bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards inclusion of genetic diversity measures into IUCN assessments: a case study on birds
Authors: Vitorino L. C. , Borges Souza U. J. , Jardim T. P. F. A. , Ballesteros–Mejia L.
Published: June 2019

The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their geographical distribution and population size. However, attributes such as genetic information are not yet considered. We compiled information on genetic diversity (HE, HO) and inbreeding coefficient (f) along with their ecological attributes (IUCN category, migratory habit, forest dependence and habitat type) from a literature survey to assess whether bird species categorized as being of highest conservation concern display the lowest genetic diversity. We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test whether avian species with less inclusive characteristics (e.g., taxa with small geographical distributions or low dispersal capability) display lower genetic diversity than those classified as Least Concern (LC). We used hylogenetic generalized least squares (pGLS) to account for phylogenetic independence of predictor variables and to verify robustness of GLMMs (generalized linear mixed models). In general, GLMM revealed more significant relationships among ecological attributes and genetic diversity patterns. After accounting for phylogenetic independence, the highest average heterozygosity values were observed in species falling under the LC category; non–migratory birds showed lower HO and HE average values than migratory birds, while non–forest birds showed lower heterozygosity than forest birds. Hence, we corroborate our hypothesis that genetic diversity of birds is lower in species of high conservation concern. We hope our results promote further studies on genetic diversity of bird populations. Lastly, we propose the incorporation of genetic data as metrics in the assessment of bird conservation status.
Make a Match as Teaching Technique to Improve Students’ Writing
Authors: Saresti Anggia Nirma , Anjarwati Rosi
Published: June 2019

Teaching writing to junior high school students is absolutely a challenging job for English teacher in Indonesia, it also happened in a junior high school in Jombang. The researchers found that both teacher and students got problem in writing process because of the students’ low ability in writing and monotonous writing teaching technique used by the teacher. This research used a Classroom Action Research design to solve the problem by using Make a match teaching technique. Make a match is considered to be one of cooperative learning method which has some benefits in teaching learning process. The result of data analysis indicates that Make a match bring benefits to improve students’ writing and class participation.
Metode Bermain Peran Sebagai Usaha Meningkatkan Keterampilan Guru Untuk Menangani Bullying Di SDN 11 Duri Kepa Jakarta Barat
Authors: Sitasari Novendawati Wahyu , Rozali Yuli Azmi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the role playing method as an effort to improve teacher knowledge and skills in managing bullying at SD N 11 Duri Kepa. The population and sample in this study were teachers at SD N 11 Duri Kepa, amounting to 19 teachers. The scale of knowledge and skills in handling bullying is based on references from Olweus (1993) and the Teacher Inventory of Skills and Knowledge (TISK) compiled by Horne, Bartolomucci, & Newman (2004). The research method was quasi-experimental with non-randomized one-group pretest-posttest design, and the analysis test used was t-test. Statistical test results obtained by the significance of (p) = 0.014; (p) <0.05, which means that there is an effect of the role playing method on the teacher's knowledge, and the significance result is (p) = 0.920; (p)> 0.05 there is no effect of the role playing method on teacher skills.
Análisis del sistema de control interno en la Secretaría de Educación Distrital de Buenaventura
Authors: Mejía Vargas María Luisa , Pandales Edwin
Published: June 2019

Para lograr sus objetivos, las organizaciones deben establecer un mínimo de reglas de operatividad, que se pueden denominar control interno. El control interno es un objeto de revisión por parte del contador público y está sujeto a regulaciones nacionales e internacionales; no obstante, la gerencia es responsable de su puesta en marcha y funcionamiento óptimo. Se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo analítico en la Secretaría de Educación Municipal del Distrito de Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca. Su objetivo era analizar el cumplimiento se le da al sistema de control interno ordenado por el Gobierno Nacional mediante la Ley 87 de 1993. El resultado fundamental arrojó las notorias falencias que existen en la entidad en cuanto al conocimiento y aplicación del sistema de control interno Modelo Estándar de Control Interno (MECI), que se estructura por tres grandes subsistemas: de control estratégico, de control de gestión y de control de evaluación.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Torul district, Turkey
Authors: Karaköse Mustafa , Akbulut Sefa , Özkan Zafer Cemal
Published: June 2019

This study is aimed at reporting some of the plants traditionally used in the treatment of diseases by the local people living in the centre of Torul district and its surrounding villages. A face-to-face two-part questionnaire survey was conducted with 82 local people. Identification of 29 taxa belonging to 18 families has been confirmed and their medicinal uses have been recorded. In addition, the usage patterns of plant parts andpurposes are recognized. Plants are mostly used in the treatment of cold and flu, stomach disorders, gynecological, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The highest use value (UV) was recorded for Rosa canina (0.54) and Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia (0.46) and the highest Informants Consensus Factor (FIC) was cited for cold and flu (0.83) followed by stomach disorders (0.75). New information for folklore medicines have been collected from the study area.
Pollen morphological study on some rare Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) taxa in Turkey
Authors: Başer Birol , Firat Mehmet , Binzet Riza
Published: June 2019

The pollen morphology of 10 Allium L. taxa, 6 of which are endemic to Turkey, were investigated in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy. According to LM and SEM, the pollen grains of genera were monad, monosulcate percolate, heteropolar with bilateral symmetry, 25.30 to 53,85 µm long axis (LA) and 17.55 to 36.86 µm short axis (SA), the form was prolate (mean of LA/SA ratio 1.30 to 1.70 and in polar view boat-shaped. Three types of ornamentation were determined. Striate-rugulate-perforate type in Allium longisepalum, A. oreophilum, A. anacoleum, A. microspathum, A.shirnakiense, A. purpureoviride and A. armenum, Rugulate–perforate type in A. pervariense and A. gabardagense and Rugulate–reticulate-perforate type in A. arlgirdense. Sulcus membrane ornamentations were rugulate or psilate. The sulcus extends from the distal to proximal ends in A. anacoleum, A. arlgirdense and A. pervariense. The present study on some Turkish species of Allium showed that several morphological pollen characters may possess taxonomical value.
Morphoanatomical profile of five species of Piper L. from Bangladesh and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Shethi Kishwar Jahan , Rashid Parveen , Begum Momtaz , Rahman M. Oliur
Published: June 2019

The present study explores detailed morphoanatomical features of five species of Piper L., viz. P. betle L., P. longum L., P. nigrum L., P. retrofractum Vahl and P. sylvaticum Roxb. Each species is supplemented by detailed updated nomenclature, vernacular names, diagnostic characters, phenology, ecology and representative specimens. Maximum number of cortical and medullary vascular bundles have been observed in P. nigrum and P. retrofractum, respectively. In contrast, minimum number of cortical and medullary vascular bundles have been found in P. sylvaticum. Glandulartrichomes are found on the midrib of P. betle, P. longum, and P. sylvaticum, whereas trichomes are lacking in P. nigrum and P. retrofractum. The highest number of collateral vascular bundles have been found in P. retrofractum followed by P. nigrum, while P. betle and P. longum contain single collateral vascular bundle. P. betle can easily be distinguished from other species by its oval stem, non-glandular multicellular trichome with pointed tip, and presence of idioblasts and oil droplets. P. longum is distinct from remaining species by its diacytic stomata. Keys to the species based on morphological and anatomical characters are provided for easy identification of the studied species.
Micromorphological and anatomical investigation on six species of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Selvi Selami , Polat Ridvan , Babacan Ebru Yuce , Rahman M. Oliur , Çakilcioğlu Uğur
Published: June 2019

Micromorphology and anatomy of six Onosma L. species, viz. O. argentata Hub.-Mor., O. neglecta Riedl, O. proballanthera Rech. f., O. rechingeri Riedl, O. sericea Willd. and O. stenoloba Hausskn. ex Riedl from Turky were investigated. Stem anatomy revealed that cuticle layer ranged from 0.6 µm in O. argentata to 1.7 µm in O. proballanthera. Parenchymatous cells of O. neglecta and O. stenoloba possessed more intense starch than the other species studied. In leaf anatomy, the longest palisade parenchyma was found in O. neglecta, while the smallest was noted in O. argentata. Mesophyll structure of O. argentata, O. sericea and O. rechingeri was equifacial (isobilateral), while O. neglecta, O. proballanthera and O. stenoloba presented bifacial (dorsiventral) structure. Rugose nutlet ornamentation was observed in O. argentata, O. neglecta and O. sericea, whereas reticulate type was found in O. proballanthera, O. rechingeri and O. stenoloba. Onosma stenoloba could easily be distinguished from other species by its aesterotrichous indumentum, and in contrary, other species possessed haplotrichous type of indumentum. Micromorphological features of nutlet surface, anatomical features of epidermal surface (trichomes and stomata), and lamina mesophyll structure (dorsiventral and isobilateral) could be useful in solving taxonomic problem of the genus.
El concepto actual de Patrimonio Cultural
Authors: Morente del Monte María
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
Postmodernidades, campos culturales emergentes y patrimonio
Authors: Zubiría Samper Sergio de
Published: June 2019

Tras dos décadas de nutrido debate sobre la cuestión postmoderna, sobre la pertinencia o no del uso del término e incluso sobre la realidad del concepto, los interrogantes planteados y la misma caricaturización irónica con la que algunos han abordado el tema, además de la fuerza de las consideraciones críticas planteadas durante este largo recorrido, pueden considerarse de alguna manera como prueba de su presencia y existencia. A través de un amplio y pertinente marco teórico,el artículo aborda las formas que el discurso postmoderno ha tomado en los ámbitos prácticos de la cultura, la complejización entre postmodernidades y culturas, las peculiaridades de América Latina y el Caribe frente a Europa, las consecuencias que el debate ha tenido en algunas artes emergiendo nuevos campos culturales y, finalmente, las transformaciones notorias, exteriorizadas en complejos movimientos de reconceptualización y resemantización, que ha propiciado esta discusión en la concepción del patrimonio cultural.
Integraciones patrimoniales y discursos de identidad en la sociedad multicultural
Authors: Martín Enma
Published: June 2019

Actualmente la tasa de extranjería en la población española es del 8%, a tan sólo dos puntos de superar el llamado "umbral de la tolerancia". En España, a diferencia de lo que sucede en otros países de Europa, la inmigración es un fenómeno nuevo, y particularmente significativo en algunas zonas como Andalucía, que abandonan su tradición emigrante para constituirse en tierra receptora. El artículo analiza las causas del difícil equilibrio entre igualdad y diferencia, y apunta que a menudo son las prácticas estatales las que legalizan la separación entre ciudadanos, provocando la segregación local, a pesar de lo cual las minorías en desventaja utilizan los mecanismos a su alcance para crear comunidad, incorporando su riqueza patrimonial en el camino emprendido hacia la diversidad cultural por las sociedades de nuestro tiempo.
Qué contar del patrimonio
Authors: Rodríguez Achútegui Maribel
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
Elaboración de un inventario de los recursos y equipamientos culturales de Jerez
Authors: Ruiz Jiménez Mª Ángeles
Published: June 2019

El Inventario de Recursos y Equipamientos Culturales de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz) forma parte del trabajo denominado Estrategias de Gestión Cultural y Turística en el Centro Histórico de Jerez de la Frontera, proyecto de investigación realizado en el Departamento de Geografía Humana de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en el año 2004. En el estudio se analizó el estado de conservación, la puesta en valor y uso de los elementos más relevantes del patrimonio inmueble, urbanístico e inmaterial comprendido en el Conjunto Histórico Artístico de Jerez, así como el de los equipamientos culturales y turísticos recogidos en este mismo perímetro y su entorno más inmediato. El trabajo de observación, acopio y tratamiento analítico de tan heterogénea información se llevó a cabo, mayoritariamente, a través del trabajo de inventario, cuya finalidad era la búsqueda de soluciones piloto para una intervención efectiva y sostenible en estos ámbitos como contribución al desarrollo local.
Diseño y programación de itinerarios culturales
Authors: López Fernández Isabel
Published: June 2019

La inclusión del Camino de Santiago en la Lista del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO en 1993 trajo consigo la consideración de los itinerarios culturales como una nueva categoría patrimonial y desde entonces se ha debatido sobre diversos aspectos. En este artículo se abordan algunas de estas cuestiones como son los recursos del patrimonio para el trazado de rutas o itinerarios o los criterios temáticos para su diseño, proponiéndose además una metodología para su programación. Se insiste en la necesidad de diferenciar los itinerarios culturales, como categoría patrimonial, de los que tienen un carácter turístico; mientras que los primeros deben ser el resultado y testimonio de movimientos de personas, ideas, conocimiento y valores a lo largo de la historia, y ser reflejo de intercambios culturales, los turísticos están condicionados por la demanda y uno de sus objetivos es el desarrollo del turismo cultural.
La adjetivación "cultural" como atributo adulterado del nuevo ocio teledirigido
Authors: Senabre López David
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
Uso y abuso de medios interpretativos en los itinerarios culturales
Authors: Sivan Renée
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
Arte y símbolo para el poder: intervención en la Cruz Alzada Procesional de Osuna
Authors: Gómez Villa José Luis , Rodríguez Segovia Constanza , Gómez Morón Auxiliadora
Published: June 2019

El proceso de investigación e intervención de la Cruz Alzada Procesional de Osuna (Sevilla) ha constituido una de las prácticas en metales más interesantes del Centro de Intervención del IAPH. En el marco de la metodología interdisciplinar de este Centro, a los trabajos de conservación y restauración, los medios no destructivos de examen de la fotografía, la química o la biología, o los estudios históricos, se añadieron las aportaciones de un maestro orfebre. El presente artículo pretende transferir, ante la escasez de textos divulgativos en español de experiencias en la restauración de platería, los pormenores de la intervención. Del mismo modo se presentan las conclusiones de las investigaciones aplicadas, con especial incidencia en la datación, contextualización y análisis histórico de la obra, así como la caracterización material de los elementos que la constituyen, las técnicas de ejecución primigenias y las alteraciones del original hasta nuestros días.
Úbeda-Baeza: enclave dual del Renacimiento español
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Rufina
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
Las ciudades de tamaño mediano y óptimo en Andalucía
Authors: Bonet Correa Antonio
Published: June 2019

Resumen no disponible
URFA VE ÇEVRESİNDE CUMHURİYET BAYRAMI KUTLAMALARI (1934-1943)
Authors: AYDIN Nermin
Published: June 2019

Osmanlı Devleti Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda yıkılmış
ve Mondros Ateşkes Anlaşmasını imzalamıştır. Mondros Ateşkes Anlaşması’nın 7. maddesi
gereğince Osmanlı Devleti’nin toprakları işgal edilmeye başlanmıştır. Osmanlı
Devleti’nin güneyinde yer alan Urfa önce İngilizler daha sonra Fransızlar
tarafından işgal edilmiştir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa işgallere karşı çıkmış ve ülke
genelinde Müdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyetlerinin kurulmasını istemiştir. Urfa’da
teşkilatlanmayı sağlamak için Ali Saip Bey’i görevlendirmiştir. Urfa’da kısa
zamanda aşiretlerin de desteği alınarak milli kuvvetler oluşturulmuştur.
Urfa’yı işgal eden Fransız güçleri ile yapılan mücadele sonunda Urfa
kurtulmuştur. Milli mücadelenin sonunda bağımsızlık kazanılmış ve 29 Ekim
1923’te cumhuriyet ilan edilmiştir. Devlet yöneticileri, devletin uzun süre
yaşaması için birlik ve beraberliğe önem vermiştir. Bu nedenle cumhuriyet
bayramının halk üzerindeki birleştirici özelliğinden yararlanılmıştır.
SIHHİYE VE MUAVENET-İ İÇTİMAİYE VEKÂLETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDEKİ FAALİYETLERİ (1920-1930)
Authors: TEKİR Süleyman
Published: June 2019

1918’e
kadar devam eden savaşların sonucunda Anadolu toprakları harabeye dönmüştü. Bu
tarihten sonra 1922’ye kadar devam edecek düşman işgali başlamıştı. Bulaşıcı ve
salgın hastalıklar tüm ülkeye yayılmış durumdaydı. 1920’de Türkiye Büyük Millet
Meclisi’nin açılmasıyla birlikte Anadolu’da sağlık alanında ilk adımlar atıldı.
TBMM bir yandan düşman kuvvetleriyle mücadele ederken diğer taraftan halk
sağlığının korunması için politikalar üretmekten geri durmadı. 3 numaralı kanun
ile Sıhhiye ve Muavenet-i İçtimaiye Vekâleti kuruldu. İstanbul Hükümeti’nin
İstanbul’dan ilaç ve diğer sağlık malzemelerinin gönderilmesini engellemesine
rağmen zafere kadar, olağanüstü bir gayretle sağlık alanında adımlar atıldı.
Cumhuriyet’in ilânını takip eden süreçte düşman işgali sona eren İstanbul’daki
sağlık kuruluşlarından faydalanma imkânı doğdu. 1924’te sağlık politikasına
göre öncelikli olarak yapılması gerekenler belirlendi. Salgın hastalıklarla
mücadele, yeni hastanelerin açılması, doktor yetiştirilmesi, halkın
bilinçlendirilmesi ve kanuni düzenlenmelerin yapılması öncelikli konular
arasında yer aldı. Bu çalışmada Sıhhiye ve Muavenet-i İçtimaiye Vekâleti’nin
kuruluş süreci ve erken Cumhuriyet döneminde yaptığı faaliyetler ele alındı.
Türk – Amerikan Müttefikliğinde ‘Peşrev’ Dönemi: Ödünç Verme-KiralamaProgramında Türkiye
Authors: SIVIŞ Efe
Published: June 2019

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından müttefiklik ilişkisi kuran Türkiye ve ABD’nin iş birliği savaşın başlangıcından kısa bir süre sonraya dayanmaktadır. Roosevelt Hükümeti’nin Mihver bloğuna karşı olan İttifak devletleri nezdinde başlattığı destek süreci Amerikan Kongresi’nden geçen Ödünç Verme-Kiralama Yasası ile ifadesini buldu. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin de yardım kapsamına alındığı Ödünç Verme-Kiralama Programı, Amerikan Dışişleri Bakanlığı belgelerinin Türkiye dosyalarından faydalanılmak suretiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin uygulamaya yönelik eleştirileri, girişimleri ve söz konusu girişimlerin Anglosakson muhatapları nezdindeki yansımaları yer almaktadır. Diğer yandan dönemin Alman hükümetinin Türkiye’nin söz konusu programa alınmasına yönelik verdiği tepkiler Amerikan arşiv belgelerinden izlenmiştir.
19. YÜZYILIN SON ÇEYREĞİNDE İNGİLİZ GEZGİN’İN GÖZLEMLERİNE GÖRE BİR YÖRÜK BEYİ
Authors: AK Mehmet
Published: June 2019

Türk topraklarında 19. yüzyılda çok sayıda gezgin çeşitli amaçlarla
dolaştığı gibi bunlardan birisi de Edwin John Davis’tir. İngiliz vatandaşı olan
gezgin, İskenderiye’deki İngiliz okulu ve askeri birliğinde psikopos olarak görev
yapar. Bu görev sırasında 1875 yılında Türkiye’nin Akdeniz ve İç Anadolu Bölgesinin
bir kısmını gezer. Gezip gördüğü yerler ile ilgili hemen hemen birçok konuda bilgiler
verir. Genellikle gözlemlerini olduğu gibi aktarmaya çalışır ancak bazen
değerlendirmelerinde ikilem içerisinde kalır ve oryantalist bakış açısından
kurtulamaz. Gezi yolu üzerinde gördüğü Yörükler hakkında bilgiler verirken,
yolculuğu boyunca köylerden ziyade Yörüklerin bulunduğu çadırlarda
konakladığını belirtir ve buna neden olarak da temizlik, misafirperverlik ve
insan ilişkilerini gösterir. Çıktığı yolculukta, Karaman’dan Mersin’e dönerken
İbrala’dan sonra Karakuyu Yaylası’nda misafir olduğu Bahşiş Yörükleri Beyi
Mustafa Tekerlek hakkında verdiği bilgiler dönem içerisinde o yörede yaşayan
Yörüklere dair sosyo-ekonomik bakımdan olduğu kadar idareciler ile Yörükler
arasında yaşanan çatışmalar bakımından da önemli veriler içerir. Yine Yörük
Beyi’nin, yaşadığı yörede, Yörüklerin oynadığı role ilişkin önemli
değerlendirmeleri bulunur.
OSMANLI MAKEDONYASINDA SLAVİST BULGAR KOMİTA FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: AYDIN Mithat
Published: June 2019

The Ottoman Macedonia of the nationalism age has showed itself as a
significative factor in the conflict and competition between the local forces
of the Balkans and the great states of the time. The committee activities of
Slav, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Ulah and Roman that took place in region in
this framework spread to a wide field with different dimensions in the name of
national interests. In particular, Slavist committee activities were supported
by the Bulgarian Principality in general, which this activities carried out by
largely Bulgarian committees, partly Serbian committees. The Ottoman documents
show that Slavic committees spread throughout Macedonia in the late nineteenth
century by putting that they are generally supported by the Bulgarian
government and that they have a strong connection with European states in the
supply of weapons and ammunition. It is understood that Russia, Austria and England
are the leading actors in the process. The committees in Macedonia have
sometimes gone to co-operate for their common interests against the Ottoman
State but they have tried to reach the goals that their national interests have
required to a great extent. In contrast, the insufficient and inconclusive
diplomatic effort of the Ottoman government could not prevent the tragic end of
Macedonia in terms of the Ottoman State. Of course, "unawareness" of
local officials constituted a separate phase in this ending. As understood from
the letter dated 16 March sent by Bulgarian Commissariat, when it came to the
beginning of the 20th Century, the "negligence" of the Ottoman local
officials were full of pages against the ongoing and unobtrusive activities of
committees, and now came to the brink of a bloody "revolution" in
Macedonia.
A Regional Company? RED Production and the Cultural Politics of Place
Authors: Spicer Andrew
Published: June 2019

This article explores the significance of RED Production's location in the north-west of England, analysing the complexities of its positioning as a ‘regional’ company contextualised within the broader issues surrounding regional television production created by the politics and regulation of UK broadcasting. The article contends that recent analyses of creative clusters have privileged economic factors over cultural ones and provides a counter argument that demonstrates the importance of historical evolution and cultural traditions in understanding why RED has been so successful. It examines the significance of an anti-metropolitan discourse of northernness as a broad cultural tradition that shapes RED's identity and production strategy, and, more specifically, the profound legacy of the Manchester-based Granada Television. The article explores the reasons for and consequences of RED's move to MediaCityUK in 2013 and its acquisition by the European conglomerate Studiocanal. It also discusses the ongoing problem of the vexed relationship between London and the regions in British broadcasting, and the impact of an increasingly international orientation on how television production companies position themselves in a changing marketplace.
Türkiye’deki Kırdan Kente Göçün Sosyal ve Ekonomik Nedenleri: Erzincan İli Merkez İlçesi Örneği
Authors: AKKAŞ İbrahim , LALELİ Oben
Published: June 2019

Erzincan
ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köylerde yapısal eşitlik modeli ile yapılan analizde
kırsal göç ile sosyal, ekonomik psikolojik etkenler arasında yüksek düzeyde bir
ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kırsal göç üzerinde, demografik yapı, ekonomik
beklentiler, sosyal ve kültürel beklentiler ve psikolojik beklentiler yüksek
düzeyde

Çalışmada Türkiye’de kırdan kente doğru göç
faaliyetlerine neden olan sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik faktörlerin ve göç
sonrası ortaya çıkan sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik sorunların tespit edilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın teorik altyapısı oluşturulurken kırdan kente göç ile
ilgili daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Bölgedeki göçün
ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik nedenlerinin ortaya konulması için Erzincan ili
merkez ilçesine bağlı mahalle ve köylerde sürekli ikamet etmekte olan hane
reisleriyle 280 adet anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu anket çalışması sonucunda
elde edilen yatay kesit verileri LISREL 8.72 ve SPSS 13 paket programları
kullanılarak Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile analiz edilmiştir.

Kırsal
kesimde yaşayan insanların kırdan kente doğru göç etme faaliyetinin altında
sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik nedenler yatmaktadır. Bu çalışma; kırsal göç ile
ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik etkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi konu edinmiştir.
Kamu Diplomasisinin Uygulama Alanı Olarak Sağlık Diplomasisi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Nida , CİNMAN Melda
Published: June 2019

Kamu diplomasisi; dış politika hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla bir ülkenin yabancı kamuoyunu etkilemeye yönelik kullandığı iletişim yöntemidir. Bir ülkenin imajını olumlu yönde arttırmak, işbirliği ve diyaloğu sağlamak için günümüzde kültür, insani, vatandaş, inanç ve sağlık gibi birçok farklı alanda uygulanmaktadır. Sağlık diplomasisi çok yönlü bir konu olmakla beraber sağlık diplomasisi ve yumuşak güçle bağlantısı bulunmaktadır. Sağlık diplomasisi; sağlık meseleleri ve dış politika arasında arayüz görevi görmektedir. Küresel çapta yayılma tehlikesi barındıran salgın hastalıklar, ilaç patentleri ile ilgili fikri mülkiyet hakları, kalkınma hedefleri, savaşlar ve artan mültecilik sorunu sağlığın dış politikaya eklemlenmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Sağlık ile dış politika arasındaki ilişki dört aşamalı bir modelle açıklanmaktadır. Uluslar bu modelleri, dış politikalarında kullanmaktadır. Kamu diplomasisi projeleri ve yumuşak güç üretmesi nedeniyle sağlık ve dış politika arasındaki ilişki “dış politikanın aracı olarak sağlık modeli” ile açıklanacaktır. Bu doğrultuda ABD ve Çin’in sağlık diplomasisi uygulamalarına yer verilerek Türkiye’ye yönelik bir sağlık diplomasisi modeli önerilecektir.
Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia
Authors: Shih Hao Yu , Paterson Mandy B. A. , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: June 2019

Cruelty- and neglect-related canine welfare concerns are important welfare and social issues. Dog breed has been identified as a risk factor for bad welfare, and yet its role in different types of canine welfare concerns has not been fully investigated. We conducted a retrospective study of 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The breed of the dog involved in the incident was either recorded as stated by the complainant or by the inspector attending the case. Dog breed was divided into groups following the Australian National Kennel Club nomenclature. Dogs of a non-recognised breed were more likely to be reported in welfare complaints than recognised breed dogs. Recognised breed dogs had a greater risk of being reported with poisoning, lack of veterinary support, abuse and being left unattended in a hot vehicle; while non-recognised breed dogs had greater risk of being reported with insufficient shelter, exercise and food/water, as well as overcrowding and abandonment. Utility breeds, terriers and working dogs were most likely to be reported, while toy, non-sporting breeds and gundogs were least likely to be reported. Common complaint types for utility dogs were: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise, and poor living conditions; for terriers: abandonment, intentional abuses and killing or injuring another animal; for working dogs: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise; for toy dogs: lack of veterinary care, overcrowding and staying in a hot vehicle alone; for non-sporting dogs: lack of veterinary care, being left in a hot vehicle unattended and poor body conditions; and for hounds: killing or injuring another animal, intentional abuses and poor body conditions. Breed groups rather than breeds may be the best method of breed identification in a public reporting system as they group similar breeds together, and as our research shows, they relate to types of animal welfare complaints. Understanding the relationship between breed group and canine welfare complaints may help authorities improve public education programs and inform decision-making around which breed a new owner should choose.
Performance Comparison of User Interface Devices for Controlling Mining Software in Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Kim Heonmoo , Choi Yosoon
Published: June 2019

Recently, many studies have been conducted to apply virtual reality (VR) technology to the mining industry. To accomplish this, it is necessary to develop user interface devices that can effectively control software. Most VR content in the mining industry requires precise device control for equipment operation or accident response. In this study, we compare the performance of four user interface devices (a 2D mouse, 2D & 3D mice, a VR controller, and a Kinect (Microsoft) sensor and bend-sensing data glove) for controlling mining industry software in a VR environment. The total working time, number of device clicks and click accuracy, were analyzed based on 10 experimenters performing 3D orebody modeling, using each device in the VR environment. Furthermore, we conducted a survey to evaluate the ease of learning, ease of use, immersion and fatigue of each device after the experiment. The results show that the 2D mouse yields a high performance in terms of its working time, click accuracy, ease of learning and ease of use. However, the 2D mouse did not completely leverage the VR environment, owing to low user immersion. The Kinect sensor and bend-sensing data glove could control the software efficiently while maximizing user immersion. Our findings are expected to provide a useful reference for the future development of user interface devices in the mining industry.
A Method for Identification of Multisynaptic Boutons in Electron Microscopy Image Stack of Mouse Cortex
Authors: Deng Hao , Ma Chao , Han Hua , Xie Qiwei , Shen Lijun
Published: June 2019

Recent electron microscopy (EM) imaging techniques make the automatic acquisition of a large number of serial sections from brain samples possible. On the other hand, it has been proven that the multisynaptic bouton (MSB), a structure that consists of one presynaptic bouton and multiple postsynaptic spines, is closely related to sensory deprivation, brain trauma, and learning. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging task to analyze this essential structure from EM images due to factors such as imaging artifacts and the presence of complicated subcellular structures. In this paper, we present an effective way to identify the MSBs on EM images. Using normalized images as training data, two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained to obtain the segmentation of synapses and the probability map of the neuronal membrane, respectively. Then, a series of follow-up operations are employed to obtain rectified segmentation of synapses and segmentation of neurons. By incorporating this information, the MSBs can be reasonably identified. The dataset in this study is an image stack of mouse cortex that contains 178 serial images with a size of 6004 pixels × 5174 pixels and a voxel resolution of 2 nm × 2 nm × 50 nm. The precision and recall on MSB detection are 68.57% and 94.12%, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is conducive to biologists’ research on MSBs’ properties.
Leveraging the Role of the Metastatic Associated Protein Anterior Gradient Homologue 2 in Unfolded Protein Degradation: A Novel Therapeutic Biomarker for Cancer
Authors: Alsereihi Reem , Schulten Hans-Juergen , Bakhashab Sherin , Saini Kulvinder , Al-Hejin Ahmed M. , Hussein Deema
Published: June 2019

Effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers can help in tracking disease progress, predict patients’ survival, and considerably affect the drive for successful clinical management. The present review aims to determine how the metastatic-linked protein anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) operates to affect cancer progression, and to identify associated potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, particularly in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Studies that show a high expression level of AGR2, and associate the protein expression with the resilience to chemotherapeutic treatments or with poor cancer survival, are reported. The primary protein structures of the seven variants of AGR2, including their functional domains, are summarized. Based on experiments in various biological models, this review shows an orchestra of multiple molecules that regulate AGR2 expression, including a feedback loop with p53. The AGR2-associated molecular functions and pathways including genomic integrity, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, migration, stemness, and inflammation, are detailed. In addition, the mechanisms that can enable the rampant oncogenic effects of AGR2 are clarified. The different strategies used to therapeutically target AGR2-positive cancer cells are evaluated in light of the current evidence. Moreover, novel associated pathways and clinically relevant deregulated genes in AGR2 high CNS tumors are identified using a meta-analysis approach.
Influence of Nanocrystalline Palladium Morphology on Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Kinetics
Authors: Hamo Eliran , Raviv Avichay , Rosen Brian A.
Published: June 2019

The structure sensitivity of the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on palladium is of great interest as cost considerations drive the need to find a replacement for platinum catalysts. The kinetics of alkaline ORR were investigated on nanocrystalline palladium (Pd) films with domain sizes between 14 and 30 nm that were synthesized by electrodeposition from aqueous electrolytes. Ten Pd films were prepared under varying electrodeposition parameters leading to each having a unique texture and morphology. The sensitivity of initial alkaline ORR kinetics to the Pd surface structure was evaluated by measuring the kinetic current density and number of electrons transferred for each film. We show through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and voltammetry from rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) that the fastest alkaline ORR kinetics are found on Pd surfaces with high surface roughness, which themselves are composed of fine grains. Such a study is useful for developing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on directly electrodepositing catalyst onto a conductive diffusion layer.
A Comparison of the Population Genetic Structure and Diversity between a Common (Chrysemys p. picta) and an Endangered (Clemmys guttata) Freshwater Turtle
Authors: Buchanan Scott W. , Kolbe Jason J. , Wegener Johanna E. , Atutubo Jessica R. , Karraker Nancy E.
Published: June 2019

The northeastern United States has experienced dramatic alteration to its landscape since the time of European settlement. This alteration has had major impacts on the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations, but the legacy of this landscape change remains largely unexplored for most species of freshwater turtles. We used microsatellite markers to characterize and compare the population genetic structure and diversity between an abundant generalist, the eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys p. picta), and the rare, more specialized, spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) in Rhode Island, USA. We predicted that because spotted turtles have disproportionately experienced the detrimental effects of habitat loss and fragmentation associated with landscape change, that these effects would manifest in the form of higher inbreeding, less diversity, and greater population genetic structure compared to eastern painted turtles. As expected, eastern painted turtles exhibited little population genetic structure, showed no evidence of inbreeding, and little differentiation among sampling sites. For spotted turtles, however, results were consistent with certain predictions and inconsistent with others. We found evidence of modest inbreeding, as well as tentative evidence of recent population declines. However, genetic diversity and differentiation among sites were comparable between species. As our results do not suggest any major signals of genetic degradation in spotted turtles, the southern region of Rhode Island may serve as a regional conservation reserve network, where the maintenance of population viability and connectivity should be prioritized.
Spatial Response to Linear Infrastructures by the Endangered Golden Lion Tamarin
Authors: Lucas Priscila da Silva , Alves-Eigenheer Milene , Francisco Talitha Mayumi , Dietz James M. , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos Ramón
Published: June 2019

Linear infrastructures are a primary driver of economic development. However, they also can negatively affect wildlife by mortality and the barrier effect. In this paper, we address how paved and unpaved roads, high-tension power lines, and gas/oil pipelines affect home range size, core areas, and movement in an endangered primate, the golden lion tamarin (GLT). Location data were recorded using radio telemetry on 16 groups in two protected areas and in privately owned forest fragments. The GLT’s home range, not core area, increased in size for the groups that occupied locations far from linear infrastructures; home range was also significantly influenced by available forest size. None of the home ranges contained a road, but home ranges did contain power lines. GLTs used the surrounding landscape near all types of infrastructure. Movement analysis showed that most of the step lengths (distances between subsequent locations) were less than 100 m between two consecutive locations, but step length was longer for roads and longer for groups in fully forested habitats. Tamarins avoided paved roads when in close proximity to this type of infrastructure; this behavior increased in areas without adequate adjacent forest habitat. Our results show that linear infrastructures differ in their level of impact: roads can act as a barrier, whereas other types of infrastructure have minimal effect on movement and home range. We discuss these differences in impact in terms of structure, maintenance schedules, and edge effects of infrastructure.
Building Information Management (BIM) and Blockchain (BC) for Sustainable Building Design Information Management Framework
Authors: Liu Zhen , Jiang Lijun , Osmani Mohamed , Demian Peter
Published: June 2019

At present, sustainable design is experiencing energy consumption and cost-effectiveness challenges in the building industry. A recent body of literature argues that the development of emerging smart digital technologies, such as Building Information Management (BIM) and blockchain (BC), offer immediate benefits to the industry. However, the current application of BIM and BC in the sustainable design and construction process focuses on smart energy and construction management, with little attention to addressing challenges for applying BIM to sustainable design and proposing strategies in terms of the usability of these technologies in the management of building construction projects. Therefore, this paper sets out to explore the potential roles of an integrated BIM and BC approach for sustainable building design information management. The first attempt is presented to use BC aided BIM for sustainable building design coordination and collaboration in multiple building stages. BC has the potential to address challenges that hinder the industry from using BIM for sustainable design, which has been unearthed. An innovative BC enhanced transaction process in BIM is required for sustainable building development. Roles of a user level driven smart contract system of BC can be used to enhance BIM system in the sustainable buildings process. The role of BC is primarily at user level driven smart contracts and their record value exchange capabilities. A user level (BIM stakeholders) driven BC technology for transaction in BIM process flow is revealed, and the user level (sustainable building design project stakeholders/BIM clients) driven and the smart contract enabled BIM+ BC architecture to address challenges of BIM for sustainable design has been further circulated according to the literature. Subsequently, a conceptual architecture of BIM + BC for Sustainable Building Design Information Management Framework in building project management has been proposed, validated, and refined. The Framework has two level encompassing structures and flow. The high-level framework is focused on strategy, whilst the low-level framework demonstrates technical components in detail. This architecture supporting project stakeholders in managing information, has the potential to achieve and ensure the realization of sustainable design goals through the interactive realization of smart contracts integrated into the user level driven BIM + BC system and its recording value exchange function through three user-driven levels, namely user, system, and transaction.
MALDI-TOF MS-Based Analysis of Seed Proteins from Catalogue Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum/Lycopersicon esculentum
Authors: Reeve Michael
Published: June 2019

Matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) is a flexible technique for the analysis of protein-containing biological samples. Simple and inexpensive methods have previously been developed for MALDI-TOF MS sample preparation that are able to discriminate between Impatiens species that are closely related and also between regional biotypes of the invasive weed Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) with leaf material and also seed material. The current article investigates whether MALDI-TOF MS, through acid-soluble protein ‘fingerprinting’, can be used to analyze plant seeds that result from intensive commercial plant-breeding activity. As an initial proof-of-concept study, tomato seeds from eleven seed-catalogue varieties (F1 Pink Baby Plum, F1 Fantasio, F1 Lizzano, F1 Sungold, F1 Tumbler, Faworyt, Golden Sunrise, Hundreds and Thousands, Indigo Rose, Moneymaker, and Red Alert), listed as Solanum lycopersicum or under the synonym Lycopersicon esculentum were analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. Whilst peak-rich and highly-reproducible spectra were obtained, with very high Bruker comparison scores and low MALDI-TOF MS variance, sample-preparation variance, and seed-to-seed variance, the spectral differences between varieties were only slightly greater than the above combined variances, indicating very close similarity between all eleven varieties studied. These results are discussed in comparison with those previously observed with the naturally-evolving invasive species I. glandulifera.
Impact of Constant Versus Fluctuating Temperatures on the Development and Life History Parameters of Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Li , Ren Lipin , Shang Yanjie , Wang Shiwen , Guo Yadong
Published: June 2019

Necrophagous fly species are commonly used as forensic tools to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Many researchers raised necrophagous flies under constant temperature regimes to collect their developmental data. However, in most forensic cases, the ambient temperature fluctuates. In order to investigate a forensically important fly developmental mode (the Isomegalen diagram, Isomorphen diagram and Thermal summation models) and make comparisons of the developmental rate between constant temperatures and fluctuating temperatures, we used Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to investigate the life history parameters at eight constant temperatures ranging from 8 to 36 °C. We also compared developmental rate of A. grahami in three groups of constant versus fluctuating temperatures: 8 °C vs. 6–12 °C, 12 °C vs. 10–16 °C, and 16 °C vs. 14–20 °C. Our data showed that A. grahami is cold tolerant with a mean (±SE) development threshold temperature (D0) of 3.41 ± 0.48 °C and a thermal summation constant (K) of 8125.2 ± 288.4-degree hours. The three groups subjected to fluctuating temperatures took longer to develop compared to those developing in constant temperatures when simulated in a model. These results not only provide detailed developmental data for the use of A. grahami in the estimation of the PMI, but also indicate that ambient temperature fluctuation must be taken into consideration for the use of all necrophagous fly species.
Impaired Skeletal Muscle Kynurenine Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gosker Harry R. , Clarke Gerard , de Theije Chiel C. , Cryan John F. , Schols Annemie M. W. J.
Published: June 2019

Background: Loss of peripheral muscle oxidative phenotype, cognitive impairment, and depression are well-recognized systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Kynurenine (KYN), known to be associated with disturbed mental health, can be metabolized in muscle by kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT) 1–4. These KATs are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC1α). We hypothesize that impaired PGC1α signaling in COPD is associated with reduced muscle KAT expression and increased KYN plasma levels. Methods: Retrospective collected and metabolically phenotyped muscle tissue and blood obtained from 29 well-characterized COPD patients and 15 healthy controls were analyzed. KYN was measured in plasma and KAT1–4 expression and major constituents of PGC1α signaling were assessed in quadriceps muscle biopsies. Results: Circulating KYN levels were increased in COPD. Furthermore, both gene and protein expression levels of KAT4 were reduced in muscle tissue from COPD patients. Finally, in the whole group (even when controlled for airflow obstruction) and in each subgroup separately, KAT4 gene expression correlated significantly with constituents of the PGC1α signaling pathway. Conclusions: These data support our hypothesis that KYN plasma levels are elevated in COPD through impaired KYN clearance in muscle. Our findings show a pathway via which exercise training and/or nutritional modulation may improve physical and mental health in COPD patients.