bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience to capsaicin-induced mitochondrial damage in trigeminal ganglion neurons
Authors: Shibata Mamoru , Kayama Yohei , Takizawa Tsubasa , Ibata Keiji , Shimizu Toshihiko , Yuzaki Michisuke , Suzuki Norihiro , Nakahara Jin
Published: September 2020

Capsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Strong TRPV1 stimulation with capsaicin causes mitochondrial damage in primary sensory neurons. However, the effect of repetitive and moderate exposure to capsaicin on the integrity of neuronal mitochondria remains largely unknown. Our electron microscopic analysis revealed that repetitive stimulation of the facial skin of mice with 10 mM capsaicin induced short-term damage to the mitochondria in small-sized trigeminal ganglion neurons. Further, capsaicin-treated mice exhibited decreased sensitivity to noxious heat stimulation, indicating TRPV1 dysfunction, in parallel with the mitochondrial damage in the trigeminal ganglion neurons. To analyze the capsaicin-induced mitochondrial damage and its relevant cellular events in detail, we performed cell-based assays using TRPV1-expressing PC12 cells. Dose-dependent capsaicin-mediated mitochondrial toxicity was observed. High doses of capsaicin caused rapid destruction of mitochondrial internal structure, while low doses induced mitochondrial swelling. Further, capsaicin induced a dose-dependent loss of mitochondria and autophagy-mediated degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy). Concomitantly, transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, Mic60/Mitofilin, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 was observed, which implied induction of mitochondrial biogenesis to compensate for the loss of mitochondria. Collectively, although trigeminal ganglion neurons transiently exhibit mitochondrial damage and TRPV1 dysfunction following moderate capsaicin exposure, they appear to be resilient to such a challenge. Our in vitro data show a dose–response relationship in capsaicin-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. We postulate that induction of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to capsaicin stimulation play important roles in repairing the damaged mitochondrial system.
Audit of routine preoperative blood test requests for patients undergoing elective breast surgery: Less is more
Authors: Jones Stacey , Achuthan Rajgopal , Ooi Shiwei , Kim Baek
Published: September 2020

In 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence updated guidelines on preoperative blood tests for elective surgery; with failure of adherence having implications for both patients and healthcare providers. A local audit was performed on 919 patients undergoing elective breast surgery that determined compliance and the financial implications of performing inappropriate preoperative blood tests against the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline. Initial findings of an unacceptable quantity of inappropriate blood tests led to the education of the pre-assessment clinic staff regarding the guidelines along with the development of a poster to guide the ordering of appropriate tests. A re-audit of 451 patients assessed impact of interventions which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of blood tests requested with a 71% reduction in financial expenditure. The blood tests considered inappropriate in both the initial and re-audit did not add any relevant clinical information and abnormal results did not alter the clinical course of the patient.
Treatment patterns and achievement of the treat-to-target goals in a real-life rheumatoid arthritis patient cohort: data from 1317 patients
Authors: Thomas Konstantinos , Lazarini Argiro , Kaltsonoudis Evripidis , Drosos Alexandros , Papalopoulos Ioannis , Sidiropoulos Prodromos , Tsatsani Panagiota , Gazi Sousana , Pantazi Lina , Boki Kyriaki A. , Katsimbri Pelagia , Boumpas Dimitrios , Fragkiadaki Kalliopi , Tektonidou Maria , Sfikakis Petros P. , Karagianni Konstantina , Sakkas Lazaros I. , Grika Eleftheria P. , Vlachoyiannopoulos Panagiotis G. , Evangelatos Gerasimos , Iliopoulos Alexios , Dimitroulas Theodoros , Garyfallos Alexandros , Melissaropoulos Konstantinos , Georgiou Panagiotis , Areti Maria , Georganas Constantinos , Vounotrypidis Periklis , Kitas George D. , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios
Published: September 2020

Background:

Data regarding the real-life predictors of low disease activity (LDA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are limited. Our aim was to evaluate the rate and predictors of LDA and treatment patterns in RA.

Methods:

This was a multicenter, prospective, RA cohort study where patients were evaluated in two different time points approximately 12 months apart. Statistical analysis was performed in order to identify predictors of LDA while patterns of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug [DMARDs; conventional synthetic (csDMARD) or biologic (bDMARD)] and glucocorticoid (GC) use were also recorded.

Results:

The total number of patients included was 1317 (79% females, mean age: 62.9 years, mean disease duration: 10.3 years). After 1 year, 57% had achieved LDA (DAS28ESR<3.2) while 43% did not (34%: moderate disease activity: DAS28ESR ⩾3.2 to <5.1, 9%: high disease activity, DAS28ESR ⩾5.1). By multivariate analysis, male sex was positively associated with LDA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29 p < 0.001] whereas advanced age (OR = 0.98, p = 0.005), high Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score (OR = 0.57, p < 0.001), use of GCs (OR = 0.75, p = 0.037) or ⩾2 bDMARDs (OR = 0.61, p = 0.002), high co-morbidity index (OR = 0.86, p = 0.011) and obesity (OR = 0.62, p = 0.002) were negative predictors of LDA. During follow-up, among active patients (DAS28ESR >3.2), 21% initiated (among csDMARDs users) and 22% switched (among bDMARDs users) their bDMARDs.

Conclusion:

In a real-life RA cohort, during 1 year of follow-up, 43% of patients do not reach treatment targets while only ~20% of those with active RA started or switched their bDMARDs. Male sex, younger age, lower HAQ, body mass index and co-morbidity index were independent factors associated with LDA while use of GCs or ⩾2 bDMARDs were negative predictors.
Crisis and organizing anti-capitalist consciousness in the aftermath of COVID-19
Authors: Latham Robert
Published: September 2020

For leftists, the “COVID crisis” reveals and intensifies the conditions of exploitation and oppression under capitalism. Can a meaningful movement of workers and the oppressed arise, especially if a longer economic crisis unfolds? Making more visible or intense does not automatically translate into awakening. This essay examines the possibilities for substantial, sustained anti-capitalist organization, given the limits and complexities of worker consciousness. It points to a vicious circle: the absence of widespread anti-capitalist consciousness to populate substantial organizations; the absence of substantial organizations to help foster anti-capitalist consciousness. It suggests a way out via methods and strategies that are appropriate to the “COVID moment.”
Rationale and design of the expanded combination of evolocumab plus empagliflozin in diabetes: EXCEED-BHS3 trial
Authors: Breder Ikaro , Cunha Breder Jessica , Bonilha Isabella , Munhoz Daniel B. , Medorima Sheila T. Kimura , Oliveira Daniela C. , Carmo Helison R. do , Moreira Camila , Kontush Anatol , Zimetti Francesca , Zanotti Ilaria , Carvalho Luiz Sergio F. , Nadruz Wilson , Muscelli Elza , Quinaglia Thiago , Sposito Andrei C. ,   on behalf of EXCEED-BHS3 Trial Investigator
Published: September 2020

Background:

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain at increased cardiovascular residual risk and endothelial dysfunction, even after optimizing metabolic control and treatment by sodium-glucose-2 transporter inhibitors (SGLT2-is). The present study was based on the hypothesis that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) therapy may mitigate endothelial dysfunction in T2DM patients who are on regular treatment by SGLT2-i.

Methods:

The EXCEED-BHS3 is a prospective, single-center, investigator-blinded, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Participants ( n = 110) will be randomized (1:1) to either empagliflozin 25 mg/day alone or empagliflozin 25 mg/day plus evolocumab 140 mg every 2 weeks in addition to optimal medical care. The primary endpoint was defined as the change in the 1-min flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after 16 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoint is the FMD change after ischemia/reperfusion injury protocol (reserve FMD) after 16 weeks of treatment. Exploratory outcomes comprise the change in FMD and reserve FMD after 8 weeks of treatment and the change after 16 weeks of treatment in the following parameters: plasma levels of nitric oxide, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and isoprostane, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein subfractions profile, HDL function, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference and adipokines.

Conclusion:

This will be the first study to evaluate the add-on effect of PCSK9i on endothelial function of T2DM patients under regular use of empagliflozin.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03932721
A Rights-Based Approach to Trustworthy AI in Social Media
Authors: Lewis Dave , Moorkens Joss
Published: September 2020

Social media platforms increasingly use powerful artificial intelligence (AI) that are fed by the vast flows of digital content that may be used to analyze user behavior, mental state, and physical context. New forms of AI-generated content and AI-driven virtual agents present new forms of risks in social media use, the harm of which will be difficult to predict. Delivering trustworthy social media will therefore be increasingly predicated on effectively governing the trustworthiness of its AI components. In this article, we examine different approaches to the governance AI and the Big Data processing that drives it being explored. We identify a potential over-reliance on individual rights at the expense of consideration of collective rights. In response, we propose a collective approach to AI data governance grounded in a legal proposal for universal, non-exclusive data ownership right. We use the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to explore the relative costs and benefits on stakeholders in two use cases, one focused on digital content consumers the other focused on digital content knowledge workers. Following an analysis that looks at self-regulation and industry-state co-regulation, we propose governance through shared data ownership. In this way, future social media platforms may be able to maintain trust in their use of AI by committing to no datafication without representation.
The Relationship Between Lateral Femoral Anatomic Structures and the Femoral Tunnel Outlet in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Transportal Technique: A 3-Dimensional Simulation Analysis
Authors: Chung Kwangho , Choi Chong Hyuk , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Sung-Jae , Do Woosung , Jung Min
Published: September 2020

Background:

The relationship between the lateral femoral anatomic structures and femoral tunnel outlet according to changes in knee flexion and transverse drill angle during femoral tunnel creation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate the relationships between the lateral femoral anatomic structures and femoral tunnel outlet according to various knee flexion and transverse drill angles and to determine appropriate angles at which to minimize possible damage to the lateral femoral anatomic structures.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Simulation of ACL reconstruction was conducted using a 3-dimensional reconstructed knee model from the knees of 30 patients. Femoral tunnels were created using combinations of 4 knee flexion and 3 transverse drill angles. Distances between the femoral tunnel outlet and lateral femoral anatomic structures (minimum safe distance, 12 mm), tunnel length, and tunnel wall breakage were assessed.

Results:

Knee flexion and transverse drill angles independently affected distances between the femoral tunnel outlet and lateral femoral anatomic structures. As knee flexion angle increased, the distance to the lateral collateral ligament, lateral epicondyle, and popliteal tendon decreased, whereas the distance to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius increased ( P < .001). As the transverse drill angle decreased, distances to all lateral femoral anatomic structures increased ( P < .001). Considering safe distance, 120°, 130°, or 140° of knee flexion and maximum transverse drill angle (MTA) could damage the lateral collateral ligament; 130° or 140° of knee flexion and MTA could damage the lateral epicondyle; and 110° or 120° of knee flexion and MTA could damage the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Tunnel wall breakage occurred under the conditions of MTA – 10° or MTA – 20° with 110° of knee flexion and MTA – 20° with 120° of knee flexion.

Conclusion:

Approximately 120° of knee flexion with MTA – 10° and 130° or 140° of knee flexion with MTA – 20° or MTA – 10° could be recommended to prevent damage to the lateral femoral anatomic structures, secure adequate tunnel length, and avoid tunnel wall breakage.

Clinical Relevance:

Knee flexion angle and transverse drill angle may affect femoral tunnel creation, but thorough studies are lacking. Our findings may help surgeons obtain a stable femoral tunnel while preventing damage to the lateral femoral anatomic structures.
Driving Employee Engagement through CSR Communication and Employee Perceived Motives: The Role of CSR-Related Social Media Engagement and Job Engagement
Authors: Jiang Hua , Luo Yi
Published: September 2020

Employee engagement and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are two important issues attracting an increasing amount of attention from both business communication researchers and practitioners. A theory-driven model that (1) conceptualizes employee engagement as social media engagement, job engagement, and organizational engagement, and (2) explicates how they are related to an organization’s CSR communication strategies and employee perceived CSR motives is still lacking. To place our study in the context of CSR and business communication, we proposed a strategies-motives-employee engagement model. Results from an online Qualtrics survey (n = 836) supported all our hypotheses except for the direct link between interacting CSR communication strategies and employee organizational engagement. We conducted a two-step Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis to test all our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed.
Teams That Innovate: The Language of Difference-Driven Inquiry at the Workplace
Authors: Moreau Craig
Published: September 2020

Leveraging a team’s diverse perspectives can be a powerful way to foster team innovation. A common approach to leverage team differences involves tool-based approaches, including brainstorming, mind-mapping, and whiteboarding. However, the effective use of ideational tools as a means to innovation often assumes high levels of team cohesion and productivity—dynamics that may not be safe to assume, especially in teams with high levels of diversity. This study investigates how workplace teams at a Biotech company use discourse to innovate, and in doing so, instantiate a larger rhetorical practice known as difference-driven inquiry.
The Race That Space Makes: The Power of Place in the Colonial Formation of Social Categorizations
Authors: LaFleur Jennifer
Published: September 2020

The author takes a social argument—that spaces can be racialized—and asks whether the directionality of the association between space and race reflects a limitation of extant scholarship and an underlaying commitment to race as a social terminus. In response to David Delany’s 2002 articulation of how race constructs space, the author offers an inversion of this line of thinking. The author argues that the dominant view among social scientists is that space takes the position of a dependent variable whose constitution is predicted on a series of independent variables, including race. An intellectual commitment to questioning the ontological status of race requires, however, a purposeful flip in the typical causal assumptions about the relationship between race and space. Informed by racial formation theory and Henri Lefebvre’s conceptualization of spatial practice, representations of space, and representational space, the author argues that racialization is tightly tethered to the production of knowledge about space. Instead of asking how race creates space, the author questions the ontological status of race itself by providing a theoretical argument that racialization is predicated upon understandings of space. Specifically, the author presents theoretical scaffolding that may be used by future researchers to explore how space creates race and racial categories.
Sports activity participation after curved periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiki , Takahira Naonobu , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Fukushima Kensuke , Moriya Mitsutoshi , Shibuya Manaka , Tsuda Kouji , Tozaki Kiyoshi , Kudo Sho , Kaneda Hiroaki , Sekita Junya , Takaso Masashi
Published: September 2020

Background

Curved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) was developed to treat acetabular dysplasia. Given that CPO can improve physical function in the early post-operative period, patients might be able to participate in sports activities post-operatively. Therefore, this study examined the post-operative sports activity participation and characteristics of acetabular dysplasia patients who have undergone CPO.

Methods

A total of 52 patients who underwent CPO for acetabular dysplasia were given a questionnaire on pre- and post-operative sports activities; 43 patients responded. We surveyed patients’ sports activities, satisfaction, and physical function. Patients were divided according to whether they participated in sports activities after CPO. Physical function was compared before and after CPO.

Results

The pre- and post-operative sports activity participation rates were 55.8 and 72.1%, respectively. Patients mostly performed low-impact sports activities. Moreover, patients who participated in sports activities post-operatively had smaller pre-operative range of motion of hip flexion and returned to full weight bearing earlier.

Conclusions

Among acetabular dysplasia patients who underwent CPO, 72.1% participated in sports activities post-operatively. Post-operatively, patients participated not only in low-impact sports activities, but also in high-impact ones. These findings might be useful for advising patients who are concerned about participating in sports activities after CPO.
Correction to: Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas
Authors: Zhang Hao , Fan Fan , Yu Yuanqiang , Wang Zeyu , Liu Fangkun , Dai Ziyu , Zhang Liyang , Liu Zhixiong , Cheng Quan
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with pathogenic somatic mutations and absence of detectable clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement: two case reports
Authors: Rojansky Rebecca , Fernandez-Pol Sebastian , Wang Erica , Rieger Kerri E. , Novoa Roberto A. , Zehnder James L. , Kunder Christian A. , Kim Youn H. , Khodadoust Michael S. , Brown Ryanne A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas for which diagnosis can be challenging given the potential for overlap with inflammatory dermatoses. Current diagnostic criteria for CTCL incorporate clinical and histopathologic findings as well as results of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene sequencing. Molecular interrogation of TCR genes, TRG and TRB, has proven to be a critical tool for confirming diagnoses of CTCL and for disease tracking after initiation of therapy or after stem cell transplant. Methods for confirming a diagnosis of lymphoma in the absence of TCR gene clonality are lacking. We present two patients with CTCL with pathogenic somatic mutations in the absence of TRG and TRB clonality.

Case presentations

Case 1: A 38-year-old male had a 19-year history of a diffuse skin rash with papulosquamous, granulomatous, and verrucous features and progressive ulcerated plaques and tumors demonstrating an atypical CD4+ T-cell infiltrate with expression of cytotoxic markers CD56, TIA-1, granzyme, and perforin on histopathology. No definitive evidence for T-cell clonality was detected by conventional PCR of 6 biopsies or by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 14 biopsies. Somatic mutational profiling of a skin biopsy revealed pathogenic mutations in PIKC3D and TERT promoter hotspots, confirming the presence of a clonal process. Case 2: A 69-year-old male with a 13-year history of progressive, diffuse hypertrophic and eroded plaques showed an atypical CD4+ T-cell infiltrate with subset expression of TIA-1 and granzyme on histopathology. No TCR clonality was detected by TCR-NGS of 6 biopsies. Somatic mutational profiling of a skin biopsy detected a pathogenic mutation in TP53, confirming the presence of a clonal process.

Conclusions

These cases highlight how detection of pathogenic somatic mutations can confirm a diagnosis of lymphoma in a clinically and histopathologically suspicious cutaneous lymphoid proliferation without detectable TCR clonality.
Combination of plasma amyloid beta(1-42/1-40) and glial fibrillary acidic protein strongly associates with cerebral amyloid pathology
Authors: Verberk Inge M. W. , Thijssen Elisabeth , Koelewijn Jannet , Mauroo Kimberley , Vanbrabant Jeroen , de Wilde Arno , Zwan Marissa D. , Verfaillie Sander C. J. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Barkhof Frederik , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Stoops Erik , Vanderstichele Hugo M. , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: September 2020

Background

Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might facilitate identification of participants for clinical trials targeting amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulation, and aid in AD diagnostics. We examined the potential of plasma markers Abeta(1-42/1-40), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) to identify cerebral amyloidosis and/or disease severity.

Methods

We included individuals with a positive (n = 176: 63 ± 7 years, 87 (49%) females) or negative (n = 76: 61 ± 9 years, 27 (36%) females) amyloid PET status, with syndrome diagnosis subjective cognitive decline (18 PET+, 25 PET−), mild cognitive impairment (26 PET+, 24 PET−), or AD-dementia (132 PET+). Plasma Abeta(1-42/1-40), GFAP, and NfL were measured by Simoa. We applied two-way ANOVA adjusted for age and sex to investigate the associations of the plasma markers with amyloid PET status and syndrome diagnosis; logistic regression analysis with Wald’s backward selection to identify an optimal panel that identifies amyloid PET positivity; age, sex, and education-adjusted linear regression analysis to investigate associations between the plasma markers and neuropsychological test performance; and Spearman’s correlation analysis to investigate associations between the plasma markers and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA).

Results

Abeta(1-42/1-40) and GFAP independently associated with amyloid PET status (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001 respectively), and GFAP and NfL independently associated with syndrome diagnosis (p = 0.001 and p = 0.048 respectively). The optimal panel identifying a positive amyloid status included Abeta(1-42/1-40) and GFAP, alongside age and APOE (AUC = 88% (95% CI 83–93%), 82% sensitivity, 86% specificity), while excluding NfL and sex. GFAP and NfL robustly associated with cognitive performance on global cognition and all major cognitive domains (GFAP: range standardized β (sβ) = − 0.40 to − 0.26; NfL: range sβ = − 0.35 to − 0.18; all: p < 0.002), whereas Abeta(1-42/1-40) associated with global cognition, memory, attention, and executive functioning (range sβ = 0.22 – 0.11; all: p < 0.05) but not language. GFAP and NfL showed moderate positive correlations with MTA (both: Spearman’s rho> 0.33, p < 0.001). Abeta(1-42/1-40) showed a moderate negative correlation with MTA (Spearman’s rho = − 0.24, p = 0.001).

Discussion and conclusions

Combination of plasma Abeta(1-42/1-40) and GFAP provides a valuable tool for the identification of amyloid PET status. Furthermore, plasma GFAP and NfL associate with various disease severity measures suggesting potential for disease monitoring.
Toward Improving Patients’ Experiences of Acute Toxicity From Breast Radiotherapy: Insights From the Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Large Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Griffith Kent A. , Vicini Frank , Boike Thomas , Burmeister Jacob , Dominello Michael M. , Grills Inga , Hayman James A. , Moran Jean M. , Paximadis Peter , Radawski Jeffrey D. , Walker Eleanor M. , Pierce Lori J. ,   on behalf of the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

Understanding acute toxicities after whole-breast radiotherapy is important to inform patients, guide treatment decisions, and target supportive care. We evaluated patient-reported outcomes prospectively collected from a cohort of patients with breast cancer.

METHODS

We describe the maximal toxicity reported by 8,711 patients treated between 2012 and 2019 at 27 practices. Multivariable models identified characteristics associated with (1) breast pain, (2) bother from itching, stinging/burning, swelling, or hurting of the treated breast, and (3) fatigue within 7 days of completing whole-breast radiotherapy.

RESULTS

Moderate or severe breast pain was reported by 3,233 (37.1%): 1,282 (28.9%) of those receiving hypofractionation and 1,951 (45.7%) of those receiving conventional fractionation. Frequent bother from at least one breast symptom was reported by 4,424 (50.8%): 1,833 (41.3%) after hypofractionation and 2,591 (60.7%) after conventional fractionation. Severe fatigue was reported by 2,008 (23.1%): 843 (19.0%) after hypofractionation and 1,165 (27.3%) after conventional fractionation. Among patients receiving hypofractionated radiotherapy, younger age ( P < .001), higher body mass index (BMI; P < .001), Black ( P < .001) or other race ( P = .002), smoking status ( P < .001), larger breast volume ( P = .002), lack of chemotherapy receipt ( P = .004), receipt of boost treatment ( P < .001), and treatment at a nonteaching center predicted breast pain. Among patients receiving conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, younger age ( P < .001), higher BMI ( P = .003), Black ( P < .001) or other race ( P = .002), diabetes ( P = .001), smoking status ( P < .001), and larger breast volume ( P < .001) predicted breast pain.

CONCLUSION

In this large observational data set, substantial differences existed according to radiotherapy dose fractionation. Race-related differences in pain existed despite controlling for multiple other factors; additional research is needed to understand what drives these differences to target potentially modifiable factors. Intensifying supportive care may be appropriate for subgroups identified as being vulnerable to greater toxicity.
Development of a DNA Methylation–Based Diagnostic Signature to Distinguish Benign Oncocytoma From Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brennan Kevin , Metzner Thomas J. , Kao Chia-Sui , Massie Charlie E. , Stewart Grant D. , Haile Robert W. , Brooks James D. , Hitchins Megan P. , Leppert John T. , Gevaert Olivier
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

A challenge in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is to distinguish chromophobe RCC (chRCC) from benign renal oncocytoma, because these tumor types are histologically and morphologically similar, yet they require different clinical management. Molecular biomarkers could provide a way of distinguishing oncocytoma from chRCC, which could prevent unnecessary treatment of oncocytoma. Such biomarkers could also be applied to preoperative biopsy specimens such as needle core biopsy specimens, to avoid unnecessary surgery of oncocytoma.

METHODS

We profiled DNA methylation in fresh-frozen oncocytoma and chRCC tumors and adjacent normal tissue and used machine learning to identify a signature of differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) that robustly distinguish oncocytoma from chRCC.

RESULTS

Unsupervised clustering of Stanford and preexisting RCC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that of all RCC subtypes, oncocytoma is most similar to chRCC. Unexpectedly, however, oncocytoma features more extensive, overall abnormal methylation than does chRCC. We identified 79 CpGs with large methylation differences between oncocytoma and chRCC. A diagnostic model trained on 30 CpGs could distinguish oncocytoma from chRCC in 10-fold cross-validation (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC], 0.96 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00)) and could distinguish TCGA chRCCs from an independent set of oncocytomas from a previous study (AUC, 0.87). This signature also separated oncocytoma from other RCC subtypes and normal tissue, revealing it as a standalone diagnostic biomarker for oncocytoma.

CONCLUSION

This CpG signature could be developed as a clinical biomarker to support differential diagnosis of oncocytoma and chRCC in surgical samples. With improved biopsy techniques, this signature could be applied to preoperative biopsy specimens.
Beyond Dead Poets Society
Authors: Luger Moberley
Published: September 2020

This article observes that even as scholars increasingly attend to poetry’s cultural work, classrooms have remained a New Critical stronghold. It presents a case study in which methods of cultural studies are applied to conceptual poetry. The author argues that students would benefit from exposure to methods that bring poetry into the world, and the world into poetry.
Business-Cycle Anatomy
Authors: Angeletos George-Marios , Collard Fabrice , Dellas Harris
Published: September 2020

We propose a new strategy for dissecting the macroeconomic time series, provide a template for the business-cycle propagation mechanism that best describes the data, and use its properties to appraise models of both the parsimonious and the medium-scale variety. Our findings support the existence of a main business-cycle driver but rule out the following candidates for this role: technology or other shocks that map to TFP movements; news about future productivity; and inflationary demand shocks of the textbook type. Models aimed at accommodating demand-driven cycles without a strict reliance on nominal rigidity appear promising. (JEL C22, E10, E32)
Euthanasia in the Netherlands: A legal perspective and the public debate
Authors: Wistuba Malgorzata
Published: September 2020

Euthanasia and assisted suicide is made legal only in four countries in Europe, the countries being: The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Switzerland. Euthanasia and assisted suicide is not only a legal question, how would the legislation look like technically speaking, but it is also a controversial topic which many countries are not ready to discuss. In addition to the legal aspects, other aspects are also associated with this issue. The question that always arises is whether the community feels the necessity for this kind of legislation. The aim of this article is to familiarise the reader with the euthanasia legislation in The Netherlands and the public debate surrounding it. The article will give an overview and explanation of the current legislation.Firstly, the creation of the current legislation will be discussed, followed by an explanation of the current legislation on the basis of two cases that will be discussed in greater detail. In addition, attention will also be paid to other ending of life possibilities and concluded with the public debate on the legislation.
Κοινά και εκπαιδευτικός ανασχηματισμός
Authors: Pechtelidis Yannis
Published: September 2020

Στο κείμενο αυτό επιχειρείται η εισαγωγή του αναδυόμενου παραδείγματος των «κοινών» ως εναλλακτικό αξιακό σύστημα και σύστημα δράσης στο πεδίο της εκπαίδευσης, προκειμένου να συζητηθούν κριτικά οι δυνατότητες ανασχηματισμού της θεσμικής τυπικής εκπαίδευσης, τόσο στο επίπεδο της εκπαιδευτικής δραστηριότητας όσο και στο επίπεδο της διακυβέρνησης της καθημερινής λειτουργίας της, με γνώμονα τις αξίες της ισότητας, της αυτονομίας, της κοινότητας, της συμμετοχής, της συνεργασίας και του διαμοιρασμού. Στο επίκεντρο της συζήτησης είναι η κοινοποίηση ως μια εναλλακτική εκπαιδευτική και μικρο-πολιτική διαδικασία, που αναπτύσσεται στις ρωγμές του επίσημου εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος δημιουργώντας πρακτικές που αμφισβητούν τον κυρίαρχο λόγο για την εκπαίδευση και την κοινωνία. Επιπλέον, διερευνώνται κριτικά οι ομοιότητες και οι διαφορές της εκπαίδευσης των κοινών από άλλες εναλλακτικές προσεγγίσεις της εκπαίδευσης.
Can cultural economy be social? Discussing about the rural heritage of Greece
Authors: Lekakis Stelios , Dragouni Mina
Published: September 2020

Μπορεί η πολιτιστική οικονομία να είναι και κοινωνική;Συζητώντας για την αγροτική πολιτιστική κληρονομιά της ΕλλάδαςΤο άρθρο εξετάζει το τοπίο της πολιτιστικής διαχείρισης στην Ελλάδα, όπως αυτό διαμορφώνεται από κοινωνικούς, πολιτικούς και οικονομικούς παράγοντες. Σχολιάζει την αναδυόμενη λογική της κρατικής πολιτικής, η οποία εναρμονίζεται όλο και περισσότερο με τα νεοφιλελεύθερα προγράμματα των οικονομιών δυτικού τύπου. Δεδομένων των προεκτάσεων για το μέλλον της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς, το παράδειγμα των κοινών παρουσιάζεται ως εναλλακτικό παράδειγμα για την προστασία και την ανάδειξή της. Όπως υποστηρίζεται, το μοντέλο των κοινών,  μέσω των κοινοτήτων και των αρχών της κοινωνικής και αλληλέγγυας οικονομίας, αποτελεί βιώσιμη επιλογή που χρήζει περαιτέρω διερεύνησης. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, αναλύεται η μελέτη περίπτωσης της αγροτικής κληρονομιάς της Νάξου.
State and Social Solidarity Economy: Friends or foes? The potential for co-construction of public policies for Social Solidarity Economy in Greece
Authors: Adam Sofia , Kavoulakos Karolos Iosif
Published: September 2020

Kοινωνική και Aλληλέγγυα Oικονομία και κράτος: φίλοι ή εχθροί;Η δυνατότητα συν-διαμόρφωσης δημόσιων πολιτικών για την Κοινωνική και Αλληλέγγυα Οικονομία στην ΕλλάδαΤο παρόν άρθρο αναφέρεται στη σχέση μεταξύ του κράτους και της Κοινωνικής Αλληλέγγυας Οικονομίας (ΚΑΟ) επικεντρώνοντας στην περίπτωση του νόμου 4430/2016 για τους Φορείς ΚΑΟ στην Ελλάδα. Αυτό το νομικό πλαίσιο εισήχθη σε μια εποχή που ένα νέο κύμα συνεργατισμού είχε εμφανιστεί στην Ελλάδα της κρίσης, ενώ ένα κόμμα της ριζοσπαστικής αριστεράς με ισχυρές σχέσεις με κοινωνικά κινήματα είχε την πρωτοβουλία για να σχηματίσει κυβέρνηση. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, διερευνήσαμε τις δυνατότητες μιας νέας πορείας στην αλληλεπίδραση κράτους και ΚΑΟ μέσα από το πρίσμα της συν-διαμόρφωσης δημόσιων πολιτικών. Τα αποτελέσματα που παρουσιάζονται σε αυτό το άρθρο βασίζονται σε ένα ερευνητικό έργο που χρηματοδοτήθηκε από το Ίδρυμα Χάινριχ Μπελ Γραφείο Θεσσαλονίκης. Το ερευνητικό σχέδιο βασίζεται σε μικτές μεθόδους: στην ανάλυση περιεχομένου των παρεμβάσεων δικτύων και υποστηρικτικών οργανώσεων κατά τη διάρκεια των διαδικασιών διαβούλευσης, και την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων με επιλεγμένα δίκτυα και φορείς στήριξης της ΚΑΟ στην Ελλάδα.
Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana
Authors: Maruapula Dorcas , MacLeod Iain J. , Moyo Sikhulile , Musonda Rosemary , Seatla Kaelo , Molebatsi Kesaobaka , Leteane Melvin , Essex Max , Gaseitsiwe Simani , Rowley Christopher F.
Published: September 2020

Background:HIV-1 drug resistance poses a major threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy. The high costs of available HIV drug resistance assays prohibit their routine usage in resource-limited settings. Pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation (PANDAA), a focused genotyping approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR), promises a fast and cost-effective way to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRMs).  Given the high cost of current genotyping methods, we sought to use PANDAA for screening key HIVDRMs in antiretroviral-naïve individuals at codons 103, 106 and 184 of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene. Mutations selected at these positions have been shown to be the most common driver mutations in treatment failure. 

Methods:A total of 103 samples from antiretroviral-naïve individuals previously genotyped by Sanger population sequencing were used to assess and verify the performance of PANDAA. PANDAA samples were run on the ABI 7500 Sequence Detection System to genotype the K103N, V106M and M184V HIVDRMs. In addition, the cost per sample and reaction times were compared.

Results:Sanger population sequencing and PANDAA detected K103N mutation in three (2.9%) out of 103 participants.  There was no evidence of baseline V106M and M184V mutations observed in our study. To genotype the six HIVDRMs it costs approximately 40 USD using PANDAA, while the reagents cost per test for Sanger population sequencing is approximately 100 USD per sample. PANDAA was performed quicker compared to Sanger sequencing, 2 hours for PANDAA versus 15 hours for Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion:The performance of PANDAA and Sanger population sequencing demonstrated complete concordance. PANDAA could improve patient management by providing quick and relatively cheap access to drug-resistance information.
AGENTES E PROCESSOS DE INTERFERÊNCIA, RISCO, IMPACTO, E DANO AMBIENTAL EM SISTEMAS CLIMÁTICOS
Authors: Vitório Cleber Vinicius , Lenz Elenice Rachid da Silva , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Aguiar Laís Alencar de , Garcia Pauli Adriano De Almada , Garcia Vanessa Da Silva
Published: September 2020

A presente Nota Técnica aponta para reconhecimento de agentes e processos de interferência, risco, impacto, e dano ambiental em sistemas climáticos.
Die Thematik der Kirchenkantaten J. S. Bachs in ihren Beziehungen zum protestantischen Kirchenlied
Authors: Sirp Hermann
Published: September 2020

Darauf bezugnehmend: Hermann Sirp: Die Thematik der Kirchenkantaten J. S. Bachs in ihren Beziehungen zum protestantischen Kirchenlied (Fortsetzung und Schluß). BJ 1932, S. 51-118
Unechte Orgelwerke Bachs
Authors: Keller Hermann
Published: September 2020

Vergleiche auch: Arnold Schering: Beiträge zur Bachkritik. BJ 1912, S. 124-133

Hans Luedtke: Seb. Bachs Choralvorspiele. BJ 1918, S. 1-96

Fritz Dietrich: J. S. Bachs Choralvorspiel und seine geschichtlichen Wurzeln. BJ 1929, S. 1-89

Ulrich Meyer: Zur Einordnung von J. S. Bachs einzeln überlieferten Orgelchorälen. BJ 1974, S. 75-89
Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu dem Beitrag "Ein hessischer Bach-Stamm" von Hugo Lämmerhirt
Authors: Bach Ludwig
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Hugo Lämmerhirt: Ein hessischer Bach-Stamm. BJ 1936, S. 53-89
Das Bach-Haus zu Eisenach
Authors: Freyse Conrad
Published: September 2020

Hierzu: Abbildung: Johann Christoph Bach, Quittung, Eisenach 22. 3. 1703. BJ 1939, o.S.
Philipp Emanuel Bachs musikalischer Nachlaß. Vollständiger, dem Original entsprechender Neudruck des Nachlaßverzeichnisses von 1790 (Fortsetzung)
Authors: Miesner Heinrich
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Heinrich Miesner: Philipp Emanuel Bachs musikalischer Nachlaß. Vollständiger, dem Original entsprechender Neudruck des Nachlaßverzeichnisses von 1790. BJ 1938, S. 103-136

Darauf bezugnehmend: Heinrich Miesner: Philipp Emanuel Bachs musikalischer Nachlaß. Vollständiger, dem Original entsprechender Neudruck des Nachlaßverzeichnisses von 1790 (Fortsetzung und Schluß). BJ 1940-48, S. 161-181
Die mütterlichen Verwandten Johann Sebastian Bachs in Erfurt - Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zur Bachforschung
Authors: Wiegand Fritz
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Hugo Lämmerhirt: Bachs Mutter und ihre Sippe. BJ 1925, S. 101-137
Nochmals: "Vortrag und Besetzung Bach'scher Cantaten- und Oratorienmusik". Ein Nachtrag zum gleichnamigen Artikel im BJ 1969
Authors: Jacobi Erwin R.
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Erwin R. Jacobi: "Vortrag und Besetzung Bach'scher Cantaten- und Oratorienmusik" - Ein unbekannter Brief von Moritz Hauptmann an Johannes Brahms (15. Februar 1859). BJ 1969, S. 78-86
Textauslegung und Satzstruktur in J. S. Bachs Motetten
Authors: Krummacher Friedhelm
Published: September 2020

Obwohl Bachs Vokalwerk unbestreitbar durch seine konstruktiven Eigenschaften und seine expressiven Qualitäten gekennzeichnet ist, ist das wechselseitige Verhältnis dieser beiden Elemente keineswegs selbstverständlich. Angesichts der Tendenzen zur Trennung beider Aspekte ist es gerade ihre spezifische Korrelation, die geklärt werden muss. Für diese Frage können Bachs Motetten, ungeachtet ihrer Sonderstellung, als Beispiel dienen. Definiert durch die vokale Konzeption aller Stimmen, zeigen sie einen deutlichen Bruch mit der traditionellen Abfolge von Textelementen und entwickeln eigenständige zyklische Formstrukturen. Entsprechungen und Kontraste, Analogien und Varianten sowohl in Bezug auf deklamatorische, rhythmische, motivische und polyphone Verfahren sind die Grundvoraussetzungen für die Entwicklung einer komplexen formalen Struktur, die trotz textlicher Veränderungen und kraftvoller Interpretation einzelner Wörter unbestreitbar integer ist. Von daher werden Argumente für die Authentizität von BWV 230 sowie Schlussfolgerungen für weitere Vokalwerke entwickelt. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Bernhard Friedrich Richter: Über die Motetten Seb. Bachs. BJ 1912, S. 1-32

Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol, insbesondere die Symbolik seines Kanons. BJ 1925, S. 40-63

Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol (2. Studie). BJ 1928, S. 119-137

Joseph Bachmair: "Komm, Jesu, komm" (Der Textdichter. Ein unbekanntes Werk von Johann Schelle) BJ 1932, S. 142-145

 Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol. 3. Studie: Psychologische Grundlegung des Symbolbegriffs aus Christian Wolffs "Psychologia empirica". BJ 1937, S. 83-95

Alfred Dürr: Zur Echtheit einiger Bach zugeschriebener Kantaten. BJ 1951-52, S. 30-46

Peter Benary: Zum periodischen Prinzip bei J. S. Bach. BJ 1958, S. 84-93

Ulrich Siegele: Bemerkungen zu Bachs Motetten. BJ 1962, S. 33-57

Roger Bullivant: Zum Problem der Begleitung der Bachschen Motetten. BJ 1966, S. 59-68

Martin Geck: Zur Echtheit der Bach-Motette "Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden". BJ 1967, S. 57-69

Hans-Joachim Schulze: Der Schreiber "Anonymus 400" - ein Schüler Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1972, S. 104-117
Zur Einordnung von J. S. Bachs einzeln überlieferten Orgelchorälen
Authors: Meyer Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den von Klotz im Band IV/3 der NBA veröffentlichten Werken. Vermutlich vor den Siebzehn Chorälen entstanden etwa zwischen 1703 und 1709 folgende Werke:

BWV 741, 700 und 735 unter dem Einfluss von Böhm; BWV 737, 724 und O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig unter dem Einfluss von Pachelbel; BWV 721, 718 und 720 unter dem Einfluss von Buxtehude.

Vermutlich zur gleichen Zeit wie die Siebzehn Choräle und später wurden die folgenden Werke um 1709 bis 1717 komponiert:

Choralbegleitungen und Lehrwerke BWV 715, 726, 722, 729, 732, 738, 725, 730, 706 und die Choralsätze in BWV 690, 695, 713, 734 und 736; Stücke unter dem Einfluss von Pachelbel BWV 712, 696-699, 701, 703, 704, 733, 736 (motivische Behandlung des Chorals), 694, 710, 717, 713, 695 (thematische Behandlung des Chorals), 711, 734 (regelmäßige Behandlung des Chorals); Choräle im Stil des Orgelbüchlein BWV 731,724,709 (koloristisch), 714 (kanonisch), 690 (zwischen Partita und Orgelbüchlein).

In den Jahren 1720 bzw. 1722 nahm Bach BWV 691 und 728 in die Klavierbüchlein-Kopien auf. Der Autor hält O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig für authentisch, den hinzugefügten Choral jedoch für falsch zugeschrieben. - "Fantasia" kennzeichnet Orgelchoräle verschiedener Art in der Weimarer Zeit, großformatige Arrangements mit Cantus firmus im Bass solche der Leipziger Zeit. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Fritz Dietrich: J. S. Bachs Orgelchoral und seine geschichtlichen Wurzeln. BJ 1929, S. 1-89

Ulrich Meyer: Zur Frage der inneren Einheit von Bachs Siebzehn Chorälen (BWV 651-667). BJ 1972, S. 61-75
Wie entstand die Bach-Sammlung Mempell-Preller?
Authors: Schulze Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2020

Die hier betrachteten Manuskripte werden teilweise in der Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig, teilweise in der Staatsbibliothek Berlin-Dahlem verwahrt und umfassen Werke von J. S. Bach, G. Böhm, D. Buxtehude, J. P. Kellner, J. L. Krebs, P. Locatelli, J. G. Walther und anderen Komponisten. Sie gehen auf den Kantor Johann Nicolaus Mempell (1713-1747) in Apolda zurück, der möglicherweise ein Schüler von J. P. Kellner war. Johann Gottlieb Preller aus Oberroßla bei Apolda (1727-1786, ab 1753 Kantor und Organist in Dortmund) und vielleicht ein Schüler von J. N. Mempell und J. T. Krebs senior, kombinierte diese Gruppe von Handschriften mit Kopien, die er in den Jahren 1743 bis 1749 selbst angefertigt hatte. Nachfolgende Besitzer waren Daniel Friedrich Eduard Wilsing aus Wesel, ein Urenkel Prellers (bis 1854), und Max Seiffert in Berlin (bis 1904). (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Bernhard Friedrich Richter: Stadtpfeifer und Alumnen der Thomasschule in Leipzig zu Bachs Zeit. BJ 1907, S. 32-78

Reinhold Sietz: Die Orgelkompositionen des Schülerkreises um Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1935, S. 33-96

 Hermann Keller: Unechte Orgelwerke Bachs. BJ 1937, S. 59-82

Hans Löffler: Die Schüler Joh. Seb. Bachs. BJ 1953, S. 5-28

Karl Anton: Neue Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte der Bachbewegung. BJ 1955, S. 7-44

Friedrich Wilhelm Riedel: Aloys Fuchs als Sammler Bachscher Werke. BJ 1966, S. 83-99
Unechtes unter Johann Sebastian Bachs Klavierwerken
Authors: Eichberg Hartwig
Published: September 2020

Eine Reihe von Stücken Unter Bachs verstreuten Capriccios, Variationen, Sonaten und Suiten, die in NBA V/10 hätten aufgenommen werden sollen, kann als nicht authentisch aus Bachs Œuvre und damit aus der der NBA ausgeschieden werden. Alle diese Stücke sind ohne Authentifizierung überliefert und zeigen stilistische Merkmale, die nicht zu Bachs Autorschaft passen: BWV 834, 835 (J. P. Kirnberger), 838 (C. Graupner), 839, 844/8443 (BWV 844a vermutlich eine Komposition von W. F. Bach; BWV 844a eine spätere Version, wahrscheinlich aus dem Kreis von J. C. Kittel), 845, 964, 968 (BWV 964 und 968 nicht-authentische Transkriptionen aus den Soloviolinsonaten von J. S. Bach, vermutlich von W. F. Bach), 969 und 990. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass Bach drei weitere Kompositionen, die in andere NBA-Bände passen würden, fälschlicherweise zugeschrieben wurden: BWV 943, 960 und 923a (eine fehlerhafte Version von BWV 923, wahrscheinlich aus dem Kreis von Kittel). In einem Anhang wird die Authentizität der B-Dur-Suite (BWV 821) diskutiert, deren Autorschaft noch unklar und die daher für die Veröffentlichung in einem Ergänzungsband des NBA vorgesehen ist. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Johann Sebastian Bachs Aufführungen zeitgenössischer Passionsmusiken
Authors: Glöckner Andreas
Published: September 2020

Es handelt sich um die erhaltenen Manuskripte der Matthäuspassion von Reinhard Keiser, der Lukaspassion eines unbekannten Komponisten (BWV 246), der Händelschen Passionsvertonung nach einem Text von B. H. Brockes, eines Pasticcios mit Musik von Keiser und Händel und eines weiteren Pasticcios. Die Manuskripte werden im Hinblick auf die Frage nach Bachs Veränderungen im musikalischen Text betrachtet. Verschiedene Umstände deuten auf Bachs zunehmende Nutzung von Passionsvertonungen anderer Komponisten ab etwa 1740 hin. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Die Crux der Nebensache. Editorische und praktische Bemerkungen zu Bachs Artikulation
Authors: Von Dadelsen Georg
Published: September 2020

Die schlampig notierten und mehrdeutigen Legatos in Bachs Manuskripten sind oft irreführend. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele lässt sich nachweisen, dass Bachs Gebrauch von Bindebögen nicht nur dem Ausdruck von Affekten und der melodischen Phrasierung dient, sondern auch sehr eng mit der Geigentechnik verbunden ist. Die anderen Instrumente übernehmen in der Regel den Artikulationsstil der Geige, der die Taktakzente hervorhebt und ein sanftes und flüssiges Spiel ermöglicht. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)