bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lactation Yield on First Follicular Wave Surge After Calving of Crossbred Dairy Cattle
Authors: Berber R.C.A , Biavatti H.A.Z , Fornazieri J. , Berber G.C.M , Sturaro L.G.R. , Santos G.F. , Silva M. A .
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aimed  to evaluate the effect of lactation on first follicular wave surge of crossbred (Gir x Holstein) dairy cattle.  Nine multiparous crossbred dairy cattle were divided according to daily milk production (Group 1 = milk production higher than average, n = 5; Group 2 = milk  production  lower  than  average,  n  =  4).  From  calving  (Day  0)  until  divergence  of  first follicular wave, ovaries  was monitored daily by ultrasound exams to observed the follicular emergence,  growth  rate,  maximum  follicular  diameter,  day  of  follicular  divergence  and ovulation. The mean of milk production was 17.4 + 6.4 L/day (n= 9). Group 1 had higher daily milk production than Group 2 (21.8 + 3.8 L/day vs. 11.9 + 3.9 L/day, P< 0.001). Data of follicular emergence were similar in both groups (P >0.05). The growth  rate of first follicular surge was higher  in  Group  2  than  Group  1  (2.0  + 0.0  mm/day  vs  1.2  + 0.6  mm/day,  P<  0.05).  The maximum follicular diameter was 11.6  + 0.9 mm (Group 1) and 13.5  + 1.7 mm (Group 2); P< 0.05. The follicular divergence occurred earlier  in Group 1 than Group 2 (12.2  + 0.8 days vs 13.7 + 0.6 days; P< 0.05). One animal of Group 2 ovulated. In conclusion, data suggested that milk production had influence on ovarian follicular dynamic after calving.Keywords: Follicle, post-partum, lactation, dairy cattle
Volatile compounds identified in Barbados Cherry ‘BRS-366 Jaburú’
Authors: Garcia Y. M. , Guedes M. N. S. , Rufini J. C. M. , Souza A. G. , Augusti R. , Melo J. O. F.
Published: October 2019

In foods, the flavor and aroma are very important attributes, thus the main objective of this study was to identify the volatile compounds (VC) of the "BRS-366 Jaburú" acerola variety, for which we used the solid phase microextraction method (SPE). The separation and identification of volatile compounds was made using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fibers were evaluated, Polydimethylsiloxane / Divinylbenzene (PDMS / DVB), 65 micrometres Divinylbenzene / Carboxen / Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB / CAR / PDMS) 50/30 m and polyacrylate (PA) 85 uM to compare the extraction of its components. Thirty-three volatile compounds were identified and classified into eight chemical classes: carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. The peak areas of each of the extracted compounds were expressed as percentages to indicate the relative concentration of each, of which ethyl acetate is distinguished by being responsible for the fruity aroma notes. Thus, the fiber PDMS / DVB was the best as it enabled to extract a greater amount of volatile compounds
On Featured IoT for Smart Public Transportation with Cloud-based Machine Learning
Authors: Ma'ady Mochamad Nizar Palefi
Published: October 2019

With rapid development of science and technology and the accelerated pace of urbanization, smart city has been also widely spread across our country. By Internet of Things, we put forward a kind innovative way of real-time air pollution monitoring into public city transportation vehicle. We take information about the surrounding environment through sensors and upload it directly to the internet. This paper fosters the advantages of the cloud-based computing frameworks (such as Microsoft Azure Machine Learning Studio) and presents a practical work-flow well-suited for the standard machine learning tasks.
الأساليب الحديثة في توظيف تكنولوجيا التعليم في التدريس
Authors: شعيب محمد , منصور هاجر
Published: October 2019

يعتبر توظيف مستحدثات التقنيات التربوية فى التدريس من الموضوعات المهمة والمعاصرة، وقدر أدرك الجميع أن مصير الأمم رهن بإبداع أبنائها، ومدى تحديهم لمشكلات التغيير ومطالبه، وتحتل التربية موقعاً بارزاً ضمن إطار النقلة المجتمعية، كما أن التعليم أحد أهم الأركان التي شملتها رياح التغيير والتجديد وتكنولوجيا التعليم من العلوم التربوية التي شهدت نمواً وتطوراً سريعاً في العصر الحديث وبالرغم من أن هذا العلم بمفهومه الحديث كمدخل لتطوير التعليم، علم حديث نسبياً، ربما ترجع بدايته الحقيقية إلى ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، إلا أنه جذوره تمتد إلى الماضى البعيد فمنذ أن بدأ الانسان الحصى في العد كما استخدم أيضاً العديد من الأعواد التي لها القدرة على نقل التعلم ويظهر ذلك بوضوح في أثار الحضارات القديمة. ويمكن تحديد مراحل تطور هذا العلم في ثلاث مراحل رئيسة هى مرحلة التركيز على المواد التعليمية المنفصلة ومرحلة التركيز على العدد والآلات ومرحلة التركيز على الطرق والأساليب والاستراتيجيات. لقد لاحظ الباحثان خلال خبرته العلمية في مجال التدريس أن هناك قصوراً كبيراً فى استخدام التقنيات في التدريس حيث لا زالت سيطرة الأساليب التقليدية تطغى على استخدام التقنيات التعليمية.
Learners’- produced learning materials: a step towards learner autonomy in EFL Grammar classes
Authors: Msimeer Amal , Elmejie Eman ,   Misurata University,   Misurata University
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an experimental research study in which the two researchers aim to promote learner autonomy in language learning by means of learner-produced learning materials. The study was conducted at the Department of English in the Faculty of Arts in Misurata, Libya during the academic term-spring 2018. The participants were 50 Libyan students who major in English and they were all enrolled in semester 2 and studied Grammar II course. The participants were required to produce their own learning material which was about a particular grammar item. Semi-structured interviews with the participants were undertaken to know about their reaction towards the experience of taking responsibility to create a learning material, what autonomous strategies they were able to develop while designing the learning materials, what type of learning materials they were able to produce. The findings of the current study revealed that learner autonomy can be fostered in EFL classes in Libya and that Libyan students can develop some autonomous learning strategies. It is concluded that learner-produced learning materials can be a successful and an effective tool to promote learner autonomy in EFL (English as a foreign language) classes.
The Importance of Using Collaborative Learning Strategy in Learning English Writing
Authors: Abuhabil Sumaia , Aswese Sana ,   Misurata University,   Misurata University
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the importance of using collaborative learning as a strategy to enhance English writing skills of EFL learners. The study was a classroom based, the participants of the study were 25 female Libyan students from two different secondary schools in Misrata .All students who were chosen randomly were asked to fill in the questionnaire given. The research was done by using a mixed method approach. The data analysis obtained from the questionnaire and observation indicated that the majority of students were positive about collaborative writing although some of them were not interested when engaging collaboratively .It is a suitable and applicable strategy for improving students' English writing performance and to develop their critical thinking. Moreover, working collaboratively has a good impact on all members in a group since collaboration engages students to express their opinions and respect others' opinions; it fosters negotiation, and it engages students to share their knowledge.
Relative humidity as a driver of structural change in three new ferric-sulfate-tellurite hydrates: New minerals tamboite and metatamboite, and a lower-hydrate derivative, possibly involving direct uptake of atmospheric {H2O}4 clusters
Authors: Cooper Mark A. , Hawthorne Frank C. , Abdu Yassir A. , Walford Phillip C. , Back Malcolm E.
Published: October 2019

Tamboite (x = 3; y = 2) and metatamboite (x = 3; y = 0), Fe3+3(SO4)(Te4+O3)3(Te4+O(OH)2)(OH)(H2O)x{H2O}y, are new tellurite minerals from the Tambo mine, Coquimbo Province, Chile. The two minerals transform to each other reversibly with changes in ambient humidity. They occur as pale-yellow clusters of radiating fiber bundles on the surface of a compact aggregate of silicified tuff. Tamboite and metatamboite are optically biaxial, and their calculated mean index of refraction is greater than 1.80. The calculated densities are 3.648 g/cm3 for tamboite and 4.053 g/cm3 for metatamboite. Tamboite and metatamboite are monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4. Unit-cell parameters for tamboite are a 16.879(10), b 7.310(4), c 16.666(9) Å, β 108.857(11)°, V 1958(3) Å3; for metatamboite they are a 14.395(5), b 7.296(4), c 16.411(6) Å, β 98.909(10)°, V 1703(2) Å3. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave the empirical cations [calculated on the basis of 22 anions pfu with OH = 3 and H2O = 5 pfu (tamboite) or H2O = 3 pfu (metatamboite)] as (Fe3+3.10Al0.15)Σ3.25(S6+0.75Se6+0.05)Σ0.80Te4+4.11. The seven strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction patterns [listed as d (Å), I, (hkl)] are as follows: metatamboite: 14.221, 100, (100); 2.874, 13, ; 3.140, 12, (221); 3.423, 11, ; 3.400, 11, (312); 3.012, 11, ; 4.054, 9, ; tamboite: 16.068, 100, (100); 3.425, 9, ; 2.999, 8, ; 3.171, 6, (221); 2.853, 5, ; 4.153, 4, ; 3.943, 4, (004).

The crystal structures were solved by direct methods and refined to R1 indices of 4.3 and 3.0%. The structures consist of virtually identical ferric-sulfate-tellurite-hydrate slabs that are constructed from strands of ferric-sulfate-hydrate polyhedra linked by Te4+ cations. In metatamboite, the slabs are linked directly by hydrogen bonds whereas in tamboite, interslab linkage occurs by hydrogen bonds through interstitial {H2O}4 clusters known as Ci cyclic tetramers. Exposure of a crystal to a desiccant at room temperature resulted in a third variant (x = 2; y = 0) with the structural formula Fe3+2Fe2+(SO3(OH))(Te4+O3)3(Te4+O(OH)2)(OH)(H2O)x, space group P21/c, Z = 4, a 16.879(10), b 7.310(4), c 16.666(9) Å, β 108.857(11)°, V 1958(3) Å3, calculated density 4.176 g/cm3. This lower-hydrate variant has less cation-bonded (H2O) than metatamboite and tamboite, and the ferric-sulfate-tellurite-hydrate slabs are polymerized to form a framework structure. Attempts to transform the lower hydrate back to tamboite or metatamboite at room temperature and elevated humidity were unsuccessful.
Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties
Authors: Mähringer Andre , Rotter Julian M , Medina Dana D
Published: October 2019

We report on the synthesis of highly oriented and nanostructured metal–organic framework (MOF) films featuring extreme surface wetting properties. The Ni- and Co- derivatives of the metal–catecholate series (M-CAT-1) were synthesized as highly crystalline bulk materials and thin films. Oriented pillar-like nanostructured M-CAT-1 films exhibiting pronounced needle-like morphology on gold substrates were established by incorporating a crystallization promoter into the film synthesis. These nanostructured M-CAT-1 MOF films feature extreme wetting phenomena, specifically superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water and underwater oil-contact angles of 0° and up to 174°, respectively. The self-cleaning capability of the nanostructured, needle-like M-CAT-1 films was illustrated by measuring time-dependent oil droplet rolling-off a tilted surface. The deposition of the nanostructured Ni-CAT-1 film on a large glass substrate allowed for the realization of an efficient, transparent, antifog coating, enabling a clear view even at extreme temperature gaps up to ≈120 °C. This work illustrates the strong link between MOF film morphology and surface properties based on these framework materials.
Targeted photoswitchable imaging of intracellular glutathione by a photochromic glycosheet sensor
Authors: Chai Xianzhi , Han Hai-Hao , Zang Yi , Li Jia , He Xiao-Peng , Zhang Junji , Tian He
Published: October 2019

The development of photochromic fluorescence sensors with dynamic and multiple-signaling is beneficial to the improvement of biosensing/imaging precision. However, elaborate designs with complicated molecular structures are always required to integrate these functions into one molecule. By taking advantages of both redox-active/high loading features of two-dimensional (2D) manganese dioxide (MnO2) and dynamic fluorescence photoswitching of photochromic sensors, we here design a hybrid photochromic MnO2 glycosheet (Glyco-DTE@MnO2) to achieve the photoswitchable imaging of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The photochromic glycosheet manifests significantly turn-on fluorescence and dynamic ON/OFF fluorescence signals in response to GSH, which makes it favorable for intracellular GSH double-check in targeted human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) through the recognition between β-D-galactoside and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) on cell membranes. The dynamic fluorescence signals and excellent selectivity for detection and imaging of GSH ensure the precise determination of cell states, promoting its potential applications in future disease diagnosis and therapy.
A phonetic study of length and duration in Kyrgyz vowels
Authors: Stern Nathaniel Ziv , Washington Jonathan North
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the phonetic correlates of the (phonological) vowel length contrast in Kyrgyz to address a range of questions about the nature of this contrast, and also explores factors that affect (phonetic) duration in short vowels. Measurement and analysis of the vowels confirms that there is indeed a significant duration distinction between the Kyrgyz vowel categories referred to as short and long vowels. Preliminary midpoint formant measurements show that there may be some accompanying spectral component to the length contrast for certain vowels, but findings are not conclusive. A comparison of F0 dynamics and spectral dynamics through long and short vowels does not yield evidence that some long vowels may in fact be two heterosyllabic short vowels. Analysis shows that duration is associated with a vowel’s presence in word-edge syllables in Kyrgyz, as anticipated based on descriptions of word-final stress and initial prominence. However, high vowels and non-high vowels are found to consistently exhibit opposite durational effects. Specifically, high vowels in word-edge syllables are longer than high vowels in medial syllables, while non-high vowels in word-edge syllables are shorter than non-high vowels in medial syllables. This suggests either a phenomenon of durational neutralisation at word edges or the exaggeration of durational differences word-medially, and is not taken as a case of word-edge strengthening. Proposals for how to select from between these hypotheses in future work are discussed.
ROLE OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN SERVICE DEMANDS OF ELDERLY RESIDENTS OF APARTMENT COMPLEXES
Authors: Huang Ying-Hua , Lee Pei-Chen
Published: October 2019

An aging population results in an increased demand for services designed to meet the needs of elderly people. To enable elderly individuals to age successfully in their original residence environments, property management companies that provide services to apartment complex residents play an important role as service providers. The purpose of this study was to identify possible services that property management companies can provide to elderly residents of apartment complexes in response to changing demographics. Factor analysis was performed to identify the main areas of service demands or service demand aspects. Cluster analysis and a chi-square test were also used to identify and highlight the varied demographic characteristics and residence conditions of respondents and how they affect the level of importance attributed to each service demand aspect. Results showed seven main service aspects that were of concern to elderly individuals. Specific characteristics of elderly people that led to higher demands for certain other service aspects were also identified. The results of this study can serve as a reference for property management companies to help them provide custom design services for apartment complexes they serve and to expand their business scope and opportunities.
Searching for Hypermassive Neutron Stars with Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Chirenti Cecilia , Miller M. Coleman , Strohmayer Tod , Camp Jordan
Published: October 2019

Neutron star mergers can form a hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnant, which may be the engine of a short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) before it collapses to a black hole, possibly several hundred milliseconds after the merger. During the lifetime of an HMNS, numerical relativity simulations indicate that it will undergo strong oscillations and emit gravitational waves with frequencies of a few kilohertz, which are unfortunately too high for detection to be probable with the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. Here we discuss the current and future prospects for detecting these frequencies as modulation of the SGRB. The understanding of the physical mechanism responsible for the HMNS oscillations will provide information on the equation of state of the hot HMNS, and the observation of these frequencies in the SGRB data would give us insight into the emission mechanism of the SGRB.
Long-standing Small-scale Reconnection Processes at Saturn Revealed by Cassini
Authors: Guo R. L. , Yao Z. H. , Sergis N. , Wei Y. , Xu X. J. , Coates A. J. , Delamere P. A. , Roussos E. , Arridge C. S. , Waite J. H. , Krupp N. , Mitchell D. , Burch J. , Dougherty M. K. , Wan W. X.
Published: October 2019

The internal mass source from the icy moon Enceladus in Saturn’s rapidly rotating magnetosphere drives electromagnetic dynamics in multiple spatial and temporal scales. The distribution and circulation of the internal plasma and associated energy are thus crucial in understanding Saturn’s magnetospheric environment. Magnetic reconnection is one of the key processes in driving plasma and energy transport in the magnetosphere, and also a fundamental plasma process in energizing charged particles. Recent works suggested that reconnection driven by Saturn’s rapid rotation might appear as a chain of microscale structures, named drizzle-like reconnection. The drizzle-like reconnection could exist not only in the nightside magnetodisk, but also in the dayside magnetodisk. Here, using in situ measurements from the Cassini spacecraft, we report multiple reconnection sites that were successively detected during a time interval longer than one rotation period. The time separation between two adjacently detected reconnection sites can be much less than one rotation period, implying that the reconnection processes are likely small-scale, or frequently repetitive. The spatial distribution of the identified long-standing multiple small reconnection site sequences shows no significant preference on local times. We propose that the small reconnection sites discussed in this Letter are rotationally driven and rotate with the magnetosphere. Since the reconnection process on Saturn can be long-durational, the rotational regime can cause these small-scale reconnection sites to spread to all local times, resulting in global release of energy and mass from the magnetosphere.
The Point Prevalence Survey Research of Antibacterial Drugs’ Prescription for Outpatient Treatment of Urinary System Infections
Authors: Muldaeva Gulmira , Beisenayeva Aizhan , Arystan Leila , Baymanova Aliya , Haydargaliyeva Leila
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is the subject of numerous discussions and initiatives, it has a well-defined tendency to increase which is largely related to a big number of errors when prescribing antibacterial drugs at the outpatient stage of treatment and disease prevention, as well as a lack of information and data on the quantity and quality of antimicrobial therapy. One of the elements aimed at reducing antibiotic resistance growth is audit and analysis of application practice.
AIM: To assess qualitative and quantitative characteristics for urinary tract infections treatment using antimicrobial drugs by general physicians at the outpatient level.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) analysis of antimicrobial drugs prescription was conducted by general physicians of No. 1, 4, 5 Hospitals of Karaganda city. There was carried out a daily prospectively data collecting on antibacterial drugs prescription by Doctor of Medical institutions, which was performed during patients’ visit. For each person who was prescribed the AD, there was filled a special questionnaire developed by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, including passport data, data on disease and prescription of antibacterial drugs. There were considered 200 cases of antibiotic prescription. The study included patients of both sexes, all age groups, who were prescribed the antibiotic therapy for the UTI treatment.
RESULTS: When selecting antimicrobial therapy, the Protocols for diagnosis and treatment indicate the need for a microbiological study to determine sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, that was not performed in 100% of cases, and initial treatment was empirically prescribed, namely, in 34% of cases there were used drugs from the cephalosporin group (Ceftriaxone), nitrofurans (Furazidin)-42%, fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin)-24%. In treating acute cystitis, in most cases, alternative medications were prescribed, though according to current recommendations, first-line therapy includes fosfomycin trometamol, pivmecillins and nitrofurantoin macrocrystals, which according to the results of this study were not used at all.
CONCLUSION: In most cases (71%), alternative antibacterial drugs were prescribed for initial treatment of urinary tract infections. In majority cases, the dosage regimen of antibacterial drugs, dosage frequency, treatment course did not meet current recommendations.
Polymorphisms in Phase I (CYP450) Genes CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP2C8 (rs1058930) and Their Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Mazandaran Province in North of Iran
Authors: Golmohammadzadeh Golpar , Mohammadpour Abbas , Ahangar Nematollah , Shokrzadeh Mohammad
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: The second leading cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. In the metabolism of xenobiotic, cytochrome P450s or monooxygenases perform an important function by catalysing the hydroxylation reaction. In this study, the susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 isoenzymes was investigated that may have an etiological role in breast cancer.
AIM: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C8 (rs1058930), and CYP19A1 (rs749292) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Mazandaran province.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study were recruited 72 patients and 51 healthy individuals and was performed between March 2018 to May 2018 in the Oncology Department at Imam Hospital in Sari city, Iran. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA tube, and DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method and WizPrep extraction kits. Breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characters and healthy women as control group were genotyped for genes polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique, using restriction enzymes. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model, were applied for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The results of the experiments showed that there was a significant relationship between two groups and the age of the patients is significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.044). According to the chi-square and Fisher exact test, education, pregnancy, menopause status and oppose were significant between the two groups. Based on using a logistic regression model in two normalized and age-adjusted models to finding relationship between the genotypes of each gene and breast cancer risk, it was determined that in the CYP2C8 genotype, those who have the CG allele have a 7.74 degree increased risk of breast cancer (CI = 95% 0.95-62.5) and in the CYP19A1 gene, individuals with GA genotype, increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.52-27.21), about the CYP1B1 gene, people with two genotypes of CG + GG had higher risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.19-5.71) and allele G has decreased risk of breast cancer in this gene (P = 0.0271), also allele G in CYP2C8 gene had the protective effect (P = 0.02). In the age-adjusted model, for the CYP2C8 gene, GG genotype increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.11-75.84) as well as, the CG + GG genotype in CYP1B1 gene (CI = %95 1.31-6.57).
CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the association between CYP2C8 (rs1058930), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836) gene polymorphisms and increased risk of breast cancer in women in Mazandaran province.
Personalização e padronização em serviços profissionais: um estudo de caso em uma empresa de consultoria de gestão
Authors: Vieira Daniela Fraga , Gontijo Julia Miraglia , Torres Júnior Noel
Published: October 2019

As empresas de consultoria de gestão são caracterizadas como intensivas em conhecimento, com alto nível de interação com os clientes, alto grau de discrição dos funcionários, alta complexidade das atividades desenvolvidas e alto grau de personalização. Portanto, são caracterizadas como prestadoras de serviços personalizados ou pouco padronizados. A despeito desta caracterização, algumas empresas deste setor expandiram de maneira intensa por meio da criação de um portfólio delimitado de produtos ou soluções. Esta forma de atuação coloca em questão a forma como estas empresas são classificadas. Portanto, o presente artigo busca compreender o clássico trade-offentre a personalização e a padronização de serviços para empresas deste tipo. Para tanto, utilizando-se do estudo de múltiplos casos, três casos de aplicação de uma mesma solução foram analisados em relação à  dezessete parâmetros selecionados. Verificou-se  que o serviço é desenvolvido para atender às necessidades e especificações de cada um de seus clientes de modo personalizado, entretanto o modo de implementação da solução é padronizado. Constatou-se que a personalização de serviços pode ser vista como um resultado da combinação de produtos e processos, sendo alguns deles padronizados e outros personalizados.
Avaliação de heurísticas para o problema flowshop com setup separado e independente da sequência
Authors: Branco Fabio Jose Ceron , Correia Amanda Da Silva
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho caracteriza-se pelo estudo comparativo de desempenho das heurísticas LPT, SPT e NEH adaptadas para a resolução de problemas de sequenciamento de tarefas flowshop, com tempo de setup separado e independente da seqüência. Para realizar a análise de desempenho é considerado não só o tempo de processamento de cada tarefa para cada máquina disponível, mas também o tempo necessário para realizar a configuração das máquinas utilizadas. Com o intuito de identificar o melhor método de sequenciamento a ser utilizado, analisou-se em um banco de dados o desempenho dos métodos baseado nos resultados de makespan, de acordo com ferramentas estatísticas. Após os cálculos realizados, observou-se na primeira análise, dos métodos de ordenação SPT e LPT, o melhor desempenho do método heurístico LPT com a consideração do tempo de setup das tarefas somado aos tempos de processamento, enquanto que para o método construtivo NEH, a ordenação LPT sem considerar o tempo de setup para definição do sequenciamento das tarefas se mostrou mais efetivo. Concluiu-se também a melhor performance dos métodos construtivos NEH quando comparado aos métodos de ordenação SPT e LPT.
Airline E-commerce user experience experiment: An investigation of Thai LCCs passengers' purchasing behaviour among different online platforms
Authors: Pasupa Sarakard , Cheramakara Narudh
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study examines the current state of the airline’s e-commerce platforms and seek to identify their benefits and disadvantages in the aspect of user experience. Design/methodology/approach: The study commenced by first reviewing the literatures on actual sale figure from the studied Thai LCC, user interface (UI) and user experience (UX). It then proceeded to gather the empirical evidences using questionnaires from 135 active air passengers who have online purchasing experience. The composite findings from literature review and surveys were then used to design and apply for the final phase which is a series of in-depth interviews of air passengers on their usability test sessions and experts from the related industries. Coding and clustering was utilised to analyse the qualitative data obtained. Findings: The study examines the differences in online ticket purchasing platforms including airline's website, mobile-site and mobile application. The results identified five areas of factors: physical, trust, willingness to learn, context of use and adjustment. With regard to these factors, there are no single platform that outperform others. Airlines need to ensure that UX/UI of all platforms meet the users’ requirements in all circumstances.  Originality/value: The study reveals the customer thinking processes on online purchasing behaviour. It focuses on web-usability and user experience of different booking platforms. The findings allow the subjected LCC to improve customer experience and optimise its platforms. The paper could also benefit other entrepreneurs who are in the related industry or similar contexts. In addition, the study of user-experience in the context of airline industry, particularly in the emerging countries like Thailand is limited.
A study on the dynamic refund fee model of air tickets based on win-to-win mechanism
Authors: Zhao Guihong , Deng Junyi
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To achieve the balancing of interests between airlines and passengers, the dynamic refund fee model is designed, which meets the interests of both airlines and passengers.Design/methodology/approach: In the study, the expectation utility function is constructed respectively for passengers and airlines, and the equilibrium point of the two is chosen to solve the passenger refund fee. Then, a dynamic refund fee model based on refund time and real-time sales revenue is proposed according to the actual operating conditions of the flight.Findings:The results show that refund fee is negatively related to three variables, the ticket price, the probability of ticket sales and the probability of refund. Besides, The maximum payment limit is the airline single seat cost or the actual fare paid below it, and the lowest can be exempt.Originality/value: A better standard of the rufund is proposed. The refund mode breaks the traditional static charging mode, and charges different refund fees to passengers for different refund time and the real time income of flights. Comparing with the current refund policy, the new charge of refund fee could best meets the interests of both parties.a refund fee standard.
Differences in Optical Coherence Tomography of the Macula in Advanced Glaucoma and After a Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Shetty Rajesh K. , Bolling James P. , Stewart Michael W. , Heckman Michael G.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate the macular thickness in eyes with advanced glaucoma compared with eyes following a retinal artery occlusion.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ten patients with a retinal artery occlusion and 10 patients with severe glaucoma were evaluated with OCT using the macular thickness map protocol.
RESULTS
The median thinnest macular sector was 183 microns (range: 152 to 223 microns) in patients with glaucoma versus 143 microns (range: 98 to 177 microns) in patients with arterial occlusion (P = .001). Median macular volume was 5.9 mm3 (range: 5.1 to 6.7 mm3) in patients with glaucoma versus 5.1 mm3 (range: 3.6 to 6.1 mm3) in patients with arterial occlusion (P = .015).
CONCLUSIONS
OCT demonstrates that patients with a retinal artery occlusion have significantly reduced macular thickness compared with those with severe glaucoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:392- 398.]
AUTHORS
From the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Accepted for publication March 16, 2007. Address correspondence to Rajesh K. Shetty, MD, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Boulevard, Jacksonville, FL 32224.
Endophthalmitis Caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis: In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: MIller Daniel M. , Vedula Anil S. , Flynn Harry W. , Miller Darlene , Scott Ingrid U. , Smiddy William E. , Murray Timothy G. , Venkatraman Anna S.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antibiotic sensitivities and clinical outcomes of eyes with endophthalmitis caused by methicillin-sensitive versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE/MRSE).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective, consecutive case series of all patients with endophthalmitis caused by S. epidermidis from January 1, 1996, through July 1, 2004, was conducted. The antibiotic sensitivities and clinical outcomes were obtained from the corresponding medical records.
RESULTS
The study included 86 eyes of 86 patients with S. epidermidis endophthalmitis (34 MSSE and 52 MRSE). Endophthalmitis categories included cataract surgery (58), glaucoma surgery (12), trauma (7), vitrectomy (4), penetrating keratoplasty (4), and corneal suture ulcer (1). In vitro testing revealed that all MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, 67% of MSSE isolates and 67% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to gatifloxacin, and 73% of MSSE isolates and 67% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to moxifloxacin (overall 68% sensitive). All eyes were treated with intravitreal vancomycin and either ceftazidime or amikacin. Visual acuity improved to a median of 20/80 at 3 months and 20/60 at 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS
In the current study, all MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and 68% were sensitive to the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. There were no significant differences in visual acuity outcomes of endophthalmitis caused by MSSE versus MRSE isolates. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:446-451.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication April 10, 2006. Supported in part by Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York. Address correspondence to Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 900 N.W. 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136.
Combined Phacovitrectomy for Macular Hole: Long-Term Results
Authors: Rogers Simon , Madhusudhana Krishnappa C. , Kang H. Kwon , Luff Andrew J. , Canning Chris R. , Newsom Richard S. B.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To present the long-term results of patients undergoing combined phacovitrectomy surgery for idiopathic macular hole at a single center.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective review of the records for 57 eyes of 53 consecutive patients who underwent combined phacovitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole during an 18-month period was completed at the Southampton Eye Unit.
RESULTS
In 45 of 57 eyes (78.9%), the macular hole closed after one surgical procedure. Forty-seven patients had a follow-up period of more than 12 months (mean = 22.1 months). In this group, the mean visual acuity (standard deviation) improved by 0.37 (± 0.46) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units. Thirty-two (68%) cases had improved visual acuity of 2 or more Snellen lines. Hole closure rate at the final follow-up examination was 87.2%.
CONCLUSION
Combining phacoemulsification and vitrectomy for an idiopathic macular hole has many benefits. It is a safe procedure and produces long-term results that are comparable to previously published series.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:452-456.]
AUTHORS
From
the Southampton Eye Unit (SR, KCM, HKK, AJL, RSBN), Southampton, United Kingdom; and Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai (CRC), Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Accepted for publication July 16, 2007.
Presented at the British and Eire Vitreoretinal Society meeting, London, England, November 23, 2006.
Address correspondence to Richard S. B. Newsom, FRCOphth, MD, Honorary Senior Lecturer and Consultant Ophthalmologist, Southampton Eye Unit, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
Can Optical Coherence Tomography Predict the Outcome of Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema?
Authors: Estabrook Elizabeth J. , Madhusudhana Krishnappa C. , Hannan Shabeeba R. , Newsom Richard S. B.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To assess the outcome of laser photocoagulation in patients with diabetic macular edema.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Forty-seven patients (51 eyes) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) undergoing grid laser photocoagulation were included. Clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline and 3 to 4 months after treatment. The central foveal thickness, mean inner macular thickness (average retinal thickness in fovea and inner macular circle), and mean macular thickness were calculated. Based on the greatest OCT thickness at baseline, patients were grouped according to mild (< 300 µm; Group 1), moderate (300 to 399 µm; Group 2), and severe (> 400 µm; Group 3) macular edema.

RESULTS

Group 2 showed significant reductions in central foveal thickness (23 µm, P = .02), mean inner macular thickness (18 µm, P = .02), and mean macular thickness (9 µm, P = .04) with slight improvement in visual acuity. Groups 1 and 3 did not show any significant
change in macular thickness values and there was a statistically insignificant worsening of visual acuity in these groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with moderate macular thickening of 300 to 400 µm benefit most from laser treatment. OCT may help in choosing the appropriate treatment for CSME based on the degree of macular thickening. Long-term studies are warranted to confirm
these findings.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:478-483.]

AUTHORS

From Southampton Eye Unit (KCM, SRH, RSN) and the University of Southampton (EJE), Southampton, United Kingdom.

Accepted for publication March 24, 2007.

Address correspondence to Krishnappa C. Madhusudhana, MD, Research Registrar, Southampton Eye Unit, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
Optical Coherence Tomography of Corneal and Scleral Melts
Authors: Reddy Harsha S. , Li Yan , Yiu Samuel C. , Irvine John A. , Huang David
Published: October 2019

Corneal and scleral melts can be difficult to assess by slit-lamp due to the overlying opacity. The authors demonstrate the role of optical coherence tomography
(OCT) in the diagnosis and management of two cases of corneal and scleral melt. A high-speed anterior segment OCT system operating at a 1,310-nm wavelength
was used. Cross-sectional OCT images showed the depth and extent of the melt. OCT images were obtained through an opaque pannus in one case and through a calcium plaque in the other. OCT images at the follow-up examination revealed a thin fluid space between the amniotic graft and cornea and its subsequent
resolution in the first case and the fits of an epicardial graft and a subsequent clear lamellar corneal graft in the second case. OCT images allow physicians to assess melts through opaque media and subsequent graft integration after repair. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers
Imaging 2007;38:514-517.]
AUTHORS
From the Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Accepted for publication August 1, 2007.
Poster presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 9, 2006.
Supported by grant NIH R01 EY018184 and P30 EY03040 from the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.
Dr. Huang receives royalties from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from the licensing of OCT patents to Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Drs. Huang and Li received research grants from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California.
Address correspondence to David Huang, MD, PhD, 1450 San Pablo Street, DEI 5702, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
Lightweight Autoclavable Wide-Angle Contact Lens for Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Chalam K. V. , Gupta Shailesh K. , Agarwal Swati
Published: October 2019

The authors describe an autoclavable, self-stabilizing, lightweight wide-angle contact lens for vitrectomy. The lens has two optical pieces with perforated plastic casing
to sustain a high temperature (150°C) for autoclaving.
The lens has a 106° static and 127° dynamic field of view. The footplates and reduced weight (2.4 grams) due to the plastic casing allow self-stabilization of the lens. The open lens design with high temperature resistant
plastic prevents fogging during autoclaving and surgery. The autoclavable, self-stabilizing, lightweight wide-angle contact lens allows visualization of the peripheral
retina during surgery and faster sterilization by autoclaving between surgeries without the disadvantage
of lens fogging. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging
2007;38:523-524.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida.
Accepted for publication November 12, 2006.
Address correspondence to K. V. Chalam, MD, PhD, University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 580 West 8th Street, Tower 2, 3rd Floor, Jacksonville, FL 32209.
Intraocular Dissemination of Uveal Melanoma Cells Following Radiotherapy: Evolving Management Over the Past Decade
Authors: Paez-Escamilla Manuel , Walter Scott D. , Mohsenin Amir , Decatur Christina L. , Harocopos George J. , Dubovy Sander , Harbour J. William
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe the presentation and the authors' evolving management strategy for intraocular dissemination of uveal melanoma cells following radiotherapy during the past decade.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients with uveal melanoma who developed intraocular dissemination of pigmented cells following radiotherapy. Histopathology was available in two cases.

RESULTS:

Four patients underwent treatment for progressive intraocular dissemination of uveal melanoma cells at 9 to 41 months following I-125 plaque radiotherapy (three patients) or proton beam radiotherapy (one patient). Treatments included primary enucleation (one patient), vitrectomy followed later by enucleation (one patient), and vitrectomy followed by intravitreal chemotherapy (two patients). Enucleated eyes demonstrated diffuse invasion of intraocular tissues by viable melanoma cells. No patient has developed systemic metastasis to date.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraocular dissemination of pigmented cells following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma should raise suspicion for viable invasive melanoma cells. Prompt vitrectomy with intravitreal chemotherapy can be effective in avoiding enucleation in selected cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:573–579.]
Comparison of Digital Widefield Retinal Imaging With Indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ramkumar Hema L. , Koduri Megha , Conger Jordan , Robbins Shira L. , Granet David , Freeman William R. , Saunders Luke , Ferreyra Henry , Weinreb Robert N. , Nudleman Eric
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Approximately 16,000 children in the United States lose vision each year because of retinal disease. The authors compare digital ultra-widefield (UWF) photography to indirect ophthalmoscopy in children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Prospective, single-center study of patients ages 3 to 17 years. Retinal area during indirect ophthalmoscopy was compared with retinal area in digital UWF fundus photographs. Image quality was graded. A survey to assess the usefulness of the retinal image was obtained.

RESULTS:

The retinal area (mean ± standard deviation, mm
2
) evaluated with indirect ophthalmoscopy was 413 ± 194 mm
2
, compared with 652 ± 117 mm
2
with widefield photography (P < .001). The difference was largest in children younger than 14. Image quality was significantly associated with patient cooperation.

CONCLUSIONS:

High-quality UWF photographs evaluate more peripheral retina than the in-office dilated funduscopic exam in children under 14. Photography assisted with family counseling in 17% of patients and the avoidance of examination under anesthesia in 2% of patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:580–585.]
Choroidal Nevus With Outer Retinal Atrophy Simulating Solar Retinopathy
Authors: Gündüz A. Kaan , Yeşiltaş Yağmur Seda , Shields Carol L.
Published: October 2019

A 58-year-old man presented with visual distortion in the right eye for 2 years. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in each eye. Fundus examination revealed a macular pigmented lesion with central retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy and drusen in the right eye. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) of the right eye showed a slightly elevated choroidal lesion with choroidal vascular compression, optical shadowing, and trace cystoid macular edema. In addition, there was notable, prominent focal outer retinal atrophy simulating solar retinopathy, but the patient denied sun-gazing, laser pointer-gazing, and alkyl nitrate (popper) medications. The final diagnosis was choroidal nevus with focal extensive outer retinal atrophy, giving a pseudosolar retinopathy appearance. Imaging with EDI-OCT provides indispensable information concerning retinal and RPE alterations overlying choroidal nevus and other choroidal lesions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:586–588.]
Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Amish Population
Authors: Nittala Muneeswar G. , Velaga Swetha Bindu , Hariri Amir , Pfau Maximilian , Birch David G. , Haines Jonathan , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Stambolian Dwight , Sadda SriniVas R.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate retinal sensitivity (RS) by mesopic and scotopic microperimetry (MP-1S) in an elderly Amish population with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Mesopic and scotopic microperimetric testing was performed in 148 eyes of 77 elderly Amish subjects (age > 50 years) from Pennsylvania using a retinal function analyzer. Scotopic testing was performed using a 2.0 log unit neutral density filter following 30 minutes of dark adaptation. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared reflectance imaging, and flash color fundus photography. Certified graders at Doheny Image Reading Center identified subjects with evidence of AMD as defined by the Beckman classification and quantified drusen volume. RS in subjects with and without AMD was compared. Correlations between RS and drusen burden were analyzed. Ten eyes with incomplete MP-1S exams were excluded from the final analysis.

RESULTS:

Among the 138 eyes from 77 subjects included in the final analysis, 42 eyes from 29 subjects had evidence of early or intermediate AMD. The mean age of subjects with AMD was 69.65 years ± 13.81 years versus 63.04 years ± 12.69 years in those without AMD (P = .06). Mesopic RS was 18.8 dB ± 2.1 dB in subjects with AMD and 19.6 dB ± 1.4 dB in those without AMD (P = .07). Scotopic RS was significantly lower (P = .04) in subjects with AMD (15.9 dB ± 2.9 dB) compared with those without AMD (17.3 dB ± 2.4 dB). There was no relationship between mesopic RS and either drusen area (r = −0.06; P = .32) or drusen volume (r = −0.08; P = .30). There was a trend for an association between scotopic RS and both drusen area (r = −0.39; P = .24) and drusen volume (r = −0.36; P = .30).

CONCLUSIONS:

In an elderly Amish population, eyes with early or intermediate AMD show a greater reduction in scotopic RS than mesopic RS, suggesting that rod function is more severely affected than cone function. Drusen area and volume measurements better correlated with scotopic RS.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e236–e241.]