bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias utilizadas para el cambio en la percepción de estudiantes universitarios hacia personas con discapacidad
Authors: González-Alonso María Yolanda
Published: November 2020

This research aims to investigate the perception of university students about people with disabilities. Fifty-six first-year students of the occupational therapy degree participated in the study, during the 2017-2018 academic year. The effect caused by the use of different strategies with the aim of achieving a positive perception of persons with disabilities is collected, after several information, training, contact and reflection sessions. The results suggest that first-year students appreciate having contact with people with whom they will be able to apply their knowledge as professionals. They are surprised by the autonomy, optimism, perseverance and participation of people with disabilities. It has served them mainly to understand the profession, to value the therapeutic relationship and to see support products. The most chosen weakness to change, after carrying out the designed activities is patience. Disability is still a distant and unknown world for first year students, however, it is crucial to achieve a positive perception through strategies throughout the career, since in the near future they will work with these people from the occupation in contributing to their health, welfare and participation in life.
Metodología de docencia inversa online: herramientas utilizadas y aplicación a la asignatura de redes eléctricas inteligentes durante el aislamiento debido al estado de alarma producido por COVID-19
Authors: Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Bastida-Molina Paula , Alcazar-Ortega Manuel , Montuori Lina
Published: November 2020

En este paper se aplica la metodología de docencia inversa utilizada en la UPV, a la asignatura de Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes. Tiene especial interés dicha metodología debido a la pandemia producida por COVID-19 y el cambio de actividad académica de presencial a no presencial en la UPV. De acuerdo con el procedimiento, se realiza la presentación de la asignatura, se explica la metodología y se presenta el plan de trabajo al estudiante. Se han utilizado herramientas tanto síncronas como asíncronas. Las herramientas síncronas utilizadas son MS Teams y Skype y entre las asíncronas se encuentran MS PowerPoint, PoliformaT, OBS studio MSRecorder. Para difundir los videos se ha utilizado Media UPV. Para que la enseñanza sea más interactiva y con un entorno más agradable se ha utilizado Lessons, (herramienta integrada en PoliformaT). Como resultados destaca la comparación de los resultados de la evaluación de las clase presenciales y online. Las notas medias obtenidas son similares. Se ha utilizado un método de evaluación muy similar al de las clases tradicionales. Destaca además el elevado esfuerzo de montar la asignatura el primer año, pero facilita la tarea de aprendizaje al alumno y se puede amortizar el trabajo durante los siguientes años.
Uso de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en proyectos para la adquisición de competencias transversales con niveles de dominio alto en asignaturas relacionadas con la Bioelectricidad
Authors: Trenor Beatriz , Prats Gema
Published: November 2020

The the need for greater participation and motivation of university students in the teaching-learning process has led to the concept of project-based learning. By using this methodology, the student works individually and in groups independently, but under the guidance of the teacher. Furthermore, this methodology allows the acquisition of transversal skills with a high level of mastery in subjects of the last year of undergraduate and master degrees. The objective of this work is the design and application of the project-based learning methodology in the subjects of Bioelectronics and Modeling and simulation of bioelectric systems that is capable of integrating the transversal competences "Design and project" (CT05), "Effective communication ”(CT08),“Understanding and integration ”(CT01),“ Analysis and problem solving ”(CT03),“Innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship ”(CT04) and“ Critical thinking ”(CT09), with high levels of mastery. This methodology has been applied throughout the 2019-2020 academic year in these subjects belonging to the Degree in Industrial Electronic and Automatic Engineering and the Master of Biomedical Engineering, respectively, from the Universitat Politècnica de València. The assessment of the students has been very positive and the acquisition of transversal skills has been very satisfactory.
3D simulations of tropospheric ozone depletion events using
WRF-Chem
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Sihler Holger , Wagner Thomas , Platt Ulrich , Gutheil Eva
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Tropospheric bromine release and ozone depletion events (ODEs) as they commonly occur in the Arctic spring are studied using the regional software WRF-Chem. For this purpose, the MOZART-MOSAIC chemical reaction mechanism is extended by bromine and chlorine reactions as well as an emission mechanism for reactive bromine via heterogeneous reactions on ice and snow surfaces. The simulation domain covers an area of 5,040 km x 4,960 km, centered north of Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, and the time interval from February through May, 2009. Several simulations for different strengths of the bromine emission are conducted and evaluated by comparison with in-situ and ozone-sonde measurements of ozone mixing ratios as well as by comparison with tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (VCDs) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment–2 (GOME-2) satellite instrument. The base bromine emission scheme includes the direct emission of bromine due to bromide oxidation by ozone through the reactive surface ratio β of the ice/snow surface relative to a flat surface. 10 Results of simulations with β = 1.0 agree well with the observations, however, a value of 1.5 performs somewhat better. The bromine emission due to bromide oxidation by ozone is found to be important to provide an initial seed for the bromine explosion. Consideration of halogen chemistry substantially improves the prediction of the ozone mixing ratio with respect to the observations. Meteorological nudging is found to be essential for a good prediction of ODEs over the three months period.
Retrieval of atmospheric CO2 vertical profiles from ground-based
near-infrared spectra
Authors: Roche Sébastien , Strong Kimberly , Wunch Debra , Mendonca Joseph , Sweeney Colm , Baier Bianca , Biraud Sébastien C. , Laughner Joshua L. , Toon Geoffrey C. , Connor Brian J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We evaluate vertical profile retrievals of CO2 from 0.02 cm−1 resolution ground-based near-infrared solar absorption spectra with the GFIT2 algorithm, using improved spectroscopic linelists and line shapes. With these improvements, CO2 profiles were obtained from sequential retrievals in five spectral windows with different vertical sensitivities. A sensitivity study using synthetic spectra shows that the leading source of uncertainty in the retrieved CO2 profiles is the error in the a priori temperature profile, even with 3-hourly reanalysis a priori profiles. A 2 °C error in the temperature profile in the lower troposphere between 0.6 and 0.85 atm causes deviations in the retrieved CO2 profiles that are larger than the typical vertical variations of CO2. To distinguish the effect of errors in the a priori meteorology and trace gas concentration profiles from those in the instrument alignment and spectroscopic parameters, we retrieve CO2 profiles from atmospheric spectra while using an a priori built from coincident AirCore, radiosonde, and surface in situ measurements at the Lamont, Oklahoma (USA) Total Carbon Column Observing Network station. In those cases, the deviations in retrieved CO2 profiles are also larger than typical vertical variations of CO2, suggesting that remaining errors in the forward model limit the accuracy of the retrieved profiles. Implementing a temperature retrieval or correction, and quantifying and modeling an imperfect instrument alignment, are critical to improve CO2 profile retrievals. Without significant advances in modeling imperfect instrument alignment, and improvements in the accuracy of the temperature profile, the CO2 profile retrieval with GFIT2 presents no clear advantage over scaling retrievals for the purpose of ascertaining the total column.
Reduced global warming from CMIP6 projections when weighting models by performance and independence
Authors: Brunner Lukas , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Lehner Flavio , Merrifield Anna L. , Lorenz Ruth , Knutti Reto
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) constitutes the latest update on expected future climate change based on a new generation of climate models. To extract reliable estimates of future warming and related uncertainties from these models, the spread in their projections is often translated into probabilistic estimates such as the mean and likely range. Here, we use a model weighting approach, which accounts for the models' historical performance based on several diagnostics as well as model interdependence within the CMIP6 ensemble, to calculate constrained distributions of global mean temperature change. We investigate the skill of our approach in a perfect model test, where we use previous-generation CMIP5 models as pseudo-observations in the historical period. The performance of the distribution weighted in the abovementioned manner with respect to matching the pseudo-observations in the future is then evaluated, and we find a mean increase in skill of about 17 % compared with the unweighted distribution. In addition, we show that our independence metric correctly clusters models known to be similar based on a CMIP6 “family tree”, which enables the application of a weighting based on the degree of inter-model dependence. We then apply the weighting approach, based on two observational estimates (the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Retrospective Analysis – ERA5, and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 – MERRA-2), to constrain CMIP6 projections under weak (SSP1-2.6) and strong (SSP5-8.5) climate change scenarios (SSP refers to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways). Our results show a reduction in the projected mean warming for both scenarios because some CMIP6 models with high future warming receive systematically lower performance weights. The mean of end-of-century warming (2081–2100 relative to 1995–2014) for SSP5-8.5 with weighting is 3.7 ∘C, compared with 4.1 ∘C without weighting; the likely (66%) uncertainty range is 3.1 to 4.6 ∘C, which equates to a 13 % decrease in spread. For SSP1-2.6, the weighted end-of-century warming is 1 ∘C (0.7 to 1.4 ∘C), which results in a reduction of −0.1 ∘C in the mean and −24 % in the likely range compared with the unweighted case.
La escuela católica de economía en España: profesores y libros de texto (1875-1936)
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Manuel
Published: November 2020

Aunque la escuela católica de economía haya desparecido de los actuales manuales de historia del pensamiento económico, existió y fue considerada como tal en los que se publicaron en Europa en el último tercio del siglo XIX y primero del siglo XX. La escuela tuvo sus líderes, su metodología, sus instrumentos analíticos, sus reuniones periódicas, las revistas en las que expusieron sus ideas y una férrea disciplina para mantener cohesionado al grupo. Con seguidores en casi todo el mundo occidental, los países en los que alcanzó mayor implantación fueron Italia, Alemania, Francia, Bélgica, Suiza y España. En este trabajo se estudian los economistas académicos españoles que militaron en esta escuela en el periodo 1875-1936 y los libros de texto de economía política que utilizaron en sus enseñanzas, una cuestión que se plantearon hace tiempo Olascoaga (1896) y Franco (1927), pero que ha permanecido después en un olvido casi total.
El debate sobre el domino de los mares en el imperio español durante los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: San Emeterio Nieves
Published: November 2020

Este artículo estudia el debate sobre el dominio de los mares en los siglos XVI y XVII en el imperio español. Encontramos dos vertientes, la de autores escolásticos como Francisco de Vitoria (1483 o 1486 -1546) o Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca (1512-1569) que utilizaron la teoría de la propiedad para defender la libertad de los mares al margen de los intereses políticos y comerciales de su nación. Pero también veremos a otros autores que adecuaron su doctrina para el provecho político del imperio y construyeron una teoría en contra de las demandas de libertad en los océanos de las naciones rivales. Dentro de este último grupo, este artículo descubre la obra de Nicolás Bonaert (1564- ¿), un jesuita que elaboró la primera contestación conocida a Mare Liberum de Hugo Grocio.
Causes of Paradigm Shift from EFL to ESL in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzhrani Nesreen , Alkubaidi Miriam
Published: November 2020

The use of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia does not appear to continue in the coming years on account of its strong commitment towards the 2030 vision that aims to reformulate and restructure the foundations of the social and economic fabric of the Saudi society. The Arabic language holds its significance in the society due to being a religious language. The current review has analyzed the paradigm shifts from EFL to ESL in higher education in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and predicted the future of English in Saudi Arabia. The major challenge that policymakers may encounter would be how to localize education of English language to meet the Saudi norms and standards of learning while at the same time modernize and internationalize the higher education through western theoretical knowledge and the English language. Suggestions regarding these aspects may direct individuals involved in language planning in Saudi Arabia.
Does resveratrol preserve the integrity of the sperm membrane in goats after thawing?
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Brito Lindomar Sousa , Barbosa Larissa Pires ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Pinheiro Alexandre Moraes ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Resende Max Vitória ,   Universidade Salvador, Costa Nariane Gavazza de Lima ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Machado William Morais ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Jesus Ronival Dias Lima de ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Ribeiro Márcio de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, França Caline Santana da ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia, Cardoso Reuber de Carvalho ,   Universidade Federal da Recôncavo da Bahia
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol in the trisaminomethane (TRIS)-egg yolk extender and its optimal inclusion level for goat semen cryopreservation. Five ejaculates of three Anglo Nubian goats were used, each divided into four 200 µL aliquots for use in four treatments: 0.00 (control), 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 mg mL-1 resveratrol in the TRIS-egg yolk extender. We evaluated progressive sperm motility and sperm vigor post-dilution, post-cooling, and post thawing; membrane integrity (HOST); and acrosomal integrity and performed a slow thermoresistance test (STT). The data were submitted to a regression analysis at a 5% probability. There was no difference in progressive motility or sperm vigor in the post-dilution (89.5, 89.0, 88.7 and 88.3, and 4.9, 5.0, 4.9, and 4.9) or post-cooling (81.0, 82.0, 83.0, and 78.3; and 4.3, 4.3, 4.2, and 4.2) experiments (P > 0.05), or in the complementary acrosomal integrity test (42.0, 47.4, 42.2 and 38.2) (P > 0.05). However, the motility and vigor parameters decreased linearly in the post-thaw phase, as well as during the 2 hours of incubation on STT (P < 0.05). These factors increased quadratically when resveratrol was added to HOST, to an optimal level of 0.039 mg mL-1 resveratrol for a plasma membrane integrity of 52.55% (P < 0.05). The inclusion of resveratrol was effective in maintaining sperm viability; in particular, it was effective in maintaining plasmatic membrane integrity during the cryopreservation process up to 0.039 mg mL-1, meaning that it could be an alternative to conventionally used seminal extenders in goats.
Assessment of welfare indicators in grazing dairy cows in Northeast Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Santos Severino Guilherme Caetano Gonçalves dos , Saraiva Edilson Paes ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Fonseca Vinicius de França Carvalho ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Saraiva Carla Aparecida Soares ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Gonzaga Neto Severino ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Fidelis Sérgio da Silva ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Amorim Mikael Leal Cabral Menezes de ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Santos José Danrley Cavalcante dos ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Published: November 2020

The welfare of dairy cows is a major global concern, due to its impact on cow health and productivity, as well as public health. The aim of this study was to identify the main problems related to welfare in dairy herds managed on pasture in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. For this investigation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 dairy farms in the municipalities of Areia, Alagoa Grande, Serraria, and Pilões, Paraíba, Brazil. Each farm was visited only once, recording the number of cows in the herd, type and number of milkings per day, daily milk yield, and access time to the pasture. Body condition score, cleanliness score, bodily injuries, and qualitative behavioral assessment (QBA) were measured. A total of 335 dairy cows were evaluated; herds ranged from 14 to 43 lactating cows, with an average milk yield of 8.4 ± 3.25 kg day-1. Of the 335 cows observed, 26% had a low body condition score, 82% had bodily injuries, and 20% had dirt on their legs. For the QBA, a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1 had a high correlation mainly with positive body expressions (e.g., sociable, active, and happy), and PC2 was associated with negative terms of body expression (e.g., apathetic, frustrated, and fearful). In conclusion, evaluating indicators of cows’ body condition, bodily injury, and cleanliness highlighted the importance of promoting improvements in pasture, management, and housing conditions to enable better performance, health, and welfare of the animals.
Digestibility and bioavailability of organic calcium sources for European quail
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Leão Ana Patricia Alves , Lana Sandra Roseli Valerio ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Lana Geraldo Roberto Quintão ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Barros Junior Romilton Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Mendonça Daniela Silva ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Oliveira Thalis José ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and true digestibility coefficients and relative bioavailability of charru mussel, maçunim (Anomalocardia brasiliana) and oyster shells as organic calcium sources for meat quail. In the digestibility trial, 240 quail were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five diets (calcitic limestone, calcium carbonate and three marine calcium sources), five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit. The relative bioavailability of calcium was determined by the standard-curve and slope ratio methods in a growth trial in which 288 European quail were distributed in completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of basal diet with a low calcium concentration (0.166%) that was supplemented with two levels of calcium (0.342% and 0.684%) derived from different calcium sources. The apparent and true digestibility coefficients of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals for meat quail were 91.85 and 92.04%; 91.71 and 91.90%; and 89.39 and 89.63%, respectively. The relative bioavailability of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals obtained using standard-curve and slope ratio methods were 133.22 and 119.18%; 140.05 and 113.69%; and 141.73 and 106.22%, respectively, allowing the use of these organic calcium sources in diet formulations for meat quail.
Growth bioestimulant in marandu grass cultivated in the amazon biome
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Reis Grazielle de Carvalho , Oliveira Wildiney Freire de ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Silva Camila Cunha da ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Silva Bruno Pereira da ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Simão Sergio Domingos ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Casagrande Daniel Rume ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Rodrigues João Paulo Pacheco ,   Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Alves Kaliandra Souza ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Maciel Raylon Pereira ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Mezzomo Rafael ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant on the morphogenesis, structure, productivity, and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, managed under two nitrogen fertilization levels. Collections were carried out during the dry (June to September) and the rainy season (September to April). The experimental area was divided into 48 plots of 8 m2 each, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (0, 1, 2, and 3 L ha−1 of biostimulant × 50 and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), and subdivided over time into dry and rainy seasons. Treatments were applied in a single dose. An interaction was observed between biostimulant and nitrogen fertilization for the total forage dry matter production and daily forage dry matter production, in which an increase of 30.1 and 25.3% was observed in the total dry matter production and 33.7 and 27.6% in the daily dry matter production when using 1 and 2 L ha−1 of biostimulant, respectively, compared to the non-application of biostimulant and with fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1. The leaf life-span showed a triple interaction (biostimulant × nitrogen fertilization × season), and a decomposition of the interaction showed that the fertilization of 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 provided a shorter leaf life-span during the dry season, with no difference for the other combinations of factors. No interactions were found for the chemical-bromatological composition, with no differences for the biostimulant application. Biostimulant doses of 1 and 2 L ha−1 increase the dry matter production per hectare in the nitrogen fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, but its action is not effective with the highest nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1).
Validation of in situ disappearance curves utilizing mathematical models for incubating fish meal and cottonseed mea
Authors:   Agricultural Faculty, Palang Valiollah , Besharati Maghsoud ,   University of Tabriz, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Published: November 2020

our mathematical models were used to describe the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of fish meal and cottonseed meal. Results of DM degradability particularity showed that all the models fitted well (R2 > 0.95), however, considering that values below 0 or above 100 are not biologically justified in ruminal degradability, they are not acceptable. The models I and II were accepted to ruminal DM degradability of fish meal and cottonseed meal data. Only models I and II were successfully fitted to CP degradability of fish meal (R2 > 0.96), and the I, II and III models were acceptable to ruminal CP degradability of cottonseed meal (R2 > 0.98). In terms of effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP, model II generated higher values than other models. To appreciate fully the role of mathematical modelling in the biological sciences, it is necessary to consider the nature of feeds that evaluated and to review the types of models that may be constructed.
Case Studies AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries
Authors: Weber Stephen , Chahal Jaskarndip
Published: November 2020

Shoulder disease is a major cause of musculoskeletal disability in the United States. Chronic shoulder pain has been estimated to affect approximately 8% of all American adults, second only to chronic knee pain in our society's burden of musculoskeletal disease. Rotator cuff pathology is the leading cause of shoulder-related disability seen by orthopaedic surgeons, and surgical volume is on the rise. One study, for example, notes a 141% increase in rotator cuff repairs from 1996 to 2006 in the United States. Because rotator cuff disease is such a common condition with evidence of various strength supporting different common treatments, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons published a clinical practice guideline to help elucidate best practices for its treatment. A summary of these guidelines with the strength of the recommendations is available at OrthoGuidelines (http://www.orthoguidelines.org/topic?id=1027) with links to rationale behind each of the conclusions. This study will illustrate the use of these guidelines through presentation and discussion of hypothetical clinical cases.
Recommendations for the seismic design of petrochemical plants
Authors: Norton J. A. , Gillies A. G. , Edmonds F. D.
Published: November 2020

Difficulties in applying the seismic design provisions of the NZ Standard Code of Practice for General Structural Design and Design Loadings for Buildings, NZS 4203:1976, to multi-component petrochemical facilities lead to the preparation of the document: Seismic Design of Petrochemical Plants - Volume 1: Recommendations and Volume 2: Commentary. This paper explains the basis of that document. The philosophy that is used provides for a consistent level of earthquake protection to the various components of a petrochemical facility according to the importance of the component and the potential hazard associated with its failure. This is achieved by establishing design load levels based on assessed seismic risk and structure reliability. An important part of the philosophy is the minimising of seismic risk by the elimination or modification of potentially hazardous situations at the conceptual design stage. The derivation of basic seismic design coefficients from a seismicity study of New Zealand is described and the analysis and detailing procedures adopted in the Recommendations for structures and equipment in petrochemical facilities are discussed. Particular attention is given to explaining the application of capacity design principles to ductile structural forms.
A Study of the Phonological Poetic Devices of Selected Poems of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson
Authors: Tawfiq Hatim Hassan
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on the phonological poetic devices found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson. It investigates five patterns of phonological poetic devices. The study is based on randomly selected poems from each poet to obtain a representative sample of the particular poetic devices and tabulates the frequency their usage. The poetic devices under investigation are onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, alliteration, and rhyme. The paper quantitatively analyzes the occurrence of these phonological poetic devices in randomly selected poems from the works of the two poets to a clear picture of the sound patterns found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson.
Determinants of Participation in Contract Farming Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers: The Case of North Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpesa Mosisa , Legesse Belaineh , Haji Jema , Bekele Ketema
Published: November 2020

The study analyzed the determinants of participation in dairy contract farming using data collected from 424 (192 participants and 232 non-participants) randomly selected milk-producing farmers from three districts of the North Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study combines both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from household interview using semi structured questionnaire, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and direct personal observation. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze data. The binary logistic regression model was employed to identify factors affecting participation in dairy contract farming. Results show that age, sex, perception of price uncertainty, frequency of extension contact and access to training significantly and positively affect participation in dairy contract farming while time taken to milk collection centers affected it significantly and negatively. Results suggest that the need to encourage young farmers, female-headed households, increasing frequency of extension contact, creating access for training, decentralization of milk collection centers and contract farming reduces perceived price uncertainty faced by smallholder farmers from the spot market through creating guaranteed milk price in the study area. 
Medicamente verzi din farmacia naturii, ed a II-a
Authors:   Editura Universitara, Ciocan Virginia
Published: November 2020

Medicamentele verzi dau rezultate bune in stadiile incipiente ale tuturor bolilor si au rezultate foarte bune in profilaxia acestora. In bolile grave sau in cele cronice, medicamentul verde are un pretios rol adjuvant. Dar, in practica medicala naturista, conteaza mai mult pacientul si apoi boala si, de foarte multe ori, dorinta bolnavului de a se vindeca face adevarate miracole, lucru care contrazice stiinta medicala si invinge boala, chiar in afectiuni grave, precum cancerul.
Wie gut kann das Leseverstehen die Note in der Klausur Wirtschaftsrecht bei Studierenden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften vorhersagen?
Authors: Happ Roland , Antomo Jennifer , Lang Felix
Published: November 2020

In wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Studiengängen sind i.d.R. auch juristische Inhalte curricular verankert. So müssen an der Universität Mainz alle Studierenden im Bachelorstudiengang Wirtschaftswissenschaften eine Vorlesung zum Wirtschaftsrecht absolvieren. Es stellt sich die Frage, welchen Erklärungsbeitrag das Leseverstehen bei den Studierenden für die Note im Fach Wirtschaftsrecht leistet. Die untersuchte Klausur bestand aus einer Aufgabe im Gutachtenstil sowie zwei kürzer zu beantwortenden Fachfragen. Der Artikel zeigt, dass der Erklärungsbeitrag des Leseverstehens bei der Aufgabe im Gutachtenstil höher ist als bei den Fachfragen. Gleichzeitig verdeutlicht der Beitrag, dass durch die Abiturnote und das Leseverstehen bereits knapp 20% der Varianz der Note im Fach Wirtschaftsrecht erklärt werden können. Das zeigt, dass gerade in Lehrveranstaltungen mit sehr großen Studierendenzahlen, wie es in dieser Veranstaltung der Fall war, die Einflussnahme durch die Lehrkraft als gering eingestuft werden muss. Hier sollten hochschuldidaktische Überlegungen für eine binnendifferenziertere Förderung der Lernenden ansetzen.
Bildung und Negativität
Authors: Schäfer Alfred
Published: November 2020

Die Überschreitungsmöglichkeiten symbolischer und sozialer Ordnungen durch ästhetische Erfahrungen und Praktiken, das Spannungsverhältnis von Subjektivität und Individualität, eine genealogische Betrachtung von Prozessen der sozialen Integration und eine Dialektik der Befreiung – solche Untersuchungsperspektiven rücken die Philosophie Christoph Menkes in ein Verhältnis zu ›klassischen‹ bildungstheoretischen Reflexionen. Auch der Bildungstheorie ging es seit ihrer Herausbildung im 18. Jahrhundert nicht zuletzt um eine doppelte Problemstellung. Auf der einen Seite wurden die Bezugspunkte dessen, was man sich als eine adäquate Integration in eine soziale Welt vorstellen konnte, in ihrer Selbstverständlichkeit in Frage gestellt. Die Art und Weise der sozialen Integration wurde zum Problem einer Begründung, für die letztlich gültige Kriterien fehlten. Damit eröffneten sich zwar Freiheits- und Autonomiespielräume der ›Subjektivierung‹.

Allerdings stellte sich auch die Frage, ob eine so sozial geforderte Subjektivität nicht selbst als ein Vorgang der Anpassung zu verstehen ist, in dem die Individualität nicht mehr zu ihrem Recht kommt. Die ›klassische‹ Bildungstheorie entwarf in ihrer Bearbeitung dieser doppelten Problemstellung Möglichkeitsräume, in denen das Verhältnis einer ›offenen‹ Sozialität und einer individuellen Bildung zumindest denkbar erscheinen sollte.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass sich Aspekte der Philosophie Menkes in dem traditionellen Problemrahmen der bildungstheoretischen Reflexion verorten lassen. Dabei ist es sein negativ-dialektischer Zugang, der es ihm erlaubt, eine spezifische Akzentsetzung vorzunehmen. In ihr wird das Versprechen der Bildung zurückgebunden an die Voraussetzung einer in sich widersprüchlichen sozialen Integration.
Librarians’ Experiences with Social Media and COVID-19 Misinformation
Authors: Lovelace Kacy , Thomas Sabrina , Harper Lindsey
Published: November 2020

This article explores our personal experiences with combating misinformation and disinformation about COVID-19 via social media platforms. Next, we describe how sharing our experiences with one another led to the motivation of the current study. Then, we describe the methodology of the present study and examine some of the preliminary results and analysis. Finally, we explore strategies and best practices to mitigate burnout associated with combating COVID-19 misinformation.
Updates
Authors: Reynolds Stephanie
Published: November 2020

Freedom to Read Foundation Report to CouncilIntellectual Freedom Committee Report to CouncilCommittee on Professional Ethics and Intellectual Freedom Committee’s Letter Addressing Forward Together RecommendationsGuidelines for Reopening Libraries During the COVID-19 PandemicGuidelines on Contact Tracing, Health Checks, and Library Users’ PrivacyResolution Condemning Police Violence Against BIPOC, Protesters, and JournalistsVideo Surveillance in the Library GuidelinesCommittee on Professional Ethics
Targets of the Censor
Authors: Diaz Eleanor
Published: November 2020

Books, Resources, Magazines, Comics, Artwork, Advertising
Compreensão da enfermagem sobre o contato pele a pele entre mãe/bebê na sala de parto
Authors: Souza Hanna Louyse Ribeiro e , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Pereira Rejane Cristiany Lins de França , Melo Rosana Alves de
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: descrever a compreensão da equipe de enfermagem da sala de parto sobre o contato pele a pele entre a mãe e bebê na primeira hora de vida. Método: estudo descriti­vo, qualitativo, com profissionais de enfermagem da sala de parto. Os dados foram coletados de agosto a novembro de 2018, por meio de entrevista semiestru­turada e analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: foram extraídas três categorias temáticas: Conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre o contato pele a pele na primeira hora de vida; Benefícios e importância do contato pele a pele no pós-parto imediato na visão dos profissionais; Práticas realizadas no pós-parto imediato na sala de parto. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem possuem o conhecimento sobre o contato pele a pele, mesmo que apresentando algumas fragilidades, e ver-se a importância deste conhecimento para o que esse estímulo seja amplamente efetivado nos cuidados à mãe e ao recém-nascido.
Direct oral anticoagulants: A new chapter in anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Stepanović-Petrović Radica , Nastić Katarina
Published: November 2020

Thromboembolic events are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. From the second half of the 20th century, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), warfarin and acenocoumarol, were the only anticoagulants taken orally. The major reform in anticoagulation therapy was made by the advent of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), about 10 years ago. Direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) and direct inhibitors of factor Xa (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban) have demonstrated favorable risk/benefit ratio. Compared to warfarin, DOACs are associated with a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, lower severe bleeding complications, particularly intracranial hemorrhages, and minimal drug interactions. Moreover, DOACs achieve a rapid onset of action and have shown comparable efficacy with warfarin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in clinical trials. As a result, DOACs are now replacing VKAs and LMWH for many indications including stroke and systemic embolism prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism and thromboprophylaxis following total knee/hip replacement surgery. In addition, rivaroxaban (in combination with aspirin alone or aspirin and clopidogrel) is used in the prevention of atherothrombotic events following acute coronary syndrome with elevated cardiac biomarkers. In case of severe bleeding complications under DOACs treatment, antidotes are available; idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal and andexanet alfa for rivaroxaban and apixaban.
Practical issues in measuring the anticoagulant effect of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Dopsaj Violeta
Published: November 2020

The classical oral anticoagulants are increasingly being replaced in clinical practice by new antithrombotic drugs, which act by enabling direct inhibition of coagulation factor IIa (FIIa) or factor Xa (FXa). These drugs have multiple acronyms, including NOACs (new, non-vitamin K antagonist) or DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants), and currently include dabigatran (FIIa inhibitor), and rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban (FXa inhibitors). These drugs are approved for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. The "mantra" that DOACs do not require laboratory monitoring is not entirely correct because laboratory testing for drug effects is needed in many situations, because they influence hemostasis tests and in situations in which urgent measurement of DOACs is required. This should be very important to consider in the clinical situation for numbers of indications and increasing numbers of patients on DOACs therapy. The main aim of this article is to provide practical issues to general laboratory testing for DOACs, as well as to help avoid diagnostic errors associated with hemostasis testing. The assays for DOAC quantification must be available in medical centers on a whole day basis, to facilitate optimal drug management in conditions when things go wrong or in urgent cases of immediate reversal of anticoagulation or appropriate administration of a specific antidote.
Committing the most dangerous convicts to serve prison sentences
Authors: Milić Ivan
Published: November 2020

There are more than thirty penal institutions in the Republic of Serbia in which persons deprived of liberty "reside" due to different reasons as prescribed by law. A convicted person is committed to serve a prison sentence after the final court judgement. This is the rule, however, there is an exception. The position of a convict while serving a prison sentence depends on the type of penal institution in which the convict serves the sentence. There are many circumstances prescribed by law that determine to which penal institutions a convict will be committed to. Since 2009, there have been special rules on serving prison sentences for a certain category of convicts in the Republic of Serbia. This is when the Law on the Enforcement of the Prison Sentence for Criminal Offenses of Organised Crime was enacted. The author focuses on the committal of the most dangerous convicts to serving prison sentences. In this regard, the author points out who the most dangerous convicts are, where they serve the prison sentence, and how the procedure of committing the convict to serve the sentence is organised.
Legal and historical overview of the protection of possession in Serbian law
Authors: Gavrilović Biljana
Published: November 2020

The subject of this analysis are the mechanisms of possession according to the Serbian Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure from 1929, during the period between 1844 and 1941. The development of the protection of possession during this period is mostly reflected in the fact that possession in the Principality of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbia was protected, first of all, by means of criminal justice, while in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, this role was played by civil law. Although possession and its protection in the Principality of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbia were also regulated by civil-law norms, the people were still relying on the criminal justice system to get protection. Beside the many ambiguities in the Serbian Civil Code related to it, the protection of possession was not regulated separately from standard civil procedures in the Code of Civil Procedure from 1865. Thus, only when the Yugoslav Code of Civil Procedure went into effect did possession get proper, civil-law protection on the territory of Serbia.
Representatives of companies
Authors: Knežević Sima
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the mechanism of representation and its core purpose, compares the regulations on representation found in the Law of Contracts and Torts and the Companies Act, and references different legal solutions. Furthermore, it discusses the term "legal (statutory) representatives" used in the Companies Act and points out the confusion caused by the use of this term in relation to other laws, as when used elsewhere it has a different meaning. In the end, we analyse the regulations found in the Companies Act, as they relate to legal (statutory) representatives of companies, other representatives, ex officio representatives, and procurators.
Nutrition during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Čamprag-Sabo Nataša , Berenji Karolina , Živanović Dejan
Published: November 2020

The coronary virus pandemic has led to disruptions in various parts of the world and, thus, has caused numerous changes in people's lifestyles, including social interactions, the ability to play sports, and even the diet itself. The aim of this paper is to assess the changes in the diet of the population of students and teachers from College for Vocational Education of Teachers and Coaches in Subotica, during the pandemic. Half of the respondents did not have a problem with food procurement nor did they consume a larger amount of food during the pandemic. In isolation conditions, 40.3% of them exercised daily at home for more than 20 minutes. Occasional and frequent psychological problems during the pandemic (fear, panic attacks, uncertainty, anxiety) were felt by 39% of respondents. It is interesting that 40.3% of the respondents increased the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Bread was consumed more often by 30% of them, and sweets by 32.5%. It is interesting that the respondents used salty snacks less often than before the pandemic (40.4%), while 31.2% of them consumed soups and cooked meals more often.Such but more extensive studies should be conducted around the world as they could be useful to government authorities in order to adjust responses to possible future pandemics.
The role and importance of large companies in the economy of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Krstić Saša , Fedajev Aleksandra
Published: November 2020

In contemporary business conditions, advanced market economies are characterized by the increasing contribution of the SMEs sector to the economic development. Having that in mind, a large number of papers have been aimed at analyzing business doing in this sector in the last couple of years. In this way, the focus has been shifted from large business entities and their importance to the economic growth to the SMEs sector. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to examine the financial situation, the place and the role of large companies in the overall economy of the Republic of Serbia, where, having in mind the fact that it is a transition economy, large enterprises, both private and public, significantly contribute to the growth of the economic activity and employment. Before all, the degree of the liquidity, efficiency, indebtedness and profitability of these companies in the period 2014-2017 was determined by using the ratio analysis. After that, on the basis of the selected ratios, a comparative financial performance analysis of large business entities in relation to those small, medium-sized and microwas carried out by applying the Entropy and the PROMETHEE II methods. The obtained results pointed out that large business entities had a favorable business economy in relation to the other groups of business entities by size, and their performances had improved to a certain extent in the observed period.
E-business capabilities and innovation performance: The mediating effect of knowledge management strategies
Authors: Arias-Pérez Jose , López-Zapata Esteban , Echeverri-Bedoya Andrea
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the mediating effect of the knowledge management strategies on the relationship between e-business capabilities and innovation performance. The research model was tested with a sample of 102 firms belonging to IT intensive sectors, located in an emerging country that is a regional leader in terms of e-business adoption. Structural equations by the consistent partial least squares method were used. The main result indicates that only the personalization strategy has a partial mediating effect. In conclusion, e-business capability alone is insufficient for achieving a superior innovation performance. This finding also helps consolidate the incipient study perspective that understands knowledge management not as an antecedent variable which becomes indispensable for e-business adoption, but as an organizational factor that intervenes a posteriori and which is focused on achieving an effective use of all the knowledge resulting from the digital operation of the business.
A review on optimization methods applied to energy management system
Authors: Graa Amel , Benhamida Farid
Published: November 2020

Energy is fundamental in supporting people's daily subsists and the continual mission for human life improvement. The computer-aided instruments system used by electric utility grids or microgrids operators to control, monitor, and optimize the power system operation is generally named Energy Management System (EMS). The topic of optimization methods applied to decision making problems in such system is a difficult and complex combination of mathematical formulation, modeling and algorithmic solution. The best result in such process is applied to the problem to be optimized, which must be studied in great depth. Furthermore, difficult mathematical calculations and procedures can be elaborated; also, computer knowledge and software engineering competences must be provided. The subject of this paper is an overview of the existing important optimization methods used in electric power management system such as unit commitment, optimal power flow and economic dispatch.