bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circβ-catenin promotes tumor growth and Warburg effect of gallbladder cancer by regulating STMN1 expression
Authors: Wang Shouhua , Su Tingting , Tong Huanjun , Zhou Di , Ma Fei , Ding Jun , Hao Yuan , Shi Weibin , Quan Zhiwei
Published: September 2021

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most malignant cancer of the biliary tract cancer and presents poor prognosis. CircRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of multiple stages in tumor progression. In the study, we first demonstrated that circular RNA circβ-catenin expression was upregulated in GBC tissues when compared to adjacent normal tissues and associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in GBC patients. Silencing of circβ-catenin obviously suppressed GBC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro, but circβ-catenin overexpression had the opposite effects. In vivo, silencing of circβ-catenin inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, we also found that circβ-catenin promoted GBC cell lactate production, pyruvate production, ATP quantity, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), which suggested that circβ-catenin regulated Warburg effect in GBC. Mechanistic analysis further highlighted that circβ-catenin promoted Stathmin 1 (STMN1) expression through sponging miR-223 in GBC progression. In addition, knockdown of STMN1 inhibited cell growth and Warburg effect in GBC. In summary, our findings indicated that circβ-catenin/miR-223/STMN1 axis could regulate cell growth and Warburg effect in GBC. Targeting circβ-catenin might be a potential therapeutic strategy for GBC.
The usefulness of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in detecting and managing cancers with unknown primary site depends on histological subtype
Authors: Nissan Ella , Amit Uri , Baron Leo , Zabatani Amit , Urban Damien , Barshack Iris , Davidson Tima
Published: September 2021

We assessed the role of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in identifying and managing cancer of unknown primary site (CUP syndrome). We reviewed [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans of individuals with CUP syndrome recorded in clinical referral letters from 2012 to 2019. We evaluated the identification of primary tumor (PT) by [18F]FDG-PET/CT, according to histological subtype, and the impact on clinical management. The median age was 65 years, 36/64 males (56%). PTs were detected in 28/64 (44%) patients. Detection was significantly lower in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than with other histologies combined, p = 0.034. Mean age, mean SUVmax (10.6 ± 6.0) and organ involvement were similar between patients with and without discovered PTs; and between patients with SCC and with other histologies combined. However, those with SCC were less likely than the others to present with multi-lesion involvement, p < 0.001. [18F]FDG-PET/CT interpretations apparently affected treatment of 8/28 (29%) patients with PT detected, and in none of the 35 whose PT was not discovered, p < 0.001. [18F]FDG-PET/CT appeared helpful in detecting PT in almost half the patients with CUP syndrome; the lowest rate was for patients with SCC pathology. PET/CT showed limited overall value in guiding clinical management, however benefited those with discovered PT.
Atrial fibrillation detection in primary care during blood pressure measurements and using a smartphone cardiac monitor
Authors: Sluyter John D. , Scragg Robert , ‘Ofanoa Malakai , Stewart Ralph A. H.
Published: September 2021

Improved atrial fibrillation (AF) screening methods are required. We detected AF with pulse rate variability (PRV) parameters using a blood pressure device (BP+; Uscom, Sydney, Australia) and with a Kardia Mobile Cardiac Monitor (KMCM; AliveCor, Mountain View, CA). In 421 primary care patients (mean (range) age: 72 (31–99) years), we diagnosed AF (n = 133) from 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings, and performed PRV and KMCM measurements. PRV parameters detected AF with area under curve (AUC) values of up to 0.92. Using the mean of two sequential readings increased AUC to up to 0.94 and improved positive predictive value at a given sensitivity (by up to 18%). The KMCM detected AF with 83% sensitivity and 68% specificity. 89 KMCM recordings were “unclassified” or blank, and PRV detected AF in these with AUC values of up to 0.88. When non-AF arrhythmias (n = 56) were excluded, the KMCM device had increased specificity (73%) and PRV had higher discrimination performance (maximum AUC = 0.96). In decision curve analysis, all PRV parameters consistently achieved a positive net benefit across the range of clinical thresholds. In primary care, AF can be detected by PRV accurately and by KMCM, especially in the absence of non-AF arrhythmias or when combinations of measurements are used.
Annelid genomes: Enchytraeus crypticus, a soil model for the innate (and primed) immune system
Authors: Amorim Mónica J. B. , Gansemans Yannick , Gomes Susana I. L. , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J.
Published: September 2021

Enchytraeids (Annelida) are soil invertebrates with worldwide distribution that have served as ecotoxicology models for over 20 years. We present the first high-quality reference genome ofEnchytraeus crypticus, assembled from a combination of Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time and Illumina sequencing platforms as a 525.2 Mbp genome (910 gapless scaffolds and 18,452 genes). We highlight isopenicillin, acquired by horizontal gene transfer and conferring antibiotic function. Significant gene family expansions associated with regeneration (long interspersed nuclear elements), the innate immune system (tripartite motif-containing protein) and response to stress (cytochrome P450) were identified. The ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) — a homolog of ACE2, which is involved in the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 cell entry — is also present inE. crypticus. There is an obvious potential of usingE. crypticusas a model to study interactions between regeneration, the innate immune system and aging-dependent decline.
Two novel chiral tetranucleate copper-based complexes: syntheses, crystal structures, inhibition of angiogenesis and the growth of human breast cancerin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Hou Xiao-Xiao , Ren Ya-Ping , Luo Zhao-Hui , Jiang Bing-Li , Lu Tian-Tian , Huang Fu-Ping , Qin Xiu-Ying
Published: September 2021

Copper-based complex containingl-methioninol-derived Schiff-bases inhibited angiogenesis and induced apoptosis to resist breast cancerin vitroandin vivo.
Luminescent Cu4I4-cubane clusters based on N-methyl-5,10-dihydrophenarsazines
Authors: Galimova Milyausha F. , Zueva Ekaterina M. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Musin Rustem R. , Musina Elvira I. , Karasik Andrey A.
Published: September 2021

Luminescent As-supported Cu4I4 cubane tetramers with a dual band emission, showing temperature-dependent intensities, were synthesized and studied in detail by DFT calculations.
Highly electrocatalytic three-dimensional chain-like nickel-based electrocatalysts with hierarchical structures for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Gao Denghe , Ji Shan , Wang Hui , Wang Xuyun , Liu Yong , Wang Rongfang
Published: September 2021

A three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalyst was developed by growing Ni nanowires (Ni NWs/NF) on a nickel foam then depositing Ni nanoparticles (Ni/Ni NWs/NF), and exhibited highly electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs).
High effective enrichment of U(vi) from aqueous solutions on versatile crystalline carbohydrate polymer-functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Hai , Liu Renrong , Wang Huifang , Hu Baowei , Qiu Muqing
Published: September 2021

The highly effective enrichment of U(vi) on COF/GO was attributed to a huge void ratio and a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups. It could be used as a promising candidate for environmental decontamination and energy storage.
Homogeneous catalysis for photochemical vapor generation for speciation of inorganic selenium by high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Li Mengtian , Xia Hui , Luo Jin , Yang Xin , Li Hui , Liu Xingli , Xu Fujian
Published: September 2021

A simple, sensitive and cost-effective homogeneous catalysis photochemical vapor generation (PVG) system for HPLC separation and atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection was reported herein for the speciation analysis of trace Se(iv) and Se(vi).
Shear-structured MoNb6O18 as a new anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Jialin , Lu Fengqi , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: September 2021

MoNb6O18 having a Wadsley–Roth shear crystal structure was explored as a new anode material for lithium-ion storage.
Construction of chemical self-charging zinc ion batteries based on defect coupled nitrogen modulation of zinc manganite vertical graphene arrays
Authors: Qiu Wenda , Lin Zhenchao , Xiao Hongbing , Zhang Guoming , Gao Hong , Feng Huajie , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2021

Self-charging power systems, which can simultaneously achieve energy harvesting and storage, play a significant role in the field of energy technology.
Correction: Performance and limits of 2.0 eV bandgap CuInGaS2 solar absorber integrated with CdS buffer on F:SnO2 substrate for multijunction photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical water splitting devices
Authors: Gaillard Nicolas , Septina Wilman , Varley Joel , Ogitsu Tadashi , Ohtaki Kenta K. , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Muzzillo Christopher , Zhu Kai , Babbe Finn , Cooper Jason
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Performance and limits of 2.0 eV bandgap CuInGaS2 solar absorber integrated with CdS buffer on F:SnO2 substrate for multijunction photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical water splitting devices’ by Nicolas Gaillard et al., Mater. Adv., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1MA00570G.
Exchange bias and Verwey transition in Fe5C2/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Xing M. , Mohapatra Jeotikanta , Elkins J. , Guragain D. , Mishra S. R. , Ping Liu J.
Published: September 2021

This report presents new findings of exchange bias and related structural and magnetic properties in iron carbide/magnetite (Fe5C2/Fe3O4) core/shell nanoparticles.
Electrospun ZIF-derived cavity porous carbon nanofibers as a freestanding cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries with ultralow overpotential
Authors: Peng Lichong , Zhang Xiuling , Sun Yaxin , Li Congju
Published: September 2021

We have developed a feasible approach to establish a freestanding air-cathode based on Co–Nx species trapped in hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers with reduced charge-discharge polarization (0.36 V) and high initial specific capacity (12.12 mAh cm−2) for Li–O2 batteries.
Electrochemical sulfonylation of enamides with sodium sulfinates to access β-amidovinyl sulfones
Authors: Gu Qingyun , Wang Xin , Liu Xinyi , Wu Guixia , Xie Yushan , Shao Yu , Zhao Yu , Zeng Xiaobao
Published: September 2021

The electrochemical sulfonylation of enamides with sodium sulfinates in an undivided cell under catalyst- and exogenous redox reagent-free conditions was developed to access a variety of β-amidovinyl sulfones.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of iminoquinones and aryl iodides to access aryl p-amino benzoates
Authors: Wang Siqi , Yao Lingyun , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: September 2021

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of iminoquinones and aryl iodides has been developed for the construction of aryl p-amino benzoates.
Nanoporous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon hollow spheres with enhanced electrochemical properties
Authors: Bairi Partha , Sardar Kausik , Samanta Madhupriya , Chanda Kausik , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: September 2021

The direct pyrolysis of nanostructured poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) produced nanoporous hollow carbon spheres with a high atomic percentage of nitrogen doping, and these displayed enhanced oxygen reduction activity and supercapacitive properties.
A quantitative metric for organic radical stability and persistence using thermodynamic and kinetic features
Authors: Sowndarya S. V. Shree , St. John Peter C. , Paton Robert S.
Published: September 2021

Molecular descriptors encoding kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization capture the difference between transient and persistent organic radicals.
Complexation and redox chemistry of neptunium, plutonium and americium with a hydroxylaminato ligand
Authors: Su Jing , Cheisson Thibault , McSkimming Alex , Goodwin Conrad A. P. , DiMucci Ida M. , Albrecht-Schönzart Thomas , Scott Brian L. , Batista Enrique R. , Gaunt Andrew J. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Yang Ping , Schelter Eric J.
Published: September 2021

The coordination modes and electronic properties of a strongly coordinating hydroxylaminato ligand with Np, Pu and Am were investigated.Complexes were characterized by a range of experimental and computational techniques.
The effect of chitosan molecular weight on CO2-triggered switching between emulsification and demulsification
Authors: Ren Dongyin , Shang Zhixin , Zhang Mei , Xu Shengming , Xu Zhenghe
Published: September 2021

The role of molecular weight as a key physical property of macromolecules in determining the CO2-triggered switching characteristics of responsive emulsions prepared using CO2-switchable macromolecules is the focus of the current study.
Deformation profiles and microscopic dynamics of complex fluids during oscillatory shear experiments
Authors: Edera Paolo , Brizioli Matteo , Zanchetta Giuliano , Petekidis George , Giavazzi Fabio , Cerbino Roberto
Published: September 2021

We combine a strain-controlled cell with bright-field optical microscopy to unveil the microscopic motion of cyclically sheared soft materials.
Elucidating the formation and active state of Cu co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Schubert Jasmin S. , Kalantari Leila , Lechner Andreas , Giesriegl Ariane , Nandan Sreejith P. , Alaya Pablo , Kashiwaya Shun , Sauer Markus , Foelske Annette , Rosen Johanna , Blaha Peter , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik
Published: September 2021

Calcination of Cu/TiO2 is detrimental to its photocatalytic HER performance. We relate this to heat-activated Cu diffusion into the TiO2 lattice, which decreases accessibility of the Cu sites on the surface and generates charge recombination centers.
Pressure-induced boron clathrates with ambient-pressure superconductivity
Authors: Liang Yiwei , Xu Meiling , Lin Shuyi , Yuan Xuanhao , Qu Ziyang , Hao Jian , Li Yinwei
Published: September 2021

A pressure-induced boron clathrate LaB8 structure exhibits potential superconductivity of 20 K at ambient pressure. This current result provides a new route to find high-Tc cage superconductors at low-pressures.
High-resolution and scalable printing of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS for printable electronics
Authors: Corletto Alexander , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: September 2021

Topographical discontinuous dewetting (TDD) and liquid bridge transfer (LBT) was used for submicron resolution, R2R-compatible, high thickness, low line edge roughness patterning of PEDOT:PSS. High conductivities up to ∼2590 S cm−1 were achieved.
MiR-192-5p inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulation of SH3RF3
Authors: Fu Songbo , Ma Chengxu , Tang Xulei , Ma Xiaoni , Jing Gaojing , Zhao Nan , Ran Juntao
Published: September 2021

Background: The decreased level of miR-192-5p has been reported in several kinds of cancers, including bladder, colon, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the expression and function of miR-192-5p in papillary thyroid carcinoma/cancer (PTC) remains unknown.

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of miR-192-5p in PTC development.

Methods: PTC tissues and relative normal controls from PTC patients were collected. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to measure miR-192-5p and SH3RF3 mRNA level in PTC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 method and FCM assay were used to test cell proliferation and apoptosis in TPC-1 cells, respectively. The abilities of cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. The interaction between miR-192-5p and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain containing ring finger 3 (SH3RF3) were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results: MiR-192-5p level was obviously decreased in PTC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-192-5p suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process, while induced apoptosis in TPC-1 cells. In addition, miR-192-5p negatively modulated SH3RF3 expression by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR). Silencing SH3RF3 inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT of TPC-1 cells. In the meantime, matrine, an alkaloid extracted from herb, exerted its anti-cancer effects in PTC cells dependent on increase in miR-192-5p expression and decrease in SH3RF3 expression.

Conclusion: We firstly declared that miR-192-5p played a tumor suppressive role in PTC via targeting SH3RF3. Moreover, matrine exerted its anti-cancer effects in PTC via regulating miR-192-5p/SH3RF3 pathway.
The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars
Authors: Llorente de Andrés F. , Chavero C. , de la Reza R. , Roca-Fàbrega S. , Cifuentes C.
Published: September 2021

We investigate two topics regarding solar mass FGK-type stars, the lithium-rotation connection (LRC), and the existence of the ‘lithium desert’. We determine the minimum critical rotation velocity (v sin i), related with the LRC separating slow from rapid stellar rotators, to be 5 km s−1. This value also splits different stellar properties. For the first time we explore the behaviour of the LRC for some stellar associations with ages between 45 Myr and 120 Myr. This allows us to study the LRC age dependence at the beginning of the general spin-down stage for low-mass stars, which starts at ∼30–40 Myr. We find that each stellar group presents a characteristic minimum lithium depletion connected to a specific high rotation velocity and that this minimum changes with age. For instance, the minimum changes from ∼50 km s−1 to less than 20 km s−1 in 200 Myr. This desert was described as a limited region in the A(Li)-Teff map containing no stars. Using Teff from Gaia DR2 we detect 30 stars inside and/or near the same box originally defined as the lithium desert. Due to their intrinsic Teff errors some of these stars may be inside or outside the box, implying to a high probability that the box contains several stars. This leads us to consider that the lithium desert appears to be more a statistical distribution fluctuation than a real problem. We conclude that the lithium desert is rather due to a statistical distribution fluctuation than a real physical problem.
High-order homogenization in optimal control by the Bloch wave method
Authors: Lamacz-Keymling Agnes , Yousept Irwin
Published: September 2021

This article examines a linear-quadratic elliptic optimal control problem in which the cost functional and the state equation involve a highly oscillatory periodic coefficient Aε. The small parameter ε > 0 denotes the periodicity length. We propose a high-order effective control problem with constant coefficients that provides an approximation of the original one with error O(εM), where M ∈ ℕ is as large as one likes. Our analysis relies on a Bloch wave expansion of the optimal solution and is performed in two steps. In the first step, we expand the lowest Bloch eigenvalue in a Taylor series to obtain a high-order effective optimal control problem. In the second step, the original and the effective problem are rewritten in terms of the Bloch and the Fourier transform, respectively. This allows for a direct comparison of the optimal control problems via the corresponding variational inequalities, leading to our main theoretical result on the high-oder approximation.
Stressfrakturen und andere stressinduzierte Verletzungen
Authors: Hackenbroch Carsten , Weber Marc-André , Thierfelder Kolja M.
Published: September 2021

Stressfrakturen sind in der klinischen Routine durchaus häufig. Sie werden mit der konventionellen Röntgentechnik als Standardmethode und für spezielle Fragestellungen mit der MRT und der CT diagnostiziert. In dieser Arbeit werden Stressfrakturen und andere stressinduzierte Verletzungen mit ihren typischen Befunden in der Bildgebung vorgestellt.
Der Psychotherapeut und Nervenarzt Ernst Jolowicz (1882–1958): Eine internationale Karriere im Schatten von Antisemitismus und Emigration
Authors: Bornemann Georg , Steinberg Holger
Published: September 2021

Die Arbeit betrachtet das Leben und Wirken des deutsch-jüdischen
Nervenarztes Ernst Jolowicz, der 1882 geboren wurde. Aus Posen stammend,
sammelte der Mediziner im Deutschen Kaiserreich erste Berufserfahrung, ehe er im
Ersten Weltkrieg als Neurologe in einem Lazarett an der Westfront diente. Nach
dem Krieg eröffnete er in Leipzig eine private psychotherapeutische
Praxis, publizierte zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und engagierte sich in
der 'Allgemeinen Ärztlichen Gesellschaft für
Psychotherapie'. In seinen Schriften präsentiert sich Jolowicz
als undogmatischer Anhänger suggestiver Techniken, entwickelt jedoch
überdies Methoden für eine patientenzentrierte, psychagogische
Psychotherapie. Zudem verfasst er etliche kultur-und
gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Aufsätze und zeigt sich als vielseitig
interessierter Publizist. Kurz nach der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten
emigriert er nach Paris und setzt sich in einem Straßburger Radiosender
für den antifaschistischen Widerstand ein. Nachdem Frankreich besetzt
wird, flieht er 1941 in die Vereinigten Staaten und fasst dort erneut beruflich
Fuß, ehe er 1958 nach einer Herzerkrankung in New York City stirbt.
Case-mix adjustment to compare colonoscopy performance between endoscopy centers: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Nass Karlijn J. , van der Vlugt Manon , Elfrink Arthur K. E. , van den Brand Crispijn L. , Wilschut Janneke A. , Fockens Paul , Dekker Evelien , Wouters Michel W. J. M. ,   in collaboration with the Dutch Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Audit group
Published: September 2021

Background Nonmodifiable patient and endoscopy characteristics might influence colonoscopy performance. Differences in these so-called case-mix factors are likely to exist between endoscopy centers. This study aimed to examine the importance of case-mix adjustment when comparing performance between endoscopy centers.

Methods Prospectively collected data recorded in the Dutch national colonoscopy registry between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Cecal intubation rate (CIR) and adequate bowel preparation rate (ABPR) were analyzed. Additionally, polyp detection rate (PDR) was studied in screening colonoscopies following a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Variation in case-mix factors between endoscopy centers and expected outcomes for each performance measure were calculated per endoscopy center based on case-mix factors (sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologist [ASA] score, indication) using multivariable logistic regression.

Results 363 840 colonoscopies were included from 51 endoscopy centers. Mean percentages per endoscopy center were significantly different for age > 65 years, male patients, ASA ≥ III, and diagnostic colonoscopies (all P < 0.001). In the FIT-positive screening population, significant differences were observed between endoscopy centers for age > 65 years, male patients, and ASA ≥ III (all P ≤ 0.001). The expected CIR, ABPR, and PDR ranged from 95.0 % to 96.9 %, from 93.6 % to 96.4 %, and from 76.2 % to 79.1 %, respectively. Age, sex, ASA classification, and indication were significant case-mix factors for CIR and ABPR. In the FIT-positive screening population, age, sex, and ASA classification were significant case-mix factors for PDR.

Conclusion Our findings emphasize the importance of considering case-mix adjustment when comparing colonoscopy performance measures between endoscopy centers.
Study of Treatment Outcome in Adults with TFE-Related RCC
Authors: Singh Ajaykumar Chandrabhan , Pal Mahendra , Kapoor Akhil , Menon Nandini , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Menon Santosh , Sable Nilesh , Kalra Devanshi , Kulkarni Sheetal , Joshi Amit
Published: September 2021

Introduction TFE Translocation renal cell carcinoma (TRCC) represents 1 to 5% of all cases of renal cell carcinoma, with the highest frequency among children and young adults. Management of these tumors is not very well defined in literature. Although in pediatric age group it has favorable prognosis, in adults it has an aggressive nature, with poor outcome. This is a retrospective analysis of treatment outcome in adult patient 18 years or above treated at our hospital between January 2013 and November 2018.

Material and Methods Clinical and pathological data of 26 patients from a single institution diagnosed with TRCC between January 2013 and November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases of TRCC were confirmed with immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization. We analyzed our data of patients treated with surgery only or who progressed after surgery and treated with systemic therapy or who presented with upfront unresectable or metastatic disease treated with systemic therapy with respect to event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results Between January 2013 and November 2018, 26 adult patients who were treated at our center were eligible for this analysis as per our criteria. Out of 26 patients, 25 patients had radical surgery after evaluation and 1 had metastatic disease who was started on systemic therapy. Out 25 patients who were treated with radical surgery, 16 patients progressed and they were started on systemic therapy except for 1 patient who defaulted. Median time to start systemic therapy among patient treated with curative nephrectomy was 13 months. Median EFS and median OS among overall population were 22 and 30 months, respectively. Among 16 patients who were treated with systemic therapy, median EFS to first-line therapy was 8 months and to second-line therapy was 2.5 months. Median OS was 17 months in patients treated with systemic therapy.

Conclusion TRCC is rare in adult population but carries significant risk of disease progression even after initial curative treatment with potential response to targeted therapy for short duration.
Correlation of Nuclear Morphometry with Clinicopathologic Parameters in Malignant Breast Aspirates
Authors: Kalhan Shivani , Garg Shilpa , Satarkar Rahul , Sharma Puja , Hasija Sonia , Sharma Sonia
Published: September 2021

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to correlate nuclear morphometric parameters with clinicopathologic features such as cytologic grade, tumor size, lymph node status, mitotic index, and histopathologic grade. Secondary objective was to quantify nuclear changes on malignant breast aspirates using morphometry.

Material and Methods Forty-five cases of carcinoma breast diagnosed on cytology were included in this study. These were graded into cytologic grades 1, 2, and 3 as per Robinson’s cytologic grading system.

Nuclear morphometry was done in all cases on smears stained with Papanicolaou stain.

Clinicopathologic parameters including cytological grade, tumor size, lymph node status, mitotic count, and histological grade were correlated with nuclear morphometric parameters, namely, area, perimeter, shape, long axis, short axis, intensity, long-run emphasis, total run length, and T1 homogeneity.

Results There were 9 cases in cytologic grade 1, 26 in grade 2, and 10 cases in cytologic grade 3. Histopathology showed 42 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC, NOS) and 3 cases (6.7%) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC (NOS) included 6, 27, and 9 cases in grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Majority of our cases had a tumor size less than 5 cm (n = 38, 84.4%) and had positive nodes (n = 30, 66.7%). Correlation of cytologic and histopathologic grades (including DCIS) with all morphometric features except long-run emphasis was statistically significant. Correlation of morphometry with tumor size yielded significant results for nuclear area, perimeter, long and short axes, and intensity with p < 0.05. Study of lymph node status (positive/negative) versus morphometry showed a highly significant statistical association with all the geometric as well as textural parameters. Mitotic count was significantly associated with all the geometric parameters and one textural parameter (total run length).

Statistics Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using the two-tailed, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance test. Tests were performed at significance level of 0.05.

Conclusion Morphometry is an objective technique which holds immense promise in prognostication in breast carcinoma.
Functional and Oncological Outcomes of Multidisciplinary Management of Ewing’s Sarcoma of Clavicle: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay , Gupta Srinath , Vora Tushar , Laskar Siddhartha
Published: September 2021

Objectives Ewing’s sarcoma is best treated using a multidisciplinary approach. We discuss the functional and oncological outcomes of clavicular Ewing’s sarcoma which has been sparsely reported in literature.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent resections for Ewing’s sarcoma of clavicle from January 2002 to December 2017. The study end points were locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) at 3 and 5 years, and functional outcomes measured by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores.

Statistical Analysis The LRFS, DFS, and OS were calculated and analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test.

Results Data of 21 patients (male: 12, female: 9) was analyzed with a mean age [range] of 15.3 [6–40] years. Total clavicle excision was done in 62% (13 of 21) while 38% (n = 8) had partial resections. Radiotherapy was administered in 15 patients (71.5%). At a median follow-up of 42 months (range: 7–198), data of 20 patients was available for follow-up. Ten patients died (due to disease: nine, other reasons: One), eight are disease free and alive, one had metastasectomy on recurrence and is disease free and, one patient is alive with disease and on palliative chemotherapy. The LRFS, DFS, and OS were 95, 59, 65% and 95, 47, 59% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. The functional evaluation done for nine patients who are free of disease showed a mean MSTS score of 29 (range: 27–30; total clavicle excision: 28.5, partial clavicle excision: 29.5).

Conclusion Patients with Ewing’s sarcoma of the clavicle who underwent resection without reconstruction have acceptable local control rates and excellent functional outcomes.
Do Patients of Chronic Low Back Pain have Psychological Comorbidities?
Authors: Singhal Kritika , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Pakhare Abhijit P. , Behera Prateek , Santoshi John Ashutosh
Published: September 2021

Background Individuals with chronic pain have been reported to have an increased incidence of psychological morbidities. We aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, disability, alexithymia, insomnia, and sleep quality in patients having chronic low back pain (LBP) and study their association with the severity of pain and any disability arising from it.

Methods This descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital setting. Fifty adults with nonspecific LBP of > 6-week duration were included. Study instruments employed were patient health questionnaire-9 for depression, generalized anxiety disorder-7 for anxiety, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) to assess disability, Toronto alexithymia scale-20 for alexithymia, and insomnia severity index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index for insomnia. Descriptive results were expressed as numbers, means, and proportions. Association study between variables was performed using Fisher’s exact test.

Results Mean ODI score was 31.54% (95% CI, 26.09–36.99); mean VAS score was 6.08 (95% CI, 5.35–6.81). Insomnia of varying severity was found in 29 patients. Sleep quality was reported as good by 23 patients. One patient had alexithymia. There was significant association between the level of disability and depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sleep quality. The severity of pain had significant association with insomnia but the association with anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and sleep quality was not significant.

Conclusions Patients with chronic LBP do have associated psychological comorbidities of varying extent. A “patient-centric” approach when treating patients with chronic LBP is necessary, so that appropriate evaluation of psychiatric and psychosocial comorbidities, sleep problems, and quality of life is done as part of their routine management to ensure the desired outcomes.
Effects of Femorotibial and Tibiotarsal Joint Ranges of Motion on the Gastrocnemius Muscle-Tendon Working Length in the Canine Cadaveric Limb
Authors: Sugiyama Takanori , Woodward Andrew , Ryan Stewart D.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to describe changes in the length of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit between the medial fabella and the calcaneus (MF-C) at different femorotibial joint (FTJ) and tibiotarsal joint (TTJ) angle combinations in the canine limb.

Study Design This is an ex vivo kinematic study.

Animals Canine cadaveric pelvic limbs (n = 11).

Procedures One cadaveric pelvic limb was dissected to identify the anatomical origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit for the radiographic landmark determination. The radiographic landmarks of the FTJ and TTJ were identified by lateral view radiographs. A series of lateral radiographs were evaluated to measure the linear MF-C at all combinations of the FTJ and TTJ angles. A mathematical model was defined for MF-C.

Results The MF-C is associated with the FTJ and TTJ by a linear trigonometric relationship. Higher rate of increase in the MF-C was observed when the FTJ was > 135 degrees and the TTJ was < 125 degrees, compared with when the FTJ was <135 degrees and the TTJ was >125 degrees in all groups.

Conclusions Thirty degrees of free range of motion of the TTJ between 140 and 170 degrees did not elongate MF-C in this cadaveric limb study.

Clinical Relevance Some degrees of free range of motion may be possible in the TTJ during tendon healing based on our cadaveric study without causing excessive change in the MF-C, although this concept should not be applied until isometric contractions of muscles are clearly understood. The relationship between the MF-C and tension at tenorrhaphy should be evaluated.
Displaced Radial Neck Fractures in the Paediatric Age Group Fixed with the Modified Metaizeau Technique: Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kansay Rajeev Kumar , Kothari Siddharth , Soni Ashwani , Jindal Rohit , Garg Sudhir Kumar , Shail Sumukh
Published: September 2021

Background Radial neck fractures in the pediatric population represent up to one percent of all pediatric fractures. Judet type III and IV radial neck fractures present difficulties in closed and open reduction. The Metaizeau technique has been used as a tool to reduce these. We present a case series of 17 patients with Judet III and IV type of radial neck fractures treated with a modified Metaizeau technique.

Materials and Methods Seventeen patients, eight male and nine female with Judet type III and IV radial neck fractures over a two-year period were managed with modified Metaizeau technique as described in the text. The follow up period in our Prospective Interventional study was of six months The outcomes were scored using the Mayo elbow Performance score.

Results Fourteen patients had excellent scores, and three had good scores. Union rate was 100%. Fourteen patients were managed with closed reduction using the modified Metaizeau technique. Three patients required additional Open reduction, out of which one had reduced ROM as an outcome at the end of six months.

Conclusion The modified Metaizeau technique is an extra articular, easy to learn procedure with good to excellent results in Judet type III and IV radial neck fractures.
Beyond Eurocentrism: Kautilya’s realism and India’s regional diplomacy
Authors: Dar Arshid Iqbal
Published: September 2021

The article is a modest attempt to deparochialize Eurocentrism embedded within the discipline of International Relations by examining Kautilya and his Arthashastra. Kautilya’s text serves as a potent non-Western theoretical and conceptual reservoir to engage with and thereby to interrogate the Eurocentric realist tradition. The subject matter of Arthashastra precisely earns him the title of ‘first great political realist’ because much of the bedrock assumptions of realism that Europe came to know very late, Kautilya had in ancient India grasped them. Therefore, his Arthasastran realism offers an indigenous theoretical toolkit to examine India’s strategic culture. In fact, Kautilya’s realism is there in the DNA of India’s strategic culture and has been the default strategy for South Asia as India still perceives the region through the historical sub-continental prism. Nevertheless, its application varied across leadership. However, the rise of Modi had revitalized the dynamic of Arthashastra by openly and boldly embracing Kautilya as vividly underscored by his ‘Neighborhood First’ diplomacy in South Asia. Thus Kautilya apart from being a non-Western begetter of the realist tradition offers a reliable understanding of India’s regional diplomacy in the subcontinent.
Influenza B viruses: underestimated and overlooked
Authors: Koutsakos Marios , Kent Stephen J
Published: September 2021

Influenza B viruses circulate globally every year causing respiratory disease with significant clinical and socio-economic impacts. IBV are considered exclusive human pathogens with no established animal reservoirs, which suggests with concerted effort it may be possible to eradicate this virus from human circulation. However, this requires a deeper understanding of IBV virology and immunology and the design of vaccines that induce universal immunity to antigenic variants of IBV.
Viral fossils in marsupial genomes: secret cellular guardians
Authors: Harding Emma F , Yan Grace JH , White Peter A
Published: September 2021

Genomic viral integrations, termed endogenous viral elements (EVEs), are fragments of viruses in host chromosomes that provide information about viral evolution and could even help protect the host from infection. In the present study we examined EVEs in thirteen different Australian marsupial species to identify trends in their integration, commonality and to investigate their possible cellular function. We found that marsupial EVEs are commonly derived from viruses of the Bornaviridae, Filoviridae and Parvoviridae families, and circulated up to 160 million years ago. We also show the EVEs are actively transcribed into both long and short RNA molecules in marsupials, and propose they are involved in a cellular defence mechanism to protect the germline from viral genomic invasion.
Radiation survey and environmental impact assessment at the site of temporary storage at Andreeva Bay (16 years of studies)
Authors: Shandala N K , Sneve M K , Seregin V A , Filonova A A
Published: September 2021

The site of temporary storage for spent fuel and radioactive waste at Andreeva Bay is a largest nuclear legacy site in the Russian Northwest. The radiation situation within the industrial site and in the surrounding health protection zone (HPZ) is characterised by significant local contamination of the topsoil, which is a source of environmental contamination and potential spread of radioactivity within and outside the HPZ, including the adjacent marine environment. The highest levels of radioactive contamination of soil due to manmade radionuclides have been registered around the spent nuclear fuel storage facilities, where the specific activity of Cs-137 reaches 5 × 107 Bq kg−1, and that of Sr-90, 5.7 × 106 Bq kg−1. Determination of the mobility of these main dose-forming radionuclides has demonstrated that about 90% of the Sr-90 and 30% of the Cs-137 in the soil are in a mobile form. The corresponding figures for bottom sediments are 75% and 60%. The assessment of the impact of contamination in the different areas of the Andreeva Bay site, and the assessment of the adequacy of the previously developed remediation criteria for environmental protection (Sneve et al 2015 J. Radiol. Prot.
35 571) demonstrated that when carrying out remedial work according to any scenario provided for in the Guidelines ‘Criteria and norms for remediation of sites and facilities contaminated with manmade radionuclides’, of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘The Northern Federal Enterprise for Radioactive Waste Management’ for the supervision area, recommendations for environmental protection are followed. For scenarios such as conversion and conservation, reference levels of biota exposure for some species of representative organisms could be exceeded, based on a preliminary conservative assessment.
A new precursor to diversify BCN architectures with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Yang Fanfan , Zhang Yu , Meng Xiaohuan , Zhang Tao , Qu Ge , Wang Kun , Zhao Wei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Zhong Bo , Xia Long , Wang Huatao
Published: September 2021

Hexagonal BCN (h-BCN) is considered to be a promising dielectric ceramic material with a hybrid B–C–N structure and an electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material with tenable properties. H-BCN bulk and microtube architectures are simultaneously synthesized by precursor pyrolysis method using BCl3, aniline (AN) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as the raw material. By analyzing its electromagnetic parameters, the effective absorption bandwidth of the sample cracking at 900 °C with the proportion of raw materials (DETA:AN = 1:1) can be up to 7.2 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss can reach −43.6 dB at 7.92 GHz with a thickness of 3.5 mm. Moreover, the EMW absorbing property of the ceramic can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of monomers, pyrolysis temperature, and cooling rates.
Spin transfer torque bias (STTB) due to domain wall resistance in an infinitely long ferromagnetic nanowire
Authors: Jana Apu Kumar , Jammalamadaka S Narayana
Published: September 2021

The shift of a magnetization loop along the magnetic field axis for a ferromagnetic (FM)/anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) system when it is cooled through Néel temperature of AFM layer is called exchange anisotropy or exchange bias. Here, using micromagnetic simulations we propose that spin transfer torque (STT) mechanism would indeed be helpful in realizing the shift of the magnetization loop along magnetic field axis through domain wall (DW) resistance for an infinitely long FM nanowire without having AFM layer, which we call as spin transfer torque bias (STTB). Essentially, STTB is realized on both positive and negative magnetic field axes by varying the angle between spin polarized current and Zeeman field from 0° to 180° respectively and the origin is attributed to helical motion of the DW. However, we do not see STTB at 90° due to coherent rotation of domain. We also ascertain that STTB is also a function of magnetic anisotropy, current density, polarization strength and non-adiabatic STT term. Variation in STTB for different FM systems such as Fe2CoSi, Ni80Fe20 and Fe is attributed to a change in DW width. We believe that present results would lead to a new dimension in the field of spintronics.
Integrating rock mechanics and structural geology in rock engineering
Authors: Harrison J.P. , Cosgrove J.W.
Published: September 2021

One of the major challenges facing rock engineers is that of establishing the bulk properties of the fractured rock mass on which or in which they are working. These are controlled principally by the geometry of the fracture network and the properties of the individual fractures. The network is built up by the superposition of separate fracture sets, each related to a geological event (burial tectonism and exhumation). In structural geology ‘fracture analysis’ is used to determine the order in which the sets are superimposed and knowing this, the 3D geometry of the network can be determined. Examination of the fracture surfaces can also reveal whether they are shear or extensional. Provided with this information the rock engineer can then combine it with site specific tests on the properties of the individual fracture sets and begin to quantify the likely physical behaviour of rock masses on an engineering scale. This paper presents a brief introduction to the concepts of fracture analysis, and goes on to show how these can usefully by integrated with typical rock mechanics analyses to give improved data for rock engineering design.
Experimental investigation of the system normal stiffness of a 5 MN direct shear test setup and the compensation of it in CNS direct shear tests
Authors: Larsson J
Published: September 2021

Experiments at constant normal stiffness (CNS) are normally carried out to understand underground shear processes of rock joints. However, in many test setups the available space around the joint is limited implying it is not possible to measure the dilatancy directly over the joint. Therefore, the displacement transducers must be in locations where the risk is that additional displacements originating from deficiencies in the test system will be measured causing too low normal loads to be applied. Herein, this issue is investigated in a new 5 MN direct shear test setup. The system normal stiffness was found to be about 11 300 kN/mm derived from normal loading up to 4.5 MN using a steel specimen. The direct shear testing performance under the CNS configuration was evaluated using the steel specimen, which had a joint with a known angle of inclination. The normal load error at 3.9 MN (28 MPa) was 11%, but by application of the effective normal stiffness approach using the system normal stiffness as input the error basically could be eliminated. The results demonstrate the robustness of the setup designed for joint areas up to 400 × 600 mm with normal and shear loads up to 5 MN.
Experimental program on mechanical properties of large rock fractures
Authors: Jacobsson L , Ivars D Mas , Kasani H A , Johansson F , Lam T
Published: September 2021

Predictions of fracture displacements are required to support the safety assessments of a deep geological repository for nuclear spent fuel. Laboratory and in-situ experiments are used to estimate these properties. Despite significant contributions in the last decades, there is a knowledge gap in terms of the impact of high normal stresses on the mechanical properties of large-scale fractures under Constant Normal Stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions. Within the framework of the POST project, a cooperative effort was made by SKB (Sweden), NWMO (Canada), and Posiva from Finland (in phase 1) to study these questions. In the second phase of the POST project, a first of a kind direct shear testing machine was manufactured and calibrated that can accommodate samples up to 400 × 600 mm under normal stresses up to 10 MPa, for both CNS and Constant Normal Load (CNL) conditions, with the ability to shear the sample up to 50 mm. Several best practice procedures were developed for fracture characterization pre-, syn-, and post-shear test which utilize high resolution optical scanning, contact pressure measurements, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements, and acoustic emission measurements during the shear test. Natural and tensile-induced fractures of a granitic rock as well as replicas of the hard rock fractures, at three different fracture sizes of 35×60 mm, 70×100 mm, and 300×500 mm, are now being tested. It is hoped that this program will provide a set of high-quality data which will help reduce the knowledge gap in the understanding of fracture behavior.