bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rumble in the Meson: a leptoquark versus a Z′ to fit b → sμ+μ− anomalies including 2022 LHCb $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ measurements
Authors: Allanach Ben , Davighi Joe
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We juxtapose global fits of two bottom-up models (an S3 scalar leptoquark model and a B3 – L2Z′ model) of b → sμ+μ− anomalies to flavour data in order to quantify statistical preference or lack thereof. The leptoquark model couples directly to left-handed di-muon pairs, whereas the Z′ model couples to di-muon pairs with a vector-like coupling. $$ {B}_s-\overline{B_s} $$

B
s

−

B
s

¯

mixing is a focus because it is typically expected to disfavour Z′ explanations. In two-parameter fits to 247 flavour observables, including Bs/d→ μ+μ− branching ratios for which we provide an updated combination and LHCb $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

measurements from December 2022, we show that each model provides a similar improvement in quality-of-fit of $$ \sqrt{\Delta {\chi}^2} $$

∆

χ
2

= 3.6 with respect to the Standard Model. The main effect of the $$ {B}_s-\overline{B_s} $$

B
s

−

B
s

¯

mixing constraint in the Z′ model is to disfavour values of the sL– bL mixing angle greater than about 5|Vcb|. This limit is rather loose, meaning that a good fit to data does not require ‘alignment’ in either quark Yukawa matrix. No curtailment of the sL− bL mixing angle is evident in the S3 model.
Renormalization of twist-two operators in covariant gauge to three loops in QCD
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , von Manteuffel Andreas , Yang Tong-Zhi
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The leading short-distance contributions to hadronic hard-scattering cross sections in the operator product expansion are described by twist-two quark and gluon operators. The anomalous dimensions of these operators determine the splitting functions that govern the scale evolution of parton distribution functions. In massless QCD, these anomalous dimensions can be determined through the calculation of off-shell operator matrix elements, typically performed in a covariant gauge, where the physical operators mix with gauge-variant operators of the same quantum numbers. We derive a new method to systematically extract the counterterm Feynman rules resulting from these gauge-variant operators. As a first application of the new method, we rederive the unpolarized three-loop singlet anomalous dimensions, independently confirming previous results obtained with other methods. Employing a general covariant gauge, we observe the explicit cancellation of the gauge parameter dependence in these results.
Black holes as probes of moduli space geometry
Authors: Delgado Matilda , Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We argue that supersymmetric BPS states can act as efficient finite energy probes of the moduli space geometry thanks to the attractor mechanism. We focus on 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 compactifications and capture aspects of the effective field theory near the attractor values in terms of physical quantities far away in moduli space. Furthermore, we illustrate how the standard distance in moduli space can be related asymptotically to the black hole mass. We also compute a measure of the resolution with which BPS black holes of a given mass can distinguish far away points in the moduli space. The black hole probes may lead to a deeper understanding of the Swampland constraints on the geometry of the moduli space.
Stochastic disease spreading and containment policies under state-dependent probabilities
Authors: La Torre Davide , Marsiglio Simone , Mendivil Franklin , Privileggi Fabio
Published: April 2023

We analyze the role of disease containment policy in the form of treatment in a stochastic economic-epidemiological framework in which the probability of the occurrence of random shocks is state-dependent, namely it is related to the level of disease prevalence. Random shocks are associated with the diffusion of a new strain of the disease which affects both the number of infectives and the growth rate of infection, and the probability of such shocks realization may be either increasing or decreasing in the number of infectives. We determine the optimal policy and the steady state of such a stochastic framework, which is characterized by an invariant measure supported on strictly positive prevalence levels, suggesting that complete eradication is never a possible long run outcome where instead endemicity will prevail. Our results show that: (i) independently of the features of the state-dependent probabilities, treatment allows to shift leftward the support of the invariant measure; and (ii) the features of the state-dependent probabilities affect the shape and spread of the distribution of disease prevalence over its support, allowing for a steady state outcome characterized by a distribution alternatively highly concentrated over low prevalence levels or more spread out over a larger range of prevalence (possibly higher) levels.
Zementmahlung – Stand der Technik und Trends für die Zukunft
Authors: Holzinger Thomas , Flachberger Helmut
Published: April 2023

Die Zementindustrie steht vor großen Herausforderungen und hat gleichzeitig die Chance, eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erreichung der klimapolitischen Ziele einzunehmen. Die Zementproduktion trägt weltweit mit ca. 7 % zum gesamten CO2-Ausstoß bei und steht daher seit Jahren im Fokus von Gesellschaft und Politik. Zur Zielerreichung beitragen können vielfältige Maßnahmen, wie die Reduktion des Einsatzes fossiler Brennstoffe durch CO2-neutrale Ersatzbrennstoffe, neue Produktionstechniken unter Sauerstoffatmosphäre, Carbon Capture Projekte zur CO2-Einlagerung, die Herstellung von technischem Kohlendioxyd oder synthetischen Kraftstoffen. Eine weitere, seitens der Zementindustrie vorangetriebene Forschungsaktivität und weltweit zu beobachtender Trend ist die Reduzierung des Klinkeranteiles in Zementen. Normen und Standards werden angepasst, um neue Zemente mit einem höheren Anteil an Zuschlagstoffen für die Bauindustrie einzuführen. So weisen etwa die Zementsorten CEM II/C und CEM VI einen reduzierten Klinkeranteil auf, sie erlauben den Einsatz von erhöhten Anteilen an Schlacke, Kalkstein, rezykliertem Beton und anderen Zuschlagstoffen. Diese wiederum energetisch optimal, also mit geringem elektrischen Energieeinsatz herzustellen, stellt die Werke und die Industrie vor neue Herausforderungen. Der elektrische Energiebedarf eines Zementwerkes ist nicht zu unterschätzen und liegt aktuell in einem Bereich von 90 bis 110 kWh pro Tonne produziertem Zement, neuere Zementwerke liegen bei 80 kWh/t und darunter. Betrachtet man den mittleren Energieverbrauch eines Werkes, so werden rund 71 % für die Mahlung eingesetzt, etwa 24 % für die Klinkerherstellung und ca. 5 % für allgemeine Verbraucher. Davon beansprucht die Zementmahlung ca. 44 % und beträgt je nach eingesetzten Mahlsystemen und erzeugtem Zementsortenportfolio zwischen 35 und 50 kWh/t.

Im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung werden die aktuell zum Einsatz gelangenden Mahlsysteme – Kugelmühlenkreisläufe, Walzenschüsselmühlen sowie Rollenpressen – besprochen. Des Weiteren werden deren Vorteile, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und -grenzen sowie die aus der langjährigen Tätigkeit des Erstautors gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst und Markttrends präsentiert. Die optimierte Herstellung von Mischzementen durch Separatmahlung wird zur Diskussion gestellt und die damit gemachten Erfahrungen vorgestellt. Die Separatmahlung bietet optimale Voraussetzungen, um in Zukunft den Klinkerfaktor auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, und ermöglicht gleichzeitig den Einsatz von energetisch günstigen Mahlsystemen, wie etwa Rollenpressen und/oder Walzenschüsselmühlen, um einerseits den steigenden Zementbedarf im Werk zu decken und andererseits die Energiekosten niedrig zu halten.
The clonal heterogeneity of colon cancer with liver metastases
Authors: Chen Guanxuan , Zhu Wanqi , Liu Yang , Zhang Liwen , Xie Li , Song Xingguo , Song Xianrang
Published: April 2023

Background

Colon cancer with liver metastases (CCLM) characterized by genetic heterogeneity is an evolutionary process leading to variations in response to selective pressure, but the underlying evolutionary models still remains unclear.

Methods

Total of 30 samples, including primary tumor and two to four matched liver metastases from 8 treatment-naïve patients with CCLM were collected, and subjected to whole-exome DNA sequencing. PyClone was used to calculate intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity, LICHeE was used to reconstruct the cancer phylogeny trees and investigate the subclonal composition.

Results

The genetic differences were observed between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as among multiple metastases in all patients. The natural history models of colorectal cancer in each case were identified, including parallel, linear, and branching evolution. Liver metastases could originate from primary lesions or other metastases. Pathway and process enrichment analysis also showed obvious heterogeneity and enhancement of several molecular functions.

Conclusions

Our data reveal the genetic and heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as among multiple metastases and provide genomic evidence for clonal heterogeneity for CCLM.
Mixtures of colliery spoils and fluidized bed bottom ash: strength and swelling behavior under compressive stress in isolated conditions
Authors: Krysiak Łukasz , Kledyński Zbigniew , Machowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2023

The amount and variety of waste materials used in civil engineering are steadily increasing due to the depletion of natural resources and the implementation of environmental policies. A new mixture of colliery spoils and fluidized bed bottom ash was recently developed in Poland, which proved to be prone to excessive, long-term swelling, potentially damaging structures such as road embankments. Numerous papers discuss the heaving mechanisms in spoils or fluidized bed ash. However, no reports analyzing the expansion of their mixture seem to be available. The purpose of this paper is to fill this void. The experiment involved measurements of linear swelling of mixture samples stored inside CBR test molds and isolated from moisture loss/gain. Material expansion is caused by the reactivity of the fluidized bed ash; its content in the mix correlates positively with the final swelling strain. At the same time, colliery spoils provide an environment particularly conducive to the phenomenon’s occurrence. A linear swelling strain of 0.3–3.2% was observed after 6 months (disregarding the first 24 h of rapid volume growth). The expansion of mixtures was also measured under constant compressive stress of 0–100 kPa to better represent their actual working conditions. Based on the results, it is proposed to adapt a mathematical model developed for anhydrite-rich rock to describe the load-swelling relationship in mixtures of colliery spoils with fluidized bed bottom ash. Such a model can be potentially used, e.g., in numerical analyses, to assess the impact of the material’s expansion on embankments.
Performance analysis of cross-frequency Doppler-assisted carrier phase tracking
Authors: Wang Dun , Zhang Shuangna , Liu Tong , Chen Yaohui , Dong Qijia
Published: April 2023

Using the Doppler frequency obtained from tracking a GNSS pilot signal to aid in tracking another signal modulated with higher rate navigation messages in a different frequency band can improve tacking robustness and lower the message demodulation threshold. Based on an analysis of received signal frequency coherence, a linearized mathematical model of the cross-frequency Doppler-assisted carrier phase tracking loop is built, a thermal noise jitter calculation equation for the assisted tracking loop is derived, and its dynamic stress response characteristics are examined. The loop design requirements for eliminating the influence of inter-frequency frequency bias are clarified, as are the cross-frequency assist signal selection criteria. Monte Carlo simulations and preliminary field tests validate the theoretical results using the B1C pilot signal-aided tracking B2b signal of the MEO satellite in the BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS). Experimental results show that the carrier phase tracking threshold of the B2b signal can be reduced by about 4 dB.
Methods of managing the evolution of ontologies and their alignments
Authors: Pietranik Marcin , Kozierkiewicz Adrianna
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, none can expect that knowledge about some part of reality will not change. Consequently, a representation of such evolving knowledge (for example, ontologies) also changes. Such changes entail that applications incorporating such knowledge may become compromised and yield wrong results. An example of such an application is ontology alignment which can be informally described as a set of connections between two ontologies. Those connections mark elements from two ontologies that relate to the same parts of reality. In changing one of the corresponding ontologies, such connections may become invalid. One may designate the ontology alignment once again from scratch for altered ontologies. However, such an approach is time and resource-consuming. The paper comprehensively presents our ontology evolution and alignment maintenance framework. It can be used to preserve the validity of ontology alignment using only the analysis of changes introduced to maintained ontologies. The precise definition of ontologies is provided, along with a definition of the ontology change log. A set of algorithms that allow revalidating ontology alignments have been built based on such elements.
Record DNA: reconceptualising digital records as the future evidence base
Authors: McLeod Julie , Lomas Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

A major issue facing society is the extent to which the usability of the digital evidence base is at risk because, in the digital era, the concept of the record has been eroded. The nature and reality of a record are no longer agreed. Addressing the challenges that the digital presents for managing records and assuring their future usability is not one that records and archives scholars and professionals can tackle alone. This article argues that this is a ‘grand challenge’ which requires a broad range of perspectives and expertise and convergence research to resolve. It discusses findings from an international multidisciplinary research network established to critically explore, through a grounded theory approach, the nature of a digital record and the implications of the digital era for the usability and functionality of the future evidence base. A series of different visions of a digital record emerged alongside a wide-ranging set of research questions that form the basis of an agenda for future collaborative (convergence) research.
The policy case for designating EMS teams for vulnerable patient populations: Evidence from an intervention in Boston
Authors: Brennan Mark , Dyer Sophia , Jonasson Jonas , Salvia James , Segal Laura , Serino Erin , Steil Justin
Published: April 2023

This study documents more than five years of analysis that drove the policy case, deployment, and retrospective evaluation for an innovative service model that enables Boston Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to respond quickly and effectively to investigation incidents in an area of heavy need in Boston. These investigation incidents are typically calls for service from passers-by or other third-party callers requesting that Boston EMS check in on individuals, often those who may appear to have an altered mental status or to be unhoused. First, this study reports the pre-intervention analytics in 2017 that built the policy case for service segmentation, a new Community Assistance Team designated “Squad 80” that primarily responds to investigation incidents in one broad area of the city with high rates of substance abuse and homelessness, helping patients who often refuse ambulance transport connect to social services. Second, this study reports a post-intervention, observational evaluation of its operational advantages and trade-offs. We observe that incidents involving the Community Assistance Team have significantly shorter response times and result in fewer transports to emergency departments than investigation incidents not involving the unit, leading to fewer ambulance unit-hours utilized across the system. This study documents the descriptive analytics that built the successful policy case for a substantive change in the healthcare-delivery supply chain in Boston and how this change offers operational advantages. It is written to be an accessible guide to the analysts and policy makers considering emergency services segmentation, an important frontier in equitable public-service delivery.
Using long-term ecological monitoring to evaluate how climate and human-induced disturbances impact nekton communities in a Northern Gulf of Mexico estuary
Authors: Garwood Jason A. , Allen Kira , Lamb Megan S. , Lewis Kristy A. , Harper Jenna , Edmiston Lee
Published: April 2023

Apalachicola Bay, a river-fed estuary in the northeast Gulf of Mexico is experiencing impacts from anthropogenic and climate-induced changes in freshwater inputs and sea level rise. These synergistic pressures have resulted in a historic oyster fishery collapse and the expansion of mangroves, which are displacing native salt marsh. Understanding how these natural and man-made-driven changes have affected the nekton community is essential for the sustainable management of this coastal region. To evaluate changes in nekton occurrence and distribution in Apalachicola Bay, we analyzed 20 years of biological monitoring data. Our results indicated that spatial variation in species’ populations was driven by differences in salinity, while seasonal changes were driven by temperature. Freshwater inflow is the primary driver of salinity, and these differences demonstrated that river flow reductions have the potential to alter nekton communities. The effects of climate-driven droughts and anthropogenic freshwater flow reductions on estuarine community structure highlight the importance of maintaining sufficient river flow for nursery areas, which provide ecosystem services for the region. Ultimately, these findings support the continued need for monitoring programs that track accelerating ecosystem change and provide a clearer understanding for how community composition will respond to global change.
RGD peptide modified RBC membrane functionalized biomimetic nanoparticles for thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Xu Zichen , Huang Jinxia , Zhang Tao , Xu Wenfeng , Liao Xiaoling , Wang Yi , Wang Guixue
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the fabrication of nano-drug delivery systems for targeted treatment of thrombus has become a research hotspot. In this study, we intend to construct a biomimetic nanomedicine for targeted thrombus treatment. The poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was selected as the nanocarrier material. Then, urokinase and perfluoro-n-pentane (PFP) were co-loaded into PLGA by the double emulsification solvent evaporation method to prepare phase change nanoparticles PPUNPs. Subsequently, the RGD peptide-modified red blood cell membrane (RBCM) was coated on the surface of PPUNPs to prepare a biomimetic nano-drug carrier (RGD-RBCM@PPUNPs). The as-prepared RGD-RBCM@PPUNPs possessed a “core-shell” structure, have good dispersibility, and inherited the membrane protein composition of RBCs. Under ultrasound stimulation, the loaded urokinase could be rapidly released. In vitro cell experiments showed that RGD-RBCM@PPUNPs had good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Due to the coated RGD-RBC membrane, RGD-RBCM@PPUNPs could effectively inhibit the uptake of macrophages. In addition, RGD-RBCM@PPUNPs showed better thrombolytic function in vitro. Overall, the results suggested that this biomimetic nanomedicine provided a promising therapeutic strategy for the targeted therapy of thrombosis.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of enzymatic polymerization on the thermal stability of flavonoids
Authors: Latos-Brozio Malgorzata , Masek Anna , Piotrowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2023

The mechanisms of the enzymatic polymerization of flavonoids, including quercetin, rutin and catechins, have been fairly well researched, but the properties of polymeric forms of flavonoids still require in-depth analysis. The products of enzymatic polymerization are oligomeric flavonoids. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of many oligomeric flavonoids have been described in the literature. However, data on the thermal properties of oligomeric flavonoids are lacking and the supplementing of these deficiencies is a scientific novelty of this work. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of enzymatic polymerization on thermal stability of oligomeric flavonoids. As part of the work, oligomeric quercetin, rutin and catechin were prepared by the enzymatic polymerization reaction with laccase and horseradish peroxidase enzymes. The oligomeric structure of the flavonoids was confirmed by spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis)) as well as chromatographic (ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) methods. Thermal properties of oligomeric flavonoids were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oligomeric forms of selected polyphenols were investigated. Based on DSC analysis, it was found that the common feature of all oligomeric flavonoids was a higher final oxidation temperature and a higher oxidation enthalpy than the reference flavonoids. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that oligomeric poly(flavonoids)-laccase had better thermal stability, which correlated with higher molar mass.
Kinetics of the CO2 gasification of woods, torrefied woods, and wood chars. Least squares evaluations by empirical models
Authors: Várhegyi Gábor , Wang Liang , Skreiberg Øyvind
Published: April 2023

The gasification kinetics of chars forming from biomass materials was studied by kinetic equations of type dX/dt = Af(X) exp(− E/(RT)) where X is the conversion of the sample, A is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy and f(X) is a suitable model function. The theoretically deduced f(X) models in the literature are rarely applicable for chars of biomass origin because of chemical and physical inhomogeneities and irregularities. Hence, empirical f(X) functions were determined by a method proposed four years ago (Várhegyi in Energy Fuels 33:2348–2358, 2019). The parameters of the models were obtained by the method of least squares. Thermogravimetric experiments from an earlier work were reevaluated to explore the possibilities of the approaches employed. The experiments belonged to untreated birch and spruce woods; torrefied woods; chars prepared at a higher temperature; and chars formed at high heating rates (ca. 1400 °C min−1). Common kinetic features were found for the CO2 gasification of the chars studied. The reliability of the results was carefully tested by evaluating smaller and larger groups of the experiments and comparing the results. The method proved to be suitable for the determination of realistic f(X), E, and A from single modulated experiments, too. The models described well the gasification of chars forming from different woods through a wide range of temperature programs and thermal pretreatments.
Students’ perceptions of their STEM learning environment
Authors: Fairhurst Nicole , Koul Rekha , Sheffield Rachel
Published: April 2023

Australia’s economic need for innovation has led to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education becoming an essential investment for the future. This study utilised a mixed-methods approach involving a pre-validated quantitative questionnaire together with qualitative semi-structured focus groups with students across four Year 5 classrooms. Students provided their perceptions of their STEM learning environment and their interactions with their teacher to identify factors influencing their engagement for pursuing these disciplines. The questionnaire comprised of scales from three different instruments: Classroom Emotional Climate, Test of Science Related Attitudes, and Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction. Several key factors were identified through student responses, including Student Freedom, Peer Collaboration, Problem Solving, Communication, Time, and Preferred Environments. 33 out of possible 40 correlations between scales were statistically significant, but eta2 values were considered low (0.12–0.37). Overall, the students expressed positive perceptions about their STEM learning environment, with Student Freedom, Peer Collaboration, Problem Solving, Communication and Time appearing to impact their perceptions of STEM education. Three focus groups with a total of 12 students identified suggestions for improving STEM learning environments. Implications from this research include the importance of considering student perceptions when measuring the quality of STEM learning environments, as well as how facets of these environments can impact student attitudes towards STEM.
Use of inactive Cochrane reviews in academia: A citation analysis
Authors: Hoffmeyer Bodil , Fonnes Siv , Andresen Kristoffer , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: April 2023

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is internationally recognized as one of the best sources of evidence within medical research. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of Cochrane reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) have not been updated for more than 5.5 years and are therefore considered inactive. This study’s aim was to evaluate if these are still used in academia. The study included 7,729 Cochrane reviews from the CDSR. Their Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) were linked with citation data from the search engine The Lens. The citation pattern of 3,735 inactive reviews in the CDSR were analyzed and the results were adjusted for inflation in citation. A subgroup analysis of citing motives was performed for the most recent citations of the 20 most outdated reviews. In 2020, 41% of all citations of Cochrane reviews, were of reviews that had not been updated for more than 5.5. years. 5 years after last update, Cochrane reviews were on average cited 8.6 times per year. Twenty-five percent of Cochrane reviews were still cited 10 years after last update and were on average cited 4.3 times in the 10th year. None of the most recent citations of the 20 most outdated reviews indicated directly that the review was out of date. Cochrane reviews continued to be cited even though they were not being updated. This could pose a problem if they do not represent the most up-to-date evidence, as it may lead to the distribution of outdated evidence or misinformation.
Reproduction of Parental Occupations, Income and Poverty in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Magno Rogerio , da Cunha Marina Silva , de Souza Solange Cassia Inforzato , Mourão Paulo Jorge Reis
Published: April 2023

This article aims to analyze the parental reproduction of occupations and their effects on income according to the diverse socioeconomic conditions of Brazil. Logistic regressions and wage decomposition using RIF -Recentered Influence Function—were applied to the microdata of the 2019 National Continuous Household Sample Survey. We found that sons tend to follow the occupation of fathers and daughters that of mothers; rural dwellers from traditional families and from poorer classes with low levels of education are more likely to reproduce their parents' occupation. Parental reproduction of occupations among the poor leads to lower remuneration for individuals compared to those who choose other occupations and to the maintenance of economic poverty. Impacts are greatest in the smallest quantile of wage distribution and for the poor.
Against intellectualism about skill
Authors: Robertson Ian , Hutto Daniel D.
Published: April 2023

This paper will argue that intellectualism about skill—the contention that skilled performance is without exception guided by proposition knowledge—is fundamentally flawed. It exposes that intellectualists about skill run into intractable theoretical problems in explicating a role for their novel theoretical conceit of practical modes of presentation. It then examines a proposed solution by Carlotta Pavese which seeks to identify practical modes of presentation with motor representations that guide skilled sensorimotor action. We argue that this proposed identification is problematic on empirical and theoretical grounds, and—as such—it fails to deliver on its explanatory ambitions. In the final analysis, it will be argued that intellectualism about skill is, in any case, superfluous when it comes to accounting for the aspects of skilled performance it purports to explain.
The nature and significance of social ontology
Authors: Guala Francesco , Hindriks Frank
Published: April 2023

We propose a bridge-builder perspective on social ontology. Our point of departure is that an important task of philosophy is to provide the bigger picture. To this end, it should investigate folk views and determine whether and how they can be preserved once scrutinized from the perspective of the sciences. However, the sciences typically present us with a fragmented picture of reality. Thus, an important intermediate step is to integrate the most promising social scientific theories with one another. In addition to this, social ontology can provide input to and benefit from other philosophical disciplines that engage in normative theorizing. Thus, we propose that social ontology connects not only with folk ontology and scientific ontology but also with fields such as ethics and political philosophy. Building bridges between them serves to formulate a credible and encompassing worldview that is of theoretical and practical significance.
A note on very ample Terracini loci
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Ventura Emanuele
Published: April 2023

In this short note we show that, for any ample embedding of a variety of dimension at least two in a projective space, all high enough degree Veronese re-embeddings have non-empty Terracini loci.
Substitutability in R&D and Open Innovation: Why Competing Firms Face a Paradox of Openness?
Authors: da Silva Mário A.P.M.
Published: April 2023

We explore how substitutability between internal and external R&D influences business conduct with regard to R&D approaches and their implementation with the support of managerial resources in a competitive innovation game. We develop a duopoly model which incorporates the assumption of substitutability due to managerial diseconomies of scope in firms using different innovation mechanisms to access technology. We establish that firms substitute internal sources of innovation for external sources as exogenous spillovers increase to manage the diseconomies of scope. We find a tension between the knowledge disclosures and the protections of innovation returns that arises as a paradox for firms. The finding of a positive association between the choice of a firm to be connected with the R&D environment and the appropriability of its innovation returns is understood to be consistent with empirical results of a paradox of openness that firms open to external sources of innovation face.
Intra-urban Variations of the CO2 Fluxes at the Surface-Atmosphere Interface in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Authors: Hong Seon-Ok , Kim Jinwon , Byun Young-Hwa , Hong Jinkyu , Hong Je-Woo , Lee Keunmin , Park Young-San , Lee Sang-Sam , Kim Yeon-Hee
Published: April 2023

Severe spatiotemporal heterogeneity of emissions sources and limited measurement networks have been hampering the monitoring and understanding of CO2 fluxes in large cities, a great concern in climate research as big cities are among the major sources of anthropogenic CO2 in the climate system. To understand the CO2 fluxes in Seoul, Korea, CO2 fluxes at eight surface energy balance sites, six urban (vegetation-area fraction < 15%) and two suburban (vegetation-area fraction > 60%), for 2017–2018 are analyzed and attributed to the local land-use and business types. The analyses show that the CO2 flux variations at the suburban sites are mainly driven by vegetation and that the CO2 flux differences between the urban and suburban sites originate from the differences in the vegetation-area fraction and anthropogenic CO2 emissions. For the CO2 fluxes at the urban sites; (1) vehicle traffic (traffic) and heating-fuel consumption (heating) contribute > 80% to the total, (2) vegetation effects are minimal, (3) the seasonal cycle is driven mainly by heating, (4) the contribution of heating is positively related to the building-area fraction, (5) the annual total is positively (negatively) correlated with the commercial-area (residential-area) fraction, and (6) the traffic at the commercial sites depend further on the main business types to induce distinct CO2 flux weekly cycles. This study shows that understanding and estimation of CO2 fluxes in large urban areas require careful site selections and analyses based on detailed consideration of the land-use and business types refined beyond the single representative land-use type widely-used in contemporary studies.
A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based High School Melanoma Prevention Curricula
Authors: Calco Gina N. , Orfaly Victoria E. , Haag Carter K. , Hamilton Andrew , Stoos Elizabeth , Leachman Sancy A.
Published: April 2023

Incorporation of melanoma prevention behaviors into daily lifestyles is difficult. Data suggest that high school educational programs on skin cancer prevention can be successful and should incorporate evidence-based teaching and learning strategies to achieve greatest impact. The goal of this systematic review is to describe evidence-based educational practices for a high-school melanoma curriculum through a comprehensive review of the literature. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PyscINFO were searched in June 2020 for all original articles published between June 18, 1946 and June 17, 2020. All studies that used an educational curriculum to promote sun safety, skin exams, and early detection to high school students were included. A total of 25 studies with 22,683 adolescent participants were analyzed. Sixteen studies showed a significant increase in knowledge, twenty-one studies showed changes in behavior, and fifteen studies showed significant changes in attitudes. Limitations of this review include the heterogeneity of implementation and outcome reporting of educational curricula. These findings support incorporating active learning strategies as key aspects of creating an effective curriculum aimed at the prevention and early detection of melanoma.
A dual-population constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with variable auxiliary population size
Authors: Liang Jing , Chen Zhaolin , Wang Yaonan , Ban Xuanxuan , Qiao Kangjia , Yu Kunjie
Published: April 2023

Constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) exist widely in the real world, which simultaneously contain multiple constraints to be satisfied and multiple conflicting objectives to be optimized. Therefore, the challage in addressing CMOPs is how to better balance constraints and objectives. To remedy this issue, this paper proposes a novel dual-population based constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to solve CMOPs, in which two populations with different functions are employed. Specifically, the main population considers both objectives and constraints for solving the original CMOPs, while the auxiliary population is used only for optimization of objectives without considering constraints. In addition, a dynamic population size reducing mechanism is proposed, which is used to adjust the size of the auxiliary population, so as to reduce the consumption of computing resoruces in the later stage. Moreover, an independent external archive is set to store feasible solutions found by the auxiliary population, so as to provide high-quality feasible solutions for the main population. The experimental results on 55 benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior or at least competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Replicability in Lithic Analysis
Authors: Pargeter Justin , Brooks Alison , Douze Katja , Eren Metin , Groucutt Huw S. , McNeil Jessica , Mackay Alex , Ranhorn Kathryn , Scerri Eleanor , Shaw Matthew , Tryon Christian , Will Manuel , Leplongeon Alice
Published: April 2023

The ubiquity and durability of lithic artifacts inform archaeologists about important dimensions of human behavioral variability. Despite their importance, lithic artifacts can be problematic to study because lithic analysts differ widely in their theoretical approaches and the data they collect. The extent to which differences in lithic data relate to prehistoric behavioral variability or differences between archaeologists today remains incompletely known. We address this issue with the most extensive lithic replicability study yet, involving 11 analysts, 100 unmodified flakes, and 38 ratio, discrete, and nominal attributes. We use mixture models to show strong inter-analyst replicability scores on several attributes, making them well suited to comparative lithic analyses. Based on our results, we highlight 17 attributes that we consider reliable for compiling datasets collected by different individuals for comparative studies. Demonstrating this replicability is a crucial first step in tackling more general problems of data comparability in lithic analysis and lithic analyst's ability to conduct large-scale meta-analyses.
Field-based research directions for investigating the interior of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers
Authors: Miles Katie E. , Hubbard Bryn , Miles Evan S. , Quincey Duncan J. , Rowan Ann V.
Published: April 2023

The debris that covers the ablation areas of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers contributes to the distinctive features and processes occurring both on and within such glaciers. Despite recent advances, knowledge of the subsurface environments of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers is still extremely limited. In particular, targeted field-based data are needed to parameterise and refine the projections of these glaciers in numerical models. Here, we outline the current understanding of the internal properties of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers based on direct field-based methods and suggest future research directions for field-based studies.
Dealbreakers and the Work of Immoral Artists
Authors: STONER IAN
Published: April 2023

A dealbreaker, in the sense developed in this essay, is a relationship between a person's psychology and an aspect of an artwork to which they are exposed. When a person has a dealbreaking aversion to an aspect of a work, they are blocked from embracing the work's aesthetically positive features. I characterize dealbreakers, distinguish this response from other negative responses to an artwork, and argue that the presence or absence of a dealbreaker is in some cases an appropriate target of moral evaluation. I then use the concept of dealbreakers to develop a new approach to the question of our moral obligations with respect to the work of immoral artists, arguing that there is no general obligation binding us to cultivate or eliminate a dealbreaking aversion to their work. I conclude by suggesting several other philosophical debates that could benefit from a focus on dealbreakers.
The contingent value of connections: legislative turnover and revolving-door lobbyists
Authors: Strickland James M.
Published: April 2023

Former legislators who lobby exacerbate the effects of financial resources on the relative political influence that various organized interests achieve. These lobbyists receive more income and achieve favorable policy outcomes more often than other lobbyists. The value of these revolving-door lobbyists, however, is contingent on the continued presence of former colleagues in legislatures. Former legislators achieve influence because of their insider connections, and membership turnover among incumbents decreases the value of this asset for interest groups. I examine the incomes and clienteles of former legislators who lobbied in the American states over seven decades. Turnover is a consistent, negative predictor of revolver value. This effect is enhanced by the presence of legislative staff support. This study is the first to examine the value of revolving-door lobbyists in the state legislatures. My findings imply that reforms that induce turnover help to level playing fields of political advocacy among interests with different levels of financial resources.
A linear-elastic–nonlinear-swelling theory for hydrogels. Part 2. Displacement formulation
Authors: Webber Joseph J. , Etzold Merlin A. , Worster M. Grae
Published: April 2023

We consider the multidirectional swelling and drying of hydrogels formed from super-absorbent polymers and water, focusing on the elastic deformation caused by differential swelling. By modelling hydrogels as instantaneously incompressible, linear-elastic materials and considering situations in which there can be large isotropic strains (arising from swelling) while deviatoric strains remain small, it is possible to describe accurately a wider range of gel states than traditional linear elastic theories allow. An equation is derived relating the displacement field to the polymer fraction in such hydrogels, permitting the shape of the swelling gel to be determined as it evolves in time, using the formulation of Part 1 to find the local polymer fraction. We discuss the boundary conditions to be applied at the surfaces of a gel, both on the bulk elastic stress and on the pervadic (pore) pressure in the interstices. Similarities between the equation for the displacements and the equations of classical plate theory are investigated by considering a model problem of a slender cylinder with its base immersed in water drying by evaporation into the surrounding air. In this problem, there is differential drying along the axis of the cylinder, as the base remains swollen while the top dries. The results of our displacement formulation agree qualitatively with experiments that we have conducted, and provide a physical interpretation of the forced biharmonic equation describing the displacement field.
What's behind a name: The taxonomic status of Helicancylus Gabb, 1869 and Hamiticeras Anderson, 1938 (Ammonoidea, Lower Cretaceous)
Authors: Frau Camille , Bulot Luc G.
Published: April 2023

The present contribution illustrates the type material of the Lower Cretaceous ammonoids Ptychoceras aequicostatus Gabb, 1864 (type species of Helicancylus Gabb, 1869) and Hamiticeras pilsbryi Anderson, 1938 (type species of Hamiticeras Anderson, 1938). The typification and taxonomic validity of both genera are clarified, and the affinities with coeval Acrioceratidae are discussed. Their stratigraphic range is investigated with implications for correlation between northern Pacific and European ammonoid scales.
Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons using Bessel–Gauss doughnut beams for accelerating beam guiding
Authors: Tomkus V. , Girdauskas V. , Abedi-Varaki M. , Raciukaitis G.
Published: April 2023

A high-intensity laser pulse propagating through a gas target disturbs the uniform plasma distribution. Plasma density structures, created by high-order Bessel–Gauss beams for guiding the accelerating Gaussian beam and laser wakefield acceleration of electrons, are analysed using Wake-T and Fourier–Bessel particle-in-cell (FBPIC) simulation tools. The use of Bessel–Gauss doughnut beams increases the acceleration distance and energy of accelerated electrons up to 2.3 times at a 2 mm distance relative to the Gaussian beam of the same intensity.
Digital health technologies and major depressive disorder
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Greenleaf Walter , Bulaj Grzegorz , Taylor Steven T. , Mitsi Georgia , Saliu Dylan , Czysz Andy , Silvesti Greg , Garcia Manny , Jain Rakesh
Published: April 2023

There is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of major depressive disorder (MDD), which has become increasingly prevalent over the past two decades. Several gaps and challenges in the awareness, detection, treatment, and monitoring of MDD remain to be addressed. Digital health technologies have demonstrated utility in relation to various health conditions, including MDD. Factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the development of telemedicine, mobile medical apps, and virtual reality apps and have continued to introduce new possibilities across mental health care. Growing access to and acceptance of digital health technologies present opportunities to expand the scope of care and to close gaps in the management of MDD. Digital health technology is rapidly evolving the options for nonclinical support and clinical care for patients with MDD. Iterative efforts to validate and optimize such digital health technologies, including digital therapeutics and digital biomarkers, continue to improve access to and quality of personalized detection, treatment, and monitoring of MDD. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing gaps and challenges in depression management and discuss the current and future landscape of digital health technology as it applies to the challenges faced by patients with MDD and their healthcare providers.
The decline of local anchoring: a quantitative investigation
Authors: LOS BETTELOU , DRESCHLER GEA , VAN KEMENADE ANS , KOMEN ERWIN , CORETTA STEFANO
Published: April 2023

This article presents a quantitative study of the referential status of PPs in clause-initial position in the history of English. Earlier work (Los 2009; Dreschler 2015) proposed that main-clause-initial PPs in Old English primarily function as ‘local anchors’, linking a new clause to the immediately preceding discourse. As this function was an integral part of the verb-second (V2) constraint, the decline of local anchors was attributed to the loss of V2 in the fifteenth century, so that only the contrasting and frame-setting functions of these PPs remain in PDE. This article tests these hypotheses in the syntactically parsed corpora of OE, ME, EModE and LModE texts, using the Pentaset-categories (New, Inert, Assumed, Inferred or Identity; Komen 2011), based on Prince's categories (Prince 1981). The finding is that Identity clause-initial PPs decline steeply from early ME onwards, which means the decline pre-dates the loss of V2. A likely trigger is the loss of the OE paradigm of demonstrative, which functioned as standalone demonstrative pronouns as well as demonstrative determiners, and the loss of gender marking more generally. From EModE onwards, main-clause-initial PPs that still link to the preceding discourse do so much more indirectly, by an Inferred link.
Maximizers versus satisficers: Decision-making styles, competence, and outcomes
Authors: Parker Andrew M. , de Bruin Wändi Bruine , Fischhoff Baruch
Published: April 2023

Our previous research suggests that people reporting a stronger desire to maximize obtain worse life outcomes (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007). Here, we examine whether this finding may be explained by the decision-making styles of self-reported maximizers. Expanding on Schwartz et al. (2002), we find that self-reported maximizers are more likely to show problematic decision-making styles, as evidenced by self-reports of less behavioral coping, greater dependence on others when making decisions, more avoidance of decision making, and greater tendency to experience regret. Contrary to predictions, self-reported maximizers were more likely to report spontaneous decision making. However, the relationship between self-reported maximizing and worse life outcomes is largely unaffected by controls for measures of other decision-making styles, decision-making competence, and demographic variables.