bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
President Trump as Manager: Reflections on the First Year
Authors: Lewis David E. , Bernhard Patrick , You Emily
Published: August 2018

Prior to becoming president, Donald Trump was widely known as a successful business executive. As a candidate, Trump promised to run government like his business. His supporters and critics, however, disagree about how the president has performed as a manager. In this article, we review President Trump's performance as a manager during his first year in office. We examine three dimensions of his approach—transition preparation, staffing, and management style. Notably, we find that the president's halting transition limited his effectiveness in the first year. Unlike previous presidents, President Trump chose neither a politicizing nor a centralizing strategy to gain control over administrative policy making during his first year. We also note that President Trump prefers a competitive and freewheeling decision‐making environment but is struggling with the consequences of such a structure. The article concludes with an assessment of the first year and prospects for the president moving forward.
The Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mythen Gabe
Published: August 2018

In terms of the evolution of sociological theory, it is difficult to overstate the impact of Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Aside from achieving voluminous sales and mass citations, the book is one of few academic monographs that can lay claim to transforming the ways in which people understand the world and their own experiences within it. The major hypothesis of author Ulrich Beck is that a fundamental shift has occurred in capitalist economies from a focus on the material production of goods to avoidance of “bads.” Crucially, while social science thinkers had previously sought to understand the foundational dynamics of society with recourse to established categories—such as class, gender, economy, and power—Beck postulated that the key contours of the modern age were best understood through the prism of risk. Despite revolving around the concept of risk, Beck's work has not influenced the field of risk research as heavily as one might expect. In line with the ambitions of this special issue, this article contextualizes and situates the contribution made by Beck and connects his thesis to the broader evolution of risk theory over the last four decades. In documenting both catalytic effects and elisions, an appeal is made for reconsideration of the utility of the risk society perspective for future work in risk studies.
PTH assays in dialysis patients: Practical considerations
Authors: Soliman Mohanad , Hassan Waleed , Yaseen Maria , Rao Madhumathi , Sawaya B. Peter , El‐Husseini Amr
Published: August 2018

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1‐84 is the main biologically active hormone produced by the parathyroid cells. Circulating PTH molecules include the whole PTH 1‐84 along with amino (N) and carboxyl (C) terminal fragments. While PTH is the best available noninvasive biomarker to assess bone turnover in dialysis patients, the biological roles of individual circulating PTH fragments are still not completely known. The understanding that there is an enormous variation in the target specificity of currently available PTH assays for different circulating forms of PTH has led to the evolution of assays from first to second then third generation. With a reduction in kidney function, there is a preferential increase in circulating C fragments and non‐PTH 1‐84 forms, resulting in a decrease in the ratio of PTH 1‐84/non‐PTH 1‐84. However, there are also substantial differences in between‐assay measurements, with several fold variations in results. Targets based on multiples of the upper limit of normal (ULN) should be used rather than PTH ranges using absolute iPTH values. To date, the second‐generation PTH remains the most widely used assay. Current guidelines recommend following iPTH trends rather than absolute values. Herein, we highlight problems and challenges in PTH assays/measurements and their interpretations in dialysis patients.
Narrating Taiwan out of the Chinese Empire: Rewriting Taiwan's History from a Taiwanese Perspective in the 1970s
Authors: Hsiau A‐chin
Published: August 2018

The political control, cultural ideology, and exilic mentality that prevailed in postwar Taiwan under the authoritarian Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) was informed by a historical narrative based on a ‘Great China’ outlook embodied in the official historiography of Chinese imperial dynasties. In the 1970s, anti‐KMT young intellectuals of local Taiwanese background began to challenge this narrative by revisiting the history of Taiwanese anti‐colonialism of the 1920s and creating an alternative understanding of Taiwan's past that was supposedly a ‘return to reality’ and a ‘return to native soil’. This article examines the alternative historical accounts narrated by dissidents of the younger generation in the period of political change, when the dissident cultural politics began to shift, moving from antagonism towards the KMT and its exilic politics to an increasingly anti‐Sinocentric ‘de‐colonial’ view which motivated the challenge of Taiwanese nationalism to KMT dominance and stimulated the evolution of democratization in the 1980s and beyond.
Correlates of physical activity parenting: The Skilled Kids study
Authors: Laukkanen Arto , Niemistö Donna , Finni Taija , Cantell Marja , Korhonen Elisa , Sääkslahti Arja
Published: August 2018

We examined the relationship between physical activity parenting (PAP) and child, family, and environmental factors in families. The participants were 840 families with young children (n = 993; 5.40 ± 1.14 years) and parents (n = 993; 35.8 ± 5.29 years). Parents' self‐reported PAP (co‐participation, (in)direct support, and encouragement), child‐specific (sex, age, temperament, outdoor time, organized physical activity or sports, sedentary time, media time, PA enjoyment, motor skills compared to peers, PA, and sport facility use), family‐specific (respondent's sex, age, education, exercise frequency, family income, family status, number of children in the family, child's birth order and partner's PAP, and exercise frequency), and environment‐specific (residential density, access to sport and outdoor facilities, type of house, and access to electronic devices) factors were collected. Children's motor skills and anthropometrics were measured. After adjusting for the family cluster effect, child, family, and environmental factors were entered into a linear mixed‐effects model, with PAP as the response variable. The final model consisted of statistically significant factors, and parental education, which was forced into the model. Nine child‐ and family‐related factors explained 15% of parenting variance between the children and 52% between the families. Partner's PAP (B = 0.68, P < 0.001) had the strongest association, whereas the child's temperament (B = 0.08, P < 0.001) and birth order (B = −0.10, P < 0.001) had smaller but novel associations with the respondent's PAP. Partner's PAP and a range of child‐ and family‐related factors should be considered when promoting parental support for child PA.
Metabolic modelling and simulation of the light and dark metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Shene Carolina , Asenjo Juan A. , Chisti Yusuf
Published: August 2018

A metabolic network model of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to characterize photoautotrophic and heterotrophic (i.e. growth on stored compounds) growth under light and dark, respectively. The metabolic network comprised 2514 reactions distributed among nine intracellular compartments and the extracellular space. The metabolic network included all the key biochemical pathways for synthesis and metabolism of starch and triacylglycerols (TAGs). Under light and nitrogen limitation, the model simulated the accumulation of the energy‐rich compounds (TAGs and starch) in the cell. In the dark, the model could simulate cell growth and maintenance on stored compounds. The model‐predicted consumption rates of storage compounds (starch or TAGs) to enable growth in the dark, were found to be greater than the rates of synthesis under light. This implied utilization of the storage compounds for cell maintenance in the dark. Under constant illumination, the simulations of cell growth and intracellular starch content agreed closely with independent experimental data. In other simulations, compared with the case without photorespiration, light uptake rate increased 1.04‐fold when the ratio of the rates of oxygenation and carboxylation (Rubisco) was 0.1. Although extensive experimental work exists on culture and physiology of microalgae, it does not allow quantitative predictions of the influence of dark metabolism on the productivity of metabolites to be made. This limitation is overcome using the present model. A metabolic network model of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is shown to simulate growth and synthesis of energy‐rich compounds (triacylglycerols and starch) under light. The same model also simulates dark growth and maintenance through consumption of the stored energy‐rich compounds.
Human antimicrobial cytotoxic T lymphocytes, defined by NK receptors and antimicrobial proteins, kill intracellular bacteria
Authors: Balin Samuel J. , Pellegrini Matteo , Klechevsky Eynav , Won Sohui T. , Weiss David I. , Choi Aaron W. , Hakimian Joshua , Lu Jing , Ochoa Maria Teresa , Bloom Barry R. , Lanier Lewis L. , Stenger Steffen , Modlin Robert L.
Published: August 2018

Intracellular bacteria are killed by human antimicrobial CD8
+
T cells that express NKG2C and secrete granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin.
A systematic review of criteria used to define recovery from sport-related concussion in youth athletes
Authors: Haider Mohammad Nadir , Leddy John J , Pavlesen Sonja , Kluczynski Melissa , Baker John G , Miecznikowski Jeffrey C , Willer Barry S
Published: August 2018

Objective

The Concussion in Sport Group guidelines recommend a multifaceted approach to help clinicians make return to sport decisions. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common multifaceted measures used to define clinical recovery from sport-related concussion in young athletes (high school and/or college level) and to summarise existing knowledge of criteria used to make return to sport decisions.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

The PubMed (MEDLINE), SPORTDiscus and Embase electronic databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 1 March 2017 by three independent reviewers.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria: elementary, high school and college age groups, and a specific definition of clinical recovery that required two or more measures. Exclusion criteria: review articles, articles using the same sample population, case studies, non-English language and those that used one measure only or did not specify the recovery measures used.

Study quality

Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black Criteria.

Results

Of 2023 publications, 43 met inclusion criteria. Included articles reported the following measures of recovery: somatic symptom resolution or return to baseline (100%), cognitive recovery or return to baseline (86%), no exacerbation of symptoms on physical exertion (49%), normalisation of balance (30%), normal special physical examination (12%), successful return to school (5%), no exacerbation of symptoms with cognitive exertion (2%) and normalisation of cerebral blood flow (2%). Follow-up to validate the return to sport decision was reported in eight (19%) articles. Most studies were case–control or cohort (level of evidence 4) and had significant risk of bias.

Conclusion

All studies of sport-related concussion use symptom reports to define recovery. A minority of studies used multiple measures of outcome or had clearly defined recovery criteria, the most common being a combination of a self-reported symptom checklist and a computerised neurocognitive test. Future studies ideally should define recovery a priori using objective physiological measures in addition to symptom reports.
Depression and survival outcomes after emergency department cancer pain visits
Authors: Reyes Cielito C , Anderson Karen O , Gonzalez Carmen E , Ochs Haley Candra , Wattana Monica , Acharya Gyanendra , Todd Knox H
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Pain and depression frequently co-occur in patients with cancer. Although pain is a common reason for emergency department (ED) presentation by these patients, depression frequently goes unrecognised during an ED visit. In this study, we assessed the risk for depression in patients with cancer presenting to the ED for uncontrolled pain and assessed the extent to which the risk for depression was associated with survival in this population.

Methods

Participants were consecutive patients with cancer taking Schedule II opioids (n=209) who presented to the ED of a tertiary cancer centre for uncontrolled pain. Risk for depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), excluding the somatic symptoms. Survival was calculated from date of ED visit to date of death/last follow-up.

Results

The CES-D was completed by 197 of 209 participants (94.3%); of these, 81 of 197 (41.1%) had high risk for depression (CES-D ≥10). The mean survival time for the entire sample was 318 days (SD=33), with 84 deaths. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling showed that risk for depression and disease stage (CES-D ≥10: HR=1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.78, p=0.016; disease stage: HR=2.52, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.30, p<0.001) were significant factors for survival.

Conclusions

Risk for depression was prevalent and associated with survival outcomes in patients with cancer presenting to the ED with uncontrolled pain. Screening for risk for depression in the ED may identify patients who need referral for clinical assessment of depression. Diagnosis and adequate treatment could improve health outcomes and survival rates for these patients.
Fit for life after cancer: does exercise timing matter?
Authors: O'Connor Dominic , Daly Ailish , Mulvin Conor , Lennon Olive
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To assess the effects of a single exercise session per week for 6 weeks on quality of life (QoL), fatigue and exercise participation in male and female cancer survivors with follow-up at 6 months. A secondary aim was to identify if the timing of exercise delivery determined its effect.

Methods

An exploratory prospective cohort study design was implemented. Twenty-five patients undergoing or who had completed cancer treatment (11 active treatment; 14 completed treatment) undertook exercise and educational sessions (Fit for Life) 1×/week. The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL C-30 (EORTC QLQ C-30) and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) were used to assess fatigue, QoL and exercise levels, respectively. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after 6 months.

Results

There was a significant group × time interaction for the GLTEQ at 6 months post in favour of exercising during active treatment (p=0.01). No other group × time interactions were observed across the EORTC QLQ C-30 or BFI. There was a significant main effect for time for EORTC QLQ C-30 Global with a significant increase observed between pre and 6 months post.

Conclusions

Exercise 1×/week delivered during treatment may impact on long-term exercise participation in adult cancer survivors. This lower volume programme may improve QoL, but has minimal effect on fatigue suggesting an insufficient exercise dosage to impact this variable. This study generates interesting proof of concept results and may be helpful in the development of larger randomised controlled trials.
Diagnosis and treatment of canine hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Spence Susanna , Gunn Eilidh , Ramsey Ian
Published: August 2018

Canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease), the ‘great pretender’ of internal medicine, is a disease that should be frequently considered as a differential diagnosis of several clinical presentations, albeit it is less commonly the actual cause of the clinical signs. Hypoadrenocorticism cannot be diagnosed on clinical signs alone and further investigations are always required. There have been some interesting new ideas about diagnostic options for this condition and new treatment options are available for both acute and chronic therapy of the condition in dogs. It is therefore pertinent to review the causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.
Ultrasonography of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Scott Phil , Cousens Chris
Published: August 2018

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious and fatal lung tumour caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. This article presents images from ultrasound and postmortem examination of OPA lesions, and other common lung pathologies in adult sheep. Video recordings are also provided with the online version of this article. We would encourage veterinary practitioners to use the images and videos provided in this article as a reference repository when they are investigating OPA lesions on farm.
Immunophenotypic dysplasia and aberrant T-cell antigen expression in acute myeloid leukaemia with complex karyotype andTP53mutations
Authors: Dannheim Katelyn C , Pozdnyakova Olga , Dal Cin Paola , Weinberg Olga K
Published: August 2018

Aims

Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations are the strongest factors in determining outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML with complex karyotype confers a particularly poor prognosis and is associated with morphologic dysplasia. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) has been investigated in defining dysplasia within myelodysplastic syndromes, but little is known about immunophenotypic dysplasia in AML and correlation with genetic abnormalities. This study aimed to explore differences in antigen expression by FCI in AML with complex karyotype (AML-CK) and AML with complex karyotype andTP53mutations (AML-TP53) compared with AML with normal karyotype (AML-NK).

Methods

Twenty-five cases of AML-CK, 13 of which had abnormalities ofTP53, were compared with 83 cases of AML-NK using FCI.

Results

Our findings demonstrated brighter expression of CD34 with decreased CD33 and aberrant expression of CD5 in blasts of AML-CK, while AML-TP53 blasts exhibited brighter expression of CD13. Granulocytes in AML-CK exhibited brighter expression of CD5, CD7, CD10 and CD14, with brighter CD3 also seen in AML-TP53.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that immunophenotypic dysplasia correlates with complex karyotype andTP53mutation, including increased expression of T-cell antigens.
Usage of purchased self-tests for HIV infections among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bil Janneke P , Prins Maria , Fakoya Ibidun , Volny-Anne Alain , Burns Fiona , Zuure Freke R
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Self-tests are performed and interpreted autonomously by a person without involving a healthcare professional or a certified laboratory. To gain insight into the usage of purchased HIV self-tests (HIVST) among migrants living in high-income countries, we studied the prevalence and determinants of HIVST usage among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands.

Methods

We used web-based questionnaire data collected between April 2014 and July 2015 among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands who participated in the cross-sectional community survey of the aMASE (advancing Migrant Access to health Services in Europe) study. HIVST usage in the preceding 12 months and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. Using univariate logistic regression analyses, determinants of HIVST usage were evaluated.

Results

Among 477 migrants living in the UK (n=235), France (n=98) and the Netherlands (n=144), HIVST usage in the preceding 12 months was 1.89% (9/477, 95% CI 0.66% to 3.11%). As all nine HIVST users were men who have sex with men (MSM), we restricted our univariate analyses to MSM (n=240). HIVST usage was borderline significantly lower among MSM living in France and the Netherlands compared with those living in the UK (UK: reference; France: OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.14; the Netherlands: OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 to 1.05). Age, region of birth, educational level, registration at a general practitioner, recent number of male sexual partners and hard drug use were not associated with HIVST usage among MSM.

Conclusions

HIVST usage among migrants from the UK, France and the Netherlands was relatively low between 2014 and 2015 but higher among migrant MSM. To increase HIV testing rates among migrants, programmes need to be developed to promote HIVST among this group. Also, as more countries approve usage of HIVST, systems need to be established to ensure linkage to confirmatory testing and care following a positive test.
Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK
Authors: Higham Laura Elizabeth , Scott Carly , Akehurst Kevin , Dring Daniel , Parnham Alan , Waterman Michelle , Bright Ashleigh
Published: August 2018

Campylobacter is the leading cause of food poisoning in the UK. 2 Sisters Food Group, with retail partners, monitored the effect that: (1) awarding financial incentives to farmers and stockpersons for producing houses that were not highly contaminated with Campylobacter, or (2) the cessation of thinning (where ~30 per cent of birds are removed and processed at around day 35 of the crop cycle), had on prevalence of Campylobacter on UK broiler farms in a longitudinal monitoring study. Ninety‐four farms and 759 houses were monitored from November 2013 to October 2015, with and without interventions. Financial incentives and thinning were significantly associated with Campylobacter prevalence. Houses on farms receiving an incentive had a 54 per cent reduction in odds of being highly contaminated with Campylobacter. Houses that were thinned had a 309 per cent increase in odds of being highly contaminated. Temperature and bird age were significantly positively associated with Campylobacter. Changes in industry practice at supply chain level can support Campylobacter control plans in commercial broiler flocks. Elucidating farm‐level factors associated with Campylobacter prevalence (such as house type, condition, flock size) as well as individual factors related to thinning (stocking density, weight profile and associated economic consequences) require further investigation.
Acaricidal properties of the essential oil from Aristolochia trilobata and its major constituents against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)
Authors: de Melo João Paulo Ramos , da Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes , da Silva Lima Gesiane , de Moraes Marcilio Martins , Alves Pericles Barreto
Published: August 2018

Tetranychus urticae Koch is a polyphagous pest that is widely distributed throughout the world and causes considerable damage to crops in northeastern Brazil. The effects of the essential oil from Aristolochia trilobata L., selected constituents, and an artificial mixture (sulcatyl acetate, limonene, linalool, and p-cymene) on T. urticae in terms of fumigant action, residual contact, and fecundity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results were compared with eugenol, Azamax®, and Ortus® as positive controls. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the oil revealed a predominance of monoterpenes, with sulcatyl acetate (24.57% ± 0.40%) as the major component, followed by linalool (10.80% ± 0.27%). Toxicity varied with the method employed. Through fumigation, the A. trilobata oil was about 2.18-fold more toxic than the artificial mixture, whereas no significant difference between the two products was found with regard to residual contact. Regarding the selected compounds, the mite was most susceptible to linalool and p-cymene by fumigation and residual contact, respectively. The plant-based (Azamax®) and synthetic (Ortus®) acaricidal agents were more toxic than the products tested. Moreover, low concentrations of the products investigated herein had no effect on mite survival, but a significant effect was found on the quantity of eggs laid by females. The A. trilobata oil and artificial mixture are promising natural acaricidal agents that have more than one mode of action (fumigation and residual contact) and exert an effect on fecundity. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the cost–benefit ratio for use on organic crops and protected environments in northeastern Brazil.
Monte Carlo simulation for ultracold neutron experiments searching for neutron–mirror neutron oscillation
Authors: Biondi Riccardo
Published: August 2018

Neutron oscillation into mirror neutron, a sterile state exactly degenerate in mass with the neutron, could be a very rapid process, even faster than the neutron decay itself. It can be observed by comparing the neutron lose rates in an ultracold neutron trapping experiment for different experimental magnetic fields. We developed a Monte Carlo code that simulates many of the features of this kind of experiment with nonuniform magnetic fields. The aim of the simulation is to provide all necessary tools, needed for analyzing experimental results for neutron traps with different geometry and different configurations of magnetic fields. This work contains technical details on the Monte Carlo simulation used for the analysis in Ref. 46 not presented in it.
Self-Crossing Memristive Pinched Hystereses in Autonomous Implicit Models
Authors: Marszalek Wieslaw
Published: August 2018

This paper shows that autonomous implicit ODEs (based on planar lemniscates) are interesting models, yielding pinched self-crossing hystereses that are intrinsic features of all memristive elements in nanoscale electronics. Each model has a folded saddle that allows for an oscillating trajectory to traverse different sides of singularity. The models considered in this paper are autonomous and therefore different from typical input–state–output models considered thus far. The models preserve the usual properties of memristive elements. For example, the area enclosed by the pinched hystereses decreases with the increased frequency of oscillations. The same-time instant zero-crossing property is also satisfied provided that certain conditions are met. Another novel aspect of this paper is the fact that the autonomous models are based on various planar lemniscates (of Gerono, Devil and Bernoulli) which can be nonlinearly transformed to model pinched hystereses of various shapes. The proposed models are differentiable and the use of the sign and absolute value terms, typical in modeling of memristive elements, is avoided. Several simulation results are included and two simple analog circuits having the pinched hysteretic characteristics of mem-inductors and mem-capacitors are proposed.
Dynamical properties of random walks
Authors: Messaoudi Ali , Valle Glauco
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we study dynamical properties such as hypercyclicity, supercyclicity, frequent hypercyclicity and chaoticity for transition operators associated to countable irreducible Markov chains. As particular cases, we consider simple random walks on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Fluorinated derivatives of meso-(aminophenyl)porphyrins: Synthesis and some transformation
Authors: Ol’shevskaya Valentina A. , Alpatova Viktoriya M. , Konovalova Nadejda V. , Kononova Elena G. , Rys Evgeny G. , Bragina Natalya A.
Published: August 2018

Condensation of amino groups in 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin with pentafluorobenzaldehyde resulted in corresponding Schiff bases and was shown to be a convenient route for the preparation of fluorinated porphyrin derivatives. Compounds thus obtained were easily transformed into the corresponding amines using sodium borohydride. Fluorinated carboranyl porphyrins were prepared via the nucleophilic substitution of the para-fluorine atom of pentafluorophenyl-substituted amine porphyrin derivatives with carborane S-nucleophiles. The alternative synthetic route to the fluorinated carboranyl porphyrins included the condensation of para-carboranyl-substituted tetrafluorobenzaldehyde with corresponding meso-aminoporphyrins. All prepared porphyrins were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis, IR, 1H, 11B, 19F NMR and mass spectra.
Experimental Study of (Water–Oil) Flow Patterns and Pressure Drop in Vertical and Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Abood Sabreen A. , Abdulwahid Mohammed A. , Al-Mudhafar Mujtaba A.
Published: August 2018

This paper provides the results of experimental stream flow patterns (water–oil) investigated in vertical and horizontal pipes with an elbow. The pipes are made from Perspex; the inner diameter is 0.024[Formula: see text]m, and the lengths of the vertical and horizontal pipes are 6 and 3[Formula: see text]m, respectively. The values of pressure at the four locations where [Formula: see text], 138, 248, and 304 are measured in various cases. The superficial velocities of the water range from 0.1 to 0.4[Formula: see text]m/s and of the oil from 0.1 to 0.9[Formula: see text]m/s. The pressure decreases with an increase in the height and the speed. Droplet/elongated/churn and annular streams are observed in a vertical pipe. The flow patterns are the stratified wavy stream with droplets at the interface, scattering (dispersion) of oil in water with a water layer, and annular flow in the horizontal pipe. These results of flow patterns are determined by a digital camera.
Successful Laparoscopy-Assisted Resection of the Descending Colon in a Patient with Multiple Large Renal Cysts and Stricture of the Colon due to Ischemic Colitis
Authors: Maeda Hiromichi , Okamoto Ken , Namikawa Tsutomu , Shiga Mai , Fujisawa Kazune , Tadokoro Michiko , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Michiya
Published: August 2018

Large pathological structures in the abdominal cavity curb the application of laparoscopic surgery. This case report describes a successful laparoscopy-assisted colectomy for benign colon disease in a patient with multiple large renal cysts. An 82-year-old man was referred to our department for treatment of stenosis of descending colon secondary to ischemic colitis. An abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple large renal cysts occupying a large proportion of the peritoneal cavity. To minimize the postoperative recovery period, laparoscopic surgery was planned despite the renal cysts. After inserting access ports, the walls of the several renal cysts were fenestrated with an electronic scalpel and the serous fluid was aspirated to enable continuation of the laparoscopic colectomy. The left colon was mobilized and extracted through an incision at the umbilicus, and the affected part of the colon was resected safely. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and the present case suggests that laparoscopy-assisted colectomy can be performed safely even in patients with multiple large renal cysts.
Gender and Mortality after Radical Cystectomy: Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Heberling Ulrike , Koch Rainer , Hübler Matthias , Baretton Gustavo B. , Hakenberg Oliver W. , Wirth Manfred P. , Froehner Michael
Published: August 2018

Background: Data on the impact of gender on mortality after radical cystectomy is conflicting. We investigated a large single center sample with long-term follow-up in order to determine the relationship between gender and outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 1,184 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for high risk superficial or muscle-invasive urothelial or undifferentiated bladder cancer between 1993 and 2015 were stratified by gender. Demographic data was compared using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analysis of competing risks and logit models were used for the prediction of the receipt of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Results: Female patients were older, healthier, less frequently current smokers and had more extravesical tumors. In the multivariate analyses, female gender was an independent predictor of (lower) non-bladder cancer (competing) mortality (hazards ratio [HR] 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.95, p = 0.0248) but no predictor of bladder cancer-specific mortality (HR in the full model 1.20, 95% CI 0.94–1.54, p = 0.15). Gender was no predictor of the receipt of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: Female gender was associated with an increased risk of extravesical disease but was no independent predictor of bladder cancer-specific mortality. Anatomical differences might be a plausible explanation for these observations.
Jejunal Serrated Adenoma Diagnosed and Treated by Double-Balloon Enteroscopy
Authors: Yin Anning , Zeng Zhi , Wan Xinyue , Yu Honggang , Zhao Liang
Published: August 2018

Serrated polyps are most commonly located in the colorectum and have been well recognized as an important precursor lesion for colorectal cancer. Serrated adenoma in the small intestine has been reported more rarely but may represent a distinct morphological and biological subtype with malignant potential. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old female who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy due to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. A polyp sized 3.5 × 2.0 cm with a long pedicle in the jejunum, located 50 cm distal to the Treitz ligament, was detected. Endoscopic mucosal resection was done. The pathological results revealed a traditional serrated adenoma sized 3.5 × 2.2 cm.
Long-Term Survival in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Ramucirumab
Authors: Gil-Delgado Maria Angeles , Lucidarme Olivier , Bachet Jean Baptiste , Mahi Naima , Khayat David
Published: August 2018

We report a case of long-term survival with complete response of liver metastases within RAINBOW, a randomized, controlled trial of ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously (days 1, 15) versus placebo, both plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 intravenously (days 1, 8, 15), every 4 weeks in patients with previously treated advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. A 64-year-old man with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and liver metastases received first-line folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) following jejunostomy. On liver progression, he enrolled in RAINBOW (April 2012), receiving ramucirumab. In November 2013, positron emission tomography scan was consistent with complete metabolic response, confirmed by a follow-up scan in March 2016.
Hearing Outcomes after Transmastoid Plugging of Superior Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Wilms Katharina , Ernst Arneborg , Mittmann Philipp
Published: August 2018

Background: Patients with a superior canal dehiscence syndrome display symptoms of the vestibular disorder except that of hearing loss. Therefore, any type of surgery should treat those symptoms without affecting the hearing threshold. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the hearing threshold has been affected; the evaluation process was carried out by a transmastoid plugging of the superior canal. Another aim was to estimate the risk in loss of hearing due to this surgery. Material and Methods: In a retrospective study, 31 patients with dehiscence of the superior canal, who underwent a transmastoid plugging, were included. Additionally, 8 of them with the clinical symptoms of the Menière’s disease received an endolymphatic sac surgery. A b-c threshold at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz was observed in all patients pre and postoperatively as well as in the long-term follow-up. Results: After a mean interval of 149 days, a change in the b-c threshold of 5.9 dB was detected. After 149 days, in the patient group comprising those who underwent an additional endolymphatic sac surgery, a b-c threshold change of 17.18 dB was detected. Conclusion: The transmastoid plugging of the superior semicircular canal can be performed with an acceptable risk of hearing affection. If the surgery was combined with other techniques, (e.g. endolymphatic sac surgery) then the risk increases.
Case Series of Inappropriate Concentration of Intraocular Sulfur Hexafluoride
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: August 2018

Due to high complexity, vitreoretinal surgery presents a higher number of patient safety incidents compared with other ophthalmic procedures. Intraocular gases are one of the most useful adjuncts to vitrectomy and surprisingly, surgeons commonly admit to having occasional problems with incorrect gas concentration. The aim of this study is to present a consecutive case series of patients with improper concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) applied during vitrectomy. Three patients underwent 27-gauge vitrectomy and at the end of surgery inappropriate dilution of 100% SF6 was administered. It was attributed to a calculation error, change in the gas supplier, or increased partial pressure of SF6 before dilution. Postoperatively, due to IOP increase, two eyes required intravitreal gas-air exchange. Subsequently, cataract surgery was performed in one eye with concomitant vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade due to retinal detachment. To prevent such complications, we suggest using intraocular gases with great care, training of ophthalmic personnel, and prompting manufacturers to provide SF6 in a prepared concentration of 20%.
Terapia Comunitária Integrativa como estratégia de enfrentamento às drogas entre internos de comunidades terapêuticas:
Authors: Lemes Alisséia Guimarães , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Rocha Elias Marcelino da , Moura Adaene Alves Machado de , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Macedo Jaqueline Queiroz de
Published: August 2018

Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar os registros de fichas de rodas de Terapia Comunitária Integrativa, quanto aos problemas elencados e às estratégias enunciadas para enfrentamento. Trata-se de pesquisa retrospectiva, documental, realizada em município do Estado do Mato Grosso, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de 22 fichas de registro de rodas realizadas em duas comunidades terapêuticas masculinas, no ano de 2015. Na análise categorial dos dados, foram evidenciados os problemas (sentimentos de perdas geradas pelo processo de dependência de drogas, ansiedade e medo da recaída) mais discutidos, bem como apontouse a representatividade da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa como estratégia de apoio no auxílio para o enfrentamento por meio da confiança e do resgate de vínculos, bem como no estímulo, mediante conceitos como esperança e fé, ao suporte emocional.
Ações do enfermeiro na atenção básica para prevenção do suicídio
Authors: Silva Nayra Karoline Neco da , Carvalho Claudia Maria Sousa De , Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Carvalho Junior José Arnaldo Moreira de , Sousa Bernadete Vieira da Silva , Moreira Wanderson Carneiro
Published: August 2018

A atenção básica representa o nível de atenção à saúde no qual há potencial para identificação e intervenção precoce no risco de suicídio. Os objetivos, neste estudo, foram descrever as ações realizadas pelo enfermeiro da atenção básica para prevenção do suicídio e discutir o processo de trabalho voltado para prevenção. É estudo do tipo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Utilizouse a técnica de análise de conteúdo para o tratamento dos dados. Por meio dos resultados, revelou-se que as ações para prevenção do suicídio na atenção básica necessitam ser inseridas no processo de trabalho de enfermeiros.
Vivências de familiares da pessoa com esquizofrenia
Authors: Carvalho Claudia Maria Sousa de , Sousa Deisinara Maria Gomes de , Pinho Ranah Isabelle Amorim de , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Oliveira Adélia Dalva da Silva
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se descrever as vivências de familiares da pessoa com esquizofrenia. Estudo descritivo-qualitativo realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Teresina – Piauí. Utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e procedeu-se a análise de conteúdo à luz do referencial teórico de Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que os familiares sofrem profundos desgastes físicos e emocionais decorrentes do exercício do cuidar da pessoa com esquizofrenia e vivenciam significativos conflitos no convívio diário, comprometendo a qualidade de vida e o funcionamento social e psíquico daqueles que exercem o papel de cuidador. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias de cuidado ao binômio cliente-cuidador.
Concepção de residentes multiprofissionais sobre gestão de serviços de saúde mental
Authors: Tisott Zaira Letícia , Hildebrandt Leila Mariza , Silva Luiz Anildo Anacleto da , Cabral Fernanda Beheregaray , Leite Marinês Tambara
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: apreender a concepção de profissionais de saúde, residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, acerca do processo de Gestão Pública de Serviços de Saúde Mental e compreender a influência do processo de gestão na formação dos profissionais residentes. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, realizada com 13 profissionais residentes. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Resultados: Observou-se a importância de o gestor em saúde possuir conhecimentos referentes à saúde mental e às políticas que a regem. Ainda, a participação de residentes na gestão contribui na formação profissional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a gestão implica diretamente nos processos de trabalho da equipe e dos profissionais residentes.
Does Climate Change Bolster the Case for Fishery Reform in Asia?
Authors: Costello Christopher
Published: August 2018

I examine the estimated economic, ecological, and food security effects of future fishery management reform in Asia. Without climate change, most Asian fisheries stand to gain substantially from reforms. Optimizing fishery management could increase catch by 24% and profit by 34% over business-as-usual management. These benefits arise from fishing some stocks more conservatively and others more aggressively. Although climate change is expected to reduce carrying capacity in 55% of Asian fisheries, I find that under climate change large benefits from fishery management reform are maintained, though these benefits are heterogeneous. The case for reform remains strong for both catch and profit, though these numbers are slightly lower than in the no-climate change case. These results suggest that, to maximize economic output and food security, Asian fisheries will benefit substantially from the transition to catch shares or other economically rational fishery management institutions, despite the looming effects of climate change.
An Economic Evaluation of the Health Effects of Reducing Fine Particulate Pollution in Chinese Cities
Authors: Jin Yana , Zhang Shiqiu
Published: August 2018

Fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) is a leading mortality risk factor in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and many Asian countries. Current studies of PM2.5 mortality have been conducted at the national and provincial levels, or at the grid-based micro level, and report only the exposure index or attributable premature deaths. Little is known about the welfare implications of PM2.5 mortality for urban areas. In this study, we estimate the total cost of PM2.5 mortality, the benefit of its reduction achieved through meeting various air quality targets, and the benefit of mortality reduction achieved through a uniform 10 micrograms per cubic meter decrease in PM2.5 concentration in the urban areas of 300 major cities in the PRC. Significant heterogeneity exists in welfare indicators across rich versus poor and clean versus dirty cities. The results indicate that cities in the PRC should accelerate the fine particulate pollution control process and implement more stringent air quality targets to achieve much greater mortality reduction benefits.
Regional Cooperation on Carbon Markets in East Asia
Authors: Li Jiajia , Zhang Junjie
Published: August 2018

The People's Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea have launched individual emission trading schemes to control greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. This paper reviews key carbon market design elements in the three countries in terms of emission allowances, covered sectors, allowance allocations, monitoring, reporting and verification, compliance and penalties, and offset markets. We assess the performances of the emission trading schemes among the three countries based on secondary-market allowance transactions. Considering heterogeneous climate policy designs in the region, we explore various approaches for the linkage of East Asian carbon markets. Cooperation on carbon markets is instrumental for regional and global climate governance. It could not only help achieve cost-effective emission reductions in the region, but also signal the commitment of the three countries to climate change mitigation.
Tax Farming in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire: Institutional Backwardness or the Emergence of Modern Public Finance?
Authors: Özbek Nadir
Published: August 2018

Although tax farming—the delegation of tax collection to private individuals for profit—was common in most European countries prior to the nineteenth century, this privatized form essentially disappeared from Europe with the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. In the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century, however, tax farming remained an important instrument for extracting revenue from customs transactions, domestic and international trade, and agricultural production. The Ottoman case is unique not only for retaining this mechanism within a larger revenue collection system, even beyond the end of the century, but also for deploying it to collect the tithe, a direct tax on agricultural production. This fiscal system, which made perfect sense within the Ottoman context, was hardly archaic and primitive when considered within a broader framework.
A Faith Built on Awe
Authors: Shapiro Kenneth
Published: August 2018

Reframing atheism as a set of positive beliefs, I describe a way of living in the world in which atheism requires faith, defined as a commitment to beliefs that are both logically and empirically not subject to proof. Faithful atheists have faith in and take spiritual nourishment from being in the presence of a world which is awesome and wonderful both in that it is immediately available and that it is and will always remain at least partly opaque to understanding. They do so without positing a God or inflating the reach of reason. Their way of living is characterized by “sensational presence” (full attention to and staying with a present moment) and the courage to accept that their access and understanding whether in relation to other people, other animals, and nature more generally, is always limited. This inherent residual opacity grounds their respect and sense of mystery in each of these realms.
The Origin of Atmospheric Hydrogen
Authors: Nichols Robert L.
Published: August 2018

Hydrogen is steadily being formed in the atmosphere in various ways while at the same rate it is being lost, so that it is maintained as a “permanent” constituent, amounting to about 1 part in 10,000 by volume in the lower atmosphere, though there is extremely little if any in the upper atmosphere. From geologic times H2 can have been and still be added to the air in many ways, which are listed below. It is being lost by diffusion through the upper atmosphere to space and used up by soil bacteria.
The Influence of the Snow Cover on the Position of Arago's Neutral Point
Authors: Neuberger Hans H.
Published: August 2018

Under symmetrical light conditions the optical modification produced by a snow surface decreases the antisolar distance of Arago's neutral point. Therefore, for investigations of the atmospheric turbidity by means of observations of Arago's point this effect must be taken into consideration.