bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using DNA From Mothers and Children to Study Parental Investment in Children’s Educational Attainment
Authors: Wertz Jasmin , Moffitt Terrie E. , Agnew‐Blais Jessica , Arseneault Louise , Belsky Daniel W. , Corcoran David L. , Houts Renate , Matthews Timothy , Prinz Joseph A. , Richmond‐Rakerd Leah S. , Sugden Karen , Williams Benjamin , Caspi Avshalom
Published: October 2019

This study tested implications of new genetic discoveries for understanding the association between parental investment and children’s educational attainment. A novel design matched genetic data from 860 British mothers and their children with home‐visit measures of parenting: the E‐Risk Study. Three findings emerged. First, both mothers’ and children’s education‐associated genetics, summarized in a genome‐wide polygenic score, were associated with parenting—a gene–environment correlation. Second, accounting for genetic influences slightly reduced associations between parenting and children’s attainment—indicating some genetic confounding. Third, mothers’ genetics were associated with children’s attainment over and above children's own genetics, via cognitively stimulating parenting—an environmentally mediated effect. Findings imply that, when interpreting parents’ effects on children, environmentalists must consider genetic transmission, but geneticists must also consider environmental transmission.
Development of Implicit Links Between Effort, Pain, and Recovery
Authors: Toyama Noriko
Published: October 2019

This article describes three studies that examined Japanese children’s and adults’ intuitive perceptions regarding the links between pain, effort, and healing. A total of 79 six‐year‐olds, 81 nine‐year‐olds, 74 twelve‐year‐olds, and 66 adults were presented with scenarios involving modern and traditional medical interventions and were examined with regard to how the level of pain and effort presented in the scenarios influenced their views of healing. It was consequently found that the 6‐year‐olds tended to judge painful interventions as aversive, while adults considered them to be effective. Furthermore, overall, effortful interventions were believed to be more efficacious than painful ones. The children and adults appeared to assume that people who have tried hard and expended considerable effort deserve to be healed quickly. These results are in accord with the coexistence model, which posits that an individual can have coexisting scientific and folk beliefs across his/her life course.
A new approach to molecular biosurveillance of invasive species using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Westfall Kristen Marie , Therriault Thomas W. , Abbott Cathryn L.
Published: October 2019

Non‐indigenous species (NIS) reach every corner of the world, at times wreaking havoc on ecosystems and costing the global economy billions of dollars. A rapid and accurate biosurveillance tool tailored to a particular biogeographic region is needed to detect NIS when they are first introduced into an area as traditional detection methods are expensive and require specialized expertise. Metabarcoding of environmental and community DNA meets those biosurveillance requirements; a novel tool tailored to the Northwest Pacific Ocean is presented here using an approach that could revolutionize early detection of NIS. Eight newly designed genetic markers for multiple gene regions were implemented to meet the stringent taxonomic requirements for the detection of NIS across four major marine phyla. The tool was considered highly successful because it identified 12 known NIS in the study area and a further seven species representing potential new records. Overall community composition detected here was statistically different between substrate types; zooplankton sampling accounted for significantly higher species richness than filtered sea water in most cases, but this was dominated by mollusk and arthropod species. Both substrate types sampled were required to identify the wide taxonomic breadth of known NIS in the study area. Intensive sampling is known to be paramount for the detection of rare species, including new incursions of NIS, thus it is recommended to include diverse DNA sampling protocols based on species’ life‐history characteristics for broad detection capacity. Application of a metabarcoding‐based molecular biosurveillance tool optimized for biogeographic regions enables rapid and accurate early detection across a wide taxonomic range to allow quick implementation of eradication or control efforts and potentially mitigate some of the devastating effects of NIS worldwide.
Climate change decreases the cooling effect from postfire albedo in boreal North America
Authors: Potter Stefano , Solvik Kylen , Erb Angela , Goetz Scott J. , Johnstone Jill F. , Mack Michelle C. , Randerson James T. , Román Miguel O. , Schaaf Crystal L. , Turetsky Merritt R. , Veraverbeke Sander , Walker Xanthe J. , Wang Zhuosen , Massey Richard , Rogers Brendan M.
Published: October 2019

Fire is a primary disturbance in boreal forests and generates both positive and negative climate forcings. The influence of fire on surface albedo is a predominantly negative forcing in boreal forests, and one of the strongest overall, due to increased snow exposure in the winter and spring months. Albedo forcings are spatially and temporally heterogeneous and depend on a variety of factors related to soils, topography, climate, land cover/vegetation type, successional dynamics, time since fire, season, and fire severity. However, how these variables interact to influence albedo is not well understood, and quantifying these relationships and predicting postfire albedo becomes increasingly important as the climate changes and management frameworks evolve to consider climate impacts. Here we developed a MODIS‐derived ‘blue sky’ albedo product and a novel machine learning modeling framework to predict fire‐driven changes in albedo under historical and future climate scenarios across boreal North America. Converted to radiative forcing (RF), we estimated that fires generate an annual mean cooling of −1.77 ± 1.35 W/m2 from albedo under historical climate conditions (1971–2000) integrated over 70 years postfire. Increasing postfire albedo along a south–north climatic gradient was offset by a nearly opposite gradient in solar insolation, such that large‐scale spatial patterns in RF were minimal. Our models suggest that climate change will lead to decreases in mean annual postfire albedo, and hence a decreasing strength of the negative RF, a trend dominated by decreased snow cover in spring months. Considering the range of future climate scenarios and model uncertainties, we estimate that for fires burning in the current era (2016) the cooling effect from long‐term postfire albedo will be reduced by 15%–28% due to climate change.
The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: Its Impact on Asia
Authors: Khadria Binod , Thakur Narender , Nicolas Imelda , Lee Takgon , Yang Jigmin , Jang Ychen
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM), a landmark international document that builds on the momentum of a decade of initiatives at the international level on migration governance, and its impact on Asia from the perspective of South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, and South Korea. While none of these countries voted against the adoption of the GCM, there are significant differences in how individual countries approached the commitments made in the GCM. These perspectives were articulated in a webinar hosted by Metropolis Asia on 20 June 2018 and in governmental statements made at the UN international conference when the GCM was adopted. This article also discusses the challenges confronting the implementation of the GCM. While the Compact resulted from inclusive and intensive negotiations and many compromises, the road towards realizing its goals will be at least as challenging as the road that led to its adoption. In spite of these challenges, the GCM is a ground‐breaking representation of the first multilateral framework for migration governance. Its success rests upon the recognition that addressing the challenges and maximizing the benefits of migration require true international cooperation, renewed commitment and meaningful action on the commitments agreed to.
Males’ calls carry information about individual identity and morphological characteristics of the caller in burrowing petrels
Authors: Gémard Charlène , Aubin Thierry , Bonadonna Francesco
Published: October 2019

Acoustic communication in burrowing petrels has been poorly studied. However, as for many other bird species, acoustic communication seems to play an essential role in social interactions during the breeding season of these seabirds. Bachelor males call from their burrow, likely to attract females, but also when vocally challenged by other males. Calling in the breeding colony exposes petrels to high predation risks and thus it should provide an important benefit. The present study focuses on the informative content of males’ calls in the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata, two monogamous petrel species producing a single egg per year. We tested the hypotheses that acoustic parameters of a male's calls 1) reflect phenotypic characteristics, and 2) bear an individual vocal signature. To do so, we first tested on both species the relationships between seven morphometric measurements and 11 acoustic parameters using multivariate analyses. Second, we performed a between‐class analysis and calculated the potential of individuality coding (i.e. the ratio between intra‐ and inter‐individual variabilities) for acoustic parameters in both spectral and temporal domains. Results show acoustic parameters (especially energy quartiles, call duration, and syllable or phrase rate) reflect the caller's body size, bill morphology and wing morphology in both species. Considering the seeming pertinence of wing morphology, we suggest wing area may be a more relevant trait to consider than wing length when studying soaring birds. The results support the idea that energy quartiles, phrase rate and call duration also code for individual identity. Information carried by males’ calls might play a role in social interactions, such as burrow defence (e.g. male‐male competition, neighbour‐stranger discrimination) and/or female mate choice.
Long non‐coding RNA TNRC6C‐AS1 promotes methylation of STK4 to inhibit thyroid carcinoma cell apoptosis and autophagy via Hippo signalling pathway
Authors: Peng Xinzhi , Ji Chengcheng , Tan Langping , Lin Shaojian , Zhu Yue , Long Miaoyun , Luo Dingyuan , Li Honghao
Published: October 2019

The role of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in thyroid carcinoma (TC), the most frequent endocrine malignancy, has been extensively examined. This study investigated effect of interaction among lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1, serine/threonine‐protein kinase 4 (STK4) and Hippo signalling pathway on TC. Initially, lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 expression in TC tissues was detected. To explore roles of lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1, STK4 and Hippo signalling pathway in TC progression, their expressions were altered. Interaction between lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 and STK4, STK4 promoter methylation, or Hippo signalling pathway was verified. After that, a series of experiments were employed to evaluate in vitro ability of apoptosis, proliferation and autophagy of TC cells and in vivo tumorigenicity, and tumour growth of TC cells. lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 was highly expressed while STK4 was poorly expressed in TC tissues. LncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 promoted the STK4 methylation and down‐regulated STK4 expression, which further activated the Hippo signalling pathway. STK4 silencing was observed to promote the proliferation ability of TC cells, inhibit the apoptosis and autophagy abilities, as well as enhance the tumorigenicity and tumour growth. Moreover, the in vitro proliferation ability as well as the in vivo tumorigenicity and tumour growth of TC cells were inhibited after the blockade of Hippo signalling pathway, while the apoptosis and autophagy abilities were promoted. The results demonstrate that the lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 increases STK4 promoter methylation to down‐regulate STK4 expression, thereby promoting the development of TC through activation of Hippo signalling pathway. It highlights that lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of TC.
Development of cooling system assisted grinding mechanism for spices
Authors: Shelake Pramod S. , Dabhi Mukesh N.
Published: October 2019

Grinding is a vital step in the postharvest processing of spices, therefore requires special attention to preserve the aroma and flavor compounds present in them. During grinding, the overall temperature increases significantly which results in loss of a considerable fraction of their volatile oil or flavoring components in spices. This problem can be addressed by maintaining the continuous low temperature within the mill thereby retaining most of the flavor strength per unit mass of spice. During development of low‐temperature grinding mill, firstly design of cooling coil (evaporator) was done by considering the dimension of grinding chamber. It was fixed on the grinding chamber and then refrigeration load was calculated. On the basis of this refrigeration load, refrigerant and compressor were selected; while capillary tube and condenser were designed.

Practical applications

The developed low‐temperature grinding mill is very efficient in reducing the rate of increase in temperature inside the mill (grinding chamber). This helps in retaining the essential components of the food products in terms of nutrition, flavor, and aroma.
Statistical process control for industrial baking process of smoked CALABRESE‐type sausage
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Milena , de Jesus Soares Alexandre Batista , Mazutti Marcio A. , Dalla Rosa Clarissa , Alvarado Soares Mónica Beatriz
Published: October 2019

Statistical process control (SPC) was implemented in an industrial baking process of smoked Calabrese‐type sausage, a step that influences the final quality of the product. Data from the cooking process were collected to evaluate the stability of the process. The parameters such as air speed, smoke speed, temperature profile inside the smoker, and the internal temperature of the product were evaluated. The thermophysical properties (conductivity, resistance, and thermal diffusivity) of the sausage were also determined. The generation of control charts and process capability analysis showed that the parameter of weight losses is not under control. The results for the thermophysical properties, weight losses between the smoker, internal temperature variation of the smoker, and the air speed of the smoke inside the oven did not show a significant difference (p > .05) during the cooking process. However, a significant difference was observed in the steam pressure of the smoker. Through the actions directed by the SPC, it was possible to notice a reduction of 0.27% in the variability of the process.

Practical Applications

SPC is a tool developed to assist in efficient quality control and provides information for process validation, to check critical control points and diagnose possible deviations at all stages of the process, as well as to indicate the possible sources of these variations of quality, making possible corrections and interactions with the process. The research presents the process capability analysis for the industrial cooking step of Calabrese‐type smoked sausage, using the variable weight loss as control parameter, for the standardization and process control in obtaining standardized and good quality products. After the corrective actions indicated by the SPC, the variability of the process was reduced, improving the characteristics of the final product.
Effect of cryogenic freezing combined with precooling on freezing rates and the quality of golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus)
Authors: Zhao Yuanheng , Ji Wei , Chen Liubiao , Guo Jia , Wang Junjie
Published: October 2019

Faster food freezing rate can be achieved with a lower cold medium velocity at a lower temperature in the cryogenic freezer. In this paper, the Plank method and the computational fluid dynamics method were adopted to analyze the freezing time and freezing rate of golden pomfrets, respectively. To further increase the freezing rate, samples were precooled in the refrigerator (5°C) or the slurry ice (0°C) before freezing in the cryogenic freezer. The result indicates that the freezing rate of the sample is significantly increased after precooling in the slurry ice. And for the same high freezing rate, the result of the quality testing shows there will be a better frozen quality under a lower cold medium velocity at a lower temperature. In conclusion, precooling in the slurry ice (0°C) and freezing with cold medium of 1.7 m/s at −100°C successively is the most efficient method for maintaining the quality of the frozen golden pomfret.

Practical Applications

Freezing food with a high freezing rate can realize the shelf‐life extension and long‐term preservation. However, there is little research on how to obtain a better quality of the frozen food at the same freezing rate, namely freezing with a lower cold medium velocity at a lower temperature or with a higher cold medium velocity at a higher temperature. This research demonstrates that the former method is preferable. The result shows that precooling in the slurry ice (0°C) and freezing with cold medium of 1.7 m/s at −100°C successively can significantly increase the freezing rate, which is the most efficient method to improve the frozen quality of the golden pomfret. This process can be well applied in the fast food freezing industry.
The hidden edifice of (food) sovereignty: Rights, territory, and the struggle for agrarian reform in Venezuela
Authors: Lubbock Rowan
Published: October 2019

This article seeks to make a critical contribution to the “sovereignty problem” in food sovereignty (FS) studies. Contemporary scholarship has largely struggled to answer the question of who or what is sovereign within the realm of FS politics—underpinned by the relocalisation of agrarian production, sustainable nature–society relations, and a radical democratisation of food systems. Although the most recent scholarship has made significant progress on this issue, I offer an alternative historical materialist account of sovereignty understood as the combination of rights and territory. From a critical Marxian perspective, I deconstruct the basis of sovereign power as the intersection between social property rights (exploitation) and territorial governance (political technology) congealed within both capital and the state. This approach thus provides some clarity as to the necessary breaks required to establish an FS regime (self‐directed labour and cooperative territorial governance). The framework is then applied to the case of Bolivarian Venezuela. While witnessing some important achievements, Venezuela's FS experiment has encountered a number of contradictions. As this case study shows, peasant struggles aiming to retake control over production and establish cooperative forms of governance must traverse the entire terrain of the state and thus affect a broader socialisation of society's sociopolitical infrastructures.
Evaluation of subject response following treatment for pigmentation or wrinkles using a diode laser
Authors: Koren Amir , Isman Gila , Friedman Or , Salameh Fares , Niv Roni , Shehadeh Waseem , Artzi Ofir
Published: October 2019

Background

Pulsed diode array laser systems are utilized extensively for various aesthetic indications such as removal of unwanted hair, treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions, and wrinkle reduction.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to report and assess the experience of using a diode laser system delivering pulsed infrared laser light at the near‐infrared (NIR) spectrum at wavelengths of 805 and 1060 nm.

Methods

The study was a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in adult subjects treated at the clinic between January 2017 and April 2018 for wrinkles and pigmentation with a noninvasive aesthetic diode laser system. Subjects were treated at nominal wavelengths of 805 nm for pigmentation and 1060 nm for wrinkles reduction. Improvement in pigmentation and wrinkles, adverse events, and patient tolerability to treatment and satisfaction were evaluated.

Results

Of 44 subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types II‐IV, eight were treated for pigmentation and 36 for wrinkles. For both treatments, subjects reported tolerable pain levels. All immediate responses resolved within 48 hours post‐treatment. Evaluation of treatment outcomes by two blinded evaluators demonstrated significant pigmentation clearance mean of 2.50 ± 0.15, (P < .05) in subjects treated for pigmentation, as well as significant improvement mean of 0.46 ± 0.12 (P = .005) in wrinkles in 13 subjects (41%) whose “before” and “after treatment” photographs were correctly identified by both blinded evaluators. Subjects were satisfied with the treatments.

Conclusions

Use of the Diode laser effectively resulted in improvement in pigmentation and wrinkles, while maintaining a high safety profile with limited downtime.
The Unrealized Eschatology of Michel Henry: Theological Gestures from his Phenomenological Aesthetics
Authors: Rios Christopher C.
Published: October 2019

This study responds to readings of Michel Henry’s eschatology as over‐realized through an analysis of his frequently neglected phenomenological aesthetics in Seeing the Invisible: On Kandinsky in light of the theological articulation of his phenomenology of life. It argues for a distinctly unrealized thrust to his program by foregrounding the notion of monumental art and the rootedness of human praxis, artistic and otherwise, in concrete sensible reality. The conclusion suggests that Henry’s project, while theologically problematic, opens a path towards the development of a theological phenomenological cosmology when supplemented.
Incorporating the temporal autocorrelation of demographic rates into structured population models
Authors: Pilowsky July A. , Dahlgren Johan P.
Published: October 2019

Population dynamics are typically temporally autocorrelated: population sizes are positively or negatively correlated with past population sizes. Previous studies have found that positive temporal autocorrelation increases the risk of extinction due to ‘inertia’ that prolongs downward fluctuations in population size. However, temporal autocorrelation has not yet been analyzed at the level of life cycle transitions. We developed an R package, colorednoise, which creates stochastic matrix population projections with distinct temporal autocorrelation values for each matrix element. We used it to analyze long‐term demographic data on 25 populations from the COMADRE and COMPADRE databases and simulate their stochastic dynamics. We found a broad range of temporal autocorrelation across species, populations and life cycle stages. The number of stage‐classes in the matrix strongly affected the temporal autocorrelation of the growth rate. In the plant populations, reproduction transitions had more negative temporal autocorrelation than survival transitions, and matrices dominated by positive temporal autocorrelation had higher extinction risk, while in animal populations transition type was not associated with noise color. Our results indicate that temporal autocorrelation varies across life cycle transitions, even among populations of the same species. We present the colorednoise package for researchers to analyze the temporal autocorrelation of structured demographic rates.
CD154‐expressing CMV‐specific T cells associate with freedom from DNAemia and may be protective in seronegative recipients after liver or intestine transplantation
Authors: Ashokkumar Chethan , Green Michael , Soltys Kyle , Michaels Marian , Mazariegos George , Reyes‐Mugica Miguel , Higgs Brandon W. , Spishock Brianna , Zaccagnini Madison , Sethi Pradeep , Rzempoluch Alexis , Kepler Alexandra , Kachmar Pam , Remaley Lisa , Winnier Julia , Jones Katie , Moir Kayla , Fazzolare Tamara , Jenkins Katherine , Hartle Tara , Falik Rachel , Ningappa Mylarappa , Bond Geoffrey , Khanna Ajai , Ganoza Armando , Sun Qing , Sindhi Rakesh
Published: October 2019

Cell‐mediated immunity to CMV, if known, could improve antiviral drug therapy in at‐risk children and young adults with LT and IT. Host immunity has been measured with CMV‐specific T cells, which express IFNγ, but not those which express CD154, a possible substitute for IFNγ. CMV‐specific CD154+ T cells and their subsets were measured with flow cytometry after stimulating PBL from recipient blood samples with an overlapping peptide mix of CMV‐pp65 antigen for up to 6 hours. CMV‐specific CD154+ T cells co‐expressed IFNγ in PBL from three healthy adults and averaged 3.8% (95% CI 3.2%‐4.4%) in 40 healthy adults. CMV‐specific T cells were significantly lower in 19 CMV DNAemic LT or IT recipients, compared with 126 non‐DNAemic recipients, 1.3% (95% CI 0.8‐1.7) vs 4.1 (95% CI 3.6‐4.6,P < .001). All T‐cell subsets demonstrated similar between‐group differences. In logistic regression analysis of 46 training set samples, 12 with DNAemia, all obtained between days 0 and 60 from transplant, CMV‐specific T‐cell frequencies ≥1.7% predicted freedom from DNAemia with NPV of 93%. Sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 83%, 74%, and 53%, respectively. Test performance was replicated in 99 validation samples. In 32 of 46 training set samples, all from seronegative recipients, one of 19 recipients with CMV‐specific T‐cell frequencies ≥1.7% experienced DNAemia, compared with 8 of 13 recipients with frequencies <1.7% (P = .001). CMV‐specific CD154+ T cells are associated with freedom from DNAemia after LT and IT. Among seronegative recipients, CMV‐specific T cells may protect against the development of CMV DNAemia.
Becoming unique: A qualitative study of identity development of adolescent kidney recipients
Authors: Leblond Marie , Achille Marie , Clermont Marie‐José , Blydt‐Hansen Tom
Published: October 2019

Teenagers who receive a renal organ transplant have to take up the double challenge of identity development, the primary task of adolescence, and of overcoming the complexities of their illness. Previous qualitative studies found that adolescents felt that the organ transplant and its treatments mainly defined who they are. The relationship to the donor can be a source of concern for some of them, especially for those who received from a parent and feel an obligation to be obedient and grateful. While donor parents are known to interpret their gesture as giving life for a second time, no research to date has described how this particular gesture may influence adolescent development. The present article aims to examine and describe identity development of teenage kidney recipients in a context of parental or deceased donation. We used a qualitative design involving individual interviews with 10 adolescents. Five of them received from a donor parent, five from a deceased donor. Data were analyzed using IPA. Results suggest that identity development is influenced by similar concerns for all adolescents regardless of donor source: body image, social relationships, and anxiety about the future. One aspect that stood out from the discourse of those who received from a parent was feelings of guilt towards the donor when engaging in behaviors that could comprise graft survival, which was a challenge for identity development. Receiving the transplant freed teens from the struggle of just managing their illness and was a catalyst for exploration and engagement, which are crucial for identity development.
Early caregiving experiences and the impact on transition into adulthood and further life: a literature review
Authors: Roling Maren , Falkson Sandra , Hellmers Claudia , Metzing Sabine
Published: October 2019

Internationally, there is a growing body of knowledge about young carers, but there is a lack of research about their experiences in later life and about how their caregiving responsibility influences their transition into adulthood and affects them in their future life. The aim of this literature review is to present the experiences of young adult carers in the phase of life in which many decisions are made for one's own life as an adult. In addition, the retrospective perspective of former caregivers will be described, too. Thirteen studies, published in English or German, were included after critical appraisal. Of these, six focused on the phase of transition and seven gave their attention to the retrospective. The analysis was performed explorative in line with the Grounded Theory Method. The findings of the literature review provide insights into the family situations at the time of caregiving and into the tasks of former young carers. They also impart the positive and negative effects. Former young carers assumed responsibilities they did not want to take over. They often took on the parental role. In retrospective, especially older female siblings felt that they had to change roles, often taking over the mother's role. In this role, they sometimes felt overwhelmed and left alone. Adult former carers feel mentally less healthy and insufficiently strengthened due to the long‐term care or support they have given. But there are also positive effects pointed out by former young carers. Many of them are distinguished by outstanding social skills in adulthood. They feel well prepared for life through the care experiences and appreciate the practical skills they have learned. The results of this literature review show that the caring experiences influence the life of former young carers and determine their further life course.
Self‐rated health in mothers of children hospitalised for severe illnesses and mothers of healthy children: cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aftyka Anna , Rosa Wojciech , Taczała Jolanta
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Self‐rated health (SRH) is a recognised tool for predicting morbidity and mortality.

Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate and compare SRH in a group of mothers of hospitalised children and mothers of healthy children and to indicate the variables associated with poor SRH in both groups.

Methods

We conducted questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional research in a group of 184 women. Half of the respondents (n = 92) were the mothers of children hospitalised for a severe illnesses (Group H). The control group (n = 92) comprised mothers of healthy children (Group C). Self‐Rated Health (SRH), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL‐40 v. GP) were used. In order to facilitate critical appraisal and interpretation of results, STROBE recommendations were used.

Results

The prevalence of poor SRH was greater in mothers of children hospitalised for a severe illness than in those of healthy children (35 and 19%, respectively). In both groups, the risk of poor SRH was statistically significantly higher in those mothers who for the past 7 days reported at least moderate pain and in mothers who manifested anxiety symptoms. In both groups, the prevalence of poor SRH was statistically significantly lower if the respondents' children were in good health. The risk of poor SRH was associated with poor financial status in group H and with depression and at least moderate pain for the past 7 days in group C.

Relevance to clinical practice

In order to provide mothers of severely ill children with high‐quality health care including preventive measures, it is recommended that their health is assessed by healthcare professionals.
The effect of solution‐focused interviews (SFI) conducted by nurses on middle school adolescents’ healthy lifestyles: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Aslan Funda
Published: October 2019

Aim

This study aimed at assessing the effect of solution‐focused interviews for the promotion of health locus of control and self‐efficacy on adolescents’ healthy lifestyles.

Method

The present study, which was designed as a quasi‐experimental study, included pretest and post‐test control groups and was conducted in the period between 5 February 2017 and 30 April 2017. The intervention group comprised 28 (n = 28) adolescents from a school, and the control group comprised 30 (n = 30) adolescents from another school. Solution‐focused interviews, which included educational information regarding leading a healthy lifestyle as well as cognitive–behavioural interview, were conducted with the adolescents of the intervention group, 1 day per week (nine sessions in total).

Results

In comparison to the control group, adolescents in the intervention group exhibited differences in all the sub‐dimensions health promotion scale (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These results established the applicability and effectiveness of the programme, such that the health promotion programme could be included in the literature. Moreover, it is anticipated that this programme would be applied in school settings in the future.
Linear hypothesis testing for weighted functional data with applications
Authors: Smaga Łukasz , Zhang Jin‐Ting
Published: October 2019

In socioeconomic areas, functional observations may be collected with weights, called weighted functional data. In this paper, we deal with a general linear hypothesis testing (GLHT) problem in the framework of functional analysis of variance with weighted functional data. With weights taken into account, we obtain unbiased and consistent estimators of the group mean and covariance functions. For the GLHT problem, we obtain a pointwise F‐test statistic and build two global tests, respectively, via integrating the pointwise F‐test statistic or taking its supremum over an interval of interest. The asymptotic distributions of test statistics under the null and some local alternatives are derived. Methods for approximating their null distributions are discussed. An application of the proposed methods to density function data is also presented. Intensive simulation studies and two real data examples show that the proposed tests outperform the existing competitors substantially in terms of size control and power.
The null hypothesis of (common) jumps in case of irregular and asynchronous observations
Authors: Martin Ole , Vetter Mathias
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes novel tests for the absence of jumps in a univariate semimartingale and for the absence of common jumps in a bivariate semimartingale. Our methods rely on ratio statistics of power variations based on irregular observations, sampled at different frequencies. We develop central limit theorems for the statistics under the respective null hypotheses and apply bootstrap procedures to assess the limiting distributions. Furthermore, we define corrected statistics to improve the finite sample performance. Simulations show that the test based on our corrected statistic yields good results and even outperforms existing tests in the case of regular observations.
Sustainable Marine Economic Development in Vietnam in the Period 2011-2018
Authors: Phong Hoang Ngoc , My Nguyen Cong , Hoa Bùi Thị Thanh , Ngoc Lê Bich
Published: October 2019

This work is to test the hypothesis of sustainable economic development by using a linear structural model. The structural equations in the structural model show that, the social development goals depend on economic growth and environmental protection goals, namely (Social target) = 1.22 * (Economic target) - 0.064 * (Environment target) and economic  development target depend on social development goals and environmental protection goals, namely (Economy target) = 1.35 * (Social target) - 0.039 * (Environment target). The result show that both economic and social development have an adverse environmental impact that will no longer harmonize goals, reflecting the unsustainable marine economic development in the period of 2011-2018. There have many factors of unsustainable marine economic development in period 2011-2018, but mainly is low economic growth efficiency, low labor productivity and  the process of urbanization does not truly create a foundation for economic development.
Characteristic Parameters Estimation of Active Magnetic Bearings in a Coupled Rotor System
Authors: Kuppa Sampath Kumar , Lal Mohit
Published: October 2019

Present research inspects the performance of rotor–bearing–coupling system in the presence of active magnetic bearings (AMBs). A methodology is suggested to quantify various fault characteristics along with AMB characteristic parameters of a coupled turbine generator system. A simplest possible turbogenerator system is modeled to analyze coupling misalignment. Conventional methodology to estimate dynamic system parameters based on forced response information is not enough for AMB-integrated rotor system because it requires current information along with displacement information. The controlling current of AMB is tuned and controlled with a controller of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) type. A numerical technique (Lagrange's equation) is applied to get equations of motion (EOM). Runge–Kutta technique is used to obtain EOM to acquire the time domain responses. The fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is applied on obtained responses to acquire responses in the frequency domain, and full spectrum technique is applied to propose the methodology. A methodology that depends on the least squares regression approach is proposed to evaluate the multifault parameters of AMB-integrated rotor system. The robustness of the algorithm is checked against various levels of noise and modeling error and observed efficient. An appreciable reduction in misalignment forces and moments is observed by using AMBs.
Clinical Infrared Imaging in the Prone Position for Breast Cancer Screening—Initial Screening and Digital Model Validation
Authors: Recinella Alyssa N. , Gonzalez-Hernandez Jose-Luis , Kandlikar Satish G. , Dabydeen Donnette , Medeiros Lori , Phatak Pradyumna
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women with over 266,000 new cases diagnosed every year in the United States. The various methods used for breast cancer screening range in accuracy and cost; however, there is no easily reproducible, reliable, low-cost, nonradiative screening modality currently available, especially for dense breast tissue. Steady-state infrared imaging (IRI) is promising in this area as it is unaffected by tissue density and has the potential to detect tumors by measuring and capturing the thermal profile on the breast surface induced by increased blood perfusion and metabolic activity associated with the tumor. In our proposed clinical IRI and simulation approach (CIRIS™), women with biopsy-proven breast cancer are imaged with IRI in the prone position. The prone position is able to provide a thermal profile of the entire breast without any gravitational deformation or thermal abnormalities in the inframammary fold. A digital model, created using clinical images, is thermally simulated through a commercially available software using known tumor characteristics obtained from the available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The resulting surface thermal profile is compared with the IRI images. In the three cases discussed here, the digital model was able to accurately predict the breast surface temperature distribution, showing the promise of this approach in breast cancer screening. This preliminary work is expected to lead the way for a larger clinical study in the future to establish IRI as an adjunctive screening technique.
Measurement of the residual stress in chromium nitride coatings deposited on an aluminum alloy substrate using arc ion plating method
Authors: Kusaka Kazuya , Shirasaka Kenta , Yonekura Daisuke , Tanaka Yuta
Published: October 2019

Chromium nitride (CrN) coatings were deposited on Al alloy substrates using the arc ion plating method with different bias voltages and different thicknesses. The residual stresses of these samples were measured via x-ray diffraction using the sin2 ψ method because the CrN crystals in the coatings were nonoriented. The stress gradient across the CrN coating was calculated from the curved 2θ-sin2 ψ diagram. In the case of CrN coatings deposited at low bias voltage, the compressive residual stress that formed at the substrate interface was larger than the stress at the surface of the CrN coating. Conversely, in the case of CrN coatings deposited at high bias voltage, the compressive residual stress on the surface of the CrN coating was larger than the stress on the interface with the substrate. In CrN coatings deposited at high bias voltage, very large compressive residual stress on the CrN coating surface decreased with increasing coating thickness.
Bacterial microbiome associated with the rhizosphere and root interior of crops in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Cordero Jorge , de Freitas J. Renato , Germida James J.
Published: October 2019

Rhizosphere and root associated bacteria are key components of plant microbiomes and influence crop production. In sustainable agriculture, it is important to investigate bacteria diversity in various plant species and how edaphic factors influence the bacterial microbiome. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to assess bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere and root interior of canola, wheat, field pea, and lentil grown at four locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Rhizosphere bacteria communities exhibited distinct profiles among crops and sampling locations. However, each crop was associated with distinct root endophytic bacterial communities, suggesting that crop species may influence the selection of root bacterial microbiome. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the root interior, whereas Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria were prevalent in the rhizosphere soil. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were predominant in the rhizosphere and root interior, whereas Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, Variovorax, and Xanthomonas were dominant in the root interior of all crops. The relative abundance of specific bacterial groups in the rhizosphere correlated with soil pH and silt and organic matter contents; however, there was no correlation between root endophytes and analyzed soil properties. These results suggest that the root microbiome may be modulated by plant factors rather than soil characteristics.
Unmanned aircraft systems enable three-dimensional viewshed-based assessment of potential disturbance to nesting raptors by recreational rock climbing
Authors: Dwyer James F. , Austin Daryl D. , Beebe Chelsea
Published: October 2019

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can be safer, less expensive, and less labor intensive than manned aircraft in wildlife conservation programs. Consequently, the use of UAS is increasing, but other than installation of line markers to reduce avian collision with power lines, UAS approaches generally involve passive observations. We wondered if UAS could more actively help guide conservation decision-making, so we used UAS-sourced photographs to create 3D models of cliffs to conduct viewshed-based assessments of potential disturbance to nesting raptors by recreational rock climbing. At Cathedral Spires Park and Clear Creek Canyon Park in Jefferson County, Colo., we collected 4790 photographs from which we constructed 3D models. We identified climbing routes and climbing areas with potential to disturb nesting Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Our findings were useful in providing Jefferson County Open Space (JCOS) with quantitative data so that informed defensible resource management decisions could be made. This project provides an example of how UAS can be used to actively create products useful in wildlife conservation and management and, given the widespread and increasing popularity of rock climbing globally, likely can be generalized to other areas worldwide where rock climbers and nesting raptors share cliffs.
Data‐Driven Approximated Optimal Control for Chemical Processes with State and Input Constraints
Authors: He Mingfang
Published: October 2019

Input and state constraints widely exist in chemical processes. The optimal control of chemical processes under the coexistence of inequality constraints on input and state is challenging, especially when the process model is only partially known. The objective of this paper is to design an applicable optimal control for chemical processes with known model structure and unknown model parameters. To eliminate the barriers caused by the hybrid constraints and unknown model parameters, the inequality state constraints are first transformed into equality state constraints by using the slack function method. Then, adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) with nonquadratic performance integrand is adopted to handle the augmented system with input constraints. The proposed approach requires only partial knowledge of the system, i.e., the model structure. The value information of the model parameters is not required. The feasibility and performance of the proposed approach are tested using two nonlinear cases including a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) example.
Prospective Long-Term Follow-Up of Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity Reduction Caused by Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Landman Yosef , Stemmer Salomon Marcello , Sulkes Aaron , Neiman Victoria , Granot Tal , Hendler Daniel , Kramer Mordechai Reuven , Gelmon Karen , Yerushalmi Rinat
Published: October 2019

Background. Our previous study of pulmonary function in 34 patients with early breast cancer without preexisting lung disease showed that anthracycline- and taxane-based adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy (DDC) caused a significant 16.4% mean reduction in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO). The present study reports the pulmonary and oncological outcomes of these patients on long-term follow-up. Patients and methods. The primary endpoint was DLCO measured by the pulmonary function test (PFT) performed at a median of 27 months after DDC (range, 8–97) in 25 patients without disease recurrence. DLCO values were recorded as a percentage of predicted values according to age, height, and hemoglobin level and analyzed relative to baseline pre-DDC DLCO values. The secondary endpoints were symptoms, additional therapies, and cancer outcomes during a median of 11 years’ follow-up (range, 4.4–11.4). Results. A longitudinal general linear model showed significant effects of time on DLCO and its trend (F(1, 87) = 14.68, p<0.001 and F(1, 87) = 10.26, p=0.002, respectively). Complementary descriptive analysis showed a significant recovery on the follow-up PFT (75.6% vs. 81.9%, p=0.002), but it was still significantly lower than the baseline DLCO (81.9% vs. 92.0%, p=0.003). Five patients (20%) still showed a >20% relative DLCO reduction from baseline. Patients with dyspnea or fatigue at later clinical follow-up had a significantly lower DLCO value on the follow-up PFT than nonsymptomatic patients (80.5% vs. 92.1%, p=0.02). DLCO recovery was inversely correlated with age (R = −0.39, p=0.05), but no significant correlation was found with the length of time until the follow-up PFT or additional therapies. There was no association of DDC-related DLCO reduction with cancer outcomes. Conclusions. The significant reduction in DLCO seen after DDC in patients with potentially curable breast cancer is evident years afterwards, especially in older patients. While most patients partly recover, some will have a lasting symptomatic DLCO impairment.