bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old Age Pensions Valorization 2023 in the Slovak Republic vis-a-vis Axiological Orientations of Relevant Political Parties
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Geffert Richard
Published: February 2024

Valorization of old age pensions is always very important issue in the whole globalized world (also) in the Slovak Republic. It is systematically and continuously linked to the axiological orientation of the relevant political subjects, who hold the political power and competence to legislate and implement valorization of pension payments. Naturally, the key question is the space (where) as well as the time (when) the valorization process takes place, whether it is a common government term or an exceptional situation for various reasons. The aim of the paper is to identify the valorization mechanisms of old age pension system (the first pillar) in the Slovak Republic in 2023 vis-à-vis the axiological orientations of the political parties that approved and implemented it. As a methods the secondary analysis of statistical outputs was used in the research paper and also the axiological analysis of the political ideologies.
A Study on Art Makeup Design Using Artistic Works of Kieth Haring: Focus on Cartoon Elements
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jeong Jiyeon , Kang Eunju
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze and utilize the cartoonish elements in the pop art imagery of Keith Haring, present an art design based on the results, and suggest new creative ideas and a fresh scope of expression. To that end, the study adopted the methods consisting of contemplation on the theories proposed due to Keith Haring’s characteristics and art makeup based on reviews from previous research, the Internet, and literature on a specific subject and subsequently divided the artists’ cartoonish elements into categories, including icons, partitions, and characters, to propose six art make up designs. As a result, this study first allowed the simple lines and vivid colors of Haring’s artworks to be applied to art makeup. Next, it proposed the directions to extend such expressive realms by connecting art makeup design with cartoonish unique art makeup designs. It is expected that this study can be adopted to develop art makeup design to a greater extent and contribute to carrying out extensive research with wide-ranging subject matter in the future.
A Study on the Stage and Film Adaptation of A.Volodin's Play Five Nights: Focusing on 1959 Г. Topstonogov's Play and 1978 H. Mikhalkov’s Films
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Seungeok
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study how A. Volodin's play Five Nights has been reproduced and recreated through the artistic media of theater and film. And the purpose is to study how the director (film director) discovered and supplemented the hidden side of the play. In other words, the purpose of this paper is to examine how a play, which is a written text, is converted into a form through a play delivered through words and actions, and a movie delivered through video through camera shooting, and the aspects and meaning of that transformation. To this end, this paper selected Topstanogov's play from Vedette in 1959 and Mikhalkov's film from 1978, and studied the directors' original interpretations and complementary aspects of the original text in different time periods and genre characteristics. This paper proposes that it can be actively utilized in the research methodology of media conversion of works of art, which is emerging as a trend in modern culture and arts research.
Exploring the Meaning of Foreign Undergraduate Students' Contest Participation Experiences: Focusing on Interviews with the Winners of the 'Foreigners' Hangul Writing Contest'.
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Seo Hyowon
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of the experience of participating in a Korean language contest for foreigners by interviewing the winners of the Foreigner's Hangul Writing Contest and to consider the educational implications of the experience. For this purpose, 11 participants who won the contest from 2020 to 2023 were recruited by purposive sampling method and focused interviews were conducted using consensus qualitative research methods. The results of the study showed, first, positive changes in learners' perceptions of learning confidence, learning efficacy, adaptation to university life, response from others, and sense of accomplishment after participating in the contest. Second, we found that learners' difficulties in participating in the contest were related to methods, opportunities, and publicity
Effects of Vocal-based Music Intervention Program on the Self-Awareness of Social Beginners: A Case Study
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Mihwa , Park Hyeyoung
Published: February 2024

This study is a case study that explores the contents and changes of self-awareness through A vocal-based music program for beginners in society. The study participants were two men aged 30 and 34, who conducted pre-test, program intervention, post-test, and post-interview procedures for a total of three weeks, and the program was conducted for 45 minutes per session, twice a week, and six sessions in total. As a result, a pre- and post-test was conducted on the Korean version of the self-awareness scale to examine the changes in each question, and The self-awareness content expressed by the participants through post-interviews was analyzed. It is meaningful that this study provided psychological strength to positively accept and utilize relational resources by exploring and expressing their inner selves through vocalization within the social environment.
The Effectiveness of Dance Therapy on Improving Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jin Aekyeong
Published: February 2024

This study is a systematic literature review focused on the effects of applying dance therapy to improve cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease patients. The keywords ‘dance’, ‘Parkinson’s diseases’, ‘non-motor’ and ‘cognitive function’ were used to search the literature published 2015 to 2021 on PubMed. Four studies were reviewed in this study. In all studies, the scores of MoCA, a cognitive function scale for Parkinson's diseases, increased. Moreover, one of the studies demonstrated statistically significant effects on depression and apathy, while another study showed an effect in reducing anxiety. However, only two studies showed statistically significant results in terms of cognitive function, indicating the need for further experimental research on the effects of dance therapy. Additionally, experimental studies considering factors such as sample size, dance genres, and intervention duration are required to establish the evidence for the application of dance therapy.
The Development of a TBL Lesson Plan Applying Edu-tech for Makeup Education
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, An Jeongmin , Jung Jaehyung , Lee Sangwon
Published: February 2024

This study aims to develop the edu-tech-based learning stressed by the 2022 revised curriculum and suggest a specific teaching-learning method applying the TBL currently emphasizing team activities. We chose the ‘beauty styling’ competency element, which needs convergence education, among the makeup subjects of the 2022 revised beauty curriculum and prepared a TBL lesson plan. Then, we surveyed teachers of beauty subjects from 10/1/2023 to 10/31/2023 and verified it using SPSS 22. As a result, all the compositional suitability, educational effects, and practicability of it were verified for its high suitability. Based on this result, we suggest the necessity to prepare training for the practical edu-tech lesson to make it settled down. Then, ways to share lesson plans and teaching materials should be found. Additionally, edu-tech should be considered when preparing the curriculum, teaching and learning, evaluation, etc to develop the creativity-convergence ability of students, and we expect this lesson plan to be used for various subjects.
The Creative Inheritance of Toigye's Reading Method in Sukheungyamaejamdo
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Kiho
Published: February 2024

The reading method that he proposed in Sukheungyamaejamdo is a psychological reading method, in a word, to figure out the author's intention accurately. Figuring out the intention of an author that wrote a classical text means a reader understanding the truth that the author learned by reading the text. Toigye's psychological reading method is, however, very exclusive and singular and can hardly be accepted as a postmodern reading method to allow readers to interpret a text actively. If Toigye's exclusive and singular reading method is supplemented anew with an open and plural reading method, it will hold enough value to be inherited among modern readers. The most essential content of his psychological reading method that should be supplemented in an open and plural viewpoint is to recognize the structural system of a text and the diversity of encounters and conversations between texts and readers. If Toigye's reading method undergoes this procedure, it will still be valid today.
Thematic Analysis on the Grief Experience of Middle-Aged Women in Single-Person Households Who Have Lost Their Pets
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Younhee , Yang Junseok
Published: February 2024

This study was conducted to examine the experiences of loss and the emotional and psychological aspects of coping in middle-aged women in single-person households who have lost their pets. The subjects of the study were three middle-aged women in single-person households, and data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analyzed using Brawn & Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis method. The analysis revealed three central themes and eight sub-themes: 'A New Version of My Family,' 'Complex Emotions Experienced After Loss,' and 'The Process of Coping with Pet Loss.' This study is significant for its qualitative analysis of the deep inner experiences of middle-aged women in single-person households who have experienced the death of their pets. However, it is recommended that future research could explore pet loss experiences in various age groups, as individuals may perceive and cope with death differently based on their developmental stages. Additionally, analyzing characteristics based on gender would also be beneficial.
The Effect of Agency and Career Barriers on Career Decision Level in China University Freshman Students: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Social Support
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, LIU LULU , Kim Eunbin , Kim Dayeong , Jung Jinhee
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the impact of agency on freshman' career decision level in the Chinese university directly and indirectly through career barriers, and also examined the moderation role of social support on the relationship between agency and career barriers. Data were collected from 270 undergraduate engineering freshmen at a large Chinese university. The results showed the mediating effect of career barriers between agency and career decision level, and supported this mediating effect was moderated by social support. The study is expected to offer practical insights for career guidance programs at Chinese universities and provide implications for Korean universities.
The Mediating Effect of Self-directed Learning Ability in the Influence of University Students' Participating in the Learning Community Program Communication Ability on Problem Solving Ability
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Soonmi
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of self-directed learning ability in the effect of university students' participating in the learning community program communication ability on problem solving ability. To achieve the purpose of this study, 356 university students participating in the learning community program were surveyed on communication ability, self-directed learning ability, and problem solving ability. The research method conducted multiple regression analysis to find out the effect of communication ability and self-directed learning ability on problem solving ability. The results showed that communication ability had a significant positive effect on problem solving ability. The results showed that self-directed learning ability had a partial mediating effect on the influence of communication ability and problem solving ability.
Types of Traditional Secret Document and Its Utilization
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Jeonghae
Published: February 2024

In this study, I intended to classify types of feng shui secret documents, investigate how they were written, and examine the reasons for their use. Feng shui experts wrote secret documents reflecting various situational factors. We can say that they lived their lives for others because they searched the auspicious locations based on the skills they have attained throughout their lives and left them to future generations. The period when the feng shui secret documents appeared was mainly a chaotic era. During the social chaos such as the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, the second Japanese invasion of Korea in 1597, the Manchu war in 1636, the period of the Korean empire, and the Japanese colonial period, feng shui secret documents exerted their power more. No matter whether the secrets were true or not, feng shui experts used them in various ways, and they improved their presence and made them receive high commissions. Even if the document was a manuscript, people trusted a feng shui expert with the secret document much more than a feng shui expert who only spoke, so it increased the fees. Feng shui secret document was not simply written but reflected various situations, perceptions, and even the phases of the times. In addition, they used them as a means to raise their commissions and supplement their lack of skills. Thus, there must be follow-up studies to interpret the various meanings and characteristics of the feng shui secret documents.
The Reflection of Naturalistic Ideas Appeared in the Gardens of Korea, China and Japan
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Choi Baesuk
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore what the views of nature and gardens of Korea, China, and Japan are, how naturalistic ideas are expressed and projected in gardens, what their characteristics are, and what their aesthetics and message are to modern gardens. It was conducted using a literature review research method, and the results are as follows. First, Korea, China and Japan have a view of nature that humans should be in harmony with nature. Second, the views of nature and gardens in Korea, China, and Japan were influenced by shamanism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Zen. Third, Korea has created nature-friendly gardens that minimize human interference, China has created a somewhat artificial garden culture that creates another nature by reconstructing natural objects, and Japan has created symbolic garden art that brings nature into the house and contemplates it. Fourth, the gardens of Korea, China, and Japan all aimed for natural landscapes and gave symbolism to garden compositions, making it a mechanism to transform garden appreciators into a private world.
Analysis of the Impact of PBL on the Development of Student Competencies
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim SunYoung
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to analyze the impact of PBL on the development of student competencies, and based on this, to suggest direction for academic service. A total of 397 responses from both pre-survey and post-survey were used for analysis. The analysis method involved conducting paired-sample t-tests between the pre and the post tests to assess the effectiveness of PBL, and the analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package. The research findings indicate that participation in PBL positively influences students' self-directed learning abilities. Also, the experience of participating in PBL has a positive impact on students' problem-solving skills. Lastly, the participation in PBL positively contributes to enhancing students' creativity convergence competencies. This study is significant in providing knowledge necessary for strengthening university student engagement and improving learner-centered curricula and academic services.
KONSTRUKSI MAKNA SELF-CONFIDENCE DALAM FILM ANIMASI ENCANTO
Authors: Fuadiyah Layinatul , Afyatul Masruroh Sayidah
Published: February 2024

This research aims to uncover the meaning of the sign of self-confidence in the animated film Encanto using the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes and the theory of meaning by Wendell Johnson. The two main issues addressed are the meaning of self-confidence signs in the film and the construction of that meaning. Through a qualitative approach, an analysis is conducted on ten scenes in the film "Encanto" that contain the meaning of self-confidence. The results of the study indicate that the process of self-confidence meaning aligns with Wendell Johnson's theory, which depicts that meaning exists within oneself, changes, requires reference, is susceptible to abbreviation, is limitless, and is communicated partially. This study provides insights into how animated films can convey and build the meaning of self-confidence to their audience.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PESAN DAKWAH DALAM PUISI “SAJADAH PANJANG” KARYA TAUFIQ ISMAIL
Authors: Fatma Laili Sa’adah Zukha , Fakhruddin Fajrul Islam Ahmad
Published: February 2024

The literary works of Taufiq Ismail, an Indonesian cleric and writer, embed Islamic values within his creations, including the poem "Sajadah Panjang." This poem, characterized by its beautiful yet accessible language, possesses a magical allure that captivates readers and listeners alike, inviting them to experience reverence in connecting life with the divine. Adapted into lyrics and sung by Bimbo and Noah, the poem further enhances its solemnity and popularity among the public. This research aims to uncover the message of Islamic propagation contained within Taufiq Ismail's poem "Sajadah Panjang." Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and the semiotic analysis method of Michael Rifatterre's model, the researcher examines discontinuities in expression, heuristic and hermeneutic readings, matrix searches, models, variants, and determines the hypogram text as the genesis of the poem's creation. The research findings reveal the propagation message encompassing two main issues: the outward and inward aspects of worship, and belief in Allah SWT. This poem serves as a reminder of life's meaning, bridging existence with the greatness of the Divine and our obligations to Him
DAS PALAVRAS AO CORPO EM MOVIMENTO: TRADUÇÃO INTERSEMIÓTICA
Authors: Becker Israel Fernandes
Published: February 2024

Este artigo, resultante de uma pesquisa inscrita no Programa de Iniciação Cientí­fica da Faculdade de Artes do Paraná (Unespar/FAP, 2010) sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Cristiane Wosniak,trata das relações do corpo representando a literatura por meio de signos. O corpo como instrumento de comunicação não verbal é visto sob o prisma das teorias sí­gnicas. Sendo o corpo um meio de passagem de informação, analisar-se-á como a autora da obra em questão desenvolveu e evidenciou tais signos literários, transpondo-os aos movimentos corporais, em uma cena coreográfica especí­fica da obraRosas:"De rosas e espinhos" . De forma atualizada e com um olhar reflexivo e crí­tico sobre o tema pesquisado em 2010, tenho têm-se por intento, em 2020,recontextualizar de que forma e com que meios a Tradução Intersemiótica pode operar na cena em questão da obraRosasda Téssera Companhia de Dança da UFPR a partir do conto literárioA Imitação da Rosade Clarice Lispector.
O CAMELÓDROMO E O ARTISTA: A APROPRIAÇÃO NAS OBRAS DE NELSON LEIRNER E MAREPE
Authors: Margraf Mateus Albach , Torres Renato
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de apropriação em Artes Visuais, em especial nas obras de Nelson Leiner e Marepe. Essa pesquisa de caráter exploratório e abordagem qualitativa analisa como objetos banais, normalmente presentes em lojas populares e camelôs, ganham novos significados ao serem deslocados para espaços de discussão sobre Arte. Para tanto, recorremos principalmente aos teóricos Bourriaud (2009) e Chiarelli (2001), para discutir derivações da apropriação nos vieses da pós-produção e do citacionismo. É notório que tanto o mercado popular quanto o mercado de Arte se tornaram referências para as práticas artí­sticas contemporâneas, sobretudo após a Pop Art, seja pela forma de crí­tica ao capitalismo ou pelo deslumbramento com as trocas culturais e sociais. Nesse sentido, a apropriação enquanto operação artí­stica propõe a passagem da manipulação de matéria prima na construção de imagens para a manipulação de sentidos produzidos pelo agrupamento de objetos prontos e pelos contextos em que eles são apresentados.
ARTE, CULTURA E MULHER: UM CICLO DE PESQUISAS EM PERFORMANCE NO LAPARC
Authors: Potrich Bruna Leticia , Rodrigues Marcella Nunes , Cairrão Luana Furtado Ramos
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho aborda um ciclo de pesquisas em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Performances: arte e cultura – LAPARC. Essa escrita consiste em compartilhar três trabalhos de pesquisa, sendo um de doutorado, um de mestrado e um de iniciação cientí­fica. As pesquisas possuem como ponto central de aproximação a Performance Arte, como manifestação artí­stica do-no-pelo corpo. Além das questões de gênero que unem as artista-performes-pesquisadoras nesta reflexão, onde encontra-se como ponto emergente as discussões sobre o feminino. Os trabalhos distanciam-se e mostram sua singularidade e heterogeneidade na escolha da abordagem metodológica e do campo de seus embasamentos teórico-práticos. Assim, acredita-se no LAPARC como um grupo que agrega, suporta, apoia, potencializa o coletivo e possibilita a exploração de caminhos do pensar/fazer arte na contemporaneidade, através da Performance Arte, ao mesmo tempo em que proporciona liberdade e autonomia para o desdobramento das questões individuais evidenciadas nos fluxos do devir. Vislumbra-se assim, a criação de discursos singulares, crí­ticos e sensí­veis possibilitando outras formas de fazer/pensar arte no mundo contemporâneo, as quais partem das vivências e experiências de mulheres atravessadas e afetadas em seus determinados contextos.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЕДИКАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ С СОЦИАЛЬНЫМИ РАБОТНИКАМИ И МЕДИЦИНСКИМИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛАМИ
Authors: Галкин К.А.
Published: February 2024

В настоящей статье мы рассматриваем медикализацию жизненного цикла старения в рамках взаимодействия пожилых людей с медицинским персоналом, врачами и социальными работниками. Медикализация в статье трактуется узко в качестве моделей взаимодействия, основанных на негативных геронтостереотипах, в результате чего происходит общение и взаимодействие с пожилыми людьми как с особой группой населения, нуждающейся в постоянной помощи, защите со стороны представителей медицины и социальных служб. Таким образом, медикализирующее поведение основано на представлениях о немощности пожилых людей, отсутствии у них возможности для реализации активности. В рамках исследования нами использовались методы, основанные на продолжительных беседах с пожилыми людьми, а позже – интервью. Их применение позволило более качественно отрефлексировать сенситивную тему медикализации повседневного общения с врачами и другими медицинскими работниками. На основании тематического анализа нами обозначены три типа дискурса, которые позволили определить, как происходит смена представлений о медикализации в целом: от экспертности, доминирования профессионального дискурса, высокой роли профессионализма и экспертного мнения врачей, взгляда на старение как патологию к дискурсу терапевтического общения и использованию заботы для лучшего установления диалога.
ОБУЧЕНИЕ В ШКОЛЕ ТИБЕТСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ ИНСТИТУТА ШАНГ ШУНГ
Authors: Беляев В.А.
Published: February 2024

Традиционная тибетская медицина, история зарождения которой восходит к древнему до-тибетскому царству Шанг Шунг (Чогъял Намкай Норбу 2013: 235), а развитие и становление связаны с различными культурными периодами Тибета, накоплением обширного практического опыта, а также интеграцией опыта и методов других древних медицинских систем (Di Sarsina P. R. et al. 2011), в современном мире не потеряла свою актуальность, но, напротив, все больше демонстрирует применимость для решения задач сохранения здоровья современного человека, что стимулирует интерес к ее изучению и оптимизации процесса обучения. В статье описана специфика обучения тибетской медицине в Школе тибетской медицины Института Шанг Шунг.
Evaluation of nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS for the identification of Mycobacterium species
Authors: Zhu Yelei , Liu Zhengwei , Peng Lina , Liu Bin , Wu Kunyang , Zhang Mingwu , Wang Xiaomeng , Pan Junhang
Published: February 2024

Background

The accurate identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and different nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species is crucial for the timely diagnosis of NTM infections and for reducing poor prognoses. Nucleotide matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been extensively used for microbial identification with high accuracy and throughput. However, its efficacy for Mycobacterium species identification has been less studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS for Mycobacterium species identification.

Methods

A total of 933 clinical Mycobacterium isolates were preliminarily identified as NTM by the MPB64 test. These isolates were identified by nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS and Sanger sequencing. The performance of nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS for identifying various Mycobacterium species was analyzed based on Sanger sequencing as the gold standard.

Results

The total correct detection rate of all 933 clinical Mycobacterium isolates using nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS was 91.64% (855/933), and mixed infections were detected in 18.65% (174/933) of the samples. The correct detection rates for Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium, MTBC, Mycobacterium gordonae, and Mycobacterium massiliense were 99.32% (585/589), 100% (86/86), 98.46% (64/65), 94.59% (35/37), 100.00% (34/34), 95.65% (22/23), and 100% (19/19), respectively. For the identification of the MTBC, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. gordonae, and M. massiliense, nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS and Sanger sequencing results were in good agreement (k > 0.7).

Conclusion

In conclusion, nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS is a promising approach for identifying MTBC and the most common clinical NTM species.
Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology
Authors: Cherkasova Elena A. , Chen Long , Childs Richard W.
Published: February 2024

Transcription of distinct loci of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and in some cases, translation of these transcripts have been consistently observed in many types of cancer. It is still debated whether HERV activation serves as a trigger for carcinogenesis or rather occurs as a consequence of epigenetic alterations and other molecular sequelae that characterize cellular transformation. Here we review the known molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of HERV activation in cancer cells as well as its potential contribution to carcinogenesis. Further, we describe the use of HERV expression in cancer diagnostic and characterize the potential of HERV-derived antigens to serve as novel targets for cancer immunotherapy. We believe this review, which summarizes both what is known as well as unknown in this rapidly developing field, will boost interest in research on the therapeutic potential of targeting HERV elements in tumors and the impact of HERV activation in oncogenesis.
Assisted colonization of albatrosses in the California Channel Islands: conservation basis and suitability assessment
Authors: VanderWerf Eric A. , Holmes Nick D. , Morrison Scott A. , Kohley C. Robby , Wegmann Alex , Young Lindsay C.
Published: February 2024

Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Black-footed Albatrosses (P. nigripes) nest primarily on low-lying atolls in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands that are threatened by inundation from sea level rise and increasing storm surge associated with climate change. Restoration or creation of breeding colonies on higher islands is among the highest priority conservation actions for these species. A previous structured decision-making analysis identified the California Channel Islands as a possible restoration site for Black-footed Albatross. The California Current is part of the natural foraging ranges of Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses. Archaeological evidence indicates both species were present in the California Channel Islands prehistorically, yet neither currently nests in the Channel Islands. We assessed the feasibility of creating albatross breeding colonies in the Channel Islands using social attraction and translocation, and the suitability of each island. We used a risk analysis framework developed for the U.S. National Park Service to evaluate the potential ecological risks of this action. Creating an albatross colony in the Channel Islands is feasible using available methods. Santa Barbara and San Nicolas islands would be most suitable for albatross. Social attraction is less expensive and might be effective for creating a Laysan Albatross colony because that species is already visiting some islands. Translocation would be necessary to create a Black-footed Albatross colony. The risks associated with attempting to establish albatross breeding colonies in the Channel Islands were deemed to be generally low, but the risk of no action is high to these albatrosses. This can be a useful assisted colonization case study that can inform decisions by land managers and agencies regarding conservation of North Pacific albatrosses and other species.
An analysis of winter rain-on-snow climatology in Svalbard
Authors: Vickers Hannah , Saloranta Tuomo , Køltzow Morten , van Pelt Ward J. J. , Malnes Eirik
Published: February 2024

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events are becoming an increasingly common feature of the wintertime climate Svalbard in the High Arctic due to a warming climate. Changes in the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of wintertime ROS events in Svalbard are important to understand and quantify due their wide-ranging impacts on the physical environment as well as on human activity. Due to the sparse nature of ground observations across Svalbard, tools for mapping and long-term monitoring of ROS events over large spatial areas are reliant on remote sensing, snow models and atmospheric reanalyses. However, different methods of identifying and measuring ROS events can often present different interpretations of ROS climatology. This study compares a recently published Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) based ROS dataset for Svalbard to ROS derived from two snow models and a reanalysis dataset for 2004–2020. Although the number of ROS events differs across the datasets, all datasets exhibit both similarities and differences in the geographical distribution of ROS across the largest island, Spitsbergen. Southern and western coastal areas experience ROS most frequently during the wintertime, with the early winter (November–December) experiencing overall most events compared to the spring (March–April). Moreover, we find that different temperature thresholds are required to obtain the best spatial agreement of ROS events in the model and reanalysis datasets with ground observations. The reanalysis dataset evaluated against ground observations was superior to the other datasets in terms of accuracy due to the assimilation of ground observations into the dataset. The SAR dataset consistently scored lowest in terms of its overall accuracy due to many more false detections, an issue which is most likely explained by the persistence of moisture in the snowpack following the end of a ROS event. Our study not only highlights some spatial differences in ROS frequency and trends but also how comparisons between different datasets can confirm knowledge about the climatic variations across Svalbard where in-situ observations are sparse.
Causality between Ankylosing Spondylitis and osteoarthritis in European ancestry: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Yangguang , Lu Di , Zhang Hongzhi , Li Haoyang , Yu Bohuai , Zhang Yige , Hu Hantao , Sheng Hongfeng
Published: February 2024

Objective

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Osteoarthritis (OA) at the genetic level within the European ancestry.

Methods

We implemented a series of quality control steps to select instrumental variables (IVs) related to the exposure. We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using the inverse-variance weighted method as the primary approach. We adjusted significance levels using Bonferroni correction, assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane’s Q test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted through leave-one-out method. Additionally, external datasets and relaxed IV selection criteria were employed, and multivariate MR analyses were performed for validation purposes. Finally, Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) analysis identified common genes, validating the MR results.

Results

The investigation focused on the correlation between OA and AS in knee, hip, and hand joints. MR results revealed that individuals with AS exhibit a decreased risk of knee OA (OR = 0.9882, 95% CI: 0.9804-0.9962) but no significant increase in the risk of hip OA (OR = 0.9901, 95% CI: 0.9786-1.0018). Conversely, AS emerged as a risk factor for hand OA (OR = 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0015-1.0036). In reverse-direction MR analysis, OA did not significantly influence the occurrence of AS. Importantly, minimal heterogeneity was observed in our MR analysis results (p > 0.05), and the robustness of these findings was confirmed through sensitivity analysis and multivariate MR analysis. COLOC analysis identified four colocalized variants for AS and hand OA (rs74707996, rs75240935, rs181468789, and rs748670681).

Conclusion

In European population, individuals with AS have a relatively lower risk of knee OA, whereas AS serves as a risk factor for hand OA. However, no significant causal relationship was found between AS and hip OA. Additionally, it offers novel insights into genetic research on AS and OA.
Janus kinase inhibition in the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: De Togni Elisa , Cole Oladipo , Abboud Ramzi
Published: February 2024

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). For many years, corticosteroids have been the mainstay treatment for GVHD, but cases of steroid-refractory GVHD and the severe adverse effects of high-dose corticosteroids have increased the need for preventative and therapeutic strategies for GVHD. Due to the nature of alloreactive T cells, GVHD is inherently linked to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, the therapeutic driving force behind stem cell transplantation. A considerable clinical challenge is to preserve GVL while suppressing GVHD. The field of GVHD research has greatly expanded over the past decades, including advancements in T cell modulation and depletion, antibody therapies, chemotherapeutics, cellular therapies, and Janus kinase inhibition. In this review, we discuss current approaches and advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD with a focus on new emerging advancements in Janus kinase inhibitor therapy.
Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells
Authors: Goldmann Oliver , Nwofor Obiageli Vivian , Chen Qian , Medina Eva
Published: February 2024

Regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a crucial role in preserving immune tolerance and controlling immune responses during infections to prevent excessive immune activation. However, pathogens have developed strategies to hijack these regulatory cells to decrease the overall effectiveness of the immune response and persist within the host. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of these immunosuppressive mechanisms during infection can reinvigorate the immune response and improve the infection outcome. The suppressive mechanisms of regulatory cells are not only numerous but also redundant, reflecting the complexity of the regulatory network in modulating the immune responses. The context of the immune response, such as the type of pathogen or tissue involved, further influences the regulatory mechanisms involved. Examples of these immunosuppressive mechanisms include the production of inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampen the activation and proliferation of effector T cells. In addition, regulatory cells utilize inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to engage with their respective effector cells, thereby suppressing their function. An alternative approach involves the modulation of metabolic reprogramming in effector immune cells to limit their activation and proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of the major mechanisms mediating the immunosuppressive effect of the different regulatory cell subsets in the context of infection.
Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides supplemented to high soybean meal diet on immunity and hepatic health of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus
Authors: Liu Longhui , Zhao Yanbo , Huang Zhangfan , Long Zhongying , Qin Huihui , Lin Hao , Zhou Sishun , Kong Lumin , Ma Jianrong , Li Zhongbao
Published: February 2024

High soybean meal diet (HSBMD) decreased the immunity and damaged the liver health of spotted sea bass; in this study, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) was added to HSBMD to explore its effects on the immunity and liver health. The diet with 44% fish meal content was designed as a blank control. On this basis, soybean meal was used to replace 50% fish meal as HSBMD, and LBP was added in HSBMD in gradient (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) as the experimental diet. 225-tailed spotted sea bass with initial body weight of 44.52 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed the corresponding diet for 52 days, respectively. The results show that: after ingestion of HSBMD, the immunity of spotted sea bass decreased slightly and hepatic tissue was severely damaged. And the addition of LBP significantly improved the immune capacity and protected the hepatic health. Specifically, the activities of serum lysozyme (LZM), immunoglobulin M (IgM), liver acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were increased, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly decreased, and hepatic morphology was improved. In the analysis of transcriptome results, it was found that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were down-regulated in toll-like receptor signaling pathway. And LBP may protect hepatic health by regulating Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Insulin signaling pathway, Steroid biosynthesis and other glucolipid-related pathways. In conclusion, the addition of LBP in HSBMD can improve the immunity and protect the hepatic health of spotted sea bass, and its mechanism may be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
Evaluation of the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation followed by adjuvant therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Men Bowen , Cui Huzhe , Han Zhezhu , Jin Xiuying , Xu Qiang , Jin Yongmin , Piao Zhengri , Zhang Songnan
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) adjuvant to lenvatinib and anti–PD–1 antibodies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with HCC treated at our hospital between October 2018 and May 2022 was conducted. All patients underwent a combination of TACE and MWA. Among them, 29 received postoperative treatment with molecular–targeted agents, like lenvatinib, along with anti–PD–1 antibodies such as sindilizumab, karelizumab, or tirilizumab. The remaining 38 patients did not receive postoperative systemic therapies, like targeted or immunotherapy. The survival and prognosis of all patients were analyzed.

Results

Nine patients in the observation group and 29 patients in the control group experienced recurrence, and the median progression–free survival 1 (PFS1) was not reached ‘Not Applicable’(NA) and 17.05 months (P=0.035), respectively. Failure to combine adjuvant therapy was identified as an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence, and the observation group had a 0.245 times lower risk of recurrence compared to that in the control group (P=0.005). Multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that the maximum tumor size, and tumor number were risk factors for tumor recurrence. Patients with a large maximum tumor size had a 1.519 times higher risk of recurrence compared to those with a small maximum tumor size (P=0.006), and patients with a large number of tumors had a 5.978 times higher risk of recurrence compared to those with a small number of tumors (P=0.02). The median PFS2 of the two groups was 11.795 and 21.257 months, respectively, though not statistically significant (P=0.955). However, there was a disparity in the percentage of BCLC stages associated with recurrence between the two groups. In the observation group approximately 22.22% of patients progressed to stage C, while in the control group, this proportion was 34.48%. The observation group exhibited a lower risk of distant metastasis compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Adjuvant treatment of HCC following TACE combined with MWA improved PFS and achieved better clinical outcomes compared to that with TACE combined with MWA alone.
The influence of basalt fiber on the mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tube short columns under axial compression
Authors: Wang Xinzhong , Li Linshu , Xiang Yi , Wu Yuexing , Wei Mei
Published: February 2024

With rapid economic and social development, both concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) composite structures and basalt fiber (BF) have been widely applied in the field of civil engineering. To investigate the laws and characteristics of the influence of chopped BF on the mechanical properties of CFST columns and further promote the application of BF in CFST structures, the axial compressive bearing capacity test of 18 CFST short columns was carried out, and the influence of BF of different lengths on their structural mechanical properties was analyzed. The test results were compared with the theoretical calculation results and the finite element analysis results to verify the reasonableness of the test results. The results reveal that the axial compressive bearing capacity of the CFST short column after adding BF is significantly improved compared to the ordinary CFST short column, in which the bearing capacity and the ductility coefficient are increased by approximately 8.1% and 31.6%, respectively, on average. In addition, changing the length of BF has less effect on the bearing capacity of CFST short columns, the rate of increase in bearing capacity decreases with an increase in the steel ratio of CFST, and the coefficient of ductility increases with the increase in the steel ratio.
The diversification and potential function of microbiome in sediment-water interface of methane seeps in South China Sea
Authors: Fu Lulu , Liu Yanjun , Wang Minxiao , Lian Chao , Cao Lei , Wang Weicheng , Sun Yan , Wang Nan , Li Chaolun
Published: February 2024

The sediment-water interfaces of cold seeps play important roles in nutrient transportation between seafloor and deep-water column. Microorganisms are the key actors of biogeochemical processes in this interface. However, the knowledge of the microbiome in this interface are limited. Here we studied the microbial diversity and potential metabolic functions by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at sediment-water interface of two active cold seeps in the northern slope of South China Sea, Lingshui and Site F cold seeps. The microbial diversity and potential functions in the two cold seeps are obviously different. The microbial diversity of Lingshui interface areas, is found to be relatively low. Microbes associated with methane consumption are enriched, possibly due to the large and continuous eruptions of methane fluids. Methane consumption is mainly mediated by aerobic oxidation and denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO). The microbial diversity in Site F is higher than Lingshui. Fluids from seepage of Site F are mitigated by methanotrophic bacteria at the cyclical oxic-hypoxic fluctuating interface where intense redox cycling of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds occurs. The primary modes of microbial methane consumption are aerobic methane oxidation, along with DAMO, sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (SAMO). To sum up, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) may be underestimated in cold seep interface microenvironments. Our findings highlight the significance of AOM and interdependence between microorganisms and their environments in the interface microenvironments, providing insights into the biogeochemical processes that govern these unique ecological systems.
DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 interacts with porcine circovirus type 2 Cap protein and facilitates viral replication
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Zhao Jie , Sun Haoyu , Dai Beining , Zhu Ning , Dai Qianhong , Qiu Yonghui , Wang Dedong , Cui Yongqiu , Guo Jinshuo , Feng Xufei , Hou Lei , Liu Jue
Published: February 2024

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent of PCV2-associated diseases that pose a serious threat to the swine industry. PCV2 capsid (Cap) protein has been shown to interact with DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21), an important protein that regulates RNA virus replication. However, whether the interaction between DDX21 and the PCV2 Cap regulates PCV2 replication remains unclear. Herein, by using western blotting, interaction assays, and knockdown analysis, we found that PCV2 infection induced the cytoplasmic relocation of DDX21 from the nucleolus in cultured PK-15 cells. Moreover, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PCV2 Cap interacted directly with DDX21. The NLS of PCV2 Cap and 763GSRSNRFQNK772 residues at the C-terminal domain (CTD) of DDX21 were essential for the dual interaction. Upon shRNA-mediated DDX21 depletion in PK-15 cells, we observed impaired PCV2 replication via a lentivirus-delivered system, as evidenced by decreased levels of viral protein expression and virus production. In contrast, the replication of PCV2 increased in transiently DDX21-overexpressing cells. Our results indicate that DDX21 interacts with PCV2 Cap and plays a crucial role in virus replication. These results provide a reference for developing novel potential targets for prevention and control of PCV2 infection.