bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Comparison of Stiff Wire-Based 2D3D, Traditional 3D3D Image Fusion, and Non-Image Fusion Techniques and Their Role in Thoracic Aortic Endovascular Repair
Authors: Osztrogonacz Peter , Garami Zsolt , Lumsden Alan B. , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Chinnadurai Ponraj
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of stiff wire-based 2D3D, 3D3D image fusion (IF), and non-image fusion techniques for simple zone 2 and zone 3 TEVAR cases in terms of radiation exposure, contrast dose, and fusion and projection accuracy. Methods: A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted based on data gathered from patients who underwent TEVAR between 2016 and 2023 at our tertiary aortic referral center. Those who underwent Z2 and Z3 TEVAR during the indicated period were included. The dose area product and number of DSAs were considered as primary outcomes, while projection accuracy and image fusion accuracy were considered as secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 79 patient were included. They were allocated to non-image fusion (NIF, n = 40), 2D3D IF (n = 14), and 3D3D IF (n = 25) groups. DAP was significantly lower both in the NIF [1542.75 µGym2 (751.72–3351.25 µGym2), p = 0.011] and 2D3D IF [1320.1 µGym2 (858.57–2572.07 µGym2), p = 0.013 groups compared to the 3D3D [2758.61 µGym2 (2074.73–4772.9 µGym2)] cohort. In the Z3 subgroup, DAP was significantly lower in the 2D3D IF group compared to the 3D3D IF group [(1270.84 µGym2 (860.56–2144.69 µGym2) vs. 2735.76 µGym2 (1583.86–5077.23 µGym2), p = 0.044]. 2D3D image fusion was associated with a significantly lower number of pre-deployment angiographies compared to NIF [1 (1–1) vs. 2 (1–3), p = 0.031], which we used as a surrogate for contrast dose. Conclusions: The entire study population analysis showed a significantly lower DAP with 2D3D IF compared to 3D3D IF, while there was no significant difference compared to NIF. It seems that stiff wire-based 2D3D IF does not cost in terms of DAP compared to NIF, while it is more favorable compared to 3D3D IF. Additionally, simple Z3 TEVAR cases might be improved by implementing the stiff wire-based 2D3D technique as a result of decreased DAP compared to 3D3D IF and decreased contrast dose compared to NIF.
Efficacy and Safety of Roxadustat in Patients with CKD: Pooled Analysis by Baseline Inflammation Status
Authors: Choukroun Gabriel , Strutz Frank , Harkavyi Alexander , Santos Vicki , Jiletcovici Alina , Del Vecchio Lucia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Inflammation may contribute to hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and is often present in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Roxadustat is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of anemia of CKD. This pooled analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients with dialysis-dependent (DD) or non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD by inflammation status. Methods: Data from five studies comparing roxadustat versus ESAs were pooled by patient populations in this analysis (NDD: DOLOMITES; DD: ROCKIES, SIERRAS, HIMALAYAS, PYRENEES). The mean change from baseline in hemoglobin levels to Weeks 28–52 and mean weekly dose of roxadustat or ESA at Week 24 were assessed by baseline inflammation levels (determined by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] levels, divided into quintiles). Safety data were summarized descriptively. Results: In total, 613 patients with NDD CKD (roxadustat n = 320; ESA n = 293) and 4072 patients with DD CKD (roxadustat n = 2022; ESA n = 2050) were evaluated. Roxadustat increased hemoglobin levels in a manner similar to ESAs, independent of baseline inflammation status. In both the NDD and DD populations, roxadustat doses did not increase at Week 24 in patients with higher hsCRP levels at baseline. Patients with high baseline hsCRP levels required greater ESA doses at Week 24 compared with patients who had lower baseline hsCRP levels in both patient populations. The incidence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were generally comparable with those of roxadustat and ESA across hsCRP quintiles in both the NDD and DD populations. Conclusions: Roxadustat addresses the multiple causes of anemia of CKD, regardless of inflammatory status, without requiring dose increases.
Perinatal and Delivery Outcomes Following Amniocentesis: A Case-Control Study in the Polish Population
Authors: Wolder Daniel , Blazuk-Fortak Anna , Michalska Agata , Detka Karolina , Świercz Grzegorz , Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: January 2025

Background: Amniocentesis is a widely used invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure, recognized for its high sensitivity and low risk of complications. This study aims to evaluate the association between amniocentesis and pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, preterm rupture of membranes (PROM), and preterm birth, as well as perinatal outcomes. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Regional Hospital in Kielce, Poland, from 2016 to 2022, involving 1834 patients, 225 of whom underwent amniocentesis, while 1609 did not receive any invasive diagnostics. Data were collected from medical records and included maternal factors such as age, BMI, delivery mode, complications, and newborn condition. Results: The study found no statistically significant differences between the study and the control groups regarding pregnancy or perinatal characteristics. Miscarriage occurred in 1.9% of the patients in the amniocentesis group, with no cases in the control group. Rates of preterm delivery were similar between groups (8.33% in the study group vs. 5.74% in the control group, p > 0.05). Postnatal outcomes, such as birth term, birth weight, and Apgar scores, were comparable across both groups. Fetal growth restriction was slightly more frequent in the study group (2.8% vs. 0.8%). One neonatal death was observed in each group. The relative risk of complications following amniocentesis was 1.69 (CI 0.38–7.24). Conclusions: Amniocentesis is a safe invasive prenatal procedure. It should be offered to every pregnant woman when necessary. Before the procedure, the patient should be clearly informed of the risk related to amniocentesis but at the same time reassured that the complication rate is very low.
Comparison of Functional Outcomes of Superficial Palmar Branch of Radial Artery (SPBRA) and Free Venous Flap (FVF) Techniques for Finger Tissue Defects
Authors: Atilgan Numan
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to compare two surgical techniques—the free flap of the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (SPBRA) and the free venous flap (FVF)—to evaluate their efficacy and aesthetic outcomes in repairing finger tissue defects. The goal was to determine which procedure offers faster healing curves and better overall patient outcomes, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals undergoing these surgeries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the clinical database of Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, from 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2022. A total of 44 patients with finger tissue defects, excluding thumb defects, were randomly divided into two groups: 21 patients underwent the SPBRA free flap procedure and 23 patients underwent the FVF procedure. Primary endpoints included flap survival rates, sensory recovery rates, aesthetic satisfaction scores, and complication rates. Data were collected during preoperative assessments and postoperative follow-ups at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: The SPBRA group demonstrated a higher success rate (95% vs. 92%) and greater patient satisfaction in terms of restoring normal appearance and function. The SPBRA technique also showed superior sensory recovery with a lower two-point discrimination score (mean SPBRA = 6 mm vs. mean FVF = 8 mm). Functional outcomes, assessed by the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, indicated higher scores for the SPBRA group (85/100) compared to the FVF group (80/100). Additionally, the SPBRA procedure was associated with fewer complications, highlighting its effectiveness and safety. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the SPBRA free flap technique offers better outcomes than the FVF procedure for repairing finger tissue defects. It provides superior functional restoration, enhanced cosmetic satisfaction, and a lower rate of complications. These results support the preference for the SPBRA technique in addressing complex finger tissue defects and improving patient outcomes.
Can ChatGPT 4.0 Diagnose Epilepsy? A Study on Artificial Intelligence’s Diagnostic Capabilities
Authors: Brigo Francesco , Broggi Serena , Leuci Eleonora , Turcato Gianni , Zaboli Arian
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, to enhance decision support in diagnosing epilepsy. AI tools can improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and decision-making speed. The aim of this study was to compare the level of agreement in epilepsy diagnosis between human experts (epileptologists) and AI (ChatGPT), using the 2014 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria, and to identify potential predictors of diagnostic errors made by ChatGPT. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 597 patients who visited the emergency department for either a first epileptic seizure or a recurrence. Diagnoses made by experienced epileptologists were compared with those made by ChatGPT 4.0, which was trained on the 2014 ILAE epilepsy definition. The agreement between human and AI diagnoses was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Sensitivity and specificity were compared using 2 × 2 contingency tables, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with diagnostic errors. Results: Neurologists diagnosed epilepsy in 216 patients (36.2%), while ChatGPT diagnosed it in 109 patients (18.2%). The agreement between neurologists and ChatGPT was very low, with a Cohen’s kappa value of −0.01 (95% confidence intervals, CI: −0.08 to 0.06). ChatGPT’s sensitivity was 17.6% (95% CI: 14.5–20.6), specificity was 81.4% (95% CI: 78.2–84.5), positive predictive value was 34.8% (95% CI: 31.0–38.6), and negative predictive value was 63.5% (95% CI: 59.6–67.4). ChatGPT made diagnostic errors in 41.7% of the cases, with errors more frequent in older patients and those with specific medical conditions. The correct classification was associated with acute symptomatic seizures of unknown etiology. Conclusions: ChatGPT 4.0 does not reach human clinicians’ performance in diagnosing epilepsy, showing poor performance in identifying epilepsy but better at recognizing non-epileptic cases. The overall concordance between human clinicians and AI is extremely low. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT and other LLMs.
Phenotypes, Genotypes, Treatment, and Outcomes of 14 Children with Sitosterolemia at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital
Authors: Do Thi Thanh Mai , Vu Chi Dung , Dien Tran Minh , Can Thi Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan , Nguyen Huy Hoang , Tran Van Khanh , Nguyen Ngoc Lan , Tran Huy Thinh , Mai Tran Thi Chi , Nguyen Khanh Ngoc
Published: January 2025

Background: Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to the development of xanthomas, hypercholesterolemia, premature atherosclerosis, or even sudden death during childhood. It results from homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ABCG5 or ABCG8 genes. Prompt detection and intervention are essential to managing this condition and preventing severe outcomes. Methods: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the phenotype, genotype, treatment, and outcomes of 14 children—seven boys and seven girls—all of Vietnamese origin, diagnosed with sitosterolemia at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital between March 2015 and July 2024. Results: The median ages at disease onset and diagnosis were 5.7 years (range: 1.5–17.9) and 7.2 years (range: 1.7–17.9), respectively. Xanthomas were observed in 85.7% of patients (12/14), arthralgia in 14.3% (2/14), and anemia in 7.1% (1/14), with no cases of thrombocytopenia. At diagnosis, all patients exhibited elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with considerably higher levels in patients with xanthomas compared to those without. Mutations in the ABCG5 gene were identified in 71.4% (10/14) of the patients, while 28.6% (4/14) had mutations in the ABCG8 gene. Fourteen variants were detected, nine in ABCG5 and five in ABCG8, with five variants reported for the first time in sitosterolemia patients. Initial management for all patients involved dietary modifications. After three months, 10 patients with persistently elevated TC and LDL-C received ezetimibe or cholestyramine treatment. Among the eight patients who continued treatment for over three months, the median TC and LDL-C concentrations decreased by 54.9% and 67.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Among Vietnamese patients with sitosterolemia, variants in the ABCG5 gene were more prevalent than those in the ABCG8 gene. Patients showed a positive response to ezetimibe or cholestyramine treatment. Genetic testing is essential for establishing a diagnosis of sitosterolemia and guiding accurate management strategies.
Carbon Nanoparticle-Loaded PLA Nanofibers via Electrospinning for Food Packaging
Authors: Di Matteo Pietro , Barbero Francesco , Giménez-Torres Enrique , Fenoglio Ivana , Destro Elena , Brunella Valentina , Sonseca Olalla Águeda
Published: January 2025

The development of nanocomposite materials for food packaging applications requires a precise balance of material functionality, safety, and regulatory compliance. In this work, the design, manufacturing, optimization, feasibility, and safety profile of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers filled with biocompatible carbon nanoparticles (CNP) and copper-loaded (CNP-Cu) nanoparticles by electrospinning are presented. To ensure nanoparticle compatibility with the PLA solvent system and achieve a uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles within nanofibers, dynamic light scattering analysis was employed, while the incorporation efficiency was demonstrated by building a novel UV–vis spectroscopy analytical method. Morphological analysis, performed through FE-SEM and TEM, confirmed the homogeneous distribution of CNP and CNP-Cu nanoparticles without aggregation. Migration studies in aqueous food simulants were also carried out to assess the material’s safety profile. The results showed minimal nanoparticle release, and the calculated copper migration was well within the limits set by European Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 for food contact materials.
Combined Input Deep Learning Pipeline for Embryo Selection for In Vitro Fertilization Using Light Microscopic Images and Additional Features
Authors: Onthuam Krittapat , Charnpinyo Norrawee , Suthicharoenpanich Kornrapee , Engphaiboon Supphaset , Siricharoen Punnarai , Chaichaowarat Ronnapee , Suebthawinkul Chanakarn
Published: January 2025

The current process of embryo selection in in vitro fertilization is based on morphological criteria; embryos are manually evaluated by embryologists under subjective assessment. In this study, a deep learning-based pipeline was developed to classify the viability of embryos using combined inputs, including microscopic images of embryos and additional features, such as patient age and developed pseudo-features, including a continuous interpretation of Istanbul grading scores by predicting the embryo stage, inner cell mass, and trophectoderm. For viability prediction, convolution-based transferred learning models were employed, multiple pretrained models were compared, and image preprocessing techniques and hyperparameter optimization via Optuna were utilized. In addition, a custom weight was trained using a self-supervised learning framework known as the Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations (SimCLR) in cooperation with generated images using generative adversarial networks (GANs). The best model was developed from the EfficientNet-B0 model using preprocessed images combined with pseudo-features generated using separate EfficientNet-B0 models, and optimized by Optuna to tune the hyperparameters of the models. The designed model’s F1 score, accuracy, sensitivity, and area under curve (AUC) were 65.02%, 69.04%, 56.76%, and 66.98%, respectively. This study also showed an advantage in accuracy and a similar AUC when compared with the recent ensemble method.
Rapid Identification of Clinically Relevant Candida spp. by I-dOne Software Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Franconi Iacopo , Fais Roberta , Giordano Cesira , Tuvo Benedetta , Stani Chiaramaria , Tavanti Arianna , Barnini Simona , Lupetti Antonella
Published: January 2025

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a spectrum-based technique that quantifies the absorption of infrared light by molecules present in the microbial cell. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique via I-dOne software (Version 2.0) compared with the MALDI-TOF MS in identifying Candida spp. Each infrared spectrum was compared with spectra stored in the software database. The updated version of the I-dOne software was used to analyze ATR-FTIR spectra. All Candida isolates 284/284 (100%) were classified correctly according to the genus. Overall species identification yielded 272/284 (95.8%) concordant identification results with MALDI-TOF MS. Additionally, all 79 isolates belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex were identified correctly to the species level with the updated version of the I-dOne software. Only 12 (4.2%) isolates were misidentified at the species level. The present study highlights the potential diagnostic performance of the I-dOne software with ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique referral spectral database as a real alternative for routine identification of the most frequently isolated Candida spp.
Joint Effects of Lifestyle Habits and Heavy Metals Exposure on Chronic Stress Among U.S. Adults: Insights from NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Ogundipe Esther , Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic stress, characterized by sustained activation of physiological stress response systems, is a key risk factor for numerous health conditions. Allostatic load (AL), a biomarker of cumulative physiological stress, offers a quantitative measure of this burden. Lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and smoking, alongside environmental exposures to toxic metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury, were individually implicated in increasing AL. However, the combined impact of these lifestyle habits and environmental factors remains underexplored, particularly in populations facing co-occurring exposures. This study aims to investigate the joint effects of lifestyle habits and environmental factors on AL, using data from the NHANES 2017–2018 cycle. By employing linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), we identify key predictors and explore interaction effects, providing new insights into how cumulative exposures contribute to chronic stress. Results from BKMR analysis underscore the importance of addressing combined exposures, particularly the synergistic effects of cadmium and alcohol consumption, in managing physiological stress. Methods: Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the dataset, and multivariate linear regression was performed to assess associations between exposures and AL. BKMR was employed to estimate exposure–response functions and posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs), focusing on identifying key predictors of AL. Results: Descriptive analysis indicated that the mean levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 1.23 µg/dL, 0.49 µg/dL, and 1.37 µg/L, respectively. The mean allostatic load was 3.57. Linear regression indicated that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased AL (β = 0.0933; 95% CI [0.0369, 0.1497]; p = 0.001). Other exposures, including lead (β = −0.1056; 95% CI [−0.2518 to 0.0408]; p = 0.157), cadmium (β = −0.0001, 95% CI [−0.2037 to 0.2036], p = 0.999), mercury (β = −0.0149; 95% CI [−0.1175 to 0.0877]; p = 0.773), and smoking (β = 0.0129; 95% CI [−0.0086 to 0.0345]; p = 0.508), were not significant. BKMR analysis confirmed alcohol’s strong importance for AL, with a PIP of 0.9996, and highlighted a non-linear effect of cadmium (PIP = 0.7526). The interaction between alcohol and cadmium showed a stronger effect on AL at higher exposure levels. In contrast, lead, mercury, and smoking demonstrated minimal effects on AL. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption and cadmium exposure were identified as key contributors to increased allostatic load, while other exposures showed no significant associations. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing lifestyle habits and environmental factors in managing physiological stress.
Lake Iriqui’s Remarkable Revival: Field Observations and a Google Earth Engine Analysis of Its Recovery After over Half a Century of Desiccation
Authors: Moumane Adil , Bahouq Tarik , Karmaoui Ahmed , Laghfiri Dahmane , Yassine Mohamed , Karkouri Jamal Al , Batchi Mouhcine , Faouzi Mustapha , Boulakhbar Mohamed , Youssef Ali Ait
Published: January 2025

In September 2024, following two rare storms, Lake Iriqui in southern Morocco experienced a remarkable revival after five decades of desiccation. Historically, the lake played an important role as one of the largest water bodies before the Sahara Desert, serving as a critical stopover in migratory routes for various bird species. Two field missions documented this event: the first confirmed the lake’s reappearance, while the second recorded the resurgence of the ecosystem and the return of migratory birds, last observed in the lake in 1968. The lake’s surface water extent, which had been completely dry, expanded dramatically, reaching over 80 km2 after the first storm and subsequently increasing to approximately 146 km2 following the second. This event has drawn considerable attention from international and national media. The revival was monitored using satellite imagery from Landsat 8 and 9 and Sentinel-2A, processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE), with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) applied to detect water presence. A time-series analysis revealed significant changes in the lake’s surface water extent following the rainfall. This study emphasizes the need for proactive support to preserve Lake Iriqui, aligning with sustainable development goals: SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). These goals highlight the importance of sustainable water resource management, biodiversity conservation, and eco-tourism initiatives to benefit local communities.
The Effect of Sleep Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Hong SeokHyun , Lee Da-Been , Yoon Dae-Wui , Yoo Seung-Lim , Kim Jinkwan
Published: January 2025

Sleep disruption has emerged as a significant public health concern with profound implications for metabolic health. This review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating the intricate relationships between sleep disturbances and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that insufficient sleep duration (<7 h) and poor sleep quality are associated with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanisms are multifaceted, involving the disruption of circadian clock genes, alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, the activation of inflammatory pathways, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. Sleep loss affects key metabolic regulators, including AMPK signaling and disrupts the secretion of metabolic hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. The latest evidence points to the role of sleep-induced changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota, which may contribute to metabolic dysfunction through modifications in the intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathways have been identified as crucial mediators linking sleep disruption to metabolic inflammation. An understanding of these mechanisms has significant implications for public health and clinical practice, suggesting that improving sleep quality could be an effective strategy for preventing and treating cardiometabolic disorders in modern society.
An Efficient GPU-Accelerated Algorithm for Solving Dynamic Response of Fluid-Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Lin Wancang , Zhou Qinglong , Chen Xinyi , Shi Wenhao , Ai Jie
Published: January 2025

The traditional finite element program is executed on the CPU; however, it is challenging for the CPU to compute the ultra-large scale finite element model. In this paper, we present a set of efficient algorithms based on GPU acceleration technology for the dynamic response of fluid-saturated porous media, named PNAM, encompassing the assembly of the global matrix and the iterative solution of equations. In the assembly part, the CSR storage format of the global matrix is directly obtained from the element matrix. For data with two million degrees of freedom, it merely takes approximately 1 s to generate all the data of global matrices, which is significantly superior to the CPU version. Regarding the iterative solution of equations, a novel algorithm based on the CUDA kernel function is proposed. For a data set with two million degrees of freedom, it takes only about 0.05 s to compute an iterative step and transfer the data to the CPU. The program is designed to calculate either in single or double precision. The change in precision has little impact on the assembly of the global matrix, but the calculation time of double precision is generally 1.5 to 2 times that of single precision in the iterative solution part for a model with 2 million degrees of freedom. PNAM has high computational efficiency and great compatibility, which can be used to solve not only saturated fluid problems but also a variety of other problems.
Exploring Medium- and Long-Term Respiratory and Functional Sequelae in Young Adults Post-COVID-19
Authors: Ülker Ekşi Büşra , Kısa Eylül Pınar , Ertan Harputlu Özge , Kara Kaya Begüm , Hoşbay Zeynep , Akıncı Buket
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Long COVID-19 syndrome may cause difficulties in functionality during daily life in young people. Our objective was to investigate the respiratory and functional sequelae in young adults with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 compared with healthy peers 3–6 months and 6–12 months after COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: Participants aged 18–25 who had COVID-19 within the last 3–6 months (Post-COVID Group 1, n = 25) and 6–12 months (Post-COVID Group 2, n = 25) and age–gender-matched healthy controls (n = 25) were included in this study. Respiratory functions and muscle strength were measured. Physical function was assessed with 6 min walking test (6MWT) and an Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT). The 1 min sit-to-stand test (1-MSTST) and hand grip strength (HGS) were used to assess muscle performance. Fatigue and dyspnea severity were questioned. Results: The FVC%pred (p = 0.023) and MEP (p = 0.034) were higher, and 1-MSTST repetitions were lower in Post-COVID Group-1 compared to Post-COVID Group-2 (p = 0.029). The PEF%pred (p = 0.025), MEP (p = 0.001), and ISWT distance were lower in Post-COVID Group-2 compared to healthy controls. The number of 1-MSTST repetitions and 6MWT distance were lower in Post-COVID Group-1 (p = 0.003, p = 0.001) and Post-COVID Group-2 (p = 0.003, p = 0.017) than in healthy controls. Exercise-induced blood lactate change during the ISWT, HGS, fatigue, and dyspnea were not significantly different between post-COVID groups and healthy controls. Conclusions: Young adults who pass asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a decline in FVC%pred, PEF%pred, lower extremity muscle performance, and physical function within 3–6 months. In addition, the deterioration in respiratory and physical functions becomes apparent within 6–12 months.
Semiarid Coastal Ecosystems—Atmospheric Interactions: A Seasonal Analysis of Turbulence and Stability
Authors: Benítez-Valenzuela Lidia Irene , Sánchez-Mejía Zulia M. , Yepez Enrico A.
Published: January 2025

Coastal lagoons play an essential role in the energy balance and heat exchange to the atmosphere. Furthermore, at mesoscale Monsoon systems and at local scales, sea breeze influences surface processes; however, there is a lack of information on such processes in arid and semiarid regions. We aimed to characterize the atmospheric conditions during sea and land breeze in different seasons and analyze at different temporal scales the variation of atmospheric stability, turbulent fluxes, lifting condensation level, and atmospheric boundary layer height. The study site is a subtropical semiarid coastal lagoon, Estero El Soldado, located in Northwestern Mexico (27°57.248′ N, 110°58.350′ W). Measurements were performed from January 2019 to September 2020 with an Eddy Covariance system (EC) and micrometeorological instruments over the water surface. Results show that there is a strong seasonality that enhances sea–land breeze dominance; sea breeze was 83% more frequent during the Monsoon, and the land breeze was 55% more frequent in the Post-Monsoon. Specific humidity (23.32 ± 3.84 g kg−1, q), potential temperature (307 ± 2.98 K, θp), latent heat (135 W m−2, LE), and turbulent kinetic energy (0.81 m2 s−2, TKE) were significantly higher during the Monsoon season at sea breeze events. Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and lifting condensation level (LCL) were higher in the Pre-Monsoon season (3250 ± 71 m and 1142 ± 565 m, respectively). During the Monsoon, surface conditions lead to lower LCL (~800 m) due to the amount of water vapor (q = 23.3 g kg−1).
Phage Cocktail Alleviates Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit by Modulating Bacterial Community Structure in Field Trial
Authors: Hu Ran , Xu Xiaohan , Jia Yajun , Zhu Cancan , Wang Lin , Song Minxin , Xu Qian , Xia Mian , He Xiaoqing , Jin Yi
Published: January 2025

Bacterial canker of kiwifruit is the most destructive bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Bacteriophages are regarded as promising biocontrol agents against kiwifruit bacterial pathogens due to their exceptional host specificity and environmentally friendly nature. However, the underlying mechanism of phages in the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease remains elusive. In this study, the field trial results showed that phage cocktail could significantly reduce the incidence of bacterial canker in kiwifruit. The high throughput sequencing results showed that the phage cocktail regulated the impact of pathogen invasion on branch endophytic communities, adjusted the diversity of the bacterial community structure, regulated the composition of rare taxa and abundant taxa, and increased the proportion of deterministic processes in community assembly processes. The phage cocktail significantly reduced the relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, and Yersiniacea. Furthermore, the application of the phage cocktail resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Beijerinckiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, most of which are abundant taxa of the corresponding microbial communities. Additionally, the composition of rare taxa was also altered under the influence of phages. These findings offer perspectives on the phage-mediated biocontrol of kiwifruit bacterial canker and provide practical backing for the implementation of phage cocktails in sustainable agriculture.
Evaluating the Role of Viable Cells, Heat-Killed Cells or Cell-Free Supernatants in Bacterial Biocontrol of Fungi: A Comparison Between Lactic Acid Bacteria and Pseudomonas
Authors: Di Rico Francesca , Vuolo Francesco , Puglisi Edoardo
Published: January 2025

This study investigated whether viable cells, dead cells or cell-free supernatants (CFS) were responsible for the biocontrol effect of strains from two important bacterial genera, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus, known for their antifungal properties against plant pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Specifically, the capability of these strains to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes on specified media was assessed, along with their effectiveness in inhibiting the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani) using dual culture plate assays. Results from these inhibition assays revealed that P. fluorescens PF05 and L. plantarum LMG 23520 strains were the most effective in suppressing fungal growth, especially F. oxysporum. Therefore, further experiments were carried out to investigate the antifungal potential of the viable cells, heat-killed cells (HKC) and CFS from these strains against the germination of F. oxysporum spores. The viable cell trial proved successful, whereas HKC from the two bacterial isolates were ineffective against fungal spore germination. Conversely, the CFS of L. plantarum LMG 23520 was able to prevent fungal spore development for up to six days. The CFS of P. fluorescens PF05, instead, did not yield positive results. Additional studies are required to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of the CFS from P. fluorescens PF05 and the HKC from both strains.
Influence of Mining Layout on Efficiency of NRE Drill Rig
Authors: Bohanek Vječislav , Pleše Paulo , Šoštarić Sibila Borojević , Purkić Ruža , Vokić Ema
Published: January 2025

The selection of an appropriate mining method, along with the corresponding machinery, is a crucial and highly strategic decision in the field of mining engineering. This decision directly influences the efficiency, safety, and economic viability of a mining operation. An optimal combination of mining techniques and equipment is essential to ensure the effective exploitation of the ore deposit while minimizing costs and maximizing productivity. This paper briefly overviews existing mechanized mining machines for narrow reef mining. The NRE fleet is presented in more detail, together with the results of trial tests conducted using the NRE Drill Rig in narrow reef platinum mines situated in the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe and the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa. The trials were carried out using two distinct mining layouts: the bord and pillar layout and the breast mining layout. The test results clearly demonstrated that the Drill Rig is more effective in breast mining layout compared to the bord and pillar layout in narrow reef mining. The breast mining layout showed superior performance in terms of the number of drilled boreholes and overall efficiency despite the lower availability and utilization of the Drill Rig.
A Methodology for Assessing the Impact of In Situ Fractures on the Intensity of Blast-Induced Damage
Authors: Karimi Omid , Fillion Marie-Helene , Dirige Philip
Published: January 2025

Drilling and blasting is the conventional method used for rock fragmentation in open pit mining. Blast-induced damage can reduce the level of stability of benches and pit slopes. To develop an optimal blast design, an adequate knowledge of the rock properties and in situ fractures is needed. Fractures are generally the paths of least resistance for explosive energy and can affect the intensity of blast-induced damage. Discrete Fracture Networks (DFNs) are 3D representations of joint systems used for estimating the distribution of in situ fractures in a rock mass. The combined finite/discrete element method (FDEM) can be used to simulate the complex rock breakage process during a blast. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for assessing the influence of in situ joints on post-blast fracturing and the associated wall damage in 2D bench blast scenarios. First, a simple one-blasthole scenario is analyzed with the FDEM software Irazu 2D and calibrated based on a laboratory-scale blasting experiment available from previous literature. Secondly, more complex scenarios consisting of one-blasthole models at the bench scale were simulated. A bench blast without DFN (base case) and one with DFN were numerically simulated. The model with DFN demonstrated that the growth path and intensity of blast-induced fractures were governed by pre-existing fractures, which led to a smaller wall damage area. The damage intensity for the base case scenario is about 82% higher than for the blast model with DFN included, which highlights the significance of in situ fractures in the resulting blast damage intensity. The methodology for developing the DFN-included blasting simulation provides a more realistic modeling process for blast-induced wall damage assessment. This results in a better characterization of the blast damage zone and can lead to improved slope stability analyses.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Metal-Loaded TiO2 Nanowires
Authors: Song Shuang , Xiang Jiongcan , Kang Hui , Yang Fengming
Published: January 2025

The photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on metal-loaded one-dimensional TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs) was performed. With metal loading, the electric and optical properties of TiO2 NWs were adjusted, contributing to the improvement of the activity and selectivity of the OCM reaction. In the photocatalytic OCM reaction, the 1.0 Au/TiO2 NW catalyst exhibits an outstanding C2H6 production rate (4901 μmol g−1 h−1) and selectivity (70%), alongside the minor production of C3H8 and C2H4, achieving a total C2–C3 hydrocarbon selectivity of 75%. In contrast, catalysts loaded with Ag, Pd, and Pt show significantly lower activity, with Pt/TiO2 NWs producing only CO2, indicating a propensity for the deep oxidation of methane. The O2-TPD analyses reveal that Au facilitates mild O2 adsorption and activation, whereas Pt triggers excessive oxidation. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies demonstrate that Au loading not only enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, but also promotes the generation of active oxygen species in moderate amounts, which facilitates the formation of methyl radicals and their coupling into C2H6 while suppressing over-oxidation to CO2. This work provides novel insights and design strategies for developing efficient photocatalysts.
Chitosan-Based Schiff Bases (CSBs) and Their Metal Complexes: Promising Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Iacopetta Domenico , Catalano Alessia , Ceramella Jessica , Mariconda Annaluisa , D’Amato Assunta , Checconi Paola , Aquaro Stefano , Longo Pasquale , Sinicropi Maria Stefania
Published: January 2025

The scientific interest in the chemical modification of chitosan to increase its solubility and application has led to its conjugation with Schiff bases, which are interesting scaffolds endowed with diverse biological properties. The resultant chitosan-based Schiff bases (CSBs) are widely studied in scientific literature due to the myriad of activities exerted, both catalytic and biological, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and especially antimicrobial ones. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major public health challenges of the twenty-first century because it represents a threat to the prevention and treatment of a growing number of bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infections that are no longer treatable with the available drugs. Thus, in this review, we present a brief outline of the biological activities of CSBs as well as their complexes with metals, with a particular focus on the recent literature regarding the antimicrobial effect of these captivating derivatives.
Comparison of In Situ and Postsynthetic Formation of MOF-Carbon Composites as Electrocatalysts for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
Authors: Sondermann Linda , Voggenauer Laura Maria , Vollrath Annette , Strothmann Till , Janiak Christoph
Published: January 2025

Mixed-metal nickel-iron, NixFe materials draw attention as affordable earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, nickel and mixed-metal nickel-iron metal–organic framework (MOF) composites with the carbon materials ketjenblack (KB) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized in situ in a one-pot solvothermal reaction. As a direct comparison to these in situ synthesized composites, the neat MOFs were postsynthetically mixed by grinding with KB or CNT, to generate physical mixture composites. The in situ and postsynthetic MOF/carbon samples were comparatively tested as (pre-)catalysts for the OER, and most of them outperformed the RuO2 benchmark. Depending on the carbon material and metal ratio, the in situ or postsynthetic composites performed better, showing that the method to generate the composite can influence the OER activity. The best material Ni5Fe-CNT was synthesized in situ and achieved an overpotential (η) of 301 mV (RuO2 η = 354 mV), a Tafel slope (b) of 58 mV/dec (RuO2 b = 91 mV/dec), a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 7 Ω (RuO2 Rct = 39 Ω), and a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95% (RuO2 FE = 91%). Structural changes in the materials could be seen through a stability test in the alkaline electrolyte, and chronopotentiometry over 12 h showed that the derived electrocatalysts and RuO2 have good stability.
The Gas-Sensing Properties of Ag-/Au-Modified Ti3C2Tx (T=O, F, OH) Monolayers for HCHO and C6H6 Gases
Authors: Qi Xinghua , Khattak Bahadar Nawab , Alam Arif , Liu Wenfu , Gui Yingang
Published: January 2025

Based on density functional theory calculations, this study analyzed the gas-sensing performance of Ti3C2Tx (T=O, F, OH) monolayers modified with precious metal atoms (Ag and Au) for HCHO and C6H6 gas molecules. Firstly, stable structures of Ag- and Au-single-atom doped Ti3C2Tx (T=O, F, OH) surfaces were constructed and then HCHO and C6H6 gas molecules were set to approach the modified structures at different initial positions. The most stable adsorption structure was selected for further analysis of the adsorption energy, adsorption distance, charge transfer, charge deformation density, total density of states, and partial density of states. The results show that the Ag and Au modifications improved the adsorption performance of Ti3C2O2 for HCHO and C6H6. In comparison, the effect of the Au modification was better than that of Ag. For Ti3C2F2, the Ag and Au doping modifications did not significantly change the adsorption effects for HCHO and C6H6. However, the Ag and Au doping modifications decreased the adsorption of Ti3C2(OH)2 for HCHO, while there was no significant change in the gas adsorption for C6H6. The above results serve as a theoretical foundation for the design of new sensors for HCHO and C6H6.
Heidelberg Adult and Pediatric Airway Registry (HAPA-Registry)
Authors: Uzun Davut D. , Bittlinger Kim , Wibbe Emily , Mohr Stefan , Weigand Markus A. , Schmitt Felix C. F.
Published: January 2025

Background: Advanced airway management is of fundamental importance in almost all areas of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and critical care. Securing the airway is of the utmost importance, as this is a prerequisite for the oxygenation of the human organism. The clinical relevance of airway management is particularly evident in the fact that the primary cause of significant anesthesia-related complications can be attributed to this field. The need for the systematic recording of these procedures and their complications, as well as structured training in airway management and the evaluation of outcome parameters, is, therefore, evident. Methods: The HAPA-registry is a prospective and monocentric observational trial at the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany. All patients requiring general anesthesia with consecutive advanced airway management during a surgical procedure were included. We, therefore, planned to include approximately 9000 patients in the first period. Following successful airway management, the anesthetist completed a case report form (CRF) in person. The intention was to record airway management cases on an annual basis for a period of several months, thus ensuring that the register remains up-to-date and that airway management procedures are continuously recorded. Discussion: The aim of this study was to establish an airway registry that enables the systematic recording and evaluation of different methods of airway management. The registry can be used to monitor and evaluate the implementation of current guidelines and recommendations for action, as well as the rates of success and complications.
A Comprehensive Review of Dropout Prediction Methods Based on Multivariate Analysed Features of MOOC Platforms
Authors: Alghamdi Saad , Soh Ben , Li Alice
Published: January 2025

Massive open online courses have revolutionised the learning environment, but their effectiveness is undermined by low completion rates. Traditional dropout prediction models in MOOCs often overlook complex factors like temporal dependencies and context-specific variables. These models are not adaptive enough to manage the dynamic nature of MOOC learning environments, resulting in inaccurate predictions and ineffective interventions. Accordingly, MOOCs dropout prediction models require more sophisticated artificial intelligence models that can address these limitations. Moreover, incorporating feature selection methods and explainable AI techniques can enhance the interpretability of these models, making them more actionable for educators and course designers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various MOOCs dropout prediction methodologies, focusing on their strategies and research gaps. It highlights the growing MOOC environment and the potential for technology-driven gains in outcome accuracy. This review also discusses the use of advanced models based on machine learning, deep learning, and meta-heuristics approaches to improve course completion rates, optimise learning outcomes, and provide personalised educational experiences.
Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications
Authors: Song Jun , Kang Minghao , Ji Shujian , Ye Shuai , Guo Jiaqing
Published: January 2025

Fluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selection in controlling their optical properties. The formation process of CDs is classified, and the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs are summarized, involving carbon core states, surface states, molecular states, and cross-linking enhanced emission effects. This article also highlights the applications of R/NIR-CDs in bioimaging, biosensing, phototherapy, and drug delivery. The final section discusses challenges and prospects.
Designing and Fabrication of Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan/PVA Nanofibrous Mats for Potential Use as Wound Dressing Biomaterials
Authors: EL-Rafei Amira M. , Maurizii Giorgia , Aluigi Annalisa , Sotgiu Giovanna , Barbalinardo Marianna , Posati Tamara
Published: January 2025

Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous mats loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite and/or curcumin are successfully fabricated by the electrospinning method for the first time. Nano-hydroxyapatite is prepared by the co-precipitation method. The XRD pattern of calcined powder at 700 °C for 2 h reveals the presence of hydroxyapatite as a sole phase. FT-IR confirms its purity. The morphology of the hydroxyapatite is studied by HR-TEM. Nano-hydroxyapatite and curcumin are added at 5 wt% with respect to the polymer weight. XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, and HR-TEM are used to characterize the fabricated nanofibrous mats. The results confirm the successful loading of nano-hydroxyapatite and curcumin within the fabricated mats. The in vitro antimicrobial results show that most of mats have significant antimicrobial effects against E. coli and S. aureus. The fabricated matd are biocompatible with fibroblasts and the presence of curcumin increases cell viability. Curcumin release from both CS/PVA/Cur and CS/PVA/HA/Cur nanofiber mats principally follows the Korsmeyer–Peppas and Peppas–Salhin models.