bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan Following Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Dietert Rodney R. , Dietert Janice M.
Published: December 2021

Adverse childhood experiences are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines: 1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and 2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host-microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course.
Birth by Caesarean Section and Offspring Overweight and Obesity in Adult Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chiavarini Manuela , De Socio Benedetta , Giacchetta Irene , Fabiani Roberto
Published: December 2021

Overweight/obesity is one of the most important health problem worldwide. Birth by cesarean section has been shown to influence long-term health outcome including obesity. The aim of this systematic review-meta-analysis is to examine whether cesarean section increases the risk of offspring’ s overweight/obesity. The study follows the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A systematic literature search was con-ducted on Scopus, PubMed, and WoS until December 2020. For inclusion, studies must have re-ported either (I) both Birth by cesarean section and adult (≥ 18 years) offspring BMI, (II) cohort or case–control study design and (III) a risk estimate. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test and Begg’s test. Me-ta-analysis was performed through a random effect model. Eleven studies with a combined population of 180.408 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis (n = 18) yielded a combined risk estimate for overweight/obesity of 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.31) and the test of heterogeneity resulted Q=53,37 (I2 = 70,37 %, P≤0•0001). The risk of offspring obesity is 1.23 (95% CI 1.09-1.39) and the test of heterogeneity resulted Q=39.50 (I2= 72,15%, P≤0•0001). Children born by cesarean section have an increased risk of developing obesity in adulthood
Status and Perspectives of Commercial Aircraft Morphing
Authors: Giuliani Michelangelo , Dimino Ignazio , Ameduri Salvatore , Pecora Rosario , Concilio Antonio
Published: December 2021

In a previous paper, the authors dealt with the current showstoppers for morphing systems and with the reasons that have inhibited their commercial applicability. In this work, the authors ex-press a critical vision of the current status of the proposed architectures and the needs that should be accomplished to make them viable for installation onboard of commercial aircraft. The distinc-tion is essential because military and civil issues and necessities are very different, and both the solutions and difficulties to be overcome are widely diverse. Yet, still remaining in the civil seg-ment, there can be other differences, depending on the size of the aircraft, from large jets to com-muters or general aviation, in turn classifiable in tourism, acrobatic, ultralight and so on, each with their own peculiarities. Therefore, the paper wants to try to trace a common technology de-nominator, if possible, and envisage a future perspective of actual applications.
Agent-Based Modelling of Urban District Energy System Decarbonisation – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Akhatova Ardak , Kranzl Lukas , Schipfer Fabian , Heendeniya Charitha Buddhika
Published: December 2021

There is an increased interest in the district-scale energy transition within interdisciplinary research community. Agent-based modelling presents a suitable approach to address variety of questions related to policies, technologies, processes, and the different stakeholder roles that can foster such transition. This state-of-the-art review focuses on the application of agent-based modelling for exploring policy interventions that facilitate the decarbonisation (i.e., energy transition) of districts and neighbourhoods while considering stakeholders’ social characteristics and interactions. We systematically select and analyse peer-reviewed literature and discuss the key modelling aspects, such as model purpose, agents and decision-making logic, spatial and temporal aspects, and empirical grounding. The analysis reveals that the most established agent-based models’ focus on innovation diffusion (e.g., adoption of solar panels) and dissemination of energy-saving behaviour among a group of buildings in urban areas. We see a considerable gap in exploring the decisions and interactions of agents other than residential households, such as commercial and even industrial energy consumers (and prosumers). Moreover, measures such as building retrofits and conversion to district energy systems involve many stakeholders and complex interactions between them that up to now have hardly been represented in the agent-based modelling environment.
Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles
Authors: Joseph Joice Maria , Gigliobianco Maria Rosa , Firouzabadi Bita Mahdavi , Censi Roberta , Di Martino Piera
Published: December 2021

Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them studied over the last decade. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters and Digestive Enzymes in Juveniles of Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)
Authors: Leite Anny Cristina V. , Pantoja-Lima Jackson , Paulino Renan R. , Bussons Márcia Regina Fragoso M. , Gimbo Rodrigo Y. , Duncan Wallice Luiz P. , Aride Paulo Henrique R. , Faggio Caterina , Oliveira Adriano T. , Mattos Bruno O.
Published: December 2021

A 52-day experiment was conducted to determine the crude protein (CP) requirements of juvenile matrinxã Brycon amazonicus, and to evaluate their resulting growth performance, hematological parameters and enzymatic activities. Sixty fish (29.03g ± 1.16g) were distributed in 12 tanks (310 L) with a completely randomized design, and maintained at four dietary crude protein levels (270, 320, 350, 390 g.kg-1) for 52 days. The results revealed that the fish fed diet 390 g.kg-1 CP had the best final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and lipid retention rate. The same could be stated for hematocrit, number of circulating erythrocytes, triglycerides and total proteins of the hematological profile (p<0.05). In the whole body composition, dry matter content was lower in the fish fed 390 g.kg-1 CP, while lipid content was higher in the fish fed 350-390 g.kg-1 CP (p<0.05). No differences were observed in CP and ash (p>0.05), or in the activities of digestive enzymes (p>0.05). In short, our findings suggest benefits of the 390 g.kg-1 CP feed for being the most adequate for this species’ juvenile stage.
Mind Your Outcomes: Quality-Centric Systems Development
Authors: HAERI Seyed Hossein , Thompson Peter , Davies Neil , Van Roy Peter , Hammond Kevin , Chapman James
Published: December 2021

This paper directly addresses a critical issue that affects the development of many complex distributed software systems: how to establish quickly, cheaply and reliably whether they will deliver their intended performance before expending significant time, effort and money on detailed design and implementation. We describe ΔQSD, a novel metrics-based and quality-centric paradigm that uses formalised outcome diagrams to explore the performance consequences of design decisions, as a performance blueprint of the system. The ΔQSD paradigm is both effective and generic: it allows values from various sources to be combined in a rigorous way, so that approximate results can be obtained quickly and subsequently refined. ΔQSD has been successfully used by Predictable Network Solutions for consultancy on large-scale applications in a number of industries, including telecommunications, avionics, and space and defence, resulting in cumulative savings of $Bs. The paper outlines the ΔQSD paradigm, describes its formal underpinnings, and illustrates its use via a topical real-world example taken from the blockchain/cryptocurrency domain, where application of this approach enabled an advanced distributed proof-of-stake system to meet challenging throughput targets.
Effect of 5-Azacitine Treatment on Redox Status and Inflammatory Condition in MDS Patients
Authors: Montes Paola , Guerra-Librero Ana , García Paloma , Cornejo-Calvo Mª Elena , López Mª del Señor , Haro Tomás de , Martínez-Ruiz Laura , Escames Germaine , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío
Published: December 2021

This study focused on the impact of the treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-Azacitidine on the redox status and inflammation in 24 MDS patients. Clinical and genetic features of MDS patients were recorded and peripheral blood samples were used to determine the activity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase, CAT, glutathion peroxidase, GPx, and reductase, GRd, activities), markers of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO, and advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP). Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma nitrite plus nitrate levels as markers of inflammation, and CoQ10 plasma levels, were also measured. Globally, MDS patients showed less redox status in terms of a reduction in the GSSG/GSH ratio and in the LPO levels, and increased CAT activity compared with healthy subjects, with not changes in SOD, GPx and GRd activities, and AOPP levels. When analyzed the evolution from early- to advanced stages of the disease, the GPx activity, GSSG/GSH ratio, LPO and AOPP increased, with a reduction in CAT. GPx changes were related with the presence of risk factors such as high-risk IPSS-R or mutational score. Besides, there was an increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α plasma levels, with further increase of IL-2 and IL-10 from early to advanced stage of the disease. However, we did not observe any association between inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, 5-azacitidine treatment generates oxidative stress in MDS patients, without affecting inflammation levels, suggesting that oxidative status and inflammation are two independent processes.
On the Quantification of Relativistic Trajectories
Authors: Laedermann Jean-Pascal
Published: December 2021

The geodesics on a relativistic manifold are given by the well-known equation involving the Christoffel coefficients. This equation can be solved numerically step by step and transposed into a quantization. We study here the effect of this quantization on the Schwarzschild spacetime, more precisely in the Kruskal-Szekeres map.
Corrections and Additions to Descriptions of Some Species of the Subgenus Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Rossaro Bruno , Marziali Laura , Magoga Giulia , Montagna Matteo , Boggero Angela
Published: December 2021

The larvae of some species of the subgenus Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera, Chironomidae) are here described for the first time with corrections and additions to the descriptions of adult males and pupal exuviae. The identification of larvae is generally not possible without association with their pupal exuviae and/or adult males, so the descriptions here are based only on reared material or on pupae with the associated larval exuviae. Usually, Chironomidae larvae can be separated on the basis of morphometric characters, and the most discriminant characters ones are: 1- the ratio between the width of median tooth of mentum (Dm) and the width of the first lateral tooth (Dl) = mental ratio (DmDl), 2- the ratio between the length of the first antennal segment (A1) and the combined length of segments 2-5 (A(2-5)2-5) = antennal ratio (AR). The shape of mandible, maxilla, and other body parts are almost identical in all the species considered in this study. The larva of Orthocladius (Symposiocladius) lignicola is very characteristic and can be separated by the shape of mentum and the larvae of all the known species of Symposiocladius are characterized by the presence of large Lauterborn organs on antennae and of tufts of setae on abdominal segments. The larvae of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) oblidens and Orthocladius (Orthocladius) rhyacobius can be distinguished from other species basing on their large Dm and to each other by AR. A principal component analysis was carried out using 5 characters: 1- Dm, 2- Dl, 3- length of A1, 4- width of A1 (A1W), 5- combined length of segments 2-5 (A2-5). The most discriminant characters were Dm and A1, confirming that DmDl and AR can be used to separate species at larval stage, but the large superposition of morphometric characters in different species confirms that association with pupal exuviae is in any case needed to identify larvae. In future perspective, the development of reference DNA barcodes from specimens identified by specialists is recommended since possibly the best tool for larvae identification, but association of barcodes with morphotypes is in any case fundamental.
Pneumonic Plague: Incidence, Transmissibility and Future Risks
Authors: Evans Charles
Published: December 2021

Pneumonic plague outbreaks are relatively infrequent in modern times but in the early part of the 20th century, they were commonplace including several well-documented epidemics responsible for the deaths of thousands. The transmissibility of this disease seems to be discontinuous since in some outbreaks few transmissions occur, while in others, the progression of the epidemic is explosive. Modern epidemiological studies explain that transmissibility within populations is heterogenous with relatively few subjects likely to be responsible for most transmissions and that ‘super spreading events’, particularly at the start of an outbreak, can lead to a rapid expansion of cases. These findings concur with outbreaks observed in real-world situations. It is often reported that pneumonic plague is rare and not easily transmitted but this view could lead to unnecessary complacency since future risks such as the spontaneous incidence of anti-microbial strains, climate change leading to a disruption of natural cycles within plague foci and use of plague as a bioweapon cannot be discounted. Carers and first responders are vulnerable, particularly in poorer countries where access to medicines may be limited, out-breaks occur in inaccessible areas or where there is a lack of surveillance due to a paucity of funds.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Cell Cycle Genes in Betula pendula
Authors: Li Yijie , Chen Song , Liu Yuhang , Huang Haijiao
Published: December 2021

Research Highlights: This study identified the cell cycle genes in birch that likely play important roles during plant growth and development. This provides a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of various cell cycles in Betula pendula. Background and Objectives: The cell cycle factors not only influence cell cycle progression together, but also regulate accretion, division and differentiation of cells, and then regulate growth and development of plant. In this study, we identified the putative cell cycle genes in B. pendula genome, based on the annotated cell cycle genes in A. thaliana. It could serve as a foundation for further functional studies. Materials and Methods: The transcript abundance was determined for all the cell cycle genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues using RNA-seq technology. Results: We identified 59cell cycle gene models in the genome of B. pendula, 17 highly expression genes among them. These genes were BpCDKA.1, BpCDKB1.1, BpCDKB2.1, BpCKS1.2, BpCYCB1.1, BpCYCB1.2, BpCYCB2.1, BpCYCD3.1, BpCYCD3.5, BpDEL1, BpDpa2, BpE2Fa, BpE2Fb, BpKRP1, BpKRP2, BpRb1 and BpWEE1. Conclusions: We identified 17 core cell cycle genes in the genome of birch by combining phylogenetic analysis and tissue specific expression data.
Deep Learning Applied to Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection
Authors: Cortes-Ferre Luis , Gutiérrez-Naranjo Miguel Angel , Egea-Guerrero Juan José , Balcerzyk Marcin
Published: December 2021

Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious health problem requiring rapid and often intensive medical care. Identifying the location and type of any hemorrhage present is a critical step in treating the patient. Diagnosis requires an urgent procedure and the detection of the hemorrhage is a hard and time-consuming process for human experts. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on Deep Learning techniques which can be useful as decision support system. Our proposal is two-folded. On the one hand, the proposed technique classifies slices of computed tomography scans for hemorrhage existence or not, achieving 92.7% accuracy and 0.978 ROC-AUC. On the other hand, our method provides visual explanation to the chosen classification by using the so-called Grad-CAM method.
Quality metrics of generative models
Authors: Abrosimov Kirill Igorevich , Lvutina Tatiana Vladimirovna , Surkova Anna Sergeyevna
Published: December 2021

Within the framework of this article, modern metrics for evaluating generative models are considered. Particular attention is paid to metrics that are used in the field of natural language processing - BLUE (evaluates quality based on a comparison of the result obtained by a model and a person), NIST (based on the BLUE metric), METEOR (based on the harmonic mean of unigrams of accuracy and completeness), ROUGE (. The article presents a new metric, which is based on subjective assessments. The subjective estimates used in the considered metric are collected using pairwise comparison in the form of evaluation scales. The article also proposes an algorithm for generating music based on automatic models of working with ABC notation, models of distributive semantics and generative models of deep neural networks - Transformers. The new quality metric (SS-metric) presented in the article is used to assess the quality of the proposed algorithm for generating music in comparison with the solutions offered by humans and baseline models. Music generation based on the baseline model builds a continuation of a musical fragment by randomly selecting bars from the first half of the musical fragment. During the experiments, it was found out that the SS-metric allows you to formalize and generalize subjective assessments, this can be used to assess the quality of various objects.
Interaction analysis of two streamwise supersonic vortices by visualization methods
Authors: Borisov Vitaly Evgenyevich , Davydov Alexandr Alexandrovich , Kostantinovskaya Tatiana Vitalievna , Lutsky Alexander Evgenievich
Published: December 2021

In this paper we present an analysis and comparison of two streamwise supersonic vortices interaction with using the methods of maximum vorticity and the ?2-criterion. Mach number of incoming flow was M? = 3. A pair of vortices was generated by two coaxial straight wings with sharp leading, tip and trailing edges. Two configurations are considered: a pair of counter-rotating vortices and a pair of co-rotating vortices. In the case of counterrotating vortices the wings attack angle was 10 degrees. In the case of co-rotating vortices the attack angle of one of the wings was 10 degrees, the attack angle of other one was -10 degrees. Numerical data were obtained in the domain of 10 wing chords downstream from a wings axis by a computational model based on the URANS equations with SA turbulence model. Numerical simulations were performed on the hybrid supercomputing system K-60 at the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS using the developed software package ARES for 3D turbulent flows modeling on high performance computing systems. The main simulation was performed on 224 cores. The simulations were carried out on unstructured grids with hexagonal cells.
Constructive geometric models and their application in design and engineering activities
Authors: Boykov Aleksey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

The features of design and engineering activities are analyzed. It is noted that the main part of the design and engineering activity belongs to the development of the geometric component of electronic product model. It is concluded that the development of algorithms, methods and software to simplify the creation or improve the quality of geometric data is relevant. The terms introduced by the State Standard are analyzed and it is shown that at different stages of design and engineering activities, the geometric component of electronic product model includes a plurality of geometric and graphic models. At the same time, from the point of view of constructive geometric modeling, closely associated with design and engineering activities, there is no fundamental difference between flat and three-dimensional geometric models, and they should be considered uniformly. The concept of a constructive geometric model, combining electronic geometric models and electronic drawings, is introduced. A constructive geometric model can simultaneously contain flat, threedimensional and multidimensional geometric data, which can be displayed using different computer graphics tools. Text and visual forms are offered to represent constructive geometric models. The features and areas of applying a visual and text presentation of constructive geometric models are given. The article considers the use of constructive geometric models to automate the creation of electronic geometric models, as well as verification of electronic drawings and models.
Geometric modeling of emotions of virtual characters
Authors: Karabchevsky Vitaly Vladislavovich , Mazurov Andrey Sergeevich
Published: December 2021

Methods and tools for modeling emotions of virtual computer characters are considered. Particular attention is paid to 3D modeling of the cranial vault, mandible and teeth, as well as facial muscles and tongue. Modeling was performed using the ZBrush program using information about the anatomical structure of the skull and facial muscles, such as the occipital and temporal muscles, the arrogant muscle, the depressor, the masseter muscle, the small zygomatic muscle, the zygomaticus major muscle and the muscle lifting the angle of the mouth, the muscle lowering the angle of the mouth, the muscle that lifts the upper lip and the wing of the nose, the chin muscle and the muscle that lowers the lower lip. The resulting high-poly model was then retopologized with a decrease in the number of polygons. An example of modeling the character's head is given. Animation is made in Autodesk Maya, which is adopted by many large film and animation studios and is used more often among professional 3D artists. The principles of rigging (adding a digital skeleton and its controls to the model) and skinning (attaching the vertices of the surface that simulate the skin to the corresponding areas of the digital skeleton) are described. The anatomical signs of the manifestation of basic emotions are given and the control of the obtained model for the manifestation of some emotions is described.
Applied CAD Systems and Applications Based on the C3D Geometric Modeling Kernel, Used For the Design of Products with Functional Curves
Authors: Muftejev Valerian Gaynizamanovich , Maksimenko Artyom Eduardovich , Akhmetshin Rustam Ilyasovich , Zelev Alexander Pavlovich , Ziatdinov Rushan Anurovich , Ziganshina Fayruza Takhvalovna , Nabiev Rifkat Ilshatovich , Farkhutdinov Ildar Mavliarovich , Fattakhov Mukharyam Minniyarovich
Published: December 2021

The following article illustrates the methods of geometric modelling of functional curves; the quality of which determines the design characteristics of an industrial product. The problem with the low quality of existing methods in geometric modelling of functional curves is identified. To solve this problem, the article proposes the use of the features of the C3D FairCurveModeler geometric modelling kernel developed for high-quality curve modelling, according to smoothness criteria (class F curves). The features of the C3D FairCurveModeler geometric modelling kernel are based on engineering and computational geometry, as well as the NURBS theory. The C3D FairCurveModeler has a great potential for industrial modelling applications, as it can improve a product's characteristics by refining its shape quality. The C3D FairCurveModeler release applications for CAD and Microsoft Excel platforms; the WebFairCurveModeler cloud product developed based on libraries of the C3D geometric modelling kernel are offered to accelerate the implementation of the C3D FairCurveModeler features in the engineering practice. Specialized CAD applications, as well as applications based on the C3D FairCurveModeler, are presented for modelling of a plough working surface, an aerodynamic profile, gas turbine engine, steam turbine blade profiles, flat cam profile, a road and aesthetic curves.
Pemanfaatan Video Edukasi Dalam Perbaikan Pengetahuan Gizi Pada Remaja
Authors: Nugroho Fajar Ari , Kusumastuty Inggita , Prihandini Zunita Puri , Cempaka Anggun Rindang , Ariestiningsih Ayuningtyas Dian , Handayani Dian
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Kurangnya pengetahuan menyebabkan perilaku makan yang tidak sehat pada remaja. Pemberian edukasi melalui media video terbukti dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan secara signifikan. Penenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan gizi sebelum dan setelah diberikan edukasi melalui video.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental pada 155 siswa SMP sederajat di Kota Malang. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui zoom meeting dengan pemberian edukasi gizi melalui media video dengan durasi 13 menit 5 detik. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan melalui 10 pertanyaan pilihan ganda yang disusun dalam google form. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah video edukasi diberikan. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah pengetahuan dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji statitik Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.

Hasil dan pembahasan:Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 155 siswa SMP sederajat dikota malang dimana mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berada di kelas 8 (delapan). Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan sebelum edukasi adalah 39.35±13.6. Setelah edukasi diberikan melalui media video terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dengan rata-rata sebesar 65.68±21.8. hasil Uji statistik menunjukkan p 0.000 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan gizi pada remaja secara signifikan setelah diberikan edukasi melalui video.

Kesimpulan:Video edukasi gizi efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi pada remaja di Kota Malang.
Quantitative Evaluation of Multi-Annular Downhole Corrosion Using Time-Domain Electromagnetic Measurements
Authors: Dutta Sushant M. , Iqbal Pervaiz , Olaiya Joseph , Danilenko Vladislav
Published: December 2021

A novel electromagnetic instrument is presented that uses transient or pulsed eddy current measurements to perform quantitative evaluation of downhole corrosion in four concentric tubulars individually, and to inspect a fifth tubular qualitatively. Case studies are presented that compare results from this instrument with industry-standard single-string evaluation tools such as multi-finger calipers and high-resolution magnetic flux leakage tools.

The new instrument is based on transient or pulse eddy current technology and comprises three highly sensitive sensors that simultaneously achieve high-resolution of the inner barrier and high radial depth of investigation for up to five barriers. Each sensor induces coaxial rings of eddy currents in multiple concentric tubulars and measures a time-varying response from the outward-diffusing eddy currents. The full transient responses from multiple sensors are then interpreted to obtain individual tubular thickness profiles.

Case studies are presented where the thickness profiles of outer barriers are obtained with the new instrument and are compared with high-resolution benchmark logs of multi-finger calipers and magnetic flux leakage tool. The benchmark logs were measured when the outer barrier was directly accessible because, either the inner barriers were not yet present, or the inner barriers were removed. These comparisons show that the new electromagnetic instrument is able to provide accurate individual tubular corrosion evaluation while logging through tubing. This ability is invaluable for proactive well integrity management because electrochemical corrosion, which is the primary corrosion mechanism in these wells, causes the outermost casing to fail first and then continues to penetrate inwards. Therefore, the new electromagnetic instrument enables early diagnosis of the outer tubulars to identify potential weak zones in the completion string while logging through tubing and eliminating the cost of pulling completions for this purpose.

This paper describes the advantages and limitations of state-of-the-art multi-sensor pulsed eddy current measurements for individual barrier thicknesses of four or five strings. New case studies with high-resolution magnetic flux leakage tools and multi-finger calipers support these conclusions.
Cement Evaluation in Highly Laminated and Multi-Stacked Sandstone Reservoirs: The World First Novel Approach Using Dual-Physics Cement Bond Assessment
Authors: Zulkipli Siti Najmi Farhan binti , Das Saikat , Smith Emma
Published: December 2021

Advances in cement recipe, additives and cementing technology including light weight cement, ultra-low fluid loss cement blend and improved cement to mud rheology mixing to seal the continuous liquid channels have prompted the industry to find an innovative way to evaluate the cement bond and integrity with a more robust and integrated approach. Evaluating cement bond behind casing based on single tool platform had shown some inherent uncertainties mainly due to borehole effects, tool eccentralization and processing variation. This paper will highlight few case studies on the application of both electromagnetic acoustic wave (EMAT) and ultrasonic cement evaluation logs including the world's first tool combination in single run to enhance understanding on cement integrity and optimize the perforation interval for production.

Channeling and microannulus occurrences whether dry or wet are the most common features in cement integrity evaluation and yet poorly characterized to prevent any unwanted cross-flow or adverse impact to production. Electromagnetic acoustic wave cement evaluation in combination with an ultrasonic tool allow direct quantification of compressional, shear and flexural attenuation properties of cement downhole as well as acoustic impedance and microdebonding feature of the cement. Separation between average shear and flexural attenuation curves may indicate presence of microannulus depending on the extent of the separation without any requirement of additional pressurized logging pass. Parameter threshold determination based on shear and flexural attenuation cross-plot also indicates severity of cement microdebonding.

Results showed that good production rate with lower water cut and low GOR reading had been achieved from specific perforated zones in the well. Electromagnetic acoustic wave and ultrasonic cement evaluation tools had successfully defined the zonal isolation layers as thin as 2 to 3 meters along the wellbore and optimized the perforated zones to avoid any liquid channeling or premature water and gas breakthrough into the wells, which can affect the production attainability and drainage efficiency from particular reservoirs.

In a nutshell, combination of EMAT acoustic wave and ultrasonic cement evaluation principles prove to provide a more comprehensive overview on the cement bond integrity behind the casing. Having two independent downhole measurement which complement each other will reinvent the effort in cement bond assessment for complex reservoir environment which is susceptible to interpretation ambiguity.
Enterprise-Driven, Asset-Focused Digital Oilfield DOF Assessment - Strategic Framework and Roadmap
Authors: Ibrahim ElFadl Z. , Al Hendi Mariam A. , Al-Qamzi Abdulla , Ballaith Nasser A. , Al Hosani Dr Esra Y. , Al Wehaibi Sara A. A. M. , Al Hammadi Omar I , Muhamed Salim Muzahidin , Traboulay Ian , Shams Ghulam , Ahmed Ahmed Fadl M. , Ahmed S Junied , Dewan Rashi , Yersaiyn Saltanat
Published: December 2021

A new integrated growth strategy of an oil & gas company is focusing on maximizing the value of reserves and production in order to meet the value proposition of the highest possible return to the company. The strategy is built on the strategic foundation of the company of People, Performance, Profitability and Efficiency. From a business performance perspective, the strategy will bear fruit through increased production capacity, improved operational and cost efficiencies, re-energizing mature fields and uncovering new resources whilst maintaining safety and asset integrity.

The objective of this global level exercise aims to assess and evaluate various Digital Oilfield (DOF) practices and initiatives against industry best practices, to perform a landscape assessment of the upstream assets, to review the asset digital gap, to develop a strategic framework and roadmap ensuring that the company strategic pillars are supported across all relevant aspects, by closing the digital gap between current and future states. The assessment scope covers the following domains:

Reservoir management Production optimisation Operation management & integrity Engineering & projects Drilling Efficiency Logistics & Planning

The landscape assessment and gap analysis consist of several stages that starts from documenting the information received from the assets capturing their current business practices and processes, analyzing the "as-is" condition, designing the future state, assessing the impact to the specific assets, define the benefits and value and creating a 5-year business roadmap.

Aligned with the company DOF strategy, understanding the asset digital gap and enhancing the asset digital maturity will improve:

HSE and asset integrity by reducing hazard exposure, optimizing energy usage and improving wells and facilities integrity Collaboration and faster analysis leading to timely decision making Integrated operations by optimized drilling planning, operations, optimized production forecasting and integrated planning Optimum Reservoir Management through enhanced reservoir surveillance and recovery
A Multi-Process Reservoir Modelling Workflow as the Key for Unlocking Reservoir Prediction in Carbonates. Application to a Sector Model from the Albion R&D Project
Authors: Massonnat Gérard Joseph , Danquigny Charles , Leonforte Emmanuelle , Dal Soglio Lucie , Barbier Mickael , Lesueur Jean-Louis
Published: December 2021

In carbonate reservoirs, because of the diversity of geological processes involved in the reservoir construction, the extrapolation of properties directly from well data to reservoir model gridblocks may lead to poorly predictive reservoir properties and then production forecasts.

This paper proposes a modelling workflow in which new tools from disruptive technologies are associated in order to produce reservoir models consistently with reservoir geological construction. The workflow combines the simulation of the depositional facies and their transformation after diagenesis overprint. Original depositional facies are carried out from SED-RES™, a stratigraphic forward modelling software that generates and transports carbonate sediments according to ecological conditions and wind-induced currents. Then GODIAG™, a lattice gas, reproduces the evolution of the properties of the sediment after it has been deposited. The diagenesis history can be multi-stage and can involve different kinds of physical and chemical reactions.

This new workflow has been evaluated in the framework of the ALBION R&D Project dedicated to the study of the Barremian-Aptian rudist-rich carbonate platform from south France that is known as an analogue of the Kharaib and Shuaiba reservoirs (UAE). Thanks to its multi-scale and multi-site aspect, ALBION offers the opportunity to test new modelling tools. The efficiency of the new workflow has been successfully applied on a sector model from an ALBION site on which a rich geological and petrophysical dataset is available from outcrops and numerous wells,
Development of a Micro-Habitat Hyperbaric Welding System
Authors: Toups Earl Lee , Morrison Russell James , Harper Russell John
Published: December 2021

The maturation of North Sea platform jackets coupled with high fatigue stresses, fabrication defects, extensive usage, and low-redundancy design eventually result in fatigue cracking. The high sea states in the North Sea further exacerbate the problem. If not closely monitored, fatigue cracks can propagate into and around the circumference of a brace relatively quickly—ultimately leading to brace severance. When confronted with a loss of structural integrity, operators have two options: conduct expensive subsea repairs or decommission the asset.

Realising a market gap, DCN Diving has explored alternate repair strategies, leading to the development of the DCN-patent pending µ-Habitat welding system. The µ-Habitat makes it possible to respond quicker, execute subsea repairs faster and guarantee quality at a fraction of the cost of bespoke or modular habitats.

Through size reduction, it is possible to reduce the fabrication, production, and handling costs of µ-Habitat. Furthermore, the smaller footprint reduces installation time while simplifying sealing and de-watering offshore, saving time and money.

Using a combination of product development facilitators and process improvement methodologies, such as AGILE, SCRUM, and design thinking, reduces the preparation time, making the system incredibly responsive yet flexible. Additionally, using an experienced and dedicated project team in combination with standardised products further minimises the response time to execute a repair.

A dry environment, pre-heating, in-process cleaning/grinding, and unrestricted access are fundamental to ensuring high-quality welds. In addition, prototyping, extensive function testing, and mock-ups validate the habitat design before commissioning via factory acceptance testing and mobilisation to guarantee the failsafe performance of the µ-Habitat offshore.

The µ-Habitat can play a crucial role in the overall life extension strategy for any offshore structure, ultimately minimising cost, risk and production downtime associated with future subsea repairs.
Geomechanical Modeling Based on the First Success of Micro-Frac Tests in the Nahr Umr Formation in Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Tsusaka Kimikazu , Fuji Tatsuya , Shaver Michael Alexander , Yudhia Denya Pratama , Toma Motohiro , Al Ali Salim Abdalla , Toki Takahiro , Couzigou Erwan , Matsubuchi Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

In the studied oil field in Offshore Abu Dhabi, the intermediate hole section has suffered from borehole instability and lost circulation in the higher inclination holes. Borehole instability occurs in the Nahr Umr formation. Lost circulation occurs in the Salabikh formation. This study aims to develop geomechanical model and to analyze mud weight (MW) for successful drilling through the two problematic formations in the studied oil field. In the Salabikh formation, spatial distribution of lost circulation pressure in hundreds of wells in the whole field was analyzed. The fracture closure pressure was also evaluated based on the extended leak-off test and fracture interpretation by image logging. In the Nahr Umr formation, Micro-Frac tests in a 6" hole were implemented to evaluate the minimum in-situ stress. This was the first direct measurement of the in-situ stress in the shale. The magnitude of SHMAX was back-analyzed based on the hole geometry using interpretation of six-arm caliper and analytical solution in the two key locations. This study clarified that severe lost circulation in the crest area was likely to occur due to reactivation of the pre-existing fractures in the Salabikh formation. The lost circulation pressure was found to be approximately 1.4 SG. The study also revealed that the in-situ stress regime in the Nahr Umr formation varied from the crest to flank areas. The crest and flank areas are reverse and nearly normal faulting stress regimes, respectively. Its transition area is strike-slip faulting stress regime. The regional difference in in-situ stress regime depends on the extent of mechanical anisotropy of the shale and the magnitude of tectonic strains. By integrating the results, with respect to the borehole stability analysis in the Nahr Umr formation, instead of a conventional lower hemisphere representation of the required MW based on failure width at borehole wall, the study analyzed the geometry of the failure area around the borehole wall under the allowable range of MW constrained by the lost circulation pressure in the Salabikh formation. As a result, the borehole failure cannot be avoided in any hole inclination in the Nahr Umr formation under the allowable range of MW to prevent severe lost circulation in the Salabikh formation. Therefore, appropriate practice to transport cavings is one of the key elements for safe drilling in higher hole inclination across the intermediate hole section in the studied oil field.
Expansion of Data Analytics for Optimizing Steamflood In Mukhaizna Heavy Oil Field
Authors: Al Asimi Mohammed , Al Qasabi Nasar , Le Duc , Zhang Yuchen , Zhu Di , Al Balushi Khalid
Published: December 2021

After successful implementation of data analytics for steamflood optimization at the Mukhaizna heavy oil field in Oman late 2018, Occidental expanded the project to two additional areas with a total of 626 wells in 2019, followed by full field coverage of more than 3,200 wells in 2020.

In 2019, two separate low-fidelity proxy models were built to model the two pilot areas. The models were updated with more features to account for additional reservoir phenomena and a larger scope. On the proxy engine side, speed and robustness were improved, resulting in reduced CPU processing time and lower cost.

Because of advancements in software programing and the pilots’ encouraging production performance, full-field coverage was accelerated so the model could support the efforts in optimizing steam injection during the 2020 OPEC+ production cut, not only to comply with allotted quotas, but also to allocate the resources optimally, especially the costly steam.

Good improvements have been observed in overall steamflood performance, the models’ capabilities, and the optimization workflow. The steam/oil ratio has been reduced through the increase in oil production in both expanded study areas while keeping the total steam injection volume constant. Overall field steam utilization was improved both during the 2020 OPEC+ production cuts and during the production ramp-up stage afterward.

With the continuous improvement in supporting tools and scripts, most of the steam optimization process steps were automated, from preparing, checking, and formatting input data to analyzing, validating, and visualizing the model outputs. Another result of these improvements was the development of a user-friendly web application to manage the model workflow efficiently. This web app greatly improved the process of case submittals, including data preparation and QC, running models (history matching and forecasting), as well as visualization of the entire workflow.

In terms of optimization workflow, these improvements resulted in less time spent by the field optimization engineer in updating, refreshing, and generating new model recommendations. It also helped reduce the time spent by the reservoir management team (RMT) to test and validate the new ideas before field implementation.

This paper will describe the improvements in the proxy model and the overall optimization process, show the observed oil production increases, and discuss the challenges faced and the lessons learned.