bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved genetic algorithm and its application in neural network adversarial attack
Authors: Yang Dingming , Yu Zeyu , Yuan Hongqiang , Cui Yanrong
Published: May 2022

The choice of crossover and mutation strategies plays a crucial role in the searchability, convergence efficiency and precision of genetic algorithms. In this paper, a novel improved genetic algorithm is proposed by improving the crossover and mutation operation of the simple genetic algorithm, and it is verified by 15 test functions. The qualitative results show that, compared with three other mainstream swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, the algorithm can not only improve the global search ability, convergence efficiency and precision, but also increase the success rate of convergence to the optimal value under the same experimental conditions. The quantitative results show that the algorithm performs superiorly in 13 of the 15 tested functions. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for statistical evaluation, showing the significant advantage of the algorithm at 95% confidence intervals. Finally, the algorithm is applied to neural network adversarial attacks. The applied results show that the method does not need the structure and parameter information inside the neural network model, and it can obtain the adversarial samples with high confidence in a brief time just by the classification and confidence information output from the neural network.
Dietary patterns among Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aljahdali Abeer Ali , Bawazeer Nahla Mohammed
Published: May 2022

We investigated dietary patterns and their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 297 participants (154 men and 143 women) with a mean age (standard deviation) of 54.0 (7.0) years were enrolled in the current study. Self-reported information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, eating behavior, and frequency of consumption was collected from all participants. Principal component analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. We identified five dietary patterns: “Vegetables and olive oil,” “Refined grains and sweets,” “Dairy products and legumes,” “Dates and beverages,” and “Fruit.” Age was inversely associated with the pattern “Refined grains and sweets” (β = -0.036, p <0.001). Females were more likely to have higher scores with the “Fruit” pattern (β = 0.410, p = 0.011). Smoking was associated with “Vegetables and olive oil” (β = 0.919, p = 0.001) and “Dates and beverages” (β = -0.947, p = 0.001) patterns. The level of physical activity was associated with “Dates and beverages” (β = 0.104, p = 0.048) and “Vegetables and olive oil” (β = -0.102, p = 0.048) patterns. The number of snacks consumed was associated with “Dates and beverages” pattern (β = -0.241, p = 0.005), and the frequency of meals eaten in fast food locations and restaurants per month was associated with “Vegetables and olive oil” pattern (β = -0.043, p = 0.034). Each dietary pattern was associated with different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and eating behaviors. This study provides insights into the underlying nutritional habits of Saudi Arabian patients with T2DM. Future studies are necessary to assess these associations in representative samples.
Effectiveness of three delivery models for promoting access to pre-exposure prophylaxis in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Aliyu Sani , Oginni Ayodeji , Ezechi Oliver , Kolawole Grace , Ezeama Nkiru , Dadem Nancin , Anenih James , Alagi Matthias , Ekanem Etim , Afiadigwe Evaristus , Aguolu Rose , Oyebode Tinuade , Babalola-Jacobs Alero , Sagay Atiene , Nweneka Chidi , Kamofu Hadiza , Idoko John
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of three models for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service delivery to HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Nigeria.

Methods

297 heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples were recruited into three PrEP delivery models and followed up for 18 months. The models were i) Outpatient clinic model providing PreP in routine outpatient care; ii) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic model providing PrEP in ART clinics; and iii) Decentralized care model providing PrEP through primary and secondary care centres linked to a tertiary care centre. The primary effectiveness endpoint was incident HIV-1 infection. The HIV incidence before and after the study was compared and the incidence rate ratio computed for each model. Survival analysis was conducted, Cox regression analysis was used to compare the factors that influenced couple retention in each of the models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the median retention time (in months) of the study participants in each of the study models, and log-rank test for equality of survival functions was conducted to test for significant differences among the three models.

Results

There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the couple retention rates among the three models. At months 3, 6 and 9, adherence of the HIV-1-infected partners to ART was highest in the decentralized model, whereas at months 9 and 12, the outpatient model had the highest proportion of HIV-1- uninfected partners adhering to PrEP (p<0.001). The HIV incidence per 100 person-years was zero in the general outpatient clinic and ART clinic models and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.04–9.1) in the decentralized clinic model. The difference in the observed and expected incidence rate was 4.3 (95% CI: 0.44–39.57) for the decentralized clinic model.

Conclusion

Although incidence of HIV seroconversion was highest in the decentralized clinic model, this difference may be due to the higher sexual risk behavior among study participants in the decentralized model rather than the type of service delivery. The study findings imply that any of the models can effectively deliver PrEP services.
Outer retinal features in OCT predict visual recovery after primary macula-involving retinal detachment repair
Authors: Hänsli Christof , Lavan Suijana , Pfister Isabel B. , Schild Christin , Garweg Justus G.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To find predictive markers for the visual potential in optical coherence tomography (OCT) one month after surgical repair of macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (miRD) with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

Methods

This retrospective single-center, single-surgeon cohort study included 74 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary miRD between January 2013 and August 2020 with follow-up examinations for at least 6 months. Patients developing recurrent detachments, media opacities, or with an axial length over 27 mm were excluded from the analysis. LogMAR visual (VA) and LogRAD reading acuity (RA) ± standard deviation (SD), and OCT measurements 6 months after surgery were compared to OCT and VA measurements one month after surgery using multiple linear regression analysis for predictions.

Results

VA increased from 0.34 ± 0.25 at one month to 0.22 ± 0.21 after 6 months [p < 0.001; effect size = -0.662, 95% confidence interval (CI): -(0.99–0.33)]. The continuity of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) increased between 1 and 6 months. Subfoveal ELM integrity after one month predicted VA [adjusted R2 of 8.0%, F(2, 71) = 4.17, p = 0.018] and RA [adjusted R2 of 29%, F(2, 27) = 6.81, p = 0.002] after 6 months. EZ integrity had a less pronounced predictive effect on VA and RA. ELM integrity after 1 month correlated with better reading acuity after 6 months (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

VA and morphological OCT parameters improve between 1 and 6 months after surgery for miRD. The grade of ELM is a better predictor for RA than for VA, explaining more variance.
A highly endemic area of Echinococcus multilocularis identified through a comparative re-assessment of prevalence in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Alto Adige (Italy: 2019–2020)
Authors: Obber Federica , Celva Roberto , Da Rold Graziana , Trevisiol Karin , Ravagnan Silvia , Danesi Patrizia , Cenni Lucia , Rossi Chiara , Bonato Paola , Capello Katia , Hauffe Heidi C. , Massolo Alessandro , Cassini Rudi , Benvenuti Valentina , Agreiter Andreas , Righetti Davide , Ianniello Marco , Dellamaria Debora , Capelli Gioia , Citterio Carlo V.
Published: May 2022

Surveillance of Echinococcus multilocularis at the edge of its range is hindered by fragmented distributional patterns and low prevalence in definitive hosts. Thus, tests with adequate levels of sensitivity are especially important for discriminating between infected and non-infected areas. In this study we reassessed the prevalence of E. multilocularis at the southern border of its distribution in Province of Bolzano (Alto Adige, northeastern Alps, Italy), to improve surveillance in wildlife and provide more accurate estimates of exposure risk. We compared the diagnostic test currently implemented for surveillance based on coproscopy and multiplex PCR (CMPCR) to a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 235 fox faeces collected in 2019 and 2020. The performances of the two tests were estimated using a scraping technique (SFCT) applied to the small intestines of a subsample (n = 123) of the same foxes as the reference standard. True prevalence was calculated and the sample size required by each faecal test for the detection of the parasite was then estimated. True prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes (14.3%) was markedly higher than reported in the last decade, which was never more than 5% from 2012 to 2018 in the same area. In addition, qPCR showed a much higher sensitivity (83%) compared to CMPCR (21%) and agreement with the reference standard was far higher for qPCR (0.816) than CMPCR (0.298) meaning that for the latter protocol, a smaller sample size would be required to detect the disease. Alto Adige should be considered a highly endemic area. Routine surveillance on definitive hosts at the edges of the E. multilocularis distribution should be applied to smaller geographic areas, and rapid, sensitive diagnostic tools using directly host faeces, such as qPCR, should be adopted.
iNaturalist as a tool in the study of tropical molluscs
Authors: Rosa Rafael Masson , Cavallari Daniel Caracanhas , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe
Published: May 2022

Although terrestrial gastropods are remarkably diverse, our knowledge of them is still lacking, especially for species from the Global South. As such, new tools to help researchers collect data on these organisms are very welcome. With this in mind, we investigated Brazilian observations on iNaturalist to assess the feasibility of the data available on the platform as a basis for studies on the tropical terrestrial gastropod fauna. The observations on iNaturalist were filtered by country, Brazil, and higher taxa, namely Eupulmonata, Cyclophoroidea and Helicinoidea, yielding a sample of 4,983 observations. These observations were then reviewed in search of records of rare or little-known species, species found outside their previously known range, and interesting ecological interactions. Exotic species made up 35% to 39% of the sampled iNaturalist records. The most commonly observed species wereLissachatina fulica(Bowdich, 1822),Bradybaena similaris(Férussac, 1822),Drymaeus papyraceus(Mawe, 1823),Drymaeus interpunctus(E. von Martens, 1887),Limacus flavus(Linnaeus, 1758),Meghimatium pictum(Stoliczka, 1873),Cornu aspersum(O. F. Müller, 1774),Vaginulus taunaisii(Férussac, 1821),Ovachlamys fulgens(Gude, 1900), andBulimulus tenuissimus(Férussac, 1832). In total, 166 observations were deemed of interest to our purposes (e.g., rare species, range extensions, ecological interactions), totalling 46 identified species and 16 observations identified at genus level. Among the selected observations, we found pictures of live specimens of species that were previously known only from their shells, such asMegalobulimus pergranulatus(Pilsbry, 1901), bringing to light their appearances in life. Two potentially new species belonging to the generaPlekocheilusGuilding, 1827 andMegalobulimusK. Miller, 1878 were revealed. Additionally, we found records of living individuals of two species that were previously presumed to be possibly extinct,Leiostracus carnavalescusSimone & Salvador, 2016, andGonyostomus egregius(Pfeiffer, 1845). We take the opportunity to discuss individual records of interest, evaluate the quality of the data and possible improvements, as well the potential and implications of the use of the iNaturalist platform for research in Brazil and other tropical countries. While iNaturalist has its limitations, it holds great potential to help document biodiversity in the tropics.
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in water buffaloes from the Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Javed Salma , McClure JoAnn , Syed Muhammad Ali , Obasuyi Osahon , Ali Shahzad , Tabassum Sadia , Ejaz Mohammad , Zhang Kunyan
Published: May 2022

Buffalo represent a major source of milk in Pakistan. However, production is impacted by the disease bovine mastitis. Mastitis causes significant economic losses, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being one of its major causative agents. While much work has been done understanding the epidemiology of bovine mastitis in Pakistan, detailed molecular characterization of the associated S. aureus is unavailable. In the current study both the epidemiological and molecular characterization of S. aureus from bovine mastitis in the Hazara division of Pakistan are examined. S. aureus was isolated from 18.41% of the animals, and left quarters more prone to infection (69.6%) than right quarters (30.4%). Sub-clinical mastitis (75.31%) was more prevalent than clinical mastitis (24.69%), with infections evenly distributed amongst the eight districts. Molecular characterization revealed that only 19.6% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant, and four strains types identified, including ST9-t7867-MSSA, ST9-MSSA, ST101-t2078-MSSA, and ST22-t8934-MRSA-IVa. Antiseptic resistance genes were not detected in the isolates, and low levels of antibiotic resistance were also noted, however the methicillin-resistant strains had higher overall antibiotic resistance. This study represents the most complete molecular typing data for S. aureus causing bovine mastitis in the Hazara district of Pakistan, and the country as a whole.
Type I interferon regulates proteolysis by macrophages to prevent immunopathology following viral infection
Authors: Lee Amanda J. , Feng Emily , Chew Marianne V. , Balint Elizabeth , Poznanski Sophie M. , Giles Elizabeth , Zhang Ali , Marzok Art , Revill Spencer D. , Vahedi Fatemeh , Dubey Anisha , Ayaub Ehab , Jimenez-Saiz Rodrigo , McGrath Joshua J. C. , Ritchie Tyrah M. , Jordana Manel , Jonigk Danny D. , Ackermann Maximilian , Ask Kjetil , Miller Matthew , Richards Carl D. , Ashkar Ali A.
Published: May 2022

The ability to treat severe viral infections is limited by our understanding of the mechanisms behind virus-induced immunopathology. While the role of type I interferons (IFNs) in early control of viral replication is clear, less is known about how IFNs can regulate the development of immunopathology and affect disease outcomes. Here, we report that absence of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) is associated with extensive immunopathology following mucosal viral infection. This pathology occurred independent of viral load or type II immunity but required the presence of macrophages and IL-6. The depletion of macrophages and inhibition of IL-6 signaling significantly abrogated immunopathology. Tissue destruction was mediated by macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as MMP inhibition by doxycycline and Ro 28–2653 reduced the severity of tissue pathology. Analysis of post-mortem COVID-19 patient lungs also displayed significant upregulation of the expression of MMPs and accumulation of macrophages. Overall, we demonstrate that IFNs inhibit macrophage-mediated MMP production to prevent virus-induced immunopathology and uncover MMPs as a therapeutic target towards viral infections.
Summoners’ Rift: Transmedia intertextuality in League of Legends esports fan discourse
Authors: Enverga Manuel R.
Published: May 2022

This article examines fan articulations in response to a Facebook post announcing the results of the final match between G2 Esports and Fun Plus Phoenix (FPX) during the 2019 League of Legends World Championships. Five themes emerged after analysing the data, which are: (1) expressions of congratulations to FPX, the team that won the championship; (2) references to SK Telecom T1, a Korean team that has won the most titles in LoL World Championship history; (3) negative articulations towards G2, implying that they are a bad team; (4) statements discussing tactics and gameplay during the match; and (5) articulations that G2 deserved to lose because of their trash talking against their competitors on social media. This article argues that LoL fans’ comments drew on players’ knowledge of the game, and the fandom’s mediascape, thereby demonstrating the dynamics of transmedia intertextuality within their community. Fan articulations on G2’s poor performance, as well as the tactics and gameplay used by both teams during the finals, were informed by players’ knowledge of how to succeed in LoL. On the contrary, comments that articulated that G2 deserved to lose indicated fans’ familiarity with the Twitter trash talk that took place prior to the final matches. In this case study, LoL fans’ comments exemplify transmedia, with statements about the 2019 World Championship Finals drawing on knowledge from other media.
‘I love this, I wish I could make this’: Talking digital adventure games with Mark Yohalem
Authors: Klaehn Jeffery
Published: May 2022

A conversation with attorney and game developer Mark Yohalem about his passion for point-and-click adventure games, and how his experiences as a player and fan inspired him to pursue game writing, to co-found Wormwood Studios (with artist Victor Pflug and programmer James Spanos) and, in 2010, to develop Primordia, a classical point-and-click adventure game that has sold roughly a quarter-million copies. Additional topics discussed include the potential of digital games to encourage empathy and connection; gaming fan communities; suitability of games for storytelling; gaming journalism, reviews and analysis; and games and creative work in relation to connection, participation and engagement.
June Mathis: The master class
Authors: Wilson Leslie Kreiner
Published: May 2022

This article examines June Mathis’s skill as a screenwriter with two case studies: adaptations of Vicente Blasco Ibáñez’s Blood and Sand and The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. In addition to her skill in collaboration, adaptation, constructing compelling melodrama and progressive casting, Mathis also excelled at several screenwriting techniques. Indeed, an analysis of these two scripts – against the novels from which they were adapted – offers a kind of master class in the art of constructing a compelling universal theme that appeals to a mass audience in popular culture; introducing the protagonist in an intriguing manner that communicates with the audience via subtext; selecting an appropriate point of attack to launch the story; creating a likable hero with a satisfying arc; streamlining the plot; and constructing an emotionally impactful closing image that underscores the theme. In both films, Mathis used these techniques to craft a powerful polemic against violence in all its forms. Thus, she did indeed consider social change on a global scale contrary to the criticism that has been levelled against her and other women writers working in early Hollywood.
Script Development: Critical Approaches, Creative Practices, International Perspectives, Craig Batty and Stayci Taylor (eds) (2021)
Authors: Carter Tom
Published: May 2022

Review of: Script Development: Critical Approaches, Creative Practices, International Perspectives, Craig Batty and Stayci Taylor (eds) (2021)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 296 pp.,

ISBN: 978-3-030-48712-6, h/bk, $119.99,

ISBN: 978-3-030-48715-7, p/bk, $84.99
Mpemba effect - the effect of time
Authors: Wang Jian’an
Published: May 2022

By analyzing the relation between time and speed, the relation between time and gravitational field, the gravitational redshift of photon and the black-body radiation theorem, the conclusion that time on an object is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the object is obtained. Applying the above conclusion about the nature of time, the author analyzes the Mpemba effect and the inverse Mpemba effect, and reaches the following conclusion: the Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from objects into space, and the “inverse” Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from space into objects.
Aderência de interface de revestimentos asfálticos reforçados com geossintéticos e diferentes taxas de emulsão
Authors: Genaro Urquiza Júnior Gustavo , Pena da Silva e Silva Matheus , De Souza Correia Natália
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa avaliou, por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento tipo Leutner, o comportamento de aderência de revestimentos asfálticos reforçados com geossintéticos, avaliando diferentes taxas de emulsão e a relação dos resultados de cisalhamento com as propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos geossintéticos presentes na interface. Para tanto, corpos-de-prova foram extraídos de seções experimentais de campo, onde foram aplicadas 4 taxas de emulsão asfáltica de ruptura rápida (RR-2C) e 3 geocompostos de reforço (PET, PVA e Fibra de vidro). Os resultados mostraram que houve melhor desempenho de resistência ao cisalhamento e módulo de rigidez de interface quanto maior a taxa de emulsão aplicada para todos os geocompostos. Este aumento foi de 129 %, 73% e 146% para interface com geocompostos de reforço de PET, PVA e fibra de vidro, respectivamente. A capacidade de retenção de asfalto dos geossintéticos não esteve relacionada à máxima aderência de interface, uma vez que taxas mais altas foram usadas. As propriedades físicas dos geossintéticos apresentaram influência sobre os resultados de aderência, com destaque para espessura, massa por unidade de área e abertura de malha das geogrelhas presente no geocompostos. Geossintéticos mais rígidos não levaram à maiores valores de aderência de interface, enquanto levaram a um maior módulo de rigidez de interface. A influência do aumento da taxa de ligante foi maior do que a influência das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos geossintéticos.
How much will be gained and how much will be lost with thispolicy? e importance of examining asymmetry of results
Authors: Abel Ivarola Leonardo
Published: May 2022

Cartwright and Hardie (2012) claim that for a policy to work here two types of searches must be carried out: one concerning the causal principle or policy variable (vertical search) and the other concerning the factors that support such principle (horizontal search). However, they leave aside the fact that, during the implementation, a policy may deviate from its expected course. In the best of cases, these deviations make the policy to end up failing. But in other situations, such deviations may have highly damaging effects. In the present paper it is argued that, at least in the socioeconomic realm, these deviations may be more common than thought. As a consequence, it is argued that a policy maker should examine the degree of asymmetry of results –that is, how much would be gained and how much would be lost if the policy were implemented. It will be shown that, insofar as this asymmetry is more pronounced, the horizontal and vertical search becomes less relevant for a policy maker's decision.
Esperanza de vida e inicio de la etapa de adulto mayor
Authors: Rueda Hernández Lyda Victoria
Published: May 2022

En la actualidad, la población sobrepasa las barreras cronológicas que el hombre ha delimitado como etapa de vejez, y la población adulta mayor está en aumento por lo tanto, el envejecimiento poblacional se ha convertido en un reto para las sociedades modernas y los gobiernos, a causa de no contar con políticas públicas que garanticen años de vida saludables sobre el crecimiento de la media de esperanza de vida a la que esta llegando la población en la actualidad; por lo tanto es importante caracterizar la expectativa de vida en países de Europa y Sur América en relación con el inicio de la etapa del adulto mayor, como determinantes de políticas públicas en salud.
Trends in HIV Infection Incidence in a Mostly Mining Population
Authors: San Martín Roldán David , Correa Rodríguez Paola Cecilia , López Labarca Claudio , San Martín Roldán Pablo , Calzadilla Núñez Aracelis , Cuello-Pérez Margarett , Díaz Narváez Víctor Patricio
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine the trends in the incidence of HIV infection in the Atacama re-gion, Chile, according to age and sex, for the 2010-2017 period. Material and Methods: Analysis from the database of confirmed HIV-positive diagnosis cases. HIV incidence rates were made up from confirmed HIV cases adjusted by year, age, and sex, with population denominators from the INE. General and specific trend analysis was performed using regression equations. Results: The groups with the highest incidence of HIV infection were: 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years. The analysis of the curve and its general trend showed that the growth curve of the 20-29 years group is the strongest. Adjusting for sex, it was observed that, in men, the 20-29 years group has the strongest growth and growth forecast of all groups, followed by men aged 50-59 years. In the case of women, the 50-59 and 60-69 age groups are the fastest growing, however, it is a slower growth in relation to the men’s group. Conclusions: Chile has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. We esti-mate that the most incidental groups are linked to the mining population, which denotes the importance of the relationship between mining activity and the high incidence of HIVinfection. The results suggest the need for prevention and early detection of the sources of HIV infection and the need to adapt strategies in this population. It is necessary to close the gap of HIV-positive people who do not know their health status, in order to stop the spread of HIV among miners and in the communities surrounding the mining industry.
Prevalencia y factores asociados con los resultados espirométricos en trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas
Authors: González-Ruiz Gisela , Pertuz-Meza Yolima , Peralta-González Adriana , Peralta-González Orlando , Granados Cayón Tais Estervis , Peralta-González Gisela
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con los patrones espirométricos de trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, diseño no experimental, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en una muestra censal de 515 trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas laborales. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante pruebas espirométricas con equipos Spirolab III, previamente calibrado y siguiendo el protocolo convencional. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS.25 utilizando medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión e índice de correlación de Pearson, para muestras paramétricas. Se respetaron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. Resultados: La prevalencia de alteraciones crónicas compatible con patrón obstructivo fue de 7,60% y restrictivo de 1,00%. Los factores con asociación positiva fueron la edad, el sexo, la exposición a sustancias químicas y el hábito de fumar. Conclusiones: Se encontró menor prevalencia que la descrita en otros estudios, además se identificó asociación con factores sociodemográficos, hábitos y laborales.
Caries radicular: actualización sobre una patología de creciente interés
Authors: Usuga-Vacca interestMargarita , Fonseca-Benítez Angela V. , Castellanos Jaime Eduardo , Martignon Stefania
Published: May 2022

La caries radicular es un proceso dinámico de destrucción localizada de las superficies radiculares, dependiente de biopelícula. Esta patología afecta principalmente a la población adulta mayor con superficies radiculares expuestas y altera su calidad de vida. Las vulnerabilidades y multimorbilidades, frecuentes en este grupo de edad, limitan el autocuidado oral y son criterios a considerar en la comprensión y manejo de la patología. El diagnóstico de las lesiones de caries radicular implica conocimiento sobre la estructura radicular sana, los factores indicadores o de riesgo, los mecanismos de desarrollo de las lesiones y, los criterios para su detección y valoración. La elección correcta de opciones de manejo del riesgo y de las lesiones, que preserven la estructura, evidencia la comprensión de la caries radicular. La caries radicular plantea un desafío para la academia, los sistemas de salud, la práctica dental y la población, debido a que sus indicadores están aumentando en relación con el envejecimiento poblacional y la mayor conservación de dientes naturales. El propósito de esta revisión de tema fue presentar el estado del entendimiento actual de caries radicular. Se incluyeron 81 artículos publicados entre 1971 y 2021, sobre embriogénesis de la raíz; prevalencia, etiopatogenia; características de las lesiones; diagnóstico y propuestas de manejo a nivel del riesgo individual y de las lesiones. Esta actualización es pertinente por el reto que conlleva la presencia cada vez mayor de esta patología, junto con sus consecuencias. El planteamiento de su estado del arte sugiere áreas de investigación.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A) en estudiantes de enfermería: un análisis preliminar
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Campos-Uscanga Yolanda
Published: May 2022

Objetivo Explorar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A) en estudiantes mexicanos del pregrado de enfermería. Materiales y Método Se realizó un estudio instrumental, orientado a la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas, validez y fiabilidad, de la BIEPS-A. Participaron 228 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de una universidad pública de Oaxaca, México. Fue ejecutado un análisis factorial confirmatorio con el programa EQS 6.2, usando el método de máxima verosimilitud robusto. El modelo oblicuo fue evaluado en función de los índices de ajuste y se consideró la validez interna convergente y discriminante. La fiabilidad del constructo fue estimada con los coeficientes ? y H. Resultados Tras la eliminación de dos ítems por baja carga factorial, la estructura interna del BIEPS-A obtuvo un ajuste adecuado. La mayoría de los factores evidencian una varianza extraída promedio destacada (> 0,50), así como una correcta discriminación entre factores lo que permite la interpretación independiente de cada factor. En lo que respecta a la fiabilidad del constructo los cuatro factores obtuvieron magnitudes aceptables (> 0,70), y los dos últimos elevadas (> 0,80). Conclusiones La BIEPS-A presenta características psicométricas adecuadas, y podría ser incorporada en evaluaciones masivas llevadas a cabo en estudiante, y así valorar el grado de bienestar autorreportado.
Systematic Review for Tolerance Character by Integrating Mobile Device
Authors: Hidayat Mupid , Shodiq Sadam Fajar , Budimansyah Dasim , Suresman Edi , Makrufi Anisa Dwi
Published: May 2022

The use of mobile learning in education has increased. In order to understand how to use mobile learning, it is necessary to have a common overview of the research carried out. This systematic review has determined the trend (especially tolerance) of using smartphone apps to learn characters through comprehensive analysis and comprehensive research since 2012. The method used is the random journal Scopus search engine to identify publications related to character learning. The study also uses a data visualization software called VoS Viewer to analyze the results of the underlying network relationships and information. The production trend of character formation. The results showed that only a small portion of personality formation research uses smartphone apps for research. Journal professionals publish less research than interdisciplinary scientific and technical journals. Between scholars and character education researchers to study more closely how their research helps to understand character education issues. As the use of mobile learning continues to grow, more research on the use of mobile technology in all fields and levels of character education will help educators improve their skills in using the technology.
The Use of Moral Dillematic Animation Story in Moral Cognitive Learning
Authors: Faiz Aiman , Hakam Kama Abdul , Nurihsan Juntika , Komalasari Kokom
Published: May 2022

The use of technology-based learning media provides a challenge for students to be able to solve various learning materials and improve their thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the increase in moral judgment through moral dilemma stories in the form of animations used in moral cognitive learning. This study uses quantitative to measure students' level of understanding related to narrative texts before being tested on students and qualitatively to explore moral considerations in 50 students. The results showed that the results of the gap test using the Close Test Procedure theory were above 60%, which means that the reader is at the independent/free level. While the results of using animated stories of moral dilemmas require an increase which is explained in the moral considerations table before using animated stories and after using animated stories. The other supporting factors that emerged in the study were the incorporation of the results of thinking, past experiences, finding new problems, and adjusting moral considerations from the results of thinking. It can be concluded that the existence of narration and animation (visual) can be better understood by students in making moral decisions, animation is one of the right media solutions in conveying moral cognitive learning content that has not been encountered in basic education in Indonesia.
Verification of surface electromyographic activity of the oblique externus abdominis using ultrasound shear wave elastography
Authors: Chino Kentaro , Ando Ryosuke , Suzuki Yasuhiro
Published: May 2022

This study used ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to revalidate whether surface electromyographic (EMG) electrodes placed on the oblique externus abdominis (OE) can detect only the OE activity without the confounding activity of the underlying oblique internus abdominis (OI). During left and right trunk rotations, the EMG activity was acquired using surface EMG electrodes placed on the right OE. Shear wave velocity (Vs) values of the right OE and OI were acquired using SWE. The EMG activity during the left and right trunk rotations significantly increased as the level of exertion increased (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the one‐repetition maximum [1RM]). The Vs of the right OE was significantly different only between 25% and 75% 1RM in the right trunk rotation, but significantly increased from 25% to 75% 1RM during the left trunk rotation. The Vs of the right OI during the right trunk rotation significantly increased with increased levels of exertion, except between 50% and 75% 1RM. The results for the Vs of the OE and OI in the right trunk rotation suggest that surface EMG electrodes placed on the OE would detect not only the antagonistic OE activity but also the agonistic OI activity.
A circular monopole antenna with uniquely packed quad T-shaped strips for WLAN/WiMAX application
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Sinha Rashmi , Choubey Arvind , Mahto Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a circular monopole antenna with uniquely packed quad T-shaped strips etched on FR4 epoxy substrate having material permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and thickness 1.6 mm. The 3.5 GHz band is achieved through this arrangement, which has return loss less than −10 dB while maintaining VSWR <2. It provides a peak gain of 2.65 dBi at 3.5 GHz and average gain of 2.52 dBi in the entire operating frequency band. The radiation pattern is almost omnidirectional in E plane and bidirectional in H plane. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 41.25 mm × 30.55 mm. The simulated results of S11 parameters, gain, VSWR, radiation pattern, and efficiency are studied and verified with the measured results of fabricated antenna as well as its equivalent lumped circuit model. Investigation shows that the proposed antenna can be employed for WLAN/WiMAX applications efficiently.
Mapping paddy rice and rice phenology with Sentinel-1 SAR time series using a unified dynamic programming framework
Authors: Wang Mo , Wang Jing , Chen Li , Du Zhigang
Published: May 2022

Monitoring rice planting areas and their phenological phases is crucial for yield estimation and informed decision-making. This study proposed a unified method for mapping rice field and rice phenology with a dynamic time wrapping (DTW) distance-based classifier and its variant sub-DTW algorithm using Sentinel-1’s synthetic aperture radar (SAR) VH band. Field samplings were conducted for broad landcover types in one of the areas of interest (AOIs). We implemented a pixel-wisek-nearest neighbor classification model with DTW distance to identify paddy rice pixels. Standard rice phenological profiles of the SAR VH band were defined by ground monitoring of a sample rice field. Based on rice planting maps and the standard phenological profiles, rice phenological phases were estimated by pattern matching strategy with the sub-DTW algorithm. Experiments on six counties in Northeast China presented promising results. The overall producer and user accuracy reached 92.9 and 91.9% for rice mapping, respectively. The mean root mean square error (RMSE) for phenology estimation was 3.5 days. Rice planting and rice phenology maps were generated for the six AOIs. The phenological variances of the AOIs implied the effects of climate and rice cultivars on phenological development.
Convergence of 𝑇 means with respect to Vilenkin systems of integrable functions
Authors: Baramidze Davit , Gogolashvili Nata , Nadirashvili Nato
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we derive the convergence of 𝑇 means of Vilenkin–Fourier series with monotone coefficients of integrable functions in Lebesgue and Vilenkin–Lebesgue points.
Moreover, we discuss the pointwise and norm convergence in

L
p

L_{p}

norms of such 𝑇 means.
Experimental study and three-dimensional modeling of moisture transport in wood by means of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with a heat and mass transfer simulation method
Authors: Ma Te , Morita Genki , Inagaki Tetsuya , Tsuchikawa Satoru
Published: May 2022

Substantial efforts have been undertaken for visualizing and simulating the characteristics of water movement in wood. However, three-dimensional (3D) thermo-hygric simulations still pose challenges, not only because wood has a heterogeneous microstructure that results in complex computational models but also because there is a lack of proper experimental techniques to support and validate the model constructions. In this study, the moisture distribution in wood during the water adsorption and desorption processes was first visualized using a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR–HSI) method that has high resolution, sensibility, and stability. Then, based on the moisture visualization results, the main parameters of a mass transfer simulation code were varied. The visualization and simulation results were confirmed to match well with the main characteristics; e.g., drying speed was slower in the wood parts with higher densities. Additionally, there was a relatively large gradient over the surface layer of the wood samples as the drying progressed, whereas this was not an obvious feature in the water adsorption process. Hence, this study proposes that the NIR–HSI method can be combined with thermo-hygric and 3D simulation model construction. Such an approach provides the basis for optimizing drying conditions and providing high-quality wood products.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of an efficient multi-orifice-impinging transverse (MOIT) jet mixer
Authors: Zhenya Duan , Tailong Liu , Wenchen Li , Hongyan Zhai , Junmei Zhang , Longlong Lin , Jingtao Wang
Published: May 2022

In order to accomplish efficient mixing of liquids with large differences in flow rates, an efficient multi-orifice impinging transverse (MOIT) jet mixer is used in this paper. Its structure combines a conventional MOIT jet mixer with a venturi jet mixer to improve the mixing efficiency of the MOIT jet mixer. The flow characteristics and mixing effects inside the conventional and efficient jet mixer are numerically simulated by means of a Multiphase Models. Based on building the experimental platform, the maximum error between the simulation results and the experimental results obtained with the high-speed camera is 8.42%, which verifies that the model and simulation method applies to the simulation of the mixer. In addition, the paper uses MATLAB software to obtain the interphase contact area at the transverse orifice section and verifies that the contact area at the transverse orifice section affects the mixing effect of the mixer. The droplet size distribution was also analyzed by the CFD-PBM model. The results show that the efficient MOIT jet mixer has better mixing efficiency and mixing effect, and the optimal values of the number of orifices and main fluid flow rate of the jet mixer exist. In addition, the mixing effect of the mixer showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the orifice size. The results of this paper complete the optimization of the parameters of the MOIT jet mixer, facilitating its industrial application. And combining two different mixers to create a novel jet mixer, which provides a direction for the development of new jet mixers and helps to promote the development of the fine chemical industry.
Combination of three global Moho density contrast models by a weighted least-squares procedure
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. , Abrehdary Majid
Published: May 2022

Due to different structures of the Earth’s crust and mantle, there is a significant density contrast at their boundary, the Moho Density Contrast (or shortly MDC). Frequently one assumes that the MDC is about 600 kg/m3, but seismic and gravimetric data show a considerable variation from region to region, and today there are few such studies, and global models are utterly rare.

This research determines a new global model, called MDC21, which is a weighted least-squares combination of three available MDC models, pixel by pixel at a resolution of 1° × 1°. For proper weighting among the models, the study starts by estimating lacking standard errors and (frequently high) correlations among them.

The numerical investigation shows that MDC21 varies from 21 to 504 kg/m3 in ocean areas and ranges from 132 to 629 kg/m3 in continental regions. The global average is 335 kg/m3. The standard errors estimated in ocean regions are mostly less than 40 kg/m3, while for continental regions it grows to 80 kg/m3. Most standard errors are small, but they reach to notable values in some specific regions. The estimated MDCs (as well as Moho depths) at mid-ocean ridges are small but show significant variations and qualities.
When subjects frame the clause: discontinuous noun phrases as an iconic strategy for marking thetic constructions
Authors: Schultze-Berndt Eva
Published: May 2022

This article builds on observations from several research areas which hitherto have been pursued relatively independently of one another, to argue that discontinuous nominal expressions are one of the attested strategies for marking a subtype of sentence focus constructions known as thetic constructions. This analysis can be applied to the type of discontinuity termed extraposition from subject NP/DP in languages with otherwise strongly configurational nominal expressions such as English. For these constructions, however, it cannot be ruled out that weight/length is an alternative or additional motivation. Evidence from several Australian languages, where discontinuous subjects usually just involve a semantic head and a modifier, can be used to show that this strategy is attested even where weight is not a plausible factor. Like other construction types that are associated with theticity crosslinguistically, discontinuous nominal expressions are saliently distinct from topic-comment (“categorical”) constructions and thus obey the principle of detopicalization identified by Lambrecht, Knud. 2000. When subjects behave like objects: An analysis of the merging of S and O in sentence-focus constructions across languages.Studies in Language24(3). 611–682. The findings support the hypothesis that the principle of iconicity of distance, which ensures contiguity of the subconstituents of a phrase under most circumstances, will only be overridden if another principle motivates this violation. Such competing principles include highlighting a contrastive modifier and the distribution of weight, both discussed in previous literature. Here it will be argued that detopicalization can be added to this list since discontinuity prevents the assignment of topic status to the subject expression. Moreover, a construction where a discontinuous subject frames the entire clause is itself iconically motivated by the principle of informational integration which results in the unitary, non-bipartite nature of the construction generally associated with theticity.
Sowjetische Evakuierung und deutscher Rückzug – Evakuierungserfahrungen der Charkiver Bevölkerung im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Eckl Laura
Published: May 2022

Die Stadt Charkiv war zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkriegs ein wichtiger Ballungsraum der sowjetischen Rüstungs‑ und Metallindustrie im Nordosten der Ukrainischen Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik. Nach dem Angriff der Wehrmacht auf die Sowjetunion am 22. Juni 1941 entwickelte sich die Stadt aufgrund ihrer kriegswichtigen Ressourcen zu einem intensiv umkämpften Standort, der in ständiger Frontnähe mehrmals evakuiert wurde. Dieser Beitrag untersucht zwei der insgesamt vier Evakuierungen bzw. Räumungen der Stadt – zum einen die sowjetische Evakuierungspolitik im Herbst 1941 vor Beginn der deutschen Besatzung und zum anderen die deutsche Räumung im Januar/Februar 1943 vor der kurzzeitigen Rückereroberung durch die Rote Armee. Im Mittelpunkt steht, wie die Charkiver Bevölkerung diese zwei Phasen erlebte, sie sich als Alltagserfahrungen aneignete und in Teilen in Beziehung zueinander setzte. Eine zentrale These des Beitrags ist, dass sich Evakuierungs‑ und Rückzugspraktiken während des Zweiten Weltkriegs inhärent in (Vor‑)Kriegs‑ und Besatzungspraktiken einfügten, sodass auch Evakuierungserfahrungen und Aneignungsprozesse der Bevölkerung untrennbar mit (Vor‑)Kriegs‑ und Besatzungsalltag verknüpft waren.
»Evakuierende« und »Evakuierte«
Authors: Spohr Johannes
Published: May 2022

Die mobilen Formationen der ukrainischen Hilfspolizei, genannt Schutzmannschaften (kurz Schuma), wurden bereits 1941 nach dem Einmarsch deutscher Truppen in die Ukrainische SSR gebildet. Im Kontext der Kriegswende, die sich im in dieser Studie untersuchten, zivil verwalteten »Generalbezirk Shitomir« ab 1943 immer stärker wahrnehmbar machte, und des Rückzugs der Wehrmacht durch diese Gebiete änderten sich die Aufgaben, die den Schutzmannschaften seitens der Besatzer zugeordnet wurden. Vor allem nahmen Einsätze im Partisanenkampf stark zu, der häufig auch Terror gegen die Zivilbevölkerung beinhaltete. Gleichzeitig schlug sich der allgemeine Trend einer Re-Sowjetisierung bei den Angehörigen der Hilfspolizei nieder, etwa in Form von Meutereien. Sie wurden gleichsam zu Evakuierten wie auch zu Evakuierenden und nahmen teils widersprüchliche Rollen ein, um ihre Überlebenschancen zu erhöhen.