bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wasted Lives. Borders and the Right to Life of People Crossing Them
Authors: Spijkerboer Thomas
Published: April 2017

States are obliged to protect the right to life by law. This article analyses the way in which states do this in the field of aviation law, maritime law and the law on migrant smuggling. A comparative description of these fields shows that states differentiate in protecting the right to life. Regular travellers benefit from extensive positive obligations to safeguard their right to life, whereas the lives of irregularised travellers are protected first and foremost by combating irregularised migration and, if the worst comes to pass, by search and rescue. The right of states to exclude aliens from their territories leads to exclusion of irregularised travellers from their main positive obligations under the right to life. This situation is analysed through Zygmunt Bauman’s notion of ‘wasted lives’. The contrast with aviation and maritime law makes clear that this situation is the outcome of human choice, which can be changed.
Steady-State EEG and Psychophysical Measures of Multisensory Integration to Cross-Modally Synchronous and Asynchronous Acoustic and Vibrotactile Amplitude Modulation Rate
Authors: Timora Justin R. , Budd Timothy W.
Published: April 2017

According to thetemporal principleof multisensory integration, cross-modal synchronisation of stimulus onset facilitates multisensory integration. This is typically observed as a greater response to multisensory stimulation relative to the sum of the constituent unisensory responses (i.e.,superadditivity). The aim of the present study was to examine whether the temporal principle extends to the cross-modal synchrony of amplitude-modulation (AM) rate. It is well established that psychophysical sensitivity to AM stimulation is strongly influenced by AM rate where the optimum rate differs according to sensory modality. This rate-dependent sensitivity is also apparent from EEG steady-state response (SSR) activity, which becomes entrained to the stimulation rate and is thought to reflect neural processing of the temporal characteristics of AM stimulation. In this study we investigated whether cross-modal congruence of AM rate reveals both psychophysical and EEG evidence of enhanced multisensory integration. To achieve this, EEG SSR and psychophysical sensitivity to simultaneous acoustic and/or vibrotactile AM stimuli were measured at cross-modally congruent and incongruent AM rates. While the results provided no evidence of superadditive multisensory SSR activity or psychophysical sensitivity, the complex pattern of results did reveal a consistent correspondence between SSR activity and psychophysical sensitivity to AM stimulation. This indicates that entrained EEG activity may provide a direct measure of cortical activity underlying multisensory integration. Consistent with the temporal principle of multisensory integration, increased vibrotactile SSR responses and psychophysical sensitivity were found for cross-modally congruent relative to incongruent AM rate. However, no corresponding increase in auditory SSR or psychophysical sensitivity was observed for cross-modally congruent AM rates. This complex pattern of results can be understood in terms of the likely influence of theprinciple of inverse effectivenesswhere the temporal principle of multisensory integration was only evident in the context of reduced perceptual sensitivity for the vibrotactile but not the auditory modality.
Catochini, Strobliellini and Acoenoniini revisited: a taxonomic review of the small tribes of the Micromyinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS
Published: April 2017

The taxonomy of Catochini, Strobliellini and Acoenoniini, three species-poor tribes of the subfamily Micromyinae, is reviewed on the basis of new material from Europe and Japan. In the Catochini, the genus Anocha Pritchard stat. rev. is revived from synonymy with Catocha Haliday and shown to include eight species, five of which are new: Anocha glabra sp. nov. (Sweden), A. grytsjoenensis sp. nov. (Sweden), A. japonica sp. nov. (Japan), A. moraviensis sp. nov. (Czech Republic), and A. vernalis sp. nov. (Sweden). Anocha minuta (Jaschhof), originally described in the genus Catarete Edwards, and Catocha brachycornis (Spungis & Jaschhof), previously classified in the genus Strobliella Kieffer, tribe Strobliellini, are new combinations. In the Acoenoniini, new species described are Acoenonia baltica sp. nov. (Sweden, Latvia) and A. ulleviensis sp. nov. (Sweden). The female of Groveriella Mamaev (tribe Strobliellini) is described for the first time. Keys are provided to the species of Anocha and Acoenonia Pritchard.
The Broken Self: Injured States in The Transference-Countertransference Matrix
Authors: Reichenthal Barbara
Published: April 2017

Themes of injury and injuredness reverberate throughout the treatment of patients categorized as having disorders of the self. Aspects of the various identifications that these patients may make with clinicians who are visibly physically handicapped from the outset of treatment are explored. Vignettes from psychoanalytically informed psychotherapies conducted at frequencies of up to three times weekly reveal how these identifications are used to externalize a sense of internal psychic impairment and to shed defective introjects in an attempt to preserve a faltering self. Themes of injury and defectiveness resonate throughout the transference-countertransference matrix, leading either to a working through of the injured state or, in unfortunate cases, to the disabling of the treatment itself. Particular attention is paid to patients who reveal during treatment that they were raised by a physically ill or handicapped parent and are therefore particularly vulnerable to castrative or disintegrative anxiety. Implications for the use of the able-bodied clinician by such patients are also considered, as well as the use of the clinician’s injuredness by less primitively organized patients. The limitations of these treatments are also addressed.
In re guardianship of Hailu: The Nevada Supreme Court casts doubt on the standard for brain death diagnosis
Authors: Yanke Greg , Rady Mohamed Y. , Verheijde Joseph L.
Published: April 2017

In the recent court case of In Re Guardianship of Hailu, the Nevada Supreme Court cast doubt on the acceptability of the American Academy of Neurology’s guidelines as a medical standard for determining brain death. The Uniform Determination of Death Act, which has been adopted in every state, requires that brain death diagnoses be made in accordance with accepted medical standards. The Court expressed concern that the guidelines fail to ensure that there is an irreversible cessation of all functions of a person’s entire brain, which is a component of the Act’s definition of death. Although the Nevada Supreme Court remanded the case to the District Court to hear more expert evidence concerning whether the guidelines constitute “accepted medical standards,” the patient who was the subject of the case met the criteria for cardiopulmonary death several weeks prior to the hearing and the legal case became moot. As a result, the issue of whether the American Academy of Neurology guidelines, or some other criteria for determining brain death, are accepted medical standards for determining whether all brain function has ceased remains unresolved.
Responsiveness – To Whom? Why the Primacy of the Median Voter Alienates Minorities
Authors: Hänni Miriam
Published: April 2017

Many see responsiveness towards the majority as sufficient for democracy because no other policy position receives more support. By contrast, I argue that the primacy of the majority is normatively and empirically problematic. From a normative point of view a ‘good’ democracy not only needs to maximise the influence of the majority but must also protect minorities against oppression by the majority population. These two goals are difficult to reconcile when majorities and minorities have different policy preferences. From an empirical point of view, a lack of policy responsiveness towards minorities has real empirical consequences as it may endanger the legitimacy and stability of a democracy by decreasing the political support of minority groups. The empirical analyses with 28 minority groups confirm the risks of a lack of policy responsiveness: minorities exhibit less political support than majorities, partly because responsiveness towards them is lower.
Interpreting and Reinterpreting the Political Significance of Popular Media: The Importance of Seeing from a Range of Perspectives
Authors: Schulzke Marcus
Published: April 2017

Studies of popular culture have elucidated important insights about the extent to which politics is constructed by entertainment media. Nevertheless, I contend that when it comes to studies of security discourses in entertainment, researchers are too preoccupied with categorising texts as either ‘critical’ or ‘affirmative’, depending on whether they seem to support or challenge militarism. I argue that work on popular culture should be more attentive to the polysemic character of texts – that is, their openness to multiple readings. From this perspective, studies which are directed at finding critical or affirmative meaning are valuable, but they only uncover a narrow range of the possible interpretations texts may receive. I substantiate this with examples of ostensibly critical films which have been appropriated into military culture and ostensibly affirmative videogames which include critical themes. Giving greater attention to polysemy broadens research possibilities, especially when it comes to identifying how popular media are politically meaningful.
Effects of Experience Abroad and Language Proficiency on Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Language Learning
Authors: Kim Hyang-Il , Cha Kyung-Ae
Published: April 2017

Experience abroad has been recognized as one of the best investments for second or foreign language learning. A lot of research has examined its impact on language learning from linguistic as well as non-linguistic perspectives. Nonetheless, literature on the relationships between and among experience abroad, language proficiency, and self-efficacy beliefs in language learning seems to still be cursory and thus the present study chose to focus on these aspects in more detail. To do so, 259 Korean English as a foreign language students answered the Questionnaire of English Self-Efficacy as well as completed a background questionnaire. Statistical analyses identified two underlying factors of self-efficacy beliefs—production and comprehension—that helped analyze the data from a new perspective. Using this two-factor structure of self-efficacy, it was found that the combination of experience abroad and English proficiency were indeed related to these self-efficacy factors. In addition, the results indicate that students may have benefitted most in self-efficacy formation in production and comprehension aspects when they have four to six months of experience abroad.
Assessment of Undergraduates’ Real-World Outcomes of Critical Thinking in Everyday Situations
Authors: Franco Amanda R. , Costa Patrício S. , Butler Heather A. , Almeida Leandro S.
Published: April 2017

Critical thinking is a kind of “good” thinking that integrates a set of cognitive skills and dispositions to use those skills with knowledge to increase the chances of success in academic settings, job market, and daily life. The impact of critical thinking on life events, in face of everyday decisions and challenges, is still unclear, and further research is needed. In this exploratory study, a sample of 230 first-year students of a Bachelor’s Degree or a Master’s Degree in Portugal completed an experimental Portuguese version of the Real-World Outcomes, a self-report inventory measuring everyday negative life events that are mediated by a lack of critical thinking. Based on exploratory factor analysis results and theoretical premises, changes were made to the Portuguese version of the inventory that was administered, and items were aggregated into six dimensions, creating a new version that is more familiar to Portuguese young adults in college. This original proposal of the inventory presents six types of negative life events resulting from a lack of critical thinking: health neglect, mismanagement, slackness, poor impulse control, academic negligence, and rashness. Both limitations and future potentialities of this version are presented.
Connecting Language Proficiency to (Self-Reported) Teaching Ability: A Review and Analysis of Research
Authors: Faez Farahnaz , Karas Michael
Published: April 2017

This article provides a review and analysis of current research examining the connection between teacher language proficiency and their self-reported beliefs about their pedagogical abilities. Generally speaking, (English) language teachers require an advanced level of proficiency in order to be successful language teachers, but pedagogical skills are also necessary for effective instruction. However, examining the relationship between language proficiency and pedagogical skills is not straightforward given the nature of language teaching in which language is both the content and medium of instruction, issues with defining language proficiency (for teaching), and disagreement regarding effective teaching skills in different social contexts. One approach has been to focus on teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about their abilities to enact specific classroom tasks in certain contexts and potential relationships with teachers’ reported language proficiency. The analysis provided in this article highlights how these constructs have been measured in the literature and if/how they are connected to one another across different studies. Overall, teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding their pedagogical abilities do correlate with language proficiency, but results are at times weak and/or inconclusive with inconsistent results across studies and contexts.
The Mandate of the Collective: Apology Representativeness Determines Perceived Sincerity and Forgiveness in Intergroup Contexts
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Okimoto Tyler G. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Lawrence-Wood Ellie , Coughlin Anne-Marie
Published: April 2017

The sincerity of an apology is often critical for it to be viewed positively by victims. For collective apologies, we argue that sincerity takes on a particular meaning: It is a function of the apology’s perceived representativeness for the offender group’s will or sentiment. Consistent with this notion, when an apologetic (vs. nonapologetic) message was democratically chosen (Study 1) or explicitly endorsed by the majority of the offending outgroup (Study 2), it was considered more sincere and, through this, led to more forgiveness. Furthermore, while disagreement about an apology within the offender group reduced its perceived representativeness and sincerity, this was less so when the dissenters could be subtyped: when disagreement was correlated with an existing subgroup within the offending outgroup (Study 3) and in line with expectations for that subgroup (Study 4). This research shows that victim group members consider intragroup processes within the offending outgroup for attributions of sincerity.
Addition of non-invasive ventilatory support to combined aerobic and resistance training improves dyspnea and quality of life in heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bittencourt Hugo Souza , Cruz Cristiano Gonçalves , David Bruno Costa , Rodrigues-Jr Erenaldo , Abade Camille Magalhães , Junior Roque Aras , Carvalho Vitor Oliveira , dos Reis Francisco Borges Faria , Gomes Neto Mansueto
Published: April 2017

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that combined aerobic and resistance training and non-invasive ventilatory support result in additional benefits compared with combined aerobic and resistance training alone in heart failure patients.

Design:

A randomized, single-blind, controlled study.

Setting:

Cardiac rehabilitation center.

Participants:

A total of 46 patients with New York Heart Association class II/III heart failure were randomly assigned to a 10-week program of combined aerobic and resistance training, plus non-invasive ventilatory support ( n = 23) or combined aerobic and resistance training alone ( n = 23).

Methods:

Before and after intervention, results for the following were obtained: 6-minute walk test, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximal inspiratory muscle pressure, and maximal expiratory muscle pressure, with evaluation of dyspnea by the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale, and quality of life with the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure questionnaire.

Results:

Of the 46 included patients, 40 completed the protocol. The combined aerobic and resistance training plus non-invasive ventilatory support, as compared with combined aerobic and resistance training alone, resulted in significantly greater benefit for dyspnea (mean change: 4.8 vs. 1.3, p = 0.004), and quality of life (mean change: 19.3 vs. 6.8, p = 0.017 ). In both groups, the 6-minute walk test improved significantly (mean change: 45.7 vs. 44.1, p = 0.924), but without a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

Non-invasive ventilatory support combined with combined aerobic and resistance training provides additional benefits for dyspnea and quality of life in moderate heart failure patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02384798. Registered 03 April 2015.
Response of the cerebral vasculature following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Salehi Arjang , Zhang John H , Obenaus Andre
Published: April 2017

The critical role of the vasculature and its repair in neurological disease states is beginning to emerge particularly for stroke, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, tumors and others. However, little attention has been focused on how the cerebral vasculature responds following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI often results in significant injury to the vasculature in the brain with subsequent cerebral hypoperfusion, ischemia, hypoxia, hemorrhage, blood–brain barrier disruption and edema. The sequalae that follow TBI result in neurological dysfunction across a host of physiological and psychological domains. Given the importance of restoring vascular function after injury, emerging research has focused on understanding the vascular response after TBI and the key cellular and molecular components of vascular repair. A more complete understanding of vascular repair mechanisms are needed and could lead to development of new vasculogenic therapies, not only for TBI but potentially vascular-related brain injuries. In this review, we delineate the vascular effects of TBI, its temporal response to injury and putative biomarkers for arterial and venous repair in TBI. We highlight several molecular pathways that may play a significant role in vascular repair after brain injury.
A Procedure for Deriving Formulas to Convert Transition Rates to Probabilities for Multistate Markov Models
Authors: Jones Edmund , Epstein David , García-Mochón Leticia
Published: April 2017

For health-economic analyses that use multistate Markov models, it is often necessary to convert from transition rates to transition probabilities, and for probabilistic sensitivity analysis and other purposes it is useful to have explicit algebraic formulas for these conversions, to avoid having to resort to numerical methods. However, if there are four or more states then the formulas can be extremely complicated. These calculations can be made using packages such as R, but many analysts and other stakeholders still prefer to use spreadsheets for these decision models. We describe a procedure for deriving formulas that use intermediate variables so that each individual formula is reasonably simple. Once the formulas have been derived, the calculations can be performed in Excel or similar software. The procedure is illustrated by several examples and we discuss how to use a computer algebra system to assist with it. The procedure works in a wide variety of scenarios but cannot be employed when there are several backward transitions and the characteristic equation has no algebraic solution, or when the eigenvalues of the transition rate matrix are very close to each other.
Choice Blindness and Health-State Choices among Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Law Ernest H. , Pickard Annika L. , Kaczynski Anika , Pickard A. Simon
Published: April 2017

Objective. To assess the feasibility and validity of using a discrete choice experiment format to elicit health preferences in adolescents by comparing illogical choices and choice-blindness rates between adults and adolescents; and to explore the relationship between personality traits and health-state choices. Methods. A convenience sample of adults and adolescents (12 to 17 y old) were recruited from around Chicago, USA. A personality inventory was administered, followed by pairwise comparisons of 6 health-state scenarios which asked each candidate to select their preferred choice. Health-state descriptions were based on a simplified 3-dimension version of the EQ-5D (mobility, pain, depression, each with 3 levels). For 2 scenarios, the respondent’s preferred choice was switched; if the respondent did not notice the switch they were considered “choice blind”. Logistic regression evaluated the association of personality, gender, and age with choice blindness and health-state choice. Results. Ninety-nine respondents were recruited (44% adults). Comparing adolescents to adults, there was no significant difference in the rate of illogical preferences (9% v. 12%) or in preferring dead to the worst health state (56% v. 64%) ( P > 0.05). Choice-blindness rates were significantly higher in adolescents (35%) than adults (9%) ( P < 0.01). The adjusted odds of choice blindness in adolescents was 6.6 (95% CI = 1.8 to 23.8; P = 0.004). Conscientiousness was significantly associated with health-state choice in 3 of the 6 models predicting health-state choice (using P < 0.1 as a threshold). Conclusions. The results of this exploratory study suggest it is feasible to conduct choice experiments in adolescents; however, adolescents are significantly more likely to demonstrate choice blindness. Psychological traits may be noteworthy predictors of health-state choices, with conscientiousness independently associated with several health-state choices.
Design, control, and testing of a thumb exoskeleton with series elastic actuation
Authors: Agarwal Priyanshu , Yun Youngmok , Fox Jonas , Madden Kaci , Deshpande Ashish D
Published: April 2017

We present an exoskeleton capable of assisting the human thumb through a large range of motion. Our novel thumb exoskeleton has the following unique features: (i) an underlying kinematic mechanism that is optimized to achieve a large range of motion, (ii) a design that actuates four degrees of freedom of the thumb, and (iii) a series elastic actuation based on a Bowden cable, allowing for bidirectional torque control of each thumb joint individually. We present a kinematic model of the coupled thumb exoskeleton system and use it to maximize the range of motion of the thumb. Finally, we carry out tests with the designed device on four subjects to evaluate its workspace and kinematic transparency using a motion capture system and torque control performance. Results show that the device allows for a large workspace with the thumb, is kinematically transparent to natural thumb motion to a high degree, and is capable of accurate torque control.
Intervening role of realized absorptive capacity in organizational culture–open innovation relationship
Authors: Naqshbandi M Muzamil , Kamel Yehia
Published: April 2017

Using data collected from middle and top managers working across different industries in the United Arab Emirates, this article examines the relationship between two contrasting organizational culture types and two types of open innovation (OI). It also takes into account the mediating role of realized absorptive capacity in these relationships. Results obtained using several statistical techniques show that a highly integrative culture relates positively, while a hierarchy culture relates negatively to the two types of OI. Results also establish the mediating role of realized absorptive capacity in these relationships. These findings contribute theoretically to OI and organizational culture literature and provide insights for practitioners on how to succeed or avoid failure in their OI initiatives. A discussion of the findings, along with limitations of the study and future research directions, is given.
A case report of cough headache with transient elevation of intracranial pressure and bilateral internal jugular vein valve incompetence: A primary or secondary headache?
Authors: Liu Huanxian , Cao Xiangyu , Zhang Meichen , He Mianwang , Li Min , Song Yangguang , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan
Published: April 2017

Background

Primary cough headache (PCH) is precipitated by coughing or the Valsalva manoeuver (VM), and its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear.

Case report

We report a case of recurrent cough headaches precipitated by VM with transient increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) diagnosed by measuring left sigmoid sinus pressure. Bilateral internal jugular vein valve incompetence (IJVVI) was also diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography during a VM. Indomethacin was administered for over four months, and the headache had completely disappeared at the four-month follow-up.

Conclusions

Cough headache might be associated with a transient increase of ICP induced by IJVVI, which might partially explain the pathophysiology of VM-induced headache. Detecting the internal jugular vein during a VM might be used as diagnostic procedure for patients who have PCH during resting and VM. If it is necessary, monitoring the ICP could be considered.
A Note on Construct Validity of the Anchoring Method in PISA 2012
Authors: Stankov Lazar , Lee Jihyun , von Davier Matthias
Published: April 2017

We examine construct validity of the anchoring method used with 12 noncognitive scales from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 project. This method combines individuals’ responses to vignettes and self-rated scores based on Likert-type items. It has been reported that the use of anchoring vignettes can reverse country-level correlations between academic achievement scores and noncognitive measures from negative to positive, and therefore align them with the typically reported individual-level correlations. Using the PISA 2012 data, we show that construct validity of this approach may be open to question because the anchored scales produce a different set of latent dimensions in comparison with nonanchored scales, even though both scales were created from the same set of individual responses. We also demonstrate that only one of three vignettes may be responsible for the resolution of the “paradox” highlighting that the choice of vignettes may be more important than what was previously reported.
Effect of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor-loaded collagen barrier membranes on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Edelmayer Michael , Al-Habbal Diana , Pensch Manuela , Janjić Klara , Agis Hermann
Published: April 2017

Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induce a proangiogenic response and are therefore proposed to optimize regenerative approaches in periodontics and oral surgery. Here the effect of the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine, released from collagen barrier membranes, on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis was evaluated. Collagen barrier membranes were loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine. Release studies were performed and supernatants were taken after 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h. The effect of these supernatants on osteoblast- and osteoclast-precursor cells was evaluated. Furthermore, dose response studies for dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine were performed. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated with RAW 264.7 cells based on the number of multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive cells. Osteoblastogenesis was evaluated with MC3T3-E1 cells based on alkaline phosphatase. Metabolic activity and cell proliferation were assessed based on MTT and BrdU assays. Vascular endothelial growth factor production was evaluated using an immunoassay. We found that supernatants taken in the first hour from collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine or deferoxamine reduced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblastogenesis was not reduced significantly. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity of RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells were inhibited by supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with deferoxamine but not dimethyloxalylglycine. In RAW 264.7 cell culture, vascular endothelial growth factor production was increased only by supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine, but not deferoxamine. In MC3T3-E1 cell culture, supernatants of collagen barrier membranes loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine both increased vascular endothelial growth factor production. Direct measurements showed that the majority of dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine is released in the first hours. Dose-response studies supported the divergent effects of deferoxamine and dimethyloxalylglycine in RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cultures. Our findings show diverse effects of dimethyloxalylglycine- and deferoxamine-loaded collagen barrier membranes during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Preclinical studies will reveal if the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor together with the inhibitory effect on osteoclasts can stimulate oral tissue regeneration.
Ethnic Disparities in Trauma-Related Mental Illness: Is Ethnic Identity a Buffer?
Authors: Townsend Tiffany G. , Kaltman Stacey , Saleem Farzana , Coker-Appiah Dionne S. , Green Bonnie L.
Published: April 2017

Despite evidence that racial and ethnic characteristics influence the impact of traumatic exposure on psychological health, little is known about how race and ethnic identity can alter, and possibly protect against, the effects of trauma on the psychiatric diagnoses of women. Therefore, the present study examined the moderating role of race/ethnicity and ethnic identity in the link between trauma exposure and psychiatric diagnosis for African American and Caucasian college women. Participants were a sample of 242 women from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States who self-identified as African American or Black (31%) and European American or Caucasian (69%; M age = 19.5 years). Interviews were conducted over the phone to screen for trauma, followed by longer in-person interviews. Each of the interviewers was supervised, and interviews were reviewed to control for quality. Regression analyses revealed that the number of traumatic events was a stronger predictor of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses for Caucasian women. In addition, ethnic identity served as a protective factor against trauma exposure among participants. The findings suggest that ethnic identity is a relevant buffer against potential psychiatric diagnoses as result of exposure to traumatic events for both Caucasian and African American women.
Imagining the Balkans as a Space of Revolution: The Federalist Vision of Serbian Socialism, 1870–1914
Authors: Robertson James
Published: April 2017

Between the years 1870 and 1914, leftist intellectuals in the Kingdom of Serbia theorized and promoted a project of Balkan Federation as a strategic priority in the social, economic, and political transformation of the region. This article offers a genealogy of these federalist ideas and places them in dialogue with rival projects of regional unification in the Balkans and Eastern Europe during the long nineteenth century.

It begins by developing a typology of federalist projects in Europe, categorizing these according to the underlying models of sovereignty upon which they were founded. I identify four categories: revolutionary-republican, imperial-reformist, imperial-irredentist, and revolutionary-social. Instead of organizing these federalisms according to their authors’ ideological commitments (socialist, nationalist, pan-Slavic) or their geographic scope (Balkan, Danubian), the article argues that examining their respective models of sovereignty offers intellectual historians a more productive approach to identify the unexpected convergences and divergences of federalist projects during this period.

The article then moves into a discussion of the development of Serbian socialist ideas of Balkan Federation, beginning first with the work of Svetozar Marković (1846–1875) and then turning to the writings of the fin de siècle Social Democratic Party in the decade before World War I. Situating this genealogy of socialist Balkan federalism in its broader European intellectual milieu, I use the above typology to identify the ways in which Serbian socialists converged and diverged from contemporary federalist projects, including the reformist ideas of the Austro-Marxists, the irredentist strategy of the Serbian Progressive Party, and the republican ideas of Karel Kautsky.
Paul Virilio and the temporal conditions of philosophical thinking
Authors: Noonan Jeff
Published: April 2017

Unlike the memes of popular digital culture, philosophical understanding accumulates through the patience of reflection on the long-term implications of human action. The paper will draw upon the recent work of Paul Virilio to explain the threat that the speeds of digital culture pose to philosophy, both as an institutionalised discipline of human inquiry with a just claim to public support, and as an intellectual practice with a just claim to public relevance. If Virilio is correct, the trajectory of technological development is towards the displacement of human decision making from all spheres of social life (political, economic, military, cultural, and technical-scientific) because human thought is too slow. Hence, there are moves towards eliminating the deliberative function of human thought in favour of pre-programmed algorithms that can trade a stock or fire a missile in immediate response to a pre-determined set of objective circumstances. Philosophy cannot keep pace. Since it is committed to an open-ended dialectic of interpretation, reason giving, critique, and rejoinder, its time frames are incompatible with immediate response, and would, if allowed to operate in politics or economics, impede the ‘efficient’ execution of routines. However, the ‘efficient’ execution of the dominant political and economic routines is undermining the conditions of life on the planet. Hence, the defence of slow philosophical thinking is at the same time the affirmation of a different temporality of life, politics, economics, and cultural interaction. Philosophy is not a luxury that humanity can no longer afford, but the vital necessity of historically informed intelligence the solution of our most pressing environmental and social problems requires more than ever.
Marketization and Foucault
Authors: Özgün Aras , Dholakia Nikhilesh , Atik Deniz
Published: April 2017

In the business disciplines such as marketing, when the occasional critical perspectives explore the concept of marketization, it is usually in the spirit of exploring a form of ‘excess’: too much commodification and overreach of marketing methods. This article takes the concept of ‘marketization’ into deeper theoretical territory, exploring in detail how the ideas of the influential social theorist Michel Foucault have shaped the contemporary concepts and realities of neoliberalism and marketization. The article also makes connections to marketing theory and practices, and indicates how these could evolve to keep marketization corralled and part of a large and varied mix of consumption practices.
Expression signatures of DNA repair genes correlate with survival prognosis of astrocytoma patients
Authors: de Sousa Juliana Ferreira , Torrieri Raul , Serafim Rodolfo Bortolozo , Di Cristofaro Luis Fernando Macedo , Escanfella Fábio Dalbon , Ribeiro Rodrigo , Zanette Dalila Lucíola , Paçó-Larson Maria Luisa , da Silva Wilson Araujo , Tirapelli Daniela Pretti da Cunha , Neder Luciano , Carlotti Carlos Gilberto , Valente Valeria
Published: April 2017

Astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors. They are very resistant to therapies and usually progress rapidly to high-grade lesions. Here, we investigated the potential role of DNA repair genes in astrocytoma progression and resistance. To this aim, we performed a polymerase chain reaction array-based analysis focused on DNA repair genes and searched for correlations between expression patters and survival prognoses. We found 19 genes significantly altered. Combining these genes in all possible arrangements, we found 421 expression signatures strongly associated with poor survival. Importantly, five genes (DDB2, EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, and BRIP1) were independently correlated with worse prognoses, revealing single-gene signatures. Moreover, silencing of EXO1, which is remarkably overexpressed, promoted faster restoration of double-strand breaks, while NEIL3 knockdown, also highly overexpressed, caused an increment in DNA damage and cell death after irradiation of glioblastoma cells. These results disclose the importance of DNA repair pathways for the maintenance of genomic stability of high-grade astrocytomas and suggest that EXO1 and NEIL3 overexpression confers more efficiency for double-strand break repair and resistance to reactive oxygen species, respectively. Thereby, we highlight these two genes as potentially related with tumor aggressiveness and promising candidates as novel therapeutic targets.
Note of clarification of data in the paper entitled “Interferon gamma +874 T/A polymorphism increases the risk of cervical cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis”
Authors: Yang Haijun , Yang Min , Wang Yan , Huang Xing
Published: April 2017

We read with great interest the paper entitled “Interferon gamma +874 T/A polymorphism increases the risk of cervical cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis” published online by Sun et al. Their results suggest that interferon gamma ( IFNG) gene +874 T/A polymorphism might contribute to women’s susceptibility to cervical cancer. They also found that IFNG +874 T/A polymorphism is associated with increased cervical cancer risk in Asian female population. The result is encouraging. Nevertheless, several key issues are worth noticing. We re-evaluate the association between IFNG +874 T/A polymorphism and cervical cancer risk by performing an updated meta-analysis based on 2777 cases and 2542 controls of 11 studies. We found that IFNG +874 T/A polymorphism was not significantly associated with cervical cancer risk in overall population. We also observed that the polymorphism was associated with enhanced cervical cancer risk in Asian population and was relevant to increased squamous cell cervical cancer risk.
Downregulation of PRDM1 promotes cellular invasion and lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhu Zhiyan , Wang Hao , Wei Yiliang , Meng Fanrong , Liu Zhe , Zhang Zhenfa
Published: April 2017

The zinc-finger transcription factor PRDM1 (PR domain containing 1) plays key roles in the development of malignant lymphoma, leukaemia and some non-haematopoietic cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. However, little is known regarding the function of PRDM1 in the progression of lung cancer. Here, we found that PRDM1 is expressed in normal human lung epithelium but is downregulated in lung cancer cells. Decreased expression of PRDM1 correlates with poor prognosis in lung cancer. Depletion of PRDM1 in lung cancer cells promotes cellular invasion and anoikis resistance in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. PRDM1 is silenced by an ectopically expressed lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Aiolos. The transcription of these two genes is negatively correlated in 206 lung epithelial cell lines. Our results indicate that PRDM1 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer.
The self-renewal signaling pathways utilized by gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Fu Ying , Li Hui , Hao Xishan
Published: April 2017

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cancer stem cells are the source of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Self-renewal is a marker of cancer stem cells and also the basis of long-lasting survival and tumor progression. Although the mechanism of gastric cancer stem cell self-renewal is not clear, there are several signaling pathways and environmental factors known to be involved. This mini review describes recent developments in the self-renewal signaling pathway of gastric cancer stem cell research. Advancements made in this field of research will likely support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
Posted workers remuneration
Authors: Lhernould Jean-Philippe , Palli Barbara
Published: April 2017

Few national laws or collective agreements provide specific rules determining the elements of the minimum rates of pay due to posted workers. As a consequence, there is confusion between the neighbouring expressions of ‘minimum wage’ (national concept) and ‘minimum rates of pay’ (EU concept) which countries have a tendency to consider as being equivalent. Furthermore, the distinction between two key questions – on the one side, the establishment of the components of the minimum rates of pay of the host country and, on the other side, the sums paid by the sending employer that can be compared to the minimum rates of pay of the host country – is not always made by countries. The aim of this article is to analyse how the targeted countries and sectors concretely define the components of the minimum rates of pay and then to focus, as a useful example for other countries, on the rules applicable in French law.
Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children With Cancer
Authors: Kim Mi Young
Published: April 2017

The psychological adaptation of mothers of children with cancer has a significant impact on the management of the disease. As the mothers’ psychological adaptation and positive emotions have an impact on the psychological adaptation of the children, it is important to facilitate the positive growth of the mothers during their adjustment to their children’s illness. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the factors that influence posttraumatic growth (PTG) in these mothers. This research aimed to test the variables of PTG based on an existing theoretical model of PTG in mothers of children with cancer. Data were collected, using self-report questionnaires, from 222 mothers of children with cancer who visited an outpatient clinic between August 9 and September 17, 2013. The variables of optimism, disruption of core beliefs, social support, and deliberate rumination accounted for 41.4% of the variance in the mothers’ PTG. Social support and deliberate rumination are important factors directly affecting PTG in mothers of children with cancer.
Adopting a White-Collar Crime Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Terrorism: An Explorational Undertaking
Authors: Shichor David
Published: April 2017

This article is an exploratory attempt to apply a certain theoretical framework to the criminological analysis of terrorism. It follows an approach that was applied before to the study of white-collar crime in the wake of the recent economic meltdown. In a special issue of Criminology & Public Policy, five causal variables emerged from essays that were dealing with the subprime mortgage crisis. These causal variables were used to analyze certain aspects of radical Islamist terrorism and to explore some possible ways to reduce involvement in the current wave of terrorist activities. The analysis indicates that policies targeting two out the three causal variables for reducing white-collar crime—the supply of lure and the increase in the credibility of external oversight—were seen as having potentials for reducing terrorism as well. However, the potential for promising terrorism reduction policies aiming at the third causal variable—increasing the effectiveness of internal oversight and self-restraint—seems problematic.
Unintended Consequences of Gender Equality Promotion in Swedish Multicultural Contraceptive Counseling: A Discourse Analysis
Authors: Arousell Jonna , Carlbom Aje , Johnsdotter Sara , Larsson Elin C. , Essén Birgitta
Published: April 2017

In this article, we explore how reproductive health care providers in Sweden, a country often described as one of the most gender-equal countries in the world, incorporate gender equality ideals in multicultural contraceptive counseling. In the tension between gender equality promotion on one hand and respect for cultural diversity and individualized care on the other, we will demonstrate that values of gender equality were often given priority. This is not necessarily undesirable. Nevertheless, our proposal is that the gender equality ideology may inhibit providers’ ability to think differently about issues at stake in contraceptive counseling, which may negatively influence women’s possibilities to obtain adequate support. At the end of the article, we suggest how health care providers’ reflexivity might be used as a working tool for increased awareness about the taken-for-granted cultural norms that exist in their clinical milieu.
Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics approach for stress corrosion cracking of nickel aluminium bronze under ammonia-containing artificial seawater
Authors: Sochu Witchapong , Noraphaiphipaksa Nitikorn , Manonukul Anchalee , Kanchanomai Chaosuan
Published: April 2017

With the growth of urbanization and industries, the seawater near coastal areas has become polluted, and the nickel aluminium bronze components around coastal areas are affected by ammonia-containing seawater. Unfortunately, the influence of the ammonia concentration in seawater on the stress corrosion cracking of thin nickel aluminium bronze components with large plastic zones at the defects has not been evaluated before. In the present work, stress corrosion cracking experiments on nickel aluminium bronze components under artificial seawater and ammonia-containing artificial seawater were conducted using a four-point bending technique. The elastic–plastic fracture mechanics parameter ( J-integral) was evaluated using finite element analysis. The J-integral successfully characterized the crack growth rate under the present corrosive environments. Stress corrosion cracking was possible under both artificial seawater and ammonia-containing artificial seawater. The threshold J-integral for susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking ( JSCC) and fracture toughness ( JC) was the highest for stress corrosion cracking under artificial seawater and decreased as the amount of ammonium hydroxide added to the artificial seawater increased.
Evaluation of Implementation of Massachusetts Sports Concussion Regulations
Authors: Howland Jonathan , Hackman Holly , Taylor Alyssa , Brown Linda , Gapinski Mary Ann , Mills Julie Kautz , Thornton Kathleen
Published: April 2017

In 2015, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health conducted focus groups with school nurses (SNs) and athletic trainers (ATs) from Massachusetts middle and high schools to assess implementation of legislated regulations relative to the management of students’ head injuries incurred during extracurricular sports. Four tape-recorded focus groups were conducted by experienced facilitators. Lists of themes were synthesized by investigators for each focus group. Participating SNs and ATs supported the sports concussion legislation, felt that implementation had gone well, indicated that the law empowered them in managing return-to-school/play for students with concussion, and experienced support from their school administrators. Some SNs reported that they had applied relevant procedures to all students with head injuries, regardless of how or where the injury occurred. Challenges identified included protocols for away games, inconsistent concussion care by physicians, and a need for teacher education. Further research is required to quantify these findings.