bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forskning og udviklingsarbejde i Danmark 1967-2011
Authors: Lauridsen Per Stig , Krogh Graversen Ebbe
Published: February 2025

Nærværende notat giver en oversigt over en række udvalgte danske Forsknings- og Udviklingsdata, FoU, for hele den periode hvori disse er indsamlet for Danmark. Danmark startede blandt de første lande med at indsamle FoU-data tilbage i 1967. Her havde OECD samlet og koordineret arbejdet med at definere og beskrive hvorledes denne dataindsamling burde foregå. Manualen herfor blev vedtaget på et møde i Frascati og fik heraf navnet Frascati-manualen.
Køn i forskning i Det Frie Forskningsråd
Authors: Bloch Carter Walter , Henriksen Dorte
Published: February 2025

Nærværende rapport har til formål at give et overblik over centrale emner og relevant datamateriale vedrørende kønsfordelingen i den danske forskningsverden, samt at se nærmere på kønsaspektet i forhold til Det Frie Forskningsråds (DFF) praksis
Rapporten er ledsaget af tabelsamlingen ”Køn og forskning i Det Frie Forskningsråd”, marts 2013.
Køn og forskning i Det Frie Forskningsråd: Tabelsamling
Authors: Bloch Carter Walter , Henriksen Dorte
Published: February 2025

Dette dokument indeholder tabeller, der skal ledsage rapporten ”Køn og forskning i Det Frie Forskningsråd” (2013).
Århus Universitet - Beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2012 - Rapport for kandidatdimittender
Authors: Krogh Graversen Ebbe , Ryan Thomas Kjeldager , Lauridsen Per Stig
Published: February 2025

Denne rapport indeholder resultaterne af Aarhus Universitets beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2012 for færdiguddannede kandidater.
I rapporten redegøres der for den overordnede beskæftigelsessituation, og der gives en nærmere karakteristik af beskæftigelsen i forhold til bl.a. sektor, branche og region samt en beskrivelse af overgangen fra endt uddannelse til arbejdsmarked.
Århus Universitet - Beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2013 - Rapport for kandidatdimittender
Authors: Lauridsen Per Stig , Krogh Graversen Ebbe
Published: February 2025

Denne rapport indeholder resultaterne af Aarhus Universitets beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2013 for færdiguddannede kandidater. Undersøgelsen omfatter to årgange af kandidatdimittender fra Aarhus Universitet: de kandidater, der afsluttede deres uddannelse mellem 1. april 2008 og 31. marts 2009, og de kandidater, der dimitterede mellem 1. april 2012 og 31. marts 2013.
Århus Universitet - Beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2013 – Opsummering af årets resultater
Authors: Lauridsen Per Stig , Krogh Graversen Ebbe
Published: February 2025

Denne opsummering samler resultaterne af Aarhus Universitets beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2013 for færdiguddannede kandidater og ph.d.er. Den samlede beskæftigelsesundersøgelse for Aarhus Universitet omfatter alle fire uddannelsesgrupper: professionsbachelorer, bachelorer, kandidater og ph.d.er henholdsvis et og fem år efter deres uddannelsesafslutning på AU. Det er kun bacheloruddannelser, hvor en stor del af dimittenderne af forskellige årsager ikke fortsætter på en kandidatuddannelse på AU, der er omfattet af undersøgelsen blandt bachelorer.
I hver rapport er der redegjort for den overordnede beskæftigelsessituation, og der gives en nærmere karakteristik af beskæftigelsen i forhold til bl.a. sektor, branche og region samt en beskrivelse af overgangen fra endt uddannelse til arbejdsmarked.
Autonomi och kvalitet – ett uppföljningsprojekt om implementering och effekter av två högskolereformer i Sverig. Delredovisning 4. Den fallstudiebaserade undersökningens
Authors: Haase Sanne , Ryan Thomas Kjeldager
Published: February 2025

I den här fjärde delredovisningen redovisas en djupgående fallstudie av nio utbildningsmiljöer på tre olika lärosäten. Fallstudien sträcker sig över en tvåårsperiod och är indelad i två faser, där de nio utbildningsmiljöerna besöks i två omgångar.
Autonomi och kvalitet - ett uppföljningsprojekt om implementering och effekter av två högskolereformer i Sverige. Huvudrapport
Authors: Sørensen Mads P. , Haase Sanne , Krogh Graversen Ebbe , Kalpazidou Schmidt Evanthia , Mejlgaard Niels , Ryan Thomas Kjeldager
Published: February 2025

Denna huvudrapport sammanfattar resultaten av en uppföljning utförd av Dansk Center for Forskningsanalyse på uppdrag av riksdagens utbildningsutskott under perioden juni 2013 till november 2014. Uppföljningen har till syfte att belysa implementeringen och effekterna av autonomireformen och kvalitetsreformen och består av följande fyra delar:

en skrivbordsstudie som bildar utgångspunkten för undersökningen genom att beskriva reformerna i ett historiskt och internationellt perspektiv.
en intervjuundersökning med den högsta ledningen från 26 olika lärosäten om deras upplevelser av implementeringen och effekterna av de båda reformerna.
en enkätundersökning som riktar sig till de utbildningsansvariga om deras upplevelser och erfarenheter av reformprocesserna och reformernas implementering och effekter.
en fallstudiebaserad undersökning där man med hjälp av fokusgrupper och intervjuer med olika typer av aktörer med koppling till nio utbildningar fördjupar sig i aktörernas upplevelser av reformernas implementering och effekter lokalt.
Mapping Danish Research on Research and Innovation
Authors: Degn Lise , Bloch Carter Walter , Schneider Jesper Wiborg
Published: February 2025

This report presents the results of a study aimed at mapping Danish research on research and innovation (RI-research). The study was conducted by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, from December 2013 to September 2014, for the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, under the Ministry of Higher Education and Science. The report contains results and analyses based on five interconnected parts of the study: (1) desk research providing an initial overview of a diverse field and a working definition of RI-research; (2) a survey among department heads addressing the resources and organization of RI-research; (3) a co-nomination study among researchers in the field mapping the cognitive networks and cooperation patterns; (4) qualitative interviews with key researchers in the field; and (5) bibliometric analyses of the impact of Danish RI-research.
Århus Universitet: Beskæftigelseundersøgelse 2014 – rapport for ph.d.-dimittender
Authors: Lauridsen Per Stig , Krogh Graversen Ebbe
Published: February 2025

Denne rapport indeholder resultaterne af Aarhus Universitets beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2014 for færdiguddannede ph.d.er. Undersøgelsen omfatter to årgange af ph.d.-dimittender fra Aarhus Universitet (AU): de ph.d.er, der afsluttede deres uddannelse mellem 1. april 2009 og 31. marts 2010, og de ph.d.er, der dimitterede mellem 1. april 2013 og 31. marts 2014.
I rapporten redegøres der for den overordnede beskæftigelsessituation, og der gives en nærmere karakteristik af beskæftigelsen i forhold til bl.a. sektorer, brancher og geografisk spredning samt en beskrivelse af overgangen fra endt uddannelse til arbejdsmarked.
Links between research policy and national academic performance
Authors: Aagaard Kaare , Schneider Jesper Wiborg
Published: February 2025

Based on a study commissioned by The Danish Council for Research and Innovation Policy (DFiR) this report examines the relationship between research policy and research performance in a long term perspective. The study takes its departure from six hypotheses formulated by DFiR related to research funding balances, excellence schemes, PhD education, governance structures and collaboration (international as well as cross sectoral). A cross-country comparison between Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden serves to examine the links between such policy changes and aggregated academic impact in different national settings. By providing an improved understanding of the foundation for sustained high systemic research performance across countries the study thus aims to strengthen the foundation for future research policy decisions.
Århus Universitet: Beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2015 - Rapport for ph.d.-dimittender
Authors: Lauridsen Per Stig , Krogh Graversen Ebbe
Published: February 2025

Denne rapport indeholder resultaterne af Aarhus Universitets beskæftigelsesundersøgelse 2015 for færdiguddannede ph.d.er. Undersøgelsen omfatter to årgange af ph.d.-dimittender fra Aarhus Universitet (AU): de ph.d.er, der afsluttede deres ph.d.-uddannelse mellem 1. april 2010 og 31. marts 2011, og de ph.d.er, der afsluttede deres ph.d.-uddannelse mellem 1. april 2014 og 31. marts 2015.
I rapporten redegøres der for den overordnede beskæftigelsessituation pr. 1. oktober 2015, og der gives en nærmere karakteristik af beskæftigelsen i forhold til bl.a. sektorer, brancher og geografisk spredning samt en beskrivelse af overgangen fra endt ph.d.-uddannelse til arbejdsmarked.
Impact af danske ph.d.-afhandlinger inden for sundhed 2003, 2010 og 2014.
Authors: Bloch Carter Walter , Andersen Jens Peter
Published: February 2025

Denne rapport er et pilotstudie foretaget ifm. Forskningsministeriets analyse af Ph.D. uddannelsen.
Nærværende analyse skal belyse kvalitetsaspekter af sundhedsvidenskabelige ph.d.- afhandlinger. Konkret skal det ske i form af identifikation af de afhandlinger, der er baseret på artikler trykt i videnskabelige tidsskifter. I analysen identificeres netop de videnskabelige tidsskriftsartikler, der danner grundlaget for de udvalgte sundhedsvidenskabelige ph.d.- afhandlinger. Koblingen mellem afhandling og tidsskriftsartikel muliggør via bibliometriske indikatorer, at belyse ph.d.-afhandlingernes forskningsmæssige impact, dvs. i hvor høj grad de anvendes i videre forskning og dermed bidrager til skabelsen af ny viden. I nærværende rapport måles dette, via henvisninger i andre forskeres publikationer, som antal citationer normaliseret i forhold til gennemsnittet for det pågældende fagområde. Denne form for impact kan betragtes som et væsentligt aspekt af forskningens kvalitet (Gläser & Laudel, 2007), om end disse begreber ikke kan sidestilles. Denne del af undersøgelsen (analyse af artiklers citationsimpact) gentages for to forskellige opgørelsesår, hvormed det er muligt at belyse en evt. udvikling over tid. I nærværende rapport sammenlignes danske, sundhedsvidenskabelige ph.d.-afhandlinger fra årene 2003, 2010 og 2014. Formålet er at undersøge, om der er forskelle imellem afhandlinger fra 2003, dvs. inden stigninger i ph.d.-optaget, og afhandlinger fra hhv. 2010 og 2014. Året 2010 er valgt, da det giver mulighed for at analysere den efterfølgende citationsimpact af artikler fra afhandlingerne. Året 2014 er medtaget som yderligere gruppe for at kunne undersøge publiceringsomfanget for de seneste ph.d.-afhandlinger. Det er dog ikke muligt at måle citationer for ph.d.-afhandlinger fra 2014
Notat om datakvaliteten i den bibliometriske forskningsindikator for 2015-data.
Authors: Schneider Jesper Wiborg , Pedersen Pernille Bak
Published: February 2025

Dette notat er udarbejdet for Styrelsen for Forskning og Innovation. Formålet med notatet er at undersøge datakvaliteten i den bibliometriske forskningsindikator for bidrag høstet i 2015. Notatet er en opfølgning på undersøgelser af BFI-bidrag høstet i 2010 (Schneider, 2011) og 2013 (Mouritzen, Schneider og Pedersen, 2016). Undersøgelserne peger på, at datakvaliteten for henholdsvis bidrag høstet i 2010 og 2013 ikke er tilstrækkelig tilfredsstillende (Schneider, 2012; Mouritzen, Schneider og Pedersen, 2016). Som opfølgning på de nævnte undersøgelser, ønsker vi i dette notat at efterprøve, om datakvaliteten – i særdeleshed danske publiceringskanaler – er forbedret.
Fængselspraxis.
Authors: Petersen R. , Jensen  , Soelberg Peter
Published: February 2025

Fangernes korrespondance I., II., III.
Fangernes modtagelse.
Angående utsträckt tillämpning af straffarbetes verkställande i enrum.
Authors: Montgomery A.
Published: February 2025

Lag angående straffarbetes och fängelsestraffs verkställande i enrum; gifven Stockholms slott den 29 juli 1892.
Have fangerne ret til betaling for deres arbejde?
Authors: Ammitzbøll F.
Published: February 2025

Æmne 4 i sektion II på fængselskongressen i Paris 1895.
Er der anledning til i kvindefængslerne at anvende særlige reglementer, som kan være forskellige fra dem i mandsfængslerne, også for hvad der vedrører arbejdet, disciplinen og føden?
Authors: Stuckenberg Fr.
Published: February 2025

Æmne 2 i section II på den internationale fængselskongres i Paris 1895.
Hvilke bestemte handlinger må anses for at bestemme lovovertrædelsen løsgængeri og hvilke tiggeri?
Authors: Nanke Charles
Published: February 2025

Æmne 6 i sektion I på fængselskongressen i Paris 1895.
Fr. Stuckenberg: Fængselsvæsenet i Danmark 1742-1839. En historisk skildring.
Authors: Olrik Eyvind
Published: February 2025

Boganmeldelse
DE CENTRALE STRAFANSTALTER I NORDEN VED AAR 1900.
Authors: Redaktionen
Published: February 2025

Tukthuset i Helsingfors.
Forarbejder til den nye danske Straffelov.
Authors: Goll Aug.
Published: February 2025

Foredrag holdt i Psykiatrisk Forening den 31.  Januar 1924.
Danmark. Svindel i Forretningsforhold.
Authors: Olrik Eyvind
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Fængselsvæsen.
Authors: Fussing Thorkil , Nissen Hartvig , Almquist Viktor , Sandell N.
Published: February 2025

Meddelelser fra Danmark, Norge og Sverige ang. året 1912.
Derudover "Statistiska uppgifter rörande Sveriges fångvård år 1911."
/SS
Fra fængsels- og tvangsarbeidsvæsenet i Norge.
Authors: Nissen Hartvig
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Mindre Meddelelser
Authors: NTfS
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Nogen bemerkninger om den saakaldte privat-publike paatale av lovovertrædelser.
Authors: Thrap Segelke
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Mindre Meddelelser.
Authors: O. E.
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Konkurrensspörsmålen i det föreliggande svenska straff lagsutkastet.
Authors: Stjernberg Nils
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Förslag till ny lag angående villkorlig straffdom och ändringar i lagen angående villkorlig frigifning.
Authors: Almquist Viktor
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Forarbejder til den nye danske Straffelov.
Authors: Haack Olaf
Published: February 2025

Intet resumé
Bouillante dans les années 1960 : une situation économique et sociale difficile
Authors: Lafleur Gérard
Published: February 2025

Dans les années 1960, Bouillante est dans une situation économique et sociale difficile.

La situation économique qui prévalait jusqu’à la Seconde guerre mondiale, basée sur la production de café et la petite propriété s’était effondrée devant la concurrence internationale. La production de vivres et de rhum était moribonde.

Au niveau social, les familles nombreuses du fait de la transition démographique fournissaient une main-d’oeuvre qui trouvaient à s’employer dans les exploitations bananières des environs de Basse-Terre et commençait à s’expatrier en direction de la Métropole. Les écoles étaient insuffisantes pour recevoir tous les enfants dans des conditions normales.

La voirie, était l’héritière de son sous-développement qui dura jusqu’à la première moitié du XXe siècle et il n’existait aucun système de santé.

Les années 1960, sous la direction de son maire, Raymond Guilliod, préparaient l’ouverture de la commune sur le reste de la Guadeloupe, ouverture qui sera effective dans la décennie suivante.
Movimientos feministas brasileños: de la acción internacional a la Asamblea Constituyente brasileña de 1986-1987
Authors: Becker Aguiar Ana Laura , Batista Berner Vanessa Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Este artículo examina cómo el feminismo transnacional y las Conferencias Mundiales sobre las Mujeres de la ONU, iniciadas en 1975, fortalecieron el movimiento feminista en Brasil, logrando la inclusión del 85% de las demandas de las mujeres en la Constitución de 1988. Analiza cómo el feminismo ganó impulso durante el final de la dictadura cívico-militar (1964-1985) y el proceso de redemocratización, destacando el papel crucial de estas conferencias en la institucionalización del feminismo dentro del Estado brasileño. Esto llevó a la creación del Consejo Nacional de los Derechos de la Mujer (CNDM) en 1985, fundamental para la participación de las mujeres en el proceso constituyente. El artículo detalla cómo la militancia a través del “Lobby do Batom” (Lobby de Pintalabios) y el CNDM logró incluir importantes disposiciones de igualdad de género en la Constitución. Subraya el impacto del feminismo transnacional y la institucionalización en el avance de la equidad de género y los derechos de las mujeres en Brasil.
Reparación socioambiental y derechos de la naturaleza: un enfoque decolonial sobre la minería en Brasil a partir del desastre socioambiental de Braskem en Maceió
Authors: Junqueira de Moraes Matheus Henrique , Balmant Emerique Lilian Márcia , Aló Cardoso Ribeiro Ilana
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza el papel de la empresa, el Estado y la participación social en la búsqueda de reparación de los daños socioambientales relacionados con el desempeño de la minería de Braskem en Maceió, para defender, desde allí, un nuevo enfoque sobre la actividad minera en Brasil. Así, se realiza un estudio de caso basado en una metodología cualitativa de enfoque inductivo, combinando métodos de investigación documental y bibliográfica. Se argumenta, desde un punto de vista constitucional y decolonial, que la inclusión de los derechos de la naturaleza en el ordenamiento jurídico puede fortalecer los instrumentos de protección ambiental y garantizar una mayor rendición de cuentas de las empresas y del Estado por la preservación de los ecosistemas, además de abrir espacio para una relación más equilibrada y respetuosa entre los seres humanos y el medio ambiente.
An emaciated horse in the painting "A Hundred Horses" by Giuseppe Castiglione: the image and meaning of a thin animal in traditional Chinese culture
Authors: Du Juan
Published: February 2025

The object of the study is the image of an emaciated horse in Chinese culture. It represents a real artistic phenomenon, serving as a reflection of the self-perception of authors who are faced with a sense of alienation and injustice, isolation from society, and the inability to get help. The subject is the image of thin horses in the painting by the Italian Catholic artist Giuseppe Castiglione, who arrived in China for missionary work. His stay in China coincided with a period of strong rejection of Catholicism in the country. The article pays special attention to the use of the image of a skinny horse as a metaphor, a veiled way to convey the subjective perception of the situation at the Qing court. The emaciated animal is considered by the author both as a visual phenomenon enriching the variety of characters in the paintings, and as a reflection of philosophical reasoning about the relationship between man and society. Formal-stylistic and structural-semantic types of analysis became the leading research methods. With their help, the author studied the compositional structure, coloristic features and semantic aspects of the fragments of the painting analyzed in the article by Giuseppe Castiglione. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the small number of thematic publications in Russian art history. One can find scientific works on Chinese culture devoted either to the image of horses in general, or taking into account exclusively the work of Giuseppe Castiglione. Combining the analysis of the image of an exhausted horse as such and the analysis of the painting "A Hundred Horses", the author closed the gap in a highly specialized art criticism problem, arguing the theses put forward with biographical data about the artist and historical references. New information deepens knowledge about the cultural characteristics of the Chinese people and can serve as an aid for further research by art historians. The author comes to several conclusions. First, he discovers the specific philosophical significance of the image of an emaciated horse. Secondly, it notes its stability in various creative figures. Thirdly, he reveals the peculiarities of the fate of Giuseppe Castiglione using the example of "Hundreds of Horses".
Argumentos políticos a examen: el uso de falacias en el discurso parlamentario español
Authors: Nieto Javier Jaspe
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study aims to analyze how fallacies are used in political discourse to manipulate public opinion, focusing on a parliamentary investiture debate in Spain. It seeks to identify the types of fallacies employed and evaluate their impact on the quality of the debate and social cohesion.
Design/Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted using content analysis techniques. The discourse of two parliamentary leaders during an investiture debate was examined. The software ATLAS.ti was used to code and classify the interventions according to their argumentative validity.
Results: A total of 17 fallacies were identified across 30 interventions, highlighting a balanced use of fallacious strategies by both speakers. Ad hominem and “straw man” fallacies were the most frequently employed, used to discredit opponents and oversimplify complex issues. A recurring use of appeals to the majority (ad populum) was also observed, aimed at legitimising political positions. These tactics reveal a trend towards the emotional manipulation of the audience, to the detriment of rational argumentation.
Originality/Contribution: The study highlights the prevalence of fallacies in contemporary parliamentary discourse, as well as their role in social polarization and the distortion of political debate. The research emphasizes the importance of a critical analysis of political language to understand how truth is manipulated in democratic contexts, contributing to the debate on the quality and legitimacy of current political communication.
Effect of Photovoice on Teaching Research to Counseling Students at Hispanic-serving Institution
Authors: Han Eunae
Published: February 2025

The current study examined the photovoice project’s effectiveness in teaching research to counselors-in-training at a Hispanic-serving institution. Analysis of 36 pre- and post-survey responses via paired sample t-tests revealed reduced research anxiety and enhanced self-efficacy in research conceptualization, implementation, and presentation. Specific implications for counselor educators and researchers are discussed.
Prophage-encoded Hm-oscar gene recapitulates Wolbachia-induced male killing in the tea tortrix moth Homona magnanima
Authors: Arai Hiroshi , Katsuma Susumu , Matsuda-Imai Noriko , Lin Shiou-Ruei , Inoue Maki N , Kageyama Daisuke
Published: February 2025

Wolbachia
are maternally transmitted bacterial symbionts that are ubiquitous among arthropods. They can hijack host reproduction in various ways, including male killing (MK), where the sons of infected mothers are killed during development. The recent discovery of MK-associated
Wolbachia
genes, i.e.,
oscar
in
Ostrinia
moths and
wmk
in
Drosophila
flies, stimulates our interest in the diversity and commonality of MK mechanisms, which remain largely unclear. We recently discovered that a
Wolbachia
symbiont of the moth
Homona magnanima
carries an MK-associated prophage region encoding homologs of
oscar
(
Hm-oscar
) and
wmk
(
wmk-
1–4). Here, we investigated the effects of these genes in the native host. Upon transient overexpression,
Hm-oscar
, but not
wmk
, induced male lethality in
H. magnanima
, in contrast to our observations in
Drosophila
, where the
wmk
homologs, but not
Hm-oscar
, killed the males.
Hm-oscar
disrupted sex determination in male embryos by inducing a female-type
doublesex
splicing and impaired dosage compensation, recapitulating the
Wolbachia
phenotype. Cell-based transfection assays confirmed that
Hm-oscar
suppressed the function of
masculinizer
, the primary male sex determinant involved in lepidopteran dosage compensation. Our study highlights the conserved roles of
oscar
homologs in
Wolbachia
-induced lepidopteran MK and argues that
Wolbachia
have evolved multiple MK mechanisms in insects.
Criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness
Authors: Fahrenfort Johannes J , Johnson Philippa A , Kloosterman Niels A , Stein Timo , van Gaal Simon
Published: February 2025

How consciousness arises from brain activity has been a topic of intense scientific research for decades. But how does one identify the neural basis of something that is intrinsically personal and subjective? A hallmark approach has been to ask observers to judge stimuli as ‘seen’ (conscious) and ‘unseen’ (unconscious) and use post hoc sorting of neural measurements based these judgments. Unfortunately, cognitive and response biases are known to strongly affect how observers place their criterion for judging stimuli as ‘seen’ vs. ‘unseen’, thereby confounding neural measures of consciousness. Surprisingly however, the effect of conservative and liberal criterion placement on neural measures of unconscious and conscious processing has never been explicitly investigated. Here we use simulations and electrophysiological brain measurements to show that conservative criterion placement has an unintuitive consequence: rather than selectively providing a cautious estimate of conscious processing, it inflates effect sizes in neural measures of both conscious and unconscious processing, while liberal criterion placement does the reverse. After showing this in simulation, we performed decoding analyses on two electroencephalography studies that employ common subjective indicators of conscious awareness, in which we experimentally manipulated the response criterion. The results confirm that the predicted confounding effects of criterion placement on neural measures of unconscious and conscious processing occur in empirical data, while further showing that the most widely used subjective scale, the Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS), does not guard against criterion confounds. Follow-up simulations explicate how the experimental context determines whether the relative confounding effect of criterion placement is larger in neural measures of either conscious or unconscious processing. We conclude that criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of conscious and unconscious processing.
Re-programming of GM-CSF-dependent alveolar macrophages through GSK3 activity modulation
Authors: Ríos Israel , Herrero Cristina , Torres-Torresano Mónica , López-Navarro Baltasar , Schiaffino María Teresa , Díaz-Crespo Francisco , Nieto-Valle Alicia , Samaniego Rafael , Sierra-Palomares Yolanda , Oliver Eduardo , Revuelta-Salgado Fernando , García-Luján Ricardo , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma , Delgado Rafael , Puig-Kröger Amaya , Corbí Ángel L
Published: February 2025

Monocyte-derived macrophages recruited into inflamed tissues can acquire an array of functional states depending on the extracellular environment. Since the anti-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic macrophage profile is determined by MAFB, whose activity/protein levels are regulated by GSK3, we addressed the macrophage re-programming potential of GSK3 modulation. GM-CSF-dependent (GM-MØ) and M-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ) exhibited distinct levels of inactive GSK3, and inhibiting GSK3 in GM-MØ led to acquisition of transcriptional, phenotypic and functional properties characteristic of M-MØ (enhanced expression of IL-10 and monocyte-recruiting factors, and higher efferocytosis). These re-programming effects were also observed upon GSK3α/β knockdown, and through GSK3 inhibition in
ex vivo
isolated human alveolar macrophages (AMØ). Notably, GSK3 downmodulation potentiated the transcriptional signature of Interstitial Macrophages (IMØ) while suppressed the AMØ-specific gene profile. Indeed, heightened levels of inactive GSK3 and MAFB-dependent proteins were observed in severe COVID-19 patients lung macrophages, highlighting the GSK3-MAFB axis as a therapeutic target for macrophage re-programming.
Mapping the topographic organization of the human zona incerta using diffusion MRI
Authors: Haast Roy AM , Kai Jason , Taha Alaa , Liu Violet , Gilmore Greydon , Guye Maxime , Khan Ali R , Lau Jonathan C
Published: February 2025

The zona incerta (ZI) is a deep brain region originally described by Auguste Forel as an “immensely confusing area about which nothing can be said.” Despite the elusive nature of this structure, mounting evidence supports the role of the ZI and surrounding regions across a diverse range of brain functions and as a candidate target for neuromodulatory therapies. Using
in vivo
diffusion MRI and data-driven connectivity, we identify a topographic organization between the ZI and neocortex. Specifically, our methods identify a rostral-caudal gradient predominantly connecting the frontopolar and ventral prefrontal cortices with the rostral ZI, and the primary sensorimotor cortices with the caudal ZI. Moreover, we demonstrate how clustering and gradient approaches build complementary evidence including facilitating the mapping of a central region of the ZI, connected with the dorsal prefrontal cortex. These results were shown to be replicable across multiple datasets and at the individual subject level, building evidence for the important role of the ZI in mediating frontal lobe-associated tasks, ranging from motor to cognitive to emotional control. Finally, we consider the impact of this topographic organization on the refinement of neuromodulatory targets. These results pave the way for an increasingly detailed understanding of ZI substructures, and considerations for
in vivo
targeting of the ZI for neuromodulation.
Blood pressure variability compromises vascular function in middle-aged mice
Authors: Mendiola Perenkita J , O’Herron Philip , Xie Kun , Brands Michael W , Bush Weston , Patterson Rachel E , Di Stefano Valeria , Filosa Jessica A
Published: February 2025

Blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a novel risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, independent of alterations in average blood pressure (BP). However, the underlying consequences of large BP fluctuations on the neurovascular complex are unknown. We developed a novel mouse model of BPV in middle-aged mice based on intermittent Angiotensin II infusions. Using radio telemetry, we demonstrated that the 24-hr BP averages of these mice were similar to controls, indicating BPV without hypertension. Chronic (20-25 days) BPV led to a blunted bradycardic response and cognitive deficits. Two-photon imaging of parenchymal arterioles showed enhanced pressure-evoked constrictions (myogenic response) in BPV mice. Sensory stimulus-evoked dilations (neurovascular coupling) were greater at higher BP levels in control mice, but this pressure-dependence was lost in BPV mice. Our findings support the notion that large BP variations impair vascular function at the neurovascular complex and contribute to cognitive decline.
Biophysically inspired mean-field model of neuronal populations driven by ion exchange mechanisms
Authors: Rabuffo Giovanni , Bandyopadhyay Abhirup , Calabrese Carmela , Gudibanda Kashyap , Depannemaecker Damien , Takarabe Lavinia Mitiko , Saggio Maria Luisa , Desroches Mathieu , Ivanov Anton , Linne Marja-Leena , Bernard Christophe , Petkoski Spase , Jirsa Viktor K
Published: February 2025

Whole-brain simulations are a valuable tool for gaining insight into the multiscale processes that regulate brain activity. Due to the complexity of the brain, it is impractical to include all microscopic details in a simulation. Hence, researchers often simulate the brain as a network of coupled neural masses, each described by a mean-field model. These models capture the essential features of neuronal populations while approximating most biophysical details. However, it may be important to include certain parameters that significantly impact brain function. The concentration of ions in the extracellular space is one key factor to consider, as its fluctuations can be associated with healthy and pathological brain states. In this paper, we develop a new mean-field model of a population of Hodgkin–Huxley-type neurons, retaining a microscopic perspective on the ion-exchange mechanisms driving neuronal activity. This allows us to maintain biophysical interpretability while bridging the gap between micro- and macro-scale mechanisms. Our model is able to reproduce a wide range of activity patterns, also observed in large neural network simulations. Specifically, slow-changing ion concentrations modulate the fast neuroelectric activity, a feature of our model that we validated through in vitro experiments. By studying how changes in extracellular ionic conditions can affect whole-brain dynamics, this model serves as a foundation to measure biomarkers of pathological activity and provide potential therapeutic targets in cases of brain dysfunctions like epilepsy.
How relevant is the prior? Bayesian causal inference for dynamic perception in volatile environments
Authors: Meijer David , Barumerli Roberto , Baumgartner Robert
Published: February 2025

Interpreting sensory prediction errors can be challenging in volatile environments because they can be caused by stochastic noise or by outdated predictions. Noisy signals should be integrated with prior beliefs to improve precision, but the two should be segregated when environmental changes render prior beliefs irrelevant. Bayesian causal inference provides a statistically optimal solution to deal with uncertainty about the causes of prediction errors. However, the method quickly becomes memory intensive and computationally intractable when applied sequentially.Here, we systematically evaluate the predictive performance of Bayesian causal inference for perceptual decisions in a spatial prediction task based on noisy audiovisual sequences with occasional changepoints. We elucidate the simplifying assumptions of a previously proposed reduced Bayesian observer model, and we compare it to an extensive set of models based on alternative simplification strategies.Model-free analyses revealed the hallmarks of Bayesian causal inference: participants seem to have integrated sensory evidence with prior beliefs to improve accuracy when prediction errors were small, but prior influence decreased gradually as prediction errors increased, signalling probable irrelevance of the priors due to changepoints. Model comparison results indicated that participants computed probability-weighted averages over the causal options (noise or changepoint), akin to the reduced Bayesian observer model. However, participants’ reliance on prior beliefs was systematically smaller than expected, and this was best explained by individually fitting lower-than-optimal parameters for the a-priori probability of prior relevance.We conclude that perceptual decision makers utilize priors flexibly to the extent that they are deemed relevant, though also conservatively with a lower tendency to bind than ideal observers. Simplified consecutive Bayesian causal inference predicts key characteristics of belief updating in changepoint environments and forms a suitable foundation for modelling dynamic perception in a changing world.
Impact of machine learning on dietary and exercise behaviors in type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic literature review
Authors: Mir Rizwan Riaz , Ul Haq Nazeef , Ishaq Kashif , Safie Nurhizam , Dogar Abdul Basit
Published: February 2025

Self-awareness and self-management in diabetes are critical as they enhance patient well-being, decrease financial burden, and alleviate strain on healthcare systems by mitigating complications and promoting healthier life expectancy. Incomplete understanding persists regarding the synergistic effects of diet and exercise on diabetes management, as existing research often isolates these factors, creating a knowledge gap in comprehending their combined influence. Current diabetes research overlooks the interplay between diet and exercise in self-management. A holistic study is crucial to mitigate complications and healthcare burdens effectively. Multi-dimensional research questions covering complete diabetic management such as publication channels for diabetic research, existing machine learning solutions, physical activity tacking existing methods, and diabetic-associated datasets are included in this research. In this study, using a proper research protocol primary research articles related to diet, exercise, datasets, and blood analysis are selected and their quality is assessed for diabetic management. This study interrelates two major dimensions of diabetes management together that are diet and exercise.
Genotypic Identification of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Salmonella spp. Associated with Meat and Lettuce and Sales Practices that Contribute to Contamination of These Foods in Bobo Dioulasso
Authors: Somda Namwin Siourimè , Flibert Guira , Hien Domonbabele François de Sales , Tankoano Abel , Adesoji Tomiwa Olumide , Bayili G Romaric , Konfé/Kanwé Eugenie Mamounata , Roamba Amadou , Kaboré Donatien , Bonkoungou Ouindgueta Juste Isidore , Savadogo Aly , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Food contamination is often linked to diverse factors such as poor food preservation, culinary techniques, and the handling of products during marketing. These factors could facilitate the spread of bacteria which are among the primary causes of food borne infections in both developing and industrialized countries adding to public health burden.  This study aims to highlight the epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella strains in lettuce and charcuterie as well as to investigate sales practice that could aid food contamination.
Methods: The study was conducted at Bobo-Dioulasso from April to December 2021. A survey was carried out among 30 randomly selected lettuce sellers in 5 markets and 30 randomly selected charcuterie workers in 3 selected supermarkets. A total of 162 samples (90 lettuce and 72 charcuterie) were collected and screened for the presence of Salmonella using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on the obtained Salmonella isolates using the Kirby – Bauer disk diffusion technique. Specific primers were used for the detection of the class 1 integrons, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes by PCR.
Results: The quality of water used for keeping the lettuce fresh (wetting) and sellers’ hygiene were significantly associated with lettuce contamination (=14.21, P<0.001). For charcuteries, 66.7% and 33.3% of the structures surveyed use refrigerated trucks and vans for transportation, respectively. Salmonella was isolated from 12.35% (20/162) of the samples, i.e., 13.33% (12/90) of the lettuce samples and 11.11% (8/72) of the charcuterie samples (χ2 = 9.485; p < 0.005). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the isolates were resistant to colistin while 70% (14/20) and 60% (12/20) were resistant to cephalothin and ampicillin, respectively. The int1, parE, parC, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM genes were detected among 70%, 65%, 60%, 45% and 40% of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that seller’s practice including handling and quality of water for wetting could significantly increase the risk of contamination on ready to eat vegetables including the presence of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella sp carrying various antibiotic resistance determinants which could pose public health risk. There is a need of sensitization and training for these sellers as the issue is a national public health problem.
Status of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soils of Navsari District of South Gujarat, India
Authors: Singh Narendra , Tripathi Sonal , Chaudhari D. M. , V. A. Patel , Patel Bhavesh B. , Naik Jaimin R.
Published: February 2025

To study the nitrogen fraction under different cropping and management system, the present investigation was carried out at NAU, Navsari (Gujarat) during year 2022-2023. From each taluka of Navsari district, ten soil samples were collected randomly from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth by using different cropping and management systems by GIS base grid sampling method. Soil samples were subjected to preliminary analysis for pH, EC, SOC and then analysis of different N-fractions was carried out. Nitrogen is one of the main limiting factors of crop productivity and many studies have sought possibilities to reduce the need for N application and extend the period of availability to plants. Organic N forms constitute up to 90% of the total N in the plow layer of mineralsoils and only about 1–4% is mineralized as plant- available N (NH4–N and NO3–N). Plant-available N released from soil organic N (SON) or applied in fertilizer is highly susceptible to loss from the soil– plant system through leaching and denitrification. The overall distribution of avail. N, NO3-N, NH4-N and total N in Navsari district was ranged from 72.80 to 375.20 mg kg-1, 5.60 to 92.40 mg kg-1, 30.80 to 114.80 mg kg-1 and 140.00 to 1036.00 mg kg-1, respectively for surface soils while, 61.60 to 364.00 mg kg-1, 8.40 to 72.80 mg kg-1, 25.20 to 100.80 mg kg-1 and 140.00 to 924.00 mg kg-1 for sub-surface soils, respectively. At surface layer, total N was correlated significantly and positively with SOC, CEC and it was negatively correlated with pH and EC. However, total N showed similar correlation with SOC and EC at sub-surface layer. NH4-N and NO3-N were positively and significantly correlated with each other at the same depth. The result also revealed that the N fractions were significantly decreased with increasing depth of soil. Overall, our findings suggest that vegetation restoration improved the soil N availability.
Verwässerungsschutz bei der Ausgabe von Wandelschuldverschreibungen
Authors: Linnartz Johannes , Walka Florian
Published: February 2025

Im Kontext des ZuFinG hat der Gesetzgeber einen Paradigmenwechsel im Beschlussmängelrecht vollzogen. Beschließt die Hauptversammlung eine bezugsrechtslose Kapitalerhöhung und wird dabei der auf eine Aktie entfallende Wert unangemessen niedrig festgesetzt, sind Aktionäre fortan auf das Spruchverfahren verwiesen, in dem sie einen Ausgleichsanspruch gegen die Gesellschaft geltend machen können; eine Anfechtung des Kapitalerhöhungsbeschlusses ist dagegen ausgeschlossen. Zunehmend reift die Erkenntnis, dass der Gesetzgeber die Auswirkungen seines Paradigmenwechsels auf das bedingte Kapital zwecks Ausgabe von Wandelschuldverschreibungen nicht im Blick hatte. Die Konsequenz: Das Ausgleichsregime scheint inkompatibel. Auf die Frage, ob dennoch ein Ausgleichsanspruch bezugsrechtsloser Aktionäre anzunehmen ist oder aber - in der Tradition des alten Rechts - am Anfechtungsrecht festgehalten werden sollte, ist allein die dritte Antwortmöglichkeit überzeugend: weder noch.
Annular Erythematous Plaques With Overlying Blisters in a Cluster of Jewels Pattern
Authors: López Sanz Pablo , Rodríguez de Vera Guardiola Carlota , Escario Travesedo Eduardo
Published: January 2024

A woman in her 80s presented with erythematous, nondesquamative, annular plaques in a cluster of jewels pattern on her wrists and legs. What is your diagnosis?
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Black Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Wix Sophia N. , Brown Ariel B. , Heberton Meghan , Adamson Adewole S. , Gill Jennifer G.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Melanoma in Black individuals has an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 100 000 people. Most studies of melanoma in Black patients have used population databases, which lack important, precise clinical details.

Objective

To identify patient-level and tumor-level characteristics of melanoma in Black patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series included Black patients with melanoma at 2 tertiary care centers (University of Texas Southwestern [UTSW] Medical Center and Parkland Health), affiliated with a single institution, UTSW in Dallas, Texas. Self-reported Black patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma were identified between January 2006 and October 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main variables were demographics, clinical characteristics, personal and family medical history, immunosuppression history, comorbidities, histopathology reports, molecular/genetic studies, imaging reports, melanoma treatments and responses, time to progression, metastatic sites, and survival rates.

Results

A total of 48 Black patients with melanoma (median [range] age at diagnosis, 62 [23-86] years; 30 [63%] female) were included in the study. Of 40 primary cutaneous melanomas, 30 (75%) were located on acral skin, despite only 10 of 30 (33%) being histologically classified as acral lentiginous melanomas. Compared with those with acral disease, patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas were more likely to be immunocompromised (4 of 10 [40%] vs 2 of 30 [7%]) or have a personal history of cancer (6 of 10 [60%] vs 5 of 30 [17%]), with all 3 patients with superficial spreading melanoma having a history of both. No patients had more than 1 confirmed primary melanoma. Overall, 13 Black patients (27%) with melanoma developed stage IV disease, of whom 12 died because of disease progression. Those diagnosed with advanced acral melanoma, mucosal/ocular melanoma, or melanoma of unknown primary lacked actionable sequence variations, were nonresponsive to immunotherapy, and had the poorest outcomes. No patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas developed distant metastases or died of melanoma.

Conclusions and Relevance

This single-institution case series highlights several features of melanoma in Black patients that have not been captured in existing population-level registries, including precise anatomic sites, immune status, family and personal cancer history, and genetics. Multi-institutional registries would improve understanding of melanoma in Black patients.
Physician Perspectives on Addressing Anti-Black Racism
Authors: Brown Crystal E. , Marshall Arisa R. , Cueva Kristine L. , Snyder Cyndy R. , Kross Erin K. , Young Bessie A.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Uncertainty remains among clinicians regarding processes to address and resolve conflict around anti-Black racism.

Objective

To elicit clinicians’ perceptions of their role in addressing concerns about anti-Black racism among Black patients with serious illness as well as their families.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this qualitative study, one-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 physicians at an academic county hospital between August 1 and October 31, 2022. Participants were provided clinical scenarios where anti-Black racism was a concern of a patient with serious illness. Participants were asked open-ended questions about initial impressions, prior similar experiences, potential strategies to address patients’ concerns, and additional resources to support these conversations. A framework based on restorative justice was used to guide qualitative analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Perspectives on addressing anti-Black racism as described by physicians.

Results

A total of 21 medical subspecialists (mean [SD] age, 44.2 [7.8] years) participated in the study. Most physicians were women (14 [66.7%]), 4 were Asian (19.0%), 3 were Black (14.3%), and 14 were White (66.7%). Participants identified practices that are normalized in clinical settings that may perpetuate and exacerbate perceptions of anti-Black racism. Using provided scenarios and personal experiences, participants were able to describe how Black patients are harmed as a result of these practices. Last, participants identified strategies and resources for addressing Black patients’ concerns and facilitating conflict resolution, but they stopped short of promoting personal or team accountability for anti-Black racism.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this qualitative study, physicians identified resources, skills, and processes that partially aligned with a restorative justice framework to address anti-Black racism and facilitate conflict resolution, but did not provide steps for actualizing accountability. Restorative justice and similar processes may provide space within a mediated setting for clinicians to repair harm, provide accountability, and facilitate racial healing.