bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time real-world analysis of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness: method development and assessment of a population-based cohort in Stockholm County, Sweden, seasons 2011/12 to 2014/15
Authors: Leval Amy , Hergens Maria Pia , Persson Karin , Örtqvist Åke
Published: November 2016

Real-world estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are important for early detection of vaccine failure. We developed a method for evaluating real-time in-season vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and overall seasonal VE. In a retrospective, register-based, cohort study including all two million individuals in Stockholm County, Sweden, during the influenza seasons from 2011/12 to 2014/15, vaccination status was obtained from Stockholm’s vaccine register. Main outcomes were hospitalisation or primary care visits for influenza (International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes J09-J11). VE was assessed using Cox multivariate stratified and non-stratified analyses adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities and previous influenza vaccinations. Stratified analyses showed moderate VE in prevention of influenza hospitalisations among chronically ill adults ≥ 65 years in two of four seasons, and lower but still significant VE in one season; 53% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33–67) in 2012/13, 55% (95% CI: 25–73) in 2013/14 and 18% (95% CI: 3–31) in 2014/15. In conclusion, seasonal influenza vaccination was associated with substantial reductions in influenza-specific hospitalisation, particularly in adults ≥ 65 years with underlying chronic conditions. With the use of population-based patient register data on influenza-specific outcomes it will be possible to obtain real-time estimates of seasonal influenza VE.
Complications of ventricular entry during craniotomy for brain tumor resection
Authors: John Jessin K. , Robin Adam M. , Pabaney Aqueel H. , Rammo Richard A. , Schultz Lonni R. , Sadry Neema S. , Lee Ian Y.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Recent studies have demonstrated that periventricular tumor location is associated with poorer survival and that tumor location near the ventricle limits the extent of resection. This finding may relate to the perception that ventricular entry leads to further complications and thus surgeons may choose to perform less aggressive resection in these areas. However, there is little support for this view in the literature. This study seeks to determine whether ventricular entry is associated with more complications during craniotomy for brain tumor resection.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent craniotomy for tumor resection at Henry Ford Hospital between January 2010 and November 2012 was conducted. A total of 183 cases were reviewed with attention to operative entry into the ventricular system, postoperative use of an external ventricular drain (EVD), subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, and symptomatic intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

RESULTS

Patients in whom the ventricles were entered had significantly higher rates of any complication (46% vs 21%). Complications included development of subdural hygroma, subdural hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, subgaleal collection, wound infection, urinary tract infection/deep venous thrombosis, hydrocephalus, and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. Specifically, these patients had significantly higher rates of EVD placement (23% vs 1%, p < 0.001), hydrocephalus (6% vs 0%, p = 0.03), IVH (14% vs 0%, p < 0.001), infection (15% vs 5%, p = 0.04), and subgaleal collection (20% vs 4%, p < 0.001). It was also observed that VP shunt placement was only seen in cases of ventricular entry (11% vs 0%, p = 0.001) with 3 of 4 of these patients having a large ventricular entry (defined here as entry greater than a pinhole [< 3 mm] entry). Furthermore, in a subset of glioblastoma patients with and without ventricular entry, Kaplan-Meier estimates for survival demonstrated a median survival time of 329 days for ventricular entry compared with 522 days for patients with no ventricular entry (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.65–1.96; p = 0.67).

CONCLUSIONS

There are more complications associated with ventricular entry during brain tumor resection than in nonviolated ventricular systems. Better strategies for management of periventricular tumor resection should be actively sought to improve resection and survival for these patients.
Accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volume CT angiography in evaluating small cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Xing Wei , He Zhongming , Peng Ya , Wang Caoye , Wang Qi
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volume CT angiography (VCTA) in detecting small cerebral aneurysms (< 3 mm) compared with 3D digital subtraction angiography (3D DSA).

METHODS

Six hundred sixty-two patients underwent 320-detector row VCTA and 3D DSA for suspected cerebral aneurysms. Five neuroradiologists independently reviewed VCTA and 3D DSA images. The 3D DSA was considered the reference standard, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted and subtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were analyzed. A p value < 0.05 was considered a significant difference.

RESULTS

According to 3D DSA images, 98 small cerebral aneurysms were identified in 90 of 662 patients. Nonsubtracted VCTA depicted 90 small aneurysms. Ten small aneurysms were missed, and 2 small aneurysms were misdiagnosed. The missed small aneurysms were located almost in the internal carotid artery, near bone tissue. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were 89.8%, 99.2%, and 96.5%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. Subtracted VCTA depicted 97 small aneurysms. Three small aneurysms were missed, and 2 small aneurysms were misdiagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of subtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were 96.9%, 99.2%, and 98.6%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. There was no difference in accuracy between subtracted VCTA and 3D DSA (p = 1.000). However, nonsubtracted VCTA had significantly less sensitivity than 3D DSA and subtracted VCTA (p = 0.039 and 0.016, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Subtracted 320-detector row VCTA is sensitive enough to replace 3D DSA in the diagnosis of small cerebral aneurysms (< 3 mm). The accuracy rate of nonsubtracted VCTA was lower than that of subtracted VCTA and 3D DSA, especially in the assessment of small internal carotid artery aneurysms adjacent to the skull base.
Dynamische Generhaltung in Europas Wäldern: Paneuropäische Konzepte nehmen Gestalt an
Authors: Schueler Silvio , Konrad Heino
Published: November 2016

Dynamic gene conservation in European forests: Pan-European concepts shaping up

Forests in Europe consist mainly of wild, undomesticated tree populations showing high genetic variation that has been shaped by postglacial migration and manifold adaptations to their local environments. To conserve this genetic diversity, many European countries have developed programs for the conservation of forest genetic resources, which consist not only of seed orchards but also of forest stands for in situ gene conservation. The long-term aim of the so called “dynamic gene conservation” is the maintenance of the most important ecological and, on a longer time scale, evolutionary processes. In the European cooperation project EUFGIS, Pan-European minimum requirements for units of dynamic gene conservation in forests were developed. On the basis of these criteria, a common database of all these identified units was established. Moreover, the representativeness of the nominated conservation units for ecological zones and continental hot spots of genetic diversity was analyzed, and the vulnerability of the network under climate change was investigated. This analysis showed that the present network of dynamic conservation units for various tree species contains significant gaps in its ecological and phylogenetic representativeness and indicates that up to 65% of the nominated conservation units of a target tree species will be highly vulnerable under climate change. Therefore, the network of gene conservation units needs to be extended, and additional transnational conservation actions including European assisted migration schemes should be considered.
A Community study of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in middle-aged Bangladeshi population
Authors: Hossain AKM Mosharraf , Ahmed Kohinoor , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Chakrobortty Rajashish
Published: November 2016

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the occurrence of repetitive episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep in association with loud snoring and daytime sleepiness and is a risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and more. The present study was performed to assess the prevalence as well as the clinical and anthropometric predictors of OSAHS in an urban community of middle aged Bangladeshi population. The study was a cross-sectional, community-based prevalence study which was performed in an urban community in Dhanmondi Thana Pourashava of Dhaka city from July 2007 to June 2008. About 2500 citizens, aged 30-60 years were included in the study. In stage one of the study, they were informed about the polysomnography (PSG) study (stage two of the study) and 2250 of them gave consent. Subjects were then divided into habitual (495) and non-habitual snorers (1755). Among 2250 subjects, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSAH) in habitual snorers was 48.33% (239/495), and that in non-habitual snorers was 1.66% (29/1755). So, the overall prevalence of OSAH in the screened population was 11.91%, and that of OSAHS was 3.29%. Likewise, the prevalence of OSAH and OSAHS in men were 17.37% and 4.49%, respectively and 6.25% and 2.14% in women. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender, age, obesity (defined by a high body mass index), waist/hip ratio were significant risk factors for OSAHS. These findings can help us in identifying the prevalence of OSAHS in the community and further planning in the management of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
Risk Factors of Tendo-Achilles Injury in Football, Cricket and Badminton Players at Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M. Jobair , Giasuddin ASM , Khalil M. Ibrahim
Published: November 2016

Achilles tendon is the tendon connecting the heel with the calf muscles. Tendo-achilles injury (TAI) in players is common in games. The frequency of TAI is unknown and aetiology is controversial. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of TAI and associated factors contributing to it in football, cricket and badminton. From January to June 2012, male players (n=131), age 17-35 years, were selected by purposive sampling technique from renowned sporting clubs at Dhaka, Bangladesh. TAI was diagnosed through structured questionnaire and interviewing the respondents. The analysis by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme revealed that 11.5% players suffered from TAI, i.e. prevalence was 115 per 1000 respondents. Most injuries (70/131; 53.4%) occurred in the playground and (59/131; 45.3%) happened in practice field. Injuries among the players of third division were higher, i.e. about 36% (p=0.000). TAI was significantly dependent on occupation (p=0.046), BMI (p=0.008), divisional status (p=0.023), game type (p=0.043), ground condition (p=0.05) and injury severity (p=0.000). The injured players referred for treatment to the physiotherapist was highest (9/15, i.e. 60%) followed by the physicians (5/15, i.e. 33%) (p=0.000). The associations of TAI with various factors were discussed suggesting effective measures be taken and treatment, particularly physiotherapy, be given to injured players. However, there is a need of team work with sports medicine specialist also to enable the injured players to continue their professional games.
Geometric Theory of Heat from Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics and Koszul Hessian Geometry: Applications in Information Geometry for Exponential Families
Authors: Barbaresco Frédéric
Published: November 2016

We introduce the symplectic structure of information geometry based on Souriau’s Lie group thermodynamics model, with a covariant definition of Gibbs equilibrium via invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its moment space, defining physical observables like energy, heat, and moment as pure geometrical objects. Using geometric Planck temperature of Souriau model and symplectic cocycle notion, the Fisher metric is identified as a Souriau geometric heat capacity. The Souriau model is based on affine representation of Lie group and Lie algebra that we compare with Koszul works on G/K homogeneous space and bijective correspondence between the set of G-invariant flat connections on G/K and the set of affine representations of the Lie algebra of G. In the framework of Lie group thermodynamics, an Euler-Poincaré equation is elaborated with respect to thermodynamic variables, and a new variational principal for thermodynamics is built through an invariant Poincaré-Cartan-Souriau integral. The Souriau-Fisher metric is linked to KKS (Kostant–Kirillov–Souriau) 2-form that associates a canonical homogeneous symplectic manifold to the co-adjoint orbits. We apply this model in the framework of information geometry for the action of an affine group for exponential families, and provide some illustrations of use cases for multivariate gaussian densities. Information geometry is presented in the context of the seminal work of Fréchet and his Clairaut-Legendre equation. The Souriau model of statistical physics is validated as compatible with the Balian gauge model of thermodynamics. We recall the precursor work of Casalis on affine group invariance for natural exponential families.
A Procedure to Perform Multi-Objective Optimization for Sustainable Design of Buildings
Authors: Brunelli Cristina , Castellani Francesco , Garinei Alberto , Biondi Lorenzo , Marconi Marcello
Published: November 2016

When dealing with sustainable design concepts in new construction or in retrofitting existing buildings, it is useful to define both economic and environmental performance indicators, in order to select the optimal technical solutions. In most of the cases, the definition of the optimal strategy is not trivial because it is necessary to solve a multi-objective problem with a high number of the variables subjected to nonlinear constraints. In this study, a powerful multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm, NSGAII (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II), is used to derive the Pareto optimal solutions, which can illustrate the whole trade-off relationship between objectives. A method is then proposed, to introduce uncertainty evaluation in the optimization procedure. A new university building is taken as a case study to demonstrate how each step of the optimization process should be performed. The results achieved turn out to be reliable and show the suitableness of this procedure to define both economic and environmental performance indicators. Similar analysis on a set of buildings representatives of a specific region might be used to assist local/national administrations in the definition of appropriate legal limits that will permit a strategic optimized extension of renewable energy production. Finally, the proposed approach could be applied to similar optimization models for the optimal planning of sustainable buildings, in order to define the best solutions among non-optimal ones.
An SOI CMOS-Based Multi-Sensor MEMS Chip for Fluidic Applications
Authors: Mansoor Mohtashim , Haneef Ibraheem , Akhtar Suhail , Rafiq Muhammad , De Luca Andrea , Ali Syed , Udrea Florin
Published: November 2016

An SOI CMOS multi-sensor MEMS chip, which can simultaneously measure temperature, pressure and flow rate, has been reported. The multi-sensor chip has been designed keeping in view the requirements of researchers interested in experimental fluid dynamics. The chip contains ten thermodiodes (temperature sensors), a piezoresistive-type pressure sensor and nine hot film-based flow rate sensors fabricated within the oxide layer of the SOI wafers. The silicon dioxide layers with embedded sensors are relieved from the substrate as membranes with the help of a single DRIE step after chip fabrication from a commercial CMOS foundry. Very dense sensor packing per unit area of the chip has been enabled by using technologies/processes like SOI, CMOS and DRIE. Independent apparatuses were used for the characterization of each sensor. With a drive current of 10 µA–0.1 µA, the thermodiodes exhibited sensitivities of 1.41 mV/°C–1.79 mV/°C in the range 20–300 °C. The sensitivity of the pressure sensor was 0.0686 mV/(Vexcit kPa) with a non-linearity of 0.25% between 0 and 69 kPa above ambient pressure. Packaged in a micro-channel, the flow rate sensor has a linearized sensitivity of 17.3 mV/(L/min)−0.1 in the tested range of 0–4.7 L/min. The multi-sensor chip can be used for simultaneous measurement of fluid pressure, temperature and flow rate in fluidic experiments and aerospace/automotive/biomedical/process industries.
Investigation of the Bioequivalence of Rosuvastatin 20 mg Tablets after a Single Oral Administration in Mediterranean Arabs Using a Validated LC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Zaid Abdel , Al Ramahi Rowa , Cortesi Rita , Mousa Ayman , Jaradat Nidal , Ghazal Nadia , Bustami Rana
Published: November 2016

There is a wide inter-individual response to statin therapy including rosuvastatin calcium (RC), and it has been hypothesized that genetic differences may contribute to these variations. In fact, several studies have shown that pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for RC are affected by race. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the interchangeability between two generic RC 20 mg film-coated tablets under fasting conditions among Mediterranean Arabs and to compare the pharmacokinetic results with Asian and Caucasian subjects from other studies. A single oral RC 20 mg dose, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover design study was conducted in 30 healthy Mediterranean Arab volunteers. Blood samples were collected prior to dosing and over a 72-h period. Concentrations in plasma were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Twenty-six volunteers completed the study. Statistical comparison of the main PK parameters showed no significant difference between the generic and branded products. The point estimates (ratios of geometric mean %) were 107.73 (96.57–120.17), 103.61 (94.03–114.16), and 104.23 (94.84–114.54) for peak plasma concentration (Cmax), Area Under the Curve (AUC)0→last, and AUC0→∞, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within the pre-defined limits of 80%–125% as specified by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for bioequivalence studies. Both formulations were well-tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. The PK results (AUC0→last and Cmax) were close to those of the Caucasian subjects. This study showed that the test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence following a 20 mg oral dose of RC under fasting conditions. Both formulations also showed comparable safety results. The PK results of the test and reference in the study subjects fall within the acceptable interval of 80%–125% and they were very close to the results among Caucasians. These PK results may be useful in order to determine the suitable RC dose among Arab Mediterranean patients.
Effect of Aromatic Substitution of Curcumin Nanoformulations on Their Stability
Authors: Okonogi Siriporn , Naksuriya Ornchuma , Charumanee Suporn , Sirithunyalug Jakkapan
Published: November 2016

Curcumin, a poorly water-soluble bioactive compound, was successfully loaded into three different aromatic contents of hydroxypropylmethacrylamide (HPMA)-based polymeric micelles in order to develop water-soluble curcumin nanoformulations (Cur-Nano). The stability study of Cur-Nano was done by keeping the formulations at 4, 30, and 40 °C for 90 days. The physical appearance, curcumin remaining, and particle size of Cur-Nano were examined by visual inspection, high-performance liquid chromatography, and dynamic light scattering, respectively. After the storage period, the Cur-Nano composed of 100% aromatic-substituted polymer exhibited the highest stability of curcumin (80% of curcumin remaining) with a similar particle size as measured on the first day (50–60 nm) in all storage conditions. Curcumin in Cur-Nano composed of 25% and 0% aromatic-substituted polymer was significantly less stable accordingly. The results suggested that aromatic substitution to HPMA-based polymeric micelles can significantly enhance the stability of the loaded curcumin, considerably due to the π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic groups of curcumin and the polymer. It is concluded that curcumin-loaded polymeric micelles with high substituted aromatic content can be promising candidates with good storage stability for further clinical evaluations.
Destabilization Mechanism of Ionic Surfactant on Curcumin Nanocrystal against Electrolytes
Authors: Rachmawati Heni , Rahma Annisa , Al Shaal Loaye , Müller Rainer , Keck Cornelia
Published: November 2016

We have successfully developed curcumin nanosuspension intended for oral delivery. The main purpose is to improve bioavailability through enhancing its solubility. The nanoparticles were stabilized using various stabilizers, including polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The average diameter of particles, microscopic appearance, and sedimentation of each preparation was observed and compared. Each stabilizer demonstrated a different degree of inhibition of particle aggregation under electrolyte-containing simulated gastrointestinal (GIT) fluid. Non-ionic stabilizers (PVA, PVP, and TPGS) were shown to preserve the nanosuspension stability against electrolytes. In contrast, strong ionic surfactants such as SDS were found to be very sensitive to electrolytes. The results can provide useful information for the formulators to choose the most suitable stabilizers by considering the nature of stabilizers and physiological characteristics of the target site of the drug.
Development of SSR markers for a Tibetan medicinal plant, Lancea tibetica (Phrymaceae), based on RAD sequencing
Authors: Tian Zunzhe , Zhang Faqi , Liu Hairui , Gao Qingbo , Chen Shilong
Published: November 2016

Premise of the study:

Lancea tibetica (Phrymaceae), a Tibetan medicinal plant, is endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The over‐exploitation of wild L. tibetica has led to the destruction of many populations. To enhance protection and management, biological research, especially population genetic studies, should be carried out on L. tibetica. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of L. tibetica were developed to analyze population diversity.

Methods and Results:

Four thousand four hundred and forty‐one SSR loci were identified for L. tibetica based on restriction‐site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform. One hundred SSR loci were arbitrarily selected for primer design, and 38 of them were successfully amplified. These markers were tested on 56 individuals from three populations of L. tibetica, and 10 markers displayed polymorphisms. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from three to eight, and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 1.000 and 0.683 to 0.879, respectively. We tested for cross‐amplification of these 10 markers in the related species L. hirsuta and found that nine could be successfully amplified.

Conclusions:

The SSR markers characterized here are the first to be developed and tested in L. tibetica. They will be useful for future population genetic studies on L. tibetica and closely related species.
Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in Women who Acquired HIV while Enrolled in Tenofovir Gel Prophylaxis Trials
Authors: Naicker Nivashnee , Naidoo Anushka , Werner Lise , Garrett Nigel , Majola Nelisile , Asari Villeshni , Baxter Cheryl , Grobler Anneke , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Karim Salim S Abdool
Published: November 2016

Background

We assessed whether women who acquired HIV during tenofovir gel prophylaxis trials can be safely and effectively treated with tenofovir-containing anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

Between May 2011 and October 2014, HIV seroconvertors from two tenofovir gel trials were recruited when eligible for ART (CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/ml, pregnancy or AIDS-defining illness). Women were randomized to tenofovir-containing (tenofovir + lamivudine/emtricitabine + efavirenz) or tenofovir-sparing (zidovudine + lamivudine/emtricitabine + efavirenz) antiretroviral treatment regimens. The proportion with virological suppression, adverse events and drug switches were compared.

Results

Fifty-nine women were enrolled and followed-up for median 18 months (IQR 6–24). Twenty-nine women (7 tenofovir gel exposed, 22 tenofovir gel unexposed) were randomized to a tenofovir-containing and 30 (9 tenofovir gel exposed, 21 tenofovir gel unexposed) to a tenofovir-sparing regimen. Median baseline CD4+ T-cell count and viral load (VL) were 345 cells/ml (IQR 280–423) and 4.5 log copies/ml (sd 0.79), and did not differ by ART assignment. Overall VL suppression rates were 88.0% and 78.3% at 6 months ( P=0.454) and 85.7% and 79.0% at 12 months ( P=0.689) in women on the tenofovir-containing and tenofovir-sparing regimens, respectively. Toxicity-related drug switches were more frequent in women on the tenofovir-sparing than tenofovir-containing regimen (36.7% versus 0.0%, P<0.001).

Conclusions

Preliminary data show that tenofovir-containing ART was effective and more tolerable in HIV seroconvertors from tenofovir gel prophylaxis trials and may be considered for use in women with prior tenofovir gel exposure. Clinical trials.gov NCT01387022.
NUMBER OF SPIKES: A PROPER METRIC FOR PARALLEL FIBER PATTERNS RECOGNITION BY A PURKINJE CELL
Authors: Abbasi Samira , Abbasi Ataollah , Sarbaz Yashar
Published: November 2016

The cerebellum receives a variety of inputs and it accomplishes information processing based on its internal rules. Purkinje cells (PCs) play a major role in the information processing of the cerebellum. These cells can learn input patterns from parallel fiber (PF) by long-term depression (LTD) in PF to PC synapses, but it is not clear how PCs encode information in their firing activity. Previous studies reported different mechanisms for information processing in PCs, and some studies mentioned that PCs encode weak and strong PF input patterns using different mechanisms. Thus, it remains a controversial issue how PCs encode PF patterns in their output. Therefore, in this study, pattern recognition in PCs was explored using a multi-compartmental model of a PC. Simulation results indicated that the PC responded to PF input patterns with a short burst followed by a quiescent period, and a proper metric for patterns recognition could be the number of spikes in the burst. So, learned patterns by LTD as well as novel patterns could be discriminated based on the number of spikes in the burst, and there were no different mechanisms of information processing for weak PF input patterns versus strong patterns.
Big Data Analytics
Authors: Subramanian Nachiappan , Abdulrahman Muhammad D. , Chan Hing Kai , Ning Kun
Published: November 2016

In this chapter, we will introduce practical issues and implementation challenges from the industry perspective. In particular, we explain three aspects based on the panel discussions from the set of representatives participated in a big data conference from three dominant industries such as e-commerce, health care and computer hardware, which are sought of big data for their growth and development. We introduce overall challenges and explain typical industry based practical issues, how they visualize the big picture for their strategic development and how industries are gearing towards converting the challenges to big opportunities through the partnership of universities. Finally, based on the content analysis we offer potential trends and future research directions.
Exploring the Hidden Pattern from Tweets
Authors: Tse Ying Kei , Zhang Minhao , Doherty Bob , Chappell Paul , Moore Susan R. , Keefe Tom
Published: November 2016

Social media has recently emerged as a key tool to manage customer relations in industry. This chapter aims to contribute a step-by-step Twitter Analytic framework for analysing the tweets in a fiscal crisis. The proposed framework includes three major sections – demographic analytic, content analytic and integrated method analytic. This chapter provides useful insights to develop this framework through the lens of the recent Volkswagen emission scandal. A sizable dataset of #volkswagescandal tweets (8,274) was extracted as the research sample. Research findings based upon this sample include the following: Consumer sentiments are overall negative toward the scandal; some clustered groups are identified; male users expressed more interest on social media in the topic than female users; the popularity of tweets was closely related with the timing of news coverage, which indicates the traditional media is still playing a critical role in public opinion formation. The limitations and practical contribution of the current study are also discussed.
Sociotechnical and Pedagogical Barriers to Technology Integration
Authors: Wilson Nicholas
Published: November 2016

This chapter explore barriers to technology integration in school-based learning environments. Recent research suggests that such barriers play a significant role in reproducing digital education inequities, otherwise known as the “Educational Digital Divide” (Hohlfeld, Ritzhaupt, Barron, & Kemker, 2008). Indeed, barriers to integration significantly impact the frequency and purpose of technology use in the classroom, as well as students' opportunities to develop critical 21st century skills that can be utilized for the betterment of their personal and academic lives. From a sociocultural perspective, many of these barriers implicate elements of institutional structures, as well as teachers' attitudes and beliefs about technology and learning.
Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Cressey James
Published: November 2016

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework for curriculum and instructional planning through which educators can maximize accessibility and minimize barriers that are often experienced by learners. Teacher educators are in a unique position to introduce UDL to future elementary teachers and support them in developing inclusive pedagogical methods early on in their careers. While Common Core State Standards can guide educators in what to teach, UDL provides a framework for how to teach. Education technology tools are used extensively within UDL to make curriculum materials more accessible and engaging. In this chapter, the UDL framework will be described along with many specific applications within elementary teacher education.
Technology Integration in Preservice Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Giovannini Joan M.
Published: November 2016

The integration of technology in K-12 education is highlighted in the ISTE Standards, Common Core State Standards Initiative, and Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Preservice teacher education must reevaluate how technology integration is approached, examining preservice teacher attitudes and competencies toward instructional design and technology use. Recent studies indicate that, while preservice teachers demonstrate a high level of understanding of technology tools, they do not integrate those tools naturally into classroom settings for lesson delivery, assessment and classroom management. In a world of rapidly changing technology tools, preservice teacher education must develop an instructional and philosophical approach that identifies challenges and opportunities for technology integration in teaching and learning. This chapter provides an overview of research that explores the integration of educational technology in preservice teacher education. It provides emerging recommendations for design and redesign of those programs.
Preparing Next Generation Elementary Teachers for the Tools of Tomorrow
Authors: Dreon Oliver , Shettel Jennifer , Bower Kevin M.
Published: November 2016

This chapter examines the results from ongoing research of an authentic, problem-based learning (PBL) project. Embedded in an instructional technology course, the project was designed to help preservice teachers develop technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) necessary to successfully incorporate digital tools and applications in elementary classrooms (Harris, Mishra, & Koelher, 2009). The project partnered the preservice teachers with local elementary school classrooms where they served as instructional designers to develop digital media in support of a flipped classroom initiative. Results indicate that the semester-long PBL-based assignment significantly impacted the preservice teachers' TPACK development in several critical areas and can serve as a model for advancing next generation teacher education. Overarching themes that emerged and recommendations for future research are offered as well.
Let It Go
Authors: Friesem Yonty , Jennings Brien J. , Prest Carol
Published: November 2016

This case study introduces a two-year process in which a fourth grade teacher working with a library media specialist experienced a successful integration of digital and media literacy practices. During that time the fourth grade teacher adopted a less protectionist approach by having her students explore different multimedia production projects to enhance their learning in social studies. This book chapter introduces the process of both the fourth grade teacher as she explored new instructional strategies to incorporate media production and the Common Core State Standards and the library media specialist as a support team member. The standards index and its media production application can help educators integrate media production into their classrooms. This case study can help promote media production activities as they foster 21st century skills in elementary students.
Impact of Climate Change on the Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers and Its Impact on Major River Hydrology
Authors: Singh Ram Karan
Published: November 2016

Himalayan Glaciers are the largest freshwater resource on earth and the rivers originating from them are an important source of water. They significantly modify stream flow both in quantity and timing as annual basin run-off is enhanced or decreased in years of negative or positive glacier mass balance respectively. Although glacial advances and retreats are a part of its natural cyclic phenomenon, the rate of de-glaciations has accelerated in recent times due to climatic changes and global warming caused by anthropogenic activities. Some of the important glaciers of Himalayas are receding at an alarming rate, which could have dire consequences on river hydrology of the main rivers of this region namely, Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra, initially causing floods and the paradoxically, scarcity of water later. This chapter is an attempt to summarize some of the studies on Himalayan glacier retreats and also to assess its impact on the availability of freshwater in the sub-continent.
Report of activities for the GEM-2 predictive surficial geology mapping derived from LANDSAT 7, Rae, NTS 85-K, Northwest Territories, GEM-2 Mackenzie Project
Authors: Morse P D , Kerr D E , Wolfe S A
Published: November 2016

The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program lays the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North, and the Mackenzie Corridor region of interest represents the largest unmapped (bedrock and surficial geology) area of Northwest
Territories. The lack of geologic knowledge in this area is a significant detriment to the economic potential of the region. The Rae map (NTS 85-K) identifies surficial geology and associated landforms left by the retreat of the last glaciers which covered the area about 9500 years ago. This
preliminary map of surficial geology is based on remote predictive mapping, airphoto interpretation and limited fieldwork. The goal is to develop a timely first-version map, validated in selected areas and reviewed by geological experts, which reasonably depicts the distribution of surficial
sediments for northern industry exploration and development purposes.
Influence of topography and human activity on apparent in situ 10Be-derived erosion rates in Yunnan, SW China
Authors: Schmidt Amanda H. , Neilson Thomas B. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan H. , Ouimet William B. , Sosa Gonzalez Veronica
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In order to understand better if and where erosion rates calculated using in situ 10Be are affected by contemporary changes in land use and attendant deep regolith erosion, we calculated erosion rates using measurements of in situ 10Be in quartz from 52 samples of river sediment collected from three tributaries of the Mekong River (median basin area = 46.5 km2). Erosion rates range from 12 to 209 mm kyr−1 with an area-weighted mean of 117 ± 49 mm kyr−1 (1 standard deviation) and median of 74 mm kyr−1. We observed a decrease in the relative influence of human activity from our steepest and least altered watershed in the north to the most heavily altered landscapes in the south. In the areas of the landscape least disturbed by humans, erosion rates correlate best with measures of topographic steepness. In the most heavily altered landscapes, measures of modern land use correlate with 10Be-estimated erosion rates but topographic steepness parameters cease to correlate with erosion rates. We conclude that, in some small watersheds with high rates and intensity of agricultural land use that we sampled, tillage and resultant erosion has excavated deeply enough into the regolith to deliver subsurface sediment to streams and thus raise apparent in situ 10Be-derived erosion rates by as much as 2.5 times over background rates had the watersheds not been disturbed.
Acoustic and optical methods to infer water transparency at Time Series Station Spiekeroog, Wadden Sea
Authors: Schulz Anne-Christin , Badewien Thomas H. , Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P. , Zielinski Oliver
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Water transparency is a primary indicator of optical water quality that is driven by suspended particulate and dissolved material. A data set from the operational Time Series Station Spiekeroog located at a tidal inlet of the Wadden Sea was used to perform (i) an inter-comparison of observations related to water transparency, (ii) correlation tests among these measured parameters, and (iii) to explore the utility of both acoustic and optical tools in monitoring water transparency. An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler was used to derive the backscatter signal in the water column. Optical observations were collected using above-water hyperspectral radiometers and a submerged turbidity metre. Bio-fouling on the turbidity sensors optical windows resulted in measurement drift and abnormal values during quality control steps. We observed significant correlations between turbidity collected by the submerged metre and that derived from above-water radiometer observations. Turbidity from these sensors was also associated with the backscatter signal derived from the acoustic measurements. These findings suggest that both optical and acoustic measurements can be reasonable proxies of water transparency with the potential to mitigate gaps and increase data quality in long-time observation of marine environments.
Nature-Based Tourism and Revitalization of Rural Communities in Japan: An Ethnographic Case Study of Oyama Town
Authors: Hasan Eid-Ul
Published: November 2016

This paper explores the community revitalization efforts through nature-based tourism in rural Japan. The high economic growth in the late 1980s brought a new trend of nostalgia for the countryside and a desire for rural space in domestic tourism, which went together with the demographic transition in rural Japan. Since the 1990s, many rural communities in Japan have turned towards the nature-based tourism as a ‘potential savior’ from the effects of long-term depopulation, aging, urban migration, and decreasing agricultural profitability. This paper is based on ethnographic field research in Oyama Town, located in Oita Prefecture in the southern island of Kyushu. Since the beginning of the new millennium, Oyama has embraced nature-based tourism activities in order to sustain its’ community. Oyama’s version of nature-based tourism includes themes like green tourism, landscape tourism and agriculture tourism. The research found that nature-based tourism activities in Oyama have helped the community members identify, conserve and capitalize on many latent local resources. The research also found that Oyama has succeeded in addressing the new market opportunities and acted accordingly. Nature-based tourism in Oyama has also increased the promotion of farm products and local culture, income opportunities for local women and elderly, and the diffusion of implicit knowledge on traditional rural lifestyles and environment. The findings provide an important lesson on how small communities in rural areas can be successful in sustaining their communities through community-oriented nature-based tourism, and thus have a wider signification for community revitalization in the face of extreme socio-economic transition.
A Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study on Total Hip Arthroplasty Using 4 Different Bearings: Results after 10 Years
Authors: Borgwardt Arne , Zerahn Bo , Fabricius Sandra D. , Bertelsen Tine H. , Daugaard Henrik , Ribel-Madsen Søren
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To compare 4 different bearings in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a randomised controlled clinical study on clinical performance.

Methods

393 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or avascular necrosis were included and allocated to 1 of the head-and-cup couples zirconia-on-polyethylene (group A), metal-on-metal (group B), zirconia-on-polyethylene with the liner moulded into the shell (group C), or alumina-on-alumina (group D). In the individual case the surgeon could choose other implants if indicated.

Results

299 patients were operated with the allocated prosthesis. The estimated cumulated prosthesis survival percentages and 95% confidence interval after 10 years were: group A 84.6 (75.8-93.4); group B 95.0 (89.5-100); group C 93.2 (86.7-99.7); group D 66.1 (54.5-77.7). The patients' physical function was significantly improved and remained equally good in all 4 groups, however slightly declining with ageing. The luxation rate was initially high, and equal between the groups, but was reduced by improving the surgical procedure introducing capsule repair by reinsertion of the short external hip rotators.

Conclusions

The metal-on-metal or zirconia-on-polyethylene prostheses had high 10-year survival percentages. The longevity of these bearing couples by themselves was not related to the combination of materials. The zirconia-on-polyethylene prosthesis with the liner mounted peroperatively possibly exhibited cases of backside wear which the corresponding bearing couple with moulded polyethylene (Asian) did not. The alumina-on-alumina bearing performed poorly - it was redesigned after our study initiation and later withdrawn from the market.
Exuberant mesothelial proliferation mimicking malignant mesothelioma in a patient with prolonged VP shunt: A case report
Authors: Kanso Mohamad , Massad Cleo , Shabb Nina , Anouti Bilal , Akel Reem , Haidar Mohamad , Tfayli Arafat
Published: November 2016

Background: Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) surgery is the most widely used procedure in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Common complications post-VP shunt insertion are infection, mechanical failure, as well as functional complications such as overor underdrainage. Rarely, abdominal complications can present remotely after the time of VP shunt insertion. We found no reportsin the literature describing peritoneal exuberant mesothelial hyperplasia mimicking mesothelioma, clinically, radiologically, andpathologically in a setting of VP shunt.Case: A 22-year-old female with a history of T cell lymphoma in 2002, suffered from CNS recurrence and increased intracranialpressure (ICP) in 2004 necessitating a VP shunt insertion. In 2015, she presented with abdominal pain. CT scan of the abdomenshowed omental nodular lesions that were biopsied and read first by a private pathology center as atypical mesothelial proliferationfavoring malignant mesothelioma. However, after reviewing the full medical history and evaluating additional surgical materialfrom the patient, review of the pathology specimen at the American University of Beirut concluded that the final diagnosis isatypical mesothelial proliferation favoring exuberant mesothelial hyperplasia possibly as a reaction to the long-standing VPshunt.Conclusion: It is often difficult for the pathologist to differentiate a malignant from a reactive mesothelial hyperplasia especiallyon biopsies or limited material due to sampling issues. Many features of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia can mimic malignantmesothelioma. This complication took place in the setting of a VP shunt.
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Management by Using VIKOR: A Case Study of USA States
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Yadav Amit , Anis Maira , Kumar Shah Rajeev
Published: November 2016

Global warming is the major problem of the modern world due to environmental pollution, where hazardous waste disposal poses threat to the environment. USA is urbanized country but still going through hard time due to indecorous management of hazardous waste. To manage such problem are always difficult for the related parties because every individual have their own judgement. Which is difficult to put everyone opinions together for the decision making. The objective of this study was to elucidate hazardous waste problem of USA. This paper espouses VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods which is prevalent method applied in multi-criteria analysis (MCA). The empirical studies ranked each state of USA from best to worst for hazardous waste management and will help EPA (environmental protection agency) to improve hazardous waste of each state by comparing with the best.
Social anxiety moderates the links between excessive chatting and compulsive Internet use
Authors: Van Zalk Nejra
Published: November 2016

Excessive online chatting can lead to unwanted consequences such as compulsive Internet use over time. Not all adolescents use chatting for the same purpose, however, and these links may not be as pronounced for socially anxious adolescents as they likely communicate with others online in order to compensate for offline social inadequacies. The current study investigated whether social anxiety moderated the links between excessive chatting and compulsive Internet use over time. Using a sample of 523 early adolescents (269 girls; Mage = 14.00) from a 3-wave longitudinal study, the links between excessive chatting and compulsive Internet use were investigated via manifest autoregressive models, and moderating effects of social anxiety were tested via multiple-group comparison procedures. The results showed bidirectional links between excessive chatting and compulsive Internet use from Time 2–Time 3, as excessive chatting predicted more symptoms of compulsive Internet use, whereas compulsive Internet use predicted more excessive chatting – over and above the effects of gender. These links were present for adolescents low on social anxiety, but they were largely missing for highly socially anxious adolescents. Thus, social anxiety may have protective effects for early adolescents who spend too much time chatting online, as it may help reduce the risk of developing symptoms of compulsive Internet use.