bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE INVESTIGATION GROUP BERBANTUAN MEDIA MAZE PADA KELOMPOK B RA DI NURUS SALAM SAMARANG
Authors: Ulfah Fitria , Nurpadilah Ropi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak pada kelompok B di RA Nurus Salam, diantaranya anak belum mampu mengobservasi, belum mampu megumpulkan informasi, mengolah informasi, dan belum mampu menyampaikan serta mengkomunikasikan informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak usia dini dengan menggunakan metode Investigation Group dengan bantaun media maze. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis MC dan Taggart. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga siklus setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak pra siklus 21%, siklus I 26%, siklus II 47% dan siklus III 73%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak usia dini pada kelompok B RA Nurus Salam mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan.
Kata Kunci   : Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, Metode Investigation Group, Media Maze, Anak Usia Dini
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA EKSPRESIF ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI MEDIA LOOSE PART DI TAMAN KANAK KANAK AISYIYAH CABANG SAMARANG
Authors: Aliyah Siti , Azka Sabila Magfirul
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berbahasa anak, dibuktikan dengan perkembangan bahasa ekspresif anak di TK Aisyiyah Cabang Samarang yaitu terletak pada pola asuh orang tua dan lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak usia 5-6 tahun dalam proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan di dalam kelas masih terpaku kepada penggunaan metode ceramah dan media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kurang variatif sehingga kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak kurang terstimulasi dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah terdeskripsikannya peningkatan kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui media loose part di TK Aisyiyah Cabang Samarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media loose part dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Aisyiyah Cabang Samarang, dibuktikan dengan hasil presentase keberhasilan yang mencapai 87% setelah diberikan tindakan Siklus I, Siklus II, dan Siklus III.
Kata Kunci: Anak usia dini, Bahasa ekspresif, Media loose part
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Fiqh Ibadah Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bernyanyi Di RA Nurul Hikmah Bayongbong Garut
Authors: Sofiawati Eva , Firdiyanti Nurkamilah
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan pada kemampuan pemahaman fiqh ibadah anak usia dini di RA Nurul Hikmah Bayongbong, perlunya metode pembelajaran yang menyenangkan buat menunjang proses pembelajaran yang menarik, aktif dan inovatif. Metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode bernyanyi dapat mengefektifkan pembelajaran kemampuan pemahaman fiqh ibadah anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk terdeskripsinya kemampuan pemahaman fiqh ibadah anak usia dini di RA Nurul Hikmah, terdeskripsikannya penerapan metode bernyanyi dalam pembelajaran fiqh ibadah pada RA Nurul Hikmah dan terdeskripsikannya pemahaman fiqh ibadah anak usia dini sesudah diterapkan metode bernyanyi di RA Nurul Hikmah Bayongbong.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis MC dan Taggart, pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data analisis menggunakan data kualitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan di RA Nurul Hikmah Bayongbong sebanyak 19 orang siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman fiqh ibadah pada anak usia dini di RA Nurul Hikmah Bayongbong Garut mengalami peningkatan hal tersebut dilihat dari data akumulasi hasil dari prasiklus dengan persentase 11%, pada siklus pertama meningkat dengan peningkatan persentase 37% dan pada siklus kedua mengalami peningkatan dengan persentase 74%.
Kata kunci: Kemampuan, Ibadah, Kreativitas
Property as the Law of Virtual Things
Authors: Fairfield J. A.T.
Published: May 2024

Property law in the twentieth century moved from the law of things to the law of rights in things. This was a process of fragmentation: Under Hohfeldian property, we conceive of property as a bundle of sticks, and those sticks can be moved to different holders; the right to possess can be separated from the record ownership right, for example. The downside of Hohfeld’s model is that physical objects — things — become informationally complicated. Thing-ness constrains the extravagances of Hohfeldian property: although we can split off the right to possess from the right to exclude, use, destroy, copy, manage, repair, and so on, there is a gravitational pull to tie these sticks back into a useful bundle centered on the asset, the thing. Correspondingly, there has been an “informational turn” to property law, looking at the ways in which property law serves to limit property forms to reduce search costs, and to identify and celebrate the informational characteristics of thing-ness. The question of thing-ness came to a head in the context of digital and smart assets with the formation of non-fungible tokens. NFTs were attempts to generate and sell “things” a conceptually coherent something that can contain a loose bundle of rights. The project was an attempt to re-create thingness by an amalgam of cryptography, game theory, and intellectual property. This essay discusses thing-ness in the context of digital assets, how simulated thing-ness differs from physical thing-ness, and the problems that arise from attempts to reify digital assets.
A educação à distância através da internet como forma de acesso, inclusão e de democratização da educação para todos
Authors: Lima Alan Freire de , Jesus Nagila Rocha de , Lopes Gabriel César Dias
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O advento e a popularização da internet proporcionaram o acesso a uma infinidade de recursos informacionais que estavam sendo transplantado do impresso ao digital. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a importância da educação à distância, a educação à distância atravessou um processo de transição do analógico para o digital. Método: A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica com uma abordagem qualitativa dentre os teóricos elencados foram Almeida (2003), Dornelles (2004), Freire (2005, Freire (2011), Lévy (1999), Rurato, Gouveia (2004), dentre outros teóricos.  Resultados: Um dos grandes desafios que os países em desenvolvimento e mais atrasados na introdução da educação à distância de forma intensa e universal, envolve desde investimentos, e políticas públicas educacionais que compreendam que uma educação de qualidade e universal é possível. Conclusões: Percebemos que o governo brasileiro deve atuar de forma ativa e progressiva na melhoria e na implantação da educação à distância concomitantemente melhorar a formação de professores para a educação à distância em todos os níveis da educação.
Mother Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics within the Context of African Biblical Hermeneutics: It’s Origin, Trends and Challenges
Authors: Akoto Richard Osei
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the intricate landscape of Mother Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics within the context of African Biblical Hermeneutics, aiming to unravel its origins, discern trends, and confront challenges. Employing a qualitative research methodology grounded in extensive literature review and critical analysis, this investigation explores the evolution and current state of Mother Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics in the African context.Findings underscore the significance of linguistic and cultural nuances in biblical interpretation, emphasizing the role of indigenous languages in shaping contextual understanding and relevance. Moreover, the study identifies persistent challenges including colonial legacies, linguistic imperialism, and theological biases that impede the full realization of Mother Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics.In light of these findings, recommendations are proposed to foster the integration of indigenous languages into biblical scholarship, advocate for linguistic diversity, and promote inclusivity in theological discourse. Ultimately, this study contributes to scholarship by illuminating the vital intersection of language, culture, and interpretation in African Biblical Hermeneutics, thereby enriching theological dialogue and advancing decolonial approaches to biblical studies.

Keywords: Biblical Hermeneutics, African Biblical Hermeneutics, Mother-tongue Biblical studies, Origin, Trends and Challenges.
‘I too in couplets would attempt to paint / Our varied woes, and versify complaint’: Poetic Form and Knowledge in Early Nineteenth-Century Satirical Poetry by East India Company Employees
Authors: Beckers Cornelius
Published: May 2024

This essay explores the ways in which employees of the East India Company (EIC) used the subversive form of satirical poetry during the early decades of the nineteenth century as one way of undermining orientalist bodies of knowledge that had guided previous policies of governing British India. Moreover, it will also be examined how these satires made use of widely known formal arrangements and poetic conventions of neoclassical poetry in order to undermine or break with previously accepted orientalist values of governance and related bodies of knowledge that were central to the education and training of new company officials during the latter decades of the eighteenth century. The specific case of the EIC will be used as a springboard for further discussions about whether similar instances of adapting metropolitan poetic conventions in colonial settings were common in other European imperial spaces on the subcontinent, such as Portuguese India.
From the Felon’s Cell: The Subaltern Ballads of Lady Jane and Oscar Wilde
Authors: Hussain Amir
Published: May 2024

This essay examines Lady Jane Wilde’s ballads of Irish resistance together with Oscar Wilde’s imprisonment and his ballad from prison,
The Ballad of Reading Gaol
. Thinking of Lady Jane Wilde, a consistently understudied figure in nineteenth-century literary studies, in close relation to Oscar Wilde illuminates the resistance of both authors to imperialism and its penal institutions. The Wildes’ use of the language and form of poetry from the felon’s cell to confront imprisonment within transnational borders of imperialism provides a significant example of resistance poetry within a historical context in which prisoners were often barred from writing. The essay furthermore situates and differentiates their subaltern ballads in relation to the broader tradition of nineteenth-century ballads.
Multimodal Machine Translation Approaches for Indian Languages: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Paul Binnu , Rudrapal Dwijen , Chakma Kunal , Jamatia Anupam
Published: May 2024

Multimodal machine translation (MMT) is a challenging task in the linguistically diverse Indian landscape. Machine translation refers to the task of automatically converting content from one language to another without human involvement. Within the realm of natural language processing, a significant challenge arises from the inherent ambiguity present in human language. Translation ambiguity is a cross-lingual phenomenon that can manifest itself for various reasons, including lexical ambiguity, the occasional need to impute missing words, the presence of gen-der ambiguity, and word-sense ambiguities. These factors can lead to a decrease in translation accuracy. The integration of multiple modalities, such as images, videos, and audio, in addition to text, plays a pivotal role in improving the robustness and precision of translation systems. Over the past five years, extensive research has been dedicated to incorporating secondary modalities alongside text to improve language translation and comprehension. In this comprehensive study, our objective was to identify and explore promising MMT approaches, available corpora, eval-uation metrics, research challenges, and the future direction of research specifically for Indian languages. We evaluated 81 papers, including MMT models, MMT dataset in Indian languages, survey on MMT approach, and the effects of multiple modalities in machine translation. The performance of the different proposed approaches has also been briefly analyzed on the basis of the claimed results and comparative evaluations. Finally, the challenges associated with the MMT task for India and some possible directions for future research in this domain are highlighted.
Software Process Improvement by Managing Situational Method Engineering Knowledge
Authors: Dehghani Razieh , Ramsin Raman
Published: May 2024

Organizational processes have been recognized as valuable knowledge assets. Situational Method Engineering (SME) processes are particularly valuable as they are used for engineering other processes: SME processes help construct bespoke Software Development Methodologies (SDMs) for specific software-engineering project situations. Every SDM has a Software Development Process (SDP) at its heart, which specifies the activities that should be performed throughout the project, the products that should be produced, and the people that should be involved. Existing SME methods suffer from certain weaknesses that are rooted in loss of knowledge within their processes; for instance, the method engineers' experience, which is a kind of tacit knowledge, is not properly captured and utilized in these processes. Managing SME process knowledge helps alleviate these weaknesses through reusing the software developers' experience and maintaining the method engineers' knowledge. We propose an evaluation framework that can be used for assessing an SME method's ability to manage process knowledge. We also provide a model that guides the improvement of existing SME methods in their support for Knowledge Management (KM), and also helps engineer new SME methods that provide adequate KM support. We have assessed the applicability of the proposed evaluation framework and improvement model by using them to enhance eight prominent SME methods, and also by applying them to four industrial case studies.
Towards a single device for multiple security domains
Authors: Skopik Florian , Bonitz Arndt , Slamanig Daniel , Kirschner Markus , Hacker Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Military field operations place high demands on information and communication technology (ICT) devices, both in terms of reliability and security. These requirements include robustness against environmental influences such as vibrations, water, and humidity as well as protection against physical attacks and cyber-attacks. Attempts to compromise a device must be detected immediately, and if necessary, trigger automated countermeasures such as alarms, partial deactivation or emergency wiping of all data. In this work, we specifically focus on cyber security issues and aim to deliver a concept for a device that can be used in multiple security domains, isolating mission-specific data from each other without the risk of data spillover. For that purpose, we outline a high-level concept for a resilient single device concept that is able to withstand common intrusion attempts. We identify threat agents, misuse cases and the risks of a single device concept for multiple security domains and evaluate the most pressing issues. Based on the identified risks, we determine additional mitigation measures and discuss their applicability. We foresee our work to provide valuable insights into the requirements on and design decisions of highly secure mobile device solutions.
Unveiling prey preferences of endangered wild Malayan tiger, Panthera tigris jacksoni, in Peninsular Malaysia through scat analysis via COI DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Gani Millawati , Sitam Frankie Thomas , Kamarudin Zubaidah , Selamat Siti Suzana , Awang Nik Mohd Zamani , Muhd-Sahimi Hani Nabilia , Wong Michael , Selat Baharim , Abdullah-Halim Nur Fatin Khairunnisa , Yong Lim Shu , Yoke Ling Fong , Yaakop Salmah , Mohd-Ridwan Abd Rahman , Md-Zain Badrul Munir
Published: May 2024

Understanding the prey preference of Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in Malaysia is important to guide conservation planning initiatives. The utilisation of DNA metabarcoding provides valuable insights, particularly in the field of carnivora diet research. This technique has been proven to be effective for identifying various species within complex mixtures such as scat materials, where visual identification is challenging. The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus has been selected as it is a widely used as an effective non-invasive approach for diet studies. Hence, given this advance approach, Malayan tiger scats were collected on the basis of existing records of their presence in two types of habitats, namely, protected areas (PA) and human–tiger conflict (HTC) areas. This study aimed to identify prey species in Peninsular Malaysia, based on Malayan tiger scat samples using DNA metabarcoding. Based on the partial mitochondrial COI region, DNA metabarcoding led to the taxonomic resolution of prey DNA remnants in scats and the identification of prey species consumed by Malayan tiger, which were predominately small-to-medium-sized prey, including livestock. The dominant DNA prey detected belongs to the family Canidae, followed by Bovidae, Vespertilionidae, Homonidae, Felidae, Phasianidae and Muridae. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in alpha and beta diversity using the Shannon index and PERMANOVA with regard to prey richness and evenness in two different habitat groups, namely, PA and HTC. Our finding provides insights into Malayan tiger dietary requirements, which can be used to develop conservation plans and strategies for Malayan tiger, particularly for habitat priorities.
Eradication of feral swine from a barrier island in Florida, USA: an examination of effort and multi-method, multi-species population indexing
Authors: Engeman Richard M. , Tillman Eric A. , Evans Betsy A. , Griffin John C. , Grobaski Garrison , Smith Bradley S. , Stark John , Kluever Bryan M.
Published: May 2024

Feral swine were targeted for and successfully eradicated from Saint Vincent Island (SVI), a National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) along the coast of Florida’s panhandle to protect its habitats and uncharacteristically high diversity of wildlife species for barrier islands in the region, including federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species. The eradication effort was initiated in early 2015 and concluded in 2019. A total of 438 feral swine were removed from the Island, 417 by federal control experts and 21 by recreational hunters. In general, the amount of effort needed to eradicate each feral swine slowly increased as the eradication effort progressed; however, effort increased by an order of magnitude in the final six months. The last three feral swine took 77 days of effort to remove. The eradication effort provided an opportunity for evaluating and comparing methods for indexing feral swine population abundance and their abilities to describe population trends and to detect animals at low population abundance. The feral swine population was monitored from 2015–2019 using a passive tracking index (PTI) twice each year and using camera traps. Camera and track plot data were used to calculate abundance indices based on a well-documented indexing paradigm applied to feral swine populations. In addition, we simultaneously monitored relative abundance of other mammalian species crucial to management for the Island. The PTI and camera index both well-tracked population abundance simultaneously for the large ungulates inhabiting the Island (feral swine, white-tailed deer, sambar deer). However, the sensitivity for the PTI to capture animal observations was much greater than for the camera stations. This held true even over 5-day observation sessions by cameras versus 3-day observation sessions for track plots. Additionally, the PTI was sensitive for simultaneously capturing data for smaller animals, raccoons and armadillos, whereas the camera stations were ineffective for the smaller species, likely due to camera positions being optimised to capture feral swine. Our 100-m track plots outperformed the camera stations in many regards, but the camera stations required less labour in the field and were less fragile in the field, especially from weather or access issues. In 2018, Hurricane Michael, a category 5 hurricane, struck SVI. Its habitat damage may have adversely impacted white-tailed deer and sambar deer populations, but not armadillos or raccoons. Both the swine eradication and hurricane impacts provided valuable means for validating indexing procedures.
Application of biological medicinal products and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19: A systematic review of scientific literature
Authors: Parvova Iva , Yordanov Emanuil , Hristov Emil , Petkova Valentina
Published: May 2024

We analyzed whether commonly used biological medicinal products and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors with indications for treatment of rheumatologic diseases can be used in patients with concurrent COVID-19 by systematically reviewing scientific articles. The articles were selected according to PRISMA by keywords in the MEDLINE and Central Medical Library - MU Sofia databases for the period January 2020–December 2023. We found 168 scientific publications, of which 9 met the set criteria. Results were evaluated using descriptive methods and the PICOS tool. We found no evidence that the use of BMPs and TKIs in patients with rheumatologic diseases leads to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and/or a more severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several cases of prolonged or atypical COVID-19-induced pneumonia have been identified in patients treated with Rituximab. This suggests the need for caution in the use of this medicinal product in patients with COVID-19. The 2022 EULAR recommendations are in the same spirit.
Histological analysis of Xylella fastidiosa infection in Quercus pyrenaica in Northern Portugal
Authors: Loureiro Talita , Gonçalves Berta , Serra Luís , Martins Ângela , Cortez Isabel , Poeta Patrícia
Published: May 2024

Quercus pyrenaica Willd thrives in the intermediate zone between the Mediterranean sclerophyllous and the temperate deciduous forest. In December 2022, the presence of the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) was confirmed in samples collected from a Quercus pyrenaica located in Sabrosa, Vila Real, Portugal. Following Xf infection, the transport of water and nutrients is hindered due to the occlusion of xylem vessels. This loss of hydraulic conductivity may lead to vessel blockage and subsequent embolism formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between Xf and Quercus pyrenaica tissues, as well as the mechanism by which the bacteria can spread through the plant's xylem vessels, ultimately resulting in the formation of vascular plugs. At the time of the sample collection (10 months post-detection), symptoms of Bacterial Leaf Scorch (BLS) began to appear. Examination of xylem vessels using both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of various types of occlusions, predominantly tyloses. Additionally, fibrillar networks, gums, starch grains, and crystals were observed. The stem vessels exhibited significantly more occlusions compared to the leaves. Furthermore, individual bacterial cells were observed to be attached to the vessel wall. This implies that occlusions were primarily induced by tyloses and gums as a defensive response to the invasion of vascular pathogens, in addition to the pathogen itself. This study highlights the presence of starch grains in stems, which may function as a refilling mechanism, thereby preventing the loss of hydraulic conductivity in plants and potentially acting as a means to entrap the bacteria. These mechanisms exemplify the constitutive defense systems of the plant against Xf. Understanding the interaction between Xylella fastidiosa and Quercus pyrenaica is crucial, given that the latter species occupies nearly 95% of the natural distribution area of Portugal.
The effect of the electrolyte composition on the microstructure and properties of coatings formed on a titanium substrate by microarc oxidation
Authors: Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Zhassulan Ainur , Baizhan Daryn , Shynarbek Aibek , Ormanbekov Kuanysh , Aldabergenova Tamara
Published: May 2024

This article is dedicated to investigating the impact of different electrolyte compositions on the development of titanium coatings endowed with superior mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties. An experimental analysis was conducted on three distinct electrolyte formulations, each contributing unique attributes to the coating's structural formation. Advanced analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, hardness testing, wear resistance evaluation, and corrosion trials in harsh environments, were employed to gauge the mechanical, tribological, and anti-corrosive performance of the coatings. The utilization of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray structural analysis, and additional methodologies enabled an in-depth characterization of the microstructure and elucidated the relationship between the physico-mechanical properties and the electrolyte's chemical makeup. Among the electrolytes examined, the composition containing potassium hydroxide emerged as superior, fostering coatings with a distinctively porous structure that augment mechanical attributes. A considerable degree of porosity coupled with relatively small pore dimensions suggests the potential to engineer structures that exhibit optimal mechanical robustness. Furthermore, research findings related to this specific electrolyte composition revealed enhancements in the friction coefficient and wear resistance, indicating its promising prospects for tribological applications. The study also meticulously addressed the corrosion aspects, revealing that the microarc oxidation-derived coatings substantially improve corrosion resistance by offering more favorable potentials and currents than the bare titanium substrate. The efficacy of microarc oxidation as an avant-garde technique to advance the properties of titanium alloys underscores its prospective utility and practical relevance in contemporary industrial applications.
NDLP Phishing: A Fine-Tuned Application to Detect Phishing Attacks Based on Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning
Authors: Benavides-Astudillo Eduardo , Fuertes Walter , Sanchez-Gordon Sandra , Nuñez-Agurto Daniel
Published: May 2024

Phishing is a cyberattack that aims to deceive and harm users socially or economically. The most elaborate method to carry out this type of attack is through phishing web pages. For an untrained eye, it is not easy to distinguish whether a page is phishing. Different solutions combat this type of attack, such as those using deep learning (DL). Still, they need to be more aligned with the body text of web pages, taking into account their linguistic characteristics, or they will only exist as a model without providing practical application. This study aims to develop a lightweight tool, an extension for installation in the Google Chrome web browser that enables the detection of phishing attacks using DL and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. This proposed tool is NDLP Phishing (NDLP is a combination of the acronyms NLP and DL). First, we selected and adjusted the hyperparameters of BiGRU layers, dropout, batch Size, epochs, BiGRU neurons, and GloVe dimension of a BiGRU detection model based on DL and NLP. Second, an extension was developed for Google Chrome based on the fine-tuned model. The results of our experiments show a set of optimal hyperparameters to train the model. Subsequently, we applied these hyperparameters and achieved a mean accuracy of 98.55%. The code for the algorithms that generated the prediction model and the code for the Google Chrome extension are shared on GitHub.
Overview of Mobile Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques Using Machine Learning
Authors: Al Hwaitat Ahmad K. , Fakhouri Hussam N. , Alawida Moatsum , S Atoum Mohammed , Abu-Salih Bilal , K. M. Salah Imad , Al-Sharaeh Saleh , Alassaf Nabil
Published: May 2024

In light of the increasing sophistication and frequency of mobile attacks, there is a growing demand for advanced intelligent techniques capable of offering comprehensive mobile attack detection and prevention. This paper aims to critically evaluate the landscape of mobile security, outlining the evolution of mobile attack vectors and pinpointing the deficiencies in traditional security methods. The text embarks on a journey to understand the connection between machine learning (ML) and its promising applications in enhancing mobile security. First, we outline the current state of mobile attacks and the traditional methods used for their detection, emphasizing the clear limitations and the necessity for an innovative approach. Following this, we will elucidate the fundamentals of ML and its implications in cybersecurity, exploring the benefits it can provide to mobile attack detection frameworks. We delve into discussing various ML algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines, highlighting their effectiveness and the metrics used to evaluate ML models in security tasks. Moreover, the paper sheds light on novel approaches such as semi-supervised and unsupervised learning in anomaly detection, as well as the applications of transfer learning in security. Addressing the pressing challenges faced in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven mobile attack detection, we delve deep into the intricacies of data collection, labeling, and the prevailing issues of imbalance and overfitting. Furthermore, we explore contemporary adversarial attacks and defenses, scrutinizing the real-world adaptability of AI models and the pivotal role of human-AI collaboration in enhancing attack detection mechanisms.
On the Incompatibility of Pragmatist Philosophy and Scientistic Philosophy
Authors: Silva Nicolas , Ames Roger T.
Published: May 2024

In this paper we claim that pragmatist philosophical practice is incompatible with scientistic philosophy. The kind of pragmatism used for making this case follows the spirit and method of philosophical pragmatists such as William James, John Dewey, Richard Rorty, and a related pragmatic tradition, Confucian Philosophy. Pragmatism starts from immediate experience, and refuses to cleave off the reality and salience of what is found in such experience in the process of thinking. Pragmatism also concerns itself with social problems, broadly conceived. In contrast to this focus on immediate experience, the influence of science in much philosophizing involves a kind of scientism through which the relevance, value, and even reality of experience is brought into question. It also concerns itself with a narrowly defined set of so-called philosophical problems. In this regard, pragmatist philosophical practice is fundamentally opposed to scientistic philosophical practice. We will start by modelling the kind of philosophical practice that stems from pragmatism, and the role of immediate experience in it. Subsequently, we will introduce two modes of philosophizing that diminish if not negate the role of experience. One is bald naturalist philosophizing, and the other is a priori scientific philosophizing. In the last section, we will show how main commitments of both of these traditions are incompatible with a pragmatist philosophy that remains committed to the original impulse of pragmatism.
Peirce’s Pragmatism, Semiotics, and Physical Representation
Authors: Sánchez-Ovcharov Carmen , Suárez Mauricio
Published: May 2024

Charles Peirce is widely credited as the originator of semiotics, or the general theory of signs, and recognized as the founder of American pragmatism, albeit in that peculiar kind Peirce himself went on to distinguish as “pragmaticism.” The semiotic and pragmatist strands in Peirce’s thought come together in an appraisal of scientific diagrammatic representations. Peirce’s pragmatic maxim entails that the consequences of a sign inform our entire conception of the sign, while his most considered semiotic system entails that a complex sign partakes of iconic, indexical, and symbolic aspects. We illustrate Peirce’s insights by means of the celebrated Feynman Diagrams in Quantum Electrodynamics. We argue that Peirce’s late, post-1903, semiotics provides an adequate characterization of such “hypoicons,” and his pragmatic maxim explains how they can motivate and drive inquiry. We conclude that Peirce’s pragmatic approach to scientific diagrams remains a viable position that skillfully avoids dogmatic scientism and nihilistic skepticism alike.
Thomas Kuhn’s Late Incommensurability Thesis as a Wittgensteinian Pragmatism
Authors: Gori Pietro
Published: May 2024

This paper explores Thomas Kuhn’s mature conception of incommensurable theories as collective structured lexicons that are not mutually translatable. As will be argued, his view on this issue can profitably be approached in the light of the broad pragmatist attitude that one finds at the core of Wittgenstein’s late philosophy of language, which can also consistently be ascribed to Kuhn.
Les marais maritimes du littoral tunisien : diversité géomorphologique et caractéristiques de l’évolution récente dans un environnement méditerranéen à nuance aride
Authors: Oueslati Ameur
Published: May 2024

Les marais maritimes du littoral de la Tunisie offrent l’un des rares exemples de marais maritimes en milieu méditerranéen sous climat semi-aride à aride. Ils montrent une variété paysagère indéniable et sont le lieu d’une dynamique rapide. Des données géomorphologiques, archéologiques et floristiques indiquent qu’une telle dynamique s’est en bonne partie faite dans le cadre d’une migration de l’ensemble du système côtier en rapport avec la montée récente du niveau marin parfois accélérée par une subsidence active du sol côtier. Ces milieux sont largement restés à l’écart des aménagements de front de mer. Mais ils ne sont pas à l’abri de toute forme de perturbation et de dégradation. Certaines des interventions qui y ont été déjà entreprises révèlent des imprudences qui pourraient accentuer des risques en cours ou préparer à de nouveaux risques dans l’avenir.
What’s specific about bann ? Le lien entre « spécificité » et interprétation exclusive
Authors: Albers Ulrike
Published: May 2024

Dans les études consacrées aux langues créoles, la question de l'interprétation (non-)spécifique des groupes nominaux constitue un thème récurrent. Certaines théories (Bickerton 1981) avaient même soutenu que la distinction spécificité – non-spécificité serait un trait distinctif des langues créoles. Cette étude propose que ce qui semble être un trait de spécificité du morphème pluriel en réunionnais est de fait un phénomène lié à la typologie du nombre et la disponibilité d’une forme (SN nu) neutre quant au nombre. Il est démontré que le pluriel bann n’est pas limité aux SN spécifiques, que ce soit en termes de spécificité de portée, de spécificité épistémique, de caractère partitif / présupposé ou de noteworthiness au sens de Ionin (2006). Nous montrons que bann est un pluriel exclusif – i.e. que contrairement au pluriel du français ou de l’anglais, il n’inclut pas les entités atomiques dans sa dénotation – et que les contextes existentiels qui excluent bann+N sont les environnements où apparaissent typiquement les SN pluriels à lecture inclusive dans les langues comme l’anglais ou le français. Nous proposons que ces contextes requièrent la neutralité sémantique du nombre, ce qui explique l'adéquation d’une forme neutre ou inclusive – un SN nu en réunionnais, un pluriel en anglais – et l’inadéquation d’un pluriel exclusif.
Pragmatic Markers in Kwéyòl Donmnik, French, & English: Language Contact & Creole Emergence through the Lens of Powerful Little Words
Authors: Peltier Joy P. G.
Published: May 2024

Pragmatic markers (PMs) are multifunctional elements that allow language users to organize and coordinate discourse and to express their attitudes and cognitive states. This study compares the discourse-pragmatic functions and distributional features of four PMs in Kwéyòl Donmnik (konsa ‘so’, èben ‘well’, papa/Bondyé ‘papa/God’, la ‘there’) with those of their etyma in French, Kwéyòl’s lexifier ((ou) comme ça, (eh) ben, bon Dieu, là), and with their counterparts in English, the colonial source language with which it has been in contact for more than two centuries (so, well, oh my God, there). The properties of the Kwéyòl PMs are determined through a corpus analysis and are then compared to descriptions of the French and English PMs in previous studies. Each of the four Kwéyòl PM’s has functions in common with its French etymon and its English counterpart as well as its own unique functions. In addition, English so performs functions in the Kwéyòl data that are unique to Kwéyòl konsa ‘so’, suggesting that so is being integrated into Kwéyòl. This study expands the limited body of work on Kwéyòl and deepens our understanding of language contact and Creole emergence at the discourse-pragmatic level, particularly in cases involving a second, non-lexifier colonial source language.
La complexité morphologique des verbes du créole guadeloupéen
Authors: Villoing Florence , Tribout Delphine , Henri Fabiola , Deglas Maxime
Published: May 2024

Cet article se donne pour objectif d’étudier la morphologie des verbes du créole guadeloupéen et de montrer qu’elle est plus complexe que ce que l’on admet traditionnellement. A partir d’un lexique authentique de plus de 10 000 entrées, et dans le cadre de la morphologie lexématique, nous montrons que les verbes guadeloupéens présentent une morphologie riche et complexe, nous conduisant à postuler un espace thématique à deux thèmes. Ces deux thèmes sont nécessaires pour rendre compte de la morphologie constructionnelle : l’un d’eux permet de construire les dérivés par suffixation, tandis que l’autre sert à la formation des dérivés par préfixation, conversion et composition. Nous montrons également que ces thèmes servent à former la forme fléchie par défaut du verbe, ainsi que des formes en -an que nous avons observées, bien que le statut de ces formes ne soit pas encore définitivement établi.
Angelo Mangiarotti, Posizione dell’architettura (Position de l’architecture), 1952 : un film comme première sédimentation intellectuelle
Authors: Ambroset Yves
Published: May 2024

Entre 1952 et 1953, l’architecte italien Angelo Mangiarotti (1921-2012) réalise le film Posizione dell’architettura. Le présent travail vise à analyser ce document en le plaçant dans son contexte biographique et historique. Il se propose d’identifier les caractéristiques formelles de l’œuvre et son contenu, dans des années cruciales pour l’élaboration du langage architectural de l’architecte. Il s’agit également de déterminer ce qui fait de ce film une production théorique et de démontrer comment cette première sédimentation intellectuelle a marqué de manière déterminante toute la production de l’architecte.
L’évolution du cadre bâti en Turquie, entre risque sismique et rentabilité du secteur de la construction : négociations et controverses sociotechniques
Authors: Gourain Youenn
Published: May 2024

Cet article vise à étudier les reconfigurations du risque sismique dans l’espace urbain à Istanbul à partir des manières dont celui-ci est pris en charge par le secteur de la construction. Depuis les séismes de 1999 dans la région de Marmara, de nombreux dispositifs (lois, codes et normes) encadrant les matériaux de construction ont été développés en Turquie comme réponse au risque d’effondrement des bâtiments en cas de secousse sismique. En décrivant les assemblages successifs d’acteurs négociant la prise en charge du risque sismique par les outils de construction, nous examinons les évolutions conjointes entre les risques et l’urbain. Un premier temps de l’analyse est consacré à l’encadrement du secteur de la construction depuis 1999, conduisant à déplacer la responsabilité envers le risque sismique de l’État vers les acteurs de ce secteur : prestataires, audits sur la construction, producteurs de matériaux, ingénieurs en génie civil. Dans un second temps, l’article explique les choix qui conduisent les acteurs de la construction à favoriser la démolition et la reconstruction des bâtiments plutôt que leur réhabilitation. Ce processus engendre des risques économiques et financiers corrélés à la prise en charge du risque d’effondrement des bâtiments. Enfin les interactions entre les risques mettent en évidence des controverses sur le contournement des normes de la construction conduisant parfois à renforcer la vulnérabilité des individus. Nous concluons que l’aléa sismique se retrouve progressivement dilué dans une perception de risques plus complexe mettant en jeu une interdépendance de facteurs multiples renforçant la vulnérabilité du cadre bâti et sur les acteurs.
De la neige de toutes les couleurs !
Authors: Rémy Frédérique
Published: May 2024

Imaginez des voyageurs, qui, en marchant dans la neige, laissent derrière eux des traces de couleurs vives : vertes comme des épinards, bleues comme du méthylène, rouges comme du sang, jaunes, ocres…. Parfois, la neige laisse même des traces phosphorescentes. Ces phénomènes intriguent et effraient les témoins. Certaines de ces couleurs, par exemple le bleu, bien qu’attestées par de nombreux observateurs, ne seront jamais totalement expliquées. Les autres le seront au milieu du XIXe siècle, voire début du XXe pour la neige jaune ou ocre. Celle-ci observée en Arménie est très vite expliquée par le dépôt éolien de poussières de déserts proches. Mais les Alpes ou le Groenland sont très éloignés des déserts. Comment le vent peut-il transporter de la matière sur de si longues distances ? L’admettre fut difficile. A l’inverse, la neige rouge est mentionnée très tôt mais reste, durant plusieurs siècles, une curieuse énigme. Elle semble due à de petits globules : poussière d’étamines, frai, champignons, algues, œufs, infusoires… ? Autant de scénarios proposés pour en expliquer la cause. Ces petits globules ont un comportement des plus curieux. En culture, ils restent blancs ; dans la neige, ils deviennent rouges ; puis trempés dans l’eau, verts. Au microscope, ils ont des petites pattes et se déplacent, ils se reproduisent par division. Ils possèdent à la fois les caractéristiques des règnes végétal et animal. Pourtant ces deux règnes semblaient être à l’époque totalement distincts. Il faudra attendre 1866 pour que Ernst Haeckel forge le mot « protiste » pour désigner un troisième règne possédant certaines des caractéristiques des deux autres, troisième règne dont firent alors partie nos globules, ainsi que les champignons ou les algues.Pour finir, toute coloration réduit le pouvoir réfléchissant de la neige immaculée et absorbe davantage la chaleur du soleil. En particulier, la neige rouge, due à des algues qui vivent à quelques centimètres sous sa surface et se reproduisent juste au moment de sa fonte, a un effet de rétroaction positive sur le climat, en se propageant avec le réchauffement et en l’accentuant. À terme, la « coloration » de la neige pourrait avoir un impact critique sur le réchauffement climatique.
Trop petites pour vivre, trop vides pour survivre : fusionner les communes abandonnées dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Authors: Nacef Yannis
Published: May 2024

Les communes ont depuis 1789 connu d’importants bouleversements, sous l’effet de l’évolution de la société française. Face à l’exode rural débuté dans la seconde partie du XIXe siècle, de nombreuses petites unités communales ont connu un déclin démographique majeur. Certaines de ces municipalités, localisées à l’écart, ont perdu l’intégralité de leur population, établissant une rupture entre les deux composantes d’une commune que sont un territoire et une population. Cet article propose de s’intéresser au cas bien particulier des communes abandonnées du département des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Pour cela une entrée par les fusions de communes abandonnées est proposée afin de reconstituer les vagues de fusion d’unités communales devenues obsolètes. Au-delà de la fusion, l’article mettra en évidence les dynamiques et trajectoires post-fusion qui ont pu affecter ces anciennes communes, laissant apparaître des décalages entre les communes absorbées et absorbantes. Ces dernières peuvent aujourd’hui être confrontées à des formes de réappropriation de ces territoires longtemps délaissés, illustrant une réversibilité de l’abandon. Cela questionne alors la pertinence des fusions de communes et la manière dont les acteurs locaux composent avec ces situations.
Évaluation participative de la performance des mesures de conservation et de restauration du bassin versant de la rivière Mulet (Roche-à-Bateau, Haïti)
Authors: Mardy Zurcher , Waaub Jean-Philippe , Weissenberger Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Dans le contexte de gestion durable du bassin versant de la rivière Mulet, un ensemble de mesures de conservation et de restauration ont été identifiées par une approche participative soutenue par la littérature scientifique. Le système d’acteurs locaux impliqués dans ce processus a été défini avec l’aide des organisations locales partenaires travaillant dans le territoire. Dans le but d’évaluer les mesures selon leur performance globale et de les regrouper en des paniers de mesures robustes, la démarche d’aide multicritère à la décision en contexte multi-acteurs a été utilisée. Celle-ci permet de comparer, et de ranger les mesures identifiées en prenant en considération divers critères et indicateurs, et les valeurs et les préférences des différents acteurs engagés, afin de faciliter la négociation en vue de construire une solution consensuelle et partagée, constituée de paniers de mesures. Par l’application de cette démarche, débouchant sur un bon niveau d’accord entre les acteurs du bassin versant, plusieurs mesures appartenant aux catégories agronomiques, végétales, mécaniques, socioculturelles et sociopolitiques ont été retenues, et structurées en des paniers d’interventions selon les niveaux de dégradation du bassin versant. La mise en œuvre de ces mesures vise à rendre le bassin versant mieux adapté aux impacts des changements et de la variabilité climatiques, tout en améliorant les conditions de vie des communautés locales.
Exploring Communication Practices of Influencers on Commerce-Focused Social Media
Authors: McDermott Victoria , May Amy , Truban Olivia
Published: May 2024

Social commerce sites continue to rise in popularity due in large part to their ability to integrate content creation and selling. Platforms like Whatnot provide new avenues for public relations scholarship to explore the communication strategies and techniques used by influencers to engage with users to cultivate community during product promotions. Through the qualitative analysis of 10 livestream auctions across five categories, this study adds to the literature the concept of the strategic communication performance of selling, e.g., the ways in which influencers engage in strategic communication to put on a performance of selling products. Counter to the traditional digital culture recommendations that tout authenticity, this study presents the idea of explicit performance of selling that occurs among influencers which seeks to leverage social capital through transparency/vulnerability, the use of established norms, and the increase of engagement through the dispersion of power among users.