bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration and Knowledge Diffusion: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Bahar Dany , Hauptmann Andreas , Özgüzel Cem , Rapoport Hillel
Published: February 2022

During the early 1990s, Germany offered temporary protection to 700,000 Yugoslavian refugees fleeing war. By 2000, many had been repatriated. We exploit this natural experiment to investigate the role of returning migrants in boosting export performance upon their return. Using confidential German administrative data, we find that industries with 10% more returning refugees exhibit larger exports between the pre- and postwar periods by 1% to 1.6%. We use exogenous allocation rules for asylum seekers within Germany as an instrument to deal with endogeneity concerns. We show evidence pointing to productivity shifts as the main mechanism behind our results. Consistently, we find our results are driven by refugees in occupations more likely to transfer knowledge, technologies, and best practices.
Empirical Decomposition of the IV-OLS Gap with Heterogeneous and Nonlinear Effects
Authors: Ishimaru Shoya
Published: February 2022

This study proposes an econometric framework to interpret and empirically decompose the difference between instrumental variables (IV) and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates given by a linear regression model when the true causal effects of the treatment are nonlinear in treatment levels and heterogeneous across covariates. I show that the IV-OLS coefficient gap consists of three estimable components: the difference in weights on the covariates, the difference in weights on the treatment levels, and the difference in identified marginal effects that arises from endogeneity bias. Applications of this framework to return-to-schooling estimates demonstrate the empirical relevance of this distinction in properly interpreting the IV-OLS gap.
Tracking Weekly State-Level Economic Conditions
Authors: Baumeister Christiane , Leiva-León Danilo , Sims Eric
Published: February 2022

This paper develops a novel dataset of weekly economic conditions indices for the 50 U.S. states going back to 1987 based on mixed-frequency dynamic factor models with weekly, monthly, and quarterly variables that cover multiple dimensions of state economies. We find considerable cross-state heterogeneity in the length, depth, and timing of business cycles. We illustrate the usefulness of these state-level indices for quantifying the main contributors to the economic collapse caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and for evaluating the effectiveness of the Paycheck Protection Program. We also propose an aggregate indicator that gauges the overall weakness of the U.S. economy.
Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China
Authors: JI JINGXIN , LI ZHUANG , LI YU , KAKISHIMA MAKOTO
Published: February 2022

About 300 species of Puccinia on Poaceae have been reported globally. However, these species can be difficult to identify because of morphological similarities and difficulties of host plant identifications. The presence of many cryptic species is also suspected. Based on about 150 specimens on Poaceae and about 50 related specimens of spermogonial and aecial stages, all collected in northeastern China, a phylogenetic approach was conducted to clarify their identification and life cycles. In phylogenetic analyses 25 clades among specimens on Poaceae were detected. Each clade detected in phylogeny was interpreted as an independent species, although many clades were morphologically similar to each other. After comparative morphology with species previously reported, 17 species including three first records in China (P. cerienthes-agropyrina, P. coronati-agrostidis, P. coronati-hordei) were identified, and eight species (P. ampliaticoronata, P. digitaticoronata, P. eleganticoronata, P. elymi-albispora, P. oncospora, P. pileiformis, P. protuberanticoronata, P. ramificatacoronata) are described as new. In uredinial and telial stages, the host range of above 25 species was variable ranging from one host plant species to several host species, sometimes involving different grass genera. Thus, a phylogenetic approach is more suitable for species identifications of Puccinia on Poaceae rather than relying on rust morphology and host plant identification. Life cycle relations for 15 spermogonial and aecial species were also clarified by phylogenetic analyses. It is also suspected that grass rusts can be differentiated to species based on spermogonial and aecial stages on same or related host plants.
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (Caryophyllaceae) a new record for the Colombian flora and a key to the genera of the Caryophyllaceae from Colombia
Authors: FONSECA-CORTÉS ANDRÉS , SANDOVAL-ORTEGA MANUEL HIGINIO
Published: February 2022

Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum, a species mostly occuring naturally in the Mediterranean region, is recorded for the first time for the Colombian flora. This species is easily recognized by its scarious stipules, flowers with five keeled sepals with scarious margins, three white petaloid staminodes, and D-shaped papillated seeds. To the date, this species only has been recorded in Bogotá D.C., growing through the pavement. Additionally, we present the first key to genera of the Caryophyllaceae present in Colombia.
Assessment of the Clinical Use of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials and the Video Head Impulse Test in the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Berkiten Güler , Tutar Belgin , Atar Sevgi , Kumral Tolgar Lütfi , Saltürk Ziya , Akan Onur , Sari Hüseyin , Onaran Öykü , Biltekin Tuna Ömür , Uyar Yavuz
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

To explore the usefulness of vestibular tests including “ vestibular evoked myogenic potentials” (VEMPs) and the video head impulse test (vHIT) in the early diagnosis of “ idiopathic Parkinson’s disease” (PD).

Materials and methods:

The study involved 80 participants including 40 patients (24 males, 16 females; age average 63.20 ± 7.94 years) with PD and 40 healthy individuals (18 males and 22 females; age average of 60.36 ± 7.68 years). The Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale was used to measure how Parkinson’s symptoms progress and the level of disability. Patients with PD underwent cVEMPs, oVEMPs, and vHIT and the results were compared with those of 40 age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. vHIT results and VEMP responses were registered in all patients and HCs.

Results:

One-sided absent cVEMP responses were found in 6 (15%) patients with PD and 8 (20%) patients had bilaterally absent responses. Five (12.5%) patients had 1-sided absent oVEMP responses and it was bilateral in 6 (15%). Patients with PD had significantly shorter cVEMP P1, N1 latency, lower cVEMP amplitudes, and oVEMP amplitudes than the HC group. The cVEMP and oVEMP amplitude asymmetry ratio was significantly higher in the PD group ( P < .05). Evaluation of vHIT results and vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain between the groups revealed that anterior canal and posterior canal VOR gains results were remarkably lower in the PD group than in the HCs ( P < .05). There was no difference in right and left lateral canal VOR gains between the groups ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggest that cVEMP and vHIT can be used to evaluate the vestibular system in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease.
Trajectories of Sugar Consumption and Dental Caries in Early Childhood
Authors: Echeverria M.S. , Schuch H.S. , Cenci M.S. , Motta J.V.S. , Bertoldi A.D. , Hallal P.C. , Demarco F.F.
Published: February 2022

This study verifies the association between the trajectory of sugar consumption and dental caries in the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Pelotas, Brazil. It was conducted with data from the follow-ups at 3, 12, 24, and 48 mo from the 2015 Birth Cohort, which included 4,275 children born alive in hospitals in Pelotas. Data collection included standardized questionnaires for first caregivers applied by trained interviewers at all follow-ups. Exposure was the trajectory of sugar consumption from 3 to 48 mo (always low, always intermediate, increasing, and always high), obtained by group-based trajectory modeling. The outcome of this study was dental caries, obtained through clinical examination performed by calibrated dentists at 48 mo of age. Socioeconomic conditions and oral health instruction from a health professional during the first 4 y of life were included in the analysis as potential confounders. Prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were provided from generalized estimating equations with a log-Poisson with robust variance specification. In total, 3,654 (91.1%) children participated in the survey at 48 mo, and 2,806 children had complete data for the analyzes performed. Of these, 1,012 (36.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 34.3–37.8) experienced caries, and 723 (25.8%; 95% CI, 24.2–27.4) had cavitated caries. Regarding cavitated caries, the prevalence was 1.48 times higher in the group with increasing sugar consumption than children with always low consumption. There is an association between the trajectory of sugar consumption and dental caries at 48 mo. Children with increasing and always high sugar consumption have the highest prevalence of caries.
Optical Imaging in the Diagnosis of OPMDs Malignant Transformation
Authors: Xu Y. , Deng X. , Sun Y. , Wang X. , Xiao Y. , Li Y. , Chen Q. , Jiang L.
Published: February 2022

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a heterogeneous group of oral lesions with a variable risk of malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The current OPMDs malignant transformation screening depends on conventional oral examination (COE) and is confirmed by biopsy and histologic examination. However, early malignant lesions with subtle mucosal changes are easily unnoticed by COE based on visual inspection and palpation. Optical techniques have been used to determine the biological structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues noninvasively by analyzing the changes in their optical properties. The oral epithelium and stroma undergo persistent structural, functional, and biochemical alterations during malignant transformation, leading to variations in optical tissue properties; optical techniques are thus powerful tools for detecting OPMDs malignant transformation. The optical imaging methods already used to detect OPMDs malignant transformation in vivo include autofluorescence imaging, narrowband imaging, confocal reflectance microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. They exhibit advantages over COE in detecting biochemical or morphologic changes at the molecular or cellular level in vivo; however, limitations also exist. This article comprehensively reviews the various real-time in vivo optical imaging methods used in the adjunctive diagnosis of OPMDs malignant transformation. We focus on the principles of these techniques, review their clinical application, and compare and summarize their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future directions of this field.
Felt Body as Myth and Reality: On the Bodily Dimension of Felt Sense
Authors: Puc Jan
Published: February 2022

This article addresses the function of the felt body in focusing-oriented psychotherapy. Focusing, as defined by its founder Eugene T. Gendlin, innovated the person-centered approach with procedures attending to the bodily “felt sense” of the client’s situation. In a recent series of texts, Campbell Purton questioned the bodily nature of a felt sense, which in his opinion results from a misconception about emotions and language. This article aims to assess the extent to which Purton’s critique is cogent and where, on the contrary, it misses the presence and function of the body in psychotherapy. It is argued that contemporary phenomenological and neo-Jamesian theories of emotions offer ample means of defending the bodily nature of feelings.
A Look Back: Caring about caring in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: February 2022

As important as it is that teachers care about the students in their classroom and build positive relationships with them, the topic did not receive a great deal of attention from authors in Kappan in its early years. But by the 1990s, authors began writing regularly about why teachers should care about students and how they can demonstrate that care by building positive relationships with them. Teresa Preston shares some of their insights in this monthly Kappan column.
A caring climate that promotes belonging and engagement
Authors: Pope Denise , Miles Sarah
Published: February 2022

When students have a strong sense of belonging in their school community, they are more likely to thrive academically. In a study of 55,000 secondary school students across the United States, Challenge Success found further evidence of the bilateral relationship between students’ experiences of academic engagement and their sense of belonging, specifically when tied to school practices aimed at creating an authentic culture of inclusion and respect, an environment that fosters student agency, and assessment practices that are perceived as fair and equitable. Denise Pope and Sarah Miles share research-based strategies for educators seeking to create a climate of care that promotes both engagement and belonging.
Nurturing students through social interactions
Authors: Pruitt-Britton Tiffini , Wilhelm Anne Garrison , Wilson Jonee
Published: February 2022

Student interaction with teachers is crucial to developing caring relationships. Research suggests that when teachers work to build nurturing learning environments, there are substantial benefits for students, especially those from historically marginalized groups. Tiffini Pruitt-Britton, Anne Garrison Wilhelm, and Jonee Wilson share examples from their research that show how using humor, sharing personal stories, and disclosing rationales and mistakes humanize teachers and cultivate an inviting environment that supports student learning.
A new research base for rigorous project-based learning
Authors: De Vivo Kristin
Published: February 2022

A new body of research shows that project-based learning (PBL) can be effective in improving students’ academic performance and attempts to define some of the key practices that are essential to PBL. Kristin De Vivo summarizes key findings of four studies that covered multiple grade levels and subjects. The studies found that PBL is effective across racial and socioeconomic groups and reading levels. When teachers receive a well-designed curriculum, with professional development, they can quickly implement PBL. Key PBL practices include giving students opportunities to ask and answer authentic questions, aligning projects to standards, and collaborating to foster interdisciplinary learning.
Reimagining American Education: Possible Futures
Authors: Mehta Jal
Published: February 2022

If the future of preK-12 education is going to be better than the past, then we need to rethink our fundamental assumptions about what we want from our schools and what we expect those schools to look like. Educators should embrace three core commitments in particular: 1) to treat students as learners whose agency is respected, whose diversity is embraced, whose selves are deeply known, whose joy is cultivated, and whose holistic growth is the paramount concern of the adults who care for them; 2) to promote learning that is purposeful, authentic, and connected to the broader human domains of which those learners are part; and 3) to create learning communities that enable deep relationships, cultivate democratic values and dispositions, and model the kind of society and environment we want to create.
On Leadership: Expect resistance
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: February 2022

Parent resistance to curricular changes has a long history, but the current objections to critical race theory and anti-racist education have been especially contentious. Joshua Starr discusses how political players have used fear to spark resistance and how the resistance has left school and district leaders in a difficult bind. He recommends that district leaders look for ways to give parents more insight into what is being taught in their students’ schools, and he suggests seeking the views of parents who aren’t speaking out to get a fuller and more accurate picture.
Under the Law: The kids have lost their cookies
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: February 2022

As schools have ratcheted up their online remote instruction, questions about student privacy have become more significant. Robert Kim discusses current litigation related to the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and the use of education technology. Cases against Google have alleged that the company improperly collected student data without consent. Other cases have been brought against schools that use technology to monitor student activity at home.
Wealth: Factors That Effect African American Wealth
Authors: Hudson Crystal R. , Young John
Published: February 2022

As accumulating wealth is a vital component of financial well-being, this paper aims to gain a better understanding of why African Americans do not accumulate wealth at the same rate as other racial groups. Researchers utilize data from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to estimate the parameters of logistic regression specifications to examine the factors that determine wealth accumulation for African Americans. Researchers found that African Americans were less likely to have low wealth if they owned their own homes and more likely to have low wealth if they did not save. Saving and homeownership had more of an impact on wealth accumulation for African Americans than for White Americans. Furthermore, African Americans who did not invest in the stock market were more likely to have low wealth, as investing also had more of an effect on wealth accumulation for White Americans than for African Americans.
Keeping public officials fit. Does Mexico’s access to information and data protection state level regulator authorities provide the right training?
Authors: Silva-Robles Rigoberto , Dutton-Treviño Harold Sidney
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this work is to provide empirical evidence as to how state level Freedom of Information or Access to Information and data protection regulator bodies in Mexico carry out their training tasks. We use different theoretical assumptions, particularly those that refer to the idea of “training in the public sector” regarding two aspects that allow to account, at least in part, about the referred training practices: first, the pedagogical model they declared to use; and second, the evaluations regarding trained public officials. FOI/ATI and regulator bodies in Mexico have a legal obligation to train and carry out professional development for public officials. This responsibility associated, with performance management—along with other purposes—and to guarantee the human right to information and data privacy for individuals, is in the hands of public officials that must have not only knowledge and skills but also values and attitudes regarding this fundamental right. These public authorities have several challenges to comply with ATI and data privacy laws; some relate to responding public information requests—that is, in a timely and adequate manner—or publishing the information mandate by law. ATI regulator bodies mitigate these multi-casual issues through training or development courses. Currently, public officials are trained to comply with the law and its implementation in the best possible way. Our main finding is that the local regulator bodies overall comply with their legal training mandate. That is, they do have and carry out training programs, although in an unprofessional and potentially deficient manner.
Eco-socialism will be anti-eugenic or it will be nothing: Towards equal exchange and the end of population
Authors: Tilley Lisa , Ajl Max
Published: February 2022

In this article, we draw attention to similarities and synergies between eco-fascist and liberal forms of populationism which encourage reproductive injustices against Indigenous women and women of colour globally, increasingly in the name of climate change mitigation. Calls to intervene in the bodily and social autonomy of racialised women, at best, distract from ecological crisis and, at worst, encourage violent forms of reproductive injustice. We urge instead for an honest reckoning with the root problem of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) as the system of global extraction, which enacts environmental harm and reproductive injustice. Finally, we call for an anti-imperialist eco-socialist move towards equal exchange on a world scale to end the flow of undervalued resources from the South and to limit the contaminating activities these enable. We also stress that an anti-imperialist eco-socialism needs to be attuned to the teachings of reproductive justice movements and resistant to creeping liberal eugenicism, as much as to the overt eco-fascism which has proved so deadly in recent years.
Pulmonary functional imaging (PFI): A historical review and perspective
Authors: Bozovic Gracijela , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia M , Bankier Alexander A
Published: February 2022

PFI Pulmonary Functional Imaging (PFI) refers to visualization and measurement of ventilation, perfusion, gas flow and exchange as well as biomechanics. In this review, we will highlight the historical development of PFI, describing recent advances and listing the various techniques for PFI offered per modality. Challenges PFI is facing and requirements for PFI from a clinical point of view will be pointed out. Hereby the review is meant as an introduction to PFI.
Dichorionic quadruplet pregnancy comprising monozygotic triplets and singleton after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and transfer of two fresh embryos: a case report
Authors: Nie Ying , Qiao Xiaoyong , Li Sicong , Pan Zhuo , Zhang Jing , Xu Liangzhi
Published: February 2022

Monozygotic triplet pregnancies are very rare in assisted reproductive technology, and the relationship between monozygotic multiple pregnancies and several assisted reproductive techniques, including blastocyst transfer, remains unclear. Here, the case of a 28-year-old female patient with dichorionic quadruplet pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection and transfer of two day-3 fresh embryos, without assisted hatching, is reported. At 7 weeks following embryo transfer, the dichorionic quadruplet pregnancy, comprising monozygotic monochorionic triamniotic (MCTA) triplets plus a singleton, was detected by a transabdominal ultrasound scan. After counselling, the patient underwent selective reduction of the MCTA triplet pregnancy at 7 weeks after embryo transfer. The remaining singleton pregnancy was uneventful, resulting in a live birth at 38+ weeks. As the predictors of monozygotic multiple gestations remain poorly characterized, clinicians and patients should give great consideration to the risks associated with monozygotic multiple pregnancies, even if the patient has not undergone blastocyst transfer.
Effects of HMGA2 gene silencing on cell cycle and apoptosis in the metastatic renal carcinoma cell line ACHN
Authors: Chen Qian , Fu Qizhong , Pu Lin , Liu Xianfeng , Liu Ying
Published: February 2022

Objective

To explore the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis.

Methods

The renal carcinoma cell line ACHN was transiently transfected with small interfering RNA to knock down the expression of the HMGA2 gene. Cell cycle analysis was undertaken using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and caspase-9 were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.

Results

The mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2 were significantly higher in renal carcinoma cell lines compared with the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HKC. After HMGA2 gene-specific silencing, more cells entered the G0/G1 phase, while fewer cells entered the G2/M phase; and the cells exhibited early and late apoptosis. HMGA2 gene-specific silencing significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of E2F1, cyclin D1, CDK6 and Bcl-2; and increased the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9.

Conclusion

The HMGA2 gene may be involved in the tumorigenesis and development of renal cancer, thus inhibiting HMGA2 gene expression might provide a potential therapeutic target in the future.
Celiac disease may be rare among children in South China
Authors: Liang Cui-ping , Geng Lan-Lan , Chen Pei-Yu , Li Hui-Wen , Ren Lu , Gong Si-Tang
Published: February 2022

Objective

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies geographically and ethnically; however, the prevalence among children in South China remains unknown. We therefore determined the occurrence of CD among Chinese children in South China.

Methods

Serum samples were collected from children and assessed for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (anti-tTG-IgA) and total IgA. Anti-tTG-IgA+ participants underwent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 determination. Samples with serum total IgA <0.05 g/L were also analyzed for anti-tTG-IgG, and for HLA-DQ2/DQ8 if the values were above borderline. Participants who were anti-tTG-IgA/IgG+ and HLA-DQ2+ and/or HLA-DQ8+ underwent small bowel biopsy.

Results

A total of 8794 children were enrolled, of whom 479 had chronic unexplained abdominal symptoms. Three (0.034%) children were anti-tTG-IgA+ and ten (0.114%) had serum total IgA <0.05 g/L, all of whom were anti-tTG-IgG−. The three positive children were all HLA-DQ2+ and/or HLA-DQ8+. Two underwent gastroscopy, and histopathology of small intestinal biopsy showed duodenal villous blunting in one and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes in the other, neither consistent with a diagnosis of CD.

Conclusion

Our study showed a prevalence of CD autoimmunity of 0.034% and failed to identify any cases of CD, suggesting a low prevalence of CD among children in South China.
Participation Predicts Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults Using the PART-O Transformed Scores Systems
Authors: Sanchez-Lara Encarnacion , Lozano-Ruiz Alvaro , Rute-Perez Sandra , Saez-Sanz Noelia , Bombin Igor , Caracuel Alfonso
Published: February 2022

Participation has been shown to be a protective factor for cognition in older adults, but instruments to assess it are limited. The main objective was to determine the validity of two scoring systems (direct vs transformed) for the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O) by applying structural equation modeling to the relationship between the subscales and the cognitive functions, in a sample of 245 people over 60 years of age. The transformed scores model showed stronger relationships and larger explained variance in overall participation (55.4% vs 37.4%), especially in the Social Relations subscale (31.4% vs 14.6% ). Participation was a direct predictor of cognitive functions in both models. Age and depression inversely influenced participation in the transformed scores model. The proposed score transformation for the PART-O provides a more appropriate measurement of the older adults’ participation. Participation has a mediating role in the relationship between cognition and both age and depression.
Mg–6Zn alloys promote the healing of intestinal anastomosis via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in regulation of collagen metabolism as compared with titanium alloys
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Luyan , Zhang Xiaonong , Zhang Shaoxiang , Yan Jun
Published: February 2022

There is a great clinical need for biodegradable materials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium alloy stapler nails on intestinal anastomosis healing mediated via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, as reflected in collagen metabolism in rabbits. Side-to-side ileo-ileostomy was performed with linear stapler loaded with the two nails. The results showed that no obvious postoperative complications such as abdominal infection and anastomotic leakage were observed. General observation and scanning electron microscope showed that Mg–6Zn alloy nails remained intact in the first week, degraded significantly in the second week, and were little left in the third week, while the titanium alloy nails showed intact substrate throughout the experimental period. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of TGF-β1 in Mg–6Zn alloy group was higher than that in titanium alloy group after 1 week, but it increased slowly, arrived at a lower level in the third week. Collagen I showed an increased expression in Mg–6Zn alloy group, but decreased with time in titanium alloy group. An enhanced expression of collagen III in Mg–6Zn alloy group in the first week but much lower in the third week as compared to the titanium alloy group. The expression of smad2 in Mg–6Zn alloy group maintained a steady level, while in titanium alloy group it showed a general upward trend. The expression of smad3 in both groups held steady after 2 weeks, then in the third week, it showed a strong uptrend in Mg–6Zn alloy group, while decreased immediately in titanium alloy group. Our findings suggest that Mg–6Zn alloy nails degraded significantly within 3 weeks and could provide stability of intestinal anastomosis in the reconstruction of intestinal tract. TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may play a role in regulation of baseline collagen synthesis throughout the process.
Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ganson Kyle T. , Jackson Dylan B. , Testa Alexander , Nagata Jason M.
Published: February 2022

Research has shown that performance-enhancing substance (PES) use, including anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), is associated with interpersonal violence (e.g., fighting). This study aimed to determine whether legal PES use and AAS use are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) involvement cross-sectionally and over seven-year follow-up in a nationally representative prospective cohort study. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,288) were analyzed (2021). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between legal PES use and AAS use at Wave III (2001–2002; ages 18–26) and IPV victimization (five variables) and IPV perpetration (five variables) at Wave III and Wave IV (2008–2009; ages 24–32), adjusting for relevant demographic and confounding variables. Results from cross-sectional analyses showed that legal PES use and AAS use were associated with higher odds of both any IPV victimization and sexual IPV victimization, and both any IPV perpetration and physical IPV perpetration by pushing or shoving a partner. Results from prospective analyses showed that AAS use, but not legal PES use, was associated with higher odds of all five IPV victimization variables (any IPV victimization: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.04–2.84; two forms of physical abuse: 1: AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50; 2: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.06–4.21; incurring an injury from IPV victimization: AOR 4.90, 95% CI 1.71–14.01; and sexual IPV victimization AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.05–5.65), as well as three IPV perpetration variables (any IPV perpetration: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 105–4.23; one form of physical abuse perpetration: AOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.06–6.27; and sexual IPV perpetration: AOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.44–10.02). These results emphasize the adverse social and interpersonal risks associated with PES use. Continued research, health care, and public health prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the use of PES and occurrence of IPV are warranted.
Capital of the 21st Century: From the Proletariat and Bourgeoisie to the Precariat and the Oligarchic-Bureaucratic Nomenklatura?
Authors: Buzgalin Aleksandr
Published: February 2022

The article presents the research on the social and class structure of modern society from the positions of the Post-Soviet School of Critical Marxism. It is shown that late capitalism is characterised by the active formation of inter-class and intra-class layers. The article reveals the contradictions of the ‘creative class’. The ‘creative class’ is divided into (1) the people who are employed in the creatosphere and give rise to the phenomena of culture and the creative qualities of human beings and (2) those who ‘creatively’ produce useless goods. Then it is further divided into people employed in the (1) public and (2) commercial sectors. The author introduces the term ‘the socialiat’ to characterise the public-sector workers who comprise a protoclass within the creative class, shows the core and periphery of it, and provide the analysis of the precariat as the alter ego of the socialiat.
The advance of research on constitutive model used in finite element simulation of metal cutting
Authors: Sun Yong , Li Guohe , He Zhen , Kong Xiangcheng
Published: February 2022

Finite element simulation has become one of the research methods of metal cutting, and the constitutive model plays a decisive role in the modelling. Metal cutting has the characteristics of “three high”, namely large strain, high strain rate, and high temperature compared with other deformation process. An accurate constitutive model that can be used in the finite element simulation of metal cutting is difficult to obtain because the limitation of mechanical experiment. Therefore, the research of constitutive models used in the finite element simulation of metal cutting is summarized in this paper. Several typical constitutive models and their corrections are introduced firstly. Secondly, the main methods to obtain the constitutive parameters are introduced, and the problems of the methods are pointed out. Thirdly, some finite element simulations of serrated chip based on the constitutive models which modified by thermal softening, etc. are given, and the works on the research of the influence of model parameters are summarized. Fourthly, the constitutive parameters of several common materials are collected. The differences of them are shown and the reasons are analyzed. Finally, the problems in current research are analyzed and the directions of future development are pointed out. It can encourage the development of finite element simulation of metal cutting, especially for the simulation of serrated chip produced in high-speed cutting.
Review on electromyography based intention for upper limb control using pattern recognition for human-machine interaction
Authors: Asghar Ali , Jawaid Khan Saad , Azim Fahad , Shakeel Choudhary Sobhan , Hussain Amatullah , Niazi Imran Khan
Published: February 2022

Upper limb myoelectric prosthetic control is an essential topic in the field of rehabilitation. The technique controls prostheses using surface electromyogram (sEMG) and intramuscular EMG (iEMG) signals. EMG signals are extensively used in controlling prosthetic upper and lower limbs, virtual reality entertainment, and human-machine interface (HMI). EMG signals are vital parameters for machine learning and deep learning algorithms and help to give an insight into the human brain’s function and mechanisms. Pattern recognition techniques pertaining to support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Bayesian classifiers have been utilized to classify EMG signals. This paper presents a review on current EMG signal techniques, including electrode array utilization, signal acquisition, signal preprocessing and post-processing, feature selection and extraction, data dimensionality reduction, classification, and ultimate application to the community. The paper also discusses using alternatives to EMG signals, such as force sensors, to measure muscle activity with reliable results. Future implications for EMG classification include employing deep learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) for achieving robust results.
Detection of Turner syndrome using hand X-ray using anchor based links segmentation method
Authors: Ramachandran R , Gobalakrishnan N , Chokkalingam Arun
Published: February 2022

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder, wherein the female’s growth is impacted. Immature ovaries, low stature, and heart abnormalities are a range of developmental and medical issues due to TS. The condition of TS might be detected prior to birth, throughout infancy or in the early years of life. The diagnosis of TS in girls with modest symptoms and indications is sometimes deferred until they reach adolescence or become young adults. This study presents an algorithm to segment the hand digital X-ray image in children with TS. In medical image and computer vision examination, image segmentation is demanding, and very crucial. Prevailing segmentation algorithms even now suffer from common segmentation issues including under-segmentation, over-segmentation, and spurious or non-closed edges, regardless of the several years of studies. In this paper, Anchor Based Link (ABL) segmentation approach is proposed to detect TS based on fourth Metacarpal bone from left hand X-ray images. The detection of TS is demonstrated based upon the comparison of proposed approach with existing watershed segmentation and Gaussian-Mixture-Model-based Hidden-Markov-Random-Field (GMM-HMRF) method. The proposed approach attains better segmentation based on the ratio of height and width of left fourth finger that is analyzed for normal children and children having TS with the help of edge pixel present in the metacarpal bone that has been segmented. The suggested method is verified on fifty (50) sample X-ray hand images of carpal bones, providing 0.60 ± 0.02 as an average Dice coefficient.
Thermo-fluid performance enhancement of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger by rectangular winglets
Authors: Sarangi Shailesh K , Mishra Dipti P
Published: February 2022

In this study, numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the influence of rectangular winglets as Vortex generators for enhancement of thermo-fluid performance in a fin-and-tube type heat exchanger having five staggered rows of tubes. The influence of placement of winglets over different pair of tubes, attack angles of the winglet pair, and their location has been examined under laminar flow conditions for Re ranging 400–1500. For the present analysis rectangular winglet pairs having “common-flow-up” orientation were employed for vortex generation. The effect of placement of different number of rectangular winglet pairs (1–5) has been investigated and the maximum enhancement in thermo-fluid performance was obtained as 27.4% compared to the baseline model (without winglet model). The winglets attack angle (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) were also investigated for best thermo-fluid performance and the optimum attack angle resulted in enhancement up to 33% over the baseline model. The optimum stream-wise and span-wise locations were identified which resulted in enhancement up to 29% and 25%, respectively, over the baseline model. Correlations for the prediction of Nusselt number, friction factor, and enhancement factor have been developed for stream-wise distance, span-wise distance, and attack angle of the winglets.
Adaptions in subsistence strategy to environment changes across the Younger Dryas - Early Holocene boundary at Körtiktepe, Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Emra Stephanie , Benz Marion , Siddiq Abu B , Özkaya Vecihi
Published: February 2022

The site of Körtiktepe in southeastern Turkey is one of few sites in the Upper Mesopotamia basin that attests continuous, permanent occupation across the boundary from end of the colder, drier Younger Dryas (YD) into the comparatively wetter and warmer Early Holocene (EH). This allows for the study of the degree of environmental change experienced on a local level over this boundary as well as for the study of the adaptations that the occupants of the site undertook in response to these changes. The mammal assemblage of Körtiktepe remains relatively stable across the YD – EH transition with the main contributors to diet being mouflon ( Ovis orientalis) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus) in approximately the same quantities, although the contribution of aurochs ( Bos primigenius) increases in the EH. The most significant changes can be seen in the shift in avifauna remains, with a sharp increase of waterbirds during the EH. It is proposed that these shifts reflect changes in the local environment with an increase in woodland cover as well as expansion of local waterways, which is generally consistent with previously published archaeobotanical studies. In terms of species exploited, mortality profiles as well as size distribution of mammals, a great deal of continuity is observed. This suggests that over this particular period the local impact of the beginning of the Early Holocene was not overly dramatic, allowing for cultural continuity of previously established subsistence strategies.
Development, characterization, and parametric analysis of dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy-short betel nut fiber composite using response surface method and neural computation
Authors: Choudhary Purushottam Kumar , Nanda Bishnu Prasad , Satapathy Alok
Published: February 2022

This work reports on the mechanical and wear performance of epoxy composite reinforced with short betel nut fiber (SBF). Composite samples with different weight percentages (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) of fiber content are fabricated through hand lay-up route. Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strengths are evaluated by conducting tests as per appropriate ASTM standards. Sliding wear tests are performed on a pin-on-disc test apparatus as per ASTM G99 standard. A non-linear regression model is developed in accordance with face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). An artificial neural network (ANN) approach is applied to predict the wear rate of the composite and compared with the RSM predicted results. It is found that with the incorporation of short betel nut fiber both tensile and flexural strength of the composite shows an increasing trend. It is also observed that reinforcement of short betel nut fiber enhances the wear performance of epoxy. Surface morphologies of the worn samples have been studied to analyze the wear mechanism of the composite samples.
Differential equation model of shape memory alloy spring and its application in heat engines
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Lin-Xiang
Published: February 2022

In order to use low-grade thermal sources more efficiently, different types of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) heat engines have been proposed and studied, but the lack of a robust constitutive model is still an open issue. In the current paper, the SMA spring model is constructed by combining the mechanical spring theory and the SMA differential equation model. This model can describe the characteristics of SMA springs well, so it is used for SMA heat engine modeling. The state of the SMA heat engine under different loads is calculated, and the output of the SMA heat engine can also be calculated and compared with its experimental value. The calculated rotation speed and output power of the SMA heat engine are in good agreement with the experimental values, which illustrates the superiority of the proposed model and provides a method for the simulation, design, and optimization of the SMA heat engine.
Born of Woman, Born Under the Law: A Theological Exegesis of Galatians 4:4
Authors: Greene-McCreight Kathryn
Published: February 2022

Galatians 4:4 has a rich exegetical career, touching on the eternal decision of the Father in the divine sending of the Son; the pre-existent Christ; Mary's role in Christ's humanity and ethnicity; the one church of Jews and Gentiles.
Endobronchial Primary Pulmonary Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma in a Patient with Testicular Germ Cell Tumor: An Evidence Against Somatic Transformation
Authors: Çetin Mehmet , Katipoglu Kubra , Türk İlteriş , Özkara Şeref , Kosemehmetoglu Kemal , Bıçakçıoğlu Pınar
Published: February 2022

Primary Pulmonary Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma is a recently described soft tissue tumor with challenging differential diagnosis both clinically and pathologically due to its rarity in this location. It may also occur as a secondary malignancy and its occurrence either as a somatic malignancy arising in the germ cell tumor or as a secondary malignancy after chemotherapy is questionable. In this report, we present a 29-year-old male patient with a mass in the lower lobe of the left lung, who underwent orchiectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy due to a mixed germ cell tumor 8 years ago. Morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular findings were consistent with the diagnosis of primary pulmonary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was unable to demonstrate the presence of 12p amplification or isochromosome 12p, which is known as the key event in the development of testicular germ cell neoplasia even present in somatic malignancies arising in germ cell tumors. Our results support that angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma arising as a secondary malignancy does not represent the somatic transformation of germ cell tumors.
Dose dependent slurred speech and laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia due to oxaliplatin
Authors: Varghese Diana , Castelino Renita , Simha Vijay , Krishnamurthy Manjunath Nookala , Gota Vikram
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Oxaliplatin is a platinum containing alkylating agent commonly used in the management of colorectal cancers. The most common dose-limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is peripheral neuropathy, which can be severe enough to cause treatment discontinuation. We present a case of dysarthria and laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia (LPD) that developed during the first dose of oxaliplatin, which showed dose-dependent reduction in severity in subsequent cycles.

Case report

A 52-year-old female patient with adenocarcinoma of rectum (pT4N2M0) was prescribed oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) and capecitabine(2000mg/m2). She developed heaviness in the tongue, slurred speech, jaw pain, perioral paresthesia within 30 min after the end of 3 h infusion of oxaliplatin in the first cycle. The symptoms subsided without any sequelae in two days. However, in the subsequent cycles as the dose of the oxaliplatin was reduced, similar symptoms reappeared but were of reduced in severity. No dysesthesia symptoms were observed in the 4th cycle when the oxaliplatin was administered at 85 mg/m2.

Management and outcome

As and when the patient developed symptoms – slurred speech, jaw pain during the first three cycles, she was managed with inj. Hydrocortisone (100 mg i.v.) and one ampoule of pheniramine (45 mg i.v.).

Discussion

Occurrence of laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia due to oxaliplatin does not warrant drug withdrawal, dose titration can be helpful, thereby preventing the drug withdrawal for the patient management.