bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complicaciones y factores de riesgo en pacientes sometidos a colagiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en una clínica de tercer nivel de Medellín desde el 2014 hasta el 2017
Authors: Garcés Otero Juan Sebastián , Mejía Henao Paula Andrea , Andrés Uribe Andrés Uribe , Serrano Otero Javier Andrés , Andrés Velásquez Andrés Velásquez , Agudelo Posada Juan Javier , Moreno Mauricio , Arias Botero José Hugo
Published: March 2020

Introducción. La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica es la herramienta de elección para el manejo de una gran cantidad de enfermedades pancreáticas y biliares. Al ser un procedimiento invasivo, trae consigo riesgos que aumentan la morbimortalidad en los pacientes en quienes se practica. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las complicaciones más prevalentes relacionadas con el procedimiento, de los pacientes de una institución de tercer nivel de Medellín entre los años 2014 y 2017.

Métodos. Se presenta un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica con diagnóstico de enfermedades biliares y pancreáticas. La información fue analizada usando estadística descriptiva e inferencial, mediante análisis univariado y multivariado, y se calculó la razón de momios (odds ratio, OR) con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %; se tomó como significativo un valor de p inferior a 0,25 en los análisis bivariados.

Resultados. En los 1.546 pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica, la edad promedio fue de 57,6 ± 19.3 años y el 59,1 % eran mujeres. Las complicaciones identificadas fueron: pancreatitis en 57 pacientes (3,7 %), sangrado en 28 (1,8 %), perforación en 8 (0,5 %) y mortalidad no discriminada de 42 pacientes (2,7 %). Como factores de riesgo con significancia estadística, se encontraron la papilotomía y el contraste del conducto de Wirsung (OR=3 y OR=3,55, respectivamente).

Discusión. Los resultados obtenidos se encuentran en concordancia con los de la literatura mundial, con tasas de complicaciones y mortalidad similares. Por otra parte, el perfil sociodemográfico de la población de estudio difiere de las cifras internacionales, con predominancia de la enfermedad estudiada en edades mayores y con mayor cantidad de comorbilidades.
Neumatosis quística intestinal y peritoneal, causa de neumoperitoneo. Revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso
Authors: Arroyave Guerrero Yeni Alexandra , Ruiz Beltrán Germán Hernando , Meza Cabrera María del Mar , Muñoz Ruiz Edwin Oweimar , Muñoz Ordoñez Guillermo Wilson
Published: March 2020

Introducción. La neumatosis intestinal es una condición rara que se caracteriza por la infiltración submucosa o subserosa de gas en el tubo digestivo. Se encuentra más frecuentemente en el intestino delgado y, pocas veces, en localización extraintestinal. Su prevalencia estimada es de 0,03 %.

Métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos biomédicas Medline Pubmed, Science Direct, Tripdatabase y Uptodate, usando como palabras clave ‘neumoperitoneo’ y ‘neumatosis cistoide intestinal’ Para la presentación del caso clínico, se tomaron datos de la historia clínica y, además, imágenes de radiografía, tomografías y material fotográfico del procedimiento quirúrgico.

Presentación del caso. Se trata de una mujer de 63 años de edad con antecedentes de colagenopatía, que consultó por dolor y distensión abdominal. Aunque no tenía signos de irritación peritoneal, las imágenes diagnósticas revelaron neumoperitoneo y líquido libre en la cavidad peritoneal, por lo que se sospechó una perforación intestinal y se practicó una laparotomía exploratoria, en la cual se encontró neumatosis quística intestinal y peritoneal.

Conclusiones. No todos los casos de neumoperitoneo requieren cirugía. Existen casos espontáneos y sin irritación peritoneal, secundarios a neumatosis quística intestinal. En los casos de neumoperitoneo en pacientes estables con un diagnostico etiológico no muy claro, y en quienes se desee descartar perforación intestinal o isquemia mediante exploración quirúrgica, la laparoscopia diagnóstica es una buena opción y menos agresiva que la laparotomía.
Pengaruh Dana Desa Terhadap Disparitas Pembangunan Antar Kabupaten Di Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Wazir Hutapia , Almanuar Benardin
Published: March 2020

The problem of development disparity between districts and cities in Bengkulu Province, as indicated by the relatively high and fluctuating Gini Index figures, meanwhile village funds received by the district government always increase from year to year. Therefore this study aims to find out how much influence village funds have on development disparities between districts in Bengkulu province. This study uses secondary data, obtained from the Central Statistics Bureau, the Ministry of Finance and other related institutions. The population in this study is Bengkulu Province, while the sample is all districts in Bengkulu Province, except Bengkulu City.            The panel data regression results, the chosen model is Fixed Effect, where the Village Fund variable has a negative and significant influence on the level of disparity in development between districts in Bengkulu Province. The regression coefficient value is very small but influential in reducing development disparity (Gini Index). This is because the amount of village funds is very small given by the government and also the formulation of the distribution of village funds that are not pro to the poor population and many other factors that affect the development gap.Keywords: The fund village, development disparity
Rational dosing of HCQ for COVID-19_pre-print
Authors: Downes Kevin , Chiotos Kathleen , Fitzgerald Julie , Scheetz Marc H , Zuppa Athena F.
Published: March 2020

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, datato inform optimal human dosing are limited.Methods: We conducted Monte Carlo simulations of HCQ sulfate using a published populationpharmacokinetic model. The model informing our simulations described a 2-compartmentlinear model with first-order absorption with a lag, derived from plasma HCQ concentrationdata from 22 healthy adults and 69 patients with malaria. Using the final PK model, we performed 1000 simulations for the plasma concentrations of HCQ sulfate based on various approved dosages (i.e. acute malaria, autoimmune conditions) and proposed dosing regimensfor treatment of COVID-19. The results of simulations were used to derive the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximal concentration, and time to maximal concentration for each evaluated regimen.Results: The use of a loading dose, as with acute malaria dosing, resulted in rapid achievementof maximal concentrations early in the treatment course, which were maintained with dailydosing thereafter. The use of once or twice daily doses without a loading dose led to slowlyincreasing plasma concentrations through day 10. Simulated regimens that employed an 800mg loading dose for adults (13 mg/kg for children) followed by 400 mg at 6 or 12 hours (6.5mg/kg for children) achieved the greatest AUC0-24.Conclusions: Based on our findings, along with established safety data from malarial studies,we believe that approved dosing for treatment acute malaria is the most reasonable and safestapproach if HCQ will be used to treat COVID-19.
Neuroanatomical changes associated with age-related hearing loss and listening effort
Authors: Rosemann Stephanie , Thiel Christiane
Published: March 2020

Age-related hearing loss is associated with a decrease in hearing abilities for high frequencies and therefore leads to impairments in understanding speech – in particular, under adverse listening situations. Growing evidence suggests that age-related hearing loss is related to various neural changes, for instance, affecting auditory and frontal brain regions. How the decreased auditory input and the increased listening effort in daily life are associated with structural changes is less clear since previous evidence is scarce and mostly involved low sample sizes. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of age-related untreated hearing loss and daily life listening effort on grey matter and white matter changes in a large sample of participants (n=71). For that aim, we conducted anatomical MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in elderly hard of hearing and age-matched normal-hearing participants. Our results showed significantly lower grey matter volume in the middle frontal cortex in hard of hearing compared to normal-hearing participants. Further, higher listening effort was associated with lower grey matter volume and cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and lower grey matter volume in the inferior frontal cortex. No significant relations between hearing abilities or listening effort were obtained for white matter changes. These findings provide evidence that hearing impairment as well as daily life listening effort seem to be associated with grey matter loss in prefrontal brain regions. We further conclude that alterations in cortical thickness seem to be linked to the increased listening effort rather than the hearing loss itself.
Memahami gangguan kecemasan dalam diri remaja
Authors: Wicaksono Endra , Permana Vincentius Fitra Yogi , Putri Pinkan Anca , putri anastasya marsella , Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini menggambarkan mengenai dalam memahami gangguan kecemasan pada diri remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui angket yang diisi oleh 22 orang remaja. Dari hasil analisis angket dapat diketahui bahwa remaja mengalami kecemasan karena faktor tertentu. Kecemasan pada remaja dapat dikenali melalui gejala yang timbul seperti psikosomatis. Kemudian, dalam memahami kecemasan di dalam diri remaja, dapat dilihat melalui tingkatan kecemasan. Remaja sering mengalami kecemasan pada tingkat ringan dan tingkat sedang.
What sound sources trigger misophonia? Not just chewing and breathing
Authors: Hansen Heather , Leber Andrew B. , Saygin Zeynep M.
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Misophonia is a highly prevalent yet understudied condition characterized by aversion toward particular environmental sounds. Oral/nasal sounds (e.g., chewing, breathing) have been the focus of research, but variable experiences warrant an objective investigation. Experiment 1 asked whether human-produced oral/nasal sounds were more aversive than human-produced non-oral/nasal sounds and nonhuman/nature sounds. Experiment 2 additionally asked whether machine-learning algorithms could predict the presence and severity of misophonia.Method:Sounds were presented to individuals with misophonia (Exp.1: N=48, Exp.2: N=45) and members of the general population (Exp.1: N=39, Exp.2: N=61). Aversiveness ratings to each sound were self-reported.Results: Sounds from all three source categories – not just oral/nasal sounds – were rated as significantly more aversive to individuals with misophonia than controls. Further, modeling all sources classified misophonia with 89% accuracy and significantly predicted misophonia severity (r=0.75). Conclusions:Misophonia should be conceptualized as more than an aversion to oral/nasal sounds, which has implications for future diagnostics and experimental consistency moving forward.
Individual Psychological Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Different Clusters and Their Relation to Risk-Reducing Behavior
Authors: Stadler Matthias , Niepel Christoph , Botes Elouise , Dörendahl Jan , Krieger Florian , Greiff Samuel
Published: March 2020

Understanding individual difference in psychological responses toward the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) crisis is essential to the adequate handling of the current pandemic. Based on a sample of 1,182 American adult residents (stratified for age and gender; data collection March 13 to 15, 2020), we found three distinct clusters of psychological responses (i.e., informed, panic, and ignorant). Clusters differed regarding their knowledge about the virus, SARS-CoV-2-related anxiety (i.e., worry and emotionality), and evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 crisis’s severity. Cluster membership was strongly associated with both SARS-CoV-2 risk-reducing, reasonable behavior and unreasonable behavior. Finally, clusters could be linked to systematic differences in broader personality dimensions (i.e., Dark Triad and Big Five). Our study provides and validates a set of clusters of individual psychological responses to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resulting behavior. It functions as a pivotal starting point for longitudinal observations on the effectiveness of public health communications in this global challenge.
When in Danger, Turn Right: Does Covid-19 Threat Promote Social Conservatism and Right-Wing Presidential Candidates?
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Kowal Marta , Groyecka-Bernard Agata , Bialek Michal , Lebuda Izabela , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Sorokowski Piotr
Published: March 2020

Drawing upon the Parasite Model of Democratization across two preregistered experiments conducted in the USA and Poland (total N = 1,237), we examined the psychological and political consequences of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. By manipulating saliency of COVID-19, we found that activating thinking about coronavirus may elevate Americans' and Poles' anxiety and indirectly promote their social conservatism all the way to support for more conservative presidential candidates. The pattern obtained was consistent in both countries, and it suggests that the pandemic may result in a shift in political views.
Homemade cloth face masks to fight the COVID19 pandemic; a call for mass public masking with homemade cloth masks
Authors: Larsen David
Published: March 2020

As we face the COVID-19 pandemic our country is largely ignoring a potential transmission control tool – the community’s use of facial masks in public spaces. Ample evidence from historical studies (early 1900’s), modern filtration experiments of different materials and pathogens, and observational studies exists to suggest that mass masking of the community would decrease the transmissivity of SARS-CoV-2 and accelerate the flattening of the curve in which we are engaged. The WHO and CDC claim a lack of randomized trials as rationale for not promoting community use of face masks. But we have shut down the schools, workplaces, and social events. Where are the randomized trials of social distancing? We trust the science on social distancing. Let us trust the science on the community use of face masks. Given the aggressive nature of the pathogen we face we should bring all potential interventions to the fight against COVID-19, including the mass use of face masks of the community. With potentially devastating shortages of N95 respirators and surgical masks for clinicians, community masks should be homemade cloth that are effective at acting as source control interventions. Let us scale up the fabrication of a billion homemade cloth face masks and wear them in public.
Primer registro de ocurrencia de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en soja, en Uruguay
Authors: Castiglioni Enrique , Perini Clérison R. , Chiaravalle Willy , Arnemann Jonas A. , Ugalde Gustavo , Guedes Jerson V. C.
Published: March 2020

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una especie polífaga, con estatus de plaga cuarentenaria en Uruguay, que ha sido registrada en Europa, Asia, África, Oceanía, y más recientemente, en los países vecinos de América del Sur. Este es el primer registro confirmado de H. armigera en cultivos de soja, en Uruguay. La identificación de esta especie es difícil por su proximidad taxonómica con otras especies de los géneros Helicoverpa y Heliothis. La confirmación de identificación se realizó mediante caracteres anatómicos externos y de las genitalias, así como estudio de ADN, en machos adultos capturados en trampas de feromona sexual y larvas criadas en laboratorio, recolectadas en cultivos de soja en cuatro localidades de Flores, Lavalleja, Cerro Largo y Rocha.
Formación Libertad: Su reformulación
Authors: Bossi Jorge , Celio Antonella , Mármol Sebastián
Published: March 2020

Al desarrollar el proyecto «Limos Cuaternarios» se encontró que dentro de la Formación Libertad se incluían dos lodolitas diferentes: una, derivada de la meteorización de un loess finiplioceno, sin gravilla, con menos de 20 % de arena y con illita como mineral arcilloso dominante, a la que se propone mantener como Formación Libertad. A la otra lodolita, derivada de rocas básicas con alto porcentaje de arena, minerales ferromagnesianos en esa fracción, abundante gravilla (30-50 %) y montmorillonita como mineral arcilloso dominante, se propone denominarla Formación La Carolina. En realidad se trata de unidades edafoestratigráficas. Las diferencias mineralógicas sugieren una concentración diferente en oligoelementos que podría resultar en un comportamiento disímil de la fertilidad natural. La distribución actual puede definirse a partir de las asociaciones de suelos relevados en la Carta de Suelos a escala 1/1.000.000 de Uruguay.
HACCP en plantas artesanales pequeñas y medianas dedicadas a la producción de hortalizas de IV y V Gama*
Authors: Vazquez-Armenta F. Javier , Ayala-Soto Rosa E. , Cruz-Valenzuela M. Reynaldo , González-Aguilar Gustavo A. , Ayala-Zavala J. Fernando
Published: March 2020

La oferta de alimentos frescos mínimamente procesados está creciendo, por lo que resulta indispensable que dichos productos puedan ser utilizados sin riesgos para la salud de los consumidores. Estos riesgos pueden repercutir no solamente en serios efectos en la salud del hogar y en la productividad de las empresas, sino incluso en responsabilidades legales de las empresas productoras. El número de plantas de procesamiento de hortalizas en las diferentes escalas se ha incrementado durante los últimos años en muchos países. Al mismo tiempo, los productos vegetales frescos han sido implicados en diferentes investigaciones como principal fuente de infección. Además, la manipulación durante el procesamiento y la falta de tratamientos térmicos hace que los puntos de control del riesgo en su proceso sean difíciles de establecer. Es por eso que en esta revisión se destaca la importancia de la implementación de programas efectivos como las buenas prácticas de manufactura (BPM), los procedimientos estándares operativos de saneamiento (PEOS) y el análisis de peligros y puntos críticos de control (HACCP) que ayuden a asegurar la inocuidad de estos alimentos.
Percepciones sobre el liderazgo de los extensionistas rurales en Uruguay, un abordaje cuantitativo
Authors: Gravina Virginia
Published: March 2020

El liderazgo tiene un rol estratégico en el proceso de extensión, dado que el extensionista debe promover cambios y desarrollar recursos tanto humanos como naturales. Bajo esta premisa el objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la forma en que los extensionistas rurales en el Uruguay perciben el liderazgo en su práctica laboral. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa centrada en dos cuestionarios, uno basado en características y estilos de liderazgo y otro que aportaba datos demográficos. Participaron en el estudio 120 extensionistas rurales pertenecientes a instituciones públicas y privadas y a la Universidad. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis factorial exploratorio y descripción estadística. Los resultados muestran tres formas de ejercer el liderazgo en la práctica de la extensión: dos de las formas combinan mecanismos transformacionales y transaccionales, mientras que la tercera forma presenta formas transaccionales y de liderazgo pasivo. El estudio demográfico evidenció que el 69 % de los individuos relevados tiene formación terciaria y el 49 % carece de entrenamiento específico en extensión.
Importancia de las semillas duras en leguminosas forrajeras producidas en Uruguay
Authors: Boschi Federico , Latorre Pablo , Saldanha Sylvia , Machado Jorge , Bentancur Oscar
Published: March 2020

Las leguminosas forrajeras, principalmente trébol rojo, trébol blanco, alfalfa y lotus, son la base de las praderas plurianuales cultivadas en la producción pecuaria del Uruguay. El porcentaje de germinación para estas especies en el análisis de laboratorio corresponde a la suma de las plántulas normales y las semillas duras. Los lotes de semillas comercializados en el país tienen indicado el porcentaje mínimo de germinación y la pureza física del lote en la etiqueta. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue analizar la importancia de las semillas duras en los lotes comerciales nacionales de leguminosas forrajeras. Se utilizaron los resultados de 647 análisis del laboratorio INASE de tres años (2009, 2010, 2011) y se realizaron dos ensayos de emergencia a campo: de semillas «duras» y «totales». La interacción especie x año (p < 0,0001) en el porcentaje de semillas duras fue significativa en los lotes estudiados. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la emergencia de semillas duras debidas a la alta o baja proporción de semillas duras en el lote para ninguna de las fechas consideradas, pero sí existieron diferencias significativas entre especies en emergencia. El número de plántulas en alfalfa fue mayor que en otras especies en los primeros 30 días pos siembra. A los 90 días pos siembra el trébol rojo aún presentaba la menor emergencia de plantas en relación a las otras especies. Los resultados obtenidos inducen a profundizar en el estudio de esta característica por especie de leguminosa, ya que difiere su accionar como mecanismo de sobrevivencia.
Synthesis and Field Evaluation of the Sex Pheromone of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Tacain Jimena , Parpal Florencia , Abbate Silvana , Silva Horacio , Ribeiro Adela , Heguaburu Viviana
Published: March 2020

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) is known to cause economic damage to rapeseed, cabbage, and other cruciferous crops worldwide. Sex pheromone components of P. xylostella, including (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadece-nol, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, were synthesized in a concise and divergent fashion in yields appropriate to develop field tests. Two blends were prepared from these three components (8:18:100 and 10:1:90), and they were used to evaluate the number of P. xylostella adult male captures in commercial canola fields. Our results indicate that both blends were effective at attracting the microlepidoptera. Furthermore, they show that this type of pest-specific method could lead to the development of sustainable management strategies to rationalize the use of pesticides.
Utilización de abejorros nativos (Bombus atratus Franklin y Bombus bellicosus Smith) para mejorar la producción de semillas del trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense)
Authors: Salvarrey Sheena , Arbulo Natalia , Rossi Carlos , Santos Estela , Salvarrey Luis , Invernizzi Ciro
Published: March 2020

En Uruguay la producción histórica de semillas de trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense) está ligeramente por encima de los 100 kg/ha. Este bajo valor puede ser explicado por la dificultad de polinización en esta especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la producción de semillas de trébol rojo bajo condiciones de campo utilizando los abejorros nativos Bombus atratus y Bombus bellicosus como polinizadores principales. En este trabajo se utilizó un semillero de trébol rojo de 250 x 200 m en segunda floración, sembrado con el cultivar Estanzuela 116. En febrero del 2010, siete colonias de Bombus atratus y tres de Bombus bellicosus (media ± DE: 99 ± 36 individuos) fueron ubicados a lo largo de un lado del semillero. Se establecieron 25 parcelas experimentales de 5 x 2 m a diferentes distancias desde la ubicación de los nidos. En abril se cosecharon las semillas de trébol rojo de cada parcela y se calcularon varios indicadores del rendimiento de semillas. La proporción media de semillas por flor en una inflorescencia fue de 64,4 %, valor superior al máximo reportado en Uruguay (62 %), pero no se encontró una correlación entre este indicador y la presencia de abejorros. En cambio, se encontró que el número de abejorros está asociado con el número de inflorescencias maduras/m2, el número de inflorescencias/m2 y la producción de semillas (g/m2). Estos resultados muestran la factibilidad de obtener un buen rendimiento de semillas de trébol rojo en Uruguay utilizando a los abejorros nativos.
Uso de envasado en atmósfera modificada en los productos de IV y V gama
Authors: Escalona Víctor Hugo
Published: March 2020

Los productos de IV y V gama son altamente susceptibles al deterioro y a sufrir recontaminación por microorganismos después de finalizado el procesamiento industrial. El uso del envasado en atmósfera modificada (EAM) es ampliamente empleado como técnica para prolongar la vida útil de estos productos. El principal efecto fisiológico del uso comercial de EAM, con una combinación gaseosa baja en O2 y moderada a alta en CO2, se debe a la disminución de la respiración aeróbica, producción de etileno, pardeamiento enzimático, degradación de la pared celular, crecimiento microbiano, etc., prolongando la vida útil especialmente en los productos de IV gama respecto a los de V gama, los cuales fueron tratados con calor y presentan una perecibilidad menor. Para alcanzar la atmósfera de equilibrio recomendada en el interior del envase con un producto de IV gama se debe seleccionar la película plástica según su permeabilidad al O2, CO2, etileno y vapor de agua, tasa respiratoria y peso del producto cortado, superficie de intercambio del envase y temperatura de almacenamiento. Para los productos de V gama el material plástico debe ser resistente al tratamiento térmico y debe mantener el vacío tras el procesamiento. El uso de temperaturas adecuadas es la principal herramienta para mantener la calidad y vida útil, siendo por tanto esencial el monitoreo de la misma para evitar condiciones de anaerobiosis, ya que el consumo de O2 se incrementa en la hortaliza picada más rápidamente que la permeabilidad de la película plástica frente a un alza en la temperatura.
Mejora de las estimaciones con USLE/RUSLE empleando resultados de parcelas de escurrimiento para considerar el efecto del agua del suelo
Authors: García Préchac Fernando , Terra José , Sawchik Jorge , Pérez Bidegain Mario
Published: March 2020

Se parte de la información experimental obtenida en parcelas de escurrimiento bajo lluvia natural en tres sitios con Argiudoles en Uruguay: 1) Aguas Blancas, 1982-1986, cinco Usos y Manejos (UyM), 89 tormentas erosivas, 2) La Estanzuela, 1984-1989, seis UyM, 144 tormentas erosivas y 3) Palo a Pique, 1994-1999, seis UyM, 137 tormentas erosivas, completando el ciclo de la rotación más larga en cada sitio. La regresión lineal entre la erosión promedio anual estimada con USLE/RUSLE y la medida fue: EroEst = 0,958EroMed + 1,485, r² = 0,96, cercana a 1:1. Tres de los UyM correspondieron a suelo permanentemente desnudo, generando la mayor erosión, aproximadamente 40, 50 y 90 Mg.ha-1.año-1, respectivamente, mientras los demás UyM no superaron 20 Mg.ha-1.año-1. En suelo desnudo el contenido de agua fue siempre cercano a capacidad de campo porque sin transpiración, al secarse pocos centímetros superficiales, se minimiza la evaporación. Descartando esos tres casos y considerando los 14 restantes, la regresión lineal fue EroEst = 1,447EroMed + 0,709, r2 = 0,89, diferente de la relación 1:1, mostrando sobrestimación creciente con la magnitud de la erosión: si la estimación fue 4 Mg.ha-1, el valor medido fue 3,25 (23 % de sobrestimación), si la estimación fue 8 Mg.ha-1, el valor medido fue 6,02 (33 %de sobrestimación). La sobrestimación del modelo sin corrección por el contenido de agua en el suelo es relevante alrededor de 7 Mg.ha-1, el valor de tolerancia más frecuente de los suelos agrícolas (Argiudoles); se propone corregirla usando la regresión obtenida en este trabajo.
Un análisis sobre distintas estrategias de persistencia de las unidades de producción chacareras en la región pampeana argentina
Authors: Fernández Diego
Published: March 2020

Durante los últimos 25 años se verificaron en la agricultura pampeana importantes transformaciones, que se expresaron en un inusitado incremento de las cosechas. La agriculturización, el enorme incremento en el consumo de agroquímicos, la utilización de semillas transgénicas, nuevas formas de organización empresaria y el giro copernicano en materia de técnicas de siembra son algunos de los hitos que expresan aquella evolución. Estos desarrollos atraen un gran interés académico, siendo que otros cambios asimismo de gran importancia han quedado relativamente eclipsados, entre ellos el proceso de concentración productiva que significó una fuerte crisis de las unidades «chacareras». En un escenario en el que se redefinieron las escalas productivas, el cambio tecnológico encareció el financiamiento y las políticas públicas fueron indiferen-tes o perjudiciales para la producción familiar, es necesario explicar los motivos por los cuales la desaparición de explotaciones no fue aún mayor. En este trabajo se analiza lo que constituyen típicas estrategias de supervivencia de estos agentes económicos: infravalorar los propios recursos, pluriactividad y recurrir al contratismo de servicios como estrategia defensiva. El método elegido es el testeo econométrico, empleando las bases de datos a nivel departamental de los últimos Censos Agropecuarios.
Treaty Failure or Treaty Constitutionalism? The Problematic Validity of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
Authors: Scholtz Christa
Published: March 2020

In 1975, the signatories to the James Bay Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) anticipated the possibility that critical portions of the Agreement could be judicially invalidated on federalism grounds. In light of that possibility, the signatories set out their obligations to each other should that invalidation occur. My question is: given all of the constitutional and jurisprudential changes that have happened since, is the JBNQA constitutionally valid today? It certainly is presumed to be valid, but this presumption has never been directly posed to the Supreme Court of Canada. This article builds an argument that the premises established in contemporary jurisprudence, on the law as it now stands, lead to the conclusion that the JBNQA is invalid. While my answer is that current jurisprudence is consistent with the JBNQA’s invalidity on federalism grounds, I briefly engage the further question of whether a ‘living tree’ textual reinterpretation of section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 could uphold the Agreement’s constitutionality despite its federalism defect. In other words, can section 35(1) bear the weight of a treaty amendment clause? I argue that it currently does not but that it could. I then show how such a reinterpretation of section 35(1) would in effect be a reinterpretation of the whole Canadian constitutional order. What is at stake in this discussion of the JBNQA and the Canadian Constitution is nothing less than what the Canadian Constitution is all about.
The implications of property as self-government
Authors: Lavoie Malcolm
Published: March 2020

Recent scholarship has argued that many of the distinctive features of Indigenous land tenure in common law countries can be explained by a single basic idea: under these regimes, property in land serves the unusual function of delineating the territorial authority of self-governing political communities. Among the recurring features that can be explained by this self-government function are special restraints on the alienation of land interests, distinctive co-ownership rules favouring collective governance, special group governance powers linked to land ownership, the relaxation of the numerus clausus principle, and special immunities from outside interference. This article attempts to assess the implications of this approach for understanding Indigenous land tenure. The author argues that there are important theoretical implications to this approach, both for understanding the relationship between property and sovereignty as legal concepts and for understanding the values reflected in a property system. In this area of law, property and sovereignty appear to operate as conceptual poles along a spectrum rather than as essentially distinct concepts. Moreover, the comparison with specialized systems of Indigenous land tenure can tell us something about the values reflected in the common law property systems that apply outside of Indigenous communities. Among other things, this approach shows the ways in which common law property systems normally work to discourage cultural enclaves. In addition to its theoretical implications, this approach to understanding Indigenous land tenure also has potential implications for land tenure reform. The theory helps bring into focus the unique trade-offs associated with institutional design in this area of law. It also allows for the identification of anomalous doctrinal features that cannot be explained by this theory. The article concludes with some insights relevant to statutory reform and the judicial development of the common law of Aboriginal title.
РОЗРАХУНОК РИЗИКУ РОЗВИТКУ СЕРЦЕВО- СУДИННОЇ ПАТОЛОГІЇ, ЩО МАЄ ТРИВАЛИЙ ПЕРЕБІГ, У ПОСТРАЖДАЛОГО З БОЙОВОЮ ТРАВМОЮ: КЛІНІЧНИЙ ВИПАДОК
Authors: Сидорова Н. М.  , Пешкова М. І.  , Воронко А. А.  , Хоменко І. В.  , Третяк Д. Д.
Published: March 2020

Combat activity in eastern Ukraine has shown dramatically different, compared to previous military campaigns, indicators of casualties, which substantiates the need to reform approaches to providing medical assistance to injured combatants. Pathology of internal organs, in particular the cardiovascular system, often accompanies combat trauma, worsens the process of recovery of the injured combatant, leads to his unfitness for military service, sometimes to disability. It is known that in about 20% of all injured combatants signs of secondary pathology of the cardiovascular system with various manifestations are presented. This percentage even reaches 95% among the seriously injured, who are treated at the intensive care units. Therefore, an important task for military medicine is the timely identification of high-risk group of patients among injured combatants in order to plan effective prevention measures. In 2018, a method for predicting the risk of developing secondary pathology of the cardiovascular system was developed and tested on the basis of a database of injured combatants from National Military Medical Clinical Center “Main Military Clinical Hospital”. We have tested this technique in a specific clinical case of an injured combatant with manifest signs of cardiovascular system abnormalities.
PROBLEMS IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Elena A. Veliyeva
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the problems of teaching a foreign language at a technical university at the present stage. The problem of deepening cognitive activity, strengthening the independence and creativity of students is one of the stimulating tasks in pedagogy. The modern orientation of education towards the formation of a person’s competence in activities and communication presupposes the creation of didactic and psychological conditions in which a student can show a personal position, individuality, express himself as a subject of training. And, namely, the student is involved in the process of educational activity with varying degrees of activity. The article also describes three levels of cognitive activity of students: reproducing, interpreting and creative. The first level, reproducing, is characterized by the desire of students to understand, remember, reproduce the acquired skills, mastering the ways of performing actions on the model. The interpretation level implies a desire to comprehend the meaning of what is being studied, to apply knowledge and mastered methods of activity in new educational conditions. The creative level, on the other hand, provides students with a readiness for a theoretical understanding of knowledge, an understanding of the connections between objects and phenomena, an independent search for solutions to problems. The article analyzes passive and active learning, depending on the level of cognitive activity of students in the educational process. With passive learning, the student acts as an object of educational activity (monologue lectures, reading literature, demonstrations) and does not perform any problematic, search tasks. With active learning, the student becomes the subject of educational activity, enters into a dialogue with the teacher, actively participates in the cognitive process, performs creative, search, problem tasks. Moreover, in this article, based on the objective laws of the process of cognitive activity of a person, information on problem education is given. And, namely, the basis of the theory of problem-based education is: 1. purposefulness (i.e. not one goal is to study the material, but several - educational, educational, developing); 2. The problematic structure of educational material; 3. A combination of creative and reproductive teaching methods; 4. duality of the learning process (the listener is not a passive object of pedagogical activity, but an active subject of the learning process); 5. The corresponding structure of knowledge; 6. systematic motivation for learning (the formation of students' cognitive needs and interest in knowledge). It is also noted that when implementing the principle of problem-based learning, a whole series of psychological and related problems arise, primarily with the creation of a problematic situation corresponding tasks to be solved. This article provides solutions to these problems.
ВІРШОВАНИЙ ТЕКСТ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Ходаковська Н. Г.
Published: March 2020

The article provides an overview of modern theories of the artistic expression of verse texts. The inseparable connection of form and content has been established as an integral feature of the artistic speech of the verse text. The basic features of the verse text are identified, namely the relationship of sound and content organization, the interrelation of the meter and the theme. On the basis of the analysis the formalistic and structuralist approaches for the study of the form and content of the verse text are distinguished; the system-structural direction in which the verse text is conceived as a whole; the linguopoietic direction determines the interaction of the form and content of the verse text, and its linguistic elements cause an aesthetic effect. The aesthetic aspect of the poem is considered in the dialectical unity of cognitive and imaginative combinatorics. The purpose of linguoconceptology is to study the processes of conceptualization of the world (society, culture). An approach related to the semantic features of verbal text usage reveals their role in creating a verbal image.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF LATERAL ROCKS WITH A SUPPLE SUPPORT
Authors: Iordanov I. V.  , Simonova Yu. I.  , Polozhy A. V.  , Podkopayev Ye. S.  , Skyrda A. Ye.  , Kayun A. P.
Published: March 2020

A complex of analytical studies of the stability of lateral rocks with a supple support, where the coal seam roof was a beam model, some laboratory experiments on samples made from optical and equivalent materials, as well as some mine experiments were was carried out. As a result of the studies, it was found that the stability of lateral rocks with a supple support of crushed rock depended on the compaction of the backfill array on which the roof rocks were based. It was experimentally proved that with external force, the coefficient of compaction of the backfill array changes according to the hyperbolic dependence, the maximum values of which were determined as a result of compaction of the supple support consisting of heterogeneous fractions of the starting material of a certain bulk density. The change in the stress-strain state of the lateral rocks in the coal array with a roadway depended on the bending stiffness of the stratified rock mass and the parameters of flexible structures used to support the roadway. When supporting the roadways with supple support structures, the convergence of the lateral rocks on the contour of the stoop roadway was observed exponentially until the support was completely compressed, while supporting the roadways with coal pillars, the displacement of the rocks on the contour of the roadway increased having linear dependence due to the destruction of the pillar. The stability of the lateral rocks, which determines the operational state of the excavation roadways, was ensured by the use of supple supports or stowing the mined-out space, taking into account the reasonable granulometric content of crushed rock, which ensured the maximum values of the compaction coefficient of the backfill array when the roof and coal seat got deformed.
First Outcomes of Implementing the New Model of Continuous Education in the System of Further Post-Graduate Training of Doctors
Authors: Chesnokova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the continuing medical education (CME), which is a supplementary vocational education carried out through the implementation of qualification and further post-graduate training programs. The basic principles of the CME development in the Russian Federation are defined in the article. Among them: continuity in post-graduate training; harmonization with international standards; partnership of the state and professional organizations; comprehensive training of medical workers, that is convenient for them; the use of innovative technologies; quality control and independence, the motivation of employees to improve their skills. During the study the following methods were applied: analysis, comparison and observation. The author of the article outlines that the current regulatory framework for the CME development is the federal laws in the field of healthcare. The results of the study. The majority of doctors accepted a new model as a principal one and registered at the CME website for training. It is concluded that the fundamental difference between the new educational model and the traditional one is that in the СME system an individual 5-year cycle educational plan is drawn up, including 250 credits (hours) of educational activity, which are evenly divided into 50 credits (hours) annually. It is also stated that during the process of implementing the model, certain problems arose: a significant increase in the number of students per year, the increase in the number of organizations accredited for training since it is difficult to control it at the first stage. The СME model needs to be improved and developed, relying on all the best achievements and developments of the traditional system of post-graduate training of doctors.
Prognostication of Patients with Spinal Bone Metastases (SBM): External Validation Study Comparing the Utility of Two Current Prediction Models
Authors: Sanli I. , Sanli I. , K Terhaag , A van Baardwijk , SMJ van Kuijk , EJ van Limbergen , PC Willems
Published: March 2020

Purpose: A majority of developed prediction models for SBM are not used in clinical practice, where there
is lack of external validation studies describing their performance on independent patient data.
Methods: Primary aim was to externally validate two prediction models and to demonstrate whether these
can be generalized for patients treated in different centers. Secondary aim was to identify additional
prognostic factors predicting survival in patients with SBM.
Results: Our results show modest predictive capacity for patients with symptomatic SBM in daily clinical
practice by use of the existing two prediction models Van der Linden and Bollen. A slightly better
performance in discrimination and calibration is found for the Bollen model with a C-statistic of 0.67 (95%
CI: 0.63 –0.71) based on the validation dataset (95% CI: 0.65 –0.73) in contrast to Van der Linden with a
C-statistic of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60–0.71). Impact of brain or visceral metastases was significantly associated
with survival, with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.8 and 1.34 respectively. For breast cancer patients with SBM,
hormone receptor status was of importance for prognostication (C-statistic of 0.67).
Conclusion: With this first external validation study, we found modest predictive capacity for the prediction
models by van der Linden and Bollen, with a slightly better performance for the Bollen model. Predictive
impact of overall visceral and brainmetastases should not be underestimated. Breast tumor subtypes based
on immunohistochemistry markers, seem to be of importance for the prognostication of breast cancer
patients with SBM.
Application of Deep Learning in Predicting the Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia using Cytogenetics, Age, and Mutations
Authors: Nguyen Andy N.D. , Rios Adan , Nguyen Andy N.D. , Mai Brenda , Achi Hanadi El , Wang Iris , Chen Lei , Wahed Md. Amer , Lin Mei , Aakash Nfn. , Hu Zhihong
Published: March 2020

Objective: We explored how Deep Learning can be utilized to predict the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia.
Methods: Out of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, 94 acute myeloid leukemia cases were used in this study. Input data included age, 10 most common cytogenetic and 23 most common mutation results; output was the prognosis (diagnosis to death). In our Deep Learning network, autoencoders were stacked to form a hierarchical Deep Learning model from which raw data were compressed and organized, and high-level features were extracted. The network was written in R language and was designed to predict the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia for a given case (diagnosis to death of either more or less than 730 days).
Results: The Deep Learning network achieved an excellent accuracy of 83% in predicting prognosis.
Conclusion: As a proof-of-concept study, our preliminary results demonstrated a practical application of Deep Learning in the future practice of prognostic prediction using next-generation sequencing data.
Nutritional Deficiencies Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Elderly/Older Adults
Authors: Burns-Whitmore Bonny , Burns-Whitmore Bonny , Froyen Erik
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder
encountered in the elderly patient. GERD is one of the highly prevalent diseases seen in the clinical practice.
In the elderly population, few studies have addressed the prevalence of GERD. It is estimated that 20-30%
of the US population experience weekly symptoms of GERD, and two out of five people experience
heartburn or acid regurgitation at least once a month.
Methods: To ensure peer-review articles were used, the search engine, PubMed was utilized along with
medical reference-related websites and US Department websites as well as professional organizations. Some
medications used by older adults may promote acid reflux, prescription treatments include proton pump
inhibitors (PPIs), coating agents, H2 blockers and over-the-counter medications that contain antacids or
decreased dosages of the prescription strength H2 blockers and PPIs.
Discussion: Decreased stomach acidity could be responsible for risk of nutrient deficiencies including
vitamin B12 (cobalamin), vitamin C (ascorbate), calcium, iron and magnesium deficiencies or medications
that are used to alleviate the symptoms of GERD may also be responsible for increasing the risk for
deficiencies.
The purpose of this review is to demonstrate and provide reasons why regular assessment, screening, testing,
and/or clinically evaluating nutritional deficiencies common in older adults and relating to physical
pathogenesis and/or drug treatments of GERD, should be added to the GERD treatment protocol for older
adults.
Steroid Response and Vexol
Authors: Murdoch Ian , Parmar Bina , Murdoch Ian
Published: March 2020

Raised intraocular pressure from topical steroid application is well recognised. Frequently prednisolone, dexamethasone or betamethasone are replaced with Vexol. We report a case of steroid responsiveness to Vexol of note since it was confirmed following rechallenge with the drug.