bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novels of the legal regulation of copyright protection on the Internet
Authors: Kochyna O. S. , Shevchenko V. S.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the system of Ukrainian legislation in the field of copyright protection on the Internet, as well as to the provision of proposals on the basis of this analysis to improve the regulatory regulation of copyright protection on the Internet.

It has been established that the development of the latest digital technologies, the large-scale use of the Internet, along with numerous positive aspects, causes a number of problems related to the protection of copyright.

It is noted that in the field of improving the protection of intellectual rights in general and copyrights in particular, positive changes have taken place in recent years regarding the protection and protection of copyrights. An important step in the field of copyright protection was the adoption in December 2022 of the new Law «On Copyright and Related Rights».

Innovations in the field of copyright protection on the Internet, which are provided for by the new Law «On Copyright and Related Rights», have been analyzed. In particular, the new powers of the patent attorney, cases of extending the time limits for the performance of certain actions by website owners and hosting service providers, the procedure for holding the hosting service provider or website owner to account for failure to perform certain actions provided for by law, new opportunities for the applicant to specify data on hosting provider or website owner.

Considering the procedure for copyright protection in court, it is proposed to introduce the «John Doe» concept into the rules of procedural law, according to which the right holder has the opportunity to initiate legal proceedings even when the identity of the offender is not established at the time of filing the lawsuit.

The authors draw attention to the need to create a specialized court that will consider disputes in the field of intellectual property, work on the creation of which began back in 2017, but is currently incomplete and slowed down.

In the conclusions to this article, the authors substantiate the relevance and need for further research in this area, as well as the need for further reform of national legislation in the field of copyright protection on the Internet in order to reduce offenses in this area and effectively protect the rights of authors.
The role of the ECHR Commissioner in the system of entities that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms (administrative-legal aspect)
Authors: Kozhemyakina T. V.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the role and place of the ECHR Commissioner in the system of entities that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms in Ukraine. It has been established that over the past thirty years, a system of public-authority subjects has been formed in Ukraine, the main duty of which is to ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. It was established that the term “system of public-authority entities” means the coordinated work of all elements that make up such a system. However, the analysis of special literature shows that only a few scientific sources try, firstly, to name a complete list of elements of such a system, and secondly, to characterize its interaction among themselves as elements of a single system. It has been proven that the system of entities that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms must meet the following criteria: 1) must have a set of elements sufficient for its viability; 2) its elements interact with each other and complement each other, which gives the system integrity and stability; 3) is effective and viable if it is unfavorable to external negative and destructive manifestations. It was found that the concept of “a system of entities that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms in Ukraine” is characterized by the following features: a) we are talking about public-authority entities that exercise their powers, firstly, as representatives of legislative, judicial and executive power, secondly, as state bodies that do not belong to any of the branches of state power; b) the term “ensuring protection” allows the subjects of such a system to include not only law enforcement and judicial bodies that directly exercise jurisdictional protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms in the country, but also subjects that perform non-jurisdictional human rights activities. It was concluded that the system of public-authority entities that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms in Ukraine includes: 1) entities that establish the principles of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms and ensure legal regulation of such protection; 2) entities that, in order to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals, carry out jurisdictional (law enforcement) activities; 3) entities administering justice; 4) entities that carry out activities related to the prevention of violations of the rights and freedoms of individuals; 5) subjects carrying out non-jurisdictional human rights activities. Accordingly, the ECHR Commissioner refers to the public-authority subjects of the executive power that carry out non-jurisdictional human rights activities.
Penalties as the main form of liability for violation of the General Regulation on Personal Data Protection in the EU
Authors: Lavorska I. , Stahura S.
Published: February 2024

The article outlines the legal basis of the penalties for violation of the General Data Protection Regulation in the EU. The necessity of studying the mechanisms by which the procedure for collecting fines for violations in the field of personal data protection within the European Union is carried out. Provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation are analyzed in order to apply the experience of EU member states in the field of personal data protection as well as in the context of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU law.

The article analyzes changes in the legislation on the protection of personal data and identifies the most frequently applied penalties in the form of fines imposed on companies in countries such as Great Britain, Netherlands, and Spain. Forms of liability for violations of the Regulation are: administrative fine, warning, temporary suspension of activity, or certain actions performed by the controller or operator. In addition to the list, member states in their domestic legislation have the right to establish additional forms of liability for violations of personal data protection, if such a penalty does not contradict the GDPR.

In the article, it has also been determined which violations in the field of personal data protection act as grounds for imposing fines, namely, it has been established that these are non-compliance by companies with the security of personal data, non-observance of conditions and rules regarding consent to the processing of personal data, and the subsequent use by companies of personal data of customers after the leak the period provided for their use or the transfer of customer data to third parties. As mentioned above, the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation contributed to ensuring the stability of normative acts that regulate issues related to the confidentiality of personal data of users, as well as responsibility for the violation of rights related to such data. According to the Regulation, any information by which a person can be identified should be interpreted as personal data. The article examines the application of mechanisms for imposing fines and analyzes the circumstances that determine the extent of liability for violations in the field of personal data protection.
Diseño de elementos lúdicos para apoyar el reconocimiento de emociones en el proceso terapéutico cognitivo-conductual de niñas y niños de 6 a 8 años que padecen trastornos de ansiedad en la CDMX y área metropolitana
Authors:   , Buyoli Saavedra Alma Karla
Published: February 2024

En la actualidad, la ansiedad representa uno de los mayores y más silenciosos problemas de la sociedad. Del mismo modo, las infancias y las adolescencias son una población que se ve afectada en gran medida por estos trastornos. En definitiva, estas es una población con una problemática apremiante de considerar, observar y trabajar. Por tal razón, resulta fundamental generar herramientas y estrategias que permitan a niños, niñas y adolescentes identificar y regular sus emociones de manera efectiva. Aprender a identificar las emociones es algo de suma importancia no solo dentro del proceso terapéutico, sino en la vida diaria del infante. En primer lugar, el hecho de reconocer y expresar emociones contribuye a canalizar la ansiedad. De igual forma, esto les ayuda a aprender a enfrentar los problemas de la vida diaria de una manera adecuada; por lo tanto, lo anterior se estima como un beneficio no solo en la infancia, sino también en la edad adulta. Asimismo, un correcto manejo emocional les permite incrementar la percepción de control sobre los sucesos que viven. Igualmente, esto refuerza su habilidad para empatizar, resolver conflictos y llegar a acuerdos, lo que mejora su forma de relacionarse con otras personas. En suma, son diferentes beneficios que se otorgarían al infante al aprender a conocer, identificar y expresar sus emociones. No obstante, estas aportaciones pueden ser mayores si se realizan a través de elementos lúdicos. Para empezar, la recreación es una acción nata y cotidiana en los infantes. El uso de fantasía, el juego simbólico y la imaginación son actividades naturales del desarrollo en el juego de los infantes (Schaefer, 2012). De igual manera, cuando las y los menores juegan, aprenden a tolerar la frustración, a regular sus emociones y a destacar en una tarea que es innata (Schaefer, 2012). En esa medida, el juego es quizá el medio más poderoso y apropiado para el desarrollo en el cual las y los menores pueden construir relaciones con los adultos, desarrollar el pensamiento causal, procesar las experiencias estresantes y aprender habilidades sociales (Chaloner, 2001). Por tal motivo, la propuesta para apoyar el proceso terapéutico se efectúa por medio de elementos lúdicos que permitan a los infantes identificar y expresar emociones a través del juego. Por tal motivo el objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar elementos lúdicos que apoyen a los niños de 6 a 8 años diagnosticados con ansiedad que se encuentren en tratamiento psicológico de la teoría cognitivo-conductual en la CDMX y área metropolitana con el fin de que puedan conocer, identificar y expresar sus emociones.
4 powody, dla których warto zamienić formoterol na salmeterol
Authors: Sybilski Adam J.
Published: February 2024

Astma i przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc to jedne z najczęstszych schorzeń, z jakimi styka się w gabinecie lekarz rodzinny. Obie choroby w znacznym stopniu pogarszają jakość życia pacjentów. Wymagają intensywnego, skutecznego i przewlekłego leczenia, a pacjenci – stałej opieki. Do każdego pacjenta należy podchodzić indywidualnie i zawsze ocenić bezpieczeństwo i skuteczność terapii. Przedstawione w artykule argumenty wskazują, że czasami warto zamienić formoterol na salmeterol.
Efficient disruptive power plant-based heat engines doing work by means of strictly isothermal closed processes
Authors: Ferreiro Garcia Ramon
Published: February 2024

This research discusses a methodology to integrate strictly isothermal closed processes within thermal cycles characterized by working through contraction processes by extracting heat at free cost. An analysis of a preliminary design study of an engine and cycle doing useful work by expansion and contraction is carried out, whereby the energy balance equations are adjusted when considering contraction work as the core of the problem-solving strategy. The results of the preliminary design study will be applied to the implementation of the disruptive power unit prototype operating with real gasses as working fluids, which allows a precise and clear understanding of the issue of generating useful work through the expansion, contraction, and regeneration of heat by applying advanced heat recovery techniques to convert heat into useful work, thus achieving efficient power units that exhibit the ability to exceed 100% of added thermal energy due to the contribution of the contraction-based work performed at free cost..
Determination of measurement uncertainty by a Monte Carlo method for an RF power sensor calibration system using a VNA
Authors: Jaworski Marek , Szatkowski Jarosław , Kossek Tomasz
Published: February 2024

This work proposes a systematic assessment of measuring type A uncertainty (caused by random errors) used in RF power sensor calibration. To reduce A type uncertainty, several successive measurements are repeated. The uncertainty arises from repeatability errors in connectors caused by changes in their electrical properties during repeated mating. The suitability of the METAS UncLib software was analysed and we concluded that software should be developed to take into account the shape of probability density function (PDF) using a Monte Carlo method (MCM), which was lacking in METAS UncLib. The self-developed software was then tested on an example taken from the literature and the superiority of the MCM over the analytical method (GUM) was confirmed. During the calibration of the RF sensor using a vector network analyzer (VNA), a series of repeated measurements were performed and, after applying our MCM software, it was found that the measurement uncertainties calculated by the MCM method were several times larger than those by the GUM. The reason for this was that the correlation between the measured input quantities was not taken into account. When this was done using a covariance matrix and assuming a normal PDF of the input quantities, the results obtained with the GUM and the MCM converged. Our main objective was to investigate the influence of the PDF shape of the input measurement samples on the measurement uncertainty. Taking more than a dozen measurements is too costly, on the other hand, the small sample size prevents a reliable determination of the PDF shape. Finally, to overcome this inconvenience, we have developed a special method that uses the histograms of standardized input data taken at all measurement frequencies under fixed conditions without disconnecting the connectors, to increasing the total number of results which were needed to create the PDF histograms of input quantities.
Protective and multi-organ effects of MOTS-c and other mitochondrial-derived peptides in the endocrine system
Authors: Kamiński Kacper , Szyszka Marta , Blatkiewicz Małgorzata , Ruciński Marcin
Published: February 2024

The discovery of mitochondria-derived peptides has facilitated a comprehensive understanding of their protective effects on various organs. One of such peptides, Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-C (MOTS-c), was initially characterized in 2015 as a bioactive molecule that regulates gene expression and cellular metabolism via 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

MOTS-c has exhibited notable protective effects across diverse organs, including protection against diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, alleviating the impacts of ageing, and regulating the immune response. Despite these well-established functions, the precise role of MOTS-c in the endocrine system remains elusive. However, recent research emphasizes the increasing significance of MOTS-c and other mitochondrial-derived peptides in regulating endocrine system function and addressing metabolism-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current information on the action of MOTS-c and other mitochondrial--derived peptides in various endocrine system organs.
Can we make anatomical specimen last forever? Technical note on photogrammetry
Authors: Jankiewicz Jakub , Mazurek Mateusz , Gajda-Janiak Antonina , Pioterek Oliwier , Drążyk Mateusz , Tulski Michał , Domański Jurand , Domagała Zygmunt
Published: February 2024

Photogrammetry is technique which allows generation of three-dimensional models using photographic images. It is relatively new technique and very rarely used, as for now, in anatomy, but in our opinion, it has a great potential for being great alternative for conventional anatomy teaching methods.

In the anatomy department of Wroclaw Medical University, we decided to check usefulness of this method as it comes to generation of anatomical models. In process we came up with a very simple, yet effective way of taking photos and generating models sufficient for didactics. We based our technique on very accessible and user-friendly mobile phone apps, basic medical-grade lamp setup, mobile phone cameras, and free computer software. All that makes our technique easy, fast, and cheap – which makes this method a better, potentially widely available alternative for conventional learning materials.

We are sure photogrammetry will become more and more popular because of its superiority to digital anatomical resources such as three-dimensional atlases. Additionally, we can see a rise in popularity of technologies such as VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality), which can be useful in further implementation and development of photogrammetric 3D anatomical models as studies have shown.
Hepatocellular carcinoma – a complicated matter
Authors: Myint Eaint Chu Moe , Wozniak Slawomir
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma and socioeconomic status of a population have a complicated relationship. While the determinants that are associated with increasing the risks of getting the disease are attributing the incidence and prevalence in certain regions, the availability of essential healthcare plays the main role in favourable prognosis and lower mortality rates.
Habitat use by waterbirds at Rački ribniki, NE Slovenia
Authors: Bordjan Dejan , Martinc Urška
Published: February 2024

The difference in habitat use by the observed waterbird species at Rački ribniki (Rače Ponds, NE Slovenia) was studied between June and August 2011. It was assessed that different waterbird species, even closely related species likeAythyaducks, use wetlands differently, with Tufted DucksA. fuligulaobserved more on Open water and Ferruginous DucksA. nyrocamore often amongst Floating vegetation. The latter was used more often probably due to the abundance of food in the habitat. Highest species richness was recorded on Floating vegetation as well. This was reflected in species richness of individual ponds, where ponds with more floating vegetation had higher species richness. Although CootsFulica atrawere expected to utilize Floating vegetation more often due to their feeding preferences, they were observed more often on Open water probably feeding on fish fodder available there. The difference in habitat use by the families and nonbreeding individuals of the same species was noted, too, mostly by observing families in habitats that provide more cover from predators (Reeds), or more invertebrate food (Floating vegetation) for the young that often feed on different food than adults. Furthermore, it was suggested that overall management of wetlands should consider providing more suitable wetlands with larger aquatic vegetation cover.
Human disturbance affects distribution but not nesting success of the Great Reed Warbler in a semi-urban reed habitat
Authors: Mérő Thomas Oliver , Malbaša Dora , Šećerov Ivana , Žuljević Antun
Published: February 2024

So far, much effort has been invested in the conservation of vulnerable freshwater habitats, yet their number still displays a decreasing tendency worldwide. Although many species have accepted man-made wetlands, their frequent disturbance may have a negative impact on these species. In this study, we examined the effects of human disturbance on the Great Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, nesting population in a semi-urban reed habitat (canal) in Sombor, north-western Serbia. We found that Great Reed Warblers avoided nesting in canal sections where humans altered the reed and bank vegetation by cutting and building piers and other objects. The nesting population moved to other, less disturbed canal sections. Despite the disturbance, the breeding parameters, such as brood parasitism, nest predation, nest desertion and nesting success, did not show significant variations. We conclude that human disturbance does not change breeding performance but may cause adult birds to leave the habitat. We suggest that any human disturbance should be limited and carefully undertaken by following governmental rules.
Comparative Environmental and Economic Analysis of Biomethane Production from Co-Digestion of Rice Straw and Spent Mushroom Compost: Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Ardabili Sina , Pourdarbani Razieh , Maleki Lotfollah , Jafari Gholamhossein , Hernandez-Hernandez José Luis
Published: February 2024

Spent mushroom compost is one of the main potentials for biogas production. In recent years, several studies employed adding nanoparticles and alkaline pretreatment for improving biogas production. The present study is one of the pioneer studies that employ hybrid alkaline pretreatment (0, 5, and 15 mg of NaOH) and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) for improving the co-digestion of spent mushroom compost and rice straw. According to the results, retention time (RT) and nanoparticle (NP) concentrations have the most significant impact on biomethane production (significant at 1% probability level), while the NaOH concentration has the lowest impact on biomethane production (significant at 5% probability level) in comparison with RT and NP concentration. Also, the maximum biomethane production is related to NP40Na15 (about 200% higher than the control). The minimum cumulative biomethane production is related to NP0Na15 (about 30% lower than the control). The lowest relative environmental midpoint impact is related to NP40Na15, which was on average about 60% lower than the control. Adding NPs at high concentrations of NaOH reduces the midpoint impacts. The results of the study could lead to new, ecologically friendly biomethane production methods that make better use of agricultural and organic wastes.
Use of Cacao Pod Husks Under Different Pretreatments for Bioenergy Production
Authors: Hennessey-Ramos Licelander , Murillo-Arango Walter , Vasco-Correa Juliana
Published: February 2024

The current study sought to determine the potential of cacao pod husks for energy use. Biogas potential, the kinetics of anaerobic digestion at bench scale, and physicochemical characterisation of materials were evaluated for cacao pod husks (CPH), depectinised cacao pod husks (CPH-D), and cacao pod husks treated by Pleurotus spp. (CPH-DF). These materials showed accumulated biogas productions of 314.86 ±4.45 l·kg−1 VS−1, 369.49 ±15.98 l·kg−1 VS−1, and 342.52 ±10.98 l·kg−1 VS−1, respectively. The calorific values in CPH-DF, CPH, and CHP-DF were 17.65 MJ·kg−1, 15.43 MJ·kg−1, and 17.21 MJ·kg−1, respectively. These values indicate that the evaluated materials have a high potential to be used as biofuels.
Near Infrared Technology Coupled with Different Spectra Correction Approaches for Fast and Non-Destructive Prediction of Chlorogenic Acid on Intact Coffee Beans
Authors: Munawar Agus Arip , Kusumiyati  , Andasuryani  , Yusmanizar  , Adrizal
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this research was to utilise near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a swift, non-destructive method for identifying chlorogenic acid in whole coffee beans. Additionally, this investigation explored the efficacy of different spectral improvement techniques alongside partial least square regression to construct predictive models. NIR spectral data was gleaned from whole coffee beans spanning a wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm, while the chlorogenic acid content was ascertained via high-performance liquid chromatography procedures. Our findings revealed that the highest coefficient of determination reached for chlorogenic acid was 0.97, and the root mean square error for calibration was 0.31% when using the multiplicative scatter correction method. Furthermore, upon testing the model using an external validation dataset, a determination coefficient of 0.91 and a ratio error to range index of 11.56 with a root mean square prediction error at 0.51% was attained. From these results, it can be inferred that the near-infrared technology, coupled with an effective spectral enhancement process, can facilitate quick, non-invasive determination of chlorogenic acid in whole coffee beans.
A Study of Computational Genome Assembly by Graph Theory
Authors: Sarkar Bijan
Published: February 2024

The assembly of billions of short sequencing reads into a contiguous genome is a daunting task. The foundation knowledge of current DNA assembly models is concentrated among a select group, where the solution to the genome assembly challenge lies in proper ordering the genomic data. This contribution’s objective is to provide an overview of the original graph models used in DNA sequencing by hybridization. With the updated analytical approach based on the bidirectional bipartite graph class, the theoretical basic structure of the DNA assembly model has been described in new perspective by incorporating few short hypothetical DNA sequences. On the Galaxy platform, by using Spades assembler and Velvet assembler, the comparative outcomes of an experiment are presented, and we also identify their working schemes. Here, the working principle of de Bruijn graph has been discussed in broader point of view.
Neural modeling of prices on the Day-Ahead Market at the Polish Power Exchange supported by an evolutionary algorithm and inspired by quantum computing
Authors: Ruciński Dariusz
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the work, presented in this article, was to obtain a price model for the Day-Ahead Market of the Polish Power Exchange (PPE). The resulting proposed models are based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and the involved suggested improvement concerns the proper selection of both the type of network and the factors used in model construction. The article also proposes a new approach to the ANN with the implemented quantum learning model. The purpose of the research was to analyze factors, which exert influence on the quality of the model, like weather or economic factors, or the type of neural network used. The model determines the relationship between the price and the volume of electricity for a given hour of the day.

The mean square error and the coefficient of determination were used to measure the quality of the obtained models. The results from the experiments performed indicate the possibility of developing improved models of the Day-Ahead Market.
Second-order optimality conditions in nonsmooth vector optimization
Authors: Yadav Priyanka
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we introduce new classes of nonsmooth second-order cone-convex functions and respective generalizations in terms of first and second-order directional derivative. These classes encapsulate several already existing classes of cone-convex functions and their weaker variants. Second-order KKT type sufficient optimality conditions and duality results for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem are proved using these functions. The results have been supported by examples.
Limits of stabilization of a networked hyperbolic system with a circle
Authors: Gugat Martin , Huang Xu , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: February 2024

This paper is devoted to the discussion of the exponential stability of a networked hyperbolic system with a circle. Our analysis extends an example by Bastin and Coron about the limits of boundary stabilizability of hyperbolic systems to the case of a networked system that is defined on a graph which contains a cycle. By spectral analysis, we prove that the system is stabilizable while the length of the arcs is sufficiently small. However, if the length of the arcs is too large, the system is not stabilizable. Our results are robust with respect to small perturbations of the arc lengths. Complementing our analysis, we provide numerical simulations that illustrate our findings.
What Do We Know about Flozins: New, Pleiotropic Drugs
Authors: Wojciechowska Eliza , Okopień Bogusław
Published: February 2024

Civilization diseases affect more and more people globally. As a World Health Organization reports in 2016 more than 1.9 billion of adults were overweight and excess body mass is the leading risk factor for developing diabetes affecting approximately 422 million people worldwide (90% is DM2). It has seemed that the link between obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications is a low-grade chronic inflammation that is observed in all tissues involved in energy homeostasis and is characterized by the activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages so-called M1. The increasing number of patients suffering from diabetes has challenged scientists to develop more and more powerful and pleiotropic antidiabetic drugs, which apart from better glycemia control will be able to decrease the total cardiovascular risk (a leading cause of death in diabetic patients). SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to show pleiotropic effects – cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and anti-inflammatory one.
Correlations of hospital length of stay and mortality with the osteoporotic hip-fracture type, treatment, the sociodemographic and hospital variables
Authors: Norbert Kovács , Timea Pap , László Lorenzovici , Ildikó Gasparik Andrea
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Diseases related to the elderly, including osteoporosis and the resulting fractures have a high incidence and are characterized by a high risk of early death. Most hip fractures are treated surgically. Its cost projections vary widely depending on the region, the level of institutional care, and the surgical solutions used.

Material and method: We performed a retrospective study using hospital data from 2018-2019. The study included patients whose main diagnosis was: S72.0 - femoral neck fracture, S72.1 - pertrochanteric fracture, S72.2 - subtrochanteric fracture. We used hospital data from seven Romanian counties, Arad, Arges, Bucharest, Szilágy, Temes, Tulcea and Vaslui.

Results: Women were significantly more affected (68.3%) than men, however the risk of mortality was 1.7 times higher among men. The average age was 77.2 years, 86% of the patients were over 65 years old. Most patients (69.3% ) were urban residents, but they were also characterized by a higher LOS and mortality.

Discussion: Fracture types, gender distribution and correlation with urbanization of the fractures are consistent with international epidemiological data. Regression analysis shows a significant correlation between the length of hospital stay and the following variables: gender, environment, age, diagnosis, type of hospital and death. Regarding the average time of hospital stay, the shortest duration of hospitalization was in Vaslui and Tulcea (9.59 and 9.79 days), while the longest (13.42 and 14.61 days) were in Arad and Arges counties.

Conclusions: On average, the patient hospitalization time in the examined counties is higher (13 days) than the Romanian average (11 days). Mortality is significantly higher among men, urban residents and those who suffer subtrochanteric fractures. Regarding the costs per patient of fractures, it can be said that Arad is the most economical, while Salaj county is the least cost-effective.
Improved body composition is associated with reduced steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Mátis Dóra , Teutsch Brigitta , Váncsa Szilárd
Published: February 2024

Background: Based on cross-sectional studies, there is a link between body composition parameters and steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether long-term changes in different body composition parameters will result in NAFLD resolution is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the literature on longitudinal studies evaluating the association between NAFLD resolution and body composition change.

Methods: Based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook, we performed a systematic search on September 26th, 2021, in four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Eligible studies reported on patients with NAFLD (liver fat >5%) and examined the correlation between body composition improvement and a decrease in steatosis. We did not have pre-defined body composition or steatosis measurement criteria. Next, we calculated pooled correlation coefficient (r) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: We identified 15 eligible studies, of which 5 five studies were included in our quantitative synthesis. Based on two studies with 85 patients, we found a pooled correlation coefficient of r=0.49 (CI: 0.22-0.69, Spearman’s correlation) between the change of visceral adipose tissue and liver steatosis. Similarly, based on three studies with 175 patients, the correlation was r=0.33 (CI: 0.19-0.46, Pearson’s correlation). On the other hand, based on two studies with 163 patients, the correlation between subcutaneous adipose tissue change and liver steatosis change was r=0.42 (CI: 0.29-0.54, Pearson’s correlation).

Conclusion: Based on the included studies, body composition improvement is associated with a decrease in liver fat content in NAFLD.
Famous Hungarian naturalists of Transylvanian origin: course of life of Vilmos Hankó – from Parajd to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Gyéresi Árpád , Kata Mihály , Papp Attila Lajos , Gyéresi Mária
Published: February 2024

In our series, we have commemorated a number of Transylvanian-born scientists who have made a mark in the field of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. One of them was Vilmos Hankó (1854-1923), born in Parajd, who had a unique career. He graduated as a chemistry teacher and received his doctorate from the University of Cluj-Napoca. His activities were extremely rich and varied. After Déva, he was a teacher and then director of one of the most famous high schools of Budapest for 36 years. In addition to his teaching activities, he has made significant contributions to the analysis and description of natural treasures (minerals, mineral waters) and to the modernization of science. He is the author of numerous books and has a very rich publication, textbook and editorial output. He was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in recognition of his work. He died 100 years ago in Budapest.
The methodological problems of creating a digital thematic repository of historical cartographic and textual sources. Case study
Authors: Zawadzki Mateusz
Published: February 2024

The paper discusses the activities involved in the process of creating a digital thematic repository focusing on historical cartographic and textual sources. On the basis of the thematic repository created as part of the project “Shaping the borders of Independent Poland in the light of cartographic documents”, the author presents proposals for solutions aimed at effective management of the various materials, as well as allowing users easy access to specific information. It provides an overview of the issues identified in the context of identifying, selecting, digitising and sharing digital copies of sources of relevance to humanities and social sciences research. With regard to the digitisation of cartographic sources, the article examines the challenges of adapting the technology to meet the diverse needs of information retrieval. In addition, it addresses issues related to the development of metadata and the integration of different types of sources. The article also addresses issues related to maintaining and updating the digital repository, with a particular focus on ensuring the sustainability of the project. The conclusions of the completed project allow us to identify best practices in the process of creating and managing a digital thematic repository, which can be a valuable tool for researchers, students, and cultural heritage institutions.
The issue of parties’ participation in technical activities related to the boundaries of parcels
Authors: Karabin Marcin , Łuczyński Robert
Published: February 2024

Participation of the parties in works related to the boundaries a˛ects the determination of boundaries according to the owners’ consistent indications, or allows for an appropriate reaction when determining the boundary points of the previously ~xed boundaries, i.e. referring the case to court in the event of a dispute regarding the location of boundary marks. It is important that the owners of neighboring parcels know their boundaries before any investment activities. The lack of this knowledge combined with the lack of legal security regarding boundaries in the event of con˚icts between owners of neighboring parcels may result in, in addition to sending the case to court, serious consequences, e.g. demolition of a fence built in the wrong place, demolition of a house built too close to the boundary. The legal solutions discussed here concern the Polish cadastre, but the issue itself can be said to go beyond the local scale as it potentially concerns the problem of properly determining the scope of ownership rights (boundaries) to parcels in other countries. The article discusses and analyzes the documentation prepared by licensed surveyors in the context of the validity of applicable boundary procedures in Poland regarding the participation of the parties in these activities. Analyzes have proven that focusing these procedures on correctly notifying the parties about given boundary activities is not the right approach. Such solutions only bring results in terms of correctly notifying the parties about the activities and do not lead to their actual participation in them.
Variation in the amount of pollen per male flower on Abies sachalinensis
Authors: Kato Kazutaka
Published: February 2024

It is important to evenly increase the amount of scattered pollen per clone for maintaining high genetic variation in clonal seed orchards. It is thus imperative to determine not only the number of male flowers per tree, but also the amount of pollen per male flower in each clone. In this study, the existence of annual variation on the fresh weight of male flowers (FW) and the clonal and annual variation, and ramets’ variation with the same or different tree ages on the weight of pollen per male flower (WP) were investigated using 21 Abies sachalinensis clones for 3 years. The results indicated that there were significant differences in FW and WP among clones each year and the relationships between FW and WP were linearly significant for every year. WP also showed significant annual variation, while the re was also significant variation in ramets. The clonal repeatability regarding WP was 0.37—0.47 for data obtained for 2 or 3 years and the generalized linear mixed models with the random effects of clone, year, and ramet indicated that the effect of clone more strongly affected WP than other effects. These results suggested that WP on A. sachalinensis is a trait that is considerably influenced by clonal characteristics; there is thus a need to characterize this trait in each clone when using seed orchards.
Sustainability and Sustainable HRM Case Study: Sustainable HRM in Light of Ministry of Culture, Qatar
Authors: Al-Sulaiti Khaloud
Published: February 2024

The objective of the study is to assess the extent to which the HRM practices of the Qatari Ministry of Culture have been effectively integrating sustainability principles to improve both organizational performance and employee well-being. A mixed-methods approach was employed, which involved interviews with stakeholders, staff members, and HR managers, analyzing documents, administering questionnaires, and conducting interviews.

The findings demonstrated that the Ministry of Culture recognized the significance of sustainability and implemented measures to foster work-life balance, enhance diversity and inclusion, provide opportunities for professional growth, and establish transparent governance and accountability procedures. These activities have positive impacts on the efficiency of the organization, as well as on employee engagement and satisfaction. The study emphasizes integrating sustainability principles into human resource management (HRM) practices and aligning HR strategy with sustainable development objectives.

Furthermore, the study provides details regarding strategies and programs to improve sustainability in HRM. The study’s distinctiveness lay in its focus on the Ministry of Culture, thereby augmenting the existing body of research on sustainability in HRM. The objective is to encourage the implementation of similar strategies in other companies by educating decision-makers, HR professionals, and organizational executives about the benefits of sustainability initiatives.
The impact of cultural inclusion on human resource management practices
Authors: Tatarkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

Companies need and want to become more inclusive entities. Inclusion encompasses a variety of dimensions, including gender equality and unbiased treatment because of sexual orientation. Cultural inclusion, however, is often overlooked.

Based on available research, this article analyses critical Polish management practices and appropriate attitudes of managers towards employees from other cultural backgrounds. It also advocates organizational initiatives to improve the situation, especially in the context of the wartime mass migration of Ukrainian citizens to Poland.
PlantNetwork's Target 8 project: the survey stages
Authors: Frachon Natacha , Jebb Matthew , Rae David
Published: February 2024

The aim of PlantNetwork’s Target 8 project is to involve botanic and other collections-led gardensthroughout Britain (and eventually Ireland also) to cultivate nationally threatened vascular plantspecies. In this way, if each garden were to ‘adopt’ 2–3 threatened species then the networkof British botanic gardens could collectively cultivate almost all of the 204 threatened speciesfound in Britain, and therefore fulfill the requirements of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for PlantConservation. However, before such a project could start, baseline information on the number anddiversity of threatened plants in British ex situ collections was required. Along with this, speciesdossiers compiling cultivation and conservation details were considered necessary for the successof the project. Furthermore, practical details of the project such as collection and representationneeded to be discussed with curators. This paper describes the background, survey work andpractical aspects of the project.
Role of Institutional Investment Intermediaries in Corporate Control: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hameed Zakkariya T , Renganathan Kesavamoorthy
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The study aims to critically analyse the role of institutional investment intermediaries in the corporate control of their investee companies in Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions.
 
Theoretical framework: Critical analysis of the role of institutional investment intermediaries derived out of the theoretical basis of classical theory of separation of ownership from management, agency theory, agency cost, stewardship theory and the modern corporate governance.
 
Method: This is theoretical research using the analogy of the different accepted theories of corporate law on corporate management and control into the underlying utility of emerging institutional investment intermediaries in corporate control. 
 
Result and Conclusion: The result of the study shows major inferences that the suitable engagement in corporate control by institutional investment intermediaries is the stewardship relationship with its investee companies. However, their stewardship role can be converted to agency role to protect their private interests, which can also be resulted in the threat of corporate control monopolization as well as horizontal corporate control.
 
Research implications: The research indicates the need for prevention of stewardship relationship transposing to agency relationship for preventing corporate control monopolization as well as horizontal corporate control.
 
Originality/value: The current legal framework so far didn’t expect the possibility for transposition of stewardship relationship to agency relationship and its adverse impacts. Hence, corporate law and its allied laws shall take precautionary deterrence measures to avoid such transposition.
Comparison of Helicobacter Pylori Seropositivity in Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - An Immunological Analysis
Authors: Nawaz Javeria , Ali Ghaniya , Ahmad Mughees
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection is more common in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) than in non-diabetic individuals. Because in diabetes, both cellular and humoral immunity is compromised so that’s why diabetics’ patients are more susceptible to H. pylori infection. Chronic inflammation is a common symptom of H. pylori. To detect and compare H. Pylori IgG antibody in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic individuals.

Methodology: This case-control study was performed at the pathology lab of Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore, Pakistan from August 2022 to January 2023. In this study 100 diabetic patients and 100 control subjects included according to inclusion & exclusion criteria. After taking written consent blood sample was collected from diabetic & non-diabetic individuals and their blood sugar random (BSR) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured.

Results: In this study, 63 (63%) of the 200 diabetic individuals tested positive for H. pylori antibodies, with 44% of those having BSR > 201 mg/dl or above with “mean  S.D” of BSR was 235.92 ± 93.42. As the P-value (0.01) was less than 0.05, there exists an association between BSR and H. Pylori antibodies in diabetic patients. On the other hand, 58% of diabetics had positive H. pylori IgG antibody whose HbA1c level were > 6.5% with “mean  S.D” of HbA1c was 8.71 ± 2.14. In diabetic individuals, there is a correlation between HbA1c and H. Pylori antibodies since the P-value (0.033) was less than 0.05.

Conclusion: According to our findings in this study, H. Pylori infection and diabetic patients are significantly correlated.

Keywords: Blood Sugar, Helicobacter Pylori, Glycated Haemoglobin, Diabetes Mellitus.
Classification of Salivary Gland Lesions on Cell Block Preparations with a Panel of Immunohistochemical Markers - a Rapid, Reliable, and Minimally Invasive Diagnostic Modality
Authors: Nawaz Alveena , Rehman Fakeha , Anwar Sadia , Saqib Rohma
Published: February 2024

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used as a valuable method for examining suspected salivary gland lesions. It is a simple, costeffective, and minimally invasive procedure with high specificity and sensitivity. Due to the cellular heterogeneity and overlapping architectural features, it can be difficult to distinguish between non-neoplastic processes, benign lesions, and/or malignancies in salivary glands on routine stains. Cell block methods are currently replacing surgical biopsy-based diagnostic methods on the basis of utilizing aspirates from FNAC with a rapid and reliable potential for reaching a conclusive diagnosis. Ancillary investigations including a panel of immunohistochemical markers are frequently applied on cytology specimens in the era of precision diagnostics to offer a specific diagnosis and even prognostic information for optimal patient care.