bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAP3K8 Regulates Cox-2–Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Production in the Lung and Suppresses Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Zannikou Markella , Barbayianni Ilianna , Fanidis Dionysios , Grigorakaki Theodora , Vlachopoulou Evlalia , Konstantopoulos Dimitris , Fousteri Maria , Nikitopoulou Ioanna , Kotanidou Anastasia , Kaffe Eleanna , Aidinis Vassilis
Published: December 2020

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by exuberant deposition of extracellular matrix components, leading to the deterioration of lung architecture and respiratory functions. Profibrotic mechanisms are controlled by multiple regulatory molecules, including MAPKs, in turn regulated by multiple phosphorylation cascades. MAP3K8 is an MAPK kinase kinase suggested to pleiotropically regulate multiple pathogenic pathways in the context of inflammation and cancer; however, a possible role in the pathogenesis of IPF has not been investigated. In this report, MAP3K8 mRNA levels were found decreased in the lungs of IPF patients and of mice upon bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Ubiquitous genetic deletion of Map3k8 in mice exacerbated the modeled disease, whereas bone marrow transfer experiments indicated that although MAP3K8 regulatory functions are active in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, Map3k8 in hematopoietic cells has a more dominant role. Macrophage-specific deletion of Map3k8 was further found to be sufficient for disease exacerbation thus confirming a major role for macrophages in pulmonary fibrotic responses and suggesting a main role for Map3k8 in the homeostasis of their effector functions in the lung. Map3k8 deficiency was further shown to be associated with decreased Cox-2 expression, followed by a decrease in PGE2 production in the lung; accordingly, exogenous administration of PGE2 reduced inflammation and reversed the exacerbated fibrotic profile of Map3k8  −/− mice. Therefore, MAP3K8 has a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses and Cox-2–mediated PGE2 production in the lung, and the attenuation of its expression is integral to pulmonary fibrosis development.
Virtual Oscillator Control of Multiple Solar PV Inverters for Microgrid Applications
Authors: Htut Han Min , Wangdee Wijarn
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes the inverter control strategy for multiple solar PV generation sources based on the two-stage converters with a combination of the modified virtual oscillator control (VOC) and the cascaded sliding mode control (SMC). With this proposed control strategy, the load power-sharing in proportion to the inverter rating is guaranteed when the solar PV output satisfies the power-sharing requirement. On the other hand, the control algorithm autonomously forces the solar PV to operate at the maximum power point if the solar PV output is lower than the power-sharing requirement. Various operating scenarios have been simulated to appreciate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for ensuring the load-power sharing and maintaining the voltage and frequency stability of the islanded microgrid containing a 100% solar PV generation.
Research Trends and Outlooks in Assembly Line Balancing Problems
Authors: Chutima Parames
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the findings from the survey of articles published on the assembly line balancing problems (ALBPs) during 2014-2018. Before proceeding a comprehensive literature review, the ineffectiveness of the previous ALBP classification structures is discussed and a new classification scheme based on the layout configurations of assembly lines is subsequently proposed. The research trend in each layout of assembly lines is highlighted through the graphical presentations. The challenges in the ALBPs are also pinpointed as a technical guideline for future research works.
Security in Rights as a Variety of National Security
Authors: Valeeva Guzel Anvarovna , Lipinsky Dmitry Anatolyevich , Golubcov Valerii Gennadievich
Published: December 2020

Study purpose is to determine the signs of legal security on the basis of existing scientific views and current legislation, excluding its overly broad understanding, leading to the fact that any legal requirement is included in the content of national security. Methodology: the basis is the dialectical method of cognition of the facts of social reality, on which the formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. The methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction, deduction and induction have found their application both individually and as part of other methods. Main content. We analyzed the features of legal security: normative; legal system stability; focus on eliminating legal threats and others, as well as criticized the widespread understanding of legal security as a form of national security. Conclusions. It is proved that it is necessary to distinguish between such phenomena as legal security and legal security as a form of national security, while the latter is part of legal security. In general, the entire block of legal security is not included in the content of national security.
Special features of vocational training institutions in the context of pandemics
Authors: Chertakova Elena M. , Lapshova Anna V. , Bystrova Natalia V. , Smirnova Zhanna V. , Bulaeva Marina N.
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has had a profound impact on society. Educational institutions are taking steps to organize the learning process, which will not only preserve, but also improve its quality in the current critical situation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of implementing distance education in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The distance learning conditions created to guarantee epidemiological safety in order to preserve the health of students and teachers include the use of innovative technological means. We have proposed several solutions to the problems that have arisen in the process of organizing distance education: organizational problems on the technical side of the subject, reducing the burden of teachers and students, organizing effective independent work, and others. It is concluded that the distance learning media and technologies used in the teaching of professional disciplines contribute to the gradual development of the students' professional competence. The results of the study showed that distance education technologies implemented in the practice of a higher education institution expand the possibilities for students to master educational material.
Identifying the Mental Model of the Managers of Melli Bank Regarding Quantum Leadership using Q-methodology
Authors: Shariatikia Ghasem , Beheshtifar Malikeh , Montazeri Mohammad , Kazemi Hossein
Published: December 2020

At Bank Melli Iran, which is the site of research, there are different opinions and views on quantum leadership, each of which is representing a specific intellectual model on the subject. These diverse opinions form a space for discourse. This study will identify this discursive space in detail and also analyze it in order to reveal organizational models to present strategies to plan the improvement of Bank Melli's policies and plans. The methodology used in this research is Q-sort or Q-methodology. This methodology was able to reveal several courses in the speech forum. Studying discursive space, 74 factors were detected. In analyzing these propositions, finally, 59 factors formalized Q expressions. These propositions that form the Q order, were written by paras on 59 cards. A sample of Bank Melli managers was then selected using Q-sort arrange for these cards on the Q-chart using defined instructions. In interpreting and the results obtained, three large models were identified including the ambassadors of change, the pioneers of protection and the drivers of stability.
Legal basis for the interaction between local with state authorities
Authors: Abdulridha Jaafar Naser , Hashim Salwan Jaber , Sultanov Evgeny Batirovich
Published: December 2020

The objective of the article is to analyze the legal basis for interaction between local and state authorities within the framework of the current constitution of the Republic of Iraq. At the methodological level, documentary observation was used. In recent years, after the transition to a new political regime in Iraq in 2003, many issues relating to local administrations and their interaction with state bodies have been identified and enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005. Some of the most serious problems are the lack of a clear organization of relations between government bodies and local governments, the efficiency problems of the various authorities, as well as the lack of flexible solutions in legislation and the Constitution. The need to solve these problems is often manifested at all levels. At the same time, we find no real decisions that do not cause popular discontent in all Iraqi provinces, especially in Basra province. It is concluded that relations between regional and national authorities are mediated by the presence of bureaucracy, financial and administrative corruption administrative and political conflicts between political parties.
Conflicts associated with migratory processes: a political perspective
Authors: Sagitova Victoria Ravilꞌevna , Ivanov Andrey Valeryevich
Published: December 2020

The objective of the research was to discuss the conflictive nature of the migratory processes that occur in the world today. The need to adapt and solve daily problems inevitably requires the State to implement international, state and regional standards for the implementation of the rights and opportunities of migrants both in the territory of the donor country and in the territory of the recipient country. On the other hand, we see an increase in the phobia of migrants and the characteristic racism of countries where labor migration flows are increasing. In methodological terms, use was made of hermeneutics close to political ethnography. It is concluded that, for a long time, the criticism of racism has developed as a criticism of colonialism, Nazism, including anti-Semitism, and in modern times as a political criticism of migration-phobia and nationalism, in which the Racist speech and practices have found and do find obvious and complete expression. Migrant phobia is a concept that latently generates motives of political, ideological, racial, national, religious hatred, xenophobia, or hostility towards an ethnic or social group within the framework of social practices.
Training and implementation of the environmental, economic, and legal development policy of the regions: main practice-oriented approaches
Authors: Bukanov Hryhorii , Skakovska Svitlana , Kulbaka Viktor , Sytnichenko Olena , Kulbaka Olesia
Published: December 2020

The article explores the possibilities of practice-oriented approaches in public administration, in the field of training and implementation of the ecological development policy of the regions, between areas, modern social and economic conditions instead. The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientific methods of cognition and social processes (analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification) and sociological methods for obtaining empirical data. The forms of optimization of public administration in the field of training and implementation of the ecological development policy of the regions are concluded, manifested in the practice-oriented approaches select in the following directions: from the framework outside responsibility and legal in the field of environmental protection; strengthening the role of economic mechanisms and environmental management tools in the regions; modernization of the public and state administration system in the field of environmental protection, and; Dissemination of an instrument of cross-sectoral social collaboration in the field of training and implementation of ecological development policy.
Implementation of the Function of Maximizing the Security Level in the Administration of Justice in the Digital Economy
Authors: Valeev Damir Khamitovich , Nuriev Anas Gaptraufovich
Published: December 2020

The research analyses the implementation of the role of maximizing the level of security in the administration of justice in the context of the digital economy. Methodologically, the documentary observation research technique and, to process sources, sociological-dialectical analysis were used. Digitization as a transformational factor of many branches of social relations implies dependence on the implementation of a series of interdependent legal facts with digital technologies so that the action has a legal and concrete result. The digital level as a new platform for the implementation of a number of public functions posing new challenges for the public administration system and also determines the status of new functions that can provide a "digital future" with a positive development dynamic. Conclusion mode everything indicates that, these new functions can be austable in order to maximize security in the implementation of public functions in response to new threats. Particularly sensitive is the area of justice administration, which is also actively introducing many digital tools into the case-resolution process.
Internet Media During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Trishchuk Olga , Grytsenko Oksana , Figol Nadija , Faichuk Tetiana , Teremko Vasyl
Published: December 2020

This article defines the main characteristics of the media during quarantine, analyzes the peculiarity of online media during the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 and highlights changes in the content of media platforms during the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, considering changes in user interests and new media projects offered especially during this pandemic. General scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis) and special research methods of online media characteristics (content analysis) have been used. Based on the results of the survey, the most popular online platforms were identified during quarantine restrictions, the most vulnerable areas of online media were identified during the crisis, and details of the presentation of material on OVID-19 were analyzed by various means. It is concluded that social quarantine restrictions have led to an increase in activity among users of online media, now focusing on the content of the information and the constant monitoring of the situation of the pandemic, as well as ways to defend against it.
Information technology in the litigation due to the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Bakaianova Nana , Polianskyi Yurii , Svyda Oleksii
Published: December 2020

Changes in IT information technologies in the judiciary have become particularly evident in the context of the pandemic in an urgent need to file documents electronically, hold online court hearings, and the need to respond and efforts to ensure justice are imposed. In view of this, it is important to analyze the location and importance of information technologies in the judiciary in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to pay attention to the shortcomings and prospects of their implementation. As a result, the work aims to study the location and importance of information technology in the judiciary in the context of COVID-19. The research methods used are the dialectical, statistical method, method give method, method of a legal analysis document, articles and monographs, generalization method, comparison method, synthesis method, modeling method. By way of conclusion, the scope and significance of information technologies in the judiciary in a pandemic such as this one is highlighted, although their widespread use leads to problems in the courts that require other investigations for effective resolution.
Mechanisms of Verbal Morphology Processing in Heritage Speakers of Russian
Authors: Romanova Natalia
Published: December 2020

The goal of the study is to analyze the morphological processing of real and novel verb forms by heritage speakers of Russian in order to determine whether it differs from that of native (L1) speakers1 and second language (L2) learners; if so, how it is different; and which factors may guide the acquisition process. The experiment involved three groups of subjects: 28 adult native speakers, 14 adult heritage speakers, and 17 beginning American learners of Russian. The results demonstrate that (1) novel form production in heritage processing, as in native and L2 processing, is rule-based, and that rule application—i.e. the generalization rate of conjugational patterns—depends on the input-based mechanism of statistical probabilities (to be defined below), and (2) that heritage speakers' mental representations of morphological structures are unstable and their morphological processing is different from either adult native or L2 processing.
Experiencias y emociones de las parteras con relación al sistema formal de salud en México
Authors: Atayde Manríquez Karina Xóchitl , González-Robledo Luz María
Published: December 2020

El estudio buscó conocer la experiencia y las emociones en la práctica de la partería, en el estado de Morelos, bajo el contexto del modelo médico hegemónico. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, apoyado en el método etnográfico, y tomando como referencia las narrativas de las propias parteras mediante entrevistas en profundidad. Los principales resultados del estudio muestran que 1) la experiencia de las parteras las ha encaminado a desarrollar y mantener prácticas que tienen una lógica distinta al modelo médico alopático hegemónico; 2) las parteras cuidan de manera significativa la dimensión emocional de las mujeres en la atención al embarazo, parto y posparto, con sensibilidad y respeto; al tiempo que 3) se mostró que dichos conocimientos y prácticas son deslegitimados desde la lógica hegemónica de la medicina alopática. El estudio concluyó que es necesario tener una mayor y mejor comprensión de la forma en la que trabajan las parteras y buscar generar espacios de diálogo con el sistema formal de salud, a fin de generar políticas inclusivas, de reconocimiento y de respeto para ellas, en tanto que de esa manera es posible apoyar a la salud materno infantil en beneficio de la sociedad.
Level of Green Practices Among Hotel Guests in Malaysia
Authors: Yusof Yusnita , Ma’asor Myzatul Aini
Published: December 2020

With the rise of environmental consciousness among the management of the accommodation sector, green hotels seem to be a growing niche in the competitive lodging industry, as evidenced by the increase in the total number of customers who are attracted to stay in green hotels. Moreover, nowadays, hotel guests prefer to stay in a hotel that is concerned about the environment. This means that green practices are essential in the hotel industry. The aim is to expand the previous research and will examine the level of green practices in respect of guests in the Malaysian hotels. A total of 300 respondents were selected using a random sampling method and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The result indicated that all the items for the green practices’ variable had good values. The theoretical contribution of this study is to the added level of green practices information into the marketing research base, especially in the hotel industry to help marketers create the target market.
Banking Across Borders
Authors: Cerutti Eugenio , Koch Catherine , Pradhan Swapan-Kumar
Published: December 2020

We explore the global footprint of Chinese banks and compare it with that of other bank nationalities. Chinese banks have become the largest cross-border creditors for almost half of all emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). Their global reach resembles that of banks from advanced economies (AEs). We take a nationality approach as international banks, and Chinese banks in particular, grant a substantial share of their cross-border loans from affiliates located abroad. But differences remain. Using a gravity model with a novel measure of distance capturing the role of foreign affiliates across all bank nationalities, we find that larger distances deter cross-border bank lending to EMDEs more than to AEs. For Chinese banks, however, distance deters lending to EMDEs less than for peer EMDE banks. We show that for all banks combined, bilateral economic interactions like trade, FDI and portfolio investment, positively correlate with lending. Chinese banks’ lending to EMDEs also strongly correlates with trade, but not with FDI and, unlike other banks, it correlates negatively with portfolio investment.
Interferencia de Cenchrus echinatus y Rottboellia exaltata en el crecimiento del frijol caupí
Authors: da Silva Maia Sonicley , Ribeiro-Rocha Paulo R. , Santiago-Castro Thaís , Costa da Silva Iasmin K. E. , Ferreira-Barreto Glauber , Torres de Souza Leandro , Murga-Orrillo Hipólito , Abanto-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: December 2020

El frijol caupíes un cultivo importante para la seguridad alimentaria de la población mundial;sin embargo, su producción es afectada constantemente por la interferencia de las malezas. El objetivo de estainvestigación fue determinar el efecto de la interferenciadelasmalezasen diferentes densidades de competencia sobre las características de crecimiento del cultivo. El estudio fue conducido mediante diseño de bloques al azar en arreglofactorial 2x4 para análisis del cultivoy 2x3 paralasmalezas. Fueron estudiadas dos especies de maleza (Cenchrus echinatusy Rottboellia exaltata) y cuatro intensidades de competencia (cero, dos, cuatro y seis individuos por maceta), con cuatro repeticiones. Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas en la etapa de floración del cultivo y las variables medidas fueron área foliar, masa seca de las hojas, del tallo, de la raíz (MSR), de la parte aérea (MSPA), masa seca total y la relación MSR/MSPA. Además, fueron cuantificadas en las malezas la masa seca de la parte aérea (MSPAM) y de la raíz (MSRM). El aumento de la densidad de competencia de las malezas resultó en disminución de los valores de todas las variables analizadasen el cultivo. En las malezas,C. echinatusmostró mayor MSPAM que R.exaltata,aunqueno hubo diferenciasenMSRM. Ambas malezasafectan negativamente elcrecimiento delasplantas de frijol,aunque con C. echinatusel efecto es aún mayor.El efecto de interferencia es mayor a medida que aumenta la densidad de lasmalezas.
Áreas geográficas susceptibles a Fusarium oxysporum en el cultivo de fresa en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Juárez-García Rosa A. , Sanzón-Gómez Diana , Ramírez-Santoyo Luis F. , Ruiz-Nieto Jorge E. , González-Castañeda Jaquelina , Hernández-Ruíz Jesús
Published: December 2020

Fusarium oxysporumes el hongo más frecuente del complejo de especies que conforman la enfermedad conocida como secadera de la fresa. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la idoneidad ambiental que propicia la incidencia de este hongo. Setomaron muestras en174 unidades de producción de fresaen el estado de Guanajuato México, para determinar la presencia de F. oxysporum mediante caracterización morfológicade la planta.Con los casos positivos se evaluó la idoneidad ambiental con el algoritmo de máxima entropía (MaxEnt) utilizando22 variables bioclimáticas como predictores. Se encontró que en una superficie de total de 174.580 ha, existen las condiciones climáticas para propiciar la incidencia de F. oxysporum. Las variables climáticas que principalmente propician esta incidencia sonelcuatrimestre más cálido (31%),elrégimen de humedad (26%) ylaaltitudde la zona(18%).
Soil–atmosphere exchange flux of total gaseous mercury (TGM) at subtropical and temperate forest catchments
Authors: Zhou Jun , Wang Zhangwei , Zhang Xiaoshan , Driscoll Charles T. , Lin Che-Jen
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Evasion from soil is the largest source of mercury (Hg) to the atmosphere from terrestrial ecosystems. To improve our understanding of controls and in estimates of forest soil–atmosphere fluxes of total gaseous Hg (TGM), measurements were made using dynamic flux chambers (DFCs) over 130 and 96 d for each of five plots at a subtropical forest and a temperate forest, respectively. At the subtropical forest, the highest net soil Hg emissions were observed for an open field (24 ± 33 ng m−2 h−1), followed by two coniferous forest plots (2.8 ± 3.9 and 3.5 ±  4.2 ng m−2 h−1), a broad-leaved forest plot (0.18 ±  4.3 ng m−2 h−1) and the remaining wetland site showing net deposition (−0.80 ± 5.1 ng m−2 h−1). At the temperate forest, the highest fluxes and net soil Hg emissions were observed for a wetland (3.81 ± 0.52 ng m−2 h−1) and an open field (1.82 ± 0.79 ng m−2 h−1), with lesser emission rates in the deciduous broad-leaved forest (0.68 ± 1.01 ng m−2 h−1) and deciduous needle-leaved
forest (0.32 ± 0.96 ng m−2 h−1) plots, and net deposition at an evergreen pine forest (−0.04 ± 0.81 ng m−2 h−1). High solar radiation and temperature during summer resulted in the high Hg emissions in the subtropical forest and the open field and evergreen pine forest at the temperate forest. At the temperate deciduous plots, the highest Hg emission occurred in spring during the leaf-off period due to direct solar radiation exposure to soils. Fluxes showed strong positive relationships with solar radiation and soil temperature and negative correlations with ambient air TGM concentration in both the subtropical and temperate forests, with area-weighted compensation points of 6.82 and 3.42 ng m−3, respectively. The values of the compensation points suggest that the atmospheric TGM concentration can play a critical role in limiting TGM emissions from the forest floor. Climate change and land use disturbance may increase the compensation points in both temperate and subtropical forests. Future research should focus on the role of legacy soil Hg in reemissions to the atmosphere as decreases in primary emissions drive decreases in TGM concentrations and disturbances of climate change and land use.
Pliocene expansion of C4 vegetation in the Core Monsoon Zone on the Indian Peninsula
Authors: Dunlea Ann G. , Giosan Liviu , Huang Yongsong
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The expansion of C4 vegetation during the Neogene
was one of the largest reorganizations of Earth's terrestrial biome. Once
thought to be globally synchronous in the late Miocene, site-specific
studies have revealed differences in the timing of the expansion and suggest
that local conditions play a substantial role. Here, we examine the
expansion of C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula since the late
Miocene by constructing a ∼6-million-year paleorecord with
marine sediment from the Bay of Bengal at Site U1445, drilled during
International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 353. Analyses of element
concentrations indicate that the marine sediment originates from the Mahanadi
River in the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ) of the Indian Peninsula. Hydrogen
isotopes of the fatty acids of leaf waxes reveal an overall decrease in the
CMZ precipitation since the late Miocene. Carbon isotopes of the leaf wax
fatty acids suggest C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula existed
before the end of the Miocene but expanded to even higher abundances during
the mid-Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene (∼3.5 to 1.5 million years ago). Similar to the CMZ on the Indian Peninsula, a Pliocene expansion or re-expansion has previously been observed in northwest Australia and in East Africa, suggesting that these tropical ecosystems surrounding the
Indian Ocean remained highly sensitive to changes in hydroclimate after the initial spread of C4 plants in late Miocene.
Radiation tolerance of the PNI RM3100 magnetometer for a Europa lander mission
Authors: Regoli Leonardo H. , Moldwin Mark B. , Raines Connor , Nordheim Tom A. , Miller Cameron A. , Carts Martin , Pozzi Sara A.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The results of two radiation test campaigns on a low-cost commercial off-the-shelf magnetometer are presented. The test setup and the total ionization dose (TID) levels studied were designed to meet the requirements of a mission to land on Europa. Based on the Europa Lander Science Definition Team report, instruments inside an aluminum vault at the surface of Europa would need to withstand TID of up to 300 krad(SI). In order to evaluate the performance of the PNI RM3100 magnetometer, nine separate sensors were irradiated at two different facilities during two separate campaigns and under different configurations, including passive and active tests. Of the nine sensors, seven survived the TID of 300 krad(SI) while the other two sensors started presenting failures after reaching 150 krad(SI). Post-irradiation tests showed that eight of the nine sensors continued to work without appreciable degradation after stopping exposure, while one sensor stopped working altogether.
ISBA-MEB (SURFEX v8.1): model snow evaluation for local-scale forest sites
Authors: Napoly Adrien , Boone Aaron , Welfringer Théo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Accurate modeling of the effect of snow cover on the surface energy and mass fluxes is required from land surface models. The Interactions between Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere (ISBA) model uses a composite soil–vegetation approach that has limitations when representing snow and soil phase change processes in areas of high vegetation cover since it does not explicitly represent the snowpack lying on the ground below the canopy. In particular, previous studies using ISBA have pointed out that the snowpack ablation tends to occur to early in the season in forest regions in the Northern Hemisphere.
The multi-energy balance (MEB) version of ISBA has been developed recently, to a large degree, to address this issue. A vegetation layer, which is distinct from the soil, has been added to ISBA and new processes are now explicitly represented, such as snow interception and an understory litter layer.
To evaluate the behavior of this new scheme in a cold forested region, long-term offline simulations have been performed for the three BERMS forest sites located in Saskatchewan, Canada.
It is shown that the new scheme leads to an improved energy budget representation, especially in terms of the ground and sensible heat fluxes, with decreases in root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 77 % and 18 %, respectively. A positive impact for soil temperatures, consistent with the improvement of the ground heat flux, is obtained, particularly in terms of bias, which is reduced from −6.2 to −0.1 K at a 10 cm soil depth on average for the three sites and 12 studied years.
The impact of using MEB on the snowpack simulation is a better agreement with observations during the snow season, especially concerning the last day of snow in the season: errors are on the order of 1 d averaged over the three sites and all of the years using MEB, which represents a reduction in error of 20 d compared to the composite scheme.
The analysis shows that this improvement is mostly caused by the ability of MEB to represent a snowpack that nearly completely covers the soil below the canopy and that decouples the soil from the atmosphere, while keeping a close coupling between the vegetation and the atmosphere.
Camera-based Water Stage and Discharge Prediction with Machine
Learning
Authors: Chapman Kenneth W. , Gilmore Troy E. , Chapman Christian D. , Mehrubeoglu Mehrube , Mittelstet Aaron R.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Time-lapse imagery of streams and rivers provide new qualitative insights into hydrologic conditions at stream gauges, especially when site visits are biased toward baseflow or fair-weather conditions. Imagery from fixed, ground-based cameras is also rich in quantitative information that can improve streamflow monitoring. For instance, time-lapse imagery may be valuable for filling data gaps when sensors fail and/or during lapses in funding for monitoring programs. In this study, we automated the analysis of time-lapse imagery from a single camera at a single location, then built and tested machine learning models using programmatically calculable scalar image features to fill data gaps in stream gauge records. Time-lapse images were taken with a fixed, ground-based camera that is part of a documentary watershed imaging project (https://plattebasintimelapse.com/). Features were extracted from 40,000+ daylight images taken at one-hour intervals from 2012 to 2019. The algorithms removed dawn and dusk images that were too dark for feature extraction. The image features were merged with United States Geological Survey (USGS) stage and discharge data (i.e., response variables) from the site based on image capture times and USGS timestamps. We then developed a workflow to identify a suitable feature set to build machine learning models with a randomly selected training set of 30 % of the images with the remaining 70 % for a test set. Predictions were generated from Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models. A Kalman filter was applied to the predictions to remove noise. Error metrics were calculated, including Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Prediction Bias (PBIAS), RMSE-Standard Deviation Ratio (RSR), and an alternative metric that accounted for seasonal runoff. After suitable features were identified, the dataset was divided into test sets of simulated data gaps for 2015, 2016, and 2017. The training sets for each gap were features from contiguous images and sensor readings before and after the gaps. NSE for the year-long gap predictions ranged from 0.63 to 0.90 for discharge and 0.47 to 0.90 for stage. The predictions for 2015 and 2017 displayed lower prediction errors than for 2016. The 2016 discharge was significantly higher than training data, which could explain the poorer performance. First and second half-year test sets were created for 2016 along with MLP models from before/after training sets for each of the gaps that held discharge measurements similar to those in the gaps. The half-year gap models' predictions improved NSE, PBIAS and RSR. The results show it is possible to extract features from images taken with the downstream facing camera to build machine learning models that produce accurate stage and discharge predictions. The methods employed should be transferrable to other sites with ground-based cameras.
On a new robust workflow for the statistical and spatial analysis of fracture data collected with scanlines (or the importance of stationarity)
Authors: Bistacchi Andrea , Mittempergher Silvia , Martinelli Mattia , Storti Fabrizio
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present an innovative workflow for the statistical
analysis of fracture data collected along scanlines, composed of two major
stages, each one with alternative options. A prerequisite in our analysis is
the assessment of stationarity of the dataset, which is motivated by
statistical and geological considerations. Calculating statistics on
non-stationary data can be statistically meaningless, and moreover the
normalization and/or sub-setting approach that we discuss here can greatly
improve our understanding of geological deformation processes. Our
methodology is based on performing non-parametric statistical tests, which
allow detecting important features of the spatial distribution of fractures,
and on the analysis of the cumulative spacing function (CSF) and cumulative
spacing derivative (CSD), which allows defining the boundaries of stationary
domains in an objective way. Once stationarity has been analysed, other
statistical methods already known in the literature can be applied. Here we
discuss in detail methods aimed at understanding the degree of saturation
of fracture systems based on the type of spacing distribution, and we
evidence their limits in cases in which they are not supported by a proper
spatial statistical analysis.
The effect of PESTLE factors on development of e-commerce
Authors: Phan Sy Thanh
Published: December 2020

Over the past time, the dramatic growth of e-commerce has made Vietnam as one of the most potential markets in ASEAN. Vietnamese businesses as well as consumers are facing great opportunities from the industrial revolution 4.0. However, in addition to those significant developments, e-commerce in Vietnam also faces many challenges and barriers. Therefore, this research gives an overview of the current situation of e-commerce development and recommendations based on the findings of significant effect generating from PESTLE issues to further development of the online trading platforms in Vietnam.
Rol Municipal en la Gestión de la Seguridad Ciudadana en Chile
Authors: Uttamchandani Mujica Sharun
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo aborda el rol de las municipalidades en el contexto de la gestión de la seguridad ciudadana en Chile. En específico, se busca identificar cuáles han sido los principales rasgos de la política pública central para la gestión local de la seguridad en los segundos gobiernos de Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018) y Sebastián Piñera (2018-2022). Los elementos principales de este trabajo son la identificación de las dinámicas e incentivos que tienen las autoridades para distribuir fondos hacia entidades locales de gobierno. Para esto se pone especial interés en los grados de discrecionalidad con que el gobierno central cuenta a la hora de distribuir fondos para desenvolver proyectos de seguridad ciudadana en gobiernos locales. La metodología que este artículo sigue comprende el análisis de programas políticas y la realización de entrevistas semi estructuradas a expertos. Los principales hallazgos de este trabajo son: 1) la identificación de una alta discrecionalidad en los procesos de transferencia de recursos para la seguridad comunal, y 2) diferencias notorias en el rol de los municipios en la gestión de la seguridad ciudadana.
Medición y análisis del empleo informal en El Salvador: retos en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Erazo María José
Published: December 2020

Uno de los mayores retos en El Salvador consiste en estimar correctamente la cantidad de trabajadores con un empleo informal, debido a que legalmente y en la práctica, estos no están reflejados en mecanismos formales de medición. A partir de las Encuestas de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples (EHPM), se propone un método de medición del empleo informal que permitiría su caracterización visualizando sus mayores vulnerabilidades. Con la aplicación de este método, se estima un total de 74.1 % de ocupados con un empleo informal en El Salvador para 2019. A partir de esta medición, se identifican las probabilidades de tener un empleo formal en El Salvador. En promedio, un salvadoreño dentro del mercado laboral tiene una probabilidad por debajo del 8.0 % de tener un empleo de calidad. Esta probabilidad se ve significativamente afectada por desigualdades de género, nivel educativo, experiencia laboral, edad y territorialidad. Esto representa un reto en materia de políticas públicas para proteger a este considerable grupo de trabajadores, especialmente en el marco de los efectos del COVID-19 que impactará directamente en el bienestar de estos trabajadores.
RBF Neural Network Sliding Mode Control Method Based on Backstepping for an Electro-hydraulic Actuator
Authors: Li Wending , Shi Guanglin , Zhao Chun , Liu Hongyu , Fu Junyong
Published: December 2020

Aiming at the interference problem and the difficulty of model parameter determination caused by the nonlinearity of the valve-controlled hydraulic cylinder position servo system, this study proposes a radial basis function (RBF) neural network sliding mode control strategy based on a backstepping strategy for the electro-hydraulic actuator. First, the non-linear system model of the third-order position electro-hydraulic control servo system is established on the basis of the principle analysis. Second, the model function RBF adaptive law and backstepping control law are designed according to Lyapunov’s stability theorem to solve the problem of external load disturbance and modelling uncertainty, combined with sliding mode control strategy and virtual control law. Finally, simulation and experiment on MATLAB Simulink and semi-physical experimental platform are accomplished to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, results show that the designed controller has high tracking accuracy to the given signal.
El trotskismo francés y el debate sobre la resistencia partisana: 'Ohé Partisans!', una experiencia trotskista en el maquis (1943-1945)
Authors: Luparello Velia , Gaido Daniel
Published: December 2020

La ocupación nazi de Francia dio lugar a uno de los debates más importantes dentro del trotskismo francés y de la IV Internacional: la cuestión nacional europea y las demandas democráticas. El problema nacional tuvo diferentes manifestaciones en distintos países, y a lo largo de Europa produjo el surgimiento de movimientos de resistencia contra los ocupantes. Los trotskistas franceses no fueron ajenos a dicho fenómeno y el debate sobre si debían integrarse a los maquis demostró ser fundamental para la posibilidad de que se produjese una revolución socialista una vez finalizada la guerra. Intentaremos demostrar que la posición de los trotskistas franceses sobre la resistencia distaba de ser unívoca. A partir de la masificación de los movimientos partisanos en Italia y Francia, la mayoría de la dirección del Parti Ouvrier Internationaliste, con Marcel Hic a la cabeza, desarrolló una política favorable hacia los maquis, encontrando una fuerte oposición dentro del partido y del Secretariado Provisional Europeo de la IV Internacional. Los esfuerzos de integración a la resistencia de algunos líderes del POI quedaron truncos tras la redada sufrida por el partido a manos de la Gestapo en octubre de 1943. A mediados de 1945, surgió una nueva oportunidad para los trotskistas franceses con la participación de André Calvès en un maquis comunista, pero dicha oportunidad se perdió debido a la política adoptada por la nueva sección francesa, el Parti Communiste Internationaliste.
¿Rebeldes o amotinados? La Corte Suprema de Justicia y el fuero militar en la construcción de un orden republicano en la Argentina, 1893-1905
Authors: Sillitti Nicolás
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza los cambios en la forma de juzgar a los militares implicados en delitos de rebelión en Argentina en el tránsito del siglo xix al xx. Nos centramos en el estudio de los fallos de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación ante las sublevaciones de 1893 y 1905 para explorar la conformación de un fuero militar republicano y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades punitivas del Estado en un contexto de fuerte conflictividad política. Se sostiene aquí que las causas de rebeldes militares confrontaron diversas concepciones sobre la revolución, la libertad y las garantías civiles.
Gêneros textuais e livros didáticos: um estudo de caso na educação a distância (EaD)
Authors: Farias Júnior Jorge França De
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta o interesse em se analisar a predominância do gênero textual multimodal por meio do material didático impresso produzido para cursos de Letras e Pedagogia em Educação a Distância (EAD), especificamente para disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa. Como parte de um projeto de Iniciação Científica, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral fazer com que os alunos/pesquisados produzissem material instrucional didático. Especificamente, o objetivo foi de que os alunos inserissem gêneros textuais multimodais nos materiais a serem produzidos. Para tanto, houve a necessidade de se seguir a seguinte metodologia: 1) analisar o uso dos gêneros textuais multimodais nos livros didáticos e 2) fazer um levantamento de suas ocorrências e das diferenças de suas aplicações para os livros didáticos de cada curso. Aqui, neste artigo, me aterei apenas a esta primeira etapa do projeto que é de cunho metodológico, a saber, o de recortar e de analisar trechos de livros didáticos. Chegou-se à conclusão, com esta pesquisa, que nos materiais didáticos de Letras há mais enfoque para questões de gêneros textuais, enquanto os livros didáticos de Pedagogia voltam-se mais a questões de interpretação textual.
Entre as conexões e as desconexões: experiências acadêmicas em tempos de distanciamento social físico
Authors: Caldeira Regiane , Sudré Stephanni G. Silva , Pereira Gabriel José
Published: December 2020

A presente pesquisa objetiva conhecer formas de comunicação utilizadas pelos estudantes do câmpus UNEMAT Nova Xavantina a fim de “vencer” o distanciamento físico e como estas podem impactar no engajamento com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem adotado pela IES. A pesquisa apresenta caráter exploratório quanto aos seus objetivos, quanti-quali quanto à abordagem do problema e como delineamento optou-se pelo estudo de caso. A técnica escolhida para a geração de dados foi o questionário. Os resultados indicam que há um movimento intenso em termos de tentativas de adaptação. Os alunos, apesar da desenvoltura no que se refere às tecnologias, sentem-se confusos, inseguros quanto à sua capacidade de processar tantas informações ao mesmo tempo, sejam elas conteúdos que devem ser estudados, quanto habilidades que precisam ser desenvolvidas e/ou aprofundadas para terem acesso ao ensino remoto emergencial adotado pela IES. Ao mesmo tempo, visualizam oportunidades de aprender de forma mais dinâmica e flexível.
Sequência de ensino e aprendizagem sobre radioatividade pautada na perspectiva Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS)
Authors: Monteiro Maria Daiane Da Silva , Da Silva Suely Alves
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo trata de um recorte da dissertação de uma das autoras que teve por objetivo elaborar uma Sequência de Ensino e Aprendizagem (SEA), pautada na perspectiva Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS), no estudo do conteúdo de Radioatividade, tendo por tema estruturador “radioatividade: riscos e benefícios”. Apresentamos aqui a SEA elaborada, com base nas ideias de Méheut (2005) e Méheut e Psillos (2004), e para análise dos dados, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), a qual evidencia que a introdução de estratégias didáticas nas quais a contextualização dos conteúdos químicos transcende exemplos cotidianos e estende a visão de mundo dos estudantes para as grandes questões sociais que os rodeiam, são fundamentais. Principalmente, na abordagem de conteúdos que apresentam abstração e dualidade, como a radioatividade. Portanto, este trabalho busca contribuir com propostas de ensino que envolvam aspectos inter-relacionados com a tríade CTS e na promoção de uma aprendizagem crítica dos estudantes.
A sala de aula no contexto de (Pós) pandemia: ressignificando conteúdos de Ciências a partir de textos escreviventes
Authors: Nascimento Brenda Iolanda Silva do , De Carvalho Iago Vilaça , Gomes da Costa Fernanda Antunes
Published: December 2020

O contexto pandêmico impôs muitos desafios à Educação: acesso a aulas remotas, estratégias pedagógicas envolvendo docentes, discentes e família e, certamente, a urgência em abordar conteúdos que problematizem as dificuldades no enfrentamento da pandemia. Diante disso, este artigo se propõe a discutir, a partir de uma abordagem teórica, de que forma questões sociais agravadas pela chegada da COVID-19, como o acesso ao saneamento básico e à água, podem vir à tona na sala de aula de Ciências a partir de narrativas que emergem do cotidiano dos grupos mais atingidos pelo novo coronavírus. Acreditamos, assim, ser possível tecer uma Educação em Ciências comprometida com seu papel social e engajada ao enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais acentuadas na pandemia. Para isso, partimos das contribuições intelectuais de Paulo Freire, bell hooks, Carolina Maria de Jesus e Conceição Evaristo a fim de tecer reflexões acerca da importância da ressignificação dos conteúdos da Educação em Ciências.