bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing cyber threat detection through deep learning in management information systems
Authors: Arvind S. , Unhelkar Bhuvan , Shankar S. Siva , Chakrabarti Prasun , Devika S. V.
Published: December 2024

Cloud computing, fulfilling the “Computing as Utility” model, is widely popular for providing on-demand services. However, the primary challenge for cloud providers is the increasing vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Traditional detection methods are insufficient, necessitating advanced approaches. This research suggests a mechanism for detecting cyberattacks using deep learning for Cloud Computing, employing a hybrid CNN and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) methodology. The two-dimensional representation of input space facilitates the identification of assaults known as distributed denial of service (DDoS), achieving superior results compared to existing techniques in terms of lower detection times (1.2 seconds), and higher accuracy (97%), precision (96%), and recall (97%).
A novel optimization-based time-enabled proxy re-encryption approach for securing e-health data in cloud environments : An interdisciplinary statistical perspective
Authors: Gupta K. Gurnadha , Unhelkar Bhuvan , Shankar S. Siva , Chakrabarti Tulika , Chakrabarti Prasun , Sivaneasan B. , Margala Martin
Published: December 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) aim to improve healthcare efficiency and workload management, but security concerns persist, especially in cloud storage. Proxy re-encryption (PRE) addresses these concerns by allowing authorized intermediaries to convert encrypted data without accessing plaintext. This paper introduces Whale-based Timing Enabled Proxy Re-encryption (WTEPRE), enhancing EHR security in the cloud. WTEPRE employs machine learning to generate keys for encryption and decryption. A designated proxy server re-encrypts data for cloud storage, while a time-seal server regulates file access. Experimental results show WTEPRE’s effectiveness in bolstering security and privacy with acceptable performance.
The structure of the unit group of the group algebra KqSL(2, ℤ7)
Authors: Sivaranjani N. U. , Nandakumar E. , Mittal G. , Sharma R. K.
Published: December 2024

This article focusus on characterizing the units of the group algebra KqSL(2, ℤ7), where SL(2, ℤ7) is a special linear group of 2 × 2 matrices over the finite field ℤ7.
Information Readiness of Students in Digitization: Using the Case-Study Method in Teaching Philosophy
Authors: Spanov Meirkhan , Nurmuratov Serik
Published: December 2024

Мақалада цифрландыру технологиясын оқу үдерісіне енгізу кезеңіндегі case-study әдісін философияны оқытуда қолдану аспектілері баяндалады. Мақалада case-study әдісін философияны оқытуда тиімді қолданудың теориялық және әдіснамалық негіздері айқындалады, сонымен қатар жоғарыда аталған әдісті қолдану негізінде пәнді оқыту тиімділігін арттыру шарттары байыпталады. Жалпы философияны оқытуда case-study әдісін қолданудың әдістемесі салыстырмалы түрде нақты сипатталады.Ағылшын тілінен аударғанда «кейс» – бұл белгілі бір жағдайларды зерттеуге, талдауға және әлеуметтік маңызды нәтижелерге қол жеткізуге негізделген, белгілі бір жағдайды білдірсе, «study» – оқу сөздерін біріктіруден құрылған білім беру әдісі екені белгілі. Кейс-әдіс немесе кейс-стади – нақты жағдайды талдау әдісі, нақты әлеуметтік, экономикалық, іскерлік жағдайлардың анықтамасын цифрлы әлеуметте пайдаланатын білім беру әдістемесі. Оқытушылар бұл жағдайды талдауға, проблемалардың мәнін түсінуге, осы мәселелердің балама шешімдерін іздеуге және олардың ішінен тиімділерін таңдауға көмектеседі. Кейстер цифрландыру дәуіріндегі нақты жағдайға, мүмкіндігінше жақын нақты материалдарға немесе ақпаратқа негізделген.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Technology
Authors: Mr. Pradeep Nayak  , Vaishnavi  , Varsha V  , Vivek K Das  , Yash  , Yashwanth H
Published: December 2024

Computer network technology has become an integral aspect of social life in various fields and industries in this information age. Artificial intelligence is one of the advanced technologies that have rapidly been improving and are now playing a more significant role in the changes of computer network systems. This article goes into the concept of AI technology, examines the challenges faced by computer networks, and explores the inherent advantages and necessity of AI's integration into network technology. In addition, it investigates practical applications of AI in enhancing computer network functionality and security.
Students’ perceptions of a video letter assignment in an asynchronous virtual exchange project
Authors: Kasami Naoko
Published: December 2024

Advances in technology have enabled students to interact more effectively in virtual exchange (VE) projects across institutions and countries. However, there are still challenges and barriers that need to be addressed (O’Dowd, 2023). This paper reports Japanese students’ perceptions of a video letter assignment in an asynchronous VE project as their first experience of communicating using English and ICT. This preliminary study focuses on the video letter exchange which was conducted as an additional task during the project. The comments of the reflection sheets revealed that they were able to overcome some difficulties and learn through the video letter exchange. It was found that the video letter assignment in the VE project provided an opportunity to learn English expressions and other cultures, to experience differences with partners’ cultures, and express their messages confidently.
Examining the influence of online English as a lingua franca interaction on L2 learners’ speaking proficiency and intercultural communicative competence
Authors: Iino Atsushi , Wistner Brian
Published: December 2024

The present study investigated the effects of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) in English as a lingua franca (ELF) conversation session on L2 learners’ speaking proficiency and intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Thirty-six Japanese university students were divided into an Experimental Group (n = 20) and a Control Group (n = 16). The Experimental Group participated in online ELF conversation sessions for 10 weeks with interlocutors who lived outside of Japan. The Control Group took only their regular English courses and did not participate in the online ELF conversation sessions. The participants’ English-speaking ability was measured at the beginning and end of the semester through the use of an AI-based online speaking test, and their ICC was assessed with a 30-item questionnaire that targeted four aspects of ICC. The results indicated that the overall CEFRJ speaking level of the Experimental Group statistically increased over the semester, while the overall speaking level of the Control Group did not. Similarly, in contrast to the Control Group, the Experimental Group showed statistically higher ICC at the end of the semester. Implications for ELF in L2 programs are discussed.
From zero to hero: A longitudinal study of ICT attitudes in relation to language teaching in the technology era
Authors: Öztürk Özge
Published: December 2024

In this longitudinal study, how EFL instructors understand the use of computer technologies and their attitudes towards ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) are investigated. The aims are to define the instructors' attitudes, explain the relationship between instructors' attitudes and their ICT use, and specify the ICT needs of their language teaching using two types of data collection instruments. In the initial study conducted in 2017, the first questionnaire measured ICT use with the participants' demographic features and the second aimed to identify instructors' attitudes towards ICT. Additionally, some instructors were interviewed to get a more in-depth understanding of their attitudes and ICT use. After 7 years, the same research setting is used with the same data collection instruments to analyze the effects of technological developments of the era regarding instructors’ ICT use in language teaching and moreover, the frequency of use and familiarity with AI tools have also been analyzed in the second phase of the study. The findings reveal that nearly all participants regard ICT as an invaluable tool for their teaching and have moderately positive attitudes towards using it for professional reasons compared to the previous study results. Variables such as age, teaching experience, and computer skills play no more significant role than past data. However, instructors’ primary ICT need is still training. After the COVID-19 period, they feel more secure with their technology use due to the forced online and henceforth, hybrid teaching practices and teacher training courses supported by their institution. The results of this study have pedagogical implications for teacher education, English teachers and language schools.
Effect of incorporating Lippia javanica (Zumbani) on physical, nutritional, microbiological, and sensory properties of instant soup mix powder
Authors: Benhura Chakare , Mpofu Shirley-Ann , Nyakudya Elijah
Published: December 2024

Background: Lippia javanica (commonly known as Zumbani) is a nutrients-rich plant with various pharmacological characteristics, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, and bio-pesticidal effects, making it a valuable addition to consumer products. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating Lippia javanica powder into Instant Soup Mix (ISM) powder on its functional, nutritional, microbiological, and sensory properties. Methods: Four (4) 100 g treatment formulations were prepared using a constant base of 70 g Lippia javanica powder blended with corn flour in varying proportions: 0:70 g (zum–0), 2:68 g (zum–2), 5:65 g (zum–5), and 10:60 g (zum–10), while maintaining all other ingredients constant. Results: The incorporation of Lippia javanica significantly reduced the bulk density of the ISM Powder (p = 0.0098), with values ranging from 0.67 to 0.69 g/mL. Water absorption capacity (WAC) and fat content decreased as the proportion of Lippia javanica increased. Conversely, ISM Powders containing Lippia javanica powder exhibited significantly higher levels of ash, protein, crude fiber, calcium, compared to the control (zum-0). Among the samples, zum–10 displayed the highest content of total phenolic compounds and achieved the highest sensory acceptability scores. Microbiological analysis revealed no bacterial presence in any of the treatments. Conclusion: The inclusion of Lippia javanica powder enhanced the functional, nutritional, and sensory properties of the ISM powders. Sample zum–10 demonstrated superior nutritional value, functional characteristics, and consumer acceptability, making it the most recommended formulation for potential use.
Keywords: Lippia javanica, instant mix soup powder, physico-chemical, sensory properties.
Jog, populáris kultúra, spekulatív fikció – néhány előkérdés
Authors: Molnár András
Published: December 2024

A jog és irodalom mozgalom az 1970-es évekbeli színre lépésétől kezdve fokozatosan teret
nyert az amerikai „mainstream” jogi oktatásban és jogtudományban. Az irányzat által képviselt interdiszciplináris szemléletmód ráirányította a figyelmet arra, hogy a kultúra bizonyos megjelenési formái milyen képet mutatnak a jogról, az irányzatban inherensen jelen
lévő kritikai attitűd pedig a jogkritika új lehetőségeit nyitotta meg. Az irányzat önmagában
véve hagyománytörőnek tekinthető, mert olyan társadalmi gyakorlat vizsgálatát vonta a
jogtudomány körébe, amely rendeltetésénél fogva különbözik tőle, hiszen míg a jog feladata a társadalomban gyakran előforduló kapcsolatok szabályozása és az ezek kapcsán felmerülő konfliktusok rendezése, addig az irodalom fiktív élethelyzetek és események ábrázolása révén kérdésekkel szembesíti az olvasót.
A jelen tanulmány célja az, hogy a népszerű spekulatív irodalomra fókuszálva betekintést
nyújtson a spekulatív fikció és a jog közötti kapcsolat elemzésének lehetőségeibe. A vizsgálódásnak kettős, látszólag ellentmondásos indoka van. Az irodalomban a spekulatív fikció hosszú ideig a „szórakoztató irodalom” kategóriájába volt „száműzve”, és gyakran úgy
tekintettek rá, mint puszta felszínes kikapcsolódásra. Ez a sztereotípia bizonyos fokig még
napjainkban is tartja magát, miközben a spekulatív fikció egyre inkább szerves részét képezi
a kultúrafogyasztásnak és az azon keresztül történő világértelmezésnek. A spekulatív fikció egyre hangsúlyosabb jelenlétével párhuzamosan, legkésőbb az 1980-as évekkel kezdődően a jogtudomány is elkezdett reflektálni arra, mit mondhat a kultúrának ez a szegmense a jogászok számára. Tanulmányom ehhez a kezdeményezéshez kíván csatlakozni. Az
alábbiakban először körvonalazok két vonulatot a „jog és irodalom” kutatások körén belül,
amelyek alapján meglátásom szerint a jog különböző aspektusai világíthatók meg az irodalomkutatás bevonásával. Ezek áttekintését követően a spekulatív fikció és a „komoly”
irodalom elhatárolásával kapcsolatos fő megfontolásokra és azok létjogosultságára térek
ki. A tanulmány záró szakaszában – mintegy „esettanulmány” jelleggel – egy konkrét alkotás – Ian McDonald Luna-trilógiája – „jog és irodalom” nézőpontú elemzését végzem el.
BERFIKIR TEORITIS DAN GRAND TEORI DALAM ILMU SOSIAL
Authors: ULFA SANTI NOFRIA , FITRISIA AZMI , FATIMAH SITI
Published: December 2024

This article discusses critical thinking and grand theory in social sciences and their relationship in the social context of how to think theoretically in its application and development of grand theory in social sciences, writing this article uses a library method or literature study. Theoretical thinking uses a way to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information objectively to explain social phenomena that have the purpose of using abstract concepts and ideologies. Grand theory in social sciences seeks to provide a comprehensive framework of understanding of social structure, power dynamics, and the relationship between individuals and society. This article discusses how critical thinking and grand theory help in research studies or social scientists to analyze the truth and develop more relevant approaches through a review of the main theories in social sciences in the ever-evolving changes. It is concluded that critical thinking is an important element in formulating and developing grand theory in social sciences that can provide in-depth insights into social structure and social change.
ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas terkait berfikir kritis dan grand teori dalam ilmu sosial serta ketarkaitan keduanya dalam konteks sosial bagaimana berfikir teoritis dalam penerapannya dan pengembangan grand teori dalam ilmu sosial, penulisan artikel ini menggunakan motede kepustakaan atau studi literatur. Berfikir teoritis menggunaan cara untuk menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan menafsirkan informasi secara objektif untuk menjelaskan fenomena sosial yang memiliki tujuan penggunaan konsep-konsep dan ideologi abstrak. Grand teori dalam ilmu sosial berusaha untuk memberikan kerangka pemahaman yang menyeluruh mengenai struktur sosial, dinamika kekuasaan, serta hubungan antara individu dan masyarakat. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana berpikir kritis dan grand teori membantu dalam kajian penelitian atai ilmuan sosial untuk menganalisa kebenaran dan mengembangkan pendekatan yang lebih relevan melalui tinjauan terhadap teori-teori utama dalam ilmu sosial dalam perubahan yang terus berkembang. Maka disimpulkan bahwa berpikir kritis merupakan elemen penting dalam merumuskan dan mengembangkan grand teori dalam ilmu sosial yang dapat memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang struktur sosial dan perubahan sosial.
KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN KRIYA TENUN IKAT SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG KEBERLANJUTAN INDIKATOR PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN SIKKA
Authors: INTAN AGUSTINA NONA , RETU MARKUS KRISTIAN , SEDU VIKTOR ARYESTIAN , MUSTAFA INTAN
Published: December 2024

Woven fabric is a handicraft that has been passed down from generation to generation and has become a local cultural identity. Woven fabric can be used at traditional events, parties or when welcoming guests. Each motif on woven fabric has cultural meaning and moral values ??that can support tourism sustainability. The aim of this research is to determine marketing communications for weaving crafts as supporting the sustainability of tourism indicators in Sikka Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using interview, observation and documentation methods. The data analysis technique is carried out by reducing, presenting the data and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the implementation of marketing communication strategies for weaving crafts supports the sustainability of tourism indicators, namely products, prices, places and promotions which include sales promotions and individual sales. Apart from that, digital media can also be used to increase the tourist attraction of woven sarongs. Carry out marketing through cultural performances which are regularly held every year and do marketing through educational tours about weaving crafts.
ABSTRAKKain tenun merupakan hasil kerajinan tangan yang diwariskan secara turun temurun dan menjadi identitas budaya setempat. Kain tenun dapat dipakai pada acara adat, pesta ataupun pada saat menyambut tamu. Setiap motif pada kain tenun memiliki makna budaya dan nilai moral yang dapat mendukung keberlanjutan pariwisata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komunikasi pemasaran kriya tenun sebagai pendukung keberlanjutan indikator pariwisata di Kabupaten Sikka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi, menyajikan data dan manarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi komunikasi pemasaran kriya tenun sebagai pendukung keberlanjutan indikator pariwista yaitu meliputi produk, harga, tempat dan promosi yang meliputi promosi penjualan dan penjualan perorangan. Disamping itu juga dapat menggunakan media digital untuk meningkatkan daya tarik pariwisata terhadap sarung tenun. Melakukan pemasaran melalui pentas budaya yang rutin diadakan setiap tahun dan melakukan pemasaran melalui wisata edukasi tentang kerajinan tenun.
LITERATUR REVIEW: PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SPINNING WHEEL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CAPAIAN MENULIS NARATIF SISWA KELAS 4 SD
Authors: BAMBANG BAMBANG , SARWI SARWI , SUDARMIN SUDARMIN
Published: December 2024

Writing is an essential skill in learning Indonesian language that needs to be mastered by elementary school students. However, many students, including grade 4 elementary school students, face difficulties in writing coherent and interesting narratives. This study aims to review the development and effectiveness of Spinning Wheel learning media in improving narrative writing skills. This literature review integrates constructivism theory and game-based learning to explore the benefits of interactive media in learning. The results of the review indicate that the use of Spinning Wheel can improve students' motivation, participation, and writing skills. This is achieved through active interactions that encourage creativity and better organization of ideas. In addition, Spinning Wheel allows for random exploration of story elements, which hones students' critical thinking skills. These findings can be the basis for the development of more innovative media and teaching approaches in the future.
ABSTRAKMenulis merupakan keterampilan esensial dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang perlu dikuasai siswa sekolah dasar. Meskipun demikian, banyak siswa, termasuk kelas 4 SD, menghadapi kesulitan dalam menulis narasi yang koheren dan menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengembangan dan efektivitas media pembelajaran Spinning Wheel dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis naratif. Literatur review ini mengintegrasikan teori konstruktivisme dan pembelajaran berbasis permainan untuk mengeksplorasi manfaat media interaktif dalam pembelajaran. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Spinning Wheel dapat meningkatkan motivasi, partisipasi, dan kemampuan menulis siswa. Hal ini dicapai melalui interaksi aktif yang mendorong kreativitas dan pengorganisasian ide secara lebih baik. Selain itu, Spinning Wheel memungkinkan eksplorasi elemen cerita secara acak, yang mengasah keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan media dan pendekatan pengajaran yang lebih inovatif di masa depan.
ORIENTASI SANTRI PAPUA DAN NTT PADA PEMBELAJARAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN BUSTANUL MANSURIYAH KAJEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: YAZID M. ABA , PANGESTI MAULIDA AYU
Published: December 2024

The research conducted was about the orientation of Papuan and NTT students in learning at the Bustanul Mansuriyah Kajen Pekalongan Islamic Boarding School. This study aims to determine the orientation of Papuan and NTT students in learning at the Islamic boarding school, as well as the factors that influence this orientation. The research method used was qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study showed that the orientation of Papuan and NTT students in learning at the Islamic boarding school was dominated by religious orientation and academic orientation. Factors that influence this orientation include family background, social environment, and previous experiences. This study is expected to provide an overview of the orientation of Papuan and NTT students in learning at the Islamic boarding school and can be a reference for the development of education in the area.
ABSTRAKPenelitian yang dilakukan adalah tentang orientasi santri Papua dan NTT pada pembelajaran di Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Mansuriyah Kajen Pekalongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui orientasi santri Papua dan NTT dalam pembelajaran di pondok pesantren, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi orientasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi santri Papua dan NTT dalam pembelajaran di pondok pesantren didominasi oleh orientasi agama dan orientasi akademik. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi orientasi tersebut antara lain latar belakang keluarga, lingkungan sosial, dan pengalaman sebelumnya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai orientasi santri Papua dan NTT dalam pembelajaran di pondok pesantren dan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pengembangan pendidikan di daerah tersebut.
High metabolic zinc demand within native Amundsen and Ross sea phytoplankton communities determined by stable isotope uptake rate measurements
Authors: Kell Riss M. , Chmiel Rebecca J. , Rao Deepa , Moran Dawn M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Horner Tristan J. , Schanke Nicole L. , Sugiyama Ichiko , Dunbar Robert B. , DiTullio Giacomo R. , Saito Mak A.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for most eukaryotic phytoplankton. Zn uptake by phytoplankton within the euphotic zone results in nutrient-like dissolved Zn (dZn) profiles with a large dynamic range. The combination of key biochemical uses for Zn and large vertical gradients in dZn implies the potential for rapid rates of Zn removal from the surface ocean. However, due to the ease of contamination at sea, direct measurements of dZn uptake within natural environments have not been previously made. To investigate the demand for dZn and for dissolved cadmium (dCd; a closely related nutrient-like element) within Southern Ocean phytoplankton communities, we conducted 67Zn and 110Cd tracer uptake experiments within the Amundsen Sea, Ross Sea, and Terra Nova Bay of the Southern Ocean. We observed a high magnitude of Zn uptake (ρZn > 100 pmol dZn L−1 d−1) into the particulate phase that was consistent with ambient depleted dZn surface concentrations. High biomass and low partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater (seawater pCO2) appeared to contribute to ρZn, which also led to increases in ρCd likely through the upregulation of shared transport systems. These high ρZn measurements further imply that only short timescales are needed to deplete the large winter dZn inventory down to the observed surface levels in this important carbon-capturing region. Overall, the high magnitude of Zn uptake into the particulate fraction suggests that even in the Zn-rich waters of the Southern Ocean, high Zn uptake rates can lead to Zn depletion and potential Zn scarcity.
The coesite–stishovite transition of hydrous, Al-bearing SiO2: an in situ synchrotron X-ray study
Authors: Koch-Müller Monika , Lathe Christian , Wunder Bernd , Appelt Oona , Bhat Shrikant , Ebert Andreas , Farla Robert , Roddatis Vladimir , Schreiber Anja , Wirth Richard
Published: December 2024

Abstract. We examined the influence of Al2O3 and H2O on the position of the coesite–stishovite transition by means of in situ X-ray diffraction measurements with the large-volume press at the PETRA III synchrotron in Hamburg. The position of the transition was determined by several reversal experiments and was found to be shifted almost in parallel by about 1.5 GPa to lower pressures compared to results for the pure SiO2 system reported by Ono et al. (2017). Two further reversal experiments with either additional Al2O3 or additional H2O added to SiO2 showed smaller changes compared to the results of Ono et al. (2017), indicating the effect of the coupled Al and H incorporation in coesite and stishovite on their transition. Further investigations of the solid quenched products and of products from additional multi-anvil experiments performed at the GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum für Geoforschung in Potsdam were done by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Generally, the recovered samples of the in situ experiments contained less stishovite than expected from the last in situ XRD pattern before quenching. Thus, these investigations clearly show that hydrous, Al-rich stishovite that formed at high pressure (P) and temperature (T) could, at least partly, not be quenched to room conditions and transformed to coesite with unusually high (Al, H) contents. As result of this, conventional quench experiments would lead to erroneous results of the transition in the (Al, H)-bearing SiO2 system. We observed two kinds of coesite in the experiments: one relatively Al-poor coesite transformed under equilibrium conditions at P and T from stishovite over a certain time frame and an Al-richer one, sometimes pseudomorphically replacing former stishovite during the decompression process to room conditions. Within both types of coesite, nanometre-sized kyanite inclusions and relicts or remnants of stishovite were observed by TEM. These observations resemble those of Yang et al. (2007) on ophiolites with identical textures and phases and were interpreted as result of a stishovite transition back to coesite during retrograde metamorphism. Our results clearly indicate that the coesite–stishovite transition is sharp but can considerably vary in depth by the addition of Al and H to the SiO2 system. This has consequences for the assignment and interpretation of the depth variation of the seismic X discontinuity.
Simulation of snow albedo and solar irradiance profile with the Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES) v2.0 model
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Libois Quentin
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES) model computes the spectral albedo and the profiles of spectral absorption, irradiance, and actinic fluxes for a multi-layer plane-parallel snowpack. Each snow layer is characterized by its specific surface area, density, and impurity content, in addition to shape parameters. In the landscape of snow optical numerical models, TARTES distinguishes itself by taking into account different shapes of the particles through two shape parameters, namely the absorption enhancement parameter B and the asymmetry factor g. This is of primary importance as recent studies working at the microstructure level have demonstrated that snow does not behave as a collection of equivalent ice spheres, a representation widely used in other models. Instead, B and g take specific values that do not correspond to any simple geometrical shape, which leads to the concept of the “optical shape of snow”. Apart from this specificity, TARTES combines well-established radiative transfer principles to compute the scattering and absorption coefficients of pure or polluted snow, as well as the δ-Eddington two-stream approximation to solve the multi-layer radiative transfer equation. The model is implemented in Python, but conducting TARTES simulations is also possible without any programming through the SnowTARTES web application, making it very accessible to non-experts and for teaching purposes. Here, after describing the theoretical and technical details of the model, we illustrate its main capabilities and present some comparisons with other common snow radiative transfer models (AART, DISORT-Mie, SNICAR-ADv3) as a validation procedure. Overall the agreement on the spectral albedo, when in compatible conditions (i.e., with spheres), is usually within 0.02 and is better in the visible and near-infrared range compared to longer wavelengths.
Lambda-PFLOTRAN 1.0: a workflow for incorporating organic matter chemistry informed by ultra high resolution mass spectrometry into biogeochemical modeling
Authors: Muller Katherine A. , Jiang Peishi , Hammond Glenn , Ahmadullah Tasneem , Song Hyun-Seob , Kukkadapu Ravi , Ward Nicholas , Bowe Madison , Chu Rosalie K. , Zhao Qian , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa A. , Roebuck Alan , Chen Xingyuan
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Organic matter (OM) composition plays a central role in microbial respiration of dissolved organic matter and subsequent biogeochemical reactions. Here, a direct connection of organic matter chemistry and thermodynamics to reactive transport simulators has been achieved through the newly developed Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow tool that succinctly incorporates carbon chemistry data generated from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) into reaction networks to simulate organic matter degradation and the resulting biogeochemistry. Lambda-PFLOTRAN is a Python-based workflow, executed through a Jupyter notebook interface, that digests raw FTICR-MS data, develops a representative reaction network based on substrate-explicit thermodynamic modeling (also termed lambda modeling due to its key thermodynamic parameter λ used therein), and completes a biogeochemical simulation with the open source, reactive flow and transport code PFLOTRAN. The workflow consists of the following five steps: configuration, thermodynamic (lambda) analysis, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation, and simulation output and visualization. Two test cases are provided to demonstrate the functionality of the Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow. The first test case uses laboratory incubation data of temporal oxygen depletion to fit lambda parameters (i.e., maximum utilization rate and microbial carrying capacity). A slightly more complex second test case fits multiple lambda formulation and soil organic matter release parameters to temporal greenhouse gas generation measured during a soil incubation. Overall, the Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow facilitates upscaling by using molecular-scale characterization to inform biogeochemical processes occurring at larger scales.
The significance of the leaf area index for evapotranspiration estimation in SWAT-T for characteristic land cover types of West Africa
Authors: Merk Fabian , Schaffhauser Timo , Anwar Faizan , Tuo Ye , Cohard Jean-Martial , Disse Markus
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is pivotal in the terrestrial water cycle in subhumid and tropical regions. In the water cycle, the contribution of plant transpiration can be distinctively more significant than soil evaporation. The seasonal dynamics of plant phenology, commonly represented as the vegetation attribute leaf area index (LAI), closely correlates with actual ET (AET). Hence, addressing the reciprocal LAI–AET interaction is essential for practitioners and researchers to comprehensively quantify the hydrological processes in water resources management, particularly in the perennially vegetated regions of West Africa. However, due to a lack of field measurements, evaluation of the LAI–AET interaction still remains challenging. Hence, our study aims to improve the understanding of the role of the LAI in AET estimation by investigating characteristic regions of West Africa. We set up ecohydrological models (using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the tropics – SWAT-T) for two homogeneous land cover types (forest and grassland) to guarantee the representativeness of field measurements for the LAI and AET. We apply different potential ET methods (the Hargreaves; Penman–Monteith – PET-PM; and Priestley–Taylor methods) to evaluate the LAI–AET interaction in SWAT-T. Further, the elementary effects method quantifies the parameter sensitivity for 27 relevant LAI–AET parameters. The comprehensive parameter set is then optimized using the shuffled complex evolution algorithm. Finally, we apply a benchmarking test to assess the performance of SWAT-T with respect to the simulation of AET and to determine the relevance of detailed LAI modeling. The results show that SWAT-T is capable of accurately predicting the LAI and AET at the footprint scale. While all three PET methods facilitate adequate modeling of the LAI and AET, the PET-PM technique outperforms the other methods for AET, independent of the land cover type. Moreover, the benchmarking highlights that, if it only accounts for the LAI but disregards AET data, an optimization process's prediction of AET still yields an adequate performance with SWAT-T for all PET methods and land cover types. Our findings demonstrate that the significance of detailed LAI modeling for the AET estimation is more pronounced in the forested than in the grassland region.
Stepwise Oligocene–Miocene breakdown of subpolar gyres and strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Hoem Frida S. , van den Broek Karlijn , López-Quirós Adrián , van de Lagemaat Suzanna H. A. , Bohaty Steve M. , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Larter Robert D. , van Peer Tim E. , Brinkhuis Henk , Sangiorgi Francesca , Bijl Peter K.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Through the Cenozoic (66–0 Ma), the dominant mode of ocean surface circulation in the Southern Ocean transitioned from two large subpolar gyres to circumpolar circulation with a strong Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and complex ocean frontal system. Recent investigations in the southern Indian and Pacific oceans show warm Oligocene surface water conditions with weak frontal systems that started to strengthen and migrate northwards during the late Oligocene. However, due to the paucity of sedimentary records and regional challenges with traditional proxy methods, questions remain about the southern Atlantic oceanographic transition from gyral to circumpolar circulation, with associated development of frontal systems and sea ice cover in the Weddell Sea. Our ability to reconstruct past Southern Ocean surface circulation and the dynamic latitudinal positions of the frontal systems has improved over the past decade. Specifically, increased understanding of the modern ecologic affinity of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages from the Southern Ocean has improved reconstructions of distinct past oceanographic conditions (sea surface temperature, salinity, nutrients, and sea ice) using downcore assemblages from marine sediment records. Here we present new late Oligocene to latest Miocene (∼ 26–5 Ma) dinocyst assemblage data from marine sediment cores in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1536, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 696 and piston cores from Maurice Ewing Bank). We compare these to previously published latest Eocene–latest Miocene (∼ 37–5 Ma) dinocyst assemblage records and sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions available from the SW Atlantic Ocean in order to reveal oceanographic changes as the Southern Ocean gateways widen and deepen. The observed dinocyst assemblage changes across the latitudes suggest a progressive retraction of the subpolar gyre and southward migration of the subtropical gyre in the Oligocene–early Miocene, with strengthening of frontal systems and progressive cooling since the middle Miocene (∼ 14 Ma). Our data are in line with the timing of the removal of bathymetric and geographic obstructions in the Drake Passage and Tasmanian Gateway regions, which enhanced deep-water throughflow that broke down gyral circulation into the Antarctic circumpolar flow. Although the geographic and temporal coverage of the data is relatively limited, they provide a first insight into the surface oceanographic evolution of the late Cenozoic southern Atlantic Ocean.
Cambios organizacionales que se producen al obtener una certificación ISO 9000
Authors: Maya Mendoza Javier , Llanos Luis Felipe , Beltrán del Río César Vela
Published: December 2024

La certificación del sistema de gestión de calidad de una empresa ante las normas ISO 9000 puede originar cambios organizacionales en la operación de los procesos, en la forma de analizar y solucionar problemas de índole administrativa y operativa, en la toma de decisiones, entre otros. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los principales cambios que se presentan en las organizaciones que se certifican ante esta norma internacional. El método de investigación consistió en el diseño y la aplicación de un cuestionario a través de entrevistas estructuradas a 85 personas de diferentes posiciones organizacionales que han participado en el proceso de certificación de un sistema de gestión de calidad ante las normas ISO 9000. La tipología de investigación es del tipo cualitativo, descriptivo, analítico y propositivo. Los resultados demostraron que los cambios que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en las organizaciones certificadas son: la formalización organizacional, el establecimiento de objetivos y la mejora en el flujo de información, por lo que se concluye que en las empresas que obtienen la certificación ISO 9000 se producen cambios positivos para la óptima gestión de las mismas.
La escritura como vía hacia una posible artesanía del sujeto: una aproximación desde el goce femenino
Authors: González Fernández Cristina
Published: December 2024

Este ensayo pretende ser una reflexión sobre las implicaciones subjetivas de la escritura. Para ello, se partirá de algunos de los conceptos que componen la última parte de la teoría psicoanalítica de Jacques Lacan, tales como «letra» y «goce femenino». Una vez que estos conceptos sean desplegados, será posible abordar la cuestión de la escritura como una forma de organización del vacío inscrita en el modo de goce no-todo, lo que abrirá la posibilidad de pensarla como un proceso que repercute en el sujeto a través de la erosión causada por el desvelamiento de semblantes. El recorrido de la reflexión estará reforzado por obras filosóficas y literarias que también abordan esta cuestión de la escritura.
Relações de ensino para a alfabetização: diálogos entre semeaduras, podas e (re)florescimentos
Authors: Pereira Bárbara Cortella , Silva Danilo Garcia da , Fontes Débora Fernandes
Published: December 2024

O artigo propõe refletir alguns conceitos importantes no campo da Alfabetização considerados a partir de sua constituição ao longo dos 40 anos da perspectiva discursivo-dialógica. Partindo de um viés metafórico, os autores buscam construir tal reflexão focando as relações de ensino, a constituição de autorias e a relação de professoras e crianças na constituição de textos com sentidos e significados, elaborados a partir do despertar da consciência autoral como maneira pela qual esses sujeitos podem realizar leituras de mundo autênticas tendo a linguagem constituidora de sua escritura e inscrição no mundo, a partir de relações com os Outros pela lente da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados indicam que pelas relações de ensino surge possibilidades para a mobilização de desejos e da capacidade de as crianças se relacionarem e se posicionarem frente ao mundo e com/sobre suas próprias produções.
Governance and Sustainable Development: The Role of Environmental Performance at the Country Level
Authors: Naz Sana , Ditta Allah , Ramzan Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the role of environmental performance and governance in promoting sustainable development. This study employs secondary data spanning from 2015 to 2022 from different sources, including the World Governance Indicators Index, the environmental performance of the countries, and sustainable development goals. We used Eviews-9 software and applied panel regression techniques to analyses the data. We found that there was a negative impact of governance on sustainable development, and results suggested that the governments, policy makers, and other stakeholders have to change the existing model of governance to achieve sustainable development goals. In contrast, environmental performance positively affects sustainable development, indicating that in order to achieve sustainable development goals, the government, businesses, and other stakeholders must concentrate on the environmental performance of their respective nations. Moreover, a country’s environmental performance mediates the relationship between governance and sustainable development goals. The findings indicated that environmental performance has a mediating role in achieving sustainable development and that governance alone is insufficient to do so. As a result, for the country to promote sustainable development goals, all stakeholders must support environmental protection initiatives.
The Realization Rule as a Legal Standard
Authors: Speck Sloan G.
Published: December 2024

The realization “rule” in tax law is better characterized as a legal standard. This characterization matters after the Supreme Court’s decision in Moore v. United States, which sets the stage for future courts to decide that the Constitution mandates realization—an identifiable event before accrued income is reportable by taxpayers. The stakes of a constitutional realization requirement are underappreciated. Because current statutory law embeds realization as a background principle, a constitutional realization requirement would operate as a taxpayer-initiated antiabuse doctrine—a sword that taxpayers could use selectively to invalidate parts of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. This novel constitutional tool has adverse, and underappreciated, implications for the U.S. tax system’s structure and complexity.      Through the lens of the longstanding academic literature on legal rules and standards, the dangers of a constitutional realization requirement extend beyond top-down risks to individual Internal Revenue Code provisions or, as the Moore majority posited, entire taxing regimes. Instead, a constitutional realization requirement threatens to erode federal income tax law from the bottom up, through incremental public and private challenges to the fundamental mechanics of taxation. Realization and nonrealization permeate business entity taxation in deeply technical ways. In these areas, a constitutional realization requirement may facilitate aggressive private planning, undermine the law’s coherence, and dampen reform efforts. Even Moore’s whisper of a constitutional realization requirement ventures into poorly charted territory, with potentially detrimental consequences that may prove difficult to unwind.     Moreover, a constitutional realization requirement portends increased complexity in tax law. Government-asserted antiabuse doctrines constrain complexity by allowing lawmakers to write simpler rules that cover high-frequency transactions. Low-frequency transactions, including those that reflect inappropriate tax planning, are addressed through (and discouraged by) open-ended standards in the enforcement process. As a taxpayer-initiated antiabuse doctrine, a constitutional realization requirement would have the reverse effect, increasing complexity by increasing the frequency of tax-planned transactions, encouraging more costly government responses to taxpayer abuse, and changing the dynamics of enforcement. The resulting complexity would be systemic—and could increase over time.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE IN THE AIR GAP OF SIX-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
Authors: Todos Petru , Tertea Ghenadie , Nuca Ilie
Published: December 2024

Asynchronous motors with six and more phases (usually n-three-phase) are increasingly accepted in electric drive systems of road transport, marine and even aeronautical transport. Multiphase machines are credited with multiple advantages such as: less torque ripple, better power distribution per phase, higher efficiency and fault tolerance capability compared to traditional three-phase machines. There are many publications, but few of them are dedicated to the in-depth study of the multiphase motor (m>3) and especially of the magnetic field in its air gap. The purpose of the present paper: the development of the mathematical model of the magnetomotive force in the air gap of the six-phase asynchronous machines, which determines the fundamental properties of the machine, the structure of the magnetic field and the torque developed, the efficiency, the error tolerance. The research is based on analytical studies and the results of suitable experimental measurements. The paper presents the mathematical model for the harmonic analysis of the magnetomotive force in the air gap of six-phase machines with possible variants of windings on the stator. Based on this study, it was demonstrated that only n-three-phase machines with asymmetrically arranged stator windings have the ability to attenuate higher harmonics with a major negative effect on the developed torque, the applicability and efficiency of traditional tools for reducing higher harmonics in the case of six-phase machines was confirmed. The results of measurements carried out on samples of six-phase machines confirm the findings and conclusions formulated in the paper.
FLEXIBLE SYNCHRONOUS REGULATION OF POWER ELECTRONIC BLOCKS OF TRANSFORMER-BASED PHOTOVOLTAIC STATIONS
Authors: Oleschuk Valentin
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of developing a scheme for synchronous pulse-width modulation (PWM) of signals in dual voltage source diode-clamped inverters (VSDCIs) used in grid-tied, transformer-based photovoltaic (PV) stations. This scheme is based on the continuous regulation of the switching frequency of the inverters relative to the magnitude of the DC voltages of the PV strings, ensuring equivalence of switching losses across each inverter. The proposed control and PWM techniques ensure the elimination of even-order harmonics and subharmonics in spectra of voltage at inverter-side windings of power transformer, helping to increase the operating efficiency of inverter-based PV stations. Simulation results showed a behavior of operation of dual-VSDCI-based PV installations with the proposed control strategy.