, young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass from the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, were collected and released into the SLE. The present study was undertaken to find Philometra in striped bass from the Miramichi River, for identification, description, and examine transmission and lesions. Philometra rubra was identified in 100% of 32 YOY (intensity = 26–125) and 100% of nine 1-year-old (intensity = 4–25 in five striped bass) striped bass collected in summer 2011. The swim bladder and body cavity were sites of infection in YOY with no tissue response observed histopathologically. Gravid P. rubra females occurred in the body cavity and swim bladder, with males predominately in the latter site. Males were short-lived, being absent in 1-year-old bass. Adult male and adult female P. rubra are described. Males of P. rubra can be distinguished from other described species based on spicule, gubernaculum, and body-length measurements. This parasite may have implications for the re-introduction program and conservation of striped bass in the SLE and in other populations.
Frequency dependence of dielectric characteristics of seawater ionic solution under static magnetic field
Authors: Guo Shaoshuai , Peng Yufeng , Han Xueyun , Li Jiangting
Published: May 2017

In order to study the electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics in seawater under external physical effects, we present a study of seawater ionic solution and perform a theoretical basis of magnetic field on water molecules and ionic motion to investigate the variation of dielectric properties with frequency under static magnetic field (0.38 T). Seawater is a naturally multi-component electrolyte solution, the main ingredients in seawater are inorganic salts, such as NaCl, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, NaHCO3, etc. The dielectric properties of these electrolyte solutions with different salinity values (0.01–5%) were measured in frequencies ranging from 40 to 5 MHz at 12[Formula: see text]C. The results show that the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequencies no matter with magnetic field or without it. Frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of NaCl solution increases under magnetic field at measure concentrations. In a solution of MgCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, KCl and NaHCO3 are consistent with NaCl solution, while CaCl2 ⋅ 2H2O solution is in contrast with it. We also find that dielectric loss plays a major role in complex permittivity. With the effect of magnetic field, the proportion of dielectric loss is reducing in complex permittivity. On this basis it was concluded that the magnetic field influences the orientation of dipoles and the variation is different in salt aqueous solution.
Investigating the dielectric properties and low-frequency relaxation process of TlGaSe2 crystals
Authors: Samadov Oktay , Alakbarov Oktay , Najafov Arzu , Samadov Samir , Mehdiyev Nizami , Huseynov Elchin
Published: May 2017

The dielectric and impedance spectra of TlGaSe2 crystals have been studied at temperatures in the 100–500 K range in the alternating current (AC [Formula: see text]1 V). It has been shown that the conductivity of TlGaSe2 crystals is mainly an ionic characteristic at temperatures above 400 K. The well-defined peak at the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of impedance [Formula: see text] is observed in the 215–500 K temperature range. In a constant field, there occurs a significant decrease in electrical conductivity [Formula: see text] in due course. The ionic contribution to conductivity (76% at [Formula: see text]) has been estimated from a kinetic change in electrical conductivity [Formula: see text] under the influence of a constant electric field. The diagram analysis in a complex plane [Formula: see text] has been conducted by applying the method of an equivalent circuit of the substation. It has been determined that the average relaxation time of the electric module of the sample is [Formula: see text].
Optimal Design of Wide Area Based on Fuzzy Controller and Intelligent Method
Authors: Setayeshi Saeed , Rad Vahid Bairami , Noruzi Alireza , Yousefi Nasser
Published: May 2017

Recently, the controller using wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) signals has been proposed by researchers. But, an unavoidable delay before the wide-area signals exists which is received by the controller. Accordingly, a delay-independent robust control problem of large interconnected power systems is presented based on the hybrid fuzzy controller for wide area measurement. A fuzzy controller is a nonlinear controller and it is not so sensitive to system topology, parameter and operating condition changes as the conventional ones. According to wide area power system complexity and variation of the loads and network conditions, FPSS has been considered in this paper. Furthermore, the proposed controller has been improved by chaotic version of shark smell optimization algorithm (CSSO) as an optimization problem. Effectiveness of the proposed method has been applied over the 10 machine 39 bus New England power system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller design methodology is demonstrated through simulation example. Obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed strategy.
Multisensory components of rapid motor responses to fingertip loading
Authors: Crevecoeur F. , Barrea A. , Libouton X. , Thonnard J.-L. , Lefèvre P.
Published: May 2017

Tactile and muscle afferents provide critical sensory information for grasp control, yet the contribution of each sensory system during online control has not been clearly identified. More precisely, it is unknown how these two sensory systems participate in online control of digit forces following perturbations to held objects. To address this issue, we investigated motor responses in the context of fingertip loading, which parallels the impact of perturbations to held objects on finger motion and fingerpad deformation, and characterized surface recordings of intrinsic (first dorsal interosseous, FDI) and extrinsic (flexor digitorum superficialis, FDS) hand muscles based on statistical modeling. We designed a series of experiments probing the effects of peripheral stimulation with or without anesthesia of the finger, and of task instructions. Loading of the fingertip generated a motor response in FDI at ~60 ms following the perturbation onset, which was only driven by muscle stretch, as the ring-block anesthesia reduced the gain of the response occurring later than 90 ms, leaving responses occurring before this time unaffected. In contrast, the motor response in FDS was independent of the lateral motion of the finger. This response started at ~90 ms on average and was immediately adjusted to task demands. Altogether these results highlight how a rapid integration of partially distinct sensorimotor circuits supports rapid motor responses to fingertip loading.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY To grasp and manipulate objects, the brain uses touch signals related to skin deformation as well as sensory information about motion of the fingers encoded in muscle spindles. Here we investigated how these two sensory systems contribute to feedback responses to perturbation applied to the fingertip. We found distinct response components, suggesting that each sensory system engages separate sensorimotor circuits with distinct functions and latencies.
Temporally evolving gain mechanisms of attention in macaque area V4
Authors: Sani Ilaria , Santandrea Elisa , Morrone Maria Concetta , Chelazzi Leonardo
Published: May 2017

We offer an innovative perspective on the interplay between attention and luminance contrast in macaque area V4, one in which time becomes a fundamental factor. We place emphasis on the temporal dynamics of attentional effects, pioneering the notion that attention modulates contrast response functions of V4 neurons via the sequential engagement of distinct gain mechanisms. These findings advance understanding of attentional influences on visual processing and help reconcile divergent results in the literature.
Solving k‐Barrier Coverage Problem Using Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Sun Xingming , Yu Zhanke
Published: May 2017

Coverage problem is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks for security applications. The k‐barrier coverage is an effective measure to ensure robustness. In this paper, we formulate the k‐barrier coverage problem as a constrained optimization problem and introduce the energy constraint of sensor node to prolong the lifetime of the k‐barrier coverage. A novel hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PGSA) is proposed to solve this problem. The proposed PGSA adopts a k‐barrier coverage generation strategy based on probability and integrates the exploitation ability in particle swarm optimization to update the velocity and enhance the global search capability and introduce the boundary mutation strategy of an agent to increase the population diversity and search accuracy. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery for the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Geraci Laura , Napoli Alessandro , Catalano Carlo , Midiri Massimo , Gagliardo Cesare
Published: May 2017

Uterine fibroids, the most common benign tumor in women of childbearing age, may cause symptoms including pelvic pain, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pressure, urinary symptoms, and infertility. Various approaches are available to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids. Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) represents a recently introduced noninvasive safe and effective technique that can be performed without general anesthesia, in an outpatient setting. We review the principles of MRgFUS, describing patient selection criteria for the treatments performed at our center and we present a series of five selected patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids treated with this not yet widely known technique, showing its efficacy in symptom improvement and fibroid volume reduction.
Auditory Processing Abilities of Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Folmer Robert L. , Vachhani Jay J. , Theodoroff Sarah M. , Ellinger Rachel , Riggins Amy
Published: May 2017

Since Parkinson’s Disease (PD) primarily affects older people, a majority of PD patients have age-related hearing loss (HL) that will worsen over time. The goal of this study was to assess peripheral and central auditory functions in a population of PD patients and compare the results with a group of age-matched control subjects. Study participants included 35 adults with PD (mean age = 66.9 ± 11.2 years) and a group of 35 healthy control subjects (mean age = 65.4 ± 12.3 years). Assessments included questionnaires, neuropsychological tests, audiometric testing, and a battery of central auditory processing tests. Both study groups exhibited patterns of sensorineural hearing loss (slightly worse in the PD group) which were typical for their age and would contribute to difficulties in communication for many participants. Compared to the control group, PD patients reported greater difficulty in hearing words people are speaking. Although 27 PD patients (77%) were good candidates for amplification, only 7 (26%) of these hearing aid candidates used the devices. Because it is important for PD patients to optimize communication with their family members, caregivers, friends, and clinicians, it is vital to identify and remediate auditory dysfunction in this population as early as possible.
Association of Irisin Plasma Levels with Anthropometric Parameters in Children with Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity
Authors: Elizondo-Montemayor Leticia , Silva-Platas Christian , Torres-Quintanilla Alejandro , Rodríguez-López Carlos , Ruiz-Esparza Guillermo U. , Reyes-Mendoza Eric , Garcia-Rivas Gerardo
Published: May 2017

The correlations between irisin levels, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements have been extensively described in adults with considerable controversy, but little evidence about these relationships has been found in children. The objective of this study is to correlate the plasma levels of irisin in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children with anthropometric parameters and physical activity levels. A cross-sample of 40 children was divided into the following groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) percentile. The correlations of plasma irisin levels with physical activity, anthropometric, and metabolic measurements were determined. Plasma irisin levels (ng/mL) were lower for the underweight group (164.2 ± 5.95) than for the normal weight and obese groups (182.8 ± 5.58;p<0.05). Irisin levels correlated positively with BMI percentile (0.387), waist circumference (0.373), and fat-free mass (0.353;p<0.05), but not with body muscle mass (−0.027). After a multiple linear regression analysis, only BMI percentile (0.564;p<0.008) showed a positive correlation with irisin. Our results indicated no association with metabolic parameters. A negative correlation with physical activity was observed. Interrelationships among body components might influence irisin levels in children.
A Case of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting as Conversion Disorder
Authors: Yegya-Raman Nikhil , Aziz Rehan , Schneider Daniel , Tobia Anthony , Leitch Megan , Nwobi Onyi
Published: May 2017

Background. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare disorder of the central nervous system. Its initial diagnosis may be obscured by its variable presentation. This case report illustrates the complexity of diagnosing this disease early in the clinical course, especially when the initial symptoms may be psychiatric. It offers a brief review of the literature and reinforces a role for consultation psychiatry services. Methods. PUBMED/MEDLINE was searched using the terms “Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease”, “psychiatric symptoms”, “conversion disorder”, “somatic symptom disorder”, “functional movement disorder”, and “functional neurologic disorder”. Case. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with no prior psychiatric history who was initially diagnosed with conversion disorder and unspecified anxiety disorder but soon thereafter was discovered to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Discussion. This case highlights the central role of psychiatric symptoms in early presentations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Still, few other cases in the literature report functional neurological symptoms as an initial sign. The consultation psychiatrist must remain alert to changing clinical symptoms, especially with uncharacteristic disease presentations.
The Effect of Pudilan Anti‐Inflammatory Oral Liquid on the Treatment of Mild Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers
Authors: Jin Ying , Lin Xiaoping , Song Liming , Liu Mengnan , Zhang Ying , Qi Xiangmin , Zhao Danping
Published: May 2017

Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common recurrent oral mucosal lesions characterized by recurrence and pain. The aim of this research is to evaluate the short‐term curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine “Pudilan anti‐inflammatory oral liquid” on mild recurrent aphthous ulcers. A total of 234 patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group. Both groups used vitamin B2 as the basis of treatment. The treatment group took a Pudilan anti‐inflammatory oral solution for 8 days while the control group was given a liquid placebo. The ulcer size, pseudomembrane, peripheral congestion, and pain scores of the treatment group were lower than before treatment. The curative effect on the Pudilan group was statistically significant compared with the control group. The final therapeutic effect on the treatment group was better than that on the control group. The healing time of mild recurrent aphthous ulcers can be shortened by Pudilan anti‐inflammatory oral liquid, and pain is relieved without adverse reactions. Pudilan provides a new reference drug for the treatment of mild recurrent oral ulcers.
Modified Suanzaorentang Had the Treatment Effect for Generalized Anxiety Disorder for the First 4 Weeks of Paroxetine Medication: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Song Ming-Fen , Hu Lin-Lin , Liu Wen-Juan , Liu Yi , Tao Xiao-Yun , Wang Ting-Ting , Wang Sheng-Dong , Zhang Long , Zhang Yong-Hua
Published: May 2017

Background. Paroxetine does not show satisfactory therapeutic effect for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients for the first 2–4 weeks of medication. Diazepam is always concurrently used although it has some shortcomings such as physical dependence and withdrawal reactions. In this study, we aimed to identify whether modified Suanzaorentang (MSZRT), a combined Chinese formula including Suanzaorentang (SZRT) and Zhizichitang (ZZCT), could control the anxiety of GAD for the first 4 weeks of paroxetine medication. Methods. 156 GAD patients were randomized to the treatment of paroxetine, paroxetine‐diazepam, or paroxetine‐MSZRT for 4 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) Test and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) Test were determined each week as the evaluation of clinical efficacy. Adverse events (AEs) were also closely observed by performing the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) Test. Results. Both paroxetine‐MSZRT and paroxetine‐diazepam decreased more HAMA and SAS total scores than paroxetine from weeks 1 to 3. Paroxetine‐MSZRT as well as paroxetine‐diazepam had an obviously higher onset rate than paroxetine in each week. After 4 weeks’ treatment, the overall effectiveness rate in the paroxetine‐MSZRT group (90.00%) was obviously higher than those of the paroxetine group (74.42%) but did not significantly differ from the paroxetine‐diazepam group (93.88%). Conclusion. MSZRT had the treatment effect for GAD when paroxetine was used for the first 4 weeks.
Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Systemic Abscesses due toStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisInfection
Authors: Jourani M. , Duprez T. , Roelants V. , Rodriguez-Villalobos H. , Hantson P.
Published: May 2017

Disseminated abscesses due to group Gβ-hemolyticStreptococcus dysgalactiaewere observed in a 57-year-old cirrhotic patient with the skin being the putative way of entry for the pathogen.S. dysgalactiaeis a rare agent in human infections responsible for acute pyogenic meningitis. The mortality rate associated withS. dysgalactiaebacteraemia and meningitis may be as high as 50%, particularly in the presence of endocarditis or brain abscesses. In our patient, main sites of infections were meningitis and ventriculitis, spondylodiscitis, septic arthritis, and soft-tissue infections. In contrast, no endocarditis was evidenced. Cirrhosis-related immune suppression was considered as a pathophysiological cofactor for the condition. Fortunately, clinical status improved after long-term (3 months) antimicrobial therapy.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitor through NOXA-Mediated MCL1 Degradation in Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Torres-Adorno Angie M. , Lee Jangsoon , Kogawa Takahiro , Ordentlich Peter , Tripathy Debu , Lim Bora , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), diagnosed clinically, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), diagnosed by molecular receptor status, are the two most aggressive forms of breast cancer, and both lack effective targeted therapies. We previously demonstrated involvement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor entinostat in regulating apoptosis in IBC and TNBC cells; here, we aimed to identify novel combination therapy candidates.

Experimental Design: Potential therapeutic targets were identified by mRNA expression profiling of TNBC and IBC cells treated with entinostat. Drug action and synergism were assessed by in vitro proliferation assays, tumor growth in vivo, and proteomic analyses. Gain/loss-of-expression studies were utilized to functionally validate the role of identified targets in sensitivity of TNBC and IBC cells to combination therapy.

Results: Entinostat induced activity of the oncogenic ERK pathway and expression of proapoptotic NOXA. These are known to stabilize and degrade, respectively, MCL1, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. In breast cancer patients, high-MCL1/low-NOXA tumor expression correlated significantly with poor survival outcomes. Combination treatment of entinostat with MEK inhibitor pimasertib reduced the growth of TNBC and IBC cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The synergistic action of combination therapy was observed in TNBC and IBC cell lines in which NOXA expression was induced following entinostat treatment. The therapeutic activity depended on induction of mitochondrial cell death pathways initiated by NOXA-mediated MCL1 degradation.

Conclusions: Our preclinical findings provide a rationale for the clinical testing of combination HDAC and MEK pathway inhibition for TNBC and IBC that exhibit elevated baseline tumor MCL1 expression. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4780–92. ©2017 AACR.
Rutin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokine Level in Adjuvant Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis via Inhibition of NF-κB
Authors: Sun Chong-ling , Wei Jun , Bi Li-qi
Published: May 2017

The present study was intended to elucidate the effect of rutin, a flavonoid, on arthritis in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The present study showed that more pronounced effect has been observed in the case of 15 mg/kg dose of rutin, with significant reduction in paw diameter together with positive modulation of hematological parameters as compared to 2 other tested doses. A significant upsurge in the level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione were observed together with decrease in the level of malondialdehyde after treatment with rutin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of rutin on the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in arthritic rats showed does-dependent lowering of these cytokines with maximum benefit at 15 mg/kg dose and the level of both NF-κB p65 and NF-κBp65 (Ser536) has been significantly reduced in the presence of rutin. Histopathological examination showed that the inflammatory cells infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation and cartilage and bone erosion had considerably improved on administration of rutin. In conclusion, our paper strongly demonstrated the protective effect of rutin against the rheumatoid arthritis involved via suppression of NF-κB p65 protein expression.
Effect of Maxing Shigan Tang on H1N1 Influenza A Virus-Associated Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Zhong Yanchun , Zhou Jie , Liang Ning , Liu Bihao , Lu Ruirui , He Yu , Liang Chunlin , Wu Junbiao , Zhou Yuan , Hu Miaomiao , Zhou Jiuyao
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study is aimed at examining the effects of Maxing Shigan Tang (MST) treatment on H1N1-associated acute lung injury (ALI) and exploring the possible mechanism. Material and Methods: Mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition group (PPARγ-), PPARγ activation group (PPARγ+), and MST group. Influenza A (H1N1) virus of the Fort Monmouth 1 (FM1) strain was used to induce an ALI mice model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to investigate the effect of MST treatment on H1N1-associated ALI. Cell apoptosis of lung tissues of each group were conducted through transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling methods. Moreover, the expression level of caspase 3, activity of caspase 3, and serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α of each group were also analyzed. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis were carried out to detect angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) expression level. Results: We found that mice infected with the FM1 strain of H1N1 influenza A virus developed severe ALI, and MST could improve H1N1-induced ALI. Moreover, MST decreased lung cell apoptosis and reduced the serum content of TNF-α. In addition, MST significantly induced the ANGPTL4 expression in H1N1-induced ALI. Conclusion: MST improves H1N1-associated ALI maybe through targeting ANGPTL4 in mice.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Stimulate Proinflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sabbione Florencia , Keitelman Irene A. , Iula Leonardo , Ferrero Mariana , Giordano Mirta N. , Baldi Pablo , Rumbo Martín , Jancic Carolina , Trevani Analía S.
Published: May 2017

Tissue injury leads to the release of uric acid (UA). At high local concentrations, UA can form monosodium urate crystals (MSU). MSU and UA stimulate neutrophils to release extracellular traps (NET). Here, we investigated whether these NET could be involved in the development of inflammation by stimulating cytokine release by airway epithelial cells. We found that NET significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8/IL-8 and IL-6 by alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. These effects were not observed when NETosis was inhibited by Diphenyleneiodonium, elastase inhibitor, or Cl-amidine. Similar findings were made with NET induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that NET proinflammatory capacity is independent of the inducing stimulus. Furthermore, NET affected neither the viability and morphology of epithelial cells nor the barrier integrity of polarized cells. The epithelial stimulatory capacity of NET was not affected by degradation of DNA with micrococcal nuclease, treatment with heparin, or inhibition of the elastase immobilized to DNA, but it was significantly reduced by pretreatment with an anti-HMGB-1 blocking antibody. Altogether, our findings indicate that NET exert direct proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells that might contribute in vivo to the further recruitment of neutrophils and the perpetuation of inflammation upon lung tissue damage.
Combined Antrectomy Reduces the Incidence of Delayed Gastric Emptying after Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Kato Yoshiyasu , Yamada Mihoko , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: May 2017

Background: There are a few reports that compare the rate of postoperative complications between subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD) and antrectomy-combined pancreatoduodenectomy (ACPD), especially with respect to delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: From 2002 to 2013, 628 patients who underwent SSPPD (n = 78) or ACPD (n = 550) were enrolled in this study. The rate of DGE and the nutritional status were compared between patients receiving ACPD and SSPPD. Results: The overall morbidity rate (p = 0.830) was comparable between both groups; however, the incidence of DGE grade B or C was significantly higher in the SSPPD group than that in the ACPD group (16 vs. 7%, p = 0.007). A multivariate analysis identified SSPPD rather than ACPD (p = 0.007) and portal vein resection and reconstruction (p = 0.028) to be independent risk factors for DGE grade B or C. The changes in the body weight and nutritional parameters 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were comparable between 2 groups. Conclusions: SSPPD and not ACPD was an independent risk factor for grade B or C DGE, but the postoperative nutritional status was comparable between the 2 groups based on the limited nutritional data. Combined resection of antrum will help reduce the risk of DGE after PD.
Mir-338-3p Mediates Tnf-A-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Targeting PP4r1 to Regulate PP4 Expression
Authors: Dou Lin , Wang Shuyue , Sun Libo , Huang Xiuqing , Zhang Yang , Shen Tao , Guo Jun , Man Yong , Tang Weiqing , Li Jian
Published: May 2017

Objective: Insulin resistance is a critical factor contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that miR-338-3p plays an important role in cancer. Here, we investigated whether miR-338-3p mediates tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Methods: The activation of the insulin signalling pathway and the level of glycogenesis were examined in the livers of the db/db and high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and in HEP1-6 cells transfected with miR-338-3p mimic or inhibitor. Computational prediction of microRNA target, luciferase assay and Western blot were used to assess the miR-338-3p target. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to determine the transcriptional regulator of miR-338-3p. Results: miR-338-3p was down-regulated in the livers of the db/db, HFD-fed and TNF-α-treated C57BL/6J mice, as well as in mouse HEP1-6 hepatocytes treated with TNF-α. Importantly the down-regulation of miR-338-3p induced insulin resistance, as indicated by impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Further research showed that the down-regulated miR-338-3p resulted in the impaired AKT/ glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSl·Gβ) signalling pathway and glycogen synthesis. In contrast, hepatic over-expression of miR-338-3p rescued the TNF-α-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, protein phosphatase 4 regulator subunit 1 (PP4R1) was identified as a direct target of miR-338-3p that mediated hepatic insulin signalling by regulating protein phosphatase 4 (PP4). Finally we identified hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) as the transcriptional regulator of miRNA-338-3p. Conclusions: Our studies provide novel insight into the critical role and molecular mechanism by which miR-338-3p is involved in TNF-α-induced hepatic insulin resistance. miR-338-3p might mediate TNF-α-induced hepatic insulin resistance by targeting PP4R1 to regulate PP4 expression.