bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial prediction modulates the rhythm of attentional sampling
Authors: Huang Yih-Ning , Liang Wei-Kuang , Juan Chi-Hung
Published: September 2024

Recent studies demonstrate that behavioral performance during visual spatial attention fluctuates at theta (4 to 8 Hz) and alpha (8 to 16 Hz) frequencies, linked to phase–amplitude coupling of neural oscillations within the visual and attentional system depending on task demands. To investigate the influence of prior spatial prediction, we employed an adaptive discrimination task with variable cue–target onset asynchronies (300 to 1,300 ms) and different cue validity (100% & 50%). We recorded electroencephalography concurrently and adopted adaptive electroencephalography data analytical methods, namely, Holo–Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis and Holo–Hilbert cross-frequency phase clustering. Our findings indicate that response precision for near-threshold Landolt rings fluctuates at the theta band (4 Hz) under certain predictions and at alpha & beta bands (15 & 19 Hz) with uncertain predictions. Furthermore, spatial prediction strengthens theta–alpha modulations at parietal-occipital areas, frontal theta/parietal-occipital alpha phase–amplitude coupling, and within frontal theta-alpha phase–amplitude coupling. Notably, during the pretarget period, beta-modulated gamma oscillations in parietal-occipital areas predict response precision under uncertain prediction, while frontal theta/parietal-occipital alpha phase–amplitude coupling predicts response precision in spatially certain conditions. In conclusion, our study highlights the critical role of spatial prediction in attentional sampling rhythms with both behavioral and electroencephalography evidence.
The Intestinal Mucin Isoform Landscape Reveals Region-Specific Biomarker Panels for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Stratification
Authors: Arras Wout , Breugelmans Tom , Oosterlinck Baptiste , De Man Joris G , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Abrams Steven , Van Laere Steven , Macken Elisabeth , Somers Michaël , Jauregui-Amezaga Aranzazu , De Winter Benedicte Y , Smet Annemieke
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

Mucosal healing is considered a key therapeutic endpoint in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and comprises endoscopic improvement of inflammation without taking barrier healing into account. Mucins are critical components of the mucosal barrier function that give rise to structurally diverse isoforms. Unraveling disease-associated mucin isoforms that could act as an indication for barrier function would greatly enhance IBD management.

Methods

We present the intestinal mucin RNA isoform landscape in IBD and control patients using a targeted mucin isoform sequencing approach on a discovery cohort (n = 106). Random Forest modeling (n = 1683 samples) with external validation (n = 130 samples) identified unique mucin RNA isoform panels that accurately stratified IBD patients in multiple subpopulations based on inflammation, IBD subtype (Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC]), and anatomical location of the intestinal tract (i.e. ileum, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum).

Results

Particularly, the mucin RNA isoform panels obtained from the inflamed UC and CD distal colon showed high performance in distinguishing inflamed biopsies from their control counterparts (AUC of 93.3% and 91.1% in the training, 95.0% and 96.0% in the test, and 89.5% and 78.3% in the external validation datasets, respectively). Furthermore, the differentially expressed MUC4 (PB.1238.363), MUC5AC (PB.2811.15), MUC16 (ENST00000397910.8), and MUC1 (ENST00000462317.5 and ENST00000620103.4) RNA isoforms frequently occurred throughout the different panels highlighting their role in IBD pathogenesis.

Conclusions

We unveiled region-specific mucin RNA isoform panels capturing the heterogeneity of the IBD patient population and showing great potential to indicate barrier function in IBD patients.
Health-related quality of life with rivaroxaban plus aspirin vs. aspirin alone in chronic stable cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial
Authors: Xie Feng , Yan Jiajun , Eikelboom John , Anand Sonia , Muehlhofer Eva , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Wang Yang , Avezum Alvaro , Bhatt Deepak L , Yusuf Salim , Bosch Jackie
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study aimed to compare the effects of the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin with aspirin alone on health-related quality of life in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial.

Methods and results

Health-related quality of life assessed using the EQ-5D-3L. The treatment effects on health utility and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) scores were compared between rivaroxaban plus aspirin and aspirin alone in terms of adjusted mean difference in change from baseline and odds ratio of having deterioration events. Nine thousand forty-nine (98.9%) and 6916 (75.5%) completed the EQ-5D-3L at baseline and at final visit, respectively. Nine thousand twenty-eight (98.9%) and 6887 (76.3%) completed the EQ-5D-3L at baseline and final visit, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) health utility and EQ VAS scores at baseline were 0.871 (0.141) and 76.0 (15.3), respectively, for the rivaroxaban plus aspirin group, compared with 0.873 (0.139) and 75.8 (15.1) for the aspirin group. Adjusted mean difference in change from baseline utility was −0.002 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.006, 0.002, P = 0.30] between the combination therapy group and the aspirin group. The odds ratio (95% CI) of experiencing deterioration in health utility was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.93, 1.10, P = 0.81) between the two groups. Adjusted mean difference in change from baseline EQ VAS was 0.02 (95% CI, −0.43, 0.47, P = 0.93) between the two groups.

Conclusion

This analysis of the COMPASS trial demonstrated that the quality of life of patients was similar between the rivaroxaban plus aspirin group and the aspirin alone group.

Registration

Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov number (NCT01776424). Trial protocol and statistical analysis plan: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1709118#APPNEJMoa1709118PRO.
How do Workers Adjust to Robots? Evidence from China
Authors: Giuntella Osea , Lu Yi , Wang Tianyi
Published: September 2024

We analyse the effects of exposure to industrial robots on labour market adjustments, exploring longitudinal household data from China. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in robot exposure led to a decline in labour force participation (−1%), employment (−7%) and hourly earnings (−8%) of Chinese workers. At the same time, among those who kept working, robot exposure increased the number of hours worked by 8%. These effects were concentrated among the less educated and larger among male, prime-age and older workers. We also find that more exposed workers increased their participation in technical training and were significantly more likely to retire earlier.
Bipolar radiofrequency ablation of refractory ventricular arrhythmias: results from a multicentre network
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Sultan Arian , Zarębski Łukasz , Imnadze Guram , Maslova Vera , Bordignon Stefano , Kousta Maria , Knecht Sven , Pavlović Nikola , Peichl Petr , Lian Evgeny , Kueffer Thomas , Scherr Daniel , Pfeffer Michael , Moskal Paweł , Cismaru Gabriel , Antolič Bor , Wałek Paweł , Chen Shaojie , Martinek Martin , Kollias Georgios , Derndorfer Michael , Seidl Sebastian , Schmidt Boris , Lüker Jakob , Steven Daniel , Sommer Philipp , Jastrzębski Marek , Kautzner Josef , Reichlin Tobias , Sticherling Christian , Pürerfellner Helmut , Enriquez Andres , Wörmann Jonas , Chun Julian K R
Published: September 2024

Aims

Advanced ablation strategies are needed to treat ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular complexes (PVC) refractory to standard unipolar radiofrequency ablation (Uni-RFA). Bipolar radiofrequency catheter ablation (Bi-RFA) has emerged as a treatment option for refractory VT and PVC. Multicentre registry data on the use of Bi-RFA in the setting of refractory VT and PVC are lacking. The aim of this Bi-RFA registry is to determine its real-world safety, feasibility, and efficacy in patients with refractory VT/PVC.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients undergoing Bi-RFA at 16 European centres for recurring VT/PVC after at least one standard Uni-RFA were included. Second ablation catheter was used instead of a dispersive patch and was positioned at the opposite site of the ablation target. Between March 2021 and August 2024, 91 patients underwent 94 Bi-RFA procedures (74 males, age 62 ± 13, and prior Uni-RFA range 1–8). Indications were recurrence of PVC (n = 56), VT (n = 20), electrical storm (n = 13), or PVC-triggered ventricular fibrillation (n = 2). Procedural time was 160 ± 73 min, Bi-RFA time 426 ± 286 s, and mean Uni-RFA time 819 ± 697 s. Elimination of clinical VT/PVC was achieved in 67 (74%) patients and suppression of VT/PVC in a further 10 (11%) patients. In the remaining 14 patients (15%), no effect on VT/PVC was observed. Three major complications occurred: coronary artery occlusion, atrioventricular block, and arteriovenous fistula. Follow-up lasted 7 ± 8 months. Nineteen patients (61%) remained VT free. ≥80% PVC burden reduction was achieved in 45 (78%).

Conclusion

These real-world registry data indicate that Bi-RFA appears safe, is feasible, and is effective in the majority of patients with VT/PVC.
Pollution gradients shape microbial communities associated with Ae. albopictus larval habitats in urban community gardens
Authors: Duval Penelope , Martin Edwige , Vallon Laurent , Antonelli Pierre , Girard Maxime , Signoret Aymeric , Luis Patricia , Abrouk Danis , Wiest Laure , Fildier Aurélie , Bonnefoy Christelle , Jame Patrick , Bonjour Erik , Cantarel Amelie , Gervaix Jonathan , Vulliet Emmanuelle , Cazabet Rémy , Minard Guillaume , Valiente Moro Claire
Published: September 2024

The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is well adapted to urban environments and takes advantage of the artificial containers that proliferate in anthropized landscapes. Little is known about the physicochemical, pollutant, and microbiota compositions of Ae. albopictus-colonized aquatic habitats and whether these properties differ with noncolonized habitats. We specifically addressed this question in French community gardens by investigating whether pollution gradients (characterized either by water physicochemical properties combined with pollution variables or by the presence of organic molecules in water) influence water microbial composition and then the presence/absence of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Interestingly, we showed that the physicochemical and microbial compositions of noncolonized and colonized waters did not significantly differ, with the exception of N2O and CH4 concentrations, which were higher in noncolonized water samples. Moreover, the microbial composition of larval habitats covaried differentially along the pollution gradients according to colonization status. This study opens new avenues on the impact of pollution on mosquito habitats in urban areas and raises questions on the influence of biotic and abiotic interactions on adult life-history traits and their ability to transmit pathogens to humans.
Unveiling the Virome of Wild Birds: Exploring CRESS-DNA Viral Dark Matter
Authors: Dai Ziyuan , Wang Haoning , Xu Juan , Lu Xiang , Ni Ping , Yang Shixing , Shen Quan , Wang Xiaochun , Li Wang , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Chenglin , Zhang Wen , Shan Tongling
Published: September 2024

Amid global health concerns and the constant threat of zoonotic diseases, this study delves into the diversity of circular replicase-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses within Chinese wild bird populations. Employing viral metagenomics to tackle the challenge of “viral dark matter,” the research collected and analyzed 3,404 cloacal swab specimens across 26 bird families. Metagenomic analysis uncovered a rich viral landscape, with 67.48% of reads classified as viral dark matter, spanning multiple taxonomic levels. Notably, certain viral families exhibited host-specific abundance patterns, with Galliformes displaying the highest diversity. Diversity analysis categorized samples into distinct groups, revealing significant differences in viral community structure, particularly noting higher diversity in terrestrial birds compared to songbirds and unique diversity in migratory birds versus perching birds. The identification of ten novel Circoviridae viruses, seven Smacoviridae viruses, and 167 Genomoviridae viruses, along with 100 unclassified CRESS-DNA viruses, underscores the expansion of knowledge on avian-associated circular DNA viruses. Phylogenetic and structural analyses of Rep proteins offered insights into evolutionary relationships and potential functional variations among CRESS-DNA viruses. In conclusion, this study significantly enhances our understanding of the avian virome, shedding light on the intricate relationships between viral communities and host characteristics in Chinese wild bird populations. The diverse array of CRESS-DNA viruses discovered opens avenues for future research into viral evolution, spread factors, and potential ecosystem impacts.
Confidants and Caregivers: Network Multiplexity and Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults
Authors: Shang Yongxin , Patterson Sarah E
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Older adults rely on personal networks for different types of support. Given shifts in family composition in later adulthood, more work is needed to map network members who can provide multiple aspects of support and the implications for older adults. We explore the phenomenon of having the same network members as both a confidant and a caregiver (multiplexity) and its implications for the well-being of older adults.

Methods

Using the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, we describe the prevalence of having someone as both a confidant and a caregiver (henceforth “multiplex helper”) for older adults and examine its association with subjective well-being. We also investigate the differences by having whom as multiplex helpers.

Results

About three-quarters (76%) of older adults with at least 1 confidant and 1 caregiver have at least 1 multiplex helper. Partnered older adults are more likely to have any multiplex helpers than unpartnered counterparts and usually nominate their partner as a multiplex helper, whereas the unpartnered are more likely to rely on their children to serve multiple roles, especially for widowed older adults. Having a multiplex helper is associated with better subjective well-being.

Discussion

Network multiplexity is prevalent and positively associated with the subjective well-being of older adults who have at least 1 confidant and 1 caregiver, above and beyond having any confidants or caregivers separately. The baseline patterns established in this study lay the groundwork for future research to further explore support dynamics in older adults’ networks.
Characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes influence the educational process for starting insulin pump therapy: an observational study
Authors: Izquierdo Verónica , Pazos-Couselo Marcos , González-Rodríguez María , Martínez-Santos Alba-Elena , Andujar-Plata Paula , Díaz-Trastoy Olaia , Fernández-Pombo Antía , Sigüeiro-Paulos Sara , Rodríguez-González Raquel
Published: September 2024

Limited data exist on educational programs for people using insulin pump (IP) therapy or those considering its initiation, and the influence of individual characteristics on their educational pathway remains unclear. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) referred for IP therapy and how these characteristics may influence their educational process. A retrospective descriptive observational study was carried out on people with T1D referred for participation in a structured pre-IP educational program in a hospital setting. Educational, sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and analyzed. Participants were followed up 5 years after IP placement. Seventy-one people finalized the educational program, of whom 10 experienced major barriers to completing it. People with lower educational level required more sessions and weeks to complete it compared to those with higher educational levels. People referred due to suboptimal metabolic control and hypoglycemia also required more time to complete the process. It is essential for diabetes educators to recognize the diversity of characteristics, needs and challenges among the participants in an educational program. Based on this, they must adapt strategies to provide more effective, person-centered diabetes education and support, fostering positive and sustained outcomes and engagement for participants.
Predictors of Pandemic Impact in a Rural Community: Survey Results from a Community Partnership to Support Health and Well-Being
Authors: Yates Helen T , Lee Spencer Elise , Toothman Megan
Published: September 2024

Rural communities have struggled to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite slower spread at the start of the pandemic in these areas, by 2021, they experienced higher death and hospitalization rates compared with urban areas. Increased mental health issues including stress, depression, and anxiety were also reported in rural areas following the start of the pandemic. Young people in these communities were significantly impacted by COVID-19, reporting increased stress and mental health issues. To examine the effects of COVID-19 on these local rural communities, authors conducted a survey in coordination with their community partners. The survey was completed by 119 participants across three rural counties and included 69 questions from the Pandemic Stress Index and the World Health Organization COVID-19 Rapid Quantitative Assessment Tool. Authors’ results indicated that age, depression, and anxiety were predictors of higher self-reported COVID-19 impact. The strongest predictor of high pandemic impact in the sample was the combination of depression and anxiety symptoms. Authors used these results to inform their partners about the need for increased mental health services that are tailored for young adults in their communities. More research is needed to determine which services will be most beneficial and how to best reach those in need. Social workers in both public health and mental health settings are poised to help.
Natural history of autologous sperm cryostorage
Authors: Sleiman S , Bacha F , Di Pierro I , Idan A , Savkovic S , Muir C A , Zhang T , Jayadev V , Conway A J , Handelsman D J
Published: September 2024

STUDY QUESTION

What is the natural history of elective autologous sperm cryostorage prior to gonadotoxic treatment?

SUMMARY ANSWER

We estimate large sample median times to transfer for use, to the man’s death or to discard of sperm, and their determinants, as the key operational outcomes of sperm cryostorage.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

No large sample studies of the natural history of sperm cryostorage prior to gonadotoxic treatment are reported.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

This observational single-centre study covered 45 years of outcomes with a survival analysis for sperm cryostorage prior to scheduled gonadotoxic treatment, and its determinants.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

This study included 3923 men (mean age 30 years) who sought sperm cryostorage for a wide range of cancers and other diseases requiring gonadotoxic treatments.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

The median time to transfer for use (n = 371 men 9%) was 2.4 years (quartiles 1.0, 6.0), the median time to death (n = 553 men, 14%) was 1.7 (0.9, 3.3) years, and the median time to discard (n = 1807 men, 46%) was 7.7 (1.7, 11.1) years. In multivariate Cox model regression, the underlying disease, number of storage visits and follow-up visits, and whether sperm were seen at follow-up visits were consistent predictors of times to outcomes.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

This study did not investigate sperm cryostorage for reasons other than gonadotoxic treatment, nor the fertilization outcomes of the cryostored sperm.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

These data provide estimates of the key operational factors for sperm cryostorage programs, prior to potentially sterilizing gonadotoxic treatments, and free from financial or insurance restrictions.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

There was no specific funding for this study. D.J.H. has provided expert witness testimony to antidoping and professional standards tribunals and is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant. The other authors have no disclosures.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.
Twin long short-term memory for environmental hierarchical planning of low-carbon landscape architecture
Authors: Ren Lizhuo , Xu Ning
Published: September 2024

In light of the pressing need to mitigate carbon emissions and safeguard the environment, the imperative of imbuing landscape planning with low-carbon principles has taken center stage. This investigative endeavor embarks on a pioneering trajectory by presenting a groundbreaking methodology for low-carbon landscape planning, employing the twin long short-term memory (LSTM) model. This innovative approach endeavors to seamlessly amalgamate urban landscape development with low-carbon practices. Initially, we lay the foundation by introducing an all-encompassing big data framework, which serves as the bedrock for processing historical environmental data within the landscape planning domain. Subsequently, we advocate for the adoption of the twin LSTM model, which proficiently anticipates the dynamic trajectories of low-carbon environments. Moreover, we ascertain that the optimization of feature correlations in the planning process culminates in the formulation of bespoke strategies tailored to low-carbon planning. The empirical evidence substantiates the superiority of our approach, surpassing analogous algorithms in both performance and scope. Furthermore, our holistic methodology diligently accounts for the far-reaching ramifications of socio-economic factors, ecological considerations, and cultural landscapes. This comprehensive vantage point augments the efficacy and durability of planning initiatives, thereby diligently shepherding the trajectory of urban landscapes towards a realm characterized by low-carbon practices and sustainable environmental construction.
International research priorities for integrated care and cross-boundary working: an electronic Delphi study
Authors: Scott Jason , Waring Justin , Abuosi Aaron Asibi , Agada-Amade Yakubu Adole , Bashar Jibril Muhammad , De Brún Aoife , Cann Henry , Crowley Philip , Dewa Lindsay H , Spanos Samantha , Wiig Siri
Published: September 2024

Background

Integrated care can be broadly defined as the delivery of high-quality and safe care for patients as they cross organizational boundaries or when care is delivered with multiple health care teams, professions, or organizations. Successful integration of care services is contingent on multiple and complex factors across macro, meso, and micro levels of health and social care systems in lower-, middle-, and higher-income countries. Previous priorities for the future development of integrated care have focused on designing and implementing models or approaches to integrated care rather than establishing the research needed to underpin them. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by developing a consensus on international research priorities related to integration of care and cross-boundary working.

Methods

We conducted a sequential electronic Delphi (eDelphi) study from September 2023 to December 2023. The eDelphi process consisted of initial priority generation followed by two rounds of consensus development via an online survey. Sixty-six priorities were generated by 19 delegates at an international conference workshop titled, ‘Priority setting for future research on integration of care and cross-boundary working’. Workshop delegates then identified other experts in integrated care and cross-boundary working from their networks. In each eDelphi round, participants then provided item-by-item responses using a seven-point Likert scale, with consensus defined a priori as ≥80% agreement (strongly agree or agree). Priorities that reached consensus were conceptually grouped into topics.

Results

Twenty-five of 66 unique (37.9%) research priorities achieved consensus after two eDelphi rounds. In Round 1, 63/85 (74.1%) experts from 10 countries across 4 continents achieved consensus on 12/66 (18.2%) priorities. In Round 2, 51/63 (81.0%) experts achieved consensus on a further 13/54 (24.1%) priorities. From the 25 priorities, we derived six conceptual groupings that represent broad topics for future research on integrated care and cross-boundary working: (i) access to care, (ii) data sharing and technology, (iii) measurement of care quality, (iv) patient experience and satisfaction, (v) service design, integration and governance, and (vi) teamwork and leadership.

Conclusion

Integrating care services and improving cross-boundary working is important for improving the quality of care provided to patients, regardless of country. Therefore, the conceptual topics and individual priorities identified in this study can inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers when designing or evaluating integrated care services across the world in pursuit of improved integrated care systems.
VMAP: Vaginal Microbiome Atlas during Pregnancy
Authors: Parraga-Leo Antonio , Oskotsky Tomiko T , Oskotsky Boris , Wibrand Camilla , Roldan Alennie , Tang Alice S , Ha Connie W Y , Wong Ronald J , Minot Samuel S , Andreoletti Gaia , Kosti Idit , Theis Kevin R , Ng Sherrianne , Lee Yun S , Diaz-Gimeno Patricia , Bennett Phillip R , MacIntyre David A , Lynch Susan V , Romero Roberto , Tarca Adi L , Stevenson David K , Aghaeepour Nima , Golob Jonathan L , Sirota Marina
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To enable interactive visualization of the vaginal microbiome across the pregnancy and facilitate discovery of novel insights and generation of new hypotheses.

Material and Methods

Vaginal Microbiome Atlas during Pregnancy (VMAP) was created with R shiny to generate visualizations of structured vaginal microbiome data from multiple studies.

Results

VMAP (http://vmapapp.org) visualizes 3880 vaginal microbiome samples of 1402 pregnant individuals from 11 studies, aggregated via open-source tool MaLiAmPi. Visualized features include diversity measures, VALENCIA community state types, and composition (phylotypes, taxonomy) that can be filtered by various categories.

Discussion

This work represents one of the largest and most geographically diverse aggregations of the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy to date and serves as a user-friendly resource to further analyze vaginal microbiome data and better understand pregnancies and associated outcomes.

Conclusion

VMAP can be obtained from https://github.com/msirota/vmap.git and is currently deployed as an online app for non-R users.
Quality–Quantity Tradeoffs in Consumption
Authors: Dias Rodrigo S , Sharma Eesha , Fitzsimons Gavan J
Published: September 2024

Tradeoffs between quality and quantity are widespread in consumer decision-making. While existing research has focused on situational and contextual factors driving choices of higher-quality or higher-quantity purchases, in the current work, we find that consumers possess generalized preferences for quality or quantity across purchase categories. Some consumers systematically prefer quality over quantity, and others systematically prefer quantity over quality. In 32 studies (N = 24,404) that use correlational, experimental, and longitudinal designs, and proprietary data from the Federal Reserve Bank, the current research introduces quality–quantity preferences as a novel facet of consumer decision-making. Studies 1–3 demonstrate quality–quantity preferences as an individual difference, develop the “quality-quantity tradeoffs” scale to measure it, and demonstrate that it is different from related existing constructs. Studies 4A–5 show that consumers who prefer quantity over quality spend more money, borrow more, and accrue more debt, indicating that quality–quantity preferences are consequential. Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of quality–quantity preferences as a driver of consumer behavior and pave the way for future research investigating the causes and consequences of consumers’ dispositions toward quality or quantity.
An investigation on coupling analysis and vibration rectification of vibration isolation system for strap-down inertia measurement unit
Authors: Hung Hsien-Hsiu , Huang Yu-Hsi , Ma Chien-Ching
Published: September 2024

The development and deployment of high-precision positioning and orientation systems rely heavily on strap-down inertial measurement units (IMU), which are an integral part of aircraft navigation and launch systems. However, careful study and ongoing use of microelectromechanical systems inertial sensor assemblies (MEMS ISA) present the challenge of vibration disturbances that can significantly degrade the performance of IMU. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a vibration isolation system (VIS) based on a motion decoupling mechanism. The designed VIS dynamically decouples 6 degrees of freedom motion, effectively isolating the IMU from external vibrations while allowing free movement, thereby significantly improving control of vibration-induced motion changes. Our approach is validated through finite element simulations and random vibration tests, showing that the proposed VIS effectively reduces transmission measurement errors in IMU. The sensitivity of MEMS ISA to various vibration amplitudes and frequencies can lead to severe vibration correction errors. Therefore, reducing noise and offset is critical for systems that must operate reliably in harsh environments. This study not only explores vibration correction, but also provides a feasible solution through VIS design that can significantly reduce noise and deviation, helping to improve the durability and accuracy of the system. This research is clear that integrating well-designed VIS can significantly improve the resilience and accuracy of MEMS-based inertial systems, paving the way for more robust applications in the aerospace and defense industry.
Lost and found: a unique foregut gastrointestinal bullet embolism
Authors: Landwehr Hunter J , Hinton Jared B , Loudon Andrew M , Moorman Matthew L
Published: September 2024

Bullet embolism is a rare phenomenon where a bullet migrates from its original point of entry to a distant site within the body. This brief report describes a case of a bullet embolism entering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the posterior oropharynx. The patient initially presented with a gunshot wound to the left scapula, and the bullet was later identified in the GI tract. The patient was managed with a combination of endoscopic techniques and serial imaging, avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic strategies and tailored management in GI bullet embolism. It also emphasizes the utility of endoscopy in detecting GI tract injuries and highlights the successful use of non-operative management in specific scenarios.
Linking root cell wall width with plant functioning under drought conditions
Authors: Han Qinwen , Yang Qingpei , Guo Binglin , Kong Deliang
Published: September 2024

This article comments on:

Sidhu JS, Lopez-Valdivia I, Strock CF, Schneider HM, Lynch JP. 2024. Cortical parenchyma wall width regulates root metabolic cost and maize performance under suboptimal water availability. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae191.
Imaging and Segmenting Grains and Subgrains Using Backscattered Electron Techniques
Authors: Bennett Thomas J , Taleff Eric M
Published: September 2024

We present two new methods of processing data from backscattered electron signals in a scanning electron microscope to image grains and subgrains. The first combines data from multiple backscattered electron images acquired at different specimen geometries to (1) better reveal grain boundaries in recrystallized microstructures and (2) distinguish between recrystallized and unrecrystallized regions in partially recrystallized microstructures. The second utilizes spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to produce high angular resolution orientation data that enable the characterization of subgrains. Subgrains are produced during high-temperature plastic deformation and have boundary misorientation angles ranging from a few degrees down to a few hundredths of a degree. We also present an algorithm to automatically segment grains from combined backscattered electron image data or grains and subgrains from high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction data. Together, these new techniques enable rapid measurements of individual grains and subgrains from large populations.
Neo-Hasidism: The Questions are Theological
Authors: Green Arthur
Published: September 2024

The article opens with a brief definitional and historical summary of the phenomenon called Neo-Hasidism, referring to the adoption of Hasidic modes of thought, devotion, and praxis by Jews outside the traditional Hasidic communities. This is to be distinguished from Neo-Hasidism as a literary-artistic movement of the early twentieth century. The article then turns to what the author considers to be Hasidism’s most basic religious innovation, the popularization of a panentheistic notion of a God-infused universe and its implications for Hasidic Judaism. From here, he turns to some key theological issues as presented in early Hasidic sources, extensively quoted and referenced. These include concepts of God, revelation, mitzvot, and claims of religious exclusivism. In each case, he asks how this Hasidic view might be adapted for use in a contemporary neo-Hasidic context.
Prevalence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergilli in the environment from Argentina
Authors: Molinero Rocío L , Hermida Alava Katherine S , Brito Devoto Tomás , Sautua Francisco , Carmona Marcelo , Cuestas María L , Pena Gabriela A
Published: September 2024

Azole resistance has emerged as a new therapeutic challenge in patients with aspergillosis. Various resistance mutations are attributed to the widespread use of triazole-based fungicides in agriculture. This study explored the prevalence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) and other aspergilli in the Argentine environment. A collection of A. fumigatus and other aspergilli strains isolated from soil of growing crops, compost, corn, different animal feedstuffs, and soybean and chickpea seeds were screened for azole resistance. No ARAF was detected in any of the environmental samples studied. However, five A. flavus, one A. ostianus, one A. niger and one A. tamarii recovered from soybean and chickpea seeds showed reduced susceptibility to medical azole antifungals (MAA). The susceptibility profiles of five A. flavus isolates, showing reduced susceptibility to demethylase inhibitors (DMIs), were compared with those of 10 isolates that exhibited susceptibility to MAA. Aspergillus flavus isolates that showed reduced MAA susceptibility exhibited different susceptibility profiles to DMIs. Prothioconazole and tebuconazole were the only DMIs significantly less active against isolates with reduced susceptibility to MAA. Although no ARAF isolates were found in the samples analysed, other aspergilli with reduced susceptibility profile to MAA being also important human pathogens causing allergic, chronic and invasive aspergillosis, are present in the environment in Argentina. Although a definitive link between triazole-based fungicide use and isolation of azole-resistant human pathogenic aspergilli from agricultural fields in Argentina remains elusive, this study unequivocally highlights the magnitude of the environmental spread of azole resistance among other Aspergillus species.
Evolution of HOD and galaxy properties in filaments and nodes of the cosmic web
Authors: Perez Noelia R , Pereyra Luis A , Coldwell Georgina , Alfaro Ignacio G , Rodriguez Facundo , Ruiz Andrés N
Published: September 2024

We study the evolution of the halo occupation distribution (HOD) and galaxy properties of nodes and filamentary structures obtained by disperse from the Illustris TNG300-1 hydrodynamical simulation, in the redshift range $0 \le z \le 2$. We compute the HOD in filaments and nodes and fit the HOD parameters to study their evolution for both faint and bright galaxies. In nodes, the number of faint galaxies increases with decreasing redshift in the low-mass haloes, while no significant differences are seen in high-mass haloes. Limiting the HOD to bright galaxies shows that haloes increase in mass more than the number of bright galaxies they accrete. For filaments, no large differences in HOD are found for faint galaxies, although for brighter galaxies the behaviour is the same as in nodes. The HOD parametrization suggests that filaments have no effect on the mass required to host a galaxy (central or satellite), whereas nodes do. The results of the study indicate that with this parametrization, filaments do not seem to affect the stellar mass content of galaxies. In contrast, nodes appear to affect haloes with masses below approximately $10^{12.5} h^{-1} {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at local redshift. The analysis of the galaxy colour evolution shows a reddening towards lower redshift, although these processes seem to be more efficient in massive haloes, with a strong effect on bright galaxies. The general evolution suggests that the building of galaxy population within haloes is influenced by both the accretion of faint galaxies and the mass growth of the bright ones.
Exploring the early afterglow polarization of GRB 190829A
Authors: do E. S. Pedreira A C Caligula , Fraija N , Dichiara S , Veres P , Dainotti M G , Galvan-Gamez A , Becerra R L , Betancourt Kamenetskaia B
Published: September 2024

GRB 190829A has been widely studied due to its nature and the high-energy emission presented. Due to the detection of a very high energy component by the High Energy Stereoscopic System and the event’s atypically middling luminosity, it has been categorized in a select, limited group of bursts bordering classic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and nearby sub-energetic events. Given the range of models utilized to adequately characterize the afterglow of this burst, it has proven challenging to identify the most probable explanation. Nevertheless, the detection of polarization data provided by the MASTER (Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope Robots) collaboration has added a new aspect to GRB 190829A that permits us to attempt to explore this degeneracy. In this paper, we present a polarization model coupled with a thin-shell synchrotron forward-shock model – a component in all models used to describe GRB 190829A’s afterglow – in order to fit the polarization’s temporal evolution with the existing upper limits ($\Pi < 6{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$). We find that the polarization generated from an on-axis emission is favoured for strongly anisotropic magnetic field ratios, while an off-axis scenario cannot be fully ruled out when a more isotropic framework is taken into account.
Forming planetary systems that contain only minor planets
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Ida Shigeru
Published: September 2024

Estimates of the frequency of planetary systems in the Milky Way are observationally limited by the low-mass planet regime. Nevertheless, substantial evidence for systems with undetectably low planetary masses now exists in the form of main-sequence stars that host debris discs, as well as metal-polluted white dwarfs. Further, low-mass sections of star formation regions impose upper bounds on protoplanetary disc masses, limiting the capacity for terrestrial or larger planets to form. Here, we use planetary population synthesis calculations to investigate the conditions that allow planetary systems to form only minor planets and smaller detritus. We simulate the accretional, collisional, and migratory growth of $10^{17}$ kg embryonic seeds and then quantify which configurations with entirely sub-Earth-mass bodies ($\lesssim\!\! 10^{24}$ kg) survive. We find that substantial regions of the initial parameter space allow for sub-terrestrial configurations to form, with the success rate most closely tied to the initial dust mass. Total dust mass budgets of up to $10^2 \ \mathrm{ M}_{\oplus }$ within 10 au can be insufficiently high to form terrestrial or giant planets, resulting in systems with only minor planets. Consequently, the prevalence of planetary systems throughout the Milky Way might be higher than what is typically assumed, and minor planet-only systems may help inform the currently uncertain correspondence between planet-hosting white dwarfs and metal-polluted white dwarfs.
CircaKB: a comprehensive knowledgebase of circadian genes across multiple species
Authors: Zhu Xingchen , Han Xiao , Li Zhijin , Zhou Xiaobo , Yoo Seung-Hee , Chen Zheng , Ji Zhiwei
Published: September 2024

Circadian rhythms, which are the natural cycles that dictate various physiological processes over a 24-h period, have been increasingly recognized as important in the management and treatment of various human diseases. However, the lack of sufficient data and reliable analysis methods have been a major obstacle to understanding the bidirectional interaction between circadian variation and human health. We have developed CircaKB, a comprehensive knowledgebase of circadian genes across multiple species. CircaKB is the first knowledgebase that provides systematic annotations of the oscillatory patterns of gene expression at a genome-wide level for 15 representative species. Currently, CircaKB contains 226 time-course transcriptome datasets, covering a wide variety of tissues, organs, and cell lines. In addition, CircaKB integrates 12 computational models to facilitate reliable data analysis and identify oscillatory patterns and their variations in gene expression. CircaKB also offers powerful functionalities to its users, including easy search, fast browsing, strong visualization, and custom upload. We believe that CircaKB will be a valuable tool and resource for the circadian research community, contributing to the identification of new targets for disease prevention and treatment. We have made CircaKB freely accessible at https://cdsic.njau.edu.cn/CircaKB.
PTMD 2.0: an updated database of disease-associated post-translational modifications
Authors: Huang Xinhe , Feng Zihao , Liu Dan , Gou Yujie , Chen Miaomiao , Tang Dachao , Han Cheng , Peng Jianzhen , Peng Di , Xue Yu
Published: September 2024

Various post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently associated with human diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive database of PTMs associated with diseases (PTMD 2.0), including 342 624 PTM–disease associations (PDAs) in 15 105 proteins for 93 types of PTMs and 2083 diseases. Based on the distinct PTM states in diseases, we classified all PDAs into six categories: upregulation (U) or downregulation (D) of PTM levels, absence (A) or presence (P) of PTMs, and creation (C) or disruption (N) of PTM sites. We provided detailed annotations for each PDA and carefully annotated disease-associated proteins by integrating the knowledge from 101 additional resources that covered 13 aspects, including disease-associated information, variation and mutation, protein–protein interaction, protein functional annotation, DNA and RNA element, protein structure, chemical–target relationship, mRNA expression, protein expression/proteomics, subcellular localization, biological pathway annotation, functional domain annotation and physicochemical property. With a data volume of ∼8 GB, we anticipate that PTMD 2.0 will serve as a fundamental resource for further analysing the relationships between PTMs and diseases. The online service of PTMD 2.0 is freely available at https://ptmd.biocuckoo.cn/.
Phytoactives for Obesity Management: Integrating Nanomedicine for Its Effective Delivery
Authors: Mandal Ashok Kumar , Sahoo Ankit , Almalki Waleed H , Almujri Salem Salman , Alhamyani Abdulrahman , Aodah Alhussain , Alruwaili Nabil K , Abdul Kadir Sharifah Zamiah Binti Syed , Mandal Rambha Kumari , Almalki Rami A , Lal Jonathan A , Rahman Mahfoozur
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a global health concern that requires urgent investigation and management. While synthetic anti-obesity medications are available, they come with a high risk of side-effects and variability in their efficacy. Therefore, natural compounds are increasingly being used to treat obesity worldwide. The proposition that naturally occurring compounds, mainly polyphenols, can be effective and safer for obesity management through food and nutrient fortification is strongly supported by extensive experimental research. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of obesity while reviewing the efficacy of an array of phytoactives used for obesity treatment. It details mechanisms such as enzyme inhibition, energy expenditure, appetite suppression, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and modulation of gut microbiota. Comprehensive in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical studies underscore the promise of phytoactives in combating obesity, which have been thoroughly reviewed. However, challenges, such as poor bioavailability and metabolism, limit their potential. Advances in nanomedicines may overcome these constraints, offering a new avenue for enhancing the efficacy of phytoactives. Nonetheless, rigorous and targeted clinical trials are essential before applying phytoactives as a primary treatment for obesity.
Optimal taxation under status consumption and preferences for equality
Authors: Aronsson Thomas , Sjögren Tomas , Yadav Sonal
Published: September 2024

This article analyses optimal taxation when (1) a fraction of people has positional preferences, and (2) concerns for relative consumption and preferences for equality are operative simultaneously. We show that incentive compatibility motivates a regressive marginal tax structure, which in the end implies that people with positional preferences are taxed at a lower marginal rate than people without such preferences. A counteracting mechanism arises if those who are not concerned with their relative consumption have preferences for income-equality, even if people with positional preferences should still be taxed at a lower marginal rate than motivated by their contributions to externalities.