bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeling compassion and responsible but not starting a social venture: role of empathy and moral obligation in social entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Ukil Minhajul Islam , Almashayekhi Abdullah , Ullah Muhammad Shariat
Published: April 2023

Purpose

While compassionate and morally motivated people are theorised to be more likely to engage in activities that contribute to the social good, the literature provides contradictory evidence regarding the role of empathy and moral obligation in building social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). This study aims to clarify how empathy and moral obligation influence SEI.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used survey data (n = 307) from Bangladesh, a frontier economy, to test the hypothesised relationships between empathy, moral obligation and SEI by applying partial least square–structural equation modelling in Smart PLS 3. They then conducted a second study with a larger sample (n = 339) from Saudi Arabia, an emerging economy, to further investigate how the findings withstand in a different socio-economic context.

Findings

The findings contradicted extant conceptualisations and revealed that empathy and moral obligation influence SEI indirectly through other individual and contextual factors, such as social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. The findings indicate that a person with a feeling of compassion and moral responsibility to help others will not start a social venture unless they feel capable and supported to start and run the venture.

Originality/value

The study contributes to a contentious area of research in SEI by demonstrating the links between various individual-level (empathy, moral obligation and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and contextual-level (perceived social support) variables and their relationship with SEI.
Cutaneous infection caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum: Case reports and literature review of infections by Purpureocillium and Paecilomyces in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Kun‐Lin , Wang Yu‐Hsin , Ting Sze‐Wen , Sun Pei‐Lun
Published: April 2023

Hyalohyphomycosis is a rare infection caused by a group of fungi that are devoid of pigments in their cell walls. As one of the main pathogens of hyalohyphomycosis, Purpureocillium lilacinum (former Paecilomyces lilacinus) is known for its intrinsic resistance to various antifungal agents. Here, we report three cases that coincide with a history of farming and all of them suffered from cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum. They shared a clinical presentation consisting of erythematous‐to‐violaceous painful plaques with overlying pustules on one of their forearms. Hyphae and fungal elements were highlighted by periodic acid Schiff or Gomori methenamine silver staining in their skin biopsies. Fungal cultures of their skin tissues yielded P. lilacinum, which was confirmed by both morphological and molecular characteristics. All patients responded well to oral terbinafine or itraconazole treatment. In this report, we also reviewed previously reported cases associated with either P. lilacinum or other Paecilomyces spp. infections in Taiwan.
New Labour in Power: Five Problems of Contemporary History
Authors: O'Hara Glen
Published: April 2023

The history of New Labour is highly politicised, deployed either for its policy lessons (good or bad) or as a weapon in Labour's factional struggles. But, just as historians in the 1990s reassessed the premierships of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, so the distance of time and the opening of archives offers an opportunity to reappraise New Labour as history. Such work raises five methodological challenges: the lack of sufficient distance from the subject to tell whether policy innovations will remain popular and permanent; the long shadow the Iraq war casts over this whole period; the deluge of data and sources available; the continuing and controversial part that key actors, such as Tony Blair, are still playing; and the lack of expertise any one author will inevitably face in some policy areas. This article addresses each of those difficulties in turn.
Simulating plasticity as a framework for understanding habitat selection and its role in adaptive capacity and extinction risk through an expansion of CDMetaPOP
Authors: Seaborn Travis , Landguth Erin L. , Caudill Christopher C.
Published: April 2023

Adaptive capacity can present challenges for modelling as it encompasses multiple ecological and evolutionary processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow and phenotypic plasticity. Spatially explicit, individual‐based models provide an outlet for simulating these complex interacting eco‐evolutionary processes. We expanded the existing Cost‐Distance Meta‐POPulation (CDMetaPOP) framework with inducible plasticity modelled as a habitat selection behaviour, using temperature or habitat quality variables, with a genetically based selection threshold conditioned on past individual experience. To demonstrate expected results in the new module, we simulated hypothetical populations and then evaluated model performance in populations of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) across three watersheds where temperatures induce physiological stress in parts of the stream network. We ran simulations using projected warming stream temperature data under four scenarios for alleles that: (1) confer thermal tolerance, (2) bestow plastic habitat selection, (3) give both thermal tolerance and habitat selection preference and (4) do not provide either thermal tolerance or habitat selection. Inclusion of an adaptive allele decreased declines in population sizes, but this impact was greatly reduced in the relatively cool stream networks. As anticipated with the new module, high‐temperature patches remained unoccupied by individuals with the allele operating plastically after exposure to warm temperatures. Using complete habitat avoidance above the stressful temperature threshold, habitat selection reduced the overall population size due to the opportunity cost of avoiding areas with increased, but not guaranteed, mortality. Inclusion of plasticity within CDMetaPOP will provide the potential for genetic or plastic traits and ‘rescue’ to affect eco‐evolutionary dynamics for research questions and conservation applications.
Shifting the literature from who and when to why: Identifying cyberloafing motives
Authors: Henle Christine A.
Published: April 2023

In their review of the literature, Lim and Teo (2022) detail the individual, interpersonal, and situational antecedents of cyberloafing, which sheds light on which employees may be predisposed toward this behavior (e.g., younger, male, single, highly educated, and extraverts). Furthermore, they point out that certain situational factors enhance the likelihood of cyberloafing at work (e.g., easy access to the Internet at work, low visibility of one's computer screen, coworker approval of or engagement in the behavior). Although the who and when are informative, an important piece of the puzzle is missing, the why. We need to move beyond descriptive research and seek to identify the motives driving employees' choice to cyberloaf. This knowledge will help determine whether cyberloafing is harmful or helpful as well as how company policies should approach this behavior.
Physicians' views on pharmacists' involvement in hospital deprescribing: A qualitative study on proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Gendre Pauline , Mayol Severine , Mocquard Julie , Huon Jean‐François
Published: April 2023

Background

Clinical pharmacists have a pivotal role in the management of the patient's medication. However, it is necessary to know how pharmacist‐mediated deprescribing could be implemented in a hospital setting according to hospital physicians.

Objective

To explore physicians' views on the involvement of hospital pharmacists in the deprescribing process using the example of PPIs.

Methods

A qualitative study using two focus groups with hospital physicians was conducted to determine their attitudes regarding deprescribing initiated by the hospital pharmacist. The interviews were recorded and transcribed using the NVivo analysis software. A thematic analysis led to a categorization of all the verbatims.

Results

Hospital doctors are reluctant to deprescribe drugs initiated by a colleague and feel that it is the responsibility of the general practitioner (GP), who fails to do so due to lack of time. In this situation, the hospital pharmacist is in the best position to deprescribe because of his/her expertise in drug therapy. This should be a discussion between the hospital pharmacist, the hospital doctor, the GP and the patient. Deprescribing should always be adapted to the patient's context.

Conclusion

Hospital physicians are open to a pharmacist‐mediated, patient‐centred approach to deprescribing as long as the GP is involved.
The experience of relatives and friends of patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CKD‐REIN cohort study
Authors: Montalescot Lucile , Dorard Géraldine , Speyer Elodie , Legrand Karine , Ayav Carole , Combe Christian , Stengel Bénédicte , Untas Aurélie
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The transition from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT; i.e., dialysis or transplantation) to sustain life is a stressful event for patients. Families play a role in patients' treatment decision‐making, but little is known about how they are involved. This study aimed to explore the experience of CKD among relatives and friends, their views and involvement in KRT choice.

Design/Methods

We conducted a qualitative study among 56 relatives or friends of patients with moderate to advanced CKD who were enrolled in the CKD‐REIN cohort study. A psychologist conducted semi‐structured interviews about their experience with CKD, treatment decision‐making and their role in this process. Data were analysed using statistical text analysis.

Results

The mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 14 years; 75% were women, 61% were patients' partners and 48% had a relative or friend with stage G4 CKD. The analysis yielded four lexical classes: listeners with an opinion, coping with CKD on a daily basis, narrating patients' nephrological monitoring and emotions behind facts. Participants reported a listening role in the decision‐making period and information needs. Some reported that CKD had no impact on their own daily lives, but others talked about its current and future physical, psychological and social consequences on them, the patients and their relationships.

Conclusions

Most relatives/friends reported having little influence on KRT decision‐making but expressed opinions on these treatments. Including relatives/friends in education on KRT and providing them with decision aids, especially when family members are supportive, may allow for more suitable decisions.
Splitting one species into 22: an unusual tripling of molecular, morphological, and geographical differentiation in the fern family Didymochlaenaceae (Polypodiales)
Authors: Shang Hui , Xue Zhi‐Qing , Liang Zhen‐Long , Kessler Michael , Pollawatn Rossarin , Lu Ngan Thi , Gu Yu‐Feng , Fan Xue‐Ping , Tan Yun‐Hong , Zhang Liang , Zhou Xin‐Mao , Wan Xia , Zhang Li‐Bing
Published: April 2023

The pantropical fern genusDidymochlaena(Didymochlaenaceae) has long been considered to contain one species only. Recent studies have resolved this genus/family as either sister to the rest of eupolypods I or as the second branching lineage of eupolypods I, and have shown that this genus is not monospecific, but the exact species diversity is unknown. In this study, a new phylogeny is reconstructed based on an expanded taxon sampling and six molecular markers. Our major results include: (i)Didymochlaenais moderately or weakly supported as sister to the rest of eupolypods I, highlighting the difficulty in resolving the relationships of this important fern lineage in the polypods; (ii) species inDidymochlaenaare resolved into a New World clade and an Old World clade, and the latter further into an African clade and an Asian‐Pacific clade; (iii) an unusual tripling of molecular, morphological and geographical differentiation inDidymochlaenais detected, suggesting single vicariance or dispersal events in individual regions and no evidence for reversals at all, followed by allopatric speciation at more or less homogeneous rates; (iv) evolution of 18 morphological characters is inferred and two morphological synapomorphies defining the family are recognized—the elliptical sori and fewer than 10 sori per pinnule, the latter never having been suggested before; (v) based on morphological and molecular variation, 22 species in the genus are recognized contrasting with earlier estimates of between one and a few; and (vi) our biogeographical analysis suggests an origin forDidymochlaenain the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous and the initial diversification of the extant lineages in the Miocene—all but one species diverged from their sisters within the last 27 Myr, in most cases associated with allopatric speciation owing to geologic and climatic events, or dispersal.
Defying gravity: The determinants of China's outbound mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Cheng Zhongming , Lin Shengle
Published: April 2023

We find that the determinants of China's outbound M&As depart dramatically from the literature. First, China's M&A volume with a target country is not affected by geographic distance, currency appreciation, or stock market return. Second, Chinese acquirers pick an unconventional uphill battle by primarily targeting countries with greater cultural distance, stronger investor protection laws, and higher per capita income. We also document that China's outbound M&As have a higher than normal percentage of deals being partial acquisitions. We argue that emerging markets can differ remarkably from developed countries in the considerations and modes of outbound M&As.
The expanding universe of NUTM1 fusions in pediatric cancer
Authors: Charlab Rosane , Racz Rebecca
Published: April 2023

NUT midline carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) fusions were originally identified in poorly differentiated and clinically aggressive carcinomas typically located in the midline structures of children and young adults, and collectively known as NUT (midline) carcinomas. Next‐generation sequencing later uncovered NUTM1 fusions in a variety of other pediatric and adult cancers of diverse location and type, including hematologic malignancies, cutaneous adnexal tumors, and sarcomas. A vast array of NUTM1 fusions with bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) or bromodomain containing 3 (BRD3), which are characteristic of NUT carcinoma, and with several other fusion partners have been identified and associated with variable prognosis. These non‐kinase fusions are thought to cause epigenetic reprogramming, thereby promoting proliferation, and hindering the differentiation of cancer cells. Many questions about both the function of the naïve NUTM1 protein, which is mostly restricted to the germ cells of the testis and is related to spermatogenesis and the oncogenic mechanisms of the various NUTM1 fusions in both adult and pediatric cancer, are still unanswered. Moreover, whether there is a relationship defined by the presence of NUTM1 fusions between conventional NUT carcinoma and other NUTM1‐rearranged neoplasms remains to be elucidated. This review will focus on recent discoveries of NUTM1 fusions found in pediatric cancers, their prognostic impact, and emergence as novel oncogenic drivers.
To follow the market or the parent system: Evidence from health IT adoption by hospital chains
Authors: Lin Jianjing
Published: April 2023

I study how hospital chains consider the tradeoff between internal and external network benefits in technology adoption. I estimate a discrete‐choice model that characterizes adoption decisions using a national sample of U.S. hospitals from 2005 to 2014. After instrumenting a vendor's market and system shares, I find affiliated hospitals tend to choose the internally preferred vendor, but experienced adopters also welcome external popular options. Factors affecting the tradeoff include chain size and the need for internal coordination. The stronger incentives for internal integration in health IT adoption among chains might create frictions to sharing information externally.
Interspecific territoriality has facilitated recent increases in the breeding habitat overlap of North American passerines
Authors: Nesbit Daniel A. , Cowen Madeline C. , Grether Gregory F. , Drury Jonathan P.
Published: April 2023

As species' ranges shift in response to human‐induced global changes, species interactions are expected to play a large role in shaping the resultant range dynamics and, subsequently, the composition of modified species assemblages. Most research on the impact of species interactions on range dynamics focuses on the effects of trophic interactions and exploitative competition for resources, but an emerging body of work shows that interspecific competition for territories and mates also affects species range shifts. As such, it is paramount to build a strong understanding of how these forms of behavioural interference between species impact landscape‐scale patterns. Here, we examine recent (1997–2019) range dynamics of North American passerines to test the hypothesis that behavioural interference impacts the ease with which species move across landscapes. Over this 22 year period, we found that fine‐scale spatial overlap between species (syntopy) increased more for species pairs that engage in interspecific territoriality than for those that do not. We found no evidence, however, for an effect of reproductive interference (hybridisation) on syntopy, and no effect of either type of interference on range‐wide overlap (sympatry). Examining the net effects of species interactions on continent‐scale range shifts may require species occurrence data spanning longer time periods than are currently available for North American passerines, but our results show that interspecific territoriality has had an overall stabilising influence on species coexistence over the past two decades.
Demographic predictors of lack of current mental health treatment among university students with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Gouse Brittany M. , Schwarz Aviva G. , Gibbs Jada S. , Weinberg Janice M. , Yue Han , Chava Anisha , Brown Hannah E.
Published: April 2023

Aim

To identify the demographic predictors of lack of current mental health (MH) treatment among university students with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).

Methods

Adult university students with a self‐identified diagnosis of an SSD (schizophreniform, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) were identified from the 2019–2020 Healthy Minds Study survey. In this study, pertinent demographic factors included age, race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, sexual orientation, parental education, financial stress, and employment. Multivariable modelling was used to investigate the demographic predictors of lack of current psychotherapy treatment, no current antipsychotic use, and lack of any MH treatment (defined as concurrent lack of psychotherapy and antipsychotic treatment).

Results

Of the 135 included students with a SSD, the median age was 23 years old and 79 (58.5%) were assigned female at birth. Fifty‐five participants (40.7%) lacked any current MH treatment. In fully adjusted models, lack of current MH treatment was associated with working more than 20 h per week (OR 2.9 [1.2–7.1], p = 0.02). No current antipsychotic use was associated with Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity (OR 4.2 (1.2–14.5), p = 0.04). Lack of current psychotherapy treatment was associated with cisgender male identity (OR 5.5 [2.0–15.2], p < 0.01), working greater than 20 hours per week (OR 6.5 [2.2–19.2], p < 0.01), and having one or more structural or attitudinal barriers to care (OR = 4.6 [1.5–13.9], p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The demographic predictors of lack of current MH treatment varied between psychotherapy and antipsychotic use, suggesting university health centres should consider interventions targeting several at‐risk populations to increase treatment use among students with a SSD.
A spatially explicit trait‐based approach uncovers changes in assembly processes under warming
Authors: Bektaş Billur , Thuiller Wilfried , Renaud Julien , Guéguen Maya , Calderón‐Sanou Irene , Valay Jean‐Gabriel , Colace Marie‐Pascale , Münkemüller Tamara
Published: April 2023

The re‐assembly of plant communities during climate warming depends on several concurrent processes. Here, we present a novel framework that integrates spatially explicit sampling, plant trait information and a warming experiment to quantify shifts in these assembly processes. By accounting for spatial distance between individuals, our framework allows separation of potential signals of environmental filtering from those of different types of competition. When applied to an elevational transplant experiment in the French Alps, we found common signals of environmental filtering and competition in all communities. Signals of environmental filtering were generally stronger in alpine than in subalpine control communities, and warming reduced this filter. Competition signals depended on treatments and traits: Symmetrical competition was dominant in control and warmed alpine communities, while hierarchical competition was present in subalpine communities. Our study highlights how distance‐dependent frameworks can contribute to a better understanding of transient re‐assembly dynamics during environmental change.
Effects of pulsed dye laser treatment in psoriasis: A nerve‐wrecking process?
Authors: Doppegieter Meagan , van der Beek Nick , Bakker Erik N. T. P. , Neumann Martino H. A. , van Bavel Ed
Published: April 2023

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy can be effective in treating psoriasis, with a long duration of remission. Although PDL therapy, albeit on a modest scale, is being used for decades now, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the long‐term remission of psoriasis remain poorly understood. The selective and rapid absorption of energy by the blood causes heating of the vascular wall and surrounding structures, like perivascular nerves. Several studies indicate the importance of nerves in psoriatic inflammation. Interestingly, denervation leads to a spontaneous remission of the psoriatic lesion. Among all dermal nerves, the perivascular nerves are the most likely to be affected during PDL treatment, possibly impairing the neuro‐inflammatory processes that promote T‐cell activation, expression of adhesion molecules, leukocyte infiltration and cytokine production. Repeated PDL therapy could cause a prolonged loss of innervation through nerve damage, or result in a ‘reset’ of neurogenic inflammation after temporary denervation. The current hypothesis provides strong arguments that PDL treatment affects nerve fibres in the skin and thereby abrogates the persistent and exaggerated inflammatory process underlying psoriasis, causing a long‐term remission of psoriasis.
Cracking during freeze‐drying in dense freeze cast ceramics: Role of drying rate
Authors: Pinches Samuel , Franks George V.
Published: April 2023

Cracks can form during the freeze‐drying of freeze cast ceramic suspensions while attempting to produce dense ceramics. The suspensions contain alumina particles dispersed in cyclohexane. The rate of drying is controlled by the pressure and temperature during drying (slow drying at atmospheric pressure and −15°C and fast drying under vacuum while the temperature slowly increases from −80°C to room temperature). X‐Ray micro‐computed tomography was used to characterize internal crack formation. Cracks were found to occur during freeze‐drying rather than during freezing. Both slow and fast drying produced cracks, although two different morphologies were observed. Mechanistic models are proposed for the formation of both types of cracks. The rate of freezing was found to influence the formation of cracks. Slow freezing tended to reduce the formation of drying cracks because the slower freezing produced a more heterogeneous distribution of particles and porous regions, which tends to allow stress to be relieved by opening up existing pores rather than forming cracks in the more homogeneous fast frozen bodies.
Phase 1 of collaborative action around the implementation of virtual hearing aid care: Development of a clinical practice guideline
Authors: Glista Danielle , O'Hagan Robin , DiFabio Danielle , Moodie Sheila , Muñoz Karen , Curca Ioan Aurelian , Meston Christine , Richert Frances , Pfingstgraef Dave , Nageswaran Luxshmi , Brown Christine , Joseph Keiran , Bagatto Marlene
Published: April 2023

Rationale

There is a growing demand for comprehensive, evidence‐based, and accessible clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to address virtual service delivery. This demand was particularly evident within the field of hearing healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic, when providers were faced with an immediate need to offer services at a distance. Considering the recent advancement in information and communication technologies, the slow uptake of virtual care, and the lack of knowledge tools to support clinical integration in hearing healthcare, a Knowledge‐to‐Action Framework was used to address the virtual care delivery research‐to‐practice gap.

Aims and Objectives

This paper outlines the development of a CPG specific to provider‐directed virtual hearing aid care. Clinical integration of the guideline took place during the COVID‐19 pandemic and in alignment with an umbrella project aimed at implementing and evaluating virtual hearing aid care incorporating many different stakeholders.

Method

Evidence from two systematic literature reviews guided the CPG development. Collaborative actions around knowledge creation resulted in the development of a draft CPG (v1.9) and the mobilisation of the guideline into participating clinical sites.

Results and Conclusion

Literature review findings are discussed along with the co‐creation process that included 13 team members, from various research and clinical backgrounds, who participated in the writing, revising, and finalising of the draft version of the guideline.
Debt enforcement, financial leverage, and product failures: Evidence from China and the United States
Authors: Yang Yaopan , Li Songsong , Wu Hengqin
Published: April 2023

Building on capital structure and product market interactions, and the role of debt enforcement in leveraged firms' investments, we examine whether cross‐country debt enforcement can produce different associations between financial leverage and product failures. Results show that different debt enforcement systems can generate opposite leverage effects. In countries with weak/nearly ineffective debt enforcement, financial leverage shows an incentive investment effect due to low default costs, and thus highly leveraged firms tend to invest more and are less likely to have product failures. Conversely, in countries with strict/effective debt enforcement, distressed companies tend to have an underinvestment effect and more product failures.
Economic optimization of coastal flood defence systems including storm surge barrier closure reliability
Authors: Mooyaart Leslie F. , Bakker Alexander M. R. , van den Bogaard Johan A. , Rijcken Ties , Jonkman Sebastiaan N.
Published: April 2023

Storm surge barriers are large movable hydraulic structures which close during a storm surge to prevent coastal floods. In the regions they protect, a failure to close the barrier is often the most likely cause for a catastrophic flood. Nevertheless, flood risk assessments usually only focus on raising flood defences behind the barrier. Despite its importance, there is no general method to assess the costs and benefits of improving the closure reliability. This paper presents a model that optimises investments considering both closure reliability improvements and raising flood defences behind the barrier, using the region protected by the Maeslant barrier as a case. We substantiate that constructing the Maeslant barrier was an optimal economic decision. Moreover, we demonstrate large investments such as a redundant barrier already being economically sound with a few decimetres of sea level rise. Based on our experience with this case study, we expect the model is useful in finding strategies to adapt to rising sea levels and other developments that cause coastal flood risk to rise worldwide.
The role of microglia in 67NR mammary tumor‐induced suppression of brain responses to immune challenges in female mice
Authors: Otto‐Dobos L. D. , Santos J. C. , Strehle L. D. , Grant C. V. , Simon L. A. , Oliver B. , Godbout J. P. , Sheridan J. F. , Barrientos R. M. , Glasper E. R. , Pyter L. M.
Published: April 2023

It is poorly understood how solid peripheral tumors affect brain neuroimmune responses despite the various brain‐mediated side effects and higher rates of infection reported in cancer patients. We hypothesized that chronic low‐grade peripheral tumor‐induced inflammation conditions microglia to drive suppression of neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent peripheral immune challenge. Here, Balb/c murine mammary tumors attenuated the microglial inflammatory gene expression responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenges and the fatigue response to an E. coli infection. In contrast, the inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS or a toll‐like receptor 2 agonist of Percoll‐enriched primary microglia cultures was comparable between tumor‐bearing and ‐free mice, as were the neuroinflammatory and sickness behavioral responses to an intracerebroventricular interleukin (IL)‐1β injection. These data led to the hypothesis that Balb/c mammary tumors blunt the neuroinflammatory responses to an immune challenge via a mechanism involving tumor suppression of the peripheral humoral response. Balb/c mammary tumors modestly attenuated select circulating cytokine responses to LPS and E. coli challenges. Further, a second mammary tumor/mouse strain model (E0771 tumors in C57Bl/6 mice) displayed mildly elevated inflammatory responses to an immune challenge. Taken together, these data indicate that tumor‐induced suppression of neuroinflammation and sickness behaviors may be driven by a blunted microglial phenotype, partly because of an attenuated peripheral signal to the brain, which may contribute to infection responses and behavioral side effects reported in cancer patients. Finally, these neuroimmune effects likely vary based on tumor type and/or host immune phenotype.

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Side effects after hyaluronic acid facial injection in adults during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: López Petra Vega , García Paloma Tejero , López‐Pitalúa Juan Antonio , Pinto Hernán
Published: April 2023

Background

Different causes may be responsible for delayed inflammatory reactions after hyaluronic acid injections, among them several mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2.

Aims

The study's objective was to assess the percentage of adverse reactions after hyaluronic acid injections in a cohort of adult patients with a test for SARS‐CoV‐2 or vaccinated during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Patients/Methods

An observational, retrospective, comparative, multi‐center, non‐interventional in a real‐life setting study was carried out with patients treated with facial injections of hyaluronic acid from May to September 2021, with a test to discard SARS‐COV 2 or that had been vaccinated.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were included. Seven (11.1%) were vaccinated patients without a test for SaRS‐CoV‐2 and 56 (88.9%) with antigenic or PCR screening tests (18 [32.1%] negative and 39 [69.6%] positives for COVID‐19). The mean age was 51.3 (SD 12.71; range 23–70), and 57 (90.5%) were female. Twenty‐three patients (36.5%) had a history of adverse events with hyaluronic acid injections. During the study, 15 adverse events were reported; 11 patients (73.3%) had a history (p = 0.0018); two patients (13.3%) had been vaccinated; 13 (86.7%) had performed a SARS‐CoV2 test (six [46.2%] negatives, and seven [53.8%] with a positive result; p = 0.5969). All adverse study events were resolved, and none had sequelae.

Conclusion

Adverse events after hyaluronic acid facial injections were higher among patients with a history but not among those diagnosed with COVID‐19. The new scenario related to COVID‐19 infections or vaccinations would require readapting criteria for applying hyaluronic acid injections.
Critical care nurses' role in the decision‐making process of withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Heradstveit Siri Hammersland , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Solberg Marianne Trygg , Steindal Simen A.
Published: April 2023

Aim

To synthesise the qualitative evidence regarding the role of critical care nurses in the decision‐making process of withdrawing life‐sustaining treatment in critically ill adults.

Design

Qualitative systematic review.

Review Methods

This qualitative systematic review employed the guidelines of Bettany‐Saltikov and McSherry. The review was reported according to the ENTREQ checklist. Pairs of authors independently assessed eligibility, appraised methodological quality and extracted data. Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis.

Data Sources

CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published between January 2001 and November 2021.

Results

Twenty‐three studies were included. Three analytical themes were synthesised: performing ethical decision‐making to safeguard patients' needs rights, and wishes; tailoring a supporting role to guide the family's decision‐making process; and taking on the role of the middleman by performing coordination.

Conclusion

The role of the critical care nurses in the decision‐making process in withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment requires experience and the development of the clinical perspective of critical care nurses.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Enhanced knowledge of the decision‐making process of withdrawing life‐sustaining treatment can prepare critical care nurses to be more equipped to master this role and enhance their ability to handle the emotional and moral stress associated with this part of the critical care unit.

Impact

The literature reveals the complex and challenging role of critical care nurses during the decision‐making process of withdrawing life‐sustaining treatment. Critical care nurses perform ethical decision‐making to safeguard patients' concerns, guide the family's decision‐making process and take on the role of the middleman. The findings have implications for critical nurses working in critical care units in hospitals and for educators and students in training in critical care nursing.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was included.
A modified and effective stem inoculation technique for artificial screening against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in mustard
Authors: Trivedi Shubha , Jambhulkar Prashant P. , Kumar Shailendra , Niranjan Pushpendra
Published: April 2023

Sclerotinia stem rot (SR) disease emerged as a potential threat in most mustard‐growing regions globally. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic pathogen, causes considerable damage to the crop under congenial environments. The sclerotia even under adverse conditions can survive up to 5 years in the soil. The use of resistant sources is the only mean to combat the pathogen. The development of an effective inoculation technique can facilitate the identification of new sources of resistance rapidly. Investigations on resistant sources using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium for artificial stem inoculation are ongoing under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on rapeseed‐mustard for many years but no resistant sources could been identified. In the present study, two non‐injury stem inoculation techniques using sorghum grains and PDA medium as a basal medium were tested on 11 brassica entries for up to three consecutive years. Results revealed that sorghum grain‐based inoculum was found efficient for disease development and lesion formation in brassica entries compared with PDA‐based inoculum. Among the entries, a maximum disease incidence of 42.3% was recorded in entry DRMR 5206 followed by DRMRSJ‐20, DRMRSJ‐22 and DRMR 2017‐8 with 42.1%, 41.8% and 41.3% SR incidence, respectively. In PDA disc inoculation maximum SR incidence of 30.8% was observed in DRMRSJ‐26 followed by DRMR 5206, DRMRSJ‐25 and DRMRSJ‐2017‐18 with 27.5%–24.9%, respectively. Lesion length was more in entries inoculated with fungal mycelium multiplied on sorghum grains compared with the PDA disc inoculation method. The statistical analysis and results of p‐value (<.00001) showed a significant difference between tested methodologies. Thus, the sorghum grain‐based inoculation technique is an appropriate, economic and effective non‐injury inoculation technique for artificial screening against S. sclerotiorum in the mustard crop. This technique can be used to screen a large number of brassica entries more efficiently with less labour and time.
Serum nerve growth factor in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness
Authors: Kendall Anna , Lützelschwab Claudia , Lundblad Johan , Skiöldebrand Eva
Published: April 2023

Background

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that is increased in osteoarthritic joints of horses. In humans, NGF has been associated with pain, and both synovial and serum NGF concentrations are increased in osteoarthritic patients. Studies in humans also have shown that serum NGF concentration can increase with stress. Serum NGF concentration should be evaluated in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness.

Objectives

Quantify and compare serum NGF concentration in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness and sound horses. Additionally, the impact of short‐term stress on serum NGF concentration was investigated.

Animals

Lame horses with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (n = 20), lame horses without radiographic changes in the affected joint (n = 20) and sound horses (n = 20). In addition, horses with acute fractures (n = 9) were sampled. To determine the effect of stress, serum from horses subjected to a stressful event (transportation, n = 5; stress confirmed by increased serum cortisol concentration) was analyzed.

Methods

Cross‐sectional clinical study (lame, sound, and fracture cohorts) and experimental longitudinal study (stress cohort). Serum NGF concentration was determined using a quantitative sandwich ELISA.

Results

Serum NGF concentration was increased in lame horses with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (P < .0001; median, 238 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 63‐945 pg/mL) and in lame horses without radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in the painful joint (P < .05; median, 31 pg/mL; IQR, 31‐95 pg/mL) compared with sound horses (median, 31 pg/mL; IQR, 31‐46 pg/mL). Serum NGF concentration did not increase with short‐term stress and was low in horses with fracture‐associated pain.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Serum NGF concentration was high in the cohort with advanced osteoarthritis and should be investigated as a marker for osteoarthritis‐associated pain.
Overlaps and trade‐offs in the diversity and inducibility of volatile chemical profiles among diverse sympatric neotropical canopy trees
Authors: Frost Christopher J.
Published: April 2023

A central goal in ecology is to understand the mechanisms by which biological diversity is maintained. The diversity of plant chemical defences and the strategies by which they are deployed in nature may influence biological diversity. Trees in neotropical forests are subject to relatively high herbivore pressure. Such consistent pressure is thought to select for constitutive, non‐flexible defence‐related phytochemistry with limited capacity for inducible phytochemical responses. However, this has not been explored for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have a relatively low ratio of production costs to ecological benefits. To test this, I sampled VOCs emitted from canopy leaves of 10 phylogenetically diverse tree species (3 Magnoliids and 7 Rosids) in the Peruvian Amazon before and after induction with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA). There was no phylogenetic signal in induction or magnitude of MeJA‐induced VOC emissions from intact leaves: all trees induced VOC profiles dominated by β‐ocimene, linalool, and α‐farnesene of varying ratios. Moreover, overall inducibility of VOCs from intact leaves was unrelated to phytochemical diversity or richness. In contrast, experimentally wounded leaves showed considerable phylogeny‐based and MeJA‐independent variation the richness and diversity of constitutive wound‐emitted VOCs. Moreover, VOC inducibility from wounded leaves correlated negatively with phytochemical richness and diversity, potentially indicating a tradeoff in constitutive and inducible defence strategies for non‐volatile specialised metabolites but not for inducible VOCs. Importantly, there was no correlation between any chemical profile and either natural herbivory or leaf toughness. The coexistence of multiple phytochemical strategies in a hyper‐diverse forest has broad implications for competitive and multitrophic interactions, and the evolutionary forces that maintain the exceptional plant biodiversity in neotropical forests.
BORIS/CTCFL‐mediated chromatin accessibility alterations promote a pro‐invasive transcriptional signature in melanoma cells
Authors: Moscona Roy , Janssen Sanne Marlijn , Elchebly Mounib , Papadakis Andreas Ioannis , Rubin Eitan , Spatz Alan
Published: April 2023

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, due to its tendency to metastasize early. Brother of regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS), also known as CCCTC binding factor‐like (CTCFL), is a transcription regulator that becomes ectopically expressed in melanoma. We recently showed that BORIS contributes to melanoma phenotype switching by altering the gene expression program of melanoma cells from an intermediate melanocytic state toward a more mesenchymal‐like state. However, the mechanism underlying this transcriptional switch remains unclear. Here, ATAC‐seq was used to study BORIS‐mediated chromatin accessibility alterations in melanoma cells harboring an intermediate melanocytic state. The gene set that gained promoter accessibility, following ectopic BORIS expression, showed enrichment for biological processes associated with melanoma invasion, while promoters of genes associated with proliferation showed reduced accessibility. Integration of ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq data demonstrated that increased chromatin accessibility was associated with transcriptional upregulation of genes involved in tumor progression processes, and the aberrant activation of oncogenic transcription factors, while reduced chromatin accessibility and downregulated genes were associated with repressed activity of tumor suppressors and proliferation factors. Together, these findings indicate that BORIS mediates transcriptional reprogramming in melanoma cells by altering chromatin accessibility and gene expression, shifting the cellular transcription landscape of melanoma cells toward a mesenchymal‐like genetic signature.
Parity affects the relationship between the insemination–ovulation interval and the conception rate in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Koyama Keisuke , Kubo Tomoaki , Koyama Takeshi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parity and the optimal insemination–ovulation interval (IOI) in lactating dairy cows, as well as the relationship between the optimal timing of artificial insemination (AI) based on the onset of oestrus and parity. A total of 183 postpartum lactating Holstein cows participated in the study and underwent 522 AI procedures using unsorted frozen semen between 2011 and 2018. Transrectal ultrasound was used to detect ovulation times in 326 AI procedures, and a pedometer was used to detect oestrus onset times in 470 AI procedures. An analysis was also performed on data from 265 AI procedures in which all the times of oestrus onset, oestrus end and ovulation were detected. The results showed that ovulation occurring 6–12 h after AI was associated with the numerical highest conception rate in multiparous cows. Moreover, the conception rate was higher when ovulation occurred between 6 and 12 h after AI than when it occurred between 0 and 6 h or 18 and 24 h after AI. In contrast, the effect of IOI on the conception rate in primiparous cows was insignificant. There was no effect of AI timing based on the oestrus onset on the conception rate in either primiparous or multiparous cows. Furthermore, the interval from oestrus onset to ovulation was similar in primiparous and multiparous cows. The difference in optimal IOI between primiparous and multiparous cows may be due to the larger uterus size in multiparous cows. These findings suggest that the optimal timing for AI in multiparous cows is more restricted than in primiparous cows. Therefore, it is essential to carefully determine the timing of AI when it is performed in multiparous cows.
Exergy Transfer and Irreversibility of Metal Foams Filled in a Vertical Channel
Authors: Kiran Kumar K. , Kotresha Banjara , Naik Kishan
Published: April 2023

The aim of this work is to unveil the exergy transfer and overall thermal performance of the metal foams partially filled in varying thicknesses in the vertical channel. The numerical examination performed in this study consists of a heater cum plate assembly which is sited at the core of the vertical channel and the heat transfer from the plates is augmented by placing metal foams with high heat conducting capacities on either side of the channel. The uniqueness of the current investigation is to determine the optimum filling rate in various thicknesses of the channel with respect to overall thermal performance along with exergy transfer. Four different partial filling rates are considered in each thickness of the channel to find the optimum exergy transfer. The integrated Darcy Extended Forchheimer and local thermal non-equilibrium models are used for predicting the flow and heat transfer features via metal foam porous medium. The methodology implemented in this study is affirmed by validating the findings with the literature. The flow and heat transfer, along with exergy and irreversibility parameters are presented and discussed. Results showed that higher working limits permitted by exergy (WLPERe) are obtained for lesser metal foam filling rate as well as for higher metal foam thicknesses for all the cases examined in the study.
Embedded Microfluidic Cooling in Aluminum Nitride HTCC Substrate for High-Power Radio Frequency Chip Array
Authors: Ma Yupu , Wei Tao , Qian Jiyu , Peng Jian
Published: April 2023

Radio frequency (RF) electronics are developing toward high power, high integration, and high-power density, resulting in a continuous increase in heat flux. The traditional high-power RF package, which is usually composed of aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate, aluminum silicon housing shell, and aluminum alloy cold plate, exhibits poor heat dissipation ability and high thickness due to excessive interfaces and a long thermal conduction path. In this paper, aimed at improving heat dissipation ability and reducing the thickness of RF electronics, the microchannel was transferred from the cold plate to the AlN high-temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) substrate which plays the role of electrical connection, structural support, and liquid cooling cold plate. The embedded AlN microchannel cooler was firstly designed. Then, a prototype of the AlN substrate with 64 simulated chip arrays and microchannels was fabricated and the thermal performance was evaluated using an experimental setup. Finally, the thermal performances of the proposed and traditional cooler were compared using a CFD simulation. The results indicated that the proposed embedded cooling structure could enhance the heat-flux dissipation ability by 61% and reduce the packaging thickness by 40% compared with the traditional cooling structure.