bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The monetization coefficient of the region and its impact on the development of a territorial unit’s economy
Authors: Kuvaeva Yulia V.
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the role of the financial system in the development of national economies has been widely discussed in the global and national economic literature. This article analyzes the influence the financial depth of economy has on the level of its development in some Russian regions. Notably, the notion of “financial depth of economy” is not yet sufficiently studied, and therefore, the analysis of the impact, which individual indices of “financial depth” have on the level of development of territorial entities within the state, has not received sufficient attention. The methodological basis of the study includes theoretical foundations of macroeconomic theory, describing the existence of mutual relations between the level of development of the financial sector and the economic growth.
This study aims to study the possible impact of one of the indices of the financial depth of the regional economy — the coefficient of monetization of closed territorial formations within the state, which has a federal structure — on the level of the region’s economic development. The information base of the research consists of the data on 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the highest and lowest value of the statistical index “funds of organizations, bank deposits (deposits) and other borrowed funds of legal entities and individuals”.
The results show that the financial depth of the region’s economy according to the index “monetization coefficient” does not exceed 50%, except for two key subjects (Moscow, St. Petersburg), while in the countries with developed economies this index reaches the level of 200%. The calculated determination coefficient indicates an insignificant impact of the factor (monetization of a specific RF entity) on the variation of the effective index (GRP per capita of the sample subject). Thus, the impact of one of the indices of the financial depth of the regional economy — the coefficient of monetization of closed territorial formations — on the level of economic development of the region does not find a corresponding confirmation in the Russian experience.
Gene Therapy for Angelman Syndrome: Contemporary Approaches and Future Endeavors
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Papakosta Vasiliki , Miranda Adriana Viola , Zacharopoulou Lefkothea , Danilchenko Valeriia , Matiashova Lolita , Dhar Amrit
Published: January 2020

Background:

Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a congenital non inherited neurodevelopmental
disorder. The contemporary AS management is symptomatic and it has been accepted that gene therapy
may play a key role in the treatment of AS.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to summarize existing and suggested gene therapy approaches
to Angelman syndrome.

Methods:

This is a literature review. Pubmed and Scopus databases were researched with keywords
(gene therapy, Angelman’s syndrome, neurological disorders, neonates). Peer-reviewed studies that
were closely related to gene therapies in Angelman syndrome and available in English, Greek, Ukrainian
or Indonesian were included. Studies that were published before 2000 were excluded and did not
align with the aforementioned criteria.

Results:

UBE3A serves multiple roles in signaling and degradation procedures. Although the restoration
of UBE3A expression rather than targeting known activities of the molecule would be the optimal
therapeutic goal, it is not possible so far. Reinstatement of paternal UBE3A appears as an adequate alternative.
This can be achieved by administering topoisomerase-I inhibitors or reducing UBE3A antisense
transcript (UBE3A-ATS), a molecule which silences paternal UBE3A.

Conclusion:

Understanding UBE3A imprinting unravels the path to an etiologic treatment of AS.
Gene therapy models tested on mice appeared less effective than anticipated pointing out that activation
of paternal UBE3A cannot counteract the existing CNS defects. On the other hand, targeting abnormal
downstream cell signaling pathways has provided promising rescue effects. Perhaps, combined
reinstatement of paternal UBE3A expression with abnormal signaling pathways-oriented treatment is
expected to provide better therapeutic effects. However, AS gene therapy remains debatable in pharmacoeconomics
and ethics context.
Proatherogenic Importance of Carbamylation-induced Protein Damage and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Yanar Karolin , Çakatay Ufuk
Published: January 2020

Introduction & Background:

Protein carbamylation is a non-enzymatic and irreversible posttranslational process. It affects functions of numerous enzymes, hormones and receptors playing several roles in diabetes pathogenesis by changing their native structures. Detrimental consequences of oxidative protein damage comprise, but are not limited to glyoxidation, lipoxidation and carbonylation reactions. Since the carbamylated plasma proteins are strongly related to the glycemic control parameters of diabetes, they may have an additive value and emerge as potential biomarkers for the follow up, prognosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Methods & Results:

To conduct our systematic review, we used PubMed and Semantic Scholar, and used ‘Protein carbamylation and diabetes’ and ‘Protein carbamylation and atherosclerosis’ as keywords and looked into about five hundred manuscripts. Manuscripts that are not in English were excluded as well as manuscripts that did not mention carbamylation to maintain the focus of the present article. Similar to glycation, carbamylation is able to alter functions of plasma proteins and their interactions with endothelial cells and has been shown to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis.

Conclusion:

At this stage, it seems clear that protein carbamylation leads to worse clinical outcomes. To improve patient care, but maybe more importantly to improve healthcare-prevention, we believe the next stage involves understanding how exactly protein carbamylation leads to worse outcomes and when and in what group of people anti-carbamylation therapies must be employed.
Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review
Authors: Singh Ruchi , Hasan Syed M. , Verma Amit , Panda Sanjay K.
Published: January 2020

Background:

A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as
drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern
drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries
old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective
agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has
possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro
studies.

Methods:

Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were
searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different
sections as per the aim of the paper.

Results:

Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article.
After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied
articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained
microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents
present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological
activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic
activity.

Conclusion:

This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description
of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological
activities.
Evaluation of the Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Leave Extracts of Saraca indica against Ethanol, Pylorus Ligature and Indomethacin Induced Ulcer in Albino Rats
Authors: Verma Pritt , Paswan Shravan K. , Vishwakarma Vishal K. , Saxena Priyanshi , Rao Chandana V. , Shrivastva Sajal
Published: January 2020

Background:

To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Saraca indica
against ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

Ulcer was produced by ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino
rats. Five groups (n=6) of rats were orally pre-treated with carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and ranitidine
(80 mg/kg) respectively. In ethanol induced ulcer, the animals were treated with 200 and 400
mg/kg b.w. ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in 0.3% CMC solution, 60 minutes before oral
administration of absolute ethanol to produce gastric mucosal injury. In indomethacin induced ulcer, the
drug was administered orally at the dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. After 7-9 hours of administration of indomethacin
(30 mg/kg); the animals were sacrificed with high doses of anesthesia. In the pylorus ligature
method, volume of free acidity, gastric secretion, pH and total acidity were estimated. In all three models,
the ulcer index and % protection were estimated.

Results:

The anti ulcer activity of ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in ethanol, indomethacin and
pylorus ligature models is evident from the significant (P<0.001) reduction in ulcer index. In pylorus
ligature model, significant (P<0.001) reduction in total acidity gastric volume and increase in pH were
observed when compared with the standard drug.

Conclusion:

Ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica were found to be significantly protective against
ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligature induced gastric ulcers in the experimental albino rats. The
result obtained suggest that ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica possesses significant anti-ulcer
activity.
Medicated Chewing Gums: Recent Patents and Patented Technology Platforms
Authors: Kaushik Prerna , Kaushik Deepak
Published: January 2020

:

The reason that the oral route attained such acceptance may be ascribed to its affluence of administration. Over the years, patient convenience- oriented exploration in the area of drug delivery has introduced potential innovative medicine delivery systems. The elegant drug delivery system is an amalgamation of science and dexterity with therapeutic prospect and presentability. It involves the administration of medications in a groundbreaking fashion with the assistance of cosmetics, wearable devices and oral drug delivery system which can also be used for ornamental purposes. Out of which, therapeutic chewing gum offers a highly suitable and amenable technique of dosing medications comprising children and elderlies. It is a potentially convenient means of administering medications either locally or systematically via the oral cavity. It bids innumerable gains over conventional drug delivery methods. Moreover, medicinal chewing gums involve the dynamic and constant masticatory actions for drug release. Currently, enriched expertise has made it promising to advance and fabricate medicated chewing gum with predefined properties and it could be a marketable triumph in the future. Apprehending this, several investigators and pharmaceutical companies are now engaged in developing innovative practices vis-à-vis medicated chewing gums by filing several patents in this area. The present manuscript also delivers a gestalt of various patented technology platforms based on different methods/ mechanisms employed for the preparation of medicated chewing gums.
Performance Analysis of Various Multipliers Using 8T-full Adder with 180nm Technology
Authors: Prasada G.S Sai Venkatramana , Seshikala G. , Niranjana S.
Published: January 2020

Background:

This paper presents the comparative study of power dissipation, delay and
power delay product (PDP) of different full adders and multiplier designs.

Methods:

Full adder is the fundamental operation for any processors, DSP architectures and VLSI
systems. Here ten different full adder structures were analyzed for their best performance using a
Mentor Graphics tool with 180nm technology.

Results:

From the analysis result high performance full adder is extracted for further higher level
designs. 8T full adder exhibits high speed, low power delay and low power delay product and
hence it is considered to construct four different multiplier designs, such as Array multiplier,
Baugh Wooley multiplier, Braun multiplier and Wallace Tree multiplier. These different structures
of multipliers were designed using 8T full adder and simulated using Mentor Graphics tool in a
constant W/L aspect ratio.

Conclusion:

From the analysis, it is concluded that Wallace Tree multiplier is the high speed multiplier
but dissipates comparatively high power. Baugh Wooley multiplier dissipates less power but
exhibits more time delay and low PDP.
Composite of Kaolin/Sodium Alginate (SA) Beads for Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Kai Ge Irwin Tan , Nugraha Muhammad Wahyu , Ahmad Kamal Norashikin , Sambudi Nonni Soraya
Published: January 2020

Dyeing industry is one of the fast-growing industries but at the same time has also brought us a big issue on environment pollution. Adsorption processes is the most effective method in dye removal compared to other methods of wastewater treatment. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in utilizing clay material such as kaolinite as an adsorbent to remove not only inorganic but also organic molecules. In this study, composite of kaolin-sodium alginate (SA) beads was synthesized by varying the weight of kaolin from 0.5 g to 2 g. XRD, FTIR, and surface area analyses were used to characterize the kaolin; while FTIR was used to characterize the composite where the functional groups of kaolin and SA are existing. The amount of 1 g kaolin in SA could improve the adsorption of methylene blue up to 78% of removal after 8 hours. The adsorption model fits pseudo second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm
Effect of Gasification Temperature on Synthesis Gas Production and Gasification Performance for Raw and Torrefied Palm Mesocarp Fibre
Authors: Abdul Halim Najwa Hayati , Saleh Suriyati , Abdul Samad Noor Asma Fazli
Published: January 2020

Biomass gasification is widely used for converting solid biomass into synthesis gas for energy applications. Raw biomass is commonly used as feedstock for the gasification process but it usually contains high moisture content and low energy value which lowering synthesis gas production. Thus, torrefaction as a pre-treatment process is necessary in order to upgrade the properties of feedstock for producing more synthesis gas production and improving gasification performance. The objective of this work is to study the effect of gasification temperature on the synthesis gas production and gasification performance using raw and torrefied palm mesocarp fibre (PMF). The gasification process is conducted using bubbling fluidized bed using steam as gasifying agent. Based on experimental work, by increasing gasification temperature from 650 – 900 °C, the compositions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases were enhanced greatly while carbon dioxide and methane gases were decreased for both raw and torrefied PMF. In terms of gasification performance, synthesis gas yield for raw and torrefied PMF is increased from 0.91 to 1.23 Nm3/kg and 1.10 to 1.35 Nm3/kg respectively. Besides, lower heating value (LHV) of torrefied PMF is 0.04 MJ/Nm3 higher than raw PMF at 900 °C. The result showed that the percentage of cold gas efficiency (CGE) reached maximum of 67% for raw PMF while carbon conversion (CC) at 85.6% for torrefied PMF at a gasification temperature of 900 °C. The higher CC obtained by torrefied PMF is because of the increment of carbon content from 45.2% to 53.7% as a result of torrefaction. Gasification temperature of 800 °C showed the best performance of the PMF gasification since the maximum performances of LHV is achieved and started to decrease once the gasification temperature is operated beyond 800 °C.
Conversión normalizada (SKOS) de sistemas de organización del conocimiento interoperables en la web
Authors: Mochón Bezares Gonzalo , Méndez Rodríguez Eva María , Bueno de la Fuente Gema
Published: January 2020

Este estudio examina de forma exhaustiva la literatura científica dedicada a los procesos de skosificación de vocabularios y sistemas de organización del conocimiento. Se analizan en profundidad 49 trabajos que describen y detallan la transformación de un total de 59 vocabularios controlados convencionales o SOC (Sistemas de Organización del Conocimiento) a Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). Se identifican los puntos clave para hacer el análisis de metodologías de transformación de vocabularios en SKOS para la web y se comparan los estudios para determinar las aproximaciones y parámetros más recomendables para llevar a cabo estos procesos de conversión de vocabularios, cada vez más frecuentes y necesarios en la web semántica y en entornos de linked data (LD). Los resultados señalan que la mayor parte de SOC transformados son tesauros, que los formatos mayoritarios son de texto o registros bibliográficos, que el objetivo más común al cambiar a SKOS es la mejora de la interoperabilidad de los vocabularios, y que los procesos de conversión pueden agruparse mediante tres formas: scripts realizados en distintos lenguajes, transformaciones XSL y lenguajes de mapeo. Se concluye queSKOS es considerado por los autores como una buena opción para mejorar la interoperabilidad de vocabularios controlados.
An Overview on Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Swetha Reddy Singireddy1 Swetha Reddy , Varagandhi Susmitha , Jagiri Aishwarya Goud , Kadarla Rohith Kumar
Published: January 2020

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene on chromosome 7 that codes for a protein transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein which functions as a transmembrane cAMP-activated chloride channel.  CFTR also affects other ion channels, most notably blocking the influx of sodium into the cell through the epithelial sodium channel. The CFTR abnormality has been shown to produce a number of changes in the airway, including acidification and decreased water and ion transit. A pulmonary exacerbation of CF is usually identified by an increase in cough and sputum and a decrease in pulmonary function. Disease manifests in many organs, but most notably the upper and lower airways, pancreas, bowel, and reproductive tracts. Pulmonary function testing is a major tool for evaluating and monitoring disease state and progression in CF. Spirometry is the commonly used pulmonary function test. Management of CF requires good nutrition and appropriate supplementation of vitamins and pancreatic enzymes. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation recommends the following treatments as having a high certainty of substantial net benefit, grade A, for moderate-to-severe disease: inhaled tobramycin, dornasealfa, ivacaftor, and inhaled aztreonam. Preventing or treating intestinal blockages—oral rehydration and osmotic laxatives (incomplete blockage) and hyperosmolar contrast enemas (complete DIOS). Antibiotics are the major components of CF treatment and are administered chronically (e.g. inhaled antibiotics, macrolides used for their immunomodulatory properties) or intermittently to prevent, eradicate, control or treat respiratory infections. Lumacaftor (200 mg) + ivacaftor (125 mg), Orkambi, is the first approved CFTR corrector and potentiator combination therapy.

Keywords:
Formulation and Characterization of Cefixime Phytosomes for Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Jain Saloni , Ancheriya Rahul , Srivastva S , Soni Shankar Lal , Sharma Mukesh
Published: January 2020

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are one of the most strategies which enable to overcome the problems related to drug bioavailability. It is the rate and extent to which a drug becomes available to the target tissue after its administration. Over the last century, phyto-chemical science and phyto-pharmacological science established numerous plant compounds with various biological activities and health promoting benefits such as anti-mutagenicity, anti-carcinogenicity and anti-oxidative activity, for age-related diseases namely memory loss, osteoporosis, diabetic wounds, immune and liver disorders, etc. Herbal medicines have been known since eons for their safety, efficacy, folk acceptability and fewer side effects.
Pathya and Apathaya for seasonal and daily regimen; An Ayurveda and Modern perspective
Authors: Gurme Shivchandra , Rathod Manoj
Published: January 2020

Ayurveda the science of health suggest various theories and principles towards the achievement of healthy physical and mental status, in this regards ayurveda advocates concepts of Dinacharya (daily regimen) and Ritucharya (seasonal regimen) along with “regimen to be conducted” (Pathya) or “regimen to be avoided” (Apathaya). The considerations of Pathya (wholesome) and Apathaya (unwholesome) not only help to retain healthy status but also prevent pathogenesis of various diseases. There are certain pathological conditions that can occurs as consequences of disturbed daily and seasonal regimen such as; obesity, diabetes, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia, insomnia and asthma, etc. Considering importance of these all aspects present article summarizes role of Pathya and Apathaya with respect to modern concept of daily and seasonal regimen.
Role of Kayachikitsa an Ayurveda Modality towards the Geriatric Care: A Review
Authors: Kanungo Neeraj , Nagori Zahida , Kanungo Vijayata
Published: January 2020

The system for the management of health evolved through the history of civilization and Ayurveda is one such oldest system that comprises different branches for specific health purpose, Kayachikitsa is one them. The Kayachikitsa involves general principles and approaches related to the treatment procedure and use of internal medicine. The treatment of body (Kaya) by virtue of Ayurveda medication and principle is general aim of branch Kayachikitsa. The ageing or problems related to old age also need to be care and in this regards Ayurveda mentioned different approaches for geriatric care including use of internal medicine. The use of natural rugs along with general principles of Ayurveda offers health benefits in case of ageing or geriatric health issues. Considering this point here we summarizes an Ayurveda aspect towards geriatric care W.S.R. to Kayachikitsa.
Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Attitudes toward Epidural Anesthesia in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zaidyah N. Zaihi  , Laila M. Harbi  , Nidaa S. Jaylan  , Aisha A. Qumiri  , Zahra M. Alsrori  , Najla M. Asheeri  , Fatimah A. Abudyab  , Eshraq E. Othman  , Athar M. Madkhali  , Raniyah A. Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Labor pain is one of the most severe forms of pain a woman can endure throughout her lifetime. Epidural anesthesia (EA) is a widely used and effective method of analgesia for labor pain. If administered timely, EA relives about 90% to 95% of the labor pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge  and attitudes toward EA in a sample of pregnant women from  Jazan  region, Saudi Arabia.   We conducted  a cross-sectional  study on a sample of 172 pregnant women  using an online survey. Socio demographic data and responses to the questions about knowledge and attitudes toward EA were analyzed using descriptive  tests  and  Chi-square  test. The  mean  age of participants  was 27.8 ± 6.3 years. About 46.5% of respondents  had a university  degree and 39.5% had finished  high school. Overall,  women  showed  adequate knowledge  about EA and 36.6% had positive attitudes  toward  the use of EA for labor pain. The factors that were significantly associated with positive attitudes were education (χ2: 24.98, P<0.05), parity (χ2: 22.93, P<0.05), past experience with EA (χ2: 32.24, P<0.001), and source of knowledge (χ2: 19.61, P<0.05).   This study revealed  adequate knowledge  about EA among pregnant women. More than one-third (36.6%) showed positive attitudes toward  using  EA. Significant factors affecting  attitudes toward  EA  were high education, multiparty, experience with EA, and source of information  about EA. Implications and recommendations  are discussed.
Formas de acceso a recursos del cacicazgo Chitagoto, área muisca (1555-1602)
Authors: Ramírez Miranda Angy Liliana
Published: January 2020

Este artículo examina si la complementariedad ecológica hacía parte de la economía política del cacicazgo Chitagoto —en los Andes orientales de Colombia— a la llegada de los españoles en el siglo XVI, a través de la revisión de información etnohistórica; es decir, si no solo fue un ideal andino, sino también una empresa dirigida por líderes políticos que se apropiaron de la producción y monopolizaron el poder a través del tributo. Los resultados sugieren la existencia del poblamiento microvertical y la especialización en la producción de coca, capaz de generar un excedente para utilizarlo en el intercambio con etnias de tierras bajas. Esto gracias a la existencia de mercados especializados como Duitama, Sogamoso, Tunja y Bogotá, cuyo prestigio pudo basarse en el control de la distribución de excedentes de productos.
Identifikasi Batuan Megalit Terpendam Menggunakan Metode Geomagnet di Situs Megalitik Tadulako Kecamatan Lore Tengah Kabupaten Poso
Authors: Soro Bernald Marco , Sandra Sandra , Rugayya Sitti , Badaruddin Badaruddin
Published: January 2020

Penelitian tentang identifikasi batuan megalit terpendam menggunakan metode geomagnet telah dilakukan di Situs Megalitik Tadulako Kecamatan Lore Tengah Kabupaten Poso. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasi posisi dan kedalaman keberadaan batuan megalit terpendam. Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan metode geomagnet akan memperoleh kontur yang menggambarkan distribusi intensitas medan magnetik di bawah permukaan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan koreksi harian dan koreksi IGRF, sehingga diperoleh anomali magnetik total. Interpretasi data magnetik dilakukan dengan pemodelan kedepan 2D menggunakan software GM-SYS yang efektif untuk menentukan posisi dan kedalaman berdasarkan nilai suseptibilitas batuan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari ke 4 lintasan menunjukkan posisi keberadaan batuan beku granit di bawah permukaan yang diduga sebagai batuan megalit berada pada arah Barat Laut, Barat, dan Tenggara lokasi penelitian, dengan nilai suseptibilitas batuan 0,05 SI yang berada pada kedalaman 11-72 m bmt.
Deskripsi Dan Habitat Mycalesis Perseus Fabricius, 1775 (Rhopalocera: Nymphalidae) Spesies Kosmopolitan Di Gunung Tompotika, Sulawesi
Authors: Afrilianti Cipta , Sataral Mihwan , Elijonnahdi Elijonnahdi , Fahri Fahri
Published: January 2020

This study aims to describe Mycalesis perseus Fabricius, 1775 and learn  its habitat in Mt. Tompotika, Sulawesi. This research was conducted in February-March 2019. The butterflies was collected by using purposive sampling method with sweeping techniques using insect net along the hiking trails. The character of M. perseus is explained by the head, thorax, abdomen and wings. Mycalesis perseus characterized by ocellion the wing which borders with the white line on the postdiscal forewing and hindwing sections. Mycalesis perseus was found in secondary forest habitats and cashew gardens at an altitude of 100-200 meters above sea level.
Estudio de estabilidad acelerado en café verde
Authors: Pazmiño Arteaga Jhonathan David , Gallardo Cabrera Cecilia , Ruiz Márquez Andrés Felipe , Hernández Arcia Yina Marcela , Pérez Yonadys Luna
Published: January 2020

Introducción: el café verde es un producto del mercado mundial cuyo precio es determinado por sus características sensoriales en taza; sin embargo, estos atributos cambian durante el almacenamiento, convirtiendo esta etapa de la cadena productiva en una etapa crucial para garantizar la calidad del producto. Objetivo: en este trabajo se buscó determinar el impacto de diversos factores de almacenamiento en la calidad sensorial y física del café verde colombiano, bajo condiciones de estabilidad acelerada y natural. Materiales y métodos: cerezas maduras de café de la misma cosecha fueron procesadas en paralelo por dos métodos postcosecha para obtener café lavado y semilavado, después se sometieron a diferentes tratamientos de almacenamiento. Resultados: el café verde almacenado en condiciones ambientales presentó notas propias de reposo, la densidad y los parámetros del color cambiaron de diferente manera en los dos tipos de café. El comportamiento del café verde en almacenamiento acelerado varió en función de los métodos de beneficio; en el café lavado, el almacenamiento con humedad afectó los atributos sensoriales y alteró la densidad, el % HR y los parámetros de color L* y b*; en el café semilavado, el oxígeno fue el factor de mayor impacto, afectando también la densidad y el color. Conclusiones: diferentes métodos de beneficio de café no solo dan lugar a diferencias en los perfiles de la calidad sensorial, sino que también condicionan el comportamiento del grano de café verde durante el almacenamiento
Medicina Traslacional: un nuevo nombre para una antigua práctica
Authors: Luján H.
Published: January 2020

Cuando se busca en Internet la definición de Medicina Traslacional uno se encuentra con varias posibilidades que a veces se contradicen. Por ello, no existe una definición clara de esta disciplina. Es común encontrar que la Medicina Traslacional es una “ciencia que intenta avanzar rápidamente en la investigación biomédica básica para acelerar el descubrimiento de nuevas herramientas diagnósticas y nuevos tratamientos usando un enfoque multidisciplinar altamente colaborativo”, lo cual es real, pero para nada nuevo. También se define como la práctica de transferir el conocimiento científico "del laboratorio a la cama del paciente”1 , algo no solo inexacto sino también confuso ya que deberíamos descartar la Medicina Preventiva, la cual se enfoca en individuos sanos para que no lleguen a terminar hospitalizados.
Mínimo espesor dentinario de conductos de premolares preparados para postes de fibra
Authors: Alcaraz S. , Martin G. , Arce Brizon G. , Arguelles S. , Solla C.
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los elementos tratados endodónticamente pierden estructura dentinaria, como resultado de caries, preparación de acceso endodóntico y ensanchamiento para pernos. La preparación del espacio para poste consiste en conformar el conducto radicular, que posee formas irregulares y variables, generando un espacio de formas regulares que se correspondan con las del poste. El espacio para el poste no debe exceder un tercio del diámetro de la raíz y el espesor de dentina remanente no debe ser menor de 1 mm. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Evaluar in vitro el espesor de dentina residual en premolares con un solo conducto luego de la instrumentación endodóntica y posterior preparación para poste de fibra de vidrio. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS: 1) Medir el espesor dentinario desde la superficie del conducto hasta la superficie externa de la raíz. 2) Reconocer la zona de mínimo espesor de dentina en el espacio del conducto preparado para poste, entre la obturación de gutapercha y el hombro tallado en el elemento dentario. 3) Comparar la ubicación de la zona de mínimo espesor entre los elementos dentarios. 4) Determinar en qué cara del elemento dentario, libre o proximal, se observa el mínimo espesor dentinario. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 20 premolares extraídos con un solo conducto radicular. Se tomaron radiografías de frente y perfil, y posteriormente se talló la cavidad de acceso coronario. Se realizó un pre-tallado coronario y se instrumentaron los conductos con el Sistema Reciproc Blue (VDW). Se procedió a la obturación con cono de gutapercha y cemento Ad-Seal (META) mediante la técnica de compactación lateral. Se realizó la preparación para poste de fibra de vidrio con fresa Gates Glidden n°2, fresa Peeso n°1, seguida de la n°2 y se finalizó con el ensanchador para postes RTD N°2; dejando 5 mm de obturación con gutapercha a nivel apical. Se tomó una tomografía computada de haz cónico (CBCT) sobre la cual se realizaron las mediciones de los espesores de dentina, desde la superficie del conducto radicular hasta la superficie externa de la raíz, en las caras libres y proximales del elemento dentario. Se registraron las mediciones a la altura del hombro de tallado coronario, a la altura del conducto donde comienza la obturación con gutapercha y en un punto equidistante entre el hombro y la gutapercha. Los datos obtenidos fueron registrados en una hoja de captura de datos y analizados estadísticamente mediante el test Student Newman Keuls. RESULTADOS: En 5 piezas dentarias el espesor residual de dentina fue menor a 1 mm. El promedio de mesial y distal fue significativamente menor que las caras libres. Los mínimos espesores dentinarios se presentaron en mesial y distal del nivel apical, seguido por mesial de la zona media. CONCLUSIÓN: La preparación del conducto para la colocación de postes de fibra en premolares implica remoción de dentina y el mínimo espesor remanente fue observado en las caras mesial y distal de la raíz
Utilidad de los factores pronósticos para la detección de lesiones pre-neoplásicas de colon
Authors: Bedini M. , Trakal J. , Trakal E.
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) representa un problema de salud pública mundial. El objetivo de la participación de los pacientes en programas de screening de cáncer colorrectal (SCCR) es realizar undiagnóstico temprano y reducir la mortalidad. Los estudios endoscópicos son una herramienta clave para estratificar el riesgo y establecer el seguimiento de los pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de adenomas diagnosticados durante todos los estudios endoscópicos realizados en un periodo de 5 años. Establecer los factores de riesgo asociados a adenomas colorrectales. Estratificar en diferentes tipos de riesgo según la historia clínica del paciente y correlacionarlo con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos de los pólipos y el grado de displasia. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por pacientes mayores de 18 años que se realizaron una videocolonoscopía (VCC) en el servicio de Gastroenterología de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, en el período comprendido entre 1 diciembre de 2011 y 30 abril de 2017. Las fuentes de datos fueron informes de historia clínica, resultados de estudios endoscópicos y de anatomía patológica.Se analizaron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo para CCR, resultado anatomo-patológico de los pólipos y grado de displasia. Análisis estadístico: Para determinar la relación de diferentes factores de riesgos con el tipo de pólipo obtenido, se realizó un análisis univariado; test de Chi Cuadrado para variables categóricas y test T de Student para variables continuas. Todas las variables significativas en el análisis univariado se incluyeron en un análisis multivariado de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de adenomas fue del 26%. Se halló una asociación entre el sexo masculino (p= 0,44), edad mayor a 50 años (p=0,001) y la detección de pólipos durante las colonoscopias de SCCR. Pertenecer a un grupo de riesgo determinado no influyó en el diagnóstico de adenomas (p=0,156). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de pólipos de colon fue similar a la reportada por otros estudios.En el programa de SCCR, se observó una mayor frecuencia de pólipos en pacientes de sexo masculino y mayores de 50 años. Los grupos de riesgo no influyeron en el diagnóstico de adenoma.
An experimental study of selected Jurassic carbonate samples from north-eastern Tunisia
Authors: Dhahri R. , Ezzine I. , Ghanmi M.
Published: January 2020

The industrial development of the outcrops in the Tunis-Zaghouane area could represent an important economic driver for the country. The main structures are introduced and illustrated with onsite field observations. Moreover, samples which were extracted from the selected regions and are characterized based on measurements of porosity, water absorption and abrasion loss coefficients. The experimental results showed a negligible variation of densities, demonstrated a linear correlation between connected porosity and overall water absorption. In addition, experimental result confirms that outcrops from Jebel Zaghouane, Jebel Hammam Zriba and Jebel Hammam Jedidi could be developed as construction materials.
Sociology teaching improvement possibilities: Analysis of the relation between qualifications frameworks at the secondary and tertiary level of education in Serbia
Authors: Ceriman Jelena , Bogdanovic-Sutkovic Violeta
Published: January 2020

The qualifications system reform in Serbia began in 2001, influenced
primarily by the establishment of the European Higher Education Area, which
created the preconditions for the development of a general framework for
higher education qualifications. The reform of the existing qualifications
system in Serbia required a response to the needs of the labor market, which
was developing under new socio-economic circumstances. Since the beginning
of the process, the development of a new system of qualifications has been
implemented through two separate activities - the development of
qualifications frameworks for secondary and higher education which remained
non-harmonized. Although the development of individual qualifications
frameworks for different levels of education is necessary for the
development of a national qualifications framework, we argue that the
separate frameworks remain incoherent to this day, that they do not
precisely define the qualifications required to move from one level of
education to another, when it comes to sociology as a subject, and that this
situation affects the profiling of future sociologists. In this paper, we
intend to problematize such an approach to the development of a general
qualifications framework through the analysis of the contents of a domestic
normative framework related to the general learning outcomes of teaching
sociology at secondary and tertiary levels of education.
Evidence Against an Important Role of Plasma Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations in the Increase in EGP Caused by SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Alatrach Mariam , Laichuthai Nitchakarn , Martinez Robert , Agyin Christina , Ali Ali Muhammed , Al-Jobori Hussein , Lavynenko Olga , Adams John , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph , Cersosimo Eugenio , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Sodium–glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) lower plasma glucose but stimulate endogenous glucose production (EGP). The current study examined the effect of dapagliflozin on EGP while clamping plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations at their fasting level. Thirty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes received an 8-h measurement of EGP ([3-3H]-glucose) on three occasions. After a 3-h tracer equilibration, subjects received 1) dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 26) or placebo (n = 12); 2) repeat EGP measurement with the plasma glucose concentration clamped at the fasting level; and 3) repeat EGP measurement with inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion with somatostatin infusion and replacement of basal plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations. In study 1, the change in EGP (baseline to last hour of EGP measurement) in subjects receiving dapagliflozin was 22% greater (+0.66 ± 0.11 mg/kg/min, P < 0.05) than in subjects receiving placebo, and it was associated with a significant increase in plasma glucagon and a decrease in the plasma insulin concentration compared with placebo. Under glucose clamp conditions (study 2), the change in plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations was comparable in subjects receiving dapagliflozin and placebo, yet the difference in EGP between dapagliflozin and placebo persisted (+0.71 ± 0.13 mg/kg/min, P < 0.01). Under pancreatic clamp conditions (study 3), dapagliflozin produced an initial large decrease in EGP (8% below placebo), followed by a progressive increase in EGP that was 10.6% greater than placebo during the last hour. Collectively, these results indicate that 1) the changes in plasma insulin and glucagon concentration after SGLT2i administration are secondary to the decrease in plasma glucose concentration, and 2) the dapagliflozin-induced increase in EGP cannot be explained by the increase in plasma glucagon or decrease in plasma insulin or glucose concentrations.
Impact of a Multidisciplinary, Endocrinologist-Led Shared Medical Appointment Model on Diabetes-Related Outcomes in an Underserved Population
Authors: Ganetsky Valerie S. , Long Judith A. , Mitra Nandita , Chaiyachati Krisda H. , Kaufman Steven T.
Published: January 2020

A multidisciplinary endocrinologist-led shared medical appointment (SMA) model showed statistically significant reductions in A1C from baseline over 3 years that were not significantly different from appointments with endocrinologists or primary care providers alone within a resource-poor population. Similarly, the SMA model achieved clinical outcomes on par with endocrinologist-only visits with the added benefit of improving endocrine provider productivity and specialty access for patients. Greater patient engagement with the SMA model was associated with significantly lower A1C.
Close and Distant. Political Executive-Media Relations in Four Countries
Authors: Larsen Elin Strand
Published: January 2020

Abstract in English: Close and Distant. Political Executive-Media Relations in Four CountriesElin Strand Larsen reviews Close and Distant. Political Executive-Media Relations in Four Countries. Edited by Karl Magnus Johansson and Gunnar Nygren, the book is based on a three-year long research project and analysis of the relationship between politicians, press secretaries and journalists in four countries – Finland, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. By conducting thorough, well-coordinated research and numerous research interviews (20–25 from each country), the research group has studied the interplay between government and media in the period 2014–2017. The anthology contains four country-specific chapters, as well as the following cross-national themes: government communication, social media, source-journalist relationships, mediatisation and political communication cultures.
Proceso de rendimiento académico con la identidad universitaria en argentinos, peruanos, mexicanos y costarricenses considerando factores de la neurociencia
Authors: Jiménez Galán Joel Luis , Mendoza Roaf Patricia Lorelei , Aimaretti Jorge Alberto , Flores Peña Pedro , Montalvo Vivanco Miguel Ángel , Mena Redondo Oscar
Published: January 2020

Como resultado del rendimiento académico que mantuvieron estudiantes de algunas universidades y su factor de riesgo hacia la ansiedad, se consideró la neurociencia en este trabajo de investigación. El objetivo fue identificar el rendimiento académico y los factores y habilidades pedagógicas bajo la identidad étnica universitaria de argentinos, peruanos, costarricenses y mexicanos y su relación con la ansiedad. Se analizó un total de 150 instrumentos y un universo de 1500 estudiantes mediante un diseño observacional multicéntrico, y fueron aplicados dos instrumentos de medición en la escalas de Medmar y de ansiedad de Hamilton, realizados bajo diferentes ambientes escolares de seis universidades latinoamericanas en el periodo 2018-2019. Los indicadores estadísticos sirvieron para medir las variables independientes y dependientes, tal y como morbilidad y afectivo emocional. Entre los principales datos se encontró que las habilidades pedagógicas y psicosociales respecto al rendimiento académico deben considerarse como algo integral. Además, un total de 90 % de los alumnos encuestados mostró un comportamiento de grupo casi normal, mientras que se detectó que 10 % de los alumnos manifestaban trastornos del estado de ánimo o trastornos del habla. Se concluye que las variables sobre el rendimiento académico, factores y habilidades psicosociales afectan las situaciones de aprovechamiento académico en su interacción con los programas académicos participantes, al manejarse un parámetro desde una leve hasta grave ansiedad, lo cual se demostró con los datos de consistencia interna, fiabilidad test-retest y validez concurrentesustentada en la neuroeducación.
PUBLIC GOVERNANCE CAPACITY IN THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniasih Denok , Israwan Setyoko Paulus
Published: January 2020

The Indonesian Government has encouraged the development of village-owned business as an alternative utilization of village transfer fund. The trust of the Indonesian government in the village government has been seen from the transfer of funds given to the village. This fund aims to develop their village. Building village-owned business should certainly be counterbalanced with a public accountability mechanism. This research aims at describing the capacity of public governance in the accountability system performed by public sector organization. This research also explores public capacity in supporting the accountability of BUMDes management from a cultural perspective. Village communities have distinct characteristics where not all systems can operate without local wisdom. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches and use questionnaire and interview guide as its instruments. This research is conducted in Banyumas and takes 41 village business units and informants consisting of village business manager, village official and villager elements as the samples. The data and information are analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis method with support of information analyzed using interactive analysis method. The research results show that public governance capacity in the accountability of village business management is still low. The opportunity of stakeholders’s involvement in public accountability system is not yet created by public organization. This is due to the strong patrenalistic culture among Indonesian society. The village community tends to give full trust and to the village government, especially the village head. This kind of patrenalistic culture opens opportunities for not optimal accountability horizontally. Consequently, the accountability only applies vertically. This research suggests improving the capacity of public governance in the accountability system of village-owned business management through optimizing stakeholders’ role in the accountability of Village-Owned Enterprise’s management.
The Logic Probability On Hadith (Counting Gender Occupants Of Heaven And Hell)
Authors: Wazna Ruhama , Ilyas Hamim
Published: January 2020

This study aims to explore probability as one of the new methods of understanding the hadith about the majority of women who inhabit hell by integrating the ratio of male and female hadith at the end of time as the counting scale. The use of the thematic-multidimensionality method, this study construed and elaborated the related hadith (al-jam'u bain al-adillah). The results of the study revealed that the more women than men in the world, affecting the majority of women as residents of heaven and hell, and vice versa, affecting the minority of men as residents of heaven and hell. It proves the misogyny assumed in the hadith was not essential. Thus, it is not appropriate if this hadith used as a tool to discredit women have a bad character so that they become the most occupants of hell than men, or conversely reject the hadith that is authentic only because of reasons contrary to reason