bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of nanosilibinin in valproic acid‐zebrafish model of autism spectrum disorder: Focusing on Wnt signaling pathway and autism spectrum disorder‐related cytokines
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Zarifkar Asadollah , Mirzaei Esmaeil , Dianatpour Mehdi , Dara Mahintaj , Aligholi Hadi
Published: July 2024

In this study, we delved into the intricate world of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its connection to the disturbance in the Wnt signaling pathway and immunological abnormalities. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of silibinin, a remarkable modulator of both the Wnt signaling pathway and the immune system, on the neurobehavioral and molecular patterns observed in a zebrafish model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA). Because silibinin is a hydrophobic molecule and highly insoluble in water, it was used in the form of silibinin nanoparticles (nanosilibinin, NS). After assessing survival, hatching rate, and morphology of zebrafish larvae exposed to different concentrations of NS, the appropriate concentrations were chosen. Then, zebrafish embryos were exposed to VPA (1 μM) and NS (100 and 200 μM) at the same time for 120 h. Next, anxiety and inattentive behaviors and the expression of CHD8, CTNNB, GSK3beta, LRP6, TNFalpha, IL1beta, and BDNF genes were assessed 7 days post fertilization. The results indicated that higher concentrations of NS had adverse effects on survival, hatching, and morphological development. The concentrations of 100 and 200 μM of NS could ameliorate the anxiety‐like behavior and learning deficit and decrease ASD‐related cytokines (IL1beta and TNFalpha) in VPA‐treated larvae. In addition, only 100 μM of NS prevented raising the gene expression of Wnt signaling‐related factors (CHD8, CTNNB, GSK3beta, and LRP6). In conclusion, NS treatment for the first 120 h showed therapeutic effect on an autism‐like phenotype probably via reducing the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines genes and changing the expression of Wnt signaling components genes.
AAV gene replacement therapy for treating MPS IIIC: Facilitating bystander effects via EV‐mRNA cargo
Authors: Bobo Tierra A. , Robinson Michael , Tofade Christopher , Sokolski‐Papkov Marina , Nichols Peter , Vorobiov Stephen , Fu Haiyan
Published: July 2024

MPS IIIC is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in heparan‐α‐glucosaminide N‐acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), for which no treatment is available. Because HGSNAT is a trans‐lysosomal‐membrane protein, gene therapy for MPS IIIC needs to transduce as many cells as possible for maximal benefits. All cells continuously release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and communicate by exchanging biomolecules via EV trafficking. To address the unmet need, we developed a rAAV‐hHGSNATEV vector with an EV‐mRNA‐packaging signal in the 3′UTR to facilitate bystander effects, and tested it in an in vitro MPS IIIC model. In human MPS IIIC cells, rAAV‐hHGSNATEV enhanced HGSNAT mRNA and protein expression, EV‐hHGSNAT‐mRNA packaging, and cleared GAG storage. Importantly, incubation with EVs led to hHGSNAT protein expression and GAG contents clearance in recipient MPS IIIC cells. Further, rAAV‐hHGSNATEV transduction led to the reduction of pathological EVs in MPS IIIC cells to normal levels, suggesting broader therapeutic benefits. These data demonstrate that incorporating the EV‐mRNA‐packaging signal into a rAAV‐hHGSNAT vector enhances EV packaging of hHGSNAT‐mRNA, which can be transported to non‐transduced cells and translated into functional rHGSNAT protein, facilitating cross‐correction of disease pathology. This study supports the therapeutic potential of rAAVEV for MPS IIIC, and broad diseases, without having to transduce every cell.
Extracellular vesicles originating from melanoma cells promote dysregulation in haematopoiesis as a component of cancer immunoediting
Authors: Mamand Doste R. , Bazaz Safa , Mohammad Dara K. , Liang Xiuming , Pavlova Svetlana , Mim Carsten , Gabrielsson Susanne , Nordin Joel Z. , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Abedi‐Valugerdi Manuchehr , EL‐Andaloussi Samir
Published: June 2024

Haematopoiesis dysregulation with the presence of immature myeloid and erythroid immunosuppressive cells are key characteristics of the immune escape phase of tumour development. Here, the role of in vitro generated B16F10 tumour cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) as indirect cellular communicators, participating in tumour‐induced dysregulation of haematopoiesis, was explored. The isolated tEVs displayed features of small EVs with a size range of 100–200 nm, expressed the common EV markers CD63, CD9, and Alix, and had a spherical shape with a lipid bilayer membrane. Proteomic profiling revealed significant levels of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin, and tissue factor, associated with the tEVs. Systemic administration of these tEVs in syngeneic mice induced splenomegaly and disrupted haematopoiesis, leading to extramedullary haematopoiesis, expansion of splenic immature erythroid progenitors, reduced bone marrow cellularity, medullary expansion of granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells, and the development of anaemia. These effects closely mirrored those observed in tumour‐bearing mice and were not seen after heat inactivating the tEVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that tEVs independently induced the expansion of bone marrow granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells and B cells while reducing the frequency of cells in the erythropoietic lineage. These effects of tEVs were significantly abrogated by the blockade of VEGF or heat inactivation. Our findings underscore the important role of tEVs in dysregulating haematopoiesis during the immune escape phase of cancer immunoediting, suggesting their potential as targets for addressing immune evasion and reinstating normal hematopoietic processes.
A multidisciplinary program to wean infants and toddlers from long‐term tube feeding: Lessons learned from a retrospective study
Authors: Beeri Maurit , Dror Tal , Weiss Patrice L. , Blinder Judith N.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Children maintain growth and development by ingesting adequate calories and nutrients, typically achieved via oral intake of food and liquids. When unable to eat and drink orally, they need temporary or permanent enteral nutritional support via nasogastric, nasoduodenal, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy tubes. The objectives of this retrospective study are to describe lessons learned from operating a weaning program at ALYN Hospital for over a decade, the characteristics of the patient population (gender, age, medical condition, and type of tube feeding and hospitalization), and which of these characteristics correlate with successful weaning.

Methods

Data were obtained from the hospital's secure database of 82 infants and toddlers, 37 boys (45.4%) and 45 girls (54.9%) aged 3 months to 10.8 years who took part in a tube feeding intervention from 2011 to 2020. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to characterize the participants and their responses to the program.

Results

Fifty‐one children (62.2%) were less than 2 years, 26 children (31.7%) were 2–4.11 years, and only 5 children were aged 5 years (6.1%) and older. Fifty‐six children were successfully weaned from tube feeding, 9 children were eventually successful, but the process took longer than anticipated, 11 children were partially weaned and 6 were not successfully weaned.

Conclusions

These results are discussed within the context of a successful weaning program related to participant characteristics (medical condition, age, gender, and weight), and subsequent recommendations are offered related to the intervention setting, duration, and intensity; redefining success in weaning and the need for long‐term follow‐up.
Terpenoids from quinoa reverse drug resistance of colon cancer by upregulating miR‐495‐3p
Authors: Feng Mangmang , Fan Xiaxia , Shi Jiangying , Shan Shuhua , Li Songtao , He Shuiling , Ding Man , Li Zhuoyu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Quinoa contains far more nutrients than any traditional grain crop. It is known that terpenoids in quinoa have anti‐inflammatory and antitumor effects, but their role in reversing drug resistance remains unclear.

RESULTS

Our previous studies showed that quinoa‐derived terpenoid compounds (QBT) can inhibit the occurrence and development of colon cancer. This study further indicates that QBT markedly reverse drug resistance of colon cancer. The results showed that QBT combined with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) treatment significantly enhanced the chemotherapy sensitivity of HCT‐8/Fu, compared with 5‐Fu treatment alone. Moreover, we found that QBT significantly reduced the expression of drug‐resistant proteins (P‐gp, MRP1, BCRP), and increased the accumulation of chemotherapy drugs. Taking P‐gp as the target for biogenesis prediction analysis, results showed that upregulation of miR‐495‐3p enhanced the chemosensitivity of drug‐resistant HCT‐8/Fu cells. Besides, the results showed that miR‐495‐3p was abnormally methylated in HCT‐8/Fu compared with HCT‐8 colon cancer cells. The expression of methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b was abnormal. After QBT treatment, the expression level of methyltransferases returned to normal. In addition, the QBT + 5Fu group showed inhibition of tumors in nude mice.

CONCLUSION

QBT treatment downregulated the expression of drug‐resistant protein P‐gp by inhibiting the methylation of miR‐495‐3p, and enhanced the accumulation of 5‐Fu in vivo, which in turn reversed its chemoresistance. This suggests that QBT has potential ability as a new drug‐resistance reversal agent in colorectal cancer. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pediatric head and neck trauma in the United States: Trends, risk factors and outcomes using the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Sarathy Ashwini , Benson Jamie , Nguyen Kenny , Amato Stas , Sajisevi Mirabelle , Ostby Erin T.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Pediatric head and neck (HN) trauma is an important contributor to pediatric morbidity, resulting in significant downstream consequences. Few studies provide epidemiological predictors of pediatric HN trauma on a national scale. The present study aims to identify risk factors of HN injury and mortality in the pediatric population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients (age <18 years) using the US National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB 2007–2019). Demographic, injury, and physiologic outcome data were analyzed. HN injury was defined as a head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) >0. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of mortality following HN trauma.

Results

Of the 1.42 million pediatric patients analyzed, 44.05% had HN injury. In patients aged 0–4, the most common mechanism was falls (47.67% in this age group) while in ages 14–17, motor vehicle/transport accidents (MVTs) were the most common mechanism (56.06%). Controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and injury severity, HN injury was associated with increased odds of mortality (OR 2.404, 95% CI 1.530–3.778). HN injury mortality was strongly predicted by firearm exposure (OR 11.28, 95% CI 6.074–20.95), age <4 (OR 1.179, 95% CI 1.071–1.299), and self‐insured status (OR 1.977, 95% CI 1.811–2.157).

Conclusion

NTDB data demonstrate that the percentage of pediatric patients with HN trauma has decreased over the past 12 years although is associated with increased odds of mortality. Age and insurance status predicted mortality from HN trauma, with falls and MVTs being the most common mechanisms of injury. These data have implications for future public health efforts in this patient population.

Level of Evidence

3.
Some remarks on the Kp,1$\mathcal {K}_{p,1}$ theorem
Authors: Kim Yeongrak , Moon Hyunsuk , Park Euisung
Published: July 2024

Let be a non‐degenerate projective irreducible variety of dimension , degree , and codimension over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Let be the th graded Betti number of . Green proved the celebrating ‐theorem about the vanishing of for high values for and potential examples of nonvanishing graded Betti numbers. Later, Nagel–Pitteloud and Brodmann–Schenzel classified varieties with nonvanishing . It is clear that when there is an ‐dimensional variety of minimal degree containing , however, this is not always the case as seen in the example of the triple Veronese surface in .

In this paper, we completely classify varieties with nonvanishing such that does not lie on an ‐dimensional variety of minimal degree. They are exactly cones over smooth del Pezzo varieties, whose Picard number is .
Organoids in gastrointestinal diseases: from bench to clinic
Authors: Wang Qinying , Guo Fanying , Zhang Qinyuan , Hu TingTing , Jin YuTao , Yang Yongzhi , Ma Yanlei
Published: June 2024

The etiology of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is intricate and multifactorial, encompassing complex interactions between genetic predisposition and gut microbiota. The cell fate change, immune function regulation, and microenvironment composition in diseased tissues are governed by microorganisms and mutated genes either independently or through synergistic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of GI disease etiology is imperative for developing precise prevention and treatment strategies. However, the existing models used for studying the microenvironment in GI diseases—whether cancer cell lines or mouse models—exhibit significant limitations, which leads to the prosperity of organoids models. This review first describes the development history of organoids models, followed by a detailed demonstration of organoids application from bench to clinic. As for bench utilization, we present a layer‐by‐layer elucidation of organoid simulation on host–microbial interactions, as well as the application in molecular mechanism analysis. As for clinical adhibition, we provide a generalized interpretation of organoid application in GI disease simulation from inflammatory disorders to malignancy diseases, as well as in GI disease treatment including drug screening, immunotherapy, and microbial‐targeting and screening treatment. This review draws a comprehensive and systematical depiction of organoids models, providing a novel insight into the utilization of organoids models from bench to clinic.
Prevalence of Late‐Stage Parkinson's Disease in the US Healthcare System: Insights from TriNetX
Authors: De Jesus Sol , Daya Annika , Blumberger Liba , Lewis Mechelle M. , Leslie Doug , Tabbal Samer D. , Dokholyan Rachel , Snyder Amanda M. , Mailman Richard B. , Huang Xuemei
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients in late‐stage Parkinson's disease (PDLS) are caregiver‐dependent, have low quality of life, and higher healthcare costs.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of PDLS patients in the current US healthcare system.

Methods

We downloaded the 2010–2022 data from the TriNetX Diamond claims network that consists of 92 US healthcare sites. PD was identified using standard diagnosis codes, and PDLS was identified by the usage of wheelchair dependence, personal care assistance, and/or presence of diagnoses of dementia. Age of PDLS identification and survival information were obtained and stratified by demographic and the disability subgroups.

Results

We identified 1,031,377 PD patients in the TriNetX database. Of these, 18.8% fitted our definition of PDLS (n = 194,297), and 10.2% met two or more late‐stage criteria. Among all PDLS, the mean age of PDLS identification was 78.1 (±7.7) years, and 49% were already reported as deceased. PDLS patients were predominantly male (58.5%) with similar distribution across PDLS subgroups. The majority did not have race (71%) or ethnicity (69%) information, but for the available information >90% (n = 53,162) were White, 8.2% (n = 5121) Hispanic/Latino, 7.8% (n = 4557) Black, and <0.01% (n = 408) Asian. Of the PDLS cohort, 71.6% identified with dementia, 12.9% had personal care assistance, and 4.8% were wheelchair‐bound.

Conclusions

Late‐stage patients are a significant part of the PD landscape in the current US healthcare system, and largely missed by traditional motor‐based disability staging. It is imperative to include this population as a clinical, social, and research priority. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A novel variant in the FLCN gene in a Chinese family with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome
Authors: Miao He , Zhou Yulin , Ge Silun , Gu Yufeng , Qu Le , Zhou Wenquan , He Haowei
Published: July 2024

Background

This study aimed to identify disease‐causing variants within a Chinese family affected by Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS), which arises from an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern attributed to variants in the folliculin (FLCN) gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor gene.

Methods

A Chinese proband diagnosed with BHDS due to renal tumors underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS), revealing a novel variant in the FLCN gene. Sanger sequencing was subsequently performed on blood samples obtained from family members to confirm the presence of this variant.

Results

A novel germline frameshift variant (NM_144997.5:c.977dup) was identified in five individuals among the screened family members, marking the first report of this variant. Additionally, a somatic frameshift variant (NM_144997.5:c.1252del) was detected in the renal tumors of the proband. No variant was detected in unaffected family members.

Conclusions

A novel heterozygous variant was identified in exon 9 of the FLCN gene, which broadens the spectrum of FLCN variants. We recommend that molecular analysis of the FLCN gene be performed in patients with suspected BHDS and their families.
Indirect stabilization of locally weakly coupled second‐order evolution systems of hyperbolic type
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Trad Farah , Wehbe Ali
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this work is to investigate the stabilization of locally weakly coupled second‐order evolution equations of hyperbolic type, where only one of the two equations is directly damped. As such system cannot be exponentially stable, we are interested in polynomial energy decay rates. Our main contributions concern strong abstract and polynomial stability properties based on stability properties of two auxiliary problems: the sole damped equation and the second equation with a damping related to the coupling operator. The main novelty is that the polynomial energy decay rates are obtained in different important situations not covered before; let us mention the case of a coupling operator not partially coercive and not necessarily bounded. The main tools are the use of the frequency domain approach combined with new multipliers technique based on the solutions of the resolvent equations of the two auxiliary problems mentioned before. Finally, our abstract framework is illustrated by several concrete examples not treated before.
When parenteral nutrition is the answer: The case of pediatric intestinal rehabilitation
Authors: Kaenkumchorn Tanyaporn K. , Lampone Olivia , Huebner Kayla , Cramer Jesse , Karls Catherine
Published: July 2024

In pediatric patients with intestinal failure, parenteral nutrition is lifesaving but also has several associated risks. The goals of intestinal rehabilitation include promoting growth, minimizing complications associated with intestinal failure, and reaching enteral autonomy, if possible. Pediatric intestinal rehabilitation programs are interdisciplinary teams that strive to provide optimal care for children dependent on parenteral nutrition. The provision of parenteral nutrition requires close monitoring of patients' growth, nutrition concerns, clinical status, and laboratory parameters. Recent advances in the field of intestinal rehabilitation include new lipid emulsions, considerations regarding enteral feeding, advances in micronutrient provision, and central venous catheter preservation techniques. Challenges in the field remain, including improving overall quality of life with home parenteral nutrition administration and preventing recently recognized complications such as chronic intestinal inflammation.
Data‐driven variational method for discrepancy modeling: Dynamics with small‐strain nonlinear elasticity and viscoelasticity
Authors: Masud Arif , Goraya Shoaib A.
Published: July 2024

The effective inclusion of a priori knowledge when embedding known data in physics‐based models of dynamical systems can ensure that the reconstructed model respects physical principles, while simultaneously improving the accuracy of the solution in the previously unseen regions of state space. This paper presents a physics‐constrained data‐driven discrepancy modeling method that variationally embeds known data in the modeling framework. The hierarchical structure of the method yields fine scale variational equations that facilitate the derivation of residuals which are comprised of the first‐principles theory and sensor‐based data from the dynamical system. The embedding of the sensor data via residual terms leads to discrepancy‐informed closure models that yield a method which is driven not only by boundary and initial conditions, but also by measurements that are taken at only a few observation points in the target system. Specifically, the data‐embedding term serves as residual‐based least‐squares loss function, thus retaining variational consistency. Another important relation arises from the interpretation of the stabilization tensor as a kernel function, thereby incorporating a priori knowledge of the problem and adding computational intelligence to the modeling framework. Numerical test cases show that when known data is taken into account, the data driven variational (DDV) method can correctly predict the system response in the presence of several types of discrepancies. Specifically, the damped solution and correct energy time histories are recovered by including known data in the undamped situation. Morlet wavelet analyses reveal that the surrogate problem with embedded data recovers the fundamental frequency band of the target system. The enhanced stability and accuracy of the DDV method is manifested via reconstructed displacement and velocity fields that yield time histories of strain and kinetic energies which match the target systems. The proposed DDV method also serves as a procedure for restoring eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a deficient dynamical system when known data is taken into account, as shown in the numerical test cases presented here.
Numerical integration in the virtual element method with the scaled boundary cubature scheme
Authors: Chin Eric B. , Dassi Franco , Manzini Gianmarco , Sukumar N.
Published: July 2024

The virtual element method (VEM) is a stabilized Galerkin method on meshes that consist of arbitrary (convex and nonconvex) polygonal and polyhedral elements. A crucial ingredient in the implementation of low‐ and high‐order VEM is the numerical integration of monomials and nonpolynomial functions over such elements. In this article, we apply the recently proposed scaled boundary cubature (SBC) scheme to compute the weak form integrals in various virtual element formulations over polygonal and polyhedral meshes. In doing so, we demonstrate the flexibility of the approach and the accuracy that it delivers on a broad suite of boundary‐value problems in 2D and 3D over polytopes with affine faces as well as on elements with curved boundaries. In addition, the use of the SBC scheme is exemplified in an enriched Poisson formulation of the VEM in which weakly singular functions are required to be integrated. This study establishes the SBC method as a simple, accurate and efficient integration scheme for use in the VEM.
Distributed optimal control of nonlinear multi‐agent systems based on integral reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Ying , Li Kewen , Li Yongming
Published: July 2024

In this article, a distributed optimal control approach is proposed for a class of affine nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with unknown nonlinear dynamics. The game theory is used to formulate the distributed optimal control problem into a differential graphical game problem with synchronized updates of all nodes. A data‐based integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm is used to learn the solution of the coupled Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) equation without prior knowledge of the drift dynamics, and the actor‐critic neural networks (A‐C NNs) are used to approximate the control law and the cost function, respectively. To update the parameters synchronously, the gradient descent algorithm is used to design the weight update laws of the A‐C NNs. Combining the IRL and the A‐C NNs, a distributed consensus optimal control method is designed. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, the developed optimal control method can show that all signals in the considered system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB), and the systems can achieve Nash equilibrium when all agents update their controllers simultaneously. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed optimal control approach.
The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Rates of Tympanostomy Tube Placement for Pediatric Otitis Media
Authors: Adams Jazzmyne A. , Flanary Valerie , Thomas Abigail , Tong Ling , Osinski Kristen , Luo Jake , Friedland David R.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To identify the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the rate of tympanostomy tube placement.

Study Design

Retrospective medical review and population‐level analyses.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

Demographic and population‐level characteristics (age, gender, race, insurance status, and ZIP code) compared to the regional, health system, and otolaryngology clinic demographics.

Results

Among 38,461 children diagnosed with otitis media (OM) 61.4% were white, 27.4% were black, 32.7% had private insurance, and 18.2% were Hispanic. Among patients seen in the pediatric ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinics, 70.0% were white, 20.0% were black, 46.6% had private insurance, and 14.9% were Hispanic. Further disparity was noted among those receiving tympanostomy tubes: 75.6% white, 15.6% black, 61.9% private insurance, and 11.7% Hispanic. Higher rates of tube placement were noted for those of white race [odds ratio, OR: 1.96, (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.85‐2.04), <.001] and non‐Hispanic ethnicity [OR: 1.67, (95% CI: 1.56‐1.75), <.001]. Geographically, rates of tube placement were significantly lower in areas with higher deprivation indices, areas with lower proportions of white residents, and areas with the lowest median incomes. These markers correlate strongly with black race and Hispanic ethnicity. Lower rates of tube placement were also seen in majority white locales with higher deprivation indices and lower median incomes.

Conclusion

Rates of access to pediatric ENT clinics, and of tube placement, are significantly lower for those of Hispanic ethnicity and black race than for non‐Hispanic white children. Higher rates of tube placement were noted among white children and those with private insurance. Lower rates of tube placement were seen in areas of lower SES regardless of racial demographics.
Episodes of acute methotrexate‐related neurotoxicity linked to compromised long‐term neurocognitive function
Authors: Harris Rachel D. , Taylor Olga A. , Raghubar Kimberly P. , Matheus Gonzalez Mariana , Zobeck Mark , Gramatges M. Monica , Rabin Karen R. , Scheurer Michael E. , Brown Austin L.
Published: July 2024

Methotrexate is a critical component of curative chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but is associated with neurotoxicity. Information on long‐term outcomes following an acute neurotoxic event is limited. Therefore, this report compares neurocognitive performance more than 12 months post diagnosis (mean = 4 years) between ALL patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 146) a history of acute neurotoxicity. Compared to children with no documented on‐treatment neurotoxic event, children who experienced a neurotoxic event during treatment exhibited poorer performance on measures of fine motor function (p = .02) and attention (p = .02). Children with ALL who experience acute neurotoxicity may be candidates for early neuropsychological screening and intervention.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome during induction chemotherapy in neuroblastoma, a rare phenomenon or common congenital predisposition?
Authors: Davitt Meghan , Offenbacher Rachel , Lee Michelle A. , Loeb David M. , Manwani Deepa , Mitchell William , Weiser Daniel A.
Published: July 2024

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a complement‐mediated thrombotic microangiopathy sometimes associated with germline variants in genes of the complement system. Clinical findings of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury arise due to aberrant complement protein activation in the circulation. A 13‐month‐old boy with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) developed aHUS during his first cycle of induction chemotherapy with germline testing revealing a complement factor H (CFH) gene mutation, currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Now he is in disease remission after successful complement blockade therapy, thus highlighting a unique presentation of aHUS in a patient with newly diagnosed NB.
Investigation on mechanical and acoustic properties of natural fiber‐based sustainable green resin hybrid composites
Authors: Marichelvam M. K. , Manimaran P. , Geetha M. , Khan Anish , Alzahrani Khalid A. , MKhalid Ibraheem A. , Hashem Mohamed
Published: July 2024

The use of natural fibers has been suggested by researchers for the purpose of promoting environmental sustainability. In this work, hybrid composites made of coir and banana fibers were fabricated by using both green resin and epoxy resin in the preparation of composites. Soybean oil is used in this work as the eco‐friendly resin. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the composites, a number of experiments were carried out including tensile, compression, hardness and impact tests. In addition, testing was done on the sound absorption qualities. Composites composed of green resins exhibit superior environmentally friendly characteristics and mechanical robustness in comparison to composites based on epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites exhibited superior performance compared to other hybrid composites. The additional mechanical qualities of the hybrid composites are noteworthy and serve as a driving force to pursue the development of specific applications.

Highlights

Hybrid composites exhibit superior mechanical properties.

The use of natural resin‐based composites is limited.

There is a potential scope for developing hybrid composites using natural fibers and resin for acoustic applications.
Tensile damage monitoring at different positions of double bolt structure by ultrafiltration membrane/buckypaper sensor
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xie Yunqi , Cui Xiaoyu , Lu Shaowei , Li Xingliang , Wang Ying , Li Wei , Hou Jilun , Wang Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2024

Multi‐bolted composite laminates are popular in various fields. Under different working conditions, it is a serious problem to produce different kinds and extent of damage at the joints. Real‐time monitoring of it is a challenging task. The objective of this artical is to use ultrafiltration membrane/buckypaper sensor to monitor the health status of the structure at different positions in the tensile environment. Firstly, the aperture ratio is selected by tensile test, and the feasibility of ultrafiltration membrane/buckypaper sensor to monitor the bolt structure and the different response degree to different strains are verified. Then, ultrafiltration membrane/buckypaper sensor layout position is designed, and the signal response of the sensor at different positions is analyzed. The damage degree and form of different bolts are visualized by ΔR/R0 change, and the SEM scanning diagram is used for auxiliary verification. The results show that The sensor can monitor the damage condition and damage form at different positions of the double bolt structure laminate in real time. Based on this method, it can be used to study the damage behavior of more complex multi‐bolt structure under tensile environment.

Highlights

Ultrafiltration membrane/buckypaper sensor was prepared by a simple and efficient process.

The pore structure of the ultrafiltration membrane integrates the sensor with the double bolt structure.

Monitor the different damage forms of double bolt structure caused by external load.

Monitor the different degrees of strain and crack propagation stage of the double bolt structure.
Reproducibility of the Optical Absorption Edge in Amorphous GeS2
Authors: Tanaka Keiji
Published: June 2024

Herein, poor reproducibility of optical absorption edges in GeS2 glasses and films is seen. Reported spectral positions of the absorption edge in melt‐quenched glasses spread over ≈0.2 eV at ħω ≈ 3 eV. In deposited films, the edge red‐shifts to ħω ≈ 2.5 eV showing wider variations of ≈1 eV. This work considers plausible reasons of such low, spectral reproducibility, with the aid of ab initio molecular orbital analyses of Ge–S clusters and known insights on optical gaps, electron‐spin‐resonance signals, and structural data. The variation in the glass is likely to be governed by several factors including compositional fluctuation, edge/corner‐shared configurations, wrong bonds, and intimate valence‐alternation pairs. The conspicuous red‐shift in the films seems to be affected also by neutral dangling bonds.
Comprehensive Modeling of High‐Performance All‐Inorganic Cs2TiBr6‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Thiyyakkandy Jasil , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Vinturaj Valippurath , Garg Vivek , Prabhu Sudheendra , Pandey Sushil Kumar
Published: July 2024

The perovskites are desirable materials for photovoltaic and other renewable green energy technologies. Lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSC) have recently gained considerable attention due to the abrupt rise in power conversion efficiency, but lead's well‐known toxicity prevents its large‐scale commercialization. One compelling option is Cs2TiBr6, which offers a nontoxic alternative. Herein, the electronic and optical characteristics of Cs2TiBr6 absorber material using density functional theory employing the WIEN2K tool are investigated. The energy band structure of Cs2TiBr6 shows an indirect bandgap of 2.2 eV. Additionally, optical properties are calculated, and the suitability of this material as an absorber for indoor and outdoor photovoltaic devices is investigated. The Cs2TiBr6 material has a peak absorption coefficient of 39.57 × 104 cm−1 and optical conductivity of 1.98 × 1015s−1, demonstrating its suitability as an absorber material. After that, a PSC is modeled using SCAPS‐1D by using the computed parameters. The performance of the modeled perovskite is enhanced by optimization of various parameters, resulting in the achievement of a high‐performance Cs2TiBr6‐based PSC, boasting a power conversion efficiency of 19.9% for air mass AM1.5 G spectra and power conversion efficiency of 16.76% for light emitting diode and 17.18% for incandescent light for indoor light conditions.
A resilient control algorithm to distributed optimization under DoS attacks
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Liwei
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on a distributed optimization problem under an undirectd and connected network affected by DoS attacks. First, new event‐triggered mechanisms are developed to schedule the communication between agents. Then, an event‐based resilient distributed optimization algorithm that removes the requirement of continuous communication in the existing results is designed to achieve consensus optimization. Assisted by the design of regulator equations and the algebraic graph theory, it proves that the proposed algorithm is exponentially convergent. Moreover, Zeno behavior can be excluded by reductio ad absurdum. The simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Bottle Nanomotors Amplify Tumor Oxidative Stress for Enhanced Calcium Overload/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jiang Yuejun , Xu Cong , Li Yunshi , Wang Hong , Liu Lu , Ye Yicheng , Gao Junbin , Tian Hao , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng , Li Yingjia
Published: July 2024

Developing multifunctional, stimuli‐responsive nanomedicine is intriguing because it has the potential to effectively treat cancer. Yet, poor tumor penetration of nanodrugs results in limited antitumor efficacy. Herein, an oxygen‐driven silicon‐based nanomotor (Si‐motor) loaded with MnO and CaO2 nanoparticles is developed, which can move in tumor microenvironment (TME) by the cascade reaction of CaO2 and MnO. Under acidic TME, CaO2 reacts with acid to release Ca2+ to induce mitochondrial damage and simultaneously produces O2 and H2O2, when the loaded MnO exerts Fenton‐like activity to produce ·OH and O2 based on the produced H2O2. The generated O2 drives Si‐motor forward, thus endowing active delivery capability of the formed motors in TME. Meanwhile, MnO with glutathione (GSH) depletion ability further prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) from being destroyed. Such TME actuated Si‐motor with enhanced cellular uptake and deep penetration provides amplification of synergistic oxidative stresscaused by intracellular Ca2 + overloading, GSH depletion induced by Mn2+, and Mn2+ mediated chemodynamic treatment (CDT), leading to excellent tumor cell death. The created nanomotor may offer an effective platform for active synergistic cancer treatment.
A rule‐based method to effectively adopt robotic process automation
Authors: Bédard Maxime , Leshob Abderrahmane , Benzarti Imen , Mili Hafedh , Rab Raqeebir , Hussain Omar
Published: July 2024

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is an emerging software technology for automating business processes. RPA uses software robots to perform repetitive and error‐prone tasks previously done by human actors quickly and accurately. These robots mimic humans by interacting with existing software applications through user interfaces (UI). The goal of RPA is to relieve employees from repetitive and tedious tasks to increase productivity and to provide better service quality. Yet, despite all the RPA benefits, most organizations fail to adopt RPA. One of the main reasons for the lack of adoption is that organizations are unable to effectively identify the processes that are suitable for RPA. This paper proposes a new method, called Rule‐based robotic process analysis (RRPA), that assists process automation practitioners to classify business processes according to their suitability for RPA. The RRPA method computes a suitability score for RPA using a combination of two RPA goals: (i) the RPA feasibility, which assesses the extent to which the process or the activity lends itself to automation with RPA and (ii) the RPA relevance, which assesses whether the RPA automation is worthwhile. We tested the RRPA method on a set of 13 processes. The results showed that the method is effective at 82.05% and efficient at 76.19%.
Body‐Integrated Ultrasensitive All‐Textile Pressure Sensors for Skin‐Inspired Artificial Sensory Systems
Authors: Wang Bingjun , Shi Yuanhong , Li Haotian , Hua Qilin , Ji Keyu , Dong Zilong , Cui Zhaowei , Huang Tianci , Chen Zhongming , Wei Ruilai , Hu Weiguo , Shen Guozhen
Published: June 2024

Tactile sensing plays a vital role in human somatosensory perception as it provides essential touch information necessary for interacting with the environment and accomplishing daily tasks. The progress in textile electronics has opened up opportunities for developing intelligent wearable devices that enable somatosensory perception and interaction. Herein, a skin‐inspired all‐textile pressure sensor (ATP) is presented that emulates the sensing and interaction functions of human skin, offering wearability, comfort, and breathability. The ATP demonstrates impressive features, including ultrahigh sensitivity (1.46 × 106 kPa−1), fast response time (1 ms), excellent stability and durability (over 2000 compression‐release cycles), a low detection limit of 10 Pa, and remarkable breathability (93.2%). The multipixel array of ATPs has been proven to facilitate static and dynamic mapping of spatial pressure, as well as pressure trajectory monitoring functions. Moreover, by integrating ATP with oscillation circuits, external force stimuli can be directly encoded into digital frequency pulses that resemble human physiological signals. The frequency of output pulses increases with the applied pressure. Consequently, an ATP‐based artificial sensory system is constructed for intelligent tactile perception. This work provides a simple and versatile strategy for practical applications of wearable electronics in the fields of robotics, sports science, and human–machine interfaces technologies.
A non‐local fractional two‐phase delay thermoelastic model for a solid half‐space whose properties change with temperature and affected by hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Marin Marin , Askar Sameh S. , Foul Abdelaziz
Published: July 2024

This article discusses changes in heat transfer resulting from laser pulses and magnetic fields produced in thermoelastic materials under initial stress. This paper introduces a novel approach to modeling generalized thermoelastic materials by including fractional time derivatives with Eringen's non‐local thermoelastic theory. This model incorporates both the Caputo–Fabrizio and the Atangana–Baleanu derivatives, which are novel forms of fractional derivatives in the domain of fractional calculus. Analytical formulations for system variables, such as temperature and thermal stress, were derived using the Laplace transform method. This was done considering the effects of laser pulses, non‐local actuators, and fractional actuators. The findings of these investigations are showcased through numerical illustrations and visual representations. The research also included comparisons between the acquired results and those derived from earlier theories, which may be regarded as a specific instance. Validating the suggested model and showing its correctness and applicability is seen as a crucial step.
Creating Spaces for Ruptions and Provocations
Authors: Chappell Kerry
Published: June 2024

This chapter lays the ground for how ethical, care-ful (Haraway, When species meet. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2008) educational futures might emerge through creative ruptions and how, individually and collectively, the authors are working with Facer’s (Literacy 53, 2019, p. 12) argument that:

it is possible to begin to create educational spaces in which the surplus potential of the past, present and future are visible, in which new ideas are generated, in which the experience of living in complex material and planetary systems that decentre the human can be acknowledged.

The chapter introduces the ways in which authors create meaningful and productive ruptions—disturbances or commotions—in practice and research thinking, in response to the anthropocentric challenges that we all, human and other-than-human, now face. It will draw the reader into diverse ruptive and provocative approaches that create spaces for emergent futures including the decolonial, new materialist and feminist. These operate creatively through a posthuman lens (e.g. Barad, Meeting the universe halfway: Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Duke University Press, 2007; Burnard, The power of pluralising creativities: A posthumanist perspective. Brill-I-Sense Publishers, 2024, in production; Harris & Holman Jones, Qualitative Inquiry, 28(5), 522–530, 2022) and create an ethico-ontological stance for thinking and doing in relation to educational futures. The chapter culminates by describing the three core sections, Creating spaces for ruptions, Dialoguing and Resistings, which exemplify the key themes of the book and expand on their significance to educational futures.
Steps Toward a Decolonial Feminist Ecology
Authors: Natanel Katie
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores how embodied ecological practices might stretch the space/time of teaching and learning in Higher Education, (re-)orienting students and teachers toward justice and solidarity. Inspired by Raja Shehadeh’sPalestinian Walks(2008) and recent initiatives by BIPOC and LGBTQ+ organisers to increase access to the land, we draw on experiences of facilitating encounters with the natural world in a Higher Education institution based in Devon, southwest England. While our journey begins with a walk designed to provide a break from the weight of study, unexpected ruptures open us to new modes of teaching and learning, connecting to each other and the land, and working toward material and epistemic decolonisation. Step by step, our story reveals how emergent educational futures might nourish political organising and extend the horizon/s of our work. By moving together through local woods, lanes and fields, we connect settler colonialism in Palestine/Israel with the (present-day) coloniality of Britain—in ways that insist on our accountability and action. Moving, breathing and sensing invite new forms of encounter and collectivity, which ground us in a broader ethic of care and sense of shared struggle. These ties, we suggest, are the roots of a decolonial feminist ecology.
Inhabiting the Cracks: Accumulating Creative Ruptions to Change Education
Authors: Chappell Kerry , Turner Chris , Wren Heather
Published: June 2024

In this final chapter of Creative Ruptions, we revisit the claims made in Chappell with Turner and Wren, Creating Spaces for Ruptions and Provocations in Creative Ruptions for Emergent Educational Futures. Palgrave Macmillan, 2024. That this book would show how ethical, care-ful educational futures might emerge through creative ruptions; that we would provide hope and show how to do education differently; that we would provide direct educational responses as examples and tools; and that we would show how different authors create productive ruptions. We demonstrate how this has happened by dealing with the bigger questions around how we handle creative ruptions and what they in themselves ‘do’ through the notion of accumulation thresholds. We go on to demonstrate how the creative ruptions in this book respond to various wicked problems, and then end by offering ways of thinking-being-doing to push matters forward. This includes considering how we can expand our emotional repertoires from anxiety to also include hope and courage, positioning the contribution of this book in relation with colleagues working in decolonisation and possibilities studies. As ever, these are the throughlines that have emerged for us as editors, which are undoubtedly multi-dimensional, but there are many other ways that you can travel through this book and enter into new trajectories from it.