bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensity Modulated Radiation Fields Induce Protective Effects and Reduce Importance of Dose-Rate Effects
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , McMahon Stephen J. , Ghita Mihaela , Yoshii Yuji , Sato Tatsuhiko , Date Hiroyuki , Prise Kevin M.
Published: July 2019

In advanced radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiation fields and complex dose-delivery are utilized to prescribe higher doses to tumours. Here, we investigated the impact of modulated radiation fields on radio-sensitivity and cell recovery during dose delivery. We generated experimental survival data after single-dose, split-dose and fractionated irradiation in normal human skin fibroblast cells (AGO1522) and human prostate cancer cells (DU145). The dose was delivered to either 50% of the area of a T25 flask containing the cells (half-field) or 100% of the flask (uniform-field). We also modelled the impact of dose-rate effects and intercellular signalling on cell-killing. Applying the model to the survival data, it is found that (i) in-field cell survival under half-field exposure is higher than uniform-field exposure for the same delivered dose; (ii) the importance of sub-lethal damage repair (SLDR) in AGO1522 cells is reduced under half-field exposure; (iii) the yield of initial DNA lesions measured with half-field exposure is smaller than that with uniform-field exposure. These results suggest that increased cell survival under half-field exposure is predominantly attributed not to rescue effects (increased SLDR) but protective effects (reduced induction of initial DNA lesions). In support of these protective effects, the reduced DNA damage leads to modulation of cell-cycle dynamics, i.e., less G1 arrest 6 h after irradiation. These findings provide a new understanding of the impact of dose-rate effects and protective effects measured after modulated field irradiation.
Development of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation and antimicrobial blue light upon sub-lethal treatment
Authors: Rapacka-Zdonczyk Aleksandra , Wozniak Agata , Pieranski Michal , Woziwodzka Anna , Bielawski Krzysztof P. , Grinholc Mariusz
Published: July 2019

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) and antimicrobial blue light (aBL) are considered low-risk treatments for the development of bacterial resistance and/or tolerance due to their multitargeted modes of action. In this study, we assessed the development of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to these phototreatments. Reference S. aureus USA300 JE2 was subjected to 15 cycles of both sub-lethal aPDI (employing an exogenously administered photosensitizer (PS), i.e., rose Bengal (RB)) and sub-lethal aBL (employing endogenously produced photosensitizing compounds, i.e., porphyrins). We demonstrate substantial aPDI/aBL tolerance development and tolerance stability after 5 cycles of subculturing without aPDI/aBL exposure (the development of aPDI/aBL tolerance was also confirmed with the employment of clinical MRSA and MSSA strain as well as other representatives of Gram-positive microbes, i.e. Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus agalactiae). In addition, a rifampicin-resistant (RIFR) mutant selection assay showed an increased mutation rate in S. aureus upon sub-lethal phototreatments, indicating that the increased aPDI/aBL tolerance may result from accumulated mutations. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis following sub-lethal phototreatments demonstrated increased expression of umuC, which encodes stress-responsive error-prone DNA polymerase V, an enzyme that increases the rate of mutation. Employment of recA and umuC transposon S. aureus mutants confirmed SOS-induction dependence of the tolerance development. Interestingly, aPDI/aBL-tolerant S. aureus exhibited increased susceptibility to gentamicin (GEN) and doxycycline (DOX), supporting the hypothesis of genetic alterations induced by sub-lethal phototreatments. The obtained results indicate that S. aureus may develop stable tolerance to studied phototreatments upon sub-lethal aPDI/aBL exposure; thus, the risk of tolerance development should be considered significant when designing aPDI/aBL protocols for infection treatments in vitro and in clinical settings.
Inferring fine-scale spatial structure of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Carpathians prior to infrastructure development
Authors: Fedorca Ancuta , Russo Isa-Rita M. , Ionescu Ovidiu , Ionescu Georgeta , Popa Marius , Fedorca Mihai , Curtu Alexandru Lucian , Sofletea Neculae , Tabor Gary M. , Bruford Michael W.
Published: July 2019

Landscape genetics is increasingly being used in landscape planning for biodiversity conservation by assessing habitat connectivity and identifying landscape barriers, using intraspecific genetic data and quantification of landscape heterogeneity to statistically test the link between genetic variation and landscape variability. In this study we used genetic data to understand how landscape features and environmental factors influence demographic connectedness in Europe’s largest brown bear population and to assist in mitigating planned infrastructure development in Romania. Model-based clustering inferred one large and continuous bear population across the Carpathians suggesting that suitable bear habitat has not become sufficiently fragmented to restrict movement of individuals. However, at a finer scale, large rivers, often located alongside large roads with heavy traffic, were found to restrict gene flow significantly, while eastern facing slopes promoted genetic exchange. Since the proposed highway infrastructure development threatens to fragment regions of the Carpathians where brown bears occur, we develop a decision support tool based on models that assess the landscape configuration needed for brown bear conservation using wildlife corridor parameters. Critical brown bear corridors were identified through spatial mapping and connectivity models, which may be negatively influenced by infrastructure development and which therefore require mitigation. We recommend that current and proposed infrastructure developments incorporate these findings into their design and where possible avoid construction measures that may further fragment Romania’s brown bear population or include mitigation measures where alternative routes are not feasible.
Multi-copper ferroxidase deficiency leads to iron accumulation and oxidative damage in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Chen Zheng , Jiang Ruiwei , Chen Mengxia , Zheng Jiashuo , Chen Min , Braidy Nady , Liu Shunli , Liu Guohao , Maimaitiming Zaitunamu , Shen Tianqi , Dunaief Joshua L. , Vulpe Christopher D. , Anderson Gregory J. , Chen Huijun
Published: July 2019

Accumulation of iron has been associated with the pathobiology of various disorders of the central nervous system. Our previous work has shown that hephaestin (Heph) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) double knockout (KO) mice induced iron accumulation in multiple brain regions and that this was paralleled by increased oxidative damage and deficits in cognition and memory. In this study, we enriched astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from the cerebral cortex of neonatal wild-type (WT), Heph KO and Cp KO mice. We demonstrated that Heph is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes, while Cp is mainly expressed in astrocytes. Iron efflux was impaired in Cp KO astrocytes and Heph KO oligodendrocytes and was associated with increased oxidative stress. The expression of Heph, Cp, and other iron-related genes was examined in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes both with and without iron treatment. Interestingly, we found that the expression of the mRNA encoding ferroportin 1, a transmembrane protein that cooperates with CP and HEPH to export iron from cells, was positively correlated with Cp expression in astrocytes, and with Heph expression in oligodendrocytes. Our findings collectively demonstrate that HEPH and CP are important for the prevention of glial iron accumulation and thus may be protective against oxidative damage.
Using the standard deviational ellipse to document changes to the spatial dispersion of seasonal tornado activity in the United States
Authors: Moore Todd W. , McGuire Michael P.
Published: July 2019

Recent studies have documented possible ongoing changes to the climatology of tornadoes in the United States. Observed changes include increasing tornado counts in the Southeast and Midwest Regions, decreasing tornado counts in the Great Plains, and increased clustering of tornadoes on fewer days of the year. This study illustrates that the spatial dispersion of tornadoes in the United States is also changing. The dispersion of tornadoes decreased between 1954 and 2017, most notably in spring, summer, and fall. Furthermore, tornadoes tended to be less spatially dispersed in seasons with more tornadoes and with multiple days on which 20 or more tornadoes occur. This suggests that the increased occurrence of tornado outbreaks is contributing to the decrease in dispersion.
Resurrection of efficient Precambrian endoglucanases for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis
Authors: Barruetabeña Nerea , Alonso-Lerma Borja , Galera-Prat Albert , Joudeh Nadeem , Barandiaran Leire , Aldazabal Leire , Arbulu Maria , Alcalde Miguel , De Sancho David , Gavira Jose A. , Carrion-Vazquez Mariano , Perez-Jimenez Raul
Published: July 2019

Cellulases catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose. Improving their catalytic efficiency is a long-standing goal in biotechnology given the interest in lignocellulosic biomass decomposition. Although methods based on sequence alteration exist, improving cellulases is still a challenge. Here we show that Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction can “resurrect” efficient cellulases. This technique reconstructs enzymes from extinct organisms that lived in the harsh environments of ancient Earth. We obtain ancestral bacterial endoglucanases from the late Archean eon that efficiently work in a broad range of temperatures (30–90 °C), pH values (4–10). The oldest enzyme (~2800 million years) processes different lignocellulosic substrates, showing processive activity and doubling the activity of modern enzymes in some conditions. We solve its crystal structure to 1.45 Å which, together with molecular dynamics simulations, uncovers key features underlying its activity. This ancestral endoglucanase shows good synergy in combination with other lignocellulosic enzymes as well as when integrated into a bacterial cellulosome.
Versatile biomimetic medical device surface: hydrophobin coated, nitric oxide-releasing polymer for antimicrobial and hemocompatible applications
Authors: Devine Ryan , Singha Priyadarshini , Handa Hitesh
Published: July 2019

In medical device design, there is a vital need for a coating that promotes treatment of the patient and simultaneously prevents fouling by biomacromolecules which in turn can progress to infections, thrombosis and other device-related complications.
Use of multifunctional composite nanofibers for photothermalchemotherapy to treat cervical cancer in mice
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Lizhe , Zong Shan , Qiu Renna , Liu Shi
Published: July 2019

A locally administered combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy may be suitable for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Alkyne aza-Prins cyclization ofN-(hexa-3,5-diynyl)tosylamides with aldehydes using triflic acid and a binuclear aluminum complex
Authors: Kobayashi Naoko , Kaneko Kazuma , Amemiya Sho , Noguchi Keiichi , Yamanaka Masahiro , Saito Akio
Published: July 2019

The alkyne aza-Prins cyclization of 3,5-diynyl amides and various aldehydes was developed as a first example of the aza-Prins cyclization with the introduction of TfO groups. This method could be applied to homopropargyl amides.
Metal-free cyclization of unsaturated hydrazones for the divergent assembly of pyrazolones and pyrazolines
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Zhou Yao , Song Qiuling
Published: July 2019

An oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones for the divergent assembly of pyrazolones and pyrazolines under metal-free conditions is presented.
Amplifying fluorescent conjugated polymer sensor for singlet oxygen detection
Authors: Wang Chun-Han , Nesterov Evgueni E.
Published: July 2019

A “higher energy gap” concept was used to design an efficient conjugated polymer turn-on amplifying fluorescent sensor for singlet oxygen.
Cu nanowires paper interlinked with cobalt oxide films for enhanced sensing and energy storage
Authors: Yuan Ruimei , Li Hejun , Yin Xuemin , Wang Peipei , Lu Jinhua , Zhang Leilei
Published: July 2019

A Cu-NWs paper is synthesized by a one-step method, which supports to deliver good performance for the catalytic oxidation of glucose and energy storage.
Core properties and the role of screw dislocations in the bulk n-type conductivity in InN
Authors: Belabbas Imad , Pizzagalli Laurent , Kioseoglou Joseph , Chen Jun
Published: July 2019

First principles calculations, based on density functional theory, have been carried out to investigate the role of screw dislocations in the bulk n-type conductivity which is usually observed in indium nitride.
The role of alkylamine in the stabilization of CuO nanoparticles as a determinant of the Al/CuO redox reaction
Authors: Palussière Ségolène , Cure Jérémy , Nicollet Andréa , Fau Pierre , Fajerwerg Katia , Kahn Myrtil L. , Estève Alain , Rossi Carole
Published: July 2019

We report on a new strategy to synthesize Al/CuO nanothermites from commercial Al and ultra-small chemically synthesized CuO nanoparticles coated with alkylamine ligands.
Effects of Ag doping on the electronic and optical properties of CdSe quantum dots
Authors: Zhao F. A. , Xiao H. Y. , Bai X. M. , Zu X. T.
Published: July 2019

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals are important photoelectric materials.
Designing ultrastrong 5d transition metal diborides with excellent stability for harsh service environments
Authors: Wang Ning , Fu Zhongheng , Legut Dominik , Wei Bo , Germann Timothy C. , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: July 2019

A pressure-induced strengthening strategy can be rationalized by the proposed strengthening factor η.
Decanuclear FeIII clusters with hemiacetal ligands: a new {M10(μ3-O)8} cluster core
Authors: Mayans J. , Roc L. , Font-Bardia M. , Escuer A.
Published: July 2019

The characterization of a FeIII10 cluster with α-methyl-2-pyridinemethanolate lead us to explore the direct syntheses of medium nuclearity FeIII clusters with aldehydes in methanol. The complexes exhibit an unprecedented {Fe10(μ3-O)8} cluster core.
Dry hydrated potassium carbonate for effective CO2 capture
Authors: Wang Suying , Liu Zhengwen , Smith Andrew T. , Zeng Yanxian , Sun Luyi , Wang Weixing
Published: July 2019

Dry hydrated potassium carbonate (DHPC), a free-flowing powder, has a CO2 uptake up to 233 mg g−1 (90% saturation uptake within 13 min) and excellent cycling performance.
Novel NIR LaGaO3:Cr3+,Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Nd, Er) phosphors via energy transfer for C–Si-based solar cells
Authors: Zhang Liang , Dong Langping , Shao Baiqi , Zhao Shuang , You Hongpeng
Published: July 2019

Novel NIR phosphors possess broadband absorption in the UV–Vis region and strong NIR emission, matching well with the spectral response of the C–Si solar cell and having a potential application in the C–Si solar cell.
Strong photoluminescence and sensing performance of nanosized Ca0.8Ln0.1Na0.1WO4(Ln = Sm,Eu) compounds obtained by the dry “top-down” grinding method
Authors: Gomez Germán E. , López Carlos A. , Ayscue R. Lee , Knope Karah E. , Torres Deluigi María del R. , Narda Griselda E.
Published: July 2019

Two new nanosized lanthanide-doped materials (Sm and Eu) obtained by high-energy milling provided a suitable platform with solid-state photoluminescence properties for sensing applications.
A highly augmented, (12,3)-connected Zr-MOF containing hydrated coordination sites for the catalytic transformation of gaseous CO2 to cyclic carbonates
Authors: Jin Guanghua , Sensharma Debobroto , Zhu Nianyong , Vaesen Sebastien , Schmitt Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

A Zr-MOF, which contains partially hydrated, 12-connected {Zr6} nodes and extended carboxylate ligands was synthesized, characterised and utilised in CO2 cycloaddition catalysis.
Emissions of DEHP from vehicle cabin materials: parameter determination, impact factors and exposure analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , He Zhangcan , Zhang Shuhua , Tong Liping , Cao Jianping , Xiong Jianyin
Published: July 2019

A VVR method is developed to measure the key parameters of DEHP from vehicular materials.
Electrolyte additives to enable nonaqueous polyelectrolyte solutions for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Diederichsen Kyle M. , McCloskey Bryan D.
Published: July 2019

In this work, crown ethers are shown to significantly improve the conductivity of nonaqueous polyelectrolyte solutions, enabling their use in a battery.
Liquid layer generators for excellent icephobicity at extremely low temperatures
Authors: Wang Feng , Xiao Senbo , Zhuo Yizhi , Ding Wenwu , He Jianying , Zhang Zhiliang
Published: July 2019

The liquid layer generators enable excellent dynamic anti-icing performance and show great potential at temperature of −60 °C.
A novel ratiometric and turn-on fluorescent coumarin-based probe for Fe(iii)
Authors: Pivetta Tiziana , Masuri Sebastiano , Cabiddu Maria Grazia , Caltagirone Claudia , Pintus Anna , Massa Michela , Isaia Francesco , Cadoni Enzo
Published: July 2019

6-Methoxy-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one exhibited fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Fe(iii). This molecule was a selective fluorescent chemosensor for Fe(iii).
Tuning and in situ monitoring of surface-initiated, atom-transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide derivatives in water-based solvents
Authors: Mandal Joydeb , Simic Rok , Spencer Nicholas D.
Published: July 2019

SI-ATRP kinetics of acrylamide derivatives is studied in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The effect of growth kinetics on polymer-brush dispersity have been examined using colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy.
A novel, fast, high sensitivity biosensor for supporting therapeutic decisions and onset actions for chest pain cases
Authors: Sheta Sheta M. , El-Sheikh Said M. , Abd-Elzaher Mokhles M. , Ghanem Mosaad L. , Salem Salem R.
Published: July 2019

A novel organic nano linker (NL) and manganese metal–organic framework (Mn–MOF) were synthesized and fully characterized. A promising cardiac troponin-I potentiometric biosensor based on Mn–MOF could be used for early myocardial infarction diagnosis.
Efficient detoxification of triclosan by a S–Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4hybrid photocatalyst: process optimization and bio-toxicity assessment
Authors: Xie Xiangfeng , Chen Chen , Wang Xiaoxiang , Li Jie , Naraginti Saraschandra
Published: July 2019

Owing to their persistency and toxicity, development of an effective strategy to eliminate antibiotic residues from the aquatic system has become a major environmental concern.
Unraveling the structural and chemical features of biological short hydrogen bonds
Authors: Zhou Shengmin , Wang Lu
Published: July 2019

Short hydrogen bonds are ubiquitous in biological macromolecules and exhibit distinctive proton potential energy surfaces and proton sharing properties.
Visualizing spatial potential and charge distribution in Ru/N-doped carbon electrocatalysts for superior hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Ding Guangzhou , Yu Jieyi , Liu Xianguo , Zhang Xuefeng , Guo Junjie , Zhang Jincang , Ren Wei , Che Renchao
Published: July 2019

Ultrafine Ru nanocrystals uniformly dispersed on N-doped carbon with superior HER performance as confirmed by DFT calculations and electron holography.
Pivotal role of electrospun nanofibers in microfluidic diagnostic systems – a review
Authors: Rezaei Zahra , Mahmoudifard Matin
Published: July 2019

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes enjoy numerous factors which benefit them to be used as potential candidates in microfluidic based biosensing platforms.
Improving the mesomorphic behaviour of supramolecular liquid crystals by resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding
Authors: Saccone Marco , Pfletscher Michael , Kather Sven , Wölper Christoph , Daniliuc Constantin , Mezger Markus , Giese Michael
Published: July 2019

A significant impact of resonance-assisted hydrogen-bonding (RAHB) on the liquid crystalline behavior of hydrogen-bonded mesogens is reported and systematically investigated.
Auditory and Cognitive Behavioral Performance Deficits and Symptom Reporting in Postconcussion Syndrome Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Vander Werff Kathy R. , Rieger Brian
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study examined auditory deficits and symptom reporting in individuals with long-term postconcussion symptoms following a single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) compared to age- and gender-matched controls without a history of mTBI.

Method

Case history interviews, symptom questionnaires, and a battery of central auditory and neuropsychological tests were administered to 2 groups. The mTBI group was a civilian population recruited from a local concussion management program who were seeking rehabilitation for postconcussion-related problems in a postacute period between 3 and 18 months following injury. Symptom validity testing was included to assess the rate of possible insufficient test effort and its influence on scores for all outcome measures. Analyses of group differences in test scores were performed both with and without the participants who showed insufficient test effort. Rates of symptom reporting, correlations among symptoms and behavioral test outcomes, and the relationships between auditory and cognitive test performance were analyzed.

Results

The mTBI group reported a high rate of auditory symptoms and general postconcussion symptoms. Performance on neuropsychological tests of cognitive function showed some differences in raw scores between groups, but when effort was considered, there were no significant differences in the rate of abnormal performance between groups. In contrast, there were significant differences in both raw scores and the rate of abnormal performance between groups for some auditory tests when only considering participants with sufficient effort. Auditory symptoms were strongly correlated with other general postconcussion symptoms.

Conclusions

Significant auditory symptoms and evidence of long-term central auditory dysfunction were found in a subset of individuals who had chronic postconcussion symptoms after a single mTBI unrelated to blast trauma. The rate of abnormal performance on auditory behavioral tests exceeded the rate of abnormal performance on tests of cognitive function.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8329955
Effect Sizes in Single-Case Aphasia Studies: A Comparative, Autocorrelation-Oriented Analysis
Authors: Archer Brent , Azios Jamie H. , Müller Nicole , Macatangay Lauren
Published: July 2019

Purpose

In single-case treatment studies, researchers may compare client performance during a baseline, nontreatment phase(s) to client performance during intervention phases. Autocorrelation in the data series gathered during such studies increases the likelihood that analysts will detect or fail to detect meaningful differences between baseline and treatment phase data. We examined the impact that autocorrelation has on 4 effect size calculation methods when these methods are applied to data generated by people with aphasia during anomia treatment studies. The effect sizes we selected were Busk and Serlin's
d,
Young's
C
, nonoverlap of all pairs, and Tau-
U
. We hypothesized that
d
and
C
would be influenced by autocorrelation, whereas nonoverlap of all pairs and Tau-
U
would not.

Method

We extracted 173 highly autocorrelated data series from published investigations of treatments for anomia. These data series were then “cleansed” of autocorrelation through the use of an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) process. The 4 effect size calculation methods were used to derive an effect size for each published and each corresponding ARIMA-tized data series. The published and ARIMA-tized effect sizes associated with each calculation method were then compared.

Results

For all of the 4 effect sizes, statistically significant differences existed between the published effect sizes and the ARIMA-tized effect sizes.

Conclusions

All 4 of the methods were influenced by autocorrelation. Further research that develops effect size calculation methods that are not influenced by autocorrelation will help to improve the quality of single-case studies.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8298530
Reddening map and recent star formation in the Magellanic Clouds based on OGLE IV Cepheids
Authors: Joshi Y. C. , Panchal A.
Published: July 2019

Context. The reddening maps of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are constructed using the Cepheid period–luminosity (P–L) relations.

Aims. We examine reddening distribution across the LMC and SMC through large data sets on classical Cepheids provided by the OGLE Phase IV survey. We also investigate the age and spatio-temporal distributions of Cepheids to understand the recent star formation history in the LMC and SMC.

Methods. The V and I band photometric data of 2476 fundamental mode (FU) and 1775 first overtone mode (FO) Cepheids in the LMC, and 2753 FU and 1793 FO Cepheids in the SMC were analysed for their P–L relations. We converted the period of FO Cepheids to the corresponding period of FU Cepheids before combining the two modes of Cepheids. Both galaxies were divided into small segments and combined FU and FO P–L diagrams were drawn in two bands for each segment. The reddening analysis was performed on 133 segments covering a total area of about 154.6 deg2 in the LMC and 136 segments covering a total area of about 31.3 deg2 in the SMC. By comparison with well-calibrated P–L relations of these two galaxies, we determined reddening E(V − I) in each segment and equivalent reddening E(B − V) assuming the normal extinction law. The period–age relations were used to derive the age of the Cepheids.

Results. Reddening maps were constructed using reddening values in different segments across the LMC and SMC. We find clumpy structures in the reddening distributions of the LMC and SMC. From the reddening map of the LMC, highest reddening of E(V − I) = 0.466 mag is traced in the region centred at α ∼ 85.°13, δ ∼ −69.°34 which is in close vicinity of the star forming HII region 30 Doradus. In the SMC, maximum reddening of E(V − I) = 0.189 mag is detected in the region centred at α ∼ 12.°10, δ ∼ −73.°07. The mean reddening values in the LMC and SMC are estimated as E(V − I)LMC = 0.113 ± 0.060 mag, E(B − V)LMC = 0.091 ± 0.050 mag, E(V − I)SMC = 0.049 ± 0.070 mag, and E(B − V)SMC = 0.038 ± 0.053 mag.

Conclusions. The LMC reddening map displays heterogeneous distribution having small reddening in the central region and higher reddening towards the eastern side of the LMC bar. The SMC has relatively small reddening in its peripheral regions but larger reddening towards the south-west region. In these galaxies, we see evidence of a common enhanced Cepheid population at around 200 Myr ago which appears to have occurred due to a close encounter between the two clouds.
Finite element modeling and random vibration analysis of BGA electronic package soldered using lead free solder alloy − Sn-1Cu-1Ni-1Ag
Authors: Jayesh S. , Elias J.
Published: July 2019

As a result of the ban of lead from solder joints, many lead-free solder joints were developed. Most of the electronic equipment is subjected to random vibration. This study develops an analysis methodology based on finite element analysis and vibration tests to predict the failure and fatigue life of the electronic package soldered using Sn-1Cu-1Ni-1Ag under random vibration. A specially designed printed circuit board having ball grid array packages soldered is used in the study. Finite element model is developed in ANSYS and modal analysis was done. The finite element results were validated with experiments (impact test). Random vibration analysis was also done. These results were validated with random vibration experiments. Using the finite element results, it was predicted that the corner solder joints will fail first. It was observed in the random vibration experiment that corner solder joint failed first and the maximum stress generated was 12.8 MPa. Thus, Sn-1Cu-1Ni-1Ag is a promising lead-free solder joint alloy under random vibration combining with its mechanical properties.
Levetiracetam in der Behandlung des Status epilepticus – ein update
Authors: Rösche Johannes , Dudek Maria , Teleki Anna , Godau Jana , Bösel Julian
Published: July 2019

Seit 2004 liegen Publikationen zum Einsatz von Levetiracetam beim Status epilepticus vor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden basierend auf einer PubMed-Literatur-Recherche vom 06.07.2018 die nach dem 12.12.2011 erschienenen Arbeiten zusammenfassend dargestellt und in der Diskussion mit den älteren Arbeiten verglichen. Es wurden 28 Behandlungsepisoden in Berichten über 1-2 Fälle und 412 Behandlungsepisoden in Fallserien und prospektiven Studien beschrieben. Dabei ließ sich aus den Fallserien und Studien ein hochwahrscheinlicher Mittelwert der Erfolgsrate für die Status-Durchbrechung von 55,0 %-59,4 % ableiten. Auf-grund des zu vermutenden verzögerten Wirkungseitritts des Levetiracetams ist sein Einsatz beim Status generalisierter tonisch-klonischer Anfälle dennoch zu hinterfragen. Als Loading-Dosis erscheinen 30 mg / kg KG angemessen
An Ultrasound Scoring Model for the Prediction of Intrapartum Morbidly Adherent Placenta and Maternal Morbidity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: El-Haieg Dahlia O. , Madkour Nadia M. , Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Ahmad Reda A. , Sadek Somayya M. , Ibrahim Safaa A. , Sibai Hoda , Mahdy Entesar R. , Abd Elhady Rasha R. , Mohamed Elshaimaa Mohamed , Khamis Mai E. M. , Azmy Taghreed M.
Published: July 2019

Objective To design an ultrasound scoring model for the prediction of the intrapartum morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) and maternal morbidity.

Patients and Methods 114 females with singleton pregnancies ≥ 28 weeks of gestation referred for suspicion of MAP were included. All patients underwent examination by two-dimensional ultrasound with the color Doppler setting. Five signs were evaluated: the retroplacental echolucent space, placental lacunae, the hyperechoic uterine-bladder interface, retroplacental myometrium thickness, and subplacental, uterine serosa-bladder wall, intraplacental and bladder wall vascularity. We designed a score ranging from 0–8.5 points, including the five signs according to their odds ratios and evaluated its prediction for MAP and maternal morbidity.

Results Using multivariate logistic regression, all ultrasound signs were significant dependent predictors for both MAP and maternal morbidity (myometrium thickness < 1 mm followed by lacunae ≥ 4 and lost retroplacental echolucent space). The only independent predictors for MAP were myometrium thickness < 1 mm and lacunae ≥ 4, while myometrium thickness < 1 mm and lost retroplacental echolucent space were predictive for maternal morbidity. The score showed a perfect agreement with MAP and a good one for maternal morbidity.

Conclusion Application of the score we designed can improve the ultrasound diagnosis of MAP and the maternal outcome.
Association Between Glycaemic Control and the Intake of Thiazide Diuretics, Beta Blockers and Levothyroxine in People Without Diabetes
Authors: Roth Johannes , Müller Nicole , Kuniss Nadine , Wolf Gunter , Müller Ulrich Alfons
Published: July 2019

Objective The pharmacological additional information for many medications includes warnings stating that the blood sugar control may be worsened by the intake of certain drugs. However a quantification of the effects is missing. This may result in confusion for patients as well as for their physicians. The aim of this study was to assess a potential association between medication (beta blockers, thiazides, levothyroxine) and HbA1c in people without diabetes.

Methods In this cross-sectional study we analysed data from 2 921 people (7 699 visits) without diabetes (age 46.6 y; 69.1% women; BMI 27.6±6.4 kg/m²; HbA1c 5.2%) who had at least one HbA1c determination and a complete documentation of their drug intake. An oral glucose tolerance test was not performed. The participants were divided in 8 groups (no regular drug intake, levothyroxine alone, beta blockers alone, thiazides alone, combination 2 of 3, combination of all 3). Patients with known distorting influences of the HbA1c were excluded.

Results People with no regular drug intake had an HbA1c of 5.4% [35.8 mmol/mol]. The HbA1c of the group that took all 3 drugs in combination was 5.6% [38.2 mmol/mol]. A multiple linear mixed model showed an increase in HbA1c for thiazides (β=0.0558, p=0.025) and a decrease for combination of levothyroxine and thiazide (β=−0.0765, p=0.010).

Conclusion Thiazides and the combination of levothyroxine and thiazides were associated with slight changes in HbA1c. In this study there was no association between the intake of beta blockers and HbA1c. At least for people without diabetes these effects seem to be of minor importance.
An Infant with Apert Syndrome and Tetralogy of Fallot for Craniosynostosis Correction: Anesthetic Challenges
Authors: Lionel Karen R. , Sundararajan Satish K. , Moorthy Ranjith K. , Mariappan Ramamani
Published: July 2019

Apert syndrome (AS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial anomalies, and symmetrical syndactyly of hands and feet. Ten percent children with AS can have associated congenital cardiac anomalies. Association of complex cyanotic heart disease with craniosynostosis is very rare. So far, only one case has been reported in the literature. The craniosynostosis corrective surgery is associated with the risk of massive bleeding or venous air embolism, which can cause paradoxical air embolism and precipitate cyanotic spell, which makes the anesthesia more challenging. In this report, we present the anesthetic challenges of an 8-month-old infant with AS and tetralogy of Fallot for craniosynostosis correction.
FGFR1 Mosaic Pathogenic Variant in Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis with Leptomeningeal Angiomatosis
Authors: Gómez-García de la Banda Marta , Fernández-Álvarez Paula , Sánchez-Montañez García-Carpintero Ángel , García-Patos Vicenç , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Boronat Susana
Published: July 2019

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder. It is characterized by ocular anomalies (epibulbar choristomas), skin lesions (as nevus psiloliparus and subcutaneous lipomas), and central nervous system abnormalities (mostly arachnoid cysts, brain anomalies, vascular defects, and intracranial and spinal lipomas). Mutations in KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene-1 (FGFR1) are related to ECCL, explaining additional manifestations such as jaw tumors or gliomas. We report a pediatric patient with clinical, radiological, and histological findings consistent with ECCL and a mosaic pathogenic variant in FGFR1 found in the DNA from a non-cultured biopsy of the nevus psiloliparus and absent in blood and DNA from buccal mucosa.
Methamphetamin-bezogene Störungen: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Milin Sascha , Schäfer Ingo
Published: July 2019

In den letzten Jahren nahmen in Deutschland psychische und Verhaltensstörungen durch Methamphetamin – Crystal Meth – stark zu. Hiervon betroffen sind vor allem Bundesländer nahe der Grenze zur Tschechischen Republik. Auch überregional steigt die Bedeutung der Droge, vor allem in speziellen sexzentrierten Szenen. Der Artikel vermittelt Kenntnisse zu Methamphetamin, den damit verbundenen Störungen und liefert aktuelle, auf den Leitlinien basierende Empfehlungen für die Diagnostik und die Behandlung.
Optimal design of the dual-axis tracking system used for a PV string platform
Authors: Alexandru Cătălin
Published: July 2019

This work deals with the optimal design of the dual-axis solar tracker used for a PV (photovoltaic) string platform. The solution of the dual-axis mechanism was developed starting from the monoaxis version (for the diurnal movement), which was outlined in a previous paper. With reference to the initial monoaxis mechanism, the diurnal movement subsystem was simplified from a structural point of view; while adding the actuating and motion transmitting mechanisms for adjusting the elevation angle of the panels, the same type of linear actuator is being used for both the movements. The optimization study was carried out in a virtual prototyping environment, through the development of complex digital models (which integrate not only mechanical, actuating, and control components, but also algorithms for the solar radiation modeling), and two major optimization directions are being targeted: The geometric optimization of the mechanism, with the purpose of determining the optimal arrangement of two linear actuators while respecting several design constraints; the optimal design of the tracking program, with the purpose of maximizing the energy gain of the dual-axis system with reference to the equivalent fixed system (without tracking). The physical prototype of the tracking system was developed on the basis of the virtual prototype specifications, the experimental and simulation results, which are quite well correlated (especially in sunny days), proving the performance of the proposed design.
Thermoelectrically cooled THz quantum cascade laser operating up to 210 K
Authors: Bosco L. , Franckié M. , Scalari G. , Beck M. , Wacker A. , Faist J.
Published: July 2019

We present a terahertz quantum cascade laser operating on a thermoelectric cooler up to a record-high temperature of 210.5 K. The active region design is based on only two quantum wells and achieves high temperature operation thanks to a systematic optimization by means of a nonequilibrium Green's function model. Laser spectra were measured with a room temperature detector, making the whole setup cryogenic free. At low temperatures (∼40 K), a maximum output power of 200 mW was measured.
Bright Electroluminescence from monolayers in ambient conditions
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: July 2019

A pulsed injection scheme is used to avoid decay of light and current over time in monolayer WSe 2  LEDs, producing an extremely stable and bright light source.
Dark-matter detector observes a rare nuclear decay
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: July 2019

The result shows that the exquisitely sensitive apparatus’s potential extends beyond the purpose for which it was built.
Quo vadis, NASA: The Moon, Mars, or both?
Authors: Kramer David
Published: July 2019

Fifty years after Apollo 11, the US spaceflight program is juggling political and technological factors as it moves toward the red planet, its ultimate destination.
Domestic quarrels cloud future of South Korea’s Institute for Basic Science
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: July 2019

The country’s network of curiosity-driven research centers is a scientific and cultural experiment.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Helicate and Mesocate Forms of a Double-Stranded Diruthenium(II) Complex of a Di(terpyridine) Ligand
Authors: Flint Kate L. , Collins J. Grant , Bradley Siobhan J. , Smith Trevor A. , Sumby Christopher J. , Keene F. Richard
Published: July 2019

A diruthenium(ii) complex involving the di(terpyridine) ligand 1,2-bis{5-(5″-methyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridinyl)}ethane was synthesised by heating an equimolar ratio of RuCl3 and the ligand under reflux conditions in ethylene glycol for 3 days, realising double-stranded helicate and mesocate forms which were chromatographically separated. The two species were obtained in relatively low yield (each ~7–9%) from the reaction mixture. X-Ray structural studies revealed differences in the cavity sizes of the two structures, with the helicate structure having a significantly smaller cavity. Furthermore, the helicate and mesocate forms pack with notably different arrangements of the structures with the helicate having large solvent and anion filled pores. 1D/2D NMR studies revealed rigidity in the mesocate structure relative to that of the helicate, such that the –CH2CH2– signal was split in the former and appeared as a singlet in the latter. In a manner analogous to the behaviour of the parent [Ru(tpy)2]2+ coordination moiety (tpy=2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), photophysical studies indicated that both the helicate and mesocate forms were non-emissive at ~610nm at room temperature, but at 77K in n-butyronitrile, both isomers showed emission at ~610nm (λex 472nm). However, the temporal emission characteristics were very different: time-resolved studies showed the emission of the helicate species decayed with a dominant emission lifetime of ~10 μs (similar to the emissive properties of free [Ru(tpy)2]2+ under the same conditions), whereas for the mesocate the emission lifetime was at least three orders of magnitude lower (~4 ns).
Stylistic humor across modalities
Authors: Piata Anna
Published: July 2019

This paper is concerned with ‘Classical Art Memes’, a category of internet memes that distinctively derives its visual input from classical and medieval art. I specifically show that humor in Classical Art Memes arises from incongruity among different stylistic varieties, namely a colloquial linguistic expression in the text and a classical-style artwork in the image. Given that stylistic incongruity cross-cuts modalities, I further argue that Classical Art Memes make a case for what I call ‘multimodal stylistic humor’. The analysis is based on a small corpus ofwhen-memes, whereby the image complements awhen-clause. The findings of the study suggest that humor in Classical Art Memes serves to convey affective meanings that emerge from the embodied affect in the image that is textually recontextualized in contemporary terms. Such meanings ultimately convey a critical commentary on knowable features of modern life.
Microstructure and refinement mechanism of TiB2/TiAl3 in remelted Al-5Ti-1B system
Authors: Qian Pingping , Tang Zhenghua , Yuan Mingwan , Xiang Yanling , Wang Li
Published: July 2019

In this work, we propose a new method (by remelting Al-5Ti-1B) to investigate the grain refinement mechansim. It is found that the morphology and size of TiAl3 phase had little effect on the grain refinement of pure Al. Therefore, further experimental studies were carried out to understand the potency of TiB2 particles. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation has confirmed the existence of an atomic layer on the surface of (0001) TiB2, which is possibly a two-dimensional (2D) (1-12) TiAl3. Crystallographic study indicates that it is a more suitable nucleation sites for α-Al than other particles. The TiB2 particle with TiAl3 2D acts as the best effective nucleation sites for α-Al.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 for UK Adult Male Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Gilderthorp Nicola , Wilson Claire , Tapp James
Published: July 2019

Recent reviews of clinical assessments used in the forensic mental health field have identified a need for psychometric evaluations to support their use. The current study tested the 6 factor structure of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory- 2 (STAXI-2) in a sample of 128 adult male forensic inpatients in the UK, as a reduction in the experience and expression of anger is a frequently targeted outcome for this group. Scale reliability indices and convergent validity were also investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis of the study sample responses suggested a poor fit with the six factors reported in the STAXI-2 validation study . Reliability indices (average variance estimation, composite reliability, alpha) of the STAXI-2 scales indicated “acceptable” internal consistency, specifically for State and Trait Anger and Anger Expression-In scales. Scale coherence was further supported by associations with theoretically related self-report and observer rated anger assessments. The findings offer support for the use of the STAXI-2 with people in forensic mental health services, but research into whether revisions to the assessment might improve its construct validity with this population is recommended. Based on this study samples reported levels of anger and normative comparisons, impression management considerations are advised when administering the STAXI-2.
Understanding Turkish Rhetoric in the Intertextuality of Two Seminal Texts: The Orkhon Inscriptions and Atatürk’s Nutuk
Authors: Guler Elif , Goksel Iklim
Published: July 2019

This study contributes to the conversations on a more globalized and inclusive rhetorical praxis by focusing on how rhetoric was produced and understood by Turks – a group whose history spans centuries since their ancient origins in central Asia. We examine the ways in which Turkic/Turkish rhetoric was practiced and conceptualized in two seminal texts from the pre-Islamic and republican periods of the Turkish rhetorical tradition: the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century) and Atatürk’s Nutuk (1927). The intertextuality of these texts allows us to explore their relationships across time and space as well as mediate rhetorical styles and performances in their discourse.
Transnational land acquisitions beyond the food and financial crises
Authors: Mechiche-Alami Altaaf , Piccardi Carlo , Nicholas Kimberly A , Seaquist Jonathan W
Published: July 2019

Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLA) in resource-rich countries came to global attention after the food and financial crises of 2008. Previous research has assessed the magnitude of these land investments in terms of land areas acquired. In this study, we analyze the trends in the evolution of LSLA by framing the latter as virtual land trade network with land transactions occurring between 2000 and 2015, in order to shed light on the development and evolution of this system. Based on an index we introduce to represent both the number of countries and size of deals, we discover three main phases of trade activity: a steady increase from 2000 until 2007 (Phase 1) followed by a peak coinciding with the food and financial crises between 2008 and 2010 (Phase 2) and concluded by a decline from 2011 to 2015 (Phase 3). We identify 73 countries that remained active in land trading during all three phases and form a core of land traders much larger than previously thought. Using network analysis methods, we group countries with similar trade patterns into categories of competitive, preferential, diversified, and occasional importers or exporters. Finally, in exploring the changes in investors and their interests in land throughout the phases, we attribute the evolution of LSLA to the different stages in the globalization and financialization of different industries. By showing that land investments seem fully integrated as investment strategies across industries we argue for the urgency of better regulation of LSLA so that they also benefit local populations without damaging the environment regardless of their primary purpose.
Selection for drought-resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.) using polyethylene glycol
Authors: Purbajanti E D , Kusmiyati F , Fuskhah E , Rosyida R , Adinurani P G , Vincēviča-Gaile Z
Published: July 2019

The study was expected to provide information poly ethylene glycol (PEG) concentration that can be used for plant breeding base rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. The research was conducted covering two experimentals stage, were (i). Tests of dry stress resistance of six cultivars of rice using PEG 6000, and (ii). Emerged test seeds of six rice cultivars that have been subjected to dry stress with PEG 6000. The treatments were designed based on a complete randomized design of two factors. The first factor used six cultivars of rice were cv.Mekongga, cv. Way Apo Buru, cv. Sidenuk, cv. Pepe, cv. Ciherang and cv. IR64. and the second factor was dry stress [(0, 5, 10 and 15) % of PEG] with replicates three times. The higher concentration of PEG lowered growth rate (GR), emergence rate (ER), germination energy (GE) and the relative germination rate on all cultivars of rice. Germinate the longer time, appropriate concentrations of PEG. Test of pre-emergence on soil giving the mixed response on all cultivars of rice and PEG level. Cv. Mekongga, cv. Sidenuk, cv. Pepe and cv. Ciherang have the ability to grow on soil test. Canopy and root length highest on cv. IR64. Cv. Sidenuk popularity score can be classified moderate tolerance, while cv. Pepe that was sensitive to drought stress.