bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Fentanyl with Mass Spectral Libraries
Authors: Kearsley Anthony J. , Moorthy Arun
Published: March 2021

Synthesis, distribution and abuse of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, has led to a critical worldwide epidemic. Mass spectral library searching for opioids remains unresolved despite being central to law-enforcement involving identification, monitoring and prosecution of opioid related crimes. In this article, two model problems are presented to illustrate difficulties associated with fentanyl identification. A collection of both currently-employed similarity measures and intuitive measures of dissimilarity are employed to simulate identifying fentanyl analogs with mass spectral library searching.
Composition and Dimension Dependent Static and Dynamic Stabilities of Inorganic Mixed Halide Antimony Perovskites
Authors: Yang Jack
Published: March 2021

Halide intermixing is an important approach to stabilise halide perovskite in the phase that gives the best optoelectronic properties, whereas replacing Pb is critical for eliminating the material toxicity to meet the requirements for domestic applications. Recently, all-inorganic lead-free Cs3Sb2I9 emerges as a promising lead-free absorber, with its optoelectronic properties being further controllable by manipulating its structural dimensionality (0D or 2D) via composition engineering. In particular, superior photoconversion efficiency (up to 5 %) under indoor illumination with high photostabilities have been demonstrated experimentally in 2D Cs3Sb2ClyI9-y}. To gain a more thorough understanding on how the properties of this family of materials are controlled by their chemistry and dimensionality, here, we employ density functional theory calculations to explore the phase stability, structural and electronic dynamics of Cs3Sb2X9 (X=Br and Cl) across 74 different combinations of composition/dimensionality. The results show that Cs3Sb2X9 solid solutions are predominantly stabilised by configurational entropy rather than enthalpy. In stark contrast to cubic inorganic lead/tin halides perovskites, Cs3Sb2X9 are dynamically more stable at 300 K, as reflected by their low vibrational anharmonicities, the values of which also exhibit weak compositional dependency. This consequentially reduces the strength of electron-phonon couplings, thus enhancing the photoexcited carrier lifetime in these materials, which further demonstrates their promising potential to be integrated into indoor photovoltaic devices.
Native Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Hyphenated to Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detection for In-Process Control of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Produced in Escherichia Coli
Authors: De Vos Jelle , Aguilar Patricia Pereira , Köppl Christoph , Fischer Andreas , Grünwald-Gruber Clemens , Dürkop Mark , Klausberger Miriam , Mairhofer Juergen , Striedner Gerald , Cserjan-Puschmann Monika , Jungbauer Alois , Lingg Nico
Published: March 2021

The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for several steps of the viral life cycle, and is abundantly expressed during infection, making it an ideal diagnostic target protein. This protein has a strong tendency to dimerization and interaction with nucleic acids. A native hydrophobic interaction chromatography hyphenated to multi-angle light scattering detection (HIC-MALS) method was established for in-process control, in particular, to monitor product fragmentation and multimerization throughout the purification process. High titers of the nucleocapsid protein were expressed in E. coli with a CASPON tag, using a growth-decoupled protein expression system. Purification was accomplished by nuclease treatment of the cell homogenate and a sequence of chromatographic steps. 730 mg purified NP per liter of fermentation could be produced by the optimized process, corresponding to a yield of 77%. The HIC-MALS method was used to demonstrate that the NP product can be produced with a purity of 95%. The molecular mass of the main NP fraction is consistent with dimerized protein as was verified by a complementary native size-exclusion separation (SEC)-MALS analysis. Peptide mapping mass spectrometry and host cell specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the high product purity, and the presence of a minor endogenous chaperone explained the residual impurities. The HIC-MALS method enables to monitor the purity of the product and simultaneously access its molecular mass.
Nanosuspension: A Modern Approach In Drug Delivery System- A Review
Authors: Ashish B. Budhrani  , Kirti G. Sahu  , Sukeshini B. Lote  , Manish P. Deshmukh  , Sagar B. Wankhede  , Deepak S. Khobragade
Published: March 2021

The drugs moiety included in Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II and Class IV has low aqueous solubility and remedy for the solubility problem is nanotechnology techniques. Nanotechnology techniques play an important role at the molecular level and nano length scale size. To increase the dissolution rate of drug moiety which directly lead to increase bioavailability of drug depends on decrease drug particles into nano-scale range. Nanotechnology techniques in the pharmaceutical field include nanosuspension. Nanosuspension is biphasic dosage forms contain colloidal dispersions of nanosized drug particles which are stabilized by surface-active agents. Nanosuspension dosage form increases the stability and bioavailability of low aqueous soluble drugs. Solubility plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of drugs irrespective of the route of administration. Most of the presently investigated drug moieties having lower aqueous solubility and therefore has low bioavailability of drugs. The study is focused on formulation consideration, various methods of preparation along with evaluation parameters of nanosuspension.
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Educational Workshop for Preschool Teachers: An Interventional Study
Authors: Nurul Azmawati Mohamed  , Habibah Faroque  , Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani  , Nur Syazana Umar  , Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin  , Ilina Isahak  , Siti Mariah Mahmud
Published: March 2021

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly affects children below five years of age. The disease can be prevented by focusing on hand hygiene, disinfection of premises, and cough etiquette. Teachers at pre-school play a vital role in inculcating good hygiene habits among children. This project aimed to determine pre and post-intervention level of knowledge, attitude and practices on HFMD among pre-schools teachers. This study involved pre-school teachers from Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia who were invited to a 5-hour event "HFMD: Infection Control Workshop". Questionnaires on knowledge, attitude and practice on HFMD were distributed before and immediately after the event. A total of 112 teachers were recruited. All were female, mostly (90%) from government pre-schools with the mean age of 35.8. Post-intervention total means a score of knowledge increased significantly, notably on the causative agent (23%) and complications of HFMD (26-45%). Mean attitude scores were also significantly increased, especially regarding the cleaning of toys and sharing of utensils. Meanwhile, practice scores were very high during pre-intervention but were insignificantly reduced post-intervention. The intervention improved respondents' knowledge and attitude significantly. Findings from this study highlighted the need to provide more HFMD program focusing on the basic information of the disease, including mode of transmission and clinical manifestation. We hope that the knowledge gained will be imparted to fellow teachers and children under their care towards minimising the spread of HFMD.
Antidiabetic activity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Tradescantia spathacea Swartz extract
Authors: Nagaraju Jesetti  , Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala  , Subhakar Raju Rapaka  , Umasankar Kulandaivelu  , Koteswara Rao GSN
Published: March 2021

Tradescantia spathacea Swartz belongs to the genus  Commelinaceae, a tropical tree used in many countries as an herbal drug for the care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine anti-diabetic activity of the Tradescantia spathacea Swartz methanolic extract (METSW) and the in-vitro activity of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was carried out.  METSW compared with acarbose inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme, METSW exhibited IC50 less than 100μg/mL would be considered as healthy. The METSW showed IC50 66.22 ± 0.52μg/mL α-amylase activity, acarbose revealed an IC50 of 83.25 ± 1.28μg/mL. METSW demonstrated IC50 levels of  85.37 ± 0.72 μg/mL (y= 0.095x+41.89) inhibition of  the α-Glucosidase enzymes.  METSW at 400 mg/kg greatly decreased the region under the blood glucose level curve in a typical rat test for oral glucose tolerance. The single dose of the extract decreased dramatically from  211 mg/dl to 89.22 mg/dl at 400 mg/kg  METSW in the alloxan induced diabetic model. METSW possesses strong antidiabetic activity in vivo  and in vitro. Besides, the extract has also been shown to have a significant inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase which may lead to its anti-hyperglycemic function when used in diabetic patients.
ĐIỀU CHẾ THANH NANO GADOLINI HYDROXIT VÀ KHẢO SÁT HOẠT TÍNH XÚC TÁC CỦA HỆ UV/H2O2/Gd(OH)3
Authors: Trinh Lê Hữu , Hoà Trần Thái , Cường Nguyễn Đức
Published: March 2021

Trong nghiên cứu này, vật liệu nano Gd(OH)3 dạng thanh đã được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp polyol với tiền chất là gadolini clorua hydrat (GdCl3·xH2O), natri hydroxit và chất hoạt động bề mặt là trietylen glycol (C6H14O4). Sản phẩm đã được đặc trưng bằng các kỹ thuật XRD, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA, EDX. Kết quả cho thấy vật liệu Gd(OH)­3 thu được có cấu trúc dạng thanh nano, đồng đều với khích thước 20 × 200 nm và tinh khiết. Vật liệu được ứng dụng trong phản ứng oxy hóa nâng cao đối với quang hóa phân hủy Congo đỏ của hệ xúc tác UV/Gd(OH)3 và UV/H2O2/Gd(OH)3.
Authors: Antasari Dewi Wungkus
Published: March 2021

e-money; purchasing decision; financial technology.
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Yuliana Indah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap prediksi kebangkrutan. Moderasi Modal Kerja jarang dilakukan oleh penelitian lain. Serta mengetahui apakah perusahaan pada indutri semen berpotensi mengalami kebangkrutan. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 4 perusahaan yang tergabung pada Sub Sektor Semen yang tergabung pada BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode statistic deskriptif dengan alat analisis Moderated Regretion Analyze. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif signifikan dari variabel ROA terhadap prediksi kebangkrutan. Variabel DER mampu memoderasi hubungan ROA dengan kebangkrutan. Dengan menggunakan model Atlman Z-Score dapat diketahui bahwa dari kelima sampel penelitian terdapat 3 perusahaan yang tergolong sehat, satu perusahaan tergolong grey, dan satu perusahaan yang berpotensi bangkrut.
PENGARUH E-FILLING TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI ATAS PELAPORAN SURAT PEMBERITAHUAN TAHUNAN PADA KPP PRATAMA KISARAN
Authors: Pebri Prianda
Published: March 2021

his study aims to determine the effect of the Implementation of the EFilling System on Taxpayer Compliance with Annual Tax Reporting in the KPP Primary Range. The data of this study were obtained from a questionnaire (Primary) distributed to taxpayers registered in the KPP Pratama Kisaran using the incidental sampling method. The population of this research is the individual taxpayer who is registered as the e-filling taxpayer in the KPP Pratama Kisaran. The sample used in this study were 100 respondents. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability before the study. The prerequisite tests used were normality test and homogeneity test. Hypothesis testing used is simple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis. This research was proven through a simple regression analysis that obtained an R Square value of 0.368, which can be interpreted that the magnitude of the effect of the E-Filling System Implementation on Taxpayer Compliance was 36.8%. The results of the t-statistic test produced a significance value smaller than the level of significant at 0,000 <0.05. So the results of this study indicate that the adoption of the E-Filling System has a positive and significant effect on Taxpayer Compliance with Annual SPT Reporting.Keywords: E-Filling, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Andini Rara Cahya , Setiawati Trias Setiawati
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediation of job satisfaction in a relationship between organizational justice and transformational leadership on organizational commitment.Â  A total of 170 participants who are working in BIAS Yogyakarta have joined this research. Method of collecting data using a questionnaire by conducting regression with analyzing use t-test, F-test, Path analysis with Sobel test. The result of this study found that organizational justice has positive and significant impact on job satisfaction, transformational leadership have positive and significant impact on job satisfaction, organizational justice has negative impact on organizational commitment, transformational leadership have positive and significant impact on organizational commitment, job satisfaction has negative impact on organizational commitment, job satisfaction have mediating effect between organizational justice and organizational commitment, and job satisfaction have mediating effect between transformational leadership and organizational commitment.Kata Kunci: organizational justice, transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitmentÂ
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS KOPERASI PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PERDAGANGAN (KOPERINDAG) KOTA BIMA
Authors: Wati Nurrahma , Kurniawati Ety
Published: March 2021

Competence is the basis for employees in carrying out work demands that are their responsibility. Employees must continue to improve their competencies so that they can adapt to changes related to their field of work. In this case, the organization must play a role in the development of its human resources, especially related to competencies so that future employee performance will be better. This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of human resource competencies on employee performance at the Department of Industry and Trade Cooperatives (KOPERINDAG) of Bima City. This type of research is associative. Poulasi in this study were 50 employees with a sample of 30 employees who included ASN. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling (taking samples based on certain considerations). Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and questionnaires using a Likert scale, the type of data used is quantitative data from primary data sources. Data analysis techniques used are validity, reliability, simple linear regression, simple linear correlation and partial tests (T test). Based on the results of this study concludes that human resource competence does not have a significant effect on employee performance, this is evidenced by the t test value of 0.323 and sig of 0.749.Keywords: Human resource competence, employee performance
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KEDISIPLINAN KERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PETERNAKAN KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Aisyah Nur , Badar Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine all disciplinary levels of ASN work at the Animal Husbandry Service of Bima Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive, the data analysis technique used is by using the validity test, reliability test and the one-sample t-test formula. The sample used was 46 ASN people. The results of statistical calculations are obtained, the t-value is -34,372 where the value is greater than the t-table (-34,372> 1,679), so that the hypothesis falls in the rejected area so that the result is Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) states that the Discipline of Employee Work at the Animal Husbandry Service in Bima Regency is greater than or equal to 70% of the expected criteria, which is acceptable, and Ho is rejected or the initial hypothesis which shows that the increase in discipline of employee work at the Bima Regency Animal Husbandry Service is less than 70% of the expected criteria. is not yet good unacceptable. In this research, it can be taken from, 1. Increasing Employee Discipline at the Animal Husbandry Service of Bima Regency, based on the results of this study, where there is discipline of attendance / fixed working hours which is quite good, although there are still ASNs who are late for about 10-20 minutes, Because it is greater than 70% of the expected standard, 2. Increased Discipline of Employees who are bigger than uniforms, completing work on time or obeying the regulations are in accordance with the provisions of the regulations that apply to ASN.Kata Kunci: Work Discipline, Level of Discipline, Human Resource Management
Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among Women in Duhok City-kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Noori Awad Rawa , Abdullah Al-muffti Shamal
Published: March 2021

Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the most endemic parasitic infections that can lead to clinical complications by transmission through mother to fetus transplacentally in aborted women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of toxoplasmosis among pregnant and aborted women in Duhok/ Kurdistan Region-Iraq by using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay(ELISA) and detect the seropositive cases by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) . Materials and Methods: A total of 102 samples were collected from women admitted to obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Duhok province. The data were collected through the period from January, 20th , 2019 until December, 30th, 2019.Blood and placental samples from 60 aborted women with Bad Obstetric History(BOH) and 42 placental samples from healthy normal pregnancies (as a control group). The placental samples of normal pregnancies were tested by RT-PCR technique while aborted women’s blood and placental samples were tested by both Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay(ELISA) and RT-PCR techniques. Results: The results revealed a low rate of infection by congenital toxoplasmosis. Seropositivity to T. gondii were 20/60 33.3% by ELISA, 25% IgM, 65% IgG and 10% both IgG and IgM whereas the retested seropositive samples by RT-PCR only 5% showed positive results. The highest rate of infection was at 32- 38 age group, first trimester 85%, single abortion 35%, who inhibits rural area 80%,ingesting homemade food 80%, and contact with animals(cats) 85%. Conclusion: Real-time PCR-based technique is the most accurate and suitable for routine screening, providing a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative way of detecting congenital toxoplasmosis in clinical specimens, without any false-positive result that may help to a targeted treatment.
Effect of Age on Somatic Cell Count And Milk Composition in Sheep Milk
Authors: Mahmood Ilyas Nazik
Published: March 2021

A total of 50 sheep milk samples during lactations were used to investigate the impact of subclinical mastitis induced Somatic Cell Count (SCC) increase on changes in chemical composition in milk. Samples were collected and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, solids non-fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) and SCC. Within three stages of lactation, all milk samples were analyzed for three times. The highest average of SCC was recorded in ewes aged 4 years (46.67) while lowest average was recorded at the age of 3-3.5 years (34.24%). Protein content was highest at ewes aged 1-1.5, whereas highest lactose percentage recorded at ewes aged 3-3.5. In conclusion, in high SCC milk, lactose content may be more indicative of SCC level than milk fat, protein, SNF and TS during lactation. Age of ewes is an important factor affecting milk composition, thus is a necessary parameter in optimizing sheep milk quality in conditions of subclinical mastitis.
A comprehensive comparison on evolutionary feature selection approaches to classification
Authors: Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie , Browne William
Published: March 2021

© 2015 Imperial College Press. Feature selection is an important data preprocessing step in machine learning and data mining, such as classification tasks. Research on feature selection has been extensively conducted for more than 50 years and different types of approaches have been proposed, which include wrapper approaches or filter approaches, and single objective approaches or multi-objective approaches. However, the advantages and disadvantages of such approaches have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper provides a comprehensive study on comparing different types of feature selection approaches, specifically including comparisons on the classification performance and computational time of wrappers and filters, generality of wrapper approaches, and comparisons on single objective and multi-objective approaches. Particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based approaches, which include different types of methods, are used as typical examples to conduct this research. A total of 10 different feature selection methods and over 7000 experiments are involved. The results show that filters are usually faster than wrappers, but wrappers using a simple classification algorithm can be faster than filters. Wrappers often achieve better classification performance than filters. Feature subsets obtained from wrappers can be general to other classification algorithms. Meanwhile, multi-objective approaches are generally better choices than single objective algorithms. The findings are not only useful for researchers to develop new approaches to addressing new challenges in feature selection, but also useful for real-world decision makers to choose a specific feature selection method according to their own requirements.
The role of “not for profits” (NFPs) in disaster preparedness in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Torstonson Sharon , Blake Denise , Hodgetts Darrin , Johnston David M
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to highlight the role of not-for-profit (NFP) organisations in enhancing disaster preparedness. The authors set out to understand their perspectives and practices in regard to disaster preparedness activities to support people who live precarious lives, especially those who live as single parents who are the least prepared for disasters.Design/methodology/approachThe research draws on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 12 staff members, either in a group setting or individually, from seven NFP organisations, who were located in Ōtautahi (Christchurch) and Kaiapoi in Aotearoa New Zealand. These participants were interviewed eight years after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.FindingsFour key narrative tropes or elements were drawn from across the interviews and were used to structure the research results. These included: “essential” support services for people living precarious lives; assisting people to be prepared; potential to support preparedness with the right materials and relationships; resourcing to supply emergency goods.Originality/valueThis research contributes to disaster risk reduction practices by advocating for ongoing resourcing of NFP groups due to their ability to build a sense of community and trust while working with precarious communities, such as single parents.
Health emergency management in Aotearoa New Zealand: Making sense of professional development
Authors: Blake Denise , Niland Patricia , Johnston David M
Published: March 2021

Objective: To explore how health emergency management (HEM) personnel make sense of professional development, such as education and training, in their everyday roles and responsibilities within an increasingly complex emergency management and disaster field.Design: This in-depth qualitative study comprised of semistructured interviews with 10 Aotearoa New Zealand HEM personnel from a range of healthcare professions, including emergency managers, nurses, clinical support, and paramedics. The thematic, data-driven approach was exploratory. The research identified inductively significant thematic concepts relating to professional development from the health emergency personnel’s talk about their roles and responsibilities.Results: The authors identified four themes relating to professional development in the participants’ talk: test yourself under pressure; selling what we do; under the pump; and real stuff that actually makes a difference. These themes represent shared sense-making about how the participants negotiated their professional development needs and the needs of others while performing their everyday roles and responsibilities. Conclusions: Our findings support the production of local and contextually driven knowledge that highlights how HEM personnel discuss professional development as strengths, tensions, challenges, and knowledge gaps. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of what needs to be taken into account when developing competencies, skill sets, and training programs to promote professional development in an increasingly complex emergency management and disaster field.
Incorporation of Small-Group Learning Activities into Biology Lectures to Enhance Learning at a University in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth , Olowoyo Joshua Olawole
Published: March 2021

There have been intense teaching challenges at institutions of higher learning as a result of an increasing range of courses offered to students with diverse backgrounds and levels of preparedness. Lecturers are also faced with a high failure rate and increased retention rates. Student achievement is crucial, and efforts have to be made to adapt and change to methods of teaching that contribute to the better performance of students. Hence, calls have been made for a radical shift from teaching which is teacher-centered to student-centered teaching approaches. The study assessed students’ perceptions on the incorporation of active learning in small groups and the impact of the incorporation of small-group learning activities into Biology lectures on the performance of the students. Participants showed a preference for small-group learning activities and indicated that incorporating small-group learning activities into lectures should be compulsory. The average mean test marks of 72 Biology students before and after the incorporation of small-group learning activities were compared. Results showed that the mean test mark (52.7±15.7) of the participants was significantly higher after incorporation of small-group learning activities compared to before incorporation (38.9±16.4), indicating a positive effect (p<0.05) of small-group learning activities on student performance. The participants also showed a preference for the incorporation of small-group learning activities into lectures. It is recommended that other factors such as the preparedness of students before assessments be investigated in future studies.
Aktivitas larvasida fraksi metanol dan etil asetat buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rousdy Diah Wulandari , Wardoyo Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning , Ifadatin Siti
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKAedes aegypti merupakan serangga vektor dari virus Dengue penyebab Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Kandungan senyawa dalam tumbuhan lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida. Buah lakum dimaserasi dengan pelarut methanol kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Fraksi diteliti kandungan senyawanya menggunakan analisis fitokimia. Uji larvasida diamati selama 48 jam terdiri dari tujuh konsentrasi berseri yaitu kontrol; 0,04; 0,12; 0,2; 0,6; 1; 3% (b/v). Setiap konsentrasi diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Fraksi metanol buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,125%. Fraksi etil asetat  buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,102%. Buah lakum mengandung senyawa: polifenol, kuinon, flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin; larvasida; LC50  ABSTRACTLarvacidal activity of methanol and ethyl acetate fraction of lakum fruits (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Aedes aegypti is a vector from the Dengue virus which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The compounds of lakum plants has the potential larvicide. The fruit of C. trifolia was macerated with methanol then fractionated using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The fraction was examined for its compound using phytochemical analysis. Larvacide test was observed for 48 hours consisting of seven concentration of 0 (control); 0.04; 0.12; 0.2; 0.6; 1; 3% (w/v). Each concentration was repeated 3 times and each repetition consisted of 10 larvae of Ae. aegypti. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 of the fraction of methanol and ethyl acetate from lakum fruit. The methanol fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.125%. The ethyl acetate fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.102%. The C. trifolia fruits contains polyphenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.; larvacide, LC50
Analgesia y seguridad de bupivacaína sin epinefrina al 0,125% vs 0,25% en anestesia epidural durante el parto por cesárea
Authors: Díaz-Perez Nelly
Published: March 2021

Contexto: en el parto por cesárea se emplea bupivacaína sin epinefrina al 0,125% ó 0,25% en anestesia epidural. Una dosis superior se asocia a mayor analgesia y mayor frecuencia de efectos adversos. Objetivo: evaluar el grado de analgesia y seguridad de la bupivacaína sin epinefrina (0,125% ó 0,25%) usada en el parto por cesárea, a fin de recomendar la concentración apropiada para este procedimiento. Sujetos y métodos: cohorte prospectiva realizada en 100 pacientes sometidas a cesárea en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique Sotomayor (octubre 2015 a enero 2016). Se estratificó la población en dos cohortes o grupos: A (bupivacaína 0,125%) y B (0,25%). Resultados: se conformaron dos grupos de 50 pacientes. Se detectó hipotensión en el grupo B (p <0,001) y mayor variación de la frecuencia cardiaca. En el grupo A, el bloqueo motor se mantuvo en un nivel dorsal más bajo (T3) en comparación con el grupo B (T2) (p <0,001). Respecto al bloqueo sensitivo, la mediana del nivel de bloqueo dorsal fue semejante en ambos grupos. En el grupo A se registró 25 pacientes (50%) que presentaron efectos adversos respecto al grupo B donde se presentó algún efecto adverso en 45 casos (90%). Se presentó hipotensión en 4/50 casos del grupo A y 16/50 casos del grupo B (p <0,001). Conclusión: la Bupivacaína sin epinefrina al 0,125% ó 0,25% proporcionan resultados analgésicos semejantes, aunque la primera está significativamente relacionada a menor frecuencia de efectos adversos, especialmente hipotensión (p <0,001), recomendándose esta concentración para anestesia epidural durante el parto por cesárea.
Is ‘Camfranglais’ A New Language? A Review of Current Opinions
Authors: Ubanako Valentine Njende
Published: March 2021

The language-contact situation in Cameroon, where hundreds of ethnic languages coexist with two official languages and a number of lingua francas, continues to evolve and to produce new usage trends and patterns. One of the outcomes of the dynamism of the linguistic situation in Cameroon is the emergence over the last three decades or so of a new linguistic phenomenon that some researchers have styled “Camfranglais” for the simple reason that it comprises a combination of elements drawn from Cameroon indigenous languages (“cam”), from French (“fran”), and from Pidgin English (“anglai”). What precisely this French acronym refers to in linguistic terms remains fairly controversial as some researchers see in this phenomenon the emergence of a new language while other evidence suggests that ‘Camfranglais’ is certainly a new speech form but not a new language in the strict sense of the term.

This paper sets out to review some of the current opinions about Camfranglais with a view to determining if Camfranglais can be considered a language in its own right or simply as a new speech form which can be said to form a continuum with mainstream Cameroon English. It equally highlights the complexities that render this linguistic phenomenon so elusive to definition.
An Insight into the Polymeric Structures in Asian Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn)
Authors: Selvakumar Paulraj Mosae , Thanapaul Rex Jeya Rajkumar Samdavid
Published: March 2021

Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn) is a native tree with various ecological, medicinal, economic, and sociological benefits from Asian countries. Palmyra Palm tree-based self-reliant lifestyle and Eco-friendly community living which leads to sustainable development can be called palmyra culture. For each component, Palmyra Palm is the most beneficial species that has economic and medicinal value that could sustain adverse climatic conditions and resist natural calamities. Non-edible, edible, and value add-based uses could be widely categorized into the utility of the plant. Palmyra palm tree is working like a non-stop biochemical factory, creates sugars and many otheruseful chemicals. It also produces many useful polymeric compounds such as pectin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pentosanpolysulfate, polyphenols, and lignin. The current review gives an insight into the structural, biological, and polymeric elements of Asian palmyra.
Was ist (denn eigentlich) das Material der Stunde?
Authors: Bleger Leopoldo
Published: March 2021

Noch immer ist es der Fall, dass das Wort als wesentliches Material der Stunde angesehen wird, wie auch die zahllosen Mitteilungen oder subverbalen Kommunikationen. Dieser Text nimmt jedoch einen anderen Aspekt in den Fokus, der bislang wenig theoretische Analyse erfahren hat: Die Aktion und die Tat in der Stunde. Ausgehend von gewissen Bemerkungen Freuds, insbesondere in Bezug auf das Traummodell, soll hier gezeigt werden, wie der Analytiker von den nicht bewussten Phantasmen ergriffen wird, die der Patient bei der psychoanalytischen Behandlung ins Spiel bringt. Allgemeiner ausgedrückt, soll im Text die Dimension des Übertragungshandelns im Mittelpunkt stehen, sowie die Folgen einer solchen Berücksichtigung: Ein Übertragungsagieren, das vom Konzept des acting out und auch von dem neueren Konzept enactment unterschieden werden muss. Das Material der Stunde befindet sich nicht notwendigerweise (oder nur) dort, wo man glaubt. Der Autor gewinnt seine erhellenden Einsichten aus den drei Perspektiven der klinischen Anschauung, der kritischen Literaturdiskussion und vor allem der metapsychologischen Perspektive.
Heimliches Erträumen des Unerhörten?!
Authors: Özbek Tülay
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Text wird die Bedeutung des Hörens und Träumens für den psychischen Strukturbildungsprozess anhand der Konzepte »Lauthülle« (Anzieu), »Klang-Objekt« (Maiello), »Widerhall-Zeit« (Birksted-Breen) und »Reverie« (Bion) aufgezeigt. Das Ausbilden einer Symbolisierungsfähigkeit ist konstitutiv für psychisches Sein-Können und Kreativität. Grundlage für die Bildung von Symbolen ist die Produktion von Alpha-Elementen in der »emotionalen Erfahrung«. Es bedarf einer spezifischen inneren Verfasstheit der Primärobjekte – von Winnicott als »primäre Mütterlichkeit« und Bion als Fähigkeit zur »Rêverie« beschrieben – damit die Sinneseindrücke des Babys zu »emotionaler Erfahrung« werden. In der Arbeit wird nach der Skizzierung dieser Entwicklung diskutiert, ob sich in der verborgenen Intimität der Primärerfahrung das für die jeweilige Kultur Spezifische bei der Bildung der Alpha-Elemente in diese eindrückt. Die Lokalisierung des Kulturellen wird so in den Alpha-Elementen vermutet. Die sich in interkulturellen Begegnungen konstellierenden Gegensatzpaare erhört-unerhört und heimlich-unheimlich werden schließlich in ihrer Bedeutung für den Behandlungsprozess, insbesondere als spezifische Gegenübertragungskonstellation im interkulturellen Behandlungssetting, diskutiert.
Die Komplexität des Traums
Authors: Ferro Antonino
Published: March 2021

In diesem Beitrag sucht der Verfasser die Komplexität des Traums aufzuzeigen. Untersucht werden verschiedene Traumarten und ihre Nützlichkeit im Analysezimmer. Die dargelegten Gedanken werden anhand von klinischem Material veranschaulicht.
РОЗВИТОК ТУРИСТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ: СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНІ РЕАЛІЇ
Authors: Лісовий Андрій В. , Турчик Наталія І.
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to explore the tourism potential as a broad multifaceted concept that covers a range of natural recreational, cultural, historical, organizational and economic indicators that lay the foundation for the development of different types of tourism and the tourism industry overall. The study identifies a set of indicators contributing to the national tourism potential realization and development which specify the geographical location, historical, spatial, natural, economic, political, legal, environmental, demographic, social, cultural, infrastructural, technological, organizational, managerial, innovative and human resources potential. According to the selected indicators, Ukraine has great prospects for boosting its tourism potential, so a SWOT analysis has been delivered. Given the due regard to each of the SWOT analysis component consideration (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Ukrainian tourism sector), a conclusion was made that the long-term development of the national tourism should rely on the following critical elements: ensuring investment and innovation in tourism and hospitality; enhancing the transport industry support; training of qualified personnel; normalization of the political, economic and legislative climate; digitalization of communications, etc. that will facilitate effective performance in the tourism sector. It is argued that implementation of innovations and progressive European standards in providing guest and recreational services are crucial in developing a competitive national tourism sector in the international market environment. Among the key strategic goals in enhancing the tourism potential of Ukraine by 2026 are the following: creating a quality tourism product based on effective marketing activities; effective and integrated use of existing tourism capacities and its potential by addressing the issues of nature management and environmental protection as well as improving the tourism infrastructure; updating technical resources and materials; ensuring the compliance between price and quality of tourist products by building a framework to optimize the organizational and economic structure of small and medium-sized businesses, granting tax holidays, green corridors, etc. The study also provides insights into the system of training and advanced training of specialists in the area of tourism and resort management. The findings demonstrate that according to the assessment of tourism and resort development indicators in Ukraine, the current potential in the national tourism sector can ensure raising the flow of international tourists arriving to Ukraine, increasing the number of tourism business entities, growth of revenues to local budgets from tourist tax payments as well as to the consolidated government budget of Ukraine from tourism activities, increasing the number of jobs in the tourism sector along with boosting the number of domestic tourists and holiday makers.
Green Jobs in the Development of Labor Law in Indonesia
Authors:   Fakulti Hukum, Universiti Islam Indragiri – Tembilahan – Riau, INDONESIA, Rifa’i Ahmad ,   Fakulti Ekonomi, Universiti Islam Indragiri – Tembilahan – Riau, INDONESIA
Published: March 2021

All government and development policies and actions must ask permission for human rights to a good and healthy environment. There should be no more policies contained in laws or regulations under those laws that debate pro-environment constitutional provisions (green laws) or with the reinforcement of other policies that are nuanced environment or green must be in accordance with the laws and regulations. The invitation (green legislation) addresses the mandate in Article 44 of Law Number 32 Year 2009 concerning PPLH. Green work is made a bridge to make future labor laws that are truly approved, so changes to the laws and regulations in the field of employment need to be done. Therefore, decent and environmentally friendly work is linked to the Millennium Development Goals 1 (poverty commitment) and the Millennium Development Goals 7 (environmental protection) which are complementary and not in conflict with each other. Development of Manpower Law conceptualized Green Jobs, to be effective in the midst of society, the change in law must consider three provisions namely; 1). The change in law was not carried out partially, the change must be resolved, more to the doctrine, norms that are not in accordance with the times. 2. The change must also be included in the way it is applied. 3). It must also be adhered to the rules (rules) that are in accordance with the philosophy of life of the Indonesian people in the hope that the agreed rules can be obeyed by the community, then in those rules (rules) there must be approval and endurance for that made by the government requested.
Examining the Pearls of Islamic Education Through the History of the Prophet Adam Alaihi Salam in the Quran
Authors:   Fakulti Usuluddin, Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan, BRUNEI, Rusdi Mikdar , Omar Md Azmi ,   Fakulti Usuluddin, Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan, BRUNEI, Omar Norasimah ,   Fakulti Usuluddin, Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan, BRUNEI, Basman Tiara ,   Fakulti Usuluddin, Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan, BRUNEI, Abdul Majid Suhaila ,   Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Heritage,  Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MALAYSIA
Published: March 2021

The history of the Prophet Adam Alaihi salam became the starting point of human civilization, as the caliph and the first man of course the history and pearl of education became the focus for researchers to see further the appropriateness of the value of the caliph's education to be applied at this time. Looking at the value of the caliph's education as a prospered of the earth will lead to the creation of universal human well-being because it will return to the principles of education per the nature of human creation. The history of the prophet Adam alaihi salam is a solution that can be a reference to the model of Islamic education because basically the prophet and apostle are the first teachers (educators) sent to this earth to guide his people not to deviate from the concept of its creator. On the other hand, the history of the Prophet Adam Alaihi Salam is among the 25 prophets and messengers mentioned in the Quran and the implications of the pillars of faith that must be believed and believed to be true, in this case studying the story are part of the guidance of the pillars of faith that certainly affect the journey believers, This paper can to some extent provide a new formula in exploring the Islamic education system through the study of the history of the Prophet Adam Alaihi Salam starting from its creator, the interaction between angels and God as well as the influence and involvement of the devil in heaven as a process of maturity.
Placing Information Skills in Context: As a Tool in Developing Teachers’ Writing Competency and Promoting Deeper Learning
Authors: Abdul Karim Faziah
Published: March 2021

In recent years, library media experts have endeavored to move from teaching isolated library skills to teaching integrated information skills. Information skills are integrated effectively when the skills directly relate to the content area curriculum and classroom assignments and are incorporated in a logical and systematic information process model. This study examines the level of teachers’ ability to apply information skills in Reports Writing of teachers attending the English Language Professional Development (CPD) Course. Although random sampling would ensure validity and reliability, there is no true sampling as the course participants are the only subjects here. The whole group of 24-course participants is involved in this study and is used as a sample of the study. A Likert scale set with a four-point Likert scale is used in assessing this study. The reliability value of questionnaire items in the pilot study was Cronbach alpha = 0.90. The results of this study were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 using simple percentages and to obtain mean analysis, standard deviation, and correlation. (Mean = 3.12, SD = .52) locating information source, (Mean = 3.1, SD = .496) extracting relevant information, (Mean = 3.04, SD = .53) synthesizing the information and evaluating to communicate the information (Mean = 3.07, SD = .52). The findings also show the correlation of locating information source with extracting relevant information (r = .975), synthesizing the information (r = .976), and evaluating to communicate the information (r = .984) is at a high level. To ensure that the principles of triangulation eliminate personal assumptions entering the findings, various instruments were also used. A pre-test and a post-test were given to assess respondents’ entry knowledge before the start of the course and their overall performance at the end of the course. The best result in the pre-test was in the ‘summary’ and the best score for the post-test was in ’Direct Quotations’. Assessing the respondents’ reports writing was done to ascertain the effective and accurate application of information skills in their report writings. More than fifty percent of the course participants obtained a high score for their report writing marks. They had manifested a good mastery of information skills and in terms of precision of ideas and thoughts as well as coherence and cohesion in writing, the course participants have developed their competency highly and the process of deeper learning, in a recursive, mutually reinforcing cycle. The results of this study would be of considerable significance to lecturers or trainers in the teaching of report writing and preparing course participants to write with higher competency.
Criteria of Ideal English Language Teachers as Perceived by Secondary and Tertiary Indonesian Students
Authors:   State Polytechnic of Malang, INDONESIA, Salam Nur , Putri Aulia Nourma ,   State Polytechnic of Malang, INDONESIA, Patima Tundung Subali ,   State Polytechnic of Malang, INDONESIA, Abdul Latiff Azmi ,   Centre for Language Studies, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MALAYSIA, Md Zamin Ainul Azmin ,   Department of English and Literature,  International Islamic University, MALAYSIA
Published: March 2021

This study presents English teachers' professional, personality, social, leadership, and classroom interaction attributes which senior high school and university students expect from their English teachers. By knowing those attributes, English teachers are expected to be able to help their students attain better English language proficiency. For the investigation, five sets of questions were distributed in order to find out the respondents’ favourite English teachers attributes. The respondents consisted of senior students of three high schools and undergraduates of three universities who had high, mediocre and low English language proficiency. The results show that the students' levels of education and English language proficiency influence the students' perceptions on their English teachers' attributes. This study suggests that English teachers recognize the attributes that their students highly expect from them. It is suggested that English teacher training institutions should conduct more professional English language and language teaching trainings that help teachers to develop the attributes. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia to monitor and evaluate universities and institutions which establish English Education Departments.