bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of adakites and rhyolites from the Neoarchaean Gadwal greenstone belt, eastern Dharwar craton, India: implications for sources and geodynamic setting
Authors: Manikyamba C , Kerrich R , Khanna Tarun C , Subba Rao D V
Published: January 2008

Adakite and rhyolite volcanic flows with different petrographic and geochemical characteristics have been identified from the Neoarchaean Gadwal greenstone terrane of the eastern Dharwar craton, India. These are part of the bimodal basalt–felsic association that dominates the belt, which includes previously documented boninites and Nb-enriched basalts. Adakites plot in the MgO–SiO2field of Cenozoic adakites, distinct from high-Mg andesites, and have low Yb (1.2 ppm) and fractionated rare-earth elements (REE) (La/Ybn = 16) of Cenozoic counterparts. They also possess the Cr/Ni (1.3–4.0), Nb/Ta (8.6–12.8), and Zr/Sm (33–58) ratios distinctive of adakites from recent oceanic arcs. Zero to positive Eu anomalies contrast with negative Eu present in older Dharwar cratonic crust, such that crustal contamination is unlikely, endorsing an intraoceanic setting. Cenozoic oceanic adakites may form by slab melting, then hybridizing to variable degree with wedge peridotite, and Gadwal adakites are also interpreted to be slab melts. Rhyolites have greater SiO2, highly incompatible elements (Th, La, Zr), and higher Yb (2.41 ppm) contents than adakites, with fractionated REE and pronounced negative Eu anomalies; they are comparable to FI type rhyolites of other Archean greenstone belts, likely melts of thick mafic crust at ~40 km with residual garnet, in an extensional setting. Consequently, the switch from arc basalts and boninites to adakites, Nb-enriched basalt, and rhyolites in the Gadwal terrane signifies a transition from slab dehydration-wedge melting to slab melting-wedge hybridization, possibly triggered by ridge subduction or flattening of the slab, as well as crustal melting. These new observations endorse the emergence of complex arc magmatism in Neoarchean terranes.
A new family, genus, and species of crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M , Li Rong-Yu , Schweitzer Carrie E
Published: January 2008

Discovery of a single specimen of brachyuran decapod from the Campanian Millwood Member in southern Manitoba, Canada, permits description of a new genus and species, Cretacocarcinus smithi. Comparison of sternal architecture and general carapace morphology with potentially related taxa documents that the new genus, along with Camarocarcinus Holland and Cvancara, form a new family, Camarocarcinidae, tentatively assigned to the Raninoidea. The Camarocarcinidae are interpreted to have originated in the upper Midcontinental Seaway in the Late Cretaceous, survived the K–T extinction event(s), and dispersed into southern North Dakota, USA; Greenland; and Denmark in the Paleocene.
Ductile strain partitioning in micritic limestones, Calabria, Italy: the roles and mechanisms of intracrystalline and intercrystalline deformation
Authors: Vitale S , White J C , Iannace A , Mazzoli S
Published: January 2008

The Apennine Pollino–Ciagola limestone unit in northern Calabria is characterized by subgreenschist, heterogeneous ductile strain localized along narrow deformation zones at several stratigraphic levels. Paleogene conglomerates and Jurassic calcareous breccias and ooidal packstones have been analyzed with the aim of characterizing the deformation of limestone as a function of the strain recorded by sedimentary markers. Reference sections parallel to principal finite strain planes were prepared at each locality for the study of specific parameters. Image analysis of polished sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain the finite strain of calcite grains by Rf/ϕ, harmonic mean and normalized Fry methods. For the range of grain sizes analyzed (1–10 µm), the ellipticity of calcite grains varies as a function of grain size according to a power-law relationship, from which the size of isometric grains is empirically predicted. The finite strain (ellipticity) determined from single calcite grains shows consistently lower values than the corresponding rock strain. For a fixed grain size, grain ellipticity initially increases with rock strain; however for larger strain, scattered ellipticity values are recorded, probably because of dynamic recrystallization. Comparison of bulk strain with grain strain suggests that intercrystalline deformation involving grain boundary sliding contributes 50%–80% of the total strain, for grain sizes in the range of 2–10 µm, increasing to 90% or more for smaller grain sizes. Microstructures (optical, SEM, transmission electron microscopy) are consistent with dominant grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation processes. The weakly deformed samples (Rs <4) exhibit straight and subsidiary curved mechanical twins in large grains (d >10 µm), with well-developed glide dislocation substructures in both coarse and micrite grains. In the moderately to highly deformed samples (Rs >4), large grains show curved, thick, and patchy twins, with the development of undulose extinction and subgrains. Subwalls are formed from dislocation networks and relate to subgrain rotation recrystallization in the coarsest grains. Both large and small grains exhibit complex dislocation substructures comprising dislocation networks indicative of concurrent intercrystalline and intracrystalline deformation, whereby grain boundary sliding is accommodated by dislocation processes. Integration of tectonic constraints, field observations, finite strain data, microstructures, and experimental data is consistent with natural deformation at 250 °C, 15–50 MPa, and bulk shear strain rates on the order of 10–13 s–1 to 10–12 s–1.
A new species of lobster (Astacidea, Erymidae) from the Smithers Formation (Middle Jurassic) of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M , Haggart James W
Published: January 2008

A single carapace and its counterpart of an erymoid lobster collected from the Middle Jurassic Smithers Formation in British Columbia, permits description of a new species, Eryma walkerae. The specimen represents only the fourth species of Eryma described from North America and documents a north polar route of dispersal for erymids into North America.
Degradation of shaley limestone riprapAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the Canadian Geotechnical Conference in September 2003.
Authors: Graham James , Franklin Kate , Alfaro Marolo , Wortley Joel
Published: January 2008

This paper describes field and laboratory research on limestone riprap at a water retention dyke in northern Canada. Field studies over a period of 5 years showed that weathering had reduced the size of some of the riprap, and hence the protection offered to the dyke. Laboratory tests, including the Iowa pore index test, demonstrate the capacity of the riprap to resist deterioration caused by freezing and thawing. The field and laboratory studies have been complemented by demand calculations.
Number of diameters required to represent stem profiles using interpolated cubic splines
Authors: Figueiredo-Filho Afonso , Borders Bruce E. , Hitch Kenneth L.
Published: January 2008

Interpolated cubic splines were used to estimate diameters and partial or total volumes for 285 trees from Pinustaeda L. plantations in southern Brazil. A range of 4 to 13 interpolated points was tested in an attempt to determine how many points are necessary to adequately represent stem taper. The various number of combinations with 13 or fewer points for interpolation were compared with a full spline of 16 points, which according to pertinent literature, estimates volume similarly to the traditional volume formulas (Newton, Huber, Smalian). The results showed that 10 well-placed points are necessary to obtain reliable estimates of diameter and partial or total volume along the entire stem. If the top 15% of the stem is ignored, 5 points adequately estimate volume, with an average residual of less than 2%. However, when fewer than 7 points are used, placement of points is very important to avoid illogical oscillation inherent in the use of cubic splines.
Contribution of root respiration to total CO2 efflux from the soil of a deciduous forest
Authors: Thierron Viviane , Laudelout H.
Published: January 2008

The measurement of CO2 efflux from forest soils has become of great importance in evaluating the role of forests as sequestering agents of atmospheric CO2. In this regard, it is important to know the part of total efflux that originates from root respiration. We have tried to evaluate it by measuring efflux in the field with a portable infrared gas analyzer, while at the same time, the 0–10 cm soil layer was sampled and incubated in the laboratory during 30–40 days. Comparison of field and laboratory measurements was made by conversion to a common temperature (10 °C) using the Arrhenius equation for both processes. Results indicated an Arrhenius apparent activation energy of 25 kcal (1 kcal = 4.1855 kJ) in the field and 15 kcal in the laboratory. Comparison of the results was also made possible by modelling the cumulative CO2 efflux in the laboratory so that we eliminated the initial flush of mineralization, the value of which was temperature dependent. The grand average of CO2 efflux from the forest soil calculated for the whole year from the temperature of the soil and the Arrhenius equation was 70 Mg•ha−1•year−1, of which 90% originated from the roots.
A test of knowledge-based forest operations scheduling procedures
Authors: Brack Cristopher L. , Marshall Peter L.
Published: January 2008

Five knowledge-based approaches (three search routines and two expert systems) to forest operations scheduling were compared with mathematical programming (linear programming and mixed integer programming) and simulation approaches for two plantation forests in New South Wales, Australia. Strategies produced using these approaches were compared on the basis of scores for timber volume flow, scenic beauty, stand health, and water quality. Timber flow scores were highest for the linear programming strategies, but some of the strategies produced by the knowledge-based approaches scored almost as high. The timber flow scores for the mixed integer programming strategies were exceeded by some of the knowledge-based strategies, because of the approximations required to achieve mixed integer programming solutions for larger problems. The knowledge-based approaches could produce higher scoring strategies for the other criteria than the mathematical programming or simulation approaches. The multiple strategies produced by two of the search procedures, and the goal hierarchy incorporated into the expert systems, allow the user to make explicit trade-offs among strategies in terms of performance for the various criteria.
In-stream large woody debris loading and riparian forest seral stage associations in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Hedman Craig W. , Lear David H. Van , Swank Wayne T.
Published: January 2008

Large woody debris (LWD) is an important ecological component of mountain streams. However, the relation of LWD loading and riparian forest composition is poorly understood in the southern Appalachians. In this study, 500-m reaches of 11 riparian forest–stream systems representing a 300-year sere were inventoried and measured to obtain quantitative estimates and descriptions of in-stream LWD. Loading volumes ranged from 7.1 to 31.2 m3/100 m of stream, or between 3.6 and 13.2 kg/m2. LWD loadings were highly variable during midseral stages of plant community succession, primarily because of the wide range in loading of American chestnut (Castaneadentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Loadings increased linearly in late-successional through old-growth systems over a 165-year interval. Eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carrière) and American chestnut were the most dominant carry-over LWD species in midsuccessional stream systems. Loading of eastern hemlock LWD increased from midsuccessional through old-growth stages as the species became dominant in the riparian forest. Without carry-over debris, LWD loadings would be extremely low in midsuccessional stream systems. American chestnut was a major component of LWD in midsuccessional stream systems, despite the fact that it has been unavailable for recruitment for decades.
Effect of Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units on the infection levels of Armillaria in black spruce plantations
Authors: Wiensczyk A.M. , Dumas M.T. , Irwin R.N.
Published: January 2008

Eight 5- to 15-year-old black spruce (Picectmariana (Mill.) BSP) plantations from each of the Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units B, C, D, E, and F were sampled for Armillaria root rot. All the plantations sampled were infected by Armillaria, with an infection rate ranging from slightly less than 1% to 32%. Some differences were observed among Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units but these differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Plantations in treatment unit F had the highest average infection level (16.93%), while those in treatment unit B had the lowest (7.24%). Plantations in treatment unit F had significantly higher cumulative mortality levels than did those in treatment unit B (p < 0.05). The average ratio of infected healthy trees to infected dead trees was 3.28:1 across all treatment units. The total number and total basal area of all stumps and of all infected stumps were similar across the treatment units. Variations did exist in the ratio of conifer to hardwood stumps and reflected the differences in the species composition of the original stands. Infection levels based on trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) trap logs were not found to be a good indicator of percent infection in the trees. The use of colour and relative shoot growth was only moderately effective in identifying trees infected by Armillaria.
Season and intensity of whole-tree harvesting influence regeneration in the oak–pine type
Authors: McMinn James W. , Nutter Wade L.
Published: January 2008

Oak–pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 10-cm and 2.5-cm lower dbh limits in both the dormant and early growing seasons. Pine natural regeneration and hardwood coppice were observed through five growing seasons. Dormant-season harvesting resulted in pine stocking of over 90% and 60% for the 2.5-cm and 10-cm limit, respectively. Growing-season harvesting resulted in initial pine stocking of less than 15%. Initial coppice coverage was greatest after dormant-season harvesting, but due to pine competition was approximately equal to the growing-season harvest coverage after 5 years. Residual stems with total basal areas less than 7 m2/ha after 10-cm limit cutting suppressed growth of both the pine regeneration and the hardwood coppice. Results demonstrate that modifications in harvesting alone can substantially influence subsequent species composition and stand development.
Host resistance to invasion by lower stem and root infesting insects of pine: response to controlled inoculations with the fungal associate Leptographiumterebrantis
Authors: Raffa Kenneth F. , Smalley Eugene B.
Published: January 2008

Invasion of red and jack pines by Hylobius root weevils and Dendroctonus turpentine beetles was simulated by inoculating host trees with their fungal associate, Leptographiumterebrantis. Trees responded to inoculation by forming a necrotic lesion in advance of the fungus, similar to the active wound response that has been described against Ceratocystis species vectored by the more aggressive bark beetle species. The response to living symbionts was more extensive than the reaction to either mechanical wounds or autoclaved fungi. This suggests that host responses are elicited at least in part by actively metabolizing L. terebrantis. Most of the lesion growth occurred during the first 10 days. The responses of jack pine were generally more extensive and more variable than those of red pine. The implications to the resistance of pines to root and lower stem infesting insects are discussed.
Width of firebreak that is necessary to stop grass fires: some field experiments
Authors: Wilson Andrew A. G.
Published: January 2008

Firebreaks were tested in the Northern Territory of Australia for their performance in halting the spread of 113 experimental grass fires burning in blocks which ranged from 1 to 4 ha in size. The widths of firebreak tested ranged from 1.5 to 15 m. The most intense of the fires burnt with a rate of spread of 1.9 m s−1 and had a fireline intensity of 17 MW m−1. The fastest fire stopped by a firebreak burnt with a forward rate of spread of 2.2 m s−1 and had a fireline intensity of 8 MW m−1. A logistic response function was fitted to the data on firebreak breach; this resulted in an equation for predicting the probability of firebreak breach. The probability of firebreak breach was found to increase with increasing fireline intensity and the presence of trees within 20 m of the firebreak and to decrease with increasing firebreak width. A published relationship between fireline intensity and flame length provided a sensible approximation to the width of firebreak that could be breached, via flame contact, by a fire of a given fireline intensity. Practical implications of the results are discussed.
Susceptibility of lodgepole pine to infestation by mountain pine beetles following partial cutting of stands
Authors: Amman Gene D. , McGregor Mark D. , Schmitz Richard F. , Oakes Robert D.
Published: January 2008

Thinning stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann) is thought to increase vigor and thereby reduce susceptibility to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins). Partial cut stands of lodgepole in the Kootenai and Lolo National forests, Montana, U.S.A., provided opportunity (i) to determine growth response of 76- to 102-year-old lodgepole pines following thinning and (ii) to test the hypothesis that vigor of residual trees infested and uninfested by beetles does not differ. Lodgepole pine stands receiving different partial cutting prescriptions were sampled. Characteristics measured for trees within the sample were diameter at breast height, grams of stem wood per square metre of foliage, periodic growth ratio, and leaf area. Trees in most treatments showed decreased growth the 1st year following thinning. The 1st year was followed by increased growth during the next 4 years. Of the tree characteristics measured, only dbh was significantly different on both forests between live trees and trees killed by the mountain pine beetle; the latter were larger (P < 0.001). The low amount of mountain pine beetle infestation in all stands in the presence of poor growth response and vigor of residual trees suggests that factors other than tree vigor will regulate mountain pine beetle infestations in recently thinned lodgepole pine stands. We hypothesize change in stand microclimate is the principal factor.
Slashburning effects on stocking, growth, and nutrition of young Douglas-fir plantations in salal-dominated ecosystems of eastern Vancouver Island
Authors: Vihnanek R. E. , Ballard T. M.
Published: January 2008

Stocking, height growth, basal diameter growth, and foliar nutrient levels of 5- to 15-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were evaluated on burned and unburned areas within each of 20 sites on eastern Vancouver Island, which were characterized by ecosystems dominated by salal (Gaultheriashallon Pursh). Burning significantly reduced salal height and cover (P < 0.01). Douglas-fir stocking, height growth, and basal diameter were significantly increased (P < 0.05) as a result of burning. Douglas-fir foliar P, K, Ca, Fe, and B concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) as a result of burning, but foliar concentrations of N, Mg, S, Zn, and Cu were not significantly affected, even at P = 0.10. Foliar Mn concentrations were significantly reduced but remained very far above the deficiency threshold.
The adjustment of growth, sapwood area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of balsam fir after different intensities of pruning
Authors: Margolis Hank A. , Gagnon Robert R. , Pothier David , Pineau Marius
Published: January 2008

Balsam fir trees established from advanced regeneration following a clear-cut in 1970 were pruned in June 1985 to live crown ratios of 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 compared with control trees, which had live crown ratios of 0.8. After two growing seasons, we investigated the homeostatic adjustment of these trees to the loss of their foliage. The height growth, basal area growth, sapwood cross-sectional area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of the trees that were pruned to a 0.6 live crown ratio were not significantly different from those of the controls. On the other hand, height growth increment following pruning was reduced 16.7 cm (23%) and 19.5 cm (27%) for the trees pruned to 0.4 and 0.2 live crown ratios, respectively. Furthermore, basal area growth following pruning was reduced 3.2 cm2 (30%) and 6.5 cm2 (61%), respectively. While trees in both the 0.4 and 0.2 live crown ratio pruning treatments did adjust their breast height sapwood area in response to the removal of foliage, the nature of this adjustment differed between the two treatments. For the trees with the 0.4 live crown ratio, sapwood area was reduced because of a reduction in basal area growth but the area of heartwood remained unchanged. For the trees with the 0.2 live crown ratio, the changes in sapwood area were due both to a reduction in basal area growth and an expansion of the heartwood. The saturated permeability of sapwood was not significantly affected by pruning. The adaptive implications of balsam fir's response to the loss of foliage are discussed in terms of the optimizing the allocation of a limited amount of available carbon.
Variance asymptotique des estimateurs en régression non linéaire
Authors: Ung Chhun-Huor , Végiard Sylvain , Ouellet Denis
Published: January 2008

General results on the asymptotic distribution of the estimators and the assumptions required to ensure their validity are discussed within the context of nonlinear regression. A nonlinear model frequently used in forestry for describing the relations between various tree or stand features (in forest mensuration) illustrates the application of the results. Finally, the statistical inference related to the nonlinear model is demonstrated by means of a numerical example using a sample of 622 black spruce trees.
Nutrient deficiency symptoms associated with sugar maple dieback and decline in the Quebec Appalachians
Authors: Bernier B. , Brazeau M.
Published: January 2008

The most widespread visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency in declining stands of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) south of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec over the last 3 years were those of K and (or) P. Typical symptoms are described and illustrated in this paper. Dark green foliage, frequently accompanied by leaf curling, appears to be an early manifestation of an insufficient supply of K. With time, chlorotic and necrotic foliage, mostly in the upper crown, revealed the existence of acute K deficiencies, with concentrations in the range of 0.20–0.30% in July. Phosphorus deficiency showed up as small, purple leaves, especially sun leaves, with P concentrations of 0.05–0.08% in the midst of the growing season. Phosphorus deficiency was most frequently accompanied by low or deficient K concentrations, in which case symptoms were more complex. Measured K and P concentrations in freshly fallen leaf litter of deficient trees were ca. 0.10 and 0.02%, respectively, well below published values for sugar maple leaf litter.
Can an angle gauge really evaluate "borderline trees" accurately in variable plot sampling?
Authors: Iles Kim , Fall Mike
Published: January 2008

Detailed measurements on approximately 900 "borderline trees" verified that professional cruisers are precise in their use of wedge prisms, and that errors cancel. The fact that trees are not round gives variable plots that are not round but of the correct size. Noncancelling errors were mostly due to steep slope corrections and difficulty in seeing the tree clearly. The tree count bias was −0.5% of total cruise tree count. Reasons for checking trees are detailed. The authors recommend measuring doubtful trees with a diameter tape, for a variety of reasons, even though the bias is small.
A nonparametric survival model for balsam fir during a spruce budworm outbreak
Authors: Reams Gregory A. , Brann Thomas B. , Halteman William A.
Published: January 2008

A nonparametric model that relates spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) and blowdown-caused mortality of balsam fir trees (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) to individual tree and stand characteristics is presented. Estimation of the annual base-line hazard, λ0(t), also known in epidemiological research as the force of mortality or the instantaneous rate of death, provides an explicit estimate of the rate of change (accelerating or decelerating) of cause-specific mortality during the spruce budworm outbreak. Interpretation of the spruce budworm mortality model indicates that suppressed trees are more likely to survive than the other crown classes. In general, mortality caused by spruce budworm increased with increasing cumulative plot defoliation, increasing spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir basal area per hectare, and decreasing hardwood basal area per hectare. Interpretation of the blowdown model indicates that blowdown mortality generally increases with increasing balsam fir, spruce, and percent balsam fir basal areas per hectare and decreasing cumulative plot defoliation.
Dynamic simulation of forest fires
Authors: Niessen Wolfgang Von , Blumen Alexander
Published: January 2008

In this article we present the results of a simplified dynamic model for forest fires. We consider isotropic situations with different ignition mechanisms and different types of trees, models of crown and surface fires, and anisotropic cases that account for the influence of wind. We calculate the probabilities for a fire to become critical and characterize the temporal evolution and the spatial extent of the fire.
Detection of tomato ringspot virus in white ash and adjacent vegetation in central New York
Authors: Ferris Martha A. , Castello John D.
Published: January 2008

Tissue samples from 15 woody and herbaceous plant species, including white ash (Fraxinusamericana L.), were collected monthly during the spring and summer of 1985 and indexed by ELISA for tomato ringspot virus. The virus was detected in 12 of 23 white ash indexed, most frequently in the roots. Of 88 white ash seedlings inoculated with purified tomato ringspot virus, the virus was detected by ELISA in 7 seedlings after two cycles of growth and dormancy, and in only 1 seedling after one cycle of growth and dormancy postinoculation. The virus was also detected in Fragariavirginiana Mill., Prunusvirginiana L., Rubusoccidentalis L., R. strigosus Michx., Solidagocanadensis L., Trifoliumpratense L., T. repens L., and Daucuscarota L. growing within 50 m of infected ash.
Effect of slope on fires spreading downhill
Authors: Wagner C. E. Van
Published: January 2008

A laboratory experiment was performed to determine the effect of slope on the downhill spread rate of forest fire. Results with beds of pine needles showed that the spread rate decreased to 64% of the level rate as slope was raised to 22°, then gradually increased back to the level rate at 45°. Some theory about how the flame radiates to the unburned fuel was advanced to account for this phenomenon.
Effects of moisture content on sulfate generation and retention in hardwood forest upper soil horizons
Authors: Watwood Mary E. , Fitzgerald John W. , Swank Wayne T.
Published: January 2008

The influence of moisture on organic S mineralization and the fate of both mineralization-derived and added sulfate were examined in A and B horizon soil samples from a hardwood forest. The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine was chosen to study organic S mineralization. 35S-labelled sulfate or methionine was added to field-moist samples, which were then suction dried to contain between 2 and 80% moisture. Both added sulfate-S and sulfate-S released by methionine mineralization was incorporated into organic matter, and the highest levels of organic S formed were observed for those A and B horizon samples containing between 25 and 35% moisture. The A horizon incorporated much less added sulfate under very dry than under extremely moist conditions. The B horizon exhibited substantial decreases under both extreme moisture regimes. At moisture contents over 30%, high levels of methionine mineralization were observed, and at lower moisture contents mineralization decreased substantially. For soil moistures lower than 10 and 20% for the A and B horizons, respectively, most of the added methionine remained nonmineralized following incubation. In addition to mineralization, a portion of the added methionine was also incorporated directly into organic matter. The highest levels of this incorporation were achieved at soil moistures between 20 and 35%.
Compatible crown ratio and crown height models: Discussion
Authors: Deusen Paul C. Van , Dell Tommy R.
Published: January 2008

not available
EDGE CURRENTS FOR QUANTUM HALL SYSTEMS I: ONE-EDGE, UNBOUNDED GEOMETRIES
Authors: HISLOP PETER D. , SOCCORSI ERIC
Published: January 2008

Devices exhibiting the integer quantum Hall effect can be modeled by one-electron Schrödinger operators describing the planar motion of an electron in a perpendicular, constant magnetic field, and under the influence of an electrostatic potential. The electron motion is confined to unbounded subsets of the plane by confining potential barriers. The edges of the confining potential barrier create edge currents. In this, the first of two papers, we prove explicit lower bounds on the edge currents associated with one-edge, unbounded geometries formed by various confining potentials. This work extends some known results that we review. The edge currents are carried by states with energy localized between any two Landau levels. These one-edge geometries describe the electron confined to certain unbounded regions in the plane obtained by deforming half-plane regions. We prove that the currents are stable under various potential perturbations, provided the perturbations are suitably small relative to the magnetic field strength, including perturbations by random potentials. For these cases of one-edge geometries, the existence of, and the estimates on, the edge currents imply that the corresponding Hamiltonian has intervals of absolutely continuous spectrum. In the second paper of this series, we consider the edge currents associated with two-edge geometries describing bounded, cylinder-like regions, and unbounded, strip-like, regions.
NON-CRITICAL STRING COSMOLOGIES
Authors: LAHANAS A. B.
Published: January 2008

Non-critical String Cosmologies are offered as an alternative to Standard Big Bang Cosmology. The new features encompassed within the dilaton dependent non-critical terms affect the dynamics of the Universeś evolution in an unconventional manner being in agreement with the cosmological data. Non-criticality is responsible for a late transition to acceleration at redshifts z =0.2. The role of the uncoupled rolling dilaton to relic abundance calculations is discussed. The uncoupled rolling dilaton dilutes the neutralino relic densities in supersymmetric theories by factors of ten, relaxing considerably the severe WMAP Dark Matter constraints, while at the same time leaves almost unaffected the baryon density in agreement with primordial Nucleosynthesis.
HOLOGRAPHY AND COSMOLOGICAL SINGULARITIES
Authors: Das Sumit R.
Published: January 2008

Certain null singularities in ten dimensional supergravity have natural holographic duals in terms of Matrix Theory and generalizations of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In many situations the holographic duals appear to be well defined in regions where the supergravity develops singularities. We describe some recent progress in this area.
WARPED COMPACTIFICATION ON SIGMA MODEL, SKYRMIONS IN SIX DIMENSIONS
Authors: Kodama Yuta , Kokubu Kento , Sawado Nobuyuki , Shiiki Noriko
Published: January 2008

We construct two distinct brane solutions in six dimensional effective field theory models. The CP 1 sigma model and the baby skyrmion realize warped compactification of the extra dimensions for negative bulk cosmological constant. Higher winding number solutions of the baby skyrmion are also presented.
Five-Dimensional Kerr–AdS Black Holes, First Law and Counterterms
Authors: Awad Adel
Published: January 2008

Using counterterm subtraction technique we calculate the action and other thermodynamical quantities for the general Kerr–AdS black hole in five dimensions. We show that the resulting thermodynamical quantities do satisfy the first law of thermodynamics upon choosing the non-rotating Einstein space as a boundary. Furthermore, the vacuum energies and conformal anomalies calculated from both sides of the AdS/CFT duality match exactly. Comparing this result to previous known results, one is lead to raise the question: why some choices of the boundary metric produce quantities that do not satisfy the first law? Answering such a question will help us understand the relevance of the AdS vacuum energy on the gravity side.
HYBRID INFLATION FOLLOWED BY MODULAR INFLATION
Authors: LAZARIDES GEORGE
Published: January 2008

Inflationary models with a superheavy scale F-term hybrid inflation followed by an intermediate scale modular inflation are considered. The restrictions on the power spectrum [Formula: see text] of curvature perturbation and the spectral index ns from the recent data within the power-law cosmological model with cold dark matter and a cosmological constant can be met provided that the number of e-foldings N HI * suffered by the pivot scale k* = 0.002/ Mpc during hybrid inflation is suitably restricted. The additional e-foldings needed for solving the horizon and flatness problems are generated by modular inflation with a string axion as inflaton. For central values of [Formula: see text] and ns, the grand unification scale comes out, in the case of standard hybrid inflation, close to its supersymmetric value M GUT ≃ 2.86 × 1016 GeV , the relevant coupling constant is relatively large (≈ 0.005 – 0.14), and 10 ≲ N HI * ≲ 21.7. In the shifted [smooth] hybrid inflation case, the grand unification scale can be identified with M GUT for N HI * ≃ 21 [N HI * ≃ 18].
MODULI AND MULTI-FIELD INFLATION
Authors: LALAK ZYGMUNT
Published: January 2008

Moduli with flat or run-away classical potentials are generic in theories based on supersymmetry and extra dimensions. They mix between themselves and with matter fields in kinetic terms and in the nonperturbative superpotentials. As the result, interesting structure appears in the scalar potential which helps to stabilise and trap moduli and leads to multi-field inflation. The new and attractive feature of multi-inflationary setup are isocurvature perturbations which can modify in an interesting way the final spectrum of primordial fluctuations resulting from inflation.
SUSY AND DARK MATTER CONSTRAINTS FROM THE LHC
Authors: WHITE M. J.
Published: January 2008

The LHC will have much to say about the mysteries of dark matter, and this talk reviews this potential within the context of supersymmetry (SUSY). The SUSY search reach of CMS and ATLAS is presented, followed by a brief introduction to the methods of SUSY parameter measurement. A representative ATLAS study is then used to explain how the LHC can be used to obtain a measurement of the relic density of a neutralino WIMP candidate. Finally, the prospect of success is considered by looking at different points in the MSSM parameter space.
AXINO DARK MATTER FROM Q-BALLS IN AFFLECK-DINE BARYOGENESIS
Authors: SETO OSAMU , ROSZKOWSKI LESZEK
Published: January 2008

We show that the Ωb – ΩDM coincidence can naturally be explained in a framework where axino is cold dark matter which is predominantly produced in nonthermal processes involving decays of Q-balls formed in Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. In this approach, the similarity of Ωb and ΩDM is a direct consequence of the (sub-)GeV scale of the mass of the axino, while the reheating temperature TR must be low, some 102 GeV , or less.
Phenomenological properties of unoriented D-brane models
Authors: Anastasopoulos Pascal
Published: January 2008

D -brane realizations of the Standard Model predict extra abelian gauge fields which are superficially anomalous. The anomalies are cancelled via appropriate couplings to axions and Chern-Simons-like couplings. The presence of such couplings has dramatic experimental consequences: a) they provide masses to the anomalous abelian gauge fields (which masses can be of order of a few TeV), b) they provide new contributions to couplings like Z '-¿ gamma Z , that may be considerable at LHC. This proceeding is mainely based on hep-th/0605225.
DARK MATTER IN BRANE COSMOLOGY
Authors: Dahab E. Abou El , Khalil S.
Published: January 2008

The impact of the brane cosmology on the relic density of non-relativistic stable particles in high and low reheating temperature scenarios is analyzed. We show that, in non-conventional brane cosmology, the dark matter relic density can be enhanced by many order of magnitudes.
SUSY BREAKING IN GUTS
Authors: BAJC BORUT
Published: January 2008

I will describe a minimal supersymmetric SU(5) model, in which the adjoint multiplet breaks spontaneously both gauge and supersymmetry. This inevitably leads to intermediate scales, which in turn increase the GUT scale. The dimension 6 proton decay is thus suppressed, while soft terms coming from supergravity typically dominate.
SUPERSYMMETRIC EFFECTS IN FLAVOUR PHYSICS
Authors: ISIDORI GINO
Published: January 2008

After a short introduction about the flavour problem and the MFV hypothesis, we discuss Bu → τν and other low-energy observables in the framework of the MSSM with MFV, large tan β, and heavy squarks [Formula: see text] . This scenario naturally satisfies all the electroweak precision constraints and, in the case of not too heavy slepton sector [Formula: see text], can also easily accommodate the (g − 2)μ anomaly. Within this framework, non-standard effects could possibly be detected in the near future in a few low-energy flavour-violating observables, such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The possibility to further constrain this scenario using dark-matter constraints is also briefly discussed.
NONDECOUPLING OF HEAVY FERMIONS AND A SPECIAL YUKAWA TEXTURE
Authors: REBELO M. N.
Published: January 2008

Talk based on work entitled “Yukawa textures, new physics and nondecoupling,” done in collaboration with G. C. Branco and J. I. Silva-Marcos, arXiv:hep-ph/0612252, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. In this work we pointed out that New Physics can play an important rôle in rescuing some of the Yukawa texture zero ansätze which would otherwise be eliminated by the recent, more precise measurements of VCKM. We have shown that the presence of an isosinglet vector-like quark which mixes with standard quarks, can render viable a particularly interesting four texture zero Yukawa ansatz. The crucial point is the nondecoupling of the effects of the isosinglet quark, even for arbitrary large values of its mass.
LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION, LEPTOGENESIS AND NEUTRINO MIXING IN QUARK-LEPTON COMPLEMENTARITY SCENARIOS
Authors: RODEJOHANN WERNER , HOCHMUTH KATHRIN A.
Published: January 2008

We conduct a detailed analysis of the phenomenology of two predictive see-saw scenarios which lead to the Quark-Lepton Complementarity relation θ12+θC = π/4. The neutrino mixing observables and their correlations, neutrinoless double beta decay, lepton flavor violating decays such as μ → eγ and leptogenesis are discussed. The features which allow to distinguish the scenarios are identified.
TeV Scale B – L Phenomenology at LHC
Authors: Abbas M. , Emam W. , Khalil S. , Shalaby M.
Published: January 2008

We present the phenomenology of the low scale U(1)B–L extension of the standard model and its implications at LHC. We show that this model provides a natural explanation for the presence of three right-handed neutrinos and can naturally account the observed neutrino masses and mixing. We study the decay and production of the extra gauge boson and the SM singlet scalar (heavy Higgs) predicted in this type of models. We find that the cross sections of the SM-like Higgs production are reduced by ~ 20% – 30%, while its decay branching ratios remain intact. The extra Higgs has relatively small cross sections and the branching ratios of Z′ → l+l− are of order ~ 20% compared to ~ 3% of the SM results.
SUPERSYMMETRY AT AND BEYOND THE LHC
Authors: KALINOWSKI JAN
Published: January 2008

Prospects for SUSY discoveries and measurements at future colliders LHC and ILC are discussed. The problem of reconstructing the underlying theory and SUSY breaking mechanism is also addressed.
B → M1M2 DECAYS AND NEW PHYSICS EFFECTS IN THE mSUGRA MODEL
Authors: Xiao Zhen-Jun , Zou Wenjuan
Published: January 2008

By employing the QCD factorization approach, we calculated the new physics contributions to the two-body charmless hadronic decays B → M1M2 (Mi refers to light pseudo-scalar or vector light mesons) in the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model. In this talk we present the major numerical results and phenomenological discussions about these eighty decay channels.
QUARK DAMPING WITH ULTRASOFT MOMENTA IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE QCD
Authors: Abada A. , Daira-Aifa N. , Bouakaz K.
Published: January 2008

The damping rates of ultrasoft quarks are determined in the context of next-to-leading order hard-thermal-loop summed perturbation of high-temperature QCD. Three types of divergent behavior are encountered: infrared, light-cone and at specific points determined by the gluon energies. Only the infrared divergence persists and is logarithmic.
WHAT'S THE MATTER AT RHIC?
Authors: DE CASSAGNAC RAPHAEL GRANIER
Published: January 2008

I present here a concise review of the experimental results obtained at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), which shed light on the hot and dense quark gluon matter produced at these high temperature and density conditions.
Double Chargino Production in e−e− scattering
Authors: Rodriguez M. C.
Published: January 2008

We point out the production of the charginos and neutralinos in electron-electron process in several supersymmetric models, in order to show that the International Linear Collider can discover double charged charginos if these particles really exist in nature.
HUMAN DIGITAL PIPELINE METHOD USING TOTAL LINKAGE THROUGH DESIGN TO MANUFACTURING
Authors: SAKAI HIROHISA , AMASAKA KAKURO
Published: January 2008

Nowadays, Japanese manufacturers are deploying global production based on the concept of "uniform quality worldwide and production at optimum locations". In an effort to realize this, the authors have proposed Advanced TPS, and recognized the necessity of "the creation of a new, human-centered production mechanism". Furthermore, the authors have also proposed "HI-POS". In this paper, an implementation method of "HI-POS", the "HDP" method has been established, enabling a total linkage from designing to manufacturing through a digital pipeline. More specifically, it is (1) a digital production system which prepares the work procedure in advance, and also it is (2) a production system which verifies a line process setup in advance. This accommodates the production planning needed for manufacturing a number of models on one line and completes the building up of the line even before launching it. The authors have been studying the validity of this method at an advanced manufacturing corporation, Toyota Motor Corporation. The use of this method has enhanced the skill level of production operators and thus yielded the expected results.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GENETIC DISTRIBUTED FUZZY CONTROLLERS FOR MULTI-PART-TYPE PRODUCTION LINE
Authors: HOMAYOUNI SEYED MAHDI , HONG TANG SAI , ISMAIL NAPSIAH
Published: January 2008

Genetic distributed fuzzy (GDF) controllers are proposed for multi-part-type production line. These production systems can produce more than one part type. For these systems, "production rate" and "priority of production" for each part type is determined by production controllers. The GDF controllers have already been applied to single-part-type production systems. The methodology is illustrated and evaluated using a two-part-type production line. For these controllers, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to tune the membership functions (MFs) of GDF. The objective function of the GDF controllers minimizes the surplus level in production line. The results show that GDF controllers can improve the performance of production systems. GDF controllers show their abilities in reducing the backlog level. In production systems in which the backlog has a high penalty or is not allowed, the implementation of GDF controllers is advisable.
Postural-induced phase shift of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and blood pressure variations: insight from respiratory-phase domain analysis
Authors: Kotani Kiyoshi , Takamasu Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko , Yamamoto Yoshiharu
Published: January 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the multiple effects of respiration on cardiovascular variability in different postures, by analyzing respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and respiratory-related blood pressure (BP) variations for systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) in the respiratory-phase domain. The measurements were conducted for 420 s on healthy humans in the sitting and standing positions, while the subjects were continuously monitored for heart rate and BP variability and instantaneous lung volume. The waveforms of RSA and respiratory-related BP variations were extracted as a function of the respiratory phase. In the standing position, the waveforms of the BP variations for SBP, DBP, and PP show their maxima at around the end of expiration (π rad) and the minima at around the end of inspiration (2 π rad), while the waveform of RSA is delayed by ∼0.35 π rad compared with the BP waveforms. On the other hand, in the sitting position, the phase of the DBP waveform (1.69 π rad) greatly and significantly ( P < 0.01) differs from that in the standing position (1.20 π rad). Also, the phase of PP is delayed and that of RSA is advanced in the sitting position ( P < 0.01). In particular, the phase shift of the DBP waveform is sufficiently large to alter whole hemodynamic fluctuations, affecting the amplitudes of SBP and PP variations. We conclude that the postural change associated with an altered autonomic balance affects not only the amplitude of RSA, but also the phases of RSA and BP variations in a complicated manner, and the respiratory-phase domain analysis used in this study is useful for elucidating the dynamic mechanisms of RSA.