bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Pop-up Book on the Role of Buffer in the Living Body
Authors: Sari Sri Adelila
Published: July 2017

The aims of this research were to: (i) develop a pop-up book on the role of buffer in the living body for senior high school, and (ii) describe the response of learners and teachers to the developed pop-up book. The method of research was a Research and Development (R - D) with a model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Phase of analysis was done by interviewed the teacher and distributed questionnaires to the needs analysis to 26 learners of senior high school, named SMAN 3 Banda Aceh. The design phase included the activities of the material formulation, the determination of media design (theme, colors and images) and manufactured of blueprints pop-up book that would be validated. The development phase was done by manufactured of pop-up book as designed and carried out feedback from the expert validators. At the implementation stage, the learning process was conducted using the developed pop-up book to study the response of learners and teachers on the book. In the evaluation phase, the successfulness of development of a pop-up book using ADDIE models was determined. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment of pop-up book, the responses of learners and teachers noted that pop-up book has been successfully developed with the average percentage of 94.047 percent and the feasibility of obtaining the category of very decent. The percentage of response’ learners reached 92 percent and the percentage of chemistry teacher's response was found to be 80 percent. Obtaining this percentage was in excellent condition, so that it could be said that the students and the teacher to respond strongly agreed that the developed pop-up book could be accepted as an alternative medium of learning the material role of buffer solution in the living body.
Comprehensive and Multidimensional Model: Life Therapy and Spiritual Psychotherapy for Prevention and Treatment of Addiction
Authors: Mohammadi M.D. Mohammad Reza , Mahmoodabadi Msc. Soghra Zabihi
Published: July 2017

Individual, familial, social, economic, political, existential and spiritual factors all influence substance use. Lifestyle, quality of life, parenting style and parents’ personality disorders and mental health problems, social capital, poverty and the largest globe businesses of illegal-drugs in the world have also share a significant effect on the addiction. One should consider all of those factors in order to efficiently prevention and treatment of the addiction. Each factor should be considered in the treatment and interventions.
Patriarchy and Gender-Based Violence in Pakistan
Authors: Hadi Abdul
Published: July 2017

Patriarchal values are embedded in Pakistani society which determines the subordinated position of women.
Patriarchal control over women is exercised through institutionalized restrictive codes of behavior, gender
segregation and the ideology which associates family honor to female virtue. The abnormal, amoral, and harmful
customary practices which aim at preserving subjugation of women, defended and sanctified as cultural
traditions and given religious overtones. Abnormal and amoral traditional practices in Pakistan include honor
killing, rape and sexual assault, sexual harassment, acid attacks, being burned, kidnapping, domestic violence,
dowry murder, and forces marriages, custodial abuse and torture. According to a 2011 poll of experts by the
Thomson Reuters Foundation Poll, Pakistan is ranked the 3rd the most dangerous country for women in the
world. This paper aims to highlight the sufferings of women in Pakistan and consider that in patriarchal societies
violence has been used as a social mechanism to perpetuate the subjugation of women. Patriarchal system
necessitates the violence for the sake of its existence. With the help of existing data, the gender-based violence
in Pakistan has been analyzed. This paper concludes that all forms of gender-based violence are committed to
ensure the compliance of women. In order to eliminate violence against women, patriarchal system has to be
changed which can be achieved by strengthening the social, political and economic position of women.
Developing Module for Ethnic Interaction in Secondary School in Malaysia
Authors: Dawi Amir Hasan , Hamzah Mahizer , Noh Noraini Mohamed
Published: July 2017

This paper is on developing the module for interethnic interaction in Malaysian secondary schools. The research found that students in Malaysian secondary schools have some difficulties to interact with other students from different ethnic groups. This mainly because they had attended different types of schools and culture in primary level. The formal education has separated them by the type of schools. They also practice daily activities within their own culture. Both factors have formed and strengthened their habitus of ethnicity. Hence there is a need to overcome the interethnic interaction issue in secondary schools. A research was carried out to identify the important aspects of Malaysia culture that should be understood by all students. Interview and observation were carried out to gain data from participants. The interaction module was designed accordingly with the themes. The presentation will conclude the themes that considered to be covered in the module.
Entrepreneurial Culture and Financial Education Between Students of the Veracruzana University, Veracruz Region
Authors: Betancourt Ignacio Ortiz
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurial culture and financial education stand out as two fundamental issues on the international agenda, since these elements are considered in favor of the efficient use of financial resources, as well as the identification of opportunities for the development of self-employment projects, contributing to local economic growth.According to the National Commission for the Protection and Defense of Financial Services Users (CONDUSEF, 2012), financial education can be defined as the set of actions that imply learning to manage money better, being foresighted, consuming in a rational way, And learn to invest, know how to take care of your assets and use financial products and services with responsibility.Similarly, Smyth (2011) points out that financial education is the process by which consumers improve the understanding of financial products and acquire a greater understanding of financial risks and market opportunities, by making economic decisions with Information. In addition, he points out that an important part of our decisions is associated with financial behavior, which directly impacts his personal and family environment, from the search for funding for studies to planning for retirement. Thus, having an adequate financial education will favor an intelligent selection of financial products, based on well-informed decisions.
The Impact of Media in the Socialization Process in Albania
Authors: Lila Bukurie
Published: July 2017

Media is one of the main agents of socialization that affects youth the most. Young adults are majority time are surrounded by the media, which brings me to my main question, "How is Mass Media Affecting Socialization in Children and Young Adults in Albania?" To understand this question one must know and understand what socialization is. The socialization process is a very dramatic impact on a child's life. Socialization is a "Continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position". Mass media has enormous effects on our attitudes and behavior which makes it an important contributor to the socialization process. in some ways mass media can serve as a positive function. It helps there to be more diversity, we can learn more about things that are going on in different countries. It can help you learn new things you did not know. Sadly Media can serve as a negative function in young people life. Young people want to be accepted by society and the media creates the ideal image that tells you what the characteristics are to be accepted and to be able to fit in with society. They show what you should look like, how you can look like this, and where to go to buy these things that will make you look right. This is why many young women deal with anorexia because they want to look like the ideal type that the media displays. Media also influences young people to misbehave. Media shows that being deviant makes you cool and look tough and that it's okay to do deviant things. Statistics show that when young people watch violence on television it increases their appetites to become involved in violence. It opens their minds to violence and makes them aware of crimes and people acting deviant. Many people think that the media does not play a role in the socialization process as much as family, peers and education. But in fact the media plays a strong role in the socialization process. The aim of this study is to see the positive and negative effects that the Albanian media plays in the socialization process in Albania.
Towards Establishing Financial and Budget Indicators for Municipalities: Theoretical Approach
Authors: Sejdini Mirjana
Published: July 2017

Currently, one of the main problems that municipalities and other stakeholders face is having some objective indicators related to the finances and particularly the budget of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia. Considering the nature of local government finances of the municipalities and consulting various previous studies carried in similar countries like Macedonia, it is possible to generate some representative financial or budget indicators that could apply to municipalities in the country. These indicators would serve as the basis on which municipalities could be ranked within a year or through various years dependent on the availability of the data aiming at analyzing their relative performance and positioning. This paper aims at consulting the literature about generating these indicators and analyzing their applicability in the case of municipalities in Macedonia. The output of this study is a set of financial or budget indicators related to revenues and expenditures in municipalities of Macedonia. Definitely, this is a pioneering study for the country and the region. It would contribute to the existing research about evaluating the financial relative performance and financial conditions of municipalities not only in Macedonia, but also in the region.
Nationalism in Multi-Religious Nations: the Albanian and the United States Case
Authors: Shqerra Nereida
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to demonstrate that a nation can be created even if its members belong to different religious beliefs. The common religion is a component of nationalism. It plays a role in the consolidation of the shared identity of the members of its nation, so, in the consolidation of the nation itself. Many (or more or less all) nation states have no more than one religion which has supported the consolidation of their national identity. In fact there are few cases in which the members of a nation belong to diverse religious beliefs and almost no study has been focused on this subject. This essay is focused in the formation of the Albanian nation whose members belong to diverse religious beliefs. It studies the way in which Albanian nation took shape even though its members belonged to diverse religious beliefs. There were two ways which brought to the complete consolidation of the Albanian nation. The first one was the negligence toward different religious beliefs that Albanian patriots embodied to the members of their nation, and the second is the role its elites and the state played in the consolidation of the Albanian nation. The conclusions drawn from this case study are that the formation of Albanian nation required negligence toward different existing religious beliefs as well as their self-government in order to make them really Albanian. In other words, the consolidation of the Albanian nation was achieved because Albanians placed nationalism beyond religious beliefs and feelings. The Albanian case is supported by scholars' conclusions about the American nation –which is made of members belonging to different religions- who consider nationalism in the United States as "the most powerful religion in the United States" [Marvin C. - Ingle D. 1996]; a sentence perfectly suited for Albanian nationalism.
International Trade of Albania. Gravity Model
Authors: Sejdini Abdulmenaf , Kraja Ilirjana
Published: July 2017

Today we live in a world where such economic globalization and technological developments have created many advantages but also shortcomings regarding social and economic development of different countries of the world. Since the beginning of the transition until the trade regime now, our country has undergone profound changes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to see the major development steps of international trade in Albania over the years and look at the key factors that have contributed to it. The paper provides some theoretical and empirical considerations regarding trade development with the focus on export-imports in our country in relation to the Free Trade Agreements, as these have affected Albania's international trade. Specifically, it offers an application of the Gravity Model of Trade for Albanian case in relation to its 27 export/import countries. The findings from the model application result in stable trade flows for Albania.
TRANSITION ECONOMY IN KOSOVO AFTER THE WAR
Authors: Zogu Nevruz , Nimani Artan , Rezniqi Shpetim
Published: July 2017

This article analyses the development and consolidation of an illiberal (or shadow), economy and its connection to political projects in Serbia and Kosovo. Here, some comparative remarks are made over the form of economy and its political connections and implications. In spiteof methodological problems with sources being scarce or of varying quality, the phenomenon ofilliberal economy and its coupling with political projects is too important to be neglected byresearchers. To some extent ’soft sources’ have been accepted here, where hard evidence is lacking.The article argues that the considerable consolidation of illiberal economies in Serbia and Kosovo(as elsewhere in the post-Yugoslav space) have been intimately connected to politics, politicalviolence and conflict in the region, and produced a transformation of wealth and resources. In thismanner the conflicts in the region can be analysed from the perspective of social transformation. Thelatter concept emphasises that the trajectory of social and political change is not necessarily linear,towards liberal democracy and market economy, which is implied in the concepts transition (wherethe end stage is assumed to be liberal democracy and market economy) or social breakdown (whichassumes a possible reconstruction to the norm of a harmonious state).
The integration in educational system of children with disability - a philosophy and a legal obligation
Authors: HOXHAJ Entela , Baraku Irma
Published: July 2017

The increasing fisibility of the children with disability or special needs enhanced the debate and efforts for a new philosohy related to the treatment‎ of disability problematics in general and, especially, to their education. The concept of diasbility has evolved to a model of integration and social inclusion, especially the social ‎inclusion of children with disability in common schools‎. The law 'On the protection from discrimination' prohibits discrimination on grounds of disability, and refusal of registration in an educational institution because of this ground. Furthermore, this law provides the obligation of statal institutions to take positive measures to make possible the enhance of education of vulnerable groups, including children with disability or special needs. These provisions would lack if not accompanied with the creation of a legal framework that explicitly provide for this inclusion philosophy and create the proper mechanisms to make it applicable. It is evident the indispensability of a multi-dimensional treatment of this problematic, that requires also the collaboration of many actors.‎ ‎The innovative stands just in the creation of mechanisms that would make possible such an inclusion. This process requires directors of educational institutions and active and teachers, devoted on the integration of children with disability in every aspect of teaching and educational process.
Albania, a Wonderful Example of Coexistence and Religious Tolerance
Authors: Jera Evalda
Published: July 2017

If we refear to the history of humanity we note that the tolerance of human society is too early, it was born togather with the man. It should be noted that religious beliefs in Albania are and has always been characterized by a strong feeling and a sincere harmony which is reflected in the relations between people with different religious beliefs, as well as between religious people and atheists. Albanians are both Christian and Muslim, Catholic, Orthodox, and Bektashi. For centuries territories populated by Albanians has been remarkable for a unique interfaith tolerance. Religion has never been in the past and is not now a source of conflict in society. In the history of the Albanian religious, communities have always succeeded with a peacefully cooperation. This tolerance stems from the awareness of the Albanians that they belong to the same nation having a strong ethnic identity regardless of external factors affecting the determination of Albanians from other religions. In the Albanian national tradition, religious tolerance is one of the main characteristics of Albanian people morality . The interest of the nation has always been primary in relation to religious matters, it is first of all beeing Albanian. Albanian as well said Pasko Vasa in the nineteenth century "never churches and mosques can separate usbecouse the religion of Albanians is Albanianhood" and so, because of this we create a big example, a wonderful cooperation, a peaceful atmosphere and open the way for peace and friendship between people not only in Albani but worldwide.
Human Rights: Negative and Affirmative Aspects of Environmental Justice
Authors: Mehdi Abasi Sarmadi , Khomami Reza Asadi
Published: July 2017

After Second World War by establishment United Nation, to support of right of life, survives and peace for human, Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued. In later years, second and third generations of human rights were established which respect for human rights is obligatory for member states.Environmental destruction as outcome of Progression of industry and technology, is another important problem which is outshining human life. In the second half of the twentieth century, several international conventions were formed in order to protecting the environment and preventing its destruction. On the other hand, in the United States, The civil rights movement in the 60s was the source of another movement called environmental justice. At the international level, In the 90s of the twentieth century coincided with the UN plan for sustainable development, the environmental justice movement arose. With the start of the twenty first century, environmental activists and followers of the environmental justice movement found out the common points of environmental justice and issues raised in the generations of human rights and attempts to link these two movements and beginning to find their common points. In the second half of twenty century. With increasing of activity of United Nation many conventions were ratified by countries that guarantee some rights of people but conventions about human rights and environment were separated. This article examines positive and negative characteristics governing environmental justice in comparison with the international documents.
Albanian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of the Role of Grammar Instruction in EFL Learning
Authors: Söğütlü Enriketa
Published: July 2017

The role of grammar knowledge and the contribution it makes to foreign/second language learning has been one of the most hotly debated issues in language research. Studies and findings in the field have revealed that after a relatively long period of exaggerated underestimate, grammar stands now where it should. Various theories of learning have caused theories of language learning to emerge, which on their part have had a strong influence on language teachers regarding the strategies they adopt, develop and implement in their classroom practices. This paper attempts to explore some Albanian EFL teachers’ perceptions and beliefs on the role grammar knowledge and grammar instruction play in their students’ EFL learning. It also aims to investigate how these teachers’ attitudes influence their classroom practices of grammar instruction and grammar related activities. Since hardly any research on the issue has been conducted in Albania, this study may also serve as an incentive for further large-scale research, which might offer suggestions for improvement in EFL teaching strategies and expectations in Albania.
The Detention of Asylum Seekers and Refugees, the Case of Albania
Authors: Cukaj Lisjana
Published: July 2017

The detention is considered to be an intrusion in the people rights, it is legitimate if it is conforms to the procedure defined by law. Detention as freedom privation should be realized conform to clear and transparent legal procedures. It should not be extended beyond the necessary period, and should not be used to obstacle the asylum seekers in advancing their requests. Although they may be used in the context of public security, such restrictions should be proportional to their serving interest. The detention decision despite being conform to the national law, if it was taken in bad faith should be a consequence of arbitrary detention. The country should consider detention as an alternative measure, when it does exist evidence that other smaller restrictions will be insufficient in the particular circumstances of this case.
The ESP Technology-Supported Learning Environment
Authors: Živković Slađana
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the implementation of computers and the Internet technology in the learning environment within the ESP context. Designing and implementing digital technology in the teaching and learning process is one of the most demanding tasks. The use of technologies in the ESP classroom enables students to be active and collaborative, which contributes to improving learning achievements and increasing learning outcomes. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of learning experiences, as well as to produce a highly social and authentic, supportive and productive learning environment that allows students the construction of relevant knowledge. The study examines students’ perceptions towards the implementation of digital technologies in the classroom. The results of the research show that students have very positive attitudes towards computers and the Internet technologies and their integration in the ESP learning environment.
Arabic Language Influence on the Iraqi EFL Tertiary Learners’ Use of Grammatical Cohesive Devices in their Argumentative Essays
Authors: Abbas Jasim Mohammed , Mohd. Yasin Muhammad Subakir , Ismail Kemboja
Published: July 2017

This study intends to shed light on the significant role that language rhetoric and cultural differences play in affecting the EFL learners’ written discourse. Thus, it investigates the effects of Arabic language as a mother tongue (L1) on the use of English grammatical cohesive devices in the argumentative essays of 20 Iraqi EFL tertiary students in their third year study in English Department, College of Arts, Al Iraqiya University. By identifying Arabic rhetoric and the cultural differences that are involved in the students’ use of grammatical cohesion, it will be able to determine which types of grammatical cohesion are actually influenced and which are more affected. In addition, it intends to identify the effects of Arabic as L1 through exploring the Iraqi students’ appropriate and inappropriate uses of English grammatical cohesive devices in their argumentative essays. To achieve this, it employed two writing tests: pre and post as well as a background educational questionnaire. First, a background educational questionnaire was administered on 90 students. It included some questions which asked the participants about the usefullness and role of Arabic writing in general and grammatical cohesion in specific in their English essays. Next, a diagnostic test, including two topics, was given to the participants and they were asked to choose one of them in order to write an argumentative essay. The purpose of this test was to elicit information about the students’ ability to use appropriately the different types of grammatical cohesion in their argumentative essays. For post- pre-test, the participants received a training in cohesion and coherence similar to CATW approach in which they were trained, in a whole semester, on way to read a passage critically and make a paraphrase and then write an argumentative essay based on this paraphrasing. At the end of the semester, they sat for a final test in which two reading passages were given to the students and they were asked to write an argumentative based on them. The findings of the two writing tests, based on a qualitative content analysis, indicated that the participants, in the final test, used more appropriate uses of the four types of grammatical devices (reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunctions). Based on a contrastive analysis, the results also revealed that the influence of Arabic in the pre test was very clear. In contrast, the influence of L1 in the final test was considerably less than that in the pre-test. Additionally, the results of the questionnaire showed that Arabic writing and its grammatical cohesive devices have a big influence on the use of English grammatical devices in the students’ argumentative essays.
The Didactic of Sustainable Development Terms in Science Education
Authors: Seker Fatih , Aydinli Bahattin
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, sustainable development is frequently recited in science education also. There are various definitions which are distilled and extracted from educational research. However, the definitions are ambiguous and somehow contrary to each other. Generally, sustainable development was settled on the triangle of ecology, economy and society. Additionally, it has participation with biodiversity, energy resources, recycling and clean environment. Beside these, socioeconomic issues are one of the functional part of it. Here, it is handled with didactic perspective for incorporation to educational program. And it is concluded that sustainable development has participatory democratic structure. And it opens a new road in decision making.
About the Methodology of Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Yanushkevichiene Olga
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the teaching of mathematics and developing of logical thinking. Based on the psychology of thinking, the best possible forms of teaching are analyzed. As an example, the compliance with the tasks in one of the mathematical textbooks for elementary school and age peculiarities of children is analyzed.
Impact of Wars and Conflicts on Women and Children in Middle East: Health, Psychological, Educational and Social Crisis
Authors: Snoubar Yaser , Duman Nurdan
Published: July 2017

The wars and armed conflicts in many regions of the world and especially in the Middle East have an eloquent impact on all life's happenings most especially in areas affected. Wars destroys community infrastructure such as health, education and other social services sectors. As of present, the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East had left a significant impact on the family and the individual in the areas affected. In the family, it has lead to disintegration and roles change. It is also lead to forced migration and asylum. At the individual level, it have impacted negatively in terms of psychology, social and physical wellbeing. Women and children are the most affected by traumatic events of war and they are the most vulnerable to all types of exploitation and abuse. The devastating effects of war on this vulnerable group can hardly be overemphasized. This paper discusses the problems faced by children and women in war and conflict zones. It also explores physical, mental health, social and educational crisis experienced by women and children in the Middle Eastern society. A society that is known to have witnessed many civil wars and armed conflicts. In addition, the study also discusses social and health services which must be provided to women and children in conflict affected area from the social work perspective.
The Impact of Age on the Perception of Cognitive Abilities and Decision-Making Skills
Authors: Osmani Juliana
Published: July 2017

Nowadays organizations are operating in a dynamic and turbulent environment. In these conditions, the situations are very complex and the problems are unstructured. So, to make good decisions the organizations are moving toward group decision-making. The advantages of such processes are numerous when compared to individual decision-making. The main goal of the current research focuses on the perception of cognitive and decision-making abilities, trying to understand if there is a relationship between them and age and how such perceptions may influence the attitudes toward group decision-making process. This study focuses on the banking institutions in Albania, as the most developed segment of the financial system and the entire Albanian economy and as a sector where group decision-making processes are widely used. It is generally thought that adults are less productive, less motivated, more adverse to innovation and less skilled in learning. With the age, the individual undergoes substantial changes regarding the information processing speed, memory, reasoning, concentration and executive functions. It has been shown that these changes move in the opposite direction with respect to age. Then what to do, avoid that adults make decisions? The relationship between age, cognitive and decision-making abilities is very complex. Cognitive limits orient adults to the adoption of compensatory decision-making strategies. In these circumstances, the question that arises is whether the group decision-making process can be an effective tool to balance these skills. On the basis of the responses offered by 247 participants and adopting the quantitative methodology, the current research tries to answer this question.
The Role of Symbols in Social Movements
Authors: Zani Orges
Published: July 2017

This paper analyzes the birth of VETVENDOSJE as a social movement through different symbolic representations. Based on the theoretical model of symbolic interaction the study will analyse how the Network Action for Kosovo, created as a counter response against the Serbian dictatorship in Kosovo, continued its actions by creating the slogan “NO NEGOTIATION- VETVENDOSJE”, collecting signatures by the citizens and requiring to UNMIK, to investigate on the destiny of numerous Albania disappeared during the war by the Serbian Army. UNMIK did not take into consideration the petition because it was more interested in the development of institutional conversations to define the judicial status of Kosove. This made the followers of VETVENDOSJE to put the big slogan in front of the UNMIK building “NO NEGOTIATION-VETVENDOSJE! The appearance of this slogan transformed the network into the VETVENDOSJE movement and in the same time it made possible the idea that people will have their right to decide on the judicial and political sovereignty of Kosovo. This slogan had strong conceptual and emotional power on its followers and incited numerous protests and public meetings. From this we can conclude that symbols and their symbolic representations serve perfectly for the creation social movements
Discourse on the Narrative of Coexistence for Intercultural Education
Authors: Choi Seungeun , Kim Youngsoon
Published: July 2017

The changes are rapid and multi-faceted golablly; and, the issues and people in the world are interconnected and interrelated. Transformative cultural change engages a process at the crossroads of our social and political, while challenging historical narratives. Intercultural education aims to achieve a developing and sustainable way of living together in multicultural societies through the creation of understanding of, respect for and dialogue between the different cultural groups. Narrative is a characteristic of human consciousness that draws the sequence of experienced events and proposed actions into unified episodes. Moreover, narratives are closely tied to culture and identity and serve as a medium for constructing our understanding of reality. It is the core of intercultural education that the members who participate in society understand the narrative that mutual cultures have. This paper explores the discourse on the narrative of coexistence for intercultural education. The circular interpretation to the process means narratives are tools for conceptualizing and creating change among diverse others in differnet cultures.
Motivation of Slovenian and Norwegian Nordic Athletes towards Sports, Education and Dual Career
Authors: Kerštajn Robert , Topič Mojca Doupona
Published: July 2017

This research examined the motivation towards dual career of Norwegian and Slovenian elite Nordic athletes who compete in specific sports disciplines (cross-country skiing, ski jumping and biathlon) where winter conditions are essential. Due to preparations, trainings and competitions these athletes are often far away from their place of residence and education and make every effort to coordinate their sports career and their education. The sample consisted of 51 Norwegian (female: n = 18, age: 25.2 ± 3.7; male: n = 33, age: 23.6 ± 3.6) and 66 Slovenian athletes (female: n = 31, age: 22.9 ± 5.82; male: n = 35, age: 22.0 ± 4.59) who participate in the elite competitions. We have examined the links between three types of motivation (for study, sports and dual career) and socio-demographic characteristics. The factor analysis of the SAMSAQ-EU questionnaire demonstrated a three-factor model and the Crombach's Alpha reliability test confirmed the reliability of the measurement of three latent dimensions of motivation: AM (alpha = 0.878), SAM (alpha = 0.738) and CAM (alpha = 0.694). The results showed that female athletes are more motivated towards education than male athletes and that Slovenian athletes are more motivated towards sports careers than their Norwegian peers. The parents of the respondents from Norway (fathers as well as mothers) tend to have higher education than the parents of the Slovenian athletes, whereas the mothers have higher education than the fathers. More educated (Norwegian) parents contributed significantly to their children's involvement in sports, whereas Slovenian athletes would generally choose their sports career by themselves. Our research did not show significant links between the factor of motivation towards education and the factor of motivation towards sports. Although Norway and Slovenia both experience the lack of structural measures for education of elite athletes in higher education, student-athletes of both countries are highly motivated towards academic and sports career.
The Use of Visualization in Teaching and Learning Process for Developing Critical Thinking of Students
Authors: Shatri Kyvete , Buza Kastriot
Published: July 2017

Many researches has been conducted for the need to increase critical thinking of students (in (different fields, (also many researches has been done on the importance and the role of critical thinking for students achievements. In this context this requires a critical approach. To achieve this should be used effective teaching methods that develop critical thinking and also facilitate and enhance the learning of students and their performance in general, making them able to solving problems in their fields. A visualization approach increase communication, increase critical thinking and provides analytical approach to various problems. Therefore, this research is aimed to investigate visualization for the purpose of examining its role in developing critical thinking. In order to achieve this it was made an experiment for the use of visualization and from this experimentation are extracted the results of the effect of using the visualization for the aspect of developing and increasing critical thinking. The results which are taken from this research highlight the positive effect that the use of visualization in teaching and learning process has in developing the critical thinking of students and their overall performance. The results also shows that the visualization motivates students to learn, making them more cooperative and developing their skills for critical approach. Keywords: visualization, critical thinking, teaching, learning, student performance
Push and Pull Factors and their effects on International Tourists’ Revisit Intention to Nepal
Authors: Baniya Rojan , Ghimire Suman , Phuyal Sandip
Published: July 2017

International tourists are of great prominence to Nepali economy, consequently their motivation to visit Nepal should guide the success of Nepal as tourist destination. The primary objective of this study is to use commonly recognized ‘integrative models of push and pull motives’ to travel motivations of international tourists to Nepal. Based on previous studies, inspecting the direct effect of push and pull motives on international tourists to Nepal, this study proposes that except for ‘enhancing social’, all the other variables (pull factors – nature, culture and heritage sites, adventure, friendly people climate; push factors – relaxation and recreation, enhance relationship, fulfilling practice, escape from daily routine) exhibited encouragingly positive correlation with re-visit intentions among international tourist to Nepal. Additionally, the overall push factors and pull factors together predicted the revisit intention of international tourists to Nepal, however push factor was insignificant. Thus, convincingly, we could say that international tourists are motivated to visit Nepal by its pull factors i.e. destination attributes. The study’s findings reveal Nepal’s international tourists’ impetuses, and provide practitioners and policymakers with a foundation to develop an effective strategy to improve the international tourist based tourism in Nepal.The GAZE Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, Vol. 8, 2017, page: 20-39
Financial Regulatory Governance in South Africa: The Move Towards Twin Peaks
Authors: Schmulow Andrew
Published: July 2017

This article examines the implementation of the Twin Peaks model of financial system regulation in South Africa, the purpose of which is to create a financial system stability regulator, and a financial system consumer protection and market conduct regulator. It examines the historical development of Twin Peaks and its regulatory enforcement principles. It then analyses the similarities and differences between Twin Peaks in Australia (upon which the South African reforms are based) and South Africa. Finally the article provides concluding observations.
Mitigating Legal Risks in Nigeria's Project Finance Market
Authors: Soyeju Olufemi
Published: July 2017

Project finance is a subset of financial techniques used traditionally in raising long-term debt financing for projects particularly in the energy and mining sectors of the economy. However, over the years, it has proved helpful in raising the required funds to drive public infrastructure projects through the public private partnership framework. By its nature, project finance is either non-recourse, or of limited recourse, to the project sponsors and hence identifying the various risks and determining who should bear these risks is the overarching essence of project finance technique. These uncertainty and risks may have significant impact on outturn costs or benefits of a particular infrastructure project. Generally, typical project finance transaction is fraught with many project risks which sometimes overlap. However, among these inherent risks there are some that are legal in nature and hence they are referred to as legal risks. So, this article seeks to interrogate the related legal risks in project finance as a financing technique to fund development of infrastructure and in particular, the procurement of critical public infrastructure assets in Nigeria and the various ways by which these risks can be mitigated to drive infrastructure development in the country.
The Sage of Sages: T. C. Chao's Christology in Yesu Zhuan
Authors: Xu Ximian
Published: July 2017

T. C. Chao (Zhao Zichen, 1888–1979) was a leading Chinese theologian of the twentieth century. His Yesu Zhuan is a well-known book in China and accepted by many Chinese people as a way to know who Jesus is. Given this, this article will examine Chao's Christology in Yesu Zhuan. It will first introduce the historical context of Yesu Zhuan, including national crisis, cultural crisis and anti-Christian movements. Then, Chao's purpose and the methodology of writing Yesu Zhuan will be elaborated, which will be followed by a theological appraisal of Chao's methodology and Christology in Yesu Zhuan. By so doing, the article will demonstrate that under the influence of Western liberal theology and with the effort to indigenise Christianity in China, Chao actually portrays a ‘Jesus’ who is the most prominent Sage, the Sage of sages. That means he delineates a possible way in which Christian faith may be understood in Chinese culture. However, the ‘Jesus’ in Yesu Zhuan is a mere human being without divine nature. In the end, the Christology in Yesu Zhuan diametrically contradicts Chalcedonian Christology.
H i in Virgo’s “Red and Dead” Dwarf Ellipticals—A Tidal Tail and Central Star Formation
Authors: Hallenbeck Gregory , Koopmann Rebecca , Giovanelli Riccardo , Haynes Martha P. , Huang Shan , Leisman Lukas , Papastergis Emmanouil
Published: July 2017

We investigate a sample of three dwarf elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster that have significant reservoirs of H i. We present deep optical imaging (from CFHT and KPNO), H i spectra (Arecibo), and resolved H i imaging (VLA) of this sample. These observations confirm their H i content and optical morphologies, and indicate that the gas is unlikely to be recently accreted. The sample has more in common with dwarf transitionals, though dwarf transitionals are generally lower in stellar mass and gas fraction. VCC 190 has an H i tidal tail from a recent encounter with the massive spiral galaxy NGC 4224. In VCC 611, blue star-forming features are observed that were not seen by shallower SDSS imaging.
Late Onset Achromatic Melanoma Arising in a Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Patterson James W. , Bakardzhiev Ilko , Lotti Torello , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Wollina Uwe
Published: July 2017

A 61-year-old woman, with a lifelong history of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus in the occipital region with secondary development of giant melanoma is presented. Surgical excision was performed, and the histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of Giant Malignant Melanoma (GMM) with a maximum tumour thickness of 16 mm. Nowadays, there is tremendous uncertainty regarding how giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) should be treated. The standard approach to patients with late onset giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN is based on two main considerations: (1) obtain an acceptable cosmetic results with the purpose to decrease the psychosocial inconvenience to each patient, and (2) to attempt to minimise the risk of development of malignant transformation. Unfortunately complete surgical removal of the GCMN is usually difficult and very often impossible without subsequent functional or cosmetic mutilations.
Cutaneous Angioleiomyoma – A Rare Cause of Posterior Heel Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Tchernev Georgi , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Torello
Published: July 2017

Heel pain is a common presentation in outpatient clinics. Here, we report a 69-year-old woman who complaint about a painful nodule on her left posterior heel. There was no history of trauma. The lesion developed during ten weeks without any bleeding or ulceration. On examination, we observed a subcutaneous firm nodule of about 1 cm in diameter. The lesion was hypoechoic in diagnostic sonography suggesting a fibromatous tumour, which was removed surgically. Histologic investigations confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous angioleiomyoma. The occurrence of this benign tumour on the heel is quite uncommon but obvious a possible cause for heel pain. During follow-up, no recurrence was observed.
Pyogenic Granuloma – A Common Benign Vascular Tumor with Variable Clinical Presentation: New Findings and Treatment Options
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Langner Dana , França Katlein , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: July 2017

Pyogenic granuloma is a common benign vascular tumour occurring in all ages. Both skin and mucous membranes can be affected. Of pathogenetic importance are trauma, BRAF mutations and probably herpes virus type 1, Orf virus and/or human papilloma virus type 2. The tumour consists of capillary proliferations, venules and fibromyxoid stroma. The development of a lesion occurs in three stages and bleeding is a common symptom. The tumour can mimic various other vascular lesions, solid tumours, and soft tissue infections. In recent years, targeted tumour therapies have become the most common cause of drug-induced pyogenic granulomas. The backbone of treatment is surgical procedures including laser therapy. New developments in medical drug therapy include topical and systemic beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists timolol and propranolol. Drug therapy is an alternative for young children, ocular and periungual pyogenic granuloma.
Very Rare Amelanotic Lentigo Maligna Melanoma with Skull Roof Invasion
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Hansel Gesina , Schmidt Nadine , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Kittner Thomas , Nowak Andreas
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: Lentigo malignant melanoma is a melanoma subtype of chronic sun-damaged skin in elderly Caucasians. Amelanotic variants of lentigo malignant are extremely rare.CASE PRESENTATION: This is a case report of an 80-year-old male patient who presented with a non-pigmented exophytic tumour of his bald head. After complete surgical excision under the suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma, three-dimensional histologic examination confirmed an amelanotic lentigo malignant melanoma with a tumour thickness of 1.76 mm, resected R0. Five years later he developed the first relapse, the other year a satellite metastasis was surgically removed. One year later, this patient had developed a large relapsing lentigo malignant melanoma with skull roof invasion. There was no evidence of distant metastatic spread. Amelanotic lentigo malignant melanoma is a very rare tumour.CONCLUSIONS: Serial excision or slow Mohs and Mohs micrographic surgery are the treatments of choice especially in the head and neck area. These tumours may be locally very aggressive as it is shown by skull invasion in the present case.