bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae L. Hücre Kültürü Oksidatif Stres Modelinde Bazı Fosfazen Türevlerinin Biyokimyasal Aktiviteleri
Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Ayşe Dilek , ERDOĞDU Ayşe , KİREÇCİ Oğuz Ayhan , ASLAN Fatih , İHSAN Ali , YILMAZ Prof. Dr.  Ökkeş
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, Saccharomyces cerevisiae L. kültür ortamında bazı fosfazenlerin biyokimyasal aktiviteleri belirlendi. Deneysel uygulamada farklı fosfazen molekülleri kullanıldı. Çalışma kapsamındaki deney grupları; kontrol grubu, H2O2 (Hidrojen peroksit) ve fosfazen molekülleri grupları şeklinde düzenlendi. Gruplar hazırlandıktan sonra, kontrol grubu dışında diğer kültürlere 30 µg fosfazen ve 100 µl H2O2 ilave edildi. 30 °C de 72 saat inkübasyona bırakıldı. İnkübasyon sonunda hücre peletleri ayrıldı. Elde edilen süpernatantdan Glutatyon S-Transferaz (GST) ile total protein düzeyleri belirlendi. Hekzan/izopropanol alkol karışımı ile elde edilen homojenattan da yağ asidi ve lipofilik moleküllerin analizi yapıldı. Deney sonuçlarına göre, fosfazen molekülü ve H2O2 ilave edilen maya hücrelerinde total protein değerleri ile GST değerlerinde paralel bir artış gözlenirken, bazı gruplarda protein miktarında artış saptandığı halde GST düzeyinde azalma olduğu belirlendi. S. cerevisiae’ nin membran yapısında önemli bir yer kaplayan ergosterolün, T3 ve T3B kodlu fosfazenler ile H2O2 gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre yüksek, T4 kodlu fosfazenler ile H2O2 gruplarında ise düşük olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; S. cerevisiae kültür ortamına fosfazen ve H2O2 moleküllerin eklenmesinin, ergosterol ve yağ asidi sentezi ile yağ asitlerinin hidrokarbon zincirine çift bağ girişi yapan enzimlerin son ürünlerinde artışlara ya da azalışlara neden olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Phylogenetic Relationships of The Trifolium L. Species Based on cpDNA Sequences
Authors: YILMAZ Aykut , YELTEKİN Yudum
Published: August 2022

DNA barcoding is an important molecular approach in the determination of species diversity, evaluation of phylogenetic relationships and identification of taxonomically problematic species because of insufficient diagnostic characters. It has great importance to determine the barcoding regions that will give the best result in the evaluation of phylogenetic relationships in species like Trifolium that spread over wide geographical regions in the world and show high variation accordingly. For this aim, matK (maturase K) and rbcL (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase gene) regions belonging to cpDNA(chloroplast DNA) was used to determine the barcoding ability and evaluate the taxonomy of the genus Trifolium. 63 taxa from matK region and 47 taxa from rbcL region were determined and used in this study. It was observed that transitional substitutions for matK and rbcL regions are higher than transversional substitutions with the rate of 51.52 % and 70.69 %, respectively. It can be stated that both of barcoding regions are valuable to reveal the phylogenetic relationships, in addition to their grouping ability the species as taxonomically. However, especially the using of matK sequence informations that have high variable sites (158) and grouping ability clearly for all taxa is strongly recommended.
The Effect of Farm Manure on Yield and Some Soil Properties in a Pear Garden in Yozgat
Authors: KOÇ Aysen , YAKUPOĞLU Tuğrul
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of farm manure applied at two doses on some chemical and physical properties of the soil. In addition, it was conducted to determine the relationships between the contribution of improved soil health and quality to the development of pear trees. For this purpose, farmyard manure of Etruşka variety grafted on a 6-year-old OHF 333 rootstock planted in Gedikhasanlı Research and Application Center was applied to the crown projection of the trees in three different doses (control, half dose: 5 kg tree-1 and full dose: 10 kg tree-1). At the end of the study, while there was no statistical difference between applications in 2018 and 2019 measurements in tree height measurements, 5 kg tree-1 and 10 kg tree-1 farm manure applications affected 2020 measurements significantly. When the number of shoots was examined, there was no statistical difference in the year of application (2018) and one year after (2019), while in 2020, 5 kg tree-1 and 10 kg tree-1 farm manure applications were higher than control. With the application of 10 kg farm manure per tree, the organic matter content of the soil was increased from "low" level (1.02%) to "medium" level (3.03%) at the end of the first year. A similar situation was valid for 5 kg tree-1 dose application, although the increase in the amount of organic matter was lower (2.45%). At the end of the second year, while the level of organic matter in soils where high dose application was applied was preserved as "medium" (2.14%), the low dose application lost its effectiveness and the level of organic matter fell back to the "low" class (1.45%). The most effective application reducing bulk density and penetration resistance was 10 kg tree-1 dose.
KAMU HİZMETLERİNİN FONKSİYONEL OLMAYAN TÜKETİMİ: TÜKETİCİLERİN TRAFİKTE IŞIK İHLAL ETME EĞİLİMLERİ
Authors: BİLGEHAN Hande , İNAN Enes , ÖZHAN DEDEOĞLU Ayla , KABASAKAL Ezgi
Published: August 2022

Kamu hizmetlerinin tüketimi, diğer bireylerin çıkarlarının da varlığı söz konusu olduğu kolektif bağlamda gerçekleşmektedir. Fonksiyonel olmayan tüketim; sadece bireysel faydayı riske atmakla kalmayıp, diğer bireylere de zarar verme riski taşımaktadır. Bir kamu hizmeti olan trafik ışıkları hizmetinin tüketicisi olan sürücülerdir. Çalışma sürücülerin trafikte sarı ışık kurallarını ihlal etme eğilimlerini fonksiyonel olmayan tüketim bağlamında ele almaktadır. SPSS ve AMOS çıktılarına göre elde edilen bulgular, sürücünün trafikteki sorumluluklarına ilişkin bilincinin, yakın çevresinden gelen geri bildirime uyma eğiliminin, kamu hizmet kurallarına uyma eğiliminin azalmasının sürücülerin trafik ışıklarını ihlal etmesinde etken olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca sürücünün, kurallara uymamayı olumsuz davranış olarak görmemesi de sarı ışıkta ihlal yapmasına neden olmaktadır. Daha önce trafikte sarı ışık ihlalinden dolayı ceza almayanların, alanlara göre, kadın sürücülerin, erkeklere göre ve daha önce trafik kazası geçirmemiş sürücülerin, geçirenlere göre sarı ışık kurallarına daha fazla uyduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma ile elde edilen bulguların, kamu hizmetlerinin fonksiyonel tüketiminin öneminin tüketicilere aktarılmasını amaçlayan sosyal pazarlama kampanyaları kapsamında kullanılmasına ilişkin öneriler de geliştirilmiştir.
FORECASTING OF TURKEY'S UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR FUTURE PERIODS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: KARAHAN Mehmet , ÇETİNTAŞ Fatma
Published: August 2022

In world economies, in order to achieve high national income level, employment has an important effect. Therefore, it is necessary for unemployment to be highly low. Labor force structure of a country specifies the state of that country, and that unemployment rates are at high levels is an indicator of that there is a deviation in the development and growth rate of country economy. In this context, forecasting unemployment rates in the next periods of Turkey, in order to develop solution suggestions for unemployment problem which is one of the most important problems of today, and make contribution to improving country economy, it was decided to conduct such a study. In this forecasting study conducted, due to the fact that the risk to obtain wrong results with traditional methods is high in the solutions of chaotic contented problems, it was decided to be used ANN (Artificial Neural Network) method, which presents healthy solutions of the chaotic problems including partly erroneous or over deviating data and is one of the contemporary methods, commonly used in the literature. In the study, utilizing the monthly basic economic indicators of Turkey belonging to the period of 2005-2018, forecast of unemployment rate for the next periods was made by ANN method, and the data belonging to totally six basic economic indicators were used in the forecast. As a conclusion of the study, it was identified that the forecast made by the model developed produced the reliable results that are quite close to the reality.
Forecast of the socioeconomic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Smirnova M. I. , Antsiferova A. A. , Lukyanov M. M. , Myrzamatova A. O. , Mokhovikov G. I. , Khudyakov M. B. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: August 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a high level of morbidity and mortality and is associated with significant social and economic losses for the health care system and society.

Aim. To predict the socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022, including the cost of drug treatment.

Methods. The socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022 was predicted with and without taking into account the impact of COVID-19. The analysis of the cost of illness included the calculation of direct and indirect costs due to COPD. Data of Federal State Statistics Service, the State Guarantee Program of Free Medical Care for Citizens of Russian Federation, and data from the regional register of drug treatment of patients with COPD were used. Costs of medical care (ambulatory, hospital, and emergency care) were calculated based on compulsory health insurance tariffs. The disability benefits payments were calculated based on number of disabled persons and the amount of the disability benefit in each group. Indirect costs (or economic losses) included losses from products which were not produced due to disability and premature mortality of working-aged adults.

Results. The predicted total economic losses due to COPD in 2022 will be 428.5 billion rubles when taking into account the impact of COVID-19, and 378.9 billion rubles when not accounting for COVID-19. Losses in the economy due to decreased labor productivity because of premature deaths (86%) are major part of the main burden. The cost of drug therapy for patients with COPD in outpatient settings will amount to over 17 billion rubles.

Conclusion. Potential economic burden of COPD in 2022 depends on the incidence of COVID-19 and could be 0.34% of the GDP. Priority should be given to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of COPD by correcting risk factors in the population, early diagnosis, slowing the progression of the disease and preventing exacerbations. Prevention of respiratory infections including COVID-19 in patients with COPD plays a special role.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: review of the draft clinical guidelines, 2022
Authors: Kondratyeva E. I. , Avdeev S. N. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L. , Polyakov A. V. , Chernukha M. Yu. , Kondratenko O. V. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Vishneva E. A. , Selimzyanova L. R. , Simonova O. I. , Gembitskaya T. E. , Bragina E. E. , Rachina S. A. , Malakhov A. B. , Polyakov D. P. , Odinaeva N. D. , Kutsev S. I.
Published: August 2022

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary disease from the group of ciliopathies, which is based on a defect in the cilia ultrastructure of the respiratory epithelium and similar structures (sperm flagella, villi of the fallopian tubes, ventricular ependyma, etc.), leading to motor function impairment. The prevalence of the disease varies significantly around the world and is not known reliably in the Russian Federation.

The aim of the review was to analyze literature data on modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of PCD.

Methodology. The data of 90 articles and the opinions of experts providing care to patients with PCD were used.

Results. The classic manifestations of PCD depend on age. The leading manifestations of the disease in patients with PCD are recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia), with the formation of bronchiectasis, damage to the ENT organs (chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, repeated otitis media, progressive hearing loss). Currently, there is no single method which could serve as a “gold” standard for diagnosing PCD. The diagnosis of PCD is based on the characteristic clinical picture in combination with the results of special tests (nitric oxide in exhaled air, DNA diagnostics, high-speed video microscopy, transmission electron microscopy). The genetic diagnostics has not been developed sufficiently in the global practice yet and is unavailable in our country. The approach to the treatment of a patient with PCD should be multidisciplinary due to multiple organ lesions. According to the European consensus, the goal of PCD therapy is to restore or maintain normal lung function. There have been no randomized trials of treatment for PCD, and therefore all treatment recommendations are based on very low-level evidence or extrapolated from cystic fibrosis guidelines. Recommendations on mucolytic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy of PCD are given with consideration for the international and domestic experience.

Conclusion. The development of a new version of clinical guidelines containing up-to-date relevant information will improve the diagnosis and treatment of PCD in the Russian Federation.
Results of an open observational multicenter study of the effectiveness and tolerability of levodropropizine in comparison with standard antitussive therapy (real practice) in the treatment of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zaicev A. A. , Bolotova E. V. , Dudnikova A. V. , Sнulzhenko L. V. , Vizel A. A. , Kostina N. E. , Nedashkovskaya N. G.
Published: August 2022

Cough is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-2019), occurring in more than 70% of cases. The cough associated with the new coronavirus infection tends to be non-productive and requires symptomatic antitussive therapy. However, at present, there is insufficient data on the effectiveness of various antitussive agents in COVID-19.

The aim. Analysis of the clinical and economic efficiency and safety of the use of levodropropizin in comparison with standard symptomatic therapy of patients with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the real-life clinical setting.

Methods. An open observational multicenter study was conducted in Moscow, Krasnodar, Kazan, Voronezh, and Rostov-on-Don. The study enrolled 250 inpatient COVID 19 patients (1 875 years) with complaints of dry unproductive cough which required symptomatic treatment. The main group included 150 people who received levodropropizine according to the label. The comparison group received other antitussive drugs. Each patient was examined on days 1, 4 and 8. The examination included collection of the current complaints and medical history, physical examination and assessment of the intensity of cough using day and night cough assessment scale using a 6-point scale for assessing daytime and nighttime cough and a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results. In the main group, significant differences were revealed between the baseline and Day 4 in the form of a significant decrease in the severity of daytime cough (р = 0.002); significant differences were found between Day 4 and Day 8 for both daytime (р = 0.002) and nocturnal cough (р = 0.0001). The comparison group showed positive dynamics, but significant differences were seen only between the baseline and Day 8 at night (р = 0.001). The severity of cough on VAS scale in the main group differed significantly on Day 8 as compared to baseline (р = 0.001), as well as between Day 4 and Day 8 (р = 0.002). No significant differences were seen in the comparison group. No adverse effects were observed during treatment with levodropropizine.

Conclusion. Levodropropizine has shown high efficacy and safety in the treatment of dry unproductive cough in comparison with standard symptomatic therapy in the form of a significant decrease in cough intensity according to both scales, starting from the 4th day.
Management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Baysultanova R. E. , Rachina S. A. , Kotidis I. M. , Kupriushina O. A. , Alhalaseh Saif Authman Khaleel
Published: August 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common acute infectious disease in adults. Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the incidence of CAP and worsens the prognosis. In this regard, the assessment of the current practice of CAP management in patients with concomitant DM and its compliance with clinical guidelines is of great interest.

Purpose. To study the current practice of CAP treatment in adult patients with concomitant type 2 DM in a multidisciplinary hospital and evaluate its compliance with the national clinical guidelines.

Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a pulmonology department of a republican clinical hospital. The study recruited adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CAP and previously diagnosed type 2 DM. For each case, demographic characteristics, the severity of CAP, the presence and nature of complications, systemic antibiotic therapy (ABT) and compliance with 16 quality indicators (QI) were recorded. The quality indicators described the adequacy of examination, treatment and secondary prevention of CAP in the presence of concomitant DM. QIs were chosen based on the national clinical guidelines for CAP and algorithms for specialized medical care for patients with DM.

Results. Altogether, 48 patients with the average age of 63.9 ± 10.5 years were enrolled. 81% of patients had mild CAP. The severity criteria were assessed in 60% of the patients, prognosis – in 17% of the patients. X-ray examination, pulse oximetry and complete blood count were performed on time in 100% of the cases. A total of 19% of patients had a culture of respiratory specimens. A blood culture was performed in 11,11% of the cases of severe CAP (SCAP). Rapid urine tests for pneumococcal and legionella antigens have not been used. Glycemia was monitored daily in 27% of the patients. ABT was initiated on time in 100% of the patients.

Conclusion. Low adherence to many QIs, insufficient control of glycemia and correction of sugar-lowering therapy in the treatment of hospitalized patients with CAP and concomitant type 2 DM were observed, which can worsen clinical outcomes.
Test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest®) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in pulmonological practice
Authors: Shubina A. T. , Borodulina E. A. , Kudlay D. A. , Borodulin B. E. , Vdoushkina E. S. , Gerasimov A. N. , Eremenko E. P.
Published: August 2022

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia remains an urgent problem in primary health care despite the improvement of radiological and laboratory diagnostic methods.

The aimof study was to evaluate the possibility of using a skin test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest®, Generium, Russia) for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia.

Methods.119 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis first detected in the pulmonology department during differential diagnosis were analyzed. The diagnosis was verified by a liquid media culture in the BACTEC MGIT 960 system (BD, USA). All patients with suspected tuberculosis had a skin test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen upon admission. Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. The differences were considered statistically significant atp< 0.05.

Results.Most patients were of working age and had aggravating social risk factors 49 (41.2%), HIV-infection 75 (63.0%), drug addiction 44 (36.9%), or viral hepatitis C 33 (24.2%). As for the clinical forms, infiltrative and disseminated tuberculosis prevailed. Evaluation of the results of the «fast» methods of the diagnostic minimum showed that a positive result of the test with Diaskintest®was almost three times more likely than the positive result of bacterioscopy of a sputum smear with Ziehl–Neelsen staining.Mycobacterium tuberculosisDNA was detected in sputum using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF cartridge technology in 92.6% patients with a positive result of Diaskintest®skin test and a negative sputum bacterioscopy analysis.

Conclusion.Is advisable to use Diaskintest®skin test in patients of a pulmonological hospital in the early stages and confirm the positive result with GeneXpert MTB/RIF to reduce the time for diagnosing tuberculosis and the patient’s bed-days in a non-specialized medical institution.
Application of whole body plethysmography for assessment of pulmonary function in patients with asthma and obesity
Authors: Ignatova G. L. , Rodionova O. V. , Makarova E. A.
Published: August 2022

The incidence of asthma and obesity is constantly increasing. It is commonly acknowledged that obesity can make asthma more severe and poorly controlled. Conventional spirometry, despite of being a “gold standard” in diagnostics of lung diseases, cannot provide information on residual lung volume and bronchial resistance, which can be a key to understanding the mechanics of spirometric deviations found in asthma-obesity phenotype.

The aim. To evaluate pulmonary function in patients with asthma and obesity by non-invasive and safe clinical method – body plethysmography.

Methods. 46 women with asthma were enrolled into the study, of which 21 were obese and 25 had normal body weight. 18 women with obesity and 20 women with normal body weight were selected as controls. All the patients were postmenopausal. Body plethysmography was performed with MasterScreen Body device, CareFusion, Germany.

Results. Asthma is associated with a decrease in forced vital lung capacity and an increase in residual volume. Also, Gensler index and peak expiration flows at 25, 50, and 75% expiration were decreased. Interestingly, specific effective resistance in patients with asthma without obesity was 30 – 40% higher than in the control group. In patients with asthma and obesity, specific effective resistance was 2,5 times higher than in the control group. Residual volume and bronchial resistance were found to have a strong positive correlation.

Conclusion. despite of similar spirometric changes, only asthma in obesity was marked by an increase of specific bronchial resistance. This finding can be related to higher energy load of breathing process in obese asthma.
Difficulties in differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction and asthma
Authors: Glotov S. I. , Bhar F. M. , Ponomareva I. B. , Uryasev O. M. , Zhukova L. A.
Published: August 2022

Aim. Differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and asthma.

Methods. 105 patients with partially controlled asthma were examined. We used specific examinations for VCD: psychological scales , questionnaires for monitoring symptoms of VCD, transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy, conventional and electronic lung auscultation with the analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of wheezing in the chest and in the region of the larynx on the left and right. Spirometry was performed using Vitalograph ALPHA spirometer (England). The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included patients with asthma; group 2 included patients with asthma and VCD (asthma-plus syndrome); group 3 included patients with VCD.

Results. Conventional auscultation revealed wheezing over the lungs with a decrease in its intensity on the neck surface in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, the maximal wheezing was observed on the anterior surface of the neck and less intense wheezing was heard over the lungs. Electronic auscultation found mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs and over the larynx in group 1; high-pitched wheezing over the larynx and mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs in groups 2 and 3. Score of dyspnea according to the Borg scale was highest in the asthma-plus group – 4,8 (5,2 – 6,5) points, and lowest in the 1st group – 4,2 (3,7 – 4,9) points. The sensation of wheezing is maximal in VCD – 7,1 (6,5 – 7,9) points. The scores of symptoms of VCD were strongly correlated with the intensity of wheezing, dyspnea, and AFC of wheezing. Spirometry was close to normal in the group of patients with VCD; obstructive disorders were noted in groups 1 and 2. Transnasal laryngoscopy demonstrated paradoxical movement of the vocal cords during inspiration in groups 2 and 3. The triggers of episodes of VCD in the subjects were numerous; vocal loads predominated. Specific treatment of VCD in groups 2 and 3 improved the respiratory performance significantly.

Conclusion. The primary diagnosis of asthma cannot be made without an examination for VCD. Psychological questionnaires and VCD questionnaires should be used. It is important to use electronic auscultation over the larynx for diagnosis. Correction of treatment in accordance with VCD in patients with asthma can significantly reduce the doses of inhaled and oral corticosteroids.
Smoke-related interstitial fibrosis – a case report
Authors: Samsonova M. V. , Mikhailichenko K. Yu. , Cherniaev A. L. , Chernyak A. V. , Karchevskaya N. A.
Published: August 2022

Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is a recently described disease which is common finding in a long-term cigarette smokers.

Aim. To acquaint readers with relatively unknown interstitial disease. We describe a case of a smoking patient with a long smoking history and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and lung who complained of an unproductive cough, sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty in nasal breathing, and shortness of breath during exercise. Obstructive disorders, lung hyperinflation, and a severe decrease in diffusion capacity reflected the signs of severe emphysema in combination with fibrotic changes found by high resolution computed tomography (CT). X-ray picture and characteristic histological changes made it possible to diagnose SRIF.

Conclusion. Diagnostics of the disease should be based on CT-signs, histologic picture and functional data. The prognosis is relatively favorable.
Evaluating the efficacy of urinary trypsinogen-2 Dipstick test in diagnosing acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tamang Manita , Sethy Manoj Kumar , Soren Dhirendra Nath , Subedhi Jaganath , Krishna M Sivarama
Published: August 2022

Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a very common cause of acute abdomen in emergency department. The disease may vary from mild self-limiting symptoms to multi organ failure and has high mortality rate. Although most of the cases are treated by mild symptomatic treatment but severe cases require intensive monitoring, so early diagnosis and goal directed treatment is very essential to reduce mortality and morbidity of disease.

The present study aims to know the efficacy of urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test in early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

The prospective study sample included 98 patients who were presented to emergency department of Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College & Hospital (MKCGMCH), Berhampur between August 2018 and July 2020 with acute severe pain abdomen suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Urine sample were obtained and results were recorded. Blood sample of all the patients were sent for serum amylase, lipase. Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 dipstick test, based on principle of immunochromatographic, was done at the time of admission and serum amylase and lipase were sent for all patients. Serum Lipase was done through Calorimetric Method and Serum Amylase was done through Coupled Enzymatic Assay Method. Ultrasonography (USG) and Contrast-Enhanced Computed tomography (CECT) abdomen were sent after 4-5 days of admission and final diagnosis was made on the basis of CECT report.

Of 98 patients, 47 cases were final diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis. Sensitivity and specificity of Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 was found to be 91.48% and 94.11% respectively and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was found to be 93.47% and 92.30% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Serum Amylase was found to be 76.5%, 74.5%, 74.5% and 74.5% respectively and similarly, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was found to be 80.85%, 72.5%, 73.1% and 80.4% respectively.

Urinary Trypsinogen (UT)-2 Dipstick test has high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV and therefore can be used reliably in emergency setting for diagnosis and thereby start a goal directed treatment and thus, reduce the mortality and morbidity of the disease.
A study of histopathological analysis and clinico-pathological correlation of leprosy in urban industrial area
Authors: Sawaimul Komal D , Kambale Tushar , Jain Kanika , Gore C R
Published: August 2022

Leprosy is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with a prevalence rate corresponded to 0.2/10000. Skin and peripheral nerves are mainly affected exhibiting spectrum of clinical and histopathological features based on the immunological status of the individual. The diagnosis is made from adequate clinical information combined with histopathology.

The aim of study to asses the clinical and histopathological features and there correlation in diagnosing the cases of leprosy.

A cross-sectional study of 2 years was conducted on 99 cases of skin biopsies histopathologically diagnosed with leprosy. Adequate clinical history was obtained and biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and modified Fite Faraco stain. A clinicopathological correlation was then attempted along with statistical analysis.

Out of the total 99 leprosy cases, maximum cases (34.34%) belonged to third decade of life with Male to Female ratio of 1.75:1. About 58.59% of the total cases of leprosy showed decreased sensations and nerve thickening was seen in 79.80% cases. Clinically, 45.46% lesions were erythematous plaques. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy (31.68%) was the most frequently diagnosed subtype of leprosy. Evaluation of agreement and correlation between clinical and histopathological classification of leprosy showed an overall agreement of 57.57%. Correlation was more in stable poles i.e. TT tuberculoid pole (TT) and lepromatous pole (LL). 

Leprosy is still a prevalent disease which raises the concern about therapeutic approaches and various health programmes.  It may not have a classical clinical picture always. Many factors contribute in clinicopathological discordance. Hence, diagnostic efficacy can be improved by clinic- histopathological corroboration which includes morphological examination of the skin lesion along with proper clinical history and correlation of these findings with histopathological examination findings.
Role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in evaluation of leucoerythroblastic blood picture
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Hans Deepa , Naz Navneet
Published: August 2022

Leucoerythroblastosis was considered as a circulating expression of haematological and non-haematological malignancies. However many benign conditions are also associated with leucoerythroblastosis such as hemolytic anaemia, marked infections and congestive cardiac failure, etc. So the study was performed to determine the various causes of leucoerythroblastic blood picture on bone marrow examination.

The current retrospective diagnostic analytical study was performed in the hematology section of post graduate department of pathology over a period of one year. 80 patients with leucoerythroblastic picture on peripheral blood film (PBF), who were subjected to bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy were included in the study. The findings were documented on a predefined performa and results tabulated.

Majority of cases were seen in 21-30 years age group (25%) with male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Non-neoplastic disorders accounted for majority of cases (65%) while neoplastic lesions were seen in 35% cases. Megaloblastic anaemia was the commonest neo-neoplastic etiology while acute leukemia was the commonest neoplastic disorder in the present study.

Leucoerythroblastosis represents disordered marrow function and is reflected in PBF. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy help in establishing early diagnosis and management of the underlying condition.
A clinical study of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in myopia-An observational study
Authors: Swain Suresh Chandra , Mohapatra Sumita , Jena Debasmita
Published: August 2022

The Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma causing irreversible blindness. Myopia is one of the risk factor responsible for pathogenesis of glaucoma. The association between myopia and primary open angle glaucoma has been found in numerous case studies. The aim of the study to evaluate the relationship of myopia in primary open-angle glaucoma by classifying the eyes into low, moderate and high myopia.

This prospective study was performed on 1414 axial myopic patients more > 18 years. Clinical examination included, slit-lamp biomicriscopy, Goldman applanation tonometry, refraction, dilated optic disc assessment, central corneal thickness, visual field analysis and optical coherence tonography.

Out of 1414 patients, 769(54.38%) were male and 645(45.62%) were female. Low myopia (<-3D) cases are 938(66.32%), moderate myopia (-3D to -D) 309(21.88%), high myopia (>-6D), 107(11.8%). Maximum number of cases were in younger age group (20-30 years). Intraoccular Pressure > 21mmHg in 143 cases of low myopia, 78 cases in moderate myopia, 72 cases in high myopia. There were 138 cases with glaucomatous field changes. Out of 138 cases 86(62.32%) were high myopia, 35(25.36%) were moderate myopia and 17(10.8%) cases were low myopia. The CUP-DISC ratio <0.5 in 75.95% cases, 0.5-<0.9 in 20.37% cases, >0.9 in 3.68% cases. The average values of circumpapilary Nerve Fiber Layer thickness in micrometer of low myopia, moderate myopia, high myopia, with non-glaucomatous cases were 98.9, 97.3, 93.5 and with glaucomatous cases, 74.4, 73.7 and 73.3 respectively. The average values of Ganglion Cell Complex thickness in micrometer in low, moderate and high myopia without glaucoma were 94.9, 93.5, 92.7 and with glaucoma 77.3, 74.6, 70.2 respectively.

This study shows there is strong relationship between myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma. Early detection of glaucoma in myopic patients is necessary in delaying blindness.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a comorbidity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manjeri, Kerala
Authors: Balan Prejeesh , Kumar Santhosh
Published: August 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a comorbidity among pulmonary tuberculosis patients is less studied in south India.

To determine the proportion of Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manjeri Tuberculosis Unit who have COPD as a co-morbidity.

Study design -Cross sectional study. Study setting -Manjeri Tuberculosis unit of Malapuram district. Study population -All diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered in the Manjeri Tuberculosis unit of Malapuram district. Sample size-178 patients satisfying inclusion criteria. Study tools- Questionnaire – A structured questionnaire used for collecting the basic demographic data and patient characteristics. COPD screener tool to be applied at the start of treatment. Pulmonary function test at end of intensive phase in patients or when patients are sputum smear negative, whichever is later.

Of the total 181 persons who participated in the study 114[62.98%] were males. 35[19.34%] were smokers. 70 persons reported to have some form of chronic respiratory illness in the past. By using the COPD screener tool, 70 persons [38.89%] had score from 5 to 10 implying that they had high chance of having COPD. Spirometry was done for 174 persons. 31(17.81%) persons showed evidence of obstructive airway disease.

The prevalence of COPD among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 17.81%. In a high tuberculosis burden country like India, more studies are needed to find out how COPD in tuberculosis patients adversely affects the disease progression, morbidity, and mortality.
Comparative study of ECG profile changes in healthy smokers and non-smokers
Authors: N Srikanth , Kumar Abhinav
Published: August 2022

The nicotine present in the cigarette smoke induces conduction block, acts as a cardiac A-type potassium channels blockers and increase the ventricular fibril formation which also changes the cardiac electric impulses usually assessed via electrocardiogram (ECG).

The present study aims to evaluate and compare the ECG profile change in seemingly fit smokers and non-smokers.

The present study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, for two years involved 148 patients evaluated for different parameters heart rate, the PR interval, QRS complex QTc (corrected QT interval) using a 12 lead ECG. P-value < 0.05 denotes statistical significance.

All the patients were male and the mean age was comparable in non-smoking group (NS) vs smoking group (S) (29.26±5.90 vs. 30.42±6.19 years; p=0.244). Mean systolic (127.43 ± 7.29 (S) vs. 123.03 ± 6.96 (NS) mm Hg; p<0.001) and diastolic BP (80.08 ± 5.15 (S) vs. 77.32 ± 5.76 (NS) mm Hg; p=0.003) were significantly high in smokers. Prolonged QTc interval was noted in 47.30% of the individuals of group S (p<0.001). The mean pulse, QTi, and QTc were significantly high in group S (p<0.001) while the mean respiratory rate (RR) interval was significantly low (p<0.001). There was an increasing trend in terms of pulse, QTi, and QTc based upon increased smoking index while PR interval was significantly high in mild smokers compared to moderate and heavy smokers (p<0.001).

Smokers show abnormalities in the ECG profile that may eventually increase the risk of incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Dermal ridge patterns of palms of children with congenital heart diseases in comparison to normal children: A case control study
Authors: C Shivaleela , GV Kumar , ST Chethan , S Lakshmiprabha
Published: August 2022

The dermatoglyphic patterns of dermal ridges that constitute human fingerprint are formed during the early intra‑uterine life, between 7th and 21st week of gestation and mature at about seventh month of fetal development. Dermatoglyphics, once matured, remain unchanged throughout the life of an individual and are not influenced either by environmental or by age‑related factors. The heart and cardiovascular system develop between 4th weeks to 4th month of intrauterine life. So, any defect in heart development by any reason may affect development of dermal ridges.

To study and compare the quantitative parameters of palmar dermatoglyphics of normal children with those of congenital heart diseases.

It was a case control study conducted at Basaveshwara Hospital, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga and Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology, Bangalore.

Children having congenital heart diseases (cyanotic and acyanotic) proven by echo-cardiography.

Children with doubtful congenital heart diseases, Children with acquired heart diseases, Children with deformities of the hand.

It is a Case-control study consisting 100 congenital heart disease patients and 100 controls. The atd angle in right and left hand, a-b ridge count in right and left hand of congenital heart disease children were significantly increased when compared to the normal children with p-value < 0.001. Distribution of Simian crease and Sydney line is statistically similar in two groups of children with p=1.000

Dermatoglyphics can be used as a predictive indicator about congenital cardiac diseases in population studies, easy to carry out with minimum time and expenses.
A study of critical value analysis at hematology and biochemistry sections of laboratory in a multispeciality hospital
Authors: H.V Shubha
Published: August 2022

The issue of laboratory critical value (CV) reporting has gained importance in the recent times due to the national focus on patient safety. Critical value notification (CVN) has become an essential part of accreditation procedures for medical laboratories, including the universally accepted International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189: 2012.

Our study aimedto analyze the critical value data in hematology and biochemistry sections of the laboratory, to compare the frequencies of critical values for different parameters and to suggest measures for improving the effectiveness and operational efficiency of the critical value notification process.

Our study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study done over a period of one year six months (January 2020 to June 2021). The parameters chosen for CVN included platelets, hemoglobin and International Normalized Ratio (INR) from hematology section and creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium from the biochemistry section. A test result that was significantly outside the normal range and that required immediate communication was considered as a “critical value (CV)”. Both verbal (through telephone) and non-verbal [through short message service (SMS)] communication processes for CVN were implemented in our lab. We also followed the practice of CV “read-back” by the person who was informed over the phone.

A total of 2199 critical values were reported. A maximum of 1224 (55.7%) critical values were recorded from the emergency department. CVs were highest from biochemistry (1898, 86.3%) section. Analyte most commonly notified was creatinine (1151, 52.3%). CVNs were maximum in the morning shifts (1378, 62.7%).

Implementation of the critical alert short message service (SMS) send outs has greatly helped us in reducing the CV turn around time (TAT). Our study has successfully demonstrated the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication processes for notification of CVs.
Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico, deterioro cognitivo y su posible asociación en adultos mayores de una clínica de la Ciudad de México 2016
Authors: Esquivel Salgado Maria Magdalena , Olivares Luna Ana María , Pedraza Avilés Alberto González
Published: August 2022

Introducción: el hipotiroidismo se ha asociado con deterioro cognitivo, así como con reducción en la calidad de vida; sin embargo, existe controversia al respecto porque la evidencia es contradictoria. El hipotiroidismo parece provocar alteraciones en el estado cognitivo y en el estado de ánimo en adultos mayores, por lo que se requieren estudios para establecer dicha asociación y de esta manera evaluar el tratamiento sustitutivo hormonal. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico, deterioro cognitivo en el adulto mayor y su posible asociación en pacientes adultos mayores. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo, y analítico, realizado en el módulo de gerontología en la Clínica Medicina Familiar “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Ciudad De México, de junio a noviembre de 2016. Se realizó muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó el examen Mini mental para deterioro cognitivo. Se enviaron las muestras de sangre al laboratorio para la realización de pruebas de función tiroidea. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba de chi cuadrado de independencia con nivel de significancia de 0,05. Se utilizó el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 22. Resultados: se estudiaron 120 adultos mayores con un promedio de edad de 78,2 años. El 35,8% de los pacientes presentaron hipotiroidismo subclínico, y el 63% presentó algún grado de deterioro cognitivo. Al asociar estas variables, no se obtuvo significancia estadística (p=0,556). Conclusiones: este estudio demuestra una alta prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico y de deterioro cognitivo en la población de estudio, sin que se haya presentado asociación entre ambas variables. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(3):21-25.
Cabestrillos uretrales en el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en mujeres
Authors: Suárez-Cadena Fabio Camilo , García Jenny Carolina , Torres Karen Lorena
Published: August 2022

La incontinencia urinaria es considerada un problema higiénico y social; la OMS estima que unos 200 millones de personas sufren de incontinencia urinaria. La primera línea de manejo es el tratamiento médico; sin embargo, cuando no hay mejoría o cuando la incontinencia es severa, el Gold Standard es el tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la implantación de cabestrillos uretrales. Los cabestrillos disponibles en la actualidad son los minicabestrillos y los cabestrillos mediouretrales estándar que incluyen las técnicas retropúbicas y transobturadoras. Por tal motivo, se realizó una revisión con el objetivo de brindar información sobre las tasas de curación, los tipos de técnicas de implantación, complicaciones e impacto en la calidad de vida de los cabestrillos uretrales como tratamiento para la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo no complicada en mujeres. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(3):37-45.
Elementos genésicos da língua portuguesa
Authors: Ribeiro Júlio
Published: August 2022

Texto de Júlio Ribeiro sobre a origem da língua portuguesa publicado originalmente como artigo avulso na Revista do Brasil, em 1898.
O processo de Organização Intertópica em editoriais de jornais paulistas do século XXI
Authors: Gomes Garcia Aline
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, analisamos a Organização Tópica, um dos processos de construção textual distinguidos pela Gramática Textual-Interativa, em editoriais de jornais paulistas do século XXI. Mais especificamente, investigamos um dos níveis de funcionamento desse processo, a organização intertópica, avaliando a quantidade de tópicos discursivos mais específicos, de Quadros Tópicos (QT) e de níveis de hierarquização tópica por editorial, além das formas de linearização envolvidas na passagem de um Segmento Tópico mínimo a outro. Para cumprir com esse objetivo, examinamos 25 editoriais dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo e utilizamos o método de análise tópica, que possibilita a análise textual com base na categoria do tópico discursivo. Assim, demonstramos que os editoriais se caracterizam pela alta predominância de três tópicos, de um QT e de dois níveis hierárquicos por editorial e também pela quase exclusividade da continuidade como forma de linearização, resultados que podem ser relacionados ao fato de o editorial ser um gênero de padrões estruturais bastante fixos.
Fala>Ala: implicações mútuas entre fala e escrita na consolidação da consciência fonológica
Authors: Lopes de Melo Marcelo Alexandre Silva , Da Silva Anderson Xavier
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho buscou investigar a relação entre o processo de aprendizagem da escrita e conhecimento fonológico dos falantes. Morais et al (1979) e Read et al (1986) observaram o desempenho de indivíduos em tarefas de segmentação de palavras e observaram que falantes que tiveram contato com a escrita alfabética tiveram melhor desempenho nas tarefas de segmentar sons das palavras do que falantes não-alfabetizados ou que tiveram exposição apenas à escrita ideográfica. Cristófaro-Silva e Guimarães (2013) sugerem que fala e escrita se implicam mutuamente, estando as duas modalidades em constante interação na construção da representação mental e, consequentemente, na emergência e consolidação da consciência linguística. A fim de investigar a relação entre a aprendizagem da escrita alfabética e o conhecimento linguístico dos falantes, um teste de segmentação de palavras com a metodologia semelhante à de Morais et al (1979) foi aplicado a estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) com diferentes graus de contato com a escrita. Para análise dos resultados, foram adotados os pressupostos dos Modelos Baseados no Uso, segundo os quais as experiências dos falantes têm impacto na construção do conhecimento linguístico. As respostas dos participantes foram submetidas a um modelo de regressão logística multinominal e os resultados mostraram uma forte correlação entre o grau de escolaridade – tomado como parâmetro para medir o grau de contato e domínio da escrita – e resposta à tarefa do teste. A partir dos resultados obtidos, argumenta-se em favor da dinamicidade da consciência linguística, sendo possível admitir que, assim como a fala interfere na aprendizagem da escrita, a construção da consciência fonológica é afetada pela aprendizagem do sistema de escrita alfabética. Assim, um maior domínio da escrita favorece não só a habilidade de segmentar palavras, como também consolidação – e r obustez – da consciência fonológica.