bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An X-Ray Shell Reveals the Supernova Explosion for Galactic Microquasar SS 433
Authors: Chi 池 Yi-Heng 奕恒 , Huang 黄 Jiahui 佳辉 , Zhou 周 Ping 平 , Feng 冯 Hua 骅 , Li 李 Xiang-Dong 向东 , Markoff Sera B. , Safi-Harb Samar , Olivera-Nieto Laura
Published: November 2024

How black holes are formed remains an open and fundamental question in astrophysics. Despite theoretical predictions, it lacks observations to understand whether the black hole formation experiences a supernova explosion. Here we report the discovery of an X-ray shell north of the Galactic microquasar SS 433 harboring a stellar-mass black hole spatially associated with radio continuum and polarization emissions and an H i cloud. Its spectrum can be reproduced by a 1 keV underionized plasma, from which the shell is inferred to have been created by a supernova explosion 20–30 kyr ago, and its properties constitute evidence for canonical supernova explosions to create some black holes. Our analysis precludes other possible origins including heated by jets or blown by disk winds. According to the lower mass limit of the compact object in SS 433, we roughly deduced that the progenitor should be more massive than 25 M
⊙. The existence of such a young remnant in SS 433 can also lead to new insights into the supercritical accretion in young microquasars and the γ-ray emission of this system. The fallback ejecta may provide accretion materials within tens of thousands of years, while the shock of the supernova remnant may play a crucial role in the cosmic-ray (re)acceleration.
Unified Theory of Negative and Positive Spectral Lags in the Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Phase due to Shear Comptonization from a Structured Jet
Authors: Vyas Mukesh Kumar , Pe’er Asaf , Iyyani Shabnam
Published: November 2024

Positive spectral lags are commonly observed in gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt phase where soft photons lag behind hard ones in their spectral studies. In contrast to this pattern, a fraction of GRBs show a negative spectral lag where hard photons arrive later compared to soft photons. Similarly, recent Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations show a late onset of high-energy photons in most GRB observations. A fraction of GRBs show a transition from positive to negative lags. Such negative lags and the spectral lag transition have no convincing explanation. We show that a structured GRB jet with velocity shear naturally produces both positive and negative spectral lags. The high-energy photons gain energy from repeated scattering with shearing layers and subsequently escape from higher altitudes. Hence, these photons are delayed compared to soft photons producing a negative spectral lag. The inner jet has no shear, and a positive lag appears to provide a unified picture of spectral lags in GRBs. The theory predicts a flip in spectral lag from positive to negative within the evolution of the prompt phase. Comparison of the observed lags with the prediction of the theory limits the possible range of GRB jet Lorentz factors to a few tens.
Legacy molecular phylogenetics suggests restricting the concept of Melandryidae and resurrecting Osphyidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)
Authors: Cosandey Vivien , Konvička Ondřej , Toussaint Emmanuel F. A.
Published: November 2024

The superfamily Tenebrionoidea is one of the most challenging clades in the beetle tree-of-life owing to its vast species richness and complex taxonomic history. Within this group, the family Melandryidae has long been overlooked and its systematics remains poorly known. Using available sequence data, we infer the most comprehensive phylogeny of Melandryidae to date. Our results support the polyphyly of Melandryidae with three independent clades spread across Tenebrionoidea. To accommodate these results, we restrict the status of Melandryidae and resurrect the family Osphyidaestat. rev. The third clade corresponding to the tribe Serropalpini pro parte is placed as incertae sedis within Tenebrionoidea pending further investigation and additional taxon sampling to resolve its phylogenetic placement.
The role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ulcerative colitis and changes following tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Joo Yang Hee , Jung Sung-Ae , Byeon Ju-Ran , Choe A-Reum , Park Yehyun , Tae Chung Hyun , Moon Chang Mo , Kim Seong-Eun , Jung Hye-Kyung , Shim Ki-Nam
Published: November 2024

Background/Aims: The programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway has not been fully evaluated in inflammatory bowel disease. We evaluated PD-1/PD-L1 levels in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and their significance in tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) treatment.Methods: Using acute and chronic murine colitis model, we measured the PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in inflamed colonic tissues pre- and post-treatment with TMSCs. We also measured PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in colonic tissues from UC patients, compared to normal controls.Results: In the analysis using human colonic tissues, a significant increase in the levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 was observed in the colonic mucosa of patients with UC compared with normal controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). When comparing the maximal disease extent, PD-L1 levels were highest in patients with proctitis (38.5 ± 46.7), followed by left-side colitis (17.5 ± 23.1) and extensive colitis (5.2 ± 8.2) (p < 0.001). In the chronic colitis model, the level of PD-L1 was decreased (p = 0.040) and the level of PD-1 increased more than in normal controls (p = 0.047). After treatment with TMSC, significant improvements were observed in body weight, disease activity index, and colon length recovery. Additionally, the levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 were recovered; PD-L1 significantly increased (p = 0.031), while the level of PD-1 decreased (p = 0.310).Conclusions: The altered expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in colonic mucosa may be a possible mechanism of UC, and T-MSC-derived PD-L1 could help suppress colitis.
Vers une titrisation de l’action en justice ?
Authors: Granier Thierry
Published: November 2024

Le tiers financement de contentieux qui se traduit par la cession d’une partie de la créance née de l’indemnité sur laquelle va être adossée une émission de titres acquis par des investisseurs correspond à un mécanisme de titrisation, mais il n’est pas encadré par un texte spécifique. Il serait possible de le faire entrer dans le cadre légal prévu pour les opérations de titrisation, le système serait alors régulé et sécurisé.
Biologic Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Repair: Current Concepts Review
Authors: Uyeki Colin L. , Ford Brian T. , Shuman Matthew E. , Hawthorne Benjamin C. , Wellington Ian J. , Mazzocca Augustus D.
Published: November 2024

Rotator cuff tears are common in an aging population. Thus far, primary repairs have shown high re-tear rates suggesting the need for improved healing modalities. Current augmentations of rotator cuff repairs include synthetic and biological scaffolds, surgical bone marrow venting, and infusing the repair with a variety of stem cells and growth factors aimed at restoring the native cellular structure and function of the repaired tissue. This current concepts review discusses the anatomy, physical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of rotator cuff tears; biological adjuvants for rotator cuff repairs; and the current literature on outcomes after biologically augmented rotator cuff repairs. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(6):e282–e286.]
Numerical investigation of convergence in the $ L^{\infty} $ norm for modified SGFEM applied to elliptic interface problems
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Liu Kai
Published: November 2024

Convergence in the $ L^{\infty} $ norm is a very important consideration in numerical simulations of interface problems. In this paper, a modified stable generalized finite element method (SGFEM) was proposed for solving the second-order elliptic interface problem in the two-dimensional bounded and convex domain. The proposed SGFEM uses a one-side enrichment function. There is no stability term in the weak form of the model problem, and it is a conforming finite element method. Moreover, it is applicable to any smooth interface, regardless of its concavity or shape. Several nontrivial examples illustrate the excellent properties of the proposed SGFEM, including its convergence in both the $ L^2 $ and $ L^{\infty} $ norms, as well as its stability and robustness.
Le « grand remplacement » lexical : enjeux sémantiques, performatifs et démocratiques de « la bataille des mots » à l’extrême droite, du Front national à Éric Zemmour
Authors: Alduy Cécile
Published: November 2024

L’article étudie comment les dirigeants des principaux partis d’extrême droite française (FN-RN, Reconquête !) se sont emparés depuis les années 1990 du thème de la « bataille culturelle » pour construire un récit performatif de conquête du pouvoir par les idées et les mots. Il analyse à partir d’un corpus de textes de Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen et Éric Zemmour diffusés entre 1987 et 2022 les modalités de mise en discours et en récit de la métaphore filée de la « bataille culturelle », son fonctionnement comme lieu commun et ses effets argumentatifs. Il montre que les divers procédés rhétoriques, stylistiques et lexicaux utilisés pour cadrer les débats et transformer le langage politique convergent dans un processus systématique de remplacement lexical et une altération sémantique du vocabulaire républicain. L’article interroge enfin le statut métaphorique ambigu de l’item « bataille culturelle », dont les implicites idéologiques en discours participent d’une valorisation de la violence comme mode d’action et construisent un espace politique et géographique où seul l’affrontement, voire la guerre – et non le débat démocratique – peuvent résoudre les conflictualités.
Quand Bolsonaro part en guerre : mobilisation des enjeux de genre et polarisation dans le Brésil contemporain
Authors: Athayde Sauandaj Antonio
Published: November 2024

En profitant de l’essor aux années 2010 de la campagne brésilienne contre le « genre », Jair Bolsonaro s’impose comme leader hégémonique de l’opposition, et passe du statut de député à celui de président de la République en l’espace de huit ans. À partir de l’étude de sa stratégie de communication politique, cet article interroge la mise en ressource électorale des enjeux de genre et ses effets de polarisation dans le Brésil contemporain.
L’accueil humanitaire d’urgence aux Îles Canaries : encampement et pandémie aux frontières de l’Europe
Authors: Gallinal Arias Andrea
Published: November 2024

La route migratoire des Îles Canaries est redevenue scène d’une nouvelle « crise migratoire » en 2020. Cette situation a été conçue et traitée comme une urgence dans le contexte de pandémie de la Covid-19. Cet article examine comment cette crise a conduit à des pratiques de confinement et d’isolement des personnes exilées justifiées par l’urgence humanitaire. Le nouveau modèle d’accueil mis en place par le gouvernement sera analysé pour mettre en avant ces pratiques de contrôle d’une population conçue comme vulnérable.
Confinement et mise en dépendance des refugié·es syrien·nes : le camp de Zaatari en Jordanie
Authors: Khaleefa Amal , Napolitano Valentina
Published: November 2024

Cet article analyse les logiques humanitaires et sécuritaires qui font du camp de Zaatari en Jordanie un dispositif de confinement et de mise en dépendance des réfugié·es syrien·nes qui y sont installé·es depuis 2012. Il montre comment cet espace, initialement conçu pour faciliter leur accueil, devient un lieu de contrôle et d’isolement, dans un contexte marqué par les pressions des bailleurs de fonds internationaux visant l’endiguement des flux migratoires. Il illustre également comment le confinement dans ses dimensions politiques, juridiques, spatiales et symboliques, engendre une mise en dépendance des réfugié·es et entrave leur projection dans le futur. En s’appuyant sur des enquêtes ethnographiques, cet article place au cœur de l’analyse les représentations des réfugié·es et leurs stratégies de résistance face aux entraves des mobilités et aux difficultés d’accès aux ressources.
METAHEURISTIC-ASSISTED HYBRID RECOGNITION MODEL FOR BRAIN ACTIVITY DETECTION
Authors: Takawale Amruta Jagadish , Paithane Ajay N.
Published: November 2024

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings typically capture the integrals of active brain potentials, which vary in latencies and populations. Anomalies in EEG data, often associated with epilepsy, play a crucial role in identifying conditions such as brain death, encephalopathy, coma, depth of anesthesia, and sleep disturbances. To get early warnings for these diseases, this work intends to propose a novel approach for brain activity detection from EEG signals. A new Hybrid Classification of Combined Coot Blue Monkey Optimization (HC-CCBO) method is proposed in this work. Initially, improved [Formula: see text]-score normalization was used to preprocess the EEG signal. Further, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), improved correlation and statistical features were extracted. After that, we set up hybrid classification, which exploited Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) and Deep Max Out (DMO) models. Further, weights of BI-GRU and DMO were optimized via Combined Coot Blue Monkey Optimization (CCBO) optimization. Finally, we obtain the output scores of the rest, left fist, both fists, right fist, and both feet from the suggested hybrid brain activity recognition model. The effectiveness of the suggested HC-CCBO model is compared to conventional techniques using a variety of metrics. Compared to the existing models, the suggested model obtains a high maximum accuracy of 0.93 at the 90th learning percentage.
Comparative Analysis of Traditional vs. Deep Learning-Based Steganography Techniques
Authors: Singh Siddhanta Kumar , Sharma Vijay Shankar , Parmar Hemlata , Channi Harpreet Kaur
Published: November 2024

Over the past few years, the deep learning technique as it pertains to steganography, the art of hiding a message in public information, has progressed significantly. This chapter compares the different techniques of deep learning-based steganography and conventional steganography. The emphasis in traditional methods of embedding information like the LSB substitution rests on the number of messages that can possibly be embedded and the level of resistance towards statistical detection. In contrast, the deep learning-based steganography approaches incorporate artificial neural networks which enhance the embedding process to optimize the data capacity, security, and functionality of many different types of media. Deep learning methods are, however, innovative and provide more security and robustness, although their disadvantage is the high processing power. For that deep learning steganography is an advancement. This is an emerging trend in the field where deep learning is likely to be incorporated in the coming days as an important enhancement of other sketched vision system.
IoT-Enabled Steganography-Based Smart Agriculture Using Machine Learning Models in Industry 5.0
Authors: Geetha R. , Veena T. , Kamalaban E. , Doss Srinath , Nair Prashant , Ibrikci Turgay
Published: November 2024

Farmers are facing a lot of hurdles in cultivation and earning profit out of it. The advancements in technology are growing rapidly and can be used by the farmers to increase their yield. This work enables the use of artificial intelligence-enabled Industry 5.0 in the field of agriculture. The farmers can manage their farms by using smart IoT-enabled technologies in three phases. The first stage is farm management where they can manage planting time and harvest. The second stage is internet of things (IoT)-enabled monitoring in which IoT devices such as node MCU, soil moisture sensor, and DHT11 sensor are used to monitor soil moisture, air humidity, and temperature. These data are collected and transferred to the user in a secure manner using stenographic techniques. The third stage is the detection of crop diseases which helps the farmers to upload pictures of infected leaves using cell phones. The machine learning models are used to analyze steganographic data which is uploaded by the farmers and suggest treatments for plant illnesses with high precision.
The HMGBa–HSP70–ATF4-β Axis Restricts White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Crayfish
Authors: Cao Xiao-Tong , Liu Yan , Sun Jie-Jie , Jiang Shi-Jin , Lan Jiang-Feng
Published: November 2024

Envelope viruses are the most threatening pathogens to eukaryotes. The search for target genes against envelope viruses is particularly important. The activating transcription factors (ATFs) regulate cancer proliferation, maintain cellular redox homeostasis, extend biological longevity, and respond to viral stimuli. However, the mechanism of ATF antiviral immunity, especially envelope viruses, is rarely reported. Two ATF4 homologs (ATF4-α and ATF4-β) with a difference of one β sheet (7 amino acids) were identified in crayfish. Further studies showed that ATF4-β was activated and significantly translocated into the nucleus after envelope virus white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. During WSSV infection, the host may recognize WSSV in some way (such as HMGBa recognizing WSSV by interacting with WSSV/VP28) and transmits the signal to cell, and then HMGBa, HSP70, and ATF4-β interact with each other in the cytoplasm and promote nuclear translocation of ATF4-β. ATF4-β entered the nucleus to initiate the transcription of ATF4 and ALFs. In addition, ALF1 could bind to VP28 to inhibit virus assembly in the nucleus and reinfection. This study elucidated a novel mechanism of ATF4-β in antienvelope virus immune responses, and ATF4 may be a potential target for disease prevention and control.
Epidemiological and clinical profiles of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Gashaw Bizuayehu , Yizengaw Endalew , Nibret Endalkachew , Workineh Addisu , Abebe Adisu
Published: November 2024

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania parasites. Ethiopia is one of the top ten countries with high CL load. Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) is one of the CL hotspot areas in Ethiopia. This study determined the epidemiology and clinical profiles of CL in ANRS. This study was conducted from April to October 2023 in eight Leishmaniasis Treatment Centres (LTCs). A data review was done from patients presenting to these centres between June 2018 and July 2023. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed using SPSS-23. A total of 1729 CL patients were recorded. The overall burden of CL per 10,000 outpatients was 900. Most of the patients (71.1%) presented with localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). The patients were from 112 districts. About 12% of the patients lived with the disease for over a year without treatment. Multiple-time comer patients accounted for 13.2% of the patients. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a major public health problem in ANRS. One-third of CL patients presented with the MCL clinical form. There was longer delay among CL patients for seeking diagnosis and treatment. Large scale community based study and traditional and modern treatment centers focused studies should be included to estimate the actual number of CL in the region. Follow-up and molecular studies are important to better understand the clinical features of the disease.  Moreover, awareness of the community about the CL prevention and control help the patients to get early diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance: Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Indian Hospitals
Authors: Warrier Anup , Thanusubramanian Harish , Routray Abhisek , Mane Akshata
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to public health globally and is expected to worsen if not addressed. AMR has far-reaching consequences, impacting patients, public health, health-care systems, and society. It not only leads to increased morbidity and mortality but also poses significant challenges to the health-care industry, resulting in treatment failures and escalating costs associated with intensive interventions. Hospitals are also affected by AMR through prolonged hospital stays with increased costs of health care. It significantly impacts the success of cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation and often compromises major surgeries. In this review, we have highlighted the clinical and economic consequences of AMR and the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS programs) to combat resistance and protect patient health. As part of an organizational or system-wide health-care strategy, the AMS programs promote, evaluate, improve, and monitor the rational use of antimicrobials to safeguard their future effectiveness while promoting and protecting public health. We have also discussed the role of AMS programs in mitigating the clinical and economic impacts of AMR in Indian hospitals and provided some key suggestions for implementing AMS programs in this setting.
A Comparative Study of Compliance with Select Parameters of Patient Safety among Nurses and Doctors in Emergency, Intensive Care Unit, and a Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jan Farooq A. , Ennas Chowdhary , Haroon Rashid , Sajad Bhat , Shahnawaz Khan , Samina Mufti
Published: November 2024

Background:

Patient safety is a critical component of health-care quality. Population-based studies from a number of nations around the world have consistently demonstrated unacceptably high rates of medical injury and preventable deaths. There is a need to capture these mistakes, identify compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) regarding patient safety, and not only learn from them but also to share them with others so that such mistakes are prevented.

Methodology:

An observational study was carried out in the emergency department, inpatient area, and intensive care units (ICUs) for 3 months each. The checklist had various parameters such as medication errors, correct patient identification, surgery, hospital-acquired infection, handover take over, patient care, and equipment upkeep.

Results:

Regarding the compliance of medication among nurses, expiry date was checked more frequently in the ICU setting, and pharmacological name was checked before injection more frequently in wards and ICU than in emergency. Compliance with handwashing/sanitizing and adherence to the WHO recommendations among nurses as well as doctors is more in the ICU setting while moving from one patient to another and is statistically significant. The present study revealed that compliance about biomedical waste management was better among nursing staff than physicians. This study found better communication among nursing staff as well as doctors about patient details at the time of shift change in ICUs as well as while shifting patients from one area to another, and this is statistically significant. It was found that records of adverse events are better maintained in intensive care areas than in wards and emergency. Call book register is not being maintained in emergency, and both were statistically significant. The nurses blamed the shortage of staff as the primary reason for noncompliance and partial compliance to SOPs. The hospital under study was grossly deficient vis-a-vis nursing staffing norms as many positions were vacant.

Conclusion:

There is better compliance with SOPs regarding medication administration, hand hygiene, hospital infection control practices, correct patient identification, handoffs, maintenance of records regarding adverse events, and maintenance of call book register in intensive care settings than in emergency and wards, which is in line with the concept of progressive patient care. Compliance is better among nursing staff as compared to doctors which can be explained by better attitude among nursing staff. The vacant positions of nursing staff need to be filled, which can have a good impact on adherence to SOPs.
Genetic Relationships and Population Structure among Nigerian Ethnic Groups (Ibibio, Igbo, Hausa, Tiv and Yoruba) Based on Nine DNA Loci
Authors: Akpan Utom-Obong U. , Amusa Oluwafemi D. , Adebesin Olumide A. , Adebajo Oluwaseye A. , Akande Temitope E. , Onaja Peter , Ayuba Peace , Udoh Kudighe , Akpan Helen B. , Garba Nura , Abafras Fwangjel Pantu , Ojo Joshua H. , Adeyemi Israel G. , Okpuzor Joy , Adekoya Khalid O.
Published: November 2024

Context:

Population-specific attributes typically determine the behavior of human genotypes and traits in individuals. Examining the genetic relationships between populations presents an opportunity to observe patterns of genetic changes over time. By comparing populations, it is possible to see factors that may have sparked the evolution of a trait or genotype as well as the genetic diversity of the populations. Genetic diversity in the groups in Nigeria is still largely undefined. This can be achieved with the use of genetic markers.

Aims:

To determine the genetic relationships between Igbo, Ibibio, Yoruba, Tiv, and Hausa ethnic groups using nine short tandem repeat DNA markers.

Settings and Design:

Observational studies of 250 consenting participants.

Methods and Material:

Individuals of Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Ibibio, and Tiv were randomly sampled from their ethnic homes in Nigeria at participating institutions. DNA was extracted from blood samples using commercial DNA kits, and tested for nine autosomal short tandem repeat loci alleles using PCR and electrophoresis. The allele types and sizes were read and recorded for each locus for every individual.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Allelic frequencies, population pairwise genetic distances (FST and RST, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated using GenAlEx v6.502.

Results:

The fixation index (FST) was between 0.001 and 0.500 in the five populations. The estimated variation was 99.98% within individuals and 0.10% among populations. Four heterogeneous clusters were observed with three axes accounting for 32.86% variation.

Conclusions:

The genetic relationships closely mirrored linguistic groupings showing that language may have shaped early interaction and ultimately gene transfer between these groups.
Fluorapofylit-(K) a doprovodná zeolitová mineralizace z vrchu Bukovina u Chřibské v Lužických horách (Česká republika)
Authors: Pauliš Petr , Hrůzek Libor , Janeček Oldřich , Dolníček Zdeněk , Pour Ondřej , Čurda Michal
Published: November 2024

Fluorapophyllite-(K) and associated zeolites were found in Cenozoic pyroclastic rocks in the rock cut of the forest path ca. 100 m from the top of the Bukovina hill (557 m above sea level) near Chřibská in the Lužické hory Mts., Czech Republic. The dominant component of mineralization is fluorapophyllite-(K), forming white crystals up to 15 mm in size, accompanied by chabazite-K and phillipsite-group minerals. The unit-cell parameters of fluorapophyllite-(K), refined from powder X-ray data, are a 9.001(2), c 15.795(3) Å and V 1279.71 Å3. Chemical analyses of fluorapophyllite-(K) (mean of 10 points) correspond to the empirical formula (K0.85Na0.16)Σ1.01(Si7.75Al0.25)Σ8.00O20F0.97·8 H2O.
Maldonite (Au2Bi) from hydrothermal U-As mineralization near Henclová (Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts., Western Carpathians): the first occurrence in Slovakia
Authors: Ferenc Štefan , Kopáčik Richard , Števko Martin , Mikuš Tomáš
Published: November 2024

In Slovakia, maldonite was identified in the hydrothermal vein with U-sulphidic ore mineralization near Henclová village (Gelnica district) in the Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts. (Vlachovo Formation, Gemeric Unit). It is the first occurrence of this mineral in Slovakia. Mineralization is developed in a hydrothermal quartz-chlorite (± fine grained white mica) vein with abundant arsenopyrite and minor quantities of uraninite, gersdorffite, löllingite, galenobismutite, bismuthinite, maldonite, bismuth and gold. Maldonite forms irregular grains up to 12 μm in size embedded in arsenopyrite, or extremely fine capillary veinlets in it. An intergrowth of maldonite with bismuthinite was rarely also observed. The chemical composition of maldonite is relatively monotonous, its average empirical formula can be expressed as (Au1.79Fe0.15)Σ1.94(Bi0.98As0.02S0.04)Σ1.04. Microstructural relationships of ore minerals suggest that maldonite precipitated in the final stages of ore mineralization, when the temperature of the system decreased (after the crystallization of sulphoarsenides and löllingite).
Beraunite group minerals and related phosphates
Authors: Tvrdý Jaromír
Published: November 2024

Basic iron phosphates are a complicated group of minerals, despite their relatively simple chemical composition. In a comprehensive work based on the author’s doctoral thesis, the individual mineral phases close to beraunite including ferroberaunite, zincoberaunite and tvrdýite are characterized. Genetic conditions of formation and the influence of geological environment on the chemical composition were outlined. The work is completed by characteristic data of structurally related phosphate minerals containing the so-called h-cluster, i.e. members of the dufrénite and rockbridgeite groups, of the gormanite-souzalite series, lipscombite and barbosalite.
Zero Waste: Mewujudkan Masa Depan Ramah Lingkungan bagi Masyarakat Desa Jongkong
Authors: Weran Yohana Triana Ina , Rais Burhanudin , Mikha Mikha
Published: November 2024

Waste is a significant issue in society, both in Indonesia and globally. The primary challenges are the availability of landfills and the awareness of residents. Jongkong Pasar Village in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, faces similar issues. Consequently, a Zero Waste-themed community service program was implemented to enhance residents' awareness in managing household waste, particularly plastic. This activity took place in January 2024 utilizing the counseling method. As a result, residents' understanding of waste management improved through the implementation of zero waste practices. This fosters great hope that those who were not present will emulate the actions of the participants. Consequently, the waste problem in Jongkong Pasar Village can be addressed promptly.
Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Akidah Akhlak dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Aprilina Leni , Fridiyanto Fridiyanto , Armida Armida
Published: November 2024

The main problem of this research is that the pedagogical competence of teachers of moral beliefs is not optimal in improving student learning outcomes at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Ikhlas, Sungai Raya Village, Batang Tuaka District. This research uses a qualitative approach. Analysis of the results of research conducted by researchers regarding teacher pedagogical competence in improving student learning outcomes at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Ikhlas, Sungai Raya Village, Batang Tuaka District, shows that it is quite good, but there are several indicators that are not optimal, such as: teachers only focus on active students, learning less centered on student activity, minimal use of varied and interesting methods and media. Student learning outcomes have quite good knowledge scores but are not good in terms of attitudes.
Investigating Electro-Thermal Coupling in Three-Dimensional Integrated Systems: Simulation Design Advances and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Khan Atif Rauf , Hussain Nigar
Published: November 2024

Three-dimensional integrated systems employing vertical stacking technology and through-silicon via (TSV) interconnects offer enhanced performance and reduced power consumption. However, TSV technology introduces elector-thermal coupling phenomena, compromising the reliability and efficiency of these systems. This study provides a comprehensive review of simulation design advancements for elector-thermal coupling in TSV-based three-dimensional integrated circuits. Electrical and thermal simulation methodologies are elucidated and potential impacts and mitigation strategies are thoroughly explored. A systematic analysis is presented to elucidate the challenges and optimization opportunities in electorthermal coupling, informing future research directions.
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Sebagai Upaca Pengetasan Kemiskinan di Desa Pantai Harapan Kecamatan Cembaga Hulu Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur
Authors: Sawitri Nur , Rahmat Widya
Published: November 2024

Salah satu permasalahan utama adalah kemiskinan di banyak negara berkembang,termasuk Indonesia.Pemerintah menjelaskan bahwa permasalahan kemiskinan di Indonesia terkadang perlu diatasi dengan program khusus karena pengentasan kemiskinan secara keseluruhan dianggap sebagai salah satu tujuan peningkatan kemiskinan Meningkatkan kebutuhan sosial,pendidikan dan kesehatan keluarga. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan saat ini berfungsi dalam operasi bantuan di Desa Pantai Harapan, Kecamatan Cempaga Hulu,Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur.Dalam penelitian ini mengunakan metode Kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data Observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi menunjukkan adanya kendala di wilayah ini.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan adanya Keterlambatan implementasi program Keluarga Harapan, yaitu penyaluran bantuan tunai melalui ATM, dan hambatan akses antar desa menjadi kendala dalam hal ini.Hal ini penting agar seluruh penerima manfaat dapat lebih memahami tujuan, mekanisme dan manfaat PKH.Untuk mencegah program PKH hanya memberikan dukungan sementara, disarankan untuk memasukkan program pelatihan keterampilan dan kewirausahaan bagi penerima manfaatHal ini akan membantu penerima PKH meningkatkan kemandirian finansial dan mencegah mereka bergantung pada bantuan jangka panjang.
Geopolitical Security Concerns: A Catalyst for Russia’s Reengagement of Africa in Relations
Authors: Taiwo Matthew Tope , Ademuyiwa Akin
Published: November 2024

Russia, also in the garb of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, had a record of a long-standing relations with Africa, the relationship that incidentally took a cold turn at the instance of the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, as Russia prioritized stabilizing its domestic issues as the successor of the Soviet’s legacy.  The emergence of the 21st century came with the post-Cold War security threat to Russian geopolitical space especially from its cold war rivals and hostile bordering states thus, prompting the conscientious efforts by Russia to review its foreign policy towards African alignment. The new Russia-Africa relations have generated a lot of interest by researchers, who have addressed the issue from a wide range of views, some of which included political, ideology, technical and economic. Cognizant of the geopolitical security concerns, which is observed as the primary basis for its new African relations, this research aims to examine Russian reengagement of Africa in relations adopting geostrategic theory. Data are gathered from secondary sources. The research is qualitative and framed within the scope of Russia-Africa security relations from 2014, following its annexation of Crimea, which marked a new phase of hostility between Russia and some North Atlantic Treaty Organisation allied countries.  To achieve its strategic goal in Africa, Russia needs to pursue a comprehensive cooperation in other areas of direct investment that could offer African countries reciprocal paybacks that meet their national interests farther than concentrating on military aspect to achieving a personal goal.
FUNÇÃO EXTRAFISCAL E A ADEQUAÇÃO DO IMPOSTO SELETIVO INCIDENTE SOBRE CARROS ELÉTRICOS
Authors: Guimarães Castello Melissa , Weingärtner Welter Isabela
Published: November 2024

A Reforma Tributária introduziu uma série de mudanças no sistema fiscal brasileiro. Desde a unificação de impostos até novos princípios, as alterações abordaram inúmeros aspectos da tributação. Entre os pontos de maior pertinência, encontram-se o Imposto Seletivo e sua função ambiental extrafiscal. O Imposto Seletivo é um tributo que incidirá somente sobre bens e serviços considerados danosos para a coletividade. Do ponto de vista ambiental, ele será aplicado às atividades que são prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, seguindo uma linha principiológica da Reforma de estimular o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. Entretanto, no que concerne aos veículos, o referido imposto será aplicado tanto para carros alimentados por combustíveis fósseis como para aqueles que são elétricos, de modo contrário às tendências globais. Carros movidos por eletricidade são, de modo geral, menos poluentes que aqueles que se utilizam da queima de combustíveis, em especial do ponto de vista da emissão de gases do efeito estufa na atmosfera. Questiona-se, nesse sentido, se o Imposto Seletivo está sendo implementado de maneira coerente no novo sistema. Por isso, o presente artigo busca clarificar se o Imposto Seletivo incidente sobre os carros elétricos é condizente com a proposta ambiental da Reforma, concluindo-se que o modelo originalmente proposto para o Imposto Seletivo, de isenção para carros elétricos, era o mais adequado.
Emprego da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo para caracterização in situ da composição de alimentos e de substâncias ilícitas
Authors:   , Souza Jamille Carvalho de
Published: November 2024

Dois espectrofotômetros operando na região do infravermelho próximo (NIR) miniaturizados e de baixo custo: NanoNIR (Texas Instruments Inc., EUA), que monitora a faixa espectral de 900 a 1700 nm, e NeoSpectra micro-FT-NIR (Si-ware, Egito), operando entre 1350 e 2550 nm; foram avaliados para determinar características de cafés comerciais e para caracterizar amostras de cocaína apreendidas pela Polícia Federal. Além disso, também foi proposta uma nova abordagem analítica baseada na espectroscopia NIR, usando o NeoSpectra, análise de correlação e análise multivariada de dados para selecionar produtos comerciais. Essa abordagem foi aplicada em amostras de edulcorantes vendidas à granel. Para tanto, foram coletados espectros NIR de conjuntos abrangentes de amostras de cafés de cápsulas, cocaína e edulcorantes. Esses espectros foram pré-processados e tratados com o software Unscrambler 11.0 (Aspen Technologies, Noruega), avaliados utilizando análise de componentes principais (PCA), modelagem independente e flexível por analogias de classes (SIMCA), resolução de curva multivariada de mínimos quadrados alternantes (MCR-ALS) e mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS). No caso dos cafés, diferenças entre lotes de um mesmo tipo de café puderam ser observadas e modelos quantitativos baseados em PLS foram construídos para determinar as características de intensidade, amargor, corpo, torra e acidez das amostras. Já para as amostras de cocaína, ambos os instrumentos mostraram a diferença entre cocaína base e cloridrato de cocaína empregando-se PCA. Além disso, foram construídos modelos de classificação SIMCA e de regressão PLS, a fim de identificar e quantificar, respectivamente, o teor de cocaína nas amostras. E, por fim, o estudo de caso dos edulcorantes à granel mostrou que a combinação de técnicas multivariadas com inspeção visual de espectros e correlação espectral produz resultados qualitativos e quantitativos confiáveis, reduzindo o custo de implementação ao evitar o uso de instrumentos caros e grandes conjuntos de dados de amostras analisadas por métodos analíticos de referência. Os resultados revelaram o potencial dos espectrofotômetros NIR miniaturizados e de baixo custo para caracterizar qualitativa e quantitativamente diversos tipos de amostras de interesse comercial e forense. Palavras-chave: Espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo; Espectrofotômetros NIR portáteis; Análise in situ; Análise multivariada de dados; Análise de correlação espectral; Café torrado e moído; Cloridrato de cocaína; Cocaína base livre; Edulcorantes à granel.
Regspraak: The court’s power to appoint a liquidator in terms of section 163 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008
Authors: Swart WJC , Boraine Andre
Published: November 2024

In Berlein v Salisburg Landy (Pty) Ltd ((3330/20) 2023 ZAMPMBHC 52 (26 Sept 2023)) het die hof ’n likwidateur kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) van die Maatskappywet 71 van 2008 aangestel. Die beslissing word gekritiseer eerstens omdat regshulp kragtens artikel 163(2) toegestaan is sonder dat ’n aansoek op grond van artikel 163 voor die hof gedien het. ’n Hof het geen diskresie om regshulp kragtens artikel 163(2) uit te oefen alvorens die gronde in artikel 163(1) bewys is nie. Tweedens het die hof ten spyte van die wye diskresie wat dit ingevolge artikel 163(2) geniet, ’n likwidateur aangestel terwyl daar verskeie alternatiewe en meer gepaste vorms van regshulp tot die hof se beskikking was wat minder drastiese gevolge vir die maatskappy en ander belanghebbendes sou inhou. Die feite en beslissing in hierdie saak lig sekere probleme en potensiële probleme met betrekking tot die formulering van artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet toe. Artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet wat die hof magtig om ’n likwidateur aan te stel, word vergelyk met artikel 241(3)(b) van die Kanadese Corporations Act (RSC 1985 c C-44) en artikel 233(2) van die Australiese Corporations Act 2001. Die regsposisie in Engeland word ook oorweeg. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat alhoewel die regshulp in die laasgenoemde bepalings in die Kanadese en Australiese reg oënskynlik soortgelyk is aan die regshulp wat in artikel 163(2)(b) vervat is, is daar belangrike verskille in die formulering daarvan. Die bewoording van artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet is boonop uit pas met ander bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse regsbeginsels en statutêre bepalings in die volgende opsig: In Suid-Afrika word ’n likwidateur aangestel deur die meester van die hooggeregshof en nie deur ’n hof nie. Kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) kan ’n likwidateur aangestel word wanneer dit vir die hof voorkom dat die betrokke maatskappy insolvent is. Die bewoording van hierdie artikel is problematies, aangesien die hof blykbaar nou die likwidasie van ’n maatskappy kan beveel sonder enige konkrete gronde of bewyse dat die maatskappy insolvent is. Daar word gevolglik geargumenteer dat die hof se vertolking van artikel 163(2)(b) foutief is aangesien die hof nagelaat het om artikel 163(2)(b) saam met die gronde vermeld in artikel 163 te lees. Die hof se bevinding dat blote bewerings van wanbestuur aanduidend is van ’n maatskappy se insolvensie wat ’n bevel kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) regverdig, word ook krities onder die loep geneem. Die outeurs beveel enkele wysigings tot artikel 163(2)(b) aan.
Test on the Interaction between Two Electrons
Authors:   Independent Engineer, Paris, France, Claude de Miscault Jean
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to calculate if there exists an equilibrium position between 2 free electrons in a vacuum. In fact, they repel each other by the Coulomb force but they attract each other by their magnetic moment, like magnets.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN TOURISM PROMOTION.
EVOLUTION AND TRENDS
Authors: MOZA Miruna Diana , BAN Olimpia
Published: November 2024

The present article investigates the impact of social networks in the tourism
industry, highlighting their transition from simple social platforms to marketing tools. The
paper focuses on analyzing the impact of digitalization on consumer behavior in tourism,
proposing strategies for optimizing tourism marketing in the current digital context.
Moreover, the article is part of a broader research that primarily employs literature review
as its research method. At the same time, it paves the way for further in-depth analyses.
The introduction emphasizes the changes that digitalization has brought to tourism with a
focus on social networks. It discusses the importance of two-way communication as well as
the influence of user-generated content and the role of emerging technologies. The
chronological analysis of social networks from Myspace to Instagram and TikTok highlights
the fact that academic literature was examined to illustrate how technology adaptation has
improved over time and can be enhanced. The section on budget allocation and
performance evaluation details the importance of adaptable strategies for maximizing ROI
and underscores the importance of a complex approach based on quantitative and
qualitative metrics. As part of extensive research, the paper contributes by encouraging the
development of new strategies for digital tourism promotion adapted to the rapidity of
changes.
UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Authors: POP Daniel , SIMUT Ramona , BAC Dorin
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the multifaceted nature of digital entrepreneurship, tracing
its evolution alongside the digital transformation of the broader economy. Entrepreneurship
research has expanded to encompass a wide range of theoretical perspectives. It outlines
the evolution of theoretical perspectives in entrepreneurship studies, shifting from a focus
on individual characteristics to a broader emphasis on environmental, social, and
institutional factors. The paper highlights the diversity of methodological approaches utilized
in entrepreneurship research, ranging quantitative, qualitative, and computational
techniques. The advent of the internet opened the door for e-commerce in the 1990s,
followed by the rise of Web 2.0 social platforms in the 2000s, further empowering
entrepreneurs through user-generated content and the power of networks. The current
phase of digital entrepreneurship is characterized by data-driven platforms, sophisticated
algorithms, and the blurring of physical and digital boundaries. Theoretical frameworks,
including innovation theory, resource-based views, lean startup methodologies, and
institutional perspectives, aid in understanding the opportunities and challenges within this
dynamic field. Digital entrepreneurship is presented as a dynamic force reshaping the
modern economy. The paper traces the evolution of digital entrepreneurship through three
key phases: the emergence of e-commerce in the 1990s, the rise of Web 2.0 social
platforms in the 2000s, and the current dominance of data-driven platforms. The ongoing
digital revolution has profoundly altered the entrepreneurial landscape, demanding new
skills, strategies, and models for success. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated
digital adoption across businesses and society. The paper underscores the significance of
digital entrepreneurship within the context of technological advancement, institutional shifts,
and evolving market dynamics.