bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A educação em Direitos Humanos e os oficiais judiciários
Authors: Guimarães Braga Esdras
Published: January 2024

Este artigo propõe verificar as perspectivas dialógicas entre a Educação em Direitos Humanos e a formação continuada da especialidade profissional dos Oficiais Judiciários - Comissários da Infância e da Juventude, na dimensão da Escola Judicial Desembargador Edésio Fernandes. Vincula-se à linha de pesquisa e eixo de atuação da educação dos profissionais dos sistemas de justiça e segurança, previsto no Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, fundamentada na teoria e método da educação popular, progressista e libertadora de Paulo Freire e na concepção histórica, democrática e positivista dos direitos humanos de Norberto Bobbio. Conclui que a Educação em Direitos Humanos e os Oficiais Judiciários - Comissários da Infância e da Juventude constituem um tema cujos conteúdos compõem a mesma base material, histórica e institucional de formação dos mecanismos protetivos dos direitos humanos e de promoção da democracia e justiça social.
A extensão na defesa e na promoção dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: De Oliveira Abraão Michelle , Pereira dos Santos Coelho Isabel Cristina , Barreto Almada Rafael
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta o relato de experiência extensionista do Campus Niterói do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro de aproximar estudantes do 9º ano ao campus, dado o baixo índice de entrada de estudantes de escolas públicas, sob a ótica da educação em e para os direitos humanos. Por meio deste relato, pretende-se demonstrar como a extensão pode contribuir para a democratização do acesso e permanência à educação, para inclusão de grupos sociais historicamente marginalizados. Em termos mais específicos, metodologicamente por intermédio da revisão narrativa da literatura, conceitua a extensão, levanta as dimensões que a impulsionam para construir e popularizar o conhecimento e, daí em diante, transformar a sociedade a partir dos seus interesses sociais e coletivos. Com base na experiência, pode-se afirmar que a extensão é um instrumento potente e eficaz na defesa e na promoção da inclusão social de populações marginalizadas historicamente.
As correntes do trabalho doméstico no Brasil
Authors: Moreira Menezes Amanda , de Araújo Bugai Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Esse artigo objetiva investigar o trabalho doméstico de mulheres no Brasil e a herança histórica de exploração, tendo em vista que hoje mais da metade dessas funções são exercidas por mulheres negras de baixa escolaridade. A pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, se divide em três partes que abordam a legislação sobre o tema em contraste à incidência de casos reais de submissão de mulheres à condição análoga a escravas e à quantidade de trabalhadoras informais, o que alerta para a ausência de políticas públicas eficientes para equidade laboral. Debate-se sobre gênero, raça e classe, utilizando-se dados comparativos que demonstram a demarcação do tratamento desigual no mercado, sob a falsa premissa da democracia racial que seleciona corpos e produz relações de neoescravidão. A conclusão é de que o tratamento ilegal conferido hoje às mulheres empregadas domésticas respalda-se nas raízes escravagistas do país e na perpetuação das disparidades sociais.
Reflexões sobre um caso de injustiça social
Authors: Lima Caio Antonio de
Published: January 2024

O artigo se vale de um caso de opressão à criança autista veiculado pelas mídias jornalísticas locais para o desenvolvimento de uma reflexão crítica voltada às condições reais de produção e perpetuação da injustiça social na estrutura educacional para com a diversidade, com enfoque nas alteridades que constituem as pessoas com deficiência. Como embasamento teórico, utiliza-se autores que se valem da Teoria Crítica do Direito e de perspectivas inclusivas da educação, como forma de demonstrar que a educação e a normatividade, em suas configurações atuais, regulam a sociedade para demarcar individualidades de maneira pouco equitativa, em lógica meritocrática e assistencialista. Em dimensão propositiva, discorre-se sobre as possibilidades de efetivação da educação inclusiva admitindo a criticidade da lei e as relações de formação continuada dos profissionais da escola.
Um por todos, todos por um
Authors: Roque da Silva Mateus
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo busca discutir, a partir das formulações de Lynn Hunt, em sua obra A invenção dos Direitos Humanos: uma história (2009), como as obras de arte, em geral, e a literatura, em específico, foram fundamentais no desenvolvimento e na assimilação do conceito de igualdade ao longo dos séculos XVIII e XIX, compreendendo-o aqui enquanto elemento essencial para a efetivação e difusão dos Direitos Humanos no ocidente. Para tanto, a partir das produções de autores como Jean Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Aton Tchekhov, entre outros, analisaremos o contexto histórico-literário supracitado, marcado por importantes revoluções burguesas, ocorridas nos Estados Unidos (1776) e na França (1789), a fim de se compreender os impactos das letras na disseminação e assimilação da empatia e, por conseguinte, nas mudanças sócio-políticas da modernidade.
Educação popular para o fortalecimento da defesa de Direitos Humanos dos(as) moradores(as) de Piquiá de Baixo/MA
Authors: Moreira Lira Marcos , Sousa Silva Albuquerque Silvia , Ricardo Silva Sousa Fausto , César Vieira da Cruz Júlio
Published: January 2024

O artigo surgiu a partir de um projeto já concluído, desenvolvido através da perspectiva da formação dos discentes de pedagogia da UEMASUL de Açailândia – MA, com base no quadrúplice ensino, pesquisa, extensão e permanência, com foco na relação entres os discentes e suas realidades, enfrentando as situações-problemas-desafios e colaborando para a construção e reconstrução da realidade social da comunidade do Piquiá de Baixo (MA), visando o sentido de fortalecer a comunidade e colaborar na melhoria de qualidade de vida e defesa dos direitos humanos. O objetivo geral é promover uma formação docente com base na Educação Popular e Direitos Humanos, de modo que, esteja relacionado à realidade do Território de Piquiá de Baixo. A metodologia é pesquisa-ação e pesquisa qualitativa, partindo dos instrumentos para geração de dados: diário de campo, plano de atividades, relatório de campo, fotografias, observação, vídeos, gravações, entrevistas diretivas e não diretivas. Tendo como categorias de pesquisa a Educação Popular, Direitos Humanos e Práticas Educativas. Diante disso, as atividades em Educação Popular e Direitos Humanos, trouxe para a comunidade uma maior visibilidade, promovendo um compromisso social, ético e político, da Universidade para com a Comunidade Externa, contribuindo para o fortalecimento da luta pela defesa do meio ambiente e na garantia e defesa de Direitos.
O despertar da consciência cidadã planetária a partir da educação ambiental
Authors: Ferreira Patricia Fortes Attademo , Munhoz André Ricardo Antonovicz
Published: January 2024

A investigação volta-se ao debate da educação ambiental como um espaço privilegiado para a difusão da perspectiva do meio ambiente como uma dimensão unitária, em contraposição à ideia socialmente normalizada da existência de uma fissura entre o elemento humano e o natural. Tem-se como questão norteadora, a carência de autoidentificação do homem como um dos elementos próprios e constituintes da natureza. Esse fato desencadearia o sentimento de não pertencimento do ser humano ao meio ambiente, obstaculizando o surgimento de uma cultura de solidariedade participativa, pensada também como dever ético de autocuidado. Metodologicamente, o trabalho se trata de um ensaio teórico, de caráter qualitativo, produzido a partir de referencial bibliográfico. Desse modo, apresentada como espaço multidisciplinar qualificado para a conscientização do pensamento de indissociabilidade do homem em relação à natureza, constata-se servir a educação ambiental como um instrumento apto a ressaltar a imprescindibilidade do tratamento imbricado da questão ambiental com os direitos humanos sob a pauta ética da solidariedade.
The impact of the medical school admissions interview: a systematic review
Authors: Lin John C , Shin Christopher , Greenberg Paul B
Published: January 2024

Background: Interviews are considered an important part of the medical school admissions process but have been critiqued based on bias and reliability concerns since the 1950s. To determine the impact of the interview, this systematic review investigated the characteristics and outcomes of medical students admitted with and without interviews.
Methods: We searched four literature databases from inception through August 2022; all studies comparing medical students admitted with and without interviews were included. We excluded studies from outside the medical school setting and non-research reports. We reviewed interview type, study design, quality, and outcomes.
Results: Eight studies from five institutions across five countries were included. Six reported no demographic differences between students admitted with and without interviews; one found that more men were admitted without than with semi-structured interviews, and both cohorts had similar academic and clinical performance. Structured interviews admitted students who scored higher on clinical exams and social competence and lower on academic exams. Cohorts admitted with and without structured interviews had similar mental health issues by their final year of medical school.
Discussion: This review suggests that students admitted with and without unstructured and semi-structured interviews were similar demographically, academically, and clinically. Moreover, structured interviews selected more socially competent students who performed better clinically but worse academically. Further research is needed to determine the impact of the selection interview in medical school admissions.
Insights into Viral Zoonotic Diseases: COVID-19 and Monkeypox
Authors: Sachdev Alysha Kaur , Letchumanan Vengadesh
Published: January 2024

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 and the sporadic occurrences of monkeypox virus infections have presented substantial hurdles to global healthcare. The appearance of these viruses underscores the persistent menace of infectious diseases. Despite notable strides in medical breakthroughs, encompassing the discovery of novel therapeutics, vaccine advancements, and contemporary surveillance approaches, viral outbreaks persist, leading to millions of infections and fatalities. The consecutive nature of these outbreaks compels us to reassess the depth of our comprehension regarding how viruses transmit, their pathogenicity, and their remarkable adaptability, enabling swift survival. This sequence of events also prompts us to scrutinize the effectiveness of existing therapeutic options, the progress of vaccines, and monitoring procedures within the healthcare sector. This review aims to provide an overview of COVID-19 and monkeypox, delving into their pathogenicity, clinical features, treatment modalities, and challenges.
The Phonetic Realization of Obstruent Clusters in Najdi Arabic: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Alsabhan Rana , Setter Jane
Published: January 2024

This study provides an acoustic analysis of the realization of the surface word-initial obstruent clusters that resulted from the deletion of short vowels in Najdi Arabic. While past studies discussed the syllable structure of Najdi Arabic and affirmed the permissibility of initial consonant clusters, most of these studies lack acoustic analyses that attest the occurrence of initial consonant clusters and left much uncertainty about the allowed and disallowed segments in the clusters. The aim of the present research is to address this gap in the literature by conducting an acoustic analysis that examined the types and patterns of the allowed obstruent clusters in the Najdi Arabic dialect. Two methods were implemented to collect the data: informal interview and a reading task. The stimuli represented the four types of obstruent clusters: fricative-fricative, fricative-plosive, plosive-fricative, and plosive-plosive. Fourteen native Najdi Arabic speakers (7 males, 7 females) were recruited. The findings of this study affirm the presence of the four types of the obstruent clusters and provide a description of their patterns in Najdi Arabic. This finding enhances our understanding of the phonology of Najdi Arabic and contributes to the wide-ranging context of Arabic dialectology with regards to phonotactics and syllable structure.
Droplet-based bioprinting for fabrication of tumor spheroids
Authors: Liu Congying , Chen Yuhe , Chen Huawei , Zhang Pengfei
Published: January 2024

Cancer is now one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and the cancer treatment development is still slow due to the lack of efficient in vitro tumor models for studying tumorigenesis and facilitating drug development. Multicellular tumor spheroids can recapitulate the critical properties of tumors in vivo, including spatial organization, physiological responses, and metabolism, and are considered powerful platform for disease study and drug screening. Although several spheroid fabrication methods have been developed, most of them result in uncontrolled cell aggregations, yielding spheroids of variable size and function. Droplet-based bioprinting is capable of depositing cells in spatiotemporal manner so as to control the composition and distribution of printed biological constructs, thereby facilitating high-throughput fabrication of complicated and reproducible tumor spheroids. In this review, we introduce the progress of droplet-based bioprinting technology for the fabrication of tumor spheroids. First, different droplet-based bioprinting technologies are compared in terms of their strengths and shortcomings, which should be taken into account while fabricating tumor spheroids. Second, the latest advances in modeling distinct types of cancers and the enabled applications with tumor spheroids are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potentials revolving around the advances of bioprinting technology, improvement of spheroid quality, and integration of different technologies.
Research progress of 3D-bioprinted functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models
Authors: Wu Liusheng , Li Huansong , Liu Yangsui , Fan Zhengyang , Xu Jingyi , Li Ning , Qian Xinye , Lin Zewei , Li Xiaoqiang , Yan Jun
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, the research revolving around in vitro functional pancreas and tumor models has become the focus of attention in the field of life sciences. This review aims to summarize and deeply discuss the research progress and prospects of 3D-bioprinted functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models. The efforts in improving 3D printing technology to increase its accuracy and reliability in the biomedical applications have been ramped up over the past few years. Researchers are now able to create highly complex 3D structures through precise layering of biological materials at the micron scale. For instance, a functional pancreas can be printed in vitro by combining cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. The introduction of new technologies allows researchers to more accurately simulate the growth and spread of tumors, providing a more realistic platform for cancer treatment research. This not only helps accelerate the process of drug screening, but also lays the foundation for personalized medicine. As multiple disciplines, such as materials science, cell biology, and engineering, continue to converge with 3D bioprinting, emergence of more innovative applications is anticipated. However, despite significant progress, many technical and ethical challenges still need to be overcome before practical clinical applications can be implemented. In summary, the application of bioprinting technology is of great significance to the study of functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models, which could lead to new breakthroughs in the development of clinical treatment and personalized medicine.
Not Bowing Down
Authors: Contreras Randol
Published: January 2024

In the United States, some prison gangs control not only inmates, but also what happens on the street. Since most gang members eventually get detained and incarcerated, prison gangs will victimize or kill any resistors in jail and prison. In this paper, I examine such a case between the California prison gang, La Eme, and the rebel Maravilla gangs of East Los Angeles. La Eme controls almost all the Latino gangs in Southern California and enforces prison and street rules that “Southsider” gangs must follow. Between 1993 and 2006, the Maravilla gangs resisted La Eme’s prison co-governance and then experienced a violence and victimization perhaps unrivaled in the gang world. Through field research on the Maravilla gangs, this paper reveals how some gangs defy prison co-governance, which then makes them feel meaningful in the gang world.
МОДИФИКАЦИЯ КЛАПАНА НЕФТЕПРОМЫСЛОВОГО НАСОСА
Authors: Ибрагим Габибов, Дума Дмитрий Ибрагим Габибов, Дума Дмитрий
Published: January 2024

Известно, что буровые и нефтепромысловые насосы высокого давления, используемые в бурении скважин и добыче нефти, имеют сходный принцип действия и работают в тяжелых условиях эксплуатации. Отличительными их особенностями являются высокие давления нагнетания, перекачка различных вязких жидкостей: глинистых, цементных, кислотных и других растворов, содержащих, как правило, абразивные частицы.
Результатам исследований установлено, что детали гидравлической части буровых и нефтепромысловых насосов имеют низкие наработки до отказа. Кроме этого установлен, что надежности и долговечности указанных насосов во много определяется сроком службы узла клапанов. Закон распределения отказов-экспоненциальный.
В данной статье представлены и рассмотрены основные проблемы клапанов нефтепромысловых насосов, которые предназначены для подъема сырой нефти из скважины для последующей обработки, подъема пластовой воды, поддержания пластового давления в скважине, с помощью них производят очистку химическим ингибиторами для очистки коррозии и отложений. Клапаны данных насосов работают при высоких нагрузках и под большим давлением, что приводит к износу его уплотнительной части.
Ключевые слова: нефтепромысловый насос, тарельчатый клапан, износ, уплотнитель.
ELEKTROMEXANİKİ MÜHƏRRİKLİ MEXANİZMLƏRDƏ DİŞLİ ÇARXIN İŞLƏMƏ RESURSUNUN HESABI
Authors: Əmir Mustafayev, Dərya Əliyeva Əmir Mustafayev, Dərya Əliyeva
Published: January 2024

Yüksək dəqiqlik tələb edən sənaye sahələrində (aviasiya, müdafiə obyektləri, maşınqayırma, neft sənayesi və digər sahələrdə ) elektromexaniki mühərriklərdən istifadə olunur.
Uzunmüddətli istifadə zamanı dişli çarxlarda dişlər get-gedə yeyilir, dişlərin profilləri və ölçüləri dəyişir, ilişmə zamanı dişlər arasında araboşluğu yaranır.Nəticədə mühərrikin faydalı iş əmsalı azalır, sərtliyi, kinematik dəqiqliyi və dinamiki yüklənməsi artır.
Dişlərin yeyilmə intensivliyi geniş həddlər daxilində (I = … ) dəyişə bilər.Yeyilmə intensivliyi kontaktda olan materialların toxunan səthlərinin qarşılıqlı təsir növündən, gərginliklərin qiymətindən, sürüşmə sürətindən və ətraf mühitin temperaturundan asılıdır. Bu parametrlərin tənzimlənməsi materialın nazik təbəqəsinin səthində yeyilmə intensivliyini azaldır.
Adi atmosfer şəraitində toxunan səthlərdə sürüşmədən materialin nazik təbəqəsi dağılaraq oksidləşmə pərdəsi yaranır.Dişli çarxların dişlərinin toxunma sahələrində sürtgü yağlarından istifadə bərk və ya məsaməli mayeli maddələrin işlək sahələrinin qaz və mayeni udması dişli çarxın materialının dağıdılmasının qarşısını alır.
Baxılan məqalədə elektromexaniki mühərriklərdə yeyilmə kriteriyasına görə dişli çarx ötürməsinin resursunun hesablama metodikası verilmişdir.Əldə olunan asılılıqlar dişli çarx ötürmələrinin uzun ömürlülüyünün hesabatında istifadə oluna bilər.Aviasiyanın, kosmosun, müdafiə tədbirləri üçün komplekslərin və sənayenin digər sahələrinin, o cümlədən də neft sənayesində ekstremal şəraitdə istifadə olunan dişli çarx mexanizmlərinin işləmə qabiliyyətini və resursunu artırmaq tədqiqatçıların və konstruktorların qarşısına qoyulan mühüm məsələlərdən biridir.
Dəyişən kontakt gərginlikləri və dişlərin profillərində yaranan sürtünmə, dişlərin işçi səthlərinin zədələnməsinə səbəb olur.
Həm açıq, həm də qapalı ötürmələrdə dişlərin çirklənmədən qorunmayan işçi səthlərindən abraziv hissəciklərin yaratdığı gərginlik, dişlərin abraziv yeyilməsinə səbəb olur.
Yeyilməyə məruz qalan dişlər ilişməyə daxil olduqda onların arasında qalan araboşluğu böyüyür, dinamiki yüklər və səs-küy artır, ötürmənin kinematik dəqiqliyi azalır.Bu da həm dişlərin möhkəmliyinin, həm də en kəsik sahəsinin azalmasına və hətta sınmasına gətirib çıxarır.
Aqreqatla idarə olunan elektromexaniki mühərriklər böyük ötürmə nisbətinə malik olan dişli çarxlardan, elektrik mühərrikindən, evolvent profilli adi silindrik ötürmələrdən və çıxış pilləsində planetar və ya dalğavari dişli mexanizmlərdən ibarətdir.
Elektromexaniki mühərriklərin sıradan çıxmasının əsas səbəbi dişli çarxların işçi səthlərinin yeyilməsidir.
Bu tədqiqatın aparılmasında əsas məqsəd müxtəlif sürtgü materiallarının istismar şəraitindən asılı olaraq dişli çarx mexanizmlərinin işçi sahələrinin möhkəmliyə hesabat problemlərindən asılılığını öyrənməkdir.
Açar sözlər.dişli çarx, mühərrik, sürtünmə sürüşməsi, yeyilmə, kontakt gərginliyi.
LAZERLƏ MÖHKƏMLƏNDİRİLMİŞ POLADLARIN SƏTHİNDƏ BƏRKLİYİN PAYLANMASINA QALIQ AUSTENİTİN TƏSİRİNİN RAŞDIRILMASI
Authors: Jalə Paşayeva, Ağəli Quliyev Jalə Paşayeva, Ağəli Quliyev
Published: January 2024

Lazerlə möhkəmləndirmənin təsiri ilə emal edilən səth qatında faza və struktur çevrilmələri baş verir ki , bu səthə tribotexniki və möhkəmlik xassələrini verməyə imkan yaradır . Tədqiqatda lazerlə möhkəmləndirilmiş qatın qalınlığına və bərkliyinə təsir edən əlavə amillər müəyyən edilmişdir. Aşkarlanmışdır ki, lazerlə tablanmış qatın qalınlığı austenit dənə ölçüləri ilə müəyyən edilir . Poladda seçilmiş legirləyici element lazerlə emal zamanı ən yüksək dərəcədə istilik keçiriciliyini aşağı salmalıdır. Tədqiq olunan poladların içərisində ən böyük tablandırma dərinliyi yüksək karbonlu silisiumlu legirlənmiş polad olmuşdur. Lazerlə möhkəmləndirmədə qatın bərkliyinə təsir edən qalıq austenitin miqdarı olduğu müəyyən edilmişdir.
Açar sözlər: legirlənmiş poladlar, termiki emal,lazerlə emal,möhkəmləndirmə,legirləyici element,qalıq austenit,dənə ölçüsü,struktur,bərklik.
CALCULATION OF WELLHEAD PARTS
Authors: Qasim Mammadov, Zenfira Huseynli Qasim Mammadov, Zenfira Huseynli , Orkhan Ismayilzada Orkhan Ismayilzada
Published: January 2024

Wellhead rigidly connects the entire working column into a single system, takes the load arising from their weight, and transfers the entire load to the conductor. Provides insulation and tightness of the space between the columns, while at the same time allowing you to monitor the condition of the wellbore and perform the necessary technological operations. Wellhead serves as a pedestal for installing the production string lowered into the well. During drilling, blowout preventer equipment is installed on it, which is dismantled after drilling. The number of these elements depends on the number of working strings in the well.
The casing head is positioned according to the sequence of running and cementing at the wellhead. They are selected during drilling taking into account the expected formation pressure after the drilled well interval.
The operating conditions of the column head are quite difficult: In deep wells, the load from the weight of protective casings can exceed several hundred kilonewtons. The column head elements also absorb the pressure of the medium in contact with them. If there is H2S, CO2 in the formation fluid or gas, or if the formation water is highly mineralized, the casing is subject to corrosion. When the heating agent is injected in deep wells, their tubing head and casing head heat up to 150-250° C, and in the Northern conditions it cools down to -60° C. Violation of the reliability of the column head leads to serious accidents, and in some cases – fires and explosions
In particular, the casing heads of multi-casing wells have a large mass and vertical size. Their high metal intensity and high demand require the expenditure of large amounts of steel, especially alloy steel, for their production. As the vertical size of the casing head increases, well maintenance becomes more complicated.
Column heads for wellhead equipment are manufactured with different numbers of protective columns: three-, four- and five-post. The principle and design diagrams of such column heads are similar.
Keywords: wellhead, casing hanger, equivalent tension, cylindrical part, flange.
STUDY OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SUPPORT UNITS OF PUMPJACKS
Authors: Zuleikha Eyvazova, Sevinc Mehdiyeva Zuleikha Eyvazova, Sevinc Mehdiyeva
Published: January 2024

Oil extraction is carried out in three ways: fountain, gas elevator, and pumping. The claim that the time of flowing wells is long over is not negotiable. But we can agree that the leading role in oil production is. Although there are different types of pumps, such as plunger, centrifugal, screw, hydraulic piston, jet, etc., more common for this method are. And the main drive of downhole rod pumps has been pumpjacks for more than a century. This article considers the justification of the possibility of improving the pumpjack design through self-lubricating sliding bearings in low-speed units.
Keywords: oil production pumping, balancing pumpjack, rolling bearings, self-lubricating sliding bearings.
TƏMİR İŞLƏRİNDƏ PAKERİN NASOS-KOMPRESSOR BORULARI SİSTEMİNİN DAYANIQLIĞININ İTİRİLMƏ EFFEKTİNİN ÖYRƏNİLMƏSİ
Authors: Niyaz Zeynalov Niyaz Zeynalov
Published: January 2024

Təmir quyularının istismar kəmərlərinin qəzalarının təhlili göstərir ki, kəmərin iş qabiliyyətinin itirilməsinin əsas səbəbi ona təsir edən əlavə yaranan gərginliklərdir, bunun nəticəsində kəmərdə uzununa, eninə dağılma, yiv birləşmələrinin hermetikliyinin itirilməsi, dağılması, əzilməsi baş verir. Ona görə pakeri quyuya buraxılmamışdan əvvəl bu yoxlanılmalıdır. Pakerə onun kəmərdə oturdulması üçün yük mexaniki və ya hidravliki yolla tətbiq olunur. Bu qüvvələrin pakerə, həm də onun kipləndiricilərinə statik deyil, dinamik vəziyyətdə tətbiq olunduğu məlumdur. Lakin müəyyən yollarla bunun zərbəli xarakterinin söndürülməsinə olan yanaşmalar kifayət deyi. Bu məqsədlə pakerin quyuda rəvan – “tarazlaşdırılmış oturdulması” –(pakerin quyuya endirilməsi, onun kipləndiricilərinin kəmərdə oturdulması, pakerin quyudan çıxarılması (azad olunması) daxildir) vacibdir.
Açar sözlər: oxboyu əyilmə, filtr zona, paker, nasos-kompressor boruları, sıxıcı qüvvə.
INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC SPACE
Authors: Maksym Zhytar Maksym Zhytar , Oksana Lisnichuk Oksana Lisnichuk , Volodymyr Kotkovskyi Volodymyr Kotkovskyi
Published: January 2024

The article examines the prospects for the integration of the Ukrainian economy into the European economic space. It has been established that Ukraine's accession to the EU would be beneficial not only for Ukraine, but also for the European Union itself. One obvious advantage is security: if Ukraine were not currently at war, Russian tanks would probably already be in Warsaw or Tallinn. In peacetime, there are many opportunities for cooperation. Obvious areas are food security and energy production; in addition, Ukraine has a lot of human capital and entrepreneurial talent, and it is quite developed in IT, mechanical engineering and other industries that require a high level of technical skills. Ukrainian culture is rich and original. However, not only Ukraine will change during the accession. The European Union itself will be reformed in response to new challenges. Existing agreements between Ukraine and the European Union have already contributed to significant trade flows. Accession will have greater implications for the free movement of capital and workers – investment inflows and migration outflows. These areas are likely to be the focus of negotiations. A certain accession agreement usually has transition periods, especially for full free movement of labor, and opt-out clauses. The essential difference will be that Ukraine will be granted the status of "member of the EU" and not associated or annexed status.
The consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its request for membership in the European Union changed the role of international diplomacy. The European Union realized the need to strengthen its own security and solve internal problems - from the consequences of Brexit to solving the alleged violations of the rule of law by Hungary.
The military incursions into Ukraine have become a catalyst for change across Europe, and this may be reflected in how the member states of the European Union and the European Commission deal with Ukraine's accession.
Keywords: perspective, integration, European Economic Area
STATE SUPPORT FOR THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE, THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES AND THE EU
Authors: Olha Rudenko Olha Rudenko , Filipova Nataliia Filipova Nataliia , Yevheniy Kodis Yevheniy Kodis
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive analysis discusses the reform of Ukraine's state administration, emphasizing the need to integrate global public management theories and practices, and the experiences of Eastern Partnership countries. It highlights the shift from state-centric to human-centric governance, focusing on efficiency, effectiveness, and citizen-oriented services. The document examines the challenges in implementing EU integration mechanisms like Twinning, TAIEX, and SIGMA in Ukraine. It underscores the importance of a unified coordination center for effective implementation and the need to align Ukrainian policies and practices with EU standards, highlighting the necessity for Ukraine to develop its own national concepts of management and public administration, integrating both national and international experiences.
Keywords: economic cooperation, EU, Eastern Partnership, development, state support.
NEGATIVE CHANGES IN PUBLIC HEALTH AS AN OBJECT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Vitaliy Yunger Vitaliy Yunger , Oleksandr Shevchuk Oleksandr Shevchuk , Oksana Lukashuk Oksana Lukashuk
Published: January 2024

The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine caused extremely terrible consequences for the health of Ukrainians, as well as for human capital in general. The population of Ukraine has lost the previously stable conditions of quality life, constant stress against the background of armed aggression has caused the deterioration of mental health, the level of forced migration has increased significantly, and a new crisis has arisen in the health care system. The occupation of part of the territory by Russian troops led to the loss of access to medical facilities, an increase in morbidity and mortality. War causes not only tragic consequences for the population at the time of armed aggression, but also long-term consequences for the lives of individuals and even generations as a result of injuries, mutilations and mental trauma.
Key words: Russian-Ukrainian war, public health, health care system, public administration, public health monitoring.
CURRENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Valentyna Ksendzuk Valentyna Ksendzuk , Kateryna Voitsitska Kateryna Voitsitska , Andrii Dankevych Andrii Dankevych
Published: January 2024

In the current territory conditions of urbanization, development, and intense urbanization, a series of problems arise related to implementing and realizing effective policies amid constant internal and external changes. This necessitates the identification of problems in the economic development of urbanized territories in Ukraine. The issue was exacerbated by the Russo-Ukrainian War, which posed direct risks and threats to the country's national security.
Through the analysis of the current state of economic development in urbanized territories, it identified that the following problems hinder economic development: disparities in the development of urbanized environments, a low level of cooperation between regions, outdated approaches to urban planning leading to urban sprawl and chaotic construction, unbalanced housing policies, and urban infrastructure that does not meet modern requirements. The military; aggression from the Russian Federation has led to the decline of economic development in urbanized territories, resulting in a high level of external and internal migration, increased unemployment, and overall deterioration of the country's economic growth.
Effective development programs at national and regional levels address urbanized territory development problems. These programs should focus on reconstructing territories, infrastructure, and industry, creating a comfortable and safe environment, providing new job opportunities, reducing unemployment, and promoting overall economic growth..
Keywords: urbanized territories, Russian-Ukrainian War, social problems of territory development, economic problems of territory development, national security.
THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES CAUSED BY THE WAR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLISH AND UKRAINIAN ECONOMIES
Authors: Yuliia Moroz Yuliia Moroz , Oleksandr Hrabchuk Oleksandr Hrabchuk , Andrii Pasichnyk Andrii Pasichnyk
Published: January 2024

The outbreak of war in Ukraine has dramatically changed the migration situation in many countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Among them, the most important role is played by Poland, where the largest number of Ukrainians who fled the war zone after 24 February 2022 arrived. Citizens of Ukraine are leading in terms of statistics on entry, settlement, visas, people working and studying in Poland, and people applying for Polish citizenship. The social and economic ties that have been built over the years through economic migration, as well as the cultural and geographical proximity of our countries, make Poland a place where those fleeing war can count on safe haven, help and support. It is difficult to predict the future of Ukrainian refugees from russian aggression in Poland, as well as in Ukraine, when they return after the victory and to establish their role in the reconstruction of the country. Their number, as people returning to Ukraine, depends mainly on the events of the war, the EU's policy on Ukraine's accession to the Union, and living and working conditions during the reconstruction of the Ukrainian state. A significant proportion of refugees from Ukraine state that they may stay in Poland, which means that they will actively support the Polish labour market in the long term and ensure the development of the Polish national economy. All of this requires immediate, balanced action on the fate of refugees by state institutions in both Ukraine and Poland.
Keywords: migration, economy, war, refugees, migration crisis, labour migration.
Propósitos das perguntas promovidas por professores em aulas de Matemática
Authors: Silva Talita de Jesus da , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os propósitos das perguntas de professores em aulas de Matemática. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo no qual os dados foram coletados por meio de observações. Participaram da pesquisa dois professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental II, com perfis distintos em relação às práticas pedagógicas adotadas. A análise dos dados indica os seguintes propósitos das perguntas em relação aos estudantes: verificar e avaliar seus conhecimentos; estimular suas reflexões e pensamentos; coletar informações sobre conceitos e cálculos matemáticos; obter informações que garantam o bom funcionamento da aula ou fazer pedidos e solicitações; direcionar a atenção para determinados aspectos da matéria e ajudá-los a chegar às respostas; conseguir a adesão às ideias apresentadas e exercer o controle disciplinar. Com base nos propósitos das perguntas aparentes no estudo, inferimos que elas podem ser associadas a diferentes ambientes de aprendizagem.
Asal Usul dan Peranan Tradisi Bertatu dalam Budaya Masyarakat Iban
Authors: Ali Osman Mohammad Sufiyan , Asri Adilawati , Tugang Noria
Published: January 2024

Penyelidikan ini menjelaskan tentang asal usul dan tujuan tradisi bertatu yang dilakukan dalam budaya masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. Tradisi bertatu merupakan sebahagian daripada budaya masyarakat Iban yang dianggap suci kerana dipercayai dapat menghubungkan jiwa masyarakat Iban kepada petara (tuhan) mereka. Penyelidik menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam penyelidikan ini. Data yang diperoleh menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian turut serta dan temu bual dengan informan yang mempunyai kepakaran dalam tradisi tatu. Penyelidik mendapati bahawa setiap motif tatu masyarakat Iban mempunyai makna dan fungsi yang tersendiri kepada golongan individu yang memilikinya. Dalam kepercayaan warisan masyarakat Iban, tatu dipercayai merupakan simbol yang melambangkan anugerah daripada petarakepada sesuatu pencapaian ataupun kejayaan yang dikecapi oleh masyarakat Iban dalam kehidupan seharian mereka. Oleh itu, tradisi bertatu ini dilihat sebagai satu tradisi budaya yang bersifat sakral dan mistik dalam budaya masyarakat Iban. Pada zaman dahulu, masyarakat Iban tinggal di persekitaran alam semula jadi yang terdapat di kepulauan Borneo. Bagi masyarakat Iban, alam semula jadi dijadikan sebagai sumber idea dan inspirasi untuk menghasilkan motif tatu. Perkara ini memperlihatkan bahawa masyarakat Iban dan alam semula jadi mempunyai hubungan yang rapat dan saling memerlukan antara satu sama lain. Fenomena ini memperlihatkan bahawa masyarakat Iban amat menghargai alam semula jadi yang dijadikan sebagai idea utama dalam membentuk tradisi budaya mereka. Melalui alam semula jadi, masyarakat Iban menghasilkan tradisi bertatu yang menggambarkan sifat dan perwatakan diri seseorang tersebut mempunyai ciri-ciri yang mirip dengan hidupan alam semula jadi yang terdapat di persekitaran komuniti mereka. Masyarakat Iban percaya bahawa petara (tuhan) menciptakan alam semula jadi sebagai sumber rezeki dan penempatan bagi masyarakat Iban. Fenomena ini memperlihatkan bahawa kewujudan alam semula jadi merupakan wadah bagi masyarakat Iban untuk menghasilkan tradisi bertatu bagi menzahirkan kepercayaan mereka terhadap petara dan kuasa-kuasa luar biasa.
Effects of Hypernatremia on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asmara Holifa , Abd Kadir Salma Zahidah , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Meramat Asheila
Published: January 2024

Serum sodium (Na) values above 145 mmol/L indicate hypernatremia: drugs, hormone imbalances, water retention, and Na intake cause it. The inability of the body to control salt balance affects infants, older people with neurological or physical impairment, and critically unwell adults. Vital heart function helps critical cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Hypernatremia increases blood pressure, risking stroke and heart disease. This study and meta-analysis assessed CVD patients' blood pressure and hypernatremia. The mortality of CVD patients with hypernatremia was also studied. Furthermore, this study explained salt-induced hypertension. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The included research was published between 2010 and 2022. Several databases were utilized, including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Ten articles were included in this study. Two studies demonstrated the effects of hypernatremia on blood pressure, five studies demonstrated the effects of hypernatremia on mortality among CVD patients, and three studies demonstrated the mechanisms underlying salt-induced hypertension. The research employs a random effects model represented by Forest plots. The meta-analysis results indicated that hypernatremia significantly increases blood pressure in CVD patients (95% CI: 0.24 to 16.33; p=0.04; OR: 8.29). Hypernatremia also increased mortality in patients with CVD (95% CI, 1.48 to 3.83; p=0.0003; OR, 2.40). Hypernatremia causes arterial wall stiffness and contributes to alterations in blood pressure (95% CI: 1.48–3.83; p=0.02; OR: 0.51). Therefore, managing hypernatremia in patients with CVD may prevent complications, such as mortality and severe hypertension.
Image Quality Comparison between 10kVp Technique and 15 Percent Rule on AP Supine Abdominal X-ray Examination
Authors: Mohd Nasir Fairuz , Ali Azlinawati , Yaakob Qashrina Nadhirah
Published: January 2024

The abdomen is one of the thickest parts of the human body and there are challenges in obtaining good images due to the thickness and pathology of the patient during an abdominal X-ray. The 15% rule and the 10 kVp technique are used as exposure manipulation methods in abdominal radiography, however, theoretically, the 15% rule is preferred. The 15% rule provides optimal exposure while the 10 kVp technique is simpler in terms of calculating the exposure factor. These two techniques have their advantages; therefore, this study aims to compare the image quality between the 15% rule and the 10 kVp technique of X-ray supine anteroposterior (AP) abdominal radiography image quality and evaluate whether 10 kVp could be an exposure replacement technique for the 15% rule. Five abdomen radiographic images were taken based on both techniques and evaluated quantitatively using ImageJ software and qualitatively based on scoring by two radiographers. Based on the result of the experimental study, the SNR (signal-to-noise) ratio, CNR (contrast-to-noise ratio) and image mean score had no significant differences (p-value>0.05) between the 10 kVp and 15% rule. In conclusion, the 10 kVp technique is a possible substitution for the 15% rule in obtaining valuable diagnostic image quality during AP abdominal X-ray projection and is more suitable to be implied in clinical settings compared to the 15% rule.
Stunting and Associated Factors among Children Under Five Years in Yemen during the Conflict Period
Authors: Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa Dr. Sharifah Wajhah Wafa , Emad A. Al-Shameri  , Ahmed H. Al-Shahethi
Published: January 2024

It remains a significant public health problem in many low and middle-income countries, particularly in Yemen, related to nutritional deficiencies during the most critical periods of growth and development in early childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of stunting and the associated factors among Yemeni children under 5 years of age. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design among 434 mothers and their children aged 6-59 months. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the structured questionnaire that consists of 28 items. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined using the current World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. An analysis of the data was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was determined by the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) from the multivariable analysis. The prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five was 46.1%. According to the multivariable analysis, stunting is statistically associated with children aged 13-24 months (AOR 2.04), 25-36 months (AOR 2.27), 37-48 months (AOR 2.38), secondary education of the father (AOR 0.31), household size of five members (AOR 0.66), and flushed or poured toilets (AOR 1.91). In Yemen, family-specific factors are the primary contributors to stunted development in children. There is a need to emphasize interventions related to food, nutrition, and overall hygiene to reduce malnutrition in the studied region and the country as a whole.
The Comparison between Anthropometry and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Authors: Che Taha Che Suhaili , Md Arsad Nurul Izzati Khairunnisa , Zarikhan Farah Husna , Kamalrulzaman Nik Syarafina Akmal
Published: January 2024

Ramadan fasting refers to 29 or 30 days of mandatory fasting practice among Muslims. Muslims fast from sunrise to dusk and abstain from various activities, including eating, drinking, sexual activity, smoking, and taking medication. Growing evidence showed the potential effect of Ramadhan fasting as one of strategies to reduce weight. However, limited studies investigated its effects on variables such as anthropometry and quality of life among middle-aged population. The aim of this study is to compare the anthropometry and quality of life before and during Ramadan among community-dwelling middle-aged population in the age range of 35 to 65 years old in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. This prospective observational study was carried out from March 2023 to April 2023 involving 110 participants in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. Anthropometry measurement such as weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (kg/m²), waist circumference (cm), body fat percentage (%), total muscle mass (kg), and total body water (%) was measured using a weighing scale, stadiometer, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and measuring tape respectively. Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) was used to measure the level of quality of life among the participants. Findings showed significant reductions in weight (kg) (67.1±13.0 vs 69.8±13.3, p<0.001), body mass index (kg/m2) (26.1±4.4 vs27.6±4.5, p<0.001), waist circumference (cm) (91.2±15.1 vs 94.9±15.32, p<0.001), body fat percentage (%) (28.2±8.9 vs 30.1±8.78, p<0.001), and muscle mass (kg) (45.3±9.1 vs 45.9±9.4, p=0.016) during Ramadhan as compared to before Ramadhan. There were also significant improvements in various aspects of quality of life observed during Ramadan compared to before, including physical functioning (86.1±12.3 vs 79.1±15.1, p<0.001), physical health (80.8±20.9 vs 66.6±34.1, p<0.001), emotional problems (89.0±17.3 vs 75.4±31.7, p<0.001), social functioning (84.5±13.9 vs 73.9±15.5, p<0.001), pain (83.3±14.8 vs 70.2±18.7, p<0.001), general health (84.3±13.0 vs 70.4±17.8, p<0.001) and (79.7±8.4 vs 76.4±10.9, p=0.044). Correlational analysis found that higher total body water during Ramadan fasting was positive correlated with higher energy levels (p=0.015). This study’s limitation is that these findings confine to local population. Future studies should involve a larger population to understand better on the health benefits of Ramadan fasting.