bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived facial age and biochemical indicators of glycemia in adult men and women
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Nowak-Kornicka Judyta , Osochocka Adriana , Pawłowski Bogusław
Published: June 2022

Glycemia is linked with one of the key mechanisms underlying the aging process and inter-individual differences in biological age. Previous research showed that glucose level is linked with perceived age in elder individuals. This study aimed to verify if glycemia is related to perceived facial age in healthy adult individuals as interventions in younger and healthy cohorts are crucial for preventing the onset of age-related diseases. The study sample consisted of 116 healthy men of mean age 35.53 ± 3.54 years (29.95–44.29) and 163 healthy women of mean age 28.38 ± 2.40 (24.25–34.17) years. Glycemia was evaluated by fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin level. BMI, facial sexual dimorphism, estradiol, testosterone, and hsCRP levels were controlled. Perceived age was evaluated based on standardized facial photos in an online survey. Additionally perceived facial aging was calculated as a difference between perceived age and chronological age. No relationship between the levels of biochemical indicators of glycemia and perceived facial age or aging was found both in men and women, also when controlled for possible confounders. This study shows that perceived facial age in adult individuals is rather linked with body adiposity of sexual dimorphism but not with glycemic markers.
Deep learning-based kcat prediction enables improved enzyme-constrained model reconstruction
Authors: Li Feiran , Yuan Le , Lu Hongzhong , Li Gang , Chen Yu , Engqvist Martin K. M. , Kerkhoven Eduard J. , Nielsen Jens
Published: June 2022

Enzyme turnover numbers (kcat) are key to understanding cellular metabolism, proteome allocation and physiological diversity, but experimentally measuredkcatdata are sparse and noisy. Here we provide a deep learning approach (DLKcat) for high-throughputkcatprediction for metabolic enzymes from any organism merely from substrate structures and protein sequences. DLKcat can capturekcatchanges for mutated enzymes and identify amino acid residues with a strong impact onkcatvalues. We applied this approach to predict genome-scalekcatvalues for more than 300 yeast species. Additionally, we designed a Bayesian pipeline to parameterize enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic models from predictedkcatvalues. The resulting models outperformed the corresponding original enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic models from previous pipelines in predicting phenotypes and proteomes, and enabled us to explain phenotypic differences. DLKcat and the enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic model construction pipeline are valuable tools to uncover global trends of enzyme kinetics and physiological diversity, and to further elucidate cellular metabolism on a large scale.
Capturing additional genetic risk from family history for improved polygenic risk prediction
Authors: Lu Tianyuan , Forgetta Vincenzo , Richards J. Brent , Greenwood Celia M. T.
Published: June 2022

Family history of complex traits may reflect transmitted rare pathogenic variants, intra-familial shared exposures to environmental and lifestyle factors, as well as a common genetic predisposition. We developed a latent factor model to quantify trait heritability in excess of that captured by a common variant-based polygenic risk score, but inferable from family history. For 941 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a joint predictor combining a polygenic risk score for height and mid-parental height was able to explain ~55% of the total variance in sex-adjusted adult height z-scores, close to the estimated heritability. Marginal yet consistent risk prediction improvements were also achieved among ~400,000 European ancestry participants for 11 complex diseases in the UK Biobank. Our work showcases a paradigm for risk calculation, and supports incorporation of family history into polygenic risk score-based genetic risk prediction models.
MALAT1-dependent hsa_circ_0076611 regulates translation rate in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Turco Chiara , Esposito Gabriella , Iaiza Alessia , Goeman Frauke , Benedetti Anna , Gallo Enzo , Daralioti Theodora , Perracchio Letizia , Sacconi Andrea , Pasanisi Patrizia , Muti Paola , Pulito Claudio , Strano Sabrina , Ianniello Zaira , Fatica Alessandro , Forcato Mattia , Fazi Francesco , Blandino Giovanni , Fontemaggi Giulia
Published: June 2022

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is the most commonly expressed angiogenic growth factor in solid tumors and is generated as multiple isoforms through alternative mRNA splicing. Here, we show that lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) and ID4 (inhibitor of DNA-binding 4) protein, previously referred to as regulators of linear isoforms of VEGFA, induce back-splicing of VEGFA exon 7, producing circular RNA circ_0076611. Circ_0076611 is detectable in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and tissues, in exosomes released from TNBC cells and in the serum of breast cancer patients. Circ_0076611 interacts with a variety of proliferation-related transcripts, included MYC and VEGFA mRNAs, and increases cell proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, circ_0076611 favors the expression of its target mRNAs by facilitating their interaction with components of the translation initiation machinery. These results add further complexity to the multiple VEGFA isoforms expressed in cancer cells and highlight the relevance of post-transcriptional regulation of VEGFA expression in TNBC cells.
DnaK response to expression of protein mutants is dependent on translation rate and stability
Authors: Christensen Signe , Rämisch Sebastian , André Ingemar
Published: June 2022

Chaperones play a central part in the quality control system in cells by clearing misfolded and aggregated proteins. The chaperone DnaK acts as a sensor for molecular stress by recognising short hydrophobic stretches of misfolded proteins. As the level of unfolded protein is a function of protein stability, we hypothesised that the level of DnaK response upon overexpression of recombinant proteins would be correlated to stability. Using a set of mutants of the λ-repressor with varying thermal stabilities and a fluorescent reporter system, the effect of stability on DnaK response and protein abundance was investigated. Our results demonstrate that the initial DnaK response is largely dependent on protein synthesis rate but as the recombinantly expressed protein accumulates and homeostasis is approached the response correlates strongly with stability. Furthermore, we observe a large degree of cell-cell variation in protein abundance and DnaK response in more stable proteins.
Anchor-based bisulfite sequencing determines genome-wide DNA methylation
Authors: Chapin Nathaniel , Fernandez Joseph , Poole Jason , Delatte Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) is the current standard for DNA methylation profiling. However, this approach is costly as it requires sequencing coverage over the entire genome. Here we introduce Anchor-Based Bisulfite Sequencing (ABBS). ABBS captures accurate DNA methylation information in Escherichia coli and mammals, while requiring up to 10 times fewer sequencing reads than WGBS. ABBS interrogates the entire genome and is not restricted to the CpG islands assayed by methods like Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). The ABBS protocol is simple and can be performed in a single day.
Meteoritic materials within sulfate aerosol particles in the troposphere are detected with transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Adachi Kouji , Oshima Naga , Takegawa Nobuyuki , Moteki Nobuhiro , Koike Makoto
Published: June 2022

When meteorites impact the Earth’s atmosphere, they fractionalize and ablate, generating aerosol particles containing extraplanetary materials. Meteoritic materials have been identified among aerosol particles using elemental markers (iron and magnesium); however, their shapes and mixing states are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the presence of meteoritic materials collected by a research aircraft from the troposphere over the western Pacific using transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of meteoritic elements within individual particles coincided with sulfur, indicating that they were in forms of sulfates, i.e., water-soluble. Enhanced number fractions of sulfate particles with meteoritic materials were observed during tropopause-folding events, suggesting that they originated from the stratosphere. We also estimated the potential contributions of the Chelyabinsk meteorite event, which occurred 5 months prior to the sampling and represents the largest meteorite event in the past century. This study provides unique observational evidence for the linkage between extraplanetary materials and tropospheric aerosols.
A pyrylium salt-based fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of methylamine vapour
Authors: Yin Wenzhu , Wang Hongjin , Deng Bihua , Ma Fang , Zhang Jinqiu , Zhou Mingxu , Wang Haiyang , Lu Yu
Published: June 2022

The MTPY exhibits an obvious fluorescence response from yellow to cyan when reacted with CH3NH2with a low detection limit (2.6 ppt, 8.4 × 10−8M). The sensing mechanism was traced by mass spectrometry.
Octahydropyrimido[4,5-g]quinazoline-5,10-diones: their multicomponent synthesis, self-assembly on graphite and electrochemistry
Authors: Van Hoof Max , Bynens Lize , Daelemans Brent , González Miriam Candelaria Rodríguez , Van Meervelt Luc , De Feyter Steven , Dehaen Wim
Published: June 2022

A green multicomponent synthesis of previously unreported octahydropyrimido[4,5-g]quinazoline-5,6-diones was developed from simple building blocks. These compounds show strong propensity towards self-assembled molecular network formation on graphite.
Exploiting consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) in CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Fang Youting , Liu Ting , Chen Longxin , Chao Duobin
Published: June 2022

The consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) process has been disclosed to activate a molecular ruthenium complex for CO2 photoreduction.
NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for high-efficiency electrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide to ammonia
Authors: Meng Ge , Wei Tianran , Liu Weijia , Li Wenbo , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Wenxian , Liu Qian , Bao Haihong , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: June 2022

A NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array is designed as an efficient NORR catalyst for NH3electrosynthesis with a maximal FE of 82% and the highest yield rate of 1586.7 μg h−1mgcat.−1, exceeding most recently reported results.
Strategies toward anode stabilization in nonaqueous alkali metal–oxygen batteries
Authors: Zhou Congcong , Lu Kangkang , Zhou Shiyu , Liu Yihao , Fang Weiwei , Hou Yuyang , Ye Jilei , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Liu Lili , Wu Yuping
Published: June 2022

This highlight demonstrates the challenges and latest progress in stabilizing the metal anode in nonaqueous alkali metal–oxygen batteries.
Catalytic enantioselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with fluorinated dipolarophiles
Authors: Cristóbal Christian , Gaviña Daniel , Alonso Inés , Ribagorda María , Carretero Juan C. , del Pozo Carlos , Adrio Javier
Published: June 2022

A copper catalyzed highly diastereo and enantioselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition for the preparation of fluorinated hexahydrocromenopyrrolidines is reported.
Engineering nickel vacancies in NiCo LDH nanoarrays accelerates hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: He Wenjun , Cao Da , Ma Dongqin , Li Ying , Chen Cong , Liang Limin , Liu Hui
Published: June 2022

NiCo LDH-VNi/CC exhibits excellent HER and OER activities, requiring only 195 and 227 mV overpotentials to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, and sustained for 100 h with almost no degradation.
An isotropic three-dimensional organic semiconductor 2-(thiopyran-4-ylidene)-1,3-benzodithiole (TP-BT): asymmetric molecular design to suppress access resistance
Authors: Nishimoto Hiroshi , Kadoya Tomofumi , Miyake Rikyu , Oda Takeshi , Nishida Jun-ichi , Kubo Kazuya , Tajima Hiroyuki , Kawase Takeshi , Yamada Jun-ichi
Published: June 2022

We report the synthesis of P-BT and TP-BT and their OTFT properties based on electronic dimensionality and access resistance (Racc). TP-BT can suppress Racc due to its 3D electronic structure.
Novel MnO2/reduced graphene oxide micromotors for the highly efficient removal of tetrabromobisphenol A in aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Zengze , Tan Fang , Zheng Ziwei , Liu Yanlin , Chen Yangwei , LufengChen  , Liu Yanqun
Published: June 2022

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based self-propelled micromotors incorporated with manganese oxide (MnO2) removed tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) efficiently in aqueous solutions.
Neuroprotective effect of thiamine-producing lactic acid bacteria in a murine Parkinsonian model
Authors: Teran María del Milagro , Perez Visñuk Daiana , Savoy de Giori Graciela , de Moreno de LeBlanc Alejandra , LeBlanc Jean Guy
Published: June 2022

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1905*, a thiamine producing strain, was beneficial in a Parkinsonian model by improving motor skills and preventing death of TH+ neurons. The presence of the bacterium was also related to an anti-inflammatory effect.
Amine-based pretreatments for lignocellulose fractionation and lignin valorization: a review
Authors: Ntakirutimana Samuel , Xu Tao , Liu He , Cui Jia-Qi , Zong Qiu-Jin , Liu Zhi-Hua , Li Bing-Zhi , Yuan Ying-Jin
Published: June 2022

The increasing demand for sustainable bioproducts as alternatives to fossil-based resources requires unremitting endeavor for the advancement of lignocellulose valorization.
Spherical agglomeration of high melting point drugs in water at low temperature by developing a two-step oiling-out mechanism and the design strategy
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Ma Yiming , Yu Changyou , Gao Ye , Li Kangli , Tong Li , Chen Mingyang , Gong Junbo
Published: June 2022

An efficient spherical agglomeration technology for high melting point drugs was developed by designing a two-step oiling-out (TSOO) mechanism, and spherical particles of 13 high melting point drugs were successfully prepared in water.
Organic waste valorisation towards circular and sustainable biocomposites
Authors: Lizundia Erlantz , Luzi Francesca , Puglia Debora
Published: June 2022

Organic waste valorisation into biopolymers and nanofillers potentially lowers the pressure on non-renewable resources, avoids the generation of waste-streams and opens new opportunities to develop multifunctional bio-based products.
Modeling ionization quenching in organic scintillators
Authors: Laplace Thibault A. , Goldblum Bethany L. , Brown Joshua A. , LeBlanc Glenn , Li Tianyue , Manfredi Juan J. , Brubaker Erik
Published: June 2022

Ionization quenching models were assessed by evaluating light yield data from multiple organic scintillators and recoil ions over a fission spectrum neutron energy range, important for basic science and applications.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: June 2022

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as chevalinulin A fromAspergillus chevalieri.
Nanopolymers for magnetic applications: how to choose the architecture?
Authors: Mostarac Deniz , Xiong Yan , Gang Oleg , Kantorovich Sofia
Published: June 2022

Using simulations, we compare nanopolymers with different architectures and/or magnetic nature of monomers, to reveal that nanopolymers based on DNA nanochambers are a compelling, finely tuneable platform for creating magneto-responsive materials.
c-Axis-penetrated mesoporous MWW zeolite nanosheets: preparation by H2O2-induced micro-explosion and their enhanced properties
Authors: Zhang Chunna , Lin Feng , Kong Lingtao , Ye Zhaoqi , Pan Di , Li Hongbin , Li He , Liu Peng , Zhang Yahong , Zhang Hongbin , Tang Yi
Published: June 2022

A series of highly dispersed and c-axis-penetrated mesoporous MWW oligolayers with enhanced properties was prepared via an efficient, green, and controllable method through H2O2-induced micro-explosion.
A fast-responsive fluorescent probe based on a styrylcoumarin dye for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in living MCF-7 cells and zebrafish
Authors: Tong Xu , Hao Liguo , Song Xue , Wu Shuang , Zhang Na , Li Zhongtao , Chen Song , Hou Peng
Published: June 2022

The probe COZ-DNBS displayed excellent selectivity, a fast response, high sensitivity, a large Stokes shift, and bright-yellow emission in response to H2S.
Structure-based design and synthesis of a novel long-chain 4′′-alkyl ether derivative of EGCG as potent EGFR inhibitor: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Singh Satyam , Sahadevan Revathy , Roy Rajarshi , Biswas Mainak , Ghosh Priya , Kar Parimal , Sonawane Avinash , Sadhukhan Sushabhan
Published: June 2022

Among the synthesized 4′′-alkyl EGCG derivatives, 4′′-C14 EGCG inhibited EGF stimulated phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways, ERK and Akt. 4′′-C14 EGCG showed significantly improved stability than EGCG and induced apoptosis.
Ag@ZIF-8/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst for the enhanced removal of multiple classes of antibiotics by integrated adsorption and photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation
Authors: Guo Xin , He Siyuan , Meng Zhe , Wang Yinghui , Peng Yuan
Published: June 2022

By combining the plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles and orientation effects of ZIF-8, as well as the visible-light activity of g-C3N4, we constructed a direct Z-scheme heterojunction with a co-existing Ag+/Ag0 system by an in situ coprecipitation method.
Decisive structural elements in water and ion permeation through mechanosensitive channels of large conductance: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Naeini Vahid Fadaei , Baniassadi Majid , Foroutan Masumeh , Rémond Yves , George Daniel
Published: June 2022

Graphical representation of the most determinant pore-lining side chains of Tb-MscL along with the solid surfaces depicting the spatial shape of the interior pore.
Adsorption of CO over the Heusler alloy CrCoIrGa(001) surface: first-principles insights
Authors: Mebed Abdelazim M. , Mushtaq Muhammad , Faizan Muhammad , Neffati Riadh , Laref Amel , Godara Sumegha , Maqbool Sana
Published: June 2022

Charge density difference (CDD) plots for CO adsorbed at various sites of the CrCoIrGa(001) surface. The yellow (cyan) color represents the charge accumulation (depletion) region.
A cationic BODIPY photosensitizer decorated with quaternary ammonium for high-efficiency photodynamic inhibition of bacterial growth
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Li Chaonan , Wu Qihang , Wen Hui , Sun Tingting , Xie Zhigang
Published: June 2022

A cationic BODIPY photosensitizer decorated with quaternary ammonium has been prepared that exhibits excellent photodynamic antibacterial effects.
Biosafety evaluation of dual-responsive neutrobots
Authors: Zhang Hongyue , Wang Liting , Li Zesheng , Ji Yuxing , Wu Zhiguang , He Qiang
Published: June 2022

Neutrobots carrying antitumor drugs facilitate considerable safety in vivo upon intravenous administration with high dose.
Magnetic hyperthermia induces effective and genuine immunogenic tumor cell death with respect to exogenous heating
Authors: Yan Bin , Liu Chen , Wang Siyao , Li Hugang , Jiao Ju , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Zhang Song , Hou Yayi , Hou Yuzhu , Ma Xiaowei , Fan Haiming , Lv Yi , Liu Xiaoli
Published: June 2022

This study systematically verified that magnetic hyperthermia (MH) with intracellular heating can induce genuine immunogenic tumor cell death for effective antitumor therapy, while exogenous heating fails to elicit this effect.
The paradigm of the filler's dielectric permittivity and aspect ratio in high-k polymer nanocomposites for energy storage applications
Authors: Hanani Zouhair , Mezzane Daoud , Amjoud M’barek , Lahcini Mohammed , Spreitzer Matjaž , Vengust Damjan , Jamali Arash , El Marssi Mimoun , Kutnjak Zdravko , Gouné Mohamed
Published: June 2022

The energy storage performances in ceramic/polymer nanocomposites are mainly linked to the dielectric permittivity and the aspect ratio of the nanofiller, though, the morphological effect (aspect ratio) is greater than the permittivity one.
Dithienylnaphthalenes and quaterthiophenes substituted with electron-withdrawing groups as n-type organic semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Feriancová Lucia , Cigáň Marek , Kožíšek Jozef , Gmucová Katarína , Nádaždy Vojtech , Dubaj Tibor , Sobota Michal , Novota Miroslav , Weis Martin , Putala Martin
Published: June 2022

The synthesis and subsequent complex study of two related series of derivatives with various acceptor groups reveals the first thienylnaphthalene-based n-type semiconductors and compares them with similarly effective quaterthiophene derivatives.
A robust deformed convolutional neural network (CNN) for image denoising
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xiao Jingyu , Tian Chunwei , Chun‐Wei Lin Jerry , Zhang Shichao
Published: June 2022

Due to strong learning ability, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been developed in image denoising. However, convolutional operations may change original distributions of noise in corrupted images, which may increase training difficulty in image denoising. Using relations of surrounding pixels can effectively resolve this problem. Inspired by that, we propose a robust deformed denoising CNN (RDDCNN) in this paper. The proposed RDDCNN contains three blocks: a deformable block (DB), an enhanced block (EB) and a residual block (RB). The DB can extract more representative noise features via a deformable learnable kernel and stacked convolutional architecture, according to relations of surrounding pixels. The EB can facilitate contextual interaction through a dilated convolution and a novel combination of convolutional layers, batch normalisation (BN) and ReLU, which can enhance the learning ability of the proposed RDDCNN. To address long‐term dependency problem, the RB is used to enhance the memory ability of shallow layer on deep layers and construct a clean image. Besides, we implement a blind denoising model. Experimental results demonstrate that our denoising model outperforms popular denoising methods in terms of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Codes can be obtained at https://github.com/hellloxiaotian/RDDCNN.
Exploring reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for 6G: State‐of‐the‐art and the road ahead
Authors: Basharat Sarah , Khan Maryam , Iqbal Muhammad , Hashmi Umair Sajid , Zaidi Syed Ali Raza , Robertson Ian
Published: June 2022

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to transform the propagation space into a smart radio environment (SRE) to realize the diverse applications of sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communication. By smartly tuning the massive number of elements via controller, an RIS can passively phase‐shift the electromagnetic (EM) waves to enhance the system performance. The absence of radio‐frequency (RF) chains makes RIS an energy‐efficient and cost‐effective solution for future wireless networks. In this paper, the state‐of‐the‐art research on different aspects of RIS‐assisted communication is explored. Specifically, the fundamentals of RIS are first introduced, including the RIS's structure, operating principle, and deployment strategies. The emerging applications of RISs are then comprehensively discussed for 6G wireless networks. In addition, the crucial challenges for RIS‐assisted networks are elaborated, namely, RIS channel state information (CSI) acquisition and passive beamforming optimization. Furthermore, the recent research contributions leveraging the artificial intelligence (AI) based techniques for channel estimation, phase‐shift optimization, and resource allocation in RIS‐assisted networks are presented. Finally, to provide effective guidance for future research, important research directions for realizing RIS‐assisted network are highlighted.
On the solutions to Sylvester‐conjugate periodic matrix equations via iteration
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Pengxiang , Han Mengqi , Zhang Yanfeng , Chang Rui , Zhang Jinhua
Published: June 2022

The problem of solving a class of Sylvester‐conjugate periodic matrix equations is investigated in this paper. Utilising conjugate gradient method, an iterative algorithm is provided, from which a matrix sequence can be generated to approximate the unknown matrix of the equation to be solved. Theoretical derivation proves that the proposed algorithm is convergent starting from any initial value, and simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Characteristic analysis and optimisation of an asymmetric‐primary axial‐flux hybrid‐excitation generator for vertical‐axis wind turbines
Authors: Liu Jing , Huang Lei , Zhang Qiang , Chen Jiming
Published: June 2022

Axial‐flux wind generators have advantages of high ratio of generator diameter to generator length and high possibility of modular construction, which make them suitable for use in vertical‐axis wind turbines. The design optimisation and analysis of an asymmetric‐primary axial‐flux hybrid‐excitation generator that can provide a controllable suspension magnetic levitation force to compensate for the ripple of axial force fluctuation are described. First, the mechanical topological operation principle of the proposed generator is introduced, and four generators with different magnetic field modulation ratios and winding distributions are investigated. Second, the levitation force and the torque model are based on the d/q axes dynamic mathematical model. Four generators are compared based on no‐load performance. Considering the polar arc coefficient, this study analyzes the no‐load performance. In addition, comprehensive analyses of the on‐load performance under two typical load conditions are conducted. Based on simulation results and by integrating the magnetic field modulation ratio, tooth width, and permanent magnet thickness, the optimal design of a 12s22p generator is obtained. Finally, a prototype of the 12s22p generator is manufactured and tested in a laboratory situation under on‐load and no‐load conditions. All of the findings are consistent with the simulation results.
Nano‐indentation investigation on nano‐twinned Cu–Ag alloys with GBAZ segregation
Authors: Zhu Dasheng , Ye Wenli , Zhang Feng , Zhou Jianqiu , Li Guo , Ni Shuang
Published: June 2022

For the sake of comprehending the mechanical mechanisms of nano‐twinned (NT) Cu–Ag alloys with grain boundary affect zone (GBAZ) segregation, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to observe its behaviours during the nano‐indentation progress. The effect of grain size, alloying atoms (Ag) content as well as twin boundary spacing (TBS) on the deformation behaviours are considered in this investigation. The open visualization tool OVITO is used to directly observe the deformation progress of nanocrystals during nano‐indentation. The reaction between lattice dislocations and twin boundaries is recorded and analyzed in detail as the indentation deepens. The simulation results demonstrate a positive correlation between the twin boundary spacing and the occurrence of dislocations. The dislocation rings will appear more effortlessly as the TBSs increase. Meanwhile, it is frequently observed that the face centre cubic (FCC) atoms are transformed into body centre cubic (BCC) atoms. This work will help to seek for novel metal materials with high strength, high ductility and great electrical conductivity.
A review of power system dynamic equivalents for transient stability studies
Authors: Kai Saijiang , Che Yong , Zhang Feng , Wu Gaolei , Zhou Zhuan , Huang Ping
Published: June 2022

The increasing complexity of interconnected power system has brought challenges to detailed dynamic simulation in terms of computational effort. Therefore, for transient stability assessment, dynamic equivalents of parts of large‐scale system are required to capture the electromagnetic transients. This paper presents a review of past research on dynamic equivalencing using coherency‐based methods and system identification methods. Future topics are discussed to improve the state‐of‐art approaches.
On negative effective mass and negative group velocity in anharmonic seismic metamaterials
Authors: Zivieri Roberto
Published: June 2022

In this work, an anharmonic mass-in-mass system that can be employed as a nonlinear seismic metamaterial is represented as an equivalent anharmonic mass-spring system via an effective medium approach. The dispersion relation and the behavior of the effective mass as a function of the angular frequency obtained in the regime of weak anharmonicity deviate from those of the corresponding linear system because of the effect of the fourth-order potential anharmonicity. In the presence of anharmonic soft springs it is found a range of wave vectors close to the Brillouin border zone at which the group velocity of the acoustic and optical modes is negative, namely it is opposite to the phase velocity, and a wider band gap at the border of the first Brillouin zone with respect to that of the linear case. Both effects can be tuned by varying the anharmonicity strength. The huge band gap amplitude together with the strong reduction of the frequency of the acoustic mode could be exploited for the design of nonlinear seismic metamaterials at the basis of composite foundations operating in the stop band frequencies.
Biomarker assessment in urgent surgical pathology of the small bowel: case-control analysis of a retrospective database
Authors: Kryvoruchko Igor A. , Briukhanova Tetiana O. , Nakonechna Oksana A. , Olefir Olexander S.
Published: June 2022

Background: Small bowel obstruction, mesenteric thrombosis, and strangulated ventral hernia area a challenge in emergency abdominal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of damage to the digestive tract in patients with urgent pathology. Materials and methods: The study involved 71 patients aged 18 to 80 years who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit in the immediate postoperative period. Results: All 71 underwent emergency surgery, 27 with small bowel necrosis. Lactate level area under curve (AUC = 0.964), C-reactive protein (AUC = 0.805) and systolic blood pressure (area under curve, AUC = 0.803) on the context of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (AUC = 0.880) showed stratification of patients with complications before surgery. Small bowel necrosis patients revealed an increase in primary thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive products (AUC = 0.813) lipid peroxidation products, and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (AUC = 0.818) and catalase (AUC = 0.804). Wide variability of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) from 199.8 to 2189.6 pg/mL were observed in all patients studied, with an AUC = 0.814 in small intestinal necrosis. Conclusion: Surgical pathology of the small intestine due to obstruction of various origina, mesenteric thrombosis, and strangulated ventral hernia pronounced revealed disorders of the antioxidant-prooxidant balance. This was expressed by an increase in lipid peroxidation products, and the level of TBA-reactive products, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Viewed against the background of an increase in I-FABP above 577 pg/mL, these variables were the most significant indicators of small intestinal necrosis.
RMIT University’s practical space weather prediction laboratory
Authors: Carter Brett A. , Iles Gail N. , Raju Rekha , Afful Andoh M. , Maj Ronald , Dao Tam , Terkildsen Michael , Lobzin Vasily , Bouya Zahra , Parkinson Murray , Le May Samantha , Choy Suelynn , Hordyniec Paweł , Hordyniec Barbara , Currie Julie , Skov Tamitha , Peake Ian D.
Published: June 2022

Space weather is a key component in the daily operation of many technological systems and applications, including large-scale power grids, high-frequency radio systems, and satellite systems. As the international space sector continues to boom, accessible space weather products, tools and education are increasingly important to ensure that space actors (both old and new) are equipped with the knowledge of how space weather influences their activities and applications. At RMIT University, the initiative was taken to develop a Space Weather Prediction Laboratory exercise for students as part of its new offering of a Bachelor’s Degree in Space Science in 2020. This new Space Weather Prediction Lab exercise is offered as part of an undergraduate course on “Space Exploration”, which has a diverse student in-take, including students with no background in physics; a key detail in the design of the Lab. The aims of the Space Weather Prediction Lab were to: (1) provide a short and intense introduction to the near-Earth space environment and its impact on various human technologies; (2) give students “hands-on” training in data analysis, interpretation and communication; and (3) create an immersive space science experience for students that encourages learning, scientific transparency and teamwork. The format of the lab that was developed can be easily scaled in difficulty to suit the students’ technical level, either by including more/less space weather datasets in the analysis or by analyzing more/less complicated space weather events. The details of the Space Weather Prediction Lab developed and taught at RMIT in 2020, in both face-to-face and online formats, are presented.
Effect of Routine Gastric Residual Aspiration on the Preterm Infant Fecal Microbiome
Authors: Lenfestey Mary W. , Li Nan , Gauthier Josee , Winglee Kathryn , Fodor Anthony , Zeng Ke , Jobin Christian , Neu Josef , Parker Leslie A.
Published: June 2022

Objective Enteral feeding tubes are used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to assess feeding tolerance by utilizing preprandial gastric residual aspiration. This study evaluates the effect of gastric residual aspiration on the preterm infant fecal microbiome and gastrointestinal inflammation.

Study Design Fifty-one very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (≤32 weeks' gestational age and ≤1,250 g) enrolled in a larger single-center randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of routine and nonroutine gastric residual aspiration were selected for further analysis. Of those infants, 30 had microbiome analysis performed on stools collected at 6 weeks by sequencing the bacterial V1 to V3 variable regions of the genes encoding for 16S rRNA. In an additional 21 infants, stool samples collected at 3 and 6 weeks were analyzed for intestinal inflammation using a cytokine multiplex panel.

Results Microbial communities between groups were not distinct from each other and there was no difference in intestinal inflammation between groups. Analyses using gene expression packages DESeq2 and edgeR produced statistically significant differences in several taxa, possibly indicating a more commensal intestinal microbiome in infants not undergoing gastric residual aspiration.

Conclusion Omission of routine gastric residual aspiration was not associated with intestinal dysbiosis or inflammation, providing additional evidence that monitors preprandial gastric residuals is unnecessary.

Key Points
Resolved but Not Forgotten: The Effect of Resolved Placenta Previa on Labor Management
Authors: Feldman Kristina M. , Robinson Andre , Gellman Caroline , Kaplowitz Elianna , Hussain Farrah N. , AL-Ibraheemi Zainab , Strauss Tirtza S. , Ashmead Graham , Cole David , Brustman Lois
Published: June 2022

Objectives Placenta previa is diagnosed in up to 15% of pregnancies at the anatomy ultrasound and 0.5% persist to term. There is limited data regarding pregnancy outcomes with resolved previa. We aimed to examine patients with resolved placenta previa to determine if abnormal placentation at any time during pregnancy is associated with adverse events during labor.

Study Design Patients with placenta previa were identified after second trimester ultrasound, included if placenta previa resolved with the placental edge greater than 2 cm from the internal cervical os, and excluded if placenta previa persisted to term, resolution occurred prior to 20 weeks, patients underwent a prior cesarean delivery, or delivered at an outside institution. Time-matched controls were identified among patients with normal placental location. Demographic data and outcomes were collected. Student's t-test, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used as appropriate

Results Overall, 560 patients had placenta previa, 275 had resolved placenta previa, 285 were excluded. Resolved placenta previa patients were significantly older with lower prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), were significantly more likely to be a current smoker, have used assisted reproductive technology, and have had previous uterine surgeries. Overall, 10.2% of patients with resolved placenta previa experienced postpartum hemorrhage, compared with 2.1% in the normal placentation group. Patients with resolved placenta previa were 5.2 times more likely to have a postpartum hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR] = 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–12.7; p < 0.01) and 3.4 times more likely to require extra uterotonic medications (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.9–6.2; p < 0.01). There is no difference with regard to rates of operative delivery for fetal distress (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7–1.9; p = 0.48), or category-II or-III fetal heart tracing around the time of delivery.

Conclusion Patients with resolved placenta previa had a higher rate of postpartum hemorrhage and use of uterotonic agents. This information might have important clinical implications and could be incorporated into the hemorrhage risk assessment during labor.

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Association of Maternal Body Mass Index and Maternal Morbidity And Mortality
Authors: Dinsmoor Mara J. , Ugwu Lynda G. , Bailit Jennifer L. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Caritis Steve N. , Prasad Mona , Tita Alan T.N. , Saade George R. , Sorokin Yoram , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network*
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess the association of maternal body mass index (BMI) with a composite of severe maternal outcomes.

Study Design Secondary analysis of a cohort of deliveries on randomly selected days at 25 hospitals from 2008 to 2011. Data on comorbid conditions, intrapartum events, and postpartum course were collected. The reference group (REF, BMI: 18.5–29.9kg/m2), obese (OB; BMI: 30–39.9kg/m2), morbidly obese (MO; BMI: 40–49.9kg/m2), and super morbidly obese (SMO; BMI ≥ 50kg/m2) women were compared. The composite of severe maternal outcomes was defined as death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ventilator use, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus (DVT/PE), sepsis, hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), unplanned operative procedure, or stroke. Patients in the REF group were matched 1:1 with those in all other obesity groups based on propensity score using the baseline characteristics of age, race/ethnicity, previous cesarean, preexisting diabetes, chronic hypertension, parity, cigarette use, and insurance status. Multivariable Poisson's regression was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between BMI and the composite outcome. Because cesarean delivery may be in the causal pathway between obesity and adverse maternal outcomes, models were then adjusted for mode of delivery to evaluate potential mediation.

Results A total of 52,162 pregnant patients are included in the analysis. Risk of composite maternal outcomes was increased for SMO compared with REF but not for OB and MO [OB: aRR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.99–1.14; MO: aRR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.97–1.25; SMO: aRR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70]. However, in the mediation analysis, cesarean appears to mediate 46% (95% CI: 31–50%) of the risk of severe morbidity for SMO compared with REF.

Conclusion Super morbid obesity is significantly associated with increased serious maternal morbidity and mortality; however, cesarean appears to mediate this association. Obesity and morbid obesity are not associated with maternal morbidity and mortality.

Key Points
Novel Evidence-Based Labor Induction Algorithm Associated with Increased Vaginal Delivery within 24 Hours
Authors: Kuba Kfier , Estrada-Trejo Fatima , Lambert Calvin , Vani Kavita , Eisenberg Ruth , Nathan Lisa , Bernstein Peter , Hughes Francine
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess whether concordance with our proposed labor induction algorithm is associated with an increased rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective review of 287 induction of labors (IOLs) at a single urban, tertiary, academic medical center which took place before we created an evidence-based IOL algorithm. We then compared the IOL course to the algorithm to assess for concordance and outcomes. Patients age 18 years or over with a singleton, cephalic pregnancy of 366/7 to 420/7 weeks' gestation were included. Patients were excluded with a Bishop's score >6, contraindication to misoprostol or cervical Foley catheter, major fetal anomalies, or intrauterine fetal death. Patients with 100% concordance were compared with <100% concordant patients, and patients with ≥80% concordance were compared with <80% concordant patients. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) were calculated for rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, our primary outcome. Competing risk's analysis was conducted for concordant versus nonconcordant groups, using vaginal delivery as the outcome of interest, with cesarean delivery (CD) as a competing event.

Results Patients with 100% concordance were more likely to have a vaginal delivery within 24 hours, n = 66 of 77 or 85.7% versus n = 120 of 210 or 57.1% (p < 0.0001), with an AHR of 2.72 (1.98, 3.75, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for delivery indication and scheduled status. Patients with 100% concordance also had shorter time from first intervention to delivery (11.9 vs. 19.4 hours). Patients with ≥80% concordance had a lower rate of CD (11/96, 11.5%) compared with those with <80% concordance (43/191 = 22.5%; p = 0.0238). There were no differences in neonatal outcomes assessed.

Conclusion Our IOL algorithm may offer an opportunity to standardize care, improve the rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, shorten time to delivery, and reduce the CD rate for patients undergoing IOL.

Key Points
Characterization of a new ultra-high pressure shock tube facility for combustion and propulsion studies
Authors: Urso Justin J. , Kinney Cory , Terracciano Anthony C. , Barak Samuel , Laich Andrew , Albright Marley A. , Pierro Michael , McGaunn Jonathan , Vasu Subith S.
Published: June 2022

A new shock tube facility has been designed, constructed, and characterized at the University of Central Florida. This facility is capable of withstanding pressures of up to 1000 atm, allowing for combustion diagnostics of extreme conditions, such as in rocket combustion chambers or in novel power conversion cycles. For studies with toxic gas impurities, the high initial pressures required the development of a gas delivery system to ensure the longevity of the facility and the safety of the personnel. Data acquisition and experimental propagation were implemented with remote access to ensure safety, paired with a LabVIEW- and Python-based user interface. Thus far, test pressures of 270 atm, blast pressures of 730 atm, and temperatures approaching 10 000 K have been achieved. The extreme limitations of this facility allow for emission spectroscopy to be performed during the oxidation of fuel mixtures, e.g., alkanes diluted in argon and carbon dioxide. Ignition delay times were determined and compared to simulations using chemical kinetic mechanisms. The design, experimental procedures, processes of analysis, and uncertainty determination are outlined, and typical pressure profiles are compared with a new gas dynamics solver and empirical correlations developed across multiple shock tube facilities. Preliminary reactive mixture analyses are included with further investigation of the mixtures outlined.
Mechanism of high conduction on the N polar face of GaN
Authors: Liu Zhenxing , Wu Qianshu , Wang Yapeng , Qiu Qiuling , Zhang Jinwei , Wu Zhisheng , Liu Yang
Published: June 2022

High conductivity on the N-face of GaN has long been observed. For many years, sapphire was the basic substrate used for growing GaN layers. Hence, such conductivity was associated with a high concentration of defects at the GaN/sapphire interface. Due to recent advances in GaN growth techniques, bulk GaN in polar and non-polar orientations has become available. In this study, we compare GaN grown on sapphire with bulk GaN. It is found by numerical fitting that the sheet resistance of GaN layers on sapphire substrates is determined by both bulk GaN conduction and polar-induced screening-charge conduction. The same high conductivity on the N-faces of GaN layers is observed even without the interface with sapphire substrates, i.e., when the latter are peeled off and the GaN layers are chemically mechanically polished. A further comparison of three samples with different orientations (c-, a-, and m-planes) suggests that the observed high conductivity is caused by a mobile screening charge attracted to the N-face by the polar charge present on it. This conclusion follows from the fact that no high conductivity is observed in the samples with non-polar orientations.
Fabric-inspired thermoelectric two-dimensional imaging array based on carbon nanotube
Authors: Fairuz Nabila , Nine Kazi Barria , Zubair Ahmed
Published: June 2022

A thermal imaging array can be a convenient tool for health monitoring and security applications. In this work, a two-dimensional wearable thermal imaging sensor array design comprised of the carbon nanotube (CNT) harnessing thermoelectric effect is proposed. The proposed sensor device was constructed of an array of p-type CNT fibers that are woven across another array of n-type CNT fibers in the similar manner fibers that are woven in textile fabric. Electromagnetic (EM) wave emitted from the subject of detection increases the temperature of certain array nodes of the sensor device, which causes voltage differences between different p–n fiber junctions. Mapping the voltages of all the p–n junctions, thermal images of the subject can be obtained. Though there is a trade-off between responsivity and detection resolution, our proposed sensor can provide a responsivity of 57 V/W for a nanowatt range EM power source with submicrometer level detection resolution according to our calculation. Moreover, we theoretically investigated the effect of the junction distance in the sensor and the size of the hotspot on the resultant thermoelectric voltage.