bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de metodologias ativas na promoção do autocuidado e adesão terapêutica com usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial
Authors: Cunha Amanda Guimarães , Silva Ana Flávia Lima da , Mendes Ana Paula de Souza , Oliveira Andressa Karolinny Costa de , Braga Beatriz Stephany Conceição , Silva Brenda Caroline Martins da , Portilho Danielle Cardoso , Portilho Denize Cardoso , Nascimento Jamille Luciana Monteiro , Silva Jéssica Maria Lins da , Soeiro Jordan da Silva , Ferreira Lucinéia Ferreira , Carvalho Matheus Ataide , Ferreira Patricia da Silva , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Carrias de , Silva Roseli Reis da
Published: January 2021

Os transtornos mentais possuem etiologia diversa, sendo caracterizados pelas manifestações clínicas que cada indivíduo irá expressar. Em âmbito mundial, eles têm grande impacto no cenário da saúde, estima-se que 12% da carga mundial de doenças está diretamente ligada a essas patologias. A partir do exposto, objetivou-se nesse estudo relatar uma vivência de acadêmicos de enfermagem ocorrida em um centro de atenção psicossocial na região metropolitana de Belém-PA, ocorrida através da implementação de ações lúdicas no local, que visaram o fomento à adesão e continuidade terapêutica. O presente estudo classifica-se como descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, no qual se busca compreender as relações desenvolvidas embasados nos diferentes contextos. Fundamentou-se na metodologia da problematização do Arco de Charles Maguerez. Como resultado demonstrou-se a indispensabilidade de se trabalhar com metodologias alternativas com os usuários, já que esse público, em sua maioria, não conta com o apoio familiar e em decorrência do abandono, acabam optando em viver nas rua, e por isso apresentam-se em situação de risco, bem como são mais suscetíveis a abandonarem o tratamento oferecido no CAPS AD. Diante disso, é de grande valia deixar explicitado o quanto ações de educação em saúde com interações menos formais com a utilização de metodologias ativas são importantes na contribuição do autocuidado dos usuários, tal como no aprendizado dos acadêmicos.
Body scrub virgin coconut oil (vco), coffee grounds (coffea arabika linn.) and carbon active coconut shell (activated carbon coconut nucifera l) as a moisturizer and skin lightening
Authors: Putri Desi Eka , Djamil Ratna , Faizatun .
Published: January 2021

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) contains a lot of medium chain fatty acids, combined with coffee grounds (Coffea Arabica Linn.) And activated carbon (Activated carbon coconut nucifera L) into a preparation that can moisturize and brighten the skin. The purpose of this study was to make cosmetic cleansing preparations containing three natural ingredients. Evaluation of organoleptic body scrub preparations, homogeneity, dispersibility and pH, in-vivo and clinical irritation testing, testing the effectiveness of the preparation (moisture and brightness). Organoleptic testing and homogeneity were confirmed to have dark black color, distinctive smell of coffee, homogeneity, spreadability in the range of 4 cm, and the pH was at a safe pH for the skin so that irritation results also did not show edema and erythema both in-vivo divided into 3 groups (n = 3) and clinically (n = 30). In addition, this body scrub provides moisture and brightness to the skin for 2 months of use, p <0.05. VCO body scrub preparations, coffee grounds and activated carbon are preparations that have the potential to be cosmetic cleansers.
Work Safety in slaughterhouses: general aspects
Authors: Marzoque Hercules José , Cunha Renan Fernandes da , Lima Clara Mariana Gonçalves , Nogueira Rafael Leite , Machado Vinícius Expedito de Andrade , De Alencar Nääs Irenilza
Published: January 2021

This study aimed at carrying out the characteristics existing in slaughterhouses work scenarios, taking into account the aspects that corroborate to ensure employees' health conditions, such as physical, chemical, biological risks, and, mainly, ergonomic. It is noted that the slaughterhouses have several changes that compromise the physical conditions of those who provide practical actions in these service spaces. The data from this research are seasoned due to issues involving ergonomic aspects such as Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) and temperature, humidity, risky materials, noise, extensive workloads, among other factors that compromise, significantly, the health of employees. In short, the scenarios lack changes and improvements in conditions of caring for the well-being of employees, as well as envisioning the need to ensure conditions for improving their materials, proposing a complementation in the training of their workers.
Assistência de enfermagem a gestante com hipertensão na Atenção Básica: um relato de experiência
Authors: Bastos Pâmela Souza , Alves Kelle Karolina Ariane Ferreira , Silva Flávia Gomes , Pereira Wesley Dias , Amorim Cintia Ferreira , Carvalho Carine Barreto de , Cavalcante Cleuton Machado , Cavalcante Nádia Shirlley de Andrade , Oliveira Luana Queiroz
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: descrever sobre a assistência de enfermagem à gestante com hipertensão na atenção básica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa na modalidade relato de experiência. Sendo este, vivenciado por uma discente do curso de Bacharelado em enfermagem, durante o estágio supervisionado I, realizado em UBSF de uma cidade situada no interior da Bahia. Resultados: Durante as consultas de pré-natal as gestantes com diagnóstico de SHG caracterizou-se como um grande desafio, e de grande valia para formação, sendo este oportuno para o desenvolvimento como futuro profissional, o qual trouxe muita aprendizagem. O enfermeiro e médico que realizam o pré-natal de baixo risco devem estar vigilantes quanto ao rastreamento e diagnóstico, com isso torna-se imprescindível a anamnese, exame físico, ginecológico quando necessário, e obstétrico, além da promoção de atividades educativas. Conclusão: É evidente que ainda existem algumas lacunas relacionadas ao diagnóstico precoce das SHG, o que na maioria das vezes é consequência do início tardio do pré-natal.
Percepções sobre a violência no bairro do Benguí, Belém, Pará, Brasil, por agentes territoriais de Segurança Pública e Defesa Social
Authors: Araújo Isis Kelma Figueiredo de , Lima Fernando Alberto Souza , Silva Jorge Luiz Aragão , Silva Ricardo André Biloia da , Chaves Andrea Bittencourt Pires , Gomes Marcus Alan de Melo , Chagas Clay Anderson Nunes
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar, dentre as correntes teóricas da sociologia que contribuem à compreensão do fenômeno da violência, qual a mais expressiva a partir da percepção dos agentes de segurança pública responsáveis pelo atendimento de ocorrências de casos de violência no Bairro do Benguí, no município de Belém, estado do Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo com questionários estruturados, aplicados a policiais militares e bombeiros militares, que atuavam no referido bairro, para caracterizar e compreender o fenômeno da violência. Foram utilizadas nas alternativas princípios de correntes de pensamento sociológico da Teoria Política (Nicolau Maquiavel), do Contratualismo (Thomas Hobbes), do Liberalismo (Adam Smith), do Funcionalismo (Émile Durkheim) e da Sociologia Compreensiva (Max Weber). Como resultado, verificou-se a prevalência de ideias liberalistas, com 42% geral das respostas. Foi constatado também que a corrente de Adam Smith foi a mais expressiva nos níveis fundamental e médio de escolaridade. A prevalência liberal foi comum entre policiais e bombeiros, exceto quanto à principal causa da violência, em que a maioria dos bombeiros se alinhou à Teoria Política, de Nicolau Maquiavel. Os resultados mostraram correspondência ao pensamento criminológico crítico, sobre a compreensão seletiva das agências de segurança pública quanto à violência e de falha nos mecanismos de controle social no bairro. Concluiu-se com a prevalência do pensamento liberal nas quatro percepções investigadas: principais causas da violência no bairro (35%); melhores soluções ao fenômeno (47%); maiores dificuldades para alcançar soluções à violência (42%) e; razões para o fortalecimento do tráfico de drogas no bairro (45%).
Gestação e Saúde Bucal: Importância do pré-natal odontológico
Authors: Guimarães Kelly Alves , Sousa Gabriela Andrade , Costa Marcelo Dias Moreira de Assis , Andrade Cláudia Maria de Oliveira , Dietrich Lia
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os problemas odontológicos comuns durante a gravidez, bem como o manejo odontológico nesse período. Este estudo consiste de uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa, tendo como fonte de dados escolhidos para pesquisa as bases Scielo, BVS, e Pubmed. Apresentando uma proposta seletiva para eleição dos estudos escolhidos para este trabalho, onde os critérios de seleção foram: pesquisa de artigos de 2010 a 2020, língua portuguesa, inglesa, e espanhola, que abordam descritores como e/ou relacionados a: gestantes, saúde bucal, cuidado pré-natal, oral health, pregnancy, pregnant women, primary health care, el embarazo, atención odontológica. O pré-natal odontológico deve ser iniciado assim que descoberto a gravidez, contudo, o ideal seria a ocorrência de um planejamento prévio à gestação, para que ocorresse a adequação e promoção da saúde bucal, visto que, resultados adversos são observados em gestações que a mãe se encontra em péssimas condições bucais, onde, a prevenção/tratamento de problemas bucais antes do início gestacional seria sinônimo de uma gestação ainda mais saudável, tanto para a mãe como para o filho. O cirurgião-dentista observaria todo o estado de saúde bucal da gestante, o que possibilita o impedimento de agravos de problemas bucais instalados, e a prevenção de novas alterações.
A luta contra o envelhecimento, uma análise na perspectiva bioética
Authors: Figueira Olivia , Casellas Jociane , Figueira Alan , Perini Carla Corradi
Published: January 2021

Vivemos em uma sociedade que se recusa a envelhecer. As exigências estéticas impostas pela sociedade, de aparência sempre jovial, negando ou escondendo os sinais que o passar do tempo impõe atingem diretamente as pessoas idosas, de forma estigmatizante, e tornam suas possibilidades diminuídas pelo sentimento de não pertencimento. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é explorar as estratégias declaradas na luta contra o envelhecimento. Busca-se analisar os aspectos que apoiam as estratégias e discutir o fenômeno do combate ao envelhecimento na perspectiva bioética. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou como material de análise o conteúdo de domínio público disponível na internet, em sua maioria visando o ideal estético. A pesquisa realizou coleta direta de dados com o pesquisador como o principal instrumento, e realizou análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Conclusão: Atualmente as estratégias declaradas na luta contra o envelhecimento, em sua maioria visam o ideal estético, como forma de permitir a pessoa idosa a permanência no meio social. São estratégias para disfarçar o envelhecimento ou tentar impedi-lo em uma busca incessante da juventude eterna.
A influência das tecnologias na saúde mental dos idosos em tempos de pandemia: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Costa Debora Ellen Sousa , Rodrigues Sandryelle de Andrade , Alves Rita de Cássia Loiola , Silva Milena Roberta Freire da , Bezerra Antônio Diego Costa , Santos Daniel Coutinho dos , Freitas Milena Cordeiro de , Oliveira Paula Ermans de , Nunes Sabrina Freitas , Silva Victoria Caroline da , Nascimento Cidianna Emanuelly Melo do
Published: February 2021

Introdução: A COVID-19 configura-se como uma pandemia e atinge principalmente pessoas idosas, nesse sentido foram determinadas medidas de isolamento social para evitar a propagação do vírus. Para o estreitamento desse isolamento os idosos passaram a se familiarizar com as tecnologias. Objetivo: Abordar por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura como as tecnologias influenciam na saúde mental dos idosos em tempos de pandemia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram realizadas buscas nas bases eletrônicas Scopus, Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed e Scielo, utilizando os descritores de acordo com o DeSC: Tecnologias em Saúde, Saúde Mental, Pandemia e Idoso, publicados entre 2019 e 2020. Para compor os resultados foram selecionados 9 artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. Resultados e discussão: Observou-se que a maioria dos estudos (77,77%) era da língua inglesa e (44,44%) foram selecionados da Pubmed. Os autores abordaram que a inclusão digital de idosos e a utilização das tecnologias auxiliam na melhoria da saúde mental deste grupo; reduzem efeitos como a solidão e a sensação de isolamento social e possibilitam uma maior interação dos idosos com os amigos e familiares. Assim, essa ferramenta fortalece o sentimento de autonomia destes indivíduos e auxilia na redução da exclusão digital e do estigma de preconceito com a idade. Conclusão: Portanto, o uso das tecnologias por idosos proporcionam efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde mental desses, reduzindo sentimentos de solidão e a sensação de isolamento, além de proporcionar o aumento da sensação de segurança e independência.
Analisis Cakupan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wolio Kota Baubau
Authors: Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Darmawan Agus , Meilani Nima , Taswin Taswin
Published: January 2021

The visiting scope for pregnancy woman can be percentage with using indicator performance K1 and K4. Wolio health center have pregnancy check up scope in 2017 wes low, compane with pregnancy check up scope in 2016 was high. The purpose of this research is to know the related factor with pregnancy check up scope in working area wolio association public health of Baubau City. The kind of research that using is quantitative cross sectional approachment. With 122 population of people that do pregnancy check up in working area of wolio health center of baubau town in 2018. The sample in this research taken by total sampling method. The data collection by primer data with quisioner and do direct observation and secondary data. Tabulation of data analysis with SPSS with chi-square (α=0,05) test. The result of research show that there are related between quality of pregnancy check up (p value = 0,002 < 0,05), distance between home and health fasilitation (p value = 0,011 < 0,05), the support of family (p value = 0,005 < 0,05) pregnancy check up scope in wolio health center of Baubau town. The conclusion of this research tell that the quality of pregnancy check up, the distance between home to health facilitation and family support have close relation ship with pregnancy check up scope. The sugestion to health center side is to be desirable that increase the approachment and cooperation with the society.
Pijat Oksitosin terhadap Volume ASI di PMB E Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Herlinadiyaningsih Herlinadiyaningsih , Ruttata Peni
Published: January 2021

Breastmilk (ASI) is the first, main and best food for neonates, which is natural and contains various nutrients needed in the process of baby growth and development. Lack of milk production is one of the reasons why mothers give formula milk to their babies. Oxytocin massage is a massage along the spine (vertebrae) to the fifth-sixth rib and is an attempt to stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin after childbirth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk volume. This research design is quasy experiment with post test design. The population of this study was 78 post-partum mothers with a total sample of 26 post-partum mothers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling technique. The data collection method is by pumping breast milk and measuring it using a measuring cup and observation sheet. This research was conducted in February – April 2019 at the Independent Practice of Midwives E, Palangka Raya City. Data analysis used Man-Whitney. The results showed that the average value of breastfeeding volume was 21,369 in the cc intervention group and the average value of breast milk volume was 19,385 cc in the control group. The results of statistical analysis obtained a P-value of 0.840. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant difference in the volume of breastmilk between oxytocin massage and oxytocin massage at the Bidan E Practice, Palangka Raya City. Research is needed relating to other factors that can increase the amount of milk production.
Microalbuminuria versus brain natriuretic peptide in cardiac hypertrophy of hypertensive rats
Authors: Saliba Y , Chouery E , Mégarbané A , Jabbour H , Farès N
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to assess a possible link between
microalbuminuria (MA), a major risk factor of the cardiorenal
syndrome and the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of
cardiac hypertrophy. Two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) renovascular
hypertension was induced in 24 male Wistar rats (weighing 220-
250 g). Rats were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks:
Sham, not treated; Bos, treated with bosentan; Cap, treated with
captopril; Bos/Cap, treated with both drugs. Blood pressure,
plasma BNP and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)
concentrations, microalbuminuria and creatininemia as well as
cardiac mass, BNP, α- and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene
expression and kidney histology were determined. Following
stenosis, Sham rats developed hypertension (p<0.001), an
increase in BNP (p<0.05) and TGF-β1 (p<0.005) concentrations,
creatinine levels (p<0.001), and urinary albumin (p<0.001).
Under drug treatment, decreases in blood pressure (p<0.001),
creatinine levels (p<0.05), plasma TGF-β1 (p<0.005) and BNP
(p<0.05) concentrations, were concomitant with the absence of
MA which was significantly correlated with reductions in cardiac
mass (p<0.05) and hypertrophy markers (BNP and β-MHC gene
expression) (p<0.005) as well as in renal fibrosis. These findings
suggest a potential link between microalbuminuria evolution and
BNP as well as a possible effect of microalbuminuria-lowering
therapy on halting the progression, or even inducing the
regression of cardiac hypertrophy.
Restoration of Guyton´s diagram for regulation of the circulation as a basis for quantitative physiological model development
Authors: Kofránek J , Rusz J
Published: February 2021

We present the current state of complex circulatory dynamics
model development based on Guyton’s famous diagram. The aim
is to provide an open-source model that will allow the simulation
of a number of pathological conditions on a virtual patient
including cardiac, respiratory, and kidney failure. The model will
also simulate the therapeutic influence of various drugs, infusions
of electrolytes, blood transfusion, etc. As a current result of
implementation, we describe a core model of human physiology
targeting the systemic circulation, arterial pressure and body fluid
regulation, including short- and long-term regulations. The model
can be used for educational purposes and general reflection on
physiological regulation in pathogenesis of various diseases.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PRODUKSI TAHU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) GUNUNG KIJANG DI LINGKUNGAN SARATA KELURAHAN PARUGA KOTA BIMA
Authors: Sandi Ahmad , Mandyara Dewi Ratna Muchlisa , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Pengaruh Faktor Produksi Tahu Terhadap Pendapatan Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah  (UMKM) Gunung Kijang di Lingkungan Sarata Kelurahan Paruga Kota Bima. Penelitian ini menggunakan penedekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskripstif. Jenis data penelitian terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Adapun yang menjadi sumber data penelitian adalah manajer sekaligus pemilik usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM)  Kijang  sebanyak 3 orang, yaitu 1 orang manajer dan 2 orang karyawan. Teknik pengempulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi teknik data Reduction (Reduksi Data), Data Display (penyajian data), dan Conclusion Drawing/verification (penarikan kesimpulan (Sugiyono, 2012: 246-252). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Faktor Produksi Alam, adalah tersedianya bahan baku kedelai sebagai bahan baku utama dalam proses pembuatan tahu. Apabila pada saat musim panen ketersediaan bahan baku kedelai dipasar mudah diperoleh. Namun, apabila musim panen telah berlalu  maka ketersediaan bahan baku menjadi berkurang bahkan sangat sulit untuk diperoleh; (2) Faktor tenaga kerja, adalah ketersediaan tenaga kerja dalam proses produksi. Tanpa tenaga kerja maka proses produksi usaha tahu tidak akan berjalan dengan lancar bahkan tidak bisa; (3) Faktor Modal atau Kapital, adalah faktor terpenting dalam memulai usaha Tahu. Tanpa dukungan modal maka usaha Tahu tidak bisa berjalan dengan lancer; dan (4) Faktor keahlian, adalah faktor yang berpengaruh selanjutnya setelah faktor produksi alam, tenaga kerja dan modal. Tanpa adanya keahlian maka usaha tahu tidak bisa berjalan dengan sukses.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI PADA GURU SMA NEGERI 2 KOTA BIMA
Authors: Suaeb Suaeb , Agussalim Agussalim , Jasman Jasman
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap motivasi berprestasi pada guru SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif kausal. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 75 orang guru. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket dengan skala likert. Sebelum instrumen digunakan dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Untuk menganalisis validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen menggunakan program SPSS 16 for windows. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi sederhana, dengan rumus persamaan regresi Y’ =+ ε.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa respon terhadap gaya kepemimpinan kepala SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima adalah terdapat 18 orang guru (24%) mengatakan baik, dan ada 56 orang guru (74%) mengatakan sangat baik. Jadi, berdasarkan hasil kuesioner gaya kepemimpinan kepala SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima adalah tergolong sangat baik.  Kemudian motivasi berprestasi guru SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima tahun 2020 diketahui terdapat 1 orang guru (1,3%) yang memiliki motivasi berprestasi rendah, 2 orang guru (5,3%) yang tergolong memiliki motivasi berprestasi cukup baik, 43 orang (57%) guru yang memiliki motivasi berprestasi baik, dan 27 orang (36%) guru yang memiliki motivasi berprestasi sangat baik. Jadi, berdasarkan hasil kuesioner tentang motivasi berprestasi guru SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima diketahui torgolong pada kategori baik dengan persentase 57%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi sederhana dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS 16.0 for windows, sehingga diketahui t-hitung=2.599 lebih besar (>) ttabel=1.993, yang artinya bahwa hipotesisi nihil (Ho) yang mengatakan “Tidak Ada Pengaruh Signifikan Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Guru SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bima dapat dinyatakan secara statistic ditolak, sebaliknya hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima.
Creative Accounting Practice Among Public Limited Companies in Nigeria: Prevalence, Motives and Techniques
Authors: Ewa Uket E , Eseneyen, Ph.D., FCA Jacob Moses
Published: January 2021

The study was to determine the prevalence of creative accounting practice, motive, and techniques employed among Public Limited Companies in Nigeria. The data obtained from professional accountants in public practice was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. All the respondents admitted to having encountered the practice among their clients in the course of their work as auditors. Officials’ gains and quest to gain stock market advantage was found to be the most popular motives for creative accounting practices among public limited companies in Nigeria. Fraudulent stock valuation and depreciation policies are the techniques mostly applied by the companies for the manipulations. Majority, seventy-two percent (72%) of participants admitted that creative accounting is either “totally legal” or “legal” if perpetrators simply exploit the loopholes in the standards, without being fraudulent and is rife among quoted companies in Nigeria and thus need to strengthen institutions regulating accounting.
Examining Sanctions on Syria: Possibilities for Effectiveness Based on a Spatial Model
Authors: Mustafa Bader
Published: January 2021

Sanctions are one of the most important tools used in foreign policy after World War II. Moreover, sanctions” subject is keeping to be a controversial one, even though the international institutions and powerful states are using sanctions since the beginning of the 20th century. However, the scientific and political community could not reach a clear-cut stand on sanctions” effectiveness. This ambiguity happens for many reasons: the humanitarian consequence of sanctions, the possibilities of achieving their goals, and the political disagreement between great powers like the use of the VETO right in the Security Council. Regarding Syria as the government and entities connected to it, are facing intensive sanctions starting from 2011 especially from the European Union, and the United States of America. Nevertheless, those sanctions were not the first case that Syria is facing sanctions in its history. Therefor his paper would investigate the cases of sanctions that been imposed on Syria, from 1979, until 2011 and after, according to (the spatial model conclusions, which suggests three directions for the result of sanctions; first sanctions success possibility unilaterally or multilaterally is high, if the sanctioned system is democratic and has a strong relationship with the sender. The second is; sanctions may have a positive result in changing an authoritarian regime if the nature of the sanctions were not fatal to the existence of the regime. The third is that sanctions on authoritarian regimes would fail if they target its existence and would result in overthrowing it.
Analysis of Natural Resources Management in Indonesia: Environmental Law Perspective
Authors: Djayaputra Dr. Gunawan
Published: January 2021

Natural resource management covers a wide spectrum of activities and projects because it has implications for the unity of the sub-national, national, and supranational territories in which these natural resources are managed. The purpose of this research is to investigate, analyze, and make efforts to solve problems related to natural resource management in Indonesia from an environmental law perspective. This study uses a normative and qualitative juridical approach and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary data as its sources, especially on studies of natural resource management from a legal perspective. The results of the study found that environmental law in Indonesia cannot be separated from an understanding of the development of global commitments, both those that function as guidelines (international soft law) and those that are binding (hard law) in the form of laws and regulations related to natural resource management policies in Indonesia. should be implemented consistently, measurably, and refers to the principles of good governance to maintain the continuity of functions and benefits of natural resources in Indonesia. as mandated by the 1945 Constitution.
EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL HABITS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: UZDİL Zeynep , KAYA Seda , ÇAKIROĞLU Funda Pınar
Published: January 2021

In this study, it has been aimed to evaluate nutritional status of university students during pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, 354 university students who were aged between 18-25 years were included. Students were contacted via an online questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, meal consumption, changes in food consumption, use of nutritional supplements and anthropometric measurements (body weight, body height) were questioned with a questionnaire form. 309 women (87,30%) student and 45 male (12,70%) student were included to the study. The most commonly used nutritional supplements were multi-vitamin/mineral and vitamin C (5,60% and 2,50%, respectively). Students stated that they changed the consumption of fatty and sugary foods and beverages in the pandemic. More than half of the students increased consumption of dark green vegetables (51,10%), fruit (fresh) (59,60%) and tea (54,80%). They skipped breakfast and snacks less, and skipped lunch more when compared to prepandemic period. More than half of them stated that they cleaned food and food packagings (78,50%), and made most of their food shopping (95,20%) from the grocery store. During the pandemic, it was determined that there were changes in the nutritional habits of the majority of university students, especially about the foods they preferred and their cleaning practices for foods.
LÜKS OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE SATIN ALMA KARARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: MEMİŞOĞLU Onur , KIRGIZ Ayça
Published: January 2021

Dünyada otomotiv sektörü hem büyüklüğü hem de etkisi bakımından en büyük tüketici pazarları arasında yer almaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ve evrimleşen değer yargıları ile birlikte otomotiv sektörü kendi içerisinde rekabeti arttırmış ve devamlı olarak gelişmeye devam etmiştir. Otomotiv sektörü insanların ulaşım ihtiyacını karşılamak ile birlikte pek çok kişisel ve toplumsal değerleri de içinde barındıran bir öğe haline gelmiştir. Lüks kavramı günümüzde otomotiv dünyası için önemli bir alan teşkil etmektedir. Önceleri sadece sınırlı bir kesimin sahip olabileceği lüks ürünler günümüzde kendini ayrıcalıklı hissetmek isteyen toplumun her kesiminin dikkatini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Tüketiciler satın aldıkları ürünlerin faydasından ziyade, o ürünün toplum üzerindeki algısıyla daha çok ilgilenmeye başlamışlardır. Lüks kavramı tam bu sırada insanların hayatına girmeyi başarmıştır. Bu çalışma ile lüks otomotiv sektöründe tüketicilerin satın alma kararlarını etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. 2019 yılında anket yöntemiyle toplanan veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Normal dağılım gösteren puanlar arasındaki ilişkide Pearson korelasyonundan, normal dağılım göstermeyen puanlar arasındaki ilişkide Spearmon Rho korelasyonundan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda tüketicilerin lüks otomobil tercihlerinde başta statü ve benzersizlik olmak üzere güvenlik ve konfor gibi farklı kriterlerin rol oynamasının yanı sıra çevreye duyarlı akıllı otomobillerin de tercih edilmesi dikkat çekmektedir.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Modulate Cytokine Production in vitro by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Croci Stefania , Bonacini Martina , Dolci Giovanni , Massari Marco , Facciolongo Nicola , Pignatti Elisa , Pisciotta Alessandra , Carnevale Gianluca , Negro Aurelio , Cassone Giulia , Muratore Francesco , Belloni Lucia , Zerbini Alessandro , Salvarani Carlo
Published: February 2021

A subset of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed a condition of hyper-inflammation, which can cause multi-organ damage and the more severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote tissue regeneration and modulate immune responses and, thus, have the rational requirements to be used to counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia and hyper-inflammation. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into possible mechanisms of action of MSCs obtained from human dental pulp [dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)] in COVID-19 patients. We investigated the concentrations of 18 cytokines in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from COVID-19 patients cultured in vitro alone and in contact with DPSCs. The modulation of cytokines in PBMCs was confirmed by real-time PCR. IL-6 was the sole cytokine detected in supernatants of DPSCs. In resting conditions, co-culture increased IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNFα, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels. When PBMCs were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibody-coated beads, co-culture increased IL-6 and GM-CSF, whereas it decreased IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-17A, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-27 levels. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 were not affected. The comparison of cytokine concentrations in supernatants of PBMCs from COVID-19 patients vs. healthy subjects revealed lower concentrations of IL-10 and higher concentrations of IL-18 in supernatants of CD3/CD28-activated PBMCs from COVID-19 patients. Results are explorative but indicate that DPSCs can modulate the production of cytokines deregulated in COVID-19 patients, supporting their potential use in COVID-19.
Beyond Neuronal Heat Sensing: Diversity of TRPV1 Heat-Capsaicin Receptor-Channel Functions
Authors: Shuba Yaroslav M.
Published: February 2021

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a calcium-permeable ion channel best known for its ability to be gated by the pungent constituent of red chili pepper, capsaicin, and related chemicals from the group of vanilloids as well as by noxious heat. As such, it is mostly expressed in sensory neurons to act as a detector of painful stimuli produced by pungent chemicals and high temperatures. Its activation is also sensitized by the numerous endogenous inflammatory mediators and second messengers, making it an important determinant of nociceptive signaling. Except for such signaling, though, neuronal TRPV1 activation may influence various organ functions by promoting the release of bioactive neuropeptides from sensory fiber innervation organs. However, TRPV1 is also found outside the sensory nervous system in which its activation and function is not that straightforward. Thus, TRPV1 expression is detected in skeletal muscle; in some types of smooth muscle; in epithelial and immune cells; and in adipocytes, where it can be activated by the combination of dietary vanilloids, endovanilloids, and pro-inflammatory factors while the intracellular calcium signaling that this initiates can regulate processes as diverse as muscle constriction, cell differentiation, and carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present review is to provide a clear-cut distinction between neurogenic TRPV1 effects in various tissues consequent to its activation in sensory nerve endings and non-neurogenic TRPV1 effects due to its expression in cell types other than sensory neurons.
Computational Efficiency of a Modular Reservoir Network for Image Recognition
Authors: Dai Yifan , Yamamoto Hideaki , Sakuraba Masao , Sato Shigeo
Published: February 2021

Liquid state machine (LSM) is a type of recurrent spiking network with a strong relationship to neurophysiology and has achieved great success in time series processing. However, the computational cost of simulations and complex dynamics with time dependency limit the size and functionality of LSMs. This paper presents a large-scale bioinspired LSM with modular topology. We integrate the findings on the visual cortex that specifically designed input synapses can fit the activation of the real cortex and perform the Hough transform, a feature extraction algorithm used in digital image processing, without additional cost. We experimentally verify that such a combination can significantly improve the network functionality. The network performance is evaluated using the MNIST dataset where the image data are encoded into spiking series by Poisson coding. We show that the proposed structure can not only significantly reduce the computational complexity but also achieve higher performance compared to the structure of previous reported networks of a similar size. We also show that the proposed structure has better robustness against system damage than the small-world and random structures. We believe that the proposed computationally efficient method can greatly contribute to future applications of reservoir computing.
Activation of Prefrontal Cortex in Process of Oral and Finger Shape Discrimination: fNIRS Study
Authors: Narita Noriyuki , Kamiya Kazunobu , Iwaki Sunao , Ishii Tomohiro , Endo Hiroshi , Shimosaka Michiharu , Uchida Takeshi , Kantake Ikuo , Shibutani Koh
Published: February 2021

Background

The differences in the brain activities of the insular and the visual association cortices have been reported between oral and manual stereognosis. However, these results were not conclusive because of the inherent differences in the task performance-related motor sequence conditions. We hypothesized that the involvement of the prefrontal cortex may be different between finger and oral shape discrimination. This study was conducted to clarify temporal changes in prefrontal activities occurring in the processes of oral and finger tactual shape discrimination using prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

Six healthy right-handed males [aged 30.8 ± 8.2 years (mean ± SD)] were enrolled. Measurements of prefrontal activities were performed using a 22-channel fNIRS device (ETG-100, Hitachi Medical Co., Chiba, Japan) during experimental blocks that included resting state (REST), nonsense shape discrimination (SHAM), and shape discrimination (SHAPE).

Results

No significant difference was presented with regard to the number of correct answers during trials between oral and finger SHAPE discrimination. Additionally, a statistical difference for the prefrontal fNIRS activity between oral and finger shape discrimination was noted in CH 1. Finger SHAPE, as compared with SHAM, presented a temporally shifting onset and burst in the prefrontal activities from the frontopolar area (FPA) to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In contrast, oral SHAPE as compared with SHAM was shown to be temporally overlapped in the onset and burst of the prefrontal activities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/FPA/OFC.

Conclusion

The prefrontal activities temporally shifting from the FPA to the OFC during SHAPE as compared with SHAM may suggest the segregated serial prefrontal processing from the manipulation of a target image to the decision making during the process of finger shape discrimination. In contrast, the temporally overlapped prefrontal activities of the DLPFC/FPA/OFC in the oral SHAPE block may suggest the parallel procession of the repetitive involvement of generation, manipulation, and decision making in order to form a reliable representation of target objects.
Re-Emergence of Minimal Residual Disease Detected by Flow Cytometry Predicts an Adverse Outcome in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wang Yu , Xue Yu-Juan , Jia Yue-Ping , Zuo Ying-Xi , Lu Ai-Dong , Zhang Le-Ping
Published: February 2021

Purpose

While the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment and the significance of achieving an MRD-negative status during treatment have been evaluated in previous studies, there is limited evidence on the significance of MRD re-emergence without morphological relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We sought to determine the clinical significance of MRD re-emergence in pediatric ALL patients.

Methods

Between 2005 and 2017, this study recruited 1126 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with ALL. Flow cytometry was performed to monitor MRD occurrence during treatment.

Results

Of 1030 patients with MRD-negative results, 150 (14.6%) showed MRD re-emergence while still on morphological complete remission (CR). Patients with white blood cell counts of ≥50 × 109/L (p = 0.033) and MRD levels of ≥0.1% on day 33 (p = 0.012) tended to experience MRD re-emergence. The median re-emergent MRD level was 0.12% (range, 0.01–10.00%), and the median time to MRD re-emergence was 11 months (range, <1–52 months). Eighty-five (56.6%) patients subsequently developed relapse after a median of 4.1 months from detection of MRD re-emergence. The median re-emergent MRD level was significantly higher in the relapsed cohort than in the cohort with persistent CR (1.05% vs. 0.48%, p = 0.005). Of the 150 patients, 113 continued to receive chemotherapy and 37 underwent transplantation. The transplantation group demonstrated a significantly higher 2-year overall survival (88.7 ± 5.3% vs. 46.3 ± 4.8%, p < 0.001) and cumulative incidence of relapse (23.3 ± 7.4% vs. 64.0 ± 4.6%, p < 0.001) than the chemotherapy group.

Conclusions

MRD re-emergence during treatment was associated with an adverse outcome in pediatric ALL patients. Transplantation could result in a significant survival advantage for these patients.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lymph Node Oligometastases: Real-World Evidence From 90 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Burkon Petr , Selingerova Iveta , Slavik Marek , Pospisil Petr , Bobek Lukas , Kominek Libor , Osmera Pavel , Prochazka Tomas , Vrzal Miroslav , Kazda Tomas , Slampa Pavel
Published: February 2021

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of extracranial stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of oligometastatic lymph node involvement in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis, in a consecutive group of patients from real clinical practice outside clinical trials.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 90 patients with a maximum of four oligometastases and various primary tumors (the most common being colorectal cancers). The endpoints were local control of treated metastases (LC), freedom from widespread dissemination (FFWD), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and freedom from systemic treatment (FFST). Acute and delayed toxicities were also evaluated.

Results

The median follow-up after SBRT was 34.9 months. The LC rate at three and five years was 68.4 and 56.3%, respectively. The observed median FFWD was 14.6 months, with a five-year FFWD rate of 33.7%. The median PFS was 9.4 months; the three-year PFS rate was 19.8%. The median FFST was 14.0 months; the five-year FFST rate was 23.5%. The OS rate at three and five years was 61.8 and 39.3%, respectively. Median OS was 53.1 months. The initial dissemination significantly shortened the time to relapse, death, or activation of systemic treatment—LC (HR 4.8, p < 0.001), FFWD (HR 2.8, p = 0.001), PFS (HR 2.1, p = 0.011), FFST (HR 2.4, p = 0.005), OS (HR 2.2, p = 0.034). Patients classified as having radioresistant tumors noticed significantly higher risk in terms of LC (HR 13.8, p = 0.010), FFWD (HR 3.1, p = 0.006), PFS (HR 3.5, p < 0.001), FFST (HR 3.2, p = 0.003). The multivariable analysis detected statistically significantly worse survival outcomes for initially disseminated patients as well as separately in groups divided according to radiosensitivity. No grade III or IV toxicity was reported.

Conclusion

Our study shows that targeted SBRT is a very effective and low toxic treatment for oligometastatic lymph node involvement. It can delay the indication of cytotoxic chemotherapy and thus improve and maintain patient quality of life. The aim of further studies should focus on identifying patients who benefit most from SBRT, as well as the correct timing and dosage of SBRT in treatment strategy.
Elicitation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 M2e and HA2-Specific Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Chicken Following Immunization With Recombinant M2e–HA2 Fusion Protein
Authors: Kalaiyarasu Semmannan , Bhatia Sandeep , Mishra Niranjan , Senthil Kumar Dhanapal , Kumar Manoj , Sood Richa , Rajukumar Katherukamem , Ponnusamy Boopathi , Desai Dhruv , Singh Vijendra Pal
Published: February 2021

The study was aimed to evaluate the elicitation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus (AIV) M2e and HA2-specific immunity in chicken to develop broad protective influenza vaccine against HPAI H5N1. Based on the analysis of Indian AIV H5N1 sequences, the conserved regions of extracellular domain of M2 protein (M2e) and HA2 were identified. Synthetic gene construct coding for M2e and two immunodominant HA2 conserved regions was designed and synthesized after codon optimization. The fusion recombinant protein (~38 kDa) was expressed in a prokaryotic system and characterized by Western blotting with anti-His antibody and anti-AIV polyclonal chicken serum. The M2e–HA2 fusion protein was found to be highly reactive with known AIV-positive and -negative chicken sera by ELISA. Two groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized (i/m) with M2e synthetic peptide and M2e–HA2 recombinant protein along with one control group with booster on the 14th day and 28th day with the same dose and route. Pre-immunization sera and whole blood were collected on day 0 followed by 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and 2 weeks after the second booster (42 day). Lymphocyte proliferation assay by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method revealed that the stimulation index (SI) was increased gradually from days 0 to 14 in the immunized group (p < 0.05) than that in control chicken. Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA analysis by RT-qPCR showed maximum upregulation in the M2e–HA2-vaccinated group compared to M2e- and sham-vaccinated groups. M2e–HA2 recombinant protein-based indirect ELISA revealed that M2e–HA2 recombinant fusion protein has induced strong M2e and HA2-specific antibody responses from 7 days post-primary immunization, and then the titer gradually increased after booster dose. Similarly, M2e peptide ELISA revealed that M2e–HA2 recombinant fusion protein elicited M2e-specific antibody from day 14 onward. In contrast, no antibody response was detected in the chicken immunized with synthetic peptide M2e alone or control group. Findings of this study will be very useful in future development of broad protective H5N1 influenza vaccine targeting M2e and HA2.
Morphology, Physiology and Analysis Techniques of Grapevine Bud Fruitfulness: A Review
Authors: Monteiro Ana I. , Malheiro Aureliano C. , Bacelar Eunice A.
Published: February 2021

Grapevine reproductive development extends over two growing seasons (vegetative cycles), for the complete formation of inflorescences and clusters. Induction and floral differentiation, the mechanism that leads to the formation of reproductive structures inside dormant buds, is a complex process divided into three well-defined stages (formation of anlagen, inflorescence primordia and flowers). This sequence of stages comprises morphological, biochemical, and physiological events, influenced by a set of environmental and endogenous factors. Inflorescence primordia formation determines the potential number of clusters that will be formed in the following growing season. Thus, during bud dormancy, viticulturists and winemakers can obtain a first yield prediction through the determination of bud fruitfulness. This information allows adjustments to be made to bud load, promoting balanced yield and fruit quality and higher commercial value. The present review describes the morphology and physiology of the formation of inflorescence primordia, as well as discusses the main abiotic and biotic factors involved, including a physiological disorder known as primary bud necrosis. In the same way, we intend to approach the more used techniques of analysis of fruitfulness and its importance for a robust yield forecasting.