bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic, industrial, (en)closed? Survey and excavation of a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age promontory enclosure at Gob Eirer, Lewis, Western Isles
Authors: Nesbitt Claire , Church Mike J , Gilmour Simon M D
Published: May 2023

This is the first of four papers that present the results of survey and excavations undertaken in the late 1990s as part of the Uig Landscape Project on Lewis in the Western Isles (Na h-Eileanan Siar). This paper introduces the project and presents the results of the survey and excavations on the promontory enclosure of Gob Eirer, one of the earliest of the Uig sites excavated. Gob Eirer is located on a stack just off the Uig shoreline in the Camas Uig, connected to the mainland by a pebble beach. The results of the excavations are discussed in terms of the structural form, stratigraphy, material culture and environmental evidence from the site. Gob Eirer is then considered within the wider context of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age archaeology of Atlantic Scotland and broader research themes surrounding promontory enclosures.
Excavations at four prehistoric rock carvings on the Ben Lawers Estate, 2007–2010
Authors: Bradley Richard , Watson Aaron , Anderson-Whymark Hugo , Stewart Rosemary , Brown Alex
Published: May 2023

How were Neolithic rock carvings related to the areas around them? Were they associated with structures or deposits of artefacts, and did that relationship differ between landscapes with earlier prehistoric monuments, and places where they were absent? This paper discusses the results of excavation around four decorated surfaces at All Coire Phadairlidh on the National Trust for Scotland's Ben Lawers Estate. They are compared with fieldwork around two conspicuous rocks on the same site, neither of which had been carved. No monuments were present in the vicinity, although there was a 'natural' standing stone. Excavation showed that all the decorated surfaces were associated with deposits of artefact, some of them on top of the rocks and others at their base. The more complex carvings were associated with the largest collections, and the control sample of undecorated rocks was not associated with any finds. The excavated material included two pieces of Arran pitchstone, a worked flint, a beach pebble, and a substantial quantity of broken and flaked quartz. One of the decorated outcrops was associated with an area of cobbles containing a number of artefacts. Fossil pollen sealed by this deposit suggested that the surrounding area was used as upland pasture; similar evidence was obtained from another rock carving at Tombr3eck, 5 km away. Some of the fragments of broken quartz were parts of broken hammerstones, but the distribution of these pieces showed little relationship to the hardness of the rocks where they were found, or the extent of the associated carvings. On the other hand it was closely related to the composition of the stone. Carvings on epidiorite were not associated with many artefacts, but that did not apply to those created on mica schist which glitters in the sun and even in moonlight. It may be that these surfaces of these stones had been prepared by pecking or hammering in order to enhance this effect. If so, the selection of particular rocks for special attention may have been as important as the designs that were created there.
From Colonsay to Whithorn: the work of a 19th-century antiquary, William Galloway
Authors: Ritchie Anna
Published: May 2023

William B M Galloway (1832-97) is one of the less well-known Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in the second half of the 19th century whose achievements deserve recognition. He was an architect with a distinct archaeological bent, and he was particularly interested in early ecclesiastical buildings and sculpture. He appears to have worked freelance after an initial training in Patrick Wilson's architectural practice, and he is best known for his work at Whithorn Priory. He collaborated with Sir Henry Dryden over the latter's surveys of St Magnus Cathedral and Iona Abbey, and more than a hundred letters are preserved in the Orkney Archive. These illuminate many of his diverse archaeological activities, including Viking-age burials in Colonsay, as well as his approach to architectural conservation and his interest in photography. He was very active in the Society in the 1870s but appears to have fallen out with Joseph Anderson, the Keeper of the Museum, in the early 1880s.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: May 2023

Front matter for Volume 142

Table of Contents

List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings

Editorial board for the Proceedings Vol 142

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council from 1 December 2011

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Erratum
Inheritance, war and antiquarianism
Authors: Bonner Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

This article concerns the establishment in France of the Lennox-Stuarts/Stewarts of Darnley at the height of the Hundred Years War in the 1420s. In time, they were to become possibly the single most important family involved in the politics and diplomacy of the monarchies and government in the kingdoms of Scotland, France and England during the entire 15th and 16th centuries. This research also concerns a re-evaluation of the works of those 18th- and 19th-century antiquarians who have been the principal authors of this family's Histories, by verifying their interpretations of sources, in particular their manuscript sources in the archives and libraries of all three ancient kingdoms. This is in line with recent reviews of the works of antiquarians of all eras; but the works of the 18th-century antiquarians have been of particular interest. Thus, the history of this family has relied, up until now, entirely on the works of antiquarians which, due to general pejorative views of their publications, have suffered a seeming distrust by modern professional historians. Finally, recent research into the private Stuart archives at the Chateau de La Verrerie demonstrates the rationale and legal mechanisms by which Charles VII intervened in 1437 regarding the inheritance of Sir Alan Stewart of Darnley's seigneuries d'Aubigny et Concressault by his brother John. This document is important, as it set a precedence for later legal inheritance and transfer of the titles of the seigneuries in the family, and ultimately to transferring the lands and title to the Scottish Lennox-Stuarts/Stewarts and their descendents in the 16th century.
Mingary in Ardnamurchan: a review of who could have built the castle
Authors: Petre James Scott
Published: May 2023

This short paper was prompted by the current interest in Mingary Castle, brought about by the major works recently undertaken there. It notes that its building has been attributed to various kin-groups by different scholars, the most recent and fullest analysis making a firm case for the MacDougalls. The paper reviews what evidence there is and concludes that there can be no absolute certainty on the matter.
The artistic patronage of John Stuart, Duke of Albany 1518-19
Authors: Coombs Bryony
Published: May 2023

This paper examines two genealogical manuscripts, dating to 1518–19, connected to John Stuart, Duke of Albany: one currently in Paris, the other in the Hague. Examining these two works together demonstrates that some of the recent scholarship on the Hague Manuscript is inaccurate. A comparison shows that this manuscript is not the work, as frequently stated, of the Franco-Flemish rhetorician, Jean Lemaire de Belges, but rather both manuscripts are the work of the same artist/author: Bremond Domat. Domat was employed by Albany for over a decade in Albany’s home town of Mirefleurs in the Auvergne. These two manuscripts reveal a great deal about Albany’s ambitions and priorities at a time when he was still Regent of Scotland, but also when his prominence was growing in France due to connections to the powerful Florentine Medici family.
Archaeological investigations at Kinbane Castle, County Antrim and its Scottish connections
Authors: Breen Colin , Raven John
Published: May 2023

Kinbane Castle is positioned at the base of steep cliffs on the north Antrim coast, with views northwards to Rathlin Island and Islay and eastwards to Kintyre. Recent investigations have demonstrated that this headland was fortified in the 1540s by certain MacDonalds who had arrived in Antrim from Islay. The site was built to act as a bridgehead into Ulster as this family, and its associated mercenaries, attempted to establish themselves as a major force amongst the Gaelic lordships of west Ulster. Its occupation was short-lived, since it was effectively abandoned in the 1550s following defacement by English forces and the reconfiguration of MacDonald settlement across north-east Antrim and the Southern Hebrides.
Annual Report for the year 1 June 2013 –31 May 2014
Authors: - -
Published: May 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Research grants, events, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the Society’s Financial Review. A list of newly elected Fellows was read, and a list of deceased Fellows from 2013-2014 is included. New members of Council were then elected and the Presidential Address was delivered by Alan Saville.
Tullich, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Geddes Jane , Murray Hilary K , Murray J Charles
Published: May 2023

Long known as an early church site, the importance of Tullich in Aberdeenshire may often have been underestimated. An evaluation and excavation were undertaken prior to the extension of the modern graveyard and have produced evidence of both inner and outer enclosures around the church that yielded good radiocarbon dates for development of the site in the 7th to 9th centuries and for continued activity in the medieval period. Two early grave markers were found during the excavation, bringing the present total of carved stones from the site to 16 cross-marked slabs and a Pictish symbol stone, a quantity which makes Tullich unique in Aberdeenshire and strongly indicates a religious community established by the late 7th century. The newly discovered crosses have prompted a reappraisal of the full corpus of early medieval carved stones from the site.
Craggie bloomery
Authors: Atkinson John A , Wombell John , Miller Jennifer , Rennie Christine , McSwan Gillian
Published: May 2023

This note details the discovery and partial excavation of a bloomery furnace near Craggie Cottage in Glen Oykel, Sutherland, in 2010. Evidence from the excavation casts light on bloomery iron working tradition and dates the use of the furnace to the late 15th–early 17th centuries.
Containment, closure and red deer
Authors: Richards Colin , Clarke Ann , Ingrem Claire , Mulville Jacqui , Mainland Ingrid
Published: May 2023

Erosion of sand dunes in the Bay of Skaill, close to the Neolithic site at Skara Brae, exposed a spread of faunal remains and stone tools representing a Late Neolithic butchery site separated by a wall from a deposit of articulated red deer bone. This is an unusual and significant bone assemblage comprising both fragmented and articulated remains of red deer together with some domesticates. Also a whale mandible was closely associated with the butchery area. An interpretation of the site incorporates a reappraisal of the role of red deer and cattle elsewhere in Late Neolithic Orkney.
An Electrode‐Grounded Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator (EG‐DEG) for Liquid Motion Monitoring
Authors: Yang Lei , Yu Jian , Guo Yanjie , Chen Sicheng , Tan Kunpeng , Li Sheng
Published: May 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a potential technology for harvesting water energy and serving as self‐powered sensors. Among the innovative designs of TENG, a droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) has achieved high instantaneous power density under droplets impinging. However, the exposed top electrode is usually hydrophilic and subjected to water corrosion. This study reports an electrode‐grounded droplet‐based electricity generator (EG‐DEG) with graphene sheets embedded carbon (GSEC) electrode. Compared with traditional electrodes, the designed device with GSEC electrode exhibits great hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance under droplets impinging and better output performance. The working mechanism of the device is discussed in depth and the performance of EG‐DEG is systematically studied. To demonstrate the robust capability of EG‐DEG as self‐powered sensors, a three‐electrodes mode of EG‐DEG is developed to monitor droplet velocities on different triboelectric surfaces. Furthermore, the EG‐DEG can be assembled in the pipe to acquire the flow rate of fluid according to the frequency of the output signals. An intelligent system is further developed to display the flow rate of the fluid. Therefore, the EG‐DEG device also shows its great application prospects in particles detection and fluid analysis in the future.
Unveiling the Anionic Redox Chemistry in Phosphate Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jian Xiayan , Shen Qiuyu , Zhao Xudong , Jin Junteng , Wang Yao , Li Shengwei , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang
Published: May 2023

Anionic redox chemistry has aroused increasing attention in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of the appealing additional capacity. However, up to now, anionic redox reaction has not been reported in the mainstream phosphate cathodes for SIBs. Herein, the ultrathin VOPO4 nanosheets are fabricated as promising cathodes for SIBs, where the oxygen redox reaction is first activated accompanied by reversible ClO4− (from the electrolyte) insertion/extraction. As a result, the VOPO4 cathode harvests a record‐high capacity (168 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) among its counterparts ever reported. Moreover, the ClO4− insertion efficiently expands the interlayer spacing of VOPO4 and accelerates the ion diffusion, enabling an unprecedentedly high rate performance (69 mAh g−1 at 30 C). Via systematic ex situ characterizations and theoretical computations, the anionic redox chemistry and charge storage mechanism upon cycling are thoroughly elucidated. This study opens up a new avenue toward high‐energy phosphate cathodes for SIBs by triggering anionic redox reactions.
Structure‐Engineered Low‐Cost Carbon Microbelt Hosts for Highly Robust Potassium Metal Anode
Authors: Xie Shuhong , Xie Wei , Zhang Qingfeng , Cheng Xueli , Ouyang Xiaoping , Lu Bingan
Published: May 2023

Potassium metal as anode is an ideal material for the assembly of high specific energy batteries. However, safety issues caused by unrestricted dendrite growth and “dead K” generation severely limit their application. Here, based on the concept of waste recycling, a structural engineering strategy (chemical exfoliation and enzyme‐assisted synergistic method) is proposed to prepare oxygen‐containing functionalized porous carbon microbelts (OPCMs) as freestanding K metal hosts. The porous structure, uniformly distribution of carbon nanospheres, and the presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups reduce the energy barrier of K nucleation and promote the deposition kinetics. Benefitting from these advantages of OPCMs, the OPCMs‐based K composite anodes (K‐OPCMs) are free of obvious dendrite growth during the plating process. Symmetric cells assembled with K‐OPCMs maintain a stable overpotential of 40 mV after cycling for more than 800 h at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the K‐OPCMs//organic cathode (PTCDA) full cell exhibits excellent rate capability (96% capacity retention, 100–2000 mA g−1, which is superior to most reported potassium metal batteries) and ultralong lifespan (97.8 mA h g−1, after 1500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1). This study illustrates the effectiveness of structure‐engineered and provides a guiding insight for achieving high‐performance rechargeable batteries.
Environment‐Responsive Therapeutic Platforms for the Treatment of Implant Infection
Authors: Hu Yanling , Li Shengke , Dong Heng , Weng Lixing , Yuwen Lihui , Xie Yannan , Yang Jun , Shao Jinjun , Song Xuejiao , Yang Dongliang , Wang Lianhui
Published: May 2023

The application of medical implants has greatly improved the survival rate and life quality of patients. Nevertheless, in recent years, there are increasing cases of implant dysfunction or failure because of bacterial infections. Despite significant improvements in biomedicine, there are still serious challenges in the treatment of implant‐related infections. With the formation of bacterial biofilms and the development of bacterial resistance, these limitations lead to a low efficacy of conventional antibiotics. To address these challenges, it is urgent to exploit innovative treatment strategies for implant‐related infections. Based on these ideas, environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with high selectivity, low drug resistance, and minor dose‐limiting toxicity have attracted widespread attention. By using exogenous/endogenous stimuli, the antibacterial activity of therapeutics can be activated on demand and exhibit remarkable therapeutic effects. Exogenous stimuli include photo, magnetism, microwave, and ultrasound. Endogenous stimuli mainly include the pathological characteristics of bacterial infections such as acidic pH, anomalous temperature, and abnormal enzymatic activities. In this review, the recent progress of environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with spatiotemporally controlled drug release/activation is systematically summarized. Afterward, the limitations and opportunities of these emerging platforms are highlighted. Finally, it is hoped that this review will offer novel ideas and techniques to combat implant‐related infections.
Synergetic Enhancement of Strength–Ductility and Thermoelectric Properties of Ag2Te by Domain Boundaries
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Feng Xiaobin , Lu Zhongtao , Duan Bo , Yang Houjiang , Wu Luoqi , Zhou Ling , Zhai Pengcheng , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Li Guodong , Zhang Qingjie
Published: May 2023

Simultaneously improving the mechanical and thermoelectric (TE) properties is significant for the engineering applications of inorganic TE materials. In this work, a novel nanodomain strategy is developed for Ag2Te compounds to yield 40% and 200% improved compressive strength (160 MPa) and fracture strain (16%) when compared to domain‐free samples (115 MPa and 5.5%, respectively). The domained samples also achieve a 45% improvement in average ZT value. The domain boundaries (DBs) provide extra sites for dislocation nucleation while pinning the dislocation movement, resulting in superior strength and ductility. In addition, phonon scattering induced by DBs suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity of Ag2Te and also reduces the weighted mobility. These findings provide new insights into grain and DB engineering for high‐performance inorganic semiconductors with robust mechanical properties.
Efficient Multi‐Luminescence Covering the Visible to Near‐Infrared Range in Antimony and Lanthanide Co‐Doped Indium‐Based Zero‐Dimensional Perovskites Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Huwei , Zhang Manli , Li Yao , Fu Xinyu , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: May 2023

Doping impurity ions, such as lanthanide (Ln3+) ions, can introduce unique emissions over the visible and near infrared (NIR) region and enrich the optoelectronic properties for lead‐free perovskites. Here, tetragonal Cs3InCl6:Sb nanocrystals (NCs) with bright self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission have been synthesized. Interestingly, tetragonal Cs3InCl6:1%Sb can transform into monoclinic Cs3InCl6:1%Sb and orthorhombic Cs2InCl5·H2O:1%Sb under different solvent triggers. Further, a series of Ln3+ ions are doped into Cs3InCl6:Sb NCs, along with the appearance of Ln3+ ions emissions over the visible and NIR region. Benefiting from the different photoluminescence (PL) origins of the STEs and Eu3+ emissions, Cs3InCl6:Sb,Eu NCs enable varied color delivery and exhibit great potential as anti‐counterfeiting materials. Meantime, Cs3InCl6:Sb,Nd NCs with strong NIR emissions demonstrate great potential for NIR light‐emitting diode (LED) applications. This work not only presents an effective strategy to tune the optoelectronic properties of lead‐free perovskites, but also provides insight into applications in the anticounterfeiting and LED fields.
Ligand Promoted and Cobalt Catalyzed Electrochemical C−H Annulation of Arylphosphinamide and Alkyne
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Zhang Wangqin , Xu Chao , Liu Tao , Zhang Zhensheng , Zheng Changdi , Song Dingguo , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: May 2023

A cobaltaelectro‐catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of arylphosphinamides with alkynes was proposed in the present study to selectively construct a range of cyclic phosphinamide derivatives. Picolinic acid acted as a ligand to promote this transformation. A total of 38 examples demonstrated broad substrate scope, sufficient functional tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, no additional oxidants and electrolytes were needed and it was possible to achieve gram scale synthesis, late‐stage diversification and the removal of the directing group. Cyclic voltammetry and kinetic isotope experiments provided a better understanding to the reaction mechanism.
Paper Electronics Utilizing Screen Printing and Vapor Phase Polymerization
Authors: Brooke Robert , Edberg Jesper , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Freitag Kathrin , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Nilsson Marie , Isacsson Patrik , Andersson Ersman Peter
Published: May 2023

The rise of paper electronics has been accelerated due to the public push for sustainability. Electronic waste can potentially be avoided if certain materials in electronic components can be substituted for greener alternatives such as paper. Within this report, it is demonstrated that conductive polymers poly(3,4‐ethylenedoxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, and polythiophene, can be synthesized by screen printing combined with vapor phase polymerization on paper substrates and further incorporated into functional electronic components. High patterning resolution (100 µm) is achieved for all conductive polymers, with PEDOT showing impressive sheet resistance values. PEDOT is incorporated as conductive circuitry and as the active material in all‐printed electrochromic displays. The conductive polymer circuits allow for functional light emitting diodes, while the electrochromic displays are comparable to commercial displays utilizing PEDOT on plastic substrates.
Diet of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) in green‐lipped mussel farms and adjacent soft‐sediment habitats
Authors: Underwood Lucy H. , van der Reis Aimee , Jeffs Andrew G.
Published: May 2023

Wild fish utilise aquaculture habitats for shelter and/or food resources. It is often assumed that fish respond to feed input, the abundance of the farmed species or the associated assemblage of biofouling which naturally colonises the structural habitats. However, few studies have directly analysed the composition of the diet of fish within aquaculture habitats, and of these most have focused on fed finfish aquaculture. Snapper are commonly present as adults within coastal mussel farms and tend to become a resident species of these farms. Therefore, they are a suitable case study species for exploring differences in diet between natural and aquaculture habitats. This study investigated the gut contents of snapper in soft‐sediment habitats within and outside of New Zealand green‐lipped mussel farms. Visual gut analysis and DNA metabarcoding methods were used to provide complementary analyses on the composition of gut contents between the mussel farm and natural (i.e., control) sites. Snapper within mussel farms were consistently found to have consumed different prey groups compared to the control snapper. Prey groups identified from mussel farm snapper gut contents could be directly linked to species commonly present in the farms, that is cultured green‐lipped mussels, blue mussels and barnacle biofouling. There was good alignment between the visual gut and genetic analyses for the key species identified. Overall, the results show that the highly abundant prey groups consumed by snapper in mussel farm habitats are likely to be beneficial to the snapper population, reducing foraging effort and potentially supplying more nutritious prey. These findings provide evidence towards the supporting services of mussel farm habitats through the provision of food resources.
Anatomical and anastomotic viability indexes for stratifying the risk of anastomotic leakage in esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Nishikawa Katsunori , Tanishima Yuichiro , Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Kurogochi Takanori , Yuda Masami , Matsumoto Akira , Yano Fumiaki , Ikegami Toru , Eto Ken
Published: May 2023

Background

Risk prediction of anastomotic leakage using anatomical and vascular factors has not been well established. This study aimed to assess the anatomical and vascular factors affecting the hemodynamics of the gastric conduit and develop a novel risk stratification system in patients undergoing esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube retrosternal reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2020. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL), including the anatomical index (AI) and anastomotic viability index (AVI), were evaluated using a logistic regression model.

Results

According to the logistic regression model, the independent risk factors for AL were preoperative body mass index ≥23.6 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 7.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44–26.00; P < 0.01), AI <1.4 (OR, 23.90; 95% CI, 5.02–114.00; P < 0.01), and AVI <0.62 (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 2.57–25.00; P < 0.01). The patients were stratified into four AL risk groups using AI and AVI as follows: low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [2/99, 2.0%]), intermediate low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI <0.62 [2/29, 6.9%]), intermediate high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [8/53, 15.1%]), and high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI <0.62 [11/21, 52.4%]).

Conclusion

The combination of AI and AVI strongly predicted AL. Additionally, the use of AI and AVI enabled the stratification of the risk of AL in patients who underwent esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction.
Among‐species variation in flower size determines florivory in the largest tropical wetland
Authors: Ortiz Gabriela L. , Columbano Yasmin , de Melo Maicon Velasco , Boaventura Maria Gabriela , Aoki Camila , Cornelissen Tatiana , Souza Camila S. , Teixido Alberto L.
Published: May 2023

Premise

Flower damage caused by florivores often has negative consequences for plant reproduction. However, the factors affecting plant–florivore interactions are still poorly understood, especially the role of abiotic factors and interspecific variation in florivory within ecosystems. Thus, the patterns of florivory levels and its consequences for plant communities need to be investigated further.

Methods

We assessed the influence of abiotic factors related to climatic seasonality, of phylogenetic relationships among plants, and of functional attributes associated with attractiveness to pollinators on florivory incidence and intensity in the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland. Between December 2020 and November 2021, the percentage of flowers attacked (incidence) and petal area removed (intensity) by florivores were examined in 51 species from 25 families, considering flowering season, the substrate where the plants occur, and flower attributes as potentially determining factors on florivory levels.

Results

Phylogeny and environmental factors did not have a significant influence on florivory. The only determinant of interspecific variation in florivory incidence and intensity was flower size, where larger flowers experienced higher florivory levels regardless of season and substrate, while flower arrangement and color were not significant factors.

Conclusions

Our study is one of the first to estimate the community‐wide effects of biotic and abiotic factors on both the incidence and the intensity of florivory. The magnitude of this plant–florivore interaction may reduce reproductive success and entail selective pressures on plant attractiveness to pollinators.
Jansen‐de Vries syndrome: Expansion of the PPM1D clinical and phenotypic spectrum in 34 families
Authors: Wojcik Monica H. , Srivastava Siddharth , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Balci Tugce B. , Callewaert Bert , Calvo Pier Luigi , Carli Diana , Caudle Michelle , Colaiacovo Samantha , Cross Laura , Demetriou Kalliope , Drazba Katy , Dutra‐Clarke Marina , Edwards Matthew , Genetti Casie A. , Grange Dorothy K. , Hickey Scott E. , Isidor Bertrand , Küry Sébastien , Lachman Herbert M. , Lavillaureix Alinoe , Lyons Michael J. , Marcelis Carlo , Marco Elysa J. , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. , Nowak Catherine , Pizzol Antonio , Planes Marc , Prijoles Eloise J. , Riberi Evelise , Rush Eric T. , Russell Bianca E. , Sachdev Rani , Schmalz Betsy , Shears Deborah , Stevenson David A. , Wilson Kate , Jansen Sandra , de Vries Bert B. A. , Curry Cynthia J.
Published: May 2023

Jansen‐de Vries syndrome (JdVS) is a neurodevelopmental condition attributed to pathogenic variants in Exons 5 and 6 of PPM1D. As the full phenotypic spectrum and natural history remain to be defined, we describe a large cohort of children and adults with JdVS. This is a retrospective cohort study of 37 individuals from 34 families with disease‐causing variants in PPM1D leading to JdVS. Clinical data were provided by treating physicians and/or families. Of the 37 individuals, 27 were male and 10 female, with median age 8.75 years (range 8 months to 62 years). Four families document autosomal dominant transmission, and 32/34 probands were diagnosed via exome sequencing. The facial gestalt, including a broad forehead and broad mouth with a thin and tented upper lip, was most recognizable between 18 and 48 months of age. Common manifestations included global developmental delay (35/36, 97%), hypotonia (25/34, 74%), short stature (14/33, 42%), constipation (22/31, 71%), and cyclic vomiting (6/35, 17%). Distinctive personality traits include a hypersocial affect (21/31, 68%) and moderate‐to‐severe anxiety (18/28, 64%). In conclusion, JdVS is a clinically recognizable neurodevelopmental syndrome with a characteristic personality and distinctive facial features. The association of pathogenic variants in PPM1D with cyclic vomiting bears not only medical attention but also further pathogenic and mechanistic evaluation.
CHST3‐related skeletal dysplasia in 14 patients: Identification of 8 novel variants and further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Otaify Ghada A. , Elhossini Rasha M. , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Sayed Inas M. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Aglan Mona S. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S.
Published: May 2023

Biallelic variants in CHST3 gene result in congenital dislocation of large joints, club feet, short stature, rhizomelia, kypho‐scoliosis, platyspondyly, epiphyseal dysplasia, flared metaphysis, in addition to minor cardiac lesions and hearing loss. Herein, we describe 14 new patients from 11 unrelated Egyptian families with CHST3‐related skeletal dysplasia. All patients had spondyloepiphyseal changes that were progressive with age in addition to bifid distal ends of humeri which can be considered a diagnostic key in patients with CHST3 variants. They also shared peculiar facies with broad forehead, broad nasal tip, long philtrum and short neck. Rare unusual associated findings included microdontia, teeth spacing, delayed eruption, prominent angulation of the lumbar‐sacral junction and atrial septal defect. Mutational analysis revealed 10 different homozygous CHST3 (NM_004273.5) variants including 7 missense, two frameshift and one nonsense variant. Of them, the c.384_391dup (p.Pro131Argfs*88) was recurrent in two families. Eight of these variants were not described before. Our study presents the largest series of patients with CHST3‐related skeletal dysplasia from the same ethnic group. Furthermore, it reinforces that lethal cardiac involvement is a critical clinical finding of the disorder. Therefore, we believe that our study expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum, and also highlights the importance of performing echocardiography in patients harboring CHST3 variants.
Outcomes of limited versus extensive surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramkumar Shreya P. , Marks Lisa , Lal Devyani , Marino Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Key points

There is no consensus on the extent of appropriate surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), particularly CRS without polyps (CRSsNP).

There is wide heterogeneity in the definition of “limited” and “extensive” endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Studies on the appropriate extent of surgery for CRS are needed.
40 Years of Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Zeheng , Yao Yu‐Xing , Sun Shuo , Jin Cheng‐Bin , Yao Nan , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2023

Rechargeable lithium batteries are one of the most appropriate energy storage systems in our electrified society, as virtually all portable electronic devices and electric vehicles today rely on the chemical energy stored in them. However, sub‐zero Celsius operation, especially below −20 °C, remains a huge challenge for lithium batteries and greatly limits their application in extreme environments. Slow Li+diffusion and charge transfer kinetics have been identified as two main origins of the poor performance of RLBs under low‐temperature conditions, both strongly associated with the liquid electrolyte that governs bulk and interfacial ion transport. In this review, we first analyze the low‐temperature kinetic behavior and failure mechanism of lithium batteries from an electrolyte standpoint. We next trace the history of low‐temperature electrolytes in the past 40 years (1983–2022), followed by a comprehensive summary of the research progress as well as introducing the state‐of‐the‐art characterization and computational methods for revealing their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide some perspectives on future research of low‐temperature electrolytes with particular emphasis on mechanism analysis and practical application.
Extending the π‐Conjugated System in Spiro‐Type Hole Transport Material Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Ding Bin , Han Mingyuan , Yang Zhenhai , Chen Jianlin , Shi Pengju , Xue Xiangying , Ghadari Rahim , Zhang Xianfu , Wang Rui , Brooks Keith , Tao Li , Kinge Sachin , Dai Songyuan , Sheng Jiang , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ding Yong
Published: May 2023

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The small molecular 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl)‐amine‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD, termed “Spiro”) is the most successful HTM used in PSCs, but its versatility is imperfect. To improve its performance, we developed a novel spiro‐type HTM (termed “DP”) by substituting four anisole units on Spiro with 4‐methoxybiphenyl moieties. By extending the π‐conjugation of Spiro in this way, the HOMO level of the HTM matches well with the perovskite valence band, enhancing hole mobility and increasing the glass transition temperature. DP‐based PSC achieves high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.24 % for small‐area (0.06 cm2) devices and 21.86 % for modules (designated area of 27.56 cm2), along with the certified efficiency of 21.78 % on a designated area of 27.86 cm2. The encapsulated DP‐based devices maintain 95.1 % of the initial performance under ISOS‐L‐1 conditions after 2560 hours and 87 % at the ISOS‐L‐3 conditions over 600 hours.
Sequential Multistep Excited‐State Structural Transformations in N,N′‐Diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine Fluorophores
Authors: Jin Xin , Guo Shiyan , Wang Xueli , Cong Muyu , Chen Jinquan , Zhang Zhiyun , Su Jianhua , Qu Da‐Hui , Tian He
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate that a single polycyclic π‐scaffold can undergo sequential multistep excited‐state structural evolution along the bent, planar, and twisted conformers, which coexist to produce intrinsic multiple fluorescence emissions in room‐temperature solution. By installing a methyl or trifluoromethyl group on the ortho‐site of N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC), the enhanced steric effects change the fluorescence emission of DPAC from a dominant red band to well‐resolved triple bands. The ultra‐broadband triple emissions of ortho‐substituted DPACs range from ≈350 to ≈850 nm, which is unprecedented for small fluorophores with molecular weight of <500. Ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical calculations clearly reveal that the above dramatic changes originate from the influence of steric hindrance on the shape of excited state potential energy surface (S1 PES). Compared to the steep S1 PES of parental DPAC, the introduction of ortho‐substituent is shown to make the path of structural evolution in S1 wider and flatter, so the ortho‐substituted derivatives exhibit slower structural transformations from bent to planar and then to twisted forms, yielding intrinsic triple emission. The results provide the proof of concept that the bent, planar, and twisted emissive states can coexist in the same S1 PES, which greatly expand the fundamental understanding of the excited‐state structural relaxation.
Photo‐ and Electrochemical Cobalt Catalysed Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes
Authors: Jana Samikshan , Mayerhofer Victor J. , Teskey Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

Catalytic hydrogen atom transfer from metal‐hydrides to alkenes allows feedstock olefins to be used as alkyl radical precursors. The chemoselectivity of this process makes it an attractive synthetic tool and as such it has been regularly used in synthesis of complex molecules. However, onwards reactivity is limited by compatibility with the conditions which form the key metal‐hydride species. Now, through the merger with photocatalysis or electrochemistry, milder methods are emerging which can unlock entirely new reactivity and offer perspectives on expanding these methods in unprecedented directions. This review outlines the most recent developments in electro‐ and photochemical cobalt catalysed methods and offers suggestions on the future outlook.
Biocompatible poly(glycerol sebacate) base segmented co‐polymer with interesting chemical structure and tunable mechanical properties: In vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Arabsorkhi‐Mishabi Amirhesam , Zandi Mojgan , Askari Fahimeh , Pezeshki‐Modaress Mohamad
Published: May 2023

In this study, different polycaprolactone (PCL) soft blocks were incorporated into poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) structure to prepare a series of PGS‐based elastomers with a wide range of chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and modulated degradation behavior. The PGS and PGS‐co‐PCL elastomers were prepared under a thermal curing process in the absence of any catalysts. Here, in addition to the effect of different lengths of PCL block, the effect of thermal curing time on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the elastomers was investigated. The synthesized PGS‐co‐PCL elastomers exhibited tunable mechanical properties in the range of soft tissues. Moreover, the in vitro degradation study revealed linear degradation kinetics with approximately twofold decrease in the elastomers degradation rate. In vitro study showed that proliferation of human olfactory ecto‐mesenchymal stem cells (OE‐MSCs) was supported on PGS‐co‐PCL elastomer. In addition, in vivo evaluation of PGS‐co‐PCL elastomer confirmed mild tissue response with high angiogenesis, indicating a good candidate in various biomedical applications and soft tissue engineering.
Effect of monomer moieties on the aggregate structure and gas transport properties of polyimides: Insights from experiments and simulations
Authors: Tan Jinghua , Chen Yufen , Huang Jie , Fei Linfeng , Jiang Linbing , Wu Di , Sun Wei , Zhang Hailiang , Liu Yiwu
Published: May 2023

TFDB‐based PIs (BTDA‐TFDB, PMDA‐TFDB and 6FDA‐TFDB) were prepared by the polymerization of 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidine (TFDB) with three different dianhydrides, which contained flexible carbonyl bridged unit, rigid‐rod moiety without bridged unit, and bulky CF3 bridged unit in dianhydride moieties, respectively. The influence of dianhydride moieties on the aggregate structure and gas permeation performances of polyimide was systematically investigated in relation to their chain packing and free volumes, using the methods of molecular simulation, positron annihilation measurement and X‐ray diffractogram. Changing the dianhydride from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) to pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), the gas permeation coefficients of polyimide increased, and the gas permeation selectivity (O2/N2, CO2/N2, H2/N2 and CO2/CH4) decreased. With the introduction of flexible carbonyl bridged unit into dianhydride moiety, the high rotational mobility favored tight chains packing and decreased free volumes, which in turn led to the lowest permeation coefficients of BTDA‐TFDB. The bulky CF3 bridged unit in dianhydride moiety greatly restricted chain packing and increased free volumes, thus resulting in the highest permeation coefficients of 6FDA‐TFDB. From BTDA‐TFDB to PMDA‐TFDB and 6FDA‐TFDB, the permeation selectivity decreased. This was mostly ascribed to the reduction of diffusive selectivity, which was resulted from the increase in free volumes.
A long but fruitful journey: From clinical psychoanalysis to public mental health in Chile
Authors: Jiménez Juan Pablo , de la Parra Guillermo
Published: May 2023

The authors, both professors of psychiatry, trained as psychoanalysts according to the standards of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), recount 30 years of conceptual and empirical research work for the construction of a model of brief and adaptive psychodynamic psychotherapy applicable at the Primary Health Care level. The many milestones of this journey are reviewed, starting with the difficulties and obstacles encountered when pursuing this task within IPA institutions. Once the authors decided to conduct the task outside the analytic institution, they created two training programs for psychodynamic therapists and a research group in psychotherapy, all of which have attained excellence. This effort gave birth to several institutions that are still in operation, such as the Chilean and Latin American chapters of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, the Chilean Congress of Psychotherapy, the PhD Program in Psychotherapy, and finally the Millennium Institute for Research and Personality (MIDAP). In its 8 years of existence, MIDAP has become a national and Latin American reference center for research in Mental Health, aimed at implementing preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions in vulnerable populations at the primary health care and community level. The article ends with a description of the main components and the final process of the construction of the Protocol of Psychotherapeutic Competences for the Treatment of Depression in Primary Health Care level.
Therapeutic potential of phytochemicals for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Baharara Hamed , Kesharwani Prashant , Johnston Thomas P. , Sahebkar AmirHossein
Published: May 2023

The aim of this review was to review and discuss various phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial effects on mutated membrane channels, and hence, improve transmembrane conductance. These therapeutic phytochemicals may have the potential to decrease mortality and morbidity of CF patients. Four databases were searched using keywords. Relevant studies were identified, and related articles were separated. Google Scholar, as well as gray literature (i.e., information that is not produced by commercial publishers), were also checked for related articles to locate/identify additional studies. The relevant databases were searched a second time to ensure that recent studies were included. In conclusion, while curcumin, genistein, and resveratrol have demonstrated effectiveness in this regard, it should be emphasized that coumarins, quercetin, and other herbal medicines also have beneficial effects on transporter function, transmembrane conductivity, and overall channel activity. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted on mutant CFTR to unequivocally define the mechanism by which phytochemicals alter transmembrane channel function/activity, since the results of the studies evaluated in this review have a high degree of heterogenicity and discrepancy. Finally, continued research be undertaken to clearly define the mechanism(s) of action and the therapeutic effects that therapeutic phytochemicals have on the symptoms observed in CF patients in an effort to reduce mortality and morbidity.
Multiperspective quantitative tumor–stroma ratio reveals histological areas associated with poor outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuai , Si Qian , Wu Yan , Sun Yawei , Zhang Weixian , Huang Xiaofeng , Zeng Tao , Chen Sheng , Yang Xihu , Ni Yanhong , Hu Qingang
Published: May 2023

Aims

Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological characteristics, and the individual histological characteristics of the tumors are poorly understood. Therefore, calculating the proportion of tumor cells in different regions that allow assessment of the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance.

Methods and Results

We established an open‐source software‐based analytic pipeline that defines the inner tumor and invasive tumor front (ITF) in pancytokeratin‐stained whole slide images (WSIs) and quantifies the tumor‐stroma ratio (TSR) within the two regions. We applied this method to 114 patients with OSCC and predicted patient prognosis by the TSR. The proportion of tumor area in the inner tumor was generally higher than that in the ITF (p < 0.0001). TSR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.026), and relapse‐free survival (RFS) (p = 0.037) in inner tumor, and TSR was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.00052), DFS (p = 0.035), and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) (p = 0.038) in the ITF. Tumor‐low status was associated with poorer prognosis. There was a significant correlation between the TSR and perineural invasion (PNI) in the inner tumor (p = 0.009).

Conclusions

The histopathological characteristics of different regions of OSCC may be used to develop the potential prognostic markers. The TSR of the inner tumor is more targeted in predicting prognosis and accurately assesses the risk of PNI+.