bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximos Homologetes († 662): Martyrium, Märtyrerbewusstsein, „Martyriumssucht“?
Authors: Ohme Heinz
Published: August 2016

As soon as Maximos Confessor had died on August 13th 662 due to the effects of dismemberment—his punishment, following a charge of high treason against him and his students—he was seen and revered as a martyr and saint by his followers. During their seven-year banishment, after the first trial in the year 655, those punished interpreted their deliberately accepted punishment as martyrdom, which they documented in literary works, which were later called lawsuit protocols. They modeled the texts upon early Christian martyr trials, and used many elements of the theology of martyrdom for self-identification. By doing so, the group of Palestinian monks that followed Maximos tried to defend themselves against the charges brought against them, arguing that their ecclesiastical, political, and theological enemies were like the persecutors. Because the motives of the punished are very clear, unlike those of the early Christian martyrs, it remains to be seen, whether or not the death of Maximos Confessor really is a martyrdom, especially considering the political and ecclesiastical intrigues as well as the provocative theological stubbornness of Maximos himself.
Anfänge der julianistischen Hierarchien
Authors: Wierzejski Dawid
Published: August 2016

The article sheds light on the expansion and development of the Julianist confession as a branch of the miaphysite creed opposed to Severian Miaphysistism in Syrian, Armenian and South Arabian regions starting with the sixth century. It focuses on the legitimacy of episcopal elections and consecrations. The consecration of Julianist bishops was often disputed and the Julianists tried different methods of creating legitimacy for their episcopal consecrations. One way was to circumvent the ecclesiastical canons and thus create new rules. Another way was to adhere strictly to the canons and search for patrons with undisputed legitimacy. In the Syriac-speaking East the Julianist movement, dominated by monastic circles, soon abandoned the canons and created new rules, while in the borderlands between Armenia and Syria the Julianists found support from the Armenian Church until 726 C. E. The article also follows the historical traces of Julianism in South Arabia and Iraq.
Acute Responses to Resistance and High-Intensity Interval Training in Early Adolescents
Authors: Harris Nigel K. , Dulson Deborah K. , Logan Greig R.M. , Warbrick Isaac B. , Merien Fabrice L.R. , Lubans David R.
Published: August 2016

Harris, NK, Dulson, DK, Logan, GRM, Warbrick, IB, Merien, FLR, and Lubans, DR. Acute responses to resistance and high-intensity interval training in early adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1177–1186, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare the acute physiological responses within and between resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) matched for time and with comparable effort, in a school setting. Seventeen early adolescents (12.9 ± 0.3 years) performed both RT (2–5 repetitions perceived short of failure at the end of each set) and HIIT (90% of age-predicted maximum heart rate), equated for total work set and recovery period durations comprising of 12 “sets” of 30-second work followed by 30-second recovery (total session time 12 minutes). Variables of interest included oxygen consumption, set and session heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion, and change in salivary cortisol (SC), salivary alpha amylase, and blood lactate (BL) from presession to postsession. Analyses were conducted to determine responses within and between the 2 different protocols. For both RT and HIIT, there were very large increases pretrial to posttrial for SC and BL, and only BL increased greater in HIIT (9.1 ± 2.6 mmol·L−1) than RT (6.8 ± 3.3 mmol·L−1). Mean set HR for both RT (170 ± 9.1 b·min−1) and HIIT (179 ± 5.6 b·min−1) was at least 85% of HRmax. V̇o
2 over all 12 sets was greater for HIIT (33.8 ± 5.21 ml·kg−1·min−1) than RT (24.9 ± 3.23 ml·kg−1·min−1). Brief, repetitive, intermittent forays into high but not supramaximal intensity exercise using RT or HIIT seemed to be a potent physiological stimulus in adolescents.
Salivary Lymphocyte Responses Following Acute Anaerobic Exercise in a Cool Environment
Authors: Carlson Lara A. , Lawrence Michael A. , LeCavalier Kaylee , Koch Alexander J.
Published: August 2016

Carlson, LA, Lawrence, MA, LeCavalier, K, and Koch, AJ. Salivary lymphocyte responses following acute anaerobic exercise in a cool environment. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1236–1240, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of anaerobic training on salivary lymphocytes (s-LYMPH), and further determine whether these responses differ between cool vs. thermoneutral environments. Nine lightly clothed (∼0.3 clo) volunteers (7/2 women/men: age, 21 ± 1 years; height, 168.7 ± 7.3 cm; weight, 66.4 ± 8.4 kg; body fat, 20.6 ± 7.6%) completed speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) sessions in both warm (18.9° C; Biddeford) and cool (10.4° C; Thorsmörk) temperatures. The SAQ sessions consisted of 3 trials of 20-m sprints, 40-m sprints, t-tests, and box drills, and two 300-yd shuttle runs in both conditions. Saliva samples via passive drool were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, and after 2 hours of recovery. The s-LYMPH increased (p < 0.001) immediately postexercise, followed by a decrease (p < 0.001) below baseline values after 2 hours of recovery in both environments. The s-LYMPH counts were lower (p < 0.001) for the cool environment than for the thermoneutral environment. The s-LYMPH counts increased postexercise, followed by a decrease after 2 hours of recovery regardless of environment. Acute anaerobic exercise induced transient changes in s-LYMPH counts similar to that observed in peripheral blood. Compared with baseline measures, changes in s-LYMPH were of a smaller magnitude after exercise in the cool environment compared with thermoneutral environment. In summary, there is no indication that exercise in the cool environment presented a greater challenge to the subjects' immunity. Rather, these data indicate exercise in a cool environment produces smaller fluctuations in salivary immune cells compared with resting levels.
Impact of sleep behavior on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: the role of social jetlag
Authors: Larcher Sandra , Gauchez Anne-Sophie , Lablanche Sandrine , Pépin Jean-Louis , Benhamou Pierre-Yves , Borel Anne-Laure
Published: August 2016

Background

Sleep behavior is changing toward shorter sleep duration and a later chronotype. It results in a sleep debt that is acquitted on work-free days, inducing a small but recurrent sleep misalignment each week, referred to as “social jetlag”. These sleep habits could affect health through misalignment with circadian rhythms.

Objectives

The primary objective is to address the impact of sleep behavior on glycemic control, assessed by HbA1c, in patients with type 1 diabetes, independently of other lifestyle or sleep-related factors. The secondary objective is to address whether circadian phase affects glycemic control.

Design

In total, 80 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (46% female) were included in a clinical cohort study.

Methods

Sleep behavior was addressed objectively by a 7-day actimetry, lifestyle by questionnaires, sleep breathing disorders by nocturnal oximetry and circadian phase by dim light melatonin onset (DLMO).

Results

Univariate analyses showed that chronotype (r = 0.23,P = 0.042) and social jetlag (r = 0.30,P = 0.008) were significantly associated with HbA1c. In multivariable analysis, social jetlag was the only sleep habit independently associated with HbA1c (β = 0.012 (0.006; 0.017),P < 0.001). HbA1c was lower in patients with a social jetlag below versus above the median (7.7% (7.1–8.7) and 8.7% (7.6–9.8),P = 0.011). DLMO was not associated with HbA1c. However, the later the DLMO, the worse the sleep efficiency (r = −0.41,P < 0.001) and fragmentation index (r = 0.35,P = 0.005).

Conclusions

Social jetlag, a small but recurrent circadian misalignment, is associated with worse glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, whereas circadian phase is not. Further intervention studies should address the potential improvement of glycemic control by correcting social jetlag.
Morphological and histochemical characterization of the digestive tract of the puffer fish Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae)
Authors: FAGUNDES KAINÃ R.C. , ROTUNDO MATHEUS M. , MARI RENATA B.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Sphoeroides testudineus showed an esophagus with an anterior and a posterior portion, the abdominal pouch. No stomach was observed between the abdominal pouch and the intestine. The intestine was arranged in three segments and two loops, and the distal portion had the rectum opening into the anus. Histochemical analyses showed that the esophagus secreted acid mucosecretions, and that there was a qualitative increase in goblet cells from the proximal to distal area of the intestine. The rectum showed cells secreting acid and neutral mucus. Given these features, this species presents a morphology which creates a link between its ecology and behavior.
Lipolytic response of adipose tissue and metabolic adaptations to long periods of fasting in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp., Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Authors: DIAS JUNIOR WALTER , BAVIERA AMANDA M. , ZANON NEUSA M. , GALBAN VICTOR D. , GARÓFALO MARIA ANTONIETA R. , MACHADO CELIO R. , BAILÃO ELISA F.L.C. , KETTELHUT ISIS C.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Adaptive changes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism induced by 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 200 days of fasting were investigated in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Plasma glucose, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) levels, liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid contents and rates of FFA release from mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were measured. Plasma glucose levels showed significant differences only after 90 days of fasting, when glycemia was 34% lower (50±5mg.dL-1) than fed fish values (74±1mg.dL-1), remaining relatively constant until 200 days of fasting. The content of liver glycogen ("15%) in fed tilapia fell 40% in 7 days of food deprivation. In 60, 90 and 150 days of fasting, plasma FFA levels increased 49%, 64% and 90%, respectively, compared to fed fish values. In agreement with the increase in plasma FFA, fasting induced a clear increase in lipolytic activity of MAT incubated in vitro. Addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and isoproterenol (non selective beta adrenergic agonist) to the incubation medium induced a reduction of lipolysis in fasted fish, differently to what was observed in mammal adipose tissue. This study allowed a physiological assessment of red tilapia response to starvation.
Bioprospecting of lipolytic microorganisms obtained from industrial effluents
Authors: PEIL GREICE H.S. , KUSS ANELISE V. , RAVE ANDRÉS F.G. , VILLARREAL JOSÉ P.V. , HERNANDES YOHANA M.L. , NASCENTE PATRÍCIA S.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The lipases have ability to catalyze diverse reactions and are important in different biotechnological applications. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize microorganisms that produce lipases, from different food industry effluents localized in Pelotas, RS/Brazil. Bacteria were identified using Gram stain and biochemical tests (Vitek 2(r)). Fungi were identified according to macro and micromorphology characteristics. The extracellular lipase production was evaluated using the Rhodamine B test and the enzymatic activity by titration. Twenty-one bacteria were isolated and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Raoultella planticola. Were characterized isolated filamentous fungi by the following genera: Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. Extracellular lipase production was observed in 71.43% of the bacteria and 57.14% of the fungi. The bacterium that presented better promising enzymatic activity was E. aerogenes (1.54 U/ml) however between fungi there was not significant difference between the four isolates. This study indicated that microorganisms lipase producers are present in the industrial effluents, as well as these enzymes have potential of biodegradation of lipid compounds.
Phaeosphaeria deschampsii (Ascomycota): A new parasite species of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) described to Antarctica
Authors: PUTZKE JAIR , PEREIRA ANTONIO B.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT This study presents the description of Phaeosphaeria deschampsii, which was found in plant communities from Half Moon Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica, in February 2014. Many patches of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae), the only indigenous Poaceae specie in Antarctic, were found dead, parasitized by a fungi pathogen. Based on the shape of its perithecia, with oblique neck, erumpent in the grass tissues, ascospore form and septation, the specie was identified as new to science.
Selection of mango rosa genotypes in a breeding population using the multivariate-biplot method
Authors: Maia Maria Clideana Cabral , Araújo Lúcio Borges de , Dias Carlos Tadeu dos Santos , Oliveira Luís Cláudio de , Vasconcelos Lúcio Flavo Lopes , Carvalho Júnior José Eduardo Vasconcelos de , Simeão Marcelo , Bastos Yuri Gagarin Muniz
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) trees stand out among the main fruit trees cultivated in Brazil. The mango rosa fruit is a very popular local variety (landrace), especially because of their superior technological characteristics such as high contents of Vitamin C and soluble solids (SS), as well as attractive taste and color. The objective of this study was to select a breeding population of mango rosa (polyclonal variety; ≥5 individuals) that can simultaneously meet the fresh and processed fruit markets, using the multivariate method of principal components and the biplot graphic. The principal components, biplot graphic, and phenotype correlations were obtained using the R (2012) software. Pulp percentage and the pulp, skin, and seed mass variables can be indirectly selected using the smallest fruit diameter, which allowed an easier measurement. The P23R AREA3, P30R AREA3, and P32R AREA3 genotypes are selection candidates due to the presence of alleles, which are important agro-technological traits for mango breeding. This study showed that the biplot analysis is a valuable tool for decision making and visualization of interrelationships between variables and genotypes, facilitating the mango selection process.
Metabolizable energy levels for meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age
Authors: Muniz Jorge Cunha Lima , Barreto Sérgio Luiz de Toledo , Mencalha Raquel , Viana Gabriel da Silva , Reis Renata de Souza , Ribeiro Cleverson Luís Nascimento , Hannas Melissa Izabel , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietetic metabolizable energy levels on performance and carcass traits of meat quails from 15 to 35 days old. Five hundred sixty, 15-d old, meat quails were randomly assigned to five treatments (2.850; 2.950; 3.050; 3.150 e 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 of diet), with eight replicates and fourteen birds per experimental unit. Feed intake, protein and lysine intake and feed conversion decreased linearly as the metabolizable energy content of diets increased (P<0.01), whereas metabolizable energy intake, body weight, weight gain and viability were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. Diets did not influence (P>0.05) carcass traits as dry matter, moisture and protein content in carcass. However a quadratic effect (P<0.04) were observed on carcass fat content. Based on these results, the adequate metabolizable energy level to ensure better meat quails' growth is 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 diet, that corresponds to a metabolizable energy: crude protein ratio of 139,24.
Yield efficiency for nine apple cultivars grafted on two rootstocks
Authors: Fioravanço João Caetano , Czermainski Ana Beatriz Costa , Oliveira Paulo Ricardo Dias de
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Currently, using smaller trees is one of the most important trends in apple cultivation. It is expected that reduced size plants produce lower amount of fruit, but with high yield and yield efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield efficiency (YE) of nine apple tree cultivars, grafted on two rootstocks, from the second to the seventh year after planting. The YE indexes oscillated from one to the other year, regardless of rootstock. Correlations between YE and yield per tree and between YE and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) confirmed that efficiency can be increased by the production increment or by the plant's vigor reduction. The usefulness of cumulative YE (ƩYE) is highlighted to compare apple tree cultivars after the third year of production. The highest ƩYE indexes were observed for 'Royal Gala' and 'Baigent', on M-9 rootstock, and for 'Gala Real' and 'Maxi-Gala', on Marubakaido/M-9 rootstock.
Performance of broiler chickens at pre starter and starter phases using diets with different metabolizable energy values of ingredients, at different ages
Authors: Schneiders José Luiz , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Savoldi Thaís Lorana , Borsatti Liliane , Schöne Rodrigo André , Frank Rafael , Bayerle Douglas Fernando , Silva Idiana Mara da
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of broilers in 1-7 and 8-21 days of age, using metabolizable energy values of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil previously determined for each phase in another metabolism trial. Two trails were conducted, divided into phases according to ages: pre-starter (1-7 days) and starter (8-21 days). At each trial were used 924 broiler chicken randomly distributed into 42 experimental units in a completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of five diets using the values of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil determined in different metabolism trials, and one diet with the metabolizable energy values of these same ingredients, published on the literature. At the end of each stage, the animals and feed leftover were weighted to determine feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Diets with higher soybean oil inclusion, showed superior performance at different stages. At pre-starter only feed conversion ratio was significant (P<0.05). In the initial phase, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for feed conversion ratio, daily and average weight gain.
Starch, growth, and development in cuttings of rootstock 'Paulsen 1103' from plants infested with ground pearl
Authors: Zart Marcelo , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de , Souza Daniel Antunes , Denardi Diana
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: The ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis , is considered an important pest of vineyards in southern Brazil, with affected plants exhibiting leaf chlorosis, reduction in vigor, fading, and death. This study evaluated the quality of hardwood cuttings produced from plants infected (I) and not infected (NI) by ground pearl. 'Paulsen 1103' ( Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris ) plants were grown for 29 months in brick-built raised beds either infested or not infested by ground pearl; then, 12 one-year-old branches with a maximum of 12 buds each were cut from each plant, subdivided into three portions (4 buds cutting-1), and subjected to destructive and nondestructive testing. DDestructive testing comprised determining fresh and dry weight, length, internode diameters, and percentage of starch. Nondestructive testing comprised assessing the potential for bud sprouting and shoot development. Each mother plant in the I and NI beds was considered a replicate, with a total of 360 cuttings per treatment. It was observed that cuttings from infected plants had significantly lower (P<0.05) internode diameter, length, and fresh and dry weight than those of the uninfected plants. The percentage of starch content of the cuttings did not differ significantly. All cuttings showed the same percentage (100%) of bud breaking and no changes in growth and development of seedlings regardless of source. Given these results, it was concluded that vines of 'Paulsen 1103' infested with ground pearl produce smaller cuttings than those of uninfected plants but with no reduction in bud break percentage or seedling development
Influence of osmotic dehydration on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, color and texture of fruits and vegetables: a review
Authors: Landim Ana Paula Miguel , Barbosa Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho , Júnior José Lucena Barbosa
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a conservation technique applied to foodstuffs, which promotes partial reduction of water, extends their shelf life and reduces both post-harvest losses and changes in product characteristics. Currently, it has been given emphasis on trying to understand how the process affects the quality of processed vegetables, because process variables can interfere in their antioxidant capacity, color and texture. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity can be affected by chemical changes, leaching losses, reduced moisture and solid gain as well as the present bioactive in the profile of the performed analysis method. In color, the overall changes are caused by temperature increase, which can cause enzymatic and/or non-enzymatic browning, decomposition or entrainment of pigments present in the tissue. Conversely, the osmotic agent has a greater impact on texture, which causes changes in the sensory attributes such as gumminess, even crispness and flavor of the product. Although there is a large number of studies on the OD, the current scenario in terms of effect on the quality of osmodehydrated products are still incipient, especially in relation to antioxidant capacity. Despite the fact that there is a large number of studies on the OD, current efforts are focused on understanding the process effect on the product quality, notably in relation to antioxidant capacity. Thus, further studies on the internal changes in osmodehydrated foods are needed, since there is a variation of process factors, which may have an impact on the different tissues of the fruit and vegetable crops submitted to OD.
Exposure to ochratoxin A through consumption of grape juices produced by steam distillation method and intended for school meals
Authors: Dachery Bruna , Manfroi Vitor , Welke Juliane Elisa
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: The grape juice was included in meals of public schools in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil. The juices intended for schools have been produced by small wineries through the steam distillation method. This method presents a particularity in relation to other juice production methods, since the grapes are not macerated to extract the juice. In literature is well established that maceration of grapes is the main critical point associated with the ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in juices. OTA is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and immunosuppressives effects. The aim of this study was to verify the OTA occurrence in juices produced by steam distillation method, as grape juice may be a source of OTA exposure for children. No sample showed OTA levels higher than the detection limit (0.05μg L-1) of method used to determine this toxin. This study demonstrated the adequate quality of juice produced by this extraction method. Furthermore, data about OTA occurrence are important to support risk assessment studies related to the exposure to toxic compounds through diet.
Ultrasound characterization of the coelomic cavity organs of the red-footed tortoise ( Chelonoidis carbonaria )
Authors: Meireles Yara Silva , Shinike Flávia Serra , Matte Douglas Rodrigo , Morgado Thaís Oliveira , Kempe Guilherme Vincoletto , Corrêa Sandra Helena Ramiro , Souza Roberto Lopes de , Néspoli Pedro Brandini
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Herein it was describe sonographic morphology and sintopy of the bowels of the coelomic cavity in the red-footed tortoise. Coelomic cavity of 19 males and 19 females were scanned through cervical and prefemoral access with a multifrequency sector transducer. Morphology, syntopy and echogenicity of the heart, thyroid, liver, gallbladder, reproductive organs, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder and kidneys were evaluated. The heart showed two atria and one ventricle with a thick, trabecular wall. The thyroid was oval and hyperecoic, visualized in the cardiac portion of the ultrasound. The liver, gallbladder and digestive system were similar to those seen in mammals and turtles. However, the tortoise liver was relatively more hyperechoic than mammals. The kidneys appeared as triangular structures, which were hypoechoic, homogeneous and vascularized; the bladder was observed mostly as being elongated with anechoic content, and its wall appeared as a thin hyperechoic line when free fluid was present. The testes were observed to be elongated, homogeneous and more hyperechoic than kidneys. The ovarian follicles were seen as hyperechoic, echogenic balls of variable size and quantity, the oviduct as a sigmoid tubular structure and the eggs as thin hyperechoic lines with posterior acoustic shadowing. In some animals, there were variable amounts of fluid around the heart and in the coelomic cavity.
Bioethanol production from coconut husk fiber
Authors: Cabral Mirelle Márcio Santos , Abud Ana Karla de Souza , Silva Carlos Eduardo de Farias , Almeida Renata Maria Rosas Garcia
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Population growth and the increasing search for healthy foods have led to a major consumption of coconut water and, hence, to an environmental impact caused by the inappropriate disposal of green coconut husks. This lignocellulosic biomass has deserved attention of researchers concerning the seeking of new usages, as, for example, in renewable fuels production technologies. This study examines the potential of green coconut husk fibers as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The coconut fibers were pretreated through an alkaline method, hydrolyzed enzymatically and submitted to ethanol fermentation with commercial yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite the significant loss of cellulose (4.42% in relation to the fiber and 17.9% concerning the original cellulose content), the alkaline pretreatment promoted an efficient solubilization of lignin (80%), turning the coconut fibers into a feasible raw material for 2G ethanol production studies. Enzymatic hydrolysis converted 87% of the sugars and the ethanolic fermentation consumed 81% of the substrate in the hydrolyzate, leading to a sugar to ethanol convertion efficiency of 59.6%. These results points out that green coconut husks are a promising alternative to the production of renewable energy.
Hydrogen sulfide alleviates chlorobenzene toxicity in soybean seedlings
Authors: Chen Jin Feng , Jiao Chan
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: As a gas signaling molecule, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in the plant stress response. However, the role of H2S in the response to organic pollutants specifically has not been studied. Here, the effects of H2S addition on soybean (Glycine max) seedlings tolerance of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) were investigated. Under 1,4-DCB stress, the growth of soybean seedlings roots and stems was inhibited, while L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD/DCD) activity was induced and endogenous H2S increased. When applied jointly with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor, root growth inhibition was effectively alleviated. Pre-treatment of seedlings with 0.4mmol L-1 NaHS reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactived oxygen species (ROS) content, mitigating root cell toxicity significantly. Further experiments confirmed that NaHS enhanced soybean seedlings peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities. In contrast, these effects were reversed by hypotaurine (HT), a H2S scavenger. Therefore, H2S alleviated 1,4-DCB toxicity in soybean seedlings by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity to reduce cell oxidative damage.
THE BIRTH OF NURSING AT THE INCEPTION OF THE FRANCOISM IN SPAIN (1939-1942)
Authors: Muñoz María del Carmen Giménez
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT This study is aimed at analyzing the creation of the Nursing science in the early days of the Franco regime in Spain (1939-1942). This was a qualitative and historical study, that used as documentary sources, printed newspapers in different regions of Spain. Results. The importance of the work of nursing during the state of need, hunger, misery, for the post-war Spanish population was identified. Nurses with this attitude and commitment to one another, facilitated the administration of food for the needy, stocked up on clothes for those who were suffering from cold, and taught hygiene principles to mothers in order to reduce the high mortality rate of children and youth who was suffering due to the performance of social assistance. Therefore, in the face of adversity, nurses attended and cared for the children, sick, elderly and the poor. It is concluded that the humanitarian work of nurses became an element of repression, distributing benefits in exchange for an ideological model
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
Authors: Rodrigues Vanda Palmarella , Rodrigues Adriana Diniz , Lira Margaret Olinda de Souza Carvalho e , Couto Telmara Menezes , Diniz Normélia Maria Freire
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at analysing social representation of family relationships in the context of gender-based violence. This qualitative research was based on the Theory of Social Representations and it was conducted with 19 family members of women in the situation of gender-based violence, registered in Family Health Strategy units of Jequié, Bahia. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview between April and September 2014 and data organization was done according to the content analysis technique. The family members' social representations showed gender-based violence as a crime and the need towards actions to minimize its occurrence. They also indicated that gender-based violence results in illness of family members and as it is restricted to the private area of the house, it contributes towards its silence. Proper training of health, education and welfare services of the anti-violence network is urgent, observing public policies dealing with gender-based violence.
NURSES' COMMITMENT TO THE CARE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Cavalcante Elisângela Franco de Oliveira , Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this qualitative study that followed the principles of the Grounded Theory was to understand the commitment of nurses in the care provided in primary health care to people with tuberculosis. The setting consisted of eight primary health care units. A theoretical sample was designed with 28 participants, including nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, technical staff, epidemiological surveillance professionals and people with tuberculosis. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti(r) software, by means of open, axial and selective coding. The singularities of care demanded commitment from the nurses towards tuberculosis patients, and included three components: the ethical-professional, the institutional-political and the social. This commitment was considered to be the driving force of a service that strives to guarantee quality care and access to tuberculosis patients, so that the disease is treated and patients can recover, have a healthy life and attend their social roles satisfactorily.
FIRST-CONTACT ACCESSIBILITY ATTRIBUTE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES AND CARE PRACTICES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACADEMIC EDUCATION FOR NURSES
Authors: Alberti Gabriela Fávero , Schimith Maria Denise , Budó Maria de Lourdes Denardin , Neves Gabriela Leal , Rosso Laís Fuzer
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Case study that aimed to identify the care practices of nurses from a Family Health Unit related to the first-contact accessibility attribute and the contributions to academic nursing education. The data is an excerpt from a database, collected from February to July 2012. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses, participant observation of the care practices took place and a document search was undertaken, analyzed according to the operation proposal. The first contact can be initiated by the demand of the user himself or staff meetings based on the cases shared by the community health agents. The nurses' behavior restricts user access and excludes the possibility of welcoming. Academic training should insert and integrate the students into different scenarios and knowledge; foster human understanding based on the opening to new sensibilities and unpredictability, besides instigating the authentic participation of the student in his learning process.
Análisis cualitativo de tópicos vinculados a la calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad
Authors: Cilleros María Victoria Martín , Gómez Maria Cruz Sánchez
Published: August 2016

Resumen La calidad de vida es un concepto que refleja la percepción subjetiva de la persona en relación al grado de satisfacción con sus condiciones de vida. Es un concepto que implica poner en primer plano a la persona, hablar sobre la calidad de los profesionales implicados e influye en el desarrollo de programas y la provisión de los servicios. El artículo refleja la opinión que tienen diferentes agentes relacionados con la discapacidad sobre determinados tópicos vinculados al modelo de calidad de vida como son: relación entre diferentes agentes, la formación necesaria en los profesionales del ámbito de la salud y/o de la discapacidad y el paso de la presencia a la participación en la sociedad de las personas con discapacidad. A través de una metodológica cualitativa, se analizan las argumentaciones de los participantes en estos tres temas. La nube de palabras, el mapa conceptual y el análisis de contenido, realizado tras la codificación de la información, permitieron conocer las necesidades percibidas y la satisfacción con la atención de los diferentes servicios. Se propone el perfil del profesional idóneo en el ámbito de la discapacidad. En las conclusiones obtenidas se recogen propuestas de futuro, facilitadoras de la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad.
Inovação em ouvidorias do SUS – reflexões e potencialidades
Authors: Fernandes Fernando Manuel Bessa , Moreira Marcelo Rasga , Ribeiro José Mendes , Ouverney Assis Mafort , Oliveira Flávio José Fonseca de , Moro Maria Francisca Abritta
Published: August 2016

Resumo O artigo pretende refletir sobre as potencialidades de práticas inovadoras na concepção e no trabalho das instâncias que compõem o Sistema Nacional de Ouvidorias do Sistema Único de Saúde. Divide-se em duas partes, buscando responder à seguinte questão: Como se pensar e concretizar práticas inovadoras – e mais, que contenham sustentabilidade na sua renovação – quando demandas urgentes da população estão sendo por ela vocalizadas e ouvidas pelo Poder Público, urgências estas ainda mais dramáticas quando situadas na área da Saúde e que devem ser prontamente respondidas, atendidas e solucionadas? Em sua primeira parte, o artigo discorre sobre o polissêmico conceito de inovação, focalizando sua aplicação no campo da administração pública em suas três esferas, e assinala-se a importância de sua estreita correlação com as noções distintas de informação e conhecimento numa sociedade como a que vivemos. Na segunda, desenvolve uma ideia-força de Ouvidoria e, apoiada nesta, uma proposta de conceito operacional de inovação em ouvidoria, considerando o contexto de mudança e transformações em alta velocidade e a complexidade característica da vida contemporânea e as necessidades de manejo de recursos e de desenvolvimento de expertise na gestão da informação.
Conhecimento de enfermeiras e estratégias de incentivo da participação familiar na amamentação
Authors: Dias Rafaella Brandão , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves
Published: August 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o conhecimento de enfermeiras sobre as vantagens da amamentação para a família e descrever a forma de inserção desta nas ações de saúde relacionadas à amamentação. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo, desenvolvido com oito enfermeiras do município de Itapetinga-Bahia, no primeiro semestre de 2014. Utilizou-se como técnica a entrevista semiestruturada e, para tratamento dos dados, a Técnica da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Verificou-se que o conhecimento das enfermeiras sobre as vantagens da amamentação para a família corresponde aos divulgados pelo Ministério da Saúde e com os encontrados na literatura, como prevenção e promoção da saúde materno-infantil, aumento dos laços afetivos, economia e praticidade. Destaca-se que não houve menção sobre a vantagem do aleitamento como método natural de planejamento familiar. Sobre a inserção familiar na amamentação, verificou-se que as enfermeiras utilizam como estratégia as ações de educação em saúde e a visita puerperal e domiciliar, ressaltando as tentativas e as dificuldades de alcance familiar. Os profissionais de saúde devem encorajar essa participação, na tentativa de atuar em conjunto com familiares para que os mesmos se sintam participantes ativos e reconheçam a sua importância nesse processo.
Independent Life Skills among psychosocial care network users of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Cândida Garcia Sinott Silveira , Jardim Vanda Maria da Rosa , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Coimbra Valeria Cristina Christello , Treichel Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Francchini Beatriz , Bretanha Andreia Ferreira , Neutzling Aline dos Santos
Published: August 2016

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study that aims to identify the prevalence of lower independent living skills and their associations in 390 users of psychiatric community-based services in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For tracing the outcome it was used the “scale Independent Living Skills Survey”, adopting a cut-off value lower than 2. The crude and adjusted analyses were conducted on binary logistic regressions and they considered a hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. In adjusted analysis the level of the same variables were adjusted to each other and to previous levels. The statistical significance remained as a < 0.05 p-value. The prevalence of smaller independent living skills was 33% and their associations were: younger age; no partner; lower education; resident at SRT; diagnosis of schizophrenia and younger diagnosis.
Dificuldades vividas por pessoas trans no acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Rocon Pablo Cardozo , Rodrigues Alexsandro , Zamboni Jésio , Pedrini Mateus Dias
Published: August 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se discutir as dificuldades de pessoas trans moradoras da região metropolitana da Grande Vitória/ES em acessarem os serviços de saúde no SUS. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 pessoas trans. Os resultados apontaram o desrespeito ao nome social, a discriminação e o diagnóstico no processo transexualizador como principais limitações no acesso ao sistema de saúde. Afirma-se que o diagnóstico contribui para ocultar a responsabilidade da heteronormatividade e do binarismo de gênero pela marginalização social das pessoas trans. Conclui-se que é necessário modificar o diagnóstico em sua função, já que a existência de uma patologia prévia não é requisito para acessar o SUS. Aponta-se, também, a importância de elaborar programas de educação e campanhas permanentes sobre o direito de acesso ao sistema de saúde livre de discriminação e com uso do nome social.
Itinerários terapêuticos de sujeitos com sintomas anoréxicos e bulímicos
Authors: Carvalho Maria Bernadete de , Val Alexandre Costa , Ribeiro Maria Mônica Freitas , Santos Lúcia Grossi dos
Published: August 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e contextualizar as características dos itinerários terapêuticos de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório universitário, especializado nas anorexias e bulimias nervosas. Para isso, buscou-se reconstituir, junto a 20 entrevistados, a sucessão de movimentos desencadeados neles e em seus próximos pela classificação das práticas anoréxicas e bulímicas como “problemas de saúde”. As narrativas foram analisadas de forma a vincular as experiências individuais e o contexto social de sua ocorrência (organização dos serviços de saúde, características da prática e do saber médico, características da subjetividade contemporânea), tendo como referencial teórico estudos da Saúde Coletiva e da Psicanálise. A análise dos dados revelou que esses itinerários são tecidos a partir de conexões e desconexões entre duas lógicas distintas: uma que organiza a conduta dos pacientes e outra que rege as condutas das instituições de saúde e das famílias. Se essas últimas pressupõem uma busca pela saúde, isso não é o que ocupa prioritariamente os sujeitos em questão. A recusa destes em moderar suas restrições alimentares marca os itinerários e indica a funcionalidade dessas práticas. Elas participam de um trabalho de recomposição da imagem do eu.
Possibilidades de inserção do acompanhante no parto nas instituições públicas
Authors: Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Ebsen Erika Simas , Ebele Romana Raquel , Batista Bruna Daniela
Published: August 2016

Resumo Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva, realizada de setembro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012, com objetivo de desvelar as possibilidades de inserção do acompanhante no parto em instituições que restringem sua presença. Entrevistou-se 12 enfermeiros responsáveis pelo centro obstétrico e cinco diretores técnicos de instituições de saúde de Santa Catarina que não permitiam ou permitiam às vezes a presença do acompanhante. Os dados foram avaliados pela Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, com auxílio do programa ATLAS.ti. As possibilidades de inserção do acompanhante estão expressas em três categorias: I – Processo de trabalho; II – Receptividade dos profissionais ao acompanhante; e, III – Empoderamento dos usuários. Embora limitem a presença do acompanhante, as instituições descrevem aspectos que favorecem a sua inclusão. Sugere-se, a partir dos resultados apresentados, que tais elementos facilitadores sejam fortalecidos, por meio de estratégias de gestão, educação permanente e ações intersetoriais.
Representations of women milk donors on donations for the human milk bank
Authors: Miranda Wanessa Debôrtoli de , Passos Maria Cristina , Freitas Maria Imaculada de Fátima , Bonolo Palmira de Fátima
Published: August 2016

Abstract Human milk banks (HMBs) have difficulty maintaining and increasing their stocks, and the number of women enrolling as members remains low. The present qualitative study, based on social representation theory, aimed to understand women’s representations of the milk donation experience. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in 2013. In total, 12 women aged 18 to 39 years old participated in the study. Most were primiparous, married or living with a partner, housewives, completed high school, and belonged to lower economic classes. Four categories emerged from the testimonies: human milk donation; representations about human milk banks (HMB); the importance of breastfeeding for the baby and for one's conceptualization as a mother; and prenatal care and donation awareness. The main reasons for donating were representations that value breastfeeding, human milk, and the donation act. These mothers had difficulties donating, but the rewarding feeling, the value of this practice, and the support they received from people important to them helped with the donation. The findings related to the value of the donation and breastfeeding provide ways to effectively encourage and motivate potential donors, achieving comprehensive care starting from the prenatal period.
Towards a personalized risk assessment for exposure of humans to toxic substances
Authors: Pedrete Thaís de Almeida , Mota Caroline de Lima , Gonçalves Eline Simões , Moreira Josino Costa
Published: August 2016

Abstract Great response variability caused by genetic and/or environmental factors has been observed among organisms exposed to hazardous chemicals. This subject has been a topic of intense discussion in the USA since President Obama announced support for an “era of precision medicine”, which consists in the inclusion of genetic data of patients in the treatment design, imposing a new approach to risk assessment. Personalized evaluation must consider the phenotypic factors of an individual. Among the markers that have been developed to evaluate any alteration in the structure or function of organisms, biomarkers of susceptibility are of great importance because they indicate the natural characteristics of a given organism which make it more sensitive to a specific adverse effect or disease, or more responsive to exposure to a specific chemical/drug. The ‘-omics’ technologies provide an insight into the relationship between chemical effects and molecular mechanisms of action. These technologies are the pillars for a personalized toxicology and precision medicine. Predictive toxicology requires a more comprehensive knowledge on specific individual factors or susceptibilities predisposing to diseases, enabling personalized risk assessment and adequate medical treatment.
Qualidade da assistência pré-natal no Brasil: revisão de artigos publicados de 2005 a 2015
Authors: Nunes Juliana Teixeira , Gomes Keila Rejane Oliveira , Rodrigues Malvina Thaís Pacheco , Mascarenhas Márcio Denis Medeiros
Published: August 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a qualidade da atenção pré-natal no Brasil de 2005 a 2015 em relação ao acesso e à adequação da assistência prestada. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura conduzida a partir de recomendações propostas pelo protocolo PRISMA. A busca extraiu estudos das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE, mediante expressão de busca geral combinando descritores. Após aplicação de três filtros, com base em critérios preestabelecidos, selecionaram-se 12 estudos para análise final. A análise evidenciou estudos transversais, publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, que concentraram a avaliação da atenção pré-natal de municípios e de um Estado de três grandes regiões brasileiras, além de um de amplitude nacional. Evidenciou-se elevação da cobertura da atenção pré-natal ao longo dos últimos dez anos em quase todo país, a despeito da qualidade. Foram encontrados baixos índices de adequação, variando entre 4,5 e 66,1% em várias regiões do país, por motivos que vão desde a não realização do número ideal de consultas e início precoce da assistência até, principalmente, a ausência de promoção do conteúdo quantitativo e qualitativo preconizado para essas consultas. Verificaram-se variações na adequação da assistência pré-natal, especialmente, quando comparadas à aplicação de diferentes indicadores de qualidade. Conclui-se que estudos de avaliação são ferramentas valiosas para subsidiar futuras pesquisas que busquem novas ações em atenção à saúde das gestantes.