bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge on Basic Life support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in a Medical College of Kathmandu
Authors: Rana Shavana Rajya Laxmi , Neopane Arun , Panta Sunita , Khadka Anjan , Rijal Thaneshwar , Bahadur K.C. Nagendra
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) are part of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The knowledge of BLS and ACLS is very important in saving lives for healthcare workers for which they need training and updated knowledge on these topics. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge on BLS and ACLS in a medical college of Kathmandu. 
Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study conducted in Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences. The pretest and posttest scores of the trainees who participated in BLS and ACLS training were analyzed to assess the improvement in the knowledge. The duration of the study was from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021 where two sessions of the training were conducted. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. 
Results: Out of 72 participants, the mean pretest score was 5.67 ± 1.91 (56.67%) on BLS (Total score 10) and 9.06 ± 2.21 (60.37%) on ACLS (Total score 15). Post-test scores for BLS and ACLS were 8.69 ± 1.03 (86.94%) and 11.43 ± 1.77 (76.20%) respectively. Statistically significant increase in the mean scores were seen in both BLS [df (71) = -13.532, p < 0.001] and ACLS ([df (71) = -9.956, p < 0.001] with 95% CI while comparing pretest BLS and ACLS with posttest BLS and ACLS scores. 
Conclusions: Improvement in knowledge was seen amongst participants after the training. This highlights the importance of such training in imparting knowledge regarding BLS and ACLS among healthcare personnel.
Early outcome of management of Bladder Carcinoma in Octogenarian at Tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thapa Narayan , Thapa Bikash Bahadur , Basukala Sunil , Bhandari Bharat Bahadur , Phuyal Anjit
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Urothelial bladder cancer is a cancer of environment and age, and its incidence increases with age peaking in the 80s. Unlike in other malignancies in which cancer tends to be aggressive in young individuals, the probability of developing muscle invasive bladder cancer increases with age. The standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy. However, there is controversy regarding the outcome of radical cystectomy in elderly patients, especially more than 80 years.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. All patients > 80 years of age with bladder carcinoma were included in the study. A patient with good functional status was offered Radical Cystectomy. Patients not fit for surgery or refusing surgery were managed with TURBT.
Results: A total of 23 patients were included in the study. Out of which, 13 patients underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with ileal conduit and while ten patients who refused surgery were managed with TURBT and chemotherapy. The prognosis of patients with MIBC managed with TURBT was within 1 year. While patients who have undergone RC had survived more than 1 year.
Conclusions: Radical Cystectomy is a safe, feasible, and effective treatment option for the carefully selected octogenarian. Age is just a number and should not be an absolute contraindication for radical cystectomy in patients with non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Pattern of Lower Gastrointestinal Diseases on Colonoscopy and Histopathological Examination in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal
Authors: Roka Kumar , KC Indu , Jha Sagar Mani , Subedi Ram Chandra , Adhikari Ayush
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Many patients visiting the medicine outpatient department (OPD) and gastroenterology OPD have lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and substantial would require to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is an effective endoscopic procedure to evaluate the entire colon from rectum to terminal ileum and perform some known therapeutic procedures. The aim of our study was to see the pattern of lower GI diseases in patients by colonoscopy and histopathological examination. 
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Collective data of patients who underwent colonoscopy from October 2017 to September 2020 was evaluated from the endoscopy records. Analysis was done in the form of proportions and percentages and presented in tables and figures. 
Results: A total of 232 patients were evaluated. The most common indication was chronic abdominal pain 188 (81.03%) followed by per rectal bleeding 14 (6.03%) and chronic constipation 14 (6.03%). Colonoscopy showed normal findings in 182 (78.44%), colitis in 14 (6.03%), hemorrhoids and proctitis in 10 (4.31%) each, polyps in eight (3.44%), and malignancy in six (2.58%). Malignancy was proven in all six suspected patients by histopathological examination.
Conclusions: Colonoscopy is an effective diagnostic modality for GI symptoms. Histopathological examination of the colonic biopsy showed a wide spectrum of common lower GI pathology from non-specific inflammation to malignancy with minimal complications. This shows colonoscopy as a safe and effective diagnostic modality for patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
An eminent rendezvous with a series of cranial vault remodeling for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Shrestha Bishal , Gurung Pritam , Kayastha Jessica , Agarwal Aditi , Shrestha Resha , Acharya Samir , Dhakal Sudan , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Shrestha Pranaya , Pant Basant
Published: July 2022

In defiance with the meager tally of craniosynostosis, the surgical treatment of non syndromic craniosynostosis is one of the most common stratagem detained by craniofacial surgeon. By dint of the onerous anatomy secondary to the imperfection in embryogenesis, a long haul of drill is required to obtain perfection in surgical sequel.1 

With the advancement in neurosurgical gadgetry and improvement in agility of neurosurgical authority, a multitude of strategy has evolved over time with the eminent intent to bring forth the supreme aftermath.

Browsing through the archives of craniofacial reconstruction discloses vault remodeling techniques evolving over time with disparate modification tactics to the inception of state-of-the-art strategies like endoscopic suturectomy, spring treatment and cranial vault distraction osteogenesis.2

Regardless of all these alternatives, we still resort to the standard cranial vault remodeling with a fairly approving outcome. We herein attempt to disclose our result of vault remodeling in a series of patients with craniosynostosis.
Brain arteriovenous malformation involving a persistent primitive olfactory artery
Authors: Ideguchi Minoru , Kim Kyongsong , Kominami Shushi , Morita Akio
Published: July 2022

The incidence of a persistent primitive olfactory artery is extremely rare. This anomaly may be involved in the development of aneurysms due to hemodynamic stress. We report a patient with a brain arteriovenous malformation mainly fed by a persistent primitive olfactory artery. A 40-year-old healthy man experienced transient numbness around the left side of his mouth. Magnetic resonance imaging incidentally disclosed flow voids inside and at the medial part of the pre-central gyrus of the left frontal lobe with dilation of the cortical veins. A left internal carotid artery angiogram revealed that a left persistent primitive olfactory artery with a proximal hair-pin turn fed an anterior component of the nidus. A right internal carotid artery angiogram showed that the right bihemispheric anterior cerebral artery fed a posterior component of the nidus. There was no aneurysm in the nidus or on the feeding vessel. The diagnosis was asymptomatic arteriovenous malformation (Spetzler-Martin grade 3). The patient developed systemic exanthema with facial edema after diagnostic angiography. We ruled out target embolization followed by stereotactic radiosurgery and placed him under close conservative outpatient observation. We suspect that the arteriovenous malformation was due to the presence of a pre-exiting persistent primitive olfactory artery. In patients with a persistent primitive olfactory artery, structural fragility and hemodynamic stress may elicit aneurysms at the apex of the hairpin curve of the persistent primitive olfactory artery.
Robinsoniella peoriensis: An emerging pathogen and rare cause of wound infection in children
Authors: Krueger Carsten , Ann Azad Marisa , Ramotar Karamchand , Deslandes Vincent , Jessamine Peter
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Robinsoniella peoriensis is an anaerobic gram-positive bacilli first isolated from swine manure in 2003 but has since been associated with human infections. METHODS: We describe a pediatric case of R. peoriensis infection following a below-knee amputation for a limb injury and its treatment. Methods of identifying R. peoriensis and reported in vitro antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations from the literature are reviewed. RESULTS: R. peoriensis is readily identifiable via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight. There is variability in the antibiotic susceptibility profiles reported in the literature, but antibiotics with low in vitro minimum inhibitor concentrations against R. peoriensis include beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, vancomycin, and metronidazole. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of R. peoriensis infection following a traumatic injury in Canada to our knowledge and highlights the importance of recognizing this organism and other anaerobes in settings where wounds are grossly contaminated with soil.
La economia global escenario pre-pandemia y pandemia– China, EE. UU, Europa y América Latina.
Authors: Morales Romero Juan Roberto
Published: July 2022

El escenario de la aldea global previo a la Pandemia se caracteriza por proyecciones de crecimiento económico para las, economías avanzadas y en desarrollo reflejadas en variaciones porcentuales positivas del PBI. Una ola donde el mayor beneficiado seria América Latina por la expansión económica de EE. UU y China sus principales socios comerciales y destinos de exportación. La mayor demanda externa del gigante norteamericano y dragón chino garantizaron a América Latina experimentar tasas porcentuales positivas de su PBI.
Businesses and the challenge to overcome the crisis originated by COVID-19
Authors: Esteban Espinoza David
Published: July 2022

This situation affected business organizations in various ways, especially those that were forced to close for a determined or undetermined period of time. Companies have had to adapt to the new normal situation, making changes in their businesses in parallel with the implementation of health and social distancing protocols. In this way, companies adapted their business strategies to a new situation and reinvented their value propositions. In order to face this crisis, the use of technology has been essential, which has reduced costs for companies. At the same time, the governments strategies to reactivate the economy have been of great help to be able to boost business, thus being essential to keep the operation and operability of companies. (Suarez, 2020)
Entre medos e fofocas: problemática social no mundo em torno da COVID-19 no início da pandemia
Authors: Manuel Cambaza Edgar
Published: July 2022

A doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) desafiou o tecido social global a níveis sem precedentes. Países fecharam as fronteiras, suspenderam algumas liberdades dos cidadãos, interromperam atividades sociais e económicas e participaram num esforço internacional para impedir a propagação da pandemia. Este artigo é um convite à reflexão sobre o zeitgeist global quando eclodiu a doença, o pânico “reinava” e mal se percebia como ela se disseminava. As redes sociais ganharam mais espaço, surgindo uma disputa entre fontes de informação fidedignas e duvidosas pela atenção do cidadão, mas também mais colaboração internacional. Dois incidentes controversos receberam considerável atenção dos meios de comunicação: o surto de COVID-19 no cruzeiro Diamond Princess e o alerta precoce do surto na China pelo oftalmologista Li Wenliang. A pandemia estimulou a criatividade e iniciativa para a resolução de problemas e acima de tudo trouxe um conceito: o novo normal.
Effect of Creatine Supplementation on the Muscular Inflammation and Muscle Atrophy in High-Fat High-Fructose Fed Obese Growing Rats
Authors:   Department of Sports Science, Graduate School, Sunmoon University, Asan, 380-701, Korea, Oh Seungtaek
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effects of creatine supplementation on high-fat high-fructose fed obese rats. Twenty-four six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 each): control sedentary group (CD), high-fat high-fructose diet group (HD), and creatine-supplemented high-fat high-fructose diet group (CHD). Methodology: The CD group was supplemented with AIN-76G diet, and a high-fat high-fructose diet for HD and CHD groups was substituted with 5% corn oil fat to 35% lard. The CHD group was supplemented with 2% creatine. The total soleus muscle protein was extracted and prepared according to the procedure mentioned by Baghirova et al. for muscle cytokine assay and western blotting. Result: After eight weeks of the experimental period, weights of the soleus muscle in the HD and CHD groups were significantly lower than that in the CD group. In addition, levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the HD groups were significantly higher than those in the CD group. In contrast, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the CHD group were significantly lower than those in the HD group and irisin levels of HD and CHD group were significantly lower than those in the CD group. Moreover, levels of muscle protein degradation factors [Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1] were significantly higher in the HD and CHD groups than those in the CD group. Conclusion: From these results, it was concluded that creatine supplementation attenuates the inflammation of skeletal muscle via pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, it has no significant role in preventing muscular atrophy in high-fat high-fructose fed obese rats.
အာဏာသိမ်းဖြစ်စဉ်နောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် အားလုံးပါဝင်မှုရှိရေးနှင့် ဂျန်ဒါ တန်းတူညီမျှရေး -ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးဆိုင်ရာ မဟာဗျူဟာမျာ
Authors: Ebead Nathalie , Hirakawa Atsuko
Published: July 2022

ဤစာတမ်းငယ်တွင် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးအတွက် အားလုံးပါဝင်မှုရှိရေး မဟာဗျူဟာများကို လေ့လာတင်ပြထားပါသည်။ စာတမ်းငယ်တွင် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာ့နိုင်ငံရေး အခင်းအကျင်းထဲမှ ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဘက်တော်သားများ၏ အခန်းကဏ္ဍနှင့် တောင်းဆိုမှုများ အပါအဝင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ ဂျန်ဒါ တန်းတူညီမျှရေးနှင့် အားလုံးပါဝင်မှုရှိရေးတို့နှင့် စပ်လျဉ်းသည့် စိန်ခေါ်မှုများကို အထူးပြု တင်ပြထားပါသည်။ ထို့အပြင်လည်း တရားဝင်မှုရှိသော ကြားဖြတ်အစိုးရ၏ အဖွဲ့အစည်း ယန္တရားများ မည်မျှအတိုင်းအတာအထိ ကျယ်ပြန့်စုံလင်မှုရှိပြီး၊ မွမ်းမံပြီးဖြစ်သော ဖယ်ဒရယ် ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပဋိညာဉ်တွင် ဂျန်ဒါရေးရာ၊ အားလုံးပါဝင်မှုရှိရေးတို့နှင့် ပတ်သက်၍ မည်သို့ ပြောကြားထားသည်ကို ဆန်းစစ်လေ့လာထားပါသည်။ ဤစာတမ်းငယ်သည် စာစဉ်လေးတွဲထုတ်ဝေမှု၏ တစ်စိတ်တစ်ပိုင်းဖြစ်ပြီး ကျန်သုံးပိုင်းဖြစ်သည့် စာတမ်း အမှတ် ၁ ဂျန်ဒါတန်းတူညီမျှမှုအတွက် ထိရောက်စွာ စည်းရုံးလှုံ့ဆော်ရေးလမ်းညွှန် (A Guide to Being an Effective Advocate for Gender Equality) ၊ အမှတ် ၂ အနှစ်သာရပိုင်းတန်းတူညီမျှမှုနှင့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများတွင် အမျိုးသမီးများ ကိုယ်စားပြုပါဝင်မှု (Substantive Equality and Women’s Representation in Public Institutions) ၊ အမှတ် ၃ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် ဂျန်ဒါအခြေပြုအကြမ်းဖက်မှုကို တားဆီးခြင်း (Preventing Gender-Based Violence in Myanmar) တို့ကို ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ ၁ ရက်နေ့ အာဏာသိမ်းမှု မတိုင်မီက ရေးသားခဲ့ပါသည်။
Умови функціонування окупаційної преси на території України (зона військової адміністрації)
Authors: Титаренко Дмитро Миколайович
Published: July 2022

Під час нацистської окупації на території України було створено розгалужений пропагандистський апарат, одним із ключових елементів якого була преса. Ініціатива заснування газет і журналів належала переважно пропагандистським установам вермахту, воєнним комендатурам та штабам військових частин, які реалізовували її через органи місцевого самоврядування, а також представникам місцевої української громадськості. Розглянуто умови функціонування видань, проаналізовано склад журналістів і дописувачів, охарактеризовано проблематику матеріалів. Зазначено, що преса періоду нацистської окупації є важливим історичним джерелом з питань регіональної історії.
Una mirada de 20 años al periodismo universitario en Colombia
Authors: Lesmes Marcello C.
Published: July 2022

El periodismo universitario se ha convertido en alternativa al momento de informarse, una opción más a la que ofrecen los medios de comunicación masivos del país. Esta alternativa que se gesta en las universidades, pese a su larga historia y trayectoria como ejercicio, se ha mantenido como un campo académico con pocas aproximaciones teóricas. Por ello, el objetivo de este capítulo es entender los abordajes y posturas que se han creado en el periodismo universitario, organizado bajo la Red Colombiana de Periodismo Universitario, al momento de narrar el conflicto armado, la memoria de las víctimas y el proceso de paz.El presente documento cuenta con un carácter descriptivo, dada la implicación de rastreo y análisis de los datos encontrados en el proceso de la aplicación del método CAPAZ, más una serie de reflexiones frente al ejercicio periodístico que se hace en las universidades. No obstante, este análisis permite entrever que el periodismo universitario es una muestra perfecta del periodismo independiente, de la necesidad de su existencia y de su importancia para la sociedad.
Motivar o doente: um trunfo esquecido na adesão ao tratamento?
Authors:   Médico de Família, Medeiros Ana Beatriz , Teixeira Joana ,   Médico de Família
Published: July 2022

A motivação do doente tem conhecidas implicações no seu processo de adesão ao projeto terapêutico. Na prática clínica, a parca motivação do utente dificulta a sua proatividade. Consequentemente, interfere negativamente com o cumprimento da medicação ou a adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis, prejudicando a abordagem de diversas patologias, sobretudo das crónicas. De um modo geral, os estudos revelam que a motivação do utente é um conceito largamente utilizado pelos profissionais de saúde, embora com uma definição imprecisa. Maioritariamente é encarada como um traço caracterial, que se traduz na dicotomia entre doente motivado/doente desmotivado, com um enviesamento para a segunda categorização. Esta perspetiva deposita apenas do lado do doente a capacidade da mudança, com consequências negativas para ambos os intervenientes da relação médico-doente. Porém, desde a publicação do Modelo da Entrevista Motivacional (EM), na década de 1980, têm sido documentadas técnicas específicas para aceder ao estado motivacional dos doentes, com vista à sua modificação. Tradicionalmente aplicados às perturbações de uso de substâncias, estes modelos têm mostrado benefício em diversos programas reabilitativos de doenças crónicas. O entendimento do estado motivacional do utente enquanto percurso dinâmico, permeável à modificação externa e passível de modelação por parte do profissional de saúde, aliado ao treino de competências nesta área, poderá melhorar prognósticos, aumentar a satisfação do utente e do profissional e reduzir gastos financeiros nos sistemas de saúde.
Quando um aneurisma se faz passar por cisto sebáceo: a propósito de um caso clínico
Authors:   Médico de Família, Pinto Joana , Magalhães Maricruz ,   Médico de Família, Silva Ariana ,   Médico de Família
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Os aneurismas da artéria temporal superficial (ATS) não traumáticos são extremamente raros, constituindo cerca de 8% de todos os aneurismas da ATS. Apresentam-se habitualmente como uma massa pulsátil na região temporal ou parietal, frequentemente não dolorosa. Em termos etiológicos, a hipertensão e a arteriosclerose parecem ser as principais causas dos aneurismas não-traumáticos da ATS. Como diagnósticos diferenciais encontram-se o hematoma subcutâneo, doenças inflamatórias como a arterite de células gigantes, cisto sebáceo, entre outros. O tratamento dos aneurismas da ATS é cirúrgico. Considerando que se trata de uma entidade rara, com uma diversidade de diagnósticos diferenciais e sendo importante um diagnóstico atempado, este relato de caso é relevante para a prática clínica e tem como objetivo sensibilizar os colegas para esta patologia. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 67 anos, que recorreu a consulta aberta devido a uma tumefação na região temporal direita com um mês de evolução, dolorosa e acompanhada por cefaleia temporal direita, com agravamento progressivo e sem resposta franca ao tratamento analgésico. Ao exame objetivo apresentava tumefação temporal direita, com cerca de 1,5cm, não pulsátil, dura, dolorosa à palpação, sem outros sinais inflamatórios. Sem alterações ao exame neurológico sumário. Realizou ecografia com estudo doppler que revelou aneurisma da ATS trombosado. A utente foi submetida a exérese cirúrgica do aneurisma sete dias após a observação inicial, sem intercorrências. Comentário: O aneurisma da ATS não traumático é uma entidade extremamente rara. Na situação particular desta utente, a atipia da dor à palpação da tumefação, associada ao quadro de cefaleia localizada, levantaram no médico de família a suspeita de não se tratar de apenas mais um cisto sebáceo. Por este motivo, e apesar de raro, o aneurisma da ATS deverá ser sempre considerado em qualquer tumefação que surja de novo na região temporal.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and mutagenic effect potential of red pepper (Capsicum annum)
Authors: AKKOÇ Yakup , ARSLAN Mehmet , ERBİL Nurcan , MURATHAN Zehra Tuğba
Published: July 2022

In this study, the biochemical, microbiological, mutagenic and antioxidant properties of red pepper (Capsicum annum) grown in 6 districts of Adıyaman province (Kahta, Gerger, Sincik, Samsat, Tut, Gölbaşı) were investigated. The bioactive compounds of Gerger samples, which also exhibited higher antioxidant activity. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that Kahta pepper extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with an MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) value of 0.715 mg/ml. The lowest MIC values in the pepper extracts were obtained in Kahta pepper extract (0.715-1.43 mg ml-1), and the highest MIC values were recorded in Tut pepper extract (1.1525-4.61 mg ml-1). The mutagenic activity results of peppers indicated no mutagenic effect at the doses tests and in the studies carried out on TA 100 strains and Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and in the absence of S9. Dose dependent increase was recorded on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain of Samsat pepper samples. But, the rising was not statistically importent.
Impact of war on COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine: the simulation study
Authors: Chumachenko Dmytro , Pyrohov Pavlo , Meniailov Ievgen , Chumachenko Tetyana
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a challenge to public health systems worldwide. As of March 2022, almost 500 million cases have been reported worldwide. More than 6.2 million people died. The war that Russia launched for no reason on the territory of Ukraine is not only the cause of the death of thousands of people and the destruction of dozens of cities but also a large-scale humanitarian crisis. The military invasion also affected the public health sector. The impossibility of providing medical care, non-compliance with sanitary conditions in areas where active hostilities are occurring, high population density during the evacuation, and other factors contribute to a new stage in the spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine. Building an adequate model of the epidemic process will make it possible to assess the actual statistics of the incidence of COVID-19 and assess the risks and effectiveness of measures to curb the curse of the disease epidemic process. The article aims to develop a simulation model of the COVID-19 epidemic process in Ukraine and to study the results of an experimental study in war conditions. The research is targeted at the epidemic process of COVID-19 under military conditions. The subjects of the study are models and methods for modeling the epidemic process based on statistical machine learning methods. To achieve the study's aim, we used forecasting methods and built a model of the COVID-19 epidemic process based on the polynomial regression method. Because of the experiments, the accuracy of predicting new cases of COVID-19 in Ukraine for 30 days was 97,98%, and deaths of COVID-19 in Ukraine – was 99,87%. The model was applied to data on the incidence of COVID-19 in Ukraine for the first month of the war (02/24/22 - 03/25/22). The calculated predictive values showed a significant deviation from the registered statistics. Conclusions. This article describes experimental studies of implementing the COVID-19 epidemic process model in Ukraine based on the polynomial regression method. The constructed model was sufficiently accurate in deciding on anti-epidemic measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the selected area. The study of the model in data on the incidence of COVID-19 in Ukraine during the war made it possible to assess the completeness of the recorded statistics, identify the risks of the spread of COVID-19 in wartime, and determine the necessary measures to curb the epidemic curse of the incidence of COVID-19 in Ukraine. The investigation of the experimental study results shows a significant decrease in the registration of the COVID-19 incidence in Ukraine. An analysis of the situation showed difficulty in accessing medical care, a reduction in diagnosis and registration of new cases, and the war led to the intensification of the COVID-19 epidemic process.
The combined model for software development effort estimation using polynomial regression for heterogeneous projects
Authors: Sharma Amrita , Chaudhary Neha
Published: July 2022

Subject matter: Estimating the software work is a crucial job of persons participating in software project management. The difficulty in predicting effort is compounded by the fact that software development is always changing. In the past, researchers used one form of development methodology in their work to estimate effort and time. Estimations of the software projects are estimated with different size matrices. The lines of code, story point and use case point are required for the estimation using algorithmic models for procedural, agile, and object-oriented development approaches. Currently, the companies use these three types of size matrices for estimating projects. Not any one model present estimates the effort for different development approaches with different size metrics. This paper proposes a combined software estimation model for three types of development methodologies with regression analysis. The estimation can be done with the proposed model for a software project developed using the procedural, agile, and object-oriented approach. Method: The input for the model is the size of the software, such as lines of code, story point, and use case point. The model is developed using the polynomial regression. The model is developed with the four constant parameters that are based on the procedural, agile, and object-oriented projects. A dataset of python projects for procedural, zia dataset for agile, company dataset for object-oriented methodology is used to propose the model. Conclusion: The effort is predicted for the procedural, agile, and object-oriented projects with the polynomial regression model and compare the results to existing models to validate the work. The R2 is used to measure accuracy and the MMRE is used to determine error. The accuracy of the proposed model was higher than 90% and the error was found to be less than 0.05. The results are compared with case-based reasoning and an ensemble model for the procedural approach, linear regression and Bayesian network for the agile approach, and linear and log-linear regression for object-oriented approach. The minimum error and maximum accuracy is achieved compared to these techniques.
Neural network model of heteroassociative memory for the classification task
Authors: Martyniuk Tatiana , Krukivskyi Bohdan , Kupershtein Leonid , Lukichov Vitaliy
Published: July 2022

The subject of study in this article is the features of structural organization and functioning of the improved Hamming network as a model of neural network heteroassociative memory for classification by discriminant functions. The goal is to improve the neural network classifier based on the Hamming network, which implements the criterion of maximum similarity using discriminant functions and does not have restrictions on the representation of input data (not only binary data). The tasks: analyze the capabilities of associative memory models using neural networks as an example; analyze the features of classification on the principles of discriminant analysis; develop the structure of a neural network classifier as a model of neural network heteroassociative memory; perform simulation modeling of the classification process on the example of medical diagnosis. The methods used are a mathematical model of the functioning of a neural network as a classifier, and simulation in C#. The following results have been obtained: the structure of the neural network classifier has been improved through the formation connection matrix of a hidden layer from pre-calculated coefficients of linear discriminant functions, and the connection matrix of the output layer in the form symmetrical matrix with zeros on the main diagonal. This allows not only to simplify m connections, where m is the number of classes, in the structure of the output layer of the neural network classifier, but also to speed up the classification process, as well as to implement classification by the maximum of discriminant functions. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: the neural network classification method has been improved using pre-calculated elements of the connection matrices in the hidden and output layers of the classifier, which does not imply a long process of direct neural network learning with using discriminant functions; the structural organization of a neural network classifier is proposed, which is an improvement of the Hamming network as a model of heteroassociative memory, that allows using this classifier in a decision support system for medical diagnosis; the removal of positive feedback in neurons of the competitive (output) layer is implemented, which allows not only simplifies the structure of the neural network classifier but also speeds up the classification process almost 2 times, which is confirmed by the simulation results.
Artificial intelligence as the cognitive value of heuristic models
Authors: Mygal Valeriy , Mygal Galyna , Mygal Stanislav
Published: July 2022

This article is devoted to heuristic modeling of the structure of interconnections in nano-, bio- and information technologies and in cyber-physical systems, graphic images of which allow studying the fine structure of information sources of various natures. It is shown here that the information content of models of the structure of interconnections of nano-, bio-, information technologies and components of cyber-physical systems is due to the use of a fractal triangle and logic. The current work harmonizes human-computer interaction through digital complementary methods for studying the structure of information sources of various natures, as well as using the circle of natural colors by I. Goethe and a new interpretation of the Star of David. Here we show that balanced conjugate triangles in heuristic models allow inversion of transition states of information sources of different nature. Static, dynamic and statistical generalized heuristic models are based on the balance of resources and the asymmetry of feedback between the elements of a complex dynamic system. Their relationship determines the variability of cyclic processes, and the complementarity of dynamic and statistical heuristic models is associated with the dualism of nature. A systematic analysis of explicit and hidden relationships in information flows of various natures opens up qualitatively new opportunities for a cognitive dialogue with nature and an understanding of reality. The complementarity of heuristic and cognitive models in the transdisciplinary cognitive space provides innovative potential for solving urgent problems of education, science and new technologies. This is especially important for the further development of artificial intelligence and the harmonization of human-computer interaction. In particular, online forecasting of the transient functional states of information sources of various nature under unforeseen conditions simplifies the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas, methods and technologies. Since the number of honeycomb structures in nature is two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of artificial models, their connection with the harmony of colors in nature contributes to the development of emotional intelligence, creating new opportunities for solving relevant security problems.
Базова модель нефункційних характеристик для оцінки якості штучного інтелекту
Authors: Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Fesenko Herman , Illiashenko Oleg
Published: July 2022

The subject of the research is the models of artificial intelligence (AI) quality. The current paper develops an AI quality model based on the definition and ordering of its characteristics. Objectives: to develop the principles and justify the sequence of analysis and development of AI quality models as ordered sets of characteristics; to offer models of AI quality for further use, first, the evaluation of individual characteristics and quality in general; to demonstrate the profiling of AI quality models for systems using artificial intelligence. The following results were obtained. The sequence of construction of AI quality models is offered. Based on the analysis of references, a list of AI characteristics was formed and their definitions were harmonized. The general model of AI quality is presented with a description of the step-by-step procedure for the realization of its hierarchical construction. A basic model of AI with abbreviated sets of characteristics is proposed due to its importance. Examples of profiling of quality models for two systems - monitoring of engineering communications and recognition of road signs are given. Conclusions. The study's main result is the development of a quality model for artificial intelligence, which is based on the analysis and harmonization of definitions and dependencies of quality characteristics specific to AI. The selection of characteristics and the construction of the quality model were carried out in such a way to exclude duplication, ensure the completeness of the presentation, as well as to determine the specific features of each characteristic. It is extremely difficult to create a model that would fully meet such requirements, so the presented options should be supplemented and improved considering the rapid development of technologies and applications of AI. The proposed quality models are open and can be supplemented and detailed according to the specific purpose and scope of AI.
Modeling of electrostimulation characteristics to determine the optimal amplitude of current stimuli
Authors: Yeroshenko Olha , Prasol Igor , Suknov Mykhailo
Published: July 2022

The subject of research- the process of human skeletal muscles electrical stimulation during medical therapy. The subject of the study is a mathematical model of electrostimulation characteristics, which links the amplitude of muscle contraction and the stimulating effect amplitude. The current work develops a mathematical model in the form of an analytical expression to describe the muscle contraction amplitude dependence on electrical stimulus amplitude. Tasks to be solved: to analyze the dependence peculiarity of muscle contraction amplitude in stimulating impulse amplitude; conduct structural and parametric identification of the model; compare the results obtained using practical data, evaluate the model accuracy; use the obtained model for analytical description with the aim of a priori determination of the optimal stimulus amplitude. Methods used mathematical modeling method, methods of structural and parametric identification of models, approximation methods, parametric optimization methods, mathematical analysis methods. Results obtained an analytical model in the form of a 5th degree polynomial is proposed, which reflects the dependence of muscle contraction amplitude in the stimulus amplitude; the degree of the polynomial is selected and the coefficients of the model are obtained using parametric optimization; a model trajectory was built and the accuracy of modeling was estimated; an equation was obtained and its possible solutions were found to determine the optimal value of the stimulus amplitude; the practical application of the research results was substantiated. The results obtained can be used in the selection of individual effects of electrical stimulation during one session, as well as with extrapolation during the entire rehabilitation process. Scientific novelty: an analytical description showing the dependence of skeletal muscle contraction amplitude on the electrical stimulus amplitude was obtained, which allows determining individual optimal parameters of electromyostimulation.
Recusa injustificada à vacinação contra a COVID-19 e a extinção do contrato de trabalho
Authors: Sousa Isabelle Cristina Mesquita Bitar de
Published: July 2022

As relações trabalhistas no Brasil vêm enfrentando uma crise de solução normativa quanto à licitude ou ilicitude da dispensa do empregado que se recusa injustificadamente a vacinar-se contra a COVID-19. De um lado, há atos legislativos (Leis e Portarias) conflitantes quanto ao assunto e, de outro, decisões da Justiça do Trabalho que divergem sobre a correta disciplina da situação. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo se norteia pelo problema do adequado tratamento jurídico-trabalhista da recalcitrância injustificada do empregado à vacinação, levantando a seguinte indagação: a recusa injustificada à imunização contra a COVID-19 se amolda a alguma hipótese prevista na legislação trabalhista como idônea a ensejar a demissão por justa causa do empregado? O objetivo geral deste estudo é examinar os parâmetros normativos aplicáveis a esse problema e estabelecer o adequado enquadramento dogmático da controvérsia. Metodologicamente, este ensaio consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa e explicativa, valendo-se da revisão bibliográfica e do estudo de documentos (normas jurídicas e decisões judiciais existentes sobre o tema) para encontrar as proposições mais pertinentes ao problema de pesquisa apresentado. A principal conclusão deste estudo é a de que a recusa injustificada do empregado à sua vacinação constitui hipótese de rescisão por justa causa do contrato de trabalho por indisciplina, tendo em vista a violação do dever de observar e colaborar para a saúde e segurança no ambiente de trabalho, enquadrando-se tecnicamente na hipótese do art. 482, inciso “h”, da CLT.
WSPARCIE SPOŁECZNE W POLSCE – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA
Authors: Dębski S. , Kowalski D. , Nikolenko O. , Kyryk O. , Orel I.
Published: July 2022

Wsparcie społeczne jako pojęcie wielowymiarowe i wielopłaszczyznowe budzi zainteresowania wielu dziedzin i dyscyplin naukowych. W bezustannym procesie demokratyzacji ustroju społeczno-politycznego państwa jakim jest Polska powołuje się instytucjonalne formy kształtujące tzw. wsparcie społeczne. Społeczeństwo uzyskuje możliwość stałego lub czasowego wsparcia instytucjonalnego w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych lub odbiegających od uznanych za zwyczajne w znaczeniu materialnym. Uruchomienie środków na te cele zarówno centralnie jak i lokalnie ma prowadzić do zaspokojenia potrzeb ludności z chwilą ich pojawienia się. Wprowadzono administracyjnie formuły, które określają komu i w jakich okolicznościach oraz w jakiej formie przyznaje się wsparcie. Celem wsparcia jest uruchomienie środków finansowych i materialnych zależnie od sytuacji wnoszących o przydzielenie. Procedury uruchomienia ujęte są w przestrzeni czasowej. Wiele instytucji skonstruowano tak aby uruchomić w nich imperatyw decyzyjno-rozliczeniowy w powiązaniu kształtującym ocenę i wynagrodzenie urzędników zależnie od pełnego wykorzystania środków na wskazane cele. Nie objęto wykazem wszystkich możliwych celów z przyczyn oczywistych – nie da się wszystkiego przewidzieć. Mimo to uwarunkowania czasowe wydatkowania środków ściśle określono powodując presję czynnościowo-decyzyjną od której uzależniono wysokość wynagradzania urzędników jak i ich regularność. To zdominowało działania urzędnicze na tyle, że wymusiło skonstruowanie relacji urzędnik-potrzebujący na rzecz stabilnego układu w interesie obu stron. Prowadzi to obecnie do realizacji wymuszonego wskazanymi okolicznościami schematu stałego przyznawania określonym potrzebującym wsparcia oraz pouczania ich o możliwościach korzystania także z innych opcji niż ustalone z chwilą ich pojawienia się, kształtując tym samym brak woli potrzebujących do zmiany swojej sytuacji i roli z potrzebującego na rolę pracującego i płacącego podatki, z których tworzone są fundusze dla instytucji wspierających i ich pracowników oraz klientów. Rola klienta w systemie długotrwałego korzystania w znaczeniu psychologicznym wyklucza możliwość zmiany bez udziału form terapeutycznych. Brak tychże form w znaczeniu możliwości wykorzystania dla wszystkich potrzebujących zamyka koło urzędnik-klient-terapeuta i stanowi o trwałości układu. To powoduje liczne wyzwania badawcze. W niniejszym opracowaniu metodom badawczym poddaje się wybrane zagadnienia występujące na terenie Polski.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФІТНЕС ПРОГРАМ У ФІЗИЧНОМУ ВИХОВАННІ СТУДЕНТОК ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ПІД ЧАС ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Самохвалова І. Ю. , Харченко С. М.
Published: July 2022

Проблема здоров’я населення України визнається на державному рівні, що на сучасному етап визначає здоров’я нації. Навчання студентів закладів вищої освіти за дистанційною формою призвело до критичного скорочення тривалості спеціально організованої рухової активності. Тому, виникла необхідність пошуку та використання сучасних методів та засобів розвитку рухових навичок, зокрема силової витривалості студентської молоді. Науковцями доведено, що напрям майбутньої професійної діяльності впливає на розвиток рухових навичок студенток, визначаючи особливості фізичної працездатності, рухової активності та необхідного рівня фізичного здоров’я майбутніх спеціалістів. Узагальнення наукових досліджень у галузі фізичної культури і спорту свідчить про важливість розвитку силової витривалості студенток у вищих навчальних закладах. Мета дослідження: визначити вплив використання фітнес – програм на показники силової витривалості студенток аграрного університету, під час дистанційних занять. В дослідженні використовувались методи: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне тестування, методи математичної статистики. Експеримент проводився на базі Сумського національного аграрного університету. У тестуванні взяли участь 28 студенток першого курсу факультету агротехнологій та природокористування, які були розподілені на контрольну та експериментальну групи. На заняттях експериментальної групи використовувались фітнес-програми для розвитку силової витривалості, яка необхідна для життєвої та професійної самореалізації студенток. Різноманітні динамічні і статичні вправи та їх комбінації підбирались таким чином, щоб працювали великі групи м’язів або кілька груп м’язів до втоми, яка стимулює зміни в м’язах. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено, що застосування фітнес – програм в експериментальній групі, сприяло суттєвим і позитивним зрушенням за багатьма досліджуваними показниками.
ОЗДОРОВЧО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНА РУХОВА АКТИВНІСТЬ У ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ ХРОНІЧНИХ НЕІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ЧОЛОВІКІВ ПОХИЛОГО ВІКУ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ
Authors: Григус І. М. , Хома О. В.
Published: July 2022

Значна кількість осіб похилого віку вже має суттєві обмеження в руховій активності через наявність хронічних неінфекційних захворювань, а враховуючи вимогу залишатися вдома в період карантинних обмежень фізичні навантаження ще більше знижуються, що відносить їх до ризикованої категорії так званого сидячого способу життя. Мета роботи – дослідити особливості використання засобів оздоровчо-рекреаційної рухової активності у профілактиці хронічних неінфекційних захворювань у чоловіків похилого віку в умовах карантинних обмежень. Методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз, узагальнення та систематизація даних фахової науково-методичної літератури та документальних матеріалів, метод абстрагування, метод порівняння та зіставлення, індуктивний та дедуктивний методи. Результати та висновки. Одним із найважливіших показників здорового способу життя є обсяг фізичних навантажень, а одним з найпоширеніших факторів ризику розви- тку хронічних неінфекційних захворювань є недостатня рухова активність. Ситуація загострюється через обмеження участі у оздоровчих програмах у період карантинних обмежень, викликаних пандемією COVID 19. У статті представлено огляд наявних підходів до використання засобів оздоровчо-рекреаційної рухової активності для осіб похилого віку. Встановлено, що більшість досліджень, спрямовані на залучення до програм рухової активності жінок похилого віку, а розробок, щодо підвищення рівня рухової активності чоловіків похилого віку недостатньо. Виявлено обмеження щодо рекомендацій результатів досліджень, що доступні в Інтернеті, оскільки вони здебільшого не враховують медичних показань, протипоказань і специфіки мотивації чоловіків похилого віку, що потребує подальших наукових розробок у цьому напрямі.