bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Benefits of Uwi Plant (Dioscorea alata L.) for Health: Knowledge, Attitude, and Its Distribution in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah Sri , Kamal Muhammad , Kita Masaki , Noer Aini Lies
Published: November 2024

Uwi (Dioscorea alata L.) is a plant rich in health benefits, but many people in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY) still do not realize it. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and level of knowledge about the benefits for health and the distribution of uwi plants in the SRY. This is descriptive-observational research with a cross-sectional design, 578 respondents were taken by accidental sampling and non-random selection. This research used a questionnaire as an instrument. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 578 respondents had an average score of knowledge level of 86.34 ± 13.96 with a very good category, score of attitudes of 69.76 ± 11.37 and score of knowledge level of health benefits of 66.42 ± 12.57 with a fairly good category. Related to the distribution of uwi plants in the SRY, it was found that 86 respondents (14.88%) had uwi plants in their homes. It can be concluded that people in the Special Region of Yogyakarta have a very good level of knowledge about uwi plants, and have good attitudes and knowledge about the health benefits of uwi plants, but the distribution of uwi plants is still limited in this area.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the 2023 Himalayan Disasters in Himachal Pradesh: Multi-Sectoral Impacts and Strategic Mitigation Approaches
Authors: Kumar Manish , Gupta Tanmay , Baghel Vikas
Published: November 2024

The Himalayan region, renowned for its remarkable beauty and ecological significance, has been subjected to a growing number of natural calamities; among the states most seriously affected is Himachal Pradesh. Three extremely strong monsoon seasons in 2023 had an especially negative impact on the state, causing extensive flooding and landslides. July 7th to July 11th was the first spell, August 11th to August 14th was the second spell, and August 21st to August 23rd was the last spell. A number of natural disasters, including flash floods, landslides, cloudbursts, and landslips, occurred in Himachal Pradesh as a result of the continuous and intense rains. The state administration claims that these incidents caused damage totaling about 12,000 crore rupees and claimed over 500 lives. This study paper's major goal is to highlight the thorough examination of disasters, covering a wide range of industries and sectors, including power, water and sanitation, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, housing, education, health, and road and transportation. Following is a discussion of each sector's mitigation strategies. The study also emphasizes how critical it is to launch targeted, coordinated actions at several levels in order to protect the Himalayan ecosystem.
Evaluation of Groundwater Contamination Risks in the Vicinity of Municipal Solid Waste Dump Sites adjacent on Hardoi Road Dubagga Lucknow
Authors: Nabh Tripathi Kamal , Roy Surendra , Mohammad Afaque
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of the Dubagga municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill on groundwater quality in Lucknow, India. To fulfil the need of water pertaining to domestic, industry and agricultural activities, huge number of people in the world depends on groundwater sources. Due to population growth, urbanizations, and industrializations activities, the demand has steadily increased over the years. At most of the locations, municipal solid wastes are dumped on the land or filled in the pits without proper corrective measures. This has been causing groundwater contamination. a detail survey was carried out to identify the different sources of groundwater and groundwater samples were collected from five borewells within a one-kilometre radius of the landfill site. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, and fluoride were analysed. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated to assess the overall water quality. The findings indicate significant groundwater contamination, particularly in samples located closer to the landfill, with WQI values ranging from “Good” to “Very Poor.” Elevated levels of TDS, magnesium, and alkalinity were observed, posing potential health risks to the local population. The study underscores the need for immediate intervention and the implementation of sustainable effective waste management is essential to minimize environmental degradation and safeguard public health.
Assessment of Feasibility of Sintered Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate as an Effective Self-Curing Additive for Sustainable Concreting Practice
Authors: Patil Dada , Nadaf Firoz , Parkar Fauwaz
Published: November 2024

Effective curing is an essential requirement for a desired long-term performance of concrete. For 1 cubic metre of hardened concrete, 3 cubic metre of water is required; most of which is consumed for curing, thereby leading to an unsustainable practice. Limited depth of water penetration occurs in conventional method of external curing. Self-Curing (SCu), also known as Internal Curing facilitates uniform moisture distribution throughout the concrete. Moreover, enormous amount of curing water can be saved for a sustainable development. This is achieved by incorporating prewetted porous lightweight aggregates (LWAs); water held in LWA pores is gradually desorbed in to surrounding matrix over a period of time for an effective Self-Curing by maintaining sufficient moisture inside the concrete mass. Different types of LWAs are used for this purpose. The available literature indicates that sintered fly ash LWAs are used to produce non-structural and structural lightweight concrete; but their utilization for internal curing is not found. In this experimental work, feasibility of 4 to 8 mm spherical sintered fly ash LWA to act as an effective Self-Curing agent was assessed through various tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that LWAs were porous enough to hold sufficient amount of water. Higher specific gravity as compared to that of other types of LWAs made it desirable material from strength and density point of view. Higher water absorption rate within initial 30 minutes reflected it’s better desorption behaviour; highly desirable for an effective internal curing. Oven-dried LWAs were immersed in blue ink for 24 hours and then placed in a white cement paste. The thick blue ink corona around LWA confirmed about better desorption. This is not true of every type of LWA. Cement-sand mortar cubes were cast by volumetrically replacing sand by 10%, 15% and 20% prewetted LWAs for compressive strength tests at 3, 7 and 28 days. Prewetting was done for 24 hours and 72 hours. Conventional mortar cubes were placed under water; prewetted LWA-incorporated specimens were placed inside laboratory in an open air and directly under the sun. Conventional specimens exhibited highest strength values. Among Self-Curing specimens, 15% LWA cubes indicated maximum compressive strength; marginally less than that of water- cured cubes. 72-hour prewetted LWA cubes resulted in higher strengths as compared to that of 24 hour prewetted LWA cubes. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity values for all the specimens were between 3.16 to 3.68 km/sec. The experimental results indicated that sintered fly ash LWA can be used as a potential material to produce Self-Curing concrete.
Utilization of crumb rubber as a partial replacement of bitumen in flexible pavement
Authors: Kerni Chahal , Tangri Amanpreet
Published: November 2024

Crumb rubber's ability to improve asphalt surface performance, longevity, and sustainability has garnered attention in recent years. Crumb rubber is made from used tyres and can be put to asphalt mixtures to provide pavement that is more durable and resilient. The increasing rate at which tyres are being discarded is a major contributor to pollution. It can be utilized as a low-cost and environmentally friendly modification procedure to reduce pavement construction pollution. In this study, Bitumen VG 30 has been mixed with Crumb Rubber at percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The Wet mix procedure was used to make the modified bitumen. The mix was designed using the Marshall Stability approach. Modified bitumen containing Crumb rubber and binder aggregate was tested for its physical characteristics. The modified mixtures made using Crumb rubber showed an increase in strength. The most successful ratios were then combined to make bituminous mix. Wheel rut test and the skid resistance were used to analyse how well the bituminous mixtures performed. Crumb rubber improved the rutting resistance of wheel rutting test samples over unmodified mix. Crumb rubber modified bituminous mix has a higher skid resistance value than unmodified.
Application of E-Waste in the Construction of Concrete Pavements: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Boora Amardeep
Published: November 2024

The purpose of putting up this paper is to analyze the case of using e-waste enhancers in the reinforcement of concrete pavements which must have a positive impact in the promotion of sustainability in constructions. The increased stream of electronic products which reach the end of their lifecycle is a serious global problem since millions of tons of electronic waste are produced every year. It is a rabid problem. Professionally speaking, e-waste is improperly dumped and it holds dangerous chemical compounding so it has negative impacts on the environment and health, especially containing lead mercury, cadmium. These substances can and do get into the soil, the air and the water and there is therefore high pollution and health effects. Thus, it becomes necessary to consider different means to address the problem of e-waste disposal, and one such method is recycling through incorporation of concrete.The direct impact of not following proper e-waste disposal causes pollution and therefore, it’s very important to manage this waste adequately. Thus, the use of e-waste can help to dispose of the problem, and at the same time, enhance construction material performance by using its properties. From the study described in the detailed review, it is observed that the e-waste can be used in the enhancement of the mechanical properties of concrete and subsequently increase the environmental performance of concrete without any negative effects.In the present study the aim is to identify the research done in the past in an effort to identify the different approaches used in the disposal of e-waste in concrete as well as to measure the performance. This assessment was done systematically, in which the analysis of different materials in e-waste and their role in a concrete mix like plastics, metal, glass and ceramics was considered. Safe management of wastes from electronic products has become a significant area of concern with e waste concrete being among the most popular and appropriate methods of dealing with wastes while at the same time improving the performance of concrete.This research triangulates on the renewed future of e- waste concrete as an innovative construction material that can help in the reduction of waste material as well as the conservation of resources.
Materials Utilization and Testing with Concrete Block Technology
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Gupta Tanmay , Kumar Ashish
Published: November 2024

Building infrastructure and other amenities causes depletion of natural resources. Researchers are exploring different material for construction other than concrete. The aim of this paper is to examine, evaluate, and disseminate the previous work and to emphasize current research trends and developments. Along with these efforts have been made to highlight applications of the technology in the field. Concrete blocks are formed of various materials, and based on past research, a review and discussion are conducted. Based on new or current case studies, the positive and negative aspect of various materials that are tested and used are described. The concrete stone block, where stones are taken out of nearby demolition rubbish, is given special attention. Recent work is emphasized, and advancements are talked upon.
Insights in to microstructural behaviour of self-cleaning Fly ash-blended portland pozzolana cement mortars containing nano TiO2
Authors: Reddy N. Avinash , Chandana P. Sri
Published: November 2024

The present study examined the influence of nano TiO2(NT) on the surface coating and intermixing behavior of fly ash-based Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) self-cleaning mortar discs at minimal dosages. Rietveld refinement and crystallographic analysis were performed to investigate the particle packing arrangements and structural modifications, and the morphological properties and hydration products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that the lattice parameters and volume of both the intermixed and surface- coated samples decreased, suggesting a dense crystal structure in comparison to those of the reference sample mortar. The hydration of both the intermixed and surface-coated samples increased, and a uniform densified microstructure formed, resulting in smaller portlandite (CH) crystal sizes and improved calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel distribution. Samples with surface coatings, particularly freshly cast and hardened coatings, demonstrate superior refinement quality and better alignment between the calculated and experimental XRD patterns.
Overview of the TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo code, version 12
Authors: Hugot François-Xavier , Jinaphanh Alexis , Jouanne Cédric , Larmier Coline , Lee Yi Kang , Mancusi Davide , Petit Odile , Visonneau Thierry , Zoia Andrea
Published: November 2024

In this paper we present an overview of the recent advances of the general-purpose Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-4®, developed at CEA. The features described in this work, which refer to the current version 12 of the code, encompass applications to radiation shielding (variance-reduction methods: Consistent Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling, Adaptive Multilevel Splitting, and Weight Windows), material activation calculations (Rigorous Two-Step Scheme), reactor physics (fission matrix, kinetics parameters, critical parameter search, kinetics with delayed neutron precursors), criticality-safety (perturbation and sensitivity methods: Standard and Generalized Perturbation Theory) and nuclear instrumentation (fission models, improvements in the electromagnetic shower models, and coupling with the code Geant4).
Das Arzthaftungsverfahren aus Sicht des Arztes
Authors: Koller Christian
Published: November 2024

Im Vergleich zu den jährlich stattfindenden Arzt-Patienten-Kontakten bewegen sich die festgestellten Behandlungsfehler im Promillebereich. Erhebt ein Patient Behandlungsfehlervorwürfe, muss der Arzt umgehend seine Berufshaftpflichtversicherung informieren und diese bei der Abwehr der Ansprüche durch eine strukturierte Stellungnahme unterstützen. Weiter ist das Recht des Patienten auf Herausgabe seiner Behandlungsdokumentation zu beachten. Kommt es zu einem Prozess, wird dem Arzt von der Versicherung ein im Arzthaftungsrecht erfahrener Anwalt gestellt. Der Arzt muss in der Regel einmal bei Gericht erscheinen, insbesondere, wenn es um den Vorwurf der unzureichenden Aufklärung geht. Während des ganzen Verfahrens sind sowohl die Versicherung im Rahmen der außergerichtlichen Verhandlung als auch der Rechtsanwalt im Falle eines Prozesses auf die Mitarbeit des Arztes im Hinblick auf die medizinischen Fragestellungen angewiesen.
Rechtlicher Umgang mit Cyberangriffen auf Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens
Authors: Dann Matthias , Nadeborn Diana
Published: November 2024

Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens sind beliebte Ziele von Cyberangriffen. Mittels Ransomware wird hierbei auf sensible Daten und Systeme zugegriffen, um Lösegeld zu erpressen. Um dies zu vermeiden und im Falle eines Angriffs möglichst schnell die Cybersicherheit wiederherzustellen, existieren zahlreiche Regelungen, die unter anderem technische und organisatorische Schutzmaßnahmen anordnen.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic
Strategies
Authors: Dwivedi Shivangi , Sikarwar Mukesh Singh
Published: November 2024

Diabetic nephropathy represents a predominant etiology of end-stage renal disease
(ESRD) on a global scale, significantly impacting the morbidity and mortality
rates of individuals with diabetes. The primary objective of this analysis is to
furnish a comprehensive examination of the etiology, fundamental mechanisms, and
treatment modalities for DN. The development of DN stems from a multitude of
factors, encompassing a intricate interplay involving metabolic irregularities
induced by hyperglycemia, alterations in hemodynamics, inflammatory responses,
oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. Principal mechanisms encompass the
generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), activation of protein
kinase C (PKC), and overexpression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS). These processes precipitate glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertrophy, and
eventually, fibrosis and scarring of the renal parenchyma. Initially,
hyperglycemia triggers mesangial proliferation and thickening of the glomerular
basement membrane in the incipient stages of DN, subsequently leading to
progressive glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Inflammatory
cascades, notably involving cytokines like TGF-β and NF-κB, play pivotal roles
in the advancement of DN by fostering the accumulation of extracellular matrix
and renal fibrosis. Inflammation pathways, particularly those involving
cytokines like TGF-β and NF-κB, play essential roles in diabetic nephropathy
progression by stimulating extracellular matrix accumulation and renal fibrosis.
The presence of oxidative stress, worsened by dysfunctional mitochondria,
contributes further to renal injury via lipid peroxidation and DNA damage.
Current therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy concentrate on
optimizing glycemic control, controlling hypertension, and suppressing the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Among antihypertensive medications, ACE
inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are crucial for decelerating
disease advancement.
Usual On-therapy Ranges of Drug Concentrations in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Vries Tim A.C. , Mallick Imaad U. , Bhagirath Vinai C. , Eikelboom John W. , Gomes Calvin , Yi Qilong , McGrath Sean , Hirsh Jack , Chan Noel C.
Published: November 2024

Background Although most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) do not require drug concentration measurements, there are situations where such information could be useful. Existing guidance documents provide usual on-therapy ranges for drug concentrations, but these have important limitations.

Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting trough and peak levels of DOAC regimens approved for stroke prevention in AF. We used random effects models and the quantile estimation method to estimate the median and a usual on-therapy range (10th and 90th percentiles).

Results Of 4,822 unique publications, 53 studies met eligibility (29,266 trough and 12,103 peak levels). Usual on-therapy ranges for trough levels were 38 to 155 and 58 to 206 ng/mL for apixaban 2.5 and 5 mg twice daily; 35 to 138 and 33 to 151 ng/mL for dabigatran 110 and 150 mg twice daily; 8 to 54 and 13 to 66 ng/mL for edoxaban 30 and 60 mg daily; and 16 to 74 and 19 to 72 ng/mL for rivaroxaban 15 and 20 mg daily. The corresponding range for peak levels were 96 to 251 and 132 to 343; 65 to 223 and 76 to 285; 57 to 219 and 127 to 407; 131 to 384, and 169 to 313 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis provides updated and more representative usual on-therapy ranges of DOAC levels in patients with AF.
The Impact of Multiarterial Grafting in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Ronai Tom , Abraham Dana , Erez Ely , Witberg Guy , Yishai Yaron , Sharoni Erez , Leviner Dror B.
Published: November 2024

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the revascularization modalities available in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Multiple arterial grafting (MAG) is associated with improved long-term outcomes. Data on the benefits of MAG in patients with LVD are limited. We examined the effect of MAG on outcomes across the spectrum of left ventricle (LV) function.

Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing isolated CABG (January 1, 2009, to October 1, 2021). Patients were grouped according to revascularization strategy (single vs. MAG). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [MACCE]). The cumulative incidence of MACCE was plotted using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results were stratified according to LV function (<30%, 30–50%, >50%).

Results Our cohort included 4,763 patients; 1,976 (41.4%) underwent single arterial grafting (SAG), and 2,787 (58.6%) underwent MAG; 3,976 (83.4%) were male with a median age of 64 (interquartile range [IQR] 57–71) years. Distribution of LV function was 2,539 (53.3%) with an ejection fraction (EF) >50%, 1,828 (38.3%) with an EF of 30–50%, and 396 (8.3%) with an EF <30%. Median follow-up time was 64 (37–102) months. Cumulative incidence of MACCE at 72 months was 28.7% in the MAG and 30.3% in the SAG group. Stratified by LV function, the hazard ratio for MACCE at 160 months was 0.71 (95% CI 0.54–0.93), 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.9), and 0.95 (95% CI 0.83–1.09) for LV function <30%, 30–50%, >50%, respectively, with no significant interaction between MAG and LV function.

Conclusion MAG is associated with improved outcomes following CABG across the spectrum of LV function.
Useful treatment selection strategy for endoscopic hemostasis in colonic diverticular bleeding according to endoscopic findings (with video)
Authors: Kishino Takaaki , Kitamura Yoko , Okuda Takashi , Okamoto Naoki , Sawa Takayuki , Yamakawa Maiko , Kanemasa Kazuyuki
Published: November 2024

Direct or indirect clipping and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) are widely used for hemostasis in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). However, no treatment selection strategy has been established. This report describes our approach and its outcomes.

We select direct clipping if the bleeding point is visible and clips could be inserted into the diverticulum. When direct clipping is not feasible, we select EBL as the second choice and indirect clipping as the third. We reviewed data from 192 patients treated with clipping or EBL for definitive CDB with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) at our hospital between March 2016 and February 2023.

The hemostatic method was clipping in 84 patients (direct, n=78; indirect, n=6) and EBL in 108. The rate of SRH with active bleeding was significantly higher in the EBL group (33.3% vs. 60.2%, p <0.001). Median hemostasis time was significantly shorter in the clipping group (9 min vs. 22 min, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the 30-day rebleeding rate between clipping and EBL (15.5% vs. 13.0%; P=0.619). There was one case of delayed perforation post-EBL. There were no complications after clipping.

Direct clipping when placement of clips at the bleeding point is feasible and EBL when direct clipping is not feasible is a reasonable strategy in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Selection of hemostatic method according to the visual field of SRH and maneuverability of the endoscope allows the advantages of both methods to be realized.
Bilateral Primary Breast Lymphoma Masquerading as Breast Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Vasnik Anusheel Anchal , Chandrakar Pradeep Kumar , Choudhary Vivek
Published: November 2024

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity, accounting for roughly 0.5% of all primary breast tumors. It commonly presents as a lump, which is frequently confirmed based on histopathological findings, as it is difficult to differentiate from other breast primaries on imaging. On histopathology, the most common subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Prognostic factors are age, histological grade, and stage at diagnosis. We report a case of a 44-year-old female, who came to us with a painless lump in her left breast, after having a modified radical mastectomy for a similar lump in the opposite breast, under the suspicion of carcinoma breast, 25 days ago. Postoperative histopathology report from the right breast was positive for DLBCL, similar to a tru-cut biopsy from the left breast. 18-Fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done, which showed no avid lesions in any other organs. The patient was started on an RCHOP chemotherapy regimen. She responded very well to the treatment. After 4 years, the patient remains disease free with no evidence of any recurrence in yearly follow-up PET scans. Awareness and clinical suspicion of PBL are critical for rapid and precise diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery and better treatment outcomes.
Periodontitis and Its Role in Oral Cancer Susceptibility: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Reddy Sujatha S. , N. Rakesh , Prashanth Radha , Choudhary Ruchika , S. Sruthy
Published: November 2024

Introduction Oral cancer and periodontitis are complex, multifactorial diseases, influenced by common risk factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and oral health practices. While certain studies indicate a positive correlation between periodontitis and oral cancer, the precise mechanisms and causation remain unclear.

Objective This study aims to determine if individuals with periodontitis have a heightened risk of developing oral cancer compared with those with healthy periodontal conditions.

Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty-six participants, 63 with oral cancer and 63 without oral cancer, were enrolled. A structured questionnaire was developed to gather data on demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle risk factors, dietary habits, periodontal condition, oral hygiene practices, and complete oral health status. Statistical analysis used chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests and logistic regression to understand potential influences on oral cancer development.

Results Notable associations were identified between oral cancer occurrence and specific socioeconomic factors and lifestyle behaviors, including gender, age, education level, and tobacco and alcohol usage. Average Silness and Loe plaque index values, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss values were significantly higher in cases than controls. Patients with periodontitis exhibited a higher incidence of oral cancer (63.9%) compared with those without periodontitis (32.4%).

A substantial majority of oral cancer patients (72.9%) exhibited stage 4 periodontitis, contrasting with controls (30.6%).

Conclusion Periodontitis emerges as a significant individual risk factor influencing oral cancer development. Rigorous monitoring is recommended for individuals with compromised periodontal health, particularly with severe periodontitis and concurrent risk factors. Prioritizing preservation of periodontal health in high-risk individuals holds promise for mitigating oral cancer–associated risks.
Xenotransplantation in the European Union: towards harmonisation and accessibility
Authors: Andriichuk Bohdan
Published: November 2024

The regulation of xenotransplants in the European Union has undergone significant changes, particularly with the introduction of the Reflection Paper on the Classification of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. This paper defines products containing animal cells or tissues for human administration as Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs). This regulatory shift extended restrictions on ATMPs to other products like animal cell/tissue transplants. This article examines the implications of this change, exploring concerns about reclassifying procedures currently in clinical practice and neglecting the nature of xenotransplants as transplants rather than medicinal products. It highlights challenges in adopting this classification, including increased costs for healthcare facilities, and sustainability concerns. Recommendations are provided, including creating separate legislation for animal cells, tissues, and organs, refining ATMP classification criteria to exempt products without genome modification, recombinant nucleic acids, substantial manipulation, or intended non-homologous use, and reducing regulatory burdens for minimally manipulated xenotransplants to facilitate access. Engaging experts and stakeholders in decision-making and balancing safety with accessibility and sustainability is advocated. The article emphasizes the need to avoid hindering the clinical translation of xenotransplants and to implement proportionate, science-based legislation that inspires global harmonization while benefiting patients.
Excitation of waves in metals with a mirror surface near cyclotron resonance
Authors: Kaner E. A. , Makarov N. M. , Fal’ko V. L. , Yampol’skiĭ V. A.
Published: November 2024

The asymptotically exact solution is obtained for the problem of the excitation of short cyclotron waves in metals with a mirror surface. A resonance effect involving surface electrons and due to anomalous penetration of an electromagnetic field into the metal is predicted. It is shown that weakly damped cyclotron-type waves should exist near such a resonance. The conditions of observation are specified and the resonance line shape for the field distribution and the spectrum of these waves are found.
Galvanomagnetic effects in metals with closed Fermi surfaces in intermediate magnetic fields
Authors: Gurzhi R. N. , Kopeliovich A. I.
Published: November 2024

Low-temperature magnetoresistivity in metals with a closed Fermi surface is considered for the case when the relaxation processes are determined by electron-phonon interactions. In the situations studied the probability of Umklapp processes is appreciable either in the neighborhood of some isolated “hot” spots (Sec. 1), near certain lines, or within some regions covering a significant part of the Fermi surface (Sec. 2). In the latter case an important role may be played by the mechanism of “magnetic Umklapp” diffusion which forms effective electron orbits over a wide range of magnetic fields that are significantly different from those in a strong magnetic field. In particular, the effective orbits can be open or hole-type for a closed electron Fermi surface. The existence of a region of intermediate magnetic fields is shown to be a typical situation not associated with any specific feature of the Fermi surface although the width of this region and the behavior of transverse resistivity in it do depend essentially on the temperature range and the features of the electron spectrum of the particular metal.
Collective excitations in a two-dimensional classical plasma on a dielectric film
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the properties of a nonideal two-dimensional classical electron gas above a thin dielectric film deposited on a metal substrate. The spectrum and damping of two-dimensional plasmons are calculated in the random-phase approximation. It is shown that for certain values of the external parameters (temperature and concentration) Landau damping becomes very pronounced and weakly-damped collective excitations in such a system of charges are simultaneously absent for all values of the wave vector.
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on antiferromagnetic resonance in CoCl2
Authors: Lukin S. N. , Vodolazskiĭ P. V. , Ryabenko S. M.
Published: November 2024

The effect of hydrostatic pressure (to 2.5 kbar) on high frequency antiferromagnetic resonance in the laminar easy-plane antiferromagnet CoCl2 is studied at T = 4.2°K at a frequency of 75 GHz. The value of the exchange field, which is proportional to the interlayer exchange constant, depends exponentially on pressure, varying from 32 kOe at p = 0 to 44 ±2 kOe at p =2.1 ±0.2 kbar. CoCl2 compressibility data are used to obtain the exponential dependence of the interlayer exchange constant on interlayer distance d. Possible interlayer exchange mechanisms are considered. It is shown that the magnitude, sign, and distance dependence of interlayer exchange are consistent with the hypothesis of direct exchange interaction.
Asymmetric conformation of the high-spin state of iron(II)-tris(2,2-bipyridine): Time-resolved x-ray absorption and ultraviolet circular dichroism
Authors: Sanna Nico , Zazza Costantino , Chillemi Giovanni , Pace Elisabetta , Cappelluti Francesco , Bencivenni Luigi , Oppermann Malte , Benfatto Maurizio , Chergui Majed
Published: November 2024

We analyze the structures of the low-spin (LS) ground state and the high-spin (HS) lowest excited state of the iron-(II)-tris bipyridine complex ([Fe(bpy)3]2+) using density functional theory PBE methods, modeling the solvent interactions with conductor-like polarizable continuum model. These calculations are globally benchmarked against a wide range of experimental observables that include ultraviolet-visible linear absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra and Fe K-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES). The calculations confirm the already established D3 geometry of the LS state, as well as a departure from this geometry for the HS state, with the appearance of inequivalent Fe–N bond elongations. The simulated structures nicely reproduce the above-mentioned experimental observables. We also calculate the vibrational modes of the LS and HS states. For the former, they reproduce well the vibrational frequencies from published infrared and Raman data, while for the latter, they predict very well the low-frequency vibrational coherences, attributed to Fe-N stretch modes, which were reported in ultrafast spectroscopic experiments. We further present calculations of the high-frequency region, which agree with recent ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy studies. This work offers a common basis to the structural information encoded in the excited state CD and the Fe K XANES of the HS state tying together different structural IR, UV-visible, and x-ray observables.
Creation of a tweezer array for cold atoms utilizing a generative neural network
Authors: Ren Zejian , Yan Xu , Wen Kai , Chen Huijin , Hajiyev Elnur , He Chengdong , Jo Gyu-Boong
Published: November 2024

Optical tweezers have become an essential tool for dynamically manipulating objects, ranging from microspheres or biological molecules to neutral atoms. In this study, we demonstrate the creation of tweezer arrays using a generative neural network, which allows the trapping of neutral atoms with tunable atom arrays. We have successfully loaded cold strontium atoms into various optical tweezer patterns generated using a spatial light modulator (SLM) integrated with generative models. Our approach shortens the process time to control the SLM with a minimal time delay, eliminating the need for repeated re-optimization of the hologram for the SLM.
Hydrodynamic performance of raceway pond using k-ω and LES turbulence models
Authors: Kumari Rozy , Das Bhabani Shankar , Devi Kamalini , Khuntia Jnana Ranjan , Mohanty Mohit Prakash
Published: November 2024

A raceway pond is a type of closed-loop recirculation channel that is long and shallow and is commonly used for large-scale microalgae cultivation. A key issue with the incorrect design of a raceway pond is the presence of a dead zone, where the flow velocity is low or non-uniform. This can have a negative impact on the growth of algae and reduce the efficiency of the cultivation process. To address this issue, this study focused on analyzing the hydrodynamic performance of the pond by examining the effect of different aspect ratios on velocity uniformity. Aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the length/width. This study found that an aspect ratio greater than 15 provides better uniformity in flow velocity, improving microalgae growth in the pond. This paper also investigated the impact of the location of the paddle wheel, which is used to create flow and minimize dead zones. Two different locations of the paddle wheel were considered, and computational fluid dynamics and k-ω and large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence closure equations were used to simulate the hydrodynamics of the pond. This study found that the efficiency of the raceway pond is better when the paddle wheel is placed in the middle of the total length of the pond. After simulating the raceway pond using both the k-ω and LES turbulence models, it was found that the LES model provided better results. This suggests that the LES model was able to capture the turbulent flow characteristics more accurately in the raceway pond as compared to the k-ω model.
Extending Schmidt vector from pure to mixed states for characterizing entanglement
Authors: Meroi F. , Losada M. , Bosyk G. M.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we enhance the understanding of entanglement transformations and their quantification by extending the concept of Schmidt vector from pure to mixed bipartite states, exploiting the lattice structure of majorization. The Schmidt vector of a bipartite mixed state is defined using two distinct methods: as a concave roof extension of Schmidt vectors of pure states, or equivalently, from the set of pure states that can be transformed into the mixed state through local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We demonstrate that the Schmidt vector fully characterized separable and maximally entangled states. Furthermore, we prove that the Schmidt vector is monotonic and strongly monotonic under LOCC, giving necessary conditions for conversions between mixed states. Additionally, we extend the definition of the Schmidt rank from pure states to mixed states as the cardinality of the support of the Schmidt vector and show that it is equal to the Schmidt number introduced in previous work [Terhal and Horodecki, Phys. Rev. A 61, 040301(R) (2000)]. Finally, we introduce a family of entanglement monotones by considering concave and symmetric functions applied to the Schmidt vector.
TopoLoop: A new tool for chromatin loop detection in live cells via single-particle tracking
Authors: Kokkanti Aryan , Atanasiu Andrew , Kolbin Daniel , Adalsteinsson David , Bloom Kerry , Vasquez Paula A.
Published: November 2024

We present a novel method for identifying topological features of chromatin domains in live cells using single-particle tracking and topological data analysis (TDA). By applying TDA to particle trajectories, we can effectively detect complex spatial patterns, such as loops, that are often missed by traditional time series analysis. Using simulations of polymer bead–spring chains, we have validated the accuracy of our method and determined its limitations for detecting loops. Our approach offers a promising avenue for exploring the topological complexity of chromatin in living cells using TDA techniques.
Launch characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicle into water and suction characteristics of tail propeller in near free liquid position
Authors: Chen Yanli , Ren Tianlong , Wei Jun
Published: November 2024

Airborne autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are transported over a specific sea area using a consignment device and enter the water for operations by airdrop. During entry into the water, a series of pressure pulsations are created on the surface of the airframe due to the impact of the airframe against the current, these pressure pulsations can propagate to the components loaded inside the AUV and cause the device to malfunction. On the other hand, when the AUV is operating near the surface, the suction effect of the tail propeller can cause a significant reduction in propulsion efficiency. In this paper, a series of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the launch characteristics of the AUV into the water and the suction characteristics of the tail propeller. The numerical prediction of the AUV entry process at different angles and speeds is carried out using the overset grid method, and the response curves of the AUV entry aerodynamic characteristics with different launch parameters are obtained. The evolving mechanism of the vacuole of the AUV under 30° water entry conditions is discussed in detail. The suction characteristics of the propeller at different sinking depth positions are calculated using the slip grid method. The calculation results show that the propulsion efficiency of the propeller is related to both the inlet speed coefficient and the different sinking depths. The above numerical models are built using OpenFOAM as the basic framework.
An interactive platform of deep reinforcement learning and wind tunnel testing
Authors: Dong Xinhui , Wang Zhuoran , Lin Pengfei , Wang Qiulei , Hu Gang
Published: November 2024

Flow around bluff bodies is a classic problem in fluid mechanics, and flow control is a critical approach for manipulating the aerodynamic characteristics of bluff bodies. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a highly potential method of flow control. However, the application of DRL to wind tunnel testing involves significant obstacles, which can be classified into software, hardware, and interaction challenges. These challenges make the application of DRL-based wind tunnel testing particularly complex and challenging for many researchers. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel DRL-based wind tunnel testing platform, named DRLinWT. DRLinWT introduces a universal adapter capable of managing interactive communications across multiple mainstream communication protocols and integrates commonly used reinforcement learning libraries, thereby significantly reducing the interaction cost between DRL algorithms and wind tunnel tests. Using this platform, a DRL-based flow control experiment for a square cylinder in three flow fields of varying complexity was conducted.
Comparison of intermediate-range order in GeO2 glass: Molecular dynamics using machine-learning interatomic potential vs reverse Monte Carlo fitting to experimental data
Authors: Matsutani Kenta , Kasamatsu Shusuke , Usuki Takeshi
Published: November 2024

The short-range order and intermediate-range order in GeO2 glass are investigated by molecular dynamics using machine-learning interatomic potential trained on ab initio calculation data and compared with the reverse Monte Carlo fitting of neutron diffraction data. To characterize the structural differences in each model, the total/partial structure factors, coordination number, ring size and shape distributions, and persistent homology analysis were performed. These results show that although the two approaches yield similar two-body correlations, they can lead to three-dimensional models with different short- and intermediate-range ordering. A clear difference was observed especially in the ring distributions; RMC models exhibit a broad distribution in the ring size distribution, while neural network potential molecular dynamics yield much narrower ring distributions. This confirms that the density functional approximation in the ab initio calculations determines the preferred network assembly more strictly than RMC with simple coordination constraints even when using multiple diffraction data.
Using alpacas as guardian animals in Australia: a survey of sheep producers
Authors: Matthews Paige , Doyle Emma , Doughty Amanda K. , Brown Wendy Y. , Barwick Jamie
Published: November 2024

Context This is the first survey, to our knowledge, that examines how sheep producers in Australia use alpacas as guardian animals. Aims To document current management practices surrounding guardian alpacas to protect sheep and gain an understanding about producers’ opinions on the effectiveness of their alpacas in increasing lamb survival, and provide recommendations for producers looking to invest in guardian alpacas. Methods An online survey aimed to target sheep producers that use alpacas as guardian animals in Australia. Survey was advertised through social media and mail-out copies were sent to known producers that own guardian alpacas. Key results The majority of respondents (72%, n = 65) co-graze 1 alpaca to every 1–50 sheep, with most of respondents (54%, n = 44) introducing alpacas to their flock of sheep 10 weeks before lambing. The majority of respondents (82%, n = 74) noted that the alpacas bonded with the sheep either straight away or within 1–4 weeks, regardless of the number of alpacas placed with sheep (P < 0.001 for all alpaca to sheep ratios when comparing bonding time of <4 weeks vs >4 weeks). It was common for respondents to own castrated males aged between 2 and 5 years (58%, n = 52). Approximately half of the respondents were hobby farmers (48%, n = 56). The survey findings suggested that producers believed that alpacas are effective in protecting against foxes, but not as effective against more aggressive predators such as wild dogs. The respondents witnessed alpacas exhibiting a range of guarding behaviours, including staying close to lambs, and chasing, vocalising or killing potential threats. In total, 72% of respondents reported that their lamb survival increased after introducing alpacas and gave the animals an average rating of 7.5 of 10 in relation to their effectiveness. A total of 70 respondents (83%) stated that they would recommend alpacas as guardian animals to other producers and noted that they are highly cost-effective. Conclusions Surveyed producers consistently considered alpacas as an effective form of predator deterrent and associated their use with increasing lamb survival. Implications Lamb mortality remains a major issue in the sheep industry. This survey highlighted one form of predator deterrent that surveyed sheep producers have used in the effort to increase their lamb survival. Additionally, these findings have provided knowledge, such as how these animals are being used by the respondents and information for producers looking to invest in guardian alpacas.
Translation censorship
Authors: Karoubi Behrouz
Published: November 2024

The imperative significance of translation and translators, the existence of multiple synchronic translations of
the same literary works, and the stringent censorship enforced by a totalitarian theocratic regime on translators are among
numerous facets that render the Iranian context a promising subject for translational research, transcending its geographical
boundaries. However, despite the distinct peculiarities of this domain, the matter of translation censorship in Iran has not
garnered the scholarly attention it warrants. In contrast to academic literature, the issue of censorship in translation has
received relatively more substantial coverage in non-academic Persian-speaking journals and newspapers within Iran, wherein
interviews with professional translators are frequently featured. This discrepancy highlights a disconnect between academia and
the practical realities concerning the plight of translation censorship in Iran, necessitating reconciliation. Accordingly, this
paper addresses this disparity by elucidating the enigma of translation censorship in Iran, meticulously expounding its operative
mechanisms and the primary actors involved.