bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actively Searching: Inverse Design of Novel Molecules with Simultaneously Optimized Properties
Authors: Iovanac Nicolae C. , MacKnight Robert , Savoie Brett
Published: May 2021

Combining quantum chemistry characterizations with generative machine learning models has the potential to accelerate molecular searches in chemical space. In this paradigm, quantum chemistry acts as a relatively cost-effective oracle for evaluating the properties of particular molecules while generative models provide a means of sampling chemical space based on learned structure-function relationships. For practical applications, multiple potentially orthogonal properties must be optimized in tandem during a discovery workflow. This carries additional difficulties associated with specificity of the targets and the ability for the model to reconcile all properties simultaneously. Here we demonstrate an active learning approach to improve the performance of multi-target generative chemical models. We first demonstrate the effectiveness of a set of baseline models trained on single property prediction tasks in generating novel compounds with various property targets, including both interpolative and extrapolative generation scenarios. For property ranges where accurate targeting proves difficult, the novel compounds suggested by the model are characterized using quantum chemistry to obtain the true values, and these new molecules closest to expressing the desired properties are fed back into the generative model for additional training. This gradually improves the generative models’ understanding of unknown areas of chemical space and shifts the distribution of generated compounds towards the targeted values. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of this active learning approach in generating compounds with multiple chemical constraints, including vertical ionization potential, electron affinity, and dipole moment targets, and validate the results at the B97X-D3/def2-TZVP level. This method requires no modifications to extant generative approaches, but rather utilizes their inherent generative and predictive aspects for self-refinement, and can be applied to situations where any number of properties with varying degrees of correlation must be optimized simultaneously.
A Deep Generative Model Enables Automated Structure Elucidation of Novel Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Skinnider Michael , Wang Fei , Pasin Daniel , Greiner Russell , Foster Leonard , Dalsgaard Petur , Wishart David S.
Published: May 2021

Over the past decade, the illicit drug market has been reshaped by the proliferation of clandestinely produced designer drugs. These agents, referred to as new psychoactive substances (NPSs), are designed to mimic the physiological actions of better-known drugs of abuse while skirting drug control laws. The public health burden of NPS abuse obliges toxicological, police, and customs laboratories to screen for them in law enforcement seizures and biological samples. However, the identification of emerging NPSs is challenging due to the chemical diversity of these substances and the fleeting nature of their appearance on the illicit market. Here, we present DarkNPS, a deep learning-enabled approach to automatically elucidate the structures of unidentified designer drugs using only mass spectrometric data. Our method employs a deep generative model to learn a statistical probability distribution over unobserved structures, which we term the structural prior. We show that the structural prior allows DarkNPS to elucidate the exact chemical structure of an unidentified NPS with an accuracy of 51%, and a top-10 accuracy of 78%. Our generative approach has the potential to enable de novo structure elucidation for other types of small molecules that are routinely analyzed by mass spectrometry.
A review of the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Eurycoma longifolia
Authors: Insanu M  , Pratiwi S N E  , Fidrianny I
Published: May 2021

Eurycoma longifolia belongs to Simaroubaceae family. It is a tall tree and has different local name from many countries and this review consisted of their traditional usage, phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activity. A systematic review was conducted to study the scientific work of E. longifolia which published in the last 10 years and minimum 20 articles that published in the last 2 years, published in Pubmed, Scopus etc. also has a digital object identifier (DOI). E. longifolia was a popular traditional medicine. The leaves wasused as supplement for giving birth, its bark as anthelmintic and its roots as antimalaria, laxative, antidiabetic etc.Due to high demand of this plant there are various formula of E. longifolia available in health food market. Many studies have been performed to determine the active constituents and pharmacology activities of E. longifolia.  Alkaloid, quassinoid, polyphenols, flavonoid, polysaccharide, triterpenoid were found in E. longifolia.  Quassinoids is a major phytochemical compound in E. longifolia which has various types like eurycumanone, eurycomanol, eurycomadilactone and eurylactone. Quassinoids has bitter taste and often found in Simaroubaceae family.Pharmacological activities of E. longifolia such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic activities. The literature review results showed that E. longifolia can be considered as medicinal plant for human. In the future, further studies on mechanism of pharmacology activity of E. longifolia are warranted.
Nuclear Escalation in a Taiwan Strait Crisis?
Authors: Ayson Robert
Published: May 2021

No description supplied
ANÁLISE DOS SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS NA PAISAGEM SEMIÁRIDA DA BACIA DO RIACHO SÃO JOSÉ, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Chaves Ana Maria Severo , Vieira Alexandre Gomes Teixeira , França Elaynne Mirele Sabino de , Santos Evandro José dos , Teixeira Gisele Dos Santos Silva , Silva Josefa Inayara dos Santos , Melo e Souza Rosemeri
Published: May 2021

O semiárido compreende dinâmica singular representada pela capacidade adaptativa da vegetação e prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos (SE) que, direto e indiretamente, proporciona bem-estar à humanidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi identificar a prestação dos serviços ecossistêmicos na paisagem semiárida da Bacia do Riacho São José em Pernambuco de acordo com as diferentes classes de cobertura da Terra. A metodologia está baseada nas orientações técnicas da Classificação Internacional Comum de Serviços de Ecossistemas, trabalho de campo, sistemas de informações geográficas e plataforma RAW Graphs. Tais procedimentos permitiram identificar 51 SE, dos quais 22 são de provimento, 19 com função de regulação e manutenção e 10 de natureza cultural. Assim, a identificação dos SE na bacia compreende indicadores que devem nortear o planejamento ambiental e a gestão sustentável das Terras.
Anion exchange extraction of tallium (III) and mercury (II) complex salts and application of the procedure to extraction-photometric determination of the microquantities of mercury (II)
Authors: Matveichuk Yu. V.
Published: May 2021

The goal is to study the anion-exchange extraction of complex thallium (III) and mercury (II) halides (chlorides, bromides, iodides) by a method of a competing intermediate ion using the anions of various dyes — methyl orange, sodium picrate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, methyl red. Mercury (II) and thallium (III) are poisons of high toxicity. The developed method was used to study the anion-exchange extraction of acidocomplexes A solution of methyl orange trinonyloctadecylammonium (TNODA) in toluene was used as an extractant. The method provides determination of mercury (II) with an accuracy of ±2% when the concentration in the initial solution ranges within 2 – 8 × 10–8 mol/liter. It is shown that the values of the exchange constants for the same metal are larger for iodide complexes than for bromide and chloride ones. The extractability of metal halide complexes is mainly determined by their mass. Anions with a large mass have a large surface area, a low charge density, and are weakly hydrated, and thus are better extracted. The results of anion-exchange extraction were used to develop a procedure for the extraction-photometric determination of mercury (II) in granosan (ethylmercury chloride a prohibited insectofungicide of the 1st hazard class) the illegal use and storage of which could be a source of mercury pollution of groundwater in a number of regions of the Republic of Belarus. The relative error of determination does not exceed ±2%.
Algorithms for descent along nodal straight lines in the problem of estimating regression equations using the least absolute deviations method
Authors: Tyrsin A. N.
Published: May 2021

A problem of estimating linear regression equations by the least absolute deviations method is considered. The exact methods of implementation of the method are significantly inferior in performance to the least square method. The fastest algorithm based on coordinate descent along nodal straight lines has a computational complexity proportional to the square of the number of observations, which limits the practical application of the method to monitoring and diagnostic tasks. The goal of the study is to describe a faster version of the descent along the nodal straight lines, as well as to evaluate the performance. Reduction of the computational costs is achieved due to the fact that instead of calculating the values of the objective function at nodal points, we find the derivative of the objective function in the vicinity of these points along the nodal line. The computational efficiency of gradient descent along nodal straight lines is estimated. For a typical computer, a comparative analysis of the average calculation time for various algorithms of descent along nodal straight lines is performed. A simple example is given to illustrate the implementation of a gradient descent procedure. Along with reduction of the computational costs, we also eliminated the possibility of accumulating computational errors when determining the values of the objective function for large samples. Moreover, gradient descent is quite simple for implementation. This makes it possible to use the method of least absolute deviations as an alternative to the least square method in various practical applications.
THE HUMAN BODY BECOMING THE TERRORIST'S WEAPON: THE PHENOMENON OF SUICIDE TERRORISM
Authors: ERENEL Fahri , NİĞDELİOĞLU HAPPANİ Nuriye
Published: May 2021

Suicide terrorism, which has been prominent for generations by pro-violent non-state actors, is used by terrorist groups, guerrilla groups and insurgents. Particularly in the post-Cold War period, the human body has become the main object of terrorist activity. The suicide bomber has been used in a variety of ways throughout history, the preferred choices varied according to the aims of the attackers. Suicide bombers can walk to their destination using a suicide belt, explode their own bodies using different vehicles or public transport. Especially in the occupied territories of the Middle East, the possibility of reaching a paradise that offers a better life by humiliating both their religion and themselves is the last task that gives hope for many suicide bombers. According to research by Adam Fosson, the request of a Palestinian child who wants to become a martyr is almost the same as an American child who wants to visit Disneyland.
Method of Defining the Parameters for UAV Point Cloud Classification Algorithm
Authors: NGOC QUY Bui , DINH HIEN Le , QUOC LONG Nguyen , SI SON Tong , ANH QUAN Duong , VAN HIEP Pham , THANH HAI Phan , THI LAN Pham
Published: May 2021

Image data from Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has been studied and used extensively for establishing maps. The process of UAV data provides three main products including (Digital Surface Model) DSM, Point cloud and Ortho-photos, in which point cloud is a valuable data source in building 3D models and topographic surfaces as well. However, processing point cloud separately to achieve secondary products has not been received much attention from researchers. This study determines parameters to develop a method for classifying point cloud data constructed from UAV images. Consequently, A 3D surface of the ground is built by applying a developed algorithm for the point cloud data for an open-pit mine. The temporal or non-ground objects such as trees, houses, vehicles are automatically subtracted from the point cloud by the algorithms.  According to this line, it is possible to calculate and analyze the amount of reserves, the exploited volume to evaluate the efficiency for each mine during operation with the support of UAV integrated camera.
The Dynamic of Insect Population Succession in Bird Poisoned by Pyrethroid Insecticides
Authors: Falikhul Musyaffa' Muhammad , Soviana Susi , Budi Retnani Elok
Published: May 2021

Insecticide poisoning is one of the causes of death in wild birds. One of the insecticides that are often used is a pyrethroid. This study aims to determine the succession of insects in birds intoxicated by pyrethroid pesticide. This research was conducted in Dramaga campus, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. One quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was used as a control which was killed by manual neck dislocation, and one bird was treated orally treated with acute dose pyrethroid pesticide. Cadavers are placed in insect traps until they reach the skeletal stage of decomposition. Insects that enter the trap are collected every 6 hours for 24 hours, from the first day until the whole process of decomposition of the carrion reaches the skeletal stage. Then the insects are identified and counted. The results showed that the cadaver decomposition process in the treatment group took longer than the control group. In the control group, insects arrived for approximately 138 hours after the cadaver was placed, while the treatment group took approximately 324 hours. The types of insects in these two groups are relatively the same, namely flies (Order Diptera: Calliphoridae, Muscidae), cockroaches (Order Dictyoptera: Blattidae and Blaberidae) and Sarcophagidae), beetles (Order Coleoptera: Scarabidae), ants (Order Hymenoptera: Formicidae), earwigs (Order Dermaptera: Anisolabididae). Chrysomya megachepala was the dominant insect over the others and was always present from the early stages to post-decay in control and pyrethroid treatment.
Ingredients of Active Compounds and Anti-Diabetic Test of Water Extract of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr. On Wistar Rats
Authors: Puetri Nona Rahmaida , Marleta Dewi Rita , Sahrul  , Yasir  , Annasri Munawir
Published: May 2021

Leaves of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is one of the plants found in Aceh. This study aims to determine the effect of giving water extract of Lannea coromandellica (Houtt.) Merr. against STZ-induced blood sugar levels of wistar rats. The experimental study used a sample of 25 male and 15 female Wistar rats. This research is experimental with a sample of 25 male and 15 female of Wistar rats. The treatments were given, namely negative control (aquades), positive control (metformin), 50 mg EALC, 100 mg EALC, and 150 mg EALC. The data obtained will be analyzed by using the Kruskal Wallis test to obtain the effectiveness of the treatment and also a descriptive analysis for the average reduction in blood glucose levels. Macro and histological observations were also carried out on the liver and pancreas. The results obtained from the Kruskal Wallis test results showed that there was no effect of EALC on changes in the decrease in blood glucose levels of wistar rats for 14 days of treatment. Observation of the macro organs showed pancreas had a changes. While the histological observations pancreas and liver showed changes. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of EALC is not proven to have an effect, this is presumably because the extract concentration is too small so it is not enough to work optimally. Phytochemical test shows that EALC contains flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, saponins and alkaloids.
hCG Priming Before Ovary Collection Increasing The Oocyte Quality In The Domestic Cat
Authors: Mardatillah Karisma , Widyastuti Rini , Pristihadi Diah Nugrahani , Wahyudin  , Prastowo Sigit , Gunawan Asep , Boediono Arief
Published: May 2021

Oocyte competence is a determining factor that influences the embryo development. Embryos produced in vitro have a reduced developmental competence than embryos produced in vivo. Therefore, human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) injection was carried out to improve the quality of the oocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ovarian stimulation with hCG before ovary collection on oocyte quality in the domestic cat. Oocyte donors were either 1) treated with a single dose of 200 IU hCG four days before ovary collection (hCG group), or, 2) no treatment before ovary collection (control group). The oocytes were collected by the slicing method. Immature cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) from both groups were pooled and matured in vitro for 24-26 hours. Then mature oocytes were fertilized with epididymal sperm and cultured in vitro for seven days. The results study showed that the number of the dominant follicle (DF) and the number of COCs in the hCG group was higher than the control group in right and left ovaries (p<0.05). The morulae and blastocyst rates from cleavage embryos were 88% and 75%, respectively. These results demonstrate that hCG priming of oocytes donors before ovary collection improve oocyte quality.
The The Effect of Age and Breed on The Quality of Bull Semen in The Regional Artificial Insemination Centre
Authors: Agung Budiyanto  , Makruf Arif  , Mandala Phivi Whelma Alfons  , Rifia Tiara Fani  , Ardian Faiz Hafid  , Brian Wicaksono  , Kharisma Mutiara Insani  , Migi Herdinta
Published: May 2021

The success of beef cattle reproduction development in Indonesia very much depends on the quality of the semen produced by the Indonesian Institute for Artificial Insemination. Good quality bull will benefit farmers, frozen semen producers, and the country in large. This study aimed to determine effect of age and breed on the libido and quality of bull semen collected in the Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC). This study used PO, Simmental, and Brahman Bull in RAIC Yogyakarta, with a total amount of 15, aged 4-7 years old. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, semen evaluation used a spectrophotometer, and eosin-nigrosin staining method used for sperm viability and abnormalities examination. The result of this study indicated that bull breed did not affect the libido value and the semen quality of bulls (P>0,05). Volume, concentration, motility, and viability in various age groups did not show significant differences (P>0,05), but age groups had a significant effect on sperm abnormalities (P<0,05). The group of bulls aged 5-6 years showed the best quality compared to other groups, with the volume 4,58 ± 1,37 ml, concentration 1,91 ± 0,36 x109/ml, motility 3,80 ± 1,30, viability 89.83 ± 10.69%, and sperm abnormalities 2.51 ± 0.81%. It can be concluded that breed did not affect the bull libido and semen quality, while age had an effect on bull sperm abnormalities.
Distribution and The Habitat Characteristics of Anopheles vagus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae at Paddy Fields in The Vicinity of Dramaga IPB University Campus Dramaga Bogor West Java
Authors: Dimas Novianto  , Alya Syifa , Kesumawati Hadi Upik , Soviana Susi
Published: May 2021

Dramaga sub-district is an area that has rice fields close to buffalo stalls and a population of wild Macaca fascicularis as natural hosts for several species of Plasmodium. This causes the Dramaga sub-district to become a potential vector habitat for malaria, including Anopheles vagus. This study aims to analyze distribution of An. vagus larval stage in 4 villages (Cikarawang, Babakan, Margajaya, and Ciherang) in Dramaga subdistrict which have paddy field areas. Larvae were collected using a dipper, and each collection sites of the larvae habitat were marked using Global Positioning System. The physical characteristics of the water habitat measured were temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of the water. Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the number of larvae An. vagus with each of the parameters water physical characteristics. The results of this study obtained 309 An. vagus larvae from the 27 collection points. Larvae of An. vagus was found in 3 villages (i.e. Cikarawang, Babakan and Ciherang), but was not found in Margajaya village. The habitat characteristics of An. vagus in paddy fields showed a water temperature of 26.6-31.7oC, pH 6.40-8.10, the total dissolved solid 36-285 ppm, and the electrical conductivity 72-262 μm/cm. The Pearsons correlation test results did not show a significant difference between the number of An. vagus larvae and each parameter (r= -0.26, 0.13, -0.15 and -0.16, respectively). The presence of An. vagus in this area could be considered in malaria vector control programs.
Preliminary Study: Detection of Ecto and Endoparasites Among Wild Rats From Urban Area in Blimbing, Malang, East Java
Authors: Kusuma Shelly , Yesica Reza , Bagus Gde Rama Wisesa Ida , Hermanto Jenny , Nurholizah Yustia , Widyaneni Trinastuti Maria
Published: May 2021

Zoonotic parasitic infections is one of the global public health issues. The complex parasite transmission allows for the relationship between people, animals, vectors, and the environment. The existence of rat in the environment has an important role as a host and reservoir for various types of ecto and endoparasites. This study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rats in Blimbing sub-district, Malang city, East Java. A total number of eight wild rat were captured using live-traps from landfills during 4 days. They were classified by sex, weight and body length. The rats were anesthetized, collecting for any ectoparasites and then their carcasses were dissected for examinations of endoparasites. The result of this study show succesfull live-trap of rodents including Rattus norvegicus (87.5%) and Suncus murinus (12.5%). 50% of sampled rodents were male, 37.5% were female, and 12.5% of female the musk shrew. The presence of helminthes infection in all wild rats, namely Hymenolopis nana, Syphacia obvelata, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Furthermore, the ectoparasites identification were Xenopsylla cheopis, Echinolaelap echidninus, and blood protozoa identifications Trypanosoma lewisi. Based on the results show 100% of wild rats positive infections of endo-ectoparasites. This study indicates to continuous study among rodents’ parasites in wild rats in different urban areas and analysis of their potential impact on public health.
Konsentrasi IL-6 Serum terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pemasangan Implan Paduan Logam pada Babi (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Nabila Latifa Hafizsha  , Gunanti Gunanti , Noviana Deni , Widhyari Sus Derthi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran konsentrasi IL-6 serum pada fase akut dan kronis selama proses penyembuhan luka pasca pemasangan implan paduan logam pada vesika urinaria babi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 ekor babi jantan dan betina, usia 2-3 bulan, dengan bobot badan berkisar 25-30 kg yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok implan dan tiga waktu pengamatan. Implan logam yang digunakan adalah Zn-0.5Al sebagai kelompok I dan ZnMg(4x) sebagai kelompok II, sedangkan waktu pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 14, dan 28. Pemasangan implan dilakukan pada vesika urinaria (VU) menggunakan teknik cystotomi. Pengukuran konsentrasi IL-6 serum menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data dianalasis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada hari ke-0, implan Zn-0.5Al dan ZnMg(4x) berturut-turut adalah 1.38±2.40 pg/mL dan 0.10±0.17 pg/mL. Konsentrasi IL-6 hari ke-14 pada setiap implan terlihat mengalami penurunan dibandingkan pada hari ke-0, yaitu 0.74±1.29 pg/mL dan 0 pg/mL. Selanjutnya hari ke-28 konsentrasi IL-6 kembali mengalami penurunan, yaitu 0.32±0.35 pg/mL dan 0 pg/mL. Penurunan konsentrasi IL-6 dari fase akut ke fase kronis proses penyembuhan luka pada setiap kelompok implan tidak berbeda signifikan (P>0,05). Pemeriksaan serum pada babi (Sus scrofa) terhadap konsentrasi IL-6 kelompok perlakuan implan Zn-0,5Al dan ZnMg(4x) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) pada hari ke-0, 14, dan 28.
THE ROLE OF BAITUL MAAL WA TAMWIL IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY IN CIANJUR REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Authors: Jayengsari Reksa , Husaeni Uus Ahmad
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the role of BMT in poverty alleviation in the Cianjur Regency. The research method used quantitative data collection using a questionnaire from 100 BMT members and data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis. This article concludes that the poverty alleviation variable proxied by the income variable of BMT members is influenced by the real sector driving variable (providing financing) (t count 1.747, sig 0.045), business education to the community (t count 2.324, sig 0.006), Fund utilization Baitul Maal (t count 3,515, sig 0,000) and work motivation of members (t count 2,599, sig 0,000). Meanwhile, the variable of micro business empowerment/business assistance did not significantly affect the income of BMT members (t count -0.621, sig 0.536). Meanwhile, the R Square result is 0.643, which means that BMT members' variable income is influenced by the real sector driving variables, business education, fund utilization, work motivation, and business empowerment by 64.3 percent. In comparison, the remaining 35.7 percent is influenced by other variables. Thus, the conclusion of this study is members' perceptions of the existence and role of BMT in increasing community income to reduce poverty levels due to activities that are social, educational, and increase work motivation.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICY IN BOOSTING THE ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aspiranti Tasya , Nu’man A. Harits , Nugraha Yudha Dwi , Amaliah Ima , Mafruhat Ade Yunita
Published: May 2021

In building a successful Islamic Microfinance Institutions  (IMFIs) performance, many factors must be considered based on a multi-element point of view. This study aims to build key factors affecting IMFIs  performance using multi-perspective and multi-criteria methods. This study uses an analytic network process (ANP) to calculate the degree of influence given by the IMFIs performance criteria and factors. Primary and secondary data collection techniques are used to collect required data for this research. The primary data are collected through questionnaires and interviews. A purposive sampling technique to collect primary data is used to the 26 local BPRS, 11 BMT including on the islands of Java, Sumatra and Sulawesi as a three biggest island of Indonesia. The results of the study find, internal and external management aspects are  two main problems affecting IMFIs and five main solutions to increase their financing are  regulatory, management, institutions, competencies, and partnerships.
Clinical Characteristics and Number of Valve Lesion in Rheumatic Heart Disease Severity
Authors: Desita Saskia Ratna , Lefi Achmad , Rahman Mahrus , Oktaviono Yudi Her
Published: May 2021

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) occurs due to sequelae in the form of damage to the heart valves from the failure of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) therapy. Heart valve damage can cause various complications such as congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, endocarditis, which can cause death. The study aimed to assess the association between clinical characteristics and valve lesion and rheumatic heart disease severity. The study was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design of 73 patients with definite RHD from September 2019 to March 2020 in Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital. The majority of patients were female (80%, p=0.235) 30–39 years old (34%, p=0.157). The mean age was 42.08±12.16 years. The majority of patients have low socioeconomic status (78%, p=0.025) and rural dwelling location (70%, p=0.138) over three-quarters of patients living with more than four people in the same house (75%). Multivalvular lesions (90%, p=0.003) and severe RHD (77%) were present predominantly. In conclusion, low socioeconomic status and multivalvular lesions are associated with rheumatic heart disease severity. KARAKTERISTIK KLINIS DAN JUMLAH LESI KATUP PADA DERAJAT KEPARAHAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG REUMATIKPenyakit jantung reumatik (PJR) adalah penyakit yang terjadi akibat gejala sisa berupa kerusakan katup jantung dari kegagalan terapi demam reumatik akut (DRA). Kerusakan katup jantung pada PJR dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi seperti gagal jantung kongesti, aritmia, hipertensi pulmonal, atrial fibrilasi, dan endokarditis yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan karakteristik klinis dan jumlah lesi katup dengan derajat keparahan PJR. Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien yang terdiagnosis definitif PJR berdasar atas ekokardiografi pada bulan Sepetember 2019–Maret 2020 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Didapatkan 73 pasien sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan (80%; p=0,235), dengan kelompok usia 30–39  (34%; p=0,157). Usia rerata 42,08±12,16 tahun. Sebagian besar pasien berstatus sosial ekonomi rendah (78%, p=0,025) dan lokasi tinggal pedesaan (70%; p=0,138). Lebih dari tiga perempat pasien tinggal dengan ≤4 orang di satu atap (75%). Lesi multivalvular (90%; p=0,003) dan PJR berat (77%) ditemukan secara dominan. Simpulan, status sosial ekonomi rendah dan lesi katup multivalvular berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan penyakit jantung reumatik.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Air Kopi Robusta (Coffea Canephora) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Marsya Naura Mufida , Yuwono Hendro Sudjono , Haribudiman Oky
Published: May 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa umum ditemukan pada Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) dan menunjukkan resistensi pada banyak agen antimikrob yang umum. Kopi Robusta telah dipilih sebagai antibiotik alternatif karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak air kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran UNPAD periode Maret – Desember 2020. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah media agar diberi disk yang mengandung ekstrak air kopi robusta dalam 4 dosis, yaitu 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%, imipenem (kontrol positif), dan disk yang mengandung aquadest (kontrol negatif). Agar diinkubasi dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37ºC selama 24 jam. Penilaian dilakukan dengan pengamatan dan pengukuran zona inhibisi. Data hasil penelitian membuktikan zona inhibisi yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air kopi robusta pada dosis 100% memiliki rerata paling tinggi dibanding dengan dosis lainnya, yaitu 8,13 mm, namun lebih kecil dibanding dengan imipenem yang memiliki rerata zona inhibisi sebesar 25 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air kopi robusta memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial Activities of Robusta Coffee Water Extract (Coffea Canephora) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa BacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosa is common in Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and shows resistance to many common antimicrobial agents. Robusta coffee has been chosen as an alternative to antibiotics because of its antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) water extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was done in Laboratorium Mikrobiologi and Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran UNPAD period March – December 2020.The treatments given was agar plate that added Robusta coffee water extract (Coffea canephora) in 4 doses, namely 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, imipenem antibiotic disc (positive control), and disk containing aquadest (negative control). They were then incubated in an incubator at 37ºC for 24 hours. The assessment was carried out by observing and measuring the inhibition zone. The research data proved that the inhibition zone produced by robusta coffee water extract at a dose of 100% had the highest average compared to other doses, which is at 8.13 mm, but smaller than imipenem which had an average inhibition zone of 25 mm. This shows that robusta coffee water extract has an antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Tekanan Eksternal, Faktor Politik, Pengendalian Internal Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Dalam Meningkatkan Transparansi Pelaporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Basri Yesi Mutia , Zenita Vini , Rofika Rofika
Published: May 2021

This study aims to test and prove whether external pressures, political factors, internal control and leadership styles have an influence on financial reporting of local government transparency. This research was conducted in OPD Siak district. The total population was 33 DPOs, all DPOs were sampled. The data used are primary data with a questionnaire as an instrument. Purposive sampling as a sampling method. The number of samples is 99 respondents. Respondents in this study were selected with several criteria, namely: (1) echelon II, III, IV officials who work in the Siak Regency government, (2) have a minimum work experience of 1 year, (3) financial employees who have worked for at least 1 year , because it is considered that they have experience and already know the developments in the OPD in Siak Regency. Multiple linear regression as a data analysis technique and assisted by SPSS ver.20.0 for windows. The results prove that the political factors, internal control and leadership style variables have a positive effect on financial reporting transparency. The external pressure variable has a negative effect on financial reporting transparency. The results of this study are useful for developing insights and providing in-depth understanding relating to financial reporting transparency influenced by external pressures, political factors, internal control, and leadership styles. It is also hoped that it can become a reference material for comparison information for other studies that wish to discuss this issue, and it is hoped that it will become an alternative for the government in evaluating the transparency of financial reporting, especially local governments in Siak Regency.
Geração de Energia Elétrica
Authors: Lima Antonio Guilherme Garcia
Published: May 2021

A vida se tornou inviável sem a eletricidade, e sua falta paralisa indústrias, cidades, transportes, hospitais, escolas, telecomunicações, etc.
A energia elétrica possui características, que a diferencia das demais fontes de energia; ela não existe na natureza como o petróleo,
não pode ser armazenada na sua forma natural como a água, não pode ser transportada livremente pelo mundo em navios, mas pode-se transforma-la em todas as outras formas de energia. Por isso, de acordo com a Agência Internacional de Energia, ela cresce cerca de 2,1% ao ano e os investimentos previstos na geração de eletricidade no Brasil se aproximam de US$ 15 bilhões.[IEA, World Energy Investment Outlook, 2018, Tabela 1.1]. O carvão continuará sendo a fonte primária mais utilizada na sua geração, e as termelétricas a a tecnologia mais empregada. Contudo, as fontes renováveis deverão aumentar a participação para mitigarmos os danos ambientais. O Brasil se encontra entre os dez maiores geradores de eletricidade no mundo, possui a matriz mais limpa dentre este seleto grupo e possui o sistema de geração mais dependente das fontes renováveis. Dentro deste cenário, este livro reúne informações com crescente nível de detalhamento sobre todos os aspectos da Geração da Energia Elétrica.
A participação política dos cristãos
Authors: Andrade Paulo Fernando C. de
Published: May 2021

O ano de 1994 é particular na história política de nossa República. Nele ocorrerão eleições simultâneas para a Presidência, para 2/3 do Senado, assim como para a renovação de toda a Câmara de Deputados Federais. Em nível Estadual serão eleitos os Governadores e Deputados Estaduais...
Minority Women and Western Media (Challenging Representations and Articulating New Voices)
Authors: CHOPRA Tasneem , KHAN Imaan
Published: May 2021

Minority Women and Western Media explores the experience of intersectional
discrimination of minority women in media oultets over its seven chapters. The impact
of this collectively, is evidenced in case studies of unique, marginalising representations
of women of colour, including Muslim women and women with disabilities, manifesting
in sexism, racism and ableism. Maha Bashri and Sameera Ahmed have collated
perspectives that transcend borders and political agenda -all linked by a unifying thread
of challenging patriarchy and misogyny passing as authority.
MODEL OPTIMISASI UNTUK MASALAH MINIMISASI WAKTU PERJALANAN WISATA TUR-TUNGGAL DI DAERAH KEPULAUAN
Authors: Afifudin Mohammad Thezar , Sahar Dian Pratiwi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model optimasi penyelesaian masalah minimisasi waktu perjalanan wisata tur-tunggal di daerah kepulauan. Model dikembangkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan integer programming dan diformulasikan dalam bentuk non-linear. Faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan meliputi klaster pulau, rute dan jadwal keberangkatan di setiap titik koneksi, dan seleksi titik akomodasi. Validasi model dilakukan melalui percobaan numerikal untuk menguji konsistensi dan adaptabilitas nilai keluaran model terhadap perubahan parameter yang diberikan. Skenario percobaan direncanakan berdasarkan variasi hari keberangkatan dan maksimum waktu kover titik akomodasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki adaptabilitas dan konsisten terhadap perubahan parameter berdasarkan empat belas skenario yang diberikan.
KAJIAN DESAIN KAPAL PUKAT CINCIN YANG BERPANGKALAN DI PUSAT PENDARATAN IKAN DESA ERI KOTA MADYA AMBON
Authors: Metekohy Obed
Published: May 2021

Keselamatan nelayan dalam  melaut  untuk menangkap ikan adalah hal utama yang harus dipertimbangkan  bagi seorang desainer dalam rancang bangun kapal danalat tangkap sehingga operasional  penangkapan dapat dimaksimalkan untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan dan dapat menjamin keselamatan kapal, alat tangkap dan nelayan selama melakukan operasi penangkapan  di laut.Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meneliti desain kapal pukat cincin yang berpangkalan di PPI desa Eri Kota Madya Ambon.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik parameter desain koefisien bentuk kapal 30 % dan nilai perbandingan ukuran utama kapal 49 % belum memenuhi nilai standar rancang bangun kapal ikan. Sehingga kapal ini tidak aman untuk mengoperasikan peralatan tangkap jaring lingkar(purse seine).
HUBUNGAN NILAI ESTIMASI LAJU FILTRASI GLOMERULUS DENGAN KADAR ASAM URAT SERUM PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK NON DIALISIS DI RSUD DR. M. HAULUSSY AMBON PERIODE JANUARI 2019-MEI 2020
Authors: Pelupessy Thesia Eflien , Kusadhiani Indrawanti , Latuconsina Vina
Published: May 2021

Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) adalah suatu proses patofisiologi dengan etiologi beragam selama lebih dari 3 bulan yang mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif, dan pada umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Pada pasien PGK ekskresi asam urat menurun  seiring dengan memburuk fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG) dengan kadar asam urat serum pada pasien PGK non dialisis di RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy, Ambon. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Terdapat 64 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel diambil dari data rekam medis pasien PGK non dialisis di  RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Ambon dari Januari 2019 sampai Mei 2020.  Data di analisis dengan menggunakan uji Spearmen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis kelamin penderita PGK non dialisis yang paling banyak adalah laki-laki (60,9%). Kelompok usia mayoritas adalah 56-65 tahun yaitu sebanyak 27 orang (42,2%). Pada penelitian ini di dapatkan distribusi kadar asam urat serum berdasarkan eLFGCKD-EPI yang paling banyak mengalami hiperurisemia berada pada derajat V (<15 ml/min/1,73m2) dengan total 44 sampel (68,8%) dan nilai median kadar asam urat yaitu 5,8 mg/dl. Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya yang bermakna antara nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan asam urat pada pasien PGK non dialisis (p=<0,001) dengan arah korelasi negatif dan kekuatan korelasi kuat (r=-0,750). Jadi, dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan kadar asam urat serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik non dialisis di RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Ambon dari Januari 2019 sampai mei 2020.
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ELEKTRONIK VISUAL DENGAN KEJADIAN SINDROMA MATA KERING DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA
Authors: Latupono Saribah , Tualeka Saleh , Taihuttu Yuniasih
Published: May 2021

Media elektronik seperti tablet/gawai, laptop (komputer), telepon pintar sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia di zaman modern ini. Perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan manusia untuk lebih sering menggunakan teknologi dalam kehidupannya. Namun tanpa disadari, dampak negatif yang dapat ditimbulkan jika penggunaannya melebihi intensitas normal yakni dapat menimbulkan gangguan penglihatan salah satunya adalah mata kering. Mata kering merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas okuler yang paling sering ditemukan sehingga menyebabkan pasien datang mencari pengobatan pada ahli mata. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan media elektronik visual dengan kejadian sindroma mata kering. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa preklinik angkatan 2013-2016 yang masih aktif mengikuti perkuliahan dengan jumlah 256 orang yang diambil berdasarkan total sampling. Namun, yang menjadi sampel penelitian berjumlah 240 orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner OSDI dan kuesioner lama penggunaan media elektronik visual. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan secara statistik antara angkatan mahasiswa dengan sindroma mata kering (p=0,532), lama penggunaan smartphone dengan sindroma mata kering (p=0,337), lama penggunaan laptop dengan sindroma mata kering (p=0,068) dan lama penggunaan tablet dengan sindroma mata kering (p=0,245) dan jarak penggunaan laptop dengan sindroma mata kering (p=0,504). Namun, jenis kelamin berhubungan signifikan dengan sindroma mata kering (p =0,031). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan secara statistik antara jenis kelamin dengan sindroma mata kering.
KARAKTERISTIK FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LAMA MENYUSUI ANAK
Authors: Astuti Fitri Nengsi , Faradilah Andi , Yunus Purnamaniswati
Published: May 2021

ASI merupakan makanan ideal untuk bayi dengan berbagai faktor protektif dan nutrisi yang penting. Pemberian ASI merupakan salah satu upaya kesehatan primer yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang tinggi khususnya pada anak. Lama pemberian ASI yang sesuai dengan anjuran WHO yaitu selama 2 tahun penuh, termasuk 6 bulan pemberian secara eksklusif akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak secara optimal. Namun, cakupan pemberian ASI tahun 2015 hanya 37,3%, yang masih jauh dari target pemerintah tahun 2018 sebesar 75%. Beberapa faktor yang behubungan dengan lama menyusui yaitu usia, pekerjaan, pengetahuan ASI, pengetahuan agama, kesehatan ibu, produksi ASI, paritas, berat lahir anak, kesehatan anak, jenis persalinan, promosi susu formula, teknik menyusui, dukungan keluarga, anggota keluarga merokok, dan riwayat antenatal care. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan lama menyusui anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan, gambaran frekuensi tertinggi untuk predisposing factor yaitu pengetahuan ASI yang baik 125 (94,7%), produksi ASI lancar 123(93,2%), dan tidak bekerja sebanyak 111 (84,1%). Gambaran frekuensi tertinggi untuk enabling factor yaitu berat lahir anak normal 125 (94,7%), persalinan normal 117(88,6%), dan tidak mendapat promosi susu formula sebanyak 100(75,8%%). Gambaran frekuensi tertinggi untuk reinforcing factor yaitu dukungan keluarga sebanyak 131(99,2%). Melalui penelitian ini dapat diketahui faktor-faktor yang dapat berhubungan dengan lama menyusui.
HUBUNGAN LEADER MEMBER EXCHANGE DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP STRES KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KEHUTANAN PROVINSI MALUKU DITINJAU DARI GENDER (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA AMBON)
Authors: Rieuwpassa Vlenzy , Wijono Sutarto , Kristijanto A IGN
Published: May 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan Leader Member Exchange (LMX) dan Motivasi Kerja (MK) merupakan prediktor secara silmutan atau parsial terhadap Stres Kerja (SK) pegawai Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Maluku di kota Ambon. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 110 responden yang terdiri dari 47 pegawai perempuan dan 63 pegawai laki-laki menggunakan contoh/cuplikan jenuh. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga skala yaitu LMX, MK, dan SK dengan menggunakan skala Likert (5 alternatif jawaban). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hanya MK yang berpengaruh terhadap SK pegawai perempuan hasil (r= 0,25α) nilai F= 5,472 dengan nilai signifikansi= 0,026 (p>0,05) dan R2 = 0,065 (6,5 %). Sebaliknya pada pegawai laki-laki (r= 0,57α) nilai F= 2,03 dengan signifikansi 0,027 (p<0,05) dan R2= 0,325 (32,5%). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa MK pegawai perempuan berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap SK, sedangkan LMX dan MK berpengaruh terhadap SK.
Nilai Budaya dalam Novel Ulid Karya Mahmud Ikhwan Suatu Tinjauan Postmodernisme Jean Francois Lyotard
Authors: Harmita Sari  , Sumiati Putri Natalia  , Wahyuniar  , A. Nurhayati
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek-aspek budaya postmodernisme yang terdapat dalam novel Ulid karya Mahfud Ikhwan yang terdiri dari; ekletisisme, parodi, pastiche, ironi, dan camp. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frasa, klausa atau kalimat yang berwujud ekletisisme, parodi, pastiche, ironi, dan camp. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sebuah novel yang berjudul Ulid Karya Mahfud Ikhwan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik baca, teknik simak, dan teknik catat dengan teknik analisis data yaitu mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan. Hasil penelitian dalam novel Ulid karya Mahfud Ikhwan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai situasi yang menggambarkan perilaku postmodernisme yang lebih didominasi oleh sifat ironi yang ditemukan dalam berbagai situasi seperti bencana alam, perekonomian dan hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan perasaan. Aspek selanjutnya adalah  prilaku Camp yang digambarkan dalam bentuk pengelabuan penampilan, sikap, benda dan sifat. Pastiche diungkapkan melalui situasi yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tokoh, harapan di masa lalu, serta informasi mengenai tokoh pada masa lalu Ekletisisme  yang digambarkan dalam bentuk perpaduan benda, bahasa dan makanan. Aspek parodi diungkapkan dalam bentuk ungkapan perasaan puas, tidak senang, dan tidak nyaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dalam novel Ulid karya Mahfud Ikhwan dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat postmodern dapat diidentifikasi dari aktivitas atau tindakan yang digambarkan oleh tokoh dalam menyikapi sebuah peristiwa yang berhubungan dengan zamannya.