bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Inclusiveness Degree of State Civil Apparatus and Bureaucracy on Mayor and Deputy Mayor Elections in Palu City 2015
Authors: Patta Abdul Kadir , Basir Muhammad , Darwis Darwis , Rivai Abdul
Published: June 2023

This research is based on the condition of the phenomena of the state civil apparatus and the bureaucracy in the election of the mayor and deputy mayor of Palu which is marked by the political events that occur. Simultaneous regional head elections in the province of Central Sulawesi. The theory used is the participation theory from Michael Rush and Philips Althoff and the bureaucratic theory from Max Weber. The aims to analyze how the participation of the community participates in the implementation of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor Elections in 2015. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Informants were obtained in a purposive way with the criteria of state civil servants, bureaucracy, totaling 7 informants. The results showed that the degree of political inclusivity of state apparatus in the 2015 mayoral and deputy mayoral elections was as follows: state apparatus in the election of the mayor and deputy mayor of Palu were in a neutral position, However, there are several realities where there are emotional and work relationships that are always under pressure, either directly or indirectly, making it difficult to make political decisions individually and have to be involved in the state apparatus situation itself. The Palu city government bureaucracy, which is inclusive in political decision-making, is marked by intrigue from the mayor and deputy mayor officials because based on the law, they hold power over the SKPD, which should be held by the city secretary.
Analysis of Prescribing Patterns and Adverse Drugs Reactions in Diabetic Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital, Lucknow
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, Shadab Usmani Humaira , Khan Dr. Mohd. Muazzam ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, ahmad , Dr. Usama ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, Aagrahari vikas ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, ali wajid ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, ali zakir ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, amjal Mr. Mohd ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India, shams Abu Raihan ,   Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026 India
Published: June 2023

To study the prescribing pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months at the inpatient and outpatient departments of the hospital. A total of 100 patients with diabetes were included in our study. Demographic characteristics were recorded and 100 prescriptions were analyzed. ADRs were reported and analyzed. Results: Among the 100 patients, 58 were male and 42 were female. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years. Biguanides (38%) and sulphonylureas (31%) were the most commonly prescribed anti-diabetic drugs. A total of 8 ADRs were reported, including hypoglycemia, gastric irritation, and abdominal discomfort. Metformin had the highest number of ADRs among the oral hypoglycemic drugs. Conclusion: The study showed that the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in the hospital was in line with the essential medicine list. ADRs were reported, with hypoglycemia being the most common ADR observed. Continuous monitoring and reporting of ADRs is necessary for the safe and effective use of anti-diabetic drugs.
PERCEIVED PERVASIVE DISCRIMINATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG A NIGERIA ETHNIC SAMPLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA
Authors:   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Adedeji J. Ogunleye , Olubukola Ajayi ,   Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere, Ekiti, Olurotimi. J. Ogunlade ,   Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere, Ekiti, Oluyinka A. Ojedokun ,   Adekunle-Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

In recent times, there has been calls for restructuring of the Nigeria nation by people of diverse ethnic origins, especially the Igbos and the Yorubas in Southern Nigeria. Such calls have resulted in varying activities that may have caused Nigeria and Beninese governments to arrest Mazi Nnamdi Kanu (Igbo) and Chief Sunday Adeyemo (Yoruba) security agencies respectively. Until now, the Igbos, Yorubas, and Hausa/Fulanis (constituting the major ethnic groups in Nigeria) have lived together in peace. It is generally assumed that the calls for regional independence that now pervades the polity must have been ignited by perceived lopsidedness in authoritative resource allocation; among others. This study therefore set out to find out whether perceived discrimination could be a factor for the call for restructuring among ethnic Nigerians. A survey research was conducted with 197 (101 males and 96 females with a mean age of 34.02 years) residents of Akinmorin community in Oyo State, Nigeria, using a questionnaire that comprise of the Everyday discrimination scale and Psychological well-being scale. Results of analyses of data revealed that perceived pervasive discrimination does not influence psychological well-being among research participants. However, it was found out that both purpose in life and positive relations with others are significantly influenced by perceived pervasive discrimination among research participants. Findings were discussed in line with available literature and recommendations were made.
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA'S SELECTED EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors:   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria, Abiola Idowu , Agboola Olugbenga Solomon ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The continued depletion of environmental resources in a bid to meet up with human needs coupled with the desire of every business entity to remain profitable has aroused the need to explore the right mix to balance the desire of all stakeholders. This study thus examined the effect of environmental cost on financial performance in the extractive industry in Nigeria. 18 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange were sampled for the study and secondary data from their annual financial reports for a period of 11 years (2010-2020) was collected and analyzed using panel regression estimation model. Findings from the result (R2 = 0.476728: F-statistic < 0.01) indicates that cost of Environmental variables like Environmental Remediation Cost, Administrative Cost has a positive effect on Financial performance, Business location Cost has a negative and highly significant effect on financial performance while Research and Development Cost and Social Cost has no effect on financial performance of selected sampled extractive industry in Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that Business location Cost exert negative and highly significant effect on financial performance while Research and Development Cost and Social Cost has no significant effect on financial performance of selected sampled extractive industry in Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that extractive industry in Nigeria should be objective in their financial expenses so as to improve on their performance possibilities.
Evaluating the Waterlogging Tolerance of Faba Bean Genotypes at Different Growth Stages under Field Conditions
Authors: Mollaali Ebrahim , Dadashi Mohammad Reza , Sheikh Fatemeh , Ajamnorozi Hossein , Feyzbakhsh Mohammad Taqi
Published: June 2023

Waterlogging stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in Mediterranean conditions such as north of Iran. The tolerance of faba bean to waterlogging may vary between genotypes. This study investigated the effects of 10 days of waterlogging on grain yield for 21 faba bean genotypes at two stages (flowering and pod-filling stages) during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 under farm conditions. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used at three field sites (normal and waterlogging sites). Nine indices of endurance were calculated in normal and waterlogging conditions. The results indicated that waterlogging stress reduced the faba bean grain yield. Also, the negative waterlogging effect at flowering stage is more than pod-filling stage. Correlation coefficients and principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), and stress tolerance index (STI) indices could be effectively used for screening of waterlogging stress tolerant genotypes. Waterlogging was caused to decrease significantly grain yield in all genotypes. According to results of three-dimensional graphs the genotypes G21, G18, G15, G6 and G2 with an average yield 4806, 4815, 4789, 4686 and 4681 kg.ha-1 , respectively, were selected as waterlogging stress tolerance and suitable grain yield under non-stress and waterlogging stress (waterlogging stress in flowering and pod-filling stages) conditions. Therefore, these genotypes can be used as source of genes in faba bean breeding programs to obtain tolerant cultivars and cultivation in the areas under waterlogging stress.
The Evolution of Alfalfa, as Important Crop in Organic Farming System in Romania
Authors: Brumă Ioan Sebastian , Toader Maria , Popescu Gabriel , Petcu Victor , Georgescu Emil
Published: June 2023

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is considered to be one of the oldest and most important fodder plants. Its current importance in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen with the help of bacteria (Rhizobium meliloti), as well as a cover plant by sequestering carbon, its melliferous value and adaptation to different climate and soil conditions, confirm the importance of this plant in the organic farming system. As a result, in this context, the aim of this work is to highlight the cultivation of alfalfa in an organic farming system in the north-eastern area of Romania, in period 2019-2021, with particular reference to the evolution of the organic surfaces, the framework cultivation technology, as well as some variants of efficient utilization of production. Thus, the organic (certified I, II and organic) alfalfa has had an upward evolution in recent years, being cultivated on 14149,84 ha in 2017 and reaching 25612,86 ha in 2019. Also, in organic farm from North-east development region of Romania, the average production of alfalfa for dray hay was 4.8 t/ha and price of selling was 144,63 €/t, respectively, the average seeds production was 0.5 t/ha with 206,62 €/t.
The Impact of the Sowing Time on Peanuts Yield`s Components in Marginal Sandy Soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania
Authors: Dima Milica , Paraschivu Mirela , Partal Elena , Diaconu Aurelia , Drăghici Reta , Titirica Irina
Published: June 2023

Marginal sandy soils are frequently characterized by low fertility, low organic matter, moderate to high acidity and low cationic exchange capacity, limiting the options of smallholding farmers for various crops. To investigate the impact of the sowing time on grain yield, yield components, protein and oil content of peanuts cultivated in marginal sandy soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania, a bifactorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2015-2017 at the Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni. The first factor was sowing time (the 25th April as early sowing and the 5th May as late sowing) and the second factor was peanut cultivar (Dăbuleni, Viorica, Viviana). According to the results of the experiment the sowing time had significant impact on the pods number per plant, the production of pods and the grain oil content. Analyzing the interaction between the sowing time and the cultivar there were significant differences only in the pod number per plant in 2015 and the production of pods in 2016. In all peanut’s genotypes studied, early sowing led to higher yields of pods compared to late sowing, probably due to the shortening of the vegetation period of the crop by late sowing on the 5th May, which led also to less dry matter and lower oil content accumulated in peanut grains. Therefore, the results suggested that early sowing time is the most recommended for peanuts growth and quality yield in sandy marginal areas.
The Impact of Conservative Soil Maintenance Practices in Vineyards on Soil Microbial Diversity and on the Biodiversity of Useful and Harmful Entomofauna
Authors: Șerdinescu Adrian , Ion Marian , Fîciu Lidia , Brȋnduşe Elena
Published: June 2023

In the context of actual climatic changes, which led to an increase of soil hydric stress, new agrotechnical solutions were experimented to ensure a moisture preservation in soil and the conservation of soil microbial activity. These included the use of mulching systems and the cover crops, in order to replace the use of the classical black furrow system. In this respect, the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the use of soil mulching systems and of the cover crops in vineyards on the microbial biodiversity of the soil and on the biodiversity of the useful and harmful entomofauna, in comparison with the classical maintenance system, represented by black furrow. The researches were performed during two particularly dry years in two experimental plots located in Valea Cǎlugǎrescǎ viticultural center. In one of them were experimented, as soil maintenance systems, the total straw mulching and the partial mulching (interval between rows) with marc compost, in the other the artificial grassing of the interval between rows with ornamental clover Nano and with honey plants represented by Melilotus officinalis. The experimental data have shown the positive effect of mulching systems on soil microbial activity, highlighted by an increase of soil microbial load and of its diversity (represented by bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa), especially in case of mulching with marc compost (15.94 million microorganisms/g of soil, as compared with 5.9 million in case of black furrow system). Also, the ratio between fungi and bacteria was higher in case of partial mulching, this aspect being a favorable factor for soil biological activity. The use of cover crops indicated a positive effect in the increasing of useful entomofauna, belonging to the orders Ortoptera, Coleoptera and Arahnidae (especially in case of the artificial grassing).
Various Soil Quality Parameters and Humus Content Evolution in Conventional and Minimum Tillage Systems
Authors: Burtan Lavinia , Coronado Manuel , Sîrbu Carmen , Ciornei Laurențiu , Todirică Ioana Claudia , Străteanu Amalia Gianina , Popa Mihaela
Published: June 2023

An experiment was laid out on a Haplic Phaeozem (PH ha) (WRB-SR 2014) characterized by a dark colored mollic A horizon (Am), a cambic B horizon (Bv), and an accumulation calcareous illuviation horizon (Cca) of secondary calcium carbonates which occurs deeper than 125 cm (SRTS, 2012). Clay content in the first 40 cm varies between 39.4 and 42.6%, total nitrogen is 0.186%, available phosphorus soluble in the ammonium acetate lactate solution (PAL) 76 mg/kg, available potassium soluble in the same solution (KAL) 250 mg/kg, and soil reaction (pH) 6.3. The land is slightly uneven, groundwater below 5 m depth. The humus content was average in the beginning of the experimentations after which increases were noticed especially in the upper layer (5-10 cm). Soil humus content evolution following different agricultural technologies use was similar at all three studied depths, with increases in the case of minimum tillage system, but without statistically significant differences as compared to the classic one. Therefore, the various agricultural technological systems must assert the conservation and increase of soil organic matter, respectively the soil humus supply, through their technological chain links.
النوازل وأثرها على حكم التبني في الفقه الإسلامي: دراســة فقهيــة
Authors: العجوري سامي
Published: June 2023

جاء هذا البحث الموسوم بعنوان: "النوازل وأثرها على حكم التبني في الفقه الإسلامي ـــــ دراسة فقهية" في مبحثين وخاتمة؛ بهدف دراسة حالة من حالات فقه النوازل المعاصرة، أصلها واقعة خاصة حدثت في زماننا المعاصر، واشتمل المبحث الأول -بعد التعريف المبسط للنوازل- على بيان أهمية الاجتهاد في النوازل وحاجة المجتمع إليها، وضوابط الاجتهاد فيها، وكيفيته. ثم جاء المبحث الثاني ليبين أثر النوازل المعاصرة على حكم التبني في الفقه الإسلامي. وأظهرت نتائج البحث في خاتمته أن حكم التبني في الشريعة الإسلامية باقٍ على أصله بالحرمة، وأن ما تحدثه النوازل لا يعدو كونها توجد ضرورة تبيح المحظور، مع ضرورة الأخذ بعين الاعتبار لجملة من الضوابط التي يجب مراعاتها.
الجمال في القرآن الكريم في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية وتطبيقاته الفقهية
Authors: أبو السعود سوزان , النــداف ماهـــر
Published: June 2023

يهدف البحث إلى إعادة بوصلة الأجيال إلى القرآن الكريم، وفهمه والعمل به، وحفظ الفطرة سوية سليمة وأن ترى العقول والقلوب الأمور بنور القرآن، وتزن بميزانه، خاصة في ظل تشويه المصطلحات والقيم الذي نعيش به في هذا العصر، من خلال التعريف بالجمال، وإبراز بعض مظاهره في القرآن الكريم، واستنتاج معايير القرآن الكريم له ووظائفه، وصولًا إلى علاقته بمقاصد الشريعة، وبيان أنه مقصد من مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، وتخريج بعض الفروع الفقهية عليه، وخلص البحث إلى عدة نتائج، من أهمها: أن الجمال يكون في الماديات والمعنويات، الظاهر والباطن، الخَلق والخُلق، ويقدم المعنوي على المادي حال التعارض، بما يتوافق مع الدين والعقل والفطرة والوجدان.
حكم تبرع المرأة بمالها الخاص دون إذن زوجها: دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الأردني
Authors: ربابعة بسما
Published: June 2023

يستعرض هذا البحث موضوعاً في غاية الأهمية ألا وهو تبرع المرأة بمالها دون إذن زوجها، وهي دراسة فقهية قانونية، سعت لإظهار أحكام هذا الموضوع، ولأجل تحقيق هدف الدراسة اتبعت الباحثة المنهج الاستنباطي، والمنهج التحليلي من أجل تجلية مفردات البحث، والخروج برؤية شرعية عن موضوع الدراسة، وقد بيّن البحث أن للمرأة البالغة العاقلة الراشدة ذمة مالية مستقلة، وأن لها حرية التصرف بمالها في عقود التبرعات المالية دون اعتبار إذن الزوج في ذلك، حتى وإن زاد المال عن الثلث، وقد جاءت نصوص القانون الأردني مؤيدة لهذا الأمر.
Spiritual Guidance for Patients According to Ibn- Qayyem Al-Jawziyyah: An Analytical Study of the Prophetic Medicine Book
Authors: Rawabdeh Maessa , Abbas Sana
Published: June 2023

Spiritual guidance has recently received much attention at the level of medical research and scientific studies and has been used much at the level of applied and realistic treatments in hospitals and medical centers. This kind of therapy was not strange to Islamic medicine, but it was a cornerstone and a prominent feature in medicine. Ibn Al-Qayem made significant contributions related to spiritual guidance as he shed light in his book The Prophetic Medicine on spiritual recovery and its elements, and he set rules and guidelines for spiritual therapy. His writings on spiritual guidance and its sources played a significant role in understanding spiritual guidance. This research paper aims to introduce an integrated formulation of spiritual guidance based on Ibn Al-Qayem’s book The Prophetic Medicine.
Arguments of the Critics of Texts of Some Ahadith of Al_Sahihayin and their Discussion
Authors: AL-qudah Sharaf
Published: June 2023

There have been many writings in our time criticizing the ahadith al-Sahihayn, which are the two soundest books of the Prophetic hadith. Most of these criticisms focus on the criticism of the text. Arguments of those who weaken the ahadith are many, and some writings discuss such criticisms; however, they focus on Sanad (i.e., chains of hadith narrators), where many of them discuss the criticism of a particular hadith. To the best of my knowledge, I have not come across either a book or a research paper concerned with gathering and discussing all arguments of the critics of the text. Thus, what are the arguments in question? What are the scientific bases to be applied to their discussions? How can each of these arguments be refuted? This research aims to answer such questions by adopting the extrapolation, analysis, and criticism approaches, where I extrapolate the critics arguments, understand them, and then discuss them. I found the critics of the text using eighteen arguments, the most important of which are violating legal texts, reason, empirical science, reality, or that the hadith is borrowed from Israelites, the people of the book. In this research, I present the scientific principles for discussing such arguments wherever necessary, discussed each argument theoretically, and discussed an example for each argument. I have reached twelve conclusions, the most important of which is that the critics’ arguments result from a shortcoming in gathering the narrations, incorrect understanding of the legal texts, or the rational or scientific issue, or that some arguments have no evidence.
The Provisions of the Option of the Condition in Jurisprudence and its Impact on Dealers
Authors: Freijat Somayya
Published: June 2023

This research aims to clarify the choice of condition provisions in order to show the extent of using those jurisprudential provisions acheived the commercial dealers satisfaction. The researcher used inductive approach, and jurisprudential comparative approach between jurists' doctrines. This research gives an imprtant result that the condition of choice is the most important condition between dealer, because it acheives the complete satisfaction sharia has recommended  in commercial dealings in order to gain blessing in commerce, and unfortunately, by looking at dealing between people nowadays, the researcher notice that this condition is not common, which means jurists should study provosions of choice condition and focus on such condition in commercial dealings.
Estimation of Zakat Proceeds for Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Melhim Maysaa , Momani Sondus
Published: June 2023

The study aims to estimate the Zakat proceeds for Jordanian Islamic banks in 2019 and determine the elements to be included in the zakat base for Islamic banks, the methods for calculation, and the bases that must be taken into account when calculating the net working capital, in terms of the method and value by which the assets in the bank are valued. The study concluded with a set of results, most notably that the most appropriate method for determining the zakat base in Islamic banks is the net asset method. The study also found that the total proceeds of the zakat in Jordanian Islamic banks amounted to approximately 9.3 million JDs. The study recommended the necessity of Jordanian Islamic banks' commitment to disclose the method and amount of Zakat calculation, find an oversight body responsible for the payment of Zakat, and provide instructions to shareholders and investment account holders to calculate their Zakat. The study also suggests imposing a law requiring zakat to be applied to all banks in Jordan, including Islamic banks.
Mask Use Detection in Public Places Using the Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Yoga Wibowo Mochamad , Hikmayanti Hanny , Fitri Nur Masruriyah Anis , Novalia Elfina , Heryana Nono
Published: June 2023

With the corona virus which has become a world pandemic. Currently doing activities in public places, the use of masks is very necessary, the reason this mask needs to be considered because masks play an important role in preventing the virus from entering the body. Coupled with the continued increase in the spread of the coronavirus, of course, masks are very important to use. Various technologies are designed to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19 which has spread to various countries including Indonesia. Based on the problems described, this study aims to detect objects in images that use masks and do not use masks. This research consists of three stages: data collection, training, and testing of a model. The model here is helpful for mask detection to detect and classify faces with masks and without masks. Next, the model will be tested for its accuracy. The accuracy obtained was 99% tested using a webcam in real time. The algorithm used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with preprocessing techniques.
Prediction Model for Covid-19 Cases in Indonesia Using Linear Regression and Polynomial Regression Methods
Authors: Rakhman Amid , Cahyana Yana , Rahmat  , Tukino  , Wahyu Iriananda Syahroni
Published: June 2023

The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) a pandemic. Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, namely Sars-CoV-2, which affects the respiratory system. Until now, positive confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia are still occurring every day. This study aims to predict the addition of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. The data is sourced from the public API page covid19.go.id in the form of an additional number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia by 122 lines of data. Predictions are made using linear regression and polynomial regression methods as comparisons. Evaluation of the linear regression method obtains a value of R2 = 0.57, while the polynomial regression method obtains a value of R2 = 0.84. Based on these evaluations, the polynomial regression method yields better results than the linear regression method. The prediction of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia from January to March 2022 using the polynomial regression methods predicts that the addition of Covid-19 cases will rise again.
Front Matter
Authors: Front Matter
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGSA Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolume 10 | August 2019 | ISSN 2071–1107
Editorial Note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGSA Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolume 10 | August 2019 | ISSN 2071–1107
Restriction, Resistance, and Humility:
Authors: Chowdhury1 Rowshan Jahan
Published: June 2023

Anglo-American and French feminists focus on women’s equality, women’s experience as writers, and feminine writing. Proponents of black feminism, by contrast, position black women in fundamentally different ways from white women and offer the concept of intersectionality which calls for including women of all races in feminist concerns. Adopting this feminist approach, my paper uses a retrospective analytical methodology and aims at establishing a connection between two women poets of early America: Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatley. Anne Bradstreet writes about her experience of being a wife and mother, and overall makes statements about the patriarchal confinement imposed on women in her society in The Tenth Muse (1650). She had to succumb to the patriarchal Puritan society by writing poems secretly. Yet, she defies the “carping tongues” with her “mean pen.” Phillis Wheatley, an enslaved poet, published Poems on Various Subjects (1773) where she, like Bradstreet, wrote with a devotional homage to Christianity, but her poems also criticize those who “view [her] sable race with scornful eye.” Though superior to most whites in her intellectual and literary accomplishments, Wheatley is clearly never their social equal and remains enslaved. Wheatley and Bradstreet, being brought to a new world from their land of origin, encounter a complex “phallocentric” world. They oscillate between the two places and struggle to survive amidst the tripartite challenge of womanhood, motherhood, and patriarchal gender norms. The recent feminist discussions in academia mostly ignore how these two female poets fight intellectual battles and resist the patriarchal tradition, breaking the imposed silence and thus, gaining agency. Using feminist and gender theory, I examine their experiences as women and present a comparative analysis of the approaches that Bradstreet, as a white woman of the Puritan society, and Wheatley, as a black woman of the age of enlightenment, employ to assert their existence through writing.
Using Students’ Answer Scripts in Developing Writing Skills at Tertiary Level:
Authors: Dipa Sahelee Parveen
Published: June 2023

It is not unusual for the English Language teachers, especially in Bangladesh to come across students of different levels (advanced, intermediate, and beginner) in a class that makes it harder to plan any unique method to be applied for all of them at a time, especially in the case of teaching writing. A unique method in teaching writing is also unsuitable because there is a risk of having some demotivated students. Consequently, the task becomes challenging for the teacher as the outcome of students’ achievement is inadequate. While expertise in English calls for developing four skills – reading, writing, listening, and speaking – in Bangladesh, there is hardly any noticeable or effective method being used developing those skills. Most importantly, little attention is paid to the implementation of effective teaching strategies to develop writing skills. This paper attempts to discuss and explore the potential of reusing students’ written scripts in teaching writing. Students will engage with samples of earlier writing to identify and correct the grammatical and spelling mistakes, rearrange the ideas, and then reproduce it, thereby improving their writing skills. Students’ written scripts, which are often disposed of after being checked, can be reproduced for the students to teach writing by allowing them to encounter different varieties of English language styles and common errors.
The Law of Diminishing Returns:
Authors: O'Brien Sean
Published: June 2023

The essay examines the representation of precarity in the BBC two series, The Fall (2013-), starring Gillian Anderson as detective superitendent Stella Gibson and Jamie Dornan as serial killer as Paul Spector. In the series, institutions of social reproduction are reaveled to be sclerotic, examplified not only in the austerity policies of fiscally insolvent national governments but also in the family and the couple, social forms integral to a system of crises management that depends upon feminized reproductive work. Here, precarity emerges as a double bind: a reproductive crisis that would seem to demand a doubling down, a renewed investment in the very systems of accumulation and control that underwright its proliferation. This essay argues that the representation of such contradictory logic should not be mistaken for some failure of the imagination, but should instead be recognized as an expression of a crisis in the reproduction of the capitalist class relation as it is mediated accross the social field.
The Writing Process and Formative Assessment
Authors: Sowell Jimalee
Published: June 2023

The writing process has been an integral part of writing pedagogy for many years. However, both students and instructors in some contexts might be resistant to writing through the process approach because it is unfamiliar and seems laborious and time-consuming. Teachers in contexts with large classes might be especially resistant to teaching writing as a process. However, the writing process can be carried out in any context though some adaptation might be needed, depending on the context. Many researchers and instructors have written about the writing process, and many have written about formative assessment. However, these two constructs have generally been considered separately when they actually work in tandem. The purpose of this paper is to explain the process approach to writing pedagogy and how it can be implemented along with ideas and techniques for using formative assessment. The paper starts with an explanation of the product approach and the process approach. Then it explains each stage of the writing process and how it can be carried out in the composition classroom along with formative assessments that can be used at each stage in the writing process.
Editorial Note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 12 | September 2021 | ISSN 2071–1107
Rape, Bodily Presence, and “Still Activism”
Authors: Chowdhury Rowshan Jahan
Published: June 2023

The vulnerability of Indigenous women has been portrayed in Native American novels such as Three Day Road (2005) by Joseph Boyden, The Round House (2012) by Louise Erdrich, and There There (2018) by Tommy Orange. These three novels are similar in their portrayal of Native women who are raped, traumatized, and yet survive. Boyden’s Niska, Erdrich’s Geraldine, and Orange’s Jacquie go through sexual assault and rape either by non-Native white men or by Native men. None of them exhibit the types of concrete resistance we as readers might expect. Rather the victims seem to remain visibly indifferent to their physical assault and surrender their agency. However, despite having gone through such traumatic experiences, they do not stop living, neither do they let their bodies break down. Building on Kelly Klein’s “still activism” theory as a mode of protest, Judith Butler’s concept of how the body speaks politically, and Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of passive resistance, this essay examines these three characters’ apparent non-resistance to their assaulters and establish their silence, survival, and continuity as strong resistance to the sexual, mental, and historical violences that they have experienced.
Entanglements and Assemblages of English
Authors: Pennycook Alastair
Published: June 2023

This paper takes up the concepts of entanglements and assemblages of English as a way to understand the multiple ways in which English is connected to, and part of, social, cultural, political, and material worlds. This way of thinking is more useful than approaches to English that focus primarily on the language in isolation (even if pluralized or diversified) or alternatively look at English as a mere reflection of already-defined relations of political economy. A backstreet sign for an English school in the Philippines, for example, suggests an assemblage of tangled wires, cheap English, desire, neoliberal goals, English frenzy, domestic workers, call centers, social stratifications, and unequal resources. Implications for looking at English in Bangladesh along similar lines will also be discussed. Developing the ideas of assemblages and entanglements, this paper argues that new approaches to materiality and the interconnectedness of things can take us forward in a search for alternative ways of thinking about the distribution of unequal linguistic resources. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibilities of disentangling English.
Some Thoughts on Afghanistan
Authors: Chambers Claire
Published: June 2023

I spent a life-changing year in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 1990s, a visit that formed my intellectual perspective and inspired my career trajectory. Thus, I have long been fascinated by other people – especially women – who have spent time amid other cultures, and then experienced mixed feelings on returning to their native countries. Lately I have been reading the work of two adventurous women journalists, a generation apart from each other: British Yvonne Ridley (born in County Durham in 1958) and Dutch Bette Dam (b. Leeuwarden, 1979)
Space within the Space:
Authors: Das Shantanu
Published: June 2023

In Manto’s stories about prostitutes, set in Mumbai (then Bombay), the city is presented with a kaleidoscopic projection of space. In the story, “Ten Rupees,” the volumetric space of the city, conventionally dominated by the male characters – Kishori, Kifayat, Anwar, and Shahab, is overshadowed by the abstract space created in it by the female protagonist – Sarita. Sarita, a fifteen-year-old prostitute, is presented in the story as an Object (the Other in the Subject-Other dichotomy) of men’s desire. However, she switches to the Subject position in her interactions with her customers Kifayat, Anwar, and Shahab in a car ride, and, as a matter of fact, she creates a gynocentric space of her own in the phallocentric space inside the car. In a theoretical framework drawn from both Simone de Beauvoir’s notion of the Subject-Other dichotomy, and from the prominent ideas of space in the twentieth century architectural discourses, this paper, with a qualitative method, shows how Manto portrays the character of Sarita as the Subject rather than an Object within the spaces she inhabits.
Enslaved Ecopoetics:
Authors: Roy Shaibal Dev
Published: June 2023

Scholars, such as Kimberly Ruffin and Katherine Lynes, reconsider American environmental poetry that excludes African American ecopoetic traditions of the antebellum period. According to Ruffin, in order to reconstruct and enhance our sense of ecopoetry, we must reevaluate the black tradition of nature poetry, exemplifying the contemporary approaches to slavery in the USA and elsewhere. Likewise, Lyne’s “reclamation ecopoetics” attends to the history of dangers, despite centuries of methodical and organized exploitation, that human groups bring to the black human subjects as well as to non-human nature. Building on this scholarship, I focus on the nature poems of George Moses Horton (1797- 1883), the life-long enslaved poet, that highlight the inseparable unity of nature and humans. Horton’s poetry deployed nature to prove both the humanity and the intellectuality of the enslaved. My study traces a history of American enslaved ecopoetics that requires us to think of the enslaved human subjects as individuals whose nature poetry hinges on the dangers of subjection and exploitation of chattel slavery. My essay resituates Horton, the black bard of North Carolina, in the nineteenth-century American paradigm, analyzing his poetry and his racial subjugation from an ecocritical perspective.
Impacts of an Exchange Program on In-Service English Language Teachers
Authors: Sowell Jimalee
Published: June 2023

Studies involving pre-service English language teachers have shown positive effects of exchange programs. However, to date, no research has focused on the impact of teach-abroad exchange programs involving in-service English language teachers. This study investigated the impacts of an exchange program on in-service English language teachers. Twenty exchange program alumni completed a survey focused on the impact of the exchange, and five of those twenty participated in follow-up interviews. Most of the participants reported developing professionally and personally as a result of participating in the exchange program. In terms of professional development, many participants reported having developed a deeper awareness of their teaching practices, and many indicated increased flexibility and adaptability in their teaching practices. The overall impacts included a deeper sense of cultural awareness and an expanded worldview. The results suggest that participation in an exchange program can be a useful form of professional development for in-service English language teachers.
Nation-Making at Barney Kiernan’s
Authors: Ahmed K. Anis
Published: June 2023

James Joyce, the ultimate modernist writer, has been read for too long as a rather apolitical, and certainly non-nationalistic, writer. This kind of reading was particularly attractive to New Critics, and other modernist interpreters, who emphasized the self-referential world of the narrative, or even clusters of texts, and also linguistic pyro-technics, over any mundane engagements with the political world surrounding either the time of authorship or of the diegetic period itself. Despite the long and dominant tradition of such “literary” readings of Joyce, and arguably his most celebrated work Ulysses, a novel so complex could of course never be utterly free from politicized readings. From Marxists to Feminists, generations of authors have found elements both to hail and to denounce this work. One of the most recent in this long line of unanticipated readings is the post-colonial one, represented by the likes of Cheng, Duffy and Nolan. What a post-colonial reading should accomplish is itself of course a still much debated and unresolved matter. Certainly, reducing all texts to the status of a either linguistic handmaiden or resistor to empire is no longer the only or primary options in this school of criticism. Rather, the idea is to find complexity where it was overlooked, and to find signs of either complicity or resistance where it was unseen. In this case, the Cyclops chapter has long been read as a straight-up caricature of the Irish nationalist, and Joyce’s own post-national, if not anti-national stance. While Joyce was thoroughly a cosmopolitan both in life and in literary sensibility is quite beyond argument, but is cosmopolitanism necessarily opposed to nationalism, especially when it coincides with justice or the desire thereof? Is the Cyclops only a bigot? Is a degree of truth inadmissible because the figure of the witness so objectionable? Is the Citizen’s boorishness meant to undermine the merit of any kernel of truth in his prejudiced speech? Or, is it meant to show the universal abjection of subaltern truth? Forever unsupported by all apparatus of State – the courts, history, etc. – always lacking in dignity, where is it supposed to rear its unsuspecting head, if not in the pages of the most subversive of mainstream or canonized texts? This essay tries to locate the subaltern in a most unlikely site – the ultimate modernity novel, Joyce’s Ulysses.
Front matter
Authors: Front matter
Published: June 2023

Crossings: ULAB Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolume 2, Number 1, Fall2009
Tagore and Nazrul
Authors: Islam Rafiqul
Published: June 2023

That Nazrul’s familiarity with Tagore and his oeuvre took place when he (Nazrul) was in the Karachi garrison, or perhaps when he was at school, is evident from some of his short stories and novels written in Karachi and published in different literary magazines in Kolkata. This happened before Nazrul began his journalistic/literary career…
The Longing for Freedom and the Reality of Bonding in the Plays of Tagore
Authors: Chowdhury Serajul Islam
Published: June 2023

The life of a play is its conflict which is abundantly present in the drama of Tagore. It exists primarily in the desire for freedom and the reality of bonding, for example, in the difference between Achalayatan and Muktodhra. ln both plays the bonding exists along with a strong yearning for release. In the end the longing for freedom.
Lives Gone Astray:
Authors: Sifat-E-Rabbani
Published: June 2023

This article aims to highlight the depiction of the negative effects of unfavorable family situations on literary characters. The vastness of the topic compels me to concentrate on the portrayal of some characters from American plays written in the first half of the 20’h century. The discussion will, therefore, focus on three American dramatists who have very skillfully drawn the lives of some of their characters who are thrown off balance because of the disturbances in their families. These dramatists are Eugene O’Neill, Arthur Miller, and Edward Albee. Each of them has presented characters suffering from different psychological problems, the causes of which were rooted in almost the same types of problems, that is, their dysfunctional families.
The Pakistan Movement and the Bangla Poetry of the Islamic Trend:
Authors: Khan M. Rakibul Hasan
Published: June 2023

The Pakistan Movement was a political movement that took place during the dying stage of the British colonial rule and demanded for a separate homeland for the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. Some of the Bengali Muslim poets saw this Movement as a great opportunity to overcome the servitude of colonization. They thought a separate homeland for the Muslims would enable them to establish an ideal state based on Islamic nationalism. Moreover, the prospect of developing a distinct literary tradition for the Muslims also motivated them to support the Movement. This is why they regarded it their holyduty to uphold the ideologies of the Pakistan Movement in their poetry. This effort had become so pervasive that it led to the emergence of a distinct poetic trend in Bangla literature, that is, the Islamic trend. The poets of this trend, in the process of disseminating the ideologies of the Movement, showed strong resistance against the oppressive colonial rule by expressing tremendous concern for freedom in their poetry. Butthey emphasized Islamic nationalism and culture so much that, sometimes, they could not avoid being communal in their attitude. And all these issues are very significant from a postcolonial perspective. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to examine the poetry of this trend in the historical context of the Pakistan Movement and British colonization to addressits postcolonial significance by focusing on its themes of resistance, independence, culture, nationalism, and communalism.
Can cricket be an agent of change, and break barriers?
Authors: Abedin Manzoorul
Published: June 2023

One thing is certain. Beyond a Boundary is neither a ghost-written celebrity Obiography, nor a cash-in publication following the economic rise of the postcolonials in cricket, particularly the Indian subcontinent. A stark contrast to the lassitude and superficiality of the contemporary sports writing-often a compliant servant of the profit mongers, C.L.R. James’ (1901-1989) Beyond a Boundary explores the place of cricket in the Caribbean and England, arguing that what happened inside the “boundary line” in cricket affected and was a reflection of life beyond it. The new edition of C.L.R. James’ 1963 book came out recently to celebrate fifty years since its first publication, and fittingly at a time when cricket has become a multi-million dollar industry with far-reaching social and economic ramifications seemingly as never before: corruptions are abound, books cooked, matches fixed, performances enhanced and much more. James has not talked about all these issues, but points out, carefully and provocatively, how the sport mirrors the complex nature of the society and the time in which it lives. During the course of the book’s 260 odd pages, he has combined his incisive sociological analysis and fervent passion for cricket, which in his words, “neither cricket reminiscences nor autobiography.”
Trauma, Resistance, Survival:
Authors: Kamal Munasir
Published: June 2023

Violence is pervasive in Linda Hogan’s first novel, Mean Sprit (1990). The Native American characters in the novel are traumatized by historical processes of injustice imposed upon them, such as uprooting from land, relocation, religious and cultural conversion, separation of children from parents, murder, and so on. Nola, a representative indigenous character, develops negative coping strategies—eventually killing her white husband as a consequence of her generalized anxiety disorder and phobia of white people. Hogan’s second novel Solar Storms (1995) is considered significant for its representation of the journey from trauma to healing. Though the protagonist, Angel, is severely traumatized at the beginning of the novel, she experiences healing on returning to her indigenous community and participating with her people in a movement to protect their land and rivers. In this paper, I point to the connection between environmental injustice and trauma, and the reverse correlation of restoration of justice and healing. I further reveal that despite the widespread trauma depicted in Mean Spirit, it is in this novel that Hogan introduces her model of healing—a pattern replicated in her later work. This model comprises reconnecting with ancestors and ancestral practices, and participation in grassroots movements to ensure environmental justice.