bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Clinical Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Gastroretentive Tablets of Dipyridamole
Authors: Kumar Kiran , S Gurunath , Srikanth P , M Ajitha , Rao Y Madhusudan
Published: August 2020

The present research work was focused to develop a mucoadhesive tablet dosage form for dipyridamole, which shows pH dependent solubility, it is highly soluble in acidic pH and as the pH increases the solubility of the drug decreases. Hence it was selected as the drug candidate for the present research. Mucoadhesive tablets of Dipyridamole were successfully prepared by using polymers like HPMC K4M, Chitosan and Isabgul husk by wet granulation method. FT-IR studies showed that there is no incompatibility between drug, polymer and various excipients used in the formulations. Formulated tablets have shown satisfactory results for physical parameters and complied with the pharmacopeial limits. The ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength and mucoadhesive force was found to be in the range of 16.15- 21.20 g and 1.56-2.06 N. Total ex-vivo mucoadhesive time was observed in between 10 to 12 hours. The in-vitro drug release was found to be more than 90% for the formulations FMD2, FMD3 and FMD8, up to 12 hours. Based on in-vitro drug release and mucoadhesive properties, formulation FMD2 was selected as optimized formulation. The dissolution data were further characterized by fitting the data into various kinetic models. The drug release from the matrices followed zero order with non-fickian release (diffusion + erosion controlled) for the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was further subjected to swelling studies, which showed a swelling index of 286% up to 24 hours. The results indicated that the selected polymers were of swellable type. The stability studies were carried for 6 months as per ICH and WHO guidelines and the results of the stability study revealed that the optimized formulation is stable during the storage period. The in-vivo radiographic studies in fed condition, for the Mucoadhesive tablets (FMD2) showed a gastric residence time of more than 6 hours. When the radiographic images were taken at different time intervals and it was found to be in a particular location, which suggested that the retention of the dosage form might be due to the adhesion of dosage form to the gastric mucosa.
Influence of β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution of Isradipine
Authors: D Narendar , S Ettireddy
Published: August 2020

The content of this investigation was to study the influence of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation on enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine. Based on preliminary phase solubility studies, solid complexes prepared by freeze drying method in 1:1 molar ratio were selected and characterized by DSC for confirmation of complex formation. Prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for drug content, solubility and in vitro dissolution. The physical stability of optimized formulation was studied at refrigerated and room temperature for 2 months. Solid state characterization of optimized complex performed by DSC and XRD studies.  Dissolution rate of isradipine was increased compared with pure drug and more with HP-β-CD inclusion complex than β-CD. DSC and XRD analyzes that drug was in amorphous form, when the drug was incorporated as isradipine β-CD and HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Stability studies resulted in low or no variations in the percentage of complexation efficiency suggesting good stability of molecular complexes. The results conclusively demonstrated that the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine by drug-cyclodextrin complexation was achieved.
Role of Antioxidants in the Management Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: G Sruthi , Pillai Haritha H , Ullas Nisha , V Jiju , Abraham Elessy
Published: August 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications of both types of DM. However, the exact mechanism by which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in diabetic mellitus is only partly known and remains to be clarified. On the one hand, hyperglycemia induces free radicals; on the other hand, it impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system in patients with diabetes. Endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Their functions in human cells are to counter balance toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Common antioxidants include the vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione (GSH), and the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). Many natural antioxidants can be used in lowering blood glucose level. This review describes the importance of natural antioxidants to be included in the diet to reduce the hyperglycemic effect.
Quantification of Clofarabine and its Impurity Substances by RP-HPLC Method in Parenteral Formulation
Authors: Tandel Jinal N , Patel Jimi N , Shah Samir K
Published: August 2020

A simple, accurate and precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for estimation of clofarabine in parenteral formulation. Some known impurities like, alpha-anomer, 2-chloroadenine and monobenzoate are used which are related substances of clofarabine, for the analysis of the marketed formulation. Inertsil C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm) 5μ (particle size) was used as stationary phase and Buffer: Acetonitrile 90:10 v/v was used as mobile phase with flow rate 1 ml/min at 263 nm UV detection. The retention time of clofarabine was found to be 3.07 minutes. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml for clofarabine in which correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.999.  Force degradation study was perform and maximum degradation of Standard and Test of Clofarabine was found to be 18.8% and 17.5% respectively in Acidic condition. The LOD and LOQ was found to be 0.071 μg/mL and 0.21 μg/mL, respectively for clofarabine. Moreover, the % RSD for repeatability, inter and intra day precision was found to be within the range, which reveals that the method is precise. Accuracy study of the drug in marketed preparation also reported within the limits. In conclusion, the assay is useful for estimation of clofarabine in parenteral formulations.
Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin
Authors: Reddy D Samba
Published: August 2020

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016.  It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential).  These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs.  There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand.
Development and Evaluation of Mesalamine—Glutamine Cocrystal Tablets for Colon Specific Delivery
Authors: T Mamatha , M Sama , Qureshi Husna K
Published: August 2020

The objective of the work was to develop the co-crystal formulation of mesalamine with glutamine. It was done to enhance dissolution rate, solubility and physicochemical properties to be used in pharmaceutical composition (tablet) for colon targeting. Co-crystal preparation was carried out by liquid assisted grinding method using glutamine as a co-crystal former (1:1 stoichiometric ratio) and acetonitrile as a solvent giving maximum solubility and dissolution rate. The formation of the co-crystals was confirmed by Fourier Transform – Infra Red spectrometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Pre-compression studies included measure-ment of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index. The tablets were prepared by direct compression. Post compression parameters for uncoated tablets included hardness, size and thickness, friability and weight variation. Enteric-coated tablets were prepared by dip-coating process using Eudragit RSPO, Triethyl citrate and isopropyl alcohol mixture as coating solution. The coated tablets were further evaluated for disintegration and dissolution testing. All the results were found to be under specified limits. Finally, co-crystal tablets were compared with marketed formulation. In vitro dissolution rate of optimized mesalamine co-crystal tablet was comparatively higher than marketed formulation, which reflects improvement in solubility. Glutamine has good anti-inflammatory property. Formulation with glutamine as co-crystal added more efficacies to mesalamine for treatment in colon related inflammatory diseases. It was concluded that stable co-crystals of mesalamine -glutamine having better anti-inflammatory property, increased solubility and improved in vitro dissolution of mesalamine can be successfully prepared.
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications in Schizophrenia Management
Authors: Aparasu Rajender R , Rege Sanika
Published: August 2020

Antipsychotic medications are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder. However, oral antipsychotics are associated with a number of issues including poor treatment adherence. Long Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics were designed to address these issues with oral antipsychotics. LAI antipsychotics offer several advantages including less frequent dose administration, better adherence and tolerability, and relapse prevention, which in turn help in improving patients’ quality of life. Recent development of atypical antipsychotics has the advantages over typical antipsychotics in terms of improved efficacy and tolerability. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of LAI antipsychotics, outlines the currently available LAIs and their indications, and real-world evidence for LAIs based on the observational st
Spectroscopic Determination of Aspirin and Omeprazole by Absorbance Ratio and Multicomponent Mode Method
Authors: Khan Hajera , Bandewar Swapna S , Zameeruddin Mohammad , Bharkad Vishvanath B
Published: August 2020

Here we describe a simple, rapid and accurate method for simultaneous assay of aspirin and omeprazole. The first method was Absorbance ratio method (Method 1) and second method was multi component mode method of analysis (Method 2).  Methanol: water (8:2) was used as solvent for both methods, using 293 nm as isobestic point for absorbance ratio method. The wavelength ranges 275.80 nm for aspirin and 302.20 nm for omeprazole for method 2, which represents the absorbance maxima of both drugs respectively. Beer’s law was applied in the concentration ranges of 2-14μg/mL and 2-18 μg/mL for aspirin and omeprazole, respectively, in absorbance ratio methods. The percentage assay was found to be in the range 99.74 to 100 % for aspirin and 99.69 to 99.9 % for omeprazole for both the methods. Recovery was found in the range of 99.74 –100.14 % for aspirin and omeprazole for both methods. The analysis data has been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods, which were carried out according to the ICH guidelines.
Incidence of Polypharmacy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India
Authors: Chitti Renukaradhya , M Kumaraswamy , Acharya Ankit , C H Vijay , Dhakal Keshav , Rayamajhi Madan , Islam Azad Moidul , Kibria Faruk Azad
Published: August 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitusis a serious metabolic disorder with high prevalence rate throughout the world, especially in India. Due to the co-morbid conditions, there is necessity of polypharmacy among diabetes patients. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of polypharmacy in type-2 diabetic patients admitted to general medicine units in a typical tertiary hospital in India. A prospective and observational study was conducted among type-2 diabetic inpatients for the period of 9 months. A total of 152 patients were enrolled; female 90 (59%) patients predominated over males 62 (41%) patients. Maximum participants were illiterate (65%) from very low income families (58%). Out of 152 patients, 128 (84%) patients experience polypharmacy as part their treatment regimen. Polypharmacy was noted with a range of 4 to 8 drugs per prescription. In patients with age group of 51-60, 61-70 and 70 above, including females, smokers, alcohol users, co-morbidity was positively associated with polypharmacy, indicating that diabetes is associated with a variety of other conditions.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Clove Oil against Candida Albicans Isolated from Clinical Samples
Authors: Berakdar Noura , Radwan Abdulkarim
Published: August 2020

The main goal of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of clove oil against candida albicans of vaginal candidiasis in females from Syria. An in vitro study was carried out using the following Candida albicans strains involved in vaginal candidiasis using the well diffusion (WD) testing.Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and 15 strains were compiled from Aleppo University Hospital. These strains were collected from women having vaginal candidiasis. The antifungal activity of clove oil was determined in the form of inhibition zone using antifungal assay by agar WD testing.In all experiments, the obtained results indicated that clove oil has inhibitory effects on Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and against15 fungal strains. This study showed that clove oil was active against the tested Candida albicans strains. Clove oil was more effective against Candida albicans compared to the antifungal antibiotics nystatin, ketoconazole and itraconazol. Clove oil may have potential for use in the development of clinically useful antifungal preparations. Therefore, clove oil might be clinically effective in the natural prevention treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Validated UV Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Letrozole in Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Swain Suryakanta , Jena Bikash Ranjan , Sitty Manohar Babu , Pradhan Debi Prasad
Published: August 2020

The main intent of this research is to develop two new simple, novel, cost efficient and precise UV spectrophotometric methods for estimation of letrozole in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. For estimation of letrozole based on the measurement of UV light absorption, the spectras of letrozole were scanned efficiently and it exhibits maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) at 240nm for Method A and 245nm for Method B. The analysis was carried out against phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (Method A) and phosphate buffer pH 3.8 (Method B) respectively.  The drug shows linear response commencing from 0.5-20 µg/mL for both methods A & B. The regression equation was found as Y= 0.099X + 0.079 (Method A) and Y= 0.1359x + 0.0048 (Method B), and correlation coefficient were 0.999 (Method A) and 0.9999 (Method B). The method validation was accomplished as per the regulation of ICH Q2R1 guidelines for linearity, accuracy, and precision studies. These reported methods have good reproducibility with percentage RSD less than one. These methods were extended towards the formulation and there was no interruption from excipients in the formulation. Hence, these proposed methods can be effectively employed for evaluation of letrozole in quality control as well as routine analysis work in pharmaceutical industries.
Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sacubitril and Valsartan in their Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Gopi , Vohra Arshad , Shah Samir
Published: August 2020

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and completely validated for the estimation of Valsartan and Sacubitril in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Quantification of Valsartan and Sacubitril were carried out with precoated silica gel aluminum Plate 60 F254, (20 cm ×10 cm) 100 μm thickness as stationary phase. Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl Acetate: Glacial Acetic acid (8:2:1:1 % v/v/v). The optimized chamber saturation time before chromatographic development was 20 min at room temperature (25ºC ± 2). The length of chromatographic run was 8 cm which took average 15 min to develop. Densitometry scanning was performed using Camag TLC scanner IV with Win CATS software (V 1.4.6.2002, Camag). Optimized chromatogram of Valsartan and Sacubitril having Rf of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively. Linear relationship between peak area and concentration of standard was evaluated over the concentration range expressed in ng/band by making five replicate measurements in the concentrations range of 400-1400 ng/band and 4000-14,000 ng/band, respectively for Valsartan and Sacubitril. Literature reveals that there was no any method developed using HPTLC in simultaneous estimation of Valsartan and Sacubitril in their pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of drug content of different marketed formulations.
A Pharma Heroic Act that Wasn't Ignored Written and Published by Dr Bobby George
Authors: Reddy D Samba
Published: August 2020

Book Review
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Bilayered Matrix Tablets of Pioglitazone for Immediate Release and Glimepiride for Extended Release
Authors: Mangilal Teelavath , Y Shiva Kumar
Published: August 2020

Bi-layer tablets are novel drug delivery systems where a combination of two or more drugs in a single unit having different release profiles which improves patient compliance and prolongs the drug action. The study was performed to design bilayer matrix tablets of pioglitazone for immediate release and glimepiride for extended release delivery system. Bilayered matrix tablets composed of two layers, one is immediate release and a second layer is extended release layers. The immediate release layer comprised sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium as super disintegrates and extended release layer comprised ethyl cellulose and HPMC K4M as release retardant polymers. Direct compression method was employed for the formulation of bilayer tablets. In vitro studies have shown more than 80% of pioglitazone was released within 60 min. Ethyl cellulose and HPMC K4M retarded the release of glimepiride from the controlled release layer for 12 h. Drug release mechanism exponent (n) was determined for all formulations (0.689-0.789). The release of pioglitazone was found to follow a first order release and the release of glimepiride was followed zero order release model.
Gastroretentive Floating-Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System for Rebamipide: Design, In vitro and In vivo Evaluation
Authors: Ajmeera Ramarao , Gollapudi Rajesh
Published: August 2020

Rebamipide is an amino acid analog of 2-(1H)-quinolinone used in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Here we sought to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive floating-bioadhesive tablets of rebamipide to increase the gastric residence time and further compare their pharmacokinetics with conventional immediate release tablets. Floating-bioadhesive tablets of rebamipide were prepared with combination of Polyox WSR 303 and CP 971P/HPMC K4M and Sodium CMC by direct compression method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy and drug release. The optimized formulation (RBF12) floated with a lag time of 28.3 ± 3.2 sec, duration of floating 12 h and released about 99.91 ± 1.84% of drug in 12 h, and then followed non-Fickian diffusion release mechanism with n value of 0.635. The RBF12 tablets with BaSO4 remained in stomach for 5.13 ± 0.64 h (n=3) in radiological studies. The formulation, RBF12 exhibited maximum bioadhesive strength (1.346 ± 0.110 N) than other formulations. The bioavailability studies were carried out for the optimized formulation (RBF12) and compared with that of reference IR tablets “Rebagen” in nine healthy human volunteers. Based on in vivo performance significant difference was observed between Cmax, tmax, t1/2, AUC0–∞, and MRT of RBF12 and IR tablets. The increase in relative bioavailability of RBF12 was 1.7-fold when compared to reference IR tablets. The increased relative oral bioavailability may be due to the floating-bioadhesive mechanism of dosage form, which is desirable for drugs absorbed from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.
Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Mesalazine Colon Targeted Tablets
Authors: MD Rawoof , K Rajnarayana , M Ajitha
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the present study was to develop colon-targeted tablets of mesalazine by wet granulation method using 33 Response surface method with design of experiment software and HPMC K4M, Eudragit RL100, Ethyl cellulose and PVP K-30 used as pH dependent polymers. All the formulations (F1 to F27) were evaluated for the physicochemical parameters and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of Mesalazine released from tablets at different time intervals was estimated by UV spectrophotometer. The formulation F26 released 98.16 % of mesalazine after 24 h, whereas marketed product drug release was 92.02 ± 2.15 after  24 h. From in vivo bioavailability studies, after oral administration of colon targeted tablet containing 400 mg mesalazine, the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–∞ of optimized formulation and marketed product was found to be 683.21 ± 0.03 ng/mL, 6.01 ± 0.04 h, 4150.12 ± 5.12 ng*h/mL and 445.34 ± 3.22 ng/mL, 4.00 ± 0.01 h, 3457.18 ± 5.32 ng*h/mL respectively. Cmax, Tmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product. The pH dependent tablet system is a promising vehicle for preventing rapid hydrolysis in gastric environment and improving oral bioavailability of mesalazine for the treatment of disease at colon region.
Recent Advances in Nanocapsule: Types, Preparation Methods and Characterizatio
Authors: Thenrajan Raja Sekharan
Published: August 2020

Nanocapsules are submicroscopic colloidal drug carrier systems consist of a liquid/solid core in which the drug, gene, protein, and other substances are incorporated into the interior cavity that is surrounded by a distinctive polymeric membrane. Polymers like collagen, albumin, and gelatin are mainly using polymers in nanocapsule formulations. Nanocapsules can serve as nano-sized drug carriers to achieve controlled release as well as efficient drug targeting. The process is used to improve the poor aqueous drug solubility, taste, stabilizing drugs by protecting the molecule from the environment, providing the desired pharmacokinetic profile, allowing controlled release, as well as facilitating oral administration. Capsules are generally prepared between the range of 100 and 1000 nm. Their release and degradation properties largely depend on the composition and the structure of the capsule walls. The dispersion stability of nanocapsules determined by the surfactant, nature of the outer coating. This review describes various facts of nanocapsule drug delivery systems in relation to the method of formulation, characterization, potential benefits and risks, and pharmaceutical applications in drug delivery.
Flower-Mediated Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Butea monosperma Lam. and their Evaluation for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Rathod Dipika , Patel Illa , Chaudhari Priyanka , Solanki Anita Solanki
Published: August 2020

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is the simplest, affordable and eco-friendly approach, which attracted researchers because of their immense applications. The plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles plays an important role in the field of nanobiotechnology as they devoid of harmful chemicals. Plenty of reports were available on synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the vegetative parts of plant especially foliar/leaf parts but reports on floral/flower parts utilized for silver nanoparticles synthesis were limited. Although flowers were found as potential source of many important phytochemicals which can be used for treatments of many diseases and Butea monosperma Lam. Flowers were utilized for curing several diseases so, here its extract were used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using it as capping and stabilizing agent. The present study, deals with synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Butea monosperma Lam. Flower extracts through greener approach and then synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV- visible spectrometry, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which confirms its synthesis from silver metal. Further, the anti-bacterial properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied, and the results revealed that the flower mediated silver nanoparticles had showed strong anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Design and Evaluation of Telmisartan SMEDDS for Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution Rate
Authors: J Ramesh Babu , A Ramu , S Vidyadhara , T Balakrishna
Published: August 2020

Telmisartan belongs to a BCS class II drug i.e. low solubility and high permeability. It is an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker essentially used for the treatment and curing of hypertension. The critical problem facing with telmisartan as it shows low solubility in biological fluids which results into less bioavailability after oral administration. The aim of the present work is to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate of telmisartan by formulating an optimal SMEDDS formulation. SMEDDS were prepared by admixing method using Peceol and Captex 200 as oil phases. Labrafil M2125 as surfactant and Transcutol and plurololeique as co-surfactants. Later they obtained liquid SMEDDS were converted in to free flowing powder using adsorbent like Aerosil 200. All the SMEDDS formulations were found to be stable and they were further evaluated for physical parameters such as phase separation, particle size and drug content. The formulation CT1 with oil to co-surfactant ratio 1:1 respectively showed highest rate of dissolution than the other ratios. The drug, excipients and optimized formulation were subjected to characterization studies such as FTIR and DSC studies shown that there were no interactions between drug and excipients used.
Production Optimization versus Asset Availability – a Review
Authors: Balduíno Mateus , Torres Farinha José , Marques Cardoso António
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, companies want to give a quick answer in order to face their market competitors. Thesequick responses must be reflected in the quality of the products; to this be possible, it is necessary to manage anumber of factors that will bring benefits in its market positioning. As technology grows, there is the possibility, ata computational level, to create a combination of mathematical and technological tools that were not implementedin the past due to the lack of resources, since they have high robustness about their analytical resolution.This paper presents mathematical and computer tools that have potential great benefits when applied to industrialproblems solving, such as operation management.Along the paper it is made a temporal location of all tools with their main objectives about optimizing industrial processes, focusing on maintenance costs, contributing directly to the rationalization of global costs of theprocesses.Analytical and technological methods that have had great success regarding to the reduction costs of productionin industries are presented. The approaches of this paper bring a literary review of process optimization, namelyabout Neural Networks and multivariate analysis for prediction
Algebraic Method of Solution of Schrödinger’s Equation ofa Quantum Model
Authors: Hanna Latif , Alharbey Rania , Abdalla Sebawe , Hassan Shoukry
Published: August 2020

This work is aiming to show the advantage of using the Lie algebraic decomposition technique to solvefor Schrödinger’s wave equation for a quantum model, compared with the direct method of solution. The advantageis a two-fold: one is to derive general form of solution, and, two is relatively manageable to deal with the case oftime-dependent system Hamiltonian. Specifically, we consider the model of 2-level optical atom and solve for thecorresponding Schrödinger’s wave equation using the Lie algebraic decomposition technique. The obtained formof solution for the wave function is used to examine computationally the atomic localization in the coordinate space.For comparison, the direct method of solution of the wave function is analysed in order to show its complicationwhen dealing with time-dependent Hamiltonian.The possibility of using the Lie algebraic method for a qubit model(a driven quantum dot model) is briery discussed, if Schrödinger’s wave function is to be examined for the qubitlocalization.
Efecto del manejo farmacológico del sistema nervioso autónomo en la pancreatitis aguda inducida por el veneno de escorpión Tityus zulianus en un modelo ex vivo
Authors: Saravia Cruces Katiuska María , Lippo de Bécemberg Itala América , Trejo Ernesto José , Alfonzo Rosas Marcelo , Zury Domínguez Zury
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La pancreatitis es una de las consecuencias principales del envenenamiento escorpiónico producido por el género Tityus. El manejo farmacológico mediante el uso de agonistas y antagonistas α adrenérgicos en modelos experimentales in vivo e in vitro, permiten establecer una aproximación del papel del Sistema Nervioso Simpático (SNS) en el desarrollo de la pancreatitis. Objetivo: determinar el papel del SNS en el desarrollo de la pancreatitis aguda inducida por el veneno de escorpión Tityus zulianus (TzV), por medio del uso de simpaticolíticos como la clonidina y el prazosin. Métodos: La Extravasación de Proteínas Plasmáticas (EPP) en el páncreas se evaluó mediante el método de Azul de Evans (AE), modificado de Saria y Lundberg (1983) a 620 nm; n=3 ratones NIH en cada grupo experimental. Las comparaciones se hicieron por ANOVA de una vía y las pruebas post HOC por Tukey-Kramer. Resultados: Ambos fármacos (1mg/Kg), disminuyeron significativamente p< 0,01 (**) la EPP en el páncreas inducida por el TzV, en comparación con los animales inoculados solo con TzV. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los animales del grupo control y los grupos tratados con los fármacos más el TzV. Conclusiones: El efecto pancreatotóxico del TzV en ratones podría tener un componente autonómico dado que drogas simpaticolíticas al disminuir la actividad noradrenérgica reducen la magnitud del edema. Esto sugiere que ambos fármacos pueden usarse como estrategia terapéutica en estos casos.
Programación fetal
Authors: Castro María J.
Published: August 2020

El término Origen Temprano de las Enfermedades del Adulto explica la aparición temprana de las condiciones anormales cardiovasculares y metabólicas en la vida adulta, mayor riesgo de morbilidad y muerte asociados a factores ambientales, especialmente nutricionales, que actúan en las primeras etapas de la vida. Estas respuestas programadas dependen de la naturaleza del estímulo o noxa, del tiempo de exposición y del momento de ocurrencia de la noxa, pudiendo un solo genotipo original varios fenotipos y estarían condicionadas por criterios críticos en los cuales se desarrollarían cambios a largo plazo pudiendo ser reversibles o no. La Programación Fetal explica que respuestas adaptativas embrionarias y fetales en un ambiente subóptimo genera consecuencias adversas permanentes. La desnutrición, así como la sobrenutrición fetal aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar alteraciones en el peso y composición corporal fetal, y posteriormente obesidad, síndrome metabólico, incremento en la adiposidad, alteración en el metabolismo de la glucosa y / o insulina, alteración del metabolismo lipídico, alteraciones hepáticas y de las cifras tensionales. La impronta genómica es esencial para el desarrollo y defectos en la misma puede originar alteraciones de la identidad parental transmisibles a las siguientes generaciones. Esta programación fetal puede ser explicada por la epigenética, definida como la serie de alteraciones hereditarias de la expresión genética a través de modificaciones del ADN y las histonas centrales sin cambios en la secuencia de ADN. Estas modificaciones epigenéticas alteran la estructura y condensación de la cromatina, afectando la expresión del genotipo y fenotipo. Este artículo desarrolla los aspectos involucrados en la Programación Fetal y los posibles mecanismos sobre la misma.
Una nueva perspectiva: aproximación ética-moral al problema de la nutrición
Authors: Cuenca Gloria
Published: August 2020

¿Se puede ver el problema de la desnutrición y la alimentación desde el punto de vista ético? Se trata de un dilema o de una contradicción, revisaremos los conceptos de ética, moral y valor. Consideraremos el reto de ser ético al usar las Redes Sociales y la posibilidad de pensar en la Nutrición Virtual.
Aminoácidos de cadena ramificada: implicaciones en la salud
Authors: Gutiérrez Carina , Lares Mary , Sandoval Jorge , Hernández María S.
Published: August 2020

El consumo de proteína y especialmente aminoácidos esenciales juega un papel fundamental en la dieta, ya que suple las necesidades de nitrógeno del organismo y favorece el mantenimiento de estructuras corporales. En los últimos años, la nutrición y la tecnología de los alimentos están experimentando una profunda transformación debido al desarrollo del concepto de alimentos funcionales y nutracéuticos. Tanto las proteínas funcionales como los péptidos bioactivos están cobrando gran importancia ya que, además de su papel nutricional por ser fuente de aminoácidos, son capaces de ejercer diferentes efectos biológicos específicos sobre el sistema inmune, el sistema cardiovascular o el tracto gastrointestinal. Los aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAAs denominación por las siglas en inglés) como lo son la Leucina, Isoleucina y Valina son considerados útiles para el tratamiento y predicción de algunas enfermedades, el presente artículo de revisión, se recopila información acerca de los aminoácidos de cadena ramificada y su uso positivo en el tratamiento de diferentes patologías como enfermedades neurológicas, hepáticas, cardiometabólicas, cáncer, además de su uso en deportistas. Se tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1. La búsqueda se realizó en reconocidas bases de datos, 2. Se incluyeron artículos desde el 2006 a la fecha, 3. Se realizó la búsqueda con palabras como aminoácidos de cadena ramificada y efecto en diferentes patologías, con la inclusión de artículos donde se menciona el consumo humano de los mismos, se excluyeron artículos donde los aminoácidos no intervengan de manera positiva en su consumo y tratamiento de enfermedades.
Efectos de la terapia hormonal con drospirenona / 17 β - estradiol sobre los parámetros del síndrome metabólico en posmenopáusicas
Authors: Donnino Ana , Urdaneta Machado José R. , Sanabria Charles , Núñez G José Rafael , Baabel Zambrano Nasser , Contreras Benítez Alfi , Fernández Correa Mariem Encarnación , Labarca Laurenis
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la terapia hormonal (TH) con Drospírenona (DRSP)/17 β -estradiol (E2), sobre los parámetros del Síndrome Metabólico (SM) en pacientes postmenopáusicas. Métodos: Investigación comparativa y aplicada, con diseño cuasi experimental, de casos y controles a simple ciego, prospectivo y de campo; realizada en la Consulta de Ginecología. Hospital “Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo”. San Francisco, Estado Zulia. Venezuela. Participaron 120 mujeres separadas al azar para recibir la combinación DRSP/E2 (Grupo A) o un placebo (Grupo B). Se evaluaron los componentes del SM antes y posterior a 6 meses de haber recibido la TH. Resultados: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de SM en ambos grupos antes de recibir el tratamiento (53,3% y 48%; grupo A y B respectivamente). Posterior al tratamiento, DRSP/E2 al compararse con un placebo, redujo significativamente tanto la prevalencia del SM como el riesgo de padecerlo (21,7% versus 48,3%, OR [IC95%]= 0,29 [0,13-0,65]; p < 0.001), con reducción significativa (p< 0.001) de la hipertensión arterial, glicemia basal alterada, hipertrigliceridemia y obesidad central; además de una reducción significativa de los síntomas vasomotores, síntomas psicológicos e incontinencia urinaria (p< 0.001). En el grupo B la prevalencia del SM se mantuvo sin cambios, salvo para la glicemia basal alterada y los síntomas vasomotores y psicológicos que mostraron una reducción significativa (p< 0.001). Conclusión: DRSP/E2 (2mg/1 mg) demostró ser eficaz luego de 6 meses de tratamiento tanto para el control de los parámetros que definen al SM; con pocos y leves efectos indeseados.
Manual RC Bridge Analysis and Designing
Authors: Ali Ayaanle Maxamed
Published: August 2020

Bridges is a structure intended to carry the road traffic or other moving load to pass through the obstacles. The bridge may be roadway bridge, railway bridge,a canal, pipelines, etc. the main obstacles can be river, valley, and others.Bridges are very important in the modern roads and railway transportation system, generally serving as social infrastructure system. During constructing bridge there are three main components of the bridge, and they are (substructure, superstructure, bearing), etc. this study is concern about the manual analysis and design of the bridge, it’s built for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacles, generally something that can obstacle to cross otherwise.
Assessment of Go-Jek Transfortation Services in Indonesia Through Gap Service Quality and Impact on Consumer Loyalty
Authors: Wijaya Eko , Setiadjit Dayal Gustopo , Budiharti Nelly
Published: August 2020

Along with the development of transportation era, it becomes a very important need in running the wheels of the people's economy , with the increase in online-based technology , competition in the field of online transportation can not be avoided. To be able to compete with other online transportation companies by improving the quality of services provided to consumers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of service of PT. Go-Jek Indonesia for consumers. Based on the results of this study using the Service Quality method (seen from Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assuransc, Emphaty ) by distributing questionnaires using Google forms to 400 respondents throughout the service area of PT. Go-Jek Indonesia. The results of the service quality / gap calculation for each statement dimension are all of negative values, indicating that the services provided by PT. Go-Jek Indonesia cannot be said of quality or service quality does not meet the expectations of Go-Jek customers. This condition shows that there is still a need to improve the quality of services provided by PT. GoJek Indonesia in order to achieve the ideal service quality to remain competitive with other competitors.
Deconstruction of Conventional Accountability: A Criticism Built from Mousque Accountability
Authors: . Riyanti , . Damayanti , . Syarifuddin
Published: August 2020

This study aims to find and understand the meaning of accountability for the takmir of the mousque and then deconstruct the conventional accountability model from the perspective of Islamic values contained in the accountability of the mousque. This research is a type of qualitative research using Derrida-style deconstruction as a method of deconstruction and Islamic values as a data analysis tool. Data obtained by conducting telephone interviews for three months, checking documents, and doing literacy reviews from various sources. The results show that conventional accountability practices by companies specifically nonprofit organizations are still full of egoistic and materialistic values. Therefore, the logosentrime of conventional accountability needs to be deconstructed. Based on research findings, accountability that is free from egoistic and materialistic can be realized with the concept of mousque accountability which is built from the perspective of Islamic values. The findings show the trust and spiritual values become the foundation for takmir in taking responsibility both horizontally and vertically..
From Wesleyanism To Pentecostalism: Historical And Theological Perspectives
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: August 2020

Undoubtedly, Pentecostalism is the most influential religious movement of the twentieth century. Not only has this movement changed the religious landscape of the world, but it has also contributed enormously to the growth of Christianity in many societies. The contributors to the rapid growth of Pentecostal churches as compared to mainline historic churches have attracted scholarly attention for some time now. Current theological interest in this subject has prompted this study that traces the success of Pentecostalism to its adherence to foundations laid by the Wesleyan Holiness revival movement of the nineteenth century. Through a historico-theological survey, the author contends that Wesleyan teachings and practices such as the authority of the Bible, holiness, use of spiritual gifts, evangelism, social ministry, and others, are key to the survival of global Christianity now and in the years to come.
Exploring Ethnicity in Hospital Patients with COVID-19 in South London
Authors: Zatorska Anna , Konar Niladri , Saha Pratyasha , Moseley Alice , Denman Jessica , Hatahintwali Fabiola , Ali Reema , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: August 2020

Ethnicity was found to be an independent risk factor in COVID-19 outcomes in the UK and the USA during the pandemic surge. London, being in the epicentre and having one of the most ethnically diverse population in the UK, was likely to have experienced a much higher intensity of this phenomenon. Black Asian and Minority ethnic groups were more likely to be admitted, more likely to require admission to intensive care, and more likely to die from COVID-19.
We undertook an analysis of a case series to explore the impact of ethnicity in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the 3 months of the pandemic. Our results demonstrated that although the proportion of Asian and Black patients were representative of the local population distribution, they were much younger. The prevalence of comorbidities was similar but logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9; p=0.02), age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.04, p<0.001), those in the ‘Other’ [Odds ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.6) p = 0.01] and ‘Asian’[Odds ratio 1.8 (1.1-2.7) p=0.01], category were at higher risk of death in this cohort.
Our results, therefore, are consistent with the overall data from the UK and USA indicating that ethnicity remains a significant additional risk and hence our clinical services must ensure that adequate provision is made to cater to this risk and research must be designed to understand the causes.
DOES POLICY UNCERTAINTY AFFECT EQUITY, COMMODITY, INTEREST RATES, AND CURRENCY MARKETS? EVIDENCE FROM CBOE’S VOLATILITY INDEX
Authors: Shaikh Imlak
Published: August 2020

Economic policy drives investment, production, employment, and other macroeconomic indicators of the economy. The study examines the equity, commodity, interest rates, and currency markets, taking into consideration the US economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index. The present work determines the association among policy uncertainty and volatility index, expressed in terms of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and period of empirical work spanning from 2000 to 2018. The results suggest that equity markets’ volatility tends to be very high based on a high degree of policy uncertainty. The findings on the commodity market indicate that crude oil and gold prices remain more volatile during the presidential election and financial crisis. One of the essential results shows that the 2000s boom, early credit crunch, Lehman’s collapse and recession, and fiscal policy battles have significantly affected the equity, currency, and commodity markets. The interest rates and currency markets have responded considerably to Feds’ and EPU index. The empirical outcome provides evidence that implied volatility index is a forward looking expectation of future stock market volatility, and it uncovers that policy uncertainty affects investor sentiment. The present work holds some practical implications for the government to formulate policies to regulate the US market.
Two new species of the Exocelina ekari group from New Guinea with strongly modified male antennae (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)
Authors: Shaverdo Helena , Surbakti Suriani , Sumoked Bob , Balke Michael
Published: August 2020

Two new species of the genus Exocelina Broun, 1886: E. athesphatossp. nov. and E. tsingasp. nov. are described from New Guinea and placed into the E. ekari group based on the structure of their male genitalia. The two species are very similar with respect to their external morphology and characterised by almost identical, strongly modified male antennae. However, they can easily be separated by the shape and setation of the median lobe and paramere. Based on morphological similarity and results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis, we suggest these are sister species. Both of them have been collected on the southern slopes of the Central Range (the spine of New Guinea), with a distance of ca. 380 km straight line between the collecting localities.
La concurrence par la sélectivité entre masters franciliens
Authors: Blanchard Marianne , Chauvel Séverine , Harari-Kermadec Hugo
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose d’analyser les phénomènes de différenciation des Masters universitaires franciliens au prisme de leurs modalités de recrutement, en partant de l’hypothèse selon laquelle les hiérarchies observées reflètent autant qu’elles contribuent à produire les positions relatives de ces formations dans l’espace de l’enseignement supérieur. Deux perspectives sont envisagées. La première, à partir de données issues de la base SISE (Système d’information sur le suivi des étudiants), vise à affiner le constat statistique d’une sélection sociale dans l’accès à ces formations, notamment en montrant que celle-ci diffère fortement d’un établissement à l’autre. La seconde, à partir de données qualitatives – entretiens et observations –, vise à montrer comment les pratiques effectives de recrutement des responsables de Masters universitaires franciliens sont affectées par les ressorts organisationnels et la compétition entre les formations.