bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chameleon Man and Unruly Woman: Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand
Authors: Brook Vincent
Published: October 2014

This essay examines the seminal and transformative functions of Jewish filmic representations of Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand. Taking their unique joint appearances in the Focker series as a pivot point, the essay shows how the breakthroughs in gender modeling and sexuality achieved by the éminences grises of Jewish actors were used, and abused, in Meet the Fockers (2004) and The Little Fockers (2010). Rather than building meaningfully on Hoffman’s and Streisand’s career-long constructions as Chameleon Man extraordinaire and Unruly Woman par excellence, the farcical comedies pour their variegated personas into a generic bottle and their complex intertextual associations into an animation cell. Although their Bernie and Roz Focker characters do predictably succeed in making “menschs” of their uber-WASP in-law counterparts (played by Robert de Niro and Blythe Danner), it’s the Fockers who ultimately get focked, not the other way around.
Judaic Cinecorporeality: Fleshing Out the Haredi Male Body in Avishai Sivan's The Wanderer
Authors: Chyutin Dan
Published: October 2014

This essay discusses the representation of the ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) male body in Avishai Sivan’s noted feature The Wanderer (2010) as representative of contemporary Israeli cinema’s attitude towards Judaic corporeality. Using both sociological and theological literature, it highlights the ways by which this film orchestrates the details of ultra-Orthodox reality to mount a damning critique of Judaic regimes of corporeal regulation. According to this critique, Judaic corporeality exists in a condition of continuous repression, whereby it seeks to absent bodily desires, and even its own material presence. Through the adolescent protagonist Yitzhak, The Wanderer charts a trajectory of transgression and release from this repressive framework. The journey, however, does not entail liberation but rather culminates in destructive violence, consequently allowing the film to define pathological bodily behavior as inescapable both inside and outside the Haredi ghetto. While foregrounding the relevance of this assertion, the essay’s conclusion also traces its limits, which derive from the film’s problematic attempt to reduce ultra-Orthodox corporeality to the contours of certain antisemitic stereotypes of Old World Jewry.
Musical Miscellany in Charles Dickens’s Journals, 1850–70
Authors: Kyprianides Christine
Published: October 2014

Mass-market publications such as Charles Dickens’s weekly magazines Household Words and All the Year Round (1850-70) demonstrate the significant role that music played in the lives of ordinary people during the Victorian era. This study examines over 100 items on music-related topics from the journals. Unlike editors of specialist periodicals, Dickens presented music as a subject of general interest and entertainment for his middlebrow readers while campaigning for the promotion of music among the poor. Popular journalism, often overlooked by scholars, proves to be a valuable tool in reconstructing the social history of nineteenth-century music.
British Brass Band Periodicals and the Construction of a Movement
Authors: Odello Denise
Published: October 2014

This essay examines the role of brass band periodicals in shaping the direction of the brass band movement during the late nineteenth-century in Britain. The middle-class editors of periodicals such as Wright and Round’s Brass Band News and the British Bandsman wanted working-class bands to be accepted by the British musical establishment, which adhered to middle-class art values. Consequently brass band periodicals emphasized the positive social aspects of bands, encouraged respectable behavior from bandsmen at band contests, and promoted more sophisticated musical tastes. However, as the twentieth century dawned, bandsmen rejected such efforts and maintained their own distinct practices and aesthetics.
Energy transfer in OH, CH and NO: Implications for quantitative LIF measurements
Authors: Bülter A. , Lenhard U. , Rahmann U. , Brockhinke A.
Published: October 2014

Collision-induced processes (quenching, rotational and vibrational energy transfer, polarization scrambling) affect most LIF experiments. For OH, CH and NO, these processes are studied with picosecond resolution. Methods to obtain quench-free data and implications for flame measurements are discussed.
Development of a CMOS active-pixel phase-sensitive detector imaging array
Authors: Swartzendruber R. , Sedarsky S. , Middleton N. , Linne M.
Published: October 2014

Single-point laser diagnostics use various electronic signal-processing techniques to improve signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). These include simple signal averaging, gated integration (boxcar averaging) for pulsed systems, and phase sensitive detection (lock-in amplification) for modulated cw systems. An ongoing program at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) has evaluated methods for implementation of electronic signal processing in imaging arrays (see e.g. Fisher1 for a gated-integrator array). Here we describe the development of a new imaging array that performs phase-sensitive detection signal processing at the chip level, at each pixel.
Design of a Line-scanned Handheld Imager for Detecting Natural Gas Leaks
Authors: Bambha R. P. , Reichardt T. A , Kulp T. J. , Schmitt R. L.
Published: October 2014

An active infrared imager capable of both single-and differential-frequency detection of methane is being developed for handheld operation. The device will be capable of producing real-time video images of methane plumes.
Development and Evaluation of a Portable Gas Imager Using a Fiber-Amplifier-Pumped PPLN OPO Illuminator
Authors: Kulp Thomas J. , Armstrong Karla M. , Sommers Ricky , Kliner Dahv A. V. , Goers Uta-Barbara , Birtola Sal , Goldberg Lew , Koplow Jeffrey P. , Moore Sean , McRae Thomas G.
Published: October 2014

Active imaging allows gases to be visualized in a real-time video format through their attenuation of backscattered laser radiation. Here we describe the development and testing of a battery-operated portable gas imager that employs a fiber-amplifier-pumped PPLN optical parametric oscillator as its illumination source.
Single Molecule Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in an Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
Authors: LeCaptain Dale J. , Van Orden Alan
Published: October 2014

A capillary electrophoresis-based electrophoretic mobility shift assay is described wherein fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is used to resolve the bound and unbound fractions of a DNA-protein complex on the basis of their characteristic electrophoretic flow velocities.
Iraq today in the thoughts of al-Wardi: The rule of the preachers
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. , Ismael Jacqueline S.
Published: October 2014

In an effort to situate Ali al-Wardi’s larger body of scholarship, this article places him within his Iraqi and international intellectual milieu, highlighting the role of his book Preachers of the Sultan for its grounding of his later works, while at the same time asserting the seriousness with which he took the scholar’s role as an activist to bring knowledge to the public by which to better inform the grounding for, and exercise of, democratic politics. In particular, it highlights the empirical grounding al-Wardi captured through his explication of the Iraqi ‘split personality’ (izdiwajiyyah) as well as the unique role preachers play in dividing the social community through the justification of political power and promotion of sectarianism.
Le thème de la personnalité de base dans le monde arabe: Une étude comparative entre les travaux d’Ali al-Wardi et de quelques penseurs libanais
Authors: Tohmé-Tabet Annie M.
Published: October 2014

Cet article se penche sur le thème de la personnalité de base traité dans la littérature sociologique, anthropologique et psychologique du monde arabe. Le but recherché est de comprendre comment les chercheurs arabes ont appliqué ce concept forgé par l’école culturaliste américaine dans leurs contextes nationaux respectifs. Une comparaison du livre d’Ali al-Wardi La personnalité de l’individu irakien à une sélection d’ouvrages et d’articles écrits par des auteurs libanais comme Jean Salem, Mounir Chamoun et Joseph Mouwanès restreint l’angle d’observation à deux pays arabes à savoir l’Irak et le Liban. Un rapprochement systématique entre ces différents travaux dégage leurs similitudes et leurs dissemblances. Les expressions ou les termes utilisés pour désigner la personnalité de base comme « personnalité de l’individu irakien », « peuple libanais », etc., sont identifiés. Le répertoire des principales sources théoriques occidentales ou arabes et le mode de leur d’application sont établis. La démarche méthodologique et les résultats obtenus sont analysés.
Review Essay
Authors: Tschirgi Dan
Published: October 2014

Ali al-Wardi’s contribution to America’s understanding of Iraq

Understanding Iraq: Society, Culture and Personality, Ali al-Wardi (trans. F. Baali) ([1965] 2008) Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 129 pp. ISBN 978 0773451209 (hbk), $189.00.

Iraq in Turmoil: Historical Perspectives of Dr. Ali al-Wardi, From the Ottoman Empire to King Feisal, Youseff Aboul-Enien (ed.) (2012) Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 224 pp. ISBN 978 1612510774 (hbk), $32.95.
Trapped by bureaucracy: Kieślowski, his masters and the making of Urzᶏd
Authors: Misiak Anna
Published: October 2014

This article identifies those film-makers who supervised Kieślowski when he was working on Urzᶏd. It demonstrates that he creatively surpassed his documentary tutors’ tactics of portraying the communist society and this is why the short’s caricature of bureaucracy has stood the test of time.
Photographing people’s feelings: The patient eye of Kieślowski and Karabasz
Authors: Haltof Marek
Published: October 2014

This article focuses on the mutual interest of Kieślowski and his mentor Karabasz in undistinguished characters captured ‘in depth rather than breadth’. Faces shown in close-ups tell the story of ‘irreparable injustice that so visibly scars the human face’.
In the style of Kazimierz Karabasz
Authors: Jazdon Mikołaj
Published: October 2014

The film was shot under the strong influence of its artistic supervisor, Kazimierz Karabasz, the leading documentary film-maker in Poland of 1960s. Like Karabasz in his short docs, Kieslowski decided to film a cyclically repeating event, allowing for penetrating enquiry before shooting and writing a detailed script.
The office Polish style in The Office
Authors: Mazierska Ewa
Published: October 2014

This article will discuss The Office as a Polish take on bureaucracy. For that I will locate Kieślowski’s film in a wider historical context, such as the ideologies of Romanticism and communism, which greatly affected Polish attitudes to the state and its institutions.
On the malaise and menace of a pencil sharpener: Editing emotional subjectivity from objective reality
Authors: Bohlinger Vincent
Published: October 2014

Two shots of a pencil being sharpened (Shots 11 and 13) help to convey a sense of bureaucratic malaise and menace. This article focuses primarily on Shots 10–14 in order to demonstrate how the film’s direct cinema-style editing gives added meaning to an otherwise seemingly objective, mundane, quotidian office activity.
Lonely birthday eaters anonymous: The Chinese Wall
Authors: Laine Tarja
Published: October 2014

Loneliness forms the emotional core of The Chinese Wall. But rather than inviting empathetic identification with the main character, this film embodies the feeling by means of voice-over, mise-en-scène and the role of food (its consumption, tasting and sharing).
Leben aus der Hoffnung auf die Zurechtbringung aller
Authors: Frettlöh Magdalene L.
Published: October 2014

An eschatological approach to the topic of reconciliation seems to be most promising in several respects. Taking the process of reconciliation in South Africa and the German penal system as examples of the probation of the eschatological hope of reconciliation on earth, this contribution examines in which way(s) this approach is viable. It shows that freedom, which creates reconciliation as hope based on justification of all, is deliverance towards forgiveness as a liberating process from the outside that presupposes being gifted from God.
Grundfragen und Schwerpunkte einer Mediennutzerethik
Authors: Leiner Martin
Published: October 2014

Ethics for media users face the problem how ordinary users can be empowered to play an active role as ethically responsible subjects. Constituting a free media user is thus based on what Hegel called »bestimmte Negation« (particular negation) of some clearly negative effects of medias like the danger of addiction, the manipulation of worldviews, the withdrawal of attention, virtual ubiquity, para-social relationships. This article argues for favoring bodily-dialogical reality over virtual, technically conserved, derived reality. This aspect, which is one-sided if considered on its own, is thus to be connected with an appreciation of media as means of real encounter that is founded in the teaching of the media salutis (means of salvation). Ethics for media users aims to enable the use of high quality media in an enjoyable way.
5‐azacytidine inhibits nonsense‐mediated decay in a MYC‐dependent fashion
Authors: Bhuvanagiri Madhuri , Lewis Joe , Putzker Kerstin , Becker Jonas P , Leicht Stefan , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Batra Richa , Turnwald Brad , Jovanovic Bogdan , Hauer Christian , Sieber Jana , Hentze Matthias W , Kulozik Andreas E
Published: October 2014

Nonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) is an RNA‐based quality control mechanism that eliminates transcripts bearing premature translation termination codons (PTC). Approximately, one‐third of all inherited disorders and some forms of cancer are caused by nonsense or frame shift mutations that introduce PTCs, and NMD can modulate the clinical phenotype of these diseases. 5‐azacytidine is an analogue of the naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleoside cytidine, which is approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloid leukemia. Here, we reveal that 5‐azacytidine inhibits NMD in a dose‐dependent fashion specifically upregulating the expression of both PTC‐containing mutant and cellular NMD targets. Moreover, this activity of 5‐azacytidine depends on the induction of MYC expression, thus providing a link between the effect of this drug and one of the key cellular pathways that are known to affect NMD activity. Furthermore, the effective concentration of 5‐azacytidine in cells corresponds to drug levels used in patients, qualifying 5‐azacytidine as a candidate drug that could potentially be repurposed for the treatment of Mendelian and acquired genetic diseases that are caused by PTC mutations.
Primary hyperparathyroidism due to atypical vertically long cystic adenoma
Authors: Kawashima Sachiko-Tsukamoto , Usui Takeshi , Ueda Yohei , Kobayashi Maiko-Kakita , Tsuiki Mika , Tanase-Nakao Kanako , Nanba Kazutaka , Tagami Tetsuya , Naruse Mitsuhide , Watanabe Yoshiki , Asato Ryo , Kato Sumiko , Shimatsu Akira
Published: October 2014

Parathyroid cystic adenomas are often misdiagnosed as thyroid cysts and routine preoperative diagnostic tools, such as ultrasonography (US) or 99m technetium-sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) scans, cannot clearly distinguish between these entities. We present a 67-year-old hypercalcemic woman with a cervical cystic lesion who had negative sestamibi scan results. Her laboratory data indicated primary hyperparathyroidism (serum calcium concentration 14.0 mg/dl, phosphate concentration 2.3 mg/dl, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration 239 pg/ml). The cervical US and computed tomography scans revealed a large and vertically long cystic mass (12×11×54 mm). A mass was located from the upper end of the left thyroid lobe to the submandibular region and was not clearly distinguishable from the thyroid. For preoperative definitive diagnosis, we carried out a parathyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and PTH assay (PTH–FNA) of liquid aspirated from the cyst. The intact PTH–FNA concentration was 1.28×106 pg/ml, and the patient was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a cystic mass. She underwent a left upper parathyroidectomy and her serum calcium and intact PTH concentration immediately decreased to normal levels. This report describes the usefulness of PTH–FNA for localizing and differentiating an atypical functional parathyroid lesion from nonfunctional tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Learning points

Cystic parathyroid lesions, even in the case of elevated PTH levels, can produce negative results in 99mTc-MIBI scans.

Preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid cysts detectable on US is possible by parathyroid FNA and PTH assay (PTH–FNA) of liquid aspirated from the cyst, if malignancy is not suspected.

PTH–FNA could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of an equivocal cervical tumor.
Stroke prevention after stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A case-based review
Authors: Kovács Tibor
Published: October 2014

Non-valvular atrial fibrillation is one of the most important risk factor for embolic cerebral infarcts. Besides vitamin K antagonists, recently developed novel oral anticoagulants are gaining an increasing role in its treatment. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban are novel oral anticoagulants available in the routine clinical practice. This review summarizes their use and the corresponding guidelines in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, by answering questions raised in relation of a hypothetical case report. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(42), 1655–1660.
London 2012 legacy: design and reuse of temporary equestrian platforms
Authors: Pennington Paul
Published: October 2014

The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games equestrian events were staged at the historic Greenwich Royal Park. The temporary facilities had to be designed to be constructed, operated and demounted with minimal disruption or long-term effects to the park, at the same time as meeting the exacting international requirements for surfacing and construction tolerances. This paper describes the innovative modular plastic base and sub-base units that were used to create the equestrian platform, and explains how these have all since been removed and reused on a variety of commercial and leisure projects in Britain and Holland.
London 2012 legacy: Olympic Park waterways
Authors: Nicholls Andrew
Published: October 2014

London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games resulted in over £60 million of investment into the canals and rivers of the lower Lea valley. This paper describes the largest regeneration and restoration programme ever undertaken on Britain's inland waterway network, with a massive clean-up operation followed by new locks, river walls, towpaths, bridges and habitats. After providing an attractive waterside backdrop to the games, the waterways are now a major feature of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. They will soon be opened up to public navigation for the first time in decades and are expected to bring many thousands of waterborne visitors to the area.
Assessment of infrastructure devastated by extreme floods: a case study from Colorado, USA
Authors: Kim Yail J. , Marshall Wesley , Pal Indrani
Published: October 2014

Colorado in the USA suffered from severe flooding in September 2013, following unusually heavy rainfall. Over 400 mm of rain – three-quarters of the annual total – fell in just 1 week, leading the US president to declare an emergency disaster. This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the flooding, including meteorological causes and corresponding impacts on infrastructure. Geographic information system technologies were used to examine the condition of flooded regions, supported by site inspections and crowd-sourced data to identify the extent of infrastructure damage. Areas where US engineers need additional knowledge are identified, including bridge scour control and flood debris loading.
London 2012 legacy: principles, purpose, professionals and collaboration
Authors: McNevin Niall
Published: October 2014

Two years after the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, there are early signs of legacy success. This paper reviews the planning and delivery of the games legacy and identifies the elements driving success. These include early identification of legacy aims and mechanisms for safeguarding their delivery, as well as site selection and the extraordinary planning permissions secured. The temporary structures and sustainability of venues and infrastructure helped to ensure the legacy of the Olympic Park, sustainable transport and new community assets for east London. It was a unique combination of principles, purpose, professionals and collaboration.
London 2012 legacy: managing flood risk at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
Authors: Palmer David , Ker-Reid Duncan , Venn Nilani , Bruni Anna
Published: October 2014

Flood mitigation measures delivered at the London 2012 Olympic Park have reduced flood risk to more than 4000 residential and commercial properties, improving the quality of life for thousands of east London residents. Additional benefits include water quality, habitat creation, biodiversity, recreation, leisure and education. This was achieved by adopting a collaborative approach across a team that included contractors, planners and key stakeholders. The result is a true and lasting legacy for London and a model for sustainable flood risk management.
New PAS 128 standard helps put Britain's underground utilities on the map
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: October 2014

The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) has worked with BSI over the past 3 years to develop a new UK specification for underground utility detection, verification and location. Lead author Ian Bush of the ICE geospatial engineering panel introduces this much-needed new standard.
Strengthening of RC beams with opening in shear zone using external prestressing technique
Authors: Atta Ahmed Mohamed , Khalil Abd El-Hakim
Published: October 2014

Structures may need to be strengthened because they have reached their life expectancy, they may not be compatible with upgraded design standards, there may be mistakes in their design or construction, or they may have been exposed to unpredicted loads such as a vehicle strike or powerful earthquake. An experimental investigation on five strengthened and two non-strengthened rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams with openings in the shear zone was carried out to validate the effect of using external prestressing on the behaviour of the shear zone. A control beam without an opening was tested as a reference specimen. The effects of shape, dimensions and distribution of the opening on the deflection behaviour, crack patterns, mode of failure, failure loads and steel strains were examined. The test results showed that external prestressing is a very effective strengthening method to increase the shear load-carrying capacity of existing concrete beams, especially those with circular openings and rectangular openings with opening length to shear span length ratio less than 0·2.
Simultaneous equation Tobit analysis of arterial road crash rates
Authors: Xu Xuecai , Kouhpaenejad Ahmad
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to identify the influencing factors of road traffic crash rates from the perspective of access management techniques in urban areas. The target areas are located in the Las Vegas metropolitan area in the USA and 19 arterial routes were selected. To address the interdependency between crash rates and travel speeds and left-censored issue, simultaneous equation Tobit models are presented. The structure of the model addresses the left-censored issue for the segments while the simultaneous equation models treat the endogeneity issue between crash rates and travel speeds. The results indicate that there is a strong interdependency between crash rates and travel speeds. Segment length, driveway density, median (central reservation) opening density, posted speed limit and annual average daily traffic per lane were found to be statistically significant factors that influence both crash rates and travel speeds on segments. Moreover, crash rates are significantly influenced by two-directional median opening density.
Profiling crop pollinators: life history traits predict habitat use and crop visitation by Mediterranean wild bees
Authors: Pisanty Gideon , Mandelik Yael
Published: October 2014

Wild pollinators, bees in particular, may greatly contribute to crop pollination and provide a safety net against declines in commercial pollinators. However, the identity, life history traits, and environmental sensitivities of main crop pollinator species have received limited attention. These are crucial for predicting pollination services of different communities and for developing management practices that enhance crop pollinators. We sampled wild bees in three crop systems (almond, confection sunflower, and seed watermelon) in a mosaic Israeli Mediterranean landscape. Bees were sampled in field/orchard edges and interiors, and in seminatural scrub surrounding the fields/orchards. We also analyzed land cover at 50–2500 m radii around fields/orchards. We used this data to distinguish crop from non‐crop pollinators based on a set of life history traits (nesting, lecty, sociality, body size) linked to habitat preference and crop visitation. Bee abundance and species richness decreased from the surrounding seminatural habitat to the field/orchard interior, especially across the seminatural habitat−field edge ecotone. Thus, although rich bee communities were found near fields, only small fractions crossed the ecotone and visited crop flowers in substantial numbers. The bee assemblage in agricultural fields/orchards and on crop flowers was dominated by ground‐nesting bees of the tribe Halictini, which tend to nest within fields. Bees' habitat preferences were determined mainly by nesting guild, whereas crop visitation was determined mainly by sociality. Lecty and body size also affected both measures. The percentage of surrounding seminatural habitat at 250–2500 m radii had a positive effect on wild bee diversity in field edges, for all bee guilds, while at 50–100 m radii, only aboveground nesters were positively affected. In sum, we found that crop and non‐crop pollinators are distinguished by behavioral and morphological traits. Hence, analysis of life‐history traits of bee communities can help assess the pollination services they are likely to provide (when taking into account single‐visit pollination efficiency). The ecotone between agricultural fields and surrounding habitats is a major barrier that filters many bee species, particularly with regard to their nesting requirements. Thus, greater attention should be given to management practices that encourage pollinators to live and nest, and not only forage, within fields.
Mental Health of Prisoners: Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Treatment and Medication Continuity
Authors: Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. , Connell Nadine M.
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We assessed mental health screening and medication continuity in a nationally representative sample of US prisoners.

Methods. We obtained data from 18 185 prisoners interviewed in the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. We conducted survey logistic regressions with Stata version 13.

Results. About 26% of the inmates were diagnosed with a mental health condition at some point during their lifetime, and a very small proportion (18%) were taking medication for their condition(s) on admission to prison. In prison, more than 50% of those who were medicated for mental health conditions at admission did not receive pharmacotherapy in prison. Inmates with schizophrenia were most likely to receive pharmacotherapy compared with those presenting with less overt conditions (e.g., depression). This lack of treatment continuity is partially attributable to screening procedures that do not result in treatment by a medical professional in prison.

Conclusions. A substantial portion of the prison population is not receiving treatment for mental health conditions. This treatment discontinuity has the potential to affect both recidivism and health care costs on release from prison.
Ethnic Density and Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans: Threshold and Differential Effects Across Social and Demographic Subgroups
Authors: Bécares Laia , Nazroo James , Jackson James
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We examined the association between Black ethnic density and depressive symptoms among African Americans. We sought to ascertain whether a threshold exists in the association between Black ethnic density and an important mental health outcome, and to identify differential effects of this association across social, economic, and demographic subpopulations.

Methods. We analyzed the African American sample (n = 3570) from the National Survey of American Life, which we geocoded to the 2000 US Census. We determined the threshold with a multivariable regression spline model. We examined differential effects of ethnic density with random-effects multilevel linear regressions stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.

Results. The protective association between Black ethnic density and depressive symptoms changed direction, becoming a detrimental effect, when ethnic density reached 85%. Black ethnic density was protective for lower socioeconomic positions and detrimental for the better-off categories. The masking effects of area deprivation were stronger in the highest levels of Black ethnic density.

Conclusions. Addressing racism, racial discrimination, economic deprivation, and poor services—the main drivers differentiating ethnic density from residential segregation—will help to ensure that the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood is not a risk factor for poor mental health.
Use of Preventive Dental Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled, School-Aged US Children in Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Families: Trends in Pennsylvania From 2005 Through 2010
Authors: Yun Katherine , Chesnokova Arina , Shults Justine , Pinto Andres , Rubin David M.
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We describe trends in receipt of preventive dental care among Medicaid-enrolled children in Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2010, comparing the US children of immigrants with their co-ethnic peers in nonimmigrant families.

Methods. We analyzed Pennsylvania Medicaid claims, birth records, and census data for children born in Pennsylvania and enrolled in Medicaid for 10 or more months during any of the calendar years assessed.

Results. Receipt of preventive dental care was more likely among Latino children in immigrant families than among their peers in nonimmigrant families; also, it was more likely among White children in immigrant families than among their peers in nonimmigrant families. Rates of preventive dental care use among African American and Asian children in immigrant and nonimmigrant families were comparable. From 2005 to 2010, the percentage of Latino children in nonimmigrant families who received preventive dental care increased from 33% to 61%. Changes in other groups were significant but less dramatic.

Conclusions. Receipt of preventive dental care has increased among Medicaid-enrolled children in Pennsylvania, with marked gains among Latino children. Within each racial/ethnic group, the children of immigrants were either more likely than or equally likely as children in nonimmigrant families to receive care.
Tanzanian Adolescent Boys’ Transitions Through Puberty: The Importance of Context
Authors: Sommer Marni , Likindikoki Samuel , Kaaya S.
Published: October 2014

We explored the masculinity norms shaping transitions through puberty in rural and urban Tanzania and how these norms and their social-ecological context contribute to high-risk health behaviors. We conducted a qualitative case study of adolescent boys in and out of school in 2011 and 2012. Tanzania’s social and economic development is reshaping the transition into young manhood. Adolescent boys are losing traditional mechanisms of pubertal guidance, and new meanings of manhood are arising from globalization. Traditional masculinity norms, including pressures to demonstrate virility and fertility, remain strong. Adolescent boys in modernizing Tanzania receive inadequate guidance on their burgeoning sexuality. Contradictory masculinity norms from family and society are shaping their sexual expectations, with implications for their engagement in unsafe sexual behaviors.
Effect of Network Social Capital on the Chances of Smoking Relapse: A Two-Year Follow-up Study of Urban-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Moore Spencer , Teixeira Ana , Stewart Steven
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We sought to examine the prospective influence of social capital and social network ties on smoking relapse among adults.

Methods. In 2010, a 2-year follow-up study was conducted with the 2008 Montreal Neighborhood Networks and Healthy Aging Study (MoNNET-HA) participants. We asked participants in 2008 and 2010 whether they had smoked in the past 30 days. Position and name generators were used to collect data on social capital and social connections. We used multilevel logistic analysis adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors to predict smoking relapse in 2010.

Results. Of the 1400 MoNNET-HA follow-up participants, 1087 were nonsmokers in 2008. Among nonsmokers, 42 were smokers in 2010. Results revealed that participants with higher network social capital were less likely (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47, 0.96), whereas socially isolated participants (OR = 3.69; 95% CI = 1.36, 10.01) or those who had ties to smokers within the household (OR = 4.22; 95% CI = 1.52, 11.73) were more likely to report smoking in 2010.

Conclusions. Social network capital reduced the chances of smoking relapse. Smoking cessation programs might aim to increase network diversity so as to prevent relapse.
Fully Integrated e-Services for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections: Results of a 4-County Study in California
Authors: Spielberg Freya , Levy Vivian , Lensing Shelly , Chattopadhyay Ishita , Venkatasubramanian Lalitha , Acevedo Nincoshka , Wolff Peter , Callabresi Debra , Philip Susan , Lopez Teresa P. , Padian Nancy , Blake Diane R. , Gaydos Charlotte A.
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We examined the acceptability, feasibility, and cost of a fully integrated online system (eSTI) for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, treatment, and linkage to care with 4 Northern California health departments.

Methods. In April 2012, we implemented the eSTI system, which provided education; testing of self-collected vaginal swabs for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis; e-prescriptions; e-partner notification; and data integration with clinic electronic health records. We analyzed feasibility, acceptability, and cost measures.

Results. During a 3-month period, 217 women aged 18 to 30 years enrolled; 67% returned the kit. Of these, 92% viewed their results online. STI prevalence was 5.6% (chlamydia and trichomoniasis). All participants with STIs received treatment either the same day at a pharmacy (62%) or within 7 days at a clinic (38%). Among participants completing follow-up surveys, 99% would recommend the online eSTI system to a friend, and 95% preferred it over clinic-based testing within a study.

Conclusions. The fully integrated eSTI system has the potential to increase diagnosis and treatment of STIs with higher patient satisfaction at a potentially lower cost.
On the notion of visual illusions
Authors: Todorovic Dejan
Published: October 2014

The usual definitions of illusions, as incorrect perceptions or cases of
discrepancies between reality and our perception of reality, have been
criticized as inadequate. The reason is that it is not clear how to apply
this notion in a number of interesting cases. This paper is an attempt to
provide an adequate definition of illusions, appropriate for many classical
phenomena usually referred to as illusions.
Who Did the Audit? Audit Quality and Disclosures of Other Audit Participants in PCAOB Filings
Authors: Dee Carol Callaway , Lulseged Ayalew , Zhang Tianming
Published: October 2014

We empirically test whether audit quality is affected when part of an SEC issuer's audit is outsourced to auditors other than the principal auditor (“participating auditors”). We find a significantly negative market reaction and a significant decline in earnings response coefficients (ERCs) for experimental issuers disclosed for the first time as having participating auditors involved in their audits. However, we find no market reaction and no decline in ERCs for a matching sample of issuers that are not disclosed as using participating auditors, nor for issuers disclosed for the second or third time as using participating auditors. We also find actual audit quality as measured by absolute value of performance-matched discretionary accruals is lower for the experimental issuers, although we find no difference in audit fees paid by the experimental and matching issuers in a multivariate model. Our findings suggest that the PCAOB's proposed rule requiring disclosure of the use of other auditors in addition to the principal auditor would provide information useful to investors in assessing audit quality for SEC issuers.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening Using the One-Step Versus Two-Step Method in a High-Risk Practice
Authors: Fuller Kisti P. , Borgida Adam F.
Published: October 2014

IN BRIEF

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus is controversial. In their high-risk obstetrical practice, the authors did not find a difference in delivery or neonatal outcomes when using a one-step versus a two-step screening process. They did find lower rates of compliance with screening when using the one-step method.
Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia in Older People With Diabetes Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Audit
Authors: Trevest Katie , Treadway Hannah , der Cingel Gerlineke Hawkins-van , Bailey Claire , Abdelhafiz Ahmed H.
Published: October 2014

IN BRIEF

This cross-sectional audit investigates the prevalence and determinants of anemia in older people with diabetes attending an outpatient clinic. Anemia was found to be highly prevalent, affecting 59% of patients. Older age and longer duration of diabetes were the main predictors of anemia, whereas the presence of chronic kidney disease was a mediator rather than a direct cause.
Investigation into the effect of Ar ratio in He-Ar mixture side assisting gas on plasma properties during CO2 laser welding based on 3D reconstruction
Authors: Dawei Sun , Yan Cai , Yue Wu , Junjie Zhu , Yixiong Wu
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a set of synchronous CCD cameras were employed for image taking during CO2 laser welding with He-Ar mixed side assisting gas. The cameras recorded the projection of laser-induced plasma in different directions during welding process. 3D reconstruction based on algebraic reconstruction technology was performed through the projected 2D views of plasma. The volume, height on laser beam axis, and spatial inclination of plasma were extracted from the 3D reconstructed data as plasma characteristics. These characteristics were analyzed to investigate the effect of Ar ratio in He-Ar side assisting gas on plasma properties related to laser energy transfer as well as welding process stability. The experimental results demonstrate that an appropriate Ar ratio in the side assisting gas can help to suppress the plasma height interacting with incident laser and to increase the stability of welding process.
Saliva as a matrix for biomonitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to lead
Authors: Morton Jackie , Leese Elizabeth , Harding Anne-Helen , Jones Kate , Sepai Ovnair
Published: October 2014

Background: To evaluate whether salivary lead can be used as a surrogate for blood lead, and if so, over what concentration range.

Methodology: Three saliva devices were evaluated and one chosen to undertake this project. Paired saliva and blood samples were collected from 89 UK lead workers. Lead concentrations were determined using ICP-MS. In addition, haemoglobin and ZPP levels were determined in the blood samples and albumin was determined in the saliva samples to investigate standardisation using protein adjustments.

Results: The chosen saliva device gave low but consistent recoveries for lead in saliva and the blank levels were low. The mean +/- SD blood lead level was 19.9 +/- 14 μg/dl; the mean +/- SD saliva lead level was 19.1 +/- 32.5 μg/l for 89 workers. Log10-transformed data showed correlation of r=0.69. The protein adjustments did not improve the blood-saliva correlation.

Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that salivary lead measurement is feasible and correlated with blood lead levels, at least at occupational exposure levels, and may have value as a screening technique. Correlation may improve at environmental levels where exposures are generally more consistent and chronic, although this needs to be demonstrated in a genuine environmental population.
Landscape Change in Mediterranean Farmlands: Impacts of Land Abandonment on Cultivation Terraces in Portofino (Italy) and Lesvos (Greece)
Authors: Sluis Theo Van Der , Kizos Thanasis , Pedroli Bas
Published: October 2014

The Mediterranean landscape has been rapidly changing over the past decades. Many regions saw a population decline, which resulted in changing land use, abandonment of marginal lands and colonisation by shrubs and tree species. Typical features like farming terraces, olive yards, and upland grasslands have been decreasing over the past 50 years. This results in a declining biodiversity and loss of traditional Mediterranean landscapes. In this paper we assess the landscape changes that took place in two areas, in Portofino, on the Italian Riviera, and Lesvos, a Greek island near the Turkish coast. We compared land use maps and aerial photographs over the past decades to quantify the land use changes in these two areas. Additional information was acquired from farmers’ interviews and literature. We found that changes are related to societal changes in the appraisal of agricultural land uses, and to the urban expansion, tourism and recreation. These diffuse processes are a result of policy measures and autonomous societal transformations. This is confirmed by the results of two interview surveys: between 1999 and 2012 agricultural land use in Portofino regional Park and buffer zone further marginalised, and the associated landscape changes are perceived as a substantial loss of character and identity. This problem is emblematic for large parts of the Mediterranean. Comparing different landscapes reveal similar processes of landscape change, which can be related to similar driving forces. Based on such comparisons, we learn about possible trajectories of change, and ask for a comprehensive approach to land use management.
Roads and Roadless Areas in Cyprus: Implications For The Natura 2000 Network
Authors: Zomeni Maria , Vogiatzakis Ioannis. N.
Published: October 2014

The road network in Cyprus has seen an 88% increase in the last 20 years. This expansion has not been followed by any kind of assessment on the effects of the network on nature conservation. This is the first island-wide quantitative assessment of the size, character (surface types), pervasiveness and distribution of the road system with particular reference to Natura 2000 network on the island. We mapped roadless areas (i.e. areas at least one km away from nearest road) for the whole island and examined the spatial distribution with respect to Natura 2000. We tested the relationship between overall road density and road density of different road categories within terrestrial Natura 2000 sites to four zones which were defined on the basis of landform, principal land use and ownership. We employed three indices i.e. effective mesh size, splitting and division to measure fragmentation caused by the road network within Natura 2000 and investigated the relationship between road density and the above fragmentation metrics. Mean road density in Cyprus is 2.3 km/km2 which is comparable to road density values recorded in other Mediterranean countries such as France, Spain and Italy, which have much larger area and population. Roadless areas cover 4.5% of the island, and despite being scattered 80% is found within Natura 2000, which demonstrates the added value of the network for nature conservation. Road expansion has taken place throughout the island with the same intensity irrespectively of the zones examined. Fragmentation has been lower in sites on mountainous areas where sites are larger and under state ownership. Road density is negatively correlated (r = - 0.383, p = 0.05) with effective mesh size and positively correlated with both landscape division (r = 0.376, p = 0.05) and splitting index (r = 0.376, p = 0.05). Results corroborate that spatial configuration is an important property of the road network in addition to traffic load, length and density.With the shift from site based conservation to landscape level there is a challenge for integrating technical, human and ecological requirements into infrastructure planning.
Mr Loftus
Authors: Peake Mervyn
Published: October 2014

A play in 2 acts of 4 scenes, sub-titled 'A Horse of Air'
Electronic structure and possible martensitic transformation in Ni2FeIn alloy
Authors: Gu Yungao , Xue Fang , Zhao Guoqing , Liu Guodong , Liu Yang , Li Songtao
Published: October 2014

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Heusler alloys (Ni2FeIn) have been studied by first principle calculations. The possible tetragonal martensitic transformation has been predicted and the structure optimization was made on cubic austenitic Ni2FeIn in Cu2MnAl type. The equilibrium lattice constant of austenitic Ni2FeIn is 6.03 Å. In tetragonal phase, the global energy minimum occurs at c/a = 1.29. The corresponding equilibrium lattice constants for martensite Ni2FeIn are a = b = 5.5393 Å and c = 7.1457 Å, respectively. In the austenitic phase, E
F is located at the peak in the minority DOS for c/a = 0.96 to 1.20, but in the martensitic phase, E
F moves to the bottom of the valley in the minority DOS, reducing the value of N(E
F) effectively. Both austenitic and martensitic phases are ferromagnetic and the Ni and Fe partial moments contribute mainly to the total moments. Therefore, the martensitic transformation behavior in Ni2FeIn is predicted.
Investigation on structure of BaTi1−x
NbxO3 compound prepared by rotary-hydrothermal synthesis methods
Authors: Khanfekr Arsia , Tamizifar Morteza , Naghizadeh Rahim
Published: October 2014

BaTi1−x
NbxO3 compounds (with x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09) were synthesized by rotary-hydrothermal (RH) method. The process was conducted at 180 °C for 5 hours in a Teflon vessel that was rotated at a speed of 160 rpm during the hydrothermal reaction. The effects of donor concentration on the structure and properties of BaTi1−x
NbxO3 compounds were investigated. The experiments for the BaTiO3±Nb2O3 system produced by a solid state reaction at high temperature at different concentrations of niobium, with the use of RH processing have not been reported in previous works. For the phase evolution studies, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) were analyzed and Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images were taken for the detailed analysis of the grain size, surface and morphology of the compound.