bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic outcomes of Red yeast rice administration in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics
Authors: Troili G.M. , Bruno A. , Pandolfo G. , Crucitti M. , Zoccali R.A. , Muscatello M.R.A.
Published: June 2017

Rationale

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are notoriously associated with a wide range of metabolic adverse effects, and their chronic use is related with an increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The nutraceutical approach to the management of MS might be a promising strategy in the prevention of cardio-metabolic risk. In this context, Red yeast rice (RYR) have been shown to have a lipid lowering effect in an increasing number of clinical studies.

Objectives

The present study was aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of RYR treatment on metabolic parameters in a sample of subjects receiving atypical antipsychotics.

Methods

Ten outpatients treated with atypical APs assumed RYR at single daily dose of 200 mg/day for 30 days. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, fasting levels of glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were determined.

Results

RYR administration non-resulted in a statistically significant reduction of metabolic parameters in the study sample. However, a trend for total cholesterol (T0 vs. T1: 159.6 vs. 145.6) and LDL (T0 vs. T1: 94.1 vs. 77.6) decrease was observed.

Conclusions

Our findings in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics did not confirm the beneficial effect of RYS on lipemic profiles previously found in subjects who do not take this class of drugs. Further clinical trials with adequately-powered and well-designed methodology are needed to better explore the RYS effectiveness on the SGAs-induced metabolic side effects.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychoeducational family intervention for people with eating disorders: Rationale and development
Authors: Sampogna G. , Caldararo O. , Del Vecchio V. , Luciano M. , Volpe U. , Fiorillo A. , Monteleone P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Family members of patients with EDs report high levels of burden, psychological distress and the need to receive information on the disease of their ill relative. There is the need to provide family members and patients with psychoeducational family intervention in order to satisfy their care needs.

Objective

To develop a new psychoeducational approach for patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) and their relatives according to the Falloon model.

Aims

(1) To develop a family psychoeducational intervention for patients with EDs. (2) To implement the experimental intervention in the clinical routine care. (3) To evaluate efficacy of the approach in terms of reduction of family burden and improvement of relatives’ coping strategies.

Results

The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Naples SUN has developed a new psychoeducational family intervention for patients with EDs and their family members. The intervention consists of 6 sessions, scheduled weekly. The sessions deal with several topics such as information on EDs (e.g., causes, symptoms, clinical characteristics), communication skills (e.g., how to express an unpleasant feeling) and problem solving skills. The intervention is led by trained mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists or rehabilitation technicians.

Discussion

This is the first example of psychoeducational intervention for families of patients with EDs developing according to the Falloon approach.

Conclusions

Family intervention represents an essential tool to provide to patients with EDs and their family members in order to promote a global recovery.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lack of differential long-term metabolic profile of aripiprazole, quetapine and ziprasidone in first episode of psychosis
Authors: Vázquez Bourgon J. , Pérez-Iglesias R. , de la Foz V. Ortiz-García , Crespo-Facorro B.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The use of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatments in psychosis has been associated with metabolic changes. However, there are differences in metabolic profile between SGAs. In a previous study conducted in our sample of first episode psychosis patients, we observed that the ziprasidone had a more benign metabolic profile compare to aripiprazole and quetiapine, at short-term (12 weeks). However, to detect clinically-relevant impairment in metabolic parameters a long-term follow-up is preferred.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate if the differentiated metabolic profile of aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine observed at short-term is maintained after 1 year of treatment in a sample of drug-naïve patients with a first episode of psychosis.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-eight, drug-naïve patients, suffering from a non-affective first episode of psychosis, were included in the present study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive quetiapine, ziprasidone or aripiprazole. Weight and glucemic/lipid parameters were recorded at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. Other clinical and socio-demographic variables were recorded to eliminate potential confounding effects.

Results

No significant differences between antipsychotic groups (all F < 2.61; P > 0.05) were found in any of the metabolic parameters studied after one year of treatment.

Conclusions

Despite the metabolic profile differences observed at short-term in our previous studies, we did not find significant differences in the metabolic and weight parameters studied between treatment groups after one year of treatment, concluding that they present similar metabolic profiles at long-term. Other clinical individual interventions (e.g.: diet, exercise), not here controlled, may have influenced possible differences in long-term metabolic outcomes.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clustering and switching on verbal and nonverbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Víchová M. , Urbánek T.
Published: June 2017

In our study, we focus on the extent of occurrence of switching and clustering during fluency task among patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. The previous studies found that both switching and clustering were affected in patients with schizophrenia. However, it has not clear yet if the decrease is caused by the impairment of executive functions or is related to poorer vocabulary. In our study, participants were tested Verbal Fluency Task (phonological and semantic) and also the nonverbal fluency task (measured by Five Point Test) so that the effect of vocabulary would be removed. Our study included 50 participants: 25 individuals with schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls. We found significant differences in the way of organization between group of psychiatric patients and healthy controls. The absence of clustering is typical for psychiatric population, patients tell the words without closer connection, they neglect association links, switch between clusters. Due to this way of response, they achieved lower score, they told fewer words than healthy controls. However, this manner was found also in nonverbal task where the patients did not follow one-way in drawing patterns and they often change the number of connecting dots or used lines. Our study implies that this condition is probably caused by disruption of the executive functions.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to managing alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid depression in an acute hospital setting
Authors: Owens L. , Patterson K. , King G. , Richardson P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Alcohol-dependent patients have a significantly increased risk of depression, contributing a cycle of relapse and attendance at acute hospital services seeking help. Care is often focused on the alcohol dependence treatment with little consideration of concomitant psychiatric disorders.

Aim

To help bridge this gap in care planning and aim toward multidisciplinary long-term support.

Method

We collected data on all patients referred to our alcohol complex patient MDT. We investigated the range of disciplines involved in patient care. We spoke to our patients about why they had chosen to attend hospital. We then developed a referral system to our alcohol MDT where a bespoke pathways of care was developed with all current and future care providers.

Results

Our patients were often being cared for by multiple services, however much of this work was happening in isolation and was at times conflicting. Importantly, the patients were unclear where to go for what, and were utilizing the ED as a fail-safe when they were troubled.

Of 15 patients referred to MDT, 7 (50%) had a diagnosis of depression (DSM-IV). These patients had an average of 5.1 hospital attendances and 2.2 hospital admissions in the 3 months prior to MDT. At 3 months post-MDT, we were able to demonstrate a reduction in hospital admissions and attendances (average 2.2 & 1.4, respectively).

Conclusions

An MDT for alcohol-dependent patients with depression facilitates effective and collaborative working for the benefit of patients and services.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Outcome and characteristics of patients in methadone maintenance program depending on whether they are or not drug consumption room users
Authors: Romaguera A. , Martínez R. , Bádenas L. , Novell I. , Castillo C. , Torrens M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

In January 2012, a drug consumption room (DCR) opened in an outpatient treatment center for alcoholism and drug abuse (CADA) to reach people who inject drugs (PWID) who did not seek treatment.

Objectives/aims

To evaluate the characteristics and evolution of 76 patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) during a year in a CADA, depending on whether they are DCR users or nonusers.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted by reviewing data collected from patients in MMT during 2015, performing a statistical comparison between DCR users and nonusers. Outcome was evaluated through urine controls, considering a poor outcome when positive to heroin > 20%.

Results

Of the 76 patients in MMT, the average age was 40 years, 21% were women, mean dosage of methadone was 48.2 mg/day and more than a half were DCR users (52.63%). Of the 40 patients, which formed the DCR user subgroup, the average age was 36.4 years, 20% were women and mean dosage of methadone was 47 mg/day. The outcome of all the patients in PMM was successful in 48.68% of the cases, presenting differentially the nonusers a 91.67% of good response and the users only a 10%.

Conclusions

Inclusion of a drug consumption room in an outpatient treatment center for alcoholism and drug abuse, which facilitates accessibility for people who inject drugs to treatment, poses new challenges in order to improve the effectiveness of the PMM.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus
Authors: Proclus
Published: June 2017

Proclus' Commentary on the dialogue Timaeus by Plato (d.347 BC), written in the fifth century AD, is arguably the most important commentary on a text of Plato, offering unparalleled insights into eight centuries of Platonic interpretation. It has had an enormous influence on subsequent Plato scholarship. This edition nevertheless offers the first new translation of the work for nearly two centuries, building on significant recent advances in scholarship by Neoplatonic commentators. It will provide an invaluable record of early interpretations of Plato's dialogue, while also presenting Proclus' own views on the meaning and significance of Platonic philosophy. The book presents Proclus' unrepentant account of a multitude of divinities involved with the creation of mortal life, the supreme creator's delegation to them of the creation of human life, and the manner in which they took the immortal life principle from him and wove it together with our mortal parts to produce human beings.
The moving junction protein RON4, although not critical, facilitates host cell invasion and stabilizes MJ members
Authors: WANG MING , CAO SHINUO , DU NALI , FU JIAWEN , LI ZHAORAN , JIA HONGLIN , SONG MINGXIN
Published: June 2017

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite of phylum Apicomplexa. To facilitate high-efficiency invasion of host cells, T. gondii secretes various proteins related to the moving junction (MJ) complex from rhoptries and micronemes into the interface between the parasite and host. AMA1/RON2/4/5/8 is an important MJ complex, but its mechanism of assembly remains unclear. In this study, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate a derivative of T. gondii strain RH with a null mutation in TgRON4, thought to be an essential MJ component. Deficiency of TgRON4 moderately decreased invasion ability relative to that of the wild-type parasite. In addition, expression of the endogenous N-terminal fragment of RON5 decreased in the mutant. Together, the results improve our understanding of the assembly mechanism of the MJ complex of T. gondii and raise the possibility of developing new therapeutic drugs that target this complex.
Erratum: Seepage from an arctic shallow marine gas hydrate reservoir is insensitive to momentary ocean warming
Authors: Hong Wei-Li , Torres Marta E , Carroll JoLynn , Crémière Antoine , Panieri Giuliana , Yao Haoyi , Serov Pavel
Published: June 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number:15745 (2017) Published: 7 June 2017; Updated: 30 June 2017 The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following: The publication charges for this article have been funded by a grant from thepublication fund of UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
DNA binding strength increases the processivity and activity of a Y-Family DNA polymerase
Authors: Wu Jing , de Paz Alexandra , Zamft Bradley M. , Marblestone Adam H. , Boyden Edward S. , Kording Konrad P. , Tyo Keith E. J.
Published: June 2017

DNA polymerase (pol) processivity, i.e., the bases a polymerase extends before falling off the DNA, and activity are important for copying difficult DNA sequences, including simple repeats. Y-family pols would be appealing for copying difficult DNA and incorporating non-natural dNTPs, due to their low fidelity and loose active site, but are limited by poor processivity and activity. In this study, the binding between Dbh and DNA was investigated to better understand how to rationally design enhanced processivity in a Y-family pol. Guided by structural simulation, a fused pol Sdbh with non-specific dsDNA binding protein Sso7d in the N-terminus was designed. This modification increased in vitro processivity 4-fold as compared to the wild-type Dbh. Additionally, bioinformatics was used to identify amino acid mutations that would increase stabilization of Dbh bound to DNA. The variant SdbhM76I further improved the processivity of Dbh by 10 fold. The variant SdbhKSKIP241–245RVRKS showed higher activity than Dbh on the incorporation of dCTP (correct) and dATP (incorrect) opposite the G (normal) or 8-oxoG(damaged) template base. These results demonstrate the capability to rationally design increases in pol processivity and catalytic efficiency through computational DNA binding predictions and the addition of non-specific DNA binding domains.
Optimizing sentinel surveillance in temporal network epidemiology
Authors: Bai Yuan , Yang Bo , Lin Lijuan , Herrera Jose L. , Du Zhanwei , Holme Petter
Published: June 2017

To help health policy makers gain response time to mitigate infectious disease threats, it is essential to have an efficient epidemic surveillance. One common method of disease surveillance is to carefully select nodes (sentinels, or sensors) in the network to report outbreaks. One would like to choose sentinels so that they discover the outbreak as early as possible. The optimal choice of sentinels depends on the network structure. Studies have addressed this problem for static networks, but this is a first step study to explore designing surveillance systems for early detection on temporal networks. This paper is based on the idea that vaccination strategies can serve as a method to identify sentinels. The vaccination problem is a related question that is much more  well studied for temporal networks. To assess the ability to detect epidemic outbreaks early, we calculate the time difference (lead time) between the surveillance set and whole population in reaching 1% prevalence. We find that the optimal selection of sentinels depends on both the network’s temporal structures and the infection probability of the disease. We find that, for a mild infectious disease (low infection probability) on a temporal network in relation to potential disease spreading (the Prostitution network), the strategy of selecting latest contacts of random individuals provide the most amount of lead time. And for a more uniform, synthetic network with community structure the strategy of selecting frequent contacts of random individuals provide the most amount of lead time.
Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Children with Early Tourette Syndrome: a Resting-state fMRI Study
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Jieqiong , Zhang Jishui , Wen Hongwei , Zhang Yue , Kang Huiying , Wang Xu , Li Wenfeng , He Huiguang , Peng Yun
Published: June 2017

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset chronic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. This study investigated the alterations of spontaneous brain activities in children with TS by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We obtained rs-fMRI scans from 21 drug-naïve and pure TS children and 29 demographically matched healthy children. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of rs-fMRI data were calculated to measure spontaneous brain activity. We found significant alterations of ALFF or fALFF in vision-related structures including the calcarine sulcus, the cuneus, the fusiform gyrus, and the left insula in TS children. Decreased ReHo was found in the right cerebellum. Further analysis showed that the ReHo value of the right cerebellum was positively correlated with TS duration. Our study provides empirical evidence for abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in TS patients, which may implicate the neurophysiological mechanism in TS children. Moreover, the right cerebellum can be potentially used as a biomarker for the pathophysiology of early TS in children.
Stochastic analysis of time series for the spatial positions of particles trapped in optical tweezers
Authors: Mousavi S. M. , Reihani S. N. Seyed , Anvari G. , Anvari M. , Alinezhad H. G. , Tabar M. Reza Rahimi
Published: June 2017

We propose a nonlinear method for the analysis of the time series for the spatial position of a bead trapped in optical tweezers, which enables us to reconstruct its dynamical equation of motion. The main advantage of the method is that all the functions and parameters of the dynamics are determined directly (non-parametrically) from the measured series. It also allows us to determine, for the first time to our knowledge, the spatial-dependence of the diffusion coefficient of a bead in an optical trap, and to demonstrate that it is not in general constant. This is in contrast with the main assumption of the popularly-used power spectrum calibration method. The proposed method is validated via synthetic time series for the bead position with spatially-varying diffusion coefficients. Our detailed analysis of the measured time series reveals that the power spectrum analysis overestimates considerably the force constant.
Multicolor spectral photon-counting computed tomography: in vivo dual contrast imaging with a high count rate scanner
Authors: Cormode David P. , Si-Mohamed Salim , Bar-Ness Daniel , Sigovan Monica , Naha Pratap C. , Balegamire Joelle , Lavenne Franck , Coulon Philippe , Roessl Ewald , Bartels Matthias , Rokni Michal , Blevis Ira , Boussel Loic , Douek Philippe
Published: June 2017

A new prototype spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) based on a modified clinical CT system has been developed. SPCCT analysis of the energy composition of the transmitted x-ray spectrum potentially allows simultaneous dual contrast agent imaging, however, this has not yet been demonstrated with such a system. We investigated the feasibility of using this system to distinguish gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and an iodinated contrast agent. The contrast agents and calcium phosphate were imaged in phantoms. Conventional CT, gold K-edge, iodine and water images were produced and demonstrated accurate discrimination and quantification of gold and iodine concentrations in a phantom containing mixtures of the contrast agents. In vivo experiments were performed using New Zealand White rabbits at several times points after injections of AuNP and iodinated contrast agents. We found that the contrast material maps clearly differentiated the distributions of gold and iodine in the tissues allowing quantification of the contrast agents’ concentrations, which matched their expected pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, rapid, repetitive scanning was done, which allowed measurement of contrast agent kinetics with high temporal resolution. In conclusion, a clinical scale, high count rate SPCCT system is able to discriminate gold and iodine contrast media in different organs in vivo.
Fluorescence via Reverse Intersystem Crossing from Higher Triplet States in a Bisanthracene Derivative
Authors: Sato Tohru , Hayashi Rika , Haruta Naoki , Pu Yong-Jin
Published: June 2017

To elucidate the high external quantum efficiency observed for organic light-emitting diodes using a bisanthracene derivative (BD1), non-radiative transition processes as well as radiative ones are discussed employing time-dependent density functional theory. It has been previously reported that the observed high external quantum efficiency of BD1 cannot be explained by the conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence involving T1 exciton nor triplet-triplet annihilation. The calculated off-diagonal vibronic coupling constants of BD1, which govern the non-radiative transition rates, suggest a fluorescence via higher triplets (FvHT) mechanism, which entails the conversion of a high triplet exciton generated during electrical excitation into a fluorescent singlet exciton. This mechanism is valid as long as the relaxation of high triplet states to lower states is suppressed. In the case of BD1, its pseudo-degenerate electronic structure helps the suppression. A general condition is also discussed for the suppression of transitions in molecules with pseudo-degenerate electronic structures.
Effector T helper cell populations are elevated in the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis patients and correlate with disease severity
Authors: Li Shufeng , Yin Han , Zhang Kaining , Wang Ting , Yang Yun , Liu Xinguang , Chang Xiaotian , Zhang Ming , Yan Xinfeng , Ren Yanjun , Pan Wenping , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2017

This study is to investigate the frequencies of T-helper (Th)22, Th17 and Th1 cells and the levels of related cytokines in subchondral bone marrow in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected from RA, osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls. The frequencies of Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells were examined by flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ were examined by ELISA. Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) of RA patients were analyzed. Bone marrow Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells in RA patients were markedly increased comparing to OA or healthy controls. Each T cell subset in bone marrow was elevated comparing with that in the peripheral blood in RA patients. Consistently, plasma levels of IL-22 and IL-17 were elevated in RA patients, and the elevation was more notable in the bone marrow than in the peripheral blood. Additionally, the percentages of Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells as well as the levels of IL-22 and IL-17 in bone marrow were positively correlated with DAS28. These results suggest that local pro-inflammatory Th cells are elevated in bone marrow, which may play an important role in situ in RA and contribute to the pathogenesis of in RA.
Autologous thyroid cartilage graft implantation in medialization laryngoplasty: a modified approach for treating unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Tsai Ming-Shao , Yang Ming-Yu , Chang Geng-He , Tsai Yao-Te , Lin Meng-Hung , Hsu Cheng-Ming
Published: June 2017

Medialization laryngoplasty is the standard surgical treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. This study presents a modified approach in which a thyroid cartilage graft is implanted in medialization laryngoplasty. 22 patients who underwent this approach were included in the study. The results revealed that glottal incompetence and vocal performance were markedly improved following surgery, and the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 74 months (mean, 21.4 months). Acoustic analysis revealed significant improvements in the maximum phonation time (from 3.51 to 7.89 seconds, p < 0.001), F0 (from 221.7 to 171.0 Hertz, p = 0.025), and jitter (from 7.68 to 3.19, p < 0.001). Perceptual assessment revealed a significant decrease in voice grading (from 2.59 to 1.41, p < 0.001), roughness (from 1.82 to 1.23, p = 0.004), and voice breathiness (from 2.55 to 1.23, p < 0.001). None of the patients exhibited severe wound infection, tissue rejection, or other complications attributed to the surgical procedure. In conclusion, autologous thyroid cartilage implantation in medialization laryngoplasty medializes the vocal cord, minimizes the glottal gap, and improves the voice of patients with vocal fold paralysis. This procedure is characterized by simplicity, safety, and acceptable results.
The Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib delays pain-related behaviour and conserves bone in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Appel Camilla Kristine , Gallego-Pedersen Simone , Andersen Line , Blancheflor Kristensen Sophie , Ding Ming , Falk Sarah , Sayilekshmy Manasi , Gabel-Jensen Charlotte , Heegaard Anne-Marie
Published: June 2017

Pain is a severe and debilitating complication of metastatic bone cancer. Current analgesics do not provide sufficient pain relief for all patients, creating a great need for new treatment options. The Src kinase, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is implicated in processes involved in cancer-induced bone pain, including cancer growth, osteoclastic bone degradation and nociceptive signalling. Here we investigate the role of dasatinib, an oral Src kinase family and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in an animal model of cancer-induced bone pain. Daily administration of dasatinib (15 mg/kg, p.o.) from day 7 after inoculation of MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma cells significantly attenuated movement-evoked and non-evoked pain behaviour in cancer-bearing rats. Radiographic - and microcomputed tomographic analyses showed significantly higher relative bone density and considerably preserved bone micro-architecture in the dasatinib treated groups, suggesting a bone-preserving effect. This was supported by a significant reduction of serum TRACP 5b levels in cancer-bearing rats treated with 15 mg/kg dasatinib. Furthermore, immunoblotting of lumbar spinal segments showed an increased activation of Src but not the NMDA receptor subunit 2B. These findings support a role of dasatinib as a disease modifying drug in pain pathologies characterized by increased osteoclast activity, such as bone metastases.
In-plane anisotropy and twin boundary effects in vanadium nitride under nanoindentation
Authors: Fu Tao , Peng Xianghe , Huang Cheng , Xiang Henggao , Weng Shayuan , Wang Zhongchang , Hu Ning
Published: June 2017

Twin boundaries (TBs) have been observed in and introduced into nonmetallic materials in recent years, which brought new concepts for the design of new structural materials. However, the roles of TB on the mechanical properties and strengthening/softening of transition metal nitrides remain unclear. To investigate the TB effects and the in-plane anisotropy, nanoindentations on VN (111) films with and without TB were simulated with molecular dynamics, in which a cylindrical indenter was used, and its longitudinal axis were assigned along <112> and <110>, respectively. We found that the effect of the indenter orientation is insignificant in the elastic stage, but significant in the following inelastic deformation. Different deformation mechanisms can be found for inelastic deformation, such as twinning and dislocation glide. The migration of TB can be observed, which may release the internal stress, resulting in softening; while the dislocation locking and pileup at TB can enhance the strength. We also found that the strengthening/softening induced by TB depends on the deformation mechanisms induced by indenter directions.
Chrysanthemum WRKY gene DgWRKY5 enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic chrysanthemum
Authors: Liang Qian-yu , Wu Yin-huan , Wang Ke , Bai Zhen-yu , Liu Qing-lin , Pan Yuan-zhi , Zhang Lei , Jiang Bei-bei
Published: June 2017

WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth development, resistance and substance metabolism regulation. However, the exact function of the response to salt stress in plants with specific WRKY transcription factors remains unclear. In this research, we isolated a new WRKY transcription factor DgWRKY5 from chrysanthemum. DgWRKY5 contains two WRKY domains of WKKYGQK and two C2H2 zinc fingers. The expression of DgWRKY5 in chrysanthemum was up-regulated under various treatments. Meanwhile, we observed higher expression levels in the leaves contrasted with other tissues. Under salt stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in transgenic chrysanthemum were significantly higher than those in WT, whereas the accumulation of H2O2, O2− and malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in transgenic chrysanthemum. Several parameters including root length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange parameters in transgenic chrysanthemum were much better compared with WT under salt stress. Moreover, the expression of stress-related genes DgAPX, DgCAT, DgNCED3A, DgNCED3B, DgCuZnSOD, DgP5CS, DgCSD1 and DgCSD2 was up-regulated in DgWRKY5 transgenic chrysanthemum compared with that in WT. These results suggested that DgWRKY5 could function as a positive regulator of salt stress in chrysanthemum.
Modifications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope in the cystic fibrosis airway alters interactions with immune cells
Authors: Hill Preston J. , Scordo Julia M. , Arcos Jesús , Kirkby Stephen E. , Wewers Mark D. , Wozniak Daniel J. , Torrelles Jordi B.
Published: June 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental organism and an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as well as other immune-compromised individuals. During infection, P. aeruginosa enters the terminal bronchioles and alveoli and comes into contact with alveolar lining fluid (ALF), which contains homeostatic and antimicrobial hydrolytic activities, termed hydrolases. These hydrolases comprise an array of lipases, glycosidases, and proteases and thus, they have the potential to modify lipids, carbohydrates and proteins on the surface of invading microbes. Here we show that hydrolase levels between human ALF from healthy and CF patients differ. CF-ALF influences the P. aeruginosa cell wall by reducing the content of one of its major polysaccharides, Psl. This CF-ALF induced Psl reduction does not alter initial bacterial attachment to surfaces but reduces biofilm formation. Importantly, exposure of P. aeruginosa to CF-ALF drives the activation of neutrophils and triggers their oxidative response; thus, defining human CF-ALF as a new innate defense mechanism to control P. aeruginosa infection, but at the same time potentially adding to the chronic inflammatory state of the lung in CF patients.
Correction: Corrigendum: Engineering the residual side chains of HAP phytases to improve their pepsin resistance and catalytic efficiency
Authors: Niu Canfang , Yang Peilong , Luo Huiying , Huang Huoqing , Wang Yaru , Yao Bin
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42133; published online: 10 February 2017; updated: 30 June 2017 In the original version of this Article, there were errors in the affiliation which was incorrectly listed as ‘Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China’.
Correction: Corrigendum: Resisting majesty: Apis cerana, has lower antennal sensitivity and decreased attraction to queen mandibular pheromone than Apis mellifera
Authors: Dong Shihao , Wen Ping , Zhang Qi , Li Xinyu , Tan Ken , Nieh James
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44640; published online: 15 March 2017; updated: 30 June 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the Abstract. “Thus, Ac workers responded less strongly to QMP than Ac workers, and 9-HDA and 10-HDA consistently elicited stronger antennal and retinue formation responses”.
Facile fabrication of a CoO/g-C3N4p–n heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability for tetracycline degradation under visible light
Authors: Guo Feng , Shi Weilong , Wang Huibo , Han Mumei , Li Hao , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2017

The CoO/g-C3N4p–n heterojunction photocatalysts exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light.
Corrosion resistance and biological properties of a micro–nano structured Ti surface consisting of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Hao Jingzu , Li Ying , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Xianlin , Li Baoe , Li Haipeng , Zhou Linxi , Yin Fuxing , Liang Chunyong , Wang Hongshui
Published: June 2017

A micro–nanostructured Ti surface consisting of TiO2 and HA was prepared by MAO, and showed improved corrosion resistance and biological properties.
Two novel Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes of tebuconazole with enhanced antifungal activities
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Yao , Yang Mingyan , Ma Haixia
Published: June 2017

Controlled release studies and theoretical investigations on two complexes based on tebuconazole were carried out to explain their increased antifungal activities.
Optimization of culturing conditions for isolated Arthrobacter sp. ZXY-2, an effective atrazine-degrading and salt-adaptive bacterium
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Wang Li , Du Linna , Yang Jixian , Dong Jing , Ma Fang
Published: June 2017

The isolated strainArthrobactersp. ZXY-2 could biodegrade atrazine effectively with high salinity resistance.
Synthesis, structure and properties of imidazolium-based energetic ionic liquids
Authors: Yang Haijun , Liu Yuejia , Ning Hongli , Lei Jianlei , Hu Gang
Published: June 2017

Energetic ionic liquids bearing a wide liquid temperature range were easily synthesized, which display good thermal stabilities and energetic properties.
Highly sensitive mechanochromic photonic gel towards fast- responsive fingerprinting
Authors: Hong Ri , Shi Yuqi , Wang Xiao-Qiao , Peng Lu , Wu Xingjiang , Cheng Hengyang , Chen Su
Published: June 2017

A highly sensitive mechanochromic photonic gel based on carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded into N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam copolymer was fabricated toward fast-responsive fingerprinting.
Robust, non-fouling liters-per-day flow synthesis of ultra-small catalytically active metal nanoparticles in a single-channel reactor
Authors: Wong Wai Kuan , Yap Swee Kun , Lim Yi Chen , Khan Saif A. , Pelletier Frédéric , Corbos Elena Cristina
Published: June 2017

Robust, non-fouling, litres-per-day continuous synthesis of catalytically active palladium nanoparticles using triphasic segmented flow in a hybrid milli-meso flow reactor.
Rapid detection of intracellular Cys over Hcy and GSH using a novel two-photon coumarinocoumarin-based colorimetric and fluorescent probe
Authors: Chen Chunyang , Zhou Liuqing , Huang Xin , Liu Weisheng
Published: June 2017

A novel coumarinocoumarin-based probe (CCx) has been designed and synthesized for detecting intracellular Cys.
A wearable and highly sensitive strain sensor based on a polyethylenimine–rGO layered nanocomposite thin film
Authors: Ye Xueliang , Yuan Zhen , Tai Huiling , Li Weizhi , Du Xiaosong , Jiang Yadong
Published: June 2017

A novel strain sensor based on reduced graphene oxide with ultra-sensitive and ultra-durable performance was fabricated by the chemical layer-by-layer self-assembly method.
Carbonized silk georgette as an ultrasensitive wearable strain sensor for full-range human activity monitoring
Authors: Wang Chunya , Xia Kailun , Jian Muqiang , Wang Huimin , Zhang Mingchao , Zhang Yingying
Published: June 2017

Silk georgette based wearable strain sensors are developed, which exhibit outstanding performance and great potential in monitoring full-range human motions.
A flexible and self-formed sandwich structure strain sensor based on AgNW decorated electrospun fibrous mats with excellent sensing capability and good oxidation inhibition properties
Authors: Lu Lijun , Wei Xiangdong , Zhang Ye , Zheng Guoqiang , Dai Kun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: June 2017

AgNWs/TPU/PDMS strain sensor with a self-formed sandwich structure was prepared by decorating TPU electrospun mats with AgNWs. This sensor has excellent sensing capability and good oxidation inhibition properties.
Costs and Perioperative Outcomes Associated with Open versus Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancies with Skull Base Involvement
Authors: Fu Terence , Monteiro Eric , Witterick Ian , Vescan Allan , Zadeh Gelareh , Gentili Fred , de Almeida John
Published: June 2017

Objective To compare financial and perioperative outcomes between endoscopic and open surgical approaches in the surgical management of sinonasal malignancies.

Design Retrospective chart review.

Setting Tertiary care hospital.

Participants Patients undergoing surgical resection of a sinonasal malignancy from January 2000 to December 2014.

Main Outcome Measures In-hospital costs, complications, and length of stay (LOS).

Results Of 106 patients, 91 received open surgery (19 free flap and 72 non-free flap) and 15 were treated with purely endoscopic approaches. Free flaps had a significantly higher average cost, operative time, and LOS compared to both non-free flap (p < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.01) and endoscopic (p = 0.01, 0.04, and < 0.01) groups. There were no significant differences in average costs between endoscopic and non-free flap groups ($19,157 vs. $14,806, p = 0.20) or LOS (5.7 vs. 6.4 days, p = 0.72). Compared with the non-free flap group, the endoscopic group had a longer average operative time (8.3 vs. 5.5 hours, p < 0.01) and higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (13 vs. 0%, p = 0.01) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (80 vs. 36%, p < 0.01). Surgical approach (open vs. endoscopic) was not a significant predictor of any financial or perioperative outcome on multivariable analysis.

Conclusion Hospital costs are comparable between endoscopic and open approaches when no free tissue reconstruction is required. Longer operative times, higher CSF leak rates, and our institutional protocol necessitating ICU admission for endoscopic cases may account for the failure to demonstrate cost savings with endoscopic surgery.
Mutterschaft ab 35 Jahren: Das Altersrisiko in der Wahrnehmung von Frauen – eine Literaturstudie
Authors: Niessen Karin , Werner-Bierwisch Therese , Metzing Sabine , Sayn-Wittgenstein Friederike
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Die Anzahl derjenigen Frauen, die im Alter von 35 Jahren oder später Mutter werden, steigt in den Industrienationen weltweit. Mit dem höheren Alter ist eine Zunahme von Risiken für die Fertilität, für die Schwangerschaft, für die Geburt und für die Neugeborenen verbunden. Risikozuschreibungen in der Schwangerschaft beeinflussen die psychosoziale Situation von Frauen negativ. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie Frauen das Altersrisiko erleben.

Methodik Die internationale systematische Literaturrecherche wurde zwischen Dezember 2015 und März 2016 in den elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO und Sowiport durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Studien, welche die Wahrnehmung der reproduktiven Altersrisiken der Mutterschaft in fortgeschrittenem Alter, definiert als ≥ 35 Jahre, fokussieren.

Ergebnisse Es wurden elf Studien unterschiedlichen Designs ausgewertet. Mit Ausnahme von Kenntnissen über die durch das Alter abnehmende Fertilität und die Zunahme bei Trisomie 21 zeigen sich insgesamt geringe Kenntnisse der Teilnehmenden über altersassoziierte Risiken. In der Konfrontation mit den Risiken werden diese als bedrohlich erlebt. Strategien im Umgang mit der Besorgnis sind vielfältig: Informationsmanagement mit Problemen von Über- und Fehlinformation und Informationsvermeidung, Ablenkung von Gedanken an Risiken, Bedürfnis nach Kontrolle und guter Vorbereitung oder eine emotionale Distanz zur Schwangerschaft. Die persönliche Risikobewertung durch die Frauen ist komplex und bezieht ihre sozialen Lebensumstände und ihren Lebensstil mit ein. Dabei werden die medizinischen Zuschreibungen relativiert. Durch die Fokussierung ein gesundes Kind zu gebären unterbleibt häufig die Vorbereitung auf das Leben mit dem Neugeborenen. Auswirkungen auf das Erleben von Mutterschaft zeigen sich insbesondere in einer postpartalen Überforderung in der Versorgung des Neugeborenen.

Diskussion Das Altersrisiko kann von den Betroffenen nur unzureichend eingeschätzt werden. Es zeigen sich verschiedene aus der Risikoforschung bekannte Phänomene. Die medizinische Risikoeinschätzung unterscheidet sich von der Risikowahrnehmung der Frauen. Die Folgen für das Erleben der Mutterschaft machen das Konzept des Altersrisikos diskussionswürdig. Diese Ergebnisse legen für die Gesundheitsberufe nahe, die Versorgung von Schwangeren in fortgeschrittenem Alter stärker auf gesundheitsfördernde Aspekte, Partnerschaft und das Neugeborene auszurichten.
Der Patient als Bedrohung
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: June 2017

Immer häufiger erlebt man frustrierte und enttäuschte Patienten, die viel fordern und nicht
unbedingt bereit sind, an sich selbst zu arbeiten. Müssen Sie ihnen in der Beratung etwas
abschlagen, womit sie fest gerechnet hatten, reagieren manche Menschen beleidigend oder
drohen mit körperlicher Gewalt. Wie gehen Sie damit um?
Das endoskopische Browlift mittels Endotine Forehead Device
bei Fazialisparese
Authors: Holtmann Laura , Büchsenschütz Kerstin , Eckstein Anja , Schlüter Anke , Lang Stephan , Mattheis Stefan
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund: Die Augenpartie ist sowohl in funktioneller Hinsicht als auch
für die Expression von Emotionen von zentraler Bedeutung. Eine chronische
Fazialisparese mit Lähmung des Stirnastes kann zu einer Brauenptosis mit
Einschränkungen des Gesichtsfeldes und einer deutlichen Asymmetrie des Gesichts
führen. Das endoskopische Browlift mit resorbierbarem Endotine Forehead Device
stellt ein attraktives Konzept zur Korrektur der Brauenptosis und
Symmetrisierung der Stirn-/Brauenregion dar.

Material und Methoden Das endoskopische Augenbrauen- und Stirnlift unter
Anwendung des Endotine Forehead Devices wurde in unserer Klinik bisher an 9
Patienten mit Fazialisparese durchgeführt. Das intraoperative Handling,
Komplikationen und das postoperative Ergebnis wurden analysiert. Die
Symmetrisierung der Augenbrauen wurde durch die FACEgram-Software erfasst. Zur
postoperativen Abfrage der Patientenzufriedenheit wurde nach durchschnittlich 10
Monaten der Glasgow Benefit Inventory Fragebogen eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse Mit Hilfe des endoskopischen Stirnlifts mit dem Endotine
Forehead Device gelang eine minimal-invasive, komplikationsarme Symmetrisierung
der Stirn- und Augenbrauenregion. Operationsbedingte Morbiditäten wurden nicht
kaum beobachtet. Folgende Komplikationen wurden beobachtet: Eine Patientin
erlitt eine Rezidivptosis bei postoperativem Hämatom. Eine weitere empfand die
Palpabilität des Device als störend. Die Patienten berichteten über eine
postoperative Steigerung der Lebensqualität, d.er durchschnittliche Punktwert im
Glasgow Benefit Inventory nach der Operation lag bei + 29,2 (SD 13,6).

Schlussfolgerungen Das endoskopische Brow- und Stirnlift mit dem Endotine
Forehead Device stellt eine erfolgreiche, komplikationsarme Therapieoption bei
Brauenptosis in Folge einer Fazialisparese dar.
Hydrogen bonding characterization in water and small molecules
Authors: Silvestrelli Pier Luigi
Published: June 2017

The prototypical hydrogen bond in water dimer and hydrogen bonds in the protonated water dimer, in other small molecules, in water cyclic clusters, and in ice, covering a wide range of bond strengths, are theoretically investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, considering not only a standard generalized gradient approximation functional but also, for the water dimer, hybrid and van der Waals corrected functionals. We compute structural, energetic, and electrostatic (induced molecular dipole moments) properties. In particular, hydrogen bonds are characterized in terms of differential electron density distributions and profiles, and of the shifts of the centres of maximally localized Wannier functions. The information from the latter quantities can be conveyed to a single geometric bonding parameter that appears to be correlated with the Mayer bond order parameter and can be taken as an estimate of the covalent contribution to the hydrogen bond. By considering the water trimer, the cyclic water hexamer, and the hexagonal phase of ice, we also elucidate the importance of cooperative/anticooperative effects in hydrogen-bonding formation.
Treating Late Life Depression
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This therapist guide is designed to give mental health professionals the necessary tools to assess and treat depression, with or without accompanying anxiety, in the elderly. Designed specifically for use with older adults, the three-phase cognitive—behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment described generally is delivered over the course of 16–20 sessions. Phase I provides an introduction to therapy, Phase II helps the client acquire the cognitive and behavioral skills needed to meet the therapy goals, and Phase III deals with termination and how to maintain the gains obtained in therapy. Step-by-step instructions for administering therapy are provided in a user-friendly format, along with information on screening and assessment. Complete with sample dialogues, at-home assignments, and lists of materials needed, this comprehensive guide includes all the tools necessary for facilitating effective treatment.
Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Suicidal Military Personnel and Veterans
Authors: Johnson W. Brad , Koocher Gerald P.
Published: June 2017

This chapter reviews the key ethical issues involved in treating active duty military personnel and military veterans who present with suicidal ideation. The primary issue is striving to help while minimizing harm. Central ethical issues involve competence in suicide risk assessment and intervention, confidentiality, and multiple role situations. All of these play out differently from civilian situations because of contextual demands associated with military settings and rules governing patients and providers in the military context. Critical strategies for addressing these issues include using appropriate consent processes and understanding how best to respect the needs of the patient within the constraints of the military context.