bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling a turbidity current in Soyang reservoir (Korea) and its control using a selective withdrawal facility
Authors: Ryu I. G. , Chung S. W. , Yoon S. W.
Published: May 2011

Persistent turbidity in reservoirs and their downstream after flood events is one of most important environmental issues in Korea. Recently, modification of withdrawal facility and installation of a new selective withdrawal structure (SWS) have been implemented for the mitigation of downstream impact and sediment loading into water treatment facilities. This study was to explore the characteristics of flood density flow induced into Soyang Reservoir and the transport processes of suspended sediments (SS) through application of coupled two-dimensional hydrodynamic and particle dynamic models (TM-1, TM-2 and TM-3). The TM-3 including a turbidity attenuation rate as a lumped parameter showed best performance in reproducing the magnitude and distribution of SS in the reservoir. The validated model was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of SWS, which was designed for the reservoir, with 6 different historical flood events. The magnitude of vertical mixing of the turbidity plume and its persistence within the reservoir were closely correlated to the ratio of the volume of turbidity flow to the total reservoir storage (the θ value). The operation of SWS showed a positive effect as long as θ is between 0.3 and 0.6 but negative when θ = 0.83 for the study reservoir, thus it should be optimized based on the θ value for a better management of the reservoir.
A combined UASB-MBR with shortcut nitrification-denitrification for energy reduction in wastewater reclamation
Authors: Wong F. S. , Fang W. , Moy Y. P. , Lin S. , An Y.
Published: May 2011

Shortcut nitrification has been successfully applied in a laboratory scale nitrification-denitrification process consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) in treating synthetic and municipal wastewater to simultaneously remove organic carbon and nitrogen. For the treatment of synthetic wastewater, the combined system exhibited a high TOC removal of 98% with a steady ammonia removal efficiency of about 98% in the MBR and a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 90%. In treating municipal wastewater, due to its low COD concentration, removal efficiencies of TOC, ammonia and TN were 70%, 98% and 60%, respectively. The biogas production was around 76.4 L/m3 wastewater when treating synthetic wastewater. However, little biogas was produced when treating municipal wastewater which was the result of low organic carbon loading to the UASB. Energy analysis has demonstrated that this novel shortcut nitrification process could consume less energy than a conventional process and have the potential of bio-energy generation via biogas production thus helping to achieve a more favorable energy balance.
Decolorization and mineralization of Oolong tea polyphenols in colored soft drink wastewater by photo Fenton reaction
Authors: Tokumura M. , Sekine M. , Morito Y. , Kawase Y.
Published: May 2011

The decolorization and the mineralization of the colored soft drink wastewater including Oolong tea polyphenols by the photo Fenton reaction have been investigated. The decolorization of the colored soft drink wastewater including Oolong tea polyphenols by the photo Fenton reaction could be divided into 3 phases. Just after H2O2 was added to the solution, the color of the solution immediately increased from absorbance of 0.247 to 0.711 at the wavelength of 400 nm, which was defined as the 1st phase. Subsequently the significant decolorization by the photo Fenton reaction occurred at the 2nd phase. Finally, complete decolorization (the color attributed to the color of Fe3+) could be achieved in 180 min at the 3rd phase. The instantaneous and considerable color increase at the 1st phase could be attributed to the formation of intermediate colored compounds like quinones and soluble iron complexes produced by the Fenton reaction. About 95% mineralization of model colored soft drink wastewater with 229 mg L−1 initial TOC concentration was achieved after 165 min.
Modelling anaerobic digestion of concentrated black water and faecal matter in accumulation system
Authors: Elmitwalli Tarek , Zeeman Grietje , Otterpohl Ralf
Published: May 2011

A dynamic mathematical model based on anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) was developed for accumulation (AC) system treating concentrated black water and faecal matter at different temperatures. The AC system was investigated for the treatment of waste(water) produced from the following systems: vacuum toilet for black water (VBW), vacuum toilet for faeces with urine separation (VF), dry toilet (DT), dry toilets for faeces with urine separation (DF), separated faecal matter from conventional black water by filter bag (FB). For evaluation of the AC system treating the proposed waste(water) sources at 20 and 35°C, two options were studied: (1) The filling period of the AC system was constant for all waste(water) sources (either 1, 3 or 6 months) and for each period, the seed sludge volume was varied; (2) The volume of the AC system was constant for all proposed waste(water) sources. The results showed that the filling period of the AC system was the main parameter affecting the system performance, followed by operational temperature, while the increase of the seed sludge volume slightly enhanced the performance of the system. The model results indicated that the filling period of the AC system should be higher than 150 days for obtaining a stable performance. It was found that the hydrolysis of biodegradable particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the rate limiting step, as volatile fatty acid concentration is very low in all experimental conditions (<200 mgCOD/L at 20 °C and <100 mgCOD/L at 35 °C). Based on the results of the two options, it was found that the concentrated waste(water) sources have better performance than the diluted waste(water) sources, like VBW waste(water). Furthermore, smaller volume will be required for the AC system.
Evaluation of hybrid treatments to produce high quality reuse water
Authors: Luiz D. B. , Silva G. S. , Vaz E. A. C. , José H. J. , Moreira R. F. P. M.
Published: May 2011

Four tertiary hybrid treatments to produce high quality reused water, fulfilling Brazilian drinking water regulations, from a slaughterhouse's secondary treated effluent were evaluated. The pilot plant with a capacity of 500 L h−1 was set up and consisted of these stages: pre-filtration system (cartridge filter 50 micron, activated carbon filter, cartridge filter 10 micron), oxidation (H2O2) or second filtration (ceramic filter, UF) followed by UV radiation (90 L h−1). The best combination was T4: pre-filtration followed by H2O2 addition and UV radiation (AOP H2O2/UV). Disinfection kinetics by T4 followed pseudo first-order kinetics: kT4 = 0.00943 s−1 or 0.00101 cm2 mJ−1. Three different zones (A, B, C) were observed in the UV254 degradation kinetics (pseudo-first order kinetics): k' decreased over time (k′A > k′B > k′C).
A fuzzy quality index for the environmental assessment of a restored wetland
Authors: Giusti E. , Marsili-Libelli S. , Mattioli S.
Published: May 2011

This paper describes the feasibility study for the restoration of agricultural land with a tendency to become waterlogged into a natural wetland, conceived to mitigate floods and to remove nutrients from the water drained from the cultivated plots. The wetland model, developed in aquatox, includes the nutrient dynamics both in the water and in the sediment, and the vegetation that is expected to develop as a consequence of flooding. The model inputs were synthesized from historical time series of rainfall and chemical data collected over the last decade. The model outputs are used to compute a synthetic fuzzy quality index (FQI) to assess the removal efficiency of the wetland. This FQI is based on three main variables describing the ecosystem quality: chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids. This index has the merit of being simple enough to be immediately grasped by non-technical people, like managers and stakeholders, to whom the restoration project is proposed. The simulations, performed under five differing loading scenarios demonstrate the feasibility of this solution, which is robust enough to accommodate a 50% increase in either nitrogen, phosphorous or organic matter.
Application of lipophilicity parameters in QSRR analysis of newly synthesized s-triazine derivatives: Prediction of the retention behavior
Authors: Jevric Lidija , Jovanovic Bratislav , Velimirovic Sonja , Tepic Aleksandra , Koprivica Gordana , Misljenovic Nevena
Published: May 2011

Considerable attention has been paid to the analysis of chemicals in the
s-triazine group, due to their widespread use in agricultural chemistry and
their subsequent impact on biological systems. For initial chemical
screening of the activity of newly synthesized compounds, it is recommended
to determine their lipophilicity and physico-chemical property in relation
to biological activity. Lipophilicity is difficult to quantify. The most
widely accepted measure of lipophilicity is the octanol-water partition
coefficient. Measurement of the octanol-water partition coefficients is
achieved by an alternative method, i.e. reversed-phase liquid
chromatography. Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP TLC) is a rapid
method for the analysis of large number of s-triazine type compounds.
Certain relationship between the structure of s-triazine compounds and their
mobility on silica gel impregnated with paraffin oil have recently been
demonstrated. The retention behavior of compounds in various chromatographic
systems strongly depends on their physico-chemical properties. Recently,
much effort was given in finding adequate mathematical model relating the
retention of the given analyte to its physico-chemical and structural
parameters (descriptors). These correlations are known as quantitative
structure-retention relationships (QSRR), which offer a powerful tool for
the prediction of separation behavior. The QSRR equations describing
retention constants RM0, determined for different modifiers in mobile phase
in terms of logarithms of n-octanol-water partition coefficients, were
derived. The partition coefficients (AlogPs, AClogP, AB/logP, milogP, AlogP,
MlogP, logPKowin, XlogP2, XlogP3, ACDlogP i ClogP) were calculated by
application of different software packages. The goal of this paper was to
select the logP data and TLC system that best characterize octanol/water
partitioning and thus the lipophilicity of the investigated molecules.
Does Mandated Disclosure Induce a Structural Change in the Determinants of Nonaudit Service Purchases?
Authors: Abbott Lawrence J. , Parker, and Susan , Peters Gary F.
Published: May 2011

We investigate the association between mandated fee disclosures and structural changes in the determinants of nonaudit services (NAS). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) underscored the importance of understanding the impact of disclosures when the Auditor Independence Rules of 2000 explicitly relied on market responses to discipline NAS purchases. In contrast, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) relied upon prohibitions of NAS. Our findings suggest that market-based approaches were functioning prior to SOX prohibitions. We find that after the SEC mandated fee disclosures, NAS purchases become negatively associated with firms seeking financing and positively associated with managerial ownership. We also document a significantly smaller propensity for NAS purchases among larger firms, compared to a nondisclosure environment. Last, we find that mandated disclosures significantly increase the negative association between NAS purchases and effective audit committees. Collectively, our findings are consistent with mandated disclosures increasing agency cost incentives for limiting NAS purchases.

Data Availability: The data are available from public sources.
The Auditor's Going-Concern Opinion as a Communication of Risk
Authors: Blay Allen D. , Geiger Marshall A. , North David S.
Published: May 2011

In this study, we examine the proposition that the auditor's going-concern modified opinion is a valuable risk communication to the equity market that results in a shift of the market's perception of financially distressed firms. Specifically, our analyses reveal that the market valuation is significantly altered from a focus on both the income statement and balance sheet to a balance sheet-only focus in the year a company receives a first-time going-concern modified opinion. These results hold even after controlling for several common measures of financial distress and when examining a larger control sample of distressed firms. We also document that the market devalues a company's inventory and places increased weight on cash, receivables, and long-term assets and liabilities as a result of the auditor's modification. This indicates that the going-concern modification provides incremental information specifically related to abandonment or adaptation risk. Our results provide evidence that the market interprets the going-concern modified audit opinion as an important communication of risk that results in a substantial shift in the structure of the market valuation for distressed firms.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.

JEL Classifications: M41.
Fire the Big Box!?
Authors: Zeller Thomas L , Palzer Thomas J , Tressler Andrew D
Published: May 2011

Durable Glove, Inc. faces a common problem. The traditional reporting system does not capture a valid measure of customer profitability. The reporting structure no longer captures how customers consume resources differently throughout the value chain. Their value chain begins in Asia and ends at the United States (U.S.) retail storefront. Management is searching for a better reporting solution in their efforts to increase shareholders' value.

In this case, you make an important recommendation to Durable Glove's management. Should management decide to keep or to fire the Big Box retailer? You base the recommendation upon allocations and customer profitability reports that show how customers consume resources differently. The spreadsheet template1 that complements this case provides a structure for the allocations and reports. The completed reports capture an approximation of Durable Glove's customer profitability. You evaluate the reports and make a recommendation to improve Durable Glove's customer profitability, which focuses on keeping or firing the Big Box customer.
Generic Health Care Hospital: The Road to an Integrated Risk Management System
Authors: Burnaby Priscilla , Hass Susan , O'Reilly Anthony
Published: May 2011

Three related areas—Sarbanes-Oxley's requirements for control reports, COSO's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) suggested control structure, and the enterprise risk management process—need more classroom materials to demonstrate to students the importance of a cohesive risk analysis process and control system for an organization to be successful and competitive. This case requires students to understand the importance of risk management, the implementation of an internal control structure, and a controls review in a hospital setting for compliance and administration of Medicare and Medicaid costs. Although the facts of the case are based on professionals' consulting experiences, the hospital in the case is fictional and is a composite of many client engagements. This case is appropriate for an analysis for potential fraud, a Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) review of risks and internal controls, assessment of compliance with laws and regulations, and implementation of an enterprise-wide risk management system.
Evaluation of the effect of force direction on stationary anchorage success of mini-implant with a lever-arm–shaped upper structure
Authors: Park Ki-Ho , Lee Eun-Man , Shin Seung-il , Kim Seong-Hun , Park Young-Guk , Kim Su-Jung
Published: May 2011

Objective:

To compare the effect of clockwise and counterclockwise torque on the primary stability of a mini-implant with a lever-arm–shaped upper structure.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four white rabbits were used for this study. Two screw-type mini-implants were placed in each tibia. In all, 96 screws were inserted. Two weeks later, a 2-N force was applied to the mini-implants without an upper structure in eight rabbits (control group). The mini-implants of the other 16 rabbits were loaded with an upper structure (experimental group). In the experimental group, the two left mini-implants were loaded in a clockwise direction (CW group) and the two right implants were loaded in a counterclockwise direction (CCW group). The rabbits were sacrificed at 1 week or 8 weeks after loading in both control and experimental groups. The removal torque value (RTV) was measured in 15 of 16 mini-implants in each group and the remaining implant was processed for histologic examination.

Results:

At 1 week there were no significant differences in the mean RTV between the control, CW, and CCW groups. At 8 weeks, the RTV was higher in the control and experimental groups than in the respective 1-week groups. At 8 weeks, there were no significant differences in the RTV between the control and CW groups, but the CCW group showed a lower RTV.

Conclusions:

CCW torque can decrease the stability of a mini-implant, whereas a CW torque has no effect.
Mutations of the Same Conserved Glutamate Residue in NBD2 of the Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 Subunit of the KATP Channel Can Result in Either Hyperinsulinism or Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: Männikkö Roope , Flanagan Sarah E. , Sim Xiuli , Segal David , Hussain Khalid , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. , Ashcroft Frances M.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

Two novel mutations (E1506D, E1506G) in the nucleotide-binding domain 2 (NBD2) of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP channel) sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunit were detected heterozygously in patients with neonatal diabetes. A mutation at the same residue (E1506K) was previously shown to cause congenital hyperinsulinemia. We sought to understand why mutations at the same residue can cause either neonatal diabetes or hyperinsulinemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Neonatal diabetic patients were sequenced for mutations in ABCC8 (SUR1) and KCNJ11 (Kir6.2). Wild-type and mutant KATP channels were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and studied with electrophysiological methods.

RESULTS

Oocytes expressing neonatal diabetes mutant channels had larger resting whole-cell KATP currents than wild-type, consistent with the patients’ diabetes. Conversely, no E1506K currents were recorded at rest or after metabolic inhibition, as expected for a mutation causing hyperinsulinemia. KATP channels are activated by Mg-nucleotides (via SUR1) and blocked by ATP (via Kir6.2). All mutations decreased channel activation by MgADP but had little effect on MgATP activation, as assessed using an ATP-insensitive Kir6.2 subunit. Importantly, using wild-type Kir6.2, a 30-s preconditioning exposure to physiological MgATP concentrations (>300 µmol/L) caused a marked reduction in the ATP sensitivity of neonatal diabetic channels, a small decrease in that of wild-type channels, and no change for E1506K channels. This difference in MgATP inhibition may explain the difference in resting whole-cell currents found for the neonatal diabetes and hyperinsulinemia mutations.

CONCLUSIONS

Mutations in the same residue can cause either hyperinsulinemia or neonatal diabetes. Differentially altered nucleotide regulation by NBD2 of SUR1 can explain the respective clinical phenotypes.
Natural dualities between abelian categories
Authors: Pop Flaviu
Published: May 2011

In this paper we consider a pair of right adjoint contravariant functors between abelian categories and describe a family of dualities induced by them.
The “Wicked Problem” of Fiscal Equality for Women
Authors: Turnbull Lorna
Published: May 2011

Le présent article cherche à résoudre la question de l'inégalité économique des femmes à partir de la perspective de la théorie de la conception. Le concept des «problèmes pernicieux» qui a pour exemple paradigmatique, l'égalité des sexes, permet aux féministes d'examiner les multiples approches que nous avons adoptées dans le passé pour contrer les désavantages des femmes comme des éléments nécessaires et utiles dans la démarche menant à la résolution de l'inégalité. L'article passe en revue une diversité d'efforts au Manitoba, aussi bien que la mise au point de l'analyse fondée sur les genres par le Comité sur l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes, comme exemples des façons par lesquelles les féministes ont abordé les problèmes pernicieux depuis des décennies et conclut que nous devons continuer d'exiger que les gouvernements mettent en oeuvre des politiques qui peuvent aider le Canada à se rapprocher de cet idéal d'égalité.
Budget 2010 and the Universal Child Care Benefit: An Inquiry into the Gendered Nature of Childcare in Canada
Authors: Manu Vera
Published: May 2011

Le présent article discute des modifications, proposées dans le Budget 2010, du régime d'imposition de la Prestation universelle pour la garde d'enfants (PUGE) versée aux parents seuls. Puisque les parents seuls paient des impôts légèrement plus élevés sur la PUGE, ils recevront la possibilité, suivant ce projet de loi, de réduire ce paiement en trop d'au plus 168 $ par année. Le gouvernement a proposé cette modification pour s'assurer que l'imposition de la PUGE n'influencera pas négativement les choix de garde des familles monoparentales par opposition aux familles avec deux parents. L'auteure conclut qu'en dépit de l'objectif avoué d'atteindre une imposition égale pour les familles monoparentales, cette proposition va vraiment creuser le fossé entre les sexes puisque les mères célibataires recevront le moins d'avantages de la «petite monnaie» versée grâce à cette réduction d'impôt. De plus, l'auteure soutient que le fait de dépenser cinq millions de dollars pour un changement qui ne fournira qu'une aide modique aux mères célibataires ne réussit qu'à détourner des fonds du gouvernement ailleurs qu'à la création de garderies à prix modique pour les parents à faible revenu. Elle propose donc que le gouvernement fédéral renonce à la PUGE et redirige son coût annuel—2,5 milliards de dollars—en investissements directs dans des garderies pour les familles monoparentales et les familles à faible revenu.
Empty Promises: Why Income Splitting for the Disabled Community Is Nothing to Get Excited About
Authors: McCarney Carolyn M.
Published: May 2011

En se fondant sur des données concernant la composition des populations de personnes handicapées et d'aidants non rémunérés au Canada, le présent commentaire applique une analyse de politique sociale à multiples niveaux pour évaluer l'impact de la mesure législative proposée quant au fractionnement du revenu pour la communauté des personnes handicapées. Les résultats de cette analyse indiquent clairement qu'en dépit de leur grand nombre, tant au niveau fédéral que provincial et municipal, les mesures et incitatifs fiscaux en vigueur ne répondent pas, en règle générale, aux besoins de la communauté des personnes handicapées. De plus, une mesure fiscale liée au handicap permettant le fractionnement du revenu aura, de fait, un effet préjudiciable sur la société canadienne. En renforçant des rôles traditionnels qui ne correspondent plus à la réalité tout en refusant de fournir un appui quelconque aux Canadiennes et aux Canadiens sans revenu ou disposant uniquement d'un faible revenu, aux autochtones et aux autres groupes marginalisés, une telle mesure semble dénuée de sens au regard d'une perspective de politique budgétaire réaliste. Pour venir en aide aux communautés de personnes handicapées et aux aidants non rémunérés au Canada, il serait préférable, au contraire, d'améliorer et d'équilibrer les mécanismes fiscaux déjà en vigueur en y ajoutant de nouvelles mesures de politique sociale, y compris la mise en place d'un régime national de soins à domicile en vertu de la Loi canadienne sur la santé.
Goodbye Wishes: Big-Bold-Better Professional Canvas
Authors: Yunus Emran Bin
Published: May 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7726 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):1-3
Effect of Hypertension in Pregnancy on Birth Weight
Authors: Khatun Khodeza , Chowdhury SB , Sharmin Farzana , Yasmin Nahid , Islam Sabiha , Momin Afzal
Published: May 2011

Key Words: hypertension; birth weight; low birth weight; pregnancyDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7732 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):21-24
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in adult Disadvantageous Population
Authors: Huda M Nurul , Alam Kazi Shahnoor , Ur-Rashid Haran , Alam M Rafiqul , Rahman M Habibur , Selim Shahidul Islam
Published: May 2011

Key words: CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease); DM (Diabetes mellitus); HTN (Hypertension); BMI (Body Mass Index); C-G (Cockcroft-Gault) formula; MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equationDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7733 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):25-29
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Female: A Review on Recent Update
Authors: Siddiqua Shamima , Akther Rowshan , Alam Md Mahbub
Published: May 2011

Key words: Pelvic floor dysfunction; urogynaecology; stress urinary incontinence (SUI); pelvic organ prolapse (POP); overactive bladder (OAB); urodynamic studies (UDS)DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7736 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):35-40
Tuberculoma of the Brain: 3 Case Reports
Authors: Islam Kazi Ashraful , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Alam Syeda Tabassume , Asaduzzaman Khondoker , Islam Md Ridwanul
Published: May 2011

Key words: Tuberculoma; children; case reportDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7737 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):41-43
Residential Field Site Training Programme Abstracts: 49th Batch, Session: 2006-2007, 4th year MBBS Students, CMC
Authors: Editor The
Published: May 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7740 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):50-53
Long-Lasting Effects of Undernutrition
Authors: Martins Vinicius J. B. , Toledo Florêncio Telma M. M. , Grillo Luciane P. , Do Carmo P. Franco Maria , Martins Paula A. , Clemente Ana Paula G. , Santos Carla D. L. , Vieira Maria de Fatima A. , Sawaya Ana Lydia
Published: May 2011

Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower fat oxidation, lower resting and postprandial energy expenditure, insulin resistance in adulthood, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a reduced capacity for manual work, among other impairments. Marked changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system have been described in undernourished experimental animals. Some of these effects seem to be epigenetic, passing on to the next generation. Undernutrition in children has been linked to poor mental development and school achievement as well as behavioural abnormalities. However, there is still a debate in the literature regarding whether some of these effects are permanent or reversible. Stunted children who had experienced catch-up growth had verbal vocabulary and quantitative test scores that did not differ from children who were not stunted. Children treated before 6 years of age in day-hospitals and who recovered in weight and height have normal body compositions, bone mineral densities and insulin production and sensitivity.
Microstructural and Process Characterization of Conductive Traces Printed from Ag Particulate Inks
Authors: Roberson David A. , Wicker Ryan B. , Murr Lawrence E. , Church Ken , MacDonald Eric
Published: May 2011

Conductive inks are key enablers for the use of printing techniques in the fabrication of electronic systems. Focus on the understanding of aspects controlling the electrical performance of conductive ink is paramount. A comparison was made between microparticle Ag inks and an Ag nanoparticle ink. The microstructures resulting from thermal cure processes were characterized morphologically and also in terms of their effect on the resistivity of printed traces. For microparticle inks, the variability of resistivity measurements between samples as defined by coefficient of variation (CV) was greater than 0.1 when the resistivity was 10 to 50 times that of bulk Ag. When the resistivity was lower (~1.4 times that of bulk Ag) the CV of sample sets was less than 0.1. In the case of the nanoparticle ink, resistivity was found to decrease by a factor ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 after doubling the amount of layers printed prior to curing though it was expected to remain the same. Increasing the amount of layers printed also enhanced the sintering process.
Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds for Stem Cell Transplantation in Retinal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yao Jing , Tao Sarah L. , Young Michael J.
Published: May 2011

Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are two leading causes of irreversible blindness characterized by photoreceptor loss. Cell transplantation may be one of the most promising approaches of retinal repair. However, several problems hinder the success of retinal regeneration, including cell delivery and survival, limited cell integration and incomplete cell differentiation. Recent studies show that polymer scaffolds can address these three problems. This article reviews the current literature on synthetic polymer scaffolds used for stem cell transplantation, especially retinal progenitor cells. The advantages and disadvantages of different polymer scaffolds, the role of different surface modifications on cell attachment and differentiation, and controlled drug delivery are discussed. The development of material and surface modification techniques is vital in making cell transplantation a clinical success.
Integrated Landsat Image Analysis and Hydrologic Modeling to Detect Impacts of 25-Year Land-Cover Change on Surface Runoff in a Philippine Watershed
Authors: Santillan Jojene , Makinano Meriam , Paringit Enrico
Published: May 2011

Landsat MSS and ETM+ images were analyzed to detect 25-year land-cover change (1976–2001) in the critical Taguibo Watershed in Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines. This watershed has experienced historical modifications of its land-cover due to the presence of logging industries in the 1950s, and continuous deforestation due to illegal logging and slash-and-burn agriculture in the present time. To estimate the impacts of land-cover change on watershed runoff, land-cover information derived from the Landsat images was utilized to parameterize a GIS-based hydrologic model. The model was then calibrated with field-measured discharge data and used to simulate the responses of the watershed in its year 2001 and year 1976 land-cover conditions. The availability of land-cover information on the most recent state of the watershed from the Landsat ETM+ image made it possible to locate areas for rehabilitation such as barren and logged-over areas. We then created a “rehabilitated” land-cover condition map of the watershed (re-forestation of logged-over areas and agro-forestation of barren areas) and used it to parameterize the model and predict the runoff responses of the watershed. Model results showed that changes in land-cover from 1976 to 2001 were directly related to the significant increase in surface runoff. Runoff predictions showed that a full rehabilitation of the watershed, especially in barren and logged-over areas, will be likely to reduce the generation of a huge volume of runoff during rainfall events. The results of this study have demonstrated the usefulness of multi-temporal Landsat images in detecting land-cover change, in identifying areas for rehabilitation, and in evaluating rehabilitation strategies for management of tropical watersheds through its use in hydrologic modeling.
Wearable and Implantable Wireless Sensor Network Solutions for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: May 2011

Wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies are considered one of the key research areas in computer science and the healthcare application industries for improving the quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to provide a snapshot of current developments and future direction of research on wearable and implantable body area network systems for continuous monitoring of patients. This paper explains the important role of body sensor networks in medicine to minimize the need for caregivers and help the chronically ill and elderly people live an independent life, besides providing people with quality care. The paper provides several examples of state of the art technology together with the design considerations like unobtrusiveness, scalability, energy efficiency, security and also provides a comprehensive analysis of the various benefits and drawbacks of these systems. Although offering significant benefits, the field of wearable and implantable body sensor networks still faces major challenges and open research problems which are investigated and covered, along with some proposed solutions, in this paper.
Identifications à l'autre différent et projections déshumanisantes
Authors: André-Fustier Francine
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le bébé se construit en différenciant l’environnement humain et l’environnement non humain (minéral, végétal, animal) grâce à un environnement primaire suffisamment bon, c’est-à-dire suffisamment stable et en continuité avec ses besoins. En cas de rupture dans cet environnement (troubles somatiques graves, hospitalisations) le bébé tente de rester en contact avec des éléments non humains de son environnement, ce qui engendre des pathologies graves entraînant une dé-différenciation animé/inanimé ou humain/non humain. Il importe que l’entourage, à qui le bébé transmet ses angoisses, ne l’enferme pas dans ses manifestations animales ou plus généralement non humaines.
Grasping et casting, des modalités du lien à l'intérieur d'un couple
Authors: Bianchini Barbara , Dallanegra Laura , Vitalini Lidia
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans ce travail, les auteurs essayent d’approfondir la théorisation de A. Ferro concernant d’une part le grasping , réflexe primaire d’agrippement propre à notre espèce, et d’autre part le casting , tentative d’exprimer des parties muettes ou clivées, à travers une recherche de personnages adaptés pour jouer un rôle. Ces deux aspects peuvent aider à comprendre comment se forme et comment fonctionne une relation de couple. Le choix du partenaire peut renvoyer au casting , autrement dit à la tentative, en formant un couple avec une autre personne, de donner une voix à des parties muettes ou à des aspects non développés ou clivés de la personnalité. La maturation des individus au sein d’un couple peut-elle se faire par la renonciation, dans la limite du possible, à l’agrippement (grasping) à ce qui est déjà connu ? Peut-elle se faire grâce à la reconnaissance de la subjectivité de l’autre et grâce à un plus grand contact avec des zones inexplorées de notre personnalité, comme dans une tentative de donner une voix à de nouveaux personnages, en étant des « metteurs en scène » plus conscients ? Enfin, la thérapie psychanalytique de couple peut-elle aider à cette opération de partielle intégration d’aspects clivés, pour conduire à une plus grande capacité d’être en relation avec l’autre ? À travers des réflexions et des exemples cliniques le travail approfondit ces hypothèses.
L'espace familial et sa rupture : entre rêves et souvenirs
Authors: Mandelbaum Belinda
Published: May 2011

Résumé Partant de perspectives philosophiques et anthropologiques, puis psychanalytiques, l’auteur aborde la question de la maison familiale à laquelle elle confère un statut révélateur des mouvements psychiques qui traversent la famille et de la structure même de la famille, incluant les liens intergénérationnels, leur différenciation et leur possible régression dé-différenciatrice.
Les modèles de management : une étude exploratoire des discours des organisations
Authors: Bensebaa Faouzi , Autissier David
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cette recherche étudie les questions majeures traitées par les modèles de management et la façon dont les organisations les opérationnalisent. Méthodologiquement, le travail mené s’appuie sur l’analyse de onze modèles de management au moyen de données secondaires. Les résultats obtenus laissent entendre que les modèles de management constituent un outil d’organizing, fondé sur quatre variables clés - l’implication des individus ; la recherche de performance ; les valeurs et les principes éthiques ; l’expertise du métier - reflétant la combinaison des approches axées sur le management scientifique, les relations humaines et la structure, ainsi que celles fondées sur la légitimité et la normalisation.
Vygostki, la carriérologie profane et le succès de carrière
Authors: Pralong Jean
Published: May 2011

Résumé La littérature sur les carrières est largement organisée autour de l’opposition entre carrières subjectives et carrières objectives. Les travaux de ceux qui, depuis Vygotski, ont pris l’activité comme unité molaire d’analyse, permettent de dépasser cette opposition et d’analyser comment les individus se sont appropriés les transformations en cours pour saisir quelles sont les logiques qui les animent. Grâce à l’examen d’extraits de 21 cas, ce texte propose de définir et d’illustrer la notion de « carriérologie profane » et ses relations avec l’activité et la subjectivité. Il mobilise et décrit la technique des événements critiques de carrière. Elle permet d’observer la carriérologie profane au ras de l’activité et de comprendre comment les sujets la mobilisent. Elle rend possible l’analyse de l’entremêlement du travail et de la carrière ou des enjeux subjectifs et objectifs des parcours. Elle ouvre un accès, enfin, aux moments de développement et à leurs ressources.
Une approche instrumentale des indicateurs de performance
Authors: Derujinsky-Laguecir Aziza , Kern Anja , Lorino Philippe
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’analyse de l’utilisation des outils du contrôle de gestion est généralement fondée sur des cadres théoriques représentationnels. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un courant de remise en cause de ces cadres. Elle propose de considérer un outil du contrôle de gestion particulier, les indicateurs de performance (IP), dans une perspective interprétative. La théorie de l’activité est mobilisée pour proposer un modèle instrumental des IP. Les résultats de l’étude de cas mettent en évidence un processus d’appropriation des IP par les acteurs, reposant sur le concept de médiation. Cela conduit à repenser le rôle des IP dans une dynamique collective et leur contribution au pilotage et à la maîtrise des comportements.
De la socialisation du consommateur à la participation aux activités de consommation : apports de la psychologie socio-historique et culturelle
Authors: de La Ville Valérie-Inès , Tartas Valérie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article propose une analyse critique des perspectives utilisées dans la recherche en marketing pour modéliser le processus de socialisation des consommateurs. Pour pallier certaines limites inhérentes à ces approches, quelques fondements clés de la psychologie culturelle sont discutés afin d’éclairer la notion de participation à des activités conjointes de consommation et souligner que, dans le développement des compétences du consommateur, l’interaction avec autrui joue un rôle central, et que ce développement dépend de la transformation d’éléments institutionnels qui légitiment une culture de consommation historiquement située.
E-tourisme, innovation et modes d'organisation
Authors: Gallouj Camal , Leroux Erick
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’innovation dans le tourisme est souvent assimilée à l’introduction de TIC. Dès lors, beaucoup de travaux se focalisent sur les impacts de cette introduction sur les différentes dimensions de l’organisation touristique. Nous montrons ici que ces réflexions en termes d’impacts sont trop restrictives et nous envisageons d’autres types de relations (de substitution, de détermination, d’identité, de diffusion ou encore de production). Enfin dans une dernière étape, nous analysons en détail les différentes modalités d’organisation de l’innovation et du processus d’innovation dans les activités touristiques.
Quel Business Model et performance pour les banques par Internet ?
Authors: Sahut Jean-Michel , Lantz Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2011

Résumé Internet n’est pas seulement un nouveau canal de distribution pour l’industrie financière car il favorise l’apparition de nouveaux modèles d’affaires inhérents aux technologies utilisées sur ce réseau (electronic business models) comme les banques par Internet. En dépit de leur fort potentiel de développement, on constate que globalement la percée de ce type de banque reste faible et leurs résultats financiers modestes. L’objectif de cet article est donc d’analyser le modèle d’affaires (business model) des banques par Internet pour déterminer si il est plus performant que celui des banques traditionnelles de réseau.
Les groupes pétroliers des pays émergents, de nouveaux acteurs économiques et politiques sur la scène internationale
Authors: Lafargue François
Published: May 2011

Résumé En deux décennies, les entreprises pétrolière et gazière des pays émergents, comme Petrobras, SINOPEC ou ONGC sont devenues des acteurs essentiels de l’économie internationale. Leur présence et leur influence en Afrique, en Amérique latine ou en Asie centrale fragilisent les intérêts des États-Unis et de l’Union européenne. Une réflexion est nécessaire pour mesurer les risques en termes de sécurité énergétique que représente cette profonde évolution.
Le pétrole du Moyen-Orient est-il géo- politiquement si précieux ? Réflexions autour d'une contestable centralité économique, stratégique et énergétique
Authors: Encel Frédéric
Published: May 2011

Résumé Il est communément admis que le pétrole du Moyen-Orient constitue l’un des grands enjeux géopolitiques internationaux. Est-ce si évident ? En scrutant sérieusement les grandes évolutions du monde depuis le début du XXè siècle, on s’aperçoit que l’or noir abondant de cette région instable ne fut que rarement l’objectif d’Etats prédateurs, et presque jamais le moteur des tensions et des guerres internes que connut le Moyen-Orient. En outre, la concurrence non seulement des ressources pétrolières d’autres zones mais aussi des produits énergétiques alternatifs, pourrait à terme rendre moins décisif encore le précieux liquide de cette région.
Le développement énergétique en Turquie : quels effets en attendre ?
Authors: Schalck Christophe
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’objet de cette étude est d’identifier la problématique énergétique en Turquie et d’analyser les conséquences sur son économie. L’étude se base sur une analyse couvrant la période 1960-2007. L’article montre un risque économique du fait d’une relation entre la consommation énergétique et le revenu national. Il montre que la position de « hub » a un enjeu géopolitique et économique puisqu’elle est un élément moteur pour l’industrie même si cela implique une disparité régionale.
Network Economics : Developing and Implementing Renewable Energy Programs
Authors: Jones Amy C. , Cartwright Phillip A.
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article montre que l’économie des réseaux constitue un cadre approprié pour la compréhension et l’analyse des cas de succès ou d’échec de diffusion d’énergies renouvelables. L’économie des réseaux est utilisée pour décrire l’impact des politiques visant le développement des énergies renouvelables en Allemagne sur la période 1991-2007. L’article conclue sur la nécessité d’une coordination formelle internationale qui soutiendrait le développement des énergies renouvelables.
Evidence thatCd101Is an Autoimmune Diabetes Gene in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Rainbow Daniel B. , Moule Carolyn , Fraser Heather I. , Clark Jan , Howlett Sarah K. , Burren Oliver , Christensen Mikkel , Moody Val , Steward Charles A. , Mohammed Javid P. , Fusakio Michael E. , Masteller Emma L. , Finger Erik B. , Houchins J. P. , Naf Dieter , Koentgen Frank , Ridgway William M. , Todd John A. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Peterson Laurence B. , Mattner Jochen , Wicker Linda S.
Published: May 2011

We have previously proposed that sequence variation of the CD101 gene between NOD and C57BL/6 mice accounts for the protection from type 1 diabetes (T1D) provided by the insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility region 10 (Idd10), a <1 Mb region on mouse chromosome 3. In this study, we provide further support for the hypothesis that Cd101 is Idd10 using haplotype and expression analyses of novel Idd10 congenic strains coupled to the development of a CD101 knockout mouse. Susceptibility to T1D was correlated with genotype-dependent CD101 expression on multiple cell subsets, including Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and Gr1+ myeloid cells. The correlation of CD101 expression on immune cells from four independent Idd10 haplotypes with the development of T1D supports the identity of Cd101 as Idd10. Because CD101 has been associated with regulatory T and Ag presentation cell functions, our results provide a further link between immune regulation and susceptibility to T1D.
Netting Neutrophils Induce Endothelial Damage, Infiltrate Tissues, and Expose Immunostimulatory Molecules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Villanueva Eneida , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Berthier Celine C. , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Khandpur Ritika , Lin Andrew M. , Rubin Cory J. , Zhao Wenpu , Olsen Stephen H. , Klinker Matthew , Shealy David , Denny Michael F. , Plumas Joel , Chaperot Laurence , Kretzler Matthias , Bruce Allen T. , Kaplan Mariana J.
Published: May 2011

An abnormal neutrophil subset has been identified in the PBMC fractions from lupus patients. We have proposed that these low-density granulocytes (LDGs) play an important role in lupus pathogenesis by damaging endothelial cells and synthesizing increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. To directly establish LDGs as a distinct neutrophil subset, their gene array profiles were compared with those of autologous normal-density neutrophils and control neutrophils. LDGs significantly overexpress mRNA of various immunostimulatory bactericidal proteins and alarmins, relative to lupus and control neutrophils. In contrast, gene profiles of lupus normal-density neutrophils do not differ from those of controls. LDGs have heightened capacity to synthesize neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs), which display increased externalization of bactericidal, immunostimulatory proteins, and autoantigens, including LL-37, IL-17, and dsDNA. Through NETosis, LDGs have increased capacity to kill endothelial cells and to stimulate IFN-α synthesis by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Affected skin and kidneys from lupus patients are infiltrated by netting neutrophils, which expose LL-37 and dsDNA. Tissue NETosis is associated with increased anti-dsDNA in sera. These results expand the potential pathogenic roles of aberrant lupus neutrophils and suggest that dysregulation of NET formation and its subsequent responses may play a prominent deleterious role.