bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development Potential of Integrated Farming System (Local Cattle - Food Crops)
Authors: Elly Femi Hadidjah , Lomboan Agustinus , Kaunang Charles L. , Rundengan Meiske , Poli Zulkifli , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: April 2020

Local cattle farming as an income source for farmers in rural areas is mostly developed traditionally. The local cattle farm continues, even though it is a side business, but is a mainstay in supporting national beef needs. The problem is whether integration of local cattle and food crops have the potential to be developed by farmers. The research was conducted to determine the potential integration of local cattle local and corn in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. A survey method using a purposive sampling selected 60 farmers from Sangkub District where farmers practiced an integrated cattle-crops farming. Data were subjected to proximate and feasibility analysis. The results showed that the total cattle owned by respondents were 209. The feed consisted of grass and corn waste, with an average consumption of 5.33 and 11.15 kg/head/day, respectively. A proximate analysis of waste corn reported 86.48% dry material, 7.36% crude protein, 1.84% fat, 28.95% crude fiber, 9.10% ash and 68.18% carbohydrate.  Respondents' income from cattle farming in Bintauna and Sangkub Districts were Rp. 151,000,000 vs. Rp. 169,900,000, production costs were Rp. 101,150,625 vs. Rp. 107,298,593.8, and RC ratio was 1.49 vs. 1.58. In conclusion, corn waste consumption was greater (67.66%) than the grass. RC ratio value >1 indicated that cattle farming was feasible. The corn-cattle farming integration system can minimize environmental pollution because it enables the concept of LEISA (Low External Input Sustainability Agriculture).
Antimicrobial Activity of Goat Colostrum Against Bacterial Strains Causing Food Poisoning Diseases
Authors: Setyawardani Triana , Sumarmono Juni , Risqiati Heni , Santosa Setya Agus
Published: April 2020

The study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates L.plantarum 3CT7 and 20CT8 from goat colostrum. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatant was tested using a well-diffusion method on several indicators: temperature, time of storage, and pH. Antimicrobial activity was recorded in both isolates at pH 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0, temperature at 0, 50 and 100 oC, and in cold storage for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8  have a bigger zone of inhibition than that of Pseudomonas spp. as compared to other bacteria. Testing the cell-free activity was aimed to investigate the metabolite inhibition by L.plantarum. The isolates were capable of inhibiting all pathogenic bacteria in the experiment (S. thypimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus)  as evidenced from the similar zone of inhibition from 15.83 to 16.06 mm. Isolates (L. plantarum 7CT3 dan 20CT8) exhibit inhibitory properties against S.thypimurium, S. aureus, Pseudomonas spp.. and L. monocytogenes at 0, 50 and 100oC. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8 exhibit antimicrobial activity during cold storage. Both isolates grown in the range of pH from 2 to 8 could inhibit S. thypimurium, E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp.  In general, the two isolates are the potential antimicrobial activity with broad ranges of pH, temperature and storage time.
A Family of 512 Reverse Order Laws for Generalized Inverses of Two Matrix Product: A Review
Authors: Tian Yongge
Published: April 2020

Reverse order laws for generalized inverses of matrix products is a classic object of study in the theory of generalized inverses. One of the well-known reverse order laws for a matrix product $AB$ is $(AB)^{(i,\ldots,j)} = B^{(s_2,\ldots,t_2)}A^{(s_1,\ldots,t_1)}$, where $(\cdot)^{(i,\ldots,j)}$ denotes an $\{i,\ldots, j\}$-generalized inverse of matrix. Because $\{i,\ldots, j\}$-generalized inverse of a singular matrix is unique, the relationships between both sides of the reverse order law can be divided into four situations for consideration. This paper provides a thorough coverage of the reverse order laws for $\{i,\ldots, j\}$-generalized inverses of $AB$, from the development of background and preliminary tools to the collection of miscellaneous formulas and facts on the reverse order laws in one place with cogent introduction and references for further study. We begin with the introduction of a linear mixed model $y = AB\beta + A\gamma + \epsilon$ and the presentation of two least-squares methodologies to estimate the fixed parameter vector $\beta$ in the model, and the description of connections between the two types of least-squares estimators and the reverse order laws for generalized inverses of $AB$. We then prepare some valued matrix analysis tools, including a general theory on linear or nonlinear matrix identities, a group of expansion formulas for calculating ranks of block matrices, two groups of explicit formulas for calculating the maximum and minimum ranks of $B^{(s_2,\ldots,t_2)}A^{(s_1,\ldots,t_1)}$, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for $B^{(s_2,\ldots,t_2)}A^{(s_1,\ldots,t_1)}$ to be invariant with respect to the choice of $B^{(s_2,\ldots,t_2)}A^{(s_1,\ldots,t_1)}$. We then present a unified approach to the 512 matrix set inclusion problems associated with the above reverse order laws for the eight commonly-used types of generalized inverses of $A$, $B$, and $AB$ through use of the definitions of generalized inverses, the block matrix method (BMM), the matrix rank method (MRM), the matrix equation method (MEM), and various algebraic calculations of matrices.
COVID-19 and Amazonia: Sustainable alternatives for an economic collapse
Authors: Diele-Viegas Luisa , Pereira Eder
Published: April 2020

The severity of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak demand from countries to adopt extreme measurements of social isolation to stop the spread and flatten the curve of contamination. Although social isolation measures may have negative impacts on economy, historically it has been showed to be more effective in saving lives and less damaging to economy than not adopting these measurements during a viral pandemic. In Brazil, despite the positioning of the president against social isolation due to the consequent economic recession, the rapid spread of the virus has worried the governors of the Brazilian states, which are thus managing stringent social isolation measurements to avoid the advance of the virus. Since one of the main strategies to guarantee progress and economic growth in Brazil has been the exploitation of natural resources from the Amazonia biome, here we discuss the importance of this biome to Brazilian economy during the post-pandemic recession and highlights potential strategies to burst the economy without promoting Amazonia destruction. We show that, together with the REDD+ and the Amazon Fund, the Forest bonds represents good strategies to burst Brazilian economy in a sustainable way, showing that it is possible to improve the commodities without increasing Amazonia deforestation or the greenhouse gases emissions. Amazonia is a biome of global importance for the avoidance of another global crisis, which will occur if we reach the climatic tipping point of 1.5°C. Thus, governmental actions should go towards its preservation, not exploitation and depletion. The commitment of the government with environmental conservation is paramount so that these economic strategies have positive results, especially in a post-pandemic scenario, where the economy will be extremely weakened. The COVID-19 brings us a lesson regarding how our attitudes can impact the world, and what we can expect from a global crisis. Perhaps we can apply these lessons and focus on change our economy towards a sustainable direction to avoid another global crisis in the years to come.
The Truth behind the Fallen Leaves: Untold Stories of Unsuccessful LET Examinees
Authors: Pregoner Joseph Dave
Published: April 2020

This case study was conducted to disentangle the stories of unsuccessful LET examinees, their responses to failure, and their perspectives of the factors that contributed to their failure. The results demonstrate five themes related to the failure experience. Factors related to the physical environment, psychological well-being, and preparedness influenced the performance of the examinees. Contributory factors to failure provided several implications to teacher education practice. Educators have a responsibility to identify, inform, and intervene with students who are at high risk of failing the LET, and this responsibility could be executed capably. However, the role should be extended beyond graduation. The responsibility to help graduates transition from failure to licensure is the final step of successful undergraduate teacher education.
Study on the Vibration Isolation Performance of Composite Subgrade Structure in Seasonal Frozen Regions
Authors: Han Leilei , Wei Haibin , Wang Fuyu
Published: April 2020

Silty clay modified by fly ash and crumb rubber is a kind of sustainable subgrade filler which has good anti-freeze-thaw resistance stability but wake vibration isolation performance. The objective of this study was to improve the vibration isolation of the modified soil and investigate the vibration isolation effect of the composite subgrade structure of XPS plates and the modified soil by indoor impact test. First, the vibration isolation performance of silty clay, modified soil and composite subgrade structure was respectively evaluated. Second, the effect of XPS plate’s thickness and vibration intensity on the vibration performance of the composite subgrade structure were evaluated. Third, the vibration isolation performance of the test groups under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles was assessed. The results show that the vibration isolation performance of subgrade can be effectively improved by setting XPS plates. The composite subgrade structure has certain vibration isolation effect, especially in vertical direction. Considering vibration isolation performance and costs, 5cm is the optimum XPS plates thickness. The composite subgrade structure has great vibration isolation performance under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles, so it is suitable to be applied in road subgrade in seasonal frozen regions.
GATA 3 Gene Overexpression Is A Biomarker of Adverse Prognosis for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified and for ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: An Exploratory Analysis of 80 Latin American Cases of nodal PTCLs
Authors: de Pádua Covas Lage Luís Alberto , Brito Cláudio Vinícius , Levy Débora , Culler Hebert Fabrício , Campanelli Freitas Couto Samuel , Bassolli Lucas , Zerbini Maria Claudia Nogueira , Rocha Vanderson , Pereira Juliana
Published: April 2020

Background: Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (nPTCLs) encompass a heterogeneous group of mature and aggressive lymphoid malignancies, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-positive and ALK-negative. Their differential diagnosis and prognosis are an issue in the clinical practice. Accurate biomarkers to refine the different subtypes of nPTCLs and to stratify their prognosis are essential to improve their treatment approach. The aim of this study was to test the prognostic impact of GATA3 gene expression, and its capability to discriminate the different subtypes of nPTCLs. Patients and Methods: From 2000 to 2017, 80 patients with nPTCLs were eligible for GATA3 gene expression analysis that was assessed retrospectively by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) of neoplastic biopsies in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded samples (FFPE). Results: Median age was 49 years old (IqR 34-59), 43/80 (53.7%) were male. Median follow-up was 1.72 years. Of them, 36.3% were classified as PTCL/NOS, 31.2% ALK-negative ALCL, 21.2% ALK-positive ALCL and 11.3% AITL. The majority of cases had advanced stage (III/IV). Two-year estimated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 52.2% and 39.5%, respectively. The median GATA3 gene expression level was 0.49% (range 0 – 7.07) in all cohort, it was 0.11% for ALK-positive ALCL, 0.46% for ALK-negative ALCL, 0.86% for PTCL/NOS and 0.67% for AITL. The difference of GATA3 gene expression among distinct variants of nPTCLs was statistically significant (p < 0.001). GATA3 gene expression levels ≥ 0.71% discriminate PTCL/NOS from ALK-negative ALCL and AITL with sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 80.3%. GATA3 gene expression levels ≥ median was associated with poor 2-year OS for PTCL/NOS (46.7% x 21.4%, p=0.04) and for ALK-negative ALCL (85.7% x 54.5%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Despite the relative small and heterogeneous group of patients with nPTCLs, GATA3 gene overexpression may be an important biomarker associated with poor prognosis in PTCL/NOS and ALK-negative ALCL. Moreover it may also discriminate different subtypes of nPTCLs. Further studies with larger series of patients should confirm our findings.
Comparison Between Covid-19 Scenarios in India and Other Large-Population Regions
Authors: Yarlagadda Sudhakar , Kar Satyaki
Published: April 2020

We analyze the Covid-19 scenario in India and compare it with those in other large-population regions such as Asia-excluding-China, Africa, European Union, South America, and USA. We compare existing fatality data and offer an interpretation based on inherent immunity and climate in various regions. We also present an India-specific strategy of releasing low vulnerability group from the lockdown and estimate the time required to attain herd immunity. Whatever optimism we present should be viewed as a guarded optimism. There should not be room for complacency.
Dynamics of Cohomological Expanding Mappings I: First and Second Main Results
Authors: Azonnahin Armand
Published: April 2020

Let $f:V\rightarrow V $ be a Cohomological Expanding Mapping1 of a smooth complex compact homogeneous manifold with dimC(V) = k ≥ 1 and Kodaira Dimension $\leq 0$. We study the dynamics of such mapping from a probabilistic point of view, that is, we describe the asymptotic behavior of the orbit $ O_{f} (x) = \{f^{n} (x), n \in \mathbb{N} \quad \mbox{or}\quad \mathbb{Z}\}$ of a generic point. Using pluripotential methods, we construct a natural invariant canonical probability measure of maximum Cohomological Entropy $ \mu_{f} $ such that ${\chi_{2l}^{-m}} (f^m)^\ast \Omega \to \mu_f \qquad \mbox{as} \quad m\to\infty$ for each smooth probability measure $\Omega $ on V . Then we study the main stochastic properties of $ \mu_{f}$ and show that $ \mu_{f}$ is a measure of equilibrium, smooth, ergodic, mixing, K-mixing, exponential-mixing and the unique measure with maximum Cohomological Entropy. We also conjectured that $\mu_f:=T_l^+ \wedge T_{k-l}^-$, $\dim_\H(\mu_f)= \Psi h_{\chi}(f) $ and $\dim_\H( \mbox{Supp} T_l^+) \geq 2(k-l) + \frac{\log \chi_{2l}}{\psi_l}.$
Intermolecular Binding of Functional Cyclic Compounds to RNA Nucleotides by an Ionic Process
Authors: Schaper Charles
Published: April 2020

Exogenous RNA comprises the genetic material associated with several diseases which require immediate treatment, and thus mechanisms to hinder intracellular translation and reproduction of RNA viral agents are of great importance. Applying recent developments from this lab in methods relating to the interaction of DNA with steroid hormones, cyclic compounds are presented for intermolecular binding to nucleic acids. The requirements to achieve binding with RNA nucleotide pairs are described, which involve at a minimum functional elements positioned to interact with the lateral phosphate groups for each of the RNA strands through coupling with a positively charged ion, such as Mg2+, Ca2+, or Zn2+ ions; and an intermolecular hydrogen bond with the oxygen element of uracil at the carbon two location. Additional features of the binding molecules are examined for enhancements and differentiation in binding capability and include aromatic groups that have both a structural role of steric hindrance and a functional role to stabilize the binding mechanisms. Several categories of cyclic compounds are associated to have specific binding capabilities, and the interaction of these structures with potential receptor molecules are evaluated for assessment in delivery and binding of the compound to nucleic acids.
A snapshot on COVID-19: A review
Authors: Mamun Mahfuz Al , Mannoor Kaiissar , Shirin Tahmina , Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Qadri Firdausi , Ren Lili , Wang Jianwei
Published: April 2020

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in China in December 2019 has turned into a global pandemic through continued spread beyond borders. This review was aimed to extract up-to-date information on the evolution, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 to fight against this common enemy. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were the sources of literature; whereas CDC, WHO and Worldometer provided updated information. Bats served as the reservoirs of this virus while pangolin is believed as an intermediate host to transmit the virus to humans. Direct human-to-human and indirect transmissions were involved. Major clinical manifestations included fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production and shortness of breath. Chest radiographs mostly showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. Aged patients and patients with comorbidities had higher case fatality ratios. Critical cases were vulnerable to develop pneumonia, multi-organ failure and deaths. Overall situation in China has improved substantially. The European region and region of the Americas were the worst hit out of six WHO global regions. PCR based methods are used for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Severe/critical cases essentially require supportive or intensive cares. Avoiding exposure to COVID-19 is the best way to prevent the disease. Thus, this review provides a snapshot on COVID-19.
A Comprehensive Review of Sugarcane
Authors: Ullah Hayat , Ullah Asad , Khan Muhammad Waseem , Lateef Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Sugarcane is an important industrial crop of semitropical and tropical areas. Due to the importance of this crop it is cultivated on nearly 20 million hectares by more than 90 countries. This crop belongs to family Poaceae, a grass family which is economically vital tracheophyte family that has properties much like that of wheat, maize, rice and sorghum. The Poaceae family is globally vital for providing dietary macromolecules, carbohydrates, and different nutrients. The most important item of sugarcane for the consumption is sucrose that gets accumulated in the stalk internodes. Sucrose is taken out and refined by different mills which is used as a sweetener in human food industries and in the fermentation industry. Large production of alcohol is attained by Brazilian sugarcane industries.
The Nexus Impacts of the COVID-19: A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Bahri Muhamad
Published: May 2020

The world has been highly impacted by the COVID-19 as the virus has spread to all continents – about 200 countries in total. The latest update claims about 4,000,000 confirmed cases and about 300,000 confirmed deaths owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. This probably makes the COVID-19 as the most dangerous contagious disease in the era 2000s. Apart from massive publications on this topic, there is no available qualitative analysis that describes the dynamic spreads of the COVID-19 and its impacts on healthcare and the economy. Through the system archetypes analysis, this paper explains that the dynamic spread of the COVID-19 consists of the limits to growth and the success to successful structures. The limits to growth elucidates that more symptomatic and asymptomatic patients owing to infected droplets may be bounded by self-healing and isolated treatments. The success to successful structure explains that once the COVID-19 affects the economy through the lockdown, there will be a limited fund to support the government aids and the aggregate demand. In overall, this paper gives readers simplified holistic insights into understanding the dynamic spread of the COVID-19.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA MULTIREPRESENTASI BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATERI DINAMIKA ROTASI DAN KESETIMBANGAN BENDA TEGAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA KELAS XI
Authors: Handayani Ratih Astuti , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: April 2020

Hasil TIMSS menunjukkan kemampuan penalaran siswa Indonesia yang merupakan ciri berpikir kritis memiliki rata-rata paling rendah diantara domain pengetahuan dan penerapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) karakteristik modul fisika multirepresentasi berbasis PBL pada materi dinamika rotasi dan kesetimbangan benda tegar untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis; (2) kelayakan modul fisika multirepresentasi berbasis PBL pada materi dinamika rotasi dan kesetimbangan benda tegar; (3) efektivitas modul fisika multirepresentasi berbasis PBL untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah R&D dengan model 4-D yang terdiri dari : (1) define (pendefinisian), (2) design (perancangan), (3) develop (pengembangan), (4) disseminate (penyebaran). Modul disusun dengan tahapan PBL yaitu merumuskan masalah, merumuskan hipotesis, mengumpulkan data, menguji hipotesis, dan merumuskan kesimpulan. Pengembangan modul meliputi proses validasi kelayakan modul, revisi modul, dan implementasi modul multirepresentasi berbasis PBL di kelas XI SMAN 3 Sukoharjo. Analisis data yang digunakan selama penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif berdasarkan skor kriteria dan analisis peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa menggunakan nilai gain.. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut: (1) karakteristik modul fisika yang dikembangkan memuat tahapan berbasis PBL pada setiap kegiatan belajar disertai dengan komponen indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis. Modul diengkapi dengan penyampaian konsep dalam representasi verbal, gambar, diagram bebas dan matematis; (2) modul dikategorikan layak berdasarkan ahli materi, ahli media, ahli bahasa, guru fisika, dan peer review yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata 88,64 lebih besar dari nilai minum kelayakan 88,44. Serta didukung dengan respon dari siswa dengan kategori baik dan hasil disseminate yang mengkategorikan modul sangat baik; (3) keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa setelah menggunakan modul fisika multirepresentasi berbasis PBL mengalami peningkatan dalam kategori sedang dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,49.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL IPA BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL MATERI KALOR DAN PERPINDAHANNYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK SMP KELAS VII
Authors: Darmawati Siti , Ashadi Ashadi , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: April 2020

Kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik belum optimal dan media cetak yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran belum mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul IPA dan mendeskripsikan karakteristik, kelayakan serta keefektifan modul IPA berbasis kontekstual materi kalor dan perpindahannya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMP kelas VII. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Weru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pengembangan, yang mengacu pada model pengembangan Borg dan Gall yaitu: 1) analisis kebutuhan; 2) perencanaan; 3) pengembangan produk; 4) uji coba tahap awal; 5) revisi produk; 6) uji coba lapangan utama; dan 7) revisi produk. Uji coba lapangan dilakukan menggunakan pre-experimental design jenis one-shot case study. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) modul IPA berbasis kontekstual memiliki karakteristik yaitu memuat langkah pembelajaran berbasis kontekstual yang diintegrasikan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada setiap tahapnya, masing-masing kegiatan belajar terdiri atas satu kompetensi dasar dan modul IPA berbasis kontekstual bersifat self instruction; (2) modul IPA berbasis kontekstual termasuk kategori layak karena telah melalui uji kelayakan dari ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli bahasa dengan nilai 3,74 kategori sangat baik, praktisi pendidikan dan teman sejawat dengan nilai 3,22 kategori baik, serta melalui tahap uji coba produk dan revisi; (3) modul IPA berbasis kontekstual efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba lapangan utama bahwa modul IPA berbasis kontekstual dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar IPA pada materi kalor dan perpindahannya di SMP kelas VII.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL KIMIA BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING DISERTAI AYAT-AYAT AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS PADA MATERI REDUKSI-OKSIDASI UNTUK KELAS X SEMESTER 2 DI SMK BATUR JAYA I CEPER KLATEN
Authors: Kristanti Wulan Widya
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini bermula dari minimnya jumlah sumber belajar kimia untuk siswa SMK, adanya dikotomi ilmu pengetahuan dan agama serta model pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru yang identik dengan ceramah, belum adanya modul yang disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits, dan Hasil ulangan harian yang belum memenuhi KKM pada materi reduksi-oksidasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk: (1) Pengembangan produk modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits pada materi reduksi-oksidasi, (2) Mengetahui kelayakan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits pada materi reduksi-oksidasi, (3) Mengetahui keefektifan keterterapan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits pada materi reduksi-oksidasi. Produk yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits pada materi reduksi-oksidasi. Spesifikasi modul kimia berbentuk media cetak sebagai implementasi kurikulum 2013 berbasis kompetensi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMK Batur Jaya I Ceper, Klaten. Sampel terdiri dari satu kelas pengguna modul dan satu kelas kontrol yang dipilih secara teknik random sampling. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan rumus Kuder Richardson. Sedangkan untuk validitas isi, digunakan formula Aiken. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualitatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu; Pertama, Pengembangan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits dilakukan dengan menggunakan langkah pengembangan yang kemukakan oleh Borg & Gall (1983) sampai pada tahap ke sembilan. Kedua,  Pengembangan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits dapat dikatakan “sangat baik” ditinjau dari aspek materi 96,42%,  media 92,41%, bahasa 96,64% dan kegrafisan 98,08%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan dikatakan “sangat baik”untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia. Ketiga, Pengembangan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang disertai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadits yang dikembangkan efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar para siswa. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar menggunakan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing lebih baik dari pembelajaran konvensional.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL IPA BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING DENGAN TEMA SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMP KELAS VIII
Authors: Wiyoko Tri , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan  modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan tema sistem gerak manusia; (2) menguji kelayakan modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan tema sistem gerak manusia; (3) menguji keefektifan modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan tema sistem gerak manusia untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian pengembangan modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan model 4-D yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan yaitu Define, Design, Development, dan Dessemination. Modul dinilai berdasarkan kelayakan materi, kelayakan bahasa, kelayakan penyajian dan kegrafikan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket analisis kebutuhan, lembar validasi, dan angket penyebaran (disseminate). Modul diujicobakan terbatas  untuk 9 siswa dan uji coba lapangan 20 siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Surakarta. analisis uji keefektifan modul menggunakan Uji-t Independent Samples Test dan  tahap penyebaran menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian: (1) modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik yaitu langkah pembelajaran pada modul disesuaikan dengan langkah pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan mengaitkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. (2) Kelayakan modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing berdasarkan hasil penilaian ahli (materi, bahasa, kegrafikan dan penyajian) praktisi pendidikan, dan teman sejawat menunjukkan bahwa penilaian rata-rata modul guru lebih besar dari nilai cut off Score (94,03 > 93,40 ) dengan kategori sangat baik. Kemudian penilaian modul siswa dihasilkan rata-rata nilai cut off Score (89,21> 88,21) dengan kategori sangat baik, serta hasil disseminate modul guru diperoleh persentase rata-rata 80,25% dengan kategori baik. (3) Modul IPA berbasis inkuiri terbimbing efektif meningkatkan kemampauan berpikir kritis siswa yang berdasarkan perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan nilai taraf siginikansinya ( p < 0,005; 0,002< 0,005).
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS INTERACTIVE DEMONSTRATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA SMA/MA PADA MATERI MEKANIKA FLUIDA
Authors: Sulistyo Prihantoro Eko , Suparmi Suparmi , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: April 2020

Hasil daya serap UN 2014 pada materi mekanika fluida di kota Surakarta masih rendah dibandingkan dengan ditingkat provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik modul Fisika berbasis interactive demonstration; (2) mengetahui kelayakan modul Fisika berbasis interactive demonstration; (3) mengetahui efektivitas modul Fisika berbasis interactive demonstration dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penguasaan konsep siswa. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunkan model Borg and Gall yang dirangkum oleh Tim Puslitjaknov (2008). Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis modul, mengembangkan draf modul awal, validasi modul, uji coba terbatas dan revisi, uji coba lapangan dan revisi, dan diseminasi. Modul Fisika dengan materi mekanika fluida ini disusun dengan tahapan Interactive Demonstration menurut Sokoloff & Thornton yang terdiri dari demonstrasi awal, prediksi individu, prediksi kelompok, prediksi kelas, prediksi akhir, demonstrasi hasil, dan konfirmasi. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah angket, lembar observasi, lembar validasi, dan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, kualitatif, cut off dan N-Gain. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut: (1) karakteristik dari modul Fisika yang dikembangkan ini adalah adanya kegiatan yang menekankan penemuan konsep  melalui demonstrasi interaktif. Selain itu terdapat tahapan pembelajaran berbasis interactive demonstration yang dapat memunculkan keterampilan berpikir kritis; (2) modul ini layak berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, ahli bahasa, guru Fisika, dan peer review yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata 82,13% lebih besar dari nilai cut off  80,35%. Serta didukung dengan respon dari siswa dengan nilai 94,3% di atas nilai cut off  89,5% dan hasil penyebaran dengan nilai 22,9% di atas nilai cut off 22,5% ; (3) modul Fisika berbasis interactive demonstration dinilai efektif karena mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,39 dalam kategori sedang dan peningkatan penguasaan konsep siswa dengan N-Gain  sebesar 0,45 pada materi fuida statis dan 0,35 untuk fluida dinamis.
PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE RECIPROCAL TEACHING (RT) DAN PROBLEM POSING (PP) DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KEMAMPUAN VERBAL
Authors: Dewi Arista Novia , Ashadi Ashadi , Mulyani Sri
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran kimia menggunakan metode PP dan RT, kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan verbal dan interaksinya terhadap prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, populasinya terdiri dari semua siswa kelas XI IPA SMA N 1 Nguter. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Kelas XI IPA 1 diberikan pembelajaran dengan metode RT, sedangkan XI IPA 2 diberikan pembelajaran dengan metode PP. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes untuk prestasi kognitif, kemampuan verbal dan kemampuan berpikir kritis, bservasi untuk prestasi belajar psikomotor serta angket untuk prestasi belajar afektif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis non parametrik Kruskal Wallis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh pembelajaran kimia menggunakan metode Probem Posing dan RT baik  prestasi ranah kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. (2) Ada pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi afektif, tetapi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap prestasi kognitif dan psikomotor. (3) Ada pengaruh kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif dan psikomotor, tetapi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap prestasi afektif. (4) Ada interaksi antara metode pembelajaran PP dan RT dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi kognitif, afektif, dan pikomotor. (5) Ada interaksi antara metode pembelajaran PP dan RT dengan kemampuan verbal tinggi, rendah terhadap prestasi kognitif, afektif maupun psikomotor. (6) Ada interaksi antara kemampuan verbal  dan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi kognitif dan afektif. Tetapi, tidak ada interksi pada prestasi psikomotor. (7) Ada interaksi antara metode PP dan RT dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING USING SURVEY PADA MATERI FUNGI SMA KELAS X MIPA
Authors: Setyowati Rini , Sajidan Sajidan , Karyanto Puguh
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu untuk mengetahui : 1) Karakteristik  model Discovery Learning Using Survey pada materi jamur di SMA Negeri I Jogorogo Ngawi, 2) Kelayakan model Discovery Learning Using Survey pada materi jamur di SMA Negeri I Jogorogo, 3) Kefektifan model Discovery Learning Using Survey terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMA Negeri I Jogorogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research And Development (R & D) mengacu pada model Borg &Gall yang telah dimodifikasi. Kelayakan model divalidasi oleh ahli model,  ahli materi, dan guru biologi (praktisi). Subjek uji coba pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA dengan rincian 23 research and information collection, 15 siswa untuk tahap main field testing dan 57 siswa untuk tahap operasional field testing. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan : 1) Karakteristik model Discovery Learning Using Survey dilakukan dengan memperhatikan karakteristik dari model yaitu adanya sintaks, sistem sosial, sistem pendukung, peran siswa, peran guru, dampak instruksional, dan dampak pengiring, 2) hasil pengembangan model Discovery Learning Using Survey layak untuk diterapkan pada materi fungi. Kelayakan model Discovery Learning Using Survey berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli, praktisi, dan respon siswa yang secara keseluruhan memberikan kategori sangat baik pada produk pengembangan dan layak digunakan di SMA Negeri I Jogorogo, 3) model Discovery Learning Using Survey sangat efektif serta mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari rerata hasil belajar antara kelas baseline dengan kelas uji coba dengan penggunaan model Discovery Learning Using Survey lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelas baseline yang menggunakan model ceramah bervariasi.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN THREE-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE (Three- TMC) UNTUK MENGUKUR KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI KIMIA LARUTAN PENYANGGA KELAS XI SMA
Authors: Rosyana Wiad , Ashadi Ashadi , Mulyani Sri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC dengan kriteria baik ditinjau dari validitas, reliabilitas, analisis kualitas butir soal, dan analisis pengecoh serta mengembangkan instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC menjadi instrumen penilaian yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alat ukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian pengembangan instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC ini menggunakan prosedur Borg and Gall. Validasi instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC ini menggunakan rumus Aiken dengan 8 validator. Teknik penskoran yang digunakan merupakan penskoran yang bersifat politomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC yang telah dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori yang baik ditinjau dari segi validitasnya yang lebih dari 0,75 dan dikatakan valid; reliabilitasnya termasuk dalam sedang, daya pembedanya tidak ada yang bernilai negatif dengan persentase jelek 8,89%, cukup baik 20%, baik 24,44%, sangat baik 46,67%; soal yang memiliki tingkat kesukaran mudah dan sukar tidak mendominasi dengan persentase soal mudah 15,56%, sedang 73,33%, sukar 11,11%; dan semua pengecoh berfungsi dengan baik yang ditunjukkan tidak adanya nilai indeks pengecoh 0,000; serta instrumen penilaian Three-Tier MC yang telah dikembangkan pada materi larutan penyangga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN TESTLET UNTUK MENGUKUR KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI PADA MATERI ELEKTROKIMIA
Authors: Damayanti Indah , Masykuri Mohammad , Yamtinah Sri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian testlet yang memiliki validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda dan indeks pengecoh yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai suatu soal yang baik juga untuk mengembangkan instrumen testlet pada materi elektrokimia, menjadi instrumen penilaian yang mampu mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Pengembangan instrumen penilaian dalam bentuk testlet ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang terdiri dari 10 tahap. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK SMTI Yogyakarta, SMK SMAK Bogor, SMK SMAK Padang, dan SMK SMAK Makassar dengan jumlah responden siswa sebanyak 96 orang. Validasi instrumen penilaian testlet ini menggunakan metode Aiken dengan 7 orang validator ahli. Metode penilaian pada instrumen testlet ini menggunakan metode Graded Response Model (GRM). Hasil penelitian ini adalah instrumen penilaian testlet yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak dan memenuhi kriteria sebagai suatu soal yang baik dengan validitas soal lebih dari 0,76 (valid) dan memiliki reliabilitas tes pada uji coba lapangan utama 0,889 yang tergolong tinggi, memiliki daya pembeda dengan presentase 30,56% cukup dan 38,88% baik dan 30,56 baik sekali . Instrumen penilaian testlet ini memiliki tingkat kesukaran dengan presentase 133,88% sukar; 63,89% sedang; 16,67% mudah; dan 5,56% sangat mudah. Instrumen penilaian testlet yang dikembangkan mampu mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa dengan persentase kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis sebesar 61,15%; mengevaluasi 52,50%; mengkreasi 34,25%; berpikir kritis 42,50%; dan bernalar logis 37,25%.
EFEK KOMBINASI YAKULT DAN TAPIOKA PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN TEMPE TERHADAP KETAHANAN TEMPE DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS SETS DI KELAS X SMA TUNAS PATRIA UNGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Rahayu Sarini
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang 1) Bagaimana daya simpan tempe dengan pemberian yakult dan tapioka .2) Bagaimana jamur kapang terdapat dalam tempe. 3) Untuk mengetahui kualitas hasil belajar siswa tentang materi fungi dengan menggunakan E LKS berbasis SETS pada materi fungi di kelas X SMA TUNAS PATRIA UNGARAN. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh lama simpan tempe yang paling bagus pada penemabahan yakult 20 % dan tapioka 0,8 % P2 B2 dengan lama simpan umur tempe pada hari ke enam. Kesukaan masyrakat terhadap rasa atau aroma khas  tempe dapat diuji dengan organoleptik selain aroma dapat diketahui kekompakan dan warna. Aroma khas tempe dapat diketahui dengan nilai tertinggi pada penambahan yakult dan tapioka P1 B2 dan P2 B2 sebanyak 90 dan 91 total keseluruhan dengan rata rata sangat suka. kesukaan masyarakat pada aroma tempe kedelai pada K1B1, K1B2, kedelai dan ragi, P1 B1, P1B2 kedelai ragi, dan yakul ,P2 B1, P2B2 Kedelai ,ragi dan tapioka P3 B1, P3B2 kedelai, ragi yakul dan tapioka dari hari perta sampai hari ke 4 dan hari kelima dan selanjutnya sudah tercium aroma amoniak. Kekompakkan pada tempe dapat dilihat K1B1, K1B2, kedelai dan ragi, P1 B1, P1B2 kedelai ragi, dan yakul ,P2 B1, P2B2 Kedelai ,ragi dan tapioka P3 B1, P3B2 kedelai, ragi yakul dan tapioka dari hari pertama sampai hari ke 7 dan hari ketujuh dan selanjutnya sudah tidak terlihat kompak meselium tidak menyebar dipermukaan tempe warna pada tempe dapat dilihat K1B1, K1B2, kedelai dan ragi, P1 B1, P1B2 kedelai ragi, dan yakul ,P2 B1, P2B2 Kedelai ,ragi dan tapioka P3 B1, P3B2 kedelai, ragi yakul dan tapioka berwarna putih pada hari 2 sampai hari ke 5 dan hari ke 6 selanjutnya berwarna coklat pada Implikasi pembelajaran dengan penerapan pendekatan Sains Teknologi Lingkungan dan Masyarakat (Salingtemas) pada pokok bahasan fungi di kelas X IPA SMA TUNAS PATRIA UNGARAN Kabupaten Semarang pada pertemuan II aspek afektif adalah 82,35% , dengan ketuntasan klasikal adalah 88%, psikomotorik adalah 80,17% dengan ketuntasan klasikal 94%,aspek kognitif adalah 78,72%, dengan ketuntasan klasikal 88%.
New Concealed-Incision Extrapelvic Approach for Pubic Symphysis Diastasis and Parasymphyseal Fractures
Authors: Liu Songxiang , Xiao Baojun , Liu Ping , Wei Youxiu , Liu Yongwei , Fu Dehao
Published: April 2020

Background:

The Pfannenstiel approach, which provides good surgical exposure, has been used for the treatment of pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures. However, it requires a medium-length incision and moderate soft-tissue dissection, resulting in potential damage to anatomical structures and inferior aesthetic outcomes. Here, we introduce a new concealed-incision extrapelvic approach for the internal fixation of pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 8 patients with pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures that had been treated via the concealed-incision extrapelvic approach (the “Fu-Liu” approach). All patients presented for treatment during the period from January 2017 to November 2017. Six of the 8 patients had anterior column fractures, 1 patient had a double-column fracture, and 1 patient had parasymphyseal fractures. Operative time, the amount of blood loss, and postoperative radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings were recorded. The degree of fracture-healing, complications, function, and satisfaction with the skin incisions were also evaluated.

Results:

All patients were followed for at least 21 months (range, 21 to 30 months). Postoperative radiographs and CT scans showed good positioning of plates and screws. The average time before surgery, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss (and standard deviation) were 7.8 ± 3.25 days, 41.9 ± 8.99 minutes, and 18.8 ± 7.8 mL, respectively. No complications (including internal fixation failure, vascular injury, nerve palsy, wound infection, and hernia) occurred in any of the patients, and all patients were satisfied with the appearance of the scar.

Conclusions:

We can effectively stabilize pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures with use of the Fu-Liu approach, which can also enable retrograde anterior column screw placement. The Fu-Liu approach is simple, safe, and minimally invasive, and the aesthetic outcome is more acceptable than that associated with the Pfannenstiel approach.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate CD64 Expression on Blood Monocytes as an Indicator of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Qu Peng-Fei , Li Rui , Xu Chi , Chai Wei , Li Hao , Fu Jun , Chen Ji-Ying
Published: April 2020

Background:

The preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) depends on a series of blood biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that CD64 expression on blood neutrophils and monocytes has a good diagnostic efficacy for diagnosing systemic and local infections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of blood CD64 in the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods:

On the basis of estimations made before the study was performed, 62 patients were recruited for joint revision surgery following the failure of primary hip or knee replacement. Venous blood was obtained within 24 hours after patient admission, and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the CD64 expression of 3 groups of white blood cells (WBCs). CD64 expression was measured as CD64 mean fluorescence intensity (CD64MFI). The neutrophil CD64 index (nCD64 index; neutrophil CD64MFI [nCD64MFI]/lymphocyte CD64MFI [lCD64MFI]) and monocyte CD64 index (mCD64 index; monocyte CD64MFI [mCD64MFI]/lCD64MFI) were then calculated. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at admission, synovial fluid indicators, leukocyte esterase test results, intraoperative histological results, and tissue or synovial fluid culture results were recorded. According to the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, patients were divided into the PJI group and the non-PJI group. These blood indicators were then analyzed for the diagnosis of PJI.

Results:

The PJI group included 18 patients, and the non-PJI group included 44 patients. The diagnostic value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was low for lCD64MFI, the nCD64 index, and the mCD64 index. The diagnostic value for nCD64MFI was moderate, with an AUC of 0.735 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.595 to 0.874; p = 0.004). The diagnostic value for mCD64MFI was high, with an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI, 0.821 to 0.975; p < 0.001). The cutoff value for mCD64MFI was 28,968, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 1, 0.75, 0.62, and 1, respectively. This result was confirmed by internal validation with a different antibody.

Conclusions:

Flow cytometry can be used for patient screening before revision surgery, and blood mCD64MFI is a promising indicator for PJI.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
POST-MODERN REPRESENTATION IN CEROS AND BATAZOR NOVELS WRITTEN BY TERE LIYE: JEANS FRANCOIS LYOTARD POST-MODERNISM
Authors: Alfadlilah Muna
Published: May 2020

Literature work is a notion which results a masterpiece with certain characteristics and it has aesthetics value. Understanding and enjoying literature work requires literature theoretical understanding. Literature theory explains to readers which will lead to a certain understanding or theory in a phenomenon consisted in it. This research aims to describe post-modern cultural aspects based on Jhon Francois Lyotard's theory in a novel written by Tere Liye, Ceros and Batazor edition. Tere Liye’s novel has data elaborating post-modernism aspects, such as electism, parody, pastiche, irony, and camp. The data source of this research is a novel written by Tere Liye, Ceros and Batazor edition. The data collection was done by reading and noting methods. This research was done by identifying, clarifying, analyzing, elaborating, and drawing in order to create conclusion within postmodern aspects in which represented social life as described in novel written by Tere Liye, Ceros and Batazor edition. The findings of Tere Liye’s novel describes fantasy and adventure words mixed in human lives and activities. They describe postmodern elements through several aspects. The research in Tere Liye’s novel, one of them is electism in which its behavior combines local and foreign cultures both from language or foreign good aspects. The parody element is uttered as criticism to describe or quip certain behaviors or activities done by society. Meanwhile, pastiche, in the novel is an event lasting as principles stated in the novel. Irony is a description of an unexpected occurred event or destiny. Camp in the novel is an emphasis on the characters’ behaviors which result to interpretation.