bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of surface peat properties and carbon emissions in a tropical peatland oil palm monoculture during a dry season
Authors: Dhandapani Selva , Girkin Nicholas T. , Evers Stephanie
Published: June 2021

The expansion of oil palm monocultures into globally important Southeast Asian tropical peatlands has caused severe environmental damage. Despite much of the current focus of environmental impacts being directed at industrial scale plantations, over half of oil palm land‐use cover in Southeast Asia is from smallholder plantations. We differentiated a first generation smallholder oil palm monoculture into 8 different sampling zones, and further divided the 8 sampling zones into oil palm root influenced (Proximal) and reduced root influence (Distal) areas, to assess how peat properties regulate in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. We found that all the physico‐chemical properties and nutrient concentrations except sulphur varied significantly among sampling zones. All physico‐chemical properties except electrical conductivity, and all nutrient content except nitrogen and potassium varied significantly between Proximal and Distal areas. Mean CO2 fluxes (ranged between 382 and 1191 mg m−2 h−1) varied significantly among sampling zones, and between Proximal and Distal areas, with notably high emissions in Dead Wood and Path zones, and consistently higher emissions in Proximal areas compared to Distal areas within almost all the zones. CH4 fluxes (ranged between −32 and 243 µg m−2 h−1) did not significantly vary between Proximal and Distal areas, however significantly varied amongst sampling zones. CH4 flux was notably high in Canal Edge and Understorey Ferns zones, and negative in Dead Wood zone. The results demonstrate the high heterogeneity of peat properties within oil palm monoculture, strengthening the need for intensive sampling to characterize a land use in the tropical peatlands.
How do I transfer liquid nitrogen freezers to a new home safely?
Authors: Reich‐Slotky Ronit
Published: June 2021

Background

Our cell processing facility was planning to transfer more than 20 Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) freezers to a new location. Moving LN2 freezers is a complex task that can pose potential risk to the storage units' integrity as well as to the products that they hold. Careful planning is required, especially when moving multiple freezer units at once.

Methods

To achieve the task, we put together a detailed project plan, collaborated with all the involved partners, hired qualified professionals to perform the project‐specific tasks, and put together a detailed risk assessment and risk mitigation plan.

Results

A facility was chosen and prepared according the project plan and safety department recommendations. Risk mitigation strategies were developed and implemented, and all freezers were transfered uneventfully to a new location.

Conclusions

By performing detailed planning and engaging the appropriate partners, LN2 freezers can be successfully transferred to a new home.
Diabetic wound healing: The impact of diabetes on myofibroblast activity and its potential therapeutic treatments
Authors: Wan Rou , Weissman Joshua P. , Grundman Kendra , Lang Lin , Grybowski Damian J. , Galiano Robert D.
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a systemic disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar, namely glucose, in the blood. High glucose toxicity has been implicated in the dysfunction of diabetic wound healing, following insufficient production (Type 1) or inadequate usage (Type 2) of insulin. Chronic non‐healing diabetic wounds are one of the major complications of both types of diabetes, which are serious concerns for public health and can impact the life quality of patients significantly. In general, diabetic wounds are characterized by deficient chemokine production, an unusual inflammatory response, lack of angiogenesis and epithelialization, and dysfunction of fibroblasts. Increasing scientific evidence from available experimental studies on animal and cell models strongly associates impaired wound healing in diabetes with dysregulated fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts, interrupted myofibroblast activity, and inadequate extracellular matrix production. Myofibroblasts play an important role in tissue repair by producing and organizing extracellular matrix and subsequently promoting wound contraction. Based on these studies, hyperglycaemic conditions can interfere with cytokine signalling pathways (such as growth factor‐β pathway) affecting fibroblast differentiation, alter fibroblast apoptosis, dysregulate dermal lipolysis, and enhance hypoxia damage, thus leading to damaged microenvironment for myofibroblast formation, inappropriate extracellular matrix modulation, and weakened wound contraction. In this review, we will focus on the current available studies on the impact of diabetes on fibroblast differentiation and myofibroblast function, as well as potential treatments related to the affected pathways.
FLEXURAL LOAD AND DEFLECTION BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL BAMBOO FILLED WITH CEMENT MORTAR
Authors: Sudibyo Gathot Heri , Hermanto Nor Intang Setyo , Hu Hsuan-Teh , Haryanto Yanuar , Nugroho Laurencius , Mulyono Bagyo
Published: June 2021

Bamboo has been significantly and rapidly used to build temporal and permanent structures since time immemorial. However, this renewable natural material has a low bearing capacity, limiting its application to structures under light loads. Therefore, this research was carried out to determine an innovative scheme capable of enhancing bamboo's load-bearing by filling the cavity with cement mortar. Furthermore, a study was carried out to experiment flexural load carrying capacity and the deflection of mortar-filled structural bamboo by considering the diameter and node parameters. A total of 12 specimens were examined using a four-point bending protocol. The result showed the ultimate flexural load carrying capacity of mortar-ﬁlled bamboo specimens are higher than those of the conventional bamboo specimens. Specifically, mortar filled bamboo specimen with a diameter of 70 mm was significantly better, 41.10 and 47.06%, as compared than the conventional bamboo in terms of its flexural load carrying capacity for specimen without and with nodes, respectively. Increases in flexural load carrying capacity were also observed for the mortar-filled bamboo specimens having 80 and 90 mm diameter and these observed increases were recorded as 104.55 and 112.00%, and 48.72 and 60.74%, respectively for specimen without and with nodes. Furthermore, the deflection of mortar-ﬁlled bamboo elements are substantially greater than those of conventional. Finally, the advantages of the bamboo diameter and bamboo nodes on the flexural load carrying capacity indicated that these essential ﬁndings need to be carefully considered in designing structural elements for both mortar-filled and conventional bamboos.
PREPARATION OF GEOTHERMAL SILICA GLASS COATING FILM THROUGH MULTI-FACTOR OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Silviana S. , Jethro Sanyoto Gelbert , Darmawan Adi
Published: June 2021

Glass coating films have been developed by many researchers in recent years. However, mass commercialization of this technology is still inefficient, and optimal methods are needed to produce affordable products. This paper introduces a film preparation method through, which a coating film is superimposed on silica glass by utilizing geothermal waste, a byproduct of geothermal power plants. Geothermal waste has been used as a silica precursor and modified using several silylation agents such as methyltriethoxysilane (MTMS), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and surface-active agent (surfactant) cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB). Design Expert 8.0.6 is used for optimization to find the desired product at the concentration of specific precursors and silane agents using contact angle responses. A model that consists of statistically significant variables can be generalized to a broad data range. The results of this study indicate that the glass surface coated with modified silica produces hydrophobic glass with contact angles up to 90° using the MTMS silylation agent.
Consideraciones en la atención médica de pacientes con enfermedad mental e infección por COVID-19 en un hospital general
Authors: Atuesta Fajardo Juana Yolanda , Argoty Chamorro Giovanny Armando
Published: June 2021

Históricamente, los pacientes con enfermedad mental han sido un grupo poblacional de alta vulnerabilidad, más evidente en situaciones de emergencia sanitaria como lo es una pandemia. Por esta razón, en el artículo se describen las consideraciones específicas que puede enfrentar el personal de salud durante la atención de esta población en un hospital general, haciendo hincapié en las precauciones específicas y la necesidad de organización de grupos asistenciales que, además de tener una comunicación constante con el equipo de salud mental, deben establecer una adecuada relación terapéutica y estar preparados para responder a situaciones de urgencia, como lo es la agitación psicomotora.
Neuropatía diabética y su asociación con síntomas ansiosos
Authors: Botero-Rodríguez Felipe , Cruz-Ramírez Viviana , Cote Damaris , Cespedes Kristiel , Smith Stephanie , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La neuropatía diabética (ND) es una complicación microvascular de la Diabetes Mellitus. Se caracteriza por afectación en los nervios que produce un dolor tipo corrientazo, quemadura o punzada. Este dolor neuropático se ha asociado a alto riesgo de ansiedad en los pacientes que la padecen, generando así una carga económica mayor en pacientes con ND sintomática. Objetivo:  Describir la información actual en la literatura sobre la relación entre la neuropatía diabética sintomática y el riesgo de trastorno de ansiedad concomitante. Métodos: Búsqueda en paralelo por cuatro revisores en las bases de datos Ovid, Pubmed, SciELO y Cochrane. Resultados: De los 1140 artículos encontrados, 56 artículos fueron evaluados en texto completo. Se encontró una prevalencia variada de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en pacientes con ND sintomática, evaluados mediante diferentes cuestionarios y escalas.  Algunos estudios encontraron asociación entre ansiedad, trastornos del sueño e inadecuado control glucémico. Se han reportado como factores de buen pronóstico la educación temprana y el manejo de dolor neuropático, siendo estos últimos los determinantes de la calidad de vida y la productividad en pacientes con ND sintomática. Comentario: La relación entre neuropatía diabética y trastorno de ansiedad puede ser bidireccional. Dados estos hallazgos, y su posible impacto individual y en salud pública, se plantean oportunidades para llenar las brechas de prevención primaria, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento en esta población, las cuales deberán definirse en futuras investigaciones.
Paraganglioma maligno del cuerpo carotídeo con compromiso metastásico múltiple: un caso infrecuente
Authors: Molina Pimienta Luisana , Amado Garzon Sandra , Salgado Sanchez Juan Camilo
Published: June 2021

Los paragangliomas son tumores neuroendocrinos raros derivados de las porciones simpáticas y parasimpáticas de los paraganglios, la presencia de metástasis es la que determina la malignidad. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 34 años con paraganglioma del cuerpo carotideo con compromiso metastásico en hueso, ganglios, hígado y pulmón, que adicionalmente presentó hipoglucemia tumoral sintomática. Dado el estadio avanzado de la enfermedad no era candidato a cirugía, se brindó tratamiento sintomático y esteroides a altas dosis para revertir hipoglucemias. Fallece 2 semanas luego de su ingreso por falla hepática secundaria al compromiso metastásico.
Detection of Loss Zones While Drilling Using Different Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alsaihati Ahmed , Abughaban Mahmoud , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez
Published: June 2021

Fluid loss into formations is a common operational issue that is frequently encountered when drilling across naturally or induced fractured formations. This could pose significant operational risks, such as well-control, stuck pipe, and wellbore instability, which, in turn, lead to an increase of well time and cost. This research aims to use and evaluate different machine learning (ML) techniques, namely, support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, and K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) in detecting loss circulation occurrences while drilling using solely drilling surface parameters. Actual field data of seven wells, which had suffered partial or severe loss circulation, were used to build predictive models, while Well-8 was used to compare the performance of the developed models. Different performance metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the developed models. Recall, precision, and F1-score measures were used to evaluate the ability of the developed model to detect loss circulation occurrences. The results showed the K-nearest neighbors classifier achieved a high F1-score of 0.912 in detecting loss circulation occurrence in the testing set, while the random forests was the second-best classifier with almost the same F1-score of 0.910. The support vector machines achieved an F1-score of 0.83 in predicting the loss circulation occurrence in the testing set. The K-nearest neighbors outperformed other models in detecting the loss circulation occurrences in Well-8 with an F1-score of 0.80. The main contribution of this research as compared with previous studies is that it identifies losses events based on real-time measurements of the active pit volume (APV).
Selective plasma etching of silicon-containing high chi block copolymer for directed self-assembly (DSA) application
Authors: Gusmão Cacho Maria Gabriela , Benotmane Khatia , Pimenta-Barros Patricia , Bouet Charlotte , Rademaker Guido , Argoud Maxime , Navarro Christophe , Tiron Raluca , Possémé Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is an advanced patterning technique being investigated to obtain small and dense patterns for future technological nodes. In order to demonstrate the potential of DSA to extend optical lithography, poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) has been the most commonly used block copolymer in different applications, such as line/space and contact hole patterning as well as uniformity repair. However, the minimum pitch for the PS-b-PMMA system is limited to around 24 nm due to its relatively weak segregation strength. Therefore, block copolymers with stronger microphase segregation have been developed to enable sub-10 nm patterning, thus obtaining the so-called “high chi” BCPs. In this article, the silicon-containing high chi system investigated is the poly(styrene-b-1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane) (PS-b-PDMSB) presenting a pitch of 18 nm. A one-step top coat and PS removal based on H2/N2 plasma that presents good selectivity and profile has been studied. The H2/N2 gas ratio has been investigated to understand the trade-off between obtaining high selectivity and avoiding pattern collapse. Using this approach, the pattern transfer into different underlayers is demonstrated for the high chi PS-b-PDMSB.
An Examination of Dweck’s Psychological Needs Model in Relation to Exercise-Related Well-Being
Authors: Wierts Colin M. , Zumbo Bruno D. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Faulkner Guy , Beauchamp Mark R.
Published: June 2021

This two-part study examined Dweck’s psychological needs model in relation to exercise-related well-being and particularly focused on the basic need for optimal predictability and compound needs for identity and meaning. In Part 1 (N = 559), using exploratory factor analysis, scores derived from items assessing optimal predictability (prediction of affect and instrumental utility in exercise) were empirically distinct from scores derived from items assessing competence, relatedness, and autonomy. In Part 2, participants from Part 1 (N = 403) completed measures of exercise-related well-being 4 weeks after baseline assessment. Prediction of affect was the most consistent predictor of subsequent exercise-related well-being. An implication of these findings is that optimal predictability (primarily prediction of affect) represents a unique experience that may be necessary for thriving in the context of exercise. Prediction of affect should be targeted in experimental designs to further understand its relationship with exercise-related well-being.
ARPA-H: Accelerating biomedical breakthroughs
Authors: Collins Francis S. , Schwetz Tara A. , Tabak Lawrence A. , Lander Eric S.
Published: June 2021

A DARPA-like culture at NIH can drive biomedical and health advances
A Bacterial Inflammation Sensor Regulates c-di-GMP Signaling, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Perkins Arden , Tudorica Dan A. , Teixeira Raphael D. , Schirmer Tilman , Zumwalt Lindsay , Ogba O. Maduka , Cassidy C. Keith , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Guillemin Karen
Published: June 2021

Immune cells are well equipped to eliminate invading bacteria, and one of their primary tools is the synthesis of bleach, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the same chemical used as a household disinfectant. In this work, we present findings showing that many host-associated bacteria possess a bleach-sensing protein that allows them to adapt to the presence of this chemical in their environment.
Parasite-Mediated Remodeling of the Host Microfilament Cytoskeleton Enables Rapid Egress of Trypanosoma cruzi following Membrane Rupture
Authors: Ferreira Eden R. , Bonfim-Melo Alexis , Burleigh Barbara A. , Costales Jaime A. , Tyler Kevin M. , Mortara Renato A.
Published: June 2021

Understanding how
Trypanosoma cruzi
interacts with host cells has been transformed by high-quality studies that have examined in detail the mechanisms of
T. cruzi
host cell invasion. In contrast, little is known about the latter stages of the parasite’s lytic cycle: how parasites egress and thereby sustain round after round of infection.
Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 6 Is Required for Efficient HIV-1 Latency Reversal
Authors: Zheng Yue , Schubert Heidi L. , Singh Parmit K. , Martins Laura J. , Engelman Alan N. , D’Orso Iván , Hill Christopher P. , Planelles Vicente
Published: June 2021

CPSF6 is a cellular factor that regulates cleavage and polyadenylation of mRNAs and participates in HIV-1 infection by facilitating targeting of preintegration complexes to the chromatin. Our observations reveal a second role of CPSF6 in the HIV-1 life cycle that involves regulation of viral transcription through controlling the stability of protein phosphatase 2A, which in turn regulates the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation status of critical residues in CDK9 and Pol II.
HIV-1 Vpr Induces Widespread Transcriptomic Changes in CD4
+
T Cells Early Postinfection
Authors: Bauby Hélène , Ward Christopher C. , Hugh-White Rupert , Swanson Chad M. , Schulz Reiner , Goujon Caroline , Malim Michael H.
Published: June 2021

HIV-1, while now treatable, remains an important human pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. The virus predominantly infects CD4
+
T cells and, if not treated with medication, ultimately causes their depletion, resulting in AIDS and death.
The DNA Sensor IFIX Drives Proteome Alterations To Mobilize Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Antiviral Responses, with Its Acetylation Acting as a Localization Toggle
Authors: Howard Timothy R. , Crow Marni S. , Greco Todd M. , Lum Krystal K. , Li Tuo , Cristea Ileana M.
Published: June 2021

Mammalian cells must be able to detect and respond to invading pathogens to prevent the spread of infection. DNA sensors, such as IFIX, are proteins that bind to pathogen-derived double-stranded DNA and induce antiviral cytokine expression.
Supplemental Material: Sr isotopes in the Tortonian-Messinian Lake Bira and Gesher marshes, Northern Valleys of Israel: Implications for hydroclimate changes in East Mediterranean–Levant margins
Authors: Rozenbaum A.G. , al. et
Published: June 2021

A description of 7 stratigraphic sections, 3 tables, 10 figures and 2 plates.
Delivering tertiary tuberculosis care virtually
Authors: Turnbull Louise , Bell Christine , Davies Stefanie , Child Fran
Published: June 2021

Objective

To assess the impact of a virtual multidisciplinary team (MDT) review panel in reducing travel for children with a rare disease (tuberculosis (TB)) without compromising clinical outcomes.

Design

Retrospective review of patients discussed in a virtual MDT panel. Independent pre-intervention and post-intervention data from Public Health England.

Setting

Paediatric departments across North West England.

Patients

Children aged <16 years with suspected TB infection/disease.

Intervention

Weekly, virtual MDT discussion between district paediatricians and a tertiary TB team.

Main outcome measure

Care closer to home, time from presentation to treatment.

Results

45% (37 of 82) children received care closer to home. Median time from presentation to treatment reduced by 28% (from 18 to 13 days). 21% more children were diagnosed before developing symptoms (76% of children presented with symptoms pre-intervention, 55% post-intervention). 5 children incorrectly labelled with latent TB infection were treated for TB disease.

Conclusions

A clinical network supported by virtual MDT reviews can improve treatment for children with rare diseases while providing care close to home.
Shock Index in the early assessment of febrile children at the emergency department: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N , Zachariasse Joany M , Borensztajn Dorine , Adriaansens Elise , von Both Ulrich , Carrol Enitan D , Eleftheriou Irini , Emonts Marieke , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Herberg Jethro Adam , Kohlmaier Benno , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinón-Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud Gerard , Pokorn Marko , Rivero-Calle Irene , Tsolia Maria , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Levin Michael , Vermont Clementien , Moll Henriette A
Published: June 2021

Objective

(1) To derive reference values for the Shock Index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) based on a large emergency department (ED) population of febrile children and (2) to determine the diagnostic value of the Shock Index for serious illness in febrile children.

Design/setting

Observational study in 11 European EDs (2017–2018).

Patients

Febrile children with measured blood pressure.

Main outcome measures

Serious bacterial infection (SBI), invasive bacterial infection (IBI), immediate life-saving interventions (ILSIs) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The association between high Shock Index (>95th centile) and each outcome was determined by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, referral, comorbidity and temperature. Additionally, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and negative/positive likelihood ratios (LRs).

Results

Of 5622 children, 461 (8.2%) had SBI, 46 (0.8%) had IBI, 203 (3.6%) were treated with ILSI and 69 (1.2%) were ICU admitted. High Shock Index was associated with SBI (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.6 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.9)), ILSI (aOR 2.5 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.9)), ICU admission (aOR 2.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9)) but not with IBI (aOR: 1.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.4)). For the different outcomes, sensitivity for high Shock Index ranged from 0.10 to 0.15, specificity ranged from 0.95 to 0.95, negative LRs ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 and positive LRs ranged from 1.8 to 2.8.

Conclusions

High Shock Index is associated with serious illness in febrile children. However, its rule-out value is insufficient which suggests that the Shock Index is not valuable as a screening tool for all febrile children at the ED.
Identification of knowledge translation theories, models or frameworks suitable for health technology reassessment: a survey of international experts
Authors: Esmail Rosmin , Hanson Heather M , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Niven Daniel J , Clement Fiona M
Published: June 2021

Objective

Health technology reassessment (HTR) is a field focused on managing a technology throughout its life cycle for optimal use. The process results in one of four possible recommendations: increase use, decrease use, no change or complete withdrawal of the technology. However, implementation of these recommendations has been challenging. This paper explores knowledge translation (KT) theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) and their suitability for implementation of HTR recommendations.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Participants

Purposeful sampling of international KT and HTR experts was administered between January and March 2019.

Methods

Sixteen full-spectrum KT TMFs were rated by the experts as ‘yes’, ‘partially yes’ or ‘no’ on six criteria: familiarity, logical consistency/plausibility, degree of specificity, accessibility, ease of use and HTR suitability. Consensus was determined as a rating of ≥70% responding ‘yes’. Descriptive statistics and manifest content analysis were conducted on open-ended comments.

Results

Eleven HTR and 11 KT experts from Canada, USA, UK, Australia, Germany, Spain, Italy and Sweden participated. Of the 16 KT TMFs, none received ≥70% rating. When ratings of ‘yes’ and ‘partially yes’ were combined, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was considered the most suitable KT TMF by both KT and HTR experts (86%). One additional KT TMF was selected by KT experts: Knowledge to Action framework. HTR experts selected two additional KT TMFs: Co-KT framework and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle. Experts identified three key characteristics of a KT TMF that may be important to consider: practicality, guidance on implementation and KT TMF adaptability.

Conclusions

Despite not reaching an overall ≥70% rating on any of the KT TMFs, experts identified four KT TMFs suitable for HTR. Users may apply these KT TMFs in the implementation of HTR recommendations. In addition, KT TMF characteristics relevant to the field of HTR need to be explored further.
Identification of biomarkers that predict response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label follow-up study
Authors: Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C , Jaisoorya TS , Kashyap Himani , Domenech Philippe , Palfi Stéphane , Mallet Luc , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Reddy YC Janardhan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of bilateral anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) has been found to be helpful in a subset of patients with severe, chronic and treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Biomarkers may aid in patient selection and optimisation of this invasive treatment. In this trial, we intend to evaluate neurocognitive function related to STN and related biosignatures as potential biomarkers for STN DBS in OCD.

Methods and analysis

Twenty-four subjects with treatment-refractory OCD will undergo open-label STN DBS. Structural/functional imaging, electrophysiological recording and neurocognitive assessment would be performed at baseline. The subjects would undergo a structured clinical assessment for 12 months postsurgery. A group of 24 healthy volunteers and 24 subjects with treatment-refractory OCD who receive treatment as usual would be recruited for comparison of biomarkers and treatment response, respectively. Baseline biomarkers would be evaluated as predictors of clinical response. Neuroadaptive changes would be studied through a reassessment of neurocognitive functioning, imaging and electrophysiological activity post DBS.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Ethics Committee. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and scientific meetings.
Randomised controlled trial comparing immobilisation in above-knee plaster of Paris to controlled ankle motion boots in undisplaced paediatric spiral tibial fractures
Authors: Bradman Kate , Stannage Katherine , O'Brien Sharon , Green Simon , Bear Natasha , Borland Meredith
Published: June 2021

Background

Management of common childhood spiral tibial fractures, known as toddler’s fractures, has not significantly changed in recent times despite the availability of immobilisation devices known as controlled ankle motion (CAM) boots. We compared standard therapy with these devices on quality-of-life measures.

Methods

A prospective randomised controlled trial, comparing immobilisation with an above-knee plaster of Paris cast (AK-POP) with a CAM boot in children aged 1–5 years with proven or suspected toddler’s fractures presenting to a tertiary paediatric ED in Perth, Western Australia, between March 2018 and February 2020. The primary outcome measure was ease of personal care, as assessed by a Care and Comfort Questionnaire (eight questions scored from 0, very easy, to 8, impossible) completed by the caregiver and assessed during three treatment time-points and preintervention and postintervention. Secondary outcome measures included weight-bearing status as well as complications of fracture healing and number of pressure injuries.

Results

87 patients were randomised (44 CAM boot, median age 2 (IQR 1.5–2.3), 71% male; 43 AK-POP, median age 2 (IQR 1.7–2.8), 80% male), a significant difference in the care and comfort score was demonstrated at all treatment time-points; with the AK-POP group reporting greater personal care needs on assessment on day 2, day 7–10 and 4-week review (all p≤0.001). Weight-bearing status was significantly different at day 7–10 (77.5% CAM vs 53.8% AK-POP, p=0.027). There was no difference in fracture healing or pressure areas between the two treatment groups.

Conclusions

Immobilisation of toddler’s fractures in a CAM boot allows faster return to activities of daily living and weight-bearing without any effect on fracture healing.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001311246).
Survey evaluating clinical equipoise around platelet transfusion after head injury and traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in patients on antiplatelet medications
Authors: Ashton Catherine , Laffan M , Hutchinson P J , Lecky Fiona , Ralhan S , Smith Jason E , Coles Jonathan P , Stanworth Simon , Curry Nicola
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Patients aged 60 or over account for over half of the severely injured trauma patients and a traumatic brain injury is the most common injury sustained. Many of these patients are taking antiplatelet medications but there is clinical equipoise about the role of platelet transfusion in patients with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) taking prior antiplatelet medications.

Method

A prepiloted survey was designed to explore a range of clinical issues in managing patients taking antiplatelet medications admitted with a traumatic brain injury. This was sent via email to consultants and specialty registrar members of a variety of relevant UK societies and working groups in the fields of emergency medicine, critical care, neurosurgery and haematology.

Results

193 responses were received, mostly from colleagues in emergency medicine, neurosurgery, anaesthesia and haematology. Respondents indicated that there is a lack of evidence to support the use of platelet transfusion in this patient population but also lack of evidence of harm. Results also demonstrate uncertainties as to whether platelets should be given to all or some patients and doubt regarding the value of viscoelastic testing.

Discussion

Our survey demonstrates equipoise in current practice with regards to platelet transfusion in patients with a traumatic ICH who are taking antiplatelet medication. There is support for additional trials to investigate the effect of platelet transfusion in this rising population of older, high-risk patients, in order to provide a better evidence-base for guideline development.
Incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor–mediated diarrhea and colitis (imDC) in patients with cancer and preexisting inflammatory bowel disease: a propensity score–matched retrospective study
Authors: Sleiman Joseph , Wei Wei , Shah Ravi , Faisal Muhammad Salman , Philpott Jessica , Funchain Pauline
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

The risk of use of immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (imDC) in patients with preexisting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully understood. We report the incidence of imDC in these patients, and compare with a matched cohort of patients with cancer and without IBD.

Methods

Patients with IBD from a tertiary center cancer registry who underwent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy from 2011 to 2019 were identified. A 1:5 matched cohort of patients with and without a history of IBD was created, based on age, ICI therapy, and cancer type. Demographic data, clinical history of IBD, cancer, ICI agent, imDC events after ICI therapy, and overall survival were analyzed. Overall survival and time-to-imDC (TTimDC) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results

From a retrospective cohort of 3900 patients who received ICI therapy, 30 patients with IBD were matched with 150 patients without a history of IBD. Most patients received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy (154/180, 85.6%). Individuals with preexisting IBD showed significantly shorter TTimDC than those in the non-IBD group (1-year imDC-free rate 67% vs 93%; HR 7.59, 95% CI 3.00 to 19.15, p<0.0001). Eleven (36%) from the IBD cohort experienced imDC events; none led to life-threatening conditions needing surgical interventions or death. Corticosteroids or biologics were needed in 8/11 (73%) patients, and discontinuation of therapy improved imDC in the remaining three. Half of patients required hospitalization. In contrast, no significant difference in overall survival was observed between IBD and non-IBD cohorts (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.48). Both groups had overall comparable rates of other non-imDC immune-related adverse events.

Conclusion

Patients with preexisting IBD had worse time-to-imDC than non-IBD matched controls, yet did not exhibit worse overall survival. While close monitoring of patients with preexisting IBD is warranted while on immunotherapy, this comorbidity should not preclude ICI therapy if clinically required.
Discordant severity criteria in patients with moderate aortic stenosis: prognostic implications
Authors: Pio Stephan M , Amanullah Mohammed R , Butcher Steele C , Sin Kenny Y , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Pibarot Philippe , Van Mieghem Nicolas M , Ding Zee Pin , Généreux Philippe , Leon Martin B , Ewe See Hooi , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J
Published: June 2021

Background

The criteria to define the grade of aortic stenosis (AS)—aortic valve area (AVA) and mean gradient (MG) or peak jet velocity—do not always coincide into one grade. Although in severe AS, this discrepancy is well characterised, in moderate AS, the phenomenon of discordant grading has not been investigated and its prognostic implications are unknown.

Objectives

To investigate the occurrence of discordant grading in patients with moderate AS (defined by an AVA between 1.0 cm² and 1.5 cm² but with an MG <20 mm Hg) and how these patients compare with those with concordant grading moderate AS (AVA between 1.0 cm² and 1.5 cm² and MG ≥20 mm Hg) in terms of clinical outcomes.

Methods

From an ongoing registry of patients with AS, patients with moderate AS based on AVA were selected and classified into discordant or concordant grading (MG <20 mm Hg or ≥20 mm Hg, respectively). The clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results

Of 790 patients with moderate AS, 150 (19.0%) had discordant grading, moderate AS. Patients with discordant grading were older, had higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, larger LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index, higher LV filling pressure and lower LV ejection fraction and stroke volume index as compared with their counterparts. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years (IQR 3.0–8.2), patients with discordant grading had lower aortic valve replacement rates (26.7% vs 44.1%, p<0.001) and higher mortality rates (60.0% vs 43.1%, p<0.001) as compared with patients with concordant grading. Discordant grading moderate AS, combined with low LV ejection fraction, presented the higher risk of mortality (HR 2.78 (2.00–3.87), p<0.001).

Conclusion

Discordant-grading moderate AS is not uncommon and, when combined with low LV ejection fraction, is associated with high risk of mortality.
Logarithmic expansion of field theories: higher orders and resummations
Authors: Branchina Vincenzo , Chiavetta Alberto , Contino Filippo
Published: June 2021

A formal expansion for the Green’s functions of a quantum field theory in a parameter $$\delta $$
δ
that encodes the “distance” between the interacting and the corresponding free theory was introduced in the late 1980s (and recently reconsidered in connection with non-hermitian theories), and the first order in $$\delta $$
δ
was calculated. In this paper we study the $${\mathcal {O}}(\delta ^2)$$

O
(

δ
2

)

systematically, and also push the analysis to higher orders. We find that at each finite order in $$\delta $$
δ
the theory is non-interacting: sensible physical results are obtained only resorting to resummations. We then perform the resummation of UV leading and subleading diagrams, getting the $${\mathcal {O}}(g)$$

O
(
g
)

and $${\mathcal {O}}(g^2)$$

O
(

g
2

)

weak-coupling results. In this manner we establish a bridge between the two expansions, provide a powerful and unique test of the logarithmic expansion, and pave the way for further studies.
Holographic RG flows and Janus solutions from matter-coupled $$N=4$$ gauged supergravity
Authors: Karndumri Parinya
Published: June 2021

We study an $$SO(2)\times SO(2)\times SO(2)\times SO(2)$$

S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
2
)

truncation of four-dimensional $$N=4$$

N
=
4

gauged supergravity coupled to six vector multiplets with $$SO(4)\times SO(4)$$

S
O
(
4
)
×
S
O
(
4
)

gauge group and find a new class of holographic RG flows and supersymmetric Janus solutions. In this truncation, there is a unique $$N=4$$

N
=
4

supersymmetric $$AdS_4$$

A
d

S
4

vacuum dual to an $$N=4$$

N
=
4

SCFT in three dimensions. In the presence of the axion, the RG flows generally preserve $$N=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetry while the supersymmetry is enhanced to $$N=4$$

N
=
4

for vanishing axion. We find solutions interpolating between the $$AdS_4$$

A
d

S
4

vacuum and singular geometries with different residual symmetries. We also show that all the singularities are physically acceptable within the framework of four-dimensional gauged supergravity. Accordingly, the solutions are holographically dual to RG flows from the $$N=4$$

N
=
4

SCFT to a number of non-conformal phases in the IR. We also find $$N=4$$

N
=
4

and $$N=2$$

N
=
2

Janus solutions with $$SO(4)\times SO(4)$$

S
O
(
4
)
×
S
O
(
4
)

and $$SO(2)\times SO(2)\times SO(3)\times SO(2)$$

S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
3
)
×
S
O
(
2
)

symmetries, respectively. The former is obtained from a truncation of all scalars from vector multiplets and can be regarded as a solution of pure $$N=4$$

N
=
4

gauged supergravity. On the other hand, the latter is a genuine solution of the full matter-coupled theory. These solutions describe conformal interfaces in the $$N=4$$

N
=
4

SCFT with $$N=(4,0)$$

N
=
(
4
,
0
)

and $$N=(2,0)$$

N
=
(
2
,
0
)

supersymmetries.
Relativistic compact stars in Tolman spacetime via an anisotropic approach
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Rej Pramit , Takisa P. Mafa , Zubair M.
Published: June 2021

In this present work, we have obtained a singularity-free spherically symmetric stellar model with anisotropic pressure in the background of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The Einstein’s field equations have been solved by exploiting Tolman ansatz [Richard C Tolman, Phys. Rev. 55:364, 1939] in $$(3+1)$$

(
3
+
1
)

-dimensional space-time. Using observed values of mass and radius of the compact star PSR J1903+327, we have calculated the numerical values of all the constants from the boundary conditions. All the physical characteristics of the proposed model have been discussed both analytically and graphically. The new exact solution satisfies all the physical criteria for a realistic compact star. The matter variables are regular and well behaved throughout the stellar structure. Constraints on model parameters have been obtained. All the energy conditions are verified with the help of graphical representation. The stability condition of the present model has been described through different testings.
Deep Understanding of Runtime Configuration Intention
Authors: Zhou Chenglong , Liu Haoran , Zhang Yuanliang , Xue Zhipeng , Liao Qing , Zhao JinJing , Wang Ji
Published: June 2021

The runtime environment and workload of software are constantly changing, requiring users to make appropriate adjustments to accommodate these changes. The runtime configuration, however, as the interface for users to manipulate software behavior often requires domain-specific knowledge to understand. This usually results in users spending a considerable amount of time wading through document and user manuals trying to understand the runtime configuration. In this paper, we study the possibility of understanding the intention of runtime configuration options through their documents, even sometimes it is difficult for users to understand. Based on these studies, we classify the runtime configuration option’s intention into six categories. Accordingly, we design runtime Configuration Intention Classifier (CIC), a supervised approach based on CNN to classify the runtime configuration option’s intention according to its document. CIC integrates the features of runtime configuration names and descriptions according to different levels of granularity and predicts the intention of runtime configuration options accordingly. Extensive experiments show that our approach can achieve an accuracy of 85.6% and outperform nine comparative approaches by up to 16.6% over the dataset we customized.
TAYLOR–MONARCH BUTTERFLY OPTIMIZATION-BASED SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION WITH BLOOD SMEAR MICROSCOPIC IMAGES
Authors: BAI G. MERCY , VENKADESH P.
Published: June 2021

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a serious hematological neoplasis that is characterized by the development of immature and abnormal growth of lymphoblasts. However, microscopic examination of bone marrow is the only way to achieve leukemia detection. Various methods are developed for automatic leukemia detection, but these methods are costly and time-consuming. Hence, an effective leukemia detection approach is designed using the proposed Taylor–monarch butterfly optimization-based support vector machine (Taylor–MBO-based SVM). However, the proposed Taylor–MBO is designed by integrating the Taylor series and MBO, respectively. The sparking process is designed to perform the automatic segmentation of blood smear images by estimating optimal threshold values. By extracting the features, such as texture features, statistical, and grid-based features from the segmented smear image, the performance of classification is increased with less training time. The kernel function of SVM is enabled to perform the leukemia classification such that the proposed Taylor–MBO algorithm accomplishes the training process of SVM. However, the proposed Taylor–MBO-based SVM obtained better performance using the metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with 94.5751, 95.526, and 94.570%, respectively.
Investigation of different substitutions, structure, charge and multiplicity spin of the iron verdoheme-rat heme oxygenase complex: a DFT study
Authors: Tasharofi Hamideh , Jamaat Parisa Rajabali , Asli Maryam Daghighi
Published: June 2021

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress protein that degrades heme to carbon monoxide, iron and biliverdin, which subsequently reduces to bilirubin. Many parameters of verdoheme–rat heme oxygenase complex structure and their role and function on heme degradation were unknown. In this work the structure of iron verdoheme in complex with rat heme oxygenase was studied by density functional theory based B3LYP method and 6-31G basis set. The main goal is to obtain structural and energetic information for various transition states and intermediates on reaction pathways. The charge of verdoheme and iron as the central metal, electron distribution, spin multiplicity of the molecule and proximal substituents effect on the verdoheme ring stabilization and their arrangement are discussed. Gas phase computation has shown that the central metal of the five coordinated rat-verdohemeas ferrous (Fe[Formula: see text] (from 1a-1i) and ferric (Fe[Formula: see text] (from 1j–1q). The Mulliken and NBO charge and spin calculation show that iron is considered as ferrous in all of the optimized structures. Assessment results can gain valuable chemical insight into the electronic reorganization during the reactions.
A new extension of RM-algebras
Authors: Rezaei Akbar , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a wRM/eRM-algebra as a generalization of a RM-algebra. These structures are studied in details. Also, we derived an eRM-algebra from a RM-algebra and vice versa. The concept of a positive implicative eRM-algebra is defined and we discussed on the medial filters.
Exploiting the security of N = prqs through approximation of ϕ(N)
Authors: Abubakar Saidu Isah , Shehu Sadiq
Published: June 2021

This paper reports new techniques that exploit the security of the prime power moduli [Formula: see text] using continued fraction method. Our study shows that the key equation [Formula: see text] can be exploited using [Formula: see text] as good approximation of [Formula: see text]. This enables us to get [Formula: see text] from the convergents of the continued fractions expansion of [Formula: see text] where the bound of the private exponent is [Formula: see text] which leads to the polynomial time factorization of the moduli [Formula: see text]. We further report the polynomial time attacks that can break the security of the generalized prime power moduli [Formula: see text] using generalized system of equation of the form [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by applying simultaneous Diophantine approximations and LLL algorithm techniques where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
A study on Dowager Cixi’s Yanling-Yishou-Dan of Qing Dynasty in a Japanese laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology in 1990s: An attempt for TCM modernization
Authors: Liu Jiankang
Published: June 2021

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modernization has been proposed for many years, but the progress is still slow due to both ideological and technical obstacles. When I went to Japan in 1989, I found Japan has made a great progress on TCM by using modern technology. Therefore, I have studied a fine extract prepared from medicinal herbs (renamed Yi-Zhi-Yi-Shou, YZYS), a prescription of Dowager Cixi’s Yanling-Yishou-Dan of Qing Dynasty, with the current drug investigation strategies. I examined its antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in-vitro studies found that YZYS possesses strong antioxidant capacity, such as scavenging various kinds of free radicals, and inhibits free radical-induced peroxidation of brain homogenate, microsomes, mitochondria, amino acids, deoxyribose and DNA. The in-vivo study with immobilization-induced emotional stress in rats, showed that YZYS effectively inhibits stress-induced stomach ulcers and oxidative damage in plasma and the brain. In addition, YZYS is shown to be non-toxic in both acute and chronic toxicity tests. These studies demonstrate that YZYS is a potent natural antioxidant and offer theoretical evidence for the beneficial effect of YZYS on health and brain functions, and that TCM prescriptions can be studied scientifically as modern medical drugs.