bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Asessment Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Berbasis Computer Based Test (CBT) pada Mata Kuliah Prinsip Pengajaran dan Asesmen yang Efektif
Authors: Tibrani Mgs , Madang Kodri , Anggraini Nike
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to produce a Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) assessment product based on a Computer Based Test (CBT) with three types of HOTS questions (true or false, multiple choice, and fill in the blank and matching) based on the factual knowledge dimension, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive with illustrations in the form of discourse, images, graphics, videos, animations, and interactive stimulation, as well as providing feedback after going through the logical validation, empirical validation, and respondent questionnaire stages. The CBT-based HOTS assessment product was implemented for PPG students, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sriwijaya University in the Principles of Effective Teaching and Assessment course with R&D research steps. The product trial subjects in this research were limited to a small scale, namely 8 PPG Pre-Service Biology Education Study Program students, FKIP, Sriwijaya University. The technique for selecting product trial subjects in this research is the cluster sampling technique, namely a sampling method based on certain clusters. The data collection technique uses expert validation sheets and respondent questionnaires, then the data collected is analyzed quantitatively descriptively. Data obtained from questionnaires and scientific communication skills were analyzed using a rating scale. To analyze each statement or indicator, the frequency of answers for each category (answer choices) is calculated and added up. The development of HOTS questions based on the Computer Based Test in the Principles of Effective Teaching and Assessment course is based on two validation values from the validator, namely 81%, meaning that the material and language that has been designed by the researcher is valid and suitable for use. Apart from that, HOTS test questions are said to be practical if the score on the practicality criteria is at least 75%. Based on the results of the student response questionnaire, a score of 91.81% was obtained.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Bridelia micranth Lombok pada Escherichia coli
Authors: Bayani Faizul , Sudiana Endang , Hamdani Ade Sukma , Wahyuni Ida , Mujaddid Jamilul , Hulyadi Hulyadi
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to identify the antibacterial activity of Bridelia micranth Lombok extract on the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. The independent variable in this study was the concentration of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract. The concentration of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract in this study was varied from 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The dependent variable is the ability of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract as an antibacterial. The antibacterial ability of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract was measured based on the diameter of the clear zone with three repetitions. As a comparison, an antibacterial is used, namely amoxicillin. Data analysis in this research was carried out descriptively, and then non-parametric tests were carried out to test the homogeneity of the data. In this study, the antibacterial ability of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract was discovered. At a concentration of 20%, the average diameter of the inhibitory zone was 2.5 mm which was categorized as none (resistance), 40% concentration was 9.83 mm in the non-existent category (resistance), 60% concentration was 13.66 in the weak category (intermediate), and at a concentration of 80% 16.5 mm is in the medium (sensitive) category. The research results indicated that Bridelia micrantha leaf extract had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. When compared with amoxicillin, the ability of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract as an antibacterial is still lower. Amoxicillin was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli by 18.13 mm, while the highest ability of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract was 16.5 mm. Based on Ministry of Health regulations, antibacterials can be used if the inhibition zone is between 14-18 mm. So, Bridelia micrantha leaf extract can be used as an antibacterial, but it needs to be tested further before being applied to the public.
Development of 'Smart Egg Puzzle' as An Innovative Learning Media in Introducing Numbers to Early Childhood
Authors: Inkasari Rizka Febrilia , Kharismawati Indah , Priatiningsih Selasi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop a ‘smart egg puzzle’ as an innovative learning media to introduce numbers to 5-6-year-old children at TK Lab.School IKIP PGRI Jember. This research method used research and development with the ADDIE model, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The instruments used in this study included validation instruments, response questionnaires, pretests, and posttests. Quantitative data analysis was processed by presenting percentages using the Likert scale as a measurement scale. Expert validation in media and material has been conducted to assess the feasibility of developing the 'smart egg puzzle' learning media. Practicality testing was performed by evaluating practicality questionnaire sheets conducted by teachers. Effectiveness testing was carried out using pretests and posttests, with the first test conducted before using the 'smart egg puzzle' media (pretest) and the second test conducted after using the 'smart egg puzzle' media (posttest). The results of this study indicated that the ‘smart egg puzzle’ was found to be highly valid, with an 88.75% validation rate from media experts and an 83.92% validation rate from material experts. Additionally, practical assessments by teachers indicated that the learning media was very practical, with an average score of 90.38%. The effectiveness of the ‘smart egg puzzle’ was tested with pretests and posttests, showing a significant improvement in students' number recognition skills. Developing the ‘smart egg puzzle’ was effective and met the validity, practicality, and effectiveness criteria, making it a suitable learning tool for students at TK Lab.School IKIP PGRI Jember.
Reformulation of The Post-Pandemic Learning System in Responding the Challenges of Lost Learning and Lost Generation
Authors: Kasman Kasman , Nasution Marlian Arif , Rahmat Paisal , Wahyudi Ade Arga
Published: January 2024

This study aims to reformulate the post-pandemic learning system at UIN Imam Bonjol and UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addari in responding to the challenges of lost learning and lost generation. This research used a qualitative approach with a multi-case study method. Participants in this study were selected by purposive sampling, namely institutional field, and academic leaders, LPM, lecturers and students. Data collection techniques using focus group discussions and interviews. The data analysis technique was carried out with individual and cross-case analyses. The research findings stated that the pandemic affected the learning system, for example, through changes in student attitudes, low motivation in learning, readiness of teaching materials, limited ability to use technology, and network disruption. Policies related to the implementation of distance learning bring challenges that must be faced by UIN Imam Bonjol and UIN Syahada, including determining learning goals, adapting the learning system, adjusting the characteristics of lecturers and students, as well as the need for learning facilities. UIN Imam Bonjol and UIN Syahada reformulated the learning system by implementing the hybrid learning system to anticipate the occurrence of lost learning. Lecturers and students responded positively to the new learning system policy, in line with the benefits obtained, for example, flexibility in learning, students are used to self-study, digital-based learning materials, still respect face-to-face learning, flipped learning innovation, curriculum appropriate to the industrial era 4.0, and the implementation of an independent curriculum.
Education Quality and Performance Based on Balanced Scorecard in Junior High School : A Case Study at SMPN 8 Insumbrei Supiori Regency, Papua
Authors: Yulianingsih Yulianingsih , Ismanto Bambang , Wasitohadi Wasitohadi
Published: January 2024

This research aims to analyze the performance and quality of education based on the four perspectives of the balanced Scorecard at Junior high school (SMPN) 8 Insumbrei, Supiori Regency, Papua. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study method utilizing the Balanced Scorecard perspectives, including the financial, customer, internal business, and growth and learning perspectives. The research subjects included 27 individuals, consisting of 9 teachers, 10 students, and 8 community members. Data collection techniques involved documentation analysis, questionnaires, and interviews. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing interactive data analysis involving data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The research findings showed that: 1) from a financial perspective, in economic terms, effectiveness and efficiency score 4 with a good category, 2) from a customer perspective, it scores 4 with a good category, 3) based on the internal business perspective, the measurement results show a score of 3 with enough category, and 4) from a learning and growth perspective, it scores 4 with a good category.
Non-royal Belamin Tradition Based on Adult Education : A Phenomenological Study of Kampong Banjar Ketapang, West Kalimantan
Authors: Wardani Nabila , Sukmawan Sony
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explore the various roles of the non-royal belamin tradition in upholding adult education principles in Kampong Banjar, West Kalimantan. The study employed a phenomenological method with a qualitative approach. Data in this study were in the form of cultural behavior, describing the beliefs, history, and equipment of the non-royal belamin tradition from specific informants, the customary leader, and the implementer. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The analysis used an interactive model with reduction stages, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed that the non-royal belamin tradition embodied four principles of adult education: (1) Life value-based learning, (2) Experience-based learning, (3) Topic-based learning relevant to life; (4) Problem-centered learning. Notably, the noble Islamic values demonstrated in this tradition encompass religious and social values. The values with the most profound impact on adult education in this tradition were al-ukhuwah (caring) and al-munfiqun (high awareness of helping others). Through the embodiment of these solid traditional values, harmony was consistently maintained.
Türk ve Amerikan Hukuklarında Canlandırmama Talimatının (DNR) Hukuki Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇAVDAR Pelin
Published: January 2024

Amerikan hukukunda hasta kalbi veya solunumu durduğunda kendisine kalp masajı yapılarak (CPR) yeniden canlandırma yapılmamasını (DNR) talep etme hakkına sahiptir. Özellikle kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı, onurlu yaşama hakkı ve hasta özerkliğine saygı gösterilmesi gibi tıp hukukuna egemen olan temel ilkeler dikkate alınarak hastaya böyle bir imkân tanınmaktadır. Amerika’da hastanın DNR taleplerinin hukuki geçerliliği için aranan şekil eyaletlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Amerika’da DNR talepleri büyük çoğunlukla hastanın/yasal temsilcinin talebiyle ve tıbbi yararsızlık söz konusu olduğunda düzenlenmektedir. DNR talimatlarının uygun kullanımına yönelik ilkeler de hekim ve hastaya yol gösterici niteliktedir. Türk hukukunda ise, DNR taleplerinin yasal bir geçerliliği bulunmamaktadır ve konu oldukça tartışmalıdır. Doktrinde konu hekimin mesleki özerkliği, hastanın kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı, hastanın tedaviyi reddetme hakkı ve pasif ötanazi çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Ancak pasif ötanazi ile sınırının çizilmemesi sebebiyle DNR talimatını uygulayan hekimin hukuki ve cezai sorumluluğu doğabilmektedir. Literatürdeki mevcut araştırmacılar, tıp hukuku ilkeleri ve etiği dikkate alınarak DNR talimatlarına geçerlilik tanınmasının ve Türk hukukunda da yasal bir zemine oturulmasının hekim ve hasta açısından daha uygun olacağı kanaatini taşımaktadırlar.
Pengaruh Filler Plastik dan Optimasi Faktor Proses Produksi Cellular Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Febri Endya Maharani , Ary Wahyudie Ilham , Sukanto Sukanto
Published: January 2024

The use of plastic has become a common thing in different lives. The effect of using these plastic products is to create plastic waste. As the population increases, the accumulation of plastic waste will increase. So that it can be done by applying the 3R method, namely reduce, reuse, and recycle. Plastic waste is used as a lightweight brick reinforcement material. This study aimed to determine the factors that most influence the density value of cellular lightweight concrete with plastic filler and optimize the production process. The method used is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental design was chosen Central Composite Design with three factors. The independent variables used in this study were the amount of plastic, the fraction of sand: cement, and the volume of water. The amount of plastic used is 2 grams, 3 grams, and 4 grams. The fraction of sand:cement was 4:3, 3.3:2, and 2:1. The volume of water used was 60 mL, 80 mL, and 100 mL. The results of this study indicate that the optimal value for the density of lightweight bricks is found in the amount of plastic of 7.745 grams, the fraction of sand:cement is 5.8:2, and the volume of water is 139.509 mL. The surface response from the second-order equation is the saddle point with the optimal point at the stationary point. The stationary points obtained are 2.821, 2.726, and 1.769. The research analysis results show that the independent variable that most influence the density value is the fraction of sand: cement.
Optimasi Parameter Produk 3D Printing Terhadap Kekuatan Bending Dengan Menggunakan Filamen Nylon
Authors: Fadhil Irfan , Hasdiansah Hasdiansah , Anggry Adhe
Published: January 2024

3D Printing or additive manufacturing is a new technology for the industry. The machine has created an object for 3D layer by layer that makes a product with accurate dimensions and certain patterns, as the technology developed, the manufacturing industry began to develop products using additive material methods known as rapid prototyping or layer manufacturing, one of which was the use of 3D printer technology. This research was conducted on a 3D Printing FDM model Ender 3 Pro with dimensions 220 mm x 220 mm x 250 mm and using a nozzle with a 0,4 mm diameter. The material for this research is Nylon 6 with a diameter of 1,75 mm with variations in Layer Thickness (0,21 mm 0,24mm 0,27 mm), Infill Pattern (Rectilinear, Grid, Wiggle), Z-Orientation (0°,15°,30°) which will be determined in Ultimaker Cura 4.4.0 software and Taguchi Method in software minitab19.1. resulting in OA L9 with 3 times replication printed sample. The results obtained after testing the highest bending stress values are found in the 9th specimen which is 16,7 MPa average with 0,27 Layer Thickness, Wiggle Infill Pattern, and 15° Z-Orientation. While the lowest bending stress values are found in the 4th specimen which is 12,7 MPa average with 0,24mm Layer Thickness, Rectilinear Infill Pattern, and 15° Z-Orientation.
Tolerance to fluctuating currents in farmed Atlantic salmon: a novel method to simulate offshore wave effects in the laboratory
Authors: Athammer RR , Oppedal F , Hvas M
Published: January 2024

To ensure acceptable animal welfare in emerging offshore Atlantic salmon aquaculture, it is crucial to understand the biological limits of the fish. Much work has been done on the effects of water currents, but few studies exist on waves, owing to logistical limitations. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish a method to replicate wave-like fluctuating water currents in the laboratory and quantify tolerance limits in salmon. To accomplish this, a swim tunnel system was modified so that current speeds could be programmed to automatically alternate between minimum and peak speeds of a desired magnitude and interval. The critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was subsequently measured in salmon of ~800 g as a baseline from which standardized tests of fluctuating currents could be prescribed. Fluctuating current trials were then performed using minimum speeds of 20% Ucrit and peak speeds of 80, 100, 120, and 140% Ucrit, and cycles of 0.5, 1, and 2 min. Fish were tested for 4 h or until they fatigued. All fish at 80 and 100% Ucrit endured 4 h of fluctuating currents. However, at 120% Ucrit, only 17% completed the test, and at 140% Ucrit, all fish became fatigued within 1.5 h, thus defining acute limits to fluctuating peak speeds. Wave interval did not affect fatigue times significantly. In conclusion, a novel method is introduced here to assess tolerances to various wave-like environments, showing that salmon can endure ~20% higher peak speeds in dynamic fluctuating currents when compared to known swimming capacities at constant speeds.
Holistic Care of the Immunocompromised Rheumatologic Patient – Case Analysis
Authors: Moir Hannah
Published: January 2024

Patients with rheumatologic conditions, such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often face being immunocompromised due to their disease state, or the immunosuppressive effect of their treatments. Managing immunocompromised rheumatologic patients can be challenging and complex.

This article reviews a GSK-sponsored Innovation Theatre session that took place during the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Convergence 2023 Annual Meeting in San Diego, California, USA, on 14th November 2023.

Kevin Winthrop, Professor of Infectious Diseases at the School of Medicine at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU); and Professor of Public Health at OHSU-Portland State University (PSU) School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA, provided insights into the immunocompromised patient within rheumatology. He considered the challenges of associated comorbidities, diagnosis, and implementing preventative measures.

Leonard Calabrese, Professor of Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University; Director of Clinical Immunology of the R.J. Fasenmyer Center; and Vice Chairman at the Department of Rheumatic & Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, presented an interactive patient case overview of EGPA. He identified the need for practitioners to take ownership of patients with serious and opportunistic infections.

The session provided awareness of the origins of immunocompromised states, including disease pathophysiology and treatments. It also explained the increased risks of opportunistic infections among patients with rheumatological conditions, due to their disease and treatment. Additionally, it identified the need for holistic approaches in the management of those patients living with immunocompromising conditions.
A Mud Doctor Checking Out the Earth Underneath: Ruminations on Malick’s Days of Heaven and Loht’s Phenomenology of Film
Authors: Wirth Jason M.
Published: January 2024

This is a philosophical rumination on Shawn Loht’s important extension of “film as philosophy” into a Heideggerian phenomenological account of the philosophical response that cinema can engender. After considering the importance of these kinds of approaches, I turn to Loht’s phenomenological engagement with Terrence Malick’s early masterpiece, Days of Heaven (1978). After sympathetically reviewing his “interpretation”, I expand upon its delineation of “earth and world” to include the “fallenness” of the world as well as the possibility of a metanōetic awakening to the vocation of “mud doctor”, that is, to heal the rift between earth and world, a rift made more exigent by world war, economic exploitation, and the ecological catastrophe of the Anthropocene.
Edukasi “Tuberkulosis Bukan Kutukan” Guna Menurunkan Stigmatisasi TB Ditengah Masyarakat
Authors: Zulfa Ilil Maidatuz , Handayani Widya
Published: January 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that still be the leading cause of mortality  worldwide. In Indonesia, the success treatment rate still below the standard set by WHO. One of the factors contributed to the success treatment rate is patients medication adherence while the factors affected patients medication adherence are patients knowledge, social support and public stigma. Negative stigma on patients TB could be reduced by public education and campaign. This community service was aimed to educate public in order to eliminate negative stigma on TB patients. A total of 82 participants joined the event. 63 of them had filled the stigma questionnaire. The results showed that there was an increase in number of participants who had positive perpective on TB patients. A continuous campaign and public education will reduce the stigmatitation on TB patients.
Ex Ante Immigration Policy: How Local Politics Anticipate Future Flows
Authors: Lee Diana Da In , Bisbee James
Published: January 2024

Scholarly work on the politics of immigration in the United States has focused primarily on the influence of local demographics. Less understood are the ways in which local governments respond to demographic changes beyond the city limit. We hypothesize that local governments anticipate future influxes of immigrants from neighboring localities and adjust policies ex ante in order to constrain their movement before it can occur. We predict variation in anti-immigrant legislation as a function of proximity to nearby immigrant populations and find that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of foreign-born populations in a city's surrounding areas doubles the likelihood that a city considers a restrictive policy. The effect is more pronounced when neighboring immigrants originate from Latin America than from other regions. We also find suggestive evidence that knowledge of adjacent foreign born populations is transmitted via commuting patterns as neighboring populations commute into cities for work.
BANTUAN TEKNIS PENDAMPINGAN PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN PENGEMBANGAN TPQ MASJID AL-ISHLAH DI KELURAHAN DINOYO, KECAMATAN LOWOKWARU KOTA MALANG
Authors: Sumardi Sumardi , Riskiyah Indah Ria , Anggraini Novita , Jatu Radhia , Utoyo Suselo , Zettyara Devi
Published: January 2024

Masjid Al-Ishlah berlokasi di Jl. MT. Haryono VI/834 Kel. Dinoyo Kec. Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Bangunan masjid ini terdiri dari dua lantai yaitu luas bangunan lantai satu 250 m2 dan lantai dua 200 m2. Dengan luas bangunan tersebut, Masjid Al-Ishlah dapat menampung jama’ah sholat sekitar 350 jama’ah. Masjid ini akan dibangun Taman Pendidikan Quran (TPQ) yang diperuntukkan untuk anak – anak di lingkungan wilayah RW 02 Kelurahan Dinoyo. Fasilitas yang memadai dari TPQ, akan menunjang kegiatan santri dalam proses menimba ilmu agama. Namun, fasilitas ruang kelas dan tempat bermain di TPQ Masjid Al-Ishlah belum memadai karena TPQ ini merupakan organisasi non profit yang tidak membebankan biaya pendidikan kepada orangtua santri. Selama ini fasilitas yang dibangun menjadi tanggung jawab masyarakat dan para donatur masjid. Demi memenuhi kebutuhan fasilitas pendidikan agama Islam anak – anak khususnya di lingkungan wilayah RW 02 Kelurahan Dinoyo maka, warga berencana untuk melakukan pembangunan pengembangan TPQ di Masjid Al-Ishlah. Dalam perencanaan pembangunan suatu infrastruktur bangunan harus dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien. Agar hal tersebut bisa tercapai, maka diperlukan suatu strategi berupa penyusunan jadwal pekerjaan yang dituangkan dalam Kurva S serta melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap kegiatan pelaksanaan pembangunan pengembangan Masjid Al-Ishlah agar sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Sebagai implementasi pelaksanaan Tridharma perguruan tinggi, kegiatan PPM ini fokus pada perencanaan penyusunan jadwal pekerjaan dalam Kurva S dan melakukan pendampingan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap kegiatan pelaksanaan pekerjaan struktur beton bertulang (pondasi, sloof, kolom, balok dan pelat lantai) pembangunan pengembangan Masjid Al-Ishlah.
The influence of institutional characteristics on implementing school-based universal addiction prevention: a Hungarian mixed-methods nationwide study on the state of implementation, barriers, and facilitators
Authors: Árva Dorottya , Vokó Zoltán , Sápi Mária , Cselkó Zsuzsa , Rákosy Zsuzsa
Published: January 2024

Background

In Hungary, as in other European countries, substance and behavioral addictions are an increasing problem among children and adolescents. Schools play a vital role in providing the knowledge and skills needed to prevent addictions. However, various factors influence the overall effectiveness of such efforts. To design more effective preventive interventions, it is necessary to evaluate existing programs and identify possible points to intervene. Our aim was to assess the current state of addiction prevention in Hungarian schools, identify barriers, and explore facilitators that contribute to the successful implementation of addiction prevention.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional survey-based quantitative study was performed to investigate the implementation of addiction prevention in Hungarian elementary schools (N = 2,892). With the participation of 37 teachers from 21 elementary schools, a focus group-based qualitative study was conducted to investigate teachers’ perspectives on such programs and ways to improve them.

Results

Among the addiction topics, alcohol (61.9%), smoking (73.6%), and drug use (71.3%) were the most covered themes. Problematic use of the internet and electronic devices was addressed in 60.9% of the schools, while gaming and gambling were addressed in only 18.9%. Of schools, 55.1% reported having regular programs to support pupils’ mental health, and this differed significantly by school type and size. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the type of school, the support for teachers’ work, and the diversity of implementers were significantly associated with the quality of implementation of addiction prevention. The qualitative study showed that addiction prevention is hindered by inappropriate family or teacher models, increased workloads, and challenges in collaborating with colleagues and parents. According to the teachers, they can do the most for the health of children at school, but they need support for effective implementation.

Conclusion

Our results indicate the importance of school characteristics in addiction prevention implementation and call for the support and empowerment of teachers and greater organizational capacity to ensure the effectiveness of school-based addiction prevention activities. By understanding these barriers and facilitators, policymakers and educators can develop evidence-based strategies to improve the effectiveness of prevention programs.
Applying negative sample denoising and multi-view feature for lncRNA-disease association prediction
Authors: Yao Dengju , Zhang Bo , Li Xiangkui , Zhan Xiaojuan , Zhan Xiaorong , Zhang Binbin
Published: January 2024

Increasing evidence indicates that mutations and dysregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of complex human diseases. Computational methods for predicting the association between lncRNAs and diseases have gained increasing attention. However, these methods face two key challenges: obtaining reliable negative samples and incorporating lncRNA-disease association (LDA) information from multiple perspectives. This paper proposes a method called NDMLDA, which combines multi-view feature extraction, unsupervised negative sample denoising, and stacking ensemble classifier. Firstly, an unsupervised method (K-means) is used to design a negative sample denoising module to alleviate the imbalance of samples and the impact of potential noise in the negative samples on model performance. Secondly, graph attention networks are employed to extract multi-view features of both lncRNAs and diseases, thereby enhancing the learning of association information between them. Finally, lncRNA-disease association prediction is implemented through a stacking ensemble classifier. Existing research datasets are integrated to evaluate performance, and 5-fold cross-validation is conducted on this dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that NDMLDA achieves an AUC of 0.9907and an AUPR of 0.9927, with a 5-fold cross-validation variance of less than 0.1%. These results outperform the baseline methods. Additionally, case studies further illustrate the model’s potential in cancer diagnosis and precision medicine implementation.
Molecular epidemiological investigation of G6PD deficiency in Yangjiang region, western Guangdong province
Authors: Liang Hong-Feng , Cao Yan-Bin , Lin Fen , Yang Yi-Kang , Liao Yu-Wei , Ou Wei-Hao , Chen Jin-Ling , Zeng Yan-Qing , Huang Yu-Chan , Zeng Guang-Kuan , Chen Zhi-Xiao , Situ Jing-Wei , Yao Jin-Xiu , Yang Li-Ye
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency has not been reported in Yangjiang, a western city in Guangdong province. This study aims to investigate the molecular characteristics of G6PD deficiency in this region.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from adults at a local hospital to screen for G6PD deficiency. The deficient samples were subjected to further analysis using PCR and reverse dot blot to determine the specific G6PD variants.

Results: Among the 3314 male subjects, 250 cases of G6PD deficiency were found using the G6PD enzyme quantitative assay, resulting in a prevalence of 7.54% (250/3314) in the Yangjiang region. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in females was 3.42% (176/5145). Out of the 268 cases of G6PD deficiency tested for G6PD mutations, reverse dot blot identified 20 different G6PD variants. The most common G6PD variant was c.1388G>A (81/268), followed by c.1376G>T (48/268), c.95A>G (32/268), c.1024C>T (9/268), c.392G>T (7/268), and c.871G>A/c.1311C>T (6/268). It was observed that c.871G>A was always linked to the polymorphism of c.1311C>T in this population.

Conclusion: This investigation into G6PD deficiency in this area is expected to significantly improve our understanding of the prevalence and molecular characterization of this condition.
Pre-lacteal feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with children under the age of two years in Dubti town, Afar region, North East Ethiopia: a community based mixed study design
Authors: Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
Published: January 2024

Background

Pre-lacteal feeding prevents the early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. It is understudied in Afar, a pastoral region in northeast Ethiopia. The study assessed the prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with children under the age of two years in Dubti, North East Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based mixed-study design was employed. A systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 370 study participants for the quantitative study, while purposive sampling was used to select 17 study participants for the qualitative study. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent variables and dependent variable. The results of logistic regression analysis were presented as an odd ratio with a 95% CI. A P-value <0.05 was used as a cutoff point to determine statistical significance. The qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results

Pre-lacteal feeding was practiced by 36% of mothers. Afar ethnicity (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.1), an extended family size (≥5) (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02–2.9), a birth interval of less than 2 years (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.59–4.82), the first birth order of an indexed child (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.14–7.0), male-indexed children (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.67–5.2), and no antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.67), or once or twice antenatal visits were significantly associated with pre-lacteal feeding practice. Breastfeeding counseling (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) and delivery at a health institution (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.17–0.55) were protective factors of pre-lacteal feeding practice. The most common pre-lacteal foods were dairy products, water, and certain plant species. Cultural beliefs are the main reason for practicing these pre-lacteal feedings.

Conclusion

A significant number of study participants practiced prelacteal feeding. A public health campaign emphasizing the importance of antenatal care follow-ups should be initiated. Breastfeeding counseling and delivery in a health facility should also be strengthened. Community health education about the disadvantages of pre-lacteal feeding practices should be provided to reduce traditional beliefs.
Recent advances in understanding the human host immune response in tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Barnacle James R. , Davis Angharad G. , Wilkinson Robert J.
Published: January 2024

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of tuberculosis, causes death in approximately 25% cases despite antibiotic therapy, and half of survivors are left with neurological disability. Mortality and morbidity are contributed to by a dysregulated immune response, and adjunctive host-directed therapies are required to modulate this response and improve outcomes. Developing such therapies relies on improved understanding of the host immune response to TBM. The historical challenges in TBM research of limited in vivo and in vitro models have been partially overcome by recent developments in proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, and the use of these technologies in nested substudies of large clinical trials. We review the current understanding of the human immune response in TBM. We begin with M. tuberculosis entry into the central nervous system (CNS), microglial infection and blood-brain and other CNS barrier dysfunction. We then outline the innate response, including the early cytokine response, role of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes, eicosanoids and specialised pro-resolving mediators. Next, we review the adaptive response including T cells, microRNAs and B cells, followed by the role of the glutamate-GABA neurotransmitter cycle and the tryptophan pathway. We discuss host genetic immune factors, differences between adults and children, paradoxical reaction, and the impact of HIV-1 co-infection including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Promising immunomodulatory therapies, research gaps, ongoing challenges and future paths are discussed.
Study on the distribution and habitat suitability of seagrass in the Northern Chinese Seas
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Ma Qiaofeng , Liang Shuxiu , Liu Yu-an , Liu Liming , Huang Chao , Chen Kexin , Hou Wenhao
Published: January 2024

Seagrass plays an important role in global coastal ecosystems but is among the least conserved marine ecosystems. The Northern Chinese Seas have abundant seagrasses. However, the limited information on their distribution and habitat suitability has hindered seagrass conservation and restoration in this area. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was developed to study the distribution and habitat suitability of seagrasses. First, the model was developed using seagrass occurrence points and environmental variables data. The predictions were visualized using ArcGIS to create a map of potential seagrass distribution. Next, the Jackknife analysis tool and contribution rate were used to identify and quantify the dominant environmental variables. The predictions were analyzed to quantify the suitable range of the dominant environmental variables and determine the conditions for seagrass habitat suitability in the study area. Finally, the predictions were re-analyzed. By coupling the previous predictions and re-analysis results, the areas and suggestions for seagrass conservation and restoration were identified and recommended. The results indicated the predictions of the model were highly reliable, with a total potential seagrasses distribution area was 3,296.47 km2 in the study area. The distance from the shore, transparency, substrate type, SST, and nitrate concentration were identified as the dominant environmental variables. Seagrasses habitat suitability was high in study area when the distance from the shore was < 210 m, the SST was around 11 ~ 25°C, the substrate type was sandy with high mud content, the substrate particle size was around 35 ~ 330 µm, the transparency was around 0.7 ~ 1.5 m, and the nitrate concentration was< 6.4 mol·m-3. This was the first study in which seagrasses were investigated and predicted in the Northern Chinese Seas, and their potential distribution and suitable habitat conditions were assessed. Our work will not only provide fundamental information for coastal seagrass ecosystem management, but also serve as a method to support the conservation and restoration of seagrasses.
Shear bearing capacity calculation of low-rise SFRC shear wall with CFST columns based on simplified softened strut and tie model
Authors: You Peibo , Li Li , Qin Yapeng , Wang Yi , Yang Qingjie , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2024

In the paper, an innovative shear wall, which is referred to as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns, is introduced, based on the high bearing capacity and large stiffness of concrete filled steel tube column (CFSTC) and good cracking resistance and strong toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The loading mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall (SFRCSW) with concrete filled steel tube columns is analyzed, and shear bearing capacity calculation method. A simplified model of the steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall web softening tension bar is proposed, concrete and distributed web reinforcement to the shear bearing capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall web is identified. Furthermore, a new algorithm to obtain the shear bearing capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns is established, and then it is validated by using the test results of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns under low-cycle repeated loading. The results showed that all tested shear wall specimens exhibited obvious shear failure characteristics and a typical diagonal cracking pattern after test. The steel fibers obviously improved the crack forms of the steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall web and the seismic behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns. In addition, the proposed calculation method is scientific and accurate to analyze and predict the shear bearing capacity of low-rise steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns.
Case report: mixed large-cell neuroendocrine and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver
Authors: Gao Xin , Wang Heng , Niu Zheyu , Liu Meng , Kong Xiaohan , Sun Hongrui , Ma Chaoqun , Zhu Huaqiang , Lu Jun , Zhou Xu
Published: January 2024

Background

Cases of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are very rare. Based on the microscopic characteristics, mixed HCC-NEC tumors can be divided into collision type and combined type. We report a patient with both collision and combined type HCC-NEC tumor at the same time.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old man with hepatitis B and cirrhosis was found to have two masses in segment 5 and segment 8 of the liver, respectively. Preoperative imaging diagnosis was primary liver cancer. Indocyanine green retention test (ICG R15) <10% suggested that the patient can tolerate surgery. Partial hepatectomy was performed under the guidance of 3D reconstruction. Postoperative pathology showed that most of the tumors in S5 were large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (90%), and a small part were hepatocellular carcinoma (10%). The tumor in S8 of the liver was diagnosed as HCC combined with immunohistochemistry. After surgery, the patient underwent genetic testing, which indicated mutations in TP53 gene. The test of immune markers of the sample suggest that the patient may benefit little from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy protocol to the patient following their surgery. Eight month later after the operation, Enhanced CT showed there was no recurrence or metastasis of the tumor.

Conclusion

The case at hand augments the understanding of HCC-NEC mixed tumors, offering pivotal insights into their precise diagnosis and treatment modalities. Furthermore, we document a favorable prognosis, marked by an absence of recurrence signs thus far—a rarity in comparable instances. This enlightenment stands to facilitate the handling of ensuing cases and enhance patient prognoses.
Application and optimization of prostate-specific antigen screening strategy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Zhengchao , Tian Aimin , Che Jizhong , Miao Yandong , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Yangyang , Xu Yankai
Published: January 2024

Currently, prostate cancer (PCa) poses a global risk to the well-being of males. Over the past few years, the utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has become prevalent in the identification and management of PCa, which has promoted a large number of patients with advanced PCa to receive timely treatment and reduce the mortality. Nevertheless, the utilization of PSA in PCa screening has sparked debate, and certain research has validated the potential for overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with PSA screening. Hence, in order to decrease the mortality rate of PCa patients and prevent unnecessary diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to carefully choose the suitable population and strategy for PSA screening in PCa. In this systematic review, the clinical studies on PSA screening for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa were thoroughly examined. The review also delved into the effects and mechanisms of PSA screening on the prognosis of PCa patients, examined the factors contributing to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, and put forth strategies for optimization. The objective of this research is to offer valuable recommendations regarding the utilization of PSA screening for the detection and management of PCa.
Predictors based on cuproptosis closely related to angiogenesis predict colorectal cancer recurrence
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhang Yingru , Feng Yuanyuan , Hu Xueqing , Bi Ling , Zhu Huirong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2024

Up to one-third of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience recurrence after radical surgery, and it is still very difficult to assess and predict the risk of recurrence. Angiogenesis is the key factor of recurrence as metastasis of CRC is closely related to copper metabolism. Expression profiling by microarray from two datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was selected for quality control, genome annotation, normalization, etc. The identified angiogenesis-derived and cuproptosis-related Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and clinical data were screened and used as predictors to construct a Cox regression model. The stability of the model was evaluated, and a nomogram was drawn. The samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the linear prediction of the model, and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. In this study, a model was established to predict the postoperative recurrence of colon cancer, which exhibits a high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the negative correlation between cuproptosis and angiogenesis was validated in colorectal cancer cell lines and the expression of lncRNAs in vitro was examined.
A cohort profile of the Graham Roberts study cohort
Authors: Russell Beth , Leech Poppy , Wylie Harriet , Moss Charlotte Louise , Haire Anna , Enting Deborah , Amery Suzanne , Chatterton Kathryn , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Thurairaja Ramesh , Nair Rajesh , Malde Sachin , Smith Kate , Gillett Cheryl , Josephs Debra , Pintus Elias , Rudman Sarah , Hughes Simon , Relton Clare , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The Graham Roberts Study was initiated in 2018 and is the first Trials Within Cohorts (TwiCs) study for bladder cancer. Its purpose is to provide an infrastructure for answering a breadth of research questions, including clinical, mechanistic, and supportive care centred questions for bladder cancer patients.

Participants

All consented patients are those aged 18 or older, able to provide signed informedconsent and have a diagnosis of new or recurrent bladder cancer. All patients are required to have completed a series of baseline questionnaires. The questionnaires are then sent out every 12 months and include information on demographics and medical history as well as questionnaires to collect information on quality of life, fatigue, depression, overall health, physical activity, and dietary habits. Clinical information such as tumor stage, grade and treatment has also been extracted for each patient.

Findings to date

To date, a total of 125 bladder cancer patients have been consented onto the study with 106 filling in the baseline questionnaire. The cohort is made up of 75% newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients and 66% non-muscle invasive bladder cancer cases. At present, there is 1-year follow-up information for 70 patients, 2-year follow-up for 57 patients, 3-year follow-up for 47 patients and 4-year follow-up for 19 patients.

Future plans

We plan to continue recruiting further patients into the cohort study. Using the data collected within the study, we hope to carry out independent research studies with a focus on quality of life. We are also committed to utilizing the Roberts Study Cohort to set up and commence an intervention. The future studies and trials carried out using the Roberts Cohort have the potential to identify and develop interventions that could improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.