bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multitrace first-break picking using an integrated seismic and machine learning method
Authors: Duan Xudong , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2020

Picking the first breaks from seismic data is often a challenging problem and still requires significant human effort. We have developed an iterative process that applies a traditional seismic automated picking method to obtain preliminary first breaks and then uses a machine learning (ML) method to identify, remove, and fix poor picks based on a multitrace analysis. The ML method involves constructing a convolutional neural network architecture to help identify poor picks across multiple traces and eliminate them. We then further refill the picks on empty traces with the help of the trained model. To allow training samples applicable to various regions and different data sets, we apply moveout correction with preliminary picks and address the picks in the flattened input. We collect 11,239,800 labeled seismic traces. During the training process, the model’s classification accuracy on the training and validation data sets reaches 98.2% and 97.3%, respectively. We also evaluate the precision and recall rate, both of which exceed 94%. For prediction, the results of 2D and 3D data sets that differ from the training data sets are used to demonstrate the feasibility of our method.
Cooperative deep learning inversion of controlled-source electromagnetic data for salt delineation
Authors: Oh Seokmin , Noh Kyubo , Seol Soon Jee , Byun Joongmoo
Published: June 2020

Various geophysical data types have advantages for exploring the subsurface, and more reliable exploration can be realized through integration of such data. However, the imaging of physical properties based on deep learning (DL) techniques, which has received considerable attention because of its enormous potential, has generally been performed using only a single type of data. We have developed a cooperative inversion method based on supervised DL for salt delineation. Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data, which can effectively distinguish a salt body with high electrical resistivity from the surrounding medium, are used as data for cooperative inversion, with high-resolution information derived from seismic data used as the constraint. This approach can entrain seismic information into a fully convolutional network designed to invert CSEM data to reconstruct the resistivity distribution. The inversion network is trained using large synthetic data sets, including the seismic information derived from seismic data as well as CSEM data and resistivity models. A cooperative strategy for reasonable entrainment of seismic information into the inversion network is established based on analysis of the network and kernels of the convolutional layers. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments on test data generated for resistivity models for complex salt structures. The trained cooperative inversion network shows improved salt delineation results compared to the independent inversion network, irrespective of noise levels added to the test data, due to restriction of the resistivity model to fit seismic information. Moreover, training with noise-added data decreased the effects of noise on prediction results, similar to the case of adversarial training. We develop the possibility of combining geophysical data with a constraint using DL-based techniques.
Frequency-dependent spherical-wave reflection coefficient inversion in acoustic media: Theory to practice
Authors: Yan Binpeng , Wang Shangxu , Ji Yongzhen , Huang Xingguo , da Silva Nuno V.
Published: June 2020

As an approximation of the spherical-wave reflection coefficient (SRC), the plane-wave reflection coefficient does not fully describe the reflection phenomenon of a seismic wave generated by a point source. The applications of SRC to improve analyses of seismic data have also been studied. However, most of the studies focus on the time-domain SRC and its benefit to using the long-offset information instead of the dependency of SRC on frequency. Consequently, we have investigated and accounted for the frequency-dependent spherical-wave reflection coefficient (FSRC) and analyzed the feasibility of this type of inversion. Our inversion strategy requires a single incident angle using reflection data for inverting the density and velocity ratios, which is distinctly different from conventional inversion methods using amplitude variation with offset. Hence, this investigation provides an alternative approach for estimating media properties in some contexts, especially when the range of aperture of the reflection angles is limited. We apply the FSRC theory to the inversion of noisy synthetic and field data using a heuristic algorithm. The multirealization results of the inversion strategy are consistent with the feasibility analysis and demonstrate the potential of the outlined method for practical application.
4D petroelastic modeling based on a presalt well
Authors: Silva E. P. A. , Davólio A. , Santos M. S. , Schiozer D. J.
Published: June 2020

After their initial discovery in 2006, followed by an accumulated production of over 2 billion barrels of oil equivalent, the presalt carbonate reservoirs of offshore Brazil are now candidates for time-lapse seismic analysis. Therefore, we have conducted a 4D feasibility study in a Brazilian presalt reservoir well, which is composed of two types of carbonate rocks: microbialite and coquina. We evaluated two petroelastic models to obtain the acoustic impedance (AI) and shear impedance (SI) needed to estimate potential time-lapse differences ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). For this, we used the Gassmann and Xu-Payne models, in which the latter considers the pore geometry of the rock in its equations. Our analysis of both models shows that changes in pressure and saturation are very similar, and we can conclude that, despite being a carbonate, the application of Gassmann’s model is sufficient for the 4D feasibility studies conducted in the deemed reservoir because it does not require pore space geometry parameters, as does the Xu-Payne model. The analysis of the time-lapse attributes provided us with a greater comprehension of the 4D scenarios modeled, some of which presented detectability of changes in the microbialite and coquina.
Physical parameter modeling of carbonate dissolution-vug reservoirs based on porosity inversion with optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhao Bin , Gao Chuqiao , Hou Jiagen , Li Zhaoping , Gao Gang , Zhang Hairong
Published: June 2020

Building a 3D porosity model for the carbonate reservoir is crucial for the planning of hydrocarbon development. However, properly estimating the porosity of carbonate reservoir using wireline logs is still a challenge task due to the complexity of vugs. We treat the porosity estimate of carbonate as an optimization problem and propose to estimate the porosity of carbonate reservoir by integrating several kinds of petrophysics data. We begin with establishing a series of linear equations between the porosity and wireline logs. The objective is computing a porosity value that simultaneously minimizes the defined linear equations. The multi-functions minimization can successfully improve the robust of the proposed method to noise and the “small” wireline log values due to the complex dissolution vug reservoirs. We build 3D porosity model by applying the cooperative kriging stochastic simulation algorithm to the porosity estimated at well bore location and inverted P-impedance from seismic data. We demonstrate the proposed workflow by applying it to the Ordovician carbonate dissolution-vug reservoir in the L area of Tahe oilfield. The statistical analysis shows that the built 3D model has a high correlation with the dynamic production data of the reservoir.
Machine learning for geophysical characterization of brittleness: Tuscaloosa Marine Shale case study
Authors: Mlella Mark , Ma Ming , Zhang Rui , Mokhtari Mehdi
Published: June 2020

Brittleness is one of the most important reservoir properties for unconventional reservoir exploration and production. Better knowledge about the brittleness distribution can help to optimize the hydraulic fracturing operation and lower costs. However, there are very few reliable and effective physical models to predict the spatial distribution of brittleness. We have developed a machine learning-based method to predict subsurface brittleness by using multidiscipline data sets, such as seismic attributes, rock physics, and petrophysics information, which allows us to implement the prediction without using a physical model. The method is applied on a data set from Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, and the predicted rock physics template is close to the calculated value from conventional inverted elastic parameters. Therefore, the proposed method helps determine areas of the reservoir that have optimal geomechanical properties for successful hydraulic fracturing.
The effectiveness of spectral decomposition-based layer thickness estimation: A seismic physical modeling example
Authors: Filgueiras Pereira Tiago , Oliveira Sérgio Adriano Moura
Published: June 2020

We have constructed a channel complex model at a scale of 1:10,000 by stacking 3D-printed polylactide layers with negative relief meandering channels. This model was subjected to an ultrasonic common-offset acquisition in a water tank (with the water filling the channels), and the result was treated as a zero-offset 3D acoustic reflection seismogram, receiving a deterministic deconvolution and a poststack migration as data treatment. We then developed an algorithm to yield volumes of estimated two-way time layer thickness from multiple-frequency volumes obtained through the short-time Fourier transform. The estimated thicknesses were compared with the measurements of the physical model obtained through X-ray computed tomography. Despite the strong signal attenuation and imaging issues, the results were rather satisfactory, increasing the confidence in using spectral decomposition for quantitative seismic analysis.
Referral of patients with emotionally unstable personality disorder for specialist psychological therapy: why, when and how?
Authors: Roughley Matthew , Maguire Amy , Wood Grace , Lee Tennyson
Published: June 2020

Although we commonly work with patients with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) in community mental health teams (CMHTs), only some enter evidence-based psychological therapies. Many patients are not considered ready to engage in specialist treatments and remain in CMHTs without any clear focus or structure to their treatment, which is unsatisfactory for patients, clinicians and services. We present a fictional case and synthesise available literature and lived experience to explore readiness and ways to promote it. We highlight relevant issues for trainees to consider in practice. Patients with EUPD who have not received specialist treatment can be considered in terms of the transtheoretical model's stages of change. Identifying a patient's stage can help guide how to increase readiness for referral and decide when to refer. Interventions available to all healthcare professionals which may promote readiness include: psychoeducation, personal formulations, crisis planning, goal-setting, peer support, distress tolerance skills, motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
What opportunities do early career psychiatrists have in Europe and beyond?
Authors: Pinto da Costa Mariana , Kilic Ozge , Ismayilova Jamila , Mogren Tove , Smirnova Daria , Gondek Tomasz M.
Published: June 2020

The European Psychiatric Association (EPA), the main association in the field of mental health in Europe, has long been supporting the development of early career psychiatrists. The EPA Early Career Psychiatrists Committee (ECPC) and its core task forces promote research activities among young psychiatrists, contribute to their professional development through organising courses and other educational events, prepare online educational materials and publications, and actively collaborate with other organisations. The EPA ECPC is always open to fostering cooperation on new professional, educational or research initiatives with early career psychiatrists from different countries.
Comparable Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation from Lactose or Sucrose during Exercise
Authors: ODELL OLIVER J. , PODLOGAR TIM , WALLIS GARETH A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Ingesting readily oxidized carbohydrates (CHO) such as sucrose during exercise can improve endurance performance. Whether lactose can be utilized as a fuel source during exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic response to lactose ingestion during exercise, compared with sucrose or water.

Methods

Eleven participants (age, 22 ± 4 yr; V̇O2peak, 50.9 ± 4.7 mL·min−1·kg−1) cycled at 50% W
max for 150 min on five occasions. Participants ingested CHO beverages (lactose or sucrose; 48 g·h−1, 0.8 g·min−1) or water throughout exercise. Total substrate and exogenous CHO oxidation was estimated using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques (naturally high 13C-abundance CHO ingestion). Naturally low 13C-abundance CHO trials were conducted to correct background shifts in breath 13CO2 production. Venous blood samples were taken to determine plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations.

Results

Mean exogenous CHO oxidation rates were comparable with lactose (0.56 ± 0.19 g·min−1) and sucrose (0.61 ± 0.10 g·min−1; P = 0.49) ingestion. Endogenous CHO oxidation contributed less to energy expenditure in lactose (38% ± 14%) versus water (50% ± 11%, P = 0.01) and sucrose (50% ± 7%, P ≤ 0.05). Fat oxidation was higher in lactose (42% ± 8%) than in sucrose (28% ± 6%; P ≤ 0.01); CHO conditions were lower than water (50% ± 11%; P ≤ 0.05). Plasma glucose was higher in lactose and sucrose than in water (P ≤ 0.01); plasma lactate was higher in sucrose than in water (P ≤ 0.01); plasma nonesterified fatty acids were higher in water than in sucrose (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions

Lactose and sucrose exhibited similar exogenous CHO oxidation rates during exercise at moderate ingestion rates. Compared with sucrose ingestion, lactose resulted in higher fat and lower endogenous CHO oxidation.
Exercise and Protein Effects on Strength and Function with Weight Loss in Older Women
Authors: EVANS ELLEN M. , STRAIGHT CHAD R. , REED RACHELLE A. , BERG ALISON C. , ROWE DAVID A. , JOHNSON MARY ANN
Published: June 2020

Obesity negatively affects lower extremity physical function (LEPF) in older adults. Exercise and a higher protein diet are both known to positively and independently affect body composition, muscle strength, and LEPF during weight loss; however, their potential interactive effects have not been well characterized in older women.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of a higher protein diet with or without exercise to improve body composition, muscle strength, and LEPF in older inactive overweight/obese women after weight loss.

Methods

Postmenopausal women (body mass index = 31.1 ± 5.1 kg·m−2, 69.2 ± 3.6 yr) completed a 6-month weight loss program after randomization to three groups (n = 72 randomized; 15% dropout): 1) higher protein diet (PRO, ~30% energy from protein; n = 20), 2) PRO plus exercise (PRO + EX; n = 19), or 3) a conventional protein control diet plus EX (CON + EX, ~18% energy from protein; n = 22). EX was supervised, multicomponent (aerobic, muscle strengthening, balance, and flexibility), and three sessions per week. Body composition was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, leg strength by isokinetic dynamometry, and LEPF via 6-min walk, 8-ft up and go, and 30-s chair stand tests.

Results

Changes in weight (−7.5 ± 4.1 kg; −9.2% ± 4.8%), fat mass, and leg lean mass did not differ among groups (all P > 0.50). Despite weight loss, muscle strength improved in the exercise groups (PRO + EX and CON + EX) but it declined in the PRO group (P = 0.008). For all LEPF measures, the PRO group had attenuated improvements compared with both PRO + EX and CON + EX (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Exercise during weight loss is critical to preserve strength and enhance LEPF; however, a higher protein diet does not appear to influence body composition, muscle strength, or LEPF changes when combined with multicomponent exercise.
State, Policy and Gender at the Workplace in India: A Comparison Over Time
Authors: Warrier Manjapra Variathe Shobhana
Published: June 2020

This article seeks to compare the effect of gendered perceptions of labour on women’s presence in the workforce in early 20th-century colonial India, as nascent industry sprang up in several parts of the country, and towards the end of the 20th century. We compare the entry and exit of women workers in the mill industry of South India in the first half of the 20th century with the informalisation of labour in the fish processing industry, whose workforce was predominantly women, in the 1990s. The regulation of women’s work by means of protective laws that sheltered them from “hazardous” work and mandated benefits such as creches at the workplace and maternity benefits conditioned women’s employment in multiple ways, ranging from how they were resented and mistreated by male workers and how organised unions debated and finally championed equal wages for equal work to how women got excluded altogether. After independence, protective laws and regulations grew in number and women’s participation in the labour force steadily came down. One way to cross the hurdle to women’s large-scale employment raised by protective legislation is to employ women on informal terms. This means walking the thin line, on the part of employers, between observing the law on contract workers and their benefits in letter and complying with the law in spirit. The fish processing industry that came up along the Indian coastline is a good example of informality at the workplace mediated by gender. Differences in gender perceptions across India’s culturally varied regions explains why most workers in the fish processing industry hail from one single state, Kerala.
Leonidas Karakatsanis and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds., The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece and Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties
Authors: Rappas Alexis
Published: June 2020

Review of Leonidas Karakatsanis and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds., The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece and Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties. London: Routledge, 2017. 321 pp.
James B. Gardner and Paula Hamilton, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Public History
Authors: Salvanou Emilia
Published: June 2020

Review of James B. Gardner and Paula Hamilton, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Public History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 568 pp.
Efterpi Mitsi, Greece in Early English Travel Writing, 1596–1682
Authors: Sell Jonathan Patrick Alan
Published: June 2020

Review of Efterpi Mitsi. Greece in Early English Travel Writing, 1596–1682. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 206 pp.
Planet Earth is screaming. Will you listen?
Authors: Palla Maria M. , Bethani H. , Mourtou L. , Argyri P.
Published: June 2020

The problem we are trying to solve is associated with air pollution caused by the use of unsustainable energy sources, especially by cars. Our aim is to inform people about the problem of air pollution and motivate them. As a solution, we are presenting the use of sustainable energy sources. The main goal of our project is to create the environmentally ideal city (based on the city we live in, New Smyrna), in which only sustainable energy sources will be used. Firstly, our project aims to make people understand the problem by presenting the consequences of the use of unsustainable energy sources through videos, researches, statistics and even games, to promote sustainable energy sources and make the advantages of them known to the people and to create a city that runs completely on sustainable energy sources, as well as the presentation of the city in a model.
iMutSig: a web application to identify the most similar mutational signature using shiny
Authors: Yang Zhi , Pandey Priyatama , Marjoram Paul , Siegmund Kimberly D.
Published: June 2020

There are two frameworks for characterizing mutational signatures which are commonly used to describe the nucleotide patterns that arise from mutational processes. Estimated mutational signatures from fitting these two methods in human cancer can be found online, in the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) website or a GitHub repository. The two frameworks make differing assumptions regarding independence of base pairs and for that reason may produce different results. Consequently, there is a need to compare and contrast the results of the two methods, but no such tool currently exists. In this paper, we provide a simple and intuitive interface that allows such comparisons to be easily performed. When using our software, the user may download published mutational signatures of either type. Mutational signatures from the pmsignature data source are expanded to probabilistic vectors of 96-possible mutation types, the same model specification used by COSMIC, and then compared to COSMIC signatures. Cosine similarity measures the extent of signature similarity. iMutSig provides a simple and user-friendly web application allowing researchers to compare signatures from COSMIC to those from pmsignature, and vice versa. Furthermore, iMutSig allows users to input a self-defined mutational signature and examine its similarity to published signatures from both data sources. iMutSig is accessible online and source code is available for download on GitHub.
Waiting for other people: a psychoanalytic interpretation of the time for action
Authors: Osserman Jordan , Lê Aimée
Published: June 2020

Typical responses to a confrontation with failures in authority, or what Lacanians term ‘the lack in the Other’, involve attempts to shore it up. A patient undergoing psychoanalysis eventually faces the impossibility of doing this successfully; the Other will always be lacking. This creates a space through which she can reimagine how she might intervene in her suffering. Similarly, when coronavirus forces us to confront the brute fact of the lack in the Other at the socio-political level, we have the opportunity to discover a space for acting rather than continuing symptomatic behaviour that increasingly fails to work.
Os anos Jango e a questão democrática
Authors: Motta Marly Silva da
Published: June 2020

A partir do reconhecimento da extensão e profundidade da construção democrática realizada no Brasil entre 1945 e 1964, busco analisar algumas características específicas dessa construção, focando, especialmente, o período de governo do presidente João Goulart (set.1961/mar.64). Defendo a hipótese de que as várias feições da questão democrática nesse período tiveram um papel crucial na maneira como se desenrolou o golpe que encerrou o regime democrático e instituiu a ditadura no país. Palavras-chave: Questão democrática. Anos Jango. Golpe de 64.
Universidades, ditadura e cultura política
Authors: Patto Sá Motta Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

O texto empreende um esforço analítico visando compreender a essência da política universitária da ditadura, que foi eivada de paradoxos e ambiguidades. Lançando mão da categoria cultura política, a proposta é mostrar que as relações do Estado com a comunidade acadêmica foram marcadas por negociações e acomodações – paralelamente às ações repressivas – e que tais estratégias estão inscritas nas tradições políticas do país, sobretudo quando estão em cena as elites sociais. Palavras-chave: Ditadura. Universidade. Cultura política
Os estudos de problemas brasileiros na UERJ: a estrutura e as engrenagens de um projeto de socialização política
Authors: Lerner Samara Mancebo
Published: June 2020

Analisa-se neste artigo a estrutura da pós-graduação em Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros criada por militares na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos 70, durante a vigência do regime militar no Brasil. A análise dos documentos relativos à esta pós-graduação nos permite desvendar as engrenagens desse projeto de socialização política, demonstrando sua relação com a Escola Superior de Guerra  e sua Doutrina de Segurança Nacional. Sustenta-se, neste artigo, que a pós-graduação em EPB foi criada com o objetivo de socializar os jovens na ideologia política do regime militar, justamente durante o período de abertura política, quando se mostrava importante garantir a transição para outro regime político, sem a tentação das ideologias do campo da esquerda. Palavras-chave: Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros (EPB-UERJ). Escola Superior de Guerra (ESG). Socialização Política.
A “nova” Argentina (re) vista: breves considerações acerca das representações modernas “poteñas” por um paulista
Authors: Lago Mayra Coan
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar breves considerações do paulista Mário de Andrade, expressas nos quatro artigos sobre as Letras Argentinas Contemporâneas, que publicou no Diário Nacional de São Paulo entre 22 de abril e 20 de maio de 1928, sobre a “Nova” Argentina das décadas de 1920 e 1930. Mais do que expor os escritos publicados de Mário sobre o país vizinho, é preciso considerar esses momentos como de diálogo, crítica e reflexão das questões nacionais brasileiras, bem como de aproximação com a Argentina. Palavras-chave: Modernidade. Vanguardas. Mário de Andrade.
Confiança Institucional e Opinião Pública entre jovens religiosos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gracino Junior Paulo , Targino Janine , Rezende Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Este artigo mapeia a influência das instituições religiosas na opinião pública de seus fiéis, especificamente jovens, notadamente no que diz respeito às atitudes diante das demandas por reconhecimento da diversidade religiosa, de gênero e comportamento sexual. Subsidiariamente, tendo como ponto de partida os achados de outras pesquisas, avaliaremos o engajamento político e a influência da “pauta moral” como componente do voto desse segmento. A coleta de material se deu em eventos religiosos de massa ocorridos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2013 e 2016, mais especificamente, a Jornada Mundial da Juventude (católica), Marcha para Jesus (evangélica de maioria pentecostal), Caminhada por Liberdades Religiosas (ecumênica), utilizando-se como instrumento de coleta a técnica de survey; em uma segunda etapa, selecionamos alguns grupos de jovens para a realização de Grupos Focais, nos quais as questões mais pertinentes do survey puderam ser aprofundadas. A principal conclusão apresentada neste artigo é que o grupo evangélico, quando comparado aos demais aqui analisados, apresenta um contraste mais pronunciado entre sua opinião pública e os “temas controversos”, menor tolerância à diversidade religiosa, maior desconfiança com relação às instituições públicas e maior confiança na instituição religiosa.Palavras-chave: Jovens religiosos. Confiança institucional. Instituições religiosas.
COVID-19 and settled science
Authors: Winter George
Published: June 2020

With advice and research continously changing and updating, George Winter examines how appropiate the use of the phrase ‘settled science’ is, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic
Record keeping and prescribing
Authors: Armstrong Amanda
Published: June 2020

This article will look at the importance of record keeping during the process of prescribing for the non-medical prescriber. It will focus on the professional and legal requirements, in particular in relation to prescribing medication for a patient; whether that consultation is face-to-face, or remotely via telephone, skype or email. It will also address record keeping requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Paramedic independent prescribing in primary care: seven steps to success
Authors: Edwards Judith , Coward Melaine , Carey Nicola
Published: June 2020

Paramedic practice is evolving and the number of advanced paramedics in primary care roles in the UK has risen dramatically. Recent legislation granting paramedics independent prescribing rights means UK paramedics are the first worldwide to receive this extension in scope of practice – a significant milestone for the paramedic profession. Paramedic prescribing capability is expected to increase autonomy for independent case management and enhance capacity for service development. However, local and national success is likely to depend on skilful implementation and avoidance of historical barriers. This article aims to raise awareness of potential barriers to early adoption of paramedic independent prescribing in primary care. It identifies common pitfalls prior to training and provides seven practical steps for paramedics considering pursuing non-medical prescribing training.
Generating plasmonic vortex field with spin-dependent metananoslots
Authors: Gao Lu , Rui Guanghao , Ding Chuanchuan , Hu Yueqiu , Gu Bing , Cui Yiping
Published: June 2020

In the last decade, the plasmonic vortex field has been studied extensively due to intriguing properties such as high field enhancement, optical singularity, and orbital angular momentum. In this work, we propose metananoslots that consist of paired orthogonal nanoslots arranged in an Archimedes spiral distribution. The metananoslots work as a plasmonic vortex lens that enables the synthesis of a highly tunable plasmonic vortex via the strong interaction between the illumination and the slots etched on the gold film. By adjusting the orientation of the orthogonal nanoslots pair, the metananoslots exhibit strong and controllable spin-dependent effects. The topological charge of the plasmonic vortex is found to be determined by both the incident spin and the geometrical topological charge of the metananoslots, making it suitable for applications such as optical manipulation, optical trapping, and optical data storage.
Plasmonic-enhanced light emission from a waveguide-integrated tunnel junction
Authors: Huang Baohu , Liu Yan , Chua Soojin , Liu Zhenguo , Lu Weibing , Guo Yongxin , Gao Siping
Published: June 2020

Light emission from inelastic electron tunneling has been demonstrated for 40 years. The ultrafast response rate and the ultracompact footprint make it promising for high-speed miniaturized light sources. But the application of the tunnel junction is limited by extremely low external quantum efficiency due to the low proportion of inelastic tunneling electron and wave vector mismatch between surface plasmons and photon emission. Here, we present a plasmonic-enhanced metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction coupled to a silicon waveguide with a coplanar electrode connected to a nanoantenna. The proposed tunnel junction can be fabricated using existing semiconductor planar processes to achieve controllable barrier thickness and quality for vertical current injection. Finally, an electrically driven light source with a radiation power nearly 8000 times higher than the spontaneous emission power in free space is shown to be achievable with the new structure at an operating wavelength of 1.31 µm. It is 510-fold higher than that of typical planar MIS junctions.
Variational model for simultaneously image denoising and contrast enhancement
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Caixia , Ng Michael K.
Published: June 2020

The performance of contrast enhancement is degraded when input images are noisy. In this paper, we propose and develop a variational model for simultaneously image denoising and contrast enhancement. The idea is to propose a variational approach containing an energy functional to adjust the pixel values of an input image directly so that the resulting histogram can be redistributed to be uniform and the noise of the image can be removed. In the proposed model, a histogram equalization term is considered for image contrast enhancement, a total variational term is incorporate to remove the noise of the input image, and a fidelity term is added to keep the structure and the texture of the input image. The existence of the minimizer and the convergence of the proposed algorithm are studied and analyzed. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed model compared with existing methods in terms of several measures: average local contrast, discrete entropy, structural similarity index, measure of enhancement, absolute measure of enhancement, and second derivative like measure of enhancement.
Cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT)
Authors: Xu Di , Coleto Andres Garcia , Moon Benjamin , Papa Jonathan C. , Pomerantz Michael , Rolland Jannick P.
Published: June 2020

Significant advances for optical systems in terms of both performance and packaging are enabled by freeform optical components. Yet, surface form metrology for freeform optics remains a challenge. We developed and investigated a point-cloud cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) technique to address this metrology challenge. The mathematical framework for the working principle of C-OCT is presented. A novel detection scheme is developed to enable high-speed measurements. Experimental results validate the C-OCT technique with the prototype setup demonstrating single-point precision of ±26 nm (∼λ/24 at the He-Ne wavelength), paving the way towards full surface measurements on freeform optical components.
Switchable bifunctional metasurfaces: nearly perfect retroreflection and absorption at the terahertz regime
Authors: Zhu Shan , Cao Yanyan , Fu Yangyang , Li Xiaochao , Gao Lei , Chen Huanyang , Xu Yadong
Published: June 2020

Here we make use of vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) to design a bifunctional metasurface working at the same targeted frequency. With the increase of temperature, the functionality of the designed metasurface can switch from a multichannel retroreflector to a perfect absorber, caused by the phase transition of

V
O

2

from insulator to conductor. Different from traditional bifunctional metasurfaces designed by simple composition of two functionalities, our proposed bifunctional metasurface is based on the interaction between two functionalities. The device shows good potential for the combination of wavefront manipulation and optical absorption, therefore providing a promising approach for switchable detection and antidetection devices.
Modulational-instability-free pulse compression in anti-resonant hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Köttig Felix , Tani Francesco , Russell Philip St.J.
Published: June 2020

Gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used for efficient nonlinear temporal compression of femtosecond laser pulses, two main schemes being direct soliton-effect self-compression and spectral broadening followed by phase compensation. To obtain stable compressed pulses, it is crucial to avoid decoherence through modulational instability (MI) during spectral broadening. Here, we show that changes in dispersion due to spectral anti-crossings between the fundamental-core mode and core wall resonances in anti-resonant-guiding hollow-core PCF can strongly alter the MI gain spectrum, enabling MI-free pulse compression for optimized fiber designs. The results are important, since MI cannot always be suppressed by pumping in the normal dispersion regime.
Efficiency of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Ethylene Glycol on Subsequent Development of Vitrified Awassi Sheep Embryos
Authors: Mardenli Omar R , Mohammad MS , Hassooni HA
Published: June 2020

The use of cryoprotectants in vitrification would reduce the critical damages to the embryos, thus increase the survival rates. This research was conducted in the laboratory of reproductive biotechnology at the faculty of Agriculture of Aleppo University.  The study aimed to evaluate the viability and survivability of early Syrian Awassi embryos under the influence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) following vitrification. Embryos were vitrified in three solutions of cryoprotectants (A: DMSO (3 ml), B: EG (3 ml), and C which was composed of a combination of DMSO (1.5 ml) and EG (1.5 ml)). After thawing, embryos that had been vitrified in C solution achieved the highest rates of cleavage (P< 0.01) comparing with A and B solutions for 2-16 cell stage (50.00% Vs 30.77% and 36.36%), morula (9.00% Vs 44.44% and 40.00%) and blastocyst stage embryos (92.86% Vs 58.33% and 50.00%) respectively. Down to the hatching blastocyst stage, 2-16 cell stage vitrified embryos in C solution achieved an encouraging rate comparing with A and B solutions (39.20% Vs23.08% and 22.73% respectively). The rates of arrested embryos decreased significantly (P< 0.05) after thawing across the three solutions especially the morula and blastocyst stage (0.00 and 3.70% respectively) (C solution). No significant differences were observed in the three types of embryos across all stages and solutions despite the large range among these rates. Given the apparent benefit of the participatory effect of cytoprotectants, it is advised to use a mixture of DMSO and EG (1:1) in vitrification of ovine embryos.
Prácticas de la larga duración y la extensión. Aproximaciones a Cuadernos de Lengua y Literatura de Mario Ortiz y Leñador de Mike Wilson
Authors: Contreras Sandra
Published: June 2020

Este artículo propone una lectura de los Cuadernos de lengua y literatura de Mario Ortiz y de Leñador de Mike Wilson como narrativas de larga duración en las que, no obstante sus evidentes diferencias en estilos y formatos, la escritura funciona como una práctica (material y terapéutica) indisociable de un encuentro radical con la materia, en tanto como una experiencia de constatación, y de un encuentro radical con las palabras, entendido como una huida del lenguaje hacia la manifestación de las cosas o hacia la extinción del yo.
Estrategias de dominación editorial: la exportación del libro infantil y juvenil español en América Latina (1977–2017)
Authors: Guijarro Arribas Delia
Published: June 2020

Este artículo examina el proceso de implantación de las editoriales españolas en los mercados del libro de América Latina. A través del foco de los libros de literatura infantil y juvenil el artículo analiza las estrategias puestas en marcha para imponer una dominación editorial y literaria en el área lingüística hispanohablante.
Espacios proyectivos: notas para leer a Greco
Authors: La Rocca Paula
Published: June 2020

Este artículo se propone indagar la poesía visual argentina contemporánea tomando como lugar de anclaje el soporte de papel. Reflexionamos sobre el soporte en tanto volumen donde las palabras organizan la superficie de la composición. Desde la propiedad táctil del papel revisamos las formas que en él se inscriben junto a cierta resistencia propia de la materia y su relación con un modo específico de producción histórica. Para pensar la plasticidad de este espacio imagístico nos proponemos revisar la obra de Alberto Greco. Particularmente la producción que rodea al Gran Manifiesto–Rollo del arte Vivo-Dito, la cual encontró, en el rollo de papel, la singularidad de un recorrido de la palabra a la vez plástico y colectivo. Las formas contemporáneas que apuestan por el trabajo sobre papel proponen leer nudos cargados de historia, sobrevivencias que funcionan en los pliegues del soporte. Si el espacio de la hoja se percibe como el lugar en donde las imágenes crecen, se repiten, se deforman; la poesía visual —su tránsito entre imagen y escritura, entre letra y línea, entre sutura y composición— propone agregar a la superficie un desvío temporal que pliega sobre la palabra la complejidad del tiempo histórico.
Por un materialismo de la infancia. Una lectura de Las cosas de Arnaldo Antunes
Authors: Canseco Adriana
Published: June 2020

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos conjeturar la idea de un «materialismo de la infancia» en Las cosas de Arnaldo Antunes. Las características editoriales del libro permiten elaborar a partir de la relación entre imagen y escritura, un primer acercamiento al carácter «infantil» de Las cosas en el que será central el concepto de lengua apócrifa de Jean-Luc Nancy para delimitar su alcance e implicancias. La idea de infancia como umbral entre lenguaje y experiencia pondrá en juego a su vez el cuerpo como memoria táctil (Barthes) que trama el territorio material de la escritura. Este ejercicio de manipulación lúdica de la materia del lenguaje nos llevará a preguntarnos de qué manera la poesía juega en el límite que lleva la lengua hasta el extremo de sí misma.
Estéticas de lo residual. Ruina, materialidad y escritura en Carlos Ríos
Authors: Neuburger Ana
Published: June 2020

En la literatura argentina reciente es posible advertir hace ya algún tiempo la emergencia de espacios derruidos, de tiempos heterogéneos, de restos y desechos. Desde escenarios apocalípticos hasta el exceso de basura y escombros, lo residual adquiere relevancia y produce un desajuste en el imaginario estético contemporáneo. Quisiéramos leer este desplazamiento a partir de la figura de la ruina y el campo de relaciones que abre entre imagen, escritura, materialidad y tiempo. ¿De qué modo se reactivan los restos del pasado? ¿Qué lengua los nombra? ¿Qué procedimientos operan allí? Este trabajo explora en la escritura de Carlos Ríos —Manigua y Cuaderno de Pripyat— el vínculo que establece con una serie de imágenes al borde de la descomposición. Ambas ficciones configuran un tiempo presente que se encuentra escindido, es decir, una temporalidad signada por los restos de un mundo fragmentario. La ruina, en este sentido, redefine el estado de la materia y del presente, ya que su aparición en el escenario contemporáneo revierte el diagnóstico decadente para afirmarse como la persistencia material del pasado en el presente.
Sobre: Dar para leer. El problema de la selección de textos en la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura, de Paula Labeur. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: UNIPE, 2019
Authors: Pionetti Marinella
Published: June 2020

Sobre: Dar para leer. El problema de la selección de textos en la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura, de Paula Labeur. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: UNIPE, 2019
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING IMPLICIT MILSTEIN METHOD
Authors: Herdiana Ratna
Published: June 2020

Stiff stochastic differential equations arise in many applications including in the area of biology. In this paper, we present numerical solution of stochastic differential equations representing the Malthus population model and SIS epidemic model, using the improved implicit Milstein method of order one proposed in [6]. The open source programming language SCILAB is used to perform the numerical simulations. Results show that the method is more accurate and stable compared to the implicit Euler method.
Memahami Sastra Teenlit dengan Model Potong Naskah dan Membaca Kritis pada Mata Kuliah Pengkajian Cerkan Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Undip Semarang
Authors: Waluyo Sukarjo
Published: June 2020

Teenlit tells the story of teenage social themes with simple and light language. Western culture and personality that became the main background was finally adopted by Indonesian youth. This is seen in their behavior and social life. However, teenlit can be used as an effective adolescent character education medium. This study explains the desired characteristics of adolescents. This can be seen when teenagers read teenlit with the model cut into scripts and critical reading. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method. This method is used to identify the culture and personality of Western teenagers contained in teenlit. This study also uses observation to find out how adolescent responses are related to character education. Results from this study: 1) adolescent understanding of Western youth culture and personality; 2) adolescent understanding of Western youth culture and personality adopted from adolescents, among others: clothing and fashion, interpreting entertainment, and how to get along; 3) the expected formulation of teenage characters.Keywords: Teenlit; teenager; culture; and personality.IntisariTeenlit bercerita tentang tema sosial remaja dengan sederhana dan bahasa ringan. Budaya dan kepribadian Barat yang menjadi latar utama akhirnya diadopsi oleh remaja Indonesia. Hal ini tampak dalam perilaku dan kehidupan sosial mereka. Namun, teenlit dapat digunakan sebagai media pendidikan karakter remaja yang efektif. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang karakter yang diinginkan remaja. Hal ini tampak saat remaja membaca teenlit dengan model potong naskah dan membaca kritis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi budaya dan kepribadian remaja Barat yang terkandung dalam teenlit. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan observasi untuk mengetahui bagaimana tanggapan remaja terkait dengan pendidikan karakter. Hasil dari penelitian ini: 1) pemahaman remaja tentang budaya dan kepribadian remaja Barat; 2) pemahaman remaja tentang budaya dan kepribadian remaja Barat yang diadopsi dari remaja, antara lain: pakaian dan mode, menafsirkan hiburan, dan bagaimana bergaul; 3) perumusan karakter remaja yang diharapkan.Kata kunci: Teenlit; remaja; budaya; dan kepribadian.
Diksi Bung Karno dalam Memoar Sarinah: Sebuah Analisis Wacana Kritis Feminis Model Sara Mills
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto
Published: June 2020

This study aims to explain the use of words or phrase categories: general form; mark and not mark; naming and androcentrism; and semantic derogation in Sarinah's memoir. The material object of this research is Sarinah's memoir, written by Bung Karno and formal object is words and phrases used in Sarinah's memoir. Obtaining the data of this study uses the refer method. Data analysis was used the matching (padan) method. This study uses a tool analysis of the theory of critical analysis of feminist stylistics in Sara Mills's model. The results of the data analysis show that naming and androcentrism, such as the soft or weak, the stupid, the short-minded, the nerimo, the beauty, and the "sex-appeal are the most used in Sarinah's memoir. The intensive use of naming and androcentrism because our lives are based on patriarchal culture. The impact of the practice of the patriarchal system is the intensive use of words and phrases that have mark or not mark, such as the movement of women, liberate women, International Women's Day, women weaving workers, Women's Day and International Women's Day. The use of general form words or phrases in Sarinah's memoirs is used at least and even semantic derogation words or phrases are not used in Sarinah's memoirs.Intisari Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pemakaian kata-kata atau frasa kategori: betuk umum;  bermarkah dan tidak bermarkah; penamaan dan androsentrisme; dan derogasi semantik dalam memoar Sarinah. Objek material penelitian ini adalah memoar Sarinah, karya Bung Karno dan objek formalnya adalah pemilihan kata dan frasa yang digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah. Pemerolehan data studi ini mempergunakan metode simak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan. Studi ini menggunakan pisau analisis teori analisis wacana kritis stilistika feminis model Sara Mills. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penamaan dan androsentrisme, seperti kaum lemah, kaum bodo, kaum singkat pikiran, kaum nerimo, kecantikannya, kejelitaannya, dan “sex-appeal paling banyaak digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah.  Intensifnya penggunaan kata atau frasa penamaan dan androsentrisme karena kehidupan kita berbasis budaya patriarkhi. Dampak dari praktik sistem patriarkhi adalah intensifnya penggunaan kata dan frasa bermarkah atau tidak bermarkah,seperti pergerakan wanita, merdekalah wanita, Hari Wanita Internasional, kaum buruh tenun wanita, Hari Wanita dan Hari Internasional kaum buruh wanita. Pemakaian kata-kata atau frasa bentuk umum dalam memoar Sarinah paling sedikit dipergunakan dan bahkan kata-kata atau frasa derogasi semantik tidak digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah.