bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability over time and correlates of cholesterol and blood pressure in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Nikpour Mandana , Gladman Dafna D , Ibanez Dominique , Harvey Paula J , Urowitz Murray B
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP) are likely to take a dynamic course over time in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This would have important implications in terms of using single-point-in-time measurements of these variables to assess coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify variability over time of TC and BP among patients with SLE and to determine their correlates.

Methods

Patients in the Toronto lupus cohort who had two or more serial measurements of TC and systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) were included in the analysis. Variability over time was described in terms of the proportion of patients whose TC and BP profile fluctuated between normal and elevated (TC > 5.2 mmol/L; SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg), and also in terms of within- and between-patient variance quantified by using analysis of variance modeling. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to determine independent correlates of each of TC, SBP, and DBP, treated as continuous outcome variables.

Results

In total, 1,260 patients, comprising 26,267 measurements of each of TC, SBP, and DBP, were included. Mean ± SD number of measurements per patient was 20.8 ± 20. Mean ± SD time interval between measurements was 5.4 ± 9.7 months. Mean ± SD time interval from the start to the end of the study was 9.3 ± 8.5 years. Over time, 64.7% of patients varied between having normal and elevated cholesterol levels, whereas the status of 46.4% of patients varied between normotensive and hypertensive. By using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the within-patient percentage of total variance for each of TC, SBP, and DBP was 48.2%, 51.2%, and 63.9%, respectively. By using GEE, independent correlates of TC and BP included age, disease activity, and corticosteroids; antimalarial use was negatively correlated with TC (all P values < 0.0001).

Conclusions

TC and BP vary markedly over time in patients with SLE. This variability is due not only to lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, but also to disease- and treatment-related factors such as disease activity, corticosteroids, and antimalarials. The dynamic nature of TC and BP in SLE makes a compelling case for deriving summary measures that better capture cumulative exposure to these risk factors.
Identities in transition: living as an asylum seeker
Authors: Douglas Anne
Published: June 2010

The process of forced immigration is a challenge for a person's sense of identity. The traumatic events that precede flight (e.g. torture or rape) may have an impact on the individual's sense of self. By the time the person arrives in the UK, their sense of identity may also have been affected by the significant loss of their homeland and, often, family members. On arrival, the person is given the ‘temporary’ label of asylum seeker. Although this status offers many the hope of refuge from persecution, there are significant constraints inherent in this role. Until recently, asylum seekers in the UK could be in limbo for many years as their case was considered. Although more recent legislative changes have attempted to speed up the process it can still be lengthy. This article outlines the multiple threats to an asylum-seeking person's sense of identity and associated mental health problems. Ways in which mental health professionals can support the person's sense of identity during this transition are discussed.
Reproductive and sexual health of women service users: what's the fuss?
Authors: Abel Kathryn , Rees Sian
Published: June 2010

Nearly a decade ago, the Department of Health published its strategic development plan for mental healthcare for women. It focused on the ways in which mental health services for women should be configured to take account of the context of women's lives and the complexity of their health needs. This commentary argues that attention to the reproductive and sexual health of women in mental healthcare is at the centre of a gender-sensitive and modern mental health service.
Effect of feedback on the quality of suicide prevention websites: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. , Fischer Julie-Anne , Oh Elizabeth
Published: June 2010

There is concern regarding the quality of information about mental health problems on the internet. A trial was carried out to see whether sending feedback to website administrators about the quality of information on their website would lead to an improvement (ACTRN12609000449235). Fifty-two suicide prevention websites were identified by means of an online search. The quality of information about how to help someone who is suicidal was scored against expert consensus guidelines. Websites were randomised to receive feedback or serve as controls. The information on the websites varied greatly in quality. However, feedback did not lead to an improvement.
Postcard intervention for repeat self-harm: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Beautrais Annette L. , Gibb Sheree J. , Faulkner Alan , Fergusson David M. , Mulder Roger T.
Published: June 2010

Background

Self-harm and suicidal behaviour are common reasons for emergency department presentation. Those who present with self-harm have an elevated risk of further suicidal behaviour and death.

Aims

To examine whether a postcard intervention reduces self-harm re-presentations in individuals presenting to the emergency department.

Method

Randomised controlled trial conducted in Christchurch, New Zealand. The intervention consisted of six postcards mailed during the 12 months following an index emergency department attendance for self-harm. Outcome measures were the proportion of participants re-presenting with self-harm and the number of re-presentations for self-harm in the 12 months following the initial presentation.

Results

After adjustment for prior self-harm, there were no significant differences between the control and intervention groups in the proportion of participants re-presenting with self-harm or in the total number of re-presentations for self-harm.

Conclusions

The postcard intervention did not reduce further self-harm. Together with previous results this finding suggests that the postcard intervention may be effective only for selected subgroups.
Junior doctors are performing fewer emergency assessments – a cause for concern
Authors: Waddell Linda , Crawford Colin
Published: June 2010

Aims and method

Due to concerns regarding the reduced exposure of junior trainees to risk assessment, we have examined emergency assessments carried out in Forth Valley, Scotland, during a 4-month period to ascertain the assessor, time of assessment and outcome.

Results

During the 4 months of the audit, an average of 13 emergency psychiatric assessments were carried out by each trainee. The majority of these assessments occurred overnight (81%).

Clinical implications

Experience of emergency assessments by trainees was limited and tended to occur during on-call periods when there is little chance for teaching. With this limited exposure, trainees are missing out on valuable experience in emergency risk assessment and management planning.
Fair Deal: spelling it out for service users
Authors: Arbuthnott Maurice
Published: June 2010

The Royal College of Psychiatrists' Fair Deal campaign provides a welcome guide to the values and priorities for mental health practitioners and services in promoting service users' recovery. It was developed in consultation with service users and carers. This paper presents an alternative interpretation of the Fair Deal, a parallel manifesto of aspirations and ideals that can enhance the spirit of concord and partnership between service users and mental health professionals.
Telomerase trafficking and assembly in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Li Zhu-Hong , Tomlinson Rebecca L. , Terns Rebecca M. , Terns Michael P.
Published: June 2010

The core components of telomerase are telomerase RNA (TR) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). In vertebrate cells, TR and TERT have been reported to associate with intranuclear structures, including Cajal bodies and nucleoli as well as telomeres. Here, we examined the time course of both TR localization and assembly of TR with TERT in Xenopus oocytes. The major trafficking pathway for microinjected TR is through Cajal bodies into the nucleoplasm, with a fraction of TR found in nucleoli at later time points. Telomerase assembly precedes nucleolar localization of TR, and TR mutants that do not localize to nucleoli form active enzyme, indicating that localization of TR to nucleoli is not required for assembly with TERT. Assembly of telomerase coincides with Cajal-body localization; however, assembly is also unaffected by a CAB-box mutation (which significantly reduces association with Cajal bodies), suggesting that Cajal-body localization is not important for assembly. Our results suggest that assembly of TR with TERT occurs in the nucleoplasm. Unexpectedly, however, our experiments reveal that disruption of the CAB box does not eliminate early targeting to Cajal bodies, indicating that a role for Cajal bodies in telomerase assembly cannot be excluded on the basis of existing knowledge.
CH/π Interaction on the Structure of N-Substituted-4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Suezawa Hiroko , Yuzuri Tomoaki , Kohno Yuji , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Asami Masatoshi
Published: June 2010

Rotational barriers about the C–N bonds and differences of ground state energies of tert-butyl 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carboxylate derivatives were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The results are discussed assuming characteristic intramolecular CH/π interactions accompanied by results of X-ray structure analysis, ab initio MO, and DFT calculations. The calculated values with MP2/6-31G(d,p) level are in good agreement with the experimental results of X-ray structure analysis and NMR measurements.
The non-vascularised fibular graft
Authors: Akiyama T. , Clark J. C. M. , Miki Y. , Choong P. F. M.
Published: June 2010

Internal hemipelvectomy is a standard treatment for malignant tumours of the pelvis. Reconstruction using a non-vascularised fibular graft is relatively straightforward compared to other techniques. We describe the surgical and functional outcomes for a series of ten patients who underwent an internal hemipelvectomy (type I or I/IV) with reconstruction by a non-vascularised fibular graft between 1996 and 2009. A key prerequisite for this procedure was a preserved sciatic notch, confirmed pre-operatively on MRI.

Graft-host union was achieved in all patients with a single fibular graft, and in the lower graft where two grafts had been used. The mean time to union was 7.3 months (3 to 12). The upper graft did not unite in four of six cases where two grafts had been used. Seven patients were eventually able to walk without a stick. The mean post-operative Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 75.4% (16.7 to 96.7). There were no cases of deep post-operative infection. The mean pelvic shortening was 0.9 cm (0.2 to 3.4). Recurrent tumour occurred in three cases, and death from tumour-related disease occured in one.

Patients who need an internal hemipelvectomy will do well if their pelvic ring is reconstructed with a non-vascularised fibular graft. The complication rate is low, and they attain a good functional outcome.
The success of management with the Pavlik harness for developmental dysplasia of the hip using a United Kingdom screening programme and ultrasound-guided supervision
Authors: Walton M. J. , Isaacson Z. , McMillan D. , Hawkes R. , Atherton W. G.
Published: June 2010

We present the results of treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infancy with the Pavlik harness using a United Kingdom screening programme with ultrasound-guided supervision. Initially, 128 consecutive hips in 77 patients were reviewed over a 40-month period; 123 of these were finally included in the study. The mean age of the patients at the start of treatment was five weeks (1 to 12). All hips were examined clinically and monitored with ultrasound scanning. Failure of treatment was defined as an inability to maintain reduction with the harness. All hips diagnosed with dysplasia or subluxation but not dislocation were managed successfully in the harness. There were 43 dislocated hips, of which 39 were reducible, but six failed treatment in the harness. There were four dislocated but irreducible hips which all failed treatment in the harness. One hip appeared to be successfully treated in the harness but showed persistent radiological dysplasia at 12 and 24 months. Grade 1 avascular necrosis was identified radiologically in three patients at 12 months.
Total shoulder replacement for osteoarthritis in patients 80 years of age and older
Authors: Foruria A. M. , Sperling J. W. , Ankem H. K. , Oh L. S. , Cofield R. H.
Published: June 2010

This study was performed to review the safety and outcome of total shoulder replacements in patients who are ≥ 80 years of age. A total of 50 total shoulder replacements in 44 patients at a mean age of 82 years (80 to 89) were studied. Their health and shoulder status, the operation and post-operative course were analysed, including pain, movement, patient satisfaction, medical and surgical complications, radiographs, the need for revision surgery, and implant and patient survival. A total of 27 patients had an ASA classification of III or IV and medical abnormalities were common. Of the 13 shoulders with bony deficiency of the glenoid, nine required grafting. The duration of hospital stay was prolonged and blood transfusions were common. There were no peri-operative deaths. The mean follow-up was for 5.5 years (2 to 12). Pain was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and movement improved in active elevation and both external and internal rotation (p < 0.001). Using the Neer scale for assessing outcome, 40 (80%) shoulders had an excellent or satisfactory result. There were medical or surgical complications in 17 cases. Four shoulders developed radiological evidence of loosened glenoid components, and three of these had a poor outcome. Three other shoulders required revision, two for instability. By the time of this review 39 of the patients had died from unrelated causes at a mean of 7.5 years (0.8 to 16.4) after surgery.

Total shoulder replacement is a relatively effective treatment in this elderly group of patients. However, there is a requirement for more intense patient care in the peri-operative period, and non-fatal medical or surgical complications are common. Most of these elderly patients will have a comfortable functional shoulder for the rest of their lives.
Change in long-term mortality associated with fractures of the hip
Authors: Johnston A. T. , Barnsdale L. , Smith R. , Duncan K. , Hutchison J. D.
Published: June 2010

We investigated the excess mortality risk associated with fractures of the hip. Data related to 29 134 patients who underwent surgery following a fracture of the hip were obtained from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit database. Fractures due to primary or metastatic malignancy were excluded. An independent database (General Register Office (Scotland)) was used to validate dates of death. The observed deaths per 100 000 of the population were then calculated for each group (gender, age and fracture type) at various time intervals up to eight years. A second database (Interim Life Tables for Scotland, Scottish Government) was then used to create standardised mortality ratios. Analysis showed that mortality in patients aged > 85 years with a fracture of the hip tended to return to the level of the background population between two and five years after the fracture. In those patients aged < 85 years excess mortality associated with hip fracture persisted beyond eight years. Extracapsular hip fractures and male gender also conferred increased risk.
Respiratory failure due to a displaced fracture of the odontoid
Authors: Clarke A. , Hutton M. J. , Chan D.
Published: June 2010

Fractures of the odontoid peg are relatively common in elderly people. Often they are minimally displaced and can be treated with a collar. However, a fracture which is displaced significantly may be difficult to manage. We describe the case of an 80-year-old man with a fracture of the odontoid peg which was completely displaced and caused respiratory distress. After initial closed reduction and application of a halo jacket, open and internal fixation was undertaken and relieved his symptoms. It is a safe and effective way to manage this injury.
The effect of directive tutor guidance on students' conceptual understanding of statistics in problem‐based learning
Authors: Budé Luc , van de Wiel Margaretha W. J. , Imbos Tjaart , Berger Martijn P. F.
Published: June 2010

Background. Education is aimed at students reaching conceptual understanding of the subject matter, because this leads to better performance and application of knowledge. Conceptual understanding depends on coherent and error‐free knowledge structures. The construction of such knowledge structures can only be accomplished through active learning and when new knowledge can be integrated into prior knowledge.

Aims. The intervention in this study was directed at both the activation of students as well as the integration of knowledge.

Sample. Undergraduate university students from an introductory statistics course, in an authentic problem‐based learning (PBL) environment, were randomly assigned to conditions and measurement time points.

Method. In the PBL tutorial meetings, half of the tutors guided the discussions of the students in a traditional way. The other half guided the discussions more actively by asking directive and activating questions. To gauge conceptual understanding, the students answered open‐ended questions asking them to explain and relate important statistical concepts.

Results and conclusions. Results of the quantitative analysis show that providing directive tutor guidance improved understanding. Qualitative data of students' misconceptions seem to support this finding. Long‐term retention of the subject matter seemed to be inadequate.
Comparing boy and girl arsonists: Crisis, family, and crime scene characteristics
Authors: Roe‐Sepowitz Dominique , Hickle Kristine
Published: June 2010

Objective. Juvenile arson offenders have received increasing attention due to the high human and financial cost of arson in the USA. This study examines the similarities and differences between male and female juvenile arson offenders regarding family crisis, school issues, mental health, family characteristics, crime descriptions, and past delinquency.

Method. The sample consists of 217 male and 114 female juveniles charged with an arson‐related charge from a large southern state over a 5‐year period from 2000 to 2005.

Results. Female juvenile arsonists more often reported a significant crisis within their family in the past year when compared to male juvenile arsonists. Most of the juvenile arson offenders attended school regularly but girls had greater issues with tardiness or truancy than boys. Girl arsonists more often reported a history of childhood abuse, higher scores on a suicide ideation scale and were more likely to set fire at school. Boy arsonists were more likely to have greater mental health problems, report gang involvement, a history of prior delinquency and prior arson, and were found to set fires at their residence when compared to girl arsonists. Instrumental versus expressive reasons for the arson behaviour are discussed.

Conclusion. These findings suggest strongly that boy and girls arson offenders are dissimilar enough to require unique assessment and treatment.
Recent water myths
Authors: Soper Alan K.
Published: June 2010

Recently, there have been a number of claims about the nature of water as a liquid that seem to contradict traditional views. The present paper takes a close look at two of these claims—namely, that water is not the tetrahedral network that it is traditionally regarded as but a chain-like liquid, and that water is intrinsically heterogeneous by nature—and attempts to make sense of them.
Polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid receptor 1 in relation to fat mass distribution
Authors: Frost M , Nielsen T L , Wraae K , Hagen C , Piters E , Beckers S , De Freitas F , Brixen K , Van Hul W , Andersen M
Published: June 2010

Objective

Both animal and human studies have associated the endocannabinoid system with obesity and markers of metabolic dysfunction. Blockade of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) caused weight loss and reduction in waist size in both obese and type II diabetics. Recent studies on common variants of the CB1 receptor gene (CNR1) and the link to obesity have been conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether selected common variants of theCNR1are associated with measures of obesity and fat distribution.

Design and methods

The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs806381, rs10485179 and rs1049353 were genotyped, and body fat and fat distribution were assessed by the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based study comprising of 783 Danish men, aged 20–29 years.

Results

The rs806381 polymorphism was significantly associated with visceral fat mass (FM) only, whereas the rs1049353 was significantly and directly associated with visceral and intermuscular FM. None of the SNPs analysed were associated with total body FM or subcutaneous FM.

Conclusion

The results point towards a link between common variants of theCNR1and fat distribution in young men.
Family-Centered Rounds on Pediatric Wards: A PRIS Network Survey of US and Canadian Hospitalists
Authors: Mittal Vineeta S. , Sigrest Ted , Ottolini Mary C. , Rauch Daniel , Lin Hua , Kit Brian , Landrigan Christopher P. , Flores Glenn
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The goal was to examine pediatric hospitalist rounding practices and characteristics associated with programs conducting family-centered rounds (FCRs).

METHODS:

The Pediatric Hospitalist Triennial Survey, sent to a subset of pediatric hospitalists on the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings listserv from the United States and Canada, consisted of 63 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, training, practice characteristics, and rounding practices.

RESULTS:

Among 265 respondents (response rate: 70%), 78% practiced in academic hospitals and 22% in nonacademic hospitals. The prevalences of specific rounding categories were as follows: FCRs, 44%; sit-down, 24%; hallway, 21%; others, 11%. FCRs occurred significantly more often in academic (48%) than nonacademic (31%) hospitals (P = .04). FCRs can include pediatric residents, bedside nurses, charge nurses, case managers, pharmacists, and social workers. Academic settings and higher average daily patient censuses, but not FCRs, were significantly associated with prolonged rounding duration. The most commonly perceived FCR benefits included increased family involvement and understanding, trainee role modeling, and effective team communication. Physical constraints, trainees' apprehensions, and time were the main perceived FCR barriers. Greater perceived benefit/barrier ratios, FCR benefits, and family involvement in care were associated with a greater likelihood of conducting FCRs, whereas a greater number of perceived FCR barriers was associated with not conducting FCRs.

CONCLUSIONS:

FCRs were the most-common rounding category among respondents. FCRs were not associated with a self-reported increase in rounding duration. Successful FCR implementation may require educating staff members and trainees about FCR benefits and addressing FCR barriers.
Children's Language Ability and Psychosocial Development: A 29-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Parsons Samantha , Rush Robert , Law James
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES:

Little is known on the psychosocial adult outcomes of children's early language skills or intervening circumstances. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal trajectory linking childhood receptive language skills to psychosocial outcomes in later life.

METHODS:

The study comprised 6941 men and women who participated in a nationally representative Birth Cohort Study. Direct assessment of language skills were made at age 5. The sample was studied again at age 34 to assess psychosocial outcomes and levels of adult mental health. Characteristics of the family environment, individual adjustment, and social adaptation in the transition to adulthood were assessed as potential moderating factors linking early language skills to adult mental health.

RESULTS:

In early childhood, cohort members with poor receptive language experienced more disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances than cohort members with normal language skills and showed more behavior and psychosocial adjustment problems in the transition to adulthood. At age 34, cohort members with poor early language skills reported lower levels of mental health than cohort members with normal language. After adjustment for family background and experiences of social adaptation, early language skills maintained a significant and independent impact in predicting adult mental health.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early receptive language skills are significantly associated with adult mental health as well as psychosocial adjustment during early childhood and in later life. The needs of children with language problems are complex and call for early and continuing provision of educational support and services.
Decompressive craniectomy in massive cerebral infarction
Authors: Mattos João Paulo , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Almeida João Paulo Cavalcante de , Albuquerque Lucas Alverne Freitas de , Silva Élton Gomes da , Marenco Horácio Armando , Oliveira Evandro de
Published: June 2010

Twenty one patients were submitted to decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarct. Ten patients (47.6%) presented a good outcome at the 6 months evaluation, eight had a poor outcome (38%) and three died (14.2%). There was no outcome statistical difference between surgery before and after 24 hours of ictus, dominant and non-dominant stroke groups. Patients older than 60 years and those who had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)<8 in the pre-surgical exam presented worst outcome at six months (p<0.05). Decompressive craniectomy for space-occupying large hemispheric infarction increases the probability of survival. Age lower than 60 years, GCS >8 at pre-surgical exam and decompressive craniectomy before signs of brain herniation represent the main factors related to a better outcome. Dominant hemispheric infarction does not represent exclusion criteria.
Inhibitory action of antioxidants (ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) on seizures and brain damage induced by pilocarpine in rats
Authors: Tomé Adriana da Rocha , Ferreira Paulo Michel Pinheiro , Freitas Rivelilson Mendes de
Published: June 2010

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy in humans. Oxidative stress is a mechanism of cell death induced by seizures. Antioxidant compounds have neuroprotective effects due to their ability to inhibit free radical production. The objectives of this work were to comparatively study the inhibitory action of antioxidants (ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) on behavioral changes and brain damage induced by high doses of pilocarpine, aiming to further clarify the mechanism of action of these antioxidant compounds. In order to determinate neuroprotective effects, we studied the effects of ascorbic acid (250 or 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and α-tocopherol (200 or 400 mg/kg, i.p.) on the behavior and brain lesions observed after seizures induced by pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., P400 model) in rats. Ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol injections prior to pilocarpine suppressed behavioral seizure episodes. These findings suggested that free radicals can be produced during brain damage induced by seizures. In the P400 model, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol significantly decreased cerebral damage percentage. Antioxidant compounds can exert neuroprotective effects associated with inhibition of free radical production. These results highlighted the promising therapeutic potential of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Cursos superiores de tecnologia em gestão: reflexões e implicações da expansão de uma (nova) modalidade de ensino superior em administração no Brasil
Authors: Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wünsch
Published: June 2010

A partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), Lei no 9.394/96, a educação profissional tem passado por profundas mudanças no Brasil. Os cursos superiores de tecnologia (CSTs), que existem desde os anos 1970, foram reformulados a fim de atender às demandas atuais do setor produtivo e ampliar o acesso ao ensino superior. As políticas públicas federais têm fomentado o crescimento da oferta da educação profissional tecnológica superior brasileira, em nível de graduação e pós-graduação, o que pode ser observado nos dados censitários. Tal fato suscita a reflexão de algumas questões. O que a expansão desses cursos significa para a área de administração? Em que eles são diferentes dos tradicionais cursos de bacharelado? Qual a importância de analisar essa modalidade de ensino? De forma geral, o que representa para o cenário nacional essa mudança no ensino superior brasileiro? Mediante tais considerações e com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em dados secundários, este artigo propõe um debate sobre os possíveis impactos desse crescimento para a própria modalidade de ensino, para as instituições ofertantes e para o ensino em administração no Brasil. Por fim, a partir de tais questionamentos, busca-se oferecer elementos para a organização de uma agenda de pesquisas com vistas ao acompanhamento da expansão dos CSTs em administração.
Geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in La Convención province, Cusco, Peru
Authors: Torres V. Dina Beatriz , Cabrera Rufino
Published: June 2010

The geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in three districts of the province of La Convención, Cusco, Peru are presented. In the district of Vilcabamba, eight adults of Rhodnius pictipes and five adults of Panstrongylus geniculatus were found. In the district of Ocobamba, 19 adults, 14 nymphs, and eggs of P. rufotuberculatus were found. In the district of Echarate, six adults and 10 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus, an adult of R. pictipes and P. geniculatus, and a nymph of P. rufotuberculatus were also found. The geographical distribution of E. mucronatus has extended to Cusco. This is the first report in Peru of household colonization by this triatomine.
Staphylococcus warneri meningitis in a patient with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and lymphoma: first report of a case
Authors: Incani Renzo Nino , Hernández Marcos , Cortez Jackeline , González María Elena , Dorel Salazar Yaimir
Published: June 2010

A case of meningitis due to Staphylococcus warneri in a patient with a hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis possibly associated with rituximab treatment for mantel cell lymphoma is reported for the first time in the literature. The patient was a 59-year-old woman, with a 3-year history of an apparently well controlled lymphoma after treatment with chemotherapy-immunotherapy and then immunotherapy alone, and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Meningitis was diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid culture and tested with an automated plate system. The patient was successfully treated with vancomycin; although fever and productive cough persisted. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia developed three weeks later. Hyperinfection syndrome by S. stercoralis was diagnosed, with abundant larvae in feces and expectoration.
A comunicação da suspensão de cirurgias pediátricas: sentimentos dos familiares envolvidos no processo
Authors: Risso Amanda Creste Martins da Costa Ribeiro , Braga Eliana Mara
Published: June 2010

A hospitalização é uma experiência complexa, sendo agravada no caso de necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica, principalmente quando o paciente é criança. Quando a cirurgia é suspensa, paciente e seus familiares podem apresentar sentimentos de insegurança, angústia e ansiedade. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e descrever a percepção de quinze mães e/ou responsáveis por crianças de 0 a 18 anos, internadas em um hospital, após receberem a notícia de que a cirurgia de seu filho foi suspensa. É um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, que utilizou o referencial teórico da Comunicação Interpessoal e o metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que as suspensões de cirurgias pediátricas são fatos presentes na instituição, que trazem repercussões ao paciente e familiares, e à organização institucional; que a comunicação entre profissionais da saúde, pacientes e familiares é inadequada; que a atuação do enfermeiro na notícia da suspensão da cirurgia precisa ser efetiva.
Saúde mental e enfermagem na estratégia saúde da família: como estão atuando os enfermeiros?
Authors: Ribeiro Laiane Medeiros , Medeiros Soraya Maria de , Albuquerque Jonas Sâmi de , Fernandes Sandra Michelle Bessa de Andrade
Published: June 2010

O elo entre as práticas de saúde mental e a Estratégia Saúde da Família está alicerçado no vínculo, na corresponsabilidade, no envolvimento e conhecimento do grupo familiar. Estudo do tipo analítico, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a técnica de história oral temática. Foi realizado com dez enfermeiros pertencentes a três unidades de saúde da família do Distrito Sanitário Oeste da cidade de Natal/RN. Seu objetivo foi descrever as atividades voltadas para a atenção ao portador de transtorno mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família e identificar se os profissionais encontram-se preparados para atender a essa clientela específica. De acordo com as falas pôde-se constatar que não há atividades para o portador de transtorno mental na rede básica, e que a falta de capacitação das enfermeiras emerge como um desafio a ser superado.
Obesidade como fator de risco para a hipertensão entre profissionais de enfermagem de uma instituição filantrópica
Authors: Oliveira Aline Furtado Carlos de , Nogueira Maria Suely
Published: June 2010

Analisou-se a presença de obesidade relacionada com níveis de pressão alterados entre os profissionais de enfermagem de uma instituição filantrópica, tendo em vista a detecção precoce de possíveis hipertensos. A população constituiu-se de 147 profissionais de enfermagem com idade de 20-70 anos. Realizou-se entrevista estruturada, individual, pelo pesquisador no local de trabalho desses profissionais. 91,8% eram mulheres; 29,2% possuíam idade superior a 40 anos; 11,6% apresentaram PAS>140mmHg e 6,8% PAD>90mmHg; 12,2% apresentaram obesidade grau I-II; 38,1% das mulheres, RCQ>0,85, 12,2% com idade 40-49 anos; 2,1% dos homens apresentaram RCQ>1,0, 1,4% encontravam-se na faixa etária 40-49 anos. É possível identificar que, embora os profissionais de enfermagem conheçam a gravidade da doença e a importância da mudança nos hábitos de vida, ainda apresentam dificuldade para tal comportamento, o que sugere a necessidade de implementação de programas educativos no local de trabalho, de modo a contribuir e favorecer a mudança de comportamento destes profissionais.
Os desafios enfrentados pelos iniciantes na prática de enfermagem
Authors: Silva Denise Guerreiro Vieira da , Souza Sabrina da Silva de , Trentini Mercedes , Bonetti Albertina , Mattosinho Mariza Maria Serafim
Published: June 2010

O estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os desafios enfrentados pelas enfermeiras no início da profissão. As informações foram obtidas por entrevistas semiestruturadas de 31 profissionais de enfermagem formados entre 2000 a 2004. A análise foi feita pelo software Atlas Ti para análise qualitativa. Os recém-graduados enfrentaram desafios referentes às atividades: a) Relacionamento com a equipe de trabalho; b) Competência e habilidade técnica. Conclui-se que os recém-graduados estão pouco preparados para desempenhar a função de liderar uma equipe de enfermagem, bem como para o cuidado em unidades de alta complexidade. Para enfrentar esses desafios, novas estratégias de ensino e de prática devem ser traçadas de comum acordo entre docentes e enfermeira e enfermeiros atuantes na prática.
La bioprospección como un mecanismo de cooperación internacional para fortalecimiento de capacidades en ciencia y tecnología en Colombia
Authors: Torres Oscar Duarte , Velho Lea
Published: June 2010

La bioprospección, definida como la exploración de la biodiversidad para fines comerciales, se ha convertido recientemente en una potencial estrategia mediante la cual los países ricos en biodiversidad pueden aumentar sus capacidades endógenas para realizar actividades de CyT, especialmente mediante la interacción con otros países de mayor desarrollo tecnológico. Es así, como este trabajo se concentra en analizar la mecánica de cooperación internacional de un país considerado megadiverso, Colombia, a través del análisis de coautoría de 342 artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en las redes ISI y SCOPUS, información que se complementa mediante entrevistas con 12 líderes de grupos colombianos. Los resultados evidencian que España es el país con mayor colaboración con Colombia; que la cooperación con países de América se sitúa en un tercer plano y ésta se intensifica cuando hay de por medio un país europeo; la escasa cooperación entre grupos colombianos origina una agenda de investigación dispersa y en temas muy variados sin orientación y prioridades estratégicas.
Uma visão arquivística sobre os documentos fotográficos referentes ao decanato de ensino de graduação presentes no acervo do Centro de Documentação da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Lopez André Porto Ancona , Borges Leandro de Melo
Published: June 2010

O Centro de Documentação da Universidade de Brasília (Cedoc) é um órgão de assessoramento da administração superior da Universidade. Tem por finalidade recolher, preservar e garantir o acesso aos documentos arquivísticos de valor permanente, produzidos e acumulados pelas áreas meio e fim da UNB, bem como aos bens culturais e históricos, constituindo instrumento de apoio à administração, à cultura, à história e ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. O artigo está limitado às fotografias oriundas do Decanato de Ensino de Graduação (DEG), constantes do acervo, verificando a adequação do tratamento desse material às diretrizes teórico-metodológicas da arquivologia. Foi percebido que o sistema configura-se de maneira a privilegiar o conteúdo das imagens, ao contrário do que se espera de um arquivo, onde o contexto arquivístico deveria ser ponto primordial para a organização e descrição das fotografias.
O fluxo da informação na prática clínica dos médicos residentes: análise na perspectiva da medicina baseada em evidências
Authors: Savi Maria Gorete Monteguti , Silva Edna Lucia da
Published: June 2010

Pesquisa que analisa o fluxo da informação na prática clínica dos médicos residentes. Para tal, considera os preceitos da medicina baseada em evidências (MBE) e elege como lócus de pesquisa o Hospital Universitário da UFSC e como universo os médicos residentes atuantes nos seus ambulatórios. A relevância do desenvolvimento da pesquisa está amparada em alguns argumentos: reconhecimento da MBE na prática clínica como alternativa para dar suporte à decisão clínica, através da seleção das fontes de informação de maior evidência disponíveis na literatura médica; constatação que há lacuna na literatura nacional para estudos com médicos residentes, uma vez que a maioria das pesquisas enfoca a forma como médicos e professores da área de saúde usam os sistemas e serviços de informação; convicção que o uso de informação selecionada de forma criteriosa possibilitará uma prática clínica mais eficaz. A pesquisa identificou e analisou os processos envolvidos no fluxo informacional na prática clínica do médico, sob as perspectivas de seleção, acesso, recuperação e uso das fontes de informação. Apresenta um modelo de fluxo de informação ideal na perspectiva da MBE.
Brotação de gemas em macieiras 'Imperial Gala' e 'Fuji Suprema' pelo uso de Erger® e nitrato de cálcio
Authors: Hawerroth Fernando José , Petri José Luiz , Leite Gabriel Berenhauser , Herter Flavio Gilberto
Published: June 2010

Apesar da alta eficiência de algumas substâncias químicas na indução da brotação de frutíferas de clima temperado, a elevada toxicidade apresentada por esses compostos é um dos principais problemas relacionados ao seu uso. Resultados preliminares indicam que Erger®, composto à base de nitrogênio, combinado com nitrato de cálcio, tem efeito similar à cianamida hidrogenada, com a vantagem de ser menos agressivo ao ambiente. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da combinação de Erger® e nitrato de cálcio como indutor de brotação em macieira. O experimento foi conduzido em Caçador-SC, no ano de 2007, sendo efetuada a aplicação de diferentes indutores de brotação em macieiras das cultivares 'Imperial Gala' e 'Fuji Suprema'. Os indutores de brotação testados foram Erger® a 3% + nitrato de cálcio a 3%, Erger® a 5% + nitrato de cálcio a 5%, Erger® a 7% + nitrato de cálcio a 7%, óleo mineral 3,2% + cianamida hidrogenada 0,34% e a testemunha (sem aplicação). Foram avaliadas as datas de ocorrência das fases de início, plena e fim de floração, brotação de gemas axilares e terminais, uniformidade da brotação de gemas axilares e frutificação efetiva. Os indutores de brotação aumentaram significativamente a brotação de gemas axilares e terminais, assim como aumentaram a uniformidade da brotação e a coincidência de florescimento das cultivares Imperial Gala e Fuji Suprema. As combinações de Erger® e nitrato de cálcio apresentaram desempenho similar à cianamida hidrogenada e ao óleo mineral na brotação de gemas e na uniformização da brotação, mostrando ser uma eficiente alternativa para a indução da brotação em macieira. Em função do efeito negativo sobre a frutificação efetiva em macieiras 'Imperial Gala', indica-se a utilização de Erger® e nitrato de cálcio em concentrações inferiores a 7%.
Quantificação da ferrugem asiática e aspectos nutricionais de soja suprida com silício em solução nutritiva
Authors: Lima Luciana Maria de , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Pozza Adélia Aziz Alexandre , Fonseca Thiago Antônio de Pádua Silva , Carvalho Janice Guedes de
Published: June 2010

Para quantificar a severidade da ferrugem, os teores de clorofilas a e b e os carotenóides e também a nutrição em plantas de soja supridas com silício, implantou-se um experimento em blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em doses de silicato de potássio (0 mg/L, 56 mg/L, 112 mg/L, 168 mg/L, 224 mg/L e 280 mg/L). As plantas foram inoculadas no estádio V4. Nove dias após a inoculação, iniciaram-se as avaliações semanais do número de lesões de ferrugem da soja/cm² de área foliar, no total de cinco. Ao final do experimento, os dados foram integrados ao longo do tempo, obtendo-se a área abaixo da curva do número de lesões/cm² (AACNL). Após o término das avaliações, determinou-se a quantidade de clorofilas a e b, carotenóides e lignina das folhas das plantas de soja com as doses crescentes de silício. Os teores de macro e micronutrientes da parte aérea das plantas também foram analisados. Observou-se redução da AACNL com aumento das doses de silício na solução nutritiva. A AACNL reduziu, enquanto que os teores de fósforo, cálcio, enxofre e zinco, de clorofila b, carotenóides e lignina, na parte aérea, aumentaram com a adição de silício.
Caracterização biológica e molecular de isolados do Citrus tristeza virus com potencial para utilização em programas de pré-imunização
Authors: Costa Alessandra Tenório , Nunes William Mário de Carvalho , Corazza Maria Júlia , Zanutto Carlos Alexandre , Müller Gerd Walter
Published: June 2010

O experimento teve como objetivo caracterizar biológica e molecularmente os isolados de CTV, obtidos de árvores de laranja Pêra em pomares das regiões Norte e Noroeste do Paraná, visando selecionar isolados fracos do Citrus tristeza virus com capacidade protetiva para pré-imunização. Os resultados apontaram sintomas fracos a moderados de caneluras e revelaram similaridade genética da maioria dos isolados analisados e o isolado fraco controle, sugerindo que as plantas selecionadas estão infectadas por haplótipos fracos de CTV, com potencial para serem utilizadas como plantas matrizes.
Influência pH na reposta de sementes de plantas daninhas a substâncias promotoras de germinação
Authors: Carmona Ricardo
Published: June 2010

Determinou-se o efeito do pH na ação de algumas subst âncias promotoras de germinação em sementes de Chenopodium album L., Avena fatua L. e Rumex crispus L. A azida de sódio (A), nitrato de potássio + etileno (NE), NE + A, NE + A + tiuréia + peróxido de hidrogênio foram testados em solo (em bandej as) e em papel (in vitro) com soluções tampão em ambiente controlado. O efeito do NE no estímulo à germinação de sementes não foi afetado pelo pH na faixa de 3 a 9. A azida de sódio foi a substância que mais afetou as sementes, sendo este efeito pH dependente. Este composto foi extremamente deletério em sementes de C. album e A. fatua em solo ácido (pH 4,0), enquanto em solo básico ele estimulou a germinação em sementes de A. fatua, através da superação da dormência A combinação de NE + A em pH 6,2 inibiu a germinação de C. album e A. fatua, mostrando um antagonismo entre estes compostos. A mistura dos cinco compostos reduziu a influência do pH na ação deletéria da azida de sódio. O efeito deletério da azida foi menos afetado pela temperatura do que sua ação como superador de dormência. A solução extraída do solo não afetou a resposta de tratamentos químicos in vitro em diferentes temperaturas comparado a soluções tampão em pH semelhante. Discute-se a influência das características do solo na eficácia de substâncias químicas como superadores de dormência ou tratamentos deletérios às sementes.
Análise do risco da ocorrência de biotipos de plantas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas
Authors: Vidal Ribas A. , Fleck Nilson C.
Published: June 2010

A análise do risco da ocorrência de biótipos de planta s daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas dispõe de fundamentos teóricos adequados, porém é limitada pela falta de mais informações genéticas das espécies daninhas. O risco de encontrar uma área infestada com biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas depende de dois aspectos: da probabilidade de seleção de um mutante resistente a certo mecanismo de ação herbicida; e da probabilidade de infestação da área com plantas resistentes, a partir daquele mutante selecionado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência de fatores genéticos na probabilidade de seleção de um mutante resistente a determinado mecanismo de ação herbicida e assim prever o risco de serem encontrados biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas. Os fatores que determinam a probabilidade de selecionar um mutante resistente aos herbicidas podem ser agrupados em três categorias: os relacionados à genética da resistência; os relacionados ao número de plantas daninhas sob seleção; e os relacionados ao herbicida. Os fatores relacionados à genética da resistência são dependentes da freqüência inicial do alelo de resistência, da dominância e do tipo de polinização da espécie. Os fatores relacionados ao número de indivíduos são a área tratada com o herbicida e o grau de infestação da área. Os fatores relacionados aos herbicidas são o seu mecanismo de ação e a sua freqüência de uso na área. As previsões matemáticas indicam alto risco de ocorrência de resistência em áreas com alta infestação de plantas daninhas e que são aspergidas com herbicidas cujos mecanismos de ação apresentam histórico de alta freqüência inicial do alelo de resistência nas populações de plantas daninhas.