bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does prosody play a specific role in conversational humor?
Authors: Bertrand Roxane , Priego-Valverde Béatrice
Published: March 2014

In this paper we use Conversation Analysis (CA) to investigate conversational humor in talk-in-interaction. We attempt to better understand how the latter is produced and co-constructed by participants accounting for the devices used by participants in their sequential environment. The framework of CA enables us to take into account the various means available to speakers to communicate, orient to others, etc. From our data, reported speech, confirmation request/answer, and repetitions appear as the main discursive devices to create humor (presented as the result of the appearance of incongruity). We focused on prosodic cues that are strongly involved in these devices and then contribute to the humorous tonality of the talk. Finally, the co-construction of conversational humor is mainly described through the notion of orientation and prosodic orientation.
Prosody of humor in Sex and the City
Authors: Urios-Aparisi Eduardo , Wagner Manuela Maria
Published: March 2014

This chapter investigates the role of prosody in conversational humor in the HBO series Sex and the City (SATC) in an exploratory study. Specifically, we examine how pitch and pauses are part of the prosodic bundle that can be used to mark an utterance as humoristic. We find that the use of prosodic resources participates not only in the marking but also the creation of humor. We conclude that pitch variation and pauses can be used as communicative strategies and can have cognitive benefits. They are part of the performance of humor and participate in the characterization of the personage. The authors suggest the existence of a repertoire of prosodic devices associated to humor and to a particular discourse.
Recent developments in metaphor theory
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán
Published: March 2014

Several scholars have proposed alternative views to conceptual metaphor theory (see, for example, Ortony, 1993; Barnden, 2006; Wilson and Carston, 2006, 2008; Vega, 2007; Gibbs, 2008). How are the modified, refined, and alternative theories related to each other and standard conceptual metaphor theory, and which theory provides the best account of the phenomenon of metaphor? The particular approaches I will consider in this paper include the theory of metaphor as categorization, standard conceptual metaphor theory, blending theory, the neural theory of metaphor, conceptual metaphor theory as based on the idea of main meaning focus, and relevance theory. I will present the various theories through the analysis of a single metaphorical sentence: This surgeon is a butcher. I will propose that conceptual metaphor theory as based on the idea of the main meaning focus gives us a good way of characterizing the emergence of the sentence’s meaning. This characterization consists of a four-stage process. First, there exist two independent conceptual categories: BUTCHERY and SURGERY. Second, due to the similarity between the two, a metaphorical relationship is established between them. Third, the property of incompetence emerges in the concept of BUTCHERY in light of and against the background of the concept of SURGERY. Fourth, this property is projected into the blend, in which the property will now characterize the surgeon. I will point out that this approach is compatible with several other views, such as Ruiz de Mendoza’s Combined Input Hypothesis and with aspects of relevance theory.
The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!
Authors: Steen Gerard J.
Published: March 2014

This paper outlines a multi-dimensional/multi-disciplinary framework for the study of metaphor. It expands on the cognitive linguistic approach to metaphor in language and thought by adding the dimension of communication, and it expands on the predominantly linguistic and psychological approaches by adding the discipline of social science. This creates a map of the field in which nine main areas of research can be distinguished and connected to each other in precise ways. It allows for renewed attention to the deliberate use of metaphor in communication, in contrast with non-deliberate use, and asks the question whether the interaction between deliberate and non-deliberate use of metaphor in specific social domains can contribute to an explanation of the discourse career of metaphor. The suggestion is made that metaphorical models in language, thought, and communication can be classified as official, contested, implicit, and emerging, which may offer new perspectives on the interaction between social, psychological, and linguistic properties and functions of metaphor in discourse.
Productivity of Spanish verb–noun compounds
Authors: Yoon Jiyoung
Published: March 2014

This study examines Spanish verb–noun compounds in terms of the role played by, and the relationship between, metonymy and metaphor in generating them. After exploring different referent types denoted by Spanish verb–noun compounds such as instrument, agent, place, plant, animal/insect, and causer event, sample examples are analyzed in each referent type for their conceptualization patterns. The analytical tools are based on the notion of domain-internal and domain-external conceptual mappings for metonymy and metaphor, respectively, as well as on the model proposed in the Combined Input Hypothesis for the analysis of metaphors involving multiple inputs. The analysis of the data shows that there are at least four metonymic and metaphoric patterns involved in Spanish verb–noun compounds and that these patterns are productive. The four patters are: (i) only metonymy is involved; (ii) target-in-source metonymy is derived from metaphor; (iii) metaphor is derived from target-in-source metonymy, and (iv) metonymy is derived from a metaphor which is derived from metonymy. This study proposes that these four types of metonymic and metaphoric patterns mediate the production of novel Spanish verb–noun compounds. The implication of this finding is that the more complex the cognitive operations involved in verb–noun compounds, the less predictable the meaning of the compound will be for the language users who first hear them; but once learnt, the meaning of the compound is stored as a whole unit in their mental lexicon. An analysis of a larger corpus of data in future studies will reveal a more comprehensive picture of the relational patterns involved in Spanish verb–noun compounds.
Motion metaphors in discourse construction
Authors: Garrido Joaquín
Published: March 2014

Motion metaphors occur at different levels, from prepositional phrases to discourse, including theoretical metaphors. After reviewing Relevance Theory as a bottom-up approach, and Cognitive Linguistics and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory as top-down ones, an integrated approach to metaphor in discourse construction is developed, based on a cognitive operation of connection of lower units into higher ones, similar to subsumption in the Lexical Constructional Model and to chunking in the Usage-Based Approach.

In discourse construction, as the analysis of press and poetry examples show, either a motion metaphor may contribute to the discourse structure, or it may result from it. Discourses are packed into text structures; live discourse metaphors develop into text-type metaphors on their way to conventionalization. Metaphor and discourse construction are bottom-up processes, since they result from connection of lower units, but they are also top-down, based on properties of higher units, domains in metaphor and relations in discourse.
The adaptation of metaphors across genres
Authors: Semino Elena
Published: March 2014

In this paper I consider the ways in which a metaphor that was first introduced in an article on pain mechanisms published in Science has been adapted and developed in a selection of texts that can be broadly described as ‘educational’: a neuroscience website aimed at children, a self-help guide for chronic pain sufferers, and a book aimed at medical professionals. In the course of the discussion I point out both the advantages and potential disadvantages of these developments. As such, this paper aims to make a contribution to a growing body of research on metaphor in actual contexts of use, and particularly on variation in the use of metaphor across genres that are aimed at different audiences.
Multimodal metonymy and metaphor as complex discourse resources for creativity in ICT advertising discourse
Authors: Hidalgo-Downing Laura , Kraljevic Mujic Blanca
Published: March 2014

In this paper we carry out a study of multimodal metaphors in a corpus of 52 ICT advertisements published in English-speaking magazines during the period 1999–2002. The general theoretical framework adopted for this purpose is a combination of text world theory and of a multimodal approach to metaphor in discourse, which in turn draws from the principles of conceptual metaphor theory and of discourse theories. The main argument presented in this study is that metaphor is a key instrument in the presentation and negotiation of conventional and creative meanings in advertising discourse as a type of public discourse. More specifically, ICT advertisements during the time period 1999–2002 are particularly interesting for the study of metaphor because of the combination of conventional and innovative underlying concepts which are grounded in the specific socio-cultural context of recent advances in new technologies. In this sense, metaphor contributes to the discourse functions of display, by inviting the receiver to identify with fantasy worlds which are rooted in assumed patterns of socio-cultural behaviour and which are presented in the ad, and to the functions of persuasion and of cognitive change. First, we have identified and classified multimodal metaphors in the corpus according to their cognitive-functional type, then, following Semino (2008) we have identified predominant discourse patterns of metaphorical occurrences. Finally, we have identified the main resources for creativity in the advertisements. We have also studied how the combinations of individual micro-propositional metaphors give rise to extended metaphors which revolve around the megametaphor LIFE IS A CYBERSPACE JOURNEY. This megametaphor invites the receiver to reinterpret the more conventional metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY in terms of the new advances and experiences in society regarding IC technologies.
How patent can patents be?
Authors: Sancho Guinda Carmen , Arinas Pellón Ismael
Published: March 2014

This paper examines the import of figurative language (specifically of conceptual and grammatical metaphors) in the discourse of engineering patents, a genre hardly researched for stylistic and pedagogical purposes and traditionally regarded as highly impersonal. To that end, a corpus of over 300 US electro-mechanical patents has been analysed with the aid of a concordancing tool and applying a threefold convergent framework that gathers the metafunctions of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1978, 1985), the Applied Linguistic Approach to Metaphor (Low, 2008) and the Metadiscursive Approach (Hyland, 2000, 2005). Findings reveal a complex network of metaphorical schemata, most non-deliberate, which constitute a tripartite choice dependent on the legal culture, the discipline and, to a lesser extent, on the authorial voice. It also binds patent writers into a community of practice (Wenger, 1998) sharing a phraseological repertoire basically acquired by imitation and whose creative and confident use requires explicit instruction.
Euphemistic conceptual metaphors in epitaphs from Highgate Cemetery
Authors: Crespo-Fernández Eliecer
Published: March 2014

Death is a timeless taboo in which psychological, religious and social interdictions coexist. In consequence, human beings feel reluctant to deal with the subject of death using straightforward terms and therefore tend to soften the effect of what they really wish to communicate. With this in mind, it is the aim of this paper to explore the euphemistic language on a sample of epitaphs from the Eastern Highgate Cemetery in London. As figurative language constitutes a potent source for death-related euphemism, the present study proceeds to trace an account of the different conceptual metaphors in epitaphs within the framework of Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The results obtained support the idea that most of the conceptualizations of death observed in the gravestones imply a positive value-judgment of human mortality and aim at assisting those left alive in coping with the pain of loss and the fear of dying.
Cognitive Semantic ways of teaching figurative phrases
Authors: Boers Frank
Published: March 2014

In this article I review studies published between 1996 and 2010 in which the effectiveness of Cognitive-Semantics informed second language pedagogy was put to the test. Altogether, the published evidence is manifestly favourable, although questions remain as to the scope of application of the approach and the precise properties that produce its positive effects. It must also be recognised that Cognitive Semantic ventures into language pedagogy stand a lot to gain from a closer collaboration with ‘mainstream’ applied linguistics, not only with regard to general insights into the nature of second language acquisition but also with regard to this type of research methodology.
Translation Studies and the cognitive theory of metaphor
Authors: Samaniego Fernández Eva
Published: March 2014

Although metaphor has always been a main concern in TS, little has been done to apply a far-raging cognitive theory of metaphor and metonymy to translation. As a rule, the few authors that have tried to deal with it are eclectic in their cognitive approach and show a prescriptive bias as concerns translation theory. However, thanks to the influence of disciplines like Cognitive Linguistics, among others, Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) can undertake a more realistic study of metaphor translation which reflects the true nature of metaphor and the underlying regularities of its interlinguistic transfer, including cases excluded a priori by traditional studies for being ‘unfaithful’, ‘anomalous’ or ‘incorrect’ renderings.
Distinguishing near-synonyms and translation equivalents in metaphorical terms
Authors: Rojo Ana
Published: March 2014

This paper aims to study the applications of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis (MPA) to contrastive analysis and translation by researching the differences in the metaphorical mappings instantiated by the English words ‘crisis’ and ‘recession’ and their translation equivalents in Spanish crisis and recesión. Since no translation or comparable corpora for this type of study are available for English and Spanish, the search engine Webcorp is used to research the occurrences of these terms in news texts via the web sites of a number of different English and Spanish newspapers. Our data reveal language-specific differences in the way in which both the synonyms and their respective translation equivalents participate in the metaphorical mappings found in each language.
Creoles are typologically distinct from non-creoles
Authors: Bakker Peter , Daval-Markussen Aymeric , Parkvall Mikael , Plag Ingo
Published: March 2014

In creolist circles, there has been a long-standing debate whether creoles differ structurally from non-creole languages and thus would form a special class of languages with specific typological properties. This debate about the typological status of creole languages has severely suffered from a lack of systematic empirical study. This paper presents for the first time a number of large-scale empirical investigations of the status of creole languages as a typological class on the basis of different and well-balanced samples of creole and non-creole languages. Using statistical modeling (multiple regression) and recently developed computational tools of quantitative typology (phylogenetic trees and networks), this paper provides robust evidence that creoles indeed form a structurally distinguishable subgroup within the world’s languages. The findings thus seriously challenge approaches that hold that creole languages are structurally indistinguishable from non-creole languages.
Pidgin-creoles as a scattered sprachbund
Authors: Kihm Alain
Published: March 2014

That creole languages resemble each other beyond the diversity of their lexifiers and formative environments is a fact. Similarity should not be overstated, however, as creole languages also differ from each other in important ways. Hence the fundamental issues of creole studies: why are Creoles similar and what makes them different? What kind of a language group do they constitute? A genetic family they certainly are not, nor are they a typological group: creole languages do not constitute a type of their own. Assuming universal grammar viewed as a language bioprogram (LB) to be the principle of creole similarity strongly overstates this similarity. Moreover there are reasons to doubt the reality of the LB.

Actually the kind of partial similarities exhibited by creole languages looks rather like what languages in a sprachbund or linguistic area have in common. How can languages scattered all over the world constitute an area, though? An answer is proposed in this study, which rests on the assumption that creole languages constitute a virtual (non-spatial) area by virtue of their very similar origins, namely strong punctuations involving Basic Variety (pidgin) episodes.
Verbs of visual perception in Italian FrameNet
Authors: Johnson Martina , Lenci Alessandro
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we present a frame semantic analysis of a small group of Italian verbs expressing visual perception, which constitutes the first stage of a project for developing an Italian FrameNet. Our results show a close correspondence between English and Italian perception-related frames. The main element of novelty in our approach is that the creation and annotation of Lexical Units is grounded in distributional information automatically acquired from a large, dependency-parsed corpus, which is balanced against the annotator’s linguistic intuition. We claim that this can help to overcome some of the shortcomings of the classical lexicographic method used to create FrameNet.
Frames and the experiential basis of the Moving Time metaphor
Authors: Moore Kevin Ezra
Published: March 2014

It is not satisfactory to analyze temporal metaphors such Moving Ego (e.g. We are approaching the end of the year) and Moving Time (e.g. The end of the year is approaching) simply as mappings from SPACE to TIME. In this case, the intuitively obvious experiential basis of Moving Ego leads to a paradox if applied (with suitable adjustments) to Moving Time. Frame analysis makes possible an adequate account of the experiential basis of both metaphors.
FrameNet as a resource for paraphrase research
Authors: Hasegawa Yoko , Lee-Goldman Russell , Kong Albert , Akita Kimi
Published: March 2014

Theoretically as well as empirically, paraphrase is a pivotal concept in many academic and nonacademic fields. And yet, its investigation has made very slow progress, due mainly to the lack of a framework that is versatile enough to deal with the nebulous nature of paraphrase in use. This paper demonstrates how the mechanisms of FrameNet can be utilized as a resource for systematic and coherent research into paraphrase. The semantic framework it provides, including detailed frame descriptions, frame-to-frame relations, and the recording of syntactic information, allows one to see in more principled ways why some set of sentences can be considered paraphrases of each other.
A frame-based approach to connectives
Authors: Uchida Satoru , Fujii Seiko
Published: March 2014

This study proposes an extended FrameNet approach for the description of connectives. The meanings of connectives are described with respect to the two frames evoked by each of the conjoined clauses, whose combinational patterns are termed “frame valences”. Taking the English polysemous connective while as an example, features of each meaning were statistically analyzed based on the frame valences using correspondence analysis. The correspondence analysis has revealed that in the contrastive use the same frame tends to be evoked in the conjoined clauses. To test this result, this study has further examined the contrastive connective whereas, which has firmly supported the results of the correspondence analysis and shown that frames that are closely related via ‘frame-to-frame relations’ can be evoked in the contrastive uses. These findings, in turn, corroborate the validity of the frame-based approach for the description of connectives.
Interactional frames and grammatical descriptions
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko
Published: March 2014

Examining usage variations in a Japanese construction, the paper argues that knowledge represented in “interactional frames” (e.g. Fillmore 1982) is an important and integral part of our understanding of the construction. The discussion focuses on variations in noun-modifying constructions (NMCs) that are considered to be non-prototypical in conversational Japanese and demonstrates that social context and the purpose of the on-going discourse are crucially involved in the actual usage of NMCs. The paper suggests the theoretical importance of including pragmatic and sociocultural perspectives in the grammatical description.
Beyond the sentence
Authors: Fischer Kerstin
Published: March 2014

Construction grammarians are still quite reluctant to extend their descriptions to units beyond the sentence. However, the theoretical premises of construction grammar and frame semantics are particularly suited to cover spoken interaction from a cognitive perspective. Furthermore, as construction grammar is anchored in the cognitive linguistics paradigm and as such subscribes to meaning being grounded in experience, it needs to consider interaction since grammatical structures may be grounded not only in sensory-motor, but also in social-interactive experience. The example of grounded language learning experiments demonstrates the anchoring of grammatical mood in interaction. Finally, phenomena peculiar to spoken dialogue, such as pragmatic markers, may be best accounted for as constructions, drawing on frame semantics. The two cognitive linguistic notions, frames and constructions, are therefore particularly useful to account for generalisation in spoken interaction.
2. Interpreting participation
Authors: Pöchhacker Franz
Published: March 2014

This chapter approaches the notion of participation in dialogue interpreting from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. In a review of several analytical proposals for the dis­tinction of speaker and hearer roles, it sketches a multi-level framework based on the distinc­tion between the utterance level and the communicative-event level with interpreting as a role sui generis. Following this broad conceptual analysis, the analytical distinctions are applied to extracts of authentic discourse data from case studies in clinical and legal settings, high­lighting the ways in which both untrained and court-certified interpreters may disable the primary interlocutors’ participation by their own active participation in interaction.
3. “You are not too funny”
Authors: Straniero Sergio Francesco
Published: March 2014

Drawing on conversation analysis and politeness theory, this chapter deals with repair, face-work and participation (footing) shifts in interpreter-mediated talkshows. In order to account for the specific features of this form of dialogue interpreting, the notion of ‘controlling participation’ is suggested as a more relevant alternative to that of ‘coordinating participation’. The chapter discusses several types of other-correction and other-initiation as employed by primary speakers (usually the host) to address various aspects of the interpreter’s turn. Repairing actions, as well as other conversational moves (formulations, competitive interruptions, anticipatory completions) are described and characterized according to their face-threatening and role-challenging potential, as well the role they play as ‘part of the show’.
6. Ad hoc-interpreting in multilingual work meetings
Authors: Traverso Véronique
Published: March 2014

In multilingual work meetings, where the participants do not share the same languages, local translation appears as a means used to achieve participants’ task. English is supposed to be the lingua franca and consequently no one attends the meetings as a translator. Translation is nevertheless resorted to, and emerges as an activity related either to one participant having difficulties in understanding English or to one speaker finding difficulties in talking in English. This chapter focuses on the latter case. There, the speaker alternates languages, sometimes briefly, as for a word search, sometimes for a long spate of talk, which can trigger out a translation. The aim of the chapter is to analyse these local translational events in relation to the organization of sequentiality and participation.
7. Gaze, positioning and identity in interpreter-mediated dialogues
Authors: Mason Ian
Published: March 2014

Although very little has been published specifically on the study of gaze in interpreter-mediated dialogues, there has been some evidence that gaze direction is an important device for showing attention and for the distribution of turns. In this chapter, analysis of gaze shifts based on video recordings of immigration interviews reinforces previous findings in the field. It also shows that gaze not only has a function in signalling attention and co-ordinating turns to talk, it also regulates patterns of participation. In particular by their patterns of gaze and other non-verbal signals, all participants position themselves and others within the exchange. In this way, the interplay of patterns of gaze is closely bound up with role and status – and, therefore, with issues of identity and power.
9. Mediating assessments in healthcare settings
Authors: Zorzi Daniela
Published: March 2014

This chapter adopts a conversation analysis perspective towards assessments, in encounters between West African migrants, representatives of institutions, and mediating interpreters in healthcare settings in Italy. It argues that in mediated encounters, assessments of actions and behaviours provide a means whereby participants orient to their institutional roles, since an assessment implies both an understanding of what is evaluated and the right to evaluate it. Evaluative sequences (assessment followed by reaction to the assessment) display how such understandings and rights are negotiated, and thereby reflect and reflexively construct participants’ institutional roles. In particular the mediator’s identity as a ratified participant can be seen to be jointly constructed through the use of assessments.
10. Challenges in interpreters’ coordination of the construction of pain
Authors: Angelelli Claudia V.
Published: March 2014

The tasks performed by the healthcare interpreter are complex, as they involve bridging together beliefs and values from different speech communities. This complexity increases when conceptualizations of illnesses and worldviews are not shared. Pain is perceived and communicated differently by members of different cultural communities. Conversations about pain include discussions about intensity of pain based on pain-rating scales as well as discussions of pain management. Healthcare interpreters face challenges in constructing and co-constructing pain while facilitating cross-linguistic communication. In this chapter I analyze interactions of healthcare provider-and-patient interviews which are part of a larger study dealing with the issues faced by Spanish-speaking patients, English-speaking providers and Spanish-English interpreters who engage in measuring and describing pain with the use of a pain-rating scale. The implications of this work for professionals such as policy makers, educators, healthcare providers and interpreters are discussed.
11. Cultural brokerage and overcoming communication barriers
Authors: Penn Claire , Watermeyer Jennifer
Published: March 2014

Aphasia results in numerous communicative barriers for patients and conversational partners, which are heightened in a cross-cultural context. In an interaction in which multiple communication barriers exist, participants must successfully negotiate mutual understanding and manage layers of breakdown. This chapter explores the notion of cultural brokerage in an interpreter-mediated clinical interaction in the context of aphasia. We present a methodology which appears to be a successful way of examining the complex interactional dynamics of a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic medical interaction. We also present some suggestions for training health professionals who work with interpreters as well as ways in which we can maximize an understanding of the patient’s lifeworld.
12. Interpreting as dialogic mediation
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: March 2014

Interpreters’ reflexive coordination may promote different forms of mediation. Dialogic mediation, in particular, achieves promotion of active participation, displays sensitivity for the interlocutors’ interests and/or needs, and treats alternative perspectives as reciprocal enrichment. Drawing on a set of healthcare interactions involving Arabic-speaking patients in Italian services, this chapter discusses interpreting actions of mediators included in sequences of dialogic mediation, in particular: (1) promotional questions, which encourage the production of personal narratives and narratives of illness on the part of patients; (2) multi-part expansions, where patients’ stories are co-authored with mediators; (3) renditions as formulations, which focus on patients’ problems, emotions and cultural background and involve healthcare providers in the interactional narrative. Dialogic mediation can be considered a form of negentropic interpretation, in that it provides the opportunity to exercise and recognise personal agency and hybridise different cultural voices.
Forms and functions of anthologies of translations into French in the nineteenth century
Authors: D’hulst Lieven
Published: March 2014

This contribution opens with a proposal to approach the concepts of “collection” and “anthology” from a generic viewpoint that includes a.o. features of editorial and translational genericity. Both concepts are then replaced in their historical context, i.e. the French 19th century. Definitions, descriptions, synonyms and similar terms are drawn from contemporary dictionaries and encyclopaedias, such as the Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle by Pierre Larousse. Viewed from a historical angle, the concepts of anthology and collection appear to have served as prototypes, more particularly as interdisciplinary and multifunctional categories covering a large array of conceptual and terminological variants applied to both original and translated groupings of texts. The last part of the paper gives a detailed account of French translation anthologies and collections during the period 1810–1840: it is shown that these forms adapt with great flexibility to the different disciplines, languages, genres and publishers that make use of them.
The short story in English meets the Portuguese reader
Authors: Assis Rosa Alexandra
Published: March 2014

This paper aims to research how intercultural exchanges contributed for the development of the short story in Portugal, notably to consider interference especially by English-language literary systems through the indirect channel of translation. For this purpose, it focuses on the external history of the translation into Portuguese of the short story in English, taking its publication in anthologies as a form of creative rewriting, adaptation or manipulation, as André Lefevere put it. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, it provides answers to questions such as whose and which short stories, when, where, by whom, why and how short stories in English were selected, translated and presented to the Portuguese reader. The cartography of such a territory is based on the presentation and analysis of a selection of data (available at the Portuguese National Library archives) regarding the introduction of the short story in English through translations published in anthologies. Secondly, resorting to Gérard Genette’s definition of peritext, i.e. paratextual elements pertaining to the book, this paper analyses the role played by peritextual discourses in a selection of anthologies. This analysis is expected to yield insights into how such anthologies introduced the short story in English to a public reading it in Portuguese version.
Las antologías sobre la traducción en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Sabio Pinilla José Antonio
Published: March 2014

The objective of the present paper is to critically review the role played in Translation Studies by fourteen anthologies of texts on translation theory, published in the Iberian Peninsula between 1987 and 2009. After presenting the works themselves, I will try to answer the following questions: What types of anthologies have been produced? Which underlying historiographic positions are revealed as a function of the choice and presentation of the texts? Which canons of translation theory do the anthologies represent (which texts are repeated and, therefore, considered classics)? Do any obvious rivalries exist between different cultural systems (Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese)? What did the compilers intend to achieve by rewriting the texts in their anthologies? And finally, what role do these anthologies really play in Translation Studies today?
Patterns in the external history of Portuguese collections with translations of Polish literature (1855–2009)
Authors: Pięta Hanna
Published: March 2014

This paper sets out to identify and analyse patterns in the external history of Portuguese collections with translations of Polish literature between 1855 and 2009. By doing so, it will provide preliminary insights into how these collections have presented Polish literature to the Portuguese readership and, ultimately, how they have contributed to the canonization of Polish authors/texts and the formation of cultural relations between the two (semi)peripheral languages/cultures concerned. To achieve these goals, in the first part relevant information regarding the corpus will be provided. Secondly, the methodology for analysing collections will be briefly elucidated. Thirdly, the results of the study will be presented. More specifically, the findings of preliminary analysis leading to statistical coding of peritextual elements will be described, six collection profiles will be examined and chronological patterns in the canonization of a given Polish author will be traced. Finally, the paper’s findings will be summarized and hypotheses to be tested in future research will be proposed.
Translating German poetry into French under the Occupation
Authors: Lombez Christine
Published: March 2014

How should an anthology of texts written in the language of the occupier be compiled in an occupied country? Which political or ideological criteria should be used and for which readers? This paper will address the Anthologie de la poésie allemande des origines à nos jours [Anthology of German Poetry. From its beginnings to the present day], by René Lasne and Georg Rabuse, published in two volumes in Paris by Stock in 1943 and more specifically its paratexts: the editor’s foreword and the preface by Karl Epting (director of the Institut allemand de Paris and friend of Céline), which offers a very valuable account of the ambiguous Franco-German literary relations during the Occupation.
Translation anthologies and British literature in Portugal and Hungary between 1949 and 1974
Authors: Gombár Zsófia
Published: March 2014

A comparison of translation anthologies published in Portugal and Hungary when both countries lived under differing forms of dictatorial rule reveals not only different attitudes towards British literary works, but also towards literature in general. The different role ascribed to literature in Estado Novo Portugal and Socialist Hungary is also well evidenced by their dissimilar approach towards the publishing industry. The total control over book publishing and distribution in Hungary appears to show that literature played a more significant role in the Hungarian propaganda machine than in Portugal. The dominance of crime fiction anthologies in the Portuguese book market, for example, may probably be explained by the fact that, due to the lack of adequate government funding, private publishing houses were obliged to rely mostly on profitable bestsellers. Conversely, the idealistic belief in the educational power of politically reliable classics in establishing Socialism might have had the effect of depriving Hungarian readers of light and entertaining literature, but also of providing them with thousands of remarkably low-priced high-quality books and anthologies. In fact, one of the main tenets behind the Hungarian cultural politics of this period was to re-educate society with the help of the “ideologically progressive” literary heritage of tried-and-true classic authors such as Shakespeare, Shelley, Dickens, or Hardy, while in Portugal, political control was principally based on a policy of keeping the population in relative ignorance with regard to social and cultural alternatives.
Translators as cultural mediators
Authors: Limon David
Published: March 2014

Translators are referred to with increasing frequency as ‘cultural mediators’ or experts in intercultural communication, but to what extent does translation practice confirm this description? Do most translators see themselves in this way and are they viewed as such by those who employ or commission them? Does the relative status of the translator within a particular society make it more or less likely that he or she is going to function as a genuine cultural mediator, or is this more dependent on institutional attitudes to translation or even on the type of translation being carried out? How does the translation brief (or lack of it) and the way the translation is evaluated influence the translator’s strategy? How significant are cultural differences with regard to text production, as well as the differing status of the two cultures involved? These are the kinds of questions that Translation Studies should be able to answer. They will be discussed here in relation to a specific cultural context and textual genre: the translation from Slovene to English of online texts about Slovenia’s natural heritage.
A world without God
Authors: Pokorn Nike K.
Published: March 2014

This article presents a small part of a larger research project focussing on the specifics of translated juvenile fiction in a communist country. The reflection of ideology and values of the target society is demonstrated on the Slovene translation of Felix Salten’s Bambi (1950), one of the most popular books for children in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia in the period from the 1950s to 1980s. The analysis of the translation revealed an omission of the religious ending, i.e. an ideological intervention that was in line with similar interventions found in other translations of children’s literature created in socialist times. Based on the interviews, translation analyses and historical evidence, it is argued here that the consistent displacement of religious elements in juvenile translations in the socialist Slovenia is a result of self-censorship and that, despite the absence of any kind of official censorship, the translator of Bambi and other translators of children’s literature were lead to act in an almost uniform way by a specific translator’s habitus.
Knowledge in Translation Studies and translation practice
Authors: Risku Hanna , Dickinson Angela , Pircher Richard
Published: March 2014

This paper seeks to show that translation practice and Translation Studies matter on both an organisational and a social level by demonstrating that the knowledge they generate forms an important part of the intellectual capital in the knowledge society and a key factor in value creation in organisations. It looks at methods available for managing knowledge and seeks to identify those instruments that can play a role in a translation setting. By virtue of their suitability to the forms of knowledge used in translation, we hypothesize that the appropriate use of such methods and instruments can facilitate the transformation of translation knowledge into intellectual capital, add value to products and services and thus make a valuable contribution to the sustainability of a knowledge society. The challenge now facing translation practice is to ensure that translators assume their role in knowledge management endeavours, implement appropriate methods for generating and sharing knowledge and so turn their knowledge into true intellectual capital.
Is Translation Studies going Anglo-Saxon?
Authors: Snell-Hornby Mary
Published: March 2014

The paper focusses on the dominant role of English in the academic discourse of Translation Studies and the effects this has on communication within the scientific community: the danger is increasing that the language English is not only used as a means of communication (e.g. with publications and conferences exclusively in English), but actually forms part of the object of discussion, dealing with facets of languages contrasted to English, and using English examples, whereby non-native speakers are disadvantaged, other approaches are ignored, and “pseudo-English” discourse is increasingly tolerated. The paper discusses the subtle difficulties involved in English academic discourse and presents a number of possible solutions, concentrating on the concept of passive multilingualism and the introduction of “bridge languages” as a means of gaining access to languages other than English or the active working language of the individual scholar.
Slowakisch: Brückensprache zur slawischen Welt?
Authors: Vankúšová Martina
Published: March 2014

The paper discusses the significance of diversified multilingualism, for Europeans in general and for translators and interpreters of EU-translation services in particular. Officially, the European Union is multilingual but it has long since been part of “the empire of English” as defined by Snell-Hornby (2006). Translations from the simplified Euro-English into other EU-languages make up for over 60% of the total number of translations, and they generally raise no difficulties, but difficulties may well occur when an EU-commissioner, for example, chooses a proverb in his mother tongue as the slogan for an EU-campaign. How can such translation challenges be approached? Can a translator be expected to have a command of all official EU-languages? A possible solution is offered by the multilingual intercomprehension method EuroCom based on developing good linguistic competence in a bridge language as a means of gaining access to other related languages. For Romance languages, this is French and for Germanic languages it is English. They are are also procedural languages of EU-institutions. With Slavonic languages, the situation is more difficult and the ensuing problems are presented and discussed in the paper.
Translation Studies and mass media research
Authors: Weissbrod Rachel
Published: March 2014

Taking Israel as a case-study, this paper argues that Translation Studies can contribute to research dealing with multilingualism and multiculturalism as reflected in the mass media. Following ideological and demographic changes in Israeli society, the use of languages other than Hebrew is nowadays apparent in the public as well as in the private sphere. The change is clearly recognizable in Israeli mass media, all the more so because in the age of trans-national broadcasts, keeping multilingualism under control is no longer feasible. Socio-linguists and communication researchers have investigated the new situation. Distinguishing between Hebrew and non-Hebrew media, they have sought answers to questions such as: What is the impact of the exposure to foreign languages on the globalization and Americanization of Israel? What are the implications of using minority languages – mainly Arabic and Russian – for social integration, and how does it affect the construction of social identity? However, research has usually ignored translation which blurs the very distinction between media in Hebrew and other languages. The present paper attempts to point out what can be gained by taking translation into consideration in investigating the media in Israel and possibly in other countries. It deals mainly with Israeli television which provides translation into Hebrew, Arabic and Russian on a daily basis.
Register shifts in translations of popular fiction from English into Slovene
Authors: Zlatnar Moe Marija
Published: March 2014

Major shifts in the register occur when works of popular fiction are translated into Slovene. This paper analyzes parts of seven novels of various subgenres, and finds a general shift towards an unmarked formal register and a neutral standard variety of the language. Formal or archaic texts (e.g. The Lord of the Rings) become less formal, colloquial-style texts (e.g. Bridget Jones’s Diary) become more so. Concomitantly, distinctions as to class and status, or past and present are blurred. Neutrality of style makes the texts appear less interesting or, at worst, “badly written” to the reader.
Die Kirche im Dorf oder die Regierung im Wald lassen
Authors: Schmitz Dieter H.
Published: March 2014

The most convincing way to answer the question why Translation Studies matters is to point to the practical benefits TS-results or reprocessed field experience offer in handling practical translation tasks. TS provides translators on the job with help for decision-making and problem-solving. A permanent difficulty when translating news for radio broadcasts lies in the names of organisations such as political parties, associations and institutions of all kinds.In my article I will discuss this issue, specifically for the language pair Finnish-German. For example, what can be done with ‘Suomen Ääni- ja kuvatallennetuottajat’, the name of a Finnish association for record industry products that could – at least in principle – be translated word by word. In theory, translators have a wide range of possibilities: for instance, they can transfer SL words directly into the target text, or invent new expressions. However, in practice, they are usually not free to choose. Instead, they have to look for precedents or check for existing translations in use. A procedure depicting the process of finding possible solutions is presented in the form of a decision tree.
Psycholinguistik, Übersetzungswissenschaft und Expertiseforschung im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Forschung
Authors: Lehr Caroline
Published: March 2014

The following paper addresses the subject “Why Translation Study matters” from an interdisciplinary point of view. It shall outline a psycholinguistic experiment conducted with translation students in the context of an interdisciplinary research project. The experiment, which originally intended to test the cognitive development of a second language in the brain, provided results that could probably also give insights into the cognitive expertise of the translator. They suggest that language expertise and domain-specific expertise are at some points closely intertwined in the translator and that in interdisciplinary research, Translation Studies can not only play an important role by providing theoretical background for bilingual psycholinguistic experiments but also connect psycholinguistic and cognitive expertise research.