bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DROUGHT RISK IN THE SEMI-ARID OF BAHIA
Authors: São José Rafael Vinicius de , Greco Roberto , Zezzo Larissa Vieira , Coltri Priscila Pereira
Published: October 2024

Drought is a complex and poorly understood climatic phenomenon. Drought risk studies are vital factors in formulating public policies. This research aimed to characterize the drought risk in the semi-arid region of Bahia, emphasizing the agricultural sector. To this end, risk scenarios were elaborated, considering the concepts associated with risk theory. Four key indicators were considered for vulnerability: agricultural, environmental, technological, and educational. The results indicate that the semi-arid region’s risk is at least high for all drought conditions. In more intense drought conditions, the risk is critical. All the scenarios showed that due to the vulnerabilities found, drought in the region can generate a climate crisis of immeasurable proportions and consequences at diferent scales. We also demonstrate that the drought risk in the region seems to be more closely linked to socio-spatial particularities than to the severity of the phenomenon itself, highlighting the need for specific public policies. It was concluded, therefore, that more intense drought scenarios can increase the uncertainty of agricultural activities and intensify food insecurity, resulting in social turbulence and putting the region at high risk for agricultural activity. However, with access to appropriate technologies, sustainable agricultural and environmental management related to the region's climate rhythm, and high educational investments for the local population, it is possible to coexist with the particularities of the tropical climate in the semi-arid region. Keywords: Precipitation, Anomaly, Disaster.
Cryoablation for intrapulmonary bronchial cyst: A case report
Authors: Li Zhong-Hai , Ma Yang-Yang , Niu Li-Zhi , Xu Ke-Cheng
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Bronchial cysts are congenital malformations usually located in the mediastinum, and intrapulmonary localization is very rare. Cryoablation is a novel therapeutic approach that promotes tumor necrosis and stimulates anti-tumor immune responses.

CASE SUMMARY

This article reports a case of a 68-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst by computed tomography examination and pathology, and the patient subsequently underwent cryoablation therapy and achieved complete response with after 3 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts are very rare, cryoablation therapy is feasible, safe, and effective for intrapulmonary bronchial cysts.
Features of proinflammatory activation of macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bogatyreva A. I. , Kiseleva D. G. , Cherednichenko V. R. , Markina Yu. V. , Kirichenko T. V.
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are chronic pathological conditions that arise from an abnormal immune response and are accompanied by systemic inflammation. The most common ARDs include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The exact pathogenesis of ARDs remains unclear, but the complex influence of genetic, immunological and external environmental factors leads to the occurrence and further progression of ARDs. It has been shown that the cause of chronic inflammation may be proinflammatory activation of macrophages, in which an increase in the secretion of cytokines is observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response of macrophages in patients with RA, SLE and SSc. Materials and methods. The study included 143 participants: 47 patients with RA, 45 patients with SLE, 34 patients with SSc, and 17 people without ARDs and other chronic diseases. Isolation of a primary culture of monocytes was carried out by centrifugation in a ficoll gradient using magnetic separation from the whole blood of study participants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to stimulate cells along the proinflammatory pathway. Cell cultivation was carried out for 24 hours. Determination of basal and LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-8 by macrophages was carried out in the culture fluid using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proinflammatory activation of macrophages was calculated as the ratio of LPS-stimulated and basal IL-8 secretion. Research results. Basal secretion of IL-8 by macrophages was statistically significantly higher in the groups of patients with RA and SSc compared with the SLE and control groups. LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-8 by macrophages in the SSc group had statistically higher values compared to the RA and SLE groups. Proinflammatory activation of macrophages was reduced in the group of patients with RA compared to patients with SLE and the control group, and was also statistically significantly lower in patients with SSc compared to the control group.
The paradigm of possibilities leading to the formation of autoimmune and infectious phenotypes of common variable immune deficiency
Authors: Sizyakina L. P. , Andreeva I. I. , Danilova D. I.
Published: October 2024

The term variable in the definition of CVID is associated with the heterogeneity of the genetic nature and clinical manifestation of this variant of PI. Deciphering of the mechanisms or identifying biomarkers of clinical heterogeneity may be important in the timely diagnosis and prognosis of the course of CVID. The purpose of the study was to identify distinctive features in the parameters of the innate and adaptive immune response of the patients with infectious and autoimmune manifestations of CVID in remission and clinical manifestation. Fifteen patients, 11 women and 4 men with an average age 39.7±11.7 years were examined, and they were divided into two subgroups depending on clinical verification: infectious phenotype (10 people) and autoimmune phenotype (5 people). In the absence of clinical signs of activation of autoimmune pathology or exacerbation of chronic infectious processes, peripheral blood monocytes became the application point of distinctive values. An increase in the number of TLR9-expressing monocytes has been shown in patients with autoimmune clinical verification of CVID. The differences in the parameters of the immune status of patients conducted during the period of clinical manifestation consisted of a decrease in the relative content and absolute number of T regulatory lymphocytes, and an increase in the number of monocytes containing TLR9, TLR2 and HLA-DR in patients with an autoimmune phenotype relative to the subgroup with infectious manifestation. The data obtained reflect the involvement of the immunoregulatory potential of the immune system in the clinical manifestation of primary immunodeficiency, even under the conditions of pathogenetic substitution therapy. The evidence of the stated position is a decrease in immunosuppression in autoimmune manifestation due to a decrease in the number of peripheral T-regulatory cells and a smaller proportion of monocyte cells belonging to the M2 suppressive category. Attention is also drawn to the increased potential of primary response to patterns of various nature in autoimmune manifestation due to an increase in the number of monocytes expressing Toll-like receptors of various specificity. The presented results can be proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of the difference in clinical phenotypes of CVID.
Alterations in expression of TLR2 and TLR4 during successful and pathological aging
Authors: Khasanova E. M. , Grechenko V. V. , Gromova T. V. , Skhodova S. A. , Gankovskaya L. V.
Published: October 2024

The generally accepted theory of aging is the theory of inflammaging. The leading role in its development is played by the mechanisms of innate immunity. Key receptors of innate immunity are TLRs. The patterns of age-related changes in the functioning of the TLR system remain the subject of study. The purpose of the work is to study the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors in peripheral blood cells of centenarians and elderly people at the level of genes and surface molecules.
The study analyzed the expression of genes and molecules TLR2 and TLR4 in young donors (n = 50), elderly people (n = 50) and centenarians (n = 100). Analysis of TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression was carried out using RT-PCR. Determination of surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was carried out using flow cytofluorimetry.
This study is the first to analyze the age-related dynamics of expression of genes and molecules TLR2 and TLR4. It was revealed that in groups of elderly patients and long-livers, TLR2 expression is increased both at the gene and on the cell surface, compared to young donors. In contrast, TLR4 expression decreased with age. Studied groups of patients were divided depending on the aging phenotype into two subgroups: successful and pathological aging. In elderly individuals, TLR2 is increased in both phenotypes, while TLR4 is decreased in the pathological aging. In the group of centenarians with a pathological aging, a decrease in both TLR2 and TLR4 is observed, compared with young. In long-livers with successful aging, an increase in TLR2 expression was observed at the gene and protein level and TLR4 expression was comparable to the group of young individuals.
Identified changes in the expression of TLR2 and TLR4, observed in different age groups, can be considered as markers of various aging phenotypes.
A novel immunopharmacological biocompound
Authors: Zabokritskiy N. A.
Published: October 2024

The publication is devoted to topical issues of experimental study of new biocompounds, based on the creation of a consortium of biological composite compounds – biological active substances (metabiotics) produced by strains 59T and 60T of saprophytic compounds of the genus Bacillus subtilis. These strains are very promising for the creation of hepatopicts, new medicinal substances, in the creation and development of a new pharmacological class of hepatoprotectors. Previous studies have shown the safety and hepatoprotective effect of biologically active drugs. It is worth noting that the very effective compounds are the produced biologically active substances – metabolites of bacterial origin, on the basis of which it seems appropriate to create a new class of drugs – metabiotics. The absence of vegetative probiotic cells in such compounds will reduce the additional immune load on the body. The combined use of these compounds provides a potentiated pharmacological effect. In this regard, it seemed appropriate, under the conditions of modeling toxic liver damage by carbon tetrachloride, to conduct an experimental assessment of the immunotropic effect of biologically active substances (BAS) on laboratory animals in order to confirm the effect on cellular factors of immunity. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of the combined use of dietary supplements produced by Bacillus subtilis microorganisms on indicators of cellular immunity in laboratory animals with toxic liver damage. Acute toxic hepatitis was reproduced in white laboratory rats with repeated intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride. The comparison drug was a registered hepatoprotective drug – ursosan. The immunotropic effect was assessed using factors such as: phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils (FA), NBT test, quantitative assessment of antibody-forming cells, T and B lymphocytes. As a result of the studies performed, reliable data were obtained on an increase in the number of T and B lymphocytes, antibody-forming cells, as well as an increase in FA, which confirms the activation of all parts of cellular immunity in conditions of acute toxic liver damage. The data obtained allow us to recommend the studied biocompound for the creation of new drug candidates of microbiological origin, hepatoprotective agents with immunotropic effects.
Phagocytic activity of neutrophil blood granulocytes in children with chronic non-specific lung diseases with post-inflammatory pneumofibrosis
Authors: Evseeva G. P. , Knizhnikova E. V. , Abdulina N. O. , Pichuginа S. V. , Chaika M. S.
Published: October 2024

One of the reasons for the development of chronic forms of lung diseases and pneumofibrosis as a pathological outcome of this inflammation may be an insufficient immune response. The key position belongs to neutrophilic granulocytes. Given the importance and renewed interest in neutrophils as tools for regulating immunity, leading to the progression of the fibrous process in children with CKD is an urgent problem. The purpose of the study was to study the phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils as an important component of innate immunity in patients with CNLD. Seventy children with CNLD with focal or segmental post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis were examined. Of these, 27 were children with progression of PPF (main group) and 43 children with PPF without progression (comparison group). The controls were the indicators of 23 healthy children, comparable by gender and age. The studies were carried out during clinical remission. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils (PНAN), phagocytic number (PN), spontaneous and stimulated NBT test were determined. The stimulation index of the NBT test (NBTst-NBTsp) was calculated. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using a BD FACS Calibur cytometer (USA) (BD Pharmigen, USA).
PN in children with chronic heart disease with progressive PF was significantly reduced in comparison with patients in the comparison group and with the control group. The PHAN in children with CKD in both groups was within the standard values, however, it was lower than in the control group. The activity of the spontaneous HBT test in children of the main group was 1.7 times higher than in children in the comparison group and 3 times higher than in children from the control group. However, the stimulation index in the main group was significantly lower than in the control group. An increase in cells with a reduced membrane potential of granulocyte mitochondria was revealed in children of the main group compared with the control group. Children with CKD with the progression of fibrosis processes develop changes in the functional and metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils typical for an inflammatory reaction, characterized by an increase in oxygen-dependent and a decrease in phagocytic cell activity.
Immunocorrective effects of Tricor fenofibrate in the treatment of the early and intermediate stages of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Balatskaya N. V. , Kulikova I. G. , Eremeeva E. A. , Andryushin A. E.
Published: October 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment, blindness and disability in the elderly. Treatment of end-stage AMD is extremely limited and requires invasive interventions. Currently, there is an active search for remedies aimed at preventing the degenerative process in the retina in the early stages of the disease. AMD is a multifactorial pathology, has common mechanisms with diseases associated with aging, metabolic shifts and hemodynamic disorders. The study of the effects of drugs already used to correct these disorders in the general clinic may also be of interest to ophthalmologists. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of inflammatory markers of activation of the vascular endothelium and cytokines of the immune response in the tear fluid (TF) of patients with initial and intermediate stages of AMD against the background of the use of Tricor fenofibrate. 65 people were examined, divided into three groups according to the AREDS classification: group I – 20 people with early AMD (AREDS2), group II – 16 patients with intermediate AMD (AREDS3), 29 healthy elderly people without ophthalmopathology entered the age control group (AREDS1 – risk group). Patients of groups I and II received Tricor at a dose of 145 mg once a day for 9 months. Tear fluid (TF) was taken twice: before and immediately after the completion of the course of treatment. The determination of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-, sP-selectin and MCP-1/CCL2 in CS was performed by flow cytometry using a self-constructed multiplex panel from compatible simplex test kits Human FlowCytomixTM Simplex (Bender MedSystem GmbH, Germany); IL-1β, IL-2 IL-6 TNFα was determined within the framework of the Human Flow CytomixTM 15 Flex system (Bender MedSystem GmbH, Germany). Data processing was performed in the FlowCytomix Pro v 6.0 package (Bender Med Systems GmbH, Germany). According to the results of the study, a significant effect of Tricor fenofibrate was found on the initially high levels of local production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2 and sICAM-1 in the AREDS2 group, which indicated a direct anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective effect in the treatment of the initial stage of AMD; a similar effect of the drug, but less pronounced, noted in the AREDS3 group. The ophthalmological examination data also indicated stabilization of visual functions and the clinical picture of the fundus, improvement of intraocular blood circulation in patients of the main groups. Thus, the use of Tricor can help prevent the degenerative process in the retina in the early stages of AMD development.
The state of psychological and immunological indicators in graduate students of a medical university
Authors: Andreeva I. I. , Urazmambetov R. T. , Chebotov S. A.
Published: October 2024

Training future doctors for professional practice usually entails building awareness and embracing the significant responsibility inherent in the field. This, in turn, leads to significant psycho-emotional stress by the time of graduation from academic institution. With the aim of identifying the correlation between homeostatic system indicators, a comparative analysis was conducted to characterize the immunological and psychological parameters of final-year medical university students, contingent upon their respective training programs. The study involved sixth-year students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty [TPF] (29 individuals) and the Military Training Center [MTC] (34 individuals) of Rostov State Medical University, a Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education. The exclusion criteria for all participants included the presence of chronic diseases and any infectious process of any origin within three months prior to the study. The groups were similar in terms of age (23.8±1.82 and 23.9±2.2 years, respectively), gender (all male), and corresponded to health group I. Psychological evaluation was conducted employing the Spielberger–Hanin Scale to gauge levels of personal and situational anxiety. The assessment of immunological status was carried out at the Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology using standard methodological approaches. Registration cards for immunopathology analysis were used to characterize health status over the year. Analysis of the obtained data from psychological questionnaires revealed that students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty, compared to their counterparts from the Military Training Center, demonstrated a higher degree of situational and, particularly, personal anxiety. Differences in the immune response system between the compared groups were identified with regards to indicators that characterize both adaptive and innate immunity. These differences were expressed in a more significant number of circulating regulatory T lymphocytes, a less pronounced lytic potential of effector cells, a greater number of TLR9+ monocytes with a decrease in the proportion of cells of the monocyte series carrying HLA-DR in medical students compared to their counterparts studying in the medical service officers’ program. Thus, the period of psychological preparation in a medical university for the commencement of professional activity varies based on the characteristics of the educational process and proves to be more effective for sixth-year students of MTC. Students from the TPF exhibit more pronounced psycho-emotional stress compared to their counterparts in military medical training, leading to evident signs of immune system dysregulation. It is imperative to develop strategies for timely detection of changes in both psychological and immunological adaptive capacities.
Rank correlation between atopic comorbidity and laboratory parameters in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kukharev Ya. V. , Klimov A. V. , Klimov V. V. , Tcherbik N. V. , Shkatova A. N. , Slezkin M. I. , Huseinova K. D.
Published: October 2024

One of the current cutting-edge problems in allergy and ENT is the study of comorbidity in allergic rhinitis, which is the most common atopic disease among all other atopies. Two decades ago, a new endotype of the disease, local allergic rhinitis, was discovered. In the past, some patients with typical complaints of chronic nasal congestion, persistent runny nose, and other similar symptoms, did not display such characteristic diagnostic criteria as positive allergy skin tests and an increased value of serum total IgE and specific IgE antibodies. They were qualified by allergists and ENT specialists as individualists with non-allergic rhinitis and, accordingly, did not receive adequate treatment. However, their symptoms remained, prompting them to abuse decongestants and resulting in an increased burden on the cardiovascular system. This, along with the burden of concomitant pathology, including other atopies, can be considered a significant medical and social problem. With the purpose to study rank correlation between comorbidity and three laboratory biomarkers, 46 patients with allergic rhinitis were examined. The list of parameters included two routine items such as serum total IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein, and rarely studied IL-4 in skin exudate. Clinical analysis showed that significantly more often allergic rhinitis in patients was combined with bronchial asthma (in 39.1%, p 0.05), less often with food allergy (in 19.6%), atopic dermatitis (in 10.9%), insect allergy (in 8.7%), and allergic urticaria (in 4.5%). In one case, local perennial rhinitis was identified, accompanied by conventional seasonal rhinitis with a high content of serum total IgE and positive allergic skin tests with pollen allergens. Skin tests with household allergens, including house dust mite products, showed a negative result. This case was regarded as a manifestation of the so-called “double” allergic rhinitis. The Spearman correlation demonstrated a negative mean strength relationship between comorbidity and serum IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein (p 0.05). The seemingly paradoxical result can be interpreted quite logically, taking into account immunopathogenetic mechanisms of allergic inflammation. In particular, with an increase in the frequency of atopic comorbidity, the migration of eosinophils from the blood to sites of eosinophilic inflammation increases.
Dental implantation in patients with comorbid diseases: yes or no?
Authors: Labis V. V. , Isakina M. O. , Kozlov I. G.
Published: October 2024

Patients with multiple pathologies are a high-risk group, which requires a personalized approach to surgical rehabilitation in dentistry. Inadequate diagnosis of clinical manifestations when a patient is in remission often leads to severe surgical complications. However, modern methods of dental implantation and rehabilitation are possible even in patients with oncology, those who underwent surgical therapy, chemo- or radiotherapy. Gilbert syndrome, one of the risk factors for post-surgery inflammatory complications, is associated with defects in bilirubin metabolism. It inhibits platelet activity. It is a genetic disease leading to a loss of liver enzyme activity and the accumulation of indirect bilirubin that can aggravate the course of other diseases in patients. In acute stages, it is characterized by jaundice of the skin, eyes, and mucosa and is followed by immunosuppression and the post-surgical complications associated with it. A patient with Gilbert syndrome was administered for surgical treatment of a chronic infection and follow-up rehabilitation via dental implantation and reconstruction of the bone. In this case, we faced Gilbert syndrome in association with polycythemia (a myeloproliferative disease in the compensation stage). In such cases, dental implantation cannot be achieved in the complex dental rehabilitation process. Such diseases require special attention from dental surgeons due to possible complications (bleeding, thrombosis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation). In this specific case, the patient belongs to the risk group, and its history, although in remission, is still a contraindication for dental surgery and dental implantation.
Allergic rhinitis: a brief overview of the etiopathogenesis and rehabilitation of patients
Authors: Ignatova I. A. , Ivanenko D. B.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a brief overview of modern literature sources concerning the prevalence, etiopathogenetic approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the high prevalence of this pathology, the variety of etiopathogenetic mechanisms and the variability of classifications. One of the most popular classifications is seasonal. When studying pathogenetic mechanisms, the following patterns were revealed: the nasal mucosa is the main air conditioner of the respiratory tract and the first line of defense against infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplets. These roles require maintaining and restoring epithelial integrity and the ability to initiate immune responses. When conditions or factors are present that compromise the integrity of the mucosa, the epithelium releases alarmins and other molecular patterns associated with damage that trigger repair mechanisms but can also cause protective inflammation. In allergic rhinitis, the same mechanisms can activate the development of the disease. Many authors consider various diagnostic methods for allergic rhinitis. Such as a detailed and competent collection of complaints and anamnesis, including family history, physical examination, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, rhinomanometry, skin prick tests, radiological studies, including computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, intradermal tests, study of total and specific immunoglobulins E in blood serum, basophil activation test, nasal provocation test, nasal cytology and biopsy histology, acoustic rhinometry, nasal inspiratory peak flow testing, and nitric oxide measurements are used. Attention is also paid to laboratory and instrumental methods for the differential diagnosis of rhinitis of pseudoallergic origin; the following methods are used: ultrasound diagnostics of the hepatobiliary system, biochemical blood test, and immunological studies.
Treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis requires an integrated and interdisciplinary approach and, of course, requires differential and personalized methods taking into account etiopathogenetic mechanisms.
Methodological approaches to the comparative assessment of cellular reactions of innate immunity in mollusk Pomacea sp. (Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae) in experimental aseptic inflammation
Authors: Khrushchev K. A. , Shilov S. Yu. , Barkov S. Yu. , Shilov Yu. I.
Published: October 2024

One of the significant methodological problems that arise in the study of cells of the innate immunity of invertebrates is the unsuitability of culture media and even salt solutions intended for mammals and humans. Another important methodological point is the significantly pronounced reactions of coagulation, which play an important protective role in all invertebrates, but manifest themselves in vitro in cellular suspensions prepared even with optimal saline solutions for this animal. To solve this problem, researchers widely use an anticoagulation buffer with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) even in functional tests. From the standpoint of traditional approaches of mammalian immunology, the use of EDTA is possible only for the study of cell morphology, but not their functions. The aim of the work is to adapt methodological approaches to the comparative assessment of cellular reactions of innate immunity in Pomacea sp mollusks in experimental aseptic inflammation. To evaluate the functions of phagocytic cells in mollusk Pomacea sp., we used a complete salt solution (CSS) with optimal concentrations of glucose, calcium ions, magnesium with addition to prevent coagulation, cellular aggregation and degranulation instead of EDTA sodium salt of heparin at a concentration of 100 IU/mL (CSS-hep). As a result of a specially conducted experiment, it was shown that during incubation of hemolymph cells in this solution, their viability is preserved, evaluated by flow laser cytometry during incubation with annexin V-PE (PE Annexin V) and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7- AAD), as well as in a test with trypan blue. The possibility of studying the phagocytic activity and a phagosome acidification of leukocytes from hemolymph, hematopoiesis organ (kidney) and the focus of inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of sterile suspension of zymosan using CSS-hep is shown. Unlike the Limnaea stagnalis and Biomphalaria glabrata mollusks, in which the production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes in the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence reaction is well documented, we were unable to induce this reaction in Pomacea sp. mollusks. In a specially conducted experiment, we did not reveal the effect of the sodium salt of heparin at a concentration of 100 IU/mL on the production of reactive oxygen species by rat phagocytes.
Evaluation of apoptosis markers in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Revyakina V. A. , Mukhortykh V. A. , Tarmaeva N. A. , Larkova I. A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze indicators of apoptosis in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Patients (N = 88) aged from 12 months to 3 years with varying degrees of disease severity were involved into trial. SCORAD indices were: 68.14±2.63 – in patients with severe AD; 32.03±1.43 – with moderate; and 12.12±1.43 – with mild AD, respectively. Determination of apoptosis markers (Caspase 8, Caspase 9, sCD153, sFas-L, Annexin 5) in blood serum was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial kits from Bender MedSystems® (Austria). A study of apoptosis markers in the blood serum of children with AD revealed a significant decrease (p 0.05) in the concentration of Annexin 5 compared to standard values (by 20 times). A statistically significant decrease (p 0.05) in the concentration levels of Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 in the serum of AD patients was revealed. Thus, the concentrations of Caspase 8 were reduced on by 3 times, and Caspase 9 by 8 times compared to the norm. Also In addition, when determining sFas-L indicators, a statistically significant (p 0.05) decrease in concentration was noted compared to standard indicators. The content of sCD153 in the blood serum in AD patients was significantly higher (p 0.05) than the normative values by 5 times (not detected normally). The most pronounced disturbances in apoptosis indicators were observed in patients with severe atopic dermatitis, (p 0.05), highlighting the importance of studying apoptosis in the context of AD and the possible link between disruptions in this process and the severity of clinical manifestations in patients. The study demonstrates the peculiarities of apoptosis processes in children with AD. On the one hand, these patients have significantly increased activation of signaling systems, on the other hand, the elimination of altered immunocompetent cells does not occur properly, which contributes to the progression and chronicity of immune inflammation in the skin.
Disorders in cytokine synthesis in women with uterine fibroids
Authors: Isanbaeva L. M. , Musakhodzhaeva D. A. , Narzulloeva N. S.
Published: October 2024

In the structure of gynecological diseases, uterine fibroids occupy an “honorable” second place after inflammatory processes of the genital organs, and its share reaches 40%. Uterine fibroids are a benign monoclonal tumor that develops from one abnormal smooth muscle cell of the myometrium, which, as a result of mutation, has the ability to grow unregulated. Common symptoms of the disease include pelvic discomfort or pain, excessive uterine bleeding, secondary anemia, infertility, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Uterine fibroids can negatively affect the general condition of a woman, causing hormonal, vegetative-vascular and psycho-emotional disorders. Moreover, about 80% of patients with uterine fibroids undergo radical surgical treatment. The mechanisms of development and growth of this benign tumor have not been fully established and remain controversial. The role of immune disorders in the pathogenesis of fibroids is currently being discussed. It has been proven that the growth of fibroids is accompanied by a weakening of immune defense against the background of an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines, which are regulators of the processes of proliferation and apoptosis, mediators of the action of sex steroids. The aim of the study was to study the level of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, TGF-β2 and MCP-1) in the blood serum of women of reproductive age with uterine fibroids, depending on the size and nature of tumor growth. A comparative analysis of the results of examination of 123 women with uterine fibroids, who made up 2 groups: 1st group of 65 women with simple uterine fibroids and 2nd group of 58 women with rapidly growing uterine fibroids, is presented. The examination included a comprehensive clinical and laboratory study. The level of cytokines (IL-1β, IL- 2, TGF-β2, MCP-1) in the blood serum was assessed by ELISA. It was found that in patients of reproductive age with uterine fibroids, there is an increase in the levels of IL-1β, TGF-β2 and MCP-1. In women with rapidly growing uterine fibroids, these changes are more pronounced. The concentration of IL-2 is reduced in all women with uterine fibroids, regardless of the size and nature of tumor growth. It has been established that an increase in the size of myomatous nodes is accompanied by an increase in immune imbalance: there is an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TGF-β2, MCP-1) against the background of a reduced content of the lymphokine IL-2, which we regard as possible links in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. A pronounced deficiency of IL-2 in the blood serum against the background of a sharp increase in the concentration of TGF-β2 and MCP-1 in the blood of women with uterine fibroids can be considered as a negative criterion for predicting disease progression and used as an additional prognostic marker of tumor growth
Zero-sum partitions of Abelian groups and their applications to magic- and antimagic-type labelings
Authors: Cichacz Sylwia , Suchan Karol
Published: October 2024

The following problem has been known since the 80s. Let $\Gamma$ be an
Abelian group of order $m$ (denoted $|\Gamma|=m$), and let $t$ and
$\{m_i\}_{i=1}^{t}$, be positive integers such that $\sum_{i=1}^t m_i=m-1$.
Determine when $\Gamma^*=\Gamma\setminus\{0\}$, the set of non-zero elements of
$\Gamma$, can be partitioned into disjoint subsets $\{S_i\}_{i=1}^{t}$ such
that $|S_i|=m_i$ and $\sum_{s\in S_i}s=0$ for every $1 \leq i \leq t$. Such a
subset partition is called a \textit{zero-sum partition}. $|I(\Gamma)|\neq 1$,
where $I(\Gamma)$ is the set of involutions in $\Gamma$, is a necessary
condition for the existence of zero-sum partitions. In this paper, we show that
the additional condition of $m_i\geq 4$ for every $1 \leq i \leq t$, is
sufficient. Moreover, we present some applications of zero-sum partitions to
magic- and antimagic-type labelings of graphs.
Deep Learning Models For Symbol Detection in UFMC Systems
Authors: Bardak Fatma Kebire , Seyman Muhammet Nuri
Published: October 2024

The limited availability of the frequency band in wireless communication systems is one of the major obstacles to achieving high-speed data transmission. To overcome this obstacle, multicarrier systems, which utilize the available frequency bandwidth most efficiently to ensure spectral efficiency and consequently high data rate transmission, are used. In the Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) technique, which is one of the multi-carrier systems, in addition to high-speed data transmission, the bandwidth is divided into many sub-bands and only the lower sidebands are filtered, and as a result, the inter-channel interference problem is minimized. However, in UFMC systems, the error-free reception of symbols at the receiver is directly dependent on the performance of the symbol detection algorithm. In this study, symbol detection was performed in UFMC systems by taking advantage of the learning ability of deep learning methods, providing flexible solutions in solving nonlinear problems, reducing the hardware load by using fewer parameters and the ability to perform parallel processing, and thus the symbol detection performance of the system under bad channel conditions was increased.
Medidas alternativas a la prisión de las personas por cometimiento de contravenciones en el Cantón Machala: violación a los derechos humanos en el interior del Centro de Privación de la Libertad
Authors: Lavanda Hidalgo Milton Rene , Zamora Vázquez Ana Fabiola
Published: October 2024

En el Ecuador, el ejercicio del IUS PUNIENDI, a cargo de la Asamblea Nacional, ha tipificado ciertas conductas menores como contravenciones en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP). Estas conductas, consideradas transgresiones leves que afectan valores importantes de la sociedad, se sancionan con penas de 1 a 30 días de privación de libertad. Sin embargo, los Centros de Detención Provisional, como el de Machala, han fracasado en su función rehabilitadora, convirtiéndose en escuelas del delito con graves problemas de infraestructura, salubridad y hacinamiento. Esto demuestra que encarcelar a contraventores por periodos cortos no logra su rehabilitación ni reintegración como ciudadanos productivos. El análisis se centra en la implementación de trabajos comunitarios como una alternativa a la prisión para contravenciones. Esta medida busca sustituir o suspender la ejecución de penas privativas de libertad, atendiendo a las contradicciones del actual sistema de rehabilitación. Se propone que la legislación penal incluya reformas que ofrezcan alternativas efectivas a la prisión, en línea con lo estipulado en el Art. 77,11 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. Actualmente, el COIP no contempla medidas como los trabajos comunitarios para las contravenciones, lo que impide cumplir con los principios constitucionales de rehabilitación y reintegración social.
Analysis Of Public Interest In Smartfren SIM Cards Using The K-Nearest Neighbors Method
Authors: Tawanta Natalia Sembiring Sri , Sihombing Volvo , Irmayani Deci
Published: October 2024

The use of Smartfren SIM cards is increasing along with the public's need for fast and stable internet services. However, a deep understanding of public interest in the SIM card is necessary to optimize marketing strategies and increase sales. Proper analysis can help companies identify potential target markets and develop effective marketing strategies. We chose the K-Nearest Neighbors method to analyze public interest in using Smartfren SIM cards. This study aims to develop and evaluate the K-Nearest Neighbors model in predicting public interest in using Smartfren SIM cards. This study uses a dataset containing information about Smartfren SIM card users. We divide the data into two sets: a training set for model building and a test set for evaluating model performance. We apply the K-Nearest Neighbors method to classify the data into two categories: interested and not interested. We evaluate the model performance using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. We present the evaluation results as a confusion matrix. The developed K-Nearest Neighbors model showed excellent performance with an accuracy of 94.29%, a precision of 94.20%, a recall of 100%, and an F1-score of 97.01%. These results indicate that the K-Nearest Neighbors model is effective in predicting people's interest in Smartfren SIM cards. The high recall value indicates that the model is able to identify all interested individuals without missing any, while the high precision value indicates that the model rarely makes false positive prediction errors. This study concludes that the K-Nearest Neighbors method is very effective for use in analyzing people's interest in using Smartfren SIM cards. We can rely on the developed model's strong performance for real-world applications in marketing strategies.
Contenido material de las competencias autonómicas establecidas en el Estatuto de Autonomía Andaluz, en el art. 56 “Vivienda, Urbanismo, Ordenación del Territorio, Obras Publicas”
Authors: Miranda Hernández Gloria
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: II.1. EL PLANEAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO ESPAÑOL. ELEMENTOS COMUNES DE LOS PLANEAMIENTOS URBANÍSTICOS DE LA COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS II.2. EL REPARTO CONSTITUCIONAL DE COMPETENCIAS EN MATERIA DE ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y URBANISMO. STC 61/1997, 164/2001 2.1. Competencias estatales con incidencia en el urbanismo 2.2. Especial referencia a la delimitación de la competencia de ordenación del territorio y urbanismo en la stc 57/2015 2.3. Sentencia del tribunal constitucional de 9 de julio de 2015. competencia autonómica en disciplina urbanística II.3. ESTATUTO DE AUTONOMÍA DE ANDALUCÍA. SU REFORMA EN 2007 3.1. Nuevo tratamiento de los derechos en el Estatuto de Autonomía de 2007 3.2. Nuevo tratamiento de las competencias en el Estatuto de Autonomía de 2007 3.3. Las competencias incorporadas al nuevo estatuto II.4. ARTICULO 56 EAA. VIVIENDA, URBANISMO, ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y OBRAS PÚBLICAS 4.1. Su reflejo en el estatuto de autonomía de 1981 4.2. La ordenación del territorio. regulacion competencial en el nuevo Estatuto de Autonomia A) Una competencia de carácter exclusivo B) Incidencia de otros títulos competenciales del Estado -o de la propia comunidad autónoma C) Jurisprudencia ante colisiones entre la ordenación del territorio y otras politicas sectoriales D) Ordenación del territorio y competencias urbanísticas municipales E) La ley de ordenación del territorio de 11 de enero de 1994. contenido 4.3. El urbanismo. Regulación competencial en el nuevo estatuto de autonomía A) La regulación actual del suelo en el Real Decreto Legislativo 7/2015 B) Las competencias urbanísticas municipales. Autonomía local 4.4. Obras públicas A) La doctrina constitucional sobre la participación de la comunidad autónoma en la declaración y ejecución de obras de interés general 4.5. Vivienda II.5. CONCLUSIONES
La protección del derecho al paisaje como ejercicio autonómico de las competencias
Authors: Gamero Ruiz Eva
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO III.1. EL DERECHO AL PAISAJE EN EL ESTATUTO DE AUTONOMÍA DE ANDALUCÍA. PARTE DOGMÁTICA 1.1. Antecedentes: El paisaje en el Estatuto andaluz de 1981. La protección y realce del paisaje como objetivo básico de la Comunidad Autónoma 1.2. La compleja naturaleza del paisaje en el Estatuto andaluz de 2007: Como seña de identidad, como derecho y como principio rector de la política social y económica 1.2.1 Preámbulo: El paisaje de la identidad andaluza 1.2.2 El paisaje como derecho-deber 1.2.3 El paisaje como principio rector y objetivo básico 1.3. Alcance jurídico del nuevo tratamiento del paisaje en Estatuto de Autonomía 2007. Principio de no regresión en la evolución del sistema democrático 1.3.1 Extensión del ámbito objetivo de aplicación: De los espacios protegidos a la protección del espacio 1.3.2 Extensión del ámbito subjetivo de aplicación: El derecho al paisaje de todos y frente a todos 1.3.2.1 El sujeto titular del derecho al paisaje en el Estatuto de Autonomía de Andalucía 1.3.2.2 La protección del derecho subjetivo al paisaje frente a los actos de los poderes públicos y de los particulares 1.3.3 Límites y garantías del paisaje como derecho y como principio rector en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico constitucional III.2. LA COMPETENCIA AUTONÓMICA SOBRE EL PAISAJE 2.1. El paisaje en la parte orgánica del Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía 2.2. El paisaje como título competencial autonómico integrado en la Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo 2.2.1 El paisaje en la Planificación Territorial de Andalucía 2.2.2 La Estrategia Andaluza del Paisaje 2.2.3 La protección del paisaje a través de la Disciplina Urbanística La protección del paisaje a través de la Disciplina Urbanística III.3 CONCLUSIONES
La organización administrativa autonómica para el ejercicio de las potestades establecidas en el art. 56 del Estatuto de Autonomía Andaluz
Authors: Miranda Hernández Gloria
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: IV.1. ESTRUCTURA ORGÁNICA PARA EL EJERCICIO DE POTESTADES DE ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y URBANISMO EN LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE ANDALUCÍA. EVOLUCIÓN NORMATIVA 1.1. Consejería de Obras Publicas y Transportes (1986-2008) 1.2. Consejería de Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio (2008-2010) 1.3. Consejería de Obras Publicas y Vivienda (2010-2012) 1.4. Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Medio Ambiente (2012-2013) 1.5. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (2013-2015) IV.2. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS Y FUNCIONES EN MATERIA DE ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y URBANISMO EN ANDALUCÍA  2.1. Decreto 77/1994, de 5 de abril. por el que se regula el ejercicio de las competencias de la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en materia de Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo 2.2. Decreto 193/2003, de 1 de julio por el que se regula el ejercicio de las competencias de la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en materia de Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo 2.3. Decreto 220/2006 de 19 de diciembre de regulación de las competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma en materia de Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo 2.4. Decreto 525/2008, de 16 de diciembre de ejercicio de competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma en materia de ordenación del territorio y urbanismo 2.5. Decreto 36/2014, de 11 de febrero de ejercicio de competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma en materia de ordenación del territorio y urbanismo IV.3. CONCLUSIONES .
Las dotaciones, equipamientos, infraestructuras y servicios en la ordenación urbanística y territorial. Los estándares urbanísticos. Régimen jurídico. La cláusula “stand-still”. La obtención del suelo para dotaciones
Authors: van-Baumberghen Hernández Rafael
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: II.1. INTRODUCCIÓN II.2. LAS DOTACIONES Y LOS EQUIPAMIENTOS II.2.1 Las dotaciones y los equipamientos en la LOUA II.2.2 Las dotaciones y equipamientos en la legislación estatal II.3. LAS REDES O SISTEMAS DE DOTACIONES Y EQUIPAMIENTOS. NIVELES O RANGOS DE DOTACIONES Y EQUIPAMIENTOS: SISTEMAS GENERALES (SUPRAMUNICIPALES Y MUNICIPALES) Y SISTEMAS LOCALES II.3.1 En la legislación urbanística II.3.2 Los sistemas y dotaciones supramunicipales o territoriales en la legislación y planeamiento territorial II.4. DOTACIONES Y EQUIPAMIENTOS: ¿CONCEPTOS DIFERENTES? II.5. LOS ESTÁNDARES LEGALES II.5.1 Generalidades II.5.2 Régimen de exenciones en el cumplimiento de los estándares legales urbanísticos para algunos ámbitos II.5.3 Las dotaciones y equipamientos supramunicipales (en la legislación y planeamiento urbanístico y territorial) II.6. LA LOUA Y SU DESARROLLO REGLAMENTARIO EN MATERIA DE DOTACIONES Y EQUIPAMIENTOS II.7. CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LAS CONDICIONES A CUMPLIR POR LAS DOTACIONES Y EQUIPAMIENTOS II.7.1 Sobre los suelos susceptibles de consideración a efectos de los estándares legales. Condiciones II.7.2 La ordenación de las dotaciones y equipamientos (su distribución espacial y su diseño) II.7.3 Sobre los usos en los parques y jardines públicos II.7.4 Dotaciones en casos particulares II.8. SOBRE EL RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO II.9. LAS ALTERACIONES DEL PLANEAMIENTO QUE AFECTAN A DOTACIONES. LA CLÁUSULA “STAND-STILL” II.10. LA OBTENCIÓN DE LAS DOTACIONES II.11. LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS Y SERVICIOS II.12. CONCLUSIONES .