bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis: Placebo Response and Its Determinants in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Oshima Tadayuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Miwa Hiroto
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Placebo response rates are relatively higher in clinical trials of disorders of brain-gut interaction. However, placebo response in functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been well described. Minimizing placebo response is important in drug development. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to determine placebo response in trials for FD and to identify factors affecting placebo response rates.

METHODS:

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing medication with placebo in patients with FD. Both symptom improvement and complete relief were considered as separate primary endpoints in the analysis. Proportions of placebo patients experiencing any symptom improvement or complete relief were calculated. Dropouts after randomization for any reason were assumed to represent treatment failure for data extraction and analysis. Placebo response was pooled by a random-effects model, and effects of trial characteristics on the magnitude of placebo response were evaluated.

RESULTS:

In 58 eligible placebo-controlled RCTs of FD from 52 selected citations, 6,732 of 17,890 participants in all trials received placebo. Pooled placebo response rates for symptom improvement and complete relief were 44.3% and 15.6%, respectively. The placebo response rate was lower when improvements were assessed for ≥8 weeks. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed lower placebo response rates even in trials for <8 weeks.

DISCUSSION:

Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that pooled placebo response rates in double-blinded RCTs of FD depended on efficacy criteria. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed stable low placebo response rates in short-term trials.
St. Louis Once Was “P(a)in-Cour(t)”— But Was It Ever “Short of Bread”?
Authors: Gendreau-Hétu Pierre
Published: August 2021

L’histoire française de Saint-Louis débute sous la dépendance de Québec par l’émergence d’un poste colonial appelé P(a)in-Cour(t). Ce premier nom a vite présenté une énigme historique aux États-Unis et embarrassé les analyses d’explications anecdotiques. Des indices reposaient cependant dans le Canada du XVIIIe siècle, d’où provenaient en majorité les pionniers de Saint-Louis. Traditionnellement négligée, l’influence de la vallée du Saint-Laurent sur celle du Mississippi s’exprime par leur parenté toponymique. Les noms P(a)in-Cour(t) et Vide-Poche, perçus comme des créations propres au Pays des Illinois, renvoient en vérité à de vieux noms de lieux laurentiens. La saillance de cette paire toponymique au Missouri a favorisé leur identification inédite dans les registres paroissiaux de Kamouraska contemporains du peuplement canadien aux Illinois. Le prolongement de cette recherche au Canada et en France apporte des données originales à la compréhension du nom P(a)in-Cour(t) et invite l’hypothèse d’origines multiples susceptibles d’avoir anciennement nourri une confusion lexicale.
Decolonising globalised curriculum landscapes: The identity and agency of academics
Authors: Reyes Vicente , Clancy Sharon , Koge Henry , Richardson Kevin , Taylor Phil
Published: August 2021

This article explores how academics in a higher education institution (HEI) make sense of the challenges that they encounter in a neoliberal context typified by an increasingly globalised curriculum landscape. Two key questions are explored: What are the contours of the shifting boundaries which define the ‘global curriculum’ in HEI contexts? How do academics navigate and make sense of this fluidity in an uncertain and disputed landscape? Using reflections on practice emanating from the redesign of educational courses to respond to a rapidly changing student cohort, this inquiry takes an auto-ethnographic approach, offering the perspectives of five academic staff from a UK-based HEI through the lens of their lived experiences, and acknowledging the emerging shifts in identities that they experience and the need to confront tensions in this curriculum space. We conclude that our own scrutiny of, and critical reflections on, our identity and positionality as teachers and education practitioners represent a form of decoloniality, enabling us to find ways to share what we know without excluding knowledge outside it and to welcome contributions and possibilities beyond our own experiences. In terms of how we should act, we recognise that it must be through a dialectic that does not seek cultural supremacy or sovereignty.
Exercise addiction in Mexico: Psychometric properties of the Exercise Addiction Inventory and risk analysis
Authors:   Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, Ciudad de México, México, Salazar Dahiana , Cantú Abril ,   Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, Ciudad de México, México, Ceballos Andrés ,   Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, Berengüí Rosendo ,   Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, España
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The consequences of exercise addiction have a physical, psychological and social impact on the sports men and women, similar to others addictions, which can cause serious health problems. In Mexico its incidence and relevance are unknown, and there is no instrument for its evaluation. This study aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the Exercise Addiction Inventory in a Mexican context and examine its relevance to different groups of people who practice sport. Method: Participants consisted of 487 people who practice physical exercise or competitive sport, aged between 18 and 52, with a mean age of 22.04. The EAI was used, and reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and factorial invariance analysis were conducted. Differences between groups of participants were also tested. Results: The results demonstrated the unifactorial structure of instrument, with satisfactory goodness of fit indices, and its factorial invariance was confirmed. The reliability obtained was adequate. In addition, significant differences were found between men and women in relation to degree of addiction, there was a higher risk for athletes compared to regular exercise goers, and 26.5% of participants obtained scores that place them at a high risk of exercise addiction. Conclusions: It is concluded that EAI is an adequate and reliable instrument, with appropriate psychometric properties. In the studied population there is an excessively high rate of participants who present a high risk of addiction, and men and athletes are the most susceptible groups to develop an exercise addiction.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Bologna (1088–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Vitale Mara
Published: August 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who participated in teaching at the University of Bologna from its inception in the 11th century to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
Vacunación y desarrollo en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Tejedor Estupiñán Joan Miguel
Published: August 2021

La pandemia generada por el virus Sars COV-2 ha dejado hasta diciembre de 2020, alrededor de 100.000.000 de contagiados y 2.000.000 de victimas mortales a nivel mundial (Johns Hopkins University & Medicine, 2020). Sin embargo, como lo advertían científicos y políticos de todo el mundo, las consecuencias de esta pandemia develarían, por un lado, las debilidades de los sistemas de salud de las naciones a la hora de enfrentar este tipo de amenazas globales, por otro lado, el nivel de respuesta ante efectos sociales colaterales generados por las medidas de protección impuestas a nivel global desde la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Why Cytoskeletal Associated Proteins are Important in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Molecular & Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Akin Bali Dilara Fatma
Published: August 2021

Introduction: It has been aimed to analyze the role of pathogenic effects of mutation and expression anomalies occurring on diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1), WASP actin nucleation-promoting factor (WASP), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), actinin alpha 1 (ACNT1), filamin A (FLNA), and tubulin beta 1 class VI (TUBB1), which are known as fundamental cellular skeleton proteins, on the development and progression of cancer via bioinformatic tools. Methods: The genome sequence and expression profiles of 594 Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients were obtained via bioinformatic tools, which provide data for The Cancer Genome Atlas. The mutation patterns of six genes were determined in detail, and for the prediction of pathogenic properties of identified changes for CRC, Polymorphism Phenotyping v2, Screening for Non-Acceptable Polymorphisms, and the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Can- cer were utilized. Apart from the mutation profile, the effects of existing mutations on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and survival were also identified. Moreover, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins network analysis was realized to further comprehend the functional relations of proteins in cellu- lar processes. Results: There have been 142 distinct point mutations, gene amplification, and deep deletions identified on DIAPH1, WAS, MYH9, ACNT1, FLNA, and TUBB1 genes. ACTN1 and FLNA low mRNA expression levels for DIAPH1 increased, and the mRNA expression level was statistically significant (p<0.05). Prognosis-wise, the effect of mRNA expression on survival in the absence of disease was meaningful for FLNA (p=0.011). Discussion and Conclusion: Bioinformatic analysis data in DIAPH1, WASP, MYH9, ACNT1, FLNA, and TUBB1 genes, which are important in CRC pathogenesis revealed in this study, will be a guide for future laboratory studies.
Emerging Nondopaminergic Medications for Parkinson’s Disease: Focusing on A2A Receptor Antagonists and GLP1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Shang Pei , Baker Matthew , Banks Samantha , Hong Sa-Ik , Choi Doo-Sup
Published: August 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by classic motor features associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and appearance of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra. Due to the complexity of PD, a definitive diagnosis in the early stages and effective management of symptoms in later stages are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Previous research has shown that colocalization of A2A receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) may induce an antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine. Clinical trials have found that the A2AR antagonist istradefylline decreases dyskinesia in PD and could be used as an adjuvant to levodopa treatment. Meanwhile, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mainly facilitates glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Preclinical experiments and clinical trials of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists show that they may be effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and sustaining cellular functions in the central nervous system of patients with PD. In this review, we summarize up-to-date findings on the usefulness of A2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in PD management. We explain the molecular mechanisms of these medications and their interactions with other neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, we discuss the efficacy and limitations of A2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in clinical practice.
Praktiken der Personenreferenz in chinesischen und deutschen Chat-Interaktionen: Die kommunikative Konstruktion von Kulturalität
Authors: Günthner Susanne
Published: August 2021

Dieser sprach- und kulturkontrastiv ausgerichtete Beitrag untersucht kommunikative Praktiken der Personenreferenz in chinesischen und deutschen Chat-Dialogen (SMS-, WeChat- und WhatsApp-Nachrichten).

Im Gegensatz zur gängigen Präferenz des Gebrauchs minimaler Referenzformen (u. a. mittels deiktischer Pronomen wie „ich“ und „du“ bzw. „wo“ [我] und „ni“ [你] sowie zero pronouns im Chinesischen) verwenden chinesische wie auch deutsche TeilnehmerInnen in diesen translokalen, computer-vermittelten Interaktionen oftmals Verwandtschaftsnamen zur Referenz auf sich selbst sowie auf ihre RezipientInnen.

Auf der Basis einer interaktional ausgerichteten Studie sollen am Beispiel von Geschwisterrollennamen (wie „Schwester“ und „Bruder“ bzw. „Jiejie“ [姐姐 ältere Schwester], „Meimei“ [妹妹 jüngere Schwester] und „Gege“ [哥哥 älterer Bruder], „Didi“[弟弟 jüngerer Bruder]) sowohl Parallelen als auch Unterschiede in der Verwendung dieser kinship terms zur Selbst- und Fremdreferenz in den chinesischen und deutschen Daten aufgezeigt werden. Hierbei wird erkenntlich, dass Praktiken der Personenreferenz eng mit sprach- und kulturspezifischen Traditionen sozialer Beziehungsformationen verwoben sind.
From couch to ultra marathon: using functional imagery training to enhance motivation
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan , Nedza Karol , May Jon , Jenkins Thomas , Stone Tom
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This study evaluates ultra-marathon runners’ use of goal-setting, self-talk, and imagery as strategies to help them through the challenge of long-distance running.

Methods

In stage one, thirty-one self-professed non-runners were recruited and received motivational interviewing (MI) in a group setting, examining their motivation to get healthy. In stage two, five months later, participants were asked if they would consider running an ultra-marathon, and fifteen (M
age=39.47, SD=5.84) agreed. At this point participants were randomly split into an MI or Functional Imagery Training (FIT) group. FIT teaches participants how to master goal centred imagery by controlling attention and elaboration. Groups received similar contact hours and completed four measures that assess grit, resilience, self-efficacy, and imagery ability at baseline and after the race.

Results

We found no significant differences between measures for finishers and non-finishers or between groups or over time. However, the likelihood of completing the ultra-marathon was five times as likely in the FIT group, than in MI (RR=5.25). Grit and resilience scores were strongly correlated. By receiving FIT, there was a significant association (p=0.04) to complete the ultra-marathon.

Conclusions

FIT is a relatively cost-effective method to increase exercise adherence through multi-sensory elaboration of goal setting and overcoming barriers or challenges.
Ecological Dyeing Technology of Polyester Fabric Using Glycerol
Authors: Eyupoglu Seyda , Merdan Nigar
Published: August 2021

Textile industry struggles with hazardous industrial effluents, water, and energy consumption for sustainability. In the present study, nontoxic glycerol was used as a dispersing agent with water in order to reduce the chemical consumption and eliminate the use of more water in polyester (polyethylene terephthalate [PET]) dyeing. Glycerol was added to dyeing bath at different concentrations, and disperse dyes were dispersed with using microwave radiation. PET fabric samples were dyed with glycerol using microwave radiation, and dyeing properties were compared with carrier dyeing method. After the dyeing process, spectrophotometric analysis, light, rubbing, and washing fastness of samples were analyzed. The experimental results show that glycerol is an ecological and organic substitution to carrier in PET dyeing. As a result, negative environmental impacts of the traditional PET dyeing method can be reduced using glycerol. Compared with traditional dyeing methods, dyeing with glycerol is a promising alternative for sustainability of the textile industry. Moreover, microwave radiation led to an increase in dye uptake, dyeing rate acceleration, energy, and time saving.
Modeling Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy Caused by Loss of Function ofkif2ain Zebrafish
Authors: Partoens Michèle , De Meulemeester Ann-Sofie , Giong Hoi-Khoanh , Pham Duc-Hung , Lee Jeong-Soo , de Witte Peter A. , Siekierska Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

In recent years there has been extensive research on malformations of cortical development (MCDs) that result in clinical features like developmental delay, intellectual disability, and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Various studies highlighted the contribution of microtubule-associated genes (including tubulin and kinesin encoding genes) in MCD development. It has been reported thatde novomutations inKIF2A, a member of thekinesin-13family, are linked to brain malformations and DRE. Although it is known that KIF2A functions by regulating microtubule depolymerization via an ATP-driven process,in vivoimplications ofKIF2Aloss of function remain partly unclear. Here, we present a novelkif2aknock-out zebrafish model, showing hypoactivity, habituation deficits, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure susceptibility and microcephaly, as well as neuronal cell proliferation defects and increased apoptosis. Interestingly,kif2a−/−larvae survived until adulthood and were fertile. Notably, ourkif2azebrafish knock-out model demonstrated many phenotypic similarities toKIF2Amouse models. This study provides valuable insights into the functional importance ofkif2ain zebrafish and phenotypical hallmarks related toKIF2Amutations. Ultimately, this model could be used in a future search for more effective therapies that alleviate the clinical symptoms typically associated with MCDs.
Molecular diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese and non-obese women by targeted plasma miRNA profiling
Authors: Romero-Ruiz Antonio , Pineda Beatriz , Ovelleiro David , Perdices-Lopez Cecilia , Torres Encarnación , Vazquez María J , Guler Ipek , Jiménez Álvaro , Pineda Rafael , Persano Mariasara , Romero-Baldonado Cristina , Arjona José E , Lorente Juan , Muñoz Concepción , Paz Elier , Garcia-Maceira Fe-Isabel , Arjona-Sánchez Álvaro , Tena-Sempere Manuel
Published: August 2021

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed based on the clinical signs, but its presentation is heterogeneous and potentially confounded by concurrent conditions, such as obesity and insulin resistance. miRNA have recently emerged as putative pathophysiological and diagnostic factors in PCOS. However, no reliable miRNA-based method for molecular diagnosis of PCOS has been reported. The aim of this study was to develop a tool for accurate diagnosis of PCOS by targeted miRNA profiling of plasma samples, defined on the basis of unbiased biomarker-finding analyses and biostatistical tools.

Methods

A case–control PCOS cohort was cross-sectionally studied, including 170 women classified into four groups: non-PCOS/lean, non-PCOS/obese, PCOS/lean, and PCOS/obese women. High-throughput miRNA analyses were performed in plasma, using NanoString technology and a 800 human miRNA panel, followed by targeted quantitative real-timePCR validation. Statistics were applied to define optimal normalization methods, identify deregulated biomarker miRNAs, and build classification algorithms, considering PCOS and obesity as major categories.

Results

The geometric mean of circulating hsa-miR-103a-3p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, and hsa-miR-1976, selected among 125 unchanged miRNAs, was defined as optimal reference for internal normalization (named mR3-method). Ten miRNAs were identified and validated after mR3-normalization as differentially expressed across the groups. Multinomial least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and decision-tree models were built to reliably discriminate PCOS vs non-PCOS, either in obese or non-obese women, using subsets of these miRNAs as performers.

Conclusions

We define herein a robust method for molecular classification of PCOS based on unbiased identification of miRNA biomarkers and decision-tree protocols. This method allows not only reliable diagnosis of non-obese women with PCOS but also discrimination between PCOS and obesity.

Capsule

We define a novel protocol, based on plasma miRNA profiling, for molecular diagnosis of PCOS. This tool not only allows proper discrimination of the condition in non-obese women but also permits distinction between PCOS and obesity, which often display overlapping clinical presentations.
Fabrication of magnetic lignin-based adsorbent for removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Cao Chao , Shao Lupeng , Lucia Lucian A. , Liu Yu
Published: August 2021

Magnetic lignin-based adsorbent (MLA) was successfully fabricated to remove methyl orange dye from aqueous solution. The synthesized MLA was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In the process of adsorption, influence factors and recycling performance were considered, and the adsorption mechanisms such as isotherm and kinetics were investigated. The result showed that the equilibrium data was consisted with the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 85.0 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Based the adsorption performance, MLA showed good recyclability. Therefore, these results demonstrate that MLA could offer a great potential as an efficient and reusable adsorbent in the wastewater treatments.
Carbon-supported nickel catalyst prepared from steam-exploded poplar by recovering Ni(II)
Authors: Yang Guangying , Pan Cheng , Yang Haitao , Feng Nianjie
Published: August 2021

Poplar pretreated by steam explosion was used as an adsorbent to simulate the adsorption process of nickel ion in wastewater. The result of kinetics suggested that the pseudo-second-order model was well suited to describing the adsorption of nickel ion. Through controlled adsorption, steam-exploded poplar was recycled after Ni2+ adsorption and then reduced to carbon-supported nickel catalyst (NiC700). Spectrum analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and electrochemical tests were applied to study the properties of the NiC700 relative to the control carbonized materials having no Ni (C700). The FTIR analysis revealed that there were chemical interactions and ion changes between OH, C–H, C=O, and heavy metal ions in the bio-adsorption process of nickel. The surface area of NiC700 was 1480 m2/g. The presence of Ni nanoparticles in NiC700 after reduction was confirmed by the XRD and XPS analyses. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photocurrent (IT), and Mott Schottky curve results revealed that the conduction band potential of NiC700 (ECB, NiC700) was -0.10 eV vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) as an n-type semiconductor, and the Ni-doped carbon fiber exhibited certain electrophotocatalytic activity due to the nickel modification.
Mechanism of lignin degradation via white rot fungi explored using spectral analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Jin Libo , Zeng Guoming , Chen Haojie , Wang Lei , Ji Hao , Lin Sue , Peng Renyi , Sun Da
Published: August 2021

The mechanism of lignin degradation via white rot fungi was studied. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus were used for all the experiments, i.e., measuring the concentration and structure of alkali lignins and studying the effect of the substrate concentration and enzyme activity on the removal. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on the reaction liquid of the lignin degradation enzyme system. Alkali lignin had a characteristic absorption spectrum with a peak at approximately 280 nm. Precipitation in the laccase (Lac) degradation system occurred earlier, as well as being more obvious than that in the manganese peroxidase (Mnp) degradation system. The maximum removal was 29.4% in the Mnp degradation system at a concentration of 40 mg/L. The removal increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the Lac degradation system. The increase in Mnp and Lac enzyme activity led to an increased alkali lignin removal. The removal of the control group was significantly lower than the experimental degradation systems. The degradation mainly produced organic acids, esters, and aromatic substances. In conclusion, white rot fungi could effectively remove alkali lignin, in which precipitation played a major role, followed by enzymolysis; the enzymolysis was associated with the alkali lignin concentration and enzyme activity.
Evaluating Michigan’s Administrative Rule Change on Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptions
Authors: Masters Nina B. , Zelner Jon , Delamater Paul L. , Hutton David , Kay Matthew , Eisenberg Marisa C. , Boulton Matthew L.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Vaccine hesitancy is a growing threat to health in the United States. Facing the fourth highest vaccine exemption rate in the United States in 2014, Michigan changed its state Administrative Rules, effective January 1, 2015, requiring parents to attend an in-person vaccine education session at their local health department before obtaining a nonmedical exemption (NME). In this article, we evaluate the longer-term impact of this policy change on the rate, spatial distribution, and sociodemographic predictors of NMEs in Michigan.

METHODS

Using school-level kindergarten vaccination data from Michigan from 2011 to 2018, we evaluated sociodemographic predictors of NMEs before and after this Administrative Rule change using Bayesian binomial regression. We measured the persistence and location of school district–level geographic clustering using local indicators of spatial association.

RESULTS

Immediately after the rule change, rates of NMEs fell by 32%. However, NME rates rebounded in subsequent years, increasing by 26% by 2018, although income disparities in NME rates decreased after the rule change. Philosophical, religious, and medical vaccine exemptions exhibited distinct geographic patterns across the state, which largely persisted after 2015, illustrating that NME clusters remain a concern despite this rule change.

CONCLUSIONS

Although Michigan’s Administrative Rule change caused a short-term decline in NME rates, NME rates have risen dramatically in the following 4 years since the policy was implemented. Michigan’s administrative effort to require parental education at the local health department before receiving an exemption did not cause a sustained reduction in the rate or spatial distribution of NMEs.
O uso de prompts para instigar Vygotsky’s inner speech ajuda na solução de problemas matemáticos em TICs?
Authors: Guilherme Alexandre Anselmo , De Souza Luiz Felipe Lopes , Becker Caroline
Published: August 2021

Seguindo nosso recente estudo “Vygotsky’s inner speech ajuda na solução de problemas matemáticos em TICs?” e os estudos de Berk que apresentam bons resultados sobre a correlação da teoria de inner speech de Vygotsky e a resolução de problemas matemáticos, iniciou-se esta pesquisa (2ª fase do projeto) que visa verificar se há a possibilidade de obter melhores resultados na resolução de problemas matemáticos quando o diálogo interno é induzido por meio do uso de prompts. Fazendo uso de uma metodologia similar a de Behrend, foi observado e feito o registro audiovisual de 15% dos estudantes do curso de matemática da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (n = 11) ao resolverem dois problemas de construção na plataforma digital GeoGebra. Os participantes foram informados quanto à importância do inner speech e constantemente relembrados, via prompts, da sua existência durante as resoluções. Nossa análise dos indicadores do inner speech com relação ao desempenho na resolução dos problemas apresenta valor-p de 0,0177 (p < 0,05) utilizando o teste t de Student do SPSS, assim como indícios suficientes para rejeitar nossa hipótese nula (o uso de prompts para instigar o uso de Vygotsky’s inner speech não ajuda na resolução de problemas matemáticos em TICs).
Size control of shape switchable micronetworks by fast two-step microfluidic templating
Authors: Friess Fabian , Lendlein Andreas , Wischke Christian
Published: August 2021

Shape-memory polymer micronetworks (MN) are micrometer-sized objects that can switch their outer shape upon external command. This study aims to scale MN sizes to the low micrometer range at very narrow size distributions. In a two-step microfluidic strategy, the specific design of coaxial class capillary devices allowed stabilizing the thread of the dispersed phase to efficiently produce precursor particles in the tip-streaming regime at rates up to ~ 170 kHz and final sizes down to 4 µm. In a subsequent melt-based microfluidic photocrosslinking of the methacrylate-functionalized oligo(ɛ-caprolactone) precursor material, MN could be produced without particle aggregation. A comprehensive analysis of MN properties illustrated successful crosslinking, semi-crystalline morphology, and a shape-switching functionality for all investigated MN sizes (4, 6, 9, 12, 22 µm). Such functional micronetworks tailored to and below the dimension of cells can enable future applications in technology and medicine like controlling cell interaction.

Graphic abstract
Radiation damage effects on helium diffusion in zircon
Authors: Diver A. , Dicks O. , Elena A. M. , Todorov I. T. , Geisler T. , Trachenko K.
Published: August 2021

We report the effects of radiation damage on helium diffusion in zircon using data from molecular dynamics simulations. We observe an increase in activation energy for helium diffusion as a result of radiation damage and increasing structural disorder. The activation energy in a heavily damaged region is smaller than in a completely amorphous system which is correlated with remaining order in the cation sublattices of the damaged structure not present in the fully amorphized system. The increase in activation energy is related to the disappearance of fast diffusion pathways that are present in the crystal. Consistent with the change in activation energy, we observe the accumulation of helium atoms in the damaged structure and discuss the implications of this effect for the formation of helium bubbles and zircon’s performance as an encapsulation material for nuclear waste.

Graphic abstract
Editorial
Authors: Passos Mateus Yuri , Paganotti Ivan
Published: August 2021

Nesta primeira edição do ano, a revista Comuni­cação Sociedade, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação (PósCom), da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, traz mais uma seleção de artigos assinados por pesquisadores e pesquisadoras de diversas regiões, reafirmando o compromisso de CS com a pluralidade de vozes do campo da Comunicação.
Teoría y práctica de la comunicación. Validación de la Escala de Producción y Difusión Científica de la Comunicación en Educación Superior.
Authors: Leon Duarte Gustavo Adolfo , Cázarez Carlos René Contreras , Jurado Erika Carolina Meneses
Published: August 2021

Este texto analiza y examina teórica y empíricamente lo que hoy en día es materia de seria discusión en el medio académico nacional entorno a la producción, difusión y  diseminación de la investigación académica científica: ¿Las actividades de investigación básica contribuyen significativamente al avance en la formación de personal especializado? Si es así, ¿Qué función tienen los productos de difusión académica como estrategia de enseñanza en el área de estudios de la Comunicación en pre y posgrado? El objetivo fue evaluar la consistencia interna y la confiabilidad de una escala teórica que mide la producción y la difusión científica de la comunicación en el espacio de educación superior. Se utilizó un cuestionario con trece variables manifiestas en una muestra de 66 docentes del área de Ciencias de la Comunicación de pre y posgrado en una universidad pública de México. Los resultados confirman que se dispuso de un instrumento fiable con datos consistentes en la validez de la escala. La evidencia presentada concluye que existen al menos tres causas para explicar por qué la docencia y formación profesional en pre y posgrado se encuentran desvinculadas de la investigación.
O lugar da produção audiovisual publicitária brasileira no campo global: uma análise a partir do Cannes Lions Festival
Authors: Aneas Tatiana
Published: August 2021

Este artigo busca analisar o desenvolvimento do campo da produção de filmes publicitários brasileiro e suas relações com o mercado mundial da publicidade, numa perspectiva histórica. Para tanto, foram mapeadas quais agências que operam no Brasil são internacionalmente reconhecidas, utilizando como parâmetro a performance destas empresas na categoria Filmdo Cannes Lions Festival, no período entre 1971 e 2015, associando informações sobre o desenvolvimento do mercado global de propaganda. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica adotada deriva da teoria dos campos de Bourdieu (1996, 2006). Nota-se, numa análise quantitativa e qualitativa, que as produções brasileiras premiadas descrescem ao longo das décadas, ao passo em que o mercado mundial se concentra em poucos grandes conglomerados de comunicação. Além disso, nota-se que os filmes brasileiros que chegam a ser premiados se assemelham progressivamente aos padrões técnico-estilísticos da publicidade criada pelos países dominantes neste espaço - sobretudo o padrão estadunidense.
Racial Memory and Literary History
Authors: Greenblatt Stephen
Published: August 2021

The national model of literary history—with its developmental, teleological narrative of emergence and its vision of ineffable belonging and uniqueness—has lost much of its traditional pedagogical centrality, but it has not vanished. Rather, it has migrated from the center to what was once the periphery, where it now flourishes as a way of affirming the identity claims of hitherto marginalized groups. Literary historians speaking for such groups may openly acknowledge that the terms associated with the old historical narrative—evolutionary, continuous, organic, and the like—are largely fictive, yet these writers self-consciously embrace the fiction in order to appropriate its power. But this embrace entails serious risks: cynicism, enforced performativity, and repetition compulsion. A more powerful alternative lies in the emerging practice of mobility studies.
Empire Unmanned: Gender Trouble and Genoese Gold in Cervantes's “The Two Damsels”
Authors: Fuchs Barbara
Published: August 2021

This reevaluation of Cervantes's novella “The Two Damsels” argues that the generic hallmarks of romance disguise a minute engagement with pressing social and political concerns. The cross-dressed damsels' search for their truant love, significantly named Marco Antonio, evinces the fraught connection between the vagaries of masculinity in Spain and the potency of Spain's empire. Transformed from romance pageboys to epic Amazons, the damsels champion domestic commitments over imperial concerns, even as they impersonate masculinity. Yet their profound disruption of the gendered social order and the text's insistent references to the literal bankruptcy of Spain's Old World empire cannot be contained by a successful romance resolution, even if Marco Antonio is successfully diverted from his imperial excursion.
Henry James's Oblique Possession: Plottings of Desire and Mastery inThe American Scene
Authors: Buelens Gert
Published: August 2021

The focus of this paper is onThe American Scene, which is found to display a deep sensitivity to the spatiality of desire and to be motivated by a complex dynamic of erotic mastery and surrender: subjects assert their self-possession in the very act of submitting to the erotic power of another force—a force that may be human, non-human, or indeterminate. The desire for literal, physical mastery over the other is here rechanneled into an identification with the scene of desire that can dispense with the erotic object. This complex psychosexual mechanism, which I call oblique possession, thrives on a disruption of the dichotomies of sexuality and identity that queer theory has questioned. In tracing the circuits of oblique possession, the paper articulates a queer perspective on Henry James's work outside any necessary relationship between two individuals.
Collaboration and Concepts of Authorship
Authors: Ede Lisa , Lunsford Andrea A.
Published: August 2021

Cogito, ergo sum.

—Rene Descartes

I yam what I am.

—Ralph Ellison

Who am we?

—Sherry Turkle1

What does it mean to be an author? this question has been interrogated from just about every imaginable angle, as the status of the author has been problematized, deconstructed, and challenged to such an extent that discussions of the author problem now seem decidedly old-hat. Scholars now understand—in theory, at least—that the notion of author (like that of the founding or sovereign subject on which it depends) is a peculiarly modern construct, one that can be traced back through multiple and overdetermined pathways to the development of modern capitalism and of intellectual property, to Western rationalism, and to patriarchy. Foucault's assertion that “[t]he coming into being of the notion of ‘author’ constitutes the privileged moment of individualization in the history of ideas, knowledge, literature, philosophy, and the sciences” no longer surprises (141). The author, like the autonomous individual of Descartes'scogito, is, we understand with Raymond Williams, “a characteristic form of bourgeois thought” (192), one that Ralph Ellison parodies, for instance, when his protagonist, in a fleeting moment of self- and cultural integration, proclaims “I yam what I am” (260). The relentless intertextuality of Web culture, the rapid proliferation of multiple selves online, and the development of what Sherry Turkle has called “distributed selves” of postmodernity would seem to have moved us well beyond autonomous individualism (Life14).
The Modern Jew Who Has Given Up the Faith of His Fathers Can Reasonably and Consistently Believe in Isolation
Authors: Stein Gertrude , Feinstein Amy
Published: August 2021

Gertrude stein wrote the twenty-five-page manuscript “the modern jew who has given up the faith of his fathers can reasonably and consistently believe in isolation” for a composition class at Radcliffe College in 1896, when she was twenty-two years old. The essay is distinctly occasional and reads like an early work. It is, nonetheless, one of the few known pieces in which Stein treats directly the question of Jewish identity and the only one to link that question to a specifically political description of the public sphere. The manuscript thus sheds a remarkable light on a number of the most contested questions in studies of Stein's life and works—the problem of her later protofascist political allegiances, of her sense of her exiled Americanness, and of her treatment of writing as an asemantic medium for sketching mobile identities.
Thieves, Boxers, Sodomites, Poets: Being Flash to Byron's Don Juan
Authors: Dyer Gary
Published: August 2021

“Flash,” the slang of the criminal and boxing subcultures, illuminates Byron's Don Juan more than critics have recognized. This slang was devised to hide meanings from most listeners, and the flash language in the scene in which robbers attack Juan exemplifies discursive encryption in general. Such encryption is not always evidence that the speakers need to conceal their meaning, but it reminds us that in Byron's Britain many groups of people needed to communicate in secret, most often because of illegal activity, including illegal sexuality. The poet's most dangerous secret was sodomy, a capital crime, and the form of flash he had needed most was the coded language on which sodomites had to rely. The robbery scene bestows darker connotations on the polyglossia that runs throughout Don Juan: such diversity can reflect not just emancipation but also constraint.
Early Modern Collaboration and Theories of Authorship
Authors: Hirschfeld Heather
Published: August 2021

About halfway through the 1998 filmshakespeare in love, a group of players and hired extras, under the critical eye of the theater owner Philip Henslowe, begins rehearsing a new play at the Rose. While Henslowe observes the process with a simultaneously proprietary and befuddled air, his financial backer, the apothecary Fennyman, comes to ask him about the play's progress. Suddenly Fennyman notices a tall, handsome figure bustling about, shouting both instructions and thanks. “Who is that?” the skeptical Fennyman asks. The movie audience knows that it is Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard's version of Will Shakespeare, assembling the cast for his play. “Nobody,” replies Henslowe. “The author” (Norman and Stoppard 49-50).
Investigation of pediatric poisoning in Aksaray
Authors: ÖZDEMİR KAÇER Emine , KAÇER İlker , ÇAĞLAR Hanife Tuğçe
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Pediatric poisoning is a common cause of emergency department admissions. The epidemiology of pediatric poisonings can vary in different countries, even different regions of the same country. It is important to determine the regional factors to decrease morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features, clinical signs, and risk factors of pediatric poisonings.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital and medical records between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, laboratory results and treatments were recorded.
Results: 835 patients aged 4 months-18 years including 450 females (53.9%) were included in the study. Poisonings were most common in summer (n = 280, 33.5%) and in the daytime (n = 490, 58.7%). The mean age of suicidal poisoning was significantly higher then accidental poisonings (p < 0.001). Pharmaceutical agents were statistically significantly higher in patients poisoned due to suicidal attempts (p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was not a statistically significant difference between accidental and suicidal poisoning in terms of clinical presentation, length of stay in hospital, and, ICU requirement (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Childhood poisoning is one of the important emergencies that need attention. Pediatric emergency physicians should always keep in mind the possibility of poisoning, even with the lack of medical history. It could be estimated the possible ingested agents according to the age group, and this allows physicians to avoid delay in treatment of these patients.
A Rare Cause of Hypoxemia: Hereditary Methemoglobinemia
Authors: ERGÜN Dilek , NARİN Ecem , ERGÜN Recai , KANAT Fikret , GÖKSEL Büşra
Published: August 2021

Hereditary methemoglobinemia is one of the rare causes of hypoxemia. Mutations in the CYB5R3 gene cause autosomal recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia. Mostly, symptoms such as shortness of breath, bruise and and fatique occur. It may not display any symptoms until adult ages. Our case was at the age of 18 and had sometimes recurring bruise in hands and lips, shortness of breath, palpitations and oxygen saturation (SaO2) was 85%. Methemoglobin (Methb) level was %20 (N;0-1.5) No cardiac or pulmonary cause could be detected, which could account for dyspnea and cyanosis, and due to low saturation and high Methb. levels, metheglobinemia was considered and high dose IV ascorbic acid was administered. In follow up period, saturation increased and Methb. level gradually decreased and with genetic tests, homozygous missense c.136C> T (p.R46W) mutation was detected with CYB5R3 gene sequence analysis. Patient was diagnosed with autosomal recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia type 1. This case is presented ın order to emphasize that hereditary methemoglobinemia should be kept in mind when shortness of breath, hypoxia and cyanosis, occur together and can not be attributed to pulmonary and cardiovascular causes.
Futsal in children and adolescents - a systematic review 2015-2020
Authors: Sanmiguel-Rodríguez Alberto , Arufe Giráldez Victor
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Futsal is a sport that is practiced almost everywhere in the world and that has been gaining in number of followers throughout the years. The objective of this work has been to carry out a review of the scientific literature from 2015 to 2020 that addresses the field of Futsal, selecting only articles related to children, adolescents and young people for content analysis. Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out from 2015 to 2020, searching with the terms of the UNESCO Thesaurus: "futsal", "children", "adolescents" and "young people" in Scopus, Web of Science and Dialnet, allowing the selection of original articles (experimental, descriptive, quasi-experimental and / or case studies), which included information from this line. Results: A total of 519 articles were found, although after applying the inclusion criteria of the review they were reduced to 68 articles. These publications were divided into four main categories: 1) Physical condition, body composition, diet and nutrition in schoolchildren who practice Futsal, 2) Motor skills in schoolchildren who practice Futsal, 3) Motivations for practicing Futsal and 4) Other topics investigated; doing a discussion about each of these categories. Conclusions: This systematic review makes it possible to quickly and easily observe the analysis of research on futsal in young people and as a school sport, as well as to identify the most relevant scientific questions at the present time.
Functional movement screen proficiency of adolescent female volleyball players
Authors: Kovac Dimitrije , Krkeljas Zarko , Spasovski Dusko , Grbic Vladimir , Miceta Lazar
Published: August 2021

Assessments and testing of young athletes often exclude the fundamental and functional movement capacity, which are critical for healthy motor development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional capacity of young female volleyball players and determine if participation in volleyball leads to development of movement dysfunctions. Two-hundred fifty-eight (258) adolescent female volleyball players (14.3 ± 1.7 yrs) underwent the functional movement screen. Person correlation showed no significant relationship between functional tests and playing experience, while age showed significant, but weak relationship with total functional score (r = 0.189; p < 0.005). Overall, 44% of participants scored less than 14. Paired sample t-tests show significant bilateral asymmetries in hurdle step, in-line lunge, and shoulder mobility tests. Functional movement screen was useful in identifying functional limitations and asymmetries in young female athletes. However, as neither age nor playing experience were strongly associated with functional score, more attention should be given to the qualitative movement assessment of individual tests, rather than the composite score.
Los biofilms orales y sus consecuencias en la caries dental y enfermedad periodontal
Authors: Morón Michelle
Published: August 2021

Introducción: La cavidad oral es la puerta de entrada al bienestar corporal total, por lo que el microbioma oral influye en la salud general de un individuo. La presencia de microorganismos poseen un desarrollo continuo, las bacterias orales evolucionaron para formar biofilms en las superficies duras de los dientes y en los tejidos blandos que a menudo contienen múltiples especies bacterianas produciendo patologías orales como  la caries dental y enfermedad periodontal.La prevención se logra con la higiene bucal diaria,fluor,arginina y probióticos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos en idioma inglés y español en bases de datos científicas utilizando palabras combinadas de las palabras claves: bioflm oral, biofilm oral caries y periodontitis, biofilms periodontitis y caries dental. Conclusiones: El biofilm oral cuando no es controlado va a desarrollar un desequilibrio en la mircobiota oral desarrollando caries dental y enfermedad periodontal.