bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytidine Deaminase Resolves Replicative Stress and Protects Pancreatic Cancer from DNA-Targeting Drugs
Authors: Lumeau Audrey , Bery Nicolas , Francès Audrey , Gayral Marion , Labrousse Guillaume , Ribeyre Cyril , Lopez Charlene , Nevot Adele , El Kaoutari Abdessamad , Hanoun Naima , Sarot Emeline , Perrier Marion , Pont Frederic , Cerapio Juan-Pablo , Fournié Jean-Jacques , Lopez Frederic , Madrid-Mencia Miguel , Pancaldi Vera , Pillaire Marie-Jeanne , Bergoglio Valerie , Torrisani Jerome , Dusetti Nelson , Hoffmann Jean-Sebastien , Buscail Louis , Lutzmann Malik , Cordelier Pierre
Published: January 2024

Cytidine deaminase (CDA) functions in the pyrimidine salvage pathway for DNA and RNA syntheses and has been shown to protect cancer cells from deoxycytidine-based chemotherapies. In this study, we observed that CDA was overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma from patients at baseline and was essential for experimental tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CDA localized to replication forks where it increased replication speed, improved replication fork restart efficiency, reduced endogenous replication stress, minimized DNA breaks, and regulated genetic stability during DNA replication. In cellular pancreatic cancer models, high CDA expression correlated with resistance to DNA-damaging agents. Silencing CDA in patient-derived primary cultures in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts in vivo increased replication stress and sensitized pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to oxaliplatin. This study sheds light on the role of CDA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, offering insights into how this tumor type modulates replication stress. These findings suggest that CDA expression could potentially predict therapeutic efficacy and that targeting CDA induces intolerable levels of replication stress in cancer cells, particularly when combined with DNA-targeted therapies.

Significance:

Cytidine deaminase reduces replication stress and regulates DNA replication to confer resistance to DNA-damaging drugs in pancreatic cancer, unveiling a molecular vulnerability that could enhance treatment response.
Osteosarcoma Cells Secrete CXCL14 That Activates Integrin α11β1 on Fibroblasts to Form a Lung Metastatic Niche
Authors: Xu Yanyang , Deng Chuangzhong , Chen Hongmin , Song YiJiang , Xu Huaiyuan , Song Guohui , Wang Xinliang , Luo Tianqi , Chen Weiqing , Ma Jiahui , Zeng Anyu , Huang Shujing , Chen Zhihao , Fu Jianchang , Gong Ming , Tai Yi , Huang Anfei , Feng Huixiong , Hu Jinxin , Zhu Xiaojun , Tang Qinglian , Lu Jinchang , Wang Jin
Published: January 2024

Cooperation between primary malignant cells and stromal cells can mediate the establishment of lung metastatic niches. Here, we characterized the landscape of cell populations in the tumor microenvironment in treatment-naïve osteosarcoma using single-cell RNA sequencing and identified a stem cell–like cluster with tumor cell–initiating properties and prometastatic traits. CXCL14 was specifically enriched in the stem cell–like cluster and was also significantly upregulated in lung metastases compared with primary tumors. CXCL14 induced stromal reprogramming and evoked a malignant phenotype in fibroblasts to form a supportive lung metastatic niche. Binding of CXCL14 to heterodimeric integrin α11β1 on fibroblasts activated actomyosin contractility and matrix remodeling properties. CXCL14-stimulated fibroblasts produced TGFβ and increased osteosarcoma invasion and migration. mAbs targeting the CXCL14-integrin α11β1 axis inhibited fibroblast TGFβ production, enhanced CD8+ T cell–mediated antitumor immunity, and suppressed osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Taken together, these findings identify cross-talk between osteosarcoma cells and fibroblasts that promotes metastasis and demonstrate that targeting the CXCL14-integrin α11β1 axis is a potential strategy to inhibit osteosarcoma lung metastasis.

Significance:

Cooperation between stem-like osteosarcoma cells and fibroblasts mediated by a CXCL14-integrin α11β1 axis creates a tumor-supportive lung metastatic niche and represents a therapeutic target to suppress osteosarcoma metastasis.
The Impact of Inherited Genetic Variation on DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer and Benign Tissues of African American and European American Men
Authors: Delgado Dayana , Gillard Marc , Tong Lin , Demanelis Kathryn , Oliva Meritxell , Gleason Kevin J. , Chernoff Meytal , Chen Lin , Paner Gladell P. , Vander Griend Donald , Pierce Brandon L.
Published: January 2024

Background:

American men of African ancestry (AA) have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates compared with American men of European ancestry (EA). Differences in genetic susceptibility mechanisms may contribute to this disparity.

Methods:

To gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms of prostate cancer susceptibility variants, we tested the association between SNPs and DNA methylation (DNAm) at nearby CpG sites across the genome in benign and cancer prostate tissue from 74 AA and 74 EA men. Genome-wide SNP data (from benign tissue) and DNAm were generated using Illumina arrays.

Results:

Among AA men, we identified 6,298 and 2,641 cis-methylation QTLs (meQTL; FDR of 0.05) in benign and tumor tissue, respectively, with 6,960 and 1,700 detected in EA men. We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to identify previously reported prostate cancer GWAS signals likely to share a common causal variant with a detected meQTL. We identified nine GWAS-meQTL pairs with strong evidence of colocalization (four in EA benign, three in EA tumor, two in AA benign, and three in AA tumor). Among these colocalized GWAS-meQTL pairs, we identified colocalizing expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) impacting four eGenes with known roles in tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight epigenetic regulatory mechanisms by which prostate cancer-risk SNPs can modify local DNAm and/or gene expression in prostate tissue.

Impact:

Overall, our findings showed general consistency in the meQTL landscape of AA and EA men, but meQTLs often differ by tissue type (normal vs. cancer). Ancestry-based linkage disequilibrium differences and lack of AA representation in GWAS decrease statistical power to detect colocalization for some regions.
Oncogenic Oral Human Papillomavirus Clearance Patterns over 10 Years
Authors: D'Souza Gypsyamber , Tewari Sakshi R. , Troy Tanya , Webster-Cyriaque Jennifer , Wiley Dorothy J. , Lahiri Cecile Delille , Palella Frank Joseph , Gillison Maura L. , Strickler Howard D. , Struijk Linda , Waterboer Tim , Ho Ken , Kwait Jennafer , Lazar Jason , Weber Kathleen M. , Fakhry Carole
Published: January 2024

Background:

Effective screening for oropharyngeal cancer is lacking. Four oncogenic HPV clearance definitions were explored to understand long-term natural history for persistent oncogenic oral HPV (oncHPV), the precursor of oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods:

Prospective multicenter cohort of participants living with/at-risk for HIV, with oral rinse and gargle samples collected every 6 to 12 months for up to 10 years and tested for oncHPV. HPV clearance definitions included 1 (clear1), 2 (clear2), 3 (clear3) consecutive negatives, or being negative at last two visits (clearlast).

Results:

Median time to clearance of oncHPV exceeded 2 years for conservative definitions (clear3: 2.38, clearlast: 2.43), but not lenient (clear1: 0.68, clear2: 1.15). By clear3, most incident infections cleared at 2, 5, 8 years (55.1%, 75.6%, 79.1%), contrary to prevalent infections (37.1%, 52.5%, 59.5%, respectively). In adjusted analysis, prevalent oncHPV, older age, male sex, and living with HIV were associated with reduced clearance. Of 1,833 subjects screened, 13.8% had prevalent oncHPV and 47.5% of those infections persisted ≥5 years, representing 6.5% of persons screened. Two men with prevalent oral HPV16 developed incident oropharyngeal cancer [IR = 1.62 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–6.4]. Many with oral HPV16 persisted ≥5 years (and/or developed HPV-oropharyngeal cancer) among those with 2 (72.2%), ≥2 of first 3 (65.7%), or 3 (80.0%) consecutive positive oHPV16 tests, but not after 1 (39.4%).

Conclusions:

In our 10-year study, most incident infections cleared quickly. However, half of prevalent oncHPV persisted ≥5 years, suggesting increased risk with persistent oncHPV at >2 visits.

Impact:

We identified groups with persistent oncHPV at increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer and contextualized risk levels for those with oral HPV16 infection.
Evaluating the Role of Project Management Offices (PMOs) in Large-Scale Construction Projects: Insights from Construction Industry Professionals
Authors: Umasekar Vijayakumar
Published: January 2024

This research paper evaluates the role of Project Management Offices (PMOs) in large-scale construction projects, with insights from construction industry professionals. The study's main objective was to bridge the gap in literature by obtaining direct perspectives from those managing these projects. A structured online survey, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative questions, was administered to a diverse group of professionals. The analysis, conducted using statistical software for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative insights, led to several key findings. PMOs were perceived as highly effective in aligning project objectives, resource allocation, process standardization, communication facilitation, and risk management. Notable challenges included resistance to change, inadequate senior management support, resource constraints, and project complexity. PMOs positively impacted project timelines, budget management, stakeholder engagement, and quality of deliverables. High integration of sustainability practices and moderate to high adoption of innovative technologies were also observed. Key success factors for PMOs included effective leadership, clear objectives, skilled teams, robust risk management, and effective stakeholder communication. Over 89% of respondents were satisfied with PMO performance. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing practical insights and confirming the critical role of PMOs in the success of large-scale construction projects. It highlights the importance of PMOs in driving sustainability and technological advancements, thus offering actionable guidance for enhancing PMO effectiveness in the construction industry.
Alterations of Hemostatic Molecular Markers During Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Xu Xin , Song Yiming , Cao Wenbo , Bai Xuesong , Wang Xinyu , Gao Peng , Chen Jian , Chen Yanfei , Yang Bin , Wang Yabing , Chen Fei , Ma Qingfeng , Yu Bo , Jiao Liqun
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate regional levels of TAT (thrombin‐antithrombin complex), PIC (plasmin‐α2 plasmin inhibitor complex), t‐PAIC (tissue plasminogen activator‐plasminogen activator inhibitor complex), sTM (soluble thrombomodulin), and D‐dimer, along with their associations with clinical and procedural characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed 166 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (62±11.54 years of age, 34.3% women) using prospectively maintained clinical databases and blood samples from local ischemic (proximal to thrombus) and systemic (femoral artery, self‐control) arterial compartments. Levels of TAT, PIC, t‐PAIC, and D‐dimer were significantly elevated, whereas sTM was significantly reduced, in local ischemic regions compared with their systemic levels. Each 1‐unit increase in ischemic TAT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.086 [95% CI, 1.03–1.145];
P
=0.002; area under the curve [AUC], 0.833) and PIC (aOR, 1.337 [95% CI, 1.087–1.644];
P
=0.006; AUC, 0.771) correlated significantly with higher symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk. Additionally, each 1‐unit increase in ischemic TAT (aOR, 1.076 [95% CI, 1.016–1.139];
P
=0.013; AUC, 0.797), PIC (aOR, 1.554 [95% CI, 1.194–2.022];
P
=0.001; AUC, 0.798), and sTM (aOR, 0.769 [95% CI, 0.615–0.961];
P
=0.021; AUC, 0.756) was significantly associated with an increased risk of an unfavorable 90‐day outcome (modified Rankin scale of 3–6). These hemostatic molecules, individually or combined, significantly improved the predictive power of conventional risk factors, as evidenced by significant increases in net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement (all
P
<0.01).

Conclusions

We observed a hyperactive state of the coagulation‐fibrinolysis system within the local ischemic region during hyperacute stroke. Rapid automated measurement of hemostatic molecular markers, particularly TAT, PIC, and sTM, during intra‐arterial procedures may provide additional information for stroke risk stratification and therapeutic decision‐making, and warrants further investigation.
Two New Species of Tagalis Stål (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Saicini) from Panama and Brazil, with an Analysis of the Male Genitalia Morphology
Authors: Castro-Huertas Valentina , Melo María Cecilia
Published: January 2024

Tagalis matamorosae n. species and Tagalis pagu n. species are described from specimens collected in Barro Colorado (Panama) and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), respectively. Among the species of Tagalis, both new species have coloration patterns and genital structure particularly different. Tagalis matamorosae n. species is the unique species with a gonoplac composed by a pair of sclerites, and T. pagu n. species shows the posteromedial process of pygophore with a curvature exclusive within the genus. Digital images of external morphological characters and of the genitalia are provided. To facilitate the identification of the new species, an updated key to the species of Tagalis is presented. Male genital structures along the genus and its taxonomic and phylogenetic implications are discussed.
Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua isolated from milk and dairy samples in Ethiopia
Authors: Wei Xiaoyuan , Hassen Anwar , McWilliams Karen , Pietrzen Karen , Chung Taejung , Acevedo Marysabel Méndez , Chandross-Cohen Tyler , Dudley Edward G. , Vipham Jessie , Mamo Hassen , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay , Zewdu Ashagrie , Kovac Jasna
Published: January 2024

Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes often poses a significant threat to vulnerable populations. Dairy products have been implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis worldwide. In Ethiopia, studies have identified Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in various dairy products, but the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these bacteria remain largely unknown in the low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we conducted whole-genome sequencing on 15 L. monocytogenes and 55 L. innocua isolates obtained from different levels of the dairy supply chains across three regions in Ethiopia. Genomes were assembled and used for MLST genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to infer phylogenetic relationships. We identified a total of 3 L. monocytogenes (i.e., 2, 145, and 18) and 12 L. innocua (i.e., 1489, 1619, 603, 537, 1010, 3186, 492, 3007, 1087, 474, 1008, and 637) MLST sequence types among the studied isolates. Some of these sequence types showed region-specific occurrence, while others were broadly distributed across regions. Through high-quality SNP analysis, we found that among 13 L. monocytogenes identified as ST 2, 11 of them were highly similar with low genetic variation, differing by only 1 to 10 SNPs, suggesting potential selection in the dairy food supply chain. The L. innocua isolates also exhibited low intra-ST genetic variation with only 0–10 SNP differences, except for the ST 1619, which displayed a greater diversity.
Severe coagulopathy and inflammation occurred after resection of giant right ventricular intimal sarcoma with cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Liu Menghan , Li Xuejie , Zhou Ronghua
Published: January 2024

Background

Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare in clinic, and surgical resection under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains the main treatment. The non-physiological perfusion process of CPB leads to contact activation, and the resulting coagulopathy and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are common complications. However, it is difficult to predict the impact of foreign tumor fragments on this pathophysiological process once they enter the bloodstream, making this phenomenon more complex and challenging.

Case Presentation

We report a case of cardiac intimal sarcoma who developed severe coagulopathy and widespread inflammation after excision of massive right ventricular tumor and replacement of tricuspid valve by median sternotomy under CPB. Although the procedure was expected to cause tumor cell necrosis and precautions were taken, uncontrolled massive postoperative bleeding, persistent fever, abnormally elevated inflammatory markers, and recurrent malignant arrhythmias occurred after surgery. In addition to common factors, the most possible underlying mechanism is contact activation triggered following surgical procedure for intimal sarcoma with CPB.

Conclusion

Patients with intracardiac malignant tumors are at a high risk for serious contact activation during CPB. Preventive application of comprehensive anti-inflammatory measures such as drugs and adsorptive CPB technology, as well as point-of-care (POC) monitoring of coagulation status will be helpful for individualized guidance and optimization of CPB management, and improvement of patient prognosis.
Interplay of self-care, self-efficacy, and health deviation self-care requisites: a study on type 2 diabetes patients through the lens of Orem’s self-care theory
Authors: Fereidooni Ghorbanali Jennat , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Zarei Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites in patients with type 2 diabetes based on Orem’s Self-Care Theory.

Methods

The research involved 341 patients with type 2 diabetes in Rasht, Iran, using a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional design. The data collection included questionnaires assessing Self-Care Behaviors, Self-Efficacy, and Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites based on Orem’s model.

Results

Demographic factors such as gender, marital status, employment, education, age, duration of disease, and oral treatment and insulin had no consistent effect on self-care behaviors. Self-efficacy was a key factor influencing Self-Care Behaviors in diabetic patients. There was a strong and direct correlation between Self-Care Behaviors and Self-Efficacy, indicating the role of individuals’ confidence in managing diabetes. Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites had both positive and negative correlations with different domains of Self-Care Behaviors.The physical exercise construct of self-efficacy was the most significant predictor of Self-Care Behaviors.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites in patients with type 2 diabetes. The findings underscore the importance of addressing Self-Efficacy and specific self-care domains, such as physical activity and foot care, in diabetes management strategies. This research contributes to the existing knowledge base and may inform healthcare professionals and policymakers in developing targeted interventions to improve self-care practices in diabetic patients.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Hu Xue , Jiang Qunqun , Jiao Fangzhou , Du Qian , Liu Jie , Luo Mingqi , Li Anling , Deng Liping , Xiong Yong
Published: January 2024

Background

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonosis with a high fatality rate in China. Previous studies have reported that dysregulated inflammatory response is associated with disease pathogenesis and mortality in patients with SFTS. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and its impact on prognosis.

Methods

Data on demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and survival time of patients with SFTS were collected. Patients were divided into the non-SIRS and SIRS groups according to the presence of SIRS, then their clinical data were compared.

Results

A total of 290 patients diagnosed with SFTS were retrospectively enrolled, including 126(43.4%) patients with SIRS. Patients in the non-survivor group had more prevalence of SIRS than patients in the survivor group (P < 0.001), and SIRS (adjusted OR 2.885, 95% CI 1.226–6.786; P = 0.005) was shown as an independent risk factor for prognosis of patients with SFTS. Compared with patients without SIRS, patients with SIRS had lower WBC and neutrophils counts, and fibrinogen levels, but higher AST, LDH, amylase, lipase, CK, CK-MB, troponin I, APTT, thrombin time, D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, SAA levels, and viral load. The cumulative survival rate of patients with SIRS was significantly lower than that of patients without SIRS. Patients with SIRS also showed a higher incidence of bacterial or fungal infections than patients without SIRS.

Conclusions

SIRS is highly frequent in patients with SFTS, and it is associated with high mortality.
Examining the acceptability and feasibility of the Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme in adults living with chronic kidney disease: the COSMIC study findings
Authors: Wilson Anna , Carswell Claire , McKeaveney Clare , Atkinson Karen , Burton Stephanie , McVeigh Clare , Graham-Wisener Lisa , Jääskeläinen Erika , Johnston William , O’Rourke Daniel , Reid Joanne , Rej Soham , Walsh Ian , Noble Helen
Published: January 2024

Background

Individuals with chronic kidney disease experience difficult physical and psychological symptoms, that impact quality of life, and are at increased risk of anxiety and depression. Access to specialist psychological support is limited. This study aimed to support a new service development project, in collaboration with Kidney Care UK, to implement the Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme, developed by MindfulnessUK, which provides accessible mindfulness techniques and practices to enhance compassion and resilience, and explore its feasibility for people living with stage 4 or 5 kidney disease and transplant.

Methods

A multi-method feasibility design was utilised. Participants over 18 years, from the UK, with stage 4 or 5 kidney disease or post-transplant, and who were not currently undergoing psychotherapy, were recruited to the four-week CMR programme. Data was collected at baseline, post-intervention and three-months post to measure anxiety, depression, self-compassion, mental wellbeing, resilience, and mindfulness. The acceptability of the intervention for a kidney disease population was explored through qualitative interviews with participants, and the Mindfulness Teacher.

Results

In total, 75 participants were recruited to the study, with 65 completing the CMR programme. The majority were female (66.2%) and post-transplant (63.1%). Analysis of completed outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention timepoints (n = 61), and three-months post intervention (n = 45) revealed significant improvements in participant’s levels of anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001), self-compassion (p = .005), mental wellbeing (p < .001), resilience (p.001), and mindfulness (p < .001).

Thematic analysis of interviews with participants (n = 19) and Mindfulness Teacher (n = 1) generated three themes (and nine-subthemes); experiences of the CMR programme that facilitated subjective benefit, participants lived and shared experiences, and practicalities of programme participation. All participants interviewed reported that they found programme participation to be beneficial.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the CMR programme has the potential to improve psychological outcomes among people with chronic kidney disease. Future randomized controlled trials are required to further test its effectiveness.
“Antimicrobial properties of tissue conditioner modified with chitosan and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: a promising approach for preventing denture stomatitis”
Authors: Safari Sina , Barani Mahmood , Sadrmohammadi Roya
Published: January 2024

Background

Chitosan is known to inhibit the growth of many bacteria and fungi. Tissue conditioners are commonly used to prevent bone destruction under dentures. However, over time, these materials can become a suitable substrate for microbial growth. One approach to improving dental materials is the use of nanoparticles. This study examined the antifungal properties of chitosan and green technique-synthesized silver nanoparticles in combination with tissue conditioners.

Methods

Tissue conditioner materials were mixed with chitosan and silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.097%, 0.19%, and 0.37%, along with 1.25 ppm Nystatin, and their antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans were investigated. The growth rate was measured after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Non-parametric tests, such as the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, were used for data analysis after verifying that the groups did not have a normal distribution.

Results

Compared with the control and Nystatin groups, the Chitosan-silver groups showed a significant decrease in the number of CFUs of Candida albicans.

Conclusions

The combination of chitosan and silver nanoparticles with tissue conditioner materials is a promising alternative for preventing and treating denture stomatitis. These findings suggest that using very small amounts of nanoparticles in dental materials could effectively prevent microbial growth, which could improve the longevity and efficacy of dental prosthetics and materials.
Evaluation of oral health status in the population above 50: evidence from the ardakan cohort study on aging (ACSA)
Authors: Delbari Ahmad , Ghavidel Fatemeh , Rashedi Vahid , Bidkhori Mohammad , Saatchi Mohammad , Hooshmand Elham
Published: January 2024

Background

The global population is undergoing rapid aging, and older individuals are more susceptible to various health issues, including oral health problems. Despite the increasing attention given to healthy aging, oral health has often been overlooked in discussions related to health problems. This study aims to assess the oral health status of middle-aged and older adults in Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 4970 men and women aged 50 years and above, who participated in the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA) between 2020 and 2022. Trained personnel administered a questionnaire and conducted oral health examinations to determine the oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors of the participants.

Results

The mean value (SD) of the total Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was 21.3 (10.7). Approximately 46% of all participants were completely edentulous (without natural teeth). Moreover, 58.5% of the total sample wore dentures, and the mean age (SD) when they started using dentures was 48.5 (20.7) years. About 71% of participants with natural teeth reported brushing their teeth at least once a day, while about 63% of denture wearers cleaned their dentures daily. In the sample, 28% of individuals had visited a dentist in the last year. The prevalence of difficulty in biting and chewing food among the participants was 48.2% and 44.6%, respectively. Additionally, nearly 68% of all samples reported experiencing at least one difficulty in daily functioning due to oral/dental conditions. The study identified cutoff points of seven (sensitivity = 56.8 and specificity = 77.5) and 10 (sensitivity = 72.1 and specificity = 71.1) missing teeth, indicating the presence of at least one problem in daily functioning due to oral/dental conditions in middle-aged and older adults, respectively.

Conclusion

The study reveals a high prevalence of edentulism and denture use among participants aged 50 years and above. The majority of samples reported difficulties in daily functioning due to oral and dental conditions, especially in biting and chewing food. These findings highlight the importance of proactive measures to address oral health issues in middle-aged and older adults, thereby enhancing their overall health and well-being.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated risk factors in women of childbearing potential in northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Demissie Engdawork , Amare Azanaw , Birhanu Muluken , Gizachew Mucheye
Published: January 2024

Backgrounds

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea and poses public health problems, including antimicrobial resistance. Current data on gonorrhea in prenatal participants in the study area are required. Thus, we aimed to identify gonorrhea prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among antenatal care clinic visitors in northwestern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2022 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. We recruited 278 study participants using convenient sampling techniques. Sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral risk factors were recorded using pre-tested questionnaires. Endocervical swabs were collected by a physician, transported to the microbiology laboratory, immediately inoculated into modified Thayer-Martin medium, and it was incubated at 37 °C for 24–48 hours. Gram staining and biochemical tests were used to identify the organism. AMR testing was performed using disc diffusion and E-test methods. Data were entered in EPI-info version 7 and exported and analyzed in SPSS version 26. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results were presented in words, tables and figure.

Results

Of 278 subjects enrolled, majority (44.6%) were 26–35 years, with a mean age of 29.9 (SD = ±7.2) years, 69.4% were urban residents, and 70.5% were married. Twenty-one (7.6%) participants had gonorrhea. Overall antimicrobial resistance ranged from 19 to 100%. High resistant to tetracycline (100%) and penicillin (85.7%) were observed by both tests. Ciprofloxacin resistance was 52.4% by disc diffusion and 85.7% by E-test. By E-test, all isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and spectinomycin; however, 7 (33.3%), 9 (42.9%), 9 (42.9%) and 5 (23.8%) isolates showed resistant to these antibiotics with disk method. Prevalence of beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 85.7%. Alcohol consumption (p = 0.032), condom-free sexual practice (p = 0.010), multiple sexual partners (p < 0.001), pelvic pain (p = 0.018), and dysuria (p = 0.021) revealed increased risk of infection.

Conclusions

Compared with many previous studies in Ethiopia, we found high prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and beta-lactamase-positive isolates. Multiple sexual partners, alcohol consumption, not using condom, pelvic pain and dysuria were predictors of this infection. Continuous large-scale monitoring of pathogen is essential for its prevention and control.
Standard practices in cardiac monitoring: training needs of intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Carolina B. de S. Giusti Angela , Estevam Cornélio Marilia , Machado de Oliveira Elaine , Giguère Jean-François , Cecília B. J. Gallani Maria
Published: January 2024

Background

Enforcing practice standards for cardiac monitoring in intensive care units (ICUs) has been shown to reduce misdiagnoses and inappropriate interventions. Continuous professional development (CPD) programs are committed to aligning clinical practices with recommended standards. The crucial initial phase in CPD development involves assessing the training needs of the targeted population.

Objective

To assess the training needs of ICU nurses in cardiac monitoring. The overarching goal was to formulate a focused Continuous Professional Development (CPD) program geared towards implementing standard practices in cardiac monitoring.

Methods

This study employed a generic qualitative approach with a descriptive design, utilizing interviews and focus groups from July to September 2018. Involving 16 ICU nurses. Content analysis was employed, encompassing transcription, fluctuant and iterative reading, unitization, categorization, coding, description, and interpretation.

Results

All nurses recognized cardiac monitoring’s importance in the ICU but reported barriers to its effective implementation which were related to factors that could addressed by a CPD as insufficient knowledge and skills. Training needs were identified in both clinical and technical aspects, with recommendations for practical and theoretical activities and e-learning strategies. Barriers related to organizational aspects (equipment and communication within the healthcare team) were also mentioned.

Conclusion

ICU nurses presented clear and specific training needs related to cardiac monitoring as knowledge, skills, and competencies. Other organizational aspects were also reported as barriers. Addressing these learning needs through targeted CPD aligned with organizational initiatives can contribute to enhancing the quality of cardiac monitoring practices in ICUs.
A pilot study investigating plasma pharmacokinetics and tolerance of oral capecitabine in carcinoma-bearing dogs
Authors: Wetzel Sarah , Fidel Janean , Whittington Dale , Villarino Nicolas F.
Published: January 2024

Background

Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of the active metabolite 5-fluorouracil, which has been used effectively in human colorectal, head and neck, and mammary carcinomas. Capecitabine has several properties that make it an attractive treatment option for dogs: (i) it is relatively inexpensive, (ii) it has a short half-life in humans, allowing for rapid plasma concentration changes to be achieved with dosage adjustments, (iii) it is effective for treating carcinomas in humans, for which there are no widely-effective oral chemotherapy options in dogs, and (iv) it is thought to preferentially target cancer cells due to different expression of thymidine phosphorylase, thereby decreasing the risk of off-target side effects. However, capecitabine has not been widely explored as a chemotherapy agent for dogs. The goal of this study was to determine the plasma disposition of capecitabine in dogs following a single oral dose and to document any adverse events associated with capecitabine administration over the course of 5 weeks.

Results

Capecitabine was well tolerated throughout the 5-week study period when administered to 5 dogs with naturally occurring carcinomas at 750 mg/m$$^2$$

2

by mouth once daily for 14 consecutive days in a 3-week cycle. No dogs withdrew from the study due to adverse events or other causes. The median AUC$$_{\text {0-last}}$$

0-last

was 890 h$$\cdot$$
·
ng/ml (range 750-1100 h$$\cdot$$
·
ng/ml); however, the maximum blood concentration and time to reach that concentration of capecitabine was highly variable after a single dose.

Conclusions

Capecitabine appears well-tolerated as an oral chemotherapy agent for dogs with carcinomas, although individualized dosing may be necessary, and further studies are warranted.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in pet cats, dogs and rabbits from urban areas of Poland
Authors: Turlewicz-Podbielska Hanna , Ruszkowski Jakub Jędrzej , Wojciechowski Jarosław , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Background

Neospora caninum(N. caninum) has a broad intermediate host range and might cause multisystemic lesions in various species of animals. Dogs are both intermediate and definitive hosts of the parasite and play a crucial role in the horizontal transmission of this protozoan to other animals. Cats and rabbits could be sensitive to infection withN. caninum, however, clinical symptoms and the exact route of infection in these species are unknown. The epidemiology ofN. caninumin cats and rabbits has been barely researched, and there is no published record of the seroprevalence ofN. caninuminfection in these species in Poland. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of seroreagents forN. caninumwithin pet dogs, cats and rabbits from urban areas of Poland and to identify possible risk factors for these animals.

Results

In total, serum samples from 184 cats (Felis catus), 203 dogs (Canis familiaris) and 70 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used in the study. The seroprevalence of anti-N. caninumantibodies in dogs and cats reached 1.0% (2/203; 95% CI: 0.3–3.5) and 3.3% (6/184; 95% CI: 1.5–6.9), respectively. No significant differences in seroprevalence regarding age group, gender, symptoms or sampling location were found. All 70 samples from pet rabbits were negative for anti-N. caninumantibodies.

Conclusions

The seroprevalence rates ofN. caninumin dogs and cats in the present study were low, however, our results confirmedN. caninumcirculates among dog and cat populations in Poland, and neosporosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neuro-muscular disorders in these species. This is the first serological survey ofN. caninumin European pet cats and rabbits. The role of pet rabbits inN. caninumepidemiology and circulation in Poland is marginal.
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica in a sample of the French general population
Authors: Wardyn Pierre-Marie , Edme Jean-Louis , de Broucker Virginie , Cherot-Kornobis Nathalie , Ringeval David , Amouyel Philippe , Sobaszek Annie , Dauchet Luc , Hulo Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe the proportions of subjects exposed to crystalline silica and the sectors of activity concerned between 1965 and 2010 in a sample of the general French population.

Methods

We included 2942 participants aged 40 to 65 years, recruited at random from electoral rolls, from the French general population in the cross-sectional ELISABET study between 2011 and 2013. The proportions of subjects exposed to crystalline silica and their sectors of activity were determined on the basis of their career history and the use of the Matgéné job-exposure matrix.

Results

In the total sample, occupational exposure to crystalline silica was found for 291 subjects (9.9%) between 1965 and 2010, with a predominance of men (20.2% of exposed subjects among men (282 out of 1394) versus 0.6% among women (9 out of 1548)). The highest proportion of participants exposed to crystalline silica was reached in 1980 with 6.1% and then decreases to 4.4% in 2010. Among men, the most frequently exposed sectors of activity were manufacture of basic metals (41.5% of exposed men (117 out of 282)), specialised construction activities (23.1% of exposed men (65 out of 282)) and construction of buildings (14.2% of exposed men (40 out of 282)).

Conclusions

Although the proportion of workers exposed to crystalline silica has been decreasing since the 1980s, it is still significant at least until 2010, particularly in the construction sector, and further research is needed to improve the monitoring of workers who are or have been exposed to crystalline silica.
Comparative study on the technique and efficacy of microscope-assisted MI-TLIF and naked-eye MI-TLIF in lumbar revision surgery
Authors: Zhang JiaHuan , Yuan YiFang , Gao HaoRan , Liao Bo , Qian JiXian , Yan XiaoDong
Published: January 2024

Background

Lumbar revision surgery can be performed by simple lumbar nerve decompression or lumbar interbody fusion, including percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), etc. However, lumbar revision surgery is very difficult in surgical operation. We sought to explore the technique safety and efficacy of microscope-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) in lumbar revision surgery.

Methods

Cases of postoperative recurrence following lumbar spine surgery (n = 63) treated from December 2016 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 24 cases of microscope-assisted MI-TLIF (microscopic group) and 39 cases of naked-eye MI-TLIF (naked-eye group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, postoperative drainage, length of hospital stay, initial operation, and visual analog score (VAS) of low back and leg pain before and at 7 days and 3 months after the operation and the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores before and after the operation and the Bridwell interbody fusion grades at 1 year were compared. The independent t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests were used for analysis.

Results

All 63 patients were successfully treated by operation and were followed up for an average of 31.5 ± 8.6 months (range 12–48 months). The two groups had no significant difference in sex, age, incision length, initial operation, or operative segment (P > 0.05). There was no significance in operation time, VAS score, ODI score, and JOA score of low back pain or Bridwell interbody fusion grade between the two groups (P > 0.05). Significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and the lengths of hospital stay were observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (n = 2), edema of nerve roots (n = 2), and incision infection (n = 1) were observed in the naked-eye group. There were no complications in the microscopic group, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, edema of nerve roots, and incision infection.

Conclusion

Although microscope-assisted MI-TLIF and naked-eye MI-TLIF are both effective during lumbar revision surgery, microscope-assisted MI-TLIF brings less trauma, less bleeding, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and faster recovery. Unlike traditional surgery, microscope-assisted MI-TLIF provides a clear visual field, adequate hemostasis, and nerve decompression.
Transaortic removal of a large primary sarcoma from the left ventricle assisted by strategic partial resection and endoscopic guidance: a case report
Authors: Choi Jae-Sung , Kim Jeongwon , Oh Se Jin , Ok You Jung , Seong Yong Won , Moon Hyeon Jong
Published: January 2024

Background

Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for cardiac sarcoma, a rare but lethal disease. Achieving complete removal of a large-sized left ventricular sarcoma remains a challenge even with various surgical approaches that have been employed.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 74-year-old woman with shortness of breath who underwent surgical removal of a primary cardiac sarcoma, measuring 6 × 3.5 × 3 cm, attached to the septum of the left ventricle and caused sub-aortic valve obstruction. Transaortic approach was chosen and the access to this entire huge mass was enabled by using interim partial resection which created a space for further dissection and subsequent deeper endoscopic views. The further dissection was finally able to be advanced on the apex, and the residual mass was completely resected with gross tumor-free margins.

Conclusion

Interim partial resection and endoscopic guidance can highly facilitate the transaortic removal of even large left ventricular sarcomas.
Thymoma negatively affects the neurological outcome of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Tian Wenxin , Yu Hanbo , Sun Yaoguang , He Jing , Wu Qingjun , Ma Chao , Jiao Peng , Huang Chuan , Li Donghang , Tong Hongfeng
Published: January 2024

Background

Thymoma and myasthenia gravis (MG) interact with each other. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thymoma on neurological outcome of MG patients after thymectomy using the propensity score matching (PSM) method.

Methods

Consecutive patients with MG who underwent thymectomy at Beijing Hospital between January 2012 and August 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical and follow-up data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. PSM was performed to eliminate selection bias.

Results

A total of 456 patients were included in this study. Thymoma was present in 138 (30.3%) patients. The median follow-up time was 72 (range, 12–135) months. At the last follow-up, a lower proportion of thymomatous MG patients achieved complete stable remission (CSR) compared with non-thymomatous MG patients (P = 0.011), and the effective rate [CSR + pharmatologic remission (PR) + minimal manifestations (MM)] of thymomatous MG patients was also lower (P = 0.037). Considering time to CSR, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed thymomatous MG patients had lower cumulative CSR rate than non-thymomatous MG patients (log-rank, P = 0.019). After PSM, 105 pairs of patients were matched successfully. For the matched patients, thymomatous MG patients had a lower CSR rate and a lower effective rate (P = 0.002, 0.039, respectively), and K–M analysis still showed thymomatous MG patients had lower cumulative CSR rate (log-rank, P = 0.048). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that thymoma (HR: 0.592, 95% CI 0.389–0.900, P = 0.014), older age at the time of surgery (HR: 0.971, 95% CI 0.953–0.990, P = 0.003), and preoperative course of MG > 12 months (HR: 0.474, 95% CI 0.317–0.708, P = 0.000) were negative predictive factors for CSR.

Conclusions

Thymoma had a negative effect on the neurological outcome of MG after thymectomy. MG patients with old age and a preoperative course of longer than one year had a lower probability of achieving CSR.
Inverse logarithmic coefficient bounds for starlike functions subordinated to the exponential functions
Authors: Shi Lei , Abbas Muhammad , Raza Mohsan , Arif Muhammad , Kumam Poom
Published: January 2024

In recent years, many subclasses of univalent functions, directly or not directly related to the exponential functions, have been introduced and studied. In this paper, we consider the class of $\mathcal{S}^{\ast}_{e}$

S
e
∗

for which $zf^{\prime}(z)/f(z)$
z

f
′

(
z
)
/
f
(
z
)
is subordinate to $e^{z}$

e
z

in the open unit disk. The classic concept of Hankel determinant is generalized by replacing the inverse logarithmic coefficient of functions belonging to certain subclasses of univalent functions. In particular, we obtain the best possible bounds for the second Hankel determinant of logarithmic coefficients of inverse starlike functions subordinated to exponential functions. This work may inspire to pay more attention to the coefficient properties with respect to the inverse functions of various classes of univalent functions.