bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SDG 2030, Agenda 2063, Russia-Ukraine War and Africa’s Development Possibilities
Authors: Mimiko N. Oluwafemi ‘Femi’
Published: December 2023

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2030) and Africa’s Agenda 2063 address clearly defined collective development agendas, while the war in Ukraine relates to strategic management. This paper takes a look at these seemingly differing, yet related subjects in the overall context of the development aspirations of Africa. It argues that SDG 2030 and Agenda 2063, like the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) before them, are basically efforts at strategic planning, and underscore the integrated nature of the global political economy. As well, the war in Ukraine, and its globally ramifying nature, demonstrate the logic of globalisation, which makes collective approach to the agenda of development imperative. While the highly disruptive orientation of the war is evident, the possibility of African countries taking advantage of some of its dimensions to deepen their location in the global supply chain exists. Such may, however, not be realisable outside of a nimble state system that Africa does not as yet present; a fact which also accounts for the very modest performance of the continent on the MDGs, SDG 2030, and Agenda 2063 initiatives. The expanding poverty net on the African continent is the most profound testimonial that Africa is still not acquitting itself creditably vis-à-vis these initiatives. The emergence and sustenance of an appropriately positioned developmental state is, therefore, a critical desideratum if the continent must moderate the massive disruptive impacts of the war in Ukraine, benefit from it where it can, and drive more determinedly towards the objectives of SDG 2030 and Agenda 2063.
On Nil-clean Neutrosophic Rings
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam - 638401, Tamil Nadu, India., Prabakaran P.
Published: December 2023

A ring is said to be nil-clean if every element of the ring can be written as a sum of an idempotent element and a nilpotent element of the ring. In this paper, we generalize this argument to neutrosophic structure. We introduce the structure of nil-clean neutrosophic ring and some of its elementary properties are presented. Also, we have found the equivalence between classical nil-clean ring R and the corresponding neutrosophic ring R(I), refined neutrosophic ring R(I1, I2), and n-refined neutrosophic ring Rn(I).
Critical Analysis of the Correlation Between Sport Events and Environment
Authors: Li Xinglin
Published: December 2023

The four levels of sport and environment interface: total control of environmental conditions, partial control, framed environmental conditions, and no control of the environment all influence the environment and condition of the sports that are played. As sports activities become more and more popular, more and more countries and organizations join sports activities. Sports activity is also increasingly harmful to the environment. Sports activities, for example, competition and training will all require a lot of traveling, which will heavily influence the environment. Therefore, in the long run, whether the event organizers should change the layout of the sports and how to arrange the sports games efficiently will become a question. The earth is already overwhelmed, the global climate is warming, and the Arctic glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate. Some countries have even been hit by typhoons. With the increasing occurrence of extreme weather, players and organizers have realized the importance of this issue and have started to take action during sports events. This research paper shows that the organizers have slowly changed the format of the competitions with more environmental concerns and protections. In this way, the government, organizers, and even players as well as the audiences start to contribute to the actions and solutions.
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Arts Education: Enhancing Students' Creative
Authors: Huang Danqi
Published: December 2023

This paper mainly mentions the application of artificial intelligence in the field of art education and its main impact on teachers and students in art education. This paper enumerates and expounds the role of artificial intelligence and how artificial intelligence can affect and improve students' innovation ability. This paper expounds the application of GANs and AR technology in the field of art education, and how these technologies improve students' innovation ability and improve students' academic performance. It discusses the ability of artificial intelligence to improve students' innovation ability in art education and its effect on teachers from multiple dimensions. Finally, the article discusses the education and challenges that artificial intelligence may face in the popularization of art education, the shortcomings and further improvement of artificial intelligence in the field of education, and lists the hidden dangers and threats existing in the use of AI. Finally, it expounds the great influence and function of artificial intelligence on art education in the future.
Analysis of Educational Anxiety under the Double Reduction Policy in the Context of Involution
Authors: Chen Yanling
Published: December 2023

Originally unique to the economic domain, the phenomenon of involution has extended its reach into the realm of education with the development of the times. In China, the manifestation of involution in education has emerged as a significant driver of educational anxiety, mainly drawing widespread attention at the compulsory education stage. The Chinese central government introduced the Double Reduction Policy in July 2021 to mitigate parental educational anxiety and foster a conducive educational ecosystem. This paper analyzes the Double Reduction policy from the perspective of involution, delving into the underlying rationale of Double Reduction as a means to alleviate educational anxiety. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the potential risks inherent in the involution of compulsory education and the escalation of educational anxiety in the post- Double Reduction era and provides some suggestions to mitigate these risks. The findings of this study not only serve as a catalyst for research into the involution of Chinas compulsory education system but also present fresh insights into mitigating educational anxiety.
Visual Femininity under the Male Gaze: Foot-binding Custom and Female Self-Censorship
Authors: Huang Ziqiang
Published: December 2023

In the social aesthetic system based on patriarchy, the standards and shaping of femininity are usually closely related to the male gaze, which puts forward a series of requirements for the daily behavior norms of women as objects, including clothing, speech, and body shape. Under the long-term moral judgment and social monitoring, while bearing the pressure of aesthetic standards, women have gradually strengthened their self-control and censorship in terms of femininity. This study will take the custom of female footbinding in traditional Chinese society as an example, and analyze how mens gazes contributed to the evolution of this aesthetic standard from the perspective of visual culture, and how women under the influence of this custom have strengthened their sense of self and even same-sex monitoring. The study found that patriarchal social norm constraints and objectified gaze strengthen womens control over self-image, and women themselves form self-monitoring under the background of habitual pressure, which still affects modern womens aesthetic self-evaluation today.
The Strategic Shift of U.S. Economic Framework Toward Asia Pacific: From TPP to IPEF
Authors: Zhu Zihao,
Published: December 2023

The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) represents a significant pan-regional economic endeavor by the United States in the Indo-Pacific region following its departure from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) in January 2017. The primary objective of the IPEF is to enhance and consolidate American economic influence within the Indo-Pacific region. One of the TPP objectives encompassed this aspect. The four critical pillars of IPEF are Trade; Supply Chains; Clean Economy; and Fair Economy. Member states can choose to participate in different areas as they wish, without committing to all areas. However, the accord's true efficacy is still in doubt because there are no legally enforceable trade agreements or processes. Today, the United States still has certain challenges competing in the Asia-Pacific area for geoeconomic benefits. The paper investigates the shift in U.S. economic policy towards the Asia-Pacific region, specifically analyzing the transition from the TPP to the IPEF. The research primarily concentrates on the fundamental aspects, distinguishing features, consequences, limitations, and prospective advancements of the IPEF.
Epidemiology comparison and analysis of Alzheimer's disease in China and the United States
Authors: Cheng Jiayin
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer's disease is a prominent cause of dementia in late adulthood and is recognized as a progressive, multifaceted neurological illness. Studies of incidence and prevalence have a considerable influence on how much of a burden the community and healthcare system must bear. The author will compare and contrast the epidemiological states of Alzheimer's disease in China and the United States, explain their disparities, and offer suggestions for China's future. This paper analyzes the U.S.s epidemiology situation, Chinas epidemiology situation, and then makes a comparison with three aspects. Epidemiology in America includes its overview, the difference between symptom-based data and biomarker-based data, the forecasted increase in prevalence between 2020-2025 in the states, the incidence, and the race; Chinas epidemiology describes the overview of Chinas Alzheimers disease situation and regional studies. It is discovered that Chinas decreasing mortality, Asian peoples prevalence are lower than white people, special regional research, and biomarker research are needed with which more research will be carried on.
Common sports injuries and physical treatments
Authors: Zhang Youlin
Published: December 2023

Physiotherapy is a non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical application of artificial physical factors and natural physical factors to the human body through the body's neurological, humoral, endocrine, immune and other physiological regulatory mechanisms to achieve the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. With the widespread popularity and popularity of sports, more people are participating in sports in which injuries become common at different levels of sports from daily recreation to high intensity competitive levels. Physical therapy is considered the first choice for sports people to treat sports injuries and is becoming common and mainstream in the field of sports injury treatment and rehabilitation. Physiotherapy has become critical as a primary treatment or secondary intervention after a sports injury and make sense in the rehabilitation of sports injuries. This article focuses on the physiotherapy treatment of common sports injuries in different sports. Common sports injuries in basketball include ankle sprains, meniscus tears, Achilles tendon ruptures, and patellar tendonitis. Common sports injuries in rugby include groin injuries and shoulder dislocations. Common sports injuries in baseball include ulnar collateral ligament injuries and rotator cuff injuries. Common sports injuries in tennis include epicondylitis of the elbow joint. Common injuries in soccer include medial collateral ligament sprains and calf strains. This article analyzes the anatomical structure of the above-mentioned common injury sites, the physical means of intervention and the different roles of physiotherapy in different sports injuries. The results of the article found that physiotherapy is available for all the sports mentioned above. However, depending on the injury in a sport, physiotherapy has a different proportion of the conventional treatment modalities.
Research progress on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in breast cancer treatment
Authors: Cai Yuxin
Published: December 2023

Cancer is viewed as a severe health issue because it is one of the leading causes of mortality on a global scale. The most frequent type of cancer in women and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide is breast cancer. Current treatments include surgical excision, hormone treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biological therapy. Although numerous treatments can relieve the symptoms or even cure the disease. Several genes are still waiting for discovery that affects the growing processes of tumors through a different pathway. Continuous effort is needed to develop more efficient and fewer side effect treatments. The genetic intervention has arisen as one of the most auspicious therapeutic alternatives in contemporary times. "CRISPR Cas9 has emerged as a compelling gene editing technology in the contemporary era, which is constructed by two main parts-the CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease section and the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) section. CRISPR technology has been successfully utilized to establish gene-specific cell lines and animal models for studying gene function and their products in pathogenesis, as well as interactions between different genes. This paper summarizes the recent years of experiments using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to explore the mechanism of breast carcinogenesis, find appropriate therapeutic targets, and discuss the latent capacity of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in breast cancer treatment.
The effect of eating sugar on weight loss
Authors: Hu Jiaye
Published: December 2023

The association between sugar consumption and weight loss has been the subject of debate for decades. Many people struggle to maintain a healthy weight due to their excessive sugar intake, which is a major contributor to the obesity problem. This paper seeks to investigate the effect of sugar consumption on weight loss, discussing the various research methods employed and the subject matter covered. This paper examined the effects of various types of sugars, the timing of sugar consumption, and the function of sugar in a balanced diet through a review of the relevant literature. This research has the potential to provide dietary recommendations and interventions for individuals attempting to lose weight, to better inform individuals about the relationship between sugar consumption and weight loss, and to assist healthcare professionals in providing evidence-based recommendations to patients.
The effect of light pollution and noise pollution on birds
Authors: Wang Jianyi
Published: December 2023

It is common knowledge that human society is developing faster and faster nowadays. As human society is developing, the cities are expanding. As the cities are expanding, more and more people are now in the city. To help these people live a better life, more and more resources are produced. After producing most of the products nowadays, there comes pollution. In this way, pollution is getting more and more serious. All of the pollution that is already in a city do not only affect human but also affect birds. One of the most common non pollution is air pollution, almost every city in the world has air pollution. But there are also two other kinds of pollution that is also harming the society and the animals in a serious way. They are light pollution and sound pollution. This passage focuses on these two types of pollution. Light pollution will cause birds to sleep less and may affect their migration way. The birds may be killed halfway on migration way because of the light may lead them to a loss of direction. Sound pollution also reduces the bird sleeping quality. This kind of pollution also cause birds to get food more difficult. By analyzing the effects of these pollution, some ways to help birds may be figured out.
The role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Nandrolone-Decanoate-induced liver fibrosis
Authors: Yang Qiying
Published: December 2023

To determine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its relationship with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during the process of developing liver fibrosis induced by Nandrolone Decanoate, 36 adult male Wistar rats are divided into 3 groups. Except for the control group, the other 2 experimental groups are injected with nandrolone decanoate (3.5 mg/kg/5 times/IM/week) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of injection, one experimental group (A) is decapitated. Samples from livers and plasma are obtained to conduct histopathological section, TNF-alpha ELISA, and EPR for ROS level. Then along with the same dosage of nandrolone decanoate, raxofelast (15mg/kg/day) is administrated orally to the experimental group (B) for another 4 weeks. The result of the histopathology section, ELISA, and EPR tests of group A and group B were compared. The degree of liver fibrosis, reactive oxygen species amount, and TNF-alpha level before and after the administration of antioxidants indicate the role of ROS in the development of TNF-alpha-mediated liver fibrosis. Another purpose of this experiment is to discuss the potential of antioxidants in the treatment of steroid-induced liver fibrosis.
Rabies proteins functions and future directions
Authors: Lyu Xintian
Published: December 2023

The rabies virus, which mostly originates from the bite of a sick dog or cat and spreads, kills tens of thousands of people each year, and it is super lethal, with almost no one surviving the infection, s so, everyone is afraid of it. The main body of the rabies virus is bullet-shaped, and each combination of proteins in it is an innate destroyer. From the destruction of cells by the G and M proteins to the transcription of the P and L proteins in concert with each other, the precision, and division of labor of the rabies virus are obvious. Of these, the L protein is the key to the operation of everything, and this paper will explore the destruction of each protein, thereby stopping the spread of RABV. In particular, the possibility that the L protein, unlike rabies vaccines currently on the market, might be a future drug design idea by destroying the structure of RABV after the virus enters the cell. Keywords: Rabies, RABV, Protein Matching, L protein.
Antibody therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease
Authors: Zhang Xining
Published: December 2023

Cancer and autoimmune diseases are gradually proven to be "two sides of the same coin". Many cancer patients develop manifestations of autoimmune diseases and rheumatism, especially those receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, patients with autoimmune diseases also have cancer combined, which may be related to chronic inflammation damage to DNA or clinical medication. Antibody therapies, pioneered by monoclonal antibody drugs, are now used extensively in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. The relationship between cancer and autoimmune diseases is gradually being discovered, and some antibody therapies have therapeutic effects on both types of diseases, perhaps because the two have common targets. In-depth study of the role of various targets in the occurrence and development of the two types of diseases, screen the common targets, and discover the antibody drugs that play an activation or inhibition role against the common targets, so as to achieve the effect of "same treatment for different diseases", which brings hope to patients with "cancer-autoimmune diseases". This paper discusses the relationship between the two types of diseases, summarizes the specific targets and corresponding diseases of some antibody therapies, and analyzes the current status of antibody therapy in the treatment of the two types of diseases, in order to explore the "dual therapy" potential of more antibody therapies in the future, and develop new targets and drugs.
The application of biomimetic limbs in postoperative rehabilitation of amputees
Authors: Yang Shuhan
Published: December 2023

Due to the inability to provide recovery opportunities, amputation is generally considered a failure of treatment. Traditional prostheses cannot interact with the surrounding environment, and the contact surface between the prosthesis and the residual limb is prone to wear and tear, causing pain to patients. Therefore, prostheses are generally regarded by patients as tools rather than a part of the body. In recent years, with the continuous development of artificial intelligence, materials science, and biomedical engineering technology, bionic limb technology has received widespread attention and application. Currently, bone integration and electromyography interface technology are widely applied in bionic limbs, allowing for more realistic and diverse options for prostheses for patients. Material innovation and machine learning technology can improve the mechanical performance, perceptual feedback effects, and autonomous learning ability of bionic limbs, but further research and exploration are still needed. This review paper aims to summarize and evaluate the current development status, application areas, and future research directions of bionic limb technology.
Application of psilocybin in mental health disorders
Authors: Chen Jingxuan
Published: December 2023

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound, which has been used for ages in traditional settings for religious and therapeutic use. Recent studies have renewed interest in psilocybin for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating depression and anxiety. The pharmacodynamics of psilocybin are complex, involving its rapid conversion to psilocin and its activity on various serotonin receptors, particularly the 5HT2A/C and 5HT1A receptors. In addition, psilocybin can increase glutamate release, which is believed to be an important mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated that psilocybin has a long-lasting antidepressant effect, with little to no side effects. However, it is necessary to further study the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential and to optimize its use in clinical settings. Overall, the promising findings suggest that psilocybin may offer a valuable alternative to traditional antidepressant therapies for individuals suffering from depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, studies have shown that this drug also has certain benefits for mental disorders such as addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, it is necessary to continue exploring the potential of psilocybin as a novel strategy in treating mental health disorders.
Protein folding and mental health: The impact of protein misfolding on neurological disorders
Authors: Geng Jie
Published: December 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are psychiatric disorders that significantly impact an individual's ability to function effectively within society. MDD is characterized by persistent low mood, leading to symptoms such as anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness, and cognitive impairments. BD, another mood disorder, is typified by recurrent episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. The disorder is associated with increased risk of suicide, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and impaired functioning across various domains. SCZ, a severe psychiatric disorder primarily characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, affects approximately 1% of the global population. The cognitive, social, and occupational impairments associated with SCZ impose a substantial burden on affected individuals and their families. Even though it sounds like three completely different mental disorders, because of the high degree of matching of symptoms, we firmly believe that there is a relationship between these mental disorders. Protein folding is crucial for proper protein function, and misfolding can lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Through recent research findings, we found that the changes in A plaques and tau tangles appeared in the typical psychiatric diseases mentioned above. This paper explored the impact of protein misfolding, changes in A plaques, and tau tangles on neurological disorders, with a focus on depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, also examines the role of molecular chaperones in preventing misfolding and the impact of protein misfolding.
Role of adipose-derived stem cells in osteoarthritis
Authors: Tang Xinyi , Yu Xuezhi
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degenerative condition affecting the joints, is especially prevalent in the elderly population. While pharmacological interventions are available to alleviate pain associated with this condition, their therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Furthermore, the potential for adverse reactions may inhibit satisfactory clinical outcomes in OA treatment. Recent studies indicate adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), due to their ease of procurement and expandability, as a promising alternative. These cells serve as an essential source for bone tissue engineering, given their ability to differentiate into various cell types, and thus, their transplantation may offer a novel approach in OA treatment. The relative abundance of ADSCs in human and animal bodies, coupled with the ease of material collection, lends them unique advantages. This review explores the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, the biological characteristics of ADSCs, mechanisms of chondrogenesis, and their therapeutic potential for OA. We also delve into various culture methods associated with these cells, with the objective of offering fresh insights for clinical OA management.
The gut microbiome - an essential role for human health
Authors: Li Boyuan
Published: December 2023

The complex and vast ecosystem of microorganisms within the gut, known as the gut microbiome, plays an important role in regulating numerous biological systematics. From immune system function and metabolism to brain health and enteric nervous system regulation, dysbiosis or changes in its composition can have significant impacts on human wellbeing such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and enteric neuropathies. Fortunately, research has uncovered the potential for targeting and manipulating the gut microbiome as a strategy in managing a wide variety of human ailments. By focusing on promoting a healthy balance within the guts microbial community, experts believe that theoretically curative treatments could arise related to the reduction/prevention of many diverse conditions which affect overall health. Through advances in understanding this crucial mechanism, we may be able to develop more effective therapies to promote optimal human health. As genetic sequencing technology continues expanding our knowledge in the field, future breakthroughs await those who patiently continue studying the fascinating world of the gut microbiome.
Research on healthy human sleep circadian rhythms
Authors: Wang Bingyu
Published: December 2023

The exhaustion of humans during the day is the primary motivation for this paper. Circadian Rhythm is a necessary system, which is the 24-hour cycle that is part of humans inner clock that controls and organizes the essential functions and processes in our body. A significant example of circadian rhythms is the cycle of sleep-wake. Sleep is an inalienable part of human life (humans will die for sure if they stay awake for 10 years). However, the length of sleep will decrease based on humans age. The older human is, the less sleep they will require. However, circadian rhythm can greatly impact dietary intake and physical activities and is fundamentally impacted by brightness and sleep-inducing substances. And this paper will introduce how to scientifically set up the circadian rhythm, and how to maintain a healthy circadian rhythm by utilizing those 4 main factors. So that reduces the exhaustion for humans dyscalculia from the circadian rhythms; and implies a healthy, positive, and efficient society. And the goal for this paper is that advising human maintain a consistently daily life which can greatly reduce exhaustion.
HIF-1 inhibitor PX-478 for cancer therapy and other fields
Authors: Zhang Lingquan
Published: December 2023

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1) is a crucial transcription factor for tumor growth and progression. PX-478, a small molecule HIF-1 inhibitor, has been extensively studied for its potential as an anti-cancer agent in preclinical studies. This paper provides an overview of the current status of PX-478 in cancer treatment, with a focus on its application in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), lung cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and other kinds of cancer. This article discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PX-478, as well as the findings of preclinical and clinical studies conducted to date. The evidence suggests that PX-478 has promising potential as a therapeutic agent for various cancer types. However, further research is needed to fully comprehend the compound's potential benefits and limitations and its optimal clinical application.
Limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement
Authors: Lin Xingtong
Published: December 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a new biological immunotherapy approach. This paper is an overview of the limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement. This paper starts with the mechanism of CAR-T, briefly describes the pathogenesis, and then provides a detailed description of the three types of CAR-T toxicity and their mechanisms, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cellassociated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and CAR-T-associated encephaly syndrome (CRES). In the end, the paper proposes several possible improvements to improve the current situation, summarizes the corresponding improvements, and looks forward to the future.
Nutritional needs and dietary disease prevention measures of the elderly
Authors: Zhang Tianyu
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the phenomenon of population aging has become increasingly severe, and population aging and chronic diseases in the elderly have become a serious global challenge that must be addressed immediately. Due to deteriorating physiological functions, the elderly's metabolic rate has slowed, their ability to absorb and digest nutrients is poor, and their resistance to disease has progressively diminished. Therefore, the elderly should adhere to a rational and scientific diet to supplement the various nutrients their bodies require for optimal health. In this paper, the author examines the nutritional requirements of the geriatric and the diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies, such as osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, stomach diseases, intestinal diseases, and dental diseases, among others. Suitable preventative measures are also proposed, which can strengthen the dietary structure of senior citizens in China, improve their health, and reduce their risk of chronic diseases to a certain degree.
Analysis on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cancer cells
Authors: Wang Dingwen
Published: December 2023

One consequence of being in a low-oxygen environment is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is one mechanism to alleviate this condition. In recent years, numerous researchers have proposed employing the UPR in cancer therapy. Apoptosis of cancer cells can be induced by targeting the UPR in a variety of ways. This can be triggered by a number of drugs, some of which induce ER stress while others suppress the unfolded protein response and hence cause death in cancer cells. Through a literature review and analysis, this paper will discuss ER stress in a hypoxic microenvironment, the role of the unfolded protein response in cancer cells, and the therapeutic targeting of the unfolded protein response's protective pathways in the treatment of cancer.
Research progress and preventive strategy of HPV and cervical cancer and other related cancers
Authors: Wang Ziyanran
Published: December 2023

This paper comprehensively reviews the research on the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer and other cancers and expounds the pathogenesis of cancer caused by HPV and its negative impact on the body. The screening methods and their effectiveness are reviewed, and the relevant research and latest developments of vaccines are summarized. First, the basic knowledge about HPV (including the structure and typing of the virus and the mechanism of infection of the virus) is introduced, and the screening method and its effectiveness are explored. Furthermore, the relationship between cervical cancer and HPV infection (including the mechanism of occurrence, the type of virus that causes cervical cancer, and the characteristics after infection) is discussed emphatically. Subsequently, the relationship between HPV infection and other cancers (including the mechanism of infection, classification and post-infection characteristics) was further explored, such as oral cancer, anal cancer, and reproductive organ cancer (except cervical cancer that has been introduced above). In the end, the current research results on HPV prevention and the challenges to be met from the current point of view are summarized, and the outlook and some suggestions for the research direction of future vaccines are made.
Perspectives for the development of therapeutic Tasmanian devil facial tumor diseases
Authors: Chu Yuhui
Published: December 2023

The Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease is an emergent transmissible cancer. The Tasmanian devil is the only unextinct member of the genus, and now only lives in Tasmania, Australia, and is known as the "Tasmanian Devil". Tasmanian devil facial neoplasia is a contagious cancer. Since 1996, the disease has been afflicting in Tasmanian devils. In 2006, scientists looked at the cancer cell chromosomes of Tasmanian devils and found that the cancer could be transmitted through bites between Tasmanian devils. It has two different types of DFT, including DFT1 and DFT2. Since the trend of extinction was discovered in 2009, researchers have tried to find a way to save the animal. The knowledge about the tumor and the devil is also learned deeper. Vaccination, including prophylactic vaccine and therapeutic vaccine, is one of the possible solutions. The vaccine technology has been developing rapidly since the last century and has already cured or stopped the expression of some deadly diseases both in humans and animals. Introduction of common vaccine technology will be made and their potential application in DFTD will be discussed in this passage. This review introduces the current research status of vaccine& other therapy development for Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease and summarizes the current problems and solutions in this research field. Although the species is facing great danger of extinction, not enough experiments and clinical trials have been carried out to find a way of saving it.
Research progress of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in construction of cancer models
Authors: Wang Tengfei
Published: December 2023

Gene editing broadly refers to a range of scientific techniques that can override a cells intrinsic genetic code. Gene editing may, for instance, have a crucial therapeutic role in altering the expression of genes that can contribute to the development of cancer by modulating oncogenic signaling pathways. Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases around the globe. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, curative therapies have been challenging to identify. Numerous therapeutic methods have already been found and developed, such as small molecule inhibitors and gene therapies, but novel therapeutic strategies, in the form of gene editing, are required to be explored. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, combined with advancing computer and imaging capabilities has made it possible to accurately diagnose diseases, predict disease susceptibility based on individual genome, and even to modify genetic information. It has important application value in gene function research, tumor mouse model construction and cancer therapy because of its high efficiency and precision. The discovery and advancement of CRISPR-Cas9 may shed light on the future direction for cancer treatment and present a solution for curing cancer. In this review, the mechanisms of action of CRISPR-Cas9 and its delivery into cells will be explored. Both in vitro and in vivo cancer models created by CRISPR-Cas9 will be discussed and the advantages and limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 system will be examined.
CAR T cell therapy: Current limitations and advancements in treating solid tumors
Authors: Zhang Sofia Zhou
Published: December 2023

An emerging technology that tackles cancer via immunotherapy known as CAR T cell therapy has been gaining great popularity after its success in treating leukemia and other forms of blood cancer. However, major advancement to treat other forms of cancer have not been attained as this treatment is still facing major obstacles in addressing solid tumors due to tumor heterogeneity, hostile microenvironment, on-target/off-tumor toxicities, antigen specificity, and difficult infiltration. Moreover, this treatment has also been associated with threatening side-effects like mass dieoff of antibody producing B cells, CRS, and ICANS. Thus, because of simplified manipulation yet lack of knowledge of the physiology behind the mechanisms, significant progress has not yet been achieved-though on its way. Scientists explored multiple ways of addressing these major challenges by researching on feasible techniques, antigens, and mechanisms that can increase T cell reproduction, decrease toxicity, overcome and infiltrate into the hostile microenvironment, and target multiple antigens via TAA. It is a technology that is not yet fully developed; therefore, physicians still opt to target cancer via other forms of immunotherapies, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies including chemotherapy, drug consumption, and surgery. As clinical results for CAR T cell therapy have not presented prosperous results in targeting solid tumors, the future for research on solid tumors is still unclear. Scientists might either opt for other methods like microwave ablation, the use of TT fields, different combinations of current therapies to maximize efficiency, and ADCs.
The association between different nutrients and the risk of iron deficiency: NHANES 2017-2020
Authors: Zhang Huyang
Published: December 2023

Iron homeostasis is important in the human health system. Abnormal iron homeostasis, such as iron deficiency (ID), may cause diseases such as anemia. Iron status is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of factors, including nutrient intake. This research is needed to understand better the different nutrients which influence iron status and to develop effective strategies for improving iron status in at-risk populations. NHANES 2017-2020 data was used to simulate the linear regression model to predict the relationship between different nutrients the iron status. Results revealed that the positive association was not strong between selected nutrients (Magnesium, Protein.1, Sodium) and ferritin level (r=0.09723); the positive relationship was not strong as well between selected nutrients (Protein.1, Cholesterol, Magnesium) and transferrin. (r=0.2202).
A Comprehensive study on the application of deep brain stimulation in PTSD
Authors: Zhang Jingyi
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, with the rapid development of society, stress from all aspects promotes increasing rates of getting mental health issues or illness. Among them, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the famous mental problems that is noticed by people heavily in recent years. At the same time, great progress in the field of medical-surgical technology has also been made. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a neurosurgical process that requires implanting electrodes in specific brain regions, can be used to treat PTSD to some extent. This reviewed the previous research and study conducted using DBS targeting PTSD, synthesized results and found that DBS treatment is currently mainly at the preclinical stage; Amygdala is the most common brain region that being targeted by DBS; The combination of several treatments is more effective than only DBS treatment; and most studies about the effects of DBS on PTSD were conducted on animal models. Whats more, the future study direction of this related topic including the Nonhuman Primate Research and DBS treatment with other disorders such as Parkinsons Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD) is also included.
The influence of immunology and anesthesia on cancer
Authors: Qin Suo
Published: December 2023

Oncogenesis, characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, poses a global concern due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical interventions, often involving anesthetics, are common in cancer patients. Understanding their effects can lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment, especially in the context of immunotherapy. Researchers have identified how the immune system and anesthetics affect the recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Immunotherapy, which utilizes the immune system to target tumors, has shown promise in clinical trials. In the adaptive immune system, T cells and B cells play significant roles in tumor detection and elimination. The immune system consists of innate and adaptive systems that help fight infections and diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger non-specific inflammatory responses in the innate immune system. Anesthesia is commonly administered to cancer patients, but different methods and groups of anesthesia exert divergent effects on oncological progression. Some studies have suggested a potential correlation between specific inhalation anesthetics and the modulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Considering the interaction between the immune system and anesthetics, different combinations have the potential to either promote or inhibit cancer metastasis. Further exploration of these interactions is crucial for optimizing the administration of anesthesia in cancer patients and maximizing the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review sheds light on the complex interplay between immunotherapy, anesthesia, and cancer progression, providing valuable insights for future advancements in cancer treatment strategies.
Skin cancer and its associated factors using behavioral risk factor surveillance system data
Authors: Yang Yang
Published: December 2023

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. The The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveyed 438,693 US participants aged 18 and above in 2021, providing valuable insight into skin cancer patterns and associated risk factors. Among the participants, 427,883 did not have any missing values, 9.44% had skin cancer. Exploratory association analysis of skin cancer was performed using a dataset with complete values, including five covariates: age, sex, BMI, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Single-variant association analysis on these variables revealed significant associations with skin cancer for all covariates. Subsequently, multi-variant logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between skin cancer and age (5 year, beta=0.33 CI= (0.33, 0.34)), sex (female, beta=-0.19, CI= (-0.21, -0.16)), race/ethnicity (Black, beta= -2.68, CI= (-2.82, -2.55); Asian, beta= -2.30, CI=(-2.53, -2.08); American Indian/Alaskan Native, beta=-1.00, CI= (-1.14, -8.87); Hispanic, beta= -1.61, CI=(-1.71, -1.52)), and smoking status (current smokers, beta= -0.18, CI=(-0.22, -0.13); former smoker, beta=0.05, CI=(0.02, 0.07)). Additionally, two-way interactions among some of these factors were explored, and the interactions of age by BMI, age by sex (Female), and race/ethnicity (Hispanics) by current smoking were significantly associated with skin cancer, with p-values of <1 10-6, <1 10-6, and 2.63 10-6 respectively. Overall, our data validated the conclusion that age, sex, and race/ethnicity were the three most significantly-associated factors to skin cancer. This finding hints at possible guidance on how to identify groups that are at a greater risk of developing skin cancer, though further research is needed to control for covariates not examined here.
Review on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetes (TD1&TD2)
Authors: Song Wenqing
Published: December 2023

Multiple randomized controlled trials support the concept that low vitamin D levels are linked to elevated glycemic levels in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and that supplementing with vitamin D can help alleviate these symptoms. This research aims to shed light on the debate surrounding the link between vitamin D deficiency and type 1 and type 2 diabetes by reviewing the existing scientific literature, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions about the potential effects of vitamin D deficiency on diabetes progression. Researching this topic is important because it might culminate in the development of a new diabetes diagnostic test standard, which would greatly expedite the diagnosis process for a greater number of patients. In addition, it can educate the public on the importance of preventing and treating both conditions, thus enhancing patient care. In conclusion, there is strong evidence linking vitamin D insufficiency to both sexes of diabetes, suggesting that it may be an underlying cause in this disease.
A review of the latest research and development of the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Ding Yi
Published: December 2023

The novel coronavirus is a respiratory transmitted disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in China at the end of 2019. It is surprisingly highly contagious, and the original virus has a strong fatality rate. Scientists responded quickly to study the structure and genomic characteristics of the virus, gained an in-depth understanding of the infection characteristics and pathogenesis of the virus, and provided valuable experience for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus. At present, scientists are actively working on vaccines and treatments to meet the challenges of the novel coronavirus. Although some breakthroughs have been made in vaccine research and development, the global epidemic is still serious. This article summarizes the latest research results in order to provide inspiration for the control, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 so as to protect people's life and health.
Review of the research and development status of siRNA drugs for gene therapy
Authors: Peng Yunfei
Published: December 2023

Gene therapy is a new kind of therapy technology, which can modify or manipulate gene expression, gene silencing, and other functions, or change the biological characteristics of cells, so as to achieve the goal of curing disease at the gene level. It is not restricted by the drug-forming property of the target protein and has obvious advantages compared with traditional protein drug therapy. To develop small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) drugs for gene therapy, the mechanism of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi), which was discovered more than 30 years ago, can be taken as a basis. Later, scientists' unremitting exploration made siRNA drugs develop rapidly. So far, there are five kinds of siRNA drugs listed, with good application prospects. This paper aims to summarize the existing siRNA drugs and explore their shortcomings, as well as some existing improvement measures, thereby pointing out the direction of drug development and providing some help for the better application of siRNA drugs. According to the analysis, it is found that there are still some dilemmas in the research and development of siRNA drugs in terms of stability, targeting accuracy, long-term effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Meanwhile, the performance of the drug delivery system also determines whether the drug can play an effective role. Some improvements have been proposed in this paper, such as modifying drug molecules or improving delivery systems to help drugs function better, which could be the direction of future drug progress.