bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Dominant Runoff Controls Using Hydrologically Informed Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Viraj Vidura , Chadalawada Jayashree , Babovic Vladan
Published: October 2021

Relative dominance of the runoff controls, such as topography, geology, soil types, land use, and climate, may differ from catchment to catchment due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of landscape properties and climate variables. Understanding dominant runoff controls is an essential task in developing unified hydrological theories at the catchment scale. Semi-distributed rainfall-runoff models are often used to identify dominant runoff controls for a catchment of interest. In most such applications, the model selection is based on either expert's judgement or experimental and fieldwork insights. Model selection is the most important step in any hydrological modelling exercise as the findings are largely influenced by the selected model. Hence, a subjective model selection without sufficient expert's knowledge or experimental insights may result in biased findings, especially for comparative studies like identification of dominant runoff controls. In this study, we use a physics informed machine learning toolbox based on genetic programming Machine Induction Knowledge Augmented - System Hydrologique Asiatique (MIKA-SHA) to identify the relative dominance of runoff controls. We find the quantitative and automated approach based on MIKA-SHA to be highly appropriate for the intended task. MIKA-SHA does not require explicit user selections and relies on data and fundamental hydrological processes. The approach is tested using the Rappahannock River basin at Remington, Virginia, United States. Two rainfall-runoff models are learnt to represent the runoff dynamics of the catchment using topography-based and soil-type-based hydrologic response units independently. Based on prediction capabilities, in this case, the topography is identified as the dominant runoff driver.
Optical Logic Gates Using A Graphene Clad Two Surface Plasmonic Polariton Mode Coupler for Optical Processor
Authors: Sahu Partha Pratim
Published: October 2021

An optical pulse controlled 2x2 two mode interference (OTMI) coupler having silicon core surrounded by Graphene clad has been introduced as fundamental gates of optical processing. Considering strong light –matter interactions and nonlinear optical property of graphene, we have shown coupling characteristics depending on additional phase change between the excited surface plasmon polariton modes propagating through the silicon core. By applying optical pulse energy of 0.82 pJ and width of 4 ps on graphene clad, the NOT, AND, and OR logic gates are demonstrated. The coupling length of the proposed device is ~ 3.2 times less than that of already reported optical device based on SPP modes. Our results promise to obtain the development of integrated of optical processor with high speed, compact and low power optical logic gates having high fabrication tolerance.
Influence of Physician`s Lifestyle on the Prescription of Healthy Habits to Breast Cancer Patients (LACOG 1218)
Authors: Cangussú Renata Costa , Mascarenhas Eldsamira , Rebelatto Taiane Francieli , Zaffaroni Facundo , de Jesus Rafaela Gomes , Filho Paulo Ricardo Nunes , Werutsky Gustavo
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Healthy lifestyle is capable of positively modifying the survival of breast cancer(BC) patients. We aimed to evaluate how physician’s lifestyle influences on the prescription of healthy habits to BC patients.METHODS An online questionnaire to evaluate physician lifestyle and prescription of healthy habits to BC patients was developed and circulated by e-mail to physicians dedicated to treat BC patients. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis assessed which factors of physician lifestyle could influence on prescription of healthy habits.RESULTSA total of 267 physicians answered the questionnaire from October to November 2018. In terms of physician lifestyle, 228(85.4%) had healthy eating habits and 236(88.4%) practiced physical activity. Overall, 84.3% of the physicians advised their BC patients on the importance of lifestyle modification. Physicians who did not exercise regularly have a higher chance of not advising for health lifestyle (RR 2.48; p=0.0265) as opposite to physicians ≥50 years-old (RR 0.37; p=0.0118). Obesity treatment and management was performed by 45.3% of physicians. Being a breast surgeon (RR 1.29; p=0.0025) or radiation oncologists (RR 1.82; p=0.0025) were associated with not performing obesity treatment and management. About 53.4% of physicians referred overweight or obese patients to a dietitian and/or endocrinologist. Male gender (RR 1.35; p=0.0296), breast surgeons (RR 1.99; p=0.0001) and clinical practice in public health system (RR 1.53; p=0.0012) were associated with not referring as opposed to physicians ≥50 years-old (RR 0.46; p=0.0005).CONCLUSIONIn general physicians treating BC patients have a healthy lifestyle. Only half of BC patients’ physicians treat obesity or refer these patients to specialist which in this case may impact BC patient’s outcome.
Presentation of Chemotherapy Options in Cachexia in the Literature: A Scientometric Evaluation
Authors: Cao Mingnan , Wu Jingxuan , Wang Li , Dong Ruihua , Zhao Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Background: Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and symptoms such as fatigue and anorexia. The primary aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the research trends and hotspots on chemotherapy options in cachexia.Methods: A scientometric analysis was carried out according to the Science Citation Index-Expended database in the Web of Science. By utilizing bibliometric software, the performance of the total articles was covered from records, authors and affiliations, journals and research categories, to burst references, citation relationship network, and the keywords co-occurrence overlay visualization.Results: A total of 1,111 articles were retrieved. The United States occupied the top position both on the total outputs and the cooperation with other countries. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle had the highest impact factor and the most publications. Eight main groups were clustered by the similarity of the research topic. Ongoing weight loss has been the main bottleneck either in mechanistic research or therapeutic trials. In addition to nutritional supplements, the major options for pharmacological therapy were progestational agents, such as megestrol acetate and corticosteroids. ‘Computed tomography’ and strategies dealing with ‘skeletal muscle mass’, ‘muscle mass’, ‘sarcopenia’ and ‘muscle atrophy’ might be the breakthrough for the future diagnosis and treatment of cachexia.Conclusions: We considered the publication information by summarizing the literature on the pharmacological treatment of cachexia. In summary, this study provides novel and useful data for related scientific research and will help researchers explore cachexia chemotherapy options more intuitively and effectively.
Excision of breast fibroepithelial lesions - when is it still necessary?: a 10-year review of a regional centre
Authors: Mousadoust Dorsa , Dingee Carol , Chen Leo , Bazzarelli Amy , Kuusk Urve , Pao Jin-Si , Warburton Rebecca , McKevitt Elaine
Published: October 2021

PurposeFibroepithelial lesions (FEL) range from benign fibroadenoma (FA) to malignant phyllodes tumor (PT), but can be difficult to diagnose on core needle biopsy (CNB). This study assesses risk factors for phyllodes tumor (PT) and recurrence and whether the policy to excise FELs over 3 cm in size is justified. MethodsPatients having surgery for FELs from 2009-2018 were identified. The association of clinical, radiology and pathological features with PT and recurrence were evaluated. Trend analysis was used to assess risk of PT based on imaging size. ResultsOf the 616 patients with FELs, 400 were identified as having FA on CNB and 216 were identified as having FEL with a comment of concern for phyllodes tumor (QPT). PT was identified in 107 cases, 28 had CNB of FA (7.0%) while 79 had QPT (36.6%). Follow-up was available for 86 with a mean of 56 months; 6 patients had recurrence of PT, all of whom had QPT on CNB. The finding of PT was associated with CNB of QPT, increasing age and size on multivariate logistic regression. All patients diagnosed with PT following CNB of FA had enlarging lesions with a mean size of 38.3 mm. ConclusionsOur data does not support routine excision of FELs at 3 cm. Patients with QPT on CNB should consider excision due to high risk of PT and recurrence and the decision to excise FAs to rule out PT should also consider whether the lesion is enlarging.
Mitigation of Cadmium Uptake in Cocoa: Efficacy of Soil Application Methods of Lime and Biochar
Authors: Ramtahal Gideon , Umaharan Pathmanathan , Davis Carisa , Roberts Corey , Hanuman Anand , Ali Leon
Published: October 2021

Although mitigation approaches have been developed to reduce Cd in cocoa beans the efficacy of the approaches have been inadequate to make them economically viable. A field study was conducted in a cocoa farm in Biche, Trinidad using two soil amendments, lime and biochar, at recommended rates using three methods of application, soil surface application with incorporation (SA), soil injection (SI) or deep placement using an auger (AA) along with a control. The objective was to determine the application method that would be most efficacious with respect to rapidity of effect, magnitude of reduction and persistency of effect on leaf Cd. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications with 15 trees per replication. Phytoavailable soil Cd, soil pH, CEC and total leaf Cd concentration were monitored monthly on three guarded trees per plot over a one-year period. The results showed that both lime and biochar were effective in reducing leaf cadmium levels albeit at different levels. The efficacy of SI was significantly better than SA in terms of rapidity of the effect on leaf Cd in comparison to the control (40% compared to 30%) as well as the effect was more persistent in SI. With biochar, again the SI was significantly better than SA with regards to reducing leaf Cd levels in comparison to the control (35% compared to 20%) but the time taken to action and the persistency were lower compared to lime application. AA did not significantly reduce Cd level in the leaf with lime or biochar application.
Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases are Required for the Potentiating Effect of Glucocorticoid Exposure in the Rat Hippocampal Synapse
Authors: Udeh-Momoh Chinedu T , Yi Jee-Hyun , Piers Thomas , Waite Eleanor , Whitehead Garry , Whitcomb Daniel , Lightman Stafford L , Cho Kwangwook K , Conway-Campbell Becky L
Published: October 2021

Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory and regulated by the functions of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors. Glucocorticoids have been shown to augment synaptic potentiation processes during stress, however the underlying mechanisms have not been fully described. In this study, we have investigated the role of the Adenylyl cyclases in glucocorticoid enhancement of synaptic potentiation. We report that stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion augments phosphorylation and postsynaptic localisation of GluA1. These effects were reproduced in adrenalectomised rats treated with a stress-equivalent dose of corticosterone; and blocked by pre-treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU-486. Selective pharmacological inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity with SQ22536 ablated the glucocorticoid-induced increase in phosphorylated GluA1, and reversed glucocorticoid-dependent LTP enhancement. Glucocorticoid exposure also induced induce a rapid increase in translation of hippocampal adenylyl cyclases 1 and 8, indicating a further potential role in mediating the longer-term consequences of stress. These data support a key role for adenylyl cyclases in facilitating the modulatory actions of glucocorticoid hormones on AMPA receptor regulation of learning and memory; initially as an acute mediator of the hormonally induced stress increase in LTP, then potentially in mediating adaptive changes for subsequent stress effects.
Recop: Fine-grained Opinions and Collaborative Filtering based Recommender System for Industry 5.0
Authors: Bathla Gourav , Singh Pardeep , Kumar Sunil , Verma Madhushi , Garg Deepak , Kotecha Ketan
Published: October 2021

In the futuristic Industry framework, user interactions with the product are seamlessly integrated with the product life cycle. A recommender system can be considered as an information filtering tool that provides suggestions to users about products, music, friend, topic, etc. This suggestion is based on the interest of users. Several research works have been carried out to improve recommendation accuracy by using matrix factorization, trust-based, hybrid-based, machine learning, and deep learning techniques. However, very few existing works have leveraged textual opinions for the recommendation to the best of our knowledge. Existing research works have focused only on numerical ratings, which do not reflect actual user behaviour. In this research work, sentiments of textual opinions are analyzed for an in-depth analysis of users' behaviour. Furthermore, Natural Language Processing techniques such as lemmatization, stemming, stop-word removal, Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging are applied to textual opinions. Recommendation accuracy is improved by using the proposed score Recop calculated from opinion sentiments. Furthermore, the sparsity issue is resolved by using our proposed approach. Amazon and Yelp review datasets are used for Experiment analysis. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values are improved significantly using the proposed approach compared to the existing approaches. MAE and RMSE scores on the Yelp dataset are 0.85 and 1.51, respectively. Additionally, MAE and RMSE scores on the Amazon dataset are 0.66 and 0.93, respectively, significantly contributing to our proposed approach.
Performance Evaluation of Junctionless FinFET using Spacer Engineering at 15nm gate Length
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Gill Sandeep Singh , Kaur Prabhjot
Published: October 2021

In this proposed work, performance of junctionless transistor with the use of spacers has been evaluated at 15nm gate length in Cogenda TCAD tool. This work is implemented as variation in four parts: changing the spacer extension length, placement of spacers having dual-κ, proportion of low and high-κ spacers, and value of high-κ dielectric constant. Impact of all these parameters is considered on the output of proposed device in terms of various output parameters like on-current (ION), off-current (IOFF), subthreshold swing (SS), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), transconductance (gm), transconductance generation factor (TGF), output conductance (gd), early voltage (Vea) and intrinsic gain (Av). From the simulations, it has been observed that placing spacers of dual-κ along the left and right sides of gate region has improved device performance in terms of output parameters. Due to increased gate capacitances, the increase in dielectric constant value has degraded the device performance for longer spacer extension length. However, for shorter spacer extension length, the device characteristics are improved as the value of dielectric constant is increased. Therefore a trade-off is required to get the optimum results of the device.
Correlated Damage Probabilities of Bridges In Seismic Risk Assessment of Transportation Networks
Authors: Borzoo Shahin , Bastami Morteza , Fallah Afshin , Garakaninezhad Alireza , Abbasnejadfard Morteza
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to identify and use a logistic regression approach to model the spatial correlation of damage probabilities in expanded transportation networks. This paper uses Bayesian theory and the multinomial logistic model to analyze the different damage states and damage probabilities of bridges by considering the damage correlation. The correlation of the damage probabilities is considered both in different bridges of a network and in the different damage states of each bridge. The correlation model of the damage probabilities is considered in the seismic assessment of a part of the Tehran transportation network with 26 bridges. Moreover, the extra daily traffic time (EDTT) is selected as an operational parameter of the transportation network, and the shortest path algorithm is considered to select the path between two nodes. The results show that including the correlation of the damage probabilities decreases the travel time of the selected network. The average decreasing in the correlated case compared to the uncorrelated case, using two selected EDTT models are 53% and 71%, respectively.
Boosting the surface conduction in a topological insulator
Authors: Taupin Mathieu , Eguchi Gaku , Budnowski Monika , Steiger-Thirsfeld Andreas , Ishida Yukiaki , Kuroda Kenta , Shin Shik , Kimura Akio , Paschen Silke
Published: October 2021

The protected surface conduction of topological insulators is in high demand for the next generation of electronic devices. What is needed to move forward are robust settings where topological surface currents can be controlled by simple means, ideally by the application of external stimuli. Surprisingly, this direction is only little explored and the role of topological states in such processes has remained obscure. In this work we demonstrate that we can boost the surface conduction of a topological insulator by light and/or electric field. This happens in a fully controlled way, and the additional Dirac carriers exhibit ultra-long live times. We provide a comprehensive understanding—carriers injection from the bulk to the surface states across an intrinsic Schottky barrier—and expect this mechanism to be at play in a broad range of materials and experimental settings.
Rationale and Design of Different Self-care Models for Adults With Heart Failure: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Mingzhi , Dai Hengheng , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Ying , Zhang Xuecheng , Wan Siqi , Guan Zhiyue , Liu Yan , Shang Hongcai
Published: October 2021

Background: Active self-care improves quality of life, lowers hospital readmission risks, and decreases mortality from heart failure. Different self-care intervention models for these patients involve a variety of care contributions from healthcare professionals and caregivers, and little is known about which self-care intervention model is the most effective.Methods: We will search the MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase and PsycINFO databases from January, 2000 to April, 2021. The gray literature will also be searched to ensure randomized controlled trials are included as comprehensively as possible. Summary standardized mean differences and 95% credible intervals will be calculated via Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be evaluated, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Discussion: This network meta-analysis will analyze outcomes including quality of life, healthcare use, readmission rate, and mortality to identify the most effective intervention model.Impact: We will analyze self-care interventions and determine which is most effective through this meta‐analysis.Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42021253179
Attenuated Function of Angiotensin-(1-7) in Placental Artery During Preeclampsia not through MAS1 Receptor
Authors: Lu Likui , Shi Yajun , Zhu Dan , Liu Jingliu , Zhang Tiantian , Li Weisheng , Zhang Mengshu , Guo Huimin , Han Bing , Gao Qinqin , Chen Youguo , Xia Fei , He Qi , Li Min , Sun Miao
Published: October 2021

Background: As a counter-regulatory component of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), the angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] plays a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between Ang-(1–7) and preeclampsia in humans is unclear. Methods: Experiments were conducted in the placentas and peripheral blood collected from 32 women with normal pregnancy and 20 women with preeclampsia.Results: The vasocontractions induced by Ang II were significantly inhibited by Ang-(1-7) in the normal placental artery (P<0.001) but not in the preeclampsia group. Treatment with A779 (MAS1R inhibitor) and PD (AT2R inhibitor) could not block the inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that the mRNA levels of AT1R was significantly decreased (P<0.001) in preeclamptic group. In Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining experiment, the placental artery in preeclamptic group were with a greater wall thickness and a smaller luminal area than those in normal group. In addition, as the consequence of the activation of β-arrestin pathway, the phosphorylation level of ERK protein was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the nucleus and significantly increased (P<0.05) in the cytoplasm of placental vascular tissue in preeclamptic group. Discussion: Together, these data indicated that Ang-(1-7) antagonizes the function of Ang II in placenta vessels of normal pregnant women, but this effect is obviously eliminated in preeclampsia. Treatment with A779 and PD indicated that Ang-(1-7) may not exert its effect through MAS1R and AT2R. Persistent activation of the β-arrestin pathway and the weaken function of Ang-(1-7) in placental artery might contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Job Satisfaction Scores of Lebanese and Jordanian Nephrologists and Their Association with Age, Gender, Workload and Income
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Breiteh Nour , Kassak Kassem
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: The main challenges that nephrologists are facing worldwide are lower income, dissatisfactory payment models, long work hours and burnout. This study aimed to identify factors associated with nephrologists' satisfaction in Lebanon and Jordan. METHODS: A survey was sent to Lebanese and Jordanian nephrologists about demographics, job satisfaction (5-Likert scale), workload and reimbursement. RESULTS: Sixty-seven nephrologists responded, 59 were complete. Mean age was 46.9 ±12.5 years, 39% women. Mean total job satisfaction score was 3.39±0.45. Respondents reported low rates of satisfaction towards job opportunities (20%), income (25%) and administrative support (32%) and high satisfaction rates in relationship with patients (78%) and colleagues (73%). 62.7% of respondents were paid fee for service and income was significantly higher among males (p<0.001). Lebanese nephrologists had payment delays of 12 months and it was significantly associated with lower work-life balance (p=0.038). 61% of respondents worked > 30 hours weekly and 22% followed > 40 dialysis patients. Using regression analysis, older age, working > 10 hours per week and monthly income > 5000 US$ were significantly associated with higher total job satisfaction score (p= 0.002, 0.004 and 0.028 respectively). Satisfaction towards income was significantly lower among females (p < 0.024). Finally, gender discrimination was significantly perceived by women (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Younger age, less workload, lower income and payment delays are associated with dissatisfaction among the surveyed nephrologists. Gender differences are significant with lower satisfaction among women. Decision makers need to address payment delays, support women and regulate students' entry to nephrology programs to avoid unemployment.
Meditation Programs for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Manxue , Jiang Min , Li Zunjiang , Zhu Wei , Song Jianping
Published: October 2021

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is intimately linked to chronic stress. Meditation programs belong to mind-body therapies, which could benefit patients’ disease management. Though some clinical trials have proved that meditation programs have the ability to improve level of blood glucose, quality of life, body mass index and blood indexes related to metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the efficacy of meditation programs needs further confirmation. Thus, we will conduct this systematic evaluation and meta-analysis to summarize and analyze all the results included to obtain reliable evidence.MethodWe will search several English and Chinese databases for relevant clinical trials published up to July 2021, and randomized controlled trials or controlled trials among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus are included. Two reviewers will extract data and assess the quality of included studies independently. The main outcomes of this research are glycosylated hemoglobin level and fasting blood glucose level. The secondary outcomes are high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, remission of depression and anxiety, and quality of life. Stata v.14.0 and Review Manager V5.3 will be used to synthesize and analyze all data included.DiscussionThis systematic review is the first to analyze the efficacy of different types of meditation for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could provide evidence for the use of mediation programs as non-drug approaches. Lack of enough randomized controlled trials is the main limitation of this protocol. So, we will gradually finish this protocol in the future and reduce the risk of bias.Registrationhttps://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0008. NO. 2021100008.
Imported Cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Cuba, 2017: Role of Human Movement.
Authors: Monzote Lianet , González Daniel , Blanco Orestes , Fraga Jorge , Capó Virginia , Herrera Alberto , Montalvo Ana Margarita
Published: October 2021

Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by several species from genus Leishmania. An increase in the number of cases related to human movement has been informed in the last years. Due to the increase of suspicious leishmaniasis cases arriving in Cuba during 2017, an general analysis is presented herein. Methods: Clinical samples were collected from 5 patients suspicious of leishmaniasis, received from January to December 2017 at the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Cuba. Skin lesion samples were analyzed using different diagnostic assays: direct smear, histological examination, and molecular analysis for species identification. Epidemiological and demographic data were requested from each case and analyzed. Treatment and follow up of patient was also performed.Results: Five cases were confirmed as Leishmania infection according to microscopic observation and molecular methods results. PCR-18S, PCR-N/RFLP and PCR-F/RFLP identified the following species: L. panamensis (2 cases), L. braziliensis (1 case), L.panamensis/L.guyanensis (1 case), L. mexicana complex (1 case). In treated patients, drugs were well tolerated, cure were documented and no relapse have been currently reported (3 years later).Conclusions: Clinical characteristics, demographic data, and epidemiological features of infection for each case evidence the potential risk related with travel to endemic areas of leishmaniasis.
Prognostic value of combining c-reactive protein and quick sequential organ failure assessment for adult inpatients: A systematic review
Authors: Zacharakis Alexandra , Ackermann Khalia , Hughes Clifford , Lam Vincent , Li Ling
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the prognostic performance of combining the biomarker c-reactive protein (CRP) with the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) bedside tool on mortality prediction in adult inpatients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINAHL, Open Grey, Grey Literature Report, and the Clinical Trials registry. Title, abstract, and full text screening were performed by two independent reviewers using pre-determined eligibility criteria. The eligibility criteria were (i) original research, (ii) adult populations, (iii) a comparison between qSOFA and qSOFA combined with CRP, and (iv) set in a hospital environment. The same two reviewers independently extracted data into a pre-designed form and performed a risk of bias assessment using the Quality Assessment tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 (QUADAS-2). Disagreements were settled through discussion and a third reviewer was consulted if necessary. Our primary outcome is mortality.ResultsThree retrospective studies with a total of 1521 patients were included in the review. Adding CRP to qSOFA improved the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) value in all three studies by 3-10%. In the two studies with available data, the addition of CRP improved the sensitivity of qSOFA for mortality risk stratification by 43% and 71%, while decreasing the specificity by 12% and 7% respectively. The cut-off values of CRP ranged from 60 to 128.8mg/L across the three studies. A meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity across studies and the small sample size.ConclusionsThis comprehensive review provides initial evidence that combining CRP with qSOFA could improve the prognostic performance of qSOFA alone in identifying patients at risk of dying in hospital. The combined tool demonstrates potential to improve patient outcomes, especially in low resource settings. The review also reveals research gaps in this area.RegistrationPROSPERO registration No. CRD42020190973
Environmental Management System for Small Business
Authors: Lima Suany Nayra Rodrigues , Monteiro Nathalie Barbosa Reis , Neto José Machado Moita , Silva Elaine Aparecida da
Published: October 2021

The upholstery remanufacturing service is an activity that provides for the sale of products that contain reused items, extending their lifespan. The objective of this study is to propose a simple and feasible Environmental Management System (EMS) for small businesses, particularly, for the upholstery company sector. The implementation of the existing EMS standards is hampered by the lack of elements in the upholstery companies. Thus, the implementation of an EMS is still far from the reality of these small enterprises. Visits were made to twenty-eight upholstery companies in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, to get to know the sector and accompany the production process, as well as observing the activity's environmental aspects. The EMS standards do not meet the needs of small businesses, however, it is possible to outline a minimum set of procedures for improving the enterprise’ sustainability, such as the environmental organization, employees training, reducing material losses, using Personal Protective Equipment, the adequate destination of residues, allowing the reuse of materials wasted in the process, among others. The results provide subsidies for application to small companies in Brazil and other parts of the world, once there is a low incidence of scientific work with this bias.
Semi-Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Pyrimidine, Thiazole, and Indole Analogues of Argentatins A–C from Guayule (Parthenium Argentatum) Resin
Authors: Madasu Chandrashekhar , Xu Ya-Ming , Wijeratne E. M. Kithsiri , Liu Manping X. , Molnár István , GUNATILAKA Leslie
Published: October 2021

Argentatins A–C (1–3), the major cycloartane-type triterpenoids of guayule resin, a byproduct of commercial rubber production, were converted into their pyrimidine (7–12), thiazole (13–15), and indole (16–18) analogues by a molecular hybridization approach. The cytotoxic activities of these fused heterocyclic analogues 7–18 were compared with those of argentatins A–C (1–3) against a panel of three sentinel human cancer cell lines [NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and SF-268 (central nervous system glioma)], and normal human fibroblast (WI-38) cells. The cytotoxicity data suggest that the pyrimidine analogues 7 and 8 (derived from 1), 9 and 10 (derived from 2), and 12 (derived from 3 ) had significantly enhanced activity compared to the parent compounds or their thiazole (13–15) and indole (16–18) analogues. These findings indicate that triterpenoid constituents of guayule resin may be exploited to obtain value-added products with potential applications in anticancer drug discovery.
Bdh1-Mediated βOHB Metabolism Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidative Pathway
Authors: Wan Sheng-rong , Teng Fang-yuan , Fan Wei , Li Xin-yue , Xu Bu-tuo , Tan Xiao-zhen , Guo Man , Gao Chen-lin , Jiang Zong-zhe , Xu Yong
Published: October 2021

Ketogenic diet (KD) and β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) has been widely reported as an effective therapy for metabolic diseases. β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (Bdh1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone metabolism. In this study, we investigated the Bdh1-mediated βOHB metabolic pathway in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Human renal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) induced by high glucose (HG) or palmitic acid (PA) were used to transfect with Bdh1 siRNA or plasmid-flag-Bdh1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, nuclear factor red 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression, and βOHB-acetoacetate (AcAc)-succinate-fumarate metabolic flux were detected. Five-week-old C57 BKS db/db obese diabetic mice (db/db) and their littermate controls (+/+) were treated with KD, βOHB, and adeno-associated virus (AAV9)-Bdh1, respectively. Renal function was determined by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and histopathological, immunohistochemistry (IHC), TUNEL staining of kidney were also performed. The renal expression of Bdh1 was down-regulated in DKD mouse models, diabetic patients and HG or PA induced HK-2 cells. Bdh1 overexpression or βOHB treatment protected HK-2 cells from glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity by inhibiting ROS overproduction. Mechanistically, Bdh1-mediated βOHB metabolism activated Nrf2 through enhancement of metabolic flux composed of βOHB-acetoacetate-succinate-fumarate. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that AAV9-mediated Bdh1 renal expression successfully reversed the fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis in kidneys from C57 BKS db/db mice. Notably, either βOHB supplementation or KD feeding could elevate the renal expression of Bdh1 and reverse the progression of DKD. Our results revealed a Bdh1-mediated molecular mechanism in pathogenesis of DKD and identified Bdh1 as a potential therapeutic target for DKD.
Quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) Screening Confirms Babesia Bovis Infections in Cattle in Kenya
Authors: Githaka Naftaly W. , Bishop Richard P. , Šlapeta Jan , Emery David , Nguu Edward K. , Kanduma Esther G.
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAmong protozoan parasites in the genus Babesia, Babesia bigemina is endemic and widespread in the East African region while the status of the more pathogenic Babesia bovis remains unclear despite the presence of the tick vector, Rhipicephalus microplus which transmits both species. Recent studies have confirmed the occurrence of R. microplus in coastal Kenya and although B. bovis DNA has previously been detected in cattle blood in Kenya, no surveillance has been done to establish its prevalence. This study therefore investigated the occurrence of B. bovis in cattle in Kwale County, Kenya, where R. microplus is present in large numbers. MethodA quantitative species-specific multiplex Taqman PCR assay targeting two Babesia bovis genes, 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome b and Babesia bigemina cytochrome b gene was used to screen 506 cattle blood DNA samples collected from Kwale County for presence of Babesia parasite DNA. ResultsA total of 131 animals (25.8%) were found to have bovine babesiosis. Of these, 87 (17.2%) were positive for B. bovis while 70 (13.8%) had B. bigemina while 26 (5.1%) were observed to be co-infected with both Babesia species. A total of 61 animals (12.1%) were found to be infected with B. bovis parasites only, while 44 animals (8.7%) had B. bigemina only. B. bovis infections were detected in 11 sites while B. bigemina was detected in 9 out of the 12 sites sampled in three Kwale sub-Counties.ConclusionThese findings reveal high prevalence of pathogenic B. bovis in a Kenyan area cutting across a busy transboundary livestock trade route with neighboring Tanzania. The Babesia multiplex assay used in this study is specific and can detect and differentiate the two Babesia species and should be used for routine B. bovis surveillance to monitor the spread and establishment of the pathogen in other African countries where B. bigemina is endemic. Moreover, these findings reveal a potential threat of fatal babesiosis in the absence of endemic stability in the local cattle populations.
Vegetation and Water of Some Spring-Wells of Po Valley (Northern Italy): Ecological Features and Management Proposals
Authors: Giupponia Luca , Borgonovo Gigliola , Zuccolo Marco , Leoni Valeria , Bischetti Gian Battista
Published: October 2021

Spring-wells (lowland springs, “fontanili”) are elements of Po Valley (Northern Italy) with ecological and historical importance: they provide water at a relatively constant temperature, generating unique ecosystems dependent on the groundwater outflow. Despite their importance, they are endangered by degradation processes as the expansion of urban areas and/or the intensification of agriculture, very marked in Po Valley. This research describes four spring-wells of Po Valley from a botanical and ecological perspective through phytosociological relevés and different ecological indexes. Water chemical-physical features are also considered (pH, temperature and ammonium ion, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, chloride and organic matters contents). Plant communities of the spring-well beds shows a low number of species (5.8 ± 2.9) but also no exotic species while the vegetation of the banks has a high number of species (32.4 ± 9.8) but several of them are exotic/ornamental, with a low ecological value of the Ecological Index of Maturity (EIM = 4.4 ± 1.5) indicating disturbances, however moderate compared to the surrounding corn fields (EIM = 0.002 ± 0.001). All the water samples has high ammonium content (>0.50 ppm), the water of the spring-well B results the most polluted and both algae and Callitriche obtusangula (rare native species) grow largely in it, while spring-well C has less phosphates and more nitrite and is marked by the abundance of Equisetum telmateia. Exotic but historically important species as Morus alba were considered in the discussion, where management proposals to protect and enhance the studied spring-wells and others with similar characteristics are discussed.
A Critical Role for YPK1 in Farnesol Mediated Modulation of Aureobasidin A Drug Susceptibility
Authors: Venkatramanan M , BARI VINAY KUMAR
Published: October 2021

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus, have the ability to secrete a quorum sensing molecule farnesol in a cell density dependent manner which regulates its morphogenic shift from yeast to hyphae. The ability to switch between different forms is highly correlated with its ability to cause disease such as Candidiasis. The switching between different yeast to hyphae form leads to significant alteration in the plasma membrane sphingolipids. Complex sphingolipids are principal components of fungal plasma membranes; and their interaction with antifungal drug can play a crucial role in multidrug resistance. Therefore, we reasoned that the farnesol mediated modulation of the complex sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway might lead to the altered drugs susceptibility. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that exogenous addition of farnesol affects the sphingolipid biosynthesis and causes altered Aureobasidin A (AbA) drug susceptibility which mainly inhibits the complex sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway.
The Impact of Quality Management Practices on Manufacturing Performance: An Empirical Study Based on System Theory
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhuang Dejuan , Shen Wei
Published: October 2021

As one important part of core competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises, quality management practices have gradually received more attention. In many existing researches, quality management practices are regarded as a whole or categorized into two or four types of practice elements for discussions. There are less researches on the relationships among specific quality management practice elements and their impacts on manufacturing performance. This study analyzes quality management practices with the philosophical thinking of system theory, and deconstructs the mechanism of the mutual influences and synergies among various quality management practice elements and also their impacts on manufacturing performance, from an overall perspective through an empirical research. At last, a model of quality management practice synergies is built, as a theoretical support for manufacturing enterprises implementation of quality management practices.
Relationship between the Height of Fibular Head and the Incidence and Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Xinghui , Li Jun , Yao Deping , Deng Pan , Chen Boliang , Liu Yifei , jin Yang
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate the correlation between fibular head height and the incidence and severity of varus knee osteoarthritis based on three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee joint.Methods: The data of knee joint imaging in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were collected. The degree of varus deformity of the knee was assessed at the superior hip-knee-ankle angle of the X-rays. Three-dimensional reconstruction of patient computed tomography(CT)data was performed by mimics software. The fibular head height, joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured in a three-dimensional model. The patients were divided according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grade: group A: grade 0, group B: grade I, group C: grade II, group D: grade III, and group E: grade IV. The differences in age, gender, height, weight, body mass index(BMI), fibular head height, and degree of varus deformity (JLCA, MPTA, and coxa-knee-ankle angle) were compared. Ordinal multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between fibular head height and Kellgren-Lawrence grade.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between fibular head height and Kellgren-Lawrence grade.Results: 232 patients (232 knees) were finally included in the study, with Kellgren-Lawrence grades of 28 in group A, 31 in group B, 49 in group C, 53 in group D, and 71 in group E. The differences in age, gender, height, body mass index, fibular head height, JLCA, MPTA, and hip-knee-ankle angle among the five groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the differences in body weight were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in fibular head height, JLCA, JLCA and hip-knee-ankle angle between different groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences in JLCA and hip-knee-ankle angle (P < 0.05), and both JLCA and hip-knee-ankle angle increased with severe aggravation of Kellgren-Lawrence grade. Furthermore, both fibular head height and MPTA decreased as the Kellgren-Lawrence grade was severely aggravated. There was a significant negative correlation between Kellgren-Lawrence grade and fibular head height (r = -0.812, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between fibular head height and hip-knee-ankle angle (r = -0.7905, P < 0.001). When Kellgren-Lawrence grade III and IV knees were considered as disease, ROC curve analysis showed a cut-off value of 10.63 for fibular head height and an AUC of 0.872.Conclusion: The height of fibular head in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis is smaller than that in non-osteoarthritis patients. In addition to body mass index, fibular head height is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of varus knee osteoarthritis,the smaller the fibular head height, the more severe the severity of osteoarthritis and the more severe the degree of varus deformity.
LRP11-AS1 Promotes the Malignant Behavior of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells via the MiR-149-3p/NRP2 Axis
Authors: Li Peng , Zeng Yu , Chen Yudan , Huang Peng , Chen Xinchun , Zheng Weidong
Published: October 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult subtype of breast cancer to treat due to the deficiency in drug-targetable receptors. LRP11-AS1, a newly identified oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was found to be significantly overexpressed in TNBC cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the malignant roles and the oncogenic mechanisms of LRP11-AS1 in TNBC. Methods: CCK-8, colony formation, transwell migration and transwell invasion assays were performed to study the functions of LRP11-AS1. Quantitative PCR and western blot were used to determine the gene expression. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to study lncRNA and miRNA interactions. Results: LRP11-AS1 was found to be significantly overexpressed in TNBC cells compared to the non-TNBC cells and normal mammary epithelial cells. Knockdown of LRP11-AS1 could inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC cells and regulate cell cycle. Mechanistically, LRP11-AS1 was found to act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-149-3p. Silencing of LRP11-AS1 increased the expression of miR-149-3p and overexpression of miR-149-3p suppressed the expression of LRP11-AS1. Inhibition of miR-149-3p could reverse the anticancer effect of LRP11-AS1 deficiency in TNBC cells. Moreover, Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) was found to be the target of miR-149-3p. Rescue experiments revealed that NRP2 overexpression could rescue the anticancer effect of LRP11-AS1 deficiency in TNBC cells. Conclusion: LRP11-AS1 overexpressed in TNBC showed the oncogenic effects possibly by sponging miR-149-3p and regulating the miR-1493p/NRP2 axis, which indicated LRP11-AS1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in TNBC.
Air pollution Exposure And Mammographic Breast Density In Tehran, Iran
Authors: Eslami Bita , Alipour Sadaf , Omranipour Ramesh , Naddafi Kazem , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Shamsipour Mansour , Aryan Arvin , Abedi Mahboubeh , Bayani Leila , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh
Published: October 2021

Background: Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in many parts of the world possibly has an association with breast cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to find an association between exposure to six criteria ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) and mammographic breast density (MBD), as one of the strongest predictors for developing breast cancer, in women living in Tehran, Iran.Methods: Participants were selected from women attending two university hospitals for screening mammography from 2019 to2021. Breast density was rated by two expert radiologists. Individual exposures to 3-years ambient air pollution levels at the residence were estimated.Results: The final analysis in 791 eligible women showed that low and high breast density was detected in 34.8% and 62.2% of participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis after considering all possible confounding factors represented that an increase in 10 units of NO2 (ppb) exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast density with an OR equal to 1.47 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.97). Furthermore, CO level was associated with a decreasing breast density (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.64). None of the other pollutants were associated with breast density.Conclusion: MBD was associated with higher levels of ambient air NO2 and lower levels of CO. Perhaps MBD monitoring as an available tool in each population, can help the prediction of future breast cancer occurrence and finding the high-risk geographic areas.