bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clay flocculation level with multivalent cations on some paddy soils in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Chairunnisya R A , Suryaningtyas D T , Iskandar
Published: July 2021

The dispersion of clay on flooded and irrigated soils such as rice fields is a new challenge that must be solved. Dispersed clay will easily be carried away by water flow which makes the soil prone to erosion as an indirect effect of climate change. The implication of losing clay in the soil is the reduced fertility of the paddy soil. Therefore, flocculation of clay is important in order to prevent the flow of water from carrying it. This study aims to identify the degree of flocculation of clay in some paddy soils with multivalent cations differences in concentration and acidity. This study used six samples of paddy soil from Dramaga, Gunung Sari, and Gunung Sindur, Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia, which have 1:1 clay type, halloysite, and kaolinite. The clay flocculation level was observed at three pH levels by giving multivalent ions with predetermined concentration ranges. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the level of flocculation of kaolinitic and halloysitic soils with different pH levels and multivalent cations concentrations.
Nitrogen content and C-Organic in the field for tropical fruit plantation in Jinengdalem Village, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Gunamantha I M , Oviantari M V , Suryaputra I G N , Sudiana I K , Sastrawidana I D K , Armatini K , Handayani D F
Published: July 2021

This explorative research aims to find out reserves of total nitrogen and soil organic carbon on land for tropical fruit plantations in Jinengdalem Village, Buleleng District, Bali. Climate change will affect the availability of nutrients for these plantations. This research was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020. Soil sampling was carried out based on SNI 7724: 2011. The total nitrogen content of the soil in the sample was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the organic carbon stock in the sample was determined by the Walkley and Black method. The results showed that the total soil nitrogen and soil organic carbon obtained from samples 1 to 5 were respectively 0.007%, 0.00152%, 0.00151%, 0.006%, 0.006%, and 0.003% and for soil organic carbon were 0, 3733%; 0.4200%; 0.5133%; 0.5600% and 0.5133%. The content of soil nitrogen and organic carbon in this soil is very low because the level is less than 1%.
Adaptation to climate change on rice cultivation in the marginal coastal land through optimizing soil ameliorant application
Authors: Kusumarini N , Nugroho G A , Adella N D , Indahsari D N , Syaadah L Z , Hasanah U , Kurniawan S
Published: July 2021

Global warming has widely impact on increasing sea water level, resulting in high soil salinity in the agricultural coastal land. As consequence, rice productivity in Coastal land may decrease due to soil salinity disrupt plant physiological processes. The study aimed to analyze the impact of ameliorants application on plant and soil in rice cultivation. The study was conducted in coastline land, locating at 750 m from the Java Sea. The land was treated with several types of soil ameliorant (dolomite, agricultural lime) under dosage 1000 kg ha−1 as a control, and several dosages of gypsum ranged between 500 kg ha−1 to 2000 kg ha−1. Soil ameliorants were significantly increased nutrient uptake by the plant, resulting in increases of biomass up to 42.8% compared to control in the treatment of 1000 kg ha−1 dolomite. This was probably due to the application of soil ameliorants decreased salinity level by lowering pH by 4-5%; EC by 42-57%; Na by 39.1%; and Cl by 12.2%. Improving soil nutrient content was reached by applying 1000 kg ha−1 gypsum which increases total N by 5 – 25%; Ca by 5%, and S by 28% compared to control and increased another soil nutrient content compared to before treatments.
Soil management practices in coffee-based agroforestry systems within Universitas Brawijaya Forest impact on maintaining soil carbon stock
Authors: Kurniawan S , Hariyanto P , Ishaq R M
Published: July 2021

Farmer fertilization practices is one of effort on climate change mitigation and determine environmental services of agroforestry systems especially soil carbon stocks. The research aimed to assess soil carbon stock in smallholder agroforestry systems within Universitas Brawijaya (UB) Forest, East Java. The study was conducted on two different types of fertilizer application (e.g., organic, mixed organic and inorganic fertilizer) with three different doses of organic fertilizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15 kg tree−1) and 3 replications of each, totalling 18 plots. At each plot, soil sample was collected at fertilized and unfertilized areas with a depth 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, then measured total organic C, soil bulk density, soil pH, and soil carbon stocks. Application of mixed fertilizer had 19-42 % lower of soil organic C as compared to those in application of organic fertilizer, resulted in decrease of soil carbon stock around 15-41 % at a depth 0-40 cm. In addition, the increases dose of organic fertilizer application up to 15 kg tree−1 decreased soil bulk density at 0-20 cm depth of soil around 8-10% as compared to dose 5 and 10 kg tree−1. Our study suggested to optimize fertilization practices for maintaining soil fertility and its relationship to coffee production.
Potential distribution of sugar palm in Jepara Regency for soil conservation and climate change mitigation
Authors: Krissetya Y A , Sari D P , Apriyanto D , Nufus M
Published: July 2021

Agroforestry can be developed for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Farmers in Jepara Regency have long been developing sugar palm agroforestry for starch. Increasing the use of sugar palm and the low knowledge of farmers about the potential of sugar palm plants are a threat to the existence of sugar palm agroforestry. This study aims to inventory the potential distribution of sugar palm with the support of remote sensing and field surveys in Pakis Aji, Bangsri, and Kembang sub-districts which was carried out in August-December 2020. The interpretation results used Landsat 8 imagery and Google Earth images in 1161 sugar palm objects with the largest number in Bangsri District. Remote sensing accuracy testing with the Omission-Commission method obtained a value of 90.8%, which means the accuracy value is very high. The correlation test between the value of vegetation density (NDVI) and the survey results obtained a value of R2 = 0.575 with a significance value of 0.00 <0.05. The overall potential of palm plantations is predicted to be 5740 m3 with an area for the development of sugar palm agroforestry of 10,008.9 ha.
Phosphorus adsorption on the surface of pumice and natural sand adsorbents
Authors: de Rozari P , Therik A
Published: July 2021

Climate change may cause serious implications on the fate of anthropogenic and natural chemicals in water bodies. This condition could lead health problems and environmental destruction. Phosphorus (P) from domestic wastewater released to the water body without proper treatment could lead to eutrophication. Therefore, it is crucial to remove phosphorus from domestic wastewater. Adsorption technology using locally adsorbent materials is a promising alternative method to remove P because of its low cost and effectiveness. In this study, a combination of pumice and sand was investigated to remove phosphorus from the solution. The aim of this study was to study the capacity of local sand and pumice from East Nusa Tenggara (ENTP) to adsorb phosphorus. These adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and XRF followed by isotherm and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results showed that the adsorption of P in these local materials followed the Langmuir model and the P adsorption capacity was 0.07825 mol g−1. The adsorption kinetics followed the second order. Thus, natural pumice can be potentially used as an adsorbent for treating domestic wastewater.
Crop water productivity of cash crops under drip irrigation combined with soil mulching
Authors: Komariah  , Sari F P , Ariyanto D P
Published: July 2021

Drip irrigation is one of important technique of watering especially during unstable and uneven distributed rainfall due to global climate change. It minimizes water loss hence may increase the CWP (Crop Water Productivity). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drip irrigation combined with soil mulching to CWP of cash crops. This research was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021 at Jumantono, Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in the Strip Plot design with 3 factors, namely type of irrigation (drip and conventional) as main plot; mulch (control, silver black mulch, and straw mulch) also commodities (paddy and chili) as the sub-plot with 3 replications. Parameters observed were biomass and Crop Water Productivity (CWP). The results showed drip irrigation combined with soil mulching resulted in higher CWP at both chili and paddy.
Analysis of water balance conditions as the impact of climate and land-use changes in Kapuas Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Fibriantika E , Mujahidin A , Maryamah S , Rasyid I A
Published: July 2021

The Kapuas River is located in the West Kalimantan province and is the longest river in Indonesia. Climate change has an impact on the frequency and intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the water balance in the Kapuas watershed using the water balance equation. The data used is the monthly rainfall and evapotranspiration data for the years 1901–2019 from the CHIRPS and CRU data as well as the Kapuas watershed land cover data. Based on the study conducted, the Kapuas watershed experienced a significant increase in the dry month, but the trend of the magnitude of the dry month decreased but not significantly. The lowest average potential evapotranspiration occurred in DJF, which ranged from 2.8 to 3.2 mm / day, while the highest average potential evapotranspiration occurred in March-April-May (MAM), which ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 mm / day. The Kapuas watershed always experiences a water surplus, with the lowest water surplus occurring in July. Swamp forest in the southwestern and northeastern part of the Kapuas watershed has decreased in area, this is because the swamp forest has turned into agricultural land and plantations, so this condition has an effect on a significant increase in the incidence of dry months in the Kapuas watershed.
Climate change mitigation through superior varieties use to increase rice production in tidal swamp land
Authors: Ratmini N P S , Herwenita  , Irsan F
Published: July 2021

The tidal swamp is sub-optimal land that can be utilized for agricultural development. The potential tidal swamp land as agricultural land reaches 3,445,184 ha, in which 2,802,169 ha is used for rice fields. The constraints faced in tidal swamp land development for agriculture are low soil fertility including high soil acidity, pyrite content, and high iron and aluminum solubility. It is also exacerbated by climate change that has affected the season which affects water conditions in the field. To overcome these problems, proper technology should be applied with adaptive superior varieties as one of the technology components to increase rice production. This paper aims to determine the superior varieties contribution in increasing rice production in tidal swamp land. The study used the review article method which original research and relevant experimental studies, as well as review articles, were critically read and analyzed for inclusion in this paper. The superior varieties have contributed to rice production increase due to their ability to adapt to climate change. Stress-tolerant and adaptive superior varieties may cope with high iron solubility and acidity of tidal swamp land. Moreover, it also has a shorter crop duration, resistance to certain pests and diseases, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, with higher and more stable production. Some of the superior varieties that adapted well in tidal swamp land are Mekongga, Ciherang, Inpari 10, 13, 22, 31, 32, 33 dan 42, Inpara 1,3, 5, 7, and 9.
Dynamics of basal area increment and carbon value of natural forest stands in response to the El Nino occurrence in East Kalimantan
Authors: Susanty F H , Abdurachman  , Cahyono D D N
Published: July 2021

Climate change will have an impact on ecosystems, both flora and fauna. Forest stands or vegetation will have different resilience. This is indicated by a varied growth response. This study aims to show the dynamics of vegetation increment and carbon value of natural forest stands in response to the occurrence of El Nino. The research was conducted on permanent sample plots of primary mixed Dipterocarps forest in Labanan, East Kalimantan, which was built as many as 12 plots (12 ha) which were monitored along for 30 years (measurement period 1990-2020). The approach to assessing the vegetation response is based on the parameters of the basal area increment level and the carbon value of stands which are divided into aboveground and total. The analysis of the dynamics of the response is arranged in terms of time, with the existence of long post-el Nino drought conditions that occurred in 1997/1998 and 2015 in East Kalimantan. Variations in growth dynamics will occur in species groups based on ecophysiology factors. Assessment of primary forest provides an overview of growth rates based on genetic characteristics of the vegetation composition. The existence of El Nino as a factor in this condition is possible to decrease the density and basal area increment of stand after fourth year. The El Nino effect will reduce the total carbon value of primary forest stands by around 7.7-20.3% from the initial reserve.
Application of Azolla mycrophylla in combination with chicken manure to initiate rice organic farming in sandy soil
Authors: Syamsiyah J , Herawati A , Mujiyo  , Putri E F , Pangastuti T S , Afnani L S , Putri M W S
Published: July 2021

Organic agriculture needs to be continuously developed, in anticipation of climate change and the availability of inorganic fertilizers Therefore, it is necessary to look for local various organic matter that is potential and affordable to farmers. This study aims to determine the effect of Azolla mycrophylla (AM) and chicken manure (CM) on the growth of rice cultivated organically in sandy soil. The pot research used a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, the first factor was 4 levels of Azolla mycrophylla, namely. 0, 50, 100, and 150 tonnes ha−1. The second factor is chicken manure at a rate of 0, 20, and 40 tonnes ha−1. Azolla mycrophylla and chicken manure were given 2 weeks before planting. The results showed that there was an interaction between AM and CM on plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers. At the age of 84 days after planting, the highest plant height, leaf number, and a number of tillers were found in the treatment of AM 50 tonnes ha−1 and chicken manure 20 tonnes ha−1. The use of Azolla mycrophylla 50 tonnes ha−1 is equivalent to reducing Urea fertilizer by 261 kg ha−1 or equivalent to N in the amount of 120 kg ha−1.
Water efficienty and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth with size pottery irrigation in Alfisols and Entisols
Authors: Rahayu  , Aktavia H , Fabian H S , Komariah
Published: July 2021

Climate change sues more effects in irrigation water management. The dry season is a major problem for the cultivation o rainfed crops. Subsurface irrigation with pottery potentially as a way out for rainfed crop cultivation. This study aims to determine the size and origin of pottery which has a high level of irrigation efficiency. This research is a pot experiment with pottery irrigation treatment with water seeping out of the pot into the soil efficiency and to obtain the size of the irrigation pot and the original material that is effective as a water pottery. Purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was planted in Alfisols and Entisols soil in pots with a diameter of 60 cm and irrigation with pottery. The potteries were buried in the soil in the planting media, and the water was filled through the neck of the pottery and the volume measured every day as consumption of irrigation. The pottery used is from the center of the pottery Industry in Java, namely Bayat and Kasongan, with a volume of 7 liters and a small 3 liters. Result showed that the 3 liters size of pottery Kasongan produced more fruit than other treatment in Alfisols and efficient irrigation in Entisols than other pottery. The 3 liters pottery size is more water effiecient and has better plant yield than a 7 liter pot.
Understanding the factors of green advertising to adopt the environmental strategy
Authors: Othman N A , Alamsyah D P , Aryanto R
Published: July 2021

Climate change is changing weather patterns and catastrophic consequences throughout the world. To reduce the climate change issue, companies should be responsible for making sure their products does not harm to human beings and the planet. Companies are going green by introducing the environmental friendly product and promoting it through green advertising. However, companies should be able to understand consumer behavior to adapt to the environmental strategy. A study on factors of green advertising to adopt environmental strategy behaviorwas carried out among retail consumers. Indonesian retailers with environmental friendly products were selected, and 200 consumers have responded to the questionnaire. Results shows that factors of green advertising for environmental strategy behavior adaption consist of green impact, green message, green theme, green emotion, green experience, green interaction, and green claims. The three most dominant factors to increase green advertising value are green experience, green theme, and green message. This study provides the essential information for industries to engage in environmentally friendly products and to uphold environmental sustainability efforts.
The strategy of eco-friendly products with green consumer behavior: Development of green trust model
Authors: Alamsyah D P , Aryanto R , Indriana  , Widjaja V F , Rohaeni H
Published: July 2021

Green consumer behavior is a marketer’s concern because of the value of environmental sustainability—a study of green consumer behavior as a part of facing the climate change issue. Based on the phenomenon of green consumer behavior, this study focuses on examining the green trust model as information support for environmental strategy in consumer behavior. The research conduct with a sample of 100 consumers which has experience in buying eco-friendly products. Path analysis was carried out with SmartPLS to study the model, as well as to test hypotheses. The research results found that green trust can increase through consumer perceived quality and support by eco-label as attribute on eco-friendly products. Consumer percevied quality plays a more critical role in increasing consumer trust as mediation variable. The findings of this study are helpful for industries that implement a green marketing strategy, which needs to pay attention to the attributes of green trust. The implementation of the green marketing strategy provides opportunities for marketing performance and support to face the climate change issue.
The concentration of heavy metals zinc and lead in the soil around the Putri Cempo landfill, Indonesia
Authors: Nyiramigisha P , Komariah  , Sajidan
Published: July 2021

Improper disposal of municipal waste is a serious threat to the environment and a challenge to climate which results in the land, water, and air pollution. Through decomposition processes and life cycle activities, landfill contributes to more than 5% of greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. This study aims to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals around the Putri Cempo landfill. Soil samples were taken in the depth of 0-30 cm. Characterization of soil parameters included soil pH, organic matter (OM), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). The result showed soil pH value ranging from 6.07 to 6.85 which is slightly acid, organic matter ranged from 0.95% to 5.87%, while Zinc and lead concentration ranged from 49.2μg/g to 224.7μg/g and 4.3μg/g to 82.4 μg/g respectively and were below the permissible limits of heavy metals in soil recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The mean concentration of both metals was detected low far from the landfill and higher close to the landfill, which proves that there had been the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals pollution in the soil through the disposal of wastes. In conclusion, this study serves as a starting point for future environmental studies.
The coincidence of dengue and Covid-19 in pandemic: Report of cases
Authors: Ardyanto T D , Hanafi M , Suyatmi  , Wardhani L O
Published: July 2021

Viral-based disease is very closely related to the climate change. For years, dengue infection was reported to be related to rainy season. Any climate change supposedly induces the change on the pattern of dengue infection. Since March 2020, the Covid-19 is started to report in Indonesia. The toll was relatively low in the beginning but gradually increased in the following months. In the same period of rainy season, as it is annually reported, the dengue fever is also increasing. The possible coincidence of covid-19 and dengue infection is therefore an interesting issue. We review 19 cases of which the Dengue fever serological test as well as Covid RT-PCR test were simultaneously performed based on the symptoms and signs found on the patient. Of those cases, coincidence was found on 4 cases. Even relatively low, the 4 cases were significant issue for public health management and the possible correlation with climate change. The emerging covid infection interfered with the dengue case infection along with the climate change. Those issues should be taken into consideration seriously for the health policies.
Analysis of rainfall data to develop the classification criteria for identifying agro-climate resources on the field
Authors: Pramudia A , Susanti E , Auranda M
Published: July 2021

The issue of climate change demands an update on the existing agro-climate map of Indonesia. For this purpose, in 2019 the Indonesian Agro-climate Resource Map was prepared. One of the stages of mapping is rainfall classification. This paper describes the analysis of rainfall to produce the classification used in the Indonesian Agro-climate Resource Map. The analysis used the monthly and annual rainfall data from 4087 stations with various observation lengths period between 1980-2010. The results of the analysis show that there is a proportional relationship between annual rainfall and the number of consecutive wet months (R2= 0.776), as well as an inversely proportional relationship between annual rainfall and the number of consecutive dry months (R2= 0.64), and between the number of consecutive dry months with the consecutive wet months (R2= 0.72). The results of the rainfall analysis divided the criteria for annual rainfall into 3 categories, namely wet (>2500 mm/year), moderate (1500-2500 mm/year) and dry, (<1500 mm/year); dividing the criteria for dry months into 3 categories, namely <3, 3-7, and >7 months; and dividing the criteria for the number of wet months into 4 categories, namely <3, 3-4, 5-9, >9 months. To improve the adaptation capacity of users and to assist quickly identification in the field, a Triangle Diagram is designed which can be used to identify the value of annual rainfall, the number of consecutive wet months, the number of consecutive dry months and the crop planting patterns.
Precipitable water vapor estimated using GPS precise point positioning
Authors: Handoko E Y , Kurniawan A , Maulida P , Susilo  , Cemara N A
Published: July 2021

Precipitation water vapor is an important indicator of climate change. It is related to the moisture in the atmosphere. Atmospheric water vapor is one of the primary greenhouse gases, and it plays a critical role in weather forecasting, micrometeorology, and global climate change. Due to their high operational costs, sparse station distribution, and lack of all-weather availability, certain conventional methods of measuring water vapor, such as microwave radiometers and radio-sounding balloons, are limited in their application to modern meteorology. The precipitation water vapor values are can be obtained using Global Positioning System signal delays. The objective of this study is to estimate the zenith wet delay using the Global Positioning System precise point positioning method. Water Vapor can be presented by zenith wet delay. To estimate the strength of the relationship between zenith wet delay from GPS data, the computation of correlation with in situ data from meteorology data has been performed. Using two pair stations (Global positioning system and meteorology station): CMLG-Malang and CPAS-Tretes, the correlation coefficients are strong 0.85 and 0.79, respectively. Finally, GPS data measurement can be a complement to obtain the zenith wet delay and water vapor.
Rain-fed Farmers’ Strategy of adapting to climate change
Authors: Dewi W P , Sugihardjo  , Lestari E , Rusdiyana E , Widiyanto  , Setyowati R
Published: July 2021

Climate change has led to changes in various sectors, one of those is the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is a sector that is very vulnerable towards climate change because it affects on planting patterns, planting time, harvest quality and quantity output impact. Climate change’s phenomenon causes adaptive strategy from farmers in order to maintain the results of their own.This research aimed to find out the strategy taken by the dry land farmers to adapt to climate change. The subjects of research were rain-fed farmers in Gondangrejo Sub District, Karanganyar Research. The research design used was descriptive qualitative one with purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data collection was conducted using observation, in-depth interview, focus groups discussion, and documentation. The result of research shows that the adapting strategy taken by the farmers in dealing with climate change includes: changing planting pattern, changing plant variety used, changing fertilizer pesticide, and herbicide doses, developing irrigation technology, and changing post-harvest activities.
Resistance of several wheat varieties grown at the medium altitude of East Lombok to leaf blight disease
Authors: Hidayat R S , Fauzi M T , Muthahanas I
Published: July 2021

Wheat is a subtropical plant that can only be cultivated in tropical highlands of Indonesia at an altitude of >800 m above sea level. When planted at a lower altitude, the wheat need to adapt to different climate conditions (the adaption getting a lot harder due to climate change issues), especially to the disease they will face in warmer conditions. The research aimed to determine the resistance of several wheat varieties grown at medium altitude to leaf blight disease had been conducted in East Lombok, Indonesia. The research applied a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 12 wheat varieties, namely: Nias, Dewata, Axe, Gladius, Correll, Cobra, Espada, Scout, Mace, Sunstate, Janz, and Westonia. The incidence of natural infection of Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of leaf blight disease of wheat, was observed weekly. The wheat yield was also measured after harvest. The results showed that the highest average percentage of disease incidence (35.97%) was found in the Axe variety which is categorized as susceptible to leaf blight disease, while the lowest (11.37%) was found in the Janz variety which is categorized as resistant variety. The highest yield of wheat (3.16 ton/ha) was found in the Nias variety with the disease incidence of 13.21%, and the lowest (0.68 ton/ha) was found in the Cobra variety with the disease incidence of 20.96%.
Salinity and potassium fertilizer on growth and proline of the medicinal plant Pereskia bleo
Authors: Sulandjari  , Sakya A T , Wijayanti R N
Published: July 2021

There is strong observational evidence that climate change patterns impact the salinization of agricultural land in some countries. It is suspected that a significant increase in soil salinity of the root zone occurs due to the impact of prolonged drought conditions. Rainfall in Indonesia is strongly influenced by EL NINO and LA NINA/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and global warming will cause ENSO events to occur more frequently. Salinity will provide adverse effects, such as plant growth, by decreasing leaf water potential, morphological and physiological changes, increased osmotic stress, and changes in biochemical processes. Potassium has some role in plants, including medium nutrient transportation, resistance to drought, expanding root growth, and enzyme activation. This study aims to find out the tolerance of the Pereskia bleo plant to salinity and the effect of applying Potassium in growth with proline indicators. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors (NaCl 0 ppm; 4 ppm; 8 ppm/plant and KCl 0 g; 1.5 g; 3 g/plant). The results showed that salinity has a significant effect on growth, and there is an interaction between salinity and potassium fertilizer on proline. In general, the application of potassium fertilizer increases the tolerance ability of Pereskia bleo plants to salinity.
Microclimate on rice cultivation of local varieties (Oryza sativa L.) by intermittent irrigation
Authors: Isnawan B H , Samanhudi  , Supriyono  , Supriyadi
Published: July 2021

This study examines the influence of local varieties and identifies the effects of water-saving intermittent irrigation on microclimate change. This study was compiled using a 3x2 factorial experiment design with a Complete Group Randomized Design. The local rice varieties factor consists of 3 levels: varieties Rojolele, Pandan Wangi, and Mentik Wangi. Factor 2 kinds of irrigation consist of 2 levels, namely: conventional irrigation and intermittent irrigation. The results showed various local rice varieties and types of irrigation no interaction or no mutually affecting relationship to the microclimate change. The air temperature is 29.98 – 36.16°C, while the ground surface temperature is 29.00 – 34.22°C. The surface temperature of the soil and a depth of 25 cm in the maximum vegetative growth phase and at the time of seed formation with intermittent irrigation is higher than conventional irrigation. Pandan Wangi Rice Varieties produce higher grain, although the three local rice varieties do not significantly influence the microclimate change, namely air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, and intensity of sunlight. There is no interaction between local varieties of rice and irrigation types to the microclimate of local rice crops. The type of irrigation does not affect the microclimate. Pandan Wangi can intermittently save more water consumption in local rice cultivation varieties and not cause microclimate change.
Contemporary challenges of the Indonesian vernacular architecture in responding to climate change
Authors: Rajendra Anom
Published: July 2021

Indonesian traditional architecture commonly called vernacular architecture has a wide range of local wisdom in responding to the climate. With their philosophy to life in harmony with nature and proficiency, they created building performance and material usage which play as ‘a breathing building’. With supported by green open spaces surrounding the building, it indicates that indoor and outdoor thermal comfort could be achieved throughout the day. However, life has changed followed by changes in the building materials especially in roof covering materials. Although the building form and orientation may have not changed, the indoor and outdoor climate has practically increased, whereby temperature change has also resulted from climate change as global events. To understand its impacts on the material changes, a method applied in this research was to compare the use of artificial/prefab and natural roof covering materials from the existing Indonesian vernacular buildings, and then was analysed into the descriptive analysis based on architectural and green building principles. From this point, it could be highlighted as the contemporary challenges for today and the future. Therefore, a result of this research is to prove that any change, in particular, the use of building materials from natural to artificial materials in the Indonesian vernacular buildings will increase the indoor temperature which finally lead to the user’s discomfort.
Reducing emissions and logistics costs in Indonesia: An overview
Authors: Aziz A , Abidin M Z
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the aspects of reducing emissions and logistics costs in Indonesia. This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was obtained through the literature study (secondary data). The results show that reducing emissions and logistics costs in Indonesia can be achieved by applying green logistics by emphasizing the more efficient use of energy. Fiscal policy support reducing emissions and increase the competitiveness of the logistics industry. This policy can be pursued through interest subsidies to finance investment in environmentally friendly transportation equipment, developments of environmentally friendly infrastructure, and quality fuel availability. In the long term, the efficiency benefits obtained are expected to exceed the cost of the spent investment.
Risk analysis and revenue distribution of cassava farming as an impact of climate change in Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Rahayu E S , Setyowati  , Rahwadwiati R
Published: July 2021

The geographical condition of Wonogiri Regency is agro climatically suitable for the cultivation of cassava. The management of cassava cultivation certainly has risks that can occur from natural factors, such as climate, weather, floods, as well as pests and diseases, during the cultivation process, price risks, etc., and ultimately will have an impact on farmers’ income. Cassava risk analysis due to climate change is an interesting topic to research because it can cause huge losses that affect farmers’ incomes and income inequality of cassava farmers. The study aims to (1) identifies the impact of climate change on cassava farming, (2) analyze the income of cassava farmers as a result of climate change, (2) analyze the risks of cassava farming from the impacts of climate change. The research method used is a survey with purposive sampling in the determination of sub-districts and villages, selected Ngadirojo Subdistrict, cassava farmers took 60 farmers in simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, revenue analysis, and risk analysis. The results showed that there was a 12.43% change in income due to climate change as measured by the delay in the growing season and product quality. There is a change in quality and quantity in three types of cassava market in Wonogiri Regency, namely (1) wet cassava market, (2) dry cassava market (gaplek), (3) industrial market that goes directly into the factory. Risk analysis obtained coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.503 which means that the average income risk faced by farmers is classified as risky in the low category (CV>0.5), with the lower limit value (La) showing Rp. 28,121.82 which means that in running a cassava cultivation business, farmers must dare to bear the risk of income of Rp. 28,121.82 (12.47%) in one period of cultivation.
Effects of local and remote black carbon aerosols on summer monsoon precipitation over India
Authors: Krishnamohan K S , Modak Angshuman , Bala Govindasamy
Published: July 2021

In this study, we perform idealized climate model simulations to assess the relative impacts of an increase in local black carbon (BC) aerosols (located over the Indian region) and the remote BC aerosols (located outside the Indian region) on the summer monsoon precipitation over India. We decompose the precipitation changes into fast adjustments triggered by the introduction of the forcing agent and slow response that is associated with the global mean temperature change. We find that a 60-fold increase in the ‘present-day’ global distribution of BC aerosols leads to an increase in precipitation over India, which is mainly contributed by an increase in remote BC aerosols. When remote BC aerosols are increased, the fast adjustments contribute to an increase in precipitation in association with the warming of the northern hemisphere land and the related northward Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shift. For an increase in local aerosols too, by enhancing the upper tropospheric temperature meridional gradient in the Indian region, the fast adjustments contribute to an increase in precipitation over India. The slow response contributions in both cases are related to the regional patterns of SST change and the resulting changes to meridional temperature gradient in the Indian region and zonal circulation changes. The net precipitation change over India is an increase (decrease) for an increase in remote (local) BC aerosols. As the interpretation of our results relies on ITCZ shift related to planetary energetics, differing land-ocean response and meridional temperature gradients in the Indian region, the results from our study are likely to be robust across climate models.
Practical Scientific Writing and Publishing in Anatomic Pathology
Authors: Katsakhyan Levon , Jacobson Alec M , Budina Anna , Baloch Zubair W
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To develop a structured, introductory curriculum in scientific writing and publishing for residents in anatomic pathology.

Methods

We assessed the need for this curriculum by using an online questionnaire sent to anatomic pathology residents in our program and tailored content to address areas of least familiarity. The curriculum consisted of 4 virtual lectures delivered by select experts in the field. Curriculum evaluation was assessed through a postcurriculum questionnaire.

Results

In total, 27 of 31 (87%) residents responded to the initial questionnaire. The major educational need was identified in the following topics: “responsibilities of a corresponding author”; “selecting a journal for publication”; “editor’s approach to evaluating a manuscript”; “correspondence with editors and reviewers”; and “open access, cost and increasing exposure to manuscript.” Eight residents participated in at least 3 of 4 lectures and completed the pre- and postcurriculum survey. The postcurriculum survey demonstrated statistically significant interval increases in familiarity with 7 of 18 topics, and the leading increases were noted in topics of most significant educational need.

Conclusions

Development of novel curricula is vital to the ever-changing landscape of pathology resident education. This study proposes a generalizable algorithmic approach to assessing new areas of educational need and effectively addressing them through targeted curricula.
The Effect of Covid-19 on Alcohol Use Disorder and the Role of Universal Alcohol Screening in an Inpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Control Study
Authors: Subhani Mohsan , Sheth Abhishek , Unitt Stuart , Aithal Guruprasad P , Ryder Stephen D , Morling Joanne R
Published: July 2021

Aim

To assess the impact of Covid-19 on alcohol use disorders (AUD) and the role of universal alcohol screening (UAS) in an inpatient setting.

Methods

Retrospective cohorts were defined as pre-pandemic and pandemic admitted to Nottingham University Hospitals (April to October; 2019 and 2020) and had alcohol assessment by AUDIT-C. AUDIT-C score was assessed against age, sex, ethnicity, admission type, speciality and primary diagnosis of mental disorders. Subgroup analysis for Covid-19 positive patients was performed.

Results

A total of 63,927 admissions (47,954 patients) were included. The pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic had fewer overall admissions (27,349 vs 36,578, P < 0.001), fewer with AUD (17.6% vs 18.4%, P = 0.008) but a higher proportion of alcohol dependents (3.7% vs 3.0%, P < 0.0001). In the pandemic those with AUD were more likely to be male (P = 0.003), white (P < 0.001), in relationship (P < 0.001), of higher socioeconomic background (P < 0.001), have alcohol-related mental disorders (P = 0.002), emergency admission (P < 0.001), medical speciality admission (P < 0.001) and shorter length of stay (P < 0.033) compared to pre-pandemic AUD. Covid-19 positive patients with concomitant AUD died at younger age (P < 0.05) than Covid-19 positive patients at low risk for AUD.

Conclusions

The pandemic changed the characteristics of inpatients with AUD. There was a higher proportion of alcohol-dependent admissions with evidence that a younger, less deprived group have been significantly impacted. UAS provides a useful tool to screen for AUD and to identify the change when facing sudden health crises.
Matrix factorization-based data fusion for the prediction of RNA-binding proteins and alternative splicing event associations during epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Qiu Yushan , Ching Wai-Ki , Zou Quan
Published: July 2021

Motivation

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular–developmental process activated during tumor metastasis. Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling EMT are well studied; however, alternative RNA splicing also plays a critical regulatory role during this process. Unfortunately, a comprehensive understanding of alternative splicing (AS) and the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate it during EMT remains largely unknown. Therefore, a great need exists to develop effective computational methods for predicting associations of RBPs and AS events. Dramatically increasing data sources that have direct and indirect information associated with RBPs and AS events have provided an ideal platform for inferring these associations.

Results

In this study, we propose a novel method for RBP–AS target prediction based on weighted data fusion with sparse matrix tri-factorization (WDFSMF in short) that simultaneously decomposes heterogeneous data source matrices into low-rank matrices to reveal hidden associations. WDFSMF can select and integrate data sources by assigning different weights to those sources, and these weights can be assigned automatically. In addition, WDFSMF can identify significant RBP complexes regulating AS events and eliminate noise and outliers from the data. Our proposed method achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of $90.78\%$, which shows that WDFSMF can effectively predict RBP–AS event associations with higher accuracy compared with previous methods. Furthermore, this study identifies significant RBPs as complexes for AS events during EMT and provides solid ground for further investigation into RNA regulation during EMT and metastasis. WDFSMF is a general data fusion framework, and as such it can also be adapted to predict associations between other biological entities.
DNAgenie: accurate prediction of DNA-type-specific binding residues in protein sequences
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ghadermarzi Sina , Katuwawala Akila , Kurgan Lukasz
Published: July 2021

Efforts to elucidate protein–DNA interactions at the molecular level rely in part on accurate predictions of DNA-binding residues in protein sequences. While there are over a dozen computational predictors of the DNA-binding residues, they are DNA-type agnostic and significantly cross-predict residues that interact with other ligands as DNA binding. We leverage a custom-designed machine learning architecture to introduce DNAgenie, first-of-its-kind predictor of residues that interact with A-DNA, B-DNA and single-stranded DNA. DNAgenie uses a comprehensive physiochemical profile extracted from an input protein sequence and implements a two-step refinement process to provide accurate predictions and to minimize the cross-predictions. Comparative tests on an independent test dataset demonstrate that DNAgenie outperforms the current methods that we adapt to predict residue-level interactions with the three DNA types. Further analysis finds that the use of the second (refinement) step leads to a substantial reduction in the cross predictions. Empirical tests show that DNAgenie’s outputs that are converted to coarse-grained protein-level predictions compare favorably against recent tools that predict which DNA-binding proteins interact with double-stranded versus single-stranded DNAs. Moreover, predictions from the sequences of the whole human proteome reveal that the results produced by DNAgenie substantially overlap with the known DNA-binding proteins while also including promising leads for several hundred previously unknown putative DNA binders. These results suggest that DNAgenie is a valuable tool for the sequence-based characterization of protein functions. The DNAgenie’s webserver is available at http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/DNAgenie/.
Comparison of approaches to transcriptomic analysis in multi-sampled tumors
Authors: Ku Anson T , Wilkinson Scott , Sowalsky Adam G
Published: July 2021

Intratumoral heterogeneity is a well-documented feature of human cancers and is associated with outcome and treatment resistance. However, a heterogeneous tumor transcriptome contributes an unknown level of variability to analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may contribute to phenotypes of interest, including treatment response. Although current clinical practice and the vast majority of research studies use a single sample from each patient, decreasing costs of sequencing technologies and computing power have made repeated-measures analyses increasingly economical. Repeatedly sampling the same tumor increases the statistical power of DEG analysis, which is indispensable toward downstream analysis and also increases one’s understanding of within-tumor variance, which may affect conclusions. Here, we compared five different methods for analyzing gene expression profiles derived from repeated sampling of human prostate tumors in two separate cohorts of patients. We also benchmarked the sensitivity of generalized linear models to linear mixed models for identifying DEGs contributing to relevant prostate cancer pathways based on a ground-truth model.
PolyRound: polytope rounding for random sampling in metabolic networks
Authors: Theorell Axel , Jadebeck Johann F , Nöh Katharina , Stelling Jörg
Published: July 2021

Random flux sampling is a powerful tool for the constraint-based analysis of metabolic networks. The most efficient sampling method relies on a rounding transform of the constraint polytope, but no available rounding implementation can round all relevant models. By removing redundant polytope constraints on the go, PolyRound simplifies the numerical problem and rounds all the 108 models in the BiGG database without parameter tuning, compared to ∼50% for the state-of-the-art implementation.

Availability and implementation

The implementation is available on gitlab: https://gitlab.com/csb.ethz/PolyRound.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.