bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex transboundary movements of marine megafauna in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Barkley A. N. , Gollock M. , Samoilys M. , Llewellyn F. , Shivji M. , Wetherbee B. , Hussey N. E.
Published: March 2019

Transboundary marine species have an increased risk of overexploitation as management regimes and enforcement can vary among states. The complex geopolitical layout of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) introduces the potential for migratory species to cross multiple boundaries, consequently a lack of scientific data could complicate regional management. In the current study, we highlight both the relative lack of spatial data available in the WIO, and the prevalence of transboundary movements in species that have previously been studied in the region. Five tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier were tracked with near real‐time positioning (SPOT) satellite tags to determine individual shark movements relative to EEZs within the WIO. Concurrently, a literature search was performed to identify all satellite telemetry studies conducted to date in the WIO for marine megafaunal species, and the results compared to global satellite telemetry effort. Finally, the satellite tracks of all marine species monitored in the WIO were extracted and digitized to examine the scale of transboundary movements that occur in the region. Tiger sharks exhibited both coastal and oceanic movements, with one individual crossing a total of eight EEZs. Satellite telemetry effort in the WIO has not matched the global increase, with only 4.7% of global studies occurring in the region. Species in the WIO remained within the EEZ in which they were tagged in only three studies, while all other species demonstrated some level of transboundary movement. This study demonstrates the lack of spatial data available for informed regional management in an area where transboundary movements by marine megafauna are highly prevalent. Without more dedicated funding and research, the rich biodiversity of the WIO is at risk of overexploitation from the diverse threats present within the various political regions.
Self‐reported affective biases, but not all affective performance biases, are present in depression remission
Authors: Cerny Brian M. , Stange Jonathan P. , Kling Leah R. , Hamlat Elissa J. , O'Donnell Lisa A. , Deveney Christen , Langenecker Scott A.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Individuals with active major depressive disorder (MDD) have shown affective biases in cognitive flexibility and memory, particularly for negatively valenced stimuli. We evaluated whether impairments in affective flexibility would remain even during remission (rMDD), potentially representing trait‐ or scar‐like effects of illness. Method: Participants completed the Emotion Card Sort Test (ECST), a measure of cognitive flexibility containing emotionally valenced stimuli, and the Emotion Word Stimulus Test (EWST), a measure of affective biases in delayed recall and recognition memory, and several self‐report measures.

Results

Healthy controls (HCs; n = 35) and individuals with rMDD (n = 93) did not differ on performance for any of the three word types on the ECST or EWT. However, individuals with rMDD demonstrated greater negative bias on EWT recognition trials relative to HCs (d = .36). On self‐report measures, individuals with rMDD exhibited greater levels of neuroticism, problems with attentional control, pessimistic attributional style, and negative automatic thoughts compared to HCs.

Conclusions

These results provide initial evidence that some performance, but not self‐reported, indices of affective bias may improve during remission from MDD. Results of this study could suggest that some components of affective bias may represent state feature of illness and others trait‐like risk or scar features.

Practitioner points

This study suggests that self‐reported affective biases may persist in remission of major depressive disorder (rMDD).

Affective attentional biases and affective memory biases were not demonstrated in individuals with rMDD, with the exception of a bias for recognizing negatively versus neutrally valenced stimuli.

Cautions or limitations

A limitation of this study was its cross‐sectional design. Under ideal conditions, the same individuals would be studied in both the active and remitted phases of illness.

Another limitation of this study was the smaller number of healthy controls relative to individuals with rMDD.
How do pre‐existing normal faults influence rift geometry? A comparison of adjacent basins with contrasting underlying structure on the Lofoten Margin, Norway
Authors: Henstra Gijs Allard , Berg Kristensen Thomas , Rotevatn Atle , Gawthorpe Robert L.
Published: March 2019

Recent studies of natural, multiphase rifts suggest that the presence of pre‐existing faults may strongly influence fault growth during later rift phases. These findings compare well with predictions from recent scaled analogue experiments that simulate multiphase, non‐coaxial extension. However, in natural rifts we only get to see the final result of multiphase rifting. We therefore do not get the chance to compare the effects of the same rift phase with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity, as we may in the controlled environment of a laboratory experiment. Here, we present a case study from the Lofoten Margin that provides a unique opportunity to compare normal fault growth with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity. Using seismic reflection and wellbore data, we demonstrate that the Ribban Basin formed during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting. We also show that the rift fault network of the Ribban Basin lacks a pre‐existing (Permian‐Triassic) structural grain that underlies the neighbouring North Træna Basin that also formed during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Being able to compare adjacent basins with similar histories but contrasting underlying structure allows us to study how pre‐existing normal faults influence rift geometry. We demonstrate that in Lofoten, the absence of pre‐existing normal faults produced collinear fault zones. Conversely, where pre‐existing faults are present, normal fault zones develop strong “zigzag” plan‐view geometries.
Artificial intelligence and the future of endoscopy
Authors: Neumann Helmut , Bisschops Raf
Published: March 2019

This Editorial refers to the article by S.‐e. Kudo et al., p 363–371 and Y. Mori et al., p 378–388 of this issue.
Developmental profile at initial presentation in children with infantile spasms
Authors: Sumanasena Samanmali P , Wanigasinghe Jithangi , Arambepola Carukshi , Sri Ranganathan Shalini , Muhandiram Eindrini
Published: March 2019

Aim

To describe the baseline developmental profile and influence of clinical and demographic factors on the developmental skills of infants diagnosed with infantile spasms.

Method

Ninety‐five infants (55 males, 40 females) newly diagnosed with infantile spasms were recruited for a cross‐sectional, longitudinal study. All infants underwent Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development assessments in the cognitive, receptive communication, expressive communication, and fine and gross motor developmental domains; they also underwent visual, auditory, and social behaviour assessments. Infants were categorized as ‘early’ (<6mo) or ‘late’ (≥6mo) presenters; if presented within 28 days, this was considered as ‘early presentation’, whereas a delay greater than 28 days was considered as a ‘delay in presentation’. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors were identified.

Results

Over 90% of infants showed impairment in all domains, with the majority having severe delay; 99% showed cognitive impairment. Delayed presentation was significantly associated with receptive communication delay (odds ratio [OR]=5.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.05–27.32). Onset at 6 months or less influenced auditory (OR=2.8; 95% CI=1.16–6.8) and visual (OR=3.03; 95% CI=1.22–7.57) behaviours. Neonatal infections impacted both receptive (OR=1.12; 95% CI=1.04–1.2) and expressive communication (OR=1.08; 95% CI=1.02–1.14) delay. Neonatal seizures significantly influenced visual, auditory, and social impairments. Expressive communication and gross motor development shared common perinatal risk factors.

Interpretation

Adverse developmental status at presentation, associated with delayed presentation and neonatal risk factors should alert clinicians to the surveillance of at‐risk infants and seek out timely interventions.

What this paper adds

Ninety per cent of infants showed impaired cognitive, communication, and motor skills at presentation.

Visual, auditory, and social behaviour impairments were significantly associated with perinatal risks.

Visual, auditory, and social behaviour impairments were significantly associated with neonatal seizures.
Authoritarian responsiveness: Online consultation with “issue publics” in China
Authors: Kornreich Yoel
Published: March 2019

In recent years, public consultation has become a standard feature of policymaking in authoritarian regimes. While previous studies found evidence of government responsiveness to citizens' demands, they did not measure responsiveness in terms of real policy change. This article presents the first systematic analysis of Chinese central government policy responsiveness to consultative input. In 2008, the Chinese government unveiled a blueprint for health‐care reform, inviting the public to post their opinions online. Having collected 27,899 online comments, the government subsequently published a revised draft. This article analyzes a random sample of 2% of this corpus of comments, assessing the effect of comments on revisions while controlling for both media content and bureaucratic preferences. The findings demonstrate that public comments have an impact upon policy revisions and suggest that the Chinese government is more responsive to street‐level implementers than to other social groups.
Some Reflections on William Lane Craig’s Critique of Islam
Authors: Ali Zain
Published: March 2019

William Lane Craig has recently formulated a set of arguments that aim to undermine the rationality of Islamic theism. This paper will consider seven arguments that Craig deploys against Muslim belief. The seven arguments can be summarised as follows: (1) the Quran makes an egregious historical error by denying the crucifixion of Jesus; (2) the Quran contains legendary stories about Jesus; (3) the Quran is mistaken about the self‐understanding of Jesus; (4) the Quran misunderstands the Trinity; (5) the Islamic concept of God is morally deficient; (6) the Islamic concept of God is less plausible than a Trinitarian concept of God; and (7) the Muslim doctrine of salvation compromises God’s holiness and proves to be unattainable. I contend that Craig’s arguments, when examined closely, do not undermine the rationality of Islamic theism.
The impact of ultrasound and vacuum pack on quality properties of beef after modified atmosphere on display
Authors: Garcia‐Galicia Ivan Adrian , Huerta‐Jimenez Mariana , Morales‐Piñon Carolina , Diaz‐Almanza Sergio , Carrillo‐Lopez Luis Manuel , Reyes‐Villagrana Raul , Estepp Christopher , Alarcon‐Rojo Alma Delia
Published: March 2019

Beef steaks (L. lumborum and Semitendinosus) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) No‐ultrasonicated; 2) 16 W/cm2 or 3) 28 W/cm2 ultrasonicated in vacuum bags (VAC). Later, steaks were also randomly packed in either VAC or modified atmosphere (MAP, 25–75%, CO2‐O2). After simulated retail display (SRD, 3°C, 12 h light) for 6 d, High‐intensity Ultrasound (HIU) increased redness and saturation on VAC meat (p < 0.05) and produced an increase on L. lumborum (p < 0.05) but not on Semitendinosus (p > 0.05) shear force. High concentrations of O2 in MAP increased loss of redness (2.83 vs. 2.13 MAP vs. VAC, respectively) and saturation (2.64 vs. 1.99, respectively) during SRD. MAP also increased L. lumborum shear force (4.4 vs. 3.2 kgf, respectively p < 0.001) and lipid oxidation (p < 0.001). HIU may be consider as a strategy to improve beef color on VAC. Moreover, high O2 concentrations on MAP should be used with caution for beef, because of a possible negative impact on oxidative stability and tenderness.

Practical applications

High intensity ultrasound on bovine Longissimus lumborum and Semitendinosus appears to be a promising method among the recent techniques for improving color of vacuum packed beef without a negative effect on pH and water holding capacity when applied to fresh meat. Hence, ultrasonication may be considered as a strategy to positively influence the acceptance of vacuum packed beef by final consumers.
Frequency and Documentation of Medication Decisions on Discharge from the Hospital to Hospice Care
Authors: Kadoyama Kirsten L. , Noble Brie N. , Izumi Shigeko , Fromme Erik K. , Tjia Jennifer , McPherson Mary Lynn , Candrian Carey B. , McGregor Jessina C. , Ku In Young , Furuno Jon P.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES

To quantify the frequency and type of medication decisions on discharge from the hospital to hospice care.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

A 544‐bed academic tertiary care hospital in Portland, Oregon.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 348 adult patients (age ≥18 y) discharged to hospice care between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016.

MEASUREMENTS

Data were collected from an electronic repository of medical record data and a manual review of patients’ discharge summaries. Our outcomes of interest were the frequency and type of medication decisions documented in patients’ discharge summaries. Medication decisions were categorized as continuation, continuation but with changes in dose, route of administration, and/or frequency, discontinuation, and initiation of new medications. We also collected data on the frequency of patient/family in the participation of medication‐related decisions.

RESULTS

Patients were prescribed a mean of 7.1 medications (standard deviation [SD] = 4.8) on discharge to hospice care. The most prevalent medications prescribed on discharge were strong opioids (82.5%), anxiolytics/sedatives (62.9%), laxatives (57.5%), antiemetics (54.3%), and nonopioid analgesics (45.4%). However, only 67.8% (213/341) of patients who were prescribed an opioid on discharge to hospice care were also prescribed a laxative. Discharging providers made a mean of 15.0 decisions (SD = 7.2) per patient of which 28.5% were to continue medications without changes, 6.7% were to continue medications with changes, 30.3% were to initiate new medications, and 34.5% were to discontinue existing medications. Patients and/or family members were involved in medication decisions during 21.6% of discharges; patients were involved in 15.2% of decisions.

CONCLUSION

Patients averaged more than 15 medication decisions on discharge to hospice care. However, it was rarely documented that patients and/or their families participated in these decisions. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2019.
Detection and seed transmission of Bermudagrass phytoplasma in maize in Turkey
Authors: Çağlar Behçet Kemal , Satar Serdar , Bertaccini Assunta , Elbeaino Toufic
Published: March 2019

During 2017, maize cultivation areas in the provinces of Adana and Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) were surveyed to inspect maize plants with symptoms similar to those associated with of phytoplasma disease, that is, yellowing, short internodes and small corncobs. Thirty fields were inspected and two hundred samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected, together with insects considered as potential vectors of phytoplasmas. All samples were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing to identify the phytoplasmas detected in the plant material and insects. Results of laboratory assays and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Bermudagrass white leaf phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis') was present in both maize plants and seeds, showing 99% sequence identity with other reported phytoplasma strains from GenBank, whereas no PCR amplifications were obtained from tested insects. The seeds of infected plants, sown in an insect‐proof screenhouse, produced plantlets that were found PCR‐positive for the Bermudagrass white leaf phytoplasma, indicating its seed transmission.
Literacy teaching in disadvantaged South African schools
Authors: Chetty Rajendra
Published: March 2019

This article analyses the experiences of teachers of literacy working in underprivileged communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose is to provide teachers in poorly resourced schools within economically deprived areas an opportunity to voice their experiences of teaching literacy. The article is based on an empirical study using interviews and classroom observation with a sample of 10 teachers. A descriptive account of the observation data was followed by an interpretive analysis. The content analysis of the interview data led to the development of themes and patterns for the discussion. The study reveals the social complexity of literacy education in a post‐apartheid and multilingual society and focuses on teachers in Grade 4 classrooms, which is the grade when learners switch from mother tongue (mainly isiXhosa and Afrikaans) to English as language of instruction. Key factors for literacy underachievement include lack of resources, parental support, lack of teacher knowledge, changes in the curriculum, absence of cognitive activities and the social complexity of poverty. The article recommends that a new model of literacy that challenges inequality and provides strategic and sustained teacher support in disadvantaged schools is crucial in a society emerging from oppression and racism.
Exclusive breast‐feeding and postnatal changes in blood sodium, ketone, and glucose levels
Authors: Futatani Takeshi , Ina Shihomi , Shimao Ayako , Higashiyama Hiroyuki , Fujita Shuhei , Igarashi Noboru , Hatasaki Kiyoshi
Published: March 2019

Background

Blood sodium and ketone are parameters of dehydration and fasting, respectively. Little is known, however, about the postnatal changes in these parameters in healthy, term, exclusively breast‐fed neonates.

Methods

Capillary blood sodium, β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB), and glucose levels in 628 samples obtained from 392 healthy, term, exclusively breast‐fed neonates during the first 12–143 h of life were examined.

Results

Blood sodium and β‐OHB gradually increased and reached a peak at 48–59 h of life (mean blood sodium, 142.3 ± 2.8 mEq/L; mean blood sodium increase, 3.3 mEq/L; mean β‐OHB, 1.16 ± 0.46 mmol/L; mean β‐OHB increase, 0.65 mmol/L), and then gradually decreased and reached a nadir at 120–143 h of life. Blood glucose gradually decreased and reached a nadir at 48–59 h of life (mean, 62.4 ± 12.2 mg/dL; mean decrease, 4.7 mg/dL), and then gradually increased and peaked at 120–143 h of life. These changes were synchronized with changes in weight‐loss percentage.

Conclusions

The postnatal changes in blood sodium, ketone, and glucose levels during the first 12–143 h of life are described in healthy, term, exclusively breast‐fed neonates. The parameters seemed to be associated with the sufficiency of the breast‐milk supply. These results can serve as normal reference values for healthy, term, exclusively breast‐fed neonates during the early postnatal period.
Histopathological findings in the early diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour in bitches
Authors: Matos Ana Carina Heil da Silva , Leite Juliana da Silva , Consalter Angélica , de Mello Marcela Freire Vallim , de Lourdes Gonçalves Ferreira Maria , Fosenca Ana Beatriz Monteiro , Ferreira Ana Maria Reis
Published: March 2019

Contents

Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) is a majorly observed ovarian tumour in female dogs. It is essential to diagnose GCT in its initial phase before any symptoms occur, as histological and physiological differences may be observed based on the evolution of this neoplasia. This study aimed to analyse the anatomic histopathology of GCT in its initial stage, with findings of ovaries not yet with the suspicion of neoplasms in the Canis familiaris. A sample including 55 ovaries presented GCT in 40 female dogs. The histopathological analysis was performed considering the intensity of pleomorphism, vascularization and inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, we evaluated the mitoses count in 10 fields using 40× magnification. Out of the 40 animals evaluated, 62.5% (25/40) presented the tumour in only one ovary. The Call‐Exner corpuscle was present in 65% (26/40) of the cases. The follicular histological pattern was present in 52.5% (21/40) of the animals. The presence of the Call‐Exner bodies and the degree of tumour cell pleomorphism (p = 0.033) were associated. Moreover, the degree of vascularization and the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate were also related (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a positive relationship between the increase in pleomorphism and the mean age of the animals (p = 0.044). This study confirmed that the appearance of this tumour may precede any clinical symptomatology. In this study, the most frequent histopathological pattern was the follicular. The characteristics of the granulosa cell tumour diagnosed early were poorly pleomorphic cells, low mitotic index and presence of Call‐Exner body.
Flow Fragmentalism
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano , Iaquinto Samuele
Published: March 2019

In this article, we articulate a version of non‐standard A‐theory – which we callFlow Fragmentalism– in relation to its take on the issue of supervenience of truth on being. According to the Truth Supervenes on Being (TSB) Principle, the truth of past‐ and future‐tensed propositions supervenes, respectively, on past and future facts. Since the standard presentist denies the existence of past and future entities and facts concerning them that do not obtain in the present, she seems to lack the resources to accept both past and future‐tensed truths and the TSB Principle. Contrariwise, positions in the philosophy of time that accept an eternalist ontology (e.g., B‐theory, moving spotlight, and Fine's and Lipman's versions of fragmentalism) allow for a “direct” supervenience base for past‐ and future‐tensed truths. We argue that Flow Fragmentalism constitutes a middle ground, which retains most of the advantages of both views, and allows us to articulate a novel account of the passage of time.
Effects of BCl3 addition to Cl2 gas on etching characteristics of GaN at high temperature
Authors: Tanide Atsushi , Nakamura Shohei , Horikoshi Akira , Takatsuji Shigeru , Kohno Motohiro , Kinose Kazuo , Nadahara Soichi , Ishikawa Kenji , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: March 2019

Gallium nitride films were etched at 400 °C and 20 Pa with a radio-frequency-generated Cl2–BCl3 mixed plasma. While dog-legged profiles were obtained by plasma etching using pure Cl2, straight sidewall shapes were achieved through BCl3 gas addition into the Cl2 plasma by suppressing the plasma-induced damage on the etched surface. Etching by-products containing boron on the etched surface affected the etch rate. Smooth etched profiles were obtained by controlling the redeposition of by-products of boron and chlorine compounds, particularly for substrate temperatures above 230 °C.
Corporate Sponsorship in Campus Recreation
Authors: Scott David K. , Veltri Frank R. , Wallace Brad
Published: March 2019

This paper examines corporate sponsorship as an additional source of funding for college recreational facilities and programs. The purpose of the study was to: (a) examine current sources of funding for campus recreation, (b) estimate the percentage of institutions currently involved with corporate sponsorship in their campus recreation programs, (c) identify the types of businesses sponsoring campus recreation centers as well as what these companies receive in return for their sponsorship, and (d) identify the reasons various institutions give for their lack of involvement with sponsorship. Questionnaires were mailed to campus recreation directors at 140 randomly selected universities representing four regions of the United States. Results indicated that primary sources of funding for campus recreation programs currently include student fees (63.5 percent), private donations (23.5 percent), and state funding (13 percent). The use of corporate sponsorship to supplement funding was indicated by 46 percent of responding institutions. The most common types of businesses currently sponsoring campus recreation programs included athletic equipment/apparel, soft drink, insurance companies and restaurants. Slightly over half of the companies identified in the sponsorships were national chain corporations, while almost 40 percent were local businesses. In regard to what sponsoring companies received in exchange, results of the study indicated that use of company names in recreation center literature was most common. In addition, 20 percent of respondents reported that sponsoring corporations were given advertising space on the recreation center website. The two primary reasons given by campus recreation directors for lack of involvement with sponsorship were: (a) institutional policy prohibiting sponsorship involvement, and (b) uncertainty of how to pursue sponsorships.

There are several implications of the study for campus recreation directors. These include the following:

1. Corporate sponsorship represents a significant opportunity for obtaining additional funding for campus recreation.

2. Knowing the types of companies currently involved in campus recreation sponsorship provide a starting place for those recreation directors who are exploring sponsorship as a source of funding.

3. Recreation center directors should closely examine what sponsors are currently receiving, or will receive in exchange, so that the sponsorship is not perceived as purely philanthropic.
Student Learning and Growth Resulting from Service as an Intramural Official
Authors: Schuh John H.
Published: March 2019

Service as an intramural official is a common experience for many college students. This kind of experience is thought to contribute to the growth and development of college students since it involves them in a meaningful way in the life of the campus. Such involvement frequently is advocated in the literature as a means of providing for a more robust student experience, thereby improving persistence and retention for students as well as adding a richness to their experience. This study was undertaken to determine if service as an intramural official contributed to student growth and development. To date, research on this topic appears to be nonexistent.

A qualitative study involving four sites was undertaken to learn more about how intramural officials evaluated their experiences. The sites included Drake University, Grinnel College, Iowa State University and the University of Iowa. Student officials were interviewed at each site. A draft report was prepared, then reviewed by individuals who worked with the intramural programs at these institutions. After the reaction, a final report was prepared.

The students found their experiences to be very important in their growth and development. While typically they began their work as officials for economic reasons or to stay close to sports, they reported that they developed a variety of skills from this experience, including improving their communication skills, becoming more self-confident and self-reliant, working better as a member of a team, and understanding how to handle difficult situations more effectively. For some, they decided to pursue officiating after graduation from college, either on a part-time basis or, in a few cases, in professional sports.

While the results of qualitative studies generally are not transferable, the implications of this study for intramural supervisors are powerful. Experience as an intramural official, as famed by this study, can be used as a recruitment tool in the future since the experience appears to be so positive. This study also can be used to demonstrate how intramural sports programs contribute to the educational mission of the campus.
Assessment of Programs and Services
Authors: Miller Gary L. , Bullock Cheryl Davis , Clements Jesse A. , Basi Mindy Miron
Published: March 2019

Accountability in higher education is no longer something that is merely addressed with some cursory effort. Justifying the worth of your program is not just a requirement dictated by upper level administration, but rather it is a question of the long-term survival of your organization. This article explains the motivation for the University of Illinois (UIUC) Division of Campus Recreation (DCR) to conduct an organization-wide assessment of the programs of services offered to the students, faculty, and staff at the University.

The material explains the development of the three overriding questions the Division felt critical to maintaining a good marketing position with regard to both internal and external competitors. The three assessment methods used in this study were professional/student staff interviews, focus groups and a survey. The results of the data gathered are presented in ten figures. Four summary statements can be made concerning the results: (1) The DCR is considered to be a vital and important of the UIUC campus; (2) No group is clearly under-served by the DCR; (3) The overall image of the DCR is driven by the Intramural-Physical Education Building while other facilities are virtually unknown; and (4) The average user considers the time spent utilizing the DCR programs and services to be a positive force in both their work and academic production.
Customer Service for the New Millennium
Authors: Miller Robert D.
Published: March 2019

As members of a service-driven industry, recreational sports professional and student staff must be attuned to “going above and beyond” customer's needs, wants and expectations. Collectively, we need to identify our customers (both internal and external) and we need to identify what is required of us so that we can meet and exceed expectations.
Recreational Sports Trends for the 21st Century: Results of a Delphi Study
Authors: Young Sarah J. , Ross Craig M.
Published: March 2019

Every recreational sport administrator has the challenge to plan, guide and lead his or her organizations into the future. Yet, the future is mostly unknown. This article provides insight into what the future may hold for recreational sport practitioners in a campus setting, by sharing the results of an electronic Delphi study conducted to identify the key trends impacting the delivery of recreational sports programs up to the year 2015. Of the 31 trends that emerged from the study, the panel of experts believed that funding and budgets, legal aspects, and technology would have the greatest potential for impacting the delivery of campus recreational sports programs over the course of the next 15 years.
Constructing and Validating Competencies of Sport Managers (COSM) Instrument: A Model Development
Authors: Toh Kian Lam , Jamieson Lynn M.
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on constructing and validating a survey instrument to determine the sport management competencies and to develop a sport management competency model. The initial Competencies of Sport Managers (COSM) instrument was constructed by reviewing the related literature followed by the expert jury's validation. It was then pilot-tested on 223 sport managers, from which in 96 competency statements resulted. The final COSM was administered to 1,334 sport managers and the resultant 816 valid responses were randomly split into two equal halves. The first half of the data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and the scree test indicated a Six-Factor Model consisting of 31 competency statements. These six factors were named: (1) governance, (2) sport foundations, (3) budgeting, (4) risk management, (5) computer skills, and (6) communications. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the second half of the data and several goodness-of-fit indices indicated that the Six-Factor Model adequately fits the data set.
Technology's Impact on the Job-Search Process in Collegiate Recreational Sports
Authors: Lukow Jennifer , Ross Craig M.
Published: March 2019

Significant technological changes are occurring in society, in the recreational sports field and in the job-search process. This article examines the impact of technology in the job-search process and how one might strategically merge this new technology with the traditional job-search process. Six phases of the process are discussed from both the traditional and the electronic viewpoints.
Employee-Selection Practices and Public Relations
Authors: Boucher Robert L. , Morese Kevin , Chant Patricia L
Published: March 2019

The recruitment and selection of employees is an important human resource component of the management of intramural recreation departments across North America. While much is written about the mechanics of the hiring process, little attention has been paid to the public relations aspects of this activity. As Currie (1997) suggests, the employee-selection process has the potential to create favorable impressions of an organization on job applicants.

This article explores a number of activities that are usually part of hiring of new employees with a view to determining the negative or positive outcomes from a public relations standpoint. The “recruitment phase” of the process is extremely important when leaving applicants with a favorable impression of an organization. Keep in mind that numerous individuals who do not ultimately secure a position, are subject to forming impressions by being exposed to advertisements, job descriptions, Websites and various other forms of communication.

The second important phase of hiring that has potential for the creation of impressions is the “interview process.” While the interview is the most widely employed yet least understood, techniques used in the hiring process (Boucher, 1991), there is no question that indelible impressions are formed during this phase. Both employer and candidates for positions invariably “exchange impressions” during an interview to the extent that initial (and in some cases lasting) attitudes are formed. It is also apparent from the literature that “extra-viewing” techniques such as panel interviews, drug testing, and personality tests, often are viewed as demeaning by applicants.

The last, but certainly no less important, area of concern is the “post-selection” activities. Several authors cite a number of practices that treat unsuccessful candidates very disrespectfully. A more enlightened approach would be to treat unsuccessful candidates as potential hires in subsequent job searches. Even if these individuals never apply for positions in the future, the objective should be to have them treated with the utmost attention to human dignity. As such, countless individuals who apply for positions within organizations will form positive impressions of that organization consistent with comprehensive public relations policies.

The hiring process should be considered as just one of the efforts of creating, communicating, enhancing, and maintaining a corporate image that is critical to an organization's success (Brendsel, 1993).
Toward a Conceptual Framework for Sport Management Curriculum: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Jamieson Lynn M. , Toh Kian Lam
Published: March 2019

Traditional administrative locations for sport management program have been in recreation and park administration and physical education departments. The purpose of this study was to explore the conceptual framework around the development of sport management curricula. Content analysis process applied to 120 articles dealing with sport management curriculum and practice revealed two major schools of thought: one from a physical education/kinesiology perspective and the other from a recreation/leisure studies perspective. A data collection matrix posed a conceptual model that graphically described components of these schools. This model can be further tested and validated further to provide a framework for future curricular development.
The Importance of History for Recreational Sports
Authors: Milton Paul Rohe
Published: March 2019

Beginning with this issue, the NIRSA Historical Committee will be bringing you articles periodically that we feel have historical significance for the members of this organization. While this initial article covers the significance of the study of history, most will deal with an aspect of our association's/profession's growth or a current issue and the impact that history may have upon it. We hope that you will both enjoy and learn from these articles.

Historical Committee
A Novel Small Molecule, ZY354, Inhibits Dental Caries-Associated Oral Biofilms
Authors: Zhang Chenzi , Kuang Xinyi , Zhou Yuanzheng , Peng Xian , Guo Qiang , Yang Tao , Zhou Xuedong , Luo Youfu , Xu Xin
Published: March 2019

Biofilm control is a critical approach to the better management of dental caries. Antimicrobial small molecules have shown their potential in the disruption of oral biofilm and control of dental caries.
Clinical Data on Daptomycin plus Ceftaroline versus Standard of Care Monotherapy in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Geriak Matthew , Haddad Fadi , Rizvi Khulood , Rose Warren , Kullar Ravina , LaPlante Kerry , Yu Marie , Vasina Logan , Ouellette Krista , Zervos Marcus , Nizet Victor , Sakoulas George
Published: March 2019

Vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin (DAP) are approved as a monotherapy for methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) bacteremia. A regimen of daptomycin plus ceftaroline (DAP+CPT) has shown promise in published case series of MRSA salvage therapy, but no comparative data exist to compare up-front DAP+CPT head-to-head therapy versus standard monotherapy as an initial treatment.
AtrR Is an Essential Determinant of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Paul Sanjoy , Stamnes Mark , Thomas Grace Heredge , Liu Hong , Hagiwara Daisuke , Gomi Katsuya , Filler Scott G. , Moye-Rowley W. Scott
Published: March 2019

Aspergillus fumigatus
is the major filamentous fungal pathogen in humans. Infections associated with
A. fumigatus
are often treated with azole drugs, but resistance to these antifungal agents is increasing. Mortality from aspergillosis associated with azole-resistant fungi is extremely high. Previous work has identified transcriptional control of the azole drug target-encoding gene
cyp51A
as an important contributor to resistance in
A. fumigatus
. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor AtrR binds to a region in the
cyp51A
promoter that is associated with alleles of this gene conferring clinically important azole resistance. Using high-throughput genomic technologies, we also uncover a large suite of target genes controlled by AtrR. These data indicate that AtrR coordinately regulates many different processes involved in drug resistance, metabolism, and virulence. Our new understanding of AtrR function provides important new insight into the pathogenesis of
A. fumigatus
.
The Polar Organizing Protein PopZ Is Fundamental for Proper Cell Division and Segregation of Cellular Content in
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
Authors: Pfeiffer Daniel , Toro-Nahuelpan Mauricio , Bramkamp Marc , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Schüler Dirk
Published: March 2019

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) share the unique capability of magnetic navigation, one of the most complex behavioral responses found in prokaryotes, by means of magnetosomes, which act as an internal compass. Due to formation of these unique nanoparticles, MTB have emerged as a model to study prokaryotic organelle formation and cytoskeletal organization in conjunction with complex motility systems. Despite the high degree of subcellular organization required in MTB, less is known about cell-cycle-related factors or proteins responsible for spatiotemporal polarity control. Here, we investigate the function of the polar organizer PopZ in the magnetotactic alphaproteobacterium
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
. Although PopZ is widely distributed among the alphaproteobacteria, its function in MTB belonging to this class has remained unexplored. Our results suggest that in
M. gryphiswaldense
, PopZ has a key role during cell division and subcellular organization. Furthermore, we show that PopZ localization and function differ from other nonmagnetotactic alphaproteobacterial model organisms.
Novel Intersubunit Interaction Critical for HIV-1 Core Assembly Defines a Potentially Targetable Inhibitor Binding Pocket
Authors: Craveur Pierrick , Gres Anna T. , Kirby Karen A. , Liu Dandan , Hammond John A. , Deng Yisong , Forli Stefano , Goodsell David S. , Williamson James R. , Sarafianos Stefan G. , Olson Arthur J.
Published: March 2019

Precise assembly and disassembly of the HIV-1 capsid core are key to the success of viral replication. The forces that govern capsid core formation and dissociation involve intricate interactions between pentamers and hexamers formed by HIV-1 CA. We identified one particular interaction between E28 of one CA and K30′ of the adjacent CA that appears more frequently in pentamers than in hexamers and that is important for capsid assembly. Targeting the corresponding site could lead to the development of antivirals which disrupt this interaction and affect capsid assembly.
A More Robust Gut Microbiota in Calorie-Restricted Mice Is Associated with Attenuated Intestinal Injury Caused by the Chemotherapy Drug Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Liu Tao , Wu Yanqiu , Wang Linghua , Pang Xiaoyan , Zhao Liping , Yuan Huijuan , Zhang Chenhong
Published: March 2019

Improving the gut microbiota via calorie restriction is beneficial for human health. Our findings showed differential responses between calorie-restricted mice and
ad libitum
-fed mice. Compared with the
ad libitum
-fed mice, the calorie-restricted mice were less susceptible to cyclophosphamide side effects otherwise observed on the gut integrity and its microbiota. These results show the potential benefits of manipulating the gut microbiota with CR prior to cancer chemotherapy.
Distinct sulfur saturation histories within the Palaeogene Magilligan Sill, Northern Ireland: implications for Ni – Cu – platinum group element mineralisation in the North Atlantic Igneous Province
Authors: Lindsay Jordan J. , Hughes Hannah S.R. , Smyth Dermot , McDonald Iain , Boyce Adrian J. , Andersen Jens C.Ø.
Published: March 2019

The ∼60 m thick Magilligan Sill is part of the British Palaeogene Igneous Province in the North Atlantic. The sill comprises layers of dolerite and olivine gabbro, and it intrudes a thick sequence of Mesozoic mudstones and marls, which are locally baked at the sill margins. Since 2014, the sill has been an exploration target for orthomagmatic Ni – Cu – platinum group element (PGE) sulfide mineralisation analogous to the Noril’sk-Talnakh intrusion in Russia. We present new petrological, geochemical, and S isotope data to assess the prospectivity of the sill and the underlying magmatic plumbing system. Most sulfides in the dolerite portions of the sill are <50 μm in size and comprise only pyrite with PGE abundances below the detection limit. In the olivine gabbros, >150 μm size pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite grains contain <4 ppm total PGE, 1460 ppm Co, and 88 ppm Ag. Pyrite from the dolerites have δ34S ranging from −10.0‰ to +3.4‰ and olivine gabbro sulfides range from −2.5‰ to −1.1‰, suggesting widespread crustal contamination. The S/Se ratios of sulfides in the dolerites and olivine gabbros range from 3500 to 19 500 and from 1970 to 3710, respectively, indicating that the latter may have come from upstream in the magma plumbing system. The Magilligan Sill records multiple injections of mafic magma into an inflating sill package, each with distinct mechanisms towards S saturation. Whilst the sulfide minerals in the sill do not constitute significant mineralisation themselves, detailed in situ studies highlight a divergence in S saturation histories and suggest that a larger volume of olivine gabbro sulfides at depth may be prospective.
Calculation and analysis of meshing efficiency of composite motion of the curve-face gear pair
Authors: Lin Chao , Liu Wensi , Xing Qingkun , Xia Xiguang , Tang Pei
Published: March 2019

The curve-face gear is a new type of composite motion mechanism. The calculation of meshing efficiency of composite motion is proposed in this paper. According to the gear meshing principle, the force state of the curve-face gear pair and the motion law of the composite motion are revealed. The theoretical method of the transmission efficiency of the curve-face gear composite motion is established, and the formula for calculating the transmission efficiency of compound motion of the curve-face gear pair is obtained. Using the control variable method, the factors affecting the meshing efficiency of the curve-face gear pair are discussed. A comprehensive experimental platform is designed. The relevant experiments are carried out. The experimental data under different conditions are obtained. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical data to verify the related inference. Finally, the related measures to increase the transmission efficiency of the curve-face gear composite motion are proposed.
Influence of Ge-doping on the structural and magnetic properties of Nd 6Fe13Pd1−xGex compounds
Authors: Yuan J. F. , Wu X. F. , Du Y. S. , Cheng G. , Ma L. , Wang J. , Xia Z. C. , Rao G. H.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we report the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ge-doped [Formula: see text] (x = 0.1, 0.2) compounds. Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction shows that all the investigated samples are single phase and crystallize in a tetragonal [Formula: see text]-type structure with the space group [Formula: see text]/mcm. The magnetic properties of the intermetallic [Formula: see text] compounds have been investigated by the physical property measurement system (PPMS). The magnetic transition temperatures [Formula: see text] from the ferromagnetic (FM) to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) states are determined to be 123 and 111 K for x = 0.1, 0.2, respectively, which shifted to lower temperatures compared with the [Formula: see text] compound. For a field change of 5 T, the peak values of [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] compounds are estimated to be 3.73 and [Formula: see text] with the corresponding refrigeration capability (RC) values of 271.7 and [Formula: see text], respectively.
Traffic systems recovery from complete congestion by the targeted dropping of packets
Authors: Wu Gan-Hua , Yang Hui-Jie
Published: March 2019

Relieving complete congestion in a traffic system is an important problem. We propose a strategy to realize this, in which the packets on nodes shared by many shortest paths are dropped preferentially. A simple scale-free network is chosen to demonstrate the importance of the degree heterogeneity to the congestion problem, though this network structure cannot mimic a real traffic network. Two traffic models are simulated: in one of which, all the nodes are identical, and in the other, the delivering capacity and storing ability for each node are both proportional to its degree. Both models can give a phase transition between free-flow and congested states, while the latter model has significant strong transportation performance (a larger critical value of the packet generation rate). The strategy of preferentially dropping packets on nodes shared by many shortest paths, as proposed in this paper, can realize remarkably better transportation performance measured by the fraction of congested nodes and the average arrival rate compared with the random packet dropping strategy in the literature.