bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment effects of 3D-printed PCL/Fe3O4@ ZIF-8 magnetic nanocomposite on infected bone defect
Authors: Xiao Yun , Ding Yi , Qiu Jun , Zhang Xiaonan , Zheng Yanzhen , Huang Chong , Zhao Lu , Tang Zihao , Chen Yuanli , Liu Yiwen , Zhao Kezhen , Guo Kai , Jing Li , Ding Mingchao , Zong Chunlin , He Jiankang , Tian Lei
Published: April 2024

 Treatment of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge, especially for defects compounded by infection. It is essential to develop dual functional therapeutic systems that inhibit bacterial growth and promote bone regeneration for infected bone defects treatment. However, the ideal bone substitute biomaterials to repair infected bone defects remain scarce. In this study, we fabricated a novel magnetic nanocomposite with polycaprolactone (PCL)/Fe3O4@zinc-based imidazole zeolite framework-8 (ZIF-8) through three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The biomaterial characterization, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and osteogenic ability of the 3D-printed PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite were systematically investigated in vivo and in vitro. The 3D-printed PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite scaffolds showed a square porous grid structure with rough surface, thermal stability, superparamagnetic character, and slow release of Zn2+. The elevation of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 concentration increased surface roughness and porosity, improved the mechanical properties, and enhanced the saturation magnetization of PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 scaffolds. The PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 scaffolds possessed good biocompatibility and promoted the proliferation and adhesion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 scaffolds also upregulated the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the scaffolds showed excellent antibacterial activities, which increased with increasing Fe3O4@ ZIF-8 nanoparticle concentration. In vivo experiments proved that the scaffolds eliminated infection and promoted new bone formation in infected bone defect. Given excellent osteogenic and antibacterial activities, the 3D-printed PCL/Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite scaffolds could serve as novel materials for the treatment of infected bone defects.
Horsetail-inspired lattice structures for bone scaffold applications
Authors: Adrian Tan Seng Leong , Zhao Miao , Li Zhendong , Wang Zhonggang , Li Xinwei , Zhai Wei
Published: April 2024

A well-design bone scaffold is critical for facilitating post in vivo implantation recovery. Key factors, such as elastic moduli matching to alleviate stress shielding, anisotropic characteristics, and sufficient porosity for cell ingrowth, shape the design consideration for bone scaffolds. Herein, we propose a novel body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice with modified horsetail inspired cross-section strut members as the building block for synthetic bone scaffold application. We demonstrated that geometrical parameters can be varied to attain expected desirable mechanical properties. We also successfully matched the performance of the physical compression tests of Ti-6Al-4V-based samples manufactured using selective laser melting to that of the simulation environment to facilitate design. Through our work, we created Ti-6Al-4V-based lattices, which match the mechanical performance of native bone in terms of elastic moduli and yield strength. Biologically, the lattices provide in-strut pore dimensions that facilitate bone cell ingrowth as well as yield point that is beyond the strain required to promote secondary healing. The good energy absorption capability of our lattices also adds resilience to accidental damage when applied for use in bone scaffold design. We also discovered that the isotropy characteristic is decoupled from the outer radius of the designed lattice; this avoids convolution that would otherwise increase design difficulties. Through this novel design, the tuning of the mechanical properties to attain the key considerations with geometrical variations is made possible.
 
Oozing: An accessible technique to create 3D-printed scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering
Authors: Crespo-Santiago Juan , M. Delgado Luis , Madariaga Rafa , Millan Laia , Chico Oriol , Oliver Pau , Pérez Román , Otero-Viñas Marta
Published: April 2024

Tissue-engineered constructs require mimicking the extracellular matrix microenvironment of native tissue for better promoting cell growth. Commercial three-dimensional (3D) printers provide a versatile platform to fabricate tissue models, but they possess certain constraints regarding the reproduction of natural tissue structures due to the limited functionality of current slicing strategies and hardware. In this study, we present a new approach to 3D-printing polylactic acid (PLA) constructs with fibers in the range of microns by combining the oozing effect and algorithm-aided design (AAD) with a conventional fused deposition modeling printer. Three different oozing geometries were compared with two controls to explore their mechanical behavior and their cellular culture growth potential. Microscopic analysis revealed that oozing groups possessed higher porosity and statistically significantly thinner fibers than controls. Sodium hydroxide treatment reversibly increased the hydrophilicity of PLA without affecting the scaffolds’ mechanical properties in the compression tests. In addition, cell culture assays showed that oozing specimens exhibited a greater capacity of promoting SaOs-2 osteoblastic cell proliferation after 7 days in comparison with controls. We demonstrated that randomly distributed microfibered environments can be fabricated with an ordinary 3D printer utilizing the oozing effect and advanced AAD, resulting in improved biomimetic 3D constructs for tissue-engineering strategies.
Innovations of 3D printing technology in the clinical practice: Strategies against microbial and COVID-19 infection
Authors: Li Wang , Hai Youlong , Yang Ranxing , Zheng Kun , Fang Wenzhuo , Yu Jinlong , Xie Hong , Huang Yu , Ni Kai
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is making remarkable strides in the fields of biology and medicine due to its highly customizable manufacturing capabilities. Implant infections—severe complications occurring after the implantation of medical devices—result in patient discomfort and inflammation, and under most circumstances, removing the implants may pose latent life-threatening risks. In this context, 3D printing technology emerges as a powerful tool for the customized preparation of anti-infection materials. Precisely integrating antimicrobial agents, bioactive metal ions, antibacterial coatings, and other anti-infection materials into 3D-printed objects lays a foundation for developing direct and targeted intervention for infections, paving the way for innovative approaches to prevent and treat implant infections. This tailored method not only significantly improves treatment outcomes and mitigates patient side effects but also holds unprecedented potential for enhancing the biocompatibility of implants and reducing the risk of microbial infections, signifying profound implications for the future of medical advancements. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3D printing technology plays a pivotal role in preventing virus infection and addressing the increasing clinical demand, being employed to produce essential personal protective equipment. This technology not only enhances the adaptability of medical devices (such as respirator masks, face shields, and test kits) but also offers an innovative and prompt solution in response to the spread of COVID-19. This comprehensive review extensively explores cutting-edge research on 3D printing technology in the medical field, with a particular focus on in-depth analyses of infection preventive strategies in the clinical practice, including antimicrobial materials and medical devices against COVID-19. Finally, the review anticipates the ongoing development of medical biomaterials and devices produced by 3D printing technology, underscoring the expectations for the research and application of novel materials. This in-depth and comprehensive review provides profound insights for current research in the field and offers clear guidance for future scientific and clinical practices.
Considering cell viability in 3D printing of structured inks: A comparative and equivalent analysis of fluid forces
Authors: Wang Pengju , Sun Yazhou , Diao Liwei , Liu Haitao
Published: April 2024

In conventional extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing (E3DP), smaller needles reduce cell viability due to increased fluid forces like pressure and shear stress. A novel E3DP approach has emerged, involving 3D printing with structured inks. Fluid forces in both conventional and structured ink-based methods were evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. By employing 18G needles, we showcased the advantages of structured inks, including 2-symmetric, 4-symmetric, vascular-like, and hepatic lobule analogue-like inks, which demonstrated consistently lower pressures and shear stress compared with conventional inks. Specifically, vascular-like inks with a 2:1:1 extruded fiber layer distance showed significantly lower shear stress (average 6.595e+0 Pa, maximum 2.069e+2 Pa) than conventional methods. Equivalent analyses explored commonly used symmetric and core–shell inks, examining fluid forces on cells. Particularly, in core–shell inks with a 2.8 mm core layer radius, cells in the flow domain of the shell layer experienced an equivalent viscosity of 3.70 Pa·s, while in the core layer, it was 1.72 Pa·s. The analyses revealed a positive correlation between equivalent homogeneous ink viscosity and shear stress. The proposed workflow, emphasizing cell viability, offers an efficient approach for structured ink design. Also, experiments that used vascular-like ink-based printing as an example indicated significantly higher cell viability when compared with conventional printing. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing cell viability in 3D printing and advancing printing material design.
Three-dimensional-printed scaffolds functionalized with stem cell recruitment and cell respiration regulation for diabetic bone defects
Authors: Jiang Ke , Yan Caiping , Zhang Pengrui , Xiong Yongfu , Zhao Weikang , He Jiangtao , Chen Lu , Yang Hanfeng , Jiang Dianming , Huang Wei , Li Yuling
Published: April 2024

High-glucose microenvironment in diabetic patients is a source of damage to the cellular mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), which results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and enhanced apoptosis, eventually causing weakened cellular migration and differentiation as well as physical dysfunction. In patients with diabetic bone defects, the high-glucose microenvironment induces intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction and diminished migration and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), leading to impaired bone regeneration. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds were prepared by three-dimensional (3D) printing. The EPLQLKM (E7) and SS31 peptides were modified onto the surface of PCL porous scaffolds by chemical bonding to construct a 3D-printed porous scaffold system (PCL@SS31@E7) capable of stem cell recruitment and regulation of cellular MRC to treat diabetic bone defects. In vitro cellular energy metabolism and molecular biology experiments demonstrated that the scaffold system could continuously release E7 and SS31 peptides to recruit BMSCs, improve MRC function, reduce proton leakage, protect mitochondria, and promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs to regenerate bone tissue in a high-glucose environment. In vivo experiments confirmed that the PCL@SS31@E7 porous scaffold induced regeneration of normal bone tissue in the area of femoral condylar bone defects in diabetic rats. The 3D-printed porous scaffold constructed in this study is a novel biomaterial with the functions of stem cell recruitment and targeted regulation of MRC and provides a new direction for the treatment of various diseases related to diabetes and MRC dysfunction. 
Optimizing additively manufactured mouthguards: An evaluation of multi-layer materials for improved shock absorption and durability compared to conventionally fabricated samples
Authors: Li Chenyuan , Wada Takahiro , Tsuchida Yumi , Hayashi Kairi , Tanabe Gen , Ueno Toshiaki , Churei Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Although sports mouthguards (MGs) are mandatory in some contact sports, the use of conventional fabricated materials for making MGs is time-consuming and lacks precision, limiting their widespread application. In this study, we compared mouthguards designed using digital software with conventional ones. The conventional mouthguards were categorized into two types: those constructed from a poly-(ethylene vinyl acetate)-base material, and those constructed from MG21, a polyolefin-base material. The shock absorption and durability were assessed through a free-falling steel ball test and a fatigue test. The durability of the MGs was evaluated by measuring the retention force in the inner layer and deviations at consistent points on the outer layer during various fatigue test stages. Additively manufactured samples showed superior shock absorption performance, except for the double-layer samples with an inner layer of Shore A hardness 95. All single-layer additively manufactured MGs were damaged during the mid-fatigue test stage, while both double-layer additively manufactured and conventional MGs remained undamaged. Throughout all fatigue test stages, the retention force of double-layer additively manufactured MGs was significantly lower than that of conventional MGs. However, the retention force of double-layer additively manufactured samples with an inner layer of Shore A hardness 70 (D-A70) was superior to the average of all MGs in the wet condition, which was 6.4 ± 2.5 N in the previous study. The results of this study demonstrated the benefits of a hybrid design of hard and soft materials, particularly the promising combination of D-A70, which exhibited comparable shock absorption and durability to conventional MGs.
Personalized light-curable polyurethane palatal prosthesis designed and fabricated based on computer fluid dynamics and 3D printing to repair palatal fistula
Authors: Chen Qiwei , Gong Haihuan , Wang Yilin , Zhao Yanyan , Zhao Hong , Lin Zhiwei , Yang Jingya , Vashisth Manoj Kumar , Zhao Lixiang , Dai Yunlu , Huang Wenhua
Published: April 2024

Cleft palate surgery most commonly results in palatal fistula, but this complication can also be observed in congenital malformations, palatal tumors, and autoimmune diseases. Palatal fistula repair is crucial in restoring everyday speech and swallowing function, improving patients’ psychological and social well-being. However, treating palatal fistula remains challenging for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. In addition, fabricating a palatal fistula prosthesis with a precise fit to the fistula using traditional techniques is hardly achievable in the design and production process. In recent years, digital technology has been increasingly applied in palatal fistula prosthesis fabrication. Based on computer fluid dynamics (CFD)-assisted design and three-dimensional printing technology, we developed a personalized palatal prosthesis made of light-cured polyurethane to repair palatal fistula and restore normal airflow during speech. Material property tests show that this light-cured polyurethane material has excellent hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, water resistance, and good rheological performance. The excellent biocompatibility of the polyurethane palatal prosthesis was confirmed in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The study results also indicate that CFD pre-analysis provides accurate guidance for palatal fistula design and future evaluation of outcomes. Therefore, CFD pre-analysis and additive manufacturing synergy provide a new treatment method. In combination with the excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polyurethane, this study proposes a new strategy for treating refractory palatal fistula and extensive palatal defects, aiming to reduce the difficulty of prosthesis fabrication and maximize the restoration effect and quality of life for patients.
 
Early monitoring for 3D-printed patient-specific mandible reconstructive implant biomechanical behavior under different occlusal conditions using a wireless module system
Authors: Wu Cheng-Hsien , Wu Hsiao-Kuan , Tsai Pei-Jung , Lin Chun-Li
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology used to manufacture patient-specific, large-scale medical implants has become increasingly prevalent. Nevertheless, early biomechanics monitoring can enhance the implantation success rate. This study developed a wireless module system (WMS) for strain gauge measurement that can be placed within the implant to achieve early biomechanical behavior detection for an experimental 3D-printed metal model of a patient-specific segmental implant (MMPSI) after surgery. This WMS includes a chip, a circuit board, and a battery, all with dimensions smaller than 20 mm × 12 mm × 8 mm. This system can connect to strain gauges and interface with a mobile application for measuring and transmitting strain data. The WMS functionality was confirmed through cantilever beam experiments. Premature failure was detected using this WMS installed in an experimental 3D-printed MMPSI and through in vitro fatigue biomechanical testing under different occlusal forces applied on the plastic-simulated mandibular model. The WMS validation results indicated that the strain gauge measurement error compared to theoretical values was within 17%. Biomechanical fatigue results addressed the higher strain received and greater cyclic loads were recorded when occlusal force was applied onto the premolar under identical force application conditions because the premolar was closer to the strain gauge attachment location, resulting in a longer lever arm compared to the molar. This study concluded that the developed WMS for strain measurement can be installed in a patient-specific 3D-printed implant with enough internal space to detect early biomechanical behavior after surgery. Current results of in vitro fatigue test for segmental defect indicated that occlusal situation can be adjusted to reduce implantation failure risk.
Effects of modeling strategies of triply periodic minimal surface on the mechanical properties and permeability of biomedical TC4 porous scaffolds
Authors: Wang Binghao , Yang Chengliang , Zheng Chuanchuan , Luo Miao , Shi Zheng , Lv Yuting , Peng Wen , Wang Liqiang
Published: April 2024

Modeling strategies play a crucial role in determining the unit shapes of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), significantly affecting the mechanical and permeability properties of porous scaffolds. In this study, two distinct strategies including surface thickening and surface filling were used to construct scaffold models based on four basic TPMS structures (Primitive [P], Gyroid [G], Diamond [D], and I-graph-wrapped package [IW-P]). These models were successfully prepared using TC4 alloy and selective laser melting technology. Macro/micro morphology, mechanical properties, and permeability tests of porous implants were carried out. The results indicate that the scaffolds effectively replicated the designed models, exhibiting mechanical properties that match those of human tissue. The elastic modulus ranges from 3.03 to 4.57 GPa, and the tensile strength varies between 135.78 and 250.90 MPa. The surface thickening strategy alters the material distribution within the unit, enhancing load uniformity on the scaffolds, thereby increasing the strength of the scaffolds with G, D, and IW-P units, while reducing stress fluctuations during compression. In contrast, the surface filling structure exhibits excellent permeability, with permeability rates falling within the range of 0.88 to 1.91 × 10-9 m2, aligning with the permeability performance of trabecular bone. This study offers new insights into the design of porous scaffold models tailored for various application scenarios.
 
Hydrogel bioink formulation for 3D bioprinting: Sustained delivery of PDGF-BB and VEGF in biomimetic scaffolds for tendon partial rupture repair
Authors: Ruiz-Alonso Sandra , Ordoyo-Pascual Jorge , Lafuente-Merchan Markel , García-Villén Fátima , Sainz-Ramos Myriam , Gallego Idoia , Saenz- Del-Burgo Laura , L. Pedraz Jose
Published: April 2024

In the evolving field of tissue engineering, the power of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology can be harnessed by innovative methodologies to address the complex challenges of treating partial tendon injuries. In order to engineer a solution for this type of musculoskeletal injuries, a biomimetic bioink and a scaffold developed using 3D bioprinting technology and capable of delivering cells and growth factors were investigated. For the development of the bioink, a hydrogel type structure was selected based on a strategic combination of alginate, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and fibrinogen. This tailored combination exhibited favorable rheological behavior and impeccable printability. The bioink, demonstrating promising characteristics, was then employed to fabricate both acellular scaffolds and tissue constructs. The structures possessed mechanical properties suitable and adequate for addressing partial tendon injuries and achieved a microenvironment that allowed good metabolic activity of tenocytes, maintenance of their phenotype, and overexpression of genes related to macromolecules of tendon extracellular matrix. Regarding growth factors delivery, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) were successfully incorporated into the bioink. Their release profile was thoroughly studied, and their activity once released was demonstrated. Together, these results suggest that the developed bioink and the resulting 3D structures can have an important impact on tendon partial injury therapies. The multifaceted capabilities of the bioink and the developed tissue constructs position them as crucial contributors to the advancement of tendon injury therapies, marking a significant stride toward enhanced patient outcomes and regenerative medicine practices.
Effect of tunable stiffness on immune responses in 3D-bioprinted alginate–gelatin scaffolds
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Feng Yu , Yao Bin , Li Zhao , Kong Yi , Zhang Chao , Tan Yaxin , Song Wei , Enhe Jirigala , Li Xiaohe , Huang Sha
Published: April 2024

Tissue engineering is an approach used to restore damaged tissues and organs using biomaterials that support cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. However, immune responses triggered by tissue injury and biomaterial implantation can lead to undesired reactions such as foreign body response and fibrotic capsule formation. Macrophages play a critical role in these immune responses. Therefore, comprehending and controlling the immune responses to biomaterials are crucial for successful clinical translation in tissue engineering. In this experimental study, we fabricated three-dimensional-bioprinted hydrogel scaffolds with adaptable stiffness by adjusting the alginate–gelatin ratio. We examined the physical properties of these scaffolds and assessed the immune responses they provoked both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that higher-stiffness implants could drive macrophage polarization toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes in vivo. Furthermore, our animal experiments demonstrated that high-stiffness hydrogels elicited elevated immune responses through the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-6/JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Collectively, our study demonstrates that increased implant stiffness correlates with stronger immune responses. These findings are expected to provide novel insights for the clinical application of alginate–gelatin composite hydrogels.
Cloud Storage Security: Threats, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: - Jesu Narkarunai Arasu Malaiyappan , - Lavanya Shanmugam , - Kumaran Thirunavukkarasu , - Jawaharbabu Jeyaraman
Published: April 2024

Cloud storage security is a paramount concern in today's digital landscape, as organizations increasingly rely on cloud services to store and manage their data. This research paper examines the threats, solutions, and future directions of cloud storage security, providing insights into the challenges faced by organizations and the strategies employed to mitigate risks. The paper explores various security threats such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and compliance issues, highlighting the importance of implementing robust security measures to protect sensitive information. Solutions discussed include encryption, access controls, security monitoring, and compliance frameworks, with a focus on integrating security into DevOps and CI/CD pipelines to ensure continuous protection. Additionally, the paper explores emerging technologies such as blockchain and homomorphic encryption, offering innovative approaches to enhance cloud storage security. Through case studies, real-world examples, and cost analysis, the paper illustrates the financial implications of cloud storage security initiatives and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen their security posture in the cloud.
Scalable Cloud Architectures for Distributed Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: - Lavanya Shanmugam , - Kumaran Thirunavukkarasu , - Jesu Narkarunai Arasu Malaiyappan , - Sanjeev Prakash
Published: April 2024

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of scalable cloud architectures for distributed machine learning (ML) applications. Through experimentation and evaluation, we investigate key performance metrics including throughput, latency, and resource utilization across three major cloud platforms: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Our findings reveal significant differences in performance among the platforms, with GCP demonstrating superior throughput and lower latency compared to AWS and Azure. Additionally, we analyse resource utilization metrics such as CPU, memory, and storage usage to provide insights into the efficiency of each cloud architecture in supporting ML workloads. By considering both quantitative metrics and qualitative factors, such as ease of deployment and cost-effectiveness, organizations can make informed decisions when selecting a cloud platform for distributed ML applications.
Punishment and Justification: A Study on Kant’s View on Punishment
Authors: - Muniyappa T , - Dr. Anu Prasannan
Published: April 2024

Punishment is in Kant's view a topic in the philosophy of law or right. Punishment is imposed not by individuals, but by courts and judges, and it is therefore a practice that presupposes the existence of the state. Kant argues in some detail that we have a moral obligation to leave the state of nature and to enter a civil commonwealth, because it is only in a state or commonwealth that external justice, especially with respect to rights to hold property, can be assured and enforced. The state then exists as the enforcer of the rights of citizens. Kant's theory of the state and its proper functions, and of the law of property and of punishment, is all statements of moral ideals. This paper is studying the concept of Punishment, Justification of Punishment and the Kant’s view on Justification of Punishment.
Locating Jolha Women in the Cultural Sketch : A case study in Dhemaji of Golaghat District, Assam
Authors: - Sajmina Akhtar
Published: April 2024

If we want to throw focus on women in changing social scenario the study will cover the traditional and emerging status of women in concern to their education, family life, economy, culture, religion etc. Like other ethnic groups the Jolha women also played an important and vital role in the changing scenario of the society. The Jolhas entered Assam during the British period. In the British period, with the opening of the tea gardens labourers were brought to Assam to work in the tea gardens from Chotanagpur, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. These people are now spread over in various part of Brahmaputra Valley basically in the Tea Garden and also outside of the same. Amongst them the Jolha women of Dhemaji of Golaghat district are observed and studied to find out the changes in cultural field. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the changes that took place among the Jolha women regarding their cultural activities. For the study both primary and secondary data have been collected. The secondary data has been collected from published materials like books, articles and information gathered from the field study. As there is limited source of secondary data about the past of Jolhas, personal interview method had been adopted.
Antagonist Test of Endophytic Fungi Against Hiyung Chili Leaves Growth of Fusarium Oxysporum Causes Fusarium Wilt
Authors: - Akhmad Rizali , - Kamilatul  Husna , - Tuti Heiryani
Published: April 2024

F. oxysporum, which causes fusarium wilt, is a pathogen that spreads through the soil and can survive in the soil as mycelium or spores without a host. F. oxysporum usually attacks chili planting areas and can cause disease losses of up to 80%. Farmers usually control disease using chemicals or pesticides as the main control. Continuous use of pesticides can result in the death of natural enemies and cause pathogen resistance. One effort to overcome fusarium wilt without using pesticides is to use antagonistic agents, one of which is endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are fungi that are found in plant tissue systems such as leaves, flowers, twigs or plant roots. This research used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, so that 20 experimental units were obtained. Based on the research results, it shows that the endophytic fungus of hiyung chili leaves has a significant effect on the growth of F. oxysporum by inhibiting mutually intermingling growth mechanisms or competition mechanisms by isolate P1 (Acremonium sp.) and isolate P2 (Cladosporium sp.), mutually slight inhibition or antibiosis mechanisms by isolate P3 (Rhizoctonia sp.) and isolate P5 (Alternaria sp.), while overgrowth by antagonism or parasitism mechanism by isolate P4 (Sclerotium sp.). The fungus isolate with the highest inhibitory power was isolate P5 (Alternaria sp.), reaching 34.72% at 7 DAP. Meanwhile, the fungus isolate with the lowest inhibitory power was shown by isolate P2 (Cladosporium sp.), which only reached 17.46% at 7 DAP.
A Brief Mythology on the Origin of Meitei in Manipur
Authors: - Chitramala Athokpam , - Pheiroijam Suraj Luwang
Published: April 2024

The Meiteis of Manipur are dominantly inhabited in the valley region known as the Imphal valley which is surrounded by ranges of hills. Manipur is a state of Indian subcontinent which is bounded in the east and south by Myanmar (Burma), in the north by the state of Nagaland, Assam (Cachar) in the west and Mizoram in the south-west. The origin of the Meitei have been elaborated in many Meitei Puyas or sacred religious texts such as Leithak Leikharon, Leishemlol, Wakoklon Hilel Salai Amailon Puya, Wakoklon Hilel Thilel Salai Amailon Puya, Sanamahi Laikan, Pakhangba Phambal, Panthoipee Khongkul etc. Moreover, Ningthourol Sheireng (1967) written by eminent Meitei scholar, O. Bhogeshwar which is described as a classic par excellence by N. Sanajaoba (1991: 26), Langlol (1924) edited by Maichou W. Madhav Ram Singh etc. also deal with the theory of creation of Meitei.
Real-Time Bridge Health Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: - PRACHITI SURYAVANSHI
Published: April 2024

Wireless sensor networks are becoming the essential part of the sensing, automation and process control systems. The structural health monitoring of aging highway bridges is important from the point of preventing economic losses, catastrophic failures and loss of human life. This paper presents real-time bridge health monitoring system for an urban Seven Hill Bridge in Aurangabad using fixed wireless sensors. The system collects the vibration data caused by seismic waves or external force such as running vehicles through wireless sensor network and then analyze the data.The system includes a fixed wireless sensor mesh network based on IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee technology for real-time urban structural health monitoring.
Effectiveness of Art Therapy in Reducing State Anxiety among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: - Thulasikanthan Mugesh , - Sucharita Dutt , - Subhasish Sarder
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing state anxiety among adult persons with mild intellectual disabilities A total of 39 participants aged 18 to 35 who met the inclusionary criteria were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into control (n=18) and experimental (n=21) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of art therapy over two weeks. The Self-Evaluation State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety levels. Data analysis using SPSS version 20.0 revealed a significant difference between the control and experimental groups for the efficacy of art therapy in reducing state anxiety (t=2.97, df=37, p<0.01). These findings suggest that art therapy can be an effective intervention for reducing anxiety among adult persons with intellectual disabilities. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations is recommended to enhance the applicability of these findings.
Potential and Expansion Strategy for Small and Marginal Farmers in Indian Agriculture
Authors: - Supriya Gautam , - L.C. Mallaiah
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the Potential and Expansion Strategies for small and marginal farmers in India's Agriculture. Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of the Indian economy and the primary means of subsistence for rural households, mostly small and marginal farmers, assuring the sustainability of food and nutrition. These farmers suffer numerous issues including loans, scarcity of resources, appropriate market connectivity, and many others. Women farmers are lagging in adopting the drudgery reduction technologies followed by the health and nutrition of farm families. Their standard of living can be improved by implementing various ICT initiatives, capacity building, addressing climate change, formation of Farmer Produce Organizations, and increasing food supply, etc. Based on these prospects, the present study analyzes the changes in the pattern of the number and share of area under operational holdings in various size groups of farmers another important objective is to analyze the potential and expansion strategies for marginal and smallholder farmers in Indian agriculture. Moreover, a financial criterion needs to be considered. To protect our farmers from the glut condition and enhance income, more money should be invested in market-oriented research and development. This can be achieved through the implementation of the Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) idea in a larger context.
Post-article 370: Development in Kashmir
Authors: - Shujat Mushtaq Wani , - Sucharita sen
Published: April 2024

This research paper critically examines the evolution of Article 370 within the context of Kashmir, shedding light on its historical origins, legal framework, political dynamics, socio-economic implications, recent developments, and future trajectories. Article 370, enshrined in the Indian Constitution in 1949, granted special autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Enacted in 1949, Article 370 granted special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir, allowing it to have its own constitution, flag, and significant control over internal affairs, while the Indian government retained authority over defense, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. Initially conceived as a temporary measure to accommodate the specific circumstances surrounding Kashmir's accession to India following partition and the princely states' integration, Article 370 has since become a focal point of political discourse and contention In August 2019, the Indian government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, took a historic step by abrogating Article 370 and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Multiple government initiatives aimed at developing the region with specific investments in multiple sectors. This paper aims to explore Jammu and Kashmir’s integration with the Indian Union and the post-Article 370 development in Kashmir.
Role of Emotional Intelligence on Perceived Stress among Professional Performing Artists
Authors: - Vedant Mukherjee , - Dr. Lokesh L
Published: April 2024

The main objective of the study was to understand the role of emotional intelligence on perceived stress among professional performing artists. Additionally, a correlational study was conducted to see if emotional intelligence played a role on perceived stress. The study was carried out, and an online survey used to collect responses from 123 young adults. Trait Emotional Quotient- SF and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Correlation and linear regression were employed to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress. Additionally, the study's findings denoted a positive co-relation between the variables, indicating that emotional intelligence does play a role on how stress is perceived among professional performing artists. Also analysed the impact of Emotional Intelligence on Perceived Stress.
Comparative Study of Democratic Systems in India and the United States
Authors: - Karthik , - Shalini Saxena
Published: April 2024

This research report presents a comprehensive comparative study of democratic systems in India and the United States. Democracies are complex political systems shaped by historical, cultural, and institutional factors. This study aims to analyze and contrast the functioning, structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the democratic frameworks in India and the United States. Through a multi-faceted examination, the research highlights key similarities and differences, as well as challenges and opportunities for democratic governance in both nations. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, drawing upon qualitative analysis of constitutional frameworks, political institutions, electoral processes, and governmental structures in India and the United States.
Neuro-cogniguard: a Deep Learning Approach for Early Alzheimer's Detection
Authors: - P. Praveen Kumar , - T. Kiriti Sri Sai , - Sk. Mohammed Noor , - N. Harish , - K. Thrilochana Devi
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment. This disease causes the person to suffer from memory loss, unusual behaviour, and language problems. Initial symptoms such as episodic memory impairment and patient navigation problems are typical variants. In this project, we propose a deep learning method for early and accurate detection of AD using MRI images. In the existing system, they used deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and LeNet5 architecture to detect the disease. In the proposed system, we use The Deep Learning Model as the cellular network architecture and classify images as mild dementia, moderate dementia, non-demented, or very mild dementia. In this study, we use the ADNI dataset. Using these algorithms can achieve better accuracy for CNN and Mobile Net compared to the existing system. This can be used in the future to classify the types of different classifications that can be easily detected in the initial stages and can only be cured in the initial stages.
Online Consumer Behavior : Digital Platform
Authors: - Bala Udhaya Shabari.B , - Anirudh Dhinesh Reddy , - Bhuvan. P , - Boyalla Niranjan , - Chethur Simha.N , - Ashwin Santosh
Published: April 2024

Consumer behavior has shifted as a result of e-commerce's rapid growth, which has led to an increase in online purchases. The current study examines customer behavior in relation to online purchasing and provides e-tailers with useful insights for developing marketing strategies.
India’s Rich and Traditional Heritage: A Journey through Time Changing Identities of Rsate Wada, a Case of Wai, Pune
Authors: - Ar. Kruti Joshi , - Ar. Dhruti Shah
Published: April 2024

Wai is a satellite town of Pune city. Wai originated as a settlement of weavers. Its name is an adaptation of the word Vaya, which means ‘thread’/ ‘ by pass in Gujarati. As we can not firmly state the date of the origin of the town but it has witnessed the Maratha empire in 1700’s. it’s architectural style represents the layers of history in to it. Wai is Situated at the foothills of the Western Ghats. The town is on the southern part of the river krishna. People use to pray this river during festival times calling it as a krishna mai river. Wai cannot be simply vilipend, as it has a lot of potential attract tourists with its lanes that would remind you of the renowned years of the Peshwas. Rsate wada is one of the historic structure which is currently working as printing press but has witnessed the era of different dynasties. This was the journey of a structure from freedom fight to the condition till date.
Innovative Credit Scoring Methods in India by the Fintech Companies to Increase Financial Inclusivity for Digital Lending
Authors: - Vardan Bajaj
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fintech is part of the digital revolution of India which aims towards increasing the Indian economy and financial inclusivity of the population. Fintech has done significant contributions in digital lending and will continue to do in future, one of the contributions is in the unique model created for credit scoring of minorities who do not have a credit history or not eligible to attain credit score through the traditional method. The strategic changes in the new credit scoring method on the basis of machine learning and artificial intelligence can provide more accurate results and provide reports for the isolated population who did not have access to credit earlier.

- Methodology:
The article has been written with in depth research on the Indian Fintech market and the current state of Indian digital lending. Begin with introduction of fintech evolution in India and what does it mean. Post which it provides in depth understanding about the state of digital lending and why is there a need of amendment in the credit scoring method which is used for digital lending. The influence of fintech in credit scoring has been explored via existing published research papers and statistics from World Bank. In the end, there has been suggestions in form of inputs from the author for how India can reach financial inclusivity.
- Purpose:
The purpose of the article is to curate information about how the Indian economy should use fintech for its advantage. The research paper aims towards outlining potential limitations too if the non-traditional credit scoring methods are used as a major factor in digital lending. Overall, the paper seeks to understand what was the major reason behind the lack of inclusivity in digital lending in India and how can it be overcome.
- Findings:
The research paper helps to understand that Fintech has done significant contributions in digital lending and will continue to do in future, one of the contributions is in the unique model created for credit scoring of minorities who do not have a credit history or not eligible to attain credit score through the traditional method. The strategic changes in the new credit scoring method on the basis of machine learning and artificial intelligence are able to provide more accurate results and provide reports for the isolated population who did not have access to credit earlier.

- Value:
The research paper has cited all the sources which has used for the research on the topic in MLA9. It is a 100% AI free paper and has been written entirely by the author without the intervention of any third party in it.
‘Honour’: Caste-patriarchy and Intersectionality in Rural Haryana
Authors: - Pushpender chauhan , - Sucharita Sen
Published: April 2024

In the context of honor-based violence and societal standards that are common in rural Haryana, India, the research "Honour": caste, patriarchy, and intersectionality in rural Haryana seeks to examine the complex interactions between caste, patriarchy, and other intersecting identities. It aims to comprehend how these dynamics affect gender roles, social institutions, and personal experiences, with a special emphasis on the lives of young people. The goal of the research is to deepen our understanding of the ways that patriarchy and caste intersect in rural Indian culture and to throw light on the difficulties that people living in these kinds of situations confront.
Analysing the Role of Public-private Partnership in Road and Highways in India
Authors: - Vaibhav , - Dr. Anna Nath Ganguly
Published: April 2024

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Indian roadways represent the worlds' largest program of private sector investment in road development and operations. PPPs in roadways in India developed between 2000-2020 account for a total length of 144,070 kilometers and amount to investments more than ₹2,575 billion . As a crucial element in the nation’s infrastructure, the road network plays a critical role in fostering economic activities, trade, and connectivity. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are strategic collaboration between public and private organizations that are designed to improve efficiency, generate resources, and eliminate impediments in the creation and maintenance of infrastructure.
The study starts by emphasizing the significance of PPPs in the Indian context. It then examines various PPP models, their functions, and evaluates their effectiveness, focusing particularly on India's road and highways sector.
As the research unfolds, it scrupulously analyses the current status of road infrastructure in India. The paper sails through success and failure stories, aiming to extract valuable lessons and insights.
The paper concludes by assessing the overall success of PPPs in contributing to the development of Indian roads, offering insights for future policy decisions and implementation strategies.
Kleptomania Disorder
Authors: - Kulandai Therese
Published: April 2024

Kleptomania, characterized by an irresistible urge to steal without need or financial gain, is a rare but serious impulse control complaint affecting 0.3% to 0.6% of individualities. Alongside its bracket as an obsessive robbery complaint, kleptomania shares features with other impulse control diseases like pyromania, intermittent explosive complaint, pathological gambling, and trichotillomania. Its etiology involves a complex interplay of factors including brain structure, chemistry, and co-occurring internal health conditions. Opinion generally relies on DSM- 5 criteria and technical assessments like the Kleptomania Symptoms Assessment Scale. Treatment modalities encompass pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioural remedy, and tone- help groups, although standard protocols remain fugitive. Managing strategies emphasize understanding triggers, clinging to treatment plans, and seeking support from loved bones. Left unaddressed, kleptomania can lead to severe particular, legal, and fiscal impacts. Beforehand recognition and intervention by healthcare professionals are pivotal in mollifying the significant societal costs associated with kleptomania. Further exploration is demanded to explore effective treatment approaches, particularly in comparison to being specifics and psychotherapies.