bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Künstliche Intelligenz: Die Medizin von morgen ist eine andere
Authors: Gocke Peter
Published: August 2024

HIMSS Europe, KLAS Global Summit, Bits & Pretzels HealthTech, das EUHA-Symposium „Rethinking Healthcare Systems“, die (neue) HLTH Europe, und nicht zuletzt der Hauptstadtkongress – die zahlreichen Kongresse, Tagungen und Messen im Juni 2024 hatten eines gemeinsam: Das Thema KI in der Medizin nahm jeweils eine dominierende Rolle ein.
Krankenhaus Rating Report 2024: Zielbild: 1 200 Kliniken in 2030
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Zum 20-jährigen Jubiläum des „Krankenhaus Rating Reports“ muss Prof. Boris Augurzky ein Minus der Erlöse im Gesamtmarkt verkünden. Das durchschnittliche Jahresergebnis der Krankenhäuser betrug 0,6 Prozent der Erlöse. 2021 waren es noch 0,8 Prozent, 2020 sogar noch 1,6 Prozent.
Update: Bundes-Klinik-Atlas bleibt auf dem Seziertisch
Authors: Pabst Inga
Published: August 2024

Nach massiver Kritik wurde der Bundes-Klinik-Atlas in Windeseile überarbeitet. Bei der ursprünglichen Version hatten fast alle Krankenhäuser fehlerhafte Angaben gemeldet, einige kündigten Klagen an. Das Bundesgesundheitsministerium wies die Kritik zurück. Die neue Version ist den Kritikern nun zu dürftig.
Krankenhausreform: Debatte am Scheideweg
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Das Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) wurde Ende Juni im Bundestag in der ersten Lesung heiß diskutiert. Während Gesundheitsminister Prof. Karl Lauterbach die Ziele unterstrich, gab es von der Opposition Schelte.
Rechtskolumne: Organisationspflicht als Treuepflicht
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: August 2024

Der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH, Urt. 14.7.2021 – 6 StR 282/20) hatte im Rahmen eines Strafverfahrens über die Rolle eines Oberbürgermeisters zu entscheiden und grundsätzliche Ausführungen zur Führungsfunktion getätigt: Diese sind ohne weiteres auf die Rolle von Klinik-Geschäftsführern übertragbar. In der Sache ging es um Treuepflichtverletzungen durch unzureichende Sachaufklärung und damit um eine Verurteilung wegen Untreue.
Porträt: „Ich schätze den Schulterschluss“
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: August 2024

Sie ist seit Ende 2023 Bayerns Staatsministerin für Gesundheit, Pflege und Prävention: Judith Gerlach. Sie erzählt, wie sie der Krankenhausreform gegenübersteht, welche Pläne sie für ihre Legislaturperiode hat und auf welchen Werten ihr Engagement basiert. Ein Porträt.
Nachhaltigkeit: Wer finanziert den Klimaschutz an Kliniken?
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: August 2024

Auf dem CleanMed-Kongress wurde die finanzielle Kliniken-Unterstützung für den Ausbau von Klimaschutz-Aktivitäten gefordert. kma hat sich in der deutschen Klinikbranche umgehört und nachgefragt, wer sich den Forderungen anschließt – und wie die Organisation der Mittel aussehen könnte.
Patientensicherheit: Jeder Fehler ist einer zu viel
Authors: Eberl Susanne
Published: August 2024

Eine Patientin mit einem neuen Hüftgelenk stürzt auf den Klinikflur, ein Herzpatient bekommt ein falsches Medikament, Chirurgen vergessen einen Tupfer im Körper des Operierten: Um solche Fehler zu vermeiden, modernisiert und erweitert Sana das eigene Qualitäts- und klinische Risikomanagement.
cdgw-Zukunftspreis: Knappschaft Kliniken überzeugen mit KI
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2024

KI trägt dazu bei, Krankheiten früher zu erkennen und individueller zu therapieren. In diesem Jahr spielte das Thema daher beim cdgw-Zukunftspreis eine bedeutende Rolle, der an die Knappschaft Kliniken verliehen wurde.
Fehlermanagement: Ein Escape-Room für die Lehre
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: August 2024

Fehler erkennen und Gefahren abwenden: Das lernen Studierende, Auszubildende und Beschäftigte des Frankfurter Universitätsklinikums in einem virtuellen Room of Error. Der Ansatz ist interdisziplinär.
Kommunaler Defizitausgleich: Wird schlechte Führung belohnt, Herr Horneber?
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: August 2024

Deutschlands größter christlicher Klinikkonzern Agaplesion zerrt die Stadt Frankfurt vor Gericht. Der Klinikverbund sieht in einem Verlustausgleich über 48 Millionen Euro für das städtische Klinikum Höchst durch den kommunalen Träger eine Wettbewerbsverzerrung. Agaplesion-Chef Dr. Markus Horneber über Verbund-Solidarität, Subventionen und vorbildliche Kooperationen.
Psychiatrische Versorgung: Station ohne Betten
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Die mobile Station E64 der Psychiatrischen Klinik Lüneburg behandelt in einem Modellprojekt 15 AOK-Versicherte zu Hause. So werden Wohnzimmer oder Küche der Patienten zum Behandlungszimmer. Zwölf stationäre Betten konnten so in den vergangenen zehn Jahren schon abgebaut werden.
Tackling no-shows in fine dining: insights into cancellation policies and consumer awareness campaigns
Authors: Kim Esther L. , Tang Jason
Published: August 2024

This research aims to identify how fine dining restaurants can effectively implement reservation cancellation policies to address the issue of no-shows by applying equity theory, the dual entitlement principle, and social cognitive theory. Two experiments identified cancellation policy elements that influence restaurant evaluations and reservation behaviors. Findings revealed that cancellation policies negatively influence restaurant evaluations, and that policy strictness and awareness can attenuate this relationship via perceived fairness while enhancing the likelihood to book reservations and honor reservations. This research suggests that restaurants can benefit from implementing lenient cancellation policies and introducing awareness of the adverse impact of no-shows to customers.
Enterprise risk management and performance of the South African insurers: the moderating role of corporate governance
Authors: Horvey Sylvester Senyo , Odei-Mensah Jones
Published: August 2024

This study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on insurers’ performance (underwriting performance and Return on Assets) and investigating how corporate governance characteristics such as board size, board independence and gender diversity moderate the ERM-performance relationship. The study employs the generalised method of moments on a sample of 63 insurers in South Africa, covering 2015–2019. The study’s findings agree with the literature that a positive relationship exists between ERM and insurers’ performance. This was consistent with both performance indicators. Again, we find that board size, board independence, and gender diversity interact with ERM in affecting insurers’ performance, and the relationship was significantly positive. This implies that corporate governance plays a significant role in promoting ERM effectiveness in affecting performance. Therefore, insurers interested in ensuring a robust ERM system should leverage these governance factors to appreciate the overall impact of ERM on performance.
Josephson tunneling controlled by spin-orbit interaction
Authors: Jonson M. , Shekhter R. I. , Entin-Wohlman O. , Aharony A.
Published: August 2024

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of point-contact spectroscopy, we review and extend some of our recent studies on the effects of spin-orbit interactions located at an electric point contact connecting two bulk superconductors. In particular, we study the effects on the Josephson tunneling of Cooper pairs between the superconductors. We demonstrate that such tunneling forces the electronic spin to fluctuate quantum mechanically, transforming a BCS condensate into a quantum superposition of singlet and triplet pairs. The relative prevalence of those pairs can be controlled electrostatically and mechanically. The singlet pairs contribute to the Josephson charge current flowing through the point contact but not to the Josephson spin current injected into the superconductors. The spin-polarized pairs contribute to the injected Josephson spin current but not to the superconducting charge flow. These results allow for new functionalities of spin-active Josephson junctions.
Torsional behaviors of motor rotor of permanent magnet semi-direct drive system for aerial passenger device
Authors: Cai Tianfang , Yang Zhongguo , Li Wei , Yin Shuai
Published: August 2024

Considering the influence of motor shaft torsional damping, the torsional dynamics equations of a permanent magnet semi-direct drive rotor system in an aerial passenger device are derived. The derivation relies on the coupling between the mathematical model and the gear dynamics model of the permanent magnet motor, and the Lagrange–Maxwell equations are used for streamlined analysis. To protect the motor under extreme working conditions, the influence of supercritical Hopf bifurcation caused by different torsional dampings of the motor shaft on the torsional vibration of the motor rotor is investigated. Based on the Hurwitz criterion, the influence of the linear control gain and nonlinear gain of the washout filter on the system bifurcation point and the limit cycle amplitude of the system is analyzed. Then, from the perspective of the system instability and oscillation caused by friction damping change of the drive motor and the complex electromechanical coupling behavior in the permanent magnet semi-direct drive cutting drive system of the aerial passenger device, the system stability domain is defined. The results can be applied to effectively suppress the torsional vibration of the shaft system in the permanent magnet semi-direct drive system of the aerial passenger device, providing a theoretical guidance for stable operation of the system.
Large-scale avian vocalization detection delivers reliable global biodiversity insights
Authors: Sethi Sarab S. , Bick Avery , Chen Ming-Yuan , Crouzeilles Renato , Hillier Ben V. , Lawson Jenna , Lee Chia-Yun , Liu Shih-Hao , de Freitas Parruco Celso Henrique , Rosten Carolyn M. , Somveille Marius , Tuanmu Mao-Ning , Banks-Leite Cristina
Published: August 2024

Tracking biodiversity and its dynamics at scale is essential if we are to solve global environmental challenges. Detecting animal vocalizations in passively recorded audio data offers an automatable, inexpensive, and taxonomically broad way to monitor biodiversity. However, the labor and expertise required to label new data and fine-tune algorithms for each deployment is a major barrier. In this study, we applied a pretrained bird vocalization detection model, BirdNET, to 152,376 h of audio comprising datasets from Norway, Taiwan, Costa Rica, and Brazil. We manually listened to a subset of detections for each species in each dataset, calibrated classification thresholds, and found precisions of over 90% for 109 of 136 species. While some species were reliably detected across multiple datasets, the performance of others was dataset specific. By filtering out unreliable detections, we could extract species and community-level insight into diel (Brazil) and seasonal (Taiwan) temporal scales, as well as landscape (Costa Rica) and national (Norway) spatial scales. Our findings demonstrate that, with relatively fast but essential local calibration, a single vocalization detection model can deliver multifaceted community and species-level insight across highly diverse datasets; unlocking the scale at which acoustic monitoring can deliver immediate applied impact.
Development of a highly sensitive platform for protein–protein interaction detection and regulation of T cell function
Authors: Hayashi Hideki , Mak Tak Wah , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kubo Yoshinao , Izumida Mai , Urae Ryuji , Matsuyama Toshifumi
Published: August 2024

We developed a highly sensitive assay for detecting protein–protein interaction using chimeric receptors comprising two molecules of interest in the extracellular domain and interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 or 2 (IFNAR1/2) in the intracellular domain. This intracellular IFNAR1/2 reconstitution system (IFNARRS) proved markedly more sensitive than the NanoBiT system, currently considered one of the best detection systems for protein interaction. Employing chimeric receptors with extracellular domains from the IFNγ or IL-2 receptor and the intracellular domains of IFNAR1/2, the IFNARRS system effectively identifies low IFNγ or IL-2 levels. Cells stably expressing these chimeric receptors responded to IFNγ secreted by activated T cells following various stimuli, including a specific peptide-antigen. The activation signals were further enhanced by the expression of relevant genes, such as costimulators, via IFN-stimulated response elements in the promoters. Besides IFNγ or IL-2, the IFNARRS system demonstrated the capability to detect other cytokines by using the corresponding extracellular domains from these target cytokine receptors.
The consequences of AI training on human decision-making
Authors: Treiman Lauren S. , Ho Chien-Ju , Kool Wouter
Published: August 2024

AI is now an integral part of everyday decision-making, assisting us in both routine and high-stakes choices. These AI models often learn from human behavior, assuming this training data is unbiased. However, we report five studies that show that people change their behavior to instill desired routines into AI, indicating this assumption is invalid. To show this behavioral shift, we recruited participants to play the ultimatum game, where they were asked to decide whether to accept proposals of monetary splits made by either other human participants or AI. Some participants were informed their choices would be used to train an AI proposer, while others did not receive this information. Across five experiments, we found that people modified their behavior to train AI to make fair proposals, regardless of whether they could directly benefit from the AI training. After completing this task once, participants were invited to complete this task again but were told their responses would not be used for AI training. People who had previously trained AI persisted with this behavioral shift, indicating that the new behavioral routine had become habitual. This work demonstrates that using human behavior as training data has more consequences than previously thought since it can engender AI to perpetuate human biases and cause people to form habits that deviate from how they would normally act. Therefore, this work underscores a problem for AI algorithms that aim to learn unbiased representations of human preferences.
A model-independent tripartite test of cosmic distance relations
Authors: Matos Isabela , Quartin Miguel , Amendola Luca , Kunz Martin , Sturani Riccardo
Published: August 2024

Cosmological distances are fundamental observables in cosmology. The luminosity (D
L), angular diameter (D
A) and gravitational wave (D
GW) distances are all trivially related in General Relativity assuming no significant absorption of photons in the extragalactic medium, also known as cosmic opacity. Supernovae have long been the main cosmological standard candle, but bright standard sirens are now a proven alternative, with the advantage of not requiring calibration with other astrophysical sources. Moreover, they can also measure deviations from modified gravity through discrepancies between D
L and D
GW. However, both gravitational and cosmological parameters are degenerate in the Hubble diagram, making it hard to properly detect beyond standard model physics. Finally, recently a model-independent method named FreePower was proposed to infer angular diameter distances from large-scale structure which is independent of the knowledge of both early universe and dark energy physics. In this paper we propose a tripartite test of the ratios of these three distances with minimal amount of assumptions regarding cosmology, the early universe, cosmic opacity and modified gravity. We proceed to forecast this test with a combination of LSST and Roman supernovae, Einstein Telescope bright sirens and a joint DESI-like + Euclid-like galaxy survey. We find that even in this very model-independent approach we will be able to detect, in each of many redshift bins, percent-level deviations in these ratios of distances, allowing for very precise consistency checks of ΛCDM and standard physics. It can also result in sub-percent measurements of H
0.
Inverse design of nonlinear phononic crystal configurations based on multi-label classification learning neural networks
Authors: Huang 黄 Kunqi 坤琦 , Lin 林 Yiran 懿然 , Lai 赖 Yun 耘 , Liu 刘 Xiaozhou 晓宙
Published: August 2024

Phononic crystals, as artificial composite materials, have sparked significant interest due to their novel characteristics that emerge upon the introduction of nonlinearity. Among these properties, second-harmonic features exhibit potential applications in acoustic frequency conversion, non-reciprocal wave propagation, and non-destructive testing. Precisely manipulating the harmonic band structure presents a major challenge in the design of nonlinear phononic crystals. Traditional design approaches based on parameter adjustments to meet specific application requirements are inefficient and often yield suboptimal performance. Therefore, this paper develops a design methodology using Softmax logistic regression and multi-label classification learning to inversely design the material distribution of nonlinear phononic crystals by exploiting information from harmonic transmission spectra. The results demonstrate that the neural network-based inverse design method can effectively tailor nonlinear phononic crystals with desired functionalities. This work establishes a mapping relationship between the band structure and the material distribution within phononic crystals, providing valuable insights into the inverse design of metamaterials.
Imaging a force field via an optically levitated nanoparticle array
Authors: Lv 吕 Bihu 碧沪 , Zhang 张 Jiandong 建东 , Li 李 Chuang 闯
Published: August 2024

Levitated optomechanical systems represent an excellent candidate platform for force and acceleration sensing. We propose a force-sensing protocol utilizing an optically levitated nanoparticle array. In our scheme, N nanoparticles are trapped in an optical cavity using holographic optical tweezers. An external laser drives the cavity, exciting N cavity modes interacting simultaneously with the N nanoparticles. The optomechanical interaction encodes the information of the force acting on each nanoparticle onto the intracavity photons, which can be detected directly at the output ports of the cavity. Consequently, our protocol enables real-time imaging of a force field.
Physico−mathematical model of the voltage−current characteristics of light-emitting diodes with quantum wells based on the Sah−Noyce−Shockley recombination mechanism
Authors: Manyakhin Fedor I. , Varlamov Dmitry O. , Krylov Vladimir P. , Morketsova Lyudmila O. , Skvortsov Arkady A. , Nikolaev Vladimir K.
Published: August 2024

Herein, a physical and mathematical model of the voltage−current characteristics of a p−n heterostructure with quantum wells (QWs) is prepared using the Sah−Noyce−Shockley (SNS) recombination mechanism to show the SNS recombination rate of the correction function of the distribution of QWs in the space charge region of diode configuration. A comparison of the model voltage−current characteristics (VCCs) with the experimental ones reveals their adequacy. The technological parameters of the structure of the VCC model are determined experimentally using a nondestructive capacitive approach for determining the impurity distribution profile in the active region of the diode structure with a profile depth resolution of up to 10 Å. The correction function in the expression of the recombination rate shows the possibility of determining the derivative of the VCCs of structures with QWs with a nonideality factor of up to 4.
Historical review of simulators for satellite position and orientation control
Authors: Granados-Cruz L. G. , Chávez-Moreno R. G. , Ferrer-Perez J. A. , Romo-Fuentes C. , Ramírez-Aguilar J. A.
Published: August 2024

In the design of satellite systems, it is essential to control the satellite’s position for various reasons, either to have correct communication with a ground station or to make connections with other satellites. In the same way, the positioning of a satellite poses a significant challenge since its behavior is non-linear; due to these issues, several test benches have been developed for the satellite’s position problem. In this review, there will be a journey from the rise of the space age to the latest advances in technology for emulating the satellite’s dynamics.
Bayesian approach to particles identification in the MPD experiment
Authors: Babkin V.A. , Baryshnikov V.M. , Buryakov M.G. , Buzin S.G. , Dmitriev A.V. , Dronik V.I. , Dulov P.O. , Fedyunin A.A. , Golovatyuk V.M. , Kidanova E.Yu. , Lobastov S.P. , Pyatigor A.D. , Rumyantsev M.M. , Vokhmyanina K.A.
Published: August 2024

Identification of particles generated by ion collisions in
the NICA collider is one of the basic functions of the Multipurpose
Detector (MPD). The main means of identification in MPD are the
time-of-flight system (TOF) and the time-projection chamber
(TPC). The article considers the optimization of the algorithms of
particles identification by these systems. Under certain conditions,
the use of the statistical Bayesian approach has made it possible to
achieve an optimal ratio of the efficiency of particle
identification and contamination by incorrectly defined particles.
Recent advances of bone tissue engineering: carbohydrate and ceramic materials, fundamental properties and advanced biofabrication strategies ‒ a comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umar Aslam , Aslam Muhammad Azhar , Abdullah Mohd Faizal Bin , Abdal-Hay Abdalla , Gao Wendong , Xiao Yin , Stojanović Goran M
Published: August 2024

Bone is a dynamic tissue that can always regenerate itself through remodeling to maintain biofunctionality. This tissue performs several vital physiological functions. However, bone scaffolds are required for critical-size damages and fractures, and these can be addressed by bone tissue engineering. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has the potential to develop scaffolds for repairing critical-size damaged bone. BTE is a multidisciplinary engineered scaffold with the desired properties for repairing damaged bone tissue. Herein, we have provided an overview of the common carbohydrate polymers, fundamental structural, physicochemical, and biological properties, and fabrication techniques for bone tissue engineering. We also discussed advanced biofabrication strategies and provided the limitations and prospects by highlighting significant issues in bone tissue engineering. There are several review articles available on bone tissue engineering. However, we have provided a state-of-the-art review article that discussed recent progress and trends within the last 3–5 years by emphasizing challenges and future perspectives.
Bathymetry-constrained ocean geostrophic currents play a key role in shaping the sea ice circulation in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Leng Hengling , He Hailun , Chen Dake , Lin Peigen , Yang Yang , Wang Zhaomin
Published: August 2024

Satellite-based observations and a pan-Arctic coupled sea ice-ocean model are utilized to study the effect of ocean geostrophic currents on large-scale sea ice circulation in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean. We find that surface winds primarily drive sea ice drifts in the west–east direction, while the geostrophic currents in the Beaufort Gyre promote north–south ice drifts. Wind fluctuations can create variable ice drifts, yet geostrophic currents respond more slowly due to their larger vertical scale, serving as a slowly-evolving conveyor belt for maintaining the anticyclonic ice circulation. It is further demonstrated that the bathymetry can regulate the movement of sea ice via constraining the expansion of ocean circulation. This mechanism is indirect in the sense that the ice is far from the seafloor. Our research underscores the necessity of considering the bathymetry-constrained geostrophic currents in understanding Arctic sea ice dynamics. With the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice, the multi-scale interactions between ice drifts and ocean currents may have significant implications for the Arctic ecosystem, climate, and shipping corridors.
On gauge Poisson brackets with prescribed symmetry
Authors: Avendaño-Camacho M , Ruíz-Pantaleón J C , Vorobiev Yu
Published: August 2024

In the context of averaging method, we describe a reconstruction of invariant connection-dependent Poisson structures from canonical actions of compact Lie groups on fibered phase spaces. Some symmetry properties of Wong’s type equations are derived from the main results.
Production of ethanol from oil palm trunk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process at bench scale
Authors: Tjahjono A E , Meidiawati D P , Paramitasari D , Suparman  , Rustiaty B , Musa  , Pramana Y S , Abdurachman  , Triwiyono B
Published: August 2024

A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be a potential raw material for bioethanol production. This study conducted ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch-rich powder extracted from oil palm trunks. Fermentation was conducted on a 100 L bench scale to evaluate the feasibility and further development of the process before the process is implemented at a larger scale. The preparation of the starch-rich flour involves shredding, drying, and screening of the trunks until the starch-rich powder passes through an 80-mesh sieve. Furthermore, starch was liquefied and partially saccharified. Subsequent saccharification was performed simultaneously with fermentation. The initial total sugar content was adjusted to 15 % w/v and starch was enzymatically hydrolyzed using commercial α-amylase (Liquozyme) and glucoamylase (Novozyme) produced by NOVO. Fermentation was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hakken No. 1. Since the starch-rich flour contains useful nutrients and growth factors for microbes, the fermentation medium only required the addition of a nitrogen source (urea 1 g/L). The ethanol content after fermentation was approximately 8.7 % v/v with a fermentation ratio of 88.8 %. These results were obtained at a fermentation time of 60 h. One OPT yields 80 kg of starch-rich powder, equivalent to 33 liters of bioethanol.
Marketing mix analysis of JOSS organic rice based on consumer acceptance
Authors: Kristanti N E , Salisa H D , Mawadati N P
Published: August 2024

The Special Region of Yogyakarta has the potential to develop organic rice, both from organic rice production and the organic rice market. JOSS Organic Rice is a superior organic rice product in the Special Region of Yogyakarta because it is a pilot project in the Kulon Progo Regency Government program. This research aims to analyze consumer preferences and marketing strategies based on the marketing mix for JOSS (Jatisarono Organik Sehat Sejahtera) Organic Rice market in Yogyakarta. Consumer preferences refer to people or groups’ personal likes, desires, and tendencies when they choose between various goods, services, or experiences. Marketing mix consists of four attributes, there are attributes product, price, place and promotion. Marketing mix analysis is carried out using descriptive analysis, using a combination of primary and secondary data analysis methods to identify factors that influence the analysis of each variable in the marketing mix. Primary data was obtained through direct surveys of consumers, while secondary data was obtained from previous research, regional statistical data and company data. The result of research shows that consumer preferences for JOSS organic rice are still dominant in product attributes and affordable price attributes. Based on marketing mix analysis, it shows that organic rice consumers in the DIY region prefer product attributes that have a bright white bright white color with total 36 consumers (76.6%) and rice which has a high level of rice integrity with total 44 consumers (93.6%). Place attributes of rice are easy to get in shops and supermarkets. Affordable price attributes and many price choices according to packaging weight. Organic rice is placed at the introductory stage in the product life cycle. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide important insights for JOSS Organic Rice producers and other organic rice business actors to pay more attention to the current condition of their products so they can implement more effective and sustainable marketing strategies to support growth. organic rice industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Ethanol distillation performance test of porang flour processing residue in SME scale distillator
Authors: Karim M A , Pradityas R A , Pramono E K , Siregar Y H , Hanifah U
Published: August 2024

One of the porang processing steps involves the production of porang flour with glucomannan concentrations that meet market requirements. To increase glucomannan levels, impurities are separated. The common solvent used is ethanol. In the extraction procedure, ethanol is not only used once but reused in another extraction procedure by redistilled to increase the concentration of ethanol. This study’s objective is to determine and analyze the effect of input volume variations (5,7.5 and 10 liters) at heating temperatures (85°C, 90°C, and 95°C) on ethanol product volume and concentration. In the distillation process 5; 7.5 and 10 L, ethanol levels respectively in the range of 58.41-71.87%, 61.81-65.87, and 63.76-65.93%. Based on the analysis, the constant value (k) in the change of ethanol distillation level during the distillation process predicted at 5L volume were 0.0149, 0.0160, and 0.0182, for 7.5L volume were 0.0098, 0.0134, and 0.0153, 0.0071, 0.0083, and 0.0102 minutes−1 at 10 L sample volume for each distillation temperature. The optimal values for a distillation device evaluated on a Small Medium Enterprises (SME) scale by varying the volume and temperature of the substance in the distillation vessel were determined to be 5 liters of volume and 95°C, respectively.
Antibacterial properties of edible coatings from chitosan and young coconut shell liquid smoke
Authors: Faisal M , Fauzi  , Abubakar Y , Desvita H
Published: August 2024

Liquid smoke-based edible coatings have garnered considerable attention in the food processing and post-harvest industry due to their environmentally friendly attributes and their ability to extend the shelf life of perishable goods. This study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of edible coatings formulated using chitosan and young coconut shell liquid smoke against both gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). The liquid smoke was produced via the pyrolysis of young coconut shells at temperatures of 300 (T1), 340 (T2), 380 (T3) and 420ºC (T4). The edible coatings were prepared by blending 2% (v/w) liquid smoke with varying chitosan concentrations of 0.5 % (Ch 0.5), 1% (Ch 1) and 1.5% (Ch 1.5). Antibacterial activity assessments were conducted using the disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The findings reveal that the antibacterial efficacy of the edible coatings against each bacterial strain is influenced by both the pyrolysis temperature and the concentration of chitosan employed. Liquid smoke derived from T4 pyrolysis exhibited the highest inhibitory potential, except for Bacillus subtilis. Notably, the most pronounced antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium was observed with the T4Ch1.5 edible coating. Specifically, at T4Ch1.5, the inhibitory zones for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were measured at 7.65 mm, 8.30 mm, 7.55 mm, and 7.23 mm, respectively. The results underscore the promise of edible coatings comprising a combination of chitosan and young coconut shell liquid smoke as potential candidates for preserving food and agricultural products, offering both protection and antibacterial properties.
The making instant rice from various types of rice with the addition of natural anthocyanin extract
Authors: Sidabutar I S , Ulfah M , Sunardi  , Harsawardana  , Khasanuddin A M
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to determine the effect of the type of rice and the source of anthocyanin extract on the physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of the instant rice produced, to obtain instant rice with high antioxidant activity but which is still preferred by consumers. Anthocyanin extracts from butterfly pea flowers (B1), mangosteen peel (B2) and dragon fruit peel (B3) were made from 10 g of powder which was macerated in 100 ml of boiled distilled water for 15 minutes. Rice from varieties IR-64 (A1), rojolele (A2) and ciherang (A3) that have been sorted, 100 g each, washed clean and drained, then each added with anthocyanin extract B1, B2 and B3 in a ratio of 1 :1 (w/v), then mixed. Each rice to which anthocyanin extract has been added is then cooked using a rice cooker for 15 minutes, then removed and air-dried for 5 minutes, then followed by drying using an oven at 60°C for 24 hours until dry instant rice is obtained. The results of the study showed that the type of rice had an effect on the color preference of instant rice, but had no effect on antioxidant activity, water content, reducing sugar content, rehydration time, aroma preference, texture preference and taste preference. The source of anthocyanin extract affected on the antioxidant activity and color preference of instant rice, but has no effect on the water content, rehydration time, aroma preference, texture preference and taste preference. The instant rice made from IR 64 which added butterfly pea flowers anthocyanin extract is recommended because it contains the highest antioxidants with antioxidant activity of 76.48%, water content of 7.18%, rehydration time of 10.18 minutes, reducing sugar content of 0.37% and an average favorability value of 4.66 (somewhat like).
Modification of physicochemical quality of beef sausage by addition of transglutaminase enzyme and external protein
Authors: Prayitno S S , Sari D , Ton S
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to determine the physicochemical quality of beef sausages modified with transglutaminase enzymes (TGase) and external proteins. The physical properties of sausages include water holding capacity, cooking loss, pH, and tenderness. The chemical properties of sausages are water content, ash content, protein content and fat content. The treatment consisted of a control, namely the addition of STTP 0.3% (w/w), TGase 0.03% (w/w), TGase + skim milk 3.5% (w/w), TGase + SPI 3.5% (w/w), and TGase + WPI 3.5% (w/w). The results showed that the addition of transglutaminase enzyme or a combination with external protein significantly (P<0.05) improved the physical quality of sausages such as increasing water holding capacity and tenderness as well as reducing cooking losses and pH. The chemical quality of sausages also showed significant results (P<0.05), namely reducing water and fat content, and increasing ash and protein content in sausages. Comparison between TGase + SPI and TGase + WPC did not show significantly different results. The conclusion of this research is that the physicochemical properties of beef sausage can be modified using the TGase enzyme, but it would be better if TGase was combined with an external protein.
Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) hydrolysate from Javanese goat (Capra aegagrus hocus) skin: effect of pepsin hydrolysis and antioxidant activity
Authors: Hakim L , Ujilestari T , Rusman  , Nurliyani  , Erwanto Y , Wahyuningsih R
Published: August 2024

Javanese goat (Capra aegagrus hocus) is an animal species which have many populations in Indonesia and it is used because more selective in feed, especially Leguminosae and seeds which of rich in collagen. The study aims to determine the impact of hydrolysis time and antioxidant activities on the extraction of skin Javanese goats using the acid-soluble collagen (ASC) method. The ASC used in this investigation was taken from another study and hydrolyzed with pepsin throughout the course of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of incubation. The success of the hydrolysis process can be shown by the percent degree of hydrolysis. Methods are used to determine the percent degree of hydrolysis of the TCA method. Results showed that hydrolyzing for 60 min yields the highest total soluble collagen of ASC, with a value of 0.77 mg/ml. Finally, the ASC which is hydrolysis use pepsin for 60 min has a degree of hydrolysis, and total soluble collagen is the highest. The protein molecular weight of ASC which is the hydrolysis of 60 min is smaller than before hydrolysis and it has radical scavenging activity of 56.42% ± 1.45. So far, ASC from Javanese goat (Capra aegagrus hocus) has been hydrolyzed in this study has high antioxidant activity and can be recommended as a substitute for functional food.
Bioactive components and bioactivity of essential oils, hydrosol and water steam distillation solvents of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Khasanah L U , Praseptiangga D , Purwanto E , Ariviani S
Published: August 2024

Hydrosol is a by-product of the distillation process which contains water-soluble compounds. Hydrosols are becoming increasingly popular in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is an herbal plant widely used as a flavoring agent in herbal teas, frozen desserts, and meat products. The water extract of lemongrass leaves contains alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids, which have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This research aims to identify the bioactive components and bioactivity of essential oils, hydrosols, and solvents used in the distillation of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus). Fresh lemongrass leaves were water steam distilled for three hours. The antioxidant activity of lemongrass leaf essential oil, hydrosols, and solvents was determined using the DPPH assay. The chemical composition of lemongrass leaf essential oil, hydrosol, and solvent was analyzed using GCMS. The GCMS test results showed that the essential oil, hydrosol, and solvent of lemongrass leaves had different chemical components. There are 17 compounds found in the lemongrass leaf essential oil, with 5 major compounds namely E-citral (44.22%), Z-citral (32.78%), β-myrcene (15.66%), trans-4,5-epoxi-carane (3.51%) and geranyl acetate (0.82%). In the hydrosol, 3 compounds were identified, namely isolongifolene (18.81%), epiglobulol (64.09%), and 4,7-Epoxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (17.10%). One compound, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene, has been identified in the solvent. The antioxidant activity of hydrosols and solvents is the same as the lemongrass leaf essential oil. The findings of this study suggest that distillation waste in the form of hydrosols and distillation solvents for lemongrass leaves has the potential to be functional ingredients that may have applications in both the food and non-food sectors.
Exploring the rich diversity of Hausa potatoes, taro, and yam in East Java
Authors: Anggraeni L , Zubaidi T , Handoko  , Purnama S
Published: August 2024

Food and nutrition are very important and strategic elements in increasing national productivity and improving the population’s quality of life. FAO states that people suffering from malnutrition in Indonesia are caused by food consumption patterns which are dominated by the grain group. The low consumption of the tuber group is due to the availability of this food ingredient, besides being low, access to it is also difficult, especially in the dry season, due to the dormancy of the tubers. Hausa potatoes, taro, and yam are types of tubers that have not been widely developed by the community. Exploration activities carried out in East Java are expected to increase the diversity of local food sources, which have high production potential and functional food properties, and also to look for superior accessions that can be developed as functional food. The evaluation method for several accessions was carried out using observing morphological descriptions and evaluating nutritional composition. Data were analyzed by clustering analysis and comparing the nutrition content of tubers with rice. The exploration results showed several variations in characters in the accessions of Hausa potato, taro, and yam. From the results of this exploration, the accessions were grouped into 2 large groups, based on tuber size and tuber color, where these characteristics are supporting components in the development of functional food. Hausa potato accessions BWI 3, yam accessions Yam_05, Yam_02, and Yam_04, as well as taro accessions MLG 2 and LMJ 2 can be used as functional food candidates to replace rice.
Analyzing the impact of a combination of zinc oxide and phytase on the performance and alkaline phosphate activity in local chickens
Authors: Julendra H , Herdian H , Harahap M A , Istiqomah L , Karimy M F , Kurniawan T , Gunadarma I N , Pratiwi A S
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of adding a combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and phytase to the diet of local chickens (IPB D1) on their performance and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. A total of 120 male and female chickens were divided into four dietary groups, with 24 cages of five birds each. Each group was fed using: a pure basal diet; a basal diet with 80 ppm ZnO/kg feed; a basal diet with 80 ppm ZnO/kg feed and 500 FTU phytase/kg feed; a basal diet with 80 ppm of commercial ZnO/kg feed and 500 FTU/kg feed of commercial phytase. The chickens were grouped by sex and body weight, with three classes of weight uniformity. The results of this research showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in performance and ALP activity between male and female chickens. The group, that received IPB D1 diets with 80 ppm ZnO/kg and 500 FTU phytase/kg, had higher body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other groups. However, feed consumption and ALP activity were not significantly different. Overall, adding zinc oxide and phytase to the diets of local chickens was found to improve their performance and ALP activity.
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation dose and dose rates on the growth and radiosensitivity of soybean varieties Grobogan and Mutiara 1
Authors: Iqbal M , Anisiyah  , Rahmawati E , Dasumiati  , Puspitasari W
Published: August 2024

Enhancing soybean production can be achieved through plant breeding, utilizing gamma ray radiation mutation techniques to develop superior varieties. Understanding radiosensitivity is crucial for comprehending the impact of radiation on plant morphology and physiology. This study aims to investigate the impacts of varying doses and dose rates of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the growth and development of two soybean varieties, Grobogan and Mutiara 1. This study was conducted to understand how varied radiation doses influence growth parameters and to determine the radiosensitivity, LD50 value, in mutants of the Grobogan and Mutiara 1 soybean varieties. The study employed a randomized complete design with two factors. The first factor was radiation dose ranging from 0 to 1000 Gy. The second factor was dose rate, categorized into low dose rate (219.5 Gy/hour) and high dose rate (4470.2 Gy/hour). The results revealed that the LD50 value of Grobogan variety was estimated at 588.56 Gy at a low dose rate and 657.17 Gy at a high dose rate, while the Mutiara 1 variety had an LD50 value estimate of 512.36 Gy at a low dose rate and 514.30 Gy at a high dose rate. The study also found that the gamma ray radiation dose in the seedling phase trial influenced several growth parameters, including germination percentage, seedling height, development of stem nodes, and formation of leaves. Furthermore, field phase trial showed that a range of radiation dose at 100-300 Gy led to an increase in the number of branches in both soybean varieties and plant height in the Grobogan variety. It also resulted in an increase in the production of pods and total weight of seeds in the Mutiara 1 variety. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing radiation doses for increasing genetic diversity in soybean.
The improvement of available phosphorous of reclaimed-mining soils with coal fly ash and empty fruit bunches of oil palm treatments
Authors: Saidy A R , Haris A , Septiana M , Priatmadi B J , Ifansyah H , Mahbub M
Published: August 2024

Reclaimed-mining soil (RMS) were categorized as having an acidic pH, low organic carbon (C), low available phosphorous (P), and high contents of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe); therefore, soil ameliorants were essentially added to this soil for improving soil fertility. The purpose of the research was to measure the impact of combining empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) and coal fly ash (CFA) on the available P of RMS. Three rates of CFA application: 0, 75, and 150 Mg ha−1 and three rates of EFBOP application: 0, 25, and 50 Mg ha−1 were organized using a completely randomized design. A 1000 g of soil was placed to an experimental pot, and then CFA and EFBOP according to the treatment were added to the pot. The mixture of soils, CFA, and EFBOP were homogenized, and then incubated at 70% water holding capacity for 45 days. Available P, total P, Al-P, Fe-P, soil pH, and exchangeable Al were quantifies following the completion of incubation period. The findings of this research indicated that available P rose from 3 mg kg−1 of control (soil without treatment) to 5-41 mg kg−1 of soils with different amounts of CFA and EFBOP addition. The application of CFA and EFBOP also resulted in increases in soil pH from 4.33 in the control to pH 4.48-6.23. Additionally, the levels of Al-P, Fe-P, and exchangeable aluminum decreased with the application of CFA and EFBOP. The findings of this study highlight the potency utilizing industrial and agricultural wastes as soil ameliorants for improving available P to support plant growth on the reclaimed-mining soils.
A comparative analysis of crustacean exoskeletons: structural, microstructural, morphological, and UV absorption studies
Authors: Nowl Mahin Saif , Praveen Lakkimsetti Lakshmi , V Ambili , Singh Sandeep , Abdus Samad Ubair , Seikh Asiful Hossain , Dutta Saikat , Mandal Saumen
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the structural, thermal, and spectral characteristics, along with the ultra-violet (UV) absorption of various marine benthos exoskeletons, such as various species of crabs (Portunus sanguinolentus, Portunus pelagicus, Charybdis feriata) and mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria). Their unique properties and ability to survive in harsh oceanic environments make them interesting research subjects. This research utilized powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the crystal structure of the benthic varieties. The sample surface was analyzed using high-resolution micrographs obtained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which identified the presence of chitin and calcite in the marine benthos. This was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical characteristics were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy. The proximate analysis revealed high protein content in the mantis shrimp exoskeleton compared to other crab species, highlighting its excellent UV absorption characteristics. Overall, this research has the potential to broaden our understanding of marine organisms, which can have potential applications in biotechnology and materials science to develop nature-inspired innovative materials sustainably.