bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Halal Product Certification and Price on Cosmetic Purchasing Decisions in Student FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua
Authors: Ana 'Arifah  , M. Anang Firdaus  , Wira Kafryawan
Published: January 2024

The main problem in this study is that there are still many cosmetic products that have not been halal certified and the purchasing power of female students for cosmetic products is quite high, in other words can halal certification have a significant influence on cosmetic purchasing decisions for female students of FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua. This study aims to determine the effect of halal product certification and prices on cosmetic buying decisions for female students of FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua. The type of research used is quantitative research and the type of data used is primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires usingscale likert. The sampling method is obtained by techniquenon probability sampling. With the number of respondents 70 female students of FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua based on the specified criteria/characteristics. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that Ha accepted and HO rejected. This means that there is a significant effect of halal product certification and prices both partially and simultaneously on the decision to purchase cosmetics for FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papuan students. This can be seen from the value of tcounthalal product certification variable is 3,550 > ttable 1996. And t valuecountprice variable of 12,253 > ttable 1996. In addition, the calculation results of fcountof 179,139 > ftable3.13, halal product certification and prices simultaneously have a significant effect on cosmetic purchasing decisions for FEBI IAIN Fattaul Muluk Papuan studen
TEACHERS’ TPACK DEVELOPMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ilahude Fidya Felinda , Inawati Iin , Pratolo Bambang Widi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the characteristics and trends in 25 research articles published from 2018 to 2022 on English teachers’ TPACK development issues and to find themes that emerge from the articles analyzed. The research articles reviewed in this study were based on the following criteria: (1) peer-reviewed studies, (2) TPACK-related studies in the ELT context, and (3) published within the last five years. These articles were searched electronically using search engine databases such as SpringerLink, Proquest, and ERIC indexed by SCOPUS. The research results showed that the research design employed by the articles reviewed were case study (55%), descriptive studies (15%), quasi-experiments (5%), collaborative action research (10%), mixed methods (5%), and exploratory survey research (10%). It was found also that there were five common themes of findings, including (1) comparisons of pre-service, in-service and teacher formation programs on TPACK in ELT, (2) reflections on overcoming the complexities of TPACK for EFL Teachers, (3) video projects in TPACK, (4) implementation of the TPACK Framework by English teachers due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and (5) application of the TPACK framework by developing Indonesian EFL teachers' TPACK online. Based on the literature review analysis, this research's pedagogical implications are expected to increase technology readiness and the use of English language instructors in various teaching and learning contexts in the classroom.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Denarti Rizki , Damayanti Ika Lestari
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the kind of students' motivation in studying English, whether they had intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, and to explore what kind of motivation would impact students with higher scores in their achievement. Using random sampling, this study employed 53 first-grade students from the population of 324 from Senior High School in Bengkulu. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using Likert Scale, descriptive statistics, and Pearson Correlation in SPSS. The results showed that the students have intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in learning English, with a total mean score of intrinsic motivation of 4.14 and extrinsic motivation of 3.87, and they are categorized as having high levels of motivation. However, when the data was correlated with motivation, it was shown that intrinsic motivation has a weak correlation (r= 0,327) with achievement; meanwhile, extrinsic motivation does not relate. From this finding, the researcher would state that motivation does not significantly impact students with higher achievement.
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES OF ESP LEARNERS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN DURING AND POST-PANDEMIC SITUATION
Authors: Febriyanti Emma Rosana
Published: January 2024

Several studies have highlighted the importance of language learning strategies (LLS) for second and foreign-language learners. These strategies have played a significant role in distinguishing between more successful and less successful language learners. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 brought about unprecedented changes in the teaching-learning process, with a shift towards online platforms. This study aimed to determine what language learning strategies were applied by the 85 learners of the Mathematics and Biology Departments, ESP (English for Specific Purposes) learners taking English courses during and after the pandemic. In addition, this study also investigated whether there are any similarities or differences in the language learning strategies employed by using comparative design. To collect data, the researcher utilized the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning from Oxford (1990), translated into Indonesian, to ensure clear comprehension among the learners. Descriptive statistics for means and standard deviations were then used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that, regardless of the circumstances, the students applied all strategies in their learning. Then, they consistently applied the metacognitive and memory strategies more frequently than others.Additionally, the findings indicated that the students utilized the social strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the affective strategy was employed somewhat in the post-pandemic period. The outcomes of this study have significant implications as they raise awareness among learners and ESP instructors about the benefits of employing language learning strategies. Recognizing and utilizing these strategies can significantly enhance language learning outcomes. By understanding the preferred strategies employed by students during different periods, instructors can tailor their teaching approaches accordingly to maximize the effectiveness of language instruction.
A Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem megalapításának története
Authors: LÁNYI Gábor
Published: January 2024

The History of the Foundation of Károli Gáspár Reformed University
Plans to found a Hungarian Reformed university in Transylvania were conceived during the reigns of princes Gábor Bethlen (1622) and Ákos Barcsai (1658, then at the initiative of János Apáczai Csere), but unfortunately external circumstances prevented the establishment of such a university. At the end of the 18th century, the idea was raised again in Pest (József Vay, 1796). However, the circumstances made it only possible to establish a joint Evangelical-Reformed theological faculty (Pál Török, Theological Academy of Pest, 1855). In 1993, under the more favourable conditions of the regime change, the longed-for university could be founded, with the merger of the Theological Academy and the Teachers’ College of Nagykőrös and the establishment of a faculty of humanities in Budapest. Our study presents the circumstances, processes, debates, and key personalities behind the founding of the university 30 years ago.
A vallásosság összefüggései a mentális egészséggel és a jólléttel a Covid-19 világjárvány idején
Authors: RIXER Judit , FERENCZI Andrea
Published: January 2024

The Relationship of Religiosity with Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The relationship between religiosity and mental health is a popular area of research in the psychology of religion. A considerable body of research supports the positive effects of religion on both psychological and physical well-being. The present research aimed to explore the links between these areas during the coronavirus pandemic. In our quantitative online study, we analysed data from 2,269 (1,022 men and 1,407 women, mean age 43 years, SD = 16–95 years) healthy individuals aged 16 years and over. A complete test battery was used for the analysis, including the DUREL Religiousness Questionnaire and the PHS-WB General Well-Being Scale, as well as a question on faith in God. Our results show that our dimensions of religiosity: belief in God, institutional and non-institutional religiosity, and intrinsic orientation are positively related to two dimensions of general well-being, mental and social well-being. Those who regularly practise their religion in an institutional setting, report significantly better mental and social well-being than those who are not regular religious practitioners.
Current state and problems of reliability of power supply systems of electrical complexes of industrial enterprises
Authors: Babanova I. S.
Published: January 2024

In accordance with the Energy Strategy of Russia until 2035 and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "Improving the reliability and quality of power supply to consumers of electric energy through the introduction of new technologies and optimization of the activities of territorial grid organizations", the issues of improving the reliability of power supply of electrical complexes of industrial enterprises in a market economy are of particular importance.

This article presents the results of a survey of managers and specialists of the services of the chief power engineer of industrial enterprises, representatives of design institutes, equipment manufacturers, university researchers on the existing problems of reliability of power supply systems of industrial enterprises. The expediency of substantiating the identification of the current situation by the main reliability indicators and their relationship in the existing economic conditions for calculating the reliability of power supply systems is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the responses of respondents of energy services is presented, their interpretation is given.

The main problems in the following blocks are identified: the quality of the enterprise's energy supply and its reliability; the reliability of energy distribution within the enterprise and control of the influence of installed electrical equipment on the quality of the electrical network; knowledge regarding reliability and interest in carrying out such calculations. Recommendations are given on the identified problems, including the analysis of individual indicators of reliability of power supply to industrial enterprises.
Method of calculation of temperature parameters and service life of 10 kv cable lines
Authors: Tsitson I. I. , Gracheva E. I.
Published: January 2024

This study is based on the analysis of the methodology for calculating the temperature parameters of 10 kV cable lines and calculating the service life of insulation under various operating conditions, as well as identifying dependencies that allow the most accurate selection of cable parameters during operation at industrial facilities. The results of the study can be used to improve the energy efficiency of enterprises, and contribute to reducing the number of emergency failures of cable lines that may occur due to thermal breakdowns caused by incorrect choice of cable parameters under certain operating conditions, which may cause an increase in production costs in general. Conducting research and calculations of temperature parameters of cable lines at a voltage of 10 kV with different laying methods and with different capacity factors according to the climatology of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as identifying key dependencies that will enable to draw appropriate conclusions on the operation of cables in the conditions under consideration. The article uses methods for calculating temperature parameters and cable service life, as well as methods for processing the data obtained as a result of calculations, including the method of function approximation. Special software is also used to visualize the results obtained after the calculations. The results of calculations of temperature parameters of 10 kV cable lines for various laying methods, with different types of insulation and with different capacity factors according to climatology of the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Calculations of the service life of cable lines under the conditions under study have been made and conclusions have been drawn on optimal cable loads that will not lead to premature thermal aging of insulation under certain operating conditions. The initial data for the calculations and the methodology used comply with GOST standards for cable lines. The results of the study and the calculations performed can be used to evaluate and select the optimal load of cable lines under selected conditions at the design stage of power supply systems.
Recreational experience among beach users in Ghana: Insights for beach management
Authors: Dzitse Collins Dodzi , Doku Spencer , Mwinnuore Moses Kukpieng
Published: January 2024

The connections between environmental quality and recreational experience outcomes at beaches are relevant data for sustainable coastal tourism management. This study, explores pollution perceptions and beach recreational experience factors among users. Data were collected from onsite beach users (N =309) in Ghana. The study used the Factor Analytic Model to explore the recreational experience factors in the study. Differences in users' recreational experiences were also analysed and established using the T-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed three recreational experience factors among beach users: Practical/escapism, Exciting and Aesthetic. Overall, Ghanaian beaches in Accra were vastly perceived as polluted. This has negatively dampened users' recreational experiences at the beaches, which has implications for revisit intentions. Respondents' age, continent of origin, gender, marital status and nationality were also found to be determinants of recreational experiences among beach users. The study recommends that the Ghana Tourism Authority, as the regulator, must closely and imminently collaborate with the local government, Environmental Protection Agency and local beach operators to develop specific requirements and standard operating procedures for managing and licensing beaches in Accra and throughout the country to help address this issue.
Indian Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801) and their conservation perspective
Authors: Basu Saikat Kumar , Das Subhamoy , Cetzal-Ix William
Published: January 2024

The Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801), population in India has been relatively stable. They are listed as a Schedule I species in the Wildlife Protection Act of India, which provides them with legal protection. However, several natural and anthropogenic factors are cumulatively putting significant challenges towards the successful conservation of the various populations and sub-populations of the Saltwater crocodiles in their natural habitats across India. Hence, it is important to understand the factors impacting their population decline and identifying the strategies and policies necessary for successful long term conservation of this majestic reptilian species across their natural habitats in India. The current study makes a multi perspective introspection of the successful conservation efforts of the Indian Saltwater crocodile.
Enzymatic Assay of Immobilized β-D-Galactosidase Enzyme on Magnetite Nanoparticle
Authors: Al-Hajjar Ruaa Lateef Noor , Taha Ekhlass M. , Farhan Ahlam M. , Shaalan Naser
Published: January 2024

According to the high operational costs, low stability, and reusability of enzymes, immobilization by nanoparticle gathering has increased in recent years. Iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄) have been prepared by mixing one volume of iron dioxide ions and two volumes of iron trioxide ions with HCl via the precipitation of iron salts by NH₄OH. The features of magnetic nanoparticles have been studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The prepared Fe3O4 was used in the adsorption method to immobilize the galactosidase enzyme. The immobilized enzyme has been compared with the crude one by optimizing time, PH, temperature, substrate solution concentration, and enzyme solution concentration. As a result, the immobilized enzyme has exhibited higher activity over long storage times, and a wide PH and temperature range than crude enzyme. In addition, whatever the substrate and enzyme concentrations, the activity of the immobilized enzyme increased over the non-immobilized one. As a result, a lower Km value for immobilized D-galactosidase indicates a higher affinity for the substrate than crude D-galactosidase.
Influence of Rotation and Inclined Magnetic Field with Mixed Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in an Inclined Symmetric Channel on Peristaltic Flow with Slip Conditions
Authors: Mohaisen Hatem Nahi
Published: January 2024

In paper, we study the impact of the rotationn inclined magnetic felid and inclined symmetric channel with slip condition on peristaltic transport using incompressible non-Newtonian fluid. Slip conditions for the concentration and heat transfer are considered. We use the conditions on the fluid, namely infinite wavelength and low - Reynolds number to simplify the governed equations that described - motion flow, energy and concentration. These equations ofroblem are solved by the perturbation technique and restricted the number of Bingham to a small value to find the final expression of the stream function. The Bingham number, Brinkman number, Soret number, Dufour number, temperature, Hartman number and other parameters are tested. The effects of different values of these parameters are discussed and illustrated graphically through the set of figures. Numerical results are computed by using MATHEMATICA software.
Convexity Properties for Integro‑Differential Operators Proposed by Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Type Functions
Authors: Khudhuir Layth T. , Ali Ahmed M. , Al-Janaby Hiba F.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, new integro-differential operators are introduced that defined by Salagean’s differential operator. The major object of the present study is to investigate convexity properties on new geometric subclasses included these new operators.
Geospatial Data Analysis of School Distribution in Baghdad City
Authors: Alatta Hassan J. , George Loay E. , Behadili Suhad Faisal , Sayyid Baqer H. , Ali Maryam Hussain
Published: January 2024

Education and lifelong learning are necessary components of daily city life for urban communities to encourage sustainable and positive communities. The study attempts to analyze the actual school distribution patterns and densities in Baghdad, the Iraqi capital. The significance of this study is that it is associated with one of the essential aspects of humanity: the improvement and affluence of schooling; it impacts school attendance limitations and educational evolution. The education process has been inextricably tied to students' timely and orderly entrance to their schools. Hence the decision maker and planner are concerned by this. The statistics examined elementary and high schools, and the investigated data are related to the Ministry of Education that was available in 2004. Regarding spatial analysis and results assessment, this work employs Microsoft Excel techniques, ArcGIS, C# simulator, and the buffer methodology. It has depicted the school densities and assessed the distances between them using spatial analytic techniques. The study reveals that the school distribution is uneven, and there is a disparity among neighbors in the spatial distribution. Also, the in-between distances of observed schools formulate four significant patterns. At the same time, this study offers important information about the spatial distribution of schools as a significant influencing indicator. In the future, it will be beneficial to investigate the student's geographical accessibility to their residence and the transportation to/from these schools.
Leachate Characterization and Evaluation of Ground Water Quality Around Landfill Area Using the Canadian Council Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index
Authors: Jalal Sayran Yousif , Darwesh Dalshad Aziz
Published: January 2024

Municipal solid waste generation, management, and dumping are economic and ecological concerns that metropolitan areas, particularly those in developing nations, must address. This study intended to ascertain the impacts of solid waste on the quality of groundwater around trash dumps located inside and surrounding landfill sites in the city of Erbil. Samples of groundwater, as well as two samples of leachate, were collected from eight wells situated near landfills during the dry and rainy seasons of August 2021 and February 2022. Several physico-chemical parameters, including pH, EC, NO2, NO3, alkalinity, HCO3, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, SAR, total hardness, and heavy metals, were evaluated in the samples. During fieldwork, water quality index (z) measurements for summer and winter were combined with longitude (x) and latitude (y) information gathered by GPS. Using the inverse distance weighting approach, integrated xyz data was interpolated in ArcMap GIS software to measure the groundwater quality of the research region. According the CCME Water Quality Index, wells 4 and 8 had WQIs ranging from fair to marginal in both the winter and summer seasons (WQI). According to the data, cadmium contents in summertime were much greater (0.430–2.066 mg. l-) than the WHO standard (0.003 mg. l-1), deeming them unfit for human use. And that the high lead level in the summer (0.843-2.600 mg. l-1) is caused by too many Pb batteries being thrown away.
Plasma Characterization of Microwave Plasma jet at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Abdulwahab Hiba M. , Humud Hammad R.
Published: January 2024

The microwave induced plasma jet (MIPJ) system was built using local materials and based on a tapered waveguide. The parameters of this plasma were determined like electron temperature Te, electron density ne. the other parameters such as plasma frequency( fp), the Debye length( λD), and the number of particles in the Debye sphere( Nd) It has also been studied. The study were done at different Ar flow rate ranging from (2-10) l/m and a discharge tube diameter ranging from (2-10) mm. all of these parameters were determined depending on the MIPJ spectrum. it turned out that there is a high possibility of controlling the parameters of MIPJ through manipulating these parameters.
Design and Feasibility Study of A Stand-Alone Home Pv Solar System in Baghdad Climate
Authors: Oleiwi Fadhil Mahmood , Hameed Jabir Shaker , Dahloos Jaber.O.Dahloos
Published: January 2024

The question asked by all researchers is when solar panels will replace the national grid, especially in the domestic sector. In this study, a rooftop stand-alone solar electric system is designed to provide all the electrical power to a house in Baghdad-Iraq, using a (How to design PV system) simulation program. The feasibility of this system compared to the performance of the national electric grid and the system of private diesel generators is determined. The proposed solar system capacity is (25 kW), and the space required and the energy payback time are (360 m2 and 7.82 years), respectively. By using the current system, the net CO2 mitigation amount is 499,518.2 tons for 30-year. The kilowatt-hour costs for the subsidized national grid, private diesel generators, and the present solar system is 0.01865$, 0.1509$, and $0.108, respectively. The kilowatt cost can reach 0.25kWh if the battery replacement cost is estimated; so photovoltaic systems are still a good choice to generate electricity instead of using the national grid. If solar PV systems to generate electricity are used instead of the national grid, the financial and environmental profits will be good enough. The reason for the study is because the costs of off-grid solar PV systems are high, no specific studies have emerged on such vital topics. Currently, loans from government banks have reduced the impact of this negative factor
The Effect of Doped TiO2 Layer on the Performance and Stability of PCDTBT: PCBM-based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Al-hashimi Mohammed K. , Abdulameer Ameer F. , Banimuslem Hikmat A. J. , Rahaq Yaqub
Published: January 2024

Charge extraction layers play a crucial role in developing the performance of the inverted organic solar cells. Using a transparent metal oxide with appropriate work function to the photoactive layer can significantly decrease interface recombination and enhance charge transport mechanism. Therefore, electron selective films that consist of aluminium-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Al) with different concentrations of Al (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2)wt %  were prepared using sol-gel technique. The inverted organic solar cells PCPDTBT: PCBM with Al doped TiO2 as electron extraction layer were fabricated. It is well known that Al doping concentration potentially affects the physical characteristics of the TiO2 by controlling the optical, morphological, and structural properties. The effect of Al incorporation on the optical and morphological properties of the prepared films were analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current–voltage (J-V) curves of the PCPDTBT: PCBM organic solar cells show that the TiO2:Al layer with 0.8% Al wt%, has the highest power conversion efficiency which is 3.02%.
Hydrochemical and Environmental Isotope of Groundwater Samples in Al- Khassa Sub-Basin, Kirkuk, Northeastern Iraq
Authors: Al-Kahachi Shatha A. , Al-Tamimi Omer S. , Al-Tawash Balsam S.
Published: January 2024

Hydrochemical study of groundwater has carried out for the Al-Khassa Sub-Basin during the October 2020 and May 2021 seasons for estimating the impacts of seasonal variation and human activity on water quality and using the isotope to determine the main source of recharge. It was found that Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand  (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were out of the standard indicating that the groundwater environment was reduced and difficult to recover from pollution.  Physical and chemical properties that were high (Total Dissolved  Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS),  Electrical conductivity (EC),  Total Hydrocarbon (THC)). Partial pollution by  nitrate and phosphorous due to the use of fertilizers for these elements.  The contamination  by manganese, molybdenum and boron was present in all samples of the two seasons, and partly for lead and mercury due to fertilizers, agricultural activities, the presence of animal and poultry ranches, besides the poor sewage system in the basin based on a septic tank. Washing polluted agricultural soil by rain lead to polluting groundwater. From the environmental isotope analysis (δ2H and δ18O), the isotopic compositions of precipitation were used to construct a local meteoric water line for the study area. The isotopic compositions of groundwater samples were situated to the left of the Global meteoric water line (GMWL), suggesting input of local rainfall that derives from weather front originating from the Mediterranean Sea. Comparing the isotope composition of groundwater and precipitation showed that the infiltrated precipitation that was the main source of recharge to the aquifer system in the study area.
Petrophysical and Statistical Analysis of Main Pay of the Zubair Formation in South Rumaila Oil Field
Authors: Al-Samer Heba Ahmed , Al-Najm Fahad Mansour
Published: January 2024

The Zubair Formation is one of the major reservoirs of high production in the Rumaila oilfield, southern Iraq. The petrophysical properties analysis of the Upper Sand Member (Main Pay) of the Zubair Formation was conducted. The study includes results analysis of four wells distributed along the South Rumaila oilfield. Using a set of open well-logs, the main pay was divided into three main pay (AB, DJ and LN) units separated by two insulating shale units (C and K). The unit DJ was subdivided into three secondary reservoir units: D, F, H and the LN unit, which is split into L, M, and N. The research also includes the statistical analysis of the petrophysical properties, the calculation of the heterogeneity of the reservoir, and the cluster analysis of the upper sand member. The results indicated that the petrophysical specifications are good. Whereas, the results of the statistical analysis showed that the study wells were heterogeneous reservoirs that could be and were divided into four facies (Sand, Shaly Sand, Sandy Shale and Shale) depending on the log data.
Randomness of Stream Cipher Digital Sequences in the Field GF(28)
Authors: Ali Adnan Muhammad , Ali Faez Hassan , Redha Sabah Manfi
Published: January 2024

A binary stream cipher cryptosystem can be used to encrypt/decrypt many types of digital files, especially those can be considered huge data files like images. To guarantee that the encryption or decryption processes need a reasonable time to encrypt/decrypt the images, so we have to make the stream cipher key generator that acts quickly without effect in the complexity or randomness of the output key binary sequences. In this paper, we increase the size of the output sequence from binary to digital sequence in the field  to obtain byte sequence, then we test this new sequence not only as binary but also -sequence. So we have to test the new output sequence in the new mathematical field. This is done by changing the base of the randomness tests and extending Golomb’s postulates from binary to . Some theorems and lemmas are proved to find the new testing laws that are suitable to the new sequences field. The results of using the extended randomness tests are compared to the results of binary randomness tests to guarantee that the decision of pass or fail is identical, the results also prove the precision of identicalness.
Diabetes Diagnosis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Khudair Ali Hassan , Radhi Abdulkareem Merhej
Published: January 2024

Hyperglycemia is a complication of diabetes (high blood sugar). This condition causes biochemical alterations in the cells of the body, which may lead to structural and functional problems throughout the body, including the eye. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal degeneration induced by long-term diabetes that may lead to blindness. propose our deep learning method for the early detection of retinopathy using an efficient net B1 model and using the APTOS 2019 dataset. we used the Gaussian filter as one of the most significant image-processing algorithms. It recognizes edges in the dataset and reduces superfluous noise. We will enlarge the retina picture to 224×224 (the Efficient Net B1 standard) and utilize data augmentation methods to enhance the dataset photographs, and balance the dataset (which was quite uneven), to avoid overfitting. By using Transfer learning we save training time by using a previously learned deep CNN and transfer learning weights. In this research, EfficientNetB1 is compared against Xception, InceptionV3, MobileNet, and ResNet50 as a deep transfer learning model. The proposed model's accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score are all examined. The EfficientNetB1 model outperforms all others in terms of overall testing accuracy (86.1%), sensitivity (87.24%), precision (97.6%), and F1-Score (89.32 percent). This approach might help physicians diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy earlier.
Methodologies, Requirements, and Challenges of Cybersecurity Frameworks: A Review
Authors: Khaleefah Alaa Dhahi , Al-Mashhadi Haider M.
Published: January 2024

As a result of the emergence of new business paradigms and the development of the digital economy, the interaction between operations, services, things, and software across numerous fields and communities may now be processed through value chain networks. Despite the integration of all data networks, computing models, and distributed software that provides a broader cloud computing solution, the security solution is missing or inadequate, and more work is required to strengthen security requirements such as mutual entity trustworthiness, access controls, identity management, and data protection, all aspects of detecting and preventing attacks or threats. In order to combat cybersecurity threats, various international organizations, academic universities, institutions, and organizations have been working hard to establish cybersecurity frameworks (CSFs). This paper describes CSFs from the perspectives of standard organizations such as ISO CSF and NIST CSF, as well as several proposed frameworks from researchers, and briefly discusses their characteristics and features. The common ideas described in this study could be helpful for creating a CSF model in general.
Investigating the Optimal Duration of the Sun Exposure for Adequate Cutaneous Synthesis of Vitamin D3 in Baghdad City: Depending on Fitzpatrick Skin Classification for Different Skin Types
Authors: Al-Timime Noor S. , Al-Salihi Ali M. , Hameed Ahmed A.
Published: January 2024

Vitamin D3 deficiency is regarded as a public health issue in Iraq, particularly during the winter. Sun exposure is the main source of vitamin D3, where the surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in human health. The amount of time that must be spent in the sun each day was determined for the amount of exposed skin, for all skin types, with and without sunscreen under clear sky conditions in the city of Baghdad (Long 44.375, Lat 33.375). UV index data was obtained by TEMIS satellite during the year 2021. From data analysis, we found that most days during the year were within the high level of ultraviolet radiation values ​​in the city of Baghdad, and most of them were during the summer, where the person needed less time of exposure to sunlight to obtain vitamin D3 in the case of exposing the face and hands or the whole body. As a result, it can be concluded that the amount of UV radiation is affected by several factors: depending on latitude, day of the year, time of day and the season, body area exposed to the radiation, and use of sun protection factor. These factors influence the time of sun exposure required to initiate cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis.
Evaluating the Development of the Crescent Visibility Criteria
Authors: Taher Mohammed Y. , Abdulla Fouad M.
Published: January 2024

Predicting the visibility of the lunar crescent drew great attention during the Middle Ages, especially among Muslims, because the dates of religious practices in Islam and calendars, in addition to being aware of the motion of the moon in its orbit, are based on the lunar month.
 This paper aims to study the development of crescent visibility criteria from ancient times through the medieval period to the modern update. Some basics and astronomical terms related to crescent visibility are presented and then a comprehensive view of crescent visibility criteria is examined by surveying about 54 published research papers related to the issue of crescent visibility. Each research paper is summarized, classified, and the results evaluated. Also, the previous studies are divided into two parts, including the ancient and medieval ages, which depend on the visual observations of the naked eye. We found that predicting the crescent’s visibility started at the end of the Islamic era. The second part shows that at the beginning of the twentieth century, engineering criteria were introduced into research for the prediction of crescent visibility, then physical engineering criteria, weather conditions, and observer location on the Earth's surface were introduced. Currently, modern technologies have been introduced, such as CCD cameras and image processing technology. The study concludes that there are no 100% accurate criteria that correspond to the truth and completely match the observations, as these criteria need improvements by increasing the number of observations and introducing modern technologies to the crescent's visibility prediction.
Horan Valley Basin Geomorphological Aspects Assessment by Integrating Hypsometric Analysis with Remotely Sensed Morphometric Characteristics
Authors: Jawad Laith A. , Zaeen Ahmed A. , Hamood Tariq Z.
Published: January 2024

The extraction, study, and accurate interpretation of the morphology database of a basin are the basic blocks for building a valid geomorphological understanding of this basin. In this work, a new approach is presented which is to use three different GIS based methods to extract databases with specific geographical information and then use the concept of information intersection to make a realistic geomorphological perspective for the study area.
In the first method, data integration of remote sensing images from Google Map and SRTM DEM images were used to identify Horan basin borders.
In the second method, the principle of data integration was represented by extracting the quantitative values of the morphometric characteristics that were affected by the geomorphological condition of the studied basin, such as the shape factor, circulation factor, and relief ratio, then eliciting an optimal conception of the geomorphological condition of the basin from the meanings and connotations of these combined transactions.
The third method used the same principle by taking the optimal inferences from the integration of the interpretation of the values of the Hypsometry integration coefficients for each area in the basin separately with the integration value of the drawing curve for the relative heights of the basin areas with their relative areas. It was found, from the values of the coefficients, that the areas (A, B, C, D, and F) were still in the early stages of youth. Whereas the E region was in the maturity stage and the G region was in the monadnock stage of the geomorphological cycle. As for the integral value of the curve, it indicated 48. 559 % erosion from the surface of the basin only, and that its boundaries were subject to change and widening.
Triple-P Panel (Procalcitonin, Presepsin and Pentraxin3) to Confirm Sepsis
Authors: Kadim Muayad Mahdi , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O.M.
Published: January 2024

A total of 65 blood samples (25 culture positive sepsis and 40 culture negative sepsis) from patients with sepsis symptoms who resided in the ICU of Hilla city hospitals, were collected, as well as 25 samples as a control (healthy persons) during a period from January to June 2022. Data was documented at the time of admission to the ICU. Regarding PSN and PCT concentration (P value= 0.001), the control group had a significant difference from both the two patients’ groups (culture positive and negative groups of sepsis). Whereas the difference was not significant for the PTX3 concentration among patients and control (P value = 0.56). Furthermore, PSN and PCT concentrations did not significantly differ between the culture positive and culture negative groups of sepsis (P value > 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant strong positive correlation between PSN and PCT (r = 0.500; P <0.001).
Holistyczna opieka nad kobietą w czasie pandemii COVID-19 – znaczenie współpracy ginekologa i lekarza rodzinnego
Authors: Luwański Dawid , Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna , Warchoł Emilia , Kaczmarek Ada , Drejza Michalina , Plagens-Rotman Katarzyna , Kędzia Witold , Pisarska-Krawczyk Magdalena
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of holistic care for women, the cooperation of a gynecologist with a family doctor is particularly important. Deterioration of health, including sexual health, is observed, which may have a potentially long-term negative multidimensional impact on the functioning of women, secondary cycle disorders, also dermatological or dermatological problems. In addition, many women face additional burdens during a pandemic, such as supervising their children while studying at home and working remotely at the same time. During a pandemic, the practice of a family doctor and gynecologist is observed in female sexual dysfunction, depressive symptoms and fear. Prolonged blockage greatly increases women’s sense of loneliness. It is important for physicians to pay special attention to such problems as family physicians, gynecologists, sexologists and mental health counselors, as well as violent and abusive partnerships. Any action aimed at developing preventive and intervention measures to mitigate any negative effects of a pandemic is important.
Badania olejku konopnego Cannabis aetheroleum
Authors: Kaniewski Ryszard , Strzelczyk Małgorzata , Rajewicz Zygmunt , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Hemp essential oil (Cannabis aetheroleum) is obtained by steam distillation of hemp panicles, harvested in full flower.It is characterized by a specific odor derived from volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3-karen, myrcene, limonene, β-felandrene, cis-ocymene, trans-ocymene, α-terpinene, trans-α-bergamotene, β-caryophylene, β-humulene, β-farnesene, β-selinene, selina-3.7(11)-diene and others) and optical activity, it turns the plane of light polarization to the right. Exhibits antimicrobial properties (bacteria, yeast fungi, dermatophytes). Aim. Analysis of the chemical composition of essential hemp oil obtained at different harvest times, testing of optical rotation and conducting research in the field of safety of use and dermatological safety in humans. Material and methods. The material for the research was French varieties of fibrous hemp Futura 75. Samples subjected to steam distillation came from two harvest dates: September 8-19, 2020 (sample 1) and October 9-12, 2020 (sample 2). In the obtained samples of essential oils (1 and 2), the content of the main biologically active components was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The safety of using a cosmetic preparation containing hemp essential oil was investigated. Dermatological tests were also performed for the skin compatibility test and the optical rotation of the oil was assessed. Results. The tested samples of essential oil (1 and 2) were similar content of the components, the so-called terpene profile. The exceptions were α-pinene and cannabidiol, which were determined 3 times more in sample 2. Different oil contents were obtained in relation to the load depending on the date of harvesting cannabis (more at a latter harvest date). Based on the toxicological profile of the ingredients, the finished product and the fragrance composition, its safety for human health and the absence of side effects has been demonstrated. On the basis of the skin compatibility test, no allergic reactions to the use of cannabis oil were found. The optical rotation of the product was determined in the range [α] D = +2.26 – +2.470. Conclusions. The efficiency and content of the tested components of hemp oil were higher in the samples obtained from the harvest of the raw material between 9-12.10.2020. The research showed safety and no allergies after using the oil as a cosmetic preparation.
Resweratrol – budowa, właściwości i wpływ na organizm ludzki
Authors: Gryta Katarzyna , Paradowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol from the stilben group. It was first isolated in 1940 from the roots of the white hellebore. It is produced by plants in response to stress, cuts, infections or strong UV radiation. It affects the resistance of plants to pathogens through its fungicidal action. It is found in red wine, chocolate products, peanuts, vegetables, and a variety of berries. Resveratrol is often the main ingredient in plants and fruits used in folk Chinese and Japanese medicine. Resveratrol has been studied by the international MONICA project monitoring mortality, morbidity and risk factor reduction associated with cardiovascular disease and has been performed in 21 countries at 38 centers. Resveratrol has a variety of potentially life-prolonging properties: cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-cancer. It is believed that due to its beneficial properties and non-toxicity, it should be part of a daily, varied and balanced diet.
Lambert Property-Based Swarm Search Algorithm for the Multiple-Rendezvous Trajectory Optimization
Authors: Xu Hang , Song Bin , Guo Yanning , Ma Guangfu , Li Xinglong , Liu Lujiang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the multiple-rendezvous trajectory optimization problem is studied, which refers to optimizing rendezvous epochs for a single spacecraft to service multiple targets. It is found that the problem has multiple properties, such as a predictable trough number in each dimension. A novel Lambert property-based swarm search algorithm (LPSSA) that incorporates this problem-specific knowledge is proposed to improve efficiency. The design aims to improve the global search capability in the prophase and the local search capability in the anaphase. The algorithm has two different branches and is switched by a proposed complexity index. When the index is relatively large, the initial variables are distributed in some priority trough regions, and the update mechanism is divided into three stages. When the index is relatively small, the initial variables are first distributed to all trough regions and then selected. Multiple subpopulations search independently in the iterative process, and an annexation mechanism is introduced. An improved method for handling boundary conditions is applied in both branches. Besides, the improved mechanisms can also be combined with other swarm search algorithms. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method has a more stable convergence performance and a more optimal solution than the conventional algorithms.
Stability Analysis for High-Speed Boundary-Layer Flow with Cavities
Authors: Feng Shuo , Tu Guohua , Yang Qiang , Wang Bofu , Zhou Quan , Chen Jianqiang
Published: January 2024

This study uses direct numerical simulation and stability analysis methods to investigate the impact of wall cavity defects on the instability of boundary layers at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For flow at [Formula: see text], synchronization points with equal phase velocities in both fast and slow modes play a crucial role in controlling disturbance wave growth. When the inlet disturbance wave frequency ([Formula: see text]) approaches the synchronization point frequency, the impact of cavity size on the growth of the disturbance wave can be divided into three regions in the ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) plane, namely, region A, region B, and region C. Region A refers to small cavities with [Formula: see text], which have the weakest suppression effect. Region B includes large cavities with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and exhibits the best suppression effect. Finally, region C covers cavities with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and shows a non-monotonic control effect on the growth of disturbance wave as the cavity depth varies. For flow at [Formula: see text], cavities of different sizes always enhance the growth of disturbance waves. The widest and shallowest cavities ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) exhibit the most significant enhancement.