bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modality Discrepancy Reduction for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification under Complete Modality Missing
Authors: Zhang Ning , Ge Wenhang , Tang Hong , Wu Juan
Published: March 2024

Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to match person images across non-overlapping camera views. Most of existing methods focus on short-time and small-scale surveillance systems in which each person is captured in multiple camera views of adjacent scenes in a short time span. However, in long-term and large-scale surveillance systems covering larger areas and spanning different time duration, existing methods tend to fail. Specifically, when light condition is extremely dark, the camera automatically switches to infrared mode. Matching across infrared images and RGB images is difficult due to the large appearance difference. Meanwhile, since most pedestrians appear in limited local areas and fixed time, it is difficult to collect training images of the same person under both infrared and RGB mode.
Hence, a model is required to match person images cross modality under a complete modality missing condition.
In this work, we study intra-modality supervised person re-identification under complete modality missing, which uses cross-modality unpaired data with intra-modality identity labels for training.
It is challenging as cross-modality paired data plays an important role for learning modality-invariant representation in most existing Re-ID methods.
To learn modality-invariant representation from cross-modality unpaired training data, we first introduce a strong baseline with a dual-head cross-entropy loss and a multi-modality negative loss, aiming to alleviate cross-modality contrast and enhance intra-modality contrast. Then, we propose a residual modality alleviation network and a shape-guided consistency learning loss to further alleviate cross-modality representation discrepancy. The experiments are conducted in the complete modality missing setting on SYSY-MM01 and RegDB datasets. The evaluation results demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Reshapes Gut Microbes and Modulates L- kynurenine Metabolism to Decrease Susceptibility to Heroin Addiction in Mice
Authors: He Qiuyue , Zhang Yuhang , Ma Yantuanjin , Deng Xingli , Zhang Hongqing , Zhang Yizhi , Qian Yuan
Published: March 2024

Heroin addiction is a public health problem that currently poses a serious threat to human health and a global concern. Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the most widely researched probiotics and has been applied to the treatment of multiple psychiatric disorders. We aimed to explore the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus alleviated heroin addiction based on the gut microbiome and metabolism. Firstly, we assessed the effect of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus intervention on the heroin addiction process using a conditioned positional preference experiment (CPP) and results showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus significantly reduced and delayed the heroin addiction susceptibility and extent. We further assessed the impact of gut microbiota on heroin-addicted mice treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus. We found that the gut microbiota of heroin-addicted mice was disturbed, characterized by an increase in α-diversity and a decrease in β-diversity, a disproportionate level of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, with a higher abundance of Actinomycetes. Lactobacillus rhamnosus significantly restored gut microbiota diversity in mice, increasing the abundance of Firmicutes, and decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced the numbers of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter and Enterorhabdus and expanded the relative abundance of helpful bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, we examined the metabolic alterations in the intestine, serum and the cortex of heroin-addicted mice separately and found out biomarkers. Notably, our study found that L-kynurenine, a key marker, showed similar trends in the gut, serum, and cerebral cortex. L-kynurenine was decreased in heroin-addicted mice, and intervention by Lactobacillus rhamnosus reversed this shift, leading to speculation that L-kynurenine may play as a key mediator of the brain-gut axis. In conclusion, our study indicated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus potentially alleviated heroin addiction by altering gut flora and metabolic disturbances.
The incidence of radiologically verified community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation in adults living in southern Sweden, 2016 - 2018: a population-based study
Authors: Rünow Elisabeth , Valeur Frida , Torisson Gustav , Hansen Karin , Theilacker Christian , Riesbeck Kristian , Ahl Jonas
Published: March 2024

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of death in the European Union in 2017. Old age is associated with CAP severity and mortality, and an aging European population will require increased planning for prevention, control, and management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated population-based incidence estimate of CAP requiring hospitalization in northern Europe and describe its clinical features.
Method
Adults residing in southern Sweden admitted between September 2016 and September 2018 with radiographically confirmed CAP and a primary discharge diagnosis consistent with pneumonia were identified by retrospective medical chart review. Incidence rates were stratified by age and sex.
Results
Of 3526 patients with an ICD-10 pneumonia and COPD primary discharge code, 1575 (45%) also had radiologic findings consistent with pneumonia. The crude incidence rate of CAP requiring hospitalization was 259 (95% CI: 246–272) and age-standardized rate was 294 (280–309) per 100,000 person-years. Among those aged 80 and older, hospitalization rate was 17 times higher vs those aged 18–64 years, yielding an IRR 17.4 15.4–19.7). Males aged ≥ 80 years had a 57% increased risk of CAP requiring hospitalization compared to women ≥ 80 years, resulting in an IRR of 1.57 (1.33–1.85). The lowest in-hospital case-fatality risk was among the 18–64 years group 3,4% (n = 16), and highest among those ≥80 years 8.1% (n = 46).
Conclusion
We found that the incidence and mortality of CAP requiring hospitalization in adults are considerable. Therefore, targeting preventive measures to older and comorbid patients are needed.
Frequency of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile among cancer patients with gastrointestinal complaints in an adult hematology-oncology unit: contributing factors and Follow up
Authors: Esmaeili Faranak , Arjomandzadegan Mohammad , Zaboli Fatemeh , Sarmadian Hossein , Shabani Shiva
Published: March 2024

Background: Cancer patients are particularly at risk of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection as a considerable healthcare burden and common cause of nosocomial diarrhea.
Objectives:This study aimed to investigate risk factors and microbiological follow up of Clostridioides difficile(C. difficile)among hospitalized hematology-oncology patients in central part of Iran.
Materials and Methods:
From 1100 patients who were diagnosed with cancer receiving radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,70 patients with clinical signs of gastrointestinal complications were entered in the study for microbiological and risk factors evaluations. Clinical and microbiological follow up were performed for 8cancer patients with positive CDI. Rapid diagnostic test for in-vitro detection of C.difficile antigen was performed by commercial kit.The specimens were cultured in selective enrichment culture CCFA(Cefoxitin-cycloserine-fructose agar) in anaerobic conditions. The suspicious colonies were recultured on Brucella Blood agar and were characterized. PCR reaction was conducted for precision detection of C. difficile by evaluation of the presence of triose phosphate isomerase (tpi)gene. Toxin profiles among clinical isolates were determined by PCR.
Results
From all 70 studied patients, around all of them had diarrhea,50% abdominal pain,15% nausea and vomiting and 35% fever as clinical symptoms and C. difficile was isolated from 16(22.8%) cases. The most common cancer observed in the 16 cases was colon cancer(60.2%) followed by16.6% stomach cancer. Thirteen(81.2%) patients with diarrhea compared with 3(18.8%) patients without diarrhea were positive for C. difficile(P<0.001). Not differences were detected based on age and diarrhea in patients(P.0.03).
In follow up of 8 cancer patients, clinical symptoms evaluation revealed that the signs were changed from the first to tertiary sampling as fever, diarrhea and painful tummy cramps to normal situation, respectively. Microbiological follow up revealed that thickly slime form containing gram positive rods in first sample will destroyed in secondary stool tests and changed to gram negative without slime situation in tertiary samples.
All of the isolates were toxigenic and possessed genes encoding for toxins A and/or B.
Conclusions
Results showed that C.difficile can caused gastrointestinal complaints in cancer patients in our study. We underscore the necessity for early diagnosis of this pathogen in oncology patients. Further studies are recommended for the treatment and prevention of C.difficile infection in oncology wards.
Satellite image segmentation using Unet++ andMobileNetV2 deep learning model
Authors: Lokula Babitha , Tirumuri Ramakrishna , V Narasimha Prasad L
Published: March 2024

Satellite image segmentation plays a pivotal role in extracting valuable information for applications like ,disaster management, environmental monitoring and land cover classification. In this work, a comprehensive approach for satellite image segmentation utilizing a fusion of UNet++ architecture and the lightweight MobileNetv2 encoder deep learning model is proposed. The UNet++ architecture, an extension of the widely adopted UNet, is employed for its ability to capture hierarchical features and enhance segmentation performance. Integrating MobileNet as the encoder provides computational efficiency, making the model well-suited for resource-constrained environments, such as satellite image analysis on edge devices. The proposed model leverages the strengths of both architectures, combining the expressive power of UNet++ with the efficiency of MobileNet. Extensive experiments are conducted on a diverse satellite image dataset, evaluating the model's segmentation accuracy, computational efficiency, and generalization capability. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving accurate and efficient satellite image segmentation, making it a promising solution for real-world applications in remote sensing and geospatial analysis.
Tobacco Smoking Effect on Chronic Respiratory Disease Death Rates: A Study Done in Asian and European Regions
Authors: De Silva Roshinie , Piumika Lakindu , Silva Disuri , Abeysekera Isuri , Jayathilaka Ruwan , Rajamanthri Lochana , Wickramaarachchi Colinie
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyse the effect that the Smoking Prevalence (SP) has on the Chronic Respiratory Disease Death Rates (CRDDR) during the period from 1990 to 2019 when the countries situated in the Asian and European region are considered.
Study design: Quantitative data analysis was conducted using polynomial regression equations.
Methods: A total of 91 countries were identified with 49 countries belonging to the Asian continent and 42 countries belonging to the European continent, and six countries were selected by examining the change observed between the average CRDDR rates of the first and last five years of the concerned period.
Results: The generated line graph for SP and CRDDR showed a decrease in the age-standardised average rates of all countries for both the continents. However, the second order polynomial regression conducted for the selected countries depicted a significant increase of CRDDR in European countries like Greece, Norway, and Sweden. And a significant increase of SP for Kazakhstan in the Asian region, and the countries Greece, and Montenegro in the European region.
Conclusion: Smoking which is the most common way of tobacco consumption is one of the major risk factors for global CRDDR. Therefore, policies implemented to reduce the prevalence of smoking are necessary at a country level.
Sustainable innovation in Pulp and Paper industry: Invasive alien species Phytolacca americana waste integration to commercial pulp. Physic-mechanical properties analysis
Authors: Iglesias Antía , Cancela Ángeles , Picos Juan , Soler Ana
Published: March 2024

Paper industry contributes significantly to the transformation of native forests into monocultures of exotic species, such as Eucalyptus globulus. This monoculture expansion not only reduces biodiversity in cultivated areas but also in adjacent regions. Ecological concerns, the demand for cellulose-based products continues to rise, driving an increase in pulp and paper production over the years. Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, driven by anthropogenic behaviors, urbanization, cultivation, and globalization. The integration of these species leads to the displacement of native flora, soil impoverishment, and ecosystem degradation. Addressing both issues highlights the need not only to reuse waste derived from clearing invasive species but also to reintroduce it into the production system by utilizing their fibers reducing the use of alien wood fibers in paper production. The study encompasses the entire process of obtaining and processing Phytolacca americana pulp, including kraft lignin extraction, refining processes, and analysis of pulp and laboratory paper properties. Standardized tests based on ISO standards were conducted to assess various physical and mechanical properties of the paper samples such as drainability, thickness, grammage, specific volume and density, weight, and air permeance and resistance. Advanced imaging techniques as SEM visualization were employed to examine the internal structure and chemical composition of the paper samples, providing valuable insights into fiber integration and paper quality. Results confirm the suitability of Phytolacca americana utilization for industry, with certain properties showing improvement or maintenance, indicating its feasibility for market incorporation, promoting biodiversity care and monoculture reduction.
An Energy Efficient based Optical Network using Cloud Computing Techniques under an Improved Layer of Honeypots for Security
Authors: Mishra Anand Kumar , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Tiwari Shrikant
Published: March 2024

Energy proficiency is significant for optical organizations regarding versatility, minimal expense activity, and maintainability.Understanding energy with regards to optical organizations starts with a comprehension of the constituent parts and gear that make up an optical organization and how their energy use is advancing after some time. The organization design, depicting how these parts are assembled and worked, will likewise extensively affect the energy proficiency of optical organizations. Likewise, the level of security in optical organizations isn't been much explored in the research field. Thereby this paper brings an effective method for optimizing energy and also increasing security in an optical network using hybrid cloud computing techniques like heuristics optimization and FA algorithm. The author also carries a novelty in analysing and improving the security in optical networks using the Honeyspot algorithm. The results carried are shown a greater impact of the proposed system (EEFAHA-HONEYSPOT) over various measures
Double core-shell semiconducting molecular-chain halogen- bridged metal complexes with ohmic contact heterojunctions
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Ishiguro Keisuke , Yoshida Takefumi , Iguchi Hiroaki , Ito Hiroshi , Yamashita Masahiro , Takaishi Shinya
Published: March 2024

The fabrication of heterostructures from low-dimensional materials is very challenging, particularly the creation of low-dimensional heterojunctions that can be characterized at an atomic resolution. In a previous work, a heterostructure made from halogen-bridged metal complexes (MX-Chains), [Ni(chxn)2Br]Br2 (chxn = 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane) and [Pd(chxn)2Br]Br2, has been synthesized and the nature of the one-dimensional (1D) heterojunction at an atomic resolution was revealed. In the work reported here we have successfully fabricated double core-shell crystals (Ni–Pd–Ni) from these MX-Chains, using a stepwise electrochemical epitaxial method. Upon cleavage of the heterostructure along the van der Waals layers, a double heterojunction surface is observed. The MX- Chains are aligned in the heterostructure and exhibit anisotropic optical properties based on their 1D electronic systems, as measured using UV-vis-NIR polarized reflectance microscopy. Current– voltage curves at different temperatures are recorded using three probes attached to different areas of the heterostructure and reveal the presence of ohmic conduction through the double 1D heterojunctions. The ohmic contact between the two types of MX-Chains arise from the atomic-scale connection of the MX-Chains at the heterojunction. This work represents the first example of a molecule-based heterostructure that has electronic conductivity and demonstrates electrical conduction through a 1D heterojunction.
Interplay of Phonon and Optical Cavity Effects in Layered Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Lin Miao-Ling , Liu Xue-Lu , Wu Jiang-Bin , Liu Tao , Mei Rui , Wu Heng , Guan Shan , Xie Jia-Liang , Luo Jun-Wei , Wang Lin-Wang , Ferrari Andrea C. , Tan Ping-Heng
Published: March 2024

Optical cavities can be used to tailor photon-phonon coupling due to the spatial overlap of photon and phonon fields and selective enhancement of photon or phonon resonance excitation. However, there has been limited focus on understanding the influence of optical cavities on lattice phonon excitation, since they are typically considered as inherent element excitation in solids and challenging to manipulate. Here we demonstrate a strong interplay of phonon and optical cavity effects mediated by one-dimensional periodic electronic states in layered semiconductor materials (LSMs). LSM multilayers act as naturally occurring optical cavities. This results in tunable layer-breathing phonon excitation, dependent on the incident light wavelength, number of layers and mismatch of refractive index between LSM and underlying substrate. Our study reveals the impact of spatially coherent overlap between photon and phonon fields on phonon excitation, and paves the way for optical modulators and signal processing via photon-phonon cavity engineering.
Predicting aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils using artificial neural network
Authors: Hasan Md. Moynul , Faisal Mohammad Fahim , Zakaria N.M. Golam , Rahaman Md. Mashiur
Published: March 2024

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based method is proposed to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils, such as NACA 0012, NACA 0015, NACA 0018, NACA 0021, and NACA 0025, approximating the flow around airfoils as a function of the Reynolds number (Re), angle of attack (α), airfoil coordinates (X, Y ), and predicting the lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD) without using extensive software packages. Wind turbine data were obtained for CL and CD for different α (0◦ ≤ α ≤ 180◦ ) and different values of Re (104 ≤ Re ≤ 107 ). An ANN model was trained to achieve a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.12 and 0.025 for CL and CD, respectively. For CL and CD, the RMSE of the trained model used to evaluate the new data was less than 0.09 and 0.12, respectively. Subsequently, the results were validated in a two dimensional numerical domain using RANS-CFD simulations and experimental data, showing that the proposed ANN approach is in good agreement for predicting the stall shape and aerodynamic characteristics at an angle of attack (α) ranging from (0◦ ≤ α ≤ 30◦ ).
Slowfeeding dispensers for horses: who, how and why?
Authors: Roig-Pons Marie , Bachmann Iris , Briefer Sabrina
Published: March 2024

Slowfeeders (SFs) are feed dispensers designed to mechanically slow feed intake. As such, they are a promising tool for improving the welfare of horses by meeting their behavioural and physiological feeding needs while controlling the risk of obesity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the current use of SFs by horse owners and the profile of horses using such feeders. The objective of this questionnaire-based study was to evaluate the slow-feeding practices among horse owners and yard operators in some French-speaking European countries (Belgium, France and Switzerland). We received 1,283 replies, revealing that the population of horses fed with SFs differs from the general population of ridden horses in several aspects, such as age, training, and housing. This information is valuable for ensuring representative sampling in future studies. Regarding the type of SF used, more than 85% of the respondents reported using hay nets, with hay nets covering the hay in the hayrack or surrounding a bale of hay being particularly popular. The main reasons for using SFs were waste management, weight reduction, and increased feeding time for horses. Most respondents did not encounter any issues when using SFs and less than 10% of respondents reported health problems and accidents resulting from the use of SF. Differences were also found between countries and between operators and owners, indicating that different user profiles have varying requirements for the feeder they use.
Characterisation of a unique manganese-containing biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16, isolated from soil found in a mixed farm, located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okorie I. K. M. , Ogunjobi A. A.
Published: March 2024

The worldwide occurrence of antibiotic resistance, has triggered the quest for viable alternatives, to the failing antibiotics in common usage. Biosurfactants have been studied for their potential in this regard. The aim of this study, was to characterise a biosurfactant, produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 (accession number OQ734845), shown to possess effective biocontrol activity, against Staphylococcus aureus SO183 at 0.060 g/L. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 was isolated from soil in a mixed farm, at Ajibode area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, with the use of the pour plate method, identified through biochemical tests, and confirmed through molecular studies. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the biosurfactant possessed a surface composed of, globular and spindle-shaped projections, while energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed that its elemental composition was mainly oxygen (3.00%), carbon (36.10%), nitrogen (43.00%), phosphorus (3.00%) and sodium (6.60%); the least abundant was manganese (0.48%). High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, revealed that the monosaccharides, were mainly rhamnose, glucose, xylose and mannose, while the phenol-sulfuric acid method measured their concentration as 0.0047 g/L. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealed the presence of carboxyl, alcohol, amine and halo functional groups, amongst others. The biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16 was a positively charged, manganese-containing, polymeric biosurfactant made up of carbohydrates, lipid and peptide molecules. It was likely a positively-charged, manganese-containing glycolipopeptide/glycolipoprotein, polysaccharide-protein-fatty acid composite, or lipopolysaccharide-protein composite. The manganese probably conferred to it, the potential for antibacterial and diverse bioactivities. From available records, this is the first report of a manganese-containing biosurfactant.
Praxisbericht aus der Schule Lachenzelg (Zürich): Erprobung eines Lasercutter-Projektes im Jahrgangsübergreifenden Unterricht
Authors: Gantner Saskia , Minet Philippe
Published: March 2024

Ist es möglich, alle Klassen eines Schulhauses in ein gemeinsames Laserschneideprojekt einzubeziehen und ein Gemeinschaftsprodukt zu erzustellen um einen innerschulischen Kulturanlass zu schaffen? In diesem Beitrag wird das Adventsprojekt im Schulhaus Lachenzelg im Winter 2022 beschrieben. Ziel war es, einen Weihnachtnachtbaum mit persönlichen Arbeiten stetig zu schmücken. Dabei sollten ein bis drei Sekundarschüler:innen pro Klasse mitwirken können. Dafür sollte jede Klasse zuerst im Klassenrat ihr «Wort des Jahres 2022» küren. Als nächstes wurden aus jeder Klasse zwei ‹Desigdelegierte› ausgewählt, um dieses Wort in einer Sprechblase grafisch umzusetzen und mit Hilfe eines Lasercutters auszuschneiden. So entstanden nach und nach wetterfeste Acrylglas Baumschmuck-Schilder. Neben dem Schmücken des Baumes fanden noch weitere Aktivitäten in den Klassen mit dem Lasercutter statt. In diesem Bericht soll der Prozess dieses Projektes aufgezeigt sowie ein ‹Lessons Learned› präsentiert werden.
Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels Will Drive Repositioning of Horticulture
Authors: Treadwell Danielle D. , Zotarelli Lincoln , Dittmar Peter J. , Williamson Jeffrey G. , Resende Marcio F.R. , Martin-Ryals Ana D. , Messina Carlos , Gunter Christopher C. , Hanson Andrew D. , Michaux Simon P.
Published: March 2024

Like everything for the past 2 centuries, agriculture has depended increasingly on fossil fuel energy. Pressures to shift to renewable energy and changes in the fossil fuel industry are set to massively alter the energy landscape over the next 30 years. Two near-certainties are increased overall prices and/or decreased stability of energy supplies. The impacts of these upheavals on specialty crop production and consumption are unknowable in detail but the grand lines of what will likely change can be foreseen. This foresight can guide the research, extension, and teaching needed to successfully navigate a future very unlike the recent past. Major variables that will influence outcomes include energy use in fertilizer manufacture, in farm operations, and in haulage to centers of consumption. Taking six increasingly popular fruit and vegetable crops and the top two horticultural production states as examples, here we use simple proxies for the energy requirements (in gigajoules per ton of produce) of fertilizer, farm operations, and truck transport from Florida or California to New York to compare the relative sizes of these requirements. Trucking from California is the largest energy requirement in all cases, and three times larger than from Florida. As these energy requirements themselves are all fairly fixed, but in future will likely rise in price and/or be subject to interruptions and shortages, this pilot study points to two commonsense inferences: First, that fruit and vegetable production and consumption are set to reposition to more local/regional and seasonal patterns due to increasing expenses associated with fuel, and second, that coast-to-coast produce shipment by truck will become increasingly expensive and difficult.
Women and the Social Resilience in Post-Conflict Areas of Lampung
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: March 2024

Lampung Province has several areas which are allegedly conflict-prone areas that have disturbed the social life of the community and have also endangered the lives and property of the victims. In this case, women have a very crucial role, especially in creating social resilience after conflict. This research examines women's strategic role in building post-conflict social resilience in Lampung Province. This research was qualitative research with interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques and source triangulation to test the validity of the data. The results of the research showed that women have a very crucial role in developing post-conflict social resilience in Lampung Province, namely the strategic role of women in the family includes active participation in improving the quality of life and the family economy, educating and instilling the values of tolerance and awareness of diversity in children and increasing insight and awareness of the role of women through participation in social and religious activities. Furthermore, the role of women in society is to support and play an active role in the implementation of social activities, increase the frequency of togetherness activities as a forum for interacting and communicating with each other in differences as well as holding and playing an active role in social activities that are neutral in nature, without being based on ethnic or religious elements. In conclusion, by optimizing the role of women, social resilience in society can be created.
خريطة تطور كتب دروس اللغة العربية في إندونيسيا: دراسة تحليليية في الكتب المدرسية لمحمود يونس
Authors: Yusuf Salam Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to reveal: first the background of the preparation of Indonesian-based Arabic teaching materials, second: Mahmud Yunus' method in an effort to develop Arabic teaching materials for Indonesians. This study uses a qualitative design, with a literature approach that comes from historical, social and educational sources. The research data were obtained using documentation, observation, and in-depth interviews. The data collection of this research depended on library sources on the history of the compilation and content of Arabic textbooks by Mahmud Yunus for Indonesian students. The data is then validated for correctness, suitability and reliability through data triangulation. This study resulted in the findings describing Mahmud Yunus' reform efforts in the development of Arabic teaching materials in Indonesia, as follows: First, the birth of Arabic textbooks was based on the results of Mahmud Yunus' study which showed that the Arabic language book material that came from Middle East was not based on student needs. Indonesia, and the two textbook materials compiled by Mahmud Yunus are contextualized, and oriented towards student life.
Penerapan Media Roda Putar untuk Meningkatkan Gramatika Bahasa Arab di MA Assunniyyah Kencong
Authors: Furoidah Asni
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Arabic grammar is the science of legislation and rules in Arabic or better known as nahwu and shorof. Learning Arabic grammar for students is not easy, boring learning and containing memorizing materials makes students' interest in learning and students' abilities in learning materials decrease. The use of rotary wheel media can help students improve Arabic grammatical skills. This study aims to describe the application of the rotating wheel media to improve Arabic grammatical skills. The results of the application of this rotating wheel show that the majority of students are capable of learning Arabic grammar based on assessment indicators. This rotary wheel media can be used as an alternative media in Arabic learning to improve Arabic grammar skills for students.
Model “Nine Instructional Events Gagne” dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Ghozaly Umi Machmudah
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Tidak sedikit orang memahami bahwa aktivitas-aktivitas eksternal yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab akan berdampak positif dalam memunculkan respon siswa. Peristiwa pembelajaran yang terdiri dari 9 langkah ini (1. menarik perhatian, 2. memberitahukan tujuan pembelajaran kepada si-belajar, 3. merangsang ingatan pada prasyarat belajar, 4. menyajikan bahan perangsang, 5. memberikan bimbingan belajar, 6. mendorong unjuk kerja, 7. memberikan balikan informatif, 8. menilai unjuk kerja dan 9. meningkatkan retensi dan alih belajar) amat penting karena mampu memicu “aktivitas internal” siswa. Penelitian dengan judul Model “Nine of Instructional Events Gagne” dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma’arif 01 Singosari Malang ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan penerapan “Nine of Instructional Events Gagne” dan perwujudan aktivitas internal siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma’arif 01 Singosari Malang. Melalui analisis kualitatif didapatkan bahwa: 1) aktivitas eksternal dapat didasarkan pada 9 langkah peristiwa pembelajaran gagne sehingga dapat memicu munculnya aktivitas internal berupa respon dari siswa. 2) aktivitas internal siswa dapat berupa respon-respon terhadap pembelajaran dari guru yang bersifat timbal balik.

Keyword: Nine Instructional Events Gagne, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

                Most of people understand that external activities carried out by teachers in Arabic learning would have a positive impact in eliciting student responses. This learning events that consist of 9 steps (1. attracting attention, 2. informing the learning objectives to the learner, 3. stimulating memory on learning prerequisites, 4. presenting stimulant materials, 5. providing the learning guidance, 6. encouraging to perform, 7. providing informative feedback, 8. assessing the performance and 9. increasing the retention and learning transfer) are very important because it can trigger students’ "internal activity". This research entitled "Nine Instructional Events Gagne" Model and Its Application in Arabic Learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma'arif 01 Singosari Malang uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The purpose of this study aims to reveal the application of "Nine Instructional Events Gagne" and the embodiment of students' internal activities in the Arabic learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Ma'arif 01 Singosari Malang. Through a qualitative analysis, it was found that: 1) external activities can be based on 9 steps of Gagne learning events which can trigger the emergence of internal activities in the form of responses from students. 2) the students' internal activities can be in the form of responses towards the learning process from teachers that are reciprocal.

Keyword: Nine Instructional Events Gagne,  Arabic Learning
Penerapan lingkungan berbahasa arab dalam meningkatkana keterampilan berbicara di pondok pesantren Darul Lughah Wal Qur’an Palengaan Pamekasan
Authors: Farhan Muhammad Farhan , Fadoli Ach , Hidayat Nurul
Published: March 2024

مستخلص البحث: تطبيق بيئة اللغة العربية في احدى المعاهد لها دورة وتأثيرة كبيرة ومهمة للمعاهد نفسه، لأن بوجوده يعطي المدافع و اتقان النفس لطلاب في تعلم وتعميق اللغة العربية، كما كانت بيئة اللغة العربية في معهد دار اللغة والقرأن بالنجائن باميكاسن، يجب الطلاب والأساتذ تكلم اللغة العربية كل يوم، بهدف يجتهد الطلاب و اتقان النفس لطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية إما في تعلم و تعميق المهارت الأربعة وهي (مهارة الإستماع، مهارة الكلام، مهارة القراءة، مهارة الكتابة)،يتضمن هذا البحث على الهدفين ١). لمعرفة عن تطبيق بيئة اللغة العربية في ترقية مهارة الكلام بمعهد داراللغة والقرأن. 2). لمعرفة عن العوامل المعوقة في تطبيق بيئة اللغة العربية لترقية مهارة الكلام بمعهد داراللغة والقرأن.يستخدم الباحث المنهج الكيفي، ونوعه الوصفي. والطريقة المستخدمة في جمع البيانات هي المقابلة المقننة وغير المقننة، والملاحظة المشاركة وغير المشاركة والتأريخ والوثائق، وتجري عملية جمع البيانات فيه تقريبا شهرين. ونتائج هذا البحث على ما يلي: ١). تطبيق بيئة اللغة العربية بمعهد دار اللغة والقرأن يشتمل على النشطات اللغوية اليومية والأسبوعية، مثل تدرس وتنمية المهارات اللغوية، مهارة الإستماع، مهارة الكلام، مهارة الكتابة، مهارة القراءة، وحفظ المفردات.٢) من العوامل المعوقة في تطبيق بيئة اللغة العربية تنقسم على ثلاثة أقسم منها الوسائل التعليمية ناقصة، وعدم التجسس للطلاب من المحكمة اللغة لتجسس الطلاب المخالف في تكلم اللغة المدورية، وقلة رغبة الطلاب وحب الطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية.
Anomalies of generalized symmetries from solitonic defects
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Bullimore Mathew , Ferrari Andrea E. V. , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura
Published: March 2024

We propose the general idea that ’t Hooft anomalies of generalized global symmetries can be understood in terms of the properties of solitonic defects, which generically are non-topological defects. The defining property of such defects is that they act as sources for background fields of generalized symmetries. ’t Hooft anomalies arise when solitonic defects are charged under these generalized symmetries. We illustrate this idea for several kinds of anomalies in various spacetime dimensions. A systematic exploration is performed in 3d for 0-form, 1-form, and 2-group symmetries, whose ’t Hooft anomalies are related to two special types of solitonic defects, namely vortex line defects and monopole operators. This analysis is supplemented with detailed computations of such anomalies in a large class of 3d gauge theories. Central to this computation is the determination of the gauge and 0-form charges of a variety of monopole operators: these involve standard gauge monopole operators, but also fractional gauge monopole operators, as well as monopole operators for 0-form symmetries. The charges of these monopole operators mainly receive contributions from Chern-Simons terms and fermions in the matter content. Along the way, we interpret the vanishing of the global gauge and ABJ anomalies, which are anomalies not captured by local anomaly polynomials, as the requirement that gauge monopole operators and mixed monopole operators for 0-form and gauge symmetries have non-fractional integer charges.
Abelian combinatorial gauge symmetry
Authors: Yu Hongji , Green Dmitry , Ruckenstein Andrei E. , Chamon Claudio
Published: March 2024

Combinatorial gauge symmetry is a principle that allows us to construct lattice gauge theories with two key and distinguishing properties: a) only one- and two-body interactions are needed; and b) the symmetry is exact rather than emergent in an effective or perturbative limit. The ground state exhibits topological order for a range of parameters. This paper is a generalization of the construction to any finite Abelian group. In addition to the general mathematical construction, we present a physical implementation in superconducting wire arrays, which offers a route to the experimental realization of lattice gauge theories with static Hamiltonians.
Mechanisms for achieving decent wage in the Russian economy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Veredyuk Olesya V. , Sychenko Elena ,   Bernardo O’Higgins University
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the new rules for setting minimum wage, introduced in 2020 in Russia in terms of how they contribute to achieving the decent wage in accordance with the current norms of international and Russian labour law. Minimum wage, while remaining a popular tool for regulating the wage floor, has undergone radical changes in 2020, which affected the basis for its calculation, the level and the frequency of its revision, as well as data sources. The completion of the first year cycles of the new rules for calculating the minimum wage and the stress test of 2022–2023 make it possible to assess the practice of their implementation. We assess the observed and projected effects of the new minimum wage methodology in relation to the norms of international documents (such as the Convention concerning the Minimum Wage of the International Labor Organization, the European Social Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as the Charter of Social Rights and Guarantees of Citizens of Independent States). The article gives special attention to the milestones in the development of legislative regulation of the minimum wage in modern Russia. Basing on positive economic analysis, we conclude that the changes in the rules for calculating the minimum wage have reduced its sensitivity to inflation and broken the link with the costs necessary to maintain the reproduction of human capital of the employee and her household. In this research, we have confirmed the hypothesis that the new rules for calculating the minimum wage are poorly favorable to the implementation of decent work as one of the declared national development goals of the country for the period up to 2030. We propose alternatives to reform the minimum wage in the direction of promoting the growth of real incomes of workers and members of their households. We stress the need to establish a stronger dialogue between the state and other stakeholders when developing effective solutions to achieve decent wages in terms of transformation of economy.
Does the availability of financial services affect the level of population well-being in the Russian Federation?
Authors:   Sanya University, Isupova Ekaterina , Vart Semen ,   Novosibirsk State University, Bekareva Svetlana ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: March 2024

The development of financial markets is a prerequisite for the stable growth of the country’s economy. The availability of financial services, provided that markets work effectively, can lead to a noticeable reduction in inequality in society and a reduction in the level of poverty in the economy. An increase in inequality is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in the overall level of poverty. The reasons for the deteriorating financial situation of individual citizens may be the lack of financial literacy and investment in human capital, which often in practice leads to irrational financial decisions. In our study, we tried to empirically assess how the indicator of the level of poverty and the availability of individual financial services for Russian citizens are related in the aggregate sample, focusing on the theoretical explanation of the indirect influence of the factor of availability of financial services on the overall level of poverty in the Russian Federation at the micro level. We used the HSE RMEZ data from 2010–2021 as a statistical database for more than 103 thousand household households. We determined the status of a household based on a comparison of the actual income level and the subsistence minimum established in a particular region. The resulting binary variable eventually acted as a dependent. The regressors were the following indicators: education, age, family status, the presence of children, the period of maternity leave, the health of individuals, as well as factors of availability of financial services. Based on the application of the binary choice model, we came to the conclusion that large families, women on maternity leave, the unemployed, individuals without higher education, as well as those living in rural areas have a high probability of being among poor households. Based on empirical data, we also determined that in the regions of the Russian Federation in the period under review, the availability of bank cards or a deposit can reduce the likelihood of a household becoming poor by an average of 3–5 %.
Hemodynamic features of different variants of the premature ventricular constractions
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shubik Yuri ,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Korneev Alexander ,   St. Petersburg State University,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Medvedev Mikhail ,   St. Petersburg State University,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Morozov Alexander ,   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
Published: March 2024

In patients with premature ventricular contractions, the main cause of cardiomyopathy associated with arrhythmia is considered to be a large number of premature ventricular contractions. The width and fragmentation of QRS complex, morphology, prematurity index, polymorphism and some other characteristics may also play a role. Previously, the hemodynamic features of several variants of premature ventricular contractions such as allorhythmia (bigeminy), paired and interpolated premature ventricular contractions and ventricular parasystole have not been evaluated. We perform examples of these types of ventricular arrhythmias with assessment of their hemodynamic properties using the original method of accurate determination of systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure during each beat of the heart “beat to beat”. The main properties of premature ventricular complexes have been demonstrated: a marked decrease in systolic and an increase in diastolic blood pressure. As an example, in ventricular parasystole these indicators have been shown to be dependent on the clutch interval of premature ventricular contractions: the shorter it is, the more advanced the changes. Bigeminy and interpolated premature ventricular contractions appears to be hemodynamically unfavorable.
Problems of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Health, Shikina Irina , Litvinov Ivan ,   Stavropol State Medical University, Babchenko Viktoria ,   Stavropol State Medical University, Gerova Olga ,   Russian Research Institute of Health,   National Bone Marrow Donor Registry named after Vasya Perevoshchikov
Published: March 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for many malignant and non-malignant diseases of the blood system. With an existing need of five thousand HSCT per year, about two thousand are performed, therefore, not all those in need receive this type of treatment. The purpose of the study is to study the main problems of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to identify risk factors, frequency of occurrence and impact on the outcome of allo-HSCT of key post-transplant complications. A large number of nationalities and ethnic groups live in the country, characterized by a unique distribution and frequency of HLA alleles, which led to the formation of a specific allelic polymorphism of HLA genes, characteristic only for residents of Russia. In this regard, about 25 % of patients do not have a compatible donor in the world. Graft failure is a group of complications characterized by two- or three-lineage cytopenia in combination with bone marrow hypo-/aplasia and is a major cause that impairs patients short-term survival rates after allo-HSCT and affects an average of 40 % of all recipients. The study confirms the need to replenish the Federal Register with new hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors, which will increase the likelihood of finding a compatible HSC donor for the recipient with a nondisseminated HLA genotype.
Vladimir Germanovich Shtefko
Authors: Zubritsky Aleksandr
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the life and creative path of the famous Russian phthisiopathologist, biologist, anatomist and anthropologist, scientist, talented educator and organizer, patriarch of the national school of phthisiopathology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Germanovich Shtefko (1893–1945), who was born in Moscow in the family of an employee. After graduating from the Moscow Real School, he entered the Medical and Physics and Mathematics Faculties of the Imperial Moscow University. In 1911, the pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed, which accompanies him throughout his life and for which he is being treated in Switzerland, where he continues his studies at the University of Lausanne. After returning to Russia, he graduated with honors from these two faculties in 1916 and devoted himself to devotion to science. The scientific interests of V. G. Shtefko and his students were primarily tuberculosis issues. He is the author of about 300 scientific papers, including 24 monographs. V. G. Shtefko was the founder of the Moscow school of phthisiopathologists, as well as comparative anatomical and age-morphological directions in medical research. He established the phenomenon of dyschronic development of intraorgan structures and concluded that the cultural races of humanity, such as Europeans have a more complex protein molecule structure than lower races. In fact, he refuted the well-known postulate that all people are brothers. Moreover, in 1929, scientists led by V. G. Shtefko developed a classification of five normal types of the human constitution (asthenoid, digestive, thoracic, muscular, abdominal, as well as mixed types), which was the reason for his political persecution, and therefore in 1938 the work had to be stopped, nevertheless, this did not stop the anger of his detractors and on October 3, 1945 in Moscow, V. G. Shtefko committed suicide at the age of 52.