bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct synthesis of highly stretchable ceramic nanofibrous aerogels via 3D reaction electrospinning
Authors: Cheng Xiaota , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: December 2021

Ceramic aerogels are attractive for many applications due to their ultralow density, high porosity, and multifunctionalities but are limited by the typical trade-off relationship between mechanical properties and thermal stability when used in extreme environments. In this work, we designed and synthesized a unique ceramic nanofibrous aerogels with three-dimensional (3D) interwoven crimped-nanofibre structures that endow the aerogels with superior mechanical performances and high thermal stability. These ceramic aerogels were synthesized by a direct and facile route, 3D reaction electrospinning. They displayed robust structural stability with structure-derived mechanical ultra-stretchability up to 100% tensile strain and superior restoring capacity up to 40% tensile strain, 95% bending strain and 60% compressive strain, high thermal stability from -196 to 1400°C, repeatable stretchability at working temperatures up to 1300 ℃, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0228 W m−1 K−1 in air. This work should enable the innovative design of high-performance ceramic aerogels for various applications.
Numerical Simulation of Pore Water Distribution Under Electric Field in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Liu Yimin , Xu Chuntai , Zhu Xiada
Published: December 2021

A numerical model predicting the moisture distribution under external electric field in unsaturated soils is established. Key parameters including matric potential, hydraulic and electrical permeability coefficient and electric conductivity are discussed. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data from literaturea, which verify exactness and suitability of the model. In general, the moisture contents decrease with time under the action of external electric force and matrix suction. A slight increase in moisture contert was observed in the anodic area at the beginning of the treatment. The electro-osmosis treatment effect can be enhanced by improving the voltage gradient or weaken the voltage loss at electrode. The limit value of electroosmosis treatment in moisture content is observed and the method can only be applied on the soil with moisture content higher than the limit value.
Emergence of within-host SARS-CoV-2 recombinant genome after coinfection by Gamma and Delta variants
Authors: Junior Ronaldo da Silva Francisco , de Almeida Luiz G P , Lamarca Alessandra P , Cavalcante Liliane , Martins Yasmmin , Gerber Alexandra L , Guimarães Ana Paula de C , Salviano Ricardo Barbosa , Santos Fernanda Leitão dos , de Oliveira Thiago Henrique , de Souza Isabelle Vasconcellos , de Carvalho Erika Martins , Ribeiro Mario Sergio , Carvalho Silvia , Silva Flávio Dias da , Garcia Marcio Henrique de Oliveira , de Souza Leandro Magalhães , Silva Cristiane Gomes Da , Ribeiro Caio Luiz Pereira , Cavalcanti Andréa Cony , de Mello Claudia Maria Braga , Tanuri Amilcar , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R
Published: December 2021

Since the first reports of patients coinfected by two genetically-distinct lineages of SARS-CoV-2, the scientific community raised concerns about the recombination of intra-host viral RNA sequences as a possible mechanism underlying the emergence of novel variants. Indeed, this phenomenon occurs at a relatively high frequency among betacoronaviruses. Nevertheless, the few existing studies about recombination between genetically-distinct lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are restricted to detect the inter-host dissemination of genomes post-recombination events. However, the high genomic similarity between the current co-circulating lineages challenges the identification of these events. Here, we report the first case of intra-host SARS-CoV-2 recombination during a coinfection by the variants of concern (VOC) AY.33 (Delta) and P.1 (Gamma) supported by sequencing reads harboring a mosaic of lineage-defining mutations. By using next-generation sequencing reads intersecting regions that simultaneously overlap lineage-defining mutations from Gamma and Delta, we were able to identify a total of six recombinant regions across the SARS-CoV-2 genome within a sample. Four of them mapped in the spike gene and two in the nucleocapsid gene. We detected mosaic reads harboring a combination of lineage-defining mutations from each VOC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intra-host RNA-RNA recombination between two lineages of SARS-CoV-2, which can represent a threat to public health management during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the possibility of the emergence of viruses with recombinant phenotypes.
A Data-Driven Framework to Predict Fused Filament Fabrication Part Properties Using Surrogate Models and Multi-Objective Optimisation
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Choi Joon Phil , Moon Seung Ki
Published: December 2021

In additive manufacturing (AM), due to large number of process parameters and multiple responses of interest, it is hard for AM designers to attain optimal part performance without a systematic approach. In this research, a data-driven framework is proposed to achieve the desired AM part performance and quality by predicting part properties and optimizing AM process parameters effectively and efficiently. The proposed framework encompasses efficient sampling of design space and establishing the initial experiment points. Based on established empirical data, surrogate models, are used to characterise influence of critical process parameters on responses on interest. Further, process maps can be generated for enhancing understanding on the influence of process parameters on responses of interests and AM process characteristics. Subsequently, multi-objective optimisation coupled with a multi criteria decision making technique is applied to determine an optimal design point, which maximises the identified responses of interest to meet the part functional requirements. A case study is used to validate the proposed framework for optimising an ULTEM™ 9085 fused filament fabrication part to meet its functional requirements of surface roughness and mechanical strength. From the case study, results indicate that the proposed approach is able to achieve good predictive results for responses of interest with a relatively small dataset. Further, process maps generated from the surrogate model provide a visual representation of the influence between responses of interest and critical process parameters for FFF process, which traditionally requires multiple investigations to arrive at similar conclusions.
Single-Pixel Imaging with Heralded Single Photons
Authors: Johnson Steven D , McMillan Alex , Torre Cyril , Frick Stefan , Rarity John , Padgett Miles J.
Published: December 2021

Traditional remote sensing applications are often based on pulsed laser illumination with a narrow linewidth and characteristic repetition rate, which are not conducive to covert operation. Whatever methods are employed for covert sensing, a key requirement is for the probe light to be indistinguishable from background illumination. We present a method to perform single-pixel imaging that suppresses the effect of background light and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio by using correlated photon-pairs produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion. One of the photons in the pair is used to illuminate the object whilst the other acts as a temporal reference, allowing the signal photons to be distinguished from background noise. This heralding method shows how the noise regime is key to producing higher contrast images.
A Functional Role of S100A4/Non-Muscle Myosin IIA Axis for Pro-Tumorigenic Vascular Functions in Glioblastoma
Authors: Inukai Madoca , Yokoi Ako , Ishizuka Yuuki , Hashimura Miki , Matsumoto Toshihide , Oguri Yasuko , Nakagawa Mayu , Ishibashi Yu , Ito Takashi , Kumabe Toshihiro , Saegusa Makoto
Published: December 2021

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has vascular-rich features. The S100A4/non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) axis contributes to aggressive phenotypes in a variety of human malignancies, but little is known about its involvement in GBM tumorigenesis. Herein, we examined the role of the S100A4/NMIIA axis during tumor progression and vasculogenesis in GBM
Methods
We performed immunohistochemistry for S100A4, NMIIA, and two hypoxic markers including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) in samples from 94 GBM cases. The functional impact of S100A4 knockdown and hypoxia were also assessed using a GBM cell line.
Results
In clinical GBM samples, overexpression of S100A4 and NMIIA was observed in both non-pseudopalisading (Ps) and Ps (-associated) perinecrotic lesions, consistent with stabilization of HIF-1α and CA9. CD34(+) microvascular densities (MVDs) and the interaction of S100A4 and NMIIA were significantly higher in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions compared to those in Ps perinecrotic areas. In non-Ps perinecrotic lesions, S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells were recruited to the surface of host preexisting vessels in the vascular-rich areas. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA expression was found in S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) GBM cells adjacent to the vascular-rich areas. In addition, GBM patients with high S100A4 protein expression had significantly worse OS and PFS than did patients with low S100A4 expression. Knockdown of S100A4 in the GBM cell line KS-1 decreased migration capability, concomitant with decreased Slug expression; the opposite effects were elicited by blebbistatin-dependent inhibition of NMIIA.
Conclusion
S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells are recruited to (and migrate along) preexisting vessels through inhibition of NMIIA activity. This is likely stimulated by extracellular VEGF that is released by S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) tumor cells in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions. In turn, these events engender tumor progression via acceleration of pro-tumorigenic vascular functions.
Efficient Sensings of Temperature, Refractive Index, and Distance Measurement using the Cubic-Nonlinear Optoelectronic Oscillators
Authors: Koualong Kevie Marlone Tchuissa , Mbe Jimmi Herve Talla , Tatietse Thomas Tamo
Published: December 2021

In this work, we use the cubic-nonlinear optoelectronic oscillator (CNOEO) in three different configurations to successfully perform the sensings of temperature, refractive index, and distance measurement with high
precision. From our results, the use of the CNOEO through the variation of the values of the cubic-nonlinear parameter increases the sensitivity of the different sensings and the measurement carried out compared to the results obtained with the standard OEO which is a particular CNOEO featuring a cubic-nonlinear parameter equal to zero.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Prebiotics and Pediococcus Acidilactici on Gut Health, Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Metabolome in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L) after Seawater Transfer
Authors: Dhanasiri Anusha K.S. , Torres Alexander Jaramillo , Chikwati Elvis M , Forberg Torunn , Krogdahl Åshild , Kortner Trond M
Published: December 2021

BackgroundGiven the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds aiming at modulating gut microbiota and inducing the anticipated beneficial effects. However, present understanding of the impact of such functional feeds on the fish is limited. The study reported herein was conducted to gain knowledge on performance and gut health characteristics in post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed diets varying in content of functional ingredients. Three experimental diets, a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a diet with a combination of FOS and Pediococcus acidilactici (BC) and a diet containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and BC, were used in a 10-weeks feeding trial. A commercial diet without functional ingredients was also included as a control/reference. Samples of blood plasma, mucosa and digesta were subjected to microbiome, transcriptome and metabolome profiling for evaluation of the diet effects. Results No significant growth differences were observed between fish fed the supplemented diets, but FOS-BC fed fish showed significantly higher growth than the control fed fish. The microbiome results showed that the BC was present in both the digesta and the mucosa samples of fish fed the FOS-BC and GOS-BC diets. Digesta-associated microbiota was altered, while mucosa-associated microbiota was relatively unaffected by diet. Replacing FOS with GOS increased the level of metabolites linked to phospholipid, fatty acid, carnitine and sphingolipid metabolism. Variation in metabolite levels between the treatments closely correlated with genera mainly belonging to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. The transcriptome analyses indicated diet effects of exchanging FOS with GOS on immune functions, oxidative defense and stress responses. No significant diet effect was observed on intestinal inflammation in the pyloric ceca or in the distal intestine, and no steatosis was observed in the pyloric ceaca. ConclusionsDietary supplementation with BC induced moderate effects on the microbiota of the digesta, while the effects of replacing FOS with GOS were more marked and was observed also for nutrient metabolism. Our data indicates therefore that the quality of a prebiotic may be of great importance for the effects of a probiotic on gut microbiota, function and health.
Computer Simulation of Optimal Lipped Polyethylene Liner Orientation Against Prosthetic Impingement
Authors: Hu Yi , Zhou Xianhao , Qiao Hua , Zhu Zhenan , Li Huiwu , Zhang Jingwei
Published: December 2021

Background: Lipped or elevated acetabular liners are to improve posterior stability and are widely used in hip arthroplasty. However, concerns of increasing impingement exist when using such liners and optimal orientation of the elevated rim remains unknown. We aimed to identify the impact of lipped liner on the range of motion (ROM) before impingement and propose its optimal orientation.Methods: An isochoric three-dimensional model of a general hip-replacement prosthesis was generated and flex-extension, add-abduction, axial rotation was simulated on a computer. The maximum ROM of the hip was measured before the neck impinged on the liner. Different combinations of acetabular anteversion angles ranging from 5 to 30 degrees and lipped liner orientations from posterior to anterior were tested. Results: When acetabular anteversion was 10 or 15 degrees, placing the lip of the liner in the posterosuperior of the acetabulum allowed satisfactory ROM in all directions. When acetabular anteversion was 20 degrees, extension and external rotation were restricted. Adjusting the lip to the superior restored satisfactory ROM. When acetabular anteversion was 25 degrees, only placing the lip into the antero-superior could increase extension and external rotation to maintain satisfactory ROM.Conclusions: This study showed that optimal lipped liner orientation should be depend on acetabular anteversion. When acetabular anteversion was smaller than 20 degrees, placing lip in the posterior allowed an optimally ROM. When acetabular anteversion was greater than 20 degrees, adjusting lip to the anterior allowed a comprehensive larger ROM to avoid early impingement.
Evolution of Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana on Siliceous Soils Does Not Convey Tolerance to Saline Calcareous Soils
Authors: Pérez-Martín Laura , Busoms Silvia , Almira Maria Jose , Azagury Nicole , Terés Joana , Tolrà Roser , Poschenrieder Charlotte , Barcelo Juan
Published: December 2021

Purpose Alkaline salinity constrains crop yield. Previously, we found local adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana demes to saline-siliceous soils (pH≤7) and to non-saline carbonate soils. However, any natural population of A. thaliana was localized on saline-alkaline soils. This suggests that salinity tolerance evolved on saline-siliceous soils may not confer tolerance to alkaline salinity. This hypothesis was explored by addressing physiological and molecular responses to saline-alkaline conditions of A. thaliana demes differing in salinity and carbonate tolerance.Methods A. thaliana native to saline-siliceous soils (G3), to non-saline carbonate soils (G1), or to soils with intermediate levels of these factors (G2) were cultivated in common gardens on saline-siliceous or saline-calcareous substrate. Hydroponics and irrigation experiments confirmed the phenotypes. Growth, mineral concentrations, genome differences, and expression of candidate genes were assessed in the different groups.Results G3 performed best on saline-siliceous soil and in hydroponics with salinity (pH 5.9). However, G3 was more sensitive to saline-alkaline conditions than G1 and G2. Fitness under saline-alkaline conditions was G2 > G1>G3 and G2 best maintained ion homeostasis under alkaline salinity. Whole genome scan did not differentiate among the groups, while distinctive patterns for FRO2, NINJA, and CCB4 were found and confirmed by qPCR.Conclusion In A. thaliana, salinity tolerance evolved on saline-siliceous soils does not provide tolerance to alkaline salinity. Plants from soils with intermediate conditions (G2) have more plasticity to adapt to alkaline salinity than those locally adapted to these individual stress factors. Higher expression of NINJA and CCB4 may contribute to this better adaptation.
Degeneration of Solitons for a the (3+1)-dimensional Generalized Nonlinear Evolution Equation for the Shallow Water Waves
Authors: li longxing , Li Long-Xing
Published: December 2021

A the (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution equation for the shallow water waves is investigated with different methods. Based on symbolic computation and Hirota bilinear form, Nsoliton solutions are constructed. In the process of degeneration of N-soliton solutions, T-breathers are derived by taking complexication method. Then rogue waves will emerge during the degeneration of breathers by taking the parameter limit method. Through full degeneration of N-soliton, M-lump solutions are derived based on long wave limit approach. In addition, we also find out that the partial degeneration of N-soliton process can generate the hybrid solutions composed of soliton, breather and lump.
Therapeutic strategies and challenges in the management of craniospinal tumours in pregnancy: a 10-year retrospective tertiary centre study, systematic review, and proposal of treatment algorithms
Authors: Ghimire Prajwal , Pang Graeme , Philip Jerry , Hazem Sally , Rajwani Kapil , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Grahovac Gordon , Bleil Cristina , Thomas Nicholas , Gullan Richard , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate therapeutic strategies in the management of craniospinal tumours in pregnant patients and the factors that influence the management along with their influence on maternal & foetal outcomes. Materials and Methods:A retrospective single-centre cohort study was performed at a tertiary neurosurgical referral centre. Pregnant patients referred to neuro-oncology multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) with craniospinal tumour were included. Ten-year patient data were collected from hospital records and neuro-oncology MDM outcomes. A systematic review was performed on the available literature in PubMed as per PRISMA guidelines. Results:Thirty-three patients were identified with a mean age of 31 years. 91%(n=30) had cranial lesions and 9%(n=3) had spinal lesions. Most of the patients had WHO Grade I/II tumours. 33.3% underwent surgery when pregnant whilst in 24.2% this was deferred until after the due date. 27.2% patients did not require surgical intervention and were followed up with serial imaging in the MDM. Left Lateral/park bench position was the preferred position for the spinal and posterior fossa lesions. Systematic review identified 26 eligible articles. Treatment algorithms are proposed addressing the therapeutic strategy for management of cranio-spinal tumours during pregnancy and the challenges for maternal and foetal outcomes were tabulated. Conclusions:Craniospinal tumours presenting in pregnancy are challenging. The surgical management needs to be tailored individually and as part of a multidisciplinary team approach. Maternal and foetal outcomes are to be considered during patient counselling.
Environmental protection and pollution prevention: What determines the intention of tea farmers’ ecosystem construction
Authors: ShaLou  , Zhang Bingru , Zhang Dehua
Published: December 2021

Pesticide is inevitable in the process of tea production. Residual chemical pesticides absorbed by human body and soil will pose a great threat to human health. The construction of tea garden ecosystem that uses the principle of mutual restriction between species can effectively reduce the number of pests and the dependence on pesticides. In order to improve the adoption and attention of green production among farmers, the government strongly supports rural financial institutions to lend to farmers and encourages resources to be inclined to farmers. The aim of this study was to find out what factors affect the intention of tea farmers’ ecosystem construction and the differences of influence on intention of Chinese tea farmers' ecosystem construction under different financing modes. The results of the empirical research showed that the attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms of tea farmers have a significant positive impact on the behavioral intention. And for tea farmers who get bank financing, the influencing intensity and significance of factors are different from those who obtain private credit. This study provided a theoretical basis for government to promote the development of ecosystem construction in the agricultural section, and put forward suggestions for financial institutions to serve environmental protection.
Perceptions of Healthcare Professionals on Covid-19 in Lesotho: a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Nyangu Isabel , Ramathebane Maseabata
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHealth care professionals at the frontline of the Covid-19 pandemic require continued support to ensure not only their well-being, but enhanced care for those infected by the disease.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of health care providers regarding the Covid-19 pandemic in Lesotho. MethodologyA quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a sample of 190 health care workers who were conveniently sampled from a total of 25 health care facilities (12 hospitals and 13 health center clinics). The sample included nurses, doctors, pharmacists, laboratory scientists/ technicians, dentists, counsellors, and administrative assistants. A total of 255 structured questionnaires were distributed and 190 of them were returned completed (75% response rate). Data were collected in September 2021 and analyzed using SPSS (vs23). Permission to conduct this study was granted by the relevant authorities. Informed written consent was given by the participants in writing before they could take part in this study.ResultsThe level of education was found to be associated with positive perceptions of the respondents on the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents generally had positive views about the Covid-19 pandemic. Their views were positive as they understood that Covid-19 can affect anyone including themselves and is not a disease for any particular race. They were also aware that they could contract Covid-19, even despite pre-existing conditions. Respondents perceived that there was a positive prognosis after contracting Covid-19 if necessary precautions were taken. They had positive perceptions as they knew that the virus was affecting many people worldwide, including the elderly, and were willing to take the test and did not mind having to pay for it if asked to do so. Even though the Covid-19 test was viewed not to take too much time, respondents felt that it is rather painful and uncomfortable. The test providers were perceived as friendly and not rude, and respondents did not have any preferred gender for the test providers. Respondents were also willing to discuss issues on Covid-19 with families and friends. Majority of the respondents lived close to health care facilities.ConclusionsThis study concludes that health care providers at the frontline were mostly nurses. Positive perceptions about the Covid-19 pandemic in Lesotho were found as respondents were knowledgeable, and were willing to test for the disease. Test providers were viewed as pleasant and health care facilities were accessible. This shows positive progress towards fighting the pandemic in Lesotho.RecommendationsSupport for frontline healthcare professionals remains crucial to ensure effective service delivery. More education can be provided to improve the general views about the Covid-19 to improve uptake of services not only amongst healthcare professionals but the general public as well.
Bilateral Basal Ganglia Infarction and Bilateral Thalamic Lesions in Sudanese Pediatric Patient with COVID-19 and Malaria Co-Infection, a Case Report
Authors: Abdelrahim Abdalla Yassin , Shaban Mohannad Abdalfdeel Almahie , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Haroun Mazin S. , Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadelallah , Eltom Khalid Sidahmed , Elhassan Rasha Sidahmed
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is of uncommon diagnosis in pediatric with their presentation in much of time of a nonspecific entity; here we experienced a case of two years old female with Malaria presented with fever, cough, rhinorrhea, hemoptysis and convulsion diagnosed as COVID-19, complicated with encephalitis, received treatment and improved over weeks.
The Spectrum of Children's Kidney Diseases—2403 Renal Biopsy-Proven Cases from a Single Centre in China Between 1999 and 2019
Authors: Jiang Li-Jun , Rong Zan-Hua , Zhao Xue , Dou Zhi-Yan , Yang Lin
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and the changes in glomerular diseases in 2403 pediatric renal biopsies from 1999 to 2019.Methods: Renal biopsies performed on children aged ≤18 years between 1999 and 2019 were analysed at our center. We analysed the clinical and histological characteristics, distribution of pediatric glomerular diseases with various clinical presentations, and changes in the glomerular disease patterns during the study period.Results: The most common primary glomerular disease was IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (24.3%), followed by minimal change disease (MCD) (15.3%) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) (13.1%). Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) (18.1%) and lupus nephritis (LN) (7.2%) were the most frequently recorded secondary glomerular diseases. Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) were the most common inherited glomerular diseases, accounting for 1.2% and 0.6% of the total glomerular diseases in children, respectively. The number of boys with IgAN, MCD and IgM nephropathy (IgMN) was higher than that of girls, while the number of girls with MN and LN was higher than that of boys. The frequencies of MCD, MN, IgMN and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (EnPGN) in the 13-18-year-old group were higher than those in the 0-12-year-old group, while the frequencies of IgAN, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (FPGN) were lower than those in the 0-12-year-old group. The ratio of Alport syndrome and TBMN in the 0-12-year-old group was higher than that in the 13-18-year-old group. The proportion of patients with MCD and MN in 2010-2019 was higher than that in 1999-2009, while the ratio of IgAN, MsPGN, IgMN, EnPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), HSPN and HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) decreased. MCD (28.5%) was the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS). In children with haematuria and proteinuria, HSPN (38.8%) and IgAN (36.9%) were more common than other glomerular diseases. IgAN (39.4%) was the most common cause of AKI. Sclerosing glomerulonephritis (SGN) (21.1%) was the main cause of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD).Conclusions: Glomerular diseases in children were related to sex and age. From 1999 to 2019, the spectrum of children's kidney disease in our center changed significantly.
Construction and Empirical Analysis of Citizens' Water Literacy Evaluation Index System: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: KANG TIAN
Published: December 2021

This study draws on the existing water literacy evaluation system and the weight of each indicator to construct a three-dimensional theoretical analysis framework of water knowledge, water attitude, and water behaviour. Based on the constructed evaluation index system, research hypotheses were proposed, questionnaires designed, and areas of Beijing, Zhengzhou, Hechi, Qingtongxia selected for investigation. According to the constructed structural equation model of citizen water literacy, the influence degree of the influence factors of citizen water literacy evaluation on the path is discussed. The coefficient of the influence degree of each factor on water literacy is obtained. The research results show that: 1) water knowledge has a positive and significant influence on water attitude; 2) water attitude has a positive and significant impact on water behaviour; 3) water behaviour has a positive and significant impact on water literacy. 4) The following two hypotheses, that water knowledge has a positive and significant effect on water behaviour, and water attitude has a positive and significant effect on water literacy, are shown not to hold. The research conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the water sector to formulate relevant policies to improve water literacy.
The Measurements of Frailty and Their Possible Application to Spinal Conditions. A Systematic Review
Authors: Moskven Eryck , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Flexman Alana M. , Street John T.
Published: December 2021

Background: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of postoperative adverse events (AEs) within the surgical spine population. Multiple frailty tools have been reported in the surgical spine literature. However, the applicability of these tools remains unclear. The primary objective of this systematic review is to appraise the construct, feasibility, objectivity, and clinimetric properties of frailty tools reported in the surgical spine literature. Secondary objectives included determining the applicability and the most sensitive surgical spine population for each tool. Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019109045. Publications from January 1950 to December 2020 were identified by a comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane, supplemented by manual screening. Studies reporting and validating a frailty tool in the surgical spine population with a measurable outcome were included. Each tool and its respective clinimetric properties were evaluated using validated criteria and definitions. The applicability of each tool and its most sensitive surgical spine population was determined by panel consensus. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: 47 studies were included in the final qualitative analysis. A total of 14 separate frailty tools were identified, in which nine tools assessed frailty according to the cumulative deficit definition, while four instruments utilized phenotypic or weighted frailty models. One instrument assessed frailty according to the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) model. Twelve measures were validated as risk stratification tools for predicting postoperative AEs, while one tool investigated the effect of spine surgery on postoperative frailty trajectory. The modified frailty index (mFI), 5-item mFI, adult spinal deformity frailty index (ASD-FI), FRAIL Scale, and CGA had the most positive ratings for clinimetric properties assessed. Conclusions: The assessment of frailty is important in the surgical decision-making process. Cumulative deficit and weighted frailty instruments are appropriate risk stratification tools. Phenotypic tools are sensitive for capturing the relationship between spinal pathology, spine surgery, and prehabilitation on frailty trajectory. CGA instruments are appropriate screening tools for identifying health deficits susceptible to improvement and guiding optimization strategies. Studies are needed to determine whether spine surgery and prehabilitation are effective interventions to reverse frailty.
SNP-Based Breeding for Broiler Resistance to Ascites and Evaluation of Correlated Production Traits
Authors: Lee Katie Pepper , Anthony Nicholas B , Orlowski Sara K , Rhoads Douglas
Published: December 2021

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broiler chickens using previously mapped gene regions associated with ascites syndrome incidence. The second-generation MAS products were assessed for impact on ascites phenotype and whether there were associated changes in important production traits. Previously, we used whole genome resequencing (WGR) to fine-map 28 chromosomal regions as associated with ascites phenotype in our experimental ascites broiler line (Relaxed, REL) based on a hypobaric chamber challenge. Genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mapped regions on chromosomes 2 and 22, were used for MAS in our REL line. After two generations, birds homozygous for the genotypes associated with resistance for both chromosomal regions were established. The MAS F 2 generation was then compared to the REL line for ascites susceptibility and 25 production traits. Results: Selection based on SNPs in the carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ, Gga2) and leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 4 (LRRTM4, Gga22) gene regions resulted in a sex- and simulated altitude- dependent reduction of ascites incidence in two F 2 cohorts of the MAS line. Comparisons of the F 2 MAS and REL lines for production traits when reared at ambient pressure found no significant negative impacts for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or deboned part yields for either sex for two F 2 cohorts. There were, however, improvements in the MAS for full-trial body weight gain (BWG), FCR, absolute and relative tender weights, and relative drumstick weight. Conclusions: These results validate the mapping of the 28 chromosomal regions and demonstrate that fine mapping by WGR is an effective strategy for addressing a complex trait; it also stands as the first successful SNP-based selection program against a complex disease trait, such as ascites. The MAS line is comparable and, in some instances, superior, in growth performance to the REL control while being more resistant to ascites. This study indicates that MAS based on WGR can provide significant breeding potential in agricultural systems.
Detection of structural variations and fusion genes in breast cancer samples using third-generation sequencing
Authors: Hu Taobo , Li Jingjing , Long Mengping , Wu Jinbo , Zhang Zhen , Xie Fei , Zhao Jin , Yang Houpu , Song Qianqian , Lian Shen , Shi Jiandong , Guo Xueyu , Yuan Daoli , Lang Dandan , Yu Guoliang , Liang Baosheng , Zhou Xiaohua , Ishibashi Toyotaka , Fan Xiaodan , Yu Weichuan , Wang Depeng , Wang Yang , Peng I-Feng , Wang Shu
Published: December 2021

Background: Structural variations (SVs) are common genetic alterations in the human genome that could cause different phenotypes and various diseases including cancer. However, the detection of structural variations using the second-generation sequencing was limited by its short read-length which in turn restrained our understanding of structural variations. Methods: In this study, we developed a 28-gene panel for long-read sequencing and employed it to both Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences platforms. We analyzed structural variations in the 28 breast cancer-related genes through long-read genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of tumor, para-tumor and blood samples in 19 breast cancer patients. Results: Our results showed that some somatic SVs were recurring among the selected genes, though the majority of them occurred in the non-exonic region. We found evidence supporting the existence of hotspot regions for SVs, which extended our previous understanding that they exist only for single nucleotide variations. Conclusions: In conclusion, we employed long-read genomic and transcriptomic sequencing in identifying SVs from breast cancer patients and proved that this approach holds great potential in clinical application.
Distance learning and the development of speaking skills: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fazio Alessandra , Cremasco Claudia
Published: December 2021

Based on data from the GRAAL group's questionnaire on remote teaching, caused by the Covid-19 emergency as reported in Conti (2021), oral production practice was neglected by both high school and college students. The aim of this paper is to reflect on how to promote and sustain speaking from the beginning of the language learning process, during in-person, remote and/or hybrid teaching. The framework presented indicates task-based language teaching (TBLT) as an effective approach to help learners participate in successful communication. The paper provides: 1. an overview of current literature on the subject; 2. applicable examples integrated with Flipgrid; 3. data analysis of students’ performance.
Environmental and legal policy: modern approaches to formation
Authors: Getman Anatolii P. , Anisimova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article considers environmental law policy as a component, an independent type of national legal policy, as well as state and sectoral environmental policy. The existence of correlative, mutual influence of ecological and legal doctrine on formation of the corresponding policy is proved. It is substantiated that the ecological and legal legal doctrine significantly influences the current state of the state ecological policy (and this influence is mutual), formation of the ecological legislation and integration of Ukraine into the European legal space. It was stated that Ukraine first of all needs to intensify law-making, modernize the provisions of the environmental and legal doctrine, based on the concepts of which will be revised, updated provisions of public policy, legal understanding, and hence law enforcement. Further institutionalization of the basic provisions of the ecological and legal doctrine in the legislation becomes a necessary condition for the further development of law-making and statehood.

It is emphasized that the use of environmental and legal doctrine will speed up the law-making process, in particular due to the adaptation of regulations to European standards; formulate legislative definitions that will gradually become an important part of environmental regulations; develop a "road map" for the development of environmental policy and legislation, etc.

It is emphasized that the current state of the legal system requires a fuller use of the law-making potential of environmental law doctrine and the implementation of its main functions - stabilizing, guiding, heuristic, rule-making, evaluative and prognostic. Therefore, it is expedient to apply the ecological and legal doctrine as a methodological platform of the ecological and legal policy. The necessity of developing concepts of systematization of the ecological legislation, and also legal policy is proved.
Simbolismo de la Edad del Bronce en la Meseta oriental: un depósito cerámico con Arte Pospaleolítico en la cueva del Cojillo (Checa, Guadalajara)
Authors: Aragoncillo Javier , Triguero Ignacio
Published: December 2021

Se presentan los primeros trabajos arqueológicos efectuados en la cueva del Cojillo (Checa, Guadalajara). Durante la intervención se extrajo un depósito cerámico in situ cuyo contenido ha aportado una fecha C14 que permite situarlo en el Bronce final. Asimismo, la cavidad contiene grafías que, por su carácter técnico y temático, se aproximan al Arte Pospaleolítico en cueva de la Submeseta norte. Las estribaciones occidentales del sistema Ibérico sufren, durante el Bronce final, profundos cambios culturales que sitúan este yacimiento en un momento clave. Una de sus consecuencias es el abandono de cavidades para usos habitacionales o simbólicos. La cueva del Cojillo apunta hacia una perduración de prácticas enraizadas en el Bronce durante el final del II milenio a.C. Se ofrece un registro pormenorizado del depósito y los paneles, una reevaluación de la extensión de este horizonte gráfico y una aproximación a la significación del conjunto.
Los objetos elaborados con fibras vegetales del Neolítico Antiguo de Coves del Fem, Ulldemolins (Tarragona)
Authors: Romero-Brugués Susagna , Herrero-Otal Maria , Piqué Raquel , Rosillo Rafel , Terradas Xavier , López-Bultó Oriol , Berrocal-Barberà Anna , Palomo Antoni
Published: December 2021

Los objetos manufacturados con materias orgánicas raramente se conservan excepto bajo condiciones ambientales específicas, ya sea en medios de sequedad constante, en contextos anaeróbicos sumergidos, bajo congelación o por carbonización. Por ello, las técnicas de cestería y cordelería, así como las materias primas utilizadas están escasamente documentadas en el registro arqueológico del Neolítico peninsular. Se aporta aquí nueva información acerca de las técnicas cesteras y de cordelería, así como de las materias primas utilizadas en Coves del Fem (Ulldemolins, Tarragona). Estos restos fueron recuperados en una fosa adscribible al Neolítico antiguo. La cestería estudiada se encuentra manufacturada a través de la técnica de espiral cosida, mientras que en el caso de la cordelería se trata de un único fragmento torsionado. Se discute su funcionalidad en un contexto de hábitat en cueva, así como su tecnología y materias primas usadas, contextualizándolos con otros ejemplos de cestería de espiral cosida de la península ibérica.
Spaces of Care and Graphic Medicine
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Trichy. Corresponding Author, Venkatesan Sathyaraj , A Livine Ancy ,   Research Scholar, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Trichy
Published: December 2021

While there are several studies that focus on care settings in relation to verbal narratives, only a few studies have paid attention to how comics in general, and graphic medicine in particular, engage critical care environments and settings. Drawing strengths from the underground and alternative comics and capitalizing on health humanities, graphic medicine, a recent development in the comics genre, concentrates on the issues related to health, illness, and care. Coined by Ian Williams in 2007, graphic medicine refers to the intersection of comics and concerns of healthcare. Graphic medicine has always engaged informal, formal, and biomedical caregiving settings. Against this backdrop, the present article, drawing on relevant theoretical debates on spatial studies and care, examines Stan Mack’s Janet& Me (2004), Joyce Farmer’s Special Exits (2014), and Sarah Leavitt’s Tangles (2012). In so doing, the article seeks to delineate care facilities (family, hospitals, among others) and their impact on patients.
US Flood risk management in changing times
Authors: Baecher Gregory B. , Galloway Gerald E.
Published: December 2021

The traditional regulatory and policy approach to flood risk in the US has been the optimization of benefits and costs, broadly mandated by federal policy. However, optimization may not be the best approach to flood risk management in light of the deep uncertainties we now face. A more incremental approach using a satisficing strategy may be. Flood risk is a function of the hydrologic factors that produce a hazard and the consequences of the hazard interfacing with the people and property exposed. Regretfully, both hydrologists and climatologists seem unable to provide the clairvoyant guidance needed by the water community facing major decisions on flood risk management in the coming years. As the seminal ‘Red Book’ noted, two things have become second nature to policy analysts and risk managers: absolute safety is unachievable, and it is necessary to distinguish between science and policy. The forcing elements and largest unknowns in determining risk rest with understanding the hydrologic factors involved in shaping the hazard.
The centrality of engineering codes and risk-based design standards in climate adaptation strategies
Authors: Stakhiv Eugene Z.
Published: December 2021

Engineering codes, design standards and analytical criteria for hydraulic structures are the final determinative specifications for designing and constructing a water resources project. As such, they are the authoritative and legally accepted standards for project design and construction. Engineering codes and standards are developed to optimize public safety and performance by focusing on structural reliability, which includes a wide range of extreme conditions that encompass most contemporary climate uncertainties, and which are likely to overlap some portion of future climate non-stationary conditions. Current practices of risk-based planning and design standards have evolved incrementally, responding to each catastrophic natural disaster, whether it is geotechnical, floods, droughts or hurricanes. Design standards and building codes encompass an accumulation of changes that progressively reflect changing climate conditions, most notably because they focus on climate extremes. Design standards and embedded ‘safety factors’ that are based on extremes are likely to encompass a good deal of an anticipated non-stationary climate regime and its associated uncertainties. Modern risk analysis methods and risk-based standards, codes and methods comprise an important part of a progressive autonomous adaptation to climate change. They represent an essential component of ‘no regrets’ climate adaptation.
Sustainable logistic plan for the dynamic distribution of massive mining waste
Authors: Pérez Marcelo , Estay Rodrigo , Encina Víctor
Published: December 2021

In mining, the decrease in the quality of grades has led to further deepening of the existing deposits, determining the existence of a greater quantity of waste, increasing the probability of contact between the waste and the environment, communities and productive soils. For this reason, we propose new logistics to organize mining spaces, using multi–criteria evaluation techniques, risk assessment and the integration of spatial data within the geographic information system (GIS) to determine the optimal locations of industrial mining waste deposits. These optimal locations consider multiple factors such as geological, physical, territorial and environmental characteristics, soil quality and profitability. We also define a sustainable logistic plan for the dynamic distribution of waste using cellular automata, evaluating the interaction of a determined rhythm of waste production, with the dynamic variable of the wind. In conclusion, we have created a new methodology of systematic vision for the planning and territorial ordering of future mining projects.
Regulations, risk management and experience about tailings dams in Chile
Authors: Zandarín Iragorre Maria Teresa
Published: December 2021

Chile is the biggest copper producer in the world, the production of fine copper in 2018 was approximately 5.5 Mton and it is estimated that in 2025, 7.2 Mton of copper will be produced. This production, added to copper grades of less than 1%, causes 99% of the material that is processed to become mine waste such as tailings storage, heap leach pads and rubble deposits. Tailings are classified as high risk environmental waste, and these tailings are also located in a country of high seismicity. Due to this, Chile has a regulatory framework that allowed the improvement of the standards in the design, construction and operations of tailings deposits based on the know-how about the behaviour of these structures. Currently, a risk management system is being implemented to identify the risks and take decisions and actions to ensure the physical and chemical stability of these different types of storage. This article describes the Chilean experience about the behaviour of tailings storage under high magnitude seismic events. A summary about the regulatory framework and the recently implemented risk management is also presented.