bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of a Medicare Advantage Posthospitalization Home Meal Delivery Benefit With Rehospitalization and Death
Authors: Nguyen Huong Q. , Duan Lewei , Lee Janet S. , Winn Thomas G. , Arakelian Annet , Akiyama-Ciganek Jaime , Huynh Dan N. , Williams Della D. , Han Bing
Published: June 2023

Importance

The 2018 Chronic Care Act allowed Medicare Advantage plans to have greater flexibility in offering supplemental benefits, such as meals and services, to address unmet needs of beneficiaries with certain chronic conditions. Based on earlier studies of community-based nutritional support, such programs may result in reduced use.

Objective

To evaluate the association of a 4-week posthospitalization home-delivered meals benefit with 30-day all-cause rehospitalization and mortality in patients admitted for heart failure (HF) and other acute medical conditions (non-HF).

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, patients who received meals (the meals group) were compared with 2 controls: (1) no meals in the 2019 historical cohort who would have been eligible for the benefit (the no meals–2019 group) and (2) no meals in the 2021 and 2022 concurrent cohort who were referred but did not receive the meals due to unsuccessful contacts and active declines (the no meals–2021/2022 group). This study took place in a large integrated health care system in southern California among Medicare Advantage members with a hospitalization for HF or other acute medical conditions at 15 Kaiser Permanente hospitals discharged to home.

Exposure

The exposure was receipt of at least 1 and up to 4 shipments of home-delivered meals (total of 56 to 84 meals) after hospital discharge.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were 30-day all-cause composite rehospitalization and death.

Results

A total of 4032 adults with admission to the hospital for HF (mean [SD] age, 79 [9] years; 1951 [48%] White; 2001 [50%] female) and 7944 with non-HF admissions (mean [SD] age, 78 [8] years; 3890 [49%] White; 4149 [52%] female) were included in the analyses. Unadjusted rates of 30-day death and rehospitalization for the meals, no meals–2019, and no meals–2021/2022 cohorts were as follows: HF: 23.3%, 30.1%, and 38.5%; non-HF: 16.5%, 22.4%, and 32.9%, respectively. For HF, exposure to meals was significantly associated with lower odds of 30-day death and rehospitalization compared with the no meals–2021/2022 cohort (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43-0.71; P < .001) but was not significant compared with the no meals–2019 cohort (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.04; P = .12). For non-HF, exposure to meals was associated with significantly lower odds of 30-day death and rehospitalization when compared with the no meals–2019 (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79; P < .001) and the no meals–2021/2022 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.37-0.62; P < .001) cohorts.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, exposure to posthospitalization home-delivered meals was associated with lower 30-day rehospitalization and mortality; randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Who is the most precarious among the nonstandard workers? A comparative study of unmet medical needs among standard workers and subtypes of nonstandard workers
Authors: Ahn Joonho , Lee Dong-Wook , Choi Jaesung , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: June 2023

Objective

Nonstandard workers might have a relatively higher risk of unmet medical needs than standard workers. This study subdivided nonstandard workers to investigate the effects of nonstandard employment on unmet medical needs.

Methods

We used the Korea Health Panel 2011–2018 data. The independent variable, employment contract, was defined using the nonstandard form described by the ILO: Temporary workers, Part-time workers, and Temporary agent workers. The analytical method used in this study was a panel logit model that accounted for repeated measured participants. By controlling for time-invariant individual-fixed effects, we investigate the relationship between subdivided nonstandard work and the risk of unmet medical needs with reference to standard work.

Results

The results of the analysis clearly showed that compared with standard workers, temporary agency workers had a significantly higher risk of unmet medical needs (Odds ratio = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.016–1.374). The main cause of this phenomenon was economic reasons in this group.

Conclusions

This study found that temporary agency workers in the general Korean population have a significantly higher risk of unmet healthcare needs. The result of this study implies that financial hardship might be a fundamental health hazard among workers with nonstandard employment.
Association between place of dental check-ups and work absenteeism among Japanese workers
Authors: Masuko Sayo , Zaitsu Takashi , Oshiro Akiko , Ishimaru Miho , Aida Jun
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Dental check-ups at the workplace provide the opportunity for early detection of dental diseases. Dental check-ups during working hours could reduce the number of days of absence from work due to visits to dental clinics outside the workplace. Although health check-ups are provided to workers in Japan, dental check-ups is not mandatory. This study aimed to determine the association between the place of dental check-ups and absenteeism due to visits to the dental clinic.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from an online self-reported worker survey conducted for 2 weeks in March 2017. We applied linear regression analysis with robust variance to determine the association between the place of dental check-ups and absenteeism due to dental clinic visits while adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and oral health covariates.

Results

The average age of the 3930 participants was 43.3 ± 11.7 years, and 52.3% were male. The number of days of absenteeism due to dental clinic visits in the past year for those who received check-ups only at the dental clinic and at the workplace were 0.57 ± 2.67 days and 0.21 ± 1.20 days, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, it was found that those who received dental check-ups at the workplace had 0.35 (95% CI, 0.12–0.58) fewer days of absence than those who received dental check-ups at the dental clinic.

Conclusion

Workers who received dental check-ups at the workplace were associated with fewer days of absence due to dental visits than those who received at the dental clinic.
Liquid biopsy: circulating tumor DNA monitors neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and prognosis in stage II/III gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yang Heli , Fu Tao , Meng Meizhu , Feng Yi , Qu Changda , Li Zhongwu , Xing Xiaofang , Li Wenmei , Ye Meiying , Li Sisi , Bu Zhaode , Jia Shuqin
Published: June 2023

A good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is strongly associated with a higher curative resection rate and favorable outcomes for patients with gastric cancer (GC). We examined the utility of serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing for monitoring NACT response and prognosis in stage II–III GC. Seventy‐nine patients were enrolled to receive two cycles of NACT following gastrectomy with D2‐lymphadenectomy. Plasma at baseline, post‐NACT, and after surgery, and tissue at pretreatment and surgery were collected. We used a 425‐gene panel to detect genomic alterations (GAs). Results show that the mean cell‐free DNA concentration of patients with clinical stage III was significantly higher than patients with stage II (15.43 ng·mL−1 vs 14.40 ng·mL−1). After receiving NACT and surgery, the overall detection rate of ctDNA gradually reduced (59.5%, 50.8%, and 47.4% for baseline, post‐NACT, and postsurgery). The maximum variant allele frequency (max‐VAF) and the number of GAs decreased from 0.50% to 0.08% and from 2.9 to 1.7 after NACT. For patients with a partial response after NACT, the max‐VAF and the number of GAs declined significantly, but they increased for patients with progressive disease. Patients with detectable ctDNA at baseline, after NACT, or after surgery have a worse overall survival (OS) than patients with undetectable ctDNA. The estimated 3‐year OS was 73% for the post‐NACT ctDNA‐negative patients and 34% for ctDNA‐positive. Patients with perpetual negative ctDNA before and after NACT have the best prognosis. In conclusion, ctDNA was proposed as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis and monitor the NACT response for stage II–III GC patients.
Evaluating summer thermal environment of temporary housing unit adapting the layout plan, “Kumamoto Type D”
Authors: Takata Masahito
Published: June 2023

In Japan, natural disasters have historically caused massive damage, and the importance of emergency temporary housing is increasing. In this paper, the summer thermal environment at the Shirahata temporary housing site in Kousa Town was assessed. The site was constructed following the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The site was improved by applying a design methodology called “Kumamoto Type D,” “D” stands for “Default & Design.” Field measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the building arrangement on the outdoor thermal environment for the Kumamoto Type D layout. The results indicated that the impact of wind was reduced using this layout. However, when the surface temperature in the parking lot and other areas increased, hot air could be transmitted to the site, even under reduced wind conditions.
The impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on outdoor activities and community common space use by urban‐dwelling elderly residents in China
Authors: Yan Luyao , Li Yan , Komatsu Hisashi
Published: June 2023

To examine the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on the elderly, this study conducted field surveys of three communities in Zhengzhou City in China. The results showed that, outdoor activities and common space use by the elderly were not significantly affected by the pandemic. Through the reports of their lives under the general and the extreme (after restrictions on movement were imposed) conditions of the pandemic, we identified the value of activities on a daily basis and activities in the general definition to the elderly. This study also re‐recognized the role that was played by the use of common spaces that were located in close proximity to residential units during the pandemic.
Maximizing AI reliability through anticipatory thinking and model risk audits
Authors: Munz Phil , Hennick Max , Stewart James
Published: June 2023

AI is transforming the way we live and work, with the potential to improve our lives in many ways. However, there are risks associated with AI deployments including failures of model robustness and security, explainability and interpretability, bias and fairness, and privacy and ethics. While there are international efforts to define governance standards for responsible AI, these are currently only principles‐based, leaving organizations uncertain as to how they can prepare for emerging regulations or evaluate their effectiveness. We propose the use of anticipatory thinking and a flexible model risk audit (MRA) framework to bridge this gap and enable organizations to take an advantage of the benefits of responsible AI. This approach enables organizations to characterize risk at the model level and to apply the anticipatory thinking employed by high reliability organizations to achieve responsible AI deployments.
Increased plasma levels of circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 are associated with stroke injury
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Zhang Shenyang , Zhang Zuohui , Zu Jie , Shi Hongjuan , Yu Lu , Lv Bingchen , Cui Likun , Mao Wenqi , Wu Di , Cui Guiyun
Published: June 2023

Objective

Accumulating studies have shown that circulating circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent novel biomarkers for many human diseases. We investigated whether plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels are associated with stroke severity, infarct volume, stroke etiology, and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods

We applied quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) to measure plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels of 236 AIS patients within 72 h of symptoms onset and 136 healthy controls. We further assessed the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), infarct size, the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification and the 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) for each patient.

Results

At admission, plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels in patients with moderate to severe stroke were significantly higher compared to those with mild stroke. Logistic regression and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that they might function as predictive biomarkers for moderate to severe stroke. We also observed a medium positive correlation between these two circRNAs and NIHSS. Plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels were slight positively correlated with cerebral infarct volume only in anterior circulation infarction (ACI) patients. Levels of both circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 were closely related with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke. Moreover, changes within 7 days after admission in circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 were able to predict unfavorable clinical outcome 90 days after AIS.

Interpretation

These results demonstrate that plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 strongly correlated with severity, subtypes and prognosis of AIS, and they could serve as promising biomarkers.
Exponential Chimp Optimization Algorithm based Deep Neuro‐Fuzzy Network with MapReduce framework for fake news detection in big data analytics
Authors: Kanchanamala Pendela , Selva Rani B. , Vairamuthu S.
Published: June 2023

In the present epoch of computing, the world has changed from older conventional print media to social platform channels. Fake news articles have the prospects to handle the opinions of the public and so may harm human groupings. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the authenticity and credibility of the news flash being shared on the internet community. Hence, this research paper devises an efficient and robust fake news detection model, named Exponential Chimp Optimization Algorithm (EChOA)‐based Deep Neuro‐Fuzzy Network (DNFN) for detecting fake news. The introduced model utilizes a MapReduce framework that includes the mapper and reducer phases for processing big data for detecting fake news. First phase of processing is the Mapper work, in which every input used in the database is processed and creates an intermediate key‐value pair. In the reducer phase, the fusion of features is performed by arranging the features with the help of computing the optimal parameter and Rand similarity coefficient using a Deep Q Network (DQN). Here, the detection of fake news is obtained by DNFN, and the DNFN is done using implemented EChOA. The EChOA‐based DNFN effectively generates robust and effective fake news detection performance by choosing the optimal feature subsets through feature fusion. The EChOA is designed by integrating the Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA). Moreover, the EChOA‐based DNFN method outperformed various former fake news detection approaches and attains the highest performance based on the testing accuracy is 0.909, sensitivity is 0.937, and specificity is 0.891 using the FakeNewsNet dataset.
Review of AUD medications gives high support to naltrexone
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2023

The most comprehensive review to date of research into medication treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has concluded that the federally approved naltrexone and the off‐label topiramate have the strongest evidence base for reducing drinking. The report's authors lament the overall underutilization of medication treatments, citing 2019 national data showing that only an estimated 1.6% of U.S. patients with AUD reported receiving one of the approved medication treatments.
Interfacial Interactions in Particle‐Induced Abnormal Grain Growth
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Nabil , Frame Lesley D. , Mushongera Leslie T.
Published: June 2023

The presence of secondary particles to polycrystalline alloys results in kinetic stabilization of the grain boundaries, which maintains desirable fine microstructures. In some instances, secondary particles trigger abnormal grain growth. The mechanisms influencing abnormal grain growth are still a subject of conjecture. As dispersed fine particles can contribute to abnormal grain growth, it is necessary to clarify the governing mechanism by which this occurs. The current work employs a multiphase field modeling approach to shed light onto abnormal grain growth. Particular attention is placed on understanding the role of grain boundary–particle interactions on abnormal grain growth. The results show that, in the presence of particles, normal grain growth occurs until a pinned state is achieved. In the pinned state, some grains overcome the pinning pressure exerted by some particles by piercing through the particles, which results in abnormal grain growth. The piercing events appear to be entirely random and not related to the size of the interacting particles. None‐the‐less, a bimodal particle size distribution is observed to lead to abnormal grain growth. A pinning parameter is introduced as a metric to identify the transition from normal to abnormal grain growth.
Incorporating the Antioxidant Fullerenol into Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Increases Cellular Osteogenesis without Compromising Physical Cement Characteristics
Authors: Duru İlayda , Büyük Nisa İrem , Torun Köse Gamze , Marques Dylan Widder , Bruce Karina Ann , Martin John Robert , Ege Duygu
Published: June 2023

Herein, fullerenol (Ful), a highly water‐soluble derivative of C60 fullerene with demonstrated antioxidant activity, is incorporated into calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to enhance their osteogenic ability. CPCs with added carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin (CMC/Gel) are doped with biocompatible Ful particles at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1 wt v%−1 and evaluated for Ful‐mediated mechanical performance, antioxidant activity, and in vitro cellular osteogenesis. CMC/gel cements with the highest Ful concentration decrease setting times due to increased hydrogen bonding from Ful's hydroxyl groups. In vitro studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging with CMC/gel cements demonstrate potent antioxidant activity with Ful incorporation and cement scavenging capacity is highest for 0.02 and 0.04 wt v%−1 Ful. In vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal that 0.02 and 0.04 wt v%−1 Ful cements also protect cellular viability. Finally, increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast cells treated with low‐dose Ful cements demonstrate Ful‐mediated osteogenic differentiation. These results strongly indicate that the osteogenic abilities of Ful‐loaded cements are correlated with their antioxidant activity levels. Overall, this study demonstrates exciting potential of Fullerenol as an antioxidant and proosteogenic additive for improving the performance of calcium phosphate cements in bone reconstruction procedures.
Effects of Electrode Design on the Melt Electrowriting of Sinusoidal Structures
Authors: Tandon Biranche , Züge Andreas B. , Luposchainsky Simon , Dalton Paul D.
Published: June 2023

Melt electrowriting is a microscale manufacturing technique that uses polymer‐based melts to create fibrous structures. An electric field is used to stabilize a continuous molten jet, which is then written onto a substrate as a microscale fiber. Herein, it is investigated how different electrode designs affect the electric field's spatial distribution and intensity. Experiments show that the electrode design affects the temperature of the poly(ε‐caprolactone) melt in the nozzle and plays a crucial role in the formation of jet, its speed, and consequent deposition. A concave electrode design is observed to directly impact the temperature of the polymer being extruded, where it is found to be 10 and 8 °C lower than the flat and convex electrode, respectively. This lowering in temperature impacts the polymer flow and the critical translation speed directly, impacting the fidelity of prints using a sinusoidal toolpath, showing a reduction of 65% in the programmed value of amplitude. Sinusoid patterns with different amplitudes and wavelengths are designed and printed, providing a library of structures with preprogrammed mechanics for scaffold creation. A high level of control is demonstrated by designing complex alternating amplitude structures displaying dual elastic regions and step‐based mechanical properties.
Fully‐Depleted PdTe2/WSe2 van der Waals Field Effect Transistor with High Light On/Off Ratio and Broadband Detection
Authors: Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Han Jiayue , Li Chunyu , Zhou Hongxi , Yu He , Gou Jun , Chen Chao , Jiang Yadong , Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

Due to its unique band structure and topological properties, the 2D topological semimetal exhibits potential applications in photoelectric detection, polarization sensitive imaging, and Schottky barrier diodes. However, its inherent large dark current hinders the further improvement of the performance of the semimetal‐based photodetectors. In this study, a van der Waals (vdWs) field effect transistor (FET) composed of semimetal PdTe2 and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) WSe2 is fabricated, which exhibits high sensitivity photoelectric detection performance in a wide band from visible light (405 nm) to mid‐infrared (5 µm). The dark current and the noise level in the device are greatly suppressed by the effective control of the gate. Benefiting from the extremely low dark current (1.2 pA), the device achieves an optical on/off ratio up to 106, a high detectivity of 9.79 × 1013 Jones and a rapid response speed (219 and 45 µs). This research demonstrates the latent capacity of the 2D topological semimetal/TMDs vdWs FET for broadband, high‐performance, and miniaturized photodetection.
Functional Materials for Memristor‐Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Qin Jingrun , Zhang Yue , Gong Guodong , Xiong Zi‐Yu , Ma Xiangyu , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: June 2023

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain‐inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high‐dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor‐implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor‐implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on‐demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor‐based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor‐implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Photodynamic and Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Realizing Enhanced Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death via Mitochondrial Stress
Authors: Wang Shao‐Zhe , Guo Yuxin , Zhang Xinping , Feng Hui‐Heng , Wu Shun‐Yu , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Jia Hao‐Ran , Duan Qiu‐Yi , Hao Shi‐Jie , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: June 2023

Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a robust therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, only a few ICD inducers are currently available and many of them take effect based on traditional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress rather than mitochondrial stress. Besides, mitochondrion is closely related to ER and drug delivery via mitochondrial targeting usually shows a higher efficiency and cytotoxicity than that via ER targeting, which inspires to explore the ICD effect of cancer cells through mitochondrial stress. Herein, a mito‐missile that can realize not only mitochondria‐targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT)/mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (MTPTT) but also ICD‐induced cancer immunotherapy is constructed. The mito‐missile (termed DIH) is prepared by coating dc‐IR825 (a mitochondrion‐targeting cyanine dye)‐loaded polyamidoamine dendrimer with hyaluronic acid. dc‐IR825 can precisely target mitochondria and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mild heat upon near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, inducing mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial stress‐caused enhanced ICD. By combining PDT, MTPTT, and ICD‐induced immunotherapy, the DIH mito‐missile can efficiently inhibit tumor growth and even eradicate tumors. This study develops a dendrimer‐based nanoplatform for realizing mitochondrion‐acting PDT/MTPTT as well as mitochondrial stress‐induced potentiated ICD, which may provide a guideline for designing effective ICD inducers in the future.
Quantum Junction Solar Cells: Development and Prospects
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Hussain Sajjad , Kabir Fahmid , Al‐Kahtani Abdullah A. , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy
Published: June 2023

Nanocrystals, called semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), contain excitons that are three‐dimensionally bound. QDs exhibit a discontinuous electronic energy level structure that is similar to that of atoms and exhibit a distinct quantum confinement effect. As a result, QDs have unique electrical, optical, and physical characteristics that can be used in a variety of optoelectronic device applications, including solar cells. In this review article, the stable and controllable synthesis of QD materials is outlined for upscaling solar cells, including material development and device performance enhancement. It includes a systematic variety of device structures for the fabrication of solar cells, such as QD, hybrid QD/organic, hybrid QD/inorganic, perovskite QD, and hybrid 2D MXene QD/perovskite. The mechanisms for the improvement of stability by QD treatment are examined. For example, the 2D MXene QD and/or Cu1.8S nanocrystal doping significantly increases the long‐term light and ambient stability of perovskite solar cells, resulting from improved perovskite crystallization, reduced hole transport layer (HTL) aggregation and crystallization of films, and reduced UV‐induced photocatalytic activity of the electron transport layer (ETL). For the advancement of QD solar cells and their interaction with various materials, the conclusions from this review are crucial. Finally, future prospects for the development of QD solar cells as well as current challenges are discussed.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Liu Di , Qiao Lulu , Peng Shuyang , Bai Haoyun , Liu Chunfa , Ip Weng Fai , Lo Kin Ho , Liu Hongchao , Ng Kar Wei , Wang Shuangpeng , Yang Xiaozhan , Pan Hui
Published: June 2023

Ammonia as an irreplaceable chemical has been widely demanded to keep the sustainable development of the modern society. However, its industrial production consumes huge energy and releases extraordinary green‐house gases, leading to various environmental issues. To achieve the green production of ammonia is a great challenge that has been extensively pursued recently. In the review, a most promising strategy, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) for the purpose is comprehensively investigated to give a full understanding of its development and mechanism and provide guidance for future directions. Particularly, the development of electrocatalysts is focused to realize the high ammonia yield rate and Faraday efficiency for industrial applications. The recent‐developed catalysts, including noble metallic materials, alloys, metal compounds, single‐metal‐atom catalysts, and metal‐free materials, are systematically discussed to review the effects of various factors on the catalytic performance in e‐NO3RR. Accordingly, the strategies, including defects engineering, coordination environment modulating, surface controlling, and hybridization, are carefully discussed to improve the catalytic performance, such as the intrinsic activity and selectivity. Finally, perspectives and challenges are given out. This review shall provide insightful guidance on the development of advanced catalytic systems for the production of green ammonia efficiently in the industry.
Self‐Healable Spider Dragline Silk Materials
Authors: Chen Wen‐Chia , Wang Ruei‐Ci , Yu Sheng‐Kai , Chen Jheng‐Liang , Kao Yu‐Han , Wang Tzi‐Yuan , Chang Po‐Ya , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Chen Ssu‐Ching , Liu Wei‐Ren , Yang Ta‐I , Wu Hsuan‐Chen
Published: June 2023

Developing materials with structural flexibility that permits self‐repair in response to external disturbances remains challenging. Spider silk, which combines an exceptional blend of strength and pliability in nature, serves as an ideal dynamic model for adaptive performance design. In this work, a novel self‐healing material is generated using spider silk. Dragline silk from spider Nephila pilipes is demonstrated with extraordinary in situ self‐repair property through a constructed thin film format, surpassing that of two other silks from spider Cyrtophora moluccensis and silkworm Bombyx mori. Subsequently, R2, a key spidroin associated with self‐healing, is biosynthesized, with validated cohesiveness. R2 is further programmed with tunable healability (permanent and reversible) and conductivity (graphene doping; R2G) for electronics applications. In the first demonstration, film strips from R2 and R2G are woven manually into multidimensional (1D‐3D) conductive fabrics for creating repairable logic gate circuits. In the second example, a reversibly‐healable R2/R2G strip is fabricated as a re‐configurable wearable ring probe to fit fingertips of varying widths while retaining its detecting capabilities. Such a prototype displays a unique conformable wearable technology. Last, the remarkable finding of self‐healing in spider silk can offer a new material paradigm for developing future adaptive biomaterials with tailored performance and environmental sustainability.
Emulating Neuromorphic and In‐Memory Computing Utilizing Defect Engineering in 2D‐Layered WSeOx and WSe2 Thin Films by Plasma‐Assisted Selenization Process
Authors: Chaudhary Mayur , Yang Tzu‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Ting , Lai Po‐Chien , Hsu Yu‐Chieh , Peng Yu‐Ren , Kumar Ashish , Lee Chih‐Hao , Chueh Yu‐Lun
Published: June 2023

The neuromorphic and in‐memory computing using memristors are promising for the building of the next generation computing systems. However, the diffusion dynamics of metal ions/atoms inside the switching medium impose variability in conducting filament (CF) formation, thus limiting their use in von‐Neumann architecture. The precise modulation on the diffusion of metal ions/atoms and their reduction/oxidation probability holds promise to overcome the speed, size, and energy issues of present‐day computers. Here, this study shows that the diffusion of metal ions can be modulated by defects inside the switching medium and confines metal filaments in a precise 1D channel. This filament confinement by the defect engineering leads to an anomalous switching mechanism with two interchangeable modes: unipolar threshold and bipolar modes. The variation between two modes can be modulated by controlling defects in the structures, leading to a uniform switching with low SET/RESET voltage variations of 17.3% and −17.6%, respectively. Moreover, the convolutional neural network is implemented to emulate synaptic plasticity and image recognition to achieve recognition accuracy of 87% due to a highly linear weight update, demonstrating its potential for in‐memory computing.
Sulfurized Colloidal Quantum Dot/Tungsten Disulfide Multi‐Dimensional Heterojunction for an Efficient Self‐Powered Visible‐to‐SWIR Photodetector
Authors: Kim Sol‐Hee , Lee Donggyu , Moon Sanghyun , Choi Jae‐Hwan , Kim Dongeon , Kim Jihyun , Baek Se‐Woong
Published: June 2023

Emerging semiconducting materials show considerable promise for application in the development of next‐generation optoelectronic devices. In particular, broadband light detection is crucial in various applications, including multispectral imaging and cognition. Therefore, tuning the physical properties of semiconductors and thereby building an efficient heterojunction are important for achieving a high‐performance photodetection device. In this study, a heavy p‐type colloidal quantum dot (CQD) is synthesized through solution‐based sulfurization. The resulting cubic‐shaped CQD exhibits broadband and strong absorption, which enable its broadband absorption. Further, a multidimensional 0D‐2D heterojunction is developed using p‐type CQD and n‐type tungsten disulfide (WS2). This efficient p‐n junction is operated as a fully self‐powered optical sensor and phototransistor under various light illumination conditions. Under the self‐powered condition, the CQD/WS2 heterojunction device exhibits 440‐ and 200‐fold‐higher responsivity and detectivity, respectively, than pristine WS2.
Remarkably Enhanced Charge Density of Inorganic Material Via Regulating Contact Barrier Difference and Charge Trapping for Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Gui , Xu Shuyan , Wu Huiyuan , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , He Wencong , Zhao Qionghua , Li Kaixian , Hu Chenguo
Published: June 2023

Currently, the research on improving charge density of charge‐excitation triboelectric nanogenerators (CE‐TENG) mainly focuses on surface modification and thinning of organic polymer materials. However, to increase durability and output, the exploration of high permittivity and high‐thickness inorganic materials is important for extensive applications. Meanwhile, the physical mechanism of air ionization caused by air breakdown during secondary self‐charge excitation (SSCE) needs to be explored. Herein, this study proposes a new strategy for CE‐TENG based on inorganic materials by de‐trapping reverse charge and increasing the contact barrier difference to obtain high charge density and achieve secondary self‐charge excitation. SSCE of three types of films with different leakage currents are evaluated according to their trapping and de‐trapping reverse charges. It is found that the trap distribution of dielectric films with larger leakage currents are mostly shallow‐level traps, whose de‐trapping ability becomes stronger after reverse charge injection. By regulating the contact barrier difference with thin organic polymer on thick inorganic high permittivity material, this study has achieved a high charge density of 1310 µC m−2 with a fast start‐up time of SSCE, which is a new record for the charge density of inorganic materials. This study promotes TENG of inorganic materials toward high‐energy output applications.
Suppressing Thermal Migration by Fine‐Tuned Metal‐Support Interaction of Iron Single‐Atom Catalyst for Efficient ORR
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Hu Chuangang , Wang Liguang , Yuan Yang , Zhu Kai , Zhang Qing , Yang Lin , Lu Jun , Bai Zhengyu
Published: June 2023

Atomically dispersed iron–nitrogen–carbon (FeNC) catalysts have sparked great interest by virtue of the highly active isolated FeN4 sites. The catalysts with pyrolysis treatment usually induce inevitable FeN4 sites agglomeration, leading to fast degradation in catalytic activity. Herein, a pre‐coordinated protection strategy is proposed to eliminate the aggregation of Fe atoms by suppressing the thermal migration during the pyrolysis process. To this end, the S atom is introduced into the graphitic support by enhancing the metal‐support interaction. The proposed atomic structure is revealed by multiple advanced characterizations including Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. By employing S atom into the structure, the center atom Fe is oxidized to a higher valence, improving the bonding energy with the graphitic support, which accordingly endows catalyst anti‐sintering capacity and improved catalytic activity. Compared to commercial Pt/C and the reported catalyst with secondary pyrolysis, the proposed catalysts exhibit enhanced ORR activity in alkaline media (E1/2 = 0.91 V). This work provides a new avenue toward optimizing and improving ORR performance of atomically dispersed Fe catalysts.
Blending Layered Cathode with Olivine: An Economic Strategy for Enhancing the Structural and Thermal Stability of 4.65 V LiCoO2
Authors: Yan Yawen , Zheng Yichun , Zhang Haitang , Chen Jianken , Zeng Guifan , Wang Lingling , Zhang Baodan , Zhou Shiyuan , Tang Yonglin , Fu Ang , Zheng Lirong , Huang Huan , Zou Yue , Wang Chuan-Wei , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Sun Yang , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: June 2023

The intrinsic poor structural and thermal stability of high‐voltage layered cathodes are aggravated as the charging depth increases, which severely threatens the cycle life and safety of the battery. Herein, without modifying the high‐voltage layered cathode itself, a simple and economic blending strategy is introduced, and an olivine‐LiCoO2 blended cathode featuring superior comprehensive performance (energy, power, cycle‐life, and safety) at 4.65 V is fabricated. The strong bonding affinity at the olivine/LiCoO2 contact interface suppresses lattice O2 release of LiCoO2, thus significantly improving the structural and thermal stability at high delithiation states. Meanwhile, by contacting with high‐electron‐conductivity LiCoO2, the redox activity of olivine is further activated. Therefore, a stable operation of both olivine‐LiCoO2 and olivine‐LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 blended cathode is achieved under harsh cycling conditions (high voltage or elevated temperature) and long‐life pouch‐cell (91.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) is harvested, demonstrating the feasibility and universality of this economic blending strategy on heterogenous cathode candidates.
Utilizing High Entropy Effects for Developing Chromium‐Tolerance Cobalt‐Free Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Han Xu , Ling Yihan , Yang Yang , Wu Yujie , Gao Yuan , Wei Bo , Lv Zhe
Published: June 2023

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is regarded as an environmentally friendly energy conversion device, which can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel to the electrical energy. However, the degradation of cathodes caused by Cr‐containing steel interconnects is a major problem that limits the broader application of SOFC. Herein, a novel A‐site high entropy oxide, based on the cobalt‐free PrBaFe2O5+δ
(PBF) cathode, La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2BaFe2O5+δ
(LPNSGBF), is proposed as a high catalyst activity and Cr‐tolerance cathode for SOFC. The anode‐supported cell with the LPNSGBF cathode exhibits an excellent peak power density of 1020.69 mW cm−2 at 800 °C, which is better than that of the PBF (794.96 mW cm−2). Moreover, under the Cr‐containing atmosphere, the outstanding stability of the single cell with the LPNSGBF for 100 h with a degradation rate of 0.17% h−1, is much lower than the 0.79% h−1 for that of the PBF cathode. The study provides a new strategy for achieving the enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and high Cr‐tolerance of the cobalt‐free cathode by high entropy doping.
Photocurable 3D‐Printed PMBG/TCP Scaffold Coordinated with PTH (1‐34) Bidirectionally Regulates Bone Homeostasis to Accelerate Bone Regeneration
Authors: Ren Ya , Kong Weiqing , Liu Yihao , Yang Xue , Xu Xiang , Qiang Lei , Mi Xuelian , Zhang Changru , Niu Haoyi , Wang Chengwei , Wang Jinwu
Published: June 2023

Bone defect repair remains a major clinical challenge that requires the construction of scaffolds that can regulate bone homeostasis. In this study, a photo‐cured mesoporous bioactive glass (PMBG) precursor is developed as a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) agglomerant to obtain a double‐phase PMBG/TCP scaffold via 3D printing. The scaffold exhibits multi‐scale porous structures and large surface areas, making it a suitable carrier for the loading of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1‐34), which is used for the treatment of osteoporosis. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that PMBG/TCP scaffolds coordinated with PTH (1‐34) can regulate bone homeostasis in a bidirectional manner to facilitate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption. Furthermore, bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis by PTH (1‐34) is achieved by inhibiting fibrogenic activation protein (FAP). Thus, PMBG/TCP scaffolds coordinated with PTH (1‐34) are viable materials with considerable potential for application in the field of bone regeneration and provide an excellent solution for the design and development of clinical materials.
Iron‐Rich Semiconducting Polymer Dots for the Combination of Ferroptosis–Starvation and Phototherapeutic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Mingjian , Yang Yuxin , Tang Le , He Shuyi , Guo Wanni , Ge Guili , Zeng Zhaoyang , Li Xiaoling , Li Guiyuan , Xiong Wei , Wu Steven Xu
Published: June 2023

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as an outstanding antitumor therapeutic method due to its selectivity and utilization of tumor microenvironment. However, there are still unmet requirements to achieve a high antitumor efficiency, including the tumor accumulation of catalyst and enrichment of reactants of Fenton reaction. Here, an iron‐loaded semiconducting polymer dot modified with glucose oxidase (Pdot@Fe@GOx) is reported to deliver iron ions into tumor tissues and in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide in tumors. On one hand, Pdot@Fe@GOx converts glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor, which not only consumes glucose of tumor cells, but also provides the H2O2 for the following Fenton reaction. On the other hand, the Pdot@Fe@GOx delivers active iron ions in tumor to perform CDT with the combination of the generated H2O2. In addition, the Pdot@Fe@GOx has both photothermal and photodynamic effects under the irradiation of near‐infrared laser, which can improve and compensate the CDT effect to kill cancer cells. This Pdot@Fe@GOx‐based multiple‐mode therapeutic strategy has successfully achieved a synergistic anticancer effect with minimal side effects and has the potential to be translated into preclinical setting for tumor therapy.
Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment by Modulating the Pyroptosis Pathway
Authors: Wang Mengzhen , Fu Qinrui
Published: June 2023

Pyroptosis differs significantly from apoptosis and cell necrosis as an alternative mode of programmed cell death. Its occurrence is mediated by the gasdermin protein, leading to characteristic outcomes including cell swelling, membrane perforation, and release of cell contents. Research underscores the role of pyroptosis in the etiology and progression of many diseases, making it a focus of research intervention as scientists explore ways to regulate pyroptosis pathways in disease management. Despite numerous reviews detailing the relationship between pyroptosis and disease mechanisms, few delve into recent advancements in nanomaterials as a mechanism for modulating the pyroptosis pathway to mitigate disease effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fill this gap and elucidate the path for the use of this promising technology in the field of disease treatment. This review article delves into recent developments in nanomaterials for disease management through pyroptosis modulation, details the mechanisms by which drugs interact with pyroptosis pathways, and highlights the promise that nanomaterial research holds in driving forward disease treatment.
Robust PANI@MXene/GQDs‐Based Fiber Fabric Electrodes via Microfluidic Wet‐Fusing Spinning Chemistry
Authors: Qiu Hui , Qu Xiaowei , Zhang Yujiao , Chen Su , Shen Yizhong
Published: June 2023

Two‐dimensional transition metal titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) as a promising candidate material for batteries and supercapacitors has shown excellent electrochemical performance, but it is difficult to meet practical applications because of its poor morphology structure, low mechanical properties, and expensive process. Here, an applied and efficient method based on microfluidic wet‐fusing spinning chemistry (MWSC) is proposed to construct hierarchical structure of MXene‐based fiber fabrics (MFFs), allowing the availability of MFF electrodes with ultrastrong toughness, high conductivity, and easily machinable properties. First, a dot‐sheet structure constructed by graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and MXene nanosheets with multianchor interaction in the microchannel of a microfluidic device enhances the mechanical strength of MXene fibers; next, the interfused fiber network structure of Ti3C2Tx/GQDs fabrics assembled by the MWSC process enhances the deformability of the whole fabrics; finally, the core–shell structure of PANI@Ti3C2Tx/GQDs architected by in‐situ polymerization growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers provides more ion‐accessible pathways and sites for kinetic migration and ion accumulation. Through the morphology and microstructure design, this strategy has directive significance to the large‐scale preparation of conductive fabric electrodes and provides a viable solution for simultaneously enhancing mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of conductive fabric electrodes.
The Design and Developments of Protein‐Polysaccharide Biomaterials for Corneal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Prasathkumar Murugan , Dhrisya Chenthamara , Lin Feng‐Huei , Sadhasivam Subramaniam
Published: June 2023

Corneal blindness is explained by a large reduction in vision loss caused by acute and chronic corneal diseases and/or disorders. Due to the severe unavailability of donor corneas, immune rejection, and the side effects of keratoprosthesis (KPro), vision‐impaired patients are often unable to restore their vision. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising method using natural polymers made from different layers of corneal cells such as epithelium, stroma, and endothelium or full tissue equivalents. Proteins and polysaccharides are able to mimic the chemical composition of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been extensively studied for corneal tissue engineering. Additionally, protein‐based materials are highly favored in corneal regenerative therapy as they have the proper cell‐binding sites for cell adhesion, corneal innervation regeneration, and oxidative stress suppression, while polysaccharide‐based materials can also promote cell proliferation and adhesion as well as ocular permeability. Herein, a comprehensive review of various biomaterials based on natural proteins (fibrin, fibrinogen, silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and serum albumin) and polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, and gellan gum) for corneal tissue engineering are provided. The protein‐polysaccharide biomaterials are mainly used in the form of hydrogels, films, scaffolds, sutures, eye drops, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules to treat ocular diseases that cause blindness, such as corneal wounds, corneal ulcers, Goldenhar syndrome, corneal endothelium and stroma defects, corneal neovascularization, etc. In this review, insight is provided into recent developments in the areas of biomaterial design, cross‐linking strategy, corneal cell selection, and frontiers that are expected to offer researchers support and creativity in the development of corneal regenerative medicine.