bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of wastewater bacterial bio oxidation: mechanisms, reactions, and behaviors
Authors: Al-Amshawee S. , M. Yunus M. Y.
Published: August 2021

The most overlooked biological process is the oxidation process, due to the poor technical understanding of bioremediation and the many unexplained biological mechanisms. As a matter of fact, wastewater companies favor the physical and chemical approaches over the biological means to ensure process performance. Biological oxidation provides environmentally friendly treatment with limited operational requirements. It has a tremendous ability to metabolize ammonia, H2S, phosphate, and ferrous iron under the right conditions. Bacterial communities attack these wastewater components through using oxygen as a strong electron acceptor, resulting in simplified forms of wastewater components (e.g., ammonia to nitrogen gas). This manuscript reviews in details the mechanisms of wastewater bacteria against various pollutants, with the possible reactions and behaviors. It also presents the benefits of utilizing wastewater microorganisms against different pollutants.
Armonización entre la gestión documental, la calidad y la seguridad de la información en una institución de educación superior
Authors: Triana Torres Jorge William , Triana Torres Jorge William , Moreno Rodríguez Ingrid Carolina
Published: August 2021

La gestión documental es un proceso transversal encaminado a facilitar el uso de la información en las organizaciones para cumplir su objeto misional y preservar el patrimonio documental. El tratamiento adecuado de la información se convierte en uno de los valores intangibles y sustanciales para gestionar la organización como un todo. Este se trata de articular los sistemas de gestión para asegurar la eficacia en el logro de los objetivos. El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación descriptiva con enfoque mixto, orientada al desarrollo de una metodología de armonización entre los sistemas de gestión documental, calidad y seguridad de la información en una institución de educación superior. En la primera fase se aplicó un diagnóstico para verificar el nivel de cumplimiento de los sistemas mencionados, en la segunda fase se identificaron los puntos de inflexión, en la tercera fase se diseñó la metodología de armonización y en la cuarta fase se realizó la validación de la metodología propuesta. Entre los principales resultados se destaca la identificación de los puntos de inflexión y una guía metodológica para orientar la armonización. Se concluye que, a pesar de existir algunas diferencias de contenido y procesos de los sistemas estudiados, predominan las semejanzas.
Estrategias y métodos para la gestión del conocimiento de acuerdo con los requisitos NTC-ISO 30401:2019
Authors: Alba Herrera Jaime Andrés , Jiménez Oscar Mauricio
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es describir estrategias y métodos para la gestión del conocimiento de acuerdo con los requisitos de la norma técnica NTC-ISO 30401:2019. Para esto se realizó una revisión literaria de los conceptos utilizados en las estrategias de gestión del conocimiento, creación del conocimiento y la transferencia del conocimiento basados en los requisitos de esta norma. La relación obtenida según, la perspectiva de cada autor y en los diferentes campos de estudio, indicó que el 52 % demuestra que la estrategia de personalización y la estrategia de codificación son las estrategias de gestión de conocimiento (EGC) más utilizadas. Sin embargo, el estudio también sugiere la importancia de establecer qué tipo de conocimiento es manejado dentro de la organización, con el fin de implementar la estrategia más apropiada para el éxito de la gestión del conocimiento dentro de las empresas.
Innovation in the Malaysian furniture industry: Drivers and challenges
Authors: Ratnasingam Jegatheswaran , Ark Chin Khoon , Ab Latib Hazirah , Subramaniam Hasshviny , Khoo Albert
Published: August 2021

The Malaysian furniture industry is the country’s fastest growing sub-sector within the wood-based industry, and its socio-economic importance cannot be taken lightly. The industry is driven primarily by comparative advantages derived from low cost factor inputs, which has eroded in recent years due to escalating production cost. Further, the increasing competition from other cheaper producing nations, particularly China and Vietnam, is also putting a damper on the future competitiveness of the industry in Malaysia. To remain competitive, the Malaysian furniture industry must transform and advance the value-chain through innovation and value-addition. Although the government has played a pivotal role in providing a broad policy framework to support value-adding and innovative activities, success has been limited. This study evaluated the extent of innovation and its sources in the Malaysian furniture industry through an internet-based survey. The results indicated that external sources of innovation were more important than internal sources. The factor analysis showed that external inputs, market demand, and in-house research and development were the most important drivers of the innovation in the Malaysian furniture industry. Therefore, the furniture industry in Malaysia will require policy support to enhance its inherent capability for innovation in the long-term.
Infrared and fluorescence properties of reduced graphene oxide/regenerated cellulose composite fibers
Authors: Wang Xue , Yan Qinglin , Gao Xin , Wang Shuangxin , He Yuyu , Zhang Liping
Published: August 2021

To give cellulose fibers dual characteristics of warming and fluorescence, graphene oxide (GO) and fluorescent particles were simultaneously dispersed into the regenerated cellulose spinning solution through blending modification and post-reduction methods. After dry-jet wet spinning and reducing in hydrazine hydrate solution, the reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/regenerated composite fibers with different mass ratios of filler were completed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and other methods were used to characterize the structure and morphology of fibers. Test results showed that the thermal stability and infrared emissivity increased gradually with the increase of GO. The crystallinity and strength of the composite fiber first increased and then decreased. This type of fiber also had luminescent properties after addition of fluorescent agent. However, when too much fluorescent agent was added, the thermal stability, infrared emissivity, crystallinity, and other properties mentioned above were affected to some extent. According to the comprehensive analysis, when the amount of GO added was 1 wt% and fluorescent added was 3 wt%, respectively, the luminescence characteristic and far-infrared emissivity of the fibers were remarkably improved.
Ampliando vozes sobre violência obstétrica: recomendações de advocacy para enfermeira(o) obstetra
Authors: Zanchetta Margareth Santos , Santos Walterlânia Silva , Souza Kleyde Ventura de , Pina Vanessa Rodrigues , Hwu Hilary , Stahl Hannah , Argumedo-Stenner Hannah , Osei-Boateng Juliet , Zimmerman Rebecca , Pena Érica Dumont , Cabral Ivone Evangelista , Carvalho Ana Luiza de Oliveira , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Felipe Ingryd Cunha Ventura , Guruge Sepali , Amant Oona St. , Costa Edwaldo , Escobar Haydée Padilla Vda de
Published: August 2021

Resumo Objetivos explorar as demandas das mulheres, bem como do público em geral, para melhorar a qualidade da assistência obstétrica; discutir as mudanças potenciais sugeridas pelos respondentes para tal prática assistencial. Método pesquisa multicêntrica realizada por meio da plataforma Opinio, explorando opiniões dos participantes de três cidades da região Sudeste do Brasil. Tratamento dos dados por estatística descritiva e análise temática. Resultados respondentes (n=414) na faixa etária 33-37 anos (26%), incluindo mulheres (75%) com mais de 15 anos de escolaridade, casadas (45%) e com um filho (35%), revelaram lacuna de conhecimentos sobre a violência obstétrica e os direitos da mulher. Jornal, rádio e televisão são as principais fontes de informação. O enfrentamento da violência obstétrica dar-se-ia por apoio familiar. Para a práxis renovada sugeriu-se a educação coletiva sobre direitos aos cuidados obstétricos (53,1%) e o atendimento humanizado (38,2%) mobilizando o poder profissional para consolidar a humanização. Temas analíticos centrais incluíram situação vivenciada pelas mulheres e contexto idealizado de prática. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática o debate incrementa a humanização e a governança compartilhada. Recomendações propostas para advocacy coadunam com a perspectiva global da promoção de saúde das mulheres e liderança social.
Utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência por complicações agudas da hipertensão e/ou diabetes
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia Chatalov , Teston Elen Ferraz , Marquete Verônica Francisqueti , Santos Rubia Mariana de Souza , Rossi Robson Marcelo , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência por indivíduos com complicações agudas de Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. Método estudo retrospectivo realizado nos três serviços públicos de pronto-atendimento em município do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante consulta aos prontuários eletrônicos das pessoas que compareceram duas ou mais vezes no período de janeiro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020. Na análise foi utilizado Regressão Logística e georreferenciamento dos endereços residenciais. Resultados das 1.125 pessoas, 72,7% procuraram os serviços por Hipertensão; 18,1% por Diabetes; e 7,3%, por ambas as condições. A maioria não possuía a condição crônica registrada na Atenção Primária e residia próximo aos serviços de pronto-atendimento. Tiveram mais chances de três ou mais comparecimentos os usuários que procuraram concomitantemente as Unidades de Pronto atendimento do Hospital Universitário e as municipais, por ambas as condições, com menor escolaridade e sem companheiro. Conclusão e implicações para a prática informações sobre a utilização dos serviços de urgência e emergência e das pessoas que os procuram por complicações agudas da Hipertensão e/ou Diabetes podem subsidiar a formulação de políticas públicas e a proposição de estratégias mais efetivas na identificação, acompanhamento e busca ativa de pessoas com condições crônicas.
Nunca se ha visto miel tan sabrosa… ni picaduras tan dolorosas: abejas y avispas en la América portuguesa y española del siglo XVI
Authors: Santos Christian Fausto Moraes dos , Fiori Marlon Marcel , Silva Filho Wellington Bernardelli
Published: August 2021

Resumen Este artículo es el resultado de la investigación y el análisis de las descripciones de abejas y avispas realizadas por cronistas, viajeros y misioneros en la América portuguesa y española. Se utilizaron como fuentes documentales las crónicas, cartas y tratados producidos durante el primer siglo de colonización europea. Al analizar los informes sobre tales clases de insectos, pudieron observarse los peligros que los ataques de avispas y abejas podrían representar para la subsistencia de las colonias, así como el potencial de explotación de la miel producida por varias especies de abejas nativas. La relevancia del conocimiento nativo también se hace evidente, especialmente en los nombres indígenas de las especies descritas, así como en la descripción detallada de sus características físicas y conductuales.
Broadening the Base of Language Study in America
Authors: McGrath Earl J.
Published: August 2021

It is a privilege to join you in this annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, and to take a modest part in the discussions of certain problems connected with the teaching of modern foreign languages. This Association has for years been concerned with many academic activities and research in various fields of knowledge which have a very important contribution to make at this point in our national life. Though your organization is not concerned with the entire range of subjects or disciplines commonly included under the term “humane letters,” many of the fields represented here are at the very core of our liberal learning in the United States. It is of the utmost importance that the ideas and the ideals embodied in Western European culture should be reemphasized and revitalized in this day of materialism and confusion. At no time in our history has it been more necessary that concepts such as the dignity of the individual, the basic rights of free men, and the rational consideration of human problems be inculcated in the minds of American youth. You are the members of a large company of scholars and teachers who have much of the responsibility for passing on this liberal heritage to this and succeeding generations.
Obligation and Opportunity
Authors: Marckwardt Albert H.
Published: August 2021

We are all aware, painfully aware I am sure, of the defensive position which the humanities have been forced to assume during the past fifty years. Enrollments in those subjects which have traditionally borne much of the burden of a liberal education have decreased to a point that now the classical studies are represented by no more than a dwindling rear guard, and the modern foreign languages are withering from the blasts of ill-advised and ill-informed attacks in the name of practicality.
Expediency and Absolute Morality in Billy Budd
Authors: Glick Wendell
Published: August 2021

Resolve as one may to keep to the main road,” Melville wrote in Billy Budd, “some bypaths have an enticement not readily to be withstood. Beckoned by the genius of Nelson, knowingly, I am going to err in such a bypath.” With these words of caution to the reader who might object to the “literary sin” of digression, the author of Moby Dick launched into a spirited encomium upon the heroism of Lord Nelson, defending the Admiral against any “martial utilitarians” and “Benthamites of war” who might interpret his acts of “bravado” at Trafalgar which had resulted in his death to have been foolhardy and vain. For what reason, the question arises, did Melville feel that the eulogy on Nelson could justifiably be included in Billy Budd? What is the meaning of the attack upon Benthamites and utilitarians? This was no pot-boiler which required padding; surely his inclusion of the highly emotional defense of Nelson is significant for other reasons than that the chapter makes “more understandable Melville's hearty interest in martial exploits, sayings, and songs.”
Nerval and Rousseau
Authors: Kneller John W.
Published: August 2021

We have long since rejected the idea that Madame de Staël brought romanticism to France from Germany. We are also quite aware, in spite of Lasserre and Irving Babbitt, that there is a great deal in romanticism that is not in Rousseau, and a great deal in Rousseau that is not in romanticism. It now remains for us to look for some truth between these extremes. Categorical answers to questions regarding Rousseau's influence on this period in literary history will probably never be found, but esthetic insights into the matter may be gained by a study of the relationships between Jean-Jacques and the outstanding poets of the movement.
Controversia in the English Drama: Medwall and Massinger
Authors: Waith Eugene M.
Published: August 2021

To students of the classics the Roman practice of declamation has long been known as an influence on Roman satire and drama and on the early Greek romance. Apparently this rhetorical exercise is less well known to students of English drama, for in the standard histories and editions there is little to be found on the subject. Yet the controversia, the most important form of declamation, affected English drama early and late. A Renaissance imitation of a controversia furnished the plot of the earliest surviving secular play in English, Henry Medwall's Fulgens and Lucrece (1497?), and some of the Roman originals provided the most fashionable dramatists of the Jacobean era with plots for a number of plays. Of these, Massinger and Field's The Fatal Dowry (1618-19?), whose source has not previously been identified, is an unusually fine example of the transformation of controversia into drama. The early interlude and the later tragedy, examined side by side, reveal much of the operation of this special branch of classical rhetoric. I shall suggest that the controversia gave much more than plots to the English playwrights—that it influenced literary theory, method, and style.
Monsters Crouching and Critics Rampant: Or the Beowulf Dragon Debated
Authors: Bonjour Adrien
Published: August 2021

The Beowulfian dragon seems to keep as jealous a watch on the mystery of its ultimate significance in the poem as on the buried hoard. And when a critic boldly tries to force the entrance of the monster's barrow, he must sooner or later reckon with a shattering counter-stroke. Though it looked as if Professor Tolkien's brilliant attempt had finally disposed of the problem, it appears that the dragon was dormant only and the retour de flamme has now come, more than fifteen years later, in the form a of competent and courageous article, vigorously questioning the legitimacy of the critic's progress. Mr. Gang's article—and this is not the least of its merits—clearly raises the question of premises and methods in Beowulf criticism, and lucidly probes the actual base of Tolkien's interpretation of the poem. We shall not venture to decide the point (much too perilous a plight for minnows to judge the Triton's issue). Moreover, to examine so dense an article in all its implications would mean an extensive study. Our modest purpose here is merely to discuss, with special reference to the dragon, Mr. Gang's main contention, viz., “that the arguments by which Professor Tolkien shows that the poem may be symbolic are not cogent, and that the internal evidence is against this view, or at least against the particular symbolism that he discerns” (p. 6).
Estado del Arte de la Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud en América Latina
Authors:   , Martínez-Licona F. M.
Published: August 2021

El surgimiento y desarrollo de las tecnologías en salud ha hecho que se intensifique el papel de su evaluación en los últimos años, provocando un interés creciente en la Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud (ETES) en América Latina, a través de intentos por proporcionar información útil al tomador de decisiones. Este artículo presenta una revisión del estado del arte de ETES en Latinoamérica, a partir del análisis de publicaciones en revistas y eventos especializa- dos. Se abordaron tres aspectos: elementos de evaluación, métodos que se aplican y políticas resultantes. Se encon- traron los siguientes aspectos de evaluación: seguridad, eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia, económico-financieros, clínicos y técnicos, estos últimos con mayor desarrollo. Con respecto a los métodos, se encontraron propuestas de estrategias empíricas para el análisis de la información y la toma de decisiones. La generación de políticas públicas relacionadas con la ETES en América Latina es incipiente, apenas se están identificando las problemáticas nacio- nales y las estrategias a seguir para su solución. Por lo tanto, se aprecia una necesidad de seguir trabajando en el desarrollo de políticas, estrategias y métodos de ETES en la región Latinoamericana que permitan responder a las problemáticas en salud de la población de cada país.
Interfaces Cerebro-Computadora: Conceptualización, Retos de Rediseño e Impacto Social
Authors:   , Alonso-Valerdi L- M.
Published: August 2021

Las Interfaces Cerebro-Computadora (ICCs) son sistemas que miden la actividad del Sistema Nervioso Central y la convierten en salidas que reemplazan, restauran, aumentan, suplementan o mejoran las salidas naturales de dicho sistema y, por lo tanto, cambian las interacciones en curso entre el ser humano y su ambiente interno o externo. Sin embargo, a más de medio siglo de ser investigadas en condiciones de laboratorio, las ICC no han podido ser trasla- dadas al mundo real. En el presente artículo de revisión se busca: (1) comprender a fondo la estructura de una ICC y los tipos de sistema, (2) analizar el reto que tiene la comunidad científica para mejorar la interacción entre usua- rio y sistema desde la perspectiva de la ingeniería de factores humanos y (3) describir la aplicación de este tipo de tecnología de asistencia en desarrollo en la sociedad mexicana. El futuro de estas ICC y la eficiencia con que logren el objetivo para el que fueron diseñadas, parece depender más que nunca de factores relacionados a la percepción subjetiva del usuario, su adaptación al manejo de las ICC y el proceso de internalizarlas como propias en su espacio personal y su psique.
Autonomic Face Mask Detection with Deep Learning: an IoT Application
Authors:   , Benitez-Baltazar V. H.
Published: August 2021

A new and deadly virus known as SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is spreading rapidly around the world causing more than 3 million deaths. Hence, there is an urgent need to find new and innovative ways to reduce the likelihood of infection. One of the most common ways of catching the virus is by being in contact with droplets delivered by a sick person. The risk can be reduced by wearing a face mask as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially in closed environments such as classrooms, hospitals, and supermarkets. However, people hesitate to use a face mask leading to an increase in the risk of spreading the disease, moreover when the face mask is used, sometimes it is worn in the wrong way. In this work, an autonomic face mask detection system with deep learning and powered by the image tracking technique used for the augmented reality development is proposed as a mechanism to request the correct use of face masks to grant access to people to critical areas. To achieve this, a machine learning model based on Convolutional Neural Networks was built on top of an IoT framework to enforce the correct use of the face mask in required areas as it is requested by law in some regions.
On the Solvability of the Identification Problem for a Source Function in a Quasilinear Parabolic System of Equations in Bounded and Unbounded Domains
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kopylova Vera G. , Frolenkov Igor V.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the problem of identification for a source function in one of two equations of parabolic quasilinear system. The case of Cauchy data in an unbounded domain and the case of boundary conditions of the first kind in a rectangular domain are considered. The question of the existence and uniqueness of the solution is studied. The proof uses a differential level splitting method known as the weak approximation method. The solution is obtained on a small time interval in the class of sufficiently smooth bounded functions
Distribution of Zones of Elastic and Plastic Deformation Appearing in a Layer under Compression by Two Rigid Parallel Plates
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Gomonova Olga V. , Senashov Sergey I. , Cherepanova Olga N.
Published: August 2021

A problem of distribution of zones of elastic and plastic deformation appearing in a layer of elasto-plastic material under compression by two rigid parallel plates, for the case of plane strain state with Tresca – Saint-Venant yield criterion is solved. The technique based on application of conservation laws is used to solve the problem
La gerencia integral del valor desde la interdisciplinariedad: Construcción a partir de la teoría general contable y la contametría para un reenfoque de la gerencia financiera
Authors:   Universidad Libre, Ortiz Bojacá José Joaquín
Published: August 2021

Presentamos a la comunidad académica este libro producto de investigación, queriendo aportar nuevos elementos al análisis de la gestión empresarial, desde la óptica de la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad y bajo el paradigma de la complejidad. Con ello se pretende articular diferentes enfoques teóricos de diferentes disciplinas convergentes, fortaleciendo tópicos que aún se encuentran en proceso de desarrollo como la estructuración de la teoría general contable y la contametría, que a pesar de ello nos abren caminos interesantes de exploración contribuyendo de esa manera a la consolidación de la ciencia contable como una ciencia social, pero también colaborando, a partir de esos aportes, a enriquecer aspectos fundamentales de la ciencias dialogantes, como la administración, la economía, las finanzas y la misma sociología y aprovechando de éstas sus desarrollos en la misma línea de mutuo fortalecimiento. En ese orden de ideas en el primer capítulo se presentan los argumentos fundamentales Contamétricos para un nuevo enfoque de la gerencia financiera, desde la teoría general contable. Ello nos conduce a proponer una transformación de le gerencia financiera en una gerencia integral del valor, apoyándose en una visión más amplia del análisis de los fenómenos humanos cuya esencia es por excelencia social, visto desde las diferentes perspectivas de las ciencias afines, que también están trasegando por esa vía. En el segundo capítulo se aboca la problemática de La generación de valor social como nuevo marco de análisis estratégico de las organizaciones, recorriendo elementos clave para la comprensión de este importante tópico como los siguientes: • La creación de valor como objetivo fundamental de las organizaciones. • La generación del valor social como motor del desarrollo organizacional. • Los inductores de valor como nuevos medidores de la eficiencia, eficacia y productividad organizacional. • Los nuevos modelos de negocios y la creación de valor. Como se puede observar es un despliegue de los últimos desarrollos gerenciales en que se apoyan las disciplinas convergentes de la administración, la economía, la contabilidad y las finanzas, permitiendo comprobar que el enfoque sistémico e interdisciplinar genera frutos bondadosos desde la perspectiva científica y académica. En el tercer capítulo profundizamos en la temática de La contabilidad social y sus métodos de representación, medición, valoración y evaluación: ¿eslabones perdidos en la teoría contable? Es una extensión y profundización de los dos capítulos anteriores, que lo hacemos a través del desarrollo de las siguientes problemáticas: • Principales problemas de la representación, medición, valoración y evaluación de los fenómenos socioeconómicos en forma integral.
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome)
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Rahul
Published: August 2021

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) is a very rare mesenchymal- ectodermal dysplasia. This was first described in 1940 by Richard W. B. Ellis and Simon van Creveld.This rare condition is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with variable expression. It is also known as mesoectodermal dysplasia or chondroectodermal dysplasia. The main features of this syndrome are short ribs, polydactyly, growth retardation, and ectodermal and heart defects. It is a rare disease with approximately 150 cases reported worldwide. It was found to be more common among the Amish. But sporadic cases have been reported from all over the world including India. The generalized dysplasia of endochondral ossification is because of   in a novel gene on chromosome 4p16. Mutations of the EVC1 and EVC2 genes, located in head to head configuration on chromosome 4p16 have been identified as a causative factor
Surgical cause of respiratory distress in a newborn
Authors: M. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy , C. Suguna Reddy , Nagendhar Yoga , D. Vardhini Sree
Published: August 2021

Common causes of respiratory distress in a term infant include transient tachypnoea of newborn, sepsis/congenital pneumonia and congenital heart diseases. Surgical causes of distress in a newborn are rare and should be considered when other causes have been ruled out. We report a case of an early term female neonate who developed respiratory distress immediately after birth which was gradually progressive and required respiratory support. On evaluation with chest radiography and CT, a diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) was made. Immediate surgical resection was planned and done on day 8 of life. Post operatively she had no respiratory distress and discharged within a week. Baby is now healthy with normal growth and development. Half of the cases of CLE are diagnosed within the first 6 months of life but very few cases present with respiratory distress since birth. Timely diagnosis and early surgical excision in neonates <2 months improve the outcome, as seen in our case.
Effect of transtympanic ventilation tube insertion for patients with intractable Meniere’s disease
Authors: Kuruma Tessei , Arimoto Mariko , Kishimoto Mayuko , Uchida Yasue , Ogawa Tetsuya , Fujimoto Yasushi
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aimed to clarify the effects of transtympanic tube insertion on patients with Meniere’s disease refractory to conservative treatment.

Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2019, 40 patients with refractory Meniere’s disease were assigned to group I, a group of 19 patients who underwent transtympanic tube insertion (13 males, 6 females; age range 15-79 years) and group II, a control group of 21 patients who did not undergo intratympanic tube insertion (10 males, 11 females; age range 26-81 years). Definitive vertigo spells, hearing level, tinnitus and aural fullness were assessed for 2 years after treatment. The effectiveness of treatment for vertigo attacks and hearing loss was assessed according to the 1995 American academy of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery criteria. The degree of disability due to vertiginous attacks was also assessed and compared between groups using the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) before and 2 years after treatment.

Results: The frequency of vertigo attacks and the DHI score were significantly better in group I than in group II 2 years after treatment. Group I also showed significantly improved tinnitus and feelings of fullness. However, the hearing level remained unaffected in both groups.

Conclusions: This less invasive treatment might offer short term efficacy in reducing persistent vertigo, tinnitus and a feeling of aural fullness for some patients with Meniere’s disease. 
Cytopathological and histopathological evaluation of neck mass in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Lokesh Yaladahalli G. , Ravi Dudda , Srikanth Hodeyala J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Patients with neck swellings are commonly seen in ENT outpatient and leads to dilemma in diagnosis. To prevent unnecessary investigations and surgery a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool is needed. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool that can provide results in minutes.

Methods: This prospective study was done at the department of ENT, Mandya institute of medical sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India from November 2017 to April 2019 including 100 cases of neck masses in patients aged above 18 years. FNAC was done for all neck masses and then these cases were subjected for biopsy. The cytological features was then reviewed with corresponding histopathology features.

Results: Out of the 100 neck masses under study 67 (67%) were males and 33 (33%) were females with male:female ratio (1:2.03). Thyroid aspirations (43%) were most common followed by lymph node (24%), salivary gland aspirations (18%), congenital swellings (8%) and others (7%). Out of the 100 cases 26% were neoplastic and 74% were non-neoplastic. Histopathological correlations were available in all the 100 cases with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.2%, 98.65%, 95.65% and 94.81% respectively. FNAC was in correlation with histopathology in 86% of cases and found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions: FNAC is safe, simple and minimally invasive first line investigation of choice for the patients presenting with palpable neck masses and can provide results rapidly and but histopathology remains the gold standard.
Eagle syndrome as a rare cause of recurrent transient ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa)
Authors: Loum Birame , Lame Cheikh Ahmedou , Ndiaye Cheikhna B. , Toure Kamadore , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Mansour
Published: August 2021

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition, often characterized by nonspecific symptoms. It is due to an abnormally long or compressive styloid process on surrounding structures. Exceptionally, it can cause neuro-vascular manifestations. We report an observation of Eagle syndrome discovered incidentally in presence of recurrent transient ischemic stroke. A 74-year-old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, was admitted to our department following 4 episodes of transient ischemic stroke with right hemiplegia and aphasia, always rapidly resolving. Head and neck CT scan showed 2 long styloid processes with a marked impingement of the left one against the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intraoral styloidectomy was performed. The patient recovered fully and remained free of symptoms without neurological impairment, at 6 months. Eagle syndrome is a rare condition which may lead, exceptionally, to repetitive transient ischemic stroke. Surgical styloidectomy must be considered to reduce the risk of new vascular events and prevent serious complications such as dissection of the internal carotid artery.
Rare presentation of Aspergillus as cystic swelling in pre-maxillary region
Authors: . Ishita , Vishav Yadav , Dinesh Sharma Kumar , Sanjeev Bhagat
Published: August 2021

Subcutaneous fungal infections are caused by penetration of the causative fungi into the subcutaneous layer and usually present as single, localised non-tender nodular swelling. The diagnostic process is a vital dynamic process that requires effective communication and efficient collaboration. Aspergillus hyphae invade host tissues through release of various toxins like proteases, phospholipases, hemolysins, gliotoxin, aflatoxin, phthioic acid and other toxins. Under general anesthesia and proper aseptic conditions using Moure incision surgical debulking of the pre-maxillary mass was done and post-operatively oral antifungal medication was started. Multiple cystic swelling was sent for histopathological examination and found to be non-invasive Aspergillus fungal infection. Subcutaneous form of aspergillosis manifest as subcutaneous fungal infection. We presented an unusual case report of 45 years old immunocompetent female with cystic presentation of aspergillosis involving premaxillary region.
A case study of post-auricular persistent mastoid cutaneous fistula closure by anteriorly based temporalis muscle flap and tempero-mastoid fascio-cutaneous-periosteal flap
Authors: Khatri Rajkumari P.
Published: August 2021

Post-auricular cutaneous mastoid fistula (PAMCF) is a rare complication of chronic otitis media (COM), following complicate mastoid surgery and very rarely following congenital cholesteatoma. The failure rate with simple closure is high due to necrotic skin edges. Therefore several techniques for the closure of this fistula have been described. Post aural fistula after canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy can be successfully treated by fistula tract excision and obliterating the mastoid cavity. A 45 year old woman presented with discharging PAMCF, 10 years following radical mastoidectomy surgery. It was due to non-compliance of the patient, as she had not gone for follow up for 10 year following radical mastoidectomy. The temporo-mastoid fascio-cutaneous-periosteal advancement flap is effective for proper closure of the fistula and obliteration of the cavity by conchal cartilage along with anteriorly based vascularised pedicled temporalis muscle flap to ensure the viability of the flap and preventing the necrosis of the skin edges, henceforth the recurrence of the fistula.
Skin microbiome dysbiosis in leprosy cases
Authors: Teng Vannia C. , Esti Prima K.
Published: August 2021

The human skin possesses a microenvironment conducive to the growth of the skin microbiome, which plays in many physiological functions in cutaneous immunity homeostasis and maturation. The microbiome composition depends on many variables, such as endogenous (host condition) or exogenous (environmental) factors and topographic location. Host-skin microbes’ interaction can be mutualism or pathogenicity. Dysbiosis or alteration in skin microbiota is associated with various dermatological diseases, including leprosy. Dysbiosis is driven by the alteration of the microbial communities themselves or due to the intrinsic features of the host. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae targeting the nerves and skin, leading to loss of sensation on the skin, with or without dermatologic lesions, and correlated with long term consequences, such as deformities or disability. Microvascular dysfunction and significant alterations in capillary structure due to invasion of M. leprae lead to altered hydration levels of the skin caused by disruption of blood flow; which changes the resident microbial community structure. The skin microbiome composition differences in leprosy patient’s skin lesions were observed; skin microbial diversity in the leprosy patients was lower than in healthy individuals. The diversity reduction was observed in freshly diagnosis leprosy patients, those at various stages of MDT, and post-MDT; indicated that both the interaction between skin microbial community and M. leprae or the ongoing therapeutic regimen impacted the skin microbiome variation. 

 
What do we need to know about hair straightening?
Authors: George Neethu Mary , Potlapati Amruthavalli
Published: August 2021

Hair straightening is a popular hair procedure. The first hair straightening products were used for African hair. Various modes of hair straightening methods are currently being used. Temporary methods like blow drying and ironing are used for easy manageability of hair, both by modern men and women. Salon- based hair straighteners were initially permanent relaxers which, with time, evolved to formaldehyde-free hair strengthening procedures like hair Botox which is currently in trend. It improves hair manageability, increases hair strength and reduces frizz without producing much chemical damage to hair and by maintaining their natural waves, thereby producing a more natural look. We performed a thorough literature search on the topic in PubMed, consulted various hair stylists and beauty school professors prior to formulation of this article. The article aims at understanding the basic mechanisms involved in various hair straightening methods which helps us to advice patients on a wholesome care of hair.
Risk factors, clinical presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in a rural tertiary care centre- An observational study
Authors: John Lopamudra B , Saketha Lingampalli Naga , Rathod Setu
Published: August 2021

: Ectopic pregnancy is a challenging and life-threatening emergency, which can cause significant maternal morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at determining the risk factors, clinical features at presentation, diagnostic tools, management modalities and outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

: This was an observational study of 90 cases of ectopic pregnancies admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care teaching hospital from February 2019 to August 2020. Relevant data of the 90 patients was tabulated and descriptive analysis was done.

: Chi square and Fischer exact test

: Majority of the patients belonged to 21-30 yrs age group. Maximum number of cases (57%) had a history of previous abdomino pelvic surgery. The predominant symptom was amenorrhea (96.6%) and classical triad of amenorrhea, bleeding per vagina and abdominal pain was seen in 30% of the study population. Majority of the patients i.e 76.7% underwent surgical intervention.

: Most common age group at presentation is 21-30years. History of previous abdominal surgery being the most important risk factor whereas amenorrhea was the most common symptom. Surgical intervention was the main mode of management in ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
A rare case of intestinal obstruction in pregnancy
Authors: Sharma Karishma , Saxena Somya , Agnihotri Rahul
Published: August 2021

Intestinal obstruction (IO) in pregnancy is rare at 1 in 2500 to 1 in 16709 deliveries with an incidence of 0.001% to 0.003%. Although uncommon, IO in pregnancy carries significant maternal (6%) and fetal (26%) mortality.

A 30-year-old, primigravida, at 33weeks 4 days of gestation presented to the emergency obstetrics department of Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India with a 2-day history of diffuse abdominal pain, distension and obstipation. The decision of emergency caesarean section was taken and a 2.5kg healthy female baby was delivered. Surgical opinion was sought intraoperatively. Segmental resection and anastomosis, adhesiolysis and appendicectomy was done. Patient discharged on 10 post-operative day along with her baby in satisfactory condition.

Diagnosis of SBO can be difficult to make as symptoms are often attributed mistakenly to pregnancy and there can be a reluctance to request plain films owing to the risks of ionising radiation. Both of these factors can lead to a delay in diagnosis and initiating treatment. Clinical suspicion is vital and joint management between surgeons and obstetricians is crucial.

In agreement with previous literature reviews regarding the need for prompt laparotomy in most cases of SBO, we recommend that patients with confirmed adhesional obstruction may be managed conservatively in the first instance but with a low threshold for progressing to laparotomy.
Misplaced IUCD
Authors: Kinker M. P , Kinker Abhilasha
Published: August 2021

The intra uterine device (IUD) is a popular family planning method worldwide. Some of the complications associated with the insertion of an IUD are well described in the literature. The frequency of IUD perforation is estimated to be between 0.05 & 1B per 1000 insertions. There are many reports of migrated intrauterine devices, but for fewer reports of IUDs which have penetrated into the rectum. Among the options available the multi-year cost of the copper T380A. IUD makes it one of the most cost-effective contraceptive options available. According to the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria, an IUCD can be inserted in the 48 hours postpartum, referred to here as Postpartum IUCD (PPIUCD), or after four weeks following a birth. With increased use of intra-uterine devices (IUDs) for contraception, an increase in the number of related problems are reported. A frequent clinical problem is the loss of filament at the external cervical os, the ‘lost tail’. The disappearance of the string or marker heralds potential problems such as retracted or turn off tail, misplacement within the cavity, intra-mural penetration or extra-uterine location.
Accesibilidad e inclusión en transporte: análisis en ciudades latinoamericanas: mapas de viaje: Santo Domingo
Authors: Pedraza Lauramaría , Rodriguez Porcel Manuel , Sandoval Diana
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de proponer políticas públicas y acciones que mejoren la accesibilidad universal en los sistemas de transporte público en Santo Domingo, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo junto con la Consultora Despacio, realizó una metodología encargada de caracterizar la experiencia de viaje en personas con discapacidad, personas con movilidad reducida y cuidadores, a fin de identificar barreras, oportunidades y mejora de accesibilidad en el transporte público. La metodología es cualitativa y consta de los siguientes componentes: i) seguimiento y documentación del viaje, (donde el participante es acompañado por un entrevistador); ii) el desarrollo de una matriz de evaluación durante el viaje, que se divide en tres etapas principales: antes del viaje, durante el viaje y después del viaje; iii) una entrevista de cierre con el participante del viaje; y iv) procesamiento de información y generación del Mapa de Viaje de Cliente. Una vez analizados los datos, es posible determinar el grado de accesibilidad al sistema de transporte, identificar barreras de accesibilidad y proponer mejoras a gobiernos y comunidades.
Research Insights: Are Young Latin American Voters Politically Engaged?
Authors: Scartascini Carlos , Vlaicu Razvan
Published: August 2021

Data on political engagement of newly eligible young voters in 34 countries during 2004-2016 indicate that voting eligibility is associated with higher political engagement, casting doubt on the view that voters are rationally ignorant. Voting eligibility is associated with higher political interest, more discussion of political issues and attendance of political meetings, and more political knowledge. These effects are stronger in countries with enforced mandatory voting. The increase in political engagement is larger closer to the prior election, and it is driven by the engagement of eligible voters, implying that young voters acquire political information in anticipation of elections rather than ex post.
Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 10: Issue 2, August 2021
Authors: Mooney Henry , Rosenblatt David , Ortiz de Mendívil Cloe , Frazier Gralyn , McCaskie Ariel , Gauto Victor , Bollers Elton , Christie Jason , Khadan Jeetendra , Abdul-Haqq Nazera
Published: August 2021

For more than a year, the Caribbean economics team at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has focused on the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for lives and livelihoods across the region. The pandemic is still with us, but there is hope that the cycles of lockdowns and containment measures will eventually come to an end as vaccination programs progress, even if unevenly, across the region. However, the availability of vaccine supply remains a concern, and the pandemic continues to pose a constraint for the recovery of key sectors such as tourism and local services sectors. This edition of the Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin focuses on two topics: (1) forecasts of key macroeconomic variables, based on the April 2021 WEO, and (2) financial sector risks. In general, regional economies are embarking on a fragile path to recovery. Continued progress with vaccination programs, credible medium-term fiscal programs, and continued attention to financial vulnerabilities will be needed to push that path to recovery forward.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 3, no. 4, mayo 1976
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
A way of cognition of legal phenomena in the phenomenology of law of the XX century
Authors: Kozhevnikova Daria
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical and philosophical study of the methodological foundations of the implementation of the phenomenological method in the philosophy of law of the XX century on the example of the legal concepts of A. Reinakh and N.N. Alekseeva developed within the framework of continental tradition. The author defends the thesis about the methodological potential of the phenomenological method, the need to expand the research tools of legal science.
Newer, Longer Acting Local Anesthetics
Authors: Nair Abhijit , Seelam Suresh
Published: August 2021

NONE
Estudo Comparativo de Escolas Públicas Municipais e Estaduais Quanto à Promoção de Saúde
Authors: Tannuri Denis Alves
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta um comparativo de desempenho dos escolares entre duas escolas estaduais e duas escolas municipais no entorno do campus I – Universida Santo Amaro sob jurisdição da Diretoria de Ensino Capela do Socorro, abordando a hipótese de que os alunos atendidos pelo Programa Saúde na Escola, voltado a promoção e educação em saúde, como é esperado o correr nas escolas municipais, tendem a ter um desempenho melhor no processo de formação destes alunos em relação aos não atendidos por este Programa – neste caso, como exemplo, temos as escolas da rede estadual.