bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Penyedot Debu Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Anggasemara Ni Luh Ketut Inggitarahayu , Suarjaya I Made Agus Dwi , Bayupati I Putu Agung
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe floor cleaning tools that we usually use, such as a broom or duster, cause dust to fly which can leave dust in the room. The thing that can be done to overcome this problem is to develop a system that can receive a command to clean the dust, either automatically or manually controlled. This tool is made using the Arduino Uno microcontroller with streaming video using the ESP32-CAM, also HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Infrared Sensor as obstacle detectors so that the robot can walk on the floor or table. This research was developed using the Prototyping Method starting from the data collection stage to the system testing stage. The data collection technique is by observing and studying the literature. The test results show that the robot is able to vacuum effectively at speeds of 50-100 with an average effectiveness of 98.27% at speeds of 100 and 83.32% at speeds of 60. Sensor testing of the robot's motion in automatic mode has shown suitability, and the robot can move actively for 25 minutes. Keyword : Arduino Uno, Infrared Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors, Vacuum Cleaner AbstrakAlat pembersih lantai yang biasa kita gunakan seperti sapu atau kemoceng membuat debu berterbangan yang bisa membuat debu masih tertinggal di ruangan. Adapun hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut ialah mengembangkan sebuah sistem yang bisa menerima sebuah perintah untuk memberishkan debu, baik dengan cara otomatis maupun dikontrol secara manual. Alat ini dibuat menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino UNO dengan streaming video menggunakan ESP32-CAM, serta Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04 dan Sensor Infrared sebagai pendeteksi halangan agar robot dapat berjalan di lantai maupun meja. Adapun penelitian ini dekembangkan dengan menggunakan Metode Prototyping mulai dari tahap pengumpulan data hingga tahap pengujian sistem. Teknik pengumpulna data yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan pengamatan dan studi literatur. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan robot sudah mampu menyedot debu secara efektif pada kecepatan 50-100 dengan efektivitas rata-rata 98,27% pada kecepatan 100 dan 83,32% pada kecepatan 60. Pengujian sensor terhadap gerakan robot pada mode otomatis sudah menunjukkan kesesuaian, serta robot dapat bergerak secara aktif selama 25 menit.  Kata Kunci : Arduino Uno, Penyedot Debu, Sensor Infrared, Sensor Ultrasonik
Framing a social network analysis approach to understanding reputational power in the water governance of Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Asiah Nurjannah , Zainon Noor Zainura , Weng Wai Choong , Aris Azmi , Nagheeby Mohsen , Sa'adi Zulfaqar , Amezaga Jaime , Abdul Wahid Nor Atikah
Published: September 2023

The challenge of collaborative water governance often lies in the complexity of the networks involved in its processes, particularly in understanding the location of power and how the reputational power can be executed for policy decisions. A case study of the state of Johor, Malaysia, was done with the goal of figuring out a method for mapping out reputational powers in the network of actors involved in the water governance of the state. To achieve this goal, this study deconstructs the different facets of the state’s water governance system by outlining the spatial, operational, and legal boundaries of various agencies. The fundamental issues identified through this step are the complexity that leads to fragmented water governance. A research framework is thus proposed, derived from a qualitative approach whereby through in-depth interviews, respondents are asked to rank the water-related agencies based on their perceived influence. These rankings derived from qualitative interviews are given weights and subsequently measured using parameters such as density and in-degree centrality to provide quantitative evidence of the reputational powers held by actors in the water governance network. The study supports the future use of the reputational power research framework to achieve collaborative water governance solutions.
Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Nagpal Devendra , Meshram Deepashri , Jetpurwala Abdulkadeer
Published: September 2023

Dental treatment has been associated with pain by adults and children alike.
The fear associated with the perceived pain causes a lot of anxiety and is a common
cause for patients to show avoidance towards basic dental care. A painless experience
during dental treatment allows children to look forward to future dental appointments
and allows the dentist to establish a good rapport with the child. Various agents are
available for the administration of local anesthesia with lignocaine being the most
common agent. As children have unique physiology and anatomic variations, the
techniques for local anesthesia require minor modifications. Advances in local
anesthesia materials and techniques have provided the dental surgeon to accomplish the
goal of true painless dentistry.
Extraction, Minor Oral Surgeries, and Implants in Children
Authors: Meshram Deepashri , Jetpurwala Abdulkadeer M. , Jain Amit
Published: September 2023

Surgical procedures in children are often required for alleviation of pain, or
removal of pathologic or aberrant entities from the oral cavity. The general principles
for surgical management are relevant in children as well. Due to behavioural and
cooperation problems in children the minor surgical procedures should be planned
well, taking into consideration all aspects. Extraction of primary teeth must be
commonly done due to extensive dental caries. Minor surgeries like cyst enucleations,
frenctomies, mucoceles etc. require proper planning and execution for successful
results.
The advent of dental implants has opened new vistas in rehabilitation of adult patients.
However, the use of implants in pediatric dentistry has not been extensively used due to
the growth and developmental changes in chidren. There is a limited scope for implants
in dentistry hence it has been covered. If used judiciously implants can be an important
addition to the field of work of pediatric dentists.
Sedation & General Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Halbe Alka , Shah Falguni
Published: September 2023

Managing a child for dental treatment is one of the most challenging tasks
for both anaesthesiologists & pediatric dentists alike. The goal is to provide safe,
painless, anxiety-free, prompt & appropriate treatment in the minimum number of
sessions. To achieve this, children need to be given Monitored Anaesthesia Care
(MAC), Sedation, Anxiolysis or sometimes complete general anaesthesia (GA) by
appropriately trained specialists in day-care & ambulatory services settings with better
advances in anaesthesia, dentistry, pharmacology, monitoring devices, better
understanding of paediatric airway anatomy & physiology, paediatric dental
anaesthesia has become safe over the last few years. This chapter overviews the various
aspects of Pediatric dental anaesthesia & sedation and highlights the significance of
specialised infrastructure, personnel, & protocols.
Oral Manifestations and Management of HIV/ AIDS in Children
Authors: Damle Satyawan , Jetpurwala Abdulkadeer , Sakhare Dhanashree
Published: September 2023

Children are innocent victims of HIV infection. Children who are HIV
positive, either through mother-to-child transmission or following sexual abuse, are
often not revealed what could happen to them. They will undoubtedly be worried when
they experience symptoms.
It has been estimated that 90% of people with HIV infection present at least one oral
indication at some time during the disease. The presence of oral lesions may be an
early diagnostic indicator of HIV/AIDS. Early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of
HIV associated oral lesions in children can reduce morbidity and improve the quality of
life of children who have HIV/AIDS.
Advances in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Rishika  , Yeluri Ramakrishna
Published: September 2023

Approaches for managing dental caries have changed dramatically in recent
years, evolving from froadichtional treatments to a preventive approach. Modern
management approaches aim to prevent the disease, manage the caries risk, and detect
caries lesions as early as possible. Also, various breakthroughs have been made in
restorative materials to improve their biocompatibility and bonding with tooth
structure. With nanotechnology, knowledge of materials, and developments in
biomaterials, the prod the action of the best quality dental restorative materials is rising.
Local anaesthesia is the standard and the backbone for controlling pain. The
introduction of newer techniques of regional anaesthesia and delivery devices assist
dentists in providing enhanced pain relief with reduced pain from injection and fewer
adverse reactions. The chapter below highlights the various advancements in
sterilisation, diagnostic aids, preventive strategies, restorative materials and techniques
and tissue engineering.
Partai Buruh dan Kelas Pekerja di Indonesia
Authors: Ekayanta Fredick Broven
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the Labor Party’s initiatives to create a political party that represents Indonesia’s working class. Unlike other parties that were formed because of factionalization, internal conflict, or top-down by certain business elites, The Labor Party demonstrates the existence of political parties in Indonesia that were founded as an expression of dissatisfaction with a particular state policy, like Cipta Kerja Bill.  Using the method and discourse theory by Ernesto Laclau, this article argues that the Labor Party's founding was initiated by enacting regulation that was seen as the “common enemy” of social organizations. The existence of a common enemy revives the shared awareness and forms the logic of equivalence of having a political party as its own. As a party based on the working class, it creates political frontiers against the government, existing political parties, and oligarchs, which are considered responsible for not fulfilling the demands of the working class in Indonesia.
Decentring the Author: Refugee Tales and Collaborative Life Narrative as Activism
Authors: Mayer Sandra
Published: September 2023

This article focuses on collaborative life-storytelling as a tool of socio-political literary activism in the context of the Refugee Tales project. It argues that Refugee Tales is unique: on the one hand, it capitalizes on the cultural authority and ‘attention capital’ (Van Krieken) of well-known writers who offer a scathing critique of the UK asylum system; on the other hand, the project deconstructs this authority through collaboratively-authored life narrative, polyphony, and diversity. Adding value as a marketable name, public face, and articulate voice, the celebrity author nevertheless experiences a decentring, as the focus shifts towards more dialectic and inclusive negotiations of authorship. In this process, the myth of the white, male author genius is dismantled and replaced by an emphasis on the collaborative and the collective. What takes centre stage instead is the powerful process of storytelling as an act of remembrance, recording, and bearing witness, emerging as a collective endeavour through exchange, repetition, and circulation within the public sphere. This storytelling project thus has the potential to disrupt, and ultimately change, dominant discourses around migration, displacement, and asylum. Furthermore, Refugee Tales problematizes the ideology of individualism that underlies the cult of the genius author, autobiographical narrative, and celebrity construction.
The Refugee’s Tale: The Story of the Story
Authors: Agbabi Patience
Published: September 2023

This essay explores the collaborative process of creating the poem ‘The Refugee’s Tale’, which was initially read at a live event and subsequently published in the first Refugee Tales anthology (Comma Press, 2016). It presents the metatextual process of interviewing the refugee to obtain their story, ‘The Refugee’s Tale’ itself, and the multifaceted aspects of the creative composition of the long poem. It examines a variety of literary and ethical challenges from the perspective of a participating writer: the imperative to do justice to the politics of the Refugee Tales movement as a whole and the individual tale in particular whilst concurrently attending to the aesthetics in creating a literary work; the intersections and differences between creating life writing and fiction; the decision to utilize the mnemonic properties of a particular European poetic form, the heroic crown, to tell the tale of a North African woman; the avoidance of pornography of pain; and, fundamentally, questions of voice – generating it, giving it, lending it, and silencing it. The author concludes that the merits of this collaborative process, the pairing of refugees with literary writers to craft and recite their life story, is the most effective way to capture the public imagination and enable those silenced voices to be heard.
Predicting the 5-Year Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Machine Learning Models: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Guoqing , Jin Qiankai , Mao Yushan
Published: September 2023

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a worldwide public health issue. Identifying and targeting populations at a heightened risk of developing NAFLD over a 5-year period can help reduce and delay adverse hepatic prognostic events.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the 5-year incidence of NAFLD in the Chinese population. It also aimed to establish and validate a machine learning model for predicting the 5-year NAFLD risk.

Methods

The study population was derived from a 5-year prospective cohort study. A total of 6196 individuals without NAFLD who underwent health checkups in 2010 at Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital in Ningbo, China, were enrolled in this study. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)–recursive feature elimination, combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), was used to screen for characteristic predictors. A total of 6 machine learning models, namely logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, categorical boosting, and XGBoost, were utilized in the construction of a 5-year risk model for NAFLD. Hyperparameter optimization of the predictive model was performed in the training set, and a further evaluation of the model performance was carried out in the internal and external validation sets.

Results

The 5-year incidence of NAFLD was 18.64% (n=1155) in the study population. We screened 11 predictors for risk prediction model construction. After the hyperparameter optimization, CatBoost demonstrated the best prediction performance in the training set, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.810 (95% CI 0.768-0.852). Logistic regression showed the best prediction performance in the internal and external validation sets, with AUROC curves of 0.778 (95% CI 0.759-0.794) and 0.806 (95% CI 0.788-0.821), respectively. The development of web-based calculators has enhanced the clinical feasibility of the risk prediction model.

Conclusions

Developing and validating machine learning models can aid in predicting which populations are at the highest risk of developing NAFLD over a 5-year period, thereby helping delay and reduce the occurrence of adverse liver prognostic events.
Potential Determinants Contributing to COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in Taiwan: Rapid Qualitative Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Li-Yin , Lin Chun-Ji , Kuan Chen-I , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Although vaccination has been shown to be one of the most important interventions, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains one of the top 10 global public health challenges worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to investigate (1) major determinants of vaccine hesitancy, (2) changes in the determinants of vaccine hesitancy at different time periods, and (3) the potential factors affecting vaccine acceptance.

METHODS

This study applied a mixed methods approach to explore the potential determinants contributing to vaccine hesitancy among the Taiwanese population. The quantitative design of this study involved using Google Trends search query data. We chose the search term “疫苗“ (vaccine), selected ”台灣” (Taiwan) as the location, and selected the period between December 18, 2020, and July 31, 2021. The rising keywords related to vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were collected. Based on the responses obtained from the qualitative study and the rising keywords obtained in Google Trends, the 3 most popular keywords related to vaccine hesitancy were identified and used as search queries in Google Trends between December 18, 2020, and July 31, 2021, to generate relative search volumes (RSVs). Lastly, autoregressive integrated moving average modeling was used to forecast the RSVs for the 3 keywords between May 29 and July 31, 2021. The estimated RSVs were compared to the observed RSVs in Google Trends within the same time frame.

RESULTS

The 4 prevailing factors responsible for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were doubts about the government and manufacturers, side effects, deaths associated with vaccination, and efficacy of vaccination. During the vaccine observation period, “political role” was the overarching consideration leading to vaccine hesitancy. During the peak of the pandemic, side effects, death, and vaccine protection were the main factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. The popularity of the 3 frequently searched keywords “side effects,” “vaccine associated deaths,” and “vaccine protection” continued to rise throughout the pandemic outbreak. Lastly, the highest Google search queries related to COVID-19 vaccines emerged as “side effects” prior to vaccination, deaths associated with vaccines during the period when single vaccines were available, and “side effects” and “vaccine protection” during the period when multiple vaccines were available.

CONCLUSIONS

Investigating the key factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy appears to be a fundamental task that needs to be undertaken to ensure effective implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. Google Trends may be used as a complementary infoveillance tool by government agencies for future vaccine policy implementation and communication.
Short- to Long-Term Effects of Virtual Reality on Motor Skill Learning in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kilcioglu Seyma , Schiltz Benoît , Araneda Rodrigo , Bleyenheuft Yannick
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Many studies have started integrating virtual reality (VR) into neurorehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy (CP). The results of the effects of VR on motor skill learning, including the short- to long-term results of relevant studies, must be pooled in a generic framework.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the short- to long-term effects of therapies including VR on motor skill learning in children with CP.

METHODS

Two examiners followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the “Participant, Intervention, Control, and Outcome” framework. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were considered if they compared VR-included interventions with control groups on motor functions and daily life activities in children with CP. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched. The modified Downs and Black assessment was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses for RCTs were conducted whenever possible.

RESULTS

A total of 7 RCTs, 2 non-RCTs, and 258 children with CP were included. The priority focus of 78% (7/9) of the studies was upper limb functions. There was a significant short-term effect of adding VR to conventional therapies on upper limb functions when compared with conventional therapies (P=.04; standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.39, 95% CI 0.01-0.76). The overall medium- to long-term effects showed a trend toward favoring the VR group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=.06; SMD=0.37, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.77). For balance (P=.06; SMD=1.04, 95% CI −0.04 to 2.12), gross motor functions (P=.30; SMD=2.85, 95% CI −2.57 to 8.28), and daily life activities outcomes (P=.21; SMD=0.29, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.74), the overall effect in the short term also showed a trend toward favoring the VR group, but these results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

VR seems to have additional benefits for motor skill learning in children with CP. Studies with follow-up outcomes of VR training focusing on balance and gross motor functions in patients with CP were quite limited. Future research on balance and gross motor function outcomes should target particularly long-term results of therapies including VR on motor skill learning.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021227734; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021227734
C Source code Obfuscation using Hash Function and Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Tambunan Sarah Rosdiana , Rokhman Nur
Published: September 2023

Obfuscation is a technique for transforming program code into a different form that is more difficult to understand. Several obfuscation methods are used to obfuscate source code, including dead code insertion, code transposition, and string encryption. In this research, the development of an obfuscator that can work on C language source code uses the code transposition method, namely randomizing the arrangement of lines of code with a hash function and then using the DES encryption algorithm to hide the parameters of the hash function so that it is increasingly difficult to find the original format. This obfuscator is specifically used to maintain the security of source code in C language from plagiarism and piracy. In order to evaluate this obfuscator, nine respondents who understand the C programming language were asked to deobfuscate the obfuscated source code manually. Then the percentage of correctness and the average time needed to perform the manual deobfuscation are observed. The evaluation results show that the obfuscator effectively maintains security and complicates the source code analysis.
Verifikasi Metode Analisis Kadar Total Fosfat dalam Air Limbah Laundry Merujuk pada SNI 06-6989.31-2005
Authors: Suryani Made Yuri , Hariyadi Asful , Paramita Adhe , Safitri Rika Awalin
Published: September 2023

Peningkatan kegiatan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di bidang jasa pencucian (laundry) Balikpapan semakin berkembang setiap tahunnya. Proses aktivitas laundry menghasillkan limbah cair yang mengandung polutan senyawa beracun dan berbahaya, salah satunya adalah senyawa fosfat, yang apabila memiliki kadar yang melebihi dari BMAL (Baku Mutu Air Limbah) yang sudah ditentukan yaitu maksimum 2 mg/L maka akan berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan dapat menyebabkan pencemaran air. Oleh sebab itu, dalam rangka mengendalikan pencemaran air seuai batas baku mutu air limbah maka diperlukan adanya analisis pengukuran kadar fosfat  sebelum di alirkan ke badan air. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari teknik karakterisasi parameter kadar fosfat yang terkandung dalam sampel uji dengan menggunakan instrumentasi Spektrofotometer UV-Vis berdasarkan SNI 06-6989.31-2005. Prosedur pengambilan contoh uji air limbah merujuk pada SNI 6989.59-2008 pada salah satu usaha laundry di Kota Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur pada dua sumber saluran pembuangan sebelum masuk perairan penerima limbah. Analisis dilaksanakan pada Laboratorium Karakterisasi, Pusat Laboratorium Terpadu ITK dengan pengulangan sebanyak 7 (tujuh) kali pada masing-masing contoh uji. Data hasil analisis  pada parameter batas deteksi dan batas kuantitasi diperoleh sebesar 0,033 mg/L dan 0,083 mg/L. Nilai parameter presisi sampel uji air limbah laundry memperoleh nilai %RSD pada air limbah laundry A dan B sebesar 3,965% dan 3,809%. Nilai %recovery pada air limbah A dan B sebesar 98,211% dan 86,611%. Sehingga hasil analisa kadar fosfat dalam air limbah laundry A dan B diperoleh sebesar 0,290 mg/L dan 0,276 mg/L. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kadar fosfat pada sampel air limbah laundry tidak melebihi batas ambang air limbah dan metode analisa uji dapat diterapkan pada Laboratorium Terpadu, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan.
Penggunaan Media Potato Sucrose Broth untuk Menumbuhkan Yeast Saccaromyces cereviceae pada Praktikum Mikrobiologi Umum selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Yastanto Anang Juni , Prasetya Wahyu
Published: September 2023

Praktikum Mikrobiologi Umum selama pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan secara ketat yaitu dengan mengatur jarak praktikan minimal 1 meter. Sehingga praktikum yang sebelumnya dilakukan 2 gelombang menjadi 8 gelombang. Oleh karena itu diperlukan preparasi media yang lebih banyak. Pada praktikum ini digunakan yeast dan jamur sehingga diperlukan media yang mendukung pertumbuhan yeast dan jamur. Penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa media PSA (Potato Sucrose Agar) bisa digunakan untuk menumbuhkan jamur, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pertumbuhan yeast Saccaromyces cereviceae pada media PSB (Potato Sucrose Broth) dan viabilitasnya selama penyimpanan. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu mengevaluasi pertumbuhan yeast pada media PSB dan PGYB (Pepton Glucose Yeast Extract Broth) sebagai media kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yeast diinokulasikan ke media PSB dan PGYB kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 30 ºC selama 24 jam. Setelah inkubasi kemudian yeast di kedua media disimpan pada suhu 4 ºC dan dihitung jumlah sel yeast dengan dilution plating dan haemacytometer selama penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan jumlah sel yeast yang dihitung dengan dilution plating pada media PSB dan PGYB berturut-turut yaitu 7,46 dan 7,51 log cfu/mL pada hari ke 1 dan setelah penyimpanan hari ke 30 yaitu 7,75 dan 7,76 log cfu/mL. Dengan demikian media PSB dapat digunakan sebagai pertumbuhan yeast pada praktikum Mikrobiologi Umum selama pandemi.
Pengaruh Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Premium dengan Metode Variasi Sudut Pengapian pada Motor Toyota Seri 4K untuk Praktikum Mahasiswa
Authors: Setiawan Feny , Erman Erman
Published: September 2023

Motor (engine) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Toyota Kijang Seri 4K dengan sistem penyaluran bahan bakar menggunakan karburator dan sistem pengapian konvensional. Sudut pengapian menunjukkan posisi saat pengapian berlangsung pada akhir langkah kompresi dalam derajat sudut dan akan berlangsung pada derajat tertentu sebelum titik mati atas. Sudut pengapian erat hubungan terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar. Variasi sudut saat pengapian dilakukan guna mengetahui hubungan antara sudut pengapian terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar. Variasi sudut pengapian sebanyak 3 variasi, yaitu dari 6º, 8ᴼdan 10º.Pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar dilakukan menggunakan buret, bahan bakar yang digunakan premium memiliki research octane number (RON) sebesar 88. Penelitian dilakukan tiga kali yaitu pada putaran mesin (engine) 750 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm. Data hasil penelitian dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik menggunakan Software Microsoft Excel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan sudut pengapian terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar, serta pengaruh yang signifikan putaran mesin terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar. Kajian penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsumsi bahan bakar menggunakan variasi sudut pengapian 6ᴼ, 8ᴼ dan 10ᴼ pada motor (engine) Toyota Kijang Seri 4K. Hasil pengamatan dihasilkan bahwa laju konsumsi bahan bakar terendah, dihasilkan oleh sudut derajat pengapian yang dimajukan 2⁰ dari standar yaitu pada sudut derajat pengapian 10⁰.
Prototype Alat Penghiasap Asap Solder Menggunakan Sensor Kualitas Udara dan Filter Udara Berbasis IoT
Authors: Ariyanto Dian
Published: September 2023

Solder adalah salah satu alat pemanas yang digunakan untuk melelehkan tenol sehingga bisa digunakan untuk menghubungkan kaki komponen dengan PCB (printed circuit board) . Asap yang timbul saat menyolder memiliki kandungan timbal(Pb) hal ini dikarenakan tenol solder merupakan campuran dari 63% timah dan 36% timbal. Timbal (Pb) merupakan salah satu logam berat yang sangat berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia. Timbal menunjukan sifat beracun pada sistem syaraf, hemetologic, hemetotoxic dan mempengaruhi kerja ginjal. Oleh kerana itulah diperlukan suatu alat yang mampu menghisap asap hasil proses penyolderan dan memfilternya agar tidak berbahaya bagi tubuh. Pada proses pembuatan prototype alat ini melalui empat tahapan yaitu Studi literature, perancangan alat, pembuatan alat dan realisai alat. Perancangan prototype alat ini dibagi menjadi pembuatan box alat, sensor, kontroler dan filter udara. Pada bagian sensor alat ini menggunakan Nova PM Sensor SDS011dan MQ-7 CO (Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor). Pembacaan sensor akan diproses oleh ESP 32 yang kemudian ditampilkan pada layar LCD oled, led indikator serta dikirim melalui wi-fi ke aplikasi blynk sehingga data pembacaan kualitas udara dapat dilihat melalui smartphone. Hasil ujicoba prototype alat dengan 5 sampel tenol yang ada dipasaran didapatkan nilai kualitas udara saat proses penyolderan nilai rata-rata  Pm2.5 sebesar 825 µgram/m3  , nilai rata-rata Pm10 sebesar 523.8 µgram/m3 dan nilai rata-rata gas Co adalah 438.6 ppm. Setelah prototype alat digunakan nilai kualitas udara pada Pm 2.5 menjadi 9.73 µgram/m3, pm 10 menjadi 11.42 µgram/m3  dan nilai kandungan Gas Co menjadi 3.73 ppm sehingga prototype alat ini mampu bekerja dengan baik.
Uji Kinerja Instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS) Shimadzu 6650 F Terhadap Logam Fe, Zn pada Kegiatan Praktikum Kimia Anorganik di UPT Laboratorium Terpadu UNS
Authors: Sugito Sugito
Published: September 2023

Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom atau Atomic Absoprtion Spektrophotometer (AAS) adalah istrumen untuk melakukan analisa kandungan logam antara lain: Fe, Zn, Ag, Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, K, Co dan Na dimana dasar pengukurannya adalah pengukuran serapan sinar oleh suatu atom. Sinar yang tidak diserap diteruskan dan diubah menjadi sinar listrik yang terukur dan terjadi eksitasi atom. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui uji kinerja alat AAS Shimadzu 6650F terhadap pengujian kadar logam Fe dan Zn. Hal ini sangat penting karena berpengaruh besar terhadap keabsahan hasil pengukuran pada kegiatan praktikum kimia an-organik di Laboratorium Kimia UPT Lab Terpadu UNS. Kinerja yang akan diteliti antara lain linearitas, presisi, limit deteksi dan akurasi. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh linearitas (R2) untuk logam Fe sebesar 1,0000, untuk Zn dengan R2 sebesar 0,9999, sedangkan untuk presisi logam Fe 0,56 dan Zn 0,72. Besaran limit deteksi diperoleh nilai LOD untuk parameter uji logam Fe sebesar 0,01 dan logam Zn sebesar 0,005 dengan matrik aqua bidest, sedangkan akurasi yakni sebesar 2,51 % untuk logam Fe dan logam Zn sebesar 0,84 % bias
Pemanfaatan Asam Nitrat Sebagai Larutan Pelunak Organ Tumbuhan pada Metode Parafin
Authors: Faluti Arman
Published: September 2023

Metode parafin merupakan cara pembuatan preparat permanen dengan menggunakan parafin sebagai media embedding pada organ yang relatif berukuran kecil dan lunak yang diiris dengan ketebalan kurang lebih 6-8 mikron. Sampel yang keras seperti ranting perlu dilakukan proses pelunakan terlebih dahulu agar bagian organ tersebut dapat dipotong dengan mikrotom putar. Asam nitrat sudah digunakan pada beberapa penelitian diantaranya  untuk melunakkan tulang pipa tikus. Organ  ranting  Bougainvillea yang keras direndam dalam asam nitrat selama 24 jam pada berbagai konsentrasi. Tujuan penelitian menguji kemampuan asam nitrat pada berbagai konsentrasi dalam melunakkan organ ranting Bougainvillea serta mengevaluasi irisan dan hasil preparat. Tahapan dalam pembuatan preparat awetan metode parafin adalah: pengambilan organ, fiksasi, perlakuan perendaman asam nitrat selama 24 jam, pencucian (washing), dehidrasi, penjernihan (clearing), infiltrasi, embedding, pengirisan (sectioning), penempelan (affixing) dan pewarnaan (staining). Pita parafin pada perlakuan asam nitrat 0% hampir seluruh bagian preparat pecah, diikuti pada perlakuan 10% dan 15% masing-masing kurang dari setengah sampai seperempat bagian pecah, sedangkan pada perlakuan 20% preparat relatif utuh. Preparat yang sudah diwarnai dengan safranin 1% pada perlakuan perendaman asam nitrat 20% relatif utuh, hanya sebagian kecil (kurang dari 5%) pada bagian kulit kayu dan empulur tidak utuh. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini penggunaan asam nitrat 20% dapat digunakan untuk melunakkan ranting Bougainvillea pada metode parafin
Pengembangan Kinerja Tenaga Penggerak Alat Pengerol Plat Type RPX4006 untuk Meningkatkan Layanan Praktikum
Authors: Rusdi Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Pengembangan kinerja tenaga penggerak alat pengerol pelat pada Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Universitas Tadulako ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah dalam melakukan pekerjaan atau pada saat melakukan pengerolan, yang sebelumnya menggunakan tenaga penggerak manual (manusia) sebagai penggerak utamanya, sehingga membutuhkan tenaga yang tidak sedikit dalam pengoprasiannya. Oleh karenanya kami berinovasi untuk pengembangan menjadi alat atau mesin yang pengoprasiannya menggunakan tenaga penggerak yang berasal dari motor listrik. Hasil pengembangan yang diperoleh berupa spesifikasi alat sebagai berikut : panjang poros pada puli 300 mm, diameter puli penggerak yaitu 74 mm dengan diameter puli yang digerakkan sebesar 400 mm, jenis sabuk  yang digunakan yaitu sabuk-V dengan tipe B dengan ukuran B 64 sebanyak 2 buah dan B 67 juga sebanyak 2 buah, panjang rangka total 900 mm, dan motor penggerak yang digunakan adalah motor listrik tiga fasa dengan kapasitas daya 1 Hp dan putaran motor sebesar 1410 Rpm. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengembangan kinerja alat pengerol plat ini yaitu pengerolan secara manual dalam 4 jam dapat menghasilkan 67 lembar pelat, sedangkan jika pegerollan menggunakan alat pengeroll pelat menunakan mesin dalam 4 jam dapat menghasilkan 115 lembar pelat. diperoleh produktivitas kerja alat dibandingkan dengan pengerollan plat secara manual adalah sebesar 2 kali lebih produktif dan apabila dibandingkan dengan efisiensi waktu pengerollan secara manual selama 4 jam, jika menggunakan mesin diperoleh lama waktu selama 1,95 jam atau ± 2jam
The Impact of Workplace Ostracism Induced by Co-Worker Envy on Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Risgiyanti  , Suyono Joko , Harmadi  , Istiqomah Suryandari
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Main Objectives: Ostracism is a painful workplace experience that may influence employees' attitudes and behavior. This study aims to analyze how workplace ostracism impacts employees’ psychological empowerment and commitment through the co-worker envy mechanism. Background Problems: Previous studies mostly focused on ostracism and its effect on employees and organizations, and demonstrated inconsistency concerning the relationship between it and commitment. Novelty: The current study fills a gap, namely the inconsistencies of previous studies into the direct effect of workplace ostracism on organizational commitment. Research Methods: Data were collected from employees in the information and communication technology sectors in Indonesia. To collect the data, we used a self-report questionnaire to assess the employees’ perceived co-worker envy, perceived workplace ostracism, psychological empowerment, and commitment. Out of 499 online survey questionnaires filled out by the respondents, 201 responses met the criteria. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings/Results: The result indicates that co-worker envy positively influences workplace ostracism. The resulting workplace ostracism indirectly leads to lower commit­ment, via employee psychological empowerment as a mediator. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the study give additional and more substantial empirical evidence to the workplace ostracism literature.
The Role of Receiving Technology on Employee Performance: Job Satisfaction as Mediation
Authors: W. Jabid Abdullah , Syahdan Rinto , Fahri Johan , Buamonabot Irfandi
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Main Objectives: The development of information technology today has resulted in the acceptance of technology being strongly influenced by transformational leadership, system quality, and facilitating conditions, as well as how it can affect employee performance and job satisfaction. Background Problems: Research on how job satisfaction mediates the relationship between employee performance and acceptance still needs to be improved. This research discusses how transformational leadership, facilitating conditions, and system quality shape technology acceptance and employee performance, primarily determined by job satisfaction, especially the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between techno­logy acceptance and employee performance. Novelty: Inconsistencies both in theory and empirically making it necessary to re-test transformational leadership, system quality, and conditions that facilitate technology acceptance and analyze the effect of technology acceptance on employee performance through job satisfac­tion, both directly and indirectly, in a study of the Ternate City Government. Research Method: 117 respondents were involved in this study. The respondents were determined through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) version 3. Seven hypotheses were proposed in this study. Findings: The research findings indicate that system quality and facilitating conditions can predict technology acceptance and employee performance can predict job satisfaction. The results of this study confirm the indirect mediating function of job satisfaction in the relationship between technology acceptance and employee performance. Conclusion: The Municipal Government of Ternate must improve system information management and offer even better facilitating conditions for implementation to increase the acceptance of the technology.
Pengembangan Sistem Kelistrikan Tanah Merah Mempertimbangkan Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Emisi CO2
Authors: Amrisal Kamal Fajri  , Sarjiya  , Lesnanto Multa Putranto  , Adlan Bagus Pradana  , Fransisco Danang Wijaya
Published: September 2023

Sistem kelistrikan di wilayah Papua masih memiliki rasio elektrifikasi sebesar 94% dengan biaya pokok penyediaan (BPP) yang tinggi, yaitu Rp3.041/kWh. Selain itu, sistem kelistrikan yang ada masih terdiri atas banyak sistem kecil yang jumlahnya lebih dari seratus, dengan sebagian besar pembangkit berjenis diesel (pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel, PLTD). Salah satu sistem tersebut adalah wilayah Tanah Merah, yang memiliki populasi 19.136 jiwa dengan kebutuhan energi sebesar 6,89 GWh. Wilayah tersebut diproyeksikan akan mengalami pemekaran dan pertumbuhan populasi. Sebagai konsekuensinya, kebutuhan energi listrik akan meningkat. Oleh karena itu, perencanaan pengembangan sistem pembangkitan perlu dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik yang tumbuh. Perencanaan pada daerah terpencil lazimnya dilakukan untuk durasi jangka pendek, yaitu untuk tahun 2025 hingga 2030, melalui proses optimisasi dari beberapa kandidat pembangkit yang diusulkan. Kandidat pembangkit yang diusulkan mempertimbangkan ketersediaan energi primer setempat, suplai gas dan BBM, dan ketersediaan teknologi. Optimisasi akan meminimalkan jumlah biaya dari pembangkit yang akan dipilih yang memiliki atribut berupa biaya investasi, operasi, pemeliharaan, bahan bakar, dan nilai sisa aset pada durasi perencanaan. Dalam melakukan perencanaan, pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 29% dan proporsi bauran energi sebesar 23% perlu dipertimbangkan, sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, dua skenario yang meliputi aspek keekonomian dan lingkungan dipertimbangkan dalam proses simulasi, yaitu skenario business as usual (BaU) dan skenario nationally determined contributions (NDC) untuk pembatasan emisi. Optimisasi dikembangkan berdasarkan mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) yang dilakukan pada perangkat lunak HOMER. Hasil simulasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa BPP pembangkitan untuk skenario BaU lebih ekonomis jika dibandingkan dengan skenario NDC, yaitu sebesar Rp2.559,8/kWh berbanding Rp3.104,64/kWh.
Inverted Pendulum Control: A Comparative Study from Conventional Control to Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Ahmad Ataka  , Andreas Sandiwan  , Hilton Tnunay  , Dzuhri Radityo Utomo  , Adha Imam Cahyadi
Published: September 2023

The rise of deep reinforcement learning in recent years has led to its usage in solving various challenging problems, such as chess and Go games. However, despite its recent success in solving highly complex problems, a question arises on whether this class of method is best employed to solve control problems in general, such as driverless cars, mobile robot control, or industrial manipulator control. This paper presents a comparative study between various classes of control algorithms and reinforcement learning in controlling an inverted pendulum system to evaluate the performance of reinforcement learning in a control problem. A test was performed to test the performance of root locus-based control, state compensator control, proportional-derivative (PD) control, and a reinforcement learning method, namely the proximal policy optimization (PPO), to control an inverted pendulum on a cart. The performances of the transient responses (such as overshoot, peak time, and settling time) and the steady-state responses (namely steady-state error and the total energy) were compared. It is found that when given a sufficient amount of training, the reinforcement learning algorithm was able to produce a comparable solution to its control algorithm counterparts despite not knowing anything about the system’s properties. Therefore, it is best used to control plants with little to no information regarding the model where testing a particular policy is easy and safe. It is also recommended for a system with a clear objective function.
Prediction of the Sea Level from the PUMMA System Using SARIMA
Authors: Irfan Asfy Fakhry Anto  , Oka Mahendra  , Purnomo Husnul Khotimah  , Semeidi Husrin
Published: September 2023

The rising sea levels can threaten millions of people residing along the coast or lowlands. The risk can be mitigated by the sea-level prediction done by collecting information on the likelihood of rising sea levels. The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia has developed Perangkat Ukur Murah untuk Muka Air Laut (Inexpensive Device for Sea Level Measurement, PUMMA) to measure sea levels. PUMMA is located in remote monitoring stations based on Indonesian maritime area. The PUMMA system currently lacks a prediction feature. This objective of this study is to model the sea-level prediction using the dataset for one year, from July 2021 until July 2022. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) method was used because SARIMA proved to be a flexible and versatile method for a dataset having noncomplex nature and seasonal patterns. This study has developed several models of the SARIMA. The model performance was evaluated using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), R-squared, mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. The SARIMA(1, 1, 0)(1, 1, 1)12 model achieved the lowest prediction error with an R-squared of 0.508, MSE of 0.0479, and RMSE of 0.069. Based on the performance, SARIMA(1, 1, 0)(1, 1, 1)12 model is feasible for predicting sea levels using the PUMMA dataset.
Differentiating Instruction in a Mathematics Classroom: Its Effects on Basic 7 Learners’ Academic Performance and Engagement in Common Fraction
Authors: Padmore Edward Abatanie , Letsa-Agbozo Joseph Kafui , Susuoroka Gabina , Kwakye Dennis Offei
Published: September 2023

Differentiated instruction is a method that can be utilised to help learners with different characteristics master mathematics in every area covered. In this paper, a pre-test and post-test quasi-experiment design was used. The participants in this study were 83 students chosen at random from basic 7. This includes 41 students in the experimental group and 42 students in the control group at St Andrew’s Junior High School in Wa, Ghana’s Upper West Region. The learners were thoroughly matched based on their learning styles and numerous intelligences. The pre-test was used to assess learners’ academic performance prior to the intervention, and the post-test was used to see if there was a difference in the effect of differentiated instruction versus non-differentiated instruction between the control and experimental groups. The study looked into common fractions, specifically converting improper fractions to common fractions, converting mixed fractions to improper fractions, and solving problems requiring fraction addition and subtraction. According to the findings of the study, learners in the experimental group had interactive, analytic, and introspective learning styles. The experimental group has (differentiated class) and the control group’s (non-differentiated class) pre-test mathematical achievement was comparable to “low”, however, their critical thinking skills were “unreflective”. Post-test results, on the other hand, show that the experimental group (differentiated class) has “high” mathematics achievement and “developing” critical thinking skills, whereas the control group (non-differentiated class) has “average” post-test mathematics achievement and “developed” critical thinking skills. The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of pre-test and post-test mean improvements in mathematics achievement and critical thinking skills. As a result, the article recommended that practitioners understand the components of differentiation in order to develop lessons that meet the requirements of all learners. Mathematics facilitators must attend workshops and seminars on a regular basis to keep their knowledge and abilities in differentiated instruction up to date.
Cognitive Psychology in Artificial Intelligence —Three Levels of Conscious Processing
Authors: Wang Qing
Published: September 2023

In this paper, from the perspective of the intersection of cognitive psychology and the field of artificial intelligence, we present the three levels of conscious processing proposed by Dehaene et al. They are unconscious processing (C0), consciousness in the first sense (C1)-global availability, consciousness in the second sense (C2)-self-monitoring. The paper also cites an empirical evidence for the intersection of the two fields and summarizes some researchers’ questions about whether the two can intersect.
CHEILOSCOPY: STUDY OF PATTERN OF LIP PRINTS AMONG MBBS STUDENTS
Authors: MERRY PAL KAUR CHAWLA  , KULDIP KUMAR  , GAURAV AGNIHOTRI  , JASPINDER PRATAP SINGH  , AASHISH SHARMA  , NEHA CHAUDHARY
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to classify and evaluate the patterns of lip prints and their variations in adult population.
Methods: The study was conducted on 200 MBBS students of age group of 18–23 years at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Amritsar, including 100 males and 100 females. Lip color was applied on lips, and lip prints were taken using a strip of cellophane tape on its glued portion. Data thus obtained were compiled, scrutinized, and analyzed to find different patterns. Lip prints of each subject were divided into four quadrants and recognized as per Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s Classification.
Results: The most common type of lip print pattern among 200 subjects was found to be Type III 28.37% cases, which was followed by Type I 19.75% cases, this was followed by Type I’ and Type IV 16.25% cases each. Type II was in 14.87% cases. The least common type of lip print pattern was found to be Type V in 4.5% cases.
Conclusion: The study concluded type III to be the most predominant pattern overall in the study population. There was no gender differentiation seen with respect to both sexes as the type III pattern was found most prevalent in both females and males.