bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training Environmental Managers to Control Invasive Plants: Acting to Close the Knowing–Doing Gap
Authors: Lavoie Claude , Brisson Jacques
Published: October 2015

Many conservation land managers working with invasive plants rely largely on their own experience and advice from fellow managers for controlling weeds, and rarely take into consideration the scientific literature, a concrete example of a knowing–doing gap. We argue that invasion scientists should directly teach managers best practices for control. In 2013, we created a training program on five invasive plant species, specifically tailored to Québec (Canada) environmental managers. The course material was science-based, and included details on methods and costs. Here, we explain how this idea emerged, how the program was constructed and which types of managers were targeted. With modest resources, we reached 163 managers in less than 18 mo, who collectively oversee invasive species management for 41% of the Québec population. We presented factual information for all control methods, giving the environmental managers the tools to critically and objectively assess various options. Participants especially appreciated the highly practical content of the training and that they could submit their own invasion case for discussion. This program represents significant progress in narrowing the knowing–doing gap associated with the control of invasive plants in Québec, and we encourage such initiatives elsewhere for all fields of invasion biology.
FUNCTIONAL PROFILE OF POPULATION SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN IN SALVADOR-BAHIA, BRAZIL: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Sá Katia Nunes , Dias Renato Santos , Souza Israel , Lessa Ines , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: October 2015

Objective: To describe the chronic lower back pain functional profile in a population-based sample. Methods: A total of 2,297 individuals aged around ≥ 20 years were selected from 34 regions of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. In order to characterize samples, sociodemographic data were collected. And, in order to describe functional profile, the body map and functional items were applied based on Oswestry questionnaire. Results: Between 28.6% and 68.8% of the population with CLBP presented disability, depending on the analyzed function. Chronic lower back pain was negatively associated with function in lifting objects (rarely, OR 2.39 IC 95%, 1.15-4.97) and remaining seated (OR 10.40 IC 95% 3.32- 32.46). In opposition to that, walking was associated to increased function (frequently, OR 0.47 IC 95% 0.30 – 0,72). Conclusions: Chronic lower back pain is frequently associated with disability. Lifting objects and remaining seated were the functional items that presented higher association with disability. Walking habits seem to be a protector from this disability in chronic lower back pain individuals.
ISOLATED LEFT VENTRICULAR NON COMPACTION IN A 45-YEAR OLD PATIENT: CLINICAL PRESENTATION, MULTIMODALITY IMAGING FINDINGS AND FOLLOW UP
Authors: Karam Carma , Binsse Stephen , Mansencal Nicolas , Lacombe Pascal , Dubourg Olivier
Published: October 2015

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PENINGKATAN KARAKTER SISWA MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR BAHASA INGGRIS INTERAKTIF BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA BANGSA
Authors: Marsuki Marsuki , Efendy Boby Ardiyanzah
Published: October 2015

The study aims at developing a nation character and culture values-based interactive English textbook and examining its effectivity for the elementary school students in Malang. The development and experiment designs are used and the subjects  consist of experts and target. The expert is an expert in instructional materials and multimedia, while the target is students of the sixth grade Elementary School Dinoyo IV Malang which totals 40 students. The true experiment design, pretest-posttest control group is used  by random sampling technique to obtain experiment and control groups, each of which consists of 20 students. The instruments are questionnaire, interview, and test. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the interactive English textbook fulfilled good criteria of textbook in either material coverage and selection or multimedia application. The positive responses of the students and teachers indicated good quality of textbook in improving students’ competences in English. Through statistical test, it was found t result (5.93)  was bigger than t table (1.310) in level of significance 0.01 and (1.697) in level of significance 0.05. It means that Ha which states “The students of class VIB Elementary School Dinoyo IV Malang who were taught using the nation character and culture values-based interactive English textbook, had better English competences than those of class VIA who were taught using manual English textbook” was accepted, while H0 was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that the  use of the textbook is very effective in improving the students English competences of Elementary School in Malang.
PENGARUH NILAI CERITA ANAK DAN KESUSASTERAAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN PENDIDIKAN HUMANIS BAGI ANAK INDONESIA
Authors: Rohmah Galuh Nur
Published: October 2015

Child stories and literary works have both recreative characteristics and humanity values such as personality moral, social moral and religious moral which can shape children’s ideal characteristics as a potential and strategic asset to help them to be civilized generation. The efforts to dig up the values from that two valuable sources are needed and the most possible way is through teaching the children how to appreciate child stories and literary works.
TRANSISI PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ASING DI ABAD 21; SEBUAH KECENDERUNGAN GLOBAL
Authors: Wahyuningsih Noverita
Published: October 2015

Up to the end of the twentieth century, Arabic and English have played an important role as the media for communication all over the world.  Both languages are significantly used in not only national but also global scopes. Millions of people in the world today use either passive or active Arabic and/or English in their daily lives. The question is,’ will the global community in the 21st century still put these international languages in a position as important as it is today?’  Trends in the use of languages in the world can be viewed from several different aspects, among which are the economic strength of a language and the demography of language  users. Although so far there has been no fixed agreement on the criteria of a language to be called as “the world language” yet, there is a tendency that by mid 21st  century there will be trends in the world’s language domination and hierarchy. The trends will also involve the global use of Arabic and English. The two languages are predicted to still have an essential position as the world’s major languages and therefore will be used globally.  The use of Arabic and English is strongly predicted to undergo a transition in a positive way. In addition to that, it is not impossible that by mid 21st century, there will be a tendency of bilingual education (using foreign languages in presenting non-linguistic school subjects) spreading in the world’s urban areas, including those areas in Indonesia.
SASTRA AL-QUR’AN DI TENGAH ALIRAN SASTRA INDONESIA
Authors: Syaifuddin Helmi
Published: October 2015

Throughout Indonesia’s  long history, the meaning of Indonesian art has been the subject of debate. Is just “art for arts sake”, or is there a more obscure socio-political message behind the more obvious depictions. In socio-political context it would seem that Indonesian art expresses socio-political themes, but in examples depicting surrealism, absurdity, existentialsm, prophetic art and post-modernist etc. Indonesia’s art is nor a modern phenomenon. Indonesia’s art seems to continually focus on the more superficial; ideas without attempting to make even minor changes to past cultural influence. In this context therefore the emergence of a new paradigm is not surprising, and the emergence of a Koranic influence in Indonesian art is becoming the latest paradigm in interpreting the reality and meaning of contemporary indonesian art.
PERSOALAN LIMITASI BUDAYA DAN SASTRA ISLAM
Authors: Kholil M.
Published: October 2015

The limitation of literature actually is still in discussion, on the other hand, it is fact that literature is the work produced by the cultural observer using language as his means. In addition to the limitation of literature, all of phenomena existing in certain society, certain period of time or certain situation are considered as literature. This point of view is not without any reasons, but it is based on the reality that literature is not independent, separated from it's society and culture which born and use it. It is clear that literature has position, role and function in society, and all of them always change from time to time and has differences among are society to another society.
BAHASA SEBAGAI ALAT KOMUNIKASI PUBLIK DAN PEMBANGUNAN WACANA
Authors: Rahardjo Mudjia
Published: October 2015

Language is the most important tool we have for effective human communication, and the efficacy of communication is therefore directly related to the quality of this oral communication medium. The effectiveness of communication depends on several factors, the most important of which are the contents of the communication, the parties involved in the communication and the setting in which the communication takes place.  Bad communication can lead to a complete breakdown in relationship and cause misunderstandings which quite often lead to conflicts between elements in the social structure. Effective communication has a very important role in creating an environment for reasoned debat, discussion and understanding in global society, and in this regard the current American approach to creating conducive to reasoned debate on the issue of global terrorisme is hypothesized to be in the less-than-effective category.
PERAN MAKNA DALAM PENERJEMAHAN
Authors: Rosyidi Abdul Wahab
Published: October 2015

Basically translating is not merely transferring meaning behind the words or sentences in a source language into a target language, but also considering many things to identify the real meaning such as, situational, linguistic, and cultural contexts.We should take into account some principles regarding the word meaning, that is, 1) meaning is changeable due to the time change, and the change is not an absolute requirement for any word; 2) a word in a language with different dialects may have different meanings, it is due to the meaning extension and reduction; 3) a word does not refer to  the thing it refers to, but it is only a symbol; and 4) a word often has more than one meaning. Therefore, meaning has an important role in a process of translation from a source language into the a target language. For that reason, a translator has to consider which component of meaning accuracy is in line with the meaning in the source language to be translated into the target language.
SASTRA CYBER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fitriani Laily
Published: October 2015

The digital era started when the internet technology spread to the developing countries including Indonesia. The flourish of cyber literature leads to the debate on the quality of the work of literature. Above all, the existence of literature sites (cyber literature) becomes an important alternative for writers and literary activist in Indonesia.
INTEGRATING INDEPENDENT LEARNING WITH THE CURRICULUM
Authors: Budianto Langgeng
Published: October 2015

Makalah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan konsep-konsep pembelajaran mandiri terpadu dengan kurikulum. Kriteria penerapan pembelajaran mandiri terpadu dengan kurikulum bisa dikelompokkan dalam enam wilayah  yang bersinggungan satu sama lain; pembuatan kebijakan, manajemen, pengembangan staf, training pembelajar, sumber belajar, dan desain kurikulum. Fasilitas yang efektif untuk perubahan kurikulum di dunia yang semakin mengglobal mensyaratkan para pembuat kebijakan kurikulum, pengembang dan pelaksana memiliki kompetensi yang lebih kompleks dan model referensi. Oleh karena itu, penerapan pembelajaran bahasa mandiri akan berhasil manakala dipadukan dengan kurikulum bahasa dan merupakan tambahan yang digarisbawahi dalam kerja kelas. Hal disebabkan oleh kenyataan bahwa pembelajar mandiri  diharuskan melakukannya dalam waktu lama dan latihan.
AL-HAQIQOH WAL MAJAZ ‘ENDA AL-WUSHULIIN WAL-LUGHOWIIN
Authors: Lubis Turkis
Published: October 2015

Masalah kata dan makna merupakan bahasan utama dalam linguistik, tak terkecuali dalam ilmu bahasa Arab. Diskursus antara makna hakiki dan majazi menjadi kajian paling menarik di kalangan pakar bahasa (Lughawi) dan para teolog (Ushuli). Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada perbedaan pandangan para linguis dan teolog tentang makna hakiki dan makna majazi. Hakikat, menurut para teolog, dibedakan menjadi lughawi dan syar’i. Lain halnya dengan para linguis yang membedakannya dengan wadh’i dan ‘urfy (‘aam dan khas). Sedangkan makna majazi dibagi menjadi makna lughawi, ‘urfy dan syar’i.
GENEOLOGI BAHASA DALAM HUMANIORA
Authors: Esha Muhammad In’am
Published: October 2015

This paper studies the relation between language and humanities in the history of science perspective. Based on this study there are four findings. First, relation between language and humanities in the structure of science in this modern era is not able to be divided from the background of the development of studia humanitatis in the west. Second, development of humanities in the west relates to the vision of education for presenting humanizing curriculum. This is because of the fact that the studies and research in language and classical literatures is a necessity. Third, in Islamic civilization, the term humanities is unpopular, but essentially the studies of humanities (ex: language, literature, logic, art) have strategic position. Islamic civilization is text civilization (hadlarah al-nash) based on Koran and to understand it needs the tool, mainly language science. The existence of those sciences in Islamic civilization is very significant.
GRAMMATICAL EXPRESSION OF BUGIS POLITENESS
Authors: Mahmud Murni
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the use of grammar as a strategy to express politeness in Bugis society. This is based on the research I conducted in 2005 in two different Bugis communities: the first was in Awangpone, a rural area and the second was in Parepare. There are three main aspects of Bugis grammar used by Bugis people to encode their politeness. The first one is the pronoun system, in which Bugis speakers use idi’, ta-, or -ki, (the 1st plural inclusive pronoun) to address people politely rather than using iko, mu-, and –nu (the 2nd person pronoun). The second one is the use of participant avoiders such as passive voice di- or terms such as tauwé ‘people’ or anu ‘something or someone’ to avoid mentioning the subject or object directly. Another device is the phonological alternations between final –o and final –i/–é, in which final –o is less polite than final –i/–é such as the pairs iyé’/iyo ‘yes’ or –mi/-mo ‘just’.
TINJAUAN HERMENEUTIKA GADAMERIAN TERHADAP PERGESERAN PARADIGMA TAFSIR PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Abidin Munirul
Published: October 2015

This research aims to find out the paradigm shifting of Qur’anic interpretation on woman verses from Gadamerian perspective. This writing finds out three paradigms: classical, modern and neomodernism paradigm. Each paradigm has its own world view that necessary to its context. From Gadamerian perspective, the emergence of those three paradigms in Qur’anic interpretation about woman verses is necessity. As a text, Qur’an is not a dead object, but it will be understood by people from different point of views. In interpreting a text, an instrument is used to help finding out the right interpretation. Interpretation is not a hall of mirrors in which interpreters only see themselves in different poses and shapes depending on the shape and angle of the mirror which confronts them. Rather, interpretation is a process of listening to others through their words and deeds.
THARIQAH NUUR AL-BAYAAN FII TA'LIMIL LUGHOH 'ARABIYAH
Authors: Bahruddin Uril
Published: October 2015

There have been many efforts of developing Arabic learning either in Arab countries and other countries, including Indonesia. Some of the methods developed are the “tarjamah” method, direct method, listening and speaking method as well as communicative methods. All the methods are aimed at the effective ways of learning Arabic. One of the new methods developed by Muhammad Dawud, a director of the Institute of Al-Quran Teacher Education in Cairo Egypt is called the method of Nurul Bayan. This method emphasizes the closeness and interaction between an Arabic learner and Al-Quran that is an example of the most perfect Arabic.
AL-IZDIWAJIYYAH AL-LUGHOWIYAH FII ISTIHDHAMI AL-LUGHOH AL-‘ARABIYAH
Authors: Muslimin Imam
Published: October 2015

Al-Izdiwajiyyah (diglosia) is standardizing a specific language when there are two variants of language that live side by side in societal life and each variant has its own social function. Disglosia is related to the use of local languages variations of low language and high language in a community. In Arabic language, disglosia covers dialects among the speakers, for instance there are two variants of language that each has roles and functions. The use of the variant depends on the situation. The most important characteristic of diglosia is specifying the functions of wach language variant. For high level language variant is aimed for formal situations such as religious ceremony, lectures, news, or editorials of newspaper. On the contrary, the low level language variant is commonly used in less formal situation such as daily communication in the family, chat with friends, stories in radion, and folk literature. In Arabic language, diglosia can be identified when the speaker of the language use diction commonly used for daily communication (amiyah) in a formal expression (fusha), and vice versa.
TERJEMAHAN CONJUNCTIVE RELATION (CR) DALAM NOVEL MIXED BLESSINGS DAN NOVEL BERKAH PENUH COBAAN
Authors: Sriyono Sriyono
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the form and meaning of conjunctive relation and how conjunctive relation is translated from source language into target language. The different system amongst languages  in forming words, sentences or paragraph might  represent  peculiar form and meaning. As a part of element in determining logical meaning, conjunctive relation can be in the  form of conjunction, verb, noun, preposition and implicit. Those forms signal how unity of a text is constructed. In translation, the use of conjunctive relation forms frequently make problem for translators since it is closely related to logical meaning in a text.  In translating text, different meaning between two languages should be occasionally translated into different form and meaning of the two languages. To understand a text comprehensively, a reader must know the unity of a text. One of the aspects to determine unity of a text in translation is conjunctive relation. The unity of a text can be covered with the conjunctive relation which signal logical relation among clauses, sentences and paragraph, so that in translation cohesiveness of a text is interpreted well both in source text and target text.

Keywords: Terjemahan, Conjuctive, Relation, Makna, Logis
DAMPAK ON-THE-JOB TRAINING DI LUAR NEGERI PADA STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DAN KEMAMPUAN SOFT SKILLS MAHASISWA
Authors: Aniroh Kun
Published: October 2015

Globalization opens up the chances for students of hotel studies to have on-the-job training at hotels abroad with the duration of six months up to one year. At the first three months the students got difficulties in using their English and get less interaction and appropriate behavior because in a hotel abroad there are many staffs from many countries using English with different accents and different cultures. Such environment triggered students to learn English with a particular strategy that lead them to improve their English and their soft skills convincingly.
NEUROLINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE ON LEXICAL PERCEPTION AND SEMANTIC DISORDER OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: October 2015

Autism patients get suffer from language disorder that can be identified from the late of speaking, the problems in processing linguistic information  and understanding the speech meaning. This triggers to the learning problems that is worsened by attention disorder. The language acquisition is also affected by the limited vocabularies, starting from lexical perception up to vocabularies that are parts of semantic acquisition. In neurolinguistics perspective, complexity of language disorder for the spectrum autism can be explained based on the perceptual information management   and the domination of his brain hemisphere. Linguistic information is processed in monoprocessing due to different hemisphere domination that happens after the process  of brain lateralizes that ends up to the base of different lexicon perceptual system  and the semantic acquisition for spectrum autism so that his expressive language skill   reaches far beyond his receptive language. This strengthen the argumentation that language pathology is based on the relation between brain and linguistic mechanism.
Keywords: Neurolinguistics, Lexical Perception, Semantic Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder
NEGATIVE TRANSFER OF INDONESIAN COLLOCATIONS INTO ENGLISH AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Said Mashadi
Published: October 2015

One of the most challenging problems for EFL students is to be able to express themselves not just grammatically but also acceptably and naturally in English in appropriate contexts.  The ability to produce acceptable and natural expressions in English is closely related to the EFL students’ competence in collocation—which words go together in normal usage. The present study provides an empirical analysis on negative transfer made by Indonesian EFL students in lexical collocation and recommends practical ways to help students improve their competence in collocation.  Data for the study was collected from essays written by 40 EFL university students majoring in English in Indonesia whose native language is Indonesian. The students were asked to write a two- to three-page essay on an assigned topic. Of 445 lexical collocation errors found in the English writing, 321 (72%) were negative transfers of Indonesian lexical collocations into English. The findings suggest the necessity of direct teaching of collocations, the use of The Collins WordbanksOnline, and the need to design bilingual collocation dictionaries.
Keywords: Negative Transfer, Lexical Collocation, Indonesian Collocation, Acceptable Collocation
NATIVIZATION AND USE OF BORROWING WORDS IN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Husin Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: October 2015

Bahasa Indonesia, the national language of Indonesia, has traditionally borrowed items from the world’s classical languages, Sanskrit and Arabic. However, elements from European languages, especially English, have also massively influenced the expansion of Bahasa Indonesia’s lexicons. Massive influx of the latter  has caused a controversy among Indonesia’s linguists and other experts. Should greater loan be made from the former, as traditional source of borrowings, or should Bahasa Indonesia borrow more from the latter, as the language of modernity symbol in Indonesia? The controversy has been cleverly resolved with the adaptation and combination of elements of seemingly conflicting sources to serve specifically Indonesian objectives. In the lexical modernization of Bahasa Indonesia, despite the apparent irreconcilability of the two approaches to the use of foreign borrowings, Indonesians are effectively utilizing in a systematic manner the diverse foreign languages that their rich and varied history has made available to them.
Keywords: Lexical Borrowing, Nativization, Bahasa Indonesia, Language Modernization
FUNGSI DAN MAKNA AKSARA SIMBOL PADA TEKS KAJANG DALAM RITUAL NGABEN DI BALI
Authors: Suweta I Made
Published: October 2015

The implementation of Hindu teachings in Bali poses a blend of the universal Hindu faith concept (Pancha Sraddha) and the indigenous wisdom. One of the indigenous elements is the use of kajang or drawing of sacred scripts on small piece of cloth used as a cover of corpse in the cremation ceremony. There are two urgent problems at issue here: (1) In what manifestation can God be glorified through kajang scripts? and (2) Why is God worshiped in the kajang scripts? The data collection in this paper is carried out by observing the data contained on the kajang scripts based on bibliographical studies and seeing in person the use of kajang in the cremation ceremony, and then analyzed them in a qualitative descriptive method. Results of the analysis undertaken are (1) Manifestation of God worshiped in the form of kajang scripts is the Supreme God, Ruler of Rwa Bhineda (basic dualism), Trinity, Shiva, the Ancestors, Devata Nawa Sanga and (2) The worship with the meaning of invocation to God consist of: invocation to attain moksha and sanctity as well as to get protection of the Gods and forgiveness.
Keywords: Teks, Ngaben, Aksara, Simbol, Doa
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL DISTANCE IN THE USE OF REQUEST STRATEGIES IN THE PROPOSAL MOVIE
Authors: Veronica Noviyanti Loanata Flora Debora Floris,
Published: October 2015

Request is a face-threatening act (FTA) that requires the ability of the speaker not only in the language itself, but also in applying the language used in its context. One of the social dimensions, named social distance, proposed by Holmes (2001), is found to be given its influence in the use of request. In this study, the writers wanted to know about request strategies spoken by Margaret Tate (a leader) to Andrew Paxton (her assistant) before and after their contract marriage, as seen in The Proposal movie. The writer used qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. The findings of this research show that in general, there are some similarities and differences of the use of request strategies before as well as after the contract marriage. In general, it can be assumed that Margaret's higher social status is giving more influences to the requests spoken to Andrew rather than the social distance itself.
Keywords: Request, Request Strategies, Social Distance
TA’LIIM AL-LUGHAH AL-‘ARABIYYAH LI AL-THULLAB AL-WAFIDIIN FII JAMI’AH AL-MALIK SAUUD BI AL-RIYADH AL-MAMLAKAH AL-‘ARABIYYAH AL-SAUUDIYYAH
Authors: Hamid Hamid
Published: October 2015

The interesting finding of this research is the model of teaching Arabic for foreign student developed by   Malik Sauud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In the past, the teaching Arabic for foreign student or non-native in Arab mostly used direct method, while in this research it is found out that there are five important things in teaching Arabic language. The first, the Arabic language teaching   needs specific dormitory for the foreign students so that all of the program can be applied exclusively. Second, the direct method , is still applied completed with communicative approach and various strategies. Third, the use of multi-media is considered important eventough the tutors are native speaker. This also shows that   teacher-centered has shifted into student-centered sothat teachers take role as facilitator. Fourth, the materials presented are suited with Arabic culture and the culture of students’ origin. Fifth, the phase of evaluation is considered most important to measure the success of learning Arabic language. The shift of language learning model  of Arabic language in Arab country as applied in   Malik Sauud University, Riyadh, Arab Saudi can be a new trend in developing Arabic language and culture  teaching learning.
Keywords: Ta’liim, Jami’ah Al-Malik Sauud
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PROJECT-BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA PONPES MODERN DI MALANG RAYA
Authors: Suhartatik Suhartatik , Adi Adi
Published: October 2015

English is taught in Modern Islamic Boarding School  as one of  language competences must be mastered by the students  beside Arabic. The teachers find  difficulties to implement  learning models that make the students to be active  and  the students need others learning variation.  Research and Development (R & D) design is used in this  research  that aim  to produce the development of “Project Based-Learning Model” plus VCD to improve the Students' English Ability of Modern Islamic Boarding School at Malang Area. The model of development is adopted by  Borg and Gall Model  starting from collecting information,  development of initial product, 1st expert validation, 1st  product revision, 2nd expert validation, 2nd product revision, tryout, and final product. The Experts’ English Material validation conclude that formulation of learning objective, content, material selection for development of “Project Based-Learning Model” have got category of  Excellent. The validation of the Expert of Media  conclude that final product of VCD have been appropriated  with the aspects  of  learning media that are feasible to be applied.
INCLUSIVE ISLAM IN AHMAD TOHARI’S NOVELS
Authors: Mugijatna Mugijatna
Published: October 2015

Most of Ahmad Tohari’s novels have something to do with Islam. Yet, study on the aspects of Islam in the novels is rare. As an NU santri, Ahmad Tohari’s view on life is shaped by Islam according to NU's understanding. He wants to develop an understanding of Islam which is inclusive. There are two kinds of inclusivism. Inclusivism that considers that “truth” and “salvation” are available in other religions, that is, inclusivism in conviction and inclusivism that rejects this idea and limits inclusivism to social affairs only, the existence of other religions is simply respected. Ahmad Tohari’s idea of inclusivism goes as far as to include inclusivism which accepts “truth” and “salvation” in other conviction. In the trilogy of Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Ahmad Tohari expresses his idea of a person who does not choose to embrace Islam as being embraced by Islam. In Lingkar tanah dan lingkar air, Ahmad Tohari expresses the idea of Islam which respects differences. In Kubah, Ahmad Tohari expresses an idea that Muslims should forgive sinners. The first belongs to inclusivism in conviction, while the second and the third belong to inclusivism in social affairs.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTENT-BASED APPROACH IN IMPROVING ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS OF EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Heriyawati Dwi Fita , Sulistyo Teguh , Sholeh Agus
Published: October 2015

This study aimed at investigating the benefits of the implementation of Content-Based Approach (CBA) in academic writing of EFL settings. Therefore, the approach was implemented in writing class in which 35 students participated as the respondents of the study. They were treated with CBA and their essays were then analyzed to examine the effects of the implementation of the approach on their writing products. Besides, this study investigated further the grammatical errors made by the students as reflected on their essays. The findings of this study proved that CBA is beneficial to improve students’ writing skills even though the students still produced grammatical errors.
Wastewater‐effluent‐dominated streams as ecosystem‐management tools in a drier climate
Authors: Luthy Richard G , Sedlak David L , Plumlee Megan H , Austin David , Resh Vincent H
Published: October 2015

Water withdrawals and discharges from municipal wastewater‐treatment plants in semiarid regions result in more urban streams becoming dependent on wastewater effluent for base flows. Such wastewater‐effluent‐dominated streams support perennial‐stream ecosystems that would not otherwise exist. At the same time, ecosystems downstream of effluent discharges can improve water quality, support water re‐use, create habitat, and provide urban amenities. By identifying measures of success for biota, habitat, hydrology, geomorphology, and water quality, water managers can better design, operate, and monitor effluent‐dominated water courses under future climate conditions. This requires the development of clearly defined ecological and social objectives, as well as a better understanding of the consequences of increasing reliance on wastewater effluent to sustain the biota of effluent‐dominated streams. Successful quantification of the costs and benefits of these projects is likely to attract the attention of agencies and communities that have the power to turn the environmental perturbations associated with effluent discharges into new forms of environmental enhancement.
Integrated adaptive design for wildlife movement under climate change
Authors: Lister Nina-Marie , Brocki Marta , Ament Robert
Published: October 2015

Climate change is anticipated to alter both wildlife movement and distributions. Despite mounting evidence that wildlife‐crossing infrastructure offers a reliable, physical solution to the linked problems of wildlife road mortality and habitat fragmentation, pervasive barriers – from economic to governance structures – prevent the widespread introduction of an infrastructure network. To overcome these barriers, and to cope with the challenges posed by climate change, we argue that proactive, anticipatory planning and evidence‐based, integrated highway‐impact mitigation strategies are needed. Specifically, wildlife‐crossing infrastructure should emphasize an integrated and adaptive approach to constructing innovative, modular, and potentially moveable structures that can be transferred from one location to another as monitoring of habitats and wildlife needs indicate. Continued investment in fixed, static structures, which are typically based on engineering standards designed for traffic loads rather than wildlife movement, may prove ineffectual as habitats change in composition and location, potentially leading to associated changes in the locations of wildlife–vehicle collisions.
Urban climate and adaptation strategies
Authors: Larsen Larissa
Published: October 2015

Extreme heat poses a threat to the livability and sustainability of cities, and disproportionally harms marginalized groups. The frequency of extreme heat events is expected to increase in the future as climate change exacerbates urban heat island (UHI) effects. Common UHI mitigation strategies – such as cool pavements (light‐colored surfacing or permeable pavements), cool roofs (often categorized as “white”, “blue”, or “green” roof strategies to differentiate the approaches), and increased planting of vegetation – vary in effectiveness depending on a city's baseline climate, as well as on city size and layout. Microclimate mitigation efforts must move beyond exterior site‐level strategies to consider land‐use planning at the neighborhood level and the role of passive cooling strategies for buildings. Green infrastructure offers benefits in the form of improved stormwater management, air quality, carbon sequestration, and microclimate regulation. The creation of a new utility – one akin to a public company that provides services such as electricity or water and that recognizes the multiple and overlapping environmental and social benefits of green infrastructure – may expedite implementation of such strategies.
Maize Grain Yield and Dry Matter Production Responses to Variations in Weather Conditions
Authors: Zhou Baoyuan , Yue Yang , Sun Xuefang , Wang Xinbing , Wang Zhimin , Ma Wei , Zhao Ming
Published: October 2015

Variations in weather conditions could alter maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development. This study was conducted to determine the eco‐physiological determinants of variations in maize yield with weather conditions, and the relationship between grain yield, dry matter production, and climatic factors. Eight sowing dates were set at 15‐ to 20‐d intervals from mid‐March to mid‐July during 2012 and 2013 in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China. When the sowing date was delayed, the yield increased initially and later declined, and the greatest yield was obtained at 12 June (SD6) sowing date for both years. The increased yield for SD6 was mainly attributed to the 1000‐kernel weight and post‐silking dry matter production, which were mainly influenced by the post‐silking plant growth rate. Variations in temperature and radiation were the primary factors that influenced the post‐silking dry matter production of maize, and eventually influenced grain yield. High temperatures (daily maximum temperature [Tmax] > 28.1°C) during post‐silking under early sowing conditions and low temperatures (daily minimum temperature [Tmin] < 17.7°C) under late sowing conditions combined with low radiation (accumulated radiation [Ra] < 1 005.4 MJ m2) decreased the post‐silking plant growth rate, thereby decreasing the dry matter production and grain yield. Therefore, when the sowing was done from 25 May to 27 June, the relatively higher maize yield would be obtained. We conclude that variations in weather conditions (temperature and radiation) from silking to maturity significantly affect the plant growth rate of maize, influence post‐silking dry matter production, and grain yield.
Performance of Dry Direct‐Seeded Rice in Response to Genotype and Seeding Rate
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: October 2015

Dry direct‐seeded rice (Oryza sativaL.) (DSR) is an emerging production system in South Asia. Limited research has been done in DSR for optimizing seeding rate to achieve a high yield in South Asia, especially for hybrids. In this study, we investigated yield formation, dry matter, and N translocation of four rice genotypes (two hybrids: ‘PAC‐837’ and ‘SVH‐127’; two inbreds: ‘PR‐115’ and ‘PR‐121’) in response to varying seeding rates (80, 120, 160, and 200 seeds m−2). The grain yield of the hybrids was higher (6.84−8.52 Mg ha−1) than that of inbreds (5.41–6.70 Mg ha−1) at each seeding rate; however, the magnitude of the increases in yield was higher at the lowest seeding rate (80 seeds m−2). The highest grain yield was achieved with PAC‐837 (8.52 Mg ha−1) at 80 seeds m−2. This was caused by a substantial increase in N uptake (111.6 kg ha−1) and total N uptake (173.2 kg ha−1) for PAC‐837 at the lowest seeding rate (80 seeds m−2). Translocation of dry matter (3.70 and 3.37 Mg ha−1for PAC‐837 and SVH‐127, respectively) and N accumulation (51.0 and 50.0 kg ha−1for PAC‐837 and SVH‐127, respectively) was higher in the hybrids than in inbreds. The results indicated that in DSR, both the hybrids and inbreds showed the highest grain yield at the lowest seeding rate (80 seeds m−2). This study suggested that the grain yield of DSR at 200 seeds m−2decreased because of lower N translocation and postanthesis N accumulation compared to 80 seeds m−2.
Estimation of Catchment‐Scale Soil Moisture Patterns Based on Terrain Data and Sparse TDR Measurements Using a Fuzzy C‐Means Clustering Approach
Authors: Schröter Ingmar , Paasche Hendrik , Dietrich Peter , Wollschläger Ute
Published: October 2015

Accurate characterization of spatial soil moisture patterns and their temporal dynamics is important to infer hydrological fluxes and flow pathways and to improve the description and prediction of hydrological models. Recent advances in ground‐based and remote sensing technologies provide new opportunities for temporal information on soil moisture patterns. However, spatial monitoring of soil moisture at the small catchment scale (0.1–1 km2) remains challenging and traditional in situ soil moisture measurements are still indispensable. This paper presents a strategic soil moisture sampling framework for a low‐mountain catchment. The objectives were to: (i) find a priori a representative number of measurement locations, (ii) estimate the soil moisture pattern on the measurement date, and (iii) assess the relative importance of topography for explaining soil moisture pattern dynamics. The fuzzy c‐means sampling and estimation approach (FCM SEA) was used to identify representative measurement locations for in situ soil moisture measurements. The sampling was based on terrain attributes derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). Five time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement campaigns were conducted from April to October 2013. The TDR measurements were used to calibrate the FCM SEA to estimate the soil moisture pattern. For wet conditions the FCM SEA performed better than under intermediate conditions and was able to reproduce a substantial part of the soil moisture pattern. A temporal stability analysis shows a transition between states characterized by a reorganization of the soil moisture pattern. This indicates that, at the investigated site, under wet conditions, topography is a major control that drives water redistribution, whereas for the intermediate state, other factors become increasingly important.
MOEA/D with Adaptive IWO for Synthesizing Phase-Only Reconfigurable
Linear Arrays
Authors: Tan Yanyan , Li Shengtao , Fang Xiaonan
Published: October 2015

In order to well solve the phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems, we introduce an adaptive strategy
in invasive weed optimization (IWO), and integrate the adaptive IWO (AIWO) into the framework of MOEA/D, a
popular multi-objective algorithm. Then, a new version of MOEA/D with adaptive IWO, named MOEA/D-AIWO is proposed
in this paper for solving the synthesis problems. In MOEA/D-AIWO, the proposed adaptive strategy is adopted for
improving search ability and balancing diversity and convergence. We introduce an adaptive standard deviation, which
changes not only with the increase of evolution generations, but also exponentially with the fitness function value of each
individual. This strategy improves the convergence rate and helps the seeds escape from local optimum. Taking advantage
of the powerful searching ability of invasive weeds and well framework of MOEA/D, the overall performance of the proposed
MOEA/D-AIWO is illustrated in solving two sets of phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems. Comparing
results with MOEA/D-IWO (MOEA/D with original IWO) and MOEA/D-DE are also provided in this paper.
Concrete Crack Width Detecting System for Android Platform
Authors: Shuang-rui Chen , Zheng Shi , Quan-sheng Yan
Published: October 2015

In order to measure crack width accurately and automatically, an Android-based Automatic Crack Width
Measuring System (ACWMS) has been developed, taking advantage of the high portability of Android devices. After capturing
the image using mobile phone camera, the image is processed by image processing techniques, including graying,
binaryzation, denoising and edge recognition. A specified algorithm is executed to calculate the crack width according to
the provided edge data. Measurements has been done to each of the 10 cracks in the same concrete beam, using Samsung
Galaxy S3 mobile phone and WYSX-40X Crack detector, respectively. Test result shows that the maximum crack width
accuracy reaches 95.26%, which satisfies the construction needs. Therefore, this system can greatly improve the efficiency
and accuracy during crack width measurement.
Numerical Calculation of the Tee Local Resistance Coefficient
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Manlai , Zhou Zhihong , Wei Shizhong
Published: October 2015

The local head loss of tee could be calculated with the determination of local resistance coefficient by CFD
simulation and test. Based on the mesh-independent feature identified, the flow field inner tee was numerically simulated
by the standard k - ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithms, which has revealed the mainstream was obliged to turn to
the opposite side of tee junction, and a rise in pressure drop between upstream and downstream was caused as a result.
Furthermore, the frictional resistance coefficient was calculated for eliminating the frictional head loss of model, which
decreased from 0.0207 to 0.0133 when the inlet velocity increased from 1 m/s to 12 m/s. Additionally, the local resistance
coefficients of tee at flow conditions were attained, and the quadratic polynomial between the local resistance coefficient
and flux ratio was presented due to the influence of branch on mainstream. Through the test, the simulation result has been
compared and the effectiveness of simulation has been verified.
Palliative embolization of renal tumors
Authors: Jaganjac Suad , Schefe Lennart
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim. Palliative embolization of renal tumors is the method of
choice in the treatment of advanced inoperable renal cell carcinoma in
patients with hematuria and pain. Patients with small tumors in the remaining
solitary kidney who refuse surgery are suitable for this type of therapy as
well as patients with centrally located inoperable tumors. The prerequisite
for successful capillary embolization is the closure of the main arte-rial
trunk with metal spirals. Methods. In the period from 2000 to 2010 we
conducted 42 palliative embolizations. The average age of the patients was 75
years, including 26 men and 16 women. In 8 of the patients the intervention
was repeated and in one with severe AV shunts embolization was performed 4
times. Embolization was performed with alcohol, Ivalon 150-250 ?m and with
metal coils. Results. No serious complications were observed during and after
the intervention. Fourteen patient were still alive then and among the
deceased patients the average survival time was 13.5 ? 10.8 months with the
range of 1 to 56 months. The minimal survival time was 1 month with a
maxi-mum survival time of 56 months. Conclusion. Our results are consistent
with data in the literature. Survival in patients without metastases was
longer than in those with metastases, as con-firmed by the 14 of the patients
from the study. An additional therapeutic safety in the treatment of small
cancers is provided with a combination therapy of embolization and
radiofrequency thermoablation.
Diuretic 99mTc DTPA renography in assessment of renal function and drainage in infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis
Authors: Radulovic Marija , Pucar Dragan , Jaukovic Ljiljana , Sisic Marija , Krstic Zoran , Ajdinovic Boris
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim. The controversy over the postnatal management of infants with
antenataly detected hydronephrosis (ANH) still exists. We presented the
results of diuretic 99mTc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)
renography in 30 infants with the antenatal diagnosis of unilateral renal
pelvic dilatation. The aim of this study was to assess the renal function
determined by the pattern of drainage and split renal function (SRF) on
diuretic renography and to correlate these findings with anteroposterior
pelvic diameter (APD) estimated by ultrasonography. Methods. A total of 30
infants with 60 renal units (RU) (25 boys and 5 girls, median age 6.0 months,
range 2-24) presented with unilateral hydronephrosis on ultrasound in the
newborn period, underwent DTPA diuretic renal scintigraphy (F+15 protocol).
The median APD evaluated on perinatal ultrasound was 15 mm (range 5-30). The
postnatal associated clinical diagnosis were pelviureteric junction
obstruction (PUJ), simple hydronephrosis, megaureter, vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR) and posterior urethral valves in 11, 10, 6, 2 and 1 infant,
respectively. Images and Tmax/2 after diuretic stimulation on the background
subtracted renographic curves were used as the criteria for classifying the
drainage as good, partial, and poor or no drainage. The SRF was calculated
with the integral method. Results. Good drainage was shown in 36/60, partial
drainage in 13/60 and poor or no drainage in 11/60 RU. The SRF >40% was
observed in 55/60 RU, with no RU showing SRF lower than 23.5%. In infants
with severe ANH the obstruction was not excluded in 94.1%. Conclusion.
Diuretic renography in antenatally detected hydronephrosis should be a useful
tool in postnatal follow up, especially in differentiating nonobstructive
hydronephrosis from obstructive. It is also importanat to assess and monitor
the SRF. Our results suggest that even in the presence of partial or no
drainage, SRF may not be significantly impaired.