bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being Different Leads to Being Connected
Authors: Takemura Kosuke
Published: August 2014

The current research proposes that high need for uniqueness (NFU) brings individuals positive life outcomes by helping them be connected with, rather than isolated from, others in societies where social relationships are mobile and generally open to outsiders. In societies characterized by a high mobility of relationships (relational mobility) that may result in market-like competitive circumstances (e.g., America), NFU may increase chances of social success by leading individuals to develop their unique “selling points.” In contrast, high NFU may bring worse results in closed societies (e.g., Japan) because of the associated risk of being ostracized. This hypothesis was examined and confirmed by three studies that employed cross-national as well as cross-regional comparisons within a single nation. A pilot study first confirmed that for societies higher in relational mobility, a high NFU person was viewed more favorably as a friend. Studies 1 and 2 found that NFU was more positively associated with life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction (Study 2), as well as income (Study 2) in societies higher in relational mobility.
Becoming Queerly Responsive
Authors: Brockenbrough Ed
Published: August 2014

Although recent attention to homophobic bullying in American K-12 schools has increased public concern over the plight of queer students, it has also fallen short of addressing a range of dilemmas facing urban queer youth of color, whose needs extend beyond protection from homophobic victimization. Drawing upon an ethnographic study of an HIV/AIDS prevention and supports center, this article describes the center’s culturally responsive pedagogical work with Black and Latino urban queer youth, and it identifies several implications for how educational and community stakeholders who work with urban youth might engage this particular population in a culturally responsive manner.
Why Do Students Bully? An Analysis of Motives Behind Violence in Schools
Authors: Fluck Julia
Published: August 2014

Research on school bullying and violence has always been working with taxonomies of bullying to categorize aggressive acts. Researchers distinguish between direct and indirect or between physical, verbal, and relational bullying. Cyberbullying is categorized either by type of action or by type of medium. In this article, we propose another kind of categorization: the taxonomy of reasons. A questionnaire was developed that asks for the five dimensions “instrumental,” “power,” “sadism,” “ideology,” and “revenge.” It was tested with middle-school children in Germany. While bullies claim that their reasons were mostly revenge, victims mostly insinuate sadism and power. Both groups claim that ideology and instrumental violence play a little role. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) show that at least four of the theoretically proposed dimensions make sense (except instrumentality). A qualitative analysis of open answers shows that for future questionnaires, the taxonomy should include additional dimensions, such as peer pressure and lack of self-control.
Adaptive load observer-based feed-forward control in PMSM drive system
Authors: Zhao Shouhua , Chen Yangsheng , Mao Yongle
Published: August 2014

This paper presents an adaptive observer-based approach to improve the speed-tracking control performance in the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system with unknown load torque and mechanical parameters. An adaptive observer is designed to estimate the load torque and the mechanical parameters. Using the stability analysis result of Popov theory, the proposed observer is restructured. Then, an adaptive torque feed-forward control is introduced to improve the system dynamic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is illustrated both by simulation and by experimental results.
The order recurrence quantification analysis of the characteristics of two-phase flow pattern based on multi-scale decomposition
Authors: Fan Chunling , Li Haojie , Ren Xia
Published: August 2014

Based on the conductance fluctuating signals of the gas–liquid two-phase flow measured in a vertical upward pipe, the multi-scale order recurrence quantification analysis method is used to research the dynamic characteristics of the gas–liquid two-phase typical flow patterns. We obtain each scale signal of the conductance fluctuating signals of the gas–liquid two-phase flow by ensemble empirical mode multi-scale decomposition, and then draw the order recurrence plot (ORP) of each scale signal. In order to test the effect of the ORP, we conduct quantitative analysis of the ORP through the averaged diagonal length. The results show that the ORP method can characterize the dynamic characteristics of the two-phase flow pattern. Compared with the recurrence plot (RP), the ORP clearly shows the entire texture of blocks, and it is more intuitive and effective than the linear texture of the RP visually. It is shown that multi-scale order recurrence analysis is an efficient method for understanding the characteristics of the gas–liquid two-phase flow patterns.
A Case of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Severely Malnourished, HIV‐Negative Patient
Authors: Attalla El Halabieh Nadia , Petrillo Enrico , Laviano Alessandro , Delfino Massimo , Rossi Fanelli Filippo
Published: August 2014

Malnutrition increases the risk of infections in patients receiving medical and surgical procedures, but it is not clear whether it may facilitate also the development of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapies. Here we report the first case of a non‐HIV, severely malnourished woman who developed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. This report highlights the clinical relevance of malnutrition as a determinant of immune suppression, which in turn may also favor opportunistic infections. Therefore, routine nutrition screening and assessment, as well as timely start of nutrition therapy, should be prioritized in daily clinical practice to reduce complications and improve outcome.
Evaluation of True Vocal Fold Growth as a Function of Age
Authors: Rogers Derek J. , Setlur Jennifer , Raol Nikhila , Maurer Rie , Hartnick Christopher J.
Published: August 2014

Objective

To evaluate change in true vocal fold length as a function of age.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Tertiary aerodigestive center.

Subjects and Methods

In total, 205 patients (aged 1 month to 20 years), of whom 87 (42.4%) were female and 118 (57.6%) male, were included. Lengths of the total vocal fold (TVFL), membranous vocal fold (MVFL), and cartilaginous vocal fold (CVFL) were measured during direct laryngoscopy. Membranous‐to‐cartilaginous (M/C) ratios were calculated.

Results

For patients younger than 1 year, mean (SD) MVFL was 4.4 (1.3) mm for females and 4.9 (1.8) mm for males. At age 17 years, mean (SD) MVFL was 12.3 (2.1) mm for females and 14.0 (1.4) mm for males. Mean TVFL, MVFL, and CVFL increased an average of 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.2 mm per year in linear fashion, respectively (linear regression, P <. 0001). The M/C ratio did not significantly change with age (P =. 33). Mean TVFL, MVFL, and CVFL showed no statistical difference between males and females (P =. 27,. 11, and. 75, respectively).

Conclusion

This is the largest longitudinal pediatric study specifically examining vocal fold length as a function of age. Each length of the true vocal fold appeared to linearly increase for both females and males. The M/C ratio remained relatively constant, unlike previously reported data, possibly due to in vivo vs cadaveric measurements. These findings suggest that critical periods of development in females and males are not explainable by changes in vocal fold length alone, and other factors such as vocal fold layers need further exploration.
Cultivating a Jian Zi
Authors: Chen Wei-Ren
Published: August 2014

This qualitative case study explored the operational curricula of an art teacher’s responsive pedagogy that focused on the differentiation aspects for artistically talented students in an elementary school in Taiwan. Findings indicate that cultivating a Jian Zi is the heart of the value system embedded in the art teacher’s responsive pedagogy for the development of art talent. Jian Zi means a superior person with both talent and virtue ( Cai De Jian Bei). Three themes are discussed: (a) qualitatively differentiated curricula for fostering sensitivity to human concerns; (b) harmonic integration between self-pursuits and group intentions; and (c) personalized guidance for well-balanced mixtures of substance and refinement. The art teachers’ responsive pedagogy can inspire practitioners to implement a differentiated “attentive living art curriculum” (Gude, 2007) in their classrooms.
A study of the reliability of the Nociception Coma Scale
Authors: Riganello F , Cortese MD , Arcuri F , Candelieri A , Guglielmino F , Dolce G , Sannita WG , Schnakers C
Published: August 2014

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the reliability of the Nociception Coma Scale which has recently been developed to assess nociception in non-communicative, severely brain-injured patients.

Design:

Prospective cross-sequential study.

Setting:

Semi-intensive care unit and long-term brain injury care.

Subjects:

Forty-four patients diagnosed as being in a vegetative state ( n=26) or in a minimally conscious state ( n=18).

Interventions:

Patients were assessed by two experts (rater A and rater B) on two consecutive weeks to measure inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability.

Main measures:

Total scores and subscores of the Nociception Coma Scale.

Results:

We performed a total of 176 assessments. The inter-rater agreement was moderate for the total scores (k = 0.57) and fair to substantial for the subscores (0.33 ≤ k ≤ 0.62) on week 2. The test-retest reliability was substantial for the total scores (k = 0.66) and moderate to almost perfect for the subscores (0.53 ≤ k ≤ 0.96) for rater A. The inter-rater agreement was weaker on week 1, whereas the test-retest reliability was lower for the least experienced rater (rater B).

Conclusions:

This study provides further evidence of the psychometric qualities of the Nociception Coma Scale. Future studies should assess the impact of practical experience and background on administration and scoring of the scale.
Factors describing community ambulation after stroke: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Barclay Ruth , Ripat Jacquie , Mayo Nancy
Published: August 2014

Objective:

To develop a model of community ambulation after stroke based on: Canadian data from community-dwelling individuals post-stroke; the experiences and opportunities for community ambulation expressed by individuals with stroke; and current literature. The model presents a visual depiction of the relationships between the different factors of community ambulation after stroke.

Design:

A quantitative/qualitative explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was utilized. Secondary data analysis with structural equation modeling resulted in a community ambulation model. Two focus groups of individuals with stroke were conducted to verify and explain the model.

Setting:

Community.

Subjects:

Quantitative data from 227 participants: 142 (63%) male; 63.4 (12.0) years of age and 2.6 (2.5) years post stroke. Eleven individuals participated in the focus groups: 6 (55%) male; 61.4 (6.9) years of age and 5.8 (3.3) years since stroke.

Main measures:

Model variables: items from the EuroQol, Preference Based Stroke Index, gait speed, Reintegration to Normal Living Index, the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors, and the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results:

The model had reasonable fit with three latent variables: ambulation, gait speed, and health perceptions (normed χ2 = 1.8, root mean square error of approximation = 0.060 (0.043; 0.075)). Depression was also a component of community ambulation. Participants verified the model and added endurance and the environment as additional components. Participants used self-awareness and knowledge of the environment to engage in cognitive strategies related to community ambulation.

Conclusions

A model of community ambulation after stroke was developed and verified. Recognizing important components of community ambulation may assist physiotherapists in determining community ambulation goals, needs, and opportunities in partnership with clients.
Does adding a 12-month exercise programme to usual care after a rotator cuff repair effect disability and quality of life at 12 months? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Piitulainen Kirsi , Häkkinen Arja , Salo Petri , Kautiainen Hannu , Ylinen Jari
Published: August 2014

Objective:

To compare a 12-month home-based exercise programme with usual care for disability and health-related quality of life after rotator cuff repair.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatient physical and rehabilitation medicine clinic.

Subjects:

Consecutive patients ( n = 67, mean age 54 years) who underwent rotator cuff repairs were randomized into an experimental group (EG) or a usual care group (UCG).

Interventions:

The UCG received ordinary postoperative instructions, while the EG were given advice and instructions on a shoulder muscle strengthening programme to be undertaken at home.

Main measures:

Disability was assessed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), and quality of life with the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).

Results:

At the follow-up, no between-group differences were observed in any of the outcomes. The mean (SD) ASES score improved by 21 points (95% CI, 16 to 26, p < 0.001) in the EG from the baseline 74 (14) and by 25 points (95% CI, 20 to 31, p < 0.001) in the UCG from the baseline 70 (18). Both groups exhibited significant improvements ( p < 0.001) in the SF-36 physical component score. In the UCG, improvements were observed in the Social Functioning ( p = 0.034) and Role Emotional ( p = 0.003) dimensions. In the EG, 57% of the patients completed the exercises twice weekly for the first six months, after which training adherence declined.

Conclusions:

The home exercise programme and usual care were equally effective in improving disability and quality of life after rotator cuff repair. The extra time involved in teaching the home exercise programme is not warranted.
Controlling many differential-drive robots with uniform control inputs
Authors: Becker Aaron , Onyuksel Cem , Bretl Timothy , McLurkin James
Published: August 2014

This paper derives both open-loop and closed-loop control policies that steer a finite set of differential-drive robots to desired positions in a two-dimensional workspace, when all robots receive the same control inputs but each robot turns at a slightly different rate. In the absence of perturbation, the open-loop policy achieves zero error in finite time. In the presence of perturbation, the closed-loop policy is globally asymptotically stabilizing with state feedback. Both policies were validated with hardware experiments using up to 15 robots. These experimental results suggest that similar policies might be applied to control micro- and nanoscale robotic systems, which are often subject to similar constraints.
From Tube to Breast
Authors: Davanzo Riccardo , Strajn Tamara , Kennedy Jacqueline , Crocetta Anna , De Cunto Angela
Published: August 2014

Determination of the optimal timing of breastfeeding initiation for preterm infants is still a challenge for health professionals. Often unjustified delays and restrictions of breastfeeding occur due to non-evidence-based current opinions about preterm infants’ feeding capacity. Semi-demand feeding has been proposed for preterm infants during the transition from scheduled to full demand feeding, to promote the establishment of self-regulated oral feeding. Although semi-demand feeding has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing time to reaching oral feeding, the implementation of this feeding pattern for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is still limited. We developed a protocol for the application of semi-demand feeding in preterm infants based on the existing knowledge of preterm infant neurodevelopment and NICU organization and staff experience. The protocol’s aim is to attain successful transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding. In this article, we describe the protocol used in the neonatal unit of the Maternal and Child Health Institute of Trieste, a third level care center in northeastern Italy.
The effect that energy storage and return feet have on the propulsion of the body: A pilot study
Authors: Crimin Anthony , McGarry Anthony , Harris Elena Jane , Solomonidis Stephan Emanuel
Published: August 2014

A variety of energy storage and return prosthetic feet are currently available for use within lower limb prostheses. Designs claim to provide a beneficial energy return during push-off, but the extent to which this occurs remains disputed. Techniques currently used to measure energy storage, dissipation and return within the structure of the prosthetic foot are debatable, with limited evidence to support substantial elastic energy storage and return from existing designs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of energy storage and return foot designs through considering the ankle power during push-off and the effect on body centre of mass propulsion. To achieve this aim, the gait patterns of six trans-tibial prosthetic users wearing different designs of energy storage and return feet were analysed while ascending a ramp. Three examples of energy storage and return feet (suitable for moderate activity) were selected and randomly evaluated: the Blatchford’s Epirus, Össur Assure and College Park Tribute feet. The power at the anatomical and mechanical ankle joints was integrated to evaluate the work done over the gait cycle. The direction of the inertial force, and therefore propulsion of the body centre of mass, was used to indicate the effect of the energy return by the energy storage and return feet. Results indicate that although energy storage and return feet may provide energy return, the work done around the prosthetic ankle indicates net power absorption. Therefore, the prosthetic limb is unable to contribute to the body centre of mass propulsion to the same extent as the biological limb.
A “Present” for the Future
Authors: Zhang Ting , Kim Tami , Brooks Alison Wood , Gino Francesca , Norton Michael I.
Published: August 2014

Although documenting everyday activities may seem trivial, four studies reveal that creating records of the present generates unexpected benefits by allowing future rediscoveries. In Study 1, we used a time-capsule paradigm to show that individuals underestimate the extent to which rediscovering experiences from the past will be curiosity provoking and interesting in the future. In Studies 2 and 3, we found that people are particularly likely to underestimate the pleasure of rediscovering ordinary, mundane experiences, as opposed to extraordinary experiences. Finally, Study 4 demonstrates that underestimating the pleasure of rediscovery leads to time-inconsistent choices: Individuals forgo opportunities to document the present but then prefer rediscovering those moments in the future to engaging in an alternative fun activity. Underestimating the value of rediscovery is linked to people’s erroneous faith in their memory of everyday events. By documenting the present, people provide themselves with the opportunity to rediscover mundane moments that may otherwise have been forgotten.
Advances and Challenges
Authors: Loerzel Victoria Wochna , Conner Norma
Published: August 2014

This study describes nursing students’ reflections on taking an online course on death and dying. In a semistructured paper, students described fears of caring for clients at end of life (EOL), important content learned, and remaining discomforts. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Consistent themes were noted among the papers. Student reflections on the knowledge they gained closely followed initial fears. Several students appreciated the ability to reflect on their experiences in a nonjudgmental setting. Overall, the data showed that nursing students can become more confident in EOL care through online education. Knowledge gains and continued fears about the same topics suggest EOL confidence lies along a continuum and may require ongoing education. Future research should focus on offering online continuing education on EOL to practicing nurses.
An Interprofessional Workshop for Students to Improve Communication and Collaboration Skills in End-of-life Care
Authors: Erickson Jeanne M. , Blackhall Leslie , Brashers Valentina , Varhegyi Nikole
Published: August 2014

Interprofessional care is critical for patients at the end of life (EOL), but programs to teach communication skills to medical and nursing students are rare. The aims of this study were to determine whether an interprofessional workshop improves (1) student attitudes toward teamwork and (2) self-efficacy for communicating in difficult situations. Nursing and medical students attended a workshop with collaborative role play of an EOL conversation. Before the workshop, students showed different attitudes toward teamwork and collaboration and varying levels of confidence about communication skills. After the workshop, both groups reported more positive attitudes toward teamwork but a mixed picture of confidence in communication. Experiential interprofessional education workshops enhance perceptions about the benefits of teamwork, but further teaching and evaluation methods are needed to maximize the effectiveness.
The First 50 Years and the Next 50 Years of A Behavioral Theory of the Firm
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Maslach David , Desai Vinit , Madsen Peter
Published: August 2014

To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1963 publication of A Behavioral Theory of the Firm ( BTF) by Richard Cyert and James G. March, we interviewed Professor James G. March. The purpose of this article is to disseminate the full text of that interview.
Competence Regimes in Professional Service Firm Internationalization and Professional Careers
Authors: Pinnington Ashly H. , Sandberg Jörgen
Published: August 2014

Professional service firms (PSFs) are dependent on the competence of their employees to develop and retain new business. We investigate how PSFs utilize professional competence for strategic goals such as business internationalization and simultaneously facilitate professionals’ career mobility. We examine over a 5-year period the careers of 29 lawyers working in a large corporate law firm and identify four different competence regimes: technicians, project managers, competitive analysts, and global strategists. We argue that these competence regimes enable PSFs to pursue organizational business strategies while advancing or constraining or even undermining professional employees’ career goals and aspirations. Specifically, we show how the four competence regimes facilitate the PSF’s strategy to internationalize its business and support high performing employees’ social mobility goals to develop their professional competence and advance their career. We then give suggestions for future research studies on competence regimes in professional organizations.
Metachronous Bilateral Testicular Seminoma Developing After an Interval of 31 Years
Authors: Sun Belinda L. , Pearl Russell , Sharifi Roohollah , Guzman Grace
Published: August 2014

Men diagnosed with testicular germ cell tumors are at higher risk for development of a second germ cell tumor in the contralateral testis. Metachronous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors usually occur within 5 years. Here, we report a case of a 63-year-old man previously diagnosed with testicular seminoma and treated with a left orchiectomy followed by radiation, developing contralateral testicular seminoma after an interval of 31 years. The patient was asymptomatic and found to have an enlarged, nontender right testis on routine urological examination. Further workup did not reveal evidence of metastatic disease or lymphadenopathy. The surgery specimen revealed a 4.2 × 3.1 × 1.8 cm distinct mass without tumor involvement of tunica albuginea or the tunica vaginalis. Microscopy showed classic seminoma with venous/lymphatic tumor invasion. The current case underscores the importance of recommending lifelong follow-up for patients with testicular germ cell tumors.
The Cross-Cultural Validity of the MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order Scales in a Sample of North Korean Female Refugees
Authors: Kim Seong-Hyeon , Goodman Grace M. , Toruno Joseph A. , Sherry Alissa R. , Kim Hee Kyung
Published: August 2014

We investigated the cross-cultural factorial validity of the three Higher-Order (H-O) scales in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) among a sample of North Korean female refugees ( N = 2,732). Given the importance of the H-O scales in the overall structure of the MMPI-2-RF scales and in interpretation, we were interested in exploring their cross-cultural validity. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the nine Restructured Clinical (RC) scale raw scores and fitted and compared one- to three-factor models. The three-factor model, akin to the model in Tellegen and Ben-Porath, demonstrated the best fit to the data. Furthermore, the pattern matrices of loadings across the current sample and the U.S. samples were comparable despite some differences, such as the RC2 scale’s salient, negative loading on a factor analogous to the Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction scale. We also investigated the unique psychological characteristics of the refugees, possibly resulting from the arduous, perilous journeys out of North Korea taken by this group of female refugees and discussed the results of EFA in light of those singular psychological traits and experiences. Overall, the three H-O scales of the Korean MMPI-2-RF evidenced reasonable cross-cultural factorial validity among the sample of North Korean female refugees.
Meta-Analysis of the Factor Structures of the Beck Depression Inventory–II
Authors: Huang Chiungjung , Chen Jyun-Hong
Published: August 2014

Two meta-analyses examined the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II). Study 1, which meta-analyzed 51 studies comprising 62 samples ( N = 20,475) providing pattern matrices, determined that the two-factor solution comprising Cognitive and Somatic-Affective factors was supported for the full sample. The two-factor solution was also supported for subgroups of studies. As the factor structure varied somewhat between subgroups of studies, the strength of relationships between scale items and their underlying depressive symptoms varied. Hence, comparisons of mean BDI-II scores across subgroups can be misleading. Study 2 meta-analyzed 13 studies consisting of 16 samples ( N = 5,128) providing covariance matrices among the 21 BDI-II items. The two-factor solution was again supported in Study 2. Nevertheless, the existence of a general depression factor was supported by the good fit of the one-factor model.
Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells and Strategies for Treatment of Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Díaz David , Muñoz-Castañeda Rodrigo , Alonso José Ramón , Weruaga Eduardo
Published: August 2014

Bone marrow stem cells are the best known stem cell type and have been employed for more than 50 years, especially in pathologies of the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, their therapeutic potential is much broader, and they can also be employed to palliate neural diseases. Apart from their plastic properties, these cells lack the legal or ethical constraints of other stem cell populations, that is, embryonic stem cells. Current research addressing the integration of bone marrow–derived cells into the neural circuits of the central nervous system, their features, and applications is a hotspot in neurobiology. Nevertheless, as in other leading research lines the efficacy and possibilities of their application depend on technical procedures, which are still far from being standardized. Accordingly, for efficient research this large range of variants should be taken into account as they could lead to unexpected results. Rather than focusing on clinical aspects, this review offers a compendium of the methodologies aimed at providing a guide for researchers who are working in the field of bone marrow transplantation in the central nervous system. It seeks to be useful for both introductory and trouble-shooting purposes, and in particular for dealing with the large array of bone marrow transplantation protocols available.
Clinicohematologic Profile of Patients With Factor VIII Inhibitors
Authors: Singh Neha , Mishra Pravas , Tyagi Seema , Pati H. P. , Mahapatra M. , Seth Tulika , Saxena Renu
Published: August 2014

Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors present major clinical challenge as a complication of hemophilia A in patients on treatment with FVIII concentrates and as acquired autoantibodies in patients without hemophilia A. We aimed to study the prevalence of FVIII inhibitors in Indian settings, risk factors involved in early development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia, differences in their clinical behavior, and approach to treatment, in comparison to patients with acquired hemophilia. The overall prevalence of FVIII inhibitors in patients with severe hemophilia A was found to be 22.3%. Two cases of acquired hemophilia were reported. Due to heterogeneity of our study population, cases have been discussed individually. We observed that the early development of FVIII inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A is dependent upon an interplay of several risk factors that need to be studied in a multivariable analysis to bring out significant correlation with response to treatment. Also, they differ from patients without hemophilia A entirely in terms of presentation and management.
On morphoelastic rods
Authors: Tiero Alessandro , Tomassetti Giuseppe
Published: August 2014

Morphoelastic rods are thin bodies which can grow and can change their intrinsic curvature and torsion. We deduce a system of equations that rule accretion and remodeling in a morphoelastic rod by combining balance laws involving non-standard forces with constitutive prescriptions filtered by a dissipation principle that takes into account both standard and non-standard working. We find that, as in the theory of three-dimensional bulk growth proposed [DiCarlo, A and Quiligotti, S. Mech Res Commun 2002; 29: 449–456], it is possible to identify a universal coupling mechanism between stress and growth, conveyed by an Eshelbian driving force.
The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Children’s Attention Regulation
Authors: Felver Joshua C. , Tipsord Jessica M. , Morris Maxwell J. , Racer Kristina Hiatt , Dishion Thomas J.
Published: August 2014

Objective: This article describes results from a randomized clinical trial of a mindfulness-based intervention for parents and children, Mindful Family Stress Reduction, on a behavioral measure of attention in youths, the Attention Network Task (ANT). Method: Forty-one parent–child dyads were randomly assigned to either the mindfulness-based intervention condition or a wait-list control. School-age youths completed the ANT before and after the intervention. Results: Results demonstrate significant, medium-size ( f2 = −.16) intervention effects to the conflict monitoring subsystem of the ANT such that those in the intervention condition decreased in conflict monitoring more than those in the wait-list control. Youths in the intervention condition also showed improvements in their orienting subsystem scores, compared with controls. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based interventions for youths have potential utility to improve attentional self-regulation, and future research should consider incorporating measures of attention into interventions that use mindfulness training.
Anesthetic Dilemmas for Dynamic Evaluation of the Pediatric Upper Airway
Authors: Chatterjee Debnath , Friedman Norman , Shott Sally , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: August 2014

Sleep cine magnetic resonance imaging and drug-induced sleep endoscopy are currently used to examine the patterns of dynamic airway collapse in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Providing anesthesia that mimics physiologic sleep in these children is a challenge but is critical for accurate interpretation of the airway evaluation. Anesthetic agents might negatively affect the upper airway evaluation. The anesthetic technique in these patients must be tailored to improve patient safety and obtain optimal study. This review focuses on the periprocedural challenges and anesthetic management of children presenting for dynamic evaluation of the upper airway.
Clinical competencies for the effective treatment of foster children
Authors: Zilberstein Karen , Popper Sally
Published: August 2014

Despite a high level of documented mental health needs among children who have experienced foster care, research indicates that treatment outcomes are often disappointing. In order to improve outcomes, evidence-based treatments for attachment, trauma and behavioral difficulties are often promoted for this population. However, little research exists on whether or not those interventions effectively address the unique and complex mental health needs of many foster children. While a rather robust literature exists on foster children’s multifaceted difficulties, most treatments do not fully represent that range and complexity in their interventions. This article attempts to begin to fill that gap by outlining the knowledge and skills clinicians must acquire if they are to effectively treat foster children. Treatment of foster children should be seen as a subspecialty within the field of child mental health, and trainings that help clinicians gain more knowledge of foster children’s unique needs should be more available.
Assessing child bilingualism: Direct assessment of bilingual syntax amends caretaker report
Authors: Lust Barbara , Flynn Suzanne , Blume María , Park Seong Won , Kang Carissa , Yang Sujin , Kim Ah-Young
Published: August 2014

Aims and objectives:

In this paper we investigate measures for the evaluation of a child’s bilingualism.

Methodology:

We compare a caretaker report on the estimated quantity and quality of a child’s bilingualism to results from direct assessment of the bilingual child’s production of complex sentences in Korean and English. We adopt an integrated methodology in which two case studies, closely matched on caretaker report and general background, are investigated directly through an elicited imitation task, for their knowledge of syntactic factors underlying development of coordinate sentence structure in both languages.

Data and analysis:

The participants are two four-year-old Korean-English bilingual children. We compare the caretaker report on the estimated quantity and quality of the children’s bilingualism to results from the direct assessment of their production of comparable complex sentences in both languages. We adopt an integrated methodology in which the two case studies, closely matched on caretaker report and general background, are investigated directly through an elicited imitation task for their knowledge of syntactic factors underlying development of coordinate sentence structure in both languages.

Findings:

Direct assessment reveals significant differences between the two children in the quantity and quality of their bilingualism, in spite of commonalities in caretaker reports.

Limitations:

This study compared only two children and two languages, and focused on language production. Replication with a larger number of subjects, including variation in child age, and measurement through other tasks, for example, tests of language comprehension, are merited.

Implications:

Results are interpreted as motivating both the refinement of caretaker report questionnaires and the necessity for direct assessment of bilingual participants, and suggest the elicited imitation task as a valuable method for conducting such direct assessment.
Parents’ experiences of parental groups in Swedish child health-care
Authors: Lefèvre Åsa , Lundqvist Pia , Drevenhorn Eva , Hallström Inger
Published: August 2014

Almost all parents in Sweden are invited to parental groups organized by the child health service (CHS) during their child’s first year, but only 40% chose to attend. The aim of this study was to describe parents’ experiences of participating in these parental groups. A total of 143 parents from 71 different parental groups at 27 child health-care (CHC) centres in one Swedish county completed an online questionnaire. A majority of the parents found the parental groups to be meaningful and more than 60% met someone in the group who they socialized with outside the meetings. Parents wanted a greater focus on child-related community information, existential questions, relationships and parenting in general. Group leadership seems to be of significance to how parents in a group connect and whether the parental role is affected. Making CHC nurses more aware of the topics parents desire could help them meet parents’ needs. Education and training in group dynamics and group leadership could be of value in further improving the high-quality service CHC nurses already offer parents. More knowledge is needed about what would attract those parents who do not participate.
On social neuroscience methodologies and their applicability to group processes and intergroup relations
Authors: Forbes Chad E.
Published: August 2014

Group processes and intergroup relations are one of the most important topics examined by social psychologists. Recent advancements in social neuroscience methodologies provide valuable insight into these processes by allowing researchers to examine different psychological phenomena via neural processes that instantiate them while individuals interact with ingroup and outgroup members. This includes responses that occur outside conscious awareness or are deemed undesirable to overtly express. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the different social neuroscience methodologies that afford these possibilities. Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and genetic approaches will be discussed. Each section includes a discussion of what the methodology is and how it is used to assess neural function. A secondary goal of the review is to highlight recent studies that have utilized the aforementioned tools to better understand intergroup processes and interactions. Throughout, advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed, particularly with respect to the study of group processes and intergroup relations.
The M235T polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene and atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang HuiXuan , Teng Yi , Wang Ke , Xia ZhengWu , Tian YuanYuan , Li CuiJuan
Published: August 2014

Objective:

The M235T polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene has been reported to be associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF).However, results from observational studies are conflicting.

Methods:

PubMed, google scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database(2000.1–2013.4) were searched for eligible articles; four separate studies with 2580 subjects on the relationship between M235T polymorphism and AF were analyzed by meta-analysis. The associations between M235T polymorphism and AF risk were estimated by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a fixed or random-effects model.

Results:

There was a significant association between M235T polymorphism and AF. The pooled OR for the recessive model in the total population was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.39–3.38, I2=0%). In a subgroup analysis by nationality, the pooled OR for TT vs. MM genotype was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.32–0.95, I2=0%) and the pooled OR for the recessive model was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.08–3.20, I2=0%) in Asians.

Conclusions:

The current meta-analysis suggested that the M235T polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene might be related to the increased risk of AF in Asians. Conclusive evidence on the effects of the variants in AF should be addressed in further studies.
Association of polymorphisms in AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes with primary aldosteronism in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Zhun , Huang Chao , Zhou Tingting , Lin Jinglai , Zhang Kaiyan , Li Wei , Zheng Jiaxin , Chen Bin , Wang Baojun , Zhang Xu , Xing Jinchun
Published: August 2014

Hypothesis:

Polymorphisms in angiotensin II type-1/2 receptor genes ( AGTR1/ AGTR2) may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism. The present study aims to reveal some loci susceptible to the disease on the genes in a group of Chinese Han nationality.

Materials and methods:

A case-control study was conducted in 202 patients and 188 controls. Ten tagging SNPs on AGTR1/ AGTR2 were genotyped for all subjects via the method of multiplex PCR-ligase detection reaction. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results:

rs3772616 on the AGTR1 gene was a factor for susceptibility to primary aldosteronism ( p<0.001), and the TT genotype significantly decreased the risk of primary aldosteronism compared with the CC homozygote ( p=0.008, adjusted OR=0.13; 95%CI: 0.03–0.59). The rs3772616 polymorphism was associated with primary aldosteronism under the additive and dominant models. The female carriers of the G allele in rs5193 showed a significant difference compared with the T allele.

Conclusions:

The AGTR1 rs3772616 polymorphism can be considered as a hereditary marker for primary aldosteronism, and in the Chinese Han population the rs5193 G allele seems to predispose to it only in women.
The efficacy and mechanism of dexmedetomidine in myocardial apoptosis via the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Authors: Wang Huishu , Zhang Siduo , Xu Shiyuan , Zhang Liangcheng
Published: August 2014

Introduction:

Pharmacological preconditioning limits myocardial infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in anesthesia that may have cardioprotective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine induces cardioprotection against myocardial apoptosis injury.

Methods:

In order to assess the role of dexmedetomidine on myocardial apoptosis, we established a grave scalding rat model. Blood and myocardial tissue from the ventriculus sinister were harvested, then troponin, myocardial apoptosis, and expression of caspase-12, GRP78, and CHOP were assessed.

Results:

Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced myocardial apoptosis, improved functional recovery, and reversed myocardial injury induced by grave scalding. The heart rate in the five groups studied was significantly different ( p < 0.05). The number of buffy-stained nucleoli in the myocardial cell was highest in the simple scald group. The expression of caspase-12 obviously increased in the simple scald group. The expression of GRP78 and CHOP increased in the simple scald and scald and 50 μg/kg dexmedetomidine groups ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results show that dexmedetomidine (DEX) produces cardioprotection against myocardial apoptosis injury. DEX is not only a useful sedative, but also plays a pivotal role in anesthetic cardioprotection. The potential benefits of DEX protection in high risk cardiovascular patients undergoing surgery are enormous.
A Brief History of International Latin American Student Fraternities
Authors: Fajardo Oliver
Published: August 2014

An international Latin American student fraternity movement preceded the current Latino Greeks that are seen on college campuses today. This document provides new information that has not been published. The movement lasted 86 years and primarily served wealthy international Latin American students who came to the United States to study and, once graduated, went back to their home countries. This was a different movement that became defunct before the current Latino Greeks emerged in 1975.
Perceptions of the Police by Immigrant Youth
Authors: Rengifo Andres F. , Fratello Jennifer
Published: August 2014

This mixed-methods study contributes to the emerging literature on immigration and law enforcement practices by measuring variation in attitudes toward the police across first- and second-generation immigrants in a survey sample of young individuals aged 18–25 stopped by the New York City Police Department ( N = 508). We supplement results from these models with insights from interviews with other youth and their caregivers ( N = 77). Findings show that foreign-born (first generation) youth generally exhibit more positive perceptions of police “effectiveness,” while those born in the United States to at least one foreign-born parent (second generation) are more likely to report more negative perceptions of “legitimacy.” The salience of immigration in these models, however, is weakened by the youths’ number of reported police stops as well as their perceived fairness and neutrality. Findings highlight the importance of considering police contact as a moderator of police attitudes as well as the need to unpack measures of police performance across subdomains.
Distinguished Scholar Invited Essay Requisites to and Ways of Developing a Global Mind-Set
Authors: Tung Rosalie L.
Published: August 2014

To respond effectively to changes in the calculus of global competition—the rise of emerging market multinationals and the crisis of confidence in industrialized countries—leaders and organizations need to develop a global mind-set. This article identifies four requisites to the development of a global mind-set and three ways for developing this orientation. The implications for leadership and organizations are then discussed.
Navigation Guidance Using Polyglycolic Acid Felt in Pure Laparoscopic Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Marubashi Shigeru , Gotoh Kunihito , Akita Hirofumi , Takahashi Hidenori , Sugimura Keijiro , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Motoori Masaaki , Kishi Kentaro , Noura Shingo , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Ohue Masayuki , Yano Masahiko , Ishikawa Osamu , Sakon Masato
Published: August 2014

Background. Appropriate determination of the dissecting plane for removing the tumor blood flow drainage area (TBF-D area) around a hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the tumor itself is essential in pure laparoscopic hepatectomy, but it is often difficult with the usual devices. Navigation technologies have been developed in an attempt to improve the technical accuracy, but they are still under development and cannot be easily applied yet in current clinical practice. To resolve this problem, we created a novel method of using absorbable polyglycolic acid felt (PGA felt) as a navigation guide in pure laparoscopic partial hepatectomy (PLH). Methods. We used a PGA felt cut into the appropriate shape in accordance with the shape determined preoperatively by simulation computed tomography in each case. We applied the felt on the surface of the liver intraoperatively as a guide for PLH. Results. The PGA felt was placed on the surface of the liver, with the central portion of the felt aligned to the central portion of the tumor. The resection line was marked around the felt using monopolar electrocautery. Then, after removing the PGA felt, PLH was successfully performed along the marked line. The surgical margin was confirmed to be adequate in the resected specimen, which showed complete resection of the TBF-D area as well as of the tumor in a comparison with the preoperative computed tomography angiography images. Conclusion. This new technique is easy and safe and enables resection of both the tumor(s) and the TBF-D area appropriately and accurately in PLH.