bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-situating organizational knowledge: Violence, intersectionality and the privilege of partial perspective
Authors: Harris Kate Lockwood
Published: August 2016

Scholars have called repeatedly for more nuanced understandings of power and organizational knowledge, but researchers have yet to integrate available critical frameworks that could link these concepts. Moreover, existing analyses of power in organizational knowledge tend to focus on role differences but do not yet consider how social differences – including gender, race and sexuality – shape knowledge. Working from a practice-based approach, I draw upon standpoint theory and intersectionality to show how whiteness, masculinity and heteronormativity are embedded in organizational knowledge. I construct this argument using a case study at a US university known for having some of the best systems for building organizational knowledge about sexual violence on campus. I argue that the university’s practices – specifically those related to interpretation and definition – mask heterogeneity in knowledge across the university. I also show how practices give the university’s knowledge the appearance of neutrality and, subsequently, can unintentionally defer important organizational actions.
Organizational support for the workforce and employee safety citizenship behaviors: A social exchange relationship
Authors: Reader Tom W , Mearns Kathryn , Lopes Claudia , Kuha Jouni
Published: August 2016

Employee safety citizenship behaviors are crucial to risk management in safety-critical industries, and identifying ways to encourage them is a priority. This study examines (i) whether safety citizenship behaviors are a product of social exchanges between employees and organizations, and (ii) the organizational exchanges (i.e. actual activities to support employees) that underlie this relationship. We studied this in the offshore oil and gas industry, and investigated whether organizational activities for supporting workforce health are a signal to employees that the organization supports them, and an antecedent to safety citizenship behaviors. Using questionnaires, we collected data from employees ( n = 820) and medics ( n = 30) on 22 offshore installations. Multi-level path analysis found that where activities to support workforce health were greater, offshore employees were more likely to perceive their organization to support them, and in turn report more commitment to the organization and safety citizenship behaviors. This indicates safety citizenship behaviors are a product of social exchange, and provides insight on how organizations can influence employee engagement in them. It also suggests social exchange theory as a useful framework for investigating how organizational safety is influenced by workforce relations. We contributed to the social exchange literature through conceptualizing and demonstrating how organizational exchanges lead to reciprocal employee citizenship behaviors.
LPS-matured CD11c+ bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can initiate autoimmune pathology with minimal injection site inflammation
Authors: Saul Louise , Besusso Dario , Mellanby Richard J
Published: August 2016

The pathogenesis of human autoimmune disorders is incompletely understood. This has led to the development of numerous murine models in which the pathogenesis of autoimmunity can be probed and the efficacy of novel therapies can be tested. One of the most widely-used murine models of autoimmunity is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To induce autoimmune pathology, mice are often immunized with an autoantigen alongside an adjuvant, typically complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Unfortunately, CFA causes significant inflammation at the site of administration. Despite the well-recognized complication of injection site inflammation, CFA with autoantigen immunization is widely used to induce central nervous system autoimmunity. We performed a literature review which allowed us to estimate that over 10,000 mice were immunized with CFA in published EAE studies in 2013. In this study, we demonstrated that subcutaneously administered myelin basic protein (MBP)-pulsed CD11c+ bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) were as effective at inducing EAE as subcutaneously administered MBP plus CFA. Importantly, we also discovered that the CD11c+ BMDC caused significantly less injection site inflammation than MBP plus CFA immunization. This study demonstrated that the use of CD11c+ BMDC can enable the development of autopathogenic T-cells to be studied in vivo without the unwanted side-effects of long-lasting injection site inflammation. This model represents a significant refinement to existing EAE models and may lead to the improvement of the welfare of experimental mice used to study the development of autoimmunity in vivo.
Tracing Airline Travelers for a Public Health Investigation
Authors: Regan Joanna J. , Jungerman M. Robynne , Lippold Susan A. , Washburn Faith , Roland Efrosini , Objio Tina , Schembri Christopher , Gulati Reena , Edelson Paul J. , Alvarado-Ramy Francisco , Pesik Nicki , Cohen Nicole J.
Published: August 2016

Objective.

CDC routinely conducts contact investigations involving travelers on commercial conveyances, such as aircrafts, cargo vessels, and cruise ships.

Methods.

The agency used established systems of communication and partnerships with other federal agencies to quickly provide accurate traveler contact information to states and jurisdictions to alert contacts of potential exposure to two travelers with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) who had entered the United States on commercial flights in April and May 2014.

Results.

Applying the same process used to trace and notify travelers during routine investigations, such as those for tuberculosis or measles, CDC was able to notify most travelers of their potential exposure to MERS-CoV during the first few days of each investigation.

Conclusion.

To prevent the introduction and spread of newly emerging infectious diseases, travelers need to be located and contacted quickly.
Continuum of Care Among People Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection in New York City, 2014
Authors: Xia Qiang , Shah Dipal , Gill Balwant , Torian Lucia V. , Braunstein Sarah L.
Published: August 2016

Objective.

The HIV care continuum outlines the steps from HIV infection to diagnosis, linkage to care, and viral suppression among people living with HIV. We examined data for steps along the HIV care continuum among people living with perinatally acquired infection in New York City using surveillance data.

Methods.

This study included data for people who acquired HIV infection perinatally and lived in New York City as of December 31, 2014. We defined “in care” as having ≥1 CD4 or viral load test in 2014, “in continuous care” as having ≥2 CD4 or viral load tests ≥3 months apart in 2014, and “virally suppressed” as having a viral load of ≤200 copies per milliliter in the most recent test in 2014. We estimated factors associated with viral suppression from a weighted log-binomial regression model that included sex, race/ethnicity, age, and country of birth as independent variables.

Results.

As of December 31, 2014, an estimated 1,596 people were living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in New York City. All were diagnosed, 96% were in care, 80% were in continuous care, and 61% were virally suppressed. The multivariable analysis showed significant differences in viral suppression by race/ethnicity and age. Black patients (59%, 534/907) were the least likely of all racial/ethnic groups examined to have a suppressed viral load. By age, compared with 73% (80/109) of children aged 0–12 years who were virally suppressed, 58% (568/987) of adults aged 20–29 years and 56% (54/96) of adults aged 30–39 years were virally suppressed; the adjusted prevalence ratio was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 0.92) for those aged 20–29 years and 0.79 (95% CI 0.63, 0.99) for those aged 30–39 years.

Conclusion.

The low level of viral suppression among people living with perinatally acquired infection found in this study warrants further exploration to identify the best management strategies to improve viral suppression in this population, especially those transitioning from pediatric to adult health care.
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction for Employed Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Li Jian , Roessler Richard T. , Rumrill Phillip D. , Ahmed Emtiaz R.
Published: August 2016

Given the high unemployment rates of adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the importance of job satisfaction as a predictor of turnover intention and job tenure, this investigation examined the relationship of perceived job satisfaction to social cognitive career theory and ecological model constructs. Highly compatible, the two formulations suggest that extent of job satisfaction is a function of personal or demographic, contextual or extrinsic, disability/health status, and self-perceived vocational situation variables. Based on responses to a national survey by 628 employed adults with MS, a four-block, hierarchical logistic regression analysis examined the extent to which the four variable groupings contributed to the prediction of job satisfaction. The following variables were retained in the regression equation: racial/ethnic status, satisfaction with current financial status, satisfaction with housing accessibility, illness duration, extent of job/person match, appropriateness of current work hours, and self-rated job performance level. Consequently, job satisfaction is influenced by multiple factors that counselors must consider in their rehabilitation planning and service delivery.
Oliver Sacks and migraine
Authors: Haan Joost , Kaptein Ad A , ter Meulen Bastiaan C
Published: August 2016

Background

Oliver Sacks (1933–2015) published a large number of books on a variety of neurological topics. Of these, numerous copies have been sold and they probably serve as the only or main source of information on neurological diseases for many persons without a medical background. His first book was on migraine and in his subsequent books many descriptions of migraine can be found, mainly those of auras.

Methods

We explored the descriptions of migraine in Sacks’ work in order to evaluate the image of migraine offered to the readers.

Conclusion

Oliver Sacks gave wonderful descriptions of migraine auras, but hardly any of migraine headache. Furthermore, he described rare auras such as ‘amusia’ and olfactory auras. Overall, this makes his descriptions of migraine not very useful to serve as medical information for laypersons. Oliver Sacks, however, wrote great literature.
Buskers of New Orleans: Transgressive Sociology in the Urban Underbelly
Authors: Marina Peter
Published: August 2016

This article is based on extensive ethnographic research involving living and working on the urban fringes of the postindustrial, tourist-intensive economy of New Orleans. As this late modern metropolis has experienced great structural transformations, and as new urban dwellers have emerged with their own unique cultural solutions to the structural problems posed in late modernity, this work captures the culture of urban dwellers living on the social periphery of New Orleans. The analysis reveals the less-seen spaces of New Orleans, intimately depicting the social life of the new creative urban buskers through sociological analysis and reflexive ethnographic interpretation. Revealing the underbelly of New Orleans requires not only traditional interviews and participant observation but also full immersion into the subcultures of buskers through my performing on the streets with buskers in the tourist economy as they carve out creative and transgressive lives on the urban fringes.
Experimental investigation of effects of suction side squealer tip on the aeroelastic stability of a linear oscillating compressor cascade
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Jin Chao , Wei Wei
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the unsteady tip flow characteristics and their effects on the aeroelastic stability of a linear oscillating compressor cascade experimentally. Two test cases with different tip clearance configurations were tested, including a suction side squealer configuration and a control test. The unsteady pressure on the blade surface was measured at three blade vibration frequencies, and then was utilized to establish the aero-damping of the cascade. The results show that the impact of suction side squealer tip clearance on the tip clearance flow mainly exists at the region where it rolls up, and the unsteady flow induced by the vibration blade has no effect on the time-averaged result. In tip area of the blade, the leakage vortex plays a dominant role in determining the distribution of the first harmonic of unsteady static pressure. Compared with the baseline test case, the suction side squealer tip geometry exhibits better aerodynamic stability at high oscillating frequency. The aerodynamic response (phase angle) of the leakage flow lags behind the vibration of blade, and its streamwise variation implies strongly associated with the development of the tip leakage vortex. The spanwise three-dimensional unsteady characteristic of suction side squealer tip geometry is more obvious than that of the baseline test case.
Aerodynamic and stability analysis of personal vehicle in tandem-wing configuration
Authors: Goetzendorf-Grabowski Tomasz , Figat Marcin
Published: August 2016

The paper presents a concept of tandem-wing configuration aircraft that was a Warsaw University of Technology proposal for the personal air transport system. The project was developed at Warsaw University of Technology, within the PPLANE project (FP7 – Personal Plane: Assessment and Validation of Pioneering Concepts for Personal Air Transport Systems). First, analysis of the general concept, advantages and disadvantages of tandem-wing configuration, and possible application as a personal air transport system vehicle are presented. Next, aerodynamic design is analyzed and dynamic stability is tested. All numerical analyses were made by use of the well-tested professional software for aerodynamic (MGAERO) and stability (SDSA) analyses.
The Impact of Introducing Restorative Care on Client Outcomes and Health System Effectiveness in an Integrated Health Authority
Authors: O’Brien Kelli , Welsh Darlene , Barnable Alexia , Wiseman Glen , Colbourne Andrea
Published: August 2016

To support the transition from hospital to community for adults 65 years and older, a restorative care unit was introduced within a regional health authority in Newfoundland and Labrador. A pre-post study design was used to evaluate the impacts of restorative care. This article describes the impact of restorative care on client outcomes and health system utilization. All patients discharged from restorative care during the first year of operation were included in the study. A total of 54 clients were discharged during the first year, with 70% being discharged to a community setting. Consistent with previous studies, statistically significant improvements were noted in function as measured using the modified Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living and fear of falling as measured using the Fall Efficacy Scale–International. The number of alternate level of care patients in acute care and their length of acute care stay did not decrease during our study period. However, an interesting change was observed: The number of applications for long-term care initiated in acute care decreased. Further examination of the long-term outcomes of discharged patients and of the factors influencing health system outcomes is suggested.
The value of environmental communication research
Authors: Brevini Benedetta
Published: August 2016

Is environmental communication research returning something of value to society? Is it interdisciplinary enough? This article charts the recent rise and development of environmental communication, its successes and failures to produce public value. As the environmental crisis is the most crucial social and political issue of our time, there is a pressing need for environmental communication to engage with questions that are already familiar to scholars in media studies: questions about inequalities in power and resources – specifically among the gatekeepers influencing and shaping environmental communication – but also questions about the materiality of communication systems as environmentally hazardous machines.
Alcoholic liver disease on the intensive care unit – Outcomes and prognostication
Authors: Beck James I , Staicu Anca , Everett Simon M , Jackson Phil
Published: August 2016

Background

Hospital admissions with decompensated chronic alcoholic liver disease have been increasing, leading to increased pressure on intensive care unit services. We aimed to determine the outcome and prognostic factors for patients with alcoholic liver disease requiring admission to intensive care unit.

Methods

This was a retrospective study over 5 years (January 2006–December 2010) of all intensive care unit admissions with alcoholic liver disease to either of the two Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust general intensive care units. A detailed case note review was conducted based on a pre-established proforma. Eighty-two patients included. Primary outcome was hospital mortality.

Results

The overall intensive care unit and hospital mortality were 46% and 67%, respectively. Hospital mortality in patients successfully discharged from intensive care unit with the intent of recovery remained high at 21%. Variceal bleed was the only indicator that had a mortality <60%. Factors which suggested a poor outcome included sepsis (86% mortality) and hepato-renal syndrome (86% mortality). A Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of greater than 10 on intensive care unit admission was associated with 97% hospital mortality. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score increased from a mean of 10.9–12.5 in those that did not survive hospital. Patients with first alcoholic liver disease related admission had poorer outcomes.

Conclusion

These results are similar to previous studies with no significant improvement in outcomes. Alcoholic liver disease is not a contra-indication to intensive care unit admission but assessment of the individual patient is required. The most appropriate objective factors to guide prognostication are the presenting intensive care unit diagnosis and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. First presentation of alcoholic liver disease is not a positive prognostic indicator.
Zebrafish P54 RNA helicases are cytoplasmic granule residents that are required for development and stress resilience
Authors: Zampedri Cecilia , Tinoco-Cuellar Maryana , Carrillo-Rosas Samantha , Diaz-Tellez Abigail , Ramos-Balderas Jose Luis , Pelegri Francisco , Maldonado Ernesto
Published: August 2016

Stress granules are cytoplasmic foci that directly respond to the protein synthesis status of the cell. Various environmental insults, such as oxidative stress or extreme heat, block protein synthesis; consequently, mRNA will stall in translation, and stress granules will immediately form and become enriched with mRNAs. P54 DEAD box RNA helicases are components of RNA granules such as P-bodies and stress granules. We studied the expression, in cytoplasmic foci, of both zebrafish P54 RNA helicases (P54a and P54b) during development and found that they are expressed in cytoplasmic granules under both normal conditions and stress conditions. In zebrafish embryos exposed to heat shock, some proportion of P54a and P54b helicases move to larger granules that exhibit the properties of genuine stress granules. Knockdown of P54a and/or P54b in zebrafish embryos produces developmental abnormalities restricted to the posterior trunk; further, these embryos do not form stress granules, and their survival upon exposure to heat-shock conditions is compromised. Our observations fit the model that cells lacking stress granules have no resilience or ability to recover once the stress has ended, indicating that stress granules play an essential role in the way organisms adapt to a changing environment.
An in vitro model of granuloma-like cell aggregates substantiates early host immune responses against Mycobacterium massiliense infection
Authors: Je Sungmo , Quan Hailian , Na Yirang , Cho Sang-Nae , Kim Bum-Joon , Seok Seung Hyeok
Published: August 2016

Mycobacterium massiliense (M. mass), belonging to the M. abscessus complex, is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is known to cause tuberculous-like lesions in humans. To better understand the interaction between host cells and M. mass, we used a recently developed in vitro model of early granuloma-like cell aggregates composed of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs formed granuloma-like, small and rounded cell aggregates when infected by live M. mass. Microscopic examination showed monocytes and macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes, which resembled cell aggregation induced by M. tuberculosis (M. tb). M. mass-infected PBMCs exhibited higher expression levels of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD80 on macrophages, and a significant decrease in the populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, low doses of M. mass were sufficient to infect PBMCs, while active host cell death was gradually induced with highly increased bacterial loads, reflecting host destruction and dissemination of virulent rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM). Collectively, this in vitro model of M. mass infection improves our understanding of the interplay of host immune cells with mycobacteria, and may be useful for developing therapeutics to control bacterial pathogenesis.
Case Report: Frontalis sign for early bedside consideration of impending uncal herniation
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Mohan Kumar Bijoy
Published: August 2016

It is prudent to have early diagnosis and timely management of uncal herniation for better management of neurosurgical patients. There are several clinical and radiological armamentariums that aid in early recognition of the condition. Through this case report, we try to highlight a simple bedside clinical sign that can be a valuable adjunct in early recognition of the impending uncal herniation especially in scenarios wherein it is difficult to assess the pupillary size and reactivity correctly. The improvement in the sign also confirms the resolution of the mass effect in the postoperative period. This is especially helpful for doctors working in the periphery or in resource restrained areas, for a timely referral of the patient to tertiary centre.
Navigating the Zika panic
Authors: Grubaugh Nathan D. , Andersen Kristian G.
Published: August 2016

The epidemics of Ebola virus in West Africa and Zika virus in America highlight how viruses can explosively emerge into new territories. These epidemics also exposed how unprepared we are to handle infectious disease emergencies. This is also true when we consider hypothesized new clinical features of infection, such as the associations between Zika virus infection and severe neurological disease, including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. On the surface, these pathologies appear to be new features of Zika virus infection, however, causal relationships have not yet been established. Decades of limited Zika virus research are making us scramble to determine the true drivers behind the epidemic, often at the expense of over-speculation without credible evidence. Here we review the literature and find no conclusive evidence at this time for significant biological differences between the American Zika virus strains and those circulating elsewhere. Rather, the epidemic scale in the Americas may be facilitated by an abnormally warm climate, dense human and mosquito populations, and previous exposure to other viruses. Severe disease associated with Zika virus may therefore not be a new trait for the virus, rather it may have been overlooked due to previously small outbreaks. Much of the recent panic regarding Zika virus has been about the Olympics in Brazil. We do not find any substantial evidence that the Olympics will result in a significant number of new Zika virus infections (~10 predicted) or that the Olympics will promote further epidemic spread over what is already expected. The Zika virus epidemic in the Americas is a serious situation and decisions based on solid scientific evidence - not hyped media speculations - are required for effective outbreak response.
State Support and Development of High-Tech Industries As the Terms of the Development of Russian Industry Competitiveness
Authors: Голубев  , Golubev A. , Кулясова  , Kulyasova A.
Published: August 2016

The modern Russian economy is characterized by the increasing role of innovative high-tech industries and their emergence as a fundamental condition for competitiveness. At the present stage of development new mechanisms for increase of innovative activity of high-tech and high-tech industries are required.
The Place of Modern Cooperative Forms of the Organization in the Small Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Лебедева  , Lebedeva I. , Лебедев  , Lebedev V.
Published: August 2016

In the article the actual directions of development of small business in Russia

are considered. Results of the analysis of the main economic indicators

characterizing the provision of small business are given. The characteristic of

the main measures of the state support of small business at the present stage

in comparison with international experience of state regulation in this sphere is

given. Possibilities of development of small enterprises within cooperative

organizational forms are revealed. Features of the organization of cooperative

forms of integration of small enterprises are considered.
Optimality Gap of Constant-Order Policies Decays Exponentially in the Lead Time for Lost Sales Models
Authors: Xin Linwei , Goldberg David A.
Published: August 2016

Inventory models with lost sales and large lead times have traditionally been considered intractable due to the curse of dimensionality. Recently, Goldberg and coauthors laid the foundations for a new approach to solving these models, by proving that as the lead time grows large, a simple constant-order policy is asymptotically optimal. However, the bounds proven there require the lead time to be very large before the constant-order policy becomes effective, in contrast to the good numerical performance demonstrated by Zipkin even for small lead time values. In this work, we prove that for the infinite-horizon variant of the same lost sales problem, the optimality gap of the same constant-order policy actually converges exponentially fast to zero, with the optimality gap decaying to zero at least as fast as the exponential rate of convergence of the expected waiting time in a related single-server queue to its steady-state value. We also derive simple and explicit bounds for the optimality gap, and demonstrate good numerical performance across a wide range of parameter values for the special case of exponentially distributed demand. Our main proof technique combines convexity arguments with ideas from queueing theory.
‘We've come so far but there is still more to be done to eradicate FGM’
Authors: Bhardwa Seeta
Published: August 2016

In celebration of the second anniversary of the Girl Summit, a new short film dispelling the myths around female genital mutilation was shown at a parliamentary reception in July.
Thalassaemia in pregnancy: Contemporary care for a timeless disease
Authors: DeLeo Annemarie , Geraghty Sadie
Published: August 2016

Globally, thalassaemia is one of the most common genetic blood disorders affecting women's ability to conceive and progress through a normal pregnancy and birth. Thalassaemia is associated with late-onset puberty, infertility due to endocrine dysfunction, growth retardation, jaundice, deformities in skeletal development and enlargement of the abdomen secondary to spleen and liver anomalies. Despite medical innovations, the management of thalassaemia remains associated with significant risk factors for women during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. The management of women with thalassaemia is complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to care as the potential for maternal and fetal complications presents risks during pregnancy and birth. Women can remain silent carriers of the disease until pregnancy induces symptomatic haematological and coagulation changes, leading to diagnosis of thalassaemia.
Stochastic forms of non-negative matrices and Perron-regularity
Authors: Gomez Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Given a real non-negative square matrix A, the problem of determining when two distinct constructions of stochastic matrices associated to A coincide is studied. All the constructions (or stochastic forms) that are considered are diagonal forms, i.e., the transformations act like A ô°â Î±D^(r)AD^(c), where D^(r) and D^(c) are diagonal matrices with positive diagonals and Î± > 0, all depending on A.
Short Communication: Fish diversity of the Batang Toru River System, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Authors: ROESMA DEWI IMELDA , CHORNELIA ADA , MURSYID AHMAD , KAMSI MISTAR
Published: August 2016

Roesma DI, Chornelia A, Mursyd A, Kamsi M. 2016. Short Communication: Fish diversity of the Batang Toru River System, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Biodiversitas 17: 628-634. A rapid survey on fish diversity was carried in the Batang Toru river system. The survey was carried out in the wet season between 8-14 February 2015 and 15-21 of March 2015 along various tributaries on the east (10) and west (1) side of the main Batang Toru river system. We obtained 427 individuals fish samples consisting of 24 species, from 10 families. These consist of Cyprinidae (11 species), Balitoridae (2), Channidae (2), Gobiidae (2), Nemacheilidae (2), Aplocheilidae (1), Bagridae (1), Cichlidae (1), Mastacembelidae (1), and Sisoridae (1). Four Sumatra fish species were encountered during the surveys, namely Neolissochilus sumatranus, Nemacheilus pfeifferae, Homaloptera gymnogaster and H. heterolepis. N. sumatranus and Puntius binotatus were the most frequently found in all of sampling sites.
The use of FloSeal haemostatic sealant in the management of epistaxis: a prospective clinical study and literature review
Authors: Wakelam OC , Dimitriadis PA , Stephens J
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

It is standard practice in the UK that if conservative measures or chemical cautery fail to control epistaxis, patients receive nasal packing which is often uncomfortable, requires admission and has well documented associated morbidity. Our study aims to evaluate the use of FloSeal haemostatic sealant in managing patients with epistaxis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients were identified from those referred with active epistaxis. A successful outcome was defined as complete haemostasis with FloSeal alone, with no further significant bleeding requiring admission or further interventions in the subsequent 7 days. Patients reported satisfaction using a ten-point visual analogue scale. Ear, nose and throat doctors recorded patient demographics, time to prepare FloSeal, length of stay, need for further treatment and adverse events on an electronic database.

RESULTS

30 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean time to prepare FloSeal was 5 minutes. The success rate of FloSeal was 90%. The mean length of stay was 2.75 hours. The mean patient satisfaction with FloSeal was 8.4/10. No adverse events occurred.

DISCUSSION

FloSeal was found to be effective in controlling anterior epistaxis. There was a single case of posterior epistaxis which required operative management. The literature largely supports FloSeal in anterior epistaxis, but indicates sphenopalatine artery ligation as the definitive management of posterior epistaxis.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data support the use of FloSeal in patients with anterior epistaxis not controlled with conservative measures or chemical cautery. It was found to be easy to use, is well tolerated by patients and is efficient in financial terms.
Prevalence and risk factors of hearing loss in children with solid tumors treated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Edward Eka D , Rosdiana Nelly , Farhat Farhat , Siregar Olga Rasiyanti , Lubis Bidasari
Published: August 2016

Background The platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin and carboplatin, are widely used in the treatment of several types of solid tumors. However, the treatment has side effects including hearing loss.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss related to platinum-based chemotherapy and to identify associated factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, from April to July 2012. Twenty-two subjects who fulfilled the eligibility criteria underwent otoacoustic emission evaluations. Eleven children had received cisplatin and eleven had received carboplatin. The association between hearing loss and risk factors was assessed using Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests.Results Seven subjects with hearing loss were identified. Five of these patients (5 out of 11) had received cisplatin and 2 patients (2 out of 11) had received carboplatin. There was no statistically significant difference between carboplatin- and cisplatin-associated hearing loss (P=0.361). Neither gender (P=0.452) nor age (P=0.212) was related to hearing loss. However, higher cumulative chemotherapy doses (cisplatin >600 mg/m² and carboplatin >1800 mg/m²) were associated with hearing loss (P=0.022 and P=0.004, respectively).Conclusion Patients who had higher cumulative doses of platinum-based chemotherapy are at risk for developing hearing loss.
Predictors of mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia: a 6-year study in a single institution
Authors: Milano Leecarlo , Agustriani Nunik , Rochadi Rochadi
Published: August 2016

Background Esophageal atresia, with or without fistula, is a congenital defect that causes high morbidity and mortality in newborns. Risk factors of mortality need to be identified to establish the best approach for treating this condition in order to decrease morbidity and mortality.Objective To identify factors associated with mortality in newborns with oesophageal atresia.Methods We reviewed all newborns with esophageal atresia using data from their medical records at Sardjito General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Potential risk factors were analyzed using Chi-square test, with a level of significance of P<0.05.Results Of 31 newborns that met our criteria, only 5 survived, and all 5 had one-stage surgery (primary anastomosis with fistula ligation). Thrombocytopenia and sepsis increased the risk of death with OR 10.857 (95%CI 1.029 to 114.578) and OR 13.333 (95% CI 1.242 to 143.151), respectively. However, anemia had a protective effect against mortality with OR 0.688 (95%CI 0.494 to 0.957).Conclusion Thrombocytopenia and sepsis are the risk factors associated with mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia at our institution. Anemia has a protective effect against mortality.
Vitamin D levels in epileptic children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Authors: Pohan Fathy , Hendarto Aryono , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Gunardi Hartono
Published: August 2016

Background Long-term anticonvulsant therapy, especially with enzyme inducers, has been associated with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, there have been inconsistent results in studies on the effect of long-term, non-enzyme inducer anticonvulsant use on vitamin D levels.Objective To compare 25(OH)D levels in epileptic children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy and non-epileptic children. We also assessed for factors potentially associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in epileptic children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at two pediatric neurology outpatient clinics in Jakarta, from March to June 2013. Subjects in the case group were epileptic children, aged 6-11 years who had used valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, or oxcarbazepine, as a single or combination therapy, for at least 1 year. Control subjects were non-epileptic, had not consumed anticonvulsants, and were matched for age and gender to the case group. All subjects’ 25(OH)D levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay.Results There were 31 epileptic children and 31 non-epileptic control children. Their mean age was 9.1 (SD 1.8) years. Most subjects in the case group were treated with valproic acid (25/31), administered as a monotherapy (21/31). The mean duration of anticonvulsant consumption was 41.9 (SD 20) months. The mean 25(OH)D level of the epileptic group was 41.1 (SD 16) ng/mL, lower than the control group with a mean difference of 9.7 (95%CI 1.6 to 17.9) ng/mL. No vitamin D deficiency was found in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the epileptic group was higher than in the control group (12/31 vs. 4/31; P=0.020). No identified risk factors were associated with low 25(OH)D levels in epileptic children.Conclusion Vitamin D levels in epileptic children with long-term anticonvulsant therapy are lower than that of non-epileptic children, but none had vitamin D deficiency.
Ventricular function and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Ramadhina Nusarintowati , Sukardi Rubiana , Advani Najib , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Putra Sukman T. , Djer Mulyadi M.
Published: August 2016

Background Hemodynamic instability in sepsis, especially in the neonatal population, is one of the leading causes of death in hospitalized infants. The major contribution for heart dysfunction in neonatal sepsis is the myocardial dysfunction that leads to decreasing of ventricular function. The combination of echocardiography and laboratory findings help us to understand the ventricular condition in preterm infants with sepsis.Objective To assess for a correlation between ventricular function and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) level in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis.Methods We prospectively studied 30 preterm infants with neonatal sepsis who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from June 1 – August 31, 2013. The ventricular functions were measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography. The parameters of right ventricular (RV) function assessment were tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV myocardial performance index (MPI). For left ventricular (LV) performance, we assessed ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and LV-MPI. Serum hs-cTnT was measured and considered to be a marker of myocardial injury.Results Subjects had a mean gestational age of 31.5 (SD 2.18) weeks and mean birth weight of 1,525 (SD 437.5) g. The mean LV function measured by MPI was 0.281 (SD 0.075); mean EF was 72.5 (SD 5.09)%; and mean FS was 38.3 (SD 4.29)%. The RV function measured by TAPSE was mean 6.85 (SD 0.94) and that measured by MPI was median 0.255 (range 0.17-0.59). Serum hs-cTnT level was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors [282.08 (SD 77.81) pg/mL vs. 97.75 (24.2-142.2) pg/mL, respectively P =0.023]. There were moderate correlations between LV-MPI and hs-cTnT concentration (r=0.577; P=0.001), as well as between RV-MPI and hs-cTnT concentration (r=0.502; P=0.005). The positive correlation between LV and RV-MPI in neonatal sepsis was strong (r=0.77; P <0.001).Conclusion Left and right ventricular MPI show positive correlations with hs-cTnT levels. Serum hs-cTnT is significantly higher in non survivors. As such, this marker may have prognostic value for neonatal sepsis patients.
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with hyperglycemia in children requiring intensive care
Authors: Halim Hendy , Suparyatha Ida Bagus Gede , Arimbawa I Made , Hartawan I Nyoman Budi
Published: August 2016

Background Hyperglycemia can be caused by three or more organ dysfunctions and occurs in children requiring intensive care in the first 48 hours. Blood sugar level higher than 140 mg/dl is considered as hyperglycemia in children requiring intensive care.Objective To determine the association between multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children requiring intensive care and hyperglycemia with blood sugar level higher than 140 mg/dl.Methods This case control study without matching was conducted on children aged 1 month-12 years from pediatric ward at Sanglah hospital during June-August 2012. We used consecutive sampling to recruit subjects, which then were screened by Pediatric Risk of Hospital Admission (PRISA) 2 score. All subjects were enrolled for blood sugar test, then divided into 2 groups; hyperglycemia with blood sugar level > 140 mg/dl as case and normoglycemia as control. We used organ dysfunction criteria to determine multiple organ dysfunction. The association between MODS and hyperglycemia was assessed by Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval and a statistical significance value of P < 0.05.Results Fifty two subjects were enrolled in this study. We excluded two subjects, hence each group consisted of 25 subjects. We found 18 subjects under and 7 subjects above five years old in hyperglycemia group. The association between multiple organ dysfunction and hyperglycemia was significant with an odds ratio of 10 (95% CI 3 to 38), P < 0.0001.Conclusion Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome had a significant association with hyperglycemia. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with hyperglycemia occurs ten times greater than with normoglycemia.
Superoxide dismutase levels and peak expiratory flow in asthmatic children
Authors: Kurniasih Arie , Julia Madarina , Setyati Amalia
Published: August 2016

involvevariety of cells such as inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygenspecies (ROS), and cytokines. The inflammatory process would beexacerbated in the presence of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is the first important enzyme to protect the respiratory tractagainst oxidative stress. The decreased of SOD has a correlation withincreased of airway obstruction and bronchospasm.Objective To assess for a correlation between superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels and peak expiratory flow, as well as to determinethe impact of SOD levels for predicting asthma attacks.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at Dr. SardjitoHospital, Yogyakarta, between February and April 2011 involvingasthmatic children aged 5-18 years. Subjects’ serum SOD levelsand peak expiratory flow were measured at the same time point.We then performed a prospective study following up on the samesubjects to find out if they had a recurrent asthma attack withinone month of the tests. We also reassessed their peak expiratoryflow one month after blood specimens were obtained.Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Therewas no significant correlation between SOD level and peakexpiratory flow [r=0.289; 95%CI -0.025 to 0.47; P=0.074].However, older age was significantly associated with higher peakexpiratory flow (􀁂=0.5; 95%CI 3.10 to 11.57; P=0.01). Lowerlevels of SOD increased the risk of asthma attacks in a monthfollowing the initial measurements (RR=5.5; 95%CI 1.6 to 18.9;P=0.009).Conclusion Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level is not significantlyassociated with peak expiratory flow. However, we find arelationship between older age and higher peak expiratory flowand a relationship between lower SOD levels and risk of asthmaattacks within one month following the tests. [
Hematological scoring system as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis
Authors: Meirina Fathia , Lubis Bidasari , Sembiring Tiangsa , Rosdiana Nelly , Siregar Olga
Published: August 2016

Background Sepsis was the leading cause of death in babies by30%-50% in developing countries. Early diagnosis of neonatalsepsis is still a difficult problem because of clinical features are notspecific. Blood culture is the gold standard, but it takes several daysand is expensive. The hematological scoring system (HSS) consistsof hematologic parameters (leucocyte count, polymorphonuclear(PMN) cells, degenerative changes, and platelet count) for earlydiagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Objective To measure HSS as an early diagnostic tool for neonatalsepsis.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in March toJune 2013. Samples were collected by consecutive sampling.Fourty neonates suspected sepsis in neonatology unit H. AdamMalik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, underwent routineblood count, blood culture, and peripheral blood smear. Eachhematologic parameters were analysed using the HSS of Rodwellet al. The hematologic parameters were total leucocyte count, totalPMN cells, total PMN immature, I:T PMN ratio, I:M PMN ratio,degenerative changes, and platelet count. The total value revealedHSS score. Diagnostic study parameters were calculated.Results Ten of fourty neonates had sepsis based on blood culture􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁘􀁏􀁗􀁖􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀀃􀀫􀀶􀀶􀀃􀁖􀁆􀁒􀁕􀁈􀀃􀂕􀀗􀀃􀁋􀁄􀁇􀀃􀁖􀁈􀁑􀁖􀁌􀁗􀁌􀁙􀁌􀁗􀁜􀀃􀀛􀀓􀀈􀀏􀀃􀁖􀁓􀁈􀁆􀁌􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁌􀁗􀁜􀀃􀀜􀀓􀀈􀀏􀀃with positive predictive value (PPV) 73%, negative predictivevalue (NPV) 93%, ROC curve showed cut off point 0.902 (95%CI 0.803 to 1.0).Conclusion 􀀶􀁆􀁒􀁕􀁈􀀃􀀫􀀶􀀶􀀃􀂕􀀗􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁘􀁏􀁇􀀃􀁅􀁈􀀃􀁘􀁖􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁄􀁖􀀃􀁄􀁑􀀃􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁏􀁜􀀃􀁇􀁌􀁄􀁊􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁌􀁆􀀃tool for neonatal sepsis.
Un catecismo y varias lecturas: poder político y catolicismo romano en el espacio rioplatense durante la década de 1850
Authors: Medina Federico
Published: August 2016

El presente artículo se ocupa de indagar la recepciónque tuvo el catecismo Instrucciones Cristianasdel clérigo jujeño Escolástico Zegada entrelas autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas del espaciopolítico rioplatense durante la década de 1850.Este análisis es una puerta de ingreso para comprenderlas relaciones entre poder político y catolicismoromano así como las tensiones y temoresque los cambios producidos por la modernidadliberal despertaron en las jerarquías diocesanashacia mediados del siglo XIX.
“By Looking Liking”: Baz Luhrmann’S William Shakespeare’S Romeo+Juliet
Authors: Cinpoeş Nicoleta
Published: August 2016

Twenty years since its release onto the big screen, Baz Luhrmann’s William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet continues to attract viewers, divide critics and remain unchallenged, in a league of its own, when it comes to film adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays. This article begins with taking stock of reception directions which still dispute the field of film adaptation. Cued by Worthen’s “Performance Paradigm”, my argument positions Luhrmann’s film (his second at the time and the one to propel the Australian director into Hollywood fame) firmly in the cinematic and sees the film narrative not as opposed to the textual and/or spoken one, but as a complex citational practice developed at the level of oral, visual and written discourse.
Adapting Shakespeare – Converting Shylock in Michael Radford’s the Merchant of Venice
Authors: Oakes Luke
Published: August 2016

This article aims to explore the extension and evolution of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice through Michael Radford’s 2004 cinematic adaptation. By investigating the concept of adaptation and the significance of intertextuality, Shakespeare’s source text is considered alongside Radford’s twenty-first century recreation to reimagine and redefine the construction of Shylock as both a comic and tragic device utilized across film and play. Issues of racial and religious prejudices alongside anti- Semitic views were particularly prominent in Elizabethan England and, by concentrating on recontextualisation, this article looks to expose Shakespeare’s characterization as a reflective commentary concerning societal discriminations at the time of the play’s performance. By focusing primarily on Shakespeare’s Jewish Usurer, Radford is able to reconstruct and reestablish the dramatic devices and characters within the cinematic version, metaphorically converting Shylock from comic villain to tragic victim. Finally, it argues that this dynamic shift inevitably metamorphoses Shylock from a spectator’s perspective and provides Michael Radford with an opportunity to offer a social commentary on social inequality in the twenty-first century.