bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SimuVet: a preliminary study of the innovative development of a simulator for epidural anesthesia training in dogs
Authors: Lobo Moraes Paloma , Ghisi Lianna , Paes de Barros Anna Júlia B. , de Carvalho Peixoto Vithor Hugo , Brandini Népoli Pedro Eduardo , Moleta Colodel Edson , Souza de Lima Luiz Felipe , Lopes de Souza Roberto
Published: June 2024

Epidural anesthesia in dogs is a locoregional anesthesia technique used in veterinary medicine, becoming an important integrated application in the anesthetic protocol to provide safer and more effective analgesia to patients. For this, professionals must adhere to rigorous guidelines and possess technical skills. In this context, in veterinary education, the development of practical clinical skills represents a crucial aspect in the training of these professionals. However, traditional teaching methods have proven insufficient to ensure a consistent level of competence among recent graduates. The introduction of non-animal alternatives for educational purposes has contributed to the development of simulation-based teaching, an innovative and accessible field capable of enhancing pre-clinical proficiency in students and reducing the use of live animals and cadavers. Despite its application in various areas of veterinary education, there are no conclusive results regarding the development of accessible simulators capable of effectively enhancing training in epidural anesthesia in dogs. Therefore, this article represents a pioneering study aimed at sharing a method for creating SimuVet, a realistic simulator for training epidural anesthesia in dogs. The simulator was fully developed by veterinary researchers with limited experience in 3D printing and, after preliminary analysis, demonstrated excellent performance and ultrasonographic anatomy. Future work will focus on the formal validation of this simulator with the aim of improving the teaching and learning process for students and experts in performing epidural anesthesia in companion animals.
Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles provide new insights into the triacylglycerol and glucose handling capacities of the Arctic fox
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Yuan Yuan , Si Huazhe , Li Songze , Zhao Fei , Mu Ruina , Lin Zihan , Wang Xiaoxu , Qiu Qiang , Xu Chao , Ji Lele , Li Zhipeng
Published: June 2024

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a species indigenous to the Arctic and has developed unique lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the significantly increased body weight of Arctic foxes was consistent with the significantly increased serum very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and the 40% crude fat diet further increased the Arctic fox body weight. The enhanced body weight gain stems primarily from increased subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation. The adipose triacylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were significantly greater in Arctic foxes. The adipose fatty-acid synthase content was significantly lower in Arctic foxes, highlighting the main role of exogenous fatty-acids in fat accumulation. Considering the same diet, liver-derived fat dominates adipose expansion in Arctic foxes. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed greater fat and VLDL synthesis in Arctic foxes, consistent with the greater VLDL. Glucose homeostasis wasn’t impacted in Arctic foxes. And the free fatty-acids in adipose, which promote insulin resistance, also did not differ between groups. However, the hepatic glycogen was greater in Arctic foxes and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated glycogen synthesis, improving glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that the superior fat accumulation capacity and distinct characteristics of hepatic and adipose lipid and glucose metabolism facilitate glucose homeostasis and massive fat accumulation in Arctic foxes.
The Past, Present, and Future of Cross-Border Cooperation between Municipalities in the South Bohemian Region: A Case Study
Authors: Dušek Jiří
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view of matters of cross-border cooperation, with the main emphasis on the typology and development of structures supporting cross-border cooperation in a selected region of the Czech Republic (South Bohemian Region). The study focuses on the analysis of changes in the methods and ways of cooperation of municipalities in the programming periods 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 (Euroregions, cross-border impulse centers, European territorial cooperation groups, partner and friendly cities, etc.). The research not only analyzes the actual development of cooperation between municipalities in the region studied, but also identifies the prerequisites of and barriers to cross-border cooperation. The data obtained show a significant decrease in the interest of municipalities in cross-border cooperation within the conditions of the Czech Republic in recent years. The current situation with regard to the existence and development of cross-border cooperation in 2024 is not very satisfactory, although it is paradoxically an area strongly supported by the EU Cohesion Policy. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide a comprehensive analysis of cross-border cooperation in the South Bohemian Region. A thorough review of existing literature on cross-border cooperation and related policies was conducted to establish a theoretical framework. The practical part of the study is based on field research carried out by the author in 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. This research examined the level of cooperation between the 623 municipalities in the South Bohemian Region (in 2016, there were 624 municipalities in the region). In the case of cross-border impulse centers, the input data were represented by e-mail and telephone inquiries to representatives of individual municipalities and the websites of Euroregions. To conduct a comprehensive study on cross-border cooperation between municipalities in the South Bohemian Region, logical and scientific methods were used. Universal methods of logic ensured the correctness and orderliness of the thought process, with abstraction identifying key elements. Synthesis was used to divide the study into parts, analyze them in detail, and integrate them into a comprehensive analysis. Scientific methods included analysis to examine the current status and frameworks of cross-border cooperation and comparison to identify similarities or differences between the Czech Republic and neighboring countries.
Simulation Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Seed–Flesh Separation Process of Seed Melon Crushing and Seed Extraction Separator Based on DEM
Authors: Luo Qi , Huang Xiaopeng , Wu Jinfeng , Mou Xiaobin , Xu Yanrui , Li Shengyuan , Ma Guojun , Wan Fangxin , Peng Lizeng
Published: June 2024

In order to enhance the comprehensive processing quality and production efficiency of seed melons, a seed melon crushing and seed-extraction separator has been developed and designed. Aiming at the issues of high impurity rate and scratch rate of melon seeds in the process of seed–flesh separation, the structure and parameters of the seed–flesh separation device were optimized in this study by simulation analysis and field testing. The simulation model of melon seed, melon flesh, and the seed–flesh separation device based on the discrete element method (DEM) was established, and the simulation parameters were calibrated. Subsequently, the melon seed impurity rate (G1) and the melon seed scratch rate (G2) were used as the evaluation indexes. The single-factor simulation test was carried out on the separation roller speed (A). The spacing between the scraper and the screen (B), the separation roller scraper inclination angle (C), and the influence rules of each factor on the separation effect of the seed–flesh were obtained. Finally, the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out. Using the method of ANOVA and multi-objective optimization, the optimal working parameters of the device were obtained as A-117.53 r/min, B-5 mm, and C-10°, at which time the optimal evaluation indexes were G1-5.59% and G2-2.85%. The prototype test was carried out with the optimization results. The values of G1 and G2 were measured at 5.71% and 2.91%, respectively, and the relative errors with the simulation values were 2.15% and 2.11%, respectively, which were basically the same between the simulation model and the prototype test. The results indicate that the designed separation roller speed, spacing between the scraper and screen, and separation roller scraper inclination angle can meet the requirements of seed–flesh separation in the seed melon crushing and seed-extraction separator. The results of the DEM study can provide a reference for the optimal design of the seed–flesh separation device.
Use of Caudal Quadratus Lumborum Block with Ropivacaine as Part of an Opioid-Free Analgesic Protocol in Dogs Undergoing Orchiectomy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Paolini Andrea , Bucci Roberta , Bianchi Amanda , Del Signore Francesca , Parrillo Salvatore , Di Giosia Alessandro , Ristori Claudia , Tamburro Roberto , Robbe Domenico , Carluccio Augusto , Rosa Valeria , Vignoli Massimo
Published: June 2024

In veterinary medicine, the use of loco-regional anesthesia techniques is increasing. The Quadratus Lumborum block (QL) is an interfascial loco-regional technique that involves the release of local anesthetic (LA) between the Quadratus Lumborum and the Small Psoas (Pm) muscle. The study aims to evaluate the effect of the QL block on reducing the total amount of opioids in dogs undergoing pre-scrotal orchiectomy. A group of 36 dogs was enrolled in a randomized blinded study. The animals were divided into two groups: 18 in the experimental group (QL) and 18 in the control group (C). The QL group received 0.4 mL kg−1 of ropivacaine 0.5% for each hemiabdomen (total amount of 3 mg kg−1 of ropivacaine, 1.5 mg kg−1 per side). The C group was brought into the operating room (OR) after receiving the same clipping as the QL group. In the intraoperative period, opioid consumption in the QL group was significantly lower than in the C group. No differences were found in the post-operative phase. No side effects were reported when performing the QL technique. The QL block performed at the level of L6 appears to be a valid approach to reducing opioid use in dogs undergoing orchidectomy with a pre-scrotal surgical approach.
C1 Facetectomy and Ventral Fixation of Occipitoatlantoaxial Complex for Concurrent Congenital Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation and Atlantoaxial Instability in a Toy Poodle
Authors: Kim Kyung-Bin , Jeong Jae-Min , Jeon Young-Jin , Jeong Seong-Mok , Kim Dae-Hyun , Lee Hae-Beom
Published: June 2024

An 8-month-old, 3.4 kg, castrated male Toy Poodle was referred for progressive tetraparesis and respiratory disorder without a history of trauma. Repeated computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with different positions of the neck revealed concurrent atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) and atlantoaxial instability (AAI) with spinal cord compression. This case was unique due to its congenital nature and the absence of trauma. The surgical treatment involved precise removal of the C1 vertebra’s ventral articular facet, which was compressing on the spinal cord, attributed to its fixed and malaligned position within the atlantooccipital joint. Following facetectomy, the stabilization of the occipital bone to the C2 vertebra was achieved by screws, wire, and polymethyl methacrylate. Two days after surgery, the dog recovered ambulation and showed gradual improvement in gait, despite mild residual ataxia. Postoperative CT and radiographs showed successful decompression of the spinal cord. The screw loosening was confirmed at 114 days, which was managed successfully by extracting the affected screws. Through the 21-month monitoring period, the dog showed a normal gait with a wide-based stance of the pelvic limbs when standing and experienced no pain. This case represents the first report of concurrent congenital AOD and AAI treated with a ventral surgical approach, contributing new insights to the understanding and management of such complex cranio-cervical junction disorders in veterinary neurosurgery.
Yokenella regensburgei—Past, Present and Future
Authors: Toc Dan Alexandru , Costache Carmen , Neculicioiu Vlad Sever , Rusu Irina-Maria , Roznovan Bogdan-Valentin , Botan Alexandru , Toc Adelina Georgiana , Șchiopu Pavel , Panaitescu Paul-Stefan , Pană Adrian Gabriel , Colosi Ioana Alina
Published: June 2024

Yokenella regensburgei is a Gram-negative rod part of the Enterobacteriaceae family (order Enterobacterales) and a rare cause of human infections. Although improved diagnostic methods have led to an increase in reports of this elusive pathogen, information remains limited. In order to provide a better understanding of this bacterium, we developed the first comprehensive review of its biology, biochemical profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, virulence factors, natural reservoir and involvement in various veterinary and human infections. Human infections with this bacterium are scarcely reported, most probably due to constraints regarding its identification and biochemical similarities to Hafnia alvei. Multiple systematic searches revealed 23 cases of human infection, with a seemingly worldwide distribution, mostly in middle-aged or elderly male patients, often associated with immunosuppression. To date, Y. regensburgei has been reported in skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia and sepsis, osteoarticular infections and in others such as urinary tract and digestive infections. The unique ability of Y. regensburgei to degrade polystyrene presents a novel and promising avenue for addressing plastic pollution in the near future. However, large-scale applications of this bacterium will undoubtedly increase human exposure, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive research into its role in human and veterinary infections, pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance.
Cadmium-Induced Changes in the Accumulation of Sugars and the PsGolS Transcript in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Głowacka Katarzyna , Pluskota Wioletta E. , Najdzion Janusz , Okorski Adam , Olszewski Jacek , Lahuta Lesław B.
Published: June 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a key stress factor that affects plant development. To examine the influence of Cd stress, we analysed the tissue localisation of polysaccharides (Periodic Acid Schiff reaction), qualitative and quantitative changes in soluble carbohydrates (High-Resolution Gas Chromatography), and the expression of the galactinol synthase (PsGolS) and raffinose synthase (PsRS) genes in 4-week-old Pisum sativum L. ‘Pegaz’. The plants were treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 µM CdSO4 for one week and analysed on the 1st, 7th, and 28th days after Cd application. Pea as an excluder plant accumulated Cd mainly in the roots. Cd induced starch grain storage in the stems and the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in roots and shoots after 28 days of Cd treatment. In controls, soluble carbohydrate levels decreased during the plant growth. In addition, Cd increased galactinol and raffinose levels, indicating their important role in response to Cd stress in peas. Moreover, the analysis confirmed that the expression of PsGolS was induced by Cd. Overall, the results of the distribution of carbohydrates in pea plants, together with the inhibition of seed production by Cd, indicate that plants tend to allocate energy to stress response mechanisms rather than to reproductive processes.
A Preliminary Protocol of Radiographic Image Processing for Quantifying the Severity of Equine Osteoarthritis in the Field: A Model of Bone Spavin
Authors: Turek Bernard , Borowska Marta , Jankowski Krzysztof , Skierbiszewska Katarzyna , Pawlikowski Marek , Jasiński Tomasz , Domino Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the tarsal joint, also known as bone spavin, is a progressive joint disease that increases in severity with age. It is a significant cause of hind limb lameness, leading to a deterioration in the quality of life of horses, particularly in old age. In this study, the tarsal joints of 20 older horses aged 15 to 35 years were radiographically imaged and processed using the computed digital absorptiometry (CDA) method for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment. The radiological signs of bone spavin were scored on a scale ranging from normal (0) to severe OA (3), and the examined joints were grouped according to the severity of OA. The percentage of color pixels (%color pixels), representing successive steps on the scale of X-ray absorption by a density standard, differed between the steps in a BMD characteristic manner for each group. Furthermore, two examined ranges of relative density allowed for the distinction of joints affected by severe OA from other joints, while another two ranges allowed for the differentiation of joints affected by moderate and severe OA from normal joints. The proposed color annotation-assisted decomposition of radiological images based on the CDA protocol shows promise for advancing research on the quantification of radiological signs of OA. This approach could be valuable for monitoring the progression of the disease in older horses.
YOLO-Chili: An Efficient Lightweight Network Model for Localization of Pepper Picking in Complex Environments
Authors: Chen Hailin , Zhang Ruofan , Peng Jialiang , Peng Hao , Hu Wenwu , Wang Yi , Jiang Ping
Published: June 2024

Currently, few deep models are applied to pepper-picking detection, and existing generalized neural networks face issues such as large model parameters, prolonged training times, and low accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the YOLO-chili target detection algorithm for chili pepper detection. Initially, the classical target detection algorithm YOLOv5 serves as the benchmark model. We introduce an adaptive spatial feature pyramid structure that combines the attention mechanism and the concept of multi-scale prediction to enhance the model’s detection capabilities for occluded and small target peppers. Subsequently, we incorporate a three-channel attention mechanism module to improve the algorithm’s long-distance recognition ability and reduce interference from redundant objects. Finally, we employ a quantized pruning method to reduce model parameters and achieve lightweight processing. Applying this method to our custom chili pepper dataset, we achieve an average precision (AP) value of 93.11% for chili pepper detection, with an accuracy rate of 93.51% and a recall rate of 92.55%. The experimental results demonstrate that YOLO-chili enables accurate and real-time pepper detection in complex orchard environments.
Assessment of the Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Performance of Long-Span Twin-Box Bridges Based upon Multidimensional Surrogate Models
Authors: Badhurshah Rameez , Álvarez Antonio J. , Nieto Félix , Jurado José Á. , Hernández Santiago
Published: June 2024

Twin-box decks are being extensively used in the design of long-span bridges due to their superior flutter performance. Although the significant role played by the gap distance has been previously addressed in the frame of experimental studies, there is still a lack of understanding about the complex interplay between box geometry, gap distance and the aerodynamic force coefficients and flutter derivatives. In the present work, firstly, a surrogate model is developed, considering three design inputs for the geometry of the deck along with the angle of attack, providing the force coefficients as output. Afterwards, the work is then extended by developing another surrogate model, considering as inputs the reduced velocity and the same geometric variables of the deck, with the outputs being the flutter derivatives. The methodology, comprising the selection of the design domain, the definition of the samples, the CFD-based evaluation of the samples' response and the construction of the surrogate through the application of the neural network-based radial basis method, is reviewed. The surrogate models enable a quantitative description of the impact caused in the force coefficients and the flutter derivatives by modifications in the geometry of the twin-box deck. It has been found that flutter derivatives H1*, H2* and A2* are strongly dependent on the gap distance.
Effect of Body Composition on Aerobic Capacity Level and Post-Workout Restitution during the Training Camp Preparing for the European Wrestling Cadet Men’s Championships
Authors: Prokopczyk Adam , Sokołowski Marek , Witkowski Kazimierz
Published: June 2024

Background: The cognitive objective of the study was to determine the relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity levels at the beginning and end of the training camp and to demonstrate the relationship between body fat levels, free-fat mass levels, and total body water levels and the change in post-workout restitution during the training camp period in preparation for an international wrestling championship competition. Methods: Athletes of the Polish National Team in classical-style wrestling (n = 16) during a training camp before the European Cadet Men’s Championships. Aerobic capacity was analyzed using the Maximal Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run Test (Beep-Test). Post-workout restitution was calculated using the Klonowicz coefficient of restitution. Body composition was analyzed using the electrical bioimpedance method. Results: Significant associations were found between body composition and aerobic capacity and between body composition and post-workout restitution changes during the grouping period. Conclusions: It is necessary to regularly monitor the process of puberty, body composition, and co-occurring adaptive relationships during the period of direct preparation for championship competitions in wrestlers in the cadet age group.
Enhanced Pest Recognition Using Multi-Task Deep Learning with the Discriminative Attention Multi-Network
Authors: Dong Zhaojie , Wei Xinyu , Wu Yonglin , Guo Jiaming , Zeng Zhixiong
Published: June 2024

Accurate recognition of agricultural pests is crucial for effective pest management and reducing pesticide usage. In recent research, deep learning models based on residual networks have achieved outstanding performance in pest recognition. However, challenges arise from complex backgrounds and appearance changes throughout the pests’ life stages. To address these issues, we develop a multi-task learning framework utilizing the discriminative attention multi-network (DAM-Net) for the main task of recognizing intricate fine-grained features. Additionally, our framework employs the residual network-50 (ResNet-50) for the subsidiary task that enriches texture details and global contextual information. This approach enhances the main task with comprehensive features, improving robustness and precision in diverse agricultural scenarios. An adaptive weighted loss mechanism dynamically adjusts task loss weights, further boosting overall accuracy. Our framework achieves accuracies of 99.7% on the D0 dataset and 74.1% on the IP102 dataset, demonstrating its efficacy in training high-performance pest-recognition models.
Inverse Kinematics of Large Hydraulic Manipulator Arm Based on ASWO Optimized BP Neural Network
Authors: Lin Yansong , Xu Qiaoyu , Ju Wenhao , Zhang Tianle
Published: June 2024

In order to solve the problem of insufficient end positioning accuracy due to factors such as gravity and material strength during the inverse solution process of a large hydraulic robotic arm, this paper proposes an inverse solution algorithm based on an adaptive spider wasp optimization (ASWO) optimized back propagation (BP) neural network. Firstly, the adaptability of the SWO algorithm is enhanced by analyzing the phase change in population fitness and dynamically adjusting the trade-off rate, crossover rate, and population size in real time. Then, the ASWO algorithm is used to optimize the initial weights and biases of the BP neural network, effectively addressing the problem of the BP neural network falling into local optima. Finally, a neural network mapping relationship between the actual position of the robotic arm’s end-effector and the corresponding joint values is established to reduce the influence of forward kinematic errors on the accuracy of the inverse solution. Experimental results show that the average positioning error of the robotic arm in the XYZ direction is reduced from (91.3, 87.38, 117.31) mm to (18.16, 24.67, 27.21) mm, significantly improving positioning accuracy by 80.11%, 71.78%, and 76.81%, meeting project requirements.
Automated Trucks’ Impact on Pavement Fatigue Damage
Authors: Yeganeh Ali , Vandoren Bram , Pirdavani Ali
Published: June 2024

The automated truck’s steering system can potentially control its lateral movement (i.e., wander mode) within the lane. The controlled wander mode of automated trucks could affect the transverse loading distribution of the wheels and consequently influence pavement fatigue damage in the long term. This study examines the effects of potential wander modes on pavement fatigue damage, considering the effects of lane width, market penetration rate, flexible pavement layers’ thickness, and stiffness of the materials. This study uses a finite element model to calculate the flexible pavement response. The mechanistic–empirical method is used to compute the total fatigue damage index for a specific design period, incorporating the wander mode effect. Comparing the fatigue damage indices indicates that automated trucks could either reduce the damage index value from −1.41% to −7.05% (i.e., mitigator scenario) or increase it from +11.6% to +278.57% (i.e., aggravator scenario), depending on their deployment scenarios. Moreover, the findings show that using a uniform-wander mode instead of a zero-wander mode or increasing the thickness and stiffness of the pavement layers could effectively reduce the adverse effect of automated trucks on fatigue damage and reduce the damage indices from −0.06% to −42.95%. However, their impact is considerably influenced by market penetration rate and lane width.
Talent Identification in Football: Different Effects of Maturation on Sprinting, Change of Direction and Jumping in 13-Year-Old Players
Authors: Lehnert Michal , Holík Roman , Prycl David , Sigmund Martin , Sigmundová Dagmar , Malý Tomáš
Published: June 2024

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the influence of the maturity status on speed, explosive power and change of direction (COD) in 13-year-old football players. Ninety-eight male players (age: 13.1 ± 1.0 y) were divided into late, average and early-maturation groups. Physical fitness testing included the following variables: 10 and 30 m sprint time and maximum speed in the 20–30 m segment of the 30 m sprint test, the T-test time, countermovement jump height and horizontal distance in the triple jump. The data showed a significant effect of maturity status on performance in three parameters: at maximum speed in the 20–30 m section (p = 0.024), but the only significant differences were found between the early-maturation group and average-maturation group (p = 0.033); in the COD (p = 0.024), where significant differences were confirmed between the late-maturation group and the average-maturation group (p = 0.033); and in the unilateral triple jump distance of the dominant and non-dominant (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively) lower limb. For both limbs, significant differences between the late-maturation group and average-maturation group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively) as well as the late-maturation group and early-maturation group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.045, respectively) were shown. These results indicate that maximal speed, COD speed and unilateral lower limb reactive strength are moderated by biological age in football players aged 13 years.
Optimal and Efficient Approximations of Gradients of Functions with Nonindependent Variables
Authors: Lamboni Matieyendou
Published: June 2024

Gradients of smooth functions with nonindependent variables are relevant for exploring complex models and for the optimization of the functions subjected to constraints. In this paper, we investigate new and simple approximations and computations of such gradients by making use of independent, central, and symmetric variables. Such approximations are well suited for applications in which the computations of the gradients are too expansive or impossible. The derived upper bounds of the biases of our approximations do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality for any 2-smooth function, and they theoretically improve the known results. Also, our estimators of such gradients reach the optimal (mean squared error) rates of convergence (i.e., O(N−1)) for the same class of functions. Numerical comparisons based on a test case and a high-dimensional PDE model show the efficiency of our approach.
Constructing Approximations to Bivariate Piecewise-Smooth Functions
Authors: Levin David
Published: June 2024

This paper demonstrates that the space of piecewise-smooth bivariate functions can be well-approximated by the space of the functions defined by a set of simple (non-linear) operations on smooth uniform tensor product splines. The examples include bivariate functions with jump discontinuities or normal discontinuities across curves, and even across more involved geometries such as a three-corner discontinuity. The provided data may be uniform or non-uniform, and noisy, and the approximation procedure involves non-linear least-squares minimization. Also included is a basic approximation theorem for functions with jump discontinuity across a smooth curve.
Protector Role of Cx30.2 in Pancreatic β-Cell against Glucotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Ortega-Cuellar Daniel , González-Sánchez Ignacio , Piñón-Zárate Gabriela , Cerbón Marco A. , De la Rosa Víctor , Franco-Juárez Yuliana , Castell-Rodríguez Andrés , Islas León D. , Coronel-Cruz Cristina
Published: June 2024

Glucotoxicity may exert its deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cell function via a myriad of mechanisms, leading to impaired insulin secretion and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. β-cell communication requires gap junction channels to be present among these cells. Gap junctions are constituted by transmembrane proteins of the connexins (Cxs) family. Two Cx genes have been identified in β cells, Cx36 and Cx30.2. We have found evidence that the glucose concentration on its own is sufficient to regulate Cx30.2 gene expression in mouse islets. In this work, we examine the involvement of the Cx30.2 protein in the survival of β cells (RIN-m5F). Methods: RIN-m5F cells were cultured in 5 mM D-glucose (normal) or 30 mM D-glucose (high glucose) for 24 h. Cx30.2 siRNAs was used to downregulate Cx30.2 expression. Apoptosis was measured by means of TUNEL, an annexin V staining method, and the cleaved form of the caspase-3 protein was determined using Western blot. Results: High glucose did not induce apoptosis in RIN-m5F β cells after 24 h; interestingly, high glucose increased the Cx30.2 total protein levels. Moreover, this work found that the downregulation of Cx30.2 expression in high glucose promoted apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells. Conclusion: The data suggest that the upregulation of Cx30.2 protects β cells from hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Cx30.2 may be a promising avenue of therapeutic investigation for the treatment of glucose metabolic disorders.
Unlocking Synergistic Hepatoprotection: Dapagliflozin and Silymarin Combination Therapy Modulates Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Satyam Shakta Mani , Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady , Rehman Abdul , Attia Mohamed , Ahmed Layth , Emad Karam , Jaafer Yusuf , Bahaaeldin Abdelrehman
Published: June 2024

This study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of dapagliflozin and silymarin alone and in combination to combat carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and the anticipated mechanisms. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five different groups. All the experimental animals except the normal control (Group I) were administered CCl4. Additionally, Groups II, III, IV, and V were treated with gum acacia, silymarin, dapagliflozin, and a combination of dapagliflozin and silymarin, respectively, for 14 days. Dapagliflozin, silymarin alone, and in combination, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum levels of ALT, AST, AST:ALT ratio, and total bilirubin compared to CCl4-intoxicated control rats. There was a notable reduction (p < 0.05) observed in the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, nitrites, and 4-hydroxynonenal, accompanied by an elevation in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in liver homogenates of the groups treated with dapagliflozin, silymarin alone, and in combination, as compared to the CCl4-intoxicated control group. Dapagliflozin in combination with silymarin showed a synergistic hepatoprotective effect. Our study reveals the profound hepatoprotective potential of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with silymarin in CCl4-intoxicated Wistar rats by modulating the Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways.
School-Based Team Sports as Catalysts for Holistic Student Wellness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kang Xiaolei , Meng Qing , Su Chun-Hsien
Published: June 2024

The narrative review examines how school-based team sports catalyze holistic student wellness, leveraging their inherent nature and addressing barriers to inclusivity. Utilizing the holistic wellness framework—which encompasses physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, and occupational dimensions—the review evaluates the multifaceted effects of these sports on student well-being. Supported by wellness models like Dr. Bill Hettler’s Six Dimensions of Wellness and various research studies, the framework highlights the interconnectedness of these areas in achieving overall well-being. School-based team sports promote discipline, teamwork, physical fitness, and social interaction while fostering skill development, ethical behavior, and emotional resilience. These elements, collectively, may support the holistic development of students, enhancing their overall health and success. The methodological approach of this review involves a synthesis of empirical research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses from the past two decades (2004–2024), sourced from databases such as PubMed, EBSCO (EDS), and Google Scholar. Key findings include enhanced cardiovascular fitness, emotional resilience, cognitive performance, social skills, spiritual fulfillment, and career readiness awareness. The review highlights the necessity of integrating team sports into educational curricula to promote well-rounded student development and proposes strategies to overcome socioeconomic, cultural, and structural barriers to participation. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to examine the long-term effects of team sports and explore the potential of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing these benefits.
Unveiling the Dynamics: Exploring User Affective and Behavioral Responses to Social Media
Authors: Ji Seonggoo , Jan Ihsan Ullah
Published: June 2024

Social media has outperformed traditional media as a source of interpersonal and masspersonal communication tools. The extant literature offers valuable knowledge on the positive and (or) negative attributes of social media and their ultimate effects on users’ affective and behavioral responses. However, it is unclear how the positive and negative attributes of social media affect users’ responses simultaneously. Drawing on the newly proposed social media demands and resources (SMD-R) model, the present study examined the positive and negative attributes of social media on the affective outcomes of social media fatigue (hereafter SM fatigue) and SM engagement (hereafter SM engagement) and behavioral outcomes of users in a single integrated framework. Data were gathered from 235 social media users in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) to test the proposed framework. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted, and the results showed that SM demands positively related to SM fatigue and negatively related to SM engagement. SM resources positively related to SM engagement and did not affect SM fatigue. SM fatigue positively related to SM discontinuous intention and negatively related to SM loyalty. Finally, SM engagement positively related to SM loyalty and negatively related to SM discontinuous intention. These findings contribute to the social media literature by proposing and empirically testing the SMD-R model, which integrates SM demands, SM resources, and the affective and behavioral responses of users.
Dynamics of Perceived Stress, Stress Appraisal, and Coping Strategies in an Evolving Educational Landscape
Authors: Maqsood Aneela , Gul Seema , Noureen Nazia , Yaswi Arooj
Published: June 2024

In the evolving landscape of education, college teachers often find themselves at the crossroads of myriad stressors, ranging from institutional demands to personal challenges. Understanding the factors that influence their stress perceptions and coping mechanisms is pivotal, not just for their well-being, but also for the overall quality of education imparted. This study sought to investigate the intricate relationships between gender, marital status, institutional affiliation, and their collective impacts on perceived stress, stress appraisal, and coping strategies among college teachers. A sample of 300 college teachers, evenly split with reference to gender, was engaged. Employing tools including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), and Brief COPE, the analysis of the study used independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation to derive insights. Findings revealed pronounced gender disparities in stress perception and appraisal, with women teachers manifesting heightened levels. Marital status emerged as a significant modulator of stress and coping, with married teachers depicting nuanced stress and its appraisal with reported coping strategies compared to their unmarried peers. Furthermore, a significant variance in perceived stress and coping was observed between teachers of private and governmental institutions, with private institution teachers displaying elevated stress levels. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of stress experiences among college teachers in Pakistan, influenced by a blend of personal and institutional determinants. These insights are pivotal for institutions aiming to enhance the well-being and effectiveness of their teachers. However, given the specific cultural context of the study, there is an imperative for more global, comparative research, ensuring holistic support mechanisms for teachers worldwide.
The Relationship between Stress and Academic Self-Efficacy among Students at Elite Colleges: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Liu Xinqiao , Zhu Chen , Dong Zifei , Luo Yunfeng
Published: June 2024

Stress and academic self-efficacy are crucial factors in the psychological health of college students. Previous research has shown that stress is associated with academic self-efficacy, but their longitudinal relationships among students at elite colleges remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationships between stress and academic self-efficacy among students from five elite colleges in China. Descriptive statistics indicated that students experienced a slight reduction in stress accompanied by a marginal increase in academic self-efficacy from the junior year to the senior year. Correlation analysis revealed that stress was negatively correlated with academic self-efficacy. According to cross-lagged models, heightened stress significantly predicted lower levels of academic self-efficacy. However, greater academic self-efficacy did not significantly predict lower stress. In conclusion, stress exhibited a unidirectional negative prediction on academic self-efficacy over time among students at elite colleges. The results of this study suggested that elite colleges should pay more attention to the mental health of students and provide appropriate guidance, such as establishing a positive mental health atmosphere in the educational environment and employing advanced technological means.
Adolescent Female Users’ Avatar Creation in Social Virtual Worlds: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ko Chaeeun , Kim Seongcheol
Published: June 2024

Many adolescent females are active online, finding creative ways to express themselves through evolving social media technologies. Social virtual worlds (SVWs), distinguished by extensive avatar customization features, provide them with unique opportunities to craft virtual identities and explore diverse facets of self-presentation. This study investigates adolescent females’ construction of avatars in Zepeto, a South Korea-based global SVW platform. Employing social representation theory (SRT) as a theoretical framework, this study conducted in-depth interviews with adolescent female Zepeto users to uncover their perceptions of and motivations behind avatar creation in SVWs, as well as to explore how the interplay of virtual and real worlds presents them with various opportunities and challenges. While the prospects of SVWs remain uncertain, examining how these young users interpret and experience SVWs contributes to identifying potential strategies to enhance the sustainability of these platforms.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Agent-Based Modeling in Analyzing Pedestrian Dynamics within the Built Environment: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lakmali Rubasin Gamage Niluka , Genovese Paolo Vincenzo , Abewardhana Abewardhana Arachchi Bandula Dimuthu Priyadarshana
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of pedestrian behavior within the built environment represent a multifaceted and evolving field of study, profoundly influenced by shifts in industrial and commercial paradigms. This systematic literature review (SLR) is motivated by the imperative to comprehensively investigate and assess the built environment through the lens of pedestrian modeling, employing advanced modeling tools. While previous scholarship has explored the interplay between the built environment and pedestrian dynamics (PD), there remains a conspicuous gap in research addressing the utilization of agent-based modeling (ABM) tools for a nuanced evaluation of PD within these contexts. The SLR highlights the essential and practical benefits of using ABM to study PD in built environments and combine related theories and practical projects. Beyond theoretical discussions, it emphasizes the real-world contributions of ABM in understanding and visualizing how people behave in urban spaces. It aims to provide deep insights for both researchers and urban planners. By thoroughly examining recent research, it not only explores the practical uses of ABM but also reveals its broad implications for various aspects of pedestrian behavior in built environments. As a result, this SLR becomes a key resource for understanding the crucial role of ABM in studying the complexities of our surroundings. The findings and discussion here highlight ABM’s vital role in bridging the gap between theory and practice, improving our understanding of pedestrian behavior in urban settings. Furthermore, this study outlines promising avenues for future research, thereby fostering continued exploration and innovation in the dynamic realm of pedestrian behavior within built environments.
A Bio-Based Tackifier Synthesized by Room-Temperature Cationic Copolymerization of Isobutene and β-Pinene
Authors: Ajala Oluwaseyi Aderemi , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi , Tanaka Ryo
Published: June 2024

Whereas the cationic homopolymerization of β-pinene and isobutene (IB) have been extensively studied, their copolymerization is still very scarce, and the conditions under which copolymerization can occur are limited to extremely low temperatures. Moreover, the application of the copolymer has not been reported. Here, a series of room-temperature copolymerizations of β-pinene and IB, using group 13 compounds as catalysts, were conducted. The copolymerizations yielded a low molecular weight (Mn ~ 103) and a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 2.0) copolymer, with a satisfactory yield at various comonomer feeds, and their glass transition temperature was predictable from the comonomer composition. Furthermore, the tackifying property of the obtained copolymer was investigated using a 180° peel adhesion test. A blend polymer of the copolymer and a styrene-isoprene triblock copolymer showed a high peeling force (0.58 ± 0.14 N/10 mm) and a glass transition temperature low enough for its application as a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Molecular Mechanisms of the Therapeutic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Varlamova Elena G.
Published: June 2024

This review describes and summarizes, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles of various origins on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The text provides information from recent years indicating the regulation of various signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress by selenium nanoparticles; the pathways of cell death of liver cancer cells as a result of exposure to selenium nanoparticles are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of selenoproteins and selenium-containing thioredoxin reductases and glutathione peroxidases in these processes. Previously, there were no reviews that fully reflected the cytotoxic effects of selenium nanoparticles specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the fact that many reviews and experimental articles have been devoted to the causes of this disease and the molecular mechanisms of regulation of cytotoxic effects by other agents. The relevance of this review is primarily explained by the fact that despite the development of various drugs and approaches for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, this disease is still the fourth leading cause of death in the world. For this reason, a complete understanding of the latest trends in the treatment of oncology of various etiologies, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, is extremely important.
PhosphoLipidome Alteration Induced by Clostridioides difficile Toxin B in Enteric Glial Cells
Authors: Buratta Sandra , Urbanelli Lorena , Pellegrino Roberto Maria , Alabed Husam B. R. , Latella Raffaella , Cerrotti Giada , Emiliani Carla , Bassotti Gabrio , Spaterna Andrea , Marconi Pierfrancesco , Fettucciari Katia
Published: June 2024

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is responsible for a spectrum of nosocomial/antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal diseases that are increasing in global incidence and mortality rates. The C. difficile pathogenesis is due to toxin A and B (TcdA/TcdB), both causing cytopathic and cytotoxic effects and inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that TcdB induces cytopathic and cytotoxic (apoptosis and necrosis) effects in enteric glial cells (EGCs) in a dose/time-dependent manner and described the underlying signaling. Despite the role played by lipids in host processes activated by pathogens, to counter infection and/or induce cell death, to date no studies have investigated lipid changes induced by TcdB/TcdA. Here, we evaluated the modification of lipid composition in our in vitro model of TcdB infection. Apoptosis, cell cycle, cell viability, and lipidomic profiles were evaluated in EGCs treated for 24 h with two concentrations of TcdB (0.1 ng/mL; 10 ng/mL). In EGCs treated with the highest concentration of TcdB, not only an increased content of total lipids was observed, but also lipidome changes, allowing the separation of TcdB-treated cells and controls into different clusters. The statistical analyses also allowed us to ascertain which lipid classes and lipid molecular species determine the clusterization. Changes in lipid species containing inositol as polar head and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine emerged as key indicators of altered lipid metabolism in TcdB-treated EGCs. These results not only provide a picture of the phospholipid profile changes but also give information regarding the lipid metabolism pathways altered by TcdB, and this might represent an important step for developing strategies against C. difficile infection.