bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotopic geochemistry of the Jinwozi gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan orogen, NW China: implications for the ore genesis
Authors: Zhang Zeng‐Jie , Chen Hua‐Yong , Hu Ming‐Yue , Zhang Jing , Li Deng‐Feng
Published: August 2014

The Jinwozi gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt in northwest China has been mined for more than 100 years and previous studies have mostly classified it as an intrusion‐related gold deposit. In this paper, the age of the Jinwozi intrusion and the isotopic geochemistry characteristics of the deposit were studied to investigate the ore genesis and ore genetic type. Results showed that: (1) The Jinwozi pluton, which is the host rock of the orebodies, was emplaced during 395–390 Ma, thus substantially predating gold mineralization (243–228 Ma); (2) δ18O values of fluid in the main mineralized stage (stage II) vary from −0.9 to 5.0‰, with an average of 2.0‰. Those of late quartz–calcite stage (stage III) fluids are between −13.3 and 0.4‰, with an average of −7.6‰. δD values of fluids in stage II vary from −97 to −84‰, with an average of −89‰, slightly higher than those of stage III fluids (−85 to −120‰, average −108‰). δ13C values of the ore‐forming fluid in stage II vary from −0.3 to 3.2‰, with an average of 1.3‰. δ34S values of pyrite from both stage II and III are generally high, ranging from 3.9 to 7.7‰, with an average of 6.0‰. Lead isotopic compositions of sulphides from stage II and III are similar, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios have ranges from 17.7780 to 18.4750, 15.4881 to 15.6965, 38.1560 to 38.7370, respectively. Two Pb isotope model ages of 450 and 268 Ma were yielded from these data. The oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sulphur and lead isotope compositions all indicate that the ore‐forming fluids at Jinwozi may dominantly derive from a mixture of metamorphic and meteoric water, but is unlikely from a magmatic–hydrothermal source. Based on the geological and geochemical evidence, we infer that the Jinwozi gold mineralization may have occurred during the collision between the Kazakhstan–Junggar Plate and the Tarim Plate, accompanied by metamorphism which generated the ore‐forming fluids through the dehydration and decarbonation of country rocks. Such processes, combining with other geological and geochemical characteristics, indicate that the Jinwozi gold deposit can be classified as orogenic type. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LA–ICP–MS and EPMA studies on the Fe–S–As minerals from the Jinlongshan gold deposit, Qinling Orogen, China: implications for ore‐forming processes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Lei , Gilbert Sarah , Liu Jia‐Jun , Shi Wen‐Sheng
Published: August 2014

The Jinlongshan gold deposit, Shaanxi Province, is a large Carlin‐type deposit in the Western Qinling Gold Province (WQGP) in the Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China. In this study, we present new EPMA and LA–ICP–MS geochemical data on the Fe–S–As minerals at Jinlongshan, which consist mainly of pyrite, arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite. Diagenetic pyrite (Py0) is preferentially hosted in the sedimentary rocks as rounded or framboidal aggregates. Three types of hydrothermal pyrite (Py1, Py2 and Py3) and two types of arsenopyrite (Apy1 and Apy2) were newly identified in the ores and wall‐rocks: fine‐grained Py1 and Apy1 were formed at the early mineralization stage; coarse‐grained Py2 and Apy2 were formed at the middle mineralization stage; and Py3 with stibnite were formed at the late mineralization stage. Their trace elements differ in concentrations, associations and rim–core zonations, implying different genesis and crystallization processes. Py0 is As‐poor (Au < 0.105 wt% and As < 0.094 wt%); Py1 and Py2 are Au–As‐rich (Au = 1.9–113 ppm and As up to 7.270 wt%); Py3 is Au–As‐poor (Au = 0.03–11.4 ppm and As < 0.56 wt%); and Apy1 and Apy2 show the highest Au concentration (up to 576 ppm). Co, Ni and As (±Se and Te) occur in pyrite as isomorphism, and Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn are distributed primarily as invisible or visible sulphide inclusions. The dominant state of Au in the hydrothermal Fe–S–As minerals at Jinlongshan is lattice bound Au+1, and possibly invisible Au0nanoparticles, whereas in the diagenetic Py0, the dominant state is mainly Au0. By integrating the evidence from ore deposit geology, mineral morphology, internal structure and trace element geochemistry of the Au‐bearing Fe–S–As minerals, it is concluded that the formation of the Jinlongshan Au deposit may have been related to the regional metallogenic episode at around 170 Ma in the WQGP, which was coeval with the regional tectonic transition from a collisional compression to a late‐ to post‐collisional extension in the Qinling Orogen. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An effective two‐step ionic liquids method for cornstalk pretreatment
Authors: Xu Junli , Yao Xiaoqian , Xin Jiayu , Lu Xingmei , Zhang Suojiang
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

Ionic liquids have shown excellent performance in biomass delignification. However, there is still a strong demand to improve delignification by developing new biomass pretreatment methods to take full advantage of ionic liquids.

RESULTS

A two‐step ionic liquids method for cornstalk pretreatment was developed by combining choline hydroxide (ChOH) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([Emim][DMP]) ionic liquids. First, the cornstalk sample was soaked in ChOH aqueous solution for 3 h, the residue was then dissolved completely by [Emim][DMP] in 10 min. The cellulose rich material (CRM) was regenerated from the [Emim][DMP] solution by adding anti‐solvent (acetone/water (v:v = 1:1)). The results showed that 77.28% lignin was removed and cellulose content was increased to 52.14% in the CRM. Simultaneously, the crystalline structure of cellulose was altered and amorphous cellulose was obtained in the two‐step method. The amorphous cellulose was converted into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and a high HMF yield of 87.21% was achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

The two‐step method enhanced the cornstalk pretreatment through improving delignification and the disruption of cellulose crystalline structure under mild conditions, which made the two‐step method more competitive compared with other conventional pretreatment methods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between daily European precipitation and measures of atmospheric water vapour transport
Authors: Lavers David A. , Villarini Gabriele
Published: August 2014

In this study we investigate the relationship between daily European precipitation totals and different measures of atmospheric water vapour transport during both the winter and summer seasons. Using gridded gauge‐based precipitation estimates across Europe and the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis as the source of the water vapour transport, we examine what combination of predictor variables (related to wind and humidity at different levels and total column water) explains the most precipitation variability. Results show that stronger relationships occur in the winter than in the summer, and that the best linear models for explaining the daily rainfall variability contain the zonal and meridional water vapour transport components as predictors [e.g. winter precipitation in the European Alps (western Norway) has R2 values of about 0.5 (0.45)]. Precipitation regions most related to zonal and meridional moisture fluxes are also discussed. We also show that models requiring just three fields, namely the integrated water vapour, and the 850‐hPa zonal and meridional winds, are able to explain the precipitation variability in Europe well. Given the computational and initial storage requirements in calculating water vapour transport integrated over the atmospheric column (in particular for climate change projections), it would be possible to use these three fields in assessments of future water vapour fluxes over Europe, in turn allowing inferences to be made on future rainfall and flood events.
The S in Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance of the US Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Kweh Qian Long , Lu Wen‐Min , Azizan Noor Azlinna , Wang Wei‐Kang
Published: August 2014

This paper examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate performance. Using a two‐stage approach, we first evaluate the efficiency and metafrontier framework of companies in the US telecommunications industry. In the second stage, we run ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine the relationship between CSR and corporate performance. Our first‐stage findings show that the sample companies should first improve their scale inefficiencies rather than the inefficiencies in management practices. Through analysis on metatechnology ratios, we provide an insight on the potential improvement in performance caused by changes in the production environment. Our second‐stage analysis shows that the social aspects of CSR have positive impacts on corporate performance. Overall, this study contributes to increased understanding of the social aspects of CSR and the performance of US telecommunications companies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A posteriori error estimators for linear reduced‐order models using Krylov‐based integrators
Authors: Amsallem D. , Hetmaniuk U.
Published: August 2014

Reduced‐order models for linear time‐invariant dynamical systems are considered, and the error between the full‐order model and the reduced‐order model solutions is characterized. Based on the analytical representation of the error, an a posteriori error indicator is proposed that combines a Krylov‐based exponential integrator and an a posteriori residual‐based estimate. Numerical experiments illustrate the quality of the error estimator. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchically parallel coupled finite strain multiscale solver for modeling heterogeneous layers
Authors: Mosby Matthew , Matouš Karel
Published: August 2014

We develop a three‐dimensional, hierarchically parallel, finite strain multiscale solver capable of computing nonlinear multiscale solutions with over 1 billion finite elements and over 574 million nonlinear equations on 1552 computing cores. In the vein of FE2, we use the nested iterative procedure and devote the solver to multiscale cohesive modeling of heterogeneous hyperelastic layers. The hierarchically parallel multiscale solver takes advantage of a client‐server non‐blocking communication matrix that limits latency, starvation, and overhead by overlaying computations at different scales. We perform simulations of real‐scale engineering devices and bridge in length‐scales, spanning from  mm to  nm in spatial resolution. Verification of the hierarchically parallel solver is provided together with a mesh convergence study. Moreover, we report on the scaling performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Road Crossings on Habitat Connectivity for Stream‐Resident Fish
Authors: Diebel M. W. , Fedora M. , Cogswell S. , O'Hanley J. R.
Published: August 2014

Road crossings can act as barriers to the movement of stream fishes, resulting in habitat fragmentation, reduced population resilience to environmental disturbance and higher risks of extinction. Strategic barrier removal has the potential to improve connectivity in stream networks, but managers lack a consistent framework for determining which projects will most benefit target species. The objective of this study is to develop a method for identifying and prioritizing action on road crossings in order to restore stream network connectivity. We demonstrate the method using a case study from the Pine‐Popple watershed in Wisconsin. First, we propose a new metric for quantifying stream connectivity status for stream‐resident fish. The metric quantifies the individual and cumulative effects of barriers on reach and watershed level connectivity, while accounting for natural barriers, distance‐based dispersal limitations and variation in habitat type and quality. We conducted a comprehensive field survey of road crossings in the watershed to identify barriers and estimate replacement costs. Of the 190 surveyed road crossings, 74% were determined to be barriers to the movement of at least one species or life stage of fish, primarily due to high water velocity, low water depth or outlet drops. The results of the barrier removal prioritization show that initial projects targeted for mitigation create much greater improvements in connectivity per unit cost than later projects. Benefit–cost curves from this type of analysis can be used to evaluate potential projects within and among watersheds and minimize overall expenditures for specified restoration targets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing a Standardized Electrofishing Sampling Protocol for Warmwater Resident Sportfish in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, USA
Authors: Sammons S. M.
Published: August 2014

A two‐year electrofishing study was initiated in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, to identify an optimal standardized sampling program for three principal resident sportfish: Alabama bass Micropterus henshalli, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus, and redeye bass Micropterus coosae. Samples were conducted in spring (May), summer (July), and fall (October) in 2010 and 2011 from seven 1‐h transects. Spring samples of Alabama bass had lower catch per effort (CPE) and were more skewed towards fish between 200 and 300 mm total length (TL) than samples in other seasons; whereas, fall samples collected more redeye bass >200 mm TL but CPE was similar among seasons. Fewer, but larger, redbreast sunfish were sampled during fall compared with other seasons. Mean CPE of all three species was independent of transect duration. The total time spent electrofishing and processing fish in order to estimate a mean CPE with a specified precision was a function of transect duration and CPE. More effort was needed as CPE decreased for most species, but the relations between transect duration and total effort were parabolic. A precision of within 10% of the mean CPE was unattainable for most species as a result of logistic considerations. Based on the results of this study, it appears that fall is the optimal sampling time for these species in the Tallapoosa River and the optimal transect duration is likely 10 min. At a precision level of 20% of the mean, the number of 10‐min transects required ranged from 5 to 40, with a total sample time for each individual species of 0.82–7.16 h. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms for Understanding Mental Model Change in Group Model Building
Authors: Scott Rodney J. , Cavana Robert Y. , Cameron Donald
Published: August 2014

Mental model change and mental model alignment are reported outcomes of group model building. Several explanations have been proposed for these changes. This paper explores the experiences of participants in group model building workshops where delayed evaluations suggested that lasting mental model change has occurred. Semi‐structured interviews were used to explore how participants believed that the workshops changed their thinking. The results are compared with proposed mechanisms for mental model change: operator logic, system archetypes, modelling as persuasion, and boundary objects. Although individuals typically possess incomplete insight into their own learning, understanding participants' recollections helps practitioners to better communicate with clients and potential clients. Interview results support the boundary object mechanism as most consistent with participants' own recollections. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian feature selection in high‐dimensional regression in presence of correlated noise
Authors: Feldman Guy , Bhadra Anindya , Kirshner Sergey
Published: August 2014

We consider the problem of feature selection in a high‐dimensional multiple predictors, multiple responses regression setting. Assuming that regression errors are i.i.d. when they are in fact dependent leads to inconsistent and inefficient feature estimates. We relax the i.i.d. assumption by allowing the errors to exhibit atree‐structureddependence. This allows a Bayesian problem formulation with the error dependence structure treated as an auxiliary variable that can be integrated out analytically with the help of the matrix‐tree theorem. Mixing over trees results in a flexible technique for modelling the graphical structure for the regression errors. Furthermore, the analytic integration results in a collapsed Gibbs sampler for feature selection that is computationally efficient. Our approach offers significant performance gains over the competing methods in simulations, especially when the features themselves are correlated. In addition to comprehensive simulation studies, we apply our method to a high‐dimensional breast cancer data set to identify markers significantly associated with the disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
microRNAs: role in leukemia and their computational perspective
Authors: Omer Ankur , Singh Poonam , Yadav Navneet Kumar , Singh Rama Kant
Published: August 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to the family of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and had gained importance due to its role in complex biochemical pathways. Changes in the expression of protein coding genes are the major cause of leukemia. Role of miRNAs as tumor suppressors has provided a new insight in the field of leukemia research. Particularly, the miRNAs mediated gene regulation involves the modulation of multiple mRNAs and cooperative action of different miRNAs to regulate a particular gene expression. This highly complex array of regulatory pathway network indicates the great possibility in analyzing and identifying novel findings. Owing to the conventional, slow experimental identification process of miRNAs and their targets, the last decade has witnessed the development of a large amount of computational approaches to deal with the complex interrelations present within biological systems. This article describes the various roles played by miRNAs in regulating leukemia and the role of computational approaches in exploring new possibilities. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:65–78. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1256

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Silver Compounds in Synthetic Chemistry. Part 8. Complexes of Perfluoroorgano Silver(I) Derivatives with 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)
Authors: Kremer Silke , Pantenburg Ingo , Tyrra Wieland
Published: August 2014

Attempted syntheses of AgRf·DMAP were performed using the established route starting from AgF and Me3SiRf (Rf = CF3, C2F5, C6F5) followed by the addition of DMAP. Unexpectedly, reactions with perfluoroalkylsilver(I) derivatives yielded products, which underwent known equilibria, while exclusively the pentafluorophenyl derivative exhibits its zwitterionic nature in solution and in the solid state. Moreover, both perfluoroalkyl derivatives investigated decomposed slowly but more or less selectively even at –20 °C in solution: AgC2F5·DMAP mainly into AgOCOCF3 (probably under the influence of moisture) and AgCF3·DMAP mainly into the unprecedented derivative 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐dimethylaminopyridine. The molecular structure of AgC6F5·DMAP was elucidated showing a twist arrangement of the aromatic rings quite unusual for linear coordinated species.
Questions and Answers on the Belgian Model of Integral End-of-Life Care: Experiment? Prototype?
Authors: Bernheim Jan L. , Distelmans Wim , Mullie Arsène , Ashby Michael A.
Published: August 2014

This article analyses domestic and foreign reactions to a 2008 report in the British Medical Journal on the complementary and, as argued, synergistic relationship between palliative care and euthanasia in Belgium. The earliest initiators of palliative care in Belgium in the late 1970s held the view that access to proper palliative care was a precondition for euthanasia to be acceptable and that euthanasia and palliative care could, and should, develop together. Advocates of euthanasia including author Jan Bernheim, independent from but together with British expatriates, were among the founders of what was probably the first palliative care service in Europe outside of the United Kingdom. In what has become known as the Belgian model of integral end-of-life care, euthanasia is an available option, also at the end of a palliative care pathway. This approach became the majority view among the wider Belgian public, palliative care workers, other health professionals, and legislators. The legal regulation of euthanasia in 2002 was preceded and followed by a considerable expansion of palliative care services. It is argued that this synergistic development was made possible by public confidence in the health care system and widespread progressive social attitudes that gave rise to a high level of community support for both palliative care and euthanasia. The Belgian model of so-called integral end-of-life care is continuing to evolve, with constant scrutiny of practice and improvements to procedures. It still exhibits several imperfections, for which some solutions are being developed. This article analyses this model by way of answers to a series of questions posed by Journal of Bioethical Inquiry consulting editor Michael Ashby to the Belgian authors.
Family support in the transition to adulthood in Portugal – Its effects on identity capital development, uncertainty management and psychological well‐being
Authors: Oliveira José Egídio , Mendonça Marina , Coimbra Susana , Fontaine Anne Marie
Published: August 2014

In a familistic southern European society such as the Portuguese, the family has historically played a prominent role in supporting the negotiation of transition pathways into adulthood. The present study aimed at capturing (1) the relative weight of parental financial support and autonomy support in contributing to the youngsters' psychological well‐being (PWB), and (2) the mediating role of identity capital and uncertainty management in this relationship. A total of 620 participants completed measures of parental support, identity capital, uncertainty management and PWB. Autonomy support was found to be the strongest predictor of PWB, both directly and indirectly through its effects on identity capital and the use of target focused uncertainty management strategies. Conversely, financial support evidenced only a minor indirect impact through the mediation of tangible identity capital. Autonomy stimulation may constitute one of the most developmentally determinant family challenges in assisting the process of coming of age in Portugal.
Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: A case‐control study
Authors: Fiandaca Massimo S. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Mapstone Mark , Boxer Adam , Eitan Erez , Schwartz Janice B. , Abner Erin L. , Petersen Ronald C. , Federoff Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Goetzl Edward J.
Published: August 2014

Background

Proteins pathogenic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were extracted from neurally derived blood exosomes and quantified to develop biomarkers for the staging of sporadic AD.

Methods

Blood exosomes obtained at one time‐point from patients with AD (n = 57) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n = 16), and at two time‐points from others (n = 24) when cognitively normal and 1 to 10 years later when diagnosed with AD were enriched for neural sources by immunoabsorption. AD‐pathogenic exosomal proteins were extracted and quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Mean exosomal levels of total tau, P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, and amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) for AD and levels of P‐T181‐tau and Aβ1–42 for FTD were significantly higher than for case‐controls. Step‐wise discriminant modeling incorporated P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, and Aβ1–42 in AD, but only P‐T181‐tau in FTD. Classification of 96.4% of AD patients and 87.5% of FTD patients was correct. In 24 AD patients, exosomal levels of P‐S396‐tau, P‐T181‐tau, and Aβ1–42 were significantly higher than for controls both 1 to 10 years before and when diagnosed with AD.

Conclusions

Levels of P‐S396‐tau, P‐T181‐tau, and Aβ1–42 in extracts of neurally derived blood exosomes predict the development of AD up to 10 years before clinical onset.
Hemoclips of a Band Released After Recovery of a Stenosed Shunt
Authors: Mutlu Unal , Ayez Ninos , Fioole Bram , Akkersdijk George P. , Boots Hans M. , Vroegindeweij Dammis
Published: August 2014

A man aged 30 years with a brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in the left upper arm developed clinical complaints of a cold left hand due to a flow of 3,500 mL/min. A successful banding procedure was performed. Nineteen months later, a stenosis at the banding site resulted in reduced flow and insufficient dialysis. Several percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures with different diameters were performed. A satisfactory result was achieved using a 6-mm high-pressure balloon.
Novel Catheter Positioning System for Intravenous Central Lines: A Report of 1 Hospital's Experience
Authors: Smith Linda , Brown Catherine M. , Mendoza Julie
Published: August 2014

Background: Malpositioned peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can create serious complications. Confirmatory chest radiographs, the standard method for certifying proper central-catheter tip position, are sometimes imprecise and unreliable. James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital tested an advanced electronic positioning system for central lines that could hypothetically reduce malpositions. Little data has previously been published about this technology.

Methods: Before the positioning system could be approved for use at the hospital, efficacy data had to pass reviews by multiple individuals/entities. The hospital's PICC team initially conducted a 2-week trial of the vascular positioning system, using it on 28 patients. Permission was granted to continue using the new system and to request acquisition of the technology. Use of confirmatory radiographic images continued during this further evaluation.

Results: The overall malposition rate during the first 12 months of system use was reduced by about half—a statistically significant finding. The system could be used optimally with 594 of 834 placements (71.2%) at an accuracy rate of 98.5%. The system could be used suboptimally (eg, with patients who have pacemakers) for 240 of the 834 placements, at an accuracy rate of 84.6%. The overall malposition rate was 5.5%—about half the 10.8% rate seen during the 12-month period before system use.

Conclusions: The statistically significant results, from the largest data set reported at 1 site using the system, were judged sufficient to switch to using the system instead of confirmatory radiographic images when the system indicated correct PICC placement in the heart's cavoatrial junction. The malposition rate with the system continues to improve as the PICC team gains experience in using the system. Additional study is needed on this and other positioning systems.
Editorial
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth , Nakata Martin
Published: August 2014

We are very proud to present this timely and significant Special Issue of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, guest edited by Katelyn Barney (The University of Queensland), Cindy Shannon (The University of Queensland) and Martin Nakata (The University of New South Wales). This collection of articles focuses on the activities of the Australian Indigenous Studies Learning and Teaching Network, an initiative funded by the Office for Teaching and Learning. The Australian Indigenous Studies Learning and Teaching Network was formed to bring leaders and early career academics in the field together to build relationships, debate and discuss central issues, and explore and share teaching and learning strategies in the discipline at tertiary level. These discussions at once untangle and re-entangle the processes, pedagogies and politics at play when Indigenous Studies becomes defined as a discipline.
Exploring New Conceptualisations of Old Problems: Researching and Reorienting Teaching in Indigenous Studies to Transform Student Learning
Authors: Page Susan
Published: August 2014

Indigenous Studies can be both exciting and challenging for teachers and students. This article will examine how an existing learning theory can be harnessed to help teachers better understand these challenges and manage some frequently seen student behaviours. Much of the discussion in Indigenous Studies pedagogy to date has focused on the curriculum and what we should be teaching, with a growing body of literature, for example, related to the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledges. However, there is less written about how students learn in Indigenous Studies. Drawing on the notion of the Cultural Interface and the ‘zone of proximal development’ to highlight the complexity of Indigenous Studies classrooms as a site of necessary struggle for students, the article considers possibilities for reconceptualising and reorienting teaching. The paper explores using the threshold concepts framework to gather evidence about how students learn or indeed don't learn, in Indigenous Studies. Threshold concepts are key ideas, critical to mastering discipline specific knowledge, which facilitate students’ ability to think like a discipline experts.
PEARLs, Problems and Politics: Exploring Findings From Two Teaching and Learning Projects in Indigenous Australian Studies at The University of Queensland
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth , Barney Katelyn
Published: August 2014

This article explores the implementation of PEARL (Political, Embodied, Active, and Reflective Learning) in two courses at The University of Queensland: a first-year introductory Indigenous Studies course and a second year Indigenous Education course. We draw on findings from a 2-year (2010–2011) Office for Learning and Teaching (then ALTC) funded curriculum renewal project and findings from a pilot project (2013) implementing PEARL in a compulsory Indigenous Education course for all pre-service teacher educators in primary and secondary teacher training at The University of Queensland. Drawing transformative education theory into conversation with critical pedagogy and anti-colonial/racist education, we share student data from focus groups, questionnaires and reflective journals to examine the shift in students’ understanding of Indigenous issues, histories and peoples. Finally, we reflect on the ways the results hold great potential for the further implementation of PEARL into other university level courses, specifically in relation to a ‘pedagogy of solidarity’ between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.
Relationship between conductive hearing loss and maxillary constriction
Authors: Peyvandi A A , Jamilian A , Moradi E
Published: August 2014

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between conductive hearing loss and maxillary constriction.

Method:

A total of 120 people, aged from 7 to 40 years, who were referred to an audiologist when taking out health insurance or for school pre-registration check-up, were selected for this study. A total of 60 participants who had hearing threshold levels greater than 15 dB in both ears were chosen as the conductive hearing loss group. The remaining 60, with normal hearing thresholds of less than 15 dB, were used as the control group. All participants were referred to an orthodontic clinic. Participants who had a posterior crossbite and high palatal vault were considered to suffer from maxillary constriction.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the sex ratios and mean ages of the groups. However, participants with conductive hearing loss were 3.5 times more likely than controls to suffer from maxillary constriction.

Conclusion:

Patients who suffer from conductive hearing loss are likely to show a maxillary abnormality when examined by an orthodontist.
Fish population studies using parasites from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean: considering host population changes and species body size as sources of variability of parasite communities
Authors: GEORGE-NASCIMENTO MARIO , OLIVA MARCELO
Published: August 2014

Research using parasites in fish population studies in the South Eastern Pacific (SEP) is summarized. There are 27 such studies (snapshots mainly) in single host species sampled at different geographic localities and at somewhat similar times. They have been devoted mainly to economically important species, though others on coastal and intertidal fish or on less- or non-commercial species provide insights on scales of temporal and spatial variation of parasite infracommunities. Later, we assess whether the probability of harbouring parasites depends on the host species body size. Our results indicate that a stronger tool for fish population studies may be developed under regular (long term) scrutiny of parasite communities, especially of small fish host species, due to their larger variability in richness, abundance and total biomass, than in large fish species. Finally, it might also be necessary to consider the effects of fishing on parasite communities as well as the natural oscillations (coupled or not) of host and parasite populations.
Use of character information by autonomous robots based on character string detection in daily environments
Authors: Yamazaki Kimitoshi , Nishino Tomohiro , Nagahama Kotaro , Okada Kei , Inaba Masayuki
Published: August 2014

Characters encountered in daily environments provide valuable information to human beings and potentially to automated machines. This paper describes the use of character information by robots working in daily environments. Our robot system finds and reads character strings by virtue of a recognition module that detects character candidates as closed contours in an image. The closed-contour-based method enables detection of various character strings observed from different viewpoints. To cope with tiny and distant characters, the image processing is collaborated with a camera system having a mechanical gaze adjustment. By combining the detection result with an optical character reader, the autonomous robot can provide daily assistance to humans.
Emotion detection for wheelchair navigation enhancement
Authors: Lamti Hachem A. , Ben Khelifa Mohamed Moncef , Alimi Adel M. , Gorce Philippe
Published: August 2014

The goal of this study is to investigate the use of emotion as a braking system for wheelchair navigation. In the first part emotion is detected based on ElectroEncephalography (EEG) technology and emotion induction experiments. Using different techniques for features extraction (Welch and Wavelets), selection (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)) and classification (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA)), the best combination was assigned to Wavelets-GA-MLP. In the second part, in order to validate the impact of emotion as velocity modulator, a comparison between emotion-based and non emotion-based wheelchair navigation scenarios in a simulated environment was conducted. The assessment was based on four parameters: obstacles hit, navigation path, execution time and outbound points of gaze (POG). While the first two emotion introductions showed better results, this was not the case for the third. These findings can be utilized in order to prescribe a suitable wheelchair according to the subject pathology.
Mesoscopic structures resulting from crystal accumulation and melt movement in granites
Authors: Vernon R. H. , Paterson S. R.
Published: August 2014

Several mesosocopic structures are consistent with mechanical accumulation of crystals and movement of melt in granite magmas, as well as compaction and shear of crystal-melt aggregates, concentrations of microgranitoid enclaves indented by megacrysts, and concentrations of crystals of the same mineral with different crystallisation histories. Evidence for crystal and enclave accumulation is shown clearly in mafic and silicic layered intrusions (MASLI-type granite plutons), for example, the Kameruka Granodiorite, Bega Batholith, south-eastern Australia.

Crystal accumulations with interstitial liquid may become mobile in a magma chamber, owing to instabilities in the host magma caused by seismic and replenishment events or thermal and buoyancy variations. This remobilised material may intrude other parts of the chamber, as well as earlier-formed cumulates and even wall-rocks, as dykes, tubes, troughs and pipes. Marked concentrations of accessory and mafic minerals may also develop in these structures. Interstitial melt may also be extracted from accumulated aggregates, intruding and disrupting the aggregates. Spectacular examples of these various structures are preserved in the Tuolumne Batholith, California. Detailed mechanisms for the formation of many of the structures are not well understood, though the formation of cumulates in vertical layers suggests that sorting and filter pressing during flow and resulting strain of crystal mushes may play important roles.
Incremental pluton emplacement by magmatic crack-seal
Authors: Bartley John M. , Coleman Drew S. , Glazner Allen F.
Published: August 2014

A growing body of evidence indicates that some, and perhaps most, plutons are highly composite. However, the geometrical forms of increments and the processes by which they are added are poorly known. Magmatic crack-seal probably is an important incremental assembly process, particularly in the upper crust where wall-rock fracture is important. Evidence for magmatic crack-seal is clearest where it is antitaxial, i.e., new fractures form at the contact between wall rock and a growing intrusion. Local deviation of antitaxial cracks into wall rocks isolates wall-rock bodies that therefore mark increment contacts. Wall rock isolated by this process remains in situ and thus is likely to preserve a ghost stratigraphy. Previously described plutons are identified, and interpreted to have grown by antitaxial magmatic crack-seal. In contrast, it remains unclear what observable geological record may remain in plutons formed by syntaxial crack-seal, in which new cracks form in the middle of the growing pluton. Several plutons are identified that preserve possible indirect evidence for growth by syntaxial crack seal, but conclusive identification of a direct record of the process remains elusive. However, plutons with sharp discordant contacts but few xenoliths may have been emplaced incrementally by syntaxial magmatic crack-seal.
Downward host rock transport and the formation of rim monoclines during the emplacement of Cordilleran batholiths
Authors: Paterson Scott R. , Farris David W.
Published: August 2014

The mechanisms by which Cordilleran plutons are emplaced vary widely. However, the present authors have examined a series of plutons ranging from 2-35 km emplacement depth that have many common features, which suggest that downward transport of host rock is the most important mechanism during magma ascent and pluton emplacement. Many of these Cordilleran plutons preserve gently dipping, unfaulted roofs attached to steep walls bordered by narrow ductile aureoles. Flat lying roof strata commonly roll over into steeply dipping rim monoclines and anticlines that young towards and follow the pluton margin. Field observations suggest that such rim monoclines and anticlines formed due to gravitationally driven roof collapse and channel flow along margins. In the examples in this paper, pluton walls are often comprised of narrow steeply dipping ductile aureoles in which the intensity of strain increases downward. Aureole ductile strains are insufficient to account for the volume of magma emplaced, and are typically <40% of pluton volume. However, when aureole strain is combined with minimum estimates of stoping and host rock rotation during rim monoclines formation, sufficient space can be created. The examples suggest that gravitationally driven downward host rock transport by stoping and rigid rotations along roofs and walls and by focused channel flow by ductile strain along walls are common processes during the rise of Cordilleran plutons, and is one process that contributes to crustal thickening and the growth of crustal roots.
Adaptive Kalman Filtering with Recursive Noise Estimator for Integrated SINS/DVL Systems
Authors: Gao Wei , Li Jingchun , Zhou Guangtao , Li Qian
Published: August 2014

This paper considers the estimation of the process state and noise parameters when the statistics of the process and measurement noise are unknown or time varying in the integration system. An adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) with a recursive noise estimator that is based on maximum a posteriori estimation and one-step smoothing filtering is proposed, and the AKF can provide accurate noise statistical parameters for the Kalman filter in real-time. An exponentially weighted fading memory method is introduced to increase the weights of the recent innovations when the noise statistics are time varying. Also, the innovation covariances within a moving window are averaged to correct the noise statistics estimator. Experiments on the integrated Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/ Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) system show that the proposed AKF improves the estimation accuracy effectively and the AKF is robust in the presence of vigorous-manoeuvres and rough sea conditions.
A Novel Process Model for Marine Accident Analysis by using Generic Fuzzy-AHP Algorithm
Authors: Sahin Bekir , Senol Yunus Emre
Published: August 2014

Marine accident analysis is a sophisticated and complex official interpretation that requires a professional and fair judgment. For accidents such as a collision, contact and other incidents in the maritime field, the judgment mechanism of the courts depends on the decision process of the field experts. Field experts define the “Fraction Defectives” (FDs) of the vessels for the intended case based on the existing evidence and navigational specifications. However, evaluation of human judgment can be limited and problematic in analysing many aspects of a case. In this paper, a pairwise comparison method is used to simplify and clarify the judgment process. We aim to assess marine accidents in a stepwise approach that is inaccurately carried out in a holistic perspective by the field experts. A real accident that occurred in the past is simulated in front of the field experts. After conducting an expert consultation, FDs are re-calculated to compare both the regular judgment and the results in our suggested Generic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (GF-AHP) approach.
A new family of diamagnetic macrocyclic Fe(ii) compounds exhibiting the LIESST effect at high temperatures
Authors: Wang Hongfeng , Desplanches Cédric , Dagault Philippe , Létard Jean-François
Published: August 2014

The photomagnetic properties of a new Fe(ii) macrocyclic family [Fe(LxyzN5)(CN)2]·nH2O have been investigated. These compounds are diamagnetic below 400 K and present high T(LIESST) values above 100 K.
Picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of rhodium and iridium azides
Authors: Portius Peter , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Towrie Michael , Crozier Benjamin F. , Schiager Ingrid
Published: August 2014

Ultrafast photochemical processes induced in the transition metal azido complexes Rh(Cp*)(N3)2(PPh3) and Ir(Cp*)(N3)2(PPh3) upon laser excitation at 266 nm and 400 nm were elucidated by picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory.
Exploitation of the hepatic stellate cell Raman signature for their detection in native tissue samples
Authors: Galler Kerstin , Schleser Franziska , Fröhlich Esther , Requardt Robert Pascal , Kortgen Andreas , Bauer Michael , Popp Jürgen , Neugebauer Ute
Published: August 2014

The unique information concentrated in Raman spectra serves to differentiate hepatic stellate cells from hepatocytes, detect them in living tissue and provide insight in their activation state.
Iron-catalyzed direct difunctionalization of alkenes with dioxygen and sulfinic acids: a highly efficient and green approach to β-ketosulfones
Authors: Wei Wei , Wen Jiangwei , Yang Daoshan , Wu Min , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: August 2014

A novel and efficient iron-catalyzed direct difunctionalization of alkenes with sulfinic acids and dioxygen for the synthesis of β-ketosulfones has been developed.
Synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) through oligomerization–cyclization–ROP route
Authors: Labruyère Céline , Talon Olivier , Berezina Nathalie , Khousakoun Eric , Jérôme Christine
Published: August 2014

First chemical ROP for the production of PBS with high .
Study of the molecular array behaviour of laurel alkanolamide at the oil–water interface and the high interfacial activity enhanced by an inherent synergistic effect
Authors: Zhang Sen , Zhu Pengfei , Sun Yange , Yang Yong , Cao Xulong , Song Xinwang , Li Ying
Published: August 2014

Intricate H-bonds network existed between alkanolamide and water molecules in oil–water interface layer, which laid the foundation for the high interfacial density and high interfacial efficiency of alkanolamide at the oil–water interface.
Synthesis and characterization of 5-amino-1,3,6-trinitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one as an energetic material
Authors: Ma Congming , Liu Zuliang , Yao Qizheng
Published: August 2014

Two synthetic routes for the preparation of 5-amino-1,3,6-trinitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (2) as an energetic material have been revealed.
A simple method to introduce phosphoester groups into a polybenzoxazine backbone as multifunctional modifiers
Authors: Zhang Min , Tan Zhiwei , Hu Siqian , Qiu Jinjun , Liu Chengmei
Published: August 2014

Phosphoester groups were conveniently introduced into benzoxazine monomers by chemical bonding through nucleophilic reaction of a benzoxazine ring with diethyl phosphite (DEP).
Band gap engineering design for construction of energy-levels well-matched semiconductor heterojunction with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Wang Shuobo , Zhang Yihe , Chu Paul K.
Published: August 2014

Energy-levels well-matched Mg1−xCuxWO4/Bi2WO6 heterojunction was constructed based on band gap engineering. It exhibits high visible-light photoactivity for RhB degradation and photocurrent generation.
Surface modification of poly(propylene carbonate) by layer-by-layer assembly and its hemocompatibility
Authors: Xi Man , Jin Jing , Zhang Bao-yan
Published: August 2014

Heparin and lysozyme were used to immobilize onto surface of poly(propylene carbonate) by layer-by-layer assembly to improve hemocompatibility.
Novel nanocomposites of graphene oxide reinforced poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) and polyvinylidene fluoride for embedded capacitor applications
Authors: Deshmukh Kalim , Joshi Girish M.
Published: August 2014

The fabrication and characterization of nanocomposites consisting of graphene oxide (GO) reinforced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEDOT-block-PEG)/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) were investigated.
Control of crystalline structure of porous carbons
Authors: Inagaki Michio , Toyoda Masahiro , Tsumura Tomoki
Published: August 2014

Control of crystallinity by high temperature treatment and catalytic carbonization is reviewed for porous carbons prepared from different precursors and processes.
Fabrication of nylon-6/POMs nanofibrous membranes and the degradation of mustard stimulant research
Authors: Liu Feng , Lu Qifang , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong
Published: August 2014

Nylon-6/POMs composite nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique, which show good degradation property toward HD and high filtration performance.
Benzothiadiazole – an excellent acceptor for indacenodithiophene based polymer solar cells
Authors: Liu Deyu , Sun Liang , Du Zhengkun , Xiao Manjun , Gu Chuantao , Wang Ting , Wen Shuguang , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: August 2014

Indacenodithiophene is copolymerized with di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole or terthiophene. The reason why the benzothiadiazole based polymer shows high PCE is discussed.
Efficient synthesis of new asymmetric tripodal ligands using microwave irradiation, and their crystal structures
Authors: Yuan Zeli , Yang Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Huang Jiandong , Wei Gang
Published: August 2014

An efficient method for synthesis of asymmetric tripodal ligands was described by using microwave irradiation.