bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Understanding of UA-ADRCs (Uncultured, Autologous, Fresh, Unmodified, Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells, Isolated at Point of Care) in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Alt Eckhard , Winnier Glenn , Haenel Alexander , Rothoerl Ralf , Solakoglu Oender , Alt Christopher , Schmitz Christoph
Published: March 2020

It has become practically impossible to survey the literature on cells derived from adipose tissue with the aim to apply them in regenerative medicine. The aim of this review is to provide a jump start to understanding the potential of UA-ADRCs (uncultured, unmodified, fresh, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells isolated at the point of care) in regenerative medicine. We show that serious and adequate clinical research demonstrates that tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs is safe and effective. ADRCs are neither 'fat stem cells' nor could they exclusively be isolated from adipose tissue, as ADRCs contain the same adult (depending on the definition) pluripotent or multipotent stem cells that are ubiquitously present in the walls of small blood vessels. Of note, the specific isolation procedure used has significant impact on the number and viability of the cells and hence on safety and efficacy of UA-ADRCs. Furthermore, there is no need to further separate adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from ADRCs if the latter were adequately isolated from adipose tissue. Most importantly, UA-ADRCs have the physiological capacity to adequately regenerate tissue without need for manipulating, stimulating and/or (genetically) reprogramming the cells for this purpose. Tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs fulfills the criteria of homologous use.
Dietary Encapsulated Essential Oils Improve Production Performance of Coccidiosis Vaccine-challenged Broiler Chickens
Authors: Lee Jeong-Woo , Kim Da-Hye , Kim Yoo Bhin , Jeong Su-Been , Oh Sungtaek , Cho Seung-Yeol , Lee Kyung-Woo
Published: March 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate encapsulated essential oils as an alternative anticoccidial in coccidiosis vaccine challenged broiler chickens. A total of 600 day-old male broiler chicks were provided with no-added corn-soybean meal-based control diet or diets that contained either salinomycin or EO at 60 and 120 mg per kg of diet. On day 21, half of the control groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. During 22 to 28 days (i.e., one-week post coccidiosis vaccine challenge), the challenged chickens had decrease (P < 0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake but increase in feed conversion ratio compared with the non-challenged, naïve control chickens. However, dietary EO significantly counteracted (P < 0.05) coccidiosis vaccine-induced depression in body weight gain and feed intake. Increasing dietary EO linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of the volatile fatty acids. Dietary SAL and EO affected gut morphology in chickens at 20 days posthatch. Increasing dietary EO linearly (P = 0.073) increased serum catalase activity. Collectively, our study shows that dietary EO increased coccidiosis vaccine-induced growth depression and altered gut physiology in broiler chickens.
Identifying Tools That Assess Factors That May Lead to Adverse Effects in Australian Aged-Care Facilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Qasim Haider Saddam , Simpson Maree , Guisard Yann , de Courten Barbora
Published: March 2020

Aim: this scoping review was designed to identify studies that assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for older people in Australian aged-care facilities. This review critically evaluated each published study to identify the risk of, or actual adverse drug events in older people. Inclusion criteria: This review considered any clinical studies that examined the adverse effects of medications in older people who were living in aged-care facilities. This review considered qualitative studies, analytical studies, RCTs, descriptive cross-sectional studies, and analytic observational studies that explored the use of medications and their adverse effects on older people in clinical settings (including aged care facilities). Methods: An initial search of the PubMed, OvidSP, EBSCOHost, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, SAGE, and SCOPUS databases, with full text was performed, followed by an analysis of the article’s title and abstract. Additionally, MeSH was used to describe the article. The initial round of the database search was based on inclusion criteria from studies that assessed tools or protocols aiming to identify the adverse effects of medications on the elderly population suffering chronic conditions or multiple co-morbidities. Two reviewers screened the retrieved papers for inclusion. The data presented in this review are in tabular forms and a narrative summary which aligns with the review’s objectives. Results: Seven studies were identified, and the extracted data from these studies were grouped according their characteristics and the auditing results of each study. Conclusion: There was no comprehensive or broadly adverse drug reaction assessment tool derived from Australian data that has been used on the elderly in an Australian healthcare setting.
Effects of Transverse Groynes on Meso-Habitat Suitability for Native Fish Species on a Regulated By-Passed Large River
Authors: Chardon Valentin , Schmitt Laurent , Piégay Hervé , Beisel Jean-Nicolas , Staentzel Cybill , Barillier Agnès , Clutier Anne
Published: March 2020

River regulations ultimately degrade fluvial forms and morphodynamics and simplify riparian and aquatic habitats. For several decades, river restoration actions have been performed to recover geomorphic processes and diversify these habitats to enhance both river biodiversity and ecosystem services. The objective of this study is to provide quantitative feedback on the experimental restoration of a large regulated and by-passed river (the Upper Rhine downstream of the Kembs Dam, France/Germany). This restoration consisted of the construction of two transverse groynes and the removal of bank protection. A monitoring framework composed of topo-bathymetric surveys as well as flow velocity and grain size measurements was established to assess the channel morphodynamic responses and evaluate their effects on habitat suitability for five native fish species using habitat models. A riverscape approach was used to evaluate the landscape changes in terms of both the configuration and the composition, which cannot be considered with classic approaches (e.g., WUA). Our results show that the two transverse groynes and, to a lesser extent, bank erosion, which was locally enhanced by the two groynes, increased habitat diversity due to the creation of new macroforms (e.g., pools and mid-bars) and fining of the bed grain size. Using a riverscape approach, our findings highlight that the restoration improved lentic fish habitats (eel and juvenile nase species) due to slowing of the local current and the deposition of fine sediments downstream of both groynes. As a consequence, the restoration improved the habitat suitability of the studied reach for more fish species compared with the pre-restoration conditions. This study also demonstrates that the salmon habitats downstream of the restored reach were improved due to fining of the bed grain size. This finding highlights that for restorations aimed at fish habitats, the grain size conditions must be taken into consideration along with the flow conditions. Furthermore, the implementation of groynes, while not a panacea, can be a strategy for improving fish habitats on highly regulated rivers, but only when more functional and natural options are impossible due to major constraints.
Factors Contributing to Mobile Phone Dependence amongst Young People: Educational Implications
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez Isabel , Goig-Martinez Rosa M. , Alavarez-Rodriguez Jose , Fernandez-Cruz Manuel
Published: March 2020

The use of mobile devices facilitates access to knowledge and is at the base of the education of the future. Although the digital society has contributed a number of benefits, however, it has also been associated with worrying behaviours. The study design consisted of a quantitative approach that was descriptive, inferential and ex post-facto in nature. Its purpose was to better understand the opinion of young people regarding mobile phone use and describe dependence deriving from regular use. The sample was formed of 420 students from the Faculty of Education at the University of Granada. Results indicate that mobile phone use has displaced use of other technologies such as the television, and is associated with communication and recreational activities. In addition, a profile was identified for young people at greater risk of developing a dependence on their mobile devices. This profile constituted females, mobile phone users with recreational motives and individuals who exceeded mobile phone use by more than six hours a day. To improve the educational use of mobile phone, prevention and intervention plans must be designed which ensure correct management of this device, taking advantage of the benefits it offers whilst avoiding problems derived from inappropriate use.
C0.3N0.7Ti-SiC Toughed Silicon Nitride Hybrids with Non-Oxide Additives Ti3SiC2
Authors: Luo Heng , Li Chen , Deng Lianwen , Li Yang , Xiao Peng , Zhang Haibin
Published: March 2020

In-situ grown C0.3N0.7Ti and SiC, which derived from non-oxide additives Ti3SiC2, are proposed to densify silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics with enhanced mechanical performance. Remarkable increase of density from 79.20% to 95.48% could be achieved for Si3N4 ceramics with 5vol% Ti3SiC2. The capillarity of decomposed Si from Ti3SiC2, and in-situ reaction between nonstoichiometric TiCx and Si3N4 were believed to be responsible for densification of Si3N4 ceramics. An obvious enhancement of flexural strength and fracture toughness for Ti3SiC2 doped Si3N4 ceramics was observed. The maximum flexural strength of 795 MPa for Si3N4 composites with 5vol% Ti3SiC2 and maximum fracture toughness of 6.97 MPa.m1/2 for Si3N4 composites with 20vol% Ti3SiC2 are achieved when mixed powders are hot-press sintered at 1700℃. Pull out of elongated Si3N4 grains, crack bridging, crack branching and crack deflection were demonstrated to dominate enhance fracture toughness of Si3N4 composites.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 – COVID-19
Authors: Dhama Kuldeep , Sharun Khan , Tiwari Ruchi , Sircar Shubhankar , Bhat Sudipta , Malik Yashpal Singh , Singh Karam Pal , Chaicumpa Wanpen , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: March 2020

In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and coronaviruses (CoV). Recently, a new type of viral infection has emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus does not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes such as food-borne transmission should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows a less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases. Compared to other emerging viruses such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus may have been transferred from an animal source such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended.
Development of a Meniscal Ossicle After a Meniscal Root Repair Augmented with Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Authors: Eliasberg Claire D. , Lin Kenneth M. , Bauer Thomas W. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: March 2020

Case:

A 17-year-old boy had persistent knee pain 1 year after medial meniscal root repair augmented with bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intrameniscal ossicle which was not present on MRI performed before 6 months. He underwent arthroscopic excision of the meniscal ossicle. At the 7-month follow-up, he had complete relief of his pain.

Conclusions:

It is possible that the meniscal ossicle developed because of osteoinductive cells and cytokines from the injected bone marrow or the drill hole for root repair and should be considered as a possible complication of this procedure.
Model Kurikulum Fullday School dengan Sistem Terpadu di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Islam Terpadu Cordova Samarinda
Authors: Kadi Titi
Published: February 2020

The appearance phenomenon of Integrated Islamic Elementary School (IIES) that recently sponsored by Jaringan Sekolah Islam Terpadu (JSIT) in the middle of merger trend of Elementary schools which are lack of student is interesting to observe. One of the Integrated Islamic Elementary School in Samarinda which applied the curriculum concept with full day school system is the Integrated Islamic Elemantary School of Cordova Samarinda. Cordova itself taken from the famous University name in the Turkish reign of Usmani, which the education of Muslim was growing faster at that time. Curriculum and learning in IIES of Cordova integrate the general learning with the religion learning equally, even they also add the Islamic values into all general learning subject  without decreasing the quality of learning value. The aim of this research are to observe: a) the curriculum model of full day school with integrated system in Integrated Islamic Elementary School of Cordova Samarinda, b) the curriculum development model of full day school with integrated system in Integrated Islamic Elementary School of Cordova Samarinda, c) the implementation of the curriculum model of full day school with integrated system in Integrated Islamic Elementary School of Cordova Samarinda is. This research utilizes the qualitative approach, where the data collecting technique used were observation, in depth interview, and document study. The analysis technique used was non statistic, which done by analyzing through the description of words or sentences in the form of explanation for the conclusion. In analyzing the data, the researcher used phasing which are as follows : (a) analyzing the data from all sources, (b) reducing the data, (c) arranging the data in units, (d) categorizing while conducting the coding, (e) checking the data validity. The finding of this research can be presented as follows : Curriculum model in IIES of Cordova is the integrated curriculum between KTSP, JSIT, character education, and local curriculum. Curriculum development model in IIES of Cordova Samarinda has the support of the stakeholders which called the “grass roots system” approach. The steps are (a) make the development group of KTSP in the school, (b) held the FGD between the development group and the stakeholders, (c) make the KTSP draft, (d) the school principle or the vice of curriculum need to make the validity to the school committee, and draft legalization to the education board, (e) the supervised KTSP draft has been through the process of validation and legalization, KTSP document is implementative for the school. Curriculum implementation model in IIES of Cordova Samarinda consists of the parenting integration : formal, nonformal, and informal design. Material integration : religion, general, talent and interest, also life skill. Field integration : cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Process integration are learning and hidden curriculum.
Pendidikan Islam Inspiratif
Authors: Suparlan Suparlan
Published: February 2020

Philosophical orientation of inspirational Islamic education should be universal-based education and multidimensional perspective (Good, human, and nature). It should enable to create the qualified future leaders who can play a role as rahmatan lil’alamin. Its objective is to reconstruct the experiences of human civilization and to fulfill human duties in developing the humanity. The model of inspirational Islamic education is directed to the quality of the educational processes and the teaching and learning, so that it could produce the human resources who has good competency that are needed in the society. The implementation of inspirational Islamic education involves all parties in the process of education, such as: teachers, teaching staffs, students and others who contribute the teaching and learning comprehensively. The teaching and learning of inspirational Islamic education involves three aspects, they are: experiences, reflection, and action. The experiences can be achieved not only from ourselves, but it also gained from the interaction with other people. The experiences are used to understand better, to find the meaning of humanity, to color the society, to encourage motivation, faith and belief. The output of inspirational Islamic education is the human who have good characters, beautiful attitude, skills, and the ones who always motivate themselves to be meaningful for his/her environment.
Menilai Kesulitan Belajar Peserta Didik akibat Speech Disorder
Authors: Zurqoni Zurqoni
Published: February 2020

Speech disorder is one of the factors that causes learning difficulties of students because this disturbance will impede the communication and familiarization process in their learning community. Speech disorder not only causes disharmony in themselves but also brings negative influence in their learning activities, which in the long run will cause certain difficulties in achieving satisfactory academic performance. Speech disorder in commonly marked by some subtitution symtoms, distortion, omission, clonic spasm dan tonic spasm, which are caused by heredity or inappropriate treatment by people living surrounding the students. Currative effort can be done integratively both psychis therapy and physical medication in order to improve students harmonization as a prerequisite for learning activities.
Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Suhaimi Suhaimi
Published: February 2020

In an effort to produce a quality lesson that is run by teachers, the steps taken in the education system is an intense and continuous coaching in the form of academic supervision given to teachers to improve their ability to run a quality learning process. Guidance to the teacher's essence is an act of giving assistance to improve his ability in running the learning process. The reason for coaching is given to the teacher is that the ability of the teacher must always be improved especially in the techniques related to the learning process that must be executed. The failure of teachers in the learning process is more due to the ability of teachers who are still low in the science of teaching. It may be that the teacher has had enough qualifications or even master's degrees, but is still weak in his teaching. So the ability of teachers in running a quality learning process is still low. Suharsimi Arikunto asserted that the main activity of supervision is to provide guidance to the school/madrasah in general and especially to the teachers for better learning quality, which in turn improves students' learning achievement. in the Government Regulation Number 19 Year 2005 on Education Standards specially contained in Chapter IV Article 19 paragraph (3) states that every year education performs planning of learning process, implementation of learning process, assessment of learning activity, and supervision of learning process for the implementation of effective learning process and efficient.
Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Nasir Muhammad
Published: February 2020

The Qur'an asserts that the purpose of human creation is to serve (al-Ibadah) to Allah. Serving in this case includes the meaning of submission, helplessness, weakness, servitude, obedience and obedience of man to the law of God in living life on earth, whether ritual worship concerning vertical relationship (habl min Allah) and social worship concerning horizontal (hablun min al -Nas). The purpose of human creation is basically the ultimate goal of Islamic education. In order to achieve the goal of human creation as well as the goals of Islamic education above, the setting of objectives, content and teaching materials, learning strategies and evaluation of Islamic education becomes very important to do. Setting objectives may include the arrangement of the herarchical side of the broadest goal to the most narrow goals and objective categories of spiritual, social, knowledge and skill objectives. While the content setting can cover the breadth and depth of material including the development of teaching materials that support. Strategy settings include various models, approaches, strategies, methods, techniques and learning experiences that facilitate the delivery of content and teaching materials to achieve goals. Furthermore, the assessment arrangement includes various types of penilian either in the form of assessment that besifat qualitative or quantitative or assessment that is test or non test.
Implementasi Model Discovery Learning dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti di SMAN 1 Bulukumba
Authors: Muhammad Asbar Andi
Published: February 2020

The results of research on the implementation of discovery learning model on the subjects of Islamic Education and Character in SMAN 1 Bulukumba, is a model of discovery learning has been applied by Islamic Education Teachers and Character in SMAN 1 Bulukumba in terms of input, process and output components. In the learning needs to be evaluated, especially on aspects of process components and output components on aspects of student skills. Educators are required to maximize in applying the learning model in order to obtain a quality learning situation, active and develop the attitude and knowledge of students. The application of the discovery learning model is not an easy task, by which the teacher takes a lot of time and not all students are able to make the discovery, this model does not apply to all topics. Related to the time and strategy of discovery learning requires a longer duration, due to the rational thinking ability of students is still limited and cultural factors or habits that still use the old learning patterns. The implication of this research, it is expected that the teacher of Islamic Education and Character can implement the scientific approach of discovery learning model in the learning process in class well, evaluate, repair and development both in terms of planning, implementation and assessment in using discovery learning model to run effective and systematic. And the creation of student-centered learning oriented development of attitudes, knowledge and skills of students.
Evaluation of Sex Hormone Levels in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients Treated with 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor (Finasteride) in Amara city/Iraq
Authors: Et al. Hashim
Published: March 2020

The present study aimed to determine the serum sex hormone levels among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients before and after 3 months of oral administration of 5-α reductase inhibitor(finasteride). Forty BPH patients and 40 healthy men from Amara city were involved in this study, their ages were between 40-59 year. They were all subjected  to direct estimation of hormones by MinVidas method including Testosterone (T), Estradiol (E2), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), and Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) before and after 3 months of treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) (the healthy individuals didn’t take finasteride).The results showed that T level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in pre-treated compared to the post-treated patients and control group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the two latter groups. Levels of E2 - and DHT were significantly lower (P<0.01) in post-treated compared to the pre-treated patients with no significant difference with control group, while they were significantly higher (P<0.01) in pre-treated patients compared to control group. FSH and LH levels showed no significant differences in the pre-treated in comparison with post-treated and control groups. PRL levels insignificantly higher in pre-treated in comparison with post-treated patients, while significantly higher (P<0.05) in comparison with control group, with the later showing a significant lower (P<0.05) in comparison with post-treated patients. It is concluded that 5α-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) plays a role in decreasing levels of DHT and E2 which have vital roles in enlargement of prostate.
Quantitative Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Contaminated Soils by HPLC with Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Qassim Bashar hussin
Published: March 2020

This work reports the development of an analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of three fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL) in soil matrix. The proposed method was performed by using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE) for samples purification, and finally the pre-concentrated samples were analyzed by HPLC detector. In this study, various organic solvents were tested to extract the test compounds, and the extraction performance was evaluated by testing various parameters including extraction solvent, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature and number of the extraction cycles. The current method showed a good linearity over the concentration ranging from 1 – 300ng g-1 with correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.998) for all test compounds. Good recoveries were also obtained for the test compounds ranged from 89 – 99 %. The relative standard deviation (RSD) from intra-day and inter-day precision was lower than 7%, and the detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits ranged from 0.9 – 2.7ng g-1.Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine the target compounds in real soil samples irrigated with wastewater. The results confirm the presence of the test compounds in soils with values ranging from 1.9 – 4.6ng g-1, as well as the suitability of the proposed method to determine the test compounds in real soil matrix as well as the ability of the test compounds to accumulate in soils irrigated with sewage.
Role of Carbon Dioxide on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel Reinforcing Bar in Simulating Concrete Electrolyte
Authors: AL-Sammarraie Abdulkareem M.A.
Published: March 2020

The main factors that make it possible to get the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete are chloride ions and the absorption of carbon dioxide from the environment, and each of them works with a mechanism which destroys the stable immunity of rebar in the concrete. In this work the effect of carbon dioxide content in the artificial concrete solution on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel reinforcing bar (CSRB) was studied, potentiostatically using CO2 stream gas at 6 level of concentrations;  0.03 to 2.0  weight percent, and the effect of rising electrolyte temperature was also followed  in the range 20 to 50ᴼ C. Tafel plots and cyclic polarization procedures were obeyed to investigate the corrosion parameters and pitting susceptibility respectively. The change in the microstructure and morphology of the CSRB after polarization in the simulate concrete solution was studied using optical and atomic force microscopes. The results show that the corrosion rate of the CSRB in artificial concrete greatly increases with the existence of CO2 gas and highly depends on its concentration in the range 0.03 to 2.0% .No sign for pitting corrosion is recorded at all CO2 concentrations and the general corrosion is the main problem in the conditions under consideration.
Some Metal Ions Complexes Derived From Schiff Base Ligand with Anthranillic Acid: Preparation, Spectroscopic and Biological Studies
Authors: Karem Lekaa khalid
Published: March 2020

This search includes the preparation of Schiff base ligand (SB) from condensation primary amine with vanillin. The new ligand was diagnosed by spectroscopic methods as Mass, NMR, CHN and FTIR. Ligand complexes were mixed from new (SB) and Anthranillic acid (A) with five metal (II) chlorides. The preparation and diagnosis were conducted by FTIR, CHN, UV-visible, molar conductivity, atomic absorption and magnetic moment. The octahedral geometrical shape of the complexes was proposed. The ligands and their new complexes were screened with two different types of bacteria.
A Comparative Study on the Double Prior for Reliability Kumaraswamy Distribution with Numerical Solution
Authors: Et al. Abraheem
Published: March 2020

This work, deals with Kumaraswamy distribution. Kumaraswamy (1976, 1978) showed well known probability distribution functions such as the normal, beta and log-normal but in (1980) Kumaraswamy developed a more general probability density function for double bounded random processes, which is known as Kumaraswamy’s distribution. Classical maximum likelihood and Bayes methods estimator are used to estimate the unknown shape parameter (b). Reliability function are obtained using symmetric loss functions by using three types of informative priors two single priors and one double prior. In addition, a comparison is made for the performance of these estimators with respect to the numerical solution which are found using expansion method. The results showed that the reliability estimator under Rn and R3 is the best.
Increased levels of serum Hcy and UA as well as the thickness of carotid intima-media correlates with the severity of coronary artery lesions
Authors: Tan Changming , Li Jianming , Zhou Yangzhao , Xu Feng
Published: March 2020

Background: To investigate the correlation between serum homocysteine (Hcy) and uric acid (UA) levels as well as the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the severity of coronary artery lesions in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 156 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with CHD were recruited in the study group; 54 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Serum Hcy and UA levels, IMT, SYNTAX score and Sullivan scores were measured and analyzed by Pearson correlation. The study group were further divided into low (≤20 points, n=72), middle (21-39 points, n=56) and high (≥40 points, n=28) score groups according to their SYNTAX score and the levels of other indexes between them were compared. The risk factors for CHD and the correlation were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: SYNTAX scores showed that the levels of serum Hcy, UA, and the IMT in middle [(20.03 ± 7.88) μmol/L, (326.34 ± 79.34) μmol/L, (1.26 ± 0.07) mm)] and high score [(28.98 ± 8.04) μmol/L, (456.67 ± 98.34) μmol/L, (1.33 ± 0.08) mm] groups were significantly higher compared to the low score group [(11.34 ± 3.83) μmol/L, (206.78 ± 60.45) μmol/L, (1.19 ± 0.05) mm)], while the high score group had the highest levels (all P < 0.001). Serum Hcy, UA levels and the IMT were positively correlated with SYNTAX and Sullivan scores (all P < 0.001). Additionally, male gender, smoking, history of hypertension, systolic pressure, pulse pressure, Hcy, UA, IMT, and BMI independently correlated with the severity of CHD (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: The serum levels of Hcy and UA and the IMT in patients with CHD were significantly elevates, and positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions, which may serve as diagnostic indicators.
Machine-learning (ML) reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Author) Doctor Busizwe Sibandze(Former Corresponding , Magazi Beki Themba , Malinga Lesibana Anthony , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Shey Bong Akee , Author) Jotam G Pasipanodya(New Corresponding , Mbelle Nontombi N
Published: March 2020

Background
There is a general dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). We investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients treated in the Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa.
Methods
Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary samples from unique EPTB patients underwent further mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. MTBDR plus assay was used to test for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility. ML algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Of the 70 isolates examined, the largest cluster comprised of 25 (36%) Mtb strains that belonged to the East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within chains of transmission when compared to the Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR= 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56-116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and skin TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR=12.69 (95% CI: 1.82-141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor.
Conclusions
Majority of Mtb strains circulating in the Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages. Each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB transmission. Since 25% of the drug resistance was attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, we hypothesize that poor anti-tuberculosis drug dosing might have a role in the resistance.
Periodontal inflamed surface area in patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a Croatian cross-sectional study
Authors: Smojver Bojana Križan , Altabas Karmela , Knotek Mladen , Jukić Nikolina Bašić , Aurer Andrej
Published: March 2020

Background: The decision to initiate dialysis treatment via haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) often involves the consideration of complex factors and remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to quantify the inflammatory burden that periodontitis causes in dialysis patients and to examine whether patients on PD and HD differ in terms of the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), which can be helpful for selecting the most appropriate dialysis modality.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 58 consecutive patients on HD and 31 consecutive patients on PD. PISA was calculated using measurements of the clinical attachment level, recession and bleeding on probing. We performed the primary analysis using multivariable robust regression.
Results: Patients on PD had a 746 mm2 (93%) lower mean PISA than patients on HD after adjustment for 20 possible confounders, including the duration of dialysis. The type of dialysis was independently correlated with the PISA (semipartial correlation: -0.50; p=0.017; false discovery rate<5%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the correlation between the duration and type of dialysis was not significant (F (2,44)=0.01; p=0.994; η2=0.00). Differences in the PISA between patients who had undergone dialysis for less than a year, 2-3 years or ≥3 years were not significantly different in either of the two dialysis groups.
Conclusions: PISA levels in Croatian patients on dialysis indicate a high need for periodontal treatment. PD is associated with a smaller PISA independent of many sociodemographic, lifestyle, laboratory and clinical factors. The duration of dialysis does not influence PISA levels.
Contextual and individual determinants of tooth loss in adults: a multilevel study
Authors: Roberto Luana Leal , Silveira Marise Fagundes , De Paula Alfredo Mauricio Batista , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira , Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério De Barros Lima , Haikal Desirée Sant'Ana
Published: March 2020

Background: Tooth loss represents a known marker of health inequality. The association between tooth loss and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions is evident when analyzed at an individual level. However, the effects of contextual characteristics on tooth loss need to be better investigated and understood. The objective of this study was to analyze tooth loss among Brazilian adults (35-44 years of age), in accordance with individual and contextual social characteristics. Methods: This was a multilevel cross-sectional study with data from 9,564 adult participants from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey - SBBrasil 2010. The dependent variable was the number of lost teeth and the independent variables were grouped into structural (socioeconomic & political context) and intermediary (socioeconomic position, behavioral & biological factors, and health services) determinants. Multilevel Hierarchical Negative Binomial Regression was conducted and the Mean Ratio (MR) was estimated. Results: Brazilian adults lost a mean of 7.57 (95% CI 7.1-8.1) teeth. Among the contextual variables, the number of teeth lost was higher among residents of municipalities with high and medium/low Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and in municipalities that did not have public water fluoridation. Among the individual variables, dental loss was higher among those who declared themselves yellow/black/brown/indigenous, were older, who had lower income, who had never visited a dentist, who had used dental services for more than a year and those whose most recent visit to the dentist was due to oral health problems. On the other hand, dental loss was lower among adults with higher education levels and males. Conclusions: The number of missing teeth was associated with unfavorable contextual and individual conditions, which reinforces the need to reduce social inequality and guarantee regular, lifetime access to dental services.
Glistening formation in a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens
Authors: Yildirim Timur M. , Fang Hui , Schickhardt Sonja K. , Wang Qiang , Merz Patrick R. , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: March 2020

Background:
The formation of fluid-filled microvacuoles, termed glistenings, is a common complication of intraocular lenses (IOLs) made from hydrophobic acrylate. Using our well-established in-vitro laboratory method, we evaluated a new IOL material’s resistance to glistening formation.
Methods:
An in-vitro stress test for glistening induction was performed on twenty samples of hydrophobic acrylic IOLs: ten of the new Eyecryl ASHFY600 (Biotech Vision Care, Ahmedabad, India) compared with ten samples of AcrySof IQ SN60WF (Alcon, Fort Worth, USA). The number of microvacuoles per square millimetre (MV/mm 2 ) was evaluated in five sections of each IOL. The results for each model were compared and rated on the Miyata Scale for grading glistening severity.
Results:
In all cases, glistening number was higher in the central section of the IOL optic than in the periphery. Mean number of MV/mm 2 was highest in the central part of the AcrySof IQ SN60WF, with 41.84 (±27.67) MVs/mm². The lowest number of glistenings was found in the five sections of the Eyecryl ASHFY600 with 0.52 (±0.24) MVs/mm². Mean value of the Eyecryl ASHFY600 IOL, using the Miyata Scale, was Zero.
Conclusion:
In this in-vitro laboratory study, the new hydrophobic acrylic IOL showed a high resistance to microvacuole formation. Results from this in-vitro study suggest that glistening numbers will be low in clinical use in the Eyecryl ASHFY600.
Misdiagnosis rate of the prolonged disorders of consciousness on a clinical consensus compared with a repeated Coma-Recovery Scale-Revised assessment
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Xiaohua , Hu Zhouyao , Sun Ziwei , Laureys Steven , Di Haibo
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown that a single Coma-Recovery Scale-Revision (CRS-R) assessment can identify high misdiagnosis rate for a clinical consensus. The aim of this study was to investigate the misdiagnosis rate of clinical consensus compared to repeated behavior scale assessments in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC).
Methods: Patients with prolonged DOC during hospitalization were screened by clinicians, and the clinicians formed a clinical consensus diagnosis. Trained professionals also used the CRS-R to evaluate the consciousness levels of the enrolled patients for repeated times (≥5 times) within a week. After the repeated evaluation results, the enrolled patients with prolonged DOC were divided into unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), minimally conscious state (MCS), and emergence from MCS (EMCS). Furthermore, the relationship between the results of the CRS-R and the clinical consensus were analyzed.
Results: In this study, 137 patients with a clinical consensus of prolonged DOC were enrolled. After the single CRS-R behavior evaluation, it was found that the misdiagnosis rate of clinical MCS was 24.7%, while the repeated CRS-R evaluation results showed that the misdiagnosis rate of clinical MCS was 38.2%. A total of 16.7% of EMCS cases were misdiagnosed as MCS, and 1.1% of EMCS cases were misdiagnosed as UWS.
Conclusions: The current clinical consensus of the misdiagnosis rate is still relatively high. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the importance of the bedside CRS-R behavior assessment and should apply the CRS-R tool to daily procedures.
TP53 p.Arg72Pro polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk: A meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Diakite Brehima , Kassogue Yaya , Dolo Guimogo , Wang Jun , Neuschler Erin , Kassogue Oumar , Keita Mamadou , Traore Cheick Bougari , Kamate Bakarou , Dembele Etienne , Sellama Nadifi , Murphy Robert , Doumbia Seydou , Hou Lifang , Maiga Mamoudou
Published: March 2020

Background :The effect of the p.Arg72Pro variant of the P53 gene on the risk of developmentof breast cancer remains variable in populations. However, the use of strategiessuchas pooling age-matched controls with disease cases may provide a solid meta-analysis. Our goal was to perform a meta-analysis in order to assessthe association of p.Arg72Provariant of P53 gene with breast cancer risk. Methods : Databases such as PubMed, Genetics Medical Literature, Harvard University Library, Web of Science and Genesis Library were used to search articles. Age-matched case-control studies on breast cancer that have evaluated the genotype frequencies of the p.Arg72Pro of P53 gene were selected. The fixed and random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) were calculated using pooled odds ratio of 95% CI to determine the risk of disease. Inconsistency was calculated to determine heterogeneity among the studies. The publication bias was estimated using the funnel plot. Results : Twenty-one publications with cases age-matched controls including7841disease cases and 8876controls were evaluated in this meta-analysis. Overall, our results suggested that p.Arg72ProP53 was associated with a risk for breast cancer for the dominant model (OR= 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.16; P= 0.01) and the additive model (OR= 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01-1.17; P= 0.03), but not in the recessive model (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.97-1.16; P= 0.19). According to the ethnic group, allele Pro has been associated with breast cancer risk in Europeans for the dominant and additive models. Conclusions : This meta-analysis found a significant association between p.Arg72Pro in the P53 gene and the risk of breast cancer. Individuals carrying at least one Pro allele of the P53 gene are more likely to have breast cancer with dominant and additive models than individualsharboringthe Arg allele.
Resistance against macrocyclic lactones in Psoroptes ovis in cattle
Authors: Mol Wouter van , De Wilde Nathalie , Casaert Stijn , Chen Zhenzhen , Vanhecke Marieke , Duchateau Luc , Claerebout Edwin
Published: March 2020

Background

Psoroptic mange is an important disease in Belgian Blue cattle. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones against Psoroptes ovis has been reported, but clear evidence of in vivo resistance is lacking. This study assessed the efficacy of macrocyclic lactone products on 16 beef farms in Belgium and the Netherlands in vivo and in vitro .

Methods

On each farm a group of animals ( n = 7–14) with psoroptic mange was treated with two subcutaneous injections of a macrocyclic lactone product with 7–10 days interval (15 farms) or a single injection with a long-acting macrocyclic lactone (1 farm). In vivo efficacy was assessed by the reduction in mite counts, clinical index (proportion of the body surface affected by lesions), the proportion of the animals with negative mite counts after the first treatment round and the number of treatment rounds needed to obtain zero mites counts in all animals. A mite population was categorized as sensitive when the mite count reduction after the first treatment round > 95% and the lower limit of the uncertainty interval > 90%. Resistance was detected when both parameters were below their threshold and suspected when one parameter was too low. In vitro knockdown and mortality were evaluated in a contact test.

Results

The proportion of the animals with negative mite counts after the first treatment round varied from 0 to 80%. All farms needed two or more treatments rounds to obtain zero mite counts on all animals. Clinical index only started to reduce after the second treatment round. Mite populations from three farms were categorized as sensitive, one as suspected resistant and 12 as resistant. No correlation was found between in vitro lethal dose 50 and knockdown dose 50 values and in vivo efficacy parameters.

Conclusions

Unambiguous treatment failure was detected on 12 out of 16 farms, confirming the presence of macrocyclic lactone resistance on Belgian Blue beef farms. In vitro parameters could not discriminate the farms based on their in vivo sensitivity. The mean reduction in mite counts and the lower limit of the confidence interval are proposed as parameters to identify acaricide resistance.
Predictors of acute intracranial hemorrhage and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma following burr hole drainage
Authors: Chen FuMei , Wang Ke , Xu KangLi , Wang Li , Zhan TianXiang , Cheng Fei , Wang Hao , Chen Zuo-Bing , Gao Liang , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: March 2020

Background

To investigate predictors of postoperative acute intracranial hemorrhage (AIH) and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) after burr hole drainage.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent burr hole drainage for CSDH between January 2013 and March 2019.

Results

A total of 448 CSDH patients were enrolled in the study. CSDH recurrence occurred in 60 patients, with a recurrence rate of 13.4%. The mean time interval between initial burr hole drainage and recurrence was 40.8±28.3 days. Postoperative AIH developed in 23 patients, with an incidence of 5.1%. The mean time interval between initial burr hole drainage and postoperative AIH was 4.7±2.9 days. Bilateral hematoma, hyperdense hematoma and anticoagulant drug use were independent predictors of recurrence in the multiple logistic regression analyses. Preoperative headache was an independent risk factor of postoperative AIH in the multiple logistic regression analyses, however, intraoperative irrigation reduced the incidence of postoperative AIH.

Conclusions

This study found that bilateral hematoma, hyperdense hematoma and anticoagulant drug use were independently associated with CSDH recurrence. Clinical presentation of headache was the strongest predictor of postoperative AIH, and intraoperative irrigation decreased the incidence of postoperative AIH.