bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It will certainly be found that some words are literally repeated: Horecký’s hypersyntax
Authors: Faltýnek Dan
Published: January 2021

The article reflects the linguistic work of Ján Horecký in connection with hyper syntax and text linguistics. In his work Základy jazykovedy (Outline of linguistics) Ján Horecký remarks (1974, p. 90) that one of the principles of text construction is the literal repetition of certain words. We discuss this Horecký’s assumption and describe its consequences for the langue parole opposition and the concepts of textual isotopy and textual cohesion. The main task of the article is to examine Horeský’s assumption. For these purposes, we present an authorship attribution analysis of literary works by two Slovak authors: Svetozár Hurban Vajanský and Martin Kukučín. We focus on low‐frequency lexicon, i.e. hapax legomena, which are supposed to be independent of the authorial style (e.g. Binongo, 2003) and should reflect random circumstances of communication (de Saussure, 1996, p. 50; Bloomfield, 1933, p. 170). This means that if the structure of the text were to be affected by the repetition of certain words, the low frequency layer of the lexicon should contain evidence of this repetition with a low degree of dependence on the content and style of the literary work (Baayen, 1996). The analysis and its presentation is based on separate processing of hapax legomena and their n‐grams, cosine dissimilarity and multidimensional scaling (Torgerson, 1952). Contrary to the general notion of the text structure, we conclude that the authorial texts are based on the repetition of certain word forms and word forms combinations (by n‐gram analysis), even in the level of low‐frequency words.
Gender Labor Policies in the Franco Dictatorship (1939–75): The Discursive Construction of Normative Femininity
Authors: Otero-González Uxía
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the labor gender policies and the strategies of “genderization” put forward by the Franco Dictatorship in Spain. The Franco regime understood that women were the touchstone of society and key in both biological and sociocultural reproduction. Legislative regulations and sanctioned discourses accentuated the division between productive-public and reproductive-domestic spheres, relegating women to the latter. Nevertheless, to what extent did women embrace and challenge the regime's idealistic view of gender? This article contemplates female employment within and beyond official discourse. Oral sources used in this article suggest that socioeconomic reality overflowed the narrow limits of normative femininity. Not all women could enjoy the “honor” of embodying the exalted role of “perfect (house) wife” that the Franco regime had entrusted to them. In addition, this article explores changes in the ideal of femininity throughout the dictatorship. The Franco regime underwent crucial transformations during its almost 40 years of existence. This article argues that its adaptation had repercussions on sociocultural patterns and gender policies. Francoism built its early notion of normative femininity on the ideals of domesticity and Catholic morality, but (re)shaped the meanings of womanhood and (re)adjusted the legal system to fit the new circumstances that arose in the Cold War context.
Generalized Classes of Estimators for Population Mean, Ratio and Product Using Rank of Auxiliary Character Under Double Sampling the Non-Respondents
Authors: Sinha Raghaw Raman
Published: January 2021

In the present study, generalized classes of estimators for estimating population mean, ratio and product of two population means using rank of auxiliary character in presence of non-response are proposed. The bias and mean square error of proposed classes of estimators are obtained and their performances examined. Specific conditions under which the members of proposed classes of estimators attain minimum mean square error are obtained. Comparative study of the proposed classes of estimators with the relevant estimators is carried out. An empirical study is given to justify the efficiency of the proposed classes of estimators.
Pioneering Strategies in Retail Settings: An Empirical Study of Successful Practices
Authors: Savastano Marco , Anagnoste Sorin
Published: January 2021

Although innovating in the physical stores has become a challenge for retailers, previous studies provided insights based primarily on consumers’ and employees’ acceptance of technology, with limited attention towards specific practices for successful adopting innovations. Starting from a qualitative analysis of pioneering strategies adopted by a sample of 50 retailers in the Dutch market, this research is devoted to a broad investigation of the innovation management strategies with emphasis on the choice to be the first to innovate. Our findings provide a correlation between the pioneer practices and the sales outcomes, by describing the more favourable conditions for adopting this strategy in terms of time, place and innovation characteristics (i.e., typology). These results would support retailers in the choice of innovating and managing the innovation process.
Implementation of carbon fibre treatment couches in the XiO® and Monaco® Treatment Planning Systems
Authors: Van Reenen Christoffel Jacobus , Trauernicht Christoph Jan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Carbon fibre treatment couches on linear accelerators provide a strong, rigid framework for patient support. Patient safety is a priority, therefore the dosimetric properties of treatment couches need to be accurately incorporated in treatment plans, to minimize differences between planned and delivered dose. This study aims to determine the attenuation effect of treatment couches for 3-D Conformal Radiotherapy (3-D CRT) and to validate the implementation thereof in the XiO and Monaco treatment planning systems (TPS).

Material and methods: Attenuation measurements were performed on the ELEKTA Connexion couches of the ELEKTA Precise and Synergy-Agility linear accelerators. Measurements were made at 10° intervals in RMI-457 Solid water (30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) using a PTW Farmer-type ionization chamber (TW30013) positioned at the accelerator’s isocentre. The percentage attenuation was calculated as the ratio of the electrometer readings for parallel-opposed fields. The Computed Tomography (CT) data sets of the set-ups were obtained on a Philips Big Bore 16-slice CT scanner and exported to the TPS. The individual couch structures were delineated and electron density (ED) values were assigned using the commissioned CT-to-ED curve. Test treatment plans were generated with 100MU per field at 10° gantry intervals.

Results: The percentage attenuation was determined to be within 2% and 3% for beams perpendicular to the couch surface for XiO and Monaco, respectively. The maximum attenuation was observed for oblique fields which was significantly higher than the manufacturer specified values. TPS validation showed an agreement to 1% for XiO and Monaco. At extreme oblique angles, both planning systems overestimated this effect up to a maximum of 4%.

Conclusions: Couch attenuation differs significantly with gantry angle and beam energy. As a result, the treatment couch models should be included in all treatment planning calculations.
Nanoscale dosimetric consequences around bismuth, gold, gadolinium, hafnium, and iridium nanoparticles irradiated by low energy photons
Authors: Mesbahi Asghar , Mansouri Elham , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2021

In the current study, nanoscale physical dose distributions around five potential nanoparticles were compared. Five potential nanoparticles including bismuth, gold, gadolinium, hafnium, and iridium nanoparticles in the form of a sphere with a diameter of 50 nm were simulated in a water medium. The MCNPX (2.7.0) Monte Carlo code with updated libraries was used for calculations of electron dose deposition and electron flux in water from 25 nm up to 4000 nm with a step of 25 nm. Also, secondary electron spectra after irradiation of nanoparticles with mono-energetic photons with energies of 30, 60, 100 keV were derived. The nano-scale distance-dose curves showed a very steep gradient with distance from nanoparticle surface up to 60 nm and after this point, a gradual decrease was seen. The dose deposition characteristics in the nano-scale were dependent on the type of nanoparticle as well as photon energy. Our results concluded that for each photon energy in the energy range of 30-100 keV, a suitable nanoparticle can be selected to boost the effect of energy deposition by low energy photon beams used in brachytherapy.
Determination of effective source to surface distance and cutout factor in small fields in electron beam radiotherapy: A comparison of different dosimeters
Authors: Bayatiani Mohamad Reza , Fallahi Fatemeh , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Ghorbani Mahdi , Khajetash Benyamin , Seif Fatemeh
Published: January 2021

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to calculate the effective source to surface distance (SSDeff) of small and large electron fields in 10, 15, and 18 MeV energies, and to investigate the effect of SSD on the cutout factor for electron beams a linear accelerator. The accuracy of different dosimeters is also evaluated.

Materials and methods: In the current study, Elekta Precise linear accelerator was used in electron beam energies of 10, 15, and 18 MeV. The measurements were performed in a PTW water phantom (model MP3-M). A Semiflex and Advanced Markus ionization chambers and a Diode E detector were used for dosimetry. SSDeff in 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120 cm SSDs for 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 to 5 × 5 cm2 (small fields) and 6 × 6 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2 (large fields) field sizes were obtained. The cutout factor was measured for the small fields.

Results: SSDeff in small fields is highly dependent on energy and field size and increases with increasing electron beam energy and field size. For large electron fields, with some exceptions for the 20 × 20 cm2 field, this quantity also increases with energy. The SSDeff was increased with increasing beam energy and field size for all three detectors.

Conclusion: The SSDeff varies significantly for different field sizes or cutouts. It is recommended that SSDeff be determined for each electron beam size or cutout. Selecting an appropriate dosimetry system can have an effect in determining cutout factor.
Optimising Rig Design for Sailing Yachts with Evolutionary Multi-Objective Algorithm
Authors: Pawłusik Mikołaj , Szłapczyński Rafał , Karczewski Artur
Published: January 2021

The paper presents a framework for optimising a sailing yacht rig using Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms and for filtering obtained solutions by means of a Multi-criteria Decision Making method. A Bermuda sloop with discontinuous rig is taken under consideration as a model rig configuration. It has been decomposed into its elements and described by a set of control parameters to form a responsive model which can be used for optimisation purposes. Considering the contradictory nature of real optimisation objectives, a multi-objective approach has been chosen to address this issue. Once the optimisation process is over, a Multi-criteria Decision Making method based on a w-dominance relation is applied for filtering out the most interesting solutions from the obtained Pareto set. The proposed method has been implemented, and selected results are provided and discussed.
LNG Tank in Świnoujście: Nonlinear Analysis of the Tank Dome Elements Behaviour
Authors: Sobczyk Bartosz
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the dome of a tank in the Świnoujście LNG terminal is analysed. Some of the rafter ribs at the connection with hangers were not mounted during construction of the tank dome. Therefore, it has become necessary to estimate its response, which has been done with the aid of some computational models of the dome, that have been created in the finite element method environment. Different local models are studied, aiming to recreate possible outermost conditions of the tank dome response, i.e. with or without composite action between steel and concrete parts of the tank dome. Static calculations with material and geometric nonlinearities are carried out on the computational models, enabling the creation of a load capacity envelope of the rafter with or without ribs. The obtained results are then used to decide if repair works need to be done and whether the missing ribs should be welded.
Potential and Use of the Googlenet Ann for the Purposes of Inland Water Ships Classification
Authors: Bobkowska Katarzyna , Bodus-Olkowska Izabela
Published: January 2021

This article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using the pre-degraded GoogLeNet artificial neural network to classify inland vessels. Inland water authorities monitor the intensity of the vessels via CCTV. Such classification seems to be an improvement in their statutory tasks. The automatic classification of the inland vessels from video recording is a one of the main objectives of the Automatic Ship Recognition and Identification (SHREC) project. The image repository for the training purposes consists about 6,000 images of different categories of the vessels. Some images were gathered from internet websites, and some were collected by the project’s video cameras. The GoogLeNet network was trained and tested using 11 variants. These variants assumed modifications of image sets representing (e.g., change in the number of classes, change of class types, initial reconstruction of images, removal of images of insufficient quality). The final result of the classification quality was 83.6%. The newly obtained neural network can be an extension and a component of a comprehensive geoinformatics system for vessel recognition.
Development of a UAV-based system for the semi-automatic estimation of the volume of earthworks
Authors: Ajayi Oluibukun G. , Oyeboade Timothy O. , Samaila-Ija Hassan A. , Adewale Taiwo J.
Published: January 2021

One of the challenges faced by surveyors in acquisition of accurate spatial data for mining applications is the risk involved in acquiring data in rugged terrains and difficult or inaccessible areas. With the advent of modern technology, accurate geospatial data can now be safely obtained for proper mining documentation periodically. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for data acquisition in mine surveying has been a viable means of obtaining reliable geospatial data rapidly and efficiently. The main goal of this study is to develop a semi-automatic UAV-based system for the acquisition of spatial data required for the estimation of the volume of earthworks. A DJI Phantom 4 quadcopter was used for the acquisition of image data of the project site, while the images were processed into a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using Pix4Dmapper v2.0.1, which was then imported into the MATLAB-based system developed for the automatic estimation of the volume of earthworks. The volume obtained from the automated system was thus compared with the volume obtained directly from the Pix4Dmapper software, having specified a contour interval of 1 and an allowable error rate of ±3% as the standard error. While ±1.02% error was observed in the volume estimated using the Pix4Dmapper, the developed automated system yielded an estimated precision of ±0.81% in its volume estimation, which proves to be more robust for automatic volume estimation in terms of accuracy and precision.
Protective Effect of Combination Commercial Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) and Honey Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Siddiq Andri Muhrim , Ilmiawan Muhammad In'am , Handini Mitra
Published: January 2021

Background: The chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin (CP) is restricted because of its hepatotoxicity induced by oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a secondary product of lipid peroxidation as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Individual administration of black seed oil (BSO) or honey (H) demonstrated hepatoprotective effect in rats. Interaction of both substances when administrated as combination can be evaluated using combination index (CI) to quantitatively depict synergism (CI<1), additive (CI=1) and antagonism effect (CI>1). Objective: to know the combination effect of BSO and honey on rat liver tissue given CP exposure. Methods: This study used 30 rats were divided into 10 groups. Normal group (N); Negative control group (NC); P1-P4 groups were administerated BSO (1 and 2 mL/kg) and honey (3.7 and 7.4 mL/kg); P5-P8 groups were combination of BSO and H. P1-P8 groups were given BSO and honey orally for 21 days. On the 18th day, NC and P1-P8 groups were given CP 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally, while the N group was given NaCl 0.9% 1 mL/kg intraperitoneally. Result: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be lower in P1-P8 groups compared to negative control group and P6 and P7 groups have levels equivalent to MDA levels of normal control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Combination of BSO and honey provides a protective effect on cisplatin-induced rat liver tissue damage indicated by reduced MDA levels, but all combination group showed antagonism effect.
Краеведческий материал для изучения темы «Видоизменения побегов» в курсе ботаники общеобразовательной школы в Приморском крае
Authors: Рыбакова В.В. , Коляда А.С.
Published: January 2021

В статье приводятся сведения о видоизменениях побегов сосудистых растений Приморского края, которые можно использовать в преподавании ботаники в общеобразовательной школе. Ключевые слова: ботаника, метаморфозы побегов, краеведческий материал, Приморский край. The paper provides information on the shoot metamorphoses of vascular plants in Primorsky Krai, which can be used in teaching botany in a general education school. Keywords: botany, shoot metamorphoses, local history material, PrimorskyKrai.
Первый случай гнездования большеклювой вороны Corvusmacrorhynchos в центральной застройке Уссурийска (Приморский край)
Authors: Глущенко Ю.Н.
Published: January 2021

В публикации приводится первый случай гнездования большеклювой вороны в центральной застройке г. Уссурийска (Приморский край). Ключевые слова: Приморский край, г. Уссурийск, большеклювая ворона, Corvusmacrorhynchos, урбанистический ландшафт, гнездование. The publication presents the first case of a Large-billed Crow nesting in the central part ofUssuriisk (Primorsky Territory). Keywords: Primorsky Territory, Ussuriisk, Large-billed Crow, Corvusmacrorhynchos, nesting, urban landscape.
Jan Kochanowski w 1888 roku. Raport o stanie badań
Authors: Kowalczuk Urszula
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the author reconstructs a critical‑literary discussion, which took place in 1888 after the release of the monograph devoted to Jan Kochanowski by Stanisław Tarnowski. It was an attempt at combining previous findings on the biography and work of the Renaissance poet. Reading the most important critical statements evoked by Tarnowski’s book made it possible to characterise an important state of research into Kochanowski’s work and indicate essential problematic issues (religious matters, ‘the Ronsard question’, the case of Kochanowski’s artistic creativity, assessing the advancement of knowledge about his works), which in the 19th century were regarded as arguable, unresolved or demanding a particular cognitive effort. The authors in those days, thanks to their joint effort, managedto determine the scope of issues which would be investigated by researchers in the following years.
Miejsce tradycji. Refleksja autobiograficzna Wilhelminy Zyndram­‑Kościałkowskiej
Authors: Osiński Dawid Maria
Published: January 2021

The paper is an attempt at showing – through the prism of autobiographical reflection – the location of tradition, as understood by Wilhelmina Zyndram‑Kościałkowska (1844–1926), a translator, writer and literary critic. The notion of location is understood by the author as a particular, restricted, time‑spatial reservoir of meanings, perceived in a broader perspective, that is as a component of a larger whole. The location of tradition is a segment and stage concerning a problem residuum of meanings in culture and history, as well as in the history of thought, which has been located in the space of individual biography of Kościałkowska, constructed with an old hand of the writer and placed as a component of diagnoses in her contemporaneity. The research material includes manuscripts (notebooks with memories and other types of autobiographical archives), deposited in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives in Vilnius (Lietuvos Valstybės Istorijos Archyvas). The author shows various ways of conducting dialogue by the critic with the old tradition (history, politics, culture, portraits of people, literature, art, family history) and the meaning of the location of tradition in the process of recording oneself and one’s contemporaneity by Kościałkowska.
The Ancient Sarmatians and the „Sarmatism” in Modern Eastern Europe (the Slovak Case)
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar  Y.
Published: January 2021

Artykuł koncentruje się  na rozwoju sarmatyzmu  na ziemiach słowackich  w okresie pomiędzy XVI a XIX wiekiem. W tym samym czasie ruch sarmacki rozwijał się  w Polsce i na ziemiach słowackich, które znalazły sie w granicach cesarstwa Habsburgów. Sarmatyzm był związany ze szczególnym zainteresowaniem starożytnością w epoce baroku, z narodzinami slawizmu i panslawizmu, a także z początkami ruchu odrodzenia narodowego. Ponadto był używany jako historyczny argument na udowodnienie chwalebnej przeszłości Słowian, w szczególności Słowaków, przez obie grupy inteligencji okresu baroku na ziemiach słowackich: protestantów i katolików.
Дослідження життя і творчості хроніста Алессандро Ґваньїні від середини ХХ століття (польська, українська і російська історіографія)
Authors: Diachok Oleh
Published: January 2021

W artykule przeanalizowano studia nad życiem i twórczością kronikarza Aleksandra Gwagnina podejmowane przez polskich, ukraińskich i rosyjskich historyków i filologów ostatnich sześciu dekad. Autor wyróżnia dwa okresy. W pierwszym okresie (1960–1971) opublikowano prace о biografii Gwagnina, w których do obiegu naukowego wprowadzono nowe źródła, dokonały się pozytywne zmiany w ocenie wkładu kronikarza naukowców rosyjskich, pojawiły się publikacje o korzystaniu z jego Kroniki Sarmacji europejskiej przez autorów krajów Europy zarówno zachodniej, jak i wschodniej. W drugim okresie (od początku lat 70. XX wieku) Kronika Gwagnina stała się obiektem wszechstronnej analizy: badano jej źródła, ją samą jako źródło historyczne i historiograficzne, rękopiśmienne tłumaczenia Kroniki i odrębnych fragmentów, problem autorstwa samego dzieła. Ukazały się jej nowoczesne tłumaczenia, częściowo po rosyjsku i w całości po ukraińsku z komentarzami.
Conference Reports
Authors: - -
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused many conference cancellations, while others moved to the virtual environment.  Below are reports from five virtual conferences: New England Chapter of the MLA by Marci CohenMountain-Plains Chapter of the MLA: Two Perspectives by Christine Edwards and Ellwood P. ColahanTeaching Music Online in Higher Education by Kevin MadillAssociation for Recorded Sound Collections by Rebecca ShawMusic Encoding Conference by Emily Hopkins, Yaolong Ju, Juliette Regimbal and Martha Thomae
Resolution of venous pressure gradient in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: A proof of secondary cerebral sinovenous stenosis
Authors: Buell Thomas , Ding Dale , Raper Daniel , Chen Ching-Jen , Aljuboori Zaid , Taylor Davis , Wang Tony , Ironside Natasha , Starke Robert , Liu Kenneth
Published: January 2021

Background:

The relationship between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and cerebral sinovenous stenosis (CSS) remains unclear. The effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion on venous sinus physiology have not been rigorously investigated. We describe the effect of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement on sinovenous pressures in the setting of IIH and CSS.

Case Description:

A patient in their 30 s presented with headache and transient visual obscurations for few months and was diagnosed with IIH. Catheter cerebral venography showed focal stenosis of the right transverse sinus (TS) with a trans-stenosis pressure gradient (TSG) of 20 mmHg. The patient was treated with VPS. During the procedure, we performed a real-time measurement of ventricular CSF and cerebral sinovenous pressures. VPS selectively reduced the TS pressure and abolished the preoperative TS-TSG within 20 min of CSF diversion without altering the sigmoid sinus (SS) pressure. Our findings suggest that CSS can be an epiphenomenon, rather than the primary etiology in some patients with IIH.

Conclusion:

IIH is a challenging condition, in certain patients the radiographic stenosis and trans-stenosis gradient were an epiphenomenon because of the increased intracranial pressure that resulted in reversible TS-SS stenosis.
Delayed definitive treatment of life-threatening neurosurgery patient with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 infection in the midst of pandemic: Report of two cases
Authors: Faried Ahmad , Hidajat Nucki Nursjamsi , Harsono Ali Budi , Giwangkancana Gezy Weita , Hartantri Yovita , Imron Akhmad , Arifin Muhammad Zafrullah
Published: January 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected global health system; in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both surgeon and anesthesiologist often dealt with emergency situation, optimal timing of surgery and safety protocol in hospital setting must be implemented with many facets for both patients and health-care providers.

Case Description:

We reported two cases. Case#1 - A 16-year-old male was referred to our hospital, due to a decreased of consciousness following a motor vehicle accident. Head CT scan revealed an epidural hemorrhage on the left temporoparietal. The patient was suspected for having COVID-19 from the reactivity of his serum against SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Procedures for the confirmation of COVID-19 and surgical preparation caused 12 h delayed from the admission. Nevertheless, the patient was deteriorated clinically before he was transported to the operating room and died after 6 cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Case#2 - A 25-year-old male was referred to RSHS, due to a decreased of consciousness, diagnosed as bilateral proximal shunt exposed with suspected COVID-19; delay occurred due to unavailability of negative pressure intensive unit for postoperative care. This caused 5760 h (4 days) delayed for bilateral shunt removal and temporary extraventricular drainage.

Conclusion:

Optimal timing of surgery, a good safety, and health protocol during pandemic in emergency setting are an obligation to protect health providers and patients. A decision-making plan must be organized precisely to maintain alertness, achieve the highest possible standard of care, and outcome in emergency surgical cases. Lack of monitoring must be abated to avoid fatality for patient, especially in emergency surgery setting.
Tuning Proton Transfer Thermodynamics in SARS-Cov-2 Main Protease: Implications for Catalysis and Inhibitor Design
Authors: Zanetti-Polzi Laura , Smith Micholas , Chipot Chris , Gumbart James C. , Lynch Diane L. , Pavlova Anna , Smith Jeremy C. , Daidone Isabella
Published: January 2021

In this computational work a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach, the MD-PMM approach, is used to investigate the proton transfer reaction that activates the catalytic activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The proton transfer thermodynamics is investigated for the apo ensyme (i.e., without any bound substrate or inhibitor) and in the presence of a inhibitor, N3, which was previously shown to covalently bind SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of the Roles of Anion– Cation and Cation–Cation Correlation in Cation Diffusion in Li2B12H12 and LiCB11H12
Authors: Sau Kartik , Ikeshoji Tamio , Kim Sangryun , Takagi Shigeyuki , Orimo Shin-ichi
Published: January 2021

Complex hydrides are potential candidates for the solid electrolyte of all-solid-state batteries owing to their high ionic conductivities, in which icosahedral anion reorientational motion plays an essential role in high cation diffusion. Herein, we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a refined force field and first-principles calculations of the two complex hydride systems Li2B12H12 and LiCB11H12 to investigate their structures, order–disorder phase-transition behavior, anion reorientational motion, and cation conductivities. For both systems, force-field-based MD successfully reproduced the structural and dynamical behavior reported in experiments. Remarkably, it showed an entropy-driven order–disorder phase transition associated with high anion reorientational motion. Furthermore, we obtained comparative insights into the cation around the anion, cation site occupancy in the interstitial space provided by anions, cation diffusion route, role of cation vacancies, anion reorientation, and effect of cation–cation correlation on cation diffusion. We also determined the factors that activate anion reorientational motion leading to a low to high conductivity phase transition. These findings are of fundamental importance in fast ion-conducting solids to diminish the transition temperature for practical applications.
LignoPhot: Photoactive Hybrid lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr Composite for Complex Pollutants Removal
Authors: Budnyak Tetyana , Onwumere Joy , Pylypchuk Ievgen V. , Jaworski Aleksander , Chen Jianhong , Rokicińska Anna , Lindström Mikael E. , Kustrowski Piotr , Sevastyanova olena , Slabon Adam
Published: January 2021

Valorization of lignin is still an open question and lignin has therefore remained an underutilized biomaterial. This situation is even more pronounced for hydrolysis lignin, which is characterized by a highly condensed and excessively cross-linked structure. We report on photoactive lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr bio-inorganic composites consisting of a lignin substrate that is coated by Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr nanosheet photocatalysts. The structure of the hybrid material was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy including energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and solid state 1H−13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H−13C NMR). The material contains 18.9% of Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr and was found to be effective for the photocatalytic degradation of cationic methylene blue (MB) and zwitterionic rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under irradiation with 405 nm light. Lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr was able to decrease the dye concentration from 80 mg·L–1 to 12.3 mg·L–1 for RhB (85%) and from 80 mg·L–1 to 4.4 mg·L–1 for MB (95%). Complementary to the dye degradation, the lignin as a main component of the composite, was found to be efficient and rapid biosorbent for metal ions in aqueous solutions. The highest adsorption capacity was found after 2 hours of phases contact and reached 0.45 mmol·g–1 for Ni(II) ions (neutral media). The low cost, simplicity of the synthesis, good stability and ability to simultaneously photooxidize organic dyes and to adsorb metal ions, make the developed photoactive lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr composite a prospective material for textile wastewaters remediation
The Master Key to the Problem of Reversible Chemical Hydrogen Storage is 12 kJ (mol H2)-1
Authors: Pawelke Roland Hermann
Published: January 2021

This article outlines a potent theoretical formalism illuminating the boundaries to reversible solid hydrogen storage based on the ideal gas law and classic equilibrium thermodynamics. A global picture of chemical reversible hydrogen sorption is unveiled including a thermodynamic explanation of partial reversibility. This is utilized to elucidate a multitude of issues from metal hydride chemistry: Highlights are why the substitution of a mere 4 mol % Na by K in Ti-doped NaAlH4 raises the reversible storage capacity by 42 % and elaboration of the reaction pathway in (Rb/K)H-doped Mg(NH2)2/2LiH. The findings of this work allow for a change of paradigm towards the understanding of reversible chemical energy storage and provide a hitherto missing tool of ample analytic and predictive power, complementary to experiment.
Des meules neuves pour un pain meilleur? Un forgeron perpignanais et son commerce de meules, 1410-1422
Authors: Catafau Aymat
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Joan Bastard était un forgeron établi à Perpignan au début du xve siècle. Toutefois, il semble avoir été avant tout un marchand de meules. Entre 1410 et 1422, il vendit en effet plus de 100 meules en Roussillon, Vallespir et Bas-Conflent. Les documents notariés relatifs à ce commerce sont d’une qualité exceptionnelle. Ils permettent non seulement d’étudier un système commercial particulier mais aussi de mieux connaître les meules en usage sur le versant septentrional des Pyrénées Orientales. Joan Bastard vendait ses meules à crédit. Il offrait principalement des meules importées, taillées dans de la « pierre de Montjuïc », un grès qui rendait possible l’obtention d’une farine plus fine que celles obtenues avec les meules de grès ou de granites locaux.
Mots-clés: meules, grès (pierre), commerce, Roussillon médiéval, farine, xve siècle.
 
Abstract: Joan Bastard was a blacksmith established in Perpignan in the early 15th century. Nevertheless, he seems to have developed his main professional activity as a millstone trader. Between 1410 and 1422, he sold more than 100 millstones in Roussillon, Vallespir and Bas-Conflent. Notarized documents related with this trade are of an exceptional quality. They allow not only to study a particular commercial system but also to know the millstone in use in the north side of Oriental Pyrenees. Joan Bastard sold his millstones at credit. He offered almost imported millstones of “Montjuïc stone”, a sandstone that made possible to obtain a flour finer than ones produced using millstones of local sandstone and granites.
Key words: millstone, sandstone, trade, medieval Roussillon, flour, 15th century.
priorato de Santa Cilia de Panzano (Huesca) en el siglo XII
Authors: Viruete Erdozáin Roberto
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This paper focuses on the history of priory of Santa Cilia de Panzano de Huesca in the 12th Century. The possessions of this priory were in the valleys of the rivers Calcón and Formiga in a muslim Labata castle area, a porcion of the ancient muslim area of Huesca. The French abbey Saint-Pons-de-Thomières founded the priory of the Santa Cilia de Panzano between 1099 and 1101. Her possessions mainly formed by donation of the king Sancho Ramirez and by native nobility. The economical exploitation of Santa Cilia de Panzano’s priory is a main question of the paper. Thus, I analyse the terms of land use, and the conflicts between the priory and the peasants, and the feudal incomes.
Key words: Santa Cilia de Panzano, feudal incomes, priory, dominion exploitation, Hoya de Huesca, 12th Century.
Resumen: El artículo se centra en la historia del priorato de Santa Cilia de Panzano de Huesca en el siglo xii. El patrimonio del priorato de Santa Cilia de Panzano estuvo localizado en las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Calcón y Formiga, en la zona controlada por el castillo musulmán de Labata, dentro del distrito musulmán de Huesca. El monasterio francés de Saint-Pons-de-Thomières fundó el priorato de Santa Cilia de Panzano entre 1099 y 1101. Las donaciones de Sancho Ramírez y de la nobleza oriunda de la zona fueron la base de sus posesiones. La explotación del dominio de Santa Cilia de Panzano es objeto de esta investigación que analiza las condiciones del uso de la tierra, los conflictos señoriales y las rentas feudales.
Palabras clave: Santa Cilia de Panzano, rentas feudales, priorato, explotación del dominio, Hoya de Huesca, siglo xii.
Visor del Régimen Jurídico del Territorio: Herramienta para la toma de decisiones en la gobernanza del territorio
Authors: Martínez Cebolla Rafael , Portolés Rodríguez David , López Martin Fernando
Published: January 2021

Todo plan, proyecto o iniciativa pública o privada que se realiza sobre el territorio ha de cumplir un marco legal. Este marco se modifica de diferentes formas a lo largo del tiempo. Y varía en función de la normativa que legisla el uso o aprovechamiento ya sea urbanístico, territorial, ambiental o sectorial. La realidad es que los actores públicos y privados quedan desbordados ante las relaciones jurídicas que entran en juego a la hora de realizar una determinada acción sobre el territorio. La herramienta del Régimen Jurídico del Territorio del Visor 2D de IDEARAGON es la respuesta del IGEAR para ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones dando cumplida respuesta de las limitaciones legales de diferente tipo en Aragón (España). La presente comunicación explica el por qué de la herramienta como ayuda a la gobernanza del territorio. Detalla el estado actual de la herramienta, así como, su evolución a corto plazo mediante la consulta diaria de los boletines oficiales.
La Derogación de Normas Jurídicas y Principios de Solución de Antinomias
Authors: Guerrero Juan Francisco
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza la naturaleza de la derogatoria tácita de las normas jurídicas y explica por qué esta no conlleva la pérdida de vigencia de la norma, sino la generación de una antinomia. Sobre esta base, se abordan los diferentes principios y criterios de solución de antinomias aplicables en el Ecuador: (i) el principio de jerarquía; (ii) el principio de competencia; (iii) el principio de especialidad; y, (iv) el principio cronológico. Una vez analizados estos criterios, se busca establecer cuál es el orden de prelación con el que deberían ser aplicados por el intérprete.
Motivasi Orang Tua dan Anak Berlatih Karate
Authors: Sumarsono Adi , Riyanto Pulung
Published: January 2021

This research is based on the rise of positive activities carried out by school-age children in the afternoon and the support provided by direct parents. The purpose of this study is to identify the motivations of parents and children in participating in Karate martial arts in Merauke Regency, Papua. This research method is quantitative descriptive using a questionnaire as an instrument in data collection. The research subjects included three Karate colleges, all of which involved 125 parents who were active in providing support to their children by actively delivering, waiting and picking up during training. The results obtained from this study are the motivation of parents in both boys and girls, all of which are more dominant for educational activities, the second is achievement motivation and the third is motivation for recreation. As for the motivation of children in their personal participation in Karate martial arts training is more because of the desire to learn, get to know friends, and increase relationships. Based on the data it can be concluded that the motivation of parents and children is due to educational factors.Keyword: Motivation, KarateAbstrakPenelitian ini didasari oleh maraknya kegiatan positif yang dilakukan oleh anak usia sekolah di sore hari serta dukungan yang diberikan oleh orang tua langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi tentang hal motivasi orang tua dan anak dalam mengikuti olahraga beladiri Karate di Kabupaten Merauke Papua. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan angket sebagai instrumen dalam pengumpulan data. Subyek penelitian ini meliputi tiga perguruan Karate yang kesemuanya melibatkan 125 orang tua dan anak yang aktif dalam memberikan dukungan kepada putra-putrinya dengan cara aktif mengantar, menunggu dan menjemput saat latihan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah motivasi orang tua baik pada anak laki-laki maupun anak perempuan kesemuanya lebih dominan untuk kegiatan pendidikan yang kedua adalah dorongan berprestasi dan yang ketiga adalah motivasi untuk hal rekreasi. Adapun motivasi anak secara pribadi dalam mengikuti latihan beladiri Karate lebih karena keinginan belajar, mengenal teman, serta menambah pergaulan. Berdasarkan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi orang tua dan anak adalah karena faktor pendidikan.Kata kunci:motivasi, berlatih karate
Strengthening and Retrofitting of Motín de Oro II Bridge in Mexico
Authors: Jara Jose M. , Olmos Bertha A. , Martínez Guillermo
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents the studies conducted to retrofit an existing bridge in a seismic prone area of Mexico. The Motín de Oro II Bridge was built in the 1970s with a continuous box girder superstructure and wall-type substructure. From the 1970s to nowadays, the design truck loads in Mexico have been substantially incremented and many bridges built in that period have required to be evaluated and, in some cases, rehabilitated and retrofitted. Firstly, the study presents
the results of visual inspections of all parts of the bridge and a description of the preliminary studies conducted to determine the material properties, to evaluate the river flow characteristics and to calculate the scour depth. Secondly, the chapter discusses the initial structural analyses of the bridge subjected to the original gravitational and seismic loads and to the current loads before the intervention. These analyses allow to select the structural elements that require to be retrofitted and the best strategy to follow. Finally, the study presents results of the numerical retrofitted model and the experimental assessment of the dynamic properties based on ambient vibration measurements. Additionally, the scour protection and the general construction procedure are also described.
İş Hayatında Duygusal Zekâ ve Kariyer Uyum Yeteneği Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: CİNEL Mehmet Ozan , OĞAN Ela
Published: January 2021

Bireylerin sürdürülebilir başarıları için sadece Bilişsel Zekâ (IQ) yeterli olmamakta; Duygusal Zekâ (EQ) ise onu desteklemekte hatta tamamlamaktadır. Diğer bir ifade ile eğer bireyler zihinsel zekâları ile birlikte duygusal zekâlarını da kullanabiliyorlarsa hayatta istedikleri başarıya ulaşabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda çalışan bireylerin bilim ve teknoloji alanında gerçekleşen gelişmelere uyum sağlayabilmeleri, değişimler karşısında yetersiz kalmamaları; sahip oldukları bilgi ve becerilerini kullanabilmeleri kariyer uyum yeteneklerine bağlı olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada duygusal zekâ ve kariyer uyum yeteneği arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve Artvin ilinin kıyı kesiminde yer alan Arhavi, Hopa ve Kemalpaşa ilçelerinde bulunan Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü ve bu kuruma bağlı işletme şefliklerinde görev yapan 80 bireye anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre ise; çalışanların duygusal zekâ becerileri ve kariyer uyum yeteneği arasında anlamlı ilişkilerin varlığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Elma Üretimi Yapan Bir Tarım İşletmesinde Değer Akış Maliyetleme Yöntemine Göre Örnek Uygulama
Authors: BÜYÜKARIKAN Ulukan
Published: January 2021

İşletmelerin detaylı maliyet ve kârlılık analizi yapmaya, israf edilen kaynakları tespit etmeye olanak sunan değer akış maliyetleme, yalın üretimi destekleyen önemli bir araçtır. Klasik maliyet muhasebesi; endüstri işletmelerinde yetersiz kalmakla birlikte, üretim maliyetlerine ve kaliteye yönelik olumlu bir etkide bulunamamaktadır. Bu sistemi uygulayarak değer yaratmayan ve zorunlu olmayan işlemlerin üretim sürecindeki ve maliyetteki etkileri yok edilebilmektedir. Özellikle tarımsal üretimde önemli bir yere sahip olan işgücü, makine ve girdi kullanımının azaltılması, tarım işletmesindeki verimliliği artırmakla kalmayıp, süreçlerin yalınlaşarak üretim işlemlerinde uzmanlaşmayı ve kaliteyi de beraberinde getirebilecektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada elma üretimi yapan bir tarım işletmesindeki israf tipleri ve değer yaratmayan etkenleri ortadan kaldırılarak üretimde kalite ve belirli bir çizgiyi yakalayabilmenin kolay bir yolu olan değer akış maliyetleme ile ilgili örnek bir uygulama verilmiştir.
El potencial de la biorremediación
Authors: Ocampo Hernández Candy Estefanía
Published: January 2021

La biorremediación es una alternativa natural y conveniente para mitigar las concentraciones de contaminantes antropogénicos esparcidos de manera accidental (o intencional) en el medio ambiente. Esta importante actividad se lleva a cabo mediante el uso de microorganismos capaces de degradar e incluso de adecuarse a contaminantes introducidos, lo que sucede gracias a la capacidad misma del organismo de convertir un elemento nocivo en un compuesto fácil de procesar y eliminar del medio. Existen diferentes métodos de biorremediación, ya sean sofisticados o sencillos, los cuales pueden realizarse bajo condiciones in situ o ex situ. Se espera que en años venideros esta área se desarrolle y se le otorgue mayor importancia, ya que es una opción viable y en muchos casos económica.
Sin regreso en mil años
Authors: Ortiz-Pulido Raul
Published: January 2021

A través de una historia de ciencia ficción se describe brevemente el uso que podría tener el motor Alcubierre para la conquista del espacio. De la misma manera se plantean algunas implicaciones que tiene hacer uso de la tecnología sin considerar aspectos éticos.
Cholinesterase as a biomarker to identify cases of pesticide poisoning
Authors: Benitez Azucena , Ramírez-Vargas Marco Antonio
Published: January 2021

The clinical care of the intoxicated, as well as the epidemiological surveillance activities of the population exposed to pesticides, require reference values ​​to be able to make decisions based on science. Cholinesterases are biomarkers discovered in the early twentieth century that currently work as auxiliaries in the diagnosis of acute and chronic poisoning. Methodology: In this study we will review 28 investigations that used as a biomarker the cholinesterase in pesticide poisoning, found in search engines PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Crossreff and Google Scholar. Results: 71.42% of the articles reported a decrease in cholinesterase in the population under study and 28.57% report not having detected a decrease in cholinesterase in the study population. Conclusions: We recommend that researchers always consider the delicacy of these enzymes and remember the most important factors that can affect cholinesterase values ​​in addition to pesticides.
MAGNETISM CONTROLS – CLIMATE
Authors: Watson Thomas
Published: January 2021

It is physically impossible for the miniscule gas, Carbon Dioxide with an Atomic Weight of 44, to influence the Earth’s orbital position in space.

The knowledge of magnetism has always been a wonder of the ancient world ever since it was realized that a lodestone pointed in the same direction.  In modern times, particularly since 2014 when NASA determined that the face of the Moon has a positive magnetic charge, towards the Earth, it is now perfectly clear why the Moon oscillates continuously between the two magnetic poles of Earth, is because the Moon’s orbital pattern is in relation to the Earth, is a reflection on a larger scale of how the Earth is controlled within the Sun’s Heliosphere.  With this variation happening regularly over time, is somewhat like the action of a pendulum, with this constant changing influence of how the Earth’s oceans tides react to the varying magnetic pulses from the Moon and of the dramatic difference between the tidal variations of the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere as compared to the Southern Hemisphere.  Of course, exactly the same thing occurs with the Earth’s land mass although being relatively inelastic is not as evident as it is with the oceans of Earth.