bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EQUIPAMENTOS URBANOS E RESILIÊNCIA NO BAIXO PINHEIROS
Authors: Monticelli Juliana
Published: June 2019

Resiliência urbana é um conceito que se refere à capacidade de regeneração de uma determinada região frente a eventos externos. Atualmente, nas cidades brasileiras, como ocorre na cidade de São Paulo, as Operações Urbanas Consorciadas são as formas de realizar intervenções urbanísticas. Estas operações são projetos complexos que abrangem grandes áreas da cidade, transformando significativamente a paisagem e a dinâmica de quem habita o local. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os recentes projetos de intervenção urbana na região de Pinheiros, com enfoque nos equipamentos comunitários que surgiram após a implantação da Operação Urbana Faria Lima. O recorte do artigo será na região hoje chamada Baixo Pinheiros, trecho que vem sendo enxergado atualmente como um polo de renovação, vitalidade e resiliência em São Paulo. Entender como se dá esta dinâmica entre mudança e regeneração de uma dada região é importante para pensarmos como a partir de intervenções urbanas mais amplas, dando enfoque aos espaços públicos, aliadas a inciativas locais e parcerias público/privado é possível tornar nossas cidades mais sustentáveis.
Gut Microbiota Plays a Central Role to Modulate the Plasma and Fecal Metabolomes in Response to Angiotensin II
Authors: Cheema Muhammad Umar , Pluznick Jennifer L.
Published: June 2019

Gut microbial metabolites have been implicated in contributing to blood pressure regulation; however, only a few microbial metabolites have been examined to date. In this study, we hypothesized that an unbiased screen for changes in gut microbial metabolites in a chronic Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion model would identify novel microbial metabolites associated with blood pressure regulation. To accomplish this, we used both conventional and germ-free mice, which had been implanted with minipumps to infuse either saline or Ang II. Our aim was to identify metabolites that were altered with Ang II treatment in conventional mice, but not in germ-free mice, indicating that they are dependent on the gut microbiota. Both plasma and feces samples were processed and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. In plasma, we identified 4 metabolites that were significantly upregulated and 8 metabolites that were significantly downregulated with Ang II treatment in conventional mice; none of these metabolites changed in germ-free mice. Similarly, in feces, we identified 25 metabolites that were significantly upregulated and 71 metabolites that were significantly downregulated with Ang II treatment in conventional mice; none of these metabolites changed in germ-free mice. Finally, fecal 16S sequencing revealed significant shifts in the microbiome of conventional mice with Ang II treatment, including sex-specific changes. These data demonstrate that the metabolites that are differentially regulated with Ang II are dependent on the gut microbiome.
Non-discrimination, Accommodation, and Intersectionality under the CRPD: New Trends and Challenges for the UN Human Rights System
Authors: Ringel Wiebke
Published: June 2019

On 3 May 2008, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) entered into force. The CRPD is the first human rights treaty adopted by the UN General Assembly in the 21st century. It is also the first binding international law instrument that specifically and comprehensively addresses disability from a human rights perspective. Building on existing UN human rights treaties, the CRPD aims to strengthen the effective enjoyment of all human rights by persons with disabilities. Specifically, the new convention seeks to remedy the neglect and marginalization of the rights of persons with disabilities not just at the national level but also at the international level, most notably within the UN treaty system. In this regard, the new convention endorses innovative and new approaches relating to, inter alia, the notions of disability, nondiscrimination, and intersectionality. This article analyses selected emerging key issues, including the principle of reasonable accommodation and the intersectionality of disability and gender. A specific focus will be on the emerging jurisprudence of the responsible treaty body, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. While some of the aspects discussed may appear to primarily arise under a disability-specific perspective, it is suggested that they could potentially provide an impetus to advance the UN human rights system in general, beyond the context of disability.
The European Union in the Mediterranean Sea: Navigating the Political-Legal Shallows
Authors: Ollick Stephan F.H.
Published: June 2019

The Mediterranean Sea has long been an important and perilous route for international migrants from the coast of North Africa to the European Union (EU). Manygrants and refugees travelling on overcrowded and unseaworthy dinghies do not survive the crossing. Rising numbers of fatalities put pressure on the EU to address the Mediterranean tragedy with renewed urgency. Frontex Operation Triton (2014–) and the naval mission eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA (2015–) were launched to survey and influence migratory flows. Although thousands of migrants and refugees have thus been delivered from distress at sea, casualty rates remain staggeringly high.

Some commentators and organizations have dismissed Frontex and eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA as vehicles of an isolationist political agenda. This overlooks the narrow legal, political and practical confines within which these initiatives operate. Frontex and eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA seek to attain a level of control necessary for the delayed implementation of more ambitious and forward-looking schemes. The unsophisticated, temporary nature of the regime complex currently governing the EU’s activities in the Mediterranean Sea manifests in ambiguous language, in frequent and disparate amendments, and in the brevity of the mandates thus dispensed.
Traditional Justice Methods and Their Possible Impact on Transitional Justice Models in South Sudan
Authors: Deng Justice Benjamin Baak
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the legal framework of the traditional justice methods in several African countries, with a focus on South Sudan; the objective of customary law, the role of traditional courts or the forum of elders, and the methods of settlement of disputes. These methods of settlement of disputes are by-products of the practices, customs and traditions of the people that were devised as ways of maintaining peace and tranquillity, and thereby uphold the rule of law.
The History of the Rule of Law
Authors: Holterhus Till Patrik
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the historical development of the rule of law’s basic principles. While indications of societies governed by law can be traced back to early civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia, what today is understood as the rule of law, is, however, a remarkable and continuous historical ascendency of a theoretical concept forged in the century-lasting struggle of subjecting governmental powers to law. Applying a broad perspective, the article first assesses the rule of law’s early antecedents in ancient Sumer, Babylonia, Rome, and Athens. It then examines the rule of law’s theoretic foundations in the Middle Ages and the concept’s advancements through the Enlightenment-fostered intellectual and religious revolutions. Finally, against this background, it takes a particular look at the rule of law’s consolidation, advancement, and proliferation in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Caves of the Hebrew Bible: A Speleology
Authors: Graybill Rhiannon , Sabo Peter J.
Published: June 2019

This paper engages the five cave narratives of the Hebrew Bible: Lot and his daughters (Genesis 19), the cave of Machpelah (Genesis 23), Joshua and the five Amorite Kings (Joshua 10), Saul and David’s cave encounter (1 Samuel 24), and Elijah’s theophany at Horeb (1 Kings 19). Biblical caves are significant and symbolic places. Frequently, the cave is associated with concealment, providing a hiding place for people and taboo practices and things. The cave is also a space of resistance, both within the text and as part of a larger critique of futurity. Biblical caves are likewise significant to the analysis of gender. While the caves of Genesis simultaneously imitate and displace the female body, other biblical caves are wholly masculine spaces, acting as both shelters and prisons for men. Attending to the caves thus yields insight to questions of gender, futurity, and the function of space in literary reading.
A Comparison of the “Penal Code” in the Damascus Document and in the Serekh ha-Yaḥad from a Literary Perspective
Authors: Beyerle Stefan , Ruwe Andreas
Published: June 2019

In contrast to the so-called Penal Code in 1QS, the Penal Code in the Damascus Document (D) is very fragmentary. Only a few sentences at its beginning are attested. Furthermore, the Penal Code of 4Q265 is more like the Penal Code in 1QS than the version D (CD and 4QD frags). Nevertheless, all three literary works were written in a complex interdependency. The goal of this article is to focus on a comparison between the passages in 1QS and D and present a detailed structural analyses of each version, leading to a synthesis with the aim of answering the question as to which version of the Penal Code predates the other. Questions of legal structures and legal logic are in the focus. With regard to discrepancies between the versions in 1QS and D, this study argues that most of the regulations in the S-version presuppose the older rules of the D-version.
The Admonitions in the Damascus Document as a Series of Thematic Pesharim
Authors: Goldman Liora
Published: June 2019

This study reveals a mosaic of artful rearrangement, rewriting, and creative interpretation of prophetic texts within the Admonitions of the Damascus Document. Many explicit quotations from scriptures and implicit allusions are interwoven and interpreted in the Admonitions through various methods, including pesher interpretation. The textual backdrop of the Admonitions helps us to determine the borders of the different discourses and to define the structure of the composition, which is divided into ten discourses built in a symmetrical chiastic structure. Each discourse comprises layers of quotations and allusions arranged around a central explicit pesher. Therefore, the explicit pesher in each discourse should not be viewed as an isolated pesher, as some have claimed, but rather as part of a larger thematic pesher. Each discourse/thematic pesher presents a different aspect of the work’s central theme: a polemic introduction to the rules of interpreting the Torah.
Cobet Revisited
Authors: van Bommel Bas
Published: June 2019

This article argues that Cobet’s philological and text-critical work deserves to be understood on its own terms, rather than being dismissed for its inconsistency with prevailing conceptions of classical scholarship. As shown by his Latin programmatic writings, Cobet was a typical nineteenth-century humanist, who aimed to integrate contemporary scholarly values into a traditional educational framework. Both Cobet’s method of textual criticism and his determination to remain aloof from what are nowadays considered progressive developments in nineteenth-century classical scholarship make sense on the basis of his humanistic conviction that classical scholarship’s ultimate aim is to serve humane educational ends. The fact that Cobet’s humanistic educational writings have fallen into oblivion is the result of a tendency among modern classicists to measure the past by standards drawn from the present, a tendency that can be called the ‘Whig history of classical scholarship’.
Papinius, Pomponius oder Pompilius (p. 120 FPL4 Bl.)?
Authors: Stachon Markus
Published: June 2019

The epigram on Casca and his amica senex (p. 120 FPL4 Bl.), whose author’s name is given by the manuscripts of Varro L. 7.28 as Papinius and by those of Priscian Inst. Gramm. 3.11 as Pomponius or Pompnius, is to be attributed to Pompilius, whom Varro also cites in two other places (L. 7.93; Men. frg. 356 A.). Pompilius is not to be considered a tragedian but a writer of early satura following in the footsteps of Ennius and Pacuvius and paving the way for Lucilius. The evidence for this thesis, which was already stated in the 19th century but has been disregarded in recent times, is collected and vindicated.
Ethnic Options, Covering and Passing
Authors: Törngren Sayaka Osanami
Published: June 2019

Over the past ten years, Japan has seen a significant increase in foreign residents, with levels of immigration expected to grow even more. This growing immigrant population is also reflected in the increase in intermarriages and children with mixed background. Although the number of multiracial and multiethnic Japanese who are socially recognised and identified as haafu (half) has increased, their identities and experiences are seldom critically analysed: How do they identify themselves, and how do they feel others identify them? Based on interviews with 18 individuals who grew up in Japan with one Japanese parent and one non-Japanese parent, this article explores ethnic options and the practices of covering and passing among multiracial and multiethnic individuals in Japan. The analysis shows that multiracial and multiethnic individuals have various ethnic options available to them and that they practice passing and covering in various ways.
Introduction: Between Universal and Culture-specific Interpretations of Human Dignity
Authors: Oleinik Anton
Published: June 2019

A plea for studying human dignity from a comparative perspective using approaches based on cultural and political sociology opens this special issue. The other distinctive features of the proposed approach include the assumption of the cultural embeddedness of human dignity, the empirical orientation of the research, and the sensitivity to various degrees of the universality and malleability of culturally specific interpretations of human dignity.
Elite, Wine Consumption and Status Symbols in Ancient Chorasmia
Authors: Minardi Michele
Published: June 2019

This paper analyses two objects of Hellenistic taste related to wine consumption unearthed during the archaeological excavations of Akchakhan-kala in Ancient Chorasmia: a fragmentary ivory rhyton and a terracotta mould in the shape of a satyr’s head used to decorate ceramics. These items are only the latest evidence regarding wine consumption and selective reception of Hellenistic culture in 1st century bc-2nd century ad Ancient Chorasmia. Although these two finds show a remarkable Hellenistic influence, it is assured that in Chorasmia wine consumption and vine cultivation were already widespread in the 5th century bc when the local elite used precious vessels of Achaemenid style for their tables and when the lesser strata of the population imitated these toreutics specimens and related practices. Once again the “isolated” Chorasmia shows its remarkable tendency to select foreign artistic/artisanal elements for its crafts and to adopt/import alien status symbols for concepts shared by the elites of the Hellenised east.
Objectifying the Occult: Studying an Islamic Talismanic Shirt as an Embodied Object
Authors: Muravchick Rose E.
Published: June 2019

Islamic talismanic shirts from pre-Mughal South Asia form a stylistically cohesive subset within the larger corpus of Islamic talismanic shirts from the patrimonial-bureaucratic period. These objects have eluded sustained study due, in large part, to their wide geographical purview and dissimilarity from other period textiles. While these objects bear some similarities with talismans of smaller shape and disparate media, their form as garments has yet to be considered as integral to their function. In analyzing one of these South Asian shirts, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, parallels between the arts of the book and the construction of armor highlight the apotropaic function of Koranic text when placed on the human body.
The Manda Family: A Dynasty of Isfahani Scholars
Authors: Pavlovitch Pavel
Published: June 2019

The Manda family was an important scholarly dynasty in Isfahan. From the beginning of the third century/ca 816 until the Mongol conquest of Isfahan in 632/1235-633/1236, its members were active in the fields of ḥadīṯ transmission and criticism, theology, and historiography. Despite its significance for the Ḥanbalī scholarly tradition, Āl Manda has remained marginal in the works of Western Islamicists during the last fifty years, whereas Muslim scholars have focused almost exclusively on the most prominent representative of the family, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq b. Manda (d. 395/1005), and, to a lesser extent, on his son, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 470/1078). In this essay, I catalogue all members of the Manda family who are mentioned in Arabic bio-bibliographical sources. I study in detail the theological views of Muḥammad b. Isḥāq b. Manda and his son ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad, as well as Muḥammad b. Isḥāq’s contribution to the development of ḥadīṯ criticism.
Research Biobanks and Health Databases: The WMA Declaration of Taipei, Added Value to European Legislation (Soft and Hard Law)
Authors: Chassang Gauthier , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle
Published: June 2019

Biobanks and health databases make an essential contribution to health-related research (‘5P medicine’: predictive/preventive/personalised/participatory/provable). Since 1947, the World Medical Association (WMA) has addressed important issues in medical practice and scientific research, adopting guidelines that are recognised as global ethical standards. In October 2016, the WMA’s 67th General Assembly, held in Taipei, Taiwan, adopted a new Declaration on the Ethical Considerations regarding Health Databases and Biobanks, revising the Declaration adopted by the 53rd WMA General Assembly in 2002. Considering the way health databases and biobanks are currently used in research, the new recommendations are designed to facilitate the responsible collection and storage of human samples and/or associated data, and the provision of these bioresources for scientific research aimed at benefitting patients and populations. We analyse the Declaration of Taipei’s scope and content, highlighting its innovative features compared with other recent European guidelines and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
A Duty to Recontact in the Context of Genetics: Futuristic or Realistic?
Authors: Ploem Corrette , Mitchell Colin , van Harten Wim , Gevers Sjef
Published: June 2019

Medical genetic testing, ‘next generation sequencing’, is increasingly generating data that could become useful for patients after they have been discharged from care. If new information is discovered that links a disease to a specific mutation, do health professionals have a legal duty to recontact their patients? Apart from other concerns (such as respecting the patient’s right not to know), in many cases, this would require re-evaluation or re-analysis of the data. Taking such issues into account, we conclude that, at least at this point in time, it is not arguable that there is an unconditional duty of this kind. Health professionals should always do what can be reasonably expected from them to do justice to the patient’s right to information. When there is reason to believe that recontacting would be of significant clinical relevance for the patient, they should do so, unless efforts and costs involved would be disproportional.
Marcosian Atrocities: Historical Revisionism and the Legal Constraints on Forgetting
Authors: Pangalangan Raphael Lorenzo A. , Fernandez Gemmo Bautista , Tugade Ruby Rosselle L.
Published: June 2019

The Philippines resoundingly cried ‘never again’ to the horrors of the Marcos dictatorship through the People Power revolution of 1986. Thirty years later, the Filipino people have come to realise that success is indeed fleeting. On 18 November 2016, the remains of Philippine dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos were buried in the Libingan ng mga Bayani—the Heroes’ Cemetery. While the Philippine Supreme Court insists that the hero’s burial conferred to the author of the nation’s darkest chapter is a political question, from established doctrines here and abroad, the authors seek to derive the political answer. This article will look at the legitimacy of memory laws within the Philippine Constitutional framework. Finding guidance from the Auschiwtz lie case of the German Constitutional Court, the article seeks to combat historical revisionism and prohibit the Marcosian lie. Our research begins by looking at the resurgence of authoritarianism as seen through the populist presidency of Rodrigo Roa Duterte. We will then proceed to address the threshold issue of state-sanctioned narratives. Recognising that the duty to establish the truth involves the power to determine the narrative, the authors will reconcile the conflicting demands of the freedom of thought and the right to the truth. We will then proceed by utilising the fact-opinion distinction to demonstrate how the Marcosian lie may be the valid subject of regulation. The last phase of the research looks into the approaches adopted by the United Nations (un) Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights in dealing with negationism and historical revisionism.
The Impact of Slight Fraud on the Contract: An Analytical Study of Article 189 of the UAE Civil Code
Authors: Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad
Published: June 2019

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) legislator has regulated gross fraud in the Civil Code, which derives its provisions from the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. A penalty was adapted so that when gross fraud has an impact on a contract, the defrauded contracting party can terminate the contract in question. The legislation also regulates slight fraud, but only in two very specific cases. This article aims at determining the accuracy of Article 189 that regulates slight fraud, and then identifies its shortcomings by analysing the cases in which slight fraud affects a contract. It concludes that this text is inaccurate, and suggests the UAE legislator amend Article 189. In addition, we suggest a new definition of terminal illness.
Ficino, Lucretius and Atomism
Authors: Nicoli Elena
Published: June 2019

In this article, I retrace the genesis of Marsilio Ficino’s engagement with the Roman poet and philosopher Titus Lucretius Caro. I show that one of the reasons for Ficino’s early interest in and positive assessment of Lucretius’ philosophy was his favourable attitude toward atomistic notions in the early stages of his intellectual life. Having become acquainted with atomistic ideas through Platonic sources, the young Ficino initially considered atomism – and especially Lucretius’ version of it – perfectly compatible with his own finalistic view of nature and a vitalistic conception of matter. Over time, however, Ficino reconsidered his position and recognized that finalism and vitalism were not compatible with Lucretius’ materialist view. Only then did he begin his fierce attacks on the Latin philosopher, most notably in his Theologia Platonica.
Touch Me Not: Sense and Sensibility in Early Modern Botany
Authors: Giglioni Guido
Published: June 2019

The history of early modern botany is studded with stories of discovery, identification, recognition, and accommodation. One of these stories refers to the plant known to early modern observers as ‘sensitive plant’ and mimosa pudica. Because of its tendency to fold its leaves when they are touched by an external agent, the plant was the subject of investigations that ranged from philosophical discussions on the nature of movement, perception and appetite to inquiries into the most general cycles of life. In this article, I show how the taxonomic, terminological, geographic and cultural profile of the mimosa emerged over the course of three centuries of discoveries, observations and discussions, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.
Moving from “Foreign Mission” to “World Mission” in South Korea and the United States
Authors: Yoo William
Published: June 2019

This article traces the evolving attitudes and relationships of Korean Protestants and American missionaries after 1945 through an investigation of the rise of one Korean Presbyterian pastor, Kyung-Chik Han, as a renowned religious leader at home and abroad during the escalation of the Cold War in the 1950s, and the uneasy transitions within the American Presbyterian missions in Korea. The analysis of Han’s sermons and addresses in Korea and the West, popular American Protestant magazines, and American missionary documents illumines the creation of new transnational Christian partnerships, the presence of ongoing cross-cultural tensions, and the emergence of new challenges between Korean Protestants and American missionaries as the positions of authority started to shift. This study concludes with broader observations connecting the history of the relationships between Han and American Protestants to some of the problems with contemporary interpretations of the changing dynamics and mission flows in world Christianity.

本文追溯1945年后南韩基督徒和美国宣教士不断改变的态度及关系。这是透过对一位长老会牧者坤赤翰的升起的研究调查，以及在韩国的美国长老会宣教会经历的不易的转折而达成的。坤赤翰是五十年代逐渐升级的冷战期间在国内外著名的宗教领袖，对他的讲章，及其在韩国和西方，美国的基督教杂志及宣教文件里的发言的分析，我们可以发现新的跨国基督徒合作的开始，持续的跨文化张力的存在，以及当权力开始转移时韩国基督徒及美国宣教士所面临的新的挑战。这个研究得出更广义的结论，即是翰与美国基督徒之间关系的这段历史，可以联系到世界基督教不断改变的宣教流所面临的当代诠释问题。

Este artículo describe la relación y las actitudes que van surgiendo entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses desde1945 en adelante. Investiga el surgimiento del pastor coreano presbiteriano, Kyung-Chik Han, como líder religioso de renombre tanto en su país como en el extranjero durante la escalada de la Guerra Fría en la década de 1950. Trata, además, sobre las incómodas transiciones dentro de las misiones de presbiterianos americanos en Corea. El análisis de sermones y discursos de Han en Corea y occidente, de revistas populares norteamericanas, y documentos misioneros estadounidenses explica la creación de nuevas asociaciones cristianas transnacionales, la presencia de tensiones interculturales en curso, y la aparición de nuevos retos entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses cuando los lugares de autoridad empiezan a cambiar. Este estudio concluye con observaciones más amplias que relacionan la historia entre Han y los protestantes norteamericanos a algunos de los problemas con interpretaciones contemporáneas sobre la dinámica cambiante y los flujos de la misión en el cristianismo mundial.

This article is in English.
Contemporary Thinking on Conversion and Persecution: A Survey of Recent Missiological Compendia
Authors: Sauer Christof
Published: June 2019

This essay surveys the state of research regarding the ample relations between conversion and persecution as reflected in two recent missiological collections of essays, namely Freedom of Belief and Christian Mission (2015), and Sorrow and Blood: Christian Mission in Contexts of Suffering, Persecution and Martyrdom (2012). The systematic categories emanate from examining conversion as a human right in the framework of freedom of religion or belief, with the guidance of the un Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. The essay covers missiological reflection on the right to convert; not to be forced to convert; and to try to convert others by means of non-coercive persuasion. It also discovers a lack of reflection on the rights of the child and of his or her parents in this regard. This is done against the background of the challenges to the enjoyment of these rights in various contexts and from multiple parties, often taking the form of harassment, discrimination or persecution. It becomes evident that a Christian theological and missiological perspective adds important further considerations to the human rights perspective on conversion and religious freedom or persecution.
The Persecution by Their Muslim Husbands of Female Converts in Cape Town: A Case for Mission-shaped Churches and a Missiology of Suffering
Authors: Ravelo-Hoërson Nicole
Published: June 2019

Significant changes have occurred in South Africa since the first and free democratic election held on April 27, 1994. Freedom of religion in that country is now thought to be a widely accepted value. However, in that democratic country, female converts have been experiencing persecution at the hands of their Muslim husbands, in contravention of the national laws. This study examines the issue of conversion of Muslim women in Cape Town and its concomitant themes: contextual mission and persecution. It argues that mission-shaped local churches are crucial to express authentic Christocentric witness that speaks to the realities of their religious as well as socio-cultural settings and responds to the needs of their contexts. It also argues that although in popular perception the biblical texts on persecution cannot readily apply to democratic contexts such as South Africa, God’s call to Christians to costly discipleship is also a call to a missiology of suffering.
Belonging in the Land: Land, Landscape, and Image in Southern African Missionary Encounters ca. 1840–1915
Authors: Brown Clare
Published: June 2019

To choose a missionary life is to become a stranger at home and abroad, whilst at the same time attempting to construct new networks of belonging. Missionaries have at times identified profoundly with the “foreign,” through economic and political solidarity, or linguistic and cultural immersion, but mission conversely necessitates the attempt to draw the foreign Other into the sphere of Christian fraternal belonging. This paper employs primary textual and visual sources to explore the complex theme of missionary identity and belonging through the lens of landscape. Landscape and its images influenced and were utilized by missionaries, functioning as tokens of belonging, interpretative tools, and sites of territorial possession for example through burial. For indigenous peoples, missionary images of place could also betoken otherness, and conflict with alternative expressions of rooted belonging, for instance in the use of earth as part of the physical substance of indigenous religious art.
Images of Eastern Religions and Roman Catholic Identity
Authors: Beltramini Enrico
Published: June 2019

While in the past two decades the Roman Catholic Church has reaffirmed an inclusivist stance with respect to other religions, there is reason to explore the question of whether Catholic teaching is as much about offering a definition of what is true in other religions as it is about defining Catholic identity. In this article, I investigate the representations of Eastern religions within ordinary expressions of Catholic teaching between 1990 and 2000, and I show how Catholic teaching seems to adopt a binary ontology in which the representation of the Other serves to define oneself.
Gospel on the Box: Can Television Drama be Missional?
Authors: Heber-Percy Colin
Published: June 2019

In 2011 I wrote the television drama The Preston Passion for the BBC. The aim was to retell the story of Christ’s Passion in a series of provoking and unexpected ways. Pilate becomes a town mayor during a mill workers’ strike in nineteenth century England; Mary becomes a mother awaiting news of her son during World War I; Jesus is a young carer in contemporary Preston, a city in the north of England. Drawing on the experience of writing the drama, I aim to show how drama and mission are related enterprises, having a complex and nuanced relationship with one another and with the prevailing culture. These putative relationships find expression in shared prophetic modalities: truth-telling, challenge, and love. The article explores how these modalities are expressed in television drama and mission. I conclude by suggesting that both drama and mission also share a goal: personal and cultural transformation through bearing witness to the truth understood in a particular way.
Collectors, Producers, and Circulators of Tibetan and Chinese Medicines in Sichuan Province
Authors: Springer Lena
Published: June 2019

The act of prescribing pharmaceutical drugs to patients is normally the site of judgements about the drug’s efficacy and safety. The success of treatments and the licences for commodities depend on the biochemical identity of the drugs and of their path and transformations inside the body. However, the ‘supply chain’ outside the body is eschewed by such discourse, and its importance for both pharmaceutical brands and physician-centred historiographies is ignored. As this ethnographic fieldwork on Tibetan and Chinese medicines in Sichuan shows, overlooked social actors ensure reliable knowledge about medicinal things and materials long before patients take their medicine. This paper takes a step back from the final products—clearly defined as ‘Tibetan’ or ‘Chinese’—and introduces those who produce and distribute them. Via observations of particular regimes of circulation and processing, the actions of collecting, manufacturing, transporting, and educating appear as the first and foremost acts of efficacy and safety.
Origin Narratives of the Tibetan Medical Tradition
Authors: McGrath William A.
Published: June 2019

The three excerpts translated below were selected from two of the earliest sources depicting the origins of medicine in Tibet. Despite their differences in terms of detail, style, and genre, each narrative emphasizes the Buddhist origins of either the Tibetan medical tradition itself, the tradition of canonical Buddhist medicine that was transmitted from India to Tibet, or even the entire field of healing knowledge. Read separately, each narrative promotes a distinct account of the origin and transmission of medical knowledge among mythical, legendary, and historical figures in India and Tibet. Read together, however, these three accounts depict attempts at the reconciliation of several competing narratives that were developing in the medical schools of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Tibet and that continue to affect the representation of the Tibetan medical tradition today.
Recent Developments in the Regulation of Investor-State Dispute Resolution: Any Lessons for the Southern African Development Community?
Authors: Ngobeni Lawrence , Fagbayibo Babatunde
Published: June 2019

In 2016, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) amended Annex 1 of the SADC Protocol on Finance and Investment (FIP) in order to remove investor access to international arbitration or Investor-State Dispute Resolution (ISDS). The recent formation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Agreement (T-FTA) are factors that will likely curtail SADC’s ability to regulate foreign investments. Both AfCFTA and T-FTA are supposed to have their own investment protocols. This means that SADC faces the loss of regulatory authority over foreign investments. The recent formation of the Pan African Investment Code (PAIC) has shown that some African Union (AU) Member States want to provide ISDS for their investors, while others including SADC Members States do not. This article intends to evaluate the lessons SADC can learn from other jurisdictions in terms of the effective regulation of ISDS.
Folk Etymology in the North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Dialects
Authors: Mutzafi Hezy
Published: June 2019

Although folk etymology is a common linguistic phenomenon, it has hitherto hardly been touched upon in lexicological and other works related to varieties of Neo-Aramaic. The present article concerns twelve cases of folk etymology selected from some of the dialects of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA), the largest and most variegated division of modern Aramaic. Among these are three folk-etymological interpretations that did not induce structural or other changes, as well as nine cases of folk-etymological processes that reshaped NENA lexical items.
Greek Loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic
Authors: Stadel Christian , Shemesh Mor
Published: June 2019

For the first time, we provide a comprehensive and annotated list of 74 certain, likely, and possible Greek loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic, paying due attention to the variegated distribution of the loans in the different textual genres and chronological stages of the dialect. Greek loanwords in Jewish and Christian Palestinian Aramaic as well as Rabbinic Hebrew are compared throughout. The study provides insights into the contact situation of Greek and Samaritan Aramaic in Late Antique Palestine. An appendix contains short discussions of 22 additional lexical items for which a Greek etymon has been proposed erroneously.
German Religious Emblems As Stimuli of Visual Culture in the Dutch Republic
Authors: Dietz Feike , Stronks Els
Published: June 2019

The existing studies into Dutch translations of German religious texts suggest that literary-religious culture in the Dutch Republic did not undergo significant transformation during the course of the seventeenth century as a result of German-Dutch exchange. There is even more reason to assume that German illustrated religious literature remained out of the focus of Dutch audiences: visual additions to religious texts, popular in German publications as a result of the Lutheran approach to word-image interaction, encountered resistance in the Dutch Republic where the development of illustrated religious literature was restricted and delayed compared to the Republic’s neighbouring countries. A closer look at two cases of German-Dutch literary exchange in the field of religious emblematics suggests that the restrictive Dutch visual practices were at times stimulated and innovated by the import of German models. The two cases discussed in this article give us reason to advance the very tentative hypothesis that the German-Dutch contact was at times critical to the growth of the use of religious imagery in Dutch religious literature. Finally, a case is made in favour of attending more to the international exchange of religious imagery in order to chart the impact of the Reformation in Northern Europe.
British Sympathy for the South during the American Civil War and Reconstruction
Authors: Turner Michael J.
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on some of the religious factors that shaped the pro-Southern lobby in Britain during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. British opinion cannot be explained only in terms of class and party. In exploring other determinants, the ideas and activities of wealthy High Churchman and Conservative politician Beresford Hope offer promising avenues of inquiry, for Hope saw in the American Union, and Southern secession, a religious dimension, represented most clearly in the Episcopal Church. To the more familiar (to historians) reasons why the South gained support in Britain—relating to economic and political interests—Hope added a deeper commitment arising from a sense of cultural affinity (the “Englishness” of the South) and from religious conviction (to him the Church, and indeed Christianity, seemed stronger in the South than in the North). This indicates a belief that Britain and the South were bound together by common Christian civilization.
Anticlericalism and Early Social Democracy in Sweden in the 1880s
Authors: Evertsson Jakob
Published: June 2019

This article examines early socialist anticlericalism directed against the clergy of the Church of Sweden in the late nineteenth century. Research on socialist critiques and the Church of Sweden is generally lacking, and no attempt has been made to interpret the critique using the concept of anticlericalism. This study analyses the Social Democrats’ official newspaper Socialdemokraten and demonstrates that socialist anticlericalism was focused on clerical lifestyles, the church as a class institution, and often religion itself. A critical analysis of the arguments reveals that the satire and exaggeration already familiar to many were commonly used in anticlerical rhetoric when describing the clergy. The ultimate aim of the critique was the abolition of the Established Church because it was considered to provide a conservative religious ideology for the state.
“Mary puts us all to shame”
Authors: Tyra Steven W.
Published: June 2019

This article examines Martin Luther’s interpretation of Saint Mary Magdalene throughout his career, from his Psalms lectures of 1513 to his sermons on John’s Gospel in 1529. In particular, it will be argued that Luther both adopted and reshaped the exegetical tradition flowing from the twelfth-century theologian, Bernard of Clairvaux. The final result was a Reformation reading of the Magdalene that was neither fully medieval nor “Protestant” as the tradition would later develop. Luther’s journey with the saint thus illumines his ambiguous place in the history of biblical interpretation, as well as his fraught relationship to the medieval past.
“Hail Luther’s Contribution”
Authors: Lenz Darin D.
Published: June 2019

Martin Luther was and remains a controversial figure whose contentious legacy has been used to serve a variety of agendas over the centuries. Nowhere is this better seen than in the use of Luther as symbol during the Cold War years in the United States. As American Protestants responded to the social, cultural, and political changes that defined this period they re-interpreted Luther in surprising ways to suit their own needs. Drawing on film, Roman Catholic responses, debates among scholars, Pentecostal, ecumenical, and political representations, this essay argues that Luther’s memory, as a lieu de mèmoire, was used during the Cold War era to promote whatever cause or concern interpreters wanted to associate with his name and legacy.
Land in Revolt
Authors: Jekanowski Rachel Webb
Published: June 2019

In this article, I examine the politicization of natural resources like water and land, and the wider entanglement of environments and politics, in Egyptian cinematic imaginaries. I focus on Youssef Chahine’s film al-Ard (The land, 1969) and its politicization of agricultural land during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970) and the British colonial occupation of Egypt (1882–1956). Because histories of colonialism and nationalism in the Arab world are rooted in the economic and political exploitation of material resources (including land, water, and people), I draw on eco-criticism as a method of critical reading to analyze the film’s depictions of these configurations of political power and resource management. I argue that al-Ard roots its depiction of the resistance of the Egyptian peasantry (fellahin) in environmental terms, namely, restrictions to resource access and the affective relationships of the peasants to the land. By tracing these imbrications, I seek to relocate environmental concerns in scholarship on political resistance with reference to Nasser-era cinema.
“Optimo humanista et greco”
Authors: Richardson Brian
Published: June 2019

On the death of Aldus Manutius in February 1515, the Venetian diarist Marin Sanudo recorded his evaluation of the man’s achievements, praising him as a teacher and scholar and highlighting the correctness of his Latin and Greek editions and their distinctive prefaces. This article considers the rationale for the esteem shown by Sanudo, and by contemporaries such as Erasmus, for Aldus as an outstanding scholar-printer in the classical languages, examining Sanudo’s suggestions about the means by which Aldus established his business and his reputation in Venice, and the extent to which he made use of collaborations. Sanudo’s assessment has a significant limitation, however, since it omits any mention of printing in Italian. The essay goes on to compare and contrast the production of Aldus’s last year, 1514–1515, which includes vernacular texts as well as editions in Latin and Greek, with that of his early career as a printer in the 1490s, when he concentrated on editions of Greek texts. His vernacular editions had an impact no less important than that of his classical ones in the first half of the sixteenth century, and they made a major contribution to the rise of Italian vernacular scholarship.
Fiery Heart and Fiery Tongue
Authors: Essary Kirk
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of the emotions in the Ecclesiastes as they come to bear on Erasmus’ understanding of teaching and learning in the context of the Christian sermon and the relationship between the preacher and the congregation. The emotions do not only feature in Erasmus’ attempts to adjudicate the manner in which it is incumbent upon the preacher to move the congregation, but a specifically Christian sort of affectivity governs the way in which Erasmus imagines the preacher to be learned, and thus also to teach. As a result of its breadth and depth in covering an array of topics relevant to cultivating learned piety in the context of Christian preaching, the Ecclesiastes represents the most detailed treatment Erasmus offered of the importance of emotion in numerous areas of Christian thought and life. And without close attention to the affective aspects of Erasmus’ ideal method of teaching and preaching, one simply cannot provide an adequate account of the humanist’s theological program of learned piety.
The Argumentum as Paratext
Authors: Faber Riemer A.
Published: June 2019

In the 1519 edition of the Novum Testamentum Erasmus replaced the traditional Marcionite Argumenta which prefaced each of the Pauline Epistles in the Novum Instrumentum of 1516 with newly composed Argumenta of his own. This article explores the function of these prefaces within the broader context of Erasmus’ program of biblical scholarship. Broaching the topics of authorship, literary style, theological content, and devotional application which are more fully worked out in the Annotations, Paraphrases, and Ratio verae theologiae, the Argumenta express in miniature Erasmus’ objectives as an editor of the Bible.
Etymologische Bemerkungen zu ahd. ruof ‚Dach, Abdeckung (auf dem Hinterschiff)‘
Authors: Schuhmann Roland
Published: June 2019

While the word group of OHG ruof m. ‘roof’ is generally derived from PGmc. *χrōfa-, the Old Swedish forms written with  show that the reconstructed form must be *χrōƀa-. PGmc. *χrōƀa- belongs together with the Slavic word group of OCS stropъ m. ‘roof’ but must be separated from the Celtic word group of mir. cró m. ‘enclosure’. The Germanic and Slavic forms lead back to a root PIE *k̂rep- ‘to cover’. From this root also Lat. creper ‘dark’ is derived.
Rorty’s Public-Private Distinction as a Pragmatic Tool
Authors: Rodeiro Manuel
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on interpreting Rorty’s defense of the public-private distinction. Traditionally, scholarship has been divided regarding how to interpret the distinction oscillating between ‘strict-divide’ and ‘loose-divide’ interpretations. The paper concludes that Rorty intended the loose interpretation and strives to explain how such an interpretation functions within his overall philosophical project.
Investigation into Funding Strategies of Social Enterprises
Authors: Zheng Shengfen
Published: June 2019

It has been attracting growing attention of all sectors of society to support social enterprises with social investment. This article focuses on the four much-discussed funding strategies of venture philanthropy, social impact investment, social impact bonds and crowdfunding. For the research, a total of 186 questionnaires were distributed and 92 of them were returned and found valid, with the rate of recovery standing at 49.5%. It is found that among the four strategies, the more heard of, the clearer, but that a strategy is clear does not mean it is readily accepted by the people; and among the companies with the registered name including the wording of social enterprise and those logging in as social enterprises, there is no significant statistical difference in the funding strategy. The result manifests the social enterprises in Taiwan are in the start-up stage, and goes in line with this article’s observation of the funding strategies, i.e., the funding strategy of the social enterprise has a lot to do with its life cycle. On this account, this article holds that we should pay attention to the life cycle of the social enterprises, adopt appropriate funding strategies based on their development stage and build sustainable business modes.