bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSES PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DALAM GADAI SAHAM MELALUI LEMBAGA ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA (LAPS) SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN
Authors: El Salwa Dinda Nisa , Pranoto '
Published: September 2024

This article aims to find out the process of settling share pawn disputes through the Institution of Financial Services Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution (LAPS). The research method used in this article is normative juridical research, with a statue approach. The sources of law materials used in this article are primary and secondary legal materials. The result of this article, show that the pawn dispute settlement process can be carried out in 2 (two) attempts, through the court or outside the court. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) established an Institution of Alternative Dispute Resolution (LAPS) for the Financial Services Sector which integrates with several dispute resolution institutions. Alternative dispute resolution on share pledges outside the court can be done through mediation, arbitration, or adjudication through the Institution of Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution (LAPS) in Financial Services Sector.
PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF THE DIGITAL REGULATOR OF THE DIESEL GENERATOR SET FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE
Authors: Aleksandrov Yevgen , Aleksandrova Tetiana , Kostianyk Iryna , Lyshevski Sergey
Published: September 2024

The object of research is the dynamic processes of high-quality electric power generation by a diesel generator set (DGS) with a digital fuel supply regulator. The subject of research is the methodology of choosing varied parameters of the digital fuel supply regulator, which ensure high stability of the frequency of the generated voltage in conditions of a wide range of changes in the external load on the part of electric energy consumers. The results obtained. A mathematical model of the disturbed motion of the diesel generator set was developed and varied parameters of the digital fuel supply regulator were determined. With the application of the combined algorithmic optimization method, which is a combination of the Sobol grid method and the Nelder-Mead method, in the plane of the varied parameters of the regulator, the values of these parameters were found, which deliver a minimum to the integral quadratic functional, which is a quantitative indicator of the degree of non-uniformity of the digital fuel supply regulator of the DGS. Conclusions. The use of a digital electronic fuel supply regulator instead of a hydromechanical regulator in a diesel of DGS significantly improves the quality of generated electricity relative to the stability of the three-phase voltage frequency at the output of the diesel generator set.
The Analysis Of Organizational Structure Mapping At Cv Kolaborasi Pemuda
Authors: Satria Oscar
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted at a start-up company, CV Kolaborasi Pemuda Cerdas which has a complex organizational structure for a start-up company, namely the organizational structure for the business sector and also social community organizations. The purpose of this research is to find out how the company carries out human resource structure mapping, how the implementation of their organizational structure functions, and also how they overcome obstacles that occur in mapping their employees. This research uses qualitative methods by conducting interviews and observations to obtain research data. With this research, it is hoped that it can provide information and solutions to increase the effectiveness of the management of a company or organization in accordance with the work environment and employees.
Acquisition Program Enhancement of Event Manual through Banking Application Festival in Surabaya
Authors: Dwiputri Irena Livia , Naba Jennifer Lusiana , Marchalina Leonis Marchalina
Published: September 2024

The banking industry is one of the crucial foundations of Indonesia's economy. The use of event marketing strategies has become an essential promotional tool in expanding the reach of potential customers, one of which is applied by X Banking Company through the X Banking Application Festival. This study focuses on the X Banking Application Festival and limits its scope to the festival's implementation in Surabaya. The aim of this study is to enhance the acquisition program through the implementation of an event manual for the next X Banking Application Festival. The research method used is qualitative by conducting interviews with 7 informants who were involved in the X Festival in Surabaya and field observations based on internship activities. By employing tools, such as rich picture and fishbone diagram based on the DMAIC framework, Event Product Life Cycle, Event Manual, and Event Report, the identified priority issue is “The Failure to Achieve the Acquisition Program Target”. The results show that  X Banking Company has not been able to meet the customer acquisition program targets at the X Banking Application Festival due to the absence of an event manual in the preparation process. This root cause was identified through analysis using fishbone diagram and interrelationship diagram tools. Given this issue,  X Banking Company needs an event manual as a development solution to help improve team productivity in achieving customer acquisition targets at future X Banking Application Festival events.
Analysis Implementation Standard Operational Procedur In Field Of Correspondance Pt Elang Mas Asia
Authors: Putri Amelia , Destria Kurnianti  , Susan Febriantina
Published: September 2024

This thesis research was conducted at PT Elang Mas Asia with the aim and purpose of knowing the application of knowing the Standard Operating Procedures implemented in the Field of Correspondence at PT Elang Mas Asia have run as stipulated in the Standard Operating Procedures and to find out whether there are still obstacles during implementation. This research is prepared using descriptive analysis methods This research is prepared using descriptive analysis methods with results obtained through data collection techniques using observation, interview, and documentation methods, Data validity techniques using triangulation methods and data analysis techniques using interactive methods including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.
        The results of this study show that the standard operating procedures at PT Elang Mas Asia have met good standards and criteria for an SOP, but in its application researchers found a problem in the implementation of the correspondence SOP at PT Elang Mas Asia has not run optimally because there are several obstacles that become problems in the management of incoming and outgoing mail, one of the obstacles is the existence of inadequate facilities and infrastructure For SOP Implementation
Analysis Of the Financial and Non-Financial Performance of the Bogor District Office (A Case Study of The Public Works And Spatial Planning Office)
Authors: Novianisa Rany , Pahala Indra , Ulupui I Gusti Ketut Agung
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the financial and non-financial performance of the Bogor District Office, especially in terms of public works and spatial planning. This method is applied to measure the financial performance using the independence ratio, activity ratio, efficiency ratio, and growth ratio and measure the non-financial performance of the Office using the Community Satisfaction Survey based on the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform RT Regulation Number 14 of 2017. Through a case study approach, data will be collected and analyzed from various sources, including financial data and community satisfaction surveys. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis.
Analysis of the Use of Digital Payments at Foresthree Coffee Transyogi
Authors: Resya Alfianty  , Osly Usman  , Suherdi
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research is to find out how digital payments are used at Foresthree Coffee Transyogi, to find out the obstacles to using digital payments at Foresthree Coffee Transyogi, and also to find out solutions to overcome the obstacles faced when making transactions using digital payments at Foresthree Coffee Transyogi.
       This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach that focuses on observing phenomena or events in the original conditions obtained. In collecting data sources, researchers collect data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data collection in this research was collected directly from the original source using data collection techniques with interviews, observation and documentation.
       Based on the results of this research, it can be seen that the use of digital payments at Foresthree Coffee Transyogi makes it quite easy for baristas and consumers to carry out transactions. However, using digital payments is not yet an option, this can be seen from consumers' choices when making transactions. There are problems in the form of problems with the system and an unstable internet connection that makes it dependent on the internet. Based on these obstacles, there are several suggestions, namely carrying out routine maintenance to prevent technical problems, checking the device before use to minimize the occurrence of problems, carrying out regular evaluations to identify and fix problems, and providing a stable internet connection to ensure smooth transactions.
The Implementation of Technology-Based Accounting Information Systems to Enhance Organizational Performance at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo
Authors: Rudding Nurul Oktaviani
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the implementation of an Accounting Information System (AIS) based on the latest technology to improve organizational performance at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo. This research employs a quantitative method and a case study approach, with data obtained from 120 respondents and analyzed using IBM SPSS 29. The results show that the application of technology in AIS significantly enhances operational efficiency, financial reporting accuracy, and managerial decision-making. F-tests and T-tests confirm that the independent variables (technology in AIS and information quality) have a significant simultaneous and partial impact on organizational performance. In conclusion, the implementation of technology-based AIS at this university improves efficiency, reduces human error, and supports strategic decision-making.
Internal Communication Analysis at Bank BJB Syariah KC Bogor
Authors: Muhammad Kafin Abda'u  , Puji Wahono  , Terrylina Arvinta Monoarfa
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted at Bank BJB Syariah KC Bogor. The aim of this research is to find out a picture of the company's internal communication in order to design an internal communication strategy to minimize the communication barriers faced. The population of this study were employees of Bank BJB Syariah KC Bogor and 4 samples were taken as informants. The analysis of this research was prepared using a descriptive approach to provide a comprehensive picture of this research. Data for this research was obtained through observation, interviews, documentation and literature study methods. Triangulation technique is used as a data validity technique. The analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of research regarding internal communication at Bank BJB Syariah KC Bogor include: 1) The internal communication structure is based on the organizational hierarchy structure, namely vertical and horizontal and in its application uses direct channels, direct action and digital media. 2) Obstacles faced include lack of information transparency, late information distribution, and miscommunication. 3) Strategies to overcome obstacles, namely providing open discussion spaces, communication training, and effective application of digital media. 4) The key factors for the success of internal communication are management's commitment to opening effective communication channels, sophisticated digital communication media, and the practice of implementing the organization's work culture values. The advice given is from the agency. The suggestion given is to hold internal communication training for employees to maintain or improve their communication skills.
Ta’uwa dan Tuwalanga antara Filosofi, Sains, dan Akuntansi Syariah
Authors: Abdullah Mei K.
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to find the application of the Planting Season Calendar of traditional farmers in Gorontalo to predict the income and costs of farmers. This research contributes to the exploration of intangible assets in agriculture (Planting Season Calendar) that can be used by farmers as a whole or can even be used as a reference for generations. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews. The data analysis method used is the descriptive analysis method with interpretive paradigm approach. The results showed that the Planting Season Calendar used by farmers consisted of 3 seasons and only 2 seasons were used by farmers, namely Ta'uwa and Tuwalanga. This planting season calendar for farmers is an intangible asset, prediction, budgeting, and cost management tool. In addition, even though farmers have knowledge about this calendar, they still do their best efforts by carrying out agricultural activities effectively and efficiently. The farmers were self-taught (knowledge), carried out cost management well and effectively (endeavor) but did not make them forget God. They realized that no matter how clever they were at calculating the movement of stars (Poliyama), estimating rainfall, estimating pest-free time, they were still inseparable from the control and power of God (Postmodernism).
Peningkatan Daya Saing Pesantren; Kontribusi Good Corporate Governance dan Informasi Akuntansi Melalui Kinerja Organisasi Pesantren di Kota Jambi
Authors: Faturahman Faturahman , Fikri Atar Satria , Tanjung Ferry Saputra
Published: September 2024

Testing the contribution of good corporate governance and accounting information to the competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools through the organizational performance of Islamic boarding schools in Jambi City is the focus of the objective. The associative descriptive type was used in this research. The population and sample are modern Islamic boarding schools in Jambi City using non-probability sampling techniques, namely Islamic boarding schools that have been operating for more than 5 years. Meanwhile, respondents were selected using a purposive technique which included Islamic boarding school administrators, Islamic boarding school students, Islamic boarding school parents, and the general public. The samples obtained were 9 Islamic boarding schools from the 12 currently existing Islamic boarding schools. Linear regression was used to evaluate the data. Based on research findings, good corporate governance and financial information both contribute significantly to the competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools. Meanwhile, good corporate governance really helps the competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools, but accounting information does not. good corporate governance and financial information make a significant contribution to the competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools through organizational performance.
The Dissemination of Religious Moderation Through the Policy of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs
Authors: Qoumas Yaqut Cholil , Binti Mohd. Hussain Rosila Bee , Bin Abdul Rahim Rahimin Affandi
Published: September 2024

This paper is a reflection on the policy of Moderasi Beragama (religious moderation) launched by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2019, which has been incorporated into the 2020-2024 Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN, Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah). Moderasi Beragama is a strategic policy implemented by the Ministry of Religious Affairs for half a decade and has resulted in several accomplishments up to this point. This study sheds light on the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ efforts to disseminate religious moderation through the ministerial policy by reviewing the implementation journey since its official enactment. The study results reveal that the policy of Moderasi Beragama has been effectively working over the past five years, particularly within the Ministry of Religious Affairs itself, and has the potential for further development in the future. Although it still has a long way to go to become a “national habitus,” this policy has managed to attain certain achievements in accordance with its road map throughout the past five years.
Time-series reduction for dynamic vector model attribute representation in a geographic information system : exploration of procedure
Authors: Drouillard Matthew , Lewis Michael
Published: September 2024

Spatiotemporal data, generally in the form of temporal rasters, can be used to analyze phenomena, such as weather patterns or other environ-mental conditions, that vary in time and space. However, spatially extensive datasets over large periods of time become cumbersome to visually represent and to analyze efficiently. In addition, the ability to compactly assign the information contained in the raster time series to overlain vector data model objects and to effectively visualize it is lacking. These two drawbacks can limit the ability to use such data in field-based applications, where nimble data size and computational efficiency may be paramount. This body of work pursues a method for efficiently reducing spatiotemporal data into aggregated yearly patterns for data reduction and puts forth a new concept of vector data model attribute representation called dynamic vector model attribute representation.
NEOICHNOLOGY OF A MICROTIDAL CARBONATE INTERTIDAL ZONE: ABU DHABI, U.A.E.
Authors: BROWN DREW , CORLETT HILARY , KIBBLEWHITE TOM , WHITAKER FIONA , ZONNEVELD JOHN-PAUL , GINGRAS MURRAY
Published: September 2024

The Abu Dhabi coast, particularly the supratidal zone known as the “sabkha”, has been a subject of geological interest in recent decades due to its relevance as an analogue for subsurface petroleum reservoirs. The intertidal zone (Al Qantur lagoon) has received less attention, especially regarding neoichnological investigations. This study addresses this research gap by combining modern sedimentological and neoichnological observations. Three recurring depositional textures are identified in the sediments examined: the bioturbated peloidal grainstone, microbially laminated bindstone, and bioclastic rudstone. Observed burrows are generally of two types; those attributed to worms (Nereis polychaetes) and those to decapod crustaceans. Crustaceans homogenize sediments in distal areas by excavating dwelling structures, while worms act as mobile deposit feeders. The relatively low complexity and diversity of burrowing morphologies in Abu Dhabi are attributed to heightened environmental stressors, including salinity, heat, and subaerial exposure, as well as upward seepage of hypersaline continental brines. Porewater analyses indicate a stabilization of salinity within burrows, suggesting the infauna irrigate their burrows to cope with elevated salinity. Crustacean burrows enhance solute advection in the lower intertidal zone by increasing substrate permeability, facilitating the penetration of less-saline surface waters to greater depths. This study provides a unique neoichnological examination of Abu Dhabi’s intertidal zones and assesses the impact of bioturbation on solute advection, an aspect often overlooked in contemporary carbonate sedimentological studies.
Calculation Modeling of Adsorbed and Bulk-Phase Oil Resources Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Xu Zhenhua , Wang Yuhan , Lei Zhengdong , Liu Yishan , Tian Yapeng , Liu Pengcheng
Published: September 2024

Nanopores prevalent in shale reservoirs significantly impact shale oil occurrence characteristics due to the strong intermolecular forces between crude oil molecules and the pore walls. Unlike bulk-phase oil, which is more readily recoverable with current technologies, the behavior of oil within these small-scale environments presents unique challenges. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) to investigate the characteristics of shale oil in slit nanopores, with the goal of refining a model that estimates the quantities of both bulk and adsorbed oil in shale reservoirs. We constructed models for three types of nanopores—organic graphene, illite, and quartz—using n-hexane (n-C6H14) as a proxy for shale oil. Our analysis reveals that mineral composition significantly influences fluid adsorption capacity, ranked as graphene > illite > quartz. Unlike prior research, we found that the critical flow pore diameter, which dictates the transition from adsorbed to free-flowing oil, cannot be simplistically equated to the combined thickness of adsorption layers. Specifically, in graphene pores with a diameter of 3.8 nm, the fluid mass density at the pore center still exhibits adsorption layer characteristics, forming up to nine layers. Building on these insights, we revised the shale reservoir resource estimation model to account for adsorption variances across different pore types. Our findings highlight the significant role of adsorbed oil in nanopores within shale reservoirs. Data from the Gulong shale oil block in the Daqing oil field indicate that adsorbed oil constitutes 37.15% of geological reserves, while bulk-phase oil accounts for the remaining 62.85%. This research provides essential data for accurately calculating shale oil reserves in nanopores, which are crucial for the effective exploitation of shale oil reservoirs.
Discovery of authigenic apatite pellets in rare-earth elements-rich deep-sea sediments
Authors: Liao Jianlin , Wang Dajin , Sun Xiao-ming , Hong Gang , Deng Yinan , Yao Weiqi , Manceau Alain , Koschinsky Andrea
Published: September 2024

Deep-sea sediments rich in rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) have gained worldwide interest because of the increasing demand for REY in green-energy technologies, aiming to establish a carbon-neutral future. Bioapatite fossils (Ca5(PO4)3-x(CO3)xF1+x) are regarded as the main REY host in marine deposits, however, their quantity is disproportionally low compared to the abundance of phosphorous and REY in deep-sea sediments. Here, we report novel pellets of abiotic authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (AA-CFA) that contain over ~23,000 μg/g REY, thus serving as another significant REY host in deep-sea sediments. We show that phosphorous likely originates from P-bound hydrothermal Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, and that AA-CFA is a previously overlooked P sink in open ocean settings. We also show that AA-CFA pellets can record and preserve the neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition of bottom seawater. Altogether, the findings reshape our understanding of deep-sea REY deposits and P cycling, and highlight the potential of AA-CFA pellets as a new proxy for tracing water mass circulation.
Assessing Rock Avalanche and subsequent Debris Flow Propagation: Comparison between Numerical Simulations and Empirical Relationships in a Context of Frontally Confined Propagation
Authors: wolff charlotte , Jaboyedoff Michel , Pedrazzini Andrea , Gutierrez Amalia
Published: September 2024

Rock avalanches, characterized by rapid and high energy flows of fragmented rock material down slopes, pose significant risks in mountainous regions. Anticipating their potential impact area and run-out distance is crucial in the scope of hazard assessment. Two main approaches, empirical and numerical, are commonly employed for this purpose. Most research uses these methods for back-analyzing past rock avalanche events, where the runout distance and impacted areas are known. But in this study, focusing on the Cima del Simano instability (Swiss Alps), the potential impacted area and the maximum run-out distance are evaluated for two potential future scenarios of failure, named S1 and SS1, characterized by a volume of 4.30\(\:\times\:\)106 m3 and 2.30\(\:\times\:\)106 m3, respectively. Empirical power-law relationships are applied to estimate run-out distances. They are confronted with results obtained with numerical simulations, using the Voellmy rheology model where the two parameters describing the flow behavior are carefully selected based on a literature review. The analysis reveals challenges in matching empirical and numerical results in a context of a propagation frontally obstructed by the presence of an opposite valley flank, because most of the landslide inventories do not account for the geomorphology and topography of the propagation areas. Nonetheless, a maximum run-out distance is suggested by comparing the results. Additional information regarding the probability of run-out exceedance and the maximum distance impacted by the rock avalanche blast is also provided, based on landslide inventories from different studies. In addition, based on the numerical simulations, this work identifies potential locations in gullies where debris can accumulate during rock avalanche propagations. The accumulation of materials due to successive rockfall or rockslide events can fill the channels present on the west flank of the slope. They can trigger in the future more frequent debris flow events and/or mobilize larger volumes of materials. A debris flow susceptibility assessment through numerical simulations is conducted helping in the assessment of the maximum run-out distance susceptible to be impacted by future debris flow events. The results align with the locations of previous debris flow and snow avalanche events recorded by the Ticino canton. However, the accumulation of debris from rock avalanches will increase the frequency and quantity of mobilized material, leading to propagations over larger areas. This work offers valuable insights for hazard assessment, emphasizing the importance of the topography during the propagation and the complexity of cascading events.
Enhancing conservation breeding practices of ruffed lemurs using scent signals
Authors: Elwell Emily , Young Christopher , Kaburu Stefano , Palframan Matthew , Vaglio Stefano
Published: September 2024

Zoos play a crucial role in contributing to lemur conservation via ex situ conservation breeding programmes, but mismatches between captive and wild environments can impact upon breeding success. We aimed to develop a novel scent enrichment based on female fertile odours to enhance welfare and breeding success of captive ruffed lemurs (Varecia spp.). We identified 12 volatile compounds from the anogenital odour secretions of a female red-ruffed lemur (V. rubra) distinguishing the fertile chemical profile using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, which we used to develop a biologically-relevant scent enrichment. We presented this enrichment to four zoo-housed groups of red-ruffed and black-and-white ruffed (V. variegata) lemurs. We assessed the effects of the scent enrichment by combining behavioural observations with faecal endocrinology (measuring cortisol and testosterone). We found a significant increase of olfactory behaviours and a significant decrease of inactivity after presenting the enrichment; however, faecal cortisol concentration also increased significantly. We also found that sexual behaviours significantly increased and, crucially, mounting was triggered in males, while faecal testosterone concentration increased but not significantly. Thus, we argue that our newly designed scent enrichment has the potential to improve conservation breeding practices and success in zoo-housed ruffed lemurs.
Reproductive biology of the original hydrothermal hairy snail, Alviniconcha hessleri, from the Mariana back-arc
Authors: Hanson Nova , Bates Amanda , Dufour Suzanne
Published: September 2024

Many life history traits of hydrothermal vent fauna are undescribed, yet this knowledge is crucial for the accurate assessment of the vulnerability of vent endemic species, which are endangered by anthropogenic impacts in the deep-sea. Here we advance the knowledge of life history traits in Hessler’s hairy snail, Alviniconcha hessleri, a dominant gastropod harbouring chemosynthetic endosymbionts endemic to hydrothermal vents along the Mariana back-arc. Snails were collected from sites at four hydrothermal vent fields to quantify reproductive periodicity using histology, larval developmental mode using oocyte and protoconch-I size, and differences in oocyte size across diverse venting environments. Results indicate that A. hessleri shares some of the same traits as other vent gastropods: continuous oogenesis and consistent provisioning to oocyte size, regardless of local vent fluid chemistry. A maximum oocyte size of 93 µm indicates planktotrophy for this species but could not be further supported using protoconch size due to excessive shell degradation. Our results suggest that this species maximizes reproductive output and oocyte quality, expected as a response to unpredictable environmental conditions to ensure the continued maintenance of existing populations and the establishment of new populations. Although the life history traits of A. hessleri may convey high reproductive and dispersal potential, the realized range of this species is limited to seven vent fields. Thus, this species may be vulnerable to habitat disruption due to its reliance on a restricted habitat, even though it has life history traits adapted to high environmental variability.
Applications of Rice Husk Cellulose Nano-crystals in Edible Wrappings
Authors: Nwanna E. C. , Nwabanne J. T. , Orakwe L. C. , Chukwuma E. C. , Oyeoka H. C. , Okafor C. E. , Okpala C. D. , Ibenta M. E.
Published: September 2024

Rice husk (RH) constitutes environmental challenge in rice producing areas, due to poor waste management. Research on application for high value use of RH is critical for rice mills in developing countries because rice husk is an abundant, available, and renewable waste material in the region. In this work, cellulose nano-crystals (CNC) from rice husk was re-inforced with gelatin/carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) nano-composite film for use in food packaging and was made via the solution casting method. CMC-gelatin nano-composites re-inforced with CNC were successfully made using the solution casting process. Using gelatin, carboxyl methylcellulose and CNC film, the effects of the CNC content were examined using mechanical characteristics, total dissolved solid (TDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed how the gelatin, carboxyl methyl-cellulose, and CNC films that were created had needle-like geometries. They had sizes of 8–21 nanometers in diameter, 81–286 nanometers in length, a 17 aspect ratio, and a 0.83 crystallinity index. The addition of five percent weight and ten percent weight CNC lead to homogenous nano-composite films, showing a nice like-mindedness betwixt CNC and gelatin/CMC. The CNC disseminate faultlessly throughout the matrix. The thickness (TKS) increased from 0.13 µm to 0.25 µm, the tensile strength (TSS) raised through 6.80 MPa to 7.70 MPa then elongation at break (EAB) reduced from 80.44–68.68% with the inclusion of CNC. The nano-composite films' TDS likewise dropped, from 72–65%. The outcomes show that using gelatin/CMC reinforced with CNC has several benefits because it is a naturally occurring, affordable, and plentiful material that can serve as a substitute for many non-degradable, oil-based materials.
A mechanical force sensor controls touch-triggered floral organ movement through manipulation of calcium signature in Torenia fournieri
Authors: SU SHIHAO , Zhou Xuan , Li Binghou , Li Jiahuizi , Sun Yufei , Xie Ruohan , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Xiao Shi , Xin Guo-Rong
Published: September 2024

Rapid movements of plant structures triggered by mechanical force has been documented for centuries. Previous studies showed that cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) acts as a key signal mediating touch response and leaf movement in Mimosa pudica and several carnivorous plants, however, how plant cells sense mechanical stimuli and thereby produce the Ca2+ signals to generate a rapid response remains an outstanding question. Here we show the central role of a mechanosensitive channel gene in touch-triggered rapid stigma movement of Torenia fournieri. T. fournieri possesses a bilobed stigma that is sensitive to mechanical stimuli and close rapidly within seconds. Using calcium imaging, we detected that touch triggers a rapid wave of [Ca2+]cyt that is necessary for stigma movement. Transcriptomic sequencing unveiled distinct transcriptional atlas between stigma and style tissues, and we further identified two mechanosensitive ion channel genes, JUE1/2, which are preferentially expressed in the stigmas. Stigmas of jue1 CRISPR mutants showed complete loss of response to mechanical stimuli, while stigmas of jue2 mutants were still mechanosensitive, supporting JUE1’s function as a mechanical sensor. We further demonstrated that JUE1 is required for generation of the touch-induced [Ca2+]cyt wave, since [Ca2+]cyt wave was not detected in the jue1 mutant. To conclude, we report a plant mechanical sensor involved in touch-triggered organ movement via manipulation of calcium signature.
Audio-Textual Emotion Recognition using Pre-trained models: Investigating Various Representations and Fusion Techniques
Authors: Tafti Zahra Dehghani , BabaAli Bagher
Published: September 2024

Emotion recognition is vital in Human-Computer Interaction, enhancing artificial intelligence with emotional intelligence. Given the multimodal nature of human conversations, emotions can be detected through various modalities, leading to more accurate recognition. This makes multimodal emotion recognition a popular yet challenging research area. In this study, we focused on recognizing emotions from both audio and text modalities on the IEMOCAP dataset. We utilized transfer learning and fine-tuned transformer models for each modality, aiming to minimize the number of trainable parameters in the final system. One of the main challenges in multimodal emotion recognition lies in effectively fusing different modalities. To address this, we employed early fusion, cross-modal fusion, and late fusion techniques to integrate information from the audio and text models, using representations extracted from different layers of each model. Our results indicate that using the average of mean pooling across all layers for each modality, combined with an early fusion approach and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, achieved the best performance. This approach resulted in an unweighted average recall (UAR) of 78.42%, a weighted average recall (WAR) of 77.75%, and a cross-entropy loss of 0.67, outperforming previous studies2.
Vehicle detection algorithm based on improved RT-DETR
Authors: wang yuhai , xu shuobo , wang peng , Liu Lele , Li yanshun , song ze
Published: September 2024

Vehicle detection algorithms are integral to intelligent traffic management and AI-assisted driving systems. However, the complexity and variability of traffic scenarios present significant challenges. Spatial pyramid pooling enhances a model’s ability to capture multi-scale contextual information by offering different levels of feature representation, which is particularly beneficial in complex traffic scenarios. In this study, we extend spatial pyramid pooling to Transformer-based models and introduce a linear spatial pyramid attention (LSPA) mechanism. This approach allows the model to focus on both global information and local details when processing vehicle image data. Additionally, we propose a spatial coordination filter (SCF) module to explicitly summarize spatial global dependencies and reduce spatial feature redundancy. To address computational costs, we employ partial convolution (PConv) in the model’s backbone network to minimize redundant computation. Experiments conducted on the BDD100K and KITTI datasets demonstrate that our model improves the mean average precision (mAP@50) by 2.7% and reduces model parameters by approximately 16% compared to the existing RT-DETR model. These findings confirm the efficacy and advantages of our proposed method.
Enhancing Crop Yield Estimation from Remote Sensing Data: A Comparative Study of the Quartile Clean Image Method and Vision Transformer
Authors: Thakkar Manan , Vanzara Rakeshkumar
Published: September 2024

The use of high-altitude remote sensing (RS) data from aerial and satellite platforms presents considerable challenges for agricultural monitoring and crop yield estimation due to the presence of noise caused by atmospheric interference, sensor anomalies, and outlier pixel values. This paper introduces a "Quartile Clean Image" pre-processing technique to address these data issues by analyzing quartile pixel values in local neighborhoods to identify and adjust outliers. Applying this technique to 20,946 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2003 to 2015 improved the mean peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) to 40.91 dB. Integrating Quartile Clean data with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models with exponential decay learning rate scheduling achieved RMSE improvements up to 5.88% for soybeans and 21.85% for corn, while Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models demonstrated RMSE reductions up to 11.52% for soybeans and 29.92% for corn using exponential decay learning rates. To compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art techniques, we introduce the Vision Transformer (ViT) model for crop yield estimation. The ViT model, applied to the same dataset, achieves remarkable performance without explicit pre-processing, with R2 scores ranging from 0.9752 to 0.9875 for soybean and 0.9540 to 0.9888 for corn yield estimation. The RMSE values range from 7.75086 to 9.76838 for soybean and 26.25265 to 34.20382 for corn, demonstrating the ViT model's robustness. This research contributes by (1) introducing the Quartile Clean Image method for enhancing RS data quality and improving crop yield estimation accuracy, and (2) comparing it with the state-of-the-art ViT model. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlight the potential of the ViT model for crop yield estimation, representing a valuable advancement in processing high-altitude imagery for precision agriculture applications.
Defect-mediated exciton localization and relaxation in CVD-grown monolayer MoS2
Authors: Gao Bo , Qu Jiafan , Wei Yadong , Zhao Liang , Tan Ruoxi , Li Weiqi , Shi Hongyan , Zhang Yueling , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji
Published: September 2024

Defects in CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 are unavoidable and provide a powerful approach to create single-photon emitters and quantum information systems through localizing excitons. However, insight into A- trion and B/C exciton localization in monolayer MoS2 remains elusive. Here, we investigate defect-mediated A- trion and B/C exciton localization and relaxation in CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 samples via transient absorption spectra. The localization rate of A- trions exhibits five times faster than B excitons, which is attributed to the distinctions in Bohr radius, diffusion rate and multi-phonon emission. Furthermore, we obtain unambiguous experimental evidence for free C exciton localization and the direct excitation of localized C excitons. Varying gap energy at the band-nesting region revealed by first-principles calculations explains anomalous dependence of localized C exciton energy on delay time. We also find that the rapid dissociation of localized C excitons features a short characteristic time of ~0.14 ps, while the measured relaxation time is much longer. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the defect-mediated excitonic relaxation and localization dynamics in monolayer MoS2.
A comparative analysis of residual stresses from friction stir processing of aluminum cast 380 and wrought 7075 alloy sheets: Experimental characterization and modeling
Authors: Balusu Kranthi , Samanta Avik , Shukla Shivakant , das hrishikesh , upadhyay piyush , Jana saumyadeep , soulami ayoub
Published: September 2024

Residual stresses are often overlooked in friction stir processing (FSP), but their significant impact on performance necessitates their consideration in optimizing processing parameters. The first step in this effort is to understand the effect of process conditions on residual stress distributions, especially in the context of different alloys. This study uses hole-drilling electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and the thermal pseudo-mechanical (TPM) model within finite element analysis to study the 3D residual stress distributions in friction stir processed thin aluminum sheets of two alloys under various conditions. Using this approach, three new aspects of residual stresses from FSP were experimentally revealed, and simulations explained the underlying mechanisms.
First, notable stress variation through the thickness was observed. In the A7075 alloy, stress gradually reduced from the tool shoulder side to the bottom surface, while in the AA380 alloy, stresses sharply increased near the surfaces. This is because the cast A380 alloy's surface material is significantly harder than its interior, i.e., due to the “skin effect.”. This study also clarifies the opposite effects of process temperature on residual stress: increased temperature reduced stress in AA380 but increased it in AA7075. This is because AA7075, with its higher yield stress, undergoes plastic deformation only during heating, unlike AA380, which deforms during both the heating and cooling phases. Lastly, residual stresses in AA380 increased with an additional pass due to material hardening from the initial pass. All these findings highlight the crucial role of yield stress and its variation with alloy type, location within the material, and the number of passes in determining residual stresses.
Tlb‑yolo: a rapid and efcient real‑time algorithm for box-type classification and barcode recognition on the moving conveying and sorting systems
Authors: Shen Liang , Li Xin , Yang Wei , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2024

In recent years, camera-based vision sensors utilizing YOLO neural network algorithms have increasingly replaced traditional sensors such as photoelectric sensors. Due to their advantages in cost and efficiency, applications in object classification and barcode detection have become more widespread in industrial and logistics sectors. This study addresses the real-time items classification and barcode detection by proposing the Transmission Line Barcode YOLO (TLB-YOLO) model. We made improvements to the YOLOv8 model by introducing several new components. We integrated the Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism into the backbone network to improve the model's sensitivity to object locations. The Wise-IoU loss function was employed to enhance localization accuracy, while the GSConv (Grouped Shuffle Convolution) and Slim Neck architecture were incorporated to boost detection accuracy and speed. The proposed model, with 3.8 million parameters and 8.5 GFLOPs, was trained on the COCO dataset, achieving an mAP0.5 of 68.1% and an mAP0.95 of 44.2%, which represent improvements of 7.9% and 5.2% over YOLOv8n, respectively. It attained a frame rate of 153.8 FPS. When retrained on a custom dataset incorporating synthetic data from Omniverse, the model demonstrated over 90% accuracy in detecting cardboard boxes, plastic containers, and barcodes. To resolve model export issues caused by the dynamic pooling layer, an equivalent code substitution was applied, enhancing inference speed. Testing on a Jetson Nano development board, with each experiment phase repeated 50 times, showed that the TLB-YOLO model achieved 100% detection accuracy for plastic containers side scanning, cardboard box top scanning, and barcode verification. The model’s detection accuracy and inference speed fully satisfy real-time detection requirements in practical scenarios.
Cloning, In Silico Characterization, and Physiochemical Analysis of the Zea mays PR-1 Gene: Implications for Developing Fungi-Resistant Transgenic Plants
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Zafar , Babar Zaher Uddin , Saif Sumaia , Saleem Ammara , Ahmad Nauman , Zulfiqar Asma , Shah Anis Ali , Iftikhar Muhammad , Shaffique Shifa , Gatasheh Mansour K.
Published: September 2024

Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) is a critical component of plant defense mechanisms, exhibiting significant antifungal activity. This study focused on the PR-1 protein from Zea mays and five other plant species wheat, barley, rice, oats, and rye to explore their physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics. The PR-1 gene was successfully isolated from Z. mays and amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Following cloning into the pET15b vector, the gene was expressed in BL21-DE3 (E. coli) cells. Induction with 1mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 4 hours at 37°C led to successful protein expression, as confirmed by 12% SDS-PAGE. The PR-1 protein exhibited resistance against a broad spectrum of oomycete pathogens, demonstrating its potential for developing fungi-resistant transgenic plants. The study revealed that PR-1 proteins from different plant species shared high sequence similarity, with identities ranging from 65–90%. However, their physicochemical properties varied based on plant origin. PR-1 proteins from cereals (maize, wheat, barley, and rice) were found to be more hydrophobic compared to those from grasses (oats and rye). Structurally, all PR-1 proteins adopted a similar three-dimensional conformation, featuring a central beta-barrel surrounded by alpha-helices. Functional assays confirmed that all six PR-1 proteins exhibited antifungal activity against a diverse array of fungal pathogens. The PR-1 protein from Z. mays, along with PR-1 proteins from other plant species, shows significant potential for agricultural biotechnology. By incorporating these genes into crop plants, it is possible to enhance their resistance to fungal pathogens, thereby advancing the development of more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems.
Unveiling the unseen: Exploring unmet needs among people living with HIV in Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Tarugu Jayanthi , Koni Kiranmayi , Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Udayasree K , Hema Kurugundla
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective: Discrimination, stigma, and social isolation pervade Indian society, significantly affecting HIV care outcomes. This study aims to investigate the perceived unmet needs of individuals living with HIV (PLWH).
Methods: This mixed-method study enrolled adult PLWH from ART centers in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire. Analysis encompassed descriptive and thematic approaches.
Results: Among the 94 participants, the mean age was 39 years (SD 12 years), and the average duration of HIV diagnosis was 8 years (SD 5 years). The majority were female (n=65, 69%) and residents of rural areas (n=74, 78.7%). While financial needs were most prevalent, other pressing concerns included employment, child's education, housing, nutrition, healthcare, and travel. Participants voiced apprehensions about administrative hurdles and varying degrees of social challenges, such as stigma and discrimination, when accessing social protection services.
Conclusion: PLWH exhibit diverse socio-economic needs for themselves and their families, many of which remain unmet due to multifaceted bottlenecks, encompassing administrative complexities, social barriers, and perceived stigma.