bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating bedload in a poorly-gauged mountain river: Coto river (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Iberian Peninsula) 
Authors: Vázquez-Tarrío Daniel , Menéndez-Duarte Rosana , Martínez Álvarez Raquel
Published: June 2022

Plenty of sediment-transport equations and models have been proposed for the estimation of bedload volumes and rates in mountain streams. Some of the more ‘modern’ equations incorporate explicit considerations of complex phenomena (e.g., hiding/exposure effects, armour breakup) and provide reliable bedload computations based on section-averaged hydraulic parameters. However, due to the strong non-linearity of sediment transport, bedload equations are highly sensitive to the input parameters. Then, some doubts appear when facing poorly gauged river reaches, which is a common situation in many mountain rivers, i.e., gauging data are usually scarce and incomplete for mountain streams, as well as the availability of robust rating curves is rare.

In this work, we evaluated the uncertainties inherent to the application of bedload equations in the case of poorly gauged mountain streams, and we test a workflow to follow in such situations. This workflow involves three steps: (i) first, using the available gauging records from neighbouring basins to reconstruct the flow duration curve of the ungauged stream; (ii) then, using a flow-resistance equation to solve the hydraulic geometry relations; and finally, (iii) computing bedload volumes based on a sediment transport equation. This workflow was tested with a database of 33 Idaho (USA) mountain streams, and we documented that it could potentially approximate annual bedload volumes in an ungauged situation.

Then, we posed the following question: could this observation be extrapolated to 'similar' mountain streams located in other regions? To approach this question, we selected the Coto river, a gravel-bed stream located on the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). Bedload data derived from particle tracking (tagged stones) were available for this river, so it was possible to compare the field measurements with the outputs obtained from bedload equations. First, we based on available data for 27 gauging stations located across the Cantabrian mountains to reconstruct the flow duration curve of the Coto river. Then, we measured Coto river’s cross-section, bed slope and grain-size in order to apply a flow resistance equation and to solve the hydraulic geometry relations. Finally, we applied a bedload equation, and we estimated an annually averaged bedload volume of 900 m3/year. The estimated bedload volumes are coherent and in good agreement with those derived from tracer observations.
The paleoenvironment of Mahasthangarh (Bangladesh) during the Pre-Modern Period.
Authors: Chabot Yohan , Lefevre Vincent , Lefrancq Coline
Published: June 2022

If the Geological Survey of Bangladesh has been very active for more than 40 years, the principal missions of the organization are linked to the management of mineral resources and other climatic problems like the rising of sea level, scarcity of drinking water, etc. There exist few research projects on the paleoenvironment connecting archaeologists and geomorphologists even if the trend is changing. For Mahasthangarh, the archaeological mission did not explore this matter much since the pioneering work conducted by Christine Jacqueminet and Jean-Paul Bravard in the 1990’s.

Since February 2022, the Mahasthangarh mission includes a paleoenvironment component. This new project was motivated by a specific archaeological an environmental context. Mahasthangarh is an important ancient fortified city founded around the 4th centuries BC. The site was the capital of Pundravardhana province, in Northern Bengal, before being gradually abandoned from the 14th century AD on. Mahasthangarh is located on the eastern margin of the Barind Tract, a Pleistocene elevated alluvial terrace, along the Karatoya River. Today, the Karatoya is a small river but in the ancient times it was a major river (up to three times wider than the Ganges in the 12th century AD). According to written sources and ancient maps, the Karatoya River seems to have undergone many changes over the past 2000 years and especially over the last two centuries. As well as, some parts of the site seem to have been damaged by floods according to archaeological findings. However, this active dynamic has never been recorded by sedimentary studies and the available data are incomplete and lack clarification.

This presentation will share an update on the available data and an overview on the new objectives of the research, the methodology (based on a geomorphological approach) and the preliminary results of the first campaign (based on 15 boreholes, 6 stratigraphic sections and 253 samples) in order to reconstruct the environmental history of Mahasthangarh during the different chronological periods of the site occupation.

 
Types and scales of changes in connectivity in dryland fluvial systems 
Authors: Hooke Janet
Published: June 2022

Connectivity within fluvial systems can change over time at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and can be due to differing agencies and drivers.  Here, the range and scale of alterations in dryland systems, where flow is ephemeral, are analysed, using evidence of field sites and catchments documented over several decades.

Three main types of agency or drivers are examined:  anthropogenic alterations, which may be deliberate or inadvertent; alteration from vegetation changes; effects of extreme flows.  The modifications of connectivity vary from gradual and progressive to very sudden. The persistence of the alteration also varies. Examples of each type of change are provided and the spatial scale of modification assessed. The morphodynamics and feedbacks into the operation of the systems are discussed.  Changes that are exemplified include effects of structures such as check dams on differing timescales, and the modifications produced by growth and destruction of vegetation. The connectivity of varying flows in these ephemeral changes is related to event characteristics and channel state.  The extent of human impact and their repercussions in these systems are discussed.  The various modifications of connectivity present challenges to modelling and prediction of impacts at varying spatial and temporal scales. The implications for sustainable management and functioning of the systems are considered.
Vegetation dynamics and interactions with flows in dryland channels
Authors: Hooke Janet
Published: June 2022

Presence of vegetation in channels has major effects on hydraulics and on erosion and deposition dynamics, especially in ephemerally-flowing channels in drylands where plants may grow on the channel bed as well as on the banks.  The plants can alter the flow velocities and patterns of flow, including the location of erosion and deposition. The plants themselves provide resistance through both aerial parts and roots and they interact with the flows to increase sedimentation.  Levels and frequencies of flow vary markedly in dryland channels and plant species commonly demonstrate distinct zonation related to these flow dynamics, channel bed elevation and substrate.  Channel flow and availability of water may encourage growth, but large flood events may damage or destroy vegetation by various mechanisms, including removal and burial.  Quantitative data are needed on the conditions for growth, the effects of differing flows on a range of species and the thresholds for destruction. In addition, rates of regrowth after damaging floods are required to provide the basis for modelling and the timescales of recovery. Evidence and measurements from a series of sites and monitored plots on channels in SE Spain over a period of 25years are analysed to quantify these dynamics and interactions. The implications for the functioning and management of such channels are discussed.
The degree of complexity in sediment cascades in relation to bedrock features in small mountain catchments - The case of the Buscagna catchment (Lepontine Alps)
Authors: Bollati Irene Maria , Cavalli Marco , Masseroli Anna , Viani Cristina , Pelfini Manuela
Published: June 2022

The multiscalarity of mountain systems is mainly related to their complex structural settings that lead to the geological and geomorphological units fragmentation. This may have strong implications for the geomorphological evolution of the hydrographic basins, and the related sediment cascades. In the framework of this research, we characterized a small mountain catchment in the Lepontine Alps (North-Western Italy) through different techniques: geomorphological mapping, sediment connectivity assessment, and geomorphodiversity indexing. All these techniques allowed to obtain thematic maps to depict the influence of bedrock features on geomorphological evolution. The selected mountain catchment is drained by the Buscagna stream, which runs along the valley bottom separating two deeply different slopes. The northern slope (on the left hydrographic side) is constituted by very resistant gneissic rocks, while along the southern slope (on the right hydrographic side) soluble and fractured rocks (i.e., calcschist and marble) outcrop. The diversification of geomorphological processes is very evident and mirrored in the Geomorphodiversity and Fragmentation Index Maps. These properties of the relief proved to influence sediment connectivity patterns on the two slopes, as it emerges from the Index of Connectivity Map. The database of the geomorphological map realized at 1:10000 scale is set to include attribute fields for labelling each unit as source or sink elements, in order to create also a thematic map. The aim is to evaluate the degree of connectivity comparing morphometric indexing with geomorphological mapping and the other thematic map realized for the watershed, enhancing the role of bedrock in influencing structural and functional connectivity in a small mountain catchment.
Varying rate adaptive hybrid position–impedance control for robot-assisted ultrasonic examination system
Authors: Xie Zhanxin , Yan Zheng
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Robot ultrasound has great potential for reducing the workload of a sonographer, improving the access to nursing care, producing more accurate imaging, and avoiding direct contact with patients. However, in the process of ultrasonic scanning, the traditional manual control scheme of the ultrasonic machine cannot simultaneously consider the problems of instantaneous contact force overshoot and steady-state force-tracking error, which is very important to improve image quality and ensure patient safety. In this paper, we proposed a varying rate adaptive hybrid position–impedance control strategy, which is used for the ultrasonic robot operator to scan the abdomen transversely. In order to ensure the stability of ultrasonic robot in the position subspace with parameter uncertainty and external interference, an adaptive inverse position controller is designed. In the scanning process of force subspace, a variable adaptive impedance control scheme is carefully designed to avoid force overshoot and keep the accuracy of the force tracking. Different from the classical impedance realization, the dynamic update rate is to update the impedance characteristics through force sensor feedback, reduce overshoot, and keep the stability and accuracy of the robot system during the task. Through the comparative study of different adaptive control schemes, the effectiveness of the proposed variable rate adaptive impedance control strategy was discussed. The proposed control scheme was verified in the virtual robot experimental environment, V-rep. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed variable rate adaptive position impedance hybrid control scheme is more promising and efficient in robot-assisted ultrasound imaging.
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling
Authors: Outten Stephen , Li Camille , King Martin P. , Suo Lingling , Siew Peter Y. F. , Davy Richard , Dunn-Sigouin Etienne , He Shenping , Cheung Hoffmann , Madonna Erica , Furevik Tore , Sobolowski Stefan , Spengler Thomas , Woollings Tim
Published: June 2022

Abstract. It is now well established that the Arctic is warming at a faster rate than the global average. This warming, which has been accompanied by a dramatic decline in sea ice, has been linked to cooling over the Eurasian subcontinent over recent decades, most dramatically during the period 1998–2012. This is a counterintuitive impact under global warming given that land regions should warm more than ocean (and the global average). Some studies have proposed a causal teleconnection from Arctic sea ice retreat to Eurasian wintertime cooling; other studies argue that Eurasian cooling is mainly driven by internal variability and the relationship to sea ice is coincidental. Overall, there is an impression of strong disagreement between those holding the “ice-driven” versus “internal variability” viewpoints. Here, we offer an alternative framing showing that the sea ice and internal variability views can be compatible. Key to this is viewing Eurasian cooling through the lens of dynamics (linked primarily to internal variability with a small contribution from sea ice; cools Eurasia) and thermodynamics (linked to sea ice retreat; warms Eurasia). This approach, combined with recognition that there is uncertainty in the hypothesized mechanisms themselves, allow both viewpoints (and others) to co-exist and contribute to our understanding of Eurasian cooling. A simple autoregressive model shows that Eurasian cooling of this magnitude is consistent with internal variability, with some periods being more susceptible to strong cooling than others. Rather than posit a “yes-or-no” causal relationship between sea ice and Eurasian cooling, a more constructive way forward is to consider whether the cooling trend was more likely given the observed sea ice loss, as well as other sources of low-frequency variability. Taken in this way both sea ice and internal variability are factors that affect the likelihood of strong regional cooling in the presence of ongoing global warming.
Geolocation untuk Lahan Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Android
Authors: Astuti Indah Fitri , Ahmad Faqih Nur , Cahyadi Dedy , Rosmasari  , Kridalaksana Awang Harsa , Andrea Reza
Published: June 2022

Kelapa sawit adalah salah satu spesies dengan jenis monokotil dan berakar serabut. Flora ini masuk ke Famili Arecaceae dan ordo Arecales. Perkebunan kelapa sawit termasuk tanaman yang dikelola oleh perusahaan-perusahaan komersial. Luas lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk tiap usaha saqit biasanya sangat besar, agar mampu menghasilkan produk yang menguntungkan pemilik dan karyawannya. Secara umum, produk kelapa sawit menjangkau banyak jenis, dari penghasil minyak sayur, minyak untuk dunia industri atau bahan bakar. Lahan tersebut biasanya memiliki banyak cabang sehingga banyak menyesatkan. Lokasi kebun yang diteliti berada di desa Bukit Pertama Kabupaten Kutai Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu orang yang berkepentingan namun tidak terlalu mengenal daerah tersebut dengan baik, juga untuk mengetahui luas lahan dan jumlah pokok sawit. Sistem menampilkan beberapa lahan yang saat ini terjangkau oleh sinyal internet, sehingga daerah yang lokasinya masih terlalu jauh dari lokasi yang diteliti atau pun yang kurang/tidak terjangkau sinyal belum akan dapat diakses. Geolocation berbasis android digunakan untuk mempermudah pembangunan sistem dan penggunaan sistem. Fitur yang disediakan adalah lahan, lokasi dan bantuan. Fitur lahan akan memberikan rincian informasi berupa luas, tahun tanam, jumlah pokok, dan tahun penanaman. Studi ini menghasilkan sistem geolocation pemetaan lahan sawit yang dapat diakses melalui aplikasi di telepon genggam.
Os fatores estressores e o impacto na saúde mental dos estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Costa Lucas Santos , Maluf Maria Victoria Jabur , Souza Julia Matos de , Anjos Danielle Oliveira dos
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e a incidência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse nos estudantes de Medicina para compreender os motivos que os levam ao adoecimento e seus agravos, bem como analisar e descrever o impacto do isolamento social devido a pandemia de COVID 19 na saúde mental dos estudantes. Revisão bibliográfica: A prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre os acadêmicos de Medicina é alarmantemente maior do que na população em geral, bem com os índices de ideação suicida. (Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt, 2006). Por meio da literatura, percebe-se que o panorama da graduação com aumento do volume de informações, mudanças nos métodos de estudo, carga horária, insegurança com relação à própria competência profissional e ao mercado de trabalho coloca o estudante universitário em um estado de vulnerabilidade, aumentando as chances de quadros psicopatológicos e consequentes dificuldades no desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos mesmos. Considerações finais: Logo, os estudantes de medicina encontram-se entre os grupos com maior chance de sofrer com fatores estressores e desenvolver transtornos mentais comuns. Alterar a forma de como os estudantes de Medicina vivenciam o curso melhorará a saúde mental dos estudantes e consequentemente a formação profissional, o desempenho como profissionais e suas relações com os pacientes.
Ahtar Gazetesinin İslam Dünyasındaki Başlıca Meselelere Yaklaşımının İncelenmesi
Authors: Othan Eyyup
Published: June 2022

Abstract In this study, the approach of Ahtar newspaper to the main issues in the Islamic world has been considered from various angles. Akhtar newspaper has served as a bridge in the transfer of modern ideas and understandings to Iran and has influenced the Persian cultural basin. This influence has paved the way for the emergence of many developments in a wide geography. The Iranian legitimacy in the sense of Western democracy is the most typical example of this. Ahtar has been trying to convey to his readers the level reached by Western civilization since the moment he started publishing, and has tried to propose solutions to the situation in which Eastern societies are located. Speaking about the importance of continuing education, culture, and work, he called on Eastern societies to follow the example of the West. Akhtar called on Eastern societies to unite around the religion of Islam, to stay away from serialization and to be vigilant against the foreign policies pursued by Western countries. In this context, it was emphasized that national and religious differences in the Islamic world should not be seen as a cause of hostility, and that they should remain in history, not be maintained as a point of hostility, if this is not done, the issues of the time cannot be informed and this situation will be useful to the European powers. Key Words: Akhtar Newspaper, East-West Civilization, the Islamic World
من مظاهر التجريب (توظيف التناص والتكرار في القصة العمانية القصيرة)
Authors:   دكتوراه، قسم الدراسات التربوية، كلية التربية، جامعة التقنية والعلوم التطبيقية بالرستاق، سلطنة عمان, الفزاري الدكتور/ سلطان
Published: June 2022

يشير مفهوم التجريب في القصة القصيرة إلى مراحل تالية من النضج الأدبي في كتابتها على مستويي البناء والرؤية، وأغلب الكتابات التي يمكن وصفها بالنضج، والتي يمكن إدراجها تحت مسمى التجريب، لا بد أن تكون قد تجاوزت المنحى التقليدي في الكتابة، وهو يستلزم الإحاطة بالمراحل التطورية التي تزامنت مع مظاهر السرد القصصي، وكذلك أغلب التحولات التي رافقتها حتى أخذت مكانتها في التجريب، وبالتالي لا بد من المرور ببعض التجارب القصصية التي تمثل البدايات، وتحمل في ثناياها المنحنى التقليدي، وكثيرا من السمات البدائية قبل النهوض بفن القص إلى مستوى التجريب، كما يستلزم، أيضا النظر في المراحل التي أدت إليه. إن محاولات التجريب المتكررة في القصة القصيرة، تتيح الفرصة لكتّابها لتأصيل عالمهم الفني، وتأكيد خيال ذواتهم، والاستمتاع بالكتابة، من خلال خوض المغامرة الإبداعية، واستحداث أنماط جديدة في مجال القص. تأتي محاولات التجديد في البناء الفني للقصة القصيرة؛ بحثا في البنية الشكلية والمضمونية لها، ولذلك، فإن كتّابها يبذلون جهدا كبيرا للخروج بنصوص قصصية متنوعة، ذات رؤية وتغيير في العمق. إن التجريب في القصة القصيرة، لا يمكن اختصاره إلى تقنيات محددة، تنطبق على سائر الأعمال القصصية، فهو يتكئ على الوعي الجمالي لدى الكاتب/ المبدع، وعلى مجتمعه، وثقافته، وعليه، فإن الدراسة الحالية تحاول الوقوف على مظهرين من مظاهر التجريب في القصة العمانية القصيرة، وهما التناص، والتكرار، في محاولة لتتبع تجلياتهما على مستويي البناء، والرؤية.
دور المدرسة الابتدائية في نشر الوعي السياحي لدى التلميذات من وجهة نظر المعلمات بمدينة الرياض
Authors:   ماجستير أصول تربية، قسم أصول تربية، جامعة الامام محمد بن سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية, الشهراني ميمونة
Published: June 2022

هدفت الدراسة: إلى التعرف على دور المدرسة الابتدائية في نشر الوعي السياحي لدى التلميذات من وجهة نظر المعلمات بمدينة الرياض، واعتمدت الدراسةُ على المنهج الوصفي المسحي، واتخذت الاستبانة أداةً لها في جمع المعلومات والبيانات، تكوّن المجتمع من جميع معلمات المرحلة الابتدائية في المدارس الحكومية في مدينة الرياض (11450) معلمة، حيث تشكلت عينة الدراسة من (372) معلمة. وكان من أبرز نتائج الدراسة: أن المعلمات موافقات بدرجة كبيرة على فاعلية دور المدرسة الابتدائية في نشر الوعي السياحي لدى التلميذات بمدينة الرياض، والتي كان من أبرزها: تقديم المدرسة برامج إثرائية للتعريف بالمناطق التاريخية والأثرية في المملكة العربية السعودية، أن المعلمات موافقات بدرجة كبيرة على المعوقات التي تحد من نشر الوعي السياحي لدى التلميذات في مدينة الرياض، والتي كان من أبرزها: قلق إدارة المدرسة من تحمل مسؤولية التلميذات في الرحلات الخارجية، أن المشاركات في الدراسة موافقات بدرجة كبيرة جداً على المقترحات لدور المدرسة الابتدائية في نشر الوعي السياحي لدى التلميذات، والتي كان من أبرزها: إشراك الأسرة في كيفية المحافظة على المتنزهات والمواقع السياحية. وكان من أهم التوصيات والمقترحات للبحث بأن تقدم وزارة التعليم دورات تدريبية لقائدات المدارس والمعلمات عن أهمية الوعي السياحي، ومردودها الثقافي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي، تزويد مركز مصادر التعلم في المدرسة بمصادر مقروءة ومسموعة ومرئية تبين أهم المعالم السياحية الموجودة في المملكة.
Programa de educação tutorial PET - Engenharias Conexões de Saberes: uma experiência com o ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Soares Giovanna Luiza , Xavier João Vitor Menengon , Nascimento Andreia Aoyagui
Published: June 2022

O ano de 2020 foi um ano marcado pela pandemia do COVID-19. Muitas das práticas comuns até então vigentes ganharam um novo locus de atuação. Na educação, as atividades presenciais foram substituídas por educação online e a distância, na maioria das instituições. Nesse contexto, o grupo PET-Engineering Knowledge Connections, da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), se propõe a ministrar dois cursos distintos: linguagem de programação python básica e design auxiliado por computador, ambos utilizando a informação digital e as tecnologias de comunicação (TDICs) fornecidas pela UFG. Os resultados deste artigo, confirmam a influência positiva da troca de experiências e as implicações deste estudo são consideradas sobre as três categorias de perspectivas acadêmicas, gerenciais e tecnológicas. Isso pode incluir o apoio à introdução dessa nova forma de ensinar como parte do aprendizado sobre ciência e tecnologia possibilitando a introdução mais geral do conhecimento de engenharia, passando por suportes mais construtivos (e colaborativos).
Saia da página em branco: guia para o projeto de pesquisa
Authors: Paixão Julia Maria Pires , Bracci Nathália Bertoncelli , Silva Lucas Daniel Velasco da , Silva Elizabet Leal da
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo, dirigido principalmente a estreantes em pesquisa, tem como objetivo auxiliar na elaboração do Projeto de Pesquisa, expondo de forma clara e organizada, temas e elementos primordiais de um projeto de pesquisa.. Explora-se a estrutura do projeto de pesquisa: título, introdução, revisão bibliográfica, procedimentos metodológicos, bibliografia, cronograma e orçamento, detalhando cada um desses itens.  Visa-se apresentar os aspectos que integram o Projeto de Pesquisa, destacando os principais pontos e apresentando as etapas para a elaboração do estudo científico pelos pesquisadores. Seguindo as fases aqui propostas será possível observar que não é difícil elaborar um bom Projeto de Pesquisa. A metodologia utilizada é classificada como bibliográfica, pura, qualitativa e descritiva. O estudo é embasado em obras de Marina de Andrade Marconi, Eva Maria Lakatos, Antonio Carlos Gil e demais renomardos doutrinadores.
A Review on Chewing-Stick Practices Using Plants in Gujarat
Authors: Pandya Udita , Gadhvi Kamlesh , Gamit Sandip
Published: June 2022

Dental infections are one of the most common oral health issues in the world. Plaque-forming bacteria found in the oral cavity, such as Myces, Actinobacillus, Streptococcus and Candida species, cause them. Despite the widespread use of tooth brushes and tooth pastes, chewing sticks have remained a popular and accepted teeth cleaning tool in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. Furthermore, approximately 72 percent of the country's rural population uses a range of plant species as a tooth brush. An attempt was made to document all of the information found in ancient and modern literature, as well as information gathered during ethnobotanical surveys in various tribal and rural areas of the country. Present review highlights some of the plant species used as chewing-stick practices of specific Gujarat state.

Keywords: Chewing-stick, plants, Gujarat state.
Retrieval of File from Canal Apical Third: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Moin Dr. Alina , Varshney Dr. Isha , Kaur Dr. Navneet
Published: June 2022

Background: Procedural mishaps can occur during any step of root canal during cleaning and shaping, and might affect the prognosis of treatment. Among these separation of instruments in the canal is one of the most troublesome incidents in endodontic therapy especially if the fragments cannot be removed. Several techniques have been employed to facilitate the removal of the fragments; however, they are technique sensitive, expensive and require great expertise.
Aim: This paper aims to suggest combination of techniques for retrieval of file from apical or beyond the apical third of canal.
Materials and Methods: A 30year old patient presented with pain in upper anterior tooth. Clinical examination revealed a temporary restoration in 21 with no soft tissue abnormality. A radio-visio-graph indicated 22 associated with periapical radiolucency and a separated file extending 3mm beyond the radiographic apex in the periapical area. Retrieval of the separated instrument was planned using braiding technique followed by obturation and post endo restoration.
Second case report includes a female 43 years old with pain in upper lateral incisor. IOPA radiograph revealed a separated instrument in the apical third of root canal. Retreatment was planned by first bypassing the fractured file and then using ultrasonics to loosen the fragment followed by obturation and post endodontic restoration.
Conclusion: Combining different techniques during file retrieval can retrieve file with minimal dentinal destruction.

Keywords: braiding, bypass, file retrieval, H file, K file, instrument separation, ultrasonics.
Analyzed Workload and Performance of Nurses in Hospital Salak, North Pakpak Regency Toward Patient Safety Implementation during the
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gulo Yunestini , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Girsang Ermi
Published: June 2022

Patient care providers, especially nurses, contribute to the occurrence of errors that threaten patient safety. These errors can have an impact on the implementation of nurses in the implementation of patient safety. One of the factors causing the implementation of patient safety does not run optimally because of the nurse's workload. This paper described about analyze the relationship between workload and nurse performance on the implementation of patient safety during the Covid-19 pandemic and analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at Salak Hospital, Pakpak Bharat Regency also population was 100 people and the entire population was sampled. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression at 95% confidence level (p=0.05). The results show that there is a relationship between physical workload, discipline, and cooperation on the implementation of patient safety during the Covid-19 pandemic, p < 0.05. While the unrelated variables are psychological workload, service orientation, integrity, and commitment, p> 0.05. The variable that has the biggest relationship to the implementation of patient safety during the Covid-19 pandemic is the physical workload with a value of Exp(B)/OR = 13,453. The management of Salak Hospital in Pakpak Bharat Regency needs to provide education and training to all nurses related to the implementation of patient safety during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to divide tasks fairly to all nurses so that the physical workload borne by each nurse is not unequal so that it has an impact on performance. who are not good at implementing patient safety.

Keywords: Nurse Workload, Nurse Performance, Patient Safety Implementation.
Hypovitaminosis D in Various Age Groups and its Effect on Office Worker and Non Office Worker: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aditi Dr. Sneha , Aziz Dr. Abdul
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Vitamin D is known to be a key regulator of bone metabolism and is associated with muscle strength. Its deficiency is rampant worldwide, but some groups are at greater risk.
Aim: We aim to evaluate vitamin D levels in different age group and identify office going groups and non office going group vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency.
Material and Methods: We here by analyze vitamin D levels of various sex and age group people tested in SRL diagnostic lab at Patna from May 2021 to April 2022. Further were categorized in office going group and non office going group. According to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the patients were further grouped into either the deficiency group (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL), insufficiency group (25(OH)D- 20 to <30.0 ng/mL) and sufficiency group having >30ng/ml. Hypovitaminosis D included both deficiency and insufficiency group. The differences between the 2 groups were compared. We used a Chi-squared test to determine the significance of differences between proportions for hypovitaminosis D between office going and non office going groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: Out of 993 cases the overall average vitamin D level for all the cases are 24.004±20.87.Out of total cases 58.50% cases were female and 41.49% cases were of male patients. In female patients 71% cases had hypovitaminosis D where as 79% male patient had hypovitaminosis D. Different age groups were formed where group I included 0-12years, group II included 13-19years, group III included 20-39years, group IV included 40-59years and group V included >60years. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency and insufficiency) was seen in 79% population of group I and II, 78% group III, 71% group IV and 66% group V. 35% population were office going and other 75% population was non office going which almost included similar percentage of male and female population in both the groups i.e. 40% male population and 60% female population. In office going population 83% male population had hypovitaminosis D where as 72% female population had hypovitaminosis D.
Conclusion: In conclusion, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was noted among infant, children, adolescents and elderly despite the abundant sunshine. Compared to females, males were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency, and male gender appears to be a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency. This may reflect strong sun avoidance behavior among all the age group. Occupation as such in this study had no direct role on vitamin D status.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Deficiency, Insufficiency, sufficient, Office going, children.
Analysis Structure of Economy on the Development Economic of the City Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Simanjuntak Dewi Siska , SU HB. Tarmizi , . Sukardi
Published: June 2022

Development and regional economic growth are one important element in the process of regional development in addition to aspects of equity and stability. Economic activity area will be difficult to be realized in the absence of economic growth in the region is quite high. Fluctuations in economic growth in real terms from year to year, is presented in the form of GDP is grouped in 17 (seventeen) sectors of the economy. The GDP is calculated at Current Market Prices (ADHB) is assessed by the price of the relevant year, and Upper Constant Prices of 2010 (ADHK 2010) is assessed based on the price in 2010. To realize economic development through with limited resources as a consequence have to be focused on the development of sectors that impact multiplier (multiplier effect) significantly to other sectors or the economy as a whole. This study aims to determine the superior sector Tebing Tinggi city's economy as information and consideration in development planning. This study uses secondary data time series (time series) of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Dairi and North Sumatra province in 2010-2020. The analytical tool used in this study, the analysis Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ) and shift share analysis.The results of Klassens typology analysis show that the main economic sectors are the electricity and gas procurement sector; the water supply sector; waste management, waste and recycling, and the wholesale and retail trade sector; car and motorcycle repair. Location Quotient analysis results show that there are 12 (twelve) basic sectors (LQ > 1), namely the electricity and gas procurement sector; water supply sector; waste management, waste and recycling, construction sector; wholesale and retail trade sector; car repair and motorcycles, transportation and warehousing sector; accommodation and food and drink supply sector; information and communication sektor; financial and insurance services sector, real estate sector; government administration sector; defense and compulsory social security, education services sector; health services sector and social activities and other service sectors. The results of the Shift Share analysis show that there are 4 (four) sectors that are competitive or have competitiveness or have a positive differential shift value, namely the electricity and gas procurement sector; the water supply sector; waste management, waste and recycling, the wholesale trade sector and retail, car and motorcycle repair, and the transportation and warehousing sector.

Keywords: Economic Development, Base and Non-Based Sectors, Typology Klassen, Location Quotient and Shift Share.
Relationship between High Alvarado Scores and Complicate Acute Appendicitis in Acute Appendicitis Patients That Undergo Appendicectomy Surgery
Authors: Candranata Dewa Putu Engga , Steven Christian I Nengah Wiadnyana , Wiargitha I Ketut
Published: June 2022

ackground/aim: Alvarado score can help diagnose acute appendicitis based on predictive clinical factors and reduce the number of radiological examinations. Correct diagnosis and early surgical intervention are the best treatment to reduce morbidity, mortality and complications, with appendicectomy as the gold standard of treatment. This study aims to determine the relationship between a high Alvarado score and the occurrence of complicated acute appendicitis in acute appendicitis patients who underwent appendicectomy surgery at Sanglah General Hospital.
Methods: This study used a cross sectional design. Data observation was carried out retrospectively. The research sample in this study was selected sequentially (consecutive sampling) which involved 108 respondents who had met the inclusion criteria and there were no exclusion criteria. Data analysis in this study consisted of univariate analysis (descriptive statistics), bivariate analysis (Chi Square test) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).
Results: Alvarado score in the complicated group obtained with a mean of 7.4 (SD: 1.2) and the non-complicated group obtained with a mean of 6.7 (SD: 1.8) with p value = 0.049. Alvarado score 7 with the occurrence of complicated appendicitis as many as 45 respondents (41.7%) and 29 respondents non-complicated (26.9%), Alvarado score <7 with complicated appendicitis status as many as 9 respondents (8.3%) and non-complicated as many as 25 respondents (23.1%).
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between a high Alvarado score and the occurrence of complicated acute appendicitis in patients with acute appendicitis who underwent appendicectomy with a 4 times chance of complications if they have a high Alvarado score.

Keywords: Appendicitis, Alvarado score, complications, clinical symptoms.
PENGARUH ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA (AFTA) TERHADAP EKSPOR IMPOR SINGAPURA PADA TAHUN 2017-2021
Authors: Fauziah Siti Ghina , Nugroho Agung Yudhistira
Published: June 2022

region, ASEAN formed the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement. This aims to reduce or even eliminate existing trade barriers in the region and make ASEAN the world's production base. Singapore imports commodities that have not been fulfilled by its country, one of which is raw goods and Singapore exports its superior commodities and ready- to-use goods that have been processed from imported raw goods. This is relate with the theory used in this study, namely the theory of trade liberalization and the theory of comparative advantage. The existence of AFTA has the effect of increasing Singapore's exports and imports when compared to the year before the implementation of AFTA (2003 and back). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) on the value of Singapore's exports and imports. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method using literature study. Keywords : Singapore, Trade Liberalization, Comparative Advantage , Export, Import AbstrakUntuk mewujudkan perdagangan bebas di kawasan Asia Tenggara, ASEAN membentuk perjanjian ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi bahkan menghilangkan hambatan perdagangan yang ada di kawasan serta menjadikan ASEAN sebagai basis produksi dunia. Singapura mengimpor komoditas yang belum terpenuhi oleh negaranya salah satunya yaitu barang mentah dan Singapura mengekspor keunggulan komoditasnya serta barang siap pakai yang telah diolah dari barang mentah yang di impornya. Hal ini selaras dengan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori liberalisasi perdagangan serta teori keunggulan komparatif. Adanya AFTA membawa pengaruh peningkatan ekspor serta impor Singapura jika dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelum implementasi AFTA (tahun 2003 kebelakang). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) terhadap nilai ekspor dan impor Singapura. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka.  Kata kunci : Singapura, Liberalisasi Perdagangan, Comparative Advantage, Ekspor, Impor
Espèces de diatomées saumâtres observées à la source bitumineuse du Puy de la Poix : un îlot de curiosité
Authors: Baker Lory-Anne , Beauger Aude , Wetzel Carlos E. , Voldoire Olivier , Blavignac Christelle , Allain Elisabeth , Ector Luc , Biron David
Published: June 2022

La source de la Poix est une particularité géologique du Massif central français car elle est connue pour être bitumineuse associée à de l’eau salée, du méthane et des traces d’hydrogène sulfuré. Entre mars 2017 et juin 2020, trois prélèvements ont été effectués en raclant les diatomées sur la couche de bitume. De plus, les conditions physiques et chimiques ont été examinées. Il apparaît que la conductivité de l’eau salée est supérieure à celle de l’océan, entraînant le développement de certaines espèces de diatomées saumâtres, observées pour certaines d’entre elles sur les sédiments intertidaux ou dans les estuaires. Même si les conditions abiotiques étaient extrêmes pour ces algues, la biodiversité était élevée et révèle des espèces ayant une grande capacité à supporter des concentrations et des fluctuations de salinité élevées.
Evaluation of Antibacterial activity of Marine Brown Algae Turbinaria conoides against Oral Pathogens
Authors: Jason D Alden Schnyder , Magesh K.T. , R. Aravindhan , Kumar M. Sathya
Published: June 2022

The study is based on the fact that common dental diseases affect a very significant part of the population. Even today with all the present literature, research and development against these diseases; dental caries and gingivitis affect all people in varying socioeconomic status. Through years of meticulous research the various causative organisms have been identified, however both dental caries as well as gingivitis are multibacterial and multifactorial diseases. Besides, the use of antibiotics is not a piece of cake due to the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. This implies the need for newer, more natural sources of medicines at an affordable price to serve the society as a whole. Turbinaria conoides has antibacterial potential; however its scope against oral pathogens has never been scaled before. The study aims at achieving a sustainable cure with the use of natural resources and implies its development and use through incorporation into mouthwash and toothpaste; to extract antibacterial compounds from Turbinaria conoides, to determine the bactericidal property of Turbinaria conoides against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomycetes and to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract and to compare the effect of the extract between the two oral microorganism.
Prescribing pattern of Antihypertensive, Anti-Diabetic, Hypolipidaemic and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Vidya Sagar Tamilisetti , Byndoor Yatish , Das Anupam
Published: June 2022

Objective: The Purpose of this study is to evaluate prescribing pattern of drugs to prevent progression of nephropathy in patients of diabetes in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: It was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, written informed consent was taken from those patients, who fulfilled study criteria and study sample included type 2 diabetic nephropathy outdoor patients who aged more than 40 years who were in stage of micro albuminuria (stage 3 diabetic nephropathy), details like sex, duration of illness, on-going treatment concurrent medicines were recorded in predesigned and pretested case record forms, these data were subjected to analysis using descriptive methods, Microsoft excel was used for data entry and descriptive analysis. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. A written permission has been obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee for the conduct of the study. Results: In the present study there were 100 patients, of whom 63 were males and 37 were females, majority of patients have diabetes for more than 20 years, all patients received anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic drugs. Among antihypertensive drugs, ACE inhibitors are prescribed most followed by diuretics and calcium channel blockers, among ACE inhibitors; Enalapril and Ramipril were prescribed most. Insulin was prescribed in 50% of patients and Glimepiride was the most common sulfonylurea prescribed. Statins were prescribed most among hypolipidaemic drugs; orlistat was prescribed only for 5% of patients. Majority of the patients were advised by physician regarding regular exercise, protein restricted diet, salt restriction, avoidance of cigarette smoking and weight reduction. Conclusion: Our study concluded that prescribing pattern of drugs in diabetic nephropathy was as per current practices and recommendations of guidelines. The pattern of drug use was to achieve better control of all the risk factors which are involved in progression of nephropathy. Further large scale and more detailed study, which includes sample from government setup and private clinics, is recommended to confirm our findings
Preparation and Standardization of Vrihatsamsharkar Churna: A Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: S. Vats , K. Agarwal , A. Kumar
Published: June 2022

In India the traditional system of medicine is in practice from the ancient times for the treatment of several diseases. Due to lack of standardization or purity of herbal drugs some effective drugs are not regularly used for the treatment which is a major drawback for the herbal sector and pharma industries. That is why the standardization techniques for herbal drugs are required to be developed and make a bond with the main science health stream. There are certain preliminary guidelines given by CCRAS (Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha) for the standardization of these herbal drugs. Standardization of herbal formulations is a prime requirement for the establishment of the good quality of such herbal drugs. The present paper report the preparation and standardization of a poly herbal formulation which contain Syzygium aromaticum (flower buds), Myristica fragrans (seeds), Piper longum (fruit), Zingiber officinale (rhizome), Piper nigrum (fruit). This “Vrihatsamsharkar” churna poly herbal formulation is used in the treatment of dry cough. Following parameters like microscopy, macroscopy, ash value, extractive value, water soluble ash, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index, moisture content, swelling index and preliminary tests are calculated and discussed in this paper. These are certain important parameters which are necessarily required for the authentication of any herbal drug or any herbal formulation.
Development and Validation of Chemometric Assisted Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Montelukast Sodium and Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Y. Padmavathi , Babu N. Raghavendra , K. Rohini , A. Khanam Ashraf , R. Padmavathi
Published: June 2022

A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms using chemometrically assisted Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. This method involves preparation of solid pellets of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride using Potassium bromide (KBr) with the aid of geometric mixing. The spectra were measured by direct measurement technique using reduced path length in absorbance mode and the equipment was configured to collect spectra at 8cm-1 resolution. The spectra were collected between the ranges of 4000cm-1 to 450cm-1. Infrared spectra of the two drugs showed different functional group peaks with base line correction; from which intense, clear and proportionate peaks at 1704cm-1 and 3421cm-1 corresponding to C=O stretching and O- H group were selected for Montelukast and Fexofenadine respectively for quantitative estimation using chemometrics. Beer-Lambert’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/mg for Montelukast and Fexofenadine. The developed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The validation parameters - precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation, limit of detection were determined and found to be within the limits. This method was successfully applied for analysis of marketed formulations of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride.