bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zum Theorienstreit im Recht der actio pro socio
Authors: Kumkar Lea Katharina
Published: February 2021

Die Rechtsfigur der actio pro socio gehört – nach wie vor – zu einem der umstrittensten Themengebiete des Gesellschaftsrechts. Die Auseinandersetzungen entzünden sich insbesondere an der Frage nach der dogmatischen Einordnung: Handelt es sich bei der actio pro socio um eine Klage aus eigenem (materiellen) Recht des Gesellschafters oder um eine Geltendmachung fremder Rechte der Gesellschaft in Prozessstandschaft? Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert, warum der aktuelle Streitstand um die Rechtsnatur der actio pro socio für die Lösung konkreter Anwendungsfragen nicht zielführend ist: Beide Theorien weisen so erhebliche methodische Mängel auf, dass sie sich nicht als Grundlage für weitergehende Schlussfolgerungen bzw. konkrete Problemlösungen eignen. Die Schwierigkeiten, eine übergreifende und konsistente dogmatische Fundierung für die actio pro socio zu entwickeln, lassen zudem den Schluss zu, dass es sich bei der actio pro socio gar nicht um eine homogene Rechtsfigur mit rechtsformübergreifend einheitlichen Voraussetzungen und Rechtsfolgen handelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund argumentiert der Beitrag gegen schematisch-verbandsrechtliche Lösungen und setzt sich stattdessen ein für ein stärker funktionenorientiertes, rechtsformspezifisches Verständnis der actio pro socio.
Is Safekeeping Drug Trafficking? The Singapore Court of Appeal’s Attempt to Delineate Role and Culpability in Drug Trafficking Offenses
Authors: Yang Kenny
Published: February 2021

Singapore is well known for its harsh stance against drug traffickers, with drug trafficking carrying some of the most severe penalties available in law. This includes the mandatory death penalty where the weight of the drug exceeds a statutory threshold. The act of trafficking is also broadly defined in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 and can encompass a wide range of activities. In a series of authoritative decisions since 1994, this has also included the act of safekeeping drugs for another.

However, the Singapore Court of Appeal revisited this definition in the recent decision of Ramesh a/l Perumal v Public Prosecutor [2019] 1 SLR 1003, finding that the act of safekeeping drugs does not fall under the definition of “trafficking.” As this paper argues, this new definition is an attempt by the Court of Appeal to better delineate the varying roles and culpability of those involved in the drug trade, but will have future implications for drug prosecutions and enforcement.
Long non‐coding RNA TINCR suppresses metastatic melanoma dissemination by preventing ATF4 translation
Authors: Melixetian Marine , Bossi Daniela , Mihailovich Marija , Punzi Simona , Barozzi Iros , Marocchi Federica , Cuomo Alessandro , Bonaldi Tiziana , Testa Giuseppe , Marine Jean‐Christophe , Leucci Eleonora , Minucci Saverio , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Lanfrancone Luisa
Published: February 2021

Transition from proliferative‐to‐invasive phenotypes promotes metastasis and therapy resistance in melanoma. Reversion of the invasive phenotype, however, is challenged by the poor understanding of mechanisms underlying its maintenance. Here, we report that the lncRNA TINCR is down‐regulated in metastatic melanoma and its silencing increases the expression levels of invasive markers, in vitro migration, in vivo tumor growth, and resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. The critical mediator is ATF4, a central player of the integrated stress response (ISR), which is activated in TINCR‐depleted cells in the absence of starvation and eIF2α phosphorylation. TINCR depletion increases global protein synthesis and induces translational reprogramming, leading to increased translation of mRNAs encoding ATF4 and other ISR proteins. Strikingly, re‐expression of TINCR in metastatic melanoma suppresses the invasive phenotype, reduces numbers of tumor‐initiating cells and metastasis formation, and increases drug sensitivity. Mechanistically, TINCR interacts with mRNAs associated with the invasive phenotype, including ATF4, preventing their binding to ribosomes. Thus, TINCR is a suppressor of the melanoma invasive phenotype, which functions in nutrient‐rich conditions by repressing translation of selected ISR RNAs.
A benign cause of hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman
Authors: Roque João José Nunes , Alves Irina Borisovna Samokhvalova , Rodrigues Ana Maria de Almeida Paiva Fernande , Bugalho Maria João
Published: February 2021

Menopause is a relative hyperandrogenic state but the development of hirsutism or virilizing features should not be regarded as normal. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with a 9-month history of progressive frontotemporal hair loss and hirsutism, particularly on her back, arms and forearms. Blood tests showed increased total testosterone of 5.20 nmol/L that remained elevated after an overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Free Androgen Index was 13.1 and DHEAS was repeatedly normal. Imaging examinations to study adrenals and ovaries were negative. The biochemical profile and the absence of imaging in favor of an adrenal tumor made us consider the ovarian origin as the most likely hypothesis. After informed consent, bilateral salpingectomy-oophorectomy and total hysterectomy were performed. Gross pathology revealed ovaries of increased volume and histology showed bilateral ovarian stromal hyperplasia. Testosterone levels normalized after surgery and hirsutism had completely subsided 8 months later.

Learning points:

Menopause is a relative hyperandrogenic state

Hirsutism and/or virilizing features, in a postmenopausal woman, should raise the hypothesis of a malignant cause

In the absence of an identifiable ovarian or adrenal tumor, the ovarian origin remains the most likely

Peripheral aromatization of excess androgen may conduct to high levels of estrogen increasing the risk of endometrial cancer

Bilateral oophorectomy results in significant clinical improvement.
Enhancing Waqf Accountability: Nazhir’s Perspective towards Waqf Reporting
Authors: Monica Sandra , Mukhlisin Murniati , Fatah Dede Abdul
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This study explores the best reporting form as a representation of waqf accountability through nazhir’s perspectives, i.e. waqf institutions in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the Analytic Network Process combined with Delphi. The results show that financial statements obtained from the first rank as the best reporting form. However, the waqf institutions could have difficulties in delivering a high-quality financial statement since there is a lack of understanding about the new waqf accounting standard that will be applied in 2021. The development of a comprehensive and down to earth guidance is crucial in helping the institutions apply the standard, with a help line as a backup. Continuous education and certification are also useful to enhance the skills of human resources in the waqf institutions concerning waqf management and accountability reporting. Keywords: Waqf Accountability; Waqf Reporting; Nazhir; ANP; Delphi method Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengksplorasi bentuk pelaporan terbaik sebagai representasi akuntabilitas wakaf, dilihat dari perspektif nazhir, yang dalam hal ini adalah institusi wakaf di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Analytic Network Process yang dikombinasikan dengan Delphi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa laporan keuangan yang diperoleh dari tingkat pertama adalah bentuk pelaporan terbaik. Akan tetapi, pemahaman institusi wakaf terhadap standar akuntansi wakaf terbaru yang akan diberlakukan pada tahun 2021 masih sangat kurang. Ini menyebabkan institusi wakaf mengalami kesulitan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan yang berkualitas baik. Pengembangan pedoman pelaporan yang komprehensif dan mudah dipahami diperlukan untuk membantu institusi wakaf. Hal ini perlu disertai layanan bantuan yang dapat diakses setiap saat. Pendidikan berkelanjutan dan sertifikasi juga dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan keahlian sumber daya manusia di institusi wakaf terkait manajemen wakaf dan pelaporan akuntabilitas.Kata kunci: Akuntabilitas Wakaf; Pelaporan Wakaf; Nazhir; ANP; Metode Delphi
Can the Implementation of Sharia Banks’ Roadmap Increase Their Performance? (Evidence from Indonesia 2012-2017)
Authors: Hendrawan Riko
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiency of 11 Sharia Banks in Indonesia and its impact on their performance. This study relies on the quarterly data from 2012-2017 and applied Data Envelopment Analysis to measure their performance. The result of the T-test shows that the P-value for two tail = 0.706. So based on this trend the P-value is greater than α = 0.05 (P-value> α). In the condition of P-value> α, H1 is rejected, meaning that there is no change in the value of efficiency between the period 2012-2014 and the period 2015-2017. This research shows that the efficiency of Islamic banking has not occurred during the implementation of the 2012-2017 Indonesian Sharia Banking Roadmap. Furthermore, the highest efficiency value during the period before implementation was 0.92 with an average efficiency value of 0.57. This means that during this period there was room to increase efficiency by 0.35. Meanwhile the period after implementing the highest efficiency value was 0.87 with an average efficiency value of 0.59. This means that during this period there was room to increase efficiency by 0.28. This means that during the 2012-2017 period, there was no significant difference in efficiency levels during the 2012-2014 period (before the implementation) and the 2015-2017 period (after the implementation of the Islamic banking road map). Keywords: DEA, Efficiency, Sharia Bank Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efisiensi dari 11 Bank Syariah di Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja bank tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data setiap kuartal selama tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2017 dan menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis untuk mengukur kinerja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa selama implementasi Roadmap, perbankan syariah belum menunjukan kenaikan efisiensi. Sementara itu, sebelum implementasi tersebut, nilai efisiensi tertinggi perbankan syariah sebesar 0,92, sedangkan rata-rata nilai efisiensinya sebesar 0,57. Ini berarti bahwa ada ruang untuk meningkatkan level efisiensi sebesar 0,35. Sedangkan pada periode implementasi, nilai efisiensi tertingi perbankan syariah sebesar 0,87, dan ratarata nilai efisiensinya sebesar 0,59. Ini berarti ada ruang untuk meningkatkan level efisiensi sebesar 0,28. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa, secara keseluruhan periode tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2017, hasil t-test menunjukan nilai P-value for two tail = 0.706. Ini berarti P-value> α, dan menolak H1, sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan level efisiensi selama periode 2012-2014 (sebelum implementasi) dan periode 2015 – 2017 (setelah implementasi) Kata kunci: DEA, Efisiensi, Bank Syariah
The first larval stage (Zoea I) description of the caridean shrimp Ogyrides occidentalis (Ortmann, 1893) (Alpheoidea: Ogyrididae) reveals congruence with taxonomic status
Authors: Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Mantelatto Fernando Luis , Costa Rogério Caetano
Published: February 2021

Abstract: A complete and detailed description of the first zoeal stage of Ogyrides occidentalis is provided. Larvae were obtained in the laboratory from a female with embryos collected in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The morphological characters are compared with previous description of the close related O. alphaerostris. Despite of some similarities (number of appendages, pleonites, and setae on the majority of appendages) substantial differences were found between the two species, as the size of larvae and rostrum and segmentation of some structures (antenna exopod, first maxilliped coxa and basis). However, these differences must be interpreted carefully because larval description of O. alphaerostris was conducted before the proposed standardization for decapod larval morphology descriptions. The present larval description furnished additional information to corroborate the recent resurrection of O. occidentalis and will be useful for future comparative and ecological research.
Qualidade da carne de frangos da linhagem Label Rouge suplementados com minerais biocomplexados e criados em sistema alternativo
Authors: Cruz F.L. , Miranda D.A. , Pontes L.L.B. , Rubim F.M. , Geraldo A. , Faria P.B.
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação com minerais biocomplexados sobre a qualidade da carne de frangos da linhagem Label Rouge, de ambos os sexos, criados em sistema alternativo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo três dietas (controle; 0,50ppm de selênio; 0,40ppm de cromo) e dois sexos. Para a estabilidade lipídica, foi utilizado o DIC, disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2x2), sendo três dietas, dois sexos e dois tempos de armazenamento (zero e 12 meses). Os parâmetros avaliados no peito e na coxa foram: pH final, cor (L* - luminosidade, a* - índice de vermelho, b* - índice de amarelo, C* - índice de saturação e h* - ângulo de tonalidade), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC) e estabilidade lipídica. Além disso, foram avaliadas a proporção das formas químicas da mioglobina da coxa e a quantificação do conteúdo de selênio no peito. Não houve efeito isolado da dieta sobre os parâmetros físicos e químicos do peito e da coxa e sobre a concentração de selênio no peito. As fêmeas apresentaram médias superiores de L* (57,57), b* (10,55) e C* (10,60) do peito; e os machos de L* (55,09) da coxa. Entre os machos, as aves alimentadas com a dieta controle e com cromo expressaram valores superiores de FC da coxa em relação às suplementadas com selênio; para o tratamento com cromo, os machos apresentaram média superior de FC da coxa e, em contrapartida, para o tratamento com selênio, as fêmeas manifestaram a maior média. As amostras submetidas ao período de 12 meses de armazenamento mostraram maiores valores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) em ambos os cortes. A suplementação com cromo e selênio biocomplexados não provocou alterações na qualidade da carne; as fêmeas demonstraram melhores atributos de qualidade da carne.
Integrative approach to a patient following rumenotomy ˗ case report
Authors: Oliveira R.A.S. , Souza V.P. , Dantas A.C. , Guimarães J.A. , Lima H.R. , Siqueira Filho R.S. , Lima E.R.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Concern with antimicrobial resistance in animal production systems increases the interest toward integrative therapies. The objective of the present report was to report an integrative approach to a goat undergoing rumenotomy. A goat with ruminal acidosis underwent rumenotomy, corrective rumen suture, moxibustion, and treatment of the surgical wound (TFO) with sugar. In the first twenty days, acupuncture was performed on ST36, indirect moxibustion on Sp6 and CV8, and TFO with antibiotic ointment and sugar. The wound contracted 2cm, there was gradual return of ruminal dynamics, and moderate pain. Acupuncture continued from D21 to D50 on Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23, and BL22. Although there was drainage of ruminal fluid, the wound contracted 4cm during this period, pain was absent, and ruminal dynamics normal. During the last thirty days, the acupuncture technique surround the dragon was used and BL13 point needled, with complete closure of the wound. The TFO from D21 was performed solely with sugar. During treatment, there was modulation of the inflammatory response, with formation of granulation tissue and neovascularization. On D84, fibrinogen was 100mg/dL. The authors conclude that the use of sugar, acupuncture, and moxibustion contributed to return of normal ruminal motility, wound contraction, and complete tissue reepithelization.
The longevity of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is determined by carbohydrate intake
Authors: Posidonio A.P.V. , Oliveira L.H.G. , Rique H.L. , Nunes F.C.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is the vector of several viral diseases. The main way to control these diseases is to fight the vector. Thus, it is necessary to breed mosquitoes in the laboratory in order to develop strategies to control these insects. In laboratories, different carbohydrates are used for feeding mosquitoes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the longevity and the weight of Ae. aegypti fed with different carbohydrates diets. As methods, 120 mosquitoes were distributed in insectaries and each group received a different diet, based on honey, dextrose or maltodextrin. To assess the longevity, survival analysis was performed using the Long Rank test and chi square test. To assess the weight, the dead insects were frozen and weighed at the end of the experiment. As results it was observed that mosquitoes fed with the honey, maltodextrin and dextrose diet lived on average 33, 35 and 47 days respectively. When weight was assessed, mosquitoes fed with honey weighed 125 ± (35.3) µg, while those fed with dextrose and maltodextrin weighed 225 ± (35.3) µg and 275 ± (35.3) µg respectively. The results show that the intake of dextrose and maltodextrin by Ae. aegypti adults increases their survival and their weight.
The presence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) in the Brazilian Coast ˗ case report
Authors: Tuna F.A.P. , Calixto F.A.A. , Salomão M.C. , Coutinho C.E.R. , Estanek K.R. , Mesquita E.F.M.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The occurrence of hyperostotic bones is common in marine fish, especially in the Carangidae family, despite few records of this condition in fishes from Brazilian waters. The present study describes the occurrence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish (Selene setapinnis) in, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Radiographs of the fish specimens were taken and all of them presented hyperostosis in at least three different regions: cleithrum, pterygiophores and pleural ribs. The observed pattern is different from previously described for other species of the same genus. It is the first record for the species and a valuable contribution to the study of bone diseases in fishes from the Brazilian coast.
Anatomic and histologic analysis of paca larynx (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766)
Authors: Ruaro M.A. , Machado M.R.F. , Garcia D.O. , Oliveira A.R. , Dias F.G.G. , Gomes S.P. , Leal L.M. , Sasahara T.H.C.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Paca (Cuniculus paca) has encouraged research as an experimental model both in the human medicine and veterinary, as well as the economic exploitation of its meat cuts, which favored its zootechnical use. There are no anatomical, microscopic descriptions and measurements of the larynx in this rodent. Eight pacas were dissected from the wild animal’s sector of the Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the University of the State of São Paulo. The larynx was observed located in the ventral region of the neck, ventral to the esophagus, connecting the pharynx to the trachea, with cylindrical and irregular shape. Laryngeal cartilages (epiglottic, thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid) are interconnected and have different shapes. Thyroid showed greater length and width, compared to the others. Laryngeal cartilages were submitted to histological processing and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The epiglottic cartilage was stained with toluidine blue. Laryngeal cartilages thyroid, cricoid and the lower portion of the arytenoids are of hyaline origin and, in contrast, the epiglottis and the upper portion of the arytenoids are elastic. This latter cartilage demonstrated taste buds. The results will be able to auxiliate in veterinary care and as well as the conservation programs for this rodent.
Métodos e aspectos operacionais de um estudo epidemiológico e de avaliação da Rede Cegonha
Authors: Boing Antonio Fernando , Lacerda Josimari Telino de , Boing Alexandra Crispim , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino , Saraiva Suelen , Tomasi Yaná Tamara , Natal Sonia , Pudla Kátia Jakovljevic , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia , Silva Vilson Rodrigues da , Nicolotti Celia Adriana , Machado Patricia Maria de Oliveira , Baratieri Tatiane
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever aspectos metodológicos e operacionais de um estudo epidemiológico e de avaliação da Rede Cegonha em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: A pesquisa realizada em 2019 foi composta de dois subestudos. No primeiro, cujo desenho foi epidemiológico e que analisou os cuidados recebidos no pré-natal, parto e puerpério imediato por gestantes, puérperas e crianças no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), são descritos os instrumentos de coleta dos dados e a organização da etapa de campo do estudo. O segundo foi uma avaliação normativa da gestão municipal na atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério no âmbito da Rede Cegonha. Iniciou-se com um estudo de avaliabilidade, seguido da avaliação propriamente dita. São descritas as diferentes estratégias metodológicas adotadas, com o envolvimento de stakeholders e especialistas. Resultados: A taxa de participação das mulheres entrevistadas no subestudo epidemiológico foi de 97,7%. Mulheres residentes em 82,7% dos municípios catarinenses foram entrevistadas. A amostra foi semelhante ao registrado no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) para o mesmo período, e o perfil da subamostra entrevistada após seis meses foi semelhante ao da amostra global. O estudo avaliativo desenvolveu e aplicou modelo com 32 indicadores, que permitiu analisar a gestão sob dois aspectos: político-organizacional e tático-operacional. Contou com a adesão de 204 municípios catarinenses (69,1%), avaliados segundo o porte populacional. Conclusão: A disponibilização de procedimentos metodológicos que possibilitem a articulação de estudos da epidemiologia e da avaliação em saúde permite gerar informações mais precisas e completas para contribuir para o delineamento e a avaliação de políticas, programas e ações de saúde do SUS.
Avaliação no Processo Ensino-Aprendizagem: uma Experiência Vivenciada
Authors: Ferreira Maria de Lourdes da Silva Marques
Published: February 2021

Resumo: A avaliação é fundamental no processo ensino-aprendizagem, pois fornece dados desse processo e permite prever objetivos, metodologia e conteúdo. Considerando a avaliação como um processo permanente da auto educação, este estudo objetivou avaliar como os alunos percebem sua participação no desenvolvimento do conteúdo teórico ministrado na área de ginecologia e identificar as dificuldades encontradas durante o processo educativo diário. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário aplicado diariamente. A maioria dos alunos classificou os recursos audiovisuais, clareza da exposição e desenvolvimento da aula, bem como a compreensão do conteúdo como ótimos. Consideraram-se motivados, e o professor-facilitador da aprendizagem pela objetividade e discussão crítica. Quanto à análise, as categorias emergidas foram duração do bloco teórico, considerada pequeno relacionamento professor aluno como fator de incentivo à aprendizagem; estratégica de ensino aprendizagem inovadora, comunicação adequada e avaliação diária importante. Considerou-se que os objetivos e os critérios da avaliação teórica permitiram aos alunos avaliar seu progresso, possibilitando adequar o ensino às suas necessidades, e o professor pode avaliar a efetividade de seu desempenho.
Atitudes de Graduandos em Medicina em relação a Aspectos Relevantes da Prática Médica
Authors: Troncon Luiz Ernesto de Almeida , Colares Maria de Fátima Aveiro , Figueiredo José Fernando Castro , Cianflone Ana Raquel Lucato , Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes Veronese , Piccinato Carlos Eli , Peres Luiz Cesar
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Por quatro anos consecutivos, avaliaram-se as atitudes de formandos em Medicina frente a aspectos relevantes ao exercício dessa profissão. Como as turmas avaliadas correspondiam a dois diferentes currículos, foi avaliado o possível efeito de uma reformulação curricular sobre as atitudes dos estudantes. Empregou-se escala do tipo Likert validada e testada, com 52 itens agrupados em seis fatores. Não houve diferenças consideráveis entre as quatro turmas, o que permitiu agrupar os resultados dos quatro anos em um conjunto único de 317 graduandos. Os resultados revelaram atitudes predominantemente positivas frente a 1) aspectos emocionais em doenças orgânicas; 2) atenção primária à saúde; 3) outros aspectos da atuação médica na comunidade. Foram detectadas atitudes indefinidas ou conflitantes frente a ;4) morte ;5) doença mental; 6) contribuição do médico ao avanço científico de Medicina. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as turmas correspondentes aos dois currículos de graduação. Concluiu-se que os graduandos em Medicina apresentam atitudes positivas frente a três dois seis aspectos abordados, o que indica consecução dos correspondentes objetivos educacionais. A ausência de diferenças entre os graduandos das duas estruturas curriculares sugere que as tendências atitudinais detectadas refletem valores mais arraigados na cultura da instituição. A ausência de atitudes claramente positivas frente a alguns dos aspectos avaliados segura a necessidade de intervenções educacionais específicas.
Raciocínio clínico: percepções e práticas de estudantes de medicina
Authors: Landim Daniel Moreira Paes , Moreno-Neto José Luiz , Soares Jorgana Fernanda de Souza
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Introdução: Em tempos de ameaças constantes ao financiamento destinado à manutenção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), faz-se necessário debruçar o olhar sobre a prática médica, sobretudo no que tange ao alto custo que o emprego desnecessário de exames complementares ocasiona à saúde pública. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as percepções sobre o raciocínio clínico (RC) e as respectivas práticas entre estudantes de Medicina (EM) de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 12 EM. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com gravação de áudio. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade análise temática. Resultados: A maioria dos EM compreendeu o RC como sinônimo de raciocínio diagnóstico, pois os discentes o praticavam como uma junção da utilização de dados da anamnese, do exame físico e de exames complementares, e realizavam raciocínio terapêutico como base em aspectos como diagnóstico do paciente, sintomatologia, comorbidades, alergia e adesão terapêutica. Além disso, os EM demonstraram conhecimento teórico-conceitual superficial sobre o tema. Conclusão: As percepções e práticas dos EM sobre o RC revelaram aspectos relevantes do contexto prático do internado na referida universidade, os quais podem subsidiar novas discussões e oportunizar a realização de outras pesquisas sobre o tema.
Chronotype change in university students in the health area with excessive daytime sleepiness
Authors: Kintschev Marília Rocha , Shimada Suellen Suemi , Silva Maria Olivia da , Barros Yara Viñé de , Hoffmann-Santos Hugo Dias
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by an increased likelihood of initiating sleep at inappropriate times through involuntary naps and it negatively impacts performance in studies, work, family, and social relationships and increases the risk of accidents. Objective: This study evaluated the schedule and prevalence of EDS and its associated factors in medical students (using the PBL method), comparing it with students from other health courses (using the Traditional method). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1152 university students who were attending courses in the health area. The presence of EDS was defined when scores >10 in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the chronotype was assessed by means of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Using Stata 13.0 software, descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including interactions to fit the model. Results: The prevalence of EDS was 56.5% (95% CI, 53.6-59.4), and the mean ESS score was 11.1 (95% CI, 10.8-11.3). This value was lower among those who had morning chronotypes and was higher among medical students. 10.3% (n=119) of the students had a chronotype that was incompatible with the period of the course. The associated and independent factors for EDS were: female gender (PR, 1.14, 95% CI, 1.01-1.29), age between 16 and 19 years (PR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04-1.39), studying late at night and using cell phones before falling asleep (PR, 1.56, 95% CI, 1.02-2.38), not doing weekly physical activity (PR, 1.13, 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), and morning chronotype (PR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76-0.99). Not using cell phones before bedtime reduced the prevalence of EDS by 14%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the morning chronotype behaved as an independent protective factor for disorders of the circadian cycle. Performing weekly physical activity reduces EDS among students with intermediate and evening chronotypes.
Fluxo de internação por COVID-19 nas regiões de saúde do Brasil
Authors: Silva Everton Nunes da , Soares Fernando Ramalho Gameleira , Frio Gustavo Saraiva , Oliveira Aimê , Cavalcante Fabrício Vieira , Matins Natália Regina Alves Vaz , Oliveira Klébya Hellen Dantas , Pereira Claudia Cristina de Aguiar , Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Sanchez Mauro Niskier , Herkrath Fernando José , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Investigar os fluxos de internações por COVID-19 nas 450 regiões e 117 macrorregiões de saúde brasileiras no período de março a outubro de 2020. Método: Estudo descritivo, compreendendo todas as internações por COVID-19 registradas no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) entre a 8ª e a 44ª semanas epidemiológicas de 2020. Foi calculada a proporção das internações por COVID-19 realizadas pelos residentes que ocorreram dentro da sua respectiva região de saúde, estratificado segundo períodos de maior e menor demanda de internações e segundo o porte populacional das regiões de saúde. Foi calculado o indicador de eficácia migratória, que leva em consideração a evasão e invasão de pacientes, por meio do cruzamento dos dados de origem dos pacientes (região de saúde de residência) com os dados do local da realização das internações (região de saúde de atendimento). Resultados: Foram identificadas 397.830 internações por COVID-19 no Brasil. A evasão foi de 11,9% dos residentes nas regiões de saúde e de 6,8% nas macrorregiões; o padrão que se manteve também no período de pico das internações por COVID-19. Houve em média 17,6% de evasão dos residentes das regiões de saúde do Nordeste e de 8,8% nas regiões de saúde do Sul. A evasão foi mais acentuada nas regiões de saúde com até 100 mil/hab. (36,9%), a qual foi 7 vezes maior que a verificada nas regiões de saúde com mais de 2 milhões/habitantes (5,2%). O indicador de eficácia migratória negativo (-0,39) indicou predomínio da evasão. Das 450 regiões de saúde brasileiras, 117 (39,3%) apresentaram coeficiente de eficácia migratória entre -1 e -0,75 e 113 (25,1%) entre -0,75 e -0,25. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a regionalização do sistema de saúde mostrou-se adequada na organização do atendimento no território, porém as longas distâncias percorridas ainda são preocupantes
Percepção de enfermeiros acerca da colaboração interprofissional em um serviço de urgência e emergência hospitalar
Authors: Vasconcelos Raissa Ottes , Mazzi Nathalia Romeu De , Fonseca Karoline Zem , Silva Jaqueline Alcântara Marcelino da , Agreli Heloise Fernandes , Leonello Valéria Marli
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de enfermeiros acerca da colaboração interprofissional em um serviço de urgência e emergência hospitalar. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um hospital público do estado de São Paulo. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas com enfermeiros e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: a colaboração foi identificada em situações mais complexas, relacionadas a procedimentos e ações técnicas. Há fragilidades na comunicação, conflitos nas relações interpessoais e pouca compreensão acerca dos papéis profissionais. A realização de ações comuns a outros profissionais é frequentemente assumida pelo enfermeiro. Considerações finais: destaca-se o papel do enfermeiro como centralizador de ações, mostrando-se necessário avançar no reconhecimento dos papéis profissionais e na comunicação interprofissional. Acredita-se que a construção de espaços para a discussão de casos e construção de ações colaborativas afirma-se como estratégia necessária à colaboração interprofissional.
The tentacles of majoritarianism: How far can they reach into retrenchment?
Authors: Le Roux Rochelle
Published: February 2021

Majoritarianism enables a trade union with a majority in the workplace to prevail over minority unions and their members as well as non-unionised employees and to limit some of the minority’s rights, including the right to strike. This article revisits the basic tenets of majoritarianism and calls for a more nuanced distinction between legislative provisions giving special privileges to majority unions and those provisions that enable majority unions to prevail over minority unions. Ultimately, the focus of the article is on the interface between majoritarianism and retrenchment. While it argues that there is legitimate scope for a collective agreement concluded after retrenchment consultations to be extended to the members of minority unions, the article expresses reservations whether a collective agreement regarding the identity of consulting parties in the case of retrenchment can similarly be extended. Nonetheless, the article concedes that the model of majoritarianism informing the Labour Relations Act (LRA) possibly lacks the subtlety to accommodate this distinction.
Arbitration of labour disputes in Mauritius
Authors: Hossen Rashid
Published: February 2021

The evolution of labour law on Mauritius started with the repeal of the “code noir” (literally the black code) which was introduced in France in 1685 and extended to the island in 1723. It contained inhumane provisions that treated a slave as merchandise, as the property of his master which was subject to a list of punishments for not obeying the orders of the latter. Freedom of movement was then a crime.
The evasion of Section 187(1)(c) of the Labour Relations Act: National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa v Aveng Trident Steel (a division of Aveng Africa Proprietary Ltd) (JA25/18) [2019] ZALAC 36; (2019) 40 ILJ 2024 (LAC); [2019] 9 BLLR 899 (LAC)
Authors: Keith-Bandath Rasheed
Published: February 2021

Section 187(1)(c) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA), has over the years proven to be a controversial section. At the heart of the controversy is the question as to whether an employer may terminate employees’ contracts of employment based on operational requirements in circumstances where they refuse to accept changes to terms and conditions of employment. This question came before the courts on a number of occasions and answered in the affirmative by the Labour Appeal Court in Fry’s Metals (Pty) Ltd v National Union of Metalworkers of SA ((2003) 21 ILJ 133 (LAC)), and confirmed on appeal by the Supreme Court of Appeal in National Union of Metalworkers of SA v Fry’s Metals (Pty) Ltd (2005 (5) SA 433 (SCA)). However, the LRA has since been amended with the Labour Relations Amendment Act 6 of 2014 (LRAA). Whether an employer may, in light of the amendments, adopt this approach, was recently considered by the LabourAppeal Court in National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa v Aveng Trident Steel (a division of Aveng Africa Proprietary Ltd) ((JA25/18) [2019] ZALAC 36; (2019) 40 ILJ 2024 (LAC); [2019] 9 BLLR 899 (LAC) (13 June 2019) (Aveng case (LAC)). The judgment is noteworthy as it is the first time that the Labour Appeal Court (LAC) delivered judgment relating to section 187(1)(c) of the LRA post-amendment, thus providing a degree of judicial certainty on the interpretation to be accorded to the amended section.
METHOD FOR CALCULATING STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE CORDS
Authors:   Far Eastern State Technical University of Fisheries, Osipov E.V. , Syumakov G.V. ,   Far Eastern State Technical University of Fisheries; LLC “Marine Supply”
Published: February 2021

The method for calculating the strength characteristics of a polyethylene cord taking into account the design and based on the study of its destruction processes was described. The calculation method includes determin-ing the actual inner diameter of the braid, which allows identifying the effective layout of the cord braid and to determine the possibility of core and cord joint work, which ensures maximum breaking load of polyeth-ylene cords. To determine the diameter of the core formed by the threads the optimal ratios were used. The formulas for determining the ratio of the braid and core threads length were obtained, which allow to determine the utilization coefficient of braid threads included in the fracture process. The deviation of the results of calculated values due to the proposed method and experimental data do not exceed 3–5%. The proposed method can be used to calculate the strength characteristics of polyethylene cords, in which the joint work of the core and braid threads is structurally possible at break.
DEVELOPMENT OF BALSAM TECHNOLOGY BASED ON ALCOHOL INFUSIONS FROM WILD PLANTS OF KAMCHATKA REGION
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Blagonravova M.V.
Published: February 2021

A recipe and technology for the production of balms from plant raw materials from Kamchatka region are discussed. A panel of descriptors as well as taste and aroma portraits of the ‟perfect” balm was developed. A sample that matches the profile of the ‟ideal” drink was identified. It is shown that the developed balm fully meets the requirements of the standard. The study results of the biological value of the drink were men-tioned. The product contains 0.27 g/100 cm3 of acids, iodine is in the amount of 1.52 mcg/100 cm3 and vita-min C is 0.1019 mg%.
THE KELP SPECIES OF WESTERN KAMCHATKA
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klochkova N.G. , Klimova A.V. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klochkova T.A. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: February 2021

Western Kamchatka is still poorly studied in floristic and fishing aspects and there is no accurate understand-ing on the boundaries of different kelp species distribution in the area. During the 2020 field study in the coastal area located from Cape Ambon to the mouth of Utholok river, including the area proximate to Ptichiy Island, we found 5 kelp species, including Phyllariella ochotensis, Pseudolessonia laminarioides, Laminaria inclinatorhiza, Saccharina latissima, and Alaria esculenta sensu lato. The first 3 species are endemic to the mainland coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. A special search off the coast of southwestern Kamchatka for another Okhotsk endemic species, Laminaria appressirhiza, showed that it was absent. A representative of the Ber-ing Sea kelp flora Hedophyllum bongardianum does not occur on western Kamchatka north of 51°N. The morphometric characteristics of plants belonging to different age groups and morphological features typical for Western Kamchatka’s populations of these species are discussed. Additionally, the molecular phylogeny of L. appressirhiza and H. bongardianum collected from the Sea of Okhotsk are discussed. As shown, the first species belongs to the genus Laminaria. From a commercial point of view, this coastal area was estimated as unpromising for the organization of kelp collection by a traditional manual method.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THERMAL-IMAGING ANALYSIS AND CONTROL METHODS
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Eshchenko D.V. , Nikitin A.T. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University, Belov O.A. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The process of operation of any technical objects is inevitably associated with a change in their technical condition and a decrease in operational characteristics. At the same time, the requirements for quality assur-ance of the specified reliability parameters and safety of various technical systems throughout the entire pe-riod of operation are constantly increasing. One of the ways to solve the given problem is integration to the technological process of various types of equipment of new means and methods of technical diagnostics [GOST (State standard) 20911-89, GOST (State standard) 13372-2013]. One of such perspective methods is the thermographic study of objects. In this paper, we experimentally evaluated the main means of thermal imaging control and methods of their application on certain types of equipment.
Sustainable Development in Canada’s Arctic Territories: Goals and Results
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Sakharov Andrei , Andronova Inna ,   Peoplesʼ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: February 2021

The sustainable development agenda is gaining singular prominence in the context of studying development challenges in the Arctic. This region is particularly vulnerable to climate change and its ramifications and faces, due to its geographical remoteness, some of the greatest challenges in terms of the socio-economic aspects highlighted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article reviews the experience of Canada, as a large northern country with vast territories and water areas beyond the Arctic Circle, in implementing national strategies and programmes for the development of its Arctic territories. The article identifies effective policy measures to create favourable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development through an analysis of the actual dynamics of key sustainable development indicators in Canada’s northern territories.Socio-economic development of the northern territories — Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon — is one of the key priorities of Canada’s strategic development plans. These include the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, the Northern Strategy and the Arctic and Northern Policy document. The following indicators were selected to analyze the implementation of these plans: population dynamics, life expectancy, gross regional product (GRP), unemployment rate, level of education of the population, share of economically active population, labour productivity, balance of regional budgets, federal subsidies in the structure of regional budgets, number of educational institutions, share of new renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity production, greenhouse gas emissions per capita, and hydrocarbons extraction.
Saving the SDGs? Strengthening partnership for achieving SDGs in the Post-Covid-19 Digital World
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research (CIIR), Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Larionova Marina ,   Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: February 2021

The 2020, intended to give a good start to the Decade of Action to achieve SDGs by the target date of 2030, became a year of unprecedented health, social and economic crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic plunged the world into the worst global recession since the Great Depression, reversed progress across the full range of the SDGs jeopardizing the Agenda 2030 implementation. To build back better it is vital to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and reflect on how to reenergize partnerships for saving the SDGs. This article aims to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and offer recommendations on international cooperation and partnerships for saving the SDGs. It article reviews estimates of the triple crisis toll on the goals implementation. It then looks at the key international institutions’ initiatives to support developing countries in their response to the pandemic and associated economic shocks. The article concludes by outlining priorities for strengthening international cooperation on sustainable development which include incorporation of key components of digitalization into the SDGs as concrete targets and indicators and a comprehensive G20-led debt relief initiative providing for the released funds allocation to poverty and inequality eradication, health and education - related SDGs.
Digitalization of the Economy in the Context of the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals: An Overview of Key Expert Reports in 2019
Authors:   Department of Economic History and History of Economic Thought, Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Maltsev Alexander ,   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural branch, Maltseva Vera ,   Centre for Skills Development and Vocational Education, Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: February 2021

This review examines the key 2019 expert reports on the digitalization of the global economy in the context of the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting the beneficial overall impact of digitalization on the implementation of the key SDGs in relation to reduced poverty and misery, and increased social equality and ecological balance, the authors of the reports focus on the challenges that digitalization poses. Among the most important are: the threat of increasing social inequality as a result of the new international division of labour, the hyper-concentration of the digital market, the growing digital inequality, the threat to information security, and the weakening of the regulatory capacity of the state. The authors of the reports note that digitalization is a controversial process that can both help to achieve the SDGs and unwittingly hinder their implementation. In order for digitalization to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs, targeted and coordinated intergovernmental policy involving national and business stakeholders is important.
Review of the IMF Working Paper “Tec(h)tonic Shifts: Taxing the “Digital Economy”
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Shelepov Andrei
Published: February 2021

The working paper is devoted to the issues of taxation in the digital economy. The main focus is on the concept of "user value". The authors argue that the widespread adoption of this concept has led to developing new approaches to calculating this value and the subsequent taxation of companies that profit from the use of user data. The working paper examines the steps taken at the country level to develop taxation based on user value and the difficulties of implementing the concept. Nevertheless, the authors come to the conclusion that reforming the global tax system in this direction is inevitable.