bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was ist eine Person?
Authors: Perler Dominik
Published: July 2016

Leibniz holds that we cannot give an account of the synchronic and diachronic identity of a person without appealing to a substance. This paper analyses his reasons for this anti-Lockean thesis. It first looks at his theory of substance, paying particular attention to his commitment to the Principle of Sufficient Reason: the existence of a well-ordered series of mental states cannot be sufficiently explained without reference to a substance. The paper then examines the distinction Leibniz draws between the substance as the “real person” and the “appearing person” that comes into existence through reflexive consciousness. It argues that there can be no appearing person without a real person and looks at the relationship between these two types of person. Leibniz’s distinction is still relevant because it shows that questions concerning the metaphysical constitution of a person need to be carefully distinguished from questions concerning the psychological construction of a personality.
Die Natur der Werte – eine pragmatistische Perspektive
Authors: Jung Matthias
Published: July 2016

Values are neither discovered nor constructed. Pragmatist thinkers, by rejecting both alternatives, are able to develop convincing answers to the question about the place of values in nature. The argument unfolds in three steps: (1)The meaning of the term “naturalism” is differentiated in the light of Pragmatist insights. Deweyan naturalism rejects both scientism and subjectivism and treats values as being developed naturally in the course of ordinary experience. Values are qualities of the interaction-cycle between organism and environment and accordingly as real as atoms and their interactions. (2) Value-experiences integrate receptivity and reflexivity. The desirable is elaborated as the reflective transformation of the factually desired and thus always retains contingent experiences. (3) The human good as articulated in values is always prone to particularistic, exclusionary interpretations. Hence the importance of universal norms as checking-instances (“Prüfinstanzen”, H. Joas) for values. But, conversely, normative universalism remains anaemic without support by actually lived value-orientations.
Preparation and properties of chemically reduced graphene oxide/copolymer-polyamide nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Xin , Shao Xiao Yu , Fang Guan Biao , He Hai Feng , Wan Zhen Gao
Published: July 2016

To enhance the physical properties of copolymer-polyamide (CO-PA), a sequence of nanocomposites based upon CO-PA and chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) nanoplatelets were prepared by in-situ reduction using hydrazine hydrate. Graphene oxide (GO), prepared by the improved Hummers method, was used to fabricate CRGO nanaoplatelets. Atomic-force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the thickness and the width of GO was about 0.9 nm and 1 μm, respectively. An abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups were introduced onto the GO sheets. XRD and SEM analysis showed that CRGO nanoplatelets were well dispersed in the CO-PA matrix with the appropriate CRGO content. TGA and DSC analysis demonstrated that CRGO nanoplatelets can significantly improve the thermal stability, glass-transition temperature, crystallization temperature of the composites. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were improved significantly with the appropriate increment of CRGO nanoplatelets content, though the elongation at break of the composites decreased with the increase of CRGO nanoplatelets content. The electrical conductivity test showed a significant increase in electrical conductivity from an insulator to almost a semiconductor with increasing CRGO nanoplatelets content. And at 1.0 wt% CRGO content, the electrical percolation threshold of the nanocomposites was found.
Continuous dependence of a solution of a neutral functional differential equation on the right-hand side and initial data taking into account perturbations of variable delays
Authors: Gorgodze Nika , Ramishvili Ia , Tadumadze Tamaz
Published: July 2016

Theorems on the continuous dependence of a solution of the Cauchy problem with respect to the nonlinear term of the right-hand side and initial data are proved for neutral functional differential equations whose right-hand sides are linear with respect to the prehistory of the phase velocity. Under the initial data we imply a collection of initial moment, variable delays entering in the phase coordinates, initial vector and initial functions. In this paper, an essential novelty is that perturbations of variable delays are taken into account in proving the main theorems.
Functions of bounded fractional differential variation – A new concept
Authors: Prajapati Jyotindra C. , Kachhia Krunal B.
Published: July 2016

The idea of functions of bounded differential variation was introduced by Bhatt, Dabhi and Kachhia in [2].
In the present paper, we introduce functions of bounded fractional differential variation using the Caputo-type fractional derivative instead of the commonly used first-order derivative. Various properties and relation with some known results of classical analysis are also studied. We prove that the space

BFDV
⁢

[
a
,
b
]

${\mathrm{BFDV}[a,b]}$

of all functions of bounded fractional differential variation on

[
a
,
b
]

${[a,b]}$

is a normed algebra under certain type of norms.
Constituents from Chloranthaceae plants and their biological activities
Authors: Zhang Manli , Liu Dan , Fan Guiqiang , Wang Ruxing , Lu Xinghua , Gu Yucheng , Shi Qing-Wen
Published: July 2016

The Chloranthaceae is a small family with only four genera (Ascarina, Chloranthus, Hedyosmum, Sarcandra), of which nearly 70 species are distributed around the world. Chemical constituents in Chloranthaceae plants, especially sesquiterpenes, have attracted a great deal of attention in recent 5 years. Many characteristic constituents of this family may be responsible for anti-microbial, anti-tumor and other activities. In order to provide information for the future research, the structures and biological activities of the known constituents from the plants of Chloranthaceae have been reviewed in this article.
Helminth fauna of Lebanon Lizard,Phoenicolacerta laevis(Gray, 1838), (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Southern Turkey
Authors: Bırlık S. , Yildirimhan H. S. , Sümer N. , Kumlutaş Y. , Ilgaz Ç. , Durmuş S. H. , Güçlü Ö. , Candan K.
Published: July 2016

In the years 2010 and 2014, fifty-four samples ofPhoenicolacerta laevisfrom eight localities in Adana (n=6) and Hatay (n=48) were collected and examined for helminth parasites. New host and locality records were recorded. As a results of present study, three species of Digenea,Sonsinotrema tacapense, Prosthodendrium chilostomum, Brachylaimasp. (metacercaria); two species of Cestoda,Oochoristica tuberculataandMesocestoides sp. and four species of Nematoda,Skrjabinodon medinae, Spauligodon sp.,Thubunaea sp. and a larva of the AscaridiidaeAscarididaegen.sp. were reported for lizard samples. We document new host records for all of helminth species reported here.Sonsionotrema tacapense(Digenea), andThubunaea sp. (Nematoda) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. There are, to our knowledge, no reports of helminths forP. laevisin Turkey and also from its range.
A long-term survey ofFascioloides magnain red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Slovakia (Danube floodplain forests) during the period of 2005 – 2015
Authors: Bazsalovicsová E. , Špakulová M. , Juhásová L’. , Miholics Š. , Rajský D. , Králová-Hromadová I.
Published: July 2016

Fascioloidosis of wild and domestic ruminants is caused by giant liver fluke,Fascioloides magna(Trematoda; Fasciolidae). In Slovakia, the parasite is present in the Danube floodplain forests permanent focus for almost 30 years. Here we provide data on 11-year survey ofF. magnaacquired from 137 red deer (Cervus elaphus) hunted in the southwestern hunting grounds (districts Komárno and Dunajská Streda). Almost 47 % of all examined deer, including males, females and fawns, were infected withF. magna. During the studied period, the prevalence ranged between 33.3 % (2009) and 63.6 % (2007). Prevalence of fascioloidosis varied between sexes and age categories; while the lowest overall prevalence was detected in females (33.3 %), higher values were documented for red deer males (50.6 %) and fawns (43.3 %). A presence of giant liver fluke in studied regions of southwestern Slovakia deserves future attention and ongoing monitoring due to a possible threat ofF. magnainfection of domestic ruminants in overlapping regions.
Application of TTSP to wood-development of a vertical shift factor
Authors: Wang Fuli , Huang Tianlai , Shao Zhuoping
Published: July 2016

The applicability of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) to wood has been investigated aiming at the prediction of long-term mechanical properties of wood by both horizontally and vertically shifting of short-term stress relaxation data obtained by experiments. The expression of TTSP considering the vertical shift factor (b

T
) for wood is proposed the first time. The results showed that: (1) TTSP applied to poplar and the master curve that was obtained from 1 h of tests at 283.2, 303.2, 320.2, 343.2, and 363.2 K in a relative humidity (RH) of 60% could predict the stress relaxation behavior for approximately 42 years at 283.2 K and 60% RH. (2) There was a linear correlation between lga

T
and T
-1, lg a

T
=6590.40 T

-1
-23.64 (R2=0.994), which followed the Arrhenius equation well, while the apparent activation energy was 34.6 kcal mole-1. (3) The b

T
had a linear relationship with temperature, and the relation was lgb

T
=0.0013T-0.37 (R2=0.999). (4) The long-term relaxation curve of the long-term verification test had high goodness of fit with the master curve. The results can be interpreted that the TTSP expression considering the b

T
proposed in this paper is rational.
Immediate drop-out rate in adolescent substance abusers: an out-patient chart review from North India
Authors: Arya Sidharth , Gupta Rajiv , Rathee Sunila , Rawat Vinay
Published: July 2016

Introduction:

Although a number of management strategies are available for adolescent substance abusers, the outcomes are limited due to high drop out. The factors related to drop out in adolescent substance users, especially in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) have been sparsely studied.

Objective:

To study the personal, family and clinical variables related to immediate drop out in adolescent substance abusers.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective outpatient chart review was carried out for adolescent substance abusers aged 12–19 years from January 2012 to December 2014.

Results:

Of the 89 patients, 57 (64%) dropped out immediately. The majority of adolescent substance users were >17 years (85%), having some education (90%), belonging to a joint family (76%), having good family support (66%). Drop out was higher in those with later onset and less duration of substance abuse (3.42 vs. 2.36, p=0.014), not currently employed/attending school (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.04–6.70), not having a psychiatric comorbidity, using a single substance and abusing cannabis. Factors like school drop out, background, family type and support and the relationship to the accompanying person were not associated with immediate drop out.

Conclusion:

Later onset, lesser duration of substance use, not currently employed/attending school, absence of psychiatric illness and using cannabis were associated with drop out from outpatient treatment. These factors must be thoroughly addressed in substance abuse interventions.
A retrospective chart review: adolescents with borderline personality disorder, borderline personality traits, and controls
Authors: Jopling Ellen N. , Khalid-Khan Sarosh , Chandrakumar Shivani F. , Segal Shira C.
Published: July 2016

With an estimated lifetime prevalence as high as 5.9% in the general population, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by marked impulsivity as well as difficulties in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects. The burden on the health care system is immense with BPD patients accounting for 10%–20% of the patients in mental health outpatient facilities and 15%–40% in mental health inpatient facilities. Further, while 75%–80% of BPD patients attempt to commit suicide, 10% succeed; this mortality rate exceeds even that of anorexia nervosa which, with a weighted mortality rate of 5.1%, has often been considered to have the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder. In order to provide treatment and to implement preventative measures, a risk profile as well as clinical features must be identified within the adolescent population. This is presently crucial, as the current criteria for BPD are not developmentally focused, and as a result, criteria initially developed for the adult population are being applied in diagnoses of adolescents. A population of adolescents (n=80) between 16 and 19 years of age meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria either for BPD traits (n=46) or for BPD (n=36) were included in a retrospective chart review; a control group consisting of n=30 mood and anxiety control subjects were included to allow for further comparisons. Complex significant differences were discovered between the three groups in the following areas: history of sexual abuse, suicidal ideation, internalizing/externalizing symptoms, interpersonal difficulties, impulsivity, pre-perinatal stress, bullying, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, disruptive disorders, and finally, learning disorders.
Natural Convective Flow Analysis For Nanofluids With Reynold,s Model of Viscosity
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher , Ali Khan Liaqat , Hayat Khan Zafar
Published: July 2016

In this article, we have considered an incompressible nanofluids flow and studied the effects of variable viscosity in the form of a well-known Reynold’s model of viscosity in an asymmetric channel. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as an exponential function of temperature. The governing fundamental equations are approximated under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynold,s number. The governing momentum and energy and nanoparticle equations are solved using shooting technique to obtain the expressions for stream functions, pressure rise temperature and nanoparticle concentration field. Trapping phenomena are also discussed at the end of the article to see the behaviour of different parameters on streamlines. It is analyzed that the pressure rise and amount of flow rate are charitable conflicting consequences. It is analyzed that the temperature profile increases with the increase in Prandtl parameter Pr, the Brownian motion parameter

N
b

${N_b}$

and the thermophoresis parameter

N
t

${N_t}$

.
Multiple Soliton Solutions, Soliton-Type Solutions and Hyperbolic Solutions for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Equation with Variable Coefficients in Rotating Fluids and One-Dimensional Transmitted Waves
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Fang , Liu Jian-Guo
Published: July 2016

With the help of symbolic computation, the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equation with variable coefficients is presented, which was proposed for the first time by Benjamin as the regularized long-wave equation and originally derived as approximation for surface water waves in a uniform channel. By employing the improved

(

G

′

/

G
)

$(G^' /G)$

-expansion method, the truncated Painlevé expansion method, we derive new auto-Bäcklund transformation, hyperbolic solutions, a variety of traveling wave solutions, soliton-type solutions and two solitary wave solutions of the BBM equation. These obtained solutions possess abundant structures. The figures corresponding to these solutions are illustrated to show the particular localized excitations and the interactions between two solitary waves.
Numerical Investigation of Hydromagnetic Hybrid Cu – Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Stretching Sheet with Suction
Authors: Devi S. P. Anjali , Devi S. Suriya Uma
Published: July 2016

An emerging concept of hybrid nanofluid with a new improved model of its thermophysical properties are introduced in the present work. Hybrid nanofluid is an advanced type of conventional heat transfer fluids, which has been employed for the enhancement of heat transfer rate. Two distinct fluids, namely hybrid nanofluid

(

C
u
−
A

l

2

O

3

/

w
a
t
e
r

)

$({\rm{Cu - A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{/water}})$

and nanofluid (Cu/water) are used to investigate the parametric features of the flow and heat transfer phenomena over a permeable stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic field. The effects of various physical parameters and effecting physical quantities of interest are analyzed. From this study it is observed that the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluid

(

C
u
−
A

l

2

O

3

/

w
a
t
e
r

)

$({\rm{Cu - A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{/water}})$

is higher than that of Nanofluid (Cu/water) under magnetic field environment. More combinations of different nanocomposites can be tried so that the desired heat transfer rate can be achieved.
Vitamin C inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by scavenging mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Sang Xuesong , Wang Hongbin , Chen Yihui , Guo Qiuhong , Lu Ailing , Zhu Xiaoli , Meng Guangxun
Published: July 2016

Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that mediate maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Inflammasomes have been connected with various diseases, therefore the regulation of inflammasome activation is important for the development of novel therapies for many inflammatory syndromes. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient and has regulatory effects on immune cells. Here we report that vitamin C has an inhibitory effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this inhibition is through scavenging mitochondrial ROS but not through NF-κB inhibition. Moreover, specificity tests show that the AIM2 inflammasome and the NLRC4 inflammasome can also be inhibited by vitamin C. Our results have thus identified a new inflammasome regulator and provide therapeutic potential for inflammasome-associated diseases.
Hyponatremia associated with preeclampsia
Authors: Razavi Armin S. , Chasen Stephen T. , Gyawali Ritu , Kalish Robin B.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

The objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical factors associated with hyponatremia in patients with preeclampsia.

Study design:

This is a descriptive study of all patients who delivered at our institution from 2013 to 2014. Patients with preeclampsia were identified from electronic medical records. Preeclampsia with and without severe features was defined using the criteria outlined in the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Hypertension in Pregnancy guidelines. As sodium levels have been shown to be approximately 5 mEq/L lower in pregnancy, hyponatremia was defined as a sodium level <130 mEq/L.

Results:

We identified 332 pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, including 277 singletons and 55 twins. Hyponatremia was noted in 32 (9.7%) patients. Preeclampsia with severe features was present in the majority of patients with hyponatremia, and hyponatremia was more common in those with preeclampsia with severe features compared to those without (P<0.001). Hyponatremia also occurred more frequently in twins (P=0.001) and in older women (P=0.017). Only one patient without hyponatremia had an eclamptic seizure.

Conclusion:

Hyponatremia is not uncommon in preeclampsia, and is even more common in those with preeclampsia with severe features and twin gestations. As women with preeclampsia are at risk for hyponatremia, serum sodium should be monitored, especially in women with preeclampsia with severe features or twin gestations.
Comparison of student perception and performance between case-based learning and lecture-based learning in a clinical laboratory immunology course
Authors: Ma Xingming , Luo Yanping , Wang Jingqiu , Zhang Lifeng , Liang Yaling , Wu Yufeng , Yu Hongjuan , Cao Mingqiang
Published: July 2016

Background:

Case-based learning (CBL), an educational method of problem-based learning, provides students with a venue to relate content learned in the classroom to performance in professional practice. This study compared CBL in the teaching of a clinical laboratory immunology (CLI) course to lecture-based learning (LBL), and evaluated the effect on students regarding the CBL.

Methods:

Data were collected from senior students (n=85; 46% males, 54% females) at Lanzhou University in China. The students were divided into two groups, one group was offered CBL, while the other LBL as a teaching instrument. After intervention, perceptions of both the groups about their respective teaching method were evaluated using questionnaires, the resulting scores were compared to those obtained in the LBL group.

Results:

The CBL group showed significantly better scores in course examination (p<0.05) as compared to the LBL group. Seventy-seven (90.6%) students in the CBL group opined that CBL improved their learning and clinical problem-solving skills. CBL also provided them with better understanding (90.6%) and preparation for examinations (90.6%). CBL group improved markedly in comparison to the LBL group with regard to learning motivation (p=0.040), clinical reasoning ability (p=0.023) and clinical problem-solving ability (p=0.022).

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that CBL is a more effective teaching strategy as compared to LBL in a CLI course. Consequently, the implementation of CBL in teaching a CLI course helps students to improve their learning motivation, problem solving abilities and mastery of knowledge.
First record of the bushy-tailed jird, Sekeetamys calurus (Thomas, 1892) (Rodentia: Muridae) in Oman
Authors: Soto Erika Cuéllar , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J.
Published: July 2016

In order to improve the knowledge of terrestrial fauna in the Jabal Samhan Reserve – in southern Oman – several systematic surveys have been carried out in this region. Four specimens of the bushy-tailed jird, the gerbilline
Photonic spin Hall effect in metasurfaces: a brief review
Authors: Liu Yachao , Ke Yougang , Luo Hailu , Wen Shuangchun
Published: July 2016

The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) originates from the interplay between the photon-spin (polarization) and the trajectory (extrinsic orbital angular momentum) of light, i.e. the spin-orbit interaction. Metasurfaces, metamaterials with a reduced dimensionality, exhibit exceptional abilities for controlling the spin-orbit interaction and thereby manipulating the photonic SHE. Spin-redirection phase and Pancharatnam-Berry phase are the manifestations of spin-orbit interaction. The former is related to the evolution of the propagation direction and the latter to the manipulation with polarization state. Two distinct forms of splitting based on these two types of geometric phases can be induced by the photonic SHE in metasurfaces: the spin-dependent splitting in position space and in momentum space. The introduction of Pacharatnam-Berry phases, through space-variant polarization manipulations with metasurfaces, enables new approaches for fabricating the spin-Hall devices. Here, we present a short review of photonic SHE in metasurfaces and outline the opportunities in spin photonics.
Effect of thermal processing temperature on the microphase separation and mechanical properties of BAMO/THF polyurethane
Authors: Xiaoxia Jian , Yiwen Hu , Qilong Zheng
Published: July 2016

This paper describes the influence of thermal processing temperature on the microphase separation, hydrogen bonding, phase transitions and mechanical properties of 3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) polyurethane binder, which is used for propellant. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the intended polyurethane was synthesized and was used to determine the state of the local hydrogen bonding in these polyurethanes. The results showed that the thermal processing clearly imparts significant changes to the H-bonded environment and this was confirmed in a quantitative fashion using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed rather significant changes in dynamic segmental relaxations and storage moduli for this series of BAMO/THF polyurethanes, which are in keeping with the findings from other experiments.
S100B raises the alert in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chong Zhao Zhong
Published: July 2016

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high mortality and mobility, the novel therapeutic strategies of which are essentially required. The calcium binding protein S100B has emerged as a brain injury biomarker that is implicated in pathogenic process of SAH. S100B is mainly expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system and functions through initiating intracellular signaling or via interacting with cell surface receptor, such as the receptor of advanced glycation end products. The biological roles of S100B in neurons have been closely associated with its concentrations, resulting in either neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. The levels of S100B in the blood have been suggested as a biomarker to predict the progress or the prognosis of SAH. The role of S100B in the development of cerebral vasospasm and brain damage may result from the induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after SAH. To get further insight into mechanisms underlying the role of S100B in SAH based on this review might help us to find novel therapeutic targets for SAH.
Powers, Structure, and Thought in Empedocles
Authors: Curd Patricia
Published: July 2016

How is it that Empedocles’ world is is an organized system of diverse entities and how does this system of maintain regularity over long periods of time? I suggest that it is the impulses and thoughts of the roots and of Love and Strife that answer these questions. Love and Strife, working within the laws of nature provide the major structural aspects of the cosmos: the circular motion of the whirls created by the opposing forces produce the masses of roots that are worked up into the heavenly bodies and the living things that populate the cosmos. It is useful to conceive of Empedocles as a proto-power-structuralist. The basic ingredients of the world are ontologically prior to the medium sized objects of sensible experience: it is not the case that there are underlying Aristotelian subjects with properties and attributes depending on those subjects.
Empedoclean Superorganisms
Authors: Sedley David
Published: July 2016

In Empedocles’ zoogony, an original set of single-specialism organisms – solitary hands, eyes, etc. – combined into complex organisms, of which the fittest survived. A less recognized anticipation of (one strand of) the Darwinian tradition relates to the superorganism theory: what is naturally selected for is not the individual and/or its kin, but, as most manifestly in insect colonies, the cooperative group. Empedocles’ Love likewise works by promoting co-operation, whose emergence in complex organisms reflects her growing power, and the periodic world-organism, Sphairos, her ultimate triumph. This latter divinity is not a homogeneous blend of the elements, but a single self-sufficient superorganism.
The use of vector bootstrapping to improve variable selection precision in Lasso models
Authors: Laurin Charles , Boomsma Dorret , Lubke Gitta
Published: July 2016

The Lasso is a shrinkage regression method that is widely used for variable selection in statistical genetics. Commonly, K-fold cross-validation is used to fit a Lasso model. This is sometimes followed by using bootstrap confidence intervals to improve precision in the resulting variable selections. Nesting cross-validation within bootstrapping could provide further improvements in precision, but this has not been investigated systematically. We performed simulation studies of Lasso variable selection precision (VSP) with and without nesting cross-validation within bootstrapping. Data were simulated to represent genomic data under a polygenic model as well as under a model with effect sizes representative of typical GWAS results. We compared these approaches to each other as well as to software defaults for the Lasso. Nested cross-validation had the most precise variable selection at small effect sizes. At larger effect sizes, there was no advantage to nesting. We illustrated the nested approach with empirical data comprising SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions from the most significant SNPs in a GWAS of borderline personality symptoms. In the empirical example, we found that the default Lasso selected low-reliability SNPs and interactions which were excluded by bootstrapping.
Li-Yorke chaos in models with backward dynamics
Authors: Stockman David R.
Published: July 2016

Some economic models like the cash-in-advance model of money, the overlapping generations model and a model of credit with limited commitment may have the property that the dynamical system characterizing equilibria in the model are multi-valued going forward in time, but single-valued going backward in time. Such models or dynamical systems are said to have backward dynamics. In such instances, what does it mean for a dynamical system (set-valued) to be chaotic? Furthermore, under what conditions are such dynamical systems chaotic? In this paper, I provide a definition of chaos that is in the spirit of Li and Yorke for a dynamical system with backward dynamics. I utilize the theory of inverse limits to provide sufficient conditions for such a dynamical system to be Li-Yorke chaotic.
Triumph of Hilarity? Some Reflections on the Structure and Function of the Final Scenes in Aristophanic Comedy
Authors: Pirrotta Serena
Published: July 2016

The final scenes of Aristophanic comedies have been usually interpreted as disconnected from the rest of the plot: as a pure expression of joy, a cheerful celebration of a successful comic hero. The present work offers an attempt to confute this interpretation. A systematic analysis of the exodoi of selected plays – especially
Synthesis and characterization of metastable transition metal oxides and oxide nitrides
Authors: Lüdtke Tobias , Weber Dominik , Schmidt Alexander , Müller Alexander , Reimann Christoph , Becker Nils , Bredow Thomas , Dronskowski Richard , Ressler Thorsten , Lerch Martin
Published: July 2016

New routes to vanadium sesquioxide and tantalum oxide nitride (γ- and δ-phase) are presented. Phase pure V2O3 with bixbyite-type structure, a metastable polymorph, was obtained from vanadium fluoride hydrates at ~750 K. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in space group

I
a

3
¯

$Ia\bar 3$

with lattice parameter a=939.30(5) pm. The catalytical properties of the corresponding oxide nitride phases and their oxidation and reduction solid-state kinetics were investigated. The preparation of γ-TaON as a phase pure sample can be realized by ammonolysis of X-ray amorphous tantalum oxide precursors at 1073 K. This metastable tantalum oxide nitride crystallizes in the monoclinic VO2(B)-type structure in space group C2/m. The same precursors can be used to synthesize the δ-modification with an anatase-type structure at 1023 K. It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system in space group I41/amd. A maximum yield of 82 m % could be obtained. The fundamental band gaps of the synthesized and of other metastable TaON polymorphs were calculated from first principles using the GW method. The present results are compared to experimental data and to previous calculations at hybrid DFT level.
A tetranuclear Sn(IV) 4-thiazolecarboxylate complex: synthesis, structure and catalytic behavior in the bulk ring-opening polymerization of glycolide
Authors: Gao Jian , Yuan Yu , Cui Ai-Jun , Tian Feng , He Ming-Yang , Chen Qun
Published: July 2016

The reaction of 4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (Htzc) and dimethyltin(IV) dichloride with NaOH in mixed MeOH-H2O solvent led to the formation of a new Sn(IV) complex (Me2Sn)4(μ
3-O)2(tzc)4 (1). Its structure has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with Z = 2 and has a tetranuclear structure with crystallographically imposed centrosymmetry. The as-synthesized complex 1 was found to be active toward the bulk solvent-free polymerization of glycolide, producing poly(glycolic acid) with a number-average molecular weight up to 55.5 kDa.
GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Pogonatherum paniceum enhances salinity and drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco
Authors: Ai Taobo , Liao Xuehong , Li Rui , Fan Linhong , Luo Fengxue , Xu Ying , Wang Shenghua
Published: July 2016

Pogonatherum paniceum is a highly drought- and salt-tolerant plant species that is typically used for ecological restoration and the conservation of soil and water in many countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, especially to salinity and drought stresses, in species such as P. paniceum could be important to broader crop improvement efforts. GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) is the limiting enzyme in the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), which plays a crucial role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have cloned and characterized the cDNA of the PpGMP gene of P. paniceum encoding a GMPase. The full-length cDNA sequence contains 1411 nucleotides encoding a putative protein with 361 amino acid residues and an approximate molecular mass of 39.68 kDa. The GMPase transcript was up-regulated in P. paniceum plants subjected to salinity and drought stress, respectively. Transgenic tobacco expressing PpGMPase exhibited enhanced salinity and drought resistance, a higher seed germination rate, better growth performance, a higher AsA content, a more stable redox state, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lower levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 under drought and salinity stress. Taken together, expression of PpGMPase in tobacco conferred salinity and drought stress tolerance by increasing the content of AsA, thereby enhancing ROS-detoxifying functions. Thus, PpGMP is a potential candidate gene for crop improvement.
Pasado y presente legislativo de los estudios de grado en criminología en España: soluciones y cuestiones pendientes / Legislative past and present of the bachelor's degree in criminology in Spain: solutions and outstanding issues
Authors: Mampaso Desbrow Joanne , Seoane Ruiz Ana , Pérez Fernández Francisco , Martín-Moreno Blasco Claudia , García Cortés Alba
Published: July 2016

Los estudios de Criminología en España cuentan con un corto recorrido si se comparan con otras carreras. Cabe mencionar que a pesar de su “escasa edad”, en términos académicos, en las diferentes manifestaciones de esta titulación se observan cuestiones específicas que suponen el objeto del presente artículo. Por un lado, encontramos una cantidad de modificaciones legislativas que sirven para desarrollar e implantar multitud de títulos propios asociados a la especialidad. Por otro, existe la necesidad de ajustar las demandas sociales y laborales a los requerimientos de equivalencia exigida por la implantación efectiva del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEEs) en el año 2008. Asimismo, a lo largo de este artículo se analiza cómo, desde la propia Administración, se han tratado de establecer mecanismos que reajustaran las promulgaciones legislativas a las necesidades del mercado. Sin embargo, los estudios de criminología, a lo largo de su historia en España, primero como estudios propios y posteriormente como oficiales, nunca han terminado de verse cerrados. Al contrario, siempre han estado sometidos a continuos y cambios y ajustes de los destinatarios de este perfil a una realidad volátil. Muchos, por ejemplo, se planean a día de hoy si el grado, de 240 créditos ECTS, muestra similitudes o diferencias con aquellas titulaciones propias y los estudios de segundo ciclo del pasado. Por ello en el presente artículo también se establecen, a modo de reflexión, se trata de analizar si este tipo de estudios encuadraría en la promulgación del Real Decreto 43/2015.
Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Retrograde Motoneuronal Axonal Transport in an SBMA Mouse Model
Authors: Halievski Katherine , Kemp Michael Q. , Breedlove S. Marc , Miller Kyle E. , Jordan Cynthia L.
Published: July 2016

Defects in axonal transport are seen in motoneuronal diseases, but how that impairment comes about is not well understood. In spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a disorder linked to a CAG/polyglutamine repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, the disease-causing AR disrupts axonal transport by acting in both a cell-autonomous fashion in the motoneurons themselves, and in a non-cell-autonomous fashion in muscle. The non-cell-autonomous mechanism is suggested by data from a unique “myogenic” transgenic (TG) mouse model in which an AR transgene expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle fibers triggers an androgen-dependent SBMA phenotype, including defects in retrograde transport. However, motoneurons in this TG model retain the endogenousARgene, leaving open the possibility that impairments in transport in this model also depend on ARs in the motoneurons themselves. To test whether non-cell-autonomous mechanisms alone can perturb retrograde transport, we generated male TG mice in which the endogenousARallele has the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) and, consequently, is nonfunctional. Males carrying theTfmallele alone show no deficits in motor function or axonal transport, with or without testosterone treatment. However, when Tfm males carrying the myogenic transgene (Tfm/TG) are treated with testosterone, they develop impaired motor function and defects in retrograde transport, having fewer retrogradely labeled motoneurons and deficits in endosomal flux based on time-lapse video microscopy of living axons. These findings demonstrate that non-cell-autonomous disease mechanisms originating in muscle are sufficient to induce defects in retrograde transport in motoneurons.
The Role of Visual and Semantic Properties in the Emergence of Category-Specific Patterns of Neural Response in the Human Brain
Authors: Coggan David D. , Baker Daniel H. , Andrews Timothy J.
Published: July 2016

Brain-imaging studies have found distinct spatial and temporal patterns of response to different object categories across the brain. However, the extent to which these categorical patterns of response reflect higher-level semantic or lower-level visual properties of the stimulus remains unclear. To address this question, we measured patterns of EEG response to intact and scrambled images in the human brain. Our rationale for using scrambled images is that they have many of the visual properties found in intact images, but do not convey any semantic information. Images from different object categories (bottle, face, house) were briefly presented (400 ms) in an event-related design. A multivariate pattern analysis revealed categorical patterns of response to intact images emerged ∼80–100 ms after stimulus onset and were still evident when the stimulus was no longer present (∼800 ms). Next, we measured the patterns of response to scrambled images. Categorical patterns of response to scrambled images also emerged ∼80–100 ms after stimulus onset. However, in contrast to the intact images, distinct patterns of response to scrambled images were mostly evident while the stimulus was present (∼400 ms). Moreover, scrambled images were able to account only for all the variance in the intact images at early stages of processing. This direct manipulation of visual and semantic content provides new insights into the temporal dynamics of object perception and the extent to which different stages of processing are dependent on lower-level or higher-level properties of the image.
Organizaciones de pequeños productores, certificaciones y competitividad: experiencia reciente en Costa Rica
Authors: Díaz Porras Rafael , Delgado Ballesteros Antonio , Páez Ramírez William
Published: July 2016

Este artículo indaga si la aplicación de certificaciones ambientales ha significado un mejoramiento de la competitividad de los pequeños y medianos productores agrícolas. Para ello se realiza un análisis del entorno de las certificaciones tanto internacional como en la institucionalidad en Costa Rica, y la aproximación a las realidades de las experiencias de las organizaciones de pequeños productores con base en los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el año 2015. El artículo concluye que la estrategia de certificarse ha permitido un mejor posicionamiento y por consiguiente estabilidad,  en la cadena de valor, aunque para las organizaciones y las instancias generadoras de políticas hay áreas donde mejorar, como por ejemplo los costos y cambios en los  procesos y la resistencia cultural a este tipo de iniciativas.
Diagnóstico del Virus de la Celda Real Negra, el Virus de Alas Deformes y el Virus de la Parálisis Aguda en abejas africanizadas Apis mellifera scutellata, sintomáticas de Costa Rica, utilizando RT‐PCR en tiempo real.
Authors: Chaves Guevara Guisella , Cubero Murillo Ana , Cordero Juan Miguel , Vicente-Rubiano Marina , Kukielka Deborah , León Bernal , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José Manuel
Published: July 2016

Tras denuncias de apicultores, por la presencia de abejas Apis mellifera scutellata enfermas en colmenas localizadas en la región central sur de la provincia de San José, Costa Rica, se recolectó muestras de abejas adultas vivas, con sintomatología presuntiva de infección viral. Las muestras fueron extraídas y procesadas en el laboratorio. A partir de estas muestras, se diagnosticó, por primera vez en Costa Rica, la presencia del virus de la Celda Real Negra (BQCV) y el virus de la Parálisis Aguda  (ABPV), en los cantones de: Turrubares, distrito San Pedro; Tarrazú, distrito San Marcos, respectivamente. Además, se confirmó, por PCR, la presencia del virus de las Alas Deformes (DWV) en el país. La información, acerca de las enfermedades virales en Costa Rica, es todavía escasa, por lo cual, la implementación de estas metodologías abre la posibilidad de ofrecer, a los apicultores de este país, un diagnóstico rápido, específico y sensible. La puesta a punto de estas técnicas, además, podría ser el inicio para la realización de investigaciones con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de virus en las colmenas costarricenses, así como posibles factores de riesgo asociados a estas infecciones.
On Monotonic Solutions of A Nonlinear Integral Equation of Volterra Type
Authors: Osman Karakurt  , Ö. Faruk Temizer
Published: July 2016

We study a nonlinear integral equation of Volterra type in the Banach space of real functions defined and continuous on a bounded and closed interval. Using a technique associated with measure of noncompactness we prove the existence of the nondecreasing solutions to a nonlinear integral equations of Volterra type in C [0, 1]. We give also one example satisfying the conditions of our main result but not satisfying the conditions of the main result in [1].
Potentially Preventable 30-Day Hospital Readmissions at a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Toomey Sara L. , Peltz Alon , Loren Samuel , Tracy Michaela , Williams Kathryn , Pengeroth Linda , Ste Marie Allison , Onorato Sarah , Schuster Mark A.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Hospital readmission rates are increasingly used to assess quality. Little is known, however, about potential preventability of readmissions among children. Our objective was to evaluate potential preventability of 30-day readmissions using medical record review and interviews.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study in 305 children (<18 years old) readmitted within 30 days to a freestanding children’s hospital between December 2012 and February 2013. Interviews (N = 1459) were conducted with parents/guardians, patients (if ≥13 years old), inpatient clinicians, and primary care providers. Reviewers evaluated medical records, interview summaries, and transcripts, and then rated potential preventability. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with potentially preventable readmission. Adjusted event curves were generated to model days to readmission.

RESULTS:

Of readmissions, 29.5% were potentially preventable. Potentially preventable readmissions occurred sooner after discharge than non–potentially preventable readmissions (5 vs 9 median days; P < .001). The odds of a readmission being potentially preventable were greatest when the index admission and readmission were causally related (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–6.8) and when hospital (AOR: 16.3; 95% CI: 5.9–44.8) or patient (AOR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.5–20.5) factors were identified. Interviews provided new information about the readmission in 31.2% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nearly 30% of 30-day readmissions to a children’s hospital may be potentially preventable. Hospital and patient factors are associated with potential preventability and may provide targets for quality improvement efforts. Interviews contribute important information and should be considered when evaluating readmissions.
Jon Stratton and Nabeel Zuberi, eds. 2014. Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
Authors: Mitchell Tony
Published: July 2016

Jon Stratton and Nabeel Zuberi, eds. 2014. Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945. Farnham: Ashgate. 256pp. ISBN 9-781-140949-413-1 (hbk)
Jon Stratton. 2014. When Music Migrates: Crossing British and European Racial Faultlines, 1945–2010
Authors: Weston Donna
Published: July 2016

Jon Stratton. 2014. When Music Migrates: Crossing British and European Racial Faultlines, 1945–2010. Farnham: Ashgate. 221pp. ISBN 978-1-4724-2978-0 (hbk)
Katelyn Barney. 2014. Collaborative Ethnomusicology: New Approaches to Music Research between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians
Authors: Rottgeri André
Published: July 2016

Katelyn Barney. 2014. Collaborative Ethnomusicology: New Approaches to Music Research between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Melbourne: Lyre-bird Press. 202pp. ISBN 9-780-73403-777-0 (pbk)
She-Riffs
Authors: Strong Catherine , Rogers Ian
Published: July 2016

This article uses analysis of media articles and archival materials to pursue two aims. First, we investigate the effect of Riot Grrrl and grunge's gender equality impetus in the Australian context. In pursuing this, we discuss the rise of female musicians in Australia around the time of grunge and into the late 1990s, particularly in women-only or mostly-women bands, and bands for whom gender was a key defining factor. Second, in keeping with the goals of feminist historians (although this is not a historical paper, as such) we aim to document the activities of some of the female musicians who were active in Australia during the 1990s. Given that this area has been otherwise neglected in academic accounts of Australian popular music and of Riot Grrrl/grunge, it will provide an important starting point for further studies to expand upon. We demonstrate here that the Australian intersections between feminism and rock music are unique, as are the dialogues, debates and solutions proffered, as they combined immediate, local grassroots activity with support from international acts who themselves, while notable in their celebrity, had similar ties to the type of direct action cultural communities exemplified by the Rock'n'Roll High School concept.