bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeland Security
Authors: LeMay Michael C.
Published: November 2023

This book provides a comprehensive summary of the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and efforts to protect the United States from international terrorism.

Homeland Security: A Reference Handbook covers the precursor events and laws from 1965 to 2000 that set the stage for the 2002 law that established the Department of Homeland Security. It identifies and discusses a dozen problems associated with homeland security policy objectively, allowing readers to come to their own conclusions. Additionally, it addresses all of the major units and agencies within the department.

Comprehensive in scope and accessible in style, it discusses 46 organizations and profiles 50 actors. Unlike many books on the topic, it provides excerpts and summaries of data, presented in figures and tables and as documents from court decisions, presidential actions, and key laws to implement homeland security policy. It also annotates key secondary sources on the topic, including books, scholarly journals, films, and videos to guide the reader to further research on the subject.
Internet Censorship
Authors: Schell Bernadette H.
Published: November 2023

Covering topics ranging from web filters to laws aimed at preventing the flow of information, this book explores freedom—and censorship—of the Internet and considers the advantages and disadvantages of policies at each end of the spectrum.

Combining reference entries with perspective essays, this timely book undertakes an impartial exploration of Internet censorship, examining the two sides of the debate in depth. On the one side are those who believe censorship, to a greater or lesser degree, is acceptable; on the other are those who play the critical role of information freedom fighters. In Internet Censorship: A Reference Handbook, experts help readers understand these diverse views on Internet access and content viewing, revealing how both groups do what they do and why.

The handbook shares key events associated with the Internet's evolution, starting with its beginnings and culminating in the present. It probes the motivation of newsmakers like Julian Assange, the Anonymous, and WikiLeaks hacker groups, and of risk-takers like Private Bradley Manning. It also looks at ways in which Internet censorship is used as an instrument of governmental control and at the legal and moral grounds cited to defend these policies, addressing, for example, why the governments of China and Iran believe it is their duty to protect citizens by filtering online content believed to be harmful.
The Judicial System
Authors: LeMay Michael C.
Published: November 2023

The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook provides an authoritative and accessible one-stop resource for understanding the U.S. judicial system and its place in the fabric of American government and society.

The American judicial system plays a central role in setting and enforcing the legal rules under which the people of the United States live. U.S. courts and laws, though, are complex and often criticized for bias and other alleged shortcomings, The U.S. Supreme Court has emerged as a particular focal point of political partisanship and controversy, both in terms of the legal decisions it hands down and the makeup of its membership.

Like other books in the Contemporary World Issues series, this volume comprises seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the origins, development, and current characteristics of the American judicial system. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies orbiting around the U.S. justice system today. Chapter 3 features a wide-ranging collection of essays that examine and illuminate various aspects of the judicial system. Chapter 4 profiles influential organizations and people related to the justice system, and Chapter 5 offers relevant data and documents about U.S. courts. Chapter 6 is composed of an annotated list of important resources, while Chapter 7 offers a useful chronology of events.
Military Robots and Drones
Authors: Springer Paul J.
Published: November 2023

This book provides an insightful introduction to the most important field of military innovation for the 21st century—robotic and drone weaponry.

For centuries, warring nations have sought to lower the risk to highly vulnerable humans on the battlefield, typically by providing protective armor, making soldiers' positions more difficult to detect, or by striking from locations safe from retaliation. Autonomous weaponry has now reached the point where robotic systems can perform some key tasks that previously required direct human involvement.

Military Robots and Drones: A Reference Handbook introduces the lay person to a highly specialized topic, providing the foundation necessary for further study in this field. Appropriate for high school and college-level students, as well as general readers with an interest in the topic, the author explains the many military applications of robotics as well as current limitations and disadvantages. The book also provides a general history of robotic warfare; examines key individuals, agencies, documents, and models; discusses controversies within the field of robotic and drone warfare, such as ethical considerations; and explains how increased reliance on robotics has affected the structure and strategy of the military.
Nuclear Power
Authors: Henderson Harry
Published: November 2023

Provides timely and up-to-date facts, context, perspectives, and tools to make informed decisions about nuclear energy.

In the 21st century, nuclear power has been identified as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources to stem global climate change, and condemned as risky to human health and environmentally irresponsible. Do the advantages of nuclear energy outweigh the risks, especially in light of the meltdown at the Fukushima plant in 2011? This guide provides both a comprehensive overview of this critical and controversial technology, presenting reference tools that include important facts and statistics, biographical profiles, a chronology, and a glossary. It covers major controversies and proposed solutions in detail and contains contributions by experts and important stakeholders that provide invaluable perspective on the topic.
Plastics and Microplastics
Authors: Newton David E.
Published: November 2023

Plastic plays a vital role in today's world but has become increasingly problematic. Plastics and Microplastics: A Reference Handbook discusses the history and evolution of plastic and its many uses, both in the United States and around the world.

Beginning with a history of plastic—from the first scientific discovery of the material to its diversity of forms and uses in the present day—Plastics and Microplastics: A Reference Handbook discusses the history and evolution of plastic and its many uses, both in the United States and around the world. Importantly, it delves into the problems and controversies concerning plastic and microplastics, such as the pollution of oceans, rivers, and streams; its exceptionally long shelf life; its contribution to air pollution; and ingestion of microplastics by marine life.

One of the most valuable aspects of the book is its survey of the history of plastics and microplastics conducted in a manner that helps readers to identify key issues to address. Moreover, it discusses both implemented and proposed solutions. A perspectives chapter includes a broad range of voices, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.
Pop Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth Gackstetter , Robbins Timothy R.
Published: November 2023

This insightful book introduces the most important trends, people, events, and products of popular culture in Latin America and the Caribbean.

In recent times, Latin American influences have permeated American culture through music, movies, television, and literature. This sweeping volume serves as a ready-reference guide to pop culture in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, focusing on Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Haiti, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Costa Rica, among other areas. The work encourages hands-on engagement with the popular culture in these places, making such suggestions as Brazilian films to rent or where to find Venezuelan music on the Internet.

To start, the book covers various perspectives and issues of these regions, including the influence of the United States, how the idea of machismo reflects on the portrayal of women in these societies, and the representation of Latino-Caribo cultures in film and other mediums. Entries cover key trends, people, events, and products from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. Each section gives detailed information and profound insights into some of the more academic—and often controversial—debates on the subject, while the inclusion of the Internet, social media, and video games make the book timely and relevant.
CURRENT PROBIOTICS APPLICATION FOR AQUACULTURE FEED: A REVIEW
Authors: Leong Sui Sien , Korel Figen , Lingoh Arlene Debbie , Sarbini Shahrul Razid , Toh Seng Chiew , Abit Lirong Yu , Wong Sie Chung
Published: November 2023

Probiotics are a helpful alternative that can be used to increase aquaculture output in a sustainable way. For probiotics to have the desired effects when applied to a certain aquaculture species, first, the proper strain and dosage must be chosen. The second, probiotics can be given intravenously, orally, or as feed additives, the last of which is frequently employed in aquaculture. Probiotics application in aquaculture production provides several advantages, including enhanced stress tolerance, enhanced disease resistance, enhanced immunological defence against infections, enhanced disease performance, and enhanced feed utilization. To improve the economic performance of the aquaculture species, probiotics can be used at the farm level. This review seeks to assess the current apprehension of probiotics as fish-feed supplements in aquaculture, types of probiotics, administration methods, mechanism of action, benefits, and effects. It also constrains the approach of contribution probiotics application to the aquaculture activities which enhance the fish health and growth based on the results of experimental studies.
OPEN MARKET REPURCHASES AND STOCK PRICE INFORMATIVENESS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA STOCK MARKET
Authors: MENG CHEE CHONG , AB RAZAK NAZRUL HISYAM
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The aim of research paper is to examine the effect of stock price informativeness, which is conveyed by stock prices, on firmâ€™s open market repurchases (OMRs) activity. The finding of study is to provide evidence of presence of managerial learning whereby managers could use firm-specific stock return variation to buy back their shares via open market. Evidence is found in the subsample analysis where target sample is separated to two subsamples periods and test separately based on stock market performance. The finding of the 1st subsample (Q12008-Q42013) for OMRs activity indicates that variation of stock return and firm size significantly and positively explains OMRs activity. The finding of 1st subsample is robust in terms of random and fixed effect model. The finding implies that managers observed and learned information from firm-specific variation in stock return during financial crisis and recovery periods when performing open market repurchases.

 Keywords: Open market repurchase, managerial learning hypothesis, stock price informativeness, firm-specific return variation, informed trading.
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGY TO KNOWLEDGE PROCESS IN THE MALAYSIAN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS FIRMS
Authors: MAMOUN YOUSIF , WAFA SYED AZIZI , ALI HASSAN RAMRAINI
Published: November 2023

Abstract

 

The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of HR strategy to knowledge process in the Malaysian electrical and electronics firms.  Because of the importance of electrical electronics firms to Malaysian economy, the objectives investigate the impact of human resource strategy, knowledge process in this sector. This paper conducted a quantitative approach using, a questionnaire with five points Likert scale. The respondents of this study consists of 287 managers from electrical and electronics firms across Malaysian states including Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Penang, Johor, Kedah, and Melaka, Sabah, Sarawak. The list from the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) indicated that most of firms were located in these states. Statistical package for social science was used to generate the descriptive statistics besides the Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) as the statistical instrument to examine the measurement model and structural model.

Results confirmed that, human resource strategy is significant to knowledge process (acquisition, conversion, application, protection) in the Malaysian electrical and electronics firms.  Based on the results, the HR strategy adopted by a firm has a significant effect and can be a strong predictor of the knowledge. Some guidelines are suggested for top management and decision makers in electrical and electronics firms on how to encourage the application of human resource strategy that enhances the level of knowledge and skills, besides developing appropriate behavior. Eventually, management and decision makers would identify the necessary steps on how to encourage and generate knowledge in their organizations.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAST CONGESTED AND SHORTEST DISTANCE PATH IN TRAFFIC NETWORK
Authors: KIEN HUA TING , ABDULLAH NORAINI
Published: November 2023

Traffic congestion, a mobility problem that exists as the traffic volume demand exceeds the capacity of the existing intersections. Conventional approaches such as building flyover and road widening might not be very effective in solving traffic congestion. Therefore, a suggested approach in this study was to change the driverâ€™s behavior in selecting the best path. The shortest path may not be the best path. The added criterion in selecting the best path was the level of service of the path, while the included parameter that determines the level of service was the degree of saturation. Dijkstraâ€™s algorithm was applied to solve the network graph. Excel solver was used to find the solution. Percentage of difference between paths was carried out to find out the difference and significant of the paths. In conclusion, the path with combined criteria of shortest distance and least congested (degree of saturation) would be the best path, instead of solely based on the shortest distance or minimum degree of saturation.

Keywords: Degree of Saturation, Distance, Least Congested, Shortest Path, Dijkstraâ€™s Algorithm and Traffic Network
KAITAN ANTARA KEPIMPINAN, PRESTASI KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN NIAT MELETAKKAN JAWATAN DALAM KALANGAN KAKITANGAN AKADEMIK POLITEKNIK DI MALAYSIA
Authors: ALI SYARIFAH HANUM , BAHRON ARSIAH HJ , SONDOH JR @ JUDE STEPHEN L.
Published: November 2023

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ini telah mengamati respons daripada kakitangan akademik politeknik di Malaysia. Penyelidik melakukan kajian ini untuk melihat peranan pemimpin terhadap niat meletakkan jawatan. Penyelidik telah mengajukan beberapa persoalan  kajian. Pertama, mengenal pasti perhubungan yang signifikan dalam Kepimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat  yang mempengaruhi tindak balas psikologi (kepuasan kerja dan prestasi kerja). Kedua, mengenal pasti perhubungan yang signifikan terhadap tindak balas psikologi dalam mempengaruhi Niat Meletakkan Jawatan. Ketiga, mengenal pasti kesan faktor pengantaraan Kepimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat terhadap Niat Meletakkan Jawatan adalah tindak balas psikologi. SPSS21 dan SmartPLS3 digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh daripada 376 responden yang menjawab borang soal selidik yang diedarkan. Penyelidik telah membentuk kaedah kajian iaitu pemboleh ubah tidak bersandar adalah Kepimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat, tindak balas psikologi sebagai faktor pengantaraan dan niat meletakkan jawatan pekerja pemboleh ubah bersandar. Kepimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan Kepuasan Kerja dan Prestasi Kerja. Secara keseluruhannya, tindakan balas psikologi mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan niat meletakkan jawatan. Bagi kesan pengantaraan, Kepuasan Kerja dan Prestasi Kerja merupakan faktor pengantaraan bagi Niat Meletakkan Jawatan di antara Kepemimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat dan Niat Meletakkan jawatan.  Hasil kajian ini pasti dapat memberi impak kepada pentadbiran politeknik di Malaysia sebagai penunjuk untuk melakukan penambaikan untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan.

 Kata Kunci: Kepimpinan Memperkasa Gelagat, Kepuasan Kerja, Prestasi Kerja dan Niat Meletakkan Jawatan
ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL CAPITAL AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN FOODSERVICE SECTOR
Authors: Nasip Sorayah , Hassan Ramraini Ali , Laison Sondoh Jr. Stephen
Published: November 2023

This research aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge, financial capital and business performance in the foodservice sector. A total of 336 entrepreneurs from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah haveparticipated in the study. The data were analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS) technique version 2.0. The results have shown that knowledge and financial capital are positively related to business performance among entrepreneursâ€™. This research might give some views among entrepreneursâ€™ to improve their business performance. The findings of the research may extend existing knowledge in the business performance discipline as well as to impart valuable information to policymaker in strengthening and assists suitable support to entrepreneursâ€™ to sustain in the marketplace. Therefore, knowledge and financial capital are important indicators to predict business performance among entrepreneurs.
THE IMPACT OF HR STRATEGY ON KNOWLEDGE CAPABILITY IN THE MALAYSIAN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS FIRMS
Authors: Mamoun Yousif , Wafa Syed Azizi , Hassan Ramraini Ali
Published: November 2023

This paper identified the impact of the human resource (HR) strategy on knowledge capability in the Malaysian electrical and electronics firms. Due to the importance of electrical electronics firms to the Malaysian economy, the objectives investigate the impact of human resource strategy on knowledge capability in this sector. A quantitative approach using a questionnaire as the research tool was adopted using a 5-point Likert scale. The respondents of this study consist of 287 managers from electrical and electronic firms across Malaysian states including Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Penang, Johor, Kedah, and Melaka. The list from the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) indicated that most of the firms were located in these states. Statistical package forsocial science was used to generate the descriptive statistics besides the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS SEM) as the statistical instrument to examine the measurement model and structuralmodel. The results confirmed that human resource strategy (facilitation, accumulation, utilization, etc.) is significant to knowledge capability (T-shaped skills, IT support, learning culture, centralized structure, etc.) in Malaysian electrical and electronics firms. Based on the results, the HR strategy adopted by a firm has a significant effect and can be a strong predictor of the knowledge. Some guidelines are suggested for top management and decision-makers in electrical and electronics firms on how to encourage the application of human resource strategy that enhances the level of knowledge and skills, besides developing appropriate behaviour. Eventually, management and decision-makers would identify the necessary steps on how toencourage and generate knowledge capability in their organizations.
CORPORATISATION OF MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hj. Abd. Majid Ainun , Bakar Mohammad Adam
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on a case study conducted in one of the Malaysian public universities to examine whether or not it is able to operate as a corporate entity as envisaged by the government. Specifically, it seeks to determine if the university is able to generate income equivalent to 30 per cent of its total expenditure by 2010, to assess how much its existing financial management systems contribute or hinders achievement of the target set and to offer explanation as to why current conditions came into being. Results showed that the target is not met, mainly due to limited avenues to generate fund internally and a rigid cost structure that did not allow much room for savings. Three reasons were offered as explanations as to why this situation existed.Keywords: Malaysia, public universities, financial management systems, cost structure
Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces that Stand in the Way of True Inspiration
Authors: Hashim Mohd Khairuddin
Published: November 2023

There seems to be little argument that creativity is crucial to the success of any organization. Interestingly, despite years of academic research on the subject, there appears to be also little agreement as to what creativity really is or what the ideal process should be to develop creativity in organizations. Written based on Pixarâ€™s experience, Creativity, Inc. Overcoming the Unseen Forces Stand in the Way of True Inspiration offers not only a concrete example of creativity but also provides an insight into what constitutes creativity and a creative organization. In this book, author Ed Catmull and co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios generously shares and reveals his personal experience not only in dealing with the creative process but also in building and sustaining one of the most successful organization in the world of animation.
Innovation & Teamgeist als Erfolgsrezepte
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: November 2023

Anlässlich des 45-jährigen Jubiläums von Etimark spricht Udo Schulz, Teilhaber und Leiter von Verkauf und Marketing, über die entscheidenden Momente, die das Unternehmen geprägt haben, und gewährt Einblicke in die Unternehmenskultur sowie in die neuesten technologischen Entwicklungen.
New Data on Orange Mineral Pigments in the Works of the Nevyansk School of Icon Painting
Authors: Lavrentyeva E. V. , Kadikova I. F. , Karpenko V. Yu.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to investigate an unusual technological feature of the icons of the Old Believer mining and metallurgical Urals, that consists in the use of the minerals crocoite and realgar as artistic pigments. During the technological examination of sixty-two Nevyansk icons of the 18th – 19th centuries in the State Research Institute for Restoration (GOSNIIR) in 2019–2023, realgar was found in twenty-two icons, while crocoite was detected in eleven, which proves the widespread usage of these minerals in Ural icon painting. Chemical analysis of the paint layer samples from the icons was carried out using a set of analytical methods such as polarized microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. It should be noted that both mineral pigments are rare not only for Russian painting, but also for late Russian icon painting of other artistic centers and schools. Thus, it can be assumed that realgar was introduced to the Ural masters as an imported paint from Western Europe under the name Rauschgelb / Rusgeel, where it was in high demand among painters between the 16th and 18th centuries. It is also possible that it could have been brought to Russia, to the Urals, from China or Central Asia, where its large deposits are located. However, the appearance of crocoite in Nevyansk icons is undeniably due to the discovery and development of its deposits in the Middle Urals. Both minerals were first applied in Nevyansk icons in the second half of the 18th century (the lower chronological boundary of crocoite use is the first half of the 60s of the 18th century). Apparently, in the 19th century they gradually ceased to be in common use among the Ural icon painters.
Leadership capabilities for improving financial management ineffeciencies in the public sector
Authors:   , Ntuli Leanett Fanyana
Published: November 2023

A sound public financial management system is a precursor for the enhancement of service delivery and poverty reduction in an independent, democratic South Africa. The government has, through various Acts, closely regulated financial management in public institutions to ensure sustainable resource management for future generations. However, complex challenges related to leading and managing such institutions have continued to monopolise the realities of public financial management in towns and cities. Basic amenities such as water, electricity, and roads remain in a deplorable state, more so in disadvantaged communities. A volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous socio-economic landscape has exacerbated overspending and further widened the budget deficit gap. Legislators and public office bearers spend most of the time debating and aligning policy instruments towards compliance with standard procedure. They have not considered the relationship between convectional management and their leadership capabilities and its effectiveness in enhancing proper financial management and the resultant service delivery. Thus, an appreciation of the dynamic nature of how various institutions interact with policies and procedures, and inherent values, societal beliefs, as well as ethics, in effective management of finances is key, with this option enabling a robust approach in the management of public financial systems. Essentially, the research applied a multi-methodology research approach, which used a combination of System Dynamics, Soft Systems Methodology and Critical Systems Heuristics. The study revealed that if the Municipalities could recruit competent staff, the level of irresponsibility in the accounts or finance department would reduce inefficiencies and accountability will improve. This research unearths how systems thinking can develop and enhance leadership capabilities in an environment that allows for continuous learning. The outcome of the research is pertinent to public financial management practitioners, managers, and politicians, on how to enact sustainable public financial management.
Reducing Uncertainty in Interpersonal Relationships of Batak - Java Students in Yogyakarta
Authors: Suciati Suciati , Faidaty Venta Ridha , Winarsih Atik Septi
Published: November 2023

This study reveals the reduction of uncertainty in the interpersonal relations of Batak and Javanese students in Yogyakarta. The character differences between the Batak and Javanese people are strongly influenced by language, culture, and habits. The Batak people have a violent character, are temperamental, rude, and speak at a loud volume. In addition, they also have a character that is firm, honest, open, and does not beat around the bush. As for the Javanese, they have a character that upholds the philosophy that a person's self-esteem depends on speech and language so everyone must take care of what they say. The theory used in this study is uncertainty reduction from Berger and Calabrese. This study used descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques, validity testing used source triangulation, and data were analyzed through several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the data findings obtained an illustration that each pair of informants had a different process of reducing uncertainty. The pair of informants AW and KS is more significant in reducing uncertainty than the pair of informants LD and LF. Factors that influence the significance include the existence of socialization skills and the number of meetings between LD and LF, gender equality, and experience similarities between AW and KS.
GEORGY ADAMOVICH – MORTUS AND VIVUS
Authors: Белобровцева И.З.
Published: November 2023

На современном этапе литературоведения изучение Русского зарубежья первой волны достигло значительных результатов, однако все ещѐ остается много белых пятен. С этой точки зрения огромный интерес представляет творчество Леонида Федоровича Зурова, личность которого эмигрантским сообществом воспринималась только в тени И.А. Бунина («Ученик Бунина», «последователь Бунина», даже «эпигон Бунина»). Долгое время литературное сообщество негативно относилось к Зурову, что способствовало формированию негативного образа писателя как бесталанного, неблагодарного. Немалую роль в этом сыграло его психологическое состояние, что подкрепило его славу как психически неуравновешенного человека, проживавшего в семье Бунина в качестве нахлебника. Этот образ укоренился не только в беллетристике, но и в кино. Г.В. Адамович не раз обращался к творчеству Леонида Федоровича Зурова, однако критика была неоднозначна. Ключевые слова: Георгий Адамович, «мортус» = «мертвый», «мортус» = «служитель при чумных», Леонид Зуров, эмпатия

Әдебиеттанудың қазіргі кезеңінде бірінші толқынның орыс шетел әдебиетін зерттеу айтарлықтай нәтижелерге қол жеткізді, бірақ әлі де кӛптеген зерттелмеген шығармалар бар. Осы тұрғыдан алғанда, Леонид Федорович Зуровтың жұмысы үлкен қызығушылық тудырады, оның жеке басын эмигранттар қауымдастығы тек И.А. Буниннің кӛлеңкесінде қабылдады («Буниннің шәкірті», «Буниннің ізбасары», тіпті "Буниннің эпигоны»). Ұзақ уақыт бойы әдеби қоғамдастық Зуровқа теріс кӛзқараспен қарады, бұл жазушының бейнесін әділетсіз дарынсыз, жақсылықты білмейтін адам ретінде қалыптастыруға ықпал етті. Бұл жерде оның психологиялық жағдайы маңызды рӛл атқарды, бұл оның Буниннің отбасында жатып-ішер ретінде ӛмір сүрген ақыл-ойы тең емес адам ретіндегі даңқын арттырды. Бұл сурет тек кӛркем әдебиетте ғана емес, кинода да тамыр жайған. Г.В. Адамович Леонид Федорович Зуровтың шығармашылығына бірнеше рет қарастырды, бірақ сын екіұшты болды. Тҥйін сӛздер: Георгий Адамович, «мортус» = «ӛлі», «мортус» = «оба кезіндегі қызмет- ші», Леонид Зуров, эмпатия.

At the present stage of literary studies, the study of the Russian diaspora of the first wave has achieved significant results, but there are still many white spots. The most interesting is the work of Leonid Fedorovich Zurov. Leonid Zurov appeared to members of the emigrant community in the shadow of I.A. Bunin ("Bunin's Disciple", "Bunin's follower", even "Bunin's epigone") For a long time, the literary community had a negative attitude to the fact that an unfair image of the writer as untalented, ungrateful was cultivated. His psychological state played a significant role in this, which reinforced the fame of a mentally unstable person who lived in Bunin's family as a freeloader. This image took root not only in fiction, but also in cinema. G.V. Adamovich repeatedly turned to the work of Leonid Fedorovich Zurov, but the criticism was ambiguous. Key words: Georgy Adamovich, «mortus» = «dead», «mortus» = «servant of the plague», Leonid Zurov, empathy
КАК НАУЧИТЬСЯ РАННЕЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ ЧТЕНИЯ И ПИСЬМА
Authors: Scliar C. L.
Published: November 2023

Author pays attention to the question of problem of learning early literacy for reading and writing among future readers. The main point is a development of critical thinking in the process of reading put by the author of the article. The author cosiders that best way is to concentrate efforts on the early literacy cycle, reformulating the methodology, investing in the educators‘ continuing education and creating pedagogical material, all three, based on the sciences advances that deal with verbal language: the neuroscience of reading, linguistics, psycholinguistics and neuropsychology, gives the examples of tasks for students due to author‘s system and their works. Keywords: literacy, reading, writing, critical thinking, education.

Автор в статье обращает внимание на проблему раннего обучения чтению и письму у будущих читателей. Основной момент – это развитие критического мышления в процессе чтения, заложенное автором статьи. Автор считает, что лучший способ – сконцентрировать усилия на раннем цикле обучения грамоте, переформулировать методологию, инвестировать в непрерывное образование педагогов и создавать педагогические материалы, все три из которых основаны на достижениях наук, имеющих дело с вербальным языком: неврология чтения, лингвистика, психолингвистика и нейропсихология. Также в статье приводятся примеры заданий для студентов авторского подхода и результаты их выполнения. Ключевые слова: грамотность, чтение, письмо, критическое мышление, образование.

Мақала авторы болашақ оқырмандар үшін оқу мен жазуды ерте үйрену мәселесіне назар аударады. Мақала авторы үшін белгілеген оқу процесінде сыни тұрғыдан ойлауды дамыту басты мәселе. Автор ең жақсы жол – күш-жігерді ерте сауаттылық топтамасына бағыттау, әдістемені қайта тұжырымдау, үздіксіз мұғалімдер білімін инвестициялау және педагогика- лық материалдарды жасау, олардың үшеуі де ауызша тілмен айналысатын ғылымдардағы жетістіктерге негізделген: неврология. оқу, лингвистика, психолингвистика және нейропсихология. Мақалада сонымен қатар авторлық тәсілді қолданатын студенттерге арналған тапсырмалардың мысалдары және оларды орындау нәтижелері берілген. Тҥйінді сӛздер: сауаттылық, оқу, жазу, сыни ойлау, білім.
Estimation of anthropogenic and volcanic SO2 emissions from satellite data in the presence of snow/ice on the ground
Authors: Fioletov Vitali E. , McLinden Chris A. , Griffin Debora , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Li Can , Joiner Joanna , Theys Nicolas , Carn Simon
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Early versions of satellite nadir-viewing UV SO2 data products did not explicitly account for the effects of snow/ice on retrievals. Snow-covered terrain, with its high reflectance in the UV, typically enhances satellite sensitivity to boundary layer pollution. However, a significant fraction of high-quality cloud-free measurements over snow is currently excluded from analyses. This leads to increased uncertainties of satellite emission estimates and potential seasonal biases due to the lack of data in winter months for some high-latitudinal sources. In this study, we investigated how Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite SO2 measurements over snow-covered surfaces can be used to improve the annual emissions reported in our SO2 emissions catalogue (version 2; Fioletov et al., 2023). Only 100 out of 759 sources listed in the catalogue have 10 % or more of the observations over snow. However, for 40 high-latitude sources, more than 30 % of measurements suitable for emission calculations were made over snow-covered surfaces. For example, in the case of Norilsk, the world's largest SO2 point-source, annual emission estimates in the SO2 catalogue were based only on 3–4 summer months, while the addition of data for snow conditions extends that period to 7 months. Emissions in the SO2 catalogue were based on satellite measurements of SO2 slant column densities (SCDs) that were converted to vertical column densities (VCDs) using site-specific clear-sky air mass factors (AMFs), calculated for snow-free conditions. The same approach was applied to measurements with snow on the ground whereby a new set of constant, site-specific, clear sky with snow AMFs was created, and these were applied to the measured SCDs. Annual emissions were then estimated for each source considering (i) only clear-sky and snow-free days, (ii) only clear-sky with snow days, and (iii) a merged dataset (snow and snow-free conditions). For individual sources, the difference between emissions estimated for snow and snow-free conditions is within ±20 % for three-quarters of smelters and oil and gas sources and with practically no systematic bias. This is excellent consistency given that there is typically a factor of 3–5 difference between AMFs for snow and snow-free conditions. For coal-fired power plants, however, emissions estimated for snow conditions are on average 25 % higher than for snow-free conditions; this difference is likely real and due to larger production (consumption of coal) and emissions in wintertime.
Enhancing Mobile Aerosol Monitoring with CE376 Dual-Wavelength Depolarization Lidar
Authors: Sanchez Barrero Maria Fernanda , Popovici Ioana Elisabeta , Goloub Philippe , Victori Stéphane , Hu Qiaoyun , Torres Benjamin , Podvin Thierry , Blarel Luc , Dubois Gaël , Ducos Fabrice , Bourrianne Eric , Lapionak Aliaksandr , Proniewski Lelia , Holben Brent , Giles David Matthew , LaRosa Anthony
Published: November 2023

Abstract. We present the capabilities of a compact dual-wavelength depolarization lidar to assess the spatio-temporal variations in aerosol properties aboard moving vectors. Our approach involves coupling the lightweight CIMEL CE376 lidar, which provides measurements at 532 nm and 808 nm and depolarization at 532 nm, with a photometer to monitor aerosol properties. The assessments, both algorithmic and instrumental, were conducted at ATOLL (ATmospheric Observatory of liLLe) platform operated by the Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), in Lille France. An early version of the CE376 lidar co-located with the CE318-T photometer and with a multi-wavelength Raman lidar were considered for comparisons and validation. We developed a modified Klett inversion method for simultaneous two-wavelength elastic lidar and photometer measurements. Using this setup, we characterized aerosols during two distinct events of Saharan dust and dust smoke aerosols transported over Lille in spring 2021 and summer 2022. For validation purposes, comparisons against the Raman lidar were performed, demonstrating good agreement in aerosols properties with relative differences of up to 12 % in the depolarization measurements. Moreover, a first dataset of CE376 lidar and photometer performing on-road measurements was obtained during the FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) field campaign, deployed in summer 2019 over the Northwestern USA. By lidar and photometer mapping in 3D, we investigated the transport of released smoke from active fire spots at William Flats (North East WA, USA). Despite the extreme environmental conditions, our study enabled the investigation of aerosol optical properties near the fire source, distinguishing the influence of diffuse, convective, and residual smoke. Backscatter, extinction profiles, and column-integrated lidar ratios at 532 and 808 nm were retrieved for a quality-assured dataset. Additionally, Extinction Angstrom Exponent (EAE), Color Ratio (CR), Attenuated Color Ratio (ACR) and Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio (PLDR) were derived. In this study, we discuss the capabilities (and limitations) of the CE376 lidar in bridging observational gaps in aerosol monitoring, providing valuable insights for future research in this field.
Oceanic gateways in Antarctica – Impact of relative sea-level change on sub-shelf melt
Authors: Kreuzer Moritz , Albrecht Torsten , Nicola Lena , Reese Ronja , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Relative sea level (local water depth) on the Antarctic continental shelf is changing by the complex interplay of processes associated with Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). This involves near-field visco-elastic bedrock displacement and self-gravitational effects in response to changes in Antarctic ice load, but also far-field interhemispheric effects on the sea-level pattern. On glacial time scales, these changes can be in the order of several hundred meters, modulating the access of ocean water masses at different depths to Antarctic grounding lines. Our study shows, that due to strong vertical gradients in ocean temperature and salinity at the continental shelf margin, basal melt rates of ice shelves can change significantly just by variations in relative sea level alone. Based on coupled ice sheet – GIA model experiments and the analysis of topographic features such as troughs and sills that regulate the access of open ocean water masses onto the continental shelf (oceanic gateways), we derive maximum estimates of Antarctic basal melt rate changes, solely driven by relative sea-level variations. Under Last Glacial Maximum sea-level conditions, this effect would lead to a substantial decrease of present-day sub-shelf melt rates in East Antarctica, while the strong subsidence of bedrock in West Antarctica can lead up to a doubling of basal melt rates. For a hypothetical globally ice-free sea-level scenario, which would lead to a global mean (barystatic) sea-level rise of around +70 m, sub-shelf melt rates for a present-day ice sheet geometry can more than double in East Antarctica, but can also decrease substantially, where bedrock uplift dominates. Also for projected sea-level changes at the year 2300 we find maximum possible changes of ±20 % in sub-shelf melt rates, as a consequence of relative sea-level changes only.
Assistance control strategy for upper-limb rehabilitation robot based on motion trend
Authors: Zhang Haojun , Song Tao , Zhang Leigang
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Robot-assisted rehabilitation has proven to improve a subject's upper-extremity motor function. However, it is still challenging to control the robot to provide minimal assistance based on the subject's performance. This paper proposes a motion-trend-based assistance control strategy to solve this problem. The control strategy provides the corresponding normal and tangential forces by constructing an adaptive virtual assistance force field around a predetermined training trajectory. In the normal direction, a performance function based on the position-tracking error and normal motion trend is established to adjust the normal assistance force field strength in real time; in the tangential direction, a performance function based on the tangential interaction force and tangential motion trend is established to adjust the tangential assistance force field strength in real time. Additionally, good motion trends can quickly reduce the assistance force field. The normal motion trend represents the state of the subject moving toward the target trajectory, and the tangential motion trend represents the state of increasing tangential interaction force. Finally, the performance of this control strategy was evaluated by training experiments with eight healthy subjects. Preliminary experiments showed that the normal assist force in the active movement phase was 92.48 % smaller than that in the poor phase, and the tangential assist force was 90.73 % smaller than that in the slack phase. And the normal assist force and tangential assist force will become zero within 0.2 s when the subject has a good tendency to move. This shows that the control strategy proposed in this paper can quickly adjust the assistance according to the subject's motor performance. In addition, the assistance can be quickly reduced when the subject has a good movement trend. Future work will incorporate OpenSim (muscle and bone simulation software) to develop a pathway suitable for the subject's arm rehabilitation.
A quest for precipitation attractors in weather radar archives
Authors: Foresti Loris , Puigdomènech Treserras Bernat , Nerini Daniele , Atencia Aitor , Gabella Marco , Sideris Ioannis Vasileios , Germann Urs , Zawadzki Isztar
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Archives of composite weather radar images represent an invaluable resource to study the predictability of precipitation. In this paper, we compare two distinct approaches to construct empirical low-dimensional attractors from radar precipitation fields. In the first approach, the phase space dimensions of the attractor are defined using the domain-scale statistics of precipitation fields, such as the mean precipitation, fraction of rain, spatial and temporal correlations. The second type of attractor considers the spatial distribution of precipitation and is built by principal component analysis (PCA). For both attractors, we investigate the density of trajectories in phase space, growth of errors from analogue states, and fractal properties. To represent different scales, climatic and orographic conditions, the analyses are done using multi-year radar archives over the continental United States (≈4000 x 4000 km2, 21 years) and the Swiss Alpine region (≈500 x 500 km2, 6 years).
أصوات القرآن الكريم والأخطاء الشائعة لدى المتلقين خلال قراءة سورة البينة الطالبات الناطقة للغة البشتوية بالجامعة الإسلامية العالمية نموذجا
Authors: Uroosa Panezaī
Published: November 2023

Phonetics is the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis. Phonetics of Qūrān is one of the most important chapter regarding the correct reading of Qūrān, the revealed book of Allah. This is a descriptive study for the phonetics of Al-Qūr'ān Al-Karīm in a specific chapter of Qūrān, and the case study of Pāshtūn students and their common mistakes during the recitation. The study comprises of three parts: the first part reflects the common mistakes of phonetics and its types; while the second part describes the phonetics of Sūrāh ālbynāh; and the third part includes the case study of the common mistakes during the recitation of Sūrāh ālbynāh noted in Pashtun students of International Islamic University Islamabad. Keywords: phonetics, common mistakes, case study, Sūrāh Al-Bayyīnāh.

Keywords: phonetics, common mistakes, case study, Sūrāh Al-Bayyīnāh.
El flujo de opinión en noticias dirigidas a diferentes audiencias: el debate público sobre el sistema previsional chileno
Authors: Pacheco Ibaceta Catalina Javiera , González Arias Cristian , Santander Molina Pedro
Published: November 2023

La opinión pública se construye, en gran medida, por el aporte que hacen los medios de comunicación al publicar los hechos relevantes y opiniones de diversos actores sociales sobre los temas de contingencia. La opinión se vehicula no solo en los géneros periodísticos de opinión –editoriales, columnas– sino también en las noticias, que transmiten los puntos de vista de periodistas acerca de los acontecimientos, así como las opiniones de actores sociales que acceden, directamente o a través de citas, al espacio público. Como una forma de conocer la orientación de la opinión en un debate público según la audiencia a la que se dirige, proponemos caracterizar el flujo de opinión en las noticias de dos diarios de una misma empresa. El flujo de opinión es entendido como el conjunto de puntos de vista emitidos sobre un mismo tema que circulan en los textos periodísticos. Elegimos los diarios El Mercurio y Las Últimas Noticias porque siendo de la misma empresa, El Mercurio S. A. P., están dirigidos a públicos diferentes: el primero dirigido a un público de clase alta y media-alta y el segundo a uno de clase baja y media-baja. Para delimitar el tema, elegimos el debate público generado por el cuestionamiento al sistema previsional chileno. Al respecto nos preguntamos: ¿Qué diferencias hay en el flujo de opinión presentado en las noticias de dos diarios con distintas audiencias pertenecientes a una misma empresa periodística frente al debate público sobre el sistema previsional? Es así que investigamos el flujo de opinión a través del análisis de cuatro niveles: cobertura, voces, problemáticas y tipos de encuadre que recibe la opinión. Los resultados nos muestran diferencias sistemáticas en el flujo de opinión que se ofrece a una y otra audiencia en los cuatro niveles estudiados.