bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection signatures in the CIMMYT International Elite Spring and Semi‐arid Wheat Yield Trials
Authors: Mondaini Alexandre , Rosyara Umesh , Sehgal Deepmala , Dreisigacker Susanne
Published: November 2021

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) annually distributes advanced wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines to collaborators worldwide through the International Wheat Improvement Network. Lines are disseminated through international nurseries, including the Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) targeted to optimal (irrigated and high production) wheat production areas and the Semi‐arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) targeted to low rainfall environments. A total of 2,184 wheat lines that formed the ESWYT and SAWYT since 1979 and 1992, respectively, were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing to explore trends of genetic diversity and selection footprints associated with continuous crop improvement and adaptation. Due to a small population size of each trial, adjacent year trials were pooled into subpopulations. Population structure was evaluated using discriminant analysis of principal components and fixation index. High levels of admixture within and across the ESWYT and SAWYT subpopulations were revealed, indicating that the entire genetic diversity in the overall CIMMYT germplasm pool is harnessed to target core traits to individual mega‐environments. Genome wide scans of deviations of minor allele frequencies at each marker identified large linkage blocks in several chromosomes. The scans also revealed that 9.8 and 2.0% of the SNP markers could be associated to selection signatures over time and to environmental adaptation (significant deviations between ESWYT and SAWYT), respectively. Several known genes and previously identified haplotypes associated with grain yield in more recent CIMMYT elite germplasm did fall into genomic regions with directional selection.
Thermal correlation functions in CFT and factorization
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez D. , Russo J. G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We study 2-point and 3-point functions in CFT at finite temperature for large dimension operators using holography. The 2-point function leads to a universal formula for the holographic free energy in d dimensions in terms of the c-anomaly coefficient. By including α′ corrections to the black brane background, we reproduce the leading correction at strong coupling. In turn, 3-point functions have a very intricate structure, exhibiting a number of interesting properties. In simple cases, we find an analytic formula. When the dimensions satisfy ∆i = ∆j + ∆k, the thermal 3-point function satisfies a factorization property. We argue that in d > 2 factorization is a reflection of the semiclassical regime.
Global existence for the two-dimensional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation with a shear flow
Authors: Coti Zelati Michele , Dolce Michele , Feng Yuanyuan , Mazzucato Anna L.
Published: November 2021

We consider the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation (KSE) on the two-dimensional torus in the presence of advection by a given background shear flow. Under the assumption that the shear has a finite number of critical points and there are linearly growing modes only in the direction of the shear, we prove global existence of solutions with data in $$L^2$$

L
2

, using a bootstrap argument. The initial data can be taken arbitrarily large.
14,500 years of vegetation and land use history in the upper continental montane zone at Lac de Champex (Valais, Switzerland)
Authors: Rey Fabian , Brugger Sandra O. , Gobet Erika , Andenmatten Romain , Bonini Andrea , Inniger Hannah , Maurer Corina , Perret-Gentil-dit-Maillard Nina , Riederer Julian C. , Heiri Oliver , Tinner Willy , Schwörer Christoph
Published: November 2021

Forests in the upper continental montane zone are important ecotones between lowland and subalpine forest ecosystems. A thorough understanding of the past vegetation dynamics at mid elevation is crucial to assess past and future altitudinal range shifts of tree species in response to climate change. Lake sediments from Lac de Champex (1,467 m a.s.l.), a small lake in the Canton Valais in the Central Swiss Alps were analysed to reconstruct the vegetation, land use and fire history for the last 14,500 years, using pollen, macrofossils, non-pollen palynomorphs and charcoal. The record indicates that the tree line had already reached the Champex area during the Allerød (14,000 cal bp) but dropped below the lake’s catchment during the Younger Dryas cooling (12,750–11,550 cal bp). Reforestation started again with Betula and Pinus sylvestris in the Early Holocene at 11,500 cal bp in response to rapid climate warming. Temperate tree species (Ulmus, Tilia, Quercus, Acer) may have reached the altitude of the lake during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 10,000–5,000 cal bp). Mixed forests with mesophilous Abies alba were dominant between 7,500 and 5,000 cal bp. The mass expansions of Picea abies after 5,000 cal bp and Alnus viridis thickets after 4,500 cal bp were directly linked to increasing human disturbance. High values of coprophilous Sporormiella fungal spores and cereal pollen suggest pastoral and arable farming at the site from the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age onwards (5,000 cal bp). Our data imply that vegetation at intermediate elevation was less affected by human activities than at higher or lower elevations but that these areas served as important stations between the permanent settlements in the valleys and the seasonally occupied alpine huts at higher elevations. We argue that future climate warming will lead to drastic reorganizations of mountain ecosystems.
Metabotypes of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after cranberry intake: elucidation and statistical approaches
Authors: Mena Pedro , Favari Claudia , Acharjee Animesh , Chernbumroong Saisakul , Bresciani Letizia , Curti Claudio , Brighenti Furio , Heiss Christian , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Del Rio Daniele
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Extensive inter-individual variability exists in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites. Preliminary metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) have been defined, but there is no consensus on the existence of metabotypes associated with the catabolism of catechins and proanthocyanidins. This study aims at elucidating the presence of different metabotypes in the urinary excretion of main flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after consumption of cranberry products and at assessing the impact of the statistical technique used for metabotyping.

Methods

Data on urinary concentrations of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 3-(hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives from two human interventions has been used. Different multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), have been considered.

Results

Data pre-treatment plays a major role on resulting PCA models. Cluster analysis based on k-means and a final consensus algorithm lead to quantitative-based models, while the expectation–maximization algorithm and clustering according to principal component scores yield metabotypes characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of colonic metabolites. PLS-DA, together with univariate analyses, has served to validate the urinary metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites and to confirm the robustness of the methodological approach.

Conclusions

This work proposes a methodological workflow for metabotype definition and highlights the importance of data pre-treatment and clustering methods on the final outcomes for a given dataset. It represents an additional step toward the understanding of the inter-individual variability in flavan-3-ol metabolism.

Trial registration

The acute study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517775, August 7, 2015; the chronic study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02764749, May 6, 2016.
The working memory costs of a central attentional bottleneck in multitasking
Authors: Otermans Pauldy C. J. , Parton Andrew , Szameitat Andre J.
Published: November 2021

When two (or more) tasks, each requiring a rapid response, are performed at the same time then serial processing may occur at certain processing stages, such as the response selection. There is accumulating evidence that such serial processing involves additional control processes, such as inhibition, switching, and scheduling (termed the active scheduling account). The present study tested whether the existence of serial processing in multitasking leads to a requirement for processes that coordinate processing in this way (active scheduling account) and, furthermore, whether such control processes are linked to the executive functions (EF) of working memory (WM). To test this question, we merged the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm with a WM task, creating a complex WM span task. Participants were presented with a sequence of letters to remember, followed by a processing block in which they had to perform either a single task or a dual task, and finally were asked to recall the letters. Results showed that WM performance, i.e. the amount of letters recalled in the correct order, decreased when performing a dual task as compared to performing a single task during the retention interval. Two further experiments supported this finding using manipulations of the dual task difficulty. We conclude that the existence of serial processing in multitasking demands additional control processes (active scheduling) and that these processes are strongly linked to the executive functions of working memory.
Coupling multifunction drones with AI in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Almalki Faris A. , Alotaibi Abdullah A. , Angelides Marios C.
Published: November 2021

When COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, national governments and health authorities across the world begun considering different preventive measures to fight against the coronavirus outbreak. Researchers and tech companies worldwide have been striving to utilize advanced technologies to aid in the fight against the Covid-19 outbreak. This paper aims to couple multifunction drone with AI to deliver wireless services that will help the fight against the Coronavirus pandemic. The proposed drone-eye-system with its thermal imaging cameras and an AI framework utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with its Modified Artificial Neural Network (MANN) for face mask detection of people wearing masks in public. The system can perform basic diagnostic functions such as elevated body temperatures for helping minimize the risk of spreading the infection through close contact. The AI framework evolve an optimized elevation angle $$\uptheta $$
θ
and altitude $${\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{t}}$$

h
t

to enhance wireless connectivity between a drone and a ground station, which in turn leads to better throughput and power consumption. The proposed framework has been developed using the MATLAB toolbox and shows promising results with an accuracy of face mask detection of 82.63%, with an F1-score of 0.98, and an enhanced by 10% link budget parameters.
Intelligence augmentation: rethinking the future of work by leveraging human performance and abilities
Authors: Harborth David , Kümpers Katharina
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, digitalization has an immense impact on the landscape of jobs. This technological revolution creates new industries and professions, promises greater efficiency and improves the quality of working life. However, emerging technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are reducing human intervention, thus advancing automation and eliminating thousands of jobs and whole occupational images. To prepare employees for the changing demands of work, adequate and timely training of the workforce and real-time support of workers in new positions is necessary. Therefore, it is investigated whether user-oriented technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) can be applied “on-the-job” for such training and support—also known as intelligence augmentation (IA). To address this problem, this work synthesizes results of a systematic literature review as well as a practically oriented search on augmented reality and virtual reality use cases within the IA context. A total of 150 papers and use cases are analyzed to identify suitable areas of application in which it is possible to enhance employees' capabilities. The results of both, theoretical and practical work, show that VR is primarily used to train employees without prior knowledge, whereas AR is used to expand the scope of competence of individuals in their field of expertise while on the job. Based on these results, a framework is derived which provides practitioners with guidelines as to how AR or VR can support workers at their job so that they can keep up with anticipated skill demands. Furthermore, it shows for which application areas AR or VR can provide workers with sufficient training to learn new job tasks. By that, this research provides practical recommendations in order to accompany the imminent distortions caused by AI and similar technologies and to alleviate associated negative effects on the German labor market.
Model-driven system-level validation and verification on the space software domain
Authors: Montalvo Aarón , Parra Pablo , Rodríguez Polo Óscar , Carrasco Alberto , Da Silva Antonio , Martínez Agustín , Sánchez Sebastián
Published: November 2021

The development process of on-board software applications can benefit from model-driven engineering techniques. Model validation and model transformations can be applied to drive the activities of specification, requirements definition, and system-level validation and verification according to the space software engineering standards ECSS-E-ST-40 and ECSS-Q-ST-80. This paper presents a model-driven approach to completing these activities by avoiding inconsistencies between the documents that support them and providing the ability to automatically generate the system-level validation tests that are run on the Ground Support Equipment and the matrices required to complete the software verification. A demonstrator of the approach has been built using as a proof of concept a subset of the functionality of the software of the control unit of the Energetic Particle Detector instrument on-board Solar Orbiter.
Dark Triad Personality Traits and Selective Hedging
Authors: Pelster Matthias , Hofmann Annette , Klocke Nina , Warkulat Sonja
Published: November 2021

We study the relationship between risk managers’ dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and their selective hedging activities. Using a primary survey of 412 professional risk managers, we find that managers with dark personality traits are more likely to engage in selective hedging than those without. This effect is particularly pronounced for older, male, and less experienced risk managers. The effect is also stronger in smaller firms, less centralized risk management departments, and family-owned firms.
The Role of Combined SGLT1/SGLT2 Inhibition in Reducing the Incidence of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Steg Gabriel , Leiter Lawrence A. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated significant improvements in cardiovascular and kidney outcomes independent of their glycemic benefits. This paper will briefly compare the effect of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs to that of the SGLT1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin on the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with T2DM and further postulate mechanisms to account for these findings.

Methods and Results

Thus far, the results from SCORED and SOLOIST (trials studying the SGLT1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin) suggest that an increase in SGLT1 inhibition when added to SGLT2 inhibition may contribute to reductions in MI and stroke in patients with T2DM. This benefit is beyond what SGLT2is alone can accomplish and at least similar to GLP-1 RAs but with the added benefit of a reduction in hospitalizations and urgent visits for HF. Larger and longer studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibition in reducing MI and stroke in patients with T2DM and elucidate the mechanisms associated with this finding.

Conclusions

The role of SGLT1/2 inhibition as an addition to GLP-1 RAs in patients with and without T2DM at increased risk for MI and stroke requires further study. Regardless, the finding that a relative increase in SGLT1/2 inhibition reduces the risk of MI and stroke as well as hospitalizations and urgent visits for heart failure could improve quality of life and reduce the healthcare burden associated with T2DM.
The Silence of Physics
Authors: Dainton Barry
Published: November 2021

Although many find it hard to believe that every physical thing—no matter how simple or small—involves some form of consciousness, panpsychists offer the reassurance that their claims are perfectly compatible with everything physics has to say about the physical world. This is because although physics has a lot to say about causal and structural properties it has nothing to say about the intrinsic natures of physical things, and if physics is silent in this regard it is perfectly possible that everything physical has an experiential intrinsic nature. Following in Thomas Nagel’s footsteps, panpsychists have also argued that by revealing that everything is composed of the same fundamental ingredients, physics provides grounds for holding that if any physical things (e.g. our neural processes) have an experiential intrinsic nature then all must. My main contention in this paper is that the relationship between physics and panpsychism is considerably more complex than panpsychists have tended to assume. Nagel’s reasoning may be sound in the context of simplistic atomic theories which posit just one kind of fundamental particle. However, it begins to look distinctly dubious in the context of the diverse range of primitive entities that are to be found in the Standard Model of particle physics. Galen Strawson has suggested that mass-energy interconvertibility should be regarded as evidence that everything physical has the same intrinsic nature. I suggest Strawson’s claim relies on a dubious construal of the nature of energy. Special relativity is another of the cornerstones of contemporary physics, and it too makes life difficult for panpsychists, a fact which emerges when we consider what it would like to be a ray of light. However in this case I suggest that there is an interesting—if radical—move open to the panpsychist: they can simply deny that light exists. To conclude I briefly consider whether what QCD has revealed about the nature of mass poses a problem for panpsychism.
Antipsychotic Medication and Risk of Incident Seizure in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analyses with Cohort and Within Individual Study Designs
Authors: Alfageh Basmah H. , Besag Frank M. C. , Gao Le , Ma Tian-Tian , Man Kenneth K. C. , Wong Ian C. K. , Brauer Ruth
Published: November 2021

There are many case reports of seizures apparently associated with the prescription of antipsychotics. This study aimed to examine whether there is an association between the prescription of antipsychotics and incident seizures in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using retrospective data based on patients’ chart review. A cohort study was conducted to compare the rate of incident seizure between 3923 users of antipsychotics with 10,086 users of other psychotropics. This was followed by a self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis of 149 patients to eliminate the effect of time-invariant confounders. The results showed no evidence of increased risk of seizure after exposure to antipsychotic agents (Hazard Ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.74–2.19) compared to other psychotropics.
Inductive logic programming at 30
Authors: Cropper Andrew , Dumančić Sebastijan , Evans Richard , Muggleton Stephen H.
Published: November 2021

Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a form of logic-based machine learning. The goal is to induce a hypothesis (a logic program) that generalises given training examples and background knowledge. As ILP turns 30, we review the last decade of research. We focus on (i) new meta-level search methods, (ii) techniques for learning recursive programs, (iii) new approaches for predicate invention, and (iv) the use of different technologies. We conclude by discussing current limitations of ILP and directions for future research.
Gender diverse boards and goodwill changes: association between accounting conservatism, gender and governance
Authors: Schadewitz Hannu , Spohr Jonas
Published: November 2021

We study the relation between board gender diversity and goodwill (GW). GW on the balance sheet is connected to both the firm’s risk-taking and its accounting conservatism which are two popular topics in how gender diversity affects the governance of firms. GW captures the firm’s decision to acquire another business for a price exceeding the received identifiable net assets and the subsequent valuation of the purchase. We propose that board decisions affecting GW could depict information about board gender diversity and its potential effects. Specifically, we examine Nordic listed firms in the period 2009–2018, to determine whether and how female representation on the board of directors is linked to the GW change. Big GW increases are associated with risk-taking and GW write-downs are signs of conservative accounting. Thus, we hypothesize and evidence that firms with substantial GW increases (decreases) are associated with fewer (more) women on the board. These results provide insight on board composition and potentially also on good governance and their consequences for strategic decision-making. Our findings contribute to the board diversity literature in accounting and corporate governance.
Gauge groups and bialgebroids
Authors: Han Xiao , Landi Giovanni
Published: November 2021

We study the Ehresmann–Schauenburg bialgebroid of a noncommutative principal bundle as a quantization of the gauge groupoid of a classical principal bundle. We show that the gauge group of the noncommutative bundle is isomorphic to the group of bisections of the bialgebroid, and we give a crossed module structure for the bisections and the automorphisms of the bialgebroid. Examples include: Galois objects of Taft algebras, a monopole bundle over a quantum sphere and a not faithfully flat Hopf–Galois extension of commutative algebras. For each of the latter two examples, there is in fact a suitable invertible antipode for the bialgebroid making it a Hopf algebroid.
Capacity constraints as a trigger for high growth
Authors: Coad Alex , Domnick Clemens , Flachenecker Florian , Harasztosi Peter , Janiri Mario Lorenzo , Pal Rozalia , Teruel Mercedes
Published: November 2021

High-growth enterprises (HGEs) have a large economic impact but are notoriously hard to predict. Previous research has linked high-growth episodes to the configuration of lumpy indivisible resources inside firms, such that high capacity utilisation levels might stimulate future growth. We theorize that firms reaching critically high capacity utilisation levels reach a “trigger point” involving either broad-based investment in further growth or shrinking back to previous levels. We analyze EIBIS survey data (matched to ORBIS) which features a question on time-varying capacity utilisation. Overcapacity is a transitory state. Firms enter into overcapacity after a period of the rapid growth of sales and profits, and the years surrounding overcapacity have higher employment growth rates. Firms operating at overcapacity make incremental investments (e.g. capacity expansion, process improvements and modern machinery) rather than investing in R&D and new product development. We find support for the “fork in the road” hypothesis: for some firms, overcapacity is associated with launching into massive investments and subsequent sales growth, while for other firms, overcapacity is negatively related to both investments and sales growth.
Event Distortion-Based Clustering Algorithm for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Al-Qamaji Ali , Atakan Baris
Published: November 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of compact deployed sensor nodes which collectively report their sensed readings about an event to the Base Station (BS). In WSNs, due to the dense deployment, sensor readings can be spatially correlated and it is nonessential to transmit all their readings to the BS. Therefore, for more energy efficient, it is vital to choose which sensor node should report their sensed readings to the BS. In this paper, the event distortion-based clustering (EDC) algorithm is proposed for the spatially correlated sensor nodes. Here, the sensor nodes are assumed to harvest energy from ambient electromagnetic radiation source. The EDC algorithm allows the energy-harvesting sensor nodes to select and eliminate nonessential nodes while maintain an acceptable level of distortion at the BS. To measure the reliability, a theoretical framework of the distortion function is first derived for both single-hop and two-hop communication scenarios. Then, based on the derived theoretical framework, the EDC algorithm is introduced. Through extensive simulations, the performance of the EDC algorithm is evaluated in terms of achievable distortion level, number of alive nodes and harvested energy levels. As a result, EDC algorithm can successfully exploit both the spatial correlation and energy harvesting to improve the energy efficiency while preserving an acceptable level of distortion. Furthermore, the performance comparisons reveal that the two-hop communication model outperforms the single-hop model in terms of the distortion and energy-efficiency.
Analyzing Consumer Protection for Gamblers Across Different Online Gambling Operators: A Replication Study
Authors: Catania Maris , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: November 2021

Online gambling is a growing business with many stakeholders. Due to the fact that a small proportion of gamblers develop problems, responsible gambling (RG), player protection, and harm minimization have become core areas for gambling regulators. The present study replicated a previous one carried out by Bonello and Griffiths in 2017 to determine whether there had been any significant changes by leading gambling operators due to increased regulatory pressures over the past few years. Fifty leading online gambling operators were audited in relation to their RG practices as well as engaging with their customer services by posing as a problem gambler. Results indicated that overall RG practices appeared to have improved in the past 3 years based on the information in dedicated RG webpages, the increase in RG tool availability, and the communication with customer services. Despite the fact that RG practices appear to have improved, there were still areas for improvement.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus from T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyomas
Authors: Matsuura Koichiro , Inoue Kaiji , Hoshino Eri , Yasuda Masanori , Hasegawa Kosei , Okada Yoshitaka , Baba Yasutaka , Kozawa Eito
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To generate a new discrimination method to distinguish between malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma based on magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical features.

Materials and methods

Data from 32 tumors of 32 patients with malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and from 34 tumors of 30 patients with T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma were analyzed. Clinical parameters, qualitative magnetic resonance imaging features, including computed diffusion-weighted imaging, and quantitative characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging of these two tumor types were compared. Predictive values for malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus were calculated using variant discriminant analysis.

Results

The T1 bright area on qualitative assessment and mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on quantitative assessment yielded the most independent magnetic resonance imaging differentiators of malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma. The classification accuracy of the variant discriminant analysis based on three selected findings, i.e., a T1 bright area, computed diffusion-weighted imaging with a b-value of 2000s/mm2 (cDWI2000), and T2-hypointense bands, was 84.8% (56/66), indicating high accuracy.

Conclusions

Variant discriminant analysis using the T1 bright area, cDWI2000, and T2-hypointense bands yielded high accuracy for differentiating between malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and T2-weighted hyperintense leiomyoma.
Der innerpsychische Konflikt Individuation vs. Abhängigkeit im Coaching: Zentrale Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie zur Praxis erfahrener Coaches
Authors: Halberstadt Claudia
Published: November 2021

Die unbewusste Dynamik von innerpsychischen Konflikten ist ein wichtiger Inhalt des Erlebens und Verhaltens von Menschen und hat vermutlich einen Einfluss in Coachingprozessen. Diese Studie fokussiert den Grundkonflikt „Individuation vs. Abhängigkeit“ in Einzelcoachings. In einer kleinen qualitativen Feldstudie (n = 13) wurden erfahrene Coaching-Expert/innen zu subjektiven Theorien und präferierten Arbeitskonzepten im Handling dieses Konflikts im Einzelcoaching befragt. Die Inhaltsanalyse zeigt Strategien zum Handling damit auf. Im Artikel geht es primär um die Darstellung, Interpretation und Diskussion eines zentralen Forschungsergebnisses, nämlich der Bedeutung der Coachingbeziehung.
Franchise extension and fiscal structure in the UK 1820–1913: a new test of the Redistribution Hypothesis
Authors: Aidt Toke S. , Winer Stanley L. , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2021

The Redistribution Hypothesis predicts that franchise extension causes an increase in state-sponsored redistribution. We test this hypothesis by considering the relationship between franchise extension and selected aspects of fiscal structure at both central and local government levels in the UK from 1820 to 1913. We do so without imposing a priori restrictions on the direction of causality using a novel method for causal investigation of non-experimental data proposed by Hoover (2001). This method is based on tests for structural breaks in the conditional and marginal distributions of the franchise and fiscal structure time series preceded by a detailed historical narrative analysis. We do not find compelling evidence supporting the Redistribution Hypothesis.
Adaptation and Validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) in People Living with HIV in Myanmar
Authors: Huang Feifei , Chen Wei-Ti , Shiu Cheng-Shi , Lin Sai Htun , Tun Min San , Nwe Thet Wai , Nu Oo Yin Thet , Oo Htun Nyunt
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Valid and reliable instruments for the measurement of mindfulness are crucial for people living with HIV. However, there was no Myanmar version of such an instrument.

Methods

We adapted the English version of the 12-item Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) based on standard cross-cultural procedures. By randomly sampling methods, a sample of 248 eligible people living with HIV was contacted from a closed Myanmar Facebook group; 159 PLHIV completed the initial 12-item version of the adapted survey.

Results

Three items were removed due to low item-to-total correlations of the corrected item-total correlation as well as having infit and outfit mean squares outside the range of 0.6 to 1.4. After deleting the 3 items, the three-factor structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated good model fit. The resultant 9-item CAMS-R in Myanmar (CAMS-R-M-2) achieved good internal reliability (Cronbach’sαof 0.75 to 0.87, and the corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.44 to 0.81). Construct validity of the scale was demonstrated by significant association with self-reported HIV stigma and social support levels (r = 0.63, and − 0.53). In Rasch analysis, the infit and outfit mean squares for each item ranged from 0.49 to 1.24, and the person reliability was 2.17 and the separation index was 0.83.

Conclusions

The 9-item CAMS-R-M-2 with a three-factor structure has good reliability and validity. Higher total scores and subscale score reflected greater mindfulness qualities in people living with HIV in Myanmar.
An injection optimization decision-making tool using streamline based fuzzy logic workflow
Authors: BuKhamseen Nader Y. , Al-Najem Abdullah A. , Saffar Ali H.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an adaptive approach to optimize field injection strategies using streamline-based well allocations coupled with fuzzy logic. The strength of our approach comes from the fact that streamlines are generated by running a full-physics reservoir simulator. Streamlines provide great insights about well pattern connectivity and good allocation factors allowing the injection efficiency (IE) for each pattern to be determined. Fuzzy logic can simulate human thinking and handle different categories of information including linguistic, imprecise, approximate, and overlapping to name a few. This paper presents a genuine approach for field injection optimization using a streamlined-based fuzzy logic system. In this work, we present an adaptive streamline-based fuzzy logic system that uses three input parameters namely injection efficiency (IE), water cut (WC), and injection loss to aquifer to assign an injector ranking index (IRI) according to injector performances. The workflow then smartly redistributes water injection by accounting for operational constraints and number of connected producers in a pattern in addition to the IRI. The workflow examines the low performers (i.e., low and medium IRI categories) and assigns different injection reduction factors for each injector in these categories. Then, the total amount of reduced injection is assigned to high performers (i.e., high IRI) while ensuring no operational constraint is violated, such as bottom-hole pressure (BHP) and capacity of pumps. This approach has been tested on a dual-porosity dual-permeability (DPDP) conceptual simulation model. The area of interest has two rows of injectors: downdip and updip. The updip injectors are the focus of the study. The results of applying this approach show noticeable improvements in injection efficiency for most wells in the area of interest ensuring better sweep, good pressure support, and improving cumulative oil production. We believe combining both technologies, namely streamlines and fuzzy logic, can provide reservoir engineers with a robust decision-making tool to attain a more successful field-wide water injection strategy.
Inequality and psychological well-being in times of COVID-19: evidence from Spain
Authors: Martinez-Bravo Monica , Sanz Carlos
Published: November 2021

Using two novel online surveys collected in May and November 2020, we study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish households. We document a large and negative effect on household income. By May 2020, the average individual lived in a household that had lost 16% of their pre-pandemic monthly income. Furthermore, this drop was highly unequal: while households in the richest quintile lost 6.8% of their income, those in the poorest quintile lost 27%. We also document that the pandemic deepened the gender-income gap: on average, women experienced a three-percentage point larger income loss than men. While this is consistent with previous findings in the literature, in this paper we document that this effect is driven by women from middle-income households with kids. Finally, we provide evidence that Spanish individuals experienced moderate declines in their levels of psychological well-being. This effect is not different for individuals living in rich or poor households, but the reasons behind well-being losses do differ: richer individuals are more concerned about loss of contact with dear ones, while low-income individuals are more likely to mention loss of income and employment as a key source of emotional distress.
Sherry wine industry by-product as potential biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium
Authors: Sánchez-Ponce L. , Granado-Castro M. D. , Casanueva-Marenco M. J. , Galindo-Riaño M. D. , Díaz-de-Alba M.
Published: November 2021

A low-cost biosorbent obtained from the Palomino Fino grape seed, a Sherry wine industry by-product, has been proposed as a way of valorising this material. The biomass was characterised obtaining values of 0.68 ± 0.05 g mL−1 for bulk density, 1.02 ± 0.09 g mL−1 for apparent density and 33.3% for porosity. The pHpzc was 5.2 and the surface negative charge value was 2.4 ± 0.2 mmol g−1. The analysis of surface morphology showed differences due to the sorption. The results showed a promising potential for chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The studies were carried out in batch scale and a 23 factorial design was applied for the optimisation of the process. A percentage of 91.7 ± 0.6% was achieved for the biosorption of Cr(VI) under optimal conditions using pH 5.5, 15 g/L of biosorbent and 8 h of contact time. The biosorption capacity showed a remarkable linearity from 0 to 2 mmol L−1 Cr(VI) and a precision of 0.64% for the removal of 1 mmol L−1 of metal. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm equations and the parameters of six kinetic models were used in the equilibrium modelling and identifying the mechanism of the biosorption. The combination of physical and chemical sorption mechanisms was proposed for the chromium removal with a high maximum sorption capacity (qmax = 208.3 mg g−1). Thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the chromium removal. The successful biosorption was based on the special grape seed components with a relevant content in antioxidant and lignocellulosic compounds.
From structural ceramics to 2D materials with multi-applications: A review on the development from MAX phases to MXenes
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Liu Yi , Li Shibo , Wang Xiaohui , Ying Guobing , Xia Qixun , Zhang Peigen
Published: November 2021

MAX phases (Ti3SiC2, Ti3AlC2, V2AlC, Ti4AlN3, etc.) are layered ternary carbides/nitrides, which are generally processed and researched as structure ceramics. Selectively removing A layer from MAX phases, MXenes (Ti3C2, V2C, Mo2C, etc.) with two-dimensional (2D) structure can be prepared. The MXenes are electrically conductive and hydrophilic, which are promising as functional materials in many areas. This article reviews the milestones and the latest progress in the research of MAX phases and MXenes, from the perspective of ceramic science. Especially, this article focuses on the conversion from MAX phases to MXenes. First, we summarize the microstructure, preparation, properties, and applications of MAX phases. Among the various properties, the crack healing properties of MAX phase are highlighted. Thereafter, the critical issues on MXene research, including the preparation process, microstructure, MXene composites, and application of MXenes, are reviewed. Among the various applications, this review focuses on two selected applications: energy storage and electromagnetic interference shielding. Moreover, new research directions and future trends on MAX phases and MXenes are also discussed.
A GROUP REGULARISATION APPROACH FOR CONSTRUCTING GENERALISED AGE-PERIOD-COHORT MORTALITY PROJECTION MODELS
Authors: SriDaran Dilan , Sherris Michael , Villegas Andrés M. , Ziveyi Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Given the rapid reductions in human mortality observed over recent decades and the uncertainty associated with their future evolution, there have been a large number of mortality projection models proposed by actuaries and demographers in recent years. Many of these, however, suffer from being overly complex, thereby producing spurious forecasts, particularly over long horizons and for small, noisy data sets. In this paper, we exploit statistical learning tools, namely group regularisation and cross-validation, to provide a robust framework to construct discrete-time mortality models by automatically selecting the most appropriate functions to best describe and forecast particular data sets. Most importantly, this approach produces bespoke models using a trade-off between complexity (to draw as much insight as possible from limited data sets) and parsimony (to prevent over-fitting to noise), with this trade-off designed to have specific regard to the forecasting horizon of interest. This is illustrated using both empirical data from the Human Mortality Database and simulated data, using code that has been made available within a user-friendly open-sourceRpackage StMoMo.
Waiting for IR Godot? In search of transformative encounters between Middle Eastern Studies and International Relations
Authors: Costantini Irene , Hanau Santini Ruth
Published: November 2021

Within the Special Issue ‘Reaching for allies? The dialectics and overlaps between International Relations and Area Studies in the study of politics, security, and conflicts’, this article investigates the post-2011 changing relationship between International Relations (IR) and Middle Eastern Studies (MES). The article departs from the assumption that the reading and writing of security in, on and from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has historically been trapped between the projection of security from abroad and endogenous security narratives. We argue that within the post-Arab uprisings renewed scholarly attention, with studies on security in, on and from the MENA region expressing an all-time methodological pluralism and the increasing and original application of bottom-up and non-military security understandings to regional security, societal and human security are among the most promising notions for transformative dialogue between IR and MES. In broader theoretical terms, we show how the ongoing debate on post-Weberian notions of statehood and post-Westphalian sovereignty point to an already transformative dialogue between IR and MES. The article illustrates this trend with two case studies – on Tunisia and on Iraq – pointing to changing security concepts reflecting changing security practices.
On the role of turbulent large-scale streaks in generating sediment ridges
Authors: Scherer Markus , Uhlmann Markus , Kidanemariam Aman G. , Krayer Michael
Published: November 2021

The role of turbulent large-scale streaks or large-scale motions in forming subaqueous sediment ridges on an initially flat sediment bed is investigated with the aid of particle resolved direct numerical simulations of open channel flow at bulk Reynolds numbers up to 9500. The regular arrangement of quasi-streamwise ridges and troughs at a characteristic spanwise spacing between 1 and 1.5 times the mean fluid height is found to be a consequence of the spanwise organisation of turbulence in large-scale streamwise velocity streaks. Ridges predominantly appear in regions of weaker erosion below large-scale low-speed streaks and vice versa for troughs. The interaction between the dynamics of the large-scale streaks in the bulk flow and the evolution of sediment ridges on the sediment bed is best described as ‘top-down’ process, as the arrangement of the sediment bedforms is seen to adapt to changes in the outer flow with a time delay of several bulk time units. The observed ‘top-down’ interaction between the outer flow and the bed agrees fairly well with the conceptual model on causality in canonical channel flows proposed by Jiménez (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 842, 2018, P1, § 5.6). Mean secondary currents of Prandtl's second kind of comparable intensity and lateral spacing are found over developed sediment ridges and in single-phase smooth-wall channels alike in averages over

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bulk time units. This indicates that the secondary flow commonly observed together with sediment ridges is the statistical footprint of the regularly organised large-scale streaks.
Extrapolation to weighted Morrey spaces with variable exponents and applications
Authors: Ho Kwok-Pun
Published: November 2021

This paper establishes the mapping properties of pseudo-differential operators and the Fourier integral operators on the weighted Morrey spaces with variable exponents and the weighted Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces with variable exponents. We obtain these results by extending the extrapolation theory to the weighted Morrey spaces with variable exponents. This extension also gives the mapping properties of Calderón–Zygmund operators on the weighted Hardy–Morrey spaces with variable exponents and the wavelet characterizations of the weighted Hardy–Morrey spaces with variable exponents.
Age-appropriate feeding practices and their association with undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months in aspirational districts of India: a multinomial analysis
Authors: Pradhan Itishree , Kandapan Binayak , Pradhan Jalandhar
Published: November 2021

‘Health and nutrition’ is one among the five areas covered by the Aspirational District Programme in India, which aims to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The reduction of undernutrition in under-five children has remained a major focus of the SDGs, especially at the ages of 6–23 months as this affects child development. This study used National Family Health Survey 2015–16 data to examine appropriate feeding practices and their associations with undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months in the 124 aspirational districts of India. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between feeding practices and undernutrition, adjusting for covariates. A total of 13,851 children aged 6–23 months were included in the analysis. Child nutritional outcomes, and children receiving the recommended minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), were poorer in the aspirational compared with non-aspirational districts. However, the proportions of children who continued to breastfed, i.e. currently breastfeeding and the proportion of children who were receiving appropriate breastfeeding, i.e. receiving complementary feeding, in addition to breast milk, were higher in the aspirational districts. Appropriate breastfeeding and MDD were found to be associated negatively with undernutrition. While the continuation of breastfeeding increased the odds of children being undernourished, appropriate breastfeeding lowered the odds. The significant predictors of undernourishment among the study children were the child being male, of higher birth order, older and of smaller than average birth size; mother’s lower educational level, mother’s lower BMI of mothers and being a teenage mother; and poor household drinking water, sanitation facilities and lower economic status. This study suggests that educating mothers, especially illiterate and poor mothers, about appropriate breastfeeding and dietary diversity could help prevent and reduce child undernutrition in the aspirational districts of India.