bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of In-Vehicle Ethernet Information Fault Detection Based on IEEE 802.1Qci
Authors: Wang Yue , Wu Yu-Jing , Xu Yi-Hu , Xu Yi-Nan
Published: March 2023

With features such as the high data transfer rate of 1G/bps and strong compatibility, in-vehicle Ethernet can become the backbone network of next-generation in-vehicle bus network systems. Currently, in-vehicle Ethernet is mainly used in audio and video entertainment systems, to further improve the network security performance of in-vehicle Ethernet, the information security of the data layer and physical layer in the in-vehicle bus network system must be ensured. Based on the characteristics of in-vehicle Ethernet data frame structure, this paper introduces IEEE 802.1 Qci protocol, proposes an information fault detection method through data shifting, detection, and policing, and verifies it by simulation with OMNET++ simulation system. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of in-vehicle Ethernet data during transmission can reach 99.61%, which further improves the network security performance of in-vehicle Ethernet.
On the Unreliability of Network Simulation Results FROM Mininet and iPerf
Authors: Hardin Benjamin , Comer Douglas , Rastegarnia Adib
Published: March 2023

The networking research community and industry both use the Mininet network simulator to assess new network architectures and predict how new designs will perform. Mininet employs an emulation approach that uses concurrent processes running in a single computer instead of physical hardware. A user specifies a network consisting of network switches, routers, and host computers that have network interface connections and links connecting all the pieces. Mininet creates software artifacts to represent each of the network devices and allows application programs to send packets across the resulting network. Researchers often use the iPerf application to measure network performance. Many research papers report results from Mininet and iPerf and use the results to validate new designs for Software-Defined Networks (SDNs). However, there has been little investigation into the scenarios where these emulations can perform different than intended. The goal of this paper is to understand the edge cases of these emulation methods and understand the severity of these scenarios. This paper reports surprising anomalies in the results of Mininet and iPerf. We show that the choice of apparently valid configuration options can make the reported throughput completely invalid. Our initial discoveries focused on a complex simulation of a data center network. However, we were able to show that Mininet produces completely invalid results for a basic case: network traffic traveling across a single emulated link between two switches with no other network traffic. The paper makes recommendations for ways to configure Mininet to avoid some of the anomalies.
A Proposal on How to Use Blockchain to Secure Communications in 5G Ecosystem
Authors: Mujeye Stephen , Qaddour Jihad , Ullah Sameeh , Calderon Susan , Rhykerd Rob , Edamala Charles , Kidwaro Fanson
Published: March 2023

5G provides businesses with high-speed Internet access, faster bandwidth, and low latency. The use of IoT and 5G-enabled sensors provides new opportunities within networks. There are several use cases of 5G with IoT health care, agriculture, remote learning, logistics, manufacturing, government, and retail. However, some security and privacy problems must be addressed within the 5G ecosystem. There is a need to secure user and device associations and data integrity as 5G is becoming more and more popular. In this research-in-progress, we seek to solve security and privacy problems in 5G by applying Blockchain technology to secure 5G connections. The research will consist of an interdisciplinary team of researchers from Illinois State University (ISU) and non-academic-industry partners. During the study, we build a prototype that solves problems in agriculture and healthcare. A private 5G network is installed at ISU. Moisture sensors and IoT devices are installed at the university farm to monitor soil moisture. Tracking soil moisture helps to conserve water. Additionally, we also work with a local clinic and provide underserved patients with chronic illnesses with sensors and IoT devices that help them track and monitor their chronic conditions. The patients will have monitors that track blood pressure and blood sugar. The IoT devices and sensors send collected data to a database accessible by healthcare professionals at the clinic. This helps the patients receive care that helps them manage their conditions better. Blockchain will be applied during the proposed study to secure communications between the sensors at the university farm and the private 5G network. Blockchain is also be applied to secure communications between the patients and healthcare providers at the clinic. The collected results are analyzed to see if there is a significant difference in suspicious activities in agriculture and healthcare communications. The results have a broader impact, including helping underserved community members to receive good care in managing their chronic conditions. The results also help secure other use cases of 5G with IoT devices.
Ethics and Responsibility in Facing COVID-19 in the Context of Brazilian Public Agents
Authors: Nohama Norton , Soares da Silva Jefferson , Simão-Silva Daiane Priscila
Published: March 2023

The year 2020 will be remembered as the year in which a pandemic caused by the SARSCoV- 2 virus precipitated a major disruption in the functioning of contemporary societies. A global event with peculiar regional consequences. It is in this context that we will discuss the ethical aspects of the actions under the responsibility of public officials, namely the ones on national Brazilian relevance for the confrontation of COVID-19. The analysis of the pandemic’s effects in Brazil should be based not only on the events triggered at the current moment, whose transience is still an insufficiently known factor, but also on the social, political, and historically economic determinants that heavily interfere in the present events, as well as in the post epidemic future, highlighting the possible scenarios that the political normative, governmental, social, and economic choices underway point to. The tragedy of our time once again presents us with a challenge that is not new, the challenge of a new order, a global order of survival and, therefore, necessarily, a new ethic, an ethic of a global and profound responsibility. This path can only be treated with wisdom and compassion through a model of responsible governance.
Experiencias etnográficas y preocupaciones éticas en espacios de atención a la salud en México
Authors: Peña Sánchez Edith Yesenia , Hernández Albarrán Lilia
Published: March 2023

En México, la integración de estudiantes-investigadores de antropología en salud a espacios de atención a la salud es muy reciente, por lo que resulta relevante conocer el proceso histórico y de la misma forma problematizar la interacción de estos con los prestadores de salud, así como con sus usuarios, a fin de discutir sobre la posibilidad de acceso para realizar indagaciones sobre las prácticas etnográficas, funciones y consecuencias de la presencia del investigador social en dicho espacio, desde la visión del estudiante de posgrado. Por lo anterior, se realizaron grupos focales con diez alumnos del área de antropología en salud, en los que se averiguó sobre la experiencia de sus investigaciones en los ámbitos anteriormente mencionados, llegando a la conclusión de que son de relevancia tres ejes: en primer lugar, la preparación de trabajo antropológico para y en la institución, seguido de la performatividad en la institución y, por último, los conflictos tanto administrativos, como operativos en la práctica etnográfica. Estos ejes se desarrollaron en este trabajo, y a través de ellos se plantearon y describieron las tensiones de la práctica profesional antropológica en instituciones de salud, con base en el hecho de que la etnografía en estos espacios confronta a dos disciplinas y lógicas institucionales diferentes. Finalmente, se realizó una reflexión desde las implicaciones éticas del desarrollo de la etnografía en estos espacios, al abrigo de los derechos humanos del usuario-paciente.
Principios bioéticos y virtudes éticas en la toma de decisiones fisioterapéuticas en una unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) de Bogotá
Authors: Sánchez-Alfaro Luis Alberto , Gómez Henao Jessyca
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: analizar los principios bioéticos y las virtudes éticas en la toma de decisiones de fisioterapeutas de una unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) en Bogotá. Metodología: estudio cualitativo en el que participaron fisioterapeutas especialistas en cuidado crítico, trabajadores de una uci en Bogotá. Herramientas de recolección de información: observación participante, diario de campo y entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizó análisis categorial de tipo hermenéutico. Resultados: las principales discusiones bioéticas en la uci remiten a los principios de autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia, tangencialmente a los principios de dignidad humana y derechos humanos, igualdad, justicia y equidad, y respeto de la vulnerabilidad humana y la integridad personal. Algunas virtudes expresadas fueron benevolencia, compasión, cuidado y prudencia. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con los participantes, los principios de respeto por la autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia son herramientas para analizar, reflexionar y solucionar conflictos que día a día ocurren en las UCI; la virtud de la prudencia es la más difícil de cultivar, especialmente por el contexto de grave-dad del paciente en la uci o al informar sobre su estado a familiares. En la UCI se debe fomentar la discusión sobre principios bioéticos basados en derechos humanos y en virtudes éticas del personal asistencial, en aras de prácticas humanizadas y de calidad.
Effect of Application of E-Kinerja Assessment System in Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Niswaty Risma , Basit Muhammad Assalaam , Nur Andi Cudai , Arhas Sitti Hardiyanti
Published: March 2023

A quantitative study that aims to determine the effect of the application of the E-Kinerja assessment system in improving employee performance at the Rappocini District Office in Makassar City. The application of the E-Kinerja appraisal system is an independent variable, whereas employee performance is the dependent variable. The study included all the employees at the Rappocini Sub-District Office of Makassar City, amounting to 52 permanent employees and contract workers. The analysis technique used was simple regression. The results of this study were the application of the E-Kinerja assessment system application, namely the ease of using the E-Kinerja application, the achievement of targets and work realization, and attendance integrity had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, namely quality, quantity, implementation of duties and responsibilities at the Makassar City Rappocini Sub-district Office. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the application of the E-Kinerja appraisal system, employee performance has increased.
Keywords: E-Kinerja appraisal system application, employee performance
Tourist Interests as a Basis for Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Tourism Visit Recovery Planning: Studies in the Ecotourism Area of Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province
Authors: Nurhaida Ida , Sitorus Siti Herawati , Bakri Samsul , Despa Dikpride , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: March 2023

Ecotourism is expected to revive in the post COVID-19 pandemic, as currently the lowland conservation area with the highest biodiversity in the world is Way Kambas National Park, Lampung province, Indonesia. Attractiveness is the main variable as the basis for planning the restoration of tourist visit performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the country of origin variable and demographics of respondents in the attractiveness of ecotourism objects in WKNP. As a result, from May 2022 to August 2022, a 15-minute video about the exoticism of WKNP had been uploaded on the https://research-mil.unila.ac.id/ site. At the end of the video, a questionnaire is presented in Indonesian, English, French, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic. The Ordinal Logistic Regression Postulate is used at the 95% confidence level. There are three levels of response variables that score 0, 1, and 2 to express not interested, interested, and very interested in visiting WKNP, respectively. The predictor variable is the respondent’s characteristics, which include the respondent’s origin, age, gender, number of dependents, income, and professional group. Optimization of model parameters and hypothesis testing were carried out at a 95% significance level using Minitab 19 software. The results showed that the attractiveness of visiting was influenced by: (a) country of origin, 33.09 times more foreign respondents compared to domestic ones with P = 0.037; (b) those who are 1 year older have a higher attractiveness, namely 1.06 times; and (c) whose professions as teachers, civil servants, and professional workers are lower, namely only 0.08 times, 0.09 times, and 0.14 times compared to housewives or students. The policy implications for redeveloping plans to improve tourist interest in visiting WKNP need to be focused on prospective tourists from abroad, with the main target being professions other than civil service employees.
Keywords: demographic, overseas, post-pandemic, and logistic ordinal regression
Management for Alleviating Poverty Among Fishermen Through Empowering Female Fishermen in North Kalimantan
Authors: Kahar Muhammad Rais , Broto Mani Festati
Published: March 2023

Research related to poverty alleviation models for fishermen has been widely carried out. However, models involving female fishermen have not been thoroughly investigated. This article explores the public policy management model in alleviating poverty in fishermen by involving female fishermen. In this study, the researchers employed the descriptive-qualitative method with a documentation study by reviewing the results of relevant previous studies. The collected data were analyzed using an inductive approach to social phenomena related to female fishermen. Results showed that: (1) poverty in fishermen was caused by the low monthly income, the use of traditional fishing gear, the lack of corporate effort, and the low level of education of fishermen; (2) the ineffectiveness of poverty alleviation policies, among others, were caused by inaccurate program targets, being not in line with objectives, administrative problems, resource problems, misuse of assistance, the lack of socialization, inaccuracies of data, the low commitment of program participants, education level of program participants, low community participation, and lack of technical performance of program management; and (3) the right model for alleviating poverty in fishermen with the concept of women’s empowerment is through business development in the form of the establishment of cooperatives for female fishermen. Therefore, affirmative action is needed for the management of the cooperatives so that these female fishermen can manage their businesses more efficiently and productively through an empowerment model by collaborating with local governments, universities, and private sectors/companies. The local government may provide a series of training and assistance for the management of the cooperative, while the private sector reinforces managerial, production, and marketing aspects. Furthermore, universities can implement their Tri Dharma of higher education by helping the government and cooperatives managed by female fishermen, thereby improving the fishermen’s family economy.
Keywords: Poverty, Women’s Empowerment, Collaboration.
Analysis of Supporting Factors for the Development of Tourism Destinations Based on Local Wisdom in South Lampung
Authors: Hermawan Dedy , Hutagalung Simon S.
Published: March 2023

Cultural diversity and community identity in South Lampung have the potential to be packaged in a tourism model based on local wisdom. Based on this description, the research question can be formulated: What are the potential factors in developing a tourism model based on local wisdom in South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province? This research was conducted as R&D research, where data combines qualitative methods through direct observation, in-depth interviews with parties related to research, and quantitative methods through surveys. From the results of the study, it is known that the majority of tourists visiting South Lampung are mainly in the category of ”the casual cultural tourist” or tourists who want to enjoy other cultural heritages on a limited basis as a reason for traveling and in these destinations, they only visit attractions at a glance. Meanwhile, it is also understandable if the development of tourist destinations in the district has the potential to adopt a variety of local wisdom in the various interests of tourism policies in the region.
Keywords: regional tourism, local wisdom, tourism management
GRADUASI: Construction Independence Receiver Benefits of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) in Rural Areas
Authors: Purboyo Muhammad Guntur , Junaidi Junaidi , Faedlulloh Dodi , Amriwan Aziz , Raidar Usman
Published: March 2023

So far, direct assistance provided by the government to the community or poor families in the community is in the form of direct cash assistance. The program is in the form of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). However, the assistance is insufficient to have a significant impact on the community in order for the family to become independent. The dynamics of social life are so complex that they experience the spirit of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), which is to make people more independent. Concrete evidence should be a sign that the poor are independent, namely, they will graduate themselves without coercion from anyone. This means that they release the assistance provided by the government in the form of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) without coercion and with full awareness. The graduation process that has occurred and has not yet occurred has become a dynamic that needs to be seen from a scientific perspective, thus providing scientific information about the dynamics that occur in the community of Way Wakak Village, North Lampung Regency. Therefore, to see the dynamics of graduation in the spectrum of knowledge, a study was conducted on ”GRADUASI: Construction Independence Receiver Benefits of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) in Rural Areas” in Way Wakak Village, North Lampung. The study aims provide an overview of the dynamics of graduation that occurs in the midst of the poor, who will later find a formulation to make a more independent society. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies. In addition, this study also uses quantitative techniques in collecting data, both in the form of primary and secondary data. This research was conducted in Way Wakak Village, North Lampung. With this method and the field of study that will be investigated, this study will produce the dynamics of PKH beneficiary families in their social life, whether they are already empowered after the assistance or otherwise. The aim is to know the condition of the community comprehensively and is useful to provide an overview and appropriate solutions that can be offered if the assistance is not significantly successful. Thus, the graduation which is part of the PKH is actually carried out by the community voluntarily on the basis of their independence.
Keywords: graduation, construction, independence, beneficiaries, PKH
L'indépendance de la BDL et les déterminants de la crise économique au Liban
Authors: Rizkallah Siham
Published: March 2023

Cet article vise à identifier le concept d'indépendance de la Banque Centrale qui s'est propagé dans les années quatre-vingt avec la tendance à séparer la politique budgétaire de la politique monétaire pour permettre à cette dernière de lutter avec crédibilité et efficacité pour son objectif de stabilité monétaire et maitrise de l'inflation. Toutefois, la crise financière de 2008 a remis en question l'exigence de l'indépendance de la Banque Centrale par des Politiques Monétaires Non Conventionnelles (PMNC). Au regard de l'écroulement actuel de l'économie libanaise, il serait intéressant de se pencher sur le cas de Banque du Liban (BDL), dotée d'une certaine indépendance statutaire mais souffrant d'une faible indépendance fonctionnelle. En se référant au modèle de Jácome (2001) adéquat pour les économies dollarisées, nous démontrons que la BDL manque d'indépendance effective qui se traduit par son acceptation de se plier aux demandes continues du Trésor Public de contribuer au financement d'une dette publique croissante dont une partie en devises étrangères. La BDL maintient un ancrage rigide du taux de change dans une économie fortement dollarisée et implique l'ensemble du système bancaire dans des PMNC qu'elle nomme « ingénieries financières » et qui contribuent à l'écroulement multidimensionnel actuel (budgétaire, monétaire et bancaire).
Urbanisation, qualité des institutions et santé publique dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Yenlide Tchablemane , Bitassa Bawoupati , Okey Mawussé Komlagan Nézan , Kolani Lardja
Published: March 2023

Cet article vise à examiner la relation entre l'urbanisation et les indicateurs de santé publique sous le prisme de la qualité des institutions dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). En utilisant un panel de 41 pays couvrant la période 2002 à 2019 et la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM), les résultats montrent que l'urbanisation actuelle de l'ASS, ne s'accompagne pas d'une amélioration des indicateurs de santé. Cependant, des institutions fortes atténuent l'effet négatif de l'urbanisation sur les résultats en matière de santé publique. Ces résultats impliquent que les gouvernements des pays d'ASS doivent promouvoir des institutions fortes et inclusives afin de garantir les gains sanitaires de l'urbanisation.
La croissance économique au Sénégal est-elle inclusive?
Authors: Mbaye Souleyman , Diallo Souleymane
Published: March 2023

Au Sénégal, en dépit des résultats relativement appréciables depuis la dévaluation du franc CFA avec des taux supérieurs à 6% depuis 2014 (sauf pour 2020 qui correspond à la récession due à la COVID-19), la croissance économique n'est pas assez ressentie dans le panier de la ménagère, d'où une forte interrogation sur l'inclusivité de cette croissance, même si on est relativement loin des taux à deux chiffres. L'objectif de ce papier est de mesurer le caractère inclusif de la croissance économique du Sénégal à travers la construction d'un indicateur de croissance inclusive (ISCIS). Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes inspirés de la méthode utilisée par le PNUD pour l'IDH en l'appliquant à l'approche multidimensionnelle de la croissance inclusive de Zhuang et Ali (2010). Il apparaît ainsi que sur la période de l'étude (1980-2018), la croissance économique n'est pas inclusive au Sénégal dans la mesure où, l'ISCIS est en moyenne (0,413) inférieure à 0,5.
Effet de l'accès aux services de soins de santé sur mortalité infantile au Togo
Authors: Pelenguei Essohanam , Kafando Benoit , Mawuena Kokouvi Kunalè , Evlo Kodjo
Published: March 2023

Cet article vise à analyser les effets d'un accès sans restriction aux soins de santé sur la mortalité infantile au Togo. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur un modèle de duré à risque proportionnel pour évaluer ces effets. A la suite des estimations de ce modèle à partir des données de l'Enquête Démographique et de Santé réalisée au Togo en 2013, nos résultats montrent que naître en présence d'un personnel de santé qualifié contribue à réduire le risque de mortalité des enfants de moins d'un an. Par ailleurs, une amélioration de l'éducation des mères améliore la probabilité de survie des enfants au-delà de leur premier anniversaire. Ce travail permet de souligner la nécessité d'investir dans la formation du personnel soignant et aussi encourager l'éducation des filles. De tels investissements permettront de réduire significativement la mortalité infantile.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in Bulk and Injection Dosage Form
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradhesh­, 520010, India, Suneetha A , Lakshmi M Vijaya , Jyothi K , Priyanka B Yoga
Published: March 2023

A simple, sensitive, specific, accurate, and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in injection dosage form, using a Waters Model No.2695 series compact system fitted with Agilent - C18 column (BDS) (150 X 4.6 mm, 5μm) and a mobile phase composed of 0.01N KH2PO4 buffer (pH: 4.8): acetonitrile (70:30v/v). The 260 nm wavelength was chosen. The retention times of cabotegravir and rilpivirine were found to be 2.30 and 3.187 minutes, respectively. Linearity was established for cabotegravir and rilpivirine in the range of 25-150 µg/mL and 37.5-225µg/mL respectively: with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999 for both the drugs. Cabotegravir and rilpivirine were found to have %RSDs of 0.4 and 0.3 respectively, for system precision. The proposed methods intra- and inter-day precision assessments showed a relative standard deviation (%RSD) below the maximum permitted level of 2.0. Accuracy was carried out in triplicate, and the percentage recovery was 100.25% for cabotegravir and 99.79% for rilpivirine, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for cabotegravir were found to be 0.24 and 0.74  μg/mL, respectively and 1.10 and 3.34 μg/mL, for rilpivirine respectively. Both medications were put to a range of stress conditions, including thermal, acidic, basic, oxidative, and photolytic stress. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of heat, UV, and neutral environments, considerable degradation was found in acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions where a good separation of drug peaks was seen in the presence of the degradation products. As a result, this technique can be used to quantitatively to analyze cabotegravir and rilpivirine in bulk drug and injection dosage forms. Keywords: Cabotegravir, RP HPLC, Rilpivirine, ICH guidelines
Studies of Antibacterial Activity of the Seed Extract of Solanum surattense Burm. F .
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P, 522213, India, Ram Menavath Tulasi Naik , Gunturu Sai Kushal , Shaik Afzal Basha , Babu Yadlapalli Jaya Prasanth , Kumari Sardena Siyonu
Published: March 2023

Crude Flavonoids extracted from crushed seeds of dried ripe fruits of Solanum surattense Burm F. were screened for antimicrobial activity against two bacteria – Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans – which were found to be major contributers for occurrence of Dental caries. Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, and Time Kill curve of the extract against each sensitive test pathogen, were evaluated. The flavonoid extract showed good antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans than towards Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MIC & MBC of Streptococcus mutans is 25µg/mL & 25µg/mL respectively. MIC & MBC of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is 50µg/mL & 50µg/mL respectively. Time Kill Curve of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 2hr and 2hr respectively. Keywords: ­ Solanum surattense, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Time kill curve
Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Favipiravir with Citalopram and Pioglitazone
Authors:   Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, Alkaç Zeliha Keskin ​ , Özek Dilan Aşkın , Yüce Hande , Korkak Fatih Ahmet , Aslan Sümeyye , Türkmen Neşe Başak , Ünüvar Songül
Published: March 2023

The current study's objective was to investigate the interactions of favipiravir with pioglitazone and citalopram. 25 Spraque-Dawley female rats were used in the study. Rats in groups 1 and 4 were given pioglitazone (1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and rats in groups 2 and 5 were given citalopram (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were given a loading dose (50 mg/kg) on the 6th day of the study and a maintenance dose of favipiravir (30 mg/kg) on the 7th day of the study. After the last drug administration, blood samples were taken from the rats at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Plasma concentrations of drugs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in liver tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pioglitazone changed the pharmacokinetics of favipiravir and increased t1/2, AUC, MRT and Cl values. Favipiravir did not affect the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone at a steady state. When used together, favipiravir significantly decreased Cl while increasing citalopram's t1/2, AUC, and MRT values. While citalopram increased the t1/2, Cmax, AUMC, and Cl values of favipiravir, it decreasing the AUC value. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions have been determined between favipiravir and AO substrates or modulators. It is thought that if the results obtained are supported by human studies, it will guide the concomitant use of these drugs in the clinic to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. Keywords: Drug-drug interaction, Favipiravir, Pioglitazone, Citalopram, Aldehyde oxidase
The Acute and Chronic Effects of GoNoodle Brain Breaks on Reading Fluency Among Elementary School Children
Authors: Wold Hannah , Prusak Keven A. , Barney David C. , Wilkinson Carol
Published: March 2023

There is growing evidence that increased physical fitness and physical activity (PA) rates are positively associated with academic achievement. Recent efforts toward Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAP) include the use of PA breaks during academic learning activities. This study examined the acute and chronic effects of PA breaks (via GoNoodle) on the reading fluency of 384 elementary school children. Reading scores (words per minute, reading accuracy, and words retold) increased significantly in certain chronic and acute conditions. Findings provide additional support of the growing body of research for the use of PA for enhancing academic achievement, specifically reading fluency.
Anthropometric Variables and Visual Reaction: A Relationship Study on Volleyball Players
Authors: Chatterjee Kallol , Ghosh Krishnendu , Biswas Sudarsan
Published: March 2023

Volleyball is a competitive sport and the main goal is to win or defeat other teams. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between selected anthropometric variables and reaction time of volleyball players. Fourteen district-level volleyball players from Bolpur, Birbhum, and West Bengal were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects was 19 to 25 years. Anthropometric segments (i.e., height, weight, arm length, leg length, BMI, and reaction time) were the variables of the study. Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient was used to find out the relationship. The level of significance was set at 0.05. There is a positive relationship between reaction time and weight, arm length, leg length, and BMI, but there is a negative relationship between height and reaction time of volleyball players.
Evaluación de la fertilidad de los suelos en sistemas agroforestal con Palma Africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Furcal-Beriguete Parménides , Robles-Argüello Zeydi , Salazar-Díaz Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Se muestrearon cinco parcelas de tres años, establecidas por la Iniciativa Osa & Golfito (INOGO), cada parcela constaba con dos tratamientos los cuales fueron sistema agroforestal (SAF) integrado por E. guineensis, C. megalantha, T. cacao y Musa sp, y el monocultivo de E. guineensis; cuyo objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de un sistema productivo agroforestal con Elaeis guineensis sobre la fertilidad fisicoquímica del suelo.   Se determinó la densidad aparente del suelo y se extrajeron muestras compuestas en dos profundidades, obteniéndose el contenido de nutrientes, la materia orgánica, la densidad de partículas y la porosidad. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente en donde las parcelas fungieron como bloques, sin mostrar diferencias significativas para algunas variables edáficas y elementos evaluados; sin embargo, el contenido de fósforo fue significativamente más alto en el SAF y disminuyó con la profundidad del suelo 0 – 20 cm  a  20 – 40 cm, el magnesio aumentó estadísticamente del año 2019 al 2020, igualmente que la materia orgánica, el carbono y el nitrógeno total y  fueron superiores en la superficie (0 -20 cm) que a la profundidad  20 - 40 cm.
Análisis hidrológico e hidrodinámico del Monumento Nacional Guayabo y su impacto frente al cambio climático
Authors: Zamora-Varela Daphne María , Borge-Leandro David
Published: March 2023

En Costa Rica existe un patrimonio y un legado de la Ingeniería Civil, en la provincia de Cartago: Monumento Nacional Guayabo es un sitio con zonas arqueológicas de más de 1000 años d.C. Hoy en día se han presentado distintos problemas de erosión y anegamiento en el sitio que amenaza con el deterioro de la infraestructura.
La importancia de la investigación se centraliza en un análisis de la situación actual y futura de la escorrentía y como esta puede ver afectada por el cambio climático, además de una propuesta de solución basada en una zanja de infiltración.
Los datos hidrodinámicos se obtuvieron de una tormenta de 30 min, con un periodo de retorno de 50 años con un incremento en la lluvia de un 18% por el cambio climático, donde se estudian las variables de velocidad y calado de la escorrentía. Los valores críticos obtenidos son de 1,43 m/s y 0,47 m respectivamente. El hidrograma crítico correspondiente al escenario con un periodo de retorno de 50 años y un incremento del 18%, muestra un caudal de 0,65 m³/s y el hietograma en el mismo escenario muestra una cantidad de precipitación de 19 mm.
Dicho esto, se propone como solución una zanja de infiltración con GeoPockets para acumular la escorrentía superficial, la cual ayuda a disminuir el anegamiento y detiene la erosión.
Con la solución propuesta se lograría liberar la zona del monumento de la escorrentía superficial sin secar el sistema hidráulico ni los canales del Monumento Nacional Guayabo.
Biomarcadores en el diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento de cáncer
Authors: Camacho-Sánchez Melissa , Leandro-Vargas Luis Alfredo , Mendoza-Salas Montserrat , Meza-Gutiérrez Natalie , Montero-Zúñiga Fabricio
Published: March 2023

En el presente escrito se destaca la importancia que tienen los biomarcadores en el área biomédica para el desarrollo de tecnologías que permiten el diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento de enfermedades como el cáncer. Se recalcan tres de los biomarcadores para el cáncer que han demostrado ser efectivos para su tratamiento: el antígeno prostático específico (PSA), el cuál es de suma importancia al determinar recurrencias de cáncer de próstata y evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento, el micro ARN (miARN), el cual se muestra alterado en células cancerígenas, y la hormona β-HCG. Este último se puede emplear como marcador tumoral para varios tipos de cáncer y se ha determinado que esta hormona puede actuar como inhibidora de la apoptosis y estimula el crecimiento de células cancerígenas. Además, existe una relación directa entre la concentración de β-HCG y la agresividad del cáncer.
Optimización de un sistema difuso para la detección automática de tránsitos planetarios en curvas de luz de estrellas individuales
Authors: Muñoz Cardenas Christian Leonardo , Gómez Lozano David Santiago , Marquez Cristian , Suarez Torres Edilberto , Delgado Correal Maykol Camilo
Published: March 2023

El método de tránsito es un método efectivo para identificar planetas extrasolares, que se basa en la disminución poco profunda que provoca un planeta en el brillo aparente de su estrella anfitriona. Sin embargo, los eventos de tránsito están muy cerca del límite de la sensibilidad de detección de los telescopios y se necesitan al menos tres (3) eventos de tránsito producidos por el mismo planeta para confirmar el descubrimiento de éste, lo que hace que se requieran observaciones por tiempos prolongados de una estrella para detectar planetas extrasolares que puedan estar orbitandola, lo que resulta en grandes cantidades de datos que deben ser analizados. En este trabajo se desarrolló una nueva tuberia de software (pipeline) para la detección autónoma de rastros de tránsitos planetarios analizando características extraídas de curvas de luz estelares utilizando un clasificador de lógica difusa, evadiendo la tarea de buscar tránsitos en cada sección de las curvas de luz. Para el desarrollo de esta tuberia de software se implementó la metodologia llamada: Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) la cual presenta una forma de extraer conocimiento de grandes conjuntos de datos.
Aplicación de técnicas de Deep Learning en modelamiento y observación de la fotósfera solar
Authors: Morales Suarez Germain Nicolas , Agudelo Ortiz Juan Esteban , Santiago Vargas Dominguez  , Shelyag Sergiy
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo se enmarca en las aplicaciones de las redes neuronales en el estudio y modelamiento delos fenómenos presentes en la fotósfera solar. La investigación propuesta se basa en el modelo de redesadversarias generativas haciendo uso de las módulos de inteligencia artificial de Pytorch. Se busca entrenaruna red neuronal capaz de generar grupos de imágenes de una alta similitud con imágenes de entrenamiento,dichas imágenes corresponden a magnitudes físicas de la fotósfera solar tales como densidad, campomagnético, velocidad del plasma, temperatura, entre otras, obtenidas del código de simulación MURaM,aunque la red neuronal puede entrenarse para generar imágenes de cualquier magnitud física. El trabajo seenfoca en la generación de imágenes de campo magnético en la fotósfera solar. Se presentan los resultadosde entrenamiento de la red neuronal, la comparativa entre las imágenes de entrenamiento y las imágenesgeneradas, y se proponen los retos para usar estas herramientas en el estudio de la fotósfera solar.
Sobre el movimiento y propiedades físicas de puntos magnéticos brillantes en la fotosfera solar
Authors: Berrios Saavedra Yeimy Gerardine , Dominik Utz  , Santiago Vargas
Published: March 2023

Las observaciones en alta resolución de la fotosfera solar han revelado la existencia de estructuras compuestasde diminutos Puntos Magnéticos Brillantes o MBPs (por sus siglas en inglés). Tales estructuras a pequeñaescala están asociadas con regiones de campo magnético fuerte del orden de kilogauss (kG). Diversasinvestigaciones han estudiado algunas de las propiedades físicas de los MBPs gracias a observaciones de altaresolución que permiten en la actualidad definir detalles y evolución de tales estructuras. El presente estudiohace un análisis de algunos de estos parámetros dinámicos a través del uso de series de tiempo de imágenesde la fotosfera solar adquiridas con el telescopio solar terrestre de alta resolución, HiFI/GREGOR en labanda G (4308 Å) y el telescopio espacial Hinode. Se realiza el seguimiento de los MBPs para determinar susmovimientos propios. Adicionalmente se obtienen curvas de luz que evidencian su variación en intensidad yse analiza cómo es el comportamiento del tamaño y de la trayectoria a lo largo de su tiempo de vida. Losresultados establecen que las medidas de los parámetros dinámicos de los MBPs están influenciadas porel instrumento utilizado, ya que con el cambio de la resolución espacial y temporal se obtienen resultadosdiferentes.
Time study of Earth’s magnetic field in Colombia: Fúquene Geomagnetic Observatory
Authors: Hernández Hernán Darío , Calderón John Freddy , Chacón Cesar Alexander
Published: March 2023

In this article the behavior over time of the Earth’s magnetic field in the municipality of Fúquene, Colombia is determined. From the historical series of magnetic field measurements over the Earth’s surface provided by the Fúquene geomagnetic observatory, which contains the historical record of 60 years of hourly measurements of the terrestrial magnetic field components, a regression analysis of the terrestrial magnetic field components as a function of time was performed. Two methods were used to remove outliers that complemented each other, the Z_score method and the Hampel filter. In the analized period since 1955 to 2015, the intensity of the terrestrial magnetic field has decreased by 14%, with a projected variation of more than 25% for the year 2055. The magnetic field intensity change rate 0.08675 [μT/year] was calculated and compared with the information reported by NOAA (National Oceanica and Atmospheric Administration) finding an excellent agreement. Besides, the ocurrence of geomagnetic storms in the data was determined, from the gradients of the horizontal component of the magnetic field during the main solar events that occurred in the study period. According to the historical behavior of the terrestrial magnetic field components, in the future we expect that the decreasing of Earth’s magnetic Field continues, which would imply a higher threat to the effects of space weather in the country, such as the generation of GICs (Geomagnetically Induced Currents) in the Colombian electricity system.
Efectos del bombeo incoherente de excitones en la susceptibilidad óptica lineal de una nanoestructura esférica
Authors: Portacio Lamadrid Alfonso , Cano L.E. , Correa K.D.
Published: March 2023

Se estudian los efectos del bombeo incoherente de excitones sobre una nanoestructura semicondutora con geometría esférica que interactua con luz monocromática. Se consideraron los procesos disipativos pér- dida por emisión espontánea y pérdida de fase coherente mediante el formalismo de sistemas cuánticos abiertos, usando una ecuación maestra con términos de Lindblad, donde también se incluye el bombeo incoherente. Se usó la técnica de la expansión perturbativa sobre el operador densidad aplicado sobre el operador de polarización. Se obtuvo una expresión de la susceptibilidad óptica lineal en una nanoestruc- tura que incluye el bombeo incoherente. Además se encontró que el bombeo incoherente de excitones no afecta la separación energética de los niveles del sistema cuántico.
Efecto de la concentración de Aluminio sobre la generación del segundo armónico en un punto cuántico de AsGa/AsGa1−xAlx
Authors: Montes Macea Alexander Jose , Cano L.E. , Portacio Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Se estudia teóricamente el efecto de la concentración de aluminio sobre la generación del segundo armónico (SHG) en un punto cuántico cilíndrico (CQD), usando el formalismo de la matriz densidad y un procedimiento perturbativo. Los niveles de energía y las funciones de onda de un electrón en el CQD se obtuvieron solucionando la ecuación de Schrödinger independiente del tiempo en el marco de la aproximación de masa efectiva. Los cálculos numéricos se efectúan para un CQD de AsGa/AsGa1−xAlx. Se encontró que el aumento de la concentración de alumnio produce una disminución de la intensidad de la SHG y un corrimiento al azul en los picos resonantes de la respuesta óptica objeto de estudio.
Análisis de las estimaciones de los efectos aleatorios de un modelo jerárquico con distribuciones a priori de colas pesadas
Authors: Rojas Mora Jessica Maria , Ramírez Guevara Isabel
Published: March 2023

Los modelos jerárquicos Bayesianos son utilizados en la modelación de datos en diferentes áreas en las cuales las estructuras jerárquicas se reflejan a través de efectos aleatorios. La distribución de probabilidad considerada como elección natural para el modelamiento de los efectos aleatorios es la Normal. Como distribución a priori para el parámetro de escala regularmente se utiliza Gamma-inversa (ε,ε) (IG) con valores de ε muy pequeños y esta selección ha tenido críticas, algunos autores comentan que se pueden obtener distribuciones posteriores inestables, lo cual ocasiona que la inferencia no sea robusta. Distri- buciones como half -Cauchy, Beta2 escalada (SBeta2) y Uniforme son consideradas como alternativas por diversos autores para modelar el parámetro de escala. En el presente trabajo de investigación se examinó el comportamiento de las estimaciones de los efectos aleatorios de un modelo jerárquico con un enfoque Bayesiano. Se asumió efectos aleatorios distribuidos t-Student y parámetro de escala distribuidos half - Cauchy, SBeta2 y Uniforme. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de simulación para evaluar el comportamiento del error de estimación de los efectos del modelo. Con base a los resultados obtenidos, y bajo los diferentes escenarios en consideración, fue posible examinar el encogimiento de los parámetros a posteriori del mo- delo y se pudo establecer que en presencia de valores atípicos, esta medida es menor cuando los efectos se modelan con una distribución t de Student comparados con los obtenidos cuando se le asocia a los efectos una distribución Normal bajo las misma distribuciones a priori para el parámetro de escala. 3
A hybrid system bases on silica-alumina and Keggin heteropolyacids as catalyst in the suitable 2-(2-furyl)-chromones and chromanones synthesis
Authors: V. Palermo  , D. Ruiz  , A. Sathicq  , P. Vázquez  , G. Romanelli
Published: March 2023

Molybdophosphoric acid/silica-alumina composites are synthesized a through a process described, in which the heteropolyacid was impregnated on different silica-aluminas, obtained by sol-gel. Three different techniques were used to prepare the samples. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and different thermal treatments were applied. The hybrid systems were characterized by using SBET, DRX, XRD and acidity measurements.
 The catalytic activity of these materials was tested in the solvent-free cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-furyl)-1,3-propanedione to 2-(2-furyl)-chromones. The transformation gives very good yields of product, free of secondary products. Environmental benign procedure, and easy catalyst separation, is relevant features of this methodology. In this way the catalyst can be used and reused six cycles without loss of catalytic activity. The most active catalyst was also used in the solvent-free cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propen-1-one and the methodology can be extended to the synthesis of other 2-(2-(furyl)-chromones and chromanones. The green context for this new procedure was confirmed by greenmetrics parameters.
Dynamic systems with delays under the smith predictor methodology
Authors: Mesa Fernando , Barba Ortega Jose Jose , Correa Germán
Published: March 2023

This contribution presents a solution to the dead time problem that is known as "Smith Predictor." This solution allows us to use already known techniques for the design of controllers for systems without delay and adapt them to systems with delay. "As a design goal, it aims to achieve that the response of the system with delay, has the same dynamic characteristics of the system without delay, for example, that has the same response to the step input, but displaced in time the value of the delay.