bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narcissists of a Feather Flock Together
Authors: Maaß Ulrike , Lämmle Lena , Bensch Doreen , Ziegler Matthias
Published: February 2016

Who is willing to expose himself or herself to narcissists on a long-term basis? Studies that address the interactions of narcissists focus mainly on their interactions with strangers. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which two best friends’ similarity in narcissism would influence their similarities in other personality profiles. A total of 290 best friends’ dyads filled out measurements of the whole Dark Triad as well as the Big Five. For each personality domain, profile similarity and its dependence on the similarity in the Dark Triad were determined. Results showed that the friends’ similarity in narcissism significantly predicted similarity in all Big Five domains. For the general Big Five similarity as well as extraversion, the effect of narcissism similarity was stronger for male than female or mixed friends. Similarity in psychopathy and Machiavellianism significantly predicted all domains except for openness and extraversion, respectively.
Companion Versus Comparison
Authors: Kim Jinhyung , Hong Emily K. , Choi Incheol , Hicks Joshua A.
Published: February 2016

Which friend do you want to spend time with—a happy friend who performs better than you or an unhappy friend who performs worse than you? The present research demonstrates that in such conflicting situations, when the desires for companionship and comparison are pitted against each other, one’s level of happiness plays an important role in one’s choice. Using hypothetical scenarios, we found that compared with unhappy people, happy people expected that spending time with a happy, superior friend would be more pleasant than spending time with an unhappy, inferior friend (Studies 1B through 2) and were more willing to socialize with a happy, superior friend than with an unhappy, inferior friend (Studies 1B through 2). Moreover, this pattern was not explained by self-esteem (Study 2) or the similarity-attraction hypothesis (Study 3). The present findings suggest that happy people place more value on companionship than on comparison.
The Scope of Our Affective Influences
Authors: Gasper Karen , Danube Cinnamon L.
Published: February 2016

To determine how naturally arising affect alters judgment, we examined whether (a) affective states exert a specific, rather than a general, influence on valenced-specific judgments; (b) neutral affect is associated with increased neutral judgments, independent of positive, negative, and ambivalent affects, and whether neutral judgments are associated with behavioral disengagement; and (c) the informational value of naturally arising states may be difficult to alter via salience and relevance manipulations. The results support several conclusions: (a) Affective states exerted a judgment-specific effect—positive affect was most strongly associated with positive judgments, negative affect with negative judgments, and neutral affect with neutral judgments. (b) Neutral affect influenced judgments, taking into account positive, negative, and ambivalent affects; and neutral judgments predicted behavioral disengagement. (c) With the exception of negative affect, naturally arising affective states typically influenced judgments regardless of their salience and relevance.
Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to Measure Construct Validity of the Traits, Aptitudes, and Behaviors Scale (TABS)
Authors: Besnoy Kevin D. , Dantzler John , Besnoy Lisa R. , Byrne Caitlin
Published: February 2016

This study evaluated the construct validity of the Traits, Aptitudes, and Behaviors Scale (TABS). Data for this study were collected from two separate school districts across three different academic years in the Southeastern United States. Of the total sample ( N = 2,330), 64.6% of the children were identified as African American, 29.0% as Caucasian, and 6.4% had no or other racial category specified. A two-step process was used to assess evidence of construct validity in the TABS. The first step was to identify an optimal factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) techniques. The second step was to confirm the structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods. Results point to a one-factor solution as the optimal factor structure for the TABS EFA sample; however, CFA showed mixed results for model fit. Despite these limitations, results of this study suggest that the TABS might help reduce teacher bias during the referral/nomination process of gifted children. Although the TABS factor structure suggests that it measures a single construct of giftedness, additional studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings.
Research Opportunities
Authors: Webster Murray
Published: February 2016

Social psychology offers abundant opportunities for developing new understandings through research. In my career, many people and circumstances have brought opportunities that initiated, supported, and improved investigations. I illustrate that process with selected instances from my research on interpersonal behavior, theory development, and applications of theoretical work. Our field demonstrates many ways that explicit theory is preferable to common sense, and it also shows the importance of caution and discipline in applying theoretical knowledge for practical ends. Among current opportunities to extend social psychological understanding are developing ways to reduce the status value of certain characteristics and tracking the natural growth and decay of other status characteristics. I hope that social psychologists will become less reticent about sharing our skills, particularly in consulting to businesses and to government on policy formation.
Novel Anatomic Characteristics of the Laryngeal Framework
Authors: Sagiv Doron , Eyal Ana , Mansour Jobran , Nakache Gabriel , Wolf Michael , Primov‐Fever Adi
Published: February 2016

Objective

The thyroid cartilage (TC) in men has a more prominent thyroid notch and a narrower interlaminae angle (ILA) as compared with women. Anatomy textbooks classically stipulate that the ILA is 90° in men and 120° in women. Our observation, based on thyroid chondroplasty operations, of a much narrower angle led to the current investigation.

Study Design

Cohort imaging study.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Computed tomography angiography neck images of adult patients were studied. The ILA was measured on 2 axial planes: at the level of the vocal processes (and the upper portion of thyroarytenoid muscles) and 5 mm superior and parallel to the former. The anterior projection of the TC and the vertical dimensions of the midline cricothyroid membrane (CTM) were also measured.

Results

A total of 126 patients were included in the study. The average ILAs were 63.5°±20.6° and 93.3°±16.6° for men and women, respectively (P < 10−14), and were significantly narrower at the upper level in comparison with the vocal process level (P < 10−7 for men, P =. 004 for women). The anterior projection of the TC in men was more prominent as compared with women (P =. 0003) and significantly correlated with the ILA (P =. 0159). The length of the midline CTM was 11.1±2.3 mm in men and 10.3±1.7 mm in women (P =. 0355).

Conclusions

The ILA is narrower than that reported in the classic anatomy textbooks. In male patients, the upper part of the TC becomes narrower and projects anteriorly like a “jug’s spout.” The mean vertical dimension of the midline CTM was 10 to 11 mm.
Environment, Social Identity and Individual Freedom in the Current Historiography of Northeast India
Authors: Zou David Vumlallian
Published: February 2016

Sanghamitra Misra, Becoming a Borderland: Space and Identity in Colonial Northeastern India, Routledge, New Delhi, 2011, 236 + xiv pp., ₹695.

Indrani Chatterjee, Forgotten Friends: Monks, Marriages, and Memories of Northeast India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2013, 451 + xiv pp., ₹1025.

Gunnel Cederlöf, Founding an Empire on India’s North-eastern Frontiers 1790–1840: Climate, Commerce, Polity, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014, 272 + xv pp., ₹895.

Arupjyoti Saikia, A Century of Protests: Peasant Politics in Assam since 1900, Routledge, New Delhi, 2014, 480 + xix pp., ₹1195.

Joy L.K. Pachuau, Being Mizo: Identity and Belonging in Northeast India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014, 273 + xv pp., ₹895.

Udayon Misra, India’s North East: Identity Movements, State, and Civil Society, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014, 366 + ix pp., ₹995.
Book Review: Burak Akçapar, People’s Mission to the Ottoman Empire: M.A. Ansari and the Indian Medical Mission
Authors: Farooqui Amar
Published: February 2016

Burak Akçapar, People’s Mission to the Ottoman Empire: M.A. Ansari and the Indian Medical Mission, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014, xii + 336 pp., ₹995 (hb), ISBN 978-0-19-809957-4.
Book Review: Clive Dewey, Steamboats on the Indus: The Limits of Western Technological Superiority in South Asia
Authors: Varadarajan Lotika
Published: February 2016

Clive Dewey, Steamboats on the Indus: The Limits of Western Technological Superiority in South Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014, 360 pp., £76.
Assessment of tumor oxygenation and its impact on treatment response in bevacizumab-treated recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Bonekamp David , Mouridsen Kim , Radbruch Alexander , Kurz Felix T , Eidel Oliver , Wick Antje , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Wick Wolfgang , Bendszus Martin , Østergaard Leif , Kickingereder Philipp
Published: February 2016

Antiantiogenic therapy with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma is currently understood to both reduce microvascular density and to prune abnormal tumor microvessels. Microvascular pruning and the resulting vascular normalization are hypothesized to reduce tumor hypoxia and increase supply of systemic therapy to the tumor; however, the underlying pathophysiological changes and their timing after treatment initiation remain controversial. Here, we use a novel dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI-based method, which allows simultaneous assessment of tumor net oxygenation changes reflected by the tumor metabolic rate of oxygen and vascular normalization represented by the capillary transit time heterogeneity. We find that capillary transit time heterogeneity, and hence the oxygen extraction fraction combine with the tumoral blood flow (cerebral blood flow) in such a way that the overall tumor oxygenation appears to be worsened despite vascular normalization. Accordingly, hazards for both progression and death are found elevated in patients with a greater reduction of tumor metabolic rate of oxygen in response to bevacizumab and patients with higher intratumoral tumor metabolic rate of oxygen at baseline. This implies that tumors with a higher degree of angiogenesis prior to bevacizumab-treatment retain a higher level of angiogenesis during therapy despite a greater antiangiogenic effect of bevacizumab, hinting at evasive mechanisms limiting bevacizumab efficacy in that a reversal of their biological behavior and relative prognosis does not occur.
Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Latina/o Adolescents of Immigrant Parents
Authors: Lopez William D. , LeBrón Alana M. W. , Graham Louis F. , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew
Published: February 2016

Discrimination is associated with negative mental health outcomes for Latina/o adolescents. While Latino/a adolescents experience discrimination from a number of sources and across contexts, little research considers how the source of discrimination and the context in which it occurs affect mental health outcomes among Latina/o children of immigrants. We examined the association between source-specific discrimination, racial or ethnic background of the source, and school ethnic context with depressive symptoms for Latina/o adolescents of immigrant parents. Using multilevel linear regression with time-varying covariates, we regressed depressive symptoms on source-specific discrimination, racial or ethnic background of the source of discrimination, and school percent Latina/o. Discrimination from teachers (β = 0.06, p < .05), students (β = 0.05, p < .05), Cubans (β = 0.19, p < .001), and Latinas/os (β = 0.19, p < .001) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. These associations were not moderated by school percent Latina/o. The findings indicate a need to reduce discrimination to improve Latina/o adolescents’ mental health.
MRI of the left atrium at 3T: evaluation of measurement reproducibility in healthy volunteers and patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Gandy Stephen J , Matthew Shona , Rekhraj Sushma , Szwejkowski Benjamin , Crowe Elena , Struthers Allan D , Houston J Graeme
Published: February 2016

Background

Left ventricular (LV) function has traditionally been the focus for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations, but similar methods can also be applied to the left atrium (LA). Previous studies elsewhere have almost entirely involved the use of 1.5T systems, but 3T MRI can provide faster data acquisition with thinner image slices, and may be more suitable for quantifying the structure and function of the LA.

Purpose

To evaluate 3T-MRI for LA volume assessments in: (i) healthy volunteers (HV); (ii) patients with LV-hypertrophy and ischemia (LVHI); and (iii) patients with LV-hypertrophy and diabetes (LVHD).

Material and Methods

Participants were imaged using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence. Healthy volunteers were scanned twice and patients were scanned on one occasion. Volumes were segmented by two observers, and coefficients of repeatability (CoR) were derived.

Results

For LA volumes (indexed to body surface area), CoRs were in the range of 1.3–4.6 mL/m2. The LVHI patients had enlarged LA volumes (diastolic, 46.4 mL/m2; systolic, 25.9 mL/m2) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) (44.9%) relative to the HV (diastolic, 39.0 mL/m2; systolic, 17.8 mL/m2; EF, 54.5%) and LVHD groups (diastolic, 41.4 mL/m2; systolic, 20.2 mL/m2; EF, 50.7%). LA volumes were moderately correlated with LV mass in the HV group (R2 = 0.59 for LA end-systolic volume), but became weaker (R2 ≤ 0.17) for patient groups.

Conclusion

3T-MRI derived LA volume measurements are simple and repeatable, and can elicit clear differences between LVHI patients and HVs. These MRI endpoints provide scope for improved radiological interpretation of LA structure and function, and the high degree of repeatability validates their use for longitudinal investigations where precision work is essential.
Therapists’ Perceptions of Their Encounter With Sex Offenders
Authors: Elias Haneen , Haj-Yahia Muhammad M.
Published: February 2016

Despite the increasing interest in therapists’ responses to their encounter with sex offenders, there is a lack of research on their subjective perceptions of this encounter and on their experience working with this client population. The study presented in this article is part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among 19 social workers (12 were women and 7 were men; their ages ranged from 30 to 66 years; 15 of them were Jewish and 4 were Arab). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine their attitudes toward and perceptions of their encounter with sex offenders. The questions related to the therapists’ perceptions regarding motives for committing sex offenses, therapists’ perceptions of sex offenders, therapists’ perceptions of the victims of sex offenders, and therapists’ perceptions of the nature of their professional role. In this article, emphasis is placed on the development and changes of the therapists’ perceptions following that encounter. The following five major domains of perceptions were revealed in the study: Therapists’ perceptions of the offenders’ personal motives for committing sex offenses, therapists’ perceptions of sex offenders, therapists’ perceptions of the experience of victimization, the process of changing perceptions, and the nature of the therapists’ role. The results are discussed in light of Ajzen’s conceptualization of the process of acquiring beliefs. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research and for shaping the perceptions of therapists toward sex offenders are discussed.
Blood gene expression studies in migraine: Potential and caveats
Authors: Gerring Zachary , Rodriguez-Acevedo Astrid J , Powell Joseph E , Griffiths Lyn R , Montgomery Grant W , Nyholt Dale R
Published: February 2016

Background

Global gene expression analysis may be used to obtain insights into the functional processes underlying migraine. However, there is a shortage of high-quality post-mortem brain tissue samples for genetic analysis. One approach is to use a more accessible tissue as a surrogate, such as peripheral blood.

Purpose

Discuss the benefits and caveats of blood genomic profiling in migraine and its potential application in the development of biomarkers of migraine susceptibility and outcome. Demonstrate the utility of blood-based expression profiles in migraine by analysing pilot Illumina HT-12 expression data from 76 (38 case, 38 control) whole-blood samples.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests peripheral blood is a biologically valid substrate for genetic studies of migraine, and may be used to identify biomarkers and therapeutic pathways. Pilot blood gene expression data confirm that expression profiles significantly differ between migraine case and non-migraine control individuals.
Finite element modeling of Lamb wave propagation in composite stepped joints
Authors: Sherafat Mohammad H , Quaegebeur Nicolas , Hubert Pascal , Lessard Larry , Masson Patrice
Published: February 2016

The objective of this research is to evaluate the integrity of a composite bonded joint by simulating Lamb wave propagation using finite element methods. The structure of interest is composed of two stepped carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates bonded together by an adhesive film. Two different bonding conditions are examined for the joint: undamaged and damaged (with disbond). In the finite element model, an antisymmetric guided wave is excited by imposing an out-of-plane displacement on the surfaces and a spatial Fourier transform is performed before and after the bond line for extraction of reflection and transmission coefficients. For validation, experiments are also conducted using two colocalized rectangular piezoceramics for plane wave generation. A 3D laser Doppler vibrometer is employed for noncontact measurement of the in-plane and out-of-plane velocity. The results confirm the reflections from the steps’ edges, and it is found that the level of reflection and transmission of the guided wave mode is different for undamaged and damaged joints. The antisymmetric mode in the pulse-echo configuration seems to be an efficient mode and strategy for disbond detection in composite repairs. The results verify that guided wave propagation is very effective for disbond detection in composite bonded joints and scarf repairs.
Anaerobic co-digestion plants for the revaluation of agricultural waste: Sustainable location sites from a GIS analysis
Authors: Villamar Cristina Alejandra , Rivera Diego , Aguayo Mauricio
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to establish sustainably feasible areas for the implementation of anaerobic co-digestion plants for agricultural wastes (cattle/swine slurries and cereal crop wastes). The methodology was based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and map algebra generated from hedges related to environmental, social and economic constraints. The GIS model obtained was applied to a region of Chile (Bío Bío Region) as a case study showing the energy potential (205 MW-h) of agricultural wastes (swine/cattle manures and cereal crop wastes) and thereby assessing its energy contribution (3.5%) at country level (Chile). From this model, it was possible to spatially identify the influence of each factor (environmental, economic and social) when defining suitable areas for the siting of anaerobic co-digestion plants. In conclusion, GIS-based models establish appropriate areas for the location of anaerobic co-digestion plants in the revaluation of agricultural waste from the production of energy through biogas production.
The Association Between Diabetes and Dementia Among Elderly Individuals
Authors: Sherzai Dean , Sherzai Ayesha , Lui Keith , Pan Deyu , Chiou Daniel , Bazargan Mohsen , Shaheen Magda
Published: February 2016

Background/Aim:

To date, few studies have cross-examined the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia nationally. There is also a lack of evidence regarding dementia subtypes and how this relationship changes among older individuals. The objective was to better delineate this relationship and influence of multiple comorbidities using a nationwide sample.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1998 to 2011 using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Version codes. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. Multivariate nominal logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, and comorbidities explored the independent relationship between Alzheimer dementia (AD), non-Alzheimer dementia (VaD), and diabetes.

Results:

21% of the participants were diabetic patients, 3.7% had AD, and 2.2% had VaD. Diabetes prevalence in AD, VaD, and no dementia groups were 20.6%, 24.3%, and 26.2%, respectively. In the unadjusted model, those with DM had lower odds of AD (odds ratio [OR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.74) and VaD (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.92). Adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidities, diabetic patients had significantly higher odds of VaD (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.08-1.11) and lower odds of AD (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.86-0.88). Inclusion of interaction terms (age, race/ethnicity, depression, stroke, and hypertension) made the relationship between diabetes and VaD not significant (OR 1.002, 95% CI 0.97-1.03), but the relationship of DM with AD remained significant (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.56-0.58; P < .05).

Conclusion:

Patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus had lower odds of having AD. Age, race/ethnicity, depression, stroke, and hypertension modified the relationship between DM and both VaD and AD. Further exploration of the relationship between DM and AD is warranted.
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates paraquat-induced acute pulmonary poisoning in vivo via transforming growth factor β1 and nuclear factor κB pathway interaction
Authors: Huang M , Lou D , Li H-H , Cai Q , Wang Y-P , Yang H-F
Published: February 2016

Paraquat (PQ) exposure could cause pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in an acute PQ poison model. One hundred and forty-four Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into three experimental groups: control group, PQ group, and PQ + PDTC group. At days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of treatment, the serum levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the levels of hydroxyproline, the protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, and histopathological change in lung tissue were assessed. The survival rate of rats treated with PQ + PDTC was increased compared with that of rats treated only with PQ ( p < 0.05), and the occurrence of pathological changes was dramatically attenuated in the PQ + PDTC group. The serum levels of TGF-β1 and the hydroxyproline levels in the PQ group were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner compared with those in the control and PQ + PDTC groups on days 7, 14, 28, and 56 ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the protein levels of NF-κB proteins p65, inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKKβ, and IκB-α were significantly downregulated in the PQ + PDTC group as determined by array analysis. The present findings suggest that overexpression of TGF-β1 may play an important role in PQ-induced lung injury and that PDTC, a strong NF-κB inhibitor, can rescue PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis by influencing the protein expression of NF-κB pathway.
Effect of bixin on DNA damage and cell death induced by doxorubicin in HL60 cell line
Authors: Santos GC , Almeida MR , Antunes LMG , Bianchi MLP
Published: February 2016

Bixin is a natural red pigment extracted from annatto. Although it is widely used as a coloring agent in food, there are few studies about the effect of this carotenoid on DNA. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bixin on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in HL60 cells. At concentrations above 0.3 μg/mL, bixin demonstrated cytotoxic effects in HL60 cells. Furthermore, this carotenoid was neither mutagenic nor genotoxic to HL60 cells and reduced the DNA damage induced by doxorubicin. Bixin and doxorubicin showed no apoptotic effect in HL60 cells, but the simultaneous combined treatments showed an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, our results showed that bixin modulates the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin via induction of apoptosis. The results of this study provide more knowledge about the toxic effects of anticancer treatments and how the natural compounds can be useful on these therapeutic approaches.
Intentional poisoning among elderly people—residents of a large urban agglomeration in Poland
Authors: Piekarska-Wijatkowska Anna , Kobza-Sindlewska Katarzyna , Rogaczewska Anna , Zajdel Radosław , Krakowiak Anna
Published: February 2016

Poisoning is considered a significant health problem among elderly people in Poland. This report refers to patients treated for poisonings at the Toxicology Unit, Lodz, Poland, during the period 2008–2012. The data to be analyzed were obtained from medical records of elderly people. A group of 1167 patients aged 60+ was selected. The number of intentional poisonings in the group of patients was 417, which accounted for 35.7% of all poisonings among the elderly people. Patients attempting intentional poisonings included 301 (72.2%) women and 116 (27.8%) men. The most common cause of intentional poisonings were drugs—96.6% ( n = 403). Benzodiazepines (46.9%) dominated among the intentional poisoning by drugs. During the analyzed 5 years, 80.3% ( n = 335) were suicidal poisonings and 19.7% ( n = 82) were demonstrative poisonings. Cardiovascular disease, which was diagnosed among 53.5% of the patients, was the most common physical illness. In conclusion, drugs are the most frequent type of the toxic agent responsible for poisoning cases among the elderly people. In this situation, the role of family doctors is very important: they should prescribe medicines in amounts not greater than absolutely necessary and maybe more often recommend psychiatric care for the elderly patients.
The Developmental Origins of Selective Social Learning
Authors: Poulin-Dubois Diane , Brosseau-Liard Patricia
Published: February 2016

The study of children’s social learning is a topic of central importance to our understanding of human development. Learning from others allows children to acquire information efficiently; however, not all information conveyed by others is accurate or worth learning. A large body of research conducted over the past decade has shown that preschoolers learn selectively from some individuals over others. In the present article, we summarize our work and that of others on the developmental origins of selective social learning during infancy. The results of these studies indicate that infants are sensitive to a number of cues, including competence, age, and confidence, when deciding from whom to learn. We highlight the important implications of this research for our understanding of the cognitive and social skills necessary for selective learning and point out promising avenues for future research.
Separating Narcissism From Self-Esteem
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Thomaes Sander , Sedikides Constantine
Published: February 2016

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a sense of superiority and a desire for respect and admiration from others. A common belief, both in psychology and in popular culture, is that narcissism represents a form of excessive self-esteem. Psychologists, including ourselves, have labeled narcissism as “an exaggerated form of high self-esteem,” “inflated self-esteem,” and “defensive high self-esteem.” We review research that challenges this belief by showing that narcissism differs markedly from self-esteem in its phenotype, its consequences, its development, and its origins. Drawing on emerging developmental-psychological evidence, we propose a distinction between narcissism and self-esteem that is based on the divergent socialization experiences that give rise to them. This proposal clarifies previous findings, stimulates theory development, and creates opportunities for intervention to concurrently raise self-esteem and curtail narcissism from an early age.
Connections Between Prenatal Physical Activity and Breastfeeding Decisions
Authors: Tucker Emily A. , Fouts Hillary N.
Published: February 2016

Women who engage in prenatal physical activity give themselves, and their child, an advantage over women who did not engage in prenatal physical activity; not only are there significant health benefits for mothers, but there are also great benefits for the unborn child. Breastfeeding is another important decision parents make that can affect the mother and her child. There has been extensive research on the benefits of both prenatal physical activity and breastfeeding, but the connection between the two is unclear. The purpose of this grounded theory article was to identify potential connections between factors influencing women’s decisions to engage in prenatal physical activity and breastfeeding among mothers in a medium-sized city in Tennessee. Responses from mothers revealed numerous themes related to both prenatal physical activity and breastfeeding. Connections between prenatal physical activity and breastfeeding, in addition to an overarching theme that captured the women’s collective experience, were identified.
Liminality in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Carter Brian S.
Published: February 2016

Palliative care for infants, children, and adolescents encompasses numerous transitions and thresholds of uncertainty that challenge conventional clinical medicine. Palliative care clinicians have opportunities to be more comfortable amid such challenges, or perhaps even overcome them, if they are attuned to the unique times and places in which patients, their families, and caregivers find themselves throughout illness and recovery or transitioning toward the end of life. Patient–clinician encounters often dwell in these liminal places. The concept of liminality gives validation to the patient or family’s being “stuck in places betwixt and between” a past life rich with relationship and purpose and an acute, chronic, or critical illness. Or having resolved the acute crisis of hospitalization that place between the past bounds of illness and the uncertain path forward, perhaps even toward death. Liminality provides a framework for addressing the unbound spaces that patients and families occupy: What is past is behind—the present place is tenuous and temporary, and what is ahead uncertain. This place is where palliative care clinicians can offer clinicians and families guidance.
Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Schmidt Kyle J. , Doshi Mitesh R. , Holzhausen Jenna M. , Natavio Allycia , Cadiz Megan , Winegardner Jim E.
Published: February 2016

Objective: Approximately 50% of patients with alcohol dependence experience alcohol withdrawal. Severe alcohol withdrawal is characterized by seizures and/or delirium tremens, often refractory to standard doses of benzodiazepines, and requires aggressive treatment. This review aims to summarize the literature pertaining to the pharmacotherapy of severe alcohol withdrawal. Data Sources: PubMed (January 1960 to October 2015) was searched using the search terms alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, intensive care, and refractory. Supplemental references were generated through review of identified literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English language articles assessing pharmacotherapy options for adult patients with severe alcohol withdrawal were included. Data Synthesis: A PubMed search yielded 739 articles for evaluation, of which 27 were included. The number of randomized controlled trials was limited, so many of these are retrospective analyses and case reports. Benzodiazepines remain the treatment of choice, with diazepam having the most favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Protocolized escalation of benzodiazepines as an alternative to a symptom-triggered approach may decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. Propofol is appropriate for patients refractory to benzodiazepines; however, the roles of phenobarbital, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine remain unclear. Conclusions: Severe alcohol withdrawal is not clearly defined, and limited data regarding management are available. Protocolized administration of benzodiazepines, in combination with phenobarbital, may reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and lead to shorter ICU stays. Propofol is a viable alternative for patients refractory to benzodiazepines; however, the role of other agents remains unclear. Randomized, prospective studies are needed to clearly define effective treatment strategies.
Squamous Dysplasia of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Warrick Joshua I. , Kaag Matthew , Raman Jay D. , Chan Wilson , Tran Truc , Kunchala Sudhir , DeGraff David , Chen Guoli
Published: February 2016

Squamous dysplasia of the urinary bladder is uncommon and may represent a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Though significant focus has been devoted to squamous differentiation in invasive bladder cancer, relatively little attention has been given to squamous dysplasia. We methodically reviewed microscopic slides from a consecutive cystectomy series at our institution (n = 303; 2001-2014), with special attention given to squamous dysplasia and squamous differentiation within association invasive carcinoma. Of these 303 cases, 3% (9 cases) had squamous dysplasia. The majority (89%; 8/9) had a similar morphological appearance to squamous dysplasia of the head and neck (ie, cytological atypia, architectural disturbances, and abnormal keratinization). Invasive carcinoma was present in 230 of the cystectomy cases. Of these 230 cases with invasive carcinoma, 4% (8 cases) also had squamous dysplasia. The invasive carcinoma had evidence of squamous differentiation in all cases with concurrent squamous dysplasia. Concurrent flat urothelial carcinoma in situ was present in 3 of the 8 cases with both invasive carcinoma and squamous dysplasia. Squamous dysplasia was not associated with clinical outcomes data, including death from bladder cancer and bladder cancer recurrence. The data from this study indicate that squamous dysplasia is uncommon in the cystectomy setting, frequently has the morphology of head and neck dysplasia, and is often associated with invasive carcinoma with squamous differentiation.
“Hope’s Elevator”
Authors: Kelly Pryor Brandy N.
Published: February 2016

Based on data collected from 12 young Black women, and the literary voice of Janie Crawford, Zora Neale Hurston’s 1937 protagonist in Their Eyes Were Watching God, Kelly Pryor creates an ethnodramatic script reflecting the perception, portrayal, and performance of hope. Reflectively acknowledging her role as ethnographer, Kelly Pryor creates this script by re(membering) narratives from the literary text and transcripts, while maintaining fidelity to each interlocutor’s words. Kelly Pryor uses this one-act play to demonstrate the Black female literary tradition is a space of transcendence that echoes social theory, further enabling her to explore the complex voices of identity and hope in contemporary qualitative inquiry. Creating a new genre of ethnodrama, a literary ethnodrama, Kelly Pryor concludes this experimental method further offers reader and author opportunities for envisioning a world in which art and science coexist to illuminate topics often neglected in empirical investigations.
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Functional Outcomes in the Treatment of ADHD: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vysniauske Ruta , Verburgh Lot , Oosterlaan Jaap , Molendijk Marc L.
Published: February 2016

Objective: An increasing number of studies suggest possible beneficial effects of exercise in alleviating ADHD functional outcomes. The current study provides a quantitative meta-analysis of the available studies investigating this relationship. Method: Studies reporting on the effects of physical exercise on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD were identified through Cochrane, PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science databases. Ten publications were selected. Random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. Results: There was a significant effect of exercise on ADHD functional outcomes ( g = 0.627). Longer exercise intervention duration was consistently associated with larger effect sizes. Effect sizes were not related to exercise intensity, mean age of participants, or gender distribution. Conclusion: Results suggest that exercise has a modest positive impact on ADHD functional outcomes, such as executive functions and motor skills, with longer interventions yielding better results.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated With Behavior But Not With Cognition in Children With and Without ADHD: An Italian study
Authors: Crippa Alessandro , Agostoni Carlo , Mauri Maddalena , Molteni Massimo , Nobile Maria
Published: February 2016

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) status, cognitive, and behavioral traits of ADHD in school-aged children. Method: Seventy-three children with and without ADHD were assessed with cognitive tasks and behavioral rating scales including quality of life and global functioning at baseline of an intervention trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01796262). Correlation analyses were performed between the cognitive tasks/behavioral ratings and blood PUFA levels. Results: Children with ADHD had lower levels of DHA, omega-3 index, and total PUFA. PUFAs were positively associated with behavior but not consistently related to cognitive domains. Conclusion: The present study confirms that children with ADHD display abnormal fatty acid profiles within an Italian setting. Furthermore, PUFAs were associated with behavior but not with cognition. Accordingly, for the first time, lower blood levels of PUFA were associated not only with symptoms of ADHD but also with a poorer quality of life.
Fatal Factors for Preschoolers
Authors: Clifford Janice E. , Tetzlaff-Bemiller Melissa J. , Jarvis John P. , Huff-Corzine Lin , Weaver Greg S. , Corzine Jay
Published: February 2016

This research examines how victim and offender characteristics, as well as contextual factors are related to the lethality of assaults for children less than 5 years old. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data for 2006 to 2011 were analyzed using logistic regression techniques to estimate two models designed to explore factors associated with the death of preschoolers. Results indicate that the probability of fatality is significantly influenced by victim and offender characteristics, victim–offender relationship, weapon used, time of incident, and region of the United States in which the incident occurred.
Theoretical and experimental analysis for the impact response of glass fibre reinforced aluminium honeycomb sandwiches
Authors: Crupi Vincenzo , Kara Emre , Epasto Gabriella , Guglielmino Eugenio , Aykul Halil
Published: February 2016

Honeycomb sandwich structures are increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace and shipbuilding industries where fuel savings, increase in load carrying capacity, vehicle safety and decrease in gas emissions are very important aspects. The aim of this study was to develop the theoretical methods, initially proposed by the authors and by other researchers for the prediction of low-velocity impact responses of sandwich structures. The developed methods were applied to sandwich structures with aluminium honeycomb cores and glass-epoxy facings for the assessment of impact parameters and for the prediction of limit loads. The values of model parameters were compared with data reported in literature and the predictions of the limit loads were validated by means of the experimental data. Good achievement was obtained between the results of the theoretical models and the experimental data. The failure mode and the internal damage of the sandwich panels have been investigated using 3D computed tomography, which allowed the evaluation of parameters of energy balance model, and infrared thermography, which allowed the detection of the temperature evolution of the specimens during the tests. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the use of glass-epoxy reinforcement on aluminium honeycomb sandwiches enhances the energy absorption and load carrying capacities.
Extensive molluscum contagiosum virus infection in a young adult receiving fingolimod
Authors: Behle Valeria , Wobser Marion , Goebeler Matthias , Stoevesandt Johanna
Published: February 2016

Fingolimod-related viral infections have been described on several occasions since its introduction in 2010. We hereby add a report on an otherwise immunocompetent, 18-year old Caucasian man with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who developed a protracted and extensive molluscum contagiosum (MC) virus infection shortly after being started on fingolimod. Wide-spread cutaneous MC infections in adult patients are considered indicative of underlying immunosuppression. Neurologists prescribing fingolimod ought to be aware of a possibly increased risk of MC, but also need to know about its relative benignity, lack of extra-cutaneous complications, and adequate treatment options.
Insecurity and the sociology of deviance: Jock Young against Talcott Parsons and the long shadow of C. Wright Mills – a comparative appreciation
Authors: Schlembach Christopher
Published: February 2016

In The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young praises Charles Mills for his sociological imagination and refutes Talcott Parsons as an abstract theorist. This article focuses on a key concept of contemporary criminology and in the work of Parsons, the concept of insecurity and its relationship with deviance. Three facts have to be kept in mind: (1) Parsons’ work is based in methodology in which conceptual schemes and empirical facts are distinguished. (2) Modern society is pluralised and differentiated and so are the sciences of human action. (3) Since the 1930s, Parsons conceptualised the co-existence of pluralised and differentiated democracy in America and monolithic and totalitarian dictatorship in Germany. It shall be shown how Young’s understanding of insecurity as cause of crime and criminalisation converges with Parsons’ ideas and how some of Young’s psychological assumptions have an equivalent in Parsons’ uses of psychoanalysis. Finally, Young and Parsons address the problem of emotion and expressive action, the pleasures of deviance as well as the origins of punitive reaction formations.
The role of Dementia Champion in dementia care: Its aspirations, development and training needs (innovative practice)
Authors: Mayrhofer Andrea , Goodman Claire , Smeeton Nigel
Published: February 2016

Background

The conceptualisation and development of the role of Dementia Champions in clinical practice is ongoing, and dementia specific training has a significant impact on the scope of the role.

Aim

This survey aimed to elicit Dementia Champions’ views on their role and associated training needs.

Methods

Data were collected via an online survey.

Findings

Of 188, 34 Dementia Champions (response rate 18%) participated. Most perceived dementia awareness training as useful, but limited. Areas suggested for further development were context specific skills training, education programmes that were formally recognised, and clarification around the expectations of the role.

Conclusion

Expectations of ‘champion roles’ in dementia need to be re-visited, specifically in relation to the remit of the role and the level of education, preparation and support required for Dementia Champions to become change agents in dementia care.
Influence of bias angle of stitching on tensile characteristics of lapped seam parachute canopy fabric – Part I: Mathematical modelling for determining test specimen size
Authors: Singh Harabansh , Mukhopadhyay A , Chatterjee A
Published: February 2016

This study embodies evaluation of ideal test specimen dimension for the study of tensile characteristics of lapped seam parachute canopy fabric. Due to anisotropic nature of textile fabrics, the mechanical property of unseamed and seamed fabric changes with the change in specimen test direction. Therefore, measurement of tensile property at different bias angle (an acute angle between warp and specimen length/test direction) becomes more important in parachute canopy where joining of its various parts is not only in principle direction but also at different bias angle. The present paper deals with the influence of bias angle of stitching on breaking strength and elongation of unseamed and lapped seam parachute canopy fabric using test specimen dimension based on previous practice. Present study reveals that there is need of re-specification of specimen dimension for evaluation of tensile properties of parachute fabric. With the changes in angle of bias, width and gauge length of test specimen, the number of different category of warp and weft yarns available between the specimen grip lines changes and can be calculated mathematically. This has important role in affecting the ultimate properties of parachute fabric. Based on the study, an optimized dimension of test specimen has been postulated for evaluation of tensile characteristics of parallel/opposite stitched specimen through which reliable test result can be obtained. The proposed dimension can be used for comparative analysis of breaking strength and elongation of unseamed and seamed fabric at different bias angle.
Sound absorbing properties of roller blind curtain fabrics
Authors: Demiryürek Oğuz , Aydemir Hüsnü
Published: February 2016

Roller blind fabrics are preferred and commonly used in home and office. In general, these fabrics are produced by coating the acrylic blended material, which is known by their ultraviolet properties, onto polyester woven fabrics. In this study, in order to characterize the sound insulation properties of roller blind fabrics, coating resin having different ratios of acrylic are applied onto different polyester woven structures. Sound absorption properties of these fabrics (front and back sides) are measured through dual microphone impedance tube and investigated by statistical analyses. Regression curves are obtained and optimum fabric properties on sound absorbing property have been suggested. As a result, acrylic content in coating material, fabric type, and viol structures occurred by coating process on the woven fabric are found as effective parameters on sound absorption properties of these fabrics. Increasing acrylic content in the resin up to 40% increases the sound absorbing value but further increasing this ratio yields sound reflection from the structure, in general. Optimum sound absorption and reflection values are provided with 40% acrylic rate in coating mixture.