bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Saturday of Messianic Time (Agamben and Badiou on the Apostle Paul)
Authors: Kaufman Eleanor
Published: November 2007

This essay examines the way in which Giorgio Agamben's work is marked by a persistent inquiry into that space where what appears as one thing is in fact two. This dynamic characterizes his “state of exception” as well as the notion of “messianic time” central to his book on the apostle Paul, The Time That Remains: A Commentary on the Letter to the Romans. By contrast, Alain Badiou's Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism serves as the most extended example of Badiou's philosophical system, Paul's fidelity to Christ's resurrection being the model of a Badiouian militant engaged in a “truth procedure.” Badiou's book has only three categories (the Greek, the Jew, and the privileged term of the law-surpassing Christian) compared to his customary four (politics, art, science, and love), and in Saint Paul he casts suspicion on what would be the potential fourth category, the mystical. However, his other work on counting and number reveals his sensitivity to the problematic of a difference of one between two numbers in a count. In this fashion, there is in Badiou a hidden messianism of number that links his work, in spite of its diametrically opposed reading of Paul, to Agamben.
Blimp1 regulates development of the posterior forelimb, caudal pharyngeal arches, heart and sensory vibrissae in mice
Authors: Robertson Elizabeth J. , Charatsi Iphigenie , Joyner Clive J. , Koonce Chad H. , Morgan Marc , Islam Ayesha , Paterson Carol , Lejsek Emily , Arnold Sebastian J. , Kallies Axel , Nutt Stephen L. , Bikoff Elizabeth K.
Published: November 2007

The zinc-finger transcriptional repressor Blimp1 (Prdm1) controls gene expression patterns during differentiation of B lymphocytes and regulates epigenetic changes required for specification of primordial germ cells. Blimp1 is dynamically expressed at diverse tissue sites in the developing mouse embryo, but its functional role remains unknown because Blimp1 mutant embryos arrest at E10.5 due to placental insufficiency. To explore Blimp1 activities at later stages in the embryo proper,here we used a conditional inactivation strategy. A Blimp1-Cretransgenic strain was also exploited to generate a fate map of Blimp1-expressing cells. Blimp1 plays essential roles in multipotent progenitor cell populations in the posterior forelimb, caudal pharyngeal arches, secondary heart field and sensory vibrissae and maintains key signalling centres at these diverse tissues sites. Interestingly, embryos carrying a hypomorphic Blimp1gfp reporter allele survive to late gestation and exhibit similar, but less severe developmental abnormalities, whereas transheterozygous Blimp1gfp/-embryos with further reduced expression levels, display exacerbated defects. Collectively, the present experiments demonstrate that Blimp1requirements in diverse cell types are exquisitely dose dependent.
Space debris — an insurance perspective
Authors: Hall G E
Published: November 2007

The current article forms an introduction for the engineering community to space insurance and the way insurers view the space debris hazard.

Insurance for space missions has developed and matured over the decades and is nowroutinely available for most missions, though only some are insured. Policies that cover accidental damage in the pre-launch phases; launch and a period in-orbit; and follow-on in-orbit insurance are taken out by those wanting to transfer their risk exposures to the insurance community. These include spacecraft manufacturers, spacecraft owner-operators, users of spacecraft payloads, and launch service providers. Liabilities to third parties can also be covered by insurance. National and international law (e.g. UN Treaties) determine such matters. Under the UN Liability Convention, the Launching State is ultimately liable. Through licensing and contracts the Launching State transfers its liabilities to the launch service providers and spacecraft owner-operators. In turn, these insure their own liabilities.

The risk of space debris damage is included as one of many environmental hazards. In an insurance context, space debris includes man-made objects/fragments, and naturally occurring objects, both in-orbit and entering/re-entering to earth. It also includes debris from launchers and stages that explode or otherwise do not reach orbit. All objects of whatever origin can cause damage or injury as they return through air-space to land or sea. While there have been instances of debris impact on spacecraft in-orbit, so far, none has resulted in an insured loss.

Insurance is a reactive enterprise, and if a total loss claim attributed to debris impact were to arrive in the market, it would adversely affect the cost and availability of insurance. Tracing the cause (debris impact) to a particular man-made space object is difficult, but not impossible. If done successfully, this could result in a claim against the Launching State of that object. Insurers always stay aware of the extent and the orbital distribution of space debris, as well as the possibility that debris damage may be traceable to an identifiable man-made object. Their stance is to keep an informed watching brief on the subject.
Implementation of debris mitigation using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards
Authors: Taylor E A , Davey J R
Published: November 2007

The International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee ‘Aircraft and Space Vehicles’ Sub-Committee ‘Space Systems and Operations’ (known as ISO TC20/SC14) has been engaged in the development of standards since 1992, covering all aspects of space system manufacture and operation. Since 2003, ISO TC20/SC14 has been developing standards to help minimize the creation of orbital debris during the launch, operation, and disposal of space systems. This activity builds on a number of guidelines and recommendations on debris mitigation have been agreed in recent years. In particular, through the efforts of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Co-ordination Committee (IADC), which represents ten national space agencies and the European Space Agency, consensus was reached in 2002 on guidelines, containing measures to be taken to reduce the growth of orbiting space debris. The ISO standards will capture industry best practices and specify specific actions to be taken by satellite manufacturers and operators to comply with requirements, which are based on topics covered in the guidelines recommended by the IADC. The current paper describes the ISO process for developing space debris mitigation standards, and gives an overview of the current status.
Repeated human papillomavirus DNA findings among female university students
Authors: Auvinen E , Zilliacus R , Malm C , Karkkulainen T , Fingerroos R , Paavonen J
Published: November 2007

In a previous study, we found a high (33%) human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA prevalence among first year university students in the Helsinki metropolitan area. We have now performed HPV rescreening among first-round HPV-positive students using a liquid-based hybridization assay. A total of 212 students participated in rescreening, and 82 (38.7%) of 212 were found to be positive for HPV DNA. Low-risk (lr) HPV DNA was repeatedly found in 16.8% of the patients who had been lr positive in the first screening round. High-risk (hr) HPV DNA was repeatedly found in 33.3% of the patients. Although HPV typing in these samples has not been carried out yet, we conclude that repeatedly positive HPV DNA findings were strikingly common. hrHPV DNA was repeatedly found twice as often as lrHPV DNA. HPV DNA prevalence was higher among oral contraceptive users than among patients using other contraception.
A comparison of the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy between HIV- and non-HIV-infected subjects with hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Townsend Mary L , Hollowell Stephanie B , Bhalodia Jasmin , Wilson Kenneth H , Kaye Keith S , Johnson Melissa D
Published: November 2007

This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center evaluated the effectiveness and safety of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in a HIV-infected population as compared with a general population with hyperlipidaemia. Fifty-three HIV-infected subjects who developed dyslipidaemia and 53 age-matched non-HIV-infected subjects receiving LLT were selected. Efficacy of LLT was assessed after three and six months. Non-HIV-infected subjects were more likely to achieve total cholesterol (TC) goals at three and six months ( P = 0.045, P = 0.005) and triglyceride (TG) goals at six months ( P = 0.017). Less than 45% of HIV-infected subjects met National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) goals at three or six months. While non-HIV-infected subjects were more likely to achieve TC and TG goals than HIV-infected subjects, overall achievement of NCEP III goals was poor. This result was likely due to treatment with inappropriately low doses of statins.
HIV-1 genotype after interruption of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy and virological response after resumption of the same regimen
Authors: Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Malathum Kumthorn , Sathapatayavongs Boonmee
Published: November 2007

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have a longer half-life than nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs). Simultaneous interruption of all drugs exposes the patients to NNRTI monotherapy. This study evaluated HIV-1 genotype after treatment interruption (TI) of NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and virological response after resumption of the same ART regimen. A prospective study was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients who enrolled into a CD4-guided TI study. All patients continued dual NRTIs for a further 7–10 days at NNRTI TI. HIV-1 genotypic assay was performed prior to resumption of the same ART regimen. Forty-three patients required ART resumption after TI from NNRTI-based regimens. Mean age was 42.7 years; 44% were men. Median CD4 and HIV-1 RNA at the time of ART resumption were 178 cell/mm3 and 5.78 log copies/mL, respectively. HIV-1 genotype revealed no mutations contributed to NRTI or NNRTI resistance. Of all, 56% and 100% patients achieved undetectable HIV-1 RNA at three and six months, respectively. Median CD4 were 386 and 419 cells/mm3 at the corresponding periods. In conclusion, continuation of dual NRTIs for 7–10 days after TI of NNRTI-based regimens can minimize the risk of acquired NNRTI resistance. With this strategy, the same regimen can be used for resumption and also yield good virological and immunological outcomes.
Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted urethritis and circumcision: a meta-analysis
Authors: Van Howe Robert S
Published: November 2007

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of circumcision status to the risk for genital ulcerative disease (GUD) and sexually transmitted urethritis. A MEDLINE search and a review of references in published articles identified studies addressing the risk of sexually transmitted urethritis or GUD based on circumcision status. Meta-analyses, sensitivity analysis, and exploration for publication bias were performed. Thirty articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data from one study were published twice. GUD showed a trend towards being more common in genitally intact men (random-effects summary odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–1.82). When comparing men with GUD to men with 'genital discharge syndrome' (GDS), genitally intact men were more likely to have GUD (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.70–3.15). There was no difference in the risk for chancroid based on circumcision status (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.40–2.05), gonorrhoea (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.82–1.29), or Chlamydia trachomatis infections (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.32–1.19). Genitally intact men were less likely to be diagnosed with 'GDS' (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67–1.01) or non-specific urethritis (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64–1.01). Adjustment for publication bias in the literature that applies to chlamydial infections gave a summary OR of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.22–0.97). Significant between-study heterogeneity was a consistent finding. In conclusion, genitally intact men may be at greater risk for GUD, whereas circumcised men may be at greater risk for acquiring sexually transmitted urethritis in general, but there is no statistically significant difference in risk of gonococcal infection. Significant between-study heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias exclude the possibility of reaching a definitive conclusion regarding the association of circumcision status and these sexually transmitted infections.
Naturally Occurring Parvovirus-associated Feline Hypogranular Cerebellar Hypoplasia—A Comparison to Experimentally-induced Lesions Using Immunohistology
Authors: Résibois A. , Coppens A. , Poncelet L.
Published: November 2007

Three cases of feline cerebellar hypoplasia are presented. At the time of examination, the ages of the cats ranged from 2 months to 1 year. Necropsy revealed cerebellar and pons hypoplasia. Polymerase chain reaction for parvoviral deoxyribonucleic acid was positive in cerebellar tissue. Cell-specific immunolabeling was used to characterize the lesions, which were characterized into 2 types. In type 1 lesions, the cortex was nearly agranular, with an extremely thin molecular layer; the Purkinje cells were randomly placed and oriented, and their stunted main dendrite produced a thorn-covered atrophic dendritic tree; the basket cell axons ran randomly and had dysmorphic endings; and myelinated fibers were severely reduced in folia axes. In type 2 lesions, the cortex was hypogranular; the Purkinje cells were linearly organized, but their main dendrite extended too far in the molecular layer before giving up smooth, bent secondary dendrites; many basket cells were located along the cerebellar surface, and their axons ran at right angle to the surface; myelinated fibers were moderately reduced. Defects in climbing fiber synapse translocation and elimination were evident in both types of lesion. This immunohistologic study allowed a comparison between lesions in these spontaneous cerebellar hypoplasia cases with those documented when using silver impregnation studies after perinatal experimental cerebellar damage. Such a comparison is consistent with viral infection that occurs before birth in all 3 cases. Progress in parvovirus biology knowledge suggests that viral NS1 protein cytotoxicity might explain degenerative changes in the Purkinje cells that were present, in addition to the development defect.
Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma in Cats: 50 Cases (1989–2005)
Authors: Little L. , Patel R. , Goldschmidt M.
Published: November 2007

Lymphoma is the most common nasal cavity tumor in cats, yet few reports specifically address the anatomic, immunohistologic, and cytologic features of this neoplasm. Fifty cats were diagnosed with lymphoma at necropsy, via biopsy or by cytology alone. Ten cats displayed multiorgan involvement, and in 2 of these the involvement was limited to the cerebellum and frontal cortex, respectively. Of the tumors, 41 of 50 (82%) were classified as nasal lymphoma, 5 of 50 (10%) were classified as nasopharyngeal lymphoma, and 4 of 50 (8%) involved both nasal and nasopharyngeal tissue. Histologically, all were considered diffuse lymphoid neoplasms and no cats displayed features of follicular lymphoma. Of the 44 cases available for slide review by the pathologist, 40 of 44 (91%) were classified as immunoblastic lymphoma, 2 of 44 (5%) as diffuse large cell, and 1 as diffuse mixed; 1 was unclassified. Of the 45 cats for which immunohistochemical stains were available, 32 were uniformly positive for CD79a, 7 were uniformly CD3 positive, and 6 had a mixed population of CD79a and CD3 cells. Epithelioptropism was exhibited in 4 of 5 (80%) cats in which there was sufficient epithelium present for evaluation. Of those 4, 3 were B-cell and 1 was a granulated T-cell lymphoma. In the 21 cats which nasal cytology was performed, 15 were cytologically diagnosed with lymphoma; the diagnoses in the remaining five cats were inflammatory (n=4), normal lymphoid tissue (n=1), or nondiagnostic (n=1). The most common biochemical abnormalities were panhyperproteinemia in 26/46 (57%) of cats and hypocholesterolemia in 11/46 (24%) of cats.
Leukoencephalomyelopathy in Specific Pathogen-free Cats
Authors: Cassidy J. P. , Caulfield C. , Jones B. R. , Worrall S. , Conlon L. , Palmer A. C. , Kelly J.
Published: November 2007

Investigations were carried out on 8 specific pathogen-free cats (5 male and 3 female) from a colony experiencing “outbreaks” of progressive hind limb ataxia in 190 of 540 at-risk animals ranging from 3 months to 3 years old. These studies identified moderate to severe bilateral axonal degeneration within white matter regions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord and in the white matter of the cerebral internal capsule and peduncle, in the roof of the fourth ventricle and inferior cerebellar peduncle, and in the external arcuate and pyramidal fibres of the medulla. There were varying degrees of accompanying microgliosis, astrocytosis, and capillary hyperplasia. Such a clinicopathologic syndrome, termed feline leukoencephalomyelopathy, has previously been described in cat colonies in Britain and New Zealand, although its etiology has not been determined. The degenerative nature of the lesions and their bilateral distribution suggest possible nutritional, metabolic, or toxic causes. Although these findings provide circumstantial evidence that the exclusive feeding of a gamma-irradiated diet of reduced vitamin A content is associated with the development of the neuronal lesions, further tissue micronutrient and antioxidant analysis will be required to support this hypothesis.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor and a Leydig Cell Tumor in a Dog
Authors: Owston M. A. , Ramos-vara J. A.
Published: November 2007

Mixed germ cell sex cord-stromal tumors (MGSCTs) of the testis are rare in dogs. We describe the histopathology and immunohistochemical characteristics of an MGSCT associated with a Leydig cell tumor in a cryptorchid testis. Histologically, MGSCT consisted of two nodules of seminiferous tubules lined by germ cells and Sertoli cells in variable proportions. Germ cells had variable size and nuclear features, with frequent giant cells. Germ cells were evenly mixed with Sertoli cells or located in the center of tubules. Markers that labeled mainly germ cells and few or no Sertoli or Leydig cells were calretinin, KIT, and PGP 9.5. E-cadherin, GATA-4, inhibin-α (INH-α), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were predominantly detected in Sertoli cells, whereas melan A was particularly expressed in Leydig cells and vimentin in all three cell types. OCT3/4 was not detected in any cell type. Although more cases of canine MGSCT need to be examined, our results suggest that an immunohistochemical panel of E-cadherin, GATA-4, INH-α, KIT, NSE, PGP 9.5, and melan A will help distinguish the three main cell types in canine testicular germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors.
A Collection Assessment of University of Kentucky's Newspaper Negatives
Authors: Teper Thomas H.
Published: November 2007

After generating numerous unanswered questions about its microfilm masters, their history, and their condition, the collection assessment became the most realistic process by which the University of Kentucky could better understand its holdings. In May 2001, the University of Kentucky's Preservation Reformatting Librarian began the process of designing and implementing a collection assessment for the University's holdings of first-generation microfilm masters.
Demographic History Has Influenced Nucleotide Diversity in EuropeanPinus sylvestrisPopulations
Authors: Pyhäjärvi Tanja , García-Gil M Rosario , Knürr Timo , Mikkonen Merja , Wachowiak Witold , Savolainen Outi
Published: November 2007

To infer the role of natural selection in shaping standing genetic diversity, it is necessary to assess the genomewide impact of demographic history on nucleotide diversity. In this study we analyzed sequence diversity of 16 nuclear loci in eight Pinus sylvestris populations. Populations were divided into four geographical groups on the basis of their current location and the geographical history of the region: northern Europe, central Europe, Spain, and Turkey. There were no among-group differences in the level of silent nucleotide diversity, which was ∼0.005/bp in all groups. There was some evidence that linkage disequilibrium extended further in northern Europe than in central Europe: the estimates of the population recombination rate parameter, ρ, were 0.0064 and 0.0294, respectively. The summary statistics of nucleotide diversity in central and northern European populations were compatible with an ancient bottleneck rather than the standard neutral model.
Heterosis for Biomass-Related Traits in Arabidopsis Investigated by Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of the Triple Testcross Design With Recombinant Inbred Lines
Authors: Kusterer Barbara , Piepho Hans-Peter , Utz H Friedrich , Schön Chris C , Muminovic Jasmina , Meyer Rhonda C , Altmann Thomas , Melchinger Albrecht E
Published: November 2007

Arabidopsis thaliana has emerged as a leading model species in plant genetics and functional genomics including research on the genetic causes of heterosis. We applied a triple testcross (TTC) design and a novel biometrical approach to identify and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heterosis of five biomass-related traits by (i) estimating the number, genomic positions, and genetic effects of heterotic QTL, (ii) characterizing their mode of gene action, and (iii) testing for presence of epistatic effects by a genomewide scan and marker × marker interactions. In total, 234 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis hybrid C24 × Col-0 were crossed to both parental lines and their F1 and analyzed with 110 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. QTL analyses were conducted using linear transformations Z1, Z2, and Z3 calculated from the adjusted entry means of TTC progenies. With Z1, we detected 12 QTL displaying augmented additive effects. With Z2, we mapped six QTL for augmented dominance effects. A one-dimensional genome scan with Z3 revealed two genomic regions with significantly negative dominance × additive epistatic effects. Two-way analyses of variance between marker pairs revealed nine digenic epistatic interactions: six reflecting dominance × dominance effects with variable sign and three reflecting additive × additive effects with positive sign. We conclude that heterosis for biomass-related traits in Arabidopsis has a polygenic basis with overdominance and/or epistasis being presumably the main types of gene action.
Os pontos positivos de diferentes tradições: o que se pode ganhar e o que se pode perder combinando direitos e desenvolvimento?
Authors: Archer Robert
Published: November 2007

Este trabalho destaca alguns dos pontos positivos e negativos das abordagens de direitos humanos e de desenvolvimento para indicar uma estrutura mais eficaz rumo ao tratamento da pobreza e da exclusão. (Original em inglês.)
Self-Perception of Body Weight, Weight Management Practices and Goals, and other Weight-Related Factors in Central and Eastern European Adolescents
Authors: Page Randy M. , Ihász Ferenc , Uvacsek Martina , Kalabiska Irén , Johnson Erin , Hantiu Iacob , Klarova Renata , Simonek Jaromir
Published: November 2007

Self-perception of body weight, management practices and goals, and other weight-related factors were assessed among a sample of 2,566 adolescents from 30 high schools in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Ukraine, and Poland. Students who perceived themselves as much too fat were more likely than those with other weight perceptions to engage in weight management practices to lose weight, have higher body mass index, rate themselves lower on physical attractiveness, and estimate higher percentages of their same-sex friends as trying to lose weight. Similar to other research, boys and girls differed on self-perception of weight and other weight-related factors. Cross-cultural comparisons between central and eastern European adolescents and U.S. adolescents, as well as east and southeast Asian youth are made. Implications for health education practice are discussed.
Role of Social Support, Hardiness, and Acculturation as Predictors of Mental Health among International Students of Asian Indian Origin
Authors: Atri Ashutosh , Sharma Manoj , Cottrell Randall
Published: November 2007

This study determined the role of social support, hardiness, and acculturation as predictors of mental health among international Asian Indian students enrolled at two large public universities in Ohio. A sample of 185 students completed a 75-item online instrument assessing their social support levels, acculturation, hardiness, and their mental health. Regression analyses were conducted to test for variance in mental health attributable to each of the three independent variables. The final regression model revealed that the belonging aspect of social support, acculturation and prejudice of acculturation scale, and commitment and control of hardiness were all predictive of mental health ( R2 = 0.523). Recommendations have been offered to develop interventions that will help strengthen the social support, hardiness, and acculturation of international students and help improve their mental health. Recommendations for development of future Web-based studies also are offered.
La rime d'après le Dictionnaire des rimes de Lanoue (1596)
Authors: Morin Yves-Charles
Published: November 2007

Y.-C. Morin

This essay examines the rhyme-system of 16th century French as presented by Lanoue (1596) in his rhyming dictionary — certainly the most precise and extensive rhyming dictionary in the history of French — and how it evolved from a strictly phonetic system into the « classical rhyme », a system depending more and more heavily on stereotyped interpretations of a stabilizing conventional spelling, as poets tried to maintain distinctions no longer existing in the language.
Passé simple, et imparfait : un couple mal assorti
Authors: Vetters Carl
Published: November 2007

C. Vetters

The simple past (SP) and the imperfect (IMP) are generally considered to be two members of a binary opposition. Analyses of the use of these tenses can be divided into two paradigms : on the one hand, an aspectual explanation, and on the other, a discursive alternative which holds that the use of the two tenses is determined by principles such as foreground / background, given / new or setting / change. However, neither of the two paradigms succeeds in giving a satisfactory description of the opposition SP/IMP. The solution proposed here combines the two paradigms : I show that SP and IMP do not constitute a true « couple » ; rather, their fundamental meanings are situated on different levels, that of the SP on the level of sentential aspect, and that of the IMP on the level of textual construction.
Manifestations de la catégorie du médiatif dans les temps du français
Authors: Zlatka Guentcheva
Published: November 2007

Zlatka Guentcheva : « Evidential values of the French tense system »

A great number of languages encode by means of grammatical markers the speaker's distance with respect to the situation expressed by the proposition : the speaker explicitly signals that his information is derived from general reputation, hearsay, inferences , reasoning. . . Although French is not traditionally thought of as a language endowed with an evidential system, several temporal forms (especially the conditionnel, the passé composé and the présent) can take evidential meanings. This paper presents some comments on the phenomenon.
« Intérêt » et ses dérivés au croisement de divers réseaux lexico-sémantiques
Authors: Picoche Jacqueline
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Picoche : « Intérêt et ses dérivés au croisement de divers réseaux lexico- sémantiques »

In his article, the author tries to apply the various methods of lexical semantics to a very coherent family of abstract words with a high use frequency. She notably unfolds the methods which she initiated, such as the actantial field and power-signifié. She gives evidences against a homonymie treatment of those items which she thinks of as polysems whose various acceptations can be classified according to a continuum on a single kine- tism, although everyone of them has its pecular outline.
Tropes et sémantique linguistique
Authors: Rastier François
Published: November 2007

François Rastier, Tropes and Semantic Linguistics

The tradition of linguistics has reduced rhetoric to tropes. Until now, it has defined figurative sense as a deviation from proper or literal sense, thus highlighting ontological concerne typical of western metaphysics. For descriptive semantics, the trope problem becomes the problem of interpretative paths, ruled by perceptive and hermeneutical constraints. These paths allow the building of semantic shapes and backgrounds.
L'évolution sémantique et pragmatique des adverbes déictiques ici, là et là-bas
Authors: Smith John Charles
Published: November 2007

John Charles Smith : « L'évolution sémantique et pragmatique des adverbes déictiques ici, là, et là-bas »

The semantic and pragmatic value of the French deictic adverbs ici, là, and là-bas has changed significantly between the pre-Classical language and the present day. The development of these items involves subjectification — a tendency for meanings « to become increasingly situated in the speakers subjective belief state or attitude towards the proposition ». At the same time, the data enable us to conclude that semantic change involving metaphor takes place within a « window » , and that forms can be affected by a given change only if they exist during the relevant period.
Les variantes dans le nouveau Petit Robert 1993
Authors: Rey-Debove Josette , Lebeau-Bensa Béatrice
Published: November 2007

J. Rey-Debove, B. Lebeau-Bensa : Spelling Variants in the new Petit Robert 1993

The wish to control variants in the latest edition of the Petit Robert is not only to make the reader's task easier, but also proceeds from a sense of our responsibility as far as orthographical development is concerned : observation of the past and the present, and a logical anticipation of the future.
Quand des élèves de CM1 argumentent
Authors: Garcia-Debanc Claudine
Published: November 2007

Claudine Garcia-Debanc, Quand des élèves de CM 1 argumentent

This article sets out a comparative analysis of two oral argumentative discourse samples produced by ten years old pupils. They argue at the beginning of a scientific process (heuristic argumentation), then they have a discussion about books they like (rhetorical argumentation). The textual sequences and the construction of meaning through interaction are analysed. Both heuristic and rhetorical aspects are present in the two recordings.
La dynamique du français des jeunes : sept ans de mouvement à travers deux enquêtes (1987-1994)
Authors: Sourdot Marc
Published: November 2007

Marc Sourdot: Dynamics of French spoken by the young : a seven-year development as seen through two surveys (1987-1994)

This article compares two surveys, the second carried out seven years after the first, among third-year linguistics students in Paris. The first survey, of 1987, collected about 1 ,300 words and revealed 73 neologisms. The second survey, of 1994, revealed 83 neologisms out of 1 ,600 items collected. The comparison of these two sets highlights the key changes that can be seen in student parlances during a seven-year period : student neologisms in 1987 tend to reflect what has been called « le français branché » (trendy French) whereas those of 1 994 seem more to be part of slang devices typical of the language used in the city outskirsts.
Une parlure argotique de collégiens
Authors: Seux Bernard
Published: November 2007

Bernard Seux: Neighbourhood slang : What is its place in pupils' language at Chambon-Feugerolles Junior High School ?

In a Junior High School in the outskirts of St Etienne, teenagers use their neighbourhood vernacular with their peers. The majority of the teachers are unaware that this « slang parlance » is used. The lexis collected is mostly composed of a lexical base common to different « youth parlances » in France but also of their own relatively short-lived inventions. Moreover, one notes that words or expressions are borrowed and circulated in informal networks of urban developments and neighbourhoods. In their comments on their way of speaking and on the pleasure they have in playing with words, most of the speakers questioned seemed to show skills that their teachers often think they lack.
Stratégies référentielles et variation
Authors: Reichler-Béguelin Marie-José
Published: November 2007

Marie-José Reichler-Béguelin : Stratégies référentielles et variation

Anaphoric phenomena are considered here as sites of variation. It is shown which types of factors influence speakers' choices, when several expressions are suitable, in a given context, to realize the same act of reference. The atypical uses of third person free pronouns are examined from this point of view: they result from strategic compromises operated by speakers in situations where constraints are in conflict.
Les indéfinis : variables et quantificateurs
Authors: Corblin Francis
Published: November 2007

Francis Corblin: Les indéfinis: variables et quantificateurs

In the large class of "quantified NPs" some theories distinguish a restricted group of so-called "indefinite NPs" (e.g. in French un N, deux Ns, plusieurs Ns). This paper discusses the empirical properties and theoretical analyses which substantiate this distinction, paying special attention to the contrast between indefinites and modified versions of them (e.g. un au moins, un au plus, un exactement), the latter falling by all relevant criteria, outside the class of indefinites, although most denotational approaches consider that the meaning of indefinites is expressed by some of their modified versions.
Tel adjectif. Grammaire d'une variable de caractérisation
Authors: Riegel Martin
Published: November 2007

Martin Rlegel: Tel adjectif. Grammaire d'une variable de caractérisation

When used as a pronominal adjective, tel has the typical distribution of a "qualifying" adjective ("adjectif qualificatif") and is interpreted as a variable referring to the general notion of a "characteristic". This variable is turned into a constant, a specific characteristic, by the context. We describe how syntactic forms (relative, consequential and paratactic correlations) and textual mechanisms (anaphoric, cataphoric and deictic expressions) contribute to the discursive satisfaction of this kind of variable.
Les productions vocales des jeunes enfants français : convergence vers le modèle adulte
Authors: Hallé Pierre A.
Published: November 2007

P. A. Halle, French infants vocal productions: Convergence toward the adult language patterns

The study of French children's vocal productions suggests that, at each period of development, the emerging and developing aspects specific to French language are those aspects which are functional, given the children's cognitive capacities. Children soon overcome the limitations imposed by physiological and biological maturation, and their vocalisations reflect native language specificity well before they can say words. Language specificity first appears in the prosodic, then in the segmental characteristics of vocalisations. Language specificity also affects the way children's early words deviate from the adult model, and the kind of regularities that later emerge as a "proto-phonology", roughly at the time of lexical burst.
Démonstratifs insolents. De quelques emplois du démonstratif dans le texte célinien
Authors: Bénard Jean
Published: November 2007

Johanne Benard : Some specific uses of demonstratives in Céline's texts.

This article studies three different uses of the demonstrative in two novels by Louis-Ferdinand Céline. It argues that, in the three cases, the demonstrative cannot be reduced to its usual anaphoric and deictic values. First, I demonstrate that in the context of what one critic has described as a "deixis imitative" (for Guignol's band), the demonstrative has an exclamatory value. Secondly, I analyse the demonstrative with the "nom de qualité » , showing that in a text which is full of insults (like in the war novel Casse-pipe), the demonstrative and the definite are interchangeable. Thirdly, I examine the demonstrative in an excerpt written in the « style indirect libre », where it signals a double enunciation.
Réflexions sur la partition : les groupes nominaux partitifs et la relativisation
Authors: Kupferman Lucien
Published: November 2007

Lucien Kupferman: Partitive nominal phrases and relativization

It is proposed that the head of a partitive nominal phrase is a functional one, the word de, and that quantifying expressions are specifiers of QPs. It is also contended that so-called partitive complements are labelled as DPs, where N is the lexical head of the whole expression.
L'hypothèse de l'histoire et la sous-détermination grammaticale
Authors: Auroux Sylvain
Published: November 2007

Sylvain Auroux : The Historical Hypothesis and the Grammatical Under-Determination of Language

Sylvain Auroux's work is an attempt at establishing the epistemologie al foundations of a scientific perspective integrating history as major data in the field of language sciences. Through a critical reading of the formalist reduction of linguistic creativity to linguistic recursivity, this article shows how empirical language belongs to history, and how linguistic interactions are only partly determined by grammar.
Russie/URSS : le discours national russe comme mémoire et refus
Authors: Paillard Denis
Published: November 2007

Denis Paillard : Russia/SSSR : the Russian National Discourse as Memory and Rejection

Denis Paillard's contribution examines the latest aspects of the new political culture born in Russia after the collapse of communism. It shows that in the years 1986-1992 a « new » discourse on memory has appeared which is a hybrid product of the Russian traditional national discourse and of the remnants of Stalinist discourse. The text unveils the common logic that these two discourses share, discovering deep cultural continuities through the recent political upheavals.
« La traduction automatique : son utilisation par le "grand public" »
Authors: Loffler-Laurian Anne-Marie
Published: November 2007

Anne-Marie Loffler-Laurian : « Machine translation : its use by the public at large »

The SYSTRAN machine translation system, which is widely used at the Commission of the European Community and in several large research centers and industrial firms, has been implemented on the French public videotex service, Minitel. We study the output of this system from a linguistic point of view. It clearly emerges that a system based on and aimed at technical translation (including technologies and

administration) cannot be used by the public at large without a great amount of development, if ever. The linguistic features of general speech are different from those of specialized discourses, therefore rules are not easily transferrable and the quality of the results of this machine translation are of a far lower quality than those obtained when it is used in technical environment.
Les enjeux de la manière
Authors: Dessons Gérard
Published: November 2007

Gérard Dessons : What is at stake in the concept of manner

« Forgotten » by structuralism and the modern science of language, manner has yet been an important concept of literary individuation, like style and, later, ecriture.

Linked with the notions of continuity and globality, this concept relies on semantics, rather than on semiotics, according to the distinction of Emile Benveniste. For this reason, pastiche does'nt properly repeat a specific manner, but rather can approach and caricature it.

What is at stake with the concept of manner is historicisation and desacralisation of the infinite in language.
La forme d'une théorie du langage axée sur les termes supports
Authors: Ibrahim Amr Helmy
Published: November 2007

Amr Helmy Ibrahim : Outline of a language theory based on support elements

This is a theory which actualizes elements by putting them into a more or less redundant matrix system with no limits drawn between lexicon, syntax and semantics, where the support verbs as metonymie actualizers function both to neutralize and to differenciate.
Grammaires génératives et grammaires d'unification
Authors: Abeillé Anne
Published: November 2007

Unification-based (or constraint-based) grammars have developed in the last 20 years as alternative models to the main theory of generative grammar. Initially syntax oriented, they now inspire works in phonology, morphology and semantics. In being completely formalized, they appear as the true inheritors of the generative program of Chomsky 1957. They are also building a bridge with computational linguistics and psycholinguistics.
Regards sur la sémantique française contemporaine
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude
Published: November 2007

The aim of this article is to show that as far as French semantics is concerned, the main recent theories can be characterized in terms of epistemological choices. A classification is then intended on the base of epistemological claims, that leads to establish unlooked-for points of similarity. Moreover, it shows that apart from terminological differences, most of such theoretical possibilities had been already considered in former developments of semantics.
Philosophie et langage. A propos de Jean Bollack et du Centre de Recherche philologique de Lille
Authors: Thouard Denis
Published: November 2007

Classical scholarship has determined our image of classical texts that it edited and explained. What can it afford to our understanding of language? Purpose of this paper is 1) to situate philology among the sciences of language 2) to present the critical hermeneutic of Jean Bollack 3) through few examples from different authors of the Centre de recherche philologique (on Heraclitus and Hesiod above all) and 4) to sketch some problems concerning the epistemology of linguistics and the relations between philology and philosophy.
« Les mots pour le dire » : vers la constitution d'une classe de prédicats
Authors: Vives Robert
Published: November 2007

This article concerns problems linked with the construction of so-called "classes of predicates". We make propositions for a lexical, syntactic and semantic characterization of predicates (verbs, predicative nouns, adjectives) used for interpreting and reporting people speech acts .
Morphologie autonome et morphologie verbale du français : une représentation de l'auxiliaire
Authors: Picabia Lelia
Published: November 2007

Within a Generative framework, specifically the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995) combined with what is known as Distributed Morphology theory, Picabia presents a description of verbal inflections thereby offering a syntactic analysis of auxiliary verbs in French. She discusses the status of the auxiliary, which is largely studied by French grammarians. Picabia raises the question whether auxiliary verbs form a lexical or a functional category. In order to demonstrate her point of view, she develops an analysis of avoir et aller, two verbs that can be considered close to functional category, and whose auxiliarity is undoubted.
Analyse sémantique d'une forme passive complémentaire : se laisser
Authors: Shyldkrot Hava Bat-Zeev
Published: November 2007

Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot describes and analyses a series of alternative passive forms, which express a meaning that is not "an active transitive one". She particularly examines structures with se voir/ se faire/ se laisser followed by an infinitive, where the conjugated verb is considered to be an auxiliary. Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot expounds the two parallel methods that are used in order to define passive forms. One method compares other structures to an unmarked passive structure with être. A second method considers the meaning of the sentence as a distinctive feature, and looks for other structures that seem to convey the same meaning. She tries to define the difference in meaning between the various non-canonical passives and the canonical ones .
Étude comparative des processus de reformulation ches des enfants de 5 à 11 ans
Authors: Martinot Claire
Published: November 2007

According to their age, children tend not to reformulate the same story in the same matter previously heard even though the overall content is similar. Reformulation processes used by these children from the age 5 to 11 reveal at what acquisition stage each and every one of them is. Spatial and temporal expressions respectively result in very different achievements. Concerning spatial reference, entity location seems to be acquired by the age of 9 and directional expression by the age of 11. In the temporal area, children aren't able to evaluate an event frequency before the age of 8. The slow spatial and temporal development is mainly due to the misknowledge of the different prepositional values. Moreover, reformulation analysis shows that children reformulate most of the verbal predicates while defining them. This way of sense build up shows that definition types depend on both verbal lexicon and children age.
Stratégies de lecture pour les textes à consigne
Authors: Schmid Sabine , Baccino Thierry
Published: November 2007

Two experiments on reading of procedural texts are described with the purpose to show the role of organisational /spatial layout (Title, paragraph marks. ..) on encoding strategies during reading. The first experiment used reading times and the second was an eye tracking study. Globally, the results show that the presence of a organisational layout on procedural texts (games rules) induced a hierarchic encoding of text information, it would facilitate the global coherence process needed for information integration. This hierarchic encoding strategy is elaborated at the beginning of reading when the text structure is available (text presented with a layout), reading time are longer on the first sentence. When the structure of the text is not available (justified text), the encoding strategy was rather temporal, text coherence would be established progressively during reading. The results are interpreted according to the Structure Building Framework Model (Gernsbacher, 1988)

Mots-clés : Lecture, Stratégies, Mouvements de Yeux, Texte Procédural.
La préposition en français et en espagnol : une question de grammaticalisation ?
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice
Published: November 2007

The aim of the paper is to compare prepositional phrases in French and Spanish which correspond either to an infinitival complement or to an oblique complement clause. The central empirical observation is that French basically uses two prepositions to introduce this type of complement, viz. à and de, whereas Spanish has a larger scale of prepositions that fulfill the same function, viz. a, de, рог, con, en. The claim is that grammaticalization theory, usually put forward to deal with historical data, can also account for comparative data as those discussed here, since French prepositions display several signs of a grammaticalization process, which their Spanish correspondants lack.
Le défini obligatoirement modifié
Authors: Buvet Pierre André
Published: November 2007

We study a determiner of French LE_MODIF when MODIF is obligatory and when it is not an adjective. We listed approximately 400 nouns which are compatible with this determination. We show how the semantic characterization of these nouns in terms of classes of objects can explain the different morphological and syntactical features of the constructions where they appear simultaneously with LE_MODIF.