bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A unified framework of explanations for strategic persistence in the wake of others’ failures
Authors: Amankwah-Amoah Joseph
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– Although strategic persistence remains a key issue in change management and strategy literature, the understanding of strategic persistence in the face of other businesses’ failure remains limited. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors that determine strategic persistence in the face of other businesses’ failures.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through a review and synthesis of the multiple streams of research, the paper provides a number of explanations for strategic persistence. The study complements the analysis with illustrative cases of failed companies. These led to development of an integrated framework of explanations for strategic persistence in the wake of other businesses’ failures.

Findings

– The analysis led to identification of individual, firm-specific and environmental factors rooted in past events (i.e. past successes, prior commitment and decisions by the top-management team), present circumstances (i.e. nature of the failure) and future outlook (i.e. paradox of success, looming threats and opportunities), which foster strategic persistence. The paper uncovered that persistence may also stem from factors such as “paradox of success” and “too much invested to quit”.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper suggests that organisations can learn from others’ failures without compromising their values by drawing on the expertise released by failed firms. The study also identified various mechanisms through which organisations can learn from the failure of others and factors that constrain them from doing so.

Originality/value

– The theorisation and conceptualisation of the literature accommodates the multiple and contrasting perspectives of the subject such as the environmental buffers and paradox of success.
Knightian uncertainty and risk
Authors: Dangol Ramesh , Kos Anthony
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new way to distinguish a firm’s dynamic capabilities from operational capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

– Conceptual paper/literature review.

Findings

– Current literature on dynamic capabilities posits that dynamic capabilities are those firm capabilities that can induce change in other capabilities, while operational capabilities are static. Distinguishing between these capabilities in this manner is not helpful because changes occur continuously in all capabilities to at least some extent. In addition, empirical studies show that even task-level operational capabilities can change on their own and can induce change in other capabilities. In contrast to focussing on the presence or lack of change to determine if a capability is dynamic or operational, this paper distinguishes between them by determining a priori the expected nature of the outcome. By focussing on the outcomes of change rather than the changes themselves, this paper proposes that capabilities should be considered operational if they produce outcomes that can be predicted using probability distribution while those capabilities that produce outcomes that cannot be predicted using probability distribution should be considered dynamic.

Research limitations/implications

– Future research on dynamic capabilities should not only investigate whether or not change is occurring, but the outcome of change to understand whether a change is precipitated by dynamic or operational capabilities.

Originality/value

– Existing dynamic capabilities literature is unclear about how to distinguish between dynamic capabilities from operational capabilities. Previous research attempts to distinguish these capabilities by arguing dynamic capabilities are those firm capabilities that can induce change in other capabilities, while operational capabilities are static and do not induce change. This is not particularly helpful. A clear distinction between dynamic and operational capabilities could facilitate further advancement of the dynamic capability literature; this study makes a rudimentary effort to distinguish between them.
Can companies buy legitimacy? Using corporate political strategies to offset negative corporate social responsibility records
Authors: Alakent Ekin , Ozer Mine
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– Organizational legitimacy is greatly influenced by firm corporate social responsibility (CSR) records. An organization with a poor CSR record can either try to improve its practices or attempt to manipulate institutional norms and belief systems in order to convince the society that its practices are acceptable. The authors argue that firms’ corporate political strategies (CPS) – attempts by firms to influence public policy outcomes in a favorable way – can be very effective in shaping legitimacy norms and offsetting negative public image. The purpose of this paper is to draw on institutional theory and propose that firms with negative CSR records consider investing in political strategies necessary in order to construct new legitimate standards in line with their strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors test the hypotheses on 348 manufacturing firms using data from “The Center for Responsive Politics.” MSCI (formerly known as KLD) and COMPUSTAT. Research methodology used to test hypotheses is hierarchical ordinary least square regression analysis.

Findings

– The authors find that firms with high CSR concerns invest more in CPSs. In addition, the results indicate that organizational visibility and organizational slack positively moderate this relationship. In other words, visible firms and firms with high organizational slack invest more in CPSs if they are facing CSR concerns compared to firms that are less visible and with less organizational slack.

Research limitations/implications

– In this paper, the authors focus on the corporate governance dimension of CSR. Although focussing on the negative corporate governance practices gives us an opportunity to have a more focused approach, there are other important aspects of CSR such as environmental practices, employment issues, and accounting practices that are not addressed in this study.

Practical implications

– This paper can serve as a testament to the value of investing in political strategies to the practitioners. The results indicate that firms can manage their image and reputation through political spending and this is especially true for firms that are more visible and have more organizational slack.

Originality/value

– Much of the previous literature explores the relationship between market factors such as financial status of the firm and political strategies. This paper contributes to the literature by showing that other non-market forces such as poor social standing can also motivate companies to invest in political strategies.
Exploring the dynamism of complementarities in executives’ business modelling knowledge structures
Authors: Najmaei Arash , Rhodes Jo , Lok Peter
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain how market and technological knowledge gained by executives interact in a complementary fashion to form the knowledge structure of their business model which in turn enable them to make sense of underlying complexities surrounding management of strategic courses of action.

Design/methodology/approach

– Unitizing, categorizing, and classifying (UCC) in conjunction with pattern-matching (power and proof quotes) as qualitative methods were used to analyse a series of semi-structured interviews with eight executives from five small manufacturing firms in Australia.

Findings

– It was found that executives’ business modelling knowledge structure defined as the knowledge base that underpins their business models is developed from four interactions that exist between their market and technological knowledge. Particularly, executives can learn about technological aspects of their business model from market knowledge they acquire and also learn about marketing issues of their business model from technological knowledge they acquire. This interactive nature offers novel insights into versatility and fungibility of executives’ knowledge as a strategic resource that defines how business models evolve and shows how executives use knowledge as a non-rivalrous resource in different ways for developing different business models.

Research limitations/implications

– This study is limited in scope to: first, the context of executive of Australian small manufacturing firms and second, limited sources of data.

Practical implications

– This study offers important implications for business modelling and strategic formulation of practicing managers. It particularly contributes to a fuller understanding of how executives’ learning contributes to the cognitive formation of business models. It also helps executives gain new insights into the importance of various types of knowledge and the complementary nature of their interactions in the development of novel mental models as a key managerial competency in today’s dynamic markets.

Originality/value

– The conceptual framework developed and findings reported in this study have not been previously studied and offer novel insights into the literature on knowledge-based management, competitiveness, and business modelling.
Modeling and simulation of passenger mass violence event derived from irregular flights in the airport terminal
Authors: Shao Quan , Xiong Luo , Meng Jia , Songchen Han
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyze and access the extent that emotion contagion (EC) affects the passenger aggressive behavior, and then reveal key factors triggering the passenger mass violence event (MVE) under an irregular flight situation.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper presents the group behaviors simulation framework based on multi-agent. The EC model is put forward to explore the EC effect among passengers, integrating the influence of intervention measures, power difference and intimacy. Moreover, the authors propose the aggressive behavior decision-making model tailed to the passenger MVE by combining the improved social force model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system.

Findings

– The experiment results show that the method proposed in this paper can simulate the realistic evolution process of passenger MVE .The EC effect among passengers is the catalyst for the quick spreading of MVE. The intervention measures, such as providing food and endorsing service, can effectively prevent from the MVE situation deterioration.

Originality/value

– The research of this paper has important practical significance for the evolution analysis of passenger MVE and provides the basis for airport safety management.
A multi-perspective approach to knowledge production
Authors: Seaman William
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss a Multi-perspective approach to knowledge production in terms of a set of cybernetic concepts relevant to the approach; to describe a software system that computationally embodies the approach; and to articulate a research project that pragmatically employs the approach.

Design/methodology/approach

– A definition is provided. The paper uses a survey methodology, exploring relevant cybernetic and contemporary technological concepts. An operational software mechanism (The Insight Engine) is discussed that enables the bridging of transdisciplinary concepts by a user in the service of accretive research –Recombinant Informatics.

Findings

– Many cybernetic concepts are relevant to contemporary research into cognition andNeosentienceresearch. More study needs to be undertaken related to historical BCL projects in terms of articulating relevance to contemporary research.

Research limitations/implications

– Future research seeks to extend the computational functionality of “The insight engine”, as well as uncover relevant BCL/cybernetic materials.

Practical implications

– The software is unique in the field and already there is interest in its use by differing research communities including the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, and at Stanford, research under Ian Hodder.

Social implications

– The Insight Engine has potential to be used as a multi-perspective tool for many different fields enabling different forms of distributed, transdisciplinary team-based research.

Originality/value

– This text is valuable to researchers interested in new forms of interface, augmentation of thought and learning via computational approaches; and the development of bridges between novel research areas, including contemporary, historical BCL, and other cybernetic inquiry.
Multiple perspectives on the terms “cyberneticist” versus “cybernetician”
Authors: Vinnakota Tirumala Rao , Kadri Faisal L , Grant Simon , Malinova Ludmila , Tuddenham Peter Davd , Garcia Santiago
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify possible distinctions between the terms “cyberneticist” and “cybernetician” with the intention of helping the growth of the cybernetics discipline in new directions.

Design/methodology/approach

– After the American Society for Cybernetics ALU 2013 conference in Bolton, a small group of conference participants continued the conversations they had begun during the event, focusing on the comparison of the terms “cyberneticist” vs “cybernetician”. The group felt the need for clearer distinctions drawn (or designed) between the terms, in order to sustain the discipline of cybernetics and to support its growth. The aim of providing these distinctions is that theory should feed into practice and practice should feed into theory, forming a cybernetic loop, so that the discipline of cybernetics is sustained while growing. The conference participants had conversations between themselves, and came up with multiple perspectives on the distinction between “cyberneticist” vs “cybernetician”. The distinctions drawn mirror the distinctions between Science and Design: the science of cybernetics contrasted with the design of cybernetics.

Findings

– The findings of this paper consist of recommendations to understand and act differently in the field of the discipline of cybernetics. In particular, a clear distinction is suggested between the terms “cyberneticist” and “cybernetician”. It is also suggested that in order for cybernetics to grow and be sustained, there should be a constant flow of developments in theory of cybernetics into the practice of cybernetics and vice-versa.

Originality/value

– The authors believe that some people (called “cyberneticists”) should work on the science side of cybernetics, making strong contributions to the understanding and development of cybernetics theory. Others, (called “cyberneticians”) should work on the design side of cybernetics, to contribute through their actions and through the development of cybernetics practice. The result of this will be a self-organization that evolves naturally between theory and practice of cybernetics, leading to better learning of cybernetics, and in the process, sustaining it through continued growth. In this direction, the paper proposes several radical suggestions that may not be to the liking of traditionalists, but may be better received by the scientists and designers of cybernetics who can make a difference to the growth of the discipline of cybernetics.
The communication of expectations and individual understanding
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Johnson Mark William , Ivanova Inga A.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present the case for an analysis of communication at the supra-individual level as a means of rendering the understanding of learning and acting tractable. The paper introduces a method of analysis of redundancy to achieve this.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper argues for a supra-individual approach to acting, learning, and understanding against focusing on an individual or quasi-transcendental “observer”. The argument is outlined in four steps: first, articulation of the dynamics of the communication system; second, consideration of the redundancies of expectations within communication; third, the computation of anticipation which enables the authors to model meaning processing; and fourth the feedback of meaning processing on information processing can be measured as redundancy. Anticipated future states can reflexively drive reconstructions in meaning-processing systems.

Research limitations/implications

– The social system can be considered as a symbolic order of coordination mechanisms. Reflexive agency can access this order and partake in it. However, expectations and their structures do not “exist”, but remain uncertain with the status of hypotheses. Historical embodiment in intentional action is structurally coupled to the order of expectations. The historical instantiations condition and enable the further development of the expectations as a retention mechanism.

Originality/value

– The modelling and measurement of meaning processing in terms of inversion of the arrow of time and the generation of redundancy provide extensions to the mathematical theory of communication.
Design transformations: teaching design through evaluations
Authors: Morrison Ann , Knoche Hendrik
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to synchronize two courses to focus on the students working with learning and applying tools in the one course and acting on understandings gained to produce artefacts in the other.

Design/methodology/approach

– Working with real users throughout all stages of the design process, the authors structured two courses so findings from the evaluation methods learnt in the one course (their analyses) were directly acted on in the other (their re-designs). The authors fostered a group-spirited learning environment where students presented designs-in-process; explained the findings from focused evaluation methods using tangible representations; identified the relationship from these findings for subsequent re-design rationales; and discussed and critiqued each other's work using multiple feedback, teach-back and discursive strategies.

Findings

– The authors found that in-depth coverage of material, working with real data and users at all stages of assessment and producing visualizations from evaluations, naturally forced student motivation to act and redesign better solutions. The authors noted improved attendance and students reported high engagement and content appreciation.

Research limitations/implications

– Ensuring relevance, by adding larger context concerns, expansive critical methods and feedback processes in a cycle of understanding, acting, learning can have useful practical and social implications. This is germane when designing for quality of everyday use in, for example, education, urban environments and mobile applications.

Practical implications

– The paper includes implications for the development of learning environments where course and semester content is developed in tandem to support integrated learning by acting with project output and teach back “presentations” throughout the course.

Originality/value

– The paper proposes a unifying tandem approach to learning and applying evaluation tools with real users, teachback and acting to improve redesigns with potential to improve human computer interaction educational standards for learning and design outcomes.
Applying cybernetic thinking to becoming a learning organization
Authors: Clement-Okooboh Kesiena Mercy , Olivier Bill
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of the application of cybernetic thinking by the learning and development unit in a national branch of a large multinational company to help move towards its strategic objective of becoming a learning organization.

Design/methodology/approach

– A work-based action research approach was adopted. Through a series of action research cycles, the paper presents the interplay between developments in the organization and several strands of cybernetic thinking.

Findings

– Cybernetic thinking was incrementally integrated to create a new support framework for developing a learning organization.

Research limitations/implications

– As a case study the work reported has limited generality. Users of the support framework need to take account of and, to some degree, replicate the specific conditions that led to its success. These included the strategic aim of becoming a learning organization and supportive senior management.

Practical implications

– The case study and framework will be of greatest use to other organizations that have the strategic intent of becoming a learning organization, but seek guidance on implementation.

Social implications

– Cybernetic thinking was used to create feedback loops from internal and external conditions, to enhance learning, performance and adaptivity. This involved all employees in their and their organization's future development.

Originality/value

– The paper's value offers a concrete instance of applying cybernetic thinking to the creation of a learning organization, a task often found to be difficult in practice. This has been abstracted into a support framework.
Contextual inquiry and socio-technical practice
Authors: Bednar Peter , Welch Christine Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– During discussions at the ASC 2013 Conference, the authors were stimulated to consider acting, learning and understanding in the context of organizational change, and in particular the relationship between organizational actors and external analysts. The purpose of this paper is to review from a cybernetic perspective how a socio-technical toolbox can help to facilitate organizational change, and to examine issues involved in use of such a toolbox by organizational actors supported by expert analysts.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is conceptual and adopts a critical stance, i.e. to provide support for emancipation of individuals through ownership and control of their own analyses.

Findings

– Drawing on work by e.g. Bateson, the authors consider organizations as dynamic and complex human activity systems, and how actors can be helped to develop a productive learning “spiral” of acting and reflecting by means of a proposed socio-technical toolbox. Acting and reflecting upon action can be seen to form a “double helix” of learning, leading to richer understandings of contextual dependencies. Engaged actors need support to surface their contextually dependent understandings, individual and collectively and engage in a “dance of change”.

Practical implications

– Change is endemic in organizational life. When engaging with change activity that attempts to address complexity (as opposed to complicatedness), contextual experts need to be the key decision takers. This means a redistribution not only of responsibility and action but also decision-taking power.

Originality/value

– The paper suggests augmentation of traditional socio-technical methods to address dynamic complexity.
Learning about learning: a cybernetic model of skill acquisition
Authors: Scott Bernard , Bansal Abhinav
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explain some phenomena observed in the acquisition of motor skills: the loss of conscious access to knowledge of the structure of a skill and the awareness that an error has been made prior to the receipt of knowledge of results. Although there are rich descriptive accounts of skill acquisition in the literature, there are no satisfactory explanatory models of the cognitive processes involved. The paper provides such a model.

Design/methodology/approach

– In the 1970s, the first author implemented a computer program model of the cognitive processes involved in learning and skill acquisition, based on a series of empirical investigations. Recently, with assistance from the second author, the model has been reviewed, updated and re-implemented. The paper sets this work in the broader context of a theory of learning and teaching, conversation theory.

Findings

– The model provides a constructivist account of skill acquisition and associated phenomena. The model provides theoretical foundations for conversation theory.

Practical implications

– The model adds to the understanding of motor skill acquisition and to the understanding of processes of learning and teaching in general.

Originality/value

– The model and its interpretation are an original contribution to the skills acquisition literature.
Capital structure and size: new evidence across the broad spectrum of SMEs
Authors: Daskalakis Nikolaos , Eriotis Nikolaos , Thanou Eleni , Vasiliou Dimitrios
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to add to the existing literature by examining a number of hypotheses relating to the capital structure decision in relation to the firms’ size, namely by distinguishing among micro, small and medium firms.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper examines the hypothesis that the factors determining capital structure are different for firms belonging to different size groups. The authors use a panel data model capturing the dynamic concept of capital structure.

Findings

– The authors find that whereas the size of the firm does affect how much debt a firm will issue, it does not influence the relationship between the other regressors and debt usage.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper examines the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Does not examine the large firms.

Practical implications

– During the last decade there has been a gradually increasing interest shown in the field of SMEs. These enterprises represent important parts of all economies in terms of both their total number and their job offer and job creation. For example, in the European Union (EU), in 2005, SMEs accounted for 99.8 percent of the total number of enterprises operating in EU-27, covering 66.7 of total employment in the non-financial business economy sector.

Social implications

– This paper relates capital structure decision to firms’ size distinguishing them among micro, small and medium firms.

Originality/value

– The paper tests differences in capital structure determination among different size groups of enterprises in a dynamic framework for more than one year.
Selected reference sources in disability studies: an annotated bibliography
Authors: Khailova Ladislava
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to provide an overview of reference sources in the discipline of disability studies to aid academic and larger public libraries in their collection building efforts. Each discussed source is annotated, offering information on the title’s model for viewing disability, scope, structure and audience.

Design/methodology/approach

– Reference titles in disability studies were located through searches in WorldCat, then evaluated, selected and carefully annotated. Resources included in this annotated bibliography are those that move beyond the medical model of disability, exploring disability rather as a social construct. Also, works with interdisciplinary focus were preferred during selection.

Findings

– There is a variety of recently published reference resources in disability studies, including companions, encyclopedias, handbooks and series, that would potentially represent good additions to collections in academic and public libraries. Seven of these are annotated in this study.

Originality/value

– Post-medical disability studies target a broad range of audiences: sociologists, arts and humanities scholars, activists, people with disabilities, individuals without disabilities and medical practitioners and caretakers. Given this broad audience appeal, it can be argued that any academic library or large public library will benefit from setting up or updating its collections on this relatively new discipline of study. The resources annotated in this study assist interested libraries in this endeavor.
Earthworm invasion, white‐tailed deer and seedling establishment in deciduous forests of north‐eastern North America
Authors: Dobson Annise , Blossey Bernd
Published: November 2014

Earthworm invasions and high deer populations are among many stressors threatening long‐term population viability of forest understorey plants in north‐eastern North America. Stressor effects are typically tested one at a time; however, stressors often co‐occur and plants respond to effects of multiple stressors simultaneously.

We used a factorial design to test independent and combined effects of non‐native earthworms and native white‐tailed deer on survival of seedling transplants of 15 native understorey plants in five forests in New York State.

Earthworm biomass was negatively correlated with survival of 12 of 15 species. We found no interactive effect of deer and earthworms, but did find a positive, non‐consumptive effect of deer on Geranium maculatum and Polygonum virginianum survival.

Deer and earthworm presence/absence indirectly influenced other trophic levels: earthworm presence increased the likelihood of insect attack, and deer exclusion increased the likelihood of rodent disturbance of transplants.

Synthesis. Invasive earthworms negatively affected seedling survival of many understorey plants, including species previously thought to benefit from earthworm associations. This effect was a function of earthworm biomass, a surrogate for earthworm activity. We expect deer herbivory to increase in importance, including indirect effects, as seedlings grow into browse height over the next years. Investigations of co‐occurring stressors can result in ‘ecological surprises’ including previously overlooked non‐consumptive effects or effects on other trophic levels.
Anti‐inflammatory properties of resveratrol in the retinas of type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Ghadiri Soufi Farhad , Arbabi‐Aval Elham , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Ahmadieh Hamid
Published: November 2014

Resveratrol (trans‐3,5,4′‐trihydroxystilbene) is a nutritional supplement with anti‐inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the long‐term anti‐inflammatory property of resveratrol in the retinas of type 2 diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal control, diabetic control, resveratrol‐treated normal rats and resveratrol‐treated diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by a single dose injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) 15 min after the administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; i.p.) in 12‐h fasted rats (the streptozotocin–nicotinamide type 2 diabetic model). Oral resveratrol administration (5 mg/kg per day for 4 months) significantly improved glucose tolerance, and alleviated hyperglycemia and weight loss in diabetic rats. Furthermore, resveratrol administration significantly decreased the elevated levels of nuclear factor‐κB activity, and mRNA expression, tumour necrosis factor alpha level and apoptotic cells in the retinas of the diabetic rats. Furthermore, resveratrol did not significantly affect plasma insulin levels. Long‐term resveratrol administration has beneficial anti‐inflammatory properties in a rat model of diabetes. However, whether resveratrol exerts its effects directly or through reducing blood glucose levels requires further investigation.
Peptidyl‐prolyl isomerases: Functionality and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rostam Muhamad A , Piva Terrence J , Rezaei Hossein B , Kamato Danielle , Little Peter J , Zheng Wenhua , Osman Narin
Published: November 2014

Peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a conserved group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion between cis and trans conformations of proline imidic peptide bonds. These enzymes play critical roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular function and pathophysiology of disease. There are three different classes of PPIases and increasing interest in the development of specific PPIase inhibitors. Cyclosporine A, FK506, rapamycin and juglone are known PPIase inhibitors. Herein, we review recent advances in elucidating the role and regulation of the PPIase family in vascular disease. We focus on peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA‐interacting 1 (Pin1), an important member of the PPIase family that plays a role in cell cycle progression, gene expression, cell signalling and cell proliferation. In addition, Pin1 may be involved in atherosclerosis. The unique role of Pin1 as a molecular switch that impacts on multiple downstream pathways necessitates the evaluation of a highly specific Pin1 inhibitor to aid in potential therapeutic drug discovery.
“Your Journal, My Love”: Constructing Personal and Religious Bonds in Eighteenth‐Century Women's Diaries
Authors: Aalders Cynthia
Published: November 2014

Diaries of religious women are often thought of as solely spiritual accounts of their authors' inner lives, but the diary writings of women sometimes had life far beyond their authors and can convey a great deal about the social worlds of eighteenth‐century women. This article draws on the manuscript diaries of several women of different denominational commitment — Methodist, Baptist, and Anglican — to analyse the various ways in which the diary was used to establish bonds of friendship and kinship and to construct communal religious identities across generations and distance. These diaries illuminate a range of both intensive and extensive relationships and, in some instances, literary cultures within which diaries were shared, circulated, and reflected on in others' diaries. Diaries were also sometimes used as a form of religious education, so that women used the diary to instruct younger friends and family members in the religious life. The diary was thus used not only as a medium by which to establish individual self‐understandings, but was also used by women to locate themselves communally within particular religious cultures.
“And They'll Know We Are Christians By Our Love”: Exploring the Role of Christian Love on Maloga Mission, 1874–1888
Authors: McLisky Claire
Published: November 2014

This article investigates the power, and the politics, of Christian love on the Australian settler‐colonial frontier through the case study of two evangelical missionaries, Daniel and Janet Matthews, during their time at Maloga Mission (a non‐denominational mission to the Aboriginal people of the Murray River which they founded on its northern banks in 1874). Whether protested in private missives, professed in public tracts, or proclaimed to their assembled audiences, Christian love played a vital role in the both the secular justification, and the sacred sanctification, of the Matthews' mission. Yet in practice, the operation of this emotion was complex. Through an exploration of the role of Christian love in the life of Maloga mission and its missionaries, this article will show how the intricacies of its formulation, expression, reception, and reciprocation make this a crucial if often overlooked concept for the study of mission history, and specifically, in this case, the study of nineteenth‐century settler‐colonial missions.
Autism and intuitive practice as the art of the prevailing middle
Authors: Murphy Mike , Done Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2014

Jordan insists that teachers should be free to exercise their professionalism and that respect for difference is integral to that professionalism. ForConnor, this implies teachers who can critically consider the discourses available to them as practitioners. The authors draw upon the philosophising ofGillesDeleuze to develop an account of teaching and learning as an autonomous creative process in which teacherscontribute torather than strictlycontroloutcomes. This account of teaching asprocessual followingresonates withJordan's vision of equity for autistic or neuro‐atypical pupils and compassionate professionalism. It rests less easily with intensive behaviourist‐training programmes and educational cultures premised on the assumption that outcomes can, and should, be pre‐determined and precisely engineered. From aDeleuzian perspective, ethical practice is the interplay of conceptual, perceptual and affective knowledge, and it is suggested that intuitive practice involves a similar interplay along with numerous contextual considerations. ADeleuzian theory of simulation is initially outlined and accords with the emphasis placed byJordan on reimagining an educational system in which all pupils are valued and supported to develop their varied talents and teachers are free to assess the suitability of particular methods for individual pupils.
First record of the subfamily Oxytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Korea with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Kasparyan Dmitri Rafaelevich , Oh Seung‐Ho , Choi Gang Won , Lee Jong‐Wook
Published: November 2014

The subfamily Oxytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is recorded from South Korea for the first time along with descriptions of two new species, Oxytorus diceratops Lee et Kasparyan sp. nov. from South Korea and O. areolator Lee et Kasparyan sp. nov. from South Korea and the South Far East of Russia. A key for identification of the Palaearctic species of Oxytorus is given. Line drawings and photos of diagnostic characters of new species are also provided.
Effects of the evolution of theSerra doMar mountains on the shape of the geographically isolated populations ofAegla schmittiHobbsIII, 1979 (Decapoda:Anomura)
Authors: Trevisan André , Marochi Murilo Zanetti , Costa Marcelo , Santos Sandro , Masunari Setuko
Published: November 2014

The Aeglidae family is a useful model for evaluating the shape variation to present small geographically isolated populations and present a carapace structure that allows precise placement of landmarks. We analysed variations of the size and shape of the carapace of seven populations ofA. schmitti. We used 18 bidimensional anatomical landmarks on the carapace of adult males. Size variation between the populations was analysed through a univariate analysis of variance, while the shape variation was analysed through a multivariate analysis of variance using the configurations aligned by the generalized Procrustes analysis. The ordination of the populations was investigated through a canonical variables analysis. Individuals from the populations differed in the carapace size, in this case, we observed the largest individuals in the Iguaçu river basin, followed by Ribeira do Iguape and the Coastal basin. Carapace shape also differed between the populations ofA. schmitti, with the exception of the Mato Grande and Piraquara rivers: populations from the Iguaçu River presented a larger and rounder carapace when compared with the slenderer carapace of the Coastal basin, and the Ribeira do Iguape animals presented intermediate shapes. Data from the present study show great congruency with the draining pattern and geological history of the region.
Intravenous Administration of Apomorphine Does NOT Induce Long QT Syndrome: Experimental Evidence from In Vivo Canine Models
Authors: Watanabe Yudai , Nakamura Yuji , Cao Xin , Ohara Hiroshi , Yamazaki Yukiko , Murayama Norie , Sugiyama Yosuke , Izumi‐Nakaseko Hiroko , Ando Kentaro , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Sugiyama Atsushi
Published: November 2014

Apomorphine is a non‐selective dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, which has been used for patients with Parkinson's disease and reported to induce QT interval prolongation and cardiac arrest. To clarify their causal link, we assessed the cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic profile of apomorphine with the halothane‐anaesthetized canine model (n = 4), whereas pro‐arrhythmic potential of apomorphine was analysed with the chronic atrioventricular block canine model (n = 4). In the halothane‐anaesthetized model, 0.01 mg/kg, i.v. of apomorphine hydrochloride over 10 min., providing about 10 times of its therapeutic concentration, increased the heart rate and ventricular contraction; 0.1 mg/kg over 10 min., providing about 100 times of the therapeutic, prolonged the ventricular effective refractory period; and 1 mg/kg over 10 min., providing about 1000 times of the therapeutic, decreased the ventricular contraction, mean blood pressure and cardiac output together with the intraventricular conduction delay and prolongation of the effective refractory period, whereas the left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, atrioventricular nodal conduction or ventricular repolarization were hardly affected. Meanwhile, in the atrioventricular block model, 1 mg/kg, i.v. of apomorphine hydrochloride over 10 min. neither prolonged the QT interval nor induced torsade de pointes. These results suggest that apomorphine may possess a wide margin of cardiovascular safety contrary to our expectations.
When mixed methods produce mixed results: Integrating disparate findings about miscarriage and women's wellbeing
Authors: Lee Christina , Rowlands Ingrid J.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To discuss an example of mixed methods in health psychology, involving separate quantitative and qualitative studies of women's mental health in relation to miscarriage, in which the two methods produced different but complementary results, and to consider ways in which the findings can be integrated.

Methods

We describe two quantitative projects involving statistical analysis of data from 998 young women who had had miscarriages, and 8,083 who had not, across three waves of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. We also describe a qualitative project involving thematic analysis of interviews with nine Australian women who had had miscarriages.

Results

The quantitative analyses indicate that the main differences between young women who do and do not experience miscarriage relate to social disadvantage (and thus likelihood of relatively early pregnancy) and to a lifestyle that makes pregnancy likely: Once these factors are accounted for, there are no differences in mental health. Further, longitudinal modelling demonstrates that women who have had miscarriages show a gradual increase in mental health over time, with the exception of women with prior diagnoses of anxiety, depression, or both. By contrast, qualitative analysis of the interviews indicates that women who have had miscarriages experience deep emotional responses and a long and difficult process of coming to terms with their loss.

Conclusions

A contextual model of resilience provides a possible framework for understanding these apparently disparate results. Considering positive mental health as including the ability to deal constructively with negative life events, and consequent emotional distress, offers a model that distinguishes between poor mental health and the processes of coping with major life events. In the context of miscarriage, women's efforts to struggle with difficult emotions, and search for meaning, can be viewed as pathways to resilience rather than to psychological distress.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Quantitative research shows that women who miscarry usually experience moderate depression and anxiety, which persists for around 6 months.

Qualitative research shows that women who miscarry frequently experience deep grief, which can last for years.

What does this study add?

We consider ways in which these disparate findings might triangulate.

The results suggest a need to distinguish between poor mental health and the experience of loss and grief.

Adjusting to miscarriage is often emotionally challenging but not always associated with poor mental health.
When status is grabbed and when status is granted: Getting ahead in dominance and prestige hierarchies
Authors: de Waal‐Andrews Wendy , Gregg Aiden P. , Lammers Joris
Published: November 2014

What type of behaviour affords status, agentic, or communal? Research to date has yielded inconsistent answers. In particular, the conflict view holds that agentic behaviour permits the imperious to grab status through overt force, whereas the functional view holds that communal behaviour permits the talented to earn status through popular appeal. Here, we synthesize both views by taking into account the moderating role played by group hierarchy. Group hierarchy can range from being dominance based (where status is grabbed) to prestige based (where status is granted). In a field study (Study 1), and a laboratory experiment (Study 2), we demonstrate that in different groups, status can be achieved in different ways. Specifically, agentic behaviour promotes status regardless of hierarchy type, whereas the effect of communal behaviour on status is moderated by hierarchy type: it augments it in more prestige‐based hierarchies but diminishes it in more dominance‐based hierarchies.
Recombinant human thyrotropin before 131I therapy in patients with nodular goitre: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lee Yen‐Ying , Tam Ka‐Wai , Lin You‐Meei , Leu Wuan‐Jin , Chang Jui‐Chia , Hsiao Chi‐Lien , Hsu Meng‐Ting , Hsieh An‐Tsz
Published: November 2014

Background

Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) can be used to enhance radioiodine therapy for shrinking multinodular goitre. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effectiveness of rhTSH pretreatment and radioiodine therapy with that of radioiodine alone for treating benign nodular goitre.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to identify studies published before September 2014. A meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect size using random‐effects models. The primary outcome was the reduction in thyroid volume. Secondary outcomes included thyroid function, extent of tracheal compression, radioactive iodine uptake, incidence of hypothyroidism and other complications.

Results

Nine RCTs including 416 patients were selected. The reductions in thyroid volume were significantly greater in the rhTSH pretreatment groups than those in the radioiodine alone groups at 12 months (weighted mean difference: 14·42%; 95% CI: 4·51–24·34% in high‐dose rhTSH vs radioiodine alone; weighted mean difference: 19·66%; 95% CI: 3·67–35·65% in low‐dose rhTSH vs radioiodine alone). The incidence of hypothyroidism in the high‐dose rhTSH groups was significantly higher than that in the radioiodine alone groups. No significant difference in the incidence of hypothyroidism occurred between the low‐dose rhTSH groups and the radioiodine alone groups.

Conclusions

The overall results indicated that using rhTSH before radioiodine therapy resulted in a greater thyroid volume reduction than radioiodine therapy alone. An increased incidence of hypothyroidism was observed in patients receiving high‐dose rhTSH. Low‐dose rhTSH before radioiodine therapy is more efficacious than radioiodine therapy alone for treating nontoxic benign thyroid nodules.