bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La isla desierta de Roberto Arlt: una contertulia con el teatro de la crueldad de Antonin Artaud en la caverna de Platón
Authors: Mavridis Spyros
Published: June 2014

El artículo explora las convergencias entre el teatro de la crueldad de Antonin Artaud y la búsqueda paralela de Roberto Arlt en el caso concreto de su obra La isla desierta. Se apuntan las influencias rastreables en esta pieza y se señala su inspiración como originada en el símil de la caverna de Platón. Asimismo, se realiza una síntesis de estos dos proyectos teatrales, donde se exponen las afinidades, como también las diferencias entre las dos versiones de la crueldad.
The Use of Sensorial Marketing in Stores
Authors: Suárez Mónica Gómez , Gumiel Cristina García
Published: June 2014

The main concern of this chapter is to develop a state-of-the-art of the literature referring to the use of sensorial marketing within the store. For this purpose, a deep interdisciplinary review of the theoretical and empirical works related to this discipline has been carried out. Thanks to this review, the link between some sensorial stimuli and consumer behavior has been demonstrated, but also the lack of research in some areas of study has been identified. This chapter provides a general overview of the sensorial variables used within the store by the managers, their main effects in the consumer behavior, and the most important model, the SOR model, to explain these relations. Conclusions, managerial implication, and recommendations for future research are provided.
An Exploratory Study of Client-Vendor Relationships for Predicting the Effects of Advanced Technology-Based Retail Scenarios
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Timmermans Harry
Published: June 2014

Continuous advancements in technology make available a huge number of advanced systems that enhance consumers' in-store experience and shopping activity. In fact, the introduction of in-store technologies such as self-service systems, interactive displays, digital signage, etc. has impacted the retail process in multiple ways, including client-vendor interactions. While in a traditional offline context retailers exploit the development of interpersonal relationships for increasing consumers' trust, loyalty, and satisfaction, in a technology-mediated context this process becomes more difficult. To advance our knowledge and predict the future diffusion of these technologies, it is necessary to answer the following questions: (1) to what extent do consumers trust (physical) retailers' suggestions? and (2) to what extent will consumers substitute the opinion of a physical seller with virtual recommendations? The aim of this chapter is to assess the typology of current existing relationships between vendor (retail staff) and clients, with special emphasis on consumers' trust towards their suggestions. To achieve this goal, the chapter focuses on a comparison of consumers' perception of suggestions proposed by physical friends and suggestions proposed online (e.g. through social networks). The findings provide a benchmark to evaluate current client-vendor and client-social networks relationships and enhance our understanding of the possible substitution of physical vendors by recommendations systems based on advanced technologies.
Retail Innovativeness
Authors: Saura Irene Gil , Molina María Eugenia Ruiz , Contrí Gloria Berenguer
Published: June 2014

Retailers have to operate in highly competitive environments, where innovation may become a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This chapter aims at exploring the relationship between retail innovativeness and the level of technological advancement as well as the ICT solutions implemented by store chains of four retail activities (e.g. grocery, textile, electronics, and furniture and decoration). In addition to this, the authors test the existence of significant differences in consumer perceptions and behavioral intentions between retailers perceived as high innovators and those considered low innovators. As a result, differences in consumer behaviour are found between high and low innovators that may be explained by the strong relationship between retail innovativeness and the technology implemented by the store. Notwithstanding, these findings are sensitive to the type of product sold by the store.
Retailer-Customers Relationships in the Online Setting
Authors: Castaldo Sandro , Grosso Monica
Published: June 2014

Internet merchants are compelled to collect personal information from customers in order to deliver goods and services effectively. However, the ease with which data can be acquired and disseminated across the Web has led to many potential customers demonstrating growing concerns about disclosing personal information. This chapter analyzes the interaction between two strategies that firms can use to alter potential customers' cost/benefit evaluation and increase information disclosure: the development of initial trust and compensation. The derived hypotheses are tested by means of two experimental studies, whose findings are compared across two different consumer target groups.
A Modified Current Controller for H-Bridge Active Filter to Reduce Harmonics in Single Phase System
Authors: Naraina A. , Deepa S.N.
Published: June 2014

— this paper presents a digital current controller for H-bridge pulse width modulation (PWM) converters, whose sampling frequency equals quadruple of the switching frequency,. This current regulator detects the ac current and manipulates the voltage reference not only at the upper and lower peaks of the PWM triangle carrier but also at its zero crossings. A modified deadbeat current regulator is proposed to suppress the current oscillation induced by the voltage error, based on the theoretical analysis. Experimental results are shown to verify the control performance of the proposed current regulator. Moreover, a proposed current regulator is applied to a single-phase active power filter to demonstrate the effectiveness in harmonic compensation. Index Terms—Current regulators, digital control, DSPs, pulsewidth modulation (PWM), shunt active filters.
Area Efficient Carry Select Adder Using Negative Edge Triggered D-Flipflop
Authors: Ponnusamy Anitha , Ramanathan Palaniappan
Published: June 2014

The recent increase in popularity of portable systems and rapid growth of packaging density in VLSI circuit’s has enable designers to design complex functional units on a single chip. Power, area and speed plays a major role in the design and optimization of an integrated circuit. Carry select adder is high speed final stage adder widely used in many data processing units. In this work, conventional D-flip flop is replaced by a new design using negative edge triggered D-flip flop. The proposed CSA is implemented in a faster partitioned Dadda multiplier and simulated by using MICROWIND tool. The results reveal that for 16 bit CSA improvement of power delay product (PDP) of the proposed design using negative edge triggered D flip flop is 78% & 18% when compared to CSA with BEC and CSA with conventional D flip flop. When CSA implemented in a partitioned Dadda multiplier it results in performance improvement of 74 % with little increase in total power dissipation.
Effects of Roughness Scattering in Carrier Transport of Near Ballistic Silicon NanoWire MOSFET
Authors: Arafat I.Sheik , Balamurugan N.B. , Priya C.
Published: June 2014

– In this paper, we have investigated the Scattering effects in Carrier Transport of Near-ballistic SiNW MOSFET, which incorporates elastic scattering, optical phonon emission and its combination with Roughness Scattering. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Proposed model is compared with Natori’s Ballistic and Quasi-Ballistic Transport model. We study the impact of Surface Roughness in the device leads on the current variability of a Gate-All-Around (GAA) SiNW MOSFET, which shows a remarkable decrease in electric current, mobility variation and transconductance because of scattered mobility. Analog parameters like the transconductance (gm), the transconductance generation factor (gm/Id), the early voltage (VA) have also been investigated. Effectiveness of the proposed model has been confirmed by comparing the analytical results with the TCAD simulation results.
An Integrated Design of Current Conveyor II Based Analog PID Controller and Analyze the Control by Using PID Tuning Rule
Authors: Sainath K.V. , Prabhakar G. , Selvaperumal S.
Published: June 2014

In this Proposal, a new current conveyor based analog PID controller is designed. The second generation current conveyor circuit (CCII+) is used, because of its low voltage, low power characteristics and wide dynamic range of application. The current conveyor based analog PID controller was designed and verified by using Proteus Design Suite. The transfer function of the entire circuit is verified by using MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and the experimental results show that the new CCII+ based PID controller performs as like as that of conventional operational amplifier based PID controller. To verify the feasibility of the circuit, a well known Ziegler Nichols tuning rule is applied.
Analytical Design of Fractional Order Proportional Integral Controller for Spherical Tank
Authors: Cherian Neenu Elizabeth , Sundaravadivu K.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an analytical design method for fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller for the spherical tank which is modelled as a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) process. The design is based on the Bode’s ideal transfer function and fractional calculus. By using frequency domain, the proposed FOPI tuning rules are directly derived for a generalized first order plus dead time process and then applied to the transfer functions obtained at various operating points of the spherical tank. The performance of the designed FOPI controller is compared with the conventional integer order proportional integral derivative (IOPID) controller in simulation.
Ban Technology Based Wearable Wireless Sensors for Real-Time Environments
Authors: Venneti Kiran , Lenin M. , Thilagavathy D. Archana
Published: June 2014

In recent years, there is a pressing need for energy conservation measures against power shortages. It is important to create a relaxed and healthy environment in order to improve the quality of life as well as the effectiveness of work. We get into the revolution concept of BAN (Body Area Network), In order to provide suitable personalized services, human information data needs to be monitored and analyzed. We have developed a wearable sensing system which measures biological data and activity data in daily life using body area network technologies. Like, air conditioning to control thermal environment uses a lot of (non-renewable) electric power. In focus to achieve a good balance between energy consumption and comfortable feeling for human, and a smart system to control thermal environment intelligently has been required. This paper proposes the smart system that estimates individual thermal comfort using skin wearable wireless sensors along with we will do longer-term measurements for data accumulation through data logger with the support of IEEE802.15.6.Here we utilize some key sensors are used like skin temperature sensor and ECG sensors and indoor monitoring through Thermo hygrometer to measure the humidity. Skin temperature will be improved to worn in suits and maximize to hide the load, and every sensor informations are connected to data monitoring server for human conditional analysis.
Quad Band Planar Inverted F Antenna for Smart Phone
Authors: Manikandan R. , Jawahar P.K.
Published: June 2014

In recent years, the demand for compact handheld communication devices has grown significantly. For device miniaturization antenna size is to be reduced. Micro strip and PIFA have been used for past few years. Since it has low profile geometry it can be embedded into devices. This project is to develop a Quad band small size Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for the operation in modern multi-band mobile transceiver system. Various techniques for analysis and design of such antenna investigated in this project. The design curve is used to design Quad band Planar inverted F Antenna to operate at the 900, 1800, 2100 and 3500 MHz bands. Since High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation result agrees well with the theoretical predictions, this project also designed through HFSS. An antenna designed at the four desired band and optimized to adjust the four resonance frequencies using HFSS simulation. The substrate FR4 (εr=4.4 & tanδ = 0.02) are in good agreement with the simulation result. Further bandwidth enhancements by making defects in the substrate at particular area were need of much reflection.
Performance Analysis of Coded Reception in Multipath Fading Channels with Wavelet Packet Based OFDM Transmission
Authors: Thavaselan Gopinathan , Hemamalini Ranganathan Rani
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Radio propagation on wireless channels depends on many static and dynamic factors like, buildings, trees, mountains, frequency of operation, velocity of mobile stations and interfering sources. Mathematical models for channel are considered for various communication functions like, predicting radio coverage, estimation of interferences from various sources, estimating the characteristics of an alternate transmitter and receiver, achievable data rates and for determining the location for wireless infrastructure. Signal propagation in fading channels cause degradation of signal QoS. OFDM is often used to mitigate fading effects in wireless channels; the paper describes the disadvantage of OFDM and provides a wavelet based solution to surmount it. The paper also investigates the BER vs. SNR performance of modified OFDM using wavelet packet in Rayleigh and Rician Channels and the results are compared with conventional OFDM.
RETRACTED: Survey of Clustering and Outlier Detection Techniques in Data Mining: A Research Perspective
Authors: Devi R. Delshi Howsalya , Devi M. Indra
Published: June 2014

The Outlier detection is one of the major issues that has been worked out deeply within the Data Mining domain. It has been used to detect dissimilar observations within the data taken into the account. Detection of outliers helps to recognize the system faults and thereby helping the administrators to take preventive measures before it rises. In this paper, we recommends a comprehensive survey of an outlier detection. We anticipate this survey will support a better understanding of various directions in which experimental approach can be done on this topic.
Sensor Data Hiding Based on Image Watermarking Using Interpolation Technique over Inter-Packet Delays
Authors: Ramya K.P. , Chithra Devi R. , Revathi M.K. , Annapandi P.
Published: June 2014

Large number of application areas, like location-based services, transaction logs, sensor networks are qualified by uninterrupted data stream from many. Sensor data handling of continuous data needs to cover various issues, admitting the storage efficiency, processing throughput, bandwidth conception and secure transmission. This paper addresses the challenges by providing secure and efficient transmission of sensor data by embedding it over the inter-packet delays (IPDs). The embedding of sensor data within a host medium makes this technique reminiscent of watermarking. Interpolation technique is used to hide the sensor data into an image which is send to another node. By enforcing linear enlargement to interpolation-errors, a extremely effective reversible watermarking scheme is achieved, which can ensure high image quality without sacrificing embedding capacity. Time-Based flow watermarking technique is proposed, that avoids data degradation due to traditional watermarking. Sensor data is extracted effectively based on the inter-packet delays that minimizes the probability of decoding error. The outcome of the observation depicts that this system is scalable and highly resilient in sensor data.
Cloud Computing in the Field of Rural Education
Authors: Sukanesh R. , Kanmani A.
Published: June 2014

In this period of prevalence of Cloud Computing, SaaS, Virtualization and Software renting, what would be the magnitude of their impact in the field of education As an academician, one can visualize a lot of benefits in a variety of ways, if the benefits offered by these concepts are exploited in a productive and cost effective manner. When the gap of availability of knowledge and guidance, among rural students is bridged, the results are bound to be tremendously exciting. Since this research is about spreading knowledge, targeting the rural population, the aim is to concentrate on renting software free of cost. This research takes cognizance of the fact; the evolution in the field of virtualization of hardware and software; sets out to explore, how the technologies be successfully married to education, for the empowerment of the poor and rich alike. This paper therefore analyzes the current advancement in virtualization, various aspects of SaaS and Software renting in detail and suggests that the best way is to take the cautious approach, at every step to adopt these technologies/concepts. This also suggests starting small and scaling up the entire adoption after performing the due diligence of long term impacts, gives the best results. Sticking to the same principle, a real time environment of sample education institutions under one umbrella is considered for this study in a relatively rural setup.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Machined Fiber Reinforced Composites Plastics Using Image Processing
Authors: Dilli Babu G. , Babu K. Sivaji , Gowd B. Uma Maheswar
Published: June 2014

The measurement of surface roughness of the machined Fiber Reinforced Plastics is very important to assess the quality of a composite, which is normally carried out using taly-surf stylus instruments. This method of measuring is accepted widely by all the researchers. But, this process is not suitable for high volume applications as it is time consuming and cumbersome. With rising demand of industrial automation in manufacturing process, image processing technique plays an important role in inspection and process monitoring. In this paper, a new parameter for determining surface roughness of machined fiber reinforced specimens was proposed using image processing technique. The experimental result indicates that the surface roughness of machined composites could be predicted with a reasonable accuracy using image processing technique.
Experimental Study for Turning AISI1040 Steel Using TiCN/TiN Coated Tool
Authors: Marimuthu P. , Edwin N.E. Paul
Published: June 2014

AISI 1040 is a high quality, unalloyed medium carbon steel usually good ductility with resistance to wear. Tool wear (TW) and surface roughness (SR) are mostly considered as demanding phases, and thus causing poor results in machining operations. Optimization of cutting parameter is more crucial at this condition for improving the quality of the product. Taguchi method is the method to achieve a robust experimental design in the study of product quality is an important issue. The best factors/levels combination with lowest societal cost solution to achieve customers requirements look by Taguchi method. Various cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are taken as parameters. In this study single response optimization was performed in computer numerically controlled (CNC) turning AISI1040 with TiCN/TiN coated cutting tool under dry condition using Taguchi Techniques with the objective of minimization SR and TW. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for identifying the significant parameters affecting the responses.
Islanding and Non-Islanding Detection for Grid Connected Distribution System
Authors: Jayanthi S. , Arockia Edwin Xavier S. , Renugadevi R. , Manoharan P.S.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, wavelet transform based approach is proposed for islanding detection in a distribution system. The negative sequence voltage and negative sequence current obtained due to disturbances are measured at the point of common coupling (PCC) and given to the wavelet processing module to extract features like standard deviation and energy content. The negative sequence voltage and current components are decomposed under various levels to filter out lower frequency components. From the obtained features suitable threshold value is fixed for classifying the islanding and non-islanding events.
Comparative Analysis of Fixed Speed & Variable Speed Response of PFC Zeta Converter Fed PMSM Drive Using PI Controller
Authors: Saravanan R. , Chandrasekaran N.
Published: June 2014

In several PWM DC-DC converter topologies, the controlling switches are operated in switch mode wherever they're needed to conduct the whole load current on and off throughout every switching cycle. Recently there is an enlarged interest within the use of resonant kind DC-DC converters due to the benefits of high efficiency, small size, lightweight, reduced Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and low component stresses. A novel PFC (Power factor Corrected) converter feeding a PMSM drive employing a single voltage sensing element is proposed for variable speed applications. It consists of single phase supply followed by uncontrolled bridge rectifier and a Zeta DC-DC converter is employed to regulate the voltage of a DC link capacitance that is lying between the Zeta converter and a VSI (Voltage source Inverter). The voltage of a dc-link capacitor of zeta converter is controlled to realize the speed control of PMSM Drive. The zeta converter is functioning as a front end device operating in DICM (Discontinuous inductor Current Mode) and therefore employing a voltage follower. Using MATLAB/ Simulink 7.13 environment the model can be simulated to achieve a wide range of speed control.
Feasibility Sensitivity Analysis in Potential Area for Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kumar U. Suresh , Manoharan P.S. , Rajkumar M. Valan
Published: June 2014

This paper attempts an investigation of the potential area of the standalone hybrid (solar and wind) renewable energy source. The investigation are based on the optimization result and ranking status. The various coastal areas identified for this are Kilakarai, Mandapam, Thirupullani, Kadaladi and Rameswaram in Ramanathapuram District of Tamilnadu State, India. The sensitivity analysis is also conducted. The consumer demand data are collected through the local distribution agency for the identified coastal areas. The wind and solar resources data are collected from NASA’s surface meteorology and solar energy resource. HOMER has been used in this paper for optimization result and for sensitivity analysis. The preliminary investigation indicates that Thirupullani area is the potential area for standalone hybrid renewable energy system among the five coastal areas identified. By the sensitivity analysis, it is proved that the cost of energy, net present cost and operating cost was reduced to half of the actual cost, except the capacity shortage in Thirupullani area.Keywords: Solar and Wind Energy, HOMER, Potential Analysis, Ranking Status
Spectral Estimation of Nasal Cyclic Rhythm by Nasal Airflow Temperature Measurement
Authors: Sukanesh R. , Muthu Kumaran E.
Published: June 2014

.The nasal cycle is referred to a cyclic fluctuation in congestion of the nasal mucosa that results in rhythmic and bilateral reciprocal alteration of nasal airway patency. The purpose of this study is to deal with statistical and power spectral analysis of nasal cycle by measuring the temperature difference between the airflow of both left and right nostrils. Five adult voluntary healthy subjects are enrolled for the study. Nasal temperature probe combined with amplifier are used for recording nasal airflow temperature on both nostrils. The highest nasal airflow temperature values are detected at the end of expiration and the lowest values are detected at the end of inspiration. Nasal cycle found in all the subjects and lasted to the minimum of 30 minutes to maximum of 6 hours. The difference in temperature of both nostrils is statistically significant (p<0.05) and spectral estimation is made using autoregressive modeling. The method is used to quantify nasal obstruction in pathological condition and also to correlate the related physiological phenomenon.
Design of Experiment for Incremental Forming of Artificial Skull on Titanium Grade 2
Authors: Sornsuwit Nuttaphong , Sittisakuljaroen Sunthorn
Published: June 2014

The incremental forming process was investigated in this research for sheet metal. With this technique, it appeared in different surface roughness. This research studied a titanium grade 2 sheet, which is formed by incremental forming process with varied factors in the experimental design for Full Factorial Design 2-level for consideration of three factors determining the surface roughness. It was found that the factors of main effects to surface roughness were spindle speed and overlap. However, the depth did not affect directly on the surface roughness.
Hyaluronic Acid Production by Genetic Modified GRAS Strains
Authors: Fang Xiao , Duan Rong Shuai , Yang Hai Ying , Liu Jing Feng
Published: June 2014

Hyaluronic acid is an important polysaccharide of various physiological functions. Nowadays, it is produced mainly through microbial fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. HA production in more safe and efficient genetic modified GRAS strains is a hot research area. Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophiles, Agrobacterium sp. , and some Escherichia coli strains, which were GRAS strains, had been selected for genetic engineering to express hyaluronic acid. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of HA production by these genetic modified GRAS strains.
Design Method and Parameters Matching of Electric Motors for Hybrid Construction Equipment
Authors: Meng Fan Wei , Hu Yong Biao
Published: June 2014

Design methods of electric motors and reasonable parametric design principles for hybrid electric construction equipments are proposed. In accordance with the power performance, economical efficiency and electric transmission features of construction equipments, the new design method of electric motors which is an advanced application-centric design process are analyzed, and the design theory and calculation method of main parameters are discussed, so that theoretical basis is provided for the research and design of new electric drive construction equipments. Parametric design of a typical dozer drive train is conducted applied the proposed new design method and calculation method. Major components of the power train are modeled using the simulation software Simulink. Based on power track control strategy, the simulation results show that the proposed new design method and parameter design theory of electric motors for hybrid construction equipments are reasonable. It has significance in both theory and practice for the research and development of hybrid electric drive construction equipments.
Matching Pursuit Optimization Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Lei , Zheng Lai Bo , Qin Sheng Ping
Published: June 2014

The Matching Pursuit algorithm (MP) utilizes an iterative procedure to project a given waveform onto a particular dictionary, and uses a greedy strategy to optimize the signal approximation at each step. The computation complexity of MP is very high. In this paper we propose an improved decomposition algorithm based on MP and Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA), which is called Quantum Genetic Matching Pursuit (QGMP). The improved algorithm can not only get the best matching atom, but also greatly reduce the computation complexity of MP and, therefore, makes the MP can be used in practical system.
Study on the Control of Anti-Lock Braking System Simulation Based on Fuzzy PID Control
Authors: Dang Bao Ying
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a single wheel model which can make the car to maintain linear motion during braking based on elaborating control mechanism of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). PID control and fuzzy PID control were used to control the single wheel model. According to the properties of PID control and fuzzy PID control to establish brake model of automobile straight-line-braking by using Matlab software and Simulink module. The results show that fuzzy PID controller presents a better effect and has a better adaptability.
Preparation of Doped Graphene Quantum Dots with Bright and Excitation-Independent Blue Fluorescence
Authors: Li Hui , He Hai Ping , Ye Zhi Zhen
Published: June 2014

Highly bright-fluorescent N (nitrogen), S (sulfur) co-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized through an modified hydrothermal method. The doped GQDs are smaller than 10 nm in size in average and stable in aqueous solution. Unlike many reports on graphene oxide (GO), the as-synthesized doped GQDs exhibit bright blue photoluminescence (PL) emission and the emission wavelength is excitation-independent. The intriguling results indicate that GQDs may have great potential in the optic and optoelectronic applications.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for the Al7Cu5Y Ternary Compound
Authors: He Bin , Qin Ming , Liang Liu Qing , Lu Zhao , Li De Gui , Qin Chang Sheng , Li Cheng Bo , Zeng Ling Min
Published: June 2014

Crystal structure and X-ray powder diffraction data for the Al7Cu5Y ternary compound are presented. The compound crystallizes in the body-centered tetragonal with the Al7Fe5Y structure type (space group I4/mmm), the lattice parameters a = 8.6960(9) Å, c = 5.1256(7) Å, V =387.62 Å3, Z =2, ڑx =5.102 g/cm3, F30 = 275.5(0.0033, 33) and RIR =1.23.
Effects of Ozone Treatment on Wool Morphology and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Jun , Ning Fang Gang , Yu Wei Dong
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the ozone treating effects on wool scales and wool mechanical property through experiments and observation. For this purpose, a detailed investigation on the role of mechanical properties surfacing topography, changes in component and membrane structure were investigated. After this, a micro explanation was given to discuss the mechanism of wool shrinkage. For the scales is the element factor for shrinking, so this study is of great significance to the work of shrinkproofing.
A Method for Static Interval Analysis of Uncertain Structures with Interval Parameters
Authors: Zhang Jian Guo
Published: June 2014

By representing the uncertain parameters as interval numbers, the static linear interval equations about the structural system were obtained in this paper by means of the finite element method. These equations are linear interval equations, for which some solution methods were discussed and a step-dividing method was presented. In this method, the independent uncertain parameters were given the discrete values within each interval, and the linear interval equations were changed into the corresponding certain ones. And then the boundaries of every interval solution components are determined by searching for the maximum and minimum values of the equation solutions. Some mathematical examples were used to examine the correctness and efficiency of the algorithm and which was applied to static interval analysis of engineering problems. Compared with other methods, the calculation results show that the algorithm of this paper is efficient and accurate.
Separation and Characteristics of Colloid in Leaching Residual Ores Column of a Hard Uranium Ores
Authors: Su Qin , Zhang Xiao Wen , Li Mi , Zhang Yu , Li Shu Fang
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to investigate the mass and characteristics of colloid in leaching process to provide useful information for assessing the effects of colloid on leach at vertical and safety assessment of the disposal of (ultra-) low uraniferous radioactive waste. The variation of pH, colloid mass and effects on leach were studied at ambient conditions. The experimental results showed that the formation of colloid was strongly influenced by the pH value, it increased with time from 24 h to 96 h, and mass of colloid showed the opposite trend. The mass of colloid increased by the thick of uranium residual ores from 0.2 m to 0.8 m, but the pH showed opposite trend. The colloid morphology was identified using S-4800 scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and confirmed Al, Fe, Mg, Cs, U, Pr, O, and C as main composition. It implies that the existence of colloids would retard uranium leaching process. The residue grade of different thick nicely verified this point.
A Research on Purification of Oily Wastewater with TiO2 Photocatalysts Supported by Zeolite Particles
Authors: Peng Zhen , Zhang Li , Wang Chun Sheng , Yao Ke Fu
Published: June 2014

It is well-known that TiO2 is an environmental benign photocatalyst which can be used to decompose harmful organic compounds. Recently, many studies are concentrated on the purification of industrial wastewater due to the requirement of environmental protection. In present study, TiO2 nanomaterials supported by fine zeolite particles have been used as the photocatalyst to purify the oily wastewater. It has been found that the oil concentration in the modulated water can be reduced significantly and rapidly under the action of photocatalytic degradation and the ultraviolet light radiation. After 80 minutes, oil concentration in the modulated water can be reduced by more than 80%. The results suggest that TiO2 nanomaterials supported by fine zeolite particles are effective material for purification of oily wastewater. In addition, the present results show that the efficiency of water purification can be significantly increased by use of mechanical stirring during the photocatalytic degradation process.
Compatibilities between Lithium Bis(Oxalate)Borate-Based Electrolyte and LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shi You , Liu Jin Liang , Cui Xiao Ling , Mao Li Ping
Published: June 2014

Olivine-type LiFePO4 and crystal structure LiMn2O4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are promising cathode materials for electric vehicles (EVs) applications. To find more appropriate electrolyte systems to exert the perfect electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes, the electrochemical performances of LiBOB-ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) electrolyte are investigated in this paper. In LiFePO4/Li, LiMn2O4/Li and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, this novel electrolyte exhibits several advantages, such as stable cycle performance and good rate performance. It suggests that LiBOB-EC/EMC/DEC electrolyte has good compatibility with the three kinds of cathodes, and would be an attractive electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries based upon LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes.
Determination of Char-CO2 Gasification Rate through Reaction Product
Authors: Zhao Yong , Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: June 2014

This paper presents gasification kinetic parameters generated for Japanese lignite coal char reacting with carbon dioxide and the method for obtaining them. The experiments were conducted in a PTGA at atmospheric pressure within a temperature range of 1148K-1223K, and a mass spectrometer (MS) is coupled with PTGA to obtain the concentrations of product gas. The experiments were carried out with isothermal method, and kinetic parameters were determined through the analysis of the weight changes of coal char and the concentrations of products respectively. The effect of CO2 partial pressure on reaction rate was analyzed by nth order rate equation. It was found that the activation energy of char-CO2 reaction obtained from weight loss curve and product concentrations were 187.9kJ/mol and 187.0kJ/mol respectively, and the reaction order n were 0.24 and 0.222, proving MS a feasible method for kinetics research. Through the comparison, the method to obtain the kinetic data by concentrations of gas products was determined, and a more clear understanding of the gasification process was established.
Hydrothermal Prepared α-MnO2 Nanowire and its Supercapacitor Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Li Yang , Li Jing , Xie Hua Qing
Published: June 2014

α-MnO2 nanowire was prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure of as-prepared manganese oxide demonstrated tetragonal crystalline in X-ray diffraction pattern. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the nanowire morphology of as-prepared α-MnO2. The band gap of α-MnO2 was estimated at about 2.06 eV via UV-vis spectrum. As the electrode active material for supercapacitor, the electrochemical specific capacitance of α-MnO2 nanowire achieved 156.5 F/g, which possessed typical capacitive behaviors and good cycling stabilities. Based on the preferable electrochemical performances, as-synthesized α-MnO2 nanowire may be a potential alternative as electrode material for supercapacitor.
Influence of Hf and H2O2 on Morphology of Silicon Formed by Ag Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Ma Guo Feng , Ye Heng , Zhang Hong Lin , He Chun Lin , Sun Li Na
Published: June 2014

The Ag-assisted electroless etching of p-type silicon substrate in HF/H2O2 solution at room temperature was investigated. In this work, the effects of HF, H2O2 and their volume ratio on morphology and growth of p-type silicon substrate surface by using metal assisted etching were investigated in order to produce a highly efficient antireflecting structure. The Ag metal particles were deposited onto Si wafer by electroless deposition from a metal salt solution including HF. The experimental results show that the growth rate and morphology of the pores formed on the Ag metalized Si surfaces are strongly dependent on the volume ratio of HF and H2O2.
Mg-Al Hydrotalcite/γ-Al2O3 as Fixed-Bed Catalyst in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Wang Yan Zhen , Yan Jing Tao , Gao Li , Song Chun Min , Duan Hong Ling , Ma Xiang Rong
Published: June 2014

Batch-type base catalysis is currently the main process used for biodiesel production. Methods to reduce costs, improve capacity and decrease the emission of pollutants in the production of biodiesel are of great significance. This paper studied the reaction conditions for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, referred to as biodiesel) production through the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol in the presence of Mg-Al hydrotalcite/γ-Al2O3 as a fixed-bed catalyst. The influences of the methanol-oil ratio, space velocity, reaction temperature and pressure on product conversion were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: methanol/oil ratio of 21:1, space velocity of 0.5 h-1, reaction temperature of 340°C, and reaction pressure of 2 MPa. Under these conditions, the one stage conversion rate was 80% and the lifetime of the catalyst was 220 h. The catalyst can process raw materials with high total acid numbers using two stages project.
The Effect of Graphene/Ag Nanoparticles Layer on the Performances of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ou Cheng Fang , Chen Syue Yan
Published: June 2014

Graphene/Ag nanoparticles (GAg) were fabricated via a facile method, employing graphite oxide as a precursor of graphene (GNS), AgNO3 as a precursor of Ag nanoparticles, and sodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent. We synthesized three kinds of GAg and denominated as GAg-1、GAg-2 and GAg-3. Graphene exhibits good electron conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability and mechanical strength. We investigated the effect of inserting Graphene/Ag nanoparticles between hole transfer layer (HTL) of poly (ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) (PEDOT:PSS) and active layer (P3HT:PCBM =1:1 weight ratio) on the characteristics of polymer solar cell. The cell structure was ITO/PEDOT:PSS/GAg/P3HT:PCBM/Ca/Al. The concentration of Graphene/Ag nanoparticles solution was 2.0 mg/ml and the GAg nanoparticles layer was coated by spin-coating at 6000 rpm. We studied the effect of GAg layer addition on the photovoltaic performance. We used the UV-Vis, SPM, FE-SEM and solar simulator to measure the absorbance, roughness, surface morphology, and power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. From these results, we found that the short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and PCE of the cells with GNS or GAg were always higher than those of cell without GNS or GAg. The cell with GAg-2 had the highest short circuit current density (Jsc) of 9.14 mA/cm2, an increase of 28.4%, highest fill factor (FF) of 0.65, an increase of 32.7% and highest PCE of 3.82%, an increase of 71.3% when compared to standard device with active layer of P3HT:PCBM =1:1. These improvements were due to the high carrier mobility of graphene.
Research of Nano LiFePO4 Power Batteries’ High and Low Temperature Characteristics for Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Lv Shuai Shuai , Ni Hong Jun , Chen Lei , Pei Yi , Chen Xiang
Published: June 2014

In the making process of LiFePO4 positive electrode film, part of electrical carbon was replaced by some carbon nanotubes (CNTs), its electrochemical performance was improved greatly. nanoLiFePO4 batteries’ temperature performance were tested at different ambient temperature, at-40 °C the discharge capacity is about the 25°C’s 47.1%, While the ordinary LiFePO4 battery is only 37.5%; Superior electrochemical performance of the battery cell is mainly due to the improvement of the electrical properties, in order to ensure the service life of the battery itself, the working temperature should be controlled between 20°Cand 50°C.
Study on Ge-Sn Metal Composite Powder as Lithium Ion Battery Anode Materials
Authors: Lv Cheng Xue , Gai Xi Kun , Yang Rui Qin , Wang Jian Zhong , Jiang Hui Zhong
Published: June 2014

The Sn-Ge metal composite powder was obtained by reduction of the SnGeO3. The XRD and SEM analysis of Sn-Ge were completed. The simulation battery was prepared by using the Sn-Ge as lithium ion battery anode material, and its electrochemical properties were characterized. The results indicate that the SnGeO3 was reduced at 723K to generate the Sn-Ge composite powder instead of the alloy. The first embedding lithium capacity (discharge capacity) was 625 mAh·g-1, the first taking off lithium capacity (charge capacity) was 590 mAh·g-1 for the simulation battery. The capacity gradually decreased with the charge-discharge cycle number increasing, and the discharge capacity corresponded to 88% of the initial discharge capacity, and the charge capacity corresponded to 89% of the initial charge capacity at 20th week. The Sn-Ge composite powder can be used as the lithium ion battery anode material due to possessing embedding / taking off lithium capacity.
In Situ Preparation of Ni2+ Doped TiO2 Film on the Surface of Ti Plate and its Photo-Catalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Bai Xue Feng , Zhang Kui
Published: June 2014

The Ni2+ doped TiO2 film (Ni-TiO2) was produced in-situ on the pure Ti plate substrate in the electrolyte solution of Na3PO4 containing of Ni (Ac)2 by micro-arc oxidation process (MAO). The effect of Ni (Ac)2 content on structure and H2 production activity of Ni-TiO2 had been investigated. It was found that the characteristic peak (101) of anatase phase for Ni-TiO2 decreased gradually without the peak of Ni and the red shift of its absorption edge appeared with the increase of Ni (Ac)2 content. It was showed from experimental results that the highest H2 production rate was 0.31 μmol/ h·cm2 over the above-prepared Ni-TiO2 at Ni (Ac)2 content of 5 g/L.
Screening Effect of Phosphate on Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Electrode
Authors: Han Yan He , Chen Jia Qing
Published: June 2014

Although the effect of phosphate on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is extensively investigated, its effect on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of TiO2 electrode is not clear. The effect of phosphate on photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of water and organics on the TiO2 electrode were investigated in this study. Phosphate has a sophisticated influence on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of water on TiO2 electrode. The photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of water was inhibited at the low phosphate concentration (<5 μM) while improved at the high concentration. However, phosphate has an adverse influence on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of whether the strong or not the weak adsorption organics on the TiO2 electrode, which is different from its effect on photocatalytic process of organics on the TiO2 slurry, in which the photocatalytic oxidation of the weak adsorption organics is enhanced. However, phosphate can improve the linear concentration range of organics, especially strong adsorption organics (e.g. KHP, 0-333 μM for without phosphate to 0-500 μM for the with 1 M phosphate). Moreover, it is unanimously consent that phosphate has a very strong acid-base buffer capacity. These properties provide an excellent potential for phosphate application during the detection of practical samples, especially the acid and/or base samples.
Toxicity of Sodium and Potassium Ions on Performance of UASB System
Authors: Karnchanawong Seni , Kabtum Kraiwet
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Na+ and K+ ions on performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system. Three laboratory-scale UASB reactors, 15.8 - l working volume, were employed with 1 reactor operated as control. They were loaded at organic loading rate (OLR) of 5 kg COD/(m3-d), treating synthetic wastewater with COD concentration ~ 5000 mg/l. Na+ and K+ ions were added in the range of 1010 - 7180 and 41 - 7320 mg/l, respectively. No toxicity was observed at influent Na+ and K+ concentrations up to 3340 and 2750 mg/l, respectively. Slight inhibitions on COD removal were founded at Na+ and K+ concentrations of 4610 and 3920 mg/l, respectively, but moderate effect on biogas production had occurred. When Na+ and K+ concentrations were increased to 7180 and 7320 mg/l, respectively, strong inhibitions were observed with COD removal dropped to 45.5 and 48.8 %, respectively. Ratios of biogas productions, as compared to the control reactor, were dropped to 0.31 and 0.32, respectively. Increasing cation concentrations had more detrimental effect on biogas production than COD removal.
Investigation of Kinematic Viscosity of Pistacia Chinensis-Based Biodiesel Fuel
Authors: Lai Yong Bin , Wang Bo , Chen Xiu , Jin Xin , Zhang Yu Qi , Hu Jia Min , Shu Jun Feng , Yuan Meng Hong
Published: June 2014

The compositions and kinematic viscosity of Pistacia Chinensis-based biodiesel (PCME) are investigated. Viscosity temperature equations are proposed for predicting kinematic viscosity of PCME and its blends with 0 petrodiesel (0PD) /-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) at different temperature. In this work, we show that PCME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms: C14:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1, C18:2-C20:2 and C18:3. PCME has higher kinematic viscosity and unfavorable viscosity temperature property, its kinematic viscosity (40 °C) is 5.99 mm2/s. An approach to reduce viscosity and enhance viscosity temperature property is put forward: blending with 0 PD/-10PD.
Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Oxidized with H2O2 Coupled with Solvent Extraction Intensified by Ultrasound
Authors: Yu Guo Xian , Zhong Qian , Jin Mei , Wang Jin Huang , Lu Ping
Published: June 2014

Deep desulfurization of a hydrotreated diesel fuel was investigated with H2O2 oxidation coupled with solvent extraction intensified by ultrasound. The process parameters for the oxidation desulfurization of diesel fuel, such as the type and dosage of catalyst, co-solvent, ultrasound time, molar ratio of H2O2 and sulfur were investigated. The results showed that sulfur content of the hydrotreated diesel fuel was reduced from 140 ppm to 10 ppm with using 2%wt of phosphotungstic acid as catalyst, 20%wt of methanol as co-solvent during the reaction, reaction temperature at 90°C, ultrasound time for 10 min and H2O2/S molar ratio of 16, and ultrasound irradiation had the obvious reinforcement in oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel.