bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolução clínica do tratamento de Tuberculose Pulmonar em Nampula / Clinical course of treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nampula
Authors: Cumaquela Graciano Mauricio Francisco , Alide Atumane , Remígio Carolina
Published: July 2018

Moçambique, um país com uma população de cerca de 25.834 milhões, está entre os 22 países que contribuem com 80% de casos de tuberculose no mundo e ocupa atualmente a 11ª posição, com uma incidência de 552 casos a cada 100 mil habitantes. O objetivo foi avaliar a evolução clínica do tratamento de Tuberculose pulmonar, através do seguimento dos casos desde o primeiro ao último mês de tratamento. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza descritiva, prospetivo, que incluiu uma amostra de 21 doentes com Tuberculose Pulmonar no Hospital Geral de Marrere (HGM), Nampula. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas e observações através de um questionário fechado elaborado com base no modelo PNCT-3. Resultados: A incidência de casos novos foi de 90% enquanto que o restante foram casos previamente tratados e foi maior no sexo masculino. A coinfecção da Tuberculose pelo Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humano na amostra foi de 52%. As baciloscopias feitas mostraram um decréscimo de positividade desde o início, ao fim da fase I e II (71%, 0% e 5%). Os resultados do tratamento quanto a cura, abandono, falência terapêutica e óbito foram respetivamente 71%, 19%, 5% e 5%. Conclusão: A evolução clínica não foi satisfatória pois a taxa de cura não atingiu as metas recomendadas pelo Programa Nacional de Controlo de Tuberculose (PNCT).AbstractMozambique, a country with a population of about 25,834 million, is among the 22 countries that account for 80% of tuberculosis cases in the world and currently holds the 11th position, with an incidence of 552 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The purpose was to evaluate the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment by following up cases from the first to sixth / eighth months of treatment. A study was conducted descriptive, prospective, which included a sample of 21 patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Marrere General Hospital (MGH), Nampula. In the collection data were interviews and observations through a closed questionnaire prepared based on the NTCP-3 model. Results: The incidence of new cases was 90%, while the remainder were previously treated cases and was higher in males. The co-infection of TB by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the sample was 52%. The smear made positivity showed decrease from the beginning to the end of phase I and II (71%, 0% and 5%). The results of the treatment as a cure, abandonment, treatment failure and death were respectively 71%, 19%, 5% and 5%. Conclusions: The clinical outcome was not satisfactory because the cure rate did not reach the targets recommended by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTCP).
PENGARUH LKPD BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNINGTERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Salwan Salwan , Rahmatan Hafnati
Published: July 2018

AbstrakPenelitianini bertujuan untukmengetahuipengaruhLKPD berbasis discovery learning terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan makanan di kelas VIII MTsN Rukoh Banda Aceh.Desainpenelitian adalah eksperimensemu (quasyexsperimen) denganrancanganthepretest and posttest nonequivalent control group design. Data dianalisismenggunakan pendekatan kuantitatifdenganujistatistikuji t danN-Gain.Hasilanalisis data diperoleh sebagaiberikut: LKPD berbasis discovery learningmaterisistem pencernaanterjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,36% dengan kategori sedang, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 0,07% dengan kategori rendah. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji t terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol sebesarthitung2,113ttabel2,002, makadapatdisimpulkanbahwapengaruh LKPD berbasis discovery learningmaterisistem pencernaan makanan dapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.Kata Kunci:LKPD berbasis discovery learning, hasil belajar, sistem pencernaan makanan.
ANALISIS SOAL-SOAL UJIAN MATERI STOIKIOMETRI SMA NEGERI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Eka , Khaldun Ibnu , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: July 2018

AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji fenomena distribusi jenjang taksonomi Bloom dan menganalisis kualitas dari butir soal tes materi stoikiometri yang diaplikasikan pada ujian akhir semester genap tahun akademik 2015-2016 oleh guru kimia di kota Banda Aceh. Ada delapan sekolah yang dipilih melalui cluster sample, yaitu SMAN 3, SMAN 4, SMAN 5, SMAN 6, SMAN 10 Fajar Harapan, SMAN 11, SMAN 12, dan SMAN 13 Banda Aceh. Data yang digunakan adalah soal ujian semester genap materi stoikiometri yang dikumpulkan dari sekolah-sekolah tersebut. Data penelitian dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenjang taksonomi, dilanjutkan dengan analisis persentase untuk menentukan distribusi jenjang soal.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 62,5% sekolah menggunakan tingkatan C2, C3, dan C4; 25% sekolah menggunakan tingkatan C2 dan C4 saja; dan 12,5% sekolah menggunakan tingkatan C2 dan C3. Hasil analisis kualitas butir soal tes secara kuantitatif diperoleh 20 soal (57,14%) layak untuk diaplikasikan, 4 soal (11,42%) harus diperbaiki dan 11 soal (31,4%) tidak layak diaplikasikan. Hasil uji reliabilitas diperoleh sebesar 0,689, ini berarti bahwa  soal yang diaplikasikan  tidak reliabel. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa distribusi jenjang soal ujian akhir semester untuk materi stoikiometri di Banda Aceh masih bervariasi dan kualitas soal secara kuantitatif masih ada yang belum layak pakai.Kata kunci:analisis soal, taksonomi Bloom, stoikiometri.
MEMPERSIAPKAN GENERASI PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENYAWA KARBON BERMUATAN NILAI KARAKTER
Authors: Maulia Putri Septina , Sulastri Sulastri , Saminan Saminan
Published: July 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan karakter peduli lingkungan peserta didik dengan menggunakan modul bermuatan nilai karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan modul bermuatan nilai karakter pada materi senyawa karbon yang telah dikembangkan dan telah layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji persepsi peserta didik setelah mempelajari modul bermuatan nilai karakter. Instrumen angket persepsi yang digunakan meliputi 10 aspek karakter menurut Lickona diantaranya bijaksana, adil, memiliki daya tahan, memiliki kontrol diri, mencintai, sikap positif, kerja keras, integritas, berterimakasih dan rendah hati. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa hasil rata-rata persepsi peserta didik di SMAN 1, 5, 6 dan 10 Banda Aceh  terhadap modul bermuatan nilai karakter yang dkembangkan adalah sangat baik dengan persentase 85.Kata kunci: Kesadaran Lingkungan, Modul, Karakter, Kimia Karbon, Persepsi.
Ewing`s sarcoma of the mandible misdiagnosed as periodontal inflammation: Report of three cases
Authors: Balkaya Eda , Bozkurt Ceyhun , Aksu Ali Emre , Özmen Selahattin , Özdemir Sonay İncesoy- , Şahin Gürses
Published: July 2018

Ewing`s sarcoma (ES) is the second most common childhood primary malignant tumor of the bone. The most popular locations of ES are long bones and pelvis. The involvement of the mandible is very rare in childhood. In last 10 years, we met with three cases of ES of the mandible in our department. Initially the patients had symptoms similar to periodontal inflammation. The involvement of the mandible might be considered with periodontal inflammation in its initial stages, what frequently leads to delayed treatment. Although this tumor has an aggressive clinical behavior and rapid growth, early diagnosis can reduce patient`s morbidity and mortality and thus it is important to distinguish from periodontal inflammation.
KONSEKUENSI YURIDIS PENYIMPANGAN KEWENANGAN INTERSEPSI OLEH PENEGAK HUKUM
Authors: Wahyudi Slamet Tri
Published: July 2018

Interception is an act that violates human rights is therefore authorized the interception can only be done by law enforcement officers. In reality interception authority by police to deviate from the provisions that have been mandated by law. This research is a normative legal normative juridical approach. The data collected is secondary data were analyzed using qualitative methods juridical analysis. Based on this study it can be concluded that the juridical consequences of the actions of police conduct authority lapses in implementing the interception an act that is against the law and may be subject to criminal sanctions, it is based on a systematic interpretation of Article 31 paragraph (3), the law enforcement officers who perform deviation authority interception the position equivalent to ordinary people who do the interception as stipulated in Article 31 paragraph (1). So the police action could be sanctioned as provided for in Article 31, paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 47 of Law ITE. Keywords: Deviation, authorized, Interception, Law enforcement
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PENGEDAR DAN PENGGUNA NARKOBA : Penelitian Asas, Teori, Norma dan Praktik Peradilan
Authors: Mulyadi Lilik
Published: July 2018

Formulation types of criminal sanctions (strafsoort) is considered the most appropriate, appropriate and fair for appropriate drugdealers Narcotics Act (Act No. 35of 2009) and Psychotropic Substances Act (Act No. 22 of 1997) andjudicial practicebe assessedfrom the perspective of the principles, theories, norms andjudicial practiceis a system of cumulative-alternative formulation (mixed /combined) between the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment, or a fine, while the length of the formulation of criminals anctions (straafmaat) is considered the most appropriate, appropriateand fair sentenceis a determinate system in the form prescrib edlimit minimum and maximum criminal threats. Punishment for drug user alyzed from the perspective of the principles, theories, norms and practices of its application to the dealers to berelatively severe punishment metedranging from the death penalty, life imprisonment and criminal casesover the past 15-20 years. The nthenature of drug users a sactors (daders) and a victim (victims) in addition to drug crimeshould bedropped also dropped criminal sentencing rehabilitationas stipulated in Article 127 of LawNo. 35 of 2009 for narcoticaddicts. Keywords: Formulation types of criminal sanctions, formulation of criminals anctions (straafmaat)
Mewujudkan Negara Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Subechi Imam
Published: July 2018

This Article entitled " the State law of Indonesian" is the result of a study on the conception of characteristic of law states of Indonesian that distinguish the conception of the state laws in other countries. Based on the research results, can be explained even get the effect of various thoughts, but conception of law state of Indonesian different with conception the rule of law and rechtsstaat. This can be search from basic of philosophy, the nature of sovereignty, the powers of state organs, and human rights. There are six main elements of Indonesian law states, namely: 1) Pancasila; 2) supremacy of law;; 3) democratic 4) restrictions and dispersal of state power; 4) independent judiciary; 6) protection of human rights. the statement of Indonesia as a democratic rule of law based on Pancasila then should all forms of civic and social action must be based on the law.Keywords: Pancasila, State of law (the rule of law, rechtsstaat), Democracy, Human Rights
Disfungsi Peradilan Pajak Indonesia dalam Merealisasikan Keadilan
Authors: Handika Irine
Published: July 2018

Appeals is a remedy that can be used by the taxpayers during the tax dispute with the tax authorities, having previously filed Objection. Philosophy of remedies is a means of seeking justice to fight for their rights as equal before the law, it should be an option that gives freedom for the taxpayer to use or not use. Anomaly occurs, where the Act Number 28 of 2007 on General Provisions and Tax Procedures seeking justice requires to pay the administrative sanction a fine of 100% of Appeals were denied or granted in part. In the middle of the threat of sanctions, taxpayers are dealing with a lower ability of court to produce a fair Judgment for the parties. Therefore, the realization of the Tax Judiciary functions as a conduit of Fairness should be questioned and examined. Keywords: Appeal, Objection, Fine, Judiciary, Fairness
Illegal Fishing sebagai Kejahatan Korporasi Suatu terobosan Hukum pidana dalam mengadili kejahatan
Authors: Iqbal Moch
Published: July 2018

Coverage, insight and understanding of illegal fishing are understood and adhered to in Indonesian positive law is stealing fish and have a big impact on the economy of the country. Therefore, the essence of regulation and prosecution of illegal fishing in Indonesia should be understood in the prosecution of large-scale illegal fishing, which is generally carried out by foreign fleets, foreign vessels are illegal, which has also resulted in harming the country's economy (Indonesia) trillions of dollars each year. With the model and the type of large-scale theft and harm the national economy, the handling of the regulations should be directed at / to overcome the evils of large-scale and complicated (sophisticated), which belong to the type of crime white collar crime or corporate crime. Know and understand the ins and outs as well as the existence of corporate crime, for law enforcement is a necessity in this modern era, this paper therefore focuses on two keywords (key word) illegal fishing and corporate crime. Knowing and understanding the concepts and regulations surrounding corporate crime and illegal fishing be an important contribution in the process of law enforcement. With the understanding of illegal fishing and corporate crime will be a strong foundation for any legal practitioner, especially of law enforcement in the event proceeds and determine the type and classification of appropriate criminal and law enforcement especially true for judges to dare and did not hesitate to impose sanctions on each involved in illegal fishing or corporate offenders. With a firm and clear sentences, and certainly, the law enforcement officers not only enforce the law and justice but also has saved the country's economy, by preventing potential loss of national wealth, as the implementation of the function of law as an instrument of social engineering. Keyword: Illegal Fishing, Crime Corporation, Breaktrhough of criminal Law
PROBLEMATIKA EKSEKUSI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: Rumadan Ismail
Published: July 2018

The existence of the Administrative Court in the judicial system in Indonesia as a manifestation of the commitment of the state to provide legal protection of individual rights and the rights of the general public so as to achieve harmony, harmony, balance, and dynamic and harmonizing the relationship between citizens and the State. But the execution of the decision of the Administrative Court which have permanent legal force by the State Administration officials are not fully effective, although the mechanisms and the stages of execution has been carried out. Factors causing poor execution of the decision of the Administrative Court, among others; absence of rule of law that forced the officials to implement the State Administrative Court's decision: the commandment of the judge's decision that dare not include the forced payment of a sum of money when the state administration officials concerned did not implement the decision of the Court; factor and compliance officials in carrying out the State Administrative Court decision. Keywords: Execution, Judgment of the Court.
DINAMISASI DAN ELASTISITAS HUKUM KEWARISAN ISLAM
Authors: Komari Komari
Published: July 2018

Islamic law of inheritance is, to be followed by all Muslims, but its implementation is not in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law, this is caused by lack of understanding of Islamic inheritance law. In the application of the Islamic law of inheritance can be different from the norms of Islamic law itself, which is done by reconciliation or peace, which is not in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law, but through the application of such a method of interpretation. Interpretation in the application of the law of inheritance is possible in an understanding of the heirs any other alternative that contains the values of justice and peace among the heirs and families. Keywords: Dynamics, Elestisitas, Islamic inheritance law
KEBEBASAN HAKIM DAN PROBLEMATIKANYA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN INDONESIA
Authors: Latif Abdul
Published: July 2018

Indonesian justice system is not fully functioning because there-rules and regulations that do not run as it should and there is a need to ensure greater freedom sanction judges in performing their duties. Public confidence in the judiciary should be restored. To strengthen the justice system needs to be guaranteed freedom of judges. Human resources need to be increased both its integrity and mastery of knowledge in particular substantive legal or formal. Modernization of the administration of justice would be better facilitate the course of justice will grow back confidence to the judiciary, but now is not optimal functioning to complete the administration of justice as is the accumulation of decisions that have not come to those seeking justice. Justice seeker the right to obtain justice freely and impartially, to be treated the same as fellow seekers of justice, and to obtain a decision within a reasonable, simple and low cost is a basic need for every seeker of justice. There needs to be increased in the direction of the change or shift from "the judge is bound" to the "independent judge", of "justice under the law" toward "justice according to the judge as set out in its decision, of thinking with reference to the system in the direction of thinking with reference to the problem. Keywords: Freedom of judges, Problems, Indonesian Justice System.
PENGUNGKAPAN KEUANGAN PERKARA SECARA MEMADAI DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN SATUAN KERJA PERADILAN
Authors: Anis Muhammad
Published: July 2018

Legal fees are collected and maintained by Supreme Court and the courts underneath it so far still an issue related to the management of accounting and reporting. Based on Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 09 tahun 2008 tentang Pelaporan Penerimaan dan Penggunaan Biaya Perkara pada Pengadilan and Peraturan Mahkamah Agung RI. No. 03 Tahun 2012 tentang Biaya Proses penyelesaian perkara dan Pengelolaannya pada MA dan Badan Peradilan yang berada dibawahnya In these rules have arranged that legal fees in the court aggregately were published periodically and managed effectively, efficiently, transparency and stored in a note upon the financial report of the supreme court. Based on Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 09 tahun 2008, report of legal fees has been running well but not yet shown in the financial statements of the institution. The legal fees become important information that must be reported in in the financial statementsas a form of accountability upon a fee levied and to or received from third party. Keywords: court fees, adequatedisclosure
KRIMINALISASI HAKIM DAN EKSISTENSI PRINSIP JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE DALAM BINGKAI NEGARA HUKUM
Authors: Risnain Muh
Published: July 2018

Legal policy throught criminalization of judge by the law are abuse of judicial indpence and threat of rule of law principle while regulate by the constitution. And it is shown that quo vadis of criminalization policy when drafting the law. To solve this problem, there are two step, firstly, House of representative and President as state organs who have authority to arrange the law must pay attention principle of judicial indepence and rule of law, second, reorientation of criminal policy. Keywords: Criminalization, Judicial Independence and Rule of Law.
QUO VADIS: STATUS JABATAN DAN SISTEM KARIR KEPANITERAAN PERADILAN
Authors: Suhariyanto Budi
Published: July 2018

Normatively, judicial registrar status is set differently. While explicity defined as a functional, but without the credit and judicial office. Functional qualification held judicial registrar existence is synchronizedwith the structural position of the promotion system and regular. A clerk on the supreme of court must be a judges. So that the clerk have a career at the highest level only appellate court registry. The supreme of court regulation drafting that gaves the registrar portion to career clerk, then enactment of civilian state apparatus regulation get the civil servants functional oriented. It is necessary to evaluate the official status to career system. On the ius constituendum, registrar as the special functional need to be considered. Keyword: function, career, registrar
HUKUM PERDATA PROGRESIF: PERUBAHAN DAN KESINAMBUNGAN PENEMUAN HUKUM DI BIDANG HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Hidayat Maskur
Published: July 2018

Law is a tool that people can achieve order and the protection of basic human rights. Among others, the right to life and protection, both physical protection, protection of honor and decency and the protection of property rights or properties. The phrase that nothing is eternal except change undoubtedly also applies in the legal world. Every moment is always evolving human problems, as well as a method of conflict resolution must also keep abreast of developing issues. Became law at the center of media demands, namely the rule of law and sense of justice. On the side of the rule of law, justice demands that can be placed exactly over the other side into a sense of justice also demands that require judges to give a personal touch (case by case) in the face of any problems encountered in the trial. Keywords: rule of law, justice and progressive law.
BUKTI ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI YANG SAH DALAM HUKUM ACARA PIDANA
Authors: Ramiyanto Ramiyanto
Published: July 2018

The Criminal Procedure Code as a general criminal procedure does not recognize electronic evidence as one of the admissible types of evidence. In practice, electronic evidence is also used as an admissible evidence to prove the criminal offenses in court. From the results of the discussion it can be concluded that electronic evidence in criminal procedure law is a dependent evidence and an independent evidence (substitution of letter proof if it meets the principle of functional equivalent approach and expansion of evidence) as specified in several special laws and instruments issued by the Supreme Court. The electronic evidence is not regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code as a lex generalis, however, to achieve material truth it can also be used as a valid evidence for the provision of all types of criminal offenses in court. It is based on recognition in the practice of criminal justice, some special laws, and instruments issued by the Supreme Court.Keywords: electronic evidence, admissible evidence, criminal procedure code, proof
Impactos da Constituição brasileira de 1988 na trajetória do desenvolvimento do Nordeste
Authors: Arruda Gerardo Clésio Maia , Mattos Luis Augusto Bezerra
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo busca-se verificar os reflexos da constitucionalização do combate às desigualdades regionais para o desenvolvimento do Nordeste. Para tanto, explicita-se estrutura legislativa e institucional anterior à Constituição de 88, as ações estatais mais relevantes e os obstáculos que frearam os resultados planejados. Em seguida, realiza-se uma análise dos resultados das políticas públicas adotadas, principalmente, nas duas décadas seguintes à promulgação da Carta Cidadã, concernentes à melhoria das condições socioeconômicas da população nordestina. Adotou-se uma abordagem histórica apoiada na literatura que trata da regulamentação do desenvolvimento e em estudos sobre as políticas públicas direcionadas ao crescimento econômico e à redução da pobreza. Conclui-se que a Constituição de 88 proporcionou a execução de ações estatais que promoveram o desenvolvimento do Nordeste, mas que ainda se demanda um esforço hercúleo para reduzir o hiato que separa o Nordeste da região Sudeste.
Cidadania e trabalho informal na Fortaleza do século XIX
Authors: Barreto Lima Martonio Mont'Alverne , Camurça Correia Daniel
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa a tensão entre o poder público e os trabalhadores comuns da cidade de Fortaleza, durante o século XIX. Em um primeiro momento os trabalhadores, em meio à tradição local, circulavam livremente pelo espaço público. Na segunda metade do século XIX, após intenso processo de modernização e aformoseamento da cidade, os populares foram obrigados a migrarem para a marginalidade, proibidos de trabalhar em nome da civilidade e dos bons costumes, com amparo no direito posto que institucionalizava tais limitações de circulações. O objetivo do texto é entender como o processo de afastamento dos vendedores e carregados de seus direitos costumeiros ao trabalho foi retirado paulatinamente de suas mãos. Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que as leis aprovadas pela elite política fortalezense beneficiaram a emergente classe comerciante em detrimento dos trabalhadores pobres, afastando-os do acesso à cidadania e aos seus direitos. Chama a atenção que o direito já consolidado da liberdade de ir e vir, amparado pela garantia do não significou impedimento para a aplicação de uma legislação local que limitava exatamente a mesma liberdade de ir e vir. Tal fato provoca inevitavelmente a discussão sobre a força do direito em sociedade fortemente patrimonialista
Violencia de Género y función policial: análisis de la situación en Estados Unidos y España
Authors: Vidales Caty , Johanning Ana T. Carazo
Published: July 2018

A violência contra mulheres e meninas tornou-se uma verdadeira pandemia e tem sido descrita como uma violação autêntica dos direitos humanos. Dada a magnitude do problema, os legisladores nacionais não permaneceram impassíveis e, por essa razão, não devem perder a enorme quantidade de trabalho doutrinário que é dedicado ao assunto. Este artigo, no entanto, aborda este problema a partir de uma abordagem para a qual, até o momento, pouca atenção tem sido dada, qual é o papel atribuído à polícia e a eventual responsabilidade do Estado, e também é feito de uma perspectiva comparada entre os sistemas jurídicos norte-americano e espanhol, porque eles são considerados uma referência na política igualitária.
O papel essencial e futurista da educação e dos investimentos em ciência e tecnologia no aprimoramento e catalisação do modelo chinês de desenvolvimento
Authors: Peixoto Maurício Muriack de Fernandes , Godoy Arnaldo Sampaio de Moraes
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever e demonstrar de que forma a China há privilegiado o investimento em educação básica e avançada e em ciência e tecnologia como instrumentos estratégicos para alavancar a concreção do direito ao desenvolvimento. O problema que iremos pesquisar é o da imprescindibilidade da primazia aos investimentos educacionais básicos e avançados e em pesquisa tecnológica como elementos paulatinos de sustentabilidade da continuidade do progresso chinês. A metodologia que iremos adotar será a de pesquisa bibliográfica. O objeto é relevante cientificamente porque revela como a educação e a pesquisa em ciência e tecnologia se transformaram em sustentáculos insubstituíveis para o paradigmático progresso chinês e como a China conseguiu aprimorar suas políticas públicas na área educacional a partir de seus erros históricos, usando com sabedoria a combinação de programas gradualistas e focados na resolução dos problemas exsurgentes em cada etapa de seu processo de desenvolvimento. Após revolucionar a educação básica, universalizando o ensino e erradicando o analfabetismo, a China se concentra em melhorar a qualidade do ensino, dobrando o número de chineses com acesso à universidade e investindo fortemente em pesquisa, ciência e tecnologia. Desta forma, a  educação e a pesquisa tecnológica são atualmente uma das principais peças de sustentação do modelo de desenvolvimento chinês no século XXI e um de seus principais “segredos de polichinelo” rumo ao progresso.
Symmetrically Backfolded Molecules Emulating the Self-Similar Features of Sierpinski Triangle
Authors: Sun Yan-Qiong , Xiao Ran , He Jun , Zeller Matthias , Wong Wai-Yeung , Xu Zhengtao
Published: July 2018

Novel branching motif in hierarchical self-similar molecules: we present an under-explored class of molecules featuring striking geometric resemblance to the famous fractal of Sierpinski triangle. Unlike the more traditional, starburst dendrimers, the centripetal-shaped Sierpinski molecules feature side branches symmetrically bent away from the growth direction of the main branch, thus contrasting the natural-tree shape. Molecule G3 exhibits three distinct levels of structural hierachy comprising the primary, secondary and tertiary branches, while the smaller G2 contains only features of the 1st and 2nd orders. In spite of the much larger conjugated backbone of G3, its UV-vis absorption remains little shifted in wavelength compared to G2, while the emission of G3 is curiously blue-shifted by over 50 nm from that of G2.
موقف المملكة العربية السعودية من قيام الثورة الإسلامية الإيرانية عام 1979
Authors: Othman Nazem Y. , Shafiq Nizar Z.
Published: July 2018

الملخص

 إحتلت المملكة العربية السعودية مكانة بارزة على الصعيدين الأقليمي والدولي لما امتازت به من ثقل ديني وسياسي وإقتصادي، وقد أولت المملكة العربية السعودية إهتماماَ بالغاَ بالقضايا الأقليمية بشكل عام وإيران بشكل خاص، لا سيما خلال الأحداث الداخلية في إيران خلال عام 1978 وقيام الثورة الإيرانية في 1979. حيث إكتسبت العلاقات السعودية – الإيرانية أهمية خاصة في تشكيل منظومة العلاقات الإيرانية مع الدول الخليجية، وذلك بحكم الثقل السياسي والتاريخي والديني والإقتصادي الذي تمثله الدولتان.

 تنطلق أهمية البحث في تسليط الضوء على الموقف السعودي من قيام الثورة الإسلامية الإيرانية عام 1979. حيث قسم البحث على  أربعة محاور، وجاء في مقدمة البحث التمهيد لإلقاء نظرة في العلاقات السعودية – الإيرانية قبل عام 1979، وجاء المحور الأول ليسلط الضوء على موقف السعودية من الأحداث الداخلية في إيران قبيل سقوط الشاه، أما المحور الثاني فقد خصص لموقف  السعودية من قيام الثورة الإيرانية، أما المحور الثالث فقد بحث عن موقف المملكة العربية السعودية من مبدأ تصدير الثورة إلى  الخارج، وركز المحور الرابع لتطور العلاقات بين البلدين بعد إحتلال السفارة الأمريكية في طهران.
SEKUJANG DI AMBANG HILANG: USAHA PELESTARIAN SASTRA LISAN MELALUI FILM DOKUMENTER
Authors: Wibowo Sarwo F.
Published: July 2018

Sekujang merupakan tradisi tahunan yang diadakan oleh masyarakat Serawai di Kabupaten Seluma untuk mendoakan jemo putus (orang yang putus silislahnya, orang yang mati karena kecelakaan, orang yang mati namun tidak ditemukan mayatnya, dan lain-lain). Tradisi ini dulunya dilaksanakan tidak kurang dari tujuh desa di Kabupaten Seluma dan Kepahiang, namun saat ini hanya desa Talang Benuang saja yang melestarikannya. Penelitian ini merupakan usaha dokumentasi Sekujang sebagai sastra lisan yang terancam punah. Data mengenai sejarah, asalusul, tata cara Sekujang, dan pergeseran nilai yang terjadi dalam sekujang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan teknik simak cakap. Selain itu juga dilakukan observasi dan dokumentasi untuk merekam dan menunjukkan kondisi sebenarnya dalam ritual Sekujang. Hasil penelitian ini berhasil menggali bahwa hilangnya adat Sekujang di beberapa desa utamanya diakibatkan oleh meninggalnya tetuo Sekujang yang membawa pengetahuan tentang tradisi ini mati bersamanya.Beberapa faktor lain seperti adanya tekanan dari pihak yang mengklaim Sekujang sebagai tindakan syirik, tidak adanya dukungan dari pemerintah, keterbatasan dana, dan persaingan dengan kebudayaan modern makin memberi dorongan bagi Sekujang menuju kepunahannya.Mengingat kondisinya yang sangat kritis, maka pelestarian melalui film dokumenter menjadi jalan keluar terbaik yang memberikan manfaat ganda. Pertama, film dokumenter menjadi upaya dokumentasi visual dan kedua film dokumenter menjadi bagian dalam upaya advokasi dan promosi pelestarian tradisi ini.
Los bienes comunes y lo común: escenario para la paz en Colombia a partir de nuevas ciudadanías
Authors: Holguín Ignacio
Published: July 2018

Lo común y los bienes comunes pueden constituirse en elementos fundantes de ciudadanía y soportes para la construcción de territorios de paz, a partir de comunidades empoderadas que se presentan como interlocutores válidos frente al Estado y la sociedad. Colombia necesita en la actual coyuntura convocar a la ciudadanía y las comunidades para construir la paz, pues la acción del Estado resultará insuficiente para lograr este propósito. La paz como máximo bien para un país que ha sufrido tantos años de guerra puede ser alcanzada en forma sólida y perdurable solamente si nuevas expresiones de ciudadanía surgen en los territorios urbanos y rurales donde hasta ahora campeó la violencia. Los bienes comunes son el eje alrededor del cual pueden surgir estas nuevas formas de ciudadanía.
¿De qué hablamos cuando aspiramos a educar para el desarrollo en América Latina?
Authors: Rivera Hernández Marcia
Published: July 2018

Pensar en el papel de la educación para el desarrollo en el contexto latinoamericano nos pone en la vía de hacer referencia a eso que se ha llamado desarrollo. Una noción tan elástica y polisémica que su contenido se ha llegado a desvirtuar hasta convertirlo en muchas cosas, distintas entre sí. A veces es una quimera, un mito, una falsa promesa, bajo la cual se han llevado adelante políticas que no han resultado positivas para el devenir de nuestros pueblos. Otras, con menor frecuencia, la noción de desarrollo ha permitido un abordaje integral, una hoja de ruta, donde los desafíos económicos, sociales, políticos, culturales, científicos y educativos han podido conjugarse en forma sinérgica y se han puesto en marcha procesos que resultan en diversas formas de alcanzar incrementos en el bienestar general y colectivo. Por esto, apuntalar muy bien el sentido, alcance y significado del esquivo término desarrollo es fundamental para encaminar una discusión seria de cómo podemos educar a una sociedad o a nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas, para construir progresivamente otra ruta hacia una prosperidad bien compartida. Así pues, este artículo se propone abonar el terreno en esta dirección.
Sistema de mediación familiar en Chile: reflexiones sobre el acceso a la justicia y la resolución colaborativa
Authors: Valdebenito Larenas Caterine , Donoso Díaz María De la Paz
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo expondrá los principales resultados alcanzados en el estudio realizado durante el año 2015, que se ocupó de analizar los procesos de mediación familiar en Chile, desde la perspectiva de los mediadores y su valoración en torno al acceso a la justicia y la resolución colaborativa, a partir de la aplicación de modelos y herramientas modificados desde el nuevo sistema de mediacion familiar licitada. Para ello, se ha organizado esta exposición en torno a la presentación del problema, el diseño metodológico que guió el estudio, las conclusiones y las propuestas a la luz del trabajo realizado.
Improving 3D Ultrasound Scan Adequacy Classification Using a Three-Slice Convolutional Neural Network Architecture
Authors: Paserin Olivia , Mulpuri Kishore , Cooper Anthony , Abugharbieh Rafeef , Hodgson Antony J.
Published: July 2018

Accurately detecting and diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a common hip instability condition among infants, requires ultrasound (US) image data that captures the relevant anatomical structures. Our group has recently introduced a technique for automatically processing 3D US scans of the neonatal hip that significantly reduces dysplasia metric measurement variability, but it can be challenging for a clinician to know at the time of acquisition if they have acquired a volume suitable for analysis. We have previously introduced a single-slice-based approach for assessing adequacy of acquired volumes that worked reasonably well, but we believe that more explicitly three-dimensional approaches would be more robust and reliable. Here, we propose a new technique based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that incorporates inter-slice information and transfer learning. Our classifier labels volumes as adequate or inadequate for subsequent interpretation based on detecting the presence of key hip anatomical structures needed for DDH diagnosis. We validate our approach on 40 datasets from 15 pediatric patients and demonstrate a slice classification rate of 93% (improving on our previous implementation by 3%) with average processing time of 2 seconds per US volume. We expect automatic US scan adequacy assessment to have significant clinical impact with the potential to help in imaging standardization, improving efficiency of measuring DDH metrics, and improving accuracy of clinical decision making.
Does robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty benefit short-term clinical outcomes? A pair match-controlled study
Authors: Perets Itay , Walsh John , Mu Brian , Mansor Yosif , Yuen Leslie , Domb Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Recent advances have made robotic assistance a viable option in total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the clinical outcomes of this procedure relative to THA without robotic assistance have yet to be reported. This study presents short-term outcomes of robotically assisted THA compared to a pair-matched control group of patients that underwent THA without robotic assistance.

Data were prospectively collected on all THAs performed from July 2011 to January 2015. Patients were included if they underwent primary THA treating idiopathic osteoarthritis and were eligible for minimum two-year follow-up. Outcomes were measured using Harris Hip Score (HHS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12), pain on a visual analog scale (VAS), and satisfaction from 0-10. Patients that underwent THA with robotic assistance were matched 1:1 with THA patients without robotic assistance for age, sex, BMI, and approach.

There were 85 patients in each study group. There were no significant differences in the demographic factors matched for. Both HHS and FJS-12 were significantly higher in the robotic assistance group at minimum two-year follow-up. VAS was lower in the robotic assistance group, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). There was a not a significant difference in patient satisfaction. There was no significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications or subsequent revisions between groups.

Robotically assisted THA is safe and may lead to superior short-term outcomes compared to THA without robotic assistance.
5-year gait analysis as a secondary outcome of a fixed bearing robotic assisted versus mobile bearing manual UKA RCT
Authors: Banger Matthew , Rowe Philip , Millar Lindsay , Blyth Mark , MacLean Angus , Jones Bryn , Donnelly Iona
Published: July 2018

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures have recognised differences in knee kinematics and kinetics from healthy knees. This study reports on the less documented knee kinematics and kinetics of uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) patients during walking as a secondary outcome measure of a RCT between a fixed bearing UKA robotic procedure versus a mobile bearing UKA manual procedure.

Three dimensional, instrumented, gait analysis was performed 5 years after 49 medial osteoarthritis UKA patients received surgery. 27 were randomised to receive a robotic assisted UKA and 22 to receive a manual implant surgery.

The robotic assisted group showed a significant increased range of motion in stance during walking. 59% of the robotic assisted group achieved a bi-phasic sagittal knee moment, in comparison of 50% of the manual group. Significantly higher peak values of the varus knee and internal rotation moments were measured for the robotic assisted group during early and late section of the gait cycle, respectively. This indicates that larger normalised forces are applied through the knee during flat ground walking in the robotic assisted group.

The robotic assisted group showed biomechanical benefits over the manual group for walking tasks. Poor fixation outcomes are avoided in patients with normal knee moments.
An Exploration of Augmented Reality in Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Liu He , Auvinet Edouard , Giles Joshua , Rodriguez Y Baena Ferdinando
Published: July 2018

Computer Aided Surgery (CAS) is helpful, but it clutters an already overcrowded operating theatre, and tends to disrupt the workflow of conventional surgery. In order to provide seamless computer assistance with improved immersion and a more natural surgical workflow, we propose an augmented-reality based navigation system for CAS. Here, we choose to focus on the proximal femoral anatomy, which we register to a plan by processing depth information of the surgical site captured by a commercial depth camera. Intra-operative three-dimensional surgical guidance is then provided to the surgeon through a commercial augmented reality headset, to drill a pilot hole in the femoral head, so that the user can perform the operation without additional physical guides. The user can interact intuitively with the system by simple gestures and voice commands, resulting in a more natural workflow. To assess the surgical accuracy of the proposed setup, 30 experiments of pilot hole drilling were performed on femur phantoms. The position and the orientation of the drilled guide holes were measured and compared with the preoperative plan, and the mean errors were within 2mm and 2°, results which are in line with commercial computer assisted orthopedic systems today.
Robot assisted versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: A prospective randomized controlled trial featuring long term follow-up
Authors: Song Eun-Kyoo , Seon Jong-Keun , Lee Won-Gyun
Published: July 2018

This study determined if robot assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) allows for more accurate alignment, better clinical outcome and long term survival rate compared with conventional TKA. 155 consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA were followed more than ten years. Robotic-assisted TKA appears to reduce the number of mechanical axis alignment outliers without any differences in clinical scores, complications and survival rates when compared to conventional manual techniques.
Accuracy of Bony Resection Under Computer Assisted Navigation Compared with Free-Hand Cutting for Bone Tumors Around the Knee
Authors: Deng Zhiping , Li Bin , Jin Tao , Zhang Qing , Hao Lin , Niu Xiaohui
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCTION

Bone tumor surgery can be more accurate under the computer assisted navigation. The researches have shown the benefit of margin control in pelvic, joint sparing surgery. The traditional method for bone cutting in limb salvage was by free hand. There was no literature focused on the comparison of cutting accuracy in bone tumors around the knee joint. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy for bony resection under navigation and by free hand in limb salvage surgery around the knee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty-nine cases of bone tumors around the knee joint were resected under navigation (Stryker System) in our department from 2008 Sep to 2017 Nov. All the cases were performed intercalary resection in femur or tibia. The initial aim to use navigation was to make the resection more close to the pre-operative planning. The pre-operative planning was performed with the software OrthoMap at the working station (Stryker Company). The CT and MRI imaging were input to the system. We used intraoperative navigation (Iso-C based) to find the cutting plane and use the jig saw to cut the bone. The post-operative specimen was used for verification and compared with the pre-operative plan. The length difference was defined as specimen length minus planning resection length. The control group included 117 cases of tumors around the knee performed limb salvage surgery when bony cutting was achieved by free hand. This was a non-randomized control study. The method to find the cutting plane was by measuring the length from the joint line to the planned plane by ruler. The length of post-operative specimen by free hand was compared with the surgical plan. The length difference was detected in this control group. Then the differences in two groups were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS

The resection lengths in navigation group ranged from 85-282mm and in the free hand group the length ranged from 90-330mm. The length difference between post-operative verification and pre-operative plan was detected. In the navigation group, the length difference was 0.5±2.5mm (range ,-5～5mm), while in the free hand group the length difference was 3.4±9.6mm (range ,-20～29mm), P<0.01. For the absolute value differences analysis, the difference was 2.0±1.6mm and 8.3±6.0mm for navigation and free hand group respectively, P<0.01.

DISCUSSION

Our study shows that bone cutting with navigation can be more accurate than freehand cutting. The average length difference was 2.0mm (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.6mm) when compared to average 8.3mm (95% CI, 2.3 to 14.3mm). The accuracy with navigation is similar to the previous researches. Our comparison with free hand group gives the data how accurate the navigation can help surgeon to achieve. The result indicates that computer assisted navigation can make a role in limb salvage surgery if the precise resection is required.
The Pivot Shift Test Modelled By Catastrophe Theory Corresponds To A Cusp Catastrophe
Authors: Sampath Shameem , Cobb Loren , Grasman Raoul P P P
Published: July 2018

There is currently a lack of a 'Gold Standard' for quantification and modelling of the Pivot Shift test (PST) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. A sudden change in state resulting from a small change in a parameter is characteristic of systems that can be modelled using catastrophe theory. Analysis of data obtained from 50 consecutive navigated ACL reconstructions demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.01) fitting with a cusp type model of catastrophic failure. Modelling the PST as a Cusp catastrophe may enable true evidence based decisions as to which ACL deficient knees should have surgery and guide the decisions as to the optimum type of surgery required. It may also influence the position of the reconstructed ligaments and allow objective comparisons of different ligament types and surgical techniques.
The Study of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnosis of Low Back Pain
Authors: Li Chunde , Qi Longtao , Xu Yangyang
Published: July 2018

Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for outpatient service. It is associated with high costs, and can cause loss of labor and the indirect economic. In Europe and the United States, lower back pain has the corresponding guideline for diagnosis and treatment. But, the hierarchical medical system and process of China is not established at present, and there is lack of guidelines. So, a large number of patients with low back pain have outpatient service in the superior hospital, and it caused a conflict between the increasing demand for outpatient visits and limited medical resources and wasted a lot of public health resources. So, we want to apply the artificial intelligence on the diagnosis of low back pain to help doctor diagnosis and reduce the burden of clinic work.
“Standard” Versus “Challenging” Patients - Perioperative Outcomes using Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dai Yifei , Cui Quanjun , Bolognesi Michael , Wellman Samuel , Seyler Thorsten , Najmabadi Yassaman , Bolch Charlotte , Liu David
Published: July 2018

This study investigated if CAOS TKA cases in higher risk patients would impact the perioperative outcomes of surgery. Intraoperative and recovery/discharge data on 70 patients (72 knees) from a multicenter, consecutive series were analyzed. The patients were grouped into challenging and standard case groups according to the criteria of age, BMI, and degree of deformity. Despite a general trend observed between the challenging and standard cases, the two groups did not exhibit significant differences in terms of surgical time, blood loss, recovery and time to discharge. The data demonstrated consistent perioperative results by CAOS TKA irrespective of patient conditions.