bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Support for the Null Hypothesis in Psychology: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Aczel Balazs , Palfi Bence , Szollosi Aba , Kovacs Marton , Szaszi Barnabas , Szecsi Peter , Zrubka Mark , Gronau Quentin F. , van den Bergh Don , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: July 2018

In the traditional statistical framework, nonsignificant results leave researchers in a state of suspended disbelief. In this study, we examined, empirically, the treatment and evidential impact of nonsignificant results. Our specific goals were twofold: to explore how psychologists interpret and communicate nonsignificant results and to assess how much these results constitute evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. First, we examined all nonsignificant findings mentioned in the abstracts of the 2015 volumes of Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, and Psychological Science ( N = 137). In 72% of these cases, nonsignificant results were misinterpreted, in that the authors inferred that the effect was absent. Second, a Bayes factor reanalysis revealed that fewer than 5% of the nonsignificant findings provided strong evidence (i.e., BF01 > 10) in favor of the null hypothesis over the alternative hypothesis. We recommend that researchers expand their statistical tool kit in order to correctly interpret nonsignificant results and to be able to evaluate the evidence for and against the null hypothesis.
Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Bishop Bryan M.
Published: July 2018

Objective: To summarize the available data for using buprenorphine in neonatal abstinence syndrome and discuss these data in context of the current standard of care therapies, oral morphine and oral methadone. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (1949-May 2018) and EMBASE (1980-May 2018). Combinations of the search terms “buprenorphine,” “neonatal,” and “neonatal abstinence syndrome” were used. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All full-length, English-language studies were included in this review. Data Synthesis: A total of 4 studies were included in this review including 1 retrospective cohort study, 2 prospective single-center open-label randomized trials, and 1 prospective single-center, double-blind study. Oral morphine was the comparator in 3 studies, and oral methadone was the comparator in one. Buprenorphine was associated with a significant reduction in duration of treatment in 3 of the 4 studies and was associated with a significant reduction in duration of hospital stay in 3 of the 4 studies. In the randomized, double-blinded trial, buprenorphine had a significantly reduced duration of treatment (15 vs 28 days, P < .001) and duration of hospital stay (21 vs 33 days, P < .001). The requirement of adjunct treatment was similar between groups in all 4 studies, and buprenorphine did not have any significant adverse reactions in comparison with morphine and methadone. Conclusions: Buprenorphine appears to be a safe option for treating neonatal abstinence syndrome that is potentially superior to the current standard of care therapies with respect to duration of treatment and hospital length of stay.
Structure of an extended β3 integrin
Authors: Zhou Dongwen , Thinn Aye Myat Myat , Zhao Yan , Wang Zhengli , Zhu Jieqing
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Conformational extension is essential for integrin to fulfill its cell-adhesion function in platelet-mediated hemostasis and thrombosis. High-resolution structures of β3 integrin in intermediate and extended conformations reveal atomic-level conformational rearrangements.
How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading
Authors: Lorenzetti Silvio , Ostermann Mira , Zeidler Fabian , Zimmer Pia , Jentsch Lina , List Renate , Taylor William R. , Schellenberg Florian
Published: July 2018

Background

Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise experience, and barbell load (0 and 50% body weight, experts only) during squatting.

Methods

Novice (N = 21) and experienced (N = 21) squatters performed 9 different variations of squats (3 stance widths, 3 foot placement angles). A 3D motion capture system (100 Hz) and two force plates (2000 Hz) were used to record mediolateral knee displacement (ΔD*), range of motion (RoM) at the hip and knee joints, and joint moments at the hip, knee, and lower back.

Results

Both stance width and foot placement angles affected the moments at the hip and knee joints in the frontal and sagittal planes. ΔD* varied with stance width, foot placement angles and between the subjects’ level of experience with the squat exercise as follows: increasing foot angle led to an increased foot angle led to an increased ΔD*, while an increased stance width resulted in a decreased ΔD*; novice squatters showed a higher ΔD*, while additional weight triggered a decreased ΔD*.

Conclusions

Suitable stance width and foot placement angles should be chosen according to the targeted joint moments. In order to avoid injury, special care should be taken in extreme positions (narrow stand-42° and wide stance-0°) where large knee and hips joint moments were observed.
Collateral damage of using colistin in hospitalized patients on emergence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization and infection
Authors: Wangchinda W. , Pati N. , Maknakhon N. , Seenama C. , Tiengrim S. , Thamlikitkul V.
Published: July 2018

Background

Colistin has been used for therapy of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections in Thailand, especially carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, for more than 10 years. However, the prevalence of colistin-resistant A. baumannii or P. aeruginosa is still less than 5%. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has been increasingly reported globally over the past few years and the use of colistin in food animals might be associated with an emergence of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to determine the effect of colistin exposure in hospitalized patients who received colistin on development of colistin-resistant (CoR) Escherichia coli (EC) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) colonization and infection.

Methods

A prospective observational study was performed in adult hospitalized patients at Siriraj Hospital who received colistin for treatment of infections during December 2016 and November 2017. The surveillance culture samples were collected from the stool and the site of infection of each patient who received colistin at the study enrollment, days 3 and 7 after the study enrollment, and once a week thereafter for determination of CoR EC and CoR KP. CoR EC and CoR KP were also tested for a presence of mcr-1 gene.

Results

One hundred thirty-nine patients were included. Overall prevalence of CoR EC or CoR KP colonization was 47.5% among 139 subjects. Prevalence of CoR EC or CoR KP colonization was 17.3% of subjects at study enrollment, and 30.2% after study enrollment. Use of fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin was found to be significantly associated with CoR EC or CoR KP colonization. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 13.0% of CoR EC or CoR KP isolates, and in 27.3% of subjects with CoR EC or CoR KP colonization. CoR EC or CoR KP colonization persisted in 65.2% of the subjects at the end of the study. Five patients with CoR KP infections received combination antibiotics and they were alive at hospital discharge.

Conclusions

Prevalence of CoR EC or CoR KP colonization in hospitalized patients receiving colistin was high and it was associated with the use of colistin. Therefore, patients who receive colistin are at risk of developing CoR EC or CoR KP colonization and infection.
Public mental health: key challenges and opportunities
Authors: Campion Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Public mental health involves a population approach to mental health, and includes treatment of mental disorder, prevention of associated impacts, prevention of mental disorder and promotion of mental well-being, including for those people recovering from mental disorder. Such interventions can result in a broad range of impacts and associated economic savings even in the short term. However, even in high-income countries only a minority of people with mental disorder receive any treatment, while provision is far less in low- and middle-income countries. Coverage of interventions to prevent mental disorder and promote mental well-being is far less even in high-income countries, despite such interventions being required for sustainable reduction in the burden of mental disorder. This implementation gap results in a broad set of impacts and associated economic costs. Mental health needs assessments represent an important framework and mechanism to address this implementation gap – in low- and middle-income as well as high-income countries. Training and support to perform mental health needs assessments is important, as is the use of information derived from such assessments to more effectively advocate for the required level of resources to address the implementation gap. Such a public health approach to mental health represents an opportunity for psychiatrists to advocate more effectively for resources at both the local and national level. This can improve the coverage and outcomes of a range of public mental health interventions that result in broad impacts and associated economic savings, which can be estimated.
The Association of Thyroid Function With Bone Density During Childhood
Authors: Veldscholte Karlien , Barjaktarovic Mirjana , Trajanoska Katerina , Jaddoe Vincent W V , Visser Theo J , de Rijke Yolanda B , Peeters Robin P , Rivadeneira Fernando , Korevaar Tim I M
Published: July 2018

Context

Although the skeleton is a well-known thyroid hormone target organ, very little data are available on the association of thyroid function with bone outcomes during childhood.

Objective

To study the association of thyroid function with bone mass during childhood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Population-based prospective cohort including 4204 children with TSH and free T4 (FT4) measured at the age of 6 years.

Main Outcome Measures

Bone density was assessed by a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan at the median age of 6 years (95% range, 5.6 to 7.9) and at the age of 10 years (95% range, 9.0 to 10.9) in 4204 and 3404 participants, respectively.

Results

There was an inverse association of TSH with bone mineral density (BMD) at the age of 6 (β −0.028 ± 0.011, P = 0.009) and with follow-up measurements at the age of 10 (β −0.027 ± 0.011, P = 0.014), but not with bone mineral content (BMC) at the age of 6 (β −0.028 ± 0.015, P = 0.06) or for follow-up measurements of BMC at the age of 10 (β −0.011 ± 0.015, P = 0.47). There was an inverse association of FT4 with BMD (β −0.016 ± 0.006, P = 0.014) and BMC (β −0.023 ± 0.009, P = 0.009) cross-sectionally, and also at the age of 10 years (BMD: β −0.018 ± 0.007, P = 0.007; BMC: β −0.021 ± 0.009, P = 0.020).

Conclusion

A higher FT4 concentration is associated with lower bone mass at the age of 6 and at the age of 10 years. These data provide insights into the effects of thyroid function on bone physiology during childhood.
Differences in Upper and Lower Body Adipose Tissue Oxygen Tension Contribute to the Adipose Tissue Phenotype in Humans
Authors: Vogel Max A A , Jocken Johan W E , Sell Henrike , Hoebers Nicole , Essers Yvonne , Rouschop Kasper M A , Čajlaković Merima , Blaak Ellen E , Goossens Gijs H
Published: July 2018

Context and Objectives

Upper and lower body adipose tissue (AT) exhibits opposing associations with obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies have suggested that altered AT oxygen tension (pO2) may contribute to AT dysfunction. Here, we compared in vivo abdominal (ABD) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous AT pO2 in women who are overweight and have obesity, and investigated the effects of physiological AT pO2 on human adipocyte function.

Design

ABD and FEM subcutaneous AT pO2 and AT blood flow (ATBF) were assessed in eight [BMI (body mass index) 34.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2] postmenopausal women who were overweight with obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. ABD and FEM AT biopsy specimens were collected to determine adipocyte morphology and AT gene expression. Moreover, the effects of prolonged exposure (14 days) to physiological AT pO2 on adipokine expression/secretion, mitochondrial respiration, and glucose uptake were investigated in differentiated human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells.

Results

AT pO2 was higher in ABD than FEM AT (62.7 ± 6.6 vs 50.0 ± 4.5 mm Hg, P = 0.013), whereas ATBF was comparable between depots. Maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption rates were substantially lower in ABD than FEM adipocytes for all pO2 conditions. Low physiological pO2 (5% O2) decreased proinflammatory gene expression, increased basal glucose uptake, and altered adipokine secretion in ABD and FEM adipocytes.

Conclusions

We demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that AT pO2 is higher in ABD than FEM subcutaneous AT in women who are overweight/with obesity, partly due to a lower oxygen consumption rate in ABD adipocytes. Moreover, low physiological pO2 decreased proinflammatory gene expression and improved the metabolic phenotype in differentiated human adipocytes, whereas more heterogeneous effects on adipokine secretion were found.
Combination GLP-1 and Insulin Treatment Fails to Alter Myocardial Fuel Selection vs. Insulin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mather Kieren J , Considine Robert V , Hamilton LaTonya , Patel Niral A , Mathias Carla , Territo Wendy , Goodwill Adam G , Tune Johnathan D , Green Mark A , Hutchins Gary D
Published: July 2018

Context

It is unclear if effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and clinically available GLP-1 agonists on the heart occur at clinical doses in humans, possibly contributing to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.

Objective

To determine whether liraglutide, at clinical dosing, augments myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) alone or combined with insulin compared with insulin alone in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Design

In a randomized clinical trial of patients with T2D treated with metformin plus oral agents or basal insulin, myocardial fuel use was compared after 3 months of treatment with insulin detemir, liraglutide, or combination detemir plus liraglutide added to background metformin.

Main Outcome Measures

Myocardial blood flow (MBF), fuel selection, and rates of fuel use were evaluated using positron emission tomography, powered to demonstrate large effects.

Results

MBF was greater in the insulin-treated groups [median (25th, 75th percentile): detemir, 0.64 mL/g/min (0.50, 0.69); liraglutide, 0.52 mL/g/min (0.46, 0.58); detemir plus liraglutide, 0.75 mL/g/min (0.55, 0.77); P = 0.035 comparing three groups, P = 0.01 comparing detemir groups to liraglutide alone]. There were no evident differences among groups in MGU [detemir, 0.040 µmol/g/min (0.013, 0.049); liraglutide, 0.055 µmol/g/min (0.019, 0.105); detemir plus liraglutide, 0.037 µmol/g/min (0.009, 0.046); P = 0.68 comparing three groups]. There were no treatment-group differences in measures of myocardial fatty acid uptake or handling, and no differences in total oxidation rate.

Conclusion

These observations argue against large effects of GLP-1 agonists on myocardial fuel metabolism as mediators of beneficial treatment effects on myocardial function and ischemia protection.
Dissecting recipient from donor contribution in experimental kidney transplantation: focus on endothelial proliferation and inflammation
Authors: Papazova Diana A. , Krebber Merle M. , Oosterhuis Nynke R. , Gremmels Hendrik , van Zuilen Arjan D. , Joles Jaap A. , Verhaar Marianne C.
Published: July 2018

Kidney transplantation (Tx) is considered the only definite treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. The increasing prevalence of ESKD has necessitated the introduction of transplantation with kidneys from suboptimal donors. There is, however, still a lack of fundamental and longitudinal research on suboptimal kidney transplants. Specifically, there is a demand for accurate pre-Tx predictors of donor kidney function and injury to predict post-Tx outcome. In the present study, we combine rat models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal Tx to dissect the effects of healthy and CKD renal grafts on healthy and CKD recipients. We show that renal function at 6 weeks post-Tx is exclusively determined by donor graft quality. Using cell tracking within enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive (eGFP+) recipients, we furthermore show that most inflammatory cells within the donor kidney originate from the donor. Oxidative and vascular extra-renal damage were, in contrast, determined by the recipient. Post- versus pre-Tx evaluation of grafts showed an increase in glomerular and peritubular capillary rarefaction in healthy but not CKD grafts within a CKD environment. Proliferation of glomerular endothelium was similar in all groups, and influx of eGFP+ recipient-derived cells occurred irrespective of graft or recipient status. Glomerular and peritubular capillary rarefaction, severity of inflammation and macrophage subtype data post-Tx were, however, determined by more complicated effects, warranting further study. Our experimental model could help to further distinguish graft from recipient environment effects, leading to new strategies to improve graft survival of suboptimal Tx kidneys.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Acromioclavicular joint injuries: diagnosis, classification and ligamentoplasty procedures
Authors: Sirin Evrim , Aydin Nuri , Mert Topkar Osman
Published: July 2018

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is a frequent diagnosis after an acute shoulder trauma – often found among athletes and people involved in contact sports. This injury occurs ﬁve times more frequently in men than in women, with the highest incidence in the 20- to 30-year-old age group. Patients usually complain of pain and tenderness over the shoulder, particularly over the AC joint. Depending on the degree of injury, the clavicle may become prominent on the injured site. The original classification was described by Rockwood and Green according to the injured ligament complex and degree and direction of clavicular displacement. Many surgical procedures have been described; among these are screws, plates, muscle transfer, ligamentoplasty procedures and ligament reconstruction using either autograft or allografts. With the advancement of shoulder arthroscopy, surgeons are much more capable of performing mini-open or arthroscopically-assisted procedures, allowing patients an earlier return to their daily living activities. However, the results of conventional open techniques are still comparable. The introduction of new arthroscopic equipment provides a great variety of surgical procedures, though every new technique has its own advantages and pitfalls. Currently there is no gold standard for the surgical treatment of any type of AC injury, though it should be remembered that whenever an arthroscopic technique is chosen, the surgeon’s expertise is likely to be the most significant factor affecting outcome.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:426-433. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170027
Gestión de los cuidados
Authors: Maciá Soler Loreto
Published: July 2018

Gestión de los cuidados
Valoración cualitativa de cuidado en jóvenes mexicanos con riesgo de VIH/sida
Authors: Hernandez Torres José Luis , Benavides Torres Raquel Alicia , Onofre Rodríguez Dora Julia , Jimenez Vázquez Vicente
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar las necesidades de cuidado en jóvenes ante el riesgo del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) para adaptar la Intervención Basada en la Evidencia titulada Respeto M-Salud en usuarios de una Organización no Gubernamental (ONG) dedicada a la detección del VIH mediante la prueba rápida.Material y métodos: Se condujo un estudio con enfoque cualitativo, con uso de la teoría fundamentada como marco metodológico, las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron notas de campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas, el nivel máximo de análisis fue hasta la codificación abierta, como criterios de rigor en este estudio se utilizó la triangulación y transferencia.Resultados: fueron categorizados en tiempo de intervención, uso de dispositivos móviles, contenido en la intervención, factores de influencia para el uso de condón y uso correcto del condón.Conclusión: La identificación de necesidades en jóvenes con riesgo de VIH es una estrategia imprescindible para adaptar contenidos contextualmente en el uso de las IBE para la prevención del VIH.
DINOCHLOA MALAYANA S.DRANSF. (POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR INDONESIA
Authors: Damayanto I Putu Gede Parlida
Published: July 2018

DAMAYANTO, I P. G. P. 2018. Dinochloa malayana S.Dransf. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new record for Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(1): 35-37. - Dinochloa malayana was previously only known from Peninsular Malaysia and Southern Thailand. However, recently, this bamboo was also found at Karimun Anak Island and Batam Island,Indonesia. A description, notes and photographs of this species are presented. An identification key to Sumatran Dinochloa is also provided.
BAMBOO RESOURCES, CULTURAL VALUES, AND EX-SITU CONSERVATION IN BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Sujarwo Wawan
Published: July 2018

SUJARWO, W. 2018. Bamboo resources, cultural values, and ex-situ conservation in Bali, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17 (1): 67–75. — This present study describes the diversity of bamboo resources, based on Bali Botanic Garden’s bamboo collections, and its unusual uses, including complementary information on floristic region, and ex-situ conservation of bamboo resources on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Bamboo resources have played an important role in the economics and culture of rural communities in Bali. Bali Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), started to introduce bamboo species in 1982 and established the ex-situ conservation compartment (2 ha) of bamboo in the same year. Up to now, 52 species in 11 genera collected from mostly the Malesian region (67.44%) and the Eastern Asiatic region (20.93%) have been planted in the bamboo compartment, of which 5.77% bamboo species are woody climbers.
Antropolingwistyka dzisiaj: wyniki i perspektywy
Authors: Zaniewski Jan , Griniev-Griniewicz Sergiusz , Nizhneva Natallia
Published: July 2018

Antropolingwistyka dzisiaj: wyniki i perspektywy
Educação Superior no Brasil: discussões e reflexões
Authors: Moreira Larici Keli Rocha , Moreira Laine Rocha , Soares Marta Genú
Published: July 2018

Este artigo trata de uma revisão teórica que reflete os aspectos gerais que norteiam a educação superior no Brasil desde o processo de criação das universidades, as quais teve sua implantação legitimada pelo poder público em 1920. O estudo objetiva analisar as políticas públicas de acesso e democratização da educação superior no país. Para tanto, discute as principais políticas educacionais e o cenário atual vivido pela universidade. Debate como problemática de estudo, as questões relacionadas à concepção, funções e autonomia da universidade, que apesar de garantida em lei, tem enfrentado dificuldades para se efetivar na prática. Considera dispositivos legais que tratam da temática e pauta suas discussões baseadas em autores como Fávero (1999, 2006), Zoccoli (2009), Dourado (2008), Catani e Oliveira (2007). Conclui-se que a educação superior no Brasil tem seu reconhecimento pela legalidade da universidade, efetivação e consolidação, por meio da legislação e políticas educacionais. A expansão das universidades particulares e a isenção fiscal para investidores no setor aconteceram nos anos 80, a ação de organismos internacionais no país foi intensificada nos anos 90 e a década de 2000 é marcada por políticas de caráter transformador, porém com retrocessos provocados pela conjuntura política do Estado.
Nineteenth Century Navies Role in Developing an understanding of the Pacific Coast of Central America
Authors: León Sáenz Jorge
Published: July 2018

Navies, apart from their traditional use by nations as instruments for the projection of power, for the protection of maritime interests and for exercising peacekeeping and war activities, have also had an important role in developing scientific and technical knowledge.  The survey work undertaken by various navies since the 18th century, has in particular been of great benefit in improving and making navigation safer on high seas and coasts, through the provision of maritime charts and sailing directions, to all mariners.  The technical efforts and geopolitical interests behind those efforts in the 19th century and how they affected the maritime trade and foreign affairs of the Central American countries located on the Pacific Coast are the subject of this study.
Simultaneous quantitation of 13 active components in SimiaoYong'an decoction using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection
Authors: Zheng Liang , Wang Mengyue , Chen Zhong , Hou Jincai , Li Xiaobo
Published: July 2018

SimiaoYong'an decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of four herbs, has been widely used for the treatment of gangrene disease. However, its clinical application is restricted due to the lack of an effective quality control method that covers the main active compounds in the formula. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD) method was established for the simultaneous determination of 13 active compounds including harpagide, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, angoroside C, harpagoside, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, and ligustilide. Separation of these compounds was achieved using a Kromasil 100-5-C18 column with a gradient elution program consisting of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution. The specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy tests were implemented to validate the method. The validated method was successfully applied for determination of 13 components from several finished batches of SimiaoYong'an decoction. The results demonstrated that the established method was accurate, reliable, and could be used as a suitable quality control method for the quantification of SimiaoYong'an decoction.
Analisis Kinerja VHF-A/G TOWER/ADC dengan VHF-A/G APP di Bandar Udara Husein Sastranegara Bandung
Authors: Asri Adisty Hanny , Lidyawati Lita
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini menjelaskan kinerja komunikasi penerbangan dari perangkat VHF-A/G antara ADC/TOWER (Aerodrome Control) maupun APP (Approach Control Center) dengan pilot di pesawat. Jika terjadi kesalahan dalam pengaturan wilayah pada kedua ruang lingkup udara tersebut, tidak dapat terjadi komunikasi yang diharapkan, pilot dapat kehilangan arah dalam menentukan tujuan. ATC(Air Traffic Control) memandu seluruh kegiatan penerbangan dengan pilot di pesawat dengan bantuan navigator. VHF A/G memiliki batas frekuensi 118-137 MHz, daya yang dipancarkan antara 25 Watt sampai dengan 50 Watt dengan ketinggian 0 – 20000 ft dan jarak jangkauan 0 – 87 Nm. Penggunaan perangkat VHF-A/G untuk melakukan komunikasi dengan baik antara pilot di pesawat dengan ATC diukur dengan indikator level, yang menunjukkan kondisi perangkat VHF-A/G dibagian pengirim dan penerima. Pesawat dengan level readability (keterbacaan) terbaik yaitu 4 dan 5 diantaranya; Citylink Air 888, Garuda, Air Asia, Lion Air 911 dan 903, Auri (Militer), Express Air, Red Cap Air dan Wings Air.
Wavelength Shift Measurement Method Without Use of Spectrometer: The New Way for Environment Photonic Sensors
Authors: Hoi Pham Van , Van Nguyen Thuy , Dai Pham Van , Thang Le Huu , An Nguyen Van , Binh Pham Thanh
Published: July 2018

The photonic sensors have shown very effectively for measuring the toxic contents in the liquid and air environments. In principle, the photonic sensors based on measurement of wavelength shift between reference condition and testing environments that we need use the spectrometer with high cost. In this paper, we present new configurations of photonic devices for measuring wavelength shift without use of spectrometer, which has a large potential for application in sensing technique with low cost. There are two configurations of photonic sensors are presented: i) first of them is based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) combined with DFB laser diode with controlling wavelength emission by laser temperature and ii) second one is used  the fiber ring laser from Erbium-doped fiber and two FBG operated as  reference and sensing probe. The etched-fiber Bragg grating (e-FBG) as sensing probe is suitable for bio- and/ or chemical sensors. A novel photonic sensor can increase sensitivity and measuring accuracy of device by the narrow line-width of reflection spectra from laser and the sensor can determine a refractive index variation of 2x10-4, which is similarly for high resolution spectrometer. The experimental results show that this sensing method could determine different mixing ratios of organic solvents in liquid environment with good repeatability, high accuracy and rapid response.Keywords:
Coherent Diffractive Imaging Using Table-top High Harmonic Generation
Authors: Dinh Khuong Ba , Tran Khoa Anh , Hannaford Peter , Dao Lap Van
Published: July 2018

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a lensless microscopy technique in which the structure of a specimen of interest is probed using a coherent short-wavelength light source. CDI has been widely used in nanotechnology and structural biology to capture high resolution images of non-crystalline objects. In this paper, we review the theoretical and experimental aspects of coherent diffractive imaging using a focused narrow-bandwidth table-top high harmonic source. The review begins with an outline of generation and characterization of the high harmonic source. Theoretical description of coherent diffractive imaging technique is then summarized. The review concludes with our recent results in imaging using a single harmonic beam selected by employing XUV focusing mirrors. These achievements provide a promising technique for the non-crystallographic structural determination of membrane proteins using a table-top extreme ultraviolet source.
THE ROLE OF PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Lavrova Mariia A. , Lvova Olga A. , Tokarskaia Liudmila V. , Lazauskene Zoia S.
Published: July 2018

The findings of investigations published between 2000 and 2016 on the study of parental interaction with children with a risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. The article demonstrates that early parent-child interaction in such families has distinctive features and can be one of the significant factors of both the risk of ASD development in children at an early age and the compensation of their manifestations. At the same time, such characteristics of the parent-child interaction as maternal sensitivity (the ability to perceive and accurately interpret the child's attachment signals and be able to respond promptly and adequately to these signals) and synchronism (the coordination of movements, actions and other time-dependent indicators; joint attention) are not early markers of ASD development in a child. The authors noted that the issues of parent-child interaction are rarely studied, and the survey samples are limited.
CONSISTENCY IN ASSESSING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ACCORDING TO REGIONAL AND SPECIALIZED CENTILE SCALES: A POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUD
Authors: Kovtun Olga P. , Plaksina Anna N. , Dugina Elena A.
Published: July 2018

Background.Children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) often have a physical developmental delay due to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The assessment of such abnormalities using different centile scales may lead to inconsistent results.

Objective.Our aim was to study the consistency in assessing physical development of children with ICP using regional and specialized centile scales.

Methods.The assessment of physical development with determination of the proportion of patients with PEM (weight-age and/or heightage values < 10th percentile) was carried out using regional centile scales and the Life Expectancy Project scales taking into account motor disorder levels (I–V) according to GMFCS. The assessment of motor disorders was performed by neurologists of healthcare organizations in 54 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk Region. The accounting period was from September 2016 to January 2017.

Results.According to regional centile scales, PEM was identified in 272 (35.7%) children; according to the Life Expectancy Project scales — in 56 (7.4%) out of 761 children with ICP (McNemar's criterion, p < 0.001). Using regional scales the following results were registered: children with GMFCS I had PEM 5 times less than children with GMFCS V — 10 (12.5%) and 107 (66%) cases, respectively (ꭓ2criterion, p < 0.001). When assessing physical development of children with specialized scales, PEM occurred in 4 (5%) patients with GMFCS I and 18 (11.1%) with GMFCS V (p < 0.001).

Conclusion.Specialized scales for assessing physical development less often indicate the presence of PEM in children with ICP. When using regional and to a much lesser extent specialized centile scales, the detection rate for PEM cases depends on the level of motor disorders.
Reptile diversity of Sinos River Basin
Authors: Moser Camila Fernanda , Avila Fernanda Rodrigues de , Oliveira Roberto Baptista de , Oliveira Juliano Morales de , Borges-Martins Márcio , Tozetti Alexandro Marques
Published: July 2018

Abstract This work aimed to catalog the species of reptiles of the Sinos River Basin based on records from scientific collections and data collected in the field. We recorded 65 species, including 46 snakes, nine lizards, five turtles, four amphisbaenians and one caiman. Snakes composed most of the recorded specimens (91.3%), and the three most representative are venomous and of medical importance. The most urban region of the basin (Lowland) has the highest number of records. This fact may be a reflection of the high human population density in this region, which would have favored the encounter of specimens and their sending to scientific collections and research centers. It is worth highlighting that most species with few specimens in the collections are also rarely observed in the wild, such as Clelia hussani and Urostrophus vautieri. This observation makes it feasible that these populations are small or that they are declining.
A Bilinear Programming Approach for Multiagent Planning
Authors: Petrik M. , Zilberstein S.
Published: July 2018

Multiagent planning and coordination problems are common and known to be computationally hard. We show that a wide range of two-agent problems can be formulated as bilinear programs. We present a successive approximation algorithm that significantly outperforms the coverage set algorithm, which is the state-of-the-art method for this class of multiagent problems. Because the algorithm is formulated for bilinear programs, it is more general and simpler to implement. The new algorithm can be terminated at any time and-unlike the coverage set algorithm-it facilitates the derivation of a useful online performance bound. It is also much more efficient, on average reducing the computation time of the optimal solution by about four orders of magnitude. Finally, we introduce an automatic dimensionality reduction method that improves the effectiveness of the algorithm, extending its applicability to new domains and providing a new way to analyze a subclass of bilinear programs.
Prime Implicates and Prime Implicants: From Propositional to Modal Logic
Authors: Bienvenu M.
Published: July 2018

Prime implicates and prime implicants have proven relevant to a number of areas of artificial intelligence, most notably abductive reasoning and knowledge compilation. The purpose of this paper is to examine how these notions might be appropriately extended from propositional logic to the modal logic K. We begin the paper by considering a number of potential definitions of clauses and terms for K. The different definitions are evaluated with respect to a set of syntactic, semantic, and complexity-theoretic properties characteristic of the propositional definition. We then compare the definitions with respect to the properties of the notions of prime implicates and prime implicants that they induce. While there is no definition that perfectly generalizes the propositional notions, we show that there does exist one definition which satisfies many of the desirable properties of the propositional case. In the second half of the paper, we consider the computational properties of the selected definition. To this end, we provide sound and complete algorithms for generating and recognizing prime implicates, and we show the prime implicate recognition task to be PSPACE-complete. We also prove upper and lower bounds on the size and number of prime implicates. While the paper focuses on the logic K, all of our results hold equally well for multi-modal K and for concept expressions in the description logic ALC.
Modularity Aspects of Disjunctive Stable Models
Authors: Janhunen T. , Oikarinen E. , Tompits H. , Woltran S.
Published: July 2018

Practically all programming languages allow the programmer to split a program into several modules which brings along several advantages in software development. In this paper, we are interested in the area of answer-set programming where fully declarative and nonmonotonic languages are applied. In this context, obtaining a modular structure for programs is by no means straightforward since the output of an entire program cannot in general be composed from the output of its components. To better understand the effects of disjunctive information on modularity we restrict the scope of analysis to the case of disjunctive logic programs (DLPs) subject to stable-model semantics. We define the notion of a DLP-function, where a well-defined input/output interface is provided, and establish a novel module theorem which indicates the compositionality of stable-model semantics for DLP-functions. The module theorem extends the well-known splitting-set theorem and enables the decomposition of DLP-functions given their strongly connected components based on positive dependencies induced by rules. In this setting, it is also possible to split shared disjunctive rules among components using a generalized shifting technique. The concept of modular equivalence is introduced for the mutual comparison of DLP-functions using a generalization of a translation-based verification method.
The DL-Lite Family and Relations
Authors: Artale A. , Calvanese D. , Kontchakov R. , Zakharyaschev M.
Published: July 2018

The recently introduced series of description logics under the common moniker `DL-Lite' has attracted attention of the description logic and semantic web communities due to the low computational complexity of inference, on the one hand, and the ability to represent conceptual modeling formalisms, on the other. The main aim of this article is to carry out a thorough and systematic investigation of inference in extensions of the original DL-Lite logics along five axes: by (i) adding the Boolean connectives and (ii) number restrictions to concept constructs, (iii) allowing role hierarchies, (iv) allowing role disjointness, symmetry, asymmetry, reflexivity, irreflexivity and transitivity constraints, and (v) adopting or dropping the unique same assumption. We analyze the combined complexity of satisfiability for the resulting logics, as well as the data complexity of instance checking and answering positive existential queries. Our approach is based on embedding DL-Lite logics in suitable fragments of the one-variable first-order logic, which provides useful insights into their properties and, in particular, computational behavior.
ParamILS: An Automatic Algorithm Configuration Framework
Authors: Hutter F. , Hoos H. H. , Leyton-Brown K. , Stuetzle T.
Published: July 2018

The identification of performance-optimizing parameter settings is an important part of the development and application of algorithms. We describe an automatic framework for this algorithm configuration problem. More formally, we provide methods for optimizing a target algorithms performance on a given class of problem instances by varying a set of ordinal and/or categorical parameters. We review a family of local-search-based algorithm configuration procedures and present novel techniques for accelerating them by adaptively limiting the time spent for evaluating individual configurations. We describe the results of a comprehensive experimental evaluation of our methods, based on the configuration of prominent complete and incomplete algorithms for SAT. We also present what is, to our knowledge, the first published work on automatically configuring the CPLEX mixed integer programming solver. All the algorithms we considered had default parameter settings that were manually identified with considerable effort. Nevertheless, using our automated algorithm configuration procedures, we achieved substantial and consistent performance improvements.
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Roles
Authors: Pado S. , Lapata M.
Published: July 2018

This article considers the task of automatically inducing role-semantic annotations in the FrameNet paradigm for new languages. We propose a general framework that is based on annotation projection, phrased as a graph optimization problem. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce the human effort involved in creating role-semantic resources. Within this framework, we present projection models that exploit lexical and syntactic information. We provide an experimental evaluation on an English-German parallel corpus which demonstrates the feasibility of inducing high-precision German semantic role annotation both for manually and automatically annotated English data.
From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics
Authors: Turney P. D. , Pantel P.
Published: July 2018

Computers understand very little of the meaning of human language. This profoundly limits our ability to give instructions to computers, the ability of computers to explain their actions to us, and the ability of computers to analyse and process text. Vector space models (VSMs) of semantics are beginning to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of VSMs, based on term-document, word-context, and pair-pattern matrices, yielding three classes of applications. We survey a broad range of applications in these three categories and we take a detailed look at a specific open source project in each category. Our goal in this survey is to show the breadth of applications of VSMs for semantics, to provide a new perspective on VSMs for those who are already familiar with the area, and to provide pointers into the literature for those who are less familiar with the field.
Narrative Planning: Balancing Plot and Character
Authors: Riedl M. O. , Young R. M.
Published: July 2018

Narrative, and in particular storytelling, is an important part of the human experience. Consequently, computational systems that can reason about narrative can be more effective communicators, entertainers, educators, and trainers. One of the central challenges in computational narrative reasoning is narrative generation, the automated creation of meaningful event sequences. There are many factors -- logical and aesthetic -- that contribute to the success of a narrative artifact. Central to this success is its understandability. We argue that the following two attributes of narratives are universal: (a) the logical causal progression of plot, and (b) character believability. Character believability is the perception by the audience that the actions performed by characters do not negatively impact the audience's suspension of disbelief. Specifically, characters must be perceived by the audience to be intentional agents. In this article, we explore the use of refinement search as a technique for solving the narrative generation problem -- to find a sound and believable sequence of character actions that transforms an initial world state into a world state in which goal propositions hold. We describe a novel refinement search planning algorithm -- the Intent-based Partial Order Causal Link (IPOCL) planner -- that, in addition to creating causally sound plot progression, reasons about character intentionality by identifying possible character goals that explain their actions and creating plan structures that explain why those characters commit to their goals. We present the results of an empirical evaluation that demonstrates that narrative plans generated by the IPOCL algorithm support audience comprehension of character intentions better than plans generated by conventional partial-order planners.
Resource-Driven Mission-Phasing Techniques for Constrained Agents in Stochastic Environments
Authors: Wu J. , Durfee E. H.
Published: July 2018

Because an agent's resources dictate what actions it can possibly take, it should plan which resources it holds over time carefully, considering its inherent limitations (such as power or payload restrictions), the competing needs of other agents for the same resources, and the stochastic nature of the environment. Such agents can, in general, achieve more of their objectives if they can use --- and even create --- opportunities to change which resources they hold at various times. Driven by resource constraints, the agents could break their overall missions into an optimal series of phases, optimally reconfiguring their resources at each phase, and optimally using their assigned resources in each phase, given their knowledge of the stochastic environment.

In this paper, we formally define and analyze this constrained, sequential optimization problem in both the single-agent and multi-agent contexts. We present a family of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations of this problem that can optimally create phases (when phases are not predefined) accounting for costs and limitations in phase creation. Because our formulations multaneously also find the optimal allocations of resources at each phase and the optimal policies for using the allocated resources at each phase, they exploit structure across these coupled problems. This allows them to find solutions significantly faster(orders of magnitude faster in larger problems) than alternative solution techniques, as we demonstrate empirically.
Nominals, Inverses, Counting, and Conjunctive Queries or: Why Infinity is your Friend!
Authors: Rudolph S. , Glimm B.
Published: July 2018

Description Logics are knowledge representation formalisms that provide, for example, the logical underpinning of the W3C OWL standards. Conjunctive queries, the standard query language in databases, have recently gained significant attention as an expressive formalism for querying Description Logic knowledge bases. Several different techniques for deciding conjunctive query entailment are available for a wide range of DLs. Nevertheless, the combination of nominals, inverse roles, and number restrictions in OWL 1 and OWL 2 DL causes unsolvable problems for the techniques hitherto available. We tackle this problem and present a decidability result for entailment of unions of conjunctive queries in the DL ALCHOIQb that contains all three problematic constructors simultaneously. Provided that queries contain only simple roles, our result also shows decidability of entailment of (unions of) conjunctive queries in the logic that underpins OWL 1 DL and we believe that the presented results will pave the way for further progress towards conjunctive query entailment decision procedures for the Description Logics underlying the OWL standards.