bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model of optimum integration of diverse geodata for the benefit of management of forestry
Authors: Istomin E , Stepanov S , Petrov Y , Kolbina O , Sidorenko A
Published: September 2019

The description of model of optimization of processing of the diverse space distributed data is provided in work. Approach to implementation of consolidation of information from different sources is considered. The control algorithm of diverse data taking into account filtering of fragments of all arrays of information is provided. Key information and technical aspects of application of model of processing of diverse geodata for the solution of tasks of management of forestry are described.
Consideration of soil quality in landscape and urban planning (by the example of Saint-Petersburg)
Authors: Kapelkina L , Melnichuk I
Published: September 2019

The article considers peculiarities of the urban environment, factors of negative influence on soils and green plantations which should be treated in landscape and urban planning process. The basic properties of urban soils, their pollution by heavy metals, pesticides benzo(a)pyrene are highlighted. The general requirements to the urban soils for creation of green plantings in megacities are formulated.
Selection of nuclear microsatellite loci for specific identification of Larix gmélinii Rupr. and comparison of genetic profiles of Larix to solve agricultural problems
Authors: Amyaga E , Nifontov S
Published: September 2019

Preservation and study of forest plant species diversity is one of the fundamental challenges of modern botany, genetics, and dendrology. Genetic structure determines variability and controls adaptation mechanisms, letting every population adapt to environmental conditions. The most topical issue is genetic study of valuable forest species to ensure their integrity, specific identification, and control over wood origin. One of such environmentally and economically important coniferous species in our country is larch (Larix). Currently, there is a problem to use azonal larch species for reforestation in Russia, particularly in the Russian Far East. In this regard, selection of genetic markers that let us detect differences between Larix gmélinii Rupr. and Larix sibírica Ledeb. and their subspecies is a crucial and relevant task.
Comparative characteristics and germination of Pinus sibirica seeds collected from places of natural growth and in the St. Petersburg Botanical garden of Peter the Great
Authors: Karamysheva A , Trofimuk L , Priyatkin N , Arkhipov M , Sshukina P
Published: September 2019

In this article sowing qualities of Pinus Sibirica seeds are studied as well as the effectiveness of various germination stimulants. The seeds were collected in various regions of growth, such as Novosibirsk, Republic of Tyva and St. Petersburg’s Botanical garden of Peter the Great. Also, strobil biometrics and digital x-ray analysis of seeds are presented. The results of application of 6 different stimulators of seed germination according to their absolute and soil germination, germination dynamics, growth biometric indicators are presented as well.
Some peculiarities of burnt birch wood pyrolysis
Authors: Khalimov E , Shteba T , Yuryev Y
Published: September 2019

Abstracts. The results of thermal analysis of sound and burnt birch wood samples were compared. An attempt was made to establish a connection between the type of the TG, DTG and DSC curves and the mechanism of wood pyrolysis. The dependence of the exothermic effect of the pyrolysis process on the oxygen content in the original wood is shown.
Determination of torsional resonant frequencies of a tree
Authors: Khegai V , Savich V , Mihitarov A
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the applgication of vibration, in particular torsional vibrations in the creation of machines for the uprooting of entire trees with the root system. However, the use of vibration can be effective only if the correct frequency response is selected depending on the frequency characteristics of the tree and the mechanism. On the basis of the created mathematical model, the spectrum of resonance frequencies of torsional vibrations of the tree is determined. The obtained results make it possible to select the frequency characteristics of the vibration device depending on the parameters of the tree.
Modification of urea- and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives by natural fillers for the production of plywood
Authors: Chubinsky A , Rusakov D , Varankina G , Brutian K , Fedyaev A
Published: September 2019

For the manufacture of plywood and chipboard are used urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde hot curing adhesives. When it is necessary to reduce the content of toxic substances, to increase the strength and reliability of gluing, other properties of adhesive bonding heat urea and phenol-formaldehyde resins are modified. Urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins were used for research. Urea-formaldehyde resin was modified with technical lignosulfonates with particle sizes of 0.01-0.2 mm, shungites with particle sizes of 0.2-0.8 mm, black shales with particle sizes of 0.005-0.2 mm and aluminosilicates with particle sizes of 0.2 - 0.8 mm. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was modified with pectol, black shales with particle sizes of 0.005-0.2, technical lignosulfonates with particle sizes of 0.01-0.2, and cold sludge from aluminum production with particle sizes of 0.01-0.2. A comparative analysis revealed that all the modifiers under study improve the physicochemical parameters of urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins, increase the performance properties of glued materials from wood. Plywood was tested for shear strength over the adhesive layer and for the content of free formaldehyde in accordance with Russian standards. Modification of urea and phenol-formaldehyde resins with the proposed substances increases the strength of plywood, at the same time reducing the free formaldehyde content in products.
Problem of temporary logging roads` inventory as real estate items
Authors: Kovyazin V , Romanenko M
Published: September 2019

The article focuses on the question of temporary logging roads' studying as real estate items. The relevance of research is proved by need of effectivization of land and forest resources use while road infrastructure seating. Strategic aim of research is advanced technology development of compartment description of temporary logging roads. The main research objectives are: economic importance definition of temporary logging roads, uncovering geographical and climatic conditions providing possibility of road's functioning, reviewing methodological approach of their accounting and systematization. Today there is no system concept of problem solving as relating to transport infrastructure on forest lands. Land law doesn't properly regulate construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure, and lessee's rights who are engaged in construction and operation of temporary logging roads under terms of forest lands' lease are not defined. Besides, seasonal temporary logging roads are not included into the list of regional or local roads and they are not presented in area planning schemes. Therefore, problem solution demands further scientific and methodical development.
Fuzzy simulation of forest road surface parameters
Authors: Kruchinin I N , Pobedinsky V V , Kovalev R N
Published: September 2019

Annotation

The problem of construction of forest roads with the use of local low-strength substandard materials and industrial waste is considered. To solve the problem, the primary task is to develop a method for estimating the parameters of road surfaces taking into account the conditions of uncertainties in the data. This technique allows us to reasonably clarify some of the regulatory parameters and improve the technology of construction of forest roads, which was the goal of the work. To formalize the task, experimental studies were performed and on the basis of these results, the statement of the task of fuzzy derivation of the function for estimating the bearing capacity of the coating was performed. The synthesis of the output function is performed by means of Matlab.
Changes of ultimate analysis and properties of solid and gas phases at the heating wood in an inert medium. A new view
Authors: Levin A B , Lopatnikov M V , Khromenko A V
Published: September 2019

A new approach to the study and description of the process of thermal destruction of wood when heated in an inert environment (torrefication and pyrolysis) is presented. Dependencies for determining the sequence of changes in the ultimate analysis of wood at the destruction process are proposed. Dependencies for determining the calorific value and volatile matter for the solid phase as a function of the ultimate analysis, as well as for determining the ultimate analysis and calorific value of volatile matter are proposed. A possibility of extending the method to other fuels of plant origin (straw, peat, coal) is shown. It has been suggested that standard methods do not accurately determine the moisture content of wood.
Assessment of coarse woody debris stock in Russian forests based on state forest inventory data
Authors: Malysheva N , Filipchuk A , Zolina T
Published: September 2019

The study presents the large-scale assessment relating to the volume of coarse woody debris (CWD), i.e. standing dead trees, downed wood and stumps, in the forests of the Russian Federation. The results of the quantitative estimation of the stocks of snags, downed wood and stumps based on direct field measurements in 27,403 SFI (State Forest Inventory) permanent sample plots that are representative for 15 forest regions. The average total volume of woody detritus is estimated to be 29.22±9.7 m3/ha. The snags makes up 40.3%, downed wood – 55.3%, and stumps – 4.4% of the total CWD. The volume of above- and on-ground woody detritus to average live wood volume ratio is estimated to be 14.6±4.4%, including 5.82±1.8% for standing dead trees, 8.15±3.1% for downed wood and 0.67±0.4% for stumps. The highest volumes of woody detritus on average were found in the forest-steppe zone of European Russia, coniferous and broadleaved forests of the Far East and European Russia, and mountainous forests of South Siberia. The advantages of using the qualitatively new information acquired from SFI materials, for the more exact estimation of the volumes of the above - and on-ground woody detritus have revealed.
Some features of forest cluster management
Authors: Medvedev S
Published: September 2019

The article addresses the problem of effective management of forest industry cluster. Cluster is a promising organizational form in the industry. However, creating a cluster is a difficult task. The article shows the need to create a single governing body. The principal structure of the cluster and its main elements are highlighted.
Triterpene alcohols and sterols of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) needles
Authors: Mikson D S , Roshchin V I
Published: September 2019

The composition of triterpene alcohols and sterols in the fraction of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) conifer needles is considered in paper. The needles areextracted with propan-2-ol; resinous substances are extracted with petroleum ether (40–70°C);substances extracted with petroleum ether are divided into free acids and neutral substances. Neutral substances are separated in a silica gel column; eluent - petroleum ether supplemented with diethyl ether. The isolated esters fraction is hydrolyzed with potassium hydroxide in ethanol, and the “bound” acids are separated from unsaponifiable substances. Non-saponified substances are separated by chromatography into 5 fractions of phytosterols, the alcohol components of esters. The fractions are acetylated; the alcohol acetates are separatedonsilica gel with added silver nitrate. The isolated compounds was identified by NMR and GC-MS methods. Cycloartenol (6.82%, hereafter based onunsaponifiable substances), 24-methylenecycloartanol (6.75%), citrastadienol (7.69%), sitosterol (7.18%), cycloevcalenol (0.09%) are identified, obtussifoliol (0.01%), 24-methylenelophenol (0.10%), methyllophenol (1.84%) and campesterol (0.33%).
Grapho-analytical modelling of technological chain of logging operations in dynamic natural and production conditions
Authors: Mokhirev A , Rukomojnikov K
Published: September 2019

Different variants of technological chain can be organized in logging process. Water or land types of transport can be used for transportation of timber. The use of timber landings where wood can be processed also increases the number of multiple variants of technological process. Performance of operations in various natural and production environment differs in productivity and material costs. Production efficiency depends on the choice of technology of logging operations in dynamic natural and production environment. The given research suggests the variant of the grapho-analytical model for solution of the set task. Detailed graphic models of transportation of wood from logging unit to consumer, loading /unloading and processing operations at the intermediate and lower timber landing are developed. They show possible options of technological chains of logging process. Mathematical dependences are shown on the basis of the problem of finding the maximum flow of minimum cost in the suggested dynamic network. They define the conditions for solution of the set problem.
Modelling the growth tables of the oak stands of seed origin of the Voronezh region by type of forest growing conditions
Authors: Musiyevsky A
Published: September 2019

Growth rate tables (GRT) used by the forest industry, as a rule, are built according to yield class and have a utilitarian focus. Based on forest inventory data, we built multidimensional models and GRTs for oak (Querqus robur L.) stands for 10 types of forest growing conditions, reflecting the dynamics of forest inventory indicators depending on the age and basal area of stands, and the abundance of oak in the overall species composition. The obtained GRTs in the age range of 10-300 years, for the basal area in the range of 0.3-1.0 and the share of oak in the overall species composition of 1-10 units, can be used in surveys of oak stands based on the measurements of the average heights, diameters and sums of cross-sectional areas.
Monitoring the development and forecasting of the mass reproduction (gradation) outbreaks of the Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. in the Khabarovsk region
Authors: Nifontov S V , Savchenko A A , Gridnev A N
Published: September 2019

The article describes the probability of the Dendrolimus sibiricus outbreaks in the Khabarovsk region based on the methodology developed by ARRISMF (All-Russian Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry). The history of outbreaks, their occurrence and intensity were analyzed. Results of field studies with direct census methodsand reasonable forecast for 2019 are also described.
Development of the regional innovation system in the Forest industry of Irkutsk province based on institutional changes
Authors: Dayneko D , Dayneko A , Peshkov V , Matveeva M
Published: September 2019

The work presents innovative development issues in the Forest industry of Irkutsk province. The development of the regional innovation system is suggested for sustainable Forest industry management. The key components of which are technological, product, institutional, and ecological innovations, as well as, innovative entrepreneurship. The main hypothesis stated is the assumption that analysis and evaluation of effectiveness of innovations and institutional changes is an important tool for strategic planning of the innovative development of the Forest industry. The cross-sectional regression models are presented for evaluation of innovations in the Forest industry based on the expert’s opinions, derived via direct questionnaires. The prospective directions of institutional changes in the Forest industry and program of innovative and institutional changes are suggested for implementation.
Analysis of dendroflora of urbanized territories using the city of Vladikavkaz as an example
Authors: Okazova Z , Kusova N , Agaeva F , Bigaeva I
Published: September 2019

Urbanization is the main form of human adaptation to the environment. The increase in the area of urban areas and the level of development of urban areas is an objective reality at the present stage. Vladikavkaz in this regard is no exception. The purpose of the study is to analyse the dendroflora of urbanized areas using the city of Vladikavkaz as an example. The studywas conducted in 2012-2018 in the city of Vladikavkaz. The study recorded about 60,000 trees belonging to 50 species. The studied trees were part of common and restricted use green areas: green ribbons along central streets including plots attached to shopping and administrative centres, as well as the largest parks, boulevards, and public gardens of the city of Vladikavkaz. We established that the species composition on the territory of Vladikavkaz is quite diverse; however, prerequisites exist for its expansion, which would improve the ecological situation in the city.
Isolation of shikimic acid from Picea abies needles. The future prospects
Authors: Ozhimkova E V , Korotkova E M , Sulman M G , Sulman E M , Molchanov V P
Published: September 2019

The composition and concentration of hydrophilic extractives in Picea abies needles were studied. The optimal time for harvesting of spruce needles for shikimic acid production was evaluated. The concentration of shikimic acid was ranging from 4.7 mg/g of spruce needles harvested in August to 94.7 mg/g of spruce needles harvested in November.
Risk management of forest fire occurrence
Authors: Petrov V N , Katkova T E , Vinogradova E V
Published: September 2019

This academic paper is devoted to the issue of how to reduce forest fire damage through affecting the fire causes. Forest fire causes are a subject of random probability. Adequate forest management is not possible when there is lack of precise information about when and where a forest fire may occur. When there are no ways and methods to influence the reasons of forest fires occurrence, the likelihood of a wrong decision is directly proportional to the negative consequences of forest fires. The research purpose was to develop mechanisms of risk management taking into account the cause and effect relation between human activities, natural phenomena and occurrence of forest fire. The risk as economic category is the target of the research. The scope of the research encompasses the process of decision-taking in forest management with regards to forest preservation from fires under the conditions of unpredictability. The research was based on a comprehensive approach to the problem and used contemporary regulations of sustainable forest management and global experience in forestry relationship. It was suggested to classify the causes of forest fires in groups. Probability of forest fires occurrence was estimated in accordance with various causes. There was introduced an approach of forest fire risk management based on strategic risk management. The results of the research can be used by scientific institutions, as well as by forestry companies while planning environmental protection measures. The research can proceed towards assessment and forecasting of fire risks in forestry at the national and international levels.
Disturbance analyses of forest cover dynamics using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Polevshchikova Iu
Published: September 2019

Study of forest cover disturbance and its driving forces is one of the most significant areas in global environmental change research. Natural factors affecting forest disturbances are among the most significant drivers transforming the earth. Due to this reason remote sensing technologies take an important place in such research. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are widely used for forest cover monitoring under climate change and human impact but the lack of reliable information on forest use changes remains a major challenge of today. The purpose of this paper is a disturbance analysis of forest cover dynamics using remote sensing and GIS technologies. The research covers the changes in forest caused by different types of natural disturbance (forest fires, cutting, windfalls) and socio-economic factors (forestry reforms) in the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation. This paper discusses the forest cover monitoring technique using satellite information and conducting assessments of forest cover disturbances that can be beneficial for the further research affecting changes over different time scales.
Russian Forestry Planning: Forestry Revenue and Expenditures
Authors: Pryadilina N
Published: September 2019

The expenditure-revenue comparison of forestry in market conditions is becoming a pressing issue. For the government, expenditures are tied to forest management costs, and revenue is generated in the form of payments for forest use. At the same time, the target of budget forestry funding is parcels of forest reserve land that are not leased. Forest management within the borders of leased forest lands is carried out by the tenants at their own expense, while continuing to make lease payments. As studies have shown, expenditures for all budget levels of forestry management in the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2017 consistently exceeded revenue from forest use. One of the key problems in Russian forestry is underfunding. Given these conditions, this industry’s existing systems of budgeting and revenue increases must be transformed. This paper offers recommendations on how to change the current situation.
Landscape and environmental properties of the european russian wood species
Authors: Dobrovolsky A A , Kireev D M , Lebedev P A , Nguen Ch T , Sergeeva V L
Published: September 2019

The article presentsoriginal methodology of ecological evaluation of areas based on ecological modes. The know-how is based on evaluation of the following ecological modes: nutrient status (N), water content (W), friability (F), mobility (M), cryolithic zonation (C), flooding (Fl), drainage (Dr), and disturbance (D). It describes ecological areas and ecological optimums for major forest-forming species that comprise forest communities in the European Russian landscapes based on the analysis of environmental properties. The environmental properties of the wood species analysed make it possible to identify the ecotopes of species distribution, explain thestructures of forest communities, and define the types of land facies with ecological modes that may prevent a speciesfrom appearing in the area. The analysed datamakes it possible to define the ecological modes wherea forest speciesgrowunder optimum conditions and achieves the best increment and development.
Application of GIS-technologies in inventories of cultural heritage objects by the example of Kharitonov garden, Yekaterinburg
Authors: Shevlyakova M I , Atkina L I
Published: September 2019

This study examines the use of GIS-materials of various specifications for the inventories of objects of cultural heritage on the example of the object of federal importance “Kharitonov Palace, XIX century”, the city of Yekaterinburg. The paper presents a detailed algorithm for making vegetation inventories in historical garden-park complexes. A comparative assessment of accuracy of the established standards and the developed methods of inventory process is given. As a result of this approach, it was possible to give a comprehensive description of the entire territory of the Kharitonov garden as part of the restoration and biological assessment of the vegetation, landscape and architectural survey, individual plant inventory of cultural heritage object of federal importance “Kharitonov Palace, XIX century”.
Two-criteria technical and economic optimization of forest transportation problem
Authors: Bazarov S , Belenkiy Yu , Sokolova V , Solovyev A
Published: September 2019

The systematic analysis of optimizing the producer-consumer structure transportation problem is carried out in paper. It is in demand for the timber industry complex. The well-known minimum transportation cost objective is solved as a static problem using the linear programming method. Due to complicated market development conditions, it is necessary to set up and solve the problem of minimizing transportation time (quick performance) as a dynamic problem. Solving it in general case, the transportation cost may be different from the minimum cost determined by the static problem solution. The dynamic problem solution is based on the carrier’s vehicle performance information used for determining the functional time spent per transported product unit. The rational decision making under market conditions is only possible by adopting a compromise obtained on the basis of the multi-criteria optimization theory. The task of determining the compromise area of two-criteria optimization (cost-time minimum ratio) is decided by experts. It is solved using the linear programming method for static and dynamic problems and their linear approximation. To develop a compromise transportation plan becomes the subject of solving the inverse transportation problem. The systemic “producer – transport – consumer” approach is necessary for sustainable timber industry complex development, when the producer-transport system makes up a single production process. Its parameters are determined on the basis of systems theory.
Method of increasing the efficiency of forest machine roll-over protective structure
Authors: Skobtsov I G , Shilovskiy V N
Published: September 2019

Current standards in the field of self-propelled machinery for forestry require equipping tractor cabins with roll-over protective structures (ROPS). It is necessary to reduce the risk of operator’s injuries caused by tractor rollovers or falling trees. This article deals with the way of increasing the energy absorption capacity of forest machine cabin roll-over protective structure. The ability to absorb certain amount of potential energy during deformation is the one of basic requirements to cabin of a forest machine. The risk of injures to the operator is reduced by using energy-absorbing cab support in the construction of roll-over protective structure. The protective effect is attained by plastic strain of cab support elements, that provides operator’s protection during an accidental roll-over. The article presents the design of the cab support, describes its functional principle in the event of an emergency
Problems of natural restoration of forest and green spaces of the resort Caucasian Mineral Waters region
Authors: Slepykh O , Zubko A , Slepykh V , Zubko M
Published: September 2019

In the forests and green spaces of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort region there are observed successions, leading to a decrease in their ecological potential. We defined the sanitary conditions and productivity of artificial and natural stands, collected data on species composition and abundance of trees in these stands and non-forested areas. We also determined the level of optimum illumination for the development of oak undergrowth.
Invasive plant species in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Srodnykh T B , Vishnyakova S V , Luganskaya S N
Published: September 2019

Invasive species – introduced species, spontaneously settled outside their natural range, and successfully adapted to the new growing conditions. The problem of invasive species penetration, both herbaceous and woody, has long been a concern of scientists, their views on this issue being contradictory. In the forest parks of Yekaterinburg there is a significant number of introduced species – invasive species. The occurrence of invasive species was considered in three forest parks of the city. The article shows invasive species high occurrence, wide amplitude of ecological plasticity, lack of response to shade density conditions in forest parks and urban plantations. They easily adapt to the conditions of different shade density and increased recreational load, both in urban areas plantations and in the conditions of a forest park. The studied species can be recommended for use in urban parks and forest parks. Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. and Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch. are quite decorative and can be used both in the formation of edges, landscape groups and as undergrowth species.
The Correlations between Planting Material Quality and Artificial Pine Plantations Parameters
Authors: Sungurova N , Marich S , Alexandrova Yu , Popkova I
Published: September 2019

The creation and cultivation of the conifers artificial plantings depends on the planting material quality. The relationship of the main characteristics of pine planting material (Pinus sylvestris L.) with taxation character of artificial plantations is viewed on the paper. Pine forest trial is located on a long-cut logging site. Standard seedlings and saplings can be divided into three groups based on this stem diameter at the root collar: small, medium and large. This will enable better projection of future fast-growing trees. Trees grown from large seedlings are characterized by the height values. Such growth rates are noted in the future. The dynamic balance is established in this tree stand quickly, from the very initial phases of formation. All trees grow at a very fast pace. The initial plant ratios in size at the time of planting continue to remain constant. By the end of the second class of age, the maximum number of dominants (47% of all surviving) was formed from large planting material. This indicates that the use of selected high-quality planting material in combination with quality soil cultivation will significantly accelerate the growth of trees in the plantation and to receive target-oriented timber assortment 15–20 years earlier.
Effect of atmospheric air pollution on local nitrogen cycles in the urban forest ecosystem
Authors: Bednova O V , Kuznetsov V A
Published: September 2019

In this study, it was shown that in the urban forests bordering highways local disturbances of the nitrogen cycle are observed. In some plots of such forests, zones with a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide may be formed. The mechanisms of this phenomenon were investigated. Using the method of passive dosimetry, nitrogen dioxide absorption rate was estimated at control points in the subcrown space. In the summer period, the light points and the temperature on the soil surface and at a height of 2 m were measured at the control points. It is shown that the formation of internal local zones with a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide in urban forests is regular: surface temperature inversions impede the vertical movement of air, and a decrease in illumination by forest subsurface in comparison with open areas reduces the rate of decomposition of nitrogen dioxide. The influence of these abiotic factors is ambiguous against the background of the transformation of the forest ecosystem during recreational impacts.
The pattern of change in the fertility of podzolic soils in the early stages of natural reforestation
Authors: Vdovichenko V , Bakhmet O
Published: September 2019

The study identified the patterns of change in podzolic soils forming over different parent rocks at early stages of reforestation upon clear-cutting of pine stands. Soils of the first chronosequence, representing Albic Podzol, demonstrated an illuvial distribution of organic matter down the soil profile, with its maximum deposition in the forest litter. As more time passed since logging, mineral horizons gradually got enriched in organic matter, and a thin organo-mineral horizon with elevated carbon and nitrogen content formed under the forest litter by the age of 8 years. The second chronosequence, representing Entic Podzol, displayed a slight reduction in soil richness upon logging, due to intensive humification and mineralization of organic matter. The study found proof that logging using multifunctional machines helps preserve the living ground cover and the top organic horizons in a substantial part of the logging site. Natural reforestation in sites with soils relatively rich in organic matter proceeded through settlement of deciduous species, whereas sites on poor soils were naturally reforested by pine.
The use of herbicides in cultivation of spruce and pine in the Northwest Russia
Authors: Egorov A , Postnikov A , Bubnov A , Pavlyuchenkova L , Partolina A
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the results of field experiments that went on in the Leningrad region for seven years with the aim to test the effect of modern herbicides and their mixtures on unwanted vegetation during the first few years after planting European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We provide data on the effect of herbicides on unwanted vegetation in clear-cut areas and former agricultural lands. We report the high efficiency of some applications of herbicides. For example, a mixture of Roundup, WS (360 g/l acid glyphosate), Anchor-85, WDG (750 g/kg potassium salt of sulfometuron-methyl) and Arsenal, WC (250 g/l imazapyr) suppressed the development of herbaceous weeds during two vegetative seasons. We provide data on the growth of the planted seedlings. We propose an efficient and low-cost method of creating forest plantations, which involves preliminary treatment of the area with a mixture of herbicides and the subsequent planting of pine and spruce seedlings.
Using of knotty wood features in the manufacture of final sawn production
Authors: Vladimirova E , Rykunin S , Shalaev V
Published: September 2019

The objective of the work is the study of the features of knotiness of the produced boards faces and the development of directions for their use in the final sawn timber production. In order to have a quantitative understanding of the knotting peculiarities on the faces of produced boards, the nature of the knots distribution on sawn timber, experimental work was carried out. The initial data collection consisted of the following stages: selection and certification of saw logs, cutting logs into timber and their passporting. For certification boards used the method of photographing. According to passports and photographs, boards were analyzed using AutoCAD and MS Excel. There is a tendency of uneven knots distribution relative to the central axis of the board. The obtained data predetermine the need for further research on the trends of the location of the knots in the trunk. In this case, it is necessary to study not so much a specific trunk; it is required to obtain a pattern of the propagation of knots in forest stands along a group of homogeneous trees. In this case, predicting the location of the knots in the logs can influence the technology.
Sustainable forest management is one of Russia’s economic problems
Authors: Bespalova V , Gedio V , Polyanskaya O , Shaitarova O , Tereshchenko S
Published: September 2019

The world community is increasingly expressing its concern about the rational and cost-effective use of available natural resources. There is a threat of degradation of a large area of the world’s forests, the loss of unique biological systems and biological diversity, and environmental degradation. This is mainly due to insufficient funding. Therefore, new approaches to financing of reforestation are required. This, in turn, requires a different approach to determining the cost of standing timber. When determining the cost of standing timber, one should take into account not only the species composition, but also the quality of tree stands (i.e. assortment composition), road infrastructure (remoteness from public roads and the availability of forest roads for hauling timber and by-products), soils and other factors affecting the cost of transport of forest products. Funds received from the sale of wood resources should be directed to reforestation, the creation of forest infrastructure and the solution of other social and environmental problems.
An Energy Management System for Hybrid Energy Sources-based Stand-alone Marine Microgrid
Authors: Zia M F , Elbouchikhi E , Benbouzid M E H
Published: September 2019

Microgrids are becoming a viable solution for satisfying energy demand of rural and remote areas. Indeed, energy demand of islands can be met by renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and micro-conventional generation sources-based microgrid systems. The optimal scheduling of these energy sources requires an energy management system for microgrids. Bretagne region in France has huge potential in marine renewable energy sources. Therefore, islands in this region can use tidal turbines with other energy sources to meet their local energy consumption. A case study of stand-alone marine microgrid system for Ouessant island is proposed in this paper. The considered microgrid includes PV system, tidal turbine, diesel generator, and Li-ion battery. The architecture and optimal scheduling of the developed microgrid system is presented to reduce operating and maintenance costs. The developed energy management architecture can help microgrid systems planning for islands in the near future.
Roles and Challenges of Network Sensors in Smart Cities
Authors: Alharbi N , Soh B
Published: September 2019

The study in this paper is in response to an increasingly technological and connected world. Scientific discoveries, engineering achievements, and social dynamics have led to the evolution of human societies. In the last two decades, ways in which people interact and live have changed, mainly because of the new technologies. In this paper, we explore the roles and challenges of network sensors as elements of a smart city and propose solutions and implications to address the challenges.
A 3P4SW Based UPQC to Improve Power Quality in Medium Voltage Distribution System
Authors: Senthil Vadivu U , Keshavan B K
Published: September 2019

The adverse effect of power quality issues on power distribution system due to power electronics based controllers has tremendously increased in the modern power system; therfore, it is highly desired to design a novel power quality conditioner with a minimum number of switches to compensate voltage and current distortions. This proposed configuration reduces switching losses and also effectively alleviates the performance of the power quality conditioner. This paper introduces a configuration of 3P4SW (Three Phase Four Switch) UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) for both shunt and series APF (Active Power Filter) which can be implemented in medium voltage power grid. The major challenge of phase balance with only four switches in UPQC is accomplished by adaptive Self-tuning PID using neuro-fuzzy logic control and adaptive reference current generation scheme. This controller improves sag and swells compensation with better angle control via shunt and series converter performance and passive components design. The efficacy of proposed topology is tested on MATLAB/Simulink software and results are compared with the existing three phase six switch configuration (3P6SW).
Predictive Torque Control of Three-level Sparse Neutral Point Clamped Inverter fed IPMSM Drives using Simplified Deadbeat Principle
Authors: Zhang Xinan , Foo Gilbert , Tung Ngo
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a predictive torque control for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) driven by three-level sparse neutral point clamped inverter. It contributes to greatly diminish the torque and flux ripples by using predictions and three voltage levels. To precisely synthesize the voltage vectors, deadbeat principle is employed. Different from existing works, the proposed control method is implemented in stationary reference frame, eliminating coordinate transformations. Furthermore, one cycle delay is compensated through predictions. In addition, to further reduce the torque and flux ripples, three-level sparse neutral point clamped inverter (3L-SNPCI) is employed. In comparison with other types of three-level inverters, it utilizes fewer power semiconductors and has alleviated neutral point voltage fluctuation problem. Space vector modulation is employed to generate the switching signals for the 3L-SNPCI. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by experimental results.
Theoretical Analysis of a Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System for Energy Generation in Kutch Region
Authors: Desai A , Ray A , Mukhopadhyay I
Published: September 2019

Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System that uses renewable sources to supply power to grid to meet the power requirement. Theoretical Mathematical Modeling and its Generation analysis showed that solar radiation and wind are the most important physical variables for the Solar PV-Wind power system design. The study proposes Solar PV-Wind based system, affordable by local government standards to respond to the electricity demand of that state, is the one with an irradiance between 2.6 to 7 kWh/Day/m2 and wind speed between 6.6 to 15.5 miles per hour. The annual average daily yield, annual average monthly yield and total average Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) are 5 kWh/kWp/Day, 157 kWh/kWp/Month and 21 % Respectively for solar pv-wind hybrid power system total Generation for Kutch region. The model shows that with the help of Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System we can forecast the energy generation of minimum 30 % and maximum 70 % energy generation which can be utilize in state with the modification of existing infrastructure hence infrastructure cost can be saved and waste land between the wind mills can also be utilized.
Problems of low emission in Poland in sectoral terms
Authors: Dzikuć M , Piwowar A , Dzikuć M
Published: September 2019

The problem of low emission in Poland has been unresolved for many years. One should be aware that when planning activities to reduce low emission, it is necessary to determine in which sectors of the national economy the problem is the most serious. In this way, it will be possible to intensify activities in areas that contribute the most to the emission of pollutants entering the air. For the purposes of analyses undertaken in this publication, low emission should be defined as pollution, which enters the air at a height not exceeding 40 meters from the ground level. The aim of the article was to identify problems related to the creation of low emission in Poland in sectoral terms.
Operational Cost reduction of PV-PHS systems in farmhouses: Modelling, Design, and Experimental validation
Authors: Mousavi Navid , Kothapalli Ganesh , Habibi Daryoush , Das Choton K
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a PV-PHS system designed for farmhouses to reduce electricity costs. This study uses existing irrigation systems to store surplus energy coming from PVs in the form of gravitation potential energy. The storage is a type of pumped hydro storage (PHS) system using a water well as the lower reservoir. A comprehensive PHS model is presented and tested with the experiment setup to accurately estimate the stored water. An energy management system (EMS) is designed to manage the stored water to reduce electricity costs without disturbing irrigation functionality. The proposed system is tested in an experimental setup to validate the performance of the system. Then the PV-PHS system is simulated in MATLAB to show the results with a high efficiency pump and turbine. The proposed PHS system reduced the operational cost of the farmhouse by 71.5%.
Privacy and Security Challenges and Solutions in IOT: A review
Authors: Alhalafi N , Veeraraghavan Prakash
Published: September 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that heavily relies on the network infrastructure to connect large number of devices whose main purpose is to collect data and communicate among one another in the bid to enhance their decision-making capabilities. However, with this great evolution comes various challenges that threatens the information technology industry; these include security and privacy issues. The presence of a large number of interconnected technologies open a grey area in the IT field which has been worsened by the lack of capacity of various institutions to identify, assess and monitor important components to ensure compliance with security policies. Thus, there is need for a clear understanding of the issues at hand and how they can be solved in order to fully harness this capability.
A Numerical Approach for Buildings Reduced Thermal Model Parameters Evaluation
Authors: Boodi Abhinandana , Beddiar Karim , Amirat Yassine , Benbouzid Mohamed
Published: September 2019

This paper introduces an efficient PSO-based optimization method to identify parametric values of buildings reduced thermal RC network models. A high order reference model representing energy flow through building envelope is developed based on Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. Thermal network models performance with random resistance and capacitance values are compared with a reference model then PSO is used for parameters identification to match the actual reference model thermal dynamics. The accuracy and computational cost of these optimized models are validated against reference model for different construction classes. The proposed methodology presents an effective way to develop a reliable thermal network model representing realistic thermal dynamics in building that can be used to improve efficiency of controlling techniques.
A customer-based-strategy to minimize the cost of energy consumption by optimal utilization of energy resources in an apartment building
Authors: Rafique S , Nizami MSH , Irshad UB , Hossain MJ , Town GE
Published: September 2019

Global energy consumption in heating and cooling of buildings and in the transport sector together accounts for approximately two-thirds of total energy consumption. Consequently, it is important to maximize the use of renewable generation energy in these sectors, and to optimize the use of that energy by managing diverse sources and loads. This is particularly challenging in high-density residential premises where the space for such infrastructure is limited, and storage can have significant impact on energy utilization and demand. In this paper, we describe a customer-based strategy (CBS) to optimize the usage of the available energy resources in such scenarios. The effectiveness of the strategy was validated for an apartment block of 20 households with photovoltaic generation (PV) and stationary battery storage (BS) systems, each with a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capable electric vehicle (EV). The modelling used real data for customer demand and included the cost of battery degradation and expected vehicle usage in optimizing resource scheduling. Substantial savings in energy costs were shown to be possible for each customer.
Feasibility of Algae Photobioreactor as Façade in the Office Building in Indonesia
Authors: Ardiani N A , Koerniawan M D , Martokusumo W , Suyono E A , Poerbo H W
Published: September 2019

Algae has a high potential as a renewable energy resource. Recent studies about algae photobioreactor application in the building façade seem promising and the first algae building has been constructed in Hamburg, Germany. However, the application of algae photobioreactor in the hot and humid climate is still limited. This paper will discuss the feasibility of algae photobioreactor as façade in the office building by evaluating the model from Sketchup software. This is a real project of a new office building, named ITB Innovation Park at Institut Teknologi Bandung campus, Jalan Ganesha no. 15. The algae photobioreactor is planned to be installed in the west façade as shading devices and renewable energy resources. It is assumed that the acrylic moulding would work better to reduce leakage issues and the possibility of killing the algae.