bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Identification of Phospholipase A2 Transcripts from Snake Venoms
Authors: Jia Ying , Olvera Pablo , Rangel Frida , Mendez Bianca , Reddy Samir
Published: January 2019

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a major component in snake venoms and it is found in many different isoforms. To identify transcripts encoding different PLA2 isoforms, we developed a simple, rapid procedure. Total RNA was extracted from the venoms of three cottonmouth snakes and two diamondback rattlesnakes, and further reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). Using one pair of cottonmouth PLA2-specific primers and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we identified 27 unique full-length PLA2 transcripts, including nine sequences identical to the previously documented ones in the database and one novel GIII-like PLA2. Two common transcripts respectively encoding Asp49 and Lys49 PLA2 isoforms were identified in all three cottonmouth venoms that contain more PLA2 transcripts than diamondback rattlesnake venoms. The placement of cloned PLA2 transcripts in snake venom PLA2s was further discussed by phylogenetic analysis. The procedure developed in this study paves the way for accelerated acquisition of transcriptome data on any other venom toxin families. The results obtained are crucial for insight into the structure and function of PLA2 isoforms for scientific and potential therapeutic purposes.
Orthopoxvirus Seroprevalence in Cats and Veterinary Personnel in North-Eastern Italy in 2011
Authors: Lapa Daniele , Beltrame Anna , Arzese Alessandra , Carletti Fabrizio , Di Caro Antonino , Ippolito Giuseppe , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Castilletti Concetta
Published: January 2019

Orthopoxviruses (OPV) are emerging zoonotic pathogens, and an increasing number of human infections is currently reported in Europe and in other continents, warranting heightened attention on this topic. Following two OPV infections reported in veterinarians scratched by sick cats in 2005 and 2007 in North-Eastern-Italy, involving a previously undescribed OPV, a similar strain was isolated by a sick cat from the same territory in 2011, i.e., 6 years later, raising attention on OPV circulation in this region. A surveillance program was launched to assess the OPV seroprevalence among the veterinarians working in local veterinary clinics and in the local wild and domestic cat population; seroprevalence was 33.3% in veterinarians and 19.5% in cats. Seroprevalence in cats was unevenly distributed, peaking at 40% in the area where OPV-infected cats had been observed.
Characterizing and Improving the Data Reduction Pipeline for the Keck OSIRIS Integral Field Spectrograph
Authors: Lockhart Kelly E. , Do Tuan , Larkin James E. , Boehle Anna , Campbell Randy D. , Chappell Samantha , Chu Devin , Ciurlo Anna , Cosens Maren , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Ghez Andrea , Lu Jessica R. , Lyke Jim E. , Mieda Etsuko , Rudy Alexander R. , Vayner Andrey , Walth Gregory , Wright Shelley A.
Published: January 2019

OSIRIS is a near-infrared (1.0–2.4 μm) integral field spectrograph operating behind the adaptive optics system at Keck Observatory and one of the first lenslet-based integral field spectrographs. Since its commissioning in 2005, it has been a productive instrument, producing nearly half the laser guide star adaptive optics papers on Keck. The complexity of its raw data format necessitated a custom data reduction pipeline (DRP) delivered with the instrument in order to iteratively assign flux in overlapping spectra to the proper spatial and spectral locations in a data cube. Other than bug fixes and updates required for hardware upgrades, the bulk of the DRP has not been updated since initial instrument commissioning. We report on the first major comprehensive characterization of the DRP using on-sky and calibration data. We also detail improvements to the DRP, including characterization of the flux assignment algorithm, exploration of spatial rippling in the reduced data cubes, and improvements to several calibration files, including the rectification matrix, bad-pixel mask, and wavelength solution. We present lessons learned from over a decade of OSIRIS data reduction that are relevant to the next generation of integral field spectrograph hardware and data reduction software design.
Measuring the Absolute Total Intrinsic Redshifts (Surface Gravity Plus the Convective Blueshift) of the Main-sequence Stars and Red Giants using Gaia Data
Authors: Dai De-Chang , Li ZhiGang , Stojkovic Dejan
Published: January 2019

We analyze the GAIA release II data to demonstrate how one can measure the absolute total intrinsic redshifts of the main-sequence stars and red giants. We remove the relative velocity components of the stars’ motion with respect to the Sun by doing the analysis in the local standard of the rest frame defined by the average stars’ motion. We provide results for four different types of stars. F-, G-, and K-type stars have about the same value of intrinsic redshift, which is, however, much smaller than the expected gravitational redshift. This indicates that GAIA’s data includes a convective blueshift effect of a several hundred m s−1 magnitude. The red giants’ intrinsic redshifts are negative, which implies that their convective blueshift is stronger than the gravitational redshift. This is expected since red giants are far less compact than other types.
Variable Stars in Terzan 5: Additional Evidence of Multi-age and Multi-iron Stellar Populations*
Authors: Origlia L. , Mucciarelli A. , Fiorentino G. , Ferraro F. R. , Dalessandro E. , Lanzoni B. , Rich R. M. , Massari D. , Contreras Ramos R. , Matsunaga N.
Published: January 2019

Terzan 5 is a complex stellar system in the Galactic bulge, harboring stellar populations (SPs) with very different iron content (Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 1 dex) and with ages differing by several gigayears. Here we present an investigation of its variable stars. We report on the discovery and characterization of three RR Lyrae stars. For these newly discovered RR Lyrae and for six Miras of known periods we provide radial velocity (RV) and chemical abundances from spectra acquired with X-SHOOTER at the Very Large Telescope. We find that the three RR Lyrae and the three short-period Miras (P < 300 days) have RV consistent with being Terzan 5 members. They have subsolar iron abundances and enhanced [α/Fe], well matching the age and abundance patterns of the 12 Gyr metal-poor SPs of Terzan 5. Only one, out of the three long-period (P > 300 days) Miras analyzed in this study, has an RV consistent with being a Terzan 5 member. Its super-solar iron abundance and solar-scaled [α/Fe] nicely match the chemical properties of the metal-rich SP of Terzan 5 and its derived mass nicely agrees with being several gigayears younger than the short-period Miras. This young variable is an additional proof of the surprisingly young subpopulation discovered in Terzan 5.
ALMA Observations of the Spatial Distribution of Three C2H4O2 Isomers toward Sgr B2(N)
Authors: Xue Ci , Remijan Anthony J. , Burkhardt Andrew M. , Herbst Eric
Published: January 2019

The

isomers have been previously investigated primarily via disparate sets of observations involving single-dish and array measurements. The only attempt at using a uniform set of observations was performed with the IRAM 30 m observation in 2013. In this study, we present an intensive and rigorous spectral and morphological analysis of the

isomers toward Sgr B2(N) with interferometers, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 3 observations. We propose a quantitative selection method, which automates the determination of the most uncontaminated transitions and allows us to report the discovery of previously undetected transitions of the three isomers. With the least contaminated transitions, the high spatial-resolution millimeter (mm) maps of the

isomers reveal that

and

each display two different velocity components, while only one velocity component of

is resolved. Moreover, the distribution of

is extended and offset from the continuum emission, unlike

and

, for which the low-velocity component is found to be compact and concentrated toward the continuum emission peak of Sgr B2(N). The distinct morphologies of these

isomeric species indicate that

have significant differences in chemical processes compared to

and

, which display similar spatial distributions.
Shock-generating Planetesimals Perturbed by a Giant Planet in a Gas Disk
Authors: Nagasawa M. , Tanaka K. K. , Tanaka H. , Nomura H. , Nakamoto T. , Miura H.
Published: January 2019

We examined the excitations of planetesimals caused by the resonances of a giant planet in a protoplanetary gas disk. The highly excited planetesimals generate bow shocks, the mechanism of which results in chondrule formation, crystallization of silicate dust, and evaporation of icy planetesimals. The planetesimals beyond 2:1 resonance migrate owing to the gas drag and obtain the maximum eccentricity around 3:1 resonance, which is located at approximately half the planetary distance. The eccentricity depends on the parameters of the planetesimals and the Jovian planet, such as size and location, and the gas density of the disk. The maximum relative velocity of a 100 km sized planetesimal with respect to the gas disk reaches up to ∼12 km s−1 in the case of Jupiter owing to secular resonance, which occurs because of the disk’s gravity. We find that if a Jovian-mass planet is located within 10 au, the planetesimals larger than 100 km gain sufficient velocity to cause the melting of chondrule precursors and crystallization of the silicate. The maximum velocity is higher for large planetesimals and eccentric planets. Planetesimals are trapped temporarily in the resonances and continue to have high speed over ≳1 Myr after the formation of a Jovian planet. This duration fits into the timescale of chondrule formation suggested by the isotopic data. The evaporation of icy planetesimals occurs when a Jovian planet is located within 15 au. This mechanism can be a new indicator of planet formation in exosystems if some molecules ejected from icy planetesimals are detected.
Multiband Optical and Near-Infrared Properties of Faint Submillimeter Galaxies with Serendipitous ALMA Detections
Authors: Patil Pallavi , Nyland Kristina , Lacy Mark , Farrah Duncan , Afonso José , Barkhouse Wayne , Surace Jason
Published: January 2019

We present a catalog of 26 faint submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the XMM Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) field identified by cross-matching serendipitously detected sources in archival pre–Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 and 7 data with multiband near-infrared (NIR) and optical data from the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey, the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Survey, the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Large Survey, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Of the 26 SMGs in our sample, 15 are identified here for the first time. The majority of the sources in our sample (16/26) have faint submillimeter fluxes (0.1 mJy < S
1mm < 1 mJy). In addition to the 26 SMGs with multiband optical and NIR detections, there are 60 highly reliable (>5σ) ALMA sources with no counterpart in any other band down to an Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) [4.5] AB magnitude of ≈23.7. To further characterize the 26 galaxies with both ALMA and optical/NIR counterparts, we provide 13-band forced photometry for the entire catalog using the Tractor and calculate photometric redshifts and rest-frame colors. The median redshift of our sample is

. We find that our sample galaxies have bluer colors compared to bright SMGs, and the UVJ color plot indicates that their colors are consistent with main-sequence star-forming galaxies. Our results provide new insights into the nature of the faint population of SMGs and also highlight opportunities for galaxy evolution studies based on archival ALMA data.
Transition from Circular-ribbon to Parallel-ribbon Flares Associated with a Bifurcated Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Zhong Z. , Guo Y. , Ding M. D. , Fang C. , Hao Q.
Published: January 2019

Magnetic flux ropes play a key role in triggering solar flares in the solar atmosphere. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region 12268 within 36 hr from 2015 January 29 to 30, during which a flux rope was formed and three M-class and three C-class flares were triggered without coronal mass ejections. During the evolution of the active region, the flare emission seen in the Hα and ultraviolet wavebands changed from a circular shape (plus an adjacent conjugated ribbon and a remote ribbon) to three relatively straight and parallel ribbons. Based on a series of reconstructed nonlinear force-free fields, we find sheared or twisted magnetic field lines and a large-scale quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) associated with 3D null points in a quadrupolar magnetic field. These features always existed and constantly evolved during the 2 days. The twist of the flux rope was gradually accumulated, eventually leading to its instability. Around the flux rope, there were some topological structures, including a bald patch, a hyperbolic flux tube, and a torus QSL. We discuss how the particular magnetic structure and its evolution produce the flare emission. In particular, the bifurcation of the flux rope can explain the transition of the flares from circular to parallel ribbons. We propose a two-stage evolution of the magnetic structure and its associated flares. In the first stage, sheared arcades under the dome-like large-scale QSL were gradually transformed into a flux rope through magnetic reconnection, which produced the circular-ribbon flare. In the second stage, the flux rope bifurcated to form the three relatively straight and parallel flare ribbons.
TESS Discovery of an Ultra-short-period Planet around the Nearby M Dwarf LHS 3844
Authors: Vanderspek Roland , Huang Chelsea X. , Vanderburg Andrew , Ricker George R. , Latham David W. , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Burt Jennifer , Dittmann Jason , Newton Elisabeth , Quinn Samuel N. , Shporer Avi , Charbonneau David , Irwin Jonathan , Ment Kristo , Winters Jennifer G. , Collins Karen A. , Evans Phil , Gan Tianjun , Hart Rhodes , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kielkopf John , Mao Shude , Waalkes William , Bouchy François , Marmier Maxime , Nielsen Louise D. , Ottoni Gaël , Pepe Francesco , Ségransan Damien , Udry Stéphane , Henry Todd , Paredes Leonardo A. , James Hodari-Sadiki , Hinojosa Rodrigo H. , Silverstein Michele L. , Palle Enric , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Crossfield Ian , Davies Misty D. , Dragomir Diana , Fausnaugh Michael , Glidden Ana , Pepper Joshua , Morgan Edward H. , Rose Mark , Twicken Joseph D. , Villaseñor Jesus Noel S. , Yu Liang , Bakos Gaspar , Bean Jacob , Buchhave Lars A. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Clampin Mark , Lee Nathan De , Deming Drake , Doty John , Jernigan J. Garrett , Kaltenegger Lisa , Lissauer Jack J. , McCullough P. R. , Narita Norio , Paegert Martin , Pal Andras , Rinehart Stephen , Sasselov Dimitar , Sato Bun’ei , Sozzetti Alessandro , Stassun Keivan G. , Torres Guillermo
Published: January 2019

Data from the newly commissioned Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite has revealed a “hot Earth” around LHS 3844, an M dwarf located 15 pc away. The planet has a radius of

R
⊕ and orbits the star every 11 hr. Although the existence of an atmosphere around such a strongly irradiated planet is questionable, the star is bright enough (I = 11.9, K = 9.1) for this possibility to be investigated with transit and occultation spectroscopy. The star’s brightness and the planet’s short period will also facilitate the measurement of the planet’s mass through Doppler spectroscopy.
Dynamo Wave Patterns inside of the Sun Revealed by Torsional Oscillations
Authors: Kosovichev Alexander G. , Pipin Valery V.
Published: January 2019

Torsional oscillations represent bands of fast and slow zonal flows around the Sun, which extend deep into the convection zone and migrate during solar cycles toward the equator following the sunspot “butterfly” diagram. Analysis of helioseismology data obtained in 1996–2018 for almost two solar cycles reveals zones of deceleration of the torsional oscillations inside of the Sun due to dynamo-generated magnetic field. The zonal deceleration originates near the bottom of the convection zone at high latitudes, and migrates to the surface revealing patterns of magnetic dynamo waves predicted by Parker’s dynamo theory. The analysis reveals that the primary seat of the solar dynamo is located in a high-latitude zone of the tachocline. It suggests a dynamo scenario that can explain “extended solar cycles” previously observed in the evolving shape of the solar corona. The results show a substantial decrease of the zonal acceleration in the current solar cycle and indicate a further decline of activity in the next solar cycle. Although the relationship between the magnitude of zonal deceleration and the amount of emerged toroidal field that leads to formation of sunspots is not yet established, the results reveal a new perspective for solar cycle modeling and prediction using helioseismology data.
Jeunes femmes à tout faire et travail sous-traité : les hôtesses d’accueil
Authors: Schütz Gabrielle
Published: January 2019

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et statistique sur les prestations de services d’hôtesses d’accueil, cet article met en relation les caractéristiques d’un emploi considéré comme peu qualifié, son mode d’exercice en sous-traitance et les propriétés sociales de la main-d’œuvre qui l’occupe. Il montre d’abord comment le genre de l’accueil, la jeunesse de ses protagonistes et la sous-traitance se combinent pour dévaloriser cette activité. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux hôtesses d’accueil et à la variété de leurs usages de cet emploi pour identifier celles qui s’y investissent dans la durée. Si la tâche de représenter une féminité au travail fortement stéréotypée incombe à une large palette sociale de femmes, celles qui se « professionnalisent » dans l’accueil sont celles dont les ressources socio-économiques et culturelles sont les plus faibles.
La blessure originelle ou le trauma de l’amour
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

On a trop tendance à penser le « trauma de l’amour » comme manque, privation ou faiblesse. D’où l’irénisme d’une vie sans blessure, dont l’amour supposé comme fusion ou totalité manquerait l’exemplarité. Et si l’on accepte parfois la dure réalité de l’acte d’aimer, on lui donne alors tellement sens que son impossibilité ne vient plus nous heurter, ou ne devrait plus nous choquer. Tout se passe comme si dans la phénoménologie certes, mais aussi dans l’herméneutique, voire dans la psychanalyse, tout devait à ce point « signifier » que plus rien ne demeure hors du sens qu’on a bien voulu lui attribuer. Ne pas convertir trop vite le « trauma de l’amour » en « amour du trauma », revient alors à accepter d’être-là dans une blessure originelle qui n’a rien de sensé, mais dont l’amour revient à autrement l’habiter.
Apprendre à aimer entre narcissisme et masochisme
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: January 2019

Que se passe-t-il de spécifique dans la situation analytique entre les deux partenaires en présence. « Je ne suis pas là, en fin de compte pour son bien, écrit Lacan, mais pour qu’il aime. Est-ce à dire que je doive lui apprendre à aimer ? Assurément ... 20  » Apprendre à aimer : tel serait l’écho de Lacan au précepte freudien appelant à se libérer des frontières du narcissisme pour en sortir. Finalement, l’évolution de l’écriture psychanalytique au fil des décennies restitue celle des concepts et des conditions de leur validité dans la séance selon la personne de l’auteur et selon sa manière de concevoir l’évolution des séances entre narcissisme et masochisme.
Le statut des signes et la présupposition mutuelle de la nature et de l’art dans le système de Condillac
Authors: Schwartz Élisabeth
Published: January 2019

Condillac a tenu à souligner l’originalité radicale de la thèse défendue dans l’ Essai au sujet du statut des signes dans leur rapport originaire à la pensée. Il la maintiendra jusque dans l’ Art de penser inchangée malgré de profonds remaniements intervenus avec le Traité des sensations quant au contenu de cette interaction, que sa Grammaire et sa Logique lui semblent avoir pourtant « achevé de démontrer ». Ce statut des signes se trouve soumis à la critique dès les Lettres à Gabriel Cramer . Condillac y répond à une question concernant la prérogative des signes arbitraires sur les signes naturels par rapport à la maîtrise de nos opérations de pensée. Et il y voit une objection formelle au caractère « embrouillé » de cette origine, une difficulté de fond qu’il n’avait pas prévenue, et enfin « le point le plus délicat de mon système sur la nécessité absolue des signes ». On peut supposer 1) que cette difficulté est liée à, mais distincte de la question formelle, comme des difficultés de contenu qu’y voit alors Condillac travaillant à son Traité des sensations , 2) que ce « point le plus délicat » ne s’éclaire et ne se spécifie qu’au regard de l’arrière-plan leibnizo-wolffien commun à Condillac, Cramer et Mlle Ferrand, et 3) n’est surmonté que par l’évocation de quelques références absentes de l’ Essai , à la Grammaire de Du Marsais dans l’ Encyclopédie et à la méthode de l’Abbé de l’Épée, comme exemples de la méthode analytique mise au service d’une genèse naturelle des signes artificiels sur le modèle de l’art d’une Nature qui commence tout en nous à notre insu. Ainsi s’achève bien le système « démontré » d’une présupposition mutuelle de la Nature et de l’Art, dont le premier ouvrage avait offert l’essai inaugural.
Il y a des composés, donc il y a des êtres simples . Vertu et infortune chez Condillac d’un principe métaphysique de Leibniz
Authors: Pécharman Martine
Published: January 2019

Dans la série de principes auxquels un Mémoire pour Gabriel Cramer rédigé par Condillac début 1747 ramène le système monadologique de Leibniz, le principe de l’ingrédience de la matière par les êtres simples ou monades échappe à la critique. Condillac accorde le principe [P1] les monades sont les premiers éléments de la matière . Il rejette seulement les deux principes subalternes [P2] les monades ont un principe interne de tous leurs changements et [P3] chaque état passager d’une monade représente sous un certain point de vue l’univers , qui sous-tendent la notion de perceptions inconscientes. Composée dans la même période, la dissertation anonyme Les Monades est tout entière organisée en vue de la démonstration par Condillac en personne de la vérité de la thèse monadologique il y a des composés, donc il y a des êtres simples et de son corrélat, le principe la matière a pour éléments des êtres simples . Une analyse minutieuse des procédés argumentatifs déployés dans Les Monades permet d’interpréter cette défense de la thèse monadologique comme une remise en cause par Condillac en 1747 de l’hétérogénéité qu’il a maintenue en 1746 dans l’ Essai sur l’origine des connaissances humaines entre l’étendue et les qualités dites secondes. En donnant en son nom propre une preuve (opposée à celle par la raison suffisante dans l’ Ontologia de Wolff) de la vérité de la thèse monadologique, Condillac essaie de fonder une parfaite phénoménalisation de l’étendue. La dissertation Les Monades ne doit pas être vue simplement comme un préliminaire à la critique des systèmes abstraits dans le Traité des systèmes de 1749. La tentative d’une monadologie réformée dans la dissertation de 1747 marque le commencement d’une interrogation sur l’idée d’étendue appelée à se poursuivre dans le Traité des sensations de 1754.
Outcome of Eyes With Unilateral Sporadic Retinoblastoma Based on the Initial External Findings by the Family and the Pediatrician
Authors: Shields Carol L , Gorry Thomasine , Shields Jerry A
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the enucleation rate for children witli unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma based on initial external findings detected by the family and the pediatrician.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective, nonrandomized review was performed on 257 consecutive patients with unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma treated at a major ocular oncology center. Data were gathered regarding the initial external clinical finding noted by the family members, pediatrician, and ocular oncologist and then correlated with the final ocular outcome of enucleation versus nonenucleation measures.

Results: Of the 257 cases of unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma, enucleation was necessary in 80%. Of the 223 patients in whom the family detected an eye problem, enucleation was necessary in 92%, whereas of the 34 patients in whom there were no findings detected by the family, enucleation was necessary in 53%. Specifically, enucleation was necessary in 86% of patients with family-detected leukocoria, 68% of those with family-detected strabismus, and 100% of those with family-detected red eye, heterochromia, eye pain, decreased vision, or blepharoptosis. Eye problems detected by a pediatrician resulted in enucleation in 77%. Specifically, enucleation was necessary in 75% of patients with pediatrician-detected leukocoria, 46% of those with pediatrician-detected strabismus, and 86% of those with pediatrician-detected red eye, heterochromia, decreased visual acuity, or an unspecified eye problem. Enucleation was necessary in 81% of those patients in whom an ocular oncologist detected any external finding such as leukocoria, strabismus, red eye, heterochromia, or buphthalmos and in only 33% of those without external findings.
Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Myopia
Authors: Mrugacz Malgorzata , Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk Alina , Sredzinska-Kita Dorota
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To measure retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using optical coherence tomography in patients with myopia.

Patients and Methods: Thirty patients (13 girls and 17 boys) 14 to 18 years old were included in the study. The control group consisted of 15 patients. Each patient was subjected to routine ophthalmic investigations, which included the assessment of visual acuity for near and distant objects, autorefractometry, measurement of intraocular pressure, biometry, and assessment of the static visual field. The foveal retinal thickness and the peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography.

Results: The mean foveal retinal thickness was 231.0 µm in eyes with low myopia, 218.0 µm in eyes with medium myopia, and 178.0 µm in eyes with high myopia. The mean thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer was 150.0 µm, 140.0 µm, and 152.0 µm, respectively. Statistically significant differences were revealed between patients with high myopia and the control group.

Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography can be employed to assess the retinal thickness and thus facilitate the detection of the evolution of alterations in myopia.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:159-162.
Cataract Formation With a Primary Iris Stromal Cyst
Authors: Kodjikian Laurent , Gain Philippe , Donate David , Gambrelle Joel , Rouberol Frédéric , de la Fouchardiere Arnaud , Burillon Carole , Grange Jean-Daniel
Published: January 2019

Abstract. An 11-year-old boy was diagnosed with a primary acquired iris stromal cyst. A 5-year follow-up showed growth of the cyst with visual impairment. An inferior iridectomy was performed including the whole cystic lesion. The presence of a cataract is rare, especially in adolescents, but requires treatment to preserve the globe and vision. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:232-235.
Long-Term Results of Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession for Congenital Esotropia
Authors: Keskinbora Kadircan H. , Pulur Nuray Karakuscu
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

This study assessed the long-term results of orthophoria obtained with bilateral medial rectus recession for congenital esotropia.

Patients and Methods:

The medical records of 214 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession between January 1995 and January 2000 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if neurological abnormalities or developmental delays were documented and if structural eye abnormalities were present. Mean follow up was 54.2 months (range, 36 to 96 months). Rates of reoperation for residual esotropia, consecutive exotropia, oblique muscle overaction, or dissociated vertical deviation were determined.

Results:

Forty-five (21%) patients underwent surgery for residual esotropia, 32 (15%) underwent surgery for consecutive exotropia or dissociated horizontal deviation, and 39 (18%) underwent surgery for oblique muscle overaction and dissociated vertical deviation.

Conclusion:

To maintain long-term alignment of congenital esotropia, additional surgical procedures may be required. The success rate of bilateral medial rectus recession for ocular realignment with one operation is approximately 50%. This method is quicker, simpler, and less traumatic than three or four muscle operations. In addition, the lateral rectus and oblique muscle are left unoperated for future surgeries if necessary.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:351–355.
Jaw-Winking Ptosis in a Patient With Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Emmert-Buck Leslie T. , Preslan Mark W. , Kathuria Sajeev S.
Published: January 2019

We present a case of a child with Kabuki syndrome and jaw-winking ptosis. Kabuki syndrome is rare and consists of a constellation of findings including mental retardation, characteristic oculofacial features, and skeletal abnormalities. The association of Kabuki syndrome and jaw-winking ptosis has not been previously reported.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:369–372.
Émigrer après la mort : le transfert du corps du roi Sanche VII de Navarre à Roncevaux et l’hypothèse Fontevraud
Authors: Miranda García Fermín
Published: January 2019

À la différence des rois immédiatement antérieurs et postérieurs, qui ont choisi d’être enterrés à la cathédrale de Pampelune, la dépouille de Sanche VII de Navarre a été déposée à la collégiale Sainte-Marie de Roncevaux, au sommet des Pyrénées. Cette étude essaie d’établir les causes d’un choix si singulier et analyse la possibilité d’une éventuelle volonté de Sanche VII de s’inspirer du panthéon de la dynastie Plantagenêt à Fontevraud, dans le cadre des relations entre les monarchies navarraise et anglo-normande aux alentours de 1200.
Cherchez la femme… sur le mont Athos ?
Authors: Pasquier-Chambolle Diane
Published: January 2019

Parmi les montagnes de l’Empire byzantin, la presqu’île de l’Athos devient, dès la fin du viiie siècle, un centre monastique majeur : ceux et celles qui sont poussés irrésistiblement à fuir un monde empêchant toute méditation y voient le lieu le plus propice au recueillement solitaire. Les institutions qui s’y multiplient présentent une singularité révélée dans leurs règlements : ce sont les seuls monastères où la présence des femmes, et même des femelles lorsqu’il est question d’animaux, y est totalement interdite. Pourtant, d’autres archives de l’Athos permettent d’observer la participation de celles qui sont présentées comme des sources de tentation à la vie économique de la Macédoine orientale. Bien que très peu nombreuses, ces interventions permettent de mesurer l’écart existant entre l’interdiction totale pour les femmes de se trouver sur la montagne et la pratique. Une autre forme de présence est possible pour celles qui louent les vertus des saints anachorètes athonites.
Architecture et décor des couvents mendiants dans le Massif central (début du xiiie siècle-fin du xve siècle) : tradition, expérimentation ou modernité des modèles gothiques ?
Authors: Bourguignon Claire
Published: January 2019

Y a-t-il une architecture mendiante ? Cette question a longtemps conditionné la recherche sur la structure et l’organisation des couvents mendiants. Malgré des études récentes sur les débuts de l’art gothique en Auvergne, peu de travaux questionnent le rapport des ordres religieux bâtisseurs aux modèles du gothique rayonnant et du gothique flamboyant. L’étude pose les données du problème de l’introduction et du développement des modèles architecturaux et décoratifs dans les couvents mendiants situés dans les diocèses de Clermont, du Puy et de Saint-Flour. Elle est fondée sur la documentation iconographique médiévale et moderne, les vestiges lapidaires et le mobilier conservés en musées et une première analyse de l’architecture et du décor des édifices. Ce travail apporte un éclairage sur la problématique de l’appropriation des modèles architecturaux du gothique septentrional et méridional et propose une réflexion sur la diffusion des expériences architecturales mendiantes en moyenne montagne.
Development of Extreme Reference Years for Building Energy Simulation Scenarios
Authors: Pernigotto Giovanni , Prada Alessandro , Gasparella Andrea
Published: January 2019

Typical years are developed from the analysis of multi-year series, selecting actual months to assembly in a single reference year, representative of the long-term typical weather. Some statistical techniques are generally involved in the development process to ensure true frequencies, sequences and cross-correlations of the weather quantities: as regard the reference year built according to the European technical standard EN ISO 15927-4:2005, TRYEN, the method is based on the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics. In this work, we exploit the same statistic with a different target: to develop an extreme reference year, ERY, by identifying those candidate months far from being representative of the long-term weather data distribution. These new artificial extreme years are composed of statistically “non-representative” months warmer in the summer and colder in the winter - which means with daily dry bulb temperature and global solar irradiation higher in summer or lower in winter than the long-term averages respectively. The analysis is performed for five Italian localities belonging to the Alpine Regions and to Sicily. Aiming to assess the efficacy of the proposed procedure, TRYEN and ERY are compared and both used to simulate the energy performance of 48 simplified buildings, parametrically built by varying insulation level, windows’ size, orientation and SHGC and kind of opaque elements.
The Potential of Descriptive Building Specifications as an Alternative to Detailed Normative Calculations
Authors: Marković Marija , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Energy performance calculations are stipulated by law in most European countries. Thereby, different calculation schemes have been developed in the past years in different countries. The physical processes in buildings were simplified in terms of normative calculation routines in most of these schemes. A major idea behind these simplifications was to enable different stakeholders (practitioners, engineers, and architects) to issue energy certificates without being simulation experts. Moreover, the simplifications needed to be described thoroughly in corresponding guidelines to ensure and facilitate the comparability of the energy performance of different buildings. However, neither of these objectives can be considered to be fully met. Regarding the former, the normative calculation procedures increased in complexity in the past years, so that the issuing of energy certificates requires not only the stakeholder’s expertise but also a comprehensive knowledge of the standards that form the calculation method. Regarding the latter, recent research efforts revealed that many guidelines do not fully cover every aspect of the calculation procedures and the assumptions regarding required input data. Thus, the comparability of energy certificates has to be strongly questioned, as a number of relevant calculation parameters are dependent on the interpretation of the corresponding issuer.Given this background, alternative approaches to building performance evaluation would be of interest. Previous approaches by different researchers suggested so called prescriptive indicators, which can be derived by basic building data (for instance, geometry and thermal quality of the building envelope components). This contribution is based on this concept. In the framework of a master thesis, a number of prescriptive indicators were considered. These indicators were derived for a set of sample buildings. In a parallel effort, energy certificates (encompassing Key Performance Indicators KPIs) were calculated for the sample buildings. It is clear that the prescriptive indicators cannot act as a 1:1 replacement for KPIs in terms of a numeric value. However, their usefulness can be expressed by the relation of the prescriptive indicator and the corresponding KPIs of a building. Thus, the results of the described calculation efforts were ranked. Subsequently, the lists of buildings ranked by the different indicators were compared in order to identify prescriptive indicators, which result in the same or at least similar ranking as the normative key performance indicators. Within this contribution, the suggested prescriptive indicators, the sample buildings, and the results of the analysis are presented and discussed.
On the Impact of Building Façades’ Color on Thermal Building Performance and Outdoor Thermal Comfort
Authors: Azarnejhad Araz , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

A surface property of building façades, which has implications for thermal performance of buildings as well as outdoor thermal comfort, is visual reflectance. In this paper, the effects of façades’ visual reflectance on buildings' thermal performance and outdoor thermal comfort were investigated. A simulation tool was calibrated via empirical data and deployed to explore the impact of the visual reflectance of typical building façades in Vienna on indoor temperature and heating and cooling loads. The results show that the magnitude of visual reflectance has little impact on indoor temperature and energy demand of insulated buildings, while its effect on cooling load of non-insulated buildings is considerable. Finally, the effect of façades' visual reflectance on outdoor thermal comfort was investigated.
A Visual Method for Detailed Analysis of Building Life Cycle Assessment Results
Authors: Kiss Benedek , Szalay Zsuzsa
Published: January 2019

In the environmental analysis of buildings, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is gaining more and more interest. It is due to the fact, that LCA is very comprehensive in considering many impacts in all life-cycle phases of the examined building. Since buildings have a complicated geometry that is built up with numerous constructions that consist of many materials, and the life-cycle includes many phases, the results of an assessment are likely to be difficult to analyze in detail. In this paper we introduce a visual method to help architects and analysts to quickly understand the results of an environmental assessment. It includes the hierarchic visualization of the performance of the individual elements of the building. Both energy use and environmental impacts can be presented. Also the contribution of the different life-cycle phases in the overall impact is visualized.There are increasing efforts nowadays to find the most efficient way to improve the environmental performance of buildings. This can be supported with a detailed analysis of the results. The method is presented through a case study of a realized energy efficient one-family house.
Predictive Performance of Hygro-Thermal Simulation Models: A Case Study
Authors: Aien Samira , Taheri Mahnameh , Pinich Sarin , Schuss Matthias , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

In recent years, many researchers have focused on the energy efficiency and performance of existing buildings. In order to predict the hygrothermal performance and minimize the risk of moisture damage in retrofit cases, user-friendly moisture calculation tools have been developed. However, concerns have been raised as to how to increase the reliability of such tools. In this context, the present study uses simulation to investigate the retrofit potential of the historical building façades via application of silica aerogels on the external walls. Monitored data provided the basis for generation of a more accurate initial simulation model, as well as the evaluation of the predictive performance of the model.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
Authors: Čeheľová Dagmara , Franek Michal , Bielek Boris
Published: January 2019

Aerodynamics is a relatively young scientific discipline, which started developing in the 50´s of last century. There are known several methods for calculating and measuring of the aerodynamic variables – in-situ measurements, wind tunnel measurements, CFD simulations and calculations according to national standards. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays a large focus is on experimental verifying the findings achieved with calculations help and CFD simulations. One of the verification possibilities are measurements in wind tunnels. The submitted paper deals with construction and using of the wind tunnel by the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. This device was put into operation after experimental verification in 2012, so this wind tunnel is one of the newest of its kind in Europe. The concept of the construction of individual structural elements and the wind tunnel parts has been designed in collaboration with the Aeronautical Research and Test Institute (Czech Republic) and was based on previous made analysis of aerodynamic tunnels. Its structure was designed and realized by Konštrukta Industry (Slovak Republic). We could it characterized as atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel with open test section. It is unique with two test sections – front and back measuring space, where the front measuring space is used for uniform flow and the back measuring space is used for turbulent flow. That is why it is not only usable in the civil engineering sector (buildings, bridges, chimneys etc.), but also in city urbanism (pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety, dispersion of air pollutants), aircraft and automotive industries.
Visual Impairment, Adaptation Luminance, and Glare: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Hauck Nico , Buser Fritz , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Visually impaired people primarily rely on their remaining vision. Unfavorable lighting conditions can further hamper this remaining vision. In this context, the present contribution mainly focuses on the evaluation of the visual performance of visually impaired and normally sighted individuals under different lighting conditions. To investigate the visual performance empirically, we developed a test involving different adaptation luminance values. A monitor with adjustable brightness facilitated various tests to determine the visual performance as a function of the adaptation luminance and glare. In addition, the subjective impressions of the visually impaired participants were captured via interviews. The study included 98 visually impaired people and 38 people without eye-related ailments. The interview results suggest that most people with visual disabilities require special lighting conditions. An increased lighting requirement is observed amongst 50% of this group. Moreover, 75% of this group display increased glare sensitivity. Likewise, adaptation problems and critical issues related to non-uniform lighting are manifest. Visually impaired individuals display significant in the visual performance variance at different brightness levels. Individuals with eye disease display a greatly reduced contrast threshold and a higher subjective level of discomfort compared to individuals with normal vision. Most visually impaired individuals require a higher degree of brightness to achieve their maximum personal visual performance. About a quarter of these individuals achieves the optimal visual performance at lower brightness, while displaying an increased sensitivity to glare. In general, glare has a decisive influence on the visual performance of visually impaired people. For general lighting purposes, a predominantly indirect lighting source better accommodates these individuals' requirements.
Low Frequency Noise Level Assessment in Vienna
Authors: Vanca Mihai , Lechleitner Josef , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

The present contribution reports on the results of sound level measurements in a number of locations in the city of Vienna, Austria. Thereby, a primary objective was to determine the degree to which the measurement results agree with corresponding information in the E.N.D. (Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC) maps. Moreover, the relationship between the low-frequency segment of the acoustical exposure to the broad-band data was investigated. The results point to traffic as the main source of urban noise exposure. E.N.D. maps appear to provide a reasonable general overview of the urban noise circumstances. However, measurement results at individual locations can considerably deviate from E.N.D. data. Numeric values of low-frequency sound level range were found to be generally higher than those of the broad-frequency levels. The results revealed also a strong correlation between measurement-based L50R and NR (Noise Rating) values.
A Cell-Based Method to Support Hospital Refurbishment
Authors: Wurzer Gabriel , Coraglia Ugo Maria , Pont Ulrich , Weber Christian , Lorenz Wolfgang E. , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Hospital refurbishments often take place in parallel to regular operation, resulting in a scheduling problem: Construction activities must located such as they do not clash with daily work activities and vice versa. To be able to see this mutual influence, we have devised a tool in which we are able to visualize the adverse effects of construction on daily operation. The approach uses a cellular automaton to represent the three-dimensional hospital environment and uses a particle simulation for computing the distribution of dust, noise and vibrations. By interactively relocating work activities and construction activities, our tool can be used to solve the mentioned scheduling problem. It also enables us to show the sequence of construction and relocation activities in 3D, which might be easier to interpret than a classical project plan in tabular form.
Communication Analysis of Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Method for Heat Pumps and Chillers
Authors: Weyr Jan , Schoberer Thomas , Stutterecker Werner
Published: January 2019

There are many modelling and simulation methods and techniques, which may be used for prediction or reproduction of heat pumps and chillers behaviour. The hardware-in-the-loop method (HIL) is a technique developed to test a system and its elements working real-time to validate simulated values and to determine the actual performance of heating and cooling capability and performance of the whole system under specific conditions. The HIL can also serve as an intermediate step before testing a system in its actual environment providing opportunity to change boundary conditions or use different control mechanisms. This paper deals with the analysis complexity and possible inaccuracies due to communication difficulties between the test rig and simulation software and due to the test rig hydraulic character. We test and compare several simulation and communication variants such as different time step or different steady-state detection methods in order to achieve the most realistic behaviour of the heat pump and the whole system. The main result of this research is enhancement of communication and simulation accuracy and speedup of the whole process.