bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD8 T cells are dispensable for experimental autoimmune prostatitis induction and chronic pelvic pain development
Authors: Salazar Florencia C. , Martinez Maria S. , Paira Daniela A. , Chocobar Yair A. , Olivera Carolina , Godoy Gloria J. , Acosta-Rodriguez Eva V. , Rivero Virginia E. , Motrich Ruben D.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome or Chronic Prostatitis (CPPS/CP) is the most prevalent urologic affliction among young adult men. It is a challenging condition to treat, which significantly decreases patient quality of life, mostly because of its still uncertain aetiology. In that regard, an autoimmune origin is a prominent supported theory. Indeed, studies in patients and in rodent models of Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP) have provided compelling evidence suggesting a key role of CD4 Th1 cells in disease pathogenesis. However, the implication of other prominent effectors of the immune system, such as CD8 T cells, has yet to be studied.

Methods

We herein analyzed the induction of prostatitis and the development of chronic pelvic pain in EAP using CD8 T cell-deficient animals.

Results

We found similarly elevated PA-specific immune responses, with high frequencies of specific IFNg+CD4+ and IL17+CD4+ T cells in prostate draining lymph nodes from PA-immunized either CD8 KO or wild type animals with respect to controls. Moreover, these peripheral immune responses were paralleled by the development of significant chronic pelvic pain, and accompanied by prostate histological lesions, characterized by hemorrhage, epithelial cell desquamation, marked periglandular leukocyte infiltration, and increased collagen deposition in both, PA-immunized CD8 KO and wild type animals. As expected, control animals did not develop prostate histological lesions.

Discussion

Our results indicate that CD8 T cells do not play a major role in EAP pathogenesis and chronic pelvic pain development. Moreover, our results corroborate the previous notion that a CD4 Th1 associated immune response drives the induction of prostate tissue inflammation and the development of chronic pelvic pain.
Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in classical hodgkin lymphoma, regulates key signaling pathways, PD-L1 and may represent a new target for therapy
Authors: Ruggeri Edoardo , Frezzato Federica , Mouawad Nayla , Pizzi Marco , Scarmozzino Federico , Capasso Guido , Trimarco Valentina , Quotti Tubi Laura , Cellini Alessandro , Cavarretta Chiara Adele , Ruocco Valeria , Serafin Andrea , Angotzi Francesco , Danesin Nicolò , Manni Sabrina , Facco Monica , Piazza Francesco , Trentin Livio , Visentin Andrea
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the survival of neoplastic cells is mediated by the activation of NF-κB, JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, consisting of two catalytic (α) and two regulatory (β) subunits, which is involved in several cellular processes and both subunits were found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.

Methods and results

Biochemical analyses and in vitro assays showed an impaired expression of CK2 subunits in cHL, with CK2α being overexpressed and a decreased expression of CK2β compared to normal B lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CK2β was found to be ubiquitinated in all HL cell lines and consequently degraded by the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, at basal condition STAT3, NF-kB and AKT are phosphorylated in CK2-related targets, resulting in constitutive pathways activation. The inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945/silmitasertib triggered the de-phosphorylation of NF-κB-S529, STAT3-S727, AKT-S129 and -S473, leading to cHL cell lines apoptosis. Moreover, CX-4945/silmitasertib was able to decrease the expression of the immuno-checkpoint CD274/PD-L1 but not of CD30, and to synergize with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the microtubule inhibitor of brentuximab vedotin.

Conclusions

Our data point out a pivotal role of CK2 in the survival and the activation of key signaling pathways in cHL. The skewed expression between CK2α and CK2β has never been reported in other lymphomas and might be specific for cHL. The effects of CK2 inhibition on PD-L1 expression and the synergistic combination of CX-4945/silmitasertib with MMAE pinpoints CK2 as a high-impact target for the development of new therapies for cHL
The role of E2F2 in cancer progression and its value as a therapeutic target
Authors: Gao Yang , Qiao Xinjie , Liu Zhenhui , Zhang Wenzhou
Published: May 2024

The E2F family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Accumulative evidence indicates that aberrant expression or activation of E2F2 is a common phenomenon in malignances. E2F2 has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of various types of tumors. A wealth of research has substantiated that E2F2 could contribute to the enhancement of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. Moreover, E2F2 exerts its influence on a myriad of cellular processes by engaging with a spectrum of auxiliary factors and downstream targets, including apoptosis and DNA repair. The dysregulation of E2F2 in the context of carcinogenesis may be attributable to a multitude of mechanisms, which encompass modifications in upstream regulatory elements or epigenetic alterations. This review explores the function of E2F2 in cancer progression and both established and emerging therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting this oncogenic pathway, while also providing a strong basis for further research on the biological function and clinical applications of E2F2.
Effectiveness of different booster vaccine combinations against SARS-CoV-2 during a six-month follow-up in Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Garza-Silva Arnulfo , Rivera-Salinas Diego , Rivera-Cavazos Andrea , Fernández-Chau Iván Francisco , Cepeda-Medina Andrea Belinda , Morales-Rodríguez Devany Paola , Barco-Flores Irene Antonieta , Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Acciardi Cecilia , Paez-Bo Graciela , Teixeira Mauro M. , Azzolini Elena , Pozzi Chiara , Rescigno Maria , Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Given the limited number of patients in Latin America who have received a booster dose against the COVID-19, it remains crucial to comprehend the effectiveness of different vaccine combinations as boosters in real-world scenarios. This study aimed to assess the real-life efficacy of seven different vaccine schemes against COVID-19, including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and CoronaVac as primary schemes with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S as booster vaccines.

Methods

In this multicentric longitudinal observational study, participants from Mexico and Argentina were followed for infection and SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1–2 IgG antibodies during their primary vaccination course and for 185 days after the booster dose.

Results

A total of 491 patients were included, and the booster dose led to an overall increase in the humoral response for all groups. Patients who received BNT162b2 exhibited the highest antibody levels after the third dose, while those with primary Gam-COVID-Vac maintained a higher level of antibodies after six months. Infection both before vaccination and after the booster dose, and Gam-COVIDVac + BNT162b2 combination correlated with higher antibody titers.

Discussion

The sole predictor of infection in the six-month follow-up was a prior COVID-19 infection before the vaccination scheme, which decreased the risk of infection, and all booster vaccine combinations conveyed the same amount of protection.
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 interaction with inflammation and clinical characteristics in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wegener Maria Alexandra Bandehkhoda , Möller Sören , Olesen Mads Nikolaj , Madsen Jonna Skov , Sorensen Grith Lykke , Voss Anne , Asgari Nasrin
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Central nervous system (CNS) proteins such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are released into the body fluids following CNS injury. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein. Recently we reported expression of MFAP4 in CNS and alteration of levels in patients with acute neuroinflammation. We aimed to determine the levels of MFAP4 in a predominantly population-based cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, including neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), and to evaluate MFAP4 as a marker of inflammation.

Methods

In total 208 SLE patients, 44 of those with NPSLE, and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. MFAP4 was measured using AlphaLISA immunoassay. NfL, GFAP and a panel of inflammatory mediators were measured using Simoa HD-1 digital ELISA or a Luminex 200 instrument.

Results

MFAP4 levels were elevated in patients with NPSLE compared to patients with non-NPSLE (p = 0.031), more prominent in NPSLE patients with CNS involvement (p = 0.017). NfL and GFAP were higher in the total SLE cohort (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) as well as NPSLE subgroup (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively), and in the subgroup of NPSLE patients with CNS involvement (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), compared to HC. NfL and GFAP levels correlated positively with MFAP4 in the NPSLE as well as the non-NPSLE subgroup (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.003, ρ = 0.25, p = 0.004). VEGF was reduced in NPSLE patients compared to HC (p = 0.015). MMP-9 was elevated in NPSLE compared to non-NPSLE (p = 0.048). Inflammatory markers including IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, were elevated in the NPSLE group compared to HC (p < 0.001, p = 0.0026, p = 0.042, p = 0.007, respectively). In NPSLE patients the levels of MFAP4 correlated with TNF-α (p = 0.016) and IL-17 (p = 0.0044) and with markers of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption MMP-7 (p = 0.005) and VEGF (p < 0.001). In NPSLE patients with CNS manifestations MMP-3 and VEGF correlated with MFAP4 (p = 0.011, p = 0.0004, respectively).

Conclusion

Levels of MFAP4 correlated with NfL, GFAP and proinflammatory cytokines and in NPSLE additionally with markers of BBB disruption, suggesting that MFAP4 is a marker of inflammation and vascular re-organization. Correlation of NfL and GFAP with MFAP4 may reflect CNS tissue damage.
Electronic mechanical braking system executive mechanism design, calculation, and modeling based on dynamic control
Authors: Wu Xinping , He Rongnian , Ge Han , Chen Mengyu
Published: May 2024

Introduction: As science and technology develop, automobiles are moving toward intelligence and electrification and need better braking systems.

Methods: To improve the braking system’s response speed and braking effect, a longitudinal dynamics control system for automobiles based on the electronic mechanical braking system was proposed, and the electronic mechanical braking system was improved through automatic disturbance rejection control.

Results: The experimental results show that the time required for achieving the target clamping force in the electronic mechanical braking system using self-disturbance rejection control and proportional integral differential control is only 0.01 s, but there is an issue of excessive control in the proportional integral differential system between 0.12 s and 0.2 s, while the self-disturbance rejection controller does not have this problem. Meanwhile, regardless of the interference applied, the electronic mechanical braking system with automatic disturbance rejection control can ensure that the clamping force does not fluctuate. In the joint simulation experiment, the expected acceleration and actual acceleration can remain consistent, and if the expected braking force is 9000 N, then the actual braking force of the electronic mechanical brake (EMB) is also 9000 N.

Discussion: The above results indicate that the vehicle longitudinal dynamics control system using the electronic mechanical braking system not only responds fast but also has a good braking effect, avoiding the problem of excessive control and improving the driving experience.
Validation of the antibacterial effect of topically applied tranexamic acid using in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Benjumea Antonio , Díaz-Navarro Marta , Gago-Campos Ángela Sai , Visedo Andrés , Hafian Rama , Cercenado Emilia , Sánchez-Somolinos Mar , Muñoz Patricia , Vaquero Javier , Chana Francisco , Guembe María
Published: May 2024

Background

Several studies have shown that tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic, reduces postoperative infection rates. Recent in vitro research showed that TXA alone and in combination with vancomycin and gentamicin had a synergistic effect against some staphylococcal strains. In the present study, this synergistic effect was validated in samples from patients with staphylococcal periprosthetic infection (PPI) and in an in vivo model.

Methods

We tested 19 clinical strains (5 Staphylococcus aureus and 14 coagulase-negative staphylococci [CoNS]) against 10 mg/ml TXA alone and in combination with serial dilutions of vancomycin and gentamicin. The standardized microtiter plate method was used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were calculated using standard visualization of well turbidity. We also used an S. aureus (ATCC29213) murine subcranial PPI model to compare the synergistic effect of TXA and gentamicin with that of TXA or gentamicin alone after 4 days of monitoring. The mice were euthanized, and disks were removed for analysis of cfu/ml counts and cell viability rate. Biofilm structure of both in vitro and in vivo samples was also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

When TXA was combined with vancomycin or gentamicin, the MIC decreased in 30% of the strains studied. According to species, the MIC50 for vancomycin and gentamicin alone and in combination with TXA against S. aureus strains was the same. This was also the case for CoNS with vancomycin and its corresponding combination, whereas with gentamicin and TXA, a reduction in MIC50 was observed (2 dilutions). In addition, in the in vivo model, the mean (SD) log cfu/ml and cell viability rate obtained from the implant was lower in the group of mice treated with TXA and gentamicin than in those treated only with TXA or gentamicin. SEM images also corroborated our findings in strains in which the MIC was reduced, as well as the in the mice implants, with the area occupied by biofilm being greater in samples treated only with gentamicin or TXA than in those treated with TXA+gentamicin.

Conclusion

We confirm that combining TXA with vancomycin or gentamicin exerts a synergistic effect. However, this only occurs in selected strains.
Protective effect of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides from chicory on alcohol-induced injury in GES-1 cells via Keap1/Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhao Yanan , Lu Hao , Zhang Weichen , Gai Yanan , Niu Guanting , Meng Xiuhua , Lv Han , Qian Xiaoguo , Ding Xiaoqin , Chen Jian
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from chicory possess the ability to regulate host signaling and modify mucosal damage. Yet, the effect and mechanism of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) on gastric mucosa remain unclear. Hence, the protective effect of three scFOS (1-Kestose, Nystose, and 1F-Fructofuranosylnystose) against ethanol-induced injury in gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism involved was investigated in this study. Treatment with 7% ethanol decreased the cell viability of GES-1 cells, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, pretreatment with scFOS exhibited significant improvements in cell viability, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. scFOS markedly elevated the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1 and SOD2, while suppressing the expression of Keap1. scFOS pretreatment could also maintain mitochondrial membrane potential balance and reduce apoptosis. In addition, scFOS was observed to reduce the protein level of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC. In conclusion, scFOS served a preventive function in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in ethanol-exposed GES-1 cells through modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Collectively, the results indicated that scFOS could significantly mitigate ethanol-induced gastric cell damage, suggesting its potential for safeguarding gastrointestinal health.
Progression-free survival estimation of docetaxel-based second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis from 18 randomized control trials
Authors: N Chaithra , Jain Anisha , C Sahana , Shreevatsa Bhargav , Rajendrasozhan Saravanan , Dharmashekar Chandan , Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa , Patil Sharanagouda S. , Singh Pranav , Vishwanath Prashant , Srinivasa Chandrashekar , Kollur Shiva Prasad , Shivamallu Chandan
Published: May 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer-related death globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85–90% of cases. Targeted therapy is the most essential therapeutic option for NSCLC, other common treatments include radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Objective

Our study objective was to estimate whether progression-free survival (PFS) is an outcome of NSCLC extracted from 18 randomized control trials (RCTs) with docetaxel as experimental group and antineoplastic agent, kinase inhibitor, and monoclonal antibodies as a control group.

Methods

We selected relevant studies published between 2011 and 2022 using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Advanced NSCLC, chemotherapy, RCT, docetaxel, and second-line treatment were the terms included in the search. A total of 9738 patients were evaluated from the 18 identified studies. We used the meta package of R Studio to perform the meta-analysis. Graphical funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias visually.

Results

Patients who underwent docetaxel-based therapy had a considerably longer PFS than those who got antineoplastic agents, kinase inhibitors, or monoclonal antibodies-based treatment. Patients in the standard treatment arm had a slightly longer PFS than those in the experimental therapy arm in the overall meta-analysis.

Conclusion

Docetaxel outperformed monoclonal antibodies, antineoplastic agents, and kinase inhibitors in the second-line therapy of advanced NSCLC since PFS was extensively utilized.
Immunohistochemistry analysis of PSMA expression at prostatic biopsy in high-risk prostate cancer: potential implications for PSMA-PET patient selection
Authors: Droghetti Matteo , Bianchi Lorenzo , Presutti Massimiliano , Vetrone Luigia , Farolfi Andrea , Mei Riccardo , Giunchi Francesca , Degiovanni Alessio , Mottaran Angelo , Piazza Pietro , Cangemi Danilo , Castellucci Paolo , D’Errico Antonietta , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Fanti Stefano
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed by normal prostatic tissue. Therefore, molecular imaging targeting PSMA (PSMA-PET) has gained particular interest and diffusion for PCa staging and restaging. Several factors may affect PSMA-PET results, and many tools have been proposed to improve patient selection. Furthermore, PSMA expression is not homogeneous among different tissues and within the prostate itself. The aims of this study were to evaluate immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of prostate biopsy samples and to assess their correlation with whole-mount specimens and PSMA-PET parameters.

Methods

We included consecutive high-risk PCa patients who underwent PSMA-PET for staging proposal at our institution from January 2022 to December 2022. The PET parameters selected were SUVmax, total volume (TV), and total lesion activity (TL). Each patient underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and fusion-targeted prostate biopsy prior to surgery. IHC analyses were performed on the index lesion cores. IHC visual score (VS) (1, 2, 3) and visual pattern (VP) (membranous, cytoplasmic, and combined) and the percentage of PSMA-negative tumor areas (PSMA%neg) within biopsy cores were evaluated.

Results

Forty-three patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy after PSMA-PET were available for analyses. Concordance between VS and VP at biopsy and final pathology showed a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.39 and 0.38, respectively. Patients with PSMA%neg <20% had a higher concordance in VS and VP (Cohen’s kappa 0.49 and 0.4, respectively). No difference emerged in terms of median PSMA-TV (p = 0.3) and PSMA-TL (p = 0.9) according to VS at biopsy, while median SUVmax was higher in patients with VS 3 (p = 0.04). Higher SUVmax was associated with membranous and combined VP expression (p = 0.008). No difference emerged between patients with PSMA%neg <20% or PSMA%neg >20% on biopsy cores in terms of SUVmax, PSMA-TL, and PSMA-TV (p = 0.5, p = 0.5, and p = 0.9 respectively).

Conclusions

We found a correlation between IHC VS and VP on targeted biopsy cores and SUVmax at PSMA-PET. However, the correlation between the IHC parameters of biopsy cores and final pathology was not as high as expected. Nevertheless, the presence of PSMA%neg <20% seems to have a better concordance in terms of visual score.
MAGENTA: a Multinational patient survey assessing the Awareness, perceptions and unmet needs in GENetic Testing and counselling among patients with breAst cancer
Authors: Powell Sarah , Artigas Marta , Borovova Irina , Gadiya Poorva , Hsu Alice , Kaur Ranjit , Kidd Lisa , Rosenfeld Denise , Saeed Mai Mohamed , Scarelli Evelin , Youssef Magdy Waheeb
Published: May 2024

Objective

Genetic testing and counselling are critical in assessing breast cancer risk and tailoring treatment strategies. However, several barriers hinder patients from opting for genetic testing/counselling, leading to fewer than one-third of patients undergoing testing and even fewer being offered counselling. A granular understanding of these barriers is essential in overcoming them.

Methods

A multinational survey developed by patient authors was conducted in 9 countries, to identify the specific local/regional barriers. The survey question pathway was individualized, based on responses to prior questions. Percentage responses to a response option were calculated based on the total number of respondents to that question. Chi-square tests were used to assess the significance of the results, if applicable.

Results

The final analysis set (FAS) included 1,176 respondents, with a subset of this responding to all questions. In the FAS, 63% of respondents had undergone testing. Among those who got tested, 70% were offered testing. Among untested respondents, only 40% were offered the test but eventually did not get tested. In the tested population, 44% received counselling, which was significantly higher than 7% (p<0.00001) in the untested group. Among those reporting on awareness, 71% reported awareness level between ‘very low’ and ‘moderate’ prior to cancer diagnosis. Most respondents (71%) agreed that all breast cancer patients should undergo testing before treatment initiation. However, Asian patients were less likely to endorse this view compared to respondents from other regions (25% vs ≥50%; p<0.00001). A higher proportion of tested respondents were ‘very willing’ to get their family members tested (44%) versus untested respondents (11%), with relatively higher willingness among Australian (77%) and Russian respondents (56%), the regional variation being statistically significant (p<0.00001).

Conclusions

Critical gaps remain in the access, awareness and perceived value of genetic testing and counselling, with regional variance or difference between the tested and untested groups. Most patients are not offered counselling, which may be associated with the low uptake of testing. Strategic action is needed to drive policy-shaping and improve access to testing and counselling, including raising patient awareness and improving patient experience for better treatment outcomes.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: national trends and pathologic outcomes
Authors: Davis Kailey , Orf Jeffrey , Ballon-Landa Eric , Hamilton Zachary
Published: May 2024

Background

There is a sparsity of literature on treatment outcomes for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We aim to analyze the outcomes associated with the use of NAC prior to radical cystectomy for NMIBC utilizing the National Cancer Database.

Materials/Methods

The National Cancer Database bladder dataset was evaluated for patients with NMIBC and known pT staging undergoing RC from 2006–2016. The primary outcome was the utilization of NAC. The secondary outcomes were pathologic down staging to pT0, positive surgical margins, 30-day readmission, and overall survival.

Results

The proportion of patients receiving NAC prior to radical cystectomy for NMIBC increased from 8.6% in 2006 to 14.8% in 2016. Those who received NAC had significantly higher tumor stages (cT1 vs cTa/is) with 85.7% of patients receiving NAC presenting with cT1 as opposed to only 82% in those not receiving NAC (p < 0.001). Similarly, there were significantly more patients who were cN+ in the NAC group as compared to those who did not receive NAC (5.5% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001). For patients who received NAC, the rate of downstaging to pT0 was 12.7% as compared to only 3.3% in patients who did not receive NAC (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference comparing the rates of positive margins or 30-day readmissions between groups. On multivariable logistic regression for pathologic downstaging, NAC was significant (OR 4.1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients treated with or without NAC.

Conclusion

NAC prior to RC in patients with NMIBC has increased in recent years and correlates with tumor downstaging. Further research is requisite to identify patients who obtain the greatest benefit of NAC in the NMIBC setting.
The impact of pre-, pro- and synbiotics supplementation in colorectal cancer treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Moreira Mariana Melo , Carriço Marta , Capelas Manuel Luís , Pimenta Nuno , Santos Teresa , Ganhão-Arranhado Susana , Mäkitie Antti , Ravasco Paula
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The effectiveness of the supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics as a therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to critically examine the current scientific evidence on the impact of modulating the microbiota, through the use of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, in patients diagnosed with CRC undergoing treatment, to determine the potential therapeutic use of this approach.

Methods

This systematic review was made according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the impact of pre-, pro-, or synbiotic supplementation with placebo or standard care in patients with CRC undergoing treatment. Exclusion criteria were non-human studies, non-RCTs, and studies in languages other than English or Portuguese. Six databases were consulted, namely, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahl, MedicLatina and Web of Science until May of 2023. RAYYAN software was used to manage the search results and risk of bias was assessed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using the Rob 2.0 tool.

Results

Twenty-four RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Administration of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics improved surgical outcomes such as the incidence of infectious and non-infectious postoperative complications, return to normal gut function, hospital length of stay, and antibiotic usage. The supplementation of these microorganisms also alleviated some symptoms from chemotherapy and radiotherapy, mainly diarrhea. Evidence on the best approach in terms of types of strains, dosage and duration of intervention is still scarce.

Conclusions

Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics supplementation appears to be a beneficial therapeutic approach in CRC treatment to improve surgical outcomes and to alleviate side-effects such as treatment toxicity. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and less heterogeneity are needed to confirm these potential benefits and to determine the best strains, dosage, and duration of administration in each situation.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023413958.
Histopathological predictors of lymph node metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alqutub Sadiq , Alqutub Abdulsalam , Bakhshwin Ahmed , Mofti Zainab , Alqutub Sulafa , Alkhamesi Ameera A. , Nujoom Mohammed A. , Rammal Almoaidbellah , Merdad Mazin , Marzouki Hani Z.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the most significant parameter affecting overall survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC). Elective neck dissection (END) is the standard of care in the early management of OCSCC with a depth of invasion (DOI) greater than 2-4 mm. However, most patients show no LNM in the final pathologic report, indicating overtreatment. Thus, more detailed indicators are needed to predict LNM in patients with OCSCC. In this study, we critically evaluate the existing literature about the risk of different histological parameters in estimating LNM.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched from inception to December 2023 to collect all relevant studies. Eligibility screening of records was performed, and data extraction from the selected studies was carried out independently. Inclusion in our systematic review necessitated the following prerequisites: Involvement of patients diagnosed with OCSCC, and examination of histological parameters related to lymph node metastasis in these studies. Exclusion criteria included animal studies, non-English articles, non-availability of full text, and unpublished data.

Results

We included 217 studies in our systematic review, of which 142 were eligible for the meta-analysis. DOI exceeding 4 mm exhibited higher risk for LNM [Risk ratio (RR) 2.18 (1.91-2.48), p<0.00001], as did perineural invasion (PNI) [RR 2.04 (1.77-2.34), p<0.00001], poorly differentiated tumors [RR 1.97 (1.61-2.42), p<0.00001], lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [RR 2.43 (2.12-2.78), p<0.00001], groups and single pattern of invasion [RR 2.47 (2.11-2.89), p<0.00001], high tumor budding [RR 2.65 (1.99-3.52), p<0.00001], tumor size over 4 cm [RR 1.76 (1.43-2.18), p<0.00001], tumor thickness beyond 4 mm [RR 2.72 (1.91-3.87), p<0.00001], involved or close margin [RR 1.73 (1.29-2.33), p = 0.0003], and T3 and T4 disease [RR 1.98 (1.62-2.41), p <0.00001].

Conclusion

Our results confirm the potential usefulness of many histopathological features in predicting LNM and highlight the promising results of others. Many of these parameters are not routinely incorporated into pathologic reports. Future studies must focus on applying these parameters to examine their validity in predicting the need for elective neck treatment.
The effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: You Zhiying , Mei Hua , Zhang Yayu , Song Dan , Zhang Yanbo , Liu Chunli
Published: May 2024

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on neonatal adverse outcomes, such as preterm infants, low birth weight infants (LBWI), and small for gestational age (SGA) infants.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP). Following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14 software to synthesize the findings.

Results

This study incorporated 13 cohort studies from 8 different countries and regions, encompassing a total of 55,162 pregnant women, among whom 28,155 were identified as having vitamin D deficiency. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score ranged from 7–9 points. Meta-analysis results indicated a higher incidence of LBWI (OR = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.31–23.22. P = 0.02) in the group of pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with adequate levels. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of premature birth (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.78–1.99. P = 0.36) or SGA (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.81–2.68. P = 0.21) among newborns born to mothers with vitamin D deficiency vs. those with sufficient levels of vitamin D. Subgroup analysis based on the timing of maternal blood collection revealed that there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D levels during pregnancy and the incidence of preterm birth across all stages of pregnancy. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency throughout the entire pregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of neonatal LBWI, whereas vitamin D levels during the first, second, and third trimesters did not demonstrate statistically differences on LBWI. Neonates born to mothers with vitamin D deficiency throughout pregnancy were found to have a higher likelihood of developing SGA. However, there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D levels and the development of SGA during the first and second trimesters.

Conclusions

Adequate levels of vitamin D during pregnancy may decrease the incidence of LBWI, although further research is needed to determine its impact on the occurrence of preterm birth and SGA.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024535950, Identifier: (CRD42024535950).
Bubble mass transfer in fluids under gravity: a review of theoretical models and intensification technologies in industry
Authors: Ma Yiyi , Guo Linjiang , Xiao Yuanhao , Ji Anhua
Published: May 2024

Bubble mass transfer is a common phenomenon in industrial applications. In this paper, bubble dynamics in both still and turbulent flow were introduced first, followed by the mass transfer properties of a single bubble and bubble swarms. Then, bubble mass transfer models for different scenarios were summarized, including three classical models, extended models, eddy diffusion and whirlpool theoretical models, and semi- or empirical correlations. Finally, existing methods for mass transfer intensification in industries were reviewed. Despite extensive researches, the mechanism for bubble mass transfer has not been fully understood. Models are commonly limited to some specific conditions and the accuracy is limited, especially for bubble swarms and bubble mass transfer in turbulent and non-Newtonian fluids. Also, the mass transfer intensification methods have their own limitations. Additional exploration of knowledge on bubble mass transfer models and further improvement in mass transfer intensification technologies are still required in the future.
Classification of field wheat varieties based on a lightweight G-PPW-VGG11 model
Authors: Pan Yu , Yu Xun , Dong Jihua , Zhao Yonghang , Li Shuanming , Jin Xiuliang
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In agriculture, especially wheat cultivation, farmers often use multi-variety planting strategies to reduce monoculture-related harvest risks. However, the subtle morphological differences among wheat varieties make accurate discrimination technically challenging. Traditional variety classification methods, reliant on expert knowledge, are inefficient for modern intelligent agricultural management. Numerous existing classification models are computationally complex, memory-intensive, and difficult to deploy on mobile devices effectively. This study introduces G-PPW-VGG11, an innovative lightweight convolutional neural network model, to address these issues.

Methods

G-PPW-VGG11 ingeniously combines partial convolution (PConv) and partially mixed depthwise separable convolution (PMConv), reducing computational complexity and feature redundancy. Simultaneously, incorporating ECANet, an efficient channel attention mechanism, enables precise leaf information capture and effective background noise suppression. Additionally, G-PPW-VGG11 replaces traditional VGG11’s fully connected layers with two pointwise convolutional layers and a global average pooling layer, significantly reducing memory footprint and enhancing nonlinear expressiveness and training efficiency.

Results

Rigorous testing showed G-PPW-VGG11's superior performance, with an impressive 93.52% classification accuracy and only 1.79MB memory usage. Compared to VGG11, G-PPW-VGG11 showed a 5.89% increase in accuracy, 35.44% faster inference, and a 99.64% reduction in memory usage. G-PPW-VGG11 also surpasses traditional lightweight networks in classification accuracy and inference speed. Notably, G-PPW-VGG11 was successfully deployed on Android and its performance evaluated in real-world settings. The results showed an 84.67% classification accuracy with an average time of 291.04ms per image.

Discussion

This validates the model's feasibility for practical agricultural wheat variety classification, establishing a foundation for intelligent management. For future research, the trained model and complete dataset are made publicly available.
Lexical-semantic processing in preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorder: an eye tracking study
Authors: Guerra Ernesto , Coloma Carmen Julia , Helo Andrea
Published: May 2024

This study examined lexical-semantic processing in children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) during visually situated comprehension of real-time spoken words. Existing evidence suggests that children with DLD may experience challenges in lexical access and retrieval, as well as greater lexical competition compared to their peers with Typical Development (TD). However, the specific nature of these difficulties remains unclear. Using eye-tracking methodology, the study investigated the real-time comprehension of semantic relationships in children with DLD and their age-matched peers. The results revealed that, for relatively frequent nouns, both groups demonstrated similar comprehension of semantic relationships. Both groups favored the semantic competitor when it appeared with an unrelated visual referent. In turn, when the semantic competitor appeared with the visual referent of the spoken word, both groups disregarded the competitor. This finding shows that, although children with DLD usually present a relatively impoverished vocabulary, frequent nouns may not pose greater difficulties for them. While the temporal course of preference for the competitor or the referent was similar between the two groups, numerical, though non-significant, differences in the extension of the clusters were observed. In summary, this research demonstrates that monolingual preschoolers with DLD exhibit similar lexical access to frequent words compared to their peers with TD. Future studies should investigate the performance of children with DLD on less frequent words to provide a comprehensive understanding of their lexical-semantic abilities.
What do we really know about age-related stereotypes and well-being of older adults? A commentary on the state of the art
Authors: Rasset Pauline , Mange Jessica , Augustinova Maria
Published: May 2024

There is a considerable body of literature on harmful consequences of age-related stereotypes—including consequences on physical and mental health. However, this commentary critically argues that the current state of the art disregards consequences of these stereotypes specifically for the well-being of older adults (i.e., outcome that is not to be confounded with mental health). To this end, the content of age-related stereotypes and the mechanisms through which they operate on physical and mental health are first outlined. The commentary then focuses on the very scarce evidence documenting how and when the well-being of older adults (as assessed directly and not as inferred from other indicators) is influenced by self-directed stereotypes. After setting out possible ways well-being may be involved in the relationship between self-directed stereotypes and physical and mental health of older adults, the present commentary argues that a better understanding of well-being would benefit strategies targeting the reduction of age-related stereotypes. Overall, this commentary on the state of the art highlights that future research is still needed to better understand both the direct and indirect relationships between age-related stereotypes and well-being that is not reducible to positive experiences of life (or hedonic well-being) but also comprises an eudaimonic component.
Animal-assisted interventions for military families: a systematic review
Authors: Nieforth Leanne O. , Leighton Sarah C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The incorporation of animals into interventions focused on military families is a relatively new concept. Though animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have been studied in the context of military veterans, few studies incorporate members of the military family or focus on the family members’ experiences.

Methods

This systematic review investigates the effects of AAIs on the wellbeing of military family members beyond the veteran themselves through three aims: (1) by describing the characteristics of AAIs for military family members, (2) by evaluating the quality of the methodology present within the current literature, and (3) by identifying key concepts and knowledge gaps within the findings reported to date.

Results

A total of nine articles met the criteria to be included in the review. Though the inclusion criteria and search terms included all types of animal-assisted interventions, the only interventions represented were service dogs (n = 4) and equine-assisted services (n = 5).

Discussion

Findings suggest AAIs could be beneficial in areas such as communication, relational bonds, and psychosocial well-being. Though additional research is necessary, AAIs may be an effective complementary intervention for military families.
The impact of a mixed reality technology-driven health enhancing physical activity program among community-dwelling older adults: a study protocol
Authors: Dino Michael Joseph S. , Dion Kenneth W. , Abadir Peter M. , Budhathoki Chakra , Huang Chien-Ming , Padula William V. , Himmelfarb Cheryl R. Dennison , Davidson Patricia M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle among community-dwelling older adults poses a greater risk for progressive physical and cognitive decline. Mixed reality technology-driven health enhancing physical activities such as the use of virtual coaches provide an emerging and promising solution to support healthy lifestyle, but the impact has not been clearly understood.

Methods and analysis

An observational explanatory sequential mixed-method research design was conceptualized to examine the potential impact of a user-preferred mixed reality technology-driven health enhancing physical activity program directed toward purposively selected community-dwelling older adults in two senior centers in the Philippines. Quantitative components of the study will be done through a discreet choice experiment and a quasi-experimental study. A total of 128, or 64 older adults in each center, will be recruited via posters at community senior centers who will undergo additional screening or health records review by a certified gerontologist to ensure safety and proper fit. Treatments (live coaching with video-based exercise and mixed reality technology-driven exercise) will be assigned to each of the two senior center sites for the quasi-experiment. The participants from the experimental group shall be involved in the discreet choice experiment, modeling, and usability evaluations. Finally, a qualitative sample of participants (n = 6) as key informants shall be obtained from the experimental group using purposive selection.

Discussion

This study protocol will examine the health impact of a promising mixed reality program in health promotion among older adults. The study utilizes a human-centered mixed method research design in technology development and evaluation in the context of developing nations.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06136468.
Advancing prosociality in extended reality: systematic review of the use of embodied virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour in extended reality
Authors: Yousefi Mamehgol , Crowe Stephanie Elena , Hoermann Simon , Sharifi Mos , Romera Alvaro , Shahi Ahmad , Piumsomboon Thammathip
Published: May 2024

Attention has increasingly been focused on the potential of Extended Reality (XR) and Embodied Virtual Agents (EVAs) to significantly influence human behaviour. While an expanding body of literature explores the individual impacts of XR and EVAs, there is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding their combined influence on eliciting prosocial behaviour in humans. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore this intersection, offering insights into their multifaceted effects on human prosocial behaviour and the implications for future research and development of EVAs in XR. Our systematic review adopted a scoping approach due to the limited number of studies directly focused on EVAs (i.e., autonomously computer-controlled entities). Despite this, we observed the use of various forms of virtual characters (VCs) to elicit prosocial behaviour. An in-depth analysis of 15 selected studies indicates complex patterns in how XR and VCs affect users’ prosocial behaviour and interactions. Our review suggests that there is promising potential for EVAs to promote prosocial behaviour. However, further research is necessary to identify the design and interaction-related attributes that enhance the effectiveness of these technologies, particularly for socially interactive EVAs in XR environments.
Development of a market-driven training model for rural women in Iran by using a qualitative paradigm
Authors: Allahmoradi Zeynab , Hosseini Seyed Jamal Farajallah , Lashgarara Farhad , Moghaddasi Reza
Published: May 2024

Problem

Training programs aimed at empowering rural women in Kurdistan, Iran, have fallen short of their goals. This study offers a unique understanding of how contextual factors and cultural nuances impact the effectiveness of market-driven training programs for rural women in Kurdistan.

Objectives

This study explored factors affecting the effectiveness of market-driven training programs for rural women in Kurdistan.

Methods

A qualitative approach using grounded theory methodology was employed. Interviews were conducted with 23 key informants, including rural women and experts. Data analysis with MAXQDA software identified seven categories and a core category related to market-driven training.

Findings

The study revealed that successful implementation of market-driven training hinges on various external and internal factors. These include access to markets, facilities, and funding, along with effective monitoring of business activities. Additionally, rural community culture and the purchasing power of women were identified as key intervening conditions impacting program success. When implemented effectively, market-driven training programs have the potential to empower women, reduce rural migration, and improve product quality.

Recommendations

The research suggests that future training programs should adopt a multi-dimensional approach that addresses the identified factors to achieve sustainable positive outcomes for rural women in Kurdistan.