bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPOSIÇÃO ELETROLÍTICA E MINERAL DO LEITE DE LACTANTES A TERMO PRÉ E PÓS-PASTEURIZAÇÃO E DE LEITE CRU DE MÃES DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ-TERMO
Authors: Codo Carla Regina Bianchi , Caldas Jamil Pedro de Siqueira , Peixoto Rafaella Regina Alves , Sanches Vitor Lacerda , Guiraldelo Tamara Cristina , Cadore Solange , Marba Sérgio Tadeu Martins
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar e comparar as concentrações de eletrólitos e minerais no leite humano em três grupos: amostras analisadas antes e após pasteurização de lactantes doadoras a termo e amostra de leite cru colhida à beira do leito de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Foram dosadas concentrações de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em amostras aleatórias de leite humano nos três grupos. As amostras foram analisadas por mineralização ácida assistida por radiação micro-ondas e posteriormente por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e expressas em mg/L, com cálculo de médias e desvio padrão. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita por análise de variância (ANOVA)/teste de Tukey. Nível de significância aceito de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se redução significante dos teores de Ca (259,4±96,8 vs. 217,0±54,9; p=0,003), P (139,1±51,7 vs. 116,8±33,3; p=0,004) e K (580,8±177,1 vs. 470,9±109,4; p<0,0001) após a pasteurização. As amostras de leite cru colhidas à beira do leito apresentaram teores estatisticamente mais elevados de Na (2 vezes) do que o leite a termo de doadora. Ca e P só atingiriam a ingestão recomendada pela European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition se o leite materno fosse ofertado em volume de 60 mL a cada 3 horas. Concentrações de Mg não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Houve uma redução significativa de Ca, P e K nas amostras após pasteurização e os valores de Na no leite cru coletado à beira do leito foram superiores àqueles pré-pasteurização.
Pátria-Nova e Integralismo Lusitano: propostas autoritárias em contato por meio de revistas luso-brasileiras
Authors: Cazetta Felipe
Published: February 2018

Resumo Os intelectuais têm laços de sociabilidade dinâmicos, que por vezes transcendem os limites da proximidade geográfica. Ao identificarem a partilha de projetos, estabelecem contatos entre si, com o intuito de estreitar relações ou, ao menos, apresentar os aspectos comuns entre as correntes de pensamento para fortalecer vínculos. Assim, este artigo apresenta a consonância de valores, projetos e códigos por meio de correspondências estabelecidas entre as revistas Política, de viés conservador e simpático ao fascismo em Portugal, e o grupo patrianovista, representante do monarquismo orgânico no Brasil.
Influence of soil nutrients on plant characteristics and soil hydrological responses
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Tasnim R. , Capobianco V. , Coo J. L.
Published: February 2018

The effects of nutrients on plant growth have been widely studied. In agricultural research, some studies have showed significant root growth in high-nutrient-supplied soil, however, some other studies, reported better lateral root growth in low-nutrient-supplied conditions. However, the effects of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) water-soluble fertilisers on plant roots and shoot growth in bioengineered soil slopes and their influence on soil suction and water-retention ability are still unclear. This paper quantifies the growth of a tree in NPK nutrient-supplied soil and its effects on tree-induced soil suction and water-retention ability during evapotranspiration. Three replicates of Schefflera heptaphylla (Ivy tree) were grown for 6 months in nutrient-poor and nutrient-supplied compacted soils typical of bioengineered slopes and embankments. Plant characteristics, induced suction and volumetric water content (VWC) were monitored throughout the growth period. After 6 months of growth, leaf area index (LAI) and peak root area index (RAI) increased by 350 and 133%, respectively, in nutrient-supplied soil compared with the nutrient-poor soil. This is because nitrogen stimulated chlorophyll synthesis enabling plants to produce larger leaves. Additionally, nitrogen mediated phosphorous to be utilised by roots in soil to induce growth of fine roots and thus increase the root surface area and root volume in soil pores. After 3 days of drying, the vegetated nutrient-supplied soil induced 15–50 kPa higher suction than the vegetated nutrient-poor soil due to the higher RAI, LAI and root volume of the plants grown in nutrient-supplied soil, which enable plants to absorb and transpire more water. In contrast, the water-retention ability reduced in the nutrient-rich vegetated soil because more clustered fine roots in soil pores decreased the pore diameter and increased suction.
Durability and mechanical properties of precast concrete curb containing waste copper slag
Authors: Peirovi Mohamad , Labafzadeh Mohamad Saleh , Dehghani Ayoub , Meftahi Farshad
Published: February 2018

Copper slag is a by-product which has been widely used in several industries. After being used for abrasive tools, it is discarded in the environment where it can have a harmful impact. The size of copper slag particles ranges up to a diameter of 3 mm, and is of a relatively similar size to fine sand, for which it could therefore be substituted in the production of precast concrete curbing. To this aim, the strength and the durability of curbing were evaluated through a series of tests on six different proportions of waste copper slag ranging from  0 to 100% replacement of fine sand. It is concluded that substituting 40% of fine sand with waste copper slag yields the best mechanical and durability properties. By replacing this proportion, the compressive and bending strength of concrete increased by almost 30% and 14%, respectively. However, a slight effect was found in the total water absorption and abrasive resistance. The freeze–thaw resistance of concrete curbs increased significantly after a 20% replacement by waste copper. This study reveals that it is possible to substitute fine sand with waste copper slag without any negative effect on the properties of the curbing.
OBESIDADE, PERFIL LIPÍDICO E HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES DE ESCOLARES: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MUNICÍPIOS DE DOIS ESTADOS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Macari Cassiano , Valim Andréia Rosane de Moura , De Sá Clodoaldo Antônio , Silva Priscila Tatiana da , Barbian Cláudia Daniela , Burgos Miria Suzana , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves
Published: February 2018

O objetivo foi comparar o perfil nutricional, lipídico e hábitos alimentares de escolares de dois municípios do sul do Brasil. O estudo transversal avaliou indicadores de obesidade, perfil lipídico e hábitos alimentares de escolares de 7-17 anos, de Santa Cruz do Sul–RS e Chapecó–SC. Observou-se diferença (p
CONHECIMENTO DE PAIS/CUIDADORES SOBRE SAÚDE BUCAL NA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Macambira Dírlia Silva Cardoso , Chaves Emilia Soares , Costa Edmara Chaves
Published: February 2018

A informação acerca da importância dos aspectos nutricionais, higiênicos e outros relativos aos cuidados básicos de saúde bucal tende a resultar em uma redução da doença cárie. Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento de pais/cuidadores sobre saúde bucal na infância. Estudo quantitativo, transversal comparativo, realizado no período de outubro/2015 a março/2016 em uma unidade de atenção primária à saúde. A amostra de 62 pais/cuidadores foi dividida em dois grupos: com puericultura odontológica e sem puericultura odontológica. O instrumento de coleta de dados consistiu de formulário com perguntas fechadas. Maior adesão e frequência diária de escovação dentária, maior número de crianças com primeira consulta ao dentista, menor consumo diário de açúcar e doces e maior consumo de verduras e suco sem açúcar foram achados do grupo com puericultura odontológica. Pais/cuidadores que receberam orientações do cirurgião-dentista sobre cuidados em saúde bucal demonstraram maior conhecimento e melhores práticas relativos a este tema quando comparados àqueles que não receberam.
Clinical profile of congenital limb anomalies in neonates
Authors: Parikh Yogesh N. , Kalathia Mitul B. , Soodhana Dhanya
Published: February 2018

Background: Reported birth prevalence of congenital limb defects vary from country to country. Epidemiological studies permit the timely detection of trends in congenital limb anomalies and the associations with other birth defects. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence and the variety of congenital limb anomalies and their association with other anomalies.Methods: A prospective observational study in which all newborns reported to the neonatal department were surveyed to find out the incidence, diversity and association of limb anomalies. Age of the mother, risk factors and other demographic data of the newborns was analyzed. Babies born less than 28 weeks were excluded from the study.Results: The prevalence was 6.34 per thousand live births. The majority of the neonates were term babies and female. 28 % of the babies were born out of consanguineous marriage. The mean age of the mother was 25. Median parity was 1. 9.52 % of the babies had a history of anomaly in the sibling. 4.76 % had a history of still birth. The most common congenital anomaly was congenital talipo equino varus. The other congenital limb anomalies observed were polydactyly, syndactyly, bifid thumb and absence of the radius. There were multiple congenital anomalies in 28.57 % of the babies.Conclusions: The study has given us an insight into the variety of congenital limb malformations and also into the possible etiological factors. A study done on a larger population would probably help us assess the incidence and pattern of occurrence of limb anomalies and help us counsel the parents.
A study of risk factors for catheter associated urinary tract infection
Authors: P. Leelakrishna , Rao B. Karthik
Published: February 2018

Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common causes of UTIs in postoperative cases. Many risk factors are associated with its incidence. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the related risk factors and to identify the causative agents contributing to the urinary tract infection.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 210 patients meeting the requirements of inclusion criteria during September 2012 to February 2014. Detailed history of the patients was recorded. Urine culture was done at different time intervals to identify the causative agent suggestive to CAUTI. Univariate analyses of the association of each variable with CAUTI and multivariable logistic regression were done to predict CAUTI outcome.Results: The mean age of study participants was 51.61 years. Among them 141 were males and 69 were female patients. On univariate analysis purpose for urine catheterization, place of catheterization, breach in the closed system of drainage, duration of catheterization, hemoglobin value less than 10, raised renal parameters with serum creatinine more than 1.5 were all significantly associated with development of CAUTI (p value 0.000). Sex of the patient (p value 0.279) and catheter size (p value 0.279) was not found to have a significant correlation with increased risk of CAUTI. On multivariate analysis, age, catheter size, diabetes, duration of catheterization, a breach in the closed system of catheter drainage  and sex were found to be the significant risk factors associated with CAUTI (p<0.05).Conclusion: An understanding of the risk factors in development of CAUTI, significantly helps in reducing the additional burden on the health care system. Measures such as shortening the duration of catheterization, strict control of diabetes and sterile precautions in insertion and maintenance of indwelling catheters can help in prevention CAUTI.
Value education and character in textbook of PAI and Character on junior high school year 2017 (analysis content, implementation and strategy)
Authors: Maftukhah Awalina
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research is to know the content value and character in textbook of Islamic Religious Education and Character on Junior High School. The implementation and character in SMP Negeri 1 Salatiga, SMP Islam Al Azhar 18 Salatiga and SMP Muhammadiyah Salatiga and the teacher’s strategy of character implementation in the school. This research uses a qualitative approach with a focus on values educationand characters in the handbook Islamic Religious Education. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The validity of research data is by using triangulation techniques with theory. This research also uses observative method, interview and documentation method. Based on this research, can be conclude that the content in textbook of Islamic education and character in Junior High School have 18 point and character. There are some strategy that used by teacher in SMP Negeri 1 Salatiga, SMP Islam Al Azhar 18 Salatiga and SMP Muhammadiyah Salatiga such as integrating in learning. Moreover, it’s also doing by self development in school activity, prayer dhuha, Ikrar and PPK.
Overview English asa Second Language for Young Learners
Authors: Rini Setia
Published: February 2018

Young learners have special charactheristics hence the teachers of English as a Second language needs special strategy too. It is indicated that the increas of abilities to learn second language is started from the early age. We can imagine when the teachers do not use and apply appropriate teaching methods and strategy in teaching English for young learners. As a result, the students’ achievement does not work well. Thus, except to be successful in teaching English for young learners, it is very necessary for teachers to understand  the characteristics of young learners.’ Learning method s will influence how a teacher makes a lesson plan according to  young  learners’ minds. This article tries to explain some methods of young learners in teaching English as a second language for young learners
Automated System for Measuring Geometric Parameters of Graphite Masonry and Measuring Deviations of Technological Channels from the Vertical of the Channel Reactor EGP-6
Authors: Teterevenkov D.A. , Minin S.I.
Published: February 2018

The system solves the problem of controlling the curvature and the diameter of the cells of the graphite masonry of the EGP-6 reactors in two mutually perpendicular planes during the routine preventive and overhaul repairs.Diameter control is carried out by means of 4 sensors of displacement of the resistor type fixed on the sensor probe block. Each of the sensors is mechanically connected to the roller, which is in direct contact with the channel wall. Diameter measurement uses data from sensors connected to two opposite rollers.Curvature control is performed using an ultrasonic inclinometer filled with liquid, which is located in the tail part of the probe. The inclinometer is designed for measuring angles of inclination in 2 mutually perpendicular planes. The data from the inclinometer is transmitted via the interface to an analog-to-digital converter, which is located in the measuring unit and is designed to convert the interface to USB.
Comparison of Different Fuel Compositions for a Research Reactor with Thermal Power of up to 10 MW
Authors: Levchenko Yulia , Zevyakin Alexander , Karazhielievskaia Yulia , Terekhova Anna
Published: February 2018

In this article the prospect of using carbide fuel in a research reactor for export to countries with developing nuclear power is consider. The choice of a fuel composition for a research reactor is an important part in substantiating of the neutron-physical and economic characteristics of a reactor facility, and is also an important part of the control-dependent self-sustaining fission chain reaction in a nuclear reactor that affects the specifics of management. For reducing the economic component in the design of this reactor core of the research reactor, structural materials and design solutions are used that have extensive experience in domestic power engineering. In this work UO2-ThO2 and PuO2-ThO2 was selected as the considered fuel compositions. In the course of the study, characteristics were obtained for a burnup of the fuel compositions under study, the initial reserve of reactivity and the duration of the fuel campaign.
Modernization of the Data Processing Device for the Boron Concentration Meter
Authors: I.S. Kryukov , D.V. Kozyr , K.A. Mukhamedov
Published: February 2018

Currently all nuclear power plants with VVER -reactors used data measuring systems called a Boron Concentration Meter (NAR). They are necessary for the boron control implementation. NAR consists of sensors and auxiliary devices, and it includes the device of storage and data processing (UNO). Both the rapid evolution of computer architectures, and associated microprocessor hardware updates in the electronics market create a necessity of a new device development. The main design goals both are to optimize the hardware solutions and to use a new software and algorithmic capabilities. However, another development goal is not only the upgrading of circuitry and software, but the optimization of calibration process in the NAR and testing it.
Development of an Experimental Reactor VVER-SKD 30 MW on Supercritical Water
Authors: G.S. Novikova , G.P. Bogoslovskaya
Published: February 2018

The results of neutron-physical calculations of various variants of the location of the VVER-SKD core of 30 MW on the water of supercritical parameters are considered. The calculation is made for various fuel loads: uranium, plutonium and thorium, which in the future is considered as one of the main energy resources of the nuclear industry. Studies show that it is advisable to design a reactor with a single-pass flow of coolant and a reflector of at least 20 cm.
The Most Efficient Target Development to Increase the 99Mo Production Using the VVR-ts Reactor Core
Authors: Fomin R.V. , Kolesov V.V. , Kochnov O.Y.
Published: February 2018

The article shows the possibility of increasing the 99Mo production using the modifyed target. It was shown that there is a significant reserve for increasing the production of the 99Mo isotope without a significant change in the core
The Application of Scanning Contact Potentiometry Method and Diffraction of Thermal Neutrons at Physico-Mechanical Tests of Materials
Authors: Ghazal A.A. Abu , Bokuchava G.D. , Papushkin I.V. , Surin V.I. , Shef E.A.
Published: February 2018

The results of physical and mechanical tests on the tensile strength of austenitic steel 12X18H10T, in the stress range from 100 MPa to the maximum value of 700 MPa, at which the sample was destroyed, are presented. Structural changes were registered synchronously by two methods: the method of scanning contact potentiometry and the method of diffraction of thermal neutrons. At loads above 650 MPa, the α-martensite phase was found in the austenite matrix, as well as the appearance of diffraction peaks characteristic of a cubic martensitic BCC lattice was observed in neutron spectra. On the potentiograms, this process corresponds to the appearance of local regions in which high values of electric potential gradients were observed. This is the case of discovery of the fatigue nucleus cracks in the tensile testing of steel ЭИ847 by the method of scanning contact potentiometry.
Investigation of Check Valve Aerodynamic Characteristics in Different Operating Modes
Authors: Pakholik D.A. , Sobolev A.V. , Shelegov A.S.
Published: February 2018

The paper presents a computational study of the NPP ventilation system check valve aerodynamics, namely, a numerical simulation of the air flowing through the open valve with the subsequent determination of the relationship between the reactive torque acting on the valve closure axles and the input air velocity.This numerical simulation of the air flowing through the check valve was performed using the ANSYS CFX program. In the computation, different operating modes of the check valve were considered when the air flow was passing through it. The valve operating modes were set depending on changes in the input air velocity. As a result of aerodynamic computation, the values of pressure and velocity components were obtained over the entire valve volume.Reactive forces were calculated in the ANSYS Mechanical program. The reactive forces acting on the valve body form a torque at the gate axles. When adjusting the check valve to the actual flow rate, it is necessary to know this torque value and compensate for it. As a result of a series of computations of reactive forces, a relationship was found between the torque value of the valve’s working element axles and the input air velocity.
The Practice of Additive Manufacturing for Estimation of Average Absorbed Dose in Clinical Proton Beams
Authors: Saburov V.O. , Troshina M.V. , Golovanova O.Ju. , Djuzhenko S.S. , Lychagin A.A , Ul'janenko S.E.
Published: February 2018

Abstract: There is a necessary requirement to provide precise dosimetry measurements for radiotherapy and radiobiological studies in the proton beams. The most common practice nowadays to obtain the dose distribution is the use of ionization chambers. However, for many needs, it is also required to estimate an average absorbed dose in the target, while the targets themselves might have complex geometries and large volumes. One of the recent successful method for such measurement is the chemical dosimetry using FBX solutions coupled with the additive manufacturing, which can ensure the accurate representation of complex target geometries. In this study, we chose an optimal chemically neutral material for 3D printing that is not reacting with any of FBX compounds, manufactured the sealed waterproof target models with complex geometry and performed preliminary measurements of the average absorbed dose in a number of volumes representing the different shapes of the targets. The obtained results strongly confirm the possibility of the use of the presented technology for practical dosimetry of proton beams.
Features of Burnup Calculations in the SERPENT 2 Software Package Using the Example of a BWR Fuel Assembly
Authors: Lam Pham Bui Dinh , V.V. Kolesov
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we used the data from “OECD/NEA Burnup Credit Criticality Benchmark Phase IIIB: Nuclide Composition and Neutron Multiplication Factor of BWR Spent Fuel Assembly” ([1]) for the verification of the SERPENT 2 code. The results obtained which were compared with the results of other authors, which were also given in “OECD/NEA Burnup Credit Criticality Benchmark Phase IIIB: Burnup Calculations of BWR Fuel Assemblies for Storage and Transport” ([2]). Investigations of the influence of the detailed model of pins and pins with gadolinium, as well as various methods of burn-up calculations were also carried out.
Control Quality of Welded Joints by Scanning Contact Potentiometry Method
Authors: Beketov V.G. , Surin V.I. , Dembitsky A.E. , Ghazal A.A. Abu , Alwaheba A.I.
Published: February 2018

Conducted evaluation of technical state of welded joints, welding the collectors of the primary loop to the body of the sample of steam generator PGV 1000, located in Resource center National Research Nuclear University MEPhI at "AEM-Technologies" Atommash factory in Volgodonsk. The results of point-by-point scan shows that SLS 1000 µv and above, for almost all samples detected multiple superficial imperfections caused by the presence of certain rust spots and traces of a deep spot corrosion, and the presence of small nicks, scratches and other imperfections.
The Development of Models to Predict the Stability of Natural Circulation of Heatoolant
Authors: E.E. Orekhova , V.V. Andreev , N.P. Tarasova
Published: February 2018

Concept of safety of nuclear power plants involves in larger quantities the use of passive systems. One of the main passive systems in nuclear power plant – the system of cooling of the reactor core. This system is based on gravitational forces. In this regard, nuclear energy increases the significance of such physical process, as the natural circulation. In addition to the benefits of the system there are drawbacks. There is the instability of the two-phase coolant, pulsation temperature and pressure, rollover and stagnation of circulation.
Measuring the Deceleration Parameter of the Fission Fragments in a Gaseous Environment for Uranium Coating the Laser-Active Element of the Laser with Nuclear Pumping
Authors: Kuharchuk О.F. , Pityk L.V.
Published: February 2018

Abstract: In this paper the results of the practical definition of the braking parameter of uranium coating fission fragment in the active laser element of nuclear-pumped laser in a gaseous environment are presented. A description of the experimental method for removing the fission spectra of a NPL uranium coating is given. This method is based on measuring the fission fragments energy spectra emitted from the coating to a gas mixture with the help of a semiconductor detector. To calibrate the fission fragment sensors a californium source the fragments of which have a characteristic spectrum is used. The results of the analysis of the sections of the experimental spectra are presented. On the basis of the findings the theoretical model of the fission energy transfer process in a gaseous environment were checked. As the determining parameters in the modeling of this process, the pressure of the gas mixture in the cuvette with the source and the distance from the fission fragment source to the semiconductor sensors are chosen. The functional dependences of the obtained amplitude spectra on these parameters are determined. A mathematical description of the disperse energy fragment process is presented. The basis of this description is a two-parameter dependence.
Testing of the SERPENT 2 Software Package and Calculation of the VVR-ts Research Reactor Lifetime
Authors: Yu.E. Karazhelevskaya , V.V. Kolesov , O.Yu. Kochnov , A.M. Terekhova
Published: February 2018

The possibility of calculating the non-standard geometry complex of the VVR-ts research reactor (a research water-water reactor for specific purposes) on the Serpent 2 software package is considered. Calculations of a real reactor lifetime conducted using the Serpent 2 software package are compared with calculations for the MCNP/VisualBurnOut and with the data from the archive.
Computational Analysis of the Shutdown of One MCP of VVER-1000 During Operation of the Reactor Facility at Nominal Power
Authors: Nikulin I.A. , Sobolev A.V. , Belozerov V.I.
Published: February 2018

The article considers results of the computational analysis of process with a disturbance in the operation of VVER-1000 reactor facility, caused by the de-energizing of a single Main Circulation Pump (MCP-195).Calculations of de-energizing of the MCP were made with the CORSAR/GP software package developed by Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Alexandrov RESE". This software package is a contour code which allows making calculations of emergency situations taking into account the operation of various systems, including safety systems. CORSAR/GP is certified and verified for facilities with water-cooled reactors including VVER-1000.Developed nodalization scheme (computational scheme) of the first circuit of VVER-1000 allows adding or excluding the operation of protective safety systems and can also be used for a computational analysis of other disturbances of normal operation.To perform the calculations parameters of the core were chosen to ensure conservative results for the parameters determining the current state of the reactor facility (fuel temperature, boiling point, etc.).The computational analysis showed that in case of de-energizing of a single MCP when the reactor is operated at nominal power criteria describing the safety of the facility are fulfilled, protective automatic actions of safety systems transfer the reactor facility to a controlled safe state.
Unmovable Detection Unit of the Thermal Neutron Flux in the Source Range of the Reactor
Authors: Koptelov Yu.S. , Malenkin D. A. , Mironov A. Yu. , Sadekov T. A.
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental research of the new unmovable detection unit of the thermal neutron flux in the source range of the reactor. The design features and the main parameters of this unit are also shown.
The Impact of Isotopic Composition of Lead on the Neutron-Physical Characteristics of Fast Reactor with Liquid Metal Coolant
Authors: Ivanova M.M. , Kolesov V.V. , Korobeinikov V.V. , Terehova A.M. , Khorasanov G.L.
Published: February 2018

It is well known, that lead coolant, highly enriched by 208Pb, has some advantages over other coolants. It is predicted that the use of 208Pb in the reactor core will lead to an increase in the production of plutonium and transmutation of long-lived decay products. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of the isotopic composition on the fast reactor neutron-physical characteristics. For this purpose we used the RBETS-M benchmark - a fast energy reactor that includes 12 zones with different sizes and temperatures of the materials. Calculations were performed for homogeneous and heterogeneous models. Our calculations show that the replacement of the coolant with the natural lead to 208Pb and 208Pb together with Bi can substantially improve the neutron-physical characteristics of the fast reactor, in particular by reducing the initial reactivity margin. Studies of the heterogeneity effect in the reactor model showed an increase in the effective multiplication factor of about 1.5% at the end of the campaign.
Computational Study of Two-Phase Flow Morphology in a Nozzle
Authors: B.V. Balakin , D.M. Kuzmenkov , K.V. Kutsenko , Yu.A. Maslov , N.A. Saparbaeva , V.S. Kharitonov
Published: February 2018

Multiphase flow meters are widely used in nuclear, petroleum and chemical industries. Here the flow rate is defined indirectly by the differential pressure measurement over the device. An additional measurement is required to estimate average density of the phase mixture. This could be done by means of the gamma-ray, electromagnetic or acoustic tomography. The accuracy of the technique is dependent on flow morphology. The present paper reports the results of CFD-modelling of the gas-liquid flow through the vertical flow meter accompanied by a flow conditioner. The model is used to consider the morphology for three different combinations of liquid and gas flow rates. The model demonstrates high non-uniformities of the flow field at the entrance of the flow meter and generally confirms the agreement of flow morphology with previous experimental observations for vertical pipes.
Recognition of the Incorrect Values of Measured Parameters at Nuclear Power Plant Operation in Stationary Modes
Authors: Chichikin G.V. , Leskin S.T. , Puzakov A.Y.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we consider a variant of solving the problem of recognizing incorrect values of the measured parameters on the power unit of a nuclear power station (NPP) using methods of the theory recognition of images. As initial data, the measured parameters of the primary circuit of a VVER NPP in cold and hot operating conditions are used. The analysis of the data structure and localization of the images of the states of the nuclear island is carried out in the two-dimensional space of the principal components. To classify the input data a decision rule is used  . Individual measurements that do not fall into any of the classes are most likely to be attributed to incorrect value.
Estimation of the Amounts of Curium and Americium Isotopes in SNF of the BN-600 Reactor
Authors: Lukyan E.I. , Khorasanov G.L. , Terekhova А.М.
Published: February 2018

The neutron-physical characteristics of curium and americium in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of the BN-600 reactor were considered in the work. With the help of the Serpent software complex, several models of the BN-600 reactor fuel assembly with different enrichment of fuel by U-235 were built. In BN-600, with the probability of dividing Am-241 by no more than 15%, incomplete burning of minor actinides (MA) occurs and even the accumulation of Cm-244, which is dangerous for storage.
The Concept of the Combined Thermal Protection System for Leading Edges of Hypersonic Vehicles with Use of Thermionic Emission
Authors: Khrapko V.Yu.
Published: February 2018

This work represents a conceptual stage of the project on development of technology of the combined thermal protection system for hypersonic vehicles heat-stressed surfaces with use of technology of the thermionic power cell and thermal protection system with an external emission of electrons. The relevance of this work is to develop thermal protection system technology for aircraft, enabling prolonged controlled flight at hypersonic speeds, while providing low aerodynamic resistance and relative weight, the consistency of the geometric shape of the hypersonic vehicles leading edge. The various using types of thermal protection system are compared and the necessity to develop a new type of it using the effect of thermionic emission of electrons is proved. The scheme and the possible material composition of thermionic power cell with a reversed geometry of the electrodes are given. The problem of the choice of material for emission surface of the system with external electron emission and its manufacturing technology are discussed. Using cesium intercalated graphite as one of the possible coating materials is reviewed. A sequence of forthcoming studies is formulated at the stage of transition to the design basis for the operation of thermal protection of this type.
CALCULATION OF NEUTRON-CAPTURE REACTIONS CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY RELEASE IN VVER-1000 USING SERPENT CODE
Authors: R. B Bahdanovich , K. Pázmán , G. V. Tikhomirov
Published: February 2018

Calculating the energy release in fuel elements is an important aspect of the modeling and design of nuclear reactors. Most of the energy is produced by fission, but a non-negligible percentage is coming from neutron capture reactions, such as (n, γ) or (n, α). We implement a previously developed method for the calculation of effective energy release using Serpent Monte Carlo code. We investigate the percentage of capture component in effective energy release for various models of VVER-1000 fuel: firstly, an equivalent cell, then fresh fuel assemblies of different compositions, differing in fuel enrichment and the presence of burnable absorbers. The results are compared to similar calculations previously done in MCNP 4 and MCU 5.
Pengaruh Temperatur Sintering Terhadap Struktur dan Sifat Magnetik Ni2+- Barium Ferit sebagai Penyerap Gelombang Mikro
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Iqbal , Widanarto Wahyu , Sunardi S
Published: February 2018

Barium ferit yang di doping Ni2+ konsentrasi  0,7 mol dengan variasi temperatur sintering 450ºC (hanya pre-sintering), 600ºC, 700 ºC, dan 800ºC telah dibuat menggunakan metode modified solid state reaction. Sampel dianalisis fasa kristal, ukuran kristal, sifat magnetik dan penyerapan gelombang mikronya. metode modified solid state reaction merupakan perpaduan antara metode sol-gel dan solid state reaction, yang meliputi pembuatan larutan prekusor awal, sol-gel, pemadatan, pre- sintering dan sintering. Sampel yang telah dibuat selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan alat X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) dan Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel yang telah disintesis mengandung dua fasa yaitu  BaFe2O4  dan NiFe2O4   Kurva histerisis menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel merupakan material superparamagnetik. Material penyerap gelombang mikro yang baik memiliki refleksi hilang yang tinggi dan bandwith yang lebar. Pada temperatur 700ºC menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan rentang frekuensi penyerapan terbanyak pada frekuensi 8,14 GHz – 8,54 GHz; 9,88 GHz–10,88 GHz; 11,70 GHz – 12,00 GHz dan memiliki penyerapan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan ketiga sampel lainya yakni pada frekuensi 8,30 GHz sebesar  -27,30 dB. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa variasi temperatur sintering telah berpengaruh pada fasa kristal, ukuran kristal, sifat megnetik, dan penyerapan gelombang mikronya. Dengan demikian Ni- Barium Ferit sangat berpotensi sebagai material absorpsi gelombang mikro
Fluctuating Asymmetry of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Genteng Fish Hatchery Center, Banyuwangi
Authors: Budi Darmawan Setia , Lutfiyah Lailatul , Triastuti Rr. Juni
Published: February 2018

Fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral meristic characteristic is one of the simple methods that can be used to determine the stability of an individual fish development. This study aims to provide quantitative information about the level of asymmetry red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Genteng Fish Hatchery Center through bilateral meristic characteristic observation. The number of fish used in this study is 100 fish which have a measurement of 5-7 cm. Bilateral meristic characteristic observed is the number of soft pectoral fins, the number of soft pelvic fins, and the number of scales on the lateral line. The results show that the highest value of the fluctuating asymmetry magnitude (FAm) and fluctuating asymmetry number (FAn) are obtained at the number of scales on the lateral line those are 3.71 and 0.86. Furthermore, on soft pectoral fins, the FAm value obtained is 1.29 and the FAn value is 0.58. Meanwhile, the lowest FAm and FAn values obtained from the soft ventral fins which are 0.93 and 0.50. The overall FAm value is 5.93 and the overall FAn value is 1.94.
The Study of Flow Resulting from Wave on Lhonga Beach, Aceh Besar
Authors: Irham Muhammad , Setiawan Ichsan
Published: February 2018

Dynamic interaction between waves and topographic generate flow dynamics that affect Lhonga coast, Aceh Besar. To analyze the dynamics, the numerical model of currents induced by wave was developed with the explicit finite difference approach method. The model in this study was tested by verifying the result directly with the field data obtained previously. The model is applied in Lhoknga coast of Aceh Besar district with the aim to study how the dynamics of hydro-oceanography as one of the elements to support the preservation of the marine resources of the area. Based on the simulation, the results obtained that the wave occurred in Lhoknga beach relatively small with the dominant direction to the northwest and the maximum of wave height occurs during the high tide condition. The result also informed that the distribution of longshore currents is generally moving from west to east along the coast. The direction of dominant current occurs in the area of 10-15 meters from the shore with an average depth of 6 meters. Keywords: wave flow, flow dynamics, beach, hydro-oceanography
Correlation Between Paddle Wheel Operation Time with Microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp.) Growth Rate and Lipid Contents in Open Raceway Ponds
Authors: Barat Welmar Olfan , Kawaroe Mujizat , Bengen Dietriech G
Published: February 2018

Nannochloropsis sp. is one of microalgaes species with high lipid content, so it has great potential to be used as the source of biofuel. One of the microalgae cultivation system in mass scale is open raceway ponds. Problems faced in microalgae cultivation with open raceway ponds system are low productivity and the high production cost, especially high electrical energy for operating paddle wheel machine. This research studies about efficiency and effectiveness level of the cultivation system with open raceway ponds through the analysis of correlation between operational duration of the paddle wheel with growth rate and lipid content from Nannochloropsis sp.. The highest density is 530x106 cell/ml found in treatment of 45min/h. The highest growth rate is 0,45/days Which also found in the treatment of 45min/h but the treatment 45min/h is only able to survive until 12 days. The highest productivity of dry biomass is 0,25 g/L/day found in treatment of 45min/h. Meanwhile, the highest lipid content contained on treatment 15min/h is 5,19%DCW. Dominant fatty acids for all treatments are palmitic acids. The best treatment related to the use of the paddle wheel machine is 15min/h.
Model of Profit Maximization of The Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Culture
Authors: Wijayanto Dian , Kurohman Faik , Nugroho Ristiawan
Published: February 2018

The research purpose was to develop a model of profit maximization that can be applied to the giant gourami culture. The development of fish growth model used polynomial growth function. Profit maximization process used the first derivative of profit equation to culture time equal to zero. This research also developed the equations to estimate the culture time to reach the size target of fish. The research has been proven that this research model could be applied in the giant gouramy culture. In the case of this study, the giant gouramy culture can achieve the maximum profit at 324 days and the profit of IDR. 7 847 700 per culture cycle. If we used a size target 500 g, the culture of the giant gouramy need 135 days of culture time.
Rearing of Mud Crab, Scylla tranquebarica Larvae with Different Stocking Densities
Authors: Gunarto Gunarto , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: February 2018

Mud crab (Scylla tranquebarica) is an important aquaculture species, especially in Southeast Asian Countries. However, the larval rearing of this species faces problems resulted in low survival caused not only by intensif canibalism but also by prolonged in larval rearing period. The stocking density during ealy life stages is proposed to influence  the crablet production in the larvae rearing tanks. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on larval stage development and crablet production of mud crab, S. tranquebarica. Four different initial stocking densities of larvae were tested using 200 L fibre glass tank, namely:  A). 30 ind,/L, B). 45 ind./L, C). 60 ind./L and D). 75 ind./L. Rotifer, Brachionus sp, and Artemia nauplii were  fed to the larvae with additional commercial diet. Water exchanged in the rearing tank was performed since 7 days post hatching (dph)  to 20 dph  at  a rate of 10 to 40%. Larvae from each experimental tank was sampled periodically (2 to 4 days interval) in order to calculate larvae population, larvae development index (LDI). Megalopa occurences index (MOI), and crablet production were also monitored. The result showed that the highest of LDI and MOI were obtained from  treatment B and D which were significantly different (P<0.05) to the other treatments. Furthermore, the highest of crablet production was obtained from treatment D = 495.3+22.48 ind./tank, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to treatment A (48.5+4.94 ind./tank), treatment B (167.5+10.61 ind./tank) and treatment C (218.33+10.41 ind./tank). Therefore, the stocking density of 75 ind./L is optimum for mud crab S. tranquebarica larvae and recommended to be applied for commercial larvae production in hatchery. Keyword: Production, crablet, stocking density, larvae, Scylla tranquebarica
Specific Immune Response Kinetics and Mortality Patterns of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on Post-Cocktail Vaccination Period against the Infection of Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Sukenda Sukenda , Sumiati Tuti , Nuryati Sri , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Hidayatullah Dendi
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTFish vaccination aims to induce a specific immune response indicated by an increase of antibodies in vaccinated fish. However, in accordance with time the presence of antibodies will continue to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of specifik immune response and trend mortality against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae on tilapia following vaccination with cocktail vaccine. Fish vaccinated through immersion for 30 minutes in a solution of diluted vaccine. Challenge test was performed for three periods, on day 22, 50, and 78 post-vaccination, fish were challenged with single infection of A. hydrophila 108 cfu. mL-1 and S. agalactiae 104 cfu. mL-1 and co-infection of both bacteria by intraperitoneal. During rearing, the blood fish were taken for determining of serum antibodies, and its  measured by ELISA. The results showed that the concentration of specific antibodies vaccinated fish were significantly higher than the control. The basal antibody levels of A. hydrophila before vaccination were higher than S. agalactiae with OD of 0.104 and 0.069 respectively. The maximum  antibody  response  was  reached  within  70  days  of  the  A. hydrophila OD= 0.264 and 56 days against S. agalactiae OD= 0.188. The mortality rate in the control group was significantly higher than vaccinated on all types and each challenge test period. The trend of mortality due to a single infection of A. hydrophila and co-infections occur more quickly than by S. agalactiae. Lowest mortality occurred in the vaccinated group at 50 day tested challenge.Keywords: kinetics antibody, Aeromnas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Oreochromis niloticus
Conventional Primary Central Chondrosarcoma of the Pelvis
Authors: Bus Michaël P.A. , Campanacci Domenico A. , Albergo Jose I. , Leithner Andreas , van de Sande Michiel A.J. , Gaston Czar Louie , Caff Giuseppe , Mettelsiefen Jan , Capanna Rodolfo , Tunn Per-Ulf , Jeys Lee M. , Dijkstra P.D. Sander
Published: February 2018

Background:

Studies focusing on the oncological outcome after treatment of conventional primary central chondrosarcoma of pelvic bone are lacking. We conducted this retrospective study at 5 referral centers to gain insight in the outcome of treatment for this tumor type and to identify risk factors for impaired oncological outcome.

Methods:

One hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients (118 male patients [73%]) who underwent resection of a conventional primary central chondrosarcoma of pelvic bone from 1985 to 2013 were evaluated. The median age was 51 years (range, 15 to 78 years). The median follow-up was 12.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4 to 16.9 years). There were 30 grade-I lesions (19%), 93 grade-II lesions (57%), and 39 grade-III lesions (24%).

Results:

Sixty-two patients (38%) experienced local recurrence: 9 grade-I lesions (30%), 31 grade-II lesions (33%), and 22 grade-III lesions (56%). Forty-eight patients (30%) developed metastases. The risk of disease-related death was 3% for grade-I tumors (1 of 30; this patient had a grade-II recurrence and died of metastases), 33% (31 of 93) for grade-II tumors, and 54% (21 of 39) for grade-III tumors. Identified risk factors for impaired disease-specific survival were tumor grade (grade II: hazard ratio [HR], 20.18; p = 0.003; and grade III: HR, 58.94; p < 0.001), resection margins (marginal: HR, 3.21; p = 0.001; and intralesional: HR, 3.56; p < 0.001), and maximal tumor size (HR, 1.08 per cm; p = 0.026). Deep infection (19% [n = 31]) was the predominant complication.

Conclusions:

This study offers a standard for survival rates for conventional primary central chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. The survival for grade-I tumors was excellent. Wide resection margins were associated with a significant survival advantage for higher-grade tumors. Because of the inability to reliably distinguish low-grade and high-grade tumors preoperatively, we conclude that any central pelvic chondrosarcoma should be treated with aggressive primary resection with the aim of obtaining wide resection margins. There may be aggressive biologic features in some tumors for which a surgical procedure alone may not be adequate to improve outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.