bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole Substituted 4H‐Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sambasiva Rao P. , Malla Reddy G. , Kurumurthy C. , Veeraswamy B. , Santhosh Kumar G. , Shanthan Rao P. , Narsaiah B.
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV) (16 examples) are efficiently obtained by one‐pot multicomponent reaction of various 1‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazolecarbaldehydes (I), malononitrile and 1,3‐cyclohexanedione using potassium carbonate as inexpensive catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Catalyst Free One Pot Access to the Pyrazolone Fused 2,8‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
Authors: Bingi Chiranjeevi , Emmadi Narender Reddy , Chennapuram Madhu , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Atmakur Krishnaiah
Published: February 2015

For the first time, a simple, efficient, and catalyst free protocol to synthesize a series of novel 3‐trifluoromethyl substituted title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access for the Synthesis of 2‐Aryl 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones Using gem‐Dibromomethylarenes as Synthetic Aldehyde Equivalent.
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kereyagalahally H. , Chandrappa Siddappa , Sharath Kumar Kothanahally S. , Harsha Kachigere B. , Ananda Hanumappa , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: February 2015

This is an effective, efficient and the easiest method of conversion of substituted 2‐aminobenzamides into the corresponding dihydroquinazolinones using gem‐dibromomethylarenes under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3‐Cyano‐1‐(2‐pyridyl)isoquinolines by Using Aryne Intermediates.
Authors: Kopchuk D. S. , Nikonov I. L. , Zyryanov G. V. , Kovalev I. S. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: February 2015

A new and convenient method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) via reaction of 5‐cyanotriazines (I) with 1,2‐dehydrobenzene, generated in situ from isoamyl nitrite and anthranylic acid, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Cleavage of Carbon—Carbon Triple Bond to Synthesize 1,2,3‐Triesterindolizines.
Authors: Sun Jinwei , Hu Huayou , Wang Fuyao , Wu Hui , Liu Yun
Published: February 2015

The title compounds are obtained by reaction of pyridines with butynedioates.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of New Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives for Evaluation as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Hu Yang‐Gen , Zheng Ai‐Hua , Li Gao‐Jun , Dong Meng‐Zhu , Ye Fang , Sun Feng , Liu Zheng‐Yun , Li Wen
Published: February 2015

Some of the new compounds (IV) show good cytotoxicity against human breast and lung cancer cell lines, with compound (IVf) possessing the best inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell line (A459).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Aqueous Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐7,9‐dihydrothieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido [2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4,6(3H,5H)‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Yao Changsheng , Lu Ting , Yu Chenxia , Wang Xiangshan , Li Tuanjie
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV) are efficiently obtained by three‐component condensation of aldehydes, 2,4‐dioxotetrahydrothiophene‐3‐carboxylate, and 2,6‐diaminopyrimidine‐4(3H)‐one under environmentally‐friendly and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]quinazoline‐1,6‐dione Derivatives in Ionic Liquid Catalyzed by Iodine.
Authors: Lu Lian , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: February 2015

A variety of 2‐aminobenzamides (I) undergo an iodine‐catalyzed tandem reaction with 6‐chlorohexan‐2‐one (II) under mild and green reaction conditions furnishing the title compounds (III) (12 examples) in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling Involving Double C(sp2)—H Bonds for the Synthesis of Annulated Biaryl Sultams.
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Jethava Krupal P. , Dayal Neetu
Published: February 2015

The optimized conditions allow the preparation of a series of title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of Hexahydroazepino[3,4‐b]indole (VI) and Tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole Derivatives (IV) and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Reddy B.V. Subba , Venkata Ganesh A. , Vani M. , Ramalinga Murthy T. , Kalivendi Shasi V , Yadav J. S.
Published: February 2015

New compounds (IVa), (IVc), (IVe), (VIb), and (IVf) show significant cytotoxic efficacy against different cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Simple Synthesis of N‐Alkyl and N‐Aryl 2‐Benzazepines by Nucleophilic Heteroannulation.
Authors: Srinivasan A. K. , Rajashekar K. , Shyamapada B. , Syam Kumar U. K.
Published: February 2015

12 N‐Alkyl and N‐aryl benzazepines are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Carbocycles and Heterocycles Through Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis, Fischer Indole Cyclization, and Diels—Alder Reaction as Key Steps.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ravikumar Ongolu
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of carbo‐ and heterocyclic polycycles containing a bicyclo[3.3.0]octane subunit is presented using the title reactions as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Access to Elusive α‐Boryl Carbanions and Their Alkylation: An Umpolung Construction for Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Hong Kai , Liu Xun , Morken James P.
Published: February 2015

The method is applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant phenylethylamines such as (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles Bearing 1‐(2‐Phenylselenocyclohexyl) Group.
Authors: Sheng Wusheng , Sheng Shouri , Zeng Jiangbo , Huang Zhenzhong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by an efficient one‐pot synthesis involving in situ generation of 1‐azido‐2‐phenylselenocyclohexane.
ChemInform Abstract: Paenilarvins: Iturin Family Lipopeptides from the Honey Bee Pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.
Authors: Sood Sakshi , Steinmetz Heinrich , Beims Hannes , Mohr Kathrin I. , Stadler Marc , Djukic Marvin , von der Ohe Werner , Steinert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Mueller Rolf
Published: February 2015

Isolation and structure elucidation of three novel iturin‐type lipopeptides, paenilarvins A‐C, are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Phenylpropanoid and an Alkylglycoside from Piper Retrofractum Leaves with Their Antioxidant and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Luyen Bui Thi Thuy , Tai Bui Huu , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Yang Seo Young , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Kwon Young In , Jang Hae Dong , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2015

Two new compounds, piperoside (I) and an alkyl glycoside (II), are isolated together with ten known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Megastigmane Glucoside and Three New Flavonoid Glycosides from Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora
Authors: Yean Min Hye , Kim Ju Sun , Kang Sam Sik , Kim Yeong Shik
Published: February 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of a new megastigmane glucoside, simplicifloranoside (I) and three new flavonol glycosides, prunifolianosides A—C (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Regio and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Keto Functionalized C‐Glycosides via Iron Catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement Reactions.
Authors: Tan Hong Yee , Xiang Shaohua , Leng Wei Lin , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: February 2015

The first example of intermolecular regio‐ and stereoselective C‐glycosylation of glycals with a range of easily prepared β‐keto acids to form structurally diverse ketone functionalized C‐glycosides with moderate to good yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Antihypertensive Natural Products S‐(+)‐XJP and R‐(‐)‐XJP.
Authors: Wang Chaolei , Wei Guoxiang , Yang Xue , Yao Hequan , Jiang Jieyun , Liu Jie , Shen Mingqin , Wu Xiaoming , Xu Jinyi
Published: February 2015

The antihypertensive effects of the two enantiomers of (I) are examined in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Elemental Iron and Iron Oxide Nano/Microcomposite Particles by Thermal Decomposition of Ferrocene
Authors: Amara Daniel , Margel Shlomo
Published: February 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Second Generation Nitrogen Doped Titania Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Electronic and Microstructural Picture
Authors: Spadavecchia Francesca , Ceotto Michele , Presti Leonardo Lo , Aieta Chiara , Biraghi Iolanda , Meroni Daniela , Ardizzone Silvia , Cappelletti Giuseppe
Published: February 2015

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Lithium Carbenoid Chemistry
Authors: Capriati Vito
Published: February 2015

Review: properties of organo‐lithium compounds; 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: February 2015

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,n‐Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer (HAT) Reactions in Which n ≠ 5: An Updated Inventory
Authors: Nechab Malek , Mondal Shovan , Bertrand Michele P.
Published: February 2015

Review: [131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Transition Metals as Catalysts for Cross‐Couplings in Continuous Flow — A Critical Assessment of the Reaction Mechanism and Metal Leaching
Authors: Cantillo David , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: February 2015

Review: [105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Promising Combination for Asymmetric Organocatalysis: Broensted Acid‐Assisted Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Rong , Shi Lei
Published: February 2015

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Re Species and Acid Cocatalyst on Ir‐ReOx/SiO2in the C—O Hydrogenolysis of Biomass‐Derived Substrates
Authors: Tomishige Keiichi , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao
Published: February 2015

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagents for the Synthesis of Alkenes from Carbonyl Compounds: Applications in the Synthesis of Terpenoid Compounds
Authors: Vera William J. , Laya Manuel S. , Poon Po S. , Banerjee Ajoy K. , Cabrera Elvia V.
Published: February 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Modern Instrumentation for Magnetic Measurements at High Pressure and Low Temperature
Authors: Wang X. , Kamenev K. V.
Published: February 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bose‐Einstein Condensation in Quantum Magnets
Authors: Zapf Vivien , Jaime Marcelo , Batista C. D.
Published: February 2015

Review: 322 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Breakthrough in Sustainable Production of Formate Salts: Combined Catalytic Methanol Dehydrogenation and Bicarbonate Hydrogenation
Authors: Joo Ferenc
Published: February 2015

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microfluidic Isolation of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Reinholt Sarah J. , Baeumner Antje J.
Published: February 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Fabrication and Photovoltaic Application of [60]Fullerene Assembly Films Formed by Reaction Between Fullerene and Amines
Authors: Banya Shoto , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Taisuke , Fujita Katsuhiko , Oku Takeo
Published: February 2015

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Methods for the Study of Carbenes and Their Excited States
Authors: Luk Hoi Ling , Vyas Shubham , Hadad Christopher M.
Published: February 2015

Review: 77 refs.
Scharf, schärfer, Capsaicin!
Authors: Drosky Philipp , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Sieler Joachim , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter
Published: February 2015

Capsaicin, die schärfste bekannte Verbindung, ist ein nichtbasisches Alkaloid aus Paprika‐Arten wie Chili. Es steht mit 16 Millionen Einheiten am oberen Ende der Scoville‐Schärfe‐Skala, die in dieser Zeitschrift schon 2010 diskutiert wurde. Nach den botanischen und kulinarischen Aspekten folgt nun die komplexchemisch interessante Vorschrift zur Trennung der beiden Hauptcapsaicinoide Capsaicin und Dihydrocapsaicin mittels Silberionen durch Säulenchromatografie an mit AgNO3 imprägniertem Kieselgel. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben und werden eingehend interpretiert. Theoretische Berechnungen der Struktur werden mit Daten einer eigenen Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse des Capsaicins verglichen. Das Projekt stellt eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009) dar.
Internal organization of medial rectus and inferior rectus muscle neurons in the C group of the oculomotor nucleus in monkey
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Büttner‐Ennever Jean A. , Mustari Michael J. , Horn Anja K.E.
Published: February 2015

Mammalian extraocular muscles contain singly innervated twitch muscle fibers (SIF) and multiply innervated nontwitch muscle fibers (MIF). In monkey, MIF motoneurons lie around the periphery of oculomotor nuclei and have premotor inputs different from those of the motoneurons inside the nuclei. The most prominent MIF motoneuron group is the C group, which innervates the medial rectus (MR) and inferior rectus (IR) muscle. To explore the organization of both cell groups within the C group, we performed small injections of choleratoxin subunit B into the myotendinous junction of MR or IR in monkeys. In three animals the IR and MR myotendinous junction of one eye was injected simultaneously with different tracers (choleratoxin subunit B and wheat germ agglutinin). This revealed that both muscles were supplied by two different, nonoverlapping populations in the C group. The IR neurons lie adjacent to the dorsomedial border of the oculomotor nucleus, whereas MR neurons are located farther medially. A striking feature was the differing pattern of dendrite distribution of both cell groups. Whereas the dendrites of IR neurons spread into the supraoculomotor area bilaterally, those of the MR neurons were restricted to the ipsilateral side and sent a focused bundle dorsally to the preganglionic neurons of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, which are involved in the “near response.” In conclusion, MR and IR are innervated by independent neuron populations from the C group. Their dendritic branching pattern within the supraoculomotor area indicates a participation in the near response providing vergence but also reflects their differing functional roles. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1809–1823, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Nitride in Energy Conversion and Storage: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Gong Yutong , Li Mingming , Wang Yong
Published: February 2015

With the explosive growth of energy consumption, the exploration of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices becomes increasingly important. Fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries are among the most promising options. The innovation of these devices mainly resides in the development of high‐performance electrode materials and catalysts. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), due to structural and chemical properties such as semiconductor optical properties, rich nitrogen content, and tunable porous structure, has drawn considerable attention and shown great potential as an electrode material or catalyst in energy conversion and storage devices. This review covers recent progress in g‐C3N4‐containing systems for fuel cells, electrocatalytic water splitting devices, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries. The corresponding catalytic mechanisms and future research directions in these areas are also discussed.
Prerequisites for the analysis and sorting of extracellular vesicle subpopulations by high‐resolution flow cytometry
Authors: Kormelink Tom Groot , Arkesteijn Ger J. A. , Nauwelaers Frans A. , van den Engh Ger , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N. M. , Wauben Marca H. M.
Published: February 2015

Submicron‐sized vesicles released by cells are increasingly recognized for their role in intercellular communication and as biomarkers of disease. Methods for high‐throughput, multi‐parameter analysis of such extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial to further investigate their diversity and function. We recently developed a high‐resolution flow cytometry‐based method (using a modified BD Influx) for quantitative and qualitative analysis of EVs. The fact that the majority of EVs is <200 nm in size requires special attention with relation to specific conditions of the flow cytometer, as well as sample concentration and event rate. In this study, we investigated how (too) high particle concentrations affect high‐resolution flow cytometry‐based particle quantification and characterization. Increasing concentrations of submicron‐sized particles (beads, liposomes, and EVs) were measured to identify coincidence and swarm effects, caused by the concurrent presence of multiple particles in the measuring spot. As a result, we demonstrate that analysis of highly concentrated samples resulted in an underestimation of the number of particles and an interdependent overestimation of light scattering and fluorescence signals. On the basis of this knowledge, and by varying nozzle size and sheath pressure, we developed a strategy for high‐resolution flow cytometric sorting of submicron‐sized particles. Using the adapted sort settings, subsets of EVs differentially labeled with two fluorescent antibodies could be sorted to high purity. Moreover, sufficient numbers of EVs could be sorted for subsequent analysis by western blotting. In conclusion, swarm effects that occur when measuring high particle concentrations severely hamper EV quantification and characterization. These effects can be easily overlooked without including proper controls (e.g., sample dilution series) or tools (e.g., oscilloscope). Providing that the event rate is well controlled, the sorting strategy we propose here indicates that high‐resolution flow cytometric sorting of different EV subsets is feasible. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A scale‐independent way for differential estimation in dynamic radio frequency identification systems
Authors: Yang Chenkai , Huang Liusheng , Xu Hongli , Leng Bing
Published: February 2015

Cardinality estimation in radio frequency identification systems has been applied to estimate the population of tags in many applications. However, it is more meaningful to estimate the number of tags moved in and out in a dynamic radio frequency identification system, which is called differential estimation problem. Zero differential estimator is a newly proposed algorithm to solve this problem. However, the time slots consumed by zero differential estimator are relevant to the system scale under the accuracy constraint. This will result in low time efficiency when the system scale is very large. In this paper, we thus propose a scale‐independent algorithm for differential estimation called zero‐one differential estimator. The numbers of tags moved in and out are estimated from the idle slots in two consecutive frames. We can prove that the time slots consumed in our proposed algorithm are not relevant to the system scale under the accuracy constraint. Moreover, we conduct abundant simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the estimation error grows little as the system scale grows. It indicates that our proposed algorithm is indeed scale‐independent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Make universal design a campuswide priority
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: February 2015

Forging successful partnerships with faculty, teaching services and diversity offices on campus is essential to creating a universally designed educational experience for the students your unit serves. That was the challenge Frederic Fovet faced when he was hired by McGill University several years ago.
Examine your own perceptions to broaden accessibility
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: February 2015

Elizabeth G. Harrison is the director of the University of Dayton's Office of Learning Resources and associate director of the Ryan C. Harris Learning Teaching Center. She has presented extensively on the topics of working with faculty to promote universal design and expanding accessibility for students with disabilities.
Synthesis and Structural Study of Tetravalent (Zr4+, Hf4+, Ce4+, Th4+, U4+) Metal Complexes with Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Jewula Pawel , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Rousselin Yoann , Thuéry Pierre , Meyer Michel
Published: February 2015

Six‐ and seven‐membered cyclic hydroxamic acids, such as 1‐hydroxypiperidine‐2‐one (1H, 1,2‐PIPOH) and 1‐hydroxyazepan‐2‐one (2H), have recently been identified in some mixed siderophores as one of their three chelating subunits. Compared to their ubiquitous noncyclic counterparts, cyclic hydroxamates are preorganized for metal binding. Surprisingly, the coordination chemistry of these bidentate, monoanionic ligands remains virtually unknown, even in the case of iron(III). We report herein the first structural study of the complexes of 1– and of 6–, an unsaturated seven‐membered ring analog of 2–, with tetravalent cations of transition metals (zirconium and hafnium), lanthanide (cerium), and actinides (thorium and uranium). Structural characterization by means of X‐ray crystallography of the corresponding ML4 complexes evidenced distorted square antiprismatic coordination geometries with the exception of U4+, which favors a dodecahedral arrangement.
Mononuclear Iron(III) Complexes as Functional Models of Catechol Oxidases and Catalases
Authors: Badetti Elena , Gjoka Blerina , Nagy Eszter Márta , Bernardinelli Gérald , Kündig Peter E. , Zonta Cristiano , Licini Giulia
Published: February 2015

Mononuclear amino triphenolate iron(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized (UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, ESI‐MS, 1H NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction). These complexes act as biomimetic catalysts promoting the aerobic auto‐oxidation of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol to the corresponding o‐benzoquinone at room temperature and displaying catalase activity for the hydrogen peroxide dismutation with remarkable activity (TON up to 4000).
Conformationally Constrained Penta(hetero)cyclic Molecular Architectures by Photoassisted Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Umstead Weston J. , Mukhina Olga A. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: February 2015

Intramolecular cycloadditions of photogenerated azaxylylenes provide access to unprecedented polyheterocyclic scaffolds, which are suitable for subsequent postphotochemical modifications to further grow molecular complexity. Here, we explore approaches to the rapid “assembly” of new photoprecursors with nitrogen‐ or oxygen‐rich tethers capable of producing potential pharmacophores and also compatible with subsequent 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions to furnish pentacyclic heterocycles with new structural cores, a minimal number of rotatable bonds, and a high content of sp3‐hybridized carbon atoms. The modular assembly of the photoprecursors and the potential variety of postphotochemical modifications of the primary photoproducts provide a framework for the combinatorial implementation of this synthetic strategy.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation by Decarboxylative Coupling: Synthesis of Alkynyl Amides
Authors: Hwang Jinil , Choi Jinseop , Park Kyungho , Kim Wonyoung , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: February 2015

Alkynyl amides were synthesized from a palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of alkynyl carboxylic acids and amines under carbon monoxide. The reaction was conducted with palladium(II) acetate (5 mol‐%) and silver(I) oxide (1.0 equiv.) in acetonitrile at 80 °C for 1 h. This method provides good to moderate product yields and good functional group tolerance towards ketone, ester, and nitrile groups.
Cross‐Claisen Condensation of N‐Fmoc‐Amino Acids – A Short Route to Heterocyclic γ‐Amino Acids
Authors: Mathieu Loïc , Bonnel Clément , Masurier Nicolas , Maillard Ludovic T. , Martinez Jean , Lisowski Vincent
Published: February 2015

4‐Amino(methyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acids (ATCs) are a new class of constrained heterocyclic γ‐amino acids built around a thiazole ring; these compounds are valuable as design mimics of the secondary structures of proteins such as helices, β‐sheets, turns, and β‐hairpins. We report herein a short and versatile chemical route to orthogonally protected ATCs. The synthesis is centered on cross‐Claisen condensations between N‐Fmoc‐amino acids and sterically hindered 1,1‐dimethylallyl acetate. The optimized conditions are compatible with aliphatic, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids. The resulting N‐Fmoc‐β‐keto ester intermediates were engaged in a two‐step process to give ATCs in 45–90 % yields. The synthetic protocol provides a highly flexible method for the introduction of a wide variety of lateral chains either on the γ‐carbon atom or on the thiazole core of the γ‐amino acids.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of Propargylamines with N,O‐Acetals: Entry to the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Sakai Norio , Hori Hiroaki , Ogiwara Yohei
Published: February 2015

Described herein is the CuCl2‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of a variety of propargylamines with N,O‐acetals that function as a C1 unit, leading to the production of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives. Three important features of the N,O‐acetal during the [4+1] annulation series via 5‐endo‐dig cyclization are described: an enolizable substituent adjacent to the central sp3‐carbon is required, the central sp3‐carbon displays the functions of both an electrophile and a nucleophile, and liberation of the secondary amine smoothly leads to the aromatization.
Assessment of performance indices of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedepo Sunday Olayinka , Fagbenle Richard Olayiwola , Adefila Samuel Sunday
Published: February 2015

In this study, performance assessment of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria was evaluated using performance indices. The results of the study showed that for the period under review (2006–2010), the percentage shortfalls from the target energy in the selected power plants range from 26.33% to 86.61% as against the acceptable value of 5–10%. The capacity factor of the selected power plants varies from 16.88% to 73.67% as against the international value of 50–80%. The plant use factor varies from 45.89% to 97.03% and the utilization factor varies from 6.31% to 93.074% as against the international best practice of over 95%. From this result, it can be concluded that the generating units were underutilized. This is due to inadequate routine maintenance and equipment fault development. The analyses of reliability indicators revealed that the mean time between failures varies from 5.42 to 378.44 h, the mean time to repair varies from 18.3 to 153.88 h and the plant availability varies from 12.86% to 91.31% as against the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers recommended standard of 99.9%. Evaluation of operating figures of the selected power plants revealed that starting reliability (SR) and operating reliability vary from 71.95% to 93.9% and 5.33% to 55%, respectively. The SR of the selected power plants is low in value compared with standard value of 99.9%. The statistical analysis carried out on plant availability revealed that at 95% confidence level; there is a significant difference in availability of the selected power plants. This indicates differences in their systems installation, operation and maintenance. The performance indicator developed to evaluate the performance indices for the selected stations can also be applicable to other power stations in Nigeria and elsewhere. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plants have been suggested in this paper.
Measuring the imprint of orographic rainfall gradients on the morphology of steady‐state numerical fluvial landscapes
Authors: Han Jianwei , Gasparini Nicole M. , Johnson Joel P. L.
Published: February 2015

We explore the imprint of spatial rainfall patterns on steady‐state landscapes with uniform rock uplift rate. A two‐dimensional (2D) orographic precipitation module is incorporated into the CHILD numerical landscape evolution model to provide a quantitative tool for exploring the co‐evolution of rainfall patterns and fluvial topography. Our results suggest that network organization and planform morphology are strongly impacted by rainfall patterns. Rainfall gradients that are perpendicular to a mountain range front produce narrower watersheds because channels show a tendency to flow along the rainfall gradient, rather than across it. The change in watershed shape is evidenced by smaller values of the exponent on distance in Hack's law and a less peaked width function. Narrower watersheds also lead to an increase in the valley spacing ratio and constrain trunk channels to follow a more direct path to the mountain front. Rainfall gradients also influence the distribution of topography across a watershed. Channel profiles record rainfall patterns in both the channel concavity and the channel steepness index (ksn). Across short tributaries along which rainfall rate changes little, ksn decreases systematically with tributary‐averaged rainfall rate. The hypsometric integral (HI), which increases with the amount of topography that is at relatively high elevations within a watershed, is negatively correlated with the profile concavity of the trunk channel. High rainfall rates at the ridge top lead to mainstem channels that have relatively low concavity, and watersheds with relatively higher HI in comparison with landscapes that have uniform rainfall. Finally, we contrast the impacts of rainfall patterns on landscape morphology with those resulting from a linear rock uplift gradient and uniform rainfall. Uplift patterns may have a similar impact on landscape morphology as rainfall gradients, making it challenging to decipher the relative roles of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution without a quantitative assessment of morphologic parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novelties in Catasetum (Orchidaceae) in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Petini‐Benelli Adarilda
Published: February 2015

The State of Rondônia is rich in species of Catasetum that are still undervalued, which presents a major challenge in the preparation of a map that shows the distribution and all occurrences of the species of the genus. As a result of our studies, four new records are presented for the State of Rondônia and a new natural hybrid is described and illustrated. Samples of all species were collected for DNA extraction (aliquots kept in the Total DNA Bank of Plants UFPR – UPCB‐DNA) and vouchers deposited at the herbaria UFMT and the RB. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chronostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Evidence for Marsh Habitats during the Early Pueblo I (A.D. 700–900) Occupation of Ridges Basin, Southwest Colorado, USA
Authors: Anderson Kirk C. , Potter James M.
Published: February 2015

Ridges Basin was home to one of the largest early village communities in the American Southwest. The short‐lived occupation grew rapidly around A.D. 750, construction peaked in the A.D. 780s, but Ridges Basin was depopulated by A.D. 810. Chronostratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, and archaeological investigations indicate that abundant food resources related to intermittent marsh habitats attracted migrants into the basin and aided the growing population. Extreme droughts between A.D. 795 and 809 led to decreased crop yields and marsh desiccation. We attribute the abrupt depopulation of Ridges Basin to declining environmental conditions and societal stresses. We describe the impact of marsh formation on the inhabitants, and explore the wider implications of marshes and reservoirs on the Puebloan landscape. We suggest that early Puebloans positioned their settlements in proximity to natural marshes to take advantage of the abundant plant and animal resources, which later Puebloans achieved through the construction of reservoirs.
Greater self‐enhancement in Western than Eastern Ukraine, but failure to replicate the Muhammad Ali effect
Authors: Kemmelmeier Markus , Malanchuk Oksana
Published: February 2015

Based on the cross‐cultural research linking individualism–collectivism and self‐enhancement, this research examines regional pattern of self‐enhancement in Ukraine. Broadly speaking, the western part of Ukraine is mainly Ukrainian speaking and historically oriented towards Europe, whereas Eastern Ukraine is mainly Russian speaking and historically oriented towards the Russian cultural sphere. We found self‐enhancement on a “better than average” task to be higher in a Western Ukrainian sample compared to an Eastern Ukrainian sample, with differences in independent self‐construals supporting assumed regional variation in individualism. However, the Muhammad Ali effect, the finding that self‐enhancement is greater in the domain of morality than intelligence, was not replicated. The discussion focuses on the specific sources of this regional difference in self‐enhancement, and reasons for why the Muhammad Ali effect was not found.
Using tagteach to improve the proficiency of dance movements
Authors: Quinn Mallory J. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Fogel Victoria A.
Published: February 2015

Behavioral research to enhance sports performance has been conducted in numerous sports domains and often involves feedback from the coach to the student. One promising form of feedback is the use of an acoustical stimulus such as a clicker to provide more immediate feedback. Similar to clicker training with animals, acoustical stimuli are used with humans to reinforce desired behavior in a procedure called TAGteach, which involves using a clicker as a conditioned reinforcer in training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TAGteach, implemented by dance teachers, to increase the fluency of 3 dance movements in a multiple baseline design across behaviors with 4 students of dance. Target behaviors included a turn, kick, and leap. The targeted dance movements remained at relatively low levels of performance during baseline and improved for each participant after the introduction of the TAGteach intervention. Implications for future research are discussed.
Hydrogen–hydrogen bonding: The current density perspective
Authors: Della Porta Paolo , Zanasi Riccardo , Monaco Guglielmo
Published: February 2015

Current density plots of closed‐shell intermolecular HH interactions characterized by a bond critical point (BCP) show two vortices separated by a saddle, a pattern which allows for a clear definition of a pair current strength. This HH current strength turns out to be roughly related to the potential energy density at the BCP and then to the dissociation energy. The same pattern is also recognizable, at least for an azimuthal orientation of a field perpendicular to the HH line, for the intramolecular interactions previously investigated to propose the HH bonding. In the case of the H atoms of the bay region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the current of the HH delocalized diatropic vortex gives a quantitative indication of stabilization; however, on rotation of the field and the subsequent onset of a bay‐delocalized paratropic vortex (a typical signature of antiaromaticity), the diatropic vortex can be reshaped or it can even disappear, consistently with its smallness, and thus showing the effect of other more relevant interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Face for Chromatin‐Related Mesenchymal Modulator: n‐CHD9 Localizes to Nucleoli and Interacts With Ribosomal Genes
Authors: Salomon‐Kent Ronit , Marom Ronit , John Sam , Dundr Miroslav , Schiltz Louis R. , Gutierrez Jose , Workman Jerry , Benayahu Dafna , Hager Gordon L.
Published: February 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells' differentiation into several lineages is coordinated by a complex of transcription factors and co‐regulators which bind to specific gene promoters. The Chromatin‐Related Mesenchymal Modulator, CHD9 demonstrated in vitro its ability for remodeling activity to reposition nucleosomes in an ATP‐dependent manner. Epigenetically, CHD9 binds with modified H3‐(K9me2/3 and K27me3). Previously, we presented a role for CHD9 with RNA Polymerase II (Pol II)‐dependent transcription of tissue specific genes. Far less is known about CHD9 function in RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) related transcription of the ribosomal locus that also drives specific cell fate. We here describe a new form, the nucleolar CHD9 (n‐CHD9) that is dynamically associated with Pol I, fibrillarin, and upstream binding factor (UBF) in the nucleoli, as shown by imaging and molecular approaches. Inhibitors of transcription disorganized the nucleolar compartment of transcription sites where rDNA is actively transcribed. Collectively, these findings link n‐CHD9 with RNA pol I transcription in fibrillar centers. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and tilling arrays (ChIP– chip), we find an association of n‐CHD9 with Pol I related to rRNA biogenesis. Our new findings support the role for CHD9 in chromatin regulation and association with rDNA genes, in addition to its already known function in transcription control of tissue specific genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2270–2280, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The up‐to‐date review of epidemiological pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Japan
Authors: Ito Tetsuhide , Lee Lingaku , Hijioka Masayuki , Kawabe Ken , Kato Masaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Ueda Keijiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Igarashi Hisato
Published: February 2015

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) were considered an extremely rare disease. However, in recent years, the number of patients with PNET has increased rapidly. According to an epidemiological survey conducted in Japan, the number of treated patients with PNETs in 2010 was approximately 1.2‐times that in 2005, and the number of new incidences of non‐functional PNETs in 2010 was approximately 1.7‐times that in 2005. Among functional PNETs, insulinoma was most prevalent, followed by gastrinoma. To diagnose PNETs, correct histological diagnosis is most important. According to the World Health Organization 2010 classification criteria, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are categorized into well‐differentiated NETs and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). NECs accounted for 7.6% of all NETs, and functional and non‐functional PNETs accounted for 2.1% and 10.1%, respectively. Patients with distant metastasis accounted for 19.9%, and those with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 accounted for 4.3%. When treating PNETs, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the functionality and progression of tumors, the presence or absence of metastasis, and the degrees of differentiation and malignant potential of tumors. A new registration system from the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society will start to be used in 2015, which will help further dissemination of Japanese epidemiological information to the world.
Synthesis of N‐Alkylated Indolines and Indoles from Indoline and Aliphatic Ketones
Authors: Bayindir Sinan , Erdogan Esra , Kilic Haydar , Aydin Omer , Saracoglu Nurullah
Published: February 2015

A survey of redox aminations of indoline with aliphatic ketones using bismuth nitrate as catalyst is described. A reaction of an equivalent amount of indoline and aliphatic cyclic and acyclic ketones provides a mixture of excessive alkylated indole derivatives over typically redox isomerization and reductive alkylation pathways while using of the five equivalent of indoline provides N‐alkylated indolines as a reductive alkylation product. The desired N‐alkyl indoles from the oxidation of N‐alkyl indolines were obtained in excellent yields.
A highly sensitive and reversible chemosensor for Hg2+ detection based on porphyrin‐thymine conjugates
Authors: He Xiangzhu , Yang Duanguang , Chen Hongbiao , Zheng Wei , Li Huaming
Published: February 2015

In this study, we demonstrated a highly sensitive, selective, and reversible chemosensor for Hg2+ determination. This chemosensor was synthesized by direct condensation of thymin‐1‐ylacetic acid with zinc tetraaminoporphyrin, which has a porphyrin core as the fluorophore and four thymine (T) moieties as the specific interaction sites for Hg2+. The probe (4T‐ZnP) exhibited split Soret bands with a small peak at 408 nm and a strong band at 429 nm in a dimethylformamide/H2O (7/3, v/v) mixed solvent as well as a strong emission band at 614 nm. Upon the addition of Hg2+, the probe displayed strong fluorescence quenching due to the formation of T‐Hg2+‐T complexes. With the aid of the fluorescence spectrometer, the chemosensor in the dimethylformamide/H2O (7/3, v/v) mixed solvent (0.3 μM) exhibited a detection limit of 6.7 nM. Interferences from other common cations, such as Co2+, K+, Sn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, associated with Hg2+ analysis were effectively inhibited. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iniferter‐mediated grafting of molecularly imprinted polymers on porous silica beads for the enantiomeric resolution of drugs
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Climente Raquel , Gómez‐Caballero Alberto , Halhalli Mahadeo , Sellergren Börje , Goicolea M. Aránzazu , Barrio Ramón J.
Published: February 2015

A surface‐imprinted chiral stationary phase for the enantiomeric resolution of the antidepressant drug, citalopram, is presented in this work. N, N′‐diethylaminodithiocarbamoylpropyl(trimethoxy)silane has been used as silane iniferter for the surface functionalization of the solid silica support. A molecularly imprinted polymer thin film, in the nm scale, was then grafted on the silanized silica using itaconic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross‐linker in the presence of the template S‐citalopram. The total monomer amount was calculated to obtain the desired thickness. Non‐imprinted stationary phases were prepared similarly in the absence of S‐citalopram. Characterization of the materials was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Stationary phases have been applied to the chromatographic separation of the target. Conditions for best chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers were optimized, and it was found that a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of formate buffer (40 mM, pH 3) and acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) at 40 °C provided best results. Binding behaviour of the developed material was finally assessed by batch rebinding experiments. The obtained binding isotherm was fitted to different binding models being the Freundlich–Langmuir model, the one that best fitted the experimental data. The developed material has shown high selectivity for the target enantiomer, and the stationary phase could be undoubtedly exploited for chiral separation of the drug. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are older workers more active copers? Longitudinal effects of age‐contingent coping on strain at work
Authors: Hertel Guido , Rauschenbach Cornelia , Thielgen Markus M. , Krumm Stefan
Published: February 2015

This study addresses coping processes as explanation of age‐related differences in strain experience. Based on the life‐span theory of control, we posit that older workers employ more active problem‐focused and more active emotion‐focused coping strategies than younger workers, which should mediate age effects on strain at work. The correlation between age and passive avoidance coping, in contrast, is expected to be qualified by external resources such as job control. Hypotheses were tested in a two‐wave panel study (8 months lag) with 634 workers (age range 16–65 years). Job demands were considered as control variables. As predicted, older as compared with younger workers reported more active problem‐focused coping, which mediated age differences on strain in the longitudinal analysis. No mediation was found for active emotion‐focused coping. Moreover, age‐contingent effects of passive avoidance coping were moderated by job control. When job control was low, younger as compared with older workers reported more avoidance coping, which in turn decreased strain in the longitudinal analysis. Finally, reverse longitudinal effects of age‐contingent strain on active problem‐focused and active emotion‐focused coping provide initial evidence for age‐contingent resource spirals. Together, the results reveal specific strengths of older workers for stress management at work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projections of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin by using downscaled global climate model outputs
Authors: Ozturk Tugba , Ceber Zeynep Pelin , Türkeş Murat , Kurnaz M. Levent
Published: February 2015

The Mediterranean Basin is one of the regions that shall be affected most by the impacts of the future climate changes on hydrology and water resources. In this study, projected future changes in mean air temperature and precipitation climatology and inter‐annual variability over the Mediterranean region were studied. For performing this aim, the future changes in annual and seasonal averages for the future period of 2070–2100 with respect to the period from 1970 to 2000 were investigated. Global climate model outputs of the World Climate Research Program's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 multi‐model dataset were used in this work. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SRES A2, A1B and B1 emission scenarios' outputs were used in future climate model projections. Future surface mean air temperatures of the larger Mediterranean basin increase mostly in summer and least in winter, and precipitation amounts decrease in all seasons at almost all parts of the basin. Future climate signals for air temperature and total precipitation values are much larger than the inter‐model standard deviation. Inter‐annual temperature variability increases evidently in summer season and decreases in the northern part of the domain in the winter season, while precipitation variability increases in almost all parts of domain. Probability distribution functions are found to be shifted and flattened for future period compared to the reference period. This indicates that the occurrence of frequency and intensity of high temperatures and heavy precipitation events will likely increase in the future period.
Optical design and roll‐to‐roll fabrication process of microstructure film for wide viewing LCDs
Authors: Katsuta Shohei , Yamamoto Emi , Asaoka Yasushi , Kanno Toru , Yui Hideomi , Kamada Tsuyoshi , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Yusuke , Kondo Katsumi
Published: February 2015

We have developed a new microstructure film for wide viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs). By attaching it to the surface of a conventional LCD, the viewing angle characteristics of LCD has drastically improved without causing a blur of the frontal image and a decrease in the contrast ratio under bright ambient light conditions. This film can be applied to various LC modes including twisted nematic and multidomain vertical alignment by changing its internal micrometer‐size 3D structure. Further, this film can be mass‐produced efficiently by self alignment roll‐to‐roll process.
On ‐complete equivalence relations on the generalized Baire space
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kulikov Vadim
Published: February 2015

Working with uncountable structures of fixed cardinality, we investigate the complexity of certain equivalence relations and show that if , then many of them are ‐complete, in particular the isomorphism relation of dense linear orders. Then we show that it is undecidable in whether or not the isomorphism relation of a certain well behaved theory (stable, NDOP, NOTOP) is ‐complete (it is, if , but can be forced not to be).
Inventory competition with yield reliability improvement
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yee , Lu Tao
Published: February 2015

This article studies the inventory competition under yield uncertainty. Two firms with random yield compete for substitutable demand: If one firm suffers a stockout, which can be caused by yield failure, its unsatisfied customers may switch to its competitor. We first study the case in which two competing firms decide order quantities based on the exogenous reliability levels. The results from the traditional inventory competition are generalized to the case with yield uncertainty and we find that quantity and reliability can be complementary instruments in the competition. Furthermore, we allow the firms to endogenously improve their yield reliability before competing in quantity. We show that the reliability game is submodular under some assumptions. The results indicate that the competition in quantity can discourage the reliability improvement. With an extensive numerical study, we also demonstrate the robustness of our analytical results in more general settings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 107–126, 2015