bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le gaz comme élément de réorientation des alliances géopolitiques en Méditerranée orientale
Authors: Amsellem David
Published: May 2013

En février 2012, Israël et Chypre signent un accord de coopération militaire qui permet aux chasseurs israéliens d’utiliser une base aérienne du sud de l’île pour se poser ; quelques semaines plus tard, les pilotes israéliens et grecs s’entraînent ensemble au-dessus de la Méditerranée. Les relations diplomatiques entre Israël, Chypre et la Grèce n’étaient pourtant pas concevables il y a quelques années, car Nicosie et Athènes se méfiaient de Jérusalem, l’allié d’Ankara, leur ennemi historique. La dégradation des relations israélo-turques en 2010 permet donc un premier rapprochement, mais un élément inattendu va accélérer les choses : à l’été 2010, d’énormes quantités de gaz naturel sont découvertes en Méditerranée orientale, à plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres des côtes israéliennes. Les perspectives économiques vont servir de levier aux relations diplomatiques israélo-chypriotes, puis israélo-grecques. Mais pour l’État hébreu il y a un autre enjeu : sortir de l’isolement diplomatique auquel le destinent la Turquie et l’Égypte.
Polarisations d'une société en mutation culturelle
Authors: Seni Nora
Published: May 2013

La Turquie change-t-elle de camp, quitte-t-elle le monde occidental pour l’univers arabo-islamique ? Pour répondre à cette question cet article choisit d’évaluer la propension de la société turque à laisser survenir de tels changements. Le fossé profond qui s’est creusé entre islamo-conservateurs et séculiers est-il voué à se combler ou à s’approfondir ? L’examen des modes de vie à Istanbul et des politiques culturelles fournit des éléments de réponse. Après avoir passé en revue les mimétismes et la relative homogénéisation dans les modes d’habiter et de consommer, l’article étudiera le rôle actif du gouvernement AKP et du Premier ministre Recep Tayyip Erdogan dans la polarisation de ces deux camps.
Où va l'économie turque ? Trois scénarios à long terme et leurs répercussions sur les politiques menées
Authors: Çağlar Esen
Published: May 2013

Qu’adviendra-t-il de l’économie turque dans le futur, en 2023 par exemple ? Pour répondre à cette question il faut commencer par analyser les performances de l’économie turque dans la durée. S’étant engagée dans un spectaculaire processus de transformation depuis la crise de 2001, la Turquie, durant ces quatre dernières années, a atteint une croissance impressionnante, voisine des 7 % sur quinze trimestres consécutifs. Pour rejoindre les dix premières puissances économiques, la Turquie doit relever plusieurs défis économiques. Ces défis définissent à eux seuls les nouveaux paramètres avec lesquels doit être envisagé le futur du pays, puisque les performances à venir sont liées à la façon dont la Turquie pourra relever ces défis, avec plus ou moins de succès. Trois scénarios – optimiste, probable et pessimiste – concluent cet article, chacun d’eux incluant une combinaison de ces paramètres qui sont à la fois endogènes et exogènes.
Une Constitution, mais pour qui ? Le processus d'établissement d'une Constitution en Turquie et les objectifs contradictoires des partis politiques
Authors: Turmen Riza
Published: May 2013

Il y a depuis de nombreuses années en Turquie une demande citoyenne pour une nouvelle Constitution, celle de 1982 étant le fruit du coup d’État du 12 septembre 1980 et reflétant la mentalité du régime militaire. Après les élections de juin 2011, les quatre partis représentés au Parlement ont décidé de mettre en place un Comité de conciliation afin de rédiger la nouvelle Constitution – comité composé de trois représentants de chaque parti politique, quelle que soit leur représentation au Parlement. La société civile a largement participé au débat mais, in fine, c’est le Comité qui la rédige ; cependant, quel sera l’effet de la participation de la société civile sur la rédaction ? La question est importante car la société turque et sa politique sont profondément divisées entre Turcs séculiers et urbanisés et Turcs islamistes et conservateurs, et des différences irréconciliables entre les quatre partis peuvent conduire à l’échec, sauf si la société civile les oblige au compromis. Mais, au vu du glissement actuel vers un régime autoritaire, il n’y a aucune raison de croire que l’AKP recherche l’établissement d’une Turquie plus démocratique à travers l’établissement d’une nouvelle Constitution.
Moving Out of One’s Comfort Zone: Developing and Teaching an Interprofessional Research Course
Authors: Berman Rosemarie O.
Published: May 2013

Teamwork and interprofessional collaboration have long been identified as core competencies for achieving quality, safe, patient-centered care. The shared learning environment of an interprofessional course is one method for developing the foundation for a collaborative practice-ready work force. Developing and teaching a course for students in a variety of health professions can be challenging as faculty move beyond the comfort level of their discipline. This article describes the development of an interprofessional research course to meet the needs of different health disciplines with specific teaching strategies to develop core competencies for interprofessional collaboration and practice.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(7):303–308.
Major components in oils obtained from Amazonian palm fruits
Authors: Santos M. F. G. , Marmesat S. , Brito E. S. , Alves R. E. , Dobarganes M. C.
Published: May 2013

Native palm trees belong to the Arecaceae family and are among the most useful plant resources in the Amazons. Despite its great diversity and various uses, few species have been study in detail, which makes it necessary to perform more comprehensive studies on the quality and composition of species not yet explored.
This study deals with the characterization of the major compounds in the oils obtained from the mesocarp of fruits of the main palm species from the State of Amapá, Brasil, i.e. bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), inajá (Maximiliana maripa), pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) and tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare). Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents were analyzed by HPLC and GC. The proximate composition of the fruits was also analyzed.
The results relating to acidity, peroxide value and polar compounds indicate good quality of the oils obtained. Oleic acid ranging from 39.2 to 71.6% and palmitic acid ranging from 20.8 to 39.6% were the two major fatty acids in all the samples. The oils from inajá were characterized by the presence of significant amounts of lauric (4.6%) and miristic (10.7%) acids while in bacaba, buriti, pupunha and tucumã, as in most edible vegetable oils, only the fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms were present. Accordingly, the major TAG species in all the samples were POP, POO and OOO. The mesocarp of the palm fruit had a high content in lipids ranging from 17.0% for pupunha to 38.3% for bacaba, expressed as dry basis.
Minor Components and Oxidative Stability as Determined by DSC of Fractionated and Lipase-catalyzed Structured Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Alim M. A. , Wessman P. , Dutta P. C.
Published: May 2013

Natural fats and oils can be modified by various methods to prepare products with desired physical, chemical and nutritional properties. The enrichment and retention of the minor lipid components, the incorporation of capric acid and oxidative stability in low temperature fractionated rapeseed oil (RSO) in acetone were assessed in this study. The fractionated liquid part (L-RSO), the solid part (S-RSO) and the RSO were transesterified with capric acid (CA) at different mole ratios using lipase. The yields of L-RSO and S-RSO were 30 and 70 g per 100 g, respectively. The L-RSO contained higher levels of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and a lower level of oleic acid compared to the S-RSO. The S-RSO contained a higher amount of total sterols than the RSO and the L-RSO. In contrast, the L-RSO contained a higher amount of total tocopherols than the RSO and the S-RSO. The incorporation of CA was ideal at a mole ratio of 1:3. The content of sterols and tocopherols gradually decreased with an increased mole ratio for the CA incorporation. The oxidative stability shown as onset temperature, determined by DSC, of the S-RSO was higher compared to those of the L-RSO and RSO.
Effects of maturation and processing technologies on nutritional and sensory qualities of Itrana table olives
Authors: Lanza B. , Di Serio M. G. , Iannucci E.
Published: May 2013

In the present study, we evaluated the nutritional and sensory characteristics of table olives of the Italian doubleaptitude olive cultivar (Olea europaea L. cv. Itrana) processed as green (Oliva bianca di Itri) and black (Oliva di Gaeta) table olives with modified Greek methods of preparation. One method provides an initial step of immersion in water to stimulate the growth of specific microflora which contributes to the debittering of the fruits. After 15-45 days, salt is added to the liquid in quantities not exceeding 8 kg per 100 kg of fresh olives. Another method entails the immersion of fruits directly in brine utilizing double-salting (half the amount of NaCl was added immediately and the remaining part after 15 days). All the information derived from chemico-physical, nutritional and sensory data have separated the samples into four groups according to techno-processings, ripening stage and storage. Double-salting is the method which assures the best results.
Mixed Proteasomes Function To Increase Viral Peptide Diversity and Broaden Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Zanker Damien , Waithman Jason , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Chen Weisan
Published: May 2013

The three proteasome subunits with proteolytic activity are encoded by standard or immunoproteasome genes. Many proteasomes expressed by normal cells and cells exposed to cytokines are “mixed”, that is, contain both standard and immunoproteasome subunits. Using a panel of 38 defined influenza A virus–derived epitopes recognized by C57BL/6 mouse CD8+ T cells, we used mice with targeted disruption of β1i, β2i, or β5i/β2i genes to examine the contribution of mixed proteasomes to the immunodominance hierarchy of antiviral CD8+ T cells. We show that each immunoproteasome subunit has large effects on the primary and recall immunodominance hierarchies due to modulating both the available T cell repertoire and generation of individual epitopes as determined both biochemically and kinetically in Ag presentation assays. These findings indicate that mixed proteasomes function to enhance the diversity of peptides and support a broad CD8+ T cell response.
Glacial geology and glacial sediment geochemistry in the Clyde Forks - Westport area of Ontario
Authors: Kettles I M
Published: May 2013

All glacial deposits in the Clyde Forks-Westport area are thought to be Late Wisconsinan or younger. The dominant direction of glacial flow during the Late Wisconsinan was south-southwestward. The most widespread surficial deposit is sandy, stony till.
Glaciofluvial sands and gravels are widely distributed, and include deposits associated with three prominent esker-subaqueous fan systems. Laminated glaciolacustrine fine sand and silty clay occur in low-lying areas west of Perth and southeast of Westport. Similar silty clay deposits in the vicinity
of Perth and Smiths Falls may be marine. Regional variations in carbonate content of glacial sediments and till texture reflect most strongly the effects of glacial transport. Concentrations of Paleozoic limestone clasts (2 .0-5.6 mm) and clay-sized detritus in till are high overlying Paleozoic
terrane in the eastern part of the study region and over an area of Precambrian terrane which extends over 20 km west and southwest of the Paleozoic-Precambrian boundary. Much of the Precambrian terrane is underlain by carbonate-poor lithologies. In contrast, the trace element content of the
clay-sized fraction of drift reflects, in most areas, composition of the underlying or nearby bedrock. For example, concentrations of As, Au, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Fe, are high over a major structural zone - the Robertson Lake Mylonite Zone where many known showings of gold and sulphide minerals are
known. Further drift prospecting is recommended in the vicinity of the Robertson Lake Mylonite Zone as its mineral potential is largely untested.
Test of validity of a dynamic soil carbon model using data from leaf litter decomposition in a West African tropical forest
Authors: Guendehou G. H. S. , Liski J. , Tuomi M. , Moudachirou M. , Sinsin B. , Mäkipää R.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. We evaluated the applicability of the dynamic soil carbon model Yasso07 in tropical conditions in West Africa by simulating the litter decomposition process using as required input into the model litter mass, litter quality, temperature and precipitation collected during a litterbag experiment. The experiment was conducted over a six-month period on leaf litter of five dominant tree species, namely Afzelia africana, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Ceiba pentandra, Dialium guineense and Diospyros mespiliformis in a semi-deciduous vertisol forest in Southern Benin. Since the predictions of Yasso07 were not consistent with the observations on mass loss and chemical composition of litter, Yasso07 was fitted to the dataset composed of global data and the new experimental data from Benin. The re-parameterized versions of Yasso07 had a good predictive ability and refined the applicability of the model in Benin to estimate soil carbon stocks, its changes and CO2 emissions from heterotrophic respiration as main outputs of the model. The findings of this research support the hypothesis that the high variation of litter quality observed in the tropics is a major driver of the decomposition and needs to be accounted in the model parameterization.
Technical Note: Characterizing hydrologic change through catchment classification
Authors: Sawicz K. A. , Kelleher C. , Wagener T. , Troch P. , Sivapalan M. , Carrillo G.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In recent years there has been an intensive search for suitable strategies to organize and classify the very heterogeneous group of catchments that characterize our landscape. One strand of our work has focused on testing the value of hydrological signatures derived from widely available hydro-meteorological observation for this catchment classification effort. In this study, we classify 314 catchments across the contiguous US using six signature characteristics for a baseline decade (1948–1958) into 12 distinct clusters. We develop a regression tree to re-classify these catchments for subsequent decades. This activity allows us to assess the movement of catchments between clusters in time, and therefore to assess whether their hydrologic similarity/dissimilarity changes. We found situations where catchments belonging to one class would diverge into multiple classes, and conversely cases where catchments from different classes would converge into a single one. Finally, we attempt to interpret the changes observed to identify the causes for this temporal variability in hydrologic behavior. Generally, the change in both directions was most strongly related to changes in the water balance characteristics of catchments with an aridity index close to one. Changes to climate characteristics of catchments – mean annual precipitation, length of winter or seasonality of precipitation throughout the year – seem to explain most of the observed class transitions between slightly water-limited and slightly energy-limited states. Inadequate temporal information on other time-varying aspects such as land use change made it difficult to disentangle causes for change further.
Internal redundancy: an approach to improve the dynamic parameters around sharp corners
Authors: Parsa S. S. , Carretero J. A. , Boudreau R.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In recent years, redundancy in parallel manipulators has been studied broadly due to its capability of overcoming some of the drawbacks of parallel manipulators including small workspaces and singular configurations. Internal redundancy, first introduced for serial manipulators, refers to the concept of adding movable masses to some links so as to allow to control the location of the centre of mass and other dynamic properties of some links. This concept has also been referred to as variable geometry. This paper investigates the effects of internal redundancy on the dynamic properties of a planar parallel manipulator while performing a family of trajectories. More specifically, the 3-RRR planar manipulator, where a movable mass has been added to the distal link, is allowed to trace trajectories with rounded corners and different radii. The proposed method uses the manipulator's dynamic model to actively optimise the location of the redundant masses at every point along the trajectory to improve the dynamic performance of the manipulator. Numerical examples are shown to support the idea.
Airborne geophysical mapping as an innovative methodology for landslide investigation: evaluation of results from the Gschliefgraben landslide, Austria
Authors: Supper R. , Baroň I. , Ottowitz D. , Motschka K. , Gruber S. , Winkler E. , Jochum B. , Römer A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In September 2009, a complex airborne geophysical survey was performed in the large landslide affected area of the Gschliefgraben valley, Upper Austria, in order to evaluate the usability of this method for landslide detection and mapping. An evaluation of the results, including different remote sensing and ground based methods, proved that airborne geophysics, especially the airborne electromagnetic method, has a high potential for landslide investigation. This is due to its sensitivity to fluid and clay content and porosity, which are parameters showing characteristic values in landslide prone structures. Resistivity distributions in different depth levels as well as depth-slices along selected profiles are presented and compared with ground geoelectrical profiles for the test area of Gschliefgraben. Further interesting results can be derived from the radiometric survey, whereas the naturally occurring radioisotopes 40K and 232Th, as well as the man-made nuclide 137Cs have been considered. While the content of potassium and thorium in the shallow subsurface layer is expressively related to the lithological composition, the distribution of caesium is mainly determined by mass wasting processes.
Quantifying present and future glacier melt-water contribution to runoff in a central Himalayan river basin
Authors: Prasch M. , Mauser W. , Weber M.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Water supply of most lowland cultures heavily depends on rain and melt water from the upstream mountains. Especially melt-water release of alpine mountain ranges is usually attributed a pivotal role for the water supply of large downstream regions. Water scarcity is assumed as consequence of glacier shrinkage and possible disappearance due to global climate change (GCC), in particular for large parts of Central and Southeast Asia. In this paper, the application and validation of a coupled modeling approach with regional climate model (RCM) outputs and a process-oriented glacier and hydrological model is presented for the central Himalayan Lhasa River basin despite scarce data availability. Current and possible future contributions of ice melt to runoff along the river network are spatially explicitly shown. Its role among the other water balance components is presented. Although glaciers have retreated and will continue to retreat according to the chosen climate scenarios, water availability is and will be primarily determined by monsoon precipitation and snowmelt. Ice melt from glaciers is and will be a minor runoff component in summer monsoon-dominated Himalayan river basins.
Broadening the ciliopathy spectrum: Motile cilia dyskinesia, and nephronophthisis associated with a previously unreported homozygous mutation in the INVS/NPHP2 gene
Authors: Moalem Sharon , Keating Sarah , Shannon Patrick , Thompson Megan , Millar Kathryn , Nykamp Keith , Forster Adam , Noor Abdul , Chitayat David
Published: May 2013

Nephronophthisis associated ciliopathies (NPHP‐AC) are a group of phenotypically related conditions that include Joubert syndrome, Meckel syndrome, nephronophthisis (NPHP), and Senior–Loken syndrome. We report on a male fetus with prenatal ultrasound findings at 24 weeks of gestation of anhydramnios, large and echogenic kidneys and situs inversus totalis. Histopathology revealed nephronophthisis and tracheal mucosa electron microscopy revealed ciliary dysgenesis. DNA analysis of the NPHP genes showed a previously unreported homozygous mutation, p.Arg603* (c.1078+1G>A), in the INVS/NPHP2 gene. This mutation is thought to abolish the splice donor site for exon 8, which likely disrupts the normal splicing of the INVS/NPHP2 gene. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contiguous gene deletion of TBX5 and TBX3 leads to a varible phenotype with combined features of holt‐oram and ulnar‐mammary syndromes
Authors: Alby Caroline , Bessieres Bettina , Bieth Eric , Attie‐Bitach Tania , Fermont Laurent , Citony Isabelle , Razavi Ferechté , Vekemans Michel , Escande Fabienne , Manouvrier Sylvie , Malan Valérie , Amiel Jeanne
Published: May 2013

We report on a combination of congenital malformations in a mother and her fetus harboring a heterozygous deletion encompassing the TBX5 and TBX3 genes, which are disease‐causing in Holt‐Oram and ulnar‐mammary syndromes, respectively. This contiguous gene syndrome is reminiscent of Okihiro syndrome and emphasizes the importance of array‐CGH as a diagnostic tool in atypical syndromic presentations with intrafamilial variability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal development of ligaments around the tarsal bones with special reference to contribution of muscles
Authors: Uchiyama Eiichi , Kim Ji Hyun , Hiroshi Abe , Cho Baik Hwan , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Murakami Gen
Published: May 2013

Through a histological examination of eight mid‐term human fetuses (10–15 weeks) and seven late‐stage fetuses (30–34 weeks), we attempted to determine how and when fetal ligaments around the tarsal bones form the regular arrangement seen in adults. Ligaments along the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones developed early as an elongation of the perichondrium, in contrast to the late development of the plantar‐sided ligaments. In contrast, a distal elongation of the tibialis posterior tendon was a limited plantar ligament in the early stage; finally, it extended from the navicular, ran obliquely to cross the dorsal side of the fibularis longus tendon, and inserted to the lateral cuneiform and fourth metatarsal. In the late stage, the adductor hallucis muscle origin provided multiple ligamentous structures along the cuneiforms and metatarsals. The tarsal sinus contained multiple fibrous bundles (possibly, the putative interosseous talocalcanean ligaments) that were derived from (1) insertion tendons of the extensor digitorus brevis muscle and (2) the fibrous sheath of the extensor digitorus longus tendon. The aponeurotic origin of the quadratus plantae muscle seemed to contribute to formation of the long plantar ligament. Therefore, tarsal ligaments appeared likely to develop from the long tendons, their fibrous sheaths and aponeuroses and intramuscular tendons of the proper foot muscles. Under in utero conditions with little or no stress from the plantar side of the foot, the muscle‐associated connective tissue seems to play a crucial role in providing a regular arrangement of the ligaments in accordance with tensile stress from muscle contraction. Clin. Anat. 27:389–398, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The timing of maternal separation affects morris water maze performance and long‐term potentiation in male rats
Authors: Cao Xiujing , Huang Shenghai , Cao Jiejie , Chen Tingting , Zhu Ping , Zhu Rui , Su Puyu , Ruan Diyun
Published: May 2013

The increasing evidences showed that adverse early life events have profound long lasting consequences in adult rats including neural, behavioral, and cognitive effects. Early maternal separation was one of the models of adverse early life stress, but which period acts critically was unknown until now. The purpose of this paper was to explore the effects of maternal separation in different periods, that is, postnatal Day 2–9 and postnatal Day 14–21, on spatial learning and memory and long‐term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus of adolescent rats. Rat pups were assigned to three groups: early maternal separation from postnatal Day 2–9 (EMS2–9), separation from postnatal Day 14–21 (EMS14–21), and control (Con)—rats stayed with their mother all the time before weaning. Morris water maze test (MWM) and electrophysiological test were performed at 40–50 days of age. The results indicated that EMS14–21 impaired spatial learning and memory ability. For the excitatory postsynaptic potential long‐term potentiation (EPSP LTP), both the two maternal separation groups showed decreased values compared to control group. In terms of population spike long‐term potentiation (PS LTP), both the two maternal separation groups also showed lower values compared with control group, but only EMS14–21 group had significant difference compared with control group. In conclusion, our results revealed that EMS14–21 showed worst in both escape latency in Morris Water Maze test and LTP compared to control group and EMS2–9 group. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1102–1109, 2014.
Early development of hand preference and language lateralization: Are they linked, and if so, how?
Authors: Fagard Jacqueline
Published: May 2013

It is often taken for granted that, in a large majority of typical persons, hand preference and hemispheric specialization for language are interrelated. In this article, I argue that there is currently little serious evidence to support this view. I contend that the best way to investigate the true relationship between hand preference and language lateralization would be to look at their codevelopment. Since both hand preference and language asymmetries are expressed very early, even before birth, a systematic comparison of the very early development of both behavioral traits is needed to understand this relationship. At present, such data are clearly lacking. I discuss existing data on the development of hand preference and language asymmetry, and on the relations between the two. I conclude that this evidence favors the view that the two asymmetries develop relatively independently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 596–607, 2013.
Foxa2‐venus fusion reporter mouse line allows live‐cell analysis of endoderm‐derived organ formation
Authors: Burtscher Ingo , Barkey Wenke , Lickert Heiko
Published: May 2013

The Foxa2‐winged helix/forkhead box transcription factor (TF) is absolutely required for endoderm formation and organogenesis. Foxa2 plays essential roles during lung, liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract development and regulates cell‐type specific programs in the adult organism. To specifically address Foxa2 function during organ development and homeostasis, we generated a Foxa2‐Venus fusion (FVF) reporter protein by gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells. The FVF knock‐in reporter is expressed under endogenous Foxa2 control and the fluorescent protein fusion does not interfere with TF function, as homozygous mice are viable and fertile. Moreover, the FVF protein localizes to the nucleus, associates with chromatin during mitosis, and reflects the endogenous Foxa2 protein distribution pattern in several tissues in heterozygous animals. Importantly, live‐cell imaging on single‐cell level of the FVF and Sox17‐Cherry fusion double knock‐in reporter ES cell line reveals the dynamics of endoderm TF accumulation during ES cell differentiation. The FVF reporter also allowed us to identify the endoderm progenitors during gastrulation and to visualize the different branching morphogenesis modes of the lung and pancreas epithelium in ex vivo embryo and organ cultures. In summary, the generation of the FVF reporter line adds an important new tool to visualize and analyse endoderm‐derived organ development and homeostasis on the cellular and molecular level. genesis 51:596–604. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measured physical activity in anorexia nervosa: Features and treatment outcome
Authors: El Ghoch Marwan , Calugi Simona , Pellegrini Massimo , Milanese Chiara , Busacchi Marcello , Battistini Nino Carlo , Bernabè Jasmine , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: May 2013

Objective

To assess the role of measured physical activity (PA) in anorexia nervosa treatment outcome, and to compare the PA of patients with anorexia nervosa with age‐matched controls.

Method

PA was assessed by means of Sense Wear Armband before and after a cognitive‐behavioral inpatient treatment in 53 consecutive females with anorexia nervosa, and in 53 healthy age‐matched controls.

Results

At baseline, patients with anorexia nervosa exhibited a higher duration of moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA≥3 Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs)) than controls (t = 2.91; p = .004). Dropouts had higher duration (sec) and expenditure (kcal·day−1) of MVPA than completers. At the end of treatment, completers had a higher number of daily steps, MVPA duration, and expenditure than controls. However, PA was not correlated to eating disorder psychopathology either before or after treatment.

Discussion

PA is higher in patients with anorexia nervosa than age‐matched controls both before and after treatment, and is associated with treatment dropout. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:709–712)
NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls
Authors: Tiggemann Marika , Slater Amy
Published: May 2013

Objective

The primary aim of the study was to examine the relationship between Internet exposure and body image concern in adolescent girls, with a particular focus on the social networking site of Facebook.

Method

A sample of 1,087 girls in the first two years (Years 8 and 9) of high school (aged 13–15 years) completed questionnaire measures of Internet consumption and body image concerns.

Results

The overwhelming majority of girls (95.9%) had access to the Internet in their home. Time spent on the Internet was significantly related to internalization of the thin ideal, body surveillance, and drive for thinness. Further, 75% of the girls had a Facebook profile, and spent an average of 1.5 hours there daily. Facebook users scored significantly more highly on all body image concern measures than non‐users.

Discussion

It was concluded that the Internet represents a potent socio‐cultural medium of relevance to the body image of adolescent girls. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:630–633)
Evaluation of a web‐based skills intervention for carers of people with anorexia nervosa: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hoyle Danielle , Slater Judith , Williams Chris , Schmidt Ulrike , Wade Tracey D.
Published: May 2013

Objective

To investigate the feasibility and usefulness of an online information and skills development intervention for carers of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and individuals with AN.

Method

Thirty‐seven carers and seventeen individuals with AN were recruited; carers completed the intervention Overcoming Anorexia Online (OAO), with random allocation to receiving additional clinician guidance (OAO‐G) or no guidance (OAO‐NoG). Level of expressed emotion, distress, depressive symptoms, experience of caregiving, and impact of eating disorder symptoms were assessed in carers and perceptions of changes in their carers' expressed emotion were assessed in individuals with AN. Participants completed questionnaires at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Significant reductions were found for carer intrusiveness, negative experiences of caregiving, and the impact of starvation and guilt. Within group effect sizes suggested mixed findings with respect to whether greater benefits were conferred for carers receiving clinician guidance. Decreases in perceived intrusiveness of the carer by the individual with AN were associated with a large effect size.

Discussion

Results demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of an online intervention for carers. Further examination of the efficacy of the intervention for both carers and individuals with AN is warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:634–638)
A low‐relief shield volcano origin for the South Kaua‘i Swell
Authors: Ito Garrett , Garcia Michael O. , Smith John R. , Taylor Brian , Flinders Ashton , Jicha Brian , Yamasaki Seiko , Weis Dominique , Swinnard Lisa , Blay Chuck
Published: May 2013

The South Kaua‘i Swell (SKS) is a 110 km x 80 km ovoid bathymetric feature that stands >2 km high and abuts the southern flank of the island of Kaua‘i. The origin of the SKS was investigated using multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter, gravity data, radiometric ages, and geochemistry of rock samples. Most of the SKS rock samples are tholeiitic in composition with ages of 3.9–5.4 Ma indicating they were derived from shield volcanism. The ages and compositions of the SKS rocks partially overlap with those of the nearby Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i and West Ka‘ena volcano complexes. The SKS was originally described as a landslide; however, this interpretation is problematic given the ovoid shape of SKS, its relatively smooth, flat‐to‐convex surface, and the lack of an obvious source region that could accommodate what would be one of Earth's most voluminous (6 x 103 km3) landslides. The morphology, size, and the surrounding gravity anomaly are more consistent with the SKS being a low‐relief shield volcano, which was partially covered with a small volume of landside debris from south Kaua‘i and later with some secondary volcanic seamounts. A shield origin would imply that Hawaiian and possibly other hotspot shield volcanoes can take on a wider variety of forms than is commonly thought, ranging from tall island‐building shields, to smaller edifices such as Ka‘ena Ridge and Mahukona, to even lower‐relief volcanoes represented by the SKS and possibly the South West O‘ahu Volcanic Field.
In search of long‐term hemispheric asymmetry in the geomagnetic field: Results from high northern latitudes
Authors: Cromwell G. , Tauxe L. , Staudigel H. , Constable C. G. , Koppers A. A. P. , Pedersen R.‐B.
Published: May 2013

Investigations of the behavior of the geomagnetic field on geological timescales rely on globally distributed data sets from dated lava flows. We present the first suitable data from the Arctic region, comprising 37 paleomagnetic directions from Jan Mayen (71°N, 0.2–461 ka) and Spitsbergen (79°N, 1–9.2 Ma) and five paleointensity results. Dispersion of the Arctic virtual geomagnetic poles over the last 2 Ma (27.3 ± 4.0°) is significantly lower than that from published Antarctic data sets (32.1 ± 5.0°). Arctic average virtual axial dipole moment (76.8 ± 24.3 ZAm2) is high in comparison to Antarctica over the same time interval (34.8 ± 8.2 ZAm2), although the data are still too sparse in the Arctic to be definitive. These data support a long‐lived hemispheric asymmetry of the magnetic field, contrasting higher, more stable fields in the north with lower average strength and more variable field directions in the south. Such features require significant non‐axial‐dipole contributions over 105−106 years.
Bimodal volcanism of the High Lava Plains and Northwestern Basin and Range of Oregon: Distribution and tectonic implications of age‐progressive rhyolites
Authors: Ford Mark T. , Grunder Anita L. , Duncan Robert A.
Published: May 2013

Multiple episodes of Oligocene and younger silicic volcanism are represented in the high lava plateau of central and southeastern Oregon. From 12 Ma to Recent, volcanism is strongly bimodal with nearly equal volumes of basalt and rhyolite. It is characterized by moderate to high silica (SiO2 >72 wt. %) rhyolitic tuffs and domes that are younger to the west, and widespread, tholeiitic basalts that show no temporal pattern. We report 18 new 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating ages on rhyolites, and establish that the timing of the age‐progressive rhyolites is decoupled from basaltic pulses. This work expands on that of previous workers by clearly linking the High Lava Plains (HLP) and northwestern‐most Basin and Range (NWBR) rhyolite volcanism into a single age‐progressive trend. The spatial‐temporal relationship of the rhyolite outcrops and regional tectonics indicate that subsidence due to increasingly dense crust creates large, primarily sediment‐filled basins within the more volcanically active HLP. The west‐northwest age progression in rhyolitic volcanism is counter to the trend expected for a quasi‐stationary mantle upwelling relative to North American plate motion. We attribute the rhyolitic age progression to mantle upwelling in response to slab rollback and steepening, and this is consistent with mantle anisotropy under the region and analog slab rollback models. This removes the necessity of deep mantle plume involvement. Laboratory experimental studies indicate that the geometry of the downgoing slab can focus upwelling or asthenospheric counterflow into a constricted band, resulting in greater volcanic volumes in the HLP as compared to the NWBR.
Sediment‐enriched adakitic magmas from the Daisen volcanic field, Southwest Japan
Authors: Feineman Maureen , Moriguti Takuya , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Terui Sakiko , Nakamura Eizo
Published: May 2013

The Quaternary Southwest Japan Arc is a product of subduction of the hot, young Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Continental Plate. The magmas erupted from the Southwest Japan Arc belong to a category of magmas commonly referred to as “adakites” or “adakitic magmas”. These magmas show trace element evidence for interaction with garnet at depth, and may be associated with partial melting of subducted altered oceanic crust. Also found throughout the southern Sea of Japan region are alkali basalts with little apparent connection to the subduction zone. We have determined major element, trace element, and Sr, Nd, Pb, and U‐Th isotopic compositions for a bimodal suite of lavas erupted at the Daisen volcanic field in the Southwest Japan Arc. These magmas consist of mildly alkaline basalts and a calcalkaline intermediate suite, separated by a ∼10 wt.% silica gap. The intermediate magmas show trace element and isotopic evidence for interaction with garnet, consistent with partial melting of the hot, young (∼20 Ma) Philippine Sea Plate. The Daisen intermediate magmas are distinct from other adakitic magmas in their radiogenic isotopic characteristics, consistent with a significant contribution (∼25%) from subducted Nankai Trough sediments. Our data suggest that the basalts erupted at the Daisen volcanic field are not parental to the intermediate magmas, and contain a small contribution of EM1‐like mantle common in Sea of Japan alkali basalts but not apparent in the Daisen intermediate magmas.
Observations of the volume flux of a seafloor hydrothermal plume using an acoustic imaging sonar
Authors: Xu G. , Jackson D. R. , Bemis K. G. , Rona P. A.
Published: May 2013

We present a 26 day time series (October 2010) of physical properties (volume flux, flow velocity, expansion rate) of a vigorous deep‐sea hydrothermal plume measured using our Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS), which is connected to the Northeast Pacific Time Series Underwater Experiment Canada Cabled Observatory at the Main Endeavour Field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. COVIS quantitatively monitors the initial buoyant rise of the plume from
to
above the vents. The time series exhibits temporal variations of the plume vertical volume flux (
), centerline vertical velocity component (
) and expansion rate (
); these variations have major spectral peaks at semidiurnal (
cycle/day) and inertial oscillation (
cycle/day) frequencies. The plume expansion rate (average
) is inversely proportional to the plume centerline vertical velocity component (coefficient of determination
). This inverse proportionality, as well as the semidiurnal frequency, indicates interaction between the plume and ambient ocean currents consistent with an entrainment of ambient seawater that increases with the magnitude of ambient currents. The inertial oscillations observed in the time series provide evidence for the influence of surface storms on the dynamics of hydrothermal plumes.
Creep events at the brittle ductile transition
Authors: Lavier Luc L. , Bennett Richard A. , Duddu Ravindra
Published: May 2013

We present an analytic formulation to model creep events at the transition between brittle behavior in the crust and viscous behavior in ductile shear zones. We assume that creep events at the brittle ductile transition (BDT) are triggered by slip on optimally oriented fractures or network of fractures filled with weak ductile material. These events are expressed as transient flow in ductile shear zones likely aided by the release of crustal fluids. We show that the creep in the shear zone can be modeled as the motion of a forced damped oscillator composed of a brittle viscoelastic crust, a ductile shear zone and a creeping zone of fractures at the BDT. The time scale of the events varies between seconds to thousands of years depending on the viscous, elastic and brittle‐plastic properties of the fractured BDT, the shear zone and the crust. The nature of the events depends on the aspect ratio,γof the shear zone thickness,Hwto the length of the fractured zone,w. We find that thick shear zones with small fractures at the BDT are stiff and generate creep oscillations. Thin shear zones with well‐connected fractures over a large width have very small stiffness and are well lubricated. They generate slow creep events or steady creep event. The former are similar to transient slip events and the latter to creep at the far field tectonic rates. The viscosity of the shear zone,ηwenhances lubrication if it is small and stiffness if it is large.
Buoyancy and localizing properties of continental mantle lithosphere: Insights from thermomechanical models of the eastern Gulf of Aden
Authors: Watremez L. , Burov E. , d'Acremont E. , Leroy S. , Huet B. , Le Pourhiet L. , Bellahsen N.
Published: May 2013

Physical properties of the mantle lithosphere have a strong influence on the rifting processes and rifted structures. In particular, in context of rifting, two of these properties have been overlooked: (1) Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity (localizing pressure dependent) may not be valid at mantle depths as opposed to nonlocalizing pressure‐independent plasticity (hereafter, perfect plasticity), and (2) lithosphere buoyancy can vary, depending on the petrological composition of the mantle. Focussing on the Arabian plate, we show that the lithosphere may be negatively buoyant. We use thermomechanical modeling to investigate the importance of mantle rheology and composition on the formation of a passive margin, ocean‐continent transition (OCT) and oceanic basin. We compare the results of this parametric study to observations in the eastern Gulf of Aden (heat flow, refraction seismics and topography) and show that (1) mantle lithosphere rheology controls the margin geometry and timing of the rifting; (2) lithosphere buoyancy has a large impact on the seafloor depth and the timing of partial melting; and (3) a perfectly plastic mantle lithosphere 20 kg m−3 denser than the asthenosphere best fits with observed elevation in the Gulf of Aden. Finally, thermomechanical models suggest that partial melting can occur in the mantle during the Arabian crustal breakup. We postulate that the produced melt could then infiltrate through the remnant continental mantle lithosphere, reach the surface and generate oceanic crust. This is in agreement with the observed narrow OCT composed of exhumed continental mantle intruded by volcanic rocks in the eastern Gulf of Aden.
Early‐stage rifting of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin: Results from a combined wide‐angle and multichannel seismic study
Authors: Moeller S. , Grevemeyer I. , Ranero C. R. , Berndt C. , Klaeschen D. , Sallares V. , Zitellini N. , de Franco R.
Published: May 2013

Extension of the continental lithosphere leads to the formation of rift basins and ultimately may create passive continental margins. The mechanisms that operate during the early stage of crustal extension are still intensely debated. We present the results from coincident multichannel seismic and wide‐angle seismic profiles that transect across the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin. The profiles cross the Corsica Basin (France) to the Latium Margin (Italy) where the early‐rift stage of the basin is well preserved. We found two domains, each with a distinct tectonic style, heat flow and crustal thickness. One domain is the Corsica Basin in the west that formed before the main rift phase of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea opening (∼8–4 Ma). The second domain is rifted continental crust characterized by tilted blocks and half‐graben structures in the central region and at the Latium Margin. These two domains are separated by a deep (∼10 km) sedimentary complex of the eastern portion of the Corsica Basin. Travel‐time tomography of wide‐angle seismic data reveals the crustal architecture and a subhorizontal 15–17 ± 1 km deep Moho discontinuity under the basin. To estimate the amount of horizontal extension we have identified the pre‐, syn‐, and post‐tectonic sedimentary units and calculated the relative displacement of faults. We found that major faults initiated at angles of 45°–50° and that the rifted domain is horizontally stretched by a factor of β ∼ 1.3 (∼8–10 mm/a). The crust has been thinned from ∼24 to ∼17 km indicating a similar amount of extension (∼30%). The transect represents one of the best imaged early rifts and implies that the formation of crustal‐scale detachments, or long‐lived low‐angle normal faults, is not a general feature that controls the rift initiation of continental crust. Other young rift basins, like the Gulf of Corinth, the Suez Rift or Lake Baikal, display features resembling the northern Tyrrhenian Basin, suggesting that half‐graben formations and distributed homogeneous crustal thinning are a common feature during rift initiation.
Can natural variability explain observed Antarctic sea ice trends? New modeling evidence from CMIP5
Authors: Polvani Lorenzo M. , Smith Karen L.
Published: May 2013

The recent observed positive trends in total Antarctic sea ice extent are at odds with the expectation of melting sea ice in a warming world. More problematic yet, climate models indicate that sea ice should decrease around Antarctica in response to both increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. The resolution of this puzzle, we suggest, may lie in the large natural variability of the coupled atmosphere‒ocean‒sea‒ice system. Contrasting forced and control integrations from four state‒of‒the‒art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we show that the observed Antarctic sea ice trend falls well within the distribution of trends arising naturally in the system, and that the forced response in the models is small compared to the natural variability. From this, we conclude that it may prove difficult to attribute the observed trends in total Antarctic sea ice to anthropogenic forcings, although some regional features might be easier to explain.
Pleural effusion leading to right atrial collapse
Authors: Khouzam Rami N. , Yusuf Jawwad
Published: May 2013

Rapid accumulation of pericardial fluid can lead to tamponade, resulting in cardiac chambers' collapse, which can lead to hemodynamic and clinical instability, potentially needing emergent pericardiocentesis. Pleural effusion should also be considered as a potential, if rare, cause of cardiac chambers' collapse and possibly cardiac tamponade. This phenomenon has clinical implications because hemodynamically unstable patients with moderate to large pleural effusion may actually need thoracentesis instead of massive volume resuscitation, inotropic agents, or pericardiocentesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42: 189–191, 2014