bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A History of Sherman County, 1880 to 01/01/1960
Authors:   , Olson Daryl
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to add Sherman County to the list of completed county histories, thus presenting future historians with more evidence with which to prepare a history of the state of Kansas. Since little had previously been written about the county, county records and county newspapers account for the bulk of the materials used in this study. Primary sources include unpublished and published governmental materials, newspapers and interviews. Secondary sources consist of books, periodicals, unpublished master's theses and a few pamphlets. To further portray the story of Sherman County this thesis embraces seven maps, eight tables and twenty-three charts. The area of northwest Kansas, now known as Sherman County, was defined and designated by the Kansas Legislature in 1873, and attained organized status on September 20, 1886. There were no permanent settlers in the county prior to 1880, but by 1886 there were 2, 820, primarily because of the availability of free or inexpensive fertile and productive land. These early settlers faced many hardships, the two most serious being the shortage of water and timber. Many small towns and post-office stations were established, but rapidly disappeared if not fortunate enough to be located along the Rock Island Railroad, which crossed the county in 1888. The only town to really grow and thrive was Goodland, the County seat, although three other towns, Edson, Ruleton and Kanorado still exist. Population growth in the county has been featured by periods of sporadic increases as well as decreases, brought about by droughts, the various depressions and periods of adequate precipitation and prosperity. In 1930, the population of the county reached its peak, 7,400 people, while by 1960 it had declined to 6,682 residents Agriculture has always been the most important industry in Sherman County since it was organized in 1886. Methods of farming and ranching have undergone revolutionary changes throughout the years. Some of the changes that have not been fully utilized as yet are the use of groundwater for irrigation, greater use of fertilizers, use of pesticides and weed killers, and the planting of improved varieties of seed and the raising of purebred animals. Governmental agencies, federal, state and local, have played an important part in the growth and development of roads, schools, social welfare, and other aids and developments which have had an impact, on the life of every resident of Sherman County. Cultural and educational pursuits are also an important part of the lives of the people in the county. Many organizations, clubs, churches and individuals have encouraged and abetted the improvement of cultural attainments. Banks, utility companies and other commercial institutions have contributed much to raise the standard of living within Sherman County. Historically, Sherman County is not unique. Its history is the story of hard-working, rural-area people dedicated to improving their environment and their living conditions.
Small Mammals of a Dry-Land Cropland in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Valek Shirley
Published: February 2023

Small mammal populations in cropland in Ellis County, Kansas, were studied throughout the three year dry-land farming rotation of winter wheat, grain sorghum, and summer fallow commonly practiced in that area. Small mammal populations in the cropland were compared with those in a nearby, relict mixed-grass prairie. Seven species of small mammals were captured in the cropland, but only P. maniculatus was resident year-round; the population of P. maniculatus in the cropland was stable and was larger than that in the relict area. Small mammal populations were compared among four crop phases--wheat stubble, grain sorghum, sorghum stubble, and wheat-- and were found to be similar in diversity of mammals and almost identical in species composition and relative abundance. In only two instances did farming practices seem to influence the sizes of populations present: the grain sorghum and sorghum stubble phases might have been less stable than the other phases as shown by a higher turnover rate of mammals in those phases. Relatively few ecological studies of small mammals have dealt with croplands as habitat, and most of those have focused on the effects of the small mammals on crops and the best methods to control those responsible for crop damage (see Fleharty and Navo, 1983, and Navo and Fleharty, 1983, for literature summary). However, Fleharty and Navo (1983) asserted that questions about the effect of the cropland on small mammal populations are equally important. Do certain crops proscribe particular species of small mammals? Do particular species prefer one crop over another? Do certain farming practices favor some species or affect all in the same manner? Is colonization of a cropland dependent on the availability of a reservoir of species that are generalists, or can more specialized species establish populations? In west-central Kansas, a common regimen of dry land farming is to plant winter wheat in autumn, harvest it the next summer, plant grain sorghum the following spring, and harvest that in the autumn. The field then is left fallow through the following spring and summer and again is planted to winter wheat in autumn, thus completing a three- year rotation. Navo and Fleharty (1983) simultaneously trapped animals in a wheat field and a grain sorghum field for approximately 1 year and compared the results to a nearby, ungrazed grassland. No trapping was done for any length of time when the fields lay fallow in either wheat or sorghum stubble. The purpose of this study was to trap small mammals from a cropland as it progressed through the three-year rotation of wheat, grain sorghum, and stubble phases to estimate (1) which species of small mammal utilize the site, (2) the relative sizes and demographic structure of populations present, and (3) the effects that change in crop phase and agricultural perturbations have on the species that utilize the site.
Predictors of Decisions About Treatment Disposition : A Multivariate Analysis
Authors:   , Howe Michelle
Published: February 2023

Most studies of predictors of treatment disposition have involved only two alternative dispositions, e.g., hospitalization vs. non-hospitalization (Rabinowitz et al., 1995). The first problem of this thesis was to study predictors of decisions about treatment disposition with reference to a broader range of dispositions that included outpatient psychiatric medication evaluation, outpatient counseling /psychotherapy, and psychiatric day treatment, as well as inpatient hospitalization. The second problem of this thesis examined the contribution that individual assessors play in determining treatment decisions. This thesis was an archival study using coded data based on assessment of persons seeking emergency room services at a hospital whose psychiatric unit was operated by Menninger Services of Kansas City. The sample consisted of all persons (N = 605) referred to this psychiatric unit during the period extending from January 1997 through December 1998. Each person was seen by one assessor: the assessments were conducted by 33 different assessors. Confidentiality of the assessment data was assured by coding so that no names or other identifying characteristics could be associated with the data. Several assessor x disposition chi-square analyses uniformly indicated that individual assessors were a factor in contributing to recommendations about treatment dispositions. Further results involved multivariate analyses of three different regression models with the same predictors but different recommended dispositions or combinations of dispositions. Findings from those analyses clearly indicated that whether or not a variable is a predictor of a recommended disposition depended in part on which dispositions (models) were examined. These results suggest that further research on predictors of treatment dispositions would do well to study this problem with reference to a broad range of dispositions. It appears that such studies would result in a more accurate picture of factors that are actually involved in complex decisions about treatment.
Influence of Soil Moisture Stress on Total Available Sugars of Three Prairie Grasses at Various States of Development
Authors:   , Donart Gary
Published: February 2023

A study was made to determine the effects of two soil moisture levels, field capacity and the permanent wilting percentage, on the total sugar content of the foliage of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii), and big bluestem (Andropogaon gerardi). Polyethylene watering devices were constructed to aid in maintaining a soil moisture level approximately equal to the permanent wilting percentage. A fairly adequate water distribution was established. Chemical analyses were run by a colorimetric procedure and the data were then subjected to statistical analysis. Permanent wilting conditions had no significant effect on reducing sugars, but non-reducing and total sugars were significantly increased with decreased moisture. Stage of growth, however, produced a significant effect only on reducing sugars. The interaction of moisture on the stage of development also showed highly significant effects on the percentage of all sugar compounds. Effects of growth stage on the sugar content of the grass species was highly significant for reducing and total sugars, and significant at the five per cent level of probably for non-reducing sugars. Data concerning the second order interaction of species, growth stage, and moisture condition on sugar content are presented and discussed. Results obtained indicate reducing sugars play no significant role in regard to drought conditions for the grass species studied. A suggested trend of sugar stability at later growth stages was also found.
Knowledge and Perceptions of a University Counseling Center
Authors:   , Curry Lisa
Published: February 2023

To best meet student needs, university counseling centers must be aware of gradual changes within the campus population and how needs change across time. A needs assessment can help match services to student needs. The university counseling center at F.H.S.U., the Kelly Center, has not conducted a needs assessment of its services since expanding the nature of services in 1991. The present study examined how services at the Kelly Center are perceived and measured the level of knowledge students/faculty have of those services. 54 faculty members and 672 students at F.H.S.U. completed surveys during the last two weeks of spring 1995 classes. The following hypotheses were supported by this study: (1) Faculty have greater knowledge than students of the services provided by the Kelly Center; (2) Students who have previously used Kelly Center services have greater knowledge of the services offered; and (3) Faculty rated personal counseling and psychological services higher in importance than did students.
Expectancy of Therapeutic Gain Using Systematic Desensitization with Public Speaking Anxiety
Authors:   , Hemme Robert
Published: February 2023

This study investigated whether instructions regarding expectancy of therapeutic gain would significantly reduce public speaking anxiety. Seven Ss who exhibited a fear of speaking before a large group of people were assigned to a group that received massed group systematic desensitization plus instructions designed to create a high expectancy of improvement. Eleven other Ss were assigned to a group that received massed group systematic desensitization without any instructions regarding the benefits that will be attained from the treatment. Groups of Ss were seen for approximately 45 minutes each day for 8 consecutive days. Self-report, independent observer, and physiological measures were used to assess the degree of public speaking anxiety. Each was required to give a pre- and post-treatment extemporaneous speech to determine whether a reduction of public speaking fear was obtained. The results indicated evidence for a small expectancy effect.
Distribution and Phenology of Vegetation in Pool 3, Cheyenne Bottoms Waterfowl Management Area
Authors:   , Hastings Donald
Published: February 2023

Vegetation of Pool 3, Cheyenne Bottoms Waterfowl Management Area, was studied from March 15 to September 15, 1969. The objectives of the study were (1) to describe the vegetation in delineated plant communities, (2) to compile a species list for the study area and (3) to determine the phenology of the most prevalent species. Five distinct plant communities were delineated; Distichlis-Eleocharis, Leptochloa, Leptochloa-Scirpus, Scirpus and Typha. One hundred twenty nine species, including 35 species not recorded before in the area, were listed. The therophytic life form was dominant, comprising 54.3% of the observed species. Phenology data were collected for 65 species. High soil moisture content was apparently one factor responsible for the earlier development of Rumex crispus, R. altissimus, Eleocharis palustris and Sciryus paludosus on some sites. Atriplex argentea had the longest life cycle of any observed species, nineteen weeks from initial vegetation to seed dispersal.
Further Investigation of the Mini-Mult on an Intensive Care Short-Term Psychiatric Unit
Authors:   , Pfannenstiel Terry
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to establish the validity of the Mini-Mult for the use with the population of psychiatric patients seen at the High Plains Comprehensive Community Mental Health Center. A group of 75 psychiatric patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care psychiatric inpatient unit were administered both the MMPI and Mini-Mult (MMPI short form). Group correspondence was relatively good, with correlations for both males and females being significant at least the .05 level on all scales. Student's t-tests showed significant differences for scales F and Pd for females and scales F, D, Hy, Pa, and Ma for males. The predictive utility of the Mini-Mult for making specific individual patient decisions based on MMPI data was not well supported. The results indicated that the Mini-Mult should not be used to replace the MMPI. It is felt, however, that the Mini-Mult can be used with caution as a screening device for general patient problem areas where the MMPI is not feasible.
A Measure of Assertiveness by Males and Females in Same Sex and Mixed Sex Interactions
Authors:   , Wieland Jill
Published: February 2023

A review of the literature on sex related data employing a variety of measures of assertion indicated that males exhibit greater levels of assertive behavior s than females. The effect of the sex of the confederate upon the assertiveness of the subject was investigated using raters scoring the subjects on five rating scales. The data indicated that males were more assertive than females and that the sex of the confederate did not have a significant effect upon the subject's assertiveness. The implication of the need for assertive training for women and the composition of the training groups is discussed.
A Study of Population Growth and the First Six-Year National Economic Development Plan for Thailand
Authors:   , Ruangmethanon Supote
Published: February 2023

Due to the low income and rapid growth of the population, the government realized fully that the economic development of the country could not be safely delayed. Accordingly, Thailand inaugurated the First Six-Year National Economic Development Plan 1961. This study is dedicated to economic analysis and has examined the country's historical economic background as well as present-day economic development. The methods used to carry on the study are divided into six chapters. The first deals with the historical economic and political pattern for gaining some information about impediments to growth in the past. The second is concerned with population -- how the economic development was affected by various levels of population growth. The third to fifth chapters pertain to the analysis of economic performances during the first economic development plan with some recommendations about the direction of the future development of Thailand's economy. The final chapter attempts to examine and evaluate the achievement of the plan. The writer hopes that through this study interested individuals may get some insight into both the historical and present-day economic practices and problems in Thailand.
Extraordinary Ordinary
Authors:   , Thibodeau Nicole
Published: February 2023

Through experimentation, I consistently discover new ways to explore my intuitive, creative self; incorporating imagery through diverse materials including found objects, sculptural elements, ink, and paint. Recurring elements such as spirituality, sacredness, and solitude are continually manifested in my imagery.
Epidermal Patterns of the Leaf Blade in Selected Andropogoneae
Authors:   , Lee Yong
Published: February 2023

Epidermal patterns of the widest portion of the leaf blade of selected members of the Andropogoneae were studied. These included 23 genera and 71 species, some of which were duplicates, making a total of 83 entries. The specimens were collected by Dr. H. C. Reynolds in the Andropogoneae Nursery, a common transplant garden having similar environmental conditions and located at Oklahoma State University at Stillwater, Oklahoma. Spidermal patterns were studied mainly by the peel method, using acetone and cellulose acetate film. These were compared with peridermal sections and some whole cleared mounts which were made by Dr. Reynolds. The leaf epidermal elements, silica cells, bicellular-microhairs, cushion hairs, macro-hairs, swollen hairs, bulbous hairs, papillae, stomata, and long cells were observed on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces, from the leaf margin to mid vein. Also, the arrangement of epidermal elements, silica cells, stomata, and trichomes was examined. These were observed on the abaxial surface (lower surface) more in detail than on the adaxial surface (upper surface). Bicellular-microhairs and silica cells were found to be the most diagnostic characters, and the arrangement of silica cells, trichomes and stomata were also found to be important for classification of species of the Andropogoneae. In the members of the Andropogoneae investigated, it was found that the cushion hairs, swollen hairs, spicules, papillae and stomatal distribution were more variable characters. Epidermal patterns are more important for identification or grasses by vegetative characters than the individual elements.
How Communication Apprehension Influences Radiologic Technology Students' Messages
Authors:   , Orth Denise
Published: February 2023

Health care today is rapidly becoming a patient-focused environment where emphasis is placed on the professional patient relationship. Communication is a significant component in the relationship and establishing a rapport with the patient is vital. To gain insight regarding student communication apprehension, utilization of communication surveys may be sought. This study will identify the influence of communication apprehension on radiologic technology students and interactions with patients. From the selected radiology programs, results proved students experience higher communication apprehension than other health care personnel. Data was gathered to deter mine the effect of experience on student communication apprehension.
An Evaluation And An Interpretation of The Poetry Magazine And Its Influence On The Trend of American Poetry.
Authors:   , Lee Mildred
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to interpret and evaluate the poetry magazine, and to show how it has influenced and is influencing the trend of American poetry.
An Epideictic Rhetorical Analysis of President William Jefferson Clinton's Inaugural Address : \American Renewal.\
Authors:   , Owen Nicholas
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to provide an epideictic rhetorical analysis of President William Jefferson Clinton's Inaugural Address. As a method for analysis, the researcher employed Campbell and Jamieson's (1990) evaluative criteria that identified and constituted five interrelated elements of epideictic rhetoric in the presidential Inaugural Address. The researcher concluded that President Clinton's Inaugural Address: (a) unified the audience and reconstituted its members as the people; (b) rehearsed shared and traditional communal values drawn from a venerated past; (c) enunciated political principles that will govern the new administration; (d) demonstrated that the President appreciated the requirements and limitations of executive office; and, (e) fulfilled the requirements of epideictic discourse. The researcher determined that President William Jefferson Clinton's Inaugural Address represented epideictic communication because: (a) the Address was delivered on a ceremonial occasion; (b) the rhetoric expressed employed the artifices of praise and blame; (c) the speaker focused on the present, yet incorporated the past and the future; and, (d) the President urged contemplation, not action.
Conceptual Frameworks in the Field of Public Relations: A Comparative Study of Russian and United States Perspectives
Authors:   , Tsetsura Ekaterina
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent United States theory of public relations presented in textbooks affected Russian public relations theory analyzed in textbooks. Rhetorical criticism was the methodology used to examine the contents of the chosen textbooks on public relations. Eleven criteria were chosen to analyze the texts including ten major concepts in American theory of public relations. The research was the first attempt ever to identify the dependency between American and Russian theory in public relations and find correlation between theoretical concepts offered by American and Russian scholars. The study showed that American theory had a significant impact on Russian school of public relations. The results of the study were based on the analysis of five American and three Russian textbooks, and therefore, cannot be considered as ultimately right and final. Nevertheless, the review of literature and the study itself showed that a high-level dependency of Russian theory of public relations on American theory existed. The author concluded that the phenomenon of dependency has to be examined in detail in future studies.
The Effect of Past Climatic Fluctuations on Peromyscus Leucopus Distribution in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Stadel Dennis
Published: February 2023

Systematic trapping was conducted along streams in western Kansas, where Peromyscus leucopus had not previously been recorded. Near the Kansas-Colorado border in west central Kansas, tree distribution is restricted to riparian communities and is found only in isolated areas. Ten isolated populations were found where trees around. Perennial springs formed suitable habitat. Peromyscus leucopus were found where tree density increased, under story plants were sparse or absent, light intensity decreased, temperature decreased, and relative humidity increased. During the severe drought of 1931 through 1940 trees were practically exterminated in western Kansas and P. leucopus range was shifted east, leaving isolated populations of P. leucopus where trees survived. There has been increased rainfall in Kansas since 1940 over the mean average of 42 years preceding 1940. This increased precipitation has resulted in trees invading western Kansas and P. leucopus reinvading western Kansas.
Molars from Pleistocene Wood Rats, Neotoma (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors:   , Folwarczny Joseph
Published: February 2023

Populations of fossil wood rats (Neotoma) from four geographically separated sites (Cumberland Cave, Conrad Fissure, Java, and Vallecito Creek: of presumed Irvingtonian age and eight species of extant wood rats were studies to determine interrelationships. Four measurements and three ratios, calculated from the measurements were taken on molars from the four populations. The same measurements were made on eight species of extant wood rats to serve as a reference. Discriminant analyses reveal that isolated molars cannot be used to separate wood rats into subgenera and species. However, successful separation of wood rats into subgenera and species can be achieved by using one side of both the upper and lower tooth rows (a total of six molars). A combination of fourteen variables, such as the length of M1, can be used to separate the extant species, whereas fifteen variables can be used to separate the extant subgenera. Because it is impossible to assign isolated fossil molars to an individual wood rat, hypothetical individuals were made from the fossil material to facilitate comparisons to the extant material. Seventeen variables such as the length of M1, can separate the fossil populations. The use of hypothetical individuals for the fossils was justified from the results obtained from the extant individuals by constructing a control group of hypothetical individuals form those already analyzed. The extant hypothetical individuals were a composite of six different wood rats. Analytical results of the extant hypothetical individuals were found to be in agreement with the results of the true individuals. Analyses show that extant wood rats have a majority of characteristic measurements (9of 14, species; 9 of 14, subgenera) associated with the lower molars, whereas fossil wood rats have the majority of characteristic measurements (10 of 17) associated with the upper molars. Evidence for a generic status for Hodomys and Parahodomys and a subgeneric status for the specimens from Conrad Fissure and Vallecito Creek is demonstrated.
Occupational Sex-Role Stereotyping in Elementary Students
Authors:   , Billings Sheila
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate occupational sex-role stereotyping in elementary school children. The five independent variables were gender, family structure, socioeconomic status of parents, formal education of parents, and grade level. The dependent variable was Occupational Sex-Stereotyping scores. The sample consisted of 164 children from grades 2, 4, and 6. Six null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level using three-way analysis of variance. A total of 21 comparisons plus 21 recurring were made. Of the 21 comparisons made, 5 were main effects and 16 were interactions. One of the 5 main effects was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant main effect was for grade level. The results from the main effect indicated that second graders had significantly higher sex-stereotyping scores than sixth graders. One of the 16 interactions was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant interaction was between gender and socioeconomic status of parents. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (1) Second graders have more sex-stereotyping than sixth graders, (2) Family structure is not associated with sex-role occupational stereotyping, (3) Level of parent education is not associated with sex-role occupational stereotyping (4) Girls from low socioeconomic status parents had numerically greater sex-stereotyping than girls from high socioeconomic status parents, and (5) Boys from low socioeconomic status parents had numerically less sex-stereotyping than those from high socioeconomic status parents.
A Study of Carl Sandburg's Poetry : His Early Impressionism and Later Folklorism
Authors:   , Akasofu Tetsuji
Published: February 2023

In the earlier twentieth century the tumult of industrial America was vividly expressed through Sandburg’s imagistic technique and his use of American slang. But he was not successful enough in bringing his poetic imagery into focus amid the chaos of newly developing America. Almost all his early poems were colored by a pessimistic tone, and his technique showed its greatest effect in short, melancholy lyrics. His early poetic manner is based on a sensuous response to the mechanism of modern society, a response which is defined as impressionism in this thesis. But later, in an attempt to overcome his pessimism, Sandburg searched for a new image of the American people and their native ground in the folk tradition. In spite of this search of “folklorism” his poetic focus became even more vague amid the heterogeneous American folk materials. All he could find was dim shadows or silhouettes of the people who built a new county on the prairie through their inexpressible hardships. Moreover, the skeptical tone never disappeared from his poetry, even in his affirmative attempt in The People, Yes. In this sense, his early impressionism and later folklorism are firmly connected with each other. His main weakness lies in his insistence upon a so-called Americanism separated from the long historical tradition of European civilization. Despite this unsatisfactory result, however, his efforts to keep poetry close to the American scene, land, and people must be evaluated highly in sharp contrast with the aesthetic poets who turned away from the people in order to devote themselves to the technical refinement of their poetry. Although nowadays America has to a great extent passed out of the turmoil in which Sandburg had nourished his poetic faculty, one cannot reject him as a poet of the past. His efforts are suggestive at least of one phase of American civilization, which had been founded on the heterogeneous elements of European tradition, and eventually of the homogeneity which America has been attempting to achieve.
Movement and Rhythm in Sculptural Form
Authors:   , Brenner Jean
Published: February 2023

It is the work of the sculptor to remind or suggest, but seldom describe in detail; follow nature but never imitate it; to see the beauty of life and have the intuition and skill to pin it down in visual terms.
Computer-Assisted Intervention and Career Maturity in High School Students
Authors:   , Reed Heather
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effect of computer assisted career planning systems on the career maturity of students. The subjects were 83 randomly selected high school sophomores, juniors and seniors. Three levels of implementation (assisted, self-directed and control) were used. All students completed the posttest Crites' Career Maturity Inventory Attitude Scale and Student Information Form. Comparisons of career maturity scores according to race, gender, G.P.A., delivery, grade classification and grade classification with chronological age as a covariate measure were employed. Three null hypotheses and four composite null hypotheses were tested. Nineteen comparisons were made and one found to be significant at the .05 level. The significant comparison was for the main effect race. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Participating and not participating in DISCOVER was not associated with career maturity. 2. Asians had lower career maturity than Hispanics and Anglos. 3. Gender was not associated with career maturity. 4. Grade level was not associated with career maturity. 5. Type of delivery was not associated with career maturity.
Some Effects of Wildfire on Adjacent Grazed and Ungrazed Western Kansas Mixed Prairie
Authors:   , Harris William
Published: February 2023

A study of burned and unburned portions of grazed and ungrazed mixed prairie revealed a significant (p<.01) reduction in standing crop of grass on the ungrazed treatments whereas the reduction on the grazed treatments was not significant. Comparison of soil moisture on all treatments did not detect appreciable differences thus suggesting that the damaging effect of this wildfire was largely a function of the amount of fuel present at the time of the burn.
Education in an Age of Globalization : A Study of the Relationship Between Interaction and Satisfaction in the Fhsu/Sias Joint Distance Education Program
Authors:   , Jiangbo Huangfu
Published: February 2023

Distance education has grown rapidly in the United States, reflected by more students and increased numbers of institutions offering distance learning. Studies on distance education primarily focus on domestic distance education in the United States. With economic globalization, distance education in the US is spreading beyond the nation's boundary. Fort Hays State University (FHSU) in the United States and SIAS University in China have cooperated with each other to issue American bachelor's degrees in China since 2000. Ten courses are offered by FHSU to SIAS students. Two of them are taught face-to-face by FHSU instructors. The other eight are offered through the Virtual College al FHSU. Instruction in the eight distance courses is realized by FHSU instructors' distance teaching, with a SIAS cooperative American teacher's assistance, via videotapes or DVD, CD-ROM, and Web. The unique feature of this joint education program is the combination of FHSU instructors' teaching and SIAS cooperative American teachers' assistance or instruction. Therefore, SIAS student interaction with FHSU instructors and with SIAS cooperative teachers is an interesting area of research. From a theoretical perspective, Michael Moore (1989), a scholar in distance education, developed the theoretical analysis of instruction, which classified three essential elements in distance education: learner-to-instructor, learner-to-learner, and learner to content interaction. Based on Moore's theoretical analysis of interaction, with consideration of interaction features of the FHSU/SIAS program, this paper examines SIAS students' expected and reported interaction with FHSU instructors, SIAS cooperative teachers, SIAS classmates, and learning content. Moreover, correlations between each of the four types of interaction and student overall satisfaction was also explored. The study found that students' reported experience basically met their expectations, and there are significant correlations between student satisfaction and each of the four types of interaction.
Artistic Figuration
Authors:   , Jones Michael
Published: February 2023

The most interesting form that nature has produced over the millennia is the human form which is capable of vast ranges of movement and expression. However, each human form is on this earthly plane for only a short time, which has inspired the minds of artists from all ages to capture these images. In search for artistic development within my images, I have turned to the female form as a design element. By working with the form, I am able to explore the full range of the human figure and its aesthetic expression. Along with expression is projected each personality of the model. I try to show the secret side of the human conditions of our time. To achieve the desired affects for each vision, I have manipulated both the figurative form and the composition through standard camera techniques combined with darkroom processes such as photo montage, solarization, high contrast deviation, and hand manipulation. To define the linear qualities of the figure, I have found that to know the figure well will take a lifetime of work. By this exploration of the human figure, I have come to the conclusion that I will not end this quest but always return to where I started and know the figure more intimately.
Physical Properties of The Ternary System: Ethylene Glycol - Disthylene Glycol - Water
Authors:   , Tombaugh Robert
Published: February 2023

Since approximately two-thirds (12) of the energy from the fuel in automobile engines is converted to unusable heat, it is necessary that a method of cooling the engines be provided. In most present-day engines of this type, an indirect method is utilized, namely, the transfer of heat to a liquid and t hence from the liquid to the surrounding air by means of radiators . Water is universally used for the coolant liquid because of its availability and high heat transfer properties. However, water has its limitations. A significant limitation of water as a coolant is its corrosive action causing rust clogging and metal perforation . Water is a very stable compound, but it attacks certain cooling system metals vigorously under the influence of heat and aeration. Even more significant than these is its high freezing point. Ever since the automobile reached the point of perfection that made it usable in the colder seasons of the year, men have been searching for coolants with freezing points lower than that of water and possessing the desirable coolant characteristics of water . In addition to an adequately lower freezing point , it is a necessary requirement that an antifreeze does not impart undesirable properties that would interfere with cooling engines efficiently. It is also highly desirable that the substance reduce the corrosive tendency.
Common Bonds
Authors:   , Lortscher Robert
Published: February 2023

Just as people and places change, so do the goals and the aspirations of the artist. The work I am presently involved in is a change of focus for me.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Special Education Students
Authors:   , Waskul Michele
Published: February 2023

Abundant theoretical and empirical literature documents how teachers' expectations influence student performance. Labels and self-fulfilling prophecies often have a dramatic influence on academic achievement and self-esteem. This study tests this thesis by measuring the attitudes of teachers toward special education students, and determines whether those attitudes influence their assessment of student achievement on a writing task. Forty-nine teachers from one rural school district in southwest Kansas participated in this study. Subjects were all given an attitude survey and asked to assess a writing-sample by use of criteria established in the Diagnostic Achievement Battery (DAB-2), subtest 10, \Writing Composition.\ Although all teachers assessed the same writing-sample, half were given instruct ions that indicated a special education student wrote the writing-sample, while the other half indicated that a regular education student wrote the sample. Subjects in this study varied in their attitudes toward special education students and their assessment of the writing-sample. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between attitudes and assessment of a writing-sample. The findings of this study suggest that self-fulfilling prophecies and the processes of labeling may be more complex than the literature suggests.
A Secondary Education Curriculum Study of What Is Currently Reported as Being Taught in the Area of Boys Home Economics
Authors:   , Wells Irene
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to find what was currently reported as being taught in the secondary curriculum in the area of home economics for boys, particularly in the state of Kansas, and other states of the United States. The survey method of research was used, employing the following materials and methods as tools for research: a review of periodical literature, questionnaires which were sent to state superintendents of public instruction and vocational home economic state department supervisors of the United States, and questionnaires which were given to college home economists and high school home economics teachers attending the Kansas Home Economics Association Conference at Topeka, Kansas. The information found in these survey questionnaires was compiled to show the indication of areas being taught in boys home economics. The investigator found the program was not currently being offered in all schools. In those schools offering boys home economics, it appeared that boys found...
Interpersonal Conflict and Affect Styles in Relation to Engagement and Self Control
Authors:   , Pfortmiller Desiree
Published: February 2023

Olson (2005) proposed that the terms Engagement and Self Control are sufficient labels for superordinate dimensions of the Big Five Traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). The present research examined the relationship between the superordinate trait domains (Engagement and Self Control), affect styles (Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and interpersonal conflict styles (Aggressiveness, Passive-Aggressiveness, Conflict Avoidance, and Assertiveness). Participants completed 3 tests (PANAS, BFI, and IBS). Positive affect was positively associated with the personality trait of Engagement. Negative affect was inversely related to Self-Control. The broad personality trait dimensions associated with the four styles of interpersonal conflict were as follows: The assertive style was characterized by the personality dimension of high Engagement and high Self Control. The conflict-avoidant style was characterized by low Engagement. The passive-aggressive style was characterized by both low Engagement and low Self-Control. The aggressive style was characterized by low Self-Control.
A Validation Approach to Draw-a-Person Test
Authors:   , Gandhi Renuka
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to demonstrate that considerable freedom to discard human figure drawings from a group of drawings would increase the likelihood of a clinical psychologist correctly predicting levels of adjustment by the use of drawings. Subjects were twenty patients from St. Louis State Hospital, ten of whom were diagnosed as psychotics and ten diagnosed as neurotics, and ten individuals from hospital staff comprising the normal group. Human figure drawings were collected from each subjects and these in turn were submitted to a panel of four qualified clinical psychologists. Each judge followed two steps: two judges were forced to categorize all drawings first into the above named diagnostic categories and then to go back through the drawings and to discard drawings they felt to be diagnostically insignificant. The procedure was reversed for the other two judges. There was no significant difference obtained on either free- or forced-choice steps when compared to chance level. The freedom to discard drawings apparently had no effect on the validity as the difference did not approach statistical significance. It was found that normal group was misdiagnosed more frequently than neurotic or psychotic group.
Reflections of an Intimate World
Authors:   , Walker Janet
Published: February 2023

Seeing is precious to me so when I was working out a direction for my thesis, I knew that seeing would have to play an intimate part in the direction I would ultimately choose. Seeing, while pleasant, is gone within moments and is only of value to the one doing the seeing.
Using Maximum Entropy Species Distribution Modeling For Long-term Conservation Planning Of Three Federally Listed Bats In North America
Authors:   , Meyer Mitchell
Published: February 2023

We are currently in a sixth mass extinction event in which the extinction rate is higher than it has ever been. This mass extinction event is caused by human influence on the environment. Biodiversity is worth conserving because of its many uses to humans. Bats are a diverse group of mammals that humans rely on for pest control services. The gray bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat are on the Threatened and Endangered Species List and are in need of conservation. I built species distribution models using occurrence records, climate data, and Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling technique. I predicted the historical range and projected the range into 2050 and 2070 in best- and worst-case future climate scenarios. The presence of each bat was most influenced by precipitation, which influences water availability, prey abundance, mortality, and natality. Future projected ranges became more fragmented, shifted north from the historical range, or both; and less of the historical range remained in the future. Fragmentation and shifting ranges due to changing climate could have a negative effect on each bat. I recommend conserving forested corridors especially around cave sites used by each bat species. Forested corridors will be important for dispersal when the range shifts or to connect fragmented areas. The models produced in this study provide a guide for conservation management efforts for each bat. Conservation efforts should strive to maintain or increase bat populations because of the economic and environmental benefits they provide.
Rupturing The Plane: Signifying(G) at the Junctures in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo
Authors:   , Webb Michelle
Published: February 2023

Most readings of Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo come from a perspective that Reed establishes a series of binaries to be dissected. Many of these critics use Jacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction because they assert that Reed is simply reversing the roles of the marginalized African and the centralized white man. These implications cover most of the major points in Reed’s work: the West vs. the East, Christianity vs. Hoodoo, white vs. black, etc. However, this type of reading is inadequate because it is too limiting. Reed goes beyond the binaries and beyond the Western assumption of one or the other. He creates a kind of hybrid notion, suggesting the text contains more of a crossroads motif than a simple inversion of dominance and oppression. Using Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism as a theoretical framework, I examine the protagonist, PaPa LaBas, as well as the text Mumbo Jumbo itself because they represent the points at which Reed’s notions of hybridity are most prominent. Cynthia Hamilton writes that which most closely summarizes my concept: “The ‘X’ of the crossing roadbeds signals the multidirectionality of the juncture and is simply a single instance in a boundless network that redoubles and circles . . . and branches over the vastness of hundreds of thousands of American miles” (237). The sense of redoubling and circling aligns with Gates’s theory of “Signifying(g),” and the process enables readers to go beyond the binaries to discover the complex nature of Reed’s work.
The Relation Between Self-Esteem and Character Strengths
Authors:   , Dent Traci
Published: February 2023

The present study examined the relation between self-esteem and frequency of use of top character strengths. Participants (N=78) completed four online surveys. One survey included questions regarding how you feel about yourself (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Another asked a number of questions designed to measure your personal strengths of character (Character Strengths Survey). A third survey asked questions regarding how frequently you take the opportunity to use your character strengths (Utilization of Strengths Survey), and a fourth survey asked a number of demographic questions such as your age and classification (Demographics Survey). Results of a Pearson r indicated a significant positive correlation between the average Utilization of Strengths Survey score and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, r(77) = .239, p =.027. Thus, greater frequency of use of individuals’ top character strengths was associated with higher self-esteem.
I Have Come to You From the West : John Pope at Second Manassas, A Study of the Leadership Style and Errors Committed by Major General John Pope During the Campaign of Second Manassas in the American Civil War
Authors:   , Hardy Thomas
Published: February 2023

As darkness fell on the night of 30 August 1862, the exhausted men of the famous Iron Brigade of the Union Army of Virginia retreated up the west face of the plateau near the Henry House on the old Manassas battlefield.