bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased Preoperative Serum AGR as a Diagnostic Marker of Poor Prognosis after Radical Surgery of Upper Urinary Tract and Bladder Cancers from a Pooled Analysis of 9,002 Patients
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Guodong , Chai Yumeng , Li Zhouyue , Che Xuanyan , Wang Yongqiang , Yang Liqing , Zhou Zhongbao
Published: September 2022

A growing number of studies have regarded the preoperative serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) as a prognostic indicator of urothelial carcinoma (UC) following radical surgery. However, a pooled analysis of AGR’s effect on UC prognosis was still insufficient. Up to January 2022, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Stata SE software was applied in this study. The reviewers collected the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS). A total of 9,002 patients from 12 retrospective studies were included in this analysis. The results showed that preoperative serum AGR was significantly associated with the OS (

HR
=
1.85

,

95
%
CI
=
1.43
 
to
 
2.39

), CSS (

HR
=
2.38

,

95
%
CI
=
1.69
 
to
 
3.34

), RFS (

HR
=
1.64

,

95
%
CI
=
1.29
 
to
 
2.08

), PFS (

HR
=
2.16

,

95
%
CI
=
1.43
 
to
 
3.27

), and MFS (

HR
=
3.00

,

95
%
CI
=
1.63
 
to
 
5.53

) of patients with UC following radical surgery. Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results. Subgroup analysis revealed that preoperative low AGR was seen as a risk factor for OS (

HR
=
1.90

,

95
%
CI
=
1.34
 
to
 
2.69

), CSS (

HR
=
2.13

,

95
%
CI
=
1.40
 
to
 
3.26

), and RFS (

HR
=
1.60

,

95
%
CI
=
1.24
 
to
 
2.07

) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but it was only a risk factor for CSS (

HR
=
2.95

,

95
%
CI
=
1.14
 
to
 
7.60

) in bladder cancer (BC). Besides,

preoperative
 
AGR
 
cut
−
value
≤
1.4

could not be deemed as a stable prognostic indicator for RFS (

HR
=
2.07

,

95
%
CI
=
0.71
 
to
 
6.04

) in UC. However, the predictive ability of

AGR
 
cut
−
value
>
1.4

was stable. All in all, preoperative low AGR was considered as a risk factor for UC. AGR level can be regarded as a prognostic indicator for OS, CSS, and RFS in UTUC but only for CSS in BC. AGR greater than 1.4 can be a great cut-off value for predicting the prognosis of UC patients with radical operation.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Factors Related to Intracranial Infection after Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Chen Weiying , Sheng Danli
Published: September 2022

In order to explore the factors related to intracranial infection after brain tumor surgery, a retrospective analysis is conducted in this study. According to the patients with intracranial infection after brain tumor surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020, clinical data are divided into different groups and some indicators are put into the multiple regression model for multivariate analysis. The factors related to intracranial infection after brain tumor surgery are analyzed, and the clinical effect of a detailed management plan based on the abovementioned risk factors to prevent intracranial infection in patients after brain tumor surgery is observed. Multiple regression models demonstrate that complicated underlying diseases, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss are independent risk factors for postoperative intracranial infection.
Food Interactive Packaging Design Method Based on User Emotional Experience
Authors: Song MingDong , Xu Juan , Chen YingBo
Published: September 2022

Based on the interactive food packaging design method based on the user’s emotional experience, the specific food packaging design scheme is completed. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of the food industry, this paper discusses the competitive driving factors between the demand side and the enterprise side for food packaging, integrates the user’s emotional experience into the reality of food packaging, and focuses on the specific practical solutions based on the user’s emotional experience. Incorporating user emotional experience into food packaging design Yuan, 2022 and Liu, 2020 is beneficial to both the impact of food brands and the promotion of product sales. Incorporating user emotional experience has played a very important role in food market competition. At the same time, through practical cases, closely focusing on the user’s emotional experience, it innovatively tried to convert users into core designers of product packaging and adopted a small-batch customized production and packaging mode. This plays a certain guiding and reference role for food packaging design. This paper takes the user’s emotional experience as the research perspective and interactive packaging as the research object, uses the three-level theory of emotionality as the guide, explores the user’s emotional experience path for packaging by means of literature analysis, fieldwork, case analysis, and experiments, and summarizes the design, principles, and methods.
Local and Global Existence and Uniqueness of Solution for Class of Fuzzy Fractional Functional Evolution Equation
Authors: Abuasbeh Kinda , Shafqat Ramsha , Niazi Azmat Ullah Khan , Awadalla Muath
Published: September 2022

For fuzzy fractional functional evolution equations, the concept of global and local existence and uniqueness will be presented in this work. We employ the contraction principle and successive approximations for global and local existence and uniqueness, respectively, as given

0

c

D

q

H

x

I

=
f

I
,

x

I

+

∫

0

I

g

I
,
s
,

x

s

ds
,
I
≥

I

0

,
I
∈

0
,
T

,

x

I

=
ψ

I
−

I

0

=

ψ

0

∈

C

σ

,

I

0

≥
I
≥

I

0

−
σ
,

x

′

I

=

ψ

′

I

=

ψ

1

,

where

C

σ

denotes the set of fuzzy continuous mapping defined on

I

0

−
σ
,
T

and

σ
>
1

. We also use this method to solve fuzzy fractional functional evolution equations with fuzzy population models and distributed delays using fuzzy fractional functional evolution equations. To explain these results, some theorems are given. Finally, certain fuzzy fractional functional evolution equations are illustrated.
The Sense of Travel Deprivation and Its Impact on Travel Decision: A Case Study of China’s Rapidly Urbanizing Region
Authors: Pu Yongming , Ji Xiaofeng , Lian Chenxi
Published: September 2022

Under the guidance of regional policy, many regions in China have recently become urbanized at an unprecedented speed. In these rapidly urbanizing regions, urban transport systems have been constructed and implemented to improve efficiency yet fail to consider transport equity. This article studies the transport equity of residents in China’s rapidly urbanizing regions and depicts the impacts on travel behavior by promoting equity in transport policies at this current stage. As an area of rapid urbanization, we chose the Chenggong district, Kunming, which was established as a new urban district in 2011. The data on travel and transport equity were collected by designing and conducting a questionnaire survey in this area. To characterize residents’ perceptions of transport equity, we defined and developed a method of measuring their sense of travel deprivation so that transport equity describes both their sense of public and private travel deprivation. We then modeled residents’ travel decision-making, which was influenced by their sense of travel deprivation. The results demonstrated that in regions of rapid urbanization, the sense of private travel deprivation was stronger than that of public transport, and private travel deprivation had a negative impact on travel frequency. Meanwhile, no significant correlation was found between the sense of public travel deprivation and travel decision-making. We propose that raising residents’ income alone will not effectively relieve their sense of travel deprivation. Our research highlights that policymakers should also carefully consider the sense of travel deprivation among the elderly in this region and the welfare of indigenous people. Expansion of private transport in this region should be conducted proactively in accordance with scientific and rational planning and management rather than through reactively increasing private transport as rapid urbanization continues.
The Inhibitory Effect of Polyphenon 60 from Green Tea on Melanin and Tyrosinase in Zebrafish and A375 Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: Kazi Mehar Ali , Sahito Reshma , Abbas Qamar , Ullah Sana , Majid Abdul , Phull Abdul Rehman , Rahman Md. Mominur , Kim Song Ja
Published: September 2022

Polyphenon 60 (PP60) from green tea has long been used as an antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic. Aim of the Study. To investigate tyrosinase inhibition-related kinetic mechanism and antimelanogenesis potential of PP60. Materials and Methods. The effect of PP60 on melanin and tyrosinase was evaluated in A375 melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. The melanoma cells were treated with 20, 40, and 60 µg/mL of PP60, and tyrosinase expression was induced by using L-DOPA. The western blot method was used for the evaluation of tyrosinase expression. Cell lysates were prepared from treated and untreated cells for cellular tyrosinase and melanin quantification. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos were treated with 20, 40, and 60 µg/mL of PP60 and reference drug kojic acid for determination of depigmentation and melanin quantification. In vitro assays were also performed to examine the impact of PP60 on mushroom tyrosinase activity. To determine cytotoxicity, MTT was used against melanoma cell line A375. Results. PP60 showed good tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.697 ± 0.021 µg/mL as compared to kojic acid a reference drug with an IC50 value of 2.486 ± 0.085 µg/mL. Kinetic analysis revealed its mixed type of inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, western blot analysis showed that at 60 µg/mL dose of PP60 significantly reduced L-DOPA-induced tyrosinase expression in melanoma cells. PP60 significantly inhibits the cellular tyrosinase (

p
<
0.05

) and reduces the melanin (

p
<
0.05

) contents of melanoma cells. Furthermore, PP60 was found to be very potent in significantly reducing the zebrafish embryos’ pigmentation (

p
<
0.05

) and melanin (

p
<
0.05

) content at the dose of 60 µg/mL. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that PP60 has a strong potency to reduce pigmentation. It may be useful for the cosmetic industries to develop skin whitening agents with minimal toxic effects.
Quercetin Protects against MPP+/MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Death in Parkinson’s Disease by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Lin Zhi-Hao , Liu Yi , Xue Nai-Jia , Zheng Ran , Yan Yi-Qun , Wang Zhong-Xuan , Li Yao-Lin , Ying Chang-Zhou , Song Zhe , Tian Jun , Pu Jia-Li , Zhang Bao-Rong
Published: September 2022

Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, is caused by accumulation of lipid peroxides and excessive iron deposition. This process has been linked to the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra compacta (SNc) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, it has not been established whether QCT can protect against dopaminergic neuron death by inhibiting ferroptosis. In this study, we investigated the potential antiferroptotic effects of QCT in cellular models established using specific ferroptosis inducers (Erastin and RSL-3) and MPP+. The effects were also explored using MPTP-induced PD mouse models. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess cell viability. Variations in mitochondrial morphology were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the mitochondrial membrane potential, mass, and ROS were measured by fluorescent probes. Lipid peroxidation levels were assayed through measurement of lipid ROS, MDA, GSH, and SOD levels. The effects of QCT on MPTP-induced behavioral disorders were examined by rotarod and open field tests. In vitro and in vivo, QCT significantly inhibited ferroptosis by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein. Additionally, QCT ameliorated motor behavioral impairments and protected against the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced PD models. Interestingly, Nrf2 knockdown alleviated the protective effects of QCT against ferroptosis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that ferroptosis is involved in MPP+/MPTP-induced PD, and QCT inhibits ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2 protein. Therefore, QCT is a potential agent for preventing the loss of dopaminergic neurons by targeting ferroptosis.
Bioinformatics-Based Analysis: Noncoding RNA-Mediated COL10A1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhao Hongyu , Guo Yu , Zhang Kai , Shang Fengjia , Liu Tongjun
Published: September 2022

Background. Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is a structural component of the extracellular matrix that is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancer tissues. However, its role in pancreatic cancer progression is not well understood. Methods. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) data were employed to explore the expression of COL10A1 in normal and tumor tissues and its prognostic value in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The clinical data of pancreatic cancer in TCGA were used to explore the relationship between COL10A1 and clinical features. Genes coexpressed with COL10A1 were explored using multiple databases and analyzed for functional enrichment. In addition, the lncRNA/miRNA/COL10A1 axis that may be involved in COL10A1 regulation in pancreatic cancer was explored by constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory axis. Finally, COL10A1 was analyzed for correlation with immune cell infiltration and various immune checkpoint molecules in pancreatic cancer. Results. It was found that the expression of COL10A1 was significantly increased in pancreatic cancer tissues. High expression of COL10A1 was related to the clinicopathological characteristics and the worse prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. The TUG1/miR-144-3p/COL10A1 axis was identified as the most likely upstream noncoding RNA pathway for COL10A1 in pancreatic cancer. Besides, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the expression level of COL10A1 showed a significant positive correlation with tumor immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Conclusion. COL10A1 is an early diagnostic marker, and its high expression correlates with immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer. The TUG1/miR-144-3p/COL10A1 axis was identified as the most likely upstream noncoding RNA pathway for COL10A1 in pancreatic cancer.
Two New Generalizations of Extended Bernoulli Polynomials and Numbers, and Umbral Calculus
Authors: Khan Nabiullah , Ghayasuddin Mohd , Kim Dojin , Choi Junesang
Published: September 2022

Among a remarkably large number of various extensions of polynomials and numbers, and diverse introductions of new polynomials and numbers, in this paper, we choose to introduce two new generalizations of some extended Bernoulli polynomials and numbers by using the Mittag–Leffler function and the confluent hypergeometric function. Then, we investigate certain properties and formulas of these newly introduced polynomials and numbers such as explicit representations, addition formulas, integral formulas, differential formulas, inequalities, and inequalities involving their integrals. Also, by using the theory of umbral calculus, five additional formulas regarding these new polynomials are provided. Furthermore, we propose to introduce four generalizations of the extended Euler and Genocchi polynomials. Finally, three natural problems are poised.
Application Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm in Accounting Field under the Background of Innovation Economy
Authors: Chen Jing
Published: September 2022

At present, economic business activities occur to the accounting element confirmation link of the accounting information system (AIS), which still occupies a large amount of manpower and material resources of the enterprise to generate information. This has been restricting the development of modern AIS. Based on this, first, this paper studies the influence of the knowledge economy on accounting innovation and in the innovation economy. The process of confirmation for accounting elements in economic business, under the traditional AIS, is analyzed. Then, the model of the accounting element confirmation, i.e., BPNN, is constructed by combining the backpropagation (BP) neural network (NN) theory with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. Finally, we simulate the confirmation process of accounting elements based on the economic business data of specific online stores. The experimental outcomes illustrate that under the proposed BPNN model, the output value of the accounting entry is also increasing and has been in the interval [0, 0.14] with the continuous increase in the input value of economic business activities. Moreover, the overall simulation error of economic business activity data does not exceed 0.3% in the simulation test of the proposed accounting business data confirmation model based on the BPNN algorithm. The empirical outcomes indicate that the model has high accuracy and reliability. The purpose is to realize the identification of business events by machines and complete the automatic confirmation of accounting elements in the back-end economic business of online stores. This paper provides new ideas for realizing the overall intelligence of the AIS.
Digital Image Restoration Based on Multicontour Batch Scanning
Authors: Ding Yongsheng , Wei Yunbo , Zhang Shuisheng , Yu Shihang
Published: September 2022

In order to explore the problem of digital image restoration, the authors propose a research on digital image restoration based on multicontour batch scanning. This method recommends key technical problems and solutions based on information represented by multicontour batch scans, exploring research in digital image restoration. Research has shown that the research on digital image restoration based on multicontour batch scanning is about 40% more efficient than traditional methods. Aiming at the new application of digital image inpainting, the application of image inpainting in image compression is studied in depth, and the technical principles of image inpainting and image compression are complemented.
[Retracted] The Risk and Clinical Treatment of Hypertensive Diseases in Pregnant Women
Authors: Xu Jie , Yu Xin , Wang Zhimin
Published: September 2022

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a group of pregnancy‐related diseases characterized by the coexistence of pregnancy and elevated blood pressure, which seriously endanger the health of mothers and infants, and are one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal deaths. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the clinical analysis of vitamin E and astragalus in the adjuvant treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and to describe the learning model. This paper puts forward the problem of clinical treatment, which is established on the basis of adjuvant therapy, then narrates around the clinical characteristics of gestational hypertension, and designs and analyzes the experimental design and analysis of adjuvant therapy with vitamin E and astragalus. The experimental results showed that the delivery methods of the three groups of patients were compared P < 0.05. Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine control group and the vitamin E control group, there were more vaginal births in the experimental group, 36 patients in total. It shows that astragalus and vitamin E can alleviate the disease in different aspects and can effectively intervene in gestational hypertension.
Mechanical Characterization of Anchor under Uniaxial Compression Loading Conditions
Authors: Sun Guanglin , Hu Jiangchun , Wang Hongfang , Li Dewei , Wang Zhiyi
Published: September 2022

Bolt reinforcement technology plays an important role in supporting the construction of many engineering fields, and the uniaxial loading characteristics and behavior tests of anchors have great significance to the research and application of anchors. Therefore, four anchor specimens GA ∼ GD were fabricated and tested to explore the macro and microbehavior characteristics of anchors under uniaxial compression. The stress-strain curves for GA ∼ GC specimens under uniaxial compression were analyzed. The stress-strain curve, elastic strain and creep strain, the failure results, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of specimen GD under multistage loading were investigated. The results showed a series of behavior characteristics of anchor under uniaxial compression. Under uniaxial compression, the shapes of stress-strain curves of three specimens GA ∼ GC were similar, and they had experienced four different stages from stage I to stage IV, respectively. After calculating the uniaxial compressive strength of the three specimens, the average uniaxial compressive strength of these specimens was

σ

c

¯

 = 8.31 MPa. The stress-strain curve of the specimen GD was obtained by a multi-stage loading test. The total strain of the specimen consisted of elastic strain and creep strain. In the whole process of loading, the proportion of elastic strain was greater than that of creep strain, and the proportion range of elastic strain was 51.90% ∼ 55.82%. Seven electrochemical impedance spectrum curves of the specimen GD under multi-stage compression load were obtained. The dispersion and concentration of Nyquist curves were affected by different loading levels; the higher the loading level, the more dispersed the Nyquist curve is. In the measured Bode diagram, compared with the previous six measurements, the variation laws of impedance value and phase angle measured at the seventh time in the failure stage of the specimen were quite different. The above research and conclusions can provide some reference for the test theory and engineering application of anchors.
Approach and Landing Aircraft Wake Encounter Risk Based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Numerical Simulation
Authors: Pan Weijun , Wang Jingkai , Xu Yaxing , Jiang Qianlan , Luo Yuming
Published: September 2022

In order to shorten the wake safe separation, numerical simulation technology with aerodynamic response models and strip models have been combined to calculate wake hazard zone. As a realistic case, a medium aircraft ARJ21 following a heavy aircraft A330-200 is considered, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used to explore the wake vortex evolution process of the leading aircraft at the decision height. A strip algorithm is proposed to calculate the rolling moment coefficient and overload increment of the ARJ21 after encountering the wake of the front aircraft in the three-dimensional space. The proposed algorithm identifies the area where the wake of the front aircraft can cause risks to the following aircraft and analyzes the evolution process of the hazard zone of the section where the decision height is located. The minimum safe separation of the ARJ21 following the A330-200 is 1.32 nmile, which is 26.4% of the ICAO separation standard of 5 nmile. When the average runway occupancy time (ROT) is reduced to match the separation of 1.32 nmile, the capacity of runway 02R/20L in Tianfu International Airport could theoretically reach 102.37 sorties/h under this aircraft pair combination. Compared to original 27 sorties/h, the runway capacity can be improved up to 279.14%, which will increase the airport operation efficiency.
Application of CNN-Based Machine Learning in the Study of Motor Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Peng Xiuyan , Wei Lunpan , Gao Wei
Published: September 2022

With the development of science and technology, the rapid development of social economy, the motor as a new type of transmission equipment, in the production and life of people occupies a pivotal position. Under the rapid development of computer and electronic technology, manufacturing equipment is becoming larger, faster, more continuous, and more automated. This has resulted in complex, expensive, accident-damaging, and high-impact equipment for electric motors; even routine maintenance requires significant equipment maintenance and maintenance costs. If a fault occurs, it will cause serious damage to the entire equipment and can even have a major impact on the entire production process, leading to a serious economic and social life. In this paper, a CNN-based machine learning fault diagnosis method is proposed to address the problem of high incidence of motor faults and difficulty in identifying fault types. A fault reproduction test is constructed by machine learning techniques to extract vibration time domain data for normal operating conditions, rotor eccentricity, stator short circuit, and bearing inner ring fault; divide the data segment into 15 speed segments, extract 13 typical time domain features for each speed segment; and perform mathematical statistics for fault diagnosis. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the method has more comprehensive feature information extraction, higher diagnostic accuracy, and faster diagnostic speed, with a fault diagnosis accuracy of 98.7%.
Analysis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Syphilis and Maternal-Infant Serological Association in Changzhou, China, 2015–2019
Authors: Bian Chaorong , Qin Zhiqiang , Zhang Jieying , Sun Mengtao , Gu Manman , Chen Kejin
Published: September 2022

Background. Although the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis program in China has achieved national coverage for 7 years, controversy still exists regarding the treatment of syphilis and the serological significance of syphilis. Objective. To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with syphilis in Changzhou from 2015-2019 and to further analyze the impact of syphilis serologic titers on perinatal outcomes and neonatal serologic outcomes. Methods. Syphilis-infected pregnant women reported in Changzhou City from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the study population (data were obtained from the “China Information System for Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of AIDS, Syphilis and Hepatitis B.” Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, and medication were collected to describe adverse pregnancy outcomes and the distribution of non-pale leptospiral antibody titers during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also compared differences in syphilis titers among mothers who received different interventions, differences in serologic outcomes of their children, and correlations between them. Results. For mothers with syphilis infection, we found no treatment during pregnancy (OR =1.70) and an initial titer greater than 1 : 8 (OR =2.28) to be risk factors. For treated pregnant women, increasing age (OR =1.08), lack of standardized treatment (OR =1.87), and initial titer greater than 1 : 8 (OR =1.69) were risk factors, while previous parity was a protective factor (OR =0.62). For untreated pregnant women, marital status (OR =2.40) and initial titers greater than 1 : 8 (OR =3.57) were risk factors. There were statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.01

) in serologic titer changes, time to antibody regression, and time to exclusion of syphilis infection in children of pregnant women with syphilis infection after receiving different interventions during pregnancy, but different time distributions of interventions had no effect on these three indicators. Conclusion. Pregnant women with syphilis should actively cooperate with their doctors in the standardized treatment of pregnancy, and doctors should also pay more attention to pregnant women with syphilis whose initial titers are greater than 1 : 8. High-quality prenatal care is a key component in interrupting mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and preventing various adverse pregnancy outcomes. The adaptation of standardized treatment protocols for pregnant women with syphilis in China is a strong proof of the progress of precision medicine.
Diet and Exercise in Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Locasale Jason W.
Published: September 2022

Diet and exercise are modifiable lifestyle factors known to have a major influence on metabolism. Clinical practice addresses diseases of altered metabolism such as diabetes or hypertension by altering these factors. Despite enormous public interest, there are limited defined diet and exercise regimens for patients with cancer. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of cancer has converged over the past 15 years on an essential role for altered metabolism in cancer. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of diet and exercise on cancer metabolism is in its very early stages. In this perspective, I propose conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of diet and exercise on cancer cell metabolism and tumor biology and also highlight recent developments. By advancing our mechanistic understanding, I will discuss actionable ways that such interventions could eventually reach the mainstay of both medical oncology and cancer control and prevention.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Stem Cell Mobilization Failure in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Hsu Te-Lin , Tsai Chun-Kuang , Liu Chun-Yu , Yeh Chiu-Mei , Lin Fen-Lan , Hsiao Liang-Tsai , Liu Yao-Chung , Wang Hao-Yuan , Ko Po-Shen , Lin Ting-An , Chen Wen-Chun , Chen Po-Min , Liu Jin-Hwang , Gau Jyh-Pyng , Liu Chia-Jen
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a well-established treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and adequate stem cell collection must be assured before ASCT. However, prediction of poor mobilizers (PMs) is still difficult despite several risk factors for mobilization failure having been identified. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed MM patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan who underwent stem cell collection between October 2006 and August 2020. A CD34+ cell collection of <1 × 106 cells/kg was defined as a mobilization failure. The primary endpoint was mobilization failure. The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mobilization failure were calculated using a logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of mortality was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In the multivariate analysis, absolute monocyte count <500/µL (adjusted OR 10.75, 95% CI: 1.82–63.57, p = 0.009), platelet count <150,000/µL (adjusted OR 12.49, 95% CI: 2.65–58.89, p = 0.001) before mobilization, and time interval from diagnosis to stem cell harvest ≥180 days (adjusted OR 7.69, 95% CI: 1.61–36.87, p = 0.011) were risk factors for PMs. PM patients had poorer OS compared to patients with successful stem cell collection in the univariate analysis (log-rank test p = 0.027). The predicted probability of PMs was estimated by the multiple logistic regression model with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 84.0%. Conclusion: Absolute monocyte count <500/µL, platelet count <150,000/µL, and treatment duration more than 180 days before stem cell mobilization are risk factors for unsuccessful stem cell collection. Our prediction models have high sensitivity and specificity for mobilization failure prediction and allow for early interventions for possible PMs.
COVID-19-Related Quantitative and Qualitative Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction: Long-Term Prevalence and Recovery Rate
Authors: Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Tofanelli Margherita , Zanelli Enrico , Gardenal Nicoletta , Tirelli Giancarlo
Published: September 2022

Introduction: No studies have reported data on 2-year prevalence and recovery rates of self-reported COVID-19-related quantitative and qualitative olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to estimate the 2-year prevalence and recovery rate of self-reported COVID-19-related olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in a cohort of patients with antecedent mild-to-moderate disease. Methods: This is a prospective observational study, measuring the prevalence of altered sense of smell or taste at follow-up and their variation from baseline, on adult patients consecutively assessed at Trieste University Hospital, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction during March 2020. Results: Overall, 174 (68.8%), 53 (20.9%), and 36 (14.2%) of 253 responders reported an altered sense of smell or taste (SNOT-22 >0) at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. Among the 174 patients who have complained a COVID-19-associated olfactory or gustatory dysfunction at baseline, 138 (79.3%) reported complete resolution of smell or taste impairment with 17 subjects (9.8%) recovering after more than 1 year after the initial infection, 33 (19.0%) reported a decrease in the severity, and only 3 (1.7%) reported that the symptom was unchanged at the 24-month interview. Twenty subjects (7.9%) complained of at least one qualitative long-term symptom. Conclusion: Two years after the infection, most patients experience a favourable evolution of COVID-19-related olfactory or gustatory dysfunction. A late recovery was observed in 10% of subjects.
Reprogramming of Energy Metabolism in Kidney Disease
Authors: Singh Prabhleen
Published: September 2022

Kidney tubules have high metabolic activity to support solute transport and other cellular functions. Energy generation in the kidney is largely dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, particularly in the proximal tubules. Important alterations in the pathways of energy generation and cellular metabolism have been identified in early and late stages of kidney disease. This review provides a succinct summary of the current literature on the central role of energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic kidney disease.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the INTEnsive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Billot Laurent , Song Lili , Hu Xin , Ma Lu , Ouyang Menglu , Chen Xiaoying , You Chao , Anderson Craig S. ,   on behalf of the INTERACT3 Investigators
Published: September 2022

The third INTEnsive care bundle with blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3) is an international, multicenter, stepped-wedge (4 phases/3 steps) cluster randomized trial involving 110 hospitals in mainly low- and middle-income countries during 2017–2022. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of a goal-directed care bundle of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering, glycemic control, antipyrexia, and anticoagulation reversal treatment versus usual standard of care, in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). After a “usual care” period, hospitals were randomly allocated to implementing care-bundle protocols for control targets (systolic BP <140 mm Hg; glucose 6.1–7.8/7.8–10.0 mmol/L according to diabetes mellitus status; temperature ≤37.5°C; normalization of anticoagulation). A sample size of 8,360 patients (mean 19 per phase per site) provides 90% power (α = 0.05) for a 5.6% absolute improvement in the primary outcome of scores on the modified Rankin scale at 6 months, analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. A detailed statistical analysis plan (SAP) was developed to prespecify the method of analysis for all outcomes and key variables collected in the trial. The primary analysis will use ordinal logistic regression adjusted for the stepped-wedge design. The SAP also includes planned sensitivity analyses, including covariate adjustments, missing data imputations, and subgroup analysis. This SAP allows transparent, verifiable, and prespecified analyses in consideration of the challenges in conducting the study during the COVID pandemic. It also avoids analysis bias arising from prior knowledge of the findings in determining the benefits and harms of a care bundle in acute ICH.
Neonatal Anoxia Impacts Rats’ Maternal Behavior and Offspring Development due to Ultrasonic Vocalization’s Impairment
Authors: Helou Ammir Yacoub , Ochoa Natalia Andrea Cruz , Felicio Luciano Freitas , Nogueira Maria Inês
Published: September 2022

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a severe clinical condition, among others, affecting the brain after offspring exposure to neonatal anoxia, which causes persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. During peripartum, maternal behaviors are crucial for the healthy development of the offspring. In rats, the vocalization of newborns, around 40 kHz, corresponds to separation calls that encourage their mothers to retrieve them. Alterations in this pattern affect the maternal behavior addressed to the offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal behavior of primiparous rats whose offspring were exposed to neonatal anoxia in P2 (postpartum day) during the lactation period, to assess mother-pup interactions through the pups’ vocalization from P3 to P18. It also intends to quantify eventual neuronal alterations in the mothers’ medial preoptic area after the last weaning (P21) through FOS protein expression. Anoxia offspring were found to reduce maternal behaviors toward them, increased frequency of separation calls in the male anoxia group, and reduced vocalization rate in the female anoxia group compared to their respective controls. Body weight gain reduction of males’ and females’ anoxia was observed. We concluded that anoxia exerts deleterious effects on the vocalization patterns of the pups, with sex differences that alter maternal behavior toward them. Impaired USV makes an additional negative impact on the already noxious effects of neonatal anoxia. Understanding those phenomena applies/contributes to guiding procedures and strategies to mitigate the deleterious outcomes and orient research concerning the complexity of neonatal anoxia events and the influence of maternal care quality concerning the pups, which should also be considered sex differences.
РОЛЬ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ КРОВІ В ОЦІНЦІ ПРОГНОЗУ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ У СТАЦІОНАРНИХ ХВОРИХ
Authors: Височанська В. В. , Поляк І. В. , Галамба А. А. , Когутич А. І.
Published: September 2022

Швидка клінічна діагностика COVID-19 є ключем до симптоматичного лікування, термінового скерування до відділення інтенсивної терапії та ізоляції пацієнта. Біохімічний аналіз сироватки крові та гемограма є рутинними, швидкими й недорогими методиками, які полегшують верифікацію діагнозу. Біомаркери запалення, отримані з периферичної крові, такі як кількість лейкоцитів, нейтрофілів, лімфоцитів, тромбоцитів та їх співвідношення, були описані як незалежні предиктори для оцінки перебігу та прогнозу коронавірусної хвороби.
Мета роботи – підрахунок показників загального аналізу крові для передбачення ступеня тяжкості коронавірусної хвороби, а також ризику летального висліду.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз 105 історій хвороби пацієнтів з підтвердженою шляхом ПЛР коронавірусною хворобою, які перебували не менше 11 діб у КНП «ОКІЛ» ЗОР за жовтень-грудень 2021 р. Порівнювали показники загального аналізу крові (ЗАК) в абсолютних числах на перший, п’ятий та десятий день після госпіталізації, виконаного на автоматичному гематологічному аналізаторі типу Abacus junior. Статистична обробка у програмі Jamovi v. 1,6.
Висновки. Критерієм сприятливого перебігу захворювання у госпіталізованих пацієнтів є наростання кількості лімфоцитів і тромбоцитів у динаміці та відсутність лейкоцитозу. Абсолютна кількість лейкоцитів, що перевищує норму у першу добу після госпіталізації чи наростання числа лейкоцитів на 50 та більше відсотків після 5-ї доби госпіталізації є прогностичним маркером погіршення стану. Поєднання наростаючого лейкоцитозу та лімфопенії зазвичай свідчить про перехід у тяжку форму недуги та імовірний летальний вислід.
МАРКЕРИ АПОПТОЗУ У ДІТЕЙ З ВІТРЯНОЮ ВІСПОЮ, ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Незгода І. І. , Левицька Л. І.
Published: September 2022

Мета дослідження – визначити показники апоптозу за зовнішнім і мітохондріальним шляхом та розробити можливі методи їх корекції у пацієнтів з вітряною віспою.

Пацієнти і методи. Під спостереженням перебувало 150 хворих із вітряною віспою віком від 1 міс. до 17 років, які протягом 2015-2019 рр. лікувалися стаціонарно в КЗ «Вінницька обласна клінічна дитяча інфекційна лікарня». Серед пацієнтів сформовані 2 групи: група порівняння – пацієнти з вітряною віспою, що отримували традиційне лікування (n=35); основна група – пацієнти з вітряною віспою, що отримували крім традиційного лікування L-аргінін (n=35); група контролю – здорові діти (n=30).

Дослідження виконані в науково-дослідній клініко-діагностичній лабораторії ВНМУ ім. М.І. Пирогова, сертифікованої МОЗ України (атестат акредитації вимірювальної лабораторії серія КДЛ № 002087, свідоцтво про переатестацію №049/15 від 02 березня 2015 р.). Каспазу-8 та AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, апоптоз-індукувальний фактор) визначали в сироватці крові імуноферментним методом з використанням комерційних наборів «Human CASP8 (Caspase 8) ELISA Kit» («Elabscience Biotechnology Inc.», США) та «Human AIF (Apoptosis Inducing Factor) ELISA Kit» («Elabscience Biotechnology Inc.», США).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При оцінці показників апоптозу встановлено, що у хворих на вітряну віспу сироватковий вміст каспази-8 вище на 43 % (р<0,05), а вміст AIF – на 37,6 % (р<0,05), порівняно з групою здорових дітей. З’ясувавши ці закономірності і враховуючи те, що зазначені показники можуть негативно вплинути на перебіг самого захворювання і викликати розвиток ряду ускладнень, а саме: енцефаліту, ішемічного чи геморагічного інсульту тощо (через ремоделювання та ураження судин), ми включили в схему лікування препарат L-аргініну, що впливає на синтез оксиду азоту (NO) та може моделювати процес апоптозу. З’ясувалось, що в основній групі до лікування медіана вмісту каспази-8 становила 0,522 (95 % СІ 0,488-0,557) нг/мл і AIF – 8,17 (95 % СІ 7,82-8,70) пг/мл, після лікування відбулось вірогідне зменшення цих критеріїв. Так, за середніми показниками сироватковий рівень каспази-8 зменшився на 21,5 % (р<0,05) і становив 0,410 (95 % СІ 0,292-0,531) нг/мл, а AIF – на 22,7 % (р<0,05) та становив 6,41 (95 % СІ 5,68-6,93) пг/мл.

Висновки. Визначення показників каспази-8 та AIF дозволило виявити у пацієнтів з вітряною віспою запуск програми апоптозу клітин як за зовнішнім, так і за мітохондріальним шляхом. Враховуючи це, у пацієнтів з вітряною віспою в схему лікування доцільно включити препарат L-аргініну, який має антиапоптичну дію, що в подальшому може запобігти розвитку ускладнень, пов’язаних з VZV-васкулопатією.
ДО ЮВІЛЕЮ ВІДОМОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВЧЕНОГО-МІКРОБІОЛОГА ПРОФЕСОРА СЕРГІЯ ІВАНОВИЧА КЛИМНЮКА
Authors: Avtoriv Kolektyv
Published: September 2022

Наведено біографічні дані й творчий доробок С.І. Климнюка – доктора медичних наук, професора, відомого вченого-мікробіолога, навчання та трудова діяльність якого пов’язана з Тернопільським національним медичним університетом імені І.Я. Горбачевського.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДІЄТИЧНОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ШЛУНКОВО-КИШКОВОГО ТРАКТУ ХАРЧОВИМИ ПРОДУКТАМИ ДЛЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕДИЧНИХ ЦІЛЕЙ
Authors: Воронцова Т. О. , Федорців О. Є. , Крицький І. О. , Гощинський П. В. , Дживак В. Г.
Published: September 2022

Мета – вивчити ефективність включення до раціону дітей із функціональними закрепами та синдромом подразненого кишечника шроту насіння льону.
Матеріали та методи. Під нашим спостереженням перебували 50 дітей шкільного віку від 8 до 13 років. Вони були поділені на дві групи. Першу групу склали 18 дітей із функціональними закрепами та синдромом подразненого кишечника, вони отримували комплексне лікування відповідно до протоколів МОЗ України. У другій групі (32 дітей) на тлі комплексного лікування відповідно до протоколів МОЗ України було додано шрот насіння льону. У комплексному лікуванні його застосовували в дозі 1 чайна ложка на 50–100 мл рідини 3 рази на день. Тривалість курсу лікування становила від 2 до 3 тижнів, з повторним призначенням через 1 місяць. Оцінку результатів було проведено на 2-й та 4-й тижні.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Після проведеного аналізу комплексного лікування у групі із застосуванням шроту насіння льону відзначено ліквідацію запорів, причому ефекту було досягнуто вже на другому тижні лікування і зберігався він при скасуванні медикаментозних препаратів. При наявності больового синдрому він зменшувався без призначення спазмолітиків. Паралельно відбувалися зменшення і ліквідація таких симптомів, як зниження апетиту, метеоризм. Повторне застосування шроту льону вже як самостійного лікування підтримувало позитивний результат. У контрольній групі також відзначено позитивну динаміку на фоні базисної терапії, але тенденція до поліпшення стану була поступовою, з утриманням симптоматики після відміни медикаментів.
Висновки. Включення шроту насіння льону в комплексну терапію функціональних закрепів та синдрому подразненого кишечника у дітей сприяє нормалізації випорожнень, знижує больовий і диспептичний синдроми і ​​покращує якість життя хворих. Особливо цінним є призначення шроту льону для завершення гострих чи досягнення надійної і тривалої ремісії хронічних патологічних процесів та вторинної профілактики.
EFFECT OF HYSTERECTOMY WITH OPPORTUNISTIC SALPINGECTOMY FOR UTERINE FIBROIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND WAYS OF ITS REDUCTION
Authors: Proshchenko O. M. , Ventskivska I. B.
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study – to determine the effect of hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy for uterine fibroids on the manifestation and progression of metabolic syndrome and to develop ways of reducing the identified changes.
Materials and Methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation of the influence of hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy for uterine fibroids on the development of metabolic syndrome was performed in the Gynecological Department of Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Kyiv Perinatal Center”. 160 women were included in the study: 90 patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy including fallopian tubes (both classical and associated with laparoscopy), and 70 women underwent abdominal hysterectomy including fallopian tubes.
Results and Discussion.  The development and progression of hypoestrogenemia after hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy contributes to the loss of cardioprotective effects of estrogen, accompanied by psychoemotional and vegetative-vascular dystonia in the early postoperative period of mild and moderate degree, mostly in women under 45 years (30.63 % and 71.86 %, respectively), while metabolic and endocrine abnormalities are practically absent. At the same time, 12 months after surgery, 56.9 % of patients undergo gradual formation of the main components of the metabolic syndrome – hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increasing parameters of atherogenic lipid fractions, increased BMI and vegetative dystonia of the hypertensive type.
Conclusions. The use of metabolic therapy in the remote postoperative period allowed to control blood pressure and improve the clinical and laboratory parameters, namely reducing the level of atherogenicity index by 1.3 times (p<0.05), glycated hemoglobin, OGTT, HOMA index – by 0.8 times against baseline before treatment, which was accompanied by improvement of psycho-emotional and vegetative-vascular manifestations.