bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ownership Structure and Performance of Japanese Firms: Horizontal Keiretsu, Vertical Keiretsu, and Independents
Authors: Jameson Mel , Sullivan Michael J. , Constand Richard L.
Published: April 2003

Financial economists have devoted substantial effort to describing and analyzing the governance structures of the Japanese keiretsu, or business groups, to explain how their features serve to improve group performance. The governance mechanisms described provide an informative contrast to the market based monitoring mechanisms of the Anglo-American governance system. In this paper we compare the performance of Japanese keiretsu member firms with that of independent Japanese firms, whose governance structure is more market based. We also compare the performance of different types of keiretsu group members. Two results emerge. First, we find no support for the hypothesis that the overall set of governance structures of keiretsu firms are more effective at maximizing shareholder wealth than are those of independents. In addition, we document significant performance differences among different types of group member firms.
Price Clustering in the Nikkei 225 Stock Index Futures Contract on the SIMEX: An Intraday Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chueh Horace
Published: April 2003

Price clustering in financial markets has been identified by previous studies. However, few studies have examined the phenomenon in the futures market. This paper presents price clustering for the Nikkei 225 stock index futures contract on the SIMEX. An extremely low percentage of odd-tick trades appears at the opening for the first trading session, while moderately low percentage occurs at the opening and the closing for the second trading session. GARCH estimation results document that the degree of price clustering increases in the periods with high volatility, bid-ask spreads, and transaction frequency. Price clustering tends to occur on the last trading day which the futures contract is to be presented. Generally, the results support the negotiation hypothesis of price clustering proposed by Harris (1991).
THE HEAVY BALL WITH FRICTION METHOD, I. THE CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEM: GLOBAL EXPLORATION OF THE LOCAL MINIMA OF A REAL-VALUED FUNCTION BY ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF A DISSIPATIVE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM
Authors: ATTOUCH H. , GOUDOU X. , REDONT P.
Published: April 2003

Let H be a real Hilbert space and Φ:H ↦ R a continuously differentiable function, whose gradient is Lipschitz continuous on bounded sets. We study the nonlinear dissipative dynamical system: [Formula: see text], plus Cauchy data, mainly in view of the unconstrained minimization of the function Φ. New results concerning the convergence of a solution to a critical point are given in various situations, including when Φ is convex (possibly with multiple minima) or is a Morse function (the critical point being then generically a local minimum); a counterexample shows that, without peculiar assumptions, a trajectory may not converge. By following the trajectories, we obtain a method for exploring local minima of Φ. A singular perturbation analysis links our results with those concerning gradient systems.
ON A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS INVOLVING CRITICAL EXPONENTS
Authors: de FIGUEIREDO D. G. , GONÇALVES J. V. , MIYAGAKI O. H.
Published: April 2003

This paper deals with the following class of quasilinear elliptic problems in radial form [Formula: see text] where α, β, δ, ℓ, γ, q are given real numbers, λ > 0 is a parameter and 0 < R < ∞. Some results on the existence of positive solutions are obtained by combining the Mountain Pass Theorem with an argument used by Brézis and Nirenberg to overcome the lack of compactness due to the presence of critical Sobolev exponents.
FIXED POINT FREE CIRCLE ACTIONS AND FINITENESS THEOREMS
Authors: FANG FUQUAN , RONG XIAOCHUN
Published: April 2003

We prove a vanishing theorem of certain cohomology classes for an 2n-manifold of finite fundamental group which admits a fixed point free circle action. In particular, it implies that any Tk-action on a compact symplectic manifold of finite fundamental group has a non-empty fixed point set. The vanishing theorem is used to prove two finiteness results in which no lower bound on volume is assumed. (i) The set of symplectic n-manifolds of finite fundamental groups with curvature, λ ≤ sec ≤ Λ, and diameter, diam ; ≤ d, contains only finitely many diffeomorphism types depending only on n, λ, Λ and d. (ii) The set of simply connected n-manifolds (n ≤ 6) with λ ≤ sec ≤ Λ and diam ≤ d contains only finitely many diffeomorphism types depending only on n, λ, Λ and d.
CONTINUATION THEOREMS FOR AMBROSETTI-PRODI TYPE PERIODIC PROBLEMS
Authors: MAWHIN JEAN , REBELO CARLOTA , ZANOLIN FABIO
Published: April 2003

We study the existence of periodic solutions u(·) for a class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations depending on a real parameter s and obtain the existence of closed connected branches of solution pairs (u, s) to various classes of problems, including some cases, like the superlinear one, where there is a lack of a priori bounds. The results are obtained as a consequence of a new continuation theorem for the coincidence equation Lu=N(u, s) in normed spaces. Among the applications, we discuss also an example of existence of global branches of periodic solutions for the Ambrosetti–Prodi type problem u″+g(u)=s+ p(t), with g satisfying some asymmetric conditions.
SEMI-INFINITE FORMS AND TOPOLOGICAL VERTEX OPERATOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: HUANG YI-ZHI , ZHAO WENHUA
Published: April 2003

Semi-infinite forms on the moduli spaces of genus-zero Riemann surfaces with punctures and local coordinates are introduced. A partial operad of semi-infinite forms is constructed. Using semi-infinite forms and motivated by a partial suboperad of the partial operad of semi-infinite forms, topological vertex partial operads of type k<0 and strong topological vertex partial operads of type k<0 are constructed. It is proved that the category of (locally-)grading-restricted (strong) topological vertex operator algebras of type k<0 and the category of (weakly) meromorphic ℤ×ℤ-graded algebras over the (strong) topological vertex partial operad of type k are isomorphic. As an application of this isomorphism theorem, the following conjecture of Lian-Zuckerman and Kimura-Voronov-Zuckerman is proved: A strong topological vertex operator algebra gives a (weak) homotopy Gerstenhaber algebra. These results hold in particular for the tensor product of the moonshine module vertex operator algebra, the vertex algebra constructed from a rank 2 Lorentz lattice and the ghost vertex operator algebra, studied in detail first by Lian and Zuckerman.
ON THE CAUCHY PROBLEM IN BESOV SPACES FOR A NON-LINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: PLANCHON FABRICE
Published: April 2003

We prove that the initial value problem for a non-linear Schrödinger equation is well-posed in the Besov space [Formula: see text], where the nonlinearity is of type |u|αu. This allows to obtain self-similar solutions, and to recover previous results under weaker smallness assumptions on the data.
THETA CORRESPONDENCE I — SEMISTABLE RANGE: CONSTRUCTION AND IRREDUCIBILITY
Authors: HE HONGYU (JACOB LIVINGSTONE)
Published: April 2003

The main purpose of this paper is to study theta correspondence from representation theoretic point of view. There are two problems we have in mind. One is the construction of unipotent representations of semisimple Lie group. The other is the parametrization of unitary dual of semisimple Lie group. In the first paper of this series, we define semistable range in the domain of theta correspondence. Roughly speaking, semistable range is a range where one can define certain averaging operator analytically. In this paper, we prove that if the averaging operator is not vanishing, then it produces the theta correspondence. This paper pave the way to study theta correspondence using analytic machinery.
NON-LOCAL VARIATIONAL LIMITS OF DISCRETE SYSTEMS
Authors: BRAIDES ANDREA
Published: April 2003

We show that the limit of a class of discrete energies defined on one-dimensional lattices of step size ε when ε→0 define a continuum energy with a local and a non-local term with domain a subspace of the special functions of bounded variation.
ACHIRALITY AND PLANARITY
Authors: JIANG BOJU , WANG SHICHENG
Published: April 2003

An embedding of a space Y into the 3-sphere S3 is said to be strictly achiral if its image is pointwise fixed by an orientation reversing homeomorphism of S3. A space Y is said to be abstractly planar if it can be embedded into the 2-sphere S2. We first extend Kuratowski Theorem into a criterion for abstract planarity of polyhedra, then show that a polyhedron has a strictly achiral polyhedral embedding into S3 if and only if it is abstractly planar. Some related higher dimensional examples are also discussed.
JONES-WASSERMANN SUBFACTORS FOR DISCONNECTED INTERVALS
Authors: XU FENG
Published: April 2003

We show that the Jones-Wassermann subfactors for disconnected intervals, which are constructed from the representations of loop groups of type A, are finite-depth subfactors. The index value and the dual principal graphs of these subfactors are completely determined. The square root of the index value in the case of two disjoint intervals for vacuum representation is the same as the quantum 3-manifold invariant of type A evaluated on S1×S2.
HOLOMORPHIC FILLING OF ℝP3
Authors: HIND RICHARD
Published: April 2003

We will demonstrate that up to Stein homotopy there is a unique Stein manifold which has a strictly pseudoconvex boundary diffeomorphic to ℝP3. The manifold is a complexification of S2.
DEFORMATIONS OF SPECIAL LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS
Authors: SALUR SEMA
Published: April 2003

In [7], R. C. McLean showed that the moduli space of nearby submanifolds of a smooth, compact, orientable special Lagrangian submanifold L in a Calabi-Yau manifold X is a smooth manifold and its dimension is equal to the dimension of ℋ1(L), the space of harmonic 1-forms on L. In this paper, we will show that the moduli space of all infinitesimal special Lagrangian deformations of L in a symplectic manifold with non-integrable almost complex structure is also a smooth manifold of dimension b1(L), the first Betti number of L.
A NOTE ON THE STABILITY OF STATIONARY SOLUTIONS TO A SYSTEM OF CHEMOTAXIS
Authors: SUZUKI TAKASHI
Published: April 2003

In 1970 a system of parabolic equations was proposed by Keller and Segel to describe the chemotactic feature of cellular slime molds. It has L1 preserving property for the first component and in use of this the stationary problem is reduced to a single elliptic problem concerning the second component. This problem has a variational structure and several features of the solutions are derived from it. In this paper we study linearized stable solutions in this sense and show that any of them is stable as a stationary solution to the original system of parabolic equations.
TIGHT CONTACT STRUCTURES ON LENS SPACES
Authors: ETNYRE JOHN B.
Published: April 2003

In this paper we develop a method for studying tight contact structures on lens spaces. We then derive uniqueness and non-existence statements for tight contact structures with certain (half) Euler classes on lens spaces.
ON THE COMBINATORIAL STRUCTURE OF PRIMITIVE VASSILIEV INVARIANTS, III — A LOWER BOUND
Authors: DASBACH OLIVER T.
Published: April 2003

We prove that the dimension of the space of primitive Vassiliev invariants of degree n grows — as n tends to infinity — faster than [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. This solves the so-called Kontsevich–Bar–Natan conjecture.

The proof relies on the use of the weight systems coming from the Lie algebra [Formula: see text] (N). In fact, we show that our bound is — up to a multiplication by a rational function in n — the best possible that one can get with [Formula: see text](N)-weight systems.
ON THE MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE FOR GENERALIZED SOLUTIONS TO THE TRICOMI PROBLEM
Authors: LUPO DANIELA , PAYNE KEVIN R.
Published: April 2003

A maximum/minimum principle for weighted W1,2 solutions to the Tricomi problem with L2 right hand side and homogeneous boundary data is established for normal Tricomi domains. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of such generalized solutions is established for arbitrary L2 right hand sides in normal domains which satisfy a convexity condition near the parabolic boundary points.
CHEEGER ISOPERIMETRIC CONSTANTS OF GROMOV-HYPERBOLIC SPACES WITH QUASI-POLES
Authors: CAO JIANGUO
Published: April 2003

Let X be a non-compact complete manifold (or a graph) which admits a quasi-pole and has bounded local geometry. Suppose that X is Gromov-hyperbolic and the diameters (for a fixed Gromov metric) of the connected components of X(∞) have a positive lower bound. Under these assumptions we show that X has positive Cheeger isoperimetric constant. Examples are also constructed to show that the Cheeger constant h(X) may be zero if any of the above assumption on X is removed.

Applications of this isoperimetric estimate include the solvability of the Dirichlet problem at infinity for non-compact Gromov-hyperbolic manifolds X above. In addition, we show that the Martin boundary ∂ΔX of such a space X is homeomorphic to the geometric boundary X(∞) of X at infinity.
LAGRANGIAN CONSTRUCTION OF THE (gln, glm)-DUALITY
Authors: WANG WEIQIANG
Published: April 2003

We give a geometric realization of the symmetric algebra of the tensor space [Formula: see text] together with the action of the dual pair (gln, glm) in terms of lagrangian cycles in the cotangent bundles of certain varieties. We establish geometrically the equivalence between the (gln, glm)-duality and Schur duality. We establish the connection between Springer's construction of (representations of) Weyl groups and Ginzburg's construction of (representations of) Lie algebras of type A.
KLEINIAN GROUPS WITH REAL PARAMETERS
Authors: GEHRING F. W. , GILMAN J. P. , MARTIN G. J.
Published: April 2003

We find all real points of the analytic space of two generator Möbius groups with one generator elliptic of order two. Geometrically this is a certain slice through the space of two generator discrete groups, analogous to the Riley slice, though of a very different nature. We obtain applications concerning the general structure of the space of all two generator Kleinian groups and various universal constraints for Fuchsian groups.
ZEROS OF WAVE FUNCTIONS IN GINZBURG–LANDAU MODEL FOR SMALL ∊
Authors: QING JIE
Published: April 2003

In this paper we study zeros of condensate wave functions in Ginzburg–Landau model. The main question we are concerned with is when a condensate wave function appears to have only isolated zeros of degree one. Our main result shows that under some conditions on the energy and the tension field a condensate wave function will appear to possess only the expected number of isolated zeros of degree one. We will also discuss how the heat flow can deform a condensate wave function and make it appear to possess the expected number of isolated zeros of degree one. In the end we will mention a slight improvement of a uniqueness result of Chanillo and Kiessling.
ON ABELIAN COSET GENERALIZED VERTEX ALGEBRAS
Authors: LI HAISHENG
Published: April 2003

This paper studies the algebraic aspect of a general abelian coset theory with a work of Dong and Lepowsky as our main motivation. It is proved that the vacuum space ΩV (or the space of highest weight vectors) of a Heisenberg algebra in a general vertex operator algebra V has a natural generalized vertex algebra structure in the sense of Dong and Lepowsky and that the vacuum space ΩW of a V-module W is a natural ΩV-module. The automorphism group Aut ΩVΩV of the adjoint ΩV-module is studied and it is proved to be a central extension of a certain torsion free abelian group by C×. For certain subgroups A of Aut ΩVΩV, certain quotient algebras [Formula: see text] of ΩV are constructed. Furthermore, certain functors among the category of V-modules, the category of ΩV-modules and the category of [Formula: see text]-modules are constructed and irreducible ΩV-modules and [Formula: see text]-modules are classified in terms of irreducible V-modules. If the category of V-modules is semisimple, then it is proved that the category of [Formula: see text]-modules is semisimple.
BROADCASTING IN BUS INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS
Authors: FERREIRA A. , GOLDMAN A. , SONG S. W.
Published: April 2003

In most distributed memory MIMD multiprocessors, processors are connected by a point-to-point interconnection network, usually modeled by a graph where processors are nodes and communication links are edges. Since interprocessor communication frequently constitutes serious bottlenecks, several architectures were proposed that enhance point-to-point topologies with the help of multiple bus systems so as to improve the communication efficiency. In this paper we study parallel architectures where the communication means are constituted solely by buses. These architectures can use the power of bus technologies, providing a way to interconnect much more processors in a simple and efficient manner.

We present the hyperpath, hypergrid, hyperring, and hypertorus architectures, which are the bus-based versions of the well used point-to-point interconnection networks. Using (hyper) graph theoretic concepts to model inter-processor communication in such networks, we give optimal algorithms for broadcasting a message from one processor to all the others. For deriving high performance communication patterns we developed a new tool called simplification. The idea is to construct a graph, to be called representative graph, from the original hyper-topology, in such a way that it will become easy to describe and perform communication schemes to the former that will fit to the latter, because the simplification concept also allows us to partially use some already known communication algorithms for usual networks.
On the Configuration of Switch-Based Networks with Wormhole Routing
Authors: Lee Wan Y. , Hong Sung Je , Kim Jong
Published: April 2003

In this paper we investigate the configuration of switches suitable for high performance communication, and propose communication schemes which exploit the structural strengths of that configuration. In switch-based networks, communication performance heavily depends on the configuration of switches and communication schemes for the networks. The deadlock problem caused by wormhole routing is another crucial factor affecting communication performance. Thus, we first evaluate several candidate configurations in terms of deadlock avoidance, scalability, flexibility, cost, and network properties (bandwidth, diameter, and average distance), and verify that the incomplete fat tree is the most promising configuration. Next, we show how to implement a routing algorithm and a unicast-based multicast algorithm on the incomplete fat tree configuration. The routing algorithm always finds a shortest path and fully utilizes network resources without using a routing tables. The multicast algorithm is optimal in that it is contention-free and requires a minimum number of communication steps.
OPTIMUM CONGESTED ROUTING STRATEGY ON TWISTED CUBES
Authors: LI TSENG-KUEI , TAN JIMMY J. M. , HSU LIH-HSING , SUNG TING-YI
Published: April 2003

Given a shortest path routing algorithm of an interconnection network, the edge congestion is one of the important factors to evaluate the performance of this algorithm. In this paper, we consider the twisted cube, a variation of the hypercube with some better properties, and review the existing shortest path routing algorithm8. We find that its edge congestion under the routing algorithm is high. Then, we propose a new shortest path routing algorithm and show that our algorithm has optimum time complexity O(n) and optimum edge congestion 2n. Moreover, we calculate the bisection width of the twisted cube of dimension n.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF QoS PROPERTIES
Authors: PANDURANGAN GOPAL , UPFAL ELI
Published: April 2003

Efficient utilization of modern high bandwidth communication networks relies on statistical multiplexing of many logical channels through one physical channel. Communication requests typically include some statistical characterization of the requested connection (such as pick value, mean values, etc). The task of the network management procedure is to accommodate as many communication requests as possible while keeping the failure (e.g. overflow) probability bounded by a pre-specified parameter. When the network consists of one link, the task reduces to evaluating the probability that a sum of random variables does not exceed a given bound. Techniques such as the method of effective bandwidth give a practical solution for the one link problem. In this paper we address the more realistic setting of estimating QoS properties of multi-link networks with arbitrary patterns. The related optimization problem for that setting is #P-complete even for the most simple communication characteristics.

Our main result is an efficient Monte-Carlo method for estimating the failure probability of a general network. Our method is particularly useful in a dynamic setting in which communication requests are dynamically added and eliminated from the system. The amortized cost in our solution of updating the estimate after each change is proportional to the fraction of links involved in the change rather than to the total number of links in the network.
INTELLIGENT PAGING STRATEGIES FOR THIRD GENERATION PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES NETWORKS
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE PARTHA SARATHI , SAHA DEBASHIS , MUKHERJEE AMITAVA
Published: April 2003

We consider the problem of minimizing paging cost, subject to delay constraint, in Personal Communication Services Network (PSCN) and present two intelligent paging strategies for third generation systems. They are termed as sequential intelligent paging (SIP) and parallel-o-sequential intelligent paging (PSIP). Unlike the conventional blanket paging where all cells in a location area are polled at a time, in SIP (PSIP) one cell (a group of cells) is polled at a time. The proposed schemes lead to a decrease in paging signaling load at the cost of some extra processing power. When better discovery rate per cycle is expected irrespective of the incoming traffic PSIP is always preferred to other paging schemes primarily because of its less amount of polling delay. If the incoming traffic rate is low, SIP performs better than PSIP in terms of paging cost per cycle. However, the polling costs per cycle and the discovery rates for both the schemes become equal as number of paging requests per cycle increases. An improvement in respect of paging cost per cycle and discovery rate over conventional paging is shown with the help of simulation results.
LOAD BALANCING FOR PARALLEL PCS NETWORK SIMULATIONS
Authors: BOUKERCHE AZZEDINE
Published: April 2003

Parallel and distributed simulation techniques have been investigated in a number of studies to decrease the execution times of PCS network simulations. In this paper, we consider distributed simulation of PCS models using a two-state PCS simulation testbed which makes use of a conservative scheme at Stage 1, and of Time Warp at Stage 2, and focus upon the load balancing issue. We investigate and study several load balancing schemes for TDMA systems. Extensive simulation experiments were conducted on a cluster of workstations using a real suburban area serviced by an FCA-based PCS networks. Our results indicate clearly that careful load balancing scheme is important in the success of the PCS simulation model.
D-LBSB: A DISTRIBUTED LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM FOR CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT IN CELLULAR MOBILE NETWORKS
Authors: DAS SAJAL K. , SEN SANJOY K. , JAYARAM RAJEEV
Published: April 2003

We propose a novel distributed load balancing algorithm (D-LBSB) for the hot cell problem in cellular mobile networks. As an underlying approach, we start with a fixed channel assignment scheme where each cell is initially allocated a set of C (local) channels, each to be assigned on demand to a user in the cell. A cell is classified as 'hot', if the degree of coldness of a cell (defined as the ratio of the number of available channels to the total number of channels for that cell) is less than or equal to some threshold value, h. Otherwise the cell is 'cold'. D-LBSB proposes to migrate unused channels from suitable cold cells to the hot ones through a distributed channel borrowing algorithm. A Markov model for an individual cell is developed, where the state is determined by the number of occupied channels in the cell. The probability of a cell being hot and the call blocking probability in a cell are derived. Detailed simulation experiments are carried out in order to evaluate our proposed methodology. The performance of D-LBSB is compared with the fixed channel assignment, simple borrowing, and three existing strategies with load balancing (namely, directed retry, CBWL and centralized LBSB). By a rigorous analysis in terms of running time and message complexity, it is shown that D-LBSB performs better than centralized LBSB in an overloaded system. Also D-LBSB performs significantly better than all the other schemes in terms of call blocking probability under moderate and heavy loads.
LINK-STATE AWARE DYNAMIC TRAFFIC SCHEDULING FOR PROVIDING PREDICTIVE QoS IN WIRELESS MOBILE MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS
Authors: HOSSAIN EKRAM , BHARGAVA VIJAY K.
Published: April 2003

The performance of a centralized traffic priority based dynamic burst-level cell scheduling scheme is investigated in a correlated fading channel. The scheduling scheme is designed for the transmission of multiservice traffic over TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)/TDD (Time Division Duplex) channels in a WATM (Wireless ATM) network. In this scheme, the number of slots allocated to a VC (Virtual Circuit) during a frame-time is changed dynamically depending on the traffic type, system traffic load, TOE (Time of Expiry) value of the data burst and data burst length. While allocating bandwidth, the channel error status is also taken into consideration. SR-ARQ (Selective Repeat - Automatic Repeat Request)-based link-level error control is assumed for all the traffic types in a multiservice traffic environment. The performance of the proposed scheme under correlated Rayleigh fading is evaluated using computer simulation for realistic voice, video and data traffic models and the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements of different traffic classes in a wireless mobile network. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling framework can provide reasonably high channel utilization with predictive QoS guarantee in a multiservice traffic environment. The channel utilization and the perceived QoS for different services is highly affected by the traffic burstiness of the corresponding traffic type. Such a scheme can result in an energy efficient TDMA/TDD medium access control protocol for broadband wireless access.
HARMONY — AN ARCHITECTURE FOR PROVIDING QUALITY OF SERVICE IN MOBILE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: LELE A. M. , NANDY S. K. , EPEMA D. H. J.
Published: April 2003

Future mobile multimedia systems will have wearable computing devices as their front ends, supported by database servers, I/O servers, and compute servers over a backbone network. Multimedia applications on such systems are demanding in terms of network and compute resources, and have stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Providing QoS has two aspects. On the one hand, the QoS requirements for the relevant resources have to be defined and suitable policies for meeting these requirements have to be devised and analyzed. On the other hand, the architecture of the system components and the mechanisms enabling the implementation of these policies have to be designed. In this paper we propose an architecture called HARMONY for providing QoS in mobile computing environments. The HARMONY architecture is a layered architecture that provides mechanisms for the management of network and compute resources, in particular for call admission control taking into account the simultaneous requests for both types of resources by the mobile units. It also provides a mechanism for mobility management of mobile units as they move from one cell to another in a mobile computing environment. The network resources are reserved based on the Entropy model. In order to provide compute guarantees, we provide a novel scheme for off-loading tasks from the mobile units to the compute servers in the backbone network. We propose a load-balancing scheme to minimize the call blocking probability due to lack of compute resources, which redistributes the total load in the system across all compute servers so that these are equally loaded. Through a quantitative analysis of the HARMONY architecture we establish its effectiveness in providing quality of service in mobile computing environments.
ANALYSIS OF HIERARCHICAL CELLULAR NETWORKS WITH MULTIMEDIA SERVICES AND DIFFERENT USER MOBILITY PATTERNS
Authors: MEO MICHELA , MARSAN MARCO AJMONE
Published: April 2003

We describe a technique for the approximate performance analysis of cellular mobile communication networks based on a FDMA/TDMA scheme (such as GSM) in which the utilization of two separate frequency bands leads to a complex cellular structure with overlapping microcells and macrocells. The analysis technique is based on Markovian assumptions as regards both the traffic flows entering microcells and macrocells and the user mobility pattern, as well as an assumption of flow balance between handovers into and out of any cell. The model is validated against simulation results for various scenarios, and shown to provide accurate predictions. The performances of many different system configurations are then evaluated and compared using the analytical approach.
MODELLING THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT OF VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: PASSIANTE GIUSEPPINA , ANDRIANI PIERPAOLO
Published: April 2003

This paper will report the results of empirical, web-based research on the knowledge processes that take place in a virtual environment which has been created by the convergence between the telecommunications and information technologies. The analysis of some virtual knowledge networks (VKNs) is presented; the 34 analyses focus on the network properties of both nodes and links. These properties give information on a new general model of VKNs that describes the multilevel structure of virtual networks. An interpretation of VKNs is proposed, which makes use of the complexity theory.
INNOVATION IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Authors: DYERSON ROMANO , PILKINGTON ALAN
Published: April 2003

The paper explores the inherent relationship between stand-alone products and their technological sub-systems. The development of the electric vehicle, explored in the paper, discusses preliminary issues of radical product innovation against a backdrop of mature technological evolution.
UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND SMEs IN EMERGING HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF OPTO-ELECTRONICS
Authors: HENDRY CHRIS , BROWN JAMES , DEFILLIPPI ROBERT
Published: April 2003

It has long been recognised that the innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities of the small medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector can make an important contribution to the commercialisation of emerging technologies. In their role as centres of expertise and originators of new technical knowledge, universities are vital contributors to this process. Understanding the nature of relationships between universities and SMEs is therefore important, particularly in view of the fact that current theories on regional development suggest that concentrations of SMEs in certain regions, clustered around one or more university centres, can be effective locations for accelerating this process. As a counter to regional development theory, an alternative viewpoint is that the way emerging industries develop is affected more by the dynamics of industry life-cycles. The opto-electronics sector, which is characterised by regional clusters in the UK and USA, offers lessons for how SMEs and universities interact against a backdrop of these theories.
EFFECTS OF DESIGNERS' PARTICIPATION AND THEIR EVALUATION MEASURES ON SIMULTANEOUS ACHIEVEMENT OF QUALITY AND COST OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAMS
Authors: HOQUE MAHFUZUL , AKTER MAHMUDA , MONDEN YASUHIRO
Published: April 2003

This paper reports the results of an empirical study designed to investigate the effects of alternative participation of the designers and their performance-evaluation measures on simultaneous achievement of quality and cost in product development. These effects are tested in the weight-determination process at different deployment teams of QFD for model change product. The findings are based on a questionnaire survey of 207 Japanese manufacturing companies. We tested the interaction effects of three levels of participation and two levels of evaluation measure on quality and cost performance by the proportional-odds model. Results show that in all deployment teams, joint-participation (JP) is the dominant category. At mechanism deployment, simultaneous attainment of quality and cost is possible by JP and evaluation by uncontrollable information (UC). At the function and parts deployment teams, JP is the most effective when it is interacted with controllable information (C). The difference in the results in mechanism, function and parts levels lies in the controllability of the evaluation measures, which corresponds to their team sizes. The UC is associated with the teams having complex and broader structure while C is with simple and small structured teams.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: STRATEGY, MANAGEMENT, PROCESS AND INHIBITING FACTORS. A STUDY RELATING TO THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Authors: WALKER ANDY , ELLIS HARRY
Published: April 2003

Organisational growth, as well as survival, is becoming more dependent on innovation, yet no company or organisation can hope to have all its required technology to be developed in-house. Thus, at some stage, it will be necessary to import technology. In the development of corporate strategy, it is considered essential that there should be a subset strategy relating to technology or R&D which differentiates in-house technological capability and availability, and technology which must be imported. Technology transfer is, more often than not, a complex process and requires cooperation at a number of organisational levels. A lack of understanding of the processes of technology transfer leads to numerous problems and in some cases, disaster, with large amounts of money spent and little to show for it. It is imperative, therefore, that a well-planned and executed programme is developed to avoid many of the possible pitfalls, a number of which are described later in this paper.

It is very difficult to arrive at one model for technology transfer because each technology has different elements. However, the results of some recent research suggest that there are some basic rules that do apply across the board and if these are followed, then successful outcome of the transfer is high.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION MANPOWER FOR A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: THE SINGAPORE APPROACH
Authors: LIAO ZIQI , CHEW IRENE KENG-HOWE
Published: April 2003

This article explores the Singapore approach to the strategic development of innovation manpower for the achievement of a knowledge-based economy. The country has placed a great emphasis on the development of science and technology in selected areas since the late 1980s. Substantial resources have been allocated to the promotion of innovation activities and the development of research scientists and engineers. However, the shortage of R&D manpower remains an emerging issue. In addition to encouraging local science and engineering graduates to pursue R&D as their life-long career, both public research institutions and private industry have been recruiting international talents. Furthermore, a number of strategic measures such as R&D assistance schemes, the reform of traditional education systems, cross-sector collaborations and the development of international R&D networks have been implemented in order to strengthen the technological core competence of the country.
USING SCENARIOS TO IDENTIFY INNOVATION PRIORITIES IN THE UK RAILWAY INDUSTRY
Authors: POTTER STEPHEN , ROY ROBIN
Published: April 2003

In the face of increasing uncertainty in market, technology and political/social trends, scenarios have come to be used to explore how an organisation could plan for a range of possible futures.

This paper outlines four scenarios for the future of UK rail transport up to 2010, developed in the run-up to the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s. The scenarios, cost-driven, quality-driven, technology-driven and environment-driven, were produced to identify areas of strategic R&D needed to improve rail's competitiveness in the transport market. Each scenario is illustrated by a typical passenger "journey" and leads to a different set of R&D needs and priorities.

The paper concludes with an assessment of the scenarios five years since they were written, in the light of actual developments since UK rail privatisation. This indicates that the focus to date has been on the cost and quality-driven approaches although there may be a shift towards technological and environmental priorities in the next decade.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATION LEADERS IN DEVELOPING LONG-TERM PRODUCTS
Authors: TOPALIAN ALAN
Published: April 2003

Leadership and innovation attract increasing attention as business enterprises enter the 21st century. There is a considerable volume of published material on both these topics, yet virtually nothing on the contribution of innovation leaders to the effective management of innovation.

A prime duty of innovation leaders is to deliver a continuous stream of profitable innovations over time, by harnessing internal and external resources. This paper explores the role of these individuals in evolving a more systematic approach to enhance innovative performance within their organisations. The perspective adopted is that of radical step change required when planning "long-term" products and services that are at least two generations ahead of those currently on the market. For most organisations, this represents a planning horizon of at least ten years.

The discussion draws on the findings of a research survey carried out in the United Kingdom for the British Standards Institution which guided the content of the new British Standard BS7000 Part 1 Guide to Managing Innovation.
WHY THE RESISTANCE TO LONG-TERM INNOVATION MANAGEMENT?
Authors: HOLLINS BILL
Published: April 2003

This paper describes some of the results of research undertaken in 1998 and 1999. The purpose of the research was to determine how innovative organisations plan their long-term products and services and the reasons why many do not. The focus of this paper is mainly on the latter and it will be shown that most of the objections to taking the long-term view are unfounded.

The time-scale under consideration for this research was "the product generation after the product generation after next" — typically ten years for most organisations. It was found that very many senior executives in organisations were sceptical and resisted planning over such a time period. From the results obtained, it was possible to piece together a "system" for organising long-term products and services.

The results were used in the development of the new British Standard BS 7000 Part 1 Guide to Managing Innovation which was published at the end of 1999.
AIRPORTS OF THE FUTURE: A MANAGER'S VIEW OF AN INNOVATION EXERCISE
Authors: MATTHEWS LAURENCE
Published: April 2003

This paper reports practical experience with a project called "Airports of the Future" carried out in BAA plc, the leading owner and operator of airports in the UK. Airport infrastructure involves large capital investment and typically has a lifetime measured in decades; the project aimed to change the way BAA looks at the future, with the incorporation of more systematic "future-proofing" activities. After an introduction to the organisational context, the work is described, providing the background for two suggestions for research activity: "political context" forecasting and a "science" of flexibility. The paper ends with a list of practical managerial learning points relevant to innovation in a large corporate environment.
REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION OF TECHNOLOGY: BENCHMARKING "OUTSIDE THE SECTOR" IN R&D
Authors: HIRSCH ROBIN
Published: April 2003

Starting from an applied research study on behalf of British Rail, this article then describes how multi-sector trend analysis can help to anticipate change in any industry and in searching for paradigms to assist in looking "outside the box" of one's own sector's progress in R&D. It points to the importance of choosing sectors with longer and steeper learning curves, suggests how to identify such sectors, and the degree to which cross-sector lessons may be applicable. It describes certain general trends in R&D, and an implication of the increasing speed in disseminating ideas, especially with the growth of the Internet.
A NEW CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY IN PROCESS INDUSTRY: A POINT OF DEPARTURE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE "PROCESS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS" INTO A FORMAL WORK PROCESS?
Authors: LAGER THOMAS
Published: April 2003

In an exploratory survey to R&D managers in different sectors of European Process Industry, the importance and present use of a formal work process for process development has been studied. A new conceptual three-phase model for the "process development process", including the identification of production needs, process development and transfer of results to production, was also tested. The results show that only 44% of the companies in the study presently use a formal work process for process development, but the need for such a process is considered to be high. Good support was given for the new conceptual model as a starting point for further development of a company-specific "process development process".
EAST ASIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AND THE TRANSITION FROM INVESTMENT-DRIVEN TO INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: CARNEY MICHAEL , GEDAJLOVIC ERIC
Published: April 2003

Many of today's high growth and high value-added businesses are concentrated in the knowledge- and innovation-based industries of information technology, telecommunications, biotechnology, media, software and entertainment. Though the governments of Hong Kong, Singapore & Taiwan (Asian NIEs) have invested heavily in promoting these sectors, they have largely failed to produce internationally competitive firms. We argue that government-led initiatives that were appropriate for economies in the investment-driven stage of industrialisation need to be reformed. As some economic sectors approach the technology frontier, diverse financing arrangements are needed to direct capital to high technology start-ups. To complement existing government-related technology initiatives, a more varied financial infrastructure must be developed.
SUPPORTING SYSTEMS INNOVATION
Authors: DOOLEY LAWRENCE , CORMICAN KATHRYN , WREATH SIOBHAN , O'SULLIVAN DAVID
Published: April 2003

Many researchers and practitioners contend that organisations should respond to changing market need and create competitive advantage through innovation and creativity. Each year, organisations expend significant resources developing new products and processes and yet research shows that more than half of these initiatives fail. Successful organisations are not innovative by accident; they deliberately manage their innovation process. In order to effectively manage the innovation process, organisations must utilise proven approaches to "lever" innovation within the organisation.

This paper proposes an approach to managing systems innovation that centres on the process of organisational innovation and good management practice. This approach aims to provide a more integrated approach to systems innovation that will make it more systemic and improve its likelihood of success. This paper's main objective is to present a Systems Innovation Self-Assessment (SISA) tool. This tool is derived from the Systems Innovation Management approach, together with the findings of a series of case studies undertaken of the Irish manufacturing industry. This tool allows organisations to assess their progress towards developing an environment supportive of systems innovation. A number of observations obtained from these case studies are also presented.
ALIGNING PROCESS AND MEANING: INNOVATING IN COMPLEX HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: BOWER D. JANE , REID MARGARET , BARRY NESSA , IBBOTSON TRACY
Published: April 2003

For some time now, successive generations of more sophisticated information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been adopted by organisations to enhance or replace more traditional methods of accessing, recording and communicating information used in problem-solving activities. Professionals in most industries have had some experience of the impact of ICT innovation and might be expected to resist innovations which they perceive to have the potential to disrupt crucial processes. This appears particularly likely to occur where there is a substantial tacit knowledge component. In this paper, we report the perceptions of key groups of healthcare professionals of the barriers to adoption of videoconferencing into knowledge-intensive processes mediating high-level problem-solving. While there was some shared perception of the critical problems, the interpretations of the underlying issues differed. The findings give some insight into the conceptualisation issues surrounding innovation management within complex systems which are emerging in the adoption of ICTs. The nature of their impact on pre-existing core communication routines involving high level expertise and tacit knowledge is considered.
THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION PROBLEM
Authors: STOREY JOHN
Published: April 2003

The vital importance of innovation in today's competitive climate has been widely canvassed. But while the need for more innovation is intensively proclaimed, the response for some time now has been widely regarded as falling well short of what is required. In other words, there is and has long been a perceived "innovation problem" in the UK and of course in many other countries. There is a large literature exploring the barriers to innovation and this has identified a whole array of factors ranging from the macro-level (such as a tendency towards short-termism) to the micro-level (including personality traits and team characteristics). This article reports the results from a new extensive study which addresses the "problem" by attending to the perceptions, assumptions, interpretations and cognitions of managers — i.e. those actors who determine organisational priorities and who make crucial resource allocation decisions. These managerial ways of seeing have vital consequences for organisational innovation. This article reports on the marked variety of managerial interpretations of innovation; it presents new ways of classifying these and it describes the practical implications of these insights.
SERVICES INNOVATION: COMING OF AGE IN THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
Authors: MILES IAN
Published: April 2003

This collection of essays demonstrates that research on services innovation is now a vibrant and mature field within innovation studies. Examining the development of this field, and the contributions of these essays in particular, we argue that the time is right for a "marriage" between the study of services innovation and mainstream innovation studies. While there is a great deal to be learned from the study of services innovation, treating this as a separate area of study runs the risk that important lessons for the study of innovation within manufacturing and other sectors may be lost. These essays point the way toward more integrated approaches, which are particularly suitable for studying innovation processes in the knowledge-based economy.