bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Nursing Students’ Prevalence of Nomophobia, and Psychological Alienation and Their Correlates With Fear of Missing Out: A Multisites Survey
Authors: Gaber Hamzaa Huda , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Elghareap Hassan Elmetwally Omar Mai , Reda Fathy Abdel Majeed Machaly Eslam , Mohamed Amin Shaimaa , Mohamed Ibrahim Wahba Nadia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Smartphones have significantly increased digital engagement among young people due to their ease of use and constant internet access. Nomophobia and the fear of missing out are associated with mobile and internet use, potentially impacting students’ mental health and academic performance.

Objectives

To provide the prevalence of nomophobia and fear of missing out while shedding light on the role of psychological alienation between them.

Methods

A multisite descriptive correlational study was conducted among 1,273 undergraduate nursing students at six Egyptian universities: North Sinai, South Sinai, Port-Said, Suez Canal, Suez, and Damanhur University, Egypt. From June 2023 to November 15, 2023, the students were surveyed using questionnaires on nomophobia, fear of missing out, and psychological alienation.

Results

Nursing students experienced moderate to severe levels of nomophobia (37.4%–45.3%) and psychological alienation (45.8%–55.4%). There was a significant positive correlation between nomophobia and fear of missing out ( r = .908, p < .001), as well as between nomophobia and psychological alienation ( r = .377, p < .001). Psychological alienation was also found to mediate the relationship between fear of missing out and nomophobia, with the indirect effect being statistically significant (indirect effect = 1.000; p < .001).

Conclusion

The study highlights the significant prevalence of nomophobia and psychological alienation among nursing students. The findings underscore the complex interplay between digital connectivity issues, psychological disconnection, and the fear of missing out. In addition, findings suggest that psychological alienation plays a crucial role in how fear of missing out impacts nomophobia among nursing students.
Impact of Joint Line Level in Total Ankle Arthroplasty: Standard Techniques vs Patient-Specific Instruments
Authors: Arceri Alberto , Mazzotti Antonio , Sgubbi Federico , Zielli Simone O. , Artioli Elena , Langone Laura , Abdi Pejman , Faldini Cesare
Published: December 2024

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an effective treatment for severe end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (AO). Despite satisfactory results, range of motion (ROM) is still suboptimal compared to healthy ankles. This issue may stem from different conditions, and the difficulty in accurately restoring the height of the joint line may be one of them. Recent studies in TAA have demonstrated that an elevated joint line is associated with reduced postoperative ROM and poorer functional scores. To improve the accuracy of bone resection and implant positioning, the use of patient-specific instruments (PSIs) has been proposed. The aim of this study is to compare joint line height, ROM, and functional clinical outcomes between standard TAA and TAA using PSI.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent standard TAA and TAA with PSI between January 2020 and December 2022. Radiographic assessments, including measurement of joint line height ratio (JLHR) and ROM, were performed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Forgotten Joint Score.

Result:

Fifty-one patients underwent standard TAA, whereas 13 received TAA with PSI. The mean JLHR preoperatively was 1.51 ± 0.24 and postoperatively was 1.56 ± 0.23 in the standard TAA group ( P = .056). Conversely, the mean JLHR of PSI TAA group passed from 1.52 ± 0.19 to 1.41 ± 0.21 after TAA ( P < .05). Although the postoperative joint line level in the PSI TAA group was lower compared with both the preoperative levels and the postoperative standard TAA group ( P < .05), no significant differences were observed in ROM or clinical outcome scores at the mean 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that PSI may improve the accuracy of reestablishing this implant’s alignment closer to the native joint line. However, contrary to the study’s initial hypothesis, PSI was not associated with any difference in ROM or clinical outcomes compared with standard TAA technique. Additional factors including the prosthetic implant design, presence of heterotopic calcifications, soft tissue contracture, surgical technique, post-TAA tibial slope, and preoperative ROM may have a greater impact than joint line level.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Artificial intelligence for chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies: a comprehensive review of current applications and future perspectives
Authors: Shahzadi Muqadas , Rafique Hamad , Waheed Ahmad , Naz Hina , Waheed Atifa , Zokirova Feruza Ravshanovna , Khan Humera
Published: December 2024

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapies’ design, production, and delivery is a novel and promising approach. This review provides an overview of the current applications and challenges of AI for CAR-based therapies and suggests some directions for future research and development. This paper examines some of the recent advances of AI for CAR-based therapies, for example, using deep learning (DL) to design CARs that target multiple antigens and avoid antigen escape; using natural language processing to extract relevant information from clinical reports and literature; using computer vision to analyze the morphology and phenotype of CAR cells; using reinforcement learning to optimize the dose and schedule of CAR infusion; and using AI to predict the efficacy and toxicity of CAR-based therapies. These applications demonstrate the potential of AI to improve the quality and efficiency of CAR-based therapies and to provide personalized and precise treatments for cancer patients. However, there are also some challenges and limitations of using AI for CAR-based therapies, for example, the lack of high-quality and standardized data; the need for validation and verification of AI models; the risk of bias and error in AI outputs; the ethical, legal, and social issues of using AI for health care; and the possible impact of AI on the human role and responsibility in cancer immunotherapy. It is important to establish a multidisciplinary collaboration among researchers, clinicians, regulators, and patients to address these challenges and to ensure the safe and responsible use of AI for CAR-based therapies.
Development of a child and family centred outcome measure for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: progress to date on the Children’s Palliative Care Outcome Scale (C-POS:UK)
Authors: Braybrook Debbie , Coombes Lucy , Harðardóttir Daney , Scott Hannah M. , Bristowe Katherine , Ellis-Smith Clare , Roach Anna , Ramsenthaler Christina , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Downing Julia , Murtagh Fliss E. M. , Fraser Lorna K. , Harding Richard
Published: December 2024

Background:

Development of a paediatric palliative care child and family centred outcome measure is a priority for health care professionals, researchers and advocates. It is methodologically challenging to develop a measure relevant for such a heterogenous population with complex needs. Involving children in measuring development is vital.

Objective:

To develop C-POS:UK (Children’s Palliative Care Outcome Scale, UK), a person-centred outcome measure (PCOM) for children with life-limiting conditions and their families, and to test its psychometric properties.

Design:

Sequential mixed-methods approach to PCOM development, guided by Rothrock’s measure development process and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology.

Methods:

(i) Qualitative interviews about priority symptoms and concerns, with embedded exploration of measure design for children with life-limiting conditions; (ii) systematic review of measure design for children; (iii) modified Delphi survey, and consultation with children, on priority items for new measure; (iv) expert item generation meeting to develop C-POS:UK; (v) cognitive testing to refine C-POS:UK; (vi) psychometric validation.

Results:

(i) 106 participants described physical, emotional/psychological, spiritual/existential, social and practical concerns. Measure design was discussed by 79 participants comprising preferred response format, recall period and measure administration for children with life-limiting conditions; (ii) systematic review highlighted need for: different versions of measure accounting for child’s developmental stage and cognitive ability; parent/carer involvement as proxies for very young children; and testing to clarify recall periods and response formats at different developmental stages; (iii) Delphi survey: 82 participants (in the first round), with a move towards consensus, but with some differing priorities in stakeholder groups: professionals prioritised physical symptoms, parents prioritised psychosocial and practical matters, while consulted children prioritised normality; (iv) 22 experts contributed to item generation meeting, resulting in five versions of C-POS:UK accounting for child’s developmental stage and cognitive ability, and proxy involvement; (v) 48 participants cognitively tested initial C-POS:UK, informing comprehension, comprehensiveness and acceptability; (vi) psychometric validation is ongoing.

Conclusion:

A sequential approach informed by Rothrock and COSMIN has supported development of the first version of C-POS:UK. Psychometric validation is underway and will be followed by implementation planning.
Advancing rare disease measurement through the Rare Disease Clinical Outcome Assessment Consortium
Authors: Knoble Naomi , Murray Lindsey T.
Published: December 2024

There is a significant unmet need to develop and evaluate new treatments for people living with one of approximately 8000 rare diseases. Well-known difficulties in conducting clinical trials (e.g., small samples, wide geographic distribution, heterogeneous symptoms) and developing products for these rare indications persist. Identifying outcomes in rare disease clinical trials remains a hurdle that contributes to the challenges for drug and gene therapy development due to uncertainty about what aspects of a condition to measure for safety and efficacy and often with no regulatory approval precedent. To accelerate rare disease treatments by advancing outcomes measurement, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) funded a cooperative agreement to establish the Rare Disease COA Consortium (RD-COAC) in 2019. The RD-COAC officially launched on January 1, 2022, with the mission to enable pre-competitive, multi-stakeholder collaboration aimed at identifying scientifically sound tools and methodologies for collecting clinically meaningful and patient-centric outcomes data in treatment trials for rare diseases. The RD-COAC has four complementary workstreams to advance COA measurement for rare disease clinical trials: (1) Rare Disease COA Resource; (2) Advancing COA Measurement Topic-Focused Working Groups; (3) Rare Disease Discussion Sessions for pre-competitive collaboration and shared learnings among RD-COAC members; and (4) Dissemination. This review provides an overview of the RD-COAC’s activities to date, as well as future directions and opportunities to collaborate.
Correlations between spectrum-based and other ground-motion intensity measures considering various damping ratios
Authors: Wang Mao-Xin , Li Dian-Qing , Du Wenqi
Published: December 2024

Spectral acceleration at a given period, SA( T), is usually combined with other intensity measures (IMs) for vector-valued ground-motion selection and seismic hazard assessment. The correlations between SA( T) and other IMs have been extensively studied, based on the SA-related IM pairs with a damping ratio ( ξ) of 5%. Yet, ξ varies notably with various types of structures. This article thus investigates the correlations of SA( T, ξ) with 10 commonly used non-SA IMs (e.g. Arias intensity), and the correlations of damping-specific acceleration spectrum, spectrum, and displacement spectrum intensities, namely ASI( ξ), SI( ξ), and DSI( ξ), with the other IMs. Comprehensive correlation analyses are conducted to derive the correlations for the IM pairs considered based on the NGA-West2 database and compatible ground-motion models. The results indicate that increasing ξ generally yields stronger correlations, and the difference between the ξ-specific and 5%-damped correlation coefficients could be larger than 0.2. The neural network and polynomial regressions are subsequently used to develop parametric models for estimating the correlations of SA( T, ξ)-containing pairs and the other IM pairs, respectively. All the models developed exhibit good performance in terms of predictive accuracy. The application of the proposed models is demonstrated within the generalized conditional IM approach. The models proposed could be useful for ground-motion selection and seismic demand or risk assessment for structures with various ξ values.
Minirhizotron measurements can supplement deep soil coring to evaluate root growth of winter wheat when certain pitfalls are avoided
Authors: Arnhold Jessica , Ispizua Yamati Facundo R. , Kage Henning , Mahlein Anne-Katrin , Koch Heinz-Josef , Grunwald Dennis
Published: December 2024

Background

Root growth is most commonly determined with the destructive soil core method, which is very labor-intensive and destroys the plants at the sampling spots. The alternative minirhizotron technique allows for root growth observation throughout the growing season at the same spot but necessitates a high-throughput image analysis for being labor- and cost-efficient. In this study, wheat root development in agronomically varied situations was monitored with minirhizotrons over the growing period in two years, paralleled by destructive samplings at two dates. The aims of this study were to (i) adapt an existing CNN-based segmentation method for wheat minirhizotron images, (ii) verify the results of minirhizotron measurements with root growth data obtained by the destructive soil core method, and (iii) investigate the effect of the presence of the minirhizotron tubes on root growth.

Results

The previously existing CNN could successfully be adapted for wheat root images. The minirhizotron technique seems to be more suitable for root growth observation in the subsoil, where a good agreement with destructively gathered data was found, while root length results in the topsoil were dissatisfactory in comparison to the soil core method in both years. The tube presence was found to affect root growth only if not installed with a good soil-tube contact which can be achieved by slurrying, i.e. filling gaps with a soil/water suspension.

Conclusions

Overall, the minirhizotron technique in combination with high-throughput image analysis seems to be an alternative and valuable technique for suitable research questions in root research targeting the subsoil.
Understanding immune system dysfunction and its context in mood disorders: psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and clinical interventions
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , Fraile-Martinez Oscar , García-Montero Cielo , Diaz-Pedrero Raul , Lopez-Gonzalez Laura , Monserrat Jorge , Barrena-Blázquez Silvestra , Alvarez-Mon Miguel Angel , Lahera Guillermo , Alvarez-Mon Melchor
Published: December 2024

Mood disorders include a set of psychiatric manifestations of increasing prevalence in our society, being mainly represented by major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The etiopathogenesis of mood disorders is extremely complex, with a wide spectrum of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors being responsible for their appearance and development. In this sense, immune system dysfunction represents a key mechanism in the onset and pathophysiology of mood disorders, worsening mainly the central nervous system (neuroinflammation) and the periphery of the body (systemic inflammation). However, these alterations cannot be understood separately, but as part of a complex picture in which different factors and systems interact with each other. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) is the area responsible for studying the relationship between these elements and the impact of mind–body integration, placing the immune system as part of a whole. Thus, the dysfunction of the immune system is capable of influencing and activating different mechanisms that promote disruption of the psyche, damage to the nervous system, alterations to the endocrine and metabolic systems, and disruption of the microbiota and intestinal ecosystem, as well as of other organs and, in turn, all these mechanisms are responsible for inducing and enhancing the immune dysfunction. Similarly, the clinical approach to these patients is usually multidisciplinary, and the therapeutic arsenal includes different pharmacological (for example, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and lithium) and non-pharmacological (i.e., psychotherapy, lifestyle, and electroconvulsive therapy) treatments. These interventions also modulate the immune system and other elements of the PNIE in these patients, which may be interesting to understand the therapeutic success or failure of these approaches. In this sense, this review aims to delve into the relationship between immune dysfunction and mood disorders and their integration in the complex context of PNIE. Likewise, an attempt will be made to explore the effects on the immune system of different strategies available in the clinical approach to these patients, in order to identify the mechanisms described and their possible uses as biomarkers.
Land use land cover (LULC) analysis in Nigeria: a systematic review of data, methods, and platforms with future prospects
Authors: Alegbeleye Okikiola Michael , Rotimi Yetunde Oladepe , Shomide Patricia , Oyediran Abiodun , Ogundipe Oluwadamilola , Akintunde-Alo Abiodun
Published: December 2024

Understanding land use and land cover (LULC) classification is critical for addressing environmental and human needs, particularly in developing countries. Nigeria is a developing country experiencing rapid population growth and economic development leading to increased LULC changes. While many studies have been done on LULC changes, there is a need for a comprehensive review of existing knowledge and limitations of LULC analyses in Nigeria. Hence, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, this review paper presents a systematic review of LULC analyses in Nigeria by examining the adopted remote sensing data, pre-classified global and regional LULC maps, and classification and validation methods. This paper draws attention to the significant growth in LULC studies and highlights a need for awareness and access to existing and readily available LULC data. This review provides a broad overview of LULC data, classification methods, focus, scale, and constraints associated with LULC analysis in Nigeria. Also, it provides probable solutions to the challenges and GEE-based LULC classification scripts. There is a need to create and prioritize a national LULC data repository to ensure sustainable land monitoring and management in Nigeria. This will facilitate the spatial and temporal assessment of LULC at different scales and regions. High-resolution imagery and advanced classification methods such as deep learning need to be adopted to ensure accurate land cover analysis at different scales. Also, increased awareness programs, collaboration, and capacity-building initiatives will be beneficial to addressing current and emerging challenges related to LULC studies in Nigeria.
Enabling per-file data recovery from ransomware attacks via file system forensics and flash translation layer data extraction
Authors: Dafoe Josh , Chen Niusen , Chen Bo , Wang Zhenlin
Published: December 2024

Ransomware attacks are increasingly prevalent in recent years. Crypto-ransomware corrupts files on an infected device and demands a ransom to recover them. In computing devices using flash memory storage (e.g., SSD, MicroSD, etc.), existing designs recover the compromised data by extracting the entire raw flash memory image, restoring the entire external storage to a good prior state. This is feasible through taking advantage of the out-of-place updates feature implemented in the flash translation layer (FTL). However, due to the lack of “file” semantics in the FTL, such a solution does not allow a fine-grained data recovery in terms of files. Considering the file-centric nature of ransomware attacks, recovering the entire disk is mostly unnecessary. In particular, the user may just wish a speedy recovery of certain critical files after a ransomware attack. In this work, we have designed $$\textsf{FFRecovery}$$
FFRecovery
, a new ransomware defense strategy that can support fine-grained per file data recovery after the ransomware attack. Our key idea is that, to restore a file corrupted by the ransomware, we (1) restore its file system metadata via file system forensics, and (2) extract its file data via raw data extraction from the FTL, and (3) assemble the corresponding file system metadata and the file data. Another essential aspect of $$\textsf{FFRecovery}$$
FFRecovery
is that we add a garbage collection delay and freeze mechanism into the FTL so that no raw data will be lost prior to the recovery and, additionally, the raw data needed for the recovery can be always located. A prototype of $$\textsf{FFRecovery}$$
FFRecovery
has been developed and our experiments using real-world ransomware samples demonstrate the effectiveness of $$\textsf{FFRecovery}$$
FFRecovery
. We also demonstrate that $$\textsf{FFRecovery}$$
FFRecovery
has negligible storage cost and performance impact.
Mesenteric Visceral Lipectomy Improves Glucose Tolerance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Baskoy Gozde , Peterson Richard M , Kempenich Jason , Triplitt Curtis , Brown Marissa , Clarke Geoffrey D , Cersosimo Eugenio , Andrew Mark S , Lavrynenko Olga , Chavez-Velazquez Alberto O , Hansis-Diarte Andrea , Salehi Marzieh , DeFronzo Ralph A
Published: December 2024

Context

Increased mesenteric visceral fat is associated with the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Using targeted cell separation and extraction technology (TC-SET), we examined the effect of removal of intra-abdominal fat, specifically small bowel mesenteric fat, on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in 7 individuals with obesity and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] = 8.9% ± 0.2%; fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 211 ± 12 mg/dL).

Results

At month 6, both HbA1c and FPG significantly declined to 7.7% (P = .01) and 140 mg/dL (P < .01). At month 12, both the FPG (172 mg/dL, P = .02) and HbA1c (8.1%, P = .10) tended to increase. Time in range (continuous glucose monitoring) increased from 22% to 74% (month 6, P < .001) and 50% (month 12, P < .05). Suppression of endogenous (hepatic) glucose production increased from 29% to 45% (P < .05) and to 43% (P < .01) at months 6 and 12, respectively; whole-body (muscle) insulin-mediated glucose disposal did not change significantly at months 6 and 12. Body weight (106.8 to 103.3 kg) and percent body fat (33.3 to 31.6%) both decreased slightly (P < .05) at month 12. Hepatic fat content (hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy) decreased significantly (23.9 ± 3.7 to 19.1 ± 3.4%, P < .005) at month 12. Insulin secretion and disposition index during oral glucose tolerance testing increased more than 2-fold at month 6 (both P < .05), and these improvements persisted at 12 months.

Conclusion

Mesenteric visceral lipectomy (MVL) shows potential as a novel, minimally invasive approach to improve glycemic control in patients with suboptimally controlled T2D, but further controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and better understand the potential benefits of MVL.
Potential Utility of Circulating MicroRNA-483 as a Biomarker for IGF-II–Associated Non–Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia
Authors: Okazaki-Hada Mikiko , Nagao Mototsugu , Asai Akira , Okada-Iwabu Miki , Hizuka Naomi , Eliasson Lena , Sugihara Hitoshi , Fukuda Izumi , Iwabu Masato
Published: December 2024

Context

In most cases of non–islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), high molecular weight forms of insulin-like growth factor II, commonly referred to as big IGF-II, cause hypoglycemia. MicroRNA-483 (miR-483), encoded within an intron of IGF2, has been suggested to be coexpressed with IGF-II.

Objective

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility and reliability of circulating miR-483 as a biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of NICTH.

Methods

Sera from 145 cases of suspected NICTH, and postoperative sera from 25 surgical cases of confirmed NICTH were subjected to Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IGF-II and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for miR-483-5p and -3p. Tissue miR-483 expression levels were compared between resected solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and their surrounding margins from 11 surgical cases.

Results

NICTH was confirmed in 100 out of 145 cases based on the detection of big IGF-II in their sera. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that serum miR-483-5p had a better diagnostic ability for NICTH than serum IGF-II or the classical diagnostic marker the IGF-II to IGF-I ratio. Notably, serum miR-483-5p levels decreased significantly with the disappearance of big IGF-II after surgical tumor resection. Tissue miRNA-483-5p and -3p expression levels were significantly higher in resected SFT tissues than in their surgical margins.

Conclusion

Circulating miR-483-5p, derived from IGF-II-producing tumors, appears to be a more reliable biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of NICTH than IGF-II or the IGF-II to IGF-I ratio. These findings highlight the clinical utility of miR-483-5p in the management of NICTH.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 With Adrenal Cortical Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A 25-Year Follow-Up and Family Report
Authors: Yang Mei , Li Sha , Zhong Xiao Wei
Published: December 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by neoplasia of the parathyroid, pancreatic islets, and anterior pituitary. In this report, we present a family case in which the proband was diagnosed with prolactinoma 25 years ago. During the current hospitalization, the patient was diagnosed with insulinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, and adrenocortical carcinoma. The final diagnosis was MEN1, confirmed by identifying a heterozygous mutation in the MEN1 gene through genetic testing. The proband's son also tested positive for the same MEN1 gene mutation, although he exhibited no clinical symptoms. MEN1 associated with adrenocortical carcinoma is exceptionally rare, carries a high malignancy risk, and has a poor prognosis. Genetic testing for the MEN1 gene is crucial for accurate diagnosis, while family screening is beneficial for early detection, timely treatment, and improving patient outcomes.
Clinical Decision-Making and Process Complications During Anticipated Difficult Airway Management for Elective Surgery
Authors: Yang Isabelle T. , Tung Avery , Flores Kelsey S. , Berenhaut Kenneth S. , Choi Jungbin A. , Bryan Yvon F.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Difficult airway management (DAM) is a challenging aspect of anesthetic care. Although nearly all DAM episodes result in successful intubation, complications are common and clinical decision-making may be complex. In adults with anticipated DAM scheduled for nonemergent surgery, we prospectively observed clinical decisions made during DAM such as awake/sedated versus anesthetized, choice of initial and subsequent devices, case cancellation/postponement, conversions between awake and anesthetized approaches, and process complications such as multiple intubation/supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion attempts, difficult bag-mask ventilation (BMV), hypoxemia, and cardiovascular destabilization.

METHODS:

From 2009 to 2014, we prospectively observed 1295 episodes of anticipated DAM in a convenience sample of 1245 adults scheduled for nonemergent surgery. Trained observers recorded airway management decisions and process complications during DAM. We described clinical decisions made during DAM and outcomes including number of attempts, need for BMV, hypoxemia, and cardiovascular destabilization.

RESULTS:

No cases were canceled/postponed for airway management failure and all intubations were eventually successful. Of the 1295 episodes of airway management in our study cohort, 166 (13%) were intubated awake. Patients intubated awake had more difficult airway indicators than those intubated anesthetized, their first-pass success rate was 49%, 30% required ≥3 attempts, 4% required a device change, 50% experienced hypoxemia, and 29% experienced cardiovascular destabilization. Among the 1129 patients intubated while anesthetized, first-pass success rate was 64% and 20% required ≥3 attempts, 11% required a device change, hypoxemia occurred in 30%, and cardiovascular destabilization in 20%. One patient (0.08%) was converted from an anesthetized to an awake approach. Patients with a failed anesthetized intubation attempt and difficult BMV between attempts were at high risk for multiple attempts (67%) and hypoxemia (100%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Airway management was successful in all patients and the incidence of process complications was higher than in routine airway management. Despite a high risk of DAM, 87% of patients were intubated anesthetized and conversions between awake and anesthetized approaches were rare. That patients intubated awake had more difficult airway indicators implies that clinicians reserve awake intubation for particularly difficult airways. The high incidence of multiple attempts, hypoxemia, and cardiovascular destabilization in patients intubated awake suggests that awake airway management remains challenging. We found no clear pattern in device choices after a first failed attempt. Patients with a first failed anesthetized intubation attempt and difficult BMV were at particularly high risk for hypoxemia.
The Association of Fructose Metabolism With Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Lactate Production
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Jianhui , Miao Zhengjie , Zhou Ren , Wang Hao , Li Xiang , Liu Jiehui , Zhang Jingya , Yan Jia , Xie Zhongcong , Jiang Hong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

In elderly individuals, excessive lactate levels in the brain may be associated with the development of cognitive impairment after surgery, including delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR). Since the origin of this increased lactate is unknown, here we assessed associations between metabolic pathways and postoperative dNCR.

METHODS:

This study included 43 patients (≥60 years old) who had surgery under general anesthesia. We also used a mouse model in which 20-month-old mice were exposed to sevoflurane to induce postoperative dNCR, while control mice were exposed to 40% oxygen. Mice in the control group and anesthesia/surgery group were injected with fructose or glucose intracerebroventricularly, or fructose metabolism inhibitor intraperitoneally. Barnes maze test and Y maze were used to measure cognitive function in mice. Metabolomics was used to measure metabolites in the serum of patients and the brains of mice after anesthesia/surgery. Isotope labeling and metabolic flux were used to analyze flow and distribution of specific metabolites in metabolic pathways.

RESULTS:

Among 43 patients, 17 developed dNCR. Metabolomics showed significantly decreased postoperative serum fructose 1-phosphate levels in dNCR compared to nondNCR patients (mean difference [×104] = –0.164 ± 0.070; P = .024). Similar results were found in the brains of mice (mean difference = –1.669 ± 0.555; *P = .014). Isotope labeling and metabolic flux experiments in mice showed fructose but not glucose entered glycolysis, increasing lactate levels in the brain after anesthesia/surgery (P < .05). Administration of intraperitoneal fructose inhibitors to mice effectively inhibited increased lactate levels in the brain (mean difference =96.0 ± 4.36, P = .0237) and cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia/surgery (mean difference =69.0 ± 3.94, P = .0237). In a small subsample, we also found anesthesia/surgery increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the brains of mice (mean difference =88.3 ± 3.44, P = .0237) and that IL-6 may function upstream in fructose activation.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that anesthesia/surgery activates fructose metabolism, producing excessive lactate in the brain that is associated with postoperative cognitive impairment. Fructose metabolism is thus a potential therapeutic target for dNCR.
Abstractions between Puerto Rico and Chicago
Authors: Segarra Ríos Abdiel D.
Published: December 2024

The chapter delves into the long-standing relationship between Puerto Rico and the city of Chicago, exploring the intersection of various diasporas and racialized communities in shaping the city’s political history. The chapter aims to incorporate abstract art into the discourse of historical reparation, challenging its often apolitical perception and highlighting its potential for nuanced identity expression. It critiques the historical narrative in Puerto Rico that has centered on figurative art tied to nationalist struggle, neglecting contributions from abstract practices. The text discusses the intricate political nature of abstract art, particularly for nonwhite artists, who use it as a form of resistance against imposed expectations and stereotypes. The chapter examines the relationship between the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) and the Puerto Rican art scene, presenting perspectives from Puerto Rican artists based in Chicago and New York.
Nuyorican Poets’ Art of Making Books
Authors: Noel Urayoán
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the often overlooked dimension of Nuyorican poets’ engagement with visual art, particularly via the concept of the book and its intersection with distinct modes of independent publishing, performance, and activism. It sheds light on the transformative ways Nuyorican poets, since the 1960s, have challenged conventional notions of the book and publishing, extending their poetic practice beyond the printed page. It also reflects on the contributions of key Nuyorican figures like Victor Hernández Cruz, Pedro Pietri, Jesús Papoleto Meléndez, and Sandra María Esteves. The discussion examines how Nuyorican poets have engaged in counterinstitutional critique, expanding on their artistic practice through embodied performances, independent publishing endeavors, and collaborations. Drawing from the realms of art criticism and literary analysis, the chapter delves into the dynamic relationship between text and graphics, typographic experimentation, and the sociopolitical context of New York City.
“Bridging Gaps and Building Communities”
Authors: Doran Kerry
Published: December 2024

This chapter delves into the web series “Ask Chuleta,” created and performed by Nuyorican artist Wanda Raimundi-Ortiz between 2006 and 2013. Chuleta, a young female artist from the Bronx, records confessional-style vlogs on YouTube to bridge gaps and build communities within the art world. She challenges the mainstream art world’s biases and hypocrisies, particularly in terms of race, gender, sexuality, class, and ability. By invoking the legacy of Puerto Rican artist-activists, Chuleta positions herself within a radical lineage, using her Afro-Latinx identity to resist normativity and white supremacist ideologies. Her unapologetic mannerisms, appearance, and language disrupt prevailing standards, aligning with frameworks like José Esteban Muñoz’s “disidentification” and Jillian Hernandez’s “aesthetics of excess.” Chuleta’s presence and content on YouTube challenge the confines of traditional exhibition venues, yet underscore the mythology of Web 2.0’s inclusivity. This chapter reveals how Chuleta’s chusmería tactics parody white supremacy and disidentify with dominant paradigms.
Conclusion
Authors: Dávila Arlene
Published: December 2024

The conclusion asserts that the intersection of space, politics, and artistic expression is a driving force for Nuyorican and Diasporican artists navigating urban challenges. Amid gentrification, displacement, and environmental racism, artists like Shellyne Rodriguez, Rigoberto Torres, Lee Quiñones, and Danielle De Jesus engage with these issues, weaving them into their creative narratives. Their work becomes a response to the forces shaping their environment, offering critiques of capitalism and inserting cultural identities into urban landscapes. The essays underscore the importance of recognizing the value of diaspora identities and expanding the parameters of Puerto Rican art. They highlight the interconnectedness of diverse cultural exchanges, amplifying the contributions of Nuyorican artists across Latin American, Latinx, and African American art worlds. By embracing various aesthetics, genres, and perspectives, Nuyorican and Diasporican artists dismantle restrictive definitions, asserting their creative presence in contemporary art.
Residual force enhancement is not altered while force depression is amplified at the cellular level in old age
Authors: Njai Binta S. , Hinks Avery , Patterson Makenna A. , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: December 2024

Residual force enhancement (rFE) and residual force depression (rFD) are history-dependent properties of muscle which refer to increased and decreased isometric force following a lengthening or shortening contraction, respectively. The history dependence of force is greater in older than in younger human adults when assessed at the joint level. However, it is unclear whether this amplification of the history dependence of force in old age is owing to cellular mechanisms or is a consequence of age-related remodelling of muscle architecture. Single muscle fibres from the psoas major of old and young F344BN rats were dissected and chemically permeabilized. Single muscle fibres were mounted between a force transducer and length controller, then maximally activated (pCa 4.5). To assess rFD, fibres were actively shortened from 3.1 to 2.5 µm at both a slow (0.15 Lo s−1) and fast (0.6 Lo s−1) speed, with a fixed-end isometric reference contraction at 2.5 µm. To assess rFE, fibres were activated and stretched at 0.3 Lo s−1 from a sarcomere length of 2.2 to 2.5 µm, and 2.7 to 3.0 µm, and compared with fixed-end isometric reference contractions at 2.5 and 3.0 µm, respectively. Isometric force (2.5 µm) was ∼19% lower in muscle fibres from old as compared with young rats (P<0.001). Upon normalizing to fibre cross-sectional area, there was no age-related difference in specific force (P>0.05). rFD was ∼33% greater in muscle fibres from old as compared with young rats (P<0.05), while rFE did not differ between groups (P>0.05). rFD is amplified in old age at the cellular level, while rFE appears to be unchanged; thus, previously reported age-related modification of rFE occurs upstream from the cellular level.
Implementation of Chernobyl disaster optimizer based feature selection approach to predict software defects
Authors: Anand Kunal , Jena Ajay Kumar , Das Himansu
Published: December 2024

Background Software Defect Prediction (SDP) enables developers to investigate unscrambled faults in the inaugural parts of the software progression mechanism. However, SDP faces the threat of high dimensionality. Feature selection (FS) selects the finest features while carefully discarding others. Several meta-heuristic algorithms, like Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, and Ant Colony Optimization, have been used to develop defect prediction models. However, these models have drawbacks like high cost, local optima trap, lower convergence rate, and higher parameter tuning. This study applies an innovative FS technique (FSCOA) rooted in Chernobyl Disaster Optimizer (CDO) technique. The proposed procedure intends to unwrap the best features for a prediction model while minimizing errors. Methods The proposed FSCOA investigated twelve public NASA software datasets from the PROMISE archive on Decision Tree, K-nearest neighbor, Naive Bayes, and Quantitative Discriminant Analysis classifiers. Furthermore, the accuracy of the recommended FSCOA method was correlated with existing FS techniques, like FSDE, FSPSO, FSACO, and FSGA. The statistical merit of the proposed measure was verified using Friedman and Holm tests. Results The experiment indicated that the proposed FSCOA approach bettered the accuracy in majority of the instances and achieved an average rank of 1.75 among other studied FS approaches while applying the Friedman test. Furthermore, the Holm test showed that the p-value was lower than or equivalent to the value of α/(A-i), except for the FSCOA and FSGA and FSCOA and FSACO models. Conclusion The results illustrated the supremacy of the prospective FSCOA procedure over extant FS techniques with higher accuracy in almost all cases due to its advantages like enhanced accuracy, the ability to deal with convoluted, high-magnitude datasets not grounded in local optima, and a faster convergence rate. These advantages empower the suggested FSCOA method to overcome the challenges of the other studied FS techniques.
Mental health and experiences of school attendance through the Irish Education Welfare Service
Authors: O Flynn Sinead , Cahill Kevin , Connolly Tracey
Published: December 2024

This article explores the impact of mental health on school attendance. This study is based on PhD research (2020) involving young people referred to the Statutory Irish Education Welfare Service (EWS). These young people were referred to the Service for poor school attendance or non-school attendance and presented with school refusal behaviours. Truancy was not considered a factor in the absenteeism; parents were aware of the absences and admitted that they were unable to get their children to attend school or return to school. This article specifically examines the relationship between mental health and school attendance through a qualitative research piece and uses four of the original seven case study samples from the PhD research. In the original research thirty-five people were interviewed including young people, their parents, agency workers, school staff and a district court Judge. The research indicates how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), trauma, bereavement, parental mental health and bullying all have significant impact on school attendance and engagement, and how inadequate supports for young people, struggling with complex issues, result in prolonged periods of school absenteeism.
Beefing IT up for your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub
Authors: Conti Annamaria , Peukert Christian , Roche Maria P.
Published: December 2024

We study the engagement of nascent firms with open source communities and its implications for innovation and attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source software development platform GitHub. In a matched sample of firms with and without GitHub activities, difference-in-differences models reveal a substantial increase in the likelihood of being funded after early-stage startups engage with open source communities on GitHub. This relationship is weaker for firms that employ GitHub for internal development only. Startups developing novel technologies tend to benefit more from engaging with open source communities, unlike those in highly competitive environments. This heterogeneity highlights a potential trade-off between engaging with open source communities and appropriability. To provide insight regarding mechanisms, we classify startups' technology use-cases on GitHub using machine learning and exploit data on product launches. Our results from these additional analyses support the notion that one important channel potentially driving our findings is the access to external knowledge for technology development provided by open source communities. Engaging with these communities may thereby aid startups in innovating and creating a (minimum) viable product.
Design e resistência:
Authors: Branco Felipe Castello , Costa Eduardo  Augusto
Published: December 2024

Este artigo busca, a partir da contextualização da história brasileira entre 1964 e 1985 no âmbito político, social, da produção visual e da coleta de materiais gráficos da época, entender o papel que o design desempenhou como instrumento de resistência durante a ditadura militar. Explora as produções dos movimentos de contracultura e resistência, destacando três principais grupos: cartazes, editoriais e capas de discos. Compara a produção analisada com a do campo modernista até então dominante na esfera corporativa, observando a formação de duas linhas distintas de expressão gráfica. Por fim, conclui como o design se configurou como ferramenta essencial para dar forma ao protesto e à indignação de uma parcela significativa da sociedade oprimida pelo regime vigente.
Teeth arrangements for denture esthetics: perceptions of dentulous and edentulous individuals
Authors: V. de Moraes Giselle , R. Regis Rômulo
Published: December 2024

While bearing in mind that differing opinions on esthetic outcomes can emerge among dentists, patients and observers during the rehabilitation of edentulous patients, this study compares esthetic perceptions of and preferences for various anterior teeth arrangements for complete dentures among both dentulous and edentulous individuals. Two edentulous individualswere selected, and four maxillary anterior teeth arrangements (“Classic”, “Supernormal”, “Senile”, “Youthful”) were proposed. Photographs were evaluated by the patients, prosthodontists and dentistry predoctoral students, as well as edentulous and dentulous laypeople. In the cases of both patients, most respondents did perceive differences among the arrangements,with no differences among groups (male patient, P=0.353; female patient, P=0.387). Considering all respondents, the “Youthful” and “Classic” arrangements were understood to be the most attractive (33/48%), natural (34/51%), least artificial (34/50%), and the preferred (34/56%) smile for the male and female patient, respectively. Within each rater group, the “Classic” arrangementwas rated as the least artificial (P=0.03) for the female patient. The “Senile” and “Youthful” arrangements were favored for the male patient, who preferred the “Senile” one. For the female patient, the “Classic” and “Supernormal” were favored, and she chose the “Supernormal” smile. The results highlight that esthetic perceptions and preferences can differ among dentulous andedentulous laypeople, dental professionals and patients. In addition, the same observer may have different opinions regarding tooth arrangements for different patients. Therefore, the patient´s opinion must be taken into consideration when determining the esthetic standards of smiles, and professionals should refrain from imposing their own esthetic preferences on patients.