bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 7 from Antibody–Drug Conjugate αEGFR-E-P125A Reduces Triple-negative Breast Cancer Vasculogenic Mimicry, Motility, and Metastasis through Inhibition of EGFR, Integrin, and FAK/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Sankar Ankita P. , Cho Hyun-Mi , Shin Seung-Uon , Sneh Tal , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Elledge Christian , Zhang Yu , Das Rathin , Gil-Henn Hava , Rosenblatt Joseph D.
Published: March 2024

αEGFR-EP125A reduces primary tumor growth and tumor cell infiltration in vivo. A, Schematic for in vivo workflow in NSG mice. MDA-MB-231-4175 TNBC cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad on day 0 and by day 2 tumors had engrafted and mice were randomized and split into four treatment groups: PBS, E-P125A, cetuximab or αEGFR-E-P125A (n = 7 mice per group). Mice were treated intravenously with respective treatments 2x a week. By day 26, mice were sacrificed, and tumors and lungs were resected for downstream analysis. B, Tumor growth curve demonstrates that mice treated with αEGFR-E-P125A had reduced primary tumor growth compared with mice treated with controls. C, Quantification of primary tumor growth at the final day 26 demonstrated that tumors treated with αEGFR-E-P125A were significantly smaller compared with the controls. D, Tumor sizes of five representative tumors from each treatment group (n = 5 for PBS due to death of 2 mice, and n = 7 for E-P125A, cetuximab, and αEGFR-E-P125A groups). E, Tumor weight of tumors demonstrated that tumor from mice treated with αEGFR-E-P125A were significantly smaller than the PBS-treated tumors, unlike the controls. F, Western blot run on protein extracted from three representative tumor samples demonstrated enhanced downregulation of EGFR Y1069, FAK Y397, and STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation in mice treated with αEGFR-E-P125A compared with the controls. G, NanoString validated gene expression changes associated with IL6 JAK STAT3 and Angiogenesis signaling in RNA isolated from in vivo tumors (n = 3 tumors per group). H, Cytokeratin staining of lungs depicts decreased tumor cell infiltration to the lungs at 20x magnification (n = 3 tumors per group). I, mCD31 staining and huLaminin costaining outlines angiogenic mouse vessels and human VM channels and their respective colocalization within tumors at 20x magnification (n = 3 tumors per group). ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001.
FIGURE 6 from Antibody–Drug Conjugate αEGFR-E-P125A Reduces Triple-negative Breast Cancer Vasculogenic Mimicry, Motility, and Metastasis through Inhibition of EGFR, Integrin, and FAK/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Sankar Ankita P. , Cho Hyun-Mi , Shin Seung-Uon , Sneh Tal , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Elledge Christian , Zhang Yu , Das Rathin , Gil-Henn Hava , Rosenblatt Joseph D.
Published: March 2024

α5β1 integrin/FAK signaling regulates VM and tumor cell motility. A, siITGA5 knockdown in MDA-MB-231-4175 cells demonstrates total inhibition of VM tube formation after 16 hours at 4x magnification. B, Number of VM meshes significantly decreased upon ITGA5 knockdown. C, Western blot validation of siRNA knockdown of ITGA5. Knockdown of ITGA5 subsequently reduces phosphorylation of FAK Y397. D, Cell motility tracking demonstrated that ITGA5 knockdown cells had reduced motility and migratory capabilities. E, Quantification of motility analysis of ITGA5 knockdown cells demonstrated a reduction in the accumulated and Euclidean distances and decreased velocity. F, siFAK knockdown in MDA-MB-231-4175 cells demonstrates total inhibition of VM tube formation after 16 hours at 4x magnification. G, Number of VM meshes significantly decreased upon FAK knockdown. H, Western blot validation of siRNA knockdown of FAK. I, Cell motility tracking demonstrated that FAK knockdown cells had reduced motility and migratory capabilities. J, Quantification of motility analysis of FAK knockdown cells demonstrated a reduction in the accumulated and Euclidean distances and decreased velocity. K, Incucyte scratch wound migration assay of MDA-MB-231-4175 cells over 16 hours at 10x magnification. Wound closure was partially inhibited in cells treated with a combination of cetuximab of and E-P125A. Wound closure was maximally inhibited in cells treated with either the FAKi, PF-573228, or αE-E-P125A. L, Compared to the other controls, the remaining wound width after 16 hours of treatment remained the widest in the FAKi or αEGFR-E-P125A–treated cells. M, FAKi and αEGFR-E-P125A treatment had the least changed wound confluence over time. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
FIGURE 5 from Antibody–Drug Conjugate αEGFR-E-P125A Reduces Triple-negative Breast Cancer Vasculogenic Mimicry, Motility, and Metastasis through Inhibition of EGFR, Integrin, and FAK/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Sankar Ankita P. , Cho Hyun-Mi , Shin Seung-Uon , Sneh Tal , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Elledge Christian , Zhang Yu , Das Rathin , Gil-Henn Hava , Rosenblatt Joseph D.
Published: March 2024

Inhibition of EGFR signaling is not critical for inhibition of VM by αEGFR-E-P125A. A, αEGFR-E-P125A treatment inhibits VM tube formation in a dose-dependent manner compared with cetuximab and E-P125A controls. B, Quantification of meshes by Image J Angiogenesis Analyzer plugin demonstrates that compared with controls, αEGFR-E-P125A treatment significantly reduced mesh (tube) formation in MDA-MB-231-4175 cell plated on matrigel. C, Increasing doses of cetuximab treatment does not inhibit VM tube formation. D, Western blot analysis demonstrating reduction of EGFR Y1069 phosphorylation upon increasing doses of cetuximab treatment. E, Quantification of meshes by Image J Angiogenesis Analyzer plugin demonstrates that increasing doses of cetuximab do not inhibit VM tube formation. F, siRNA knockdown of EGFR was conducted on MDA-MB-231-4175 cells and a VM tube formation assay was conducted to determine whether knockdown of EGFR inhibited VM tube formation. G, Quantification of meshes demonstrates that number of meshes remained the same upon EGFR knockdown. H, Western blot analysis validating efficiency of EGFR siRNA knockdown. I, Increasing doses of E-P125A results in the formation of fewer VM tubes. J, Quantification of meshes demonstrates that increasing concentrations of E-P125A reduces number of complete meshes. K, Western blot analysis demonstrating reduction of FAK Y397 phosphorylation upon increasing concentrations of E-P125A treatment. VM tube formation assays were imaged at 5x magnification. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
FIGURE 1 from Antibody–Drug Conjugate αEGFR-E-P125A Reduces Triple-negative Breast Cancer Vasculogenic Mimicry, Motility, and Metastasis through Inhibition of EGFR, Integrin, and FAK/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Sankar Ankita P. , Cho Hyun-Mi , Shin Seung-Uon , Sneh Tal , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Elledge Christian , Zhang Yu , Das Rathin , Gil-Henn Hava , Rosenblatt Joseph D.
Published: March 2024

Elucidating the molecular signaling mechanisms of αEGFR-E-P125A inhibition. A, MDA-MB-231-4175 cells plated in a monolayer (2D), on matrigel (3D), or on matrigel and treated with αEGFR-E-P125A (3D αEGFR-E-P125A). B, Volcano plot depicts 455 total DEGs between 2D and 3D conditions. A total of 153 genes were upregulated while 302 genes were downregulated upon the 2D to 3D transition (left). Heat map depicts the top 100 DEGs between 2D and 3D conditions based on z-score. C, Volcano plot depicts 52 DEGs between 3D and αEGFR-E-P125A conditions. Twenty-nine genes were upregulated while 23 genes were downregulated upon the 3D to αEGFR-E-P125A transition. Heat map depicts all the DEGs from 3D to αEGFR-E-P125A–treated transition based on z-score (right). D, Venn diagram representing the 26 genes from the each of the differentially expressed lists which were identified as being inversely dysregulated upon the induction of VM by matrigel and the inhibition of VM by αEGFR-E-P125A treatment. E, Heat map depicting the log2FC of the 26 inversely dysregulated genes from 2D to 3D and from 3D to αEGFR-E-P125A treatment transitions. F, GSEA using the Hallmarks gene set depicts inversely related pathways which were upregulated from 2D to 3D and downregulated upon the 3D to αEGFR-E-P125A treatment transition. G, On the basis of the pathways which were identified as being upregulated from 2D to 3D and inversely downregulated from 3D to αEGFR-E-P125A treatment conditions, the top downregulated pathways identified were the IL6-JAK-STAT3 and the angiogenesis signaling pathways.
Spectral Flow Cytometry Methods and Pipelines for Comprehensive Immunoprofiling of Human Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow
Authors: Spasic Milos , Ogayo Esther R. , Parsons Adrienne M. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , van Galen Peter , McAllister Sandra S.
Published: March 2024

Profiling hematopoietic and immune cells provides important information about disease risk, disease status, and therapeutic responses. Spectral flow cytometry enables high-dimensional single-cell evaluation of large cohorts in a high-throughput manner. Here, we designed, optimized, and implemented new methods for deep immunophenotyping of human peripheral blood and bone marrow by spectral flow cytometry. Two blood antibody panels capture 48 cell-surface markers to assess more than 58 cell phenotypes, including subsets of T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells, and their respective markers of exhaustion, activation, and differentiation in less than 2 mL of blood. A bone marrow antibody panel captures 32 markers for 35 cell phenotypes, including stem/progenitor populations, T-cell subsets, dendritic cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells in a single tube. We adapted and developed innovative flow cytometric analysis algorithms, originally developed for single-cell genomics, to improve data integration and visualization. We also highlight technical considerations for users to ensure data fidelity. Our protocol and analysis pipeline accurately identifies rare cell types, discerns differences in cell abundance and phenotype across donors, and shows concordant immune landscape trends in patients with known hematologic malignancy.

Significance:

This study introduces optimized methods and analysis algorithms that enhance capabilities in comprehensive immunophenotyping of human blood and bone marrow using spectral flow cytometry. This approach facilitates detection of rare cell types, enables measurement of cell variations across donors, and provides proof-of-concept in identifying known hematologic malignancies. By unlocking complexities of hematopoietic and immune landscapes at the single-cell level, this advancement holds potential for understanding disease states and therapeutic responses.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Government Policy to Incentivise Chronic Disease Management following Stroke: A Modelling Study
Authors: Orman Zhomart , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Andrew Nadine E. , Kilkenny Monique F. , Olaiya Muideen T. , Thrift Amanda G. , Ung David , Dalli Lachlan L. , Churilov Leonid , Sundararajan Vijaya , Lannin Natasha A. , Nelson Mark R. , Srikanth Velandai , Kim Joosup
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of government policies that support primary care physicians to provide comprehensive chronic disease management (CDM). This paper aimed to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of CDM policies over a lifetime for long-time survivors of stroke. Methods: A Markov model, using three health states (stable, hospitalised, dead), was developed to simulate the costs and benefits of CDM policies over 30 years (with 1-year cycles). Transition probabilities and costs from a health system perspective were obtained from the linkage of data between the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (cohort n = 12,368, 42% female, median age 70 years, 45% had CDM claims) and government-held hospital, Medicare, and pharmaceutical claims datasets. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were obtained from a comparable cohort (n = 512, 34% female, median age 69.6 years, 52% had CDM claims) linked with Medicare claims and death data. A 3% discount rate was applied to costs in Australian dollars (AUD, 2016) and QALYs beyond 12 months. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to understand uncertainty. Results: Per-person average total lifetime costs were AUD 142,939 and 8.97 QALYs for those with a claim, and AUD 103,889 and 8.98 QALYs for those without a claim. This indicates that these CDM policies were costlier without improving QALYs. The probability of cost-effectiveness of CDM policies was 26.1%, at a willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD 50,000/QALY. Conclusion: CDM policies, designed to encourage comprehensive care, are unlikely to be cost-effective for stroke compared to care without CDM. Further research to understand how to deliver such care cost-effectively is needed.
Deletion, but Not Heterozygosity, of eNOS Raises Blood Pressure and Aggravates Nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob Mice
Authors: Kanoo Sadhana , Goodluck Helen , Kim Young Chul , Garrido Aleix Navarro , Crespo-Masip Maria , Lopez Natalia , Zhang Haiyan , Gonzalez-Villalobos Romer A. , Ma Li-Jun , Vallon Volker
Published: March 2024

Introduction: ob/ob mice are a leptin-deficient type 2 diabetes mellitus model, which, on a BTBR background, mimics the glomerular pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since leptin deficiency reduces blood pressure (BP) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) lowers BP and is kidney protective, we attempted to develop a more robust DN model by introducing eNOS deficiency in BTBR ob/ob mice. Methods: Six experimental groups included littermate male and female BTBR ob/ob or wild-type for ob (control) as well as wild-type (WT), heterozygote (HET), or knockout (KO) for eNOS. Systolic BP (by automated tail-cuff) and GFR (by FITC-sinistrin plasma kinetics) were determined in awake mice at 27–30 weeks of age, followed by molecular and histological kidney analyses. Results: Male and female ob/ob WT presented hyperglycemia and larger body and kidney weight, GFR, glomerular injury, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) despite modestly lower BP versus control WT. These effects were associated with a higher tubular injury score and renal mRNA expression of NGAL only in males, whereas female ob/ob WT unexpectedly had lower KIM-1 and COL1A1 expression versus control WT, indicating sex differences. HET for eNOS did not consistently alter BP or renal outcome in control or ob/ob. In comparison, eNOS KO increased BP (15–25 mm Hg) and worsened renal markers of injury, inflammation and fibrosis, GFR, UACR, and survival rates, as observed in control and, more pronouncedly, in ob/ob mice and independent of sex. Conclusions: Deletion, but not heterozygosity, of eNOS raises blood pressure and aggravates nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice.
Associations of Osteoarthritis with Prevalence and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease over 10 Years in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study
Authors: Zeng Mengjie , Cicuttini Flavia , Lim Yuan Z. , Samaras Katherine , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder S. , Crawford John D. , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The data are limited for the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in community-based older populations and whether there is sex difference. This study aimed to examine the relationship between OA and prevalence and incidence of CVD over 10 years in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data on self-reported OA, high cholesterol, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes were collected from 1,025 community-dwelling participants aged 70–90 years in the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. The presence of CVD at baseline was defined as self-reported presence of stroke, heart attack, transient ischaemic attack, angina, aortic aneurysm, or claudication. The incidence of CVD was defined by a combination of incident self-reported CVD or CVD mortality at different follow-up timepoints over 10 years. Results: At baseline, 395 (38.5%) participants self-reported OA (252 [44.6%] women, 143 [31.1%] men). Self-reported OA was associated with increased prevalence of CVD in women (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12–2.47) but not men (1.26, 0.80–1.98). In the total population, self-reported OA at baseline was associated with increased incidence of CVD at 4 years (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.10–2.83), 6 years (1.59, 1.03–2.46), 8 years (1.56, 1.02–2.38), and 10 years (1.66, 1.10–2.50), but not at 2 years (1.43, 0.79–2.57). Significant associations were observed in female participants at 4, 8, and 10 years, with no significant associations seen in male participants. Conclusion: OA was associated with increased prevalence at baseline and incidence of CVD over 10 years in community-based older adults, especially women. Identifying those with OA to target their cardiovascular risk factors while managing their OA has the potential to reduce the burden of CVD in older people, particularly women.
Benchmarks for Pirá 2.0, a Reading Comprehension Dataset about the Ocean, the Brazilian Coast, and Climate Change
Authors: Pirozelli Paulo , José Marcos M. , Silveira Igor , Nakasato Flávio , Peres Sarajane M. , Brandão Anarosa A. F. , Costa Anna H. R. , Cozman Fabio G.
Published: March 2024

Pirá is a reading comprehension dataset focused on the ocean, the Brazilian coast, and climate change, built from a collection of scientific abstracts and reports on these topics. This dataset represents a versatile language resource, particularly useful for testing the ability of current machine learning models to acquire expert scientific knowledge. Despite its potential, a detailed set of baselines has not yet been developed for Pirá. By creating these baselines, researchers can more easily utilize Pirá as a resource for testing machine learning models across a wide range of question answering tasks. In this paper, we define six benchmarks over the Pirá dataset, covering closed generative question answering, machine reading comprehension, information retrieval, open question answering, answer triggering, and multiple choice question answering. As part of this effort, we have also produced a curated version of the original dataset, where we fixed a number of grammar issues, repetitions, and other shortcomings. Furthermore, the dataset has been extended in several new directions, so as to face the aforementioned benchmarks: translation of supporting texts from English into Portuguese, classification labels for answerability, automatic paraphrases of questions and answers, and multiple choice candidates. The results described in this paper provide several points of reference for researchers interested in exploring the challenges provided by the Pirá dataset.
Reining in Rebellion: The Decline of Political Violence in South America, 1830–1929
Authors: Madrid Raúl L. , Schenoni Luis L.
Published: March 2024

During the nineteenth century, South America was plagued by internal rebellions that destabilized the region's economies and political systems. At the beginning of the twentieth century, however, levels of political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation, in part because comprehensive data on revolts have been lacking. Historical narratives and an analysis of a comprehensive new dataset on all revolts in South America from 1830 to 1929 show that the decline in revolts stemmed in large part from the expansion and professionalization of the region's militaries, which were driven by the export boom and the threat of interstate conflict. Nevertheless, not all types of rebellions declined precipitously during this period, as an original typology of revolts shows. Although the strengthening of the region's armed forces discouraged revolts by non-state actors, it did not significantly reduce rebellions from within the state apparatus, such as military coups.
Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from a Conservation Unit in Southeast Brazil
Authors: SILVA MARIANA B. A. , OSTI JOÃO A. S. , BICUDO DENISE C. , MARQUARDT GISELE C.
Published: March 2024

This study describes the new species Achnanthidium guarulhense sp. nov. from the oligo-mesotrophic Negro Lake located in a Conservation Unit in Southeast Brazil. Its morphology was analyzed through Light (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The most striking feature of the new species is its narrow linear-lanceolate axial area expanding to a linear-elliptic central area between the proximal raphe ends. This feature makes the proximal raphe ends appear more distant from each other than in other species of the genus. We also provide its ecological information and a comparison with closely related species. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of tropical diatoms and provide subsidies for monitoring studies.
First record of Oligobregma Kudenov & Blake, 1975 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil with the description of three new species
Authors: MENDES SAMUEL LUCAS DA SILVA DELGADO , PAIVA PAULO CESAR DE , RIZZO ALEXANDRA E.
Published: March 2024

Oligobregma represents the most speciose genus of Scalibregmatidae with 17 valid species. Most of them occur at great depths and are found living on soft bottoms. Here, we present the descriptions of O. nonatoi sp. nov., O. cruzae sp. nov., and O. bakkeni sp. nov., sampled from the Brazilian continental shelf and slope, and a key to all species of Oligobregma. O. nonatoi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the presence of a triangular prostomium with short rounded horns, acicular spines on notopodia of chaetigers 1–4 and on neuropodia of chaetigers 1–3. Oligobregma cruzae sp. nov. can be distinguished by the presence of a quadrangular prostomium with two short, rounded horns, acicular spines on chaetigers 1–4, and lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 5. Finally, O. bakkeni sp. nov. is unique among its congeners by the presence of acicular spines with rounded tips. This is the first record of this genus along the Brazilian coast and the specimens were collected on Espírito Santo, Campos and Santos sedimentary basins, both located in Brazilian southeast region. The sampling campaigns were carried out in scientific expeditions related to two research projects: “Santos Project – Santos Basin Environmental Characterization” and “Ambes Project – Espírito Santo Basin Assessment Project”, both coordinated by CENPES/PETROBRAS.
Taxonomic corrections on Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) described by Bertil Poppius
Authors: YAMADA KAZUTAKA
Published: March 2024

Five species of Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) described by Robert Bertil Poppius are revised based on their type materials. The following new combinations and new junior subjective synonyms are proposed: Amphiareus constrictus (Stål, 1860) = Cardiastethus laeviusculus Poppius, 1915, syn. nov.; Lippomanus longiceps (Poppius, 1915), comb. nov. (transferred from Cardiastethus) = Lippomanus brevicornis Yamada & Hirowatari, 2004, syn. nov.; Alofa sodalis (B. White, 1878) = Cardiastethus minutus Poppius, 1909, syn. nov.; Physopleurella obscura Poppius, 1909 (recognized as valid species) = P. nigrifemora Yamada & Hirowatari, 2007, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Cardiastethus laeviusculus Poppius, 1915; Cardiastethus pilosus Poppius, 1909.
Improving Students' Employability in Ho Chi Minh City Today
Authors: Tu Duong Thanh
Published: March 2024

Our country's economy is on the rise, besides the advantages, there are also many difficulties and negatives that arise, such as unemployment among students after graduating. Increasing in the current market mechanism. The more the country develops, in addition to modern technology serving production and business, one of the factors determining the country's development is the labor force, in today's market economy the workforce Workers are students trained in universities, colleges..., the country's young force is very dynamic and capable at work. Therefore, students are a very important human resource that we need to know how to use in the most reasonable and effective way. But the current unemployment situation of students after graduating has greatly affected the economic and social development of the country. So the question for managers and the country is what causes that situation? Is it because the training process at universities still lacks many aspects? or because the State's policies are not reasonable in using labor. Employment after graduation is always a pressing issue not only for students themselves but also for families, schools and society. Having a job that matches the field of training is always the dream of not only students graduating from school but even for those still sitting in university lecture halls. Starting from the importance of employment for students after graduation, the topic "Improving the ability of students to find jobs in Ho Chi Minh City today" researches, surveys and evaluates. Reality, employability of students after graduation and research on factors affecting students' job search results. With that goal, the author uses scientific research methods, typically data investigation methods, to propose solutions to practical problems related to student employment. After graduation and advise on some solutions. With the hope that those solutions will be applied in practice to improve the employability of Ho Chi Minh City students after graduation in the current period.
Evolutionary System of Magnoliaceae Based on Chloroplast Genomic and Morphological Evolutionomy
Authors: Fu Da-Li , Fu Hao , Duan Run-Mei , Qin Yue
Published: March 2024

Magnoliaceae Juss. are the most primitive taxa of Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu and have extremely important scientific values for the research of evolutionomy of fruit plants. Based on the evolutionary analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of representative plants of Magnoliaceae in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database, this paper firstly established the evolutionary systems of subgenera and sections of Magnolia L. and that of sections of Michelia L. and firstly proposed the evolutionary boundary of subgenera of Magnoliaceae Juss.. Magnoliaceae Juss. include 4 natural genera: Yulania Spach, Magnolia L., Michelia L. and Liriodendron L., which all have the same boundary: PHS (17bp) ≥ 0.9234 (intragenus) or PHS (17bp) ≤ 0.9232 (inter genera). The most primitive genus of Magnoliaceae Juss. is Yulania Spach not Magnolia L.. The genus Magnolia L. includes 7 natural subgenera and the evolutionary boundary is PHS (17bp) ≥ 0.938 (intrasubgenus) or PHS (17bp) ≤ 0.937 (inter subgenera). Magnolia subgen. Talauma (Juss.) Pierre includes 3 natural sections, Magnolia subgen. Manglietia (Blume) D.L.Fu includes 4 natural sections and Michelia L. includes 3 natural sections, which all have the same evolutionary boundary: PHS (17bp) ≥ 0.961 (intrasection) or PHS (17bp) ≤ 0.960 (inter sections). Moreover, 4 new subgeneric combinations, 1 new section and 3 new sectional combinations, 14 new specific names and 95 new specific combinations have been scientifically and validly published. This paper scientifically solves the confusion between the traditional classification system and the modern phylogenic system of Magnoliaceae, and lays a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the research of fruit plant evolution.
Analysis of Thyroid Autoantibodies and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Expression in Patients with Thyroid Diseases in High Iodine Areas of Cangzhou
Authors: Chao Shen , Na Liu , Libin Ji , Guiran Yang
Published: March 2024

Objective: To analyze the differences in the expression of thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating hormone in people with thyroid disease in the high iodine area of Cangzhou City. Methods A total of 90 patients with thyroid disease from high iodine area of Cangzhou City were enrolled, including 30 patients with hypothyroidism, 30 patients with goiter and 30 patients with thyroid cancer. A total of 30 healthy patients at the same time and in the same region were selected as the control. The subjects were divided into four groups: hypothyroidism group, Goiter group, Thyroid cancer group, and control group. The TSH levels and thyroid autoantibody levels of the four groups were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of thyroid autoantibodies in the hypothyroidism, Goiter group and thyroid cancer group were significantly higher (P<0.05), and compared with the control group, the TSH levels in the hypothyroidism group and the thyroid cancer group were higher, and the TSH levels in the Goiter group were lower (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating hormone are differentially expressed in different types of thyroid diseases in the high iodine area of Cangzhou City, which can be used as reference indicators for the identification and diagnosis of different types of thyroid diseases.
The Integration of Machine Translation Technology in the Realm of Legal Interpretation
Authors: Jie Zhu
Published: March 2024

This article aims to provide an overview of the application of machine translation technology in the field of legal translation, exploring its potential, challenges, and future directions. Firstly, it reviews the development process of machine translation technology, including rule-based methods, statistical machine translation, and the application of deep learning methods. Secondly, on the basis of in-depth deconstruction of the operating rules of the big language model, it is demonstrated that the highly modeled written legal language is highly consistent with the underlying logic of the big language model because of its standardization, accuracy and de-contextualization, so compared with other styles, machine translation technology will achieve better translation results in the field of legal translation. In addition, multimodal technology can also be applied to court interpretation, which greatly alleviates the shortage of qualified interpreters and maintains judicial justice. Furthermore, it discusses the human-machine collaborative model in legal translation, emphasizing the importance of human proofreading and review in ensuring translation accuracy and reliability. Lastly, it summarizes the prospects and challenges of machine translation technology in the field of legal translation. Through a systematic review and analysis of relevant literature, this article reveals the immense potential of machine translation technology in legal translation. It can significantly enhance the efficiency and quality of legal translation, thereby enhancing the capacity of legal language services.
Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study of Mogadishu, Banadir Region, Somalia
Authors: Adawe Abdolahi Mohamed , Abdi Saed Jama , Abdi Abdirahman Mayow , Omar Abdirahman Dahir
Published: March 2024

This study was carried out to assess the groundwater quality around the Mogadishu area, Banadir region, Somalia. Multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)were applied to 22 groundwater samples collected from boreholes and dug wells in the coastal line districts namely: Wadajir, Kaxda and Dharkinley districts of Banadir region, Somalia. Correlations among 14 hydrochemical parameters were statistically examined. A two-factor model is suggested and explains over 82.4% of the total groundwater quality variation. Factor Analysis (FA) revealed significant variables including electrical conductivity (EC), pH value and other parameters such as K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42- and hardness expressed as CaCO3, Chlorine, Fluoride, B, S, Si, and NO3 which are responsible for variations in groundwater quality and affect water chemistry. The results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard guidelines. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to create the spatial distribution maps of water quality parameters. Cluster Analysis (CA) grouped all sites into three zones based on spatial similarities and dissimilarities of physiochemical properties. The pH value and Boron, fluoride calcium, magnesium, sulfide, potassium, and Silica are well within the desirable limit at all locations. However, the concentration of conductivity chloride, hardness as CaCO3, sulfate, nitrate, and Sodium in all samples exceeded the desirable WHO maximum permissible limit. The study reveals that the groundwater quality changed due to anthropogenic and natural influences such as natural weathering processes. As a result of this the qualities of the boreholes and dug well water samples were therefore not suitable for human consumption without adequate treatment. Regular monitoring of groundwater quality, abolishing unhealthy waste disposal practices, and introducing modern techniques are recommended.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Improvement in Biomass Power Plant: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Roni Md. Abdur Rahman , Abedin Mohammad Zoynal , Islam Samsul , Miah Md. Abdul Hannan , Ahsan Zahid
Published: March 2024

Biomass power plants play a crucial role in the sustainable energy sector by converting organic materials such as agricultural residues, forest biomass, and dedicated energy crops into electricity and heat. Biomass power plants represent a viable and renewable energy solution that can contribute to transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Their ability to convert organic materials into electricity and heat, coupled with proper management of feedstocks and emissions, can provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based power generation. Biomass has appeared as one of the most encouraging renewable energy sources for the replacement of fossil fuels. An extensive study about the prospective of biomass to produce renewable energy in the world has been exhibited in this article. The biomass-driven combined heat and power plant demonstrates 67% and 12% efficiency improvement compared to the stand-alone biomass power plant. BFP-CCS performs best at the H2O/Mn2O3 mass ratio of 1.6, the H2O/O2 molar ratio of 2.8, the O2/biomass mass ratio of 0.22, and the fuel utilization factor of 0.65. The exergo-economic and exergo-environmental factors obtained are 51.5% and 0.0288% respectively at the favorable operating conditions. The round-trip efficiency of the process using R1233zd was 8.77%, which was slightly lower than that of the process using R245fa (8.84%). The net power output of the final CLC integrated configuration and conventional power plants are 492.19 kW and 273.12 kW respectively. A lot of energy can be recovered without low-temperature corrosion problems, and 7% of the total input energy can be saved. The maximum obtainable exergy efficiency was 42.03%, which was related to MSW (Municipal Solid Waste). The primary aim of this review is to furnish a thorough understanding of the thermodynamic complexities and potential improvements within biomass power plants. Through a critical analysis of current research and emerging technologies, this review aims to establish the groundwork for more effective and sustainable energy production from biomass, playing a crucial role in shaping a cleaner and more environmentally friendly future.
The Physical Activity Prevalence and Contributing Factors among Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Low-Income Communities in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Phiri Margaret , Likwa Rosemary Ndonyo , Mweshi Margaret Mutale , Nkhata Loveness Anila
Published: March 2024

If there are no medical or obstetrical complications, pregnant women should continue and maintain moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy under the supervision of their healthcare provider. In this study, we considered the prevalence and participants’ perception of factors affecting physical activity among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in low-income communities in Lusaka, Zambia. We used a mixed method design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data elements. The study population (N=250) comprised of all pregnant women aged 15-49 years who were receiving prenatal care at study sites regardless of their gestational age. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics were analyzed using Stata version 20-0 for Windows while, in qualitative data, a textual analysis was conducted to establish verifiable themes and categories. The participant’s physical activity prevalence was 82% and the level of exercise classification was moderate. Factors that influenced physical activity during pregnancy include physical body changes and symptoms of discomfort, influence of family and friends, housing's physical and social surroundings and absence of nurturing environment. These findings may be of use to public health practitioners, policy-makers and health professionals as they may help inform context-specific interventions that focus on increasing antenatal physical activity at the health facilities. These findings are important because health care providers should encourage increased physical activity during pregnancy, but treatment should be tailored to the unique needs of each patient.
Seroprevalence, Serotyping, and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Diseases in Bovine in Western Amhara Regional State, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yirdaw Betelihem , Jibril Yasmin , Muluneh Ayelech
Published: March 2024

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of animals. The disease affects domestic cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, and goats, deer, and is characterized by fever, lameness, and vesicular lesions on the tongue, feet, snout, and teats. The study aimed to determine seroprevalence of FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease), to identifay type of serotypes and to know associated risk factors. A total of 389 sera samples were collected from cattle in four districts of the north western Amhara region and subjected to a 3ABC enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. The overall seroprevalence of FMDV was 5.66% (22/389); (95%; CI: 3.34% to 7.98%). The 22 positive samples were subjected to solid phase competitive ELISA to identify specific serotypes. The occurrence of FMD was higher in Adet (OR= 12.8), greater in the semi-intensive than extensive production systems (OR=10.4) and highly occurred in the cross breed than local breed cattle (OR=3.56). Serotypes identified in the four districts were type O, SAT2, and A. This study revealed that FMD is a prevalent and endemic disease. Thus, awareness creation to the stakeholders on the control and prevention of a disease is required. Further epidemiological investigation and vaccine trials should be conducted.
Subjugation of Indigenous Land: The Geographical Depletion of Place Depicted in Linda Hogan’s Mean Spirit
Authors: Xiaofang Sun
Published: March 2024

Linda Hogan is a Chickasaw writer who has been always concerned about the issue of place in her literary works since place is taken as a witness, participant and even sufferer of the Native American people’s colonial history. Meanwhile, the native belief regarding human relationships to land and place in cosmological and ecological aspects can also well illustrate her initial concern of place. This paper is to situate the analysis of place within the context of postcolonial and ecological avenues, exploring the geographical depletion of the local place, and further reproducing the colonized and displaced situation of indigenous land. Through the representation of land loss history represented in her first novel Mean Spirit, this study is intended to draw upon the concerning social elements resulting in the native people’s land cession experience from two aspects, colonial conquest and capital expansion, thus generalizing Hogan’s attitude toward land as a component of the local place and conceptualizing her land ethic stereotype. In a nutshell, the land-language concept revealed in Hogan’s literary work encompasses the idea of caring for and listening to the place and ultimately demonstrates her land ethic doctrine that can be comprehended as her place-oriented proposition and a new strategy of resistance against the colonial and ecological crisis.
Review on the Relationship Between Mahan and Baekje: The Same Entities with Different Names
Authors: Park Tong
Published: March 2024

Currently, in Northeast Asia, where Korea, China, and Japan are located, there is still a fierce debate over the extent of the territories in ancient history. This research aimed to prove that Mahan and Baekje, ancient Korean states, were essentially the same entitty only with different names employing new methodologies including comparative analysis of ancient Historical records from Korea, China and Japan, analysis of clans and place names, as well as examination of various inscriptions, stele texts, and genealogical data. The research results revealed that Baekje, referred to as Dongyi tribes in China and as Gudara in Japan was confirmed to be another name of Mahan. Baekje was established as a tributary of Mahan in the ancient land of Daebang and Mahan and Baekje coexisted peacefully for over 460 years, and they even engaged in a division of roles in diplomatic activities. In Tang Dynasty, when Baekje was conquered, King Kim Chun-chu of Silla was appointed as the general secretary of the Yuyi Clan Conquest. The titles of Yuyi and Mahan also appear in the positions of Su Dingfang, which refers to the Mahan forces that existed around the Yeongsan River basin as Yue Zhi. All these facts confirm that Mahan and Baekje were indeed the same entities, merely known by different names in historical Records. The aforementioned research results demonstrate that Mahan-Baekje was a very Powerful political entity spanning the Korean Peninsula, the northeastern region of China, and the Japanese Archipelago. This serves as strong evidence against the claims of China’s Northeast Project and Japan’s theory of the Imna Japan Province, highlighting the historical inaccuracies in these assertions.
Timely Surgical Intervention for Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome with an Intact Ventricular Septum in a Patient with a Long-Term Survival: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Yunyi , Luo Shuhua , Wang Enping
Published: March 2024

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome with an intact ventricular septum (APVS with IVS) is a rare congenital heart defect that is associated with a high perinatal mortality. Most fetuses can hard to survive without inotropic support or heart transplantation due to the severe respiratory dysfunction, heart failure and serious infections resulting from tracheobronchial compression and right ventricular dilation. Almost one-third of the patients opted for a termination of pregnancy. The etiology of APVS patients is still unknown. Previous research only noted an enhancement in the long-term survival of APVS with tetralogy of Fallot patients over the past decade. However, the timeliness of surgical intervention and survival status in APVS with IVS patients remains unclear. In our case, we described a 27-year-old patient with a rare combination of the rudimentary pulmonary valve, intact ventricular septum and absent superior vena cava who successfully developed biventricular physiology without any medical intervene. And he received a timely pulmonary valve implantation in our centre to prevent further right ventricular dysfunction. Thus, we highlighted that biventricular circulation can be successfully achieved in this rare subtype of APVS with IVS patients. However, more multicentre studies and lifelong follow-up are required to determine the timeliness for pulmonary valve surgery to avoid over-dilatation of the right ventricle in APVS with IVS patients.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis from Meiganga (Cameroon) on Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Beyssiri Didier , Dongmo Faustin , Soudy Imar Djibrine , Mahamat Alcherif Hamid , Ngimout Kidjama Ngo , Dongmo Selestin Sokeng , Fohouo Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In Cameroon, the traditional treatment of this pathology is based on the use of Propolis. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis (Adamawa Region, Cameroon). To confirm the different properties of this extract, the glycaemia, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of different groups of animals were assessed in a type 2 diabetes model induced by the Hypercaloric Sucrose Diet combined with dexamethasone. Simultaneous administration of the ethanolic extract of Meiganga propolis (EEMP 300 mg/kg) and the hypercaloric sucrose diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in fasting blood glucose levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group, whose fasting blood glucose levels were 78.25 ± 2.29 and 156.5 ± 2.75 mg/dL respectively on day 30. In terms of lipid profile, the administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) prevented a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with animals in the diabetic control groups. The values were 27±2.71 mg/dL and 97.8±2.92 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol. In terms of oxidative stress, simultaneous administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) and a high calorie diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group. Values for this superoxide dismutase in the liver were 81.72 U/g of organ for EEMP 300 mg/kg and 58.6 U/g of organ in the liver of diabetic rats. These results justify the use of ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Cameroon.
The Assessment on the Process of Carrying out Quality Assurance of Educational Materials in Tanzania
Authors: Mwanahanja Geofrey
Published: March 2024

Teaching and learning materials enhance teaching and learning by providing information, understanding concepts, developing problem-solving skills, encouraging reflective thinking, and being scripted to ensure children's success. Careful planning, monitoring, evaluation, and quality assurance processes like internal and external critical review, ethics, and copyright approval are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of learning materials. The study aimed to assess the quality assurance process of educational materials in Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative research approach, and data were gathered through the literature review. The United Republic of Tanzania's education and training policies, curriculum framework for basic and teacher education, basic, secondary, and teacher education quality assurance framework, and other related materials were consulted as the primary data sources. Content analysis of data was used to come up with a clear interpretation of information and a conclusion of the results. The finding shows that the Tanzania Education Policy talks about quality education and needs to give a straightforward guide on developing quality assurance tools for implementing the policy. The study found that the Tanzania Institute of Education has an excellent and well-organised guideline for the educational materials quality assurance process that can be adopted and included in the policy. The study recommends the inclusion of statements directing the quality assurance of educational materials in the education policy. Also, the study suggests requiring teachers to be included and involve student teachers in quality assurance since they are the critical implementers and users of educational materials.