bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaching and Implementing Civic Education Pedagogies and Engagement Values in the Moroccan Classrooms: Gender-Based Perspectives
Authors: Mechouat Karima
Published: April 2017

Civic education and engagement in Morocco faces many obstacles which make any step towards democratization commitment a hard process. In the present paper, the urgent need to incorporate civic education values in the teaching/learning process in all disciplines in general and within the EFL classrooms in particular will be addressed, along with the effective pedagogies, techniques and the concrete strategies that can be deployed to ensure an efficient reinforcement of engagement values in the Moroccan school. The rationale behind the teaching of civic education is that the basic principles of this field, such as democracy, human rights, gender mainstreaming as well as freedom of speech are closely related to our teaching career. As an attempt to reflect my personal perspectives and the needs of our teacher trainees in our English department, three primary questions will be addressed: 1-To What End/Why? 2- What? 3- By What Means/How? These questions will attempt to offer a better understanding of the problem, approach civic engagement with a gender lens, and provide insights to the integration of civic education pedagogies in the Moroccan classrooms. As the study reveals, to ensure a rewarding implementation of the civics program and an efficient reinforcement of engagement and gendersensitive values, teacher educators, teacher trainees and all teacher practitioners should be familiar with the available resources and content relevant to civic-oriented education. Indeed, without educating the student community the most vital component of society- on these principles and practices, the process will remain slow, vulnerable and unsustainable.
Changes in the Livestock of Hungarian Pig Farming and its Position in International Trade (Part II)
Authors: Rajcsanyi Vinklerne Klara
Published: April 2017

The present paper aims to describe the dire conditions of the Hungarian pig farming sector struggling on the one hand with fluctuating fodder prices and the unpredictable conditions of production resulting in high overheads on the other. A direct consequence of the above is a perpetually nagging liquidity problem which slows down planned developments. Some pig farming ventures believe that strict hygiene regulations and high fodder prices render animal farming unprofitable and decide to stop pig farming altogether. According to some of the actors in the sector the pig industry is in a fatal state. It causes a problem for the domestic meat processes plants that are forced to import a significant proportion of their raw material. Another acute and constant problem for the industry is the access to loan capital, especially because they are unable to provide the collateral normally required by credit institutions from companies applying for credit. A new categorisation might help to solve this problem making capitalisation of agrarian producers easier by granting preferential treatment to investorslike regional , venture capital group sand the so-called business angels, without the businesses losing their entrepreneur status(Vinkler, 2006). In the first part it was presented the 2004-2013 period, the details of the pig industry and the situation of the pig population changes. In the second part the structure and evolution of the foreign trade situation of the Hungarian pork pig industry is presented.
Public Policy Analysis of Health System in Conditions of the Greek Economic Crisis
Authors: Farantos Georgios I. , Koutsoukis Nikitas Spiros
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study is to provide a literature overview of the Public Policy Analysis of the Greek Health System during the Economic Crisis, so that the generated knowledge can be used in Doctoral studies. The research methodology extends to the literature overview of valid Greek and international literature. The Findings of the study include summarising and categorising information related to the categories of public policies and those involved in policy making. Studies on policy changes in conditions of an economic crisis are reviewed. The Policy Change in the Greek Health System during the economic crisis is studied and placed within a pre-existing framework for classification of health system policies. Study limitation. The study specialises in the policy of the Greek Health System during the Economic Crisis and cannot be generalised as such for health systems of other countries. The studys practical applications are that it may constitute a useful literature review for students who want to study the Policy of the Greek Health System during the Economic Crisis and it also leaves room for further future study of this field. Value. The present study is an innovative research, it is a source of collected information and offers practical help in the study of the field.
Estudio Descriptivo De La Autonomía Motivacional En El Alumnado De Educación Secundaria De La Provincia De Benguela (Angola)
Authors: Ferreira José Francisco , Reche María Pilar Cáceres , Cabrera Arturo Fuentes
Published: April 2017

The study of motivation has a very important role in understanding of school success. The teachers and the education of parents and tutors are the key elements that influence the motivational dynamics for student learning, which is a crucial aspect to self-regulate the learning process in a positive way. This research aims to analyze the influence of the school context on the development of the motivational autonomy of Secondary Education students in the municipality of Baía Farta, Benguela province, Angola. For this purpose, a quantitative descriptive methodology was developed through a Likert scale questionnaire administered to teachers and students. The total sample of the study consisted of 650 students (60.1% men and 39.9% women) and 72 teachers (54.2% men and 45.8% women). The main results point to the commitment and active participation of students through motivational strategies that are implemented through the activities planned by the school. Creating a supportive environment for the student to be motivated requires the development of a role of the guiding teacher, guide and support in the teaching and learning process, as opposed to a traditional conception of teaching more closed and hierarchical.
Cuando la tragedia se hace historia y la historia tragedia
Authors: Bañuls Oller José Vicente
Published: April 2017

Desde la perspectiva del destino, entendido como el resultado de la relación dialéctica entre la acción del ser humano y las fuerzas y condicionantes del marco en el que éste actúa, se aborda la forma que presenta en los tres grandes trágicos griegos y su motivación, así como su evolución en una interacción entre el tragediógrafo y la situación de la polis atenienses, estableciéndose un parangón con la historia del mundo griego en el s. V y sus consecuencias posteriores. Los tres grandes trágicos griegos dramatizaron a través del destino individual el destino colectivo del pueblo ateniense.
Fundamentos para un 'Diccionario Hispánico de la Tradición Clásica'
Authors: García Jurado Francisco , Mariscal de Gante Centeno Carlos
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo pretende establecer la base de lo que en un futuro será el Diccionario Hispánico de la Tradición Clásica (dhtc). Las entradas de este diccionario se llevarán a cabo a partir de dos criterios: (a) conceptos y métodos fundamentales de la Tradición Clásica, desde el positivismo inicial hasta las nuevas teorías sobre el texto, y (b) nombres propios de modernos estudiosos que han dado lugar a su historia y desarrollo.
Contribuição ao estudo sobre as relações entre o colonialismo e a Antropologia Social
Authors: Neves Zanoni
Published: April 2017

Este artigo é uma breve contribuição ao estudo sobre as relações entre o colonialismo e a Antropologia Social em suas origens. Os antropólogos contribuíram para o treinamento de agentes e funcionários coloniais, mas certamente o ensino do conhecimento antropológico evitou traumas coletivos nos contatos entre os colonos e os nativos. Richard Francis Burton trabalhou como agente do Império Britânico, mas legou preciosos relatos de viagens para as Ciências Humanas e Ambientais.
Manufaturas de tabaco: definição de uma tipologia arquitetônica e suas influências
Authors: Mota Luciana Guerra Santos , Machado Lis Figueiredo Souza Venancio Lopes
Published: April 2017

O texto mostra o resultado de uma investigação acerca das tipologias arquitetônicas das manufaturas de fumo, visando estabelecer relações entre os edifícios analisados. O trabalho incorpora um levantamento de antigas fábricas de tabaco nacionais e internacionais encontrados, envolvendo dados históricos e físicos dos edifícios, como demolições, intervenções, restaurações, entre outros aspectos à que as antigas construções foram submetidas. Os dados foram obtidos através de artigos, livros e internet. A partir da organização dos dados em fichas, foi possível fazer comparações entre os edifícios estudados, retratando assim as principais características e influências da tipologia internacional às manufaturas de tabaco do Brasil. O resultado final aqui apresentado visa dar subsídios às futuras intervenções em edifícios da mesma tipologia.
Le capitalisme et la honte
Authors: Bernard David , Levy Alexandre
Published: April 2017

Il sera ici question des rapports du discours capitaliste à l’affect de honte. Pour cela, nous déplierons d’abord la logique de ce discours. D’abord ce qu’il promet aux sujets d’aujourd’hui sur le plan de la jouissance. Mais aussi ce par quoi il promet, le pouvoir des slogans. Enfin ce à quoi il satisfait chez les sujets. Après quoi, dans un croisement des analyses de Jacques Lacan et du philosophe Günter Anders, nous questionnerons une forme nouvelle de la honte.
Ruínas, duração e patrimonialidade
Authors: Miranda Cybelle Salvador
Published: April 2017

A construção do conceito de patrimônio na cultura contemporânea nos convida a uma reflexão sobre os contextos de recepção dos bens a serem preservados. Neste panorama, as ruínas assumem significados distintos, acentuando a disparidade entre as noções de duração e o papel do patrimônio edificado para a constituição das singularidades locais. Considerando as ruínas como fenômenos característicos da modernidade, arquiteturas da Belém histórica dialogam com outros artefatos no Brasil e em Portugal para fazer pensar no sentido antropológico da duração
O encontro entre humanos, cães, ruas e arte: aproximações e experimentações conceituais
Authors: Gonçalves Michele Fernandes , Godoy Ana
Published: April 2017

Este artigo propõe aproximações e experimentações conceituais a respeito do encontro entre humanos, cães e ruas. Explora-se a potência das relações que podem se estabelecer entre estes entes, no espaço público urbano, quando eles se encontram entre si através da arte. O objetivo, a partir do esgotamento do pensamento e da abertura à sensibilidade mediada pela arte, é provocar reflexões acerca das ordens discursivas que atualmente impõe-se aos entes de uma forma geral – e especificamente aos cães “abandonados” –, problematizar e redimensionar as relações entre eles e de todos com o habitar, e (des)identificar os cães “de rua” de categorias marginalizantes como a do abandono. A metodologia consiste de pesquisa bibliográfica abarcando autores contemporâneos dos campos da antropologia, da filosofia, da psicanálise e das artes
O lado nordestino da cidade de Sorriso: o lado maldito segundo a posição-sujeito sulista
Authors: Almeida Terezinha Ferreira de , Cox Maria Inês Pagliarini
Published: April 2017

Neste estudo, propõe-se analisar dizeres que se repetem acerca da divisão do corpo social urbano de Sorriso-MT pela BR163 em lado de “cá” e lado de “lá”, em lado dos sulistas e lado dos nordestinos respectivamente. O corpus, constituído por formulações recortadas de entrevista com uma moradora do lado sulista da cidade, é analisado com base nas noções de interdiscurso ou memória discursiva e posição-sujeito. Busca-se identificar e interpretar, no nível da materialidade linguística, índices evocativos de um suposto discurso segregacionista que vigora como uma espécie de senso comum entre os que vivem na cidade.
Dissidentes, violentos e violentáveis: LGBTs nas narrativas de violência da Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Ferreira Junior Sergio do Espirito Santo , Costa Alda Cristina
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o processo de construção da narrativa midiática e de conformação do acontecimento nos casos da cobertura midiática sobre violência envolvendo LGBTs, sobretudo homossexuais e transexuais, no contexto paraense. Recorremos a noções de enquadramento, narrativa, acontecimento e campo problemático para dar conta do ambiente complexo em que essas violências se inserem e dos operadores simbólicos usados pela mídia na Amazônia Paraense para conformar os acontecimentos por meio dessas narrativas. Dentre os principais operadores simbólicos destacados, há o enquadramento de marcas identitárias como marcas negativas, a narrativização relacionada à normalização da violência e o reforço das ideologias heterossexista e heteronormativa, constituindo-se também como repercussão simbólica e consequência do processo de narração do acontecimento.
A geografia, a identidade das línguas e as divisões de langues e dialectes no site de relações estrangeiras da suíça: reflexões sobre o sentido da designação no texto
Authors: Stahlhauer André Stefferson M. , Silva Soeli Maria Schreiber da
Published: April 2017

Propomos, neste artigo, uma leitura/ interpretação do funcionamento da designação de língua em uma versão do site do Département fédéral des affaires étrangères DFA da Suíça (Departamento Federal de Relações Estrangeiras), www.swissworld.org/fr, a fim de mostrar que sua enunciação e sua inscrição na internet se dão quando a língua é recortada pelas relações que particularizam os lugares de dizer na era da informação. Nesse sentido, pretendemos observar como a Suíça, como Estado, representa suas línguas e suas diferenças em um site pelas operações enunciativas que o locutor-WebEstado inscreve no funcionamento da designação de Langues et dialectes (línguas e dialetos), no texto do site.
A ARS (Análise de Redes Sociais): elo entre pesquisa e o ensino
Authors: Oliveira Eliane Vitorino de Moura
Published: April 2017

Com o mapeamento da fala de adolescentes oriundos de um distrito rural da cidade de Londrina, no Paraná, a análise das Redes Sociais de Interação (social networks) é apresentada como um método analítico apropriado para o reconhecimento da realidade linguística dos alunos, ato necessário para a elaboração de materias didáticos que respondam às necessidades atuais. Utilizando o programa Egonet, cuja função é quantificar os contatos pessoais, por meio da identificação de conexões e pontos dentro de uma rede egocêntrica, são apresentados mapas individuais das redes de cada um dos informantes, como um modelo apropriado de reconhecimento das referências linguísticas individuais. Pelo viés da Sociolinguistica, em especial sua vertente Educacional, as discussões com enfoque nos resultados certificam o trabalho com a ARS - Análise de Redes Sociais de Interação - como uma eficiente resposta em busca de caminhos para o eficaz ensino de Língua Portuguesa como língua materna.
O papel do isolamento geográfico e da migração dos organismos na especiação: o caso da crítica de Moritz Wagner a Charles Darwin
Authors: Geraldino Carlos Francisco Gerenczes , Vitte Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar o debate entre Moritz Wagner e Charles Darwin sobre o papel da migração dos organismos e do isolamento geográfico na especiação, que para Moritz Wagner seriam os dois principais mecanismos que atuariam na evolução das espécies. Para Charles Darwin, a especiação e a evolução seriam produtos de uma conexão entre o acaso e a variabilidade dentro de uma mesma espécie, ou seja, o princípio da divergência é que seria o principal mecanismo da evolução. O debate público entre Wagner e Darwin sobre a migração e o isolamento dos organismos, além de consolidar as bases da biogeografia como campo temático na geografia alemã, permite-nos também discutir como o darwinismo foi incorporado na Alemanha pós-unificação territorial, a partir dos trabalhos de Ernest Haeckel, e como interferiu diretamente nas reflexões de Friedrich Ratzel.
Cirugía resectiva de epilepsia lesional focal: Estudio en pacientes adultos del Seguro Social del Perú.
Authors: Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Villafuerte-Espinoza Mirla , Becerra-Zegarra Alicia , Díaz-Vásquez Alberto , Hernández-Vizarreta José , Llaja-Rojas Victoria
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Reportar la experiencia en cirugía resectiva en una serie de pacientes adultos con epilepsia focal lesional tratados en un hospital del Seguro Social del Perú. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la información registrada en la Unidad de Epilepsia de Adultos del Hospital Rebagliati, en Lima, desde enero del 2012 hasta octubre del 2016, sobre características clínicas, electrográficas, de neuroimagen y quirúrgicas de todos los pacientes con epilepsia focal lesional farmacorresistente, en los cuales se efectuó cirugía resectiva de epilepsia. La eficacia del procedimiento fue valorada mediante la Escala de Engel. Resultados: Se describen los resultados de cinco pacientes,proveyéndose información pertinente respecto a historia de la enfermedad, diagnósticos precisos, procedimientos quirúrgicos, seguimiento y complicaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Conclusiones: La cirugía de epilepsia resectiva, basadaen un trabajo multidisciplinario es reportada por primera vez en esta pequeña serie, demuestra ser eficaz y segura en adultos con epilepsia refractaria tratados en el Seguro Social del Perú.
Manejo de primera crisis afebril:Importancia del enfoque clínico
Authors: Toro-Pérez Juan Enrique , Custodio Nilton
Published: April 2017

Una crisis epiléptica es un evento traumático físico como psicológico que plantea dificultades en el diagnóstico y muchas interrogantes para el tratamiento agudo y en el largo plazo. La recurrencia de una crisis epilépticaorigina aún más serios y costosos problemas en la vida personal, familiar y laboral del individuo afectado. En estas circunstancias, un correcto abordaje del manejo de individuos con una primera crisis afebril debe ser una prioridad de los sistemas de salud con el objetivo fundamental de prevención de recurrencias. La elección de un fármaco antiepiléptico va a depender de una detallada anamnesis del evento clínico y de la información proveniente de estudios o tests neurofisiológicos y por exámenes de imágenes cerebrales.
Aspectos clínicos del trastorno obsesivocompulsivo y trastornos relacionados.
Authors: Lozano-Vargas Antonio
Published: April 2017

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una condición clínica heterogénea que presenta una prevalencia del 2% y causa una gran disfuncionalidad. Se han descrito cuatro dimensiones clínicas en esta entidad: simetría/orden, contaminación/lavado, acumulación y sexual/religiosa/agresión. Presenta una amplia comorbilidad y  existe evidencia de diferencias neurobiológicas entre el TOC y los trastornos de ansiedad. El DSM-5 y la CIE-11 reconocen que la psicopatología nuclear en el TOC y trastornos relacionados es la compulsión y no la ansiedad. Se discute la posibilidad de añadir otros especificadores clínicos y se formula la esperanza de que sistemas como el Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), estudios dimensionales y la integración de diversas áreas de investigaciónmarquen un futuro promisorio para estos y otros trastornos psiquiátricos.
Sindrome de Joubert asociado a malformación de Dandy-Walker en un paciente pediátrico: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Álvarez-Sanz Ana M. , Cabanillas-Burgos Lizeth Y. , Huamani-Condori Ximena P.
Published: April 2017

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 10 meses de edad que desde el nacimiento experimentó apnea e hiperpnea, hipotonía y nistagmus. Durante sus primeros meses de vida presentó además insuficiencia renal, retraso psicomotor e infecciones severas. Se diagnosticó de síndrome de Joubert asociado a malformación de Dandy-Walker y en la prueba de resonancia magnética se observó el típico signo de “Diente Molar” característicamente asociado al quiste. La asociación infrecuente de este tipo de malformaciones cerebrales agrava ciertamente el pronóstico del cuadro original.
Characteristics of Cold and Hot Pressed Iron Aluminum Powder Metallurgical Alloys
Authors: Nassef Ahmed , El-Garaihy Waleed , Elhadek Medhat
Published: April 2017

Iron powders having average particle sizes of ~40µm are mechanically mixed thoroughly with aluminum powders ranging from 1 to 10 in wt.% with an average particle size of ~10µm. Two different powder metallurgical techniques cold and hot pressing are used to study the effect of the additive element powder on the mechanical properties, wear properties and the microstructure of the iron based alloys. The hot pressing technique was performed at a temperature up to 500°C at 445.6 MPa. The cold pressing technique was performed at 909 MPa in room temperature. By increasing the Al content to 10 wt. % in the base Fe-based matrix, the hardness was decreased from 780 to 690 MPa and the radial strength was decreased from 380 to 202 MPa with reductions of 11.5% and 40%, respectively. Improvement of the wear resistance with the increase addition of the Al powder to the Fe matrix up to 5 times was achieved compared to the alloy without Al addition for different wear parameters namely; wear time and sliding speed.
Influence of Plasma Treatment to the Performance of Amorphous IGZO based Flexible Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Long-long , Sun Xiang , Shi Ji-feng , Li Xi-feng , Ding Xing-wei , Zhang Jian-Hua
Published: April 2017

Thin film transistors (TFTs) using In-Ga-Zn Oxide (IGZO) as active layer and the gate insulator was treated with NH3 plasma and N2O plasma, respectively, which is fabricated on flexible PI substrate in this work. The performance of IGZO TFTs with different plasma species and treatment time are investigated and compared. The experiment results show that the plasma species and treatment time play an important role in the threshold voltage, field-effect mobility, Ion/Ioff ratio, sub-threshold swing (SS) and bias stress stability of the devices. The TFT with a 10 seconds NH3 plasma treatment shows the best performance; specifically, threshold voltage of 0.34 V, field-effect mobility of 15.97 cm2/Vs, Ion/Ioff ratio of 6.33×107, and sub-threshold swing of 0.36 V/dec. The proposed flexible IGZO-TFTs in this paper can be used as driving devices in the next-generation flexible displays.
Affine Transformation Based Ontology Sparse Vector Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Linli , Pan Yu , Wang Jiangtao
Published: April 2017

In information science and other engineering applications, ontology plays an irreplaceable role to find the intrinsic semantic link between concepts and to determine the similarity score returned to the user. Ontology mapping aims to excavate the intrinsic semantic relationship between concepts from different ontologies, and the essence of these applications is similarity computation. In this article, we propose the new ontology sparse vector approximation algorithms based on the affine transformation tricks. By means of these techniques, we study the equivalent form of ontology dual problem and determine its feasible set. The simulation experiments imply that our new proposed ontology algorithm has high efficiency and accuracy in ontology similarity computation and ontology mapping in biology, chemical and related fields.
Partial Resurfacing of the Knee with the BioPoly Implant
Authors: Nathwani Dinesh , McNicholas Michael , Hart Alister , Miles Jonathan , Bobić Vladimir
Published: April 2017

Background:

Current treatments for focal chondral and osteochondral lesions of the femoral condyle have been associated with variable outcomes. We conducted a clinical trial of the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant to address this unmet need.

Methods:

We performed a single-arm, prospective study in which 33 patients with focal cartilage lesions affecting the femoral condyle were managed with the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scores, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component score , and the Tegner activity score were used to assess outcomes preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. The KOOS outcomes at 2 years were compared with historical outcomes following microfracture treatment.

Results:

We found significant and clinically meaningful improvements in the KOOS scores, VAS pain score, and SF-36 physical component score (p < 0.025) when the values at all 3 postoperative time points were compared with the preoperative scores, and we also found significant improvements when the Tegner activity score at 2 years was compared with the preoperative score (p < 0.025). More than half of the cohort of patients had had a previous failure of cartilage-repair procedures. No significant differences were detected between younger patients (≤40 years) and older patients (>40 years). When compared with historical microfracture data, the BioPoly RS Implant demonstrated significantly superior KOOS scores for quality of life and sports.

Conclusions:

The present study indicated that the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant is safe, that it resulted in significantly improved knee function by 6 months, and that this improvement was sustained for 2 years regardless of patient age. The BioPoly RS Knee Implant allows return to a higher level of sporting activity than microfracture. Additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine the long-term effects of the device.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Deep Banding Increases Phosphorus Removal by Soybean Grown under No‐Tillage Production Systems
Authors: Hansel Fernando D. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Rosso Luiz H. M.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Deep band P is a potential strategy to reduce P losses by runoff.

Deep band P improve soil fertility in subsurface in no‐till system.

Greater amount of P removed with grain compared to the total P input.

Phosphorus fertilizer placement can have significant agronomic and environmental implications in long‐term no‐till (NT) systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response to P fertilizer placement strategies under long‐term NT management. A field study was performed near Nao‐Me‐Toque‐RS (Location 1) and Sao Sepe‐RS (Location 2), southern Brazil, during the 2014/2015 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Triple superphosphate was applied using five strategies: (i) strip tillage with deep band (ST‐DB); (ii) strip tillage with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (ST‐B); (iii) no‐till with broadcast (NT‐BR); (iv) no‐till with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (NT‐B); (v) and no‐till with surface band (NT‐SB). Plant height, dry weight, and P uptake were evaluated at 20, 40, 60, and 80 d after emergence (DAE) as well as P removed and grain yield at harvest. The ST‐B application promoted greater plant height, dry weight, and P uptake at 80 DAE. However, ST‐DB showed the greatest P removal compared to other treatments. Also, greater yields were obtained for ST‐DB and NT‐BR. Soil sampling after harvest showed that ST‐DB increased soil test P levels by 19 and 11% at the 15‐ to 25‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. While NT‐BR increased soil test P by 43 and 36% at the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Deep band P fertilizer placement maintained or increased soybean yield and P use under long‐term NT in tropical soils.
Coal‐Bed Methane Water: Effects on Soil Properties and Camelina Productivity
Authors: Sintim Henry Y. , Zheljazkov Valtcho D. , Foley Michael E. , Evangelista Roque L.
Published: April 2017

Every year, the production of coal‐bed natural gas in the Powder River Basin results in the discharge of large amounts of coal‐bed methane water (CBMW) in Wyoming; however, no sustainable disposal methods for CBMW are currently available. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the potential to use CBMW as a source of irrigation water for camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]. We assessed the effects of three CBMW concentrations (0% [1:0], 50% [1:1], and 100% [0:1] tap water to CBMW) on selected soil properties, growth, seed oil, and fatty acid composition of three camelina cultivars: Blaine Creek, Ligena, and Pronghorn. The 100% CBMW reduced seed and estimated biofuel yields by 24 and 23%, respectively, but increased the oil content by 3%, relative to the control. Additionally, the 100% CBMW visibly affected soil through formation of surface crust due to elevated levels of sodium (653 mg Na kg−1). The 50% CBMW had no significant effects on the seed yield, estimated biofuel yield, and oil content, but the soil Na levels were still high (464 mg kg−1), which could pose a long‐term impact on soil structure. The CBMW tended to reduce the total saturated fatty acid, but it had no significant effects on the total monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids of camelina seeds. Overall, CBMW diluted with an equal amount of good‐quality water could be used to irrigate camelina in the short term. Afterward, only good‐quality water would have to be used until the accumulated dissolved solids are flushed out.

Core Ideas

Unsustainable disposal methods for coal‐bed methane water (CBMW) is a major problem.

Irrigation with 100% CBMW reduced camelina yield and affected soil structure.

Irrigation with 1:1 tap water to CBMW had minimal effects on camelina and soil structure.

1:1 tap water to CBMW could be used to irrigate camelina in the short term.

There was evidence of Na uptake, but it was at a low level (28 mg Na kg−1).
Eleven Years' Effect of Conservation Practices for Temperate Sandy Loams: I. Soil Physical Properties and Topsoil Carbon Content
Authors: Abdollahi Lotfollah , Getahun Gizachew Tarekegn , Munkholm Lars Juhl
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Moldboard plowing decreased VESS score and soil penetration resistance.

Reduced tillage combined with residue retention enhanced soil structural stability.

Residue retention alleviated unfavorable soil structure effects of reduced tillage.

Clay and SOC were confirmed as key factors affecting soil structure.

Combining minimal soil disturbance and residue retention improved soil structure.

Conservation agriculture (CA) has been suggested as a means of making intensification of agriculture sustainable. The purpose of this study was to understand and quantify long‐term individual and combined effects of key conservation practices on soil physical properties and topsoil C content. Field experiments were conducted in 11‐ to 12‐yr‐old experiments on two Danish sandy loams at Foulum and Flakkebjerg. Three crop rotations/residue management treatments were compared and tillage was included as a split‐plot factor. The tillage systems were moldboard plowing to a depth of 20 cm (MP), direct drilling (D) and harrowing to a depth of 8 to 10 cm (H). Soil sampling and in‐field measurements were performed in autumn 2013 and spring 2014. In the field, soil structure was visually evaluated and penetration resistance (PR) measured. Soil C, wet stability (clay dispersion and wet aggregate stability), and soil strength were determined in the laboratory. The MP soil had a uniform soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth of topsoil, whereas H and D resulted in SOC accumulation near the soil surface. Plowing resulted in the best visually assessed topsoil structure and had the lowest PR. However, H and D in combination with residue retention gave the best structural stability. Residue retention alleviated negative effects of reduced tillage on PR and improved wet stability in the MP treatment at the Foulum site. Clay and SOC correlated well with soil physical parameters, confirming their important role in soil structure formation and stabilization. Our study showed benefits of combining key CA elements, although longer‐term studies are most likely needed to reveal the full potential.
Late‐Fall, Winter and Spring Broadcast Applications of Urea to No‐Till Winter Wheat I. Ammonia Loss and Mitigation by NBPT
Authors: Engel Richard , Jones Clain , Romero Carlos , Wallander Rosie
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Urea volatility was greater following late‐fall and winter applications to cold soils compared with spring applications to warmer soils.

NBPT reduced cumulative NH3 loss from urea by 66%.

Urea applications in the late‐fall and winter resulted in prolonged periods of NH3 flux.

Surface urea applications in the late‐fall, winter, or early‐spring are common in Montana, but N applied at these timings is susceptible to volatilization. This study was conducted to quantify and contrast ammonia (NH3) loss from urea and urea plus N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) following late‐fall, winter, and spring applications (100 kg N ha–1). Experiments were run over 3 yr in farmer‐cooperator fields (>60 ha) under no‐till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–chemical fallow management. Ammonia emissions were quantified by the integrated horizontal flux method with samplers placed on a mast in the center of circular plots (20‐m radius). Prolonged periods of modest NH3 flux (≤33 g N ha–1 h–1) were found following late‐fall (87–106 d) and winter (48–62 d) urea applications before flux fell to nominal levels (≤3 g N ha–1 h–1). In contrast, NH3 flux following spring urea was generally lower in intensity (≤7 g N ha–1 h–1) and shorter in duration (14–30 d). Cumulative NH3 loss (% applied N) from urea was greater (P < 0.05) for late‐fall (16.4%) and winter (11.4%) than for spring (2.0%) applications. The weather pattern of light (≤6 mm), scattered precipitation events from December throught March vs. larger precipitation events (≥12 mm) in April and May was an important factor which helped explained this response. Addition of NBPT (1 g kg–1) to urea reduced cumulative NH3 loss by 65.6%. Urea applications during the over‐winter period (December–March) should be avoided, in favor of spring applications to minimize NH3 loss.
Semi-analytical 3D solution for assessing radial collector well pumping impacts on groundwater–surface water interaction
Authors: Ameli Ali A. , Craig James R.
Published: April 2017

We present a new semi-analytical flow and transport model for the simulation of 3D steady-state flow and particle movement between groundwater, a surface water body and a radial collector well in geometrically complex unconfined aquifers. This precise and grid-free Series Solution-analytic element method approach handles the irregular configurations of radial wells more efficiently than grid-based methods. This method is then used to explore how pumping well location and river shape interact and together influence (1) transit time distribution (TTD) of captured water in a radial collector well and TTD of groundwater discharged into the river and (2) the percentage of well waters captured from different sources. Results show that meandering river shape plays a significant role in controlling the aforementioned metrics and that increasing the pumping rate has different consequences in different situations. This approach can also inform the design of water remediation and groundwater protection systems (e.g., river bank filtration and well head protection area).
Paradigms for water allocation in river basins: a society-science-practice perspective from Southern Africa
Authors: Chomba M. J. , Hill T. , Nkhata B. A. , Förster J. J.
Published: April 2017

This paper seeks to complement ongoing discussions around water allocation by offering an analytic framework for examining the evolution of paradigms for water allocation in river basins. It traces this evolution from the hydraulic paradigm through to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the current water security paradigm. Using a society-science-practice interaction perspective, the paper draws attention to the governance processes of water allocation that underlie these paradigms using examples from river basins in southern Africa. It is argued that the process of allocating water resources is often influenced by societal priorities and values that do not necessarily result in maintaining ecosystem health and integrity. The efficacy of water allocation depends on the extent to which implementation takes into account the socio-political dynamics associated with collective action involving multiple water users. While paradigm shifts provide windows of opportunity for strengthening legislation, the mere adoption of paradigms should not be taken as a panacea for addressing challenges associated with water allocation in river basins. This is especially relevant for several countries in southern Africa that are undertaking water reforms with the view of strengthening allocation of water resources at basin scale.
A BATTLE AGAINST AIDS: NEW PYRAZOLE KEY TO AN OLDER LOCK-REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
Authors: K. Sony Jacob , Ganguly Swastika
Published: April 2017

Objective: The reason for the failure of most of the anti-HIV drugs are their poor pharmacokinetics, the poor risk to benefit ratio and the drug resistance. With the objective of developing newer pyrazole scaffolds for effective treatment of HIV, binding mode analysis of designing ligands with the HIV-1RT protein and prediction of key ADME and toxicity parameters of the compounds was in an area of interest.Methods: In this study, molecular docking studies and ADME-T studies were carried out in designing of some novel pyrazole analogs. The protein (PDB ID: 1RT2) was prepared using the Protein Preparation Wizard (Schrodinger Glide 5.0). ADME parameters calculated by QikProp 3.0v and toxicity of designed analogs checked by using two different online software’s namely Lazar and protox.Results: Most of the designed pyrazole analogs have good oral absorption as well as good binding affinity towards HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.Conclusion: Finally total 5 analogs (SGS-2, 3, 12, 13 and 14) from the 14 designed leads were found to be best on the basis of molecular docking and ADME-T studies.
EFFECT OF SHODHANA (PURIFICATION/PROCESSING) ON POWDER MICROSCOPICAL AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS OF GUNJA (ABRUS PRECATORIUS LINN.) SEEDS
Authors: Roy Sudipta , Acharya Rabinarayan , Pandya Preeti
Published: April 2017

Objective: Seeds of Gunja (Abrus precatorius Linn.) are being used by the Ayurvedic physicians for the management of different diseases only after proper shodhana (processing) with some specific media like godugdha (cow's milk), kanji (sour gruel) and nimbu swarasa (lemon juice). The impact of shodhana on gunja seed through microscopical and analytical profile have not been studied and reported scientifically yet. Hence, the present study has been designed to evaluate the effect of shodhana on phyto-pharmacognostical characters of Gunja seeds.Methods: Red variety of Gunja seeds were processed with cow's milk for six hours whereas sour gruel, lemon juice and water (as control) for three hours following the standard procedures for swedana (boiling), recommended by the classical text of Ayurveda. The obtained seeds were investigated for their powder microscopical characters and phytochemical characters like preliminary phytochemical screening (qualitative test) and quantitative estimation for protein following standard protocol.Results: Organoleptic study shows variations in colour, odour, taste and appearance in all samples (coarse powder) after shodhana. Powder microscopical study highlights some changes like more number of oil globules in godugdha (cow's milk) shodhita and starch grains in kanji (sour gruel) shodhita gunja seeds. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycoside, flavonoids, reducing sugar, etc. and protein estimation shows the minimization of protein contents in most of the sample after shodhana.Conclusion: The observed data can be helpful to delineate the impact of shodhana process on gunja seeds.
VALIDATION AND TRANSFERABILITY OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSR’S) FROM SOME SPECIES OF ACACIA GENUS TO ACACIA NILOTICA L.
Authors: Yadav Amita , Yadav Manila , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Dushyant , Yadav Jaya Parkash
Published: April 2017

Objective: In present study genetic transferability of SSR’s from related Acacia species to Acacia nilotica was evaluated along with its genetic diversity analysis from north Indian region. Methods: A total of 30 primers selected from 5 different Acacia species were screened for amplification and polymorphism. Dendrogram and 2 D Plot were constructed using NTSys PC version 2.02e. Different diversity parameters like Polymorphism information content (PIC), alleles per primer, number (no.) of amplicons were also calculated for each primer pair.Results: SSRs from Acacia tortilis, A. senegal and A. koa were highly transferable in A. nilotica. Out of 30, only twenty-two primers showed amplification with an average of 1.36 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.5 to 0.96 with an average of 0.81. Jaccard similarity coefficient (J) values ranged from 0.04 to 0.67 showing a high level of diversity. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), based cluster analysis, divided all accessions into three main clusters.Conclusion: Geographical and climatic conditions showed a great impact on genetic diversity. The results indicated high transferability of genomic resources from related species and will facilitate more studies to characterize the relatively less studied Acacia niloticagenome.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA ROXB (BAHEDA)
Authors: Gupta Rasna , Singh Ram Lakhan , Dwivedi Neeraja
Published: April 2017

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Terminalia bellerica fruit pulp (TBFP), seed (TBS) and bark (TBB), and identification of phytochemical constituents of said extracts.Methods: The antioxidant potential of T. bellerica (TB) parts was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SARSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and compared with reference standard quercetin. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric thiocyanate activity (FTC) and reducing power (RP) of the plant extracts were also examined. The phytochemical constituents of said extracts have been quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method.Results: Ethanolic extract of TBFP exhibited high phenolic content (254.33) followed by TBS (227.33) and TBB (185) mg/g of GAE. TBFP showed lowest IC50 for FRSA (62 µg/ml), SARSA (39 µg/ml) and HRSA (27 µg/ml) and highest RP (3.39 ascorbic acid equivalents/ml). TBB showed lowest IC50 for LPO (48 µg/ml) whereas TBS showed lowest IC50 for FTC (109 µg/ml). Predominant phyto-compounds present in TB extracts were quinic acid, gallic acid, ethyl galate, 9, 12 octadecadienoic acid and glucopyranose in varying concentrations as analyzed by GC-MS.Conclusion: On the basis of correlation of antioxidant studies with total phenolic content (TPC) and GC-MS analysis of different part of TB, it may be concluded that high concentration of total phenolics and other bioactive phytochemicals of TB extracts make it a potential source of nutraceutical antioxidants.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS BY PLACKETT BURMAN DESIGN AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR ENHANCED ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY BY XYLARIA FEEJEENSIS HMJAU22039
Authors: Rebbapragada Durga , Kalyanaraman Rajagopal
Published: April 2017

Objective: To enhance the antioxidant potential of Xylaria feejeensis by statistical optimization. The components of potato dextrose yeast extract (PDYEB) medium: potato infusion, dextrose and yeast extract were investigated to optimize antioxidant activity by Plackett-Burman design (P-B design). The interaction between the critical components of the medium and incubation time was further investigated by Response Surface Method (RSM) and the culture conditions were optimized for enhancing antioxidant activity. Central composite design (CCD) was employed and quadratic response surface model was used to analyze the data using analysis of variance (ANOVA).Methods: The antioxidant potential was measured by 1-1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity was compared with total phenolic content measured by Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) reagent based assay.Results: Plackett-Burman design revealed dextrose and yeast extract to be the most signiﬁcant components of PDYEB medium (p<.0001). ANOVA analysis showed that the model was highly significant (p<0.0001) for antioxidant activity measured by DPPH, NO scavenging and TPC (total phenolic content). The model was justified by applying the optimized conditions and values of 87.38%, 56.43%, 27.28 mg/g for DPPH, NO scavenging and TPC respectively were obtained. The estimated optimum conditions of the variables for the antioxidant activity and phenolic content are 12.72g of dextrose, 1.67g yeast extract, and incubation period of 23.43 d.Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of various components of the medium and the physiochemical limitations in antioxidant potential and phenol production of the fungal strain.
BERRY EXTRACTS IMPROVED INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME AND SUPPRESSED THE GENE EXPRESSION ALTERATIONS IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: El-baz Farouk K. , Khalil Wagdy K. B. , Aly Hanan F. , Booles Hoda F.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present work was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of red berry (Morus rubra) and white berry (Morus alba) extracts in diabetic rats.Methods: Inflammatory biomarkers; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), paraoxanase1 (PON1), gene expression of apoptosis and inflammatory related genes were carried out.Results: Treatment of male rats with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, the apoptosis rates and the alterations of the pro-apoptosis (eotaxin, caspase-1, and caspase-2) and inflammation; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB1) and allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) related genes. While marked reduction in PON1 level was detected in STZ-induced diabetic rats. However, treatment of STZ-exposed rats with red and white berry extracts exhibited noticeable ameliorations in TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β levels and PON1 activity as well as low apoptosis rates and decreased the alteration of the pro-apoptosis and inflammatory related genes.Conclusion: Red and white berry extracts exhibited attenuation in antioxidant status, suppressed inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and the alterations in the apoptosis and inflammatory related genes induced by STZ in male rats.