bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Informative Power of all Possible Linear Functionals and the Mean-Square Error in the Diccretization of Solutions of the Diriclet Problem for the Laplace Equation in the Circle
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Berikkhanova M.Y. , Sherniyazov K.Y. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: May 2021

The Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in the case of a circle belongs to the classical ones and in various aspects has been the subject of study in various fields of mathematics. Among them are such topics as - "Boundary properties of analytic functions", in the study of which powerful methods of function theories were created and honed, - The Banach problem on the existence of a basis for a class of functions consisting of continuous in a closed circle and analytic in, - Numerical methods, since this problem as a mathematical model describes many real processes. In this article, we consider the discretization problem of solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in a circle from finite numerical information obtained from the boundary function as a result of applying all possible linear functionals. The optimal order of discretization error is found and the corresponding optimal operator of discretization is constructed. The problem of constructing probabilistic measures on functional classes is also considered. Probabilistic measures on the Korobov 𝐸𝑟 (0, 2𝜋) and Nikolsky 𝐻𝑟 2 (0, 2𝜋) classes are introduced. Two-sided estimates of the mean-square error of discretization the solution of the problem by operator (𝑇𝑁 𝑓) (𝛼, 𝜃) are established.
Stabilization of combustion of kerosene-air mixture by hydrogen injection
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Levin V.A. , Afonina N.E. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gromov V.G. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Manuilovich I.S. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Markov V.V. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,   V.A. Steklov Mathematical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2021

On aircrafts at high flight speeds, the ramjet engine (ramjet) is of greatest interest at present, the efficiency of which can be increased by using the thermochemical fuel conversion (TFC) technology. Some aspects of the operation of such an engine can be simulated numerically. In this work, a theoretical and experimental study of the processes in the combustion chamber is carried out, and a method is proposed for stabilizing the combustion of a keroseneair mixture by injecting molecular hydrogen into a direct-flow combustion chamber. An experimental setup created at TsAGI was used, on which the influence of the hydrogen temperature, the location and size of the mass supply area on the combustion process was studied. For a theoretical study, the corresponding numerical technology was applied based on the Navier-Stokes equations using the Spal-rt-Allmares turbulence model, implemented in a complex of computer programs developed at the Research Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University. Numerical modeling solved two problems. The first concerned the conditions for the ignition of molecular hydrogen supplied to the flow-type igniter, and the second - the conditions for the stabilization of the combustion of a kerosene-air mixture by a hydrogen flame. Based on the results of calculations, it was found that the ignition process is facilitated by an increase in the temperature of hydrogen and the power of its injection. The position and size of the hydrogen source is less influential. In the course of a comprehensive study by the method of a full-scale and computational experiment, the characteristic features of the flow structure in the channel, including the formation of a detonation wave, were revealed, and the possibility of controlling combustion by hydrogen injection was shown.
History of Contemporary Cultural Psychiatry in Iran
Authors:   Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Seddigh Ruohollah , Azarnik Somayeh ,   Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in psychiatry that has received much attention today. During the last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects of cultural psychiatry from the field of epidemiology to the cultural conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries to refer to the history of contemporary cultural psychiatry and the efforts have been made in this field by Iranian psychiatrists between 1936 and 2019. It seems that the introduction of these efforts as educational resources to residents and students can help to further explain and develop this area and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. However, there are still shortcomings in documenting, compiling, and integrating these services, which require special attention from researchers in this field.
A Comparative Study on Emotional Regulation in Males With Internet Addiction, Food Addiction, Opioid Dependence and Normal Peers
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Babaei Shirzad , Asgharnejad Farid Ali Asghar ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Fathali Lavasani Fahimeh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Birashk Behrooz ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component in the pathology of different types of addiction and its evaluation can be helpful in understanding and treating these difficulties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate emotional regulation in people with opioid dependence (heroin and opium), food addiction, and internet addiction compared to normal people. Methods: This is a causal- comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible male addicts selected using a purposive sampling method and divided into four groups of 30 including drug addiction, food addiction, internet addiction, and control. Semi-structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, Yale Food Addiction Scale, and Young’s Internet Addiction Test were used to diagnose the addictions. Then the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was completed. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Overall DERS score and the score of its subscales were higher in all three addiction groups compared to the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the three addiction groups in subscales of “unwillingness to accept certain emotional responses” and “difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior”, but a significant difference between the three addiction groups was observed in subscales of “difficulty controlling impulse”, “lack of emotional awareness”, “lack of access to strategies”, “lack of emotional clarity”, and overall DERS score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Men with opioid dependence, internet addiction and food addiction have more difficulties in emotional regulation compared to their normal peers. Emotional regulation ability in men with internet addiction is greater than in those with food and opioid addictions.
Adaptive Coping Strategies in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Phenomenological Study
Authors:   Department of Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Shamshiri Mahmood , Eskandar Oghli Behzad ,   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Paramedical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Vafaee Maryam ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Paramedical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Molaei Behnam ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Paramedical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of disability worlwide. Perception of coping strategies is important in these patients. This study aims to investigate the coping strategies in patients with SCI. Methods: This is a hermeneutic phenomenological study using van Mann’s approach. participants werre 15 adults (4 females, 11 males) with SCI living in Ardail, Iran who were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were recoreded and then transcribed and finally analyzed by using the thematic analysis approach proposed by van Mann. Results: The lived experiences related to coping strategies in patients were summarized in six main themes including acceptence of the incurability, desire for being independent, praying for divine help, patience & persuasion, time as a coping factor, and marriage. Conclusion: Patients with SCI use their own strategies to cope with their disability. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians and psychiatrists to strengthen their coping strategies to help them better adapt to their injury
Assessment of Aphasia in Iranian Patients Suffering from Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors:   Department of Gerontology, School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Zarei Mahsa , Nilipour Reza ,   Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare And Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shati Mohsen ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shakeri Shohreh ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Rasoole Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arezoomandan Reza ,   Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Amirzadeh Kimia ,   Faculty of Dental, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Hajiakhoundi Fahimeh ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes. Methods: The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups. Results: Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact. Conclusion: It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.
Effect of Psychodrama on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Primary School Students Living in Earthquake-stricken Areas
Authors:   Department of Educational Sciences, School of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran., Hamidi Farideh , Sobhani Tabar Shoaib ,   Department of Educational Sciences, School of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in primary school students living in earthquake-stricken areas. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design using a control group. The study population consists of all male primary school students diagnosed with PTSD living in Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the PTSD criteria, and were then divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). Research instruments were a diagnostic interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria and the PTSD Checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Psychodrama reduced the symptoms of PTSD in children with an effect size of 0.51 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Psychodrama is an effective method for reducing the PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological problems. For the generalization of its results, further studies are recommended.
Relationship of Perceived Social Support With Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Women Participating in National Breast Cancer Early Detection Program
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Mohaghegh Pegah , Roozbahani Nasrin ,   Department of Health, School of Health, Arak University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran., Vakilian Katayon ,   Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Radpour Manoochehr ,   Vice chancellor for Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Due to the importance of social support and healthy lifestyle, this study aims to evaluate the relationship of perceived social support with health-promoting lifestyle in women who participated in national breast cancer early detection program. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 women participating in breast cancer early detection program in Arak, Iran were selected from 16 health centers using a convenience sampling method. Two questionnaires of Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) were completed on behalf of them. To describe the variables, mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used. The Pearson correlation test was used for examining the correlation between study variables. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS v. 23 software. Results: The mean±SD age of women was 33.78±11.30 years. There was a significant correlation between perceived social support and health-promoting lifestyle (r=0.42). Regarding HPLP dimensions, perceived social support had the highest and lowest correlation with spiritual growth (r=0.46) and physical activity (0.26) dimensions, respectively. Regarding the PSS dimensions, health-promoting lifestyle had the highest and lowest correlation with family support (r=0.40) and the support from friends (r=0.30), respectively. Conclusion: There is a direct and significant relationship between perceived social support and health-promoting lifestyle in women. Therefore, by increasing their social support, it is possible to promote their healthy lifestyle.
4D Motives of Anshun Bus Crash
Authors:   College of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Gansu, China., Ahmed Zahir , Ahmed Oli ,   Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh., Jobe Mary C. ,   Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., United States of America.
Published: May 2021

N/A
Relationship of Temperament and Character Traits, Emotional Regulation and Perceived Parenting With Self-harming Behaviors in Adolescents
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Karimi Sirwan , Pirmoradi Mohammadreza ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ashouri Ahmad ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aghebati Asma ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The current study aims to provide a structural modeling of self-harm behaviors in adolescents based on their temperament and character traits, emotion regulation strategies, and perceived parenting. Methods: This is a descriptive/correlational study. The study population consists of all high school students (1-3th grade) during 2017-2018 in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 159 with a mean age of 15±0.75 years were selected by using a cluster sampling technique. they were assessed by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Deliberate Self-Harming Inventory (DSHI). For data analysis, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were conducted in LISREL v. 8.8 and SPSS v. 20 applications. Results: Novelty seeking dimension of TCI and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a direct and positive relationship with self-harming behavior. Although harm avoidance dimension of TCI and authoritarian parenting had no direct effect on self-harming behaviors, they became effective after mediation by maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and novelty seeking together were able to predict 22% of the variance in self- harming behavior Conclusion: Novelty seeking personality trait and authoritarian parenting can affect and predict self-harming behaviors of the adolescents.Sirwan Karimi
The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship of Early Maladaptive Schemas With Spouse Abuse
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Zade-Mohammadi Ali , Kordestanchi Aslani Hamid ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship of early maladaptive schemas with spouse abuse. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 324 married adults (226 females, 98 males) living in Tehran, Iran in 2017 were selected using a convenience sampling technique. They completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2), the Young Scale Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in AMOS software. Results: The results of SEM showed a direct significant path from early maladaptive schemas to cognitive emotional regulation, and from cognitive emotional regulation to spouse abuse. There were also significant indirect paths from the first, second, and third domains of early maladaptive schemas to spouse abuse mediated by negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a path coefficients of 0.13, 0.16, and 0.13, respectively. The final structural model was a good-fitting model (X2/dF=1.595, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.045, Comparative Fit Index =0.953). Conclusion: The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spouse abuse is not linear; it is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.
Thoracic Spinal Schwannoma Simulating Lumbar Sciatica-like pain: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rastegar Khodakaram , Ghandhari Hasan ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ameri Ebrahim ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mokarami Farzam ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

A 45-year-old man presented to our facility with predominantly Sciatica-like leg pain and lower extremity motor weakness, who did not get relief despite undergoing two consecutive lumbar surgeries for suspected lumbar disc herniation. Medical history, physical findings, and a magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed thoracic cord tumor as the underlying disease. Our patient had complete resolution of his back and leg pain following surgical resection of the thoracic Schwannoma. Thoracic cord compression often results in diffuse pain and myelopathic symptoms caused by the irritation of ascending spinothalamic tract, which causes a vague and burning pain that should be differentiated from nerve root lesions and can be the first presentation of a thoracic cord lesion.
Evaluation of the Outcome of Different Surgical Techniques in the Treatment of Distal Femur Intra-articular Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors:   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bagherifard Abolfazl , Majdi Shoeib ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Motaghi Paniz ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Heidarikhoo Mohamad Reza ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khayyami Katya ,   Department of Radiology, Hazrat Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sattari Shahab Aldin ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadpour Mehdi ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: A preferred surgical approach to distal femur intra-articular fractures is still controversial. Objectives: In the current study, we assessed the outcome and complications of three different surgical techniques, including screw fixation, Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing (RIN), and Locking Compression Plate (LCP). Methods: A total of 63 patients with distal femur intra-articular fractures were included in this retrospective study. AO/OTA fracture and dislocation classification was used to categorize patients. Type B fractures were treated with screw fixation and type C fractures were treated using LCP and RIN. Outcome measures, including the knee range of motion (ROM) and pain level, were Results: The mean±SD age of patients was 36.7±15.7 years. The fracture types B and C were detected in 22 (32.4%) and 46 (67.6%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.2±15.9 months. Mild knee pain was the only complication of screw fixation that was observed in 21% of patients. LCP was associated with some complications, including pain (19.4%), infection (9.7%), limited ROM (47.4%), malunion (47.4%), and nonunion (6.5%). RIN was also associated with several complications, including pain (44.4%), infection (11.1%), limited ROM (33.3%), and malunion (41.2%). A comparison of the outcome in matched fracture types of LCP and RIN groups revealed no superiority of each technique. Conclusion: Screw fixation alone results in a satisfactory outcome in the treatment of type B distal femur intra-articular fractures. LCP and RIN are associated with a variety of complications with no superiority over each other.
The Effect of Aspirin and Enoxaparin on the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Ankle Sprain and Cast Immobilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Razavipour Mehran , Ghaffari Salman ,   Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Mohebi Mehdi ,   Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Amjadi Shayan ,   Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: The incidence of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and its prophylaxis in patients with an ankle injury and cast immobilization are controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of aspirin and enoxaparin on VTE prevention in patients with an ankle sprain and cast immobilization. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 eligible patients were divided into three groups: patients who did not receive the drugs (the control group), patients who received aspirin (325 mg/d) for 3 weeks (the ASA group), and patients who received enoxaparin (40 mg/d subcutaneously) for 3 weeks (the enoxaparin group). After 3 weeks, the plaster was opened, and the D-dimer level was measured if there was a VTE symptom during the study. Otherwise, at the end of the study, the bilateral lower-limb Complete Compression Ultrasonography (CCUS) and color Doppler ultrasound were used to image the lower limb venous system. Results: Sixty-eight patients completed the study. The mean±SD values of D-dimer in the control, ASA, and enoxaparin groups were 0.33 (0.47) μg/dL (Median=0.18 μg/dL), 0.32 (0.14) μg/dL (Median=0.3 μg/dL) and 0.32 (0.25) μg/dL (Median=0.21 μg/dL), respectively (P>0.05). The positive D-dimer was seen in 2 patients (8%) of the control group, 2 patients (8.3%) of the ASA group, and 2 patients (10.5%) of the enoxaparin group (P>0.05). The color Doppler ultrasound was negative in all patients. Conclusion: Because none of the 68 patients in the current study developed VTE during our 30 days follow-up period, it seems that prophylaxis treatment is unnecessary in patients with an ankle sprain and cast immobilization. Further studies on more patients with a longer period of follow-up are recommended.
Effect of Novel Spring Damper and Posterior Leaf Spring Ankle Foot Orthosis on the Vertical Component of Ground Reaction Forces During Walking in Patients With Drop Foot
Authors:   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pourhosaingholi Ensieh , Saeedi Hassan ,   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kamali Mohammad ,   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are often prescribed in patients with drop foot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the novel designed storing-restoring hybrid passive AFO versus Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS) AFO on the peak and timing of vertical component of ground reaction force (vGRF) in patients with drop foot. Objectives: the effect of novel designed storing-restoring hybrid passive AFO versus posterior leaf spring AFO on the peak and timing of Vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) in drop foot patients. Methods: Ten adults with drop foot (7 males and 3 females) were included in this study. Then, these patients walked at a self-selected speed with two AFOs. For each trial, the vGRF components were obtained using a Kistler force plate. Results: the Independent t-test results showed a significant increase in the impact force in spring damper AFO than PLS (p<0.001). Significant differences were also found in the first and third peaks of vertical force and time of occurrence as well as the first minimum force and time of occurrence in spring damper than PLS AFO (p<0.001). Conclusion: the novel AFO affects not only the impact force and peak of vGRF but also the timing of these forces. These changes indicate an improvement in the overall performance of the novel AFO.
Investigating the Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Chemical Burns
Authors:   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran., Masoumi Ladan , Daneshmand Seyed Ehsan ,   Orthopaedic Residency Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Roshanzamir Sharareh ,   Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: With the growing number and variety of chemical agents used in industry and for home purposes, chemical burns and their consequences have drawn physicians’ attention. Involvement of the nervous system that is a major consequence of systemic chemical exposure can be problematic in local chemical burns, as well. This study was designed to evaluate the peripheral nervous system in chemical burn victims. Objectives: Investigating the peripheral neuropathy prevalence in patients with chemical burn in a Burn Hospital, Shiraz. performing electrodiagnostic (EDX) study for all patients both on tibial and median nerve based on the reference data and in order to rule out polyneuropathy. Examining Motor nerve conduction velocities using standard procedures with concentric needle electrodes among all samples. Defining Peripheral neuropathies scored as mono- or polyneuropathy compared with the number of involved nerves. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 59 patients with chemical burns were recruited from those referring to Shiraz Central Burn Hospital. The patients underwent a nerve conducting study besides electromyography in order to evaluate the tibial and median nerves after filling the informed consent. Also, a questionnaire covering the demographic data, the chemical agent responsible for the burn, and some other relevant information was given to each patient. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy and distance was calculated with a 95% incidence. Results: Twenty-three patients (38.9%) had peripheral neuropathy, of whom 19 cases (32.2%) had mono-neuropathy and 4 cases (6.78%) had poly-neuropathy. Axonotmesis was frequently found in patients with mono-neuropathy. The most frequent chemical agent responsible for burn was acid (56.4%). Hands were the most common site of burn (n=22 35.4%). We also evaluated the mean of total body burned surface area as 2.24±1.03% (1-9%). Conclusion: Based on our results, peripheral neuropathy has a high prevalence in localized chemical burns.
The Biomechanical Basis for Rupture of Extensor Mechanism of Knee Joints at Different Sites
Authors:   Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India., Reddy Nallamilli Somasekhar , Reddy Rajyalakshmi Nallamili ,   Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India., Reddy Martha Naveen Chandar ,   Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India.
Published: May 2021

Rupture of the extensor mechanism of knee joints is rare in patients without any systemic disease. Many reports have described tendons getting ruptured at various sites of the extensor mechanism. We report a case of patellar tendon avulsion from the tibial tuberosity on the right side and quadriceps tendon avulsion from the patella on the left side sustained in one accident. A 54 years old man presented with the above non-identical bilateral extensor mechanism rupture who had no pre-existing systematic diseases and was not on any steroid treatment. Tendon ruptures were always related to systemic degenerative/inflammatory conditions or usage of steroids. However, the reason for the rupture of different parts of the extensor mechanism after minor trauma in case of tendinopathy or after a significant trauma in a normal patient is not well explained. We believe that the degree of knee flexion at the time of injury plays an important role in the site of rupture of the extensor mechanism.
Radiologic Assessment for Evaluating the Post-operative Reduction of Syndesmosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors:   Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Yeganeh Ali , Moghtadaei Mehdi ,   Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Otoukesh Babak ,   Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Soleymani Mohammad ,   Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mahdavi Seyed Mani ,   Department of Orhtopaedic Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Amiri Shayan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Assessing the reduction of syndesmosis is highly recommended due to the complications occurring after the malreduction of the syndesmosis. This study evaluated the post-operative Computed Tomography (CT) scans and standard plain radiographs for assessing the reduction of syndesmosis post-operatively. Objectives: Evaluating the radiologic assessments of post-operative reduction of syndesmosis. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 45 patients presented with ankle fractures and syndesmosis failure to the emergency department of our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated by post-operative CT scans and plain radiographs. Results: Diastasis was demonstrated in 18 patients (40%) in plain radiographs, in 4 patients (8%) by tibial clear space, in 5 patients (11%) by medial clear space, in 10 patients (22%) by AP tibiofibular overlap, and in patients 8 (17%) by mortise tibiofibular overlap. Diastasis was demonstrated in 24 patients (53%) in CT scans, of whom 18 patients had abnormal radiographic parameters, while 6 patients had normal radiographic parameters. Conclusion: We found a post-operative CT scan more useful than standard plain radiographic measurement for assessing the reduction of the syndesmosis. We suggest the use of post-operative CT scan as a routine to evaluate the syndesmosis reduction.
Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Spinal Surgeries? A Retrospective Study in a Specialized Orthopedic Spine Center
Authors:   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghandhari Hasan , Ameri Ebrahim ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Motalebi Mohsen ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Azizi Mohamad-Mahdi ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Various studies have shown the effects of morbid obesity on the adverse consequences of various surgeries, especially postoperative infections. However, some studies have shown that the complications of spinal surgery in obese and non-obese patients are not significantly different. Objectives: This study investigated and compared the duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and complications after common spinal surgeries by orthopedic spine fellowship in obese and non-obese patients in a specialized spine center in Iran. Methods: All patients who underwent decompression with or without lumbar fusion were included in this retrospective study. These patients were classified into two groups: non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The data related to type and levels of surgery, 30-day hospital complications, length of hospital stay, rate of postoperative wound infection, blood loss, and need for transfusion were all extracted and compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 148 patients (74%) were in the non-obese group and 52 patients (26%) in the obese group. The number of patients that need packed cells was significantly higher in the obese group (51.8% vs 32.6%) (P=0.01). Otherwise, there were not a significant difference between type of treatment (fusion or only decompression) (P=0.78), interbody fusion (P=0.26), osteotomy (P=0.56), duration of surgery (P=0.25), length of hospital stay (P=0.72), mean amount of blood loss (P=0.09), and postoperative complications (P=0.68) between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications are not associated with the BMI of the patients.
Volume 25, Issue 1 (March 2021) Physiol Pharmacol 2021, 25(1): 1-6 | Back to browse issues page 10.32598/ppj.25.1.10 XML Print Download citation: BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks Send citation to: Mendeley Zotero RefWorks Najafi H, Zarei R, Alimoradian A, Asafari M, Mohammadi M, Samadi F, et al . A review on humane endpoints in animal experimentation for biomedical research. Physiol Pharmacol. 2021; 25 (1) :1-6 URL: http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1606-en.html A review on humane endpoints in animal experimentation for biomedical research
Authors:   Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Najafi Houshang , Zarei Reza ,   Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Alimoradian Abbas ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Asafari Mohaddeseh ,   Deputy of Food and Drug, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Mohammadi Mahsa ,   Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Samadi Fatemeh ,   Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Ramezani Majid ,   Department of internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Baghitallah University of Medical Sciences, Teharn, Iran, Changizi Ashtiyani Saeed ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The use of animals in experiments and their role in the development of medical sciences are undeniable. Humane endpoints terminate pain and distress in laboratory animals, which are experimented in painful procedures and an involuntary manner. This study was going to review studies published in this area to assist researchers in developing their approach. Methods: Articles used in this review study were obtained from relevant databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, OVID, SID, Magiran and Google scholar. Results: “Humane endpoints” or killing the animal humanely means the point at which an experimental animal’s pain and/or distress is terminated. This pain and distress are not necessarily accompanied by clinical symptoms and it can also be recognized by biochemical, physiological and molecular biomarkers testing. Conclusion: Regarding the extensive use of laboratory animals, the aim is not only to take care of animals but also to develop knowledge and prevent unintentional animal suffering and death. Increasing awareness of ethical issues regarding research animal use needs scientific information and designing experiments, which are terminated immediately after achieving main goals. Otherwise, it threatens the life of animal and leads to the animal suffering.
Gastrointestinal and kidney manifestations in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections: role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Authors:   Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Maghool Fatemeh , Emami Mohammad Hassan ,   Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Mohammadzadeh Samaneh ,   Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Heidari Aida ,   Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Safari Tahereh ,   Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Published: May 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020, which has a substantial structural similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused the outbreak in 2003, is currently a threat to global health. Lung involvement is the principal clinical feature in infected patients but extra-pulmonary clinical presentations are also common. The reasons for the extensive involvement of other organs are not yet clear. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key peptide of renin–angiotensin system (RAS), has recently identified as a major receptor for the both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that might be a main target of coronavirus infection. ACE2 is mainly expressed in the pulmonary pneumocytes, the small intestine enterocytes as well as the proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidneys. In addition to the respiratory tract infection symptoms, the noticeable prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms as well as kidney impairment in hospitalized infected patients highlights other routes of infection/transmission. In present review, we discussed the role of RAS with emphasis on ACE2 in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, particularly in gastrointestinal and kidney manifestations of the diseases.
Pretreatment with p-coumaric acid protect rat’s liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors:   Persian Gulf’s Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute , Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Kazemzadeh Razieh , Khorsandi Layasadat ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute , School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Radan Maryam ,   Persian Gulf’s Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute , Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Ghafouri Samireh ,   Persian Gulf’s Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute , Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Mard Seyyed Ali ,   Persian Gulf’s Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute , Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Many physiological, biochemical and toxicological reactions are occurred in liver. Therefore, healthy function of this organ is vital for the whole body. In spite of having potent endogenous antioxidant system, lots of reactions in liver make it more susceptible to stressors. It is established that improving the potency of liver antioxidants can increase its ability to resist against different kinds of oxidative stressors. Therefore, this study designed to determine whether p-coumaric alleviate ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic injury (IRI) in rats. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned in sham, p-coumaric acid (PC), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and p-coumaric acid pretreated IR (PC+IR) groups (n=8 in each group). Animals in sham group underwent laparotomy but not IR injury; rats in PC group did not experience any surgical procedures; IR and PC+IR groups underwent hepatic IR injury. P-coumaric acid at 100mg/kg were given for 7 consecutive days to PC and PC+IR groups. The last dose of p-coumaric acid was injected just before surgery on 7th days of experiment. The levels of malondialdehyde, TAC, ALT and AST were determined. A molecular evaluation to quantify the gene expression of SOD and GPx was done in liver homogenate. Results: P-coumaric mitigated the hepatic injuries induced by IR and improved TAC, ALT, AST, SOD and GPx. This pretreatment was also decreased MDA level. Conclusion: The current outcomes showed that PC via improving the endogenous level of antioxidants in liver tissues and inhibiting IR-induced inflammation maintain the liver structure and function of liver against IR.
Comparison of the protective effects of Scrophularia striata extract with vitamin E on cognitive function, anxiety and pain sensitivity in diazinon-exposed male rats
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Abedi Ali , Bamdad Khayam ,   School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Yaghoubi Shahir Hilda ,   School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Dehghany Raziyeh ,   School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Moradi Alireza ,   School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Saadati Hakimeh ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Scrophularia striata is used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders and has neuroprotective effects. There are no studies about the effects of S. striata on cognitive functions in diazinon (DZN)- exposed rats. According to the results of previous studies, vitamin E (Vit. E) can also act as a protective agent against cognitive impairments. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effects of Vit. E and S. striata on DZN-induced behavioral impairments in male rats. Methods: Neuroprotective effects of S. striata (30mg/kg, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) and Vit. E (200mg/kg, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, IP) were assessed through changes in memory, anxiety-like behaviors and pain threshold following DZN exposure. Open field, shuttle box and hot plate were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, passive avoidance learning and memory as well as pain sensitivity, respectively. Results: Our findings indicated that exposure to DZN caused a significant decrease in memory retention and an increase in anxiety-like behaviors. S. striata and Vit. E administration compensated memory and emotional impairments induced by DZN. As well as, S. striata alone decreased reaction time against thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. The findings of the present study also indicated that exposure to DZN significantly decreased body weight, while S. striata and Vit. E consumption restored it. Conclusion: Results of our study indicated the protective effects of S. striata consumption like Vit. E against DZN-induced disruptions in anxiety, cognitive function and body weight loss.