bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Validity of the PRE-DELIRIC model and the E-PRE-DELIRIC model for Predicting Delirium in patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Cho Eun Ju , Kim Myoung Soo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity of the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model.Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were included. The presence or absence of delirium was determined based on risk groups, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power were verified using the Youden index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were derived for the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model, the area under the curve was calculated, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented.Results: The incidence of delirium was 28.8%. The average scores of the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model were 49.72±29.91 and 18.14±0.41, respectively. In the PRE-DELIRIC model, for which a cut-off point of 14.05 was established using the Youden index, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power were 64.8%, 83.2%, 61.0%, and 85.4%, respectively. In the E-PRE-DELIRIC model, with a cut-off point of 64.01, the corresponding indicators were 73.1%, 51.5%, 37.8%, and 82.6%, respectively. The areas under the curve for the PRE-DELIRIC model and the E-PRE-DELIRIC model were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74~0.82) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.61~0.69), respectively.Conclusion: It may be helpful to use both the E-PRE-DELIRIC and PRE-DELIRIC models. The two prediction models are expected to help improve the quality of nursing for the early detection and prevention of delirium, enabling intensive observations and interventions for patients at high risk of delirium.
The Risk of Contamination according to Hairstyle during Aseptic Procedures in Nursing Students: An Observational Study
Authors: Lim Se Young , Kim Eun Jung
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the risk of contamination during aseptic procedures performed by nursing students and the hairstyle type of the student performing the procedure.Methods: This study employed an observational design. The participants were 139 nursing students recruited from two colleges. Participants with short hair were assigned to the short-hair group (Group 1) without randomization. The remaining participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: those who put their hair in a hairnet (Group 2), those who had their hair tied back (Group 3), and those who had their hair untied (Group 4). Raters used a checklist to assess participants’ performance of aseptic procedures and contamination-related behaviors.Results: Compared to the group wearing a hairnet (Group 2), more contamination occurred in the group with long hair tied back (Group 3) or not tied up (Group 4) (p<.001). Hair-related contamination risk behaviors were significantly more common in students with untied long hair (Group 4) than in the other three groups (Group 1, 2, and 3) (p<.001).Conclusion: These results suggest that when performing aseptic procedures, measures are needed to prevent hair-related contamination by restraining the hair or using a hair cap.
Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Symptom Experience and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Jo Enhee , Park Ju-Young , Jang Young Jun
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to determine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on symptom experience and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: Data were collected between November 7 and November 20, 2023, from patients receiving outpatient treatment at the pulmonology department of a tertiary general hospital in Jeonju City, following a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hayes’s PROCESS macro 3.5 was utilized to verify the significance of the indirect effect of the mediator.Results: Symptom experience had a significant negative effect on self-efficacy (β=-.50, p<.001), with the model explaining 22.2% of the variance. Additionally, symptom experience negatively impacted health-related quality of life (β=-.20, p=.032), while self-efficacy positively influenced health-related quality of life (β=.33, p<.001), with the model explaining 52% of the variance. The indirect effect of symptom experience on health-related quality of life, mediated by self-efficacy, was significant (Indirect effect=-0.17, 95% Boot confidence interval=-0.33~-0.03).Conclusion: To improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it is essential to assess symptom experience and self-efficacy levels. Developing and implementing nursing strategies that incorporate collaborative self-management to enhance self-efficacy is crucial.
Analysis of Educational Needs for the Development of a Clinical Practice Adaptation Program for Nursing Students
Authors: Han Ji Won , Jung Sun Young
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the educational needs for developing a clinical practice adaptation program for nursing students.Methods: This descriptive survey collected data through a questionnaire from 124 third- and fourth-year nursing students in Daegu. The data were analyzed using frequencies, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, importance-performance analysis (IPA), and Borich's needs analysis method with IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0.Results: IPA identified 11 educational items requiring intensive improvement. Additionally, Borich's needs analysis method was utilized to establish educational priorities. Among these, the highest educational need was for “understanding and precautions of significant drugs in internal medicine and surgery.”Conclusion: This study's findings have implications for developing a clinical practice adaptation program for nursing students.
ACOMPAÑAMIENTO EN EL PROCESO DE PARIR, EN PERIODOS DE PANDEMIA POR COVID-19, VALPARAÍSO, CHILE
Authors: Calderón Canales Felipe , Vásquez Latorre Bárbara , Araya Ponce Pía , Astudillo Valencia Katherine , Cisternas Moncada Javiera , Novoa Jaime Claudio , Encina Suárez Carolina , Rojo Pérez Catalina
Published: September 2024

OBJETIVO. conocer las características del acompañamiento en parto y trabajo de parto para mujeres, durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la V región, Chile. MÉTODO. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Las técnicas e instrumentos fueron observación y encuesta vía formulario, con veinticinco preguntas aplicadas a ciento treinta mujeres. RESULTADOS. Fueron encuestadas 130 personas entre 18 y 30 años. 107 del total de encuestadas, tuvo la oportunidad de acompañamiento (82%) (p=0,4), en relación al momento del acompañamiento, 5% fue en preparto, 20% en el parto y 76% en ambos momentos (p=0,53). La persona acompañante más frecuente es el progenitor del recién nacido (78%) y el progenitor de la gestante (16%) (p=0,48). CONCLUSIONES. el acompañamiento en tiempos de pandemia, no tuvo diferencias significativas al período normativo, logrando las mujeres tener acompañamiento en la etapa del preparto y parto. Siendo relevante responder a las necesidades y expectativas que tienen las mujeres parturientas en esta etapa, siendo una de ellas el acompañamiento de una persona significativa.
MODELO BIOMÉDICO INSTITUCIONAL VS MODELO DE PARTO HUMANIZADO. EXPERIENCIAS DE PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN FORMACIÓN
Authors: Tapia Tomas Veronica , Nigenda López Gustavo , Aristizabal Patricia
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La atención de parto bajo un modelo alternativo con enfoque humanizado consiste en brindar un cuidado holístico e integral, en el cual las intervenciones realizadas tienen como objetivo lograr una experiencia positiva durante el parto y preservar la salud y bienestar del binomio madre - hijo/a. No obstante, muchas mujeres reciben una atención mayormente basada en el modelo médico institucionalizado. OBJETIVO. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar las experiencias de pasantes de la licenciatura en enfermería y obstetricia que llevaron a cabo la pasantía en instituciones de salud que ofrecían la atención de parto a través de dos modelos diferenciados. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas a 14 pasantes de la licenciatura en enfermería y obstetricia que prestaban el servicio social en unidades de segundo y tercer nivel de atención, y en una casa materna del estado de Chiapas. Todas las participantes firmaron el consentimiento. HALLAZGOS. La comparación de las experiencias de pasantes de la licenciatura en enfermería y obstetricia en dos modelos de atención de parto, medicalizado y humanizado, expusieron enormes diferencias en el cuidado obstétrico. La aplicación de un modelo alternativo con enfoque humanizado tiene el potencial de transformar favorablemente la experiencia de la mujer en la atención de parto. CONCLUSIÓN. Las experiencias de las pasantes de la licenciatura en enfermería y obstetricia mostraron elementos que establecieron grandes diferencias en los dos modelos de atención expuestos. Por un lado, la atención basada en las recomendaciones de la OMS se percibe por las pasantes como segura y satisfactoria para las mujeres en parto, en tanto que en las unidades hospitalarias se evidenció la existencia de prácticas consideradas inadecuadas y sistemáticas. De modo que la aplicación del modelo de parto humanizado puede garantizar el goce de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y así vivir un parto satisfactorio.
EXPERIENCIAS DE VIDA: EMOCIONES DEL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL
Authors: Rico Guerrero Luisa Fernanda , Salinas Disciplina Guadalupe , Gallegos Torres Ruth Magdalena , Dorantes Gómez Susana Angélica
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El desempeño de los enfermeros en el área de terapia intensiva neonatal representa un gran desafío debido a la cantidad de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas, lo que puede generar estrés y mal manejo emocional. OBJETIVO. Identificar las emociones generadas de la experiencia del cuidado de recién nacidos que se ubican en la Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, con una población de 6 enfermeros, con al menos 1 año de laborar en el servicio, escolaridad mínima de licenciatura. Se realizó una entrevista grabada con previo consentimiento informado, de manera individual a 6 enfermeras. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos del estudio. RESULTADOS. Categorías de análisis; 1. Emociones vinculadas al servicio y el cuidado del paciente, las emociones que prevalecen son el gozo y la tristeza. 2. Emociones vinculadas con la relación con la institución, los sujetos reiteraron que se trata de un servicio estresante. 3. Emociones vinculadas con la relación con el familiar, los participantes destacan la empatía, respeto y comunicación. CONCLUSIONES. Las emociones del personal de enfermería en la terapia intensiva son de gran importancia, cada vivencia puede afectar al profesional en su estado emocional, llegando a influir en su vida fuera del hospital, por lo que deben darse a conocer y darles prioridad para que el enfermero (a) pueda tener una mejor gestión de las emociones.
INFLUENCIA DE LA AUTOEFICACIA, AUTORREGULACIÓN Y LOCUS DE CONTROL SOBRE EL PESO CORPORAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE SALUD
Authors: Santos-Flores Jesús Melchor , Marroquin Escamilla Alma Rosa , Trujillo Hernández Pedro Enrique , Rodríguez Vidales Edgar Paolo , Gómez Melasio Dafne Astrid , Santos Flores Izamara
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: el sobrepeso y la obesidad son consideradas enfermedades endocrino-metabólicas y, generan un aproximado de 41 millones de muertes al año, equivalente al 74% de todas las muertes en el mundo (1,4). En México, el 72,4% de la población adulta tiene este padecimiento. Los trabajadores de salud, pueden adquirir hábitos alimentarios no saludables que aumentan las probabilidades de desarrollar estas patologías; por esta causa, se han registrado prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad mayores al 50% en el sector salud. METODOLOGÍA: Este es un trabajo con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, donde se obtuvo una muestra de 164 trabajadores de la salud y, se aplicó el Instrumento Autoeficacia Percibida para el Control de Peso, el Instrumento de Autorregulación del Peso y, el Instrumento de Locus de Control de Peso. Los datos se analizaron mediante el paquete estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman. RESULTADOS. El 75.6% correspondió al sexo femenino y 24.4% al sexo masculino. El 84,2% presento sobrepeso y obesidad. Relación negativa con autoeficacia: actividad física cotidiana (r= -0,202, p= 0,048), y locus de control de peso: interno (r= -0,221, p= 0,034) y positiva con locus de control: poderosos (r= 0,277, p= 0,011). CONCLUSIÓN. Se concluye en la importancia de diseñar estrategias para disminuir el impacto de las variables que afectan el peso corporal (locus de control: poderosos) y aumentar los niveles de las variables protectoras.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA ADHERENCIA A LA TOMA DE PAPANICOLAU EN MUJERES DE 18-45 AÑOS EN VALPARAÍSO, CHILE, AÑO 2022
Authors: Calderón Canales Felipe , González Viveros Valentina , Horn Acevedo Catalina , Márquez Cárcamo Nazareth , Toro Maldonado Sofía , Torres Baez Francisca
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. En Chile, el cáncer cervicouterino es una de las principales causas de muerte oncológica femenina, aun cuando es curable si es detectado y tratado a tiempo. El Ministerio de Salud del país garantiza la toma gratuita de la prueba de Papanicolau (PAP) para la detección temprana del cáncer cada tres años a toda mujer de 25 a 64 años, sin embargo, la adherencia al tamizaje es preocupantemente baja. OBJETIVO. Describir los factores asociados a la adherencia al tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino en las mujeres de 18 a 45 años de la región de Valparaíso durante el año 2022. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO. Estudio de tipo descriptivo observacional de corte transversal que analiza la adhesión al tamizaje con relación a los datos obtenidos, mediante una encuesta aplicada a 140 mujeres de 18 a 45 años. RESULTADOS. Del total de las mujeres que respondieron la encuesta, el 84% mencionó haberse realizado el PAP alguna vez en la vida, mientras que el 16% no se lo ha realizado nunca. Esta variable indica que la mayoría de las mujeres están conscientes de que se debe realizar este examen, por lo que una alta adherencia y vigencia están ligadas a factores como previsión del Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA), controles de salud como la asistencia al control anual ginecológico y la edad en que las mujeres tuvieron su primer encuentro sexual. CONCLUSIÓN. Se identifican los factores importantes a considerar para la creación de estrategias de educación y las dificultades que surgen de los servicios de salud en cuanto al acceso al examen, por lo que se sugiere repetir el estudio con una muestra más significativa para tener más precisión en los resultados.
CONOCIMIENTOS Y FACTORES DE RIESGO DE CHAGAS EN LA POBLACIÓN DE LA PROVINCIA GUANENTINA DE SANTANDER- COLOMBIA
Authors: Quintero Trujillo Mónica , Olarte Rueda Graciela , Carreño Rodríguez Luz Dary
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Según la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, el Chagas es endémico de América, esta enfermedad es causada por el protozoo Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitida por insectos llamados triatominios. OBJETIVO: Determinar los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad de Chagas y los factores de riesgo en la población la provincia Guanentina del Departamento de Santander durante el primer semestre del 2023. METODOLOGÍA: estudio cuantitativo de tipo observacional analítico de corte transversal; cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 341 personas. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio del instrumento Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la enfermedad de Chagas, con preguntas que evalúan conocimientos, factores epidemiológicos y de riesgo. El procesamiento y análisis, con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 24. RESULTADOS: El 55,6%, son de procedencia área rural, el 24,3% de ocupación agricultor y en su mayoría de escolaridad primaria. En relación con los conocimientos el 81,2% conocen la enfermedad de Chagas, el 75,4% sabe cómo se trasmite, así mismo el 63,3% saben que la enfermedad afecta alguna parte del cuerpo y el órgano afectado es el corazón 46,3%. Respecto a factores de riesgo el 58,3% de la población conoce o ha tenido contacto con el insecto (p=0,020). CONCLUSIONES: Las personas poseen algunos conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, pero se encuentran expuestas a diversos factores de riesgo que las hacen propensas al contagio de la enfermedad de Chagas, debido a la cercanía con zonas boscosas, material en que se encuentran construidas las viviendas y convivencia con animales domésticos.
CONSTRUCCIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN GUÍA PARA LAS BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DE COMUNICACIÓN DE RIESGO DURANTE CRISIS SANITARIAS
Authors: Dois Angelina , Fernández-González Loreto , Martínez-Pereira Alejandra , Villarroel Luis , Russo Moisés , Sepúlveda Dino , Bravo Paulina
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La pandemia COVID-19 evidenció la necesidad de contar con estrategias de comunicación de riesgo efectivas y contextualizadas al territorio, para la toma de decisión informada de la comunidad. OBJETIVO. describir la construcción y validación por expertos de una Guía de Buenas Prácticas para Comunicación de Riesgo durante una crisis sanitaria (GBP-CR) en el contexto chileno. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio multi método y de validez de constructo para los elementos de evaluación de la guía. RESULTADOS. Se construyó una GBP-CR que aborda contenidos teóricos sobre comunicación de riesgo (CR), institucionalización de la estrategia, su enfoque y análisis del contexto de implementación. Incluye recomendaciones para construir, transmitir y evaluar el mensaje para una CR efectiva y rúbricas para valorar tres aspectos centrales de los comunicados. CONCLUSIÓN. Se construyó la primera Guía de Buenas Prácticas para la Comunicación de Riesgo durante una crisis sanitaria basada en evidencia y ajustada a la realidad local.
LIMITACIÓN DEL ESFUERZO TERAPÉUTICO EN PACIENTES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS: PERCEPCIÓN DEL PROFESIONAL DE LA SALUD
Authors: Rosado Tuarez José Luis , Pacheco Lombeida Mariela Ximena , Jimenez Barrera Maricelys , Herrera Sánchez Priscila Jaqueline , Muñoz Guanga Alisson Patricia
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los efectos de la Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico han vulnerado insondablemente las vidas del paciente, familia y profesional de la salud, especialmente el de enfermería, al permanecer atentamente las 24 horas del día del ser cuidado. OBJETIVO. Describir las experiencias del profesional de enfermería al limitar el esfuerzo terapéutico con los pacientes de unidades de cuidados críticos. MÉTODOS. El enfoque fue cualitativo, con diseño descriptivo y tipo de estudio fenomenológico; considerándose nueve participantes mediante muestreo no probabilístico y saturación de unidades de significado, donde el instrumento fue la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis de los datos se realizó a través del método de Colaizzi. RESULTADOS. Seis categorías surgieron como resultado de la investigación: vivencias del profesional de enfermería durante el cuidado del paciente en unidades de cuidados críticos; elementos que se destacan en las vivencias del profesional de enfermería durante el cuidado del paciente en unidades de cuidados críticos; repercusiones de los aprendizajes autodidactas en el profesional de enfermería; cuidado integral humanizado; conocimiento del personal de enfermería sobre el manejo del paciente crítico; y aumento del vínculo paciente-familia-enfermera. CONCLUSIONES. Se detalló un panorama impactante donde la comunicación deficiente y la falta de formación continua en el personal sanitario afectan la calidad de la atención en la UCI; sin embargo, se resaltó la importancia de la humanización del cuidado y la conexión espiritual, subrayando la urgencia de reformas en la formación y el apoyo institucional.
LIDERAZGO ESTRATÉGICO EN ENFERMERÍA: UNA BÚSQUEDA INTEGRATIVA DE LA LITERATURA
Authors: Lara Jaque Roxana Alejandra , Guedes dos Santos José Luis , de Melo Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino , Sepúlveda Cerda Claudia Andrea , Castillo Parra Silvana del Carmen , De la Fuente Álvarez Felipe Andrés , Bernardes Andrea , Montecinos Guiñez Daniela Alejandra
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El liderazgo estratégico es un espacio crucial para la toma de decisiones y procesos de innovación y cambio para la enfermería dentro de la estructura organizacional. OBJETIVO. Describir el estado del arte del liderazgo estratégico en enfermería, integrando la evidencia científica disponible. Material y método: revisión integrativa de literatura del año 2012 al 2022. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Web of Science, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, y Scopus. Se incluyeron investigaciones primarias y artículos que aborden liderazgo estratégico en profesionales de enfermería con cargos directivos de alta jerarquía. Se excluyó investigaciones que aborden sólo liderazgo clínico o de mandos medios. RESULTADOS. La revisión incluyó 31 estudios, siendo la mayoría con enfoque metodológico cuantitativo (n=16), realizados en EEUU (n=6), en escenarios hospitalarios n= 21. Se clasificaron los resultados en 4 dimensiones: “Significado del liderazgo n=9”; “Formación en habilidades de liderazgo n=7”; “Liderazgo desde las relaciones laborales n=6”; “Vinculación del liderazgo y los cuidados de salud” n=9. CONCLUSIONES. Los estudios vinculados al liderazgo estratégico son variados y responden a distintos ámbitos de desarrollo. Se evidenció como espacios de generación de investigación los procesos de construcción de liderazgo estratégico y su incidencia en políticas públicas. Las evidencias demuestran la necesidad de su desarrollo y crecimiento para fortalecer el posicionamiento de enfermería.
LESIONES TIPO KENNEDY: HALLAZGOS PRINCIPALES QUE ORIENTAN EL CUIDADO EN ENFERMERÍA: REVISIÓN DE ALCANCE
Authors: Loaiza Buitrago Diana Fernanda , Aguirre-Bolivar Cinthia Maeva , Medina-Larrahondo Asly Tatiana , Álvarez-Vargas Lizeth Tatiana
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La lesión tipo Kennedy es una lesión tisular de inicio súbito y de progresión rápida que aparece en el final de la vida y se destaca por tener características especiales para su identificación, entre ellas su forma, localización, evolución y etiología que conllevan a realizar juicios sobre el pronóstico de vida de aquellas personas que las presentan. La identificación de este tipo de lesión es fundamental en los centros que brindan atención en salud, ya que permite adecuar el esfuerzo terapéutico, enfocándose a un cuidado paliativo. OBJETIVO. Determinar los principales hallazgos que orienten el diagnóstico diferencial para las lesiones tipo Kennedy y la intervención en enfermería. METODOLOGÍA. Para dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los principales hallazgos que orientan el diagnóstico diferencial para las lesiones tipo Kennedy y la intervención en enfermería? Se realiza una revisión de alcance de literatura de los últimos ocho años, la búsqueda se efectuó en cinco bases de datos bibliográficas, los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: “nursing care”, “palliative care”, “pressure ulcer”, “palliative care”, “pressure ulcer”, de acuerdo con los términos Decs, añadiendo la palabra “Kennedy's terminal ulcer”; según criterios de selección adoptados para la búsqueda de literatura se encontraron 24 artículos que cumplieron con ello. RESULTADOS. A través de cuatro categorías de análisis, se logró identificar que dadas las características especiales de la lesión: localización, evolución y etiología, pueden surgir intervenciones de cuidado ambiguas o no apropiadas, que sólo prolongan el sufrimiento de la persona conduciendo a un encarnizamiento terapéutico. CONCLUSIONES. Las características distintivas de la lesión terminal de Kennedy, supone para el profesional de enfermería más que una mirada preventiva, un abordaje a partir de un plan de cuidado paliativo, integral y humanizado al paciente y familia, que le propicie un final de vida tranquilo.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Predictors in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Pasha Imtiaz , ALakkad Ashraf
Published: September 2024

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses significant challenges to public health, with poor outcomes frequently observed in affected patients. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics and factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis at Liwa Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional single-center analysis was conducted on 408 patients admitted to Liwa Hospital. Among these, 28 patients diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) were selected for detailed analysis based on their treatment outcomes and clinical data. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 18 years or older with confirmed drug-resistant TB, while patients younger than 18, those with latent tuberculosis, and those with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded.
Results: The majority of patients were between 18-40 years old (60.7%), predominantly male (85.7%), and Asian (96.4%). Comorbidities included diabetes (46.4%) and hypertension (21.4%). Clinical characteristics revealed cough (28.6%) and fever with cough (7.1%) as common symptoms. Primary resistance was observed in 92.9% of cases, with 96.4% being newly diagnosed TB cases. Adverse drug events were minimal, with 7.1% experiencing nausea and vomiting. Radiological findings showed unilateral TB in 53.6% and cavitary TB in 57.1% of cases. Laboratory analysis indicated elevated HbA1c (9.83 ± 3.25), CRP (25.94 ± 5.16 mg/L), and white blood cell count (9.94 ± 4.59 x 10^9 cells/L). Rifampicin resistance was the most prevalent (42.9%), followed by isoniazid resistance (25.0%). Regarding treatment outcomes, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were found to be significantly associated with poor outcomes in patients (p=0.05).
Conclusion: The study identified significant associations between treatment outcomes and age, hypertension, and diabetes status, with higher proportions of poor outcomes observed in patients. Comprehensive management strategies targeting these factors are essential to improve outcomes in patients with drug-resistant TB. Further research is warranted to develop tailored interventions for this population.
Rise of Agritourism in India: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sinha S. , Ali Md. H.
Published: September 2024

Agrotourism also known as agritourism, is a form of tourism that involves visiting rural areas to explore agricultural or farm-based activities, as well as to experience the culture and traditions of rural communities. This type of tourism mostly takes many forms, including farm stays, vineyard tours, rural bed and breakfasts, and other farm-based accommodations. Agritourism is a new phenomenon for Indian tourists (Eco India, 2017) department and hence has a great scope for tourists to explore and experience authentic Indian tradition and farmers and also can fetch extra income through their regular activities. Above 70% of the population are living in more than 6 million villages (Incredible India, 2017). The current study aims to understand the demand and supply pattern of budding agritourism sector of India. Through understanding limitation, farmer’s determination and perception, the research study also provides strategies to overcome the problems in order to conduct agritourism. This research paper begins with literature review which is followed by introductions to tourism in India and the study area. The qualitative research methodology is used (Semi-structured online questionnaire and interview) followed by analysis and the findings are discussed before conclusion.
An Appraisal of the Design Sustainability of Solar Water Heating Systems Via Cosine Similarity Index
Authors: O. M Olabanji , S. A Ogungbuji
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess the sustainability of solar water heating systems (SWHSs) to identify the sustainability indicators necessary for improvement. It involves the development of a fuzzified multi-criteria decision model (MCDM) using cosine similarity index for the sustainability assessment of SWHSs namely; integrated collector storage (ICS), thermosyphon (TS), active open-loop (AOL) and active closed-loop (ACL). The article was able to identify the indicators necessary for improvement following the sustainability assessment of SWHSs in domestic and industrial applications. The framework for the sustainability assessment of the SWHSs included the traditional sustainability indicators such as economic (EC), environmental (EN), and social (SO), and peculiar sustainability indicators namely manufacturing (MA), maintenance (MN), reliability (RE), and life-cycle (LC). This study employed conceptual design developed based on working principle of SWHSs and responses of design experts for sustainability data. For future research, practical evaluation, and more sustainability indicators is recommended for increased analysis depth on the sustainability of the systems. The establishment of sustainability indicators and sub-indicators towards the assessment of SWHSs using MCDM considering the indicators identified for the benefit of energy planning from the manufacturer to the end user. This research focus is on sustainability using the computational strength of the fuzzified MCDM method to assess the sustainability of SWHSs using traditional and peculiar sustainability indicators. The highest economic indicator was in ACL at 53% and the lowest in TS at 42%. This shows that it is important for sustainable economic ease and growth, across the domestic and importantly the industrial sector that the rate of heating using SWHSs should be improved for economic sustainability. The highest environmental indicator was in ICS at 54% and the lowest in TS at 39%. The social indicator was highest in ICS with 43% and joint lowest in TS and AOL at 30%.
Research on the Food Service Industry in Central Taiwan
Authors: Yu Ling-Ching
Published: September 2024

This study examined the changes in business models in the food service industry of Taiwan in the postpandemic era. After staying at home for a more prolonged period during the pandemic. More consumers choose to cook at home to save costs, leading to a booming homemade food market. This trend greatly increases the popularity of convenient meal kits, semi-finished products, and do-it-yourself (DIY) meal sets. It not only caters to consumers’ interest in cooking but also provide convenient and quick solutions for food preparation. Food and beverage businesses have successfully expanded their market reach by developing high-quality homemade food products and utilizing social media and e-commerce platforms for sales.
The immediacy and wide audience coverage of social media economy have enabled influencers and food bloggers to directly demonstrate the use and effects of meal kits and DIY dining through live streams and short videos. This approach attracts large numbers of followers to purchase these products, thereby quickly enhancing product awareness and sales. Collaborating with social media has become an effective marketing strategy for food and beverage businesses because it increases brand exposure and allows for product adjustments and improvements based on immediate consumer feedback.
This study aims to analyze the post-pandemic restaurant industry through the lens of business models. By conducting interviews with restaurant owners across various sectors in central Taiwan, the research will explore how they confronted the challenges during the pandemic and how they have adjusted their business strategies in the aftermath. The objective is to identify future strategies suitable for the Taiwanese culinary market.
This study employs business model theory and interview methodology to investigate six companies within Taiwan's restaurant industry. Through comprehensive analysis, the research aims to determine how the restaurant industry should adjust its strategic direction in the post-pandemic era.
The interviewed restaurants implemented various adjustments during the postpandemic period, including arranging for industry–academia collaboration, enhancing employee training and incentives, strengthening restaurant recognition and sense of pride among employees, diversifying dish presentation, improving customer service systems, providing customized services, increasing investment in social media, reinforcing supplier relations, and expanding into new distribution channels. The study results indicate that food and beverage businesses can further explore the potential of social media economy, develop more products suitable for online promotion, and continually optimize marketing strategies by leveraging data analysis and market research to meet consumer demands.
Investigation of Hepatozoon Canis Related Alterations in the Haemato Biochemical Profile of Dogs
Authors: Verma Sonika , Srivastava Mukesh Kumar , Tiwari Jitendra , Kumar Alok , Bhatt Shruti , Sachan Rupam , Raikwar Arpana , Singh Shveta
Published: September 2024

Aims: Hepatozoonosis, caused by a protozoan parasite Hepatozoon canis, is important for canine health due to its ability to cause chronic, debilitating disease, and the challenges it presents in terms of diagnosis and management. The present study was conducted to see the effect of H. canis infection on various haematological and biochemical parameters as compared to the normal healthy dogs in order to understand the disease pattern and suspecting the disease.
Study Design:  The clinically affected dogs that come to the veterinary hospital with symptoms of hepatozoonosis were included in the study. Haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs found positive for hepatozoonosis were analysed. The values of these parameters were subsequently compared to healthy animals in order to identify any significant difference caused by H. canis.
Place and Duration of Study: The studied was conducted at Department of Veterinary Medicine, DUVASU Mathura, India. Total 212 blood samples were collected from the dogs that were brought for the treatment in between February 2023 to March 2024.
Methodology: Total 212 dogs were included in the present study out of this 46 dogs were found positive with H. canis using PCR based molecular test. These positive animals were subjected to  study the changes in biochemical parameters like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), differential leucocyte count, platelet count and platelet indices (MPV, PDW) using autoanalyzer. Student's t-test in Graphpad Prism was used to compare these values to healthy animals.
Results: The study confirms that Hepatozoonosis leads to significant haematological and biochemical changes in dogs. Infected dogs have lower Hb, TEC, and PCV than healthy animals, indicating anaemia. Thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were also observed in the infected animals. Non-significant differences in MCV, MCH, and MCHC indicate normocytic, normochromic anaemia. Anisocytosis and non-regenerative anaemia is indicated by significant RDW-CV increases with decrease in MCV values. Increased liver-specific enzymes like ALT, AST, and ALP and kidney-related enzymes like BUN and CRT suggest hepatic and renal involvement in disease pathophysiology.
Conclusion: In hepatozoonosis, haemato- biochemical parameters like non-regenerative anaemia. anisocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, low serum protein concentration and increased ALT, AST, ALP and BUN values may be used as non-specific biomarkers. The results can be used in making clinical decisions and monitoring therapeutic responses in cases of hepatozoonosis.
Efficacy of Various Insecticides against Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in Rice and the Calculation of the Benefit-cost Ratio
Authors: Singh Shivanand , Kumar Ritesh , Chauhan Saroj , Singh Jatin Kumar
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was conducted at Heera Puri research field, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur during Kharif, 2023. The relative effectiveness of six insecticides viz., Flubendiamide 39.35 % SC, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Acephate 95 SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Fipronil 5 SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP and Control. The study revealed that the treatment Flubendiamide 39.35% SC was found most effective followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, and Fipronil 5 SC whereas the highest infestation was recorded in the control plot. The significantly higher grain yield was obtained in Flubendiamide 39.35% SC treated plots which are followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Fipronil 5 SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP, Acephate 95 SC and Chlorpyriphos 20 EC. The highest increase in yield over control was reported in the plot treated with Flubendiamide 39.35% SC followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Fipronil 5 SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP, Acephate 95 SC, and Chlorpyriphos 20 EC. The economics of various treatments based on net profit and cost of plant protection revealed that. the highest cost: benefit ratio of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC was followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, followed by Acephate 95 SC, Fipronil 5 SC and the lowest benefit-cost ratio was reported in plots treated with Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP.
Trends and Collaborations in Livestock Extension Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2015-2024)
Authors: Manasa Keesam , S Sidharth , Saifuddin MD. , Surya K.T. , Srishailam B.
Published: September 2024

This study employs bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in livestock extension research from January 2015 to June 2024, utilizing data sourced from the dimension.ai database. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of publication trends, research categories, influential journals, collaborative networks among authors, and the impact of seminal studies. The findings reveal a notable increase of 51.55 per cent in scholarly interest and publications over the years, indicating growing attention towards enhancing livestock productivity, sustainability, and socio-economic outcomes. Key research domains such as agricultural, veterinary, and food sciences emerge as predominant areas of focus, with significant contributions observed in interdisciplinary fields like environmental sciences and human geography. Network analyses using tools like VOSviewer highlight robust collaborative relationships among researchers, identifying central figures and clusters that drive collaborative research efforts in livestock extension. The study also identified “Climate change vulnerability, adaptation and risk perceptions at farm level in Punjab, Pakistan” published in 2016, with nearly 294 citations as top-cited article and other affiliations, emphasizing their pivotal roles in advancing knowledge and practices within the field. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of livestock extension research, demonstrating how such analytical approaches contribute to understanding research trends, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, and guiding future research directions in agricultural sciences.
Examining the Influence of Familial Factors on Social Media Addiction and Mental Health of Emerging Adults: A Study in Karnataka, India
Authors: Yamini P. , Pujar Lata
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study investigates the association of familial factors with social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults.
Study Design: A survey research design and random sampling technique was used.
Sample: Present study was conducted in the year 2020-21 in Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India Total study sample of the study comprised of 160 students.  Around 80 students from two arts colleges studying I year and II year and eighty students from two science colleges studying in I year and II year were selected. Social media addiction tool by Tutgan and Deniz [1] was used to assess social media addiction and mental health inventory by Jagadish and Srivasthava [2] was used to assess mental health status. Results: Results indicated that type of family had significant association (\(\chi\)²= 29.07** and p value = 0.02) and difference (5.48**, p value = 0.01) with social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults. No influence of socio economic status was observed on social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults. Hence, there is a need to encourage parents to set screen time limits and engage in offline activities with their children can mitigate addiction by flexible work arrangements, and mental health resources can foster stronger family connections. Integrating digital literacy and online safety into university curricula can also empower emerging adults to manage social media addiction and protect their mental well-being.
Comparison of model land skin temperature with remotely sensed estimates and assessment of surface‐atmosphere coupling
Authors: Trigo I. F. , Boussetta S. , Viterbo P. , Balsamo G. , Beljaars A. , Sandu I.
Published: November 2015

The coupling between land surface and the atmosphere is a key feature in Earth System Modeling for exploiting the predictability of slowly evolving geophysical variables (e.g., soil moisture or vegetation state), and for correctly representing rapid variations within the diurnal cycle, particularly relevant in data assimilation applications. In this study, land surface temperature (LST) estimated from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) is used to assess the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) skin temperature, which can be interpreted as a radiative temperature of the model surface. It is shown that the ECMWF model tends to slightly overestimate skin temperature during nighttime and underestimate daytime values. Such underestimation of daily amplitudes is particularly pronounced in (semiarid) arid regions, suggesting a misrepresentation of surface energy fluxes in those areas. The LST estimated from MSG is used to evaluate the impact of changes in some of the ECMWF model surface parameters. The introduction of more realistic model vegetation is shown to have a positive but limited impact on skin temperature: long integration leads to an equilibrium state where changes in the latent heat flux and soil moisture availability compensate each other. Revised surface roughness lengths for heat and momentum, however, lead to overall positive impact on daytime skin temperature, mostly due to a reduction of sensible heat flux. This is particularly relevant in nonvegetated areas, unaffected by model vegetation. The reduction of skin conductivity, a parameter which controls the heat transfer to ground by diffusion, is shown to further improve the model skin temperature.
A Nonstationary Standardized Precipitation Index incorporating climate indices as covariates
Authors: Li J. Z. , Wang Y. X. , Li S. F. , Hu R.
Published: November 2015

Many drought indices were proposed to describe drought characteristics, but only few had considered environmental changes. In an attempt to incorporate climate change into meteorological drought index, a nonstationary Gamma distribution with climate indices as covariates was developed for fitting precipitation data and then used for calculating a Nonstationary Standardized Precipitation Index (NSPI) in this study. The performances of the NSPI were compared with those of the traditional Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), showing that the NSPI capable of taking climate variations into account is more robust than the traditional SPI. Focusing on the Luanhe River basin, historical drought events were described and assessed based on the NSPI and traditional SPI. Moreover, drought characteristics, including drought frequency, peak, duration, and magnitude, were calculated by using the two indices. The results in this study indicated that NSPI using climate indices as covariates could capture drought characteristics in the Luanhe River basin, and this new drought index provides a new concept for constructing the drought index that can effectively adapt to a changing environment.
The role of OH production in interpreting the variability of CH2O columns in the southeast U.S.
Authors: Valin L. C. , Fiore A. M. , Chance K. , González Abad G.
Published: November 2015

Formaldehyde (CH2O), a key atmospheric oxidation intermediate that is detectable from satellite‐based UV/visible spectrometers, is primarily formed when hydroxyl radical (OH) reacts with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and is removed by photolysis, reaction with OH or deposition. We investigate the influence of OH and VOC variability on the CH2O column using a steady state model and the WRF‐Chem regional chemical transport model over the southeast United States for the summer of 2012 (June–August). The steady state model indicates that the CH2O column primarily depends on OH production rates (POH) at low concentrations of OH (<3 × 106 molecules cm−3), on both POH and VOC reactivity (VOCR: Σiki[VOC]i) at moderate concentrations of OH (3 × 106–7 × 106 molecules cm−3) and on VOCR at high concentrations of OH (>7 × 106 molecules cm−3). When constrained with WRF‐Chem values of boundary layer average POH and VOCR, the steady state model of CH2O explains most of the daily (r2 = 0.93) and average June–August (r2 = 0.97) spatial variance of the fully simulated cloud‐free CH2O column. These findings imply that measurements of the CH2O column offer the potential to better understand the processes affecting oxidation, particularly in remote regions, where OH concentrations are low. The findings also suggest that the inference of VOC emissions based on measurements of CH2O, or any other intermediate oxidation species with a photolytic lifetime that is short relative to removal by reaction with OH (e.g., glyoxal), should carefully account for the influence of OH on the observed pattern, especially where OH concentrations are below 5 × 106 molecules cm−3, as occurs in remote forests, where OH strongly varies, as occurs downwind of large nitrogen oxide (NOx: NO+NO2) emission sources, or where OH sources are potentially biased.
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liang Xinmiao , Shen Aijin , Guo Zhimou
Published: November 2015

Chromatography is categorized after the type of mobile phase used, liquid, gas, or supercritical chromatography. Liquid chromatography is a very important separation method used in practically all chemistry fields. This chapter focuses on the basic theory necessary for a deeper understanding of the separation process. It covers new trends in liquid chromatography today. Analytical (linear) chromatography can be described by relatively simple models: injection of an
n
component mixture will give
n
Gaussian‐shaped peaks, which are more or less separated in the chromatogram. The chapter also focuses on analytical (linear) models assuming Gaussian peaks. It also talks about basic retention models and kinetics, band broadening and the plate height concept, sources of zone broadening, and dependence of zone broadening on flow rate. The new technique using small particles was given the name high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).