bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modelling of a rotor-bearing-housing system including a localized fault
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Yajun , Shao Yimin
Published: October 2017

An in-depth understanding of the dynamic characteristics through rotor-bearing-housing systems is very valuable for fault detection and diagnosis applications of rotating machines such as high-speed spindle, roll mill, gearbox, engines, etc. A new vibration model of a rotor-bearing-housing system considering the rotor compliance, elastic interface between the housing and outer race, housing compliance, and time-dependent excitations introduced by a localized fault on the inner and outer races of an inherent ball bearing is proposed in this work. An analytical method for calculating the time-dependent excitations including the time-dependent displacement excitation and contact stiffness coefficient between the ball and fault edges is presented. Differences between vibration responses of a rotor-bearing-housing system from the proposed model and the previous model without the rotor compliance in the literature are discussed. The presented model is used to discuss the influences of all the rotor compliance, housing compliance, and fault sizes on the races of the inherent ball bearing on the vibration responses and vibration transmission characteristics through the rotor-bearing-housing system, which cannot be formulated by the current dynamic models in the listed references. An experimental study is introduced to validate the presented model. The results show that the rotor compliance and time-dependent contact stiffness coefficient caused by the fault have great influence on the dynamic characteristics through the rotor-bearing-housing system. It also seems that the developed method can provide a new vibration modelling method for the vibration analysis for a rotor-bearing-housing system with and without the faults.
Which way did he go? Film lateral movement and spectator interpretation
Authors: Egizii Matthew L , Neuendorf Kimberly A , Denny James , Skalski Paul D , Campbell Rachel
Published: October 2017

Elements of on-screen motion in film hold specific meanings and contexts depending on their usage in the moving image. The common wisdom that left-to-right is primary, preferred, and evaluated as more positive has not been directly tested with spectator responses. This study focuses on how film spectators interpret lateral motion, comparing left-to-right and right-to-left. A posttest only experimental design utilized footage from a short film as the stimulus. Participants completed a questionnaire after watching the sequence, answering items concerning affective and perceptual evaluations of the sequence. ANOVAs showed a significant difference between the experimental groups on the Positive Affect spectator evaluation scale and the Activity scale, such that right-to-left motion was perceived more negatively and as less active. There were no differences in the Uniqueness scale. Additionally, the study found no support for potential moderating impacts of religion or psychometric characteristics, indicating robustness of the main findings.
Immune regulation effect of lienal polypeptides extract in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice treated with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Wu Yan-Ping , Deng Jie , Ouyang Shu-Hua , Mao Zhong-Fu , Wang Guo-En , Kurihara Hiroshi , He Rong-Rong , Li Yi-Fang
Published: October 2017

Polypeptides extracted from animal immune organs have been proved to exert immunomodulatory activities in previous reports. However, relative experimental data regarding the influence of a polypeptide mixture extracted from healthy calf spleen (lienal polypeptide [LP]) on the immune function in tumor therapy are limited, and the components in LP remain unclear. In the present study, the immune regulatory effect of LP was investigated in normal mice and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). The components of LP were identified by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis and bioinformatic analysis. In LLC-bearing mice, LP showed a synergic antitumor effect with CTX, whereas LP alone did not present direct antitumor activity. Further, LP was found to enhance immune organ indexes, splenocyte number, and T lymphocyte subsets in normal mice and LLC-bearing mice treated with CTX. The decline of white blood cell and platelet counts, splenocyte proliferation activity, and peritoneal macrophage phagocytic function caused by CTX were also significantly suppressed by LP treatment in LLC-bearing mice. Notably, LP treatment significantly decreased the expression of phagocytosis-related proteins including CD47/signal regulatory protein α/Src homology phosphatase-1 in the tumor tissue of LLC-bearing mice treated with CTX. LC-MS/MS-based peptidomics unraveled the main polypeptides in LP with a length from 8 to 25 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis further confirmed the possibility of LP to regulate immunity, especially in phagocytosis-related pathway. Our above findings indicated that LP can relieve the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy and is a beneficial supplement in cancer therapy.

Impact statement

The immunomodulatory activities of polypeptides extracted from animal immune organs have incurred people’s interests since a long time ago. In this study, we investigated the immune regulation effects of a polypeptide mixture extracted from health calf spleen (lienal polypeptide [LP]) in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-coupled with tandem mass spectrometry-based peptidomics and bioinformatics analysis unraveled the main polypeptides in LP and further confirmed that LP is mainly associated with immune regulating pathway, especially in tumor cell phagocytosis-related pathway. Our study for the first time revealed that polypeptides from spleen can relieve the immunosuppression induced by CTX and is a beneficial supplement in cancer therapy.
Impairments in Spatiotemporal Gait Adaptation During Obstacle Navigation in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Anwar Naznine , Labuschagne Izelle , Simpson Katrina , Smith Luke , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie
Published: October 2017

Background. Navigating obstacles whilst walking might be associated with poorer balance and a higher risk of falling in individuals with symptomatic Huntington’s disease (symp-HD). However, this issue has not been investigated within the literature. Objective. A unique obstacle navigation experiment was designed to examine adaptive gait patterns in order to identify spatiotemporal gait characteristics that might be associated with poorer balance and a higher risk of falling in symp-HD. Method. Sixteen diagnosed symp-HD participants and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Gait was examined in 3 experimental conditions: baseline walking, walking while navigating around 1 obstacle, and walking while navigating around 2 obstacles. Navigation around obstacle walks was divided into three step phases (approach, navigation, recovery). Group differences in gait variables were analyzed at baseline and during walking for each obstacle condition respectively. Gait variables were also correlated with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results. Symp-HD participants, compared with controls, performed significantly poorer on most gait variables during baseline walking. Symp-HD participants significantly decreased their step-length while navigating around 1 obstacle, and increased their step-time while navigating around 1 and 2 obstacles. There were no significant group differences in step-width. Variables associated with navigating around obstacles correlated significantly with BBS and TUG clinical tools, which have been associated in the literature with an increased risk of falling in symp-HD. Conclusion. These findings could aid clinicians in better managing risk of falls in people with Huntington’s disease through targeted and effective strategies.
Bone Grafting for Scaphoid Nonunions: Is Free Vascularized Bone Grafting Superior for Scaphoid Nonunion?
Authors: Aibinder William R. , Wagner Eric R. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: October 2017

Background: Nonvascularized bone grafting (NVBG) and vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) have been used to treat scaphoid nonunions. A comparison of a single institution’ s experience using structural iliac crest bone graft (ICBG), 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1,2-ICSRA), and medial femoral condyle (MFC) grafts to treat scaphoid nonunions was undertaken. Methods: Thirty-one patients underwent ICBG, 33 patients underwent 1,2-ICSRA, and 45 patients underwent MFC grafting. Mean time to follow-up was 16 months (range, 2-153). Twenty-three percent used tobacco products. Mean age was 24 years (range, 11-66), with 86% male patients. Outcomes included union rate, time to healing, range of motion, complications, and reoperations. Results: Union rates and mean time to union were 71% and 19 weeks for the ICBG group, 79% and 26 weeks for the 1,2-ICSRA group, and 89% and 16 weeks for the MFC group, respectively. Failure of union was associated with tobacco use but not with age, gender, time from injury to surgery, or type of fixation. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding range of motion or strength. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the need for careful patient selection. In patients with the most complicated scaphoid nonunions (avascular necrosis, carpal collapse, and previous surgeries), the MFC group had the highest union rate and fastest time to union. Patients with risk factors for failure should be counseled on the outcomes and possible need for salvage fusion surgery.
Psychosocial Risk Factors and the Association With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mansfield Michael , Thacker Michael , Sandford Fiona
Published: October 2017

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. Research has shown that associative factors for CTS include occupational and biomechanical elements, sex, and age. To date, no systematic review has been undertaken to determine specifically whether there are any psychosocial risk factors in developing CTS. The objective is to determine whether psychosocial factors are associated with and/or predict the development of CTS. Methods: A systematic review was conducted including searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception to May 30, 2017. Quantitative studies must have investigated a minimum of 1 or more psychosocial factors—cognitive, affective, behavioral, vocational, or interpersonal processes (eg, social support)—and include a point or risk estimate. One reviewer conducted the search and 2 reviewers independently assessed eligibility and completed methodological quality assessment using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Data were analyzed narratively. Results: Six moderate- to high-quality studies were included in the final review. Five studies reported a positive association between psychosocial factors and CTS, where psychosocial factors were more in those who reported CTS. One study reported no positive or negative association with CTS development. Four studies reported a negative association between psychosocial factors and CTS, where psychosocial factors were less in those who reported CTS. Conclusions: There is limited evidence for a positive association between psychosocial factors and CTS. However, this was not a consistent finding across all included studies. Further research is indicated in standardizing CTS diagnostic criteria and investigating other working environments.
Managing hyponatremia in lung cancer: latest evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Fiordoliva Ilaria , Meletani Tania , Baleani Maria Giuditta , Rinaldi Silvia , Savini Agnese , Di Pietro Paolo Marzia , Berardi Rossana
Published: October 2017

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in lung cancer patients. This condition may be related to many causes including incidental medications, concurrent diseases and side effects of antineoplastic treatments or the disease itself. Although not frequently life-threatening, it is usually associated with prolonged hospitalization, delays in scheduled chemotherapy, worsening of patient performance status and quality of life and may also negatively affect treatment response and survival. Most of the available data focus on thoracic tumors, especially small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), where hyponatremia is frequently related to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Few studies specifically focus on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Hyponatremia treatment needs to be personalized based on severity and duration of sodium serum reduction, extracellular fluid volume and etiology. However, literature data highlight the importance of early correction of the serum concentration levels. To achieve this the main options are fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, loop diuretics, isotonic saline, tolvaptan and urea. The aim of this review is to analyze the role of hyponatremia in lung cancer patients, evaluating causes, diagnosis, management and clinical implications.
The Effectiveness of Medicare Wellness Visits in Accessing Preventive Screening
Authors: Camacho Fabian , Yao Nengliang (Aaron) , Anderson Roger
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Under the American Affordable Care Act, Medicare insurance beneficiaries receive free Annual Wellness Visits (AWV); there is a need to examine the effectiveness of these visits. The purpose of this study is to examine their impact on subsequent screening rates. Methods: Using 2011-2014 Medicare FFS (fee-for-service) claims data, seven preventive care services, including vaccinations and cancer screenings were compared among beneficiaries who received and did not receive AWVs. Inverse probability treatment weights were used to achieve covariate balance between groups. Results: Nonrecipients were less likely to receive any of the 7 services compared with recipients of AWVs (63% vs 88%). The total number of services that the AWVs group received was 62% higher than nonrecipients. Subgroup analyses show that wellness visits were high across age groups, race/ethnic groups, rural/urban context, and counties of different economic development status. Conclusion: These results are consistent with the view that wellness visits improve screening rates and thus serve to reduce cancer burden.
Walking in Another’s Shoes: Enhancing Experiential Learning Through Design Thinking
Authors: Stock Karen L. , Bucar Branko , Vokoun Jennifer
Published: October 2017

There exists an “innovation gap” where students are not prepared to meet the demands of an increasingly complex world. Skills such as creative confidence help close this gap and also foster innovation. To better prepare students, two concepts, design thinking and experiential learning, are integrated through the use of a modified writing exercise. This exercise is intended to be used following a learning experience such as hearing a guest speaker, touring a business, or engaging with professionals on a project as a means of fostering deeper learning and building skills needed to work creatively.
Redefining the role of etoposide in first-line treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Young Ae , Byun Ja Min , Park Keeho , Bae Gi Hwan , Lee Dukhyoung , Kim Dong Sook , Yoon Sung-Soo , Koh Youngil
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Etoposide addition/chemo-intensification has little role in first-line treatment of PTCL in Asian populations, regardless of subtype or age. Upfront hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation as consolidation seems like a legitimate choice in patients with PTCL.
Synthesis of Anion-Mixed Crystals of Assembled Complexes Bridged by 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane and the Ligand Field of Fe(NCS)(NCBH3) Unit
Authors: Dote Haruka , Kaneko Masashi , Inoue Katsuya , Nakashima Satoru
Published: October 2017

Anion-mixed iron(II) assembled complexes using NCS and NCBH3 as anionic ligand and bridged by 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) are synthesized under several conditions for various ratios of NCS to NCBH3. Elemental analysis showed that the experimentally observed fractions of NCS tend to be more than those in the preparation. Some structures are determined by using single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns are compared among the anion-mixed crystals. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals that a new doublet appears and it is different from the doublets of Fe(NCS)2 and Fe(NCBH3)2 units and the relative area of this new doublet reaches maximum when the fraction of NCS is around 1.0 per each iron, suggesting that the new doublet is ascribed to an Fe(NCS)(NCBH3) unit. Corresponding anion-mixed complexes enclathrating p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) are synthesized. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurement and Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal that the complexes show spin-crossover (SCO) phenomenon and the relative area of the low-spin state is more than the expected value. The existence of Fe(NCS)(NCBH3) is supported by the results of SQUID measurement and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Ligand field splitting strength of Fe(NCS)(NCBH3) unit is estimated to be intermediate between Fe(NCS)2 and Fe(NCBH3)2 units. Complexes enclathrating p-DCB display propeller conformation of bpe around the iron atom, while complexes without a guest molecule have distorted propeller conformation of bpe around the iron atom. It is suggested that such difference determines whether the SCO is on or off.
Two Diastereomers of d-Limonene-Derived Cyclic Carbonates from d-Limonene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide with a Tetrabutylammonium Chloride Catalyst
Authors: Morikawa Hiroshi , Minamoto Masato , Gorou Yuuta , Yamaguchi Jun-ichi , Morinaga Hisatoyo , Motokucho Suguru
Published: October 2017

Two diastereomers of d-limonene-derived five-membered cyclic carbonates were prepared from the corresponding isomers of d-limonene oxide with CO2. Their syntheses were catalyzed by commercially available tetrabutylammonium chloride with high stereoselectivity. The reaction behavior dependent on the reaction conditions such as CO2 pressure was clarified.
Students’ scientific knowledge and skills as a prerequisite for studying health care at the tertiary level – the Tartu Health College case
Authors: Ploomipuu Inga , Holbrook Jack
Published: October 2017

Tervishoiuvaldkonnas võib üliõpilaste puudulik ettevalmistus viia probleemideni kõrgkoolis (nt üliõpilaste väljalangemine) ning hiljem ka sotsiaalsfääris (nt kvalifitseeritud tööjõu puudus tervishoiusüsteemis). Probleemide ennetamiseks on oluline hinnata, kas ja mil määral esineb puudusi kõrgkooli sisseastujate ettevalmistuses loodusteaduste valdkonnas. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada kõrgkooli tervishoiu erialadele õppima asunud gümnaasiumilõpetajate loodusteaduslike teadmiste ja oskuste tase loodusteadusliku ning tervisealase kirjaoskuse aspektide kaudu. Valimisse kuulusid Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli esimese aasta üliõpilased (n = 213), kes täitsid kontekstipõhise interdistsiplinaarse küsimustiku. Uurimistulemustest selgub, et Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli sisseastunute loodusteaduslikud teadmised ja oskused on ebapiisavad ning see võib osutuda takistuseks edasistes õpingutes. Heal järjel on vaid madalamat järku oskused, nt aineteadmiste reprodutseerimine. Loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse puhul pole piisavalt heal tasemel üliõpilaste kommunikatiivsed ja praktilised oskused (nagu probleemide lahendamine, otsuste tegemine ja nende loodusteaduslik põhjendamine), mis on paljuski edasiste õpingute eelduseks ja mis seetõttu vajavad rohkem arendamist. Kuigi oskuste taset mõjutavad varasem haridus, gümnaasiumiõpingutest möödunud aeg ja motivatsioon edasi õppida, saaks kõrgkool pakkuda puudujääkide korvamiseks kursusi, mille kaudu toetataks loodusteaduslikku kirjaoskust, sh enesetõhusust ja loodusteaduslike ainete õpimotivatsiooni.
 Summary
Estonian science teachers’ pedagogical beliefs, teaching practices and self-efficacy based on the results of the TALIS 2008 and 2013 reports
Authors: Henno Imbi , Kollo Liina , Mikser Rain
Published: October 2017

Artiklis käsitletakse TALIS 2013 uuringus osalenud loodusainete õpetajate uskumusi, õpetamispraktikat ja enesetõhususe hinnanguid ning võrreldakse tulemusi TALIS 2008 uuringu omadega. Analüüsist selgub, et võrreldes teiste ainete õpetajatega olid loodusainete õpetajate uskumused nii TALIS 2008 kui ka TALIS 2013 uuringus konstruktivistlikumad. Kui esimeses, TALIS 2008 uuringus ei erinenud eesti ja vene õppekeelega koolide loodusainete õpetajate uskumused ja enesetõhususe hinnangud statistiliselt olulisel määral, siis teises, TALIS 2013 uuringus olid eesti õppekeelega koolide õpetajate uskumused konstruktivistlikumad, kuid enesetõhususe hinnangud madalamad. Õpetamispraktika kohta selgus, et õpilaste motiveerimist ja aktiveerimist rakendavad loodusainete õpetajad samal määral kui teiste ainete õpetajad.
 Summary
Tehnoloogia ja koostöine õpe uurimusliku õppe tõhustamiseks
Authors: Pedaste Margus
Published: October 2017

Springeri kirjastuse raamat "New developments in science and technology education" ("Uued suundumused loodusteaduslikus ja tehnoloogiahariduses") ilmus 2016. aastal raamatusarja "Innovations in science education and technology" ("Innovatsioon loodusteaduslikus hariduses ja tehnoloogias") 23. väljaandena. Raamat võtab kokku 17 teadlaste kollektiivi viimaste aastate tööd ja pakub head ülevaadet käsitlustest, mille alusel saab arendada õpetajakoolitust ülikoolides, riiklikke üldhariduskoolide õppekavasid, loodusteaduste ja tehnoloogiaainete õppimisel kasutatavaid meetodeid ning võtta kasutusele uusi lahendusi, mis toetavad nüüdisaegsete õpieesmärkide saavutamist. Viimased on mõjutatud eelkõige uurimuslikule õppele omaste ideede levikust.
Remix, literacy and creativity: An analytic review of the research literature
Authors: Knobel Michele
Published: October 2017

Loovust on hakatud pidama riikide majanduskasvu võtmeteguriks, mis tagab ühiskonnas toimetuleku ja mille abil tagatakse isiklik või ühiskondlik heaolu. Seda silmas pidades on mõistlik süveneda loovuse käsitusse ja praktilisse olemusse ning uurida nende seostamise võimalusi hariduse kontekstis. Olukord koolides on mahukate uurimistulemuste põhjal koolivälise tegelikkusega teravas vastuolus, sest vähe võetakse arvesse inimeste loomingulisust ja suurt kujutlusvõimet tähenduste loomisel, mille üks väljendusvorme on remiksimine. Artikli eesmärk on anda ülevaade olemasolevatest ingliskeelsetest uurimustest, milles käsitletakse digitaalset remiksimist ja kirjaoskust, ning selgitada välja mustrid, mis näitavad, kuidas tavalised inimesed on ennast loominguliselt väljendanud. Analüütilise ülevaate koostamisel uuriti viimase kahe kümnendi jooksul inglise keeles ilmunud empiirilisi publikatsioone ning koostati ülevaade avaldatud teadusartiklitest koolivälise remiksimise ja kirjaoskuse kohta. Uurimise käigus selgitati välja need loominguliste püüdluste ja tähenduste loomise viisid, millest koolipedagoogika saaks midagi kasulikku õppida. Ühtlasi vaadeldi, kuidas digitaalset remiksimist ja kirjaoskust on uuritud. Kõigis 36 analüüsitud uurimuses rõhutati, et lähenemine loovusele kui sügavalt sotsiaalsele nähtusele aitab vastu seista kasulikkust taga ajavatele lähenemisviisidele. Uurimustes vaatluse all olnud remiksitud tööd näitavad teadlikku loovuse arendamise püüdlust, mis võib aidata inimestel loominguliselt hakkama saada või reageerida kiiretele muutustele ning ühiskondlikele, riiklikele ja keskkondlikele probleemidele praegu ja tulevikus, luues ja säilitades samal ajal suhteid suurte vahemaade ja erinevuste kiuste. 
 Full text
The preschool teachers’ beliefs about children’s general skills according to the Estonian national curriculum: an added explanation to the causes of the “schoolification” of early childhood institutions
Authors: Neudorf Evelyn , Ugaste Aino , Tuul Maire , Mikser Rain
Published: October 2017

Viimase aja rahvusvaheline tendents alushariduses on koolistumine ehk õppe- ja kasvatustegevuse suurem sarnanemine üldhariduskooliga. See avaldub eelkõige õppimise esmatähtsustamises ja laste arengu pidevas hindamises. Paljude uurijate hinnangul põhjustab seda ühiskondlik surve tagada laste koolivalmidus ja alusharidusasutuste konkurents eri huvirühmade ootuste täitmisel. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada lasteaiaõpetajate uskumused riikliku õppekava üldoskuste väärtuslikkuse ehk olulisuse kohta ning nende enesetõhususe hinnangud asjaomaste tegevuste leidmisele ja üldoskuste hindamisele. Ankeedis hindas 729 Eesti lasteaiaõpetajat koolieelse lasteasutuse riiklikus õppekavas (2008) esitatud üldoskuste olulisust ning nende omandamiseks vajalike tegevuste leidmise ja üldoskuste hindamise lihtsust. Uurimistulemustest selgub, et mänguoskusi kui senist alushariduse prioriteeti peetakse olulisimaks, ent tegevuste leidmisel ja hindamisel on lihtsam keskenduda tunnetus- ja õpioskuste kui traditsiooniliselt akadeemiliste oskuste valdkonnale. Laste üldoskuste arendamiseks vajaksid õpetajad koolitusi, mis oleksid seotud pigem tegevuste leidmise ja tulemuse hindamisega, mitte üldoskuste olulisuse teadvustamisega.
 Summary
Collaboration as the central factor determining vocational teachers´ professionality
Authors: Sirk Meidi , Ümarik Meril , Loogma Krista , Niglas Katrin
Published: October 2017

Eesti haridusmaastikul toimunud reformid on toonud kaasa muutused õpetajate professionalismis ja professionaalsuses. Hargreaves (2006) eristab õpetajate professionalismi ajajärke ja osutab, et tänapäeval on autonoomiaperiood asen dunud kollegiaalse koostöö ajajärguga. Hoyle (1974) vastandab oma professionaalsuse mudelis autonoomia ja koostöö, eristades seejuures piiratud ja avaravaatelist professionaalsust. Artikli eesmärk ongi mõista kutseõpetajate professionaalsust kollegiaalse professionalismi ajajärgul. Analüüs põhineb kõikse küsitlusuuringu andmestikul, mille sihtrühma moodustasid kutseõpetajad. Vastused saadi 501 kutse õpetajalt. Andmete analüüsimisel rakendati klasteranalüüsi, tuginedes Hoyle’i professionaalsuse mudelile. Kutseõpetajate professionaalsust iseloomustava koostöö ulatuse alusel eristus kolm klastrit: ulatuslikult võrgustunud, omaette hoidvad ja koolikesksed professionaalid. Uurimistulemustest selgus, et esimesse klastrisse kuuluvad õpetajad on teistega võrreldes enam rahul oma töö ja valitud ametiga.
 Summary
The manifestation of student teachers’ knowledge, understanding, emotions, and experiences in their essays about special needs
Authors: Uibu Krista , Puksand Helin
Published: October 2017

Kaasava hariduse põhimõtte järgi on oluline, et õpetaja märkaks õpetamisel laste hariduslikke erivajadusi ja varieeriks nende järgi õpetamist. See, kuivõrd on õpetaja valmis õpetama erivajadusega õpilast, sõltub muu hulgas tema teadmistest, arusaamadest ja kokkupuutest erivajadusega. Artikli eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuidas õpetajakoolituse üliõpilased kirjeldavad oma teadmisi, arusaamu, emotsioone ja kogemusi seoses erivajadustega. Valimisse kuuluvad kahe ülikooli 218 üliõpilast, kes lugesid erivajadusi käsitlevaid raamatuid ja kirjutasid selle põhjal temaatilise essee. Esseede analüüsimisel kombineeritakse induktiivset sisuanalüüsi ja konfiguratsioonilist sagedusanalüüsi. Rühma keskmiste tulemuste tasandil ilmneb, et üliõpilased kirjeldavad intellekti- ja liikumispuudeid mitmekesiselt, seevastu omi kogemusi käitumishäirete ja düsleksiaga väljendavad nad ühekülgsemalt. Indiviiditasandi analüüsidest nähtub, et liikumispuude mitmekülgsem kirjeldus võib tuleneda üliõpilaste kogemusest selle erivajadusega. Uurimistulemustest selgub ka, et oodatust rohkem on neid üliõpilasi, kes kirjeldavad ühelaadselt autismiga seotud emotsioone. Et kaasava hariduse idee rakenduks kooliharidussüsteemis, on oluline kujundada tulevaste õpetajate arusaamu, pöörates õpetajakoolituses sellele varasemast suuremat tähelepanu.
 Summary
Learning in outcome based education – does it lead to student engagement?
Authors: Kumpas-Lenk Kaija , Eisenschmidt Eve , Rumma Kirsti
Published: October 2017

Artikli aluseks oleva kvantitatiivse uuringu eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuidas üliõpilased ja õppejõud hindavad väljundipõhise õppe rakendumist õpiväljundite omandamist toetavate komponentide toel. Kuue Eesti kõrgkooli üliõpilaste (n = 1329) ja õppejõudude (n = 94) hinnangutest selgub, et õpiväljundite arusaadavus, õpikeskkond, õppematerjalid, sooritatud tööd, hindamisülesanded, tagasiside, tööde maht, õpetamine, õppijate motivatsioon ja rahulolu toetavad õpiväljundite saavutamist. Samas ilmneb uuringust, et üliõpilased ei panusta ise õppetöösse piisavalt ning ei ole kaasatud õppeprotsessi. Õppetöösse panustamist iseloomustavad peamiselt õppimisse kaasatuse, õppijate motivatsiooni ja tööde mahu tulemused. Õppimisse kaasatust ennustavad enamasti õppimisse panustamise, õppijate motivatsiooni ja rahulolu tulemused. Õppejõudude ja üliõpilaste hinnangud enamiku õpiväljundite omandamist toetavate komponentide kohta oluliselt ei erinenud, v.a hindamisülesannete, õppija motivatsiooni ja kursusega rahulolu puhul. Tulemused näitavad, et senisest enam on vaja toetada õppijaid aktiivse rolli ning vastutuse võtmisel.
 Summary
Evolution of Labrador Sea–Baffin Bay: Plate or Plume Processes?
Authors: Peace Alexander Lewis , Foulger Gillian R. , Schiffer Christian , McCaffrey Ken J.W.
Published: October 2017

Breakup between Greenland and Canada resulted in oceanic spreading in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. These ocean basins are connected through the Davis Strait, a bathymetric high comprising primarily continental lithosphere, and the focus of the West Greenland Tertiary volcanic province. It has been suggested that a mantle plume facilitated this breakup and generated the associated magmatism. Plume-driven breakup predicts that the earliest, most extensive rifting, magmatism and initial seafloor spreading starts in the same locality, where the postulated plume impinged. Observations from the Labrador Sea–Baffin Bay area do not accord with these predictions. Thus, the plume hypothesis is not confirmed at this locality unless major ad hoc variants are accepted. A model that fits the observations better involves a thick continental lithospheric keel of orogenic origin beneath the Davis Strait that blocked the northward-propagating Labrador Sea rift resulting in locally enhanced magmatism. The Davis Strait lithosphere was thicker and more resilient to rifting because the adjacent Paleoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian and Torngat orogenic belts contain structures unfavourably orientated with respect to the extensional stress field at the time.RÉSUMÉLa cassure entre le Groenland et le Canada a entraîné une expansion océanique de la mer du Labrador et de la baie de Baffin. Ces bassins océaniques sont reliés par le détroit de Davis, un haut bathymétrique constitué principalement de lithosphère continentale et de la province volcanique tertiaire de l'ouest du Groenland. Il a été suggéré qu'un panache du manteau a facilité cette cassure et généré le magmatisme associé. L’hypothèse d’une cassure produite par panache du manteau prédit que la première distension océanique, la plus importante, le magmatisme et l'expansion océanique initial se produisent là où le panache mantélique touche la croûte continentale. Or les observations dans la région de la mer du Labrador–baie de Baffin ne correspondent pas à ces prédictions. Et donc l'hypothèse du panache ne fonctionne pas dans cette région à moins que des facteurs ad hoc déterminants ne soient présents. Un modèle qui correspond mieux aux observations présuppose la présence d’une épaisse quille lithosphérique continentale d'origine orogénique sous le détroit de Davis qui aurait bloqué l’expansion océanique de la mer du Labrador vers le nord, ce qui aurait provoqué une augmentation du magmatisme localement. La lithosphère du détroit de Davis était plus épaisse et plus résistante à l’expansion océanique parce que les bandes orogéniques paléoprotérozoïques du Nagssugtoqidian et de Torngat renferment des structures défavorablement orientées par rapport au champ de contraintes d’extensions de l'époque.
Experiences, thoughts and challenges of participant observation
Authors: Mudokwenyu-Rawdon Christina , Danda Grace , Dube Kushupika , Bedwell Carol , Dube Peggy
Published: October 2017

Background:

Reflective diaries have often been used to record personal feelings, emotions, facts, challenges and experiences. In midwifery, these notes can then be used as a data source for reflective assessment.

Aims:

To reflect on the experiences and challenges recorded by participant researchers during data collection for an observational study of midwives' practices on prevention of peripartum sepsis.

Methods:

As per the theory of participant observation, three novice research midwives joined a group of midwives being used as a sample for the observational study. These participant researchers kept reflective diaries in order to self-assess conscious responses to the environments in which data was collected. Their responses were subjected to content analysis, and five themes identified.

Findings:

This study demonstrated that a reflective diary can be used as a tool in research to form a basis for self-development to improve practice.

Conclusions:

Reflection promoted critical thinking and confidence building among novice researchers, although mentors were also required for support and guidance.
Knowledge and practice of birth preparedness among women of child bearing age in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Cheptum Joyce , Omoni Grace , Mirie Waithira
Published: October 2017

Background:

Birth preparedness is a strategy that has been found to ensure readiness for birth and prevent obstetric delays. It is hindered, however, by lack of knowledge, cultural taboos and lack of finances.

Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which aimed to establish the knowledge and practice of birth preparedness among antenatal mothers attending public health facilities in Migori County, Kenya. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions. A total of 389 women were interviewed in four randomly selected facilities. Data analysis was carried out and P-values reported. Content analysis was conducted for the qualitative data and reported in form of narration.

Findings:

The knowledge on birth preparedness was low (53%) and the respondents were unaware of its key concepts. Marital status (P=0.003), residence (P=<0.001), unemployment (P=0.001) and the partner's level of education (P=0.001) affected birth preparedness knowledge. Favourable birth preparedness practices were seen in 56% of participants. Marital status (P=0.05), residence (P=<0.001), partner's education, and health facility (P=<0.001) affected birth preparedness.

Conclusions:

More emphasis should be made on the key concepts of birth preparedness during health education. Effort should also be made to improve its practice.
Respectful midwifery care in Malawi: A human rights-based approach
Authors: Geddes Jane , Humphrey Tracy , Wallace Rebecca MM
Published: October 2017

Background:

A priority in Malawi over the past 15 years has been to improve women's access to skilled birth attendants by training and educating more midwives, and encouraging women to deliver in health facilities. However, women's choices in accessing skilled birth attendance have been negatively impacted by the treatment they receive from their care provider.

Aims:

To design and pilot a training module for clinical midwives in the promotion of respectful maternity care, and to demonstrate to participants the link between human rights and maternal health care, showing how a human rights based approach may improve the experiences of patients and care providers.

Methods:

The training programme was devised jointly by an interdisciplinary team from midwifery and law. Relevant materials were devised and grafted onto the programme already delivered in Malawi by the Scottish team under the auspices of the Scottish Universities and the Malawian Ministry of Health partnership. These materials were then piloted in Malawi with a group of 40 midwives and managers. The materials were delivered by presentation, discussion and case studies.

Findings:

Participants were invited to provide anonymised free text quotes on completion of the training. The data gathered indicated an appetite for learning about respectful maternity care. Cognisance has been given to the feedback received from the facilitators.

Conclusions:

The success of the pilot has led to funding being secured for a larger trial, where the impact of the approach may be more comprehensively measured.
International research roundup
Authors: Newman Lauren
Published: October 2017

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles from around the world that may be of interest to midwives is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Hello, can you hear us?
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: October 2017

Do you feel like you are standing on the shoulders of giants, or do you feel like there is a someone or something that is towering above us and bellowing instructions, when all we need is for them to listen?
Trainee teachers really can be change agents
Authors: Laxton Debra
Published: October 2017

The decision to make Early Years Initial Teacher Training available to all graduates was the right one, it is a person's ability and motivation to learn, lead and inspire that makes the difference, as these stories show.
Creating a powerful potion: science in the early years
Authors: Whyte Emily
Published: October 2017

Regular exposure to science is something that all early years educators can support on a daily basis because it is all about giving young children the headspace and the freedom to explore and observe.
Why we need to promote the artist in every child
Authors: Day Louise
Published: October 2017

Expressive arts and design is an ‘area of learning’, but what does ‘being creative’ mean, and is the way art is approached in our settings really the best way to promote active artistic thought in our children?
Recruitment crisis is already here
Authors: Verrill Jo
Published: October 2017

Sector-wide, research estimates that there are currently 24,600 situations vacant. With settings finding these hard to fill, the government needs to act before there is a shortage of available childcare places.
Taking a stand for your business
Authors: McArthur Ken
Published: October 2017

The 30-hour entitlement has been a chaotic project from day one, from the rushed pre-election announcement to the consultation and roll-out, it seems the only person who can truly ‘help you’ is you.
Assessment and accountability
Authors: Lawson Deborah
Published: October 2017

While there is recognition in the sector of a need for a fair and transparent accountability system to measure attainment and progress, the introduction of a baseline assessment is not the answer.
Finding out their identity
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: October 2017

Children of pre-school age are thought to ask around 150,000 a year, but which questions do they ask and what are they for? This is the second article in our new series; this month we focus on ‘who’.
Life at the sharp end
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: October 2017

Sal McKeown finds out how funding cuts since 2015 have affected the way schools make efficiency savings, and looks at the implications for staffing in the future.
Pioneers of big ideas
Authors: Davis John
Published: October 2017

John Davis focuses on the work of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, outlining what pupils need to understand about gravity, motion, dynamics and the action of forces.
Laying down the law
Authors: Davis John
Published: October 2017

John Davies outlines the theories which are fundamental to basic scientific understanding and suggests practical activities to test how they work.
The narrative’s ‘general truth’: Authenticity and the mediation of violence in Barbary captivity narratives
Authors: Papadopoulou Nikoletta
Published: October 2017

With the end of the American Revolution and as British treaties no longer sheltered American vessels in the Mediterranean, Barbary pirates captured a series of US ships and individuals, exacting ransom and tributes for captives. These captures also initiated a proliferation of narratives regarding the north African region that were produced and reproduced as being ‘authentic’, without necessarily adhering to any actual events or lived experiences. Drawing from both actual as well as fictional accounts of the period, this article explores how images of violent encounters with the Muslim Orient were produced, borrowed and reconstructed within the American literary and national landscape. In this respect, this article seeks to address the artificiality of these narratives, where the production of a ‘general truth’ (as the editors of The Narrative of Robert Adams defined it), is more essential than the account’s adherence to factuality. At the same time, this article explores the manner with which representations of violence by ‘merciless Barbarians’, although referring to acts of immediate violence and calling for an immediate response, were also heavily mediated both in their production and consumption, contributing in this manner to the ideological processes of constructing new ‘imagined communities’ in the American post-revolutionary nation.
Beyond the myth of violence: Negativity, experience and identity in the early American novel
Authors: Dorotte Juliette
Published: October 2017

Although the pervasiveness and prevalence of violence in American culture has been fairly commented upon in the last decades, the specific way American novels embrace this theme has not yet been fully explored. Indeed, the common preconception that violence is an objective, recognizable phenomenon has limited one’s understanding of the original and radical manner early American novels in particular deal with this motif. This article argues that the first novels published in the United States challenge familiar notions and preconceptions, as their reflection on the negativity of all experience and on the rhizomatic nature of violence calls for a redefinition of nation, self, and of the principles of artistic creation.
Reviews
Authors: Garland Sarah , Mahdi Waleed F. , Schlag Juliane , Kroll Matthew L. , Jones David C. , Schmidt Peter , Davies Ben , Warner Simon , Arnold Wayne E.
Published: October 2017

Daguerreotypes: Fugitive Subjects, Contemporary Objects, Lisa Saltzman (2015) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 232 pp., 48 b/w illustrations, ISBN: 9780226242170, e/bk, £29.40, ISBN: 9780226242033, h/bk, £26.50

Constructing Identity in Iranian-American Self-Narrative, Maria D. Wagenknecht (2015) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 217 pp., ISBN: 9781137479617, h/bk, $95

Never Alone, Kisima Ingitchuna (2014) Upper One Games, Anchorage, Alaska, and E-Line Media, New York, £3.99

Crisis and the US Avant-Garde: Poetry and Real Politics, Ben Hickman (2015) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 208 pp., ISBN-13: 9780748682850, h/bk, £70.00

African American Travel Narratives from Abroad: Mobility and Cultural Work in the Age of Jim Crow, Gary Totten (2015) Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 172 pp., ISBN: 9781625341617, p/bk, $26.95

Eudora Welty’s Fiction and Photography: The Body of the Other Woman, Harriet Pollack (2016) Athens: University of Georgia Press, 284 pp., 62 images, ISBN: 9780820348704, h/bk, $49.95

Time, Tense, and American Literature: When Is Now?, Cindy Weinstein (2015) New York: Cambridge University Press, 194 pp., ISBN: 9781107099876, h/bk, £72

Just Around Midnight: Rock and Roll and the Racial Imagination, Jack Hamilton (2016) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 340 pp., ISBN: 9780674416598, h/bk, $29.95, £23.95, 27.00

The Roots of Urban Renaissance: Gentrification and the Struggle over Harlem, Brian D. Goldstein (2017) Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 383 pp., ISBN-13: 9780674971509, h/bk, $39.95
What’s in a name? Revealing the works of eponymous writers through the street signs of a post-war Tyneside public housing estate, in a collaborative visual art project with residents
Authors: Hunter Garry
Published: October 2017

Municipal policy in post-war Britain included dedicating streets to noted individuals, many of whom are much less familiar to the people who now live on the neglected housing estates that still bear these names. Returning to Biddick Hall on the edge of South Shields after a 30-year absence, I wanted to celebrate not only the socially engaged writers embedded there by town planners, but open up current residents to a collaborative visual arts project. People could express their own hopes by choosing quotes by these writers that resonated with their lives today. In a shipping container re-appropriated as a photographic studio, participants were invited to bring an object that symbolized a personal passion of their own, to be included in a portrait that would then have their selected quote embedded in the final output. A total of 60 pieces were co-created with people who have strong connections with the estate, printed on birch and mounted on a wooden frame in the container, alongside objects brought by visitors. The results meld poetry within a visual art and votive tradition, that enabled residents’ own creative ideas to flourish, as their interpretations brought more than was asked, in an immersive project that values and celebrates their contributions.
Defining praxis in social engagement
Authors: Sánchez-Camus R. M.
Published: October 2017

This article contributes a practitioner’s perspective on social art practice, focusing on redefining approaches to evaluation by taking into consideration a critical perspective on the work. Through compared findings from the Creative People and Places conference in the United Kingdom and the Open Engagement conference in the United States, the research determines how artists’ voices are being represented. Citing Cedric and Littlewood’s Fun Palaces, the article offers social art practice as a bridge between established notions of arts practice and the communities who could benefit from a redefining of art’s purpose. A new co-created evaluation proposal between artists and programmers is offered as a development in the language around social art practice and its impact.
M for MAN RAY
Authors: Blackburn Philip
Published: October 2017

How Mama met Dada. A double image, a double identity; an enigmatic face as a two-source interference pattern in a ripple tank. A furry moire and a radiant gaze (Man rays? Fay rays?);a coy wave, a fetching hat,constructed and destroyed, disguised and revealed, depending on your perspective.

‘Lovingly Rrose Selavy alias Marcel Duchamp,’ 1921, by Man Ray.
N for NUDE BY THE WATERFALL
Authors: Banz Stefan
Published: October 2017

In 1917, at the first exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists at the Grand Central Palace in New York, Marcel Duchamp was so fascinated by the paintings of Louis Michel Eilshemius that he not only told all his friends about his discovery but also organized, some time later and together with Katherine S. Dreier, Eilshemius’s first two solo exhibitions in a public institution – the meanwhile legendary Société Anonyme.

In his comprehensively researched and excitingly written study, Stefan Banz examines the question – and is the first author ever to have done so – as to why Duchamp was so passionately interested in this eccentric outsider of the New York art scene and as to whether and to what extent this enthusiasm also had an influence on his own work as an artist.

Stefan Banz’s researches uncover astonishing facts that not only underscore how great and underestimated Eilshemius was but also how strongly Duchamp had been influenced by this relatively unknown artist when creating such famous works as his Élevage de poussière or Étantdonnés.
A for ANAGRAM
Authors: Rosa Rodrigo Rey , Rutzendorfer Marlene
Published: October 2017

Rey Rosa worked on arranging the letters in Marcel Duchamp’s full title of Etant donnes: 1. La Chute d’eau 2. Le gaz d’eclairage and came up with possible sollutions for the riddle. [sic]