bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restrukturyzacja cyfrowych modeli biznesu – próba konceptualizacji
Authors: Jabłoński Marek
Published: July 2020

Artykuł przedstawia problematykę kluczowych

aspektów restrukturyzacji labilnych cyfrowych modeli biznesu przez ich

serwicyzację, socjalizację i kreowanie wartości strategicznej poprzez

wykorzystanie cech cyfrowych modeli biznesu. Serwicyzacja oparta na założeniach

systemów produktowo-usługowych jest stymulatorem efektywności modeli biznesu.

Cyfrowe modele biznesu ze względu na dynamiczny postęp technologiczny i

zmieniające się potrzeby klientów stają się labilne. 

Ich chwiejność powoduje, że muszą one znajdować się w permanentnym procesie

restrukturyzacji. Proponowany model restrukturyzacji cyfrowych modeli biznesu

oparto na triadzie trzech kluczowych komponentów, a mianowicie: serwicyzacji,

socjalizacji oraz wartości strategicznej modeli biznesu. Zapewnienie równowagi

między tymi elementami może doprowadzić do osiągnięcia sukcesu przedsiębiorstw

działających w gospodarce cyfrowej. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie nowego podejścia

do kształtowania modelu restrukturyzacji cyfrowych modeli biznesu.
Zarządzanie procesowe z wykorzystaniem wiedzy w polskich przedsiębiorstwach
Authors: Bitkowska Agnieszka , Sobolewska Olga
Published: July 2020

Współczesne organizacje mierzą się z koniecznością

dostosowania swoich struktur i zachodzących w nich procesów do wymogów

zmieniającego się rynku. Zarządzanie procesowe w organizacji jest od wielu lat

wskazywane jako szczególnie istotna koncepcja zarządzania. Współcześnie, zarówno

w literaturze przedmiotu, jak i w praktyce gospodarczej, coraz silniej

akcentuje się znaczenie wiedzy i wykorzystania jej w doskonaleniu procesów.

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie stanu obecnego w zakresie zarządzania procesowego

z wykorzystaniem wiedzy w polskich organizacjach. W artykule przytoczone

zostały badania własne zrealizowane w 2019 w polskich przedsiębiorstwach

zarządzanych procesowo. Wyraźnie wskazują one na to, iż polskie

przedsiębiorstwa również uświadamiają sobie konieczność nie tylko dbałości o aktualnie

realizowane w nich procesy, ale również na adaptację ich do zmian zarówno

dyktowanych przez otoczenie, jak i wynikających z wewnętrznych uwarunkowań organizacji.

Do realizacji tych celów coraz częściej stosowane jest wdrażanie zarządzania

procesowego bazującego na wiedzy.
Wpływ zmian na polskim rynku pracy na wdrażanie innowacji technologicznych w przemyśle cukierniczym
Authors: Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Podsiadły Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Zidentyfikowano lukę

badawczą dotyczącą przeobrażeń na rynku pracy, które są stymulatorami zmian

technologicznych wprowadzanych w różnych branżach. Stało się to podstawą dla prezentacji wpływu zmian zachodzących na polskim rynku pracy na wdrażanie nowych rozwiązań technologicznych w przemyśle cukierniczym.

Teoretyczno-empiryczny charakter artykułu znajduje odzwierciedlenie w

zastosowanych metodach naukowych. Aby osiągnąć cel artykułu, wykorzystano

studia literaturowe oraz studium przypadku przedsiębiorstwa z branży

cukierniczej.
Rozwój kompetencji przedsiębiorczości w procesie kształcenia praktycznego studentów szkół wyższych
Authors: Graczyk-Kucharska Magdalena , Olszewski Robert , Szafrański Maciej , Goliński Marek , Spychała Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

Kompetencje przekrojowe to zbiór wiedzy, umiejętności i postaw wymaganych na różnych stanowiskach pracy, w różnych zawodach. Do kompetencji takich należą m.in.: przedsiębiorczość, praca w zespole, kreatywność czy komunikatywność, które coraz częściej wskazywane są przez pracodawców jako kluczowo wymagane na ryku pracy w różnych krajach. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono hipotezę badawczą odnoszącą się do powiązania kompetencji przedsiębiorczości z innymi, wybranymi kompetencjami przekrojowymi. Modele matematyczne z wykorzystaniem regresji wielorakiej i sieci neuronowych opisujące wzajemną zależność tych kompetencji opracowano w oparciu o analizę danych zebranych w czterech krajach Unii Europejskiej: Polski, Finlandii, Słowacji i Słowenii. Na podstawie wyników badań i opracowanego modelu udowodniono, że przyspieszając kompetencję przedsiębiorczości, jednocześnie rozwijamy kompetencje kreatywności, pracy w zespole oraz komunikatywność.
建筑装配式混凝土结构施工技术的探析
Authors: 孔 凡杰
Published: July 2020

装配式混凝土结构是一种全新的建筑工程项目施工建设的结构类别，在选择了这种工程项目的建造方式的情况下，工程项目的主要结构的很大一部分都是利用预制混凝土构件在施工现场组装而成的。随着我国的城镇化的不断发展和推进，建筑行业也实现了急速的发展，建筑规模、建筑难度也在不断的提升，相应的建筑工程项目的施工技术也得到了很高的发展。近年来中国在装配式钢筋混凝土建筑施工方面得到了迅速的发展。这种装配式的建造施工技术不仅能有效地提高工程项目的施工效率，更重要的是可以相应地提高预制部件的精度，减少了资源的浪费和过度消耗，减少了施工现场的污染问题，为工程项目的经济效益的提升打下了坚实的基础。
刍议房地产测量与工程测量区别探讨
Authors: 苏 远秀
Published: July 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而推动了民众生活水平的显著提升，人们对生活环境的需求在不断的提升，这样就为房地产行业的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。加大力针对房地产测量和工程测量进行深入的研究，能够促进房地产测量效率的不断提升，从而更好的为房地产行业的稳步健康发展创造良好的基础。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对房地产测量与工程测量进行深入的研究分析，希望能够对房地产行业的稳定持续发展有所帮助。
新农村污废水排水现状及解决办法浅析
Authors: 唐 泽明
Published: July 2020

我国新农村的建设已有相当长一段时间，在践行社会主义新农村这一举措的道路上，辛勤的劳动人民充分发挥自己智慧，在党和国家的领导下取得了丰硕的成果，人民生活水平有了很大提高的同时也暴露出了一系列问题，其中农村污水、废水排放问题尤为突出。文章通过比较几种排水方案，结合农村的排水特点，给农村的排水问题提出几种解决方案。
基于调查数据的东海岛围填海工程海洋生态环境影响研究
Authors: 陈 翔 , 张 蒙生 , 胡 海畅
Published: July 2020

通过对比东海岛湛江湾海域工程前、工程建设期及工程后海洋生态环境调查数据，从海水水质、沉积物质量、海洋生态、渔业资源等角度，客观、准确评估了湛江市东海岛临港工业区一阶段填海工程建设前后海洋生态环境实际变化情况，得出本填海工程造成了一定量的潮间带生物及渔业资源损失，未发现对海洋生态环境造成重大不利影响，根据工程实践经验，潮间带生物及渔业资源损失可通过海洋生态修复措施予以补偿。
钢结构网架施工技术应用及质量控制措施
Authors: 张 兆建 , 王 昊
Published: July 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的发展，为我国建筑工程行业的发展带来了良好的机遇，但是也加剧了整个建筑工程行业内的竞争，使得市场环境越发的复杂，为了确保整个行业的稳步发展，这就需要我们要充分的结合现实情况来加强施工质量的管控。钢结结构因为稳定性强、载荷能力高、施工安全性强等优越性所以受到了人们的广泛青睐，在建筑工程领域中大范围的加以运用。将钢结构网架结构切实的运用在建筑结构之中，不但可以有效的提升结构内空间的利用效率，控制工程整体成本，提升施工的安全性，并且还可以提高建筑整体结构的载荷能力。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对钢结构网架施工技术的切实运用以及质量管控工作展开全面的分析研究，希望能够对建筑工程行业的良好发展起到积极地推动作用。
道路桥梁的混凝土施工技术探析
Authors: 赵 立民
Published: July 2020

在最近的几年时间里，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了全面的发展，从而推动了我国城市化建设工作的全面开展，这样就为我国道路桥梁混凝土工程行业的发展壮大带来了诸多的便利。社会的飞速发展，使得民众的思想意识也发生了明显的变化，人们对道路桥梁工程的施工质量越发的关注。在实际组织开展道路桥梁工程施工工作的过程中，混凝土施工技术的整体水平往往与道路桥梁工程施工质量密切相关，并且道路桥梁工程中混凝土材料是其中一项重要的基础材料，所以我们需要对混凝土材料的质量和性能加以保证。但是经过大量的事件调查我们发现，在进行混凝土施工工作的过程中，混凝土结构裂缝问题十分的严重，正是因为这一问题的存在，从而会对工程质量产生严重的负面影响，鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对道路桥梁混凝土施工技术展开全面的分析研究，希望能够对促进道路桥梁混凝土施工工作的良好发展方面起到积极的影响作用。
公路桥梁设计中结构化方法设计应用
Authors: 李 立峰
Published: July 2020

当前我国的整体经济发展迅速，极大的提升了人们的生活水平，区域经济交流日益频繁，人们的出行需求也不断高涨。这就对公路桥梁工程的质量提供了更高的要求。私家车的增多也对公路桥梁工程的通行安全与通行质量提出了新的挑战，在科学技术飞速发展的推动下，公路桥梁工程设计正在朝着智能化的方向发展，所以以往老旧模式的公路桥梁设计模式很显然已经不能满足当下公路桥梁工程的发展需要了，如果不能对公路桥梁设计进行不断的优化和创新，必然会对公路桥梁工程各项工作的开展造成一定的限制，甚至会引发严重的危险事故的发生。因此笔者尝试结合自身工作经验和相关技术方法，探讨如何更好的提升道路桥梁设计水平，该文主要针对公路桥梁设计中结构化方法设计的运用展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对公路桥梁工程设计工作的良好发展有所帮助。
Marul Tohumunun Bazı Fiziko-Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇEKİM İpek , ÖZARSLAN Cengiz
Published: July 2020

Marul
tohumlarının fiziko-mekanik özellikleri; hasat, taşıma, temizleme, ayırma,
paketleme, tohum kaplama, depolama ve işleme ekipmanlarının tasarımı için
önemlidir. Bu
çalışmada marul tohumunun bazı fiziko-mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda marul tohumlarının geometrik, gravimetrik, aerodinamik, sürtünme ve
mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarına göre %8,09 (kuru bazda)
nem içeriğine sahip marul tohumlarının uzunluk, genişlik ve kalınlık
ortalamaları sırasıyla 3,36 mm, 0,84 mm ve 0,54 mm, projeksiyon alanı 2,79 mm2
olarak ölçülmüş ve küresellik 0,34 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Marul tohumunun bin
dane ağırlığı 1,09 g, yığın hacim ağırlığı 0,463 g cm-3, gerçek
hacim ağırlığı 1,153 g cm-3, hacmi 0,871 cm3, porozitesi
%59,84 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kritik hız değeri ise 3,46 m s-1
olarak ölçülmüştür. Statik sürtünme katsayısı paslanmaz çelik, alüminyum,
kontrplak ve kauçuk olmak üzere dört farklı yüzeyde ölçülmüş olup sonuçlar
sırasıyla 0,198, 0,278, 0,346 ve 0,352 olarak bulunmuştur. Marul tohumunun
dinamik yığılma açısı alüminyumda 18,99°, paslanmaz çelikte 20,33°, kontrplakta 20,34° ve kauçukta 21,05° olarak elde edilmiş, statik yığılma açısı 22,55º ve
kabuk kırılma direnci ise 1,29 kg olarak belirlenmiştir.
Hagada trockokaraimska
Authors: Jankowski Henryk
Published: July 2020

Niniejszy artykuł jest krytycznym wydaniem hagady trockokaraimskiej lub północno-zachodnio-karaimskiej na podstawie niedatowanego rękopisu, przypuszczalnie 19-wiecznego, oraz wydania drukiem Feliksa/Pinahasa Maleckiego z 1900 r. Wydanie Maleckiego jest prawdopodobnie oparte na innym, lecz dość podobnym rękopisie. Za tekst główny przyjęto rękopis jako źródło starsze. Na domiar, Malecki jako słynny uczony karaimski i przywódca duchowny poczynił w tekście pewne adaptacje językowe. Artykuł odsyła niekiedy do współczesnego wydania Firkovičiusa (1999) oraz do wersji krymskokaraimskich, jakkolwiek porównanie tekstu hagady trockokaraimskiej z krymskokaraimską nie jest celem artykułu. Ponieważ hagada karaimska składa się głównie z cytatów biblijnych, wszystkie wersy biblijne utożsamiono i oznaczono. Oznaczono też wersy niebiblijne. We wstępie jest mowa o wszystkich podstawowych zagadnieniach dotyczących karaimskiej hagady wschodnioeuropejskiej z odniesieniami do egipskokaraimskiej. Wydanie składa się ze wstępu, transkrypcji, tłumaczenia polskiego, uwag w przypisach, słowniczka oraz faksymilów.
THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF PASTURE IN SOUTHLAND BASED ON A 5-YEAR MONITORING PROGRAMME
Authors: Winter D.S.
Published: July 2020

The analysis of mixed pasture species has proven to be a useful guide to plant and animal nutrition. Fourteen or more elements can be analysed in plants and the results used to correct any potential problem. In Southland low Ca MQ. Co and Se are the main problems in animal nutrition, with low Sand MO the main deficiencies in plant nutrition. Most elements in pasture vary with soil temperature in a predictable way and this effect can be used to alert farmers of potential problems with animal nutrition, Keywords: trace elements, pasture analysis, fertiliser requirements
DORYCNIUM SPECIES - TWO NEW LEGUMES WITH POTENTIAL FOR DRYLAND PASTURE REJUVENATION AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Wills B.J. , Begg J.S.C. , Foote A.G.
Published: July 2020

Two Dorycnium species. 0. hirsutum and 0. pentaphyltum. have been under trial since the mid-1970s. They show most promise on North Island yellow-brown sands and the drier browngrey/ yellow-gray earth soils of the South island. Both species, native to the Mediterranean region. are perennial with deep taoroots. They are adapted best to drought-prone. free draining, weakly acid to alkaline soil types; heavy, wet soils are not tolerated. Severe winter frosting has little effect on Dorycnium. Major advantages of Dorycnium are the ability of plants to establish and grow in low fertility soils and the provision of an evergreen winter plant cover. Establishment has been successful both by oversowing and direct seedmg on to diverse sites including depleted grassland and newly formed road batters. More extensive farm trials are planned for Dorycnium because of its ability to provide stock and bee forage under cold, dry, low soil fertility conditions. Keywords: Dorycnium, leguminosae, pastur rejuvenation, soil conservation, semi-arid revegetation. nitrogen fixation. forage, browse, Hunter strip seeder
The breeding of 'Grasslands Muster' browntop and other low-fertility grasses for moist hill country
Authors: Rumball W. , Claydon R.B.
Published: July 2020

Breeding projects have been carried out in each of five grass species already common in New Zealand moist hill country. Although the source of breeding material varied widely among the five species, the breeding goals in each were for improved amount and seasonal spread of productivity, persistence, disease resistance, palatability, uniform heading, and tolerance of white clover. The projects began around 1973 and were all completed by 1980. From 198 I-85, the selections were evaluated in small plots on sunny and shady slopes of hill country near Palmerston North. In all species except Yorkshire fog, the selections outyielded their respective commercial controls in the first l-2 years. In the two browntop species (Agrostis capillaris and A. castellana) this superiority continued through the trial, despite selective grazing pressure. In Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) the selections were more palatable but not as persistent as their controls after 5 years. In crested dogstail (Cynosurus cristatus) neither selection nor control persisted, and the mowing regime applied did not allow natural reseeding. In a further trial on lowland, all five selections except dryland browntop were confirmed as considerably more palatable than the controls, and most had more clover content. The best strategy would probably be to market these selections as a hill country/lower fertility seed package (with suitable clovers), so as to exclude less palatable components. Keywords hill country, breeding, browntop, Yorkshire fog, crested dogstail, red fescue, low fertility grasses
A photographic technique for assessing the pasture species performance of grazing animals
Authors: Hunt W.F. , Hay J.M.
Published: July 2020

Four replicates of each of 16 grasses, herbs and legumes were sown on a thoroughbred stud and a deer farm in the Waikato. Grazing stock (horses, deer or calves) were introduced to the plots and their preferences recorded using 4 automatic winding, infrared, remote-triggering cameras, mounted on poles 3 m high. Distinct differences in preferences were identified among horses, deer and calves. 'Grasslands Matua' was most preferred with horses spending twice as much time grazing Matua plots as most other grasses. Italian and tetraploid ryegrasses were the next most frequently grazed. Deer showed a clear preference for legumes and herbs, particularly low oestrogen red clover, and calves showed a clear preference for grasses other than ryegrass. The novel photographic technique establishes a reliable method of obtaining a permanent record of grazing animal preferences to pure swards of a range of pasture species. Information on the species preferences of different classes of stock provides the starting point for alternative species to ryegrass and white clover when developing the total farm management system. Keywords pasture species, deer, horses, calves, preference, photographic technique
Specialist winter milk production from pasture at No. 1 dairy farm, Massey University
Authors: Lynch G.A.
Published: July 2020

Premiums offered by some dairy companies for milk produced in the winter months led No. 1 Dairy Farm at Massey University to explore and instigate alternative options for winter milk production. Options were evaluated in a number of computer models, using information gathered from the farm. Transition to 100% autumn calving began in November 1987. 100% autumn calving improved gross margin from the enterprise and provided opportunities to further research problems inherent to winter milk production. Calving cows in autumn coincides with declining pasture growth. Shortfalls between pasture production and stock requirements in early lactation are filled using conserved pasture. The losses and inefficiencies associated with conserving feed are largely responsible for the lower stocking rate carried and lower total production from the farm. Fertiliser nitrogen and winter-active pasture species assume importance in the feeding strategy on the farm. Keywords winter milk production, grassland management
Tiller population and tissue turnover in a perennial ryegrass pasture under hard and lax spring and summer grazing
Authors: Xia J.X. , Hodgson J. , Matthew C. , Chu A.C.P.
Published: July 2020

Plots of perennial ryegrass were grazed by sheep at 3 to 4-week intervals under hard (postgrazing herbage mass 1000 kg DM/ha) and lax (2000 kg DM/ha) management from October 1986 to August 1988. In early December 1987 treatments on half the plots were switched, giving 4 combinations of hard and lax grazing with 4 replicates. Tiller populations were consistently higher under hard than lax grazing. Net pasture and leaf production rates were also generally higher under hard grazing, because higher senescence losses compensated for higher rates of pasture growth under lax grazing. The switch from hard to lax grazing in late spring gave a transient increase in net pasture production, but the switch from lax to hard grazing at the same time resulted in a high tiller appearance and enhanced net leaf production over the summer. Management strategies to take advantage of this latter effect in pasture systems are discussed briefly. Keywords Tiller population, tissue turnover, grazing management, perennial ryegrass
Effect of Zn-Doping on the Phase Transition Behavior and Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Cu2Se
Authors: Jin Seung Hyun , Lim Young Soo
Published: July 2020

We report on the phase transition behavior and thermoelectric transport properties of Zn-doped Cu2Se. Cu2Se is comprised of nontoxic, low-cost and abundant elements, and has been attracting attention because of its very high thermoelectric performance, ZT, at high temperatures. Many studies have reported enhanced ZT in impurity doped Cu2Se, however, little is known about the effect of dopants on the phase transition behavior of Cu2Se. In this study, we prepared (Cu1-xZn)2Se (x = 0 ~ 0.03) compounds by spark plasma sintering, and investigated the phase transition behavior in terms of the temperature-dependent thermoelectric transport properties. Undoped Cu2Se consists of monoclinic α-Cu2Se and berzelianite at room temperature. However, the crystal structure of (Cu1-xZnx)2Se compounds is changed into a single phase of α-Cu2Se with increasing Zn content. As the Zn content increased, electrical conductivity decreased and Seebeck coefficient increased due to the donor role of Zn. The phase transition temperatures of the compounds were characterized as a function of Zn content, based on the temperature-dependent electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients. The phase transition temperature was increased by increasing Zn content, and it was attributed to the disappearance of the berzelianite phase whose phase transition temperature is lower than that of α-Cu2Se. Detailed effects of Zn-doping on both the phase transition behavior and thermoelectric transport properties were discussed.
Penggunaan Metode Regresi Robust untuk Mencari Selang Kepercayaan KoefisienGaris Regresi jika Ragam Galat Tidak Homogen
Authors: Sugiarti Harmi , Megawarni Andi
Published: July 2020

The assumption of homogeneous error varianceunderlying the OLS method is very important to get the bestlinear unbiased estimation of the regression coefficients. Thispaper aims to compare the width of confidence interval which isresulted by the OLS, the WLS, and the robust regression methodswhen the error term is not homogen. Comparing the three methodsindicate that the width of confidence interval by the robustregression method is narrower than the OLS method but the WLSmethod is the narrowest.
PERFORMAAYAM MERAWANG YANG DIPELIHARA INTENSIF DI DAERAH BOGOR
Authors: Koes Hardini Sri Yuniati Putri , Dewiki Santi
Published: July 2020

Merawang chicken is one of local chickensthat comes from Merawang region in the province of BangkaBelitung. It is one of the poultry that has good potentialto be used as egg producer and meat producer. There is a littleinformation about it However, the region where it comes from,it attracts a lot of attentions because it has promising potentials.The objective of this research is to identify performanceof Merawang chicken that raised in Bogor region. The resultsare the average of female body weight is 1234.1 grams, andfor the male is 1474.5 grams, length of shank is 9.7 cm andmortality is 9.6%.. The DOC weight is little bit bigger thanthat find in the original region. The results of performancewhich include body weight, length of shank, feed consumption,feed conversion and mortality are still good as produces inthe original region. Cost analyzes show that it is more benefitif the chickens used as layer than meat producer. This research gives useful additional informationon the existence of one of local chickens in Indonesia thathas potential for poultry husbandry
Analisis Profitabilitas Pada PT Unilever Indonesia, Tbk
Authors: L. Tobing Vargo Christian
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the performance of PT Unilever Indonesia as seen from the company’s ability to generate profits. The financial statements studied are financial reports that have been published on IDX. The periode of the financial statements studied is a period of 5 years, from 2014 to 2018. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the company’s ability to generate profits can be concluded very well. This is because trends resulting from profit margin ratios and return on assets show an upward trend in profits. The return on equity profit ratio does not invrease. However, the company still gets a high profit
Analisis Rasio Laporan Keuangan Untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT Bank SUMUT
Authors: Simatupang Eva Malina
Published: July 2020

This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT Bank SUMUT in terms of liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios in period 2015-2017. The type of data used in this study is secondary data, that is balance sheet and income statement. Data collection in this study uses documentation and data processing techniques using ratio analysis techniques. The conclusion of this study is in terms of its liquidity ratio, PT Bank SUMUT's financial performance is quite good, in terms of its profitability ratio, PT Bank SUMUT's financial performance is not good, and in terms of its solvency ratio, PT Bank SUMUT's financial performance is quite good.
Effects of Thermal Cycle and Ultraviolet Radiation on 3D Printed Carbon Fiber/Polyether Ether Ketone Ablator
Authors: Abdullah Farhan , Okuyama Kei-ichi , Morimitsu Akito , Yamagata Naofumi
Published: July 2020

The extreme heating environment during re-entry requires an efficient heat shield to protect a spacecraft. The current method of manufacturing a heat shield is labor intensive. The application of 3D printing can reduce cost and manufacturing time and improve the quality of a heat shield. A 3D printed carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composite was proposed as a heat shield material. The aim was to develop a heat shield and the structural member as a single structure while maintaining the necessary recession resistance. Test samples were exposed to thermal cycles and ultraviolet (UV) radiation environment. Subsequently, a tensile test was performed to evaluate the effect of thermal cycle and UV radiation on the mechanical properties. The sample’s recession performance and temperature behavior were evaluated using an arc heated wind tunnel. Exposure to thermal cycle and UV radiation have limited effect on the mechanical properties, recession behavior and temperature behavior of 3D CF/PEEK. Results from the arc heating test showed an expansion of the sample surface and better recession resistance than other existing ablator materials. Overall, 3D CF/PEEK has excellent recession resistance while maintaining mechanical properties when exposed to high temperature, thermal cycle and UV radiation.
By-Product of Cotton Agribusiness as an Alternative Protein Source for Rams
Authors: Negrão Fagton , Zanine Anderson , Ribeiro Marinaldo , Ferreira Daniele , Souza Alexandre , Parente Michelle , Parente Henrique , Geron Luiz , Lima Anny , Reis Rafael , Lins Túlio
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on intake, digestibility and fractionation of carbohydrates and proteins of cottonseed cake as an alternative protein source in rams diets. The diets were composed of corn silage, soybean meal, ground corn, urea, and cottonseed cake (0, 70, 140 and 210 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in a roughage/concentrate ratio of 50:50. Thirty-two Santa Ines rams, average age 12 months and weight 27.48 ± 4.96 kg were distributed in a completely randomised design. A reduction of 0.161 g/day in crude protein (CP) intake was observed for each gram of cottonseed cake inclusion. The intake of non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) decreased by 0.511 g/day for each gram of cottonseed cake inclusion. Similarly, the ratio between intake of DM (p = 0.034), CP (p < 0.001), NFC (p = 0.004) and body weight decreased with cottonseed cake inclusion. Inclusion of cottonseed cake caused decreases in the digestibility coefficients of DM (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001) and NFC (p = 0.002). A reduction of 0.716 g was observed in carbohydrate fraction A + B1 (p = 0.006). The inclusion of cottonseed cake in the rams feed should be carried out with caution because this by-product promotes linear reduction in intake and digestibility nutrient, in addition to modifying the amounts of digestible and indigestible fractions in the diets.
Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on the Growth of Wheat Seedlings Subjected to Phosphate Starvation
Authors: Cataldi Mariagrazia P. , Heuer Sigrid , Mauchline Tim H. , Wilkinson Mark D. , Masters-Clark Emily , Di Benedetto Nilde A. , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Flagella Zina
Published: July 2020

Certain phosphorous solubilizing (PSB) and phosphorous mineralizing (PMB) bacteria may improve plant growth by improving nutrient availability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with two Bacillus spp. strains, 12A and 25A, on wheat seedlings growth. To this aim, a durum and a bread wheat genotype were grown under controlled conditions in a low P compost medium to evaluate: (i) the effect of the bacterial isolates on plant growth and root system architecture; (ii) the expression of two key genes indicative of the P-starvation response and phosphate (Pi) uptake, TaIPS1 and TaPHT1.6-B1. The results showed that 12A Bacillus sp. significantly increased root length, surface area and biomass. Furthermore, an enhanced shoot dry weight and P content were observed. This might be explained by the capacity of strain 12A to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in addition to P mineralizing and P solubilizing capability. No effect on plant growth was observed for 25A strain. The semi-quantitative gene expression analysis showed an overall lower expression of TaIPS1 in the inoculated plants and highest expression of TaPHT1.6-B1 in 12A inoculated plants. This suggests that Pi-responsive genes might be useful molecular indicators for the effectiveness of PSB and PMB.
Twistronics in Graphene, from Transfer Assembly to Epitaxy
Authors: Wu Di , Pan Yi , Min Tai
Published: July 2020

The twistronics, which is arising from the moiré superlattice of the small angle between twisted bilayers of 2D materials like graphene, has attracted much attention in the field of 2D materials and condensed matter physics. The novel physical properties in such systems, like unconventional superconductivity, come from the dispersionless flat band that appears when the twist reaches some magic angles. By tuning the filling of the fourfold degeneracy flat bands, the desired effects are induced due to the strong correlation of the degenerated Bloch electrons. In this article, we review the twistronics in twisted bi- and multi-layer graphene (TBG and TMG), which is formed both by transfer assembly of exfoliated monolayer graphene and epitaxial growth of multilayer graphene on SiC substrates. Starting from a brief history, we then introduce the theory of flat band in TBG. In the following, we focus on the major achievements in this field: (a) van Hove singularities and charge order; (b) superconductivity and Mott insulator in TBG and (c) transport properties in TBG. In the end, we give the perspective of the rising materials system of twistronics, epitaxial multilayer graphene on the SiC.
Failure Life Prediction of Hub Bearing in Composite Tooling
Authors: Han Jeong-Woo , Kim Jeong-Gil , Moon Sang-Gon , Shin In-Kyung , Cho Seung-Je , Shin Min-Seok , Chung Woo-Jin , Son Gwan-Hee , Park Young-Jun
Published: July 2020

Composite work tools have many components, and complex shapes when compared to standard tools such as rotaries and plows. In addition, the component durability for the tools is critical because the load varies severely according to the soil conditions. This study predicts the fatigue life of the hub bearing in composite work tooling. The loads acting on the tools were measured based on field tests, and the loads acting on the hub bearing were derived using the load reconstruction method. The static safety factor and fatigue life of the hub bearing, loads, and contact stress acting on the inner and outer raceways and presence of truncation were analytically predicted based on the derived loads. The fatigue life of the bearing changed depending on the preload amount of the hub bearing. The bearing life was more than 3000 h for preloads of less than 40 μm, which satisfied the target life of 1200 h. The load acting on the inner and outer raceways of the bearing decreased and then increased as the preload amount of the bearing rose. The bearing contact area, maximum contact stress, and number of balls increased as the load applied to the hub bearing rose. The fatigue life, load, contact stress, and static safety factor of the hub bearing met all requirements, and no truncation occurred on the inner and outer raceways of the bearing. The test verified the achievement of the target life of 1200 h and confirmed that there was no breakage, cracking, or deformation of the bearing.
The Spiderweb Structure of Stratocumulus Clouds
Authors: Matheou Georgios , Davis Anthony B. , Teixeira João
Published: July 2020

Stratocumulus clouds have a distinctive structure composed of a combination of lumpy cellular structures and thin elongated regions, resembling canyons or slits. The elongated slits are referred to as “spiderweb” structure to emphasize their interconnected nature. Using very high resolution large-eddy simulations (LES), it is shown that the spiderweb structure is generated by cloud-top evaporative cooling. Analysis of liquid water path (LWP) and cloud liquid water content shows that cloud-top evaporative cooling generates relatively shallow slits near the cloud top. Most of liquid water mass is concentrated near the cloud top, thus cloud-top slits of clear air have a large impact on the entire-column LWP. When evaporative cooling is suppressed in the LES, LWP exhibits cellular lumpy structure without the elongated low-LWP regions. Even though the spiderweb signature on the LWP distribution is negligible, the cloud-top evaporative cooling process significantly affects integral boundary layer quantities, such as the vertically integrated turbulent kinetic energy, mean liquid water path, and entrainment rate. In a pair of simulations driven only by cloud-top radiative cooling, evaporative cooling nearly doubles the entrainment rate.
Climatology of the Mascarene High and Its Influence on Weather and Climate over Southern Africa
Authors: Xulu Nkosinathi G. , Chikoore Hector , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Nethengwe Nthaduleni S.
Published: July 2020

Globally, subtropical circulation in the lower troposphere is characterized by anticyclones over the oceans. Subtropical anticyclones locate over subtropical belts, modulating weather and climate patterns in those regions. The Mascarene High is an anticyclone located over the Southern Indian Ocean and has a vital role in weather and climate variability over Southern Africa. The warm Western Indian Ocean is a major source of moisture for the subcontinent also permitting tropical cyclone genesis. In this study, we review the dynamics of the Mascarene High, its interactions with the ocean, and its impact on weather and climate over Southern Africa. We also review studies on the evolution of subtropical anticyclones in a future warmer climate. The links between SST modes over the Indian Ocean and the strengthening and weakening of the Mascarene High have been demonstrated. One important aspect is atmospheric blocking due to the Mascarene High, which leads to anomalous rainfall and temperature events over the subcontinent. Blocking leads to landfall of tropical cyclones and slow propagation of cut-off lows resulting in severe weather and flooding over the subcontinent. Understanding how expansion of the Mascarene High due to warming will alter trade winds and storm tracks and change the mean climate of Southern Africa is crucial.
Jumping Sundogs, Cat’s Eye and Ferrofluids
Authors: Tufaile Alberto , Snyder Michael , Vanderelli Timm A. , Tufaile Adriana Pedrosa Biscaia
Published: July 2020

We have explored some features of the complex fluids present in Earth’s atmosphere by the observation of some optical phenomena and compared them to the optical phenomena observed in gems and magnetic materials. The main feature of a complex fluid is that it contains polyatomic structures such as polymer molecules or colloidal grains. This paper includes some setups using tabletop experiments, which are intended to show concretely the principles discussed, giving a sense of how well the idealizations treated apply to the atmospheric systems. We have explored sundogs, light pillars, and the halo formation, which involve the existence of a certain structure in the atmospheric medium, resembling the structures observed in some types of gems and ferrofluids.
Extraordinary Response of H-Charged and H-Free Coherent Grain Boundaries in Nickel to Multiaxial Loading
Authors: Šesták Petr , Černý Miroslav , Zhang Zhiliang , Pokluda Jaroslav
Published: July 2020

The cohesive strength of Σ 3, Σ 5, and Σ 11 grain boundaries (GBs) in clean and hydrogen-segregated fcc nickel was systematically studied as a function of the superimposed transverse biaxial stresses using ab initio methods. The obtained results for H-free GBs revealed a quite different response of the coherent twinning boundary Σ 3 to the applied transverse stresses in comparison to the other GB types. While the cohesive strength of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs increased with increasing level of tensile transverse stresses, the strength of Σ 3 GB remained constant for any applied levels of transverse stresses. In the case of GBs with segregated hydrogen, the cohesive strength of Σ 3 was distinctly reduced for all levels of transverse stresses, while the strength reduction of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs was significant only for a nearly isotropic (hydrostatic) triaxial loading. This extraordinary response explains a high susceptibility of Σ 3 GBs to crack initiation, as recently reported in an experimental study. Moreover, a highly triaxial stress at the fronts of microcracks initiated at Σ 3 boundaries caused a strength reduction of adjacent high-energy grain boundaries which thus became preferential sites for further crack propagation.
Puerto Morelos Coral Reefs, Their Current State and Classification by a Scoring System
Authors: Caballero-Aragón Hansel , Perera-Valderrama Susana , Cerdeira-Estrada Sergio , Martell-Dubois Raúl , Rosique-de la Cruz Laura , Álvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Estrada-Saldívar Nuria , Ressl Rainer
Published: July 2020

Marine protected areas have been established as essential components for managing and protecting coral reefs to mitigate natural and anthropogenic stressors. One noteworthy example within the Mexican Caribbean is the Arrecife de Puerto Morelos National Park (APMNP), where several studies on the coral communities have been carried out since 2006. In June 2019, we conducted a study in eight sites of the APMNP applying a coral reef assessment method based on biological indicators of both the benthos and the fish communities. In this paper, we present the quantitative results of our study and provide a qualitative criterion assessing seven condition indexes through a scoring system. We also present a statistical comparison with a previous study carried out in 2016. The general status of coral reefs was classified as regular due to the low values of coral recruitment rate and biomass of key commercial fish species. However, living coral cover average was above 20%, with a slight dominance of framework building coral species and the presence of low values of fleshy algae cover, these being positive indicators. Our study found a higher proportion of reef promoter elements and a lower proportion of detractors, compared to a previous study carried out in 2016.
The Dataset of the Experimental Evaluation of Software Components for Application Design Selection Directed by the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Gusev Alexander , Ilin Dmitry , Nikulchev Evgeny
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the swarm intelligence approach to the selection of a set of software components based on computational experiments simulating the desired operating conditions of the software system being developed. A mathematical model is constructed, aimed at the effective selection of components from the available alternative options using the artificial bee colony algorithm. The model and process of component selection are introduced and applied to the case of selecting Node.js components for the development of a digital platform. The aim of the development of the platform is to facilitate countrywide simultaneous online psychological surveys in schools in the conditions of unstable internet connection and the large variety of desktop and mobile client devices, running different operating systems and browsers. The module whose development is considered in the paper should provide functionality for the archiving and checksum verification of the survey forms and graphical data. With the swarm intelligence approach proposed in the paper, the effective set of components was identified through a directional search based on fuzzy assessment of the three experimental quality indicators. To simulate the desired operating conditions and to guarantee the reproducibility of the experiments, the virtual infrastructure was configured. The application of swarm intelligence led to reproducible results for component selection after 312 experiments instead of the 1080 experiments needed by the exhaustive search algorithm. The suggested approach can be widely used for the effective selection of software components for distributed systems operating in the given conditions at this stage of their development.
Short-Term Effect of a New Oral Sodium Hyaluronate Formulation on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Cicero Arrigo F. G. , Girolimetto Nicolò , Bentivenga Crescenzio , Grandi Elisa , Fogacci Federica , Borghi Claudio
Published: July 2020

Objective: the aim of this pilot study was to test the short-term effect of oral supplementation with a sodium hyaluronate with a large spectrum of molecular weights (FS-HA®) on the symptoms and functionality of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: 60 subjects affected by clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of symptomatic knee OA were consecutively enrolled in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. At randomization visit, at day 28 (visit 2), and day 56 (visit 3), the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Lequesne Functional Index (LFI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain (VAS-p) were administered to the enrolled patients. Then, patients were asked how many times they used rescue medications (non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs–NSAIDs and/or anti-pain drugs) during the previous 4 weeks. Finally, the range of knee joint motion (ROM) was also instrumentally measured. Results: In FS-HA® treated subjects, VAS-p, pain and total WOMAC score, LFI and ROM significantly improved compared to the baseline values (p < 0.05). At 60 days, the VAS-p and the pain WOMAC score were significantly lower after FS-HA® treatment when compared with placebo as well (p < 0.05). The FS-HA® treated subjects significantly reduced the weekly use of NSAIDs and/or antipain drugs when compared to the placebo-treated ones (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the oral supplementation with a FS-HA® characterized by a large spectrum of molecular weight was associated with a short-term improvement in symptomatology and functionality of osteoarthritis-affected knees, and associated with a reduction in the use of NSAIDS and anti-pain drugs.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Ni Alloys Processed by Fast Forging
Authors: de Rango Patricia , Wen Jing , Skryabina Nataliya , Laversenne Laetitia , Fruchart Daniel , Borges Marielle
Published: July 2020

Fast forging of compacts made up of Mg and Ni powders is shown to be an effective method to induce severe plastic deformation with improved H2 sorption properties. Here, using such processed samples, a comprehensive analysis of the sorption properties reveals that the first hydrogenation sequence significantly depends on the forging temperature, through different microstructures. More in detail, no phase transformation occurs upon cold forging, while solid-state reaction leads to the formation of the Mg2Ni intermetallic compound upon forging above 400 °C. Forging below the brittle-to-ductile transition (225–250 °C) leads to faster H2 uptake upon first absorption owing to a more textured fiber along the c-axis and internal strains which promote hydrogen diffusion through the bulk material. Desorption kinetics remain slower with low-temperature forging, despite Ni recombining to form Mg2Ni during the first desorption. After several cycles, a two-step behavior is observed with a fast absorption step occurring up to about 3 wt.%. Despite this limited uptake performance, the forging process can be considered as a straightforward, safe, and cost-efficient process to produce large amounts of Mg-based alloys for hydrogen storage. In particular, such severe plastic deformation processes can be considered as reliable substitutes for ball-milling, which is highly efficient but energy- and time-consuming.
Unraveling the Properties of Biomass-Derived Hard Carbons upon Thermal Treatment for a Practical Application in Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Saavedra Rios Carolina del Mar , Simonin Loïc , Geyer Arnaud de , Matei Ghimbeu Camelia , Dupont Capucine
Published: July 2020

Biomass is gaining increased attention as a sustainable and low-cost hard carbon (HC) precursor. However, biomass properties are often unexplored and unrelated to HC performance. Herein, we used pine, beechwood, miscanthus, and wheat straw precursors to synthesize HCs at 1000 °C, 1200 °C and 1400 °C by a two-steps pyrolysis treatment. The final physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the HC evidenced dissimilar trends, mainly influenced by the precursor’s inorganic content, and less by the thermal treatment. Pine and beechwood HCs delivered the highest reversible capacity and coulombic efficiency (CE) at 1400 °C of about 300 mAh·g−1 and 80%, respectively. This performance can be attributed to the structure derived from the high carbon purity precursors. Miscanthus and wheat straw HC performance was strongly affected by the silicon, potassium, and calcium content in the biomasses, which promoted simultaneous detrimental phenomena of intrinsic activation, formation of a silicon carbide phase, and growth of graphitic domains with temperature. The latter HCs delivered 240–200 mAh·g−1 of reversible capacity and 70–60% of CE, respectively, at 1400 °C. The biomass precursor composition, especially its inorganic fraction, seems to be a key parameter to control, for obtaining high performance hard carbon electrodes by direct pyrolysis process.
Condition-Based Maintenance for Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Kang Jichuan , Wang Zihao , Guedes Soares C.
Published: July 2020

A condition-based maintenance policy for offshore wind turbines is presented in consideration of the maintenance uncertainty and the weather effect. In this paper, the offshore wind turbine is divided into four main assemblies—namely, the rotor, gearbox, generator, and pitch system. The support vector machine classification technique is implemented to analyze the failure information, which was collected from field data in China. According to the results of fault diagnosis and prediction, the assembly that reaches the corresponding maintenance threshold will be repaired. At the same time, a maintenance opportunity occurs for the rest of the components, and an optimized plan can be determined by arranging the maintenance combination and time. The calculated results indicate that the proposed condition-based maintenance policy is beneficial to reduce the maintenance expenditure of offshore wind turbines.
A Hybrid Fault Recognition Algorithm Using Stockwell Transform and Wigner Distribution Function for Power System Network with Solar Energy Penetration
Authors: Kulshrestha Atul , Mahela Om Prakash , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Gupta Neeraj , Patel Nilesh , Senjyu Tomonobu , Danish Mir Sayed Shah , Khosravy Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Penetration level of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in the utility network is steadily increasing. This changes the fault level and causes protection problems. Furthermore, multi-tapped structure of distribution network deployed to integrate solar PV energy to the grid and supplying loads at the same time also raised the protection challenges. Hence, this manuscript is aimed at introducing an algorithm to identify and classify the faults incident on the network of utilities where penetration level of the solar PV energy is high. This fault recognition algorithm is implemented in four steps: (1) calculation of Stockwell transform-based fault index (STFI) (2) calculation of Wigner distribution function-based fault index (WDFI) (3) calculation of combined fault index (CFI) by multiplying STFI and WDFI (4) calculation of index for ground fault (IGF) used to recognize the involvement of ground in a fault event. The STFI has the merits that its performance is least affected by the noise associated with the current signals and it is effective in identification of the waveform distortions. The WDFI employs energy density of the current signals for estimation of the faults and takes care of the current magnitude. Hence, CFI has the merit that it considers the current magnitude as well as waveform distortion for recognition of the faults. The classification of faults is achieved using the number of faulty phases. An index for ground fault (IGF) based on currents of zero sequence is proposed to classify the two phase faults with and without the ground engagement. Investigated faults include phase to ground, two phases fault without involving ground, two phases fault involving ground and three phase fault. Fault recognition algorithm is tested for fault recognition with the presence of noise, various angles of fault incidence, different impedances involved during faulty event, hybrid lines consisting of overhead line (OHL) and underground cable (UGC) sections, and location of faults on all nodes of the test grid. Fault recognition algorithm is also tested to discriminate the transients due to switching operations of feeders, loads and capacitor banks from the faulty transients. Performance of the fault recognition algorithm is compared with the algorithms based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Stockwell transform (ST) and hybrid combination of alienation coefficient and Wigner distribution function (WDF). Effectiveness of the fault recognition algorithm is established using a detailed study on the IEEE-13 nodes test feeder modified to incorporate solar PV plant of capacity 1 MW in MATLAB/Simulink. Algorithm is also validated on practical utility grid of Rajasthan State of India.