bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the effect of temperature downshift onCHOcell growth, antibody titer and product quality by intracellular metabolite profiling and in vivo monitoring of redox state
Authors: Zhu Ziyu , Chen Xiaoqian , Li Wenhao , Zhuang Yingping , Zhao Yuzheng , Wang Guan
Published: May 2023

The strategy of temperature downshift has been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry to improve antibody production and cell‐specific production rate (qp) with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). However, the mechanism of temperature‐induced metabolic rearrangement, especially important intracellular metabolic events, remains poorly understood. In this work, in order to explore the mechanisms of temperature‐induced cell metabolism, we systematically assessed the differences in cell growth, antibody expression, and antibody quality between high‐producing (HP) and low‐producing (LP) CHO cell lines under both constant temperature (37°C) and temperature downshift (37°C→33°C) settings during fed‐batch culture. Although the results showed that low‐temperature culture during the late phase of exponential cell growth significantly reduced the maximum viable cell density (p < 0.05) and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, this temperature downshift led to a higher cellular viability and increased antibody titer by 48% and 28% in HP and LP CHO cell cultures, respectively (p < 0.001), and favored antibody quality reflected in reduced charge heterogeneity and molecular size heterogeneity. Combined extra‐ and intra‐cellular metabolomics analyses revealed that temperature downshift significantly downregulated intracellular glycolytic and lipid metabolic pathways while upregulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and particularly featured upregulated glutathione metabolic pathways. Interestingly, all these metabolic pathways were closely associated with the maintenance of intracellular redox state and oxidative stress‐alleviating strategies. To experimentally address this, we developed two high‐performance fluorescent biosensors, denoted SoNar and iNap1, for real‐time monitoring of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen (NAD+/NADH) ratio and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) amount, respectively. Consistent with such metabolic rearrangements, the results showed that temperature downshift decreased the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio, which might be ascribed to the re‐consumption of lactate, and increased the intracellular NADPH amount (p < 0.01) to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the increased metabolic requirements for high‐level expression of antibody. Collectively, this study provides a metabolic map of cellular metabolic rearrangement induced by temperature downshift and demonstrates the feasibility of real‐time fluorescent biosensors for biological processes, thus potentially providing a new strategy for dynamic optimization of antibody production processes.
Preparation of Stereo‐Divergent Compounds from the Natural Product Drupacine Based on Complexity‐to‐Diversity Strategy
Authors: Li Yalin , Cai Yuxing , Pan Xingyu , Dong Junyi , Tan Yuhang , Zeng Huiling , Yu Zhanpeng , Chen Chen , Kong Lingyi , Luo Jianguang
Published: May 2023

The Complexity‐to‐Diversity (CtD) strategy was applied to synthesize a 23‐member compound collection from the natural product drupacine, including 21 novel compounds. An unusual benzo [d] cyclopenta [b] azepin skeleton was constructed by Von Braun reaction to cleave C−N bond of drupacine. Moreover, compound 10 has potential cytotoxicity to human colon cancer cells with low toxicity to the normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell lines.
Unveiling Photodegradation and Photosensitization Mechanisms of Unconjugated Pterins
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Corral Inés
Published: May 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Enrique M. Arpa (Linköping University) and Inés Corral (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). The image depicts two examples where pterin chemistry is relevant, the wing coloration of some butterflies and the cytotoxic action in vitiligo. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300519.
Recalling‐enhanced recurrent neural network optimized with wood pecker mating algorithm for brain tumor classification
Authors: Suganthy M. , Ashok S. , Uma Maheswari A. , Subha T. D.
Published: May 2023

Brain tumors are caused by the uncontrollable division and proliferation of abnormal cell groupings inside or around the brain. This cell grouping affects the function of brain activities and destroys healthy cells. Several methods have been used to detect the brain tumor, but none of the methods present adequate accuracy and increasing computational time. To overcome these issues, this article proposes recalling‐enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN) optimized with woodpecker mating algorithm for brain tumor classification (BTC) to accurately classify the four types of brain tumors, namely, glioma, meningioma, pituitary gland, and normal. The brain MRI images are collected from Brats MRI image data set. The simulation is activated in MATLAB. From the simulation, the proposed BTC‐RE‐RNN–WMA achieves better accuracy 29.98%, 26.74%, 33.27%, higher precision 19.24%, 34.82%, 26.92%, when comparing to the existing models, such as efficient identification with categorization of brain tumor utilizing kernel based SVM for MRI (BTC‐KSVM‐HHO), combined training of two‐channel deep neural network for brain tumor categorization (BTC‐JT‐TCDNN), improved structure for brain tumor analysis utilizing MRI depending on YOLOv2 with convolutional neural network (BTC‐YOLOv2‐CNN) methods.
Reactivity of a Cationic Bismuth Amide towards Unsymmetric Heterocumulenes
Authors: Oberdorf Kai , Grenzer Patrick , Pfister Pauline , Hanft Anna , Rempel Anna , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: May 2023

Invited for this month′s cover is the Lichtenberg group of the Philipps‐University Marburg (Germany). The front cover picture shows “bismuth” dressed in colors reminiscent of those found on the surface of this element. In the graphic, bismuth is craving for soft ice cream. This represents the preference of Lewis acidic bismuth centers for soft donor atoms, as demonstrated in the insertion of heterocumulenes into the Bi–N bond of a cationic bismuth amide. More information can be found in the Research Article by Crispin Lichtenberg and co‐workers.
Agronomic consequences of growing field‐transplanted hybrid potato seedlings
Authors: Kacheyo Olivia C. , de Vries Michiel E. , van Dijk Luuk C. M. , Schneider Hannah M. , Struik Paul C.
Published: May 2023

The introduction of hybrid breeding in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) requires novel and efficient cropping systems for potato production based on true potato seed (TPS). Such systems address the limitations of conventional seed tuber–based systems, including low multiplication rates, high degeneration rates, and high costs of transport and storage. Of the possible cultivation pathways of TPS, we introduce and discuss the potential of field transplanting nursery‐raised potato seedlings as an alternative system for seed and ware production. This review discusses the current knowledge available on field transplanting of potato seedlings, the key factors that influence the success or failure of the system, and some of the prospective factors that will influence the wide introduction and utilization of field transplanting of potato seedlings in diverse farming systems. A field transplanting system will require the successful production of seedlings in the nursery, a successful establishment of transplanted seedlings in the field, and successful crop management to attain a productive seed or ware crop. The contribution of various factors in the various phases of the system to the success of the transplanted crop is also discussed. The introduction and utilization of the field transplanting system will be accelerated when hybrid breeding focuses on the introgression of traits of interest into high yielding cultivars and when agronomic studies focus on defining factors influencing productivity in distinct phases of the system.
Photo‐Induced C1 Substitution Using Methanol as a C1 Source
Authors: Li Hongmei , Li Chao , Liu Wei , Yao Yanling , Li Yuanhua , Zhang Bing , Qiu Chuntian
Published: May 2023

The development of sustainable and efficient C1 substitution methods is of central interest for organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals production, the methylation motifs bound to a carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen atom widely exist in natural products and top‐selling drugs. In the past decades, a number of methods involving green and inexpensive methanol have already been disclosed to replace industrial hazardous and waste‐generating C1 source. Among the various efforts, photochemical strategy is considered as a “renewable” alternative that shows great potential to selectively activate methanol to achieve a series of C1 substitutions at mild conditions, typically C/N‐methylation, methoxylation, hydroxymethylation, and formylation. Herein the recent advances in selective transformation of methanol to various C1 functional groups via well‐designed photochemical systems involving different types of catalysts or not is systematically reviewed. Both the mechanism and corresponding photocatalytic system were discussed and classified on specific methanol activation models. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives are proposed.
Urban mosquito distributions are modulated by socioeconomic status and environmental traits in the USA
Authors: Yitbarek Senay , Chen Kelvin , Celestin Modeline , McCary Matthew
Published: May 2023

The distribution of mosquitoes and associated vector diseases (e.g., West Nile, dengue, and Zika viruses) is likely to be a function of environmental conditions in the landscape. Urban environments are highly heterogeneous in the amount of vegetation, standing water, and concrete structures covering the land at a given time, each having the capacity to influence mosquito abundance and disease transmission. Previous research suggests that socioeconomic status is correlated with the ecology of the landscape, with lower‐income neighborhoods generally having more concrete structures and standing water via residential abandonment, garbage dumps, and inadequate sewage. Whether these socioecological factors affect mosquito distributions across urban environments in the USA remains unclear. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of 42 paired observations from 18 articles testing how socioeconomic status relates to the overall mosquito burden in urban landscapes in the USA. We also analyzed how socioecological covariates (e.g., abandoned buildings, vegetation, education, and garbage containers) varied across socioeconomic status in the same mosquito studies. The meta‐analysis revealed that lower‐income neighborhoods (regions with median household incomes <US$50,000 per household per year) are exposed to 63% greater mosquito densities and mosquito‐borne illnesses compared with higher‐income neighborhoods (≥US$50,000 per household per year). One common species of urban mosquito (Aedes aegypti) showed the strongest relationship with socioeconomic status, with Ae. aegypti being 126% higher in low‐income than high‐income neighborhoods. We also found that certain socioecological covariates correlated with median household income. Garbage, trash, and plastic containers were found to be 67% higher in low‐income neighborhoods, whereas high‐income neighborhoods tended to have higher levels of education. Together, these results indicate that socioecological factors can lead to disproportionate impacts of mosquitoes on humans in urban landscapes. Thus, concerted efforts to manage mosquito populations in low‐income urban neighborhoods are required to reduce mosquito burden for the communities most vulnerable to human disease.
The experiences of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with gestational diabetes mellitus: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Haigh Claire , Lau Hiu Wing Rachel , Weir Tessa , Glastras Sarah
Published: May 2023

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is experienced at a higher rate in women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the experiences of women with GDM from CALD backgrounds and compare their experiences to women with GDM from non‐CALD backgrounds.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, WOS and CINAHL databases were searched for qualitative and quantitative studies which included data on the experiences of CALD background women with GDM during all stages of pregnancy. Quality appraisal utilized checklists for analytical cross‐sectional studies and qualitative research. Thematic analysis was performed using nVivo software.

Results

Of the 3054 studies identified, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis produced five key themes: (1) Response to diagnosis, (2) Experiences with self‐management, (3) Interactions with the healthcare system, (4) Mental health challenges and (5) Facilitators and barriers to support. Women with GDM from CALD and non‐CALD backgrounds similarly expressed mental health challenges, feeling burdened by recommendations, and challenges interacting with healthcare professionals (HCP). The major difference in experience was the cultural relevance of recommendations, especially related to diet recommendations.

Conclusion

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a burdensome diagnosis for CALD and non‐CALD women, with CALD women uniquely experiencing a lack of culturally relevant recommendations for self‐management. The similarities and differences in experience call for optimisation of GDM management and support for women with GDM.
Polyphenols in food industry, nano‐based technology development and biological properties: An overview
Authors: Omidfar Fatemeh , Gheybi Fatemeh , Zareian Mohsen , Karimi Ehsan
Published: May 2023

There is a growing interest in bioactive compounds particularly polyphenols as dietary sources, food ingredients with several putative beneficial activities such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of plant‐derived phenolic compounds can substantially help develop solutions and technologies to better control and alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and consequently cancer. Studies have indicated that the loading of natural phytoconstituents into appropriate nanoparticles can develop and broaden biological applications. There is a wide range of applications derived from nanotechnology and nanomedicine through developing the packaging, preservation, and bioavailability of natural phytochemical. The present paper provides an overview and highlight on the importance and potential of natural polyphenols particularly in food and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, nanotechnology approaches, bioavailability, and potential adverse effects are also discussed.
Modified rice husk hydrochars enhanced surfactant leaching remediation of phenanthrene pyrene contaminated soil
Authors: Ma Jingyi , Zhang Fan , Wang Xi , Wang Xing , Jia Nan , Li Yongkuan , Xu Shihong , Li Dengxin
Published: May 2023

The adsorption capacity of soil itself makes it difficult to efficiently remove phenanthrene and pyrene from soil by direct leaching. In this article, hydrochar was introduced into the leaching process after modification, and the enhanced leaching effect of hydrothermal carbon was explored under various influencing factors. The experimental results show that the modified hydrochar competes with the soil for adsorption during the leaching process, promotes the desorption of pollutants and adsorbs some pollutants in the leaching solution, which greatly enhances the leaching effect. The elution of phenanthrene increased from 64.06% to 91.08% and of pyrene from 70.26% to 91.13% under the optimum enhanced drenching conditions. This work provides some new ideas for the removal of PAHs from the natural soil environment.
Triaxial shake table testing of an integrated low‐damage building system
Authors: Pampanin Stefano , Ciurlanti Jonathan , Bianchi Simona , Perrone Daniele , Granello Gabriele , Palmieri Michele , Grant Damian N. , Palermo Alessandro , Costa Alfredo Campos , Candeias Paulo X. , Correia António A.
Published: May 2023

Lessons from recent earthquakes have provided a tough reality check of the traditional seismic design approach and technologies, highlighting the urgent need for a paradigm shift of performance‐based design criteria and objectives toward low‐damage design philosophy and technologies for the whole building system. Modern society is asking for “earthquake proof” resilient buildings that are able to withstand seismic events without compromising their functionality. The EU‐funded SERA (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe Project) project discussed in this paper provided the opportunity to develop and validate within the European context an integrated seismic low‐damage prototype, including main structure and non‐structural elements, for the next generation of high‐performance buildings. This paper presents an overview of the research, involving three‐dimensional shake table tests of a two‐storey 1:2 scaled timber‐concrete post‐tensioned dissipative low‐damage structure “dressed” by earthquake‐resistant gypsum/masonry partitions and glass/concrete facades. Specimen details, construction and assembly phases, test setup, and experimental results are discussed. After many cycles of input motions at increasing levels of seismic intensity (higher than Collapse Prevention Limit State), the integrated building system exhibited a very high seismic performance. The experimental campaign carried out at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering in Lisbon confirmed the unique potential of low‐damage technologies and the opportunity for their widespread implementation into design practice.
Experimental study of direct contact condensation of spent vapor in a cocurrent flow packed tower under negative pressure
Authors: Yu Xufeng , Guo Feng , Peng Dingkun , Huang Qunwu
Published: May 2023

Condensers are often required in power generation systems to condense the exhaust steam generated at the end of the turbine. This paper will investigate the enhanced condensation process of spent steam in a parallel flow type. The operating parameters of steam temperature (Tcond), steam flow rate (Gin), cooling water temperature (Tin), and cooling water flow rate (Lw) will affect the condensation effect by changing the gas–liquid arrangement in the tower. In this experiment, an orthogonal test was designed in the Raschig ring to investigate the significance of these four operating parameters on the experimental results. Different types of packings have different condensation effects due to different accumulation methods. The same type of packing has a different surface area, resulting in different contact areas between the gas and liquid phases during condensation. In this experiment, four different packings will be investigated to find their condensation performance. This paper uses the size of subcooling (ΔT) as an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of condensation, and the values of condensation rate (R), number of liquid phase heat transfer units (NTUL), and total volume heat transfer coefficient (Kv) are used as a reference for the effectiveness of condensation. The results show that the overall condensation effect of regular packing is better than that of random packing, The average condensation rate of regular packing is 95%, the average condensation rate of random packing is 90%, the subcooling of regular packing is about three to five smaller than that of random packing, the heat transfer coefficient of regular packing is about 1.5 times of that of random packing. And by fitting the Kv data for different packings, an empirical formula was obtained that can be used to predict the Kv size of other packings.
Study on combustion performance of microgas turbine combustor with different fuels
Authors: Liu Aiguo , Liu Qiaochu , Wang Xinci , Xi Lei , Liu Kai
Published: May 2023

A low‐pollution single‐tube microgas turbine combustor using different gas fuels was studied. The combustion performance of two kinds of landfill gas and natural gas was tested in a single‐head combustor. The effects of fuel nozzle position, and the fuel distribution ratio between pilot and main combustion stage on pollutant emission were investigated under rated load condition. The flow field, temperature field, and pollutant generation characteristics with different fuel nozzle diameters and nozzle positions were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that: the combustor can form an obvious central recirculation zone, which is convenient for ignition and stable flame propagation; in the case of limited premixed length, the influence of fuel nozzle position on fuel–air mixing uniformity is less obvious than that of fuel nozzle diameter. The fuel–air mixing uniformity plays a decisive role in the temperature field and the generation of pollutants in the combustor. The combustor has good pollutant emission characteristics, and the NOx emission can be reduced to about 10 ppmv (15% O2 concentration) under the appropriate combination of fuel nozzle diameter and position, which provides a reference for the further optimization of low‐emission combustor.
Environmental, economic, and social impact of five COP26 policies: A computable general equilibrium analysis for Canada
Authors: Zahedi Rahim , Aslani Alireza
Published: May 2023

Along with the main objective of politicians, other economic variables are variously affected by the environmental taxes, policies, and limitations like a price on pollution, clean electricity, the cap on emissions, methane emissions, and nature‐based solutions. The objective of the environmental solutions is to decrease pollutant emissions and energy consumption while reducing labor costs and taxes as the incentives for creating new occupations. An overall equilibrium model was considered in the present study as a nonlinear equations system, which was calibrated for the reference year of 2018 utilizing Canada's economy's data table. The effects of utilizing these environmental policies considered by Canada in COP26 are examined. In all scenarios, minimum, maximum, and optimum values for reducing pollutant emissions are calculated under these policies. According to the simulation results, welfare is reduced by the price of pollution policy. Moreover, the actual consumed budget of the household is reduced by 8%. However, such indices will be incremented by 2% in the nature‐based policy. In all scenarios, the gross domestic product is decreased. However, in the methane emission policy, this reduction is 1.05% in the lowest state. In all scenarios, the consumer price index will be incremented by 3.8%–9.8%. It is concluded that the clean electricity policy is an appropriate policy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time adhering to international commitments.
Daily to centennial behavior of aseismic slip along the central section of the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Jolivet Romain , Jara Jorge , Dalaison Manon , Rouet-Leduc Bertrand , Özdemir Alpay , Dogan Ugur , Çakir Ziyadin , Ergintav Semih , Dubernet Pierpaolo
Published: May 2023

Slow, aseismic slip plays a crucial role in the initiation, propagation
and arrest of large earthquakes along active faults. In addition,
aseismic slip controls the budget of elastic strain in the crust, hence
the amount of energy available for upcoming earthquakes. The conditions
for slow slip include specific material properties of the fault zone,
pore fluid pressure and geometrical complexities of the fault plane.
Fine scale descriptions of aseismic slip at the surface and at depth are
key to determine the factors controlling the occurrence of slow,
aseismic versus rapid, seismic fault slip. We focus on the spatial and
temporal distribution of aseismic slip along the North Anatolian Fault,
the plate boundary accommodating the 2 cm/yr of relative motion between
Anatolia and Eurasia. Along the eastern termination of the rupture trace
of the 1944 M7.3 Bolu-Gerede earthquake lies a segment that slips
aseismically since at least the 1950’s. We use Sentinel 1 time series of
displacement and GNSS data to provide a spatio-temporal description of
the kinematics of fault slip. We show that aseismic slip observed at the
surface is coincident with a shallow locking depth and that slow slip
events with a return period of 2.5 years are restricted to a specific
section of the fault. In the light of historical measurements, we
discuss potential rheological implications of our results and propose a
simple alternative model to explain the local occurrence of shallow
aseismic slip at this location.
Flavor profile of “Dao Ban Xiang” (a traditional dry‐cured meat product in Chinese Huizhou cuisine) at different processing stages in winter and summer
Authors: Zhu Hanlin , Li Ping , Wang Lin , Huang Qianli , Xu Baocai
Published: May 2023

“Dao Ban Xiang” is a famous traditional Chinese dry‐cured meat product. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the difference in the volatile flavor information of “Dao Ban Xiang” produced in winter and summer. In this study, we determine the physical and chemical properties, free amino acids (FAAs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and volatile compounds in the four processing stages of samples in winter and summer. The content of FAAs decreased significantly during the curing period in winter while increasing steadily in summer. The content of total FFAs increased in both winter and summer, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreased significantly in summer. The characteristic compound in winter samples is hexanal, nonanal, and (E)‐2‐octenal, which may mainly come from the degradation of FAAs, while the characteristic compound in winter samples is hexanal, nonanal, and (E)‐2‐nonenal, which may mainly be derived from the oxidation of FFAs. This study extends our knowledge on flavor from traditional cured meat products at different processing stages in different seasons and could be useful for the standardization of the traditional and regional meat products.
A nested case‐control study of untargeted albumin adductomics and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rahman Mohammad L. , Bassig Bryan A. , Grigoryan Hasmik , Hu Wei , Hosgood H. Dean , Huang Wen‐Yi , Wong Jason Y.Y. , Strickland Paul , Rappaport Stephen M. , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel
Published: May 2023

Environmental exposures often produce reactive electrophiles in vivo, leading to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in carcinogenesis. These electrophiles frequently form adducts with human albumin, which can be measured to assess in vivo oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to examine the associations between circulatory albumin adducts and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common adult myeloid leukemia that showed consistent associations with environmental exposures. We conducted a nested case‐control study of 52 incident AML cases and 103 controls matched on age, sex and race within two prospective cohorts: the CLUE and PLCO studies. We measured 42 untargeted albumin adducts in prediagnostic samples using liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Circulatory albumin adducts were associated with AML in conditional logistic regression models. For instance, higher levels of Cys34 disulfide adduct of the S‐γ‐glutamylcysteine, a precursor of the essential antioxidant, glutathione were associated with a lower risk of AML (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles were 1.0, 0.65 (0.31‐1.36) and 0.31 (0.12‐0.80), respectively (P‐trend = .01). These associations were largely driven by effects present among cases diagnosed at or above the median follow‐up time of 5.5 years. In conclusion, applying a novel approach to characterize exposures in the prediagnostic samples, we found evidence supporting the notion that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Our findings offer insight into AML etiology and may be relevant in identifying novel therapeutic targets.
A rapid and highly sensitive multiple detection of human adenovirus type 3, type 7 and respiratory syncytial virus by recombinase‐aided reverse transcription PCR
Authors: Fan Guohao , He Xiaozhou , Zhang Ruiqing , Tian Fengyu , Sun Xiuli , Zhang Mengyi , Li Fengyu , Shen Xinxin , Ma Xuejun
Published: May 2023

Background

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used for many pathogen detection. However, PCR technology still suffers from long detection time and insufficient sensitivity. Recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA) is a powerful nucleic acid detection tool with high sensitivity and amplification efficiency, but its complex probes and inability of multiplex detection hinder the further application of this technology.

Methods

In this study, we developed and validated the multiplex reverse transcription recombinase‐aided PCR (multiplex RT‐RAP) assay for human adenovirus 3 (HADV3), human adenovirus 7 (HADV7), and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) within 1 h with Human RNaseP protein as a reference gene to monitor the whole process.

Results

Using recombinant plasmids, the sensitivity of multiplex RT‐RAP for the detection of HADV3, HADV7, and HRSV was 18, 3, and 18 copies per reaction, respectively. The multiplex RT‐RAP showed no cross‐reactivity with other respiratory viruses, demonstrating its good specificity. A total of 252 clinical specimens were tested by multiplex RT‐RAP and the results were found to be consistent with those of corresponding RT‐qPCR assays. After testing serial dilutions of selected positive specimens, the detection sensitivity of multiplex RT‐RAP was two to eightfold higher than that of corresponding RT‐qPCR.

Conclusion

We conclude the multiplex RT‐RAP is a robust, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific assay with the potential to be used in the screening of clinical samples with low viral load.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma in Sweden 2000–2020: Increasing rituximab use and better survival in the elderly
Authors: Junlén Henna‐Riikka , Sonnevi Kristina , Lindén Ola , Hellström Mats , Scivetti Mariana Villegas , Olsson Mikael , Tufvesson Ida , Johansson Ann‐Sofie , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt
Published: May 2023

The treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma is debated: splenectomy (the old standard‐of‐care) is better than chemotherapy but maybe not better than rituximab‐containing treatment. We examined all 358 patients diagnosed with splenic marginal zone lymphoma in Sweden 2000–2020. The median overall survival was 11.0 years. The median age was 73 years; 61% were women. Age was the only independently prognostic clinical characteristic. Eighty‐six patients were started on wait‐and‐watch, 90 rituximab monotherapy, 47 rituximab‐chemotherapy, 88 splenectomy, 37 chemotherapy, and 10 both systemic therapy and splenectomy. Overall survival was inferior in patients treated with chemotherapy, but equal in patients treated with rituximab, rituximab‐chemotherapy and splenectomy. Patients treated with both systemic therapy and splenectomy showed good outcome, suggesting that surgery can be safely reserved for nonresponders. After adjustment for age, survival did not differ between patients started on wait‐and‐watch and those treated with splenectomy or rituximab‐containing therapy. Over time, rituximab use and survival increased in patients ≥73 years. This is, to our knowledge, the largest population‐based study of splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients treated with upfront rituximab. We conclude that wait‐and‐watch remains the most reasonable option in asymptomatic splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients. Symptomatic patients should be offered single‐agent rituximab in first line.
A Temporal Instability Measure for fMRI Quality Assurance
Authors: Schmidt Tim , Nagy Zoltán
Published: May 2023

Background

There exist several fMRI quality assurance measures to assess scanner stability. Because they have practical and/or theoretical limitations, a different and more practical measure for instability would be desirable.

Purpose

To develop and test a sensitive, reliable and widely applicable temporal instability measure (TIM) for fMRI quality assurance.

Study Type

Technical development.

Phantom

Spherical gel phantom.

Population

A total of 120 datasets from a local Philips scanner with two different receive‐only head coils (32ch and 8ch, 60 datasets per coil) were collected as well as 29 additional datasets with three different receive‐only head coils (20ch, 32ch, and 64ch) from two additional sites with GE (seven runs with 32ch) and Siemens scanners (seven runs with 32ch and Multiband imaging, five runs with 20ch, 32ch, and 64ch) were borrowed.

Field Strength/Sequence

2D Echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI).

Assessment

A new TIM was proposed that is based on the eigenratio of the correlation coefficient matrix, where each entry of the matrix is a correlation coefficient between two time‐points of the time‐series.

Statistical Tests

Nonparametric bootstrap resampling was used twice to estimate confidence intervals (CI) of the TIM values and to assess the improved sensitivity of this measure. Differences in coil performance were assessed via a nonparametric bootstrap two‐sample t‐test. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The TIM values ranged between 60 parts‐per‐million and 10,780 parts‐per‐million across all 149 experiments. The mean CI was 2.96% and 2.16% for the 120 and 29 fMRI datasets, respectively (the repeated bootstrap analysis gave 2.9% and 2.19%, respectively). The 32ch coils of the local Philips data provided more stable measurements than the 8ch coil (observed two‐sample t‐values = 26.36, −0.2 and −6.2 for TIM, tSNR, and RDC, respectively. PtSNR = 0.58).

Data Conclusion

The proposed TIM is particularly useful for multichannel coils with spatially nonuniform receive sensitivity and overcomes several limitations of other measures. As such, it provides a reliable test for ascertaining scanner stability for fMRI experiments.

Evidence Level

5.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1.
Polymer Membrane‐Based Pervaporation Process for Separating Organic Mixture by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Jiang Chi. , Hou Yingfei.
Published: May 2023

The energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources will lead to the market shrinkage of fuel oil (e.g., gasoline). Separating and transforming fuels to various chemicals is becoming an important research direction. Pervaporation (PV), as a typical membrane‐based separation process, provides a possible way to achieve the above goal. Deep understanding of permeation behavior of organics in polymers is of great importance in designing high‐performance PV membranes. In this work, a molecular dynamics (MD) method is applied to investigate the PV process for separating thiophene (an important sulfur‐containing chemical) from model gasoline mixture at the molecular level. The dissolution–diffusion process and the interaction between different components and membrane material are systematically studied. In addition, the swelling properties of the membrane which determine the stability of separation performance is also investigated at the mesoscopic scale by the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. This work will provide direct insights into PV processes for separating organic mixtures.
Supply chain mapping for improving “visilience”: A hybrid multi‐criteria decision making based methodology
Authors: Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed , Acquaye Adolf , Mubarik Mobashar
Published: May 2023

Supply chain mapping is gaining heightened attention due to its vital role in improving supply chain visibility and resilience. Despite its crucial role in uplifting supply chain resilience, the critical elements of supply chain mapping are yet to be determined. The study adopts a twofold approach to identify and prioritize the dimensions and sub‐dimensions of supply chain (SC) mapping. At the first stage, through an extensive review of literature, 43 sub‐dimensions of SC mapping were identified. In the second stage, Gray ‐ DEMATEL‐based Analytic Network Process (GDANP) was employed by taking the input from 25 experts selected from Oil and Gas industry of an emerging market. The findings reveal three major dimensions of SC mapping followed by 15 sub‐dimensions. Among the dimensions, upstream mapping contains the highest priority weights, followed by midstream and downstream mapping. The findings suggest a step‐wise strategy to adopt SC mapping where upstream mapping should be given the first priority. The major contribution of this study is to develop a framework for measuring the extent of SC mapping of a firm using GDANP.
Singular limit solutions for a four‐dimensional semilinear elliptic Kuramoto–Sivashinsky system in some general case
Authors: Baraket Sami , Dridi Amal , Trabelsi Nihed
Published: May 2023

We consider the existence of singular limit solutions for a nonlinear elliptic Kuramoto–Sivashinsky system with Navier boundary conditions. We use the nonlinear domain decomposition method and a Pohozaev type identity.
Ultra‐wideband directional electrically small antenna for UHF through C‐band 5G and beyond 5G applications
Authors: Yen Songyi , Boskovic Ljubodrag B. , Elmansouri Mohamed A. , Filipovic Dejan S.
Published: May 2023

A semi‐spherical combined transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn and loop antenna is designed for directional ultra‐wideband operation from 0.42 to 6 GHz for 5G and beyond 5G applications across military and commercial sectors. The antenna structure fits within a sphere with 3‐cm radius, thus operating as electrically small over the lower part of the band (ka = 0.5 at 0.795 GHz and ka = 1 at 1.59 GHz). To spread the currents across the volume while maintaining the required relationship between the lowest order TE and TM modes, the loop section is modified to conform with the enclosing minimum sphere. The TEM horn, bowtie, and resistive loading are then tuned to achieve improvement over the conventional topology in the radiation efficiency by >7% when ka = 0.5 and >22% when ka = 1.
Constitutive modelling of unsaturated gold tailings subjected to drying and wetting cycles
Authors: Mofrad Mina , Pouragha Mehdi , Simms Paul
Published: May 2023

The strength and deformation properties of tailing materials are strongly affected by their hydromechanical history including the cycles of desiccation and re‐saturation they undergo due to the often layered deposition process. The current study reviews the fundamental characteristics of some of the commonly used constitutive models for partially saturated soils, namely Barcelona Basic Model (BBM), Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM), and a dilatancy‐based model by Buscarnera and Nova Model (BNM) in predicting the hydromechanical response of tailing materials. In particular, we investigate the strength and shortcomings of each model and compare their capability of capturing the salient trends during drying/wetting cycles, as well as during shearing. Based on comparison with experimental data, modifications are suggested for the models, specifically related to a realistic formulation of the water retention curve and its hysteresis. The results point to a potential trade‐off in the accuracy of the constitutive models in capturing the volumetric responses during the drying/wetting cycles on one hand, and the stiffness and strength characteristics during the shearing phase on the other.
A partitioned combined computational method for multi‐scale dynamic systems
Authors: Yuan Peng , Adhikari Sondipon , Dong You
Published: May 2023

A partitioned/combined computational method based on Newmark scheme is proposed to analyze dynamic systems with different temporal scales and element scales. To effectively filter spurious high‐frequency vibration content and retain the second‐order accuracy simultaneously, Generalized‐α schemes are investigated and incorporated into the proposed method. The proposed method can decompose a complete domain into several independent computational subdomains (≥3), and several independent substructures can be combined into a complete computational structure. The accuracy and stability of responses in different subdomains can be ensured and adjusted by using their own integration parameters and time‐step sizes. The energy conservation property is preserved in the proposed method. Only one calculation is performed at each time step for all subdomains, and computational information exchange between subdomains is only conducted at the system time step, therefore, the computational efficiency is improved significantly compared with the existing multi‐time‐step methods. The derivation process and theoretical demonstration of the proposed method are given in detail. Two representative examples, namely, a single degree of freedom system split into four subdomains and a sandwich beam subjected to high‐frequency impact loads, are studied to systematically demonstrate the proposed method's accuracy, energy properties, and efficiency compared with the existing multi‐time‐step methods.
A snapshot of Australian primary health care nursing workforce characteristics and reasons they work in these settings: A longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Nguyen Van N. B. , Brand Gabrielle , Gardiner Shanthi , Moses Samantha , Collison Lisa , Griffin Ken , Morphet Julia
Published: May 2023

Aim

This article aimed to provide a snapshot of demographics and professional characteristics of nursing and midwifery workforce in Australian primary health care (PHC) settings during 2015–2019 and factors that influenced their decisions to work in PHC.

Design

Longitudinal retrospective survey.

Methods

Longitudinal data that were collected from a descriptive workforce survey were retrieved retrospectively. After collation and cleaning, data from 7066 participants were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 27.0.

Results

The majority of the participants were female, aged between 45 and 64 years old and working in general practice. There was a small yet steady increase in the number of participants in the 25–34 age group and a downward trend in the percentage of postgraduate study completion among participants. While factors perceived most/least important to their decision to work in PHC were consistent during 2015–2019, these factors differed among different age groups and postgraduate qualification holders. This study’s findings are both novel and supported by previous research. It is necessary to tailor recruitment and retention strategies to nurses/midwives’ age groups and qualifications to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified nursing and midwifery workforce in PHC settings.
The dark web trades wildlife, but mostly for use as drugs
Authors: Stringham Oliver C. , Maher Jacob , Lassaline Charlotte R. , Wood Lisa , Moncayo Stephanie , Toomes Adam , Heinrich Sarah , Watters Freyja , Drake Charlotte , Chekunov Sebastian , Hill Katherine G. W. , Decary‐Hetu David , Mitchell Lewis , Ross Joshua V. , Cassey Phillip
Published: May 2023

Contemporary wildlife trade is massively facilitated by the Internet. By design, the dark web is one layer of the Internet that is difficult to monitor and continues to lack thorough investigation.

Here, we accessed a comprehensive database of dark web marketplaces to search across c. 2 million dark web advertisements over 5 years using c. 7 k wildlife trade‐related search terms.

We found 153 species traded in 3332 advertisements (c. 600 advertisements per year). We characterized a highly specialized wildlife trade market, where c. 90% of dark‐web wildlife advertisements were for recreational drugs.

We verified that 68 species contained chemicals with drug properties. Species advertised as drugs mostly comprised of plant species, however, fungi and animals were also traded as drugs. Most species with drug properties were psychedelics (45 species), including one genera of fungi, Psilocybe, with 19 species traded on the dark web. The native distribution of plants with drug properties were clustered in Central and South America. A smaller proportion of trade was for purported medicinal properties of wildlife, clothing, decoration, and as pets.

Synthesis and applications. Our results greatly expand on what wildlife species are currently traded on the dark web and provide a baseline to track future changes. Given the low number of advertisements, we assume current conservation and biosecurity risks of the dark web are low. While wildlife trade is rampant on other layers of the Internet, particularly on e‐commerce and social media sites, trade on the dark web may still increase if these popular platforms are rendered less accessible to traders (e.g., via an increase in enforcement). We recommend focussing on surveillance of e‐commerce and social media sites, but we encourage continued monitoring of the dark web periodically to evaluate potential shifts in wildlife trade across this more occluded layer of the Internet.

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Role of polyaniline/molybdenum trioxide nanocomposites in tuning the characteristics of humidity sensors
Authors: Atkare Sayali , Hambir Shraddha , Jagtap Shweta , Adhikari Arindam , Singh Shammi Kumar , Patel Rajkumar
Published: May 2023

Real time humidity monitoring is crucial in several fields such as pharmaceuticals, electronic device manufacturing, in agricultural irrigation system due to drastic changing climates and so forth. In this work, we studied humidity sensing behavior of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in composition with conductive polyaniline (PAni). The conductive PAni used in the present study was in the emeraldine salt (ES) form and was doped with amino tris‐methylene phosphonic acid (PAni‐ATMPA) as a potential candidate for humidity sensors. PAni‐ATMPA is synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers and ATMPA in the ratio of 1:1. Thus synthesized PAni and hydrothermally synthesized MoO3 were mixed together to form nanocomposites. The synthesized composites were then used to fabricate planar sensors on alumina substrate with pre‐deposited silver electrodes. XRD analysis of synthesized MoO3 shows an orthorhombic crystal structure whereas synthesized PAni shows amorphous nature. FESEM analysis of synthesized MoO3 shows sheet‐type morphology. Different compositions of MoO3:PAni were prepared by varying MoO3 and PAni wt%. The fabricated sensors were then tested over the range of 20%–90% RH and concluded that the sensitivity of the composite is seen to be higher for the composite with 20% PANi and 80% MoO3 with response time, recovery time and the linearity 7 s, 4 s, 13–62 RH% respectively. The above mentioned parameters are found to be improved in the composites as a result of PAni addition to MoO3 than the pristine MoO3. The experimental knowledge demonstrates that the films showed good repeatability (with and reproducibility (with uncertainty). Altogether, these results indicate that it is possible to tune the humidity sensing characteristics by optimizing the amount of MoO3 and PAni in MoO3:PAni composite.