bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coda
Authors: Lettman Stacy J.
Published: May 2023

The coda opens by exploring the issue of cloaked or coded speech, having its traces within slave culture as a mode of resistance, which underly the performative practices of the African Diaspora. In dancehall culture, the body serves as a text, not only conveying nonverbal language as subaltern agency but also a carnivalesque aesthetic that simultaneously mimes and subverts the master power dynamic of globalization’s neoliberal agenda to extend plantation structures and social death. Overall, the coda reiterates the book’s central argument: the discussion about the ways in which violence can be articulated in the continued presence of plantation structures in the afterlife of slavery. It thus touches upon the importance of aesthetic form and related tensions between speech and writing, silence and speech, writing and performance. It also revisits some key ideas in the book, including defining the slave sublime concept, providing a new understanding of the ghetto alongside the trope of madness, and tracing the genealogical connection of the Jamaican police to slave drivers and constables from the eras of slavery and apprenticeship—thus highlighting the central issue about Caribbean violence and its mapping on the paradigmatic axis of language that denote resemblance or similarity through substitution.
Dismal Freedom
Authors: Morris J. Brent
Published: May 2023

The massive and foreboding Great Dismal Swamp sprawls over 2,000 square miles and spills over parts of Virginia and North Carolina. From the early seventeenth century, the nearly impassable Dismal frustrated settlement. However, what may have been an impediment to the expansion of slave society became an essential sanctuary for many of those who sought to escape it. In the depths of the Dismal, thousands of maroons—people who had emancipated themselves from enslavement and settled beyond the reach of enslavers—established new lives of freedom in a landscape deemed worthless and inaccessible by whites. Dismal Freedom unearths the stories of these maroons, their lives, and their struggles for liberation. Drawing from newly discovered primary sources and archeological evidence that suggests far more extensive maroon settlement than historians have previously imagined, award-winning author J. Brent Morris uncovers one of the most exciting yet neglected stories of American history. This is the story of resilient, proud, and determined people who made the Great Dismal Swamp their free home and sanctuary and who played an outsized role in undermining slavery through the Civil War.
The Origins of Dismal Swamp Marronage
Authors: Morris J. Brent
Published: May 2023

This chapter illuminates the little-known history of the earliest European settlement in the area that would become North Carolina at the southern edge of the swamp. A handful of traders, “fugitives” from indentured servitude, enslavement, poverty, debt, or the law, and religious dissenters made their way south from Virginia as early as the 1640s. The area became a sanctuary for the renegades of Chesapeake society, with the nearly impenetrable Great Dismal Swamp between them and Virginia, the treacherous Outer Banks isolating them from the bustling Atlantic world, and Albemarle Sound to the south. These settlers established a society outside the control of colonial authorities that fostered independence, valued widespread political participation, held progressive racial views, and opposed all hints of hierarchy. The Albemarle settlers were ultimately unable to preserve their independence beyond the Cary Rebellion of 1708-1711, and they fell under the control of the elite Anglican establishment. However, evidence suggest that others entered into a new life in the swamp. They were soon augmented by Native American refugees of the Tuscarora War. The first reports of established maroon communities in the Dismal Swamp surfaced soon after—of “ungovernable” black, “tawny,” and Native Americans raiding parties originating from its depths.
Dismal Swamp Maroons in the Colonial Era
Authors: Morris J. Brent
Published: May 2023

This chapter traces the development of Great Dismal Swamp marronage through the colonial era. In this period of the early maroon occupation, though numbers were few and organization likely limited, there was the beginning of strategic aggression originating in the swamp and directed against the outside society that had oppressed them. After at least a generation of steady population growth in the swamp, self-emancipating men and women from the Tidewater region and beyond would have been well-informed about the existence of a “city of refuge” in the Dismal, and could expect to be assisted through the quagmire by others. These maroon pioneers had already achieved their freedom in its depths, and suffered the elements and harsh wilderness environment as they carved out the first spaces for villages. These swamp elders would offer mentorship in the skills of swamp survival as well as communities to which newcomers could attach themselves. Maroon activity increased significantly in the years leading up to 1720, as some of the refugees from the Tuscarora War entered the swamp from the South, and Africans, who were steadily increasing in number in Virginia tobacco country, fled there from the north.
North American Maroon Wars, 1775–1831
Authors: Morris J. Brent
Published: May 2023

This chapter considers the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century era of armed campaigns originating in and around the Great Dismal Swamp and striking out at the surrounding slave society. While there were certainly no “maroon wars” in North America on par with those of the Caribbean, the chapter argues that the aggregate of guerilla raids from within the swamp, maroons’ involvement in the American Revolution, and connections to/participation in later slave rebellions represent, within the context of North American slave resistance and rebellion, the closest comparison. Admittedly these were often small groups, but the raids were chronic, not simply episodic, and the evidence suggests some of these raids were often parts of something much larger, of plans and collaborations over a large area and among different groups of maroons and enslaved and marginalized people. The maroon threat was constant, if not necessarily potentially cataclysmic (though, importantly, it was imagined to have been at times), and altogether, maroon guerilla activity surely resulted in greater property loss than Nat Turner’s rebellion or the thwarted Gabriel Rebellion.
Dismal Swamp Marronage Triumphant
Authors: Morris J. Brent
Published: May 2023

Chapter Five is a narrative of the final three decades of Dismal Swamp marronage through the end of the Civil War. In these years, community growth and the experience of a new generation of maroons in guerrilla warfare were to prove most useful to the maroon community in their military alliance with federal forces against the Confederate States of America. It was also during this last antebellum decade that the accumulated intellectual burden of more than two centuries of Dismal Swamp marronage became unbearable for white supporters of slavery in the Tidewater and beyond. Despite the apparent decrease of maroon activities from the swamp after 1831, the symbolic shadow the Great Dismal Swamp cast over the South grew. As enemies of slavery ramped up their attacks from without, the festering sore from within the maroons represented, and the South’s inability to eradicate the actual and ideological threat therein contributed to the irrational hysteria that ultimately led to disunion and civil war. The Great Dismal Swamp maroons, by virtue of their very existence and resilience, represented one of the nails in the coffin of American slavery.
I Will Survive?
Authors: Murphy Brian Michael
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses the preservation and securitization of the Bettmann Archive at the Corbis Film Preservation Facility, one of many vaults at the Iron Mountain National Data Center in Boyers, Pennsylvania. The chapter narrates a tour of Iron Mountain and highlights the way its features reflect the overall shape of the data complex, which emerged in the early 20th century and expanded over the next 100 years to make Americans the most prolific preservers of data in history. The data complex is both material—in libraries, archives, data centers, bombproof bunkers—and psychological, producing fears of data loss and civilizational destruction, fears that lead to more preservation, and so on, in a cycle. This chapter elaborates the overall argument of We the Dead, showing how the data complex is now so vast, so automated by algorithms and machine learning, that it now preserves data for its own sake, rather than simply in service to the purposes of its human creators. The data complex’s main purpose now is to preserve itself.
Gas Chambers for Bookworms
Authors: Murphy Brian Michael
Published: May 2023

The data complex begins to take shape in the early twentieth century. The National Bureau of Standards carried out the first scientific studies that definitively established the causes of deterioration in paper and microfilm records, as well as effective technologies and techniques for preserving them. One of the key techniques for preserving data on paper-based media was fumigation in gas chambers, which eradicated pests like bookworms. Using poison gas to sterilize books was a part of a larger effort on the part of librarians and archivists, especially at the newly formed US National Archives, to produce hygienic data. Such practices reflect the ways in which data preservation is inherently toxic and can have a long afterlife that continues to poison humans, as well as natural and built environments, long after the acts of preservation occurred.
We the Dead
Authors: Murphy Brian Michael
Published: May 2023

Data preservation does not simply save existing data—it is also productive. It generates new technologies, artifacts, logics, and fantasies that do not assuage our anxiety about data loss, but rather stimulates more preservation, especially at moments when new crises emerge. Time capsules like the one created by Westinghouse for the 1939 World’s Fair produced through preservation a streamlined version of American culture aimed at rebuilding white solidarity among the masses, in order to help stabilize scientific capitalist power during the Great Depression. This chapter discusses how preservation can be an act that functions to obscure the exclusions that make possible a monolithic conception of American culture. This logic corresponds to the flattening of the diversity of the American citizenry necessary to composing figures like the typical American, or the typical American family, that constitute the singular American “public.”
Bombproof Cavemen
Authors: Murphy Brian Michael
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses a new stage in the data complex, emerging during the early Cold War through the founding of businesses like the Iron Mountain Atomic Storage Company, and the expansion of Civil Defense architecture and exercises. At that time, the data complex intensified in response to the atomic bomb, and a booming industry of bombproofing and securitization made possible the expansion of “open time capsule” design to a nationwide network of data preservation facilities. Long before the cloud, corporations and state agencies created a backup culture for data that still shapes data preservation practices in the digital age. If the goal of the time capsule was to condense an entire culture into a relatively small amount of data, then the aim of the constellation of open time capsules that emerged during the Cold War was to amass and preserve all the details, all the data that documented individual American lives, that materially grounded identity and certified citizens’ existence by the authority of powerful institutions, and to make it accessible both before and after the end of the world.
The Weight of a Cloud
Authors: Murphy Brian Michael
Published: May 2023

The data complex is expanding into cloud storage facilities, former Cold War bunkers, and other securitized locations. During the Cold War, the federal government built fallout shelters like The Bunker at Greenbrier to protect members of Congress from nuclear attacks and their radioactive aftermath. Civil Defense exercises like Operation Alert trained archivists and records managers to see their work as a part of defending the nation against nuclear attacks and readying the nation to bounce back afterward. Facilities like the Library of Congress National Audiovisual Conservation Center embody the layered materiality of the data complex, where facilities once meant to preserve stockpiles of paper or house nuclear missiles, now preserve and protect data, increasingly stored in installations known as “data bunkers.”
The Death of Compromise
Authors: Purcell Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Henry Clay’s public funerals in 1852 both build upon the past and created a new scale, and new forms, of public mourning that would echo through the rest of the nineteenth century—setting the pattern for public mourning that would be so important as an expression of Civil War and post-Civil War civic identity. The outpouring of public grief as Clay’s remains went on an extensive tour gave mourners the opportunity to imagine national unity, even as they battled over what American national identity meant and expressed anxieties over an imperiled union and deep disagreements over abolition and slavery.
Charles Sumner and Joseph E. Johnston
Authors: Purcell Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Public funerals for Charles Sumner and Joseph Johnston show the complex relationships between Civil War memory and forgetting, reconciliation and sectional grievances. To promote reconciliation, Sumner and Johnston each wanted to silence some aspects of Civil War memory near the time of their deaths, but public mourning for them proved that no major figure could control either his own mourning or Civil War memory itself as sectional memories persisted. Both emancipationist memory and the Lost Cause helped shape the “imagined reconstitution of the nation.” Even national identity found no consensus in reconciliation.
Rosquetes De Azucar
Authors: Sharpless Rebecca
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines baking during the expansion of European immigration in the South in the seventeenth century and the arrival of enslaved Africans, creating racial tension among Native Americans and the newcomers. Europeans imported milling technology as well as wheat agriculture and other baking ingredients such as sugar. English colonists on the East Coast started hostilities with the Native Americans, who gradually retreated from the Atlantic. While most colonists ate simple corn-based foods, the wealthiest enjoyed elaborate European-style baked goods, including breads, cakes, and pies. Enslaved Africans learned to cook in the European manner in wood-fired ovens.
Raison Cake
Authors: Sharpless Rebecca
Published: May 2023

The chapter looks at the impact of the American Civil War on baking in the South. The Confederacy struggled to provide military rations. Families near the theaters of war underwent shortages of flour and sugar. Shortages and profiteering caused southern women to stage protests. Creative substitutions sometimes made baked goods available. Southerners used baked goods to show their loyalty to the Confederacy. Areas occupied by the Union benefited from increased supplies and more customers to purchase bread and sweets from bakeries, but formerly enslaved people fared very poorly with food supplies.
White Mountain Cake
Authors: Sharpless Rebecca
Published: May 2023

This chapter follows the development of baking in the postbellum South as freedpeople worked to ensure their freedom, and white supremacists used food as a way to maintain racial hierarchy. Cornmeal remained a staple for southerners, Black and white. As milling became industrialized, however, consumption of wheat flour rose for everyone, and biscuits became increasingly common. The invention of baking powder represented a significant shift as light, airy cakes and quick breads became common. Entrepreneurs and commercial bakers increased in number, and more urban southerners bought rather than made their own baked goods.
Pastel De Tres Leches
Authors: Sharpless Rebecca
Published: May 2023

After 1980, southerners both returned to traditional roots and embraced new baked goods brought by newcomers and invented in the South. Immigrants from Africa, Latin America, and Asia have introduced new baked goods and put their stamps on traditional ones. Heritage grains and artisan breads have made a comeback. Southern bakeries ship their goods globally.
The Heart of Hell
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

The struggle over the fortified Confederate position known as Spotsylvania’s Mule Shoe was without parallel during the Civil War. A Union assault that began at 4:30 A.M. on May 12, 1864, sparked brutal combat that lasted nearly twenty-four hours. By the time Grant’s forces withdrew, some 55,000 men from Union and Confederate armies had been drawn into the fury, battling in torrential rain along the fieldworks at distances often less than the length of a rifle barrel. One Union private recalled the fighting as a “seething, bubbling, soaring hell of hate and murder.” By the time Lee’s troops established a new fortified line in the predawn hours of May 13, some 17,500 officers and men from both sides had been killed, wounded, or captured when the fighting ceased. The site of the most intense clashes became forever known as the Bloody Angle.
Here, renowned military historian Jeffry D. Wert draws on the personal narratives of Union and Confederate troops who survived the fight to offer a gripping story of Civil War combat at its most difficult. Wert’s harrowing tale reminds us that the war’s story, often told through its commanders and campaigns, truly belonged to the common soldier.The struggle over the fortified Confederate position known as Spotsylvania’s Mule Shoe was without parallel during the Civil War. A Union assault that began at 4:30 A.M. on May 12, 1864, sparked brutal combat that lasted nearly twenty-four hours. By the time Grant’s forces withdrew, some 55,000 men from Union and Confederate armies had been drawn into the fury, battling in torrential rain along the fieldworks at distances often less than the length of a rifle barrel. One Union private recalled the fighting as a “seething, bubbling, soaring hell of hate and murder.” By the time Lee’s troops established a new fortified line in the predawn hours of May 13, some 17,500 officers and men from both sides had been killed, wounded, or captured when the fighting ceased. The site of the most intense clashes became forever known as the Bloody Angle.
Here, renowned military historian Jeffry D. Wert draws on the personal narratives of Union and Confederate troops who survived the fight to offer a gripping story of Civil War combat at its most difficult. Wert’s harrowing tale reminds us that the war’s story, often told through its commanders and campaigns, truly belonged to the common soldier.
Sponsey Crania Burnt House
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter details the convergence of the opposing armies on the “very small village” of Spotsylvania Court House on May 8, 1864. Union General-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant had ordered the march away from the Wilderness battlefield, moving south and east toward the crossroads village. Robert E. Lee reacted to the enemy movement, and his army won the race by minutes, manning Laurel Hill and repulsing Union attacks. The opponents lengthened the lines throughout the day and on May 9, with the men erecting breastworks or entrenchments that changed the landscape and unfolding campaign. At the end of the Confederate lines, soldiers in Edward Johnson’s division built defenses in the shape of a salient.
No Backward Steps
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

Death was a constant reality along the armies’ lines outside of Spotsylvania Court House on May 9 and 10, 1864. This chapter recounts the seemingly ceaseless killing and maiming. At Laurel Hill, more Union assaults ended in more bloody repulses. On the Confederate right flank, Robert E. Lee examined the salient and called it “a wretched line.” He agreed reluctantly to hold it with artillery batteries supporting the infantry in the “Mule Shoe,” as the soldiers called the defensive works. The Yankees assailed the Mule Shoe’s western face on the evening of May 10. A dozen Union regiments, led by Colonel Emory Upton, penetrated a section of the Rebel works, known as Doles’s Salient, before being repulsed by Confederate counterattackers.
Such a Place
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

The end of the struggle for the Mule Shoe brought burial details and ambulances for the wounded into the salient on May 13. For Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, the engagement’s outcome resulted ultimately in a Union failure to exploit the initial breakthrough and a Confederate success in the stalwart performance of its defenders. As this chapter relates, the slaughter was staggering, 17,500 casualties. It was also a haunting place, where few veterans returned to it after the war. Homes of the McCoull, Landrum, and Harrison families incurred serious damage, eventually resulting in their destruction. The stump of the red oak tree near the Bloody Angle rests today among the collections of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Spotsylvania Court House and environs became “such a place,” in the words of a veteran of the fighting there.
War Orphans and Children on Demand
Authors: Casavantes Bradford Anita
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the post-World War II era, when the United States adjusted to its new Cold War reality and reconsidered the nation’s humanitarian obligation to endangered foreign children. Empowered by new laws that explicitly provided for the admission of unaccompanied refugee minors, the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, the European Jewish Children’s Aid, and the American branch of the International Social Services agency worked to bring European “war orphans” to the United States as refugees. Convinced that overseas resettlement was a humanitarian solution to the crisis facing the continent’s displaced youth, they were nonetheless troubled by the growing popularity of private intercountry adoptions, through which many Americans sought to assist needy children while participating in the struggle against communism—and growing their families. Working together to make intercountry adoption quicker and easier while closing the door to non-adoptable child refugees, the combined efforts of restrictionist lawmakers and intercountry adoption advocates would reinforce pre-war tendencies to evaluate refugees of all ages for admission based on geopolitical and domestic political considerations rather than their demonstrated need for protection, while also reinscribing notions of unaccompanied children as objects of charity rather than individual rights-bearing subjects.
Cold War Kids
Authors: Casavantes Bradford Anita
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the Eisenhower administration’s program to resettle unattached Hungarian youth in US foster homes following their nation’s failed November 1956 uprising against the USSR. This first quasi-official program for youth was an extension of postwar notions of the US’s responsibility toward endangered foreign children as well as emerging notions of communism as a threat to young people. However, for the voluntary agencies tasked with implementation, the resettlement program was a radical departure from how they had previously worked with displaced children. Under extreme pressure to move minors as quickly as possible into new homes, agency leaders were compelled to subsume the unique needs of unattached Hungarian youth to the nation’s broader geopolitical objectives. By the time the program ended in March 1958, it had radically renegotiated the public-private partnership that structured previous child evacuation and resettlement schemes, changing forever the terms under which unaccompanied minors would be brought to the US. However, Americans’ eagerness to take in the youngest of the white Christian Hungarian children—but not the adolescent boys who made up the majority of unattached youth—reflected the ways that race, gender, religion, and age continued to circumscribe US concerns for vulnerable foreign children.
An Exception within an Exception
Authors: Casavantes Bradford Anita
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the period from 1959 to the late 1960s, when following Fidel Castro’s rise to power, more than 14,000 Cuban boys and girls were sent alone to the United States. Reflecting a growing recognition of the importance of refugees and young people to the nation’s Cold War foreign policy, the convergence of a number of overlapping child evacuation efforts under the umbrella of the Cuban Children’s Program represented the beginning of a new public-private partnership in the care of unaccompanied refugee minors. However, the hastily-conceived program swiftly evolved into something none of its early proponents had envisioned. Initially seen as a temporary means of demonstrating US support for parents in the anti-Castro underground and of safeguarding the ideological and spiritual purity the island’s future leaders, it quickly ballooned into a comprehensive child welfare program that struggled to provide care for an undetermined period of time to thousands of unaccompanied minors. Although public officials, the media, and the exile community rushed to declare the Cuban Children’s Program an unqualified success, as time passed, its increasingly demoralized directors struggled to reconcile the program’s geopolitical objectives with the negative consequences of children’s unexpectedly prolonged stay in foster care.
GAMBARAN BUDAYA NENO BO’HA PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN DI DESA TOBU KECAMATAN TOBU KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Olla Denys Inyo , Romeo Petrus , Limbu Ribka
Published: May 2023

Neno bo’ha adalah salah satu budaya di suku Timor yang dikhususkan pada ibu pasca melahirkan selama 40 hari. Selama periode waktu tersebut, seorang ibu dilarang keluar dari rumah bulat, yakni tempat yang dijadikan sebagai sarana pelaksanaan budaya tersebut. Ibu dan bayi hanya boleh dijenguk kerabat terdekatnya saja. Selama menjalankan budaya tersebut, ibu bayi juga dikompres dengan air panas, yang dalam bahasa lokal dinamakan tatobi. Selain itu, ibu bayi harus menjalankan pantangan-pantangan makanan tertentu selama menjalankan budaya neno bo’ha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan budaya neno bo’ha pada ibu melahirkan di Desa Tobu Kecamatan Tobu Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi dimana penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk dan fungsi bahasa yang tersedia dalam budaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa masyarakat (terutama ibu yang baru melahirkan) masih tetap menjalankan budaya panggang karena mereka masih mengikuti budaya warisan leluhur, mereka juga masih menjalankan tatobi karena meskipun beresiko bagi kesehatan, tetapi mereka percaya bahwa dengan tatobi dapat mengeluarkan semua darah kotor yang ada didalam tubuh. Ada juga yang masih percaya pada larangan-larangan makanan tertentu bagi ibu pasca melahirkan karena larangan-larangan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan ibu dengan bayi.
PENGGUNAAN RENUNGAN HARIAN KRISTEN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Sualang Ferdinand Willy
Published: May 2023

Setiap anak Indonesia yang berada dalam usia wajib belajar berhak dan wajib untuk memperoleh pendidikan formal termasuk di dalamnya pendidikan agama Kristen. Namun sejak covid-19 mewabah di seluruh dunia, berbagai kegiatan manusia tidak dapat lagi berjalan dengan normal. Begitu pula dengan kegiatan pendidikan. Guru-guru harus berusaha mencari solusi yang tepat agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pendidikan agama Kristen di SMP Negeri 8 Touluaan pada masa pandemi covid-19, yakni pembelajaran menggunakan renungan harian Kristen berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 PAK & Budi Pekerti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan trianggulasi. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 8 Touluaan, guru agama Kristen menyusun materi pembelajaran dalam bentuk renungan harian Kristen yang bersumber dari Alkitab dan kurikulum 2013 PAK & Budi Pekerti Kemdikbud Republik Indonesia. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan renungan harian Kristen ini mencakup tiga ranah pembelajaran sekaligus, yakni kognitif, afektif, maupun psikomotor.
Finerenone (Kerendia)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses finerenone (Kerendia) tablets, 10 mg and 20 mg, oral administration.

Indication: As an adjunct to standard of care therapy in adults with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of:

end-stage kidney disease and a sustained decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate

cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure
Lutetium (¹⁷⁷Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan (Pluvicto)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses 177Lu vipivotide tetraxetan (Pluvicto), solution for injection, 1 GBq/mL (27 mCi/mL) at calibration.

Indication: The treatment of adults with prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have received at least 1 androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and taxane-based chemotherapy.
Ciudad, modernidad y tarjeta postal. Una imagen comparada de Santiago de Chile y Temuco a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Azócar-Weisser Javiera , Ardila-Sierra Marcia
Published: May 2023

Hacia fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la élite chilena intenta construir la imagen de un país orgulloso de su desarrollo urbano, elemento central de la modernidad, a través de un medio moderno por excelencia: la fotografía. Las revistas, los álbumes fotográficos y, sobre todo, las tarjetas postales fueron las plataformas para difundir imágenes de las “modernas” urbes de la época. Plazas, parques, avenidas, teatros, edificios públicos y estaciones de trenes, fueron temas recurrentes para representar a las ciudades de un país “civilizado”, “moderno” y “próspero”. 

Este artículo aborda la representación urbana construida desde la tarjeta postal a partir de la comparación de dos casos de estudio: Santiago de Chile, capital, y Temuco, ciudad perteneciente a la periferia territorial del periodo. La finalidad es analizar este tipo de imágenes en tanto dispositivos de un discurso que construye cierto imaginario en el marco del proceso de modernización del Estado chileno.
Metodologias ativas no ensino de ciências e biologia na educação de jovens e adultos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ledoux Ana Flávia Rodrigues de Sousa , Barbosa Mayara Lustosa de Oliveira , Silva Juliana Rocha de Faria
Published: May 2023

O principal objetivo dessa revisão foi analisar o uso de metodologias ativas (MA) no ensino de ciências e biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Para tanto, foram utilizados os descritores: MA, EJA, ensino de biologia e ensino de ciências, nas bases Google Scholar e BDTD em busca de publicações dos últimos dez anos. Após o levantamento, realizamos uma análise de conteúdo que nos levou a estruturar quatro categorias: 1) artigos de revisão relacionados às MA, 2) estratégias lúdicas como propostas de aplicação de MA, 3) pesquisas que abordam aplicação de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP), instrução por pares e rotação por estações, e 4) pesquisas que abordam o “aprender fazendo”. Os resultados indicam aumento no rendimento e motivação dos estudantes, sendo os métodos ABP e “aprender fazendo” os mais citados. O trabalho pode ter implicações para pesquisadores da área, visto que revela lacunas a serem preenchidas por novas pesquisas, bem como para docentes da EJA os quais podem aplicar propostas aqui descritas.
Shape and Position of The Hands on The Bicycle Drop Bar Analysis
Authors: Rahmawati Elfina , Ramadhan Ali , Yanuardi Irfani Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Study Purpose. Road cycling activities are closely related to the aerodynamics and stability of the bicycle movement when used by the user. Drop bars are one of the elements of a road bike and help control speed movements while driving. Drop bars, or what is commonly known as road bike handlebars, are designed to ride at high speeds without sacrificing bike stability.
Materials and methods. The research carried out aims to analyze the shape and position of the hands when riding a bicycle, the results of which can be used to maximize the potential of the bicycle drop bar object. This is because cycling has become a community activity nowadays and the use of drop bars on bicycles is often an option for cycling. By using descriptive qualitative research method the shape of the drop bar can be associated with driving stability.
Results. The research was conducted by observing a literature study that describes the shape, position of the user, and speed of the bicycle against the drop bar. The drop bar form is made by adjusting the needs and desires of its users. The shape of the drop bar on a racing bicycle can affect the speed, agility, stability, and direction of the bicycle while riding.
Conclusion. The comfort generated by the position of the user's hands on the drop bar while riding has an important role in directing and balancing the bicycle so that it does not fall and maintains a constant speed in other words the bicycle is in a stable state.
Beyond Demographic Identifiers and Classification: A Search for Alternative Approaches to Quantitatively Evaluating Equity
Authors: Pai Grace
Published: May 2023

As interest in addressing issues of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) increases in the US and parts of Europe, this essay argues that the Western-centered interpretations of and approaches towards evaluating equity need to be more carefully examined to deem its cultural appropriateness. This essay reviews ways to conceive of equity and presents three alternative methodological approaches to quantitatively evaluating equity that do not require the Western convention of identification.
Factors Responsible for Wrong Pronunciation of English Words by Students at Undergraduate Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Sabih-Ul-Hassan Syed , Gul Nasim , Imran Said
Published: May 2023

One of the many challenges which ESL/EFL learners face is the issue of incorrect pronunciation of English words. This issue is more serious in ESL contexts like Pakistan where learners get limited or no exposure to authentic language use. This paper attempts to explore the factors contributing to incorrect pronunciation of English words by ESL learners at undergraduate level in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among 72 BS English students of three different colleges. The descriptive analysis of the data highlighted eight factors which appeared to cause incorrect pronunciation by students. These included learners’ weakness in phonetics and phonology, Teacher's wrong pronunciation, first language interference, words related to military discourse, poor oral fluency and inaccessibility to authentic language use. The study recommends learners should improve pronunciation of English words through listening to native speakers of English language, watch YouTube videos and English movies and should own and consult a standardized phonetic dictionary.
Tertiary migmatic pegmatites in the Central Rhodope crystalline complex. Uranium-lead zircon dating
Authors: Arnaudov Vasil , Amov Blagoj , Baldjieva Tsvetana , Pavlova Maria
Published: May 2023

The formation of bedded migmatic pegmatites in the presumably Precambrian high-metamorphic complex along the Vacha River south of the town of Krichim in the Central Rhodope Mts is the result of ultrametamorphic processes which took place in Alpine times. The U-Pb age of zircons from zircon- and allanite-rich migmatic pegmatites is Young Alpine, 58-49 Ma, according to analyses in two radiogechronological laboratories, one in Sofia, Bulgaria, and the other in Amsterdam, Holland. These values are close to the U-Pb ages obtained for uraninites from rare-metal pegmatites (53-49 Ma) crosscutting the high-metamorphic series near the village of Dolen, Zlatograd district. The mineralogical, geochemical and radioisotope evidence gained on the bedded and cross pegmatites in the metamorphic rocks of the so-called Rhodope Supergroup is inconsistent with the idea of a Precambrian ult rametamorphic series in the Central Rhodope Mts.
PERHITUNGAN BIAYA OPERASI KENDARAAN (BOK) UNTUK PERENCANAAN SHUTTLE BUS DI LINGKUNGAN PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Rahmawati Roselina
Published: May 2023

Perguruan tinggi sebagai tempat untuk mendidik putra-putri terbaik bangsa di seluruh dunia sudah bergerak ke arah yang lebih positif dan agresif saat ini, berbeda dengan beberapa dekade yang lalu. President University adalah universitas bertaraf internasional yang terletak di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Tempat berlokasinya 1700 perusahaan multinasional antara lain Samsung Electronics, Unilever, Mattel, KAO, Kraft, dan lainnya, berasal dari 30 negara (USA, Kanada, Belanda, Perancis, Jerman, Australia, China, Jepang, Taiwan, Malaysa, Singapore). Komposisi jumlah mahasiswa lokal dengan asing sudah cukup berimbang. President University sebagai salah satu universitas berkelas intenasional juga telah memberikan berbagai macam fasilitas pendukung bagi dosen maupun mahasiswanya. Salah satu fasilitas penting dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pendidikan di sebuah perguruan tinggi adalah sarana transportasi massalnya. (Ceder & Yim, 2002) dan (Yim&Ceder, 2006). Saat ini sudah terdapat transportasi massal di lingkungannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data primer dan data sekunder kemudian dianalisis dengan metode dari literatur, jurnal, dan penelitian terdahulu yang terkait dengan biaya operasi kendaraan. Biaya operasi kendaraan dibagi atas menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu biaya tetap (fixed cost), biaya tidak tetap (running cost), biaya overhead. Hasilnya adalah besarnya tarif BOK yaitu Rp. 11.410 per km. Sehingga hasil nilai BOK tersebut dapat dijadikan dasar perhitungan besaran tarif jika Shuttle Bus President University akan direncanakan untuk melayani masyarakat Jababeka dengan rute yang saat ini sudah berjalan. Adapun hasil perhitungan Tarif dibagi dalam tiga perhitungan tarif. Tarif Pokok didapat Rp. 634. Tarif BEP sebesar Rp. 3.804 dan tarif yang dapat di berlakukan kedepan adalah sebesar Rp. 4.200 dengan rute Kampus utama President University – Giant Jababeka – RS Permata Keluarga - Elvis Tower – Hollywood Junction – Asrama New Beverly Hills.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH SERAT BAJA TERHADAP KEKUATAN DAN MODULUS ELASTISITAS BETON
Authors: Pitaloka Oky Sandra
Published: May 2023

Secara struktur beton mempunyai sifat mekanis seperti mempunyai tegangan tekan cukup besar yang merupakan kelebihannya dan mempunyai kuat tarik dan getas yang merupakan kelemahannya. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan beton bisa dengan menambahkan serat-serat baja. Metode penambahan serat baja masih jarang dilakukan dikarenakan masih kurang ekonomis. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini digunakan alternatif serat baja yang lebih murah dan ramah lingkungan yaitu serat kawat yang berasal dari limbah ban bekas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji menggunakan campuran beton dengan variasi prosentase dan mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh dari berbagai variasi tersebut terhadap sifat-sifat fisis dan mekanis beton. Dalam Penelitian ini peneliti akan menguji beton normal dan beton serat dengan menggunakan serat kawat ban bekas dengan prosentase 0,5 %, 1,5 %, 2,5 % Dari hasil pengujian kuat tekan pada umur 7, 14 dan 28 hari dengan penambahan  serat baja sebesar 0,5%, 1,5%, mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan dibandingan dengan beton normal, pada presentase sebesar 2,5% menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi dibandingkan dengan beton lainnya yaitu sebesar 31,48 MPa Sedangkan dari hasil pengujian kuat tarik lentur pada umur 7, 14, 28 hari dengan penambahan  serat baja sebesar 0,5%, 1,5%, mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan  pada tes kuat tarik lentur dibandingkan dengan beton  normal. Pada penambahan serat baja dengan  presentase 2,5% pada mengalami menghasilkan kuat tarik lentur tertinggi dibandingkan dengan beton lainnya yaitu sebesar 7,41 MPa.Kata Kunci : Beton serat, Serat Baja, Kuat tekan
علم الحديث في العراق في القرنين (12) و (13) الهجريين
Authors: ALSIS Abdulhamid al-sheesh
Published: May 2023

This article deals with analytical and historical study regarding the development of the literature of hadith and its sciences during the 12th and 13th centuries of Hijrat within the territory of Iraq. It was considered an important city of the Muslim state at that time, due to cultural, intellectual and political development. Unfortunately, in the later centuries, Iraq witnessed a clear scientific stagnation, caused by political conflicts, frequent turmoil, and an increase in epidemics and disasters. The science of Hadith was one of the major disciplines that were affected by that tragic reality. However, despite the tragic conditions of Iraq in that era, numerous scholars have continued their educational, academic contributions, and scientific composition. Likewise, experts in the field of Hadith and its sciences have contributed in this regard as well. Therefore, I have discussed the efforts of these scholars in this research paper.
Determinan Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten Tahun 2021
Authors: Apriyanto Iyan , Sulistyowati Yeny , Utami Sri
Published: May 2023

WHO menyatakan hipertensi telah mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 8 juta orang pertahun. Data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi hipertensi penduduk umur >18 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 34,1% dan di Provinsi Banten mencapai 30,45%. Tahun 2020 UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya, hipertensi menempati kasus tertinggi PTM yaitu 5.738 kasus (50,1%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan determinan faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten Tahun 2021. Metode yang digunakan Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain case-control. Menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel kasus 113 responden dan kontrol 113 responden.  Hasil bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur           p value = 0,001, jenis kelamin p value = 0,0005, riwayat keluarga  p value = 0,0005 obesitas p value = 0,0005, kebiasaan merokok p value = 0,0005, kurang aktifitas fisik   p value = 0,0005, konsumsi makanan asin  p value = 0,008, dislipidemia p value = 0,0005, konsumsi alkohol  p value = 0,029, stres p value = 0,0005 dengan kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya. Hasil multivariat menunjukkan stres merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kejadian hipertensi dengan OR = 210, 323. Stres adalah determinan faktor risiko hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya. Mengikuti kegiatan CERDIK (Cek kesehatan secara berkala, Enyahkan asap rokok, Rajin beraktivitas fisik, Diet yang sehat dan seimbang, Istirahat yang cukup dan Kelola stres) merupakan salah satu kegiatan pencegahan faktor risiko hipertensi. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Faktor risiko, Kegiatan CERDIK
КЫРГЫЗ-КЫТАЙ МАМИЛЕЛЕРИНИН АЛКАГЫНДАГЫ ОШ ОБЛУСУНУН КЫТАЙ ЭЛ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ МЕНЕН ЭЛ АРАЛЫК БАЙЛАНЫШЫ
Authors: Султанова А.Т.
Published: May 2023

Макалада Кыргыз Республикасынын мамлекеттик тышкы саясаттын алкагында Ош облусунун жана Ош шаарынын эл аралык байланыштарга катышуу укугунун берилиши жана анын натыйжасында Кытай Эл Республикасы менен байланышы, о.э. чет элдик инвестицияны тартуу менен социалдык-экономикалык маселелерди чечүүгө багытталган иш аракеттер баяндалат.
Application of Anaerobic Techniques in Laboratory Diagnosis of Otitis Media in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Nwaokorie F.O. , Nwokoye N.N. , Chukwu E.E.
Published: May 2023

Otitis media is a global disease with severe health, social and economic burdens. In Nigeria, there are limited data on the profile of anaerobic species associated with the categories of otitis media. The focus of most laboratory diagnosis for otitis media has been on aerobic organisms, the very few that considered anaerobes often use unsuitable standard anaerobic techniques that often lead to misdiagnosis. In other to prevent antibiotic resistance, treatment failure, recurrent infection and associated complication in cases of patients with otitis media, proper laboratory techniques should be utilized to ascertain the pathogens hence, anaerobes should not be overlooked. This review therefore underscores the standard methods of anaerobic techniques being utilized in the laboratory diagnosis of otitis media in Nigeria.
The Effect of Chronic Use of Dextromethorphan on Fertility in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Pilot Study
Authors: Adebajo A.O. , Gbotolorun S.C. , Oremosu A.A.
Published: May 2023

Background: The abuse of cough syrups containing dextromethorphan is increasingly becoming popular among young people. Objective: This pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of dextromethorphan (DM) on fecundity and to evaluate the reversibility of its reported deleterious effect on the testes upon discontinuation. Method: Forty-eight (48) male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into 8 groups (n = 6) as follows: Group 1 = distilled water control (10 ml/kg, p.o.), Groups 2-4: 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg; p.o., respectively for 4 weeks; Group 5: distilled water control (10 ml/ kg, p.o.), Groups 6-8: 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg, p.o.; respectively for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatments, 3 rats were randomly selected from each group and mated with females of proven fertility on late proestrous phase identified by vaginal cytology. The male rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation immediately the presence of spermatocytes was confirmed in the vaginal smear the next morning on estrus. Semen parameters were analysed and the testes were weighted and fixed in Bouin’s fluid. The remaining 3 rats from each group were used to assess recovery rate after 2 and 4 weeks respectively; they were mated and the above parameters were assayed. Results: Significant decrease in testicular weight was observed and this was highest at the 80 mg/kg dose in both the 4 and 8 weeks treatment groups and recovery groups compared to control. Generally, sperm count, sperm motility and percentage normal morphology reduced significantly in the treatment and recovery groups compared to the control groups in both the 4 and 8 weeks studies. Of these 3 parameters studied, sperm count recorded highest reduction compared to control in both the treatment and recovery groups. Histological sections of the testes from 40 and 80 mg/kg groups showed moderate to severe atrophy of seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa were sparsely present in the lumen. Also, no pups were littered to female rats in the 40 and 80 mg/kg groups in both the treatment and recovery studies. Conclusion: Results showed that chronic use of DM produces deleterious effect on the histoarchitecture of the testes and reduces semen parameters leading to infertility in males (infecundity) which was not reversed upon withdrawal.