bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of Suicide and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Qian Ge
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to examine relationships between suicide and subjective well-being. Correlation and regression analysis are conducted on 81 countries’ aggregate data from United Nation agencies. Generally, suicide is not significantly related to life satisfaction; or negative affect, or positive social emotion, but significantly negatively related to positive self-emotion, or positive interpersonal emotion. In preventing suicide, subjective well-being’s affective aspect might play a more important role than its cognitive aspect, positive affect might play a more important role than negative affect, and the personal aspect of positive affect might play a more important role than the social aspect.
Investigation of a low-stress and low-contamination clamping method for large-aperture optics
Authors: Wang Hui , Long Kai , Zhang Zheng , Yi Congzhi , Quan Xusong , Pei Guoqing
Published: October 2019

Motivated by the need to decrease initial contact seal stress on Nd:glass coated with SiO2 sol–gel film and effectively control the surface contaminants from film debris induced by stress in the assembly process, a novel vacuum clamping method is studied to achieve the purpose of low stress and low contamination. In this article, theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and field experiments are used to verify the feasibility of this method. Mechanical simulation results indicate that under the same radial compression conditions, the higher the hollowness of the O-ring rubber, the less the contact stress on Nd:glass. In addition, microstructures of the SiO2 sol–gel film are observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the damage mechanism is analyzed in order to optimize assembly stress. By optimizing the distribution of hollowness, the honeycomb structure is proved to have lower contact stress due to its larger deformation. Finally, experimental results verify that the low-stress vacuum clamping method can meet the strict surface cleanliness requirements of Nd:glass. This study also provides a promising method for clean assembly of other large-aperture optics.
Mentoring, modeling, and mandating Leadership influences on the perceptions and activities of church planters in West Africa
Authors: Jester J. Stephen
Published: October 2019

The rapid growth of Christianity in Africa in the last three decades is attributed to the aggressive activity of local church planters in their efforts to evangelize and missionize their contexts. Key factors represent important leadership influences serving as catalysts for the rapid increase in the number of new faith communities. Research data in the contexts of Anglophone Nigeria and Francophone Togo demonstrate that leaders serve a vital function in motivating church planters through mentoring, modeling, and mandating church-planting activity.
Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Deficits in Self-Control? A Test Among Two Independent Samples of Youth
Authors: Meldrum Ryan C. , Campion Young Brae , Soor Sadhika , Hay Carter , Copp Jennifer E. , Trace Madison , Smith-Darden Joanne P. , Kernsmith Poco D.
Published: October 2019

A large body of research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavior outcomes, including delinquent and criminal behavior. To date, relatively little research considers whether experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is associated with lower self-control. We advance this area of research by first articulating potential mechanisms through which ACEs may impact self-control. We then investigate whether experiencing more ACEs is inversely associated with self-control in separate samples of youth from Michigan and Florida. For both samples, results indicate that experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is negatively associated with self-control. Exploratory analyses also indicate that ACEs reflecting interpersonal maltreatment are more strongly associated with deficits in self-control than ACEs pertaining to aspects of household dysfunction.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Comparison of Idiopathic BPPV and BPPV Secondary to Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Türk Bilge , Akpinar Meltem , Kaya Kerem Sami , Korkut Arzu Yasemin , Turgut Suat
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to reveal clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) through comparing idiopathic BPPV and BPPV secondary to vestibular neuritis (VN). The clinical data of the 189 BPPV patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital including otolaryngological, audiological, vestibular, neurological, and radiological evaluations were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV (n = 145) and BPPV secondary to VN (n = 44) were grouped as I and II, respectively. The clinical data of 2 groups were compared. The findings of the study showed that the patients with secondary BPPV due to VN are much younger, have symptoms of only posterior semicircular canal involvement, and require more treatments compared to patients with idiopathic BPPV. The clinical features of patients with BPPV secondary to VN and idiopathic BPPV differ on several aspects. More extensive studies are needed to investigate the underlying etiology in patients with BPPV encountered after VN.
Mastoid Reconstruction With Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Pate After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , Saber Ibrahim M. , Omar Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Mastoid reconstruction principle had been described to overcome problems of chronic discharging cavity. Different materials were used; nonbiologic materials seem to be less preferred. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could promote the regeneration of mineralized tissues. In this work, the authors present a simple and easy technique for mastoid reconstruction with PRP and cortical bone pate.

Methods:

The study design is a case series. Patients had mastoid reconstruction after canal wall down mastoidectomy using PRP and cortical bone pate.

Results:

This study included 21 patients: 9 males, and 12 females. Sixteen patients had left side disease. All surgical procedures were conducted smoothly within 90 to 135 minutes with no stressful events had been reported. At 12 to 16 months of follow-up, external canal stenosis and mastoid fistulas were not reported. Good healing of the tympanic membrane was seen in 18 patients. No radiological signs suggestive of recurrence were detected and the reconstructed mastoid cavity was smooth and well aerated. Residual tympanic membrane perforations were detected in 3 patients.

Conclusion:

Autologous materials (PRP and bone pate pate) after canal wall down mastoidectomy appear to be a reliable and effective choice for mastoid reconstruction.
Effects of Daily Parenting Uplifts on Well-being of Mothers with Young Children in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Fu-mei
Published: October 2019

Focusing on mothers with young children, the aim of this study was to understand their daily experiences and the effects of parenting uplifts on mothers’ well-being. This study comprised two parts: In Study 1, we examined and analyzed the daily hassles and uplifts that mothers experience. Two hundred and six married, full-time working mothers with young children were interviewed using Target Complaints instrument. Family was found to be the dominant domain in which both daily hassles and uplifts were experienced. We then compared the intensity of hassles and uplifts among the domains; the intensity for family-based uplifts was the strongest. In Study 2, we further investigated Study 1 findings and examined the effects of parenting uplifts on mothers’ well-being. Three hundred and thirty-six couples filled out questionnaires. We found that parenting uplifts were positively associated with the mothers’ life satisfaction. Finally, the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that fathers’ parenting uplifts influenced the mothers’ life satisfaction.
Determining the presence of a long-term/short-term dilemma for SMEs when adopting strategic orientation to improve performance
Authors: Didonet Simone Regina , Fearne Andrew , Simmons Geoff
Published: October 2019

This study seeks to discuss a potential ‘long-term/short-term dilemma’ for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which could cause tension when adopting two strategic orientations assumed to be complementary – market orientation (MO) and sales orientation (SO). Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the role of MO and SO as mediators of the relationship between business approach and SME performance. An empirical study of 122 SMEs in the UK grocery sector is conducted. The results reveal that an apparent conflict or tension between market and SO seems to exist in practice. SMEs emphasise both strategic orientations as a way of framing their business approach. However, this emphasis does not hold when considering SME performance. The impact of business approach on performance only occurs through MO. There is no observable significance in the mediation of SO on this relationship. Theoretical and managerial implications for SME management literature and practice are developed.
Different preprocessing strategies lead to different conclusions: A [11C]DASB-PET reproducibility study
Authors: Nørgaard Martin , Ganz Melanie , Svarer Claus , Frokjaer Vibe G , Greve Douglas N , Strother Stephen C , Knudsen Gitte M
Published: October 2019

Positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging provides unique possibilities to study biological processes in vivo under basal and interventional conditions. For quantification of PET data, researchers commonly apply different arrays of sequential data analytic methods (“preprocessing pipeline”), but it is often unknown how the choice of preprocessing affects the final outcome. Here, we use an available data set from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled [11C]DASB-PET study as a case to evaluate how the choice of preprocessing affects the outcome of the study. We tested the impact of 384 commonly used preprocessing strategies on a previously reported positive association between the change from baseline in neocortical serotonin transporter binding determined with [11C]DASB-PET, and change in depressive symptoms, following a pharmacological sex hormone manipulation intervention in 30 women. The two preprocessing steps that were most critical for the outcome were motion correction and kinetic modeling of the dynamic PET data. We found that 36% of the applied preprocessing strategies replicated the originally reported finding ( p < 0.05). For preprocessing strategies with motion correction, the replication percentage was 72%, whereas it was 0% for strategies without motion correction. In conclusion, the choice of preprocessing strategy can have a major impact on a study outcome.
Are Implant Choice and Surgical Approach Associated With Biceps Tenodesis Construct Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-regression
Authors: Aida Hiroshi F. , Shi Brendan Y. , Huish Eric G. , McFarland Edward G. , Srikumaran Uma
Published: October 2019

Background:

Despite the increasing use of biceps tenodesis, there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal implant choice (suture anchor vs interference screw) and implant placement (suprapectoral vs subpectoral).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the associations of procedural parameters with the biomechanical performance of biceps tenodesis constructs. The authors hypothesized that ultimate failure load (UFL) would not differ between sub- and suprapectoral repairs or between interference screw and suture anchor constructs and that the number of implants and number of sutures would be positively associated with construct strength.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis.

Methods:

The authors conducted a systematic literature search for studies that measured the biomechanical performance of biceps tenodesis repairs in human cadaveric specimens. Two independent reviewers extracted data from studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-regression was then performed on the pooled data set. Outcome variables were UFL and mode of failure. Procedural parameters (fixation type, fixation site, implant diameter, and numbers of implants and sutures used) were included as covariates. Twenty-five biomechanical studies, representing 494 cadaveric specimens, met the inclusion criteria.

Results:

The use of interference screws (vs suture anchors) was associated with a mean 86 N–greater UFL (95% CI, 34-138 N; P = .002). Each additional suture used to attach the tendon to the implant was associated with a mean 53 N–greater UFL (95% CI, 24-81 N; P = .001). Multivariate analysis found no significant association between fixation site and UFL. Finally, the use of suture anchors and fewer number of sutures were both independently associated with lower odds of native tissue failure as opposed to implant pullout.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that fixation with interference screws, rather than suture anchors, and the use of more sutures are associated with greater biceps tenodesis strength, as well as higher odds of native tissue failure versus implant pullout. Although constructs with suture anchors show inferior UFL compared with those with interference screws, incorporation of additional sutures may increase the strength of suture anchor constructs. Supra- and subpectoral repairs provide equivalent biomechanical strength when controlling for potential confounders.
Comparisons of the Association of Family and Social Factors With Functional Limitations Across the United States, Mexico, and South Korea: Findings From the HRS Family of Surveys
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Pryor Loree , Wong Rebeca , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Reistetter Timothy A.
Published: October 2019

Objective: The association of family and social factors with the level of functional limitations was examined across the United States, Mexico, and Korea. Method: Participants included adults from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study ( n = 10,017), Mexican Health and Aging Study ( n = 6,367), and Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging ( n = 4,134). A common functional limitation scale was created based on Rasch analysis with a higher score indicating better physical function. Results: The American older adults (3.65 logits) had better physical function compared with Mexican (2.81 logits) and Korean older adults (1.92 logits). There were different associations of family and social factors with functional limitations across the three countries. Discussion: The American older adults demonstrated less functional limitation compared with Mexican and Korean older adults at the population level. The findings indicate the need to interpret carefully the individual family and social factors associated with functional limitations within the unique context of each country.
Artificial neural network for Gaussian and non-Gaussian random fatigue loading analysis
Authors: Durodola JF
Published: October 2019

There has been a lot of work done on the analysis of Gaussian loading analysis perhaps because its occurrence is more common than non-Gaussian loading problems. It is nevertheless known that non-Gaussian load occurs in many instances especially in various forms of transport, land, sea and space. Part of the challenge with non-Gaussian loading analysis is the increased number of variables that are needed to model the loading adequately. Artificial neural network approach provides a versatile means to develop models that may require many input variables in order to achieve applicable predictive generalisation capabilities. Artificial neural network has been shown to perform much better than existing frequency domain methods for random fatigue loading under stationary Gaussian load forms especially when mean stress effects are included. This paper presents an artificial neural network model with greater predictive capability than existing frequency domain methods for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian loading analysis. Both platykurtic and leptokurtic non-Gaussian loading cases were considered to demonstrate the scope of application. The model was also validated with available SAE experimental data, even though the skewness and kurtosis of the signal in this case were mild.
Increasing Vegetable Intake by Emphasizing Tasty and Enjoyable Attributes: A Randomized Controlled Multisite Intervention for Taste-Focused Labeling
Authors: Turnwald Bradley P. , Bertoldo Jaclyn D. , Perry Margaret A. , Policastro Peggy , Timmons Maureen , Bosso Christopher , Connors Priscilla , Valgenti Robert T. , Pine Lindsey , Challamel Ghislaine , Gardner Christopher D. , Crum Alia J.
Published: October 2019

Healthy food labels tout health benefits, yet most people prioritize tastiness in the moment of food choice. In a preregistered intervention, we tested whether taste-focused labels compared with health-focused labels increased vegetable intake at five university dining halls throughout the United States. Across 137,842 diner decisions, 185 days, and 24 vegetable types, taste-focused labels increased vegetable selection by 29% compared with health-focused labels and by 14% compared with basic labels. Vegetable consumption also increased. Supplementary studies further probed the mediators, moderators, and boundaries of these effects. Increased expectations of a positive taste experience mediated the effect of taste-focused labels on vegetable selection. Moderation tests revealed greater effects in settings that served tastier vegetable recipes. Taste-focused labels outperformed labels that merely contained positive words, fancy words, or lists of ingredients. Together, these studies show that emphasizing tasty and enjoyable attributes increases vegetable intake in real-world settings in which vegetables compete with less healthy options.
Do State Opioid Policies Influence Nonprofit Hospitals’ Decisions to Address Substance Abuse in Their Communities?
Authors: Franz Berkeley , Cronin Cory E. , Skinner Daniel , Pagán José A.
Published: October 2019

The U.S. epidemic of opioid abuse calls for broad collaboration between a wide range of health care institutions and the various levels of government. Through the community benefit programs they provide, nonprofit hospitals are well positioned to be key partners in local efforts. Although substance abuse appears on approximately 90% of the most recent community health needs assessments completed by hospitals, many hospitals are not addressing substance abuse in their programmatic efforts. Given wide state variation in policies to combat opioid abuse, we assess whether state leadership to address the opioid crisis influences hospital decisions to invest in substance abuse programs. Our findings suggest that several key state policies are related to hospital investments in substance abuse initiatives. To capitalize on the community benefit responsibilities of local hospitals, policies that provide specific direction for and engagement with local hospitals may increase cooperation and investments to address substance abuse.
An observational study on the rate of reporting of adverse event on healthcare staff in a mental health setting: An application of Poisson expectation maximisation analysis on nurse staffing data
Authors: Cook Robert M , Jones Sarahjane , Williams Gemma C , Worsley Daniel , Walker Ray , Radford Mark , Leary Alison
Published: October 2019

Evidence highlights the intrinsic link between nurse staffing and expertise, and outcomes for service users of healthcare, and that workforce retention is linked to the clinical and organisational experiences of employees. However, this understanding is less well established in mental health. This study comprises a retrospective observational study carried out on routinely collected data from a large mental healthcare provider. Two databases comprising nurse staffing levels and adverse events were modelled using latent variable methods to account for the presence of multiple underlying behaviours. The analysis reveals a strong dependence of the rate of adverse events on the location and perceived clinical demand of the wards, and a reduction in adverse events where registered nurses exceed ‘clinically required levels’. In the first study of its kind, these findings present significant implications for nursing workforce policy and present an opportunity to not only improve safety but potentially impact nurse retention.
Business Process Management for optimizing clinical processes: A systematic literature review
Authors: De Ramón Fernández Alberto , Ruiz Fernández Daniel , Sabuco García Yolanda
Published: October 2019

Business Process Management is a new strategy for process management that is having a major impact today. Mainly, its use is focused on the industrial, services, and business sector. However, in recent years, it has begun to apply for optimizing clinical processes. So far, no studies that evaluate its true impact on the healthcare sector have been found. This systematic review aims to assess the results of the application of Business Process Management methodology on clinical processes, analyzing whether it can become a useful tool to improve the effectiveness and quality of processes. We conducted a systematic literature review using ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Springer databases. After the electronic search process in different databases, 18 articles met the pre-established requirements. The findings support the use of Business Process Management as an effective methodology to optimize clinical processes. Business Process Management has proven to be a feasible and useful methodology to design and optimize clinical processes, as well as to automate tasks. However, a more comprehensive follow-up of this methodology, better technological support, and greater involvement of all the clinical staff are factors that play a key role for the development of its true potential.
Researching home in social work
Authors: Zufferey Carole , Yu Nilan , Hand Tammy
Published: October 2019

Home and belonging are emerging areas of social work research. Very few studies in the social work discipline critically examine how home is broadly experienced or understood. Whilst the notion of home is contested, social work researchers can explore meanings of home in their quest to understand how social workers can contribute to developing a sense of community and belonging. This article presents the findings of an intersectional qualitative study that explored meanings of home in a capital city of Australia, drawing implications for social work. A thematic analysis of 13 semi-structured interviews found that home was experienced as both a material and emotional place. Home was associated with (1) the material security of housing, including homeownership and the safety of suburbs and neighbourhoods; (2) a connection to multiple homes and the making of home in migration, such as when re-settling in a new country; (3) belonging to a family, including emotional connections to lost family members or acknowledging a supportive family and (4) religious, ethnic and cultural self-expression. This paper argues that researching meanings of home is relevant to social work as a discipline that espouses human rights and social justice because a sense of home is central to the politics of belonging to a safe community and society.
Art as a transformative practice: A participatory action research project with trans* youth
Authors: Asakura Kenta , Lundy Jess , Black Dillon , Tierney Cara
Published: October 2019

Given that promoting social justice is one of the central organizing principles of social work, it comes as no surprise that participatory action research has gained much attention among social work researchers. While much has been written about promising practices of participatory action research with various marginalized communities, there remains a dearth of participatory action research literature that focuses on trans* people, a population often under attack in current socio-political climates. In this paper, we report on a participatory action research project, in which a trans* artist worked closely with trans* youth participants (n = 5) to assist them through a creative project. Using a queer theoretical lens and drawing from the concept of “queer world-making,” the participants recast cultural representations about what it means to be trans* in their chosen artistic medium. This paper suggests that art can serve as a transformative research practice with trans* youth. Our findings suggest that the rhetorical binary of trans* vulnerability and resilience does not adequately represent lived experience. We make this argument by demonstrating the following processes through which youths engaged art in this participatory action research project: (1) countering normative discourses of what it means to be trans*, (2) promoting self- reflection and expression, and (3) facilitating “queer counterpublics.” In so doing, we make an argument for art as a qualitative research process that holds much promise in uncovering and challenging the normative discourse and developing a much more complex and nuanced understanding of what it means to be trans* youth.
Blue light effect on EEG activity – The role of exposure timing and chronotype
Authors: Siemiginowska P , Iskra-Golec I
Published: October 2019

There is growing evidence for monochromatic blue light effects. However, the role of individual differences in it has not yet been explored. The aim of this experiment was to examine whether chronotype could moderate the monochromatic blue light effect on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity with regard to the timing of exposure. The participants were 30 young male volunteers. A within-subjects counterbalanced design was applied. There were two light conditions comparable in luminance: Monochromatic blue light of 460 nm and polychromatic white light of 6.5 lux. EEG measurements were taken after 4 hours of exposure in the morning, afternoon, and evening. EEG spectral power was categorized into five frequency ranges: delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, and beta. Chronotypes were assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. A mixed analysis of variance was applied. Significant interactions between chronotype, light conditions, and the time of the day were found in theta and alpha1 bands after exposure to monochromatic blue light. These preliminary results indicated that in morning-oriented types the spectral power of theta and alpha1 EEG bands was higher in monochromatic blue light when compared to polychromatic white light in the afternoon hours than in the morning or the evening hours. These results may indicate a decrease in alertness in monochromatic blue light in the afternoon hours in morning-oriented types. This could point to the moderating role of individual differences in the monochromatic blue light effect.
Mental health, big data and research ethics: Parity of esteem in mental health research from a UK perspective
Authors: Morton Julie , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: October 2019

Central to ethical debates in contemporary mental health research are the rhetoric of parity of esteem, challenges underpinned by the social construct of vulnerability and the tendency to homogenise the population diagnosed with mental health conditions. Such ethical dimensions are further complicated by the contemporary endeavour to work with ‘big data’ which has led to ambitious claims for discovery and knowledge. Research in mental health is challenging due to the perceived constraints of ethical principles such as the protection of autonomy, consent, risk and harms. This article discusses how ethical considerations need to be reconceptualised when using big data sets. The argument is foregrounded with an appraisal of the prevailing political discourse of parity of esteem demonstrating that ongoing disparities in services and research should also be considered when inquiry uses big data.
Partial replacement of synthetic fibres by natural fibres in hybrid composites and its effect on monotonic properties
Authors: Salman Suhad D
Published: October 2019

Owing to the high cost of carbon fibres and a necessity for finding alternatives that environmentally friendly, a portion of carbon fibres was substituted by woven jute fibre, with various stacking sequences for military applications. Hot press was used to fabricate the composite and hybrid samples of jute/carbon fibres reinforced polyvinyl butyral film using as a layer. Dynamic mechanical experiments (DMA) were conducted with more focus on the stacking sequences of jute and carbon, with increasing temperature. Results showed that the carbon/jute/carbon (H1) hybrid has the highest storage modulus and loss modulus values compared with other hybrids. Significantly, placing woven jute fibre at the outer layers and carbon fibres at the inner layers provided lower dynamic mechanical properties than that of the hybrids with placing jute at the inner layers. Besides, the damping factor shifts to higher temperatures by hybridization of jute fibres compared with carbon composite. Additionally, glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from the damping curve and loss modulus exhibits a temperature between 129 and 180℃ for all composites, in withstanding dynamic loads. The dynamic mechanical properties were observed to be decreased with increasing temperature for all laminated composites. From results, it could be deduced that it is possible to reduce amount of carbon fibres in different composites industries with woven jute, thus providing less both cost and harmful environment.
Comment: Mapping Neutrality Within the Affective Landscape: A Response to Yih, Uusberg, Qian, and Gross
Authors: Gasper Karen , Hu Danfei
Published: October 2019

Yih, Uusberg, Qian, and Gross (2019) proposed an appraisal approach to help conceptualize five different states that researchers have used as neutral control conditions. This approach has the potential to enrich our understanding of these states and how they function. Here, we discuss four points to keep in mind while implementing this approach with the hope that these ideas will further assist researchers in understanding how neutrality might fit within the affective landscape.
Acromial fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Lau Simon C , Large Richard
Published: October 2019

Background

The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has become the most common method of arthroplasty of the shoulder. The complication of acromial or scapular stress fracture deserves consideration to describe incidence and determine whether prosthetic design or patient factors act as risk factors.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed including the EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane Library in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results

The search returned 565 articles. After exclusion, 25 papers remained. In total, 208 fractures were reported in the literature, with an overall incidence of 5% and stress fractures were more common than post-traumatic ones; 24 fractures underwent osteosynthesis and there were nine revision arthroplasty surgeries. Outcomes worsened after fracture – whether treated with surgery or not. In patients with scapular base fractures, there was an improvement in functional outcome scores after surgery. Heterogeneous reporting of the risk factors prior to fractures, treatment methods and outcomes made recommendations weak.

Discussion

Acromial stress fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty occurs relatively commonly but is poorly reported in the literature. It is unclear whether immobilisation, fixation or revision arthroplasty is the best treatment, although fixation may offer a better outcome. In future, reports should aim for greater consistency to allow a better understanding of this condition.
Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thayaparan Aarabi , Yu James , Horner Nolan S. , Leroux Timothy , Alolabi Bashar , Khan Moin
Published: October 2019

Context:

Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions often result in significant sporting limitations for athletes. Return to sport is a significant outcome that often needs to be considered by athletes undergoing the procedure.

Objective:

To evaluate return to sport among individuals undergoing arthroscopic SLAP repair.

Data Sources:

Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane) were searched from database inception through January 29, 2018.

Study Selection:

English-language articles reporting on return-to-activity rates after arthroscopic SLAP repairs were included.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Data including patient demographics, surgical procedure, and return to activity were extracted. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool.

Results:

Of 1938 screened abstracts, 22 articles involving a total of 944 patients undergoing arthroscopic SLAP repair met inclusion criteria. Of the total included patients, 270 were identified as overhead athletes, with 146 pitchers. Across all patients, 69.6% (657/944 patients) of individuals undergoing arthroscopic SLAP repair returned to sport. There was a 69.0% (562/815 patients) return to previous level of play, with a mean time to return to sport of 8.9 ± 2.4 months (range, 6.0-11.7 months). The return-to-sport rate for pitchers compared with the return-to-activity rate for nonpitchers, encompassing return to work and return to sport, was 57.5% (84/146 patients) and 87.1% (572/657 patients), respectively, after arthroscopic SLAP repair.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic SLAP repair is associated with a fair return to sport, with 69.6% of individuals undergoing arthroscopic SLAP repair returning to sport. SLAP repair in pitchers has significantly decreased return to sport in comparison with nonpitching athletes. Athletes on average return to sport within 9 months postoperatively.
Towards a personalised approach in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation: How can translational research help? A ‘call to action’ from the Section on Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
Authors: Gevaert Andreas B , Adams Volker , Bahls Martin , Bowen T Scott , Cornelissen Veronique , Dörr Marcus , Hansen Dominique , Kemps Hareld MC , Leeson Paul , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M , Kränkel Nicolle
Published: October 2019

The benefit of regular physical activity and exercise training for the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is undisputed. Many molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects have been deciphered. Personalised exercise prescription can help patients in achieving their individual greatest benefit from an exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. Yet, we still struggle to provide truly personalised exercise prescriptions to our patients. In this position paper, we address novel basic and translational research concepts that can help us understand the principles underlying the inter-individual differences in the response to exercise, and identify early on who would most likely benefit from which exercise intervention. This includes hereditary, non-hereditary and sex-specific concepts. Recent insights have helped us to take on a more holistic view, integrating exercise-mediated molecular mechanisms with those influenced by metabolism and immunity. Unfortunately, while the outline is recognisable, many details are still lacking to turn the understanding of a concept into a roadmap ready to be used in clinical routine. This position paper therefore also investigates perspectives on how the advent of ‘big data’ and the use of animal models could help unravel inter-individual responses to exercise parameters and thus influence hypothesis-building for translational research in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation.
Electronic Advice Request System for Nephrology in Alberta: Pilot Results and Implementation
Authors: Bello Aminu K , Zaidi Deenaz , Braam Branko , Chou Sophia , Courtney Mark , Deved Vinay , Glassford Jodi , Jindal Kailash , Klarenbach Scott , Osman Mohammed , Scott-Douglas Nairne , Shurraw Sabin , Thompson Stephanie , Manns Braden , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tonelli Marcello
Published: October 2019

Background:

Residents of rural areas of Alberta face significant barriers regarding access to specialist care, resulting in delays in provision of optimal care. Electronic referral and consultation systems are promising tools for facilitating timely access to specialist care, especially for people living in rural locations.

Objective:

To report our initial experience with the launch of an electronic advice request system for ambulatory kidney care in Alberta, Canada.

Methods:

We analyzed electronic advice requests for nephrology services in Alberta after the system’s pilot launch, from October 2016 to December 2017. Data for province-wide advice request utility by primary care providers (PCPs) were extracted from Alberta Netcare for analysis.

Results:

The total number of electronic advice requests directed to nephrology was 118 (mean number of requests: 2 per week). Only 31 (26.3%) of the cases required a face-to-face clinic visit with a nephrologist. Most (87; 73.7%) cases were managed by PCPs with ongoing nephrologist support via the advice request tool. Typical nephrologist response time was 5.7 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM) days.

Conclusion:

These preliminary data suggest that the electronic advice request program has potential to enhance timely access to specialist kidney care and minimize unnecessary nephrologist visits while reducing response time. Broad implementation of this system may have a substantial positive impact on health outcomes and improve cost-effectiveness for nephrology care in the long term, particularly in rural communities of Alberta.
Validation of an HIV/AIDS Stigma Measure for Children Living with HIV and Their Families
Authors: Vreeman Rachel Christine , Scanlon Michael Lawrence , Tu Wanzhu , Slaven James , McAteer Carole , Aluoch Josephine , Ayaya Samuel , Nyandiko Winstone Mokaya
Published: October 2019

Background:

There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families.

Methods:

This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child–caregiver dyads (children aged 10-15 years) at 8 clinics in western Kenya. The stigma instrument was administered to all child–caregiver dyads at 2 time points 6 months apart. The primary end point was to construct validity assessed by comparison to criterion constructs using generalized estimating equation models.

Results:

Mean age of child participants was 12.3 years and 52% were female. Generally, caregivers reported experiencing higher levels of HIV stigma compared to their children. Children (9%) and caregivers (14%) reported that HIV stigma made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed. Child and caregiver stigma items showed high construct validity by emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions:

The stigma instrument showed high validity when compared to emotional and behavioral outcomes.
Facilitating Student Outcomes by Supporting Autonomy: Implications for Practice and Policy
Authors: Patall Erika A. , Zambrano Jeanette
Published: October 2019

All students come to the classroom with inner motivational resources that, when supported, catalyze engagement, motivation, learning, and achievement. Teachers’ support for student autonomy is an essential tool for enhancing desirable student outcomes; practitioners and policy-makers can promote autonomy-supportive classroom environments. An overview of autonomy support presents core, autonomy-supportive practices: (a) providing choice opportunities, (b) providing rationales, and (c) incorporating student perspectives. Next, we address common misconceptions about autonomy support and consider why practitioners often do not adopt an autonomy-supportive approach. Finally, autonomy support might help to address broader societal challenges, with strategic implications for researchers, educators, and policy-makers.
Disparate Impacts: Balancing the Need for Safe Schools With Racial Equity in Discipline
Authors: Johnson Odis , Jabbari Jason , Williams Maya , Marcucci Olivia
Published: October 2019

Policy responses to gun violence within K-12 school systems have not stopped the increasing frequency of their occurrence, but have instead increased racial and ethnic disparities in multiple forms of discipline. The crisis prevention policies that follow school shootings tend to exacerbate racial and ethnic discipline disparities (a) within schools as practitioners enact policies with discretion and bias, (b) between schools where policy is complicated by racial segregation, and (c) indirectly where academic consequences accrue to those who are not disciplined but attend schools with elevated school rates of discipline. Among the most promising policy alternatives to punitive disciplinary policy is restorative justice.
Capital Structure Dynamics and Financing Imbalance: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Ghose Biswajit , Kabra Kailash Chandra
Published: October 2019

This paper considers the trade-off and pecking order theory in a unified framework and examines the influence of adverse selection costs on target adjustment process by investigating the relationship between firms’ financing imbalance and their target adjustment speed. Using a large dataset of 2718 non-financial and non-utility listed firms over a period of 2004–2005 to 2015–2016, the study observes that Indian firms adjust toward target leverage with a moderate adjustment speed of 32–36 percent. Moreover, firms with above-target debt make faster adjustment than firms with below-target debt, and firms with financing deficit make faster adjustment than firms with financing surplus. The extensions of target adjustment model by considering financing imbalance and direction of deviation together, and also by incorporating extent of deviation further reveal that firms try to avoid equity and prefer to deal in debt while making adjustments toward the target. In fact, firms deal in equity only when they are highly deviated from target leverage. All these findings suggest that adverse selection costs play significant role in the adjustment process. Therefore, though capital structure decisions of Indian firms are guided by trade-off theory, significance of pecking order arguments cannot be negated. This study makes important contributions to the existing literature as prior studies on impact of financing imbalance on adjustment speed are based on US which is very much different from emerging economies, particularly India.
Validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Hypothesis in the Ecowas (1980–2017)
Authors: Nathaniel Oladunjoye Opeyemi
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the validity of a purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in the ECOWAS. Secondary data on real exchange rates, domestic inflation rates, and foreign inflation rates were sourced from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank (2018). Unit root tests, Panel unit root tests, and panel cointegration tests were used to investigate the validity of the PPP hypothesis in the ECOWAS. The study found that the PPP hypothesis is valid individually in all the ECOWAS member countries. The results from the panel unit root tests also confirm the validity of the PPP hypothesis in the ECOWAS. Specifically, the LLC with individual intercept ( t = −5.97117, p < 0.0000), IPS with individual intercept ( t = −3.30564; p < 0.0000), Fisher ADF with individual intercept ( t = −3.43996; p < 0.0003), and Fisher PP with individual intercept ( t = −5.91557; p < 0.0000) while the panel cointegration test rejects the validity of the PPP hypothesis. Therefore, the study suggests that the ECOWAS can cautiously forge ahead with the implementation of their economic integration policies and programs in the sub-region.
Greening the Gulag: Austerity, neoliberalism, and the making of the “green prisoner”
Authors: Jewell Bohlinger B
Published: October 2019

Over the past 30 years the U.S. prison population has exploded. With the impact of climate change already here, we are also seeing new critiques of mass incarceration emerge, namely their environmental impact. In response to these burgeoning critiques as well as calls to action by the Justice Department to implement more sustainable and cost-effective strategies in prisons, the United States is experiencing a surge in prison sustainability programs throughout the country. Although sustainability is an important challenge facing the world, this paper argues that while “greening” programs seem like attempts to reform current methods of imprisonment, sustainability programming is an extension of the neoliberalization of incarceration in the United States. By emphasizing cost cutting while individualizing rehabilitation, prisons mobilize sustainability programming to produce “green prisoners” who are willing to take responsibility for their rehabilitation and diminish their economically burdensome behaviors (i.e. excessive wastefulness). Using semi-structure journals and interviews at three Oregon prisons, this paper investigates these ideas through the lens of the Sustainability in Prisons Project.
Intrapartum care: An urgent need to question historical practices and ‘non-evidence’-based, illogical foetal monitoring guidelines to avoid patient harm
Authors: Chandraharan Edwin
Published: October 2019

Childbirth should be a very happy, positive and rewarding experience for the woman, her partner and her family as well as for health-care providers. Women and their families have every right to expect that bringing a new life into this world would be a safe process. However, the latest ‘Each Baby Counts’ Report published by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in November 2018 has highlighted that out of nearly 700,000 babies born in the UK, 1123 babies died or sustained a severe brain damage during the intrapartum period (i.e., during labour). Despite excellent antenatal surveillance in the UK with regular antenatal clinic visits, ultrasound scans and blood tests as well as the free availability of the cardiotocograph machines to monitor the foetal heart rate during labour, very sadly 124 babies had died during labour. Moreover, 145 babies were born alive but died within the first days after birth, and 854 babies met the criteria for severe brain damage. According to this latest ‘Each Baby Counts’ Report, 71% of babies might have a different outcome with different care, and cardiotocograph misinterpretation accounted for 34% of all cases of poor perinatal outcomes. It is no longer acceptable to continue ‘counting’ our poor perinatal outcomes and produce glossy reports such as the ‘Each Baby Counts’ without scrutinising the underlying causes which are forcing excellent and caring midwives and obstetricians to make bad mistakes in the labour wards.
Reversal of a rheologic cardiomyopathy following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease
Authors: Sachdev Vandana , Hsieh Matthew , Jeffries Neal , Noreuil Anna , Li Wen , Sidenko Stanislav , Hannoush Hwaida , Limerick Emily , Wilson Delon , Tisdale John , Fitzhugh Courtney
Published: October 2019

Key Points

Cardiac morphology improves significantly as early as 3 months after HSCT for SCD; these changes are maintained up to 1 year. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with mortality, and this study shows improvements in diastolic measures and other functional parameters.