bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Hydrologic Change Due to Regulation and Tributary Contributions on the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park WY
Authors: Nelson Nicholas , Schmidt John
Published: July 2020

Channel and floodplain form are primarily determined by the flux of water through a reach and the associated transport of the sediment delivered from the upstream watershed. The dominant paradigm of fluvial geomorphology is that the size of the bankfull channel and the characteristics of the adjacent floodplain are maintained by the current hydrologic and sediment supply regimes (Wolman and Miller, 1960; Andrews, 1980; Leopold, 1994). The linkage among flow regime, sediment supply, and channel and floodplain form is well illustrated on regulated rivers where the flow regime and sediment supply are altered by dams. Bed incision under conditions of sediment deficit has been widely described (Mostafa, 1957; Komura and Simmons, 1967; Galay, 1983; Williams and Wolman, 1984). The longitudinal change from near-dam sediment deficit to sediment surplus further downstream has been described by Andrews (1984) and Grant et al. (2003), although local differences in bed texture, channel organization, and valley confinement affect the magnitude of channel and floodplain change in any specific reach (Lagasse, 1981; Grams and Schmidt, 2002, 2005).
Fire and Vegetation History of the Last 2000 Years in Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Authors: Whitlock Cathy , Jacobs Karen
Published: July 2020

Fire is an important form of natural disturbance in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems in the western United States, and it serves as a critical link between climate change and ecosystem response (Agee, 1990; Swetnam and Betancourt, 1998). The nature of these linkages depends on the time scale of interest. On short time scales, climate/weather and vegetation characteristics affect the fire conditions of particular years (and decades), as well as the dynamics of post-fire ecological succession. On centennial and millennial time scales, large-scale changes in climate alter regional fire regimes and vegetation composition. The linkages are especially complex in the western U.S., where fire regimes vary across environmental gradients and include frequent surface fires as well as infrequent stand-replacement events.
Harrison R. Crandall: Artist, Pioneer and Patron of Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Barrick Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Harrison R. Crandall (or "Hank" as he preferred; Fig. 1) is best known for his paintings and photographs of the Teton Range, and ranch scenes of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. However, Hank 's multi-faceted life, which spanned the period from 1887-1970, was far more interesting and important than is generally recognized. He was the first artist and commercial photographer to operate a studio in the Jackson Hole area, but he was also a valley homesteader, an important supporter and patron in the establishment of the Grand Teton National Park, and a pioneer concessionaire of the National Park art and souvenirs before the advent of mass tourism. Hank's natural artistic talent was accompanied by a complex personality - a mixture of the spirited individualism required of a mountain adventureer and dry-land homesteader, a loving and dedicated family man who promoted shared labor and leisure, and an environmentally attuned visionary who helped many to interpret the meaning of the Grand Teton National Park experience.
Lead Toxicosis in Scavenging Species within the Southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Bedrosian Bryan , Craighead Derek
Published: July 2020

Lead toxicosis in terrestrial birds has been receiving much attention in recent years (for review, see Fisher et al. 2006). Particularly, much of this attention has been focused around the critically endangered California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) because of the large percentage of free-flying condors that are exhibiting and dying from lead poisoning (Parish et al. 2007). Church et al. (2006) has found that the majority of lead ingested by the condors originates from spent rifle ammunition in offal and big game not retrieved by hunters, thus substantiating the suppositions by Pattee et al. (1990), Miller et al. (1998), and Hunt et al. (2005) that the majority of lead poisoning in condors came from hunting practices. However, condors may not be the only scavenging species at risk from ingesting offal and rifle shot carrion.
Montane Meadow Butterfly Species Distributions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Caruthers Jennet , Debinski Diane
Published: July 2020

The composition of butterfly communities is a good indicator of changing environmental conditions. Butterflies have tight associations with the plant community due to their dependence on plants throughout their life history. These associations make butterfly distributions predictable based on the plant communities. Butterfly abundance data have been collected annually since 1997 within montane meadow sites characterized along a hydrologic gradient within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. From this research, community composition may be predictable relative to future climatic changes and key habitat constraints. Identifying such variables is important for butterfly conservation.
Hybridization of Snake River Cutthroat in the Lower Gros Ventre River
Authors: Kovach Ryan , Eby Lisa
Published: July 2020

The cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is Wyoming's only native trout. The Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) is designated as a "species of special concern" by a number of agencies and conservation groups. Although the Yellowstone cutthroat trout has recently avoided federal listing because of robust headwater populations (USFWS 2006), they face continued threats across their range. The fine-spotted Snake River native trout is a morphologically divergent ecotype of the Yellowstone subspecies, although it is not genetically distinguishable (Allendorf and Leary 1988, Novak et al. 2005). The Gros Ventre, an important tributary of the Snake River located partially in Grand Teton National Park, historically supported robust populations of fineÂ­ spotted Snake River cutthroat trout. Principal threats to Gros Ventre native trout, especially in the lower end of the drainage within the park boundaries, include both water diversions (loss of water and fish into irrigation ditches) and presence of exotic species.
Predicting Disease Spread in Greater Yellowstone Ungulates Using Parasite DNA Markers
Authors: Luikart Gordon , Ezenwa Vanessa , Kardos Marty , White P. , Cross Paul
Published: July 2020

Infectious diseases are a serious threat to the viability of wildlife populations worldwide, including those in national parks and other protected areas where agricultural operations, development, and recreation are degrading and fragmenting habitat and increasing the potential for interactions between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. The spread of infectious diseases and parasites is of particular concern in the greater Yellowstone area, which supports world-renowned herds of ungulates that provide significant visitor enjoyment and benefits to local economies through guiding and sport hunting. The high diversity, density, and co-mingling rates of ungulates in this area could facilitate the rapid emergence and spread of infectious diseases such as brucellosis, chronic wasting disease, and Johne's disease, with escalating disease threats to livestock and people along the public/private land interface.
Exploring the Ecology of the Endemic Jackson Lake Spring Snail: Distributions and Interactions with the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail
Authors: Riley Leslie , Dybdahl Mark , O'Ney Susan
Published: July 2020

Endemic species make a unique contribution to global biodiversity by only existing in one or a few locations. Unfortunately, because of their limited range, endemic species are particularly susceptible to extinction from a range of disturbances, whether anthropogenic or natural. The introduction of non-native species can disrupt community interactions and accelerate extinctions for narrowly endemic species by competing with and/or preying upon native species. On a global scale, community interactions between invasive and native species have changed current patterns of biodiversity and will continue to influence the distribution of biodiversity well into the future.
Front Matter and Table of Contents
Authors: Harlow Harlow , Harlow Maryanne
Published: July 2020

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
Jenny Lake Lodge and Cabins, Determination of Eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places
Authors: Humstone Mary , Walker Hilery , Sikk Helis
Published: July 2020

During summer 2009, the University of Wyoming American Studies Program conducted an intensive historic building and landscape survey of the Jenny Lake Lodge in Grand Teton National Park (Figure 1). The oldest of Grand Teton Lodge Companyâs visitor accommodations, Jenny Lake Lodge has a long and varied history that spans the period from early 20th century dude ranching to contemporary automobile tourism, and that is closely entwined with the history of Grand Teton National Park itself.
When Love Comes Calling: Measuring Sexual Selection on Sagebrush Crickets
Authors: Ower Geoffrey , Smith Rebecca , Caron Kyle , Sakaluk Scott
Published: July 2020

Male sagebrush crickets exhibit differential mating success based on their previous mating experience: virgin males have a higher probability of obtaining a mating than do non-virgin males. Measures of lifetime mating success in male sagebrush crickets have revealed that the median mating frequency is one, with many males failing to secure a mate at all and a small minority obtaining two to four mates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acoustic and morphological characteristics that make male sagebrush crickets attractive to females. Male crickets were captured from Deadmanâs Bar in Grand Teton National Park and their songs were recorded on subsequent evenings. Five song characteristics were measured including pulse duration, interpulse duration, dominant frequency, train duration, and intertrain duration. Multivariate selection analysis revealed significant linear and nonlinear selection on male song, with each of the five measured song characters contributing to male attractiveness. There was significant directional selection favoring longer pulse durations and shorter interpulse durations, which could be an honest indicator of male quality because these song characters likely impose high energetic costs. Significant stabilizing selection favored males with ~ 13.2 kHz calls and intermediate intertrain durations, which may be imposed by the auditory sensitivity of females.
A Brief History of the Trails of Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Pritchard James
Published: July 2020

This project investigated the history of the backcountry trail system in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). In cooperation with GTNP Cultural Resources and the Western Center for Historic Preservation in GTNP, we located records describing the early development of the trail system. Only a few historical records describe or map the exact location of early trails, which prove useful when relocating trails today. The paper trail becomes quite rich, however, in revealing the story behind the practical development of Grand Teton National Park as it joined the National Park Service system.
Life in a Shrinking World: Thermal Physiology and Activity of Diurnal Alpine Mammals in Relation to Climate Change
Authors: Wilson James
Published: July 2020

The effects of increased global temperatures are being measured in many biological systems. Given the complexity of biological systems, their responses to a changing climate are difficult to predict. Physiologic processes are particularly susceptible to temperature, leading to a species specific optimal range of habitable temperatures. As global temperatures increase, species will be exposed to a changing range of potentially stressful temperatures, especially in species currently living at their thermal limits (e.g., alpine mammals). Warming temperatures may force alpine species to move to higher elevations to maintain thermoneutrality. Ultimately, if temperatures increase as predicted, alpine mammals may be unable to move higher and may face localized extinctions. I hypothesize that, many alpine mammals are currently living at the upper range of their thermoneutral zone and, in response to warming temperatures; alpine mammals will experience ambient temperatures above their upper critical temperature which will limit their activity period. I will measure the metabolic thermoneutral zone of small mammals in relation to temperature at four montane sites in the western U.S. We will focus on small diurnal mammals (chipmunks and pikas) as they are prolific and susceptible to high temperatures. The proposed study will not only provide sorely needed information on the basic thermal requirements of numerous alpine small mammals in the U.S., but that information can be used to generate physiologically relevant models to predict future changes in the altitudinal ranges of these species.
Seasonal Resource Selection, Recruitment, Diet Selection and Time Budgets of Bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) in the Teton Range, Northwest Wyoming.
Authors: Courtemanch Alyson , Kauffman Matthew
Published: July 2020

Many ungulate populations have lost access to their traditional migration routes and seasonal ranges, resulting in rapid and severe population declines. Some ungulate populations have been able to adapt to living year-round on one seasonal range and persist despite loss of migration. However, our understanding of how ungulates adapt their habitat selection and foraging strategies in order to compensate for migration loss is poor. This study investigates how a formerly migratory, now sedentary and isolated, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population persists year-round on high-elevation summer range in the Teton Range in northwest Wyoming. We captured and GPS-collared 20 bighorn ewes throughout the Teton Range in February 2008 and an additional 8 ewes in March 2009. In 2008, ninety percent of captured ewes were pregnant, and 100% were pregnant in 2009. During summers 2008 and 2009, we located and observed GPS-collared ewes, determined lamb survival, collected fecal samples for diet composition analysis, conducted vegetation surveys, and observed time-budgets. We found that 50% of lambs survived until at least mid-summer in 2008 and 60% survived in 2009. We observed differences in movement patterns between GPS-collared ewes during the summer seasons, ranging from 5 km to a maximum of 15 km. At this time, eight GPS-collared ewes have died (4 in avalanches, 1 from predation, and 3 unknown). This study is ongoing and will be completed in 2011. Results will directly contribute to management of this non-migratory and isolated bighorn sheep population, and will shed light on how a formerly migratory ungulate population has been able to persist on high-elevation range year-round
How Does Nutrient Availability Affect the Population Dynamics of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum)?
Authors: Tibbets Teresa
Published: July 2020

A primary goal of invasion biology is to predict which introduced species become invasive and which systems are susceptible to invasion. Therefore it is vital to understand how invasive species sustain positive population growth rates in their introduced range and what environmental factors control population growth. The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) (Figure 1.) has spread throughout Europe, Australia, and North America, and has reached pest densities in many streams in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) since their introduction in the 1980âs. High rates of growth and secondary production have been documented for mud snails in its introduced range in the GYA, as have evidence of negative interactions between mud snails and native macroinvertebrates and higher trophic levels. However, little is known about how the availability of nutrients affects the invasion success of mud snails.
Identification of Interflow Pathways and Potential Wetland Sites in the Kelly Hayfields
Authors: Marlow Clayton , McCloskey Kelly
Published: July 2020

The primary goals of this collaborative effort are: 1) to inventory the Kelly Hayfields for the location of stream channels and wetland areas that existed prior to homesteading and 2) evaluate the utility of wetland criteria developed on the Elk Ranch Hayfields for identification of historic wetland areas in the Antelope Flats area. Successful identification of pre-existing stream and wetland locations will enhance National Park Service restoration efforts of the Kelly Hayfields and other abandoned agricultural lands within Grand Teton National Park.
University of Wyoming Outdoor Studio Art Class
Authors: Kikut Patrick , Klages Ricki
Published: July 2020

Since its inception as a Summer Innovative Course in 2000, the Department of Art summer Outdoor Studio class has been exceptionally grateful for the opportunity to stay at the AMK Research Station as part of the three week summer intensive. For art students, the dramatic setting and accommodation are inspiring and it is a highlight of the experience. Art students also appreciate the interaction with students from different disciplines in the sciences and often those conversations have direct impact on the creative work studentâs produce during their stay. The AMK staff and in particular Professor Hank Harlow have offered us incredible hospitality and generosity. Our stay at the AMK always culminates in an exhibition of student and faculty creative work, hosted by Hank Harlow, UW NPS Research Station Director.
The Influence of Forest Management on Future Forest Structure Following a Moutain Pine Beetle Outbreak in Lodgepole Pine Stands in Northwestern Wyoming
Authors: Tinker Dan
Published: July 2020

Forest managers in the western U.S. are currently confronted with a bark beetle epidemic that is unprecedented in extent, severity, and duration. Several species of native bark beetle including the mountain pine beetle (MPB), spruce beetle, western balsam bark beetle, and Douglas-fir beetle are simultaneously affecting over 5 million ha of forest in the Intermountain West (Logan et al. 2003, Hicke et al. 2006). Estimates of the total area affected by the current bark beetle outbreak are updated annually, typically using aerial surveillance and manual mapping techniques. However, these estimates are often inaccurate and do not provide quantitative information on stand-level beetle activity and/or tree mortality. More importantly, these annual estimates of âspreadâ of the epidemic do not provide any information on the abundance of the surviving understory trees, which may be substantial, nor do they provide information on post-disturbance tree seedling establishment. This âadvance forest regenerationâ represents the future forests in these regions. Therefore, understanding the current structure of the forests is critical for making predictions about future structure and function.
Investigation of Postglacial Sediment Storage and Transport in Garnet Canyon, Teton Range, Wyoming
Authors: Tranel Lisa , Ritchie Amber , Strow Meredith
Published: July 2020

The Teton Mountains are shaped by interactions between glacial, fluvial and mass wasting processes. In this study we investigate the influence of process interactions on quantitative estimates of erosion rates based on sediment transport and accumulation. Sediment characteristics were measured on talus fan and stream channel deposits. These observations were used to evaluate weathering and rounding, which can indicate transport history and mixing between the two deposits and processes. Talus fans were studied to quantify the stability of fan surfaces and determine the frequency of material transport. Streams were studied to determine the efficiency of meltwater flow to move sand and coarser materials deposited on talus surfaces. Similarities between sediments in the fluvial and talus deposits support strong coupling between these processes. Streams are capable of moving smaller sized talus materials, however active rockfalls continue to supply new sediment and limit stream incision. The source of recent rockfalls appears to be ridges at high elevations or along north facing walls indicated by the frequency of surface weathering and lichen cover on selected talus fans.
Geology of the Yellowstone-Teton Region
Authors: Smaglik Suki , Murakami Lance
Published: July 2020

GEOL 1240 Geology of the Yellowstone-Teton Region is offered as a 1 credit, 3-day trip each September, through Central Wyoming College (CWC). Each year the itinerary varies and students may earn 2 credits toward graduation by repeating the course. CWC Student Activities covered the cost of transportation for this yearâs trip. Students participating on these trips do not need to be geosciences majors, although this year six of the seven involved have a strong interest in a geoscience-related career.
Special Topics in Ecology: Ecology of Greater Yellowstone
Authors: Stancampiano Tony , Choate Roger
Published: July 2020

Special Topics in Ecology: Ecology of Greater Yellowstone is a sophomore level college course emphasizing basic ecological principles with specific application to the ecosystems found in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. This course is offered during spring intersession using a hybrid format. The field portion of the course took place from May 20-29, 2011.
How Conifer Diversity and Availability Influence the Abundance and Biology of the Red Crossbill
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Schultz Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

In order to understand the distributions and abundances of animals, many environmental factors must be considered, particularly the availability of food resources. Food resources are especially important to nomadic species survival that moves in response to their spatial and temporal availability. An example of such nomadic species is the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), which specializes on conifer seeds, a resource that significantly varies both temporally and geographically. Thus, crossbills will move large distances each year to find areas with abundant conifer seeds. While conifer seed impact the distribution, abundance, and reproductive rate of crossbills, it is likely not the only factor driving these patterns. To truly understand what drives the distribution and abundance of crossbills across North America, further study is needed not only on how external environmental factors of food abundance affect these patterns, but how tradeoffs among internal physiological processes such as reproduction and immune function may affect when crossbills migrate or whether or not reproduction occurs. Historically, research to understand how organisms orchestrate their annual cycles with respect to these costly and conflicting physiological processes has focused narrowly on seasonal breeders that constrain reproduction to times of year when thermoregulatory demand is low (i.e., summer), which provide limited opportunities to reveal how physiological costs of different processes may interact with environmental conditions to influence the evolution of investment strategies. In this study, we are examining how the diversity, abundance, and size of cone crop of conifers influence both 1) the quantity and diversity of red crossbills, as well as 2) their seasonal modulation in investment patterns in reproduction and self-maintenance processes such as immune function in Grand Teton National Park, where crossbills can be found breeding in both summer and winter. Preliminary results from this study have indicated that both conifer diversity and cone crop size affect overall quantity and vocal type diversity of crossbills in Grand Teton National Park, as well as affecting their investment in reproduction and immunity. Overall, results from this study will provide information on how species in general and crossbills specifically, respond to rapidly changing environments, which has become increasingly important in light of the effects of anthropogenic change.
Fences, Conservation, and Tourism: a History of the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park
Authors: Weeks Michael
Published: July 2020

On a pleasant July day in 1948, a small crowd congregated in rows upon rustic logs on the edge of a broad meadow in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Beyond the meadow to the west, they spied glimpses of the Snake River through aspen, fir, and pine trees. On the horizon, Mt. Moran loomed, framed by a vast expanse of azure sky. The crowdâs eyes however were not fixed upon the distant view, but on the small makeshift podium placed at the foot of the benches, and on the seven dignitaries who were scheduled to speak that day (Figure 1). They had come to dedicate the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park (JHWP). Conceived in 1945, the Park would provide controlled habitat for a host of primarily big game animals from the region, affording tourists the opportunity for education and close-up viewing of native mammals.
The Interactions of Climate and Biotic Factors on Life History Characteristics and Vital Rates of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Spread Creek, WY
Authors: Al-Chokhachy Robert , Kershner Jeffrey , Uthe Patrick
Published: July 2020

Habitat degradation and introduction of non-native salmonids have caused substantial declines in abundance and distribution of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Additionally, global climate change is expected to exacerbate current threats through changes to thermal regimes, hydrology, stream productivity, and distributions of non-native species. Understanding how factors such as climate and local stressors (e.g., non-native species) interact to affect Yellowstone cutthroat trout is critical for developing management strategies to enhance future persistence. However, research investigating relationships among these factors and life history characteristics and vital rates of Yellowstone cutthroat trout is lacking. To address this need, we examined the influences of temperature, streamflow, food availability, and presence of brook trout on life history characteristics of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in Spread Creek, Wyoming. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and a combination of stationary and mobile PIT tag antennae within a capture-recapture framework to monitor growth, movement, and survival of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and brook trout throughout the Spread Creek drainage. Considerable differences existed in frequencies of movements between species and among tributaries. Significant differences existed among growth rates of trout in three tributary streams. Preliminary results suggest the observed differences were driven by the complex interactions of streamflows, fish densities, and prey abundances, rather than stream temperatures. We discuss our results in the context of maintaining diversity of life-history patterns within watersheds as a means to increase metapopulation resiliency. Our findings provide critical information needed to refine climate risk assessments and to better direct limited resources to ensure the long term persistence of the subspecies.
National Park Service Operational Leader AMK Ranch (UW-NPS Research Center)
Authors: Jean Cathie
Published: July 2020

On May 30 and 31, 2012, a group of 18 National Park Service employees convened at AMK Ranch to learn the principles of Operation Leadership. Operational Leadership, at its core, is a systematic process that assists individuals in making informed decisions to reduce and manage risk in the workplace. Operational leadership is about each employee becoming a leader within his or her own job, taking responsibility for his or her own safety and the safety of coworkers, and learning to work effectively in a team environment. It pertains to every job skill and empowers employees to be assertive about their safety and the safety of their team.
Laramie County Community College Geology of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks GEOL 1035-60
Authors: Kilty Trina , Morrell Trent
Published: July 2020

A study of Yellowstoneâs and the Grand Tetonâs earth materials and processes including rocks, minerals, streams, glacial history, geologic structures, earthquakes, and plate tectonics. Students acquire scientific knowledge about the formation of Yellowstoneâs landscape, geothermal features, soils, and geologic hazards. Students will record observations and take notes in a field book that will be assessed as part of their grade.
Developing Non-destructive Methods to Determine Natal Origins of Snake River Cutthroat Trout in the Jackson Lake Watershed
Authors: Carleton Scott
Published: July 2020

Across their native ranges, cutthroat trout populations are imperiled due to habitat loss, habitat alteration, and introduction of non-native species (Liknes and Graham 1988, Behnke 1992, Hitt et al. 2003). These changes have not gone undetected and a great deal of time and money have been invested in conservation and restoration of cutthroat trout populations (Kershner 1995, USDA 1996, Young and Harig 2002, Baker et al. 2008). The success of these projects is tightly linked to the ability of resource managers to prioritize management efforts. Specifically, where should the investments of time and money br focused to yield the greatest impact on conservation and restoration. This study proposes to use a relatively new, proven analytical tool, stable isotope analysis, to identify differences in the stable isotope signatures of tributary streams entering Jackson Lake. These differences are translated into the tissues, specifically otolith bones, of cutthroat trout that use these tributaries during early life stages or upon return for spawning (Kennedy et al. 2002, Muhlfeld et al. 2005, Coghlan et al. 2007, Barnett-Johnson et al. 2008, Walther et al. 2008, Ziegler and Whitledge 2010). The ability to link adult trout back to their natal origins and identify where these adults are returning to spawn will provide the data resource managers need to prioritize conservation and restoration efforts in the upper Snake River watershed, with special emphasis on tributary streams entering Jackson Lake.
Simulating Expected Changes in Pollinator Resources as a Function of Climate Change
Authors: Debinski Diane , Szcodronski Kim , Germino Mathew
Published: July 2020

Ecological effects of climate change can include advancement of spring events, shifts in species distribution patterns, and phenological changes. Studying these responses under field conditions can require decades of research. In 2010, we established an experimental field study designed to mimic the effects of predicted climate change using snow removal and passive heating in montane meadows. Here, we use this same experimental set-up to examine nectar production relative to pollinator emergence in two important nectar sources: Arrowleaf Balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagitatta) and Wild Buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum). Preliminary results indicate that there was lower nectar volume for Balsamorhiza sagitatta in the heating compared to either the control or snow removal. The heating + snow removal was also lower in nectar volume than snow removal only. Preliminary results for Eriogonum umbellatum showed a lower sugar content in the control as compared to the heating + snow removal.
Spatio-Temporal Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics in Natural Butterfly Populations (2015 Field Season)
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren
Published: July 2020

The study of evolution in natural populations has advanced our understanding of the origin and maintenance of biological diversity. For example, long term studies of wild populations indicate that natural selection can cause rapid and dramatic changes in traits, but that in some cases these evolutionary changes are quickly reversed when periodic variation in weather patterns or the biotic environment cause the optimal trait value to change (e.g., Reznick et al. 1997, Grant and Grant 2002). In fact, spatial and temporal variation in the strength and nature of natural selection could explain the high levels of genetic variation found in many natural populations (Gillespie 1994, Siepielski et al. 2009). Long term studies of evolution in the wild could also be informative for biodiversity conservation and resource management, because, for example, data on short term evolutionary responses to annual fluctuations in temperature or rainfall could be used to predict longer term evolution in response to directional climate change. Most previous research on evolution in the wild has considered one or a few observable traits or genes (e.g., Kapan 2001, Grant and Grant 2002, Barrett et al. 2008). We believe that more general conclusions regarding the rate and causes of evolutionary change in the wild and selectionâs contribution to the maintenance of genetic variation could be obtained by studying genome-wide molecular evolution in a suite of natural populations. Thus, in 2012 we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in a series of natural butterfly populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). This study will allow us to quantify the contribution of environment-dependent natural selection to evolution in these butterfly populations and determine whether selection consistently favors the same alleles across space and through time.
Glacier Monitoring Internship Report: Grand Teton National Park, 2015
Authors: Baker Emily
Published: July 2020

The small glaciers of Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) are iconic landmarks, enhancing the experience of millions of visitors to the park each year. They are valuable far beyond their beauty, and play a critical role in the parkâs unique high-elevation ecosystems.
Jackson Energy Security Workshop: August 6-7, 2015
Authors: Garrison Jean
Published: July 2020

The UW Center for Global Studies hosted a two-day workshop focusing on energy security involving interdisciplinary faculty from UW, faculty from the Free University of Berlin, and participants from the non-profit and business sectors. This two day event included presentation of six papers (see agenda below) in three panel sessions addressing a variety of issues including traditional and new approaches to energy security, governance and management issues, and community development and agency. A final roundtable session focused on engaging industry, practitioners, and activists in emerging solutions. The workshop was funded by the School of Energy Resources, the Center for Global Studies, and through a European Union grant through the Colorado European Union Center for Excellence at CU-Boulder. This report proceeds in three parts: 1) rationale and agenda, 2) participant list with bios, 3) a discussion of outcomes to date of the workshop.
Selling Virginia: Promoting English Emigration in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Dowdy Beverly A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract: It is estimated that in the seventeenth century roughly 150,000 English emigrated to the Chesapeake Bay of North America to own and labor on plantations. They suffered extremely high mortality rates. Yet a large amount of promotion literature in a diversity of formats was published by the Virginia Company, the Crown, and other vested interests to encourage, persuade, and entice English men and women to emigrate. This article reviews the historical context of recruitment and within that context, analyzes some of the promotion literature of the day. It summarizes the difficulties faced by colonists in Virginia, particularly early Jamestown, and notes the effect of Virginia's dismal reputation in England which the propaganda continually defied.
#sorrynotsorry: A Teaching Module on Advertising Errors in the Digital Age
Authors: Pearl Sharrona
Published: July 2020

Abstract: In this essay, I outline strategies for a teaching module on corporate advertising errors, with a focus on the relationship between social media reactions, corporate apologies, and subsequent responses and long-term effects. I demonstrate how we read five key problematic advertising texts from Abercrombie & Fitch, Pepsi, H&M, Bud Light, Heineken, and Dove in consonance with one another. We then divide up into groups to track the life cycle of the corporate reaction-apology-response scenario in which there is a widespread negative reaction to an ad; the company apologizes and outlines possible steps for change; there is a social media evaluation of the apology; and, in some cases, key individuals involved in the text engage in the discussion. Students are empowered to develop expertise around one case and teach their colleagues, leading to a rich group discussion thinking about these ads together. In the final part of the essay, I briefly discuss a second class session in which we categorize the kinds of transgressions these advertisements embody, from racism to misogyny to anti-Semitism. We use these typologies to gain insight into the relationship between the kinds of errors showcased in ads and the nature of the response to them, thinking both within and across categories.
American Academy of Advertisers: Teaching about Social Issues in Advertising
Authors: Champlin Sara , Elias Troy , Kreshel Peggy J. , Li Minjie , Thomas Kevin D. , Timke Edward
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Conference Spotlight articles are an occasional feature in Advertising & Society Quarterly that highlight a conference or meeting related to advertising's place in society, culture, history, and the economy. This specific article provides an overview of a special topics session on teaching about social issues in advertising for the American Academy of Advertising's 2020 Annual Conference. During this conference session and in this summary article, each of the session's participants share approaches, experiences, and best practices on teaching about various social issues in which they specialize: socioeconomic status; ethnicity, race, and climate change; LGBTQ+ issues in advertising; women in the advertising workplace; race and racism; and ability and ableism.
4000-enhancement of difference frequency generation in a mode-matching metamaterial
Authors: Soun Léna , Héron Sébastien , El Ouazzani Hasnaa , Fix Baptiste , Haïdar Riad , Bouchon Patrick
Published: July 2020

In the wake of the control of light at the sub-wavelength scale by nanoresonators, metasurfaces allowing strong field exaltations are an attractive platform to enhance nonlinear processes. Recently, high efficiency second harmonic and difference frequency generations were demonstrated in metasurfaces that generate a nonlinear polarization normal to the surface. Here, we introduce a mode matched resonator that is able to produce this particular nonlinear polarization in a layer of gallium arsenide associated with a gold metasurface. The nonlinear conversion mechanism is described as a two-step process in which efficiency is shown to yield a good colocalization and a strong enhancement of the pump fields, as well as a high extraction efficiency of the generated field. This mode-matched metasurface is able to reach a difference frequency generation (DFG) efficiency of 10−2W/W2. This opens a new paradigm where alternative nonlinear materials could be reintroduced in metasurfaces and yields even higher efficiency than high effective χ(2) structures.
Ultrathin multi-band coherent perfect absorber in graphene with high-contrast gratings
Authors: Meng Haiyu , Lin Qi , Xue Xiongxiong , Lian Jichun , Liu Guidong , Xu Wei , Zhai Xiang , Liu Ziran , Chen Jianghua , Li Hongjian , Shang Xiongjun , Wang Lingling
Published: July 2020

High-contrast gratings (HCGs) can be designed as a resonator with high-quality factor and surface-normal emission, which are excellent characters for designing optical devices. In this work, we combine HCGs with plasmonic graphene structure to achieve an ultrathin five-band coherent perfect absorber (CPA). The presented CPA can achieve multi- and narrow-band absorption with high intensity under a relatively large incident angle. The good agreement between theoretical analysis and numerical simulated results demonstrates that our proposed HCGs-based structure is feasible to realize CPA. Besides, by dynamically adjusting the Fermi energy of graphene, we realize the active tunability of resonance frequency and absorption intensity simultaneously. Benefitting from the combination of HCGs and the one-atom thickness of graphene, the proposed device possesses an extremely thin feature. Our work proposes a novel method to manipulate coherent perfect absorption and is helpful to design tunable multi-band and ultrathin absorbers.
Goos-Hänchen shifts for Airy beams impinging on graphene-substrate surfaces
Authors: Zhen Weiming , Deng Dongmei
Published: July 2020

The spatial (ΔGH) and the angular (ΘGH) Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts for an Airy beam impinging upon a weakly absorbing medium coated with the monolayer graphene are theoretically investigated. The influence of the GH shift on the incident angle, the incident wavelength, the Fermi energy, and the decay factors of Airy beams is discussed. A significant magnification of ΔGH, which reaches its maximum of about three orders of wavelengths, is predicted. Our findings may provide a feasible tool to obtain a huge ΔGH in experiments.
History of Laser Scanning, Part 2: The Later Phase of Industrial and Heritage Applications
Authors: Spring Adam P.
Published: July 2020

The second part of this article examines the transition of midrange terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)–from applied research to applied markets. It looks at the crossover of technologies; their connection to broader developments in computing and microelectronics;
and changes made based on application. The shift from initial uses in on-board guid- ance systems and terrain mapping to tripod-based survey for as-built documentation is a main focus. Origins of terms like digital twin are identified and, for the first time, the earliest examples of cultural
heritage (CH) based midrange TLS scans are shown and explained. Part two of this history of laser scanning is a comprehensive analysis upto the year 2020.
Inculcating Employability Skill Sets in Undergraduates Through Employability Embedded Courses: Students Experience Anatomisation
Authors: Yawson David Eshun , Yamoah Fred Amofa , Sarpong Frederick Owusu , Abban-Ampiah Grace
Published: July 2020

Embedding employability skill sets into management education is important yet the experience student stakeholder gains on employability embedded courses remains unclear. We examine undergraduate student experience of the learning outcomes of work-related employability course. The survey results suggest mode of delivery and problems encountered with the course content are factors that sum up their total experiences. The results also indicate a triad consisting of difficulty of the course content, student’s work experience and satisfaction with the course content are strongly associated in determining students’ experiences. We discuss the implications of these findings for employability embedded curriculum development theory and practice.
Is the existence of God reasonable?
Authors: Martino Eva
Published: July 2020

In this article the question of whether the existence of God is reasonable will be addressed. The start point will be the debate between Dr. Craig and Dr. Rosenberg that took place in 2013 around the question “Is faith in God reasonable?” This debate has been chosen for being representative of general theist and atheist positions. The former usually believe in God first, and then try to formulate arguments that can help them transmit their faith to others, whereas atheists usually find arguments first that they consider illogical or incoherent related to the existence of God, and in a second moment they come to reject faith. It will be analyzed following the pragma-dialectical approach defined by Van Eemeren and Grootendorst, that considers argumentation as a speech act that aims to solve a difference in opinion. This analysis will show the main obstacles that prevented the speakers to arrive to an understanding, mainly a different vision of God and the goal that they were seeking.
Lived Experiences of Multi-Banked Bank Account Holders with a focus on Banks at Manda Hill Mall Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Kanyamuna Vincent
Published: July 2020

Multi-banking among bank account holders is a trend that has been on the rise in the recent past. Even though most banks provide similar services, like money transfer, deposits, loans, safety vault keeping, insurance and other services, it is seen that consumers have preference to certain specific banks. The purpose of this study was to assess the lived experiences of multi-banked bank account holders at Manda Hill Mall Lusaka, Zambia. Data was generated from seven purposively sampled multi-banked account holders using; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, informal discussions and observations. Factors that emerged contributing to multi-banking among account holders were fraternity, proximity, customer service, security and brand loyalty. The study concluded that most of the factors that influence multi-banking involve the attitude of the account holders, fraternity inclinations, security constraints and poor customer services. Thus, it is recommend that account holders and would be account holders should be accorded chance to be well informed and make independent decisions as to which bank to bank with. In addition, Banks need to improve their service provision and strengthen relationships with their customers. Further, there is need for the banks to keep moving with time and improving their brand to appealing international standards. Above all, there is need to enhance security to the satisfaction of the clients.
Using the Health Belief Model to identify communication needs in the male circumcision campaigns to prevent HIV/AIDS in Siaya County of Kenya
Authors: Otteng Osir , Wenje Peres , Kiptoo Michael , Anyonje Lydia , Mwangi Moses
Published: July 2020

Behaviour change communication experts consider individual beliefs vital to identifying communication needs in healthcare programmes. This study examined the use of four constructs of the health belief model, viz. the belief that a person is vulnerable to a disease, and that the disease is severe; and the belief that an intervention against the disease has benefits and that there are barriers to adopting that intervention, as the basis for developing communication strategies in the implementation of the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programme for prevention of HIV/AIDS in Siaya county of Kenya. A structured questionnaire was administered on 350 male residents of the county aged between 18 and 50 years selected using the snowball sampling techniques. Qualitative data were collected through two focus groups discussions involving five men and five women residents. The study found that  the residents of Siaya, particularly those living along the shores of Lake Victoria, believe that, because of their occupation and lifestyle, they are susceptible to HIV, the same way they perceive the disease as severe. The best known benefit of VMMC among the residents is its ability to reduce a man’s chances of contracting HIV. Other benefits, such as prevention of sex-related diseases among women are largely obscure. There are specific barriers to VMMC such as apprehension over pain and disruption of economic engagements. The study concurs that the health belief model is crucial for the development of audience-focused health communication and recommends its use in VMMC programme to produce targeted messages for different audience segments.