bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘I’m proud of my son with CP’: Cerebral palsy caregivers’ experiences, Gauteng province
Authors: Maronga-Feshete Faith , Pilusa Sonti , Dreyer Abigail
Published: June 2024

Background: Caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) are critical in the survival and well-being of their children. Despite the caregivers’ particularly demanding responsibilities, literature on their experiences is limited.Objectives: This study explored the caregivers’ experiences of providing care to children with CP.Method: An explorative qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews was employed. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed guided by Colaizzi’s seven-step methodology.Results: Two themes emerged: the challenges in caregiving and positive experiences of providing care. Caregivers faced financial, psychological, social and physical challenges such as stigmatisation, a lack of work accommodations, time constraints due to demands of providing care, strained family relations, isolation, exclusion, emotional and physical exhaustion in their caregiving role. Despite the challenges, they also had fulfilling, positive experiences. Caregivers became more resilient, some relationships were strengthened and awareness of the CP condition increased over time.Conclusion: Caring for a child with CP is challenging. Cerebral palsy is a permanent disability; therefore, a holistic, long-term perspective to supporting caregivers is necessary to ensure they can care for their children adequately.Contribution: There is a need for various support structures for caregivers to lessen the burden of care. It is necessary to establish the relationships between the support structures available and the way that these structures are viewed and consequently utilised by the caregivers. This study highlights the experiences and needs of caregivers to inform stakeholders on intervention strategies.
Foundational mathematical knowledge of prospective teachers: Evidence from a professional development training
Authors: Mukuka Angel , Alex Jogymol K.
Published: June 2024

This study examined the effect of a professional development training programme on 20 second-year preservice mathematics teachers’ knowledge in foundational mathematical concepts at a rural university in South Africa. The training programme aimed to enhance preservice teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching. An embedded mixed-methods case study design was employed. Baseline and endline assessments were administered before and after the training. A participant feedback survey was also administered after the training. Results showed that the training significantly improved the preservice teachers’ understanding and confidence in the selected concepts, despite their low baseline scores. The participants also expressed satisfaction with the knowledge they gained and appreciated the integration of theory and practice in the training. These findings suggest the need for teacher training institutions to ensure that preservice teachers are well versed in both university-level and school-level mathematics. They also support the need for collaboration with other stakeholders to provide preservice teachers with relevant and engaging professional development opportunities that can enhance their mathematical knowledge for teaching.Contribution: Findings of this study point to a renewed emphasis on the creation of greater collaborations between institutions of higher learning and other key stakeholders to promote the development of prospective teachers’ knowledge of what they will be expected to teach.
South African young adult males’ behavioural intentions when purchasing apparel via mobile apps
Authors: Correia Miguel , Cunnningham Nicole , Roberts-Lombard Mornay
Published: June 2024

Purpose: More consumers are using mobile applications (apps) to shop for apparel, specifically young adult males. As these young adult males increase their presence on mobile shopping apps, they are becoming the focus of mobile application retailers who historically have not served this target market. Thus, this study aims to determine the behavioural intentions of young adult males.Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive research design was followed, and data were collected from 633 respondents and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).Findings/results: The results confirm the combined use of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), substantiating that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude were significant contributors to the behavioural intentions of young adult males purchasing menswear apparel via mobile applications.Practical implications: The study offers retailers a better understanding of young adult males’ mobile application usage patterns, and strategic guidance on developing and marketing mobile applications to this generation.Originality/value: The study provides a comprehensive understanding of behavioural intention by combining constructs from both the TAM and TPB. The study’s findings demonstrate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude are important considerations for young adult males when shopping for apparel via mobile apps. Furthermore, a number of studies have proposed that young adults are prone to complying with the expectations of their social groups, yet, this study demonstrated that this is not the case for young adult males when purchasing apparel via mobile apps, which demonstrates a level of independence.
The effect of income on the relationship between travel motives and destination choices
Authors: Struwig Jarè , Du Preez Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Studies investigating the relationship between travel motivations and destination choice are often unidimensional and hierarchical, presenting limited perspectives on traveller groups with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.Aim: This study investigates the variations in travel motives versus destination choices given different income bands. It presents a nuanced profile of income group members based on socio-demographic variables and travel experience.Setting: South African domestic tourism.Method: Threshold regression was applied to determine whether 13 motivations changed toward six destinations given specific income levels. Data from the 2019 South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) were used and the weighted sample represented 42 573 093 South Africans.Results: The threshold regression materialised with between four to six breakpoints for most destinations. Fun dominated as a motive among lower income groups, as opposed to relationship building for higher income groups. Relaxation, as a known core travel motivation, did not lead to varied interest in specific destinations. Apart from motives, race and travel experience produced several significant differences.Conclusion: Income thresholds meaningfully explain variations in the relationship between travel motivations and destination choice. More effective marketing strategies should be built around travellers within overlooked markets.Contribution: The study provides novel empirical evidence that destination choice is non-linear and multifaceted. It applies threshold regression that has not been used in destination choice studies. Finer nuanced segments are identified and suggest an amendment to the travel career pattern (TCP) to accommodate developing and emergent travellers.
Effects of physical stock loss on the financial performance of retail enterprises
Authors: Tabane Tshegofatso L. , Phume Tshisikhawe B. , Retief Miriam-Miri
Published: June 2024

Background: Small, medium and micro retail enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa are regarded as having a high failure rate. The reason behind the failure can be ascribed to a wide variety of issues. Stock shrinkage is one of the challenges contributing towards the failure of businesses particularly if not safeguarded.Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effects of stock shrinkage as a cause of physical stock loss on the financial performance of retail SMMEs in the City of Tshwane.Setting: The sample of the study was drawn from retail SMME owners, managers and owner-managers.Method: A quantitative research approach in the form of a questionnaire was adopted and a non-probability, convenience sampling method was employed. Regression analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS (version 27) to test the hypotheses.Results: Stock spoilage and internal theft are the strongest predictors of profitability and sales volume loss.Conclusion: It is concluded that stock shrinkage as a cause of physical stock loss relates to the financial performance of retail SMMEs. However, not all physical stock loss variables carry the same weight in terms of their contribution to retail financial losses.Contribution: The study contributes to retail SMMEs and stock shrinkage literature by identifying the causes of stock shrinkage as a result of physical stock loss. It further sheds light on high predictor variables of physical stock loss which can threaten the financial sustainability of businesses.
Exploiting non-parallel risk premia in the South African sovereign bond market
Authors: Hariparsad Sanveer , Maré Eben
Published: June 2024

Background: This study focuses on diversifying fixed income attribution beyond yield and duration by identifying new risk premia applicable to various investment strategies.Aim: To identify cross-sectional bond risk factors in the South African sovereign bond market, capitalising on non-parallel shifts during high-risk macroeconomic events, developing a strategy to extract persistent alpha from higher order interest rate risks and disproving the strong efficient market hypothesis.Setting: This study finds that during high-risk macro events, non-parallel shifts increase in frequency. Empirical evidence suggests that post the 2008 financial crisis, there have been increased occurrences of risk-on/off events and researchers believe high risk macro events will increase in prominence. As such, most active US fixed income managers have reduced duration risk (from parallel shifts) in favour of alternative risk premia.Method: This study exploits slope and curvature risks, by utilising a butterfly strategy. Ten bond risk factors are back-tested and analysed during interest rate cycles, curve scenarios and risk-off periods from 1998 to 2023.Results: The top-ranked strategies displayed strong and persistent outperformance over the bottom-ranked strategies for most of the bond factors especially during risk-on episodes. The Bond All-Factor Rank demonstrated improved diversification by balancing upside and downside risks. Trade costs are an important factor that requires pragmatic management.Conclusion: Geopolitical risks are increasing in frequency and developing a strategy to exploit non-parallel risk premia is an attractive proposition.Contribution: This study identified new bond risk factors beyond the conventional spread factor to extract non-parallel risk premia.
Evaluating shareholder wealth creation in JSE-listed investment holding companies
Authors: Schwenke Nicholas , Sebastian Avani , Maroun Warren
Published: June 2024

Background: The value and performance of underlying investments are the primary driver of value created by investment holding companies. In theory, the intrinsic net asset value of these companies should reflect the fair value of their ownership stakes in the underlying investments; however, most investment holding companies trade at a discount to the reported measure of intrinsic value per share.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if corporate actions have reduced discounts to intrinsic net asset value among a sample of Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE)-listed holding companies.Setting: The study focused on a sample of JSE-listed investment holding companies.Method: The study was quantitative in nature, and an event study using multiple estimation models was used to determine the share price reaction to the corporate actions.Results: The results confirm the widening of a discount and indicate that corporate actions demonstrate no significant effect in reducing the discount to net asset value.Conclusion: The corporate actions in this study were not effective as a method to address discounts for holding companies. The persistent and widening discount reflects market perceptions. Demonstration of management’s ability to allocate capital and provide returns above the cost of capital is suggested as the only way to narrow the discount.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing JSE event study literature by focusing on investment holding companies and highlighting that the market perception of investment holding companies is reflected in the widening discount to intrinsic net asset value.
Leadership power bases influence on quality of work-life and intention to stay among retailing employees
Authors: Maphanga Mbali E. , Mokoena Aubrey B. , Isabirye Anthony K.
Published: June 2024

Orientation: Retail managers utilise their position of authority to obtain the highest calibre work to uphold the perceived standards of their individual businesses.Research purpose: The goal of this research is to investigate the impact of leadership power bases and workplace quality on employees’ intentions to remain at a particular retail location in the Gauteng province.Motivation for the study: Effective and efficient management of staff is a key factor in determining the success of retailers in businesses of all sizes in that employees can be significantly impacted by the leadership power a store manager possesses.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative cross-sectional research design utilising a probability random sampling technique was adopted to collect data from a sample of 336 employees through a structured questionnaire.Main findings: Reward power showed a negative prediction of quality of work–life, whereas coercive power and lawful power bases showed a favourable contribution to the prediction of quality of work–life. In addition, quality of work–life proved to be a significant predictor of intention to stay.Practical/managerial implication: By investing in leadership development and fostering a supportive work culture, organisations can create an environment that encourages employees to stay for the long term.Contribution/value-add: Understanding the influence of different power bases, organisations can target development opportunities that will improve overall leadership capability and create a more positive work environment.
Elevated Levels of Gonadotrophic Hormones and Antioxidant Biomarker in Male Rats Following Administration of Hydromethanol Leaf Extract of Justicia secunda in Response to 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induction
Authors: Mobisson Samuel Kelechi , Iyanyi Uchechukwu Loveth , Ehigiator Ben Enoluomen , Ibe Fidelis U. , Monye Justin Bonaparte , Obembe Agona O.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine induces testicular toxicity and can result in reproductive dysfunction in male rats.

Aim:

This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic leaf extract of Justicia secunda on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced reproductive dysfunction in male Wistar rats.

Settings and Design:

Twenty rats (90–170 g) were grouped into five (A-E) (n = 4) with the approval of the research ethics committee.

Materials and Methods:

Group A (control) received 0.5 mL of normal saline, Groups B to E received PHZ, PHZ + Astymin (0.5 mL), PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. All animals in Groups B to E received 2 mg/kg PHZ intraperitoneally for 2 days, and thereafter, administration of Astymin and J. secunda commenced in Groups C, D and E for 14 days using gavage.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased significantly in PHZ, PHZ + Astymin and PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and increased significantly in PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) than control. Luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in treated groups than control. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the treated groups than the control. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) significantly (P < 0.001) increased in treated groups than in control. Testicular glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde significantly increased in extract-treated groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in PHZ-treated group than in the control.

Conclusion:

PHZ administration caused testicular toxicity and altered biochemical markers, astymin treatment reduced male reproductive hormones, while J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) increased FSH and LH, decreased TNFα levels and altered the concentration of testicular antioxidant markers. These alterations may be linked to the toxic effect of PHZ and could negatively affect spermatogenesis.
T2-T3 Sympathetic Neurolysis: A Limb-saving Procedure
Authors: Mutha Sandeep , Manohar Manas Vithal , Sushmitha K , Phalgune Deepak Sadashiv
Published: June 2024

Medical practitioners have a unique role and responsibility in medication administration. Most of the time, they are the last person to check to see that the medication is correctly prescribed and dispensed before administration. The correct route of drug administration is crucial and the wrong route of drug administration is a treatment failure and can also lead to patient morbidity and mortality. We report a case of accidental intra-arterial injection of diclofenac sodium, its complications, and management.
Anesthetic Management of a Pediatric Patient with Midline Neck Mass Causing Significant Tracheal Compression in Stridor for Resection of Tumor
Authors: Mathew Jacob , Rajan Sunil , Sreekumar Gayathri , Roy Roniya Ann , Pindis Sarah Johny , Paul Jerry
Published: June 2024

A 1-year-old female child weighing 10 kg, with a mass over the lower part of the neck presented with stridor. Computed tomography showed a solid enhancing lesion in the lower neck causing marked tracheal compression with complete apposition of the anterior and posterior walls of the trachea causing almost complete obliteration of the tracheal lumen. The child was posted for resection of the tumor under general anesthesia. She was induced with sevoflurane 8% in oxygen and intubated following a flexible bronchoscopic assessment with a 4.0 mm cuffed endotracheal tube using C-MAC videolaryngoscope. After positioning, she developed airway compression, and using a fiber-optic bronchoscope, ETT tip was repositioned distal to the area of tracheal compression. There were repeated episodes of airway compression with desaturation intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the child was ventilated. Due to tracheomalacia and bilateral vocal cord palsy, the extubation trials failed, and she was eventually tracheostomized on the 5th postoperative day to maintain airway.
Nasocardiac Reflex: A Unique Clinical Phenomenon during Augmentation Rhinoplasty – Role of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block
Authors: Chittoria Konica , Tauheed Nazia , Nawaz Nida , Bari Farhat , Haleem Shahla
Published: June 2024

Nasocardiac reflex is a trigeminovagal reflex that occurs during procedures in and around the nasal mucosa. It is characterized by a chain of events similar to vasovagal syncope. A case of nasocardiac reflex developed intraoperatively during augmentation rhinoplasty in a young female being operated on for saddle nose deformity. The occurrence of transient vagal response during surgical dissection of the nasal septum was evident in the form of severe bradycardia and hemodynamic instability. To complete the surgery without undue consequences, the situation was managed with transient stoppage of surgery, followed by intravenous atropine and topical infiltration of the involved nasal mucosa with 10 ml of 2% lignocaine.
Efficacy of Transmucosal Nitroglycerin Spray versus Intravenous Lignocaine for the Attenuation of Hemodynamic Responses to Intubation
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Raveendran Sherjin D. S. , Bhuyan Maharnab , Arul Lokeshshiva , Sreekumar Gayathri , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Intravenous (IV) lignocaine and sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) obtund intubation responses. We aimed to compare heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes following direct laryngoscopy and intubation after transmucosal NTG spray versus IV lignocaine.

Methods:

Sixty participants were randomized equally into two groups. Group A patients received IV lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, 90 s before intubation. Oropharynx of Group B patients was sprayed with 800 μg of NTG oral spray just before induction. General anesthesia regimen for induction, intubation, and maintenance was similar for all patients. HR and MAP at predefined time points and incidence of intraoperative hypotension were noted.

Results:

Intergroup analysis showed comparable HR in both the groups till 10 min. There was no significant difference in baseline MAP in both the groups. MAP was significantly higher in Group A till 10 min after intubation. Intragroup analysis of HR in Group A showed no significant difference from baseline after induction, 1, 3, and 5 min after intubation. HR at different time points was comparable with baseline during the study period in Group B. A significant fall in MAP from baseline was noted in Group A except at 1 min after intubation. In Group B, a significant fall in MAP from baseline was noted till 15 min after intubation. The incidence of intraoperative hypotension was significantly higher in Group B compared with Group A (40% vs. 3.3%).

Conclusion:

Both IV lignocaine and transmucosal NTG spray attenuated hemodynamic responses to intubation. However, considering a significantly lesser fall in MAP, IV lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg can be considered superior to 800 μg of transmucosal NTG spray for safely attenuating hemodynamic response to intubation.
Efficacy of Structured Teaching Programs in Improving Oral Hygiene Knowledge among School Children at Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Alogily Zaid A. , Alenazi Abdullah I. , Basuliman Mahfouz A. , Alamodi Muaadh H. , Alsubaie Abdulaziz F.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Children’s knowledge of oral hygiene is very important to have a good oral health. Health education intervention is the best way to impart oral hygiene knowledge to children, which is cost-effective also.

Aim of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching program in improving the existing oral hygiene knowledge of children in the age group of 10–12 years.

Methodology:

A randomized control trial was planned with one intervention group and control group. A pre-intervention test was conducted in both the groups to assess baseline oral hygiene knowledge among children. After the pre-test, the intervention group children were educated through a structured teaching program for a period of 2 weeks. Again, post-test was conducted in both the groups after a gap of a week.

Results:

The pre-intervention oral hygiene knowledge scores were 8.43 ± 3.93 in the intervention group and 8.44 ± 3.90 in the control group. Post intervention, the oral hygiene knowledge score was 15.34 ± 2.37 in the intervention group and 8.96 ± 1.37 in the control group. A 45.04% increase in knowledge was observed in the intervention group. The results were statistically highly significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

A structured teaching program is an effective way to impart knowledge among school children; furthermore, long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate oral hygiene knowledge gained through the program.
Biomedical Waste Management Knowledge among Dental Students and Private Dental Practitioners of Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Al-Mansour Omar A. , Alshehri Mohammed A. , Alaskar Abdulrahman M. , Alfahad Mohammed H. , Al-Harbi Khalid F.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Improper handling of biomedical waste causes health hazards. Dental practitioners and students as health care professionals should know about biomedical waste management from its generation to disposal. This will prevent associated risk and cross-infection.

Objectives:

To assess the awareness, attitude, and practice of dental students and dental practitioners at Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

Total of 100 dental students from a teaching institute and 100 private dental practitioners participated in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was used containing 20 questions related to awareness, attitude, and practice of biomedical waste. Participation was voluntary.

Results:

98% of dental practitioners and 95% of dental students are aware that biomedical waste causes health hazards. 25% of dental students and 36% of dental practitioners are aware of guidelines laid by the government of Saudi Arabia for BMW. On average, 74% of dental students and 87% of dental practitioners correctly answered practice-related questions.

Conclusion:

The knowledge ḥof dental practitioners about biomedical waste management in the Alkharj region is good compared to dental students. Dental students must be given training related to handling and management of biomedical waste.
Long-term Assessment of Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sivaram J , Bothra Himanshu , Kumar Pushpendra , Khalid Mohammed Kinaan , Panja Supantha , Shashank Chapala , Satheesh Tharini
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

While short-term outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been extensively studied, there is a need for longstanding assessments to understand the enduring impact of the procedure on patient well-being.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort research to rate the longstanding functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in those undergoing primary TKA. Patient-reported outcomes, including SF-36 and EQ-5D scores, were collected at multiple time points postoperatively (1, 5, and 10 years). Objective assessments of functional parameters, i.e., range of motion, gait analysis, and quadriceps strength, were also recorded.

Results:

Current findings demonstrate significant improvements in functional outcomes post-TKA, with sustained benefits observed over a 10-year period. Range of motion, gait parameters, and quadriceps strength showed consistent enhancements postoperatively. Moreover, QoL measures, as reflected by SF-36 and EQ-5D scores, exhibited substantial improvements following TKA and remained elevated throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

This research highlights the enduring effectiveness of TKA in improving both functional outcomes and QoL in patients with advanced knee arthritis.
Evaluation of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography: Effects of Maxillary Bones and Their Influence on the Point of Next Teeth and Canine Development
Authors: Kulkarni Gauravardhan , Ratre Ram Kishore , Pushpa Suran , Pobbithi Suneetha , Deshmukh Parag S. , Nagaraju Rakesh , Gautam Nandita
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In this study, individuals with unilateral palatally shifted canines had cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image palatally displaced canine (PDC) and non-PDC sides investigate the anatomy of their upper teeth adopting a “surface matching” approach.

Procedures:

The CBCT scans of an overall of 28 people with unilateral PDC were chosen. Every single tooth in research was broken down and turned into a three-dimensional structure utilizing identical research programs, which made it possible to quantify the total length of the tooth root.

Results:

Assessing the lateral incisor (LI) roots quantities and widths of the control category, non-PDC side, and PDC sides revealed statistically significant variations (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Compared to contra-lateral LIs, LIs next to PDCs possess small roots. In addition, patients with unilateral PDCs had structural abnormalities between their canines and LIs.
Retrospective Study of Anesthesia-Related Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev , Jahagirdar Abhishek , Jamwal Preeti , Mishra Jagannath , Thind Gurinder B. S. , Shashank Chapala , Tiwari Rahul
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anesthesia administration in elderly surgical patients presents unique challenges due to age-related physiological changes and comorbidities. Knowing anesthesia-related complications is crucial for optimizing perioperative care in this vulnerable population.

Methods:

A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted to identify anesthesia-related complications in elderly subjects aged 65 and above undergoing surgery between January 2018 and December 2020. Data collection included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, anesthesia techniques, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:

There were a total of 100 elderly patients. Cardiovascular events (35%) were the most common complication, followed by respiratory issues (20%) and adverse drug reactions (15%). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between cardiovascular events, respiratory issues, adverse drug reactions, and anesthesia.

Conclusion:

Anesthesia-related complications pose significant risks in elderly surgical patients. Tailored anesthesia management strategies, including comprehensive preoperative assessment and vigilant intraoperative monitoring, are essential for mitigating perioperative risks and improving outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Comparative Analysis of the Frictional Resistance of Various Archwire-Ligature Combinations in Orthodontics
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alfuhigi Mashael Zaid , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alsenani Faisal Nami , Eldosary Faisal Abdullah , Alsayil Lama Naif
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Frictional resistance is a critical factor influencing the efficacy of orthodontic treatment. Archwire-ligature combinations play a significant role in determining frictional forces within the orthodontic system. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the frictional resistance exhibited by various archwire-ligature combinations commonly used in orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:

A total of five archwire-ligature combinations were evaluated in this study: stainless steel archwire with elastic ligatures, stainless steel archwire with metal ligatures, nickel-titanium archwire with elastic ligatures, nickel-titanium archwire with metal ligatures, and beta-titanium archwire with metal ligatures. Frictional resistance was measured using a universal testing machine under standardized conditions, with a constant load applied to simulate clinical conditions.

Results:

The frictional resistance varied significantly among the different archwire-ligature combinations. The mean frictional resistance values (in arbitrary units) recorded were as follows: stainless steel archwire with elastic ligatures (X), stainless steel archwire with metal ligatures (Y), nickel-titanium archwire with elastic ligatures (Z), nickel-titanium archwire with metal ligatures (A), and beta-titanium archwire with metal ligatures (B). Statistical analysis revealed that combination A exhibited the lowest frictional resistance, followed by combination B, combination Z, combination X, and combination Y.

Conclusion:

The choice of archwire-ligature combination significantly affects the frictional resistance within the orthodontic system. Nickel-titanium archwires combined with metal ligatures demonstrated lower frictional resistance compared with stainless steel archwires, regardless of the ligature type. Among the combinations tested, nickel-titanium archwire with metal ligatures exhibited the lowest frictional resistance, suggesting its potential for reducing friction and improving treatment efficiency in orthodontic practice.
Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Orthodontic Brackets and Wires: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alfuhigi Mashael Zaid , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alrubaysh Mohammed Abdullah , Alslai Moath Ahmad , Alsabilah Abdulmajeed Fehaid
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment involves the use of various materials, including brackets and wires, which come into direct contact with oral tissues. Biocompatibility of these materials is crucial to ensure patient safety and treatment success. This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets and wires through an in-vitro investigation.

Materials and Methods:

Orthodontic brackets and wires commonly used in clinical practice were selected for this study. A series of in-vitro tests were conducted to assess the biocompatibility of these materials. Cell culture assays were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and inflammatory response. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface characteristics of the materials.

Results:

The cytotoxicity assays revealed minimal adverse effects on cell viability, with cell viability percentages ranging from 90% to 95% for all materials tested. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated similar rates of cell growth on the surfaces of both brackets and wires. SEM analysis indicated smooth surfaces with minimal irregularities, suggesting favorable biocompatibility.

Conclusion:

The findings of this in-vitro study suggest that the orthodontic brackets and wires examined exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility characteristics. Minimal cytotoxicity and favorable cell proliferation indicate that these materials are well suited for use in orthodontic treatment. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and ensure the safety and efficacy of orthodontic appliances in patient care.
Analysis of the Cellular Response to Different Dental Implant Surfaces: An In vitro Study
Authors: Sghaireen Mohammed G. , Alrwuili Mohammad Raji , Alenzi Nasser Attallah , Aljabab Mohammed Ahmed , Issrani Rakhi , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental implant surfaces play a crucial role in determining the success of osseointegration and long-term stability. Understanding the cellular response to various implant surfaces is essential for optimizing implant design and clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, we investigated the cellular response to different dental implant surfaces. Titanium implants with three distinct surface treatments (polished, acid-etched, and sandblasted) were prepared. Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured on these surfaces, and cellular behaviors including adhesion, proliferation, and morphology were evaluated using standard assays and imaging techniques.

Results:

Our results revealed significant differences in cellular responses among the different implant surfaces. Cells exhibited higher adhesion and proliferation rates on the acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces compared to the polished surface. Furthermore, cells displayed a more spread-out morphology with well-defined filopodia and lamellipodia on the acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces, indicating enhanced cellular interaction and spreading.

Conclusion:

The cellular response to dental implant surfaces varies depending on surface characteristics. Acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces promote better cellular adhesion, proliferation, and spreading compared to polished surfaces. These findings underscore the importance of surface modifications in enhancing osseointegration and ultimately improving the success rates of dental implant procedures.
Analysis of the Surface Roughness of Different Denture Teeth Materials: A Quantitative In-Vitro Study
Authors: Sultan Sherif El Sayed , Salloum Mahmoud Gamal
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The surface roughness of denture teeth materials significantly influences their clinical performance and patient satisfaction. Understanding the variations in surface roughness among different materials is crucial for optimizing denture fabrication processes.

Materials and Methods:

In this quantitative in-vitro study, three commonly used denture teeth materials, namely acrylic resin, composite resin, and porcelain, were evaluated for surface roughness. Twenty samples of each material were prepared and subjected to profilometric analysis. The surface roughness parameters Ra and Rz were measured using a contact profilometer. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the surface roughness among the different materials.

Results:

The mean surface roughness (Ra) values were found to be 0.32 μm for acrylic resin, 0.25 μm for composite resin, and 0.18 μm for porcelain. Similarly, the mean Rz values were 2.45 μm for acrylic resin, 1.98 μm for composite resin, and 1.62 μm for porcelain. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in surface roughness among the three materials (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Porcelain denture teeth exhibited the smoothest surface, followed by composite resin and acrylic resin. These findings suggest that material selection plays a crucial role in determining the surface roughness of denture teeth. Porcelain may offer superior aesthetics and reduced plaque accumulation compared with acrylic and composite resin materials. Clinicians should consider these differences when choosing denture materials to achieve optimal clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
In vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Chairside CAD/CAM Block Materials for Fabricating Dental Restorations
Authors: Sultan Sherif El Sayed , Albadi Mazen Anwar Abdullah , Alhassan Faris Salah , Elsharkawy Sherif Magdy
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The increasing utilization of chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) block materials in dentistry necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their cytotoxicity to ensure patient safety. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of commonly used chairside CAD/CAM block materials for fabricating dental restorations.

Materials and Methods:

Several chairside CAD/CAM block materials including zirconia, lithium disilicate, and resin-based composites were evaluated for cytotoxicity using an in vitro model. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to extracts from each material. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay after 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure. Additionally, cell morphology and viability were examined using microscopy.

Results:

The MTT assay revealed varying degrees of cytotoxicity among the tested materials. Zirconia demonstrated the least cytotoxicity with cell viability of 85% ± 5%, 82% ± 4%, and 79% ± 6% at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Lithium disilicate exhibited moderate cytotoxicity with cell viability of 70% ± 6%, 65% ± 7%, and 60% ± 5% at the corresponding time points. Resin-based composites displayed the highest cytotoxicity with cell viability of 55% ± 8%, 45% ± 6%, and 40% ± 4% at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Microscopic examination revealed altered cell morphology and reduced cell viability in the presence of resin-based composites.

Conclusion:

Chairside CAD/CAM block materials exhibit varying degrees of cytotoxicity, with zirconia demonstrating the least and resin-based composites showing the highest cytotoxic effects. These findings underscore the importance of considering cytotoxicity profiles when selecting CAD/CAM materials for dental restorations to ensure patient safety and biocompatibility.
THE STUDY ON CONCEPT OF LOKAPURUSHA SAMYA W.S.R TO EFFECT OF SEASONAL CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PRE-HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mandal Meghna , Biswas Partha
Published: June 2024

Background -Time is running, and lives are also. It is impossible to avoid changes in time, but measurement is
possible through seasonal division. Seasonal changes also affect lives and are reflected in biochemical parameters—
the relation between them and their effect on human physiology observed under the heading Lokapurusha Samya.
Aim & objective- to find out the classical concept of lokapurusha samya with reference to the effect of seasonal
changes in biological parameters in a healthy individual.
Material & Method – Randomly, 110 subjects were selected from the OPD of I.P.G.A.E &R at S.V.S.P Hospital,
Kolkata, West Bengal, and subjects were divided into two groups. Healthy control (N=60) and patients with prehypertension (N=50)
Conclusion—This study concludes that lifestyle modification, dietary restriction, and an additional regime
of food habits mentioned in ancient classics under Ritucharya should be encouraged as soon as possible in
individuals with a prehypertensive state.
LITERARY REVIEW OF VIDDHAKARMA IN NETRA ROGA
Authors: Deepak Gothe Jayshree , Virkar Chandana
Published: June 2024

In Shalakya tantra, among the five sense organs, Siro (head) and Netra (eyes) are the most important. This sense
organ acquires utmost importance as this is one of the vital sense perceptions for human beings. While treating
Netra Roga (ocular disorders), it is necessary to eliminate all four vitiated doshas for total vyadhi shaman (disease
cure). Raktamokshan (blood-letting) is considered one of the essential treatments for vyadhi shaman. In Shalya –
Shalakya tantra it is considered as ‘Ardha chikitsa’ (half treatment). Siravyadha Karma (type of blood-letting) is
an ideal Chikitsa (treatment) for pain as well as disease management. Acharya Sushruta has also described Viddha
karma (bloodletting) as a treatment modality in Netra Roga (eye disorders). An attempt is made here to emphasize
Viddha karma as an essential treatment in various Netra roga.
ROLE OF JATYADI GHRITA & PANCHTIKTA GUGGULU GHRITA IN MANAGING
GUDPARIKARTIKA W.S.R. TO FISSURE-IN-ANO
Authors: - Pallavi , Singh Kulwant Himaliyan , Annu Verma
Published: June 2024

Gud parikartika is a prevalent and painful condition. The risk of developing Parikartika depends on their lifestyle, habits, and bowel movements. Descriptions of Parikartika are available in the Ayurvedic classic, including
its various etiological factors and treatment modalities. The efficacy of Jatyadi Ghrita and Panchtikta Guggulu
Ghrita in the management of Parikartika is evaluated in this study. 20 Patients received local application of
Jatyadi Ghrita and internal use of Panchtikta Guggulu Ghrita as a treatment procedure. Jatyadi Ghrita and Panchtikta Guggulu Ghrita the non-invasive, easy and cost-effective management for fissure-in-ano and also better
alternatives in place of modern techniques, especially in acute fissure-in-ano There was a highly significant improvement in the symptoms.
MANAGEMENT OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS THROUGH PANCHAKARMA -A CASE
STUDY
Authors: Pranesh P , patil Gadilinga , S Desai Ananta
Published: June 2024

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNF) is an increasingly common cause of musculoskeletal disability. It
is a progressive pathological process, resulting in the death of bone cells of the femur head due to disruption of
blood supply to the proximal femur. However, the healing process is usually effective in AVN, and the bone tissue breaks down faster than the body can repair. All the treatment procedures are cost worthy, and the prognosis
is poor. Management of AVNF aims to prevent structural deformity, regulate functional activity, and relieve pain.
There is no direct diagnostic correlation to AVNF in Ayurvedic classics; however, signs and symptoms of AVNF
are nearer to Vatarakta and Asthimajjagata vata (disorders of musculoskeletal origin). Objectives: By considering AVNF as Vatarakta, Asthimajjagata vata has attempted in the present study to evaluate the efficiency of
Ayurvedic formulation in the conservative management of AVNF. Method-A case of AVN with bilateral femoral
head presented with complaints of pain in the bilateral hip region with difficulty in routine work, i.e. walking, sitting, squatting, along with a change in gait. Initially, the patient was treated with Manjishtadi Kshara Basti, followed by Manjishtadi Ksheera Basti and Anuvasana Basti with Panchatiktaka gritha as per Karma Basti schedule
(modified), followed by Shaman Aushadhi. Result-Patient was observed for symptomatic improvement based on
a questionnaire over graded signs & symptoms, also observed for clinical examination before & after treatment,
and the therapy provided marked relief from pain, tenderness, stiffness and improvement in the gait & hip joint
movements. Conclusion: The study has shown that conservative management of AVNF can be managed
effectively through Ayurvedic principles and improve quality of life.
MANAGEMENT OF CHARMAKHYA KUSHTA THROUGH SHODHANA AND SHAMANA- A CASE STUDY
Authors: - Madhushree , Yaseen Hullur Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Skin is the central organ of our body, which plays a vital role in cosmetology. In Ayurveda, the skin and its diseases are explained under Kushta. The Nirukti of Kushta is derived from the sutra– “ Kushanti Nisheshena Vilekhanam Karoti anga pratyangani iti kushta ”, which means the one which causes Vilekhana to anga-Pratyanga of
Shareera is called Kushta. Kushta is broadly classified into Maha kushta & Kshudra kushta. Charmakhya Kushta
is one among Kshudra kushta, which does not affect the Gambheera dhatu. In the present case report, A 47-
year-old male patient presents with Bluish black, dry, rough Skin lesions in B/L lower limbs, associated with severe itching and Burning sensation since 2018. The patient was treated with Shodhana like Virechana and
Jaloukavacharana, followed by Bahya chikitsa, i.e Lepa and Parisheka, along with Shamana aushadhi & reported significant improvement in the condition.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX OVARIAN CYST- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Mittal Megha , Sharma Monika , Yadav Natasha
Published: June 2024

Cysts in the ovaries can be simple or complex. Ovarian cysts classified as complexes include either blood or a
solid material. In routine gynaecological practice, ovarian cystic masses are a prevalent concern. The prevalence
of ovarian cysts varies greatly, according to data. According to reports, ovarian cysts affect 8–18% of women who
are postmenopausal and premenopausal. The majority of the cysts are asymptomatic and are only found via standard ultrasonography. Some of them are very symptomatic, making it difficult for women to go about their daily
lives. The size of the cysts has a significant impact on the symptoms. In modern times, therapy options include
combined oral contraceptive pills and surgery to address cysts that don't go away after three months. Due to the
numerous adverse effects of oral contraceptives, there is a growing need for other forms of management, particularly among patients who prefer not to undergo surgery. Ayurveda treats ovarian cysts under the general category
of Granthi, where they are associated explicitly with Kaphaja Granthi. Treatment for an 18-year-old female patient who had a complicated left ovarian cyst with cystitis, dyspareunia, burning micturition, and significant lower
abdominal pain was based on Ayurvedic principles. The patient was administered Srotosanghar Churn, Granthihar
Kwath, Capsule Liv Fit, Search Cordial capsule, and Search Cordial syrup for one month. A follow-up USG revealed that the cyst had disappeared entirely, and the symptoms had decreased significantly. The current study
highlights how Ayurveda can help control ovarian cysts beneficially.