bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the potential of karst vadose deposits in constraining Quaternary tectonic subsidence
Authors: Ballesteros Daniel , Pérez‐Mejías Carlos , Moreno Diego , Moreno‐Sánchez Marcos , Reyes‐Carmona Cristina , Alfonso‐Jorde David , Azañón José Miguel , Booth‐Rea Guillermo , Torre Davide , Jerez‐Longres Paula Sofía , Pérez‐Peña Vicente , González‐Ramón Antonio , Cheng Hai , Galve Jorge Pedro , Ruano Patricia
Published: July 2024

In carbonate coastlines, karst studies have traditionally focused on reconstructing Quaternary coastal uplift and sea level oscillations. However, their potential for investigating coastal subsidence remains unexplored in regions with limited sedimentary records and scientific monitoring. In line with this, our study delved into the utility of karst research for deciphering the Quaternary evolution of the Granada coast in southern Spain—a shoreline marked by a conspicuous scarcity of records and information regarding recent tectonic movements. The current labelling data and the absence of evidence for uplift led to the hypothesis that the Granada coast may be susceptible to subsidence, though this conjecture remained unconfirmed. While submerged marine terraces were clearly identified, they were previously interpreted as consequences of sea‐level oscillations. Our multidisciplinary approach integrated karst vadose features, biostratigraphy, and the dating of 22 speleothems to address the potential uplifting or subsiding dynamics of the Granada coast. The findings indicated that the Granada coast experienced emersion between 3.5/2.4 Ma and 650 ka ago. Notably, this uplift predated similar occurrences in neighbouring coastal regions to the W and E, which occurred within the last 200–180 ka. These disparities in timing cannot be solely attributed to sea‐level fluctuations, suggesting the involvement of the tectonic activity during the Quaternary. The tectonic likely led to the emergence of the Granada coast and its karstification, followed by subsidence. Furthermore, we identified the extensional faults that caused the coastal subsidence, previously documented in studies conducted in nearby regions. However, until now, their specific impact on the Granada coast had not been comprehensively stated. In summary, our research introduces a novel application of classical karst investigations in the understanding coastal subsidence and the extensional active tectonic. By comparing vadose cave ages with established chronologies in adjacent coastal areas, this approach sheds light on the complex tectonic evolution of coastal regions.
Advancing head and neck cancer management: Unveiling the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of molecular profiling
Authors: Baral Binav , Suleiman Riham , Fazer‐Posorske Casey A. , Ma Daniel J. , McGarrah Patrick W. , Thome Stephan D. , Molina Julian R. , Price Katharine A. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Fuentes Harry E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Head and neck cancers (HNC) present diagnostic challenges due to multifocal disease manifestations, posing difficulties in distinguishing between metastatic disease and second primary malignancies (SPM). This complexity underscores the need for advanced diagnostic approaches. Emerging technologies, such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and molecular classifier assays, show promise in providing precise insights into the diverse etiologies of HNC.

Method

In this article, we employed NGS and molecular classifier assays to delve into three distinct clinical cases. The objective was to showcase the instrumental role of these technologies in facilitating accurate diagnoses and differentiating between metastatic disease and SPM in HNC cases.

Results

The results of this series highlight the effectiveness of NGS and molecular classifier assays in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for HNC and contributing to the precise differentiation of disease etiologies. The utilization of these advanced technologies proved instrumental in avoiding unnecessary interventions and paved the way for more targeted and effective treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the necessity of incorporating advanced molecular testing technologies into the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HNC, thereby championing a more nuanced and effective approach to managing these complex cases.
Response and outcome of patients with melanoma skin metastases and immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Forschner Andrea , Nanz Lena , Maczey‐Leber Yves , Amaral Teresa , Flatz Lukas , Leiter Ulrike
Published: July 2024

It is known, that different metastatic organ systems respond differently to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent to which skin/subcutaneous metastases respond to ICI or targeted therapies (TTs) and whether the response rate differs from that of distant metastases in the same patient. Patients with melanoma diagnosed between January 2021 and September 2023 with at least one skin/subcutaneous metastasis who had received therapy with ICI or TT in an advanced setting were included in the analysis. Best overall response (BOR) was classified according to the revised response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). The BOR of skin metastases and visceral metastases to ICI and TT was compared using the chi‐square test. Skin metastases treated with ICI a first‐line setting showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 44.1%. In contrast, visceral metastases had a higher ORR of 51.1%. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .77). Regarding TT, the ORR for skin metastases was 57.1%, compared to 38.5% for visceral metastases (p = .59). Interestingly, the ORR for skin/subcutaneous metastases was notably lower with ICI compared to visceral metastases, in contrast to patients who underwent TT. Skin metastases showed a poorer response to ICI than visceral metastases. Therefore, careful monitoring is recommended to detect non‐response early in patients with skin metastases as skin metastases may have a worse response than TT. A larger cohort is needed for a comprehensive analysis and confirmation of our results.
Isoflurane preconditioning attenuates OGD/R‐induced cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity by regulating the miR‐210/BNIP3 axis
Authors: Zhang Dongbo , Wu Qiaoling , Liu Feifei , Shen Tu , Dai Siqi
Published: July 2024

Isoflurane, a commonly used inhaled anesthetic, has been found to have a cardioprotective effect. However, the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that isoflurane preconditioning enhanced OGD/R‐induced upregulation of miR‐210, a hypoxia‐responsive miRNA, in AC16 human myocardial cells. To further test the roles of miR‐210 in regulating the effects of isoflurane preconditioning on OGD/R‐induced cardiomyocyte injury, AC16 cells were transfected with anti‐miR‐210 or control anti‐miRNA. Results showed that isoflurane preconditioning attenuated OGD/R‐induced cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity (as assessed by cell viability, LDH and CK‐MB levels), which could be reversed by anti‐miR‐210. Isoflurane preconditioning also prevented OGD/R‐induced increase in apoptotic rate, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 activities, and Bax level and decrease in Bcl‐2 expression level, while anti‐miR‐210 blocked these effects. We also found that anti‐miR‐210 prevented the inhibitory effects of isoflurane preconditioning on OGD/R‐induced decrease in adenosine triphosphate content; mitochondrial volume; citrate synthase activity; complex I, II, and IV activities; and p‐DRP1 and MFN2 expression. Besides, the expression of BNIP3, a reported direct target of miR‐210, was significantly decreased under hypoxia condition and could be regulated by isoflurane preconditioning. In addition, BNIP3 knockdown attenuated the effects of miR‐210 silencing on the cytoprotection of isoflurane preconditioning. These findings suggested that isoflurane preconditioning exerted protective effects against OGD/R‐induced cardiac cytotoxicity by regulating the miR‐210/BNIP3 axis.
Label‐free assessment of the transformation zone using multispectral diffuse optical imaging toward early detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Karthika J. , Anantharaju Arpitha , Koodi Dhanush , Pandya Hardik J. , Pal Uttam M.
Published: July 2024

The assessment of the transformation zone is a critical step toward diagnosis of cervical cancer. This work involves the development of a portable, label‐free transvaginal multispectral diffuse optical imaging (MDOI) imaging probe to estimate the transformation zone. The images were acquired from N = 5 (N = 1 normal, N = 2 premalignant, and N = 2 malignant) patients. Key parameters such as spectral contrast ratio (ρ) at 545 and 450 nm were higher in premalignant (0.29, 0.25 for 450 nm and 0.30, 0.17 for 545 nm) as compared to the normal patients (0.13 and 0.14 for 450 and 545 nm, respectively). The threshold for the spectral intensity ratio R610/R450 and R610/R545 can also be used as a marker to correlate with the new and original squamous columnar junction (SCJ), respectively. The pilot study highlights the use of new markers such as spectral contrast ratio (ρ) and spectral intensity ratio (R610/R450 and R610/R545) images.
The landscape of clinical trials in corneal regeneration: A systematic review of tissue engineering approaches in corneal disease
Authors: Boroumand Safieh , Rahmani Mahya , Sigaroodi Faraz , Ganjoury Camellia , Parandakh Azim , Bonakdar Alireza , Khani Mohammad‐Mehdi , Soleimani Masoud
Published: July 2024

The limited availability of a healthy donor cornea and the incidence of allograft failure led researchers to seek other corneal substitutes via tissue engineering. Exploring the trend of clinical trials of the cornea with the vision of tissue engineering provides an opportunity to reveal future potential corneal substitutes. The results of this clinical trial are beneficial for future study designs to overcome the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. In this study, registered clinical trials of bio‐based approaches were reviewed for corneal regeneration on March 22, 2024. Among the 3955 registered trials for the cornea, 392 trials were included in this study, which categorized in three main bio‐based scaffolds, stem cells, and bioactive macromolecules. In addition to the acellular cornea and human amniotic membrane, several bio‐based materials have been introduced as corneal substrates such as collagen, fibrin, and agarose. However, some synthetic materials have been introduced in recent studies to improve the desired properties of bio‐based scaffolds for corneal substitutes. Nevertheless, new insights into corneal regenerative medicine have recently emerged from cell sheets with autologous and allogeneic cell sources. In addition, the future perspective of corneal regeneration is described through a literature review of recent experimental models.
Treatment comparison of hydroxyurea versus ruxolitinib in essential thrombocythaemia: A matched‐cohort analysis
Authors: Grunwald Michael R. , Ritchie Ellen K. , Rumi Elisa , Assad Albert , Hamer‐Maansson J. E. , Yu Jingbo , Kalafut Tricia , Braunstein Evan , Passamonti Francesco
Published: July 2024

Hydroxyurea is the preferred first‐line cytoreductive treatment for high‐risk essential thrombocythaemia (ET), but many patients are intolerant or refractory to hydroxyurea. Ruxolitinib has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with ET. This post hoc analysis compared the clinical outcomes of patients with ET who received hydroxyurea only with those who switched from hydroxyurea to ruxolitinib due to intolerance/resistance to hydroxyurea. Patients with ET refractory/intolerant to hydroxyurea treated with ruxolitinib in a completed phase 2 study (HU‐RUX) were propensity score matched with patients who received hydroxyurea only in an observational study (HU). Changes in leukocyte and platelet counts were reported at 6‐month intervals during the 48‐month follow‐up. Following propensity score matching, 37 patients were included for analysis in each cohort. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) leukocyte and platelet counts at index were higher for HU‐RUX versus HU (leukocyte: 9.3 [5.1] vs. 6.8 [3.1] × 109/L; platelet: 1027.4 [497.8] vs. 513.9 [154.7] × 109/L), both of which decreased significantly from index to 6 months through to 48 months in HU‐RUX (mean [SD] change from index at 6 months—leukocyte: −1.8 [4.6] × 109/L; platelet: −391.7 [472.9] × 109/L; at 48 months—leukocyte: −3.8 [5.3] × 109/L; platelet: −539.0 [521.8] × 109/L), but remained relatively stable in HU (mean [SD] change from index at 6 months—leukocyte: 0 [1.8] × 109/L; platelet: −5.7 [175.3] × 109/L; at 48 months—leukocyte: −0.1 [2.7] × 109/L; platelet: −6.9 [105.1] × 109/L). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that switching from hydroxyurea to ruxolitinib in patients with ET who are intolerant or refractory to hydroxyurea could improve abnormal haematologic values similar to those who receive first‐line hydroxyurea.
Reliability and changes in knee cartilage T2 relaxation time from 6 to 24 months after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Nukuto Koji , Gale Tom , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kamada Kohei , Irrgang James J. , Musahl Volker , Anderst William
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of cartilage T2 relaxation time measurements and to identify focal changes in T2 relaxation on the affected knee from 6 to 24 months after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Data from 41 patients who received anatomic ACLR were analyzed. A bilateral 3.0‐T MRI was acquired 6 and 24 months after ACLR. T2 relaxation time was measured in subregions of the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau. The root‐mean‐square coefficient of variation (RMSCV) was calculated to evaluate the reliability of T2 relaxation time in the contralateral knee. Subregion changes in the affected knee T2 relaxation time were identified using the contralateral knee as a reference. The superficial and full thickness layers of the central and inner regions showed good reliability. Conversely, the outer regions on the femoral side and regions in the deep layers showed poor reliability. T2 relaxation time increased in only 3 regions on the affected knee when controlling for changes in the contralateral knee, while changes in T2 relaxation time were identified in 14 regions when not using the contralateral knee as a reference. In conclusion, evaluation of cartilage degeneration by T2 relaxation time after ACLR is most reliable for central and inner cartilage regions. Cartilage degeneration occurs in the central and outer regions of the lateral femoral condyle from 6 to 24 months after anatomic ACLR.
Perioperative management protocol for pediatric endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe in esophageal motility disorders
Authors: Mansi Sherief , Dorfman Lev , El‐Chammas Khalil , Santucci Neha , Graham Khaleb , Fei Lin , Wittkugel Eric , Levi Stacy , Kaul Ajay
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Lower esophageal sphincter achalasia is associated with a higher risk of aspiration during anesthesia. Endoluminal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP) is used as an adjunctive tool in both the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia, for which all children require anesthesia. Anesthesia may affect the parameters of the EndoFLIP due to its effect on gut motility. There are no standard anesthesia protocols to help decrease the risk of aspiration and the undesirable effect of anesthesia on EndoFLIP parameters. This study aims to standardize an anesthesia protocol to target both goals.

Methods

A protocol was developed to address perioperative management in patients undergoing EndoFLIP for any indication to minimize both anesthetic effect on the esophageal motility as well as perioperative complications. A retrospective data analysis was conducted on patients who underwent EndoFLIP at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; pre‐ and post‐protocol implementation data including adverse events was compared.

Results

Pre‐protocol implementation: 60 cases (median age of 13.8 years, 30 [50%] females) with 2 cases of adverse events (3.3%). Post‐protocol implementation: 71 cases (median age of 14.6 years, 37 [52.1%] females) with no adverse events (0/71 = 0%). In comparison between pre‐ and post‐protocol cases, no significant difference was noted in gender, age, and adverse events. Post‐protocol procedures were found to be significantly shorter (median time of 89 vs. 79 min, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Our anesthesia protocol provides a standardized way of administering anesthesia minimizing impact on EndoFLIP parameters and aspiration for patients with achalasia.
What drives tourists to take a digital‐free tourism?
Authors: Liu Jia‐Qi , Jeon Chang‐Young , Yang Hee‐Won
Published: July 2024

This study utilizes a combined model of two social cognitive models, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior, to analyze how smartphone use triggers the demand for DFT. For this purpose, this study conducted an online survey and used the quota sampling method. Of the collected response sheets, a total of 534 valid samples were used in the final analysis. The analysis verified the hypothesis using confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. This study presented that regarding threat and coping appraisals of smartphone use, perceived vulnerability and response efficacy positively affect protection motivation. And perceived subjective norm affects protection motivation. This result of study fills a gap in the field of DFT research through quantitative research and provides practical evidence that helps to capture the needs of DFT tourists and provides suggestions for the construction of DFT environments.
Organic matter accumulation drives methylotrophic methanogenesis and microbial ecology in a hypersaline coastal lagoon
Authors: Keneally Christopher , Southgate Matilda , Chilton Daniel , Gaget Virginie , Welsh David T. , Mosley Luke , Erler Dirk V. , Kidd Stephen P. , Brookes Justin
Published: July 2024

Hypersalinity is common in coastal wetlands throughout warm, tropical, and arid regions. Climate‐induced changes in rainfall, sea level, and anthropogenic modification to basins and coastlines are likely to further increase salinization in these ecosystems. Yet, carbon cycling in hypersaline coastal wetlands is not well understood, and poorly constrained in climate models. In the Coorong, a eutrophic, hypersaline coastal lagoon, recognized as internationally important under the Ramsar convention, organic matter rapidly accumulates in deeper areas of the lagoon, through the settling of fine detrital particles, phytoplankton and suspended sediments. During initial surveys, elevated surface water methane (CH4) concentrations were observed above these fine depositional sediments. To identify the drivers of CH4 production, organic matter and sediment characteristics were assessed in surface sediments. Genetic markers (i.e., 16rDNA and the mcrA functional gene) were used to characterize microbial communities. With multiple lines of evidence, this study identifies organic matter, methanogen abundance, and salinity as important drivers of CH4 production, which is concentrated in depositional zones. Archaea were also more abundant in depositional zones, including methylotrophic methanogens: Methanofastidiosales, Methanomasiliicoccales, Methermicoccaceae, and Methanococcoides. These methanogens were highly correlated to CH4 in porewater, suggesting an influence of methylotrophic methanogenesis. To investigate further, metabolic genes were predicted from 16S rRNA with PICRUSt2. This represents the first effort to analyze CH4 dynamics in the Coorong, underscoring the need to integrate these unique ecosystems into global climate models to enhance our understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics and emissions in a changing climate.
Poly(Butylene Succinate) Copolyesters Modified with Linear‐Chain Diols toward Adjustable Thermal, Mechanical, and Biodegradable Properties
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yu Jiahao , Yu Chunhui , Zhang Chunlei , Wei Chao , Xiao Yan
Published: July 2024

The production and application of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) still face challenges such as high production costs, insufficient toughness, and slow biodegradation. This study utilizes the ring‐opening condensation polymerization method to prepare PBS copolyesters using succinic anhydride (SAA) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) as raw materials, with 20 moL% different lengths of linear‐chain diols as third monomers (carbon numbers are 3, 5, 6, 8, 9,10, and 12). Both PBS and its copolyesters exhibit high weight average molecular weights (18.8 × 104–26.1 × 104 g moL−1), much higher than those obtained through the traditional conventional direct esterification method. Incorporating the third monomer reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallinity, and melting point (Tm) of the copolyesters. As the chain length of the third monomer increases, the copolyesters show improved toughness, with the elongation at break and notch impact strength of poly(butylene succinate‐ran‐dodecylene succinate) (P(BS‐ran‐DoS)) increasing from 374.1% and 5.6 KJ m−2 of PBS to 723.2% and 64.8 KJ m−2, respectively. The degradation rate of the copolyesters modified with short‐chain diols increases significantly, and as the chain length of the third monomer increases, the degradation rate of the copolyesters slows down. Therefore, the selection of the third monomer can be used to adjust the properties of the polymer.
Navigating intellectual property challenges in China: Insights from RCEP and domestic factors
Authors: Wu Zhixiao , Qin Qian
Published: July 2024

In a high‐quality economic era, China needs innovative development. Intellectual property (IP) innovation and development are the first driving forces in China. At the same time, China has signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement (RCEP), which has had a significant impact on the development of China's IP law. Under the combination of these two factors, China's IP innovation and development environment are worth studying. This paper uses the “factor analysis method” from five dimensions, including initiatives for civic awareness, regional IP development foundation, legislative support, law enforcement measures, and judicial protection, to study the development environment of IP innovation in 31 provincial regions in China, in the past 3 years. It is found that IP development in various regions of China is insufficient in some way, and the scores of different provinces vary greatly, so it will inevitably affect the development of China's IP integrally and then affect the construction process of strong provinces and cities with intellectual property rights (IPR). The novelty of this research is its in‐depth investigation into how the RCEP and global partnerships are influencing the transformation of China's intellectual property landscape. This transformation requires legal adjustments and underscores the importance of specialized IP judge training, alignment with international norms, and regional IP progress to realize China's ambition of becoming a dominant force in intellectual property. Combined with the fact that RCEP has come into effect in China and has had a significant impact, it is necessary to develop China's IP undertaking from legislative, judicial, law enforcement, and international cooperation aspects.
Cordyceps sinensis ameliorates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting mitochondrion‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhou Lirun , Cheng Guangqing , Zhou Yanyan , Guo Qiuyan , Wu Jiangpeng , Wong Yin K. , Zhang Junzhe , Tang Huan , Wang Jigang
Published: July 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a chronic interstitial lung disease with an unclear underlying mechanism and currently lacks a definitive treatment. Cordyceps sinensis (CS), renowned for its pharmacological properties in traditional Chinese medicine and extensive use in lung disease treatment, holds promise as a therapeutic agent for IPF. However, the specific role of CS in treating IPF remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of CS in treating IPF and unravel potential underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that CS treatment effectively mitigated pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition in bleomycin‐induced IPF mice. Proteomics analysis revealed that the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may serve as a potential protective mechanism of CS against IPF in mice. Further investigation unveiled that CS could suppress the excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in lung tissues induced by bleomycin through moderating the expression and activity of mitochondrial complexes, thus safeguarding the integrity and function of mitochondria. Overall, our findings not only underscore the effectiveness of CS in preventing bleomycin‐induced IPF but also highlight mitochondrial‐mediated oxidative stress as a promising therapeutic target for treating IPF.
HPClas: A data‐driven approach for identifying halophilic proteins based on catBoost
Authors: Hu Shantong , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhikang , Jiang Menghan , Wang Shihui , Wang Wenya , Song Jiangning , Zhang Guimin
Published: July 2024

Halophilic proteins possess unique structural properties and show high stability under extreme conditions. This distinct characteristic makes them invaluable for application in various aspects such as bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, environmental clean‐up, and energy production. Generally, halophilic proteins are discovered and characterized through labor‐intensive and time‐consuming wet lab experiments. In this study, we introduce the Halophilic Protein Classifier (HPClas), a machine learning‐based classifier developed using the catBoost ensemble learning technique to identify halophilic proteins. Extensive in silico calculations were conducted on a large public dataset of 12,574 samples and HPClas achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.844 on an independent test set of 200 samples. The source code and curated dataset of HPClas are publicly available at https://github.com/Showmake2/HPClas. In conclusion, HPClas can be explored as a promising tool to aid in the identification of halophilic proteins and accelerate their application in different fields.
Strict glucose control and elimination of NLRP3‐induced inflammation prevents diabetic bladder dysfunction in the female Akita mouse model
Authors: Hughes Francis M. , Harper Shelby N. , Jin Huixia , Odom Michael R. , Purves J. Todd
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is the most common diabetic complication. Logically, regulation of blood glucose should reverse dysfunction, but the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study found strict control ineffective. However, it is possible that strict control may prevent DBD if initiated before symptoms appear. We examine the effect of early glucose control on development of DBD in the female diabetic Akita mouse (Type 1) and test the potential of inhibiting/deleting NLRP3 as adjunct therapy to glucose control.

Materials and Methods

Female Akita mice were bred NLRP3+/+ or NLRP3−/−. At 6 weeks of age, diabetics received either no glucose control or insulin pellets (s.c., Linshin) designed to poorly or strictly control blood glucose. At Week 15, blood glucose (glucometer), the extravasation potential of bladder (an indirect measurement of inflammation) and bladder function (urodynamics) were assessed.

Results

Blood glucose of diabetics was reduced in poorly controlled and strongly reduced in strictly controlled groups. Levels were not affected by deletion of NLRP3. Evans blue dye extravasation correlated with glucose control and was eliminated in the NLRP3−/− groups. Urodynamics found markers of overactivity in diabetics which was improved in the poorly controlled group and eliminated in the strictly controlled group. In the NLRP3−/− mice, no bladder dysfunction developed, regardless of glucose control.

Conclusions

Early‐initiated strict glycemic control and NLRP3 elimination can effectively prevent DBD, suggesting hyperglycemia acts through NLRP3‐induced inflammation to trigger DBD.
Switching from intermittent catheterization with single‐use catheter to a reusable catheter has a negative impact on quality of life
Authors: Schnipper Julie , Azawi Nessn , Størling Zenia , Simonsen Kenneth Starup , Andersen Karin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

It has been proposed that reusable catheters are more cost effective and environmentally sustainable than single‐use catheters intended for intermittent catheterization (IC). However, the aspect of individuals' well‐being and preference for catheter type is not considered. In this study, we investigated the impact on individuals' health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) when testing a reusable catheter.

Materials and Methods

The study was an open‐labeled, single‐arm, multicenter investigation with a treatment period of 28 days. Forty subjects using single‐use hydrophilic catheters were accustomed to a reusable catheter for managing IC. HR‐QoL was evaluated by the Intermittent‐Self Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q). Additionally, satisfaction was evaluated by the Intermittent Catheterization Satisfaction Questionnaire (InCaSa‐Q). The difference in total score was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Furthermore, preference for IC (single‐use vs. reusable) was assessed and microbial evaluation of the catheters was performed.

Results

The total ISC‐Q score measuring HR‐QoL decreased significantly by 28% (p < 0.001). Two of the four subdomains (ease‐of‐use and discreetness) also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). The total InCaSa‐score and all four subdomains evaluating satisfaction decreased significantly (p < 0.005). The primary study results were supported by the fact that 90.9% of subjects preferred to use a single‐use catheter for IC. Furthermore, 50% of reusable catheters were contaminated with bacteria.

Conclusion

Switching from single‐use to reusable IC resulted in a significant decrease in HR‐QoL and satisfaction. Moreover, the vast majority preferred the single‐use catheter due to handling and convenience. The users' rights to their preferred bladder management method should be acknowledged.
Exploring career choices of specialist nurse students: Their decision‐making motives. A qualitative study
Authors: Tiliander Annika , Olsson Caroline , Kalèn Susanne , Ponzer Sari , Fagerdahl Ami
Published: July 2024

Aims

To explore Registered Nurses' motives to undergo specialist training and to choose a particular speciality.

Design

A descriptive qualitative interview study.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted during 2021 with 20 Swedish specialist nurse students from different specialisation areas. Qualitative content analysis was used. The COREQ checklist was used to report the study.

Results

Specialist nurse students' motivations for further training were divided into three main categories with two sub‐categories each. The main categories were ‘toward new challenges and conditions in work life’, ‘contributions to the development and higher competencies in health care’ and ‘personal work and life experiences as ground for choice’.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the importance of motivating factors in the career choices of Specialist nurse students, such as personal challenges, desirable working conditions, career growth opportunities and personal experiences in the career choices. Creating a supportive work environment that helps to prioritise work‐life balance and offers the development of new skills might help retain nurses.

No Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was used. However, if more nurses would choose to undergo specialist training, especially in areas facing significant shortages, it would most likely lead to improved health‐related outcomes for patients or populations.
Positive changes in the mechanical and optical properties of the floor epoxy reinforced with green graphene
Authors: Samanta Moumita , Verma Anu , Singh Himanshu , Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Rupam , Das Bidus Kanti , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Bhattacharya Jayanta
Published: July 2024

Silica‐rich Green Graphene® (GG) derived from agricultural residue is incorporated into a floor epoxy (FEP) matrix. The inclusion of GG particles within the FEP matrix has demonstrated a significant positive impact, resulting in improved optical and mechanical properties and increased durability of the floor coatings. The addition of GG into the original FEP reduces surface pores, with the glazier appearance of the composite coating attributed to a smooth surface enhancing light reflection. It is noteworthy that the FEP exhibits a high coefficient of friction (CoF), thereby constraining its potential in tribo‐logical applications. Nano‐indentation and tribo‐logical tests confirm that, incorporation of the 0.5 wt% GG in the FEP matrix results in a 130.15% improvement in hardness, a 10.45% decrease of nano‐scratch depth, a 34.55% decrease in wear rate, and a 33.33% decrease in CoF w.r.t pristine FEP sample. Tensile testing reveals a significant 37% enhancement in fracture strain, along with improvements of 12.3% in specific flexural strength and 43% in energy absorption. The utilization of GG derived from green processes, such as pyrolysis of residual agro‐biomass, presents an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional polluting as well as nonrenewable materials employed in epoxy‐based floor coatings.

Highlights

Green graphene/floor epoxy (GG/FEP) composites present a glazier appearance attributed to a smooth surface enhancing light reflection.

GG particles enhance the hardness and tribo‐logical performance of the composite.

GG/FEP composites show a synergistic enhancement in flexural strength.

GG presents a sustainable and economically viable material for the epoxy‐based flooring industry.
Stiffness prediction method and load sharing mechanism of hybrid interference‐fit bolted‐bonded composite joint
Authors: Zou Peng , Yang Junchao , Chen Xiangming
Published: July 2024

Hybrid interference‐fit bolted‐bonded (HIBB) composite joint has a wide application prospect in improving bearing capacity of the hybrid structure. In order to deeply understand its load sharing mechanism, an analytical stiffness prediction model of HIBB composite joint was established, considering the influence of interference‐fit percentage, preload, friction coefficient, adhesive property, material performance, secondary bending moment and other parameters. Corresponding experiments were carried out to determine the experimental secondary bending moment coefficient, and the accuracy of the model was further verified. Research on HIBB composite joint shows that the hybrid form increases the adhesive failure displacement but has no effect on failure load. Before adhesive failure occurs, bolted joint stiffness is small and bolt load will increase suddenly to bear the load loss caused by the adhesive failure. It is further found that load‐sharing ratio of the bolt and total load of the structure increase with the increase of interference when adhesive failure occurs. Preload and friction coefficient have limited influence on total load of the structure at this moment, but have great influence on the bearing capacity of pure bolted structure after adhesive failure. The adhesive properties have great influence on the bearing capacity of bonded joint. Low modulus high strength adhesive can improve the load‐sharing ratio of bolt and enhance the bearing capacity by reducing the overall stiffness of the structure. Bearing mechanism of the two joint forms in the hybrid one was fully revealed, which provides a theoretical method for the application of HIBB composite joint.

Highlights

An analytical stiffness prediction model of HIBB composite joint was established to deeply understand its load sharing mechanism.

Load sharing mechanism analysis and parametric research for the two joint forms were carried out and influences on stiffness were obtained.

Low modulus high strength adhesive can improve the load‐sharing ratio of bolt by reducing the overall structure stiffness.

Bearing mechanism of the two joint forms in the hybrid one was revealed.
Effect of layer design on the structural strength of 70 MPa Type IV hydrogen storage vessels
Authors: Guo Wei , Han Canfei , Zhao Feng , Zhao Jialong , Feng Tao , Liu Lian , Huang Huayao
Published: July 2024

In this study, under the conformity of engineering reality, considering the influence of slip coefficient on the variation range of winding angle, 15 composite lay‐up schemes of hydrogen storage vessels were designed using grid theory, and the hydrogen storage vessels's structural strength was analyzed. The distribution of non‐geodesic fiber windings on the outer surface of the inner layer was solved using differential theory and the winding principle, and ABAQUS established the finite element model. The maximum stress value and stress distribution of the composite layer of the hydrogen storage vessel along the fiber direction were studied, the damage of the composite layer was analyzed, and the pressure and mode of the bursting were predicted. Results show that the structural strength of the hydrogen storage vessel designed by this method can be effectively guaranteed. The hoop winding layer bears the majority of the stress on the hydrogen storage vessel, while the helical winding layer's fiber strength is not entirely utilized. The hydrogen storage vessel gains greater structural strength when the circumferential winding layer is concentrated and situated at the outermost portion of the composite layer. The layup scheme has an impact of approximately 17.21% on burst pressure.

Highlights

Effect of slip coefficient on the change of winding angle.

Different forms of composite lay‐up schemes were designed.

The stress distribution in the composite layer was studied.

Analyzed structural strength and damage of the composite layer.

Predicted the pressure and mode of bursting.
Thermoplastic bicomponent‐fibers for organosheets via inline polymerization
Authors: Senneka Lea , Haag Markus , Lüking Alexander , Wedegärtner David , Gries Thomas , Strube Oliver I.
Published: July 2024

State‐of‐the‐art organosheets suffer from several shortcomings that limit their applicability in high‐performance materials, mainly due to the imperfect combination of glass fibers and polymer. To overcome these issues, a novel hybrid fiber is presented, in which every single filament consists of a glass core and an individual, thin, thermoplastic polymer coating. Those fibers can immediately be consolidated into organosheets, without the necessity of the critical combination step. Production is realized by an ultra‐rapid inline coating of the filaments, incorporated into a standard spinning system. This solvent‐free process is realized by coating of the fibers with a tailor‐made, monomeric precursor solution, which is radiation‐polymerized immediately after application. Within fractions of a second, the coating layer is thus solidified, before coiling of the hybrid fiber. Due to the very low thickness of the coating and specific formulation of the precursor, tackless layers can be achieved before the coiling, even at industrial spinning speeds.

Highlights

Glass fibers are coated with a thermoplast via in situ polymerization.

A precursor is developed which polymerizes in 100 ms.

Glass fibers are coated completely with thermoplast by using a UV tunnel.

Spinning velocities of about 600 m/min can be achieved.

Hybrid fibers are consolidated into glass fiber‐reinforced plastics (GFRP).
Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of sandwiched acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/glass fibers composites: Machine learning approach to model tensile stress
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Kumar Raman , Kumar Ranvijay
Published: July 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM), also recognized as 3D printing, has gained significant attention in various industries for its potential to revolutionize production processes. One critical aspect of AM is ensuring the quality and performance of printed parts, particularly concerning mechanical properties like tensile stress. In the present work, the effect of process variables on 3D‐printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/Glass fiber composite materials was explored. The machine learning approach, classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm, was used to predict tensile stress in ABS/Glass fiber composite materials based on predictor variables such as layer thickness, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and infill density. The objective is to develop an accurate and interpretable model that captures the relationships between these variables and tensile stress. The model is evaluated using performance metrics such as R‐squared, mean absolute deviation (MAD), and root mean squared error (RMSE) on both training and test datasets. From results the highest tensile stress of 39 MPa was achieved at nozzle temperature of 250°C, bed temperature of 80°C and infill density at 60%. The CART model predicts the most influencing parameter as infill density followed by nozzle temperature and bed temperature.

Highlights

Novel material is manufactured by sandwiching glass fiber in ABS layers.

FDM process for novel material is optimized based upon process parameters.

SEM analysis reported good interlayer adhesion with few micro‐porosities.

Modeling of tensile stress by classification and regression tree algorithm.

CART model predicts significant impact of infill density on tensile stress.
An atom economy polyamide elastomer derived from polyether amine‐based bis‐acrylamide and dithiol monomer and synthesized by thiol‐Michael addition click reaction
Authors: Zhu Jun , Zhu Shi‐hu , Sun Ai‐ling , Chang Chun , Wei Liu‐he , Li Yu‐han
Published: July 2024

Traditional polyamide elastomer synthesis via polycondensation of diamines and dicarboxylic acids involves high energy use and by‐product mass loss. Here, we present a novel method using thiol‐Michael addition click chemistry to produce these elastomers under mild conditions, marking the first use of this strategy. The polymerization involves coupling bis‐acrylamide (BAA) with 3,6‐dioxa‐1,8‐octanedithiol (DODT), catalyzed by 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (DBN). BAA is synthesized from polyetheramine and acryloyl chloride, creating a compound with amide groups and carbon double bonds at chain ends. These double bonds' electron‐withdrawing effect facilitates the click reaction efficiently, avoiding high energy and mass loss. The resulting polymers have a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 g/mol, verified by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, which show amide group presence. SAXS and AFM confirm nanophase separation of these groups. Tensile strength ranges from 0.235 to 0.542 MPa, decreasing with lower polyetheramine content but still showing notable elasticity. This method's low energy use, no mass loss, and good mechanical properties make it promising for developing high‐performance polyamide plastics and elastomers, appealing to researchers in both academia and industry.

Highlights

High elasticity, softness, and high tensile polyamide elastomer.

Thiol‐Michael addition click reaction conforms to atomic economy.

Long molecular chain contains extraordinary evolution of hydrogen bonding.
A novel approach to managing facility airborne diseases: suppressing air pathogens with smoke aerosols generated from fungicide phase transition
Authors: Gao Haojie , Liu Fengqi , Han Chong , Liu Xiaochi , Zhou Li , Zhang Jingzhi , Wang Ranran , Zou Nan , Zhang Daxia , Mu Wei , Zhang Yaozhong , Liu Feng
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Environmental microorganisms are major contributors to the development and spread of disease. Chemical disinfection can inhibit pathogens and play a preventive role against diseases. In agriculture, prolonging the floating time of chemical pesticides in the air has a positive effect on the control of airborne diseases. However, the interaction of chemical pesticides with airborne pathogens is not yet known.

RESULTS

Here, triazole fungicide was transformed into stable smoke aerosols in order to assess the feasibility of employing phase transition release pesticides for air disinfection. The phase transition had a minimal impact on hexaconazole (Hexa) and myclobutanil (Mycl), with their smoke formation rates remaining consistently >90%. In microscopic morphology, triadimenol (Tria) and epoxiconazole (Epox) are solid, and tebuconazole (Tebu), Hexa, Mycl and difenoconazole (Dife) are liquid. Liquid smoke has advantages over solid smoke in the inhibition of environmental pathogens. The floatability and spatial distribution of fungicide aerosol were optimized by the combination of smoke particles with different properties, so that the fungicide aerosol could meet the conditions of practical application. In practical applications, smoke exhibits a gentler deposition process at the target interface compared to spray, along with a more homogeneous distribution of fungicides. Moreover, fungicide smoke demonstrates superior control efficacy and leaves behind lower residual amounts on fruit.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the implementation of fungicide phase transition as a smoke aerosol offers a viable approach to effectively suppress pathogen aerosols and enhance the control of airborne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Temperature Effects on GaN/AlN Heterojunction in a Piezomagnetic and Piezoelectric Semiconductor Composite Fiber
Authors: Zhang QiaoYun , Xu JiaHao , Song ZhiCai , Tan Ning
Published: July 2024

In this article, considering the thermal effects, a PN GaN/AlN heterojunction in a piezomagnetic and piezoelectric semiconductor composite fiber driven by dynamic magnetic loads is studied. The true nonlinear constitutive equations of the electric current density for the composite heterojunction are employed. Thus, a nonlinear finite‐element method (FEM) is adopted to obtain dynamic responses of the composite heterojunction, including the mechanical displacement, electric potential, and electron and hole concentrations. By comparing dynamic responses with those derived by COMSOL Multiphysics, the nonlinear FEM is verified. Based on numerical results, regulation effects of the temperature on distributions of the mechanical displacement, electron and hole concentrations, and temperature–current–voltage characteristics are discussed.
Technology Computer‐Aided Design Model for SiGe Oxidation and Ge Diffusion Along Oxide/SiGe Interfaces
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Zographos Nikolas
Published: July 2024

During the oxidation of SiGe regions, Si is preferably incorporated into the oxide, while Ge atoms accumulate at the SiGe side of the interface. Moreover, during oxidation of fin structures of Si/SiGe superlattices, Ge atoms diffuse from SiGe regions to Si regions along the oxide/SiGe interface, as recently reported. This surface diffusion can be used for the formation of Si nanowires surrounded by SiGe, and possibly for the fabrication of gate all‐around transistors. Herein, a new process simulation model is presented which describes SiGe oxidation and the diffusion of Ge atoms along the interface. During oxidation, Ge atoms can be trapped at the oxide/SiGe interface, diffuse along the interface, and be re‐emitted into the SiGe bulk. The model reproduces measured oxidation rates, the pileup of Ge atoms at the SiGe side of planar oxide/SiGe interfaces, the injection of self‐interstitials and the reduction of vacancies at oxidizing SiGe surfaces, and the recently reported diffusion of Ge atoms along the surface of fin structures made of Si/SiGe superlattices.