bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomal lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 promoted inflammation of human tubular epithelial cell via CMPK2/NLRP3 pathway in urate nephropathy
Authors: Hao Jianbing , Guo Xinyu , Wang Siyu , Guo Xiaojun , Yuan Kun , Chen Ruihong , Hao Lirong
Published: February 2024

Background and hypothesis
Urate nephropathy, a common complication of hyperuricemia, has garnered increasing attention worldwide. However, the exact pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. Currently, inflammation is widely accepted as the key factor in urate nephropathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of exosomal lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 in urate nephropathy.
Methods
This study evaluated the effects of exosomes using clinical data collected from patients with urate nephropathy and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) cultured with different concentrations of urate.
Results
In the clinical research section, the level of exosomal lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 in the urine of patients with hyperuricemia or urate nephropathy was found to be increased, particularly in patients with urate nephropathy. In vitro study section, the levels of exosomes, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis were increased in HK2 cells induced by urate. Additionally, the expressions of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 were upregulated in exosomes and HK2 cells. Furthermore, manipulating the activity of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 through overexpression or interference vectors promoted inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in HK2 cells induced by urate.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the aforementioned results suggested that exosomal lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 induces inflammation via the CMPK2/NLRP3 pathway, thereby promoting autophagy and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by urate.
Anti‑Helicobacter pylori activity of Lactobacillus plantarum LZU-J-Q21, LZU-J-Q25 and LZU-J-QA85 in vitro evaluation
Authors: Yang Hui , Lin Yang , Ma Yuchan , Li Jiaru , Li Junxiang , Huo Zeqi , Yang Pingrong , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The aim was to investigate the inhibitory potential of probiotics sourced from Northwest China Plateau Region against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), targeting the reduction of H. pylori colonization and associated inflammation.
Methods
Phenotypic assays including aggregation, cell adhesion, and hydrophobic activity were performed to characterize strains. Anti- H. pylori activity of lactobacillus was determined by the Oxford Cup diffusion method, urease assay and co-culture assay. To test immune modulation activity of lactobacillus, and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 expression in AGS was determined by RT-qPCR.
Results
Here, we screened three well-characterized probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum LZU-J-Q21 (Q21), LZU-J-Q25 (Q25) and LZU-J-QA85 (QA85). All three lactobacillus strains were tolerant to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Mixture of three lactobacillus strains showed the highest adhesion ability to AGS cells. All tested strains exhibited an inhibitory effect against H. pylori. The suspension and cell-free supernatant of three strains showed abilities to inhibit H. pylori urease activity. All the treatment of AGS cells with Q21, Q25, QA85, and mixture significantly decreased the TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 expression induced by H. pylori infection.
Conclusions
Q21, Q25, QA85, and their mixture possesses potent inhibitory activity against H. pylori infection, growth, and H. pylori-induced inflammation. These results suggest that lactobacillus and its derivatives have the potential as complementary agents against H. pylori infection and alleviate inflammatory response.
Effect of lyophilized exosomes derived from umbilical cord stem cells on chronic anterior cruciate ligament cell injury
Authors: Lo Hon-Lok , Lin Sung-Yen , Ho Cheng-Jung , Liu Po-Yu , Huang Shih-Hao , Ming-kung Yeh , Wu Shun Cheng , Lu Cheng-Chang
Published: February 2024

Background:
Facilitating the healing process of injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue is crucial for patients to safely return to sports. Stem cell derived exosomes have shown positive effects on enhancing the regeneration of injured tendons/ligaments. However, clinical application of exosomes in terms of storage and pre-assembly is challenging. We hypothesized that lyophilized exosomes derived from human umbilical cord stem cells (hUSC-EXs) could enhance the cell activity of chronically injured ACL cells.
Materials and Methods:
We harvested the 8 weeks injured ACL cells from rabbit under IACUC (No.110232) approval. The studied exosomes were purified from the culture medium of human umbilical cord stem cells (IRB approval No. A202205014), lyophilized to store, and hydrated for use. We compared exosome treated cells with non-exosome treated cells (control group) from the same rabbits. We examined the cell viability, proliferation, migration capability and gene expression of type I and III collagen, TGFβ, VEGF, and tenogenesis in the 8 weeks injured ACL cells after hUSC-EX treatment.
Results:
After hydration, the average size of hUSC-EXs was 85.2 nm, and the cells tested positive for the Alix, TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 proteins but negative for the α-Tubulin protein. Compared with no exosome treatment, hUSC-EX treatment significantly improved the cell viability, proliferation and migration capability of 8 weeks injured ACL cells. In addition, the expression of collagen synthesis, TGFβ, VEGF, and tenogenesis gene were all significantly increased in the 8 weeks injured ACL cells after hUSC-EX delivery.
Discussion:
Lyophilized exosomes are easily stored and readily usable after hydration, thereby preserving their characteristic properties. Treatment with lyophilized hUSC-EXs improved the activity and gene expression of 8 weeks injured ACL cells.
Conclusion:
Lyophilized hUSC-EXs preserve the characteristics of exosomes and can improve chronically injured(8 weeks) ACL cells. Lyophilized hUSC-EXs could serve as effective and safe biomaterials that are ready to use at room temperature to enhance cell activity in patients with partial ACL tears and after remnant preservation ACL reconstruction.
Application of Random Forest Model in Cancer Risk Prognosis: A Role for Dietary Habits
Authors: Hormozi Mahdi , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Bagheri Mahsa Mohammadi , Safaeian Alireza , Deihim Mehdi , Parsaeian Maryam , Nazari Maryam
Published: February 2024

Purpose- This study focuses on the impact of lifestyle behaviors, particularly eating habits, on cancer development. In recent years, there has been growing interest in predicting cancer risk using machine learning algorithms and analyzing factors such as diet. Methods- Our research utilizes a Random Forest Model to classify and identify hidden risk factors in a sample of 252 individuals from the Semnan province in Iran, split into case and control groups. Results- Seventeen dietary indicators were derived from nutritional questionnaires and used to diagnose cancer. The optimal number of trees in the model was 93, resulting in a model with high accuracy and predictive capability. The developed model achieved an average accuracy rate of 92% through cross-validation. Notable early predictors of cancer were discovered, including the extent of vegetable frying, methods of vegetable storage, and the types of containers used for daily staples like bread in Iranian cooking practices. Conclusion- Based on these findings, it is important to address and implement targeted lifestyle interventions based on early predictors to improve patient well-being and treatment outcomes. This research highlights the potential gap in current recommendations regarding health and diet for cancer patients and emphasizes the need for tailored interventions.
Optimizing Interpolation Methods and Point Distances for Accurate Earthquake Hazard Mapping in Gas Pipeline Routing
Authors: Alavi Sayyed Hadi , Mashayekhi Mohammadreza , Zolfaghari Mohammadreza
Published: February 2024

When optimizing the route for gas pipelines while taking seismic risk into account, a vital first step is assessing the seismic hazard at every point within the region that the route must be passed. It's crucial to conduct a seismic hazard analysis for each specific point. However, achieving a continuous assessment of seismic hazard for all points is practically unfeasible. Ultimately, a practical approach involves directly determining hazards in certain points, while employing interpolation for the remaining points. This approach involves deliberating the spacing of grid points for hazard determination and selecting an appropriate interpolation method for estimating hazards in the remaining points. The distance of the points and the interpolation method for each problem must be determined by trial and error. This article explores various point distances and interpolation methods in a case study context. To assess accuracy, this study explores 15 different modes of point distances and employs two distinct interpolation methods—Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation models. The selection of point distances is based on a percentage of longitude and latitude. Values from 0.02 to 0.3 are considered. A baseline distance of 0.02 is selected, and other distances and interpolation methods are compared against it. Four statistical indicators—mean error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination—are considered. Results indicate that the ordinary Kriging Interpolation Method achieves higher accuracy. Considering error percentages and the apparent similarity of hazard maps, a distance of 0.14 points appears suitable, balancing computational time and required accuracy.
WITHDRAWN: Visualization of Görtler vortices in high–enthalpy plasma flow using planar laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Yu Xin , Yuan Xun , Peng Jiangbo , Zeng Hui , Ou Dongbin , Yang Chaobo , Cao Zhen , Qi Jinhao
Published: February 2024

The Görtler vortices phenomenon is a characteristic flow feature observed in the boundary layer of the compressed ramps in hypersonic flow. In the context of high-enthalpy plasma flow during aerospace re-entry processes, there is currently a lack of effective means to visualize Görtler vortices of the boundary layer. In this study, the nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO PLIF) technique was employed to visualize the boundary layer of a ramp in a 50 MW arc-heated wind tunnel. The Görtler-like vortex structures were observed in the boundary layer of the ramp. This is the first time that Görtler vortices have been clearly observed in high-enthalpy plasma flow. Through varying the flow conditions, it was found that Görtler vortices persisted in the boundary layer of the ramp when the total enthalpy of the arc-heated wind tunnel exceeded 12.3 MJ/kg. And the position of the Görtler streaks was found to be non-fixed, while the average Görtler wavelength remained approximately 30 mm at 10° ramp and showed limited variation with the total enthalpy. Additionally, a sheet forming optics system with adjustable angle and height was designed to enable visualization of Görtler vortices in the boundary layer of the ramp at different angles and heights. The vortex structures on low-angle ramp exhibit better stability and shorter wavelength. Meanwhile, the visualization results at different heights have confirmed that the wavelength of the Görtler vortices is approximately equal to the boundary layer thickness. This work demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the PLIF technique in visualization of the boundary layer in plasma flow, especially in regard to the Görtler vortices.
Successful pain control with add-on methadone for refractory neuropathic pain due to radiation necrosis in pontine metastatic lesion: A case report
Authors: Kurosaki Fumio , Takigami Ayako , Takeuchi Mitsue , Shimizu Atsushi , Tamba Kaichiro , Bando Masashi , Maemondo Makoto
Published: February 2024

Background
Central pain, characterized by neuropathic pain, can manifest due to injury to the superior spinothalamic tract. The brainstem, including sensory and motor pathways as well as cranial nerve nuclei, necessitates early intervention when affected by cancer metastasis. Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly employed for the treatment of brain metastasis, it poses risks of late complications like radiation necrosis (RN). RN exacerbates the progression of brain lesions within the irradiated area, and in the brainstem, it can damage multiple nerves, including the superior spinothalamic tract. Central neuropathic pain is often intractable and empirically managed with a combination of conventional drugs, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and anticonvulsants. However, their efficacy is often limited, leading to a decline in performance status (PS) and quality of life (QOL).
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer, referred to our palliative care team for managing severe central pain resulting from SRS-related RN in the pons. Despite administration of opioids, including oxycodone and hydromorphone, and adjuvant analgesics, the patient continued to require frequent use of immediate-release opioids. The addition of methadone alone proved successful in achieving optimal pain control.
Conclusions
Provided that RN in the brainstem can lead to intractable neuropathic pain, it is advisable to avoid SRS for brainstem metastasis when possible. Methadone should be considered as a viable pain management medication for patients experiencing unresolved central pain.
Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium in alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Gansu Province, Northwest China
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Bowen , Zhao Yafei , Chen Rong , Yu Fuchang , Qi Meng , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: February 2024

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoa commonly found in domestic and wild animals. Limited information is available on Cryptosporidium in deer worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from alpine musk deer on three farms in Gansu Province. The detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium were carried out by nested PCR with the SSU rRNA gene and the gp60 gene. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in alpine musk deer was 3.9% (8/201), with infection rates of 2.8% (1/36), 9.2% (6/65), and 1.0% (1/100) in three different farms. Both Cryptosporidium species, C. parvum (n = 2) and C. xiaoi (n = 6), were detected in all samples. Of the two C. parvum isolates, two were subtyped as IIdA15G1, and of the six C. xiaoi isolates, two belonged to XXIIIa and four belonged to XXIIIg, respectively. The IIdA15G1 subtype of C. parvum was found in deer for the first time. These findings provide essential insights into the infection rate and genetic evolution of Cryptosporidium in alpine musk deer.
Characterization of mycorrhiza associating with Encyclia tampensis and its effect on plant health
Authors: Garcia Ellen , Downing Jason , Khoddamzadeh Amir Ali
Published: February 2024

Starting in the late 1800’s orchids were heavily poached, leaving many species to reach critically low numbers. Coupled with habitat loss and urbanization many orchid populations were extirpated in southern Florida. Due to lack of endosperm, orchid seeds are reliant on specific mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients to enable embryo development resulting in very low germination rates in nature. This obligatory relationship with mycorrhizal fungi complicates orchid re-establishment. The research project aims are (1) to evaluate the correlation between phenotypic traits and optimal growing conditions in various micro-climate conditions, and (2) to assess the range of mycorrhizal diversity in urban and botanic garden settings. The native orchid, Encyclia tampensis, was sampled from naturally occurring and lab propagated orchids at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (FTBG), Naples Botanical Garden (NBG), and Downtown Doral Park (DDP) on oak, cypress, and palm trees. Phenotypic measurements (chlorophyll content, light intensity, height on the tree, number of leaves, root and shoot lengths) and root sampling (fungal isolations, DNA identification) were conducted. Increased SPAD and NDVI values measuring chlorophyll content as a plant health parameter were observed at FTBG, while DDP and NBG had comparable values indicating the suitability of botanic gardens and urban spaces as reintroduction sites for orchid. Across all 3 sites and host trees, two distinct clades of mycorrhizal fungi within the genus Tulasnella were recovered. The results of this study will help maximize current conservation and reintroduction programs within developed urban areas and botanical gardens for best management practices on orchids.
Inflation Vs traditional deflator instruments: a comparison between debt management strategies in EU, USA and China
Authors: Busato Francesco , Severino Claudia Ulloa , Varlese Monica
Published: February 2024

The unprecedent increase in public debt is affecting economies around the world. At the same time, Central bankers are raising interest rates due to inflation concerns. While investigating the effects of inflation on public debt for EU, USA and China, we compare how a boost in such rate with respect to traditional instruments might reduce debt-to-GDP. Eventually, we conduct a debt decomposition analysis.
Three main results are presented. First, it emerges that an increase in inflation acts as a deflator only for developed economies. Second, raising taxes entails an increase in public debt for both emerging and advanced economies. Instead, public expenditure is preferred as a deflator instrument, especially in times of crisis. Third, divergent political stances create a significant heterogeneity among and within regions.
The results suggest that stimulative policies based on traditional fiscal instruments are essential for debt sustainability and economic growth, especially during times of distress.
JEL Classification System: C23, E31, E44, F43
Evaluation Method of Ideological and Political Classroom Teaching Quality in Basic Education Based on DA-BP Algorithm
Authors: Liu Churan
Published: February 2024

The traditional approach to evaluating the quality of ideological and political classroom (IPC) teaching in basic education mostly starts from the micro viewpoint and has not yet developed a flawless evaluation index (EI) system, leading to unsatisfactory assessment results. Therefore, a new assessment technique of IPC instructing quality in basic education needs to be designed based on the DA-BP technique. In other words, a model for assessing the quality of IPC instructing in basic education has been designed based on teaching objectives. The evaluation process is generated using the DA-BP algorithm, enabling the assessment of the quality of IPC teaching. The result of case analysis depictst that the EI of the designed assessment technique for the instructing quality of IPC in basic curriculum is more consistent with the standard index, which proves that the designed assessment method has good evaluation impact, reliability, and certain application value, and has made certain contributions to improving the teaching level of IPC.
Optical Properties of the DMS Ellipsoid Quantum Dot with Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction
Authors: Babanlı A. M. , Balcı M. , Ovezov M. , Orazov G. , Sabyrov V.
Published: February 2024

In this work, the optical properties of a dilute semimagnetic semiconductor ellipsoidal quantum dot with Rashba spin-orbit interaction are investigated. Using the adiabatic approximation method, the Hamiltonian of an electron in an ellipsoidal quantum dot was divided into two substates, defined as “slow” and “fast”. The Schrödinger equation was solved by the effective mass approximation method. The change in the absorption coefficient as a function of the energy of the incident photon was studied for various values of parameters, such as the magnetic field, the Rashba parameter, temperature, concentration of Mn atoms and the radius of the ellipsoid. According to the results obtained, these parameters significantly affect the intraband energy levels. Thereby influencing the optical transitions of the quantum system under consideration. It was found that with increasing magnetic field value, the maximum absorption coefficient increases and shifts to the left relative to the incident photon. As the value of the Rashba parameter increases, the maximum absorption coefficient decreases and shifts to the right relative to the incident photon. Increasing the ellipsoid radius decreases the maximum absorption coefficient and shifts it to the left relative to the incident photon. And an increase in the temperature and concentration of the Mn atom shifts the maximum absorption coefficient to the left relative to the incident photon.
Hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency in children: A new approach to its unexplained relationship with osteoarticular pain
Authors: Calonge María Amelia Muñoz , Marvá Marcos , Varillas-Delgado David , Martínez José Jiménez , Zapata Manuel Rodríguez
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between growing pain and arthralgia and vitamin D and iron deficiency in children.
Methods
This prospective, observational, case-control study were recruited 89 children (47 patients and 42 controls) during January 2019 to September 2021. In a first blood biochemistry, children with low vitamin D levels were treated for 8 weeks and children with low ferritin levels were treated with iron supplementation between 4–5 mg/kg/day, for 12 weeks. A second blood biochemistry was carried out after treatment. Data on arthralgias, bone and mixed pain were collected before and after treatment.
Results
Before treatment, the average serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) level was significantly lower in patients with hypovitaminosis than in the control group (24.96 (± 5.9) vs. 32.00 (± 11.2) respectively) (p = 0.008). After treatment, 95% of the patients reported pain relief and vitamin D mean concentration was restored in hypovitaminosis group (above 30ng/ml) and did not differ significantly from controls (33.2 (± 6.1) vs. 32.00 (± 11.2) respectively) (p = 0.644). The association between iron metabolism and arthralgia was neither significant nor conclusive for iron (p = 0.054) and no significant for ferritin and pain (p = 0.555). After treatment, 19 (95%) patients reported pain remission, the only one not recovered suffering from bone (growing) pain (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
An association between decreased vitamin D levels and osteoarticular pain was found. Also, osteoarticular pain remitted after treatment to restore suitable vitamin D level.
Thermal conductivity measurements for the hydrochloroolefin R1130(E)
Authors: Lombardo G. , Menegazzo D. , Scattolini M. , Ferrarini G. , Bobbo S. , Fedele L.
Published: February 2024

The identification of new refrigerants characterized by low GWP (<150), as required at international level by several agreements and regulations, is still far from the conclusion. In particular, for a proper selection, the thermophysical properties of hydro(chloro) fluoroolefins (H(C)FOs) are required, but their knowledge is still scarce for several of these fluids. Amongst these, R1130(E) has recently get some attention as a component, with R1336mzz(Z), of the azeotropic binary mixture (R514A), that could be applied as a substitute for R123 in centrifugal chillers, high-temperature heat pumps, and organic Rankine cycles. R1130(E) is a hydrochloroolefin characterized by a relatively high normal boiling temperature (320.9 K) and belongs to the ASHRAE safety group B1. Its properties are still not widely studied and, in particular, no data are available in the peer reviewed literature for the thermal conductivity. Thus, in this paper, a set of experimental thermal conductivity data, performed with a double THW apparatus, will be presented. The data are measured in the range of temperatures between 243.15 K and 313.15 K, with pressures up to 8 MPa.
Unveiling the Quantum Internet: Potentials, Challenges, and Security through Simulation
Authors: Banaeimoon Ahmed Abdullah , Waleed Kalead , Rashed Zayed , Hilal Hasan Abu
Published: February 2024

This study explores the potential of the quantum internet, a realm made possible by the foundational principles of quantum mechanics like entanglement and superposition. In this paper, we unravel the foundations of the quantum internet and its capacity to revolutionize technology. Our analysis dissects its fundamental aspects and emphasizes advantages like security and robustness, recognizing challenges like bandwidth limitations and costs. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a big part of the quantum cryptography realm. It seeks to establish secure cryptographic keys among distant parties and detects potential eavesdropping attempts. The study also delves into future scenarios, applications, and quantum internet protocols, providing a holistic perspective. Through a simulated quantum communication scenario, we evaluate our research on system security by comparing error rates between quantum and classical counterparts. The simulation outcomes underscore the advantages of quantum communication in mitigating security threats and offer valuable insight into its superiority over classical systems. The exploration provides a nuanced understanding of the quantum internet's transformative prowess and pinpoints areas that need attention.
IRAK4 in the hippocampus increases susceptibility to seizures through NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated neuronal pyroptosis
Authors: Zhao Ting , 张 雪飞 , Cui Xiaoxiao , Su Songxue , Li Lei , Chen Yanan , Wang Na , Sun Lei , Zhao Jianyuan , Zhang Jiewen , Han Xiong , Cao Jing
Published: February 2024

Background
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays an important role in immune modulation in various central nervous system disorders. Previous studies have found that the IRAK4 pathway is involved in lead-induced cell pyroptosis. However, there is no report on the role of IRAK4 in epilepsy models and its involvement in regulating cell pyroptosis in epilepsy, both in animal and clinical studies.
Method
Firstly, we performed transcriptome sequencing, qPCR, and Western blot analysis on hippocampal tissues of refractory epilepsy patients to detect the mRNA and protein levels of IRAK4 and pyroptosis-related proteins. Secondly, we successfully established a Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure mouse model. We conducted behavioral tests, electroencephalography (EEG), virus injection, and molecular biology experiments to investigate the role of IRAK4 in seizure activity regulation.
Results
IRAK4 is upregulated in the hippocampal lesions of epilepsy patients and in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced seizure mice. In PTZ mice, IRAK4 expression is observed in neurons. Knocking out IRAK4 in PTZ mice downregulates pyroptosis-related proteins and alleviates seizure activity. Conversely, overexpressing IRAK4 in naïve mice upregulates pyroptosis-related proteins and increases PTZ-induced neuronal abnormal discharges. PDTC can reverse the increased expression of pyroptosis-related proteins caused by PTZ. PF-06650833 can alleviate seizure activity and inhibit pyroptosis in PTZ-induced seizure mice.
Conclusion
In summary, we hypothesize that IRAK4 promotes the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, suggesting that IRAK4 may promote seizure activity by mediating pyroptosis. IRAK4 plays a crucial role in epilepsy and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for this neurological disorder.
Analysis of correlation between Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance and antibiotic use density in ICU of a hospital in China : A Retrospective Study, 2020-2022
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Ding Ying , Chen Yao , Zhang Qingfang , Teng Zhimei , Li Wenqi , Ma Ying , Zhang Chuanmeng , Huang Danna , Kong Xuhui
Published: February 2024

Objective
To analyze the correlation between antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in ICU and the use of antibiotics, to provide evidence and reference for rational use of antibiotics and prevention and control of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Methods
The composition ratio and the antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in ICU from 2020 to 2022 was analyzed retrospectively, as well as the correlation between the antibiotic use density and antibiotic resistance were analyzed.
Results
971 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ICU for three years were selected. The samples were mainly derived from sputum (72.50%), urine (10.40%), drainage fluid (7.00%), blood (6.80%). The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was 48.6%, and there was significant difference in the antibiotic resistance rate of all kinds of antibiotics (P < 0.001).The resistance rate of Klebsiae pneumoniae to β-lactam and quinolone antibiotics was higher (> 50%). The resistance rate to Carbapenems, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides was relatively low (< 40%). There was a significant positive correlation between the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the antibiotics use density (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae is severe, which is significantly related to the antibiotic use density. We should strengthen the management of antibiotic, and strictly implement the prevention and control measures of multi-drug resistant bacteria to reduce the spread of resistant.
Trans-to-cis isomerization of a platinum(II) complex with two triphosphine ligands via coordination with gold(I) ion
Authors: Nagasato Kazuki , Baba Taichi , Soma Hayato , Yoshinari Nobuto
Published: February 2024

The reaction of a square-planar platinum(II) complex having two bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine (triphos), [Pt(triphos)2](NO3)2 ([1](NO3)2), with [Au(tu)2]Cl (tu = thiourea) gave a new trinuclear AuI2PtII complex, [{Pt(triphos)2}{Au(tu)}2]Cl2(NO3)2 ([2]Cl2(NO3)2), through the Au-P coordination bond formation. While the [Pt(triphos)2]2+ unit in [1](NO3)2 adopted the trans-meso configuration, only the cis-racemic isomer was observed in [2]Cl2(NO3)2. The 31P NMR spectroscopy indicated a rapid equilibrium among the possible isomers of [1]2+, facilitating the unique trans-to-cis transformation at the PtII center in this system. Additionally, we observed that this structural transformation leads to an enhancement of the emission intensity.
Lightweight and Thin with High-Frequency Performance Microwave Absorbing Heterostructure Carbon Derived from Ashoka-leafs Ash
Authors: KUMAR NEETU , KUANR BIJOY KUMAR
Published: February 2024

In today's world, there is a significant focus on addressing acute electromagnetic pollution and developing efficient stealth materials. This involves extensive efforts to create high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs), with a strong emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendliness. To contribute to proper waste and agriculture waste management which synthesis by carbonization and hydrothermal route, a recent study introduces a novel approach using carbonized leaves as single-layer microwave absorbers made from Ashoka-leafs Ash (AA). These absorbers are extremely slim and lightweight, with a thickness of just 0.5 mm. They have a weight ratio of 1:1 when combined with paraffin wax, and they are engineered to perform efficiently within the high-frequency range of 27–40 GHz (Ka-band). This frequency range is also pertinent to 5G communication technology. The absorbing characteristics of this substance are affected by the greater surface area resulting from the heterostructure. This, in turn, leads to an increase in its capacity for losses, dielectric constant, and conductivity. Consequently, it improves its efficiency in absorbing microwaves. The outcomes reveal that the material attains an impressive reflection loss value of − 45 dB at 34 GHz, with a thickness of 0.5 mm, corresponding to a high attenuation constant and an absorption rate of 99.99%. This exceptional performance suggests that the proposed microwave-absorbing material could be utilized in the development of military, anechoic chambers and low-cost stealth materials. Notably, these results outperform many other carbonaceous materials derived from biomass that have been previously reported. Before conducting the absorption studies, various microstructural characterizations on the material were to better understand its properties and behaviour.
RNF170 frameshift deletion in Miniature American Shepherd dogs with neuroaxonal dystrophy provides a naturally occurring model for human RNF170 phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Cook Shawna R. , Schwarz Cleo , Guevar Julien , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Sheehy Maeve , Fanzone Nathan , Church Molly E. , Murgiano Leonardo , Casal Margret L. , Jagannathan Vidhya , Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo , Lowrie Mark , Steffen Frank , Leeb Tosso , Ekenstedt Kari J.
Published: February 2024

Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized primarily by the presence of spheroids (swollen axons) throughout the central nervous system. In humans, NAD is heterogeneous, both clinically and genetically. NAD has also been described to naturally occur in large animal models, such as dogs. A newly recognized disorder in Miniature American Shepherd dogs (MAS), consisting of a slowly progressive neurodegenerative syndrome, was diagnosed as NAD via histopathology. Affected dogs were typically young adults and displayed an abnormal gait characterized by pelvic limb weakness and ataxia. A combined GWAS and autozygosity mapping approach, together with whole-genome sequencing, identified the underlying genetic cause as a 1-bp deletion in RNF170 (ring finger protein 170), which perfectly segregates in an autosomal recessive pattern. This deletion is predicted to create a frameshift (XM_038559916.1:c.367delG) and early truncation of the RNF170 protein (XP_038415844.1:(p.Ala123Glnfs*11). A significant LOD score of 9.70 in an extended pedigree confirms the linkage of the deletion variant with the canine phenotype. Several RNF170 variants have been identified in human patients with analogous clinical syndromes, indicating that this novel MAS NAD serves as an excellent large animal model for equivalent human diseases, particularly since affected dogs demonstrate a relatively long lifespan, which represents an opportunity for therapeutic trials. The age of this canine RNF170 variant is estimated at approximately 30 years, before the reproductive isolation of the MAS breed. This carries implications for the standard Australian Shepherd, the breed from which MAS were developed.
Exploring the Potential of Crowdsourced Traffic Data for Improved Traffic Predictions: A Big Data Approach
Authors: Azizi Farid , Zhang Wei , Malik Ayesha , Shen Zhou
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a groundbreaking approach to traffic prediction through the integration of crowdsourced data within a big data analytics framework. The proposed methodology addresses the limitations of traditional traffic prediction models and machine learning approaches by leveraging the collective intelligence from diverse sources, including navigation apps, social media, and connected vehicles. A dynamic algorithm continuously updates the model parameters in real-time, adapting to evolving traffic patterns in urban environments. Comprehensive experiments, conducted on the UrbanTrafficFlow (UTF) and CityMobilityPatterns (CMP) datasets, demonstrate the superior predictive accuracy and adaptability of the proposed model compared to existing methods, including LSTM-based models, spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks (ST-GCN), and traditional statistical models. The integration of diverse data sources showcases the model's ability to enhance accuracy, and the impact of crowdsourced data integration is highlighted. This research contributes to the advancement of intelligent transportation systems and big data analytics, paving the way for more resilient and efficient urban mobility solutions in the era of smart cities.
Consuming Less as a Rational Choice: A Review of Applied Social Exchange Theory in Topical Research on Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Jakab Manuel
Published: February 2024

Along with a fast expansion in volume, research on sustainable consumption is confounded with inconsistencies in definitions and terminology. For a better categorization and thus utilization of the knowledge already accumulated in the field, a synthetic approach outlining conceptual differences and commonalities within the multitude of research appears useful. Contributing to this conceptual approach, this article pursues the role of the paradigm of rational choice in topical (2019 – 2023) research on sustainable consumption. By way of a theory-based review, the particular areas of sustainable consumption research in which social exchange is applied are scrutinized, highlighting specific structures and inclinations in terms of the history of ideas. The findings point out a preference towards the sociological take on social exchange theory (as opposed to the socio-psychological) and demonstrate that the application of social exchange theory is significant particular in research on sharing economy. On the other hand, no application of social exchange theory in areas of sustainable consumption like minimalism, downshifting or voluntary simplicity could be documented.
Intersectionality in Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies: A Critical Review
Authors: Zhang Anna Yinqi , Gao Ge
Published: February 2024

The review article draws on key literature on intersectionality: theory, methodology, and empirical applications in Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies. The review points out the urgent need to account for diverse learners’ intersectional identities (racial/ethnic backgrounds, gender, linguistic ability, citizenship status, and other social identity markers) and embrace a social-justice-oriented praxis in education. We argue that integrating the intersectionality framework with existing learning theories, methods (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed), and pedagogies is possible and necessary. Based on the critical review, we propose four recommendations for researchers and practitioners in Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies: (a) staying faithful to the activism and liberatory commitment of intersectionality, (b) adopting appropriate method(s) and methodology with sound epistemological and axiological orientations, (c) reconceptualizing extant learning theories, which entails the re-thinking and validation of some education and psychological constructs, and (d) encouraging teaching and research on intersectionality and/or from an intersectional lens. The review article can serve as a guideline to incorporate intersectionality as theory and analytical framework. It is only through these practices that center intersectionality that we, as researchers and practitioners, become capable of creating a more equitable and inclusive learning environment from K-12 to Higher Education.
Análise de Técnicas de Aumento de Dados para Processamento de Linguagem Natural
Authors: Silva Deivid , Carvalho Ottoni André Luiz
Published: February 2024

O estudo do processamento de linguagem natural (PLN) e essencial para a interação humano-computador do futuro, pois fornece aos computadores a capacidade de compreender a Linguagem Natural. Entretanto, ha uma escassez de pesquisas científicas, especialmente voltadas para a língua portuguesa, que abordem qualitativamente as técnicas de aumento de dados para PLN. Dessa forma, os objetivos deste trabalho são listar e descrever técnicas de aumento de dados para o processamento de linguagem natural e entender o impacto dessas técnicas em dois sistemas de conversação. Para isso, a metodologia proposta nesse trabalho abordou as seguintes etapas: uma revisão de literatura em artigos cient íficos relevantes sobre a tematica; a implementação de dois sistemas de conversação com redes neurais treinadas nos cenários com aumento de dados e sem aumento de dados. Nos resultados, com a aplicação das técnicas de EDA e BackTranslation, obteve-se 94,43% e 92,14% de acurácia com os dados aumentados a partir do primeiro dataset e 86,92% de acurácia com os dados aumentados a partir do segundo dataset, Além de melhorias gerais nas métricas de precisão e recall. Concluiu-se que as técnicas abordadas geram melhoria de desempenho satisfatoria e importante diversificação dos textos de treino.
Avaliação de Reconhecimento de Entidades Nomeadas a partir de Embedding Criado para o Contexto de Segurança Pública
Authors: Barreto Leonidia , Jaber Pedro , Figueiredo Karla , Brito Walkir
Published: February 2024

O Reconhecimento de Entidades Nomeadas tem sido de grande valia para a Segurança Publica. No entanto, as denuncias feitas pela população, escritas em l íngua portuguesa brasileira coloquial, Além de possuírem vocabulario específico, contem muitos erros ortográficos e gramaticais, o que dificulta o trabalho de extração de informação a partir de ferramentas e bibliotecas disponíveis publicamente. Sendo assim, a construção de um modelo de Word Embedding contextualizado para Segurança Publica, torna acessíveis tais informaçoes para modelos de Machine Learning. Desse modo, esse trabalho Além de corpus e Word Emnedding voltado para Segurança Publica, apresenta um modelo para Reconhecimento de Entidades Nomeadas. O uso deste Word Embedding desenvolvido, aumenta em de 5,34% a acurácia média quando comparados ao uso de Word Embedding publico, indicando ser um caminho promissor nesse contexto.
Russian Imperial Identity in the Reign of Anna Ioannovna and the Birth of the Petrine Myth
Authors:   ITMO University, Belousov Alexander S.
Published: February 2024

The paper is devoted to the issue of self-identification of the Russian monarchy of the 18th century and its environment. The authorities and elites constantly turned to the symbolic practices of succession to Peter I in the process of acquiring a new imperial identity. They manifested themselves in various forms: legislative acts, calendar, holidays of Peter’s dates, illuminations, etc. The personality of Peter I and adherence to his ideas formed a certain consensus within the political and economic elite, in connection with which the image of the first Russian emperor began to play one of the fundamental roles in the communicative strategies of Russian monarchs of the 18th century. The reign of Anna Ioannovna became a bifurcation point for the mechanism of political self-identification and continuity of the Russian imperial power. In response to the political crisis of 1730, the cult of Peter the Great began to be formed, reflecting the imperial idea of Russia. Anna Ioannovna, taking advantage of the Russian military success in the 1730s, revised the cult to in order to build her own original ideological narrative. It involved emphasizing the empress’s virtues and presenting Russia as the main defender of the Christian world. A subsequent attempt to “debunk” the Petrine cult, on the contrary, led to its strengthening, both among the Russian political elite and a wider strata (guards and officer corps). This finally formed the Petrine myth. The personality of Peter I turned into something transcendent for the political system of the Russian Empire.
Lycaonia: from ancient geography to Khorenatsi and Shirakatsi
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Harutyunyan Hakob Zh.
Published: February 2024

For the first time in historiography, we have made an attempt to consider the historical geography of the region of Lycaonia, which was located on the territory of the modern peninsula of Asia Minor. This area can be called the «Forgotten Territory», since so far not a single scientist has turned to the study of this important part of Asia Minor (except for articles in encyclopedias). Despite the fact that Lycaonia never had its own statehood, from ancient times it played an important role in the relations of the great powers of the ancient world. Comparing the data of «Ancient Armenian Geography («Ashkharatsuyts»/«Աշխարհացույց»), first of all, with the data of Strabo and Ptolemy, we found out how the boundaries of this region have changed in relation to neighboring states. Consideration of the issue of the territory of Lycaonia is possible on the basis of identifying and studying the orography and hydrography of this region. At the same time, «Ashkharatsuyts» Lycaonia should be compared with the description of this country by Strabo and Ptolemy, and also, in part, with the descriptions of Pliny and other ancient authors (in particular, Herodotus and Xenophon). We analytically examined the issues of urbanization, about which the historian-geographer Claudius Ptolemy presented detailed information. The study of this text requires a hermeneutic approach. It is necessary to analyze literally every word of this message in order to obtain the desired result, which we tried to do in our study within the framework of this article.
Pigment composition in the privilegio rodado of Juan the Second
Authors:   St.Petersburg Institute of History, RAS, Nosova Ekaterina Igorevna , Omeltchenko Daria Mikhajlovna ,   St.Petersburg Institute of History, RAS
Published: February 2024

The article examines the pigments used in the design of the privilege of King Juan II of Castile and Leon to his favorite Alvaro de Luna for a third part of the city of Arevalo. The charter comes from the collection of Academician Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev (1862-1936), held at the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The document belongs to the most solemn type in the Royal Chancellery of Castile; its formula was extremely stable, while its exterior design was dynamic. The design consists of three parts: the initial, the rueda and the border. The study of pigments of was carried out by optical microscopy, multispectral imaging and X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that, contrary to the prevailing opinion in the literature, the pigments were placed on the parchment without any ground or pre-drawing. It was found that both mineral and organic pigments were used. Different pigments were used in different elements of the decoration of the charter. The rueda and initial form one group, the border another. In the first group, red is obtained using pure cinnabar or a mixture of it and red lead. Blue and pink are formed by organic dyes in combination with lead white. The traditional Western European azurite and lapis lazuli are not used. The green is most likely a mixture of orpiment and indigo. This combination was not typical of Western European illuminations of the Late Middle Ages. Copper pigments were more common during this period. Black pigment is represented by soot, white by lead white. Green, on the other hand, is represented by copper pigments in the border, while blue and pink contain no lead. The difference in pigments set may indicate two different stages of the fabrication of the charter, different in time and place. A study also confirmed the use of natural gold, which is consistent with the high status of the recipient of the privilege, Alvaro de Luna, who played an important role in the Castilian court. Refs. 30.