bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology and experimental verification of the potential mechanism of Er-Xian decoction in aplastic anemia
Authors: Ye Mei , Liu Guangxian , Yang Yujun , Yang Hongyu , Ren Juan , Chen Wenfei , Gao Zeli
Published: October 2023

To investigate the potential mechanism of Er-Xian decoction (EXD) in treating aplastic anemia (AA), the active components of EXD were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the targets of the components were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction database. AA targets were collected from the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, PharmGKB, DrugBank, and TTD databases, the intersection of AA targets and EXD targets was calculated, and an herb-component-target network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The STRING database was used for protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a PPI network and perform topology analysis. The core targets were imported into the DAVID database for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The molecular docking software AutoDock was used to measure the affinity between active components and key targets. Finally, we established a mouse model of AA and verified the key targets and signaling pathways of EXD by RT‒PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. A total of 53 active components were screened from EXD, 2516 AA-related targets were collected, and 195 common targets were obtained. An herb-component-target network and a PPI network were successfully constructed, and 36 core targets were selected from the PPI network. The main active components of EXD include luteolin, kaempferol, berberine, etc., and key targets include PIK3CA, AKT1, STAT3, etc. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that cell components, molecular functions and biological processes with significant correlations were macromolecular complexes, protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity and protein phosphorylation, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways with significant correlations included the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the tested key targets had good affinity for the corresponding active components. In AA mice, we found that EXD significantly increased white blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count and hemoglobin levels, increased mRNA levels of PIK3CA, PIK3CD, AKT1, JAK2, STAT3 and MAPK1, and promoted phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT3. In summary, EXD acts on PI3K, AKT, STAT3 and other targets through berberine, luteolin, quercetin and other components to regulate the PI3K-Akt pathway, JAK-STAT pathway and other pathways, thus exerting its therapeutic effect on AA. This study explained the Chinese medicine theory of treating AA with EXD by tonifying kidney-yang and provides a scientific basis for the use of EXD in treating AA.
LncRNA RARA-AS1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and promote proliferation and migration in glioblastoma
Authors: Huang Yue , Deng Song , Jiang Qiaoji , Shi Jinlong
Published: October 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of cancer progression and are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the role of RARA Antisense RNA 1 (RARA-AS1) in cancer and its implications for diagnosis and treatment. Various bioinformatics tools were conducted to analyze the expression patterns, immune-related functions, methylation, and gene expression correlations of RARA-AS1, mainly including the comparisons of different subgroups and correlation analyses between RARA-AS1 expression and other factors. Furthermore, we used short hairpin RNA to perform knockdown experiments, investigating the effects of RARA-AS1 on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in glioblastoma. Our results revealed that RARA-AS1 has distinct expression patterns in different cancers and exhibits notable correlation with prognosis. Additionally, RARA-AS1 is highly correlated with certain immune checkpoints and mismatch repair genes, indicating its potential role in immune infiltration and related immunotherapy. Further analysis identified potential effective drugs for RARA-AS1 and demonstrated its potential RNA binding protein (RBP) mechanism in glioblastoma. Besides, a series of functional experiments indicated inhibiting RARA-AS1 could decrease cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioblastoma cell lines. Finally, RARA-AS1 could act as an independent prognostic factor for glioblastoma patients and may serve as a promising therapeutic target. All in all, Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions and implications of RARA-AS1 in pan-cancer, highlighting it as a promising biomarker for survival. It is also an independent risk factor affecting prognosis in glioblastoma and an important factor affecting proliferation and migration in glioblastoma, setting the stage for further mechanistic investigations.
Towards eliminating friction and wear in plain bearings operating without lubrication
Authors: Kharanzhevskiy Evgeny V. , Ipatov Aleksey G. , Makarov Aleksey V. , Gil’mutdinov Faat Z.
Published: October 2023

Plain bearings, renowned for their versatility and simplicity, are extensively utilized in engineering design across various industries involving moving parts. Lubrication is vital to the functioning of these bearings, yet their usage is inhibited under dynamic load conditions, or at elevated or reduced temperatures due to this dependency on lubrication. This study introduces an innovative method to significantly mitigate friction and wear in plain bearings operating without lubrication. The plain bearings were constructed from steel–bronze pairs, where the steel shafts were alloyed with bismuth oxide via short-pulse laser treatment. MnO2 was utilized as a carrier to incorporate the bismuth oxide into the surface layers of the steel. Insights from transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a highly non-equilibrium state of matter, unattainable through conventional engineering methods. The tribological performance of the modified steel disks was assessed via a block-on-ring sliding test, demonstrating superior wear and friction performance without lubrication, as well as an ultra-low coefficient of friction. Remarkably, the modified friction pairs remained functional after 200 km of linear sliding at a load of 250 N (12.5 MPa) and a sliding speed of 9 m/s. To substantiate the technique’s viability, we tested the performance of an internal combustion engine turbocharger fitted with a modified steel shaft. The turbocharger’s performance validated the long-term effectiveness of the steel–bronze coupling operating without lubrication at 75,000 rpm. The simplicity and resilience of this technique for modifying steel–bronze pairs offer a ground-breaking and promising approach for a wide range of applications.
Emotional labor mediates the associations between self-consciousness and flow in dancers
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Liao Yu , Tan Jiayi , Duan Jifang , Gao Ruixiang
Published: October 2023

Emotional labor has been a focal point in occupational well-being literature, but studies have long overlooked an important group of emotional laborers: performers. This research represents a pioneering effort to examine dancers’ adoption of emotional labor strategies, their antecedent of self-consciousness, and the outcome of flow experience. We explored these elements both in the traditional setting of stage dancing and in the novel context of online dance classes without on-site spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that dancers employed all three common emotional labor strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions, with deep acting being the most frequent. In the traditional setting, only the expression of naturally felt emotions mediated the positive effect of private self-consciousness and the negative effect of public self-consciousness on flow experience. In contrast, in the online setting, only private self-consciousness impacted flow through the mediation of deep acting and expression of naturally felt emotions. This exploratory study bridges dramaturgy-originated theories of emotional labor with empirical performing arts research, preliminarily advancing knowledge in the relevant fields of dance education, self-presentation, and flow studies.
Preclinical assessment of rodent jumping power with a novel electrical stimulation-assisted device
Authors: Kim Seung-Rok , Lee Ey-In , Kim Yongnyun , Cho Sang Wouk , Hong Namki , Rhee Yumie , Park Jin-Woo
Published: October 2023

Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that is associated with increasing the risk of falls, musculoskeletal diseases, and chronic metabolic diseases. However, the animal models adopted to study sarcopenia face limitations since the functional tests conducted on human cannot be directly adapted to animals because the animals do not follow instructions. Moreover, current preclinical research tools for muscle function assessment, such as the rotarod, grip strength, and treadmill, have limitations, including low-intensity simple movements, evaluator subjectivity, and limited power indicators. Hence, in this study, we present a new jumping-power assessment tool in a preclinical rodent model to demonstrate muscle functions. To overcome the light weight and command issues in the rodent model, we developed an electrical stimulation-assisted jump power assessment device. Precisely, the device utilizes a load cell with a 0.1 g resolution and a 50 points/s data acquisition rate to capture the short period of the mouse jump. Additionally, interdigitated electrodes are used to electrically stimulate the mice and make them jump. While our primary focus in this article is the validation of the newly developed jump power assessment device, it is worth noting that this tool has several potential utilities. These include the phenotypic comparison of sarcopenia models, the exploration of muscle function reduction mechanisms, muscle function-related blood biomarkers, and the evaluation of drug intervention effects.
The Role of Design in Conserving Product Value in the Circular Economy
Authors: Andrews Deborah , Whitehead Beth
Published: October 2023

Design is integral to human activity and has been practised since humans first made tools to fulfil specific functions. It was formalised during the first industrial revolution; since then it has evolved to become a multidisciplinary profession. Before, the industrial revolution products and buildings were ‘circular’ by default. However, the development of synthetic and composite materials, and product and component miniaturisation, has encouraged linear economic practices in design and manufacture. This has raised concern in the European Union about rising waste, demand on resources, and risk to supply. In this chapter we explore the role of design in the value chain through four industrial sectors and discuss their evolution to understand the potential for circularity and the extent to which design can influence and contribute to circular practice and sustainable development goals now and in the future.
Plastics: Sustainable Development Goals and Circular Solutions
Authors: Sousa Fabiula D. B.
Published: October 2023

Plastics are ubiquitous in the global economy. However, their benefits must be offset against the harm caused by a throw-away culture and poor waste management practices. This tension is apparent in the key role played by plastics in public health safeguarding during the COVID-19 pandemic, set against the significant generation of plastic residues, accompanied by an increase in water pollution due to their incorrect disposal. The Scopus database was interrogated to identify literature on the role of plastics in achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Bibliometric analysis and mapping indicated that the principal keywords were as follows, in order of frequency of occurrence: circular economy, sustainability, COVID-19, plastic pollution, life cycle assessment, waste management, environment, microplastics, plastic waste, and sustainable development. Despite contributing to the achievement of at least 15 SDGs, overall, pollution caused by plastics (principally marine pollution) outperformed the totality of their positive roles in achieving the SDGs. However, the study also highlighted the fundamental role of the circular economy with strategies such as reduction, recycling and service life extension as potential solutions to the socio-environmental problems that plastics may cause, and as a key ally in achieving the SDGs, principally SDGs 3, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
Sustainable Development Goals, Circularity and the Data Centre Industry: a Review of Real-world Challenges in a Rapidly Expanding Sector
Authors: Ptach Dominika Izabela , Andrews Deborah , Philbin Simon P.
Published: October 2023

The last three decades have seen rapid growth in the Data Centre Industry (DCI), which has significantly affected the world we live in today. With the supposedly positive impact of digital technologies, nobody questioned the sustainability of the industry for many years. Only recently, research has started to identify the trade-offs of information and communication technology, particularly for data centres. The increasing environmental concerns sparked discussions about sustainability in many industries, governments and communities, including the DCI. Although the relationship between business and the goal of pursuing sustainability remains complicated and has not been fully explored through research, various studies have emphasised the need to move beyond business as usual. Therefore, businesses within the DCI need to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offset the significant impacts of this sector on the environment, including resource depletion, critical raw materials’ extraction and unethical labour practices. This chapter presents an overview of this unique sector in the context of the impacts across three pillars of sustainability and summaries circular economy-inspired initiatives. Furthermore, it reviews opportunities for the sector to contribute to the SDGs and presents research gaps in present awareness and approaches to tackling the SDGs.
X-ray radio-enhancement by Ti3C2Tx MXenes in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Zimmermann Monika , Gerken Lukas R. H. , Wee Shianlin , Kissling Vera M. , Neuer Anna L. , Tsolaki Elena , Gogos Alexander , Lukatskaya Maria R. , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: October 2023

Ti3C2Tx MXenes, introduced in tumor tissues, amplify X-ray interactions to increase reactive oxygen species production, leading to higher cancer cell death and potentially improved radiotherapy results.
High-order framework nucleic acid for targeted-delivery of antisense peptide nucleic acids to overcome drug resistance
Authors: Xing Shu , Lan Xiaoqian , Zhang Jiaqian , Li Meng , Wang Bing
Published: October 2023

A high-order dendritic framework nucleic acid was constructed via one-pot modular assembly for targeted delivery and responsive release of environment tolerant antisense peptide nucleic acids to combat drug resistance in cancer therapy.
Vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy in the C–D, XY, and XYZ stretching region
Authors: Taniguchi Tohru , Agbo Davidson Obinna
Published: October 2023

VCD spectroscopy in the 1900–2400 cm−1 region has less often been studied. This article briefly summarises VCD studies in this spectral region and discusses the properties of 1900–2400 cm−1 chromophores.
Electrochemical cascade reactions: an account of recent developments for this modern strategic tool in the arsenal of chemical synthesis
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Chowdhury Sushobhan
Published: October 2023

The electrochemical cascade process majorly satisfies the essential criteria of green synthesis. Being an Integrated synthetic strategy it can produce more molecules in a shorter time and thus provides a modern strategic tool in the arsenal of synthetic chemists.
Novel benzimidazole-linked microporous conjugated polymers for highly selective adsorption and photocatalytic reduction of diluted CO2
Authors: Wu Wei , Feng Chunyuan , Chen Mantao , Tan Qin , Deng Yue , Zeng Chao , Zhong Lixiang , Dai Chunhui
Published: October 2023

This work designed two novel benzimidazole-linked conjugated microporous polymers for highly selective capture and photoreduction of diluted CO2 in the presence of water vapor.
Understanding the correlation between extraction and luminescence behavior of Eu(iii) in a biphasic system in the presence of Co-extracting metal ions
Authors: Rout Alok , Kumar Satendra , Ramanathan N.
Published: October 2023

The presence of co-extracting metal ions significantly impacts the extraction as well as the luminescence behavior of Eu(iii) in a biphasic extraction system. Correlating both behaviors unveils some of the fundamental facts of Eu(iii) coordination.
ZIF-67-derived CuCo2S4@CoS2 as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Qian Li-hu , Dong Wei-wei , Cao Yan-Bo , Ma Rui , Ding Yi , Wang Xi
Published: October 2023

An efficient electrocatalyst of CuCo2S4@CoS2 using ZIF-67 as a template was synthesized. The interconnected structure, high conductivity, and interfacial interactions endow the catalyst with enhanced HER, OER, and overall water splitting activity.
Research hotspots and future trends of hot corrosion research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Nurrochman Andrieanto , Junianto Endro , Korda Akhmad Ardian , Prawara Budi , Basuki Eddy Agus
Published: October 2023

Knowledge map of hot corrosion research: six research hotspots of the hot corrosion research field were elucidated.
Novel hybrid QSPR-GPR approach for modeling of carbon dioxide capture using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Salahshoori Iman , Baghban Alireza , Yazdanbakhsh Amirhosein
Published: October 2023

In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have garnered considerable attention for their potential in carbon capture and utilization processes.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/modified porous starch gel beads for microbial preservation and reactivation: preparation, characterization and its wastewater treatment performance
Authors: Lin Shutao , Chang Ruiting , Cao Xinyu , Zhang Yongheng , Chen Jiabo , Jiang Wenchao , Zhang Zhi
Published: October 2023

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/modified porous starch (MPS) gel beads were prepared by in situ chemical cross-linking with MPS.
Effects of crystal structure and electronic properties on lithium storage performance of artificial graphite
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Shi Yang , Yang Qinghe , Shen Haiping , Fan Qiming , Nie Hong
Published: October 2023

In lower rate, Li+ have enough time to insert into the graphitic layer, the capacity of graphite primarily determined by σe. However, with increasing rate, Li+ insertion/extraction will become more difficult, making σLi become the mainly factor.
Ba2−xHoxSr2−yNiyFe12O22 and its composite with MXene: synthesis, characterization and enhanced visible light mediated photocatalytic activity for colored dye and pesticide
Authors: Basha Beriham , Manzoor Alina , Alrowaili Z. A. , Ihsan Ayesha , Shakir Imran , Al-Buriahi M. S.
Published: October 2023

The rapid recombination of charges of photogenerated electrons and holes severely limits single semiconductor photocatalytic applications.
Construction of 3D lithium metal anode using bi-functional composite separator: a new approach for lithium battery
Authors: Liu Fengquan , Xiang Tianqi , Xue Jinxin , Jia Sixin , Yan Jun , Huo Hong , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin
Published: October 2023

A feasible strategy of constructing stable 3D Li metal anode with bi-functional composite separator provides a new idea for developing high energy density lithium metal batteries.
Intrinsically dominated anomalous Hall effect in pulsed laser deposited epitaxial Co2MnGe ferromagnetic full Heusler alloy thin films
Authors: Yadav Ekta , Kumar Sunil
Published: October 2023

Intrinsic anomalous Hall transport in epitaxial Co2MnGe Heusler alloy half metallic thin films.
Synthesis of sulfonyl 2-aryl-5-methylenyltetrahydropyrans
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Chen Kuan-Ting
Published: October 2023

The one-pot construction of diversified sulfonyl 2-aryl-5-methylenetetrahydropyrans is developed by DABCO-promoted intramolecular Michael addition of β-sulfonyl styrene with 2-chloromethyl-1-propenol followed by intramolecular alkylation.
An investigative study into an oscillatory reaction in acoustically levitated droplets
Authors: Songsaeng Ruamsiri , Goddard Nicholas J. , Gupta Ruchi
Published: October 2023

For the first time we have studied an oscillatory chemical reaction (the well-known Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction) in acoustically levitated droplets.
A modified Beckmann rearrangement for the facile synthesis of amidines and imidates via imidoyl fluoride intermediates
Authors: Vogel James A. , Miller Kirya F. , Shin Eunjeong , Krussman Jenna M. , Melvin Patrick R.
Published: October 2023

The rapid reactivity of sulfone iminium fluorides leads to an efficient and practical synthesis of key amidine and imidate products via imidoyl fluoride intermediates.
Unravelling strong temperature-dependence of JHD in transition metal hydrides: solvation and non-covalent interactions versus temperature-elastic H–H bonds
Authors: Polukeev Alexey V. , Capelli Silvia C. , Wendt Ola F.
Published: October 2023

Temperature-dependent JHD in (X–POCOP)IrH2 complexes is rationalized via equilibrium between “short” and “long” isomers, both characterized by neutron diffraction. The effects of specific and non-specific solvation on (X–POCOP)IrH2 are discussed.
Rejuvenation of dearomative cycloaddition reactions via visible light energy transfer catalysis
Authors: Palai Angshuman , Rai Pramod , Maji Biplab
Published: October 2023

Dearomative cycloaddition is a powerful technique to access sp3-rich three-dimensional structural motifs from simple flat, aromatic feedstock.
Enhanced energy storage properties in BNT-based ceramics with a morphotropic phase boundary modified by Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Yan Bo , Ma Jinxu , He Qiang , An Linan , Chen Kepi
Published: October 2023

The development of dielectric capacitors for applications under medium-low fields is of great significance to the integration and miniaturization of electronic circuits.
Anti-bonding mediated record low and comparable-to-air lattice thermal conductivity of two metallic crystals
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Ning Wenbo , Rodriguez Alejandro , Lu Lihua , Wang Junxiang , Yao Yagang , Yuan Kunpeng , Hu Ming
Published: October 2023

PbAuGa and CsKNa possess record low lattice thermal conductivity which is even comparable to that of air. The loosely bonded Au and Cs atoms in PbAuGa and CsKNa respectively act as intrinsic rattlers and thus induce strong phonon anharmonicity.
Synergistically modifying electron transport layers and bottom buried perovskite layers of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiangheng , He Zhengyan , Yu Honglei , Zhang Shufang , Yao Changlin , Zhang Qi , Chen Ping
Published: October 2023

The electron transport layer (ETL) and its adjacent interface are essentially important for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Investigation of ice particle formation points during fish sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Ponomareva Elena , Firsova Angelina , Kuzov Anton , Korchunov Aleksander , Kovalenko Matvey , Rudoy Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted in order to investigate of the points of formation of ice particles during cooling of fish sperm. The object of the study was spermatozoa of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833), hybrid Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso, the spiny-tailed sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828, and the inconnu Stenodus leucichthys Güldenstädt, 1772. The growth of ice microparticles is formed at the perturbation temperature of the corresponding aqueous suspension, with the concentration of dissolved substances increasing in the non-freezing phase. The process of ice formation and the increase concentration of the remaining liquid continues as it cools to form amorphous (glassy) ice. It is interesting to bring the mass of ice with a further decrease in temperature to (-196) ° C. Cooling causes compression of the formed ice crystals.
Mathematical modeling of the processes of combined heat and moisture transfer during storage and drying of raw cotton
Authors: Shadmanov Istam , Shafiyev Tursun
Published: October 2023

The article developed a multidimensional mathematical model of joint heat and moisture transfer processes in inhomogeneous porous bodies, considering internal heat and moisture release, heat, and moisture exchange with the environment. Based on the usage of an implicit finite-difference scheme with the second order of precision in time and space variables, an effective numerical solution for resolving issues with heat and moisture transmission has been created. Software was created for studying the processes of heat and moisture transfer during the storage and drying of raw cotton based on the developed numerical algorithm, making it possible to identify and forecast changes in temperature and humidity at arbitrary points of raw cotton with various sizes.
Axiological distribution of the limited electric power of the household
Authors: Toropov Alexey
Published: October 2023

The structure of household electricity consumption depends on multiple factors. The operation of household electrical networks is possible within the allocated power limit and is restricted by the installed automatic disconnection devices of the power supply network. In conditions of limited allocated electrical power, comfortable living is not possible without prioritized power redistribution. A six-level hierarchical system of electrical power distribution for households has been proposed, incorporating variable priorities. By employing prioritized disconnection principles for groups of electrical appliances, the disconnection of limited household power supply can be avoided while maintaining maximum comfort. The proposed electrical connection scheme for household electrical equipment includes priority relays, time relays, and devices for remote disconnection of secondary appliances. When using heat pumps and heat accumulators for heating systems, a limit of 15 kWh is sufficient for comfortable use of any standard electrical appliances in households with an area of up to 150 square meters.
High-growth firms' sustainability and efficiency in the Russian energy sector during pandemic
Authors: Pletnev Dmitri , Naumova Kseniia
Published: October 2023

High-growth firms (gazelles) are important drivers of economic growth, being one of the key employment creators. COVID-19 pandemic hit the global and national economy. Dozens of industries suffer from epidemic restrictions. Gazelles did not stand aside and also suffered losses. Current research reveals the difference in performance of normal and high-growth firms in Russian energetic industry based on the financial reports data. The sample of energetic firms includes 3,066 normal and 162 high-growth firms. The performance is evaluated through the system of 6 indicators. The authors test 6 hypotheses (using one-way ANOVA) of better gazelles’ ability to grow, efficiency, solvency, and employability than normal firms in 2019-2021. The pandemic hit firm’s revenue growth in 2020, but gazelles had better ability to grow in 2019-2020. However, normal firms increased revenue greater than HGFs in 2021. Gazelles have higher profitability, solvency and employment creation abilities in comparison with normal firms. Firm efficiency doesn’t significantly differ between normal firms and HGFs.
Digital process simulation twins using statistics and information technologies
Authors: Bogodukhova Ekaterina , Britvina Valentina , Pitelinskiy Kirill , Gavrilyuk Artyom , Nurgazina Gulmira
Published: October 2023

This article presents the prospects for the development of virtual mathematical modeling of technological processes of various technical levels to simplify the process of manufacturing functional parts in production areas. A calculation model was drawn up, on the basis of which the thermal task was set for calculation, a change in temperature over a certain period of time was demonstrated. A study was also carried out aimed at identifying energy losses in the technological process, the main technical parameters of which are also presented in the materials of this work. The presented data confirm the practical significance of this and are aimed at stabilization of both technical and technological processes. The study conducted in the article is provided with graphic materials when entering and outputting information, tables with results, as well as a detailed description of each stage of the study.
Control of Al4C3 phase formation in aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanostructures
Authors: Aborkin Artemiy , Babin Dmitriy , Bokaryov Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

This brief overview provides a systematic organization of the known thermodynamic data to justify approaches for inhibiting the in-situ formation of Al4C3 reaction between carbon nanotubes and aluminum matrix in composite materials. Based on the literature data, the Gibbs free energy value at a temperature of 600 ºC is calculated for aluminum and carbon interactions with various substances. Approaches for inhibiting the interfacial reaction and the formation of the Al4C3 phase in aluminum matrix composites are proposed by controlling their composition. These approaches involve alloying the matrix with different elements and ex-situ modification of carbon nanotubes through the creation of coatings with varying compositions on their surface prior to their incorporation into the matrix. Literature data on the effect of the interfacial layer on the properties of Al/CNT composites are presented. The promising outlook of the interface design strategy by controlling the type and thickness of the interphase layer for the engineering of composites with improved properties is shown. This approach can be useful in the development of aluminum matrix composite materials with balanced properties for a wide range of applications.
Tribological properties of high-entropy high-speed steels under conditions of friction on stainless steel 12H18N9T
Authors: Fominov Evgeny , Shuchev Constantine , Cherednichenko Olga , Metelkova Nadezhda , Filonenko Lyubov
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of tribological characteristics of standard grades of high-speed steels (HSS) under conditions of friction on stainless steel 12H18N9T without the use of a lubricant. The grades of HSS selected for research differ in the value of thermal entropy, which is considered as an integral characteristic of their chemical composition. The tests were carried out according to the "pin-disk" friction scheme. The following differences in the characteristics of the friction process have been experimentally established, depending on the value of the thermal entropy of the HSS. Frictional interaction of high-entropy HSS was characterized by increasing the thickness of dissipative structures over time. The forming intermediate layer has a shielding effect, protecting the surfaces of rubbing bodies from destruction, but at the same time it has a large shear resistance, due to which higher coefficients of friction were recorded. The process of friction of HSS grades with low values of thermal entropy is characterized by the convergence of contacting bodies over time. For this group of materials, lower coefficients of friction were recorded against the background of a significant change in the surface micro relief relative to the initial state.
Contact interaction of deformable continuous media of various physical nature
Authors: Kuznetsova Irine , Berezhnoi Dmitri , Ekhsayem Duaa , Laalai Faicel
Published: October 2023

An approach is proposed for modeling the contact interaction processes of reinforcement bundles with concrete, as well as for underground elements of foundations and buildings reinforced foundations by compensatory injection with adjacent soil. A special contact finite element of a continuous medium with specific properties has been constructed which makes it possible to simulate the elastic interaction of two contacting surfaces their displacement relative to each other and separation. The developed algorithm allows within the framework of a single finite element method, to calculate the joint deformation of the elements of metal reinforcing elements, concrete and “weak” soils. The proposed calculation methods are implemented within the consistent equations framework of a geometrically nonlinear three-dimensional elasticity theory. On the basis of the proposed methods, the problem of "pulling out" a steel reinforcement bar from a concrete block was solved, a comparison was made with experimental data and with the results obtained in publicly available application software packages, a good agreement was noted.
Organizational and design requirements for facade systems works in structures and buildings
Authors: Azariy Lapidus , Ibrahim F. Ibrahim , Fakhratov Mukhammet , Sinenko Sergey
Published: October 2023

As a result of recent trends in energy consumption, innovative facade systems are being used more and more in both new building construction and renovation of old buildings. A wide range of interface system types are used to meet these requirements. Many of these systems are very complex and require not only fire safety requirements, but also other requirements such as humidity, rain protection, stability, thermal insulation and other functions. Social and technical aspects are also important. This review article provides general information about façade systems in buildings, modern facades and façade manufacturing materials. This study also deals with evaluations and technical requirements for facade systems, including aesthetic standards, insulation and other criteria. And other ideas that we will address in this article.
Nonlinear deformation of concrete structure elements taking into account compensation grouting and fracturing
Authors: Kuznetsova Irine , Berezhnoi Dmitri , Ekhsayem Duaa , Laalai Faicel
Published: October 2023

A formulation of the problem of compensatory injection was implemented using consistent equations of the elastic geometrically nonlinear three-dimensional theory. Algorithm for numerical solution was developed within the framework of the finite element method. A technique had been developed for the processes of crack formation in elements with prestressed reinforced polymer composite. A model problem was solved and comparison with experimental data was made.
Professional becoming: Future environmental engineers’ social representations
Authors: Mikhaylova Alla , Kokodey Tatiana , Adonina Larisa
Published: October 2023

The objective of the paper is to answer the question how students-future environmental engineers define their practice through the analysis of their social representations of acmeology and its influence on professional becoming. Two methods of research were used by us: theoretical analysis and diagnostic tests. It is stated that social representation is an “environment” in relation to the person/group. The professional becoming and acmeology representation constitutes a concept simultaneously hybrid and frame in an area of studies, the social psychology that has been constructed from the interdisciplinary nature. Social representation gives a possibility to comprehend professional mobility understanding. The concept of the social representations was characterized, the understanding of which by future environmental engineers was analyzed in given article. The social representation issue of professional becoming and acmeology designates a particular knowledge form. We have analyzed the understanding of social representation of professional becoming by students. Two methods of research were used by us: theoretical analysis and diagnostic tests. Students of 1-4 courses of the training direction “Technosphere safety” took part in the surveys. In conclusion it is stated that social representation professional becoming and acmeology could provide an increasing of future environmental engineers’ professional interests, as well using personality resources for success achievements within professional activity.
Normalisation of macro-roughness of road and bridge pavements based on natural harmonic analysis
Authors: Valiev Sh.N. , Kamenskikh A.N. , Kochetkov A.V. , Chizhikov I.A.
Published: October 2023

The paper proposes new methods of normalisation of geometrical parameters of macro-roughness of road and bridge pavements on the basis of natural harmonic analysis (in development of Fourier series application), applied, among others, for steel-reinforced concrete and metal orthotropic slabs of bridge structures.
Study of traffic noise exposure on street and road networks in a megapolis
Authors: Sippel Irina , Magdin Kirill , Evtyukov Stanislav
Published: October 2023

The article analyses the regularities of the acoustic impact of motor transport on the inhabited territory of a large city. It is noted that noise from motor transport has a noticeable negative impact on human health, especially in large cities, industrial centres and transport hubs. The results of field research on automobile noise level are presented in sections of a road network of a large city characterised by a high level of road accidents. Accident sites are shown to be characterised by high values of the equivalent level of sound and exposure to traffic noise. The values of equivalent sound level in the investigated sections during the period of maximum intensity of traffic significantly exceed the maximum permissible level. Exposure values of vehicular noise to which road users as well as residents of nearby neighbourhoods are exposed on the studied sections of the street and road network vary in the range from 1-3 to 320 Pa2∙s. The results of the correlation and regression analysis are presented. Measures are proposed to reduce the degree of acoustic load caused by road transport in the residential area.
Experimental studies of pantograph head suspension equipped with controlled pneumatic elements
Authors: Sidorov Oleg , Smerdin Aleksandr , Mikhailov Mikhail , Ermachkov Gleb
Published: October 2023

The article describes factors which affect the panhead elastic elements performance during their operation. An analysis of these factors shows the need to use elastic elements with a controlled static characteristic at constant stiffness to ensure reliable current collection. The existing controlled pneumatic elements used in the panhead suspension of electric rolling stock are considered. Authors offer to use intra-spring pneumatic elements in panhead suspension. A study of the interaction of a pantograph and an overhead contact line is described. A methodology for experimental studies of pantographs equipped with controlled elastic elements in a head suspension has been developed. The experimental oscillation test system is described. An experiment was carried out according to the developed experiment design. The obtained data allow to build a regression model that characterises the standard deviation of the contact force on the frequency of vertical oscillations generated by the contact wire, the static force of the pantograph and the pressure in the intra-spring pneumatic element. The results of experimental studies indicate the preservation of the stiffness of the intra-spring pneumatic element within its static characteristics.
Methodological approaches evolution to container trains design with differentiated length
Authors: Moskvichev Oleg , Moskvicheva Elena , Vasilyev Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

The current limitations of sustainable growth of railway container traffic at the present stage are analysed. The article analyses the main organisational and technological parameters of container trains on the Russian railway network and the requirements for their implementation. It is revealed that strict compliance with the requirements to form a container train of unified length of 71 conventional wagons does not always meet the requirements of commodity owners and does not improve the conditions of supply of their products. On the other hand, in the conditions of a deficit of throughput capacities of the railway infrastructure in some directions, there is a need to increase the length of container trains up to 114-140 conventional wagons. Within the framework of the development of methodological approaches to the establishment of expedient organisational and technological requirements for the assignment of container trains, a classifier of solutions for sorting of container trains of differentiated lengths based on the technical and economic characteristics of a particular railway direction has been developed. The application of the original classifier will increase the validity of the organisation of container trains of differentiated length, taking into account the growth of commercial attractiveness of the transport service for goods owners and economic efficiency for the railway carrier and the organisers of container trains.
Biomarker der Transplantatabstoßung
Authors: Stocker Felix
Published: October 2023

Nach Nierentransplantation ist eine lebenslange Nachsorge mit Monitoring hinsichtlich einer Organabstoßung erforderlich. Die derzeit gängigen Untersuchungen von Blut, Urin oder Gewebe sind wenig sensitiv, unspezifisch oder sehr invasiv. Klinisch besteht ein Bedarf an spezifischen Biomarkern, welche eine Abstoßung frühzeitig und verlässlich anzeigen. Ein aktueller Review beleuchtet die diagnostische Wertigkeit von zellfreier Spender-DNA als Biomarker für eine Transplantatabstoßung in 4 klinischen Szenarien.
„Fürs Baby aus Wolle und Stoff“
– ein „Hybrid-Ratgeber“ für junge Mütter
aus den 1960er-Jahren
Authors: David Matthias , Ebert Andreas D.
Published: October 2023

„Mutter und Kind genießen die besondere Fürsorge der
Gesellschaft in unserem Arbeiter- und Bauernstaat. Unsere sozialistische
Ordnung sichert jeder Frau eine glückliche Mutterschaft und
staatliche Hilfe bei der Erziehung der Kinder. Das ist festgelegt im
„Gesetz über den Mutter- und Kinderschutz die Rechte der
Frau…“ (1, siehe
auch 2).
Mechanische Kreislaufunterstützung im Schock
Authors: Rottmann Felix A. , Michels Guido , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid L.
Published: October 2023

Mechanische Kreislaufunterstützungssysteme (engl. Mechanical Circulatory Support, MCS) haben in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmende Bedeutung in der akutmedizinischen Therapie des kritisch
kranken Patienten im Schock erlangt. Aktuell stehen in Europa verschiede Systeme zur Verfügung, die sich in Wirkweise und Einsatzgebiet signifikant unterscheiden. Neben den
MCS-Charakteristika und der Zentrumsexpertise sind aber auch Patientencharakteristika für die Auswahl des richtigen MCS zu beachten. Unterschiedliche Schockformen fordern eine differenzierte
Therapie, je nach Ätiologie des Schocks und seiner hämodynamischen Akzentuierung (so braucht z. B. ein infarktbedingter kardiogener Schock mit führendem Linksherzversagen eine andere
Therapie als ein infarktbedingter kardiogener Schock mit führendem Rechtsherzversagen). Die Auswahl des jeweiligen Herzunterstützungssystems richtet sich nach der Pathophysiologie der
zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung. Bisweilen sind Kombinationen von mehreren Unterstützungssystemen erforderlich. Dieser Übersichtsartikel diskutiert die verschiedenen Systeme (extrakorporale
Membranoxygenierung, intraaortale Ballonpumpe, Mikroaxillarpumpe/perkutanes linksventrikuläres Unterstützungssystem, perkutanes rechtsventrikuläres Unterstützungssystem) und deren
Einsatzmöglichkeit im Kontext der verschiedenen Schockformen.
Prähabilitation am Beispiel der vorderen Kreuzbandruptur
– ist sie kosteneffektiv?
Authors: Richter Nina , Kwoka Klaudina , Lüske Jonas , Althaus Annina Eva
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Verletzungen des Bewegungsapparats sind häufige
Ereignisse im Sport. Bedürfen Verletzungen des Bewegungsapparats im
Berufssportbereich einer Behandlung, sind neben dem Berufssportler (Patient)
auch die Leistungserbringer (Ärzte, Therapeuten) und
Kostenträger (im Berufs- bzw. Profisport: die Verwaltungs-
Berufsgenossenschaft, VBG) am Verfahren beteiligt. Wird eine operative Therapie
notwendig, stellt die präoperative körperliche
Funktionsfähigkeit einen wichtigen prognostischen Faktor in Bezug auf
den Genesungsprozess dar. In den letzten Jahren hat die
Prähabilitation – d. h. die
präoperative Verbesserung bzw. Verstärkung der
Körperfunktionen zum Erhalt einer patientenindividuell optimalen
Leistungs- und Funktionsfähigkeit nach einer geplanten Operation
– zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen.

Fragestellung und Zielsetzung In dieser Arbeit werden erstmals die
Auswirkungen der Prähabilitation am Beispiel der vorderen
Kreuzbandruptur aus Sicht aller Beteiligten dargestellt.

Methodik Wir führten eine systematische Literaturrecherche in
PubMed und Embase durch.

Ergebnisse Von den initialen 1.862 Artikeln mussten 1.858 ausgeschlossen
werden. Nur 2 Metaanalysen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Der
häufigste Ausschlussgrund war die ungenügende Qualität
der Veröffentlichung. Die Studien zeigten, dass Patienten, die eine
Prähabilitation erhielten, postoperativ eine höhere Muskelkraft
und besseren Funktionszustand aufwiesen sowie schneller ihr vorheriges
Leistungsniveau (Return to Play) erreichen konnten. Für die
Physiotherapeuten ergab die Prähabilitation einen finanziellen Mehrwert
(994.85 €), sofern die Vergütung der postoperativen
Rehabilitation dadurch nicht gemindert wurde. Für den
Unfallversicherungsträger bedeutete die kürzere Erholungsphase
Kosteneinsparungen durch Verringerung des Verletztengeldes (14.933 € bei
einer Einsparung von 8 Wochen), wenn dadurch das Risiko für erneute oder
Folgeverletzungen nicht steigt.

Diskussion Die Prähabilitation zeigte einen positiven Nutzen
für alle Beteiligten. Sie dient dem Patienten dazu, die
Funktionsfähigkeit zu verbessern und ggf. den Zeitraum bis zur Operation
zu verkürzen. Für den Unfallversicherungsträger stehen
den geringen Kosten der Prähabilitation Einsparmöglichkeiten
gegenüber. Es ist wichtig, die in dieser Arbeit festgestellten positiven
Auswirkungen der Prähabilitation in weiteren Arbeiten zur systematischen
Anwendung der Prähabilitation im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zu
prüfen.

Fazit Bei der Prähabilitation handelt es sich um ein
wissenschaftlich vernachlässigtes Forschungsthema. Die vorliegende
Arbeit stellt (beispielhaft anhand der VKBR) erstmalig ihren Nutzen für
alle Beteiligten (Versicherte bzw. Patienten, Physiotherapeuten und
Versicherungsträger) dar. Die aktuelle Studienlage reicht nicht aus, um
die systematische Anwendung der Prähabilitation im deutschen
Gesundheitssystem zu empfehlen.