bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 y TIC: estrategias pedagógicas y desigualdades educativas en clave institucional
Authors: Dabenigno  Valeria , Freytes Frey  Ada , Meo  Analía Inés
Published: November 2021

A partir de datos de una encuesta en línea aplicada en abril/mayo 2020, este artículo analiza las estrategias y formas de trabajo pedagógico con TIC desarrolladas por los docentes de nivel secundario de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en los inicios del aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO) generado por el COVID-19. Nos preguntamos cómo se relacionan dichas estrategias con las desigualdades que atraviesan el sistema educativo bonaerense, tanto las de nivel estructural (sector de gestión y nivel socioeconómico del alumnado) como otras de nivel meso-social, que dan lugar a diferentes configuraciones institucionales (el prestigio de la escuela, la tradición previa de uso de TIC, y las orientaciones institucionales). Describimos en primer lugar la experiencia con las TIC en las escuelas antes de la pandemia, en tanto constituyen puntos de partida diferenciales para responder a la política de continuidad pedagógica -interpretada como virtualización de la enseñanza-. Posteriormente, examinamos distintos aspectos de las estrategias pedagógicas, tales como la frecuencia de envío de tareas, el tipo de medio utilizado y los propósitos de las comunicaciones con estudiantes. Finalmente, analizamos las percepciones de los docentes acerca de las dificultades de sus estudiantes para realizar las tareas y actividades educativas propuestas.
Visibilités digitales du religieux. Introduction
Authors: Catellani Andréa , Servais Olivier , Douyère David
Published: November 2021

le présent dossier vise à investiguer les formes d’expression et de mise en visibilité digitales du religieux et les raisons de son expansion numérique. Ces formes de mise en visibilité peuvent être opérées par des dévots (Favret-Saada, 2017), des activistes, des acteurs religieux placés en position latérale ou marginale dans leur communauté (Campbell, 2021), ou mises en place par des institutions et des mouvements religieux de types différents. Il s’agit d’examiner à la fois les discours, les images (car le digital porte et enclot d’autres médias, que sont la langue, l’écriture, la parole et l’image, le son et la musique), les dispositifs numériques eux-mêmes et les ergonomies développant le service religieux proposé, mais d’examiner aussi les contextes économiques et socio-politiques qui peuvent motiver, expliquer ou fonder ces communications, dans le cadre d’une vision non pas sociologique mais centrée sur l’information et la communication, soit la production de sens dans une situation d’altérité, recourant à diverses médiations techno-sémiotiques. Il s’agit également de considérer les pratiques (Duteil-Ogata, Jonveaux, 2020) de production et de mobilisation de ces dispositifs, ainsi que leurs théorisations. Car le numérique religieux n’est pas seulement un ensemble de données rendues accessibles en réseau, c’est aussi le fruit d’une incitation, d’une pensée du public et du langage (Douyère, 2020, p. 49-50), une forme de continuation de la pratique, portés par une communauté, en conflit ou non sur ces questions.
A Proposed of Multimedia Compression System Using Three - Dimensional Transformation
Authors: Mohammed Dhrgham Hani , Abdul-Rahaim Laith Ali
Published: November 2021

Video compression has become especially important nowadays with the increase of data transmitted over transmission channels, the reducing the size of the videos must be done without affecting the quality of the video. This process is done by cutting the video thread into frames of specific lengths and converting them into a three-dimensional matrix. The proposed compression scheme uses the traditional red-green-blue color space representation and applies a three-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (3D-DFT) or three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (3D-DWT) to the signal matrix after converted the video stream to three-dimensional matrices. The resulting coefficients from the transformation are encoded using the EZW encoder algorithm. Three main criteria by which the performance of the proposed video compression system will be tested; Compression ratio (CR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and processing time (PT). Experiments showed high compression efficiency for videos using the proposed technique with the required bit rate, the best bit rate for traditional video compression. 3D discrete wavelet conversion has a high frame rate with natural spatial resolution and scalability through visual and spatial resolution Beside the quality and other advantages when compared to current conventional systems in complexity, low power, high throughput, low latency and minimum the storage requirements. All proposed systems implement using MATLAB R2020b.
Network Intrusion Detection System Using Ensemble Learning Approaches
Authors: Hussein Salam Allawi , Mahmood Alyaa Abduljawad , Oraby Emaan Oudah
Published: November 2021

To mitigate modern network intruders in a rapidly growing and fast pattern changing network traffic data, single classifier is not sufficient. In this study Chi-Square feature selection technique is used to select the most important features of network traffic data, then AdaBoost, Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost ensemble classifiers were used to classify data based on binary-classes and multi-classes. The aim of this study is to improve detection rate accuracy for every individual attack types and all types of attacks, which will help us to identify attacks and particular category of attacks. The proposed method is evaluated using k-fold cross validation, and the experimental results of all the three classifiers with and without feature selection are compared together. We used two different datasets in our experiments to evaluate the model performance. The used datasets are NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15.
Effect of E-Coaching and Learning Styles on the Performance Training Participants
Authors: Rahmadi Muhamad Harry , Riyadi Sukisno Slamet , Hariyadi Sri Mintarti, Sugeng , Suharto Rahcmad Budi , Setini Made
Published: November 2021

The increasing intensity of the use of technology through distance learning in the Covid-19 era occurred at the training site for the best achievements of participants. Combination research from The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) as a goal to determine the effect of the performance of supervisory leadership training participants at the National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA) in Samarinda. This quantitative study collected 197 data from the survey and then processed the data using warp PLS 6, with the aim of researching participant behavior in e-coaching and learning styles on performance. Results show variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy has a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions in coaching, and the relationship between behavioral intentions in coaching is significantly positive on performance, while the social influence on behavioral intentions in coaching has an insignificant negative effect, learning style on behavioral intentions in coaching has a positive and insignificant effect and learning style on performance has a significant negative effect so that indications of increased behavioral intentions in coaching will reduce the social influence and there is not always a change in learning style, but when there is an increase in performance there will be a change in the learning style of the participants.
The Importance of Modern Technologies in the Teaching of Philosophy
Authors: Yusubov Jamshid Kadamovich , Yusubov Jaloliddin Kadamovich , Khidaevich Jalilov Bakhtiyor , Khadjiev Umrbek Shonazarovich , Nematov Ozodbek Nematovich
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the importance of modern technology in the teaching of philosophy. One of the significant methodological difficulties in understanding the problem of technologization of education is due to the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept of educational technology in pedagogy (researchers identify more than six aspects of understanding technology, reflected in the definitions of this concept. Due to the noted semantic ambiguity of the concept under consideration, the arsenal of educational technologies, reflected in modern scientific and pedagogical literature, includes educational approaches, and types of educational activities, and methods, and methods and forms of education.
Understanding Imagination in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Lecuna Antonio
Published: November 2021

Using interviews to explore the role imagination plays in the South American Nikkei phenomenon (a fusion of Japanese haute cuisine with Peruvian ingredients) and employing the alternate templates research strategy to analytically compare three entrepreneurial behaviors (adaptive bricolage, strategic planning, and transformative effectuation), this case study found that the current theoretical boundary conditions are insufficient to separate the three archetypes. Therefore, based on data, new concepts are proposed to explain entrepreneurial behaviors where they overlap (e.g., creative imagination as a bridging construct of the entrepreneurial process). A novel entrepreneurial trilemma and a behavioral model focused on the conceptual overlaps are introduced to frame the new concepts and to visually depict the relationships between them.
Increasing student involvement in research: a collaborative approach between faculty and students
Authors: Knight Stacey L. , Hale Regina L. , Chisholm LeAnn. J. , Moss Patti , Rolf Carmen , Wenner Lori
Published: November 2021

Baccalaureate nursing curriculum generally include a research or evidence-based practice course, but students may have little opportunity for specific application of the research process during their nursing education. Using Modeling and Role-modeling as a theoretical framework, a scholarly collaboration between faculty and student was developed to promote a unique and engaging undergraduate research endeavor. Faculty researchers developed an exploratory community-based research study to survey the local population about the immediate and lingering physical, financial, psychological, and emotional effects of Hurricane Harvey on the community. The project allowed students to gain invaluable knowledge about the research process, time management techniques, application of theory to the practice setting, community health assessment, collaboration among team members, and achieve student learning outcomes. Student participation in this research project provided necessary collaboration and leadership experiences that will benefit students during school and in their professional practice.
Similarity of mirative and contrastive focus: three parameters for describing attention markers
Authors: Yliniemi Juha
Published: November 2021

This article addresses the heretofore unacknowledged similarity of mirative-like and contrastive-focus-like functions by describing data from Denjongke (Tibetic, sip), Bih (Chamic, Vietnam, ibh) and Nepali (Indo-Aryan, nep). The similarity between mirative-like and contrastive-focus-like functions in the aforementioned languages is captured by the notion of something being brought to the forefront of attention. Mirative-like semantics are shown to be epiphenomenal to attention-oriented phenomena, and the functional domain in which the morphemes operate is shown to be attention rather than knowledge structure. The morphemes in the study are described in terms of three parameters, which are put forward as potentially useful tools for describing similar morphemes in other languages: speaker versus addressee orientation, clausal versus phrasal scope, and anaphoric versus cataphoric use. The first two parameters form a fourfold table in which the heuristically named “mirative-like function” has clausal scope and is speaker-oriented (i.e. speaker signals that something has come to the forefront of their attention). “Contrastive-focus-like function”, on the other hand, has phrasal scope and is addressee-oriented (i.e. speaker intends to bring something to the forefront of the addressee’s attention). Cognitively, contrastive-focus-like function is shown to establish joint attention.
miR-150-5p affects AS plaque with ASMC proliferation and migration by STAT1
Authors: Bian Yuan , Cai Wenqiang , Lu Hongying , Tang Shuhong , Yang Keqin , Tan Yan
Published: November 2021

We explore miR‐150‐5p in atherosclerosis (AS). The AS model was constructed using Apo E−/− mice with an injection of the miR-150-5p mimic or an inhibitor. Pathological characteristics were assessed using Oil red O staining and Masson staining. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of microRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p), STAT1, α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Targetscan and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze the interaction between miR-150-5p and STAT1. The viability, migration, cell cycle and α-SMA and PCNA expressions in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were assessed using molecular experiments. miR-150-5p was reduced in both AS mice and ox-LDL-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells but STAT1 had the opposite effect. The miR‐150‐5p inhibitor alleviated the increase of lipid plaque and reduced collagen accumulation in the aortas during AS. Upregulation of α-SMA and PCNA was reversed by miR-150-5p upregulation. STAT1 was targeted by miR‐150‐5p, and overexpressed miR-150-5p weakened the ox-LDL-induced increase of viability and migration abilities and blocked cell cycle in ASMCs, but overexpressed STAT1 blocked the effect of the miR‐150‐5p mimic. This paper demonstrates that miR-150-5p has potential as a therapeutic target in AS, with plaque stabilization by regulating ASMC proliferation and migration via STAT1.
Rapid response of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma to apatinib: A case report
Authors: He Jian , Zhang Yangyang , Gao Jin , Qian Liting
Published: November 2021

There are no effective therapeutic options for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Additionally, there is no standard therapy for patients subjected to multiple lines of treatment. Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is an important strategy for tumor therapy. Apatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). The effect of apatinib on HNSCC has not been clearly established. In this study, we administered apatinib in combination with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted and systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of oral cancer and to achieve better disease outcomes. To avoid fatal bleeding, after achieving good clinical outcomes, the follow-up treatment plan was adjusted. The efficacy of apatinib combined with anti-EGFR targeted and systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of oral cancer has not been previously reported. Our findings show the therapeutic potential of apatinib for advanced HNSCC patients with multiple lines of chemotherapy, especially for patients with large neck masses.
Self-assembled multifunctional nanostructures for surface passivation and photon management in silicon photovoltaics
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Jobayer , Sun Mengdi , Doerk Gregory , Kik Pieter G. , Davis Kristopher O.
Published: November 2021

This work reports the fabrication and characterization of multifunctional, nanostructured passivation layers formed using a self-assembly process that provide both surface passivation and improved light trapping in crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. Scalable block copolymer self-assembly and vapor phase infiltration processes are used to form arrays of aluminum oxide nanostructures (Al2O3) on crystalline silicon without substrate etching. The Al2O3 nanostructures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Injection-level dependent photoconductance measurements are used to determine the effective carrier lifetime of the samples to confirm the nanostructures successfully passivate the Si surface. Finite element method simulations and reflectance measurement show that the nanostructures increase the internal rear reflectance of the PV cell by suppressing the parasitic optical losses in the metal contact. An optimized morphology of the structures is identified for their potential use in PV cells as multifunctional materials providing surface passivation, photon management, and carrier transport pathways.
Imaging-based optical barcoding for relative humidity sensing based on meta-tip
Authors: Liu Yin , Li Xiaowei , Chen Yufeng , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: November 2021

In a wide range of applications such as healthcare treatment, environmental monitoring, food processing and storage, and semiconductor chip manufacturing, relative humidity (RH) sensing is required. However, traditional fiber-optic humidity sensors face the challenges of miniaturization and indirectly obtaining humidity values. Here, we propose and demonstrate an optical barcode technique by cooperating with RH meta-tip, which can predict the humidity values directly. Such RH meta-tip is composed of fiber-optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and graphene oxide film as humidity sensitizer. While SPR sensor is composed of multimode fiber (MMF) integrated with metallic metasurface. Dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is used to obtain the warp path distance (WPD) sequence between the measured reflection spectrum and the spectra of the precalibrated database. The distance sequence is transformed into a pseudo-color barcode, and the humidity value is corresponded to the lowest distance, which can be read by human eyes. The RH measurement depends on the collective changes of the reflection spectrum rather than tracking a single specific resonance peak/dip. This work can open up new doors to the development of a humidity sensor with direct RH recognition by human eyes.
The crystal structure of {N
1,N
2-bis[2,4-dimethyl-6-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)(phenyl)methyl]acenaphthylene-1,2-diimino-κ2
N, N′}-dibromido-nickel(II) – dichloromethane(1/2), C64H64Br2Cl4N2Ni
Authors: Guo Kun-Peng
Published: November 2021

C64H64Br2Cl4N2Ni, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 31.9723(18) Å, b = 11.9826(6) Å, c = 18.4722(11) Å, β = 125.038(2)°, V = 5794.4(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0536, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1640, T = 273.15 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-methoxy-2-((2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methylene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1 (2H)-one, C18H17NO3
Authors: Ma Guang-Qun , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: November 2021

C18H17NO3, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.4638(8) Å, b = 8.0392(8) Å, c = 12.6767(11) Å, α = 108.187(8)°, β = 94.029(7)°, γ = 95.071(8)°, V = 715.95(13) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0573, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1460, T = 100.0(2) K.
Defence Spending and Sovereign Debt in Greece: A Long-Term Historical Perspective
Authors: Kollias Christos , Paleologou Suzanna-Maria , Zouboulakis Michel
Published: November 2021

The paper sets out to examine the military spending-public debt nexus in the case of Greece. Unlike previous studies that exclusively focus their analyses in the post-WWII period, the empirical investigation conducted herein covers almost the entire two hundred years of the modern Greek state. The estimations using an ARDL framework cover the period 1848–2018 as well as sub-periods therein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to approach this issue in the case of Greece with such a long-term perspective. In broad terms, the findings do not unearth a statistically traceable effect of defence expenditures on public debt accumulation. The results indicate that this was very much driven by debt dynamics and the need to draw funds to service existing loans. This finding is consistent across both the entire period under scrutiny here as well as the various sub-periods.
More on the articulation of devoiced [u] in Tokyo Japanese: effects of surrounding consonants
Authors: Shaw Jason A. , Kawahara Shigeto
Published: November 2021

Past work investigating the lingual articulation of devoiced vowels in Tokyo Japanese has revealed optional but categorical deletion. Some devoiced vowels retained a full lingual target, just like their voiced counterparts, whereas others showed trajectories that are best modelled as targetless, i.e., linear interpolation between the surrounding vowels. The current study explored the hypothesis that this probabilistic deletion is modulated by the identity of the surrounding consonants. A new EMA experiment with an extended stimulus set replicates the core finding of Shaw, Jason & Shigeto Kawahara. 2018b. The lingual gesture of devoiced [u] in Japanese.Journal of Phonetics66. 100–119. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2017.09.007that Japanese devoiced [u] sometimes lacks a tongue body raising gesture. The current results moreover show that surrounding consonants do indeed affect the probability of tongue dorsum targetlessness. We found that deletion of devoiced vowels is affected by the place of articulation of the preceding consonant; deletion is more likely following a coronal fricative than a labial fricative. Additionally, we found that the manner combination of the flanking consonants, fricative–fricative versus fricative–stop, also has an effect, at least for some speakers; however, unlike the effect of C1 place, the direction of the manner combination effect varies across speakers with some deleting more often in fricative–stop environments and others more often in fricative–fricative environments.
Quantum computing simulation of the hydrogen molecular ground-state energies with limited resources
Authors: Abu-Nada Ali
Published: November 2021

In this article, the hydrogen molecular ground-state energies using our algorithm based on quantum variational principle are calculated. They are calculated through a simulator since the system of the present study (i.e., the hydrogen molecule) is relatively small and hence the ground-state energies for this molecule are efficiently classically simulable using a simulator. Complete details of this algorithm are elucidated. For this, a full description on the fermions–qubits and the molecular Hamiltonian–qubit Hamiltonian transformations, is given. The authors search for qubit system parameters (

θ

0

{\theta }_{0}

and

θ

1

{\theta }_{1}

) that yield the minimum energies for the system and also study the ground state energies as a function of the molecular bond length. Proposed circuit is humble and does not include many parameters compared with that of Kandala et al., the authors control only two parameters (

θ

0

{\theta }_{0}

and

θ

1

{\theta }_{1}

).
Trade Intensity, Fiscal Integration and Income Inequality in ECOWAS
Authors: Dout Hamitande , Kebalo Léleng
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the income inequality effect of economic integration in ECOWAS by decomposing economic integration into two dimensions: trade and fiscal integration approximated respectively by trade intensity and fiscal convergence. For robustness purposes, we use different metrics for each dimension. We also consider the introduction in the region of the growth and convergence pact in the analysis of fiscal integration effect on income inequality. The analysis covers the period 1990–2018. For the empirical evidence, the generalized method of moment is used. The results obtained are robust and reveal that improving regional economic integration has a reducing effect on income inequality. Taken individually, trade integration and fiscal integration contribute to reducing income inequality. However, taken together, the reducing effect of economic integration on income inequality is more pronounced. Besides, the results indicate that fiscal integration has more contributed to the reduction of income inequality since the introduction of the first fiscal convergence pact in the region in 2000 than before. For reducing income inequality, our analysis recommends to ECOWAS countries to take steps to remove barriers to regional trade on the one hand, and on the other hand, to converge together on the fiscal front.
Advanced fluid models for resonant online oil condition monitoring systems
Authors: Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Thomas , Niedermayer Alexander O. , Jakoby Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Two main topics are presented in this work which enable more efficient use of oil condition monitoring systems based on resonant fluid sensing. A new fluid model for a recently introduced compact measurement unit for oil condition monitoring based on simultaneous measurement of viscosity and density is discussed. It is shown that a new fluid model allows achieving higher accuracies, which is demonstrated by comparison to earlier models. The second topic deals with measuring fluid parameters over varying temperatures and thus providing additional monitoring parameters and enhanced data consistency. We propose an alternative representation of the Vogel model using transformed parameters having a clear physical meaning and which are more stable in presence of measurement noise.
Amine-based synthesis of Fe3C nanomaterials: mechanism and impact of synthetic conditions
Authors: Harris Daniel P. , Wan Cheng , She Yuqi , Beck Brittney R. , Forbes Daniel S. , Leonard Brian M.
Published: November 2021

Iron-based catalysts are a preferred variant of metal catalysts due to the high abundance of iron on earth. Iron carbide has been investigated in recent times as an electrochemical catalyst due to its potential as a great ORR catalyst. Using a unique amine-metal complex anion composite (AMAC) method, iron carbide/nitride nanoparticles (Fe3C and Fe3−x
N) were synthesized through varying several reaction parameters. While the synthesis is generally quite robust and can easily afford phase pure Fe3C, it now has been shown that the particle size, morphology, excess carbon, and amount of nitrogen in the resulting nanomaterials can readily be tuned. In addition, it was discovered that Fe2N can be synthesized as an intermediate by stopping the reaction at a lower heating temperature. These nanomaterials were tested for their electrochemical activity in oxygen evolution reactions (OER).
NETHERLANDS SEEKING FOR A NEW BALANCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL TAXATION
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nevskaya Anastasia
Published: November 2021

The article examines the combination of the Netherlands’ departure from the role of a transit jurisdiction for capital from all over the world and their struggle to attract the headquarters of multinational companies, including those migrating from the UK due to Brexit. It is shown that these processes are due to both fundamental reasons and the current need of countries for tax refunds to replenish their budgets to cover the consequences of the pandemic crisis. The author comes to the conclusion that the restructuring of the rules of international tax regulation which is going on now, may cause clashes of countries’ interests and strategies, which is illustrated by the example of the breakdown of the Agreement on the avoidance of double taxation between Russia and the Netherlands.
GERMAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY: MAIN OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Timoshenkova Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

The Federal Republic of Germany plays not only a leading role in the EU, but is also a global player with interests around the world. At the same time, the FRG has succeeded in establishing itself as an «honest broker» and mediator in international conflicts. Its image as a democratic state under the rule of law with a developed social system and a stable economic development model is attractive to many countries, including «developing» ones, which aspire to cooperate with Germany and are guided by its experience and recommendations. The German Development Policy is an important instrument of soft power, which is used not only for humanitarian purposes, but also to meet specific economic and political objectives. Thanks to its effective development policy, Germany manages to maintain contacts with representatives of various political elites, even if relations with the official government deteriorate. Non-governmental organizations play a major role in promoting German interests. Moreover, an outside observer might get the impression that it is these organizations that largely determine the development policy of the Federal Republic of Germany. In order to understand how this foreign policy mechanism functions, what its strengths are, and what role the state and civil society actors (NGOs, party-political foundations, charities, etc.) play in development policy, it is necessary to analyze the structure, goals and principles of German development policy. This article is devoted to this question.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GERMANY IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the state and prospects of the mechanisms of Russian-economic agrarian cooperation. In foreign and domestic scientific literature, this topic has so far remained outside the scope of attention of scientists and experts. The author explores the foundations of cooperation at the state level and the level of private interest groups. The analysis of the activities of the «German-Russian Agrarian Dialogue» – the main structure of institutional interaction is carried out. It was created on the initiative of the German side in the first half of the 90’s of the last century. Its role in supporting various interest groups in cooperation is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the German entrepreneur S. Duerr and his company «EkoNiva». This is an example of «best practies» in the use of advanced management and agricultural technologies in Russian conditions. The author predicts the further development of Russian-German institutional interaction in agriculture
EXPORT SUPPORT SYSTEM IN GERMANY: SET UP APPROACH
Authors:   Trade mission of the Russian Federation in the Federal Republic of Germany, Sobolev Andrey , Poptsov Dmitriy ,   UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Tyagusov Mikhail ,   Trade mission of the Russian Federation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Published: November 2021

Support for export activities has been the focus of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany for many years. Since the launch of the «three pillars system» in 1971, considerable experience has been accumulated in testing and implementing export support mechanisms. An important feature of the German export support system is the significant role, in addition to state institutions, of «intermediary organizations» – such as the AHK, GTAI, GIZ and others. In many ways, the success of German exports is due to the effective interaction of government agencies, private business and advisory / public associations. Germany’s systematic approach to implementing the policy of supporting export-oriented SMEs in priority export industry areas deserves special attention. The purpose of the article is to identify the strengths of the German export support system. The study of the accumulated foreign experience may be of interest for the further development of domestic exports, including in the context of the ongoing reform of the relevant institutions for supporting and facilitating export activities.
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN CZECH REPUBLIC: OPPOSITION’S TRIUMPH
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Vedernikov Mikhail
Published: November 2021

The article examines the results of the parliamentary elections in the Czech Republic, which took place on October 8-9, 2021. During them, the ruling ANO movement, headed by Prime Minister A. Babis, suffered an unexpected defeat. The winner of the vote was Together coalition, a three-party coalition with the goal of removing the Prime Minister due to his controversial reputation and alleged violation of democratic governance. The paper substantiates the decline in the popularity of ANO movement, outlines the opposition’s tools in the fight against the main competitor. Author characterized the reasons that led to the reduction of the representation of the Czech Pirate Party in the new composition of parliament, one of the favorites of pre-election sociological research. The factors of support growth for the movement «Mayors and Independents» are identified. Author paid attention to the historical failure of the Czech left. The author notes that according to the vote results, the Czech society remains polarized and disunited due to the presence of a large population group that does not agree with the ideology of the victorious forces
Voxelwise Encoding Models Show That Cerebellar Language Representations Are Highly Conceptual
Authors: LeBel Amanda , Jain Shailee , Huth Alexander G.
Published: November 2021

There is a growing body of research demonstrating that the cerebellum is involved in language understanding. Early theories assumed that the cerebellum is involved in low-level language processing. However, those theories are at odds with recent work demonstrating cerebellar activation during cognitive tasks. Using natural language stimuli and an encoding model framework, we performed an fMRI experiment on 3 men and 2 women, where subjects passively listened to 5 h of natural language stimuli, which allowed us to analyze language processing in the cerebellum with higher precision than previous work. We used these data to fit voxelwise encoding models with five different feature spaces that span the hierarchy of language processing from acoustic input to high-level conceptual processing. Examining the prediction performance of these models on separate BOLD data shows that cerebellar responses to language are almost entirely explained by high-level conceptual language features rather than low-level acoustic or phonemic features. Additionally, we found that the cerebellum has a higher proportion of voxels that represent social semantic categories, which include “social” and “people” words, and lower representations of all other semantic categories, including “mental,” “concrete,” and “place” words, than cortex. This suggests that the cerebellum is representing language at a conceptual level with a preference for social information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent work has demonstrated that, beyond its typical role in motor planning, the cerebellum is implicated in a wide variety of tasks, including language. However, little is known about the language representations in the cerebellum, or how those representations compare to cortex. Using voxelwise encoding models and natural language fMRI data, we demonstrate here that language representations are significantly different in the cerebellum compared with cortex. Cerebellum language representations are almost entirely semantic, and the cerebellum contains overrepresentation of social semantic information compared with cortex. These results suggest that the cerebellum is not involved in language processing per se, but cognitive processing more generally.
Single-Unit Recordings Reveal the Selectivity of a Human Face Area
Authors: Decramer Thomas , Premereur Elsie , Zhu Qi , Van Paesschen Wim , van Loon Johannes , Vanduffel Wim , Taubert Jessica , Janssen Peter , Theys Tom
Published: November 2021

The exquisite capacity of primates to detect and recognize faces is crucial for social interactions. Although disentangling the neural basis of human face recognition remains a key goal in neuroscience, direct evidence at the single-neuron level is limited. We recorded from face-selective neurons in human visual cortex in a region characterized by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations for faces compared with objects. The majority of visually responsive neurons in this fMRI activation showed strong selectivity at short latencies for faces compared with objects. Feature-scrambled faces and face-like objects could also drive these neurons, suggesting that this region is not tightly tuned to the visual attributes that typically define whole human faces. These single-cell recordings within the human face processing system provide vital experimental evidence linking previous imaging studies in humans and invasive studies in animal models.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present the first recordings of face-selective neurons in or near an fMRI-defined patch in human visual cortex. Our unbiased multielectrode array recordings (i.e., no selection of neurons based on a search strategy) confirmed the validity of the BOLD contrast (faces–objects) in humans, a finding with implications for all human imaging studies. By presenting faces, feature-scrambled faces, and face-pareidolia (perceiving faces in inanimate objects) stimuli, we demonstrate that neurons at this level of the visual hierarchy are broadly tuned to the features of a face, independent of spatial configuration and low-level visual attributes.
Neural Markers of Speech Comprehension: Measuring EEG Tracking of Linguistic Speech Representations, Controlling the Speech Acoustics
Authors: Gillis Marlies , Vanthornhout Jonas , Simon Jonathan Z. , Francart Tom , Brodbeck Christian
Published: November 2021

When listening to speech, our brain responses time lock to acoustic events in the stimulus. Recent studies have also reported that cortical responses track linguistic representations of speech. However, tracking of these representations is often described without controlling for acoustic properties. Therefore, the response to these linguistic representations might reflect unaccounted acoustic processing rather than language processing. Here, we evaluated the potential of several recently proposed linguistic representations as neural markers of speech comprehension. To do so, we investigated EEG responses to audiobook speech of 29 participants (22 females). We examined whether these representations contribute unique information over and beyond acoustic neural tracking and each other. Indeed, not all of these linguistic representations were significantly tracked after controlling for acoustic properties. However, phoneme surprisal, cohort entropy, word surprisal, and word frequency were all significantly tracked over and beyond acoustic properties. We also tested the generality of the associated responses by training on one story and testing on another. In general, the linguistic representations are tracked similarly across different stories spoken by different readers. These results suggests that these representations characterize the processing of the linguistic content of speech.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor clinical applications, it would be desirable to develop a neural marker of speech comprehension derived from neural responses to continuous speech. Such a measure would allow for behavior-free evaluation of speech understanding; this would open doors toward better quantification of speech understanding in populations from whom obtaining behavioral measures may be difficult, such as young children or people with cognitive impairments, to allow better targeted interventions and better fitting of hearing devices.
Timescales of Local and Cross-Area Interactions during Neuroprosthetic Learning
Authors: Derosier Katherine , Veuthey Tess L. , Ganguly Karunesh
Published: November 2021

How does the brain integrate signals with different timescales to drive purposeful actions? Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer a powerful tool to causally test how distributed neural networks achieve specific neural patterns. During neuroprosthetic learning, actuator movements are causally linked to primary motor cortex (M1) neurons, i.e., “direct” neurons that project to the decoder and whose firing is required to successfully perform the task. However, it is unknown how such direct M1 neurons interact with both “indirect” local (in M1 but not part of the decoder) and across area neural populations (e.g., in premotor cortex/M2), all of which are embedded in complex biological recurrent networks. Here, we trained male rats to perform a M1-BMI task and simultaneously recorded the activity of indirect neurons in both M2 and M1. We found that both M2 and M1 indirect neuron populations could be used to predict the activity of the direct neurons (i.e., “BMI-potent activity”). Interestingly, compared with M1 indirect activity, M2 neural activity was correlated with BMI-potent activity across a longer set of time lags, and the timescale of population activity patterns evolved more slowly. M2 units also predicted the activity of both M1 direct and indirect neural populations, suggesting that M2 population dynamics provide a continuous modulatory influence on M1 activity as a whole, rather than a moment-by-moment influence solely on neurons most relevant to a task. Together, our results indicate that longer timescale M2 activity provides modulatory influence over extended time lags on shorter-timescale control signals in M1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central question in the study of motor control is whether primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (M2) interact through task-specific subpopulations of neurons, or whether tasks engage broader correlated networks. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are powerful tools to study cross-area interactions. Here, we performed simultaneous recordings of M1 and M2 in a BMI task using a subpopulation of M1 neurons (direct neurons). We found that activity outside of direct neurons in M1 and M2 was predictive of M1-BMI task activity, and that M2 activity evolved at slower timescales than M1. These findings suggest that M2 provides a continuous modulatory influence on M1 as a whole, supporting a model of interactions through broad correlated networks rather than task-specific neural subpopulations.
Nombres escuetos en contextos no verídicos
Authors: Verdecchia Matías
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo analizamos la distribución de los nombres contables en singular sin determinante bajo el alcance de la negación en español (e. g., No leí libro mejor que este). Nuestra propuesta es que estos nombres están encabezados por un indefinido nulo δ que resulta referencialmente deficiente (Giannakidou 2011). En este sentido, estos SSNN se comportan como términos de polaridad que deben licenciarse en contextos no verídicos. Así, señalamos que su legitimación no se restringe únicamente al ámbito de la negación, sino que también puede darse en otras configuraciones no verídicas, tales como el antecedente de un condicional o una interrogativa total. Respecto a su significado, argumentamos que se trata de indefinidos antiespecíficos. Particularmente, sostenemos que no se interpretan como términos de elección libre, sino como indefinidos referencialmente vagos.
Nombres en -ame(n) en el español de los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Prieto García-Seco David
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo estudia un grupo de sustantivos colectivos terminados en -ame(n) que comenzaron a utilizarse en español en los siglos XVI y XVII; los sustantivos en cuestión son barrilamen, bestiame(n), botamen, cerdamen, cordame(n), leñame(n), maderame(n), pelamen, poleame(n) y velame(n). En primer lugar, se muestra de qué manera evolucionó el sufijo latino -men en distintas lenguas romances con el objeto de conocer en cuáles desarrolló un valor semántico colectivo. Seguidamente, se aborda el estudio monográfico de los diez sustantivos mencionados, prestando especial atención a su origen y a su trayectoria histórica. Por último, se exponen unas consideraciones finales en las que se reflexiona, entre otros aspectos, sobre a la terminación -ame(n) en español y sobre la procedencia de las voces estudiadas.
Narrativas de las cuevas de Kumbe Mayo-Perú
Authors: López Aldave Natali
Published: November 2021

En el presente artículo, se analizaron cinco cuevas halladas en el centro ceremonial de Kumbe Mayo, ubicado en el departamento de Cajamarca, Perú. El estudio se basó en un análisis espacial e iconográfico y en la revisión de fuentes históricas y etnográficas. La composición de los símbolos hallados en Kumbe Mayo giró en torno a narrativas vinculadas con la sacralidad del agua, el espacio-tiempo, los ancestros y la fertilidad, materializadas en la construcción del canal; así como en las figuras plasmadas en las cuevas, donde destacan los símbolos zoomorfos, geométricos y antropomorfos. Estas narrativas se extendieron a otros sitios de los Andes centrales y de México.
Medicina tradicional y arte popular en el Perú
Authors: Ramírez León Luis
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se trata de mostrar las relaciones de objetos destacados del arte popular con la práctica de la medicina tradicional contemporánea, como producto de la concepción sincrética cultural andina. Dichos objetos serán analizados formal, iconográfica y funcionalmente dentro de los contextos socioculturales regionales, interpretándolos en base a sus nexos con la medicina tradicional y con la cosmovisión andina que los sustenta, y profundizar de ese modo en su dimensión significativa.
El Perú de cara al Bicentenario
Authors: Alvarez Chávez Roland
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo se genera en el marco de las elecciones presidenciales de segunda vuelta en el Perú, a partir de la narrativa que se ha generado durante la campaña política y las reacciones que se han visto en los medios y en las redes sociales, una vez que se conocieron los resultados de conteo rápido, y que dieron como resultado una ligera distancia a favor de Pedro Castillo, candidato de Perú Libre. Se propone un análisis desde el enfoque de los imaginarios sociales, para ubicar y tratar de indagar en una serie de discursos que se han construido sobre la figura del candidato de Perú Libre, y que constituye el reflejo de un proceso de resistencia que puede interpretarse como ‘colonial’, lo que además ha colocado al país en un contexto de polarización política, y de cara a nuestro Bicentenario como República. Categorías como comunista, terrorista, serrano pobre y sin preparación, y enemigo del desarrollo son las principales condiciones atribuidas al candidato Castillo que se describirán y se tratará de analizar en este espacio. Sin duda alguna, esto constituye un tema clave para la realidad actual del país, pues estamos enfrentando un problema que data de largo tiempo, y que al parecer su solución se ha ido posponiendo en todos estos años. Las últimas elecciones han demostrado la necesidad y el reclamo de un cambio en el ‘sistema’, sobre todo desde las zonas y ciudadanos históricamente más excluidos y marginados del país.