bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Human Labour on the Cost of Cultivation Expenses of Major Cereal Crops in India
Authors: Munshi Sahin Aktar , Barman Bikram , Sinha Anushka Kumari , DB Hemanth , Das Abhijit , Mondal Indrajit
Published: September 2024

India's primary cereal crops—paddy (Oriza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize     (Zea mays L.) are highly dependent on labour from agricultural workers and are essential to the nation's agricultural economy. Owing to a lack of mechanisation in many areas, labour costs differ greatly depending on the area, size of the farm, and socioeconomic status. Exorbitant labour expenses primarily impact small and marginal farmers, diminishing their profitability and possibly impacting crop selection and food security. This study highlights how labour costs account for a sizeable portion of total agricultural expenses by examining the effect of labour costs on the cost of cultivating these crops across various Indian states. The study also looks at how mechanisation has been adopted unevenly, with some states reporting lower labour costs as a result of increased machinery use. This study indicates that the labour cost for cultivating paddy was highest in Assam (45%), while for maize (20%), it was highest in Andhra Pradesh (25%), and for wheat, in Bihar. Total labour cost was highest in Maize (₹2,3304) followed by Paddy (₹26,665), Wheat (₹13,960). This study suggested that mechanisation, wage standards, and labour management techniques could all help to reduce the high costs associated with using human labour to cultivate cereal crops.
High‐Speed and Low‐Energy Nitride Memristors
Authors: Choi Byung Joon , Torrezan Antonio C. , Strachan John Paul , Kotula P. G. , Lohn A. J. , Marinella Matthew J. , Li Zhiyong , Williams R. Stanley , Yang J. Joshua
Published: May 2016

High‐performance memristors based on AlN films have been demonstrated, which exhibit ultrafast ON/OFF switching times (≈85 ps for microdevices with waveguide) and relatively low switching current (≈15 μA for 50 nm devices). Physical characterizations are carried out to understand the device switching mechanism, and rationalize speed and energy performance. The formation of an Al‐rich conduction channel through the AlN layer is revealed. The motion of positively charged nitrogen vacancies is likely responsible for the observed switching.
Electrochemical Sensing Studies of Selective Poly(methyl methacrylate)–Zinc Oxide Fibrous Anion Exchanger
Authors: Khan A. A. , Jamil B. , shaheen S.
Published: May 2016

Polymethylmethacrylate–ZnO (PMMA–ZnO) fibrous anion exchanger was prepared by solid‐gel method. The structure and morphology of the prepared fibrous anion exchanger were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. The dielectrical constants (ε′,ε″), dielectric loss (tanδ), andACconductivity (σac) were studied as a function of frequency. The material was found to be highly desirable for electroanalytical application as anionic sensor; its membrane electrode has been developed for the detection ofin solutions. The detection limit ofselective membrane electrode is 1 × 10−9M to 1 × 10−1M with a response time of 35 s and its workingpHrange is 4–7. The selectivity coefficient values for interfering ions indicate good selectivity for arsenate () over interfering anions. The accuracy of the results was compared by Portable Coulometric Analyzer (PCA‐Arsenomat).
Respirable indium exposures, plasma indium, and respiratory health among indium‐tin oxide (ITO) workers
Authors: Cummings Kristin J. , Virji M. Abbas , Park Ji Young , Stanton Marcia L. , Edwards Nicole T. , Trapnell Bruce C. , Carey Brenna , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Kreiss Kathleen
Published: May 2016

Background

Workers manufacturing indium‐tin oxide (ITO) are at risk of elevated indium concentration in blood and indium lung disease, but relationships between respirable indium exposures and biomarkers of exposure and disease are unknown.

Methods

For 87 (93%) current ITO workers, we determined correlations between respirable and plasma indium and evaluated associations between exposures and health outcomes.

Results

Current respirable indium exposure ranged from 0.4 to 108 μg/m3 and cumulative respirable indium exposure from 0.4 to 923 μg‐yr/m3. Plasma indium better correlated with cumulative (rs = 0.77) than current exposure (rs = 0.54) overall and with tenure ≥1.9 years. Higher cumulative respirable indium exposures were associated with more dyspnea, lower spirometric parameters, and higher serum biomarkers of lung disease (KL‐6 and SP‐D), with significant effects starting at 22 μg‐yr/m3, reached by 46% of participants.

Conclusions

Plasma indium concentration reflected cumulative respirable indium exposure, which was associated with clinical, functional, and serum biomarkers of lung disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:522–531, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Suicide mortality among firefighters: Results from a large, urban fire department
Authors: Stanley Ian H. , Hom Melanie A. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: May 2016

Background

Research regarding suicide mortality among firefighters within the U.S. has been sparse and has yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to: (i) describe suicide rates within a large, urban fire department; and (ii) compare firefighter suicide rates with demographically adjusted general population suicide rates.

Methods

Rosters were obtained from the Philadelphia Fire Department (PFD) for all members employed by or separated from the department between 1993 and 2014 (N = 4,395). Vital statistics for each member were obtained from the CDC's National Death Index.

Results

Overall, 272 deaths were recorded; 11 (4.0%) were certified as suicides. The overall suicide rate among firefighter affiliates of the PFD between 1993 and 2014 was 11.61 per 100,000 person‐years.

Conclusions

The suicide rate among firefighters appears comparable to, and perhaps lower than, demographically adjusted general population estimates. Infrastructure to triangulate and monitor suicide rates from multiple departments, both career and volunteer, is needed to derive a more representative and informative estimate of firefighter suicide rates. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:942–947, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autism‐relevant behaviors are minimally impacted by conditional deletion of Pten in oxytocinergic neurons
Authors: Clipperton‐Allen Amy E. , Chen Youjun , Page Damon T.
Published: May 2016

Germline heterozygous mutations in Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog) are associated with macrocephaly and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Pten germline heterozygous (Pten+/−) mice approximate these mutations, and both sexes show widespread brain overgrowth and impaired social behavior. Strikingly similar behavior phenotypes have been reported in oxytocin (Oxt) and/or oxytocin receptor (OxtR) knockout mice. Thus, we hypothesized that the behavioral phenotypes of germline Pten+/− mice may be caused by reduced Pten function in Oxt‐expressing cells. To investigate this, we tested mice in which Pten was conditionally deleted using oxytocin‐Cre (Oxt‐Cre+; PtenloxP/+, Oxt‐Cre+; PtenloxP/loxP) on a battery including assays of social, repetitive, depression‐like, and anxiety‐like behaviors. Minimal behavioral abnormalities were found; decreased anxiety‐like behavior in the open field test in Oxt‐Cre+; PtenloxP/loxP males was the only result that phenocopied germline Pten+/− mice. However, Oxt cell size was dramatically increased in Oxt‐Cre+; PtenloxP/loxP mice in adulthood. Thus, conditional deletion of Pten using Oxt‐Cre has a profound effect on Oxt cell structure, but not on ASD‐relevant behavior. We interpret these results as inconsistent with our starting hypothesis that reduced Pten function in Oxt‐expressing cells causes the behavioral deficits observed in germline Pten+/− mice. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1248–1262. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new family‐3 glycoside hydrolase from Penicillium oxalicum BL 3005 catalyzing tyrosol glucosylation to form salidroside
Authors: Yang Xue‐Peng , Wang Fang‐Fang , Yan Ji , Ma Ke , Mao Duo‐Bin
Published: May 2016

A glycoside hydrolase from Penicillium oxalicum BL 3005 was purified to apparent homogeneity. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 90 kDa by SDS‐PAGE. The enzyme was identified to be a new member of family‐3 by peptide sequence. High transglycosylation activity was found in the hydrolytic reaction of cellobiose. In the reaction, salidroside (4‐hydroxyphenethyl O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside) was formed by adding tyrosol as the glycosyl acceptor. The optimum reaction pH and temperature were pH 6.5 and 55 °C, respectively. The maximum yield of salidroside was almost 20 g/L. These results indicated that the β‐glucosidase of P. oxalicum can be considered as a very promising catalyst for the synthesis of salidroside.
Environmental Business–NGO Partnerships in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Idemudia Uwafiokun
Published: May 2016

A number of insightful efforts have explored the nature of business–NGO partnerships and their associated outcomes for sustainable development. While some of these works have helped to clarify the benefits of such partnerships, and the different strategies NGOs can adopt in their interaction with business, others have identified the conditions necessary for a successful partnership. However, the question of how the different strategies adopted by NGOs in their engagement with business interact has remained relatively unexamined. Drawing on an environmental business–NGO partnership for sustainable development in Nigeria, this paper confirms the existence of a creative tension between the different NGOs’ strategies. This creative tension affects the nature of the environmental partnership and performs three main functions. These are an enabling function, a discipline function and a critical distance function. The article concludes by considering the theoretical and practical implications for business–NGO partnerships as a vehicle for sustainable development in developing countries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The fight for children's ‘safety’ in North Carolina
Authors: Lee Catherine
Published: May 2016

This past April, the North Carolina governor signed into law a piece of legislation that nullified the rights of elected North Carolina municipal officials to enact their own anti‐discrimination policies and to set their own minimum wage standards. HB2, short for “House Bill 2, the Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act,” and misleadingly nicknamed “the bathroom bill,” has highlighted a disconcerting trend in multiple states to propose blatantly discriminatory laws under the guise of “safety,” “religious freedom,” and, ironically, “equality.”
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Transformations of Tetracalcium Phosphate in Solid State. Part 3. Tranformations of Ca4P2O9 During Heating in an Atmosphere of Purified Nitrogen or Under Vacuum.
Authors: CIESLA K. , RUDNICKI R.
Published: May 2016

Results of TG, DTG, DTA, and TD measurements in flowing N2 and XRD at 20 °C in air or at high temp. (up to 1500 °C under vacuum) indicate that a reversible thermal effect observed for Ca4P2O9 within 600 and 670 °C is caused by the polymorphic transformation of the low‐temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Ce(IV) Solutions in Nitromethane.
Authors: IGNACZAK M. , ABRASZEWSKI A.
Published: May 2016

Electric conductivity and cyclic voltammetric measurements in Ce(ClO4)3 solutions in nitromethane yield the limiting conductivity λ0(Ce(ClO4)2+·ClO4‐) and the equilibrium constant for 1,1‐valent electrolyte/non‐electrolyte mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion of Fe0.822Cr0.093P0.059C0.024Si0.002 Amorphous Alloy in Molar HCl and in Molar HCl Containing Diorthoaminophenoldisulfane (DOAPD).
Authors: ETMAN M. , ELKHOLY A. , ARIDE J. , BIAZ T. , KERTIT S.
Published: May 2016

Potentiodynamic studies of the corrosion behavior in 1 M HCl solution show the amorphous title compound to be resistant to corrosion due to a rapid autopassivation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystallization of Barium Metaborate.
Authors: IVLEVA L. I. , GORDADZE I. G. , KUZ'MINOV YU. S. , VORONOV V. V. , IVANOVSKAYA V. M.
Published: May 2016

An α‐ and a β‐modification of the title compound BaB2O4 are known, which are prepared by solid phase reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cage Effects Within Photoinitiated Chain Reactions.
Authors: OLLIVIER J. , ANDRE J.‐C.
Published: May 2016

By using a classical assumption on the ratio of kinetics rate constants, it is shown that photochemical initiation rate of the olefin amidation by acetone is limited by a cage effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyclohexene. Part 8. Gas‐Phase Reaction on Supported Nickel.
Authors: BOUDART M. , MCCONICA C. M.
Published: May 2016

At 273 K the title reaction is accompanied by disproportionation to cyclohexane and benzene the latter being adsorbed in two forms and leading to deactivation of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Rich H‐ZSM‐5 Catalyzed Conversion of Aqueous Ethanol to Ethylene.
Authors: MOSER W. R. , THOMPSON R. W. , CHIANG C.‐C. , TONG H.
Published: May 2016

At 400 °C and Si/Al ratios above 804, ethylene is formed in selectivities > 99% due to the presence of especially reactive clusters of H‐bonded silanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reaction of Phenylhydrazine with Sodium Periodate. Part 3. Oxidation of Phenylhydrazine with Sodium Periodate in the Presence of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes.
Authors: TSUBOI M. , TANAKA K.
Published: May 2016

Oxidation of phenylhydrazine (I) with periodate in the presence of alkenes (II) yields the phenylalkanes (III) and other products, while in the presence of the cycloalkenes (IV) the compounds (V) ‐ (VII) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Attachment of Phenyl Radicals, Generated from Halobenzenes and Solvated Electrons, to Alkenes in Ammonia Solution.
Authors: MEIJS G. F. , BUNNETT J. F.
Published: May 2016

The halobenzenes (I) react with isobutene (II) and potassium metal in t‐BuOH/liquid ammonia to form the arenes (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Addition of Polyhalomethanes and Their Related Compounds to Aldehydes and 1,2‐Elimination of the Coupling Products in a Pb/Al Bimetal Redox System.
Authors: TANAKA H. , YAMASHITA S. , YAMANOUE M. , TORII S.
Published: May 2016

Reductive addition reaction of tetrachloromethane (IIa) to the aldehydes (I) in the presence of a Pb/Al bimetal system produces the trichloromethyl carbinols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiochemical Control in Palladium(0)‐ and Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Alkene‐Formate Ester Carbonylation Reactions.
Authors: LIN I. J. B. , ALPER H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the alkenes (I) with butyl formate (II) in the presence of CO is catalyzed by Pd complexes to yield the regioisomeric esters (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Synthesis of Tribenzoacepentalene: Tribenzotriquinacene, Dihydrotribenzoacepentalenediide, and the Tribenzoacepentalene Radical Anion.
Authors: KUCK D. , SCHUSTER A. , OHLHORST B. , SINNWELL V. , DE MEIJERE A.
Published: May 2016

The four title compounds (VI)‐(IX) are triply benzoanellated hydrocarbons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Determination of Configuration of a Potential Antimicrobial 5,6‐Dihydroxyisobenzofuranone.
Authors: MOSTLER U. , URBAN E.
Published: May 2016

The isobenzofuranone (IIIa) reacts with (IV) to give the acetal (Va) or, analogously, with benzaldehyde and acetophenone affording (Vb) and (Vc).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodolactamization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Oxazolines.
Authors: KURTH M. J. , BLOOM S. H.
Published: May 2016

The γ,δ‐unsaturated oxazolines (III), (VI), and (IX) are prepared by reaction of the acids (I) or (VIII) with the amino alcohols (II) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumarins by Transfer of C3‐Unit of Cinnamic Acids to Phenols Using Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE J. , PAKNIKAR S. K.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of cinnamic acids with different phenols in the presence of PPA gives the coumarins (III), (VI) and (VII) in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorotrimethylsilane, Hexamethyldisilane, and 1,2‐Dimethyl‐1,1,2,2‐tetraphenyldisilane as Oxidizing‐Agents in the Conversion of Hydrazines to 2‐Tetrazenes. Trimethylsilyl Anion as a Leaving Group.
Authors: HWU J. R. , WANG N. , YUNG R. T.
Published: May 2016

The N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines (I) and (III) are treated with potassium hydride and one of the silanes mentioned in the title, yielding the tetrazenes (II) and (IV) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Azonia Derivatives of Arenes: Synthesis and Properties of 10c‐Azoniafluoranthene.
Authors: FOURMIGUE M. , BOUBEKEUR K. , BATAIL P. , BECHGAARD K.
Published: May 2016

In order to get stable arene‐radical ion salts, which may possibly be suitable as magnet‐field probe, the synthesis of (VI) is carried out (characterized as its PF6‐salt: space group P21/m, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Imidazo(2,1‐b)quinazolin‐5(3H)‐ones and Related Tricyclic Systems Using a Novel, Double Displacement Reaction.
Authors: PEET N. P. , MALECHA J. , LETOURNEAU M. E. , SUNDER S.
Published: May 2016

Double displacement of the fluoromethylthio synthon (I) with dialkylated hydrazines such as (II) yields the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Uracils via Cycloreversion of Norbornene‐Fused Pyrimidinediones.
Authors: BERNATH G. , STAJER G. , SZABO A. E. , SZOEKE‐MOLNAR Z. + , SOHAR P. , ARGAY G. , KALMAN A.
Published: May 2016

The 3‐aminonorbornane‐2‐carboxylic acid (I) reacts with phenyl isocyanate (II) to form the urea (III) which undergoes acid‐induced cyclization, yielding the bridged perhydroquinazolinedione (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity and Complexation of Dimethylsilylene Photogenerated from Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane. A Kinetic Study by Laser Flash Photolysis.
Authors: LEVIN G. , DAS P. K. , BILGRIEN C. , LEE C. L.
Published: May 2016

Under 266‐nm laser flash photolysis the photodecomposition of (I) leads to the formation of a transient intermediate that is best assigned as dimethylsilylene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tricyclohexylphosphonium Bromides from an Air‐Stable Phosphine Derivative.
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , DOETZER R. +
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are prepared from the tricyclohexylphosphine carbon disulfide complex (I) and the primary alkyl bromides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Properties, and Some Reactions of Novel Ruthenium Thiolate Complexes.
Authors: DEV S. , IMAGAWA K. , MIZOBE Y. , CHENG G. , WAKATSUKI Y. , YAMAZAKI H. , HIDAI M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the Ru dimer (I) with excess arenethiols (II) affords the cationic products (III) containing three thiolate bridges.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic Clusters of Ruthenium and the Group 11 Elements (Cu, Ag, and Au) Containing a COMe Ligand. X‐Ray Structure of H2Ru3(CO)8PPh3(μ3‐COMe)(CuPPh3).
Authors: EVANS J. , STROUD P. M. , WEBSTER M.
Published: May 2016

Deprotonation of the hydride‐bridged triruthenium cluster (I) with K‐Selectride leads to formation of the cluster anion (III) which is isolated as the PPN salt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Disperse Azo Dyes from 2‐Amino‐4‐ and 6‐N,N‐Dialkylaminobenzothiazoles and Their Application.
Authors: RANGNEKAR D. W. , CHAUDHARI M. B.
Published: May 2016

4‐Morpholinoaniline (I) is treated with ammonium thiocyanate (II) and then oxidatively cyclized to give 2‐amino‐6‐morpholinobenzothiazole (III) which is diazotized to yield the diazonium salt (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition of Silver Carbonate. Part 2. Cyclic Differential Thermal Analysis.
Authors: SAWADA Y. , MIZUTANI N. , KATO M.
Published: May 2016

The thermal behavior of Ag2CO3 is investigated by DTA‐TG and DSC‐TG.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors. Part 30. Reactions and Fluorescence of AgI and AgI‐Ag2S Colloids.
Authors: HENGLEIN A. , GUTIERREZ M. , WELLER H. , FOJTIK A. , JIRKOVSKY J.
Published: May 2016

AgI colloids are prepared by precipitation of Ag+ by I‐ in the presence of an organic polymer (e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Basicity of Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidines and Other Bases in Acetonitrile Solvent.
Authors: LEFFEK K. T. , PRUSZYNSKI P. , THANAPAALASINGHAM K.
Published: May 2016

The pKa value of a series of 30 phenyl substituted derivatives of the title compounds are measured.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cycloadduct of Diphenylpropadienylidene Meldrum′s Acid with Diphenylpropadienylidenetriphenylphosphorane.
Authors: BROWN R. F. C. , EASTWOOD F. W. , FALLON G. D. , LAVECCHIA L. , SCHANK K.
Published: May 2016

On treatment with Et3N the phosphonium salt (I) is transformed to a cumulated ylide which undergoes Wittig reaction with the Meldrum's acid derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Reactions. Part 23. Photooxygenation of Styrenic Estrogens: Product Characterization and Kinetics of the Dye‐Sensitized Photooxygenation of 9,11‐Didehydroestrone Derivatives.
Authors: PLANAS A. , LUPON P. , CASCALLO M. , BONET J.‐J.
Published: May 2016

Starting from (Ia), a complex mixture is obtained, from which only the 1,4‐endo‐peroxide (II) can be isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Source of Singlet Oxygen, or Its Synthetic Equivalent. Generation from Resin‐Bound Peroxomolybdate.
Authors: MCGORAN E. C. , WYBORNEY M.
Published: May 2016

Peroxomolybdate on Amberlyst A‐26 resin, generated from molybdate and H2O2, is employed in the formation of β,γ‐unsaturated hydroperoxides, e.g. (II), (IV), or (VI), from olefins or arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol)s and Their Dimethyl Ethers as Catalysts for the Reaction of Aryl Halides with Diphenylamine in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide.
Authors: SUKATA K. , AKAGAWA T.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of halobenzenes such as (II) or (IV) with diphenylamine (I) in the presence of derivatives of ethylene glycol, e.g. polyethylene glycol dimethylether, is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Dichloroisopropoxytitanium Nitronates as Reagents for Stereoselective Henry Reactions.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , ROBYR C. , SPILLING C. D.
Published: May 2016

The nitroalkanes (I) are converted to their nitronates by treatment with BuLi and isopropoxytitanium trichloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoarylation. Part 8. Photosubstitution Reaction of 2‐Fluoropyridine with Indoles.
Authors: SEKI K. , OHKURA K. , MATSUDA K. , TERASHIMA M. , KANAOKA Y.
Published: May 2016

Photolytic coupling of the indoles (I) with 2‐fluoropyridine (II) yields regioselectively the 1‐(2‐pyridyl)indoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐(2R*,11bS*)‐3′‐Aryl‐9,10‐dimethoxy‐1,3,4,6,7,11b‐hexahydrospiro(benzo(a)# quinolizine‐2,5′‐oxazolidine)‐2′,4′‐diones.
Authors: MENENDEZ J. C. , AVENDANO C. , SOELLHUBER M. M. +
Published: May 2016

The known cyanohydrin (I) reacts with the isocyanate (IIa), forming the imines (III) and (IV); both are hydrolyzed to produce the oxazolidines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Dihydropyridines. Part 3. Synthesis of 4,7‐Dihydrothieno‐(2,3‐b)pyridines with Vasodilator and Antihypertensive Activities.
Authors: ADACHI I. , YAMAMORI T. , HIRAMATSU Y. , SAKAI K. , MIHARA S. , KAWAKAMI M. , MASUI M. , UNO O. , UEDA M.
Published: May 2016

The dihydrothienopyridines (III) are prepared from the nitrobenzylideneacetoacetate (II) and the 2‐aminothiophenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylalkylideneboranes R‐B=C(SiMe3)2: Isolable Molecules with a Two‐Coordinated Sextet Boron Atom.
Authors: BOESE R. , PAETZOLD P. , TAPPER A. , ZIEMBINSKI R.
Published: May 2016

The liquid, pyrophoric title compounds (II) are obtained according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Monosubstituted Derivatives of Triborane(7). ‐ Crystal and Molecular Structure of Benzoyloxytriborane(7).
Authors: BINDER H. , BRELLOCHS B. , FREI B. , SIMON A. , HETTICH B.
Published: May 2016

B6H14 generated in situ from (I) reacts with acids such as (II) by splitting off H2 to form the chelate‐stabilized compounds of the type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Retention of Configuration in the Desilylative Hydroxyalkylation of α‐Silyl Sulfides.
Authors: MCDOUGAL P. G. , CONDON B. D.
Published: May 2016

The α‐silyl sulfide (I) reacts with benzaldehyde (II) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give the adduct (III) with predominance of the anti‐isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylantimony Dichloride and Dibromide.
Authors: ATES M. , BREUNIG H. J. , GUELEC S. +
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the dialkylantimony halides (I) with the antimony trihalides (II) gives the alkylantimony dihalides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Some Reactions of Phosphonium Thiolates and Selenolates: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Tetraphenylphosphonium 2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzenethiolate.
Authors: BALL J. M. , BOORMAN P. M. , FAIT J. F. , HINMAN A. S. , LUNDMARK P. J.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of the phosphonium thiolates and selenolates (III) and (IV) occurs by reaction of corresponding phosphonium chlorides with sodium thiolates or selenolates (from thiole or diselenide and sodium) as demonstrated for the example (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Some Metallabicyclooctadienes and ‐nonadienes of Dicyclopentadienyltitanium, ‐zirconium, and ‐hafnium.
Authors: YOUSAF S. M. , FARONA M. F. , SHIVELY R. J. JUN. , YOUNGS W. J.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of the dichlorometallocenes (I) with magnesium in the presence of the diynes (II) results in the formation of the metallabicyclic complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to Molecular Vanadium Catecholates; Reactivity Towards Oxygen.
Authors: GALEFFI B. , POSTEL M. , GRAND A. , REY P.
Published: May 2016

The catecholate complexes (III) are obtained according to the scheme and characterized as monomers in the case of (IIIa) and (IIIb) and as a catecholate‐bridged trimer in the case of (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Some Mono‐ and Disubstitution Reactions with Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes of o‐, m‐, and p‐Dichlorobenzenes.
Authors: LEE C. C. , ZHANG C. H. , ABD‐EL‐AZIZ A. S. , PIORKO A. , SUTHERLAND R. G.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the regioisomeric dichlorobenzene iron complexes (I) with the amine (II) gives the monosubstituted complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a 17‐Electron Tetrahedral Cobalt Complex, Bis(2,2′‐biquinolyl)cobalt: Reactions of a New Co/Pyrrolyl Synthetic Intermediate.
Authors: REAGEN W. K. , RADONOVICH L. J.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of the title complex (V) is carried out from two different cobalt intermediates produced in the metal vapor cocondensation technique, either by reaction of the isolable Co/pyrrolyl intermediate (III) or by reaction of toluene‐solvated Co atoms with (IV) at ‐94 °C. (V) crystallizes in P21/c with Z=4 and contains Co in a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentakis(trimethylphosphine)osmium(0).
Authors: ERMER S. P. , SHINOMOTO R. S. , DEMING M. A. , FLOOD T. C.
Published: May 2016

The reduction of (I) in the presence of excess PMe3 (II) yields the new title complex (III), which is nonrigid at ambient temp. on the NMR time scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Template Synthesis of the Coordinated Triphosphorus Ligands (Ph2PCH2CRR′O)2PPh, R or R′: H or CH3.
Authors: PLATT A. W. G. , PRINGLE P. G.
Published: May 2016

The new tridentate title ligands coordinated in the complexes (III) and (V) can only be formed using the metals as a template.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Taxane Synthesis. Part 2. Syntheses of 3,8,11,11‐Tetramethyl‐4‐oxo‐ and 4,8,11,11‐Tetramethyl‐3‐oxobicyclo(5.3.1)undec‐8‐enes Corresponding to the A and B Rings of Taxane Diterpenes.
Authors: OHTSUKA Y. , OISHI T.
Published: May 2016

Two types (IX) and (X) of tetramethylbicyclo(5.3.1)undec‐8‐enes are synthesized from α‐ionone (I), providing a model for taxane synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Excess PbO on the Densification of PLZT Ceramics
Authors: SONG B.‐M. , KIM D.‐Y. , SHIRASAKI S. , YAMAMURA H.
Published: May 2016

(La‐modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics).
ChemInform Abstract: Refinement of the Crystal Structure of ThOTe.
Authors: BECK H. P. , DAUSCH W.
Published: May 2016

Crystals of ThOTe are prepared from Th, ThO2, and excess Te by chemical vapor transport (1040 → 740 °C) using I2 as transportation agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactions in Gas Discharges. Part 1. Oxohalides of Boron.
Authors: BINNEWIES M.
Published: May 2016

Mass spectrometric results obtained for the reaction of BCl3 and O2 in a low pressure (∼ 10‐4 bar) electrical discharge apparatus show the formation of B2OCl4, B3O2Cl5, B3O3Cl3, B4O4Cl4 and probably B4O3Cl6 and B5O5Cl5.
ChemInform Abstract: NaNb10O18, a New Oxoniobate with (Nb6O12) Clusters,
Authors: KOEHLER J. + , SIMON A.
Published: May 2016

is synthesized by annealing a mixture of NaNbO3, NbO, NbO2, and B2O3 (as mineralizer) at 900 °C (golden reflecting single crystals or black powders).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Valence Oxochromate(III,IV), Sr4Cr3O9,
Authors: CUNO E. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. +
Published: May 2016

prepared for the first time according to the scheme, crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group P3, Z=3.
ChemInform Abstract: Columnar Structures of Tri‐ and Diamminenitrates, (M(NH3)3)NO3 and (M(NH3)2)NO3 of Monovalent Copper and Silver.
Authors: ZACHWIEJA U. , JACOBS H.
Published: May 2016

(Cu(NH3)4)(NO3)2 reacts with metallic Cu in liquid NH3 at room temp. to (Cu(NH3)3)NO3 (I) which decomposes at lower NH3 partial pressure to yield (Cu(NH3)2)NO3 (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Compounds of trans‐Cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine‐NNN′N′‐tetraacetate (cdta). Part 3. Structural and Magnetic Characterization of the Dinuclear (M(OH2)5) (M′(cdta))·H2O (M,M′: Ni,Ni; Mn,Ni; Mn,Cu; Co,Ni; or Co,Cu) and the Tetranuclear (M(OH2)4) (M′(cdta)(OH2))·4 H2O (M,M′: Zn,Zn; Zn‐Co; Co,Co; or Mn,Co) Complexes.
Authors: FUERTES A. , MIRAVITLLES C. , ESCRIVA E. , CORONADO E. , BELTRAN D. , PADEL L.
Published: May 2016

(Ia) crystallizes in Pbc21 with Z=4 and the complexes (IIa) and (IIb) in P21/n with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Guest Chemistry. Part 21. Solvent and Structural Effects on Hydrogen Bonds in Some Amides and Barbiturates. An Additive Scheme for the Stability of Corresponding Host‐Guest Complexes.
Authors: SCHNEIDER H.‐J. , JUNEJA R. K. , SIMOVA S.
Published: May 2016

Complexation constants are measured in CDCl3 for the complex formation of (I) and (II) with both (III) and (IV) and of self‐association of (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Arene Hydrides. Part 7. Reactions of Anthracene Hydride with Styrene and Stilbene Oxide. Reduction in Benzylic Position via Nucleophilic Substitution.
Authors: STAMM H. , LIN P.‐Y. , SOMMER A. , WODERER A.
Published: May 2016

Nucleophilic ring opening of oxiranes (I) or (IX) by the carbanion Ana‐ proceeds rapidly to give rise to the products (III) and (IV) or (VII) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Elaboration of Fused gem‐Dimethylcyclopropane Systems via Cyclopropene Cycloaddition. A Stereocomplementary Approach.
Authors: RIGBY J. H. , KIERKUS P. CH.
Published: May 2016

The stereochemistry of the cyclopropene cycloaddition to dienes such as (I) can be efficiently controlled by the reagent used.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Hydrogen Source. Part 3. Chemoselective Reduction with Et3NH+H2PO2‐·nH2O/Raney Nickel and RuCl2(PPh3)3 Reagents.
Authors: KHAI B. T. , ARCELLI A.
Published: May 2016

Triethylammonium hypophosphite hydrate is employed as hydrogen donator in the presence of Raney nickel or a Ru(II) complex to reduce nitro compounds, oximes, nitriles, and carbonyl derivatives as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Asymmetric Induction on Conjugate Addition to Chiral γ‐Substituted‐α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde.
Authors: HONDA Y. , HIRAI S. , TSUCHIHASHI G.
Published: May 2016

The chiral α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde (III) is treated with organocuprates such as (IV) to form mixtures of the 1,4 (V) and 1,2 adducts (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Hypochlorite‐Induced Oxidative Decarboxylation of Trisubstituted Acetic Acids.
Authors: ELMORE P. R. , REED R. T. , TERKLE‐HUSLIG T. , WELCH J. S. , YOUNG S. M. , LANDOLT R. G.
Published: May 2016

Triphenylacetic acid (I) is treated with sodium hypochlorite to form the carbinol (II) and benzophenone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes. Part 35. (C‐Amino)ketene Imines, 2‐Imidazolin‐5‐ones, and α‐Amino Acids from Aminocarbene Chromium Complexes and Isocyanides.
Authors: AUMANN R. , HEINEN H.
Published: May 2016

While treatment of (I) with isocyanides (IV) results mainly in CO ligand substitution, its electron‐deficient analogue (III) undergoes insertion to yield (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from 1:1:1 Inclusion Compounds of β‐Cyclodextrin with Brominated Alcohols and Acenaphthene.
Authors: HAMAI S.
Published: May 2016

Acenaphthene (I) forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with β‐cyclodextrin (Cdx) which with alcohols (II) yields 1:1:1 complexes; the equilibrium constants ((Cdx)·(I)) + (II) = ((Cdx)·(I)·(II)) = ((Cdx)·(II)) + (I) are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: (S,S)‐1,3‐Bis((2‐methoxyethoxy)methoxy)‐1,3‐diphenylacetone (VIa). A New Chiral Ketone with C2 Symmetry.
Authors: BRAUN M. , MORITZ J.
Published: May 2016

Starting with carbinol (I), easily accessible from ethyl (S)‐lactate, the synthesis of C2‐symmetric ketone (VIa) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: α,β‐Epoxy Sulfoxides as Useful Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. Part 19. Reduction of β‐Keto Sulfoxides Having an Alkyl Group and a Chlorine Atom on the α‐Carbon: A Synthesis of E‐α,β‐Epoxy Sulfoxides.
Authors: SATOH T. , SUGIMOTO A. , YAMAKAWA K.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of 1‐chlorobutyl phenyl sulfoxides (I) with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of LDA produces mixtures of the syn‐ and anti‐chlorohydrins (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Elucidation and a Novel Reductive Cleavage of Ribofuranosyl Ring C‐1 ‐ O Bond of the Intramolecular C‐Arylation Product of Tri‐O‐benzyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl Fluoride.
Authors: ARAKI Y. , MOKUBO E. , KOBAYASHI N. , NAGASAWA J. , ISHIDO Y.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐O‐benzylribofuranosyl fluorides (I) and (III) undergo Lewis acid‐catalyzed cyclization, forming the fused isochromans (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Cyclization of 6‐Octen‐1‐als with a Rhodium(I) Complex.
Authors: FUNAKOSHI K. , TOGO N. , SAKAI K.
Published: May 2016

The acetals (I) and (III), derived from 3‐oxo‐6‐octenals, are cyclized in the presence of the Wilkinson catalyst, forming diastereoselectively the trans‐substituted cyclohexanone acetals (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridylthiazoles as Antisecretory Agents.
Authors: KOSARY J. , KASZTREINER E. , ANDRASI F.
Published: May 2016

Substituted pyridylthiazoles are prepared from the hydrazide (I) and the nitrile (VIII) by various (cyclo)condensation reactions as outlined in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐Phosphorylated Phenols and Their Methoxymethyl Ethers, Phosphines, and Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: TSVETKOV E. N. , SYUNDYUKOVA V. KH. , BAULIN V. E.
Published: May 2016

The phenol ether (III) reacts after lithiation with the phosphorus chlorides (IV) and (VI) to give the phosphines (V) and the phosphine oxides (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Amine Hydrochlorides with Phosphorus Trichloride Oxide; Preparation and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triphenyl‐1,3,5,2λ5,4λ5,6λ5‐triazatr# iphosphorinane 2,4,6‐Trioxide (PhNPOCl)3.
Authors: JOHNSON O. , MURRAY M. , WOODWARD G.
Published: May 2016

In contrast to earlier results the reaction of the aniline hydrochlorides (I) with POCl3 (II) yields the trimeric compounds (III) instead of dimeric products.
ChemInform Abstract: Opening of Phosphirane‐Tungsten‐Complexes by Nucleophiles.
Authors: MARINETTI A. , MATHEY F.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the phosphirane complexes (IV) with N‐, O‐, P‐ and S‐nucleophiles are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of Tricarbonyl(1‐4‐η‐cyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene)iron Derivatives: C‐C Bond Formation of Tricarbonyl(cycloheptatrienide)irons with 2‐Chlorotropone.
Authors: NITTA M. , NISHIMURA M. , MIYANO H.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the cycloheptatrienes (I) the iron derivatives (III) and (VII) are prepared as demonstrated for (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanisms of Fluxionality of (Ir4(CO)11(PEt3)); A Reappraisal of the Mechanism of Carbonyl Fluxionality on Clusters.
Authors: MANN B. E. , PICKUP B. T. , SMITH A. K.
Published: May 2016

Contrary to previous reports, it is shown that the mechanism of fluxionality of the title complex involves intermediates retaining bridging carbonyls, rather than a species containing only terminal carbonyl groups or an icosahedral‐cubo‐octahedral rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Bridged by Pyridine‐2‐thiolate and Related Ligands. Synthesis and Crystal Structure.
Authors: UMAKOSHI K. , KINOSHITA I. , FUKUI‐YASUBA Y. , MATSUMOTO K. , OOI S. , NAKAI H. , SHIRO M.
Published: May 2016

The binuclear complexes (III) have a head‐to‐head configuration in which planar PtN2S2 and PtN4 coordination spheres face one another.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Synthesis of (+) and (‐) Altholactone from D‐Glucose. Preparation and Cytotoxic Activity of Analogues.
Authors: GESSON J.‐P. , JACQUESY J.‐C. , MONDON M.
Published: May 2016

The cytotoxicity of the title compounds (+)‐(IX), (‐)‐(IX) and of compound (XIV), prepared starting from the D‐glucose derivatives (I) or (X), is tested against L 1210.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of New Chiral Synthons Useful for (+)‐Carbacyclin Synthesis by Utilizing Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Prochiral σ‐Symmetric Diesters.
Authors: NAGAO Y. , KUME M. , WAKABAYASHI R. C. , NAKAMURA T. , OCHIAI M.
Published: May 2016

The chiral diesters (I) are subjected to selective enzymatic hydrolysis, forming the monoesters (II) or (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cuboctahedral Anion Clusters in Fluorite‐Related Superstructures: The Structure of Ca2YbF7. Part 2.
Authors: BEVAN D. J. M. , MCCALL M. J. , NESS S. E. , TAYLOR M. R.
Published: May 2016

An ab initio determination of the crystal structure from single‐crystal X‐ray analysis (space group I4/m, Z=10) confirms the correctness of the polyhedral model proposed (see preceeding abstract).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Protonic Conductivity of Pyrochlore Phases Al2((OH)1‐xFx)6·H2O and Al2((OH)1‐xFx)6 (x ≈ 0.5).
Authors: FOURQUET J. L. , RIVIERE M. , LE BAIL A. , NYGRENS M. , GRINS J.
Published: May 2016

X‐Ray and neutron diffraction studies are used to completely solve the structures of the cubic pyrochlore phases (Fd3m, Z = 8) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Crystal Structure of Li2TbF6 from X‐Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction. An Example of Lithium in Five‐Fold Coordination.
Authors: LALIGANT Y. , LE BAIL A. , FEREY G. , AVIGNANT D. , COUSSEINS J. C.
Published: May 2016

The title compound is obtained by grinding and heating a stoichiometric LiF/TbF3 mixture at 500 °C under flowing F2 or by the same treatment, but starting from a 8:1 mixture of LiCl and Tb4O7.
ChemInform Abstract: A Crystallochemical Study of Chrome Yellow Pigments.
Authors: SUQUET H. , LAUNAY S.
Published: May 2016

The so‐called "chrome yellows", which are widely used as industrial pigments, are solid solutions of PbCrO4 and PbSO4.
ChemInform Abstract: LiMgVO4: Powder Neutron Refinement and Crystal Chemistry.
Authors: BARBIER J.
Published: May 2016

The crystal structure refinement of the title compound, obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of Li2CO3, MgO, and V2O5 at 700 °C in air, confirms that the low‐temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Sintered Lead Negative Plates Made with Leachable Pore Formers.
Authors: HALL D. E.
Published: May 2016

Porous lead plates having a uniformly distributed network of large pores are prepared by sintering lead powder mixed with Na2SO4 powder and subsequent leaching of the Na2SO4 pore former.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Synthesis of Polymeric Binary Fluorides Exemplified by AgF3, NiF4, RuF4, and OsF4.
Authors: ZEMVA B. , LUTAR K. , JESIH A. , CASTEEL W. J. JUN. , BARTLETT N.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the pentafluoroxenonmetal fluorides (I), (V), and (VII) with the fluoride ion acceptor AsF5 at low temperatures yields the fluorides (II), (VI), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Photophysical Properties of M(CO)4(α,α′‐diimine) (M: Mo, W) Complexes.
Authors: RAWLINS K. A. , LEES A. J.
Published: May 2016

Electronic absorption, emission, and excitation spectra and emission lifetimes of (I) in ether/isopentane/ethanol (5:5:2) glasses at 80 °C and benzene at 293 K are recorded.
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Guest Complexation of Mono(6‐(1‐pyridinio)‐6‐deoxy)‐α‐cyclodextrin with Several Inorganic Anions
Authors: MATSUI Y. , FUJIE M. , HANAOKA K.
Published: May 2016

(formation of CT complexes with I‐, SCN‐, and Br‐, the binding constants being stronger than those with a non‐macrocyclic or a β‐cyclodextrin analogue, or with native α‐cyclodextrin.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Enantioselective and Catalytic Reduction of Co(acac)3 with a Chiral Ruthenium Photosensitizer.
Authors: OHKUBO K. , HAMADA T. , INAOKA T. , ISHIDA H.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (I), which is expected not to racemize since it does not have molecular asymmetry, i.e. Δ or Λ, but has optically active parts in its ligands, reduces tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) catalytically under photoirradiation (> 400 nm) in EtOH with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Thiazyl Halides XSN (X: F, Cl) with Perfluorinated Imines Rf2NH (Rf: F, CF3, CF3S, (CF3)2C=, (CF3)2S=): Attempted Preparations of Aminothiazyls (=N‐SN).
Authors: HAAS A. , RIELAND M.
Published: May 2016

Compound (I), the precursor of ClSN, undergoes a reaction with (II) to give the products (IV) and (V) via the unstable, reactive aminothiazyl (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Bis‐2H‐tetrazoles. Part 3. Detection of Bisnitrilimines Through Low‐Temperature UV‐Spectroscopy and Thermic Consecutive Reactions Through Photolysis of Bis‐2H‐tetrazoles.
Authors: WEINBERG P. , CSONGAR CH. , GESSNER M. , TOMASCHEWSKI G.
Published: May 2016

A wide range of bis(nitrilimines) such as (I) are generated by photolysis of phenylene‐linked, directly linked, or differently linked bis(tetrazoles).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Cyanide Promoted Iodination of Aromatic Compounds. A Simple Synthesis of 1‐Iodopyrene (III).
Authors: RADNER F.
Published: May 2016

ICN (II) is shown to be an excellent iodinating agent but the reaction conditions have to be varied sometimes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Metal Benzoylacetonates and Acetylacetonates with Formaldehyde.
Authors: TAKEICHI T. , OKUMURA H. , SAKURADA Y. , TAKAYAMA Y.
Published: May 2016

With a view to using metal complexes in a selective formose reaction, the features of the title reactions are clarified.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Optically Active (4R)‐2‐Substituted 4‐Hydroxycyclopent‐2‐enones from D‐Glucose.
Authors: MEZZINA E. , SAVOIA D. , TAGLIAVINI E. , TROMBINI C. , UMANI‐RONCHI A.
Published: May 2016

The optically pure cyclopentenone (IX), a potential chiral intermediate for prostaglandin synthesis, is prepared from the acid (I), which is readily available from cheap diacetoneglucose.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic v. Thermodynamic Effects During a Wolff‐Kishner Reduction.
Authors: BRECKNELL D. J. , CARMAN R. M. , SCHUMANN R. C.
Published: May 2016

A Wolff‐Kishner reduction is discussed which leads to kinetic products through reduction of hydrazones derived from thermodynamically less‐stable ketones of an equilibrium mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Indeno(1,2‐c)pyrazoloneacetic Acids as Semirigid Analogues of the Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.
Authors: LEMKE T. L. , ABEBE E. , MOORE P. F. , CARTY T. J.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the enamines (III) and (VIII), obtained by coupling of the acylindandiones (I) with ammonium acetate (II) or pyrrolidine (VII), with the hydrazine (IV) yields the hydroxyethylpyrazoles (V) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bis(3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐oxobutyl) Sulfide with Lawesson′s Reagent. Formation of 1,4‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐2,5,7‐trithiabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane and 2,5‐ and 2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐dithiins.
Authors: NAKAYAMA J. , CHOI K. S. , YAMAOKA S. , HOSHINO M.
Published: May 2016

Sulfurization reaction of the diketo sulfide (I) with Lawesson's reagent results in the formation of the trithiabicycloheptane (II) and the isomeric 1,4‐dithiins (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pteridines. Part 42. Synthesis and Properties of 8‐Substituted 2,4‐Dithiolumazines.
Authors: HUEBSCH W. + , JIBRIL I. , HUTTNER G. , PFLEIDERER W.
Published: May 2016

8‐Substituted 2,4‐dithiolumazines are obtained via the intermediates (Va) or (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Mesomeric Betaines. Part 1. Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of Hetero Derivatives of the Phenalenide Anion.
Authors: OLLIS W. D. , STANFORTH S. P. , RAMSDEN C. A.
Published: May 2016

The title betaines (IV) are prepared as shown for (IVa) by base treatment of the salt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Praziquantel Analogues. Part 2. Synthesis of Octahydropyrazino‐(1′,2′:1,2)pyrido(3,4‐b)‐ and ‐(4,3‐b)indol‐4‐ones.
Authors: VALLS N. , SEGARRA V. M. , LOPEZ X. , BOSCH J.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation reaction of tryptamine (V) with the diester (IV) yields the cycloimide (VI) which undergoes reductive cyclization to produce the pyrazinopyridoindole (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: “Umpolung” Using a Phosphorus Group. A Novel Method for the Chemoselective Synthesis of 2‐Acetonyl‐ or 3‐Acetonylmorpholines.
Authors: CRISTAU B. J. , FONTE M. , TORREILLES E.
Published: May 2016

Michael addition of the (N‐benzyl)aminoethanol (II) to the vinylphosphonium salt (I) gives the tertiary amine (III) which is cyclized, yielding the 2‐acetonylmorpholine (V) after deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reaction of the 1,3‐Diazetidine Ring by the Action of Thiobenzamide: Synthesis of (1,3,4)Thiadiazolo(2,3‐c) (1,2,4)triazine Derivatives.
Authors: MOLINA P. , ALAJARIN M. , LOPEZ‐LEONARDO C.
Published: May 2016

In connection with an investigation of the synthetic potential of the diazetidines (I), these are subjected to the reaction with thiobenzamide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers from Siloxy Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: HOMMA K. , MUKAIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The siloxy carbonyl compounds (I) are treated with trityl hexachloroantimonate or a catalyst system containing antimony pentachloride and then quenched with triethylsilane, forming the cyclic ethers (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 22. The Stereochemistry of Displacement of Chlorine in Diastereoisomeric 2‐Chloro‐4‐isopropyl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3,2λ5‐dioxaphosphorinanes by Aryloxide Anions. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of cis‐4‐Isopropyl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenoxy‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinane 2‐Oxide.
Authors: EDMUNDSON R. S. , KING T. J.
Published: May 2016

The displacement of chlorine from cis‐(I) or trans‐(V) by sodium phenoxide (II) takes place with both retention and inversion of configuration at phosphorus.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐ and Thia‐2‐germa(II)‐indans and Corresponding 2,2′‐Spirobi(2‐germaindans).
Authors: PFEIFFER J. , NOLTEMEYER M. , MELLER A.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic germylenes (II), (VI), and (IX) of the germaindan type are obtained from the corresponding 1,2‐phenylene compounds under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Ferrocenylamine Sulfide and Selenide Complexes.
Authors: NAIINI A. A. , LAI C.‐K. , BRUBAKER C. H. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The 24 previously unknown title complexes such as (V), (VI), (VII) and (VIII) are prepared via lithiation of a ferrocenylamine precursor followed by treatment with appropriate disulfides or diselenides as the electrophiles as shown for (V).