bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Daya Hambat Perasan Daging Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Muchyar Dwi S.R. , Pangemanan Damajanty H.C. , Supit Aurelia S.R.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: To date, Staphylococcus aureus resistance to some antibiotics is still increasing inter alia the methisillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Therefore, it is necessary to find other alternative materials that could overcome this bacteria. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a medicinal plant that contains antibacterial compounds such as saponins, glutathiones, flavonoids, and tannins in its fruit flesh. This study was aimed to obtain the inhibitory effect of avocado flesh on the growth of S. aureus. This was a true experimental study with a post test only control group design. We used Kirby-Bauer modification with paper disks. The positive control was ciprofloxacin and the negative control was aquadest. The avocado flesh was refined by using a juicer and then was filtered. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were obtained from pure bacteria stock at Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The result showed that the avocado juice had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus. The mean diameter of inhibitory zones formed was 15.55 mm which was classified as a strong inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The avocado flesh had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: avocado flesh (Persea americana Mill.), S. aureus, inhibitory effect Abstrak: Resistensi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik sudah cukup tinggi. Sebagai contoh ialah methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Oleh karena itu perlu dicari bahan alternatif lain yang dapat mengatasi berkembang biaknya bakteri ini. Buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang dikenal berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri karena terdapat kandungan senyawa antibakteri pada daging buah seperti saponin, glutatin, flavonoid, dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat perasan daging buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Metode yang digunakan yaitu modifikasi Kirby-Bauer dengan kertas saring. Kontrol positif menggunakan antibakteri ciprofloxacin dan kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Daging buah alpukat dihaluskan dengan menggunakan juicer dan disaring. Bakteri S. aureus diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perasan daging buah alpukat memilki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Diameter rerata zona hambat yang terbentuk yaitu 15,55 mm dan digolongkan sebagai zona hambat yang kuat. Simpulan: Perasan daging buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) memiliki daya hambat kuat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus.Kata kunci: daging buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.), S. aureus, daya hambat
Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Sekeon Helen N. , Homenta Heriyannis , Leman Michael A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is the most common bacterium that causes dental caries due to its ability to ferment carbohydrates into acid resulting in the decreased pH on the tooth surface. Prevention of dental caries could be achieved by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Various efforts to control and prevent the cariogenic bacteria include the usage of herbal ingredients; one of them is gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). These gedi leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. This study was aimed to prove that gedi leaf extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of S.mutans and to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on the growth of S. mutans. This was a true experimental design with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Gedi leaf extract was obtained by maceration method in 96% ethanol. The results showed that gedi leaf extract had an antibacterial effect on the growth of S. mutans. We used turbidimetry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and two times of treatment to obtain the MIC of gedi leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans which was 6.25%. Conclusion: Gedi leaf extract could inhibit the growth of S. mutans with a MIC of 6.25%.Keywords: dental caries, gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans Abstrak: Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak menyebabkan karies gigi karena bakteri ini berkemampuan memfermentasi karbohidrat menjadi asam yang berakibat turunnya pH pada permukaan gigi. Pencegahan karies gigi dapat dicapai dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengen-dalikan dan mencegah bakteri kariogenik, antara lain dengan menggunakan bahan herbal; salah satunya yaitu tanaman gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Daun gedi mengandung senyawa bioaktif antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek inhibisi ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans dan mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Ekstrak daun gedi dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Dengan menggunakan metode turbidimetri dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dalam 2 (dua) kali perlakuan maka diperoleh KHM ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun gedi dapat meghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: karies gigi, ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans
Uji Perbandingan Kekuatan Kompresi Tumpatan Resin Komposit dengan Teknik Incremental Horizontal dan Teknik Bulk
Authors: Mundung Claudya , Wowor Vonny N. S. , Wicaksono Dinar A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Composite resin is one of the restoration material used in dental practice. Its strength and resistance factors toward usage and stability dimension lead to high compression strength to withstand mastication burden. This capacity has to be considered in choosing the composite resin as restoration material. This study was aimed to compare the compression strength of resin composites formed with horizontal incremental restoration technique and with bulk restoration technique. This was an experimental study conducted at Material Engineering Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering Sam Ratulangi University Manado. There were six samples divided into 2 groups, each of 3 samples. The results showed that compression strength of resin composite formed with horizontal incremental technique was 199.45 MPa meanwhile of resin composite formed with bulk technique was 191.65 MPa. Conclusion: Compression strength of resin composite formed with horizontal incremental technique was higher than of resin composite formed with bulk technique.Keywords: resin composite, compression strength, incremental technique, bulk technique Abstrak: Resin komposit merupakan salah satu bahan restorasi yang sering digunakan di kedokteran gigi. Faktor kekuatan dan ketahanan terhadap penggunaan dan stabilitas dimensi memungkinkannya memiliki kekuatan kompresi yang besar untuk menahan beban kunyah. Hal ini merupakan salah satu keunggulan yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan saat memilih resin komposit sebagai bahan tumpatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan teknik penumpatan incremental horizontal dan teknik penumpatan bulk untuk kekuatan kompresi resin komposit. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Rekayasa Material Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Sampel berjumlah 6 buah dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 3 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan kompresi tumpatan resin komposit dengan teknik incremental horizontal sebesar 199,45 MPa dan tumpatan resin komposit dengan teknik bulk sebesar 191,65 MPa. Simpulan: Kekuatan tekanan kompresi tumpatan resin komposit menggunakan teknik incremental horizontal lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan menggunakan teknik bulk.Kata kunci: resin komposit, kekuatan kompresi, teknik penumpatan incremental horizontal, teknik penumpatan bulk
Perubahan Warna Resin Komposit pada Perendaman Larutan Cuka (Asam Asetat) dan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus arantifolia)
Authors: Makasenda Evica F.L , Wicaksono Dinar A. , Khoman Johanna A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: In this globalization era, Indonesian people especially in Sulawesi Utara are aware of oral health. Their awareness is related to oral diseases as well as aesthetics. Good aesthetics can be achieved by using several methods inter alia composite resin restoration. However, this composite resin undergoes discoloration in the mouth. To overcome the discoloration of the composite resin, alternative materials like acetic acid and lime that can remove the colored substances adhered on the composite resin are introduced. This study was aimed to determine the discoloration of composite resin immersed in acetic solution and in fresh lime juice. This was a true experimental study with a pretest and posttest group design. This study was conducted in 5 days. Daily observation at the same time was perormed by using spectrophotometer to all samples. Data were processed with Microsoft excel and presented in tables. The results showed that based on the spectrophotometer measurement, the composite resins’ color immersed in carbonate solution changed (became brighter) after immersion in acetic solution (from 0.72 to 1.52) and in lime juice (from 0.68 to 1.48). Conclusion: The color of discolored composite resins immersed in acetic acid solution and fresh lime juice became brighter.Keywords: composite resin, discoloration, acetic solution, lime. Abstrak: Pada era globalisasi saat ini, masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Utara mulai sadar akan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kesadaran masyarakat tersebut tidak hanya mengenai penyakit gigi dan mulut, melainkan juga masalah estetik gigi. Estetik yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan banyak cara, salah satunya tindakan penumpatan dengan menggunakan resin komposit. Resin komposit memiliki kecenderungan berubah warna pada saat digunakan di rongga mulut. Perubahan warna menjadi penyebab diperlukannya penggantian bahan tumpatan (resin komposit). Untuk menghemat biaya terdapat alternatif lain seperti asam cuka (asam asetat) dan jeruk nipis yang dapat mengangkat zat-zat warna yang menempel pada resin komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan cuka dan perasan jeruk nipis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental semu dengan pretest and posttest group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan setiap harinya pada jam yang sama dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer untuk sampel larutan cuka dan sampel jeruk nipis. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan program komputer microsoft excel dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan karbonasi selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan cuka dari 0,72 menjadi 1,52 dan dalam jeruk nipis dari 0,68 menjadi 1,48. Simpulan: Terdapat perubahan warna lebih cerah pada resin komposit yang direndam pada larutan cuka dan jeruk nipis.Kata kunci: Resin komposit, perubahan warna, larutan cuka, jeruk nipis
Gambaran Karies Gigi pada Penyandang Diabetes Melitus di Rumah Sakit Kalooran Amurang
Authors: Ampow Falen V. , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Anindita Pritartha S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dental caries is caused by certain bacteria that have acid-forming properties. Due to these bacteria, a low pH in the oral cavity is achieved which may cause slow enamel demineralization and form a ferocious focus. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, is one of the predisposing factors of dental caries. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of dental caries in people with diabetes mellitus. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were diabetic patients at the Internal Medicine Department of Kalooran Hospital Amurang. There were 50 patients in this study obtained by using total sampling technique. Diabetic status was determined by using random blood glucose level (Perkeni 2011) meanwhile caries status was assessed by using DMF-T score. Data were processed by using SPSS and then were presented in tabular form. The results showed that very high caries index was found in 16.0% of subjects with good blood glucose control, 30.0% with moderate blood glucose control, and 36.0% with poor blood glucose control; the total number was 82.0% of subjects. Most subjects had diabetes for 5-10 years (44.0%) with very high caries index (40.0%). Conclusion: Most diabetic patients had very high caries index with the highest percentage in patients with DM for 5-10 years and in patients with poor blood glucose control.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level, dental caries Abstrak: Karies gigi terjadi oleh karena bakteri-bakteri tertentu yang mempunyai sifat membentuk asam sehingga terjadi pH rendah yang dapat menyebabkan pelarutan mineral enamel secara perlahan dan membentuk fokus perlubangan. Diabetes melitus (DM) yang ditandai dengan keadaan hiperglikemia merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karies gigi pada penyandang DM. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah penyandang DM di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RS Kalooran Amurang yang berjumlah 50 orang, diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Status DM dinilai melalui kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (Perkeni 2011), sedangkan status karies dinilai menggunakan skor DMF-T. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menda-patkan kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi ditemukan pada 16,0% subyek dengan kontrol gula darah baik, 30,0% dengan kontrol gula darah sedang, dan 36,0% dengan kontrol gula darah buruk; jumlah total 82,0% subyek. Subjek terbanyak ialah penyandang DM 5-10 tahun (44,0%) dengan kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi (40,0%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar penyandang DM memiliki kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi dengan persentase tertinggi pada penyandang DM 5-10 tahun dan penyandang DM dengan kontrol gula darah yang buruk.Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, kadar gula darah, karies gigi
Status Periodontal Anak Usia 8-12 Tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 126 Manado
Authors: Mantiri Amanda N. P. , Wowor Vonny N. S. , Mintjelungan Christy N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a serious chronic infection that involves the destruction of tooth supporting tissues, including gum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. It is the second most common dental and oral disease suffered by people in the world after dental caries. According to WHO, age 12 years has been chosen as an age group of global indicators for international comparison and surveillance of disease trends. This study was aimed to obtain the periodontal status of students 8-12 years old at SD Negeri 126 Manado (elementary school). This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were 76 students obtained by using purposive sampling technique. Data of gum examination of all subjects were obtained by using WHO CPI probe and flat dental mirror and were analyzed univariately and presented in distribution tables. The results showed that 7 students (9.2%) had healthy gums, meanwhile 69 students (90.8%) had unhealthy gums, consisting of 66 students (86.8%) with bleeding gums ≤50%, and 3 students (4%) with bleeding gums ≥51%. Conclusion: Most students in this study had bleeding gum ≤50%. Albeit, some students still had healthy gums.Keywords: students aged 8-12 years, periodontal status, gingival bleeding Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal adalah infeksi kronis serius yang melibatkan penghancuran jaringan pendukung gigi, termasuk gingiva, ligamen periodontal, dan tulang alveolar. Penyakit ini tergolong penyakit gigi dan mulut kedua terbanyak yang diderita masyarakat di dunia setelah karies gigi. Menurut WHO, usia 12 tahun dipilih sebagai kelompok usia indikator global untuk perbandingan internasional dan surveilans kecenderungan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status periodontal siswa usia 8-12 tahun di SD Negeri 126 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Responden penelitian ialah 76 siswa, diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh berdasarkan pemeriksaan gingiva terhadap subyek menggunakan probe CPI WHO dan kaca mulut, kemudian diolah dengan cara analisis univariat serta disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 7 siswa (9,2%) memiliki gingiva sehat, dan 69 siswa (90,8%) yang tidak sehat terdiri dari 66 siswa (86,8%) mengalami perdarahan gingiva ≤50%, dan 3 siswa (4%) mengalami perdarahan gingiva ≥51%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar siswa usia 8-12 tahun di SD Negeri 126 Manado mengalami perdarahan gingival ≤50%. Walaupun demikian, sebagian kecil siswa masih memiliki gingiva yang sehat.Kata kunci: anak usia 8-12 tahun, status periodontal, perdarahan gingiva
TINGKAH LAKU INDUK YAKI (Macaca nigra) TERHADAP ANAK DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO BITUNG SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Saisab Veronika V. , Laatung Sylvia , Rawung Vonny R.W.
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data mengenai aktivitas induk Yaki pada anak di Cagar Alam Tangkoko. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko Bitung Sulawesi Utara selama 3 bulan menggunakan metode Obeservasi. Materi penelitian yaitu 3 ekor induk Yaki yang berada dalam kelompok Rambo 1. Variabel yang diamati adalah tingkah laku menggendong, tingkah laku menyusui, tingkah laku memberi makan, tingkah laku grooming dan tingkah laku bermain anak. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan histogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rataan frekuensi menggendong anak pada induk I sebesar 13,06 ±3.02 kemudian induk II sebesar 12,25 ±2.43 dan induk III sebesar 13,31 ±3.34. Tingkah laku menggendong induk terhadap anak diawali dengan induk memeluk, mengangkat anak ke pangkuan, kemudian anak diletakan di depan dada sang induk, dan anak melakukan hiding pada induk sehingga induk tidak lagi memegang atau menahan anak agar tidak jatuh. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa frekuensi menyusui induk I adalah  sebesar 8,31 ±2.52, induk 2 sebesar 6,87 ±2.30, dan induk 3 sebesar 7,56 ±2.63. Induk menyusui anak dengan cara meletakan anak didepan dada sehingga anak dapat menyusui dengan baik. Frekuensi pemberian makanan induk pada anak sangat rendah. Rataan frekuensi pemberian makan induk kepada anak  pada induk 1 sebesar 0,31 induk II sebesar 0,93 dan induk III sebesar 0,87. Kemampuan anak dalam menggigit makan belum sempurna sehingga makanan yang dimakan oleh anak biasanya tidak sampai habis dan langsung dibuang. Rataan frekuensi grooming induk pada anak pada induk I sebesar 0,87, induk II sebesar 0,93 dan induk III sebesar 1,06 dan frekuensi grooming induk dari dan pada yaki lain adalah induk I sebesar 0,56, induk II sebesar 0,56 dan induk III sebesar 0,68. Tingkah laku grooming yang dilakukan induk betina pada anak berupa membersihkan tubuh sang anak dari parasit yang menempel ditubuh sang anak. Tingkah laku grooming induk dari betina lain diawali dengan induk duduk dengan tetap memeluk anak. Kemudian betina lain datang menghampiri induk dan kemudian melakukan grooming. Tingkah laku bermain anak lebih mengarah pada pergerakan anak yang seakan ingin menghindar dari induk dengan memutari induk dengan berlari berkeliling.
PENAMBAHAN RIMPANG KUNYIT (CURCUMA DOMESTICA VAL.), TEMULAWAK (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.), DAN TEMU PUTIH (CURCUMA ZEDOARIA ROSC.) DALAM RANSUM KOMERSIL TERHADAP KUALITAS TELUR BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix-coturnix japonica)
Authors: Rondonuwu Claudia , Saerang J L.P , Nangoy F J , Laatung S
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTADDITION TURMERIC GINGER, RHIZOME AND WHITE RHIZOME OF COMMERCIAL RATION TO EGGS’ QUALITY OF QUAILS.This study aims to determine the quality of quail eggs after added 2% turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.), ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), and ginger and white (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) in the commercial ration. Animals used are of the type Coturnix-coturnix japonica quail females aged 6 weeks a total of 120 birds. Research using completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, and each replication consisted of 6 tail quail. Treatment is given as follows: R0 = control diet; R1= ration with 2% turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.), R2 = 2% ration with ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), R3 = 2% ration with ginger and white (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.). results of the study showed that the addition of 2% turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.), ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), ginger and white (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) and not significantly different effect on egg weight, yolk color and egg shell thickness. And based on the results of this study concluded that the addition of 2% turmeric, ginger, ginger and white and can not increase egg weight, yolkcolor and egg shell thickness when added to a commercial ration.Keyword : Ration, Turmeric, Ginger, Ginger and White, Quail Eggs.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN PRODUK PETERNAKAN DI DESA TAWAANG KECAMATAN TENGA KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Loho Reynol , Rorimpandey B , Massie M T , Santa N M
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCT DEMAND AT TAWAANG VILLAGE, TENGA DISTRICT SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of   *Alumni Fakultas Peternakan Unsrat **Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Peternakan   livestock product demand in Tenga district. The problem this study was how far demand factors such as prices of chicken meat, pork, beef meat, fish, tofu and fermented soybean (tempe) affected the level of demand for livestock products in Tenga district.The total number of samples used in this study were 45 respondents of households. Data collection was conducted during 3 months using the survey method. The analysis used was the model of SUR (Seemingly Unrelated Regression) using the equation of the demand function. The results showed that the numbers of livestock product demand in the Tenga district were chicken meat of 3.04 kg/quarter, pork of 3.24 kg/quarter, beef of 1.29kg/quarter, and egg product of 64.56 eggs/quarter. Therefore; factor of the prices of chicken meat, pork, beef, fish, tofu and fermented soybean (tempe) influenced the demand of livestock products. Keywords: Demand, prices, animal product.
RIPITABILITAS KECEPATAN LARI DAN TINGGI PUNDAK ANAK KUDA PACU UMUR BERBEDA PADA KETURUNAN PEJANTAN “MANGUNI MAKASIOW” DENGAN METODE KORELASI DALAM KLAS (Intraclass corelation)
Authors: Ambo Sitty Fatimah S. , Adiani S. , Paputungan U , Paat J.
Published: July 2019

SPEED AND BODY HEIGHT REPEATABILITIES OF RACING HORSE AT DIFFERENT AGE IN OFFSPRING FROM “MANGUNI MAKASIOUW” MALE PARENT WITH INTRACLASS CORRELATION . This study was conducted to determine the repeatability values of speed and body height at different ages of the offspring from “Manguni Makasiouw” male parent using intraclass correlation method. Data used in this study were the records of speed to run with various distance of race horse resulting from racehorse competition in North Sulawesi and national PORDASI competition. Running speed data were tabulated using the method of analysis of variance process to obtain the values of repeatabilities. Based on the research and discussion, running speed of racehorse was the highest in the age of five years old and the lowest in the age of two years old. The repeatability values in this study were relatively low, ranging from 0.029-0.047 (running speed) and from 0.029-0.05 (body height). The value of the correlation between running speed and body height at age 2-5 years had high correlation values ​​(0.760 to 0.961), indicating that the higher the body height, the higher the level of horse running speed. Keywords: Racing Horses, repeatability, speed, body height, different Ages.
SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAGING BROILER DENGAN LAMA PERENDAMAN BERBEDA DALAM PERASAN LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpa)
Authors: Sumual Mergy Angelia , Hadju R. , Rotinsulu M. D. , Sakul S. E.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BROILER MEAT WITH DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIME IN LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpa).The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic properties of broiler meat marinated in lemon cui (Citrus microcarpa). There are four levels of immersion duration of treatment (4, 3, 2 and 1 hour) with observed organoleptically by 50 panelists. From the results of this research note to give soaking time organoleptic assessment on the color range 4.00 - 4.82, aroma 4.34 - 5.12, the texture of 4.02 - 4.52, tenderness 5.20 - 5.36, flavor 3.98 - 4.58. Based on the results of the assessment concluded that broiler meat is soaked for 1 hour in lemon cui organoleptic (color, aroma, texture, tenderness and flavor) can be accepted by consumers.   Key words : broiler meat, lemon cui, organoleptic properties
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK ALAT PENCERNAAN KELELAWAR PTEROPUS ALECTO DI SULAWESI BAGIAN UTARA
Authors: Pendong Leo K. , Umboh J. F , Imbar M , Rahasia C A
Published: July 2019

CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF BAT (PTEROPUS ALECTO) IN NORTHERN SULAWESI. The study aimed to classify Pteropus alecto (Black flying foxes=paniki yaki), based on the type of feed and the digestive system. A Descriptive explorative method was used in this study. The primary data, consist of animals sample, and of laboratory identification of the shapes physical morphology  and size of digestive organs. The secondary data was taken by collecting the information from bat origin region, or its habitat. The results showed, the general characteristics of bat (Pteropus alecto), both male and female were performed a hairy color black in all parts of  the body (except in the wings), it has no tail, the face shape resembles a dog or fox, has sharp curved claws on thumb, also on both toes, for hanging. The body length of the observed P. alecto were ±16.4 cm (♀) and ±22.5 cm (♂), with the body weight was ± 719,87 g on male, heavier than females  (± 526.5 g). The profiles gastrointestinal organs of bat, viz: the teeth, stomach, intestine, and colon. Yhe teeth formula, were I = 2/2; C = 1/1; Pm = 2/2; M = 3/4, the number of overall teeth were 34. The digestive tract organs of bat (P. alecto) were suspected bigger, longer, and heavier, than other frugivore bat types, where the length of the stomach were ± 8.45 cm (♂) and 8.04 (♀), the length of the small intestine were ± 289.3 cm (♀) and 302.42 cm (♂), and the colon were ± 24.13 cm (♀) and 27.3 cm (♂). The mostly feed types being eaten by P. alecto, namely: papaya (Carica papaya), banana (Musa paradisica), mango (Mangifera indica), soursop (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium guajava) and coconut flower (Cocos nucifera) It is oncluded, bat (Pteropus alecto) has a digestive organs system which generally similar to other monogastric animals, but it has no cecum, and no space for fermentative digestion, and where it main feed is fruits, so it can be categorized as frugivores herbivores monogastric animal (non pseudo-ruminant). Keywords: Pteropus alecto, feed type, digestive tract organs
PENGARUH NAUNGAN DAN LEVEL NITROGEN TERHADAP KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT CORONIVA
Authors: Anis S D. , Kaligis D A , Dalie S
Published: July 2019

EFFECT OF SHADING AND NITROGEN LEVEL TO CHARACTER OF GROWTH  CORONIVA GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola).The Coroniva grass (Brachiaria humidicola) or Schweick was ruminant animal feed grass with high ability for land recovering, land erosion and high nutrient quality for ruminant animals. In the areas with high sun light and land nutrient availability,this grass was capable to increase carbon accumulation under top soil and contribute the nitrogen (N) as fixation result of Azotobacter microorganism. Under shading areas and lack of land nutrient availability, especially nitrogen, growth and production potentials had not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of shading areas and nitrogen fertilizer on growth traits, dried matter plant leaf canopy and ratio between plant canopy and plan root of Coroniva grass (Brachiaria humidicola). Treatments were divided into three levels of shading (0%, 40%, 70%) and nitrogen fertilizer levels of 0 kg, 50 kg and 100 kg ha-1. Treatments were applied using factorial design based on block randomized design. Results showed that interaction between shading area of 40% and N level of 100 kg ha-1 produced the highest numbers and length of stolon, while the highest numbers of propagating plant were found at interaction between shading area of 40% and N level of  50 kg ha-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that growth traits of Coroniva grass were determined by the factors of shading areas and nitrogen macro element. Key word: Coroniva grass, shading area, nitrogen, growth.
RETENSI N, Ca DAN P PADA KAMBING YANG DIBERI DEDAK HALUS YANG DIAUTOCLAVE DENGAN LEVEL BERBEDA
Authors: Pudjihastuti E
Published: July 2019

RETENTION OF N, Ca and P in GOAT GIVEN FINE BRAN THAT OUTOCLAVED WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of autoclaved fine bran use at different levels on the retention of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in goats. This study used four goats at age of 7-8 months old with body weight of 8-10 kg. Basic feed used was Brachiaria mutica grass, which added with autoclaved fine bran at different levels, as follows: R0 = Brachiaria mutica grass R1 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 10% autoclaved fine bran R2 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 20% autoclaved fine bran R1 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 30% autoclaved fine bran This study used an experimental method based on the 4 x 4 Latin square design, where livestock served as row and experimental method as a line, followed by Duncan's multiple range test analysis. Results of analysis of variance showed that the treatment effect is highly significant (p <0.01) on dry matter intake, consumption and retention of N, consumption and retention of Ca and P. With Duncan's multiple range test showed that the treatment R3 was higher (p <0.01) than treatments of R2, R1 and R0 on consumption and retention of N, Ca and P. From these results, it can be concluded that the use of autoclaved fine bran up to 30% can improve the retention of N, Ca and P in goats.   Keywords: Fine bran, Autoclave, Retention, Goat
PENILAIAN KADAR AIR, PH DAN KOLONI BAKTERI PADA PRODUK DAGING BABI MERAH DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Sitompul Maruli , Siswosubroto E. , Rumondor Delly , Tamasoleng M. , Sakul S.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF WATER CONTENT, pH AND BACTERIA COLONY OF RED PORK PRODUCT IN MANADO CITY. Red pork is a processing productmeat preferred by consummers in Manado due to specific taste. On the other hand this product was sold at the cafeteria in different qualities. These were generally found on diffirent processing ways, meat sources, spice formulation and smoking time period. Meat quality could be reserved by adding NaCl, sugar, spice and smoking processing ways. The objective of this study was to evaluate water content, pH and bacteria colony in red pork sold at some cafeteria in Manado. Samples were taken randomly from several cafeteria in Manado and abalyzed at laboratory. Result showed that red pork product sold at several cafeteria in Manado had low average of water content at the A location (39.1%) and the highest average of water content at the G (56.34%). The lowest average of pH was found at the A location (5.69) and the highest average of it at G location (6.08). The lowest average of bacteria colony was also found A location (3.80 CFU/g) and the highest average of it at the G location (3.96 CFU/g). Therefore, it can be concluded that the red pork product sold at the cafeteria in Manado have good quality to be consumed in term of water content, pH and bacteria colony.Key words :Red pork product, water content, pH, bacteria colony
PENGARUH MEDIA TUMBUH DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN SORGUM VARIETAS NUMBU
Authors: Bajang Marsel Efraim , Rumambi A. , Kaunang W. B. , Rustandi D.
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIUM AND SOAKING TIME ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM VAR. NUMBU. The present study was conducted to elaboratethe effect of the growing medium andsoaking times on germination of sorghum varieties numbu. This research has been done to learn and obtain data on the effect of the plant growth media and the soaking times of the sorghum plant sprouts. The experiment consisted of a 3x4x3 factorial design with 3 levels of growing medium (100% original soil; 50% original soil + 50% burned soil; and 100% burned out soil) and 4 levels of soaking times (0,2,4, and 6 hours). After a significant F test (where necesarry) was employed to inspect differences among group means. Statistical difference was accepted at P < 0,05. Variables measured were: germination rates, germination, and leaf counts. Research results showed that growing medium gave a significant difference (P<0,01) on germination phase and germination rates. The interaction of growing medium andsoaking times gave a significant difference on leaf counts.It can be concluded that the growing medium gave a positive response on germination phase andgermination rates; while leaf counts of Sorghum var. Numbu interacted well with growing medium of 100% original soil and all level of soaking times. Keywords: growing medium, soaking times, sorghum var. Numbu, germination.
PENGARUH FERMENTASI ISI RUMEN SAPI DENGAN Trichoderma viride TERHADAP ENERGI METABOLIS PADA AYAM BROILER
Authors: Rarumangkay Jeni
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECT OF DRIED COW RUMEN FERMENTATION WITH TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ON METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF BROILER. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen. The experiment use dried cow rumen and dried cow rumen fermented Trichoderma viride during 9 days with 0,3% inoculum dose. The experiment use 18 six weeks old male broiler metabolizable energy parameter were analyzed with Wilcoxon test. The result of this experiment showed fermentation with Trichoderma viride could increase the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen.   Key word : Fermentation of dried cow rumen, broiler, metabolizable energy
KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN JERAMI JAGUNG MANADO KUNING DAN JERAMI JAGUNG HIBRIDA JAYA 3 PADA SAPI PO
Authors: Tuwaidan Nancy W.H. , Waani M. R. , - Rustandi - , Malalantang S. S.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF YELLOW MANADO AND JAYA 3 HYBRID CORN SRAWS FOR ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE. Experiment was conducted to determine the intake capacity and digestibility of Manado yellow corn straw (MYCS) and Jaya 3 hybrid corn straw (J3HCS) as single feed for Ongole grade cattle (OGC). Five female OGC were used in this experiment, applied into two periods. The animals were fed with MYCS in the first stage and J3HCS in the second stage. The measured variables were including dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), digestibility of crude protein (DCP) and digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (DNDF). The data were analyzed by T test. The results showed that treatment significantly affected (p <0.05) the DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF. It can be concluded DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF of MYCS were higher than those of J3HCS.   Key words: Dry matter Intake, Digestibility, Corn straw, Ongole grade cattle.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAH ALPHA MALE MONYET HITAM (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO
Authors: Mondoringin Ryan G.H. , Wungow Rita S.H , Paath Jantje , Rompas Joice J.I
Published: July 2019

IDENTIFICATION OF ALPHA MALE BLACK MONKEY (Macaca nigra) BEHAVIOR IN THE NATURE RESERVE TANGKOKO. This study aims to get the latest specific data regarding behavior Alpha male / Rambo dominant male in the group 1 in the nature reserve Tangkoko. Materials used 1 Monkey Black Male Dominant (Alpha Male) in group 1 residing Rambo in Tangkoko Nature Reserve Batuangus Bitung, North Sulawesi. The data obtained are analyzed and presented descriptively in the form of graphs or histograms. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The most long-standing activity Alpha Male / Male Dominance in the morning is locomotion and foraging and agonistic. During the day are: foraging, locomotion, grooming, and inactive. (2) Activities are at least done either in the morning or during the day is the mating activity (coitus). (3) Behaviour Males Dominant Alpha Male is different from other black monkeys in one group   Keywords: Alpha Male (Macaca nigra), identification of behavior
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BABI BIBIT SEBAGAI PENGHASIL BIOGAS
Authors: Takarenguang Efrad J. , Soputan Jeanette E.M. , Rawung Vonny R.W. , Kalele Jerry A.D.
Published: July 2019

UTILIZATION OF BREEDING PIGS WASTE AS BIOGAS. This research has been conducted with the aim to examine the utilization of breeding pigs wastes as biogas. This research uses descriptive analysis which gas volume, temperature and acidity (pH) as the observed variables. Result of 31 days research shown that obtained total biogas volume was 151842 ml. Average temperature of outer digester was 31oC while the average temperature of inner digester was 29oC. The average of acidity (pH) in this research ranged between 6-7. Then the resulting gas passed through twice testing. The first testing shown that the resulting gas has not been able to produce fire yet because biogas is mixed with another types of gases such as CO2 and hydrogen sulfide. The second testing shown that the resulting gas can be lit with a constant and bright blue fire. Then biogas was applied to cook for 34 minutes. The results shown that to boiling 2 liters of water takes 16 minutes and spends 64037 ml of gas. Boiling 2 eggs takes 8 minutes and spends 25747 ml of gas while boiling 2 packages of instant noodles takes 10 minutes and spends 53474 ml of gas. As a conclusion of this research, waste of breeding pigs can produced biogas that can be use to cook and replace the conventional energy sources such as kerosene and firewood. Keywords: breeding pigs, wastes and biogas
PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG MAGGOT BLACK SOLDIER (Hermetia illucens) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMEN BROILER
Authors: Rumondor Gidion , Maaruf K. , Tulung Y. R.L. , Wolayan F. R.
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FISH MEAL WITH MAGGOT MEAL OF  BLACK SOLDIER (Hermetia illucens) IN RATION ON BROILER’S CARCASS AND ABDOMINAL LIPID PERCENTAGE’S. Maggot meal of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) as an alternative feed to substitute fish meal have been used in poultry ration. In recent years, researches have conducted some experiments in substituting fish meal with maggot meal of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) as an alternative feed. A research evaluating the effects of substitution of fish meal with maggot of black soldier on carcass and abdominal lipids of  broiler has been done for six months at Department of Animal Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. Eighty broilers (day of chicks) strain CP 707 were allocated in 20 units of cages. Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications was used. The treatments were R0 = 100% fish meal (0% maggot meal in the ration), R1 = 75% fish meal + 25% maggot meal (3.75% maggot meal in the ration), R2 = 50% fish meal + 50% maggot meal (7.5% maggot meal in the ration), R3 = 25% fish meal + 75% maggot meal (11.25% maggot meal in the ration),and  R4 = 100%  maggot meal (15% maggot meal in the ration). Variables measured were carcass and abdominal lipid percentages. Carcass and abdominal percentage in this experiment were 68.47 – 73.17% and 3.08 – 4.38%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant (P<0,01) effects of treatments on carcass and abdominal lipid percentages. Tukey’s test showed that R4 or 100% substitution of fish meal with maggot meal (15% maggot meal in the ration) was lower compared to R0, R1 and R2,however, there were no significant difference among R0, R1, R2 and R3, while R3 was not significantly different with R4 for carcass percentage. Abdominal lipid percentage of R4 was significantly higher compared to R0, however, there were no significant difference among R1, R2, R3 and R4. Based on carcass and abdominal lipid percentage’s. It can be concluded that fish meal can be substituted by maggot meal up to 75% (11.25% maggot meal in the ration). Keywords: Fish meal, maggot meal,  carcass, abdominal lipid, broiler.
TINGKAH LAKU MAKAN ELANG LAUT PERUT PUTIH (Haliaeetus leucogaster) DI PUSAT PENYELAMATAN SATWA TASIK OKI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Loindong Andrew , Kiroh H. J. , Wahyuni I , Saerang J. L.P.
Published: July 2019

INGESTING BEHAVIOUR OF WHITE BELLIED SEA EAGLE (Haliaeetus leucogaster) IN TASIKOKI CENTRAL WILD ANIMAL RESCUE IN MINAHASA UTARA. This study aimed to describe the ingesting of white bellied sea eagle (Halliaetus leucogaster) in Tasikoki Central Wild Animal Rescue on safeguarding cage as one of the conservation strategy for translocation purpose. The expected benefits was to provide information about ingesting behavior of white bellied sea eagle and the reference knowledge information in the field of wild life conservation measures. This research was conducted using observational methods and instantaneous animal sampling technique of 14 animal samples. Study began at 07.00 am until 17.00 pm. The variables observed is observing prey, catching prey and ingesting prey of white bellied sea eagle as the variables of this study. The observing result is showed that white bellied sea eagle was ingesting fish and other eagle (cannibal animal). The ingesting behavior was affected by the kind of prey, which one of the favorite prey of white bellied sea eagle. The other eagle and the agonistic behavior mostly happened when they prey the other eagle. White bellied sea eagle observed the prey and other thing around the cage with the percentage of 3%. White bellied sea eagle only catches fish with a percentage of 1%. White bellied sea eagle was ingesting prey with a percentage of 96%. The animal was very sensitive in ingesting fish more than ingesting other eagle. Keywords : White bellied sea eagle (Halliaetus leucogaster), Ingesting Behavior, Tasikoki Central Wild Animal Rescue Tasikoki.
PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN SEBAGIAN JAGUNG DENGAN TEPUNG KULIT PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMAN BROILER
Authors: Djapili David , Wolayan Fenny , Untu Ivonne , Liwe Hengki
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF YELLOW CORN WITH BANANA (Musa paradisiaca) PEELS IN THE DIETS ON BROILER PEERFORMANCE. A study has been conducted to determine the effect of substitution of yellow corn with banana (Musa paradisiaca) peels in the diets on broiler performance. The present study used 60 broiler chicks and reared for 5 weeks. A Completely Randomized Design was used as an experimental design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0: diet without substitution of banana peels or 0% in the diet; R1: diet with the substitution of 7,5% or 4,28% in the diet; R2: diet with the substitution of 15,0% or 8,55% in the diet; and R3: diet with the substitution of 22,5% or 12,83% in the diet. Variables measured were: daily feed consumption, daily gain, and feed conversion. Research results showed that daily feed consumption, daily gain, and feed conversionratio were all significantly (P < 0,05) affected by treatments. Daily feed consumption at R3 significantly (P < 0,05) lower compared with R0 and R1 treatments, but no differences (P > 0,05) were observed  between R2 and R3. No significant (P > 0,05) was observed between R0 and R1, but there was a significant difference (P < 0,05) between R2 and R3 and between R1 and R2. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0,05) lower for R0 compared with R1, R2 and R3, but no differences (P > 0,05) were observed among R0, R1, and R2 treatments. It can be concluded that banana (Musaparadisiaca) peels meal can be used up to 15% replacing yellow corn or 8,55% in broiler diet. Key words: Broiler chicks, Banana    (Musaparadisiaca) peels,        Daily feed consumption,         Daily gain, feed conversion            ratio.
ANALISIS RENTABILITAS USAHA TERNAK ITIK PETELUR DI DESA WOLAANG KECAMATAN LANGOWAN TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Endoh Bella G. , Makalew A , Manese M A.V , Lumi T F.D
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT RENTABILITY ANALYSIS OF LAYING DUCK FARM AT   THE WOLAANG VILLAGE LANGOWAN TIMUR DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. Study was conducted at Wolaang village, East Lagowan district of Minahasa regency on August 8 to September 5, 2015. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rentability laying duck farm  at the Wolaang village. Survey method was applied in this study. Wolaang village was defined as study location and chosen the purposive sampling based on consideration of the highest duck population (5924 heads), widest wet rise areas of 161.35 ha, and more than 20 animal farmers. Data of primary and secondary bases were used in this study. Rentability  analysis model was applied using formula, R= L/M x 100%. Results showed that animal farmer education was 60 percents passed the elementary school, 25 percents passed junior high school and 15 percents passed senior high school. The period of raising animals of the 1- to 10-year experience was 25 percents, the period of the 11- to 20 year experience was 20 percents, that of the 21- to 30 year experience was 25 percents, that of the 31- to 40-year experience was 15 percents, that of the 41- to 50-year experience was 10 percents, and that of more than 50-year experience was 5 percents. The rentability analysis found the value of 69 percents indicating that the use of infestation financial capital of IDR 100,000.- was able to gain the benefit of the IDR 60,000.-. The reach of the values of R was more than the deposit rent of the BRI bank of 6.5 percents. Therefore, it can be concluded that farm rentability of laying duck was more than the BRI bank deposit rent.   Key word: Laying duck, rentability.
DINAMIKA KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK SAPI LM3 DI DESA PINAPALANGKOW KECAMATAN SULUUN TARERAN
Authors: Runtunuwu Omega , Sondakh B F.J , Rorimpandey B , Oroh F. N.S
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT BEEF CATTLE FARMER GROUP DYNAMICS LM3 DISTRICT IN THE VILLAGE PINAPALANGKOW SULUUN TARERAN. The role of the community is  very large in livestock development, thereby fostering community institutions farmers through farmer groups need to be improved. State farmer group members can affect group dynamics through indicators dynamics. The formation of farmer group dynamics is expected to improve income and the welfare of each member of the farmer group. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the relationship with the farmer group operating revenues cattle farmer groups LM3 Model Anugerah in the village of Pinapalangkow in Sub District of Suluun Tareran. The study used a survey method, with sampling method is total sampling. Person correlation analysis results obtainedrcount of 0.67  of 0.67 which shows there is a relationship between the dynamics and the income of the group members rcount value shows the relationship between the dynamics and the income of the group is a positive relationship, which means that the higher the income the higher the lead group dynamics. The test results showed a statistically significant effect on the dynamics of income groups at the 95% confidence level . Keywords: Dynamics, Farmer Group,Income, Cattle