bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION WASTE AT CIMENTENG TPA SUKABUMI DISTRICT
Authors: Hariyadi Barlian , Purwanti Dian , Basori Yana Fajar FY
Published: April 2024

This research is entitled "Implementation of Waste Management Policy at TPA Cimenteng, Sukabumi Regency". The purpose of this study is to find out what the implementation of waste management policies is like at the Cimenteng TPA, Sukabumi Regency and the inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The informants in this study were the Sukabumi Regency Housing and Settlement Office, the Head of TPA Cimenteng, and the community in the TPA Cimenteng environment. The validity of the data in this study used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and member checking methods. The results of this study indicate that waste management at Cimenteng TPA has been running but has not fully run optimally, this is shown by mountains of garbage that are not managed properly, tools that are often damaged, this clearly disrupts activities at Cimenteng TPA, for the inhibiting factor is . The lack of budget for Cimenteng TPA so as to repair or rejuvenate existing equipment at Cimenteng TPA has caused waste management at Cimenteng TPA to not run optimally. In addition, in 2019 Indonesia was hit by the Covid outbreak, the government finally cut the budget for handling Covid. The lack of budget for Cimenteng TPA so as to repair or rejuvenate existing equipment at Cimenteng TPA has caused waste management at Cimenteng TPA to not run optimally. In addition, in 2019 Indonesia was hit by the Covid outbreak, the government finally cut the budget for handling Covid. The lack of budget for Cimenteng TPA so as to repair or rejuvenate existing equipment at Cimenteng TPA has caused waste management at Cimenteng TPA to not run optimally. In addition, in 2019 Indonesia was hit by the Covid outbreak, the government finally cut the budget for handling Covid.
ACESSO DE PRIMEIRO CONTATO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: UM ATRIBUTO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gallo Farias Oliveira Larayne , Aparecida Fracolli Lislaine , Almeida Pina-Oliveira Alfredo , De Fátima Pinho Lins Gryschek Anna Luiza , Campos de Lima Castro Denise Maria , Silva Campos Daniela , Aparecida da Silva Leticia , Cristina Geraldo Daniela
Published: April 2024

Introdução: O Acesso de Primeiro Contato é um dos atributos essenciais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças, tratamento de condições agudas e gerenciamento de condições crônicas. Objetivos: Este artigo explora a importância do Acesso de Primeiro Contato na APS, destacando seus benefícios para os indivíduos e para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, bibliográfica e não sistemática, que buscou abordar as principais estratégias para melhorar o Acesso de Primeiro Contato. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para a ampliação do horário de funcionamento, a implantação de sistemas de triagem, o uso de tecnologias, o fortalecimento de equipes multidisciplinares, estratégias de educação em saúde e programas de agendamento. Considerações Finais: Estas estratégias mostram-se como peças-chave para a construção de um sistema de saúde mais eficiente, acessível e centrado no usuário. Ao continuar investindo nesses esforços, o SUS poderá alcançar uma APS mais robusta e contribuir para a promoção da saúde e o bem-estar de toda a população.
Development of a simulation model to carry out technical-economic analysis of a food waste valorization process.
Authors: Preite Luca , Tancredi Giovanni Paolo Carlo , Paini Arianna , Vignali Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Worldwide interest in food waste has been grown over the years. According to the FAO about one third of all food produced for human consumption in the world is lost or wasted each year, amounting to about 1,6 billion tons per year. Food waste can become a source of valuable compounds which may be used as ingredients in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, or food products. This study aims to evaluate the use of a process simulation software, specifically SuperPro Designer®, to carry out a technical-economic analysis of an orange waste valorization process. Specifically, the extraction of free sugars, essential oils, antioxidant phenolic compounds and pectin were digitally replicated by reproducing the corresponding material and energy balances. An economic and environmental assessment were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the biorefinery modeled. The amount of orange peel processed, utilities and raw material costs were identified as significant parameters in the analyses performed. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the profitability patterns under different operating conditions. Meanwhile, the aim of the environmental assessment is to define a disposal inventory, which is the starting point for a life cycle assessment. As a result, SuperPro Designer® can be a valuable tool in the designing and optimizing food waste treatment systems, providing detailed descriptions of the process performance, and enabling cost-effective and sustainable waste management practices. Indeed, the simulation accurately reproduced all the steps involved, identifying the total investment and the related economic parameters, as well as the outputs and the resulting disposal inventory.
Recycling of potential hazardous Stone Wool into a non-hazardous New Stone Wool
Authors: Sattler Theresa , Doschek-Held Klaus , Krammer Anna , Pomberger Roland , Vollprecht Daniel
Published: April 2024

Mineral wool products are man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs), such as glass wool and stone wool, mainly used for thermal and acoustic insulation. Demolition of buildings generates mineral wool (MW) waste. With regard to the intended recycling of materials, the European Union's circular economy package currently foresees a landfill ban for certain waste streams by 2030. As a result, Austria will have a landfill ban for MMVFs from 2027. This paper presents an investigated route for the recycling of MW waste into new mineral wool (wool2wool). The recycling route aims to conserve valuable and limited landfill volume and enables the reduction of primary resource consumption and CO2 emissions. The investigation was based on pH-dependent leaching tests of the fibres according to ÖNORM EN 14429 and hydrogeochemical modelling using LeachXS/Orchestra to identify the solubility-controlling mechanisms. The next step was a thermochemical treatment using correction materials to adjust the chemical composition, followed by rapid cooling through a spinning process. Another focus was on the theoretical determination of the dynamic viscosity to ensure suitable flow behaviour during fibre production. The chemical composition of the mineral wool produced was analysed, and it was shown that the target formulation could not be achieved for all elements within the permitted variation. The variations were due to the dissolution of the kiln lining, which had a more significant influence on the experiment than expected. Overall, the recycling pathway showed a high potential for CO2 savings, resource savings and other environmental benefits by recycling waste that is currently landfilled.
BEHAVIOR OF LANDFILLED STABILIZED FLY ASH TREATED BY DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS FOR THE PAST 27 YEARS
Authors: Tan Jamie Mae Chee , Saffarzadeh Amirhomayoun , Shimaoka Takayuki
Published: April 2024

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) contains toxic substances and hence, direct landfilling of MSWI FA is prohibited in Japan Complying with Japan's stringent Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law, which demands adherence to landfill disposal and effluent standards, is crucial for ensuring environmental safety. To address the issue, various treatment methods including treatment by chemical, phosphoric acid, and melting and solidification can be used to stabilize the MSWI FA through the immobilization of heavy metals. However, the long-term stability of these treatment methods has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these three treatment methods for MSWI FA respectively, both independently and in conjunction with compost. This study involves the monitoring of changes in the concentration of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total-chromium (T-Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), that have been leached over a period of 27 years. This study aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the impact of various treatment methods on the concentration levels of these individual heavy metals. Notably, the results suggest that independently, phosphoric acid treatment outperforms chelate treatment in the long run, but when combined with compost, both treatments exhibit enhanced efficacy, suggesting a promising approach for immobilizing heavy metals.
Heavy metal accumulation on microplastics in compost - The role of biofilm
Authors: S. Dilraj , Johnson Ebin , T.S. Anantha Singh , Varghese George , Zafiu Christian
Published: April 2024

Microplastics, small plastic pieces ( microplastics washed with distilled water > compost free from microplastics > chemically separated microplastic > new macro-plastic, with some exceptions. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher in samples from Kochi, due to a larger bio-film formation on the plastics as determined by TOC and SEM analyses. The findings of the study highlight the importance of source segregation and prevention of mixing organic waste with plastic waste in MSW, to avoid heavy metal transport in terrestrial environment through microplastics.
The Effect of Nano-Hydrated Lime on the Durability of Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Aljbouri Rawaa Q. , Albayati Amjad Khalil
Published: April 2024

Premature failure in asphalt concrete pavement has been the main concern for pavement construction companies and engineers in recent years because of the large rise in traffic volume and loads and the temperature extremes in the summer and winter. The use of modifiers in asphalt concrete mixtures has attracted much attention to increase the performance and lifespan of pavements. As nanotechnology developed, several researchers concentrated on how these materials can help increase pavement serviceability by minimizing rutting and moisture damage. This study evaluates the Hydrated Lime (HL) effect by two methods (wet and dry hydrated lime) on the durability of the warm mix asphalt. The first method, HL, has been supplemented to the asphalt binder with three ratios (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) by weight of asphalt (Wet HL). Then, the second method was added via the aggregate weight as a replacement filler using three percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) (Dry HL). The mechanical qualities, including Marshall Mix design, moisture susceptibility, and permanent deformation, were evaluated through experimental tests. Results showed that the mechanical characteristics and the fineness of the HL particle sizes are positively correlated.
Optimization and Simulation Parameters of the Resistance Spot Welding for Commercial Aluminium (AA1050) at Low Power Welding Machine
Authors: Safi Safi R. , Tolephih Moneer H. , Jweeg Muhsin J.
Published: April 2024

This study aims to find the best conditions of resistance spot welding in commercial Aluminium AA1050 to obtain the maximum tensile shear strength of the joint using a low-power supply welding machine. The chosen parameters for this study were welding current, welding time, and electrode force using a 90 kVA welding machine. The investigation used the DoE method with Taguchi’s technique to reduce the number of experiments where two sheet thicknesses (1 mm and 2 mm) were used in this work. The software program Minitab 18 analyzed the results using the main effects plots and the interaction plots to identify the most significant parameters and their effect on the joint strength. The best conditions for maximum tensile shear force were 14.85 kA welding current and 0.79 kN electrode force for both thicknesses and two cycles and 12 cycles welding time for 1 mm and 2 mm sheet thickness, respectively. The maximum tensile strength obtained was 250 N and 225 N for 1mm and 2mm sheet thickness, respectively. A mathematical equation was developed to predict the shear force with 19.9 % and 17.9 % error for 1 mm and 2 mm thicknesses, respectively. The best conditions were applied in ANSYS 2022R1 multi-physics to obtain the temperature distribution with time history, where the result shows the nugget size according to the molten temperature. The percentage of discrepancy between actual and numerical nugget size was 8 %.
Progress in Understanding North American Monsoon Using a Climate Model
Authors: Erfani Ehsan , Mitchell David
Published: April 2024

The North American Monsoon is a seasonal shift in the large-scale circulation that supplies 60-80% of annual rainfall in northwestern Mexico and 30-40% in the US southwest. Regional climate models have shown that summer precipitation prediction over North America is the poorest in the Monsoon region. Most climate models do not account for a crucial mechanism of Monsoon: the boundary layer inversion over the Gulf of California controls the low-level moisture transport. To investigate this mechanism, a set of carefully designed simulations of a regional climate model is used to investigate the dependence of Monsoon precipitation on sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf. The results are consistent with enhanced observations from a field campaign and show that warmer Gulf SSTs tend to weaken boundary layer inversion and enhance low-level moisture flux, and as a result, more Monsoon precipitation occurs. This highlights the necessity for climate models to implement the mentioned mechanism.
Modified Reversible Radix-n Machine Computations with Novel N-state Carry Functions
Authors: Lablans Peter
Published: April 2024

Machine Cryptography uses digital circuitry that performs operations described as modulo-n additions (as in SHA-256 and ChaCha20) and additions over GF(2^k) (as in AES-GCM and many other protocols). These additions are well documented and are used to ‘mix’ data. By themselves these operations provide no additional security. The security is provided by unknown or secret data “a key” that is mixed with what is called “cleartext” to generate “ciphertext.”              Sets of data, like multiple bytes, are treated in this article as a radix-n words of n-state elements.  A key-word of k n-state elements and a “cleartext” word of k n-state elements are added radix-n resulting in a “ciphertext” word of k n-state elements. Canonical forms of n-state carry functions for reversible modulo-n additions and additions over GF(n) are provided. This modified and preferably secret radix-n addition increases security in an unpredictable way.              The radix-n modifications are applied in known cryptography such as AES-GCM, ChaCha20 and SHA-256. This improves the security and appears to be resistant against quantum computer (QC) attacks.
The effects of linear order in category learning: Some replications of Ramscar et al., (2010) and their implications for replicating training studies
Authors: Viviani Eva , Ramscar Michael , Wonnacott Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Ramscar, Yarlett, Dye, Denny and Thorpe (2010) showed how, consis- tent with the predictions of error-driven learning models, the order in which stimuli are presented in training can affect category learning. Specifically, learners exposed to artificial language input where objects preceded their labels learned the discriminating features of categories better than learners exposed to input where labels preceded objects. We sought to replicate this finding in two online experiments employing the same tests used originally: A four pictures test (match a label to one of four pictures) and a four labels test (match a picture to one of four labels). In our study, only findings from the four pictures test were consistent with the original result. Additionally, the effect sizes observed were smaller, and participants over-generalized high- frequency category labels more than in the original study. We suggest that although Ramscar et al. [2010] feature-label order predictions were derived from error-driven learning, they failed to consider that this mechanism also predicts that perfomance in any training paradigm must inevitably be influ- enced by participant prior experience. We consider our findings in light of these factors, and discuss implications for the generalizability and replication of training studies.
Distinctive verbal cues support the learning of tool-use actions in 18- and 24-month-olds
Authors: Trouillet Léonie , Bothe Ricarda , Mani Nivedita , Elsner Birgit
Published: April 2024

To support imitative learning, adult models often use language to accompany an action demonstration. In light of the mixed evidence on the effect of verbal cues on imitative learning, we investigated the influence of the semantic content of verbal information on 18- and 24-month-olds’ imitative learning. The toddlers (n = 132) observed two tool-use actions on a box, accompanied by verbal input that either did not differentiate between the tools and actions (unspecific condition), or contained pseudo-words for the tools plus either meaningful verbs (meaningful-verb condition, Experiment 1) or pseudo-verbs for the actions (pseudo-verb condition, Experiment 2). At test, toddlers in both the meaningful-verb and pseudo-verb conditions performed more correct first tool-use actions than in the unspecific condition, with no difference between the two age groups or between the meaningful-verb and pseudo-verb conditions. Action learning was thus stronger supported through the presence of distinctive verbal labels for tools and actions rather than through the action labels’ semantic meaning.
Rapid and sustained reduction of treatment-resistant PTSD symptoms after intravenous ketamine in a real-world, psychedelic paradigm
Authors: MacConnel Henry A. , Earleywine Mitchell , Radowitz Steven
Published: April 2024

Background: Traditional treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often show limited success with high dropout. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist known for rapid antidepressant effects, has decreased PTSD symptoms in some studies but not others. Administering ketamine in ways that parallel psychedelic-assisted treatments—including preparatory, integration, sensory immersion, and psychotherapy sessions—could decrease PTSD symptoms meaningfully.Methods: A sample of 117 screened outpatients with elevated PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) scores received intravenous ketamine in supportive environments. The protocol included preparation, intention-setting, and integration sessions accompanying at least six administrations. Administration sessions included eye shades and evocative music paralleling typical psychedelic therapy trials.Results: Mean PCL scores decreased from 52.54 (SD = 12.01) to 28.78 (SD = 16.61), d = 1.64. Patients tolerated treatment well, with no serious adverse events. Covariates, including age, gender, days between PCL assessments, number of psychiatric medications, and suicidal ideation were not significant moderators; concomitant psychotherapy did reach significance, d = 0.51. Of the 117 patients’ final PCL scores, 88 (75.21%) measures suggested clinically meaningful improvement and 72 (61.54%) suggested remission of PTSD symptoms.Conclusion: Intravenous ketamine in supportive environments, with hallmarks of psychedelic therapy, preceded large reductions in PTSD symptoms. These results highlight ketamine’s potential when delivered in this manner, suggesting environmental factors might account for some variation seen in previous work. Given the molecule’s cost, minimal interaction with other psychiatric medications, and legal status, intravenous ketamine in a psychedelic paradigm may be a promising option for PTSD unresponsive to other treatments.
How Can Debiasing Research Aid Efforts to Reduce Discrimination?
Authors: Axt Jordan , To Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

Understanding and reducing intergroup discrimination is at the forefront of psychological research. However, efforts to find flexible, scalable, and durable interventions to reduce discrimination have produced only mixed results. In this review, we highlight one potential avenue for developing new strategies for addressing discrimination: adapting prior research on debiasing—the process of lessening bias in judgment errors (e.g., motivated reasoning, overconfidence, the anchoring heuristic). We first introduce a taxonomy for understanding intervention strategies that are common in the debiasing literature, then highlight existing approaches that have already proven successful for decreasing intergroup discrimination. Finally, we draw attention to promising debiasing interventions that have not yet been applied to the context of discrimination. A greater understanding of prior efforts to mitigate judgment biases more generally can expand efforts to reduce discrimination.
Implicit Ideologies: Do Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Predict Implicit Attitudes?
Authors: Reid Jesse , Inbar Yoel
Published: April 2024

Many social and political attitudes, beliefs and behaviours can be predicted by Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; a preference for authority and tradition) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; a preference for social hierarchies and inequality). These two constructs have predominantly been studied in the context of self-reported (explicit) attitudes, so the usefulness of RWA and SDO to predict individuals’ implicit attitudes remains relatively unclear and understudied. The current research examines a large dataset collected as part of Project Implicit to test the predictive power of RWA and SDO for implicit and explicit attitudes toward topics relating to authority, tradition and hierarchies (i.e., concepts most relevant to RWA and SDO). The findings of the current study suggest that RWA and SDO are in fact predictive of some implicit attitudes that are in line with the RWA and SDO ideologies, as well as most corresponding explicit attitudes.
Selfless Minds, Unlimited Bodies? Homeostatic Bodily Self-Regulation in Meditative Experiences
Authors: Ciaunica Anna
Published: April 2024

Humans are self-organising biological systems whose bodies constantly perform the humble yet essential, basic task of keeping track of self-related information processing to secure survival. Deep contemplative states such as meditation alter the subjective experience of being a self distinct from the world and other to a point that the individual may report ‘selfless’ states and body boundaries dissolution. But in which sense the ‘self’ is really lost during these radical experiences? In this paper I focus on somatosensory attenuation of bodily signals as a core mechanism underlying the phenomenon of ‘losing’ one’s sense of self in meditation. Specifically, I argue that somatosensory attenuation of bodily signals does not make the bodily self ‘disappear’ experientially. Rather, during the subjectively reported phenomena of ‘self-loss’, bodily sensory signals are self-attenuated, physiologically, and experientially processed in the background. Hence the term ‘losing’ the self or ‘selfless’ states may be misleading in describing these peculiar types of experiences reported during deep meditative states. What is ‘lost’, I claim, is a particular, ordinary way to explicitly, mentally model oneself in relation to the body and the world. Yet, the experience of being a living body, i.e. a self-organising organism is never ‘lost’ in this process. Rather it gets somatosensorily attenuated and tacitly experienced in the background, very much present and hence alive. Enhanced connectedness with one’s body may lead to feelings of ‘oceanic boundlessness’, a feeling that I propose to call here ‘unlimited body’. The proposal is that the explicit feeling of selfless minds may be tacitly accompanied by the implicit feeling of unlimited body, as two sides of the same coin. To put it provocatively: the only and unique occasion when one truly loses one’s self is when one’s body becomes a corpse (i.e. death).
Childhood adversity is not associated with lowered inhibition, but slower perceptual processing: A Drift Diffusion Model analysis
Authors: Vermeent Stefan , Young Ethan Scott , van Gelder Jean-Louis , Frankenhuis Willem
Published: April 2024

It is well-established that individuals who grew up in adverse conditions tend to be slower on the Flanker Task. This finding is typically interpreted to reflect difficulty inhibiting distractions. However, it might result from slower general cognitive processes (e.g., reduced general processing speed), rather than the specific ability of inhibition. We used Drift Diffusion Modeling in three online studies (total N = 1560) with young adults to understand associations of adversity with Flanker performance. We find no associations between exposure to violence and unpredictability with inhibition. Yet, although mixed, violence and unpredictability exposure were associated with lower strength of perceptual input–—how well someone can process target and distractor information alike. Finally, people with lower strength of perceptual input processed information more holistically, focusing less on details. Thus, lowered Flanker performance does not necessarily imply lowered inhibition ability. Cognitive modeling reveals a different picture of abilities in adverse conditions as opposed to analyses based on raw performance.
Health Workforce Reallocation in the Aftermath of Conflict: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Mora Claudio , Prem Mounu , Rodriguez-Lesmes Paul , Vargas Juan F.
Published: April 2024

While a large literature has studied the effects of violent conflict on health outcomes, littleis known about how violence reduction can affect a key driver of post-conflict recovery,namely the quantity and skills composition of healthcare workers. By leveraging a permanent ceasefire that ended over five decades of armed conflict between the Colombiangovernment and the FARC insurgency, we study the extent to which conflict terminationaffected the share of different types of health workers in areas more exposed to FARC violence relative to other places. Based on administrative records on the location of all formalhealthcare workers in Colombia and using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find thata municipality that experienced one standard deviation higher FARC violence intensity relative to the rest of the country witnessed 13.4% post-ceasefire differential decrease in theshare of employed healthcare workers per 1,000 people. We find a stronger decrease amongvocational nurses and a weaker decrease among physicians. We show that this effect islikely explained by lifting mobility restrictions in previously violent areas, and documentthat, because the net reduction in healthcare workers increased the within-municipalityshare of (more productive) physicians, it did not translate into a deterioration of mortalityrates or healthcare service provision.
Characteristics of lithic artifact weathering at the Semizbugu surface site complex in semi-arid Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Coco Emily , Schmidt Patrick , Hu Bin , Rodriguez Alice , Mamirov Talgat B. , Bromage Timothy G. , Iovita Radu
Published: April 2024

Rock surface alterations due to weathering have often been used by archaeologists for creating chronologies, studying climatic conditions, and authenticating artifacts. Rock surface alterations are also important for identifying recycled artifacts through the presence of “double patina.” In the surface archaeological deposits at Semizbugu (Saryarqa, Kazakhstan), rock surface weathering stages are used to chronologically categorize stone tool artifacts based on perceived associations between weathering characteristics and typology. Despite a long history of studying rock surface weathering in geological sciences, the formation of rock coatings on stone tool artifacts is a largely misunderstood process due to its complexity and multi-factored formation process. Given the consistent use of one raw material at Semizbugu, we test for differences in rock coating morphologies, elemental composition, and surface roughness between macroscopically identified weathering stages. Based on our analyses, we identify multiple processes involved in artifact weathering at Semizbugu. We suggest that artifacts at Semizbugu may be relatively chronologically ordered based on a combined assessment of decreased surface roughness and increased surface pitting, both of which are likely related to degree of wind abrasion and dissolution of the artifact surface. We also recommend against using rock varnish color for chronological assessment of artifacts at Semizbugu given the destructive effects of abrasion and the irregularities of varnish formation in semi-arid contexts. Additionally, we suggest this model be validated with rock surface exposure dating via optically stimulated luminescence (OSL-surf). Furthermore, rock surface exposure OSL dating could give us insight into the time-depth between use and recycling events in a more meaningful way than trying to compare differential artifact surface weathering across “double patina.”
The Biogas Industry’s Evolution - from Historical Oversight to Future Energy Pillar
Authors: Constantin Tea
Published: April 2024

This work provides an ecosystem analysis of the past, present, and future of the biogas industry, from its environmental implications, to market dynamics, and future market expansion prospects. It is structured in four main sections: context, historical roots, market transitions, and future growth.Context presents climate implications of waste-related emissions, introduces biogas as a potent solution, and dives into the present-day favourable market ecosystem for this industry.Historical Roots highlights early drivers and policy instruments that favoured the industry’s nascence, however, also shaped its development in a way that later hindered growth. Market Transitions dives into the industrialization of biogas, detailing key factors that stimulated a transition to market-based approaches. Previously unidentified barriers for non-fossil-fuel industry players are presented. It then outlines recent global events’ favourable influence on stimulating increased attention to this sector.Future Growth delves into the expanded valorization routes for the inputs and outputs of biogas, alongside the mandates that will stimulate exponential demand for this sector’s future. In this, we conclude with how biogas can provide a cost competitive pathway to hydrogen when compared to the electrolysis pathway, which is currently standing at the forefront of global energy transition policy.In sum, this manuscript offers an ecosystem analysis of the biogas industry through the lens of its evolution across time, from past to future, particularly focusing on legal and market perspectives, to highlight this industry’s pivotal role in meeting future energy demands.
Prevalence of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility patterns among patients in tertiary care setting Butwal, Nepal: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sachin BK  , Roka Bhumi , Bishwokarma Barsha , Yadav Baliram , Chaudhary Gautam Prasad , Pandey Jitendra , Karki Khimdhoj , Khadka Ram Bahadur
Published: April 2024

Background: Candida species, commonly present in the human body, can result in severe infections. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, with increasing antifungal resistance, pose a growing concern.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate candidiasis prevalence and antifungal susceptibility in isolated Candida species among suspected patients at tertiary care hospitals in Butwal, emphasizing early identification and appropriate treatment to avoid unnecessary use of toxic antifungal drugs.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study on 303 patients with clinical symptoms of Candida infections, specimens underwent direct microscopic examination and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Species identification involved phenotypic methods such as chromogenic character on CHROMagar Candida media, germ tube examination, and microscopic characteristics. Subsequently, isolated species were tested for antifungal susceptibility using the disc diffusion method.
Results: Among the 303 samples tested, 80 (26.4%) were positive for candidal infection. NAC species were the most commonly isolated, with Candida albicans and Candida krusei being the most virulent. The isolates exhibited the highest sensitivity to fluconazole (77.5%) followed by itraconazole (75%), whereas amphotericin B showed the lowest effectiveness with 63.75% resistance.
Conclusion: The rising prevalence of NAC species, particularly their growing resistance to Amphotericin B, has become a significant concern, as these species are frequently detected in various clinical samples. These findings underscore the importance of diligent monitoring and judicious selection of antifungal agents to ensure effective treatment strategies.
Experience of Knowledge Sharing Among the Teachers in Higher Education
Authors: Upadhyay Giri Raj
Published: April 2024

Knowledge sharing experience among teachers in higher education practice is important now a days. This study aims at exploring the experiences of the knowledge-sharing process among teachers in a higher education institution. It highlights teachers' professional experience professionally in knowledge sharing. Social-constructivist perspectives and phenomenological study frameworks are used. Data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews with two people from a college under Tribhuvan University, an institution of higher education. Data were analyzed by coding, creating themes, showing interrelationships, and reasoning. Results show that institutional culture and politics, teacher rewards, beliefs, status, and professional ethics and standards influence decisions to share or withhold knowledge with some teacher colleagues. The outcomes focus on professional conditions, political influences, and incentives all have a significant impact on knowledge sharing, with institutionalized processes and hierarchies affecting the willingness of educators to share expertise. Trust and ethical considerations are also important, with trust and perceptions of ethical standards affecting active involvement and cooperation. This study recommends that knowledge sharing is a productive topic to carry out research in the future.
संसारका भाषाको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरण र विशेषता
Authors: भुसाल केशव
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख संसारमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरण र तिनका विशेषता अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा संसारमा बोलिने भाषाका विभिन्न पक्षहरूको सूक्ष्म समीक्षण गरिएको छ । संसारमा बोलिने भाषाहरूat अध्ययन गर्नु, भाषाको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरणका आधारहरू निर्धारण गर्नु, संसारमा बोलिने भाषाको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरण उल्लेख गर्नु र तिनमा निहित विशेषताहरू प्रस्तुत गर्नु यस लेखका मूलभूत उद्देश्य रहेका छन् । प्रस्तुत लेखमा मूलतः गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा पुस्तकालयीय कार्यका माध्यमबाट सोद्देश्यमूलक तरिकाले सामग्रीहरूको सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख तयारीका क्रममा भाषाको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरण र यससम्बद्ध विविध पक्षको चर्चा गरिएका अङ्ग्रेजी, नेपाली सैद्धान्तिक पाठ्यपुस्तकहरूलाई अध्ययनीय सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ र तिनको अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त तथ्यहरूको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । जसका आधारमा संसारमा हजारौ भाषाहरू बोलिने गरेको, भाषाको पारिवारिक वर्गीकरणका निश्चित आधार रहेको, संसारमा बोलिने भाषाहरूलाई दस परिवारमा वर्गीकरण गर्ने गरिएको र संसारका भाषाहरूमा आआफ्नै मौलिक विशेषता रहेको लगायतका निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले संसारमा बोलिने भाषा, भाषाको परिवार एवम् पारिवारिक वर्गीकरणका क्षेत्रमा कार्यरत वा कार्य गर्न इच्छुक शिक्षक, विद्यार्थी, शोधार्थी, लेखक तथा विषय विशेषज्ञलाई आवश्यक कुराहरू अधिगत गर्न सहयोग पुयाउने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ ।
Comparison of Post-operative Pain with and without Infiltration of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Tonsillectomy
Authors: Acharya Alina , Bista Meera
Published: April 2024

Tonsillectomy is the complete removal of a tonsil from its bed and is one of the most common procedures in Otorhinolaryngology. The intensity of post-operative pain is severe enough to cause dysphagia which subsequently leads to infection of the fossa and other complications. Several studies on pain management have been conducted but not a single standard protocol currently exist. This study aims to evaluate the intensity of post tonsillectomy pain and to assess the efficacy of infiltration of Bupivacaine on the tonsillar fossa following tonsillectomy. A comparative study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College, ENT-HNS department for a period of 18 months (January 2018 to June 2019). Ninety three patients were included. 2.5 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine was infiltrated in right tonsillar fossa after tonsillectomy in all patients. The lateralization and intensity of pain at various post-operative period was assessed using visual analogue scale. The requirement of extra analgesics at various post-operative period was recorded. The pain score on the Bupivacaine side on the first and second post-operative day was decreased as compared to the other side. The pain score on the fourth hour and third post-operative day on Bupivacaine side was more than that of the other side. Infiltration of Bupivacaine over the tonsillar fossa has provided a good result with a significant reduction of pain in first post-operative day and in early post-operative period. However, other multi-centered and double blinded study is requires to provide better results.
Impact of Safety Management Practices on Safety Compliance Behavior with Mediation of Safety Motivation
Authors: Das Pankaj , Niroula Ballav , Singh Sanju Kumar
Published: April 2024

Construction projects have many work-related health accidents and injuries, which cost the organization financially and non-financially. Safety management practices play a significant role in overcoming such safety problems. This study aims to examine the influence of safety management practices on safety compliance in construction sites. The study was conducted through questionnaire surveys with 97 respondents from construction sites in Surabaya, Indonesia. Partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the conceptual model. The research findings suggest management to uplift their workplace safety practices. Furthermore, contractors involved in construction projects can implement health and safety practices to reduce accidents.
Undergraduate Student Feedback Related to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in the Department of Animal Science
Authors: Pierce Lauren , Bundy Jennifer , Johnson Anna K. , Keating Aileen F. , Carlson Kelsi , Smalley Scott W , Martin Michael
Published: April 2024

The Department of Animal Science at Iowa State University strives to support students from diverse backgrounds. Therefore, to assess the current departmental climate regarding diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging, a survey instrument was developed and distributed to students with a primary major in the department. The survey consisted of scale questions, one "select all that apply" question, and one open-ended question. This report focuses on the open-ended feedback provided by undergraduate Animal (AN S) and Dairy Science (DY S) students. Based on participant responses, some students felt behind in their introductory AN S courses because they did not come from an agriculture background. Students expressed their desire for more hands-on livestock experiences but also noted the need for more diverse guest lecturers who have various views and backgrounds. Additionally, students expressed interest in creating a physical space for student collaboration. These findings have provided insight in the experiences of our undergraduate students. It is important to take this feedback into consideration when developing academic resources and opportunities for students to gain hands-on experiences in the AN S and DY S fields.
The Implementation of Duty Payment on the Acquisition of Land and Building Rights (BPHTB) for Subsidized Houses in Lombok
Authors: Ahyarudin M. , Asmara M. Galang , Minollah
Published: April 2024

This research aims to determine the implementation and factors that influence differences in calculating BPHTB payments for subsidized housing in Lombok with this type of empirical research that uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a sociological approach to concretely understand the legal problems that occur in society. The implementation of BPHTB collection in Central Lombok district is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2010 and Regent's Regulation Number 67 of 2021, while the regional government of West Lombok district uses Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2021. After the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2022, the West Lombok Regional Government has implemented a "zero BPHTB" policy on subsidized housing. Meanwhile, the Central Lombok Regional Government is still implementing BPHTB according to Regent Regulation Number 67 of 2021 and has not yet made a regional regulation that exempts BPHTB from subsidized housing. Internal and external aspects are very determining aspects in the implementation of BPHTB payments. The difference in the nominal value of payment of Land and Building Rights Acquisition Fees for Subsidized Houses in Central Lombok and West Lombok is due to differences in regulations. So, it is necessary to socialize Law no. 1 of 2022 and the Regional Government of West Lombok and Central Lombok Regency should immediately make regional regulations to fulfill the mandate of Article 44 Paragraph (6) letter H of Law no. 1 of 2022.
Sanctions for Notaries who Violate the Principle of Knowing the Users of Notary Services
Authors: Havia Nida’an , Asmara Galang , Muhaimin
Published: April 2024

This research discusses the regulation and stages in the principle of identifying users of notarial services, and sanctions for notaries who violate the principle of identifying users of notarial services. The type of research used is normative legal research with legislative and conceptual approaches. Sources and types of legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used is through the secondary data collection method, namely literature study by examining legislation, journals, doctrines, articles, court decisions (jurisprudence), and other literature. The analysis of legal materials uses qualitative data analysis and is concluded using a deductive method. First, based on the research results, the regulation of the Principle of Identifying Users of Services is regulated in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 9 of 2017 concerning the Principle of Identifying Users of Notary Services, and Notaries as one of the reporting parties in the prevention and eradication of money laundering crimes regulated in Government Regulation Number 43 of 2015. In the stages of implementing the principle of identifying service users, notaries must conduct identification, verification, and monitoring as well as analyze the risks of service users in legal relationships with notaries. Second, the sanctions that can be imposed on notaries are not only administrative sanctions for violating the principle of identifying service users but also criminal sanctions.
Spatial and temporal analysis of regional disparities in educational development with in National Capital and Non-National Capital Regions of Haryana
Authors: Yadav Anamika , Kumar Vipin
Published: April 2024

Education is an essential indicator to assess the social, cultural and financial progress of a society to improve the quality of life at local, national and global levels. It is mandatory for every citizen of the nation to avoid ignorance and backwardness. Therefore, the importance of education for humans is continuously increasing. Development in the field of education has become essential for social and economic development so that the quality of life of the people can be improved. These disparities can be seen and measured across various indicators of development. On the basis of this objective, in the present research paper, various indicators of Haryana like total number of schools per lakh population of primary, secondary, senior secondary schools in the national capital and non-national capital region have been analyzed by Human Development Index to assess the regional disparity. The composite index method has been used. For the present study, data of the years 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12 have been used. The data related to the study has been obtained from the Statistics Department of Haryana.

Abstract in Hindi Language: 

शिक्षा स्थानीय ,राष्ट्रीय और वैश्विक स्तर पर जीवन की गुणवता को उन्नत करने के लिए समाज की  सामाजिक , सांस्कृतिक  और वित्तीय उन्नति का आंकलन के लिए एक आवश्यक संकेतक है । यह राष्ट्र के प्रत्येक नागरिक के लिए अज्ञानता और पिछड़ेपन से बचाव के लिए अनिवार्य है । अतः मनुष्य के लिए शिक्षा का महत्व निरंतर बढ़ता जा रहा है । सामाजिक और आर्थिक विकास हेतु शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में विकास अनिवार्य हो गया है ताकि लोगो के  जीवन की गुणवत्ता में सुधार हो सके । इन विषमताओं को विकास के विभिन्न  संकेतकों के बीच देखा और मापा जा सकता है । इसी उद्देश्य के आधार पर वर्तमान शोधपत्र में हरियाणा के विभिन्न संकेतकों जैसे प्राथमिक,माध्यमिक,उच्चध्वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय की प्रति लाख जनसँख्या  पर कुल विद्यालय संख्या का राष्ट्रीय राजधानी और गैर -राष्ट्रीय राजधानी क्षेत्र में प्रादेशिक विषमता के आंकलन  के लिए मानव विकास सूचकांक द्वारा दी  गयी  समग्र सूचकांक विधि का उपयोग किया गया है ।वर्तमान अध्ययन हेतु सन 1991-92, 2001-02 और 2011-12   के आंकड़ों का प्रयोग किया गया है । अध्ययन से सम्बन्धित आंकड़े हरियाणा  के सांख्यिकी विभाग सार  से प्राप्त किये गये है ।

Keywords: विकास ,समग्र सूचकांक विधि, प्रादेशिक विषमता , मानव विकास सूचकांक ,राष्ट्रीय ,गैर -राष्ट्रीय राजधानी
Recent Advances in Laser Technology - Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Kapustynskyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

Corneal refractive surgery, a pivotal field in ophthalmology, aims to correct visual impairments like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism by corneal modification. This paper explores the evolution and advancements in this domain, particularly highlighting the transition from gas- and excimer lasers to solid-state ultraviolet lasers. The latter are praised for their precision, reduced thermal damage, and faster recovery, transforming surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the integration of diagnostic technologies such as wavefront analysis and corneal topography has further refined surgical precision. This study also addresses the comparative safety and effectiveness of different laser wavelengths on the cornea, underscoring the minimized risks and enhanced recovery associated with solid-state lasers. Our findings advocate for the increasing adoption of solid-state UV lasers in refractive surgeries due to their significant benefits over traditional methods, despite existing limitations such as cost and the need for specialized training.
Factors Affecting the Attraction of New Generation Foreign Direct Investment into Vietnam
Authors: Thuong Nguyen Thi , Anh Duong Thị Quynh , Nguyen Thu Huyen , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoai , Cao Manh Hung
Published: April 2024

The study of factors influencing the attraction of new generation FDI aligns with the trend of focusing on attracting more high-quality and environmentally friendly FDI flows seen in today's countries. The objective of the article is to investigate the impact of these factors on attracting new generation FDI into Vietnam using a sample of 10 Asian countries from 2012 to 2023, including Vietnam, and applying the OLS method to analyze data. Regression results show that economic growth rate, innovative ecosystem, and inflation are factors influencing the flow of new generation FDI into Vietnam.