bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prominence of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Networks in Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Authors: Veenstra René , Laninga-Wijnen Lydia
Published: December 2021

Peer relationships are prominent when children move into adolescence. Peer research has been motivated by an interest in understanding where peer interactions and relationships come from and how these experiences affect multiple aspects of positive and negative development. Peer research continues to provide insight in how adolescents strive for status and affection, how adolescents are connected to their peers, and how peers influence and select each other. Recent advances show the importance of considering variations between contexts (such as classrooms) in these peer processes. Selection and influence processes vary strongly between classrooms, and in particular popular peers set a norm for what behaviors are important for friendship selection and influence processes. Moreover, some contexts may elicit exacerbated social comparison processes, which may explain why certain individuals have academic or psychosocial maladjustment in some contexts but not in others. The avenues for further research offer researchers several opportunities to diversify and expand into new areas of inquiry among adolescents and young adults.
The comparison of two independent proportions via Design Analysis: Theoretical background and an R implementation
Authors: Bettin Riccardo
Published: December 2021

In the last decade science has fallen into a replication crisis, this means that researches, when replicated, do not give the same results as the original ones. The difficulty in replicating studies can be due to several reasons, some of which regard the scientific world in general, such as the actual publication system that encourages incorrect behaviours and questionable research practices by scientists, and some that change between scientific fields. In fact, some scientific field feel this crisis more than others, and psychology is one of them. Low statistical power and misuse of statistics in psychology is reported from a long time. The first to criticize psychologist in regards of the use of power has been Cohen in 1962. This crisis can lead to the loss of trust in psychology and in science in general, for this reason it is important to find some solutions to the crisis.Several possible solutions have been proposed. In this work we will focus on Design analysis, that is quite a new notion that can help in the process of getting out of the replication crisis. This analysis consists in calculating (power, and) new type of inferential errors to help researchers to better understand the consequences of low power, small sample sizes and studies started without appropriate planning. Design analysis can be done prospectively and retrospectively, that is different from post-hoc power calculations. The aims of this work are mainly to extend the design analysis to the case of differences between independent proportions and to provide an R implementation that can be used by researchers.
Clinical profile of seizure disorder in hospitalized patients in tertiary care center - A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Thiyagarajan A Alagu , Selvakumar CJ , Jenix YA Nathan , Duraisamy Ramesh
Published: December 2021

Background: Knowledge regarding people affected with epilepsy is essential for accurate planning and management of patients. This study was conducted to study clinical profile of seizure disorder in the patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu.
Aims and Objectives: To study clinical profile of seizure disorder in patients hospitalized in Coimbatore government medical college hospital.
Materials and Methods: This study was a single center hospital based cross-sectional study of the clinical profile of seizure disorder in hospitalized patients at tertiary care center of Tamil Nadu, Neurology department the 2 years from 2018 to 2020. All the patients presenting with complaints of seizures were included in this study.
Results: This study included a total of 321 patients with epilepsy. Their ages ranged between 10 and 100 years. 180 of the study population were males and 141 were female patients. 30% of patients had new onset seizures. Fever precipitated seizure in 16% of the subjects. Excitation, sleep deprivation, fever, watching television, and head trauma showed a strong association with generalized epilepsy. The majority of the patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizure, followed by focal neurological deficit. 98% of patients responded to treatment and they did not had recurrent episodes of seizure.
Conclusion: The sample size of our cohorts is relatively small. It is possible that some prognosis factors may be missed due to the small sample size. Further studies with a larger sample cohort are required. Uneducated and low socioeconomic make people vulnerable to seizures because of lack of awareness, poor compliance to medicines, not detection of seizure provoking factor, repeated exposure to seizure provoking factor, prevalence of alcoholism, and thus lowering seizure threshold. There is a treatment gap still because of epilepsy and appropriate usage of resources will help to reduce this treatment gap and decreases epilepsy associated morbidity and mortality.
The effect of remdesivir on selective biomarkers and its value in predicting the clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Rai Sanjana , Jones Dyna , Jayashankar Chinnappa Anjanappa , Kumar Pinnelli Venkata Bharat , Manpreeth Eashwer , Seetha Venkata Sai Raghava Prashanthi
Published: December 2021

Background: To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to evaluate the effect of remdesivir on inflammatory markers.
Aims and Objectives: To study the effect of Remdesivir on Selective biomarkers namely C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Serum Ferritin and D-dimer and their value in predicting the clinical outcome in patients with COVID -19 infection.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 102 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients of moderate and severe category who were subjected to complete blood count, liver function test, BUN, creatinine, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, serum ferritin, ECG, and chest X-ray. The association was analyzed using independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Patients were divided into two groups. Both received corticosteroids and anticoagulants. Group A also received remdesivir.
Results: Of the 102 patients, 90.2% of the patients in the non-remdesivir group and 94.1% in the remdesivir group were discharged. The mortality rate was 9.8% in the non-remdesivir group versus 5.9% in the remdesivir group (P=0.71). There was no statistically significant difference in the decrease of the inflammatory markers overtime in both the groups, irrespective of whether they received remdesivir or not.
Conclusion: High values of the inflammatory markers were seen at the time of admission. A 5 days course of remdesivir failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the decrease in the levels of the inflammatory markers. However, we have observed a possible clinical benefit of remdesivir among patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease, as there was a trend toward better clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate this therapeutic strategy.
Radiological study of Os trigonum and its clinical significance
Authors: Adibatti Mallikarjun , Pitchandi Muthiah , Bhuvaneswari V
Published: December 2021

Background: Os trigonum (OST) is commonly located on the posterior aspect of the talus. It occurs as a result of secondary ossification center failing to fuse with the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus; its incidence varies between 2 and 25%, and is more often bilateral. It occurs as an intra-articular Os, which is most often securely rooted to the lateral tubercle of the talus by a fibrocartilaginous synchondrosis.
Aims and Objective: To determine the incidence, morphology, and distribution of Os Trigonum (OST).
Materials and Methods: Retrospective 500 lateral foot radiographs view were studied to determine the incidence, morphology, and distribution of OST.
Results: Incidence of OST in the present study was 6.6%, with predominantly round or ovoid in shape. OST was located on the posterolateral aspect of the talus.
Conclusion: OST can be one of the causative factor responsible for Flexor hallucis longus tendonitis, OST syndrome, which occur in plantarflexion of the ankle, leading to compression of the OST between the distal tibia and the calcaneus. Hence, knowledge regarding the incidence, morphology, and distribution of OST is important for the radiologist, orthopedic surgeons to arrive at a correct diagnosis, which aids in the management of cases presenting with complaints of posterior ankle pain.
Use of umbilical cord blood culture in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis among high risk mothers
Authors: Ojha Maitreyi , Pradhan Ashish , Dutta Sudip , Jaiswal Anamika
Published: December 2021

Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Its early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential and any delay in the diagnosis can have serious consequences including neonatal death. Blood culture is the gold standard test for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) is a painless procedure and technically less challenging. We conducted this study to evaluate use of UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of peripheral venous blood culture (PVBC) reports.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of PVBC reports.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study consisting of 100 neonates who were at risk of EONS. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Gangtok between January 2018 and December 2019. Neonates found to be at risk of development of EONS were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after birth blood samples were collected from both umbilical cord and peripheral vein and were sent to bacteriology lab. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of both the samples were analyzed.
Results: Out of 100 neonates in 32 (32%) EONS could be confirmed with positive sepsis screening results and/or demonstration of organisms on blood culture. Among the 32 neonates with EONS, 17 were found to be premature. The mean gestational age of newborns with EONS was found to be 35.2 weeks. The umbilical blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 74.4%, respectively, whereas peripheral vein blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 77.7% and 72.5%, respectively. The most common organism grown in our study was Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: UCBC is painless and technically less challenging method of blood sampling. It has been found to have a higher sensitivity as well specificity for the diagnosis of EONS as compared to peripheral venous blood sample.
NGO Regulation: Themes and Debates with Reference to Nepal
Authors: Bastola Mukesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Since the 1980s, due to the failure of previous development strategies, nongovernmental organizations have emerged as major actors in development, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. However, in recent years, most countries have perceived that NGOs are not operating genuinely to fulfill their expected goals.  In this context, this paper set out to answer two questions: why NGOs tend to represent donors' preferences and why developing countries like Nepal become unable to adopt strict NGO regulations. It is based on the analysis of archival documents and review of previous study findings and draws insights from resource dependence theory. It concludes that when NGOs depend on external donors for financial resources, they are compelled to represent donor's interests. Similarly, aid-dependent developing countries like Nepal often hesitate to adopt strict NGO regulations because of the fear of external pressure from their donor agencies. Thus, resource dependency makes both NGOs and the governments unable to resist the pressure of donor agencies. Its conclusions can be useful to adopt an appropriate framework to regulate NGOs in Nepal.
Estimation and Projection of Fertility, 2001-2031: Province 2, Nepal
Authors: Devkota Bijaya Mani
Published: December 2021

Fertility is an essential tool of population growth which levels and patterns can assist to formulate and evaluate policies related to population change. Fertility decline in Nepal has been tested and tried with different studies gives different figures like demographic health survey and national census data but varies data in provincial level. This study describes number of children ever born and number of birth before 12 months who were given birth by reproductive (15-49) age group of women. The study has utilized census data from CBS that were conducted in 2001 and 2011. These national household censuses were carried out in 12.5 percent of total household. From census data files 1,063,903 and 1,304,079 number of reproductive age group of women were identified through analysis. The study was carried out adhering to the Arriaga method and changing P/F ratio method. Age sex pyramids and frequency table represent demographic scenario of provincial 2. The TFR values of province 2 exact years 2016, 2021, 2026 and 2031 were obtained by linear interpolation and extrapolation by 2031, it will to reach TFR replacement level.
गुरुङ – नेपाली शैक्षणिक शब्दकोश Gurung-Nepali Shaishyanik Shabdakosh
Authors: Khaniya Budda Raj
Published: December 2021

गुरुङ – नेपाली शैक्षणिक शब्दकोशको नमुना प्रस्तुत गर्ने उद्देश्यले तयार गरिएको यो लेख लमजुङ र कास्की जिल्लामा प्रयोग गरिने गुरुङ भाषामा आधारित छ । यसमा प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक दुबै स्रोतबाट तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरिएको थियो । प्राथमिक तथ्य सङ्कलनका लागि लमजुङ र कास्की जिल्लाबाट १५–१५ जनाका दरले जम्मा ३० जना गुरुङ मातृभाषी वक्ताहरू उद्देश्यमूलक तरिकाबाट छनोट गरियो । निर्धारित गुरुङ मातृभाषी सूचकहरूसँग प्रत्यक्ष सम्पर्क गरेर तयार गरिएका विभिन्न विषय क्षेत्रसँग सम्बन्धित नेपाली भाषाका आधारभूत शब्दसूची अनुवाद गर्न लगाई प्राथमिक तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरियो भने गुरुङ भाषामा प्रकाशित पाठ्य सामग्री, कोश, व्याकरण जस्ता सामग्रीका आधारमा द्वितीयक तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरियो । यसरी सङ्कलन गरिएका तथ्यहरूलाई कोश सम्पादनको सैद्धान्तिक आधारमा गुरुङ–नेपाली शैक्षणिक कोशको नमुना प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा १९० गुरुङ भाषाका आधारभूत शब्दहरूका आधारमा गुरुङ – नेपाली शैक्षणिक शब्दकोशको नमुना दिइएको छ । यसमा गुरुङ भाषामा प्रविष्टि दिएर तिनको शब्द वर्गीय सूचना, नेपालीमा समानार्थी एवम् गुरुङ र नेपाली भषामा प्रयोग समेत दिइएको छ । कोशको नमुना देवनागरी लिपिमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
Fresh Milk Quality Analysis of Buffalo, Cow, Goat and Sheep of Sunwal Municipality (West), Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2021

In the present study, the fresh raw milk of four different mammals viz, buffalo, goat, cow and sheep were collected from village area of Sunwal Municipality and analyzed for their physio-chemical parameters viz, moisture, conductivity, pH, titratable acidity specific gravity, fat solids not fat and total solid. It was found that all measured parameters were found as per recommended standard as compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from WHO standards and other International Standards. The main objective of this study was to compare the physio-chemical properties and quality parameters of different fresh milk samples available in Sunwal Municipality, Nawalparasi (West), Nepal and provide nutritional benefits for health. These tests were carried in chemistry laboratory of Butwal Multiple Campus and Dairy Devlopment Corporation in Butwal industrial area. The value of pH ranged from 6.58±0.53 to 6.65±0.51, conductivity ranged from 6.52±1.98 to 10.8±2.07 mS,  moisture content ranged from 78.1±4.30% to 89.7±5.02% .Similarly TTA% ranged averagely from 0.117% to 0.153%,CLR from 26.1 to 28.3, specific gravity ranged from1.0261 to 1.0283 averagely and fat % ranged from 3.3±0.41% to 6.8±0.96%. Similarly, SNF% ranged from 1.58±0.49% to 2.05±0.22% and TS% ranged from 11.225±0.28% to 16.075±1.19 % respectively.
आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनमा परीक्षणका प्रमुख गुणप्रति सरोकारवालाको दृष्टिकोण Aantarik Mulyankanma Parikshyanka Pramukh Gunprati Sarokarwalako Dristikon
Authors: Khanal Rajendra
Published: December 2021

त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षाशास्त्र स्नातकोत्तर तहको सेमेस्टर प्रणालीको आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनको विश्वसनीयता तथा वैधताप्रति सरोकारवालाको दृष्टिकोणलाई यस लेखमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यो लेख क्षेत्रीय सर्वेक्षण विधिमा आधारित छ भने यसमा उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट प्रक्रिया अपनाइएको छ । यसमा शिक्षाशास्त्र, स्नातकोत्तर तहमा अध्ययनरत १०० जना विद्यार्थी तथा उक्त तहमा अध्यापनरत २५ जना शिक्षकलाई नमुनाका रूपमा लिई उनीहरूको अभिमतको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनबाट प्राप्त भएको अङ्क विश्वसनीय छ भन्ने कथनमा ४२ प्रतिशत शिक्षार्थी र ४८ प्रतिशत शिक्षक मात्र सकारात्मक देखिएकाले सन्तुष्टिको स्तर कमजोर रहेको देखिन्छ । आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कन प्रक्रियाका उकरणमा सबै किसिमका वैधता रहेका छन् भन्ने कथनमा ३८ प्रतिशत शिक्षार्थी र ३६ प्रतिशत शिक्षक मात्र सकारात्मक देखिएकाले यस सूचकमा दुवै वर्गको सन्तुष्टिको स्तर अत्यन्त कमजोर रहेको देखिन्छ । यसबाट आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनमा विश्वसनीयता तथा वैधता नरहेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Structure and Application of Master’s Level Course of Political Science at Tribhuvan University
Authors: Lamsal Chakrapani
Published: December 2021

The course of political science at the master’s level is examined in horizontal perspectives with interpretive and constructionism as a philosophic base. The objective of this article is two folds. The first is to review the limitation of the current courses, application, and evaluation manuals and the second is to envisage the application mode and its faculties. The study is based on primary as well as secondary sources of information. The information is collected through a documentary (office record) and telephonic survey.  The study follows a mixed method of research.  Shifting in semester system from the pre-existing annual system is a reformative step towards quality education. But there are still some challenges in connecting the syllabus and curricular activities to the market. To some extent, the objective of the current course is vague, unspecific, and general. The lack of minimum number of faculties in the periphery and expertise in the Kathmandu valley is a problem for the application of the course. It is needed to train the faculties and adopt more contextual teaching-learning approach as envisioned by the new education policy, 2076. It identifies some contextual issues to make the course more specific, practicable, and applicable. It suggests an alternative learning and evaluation pattern that covers complexities like Covid and the lack of faculties.
Teachers' Mindset on Gender Responsive Pedagogy (GRP) in Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Adhikari Hom Kumari
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze mathematics teachers' mindset regarding GRP practices in their classroom set up and classroom activity at secondary school level. The respondents were 120 mathematics teachers (106 male, 14 female), who were teaching mathematics at grade IX and X and were selected randomly. The participants were from three districts: Kathmandu, Sindhuli, and Chitwan of Province Three of Nepal. Cross-sectional Survey design was employed for this study. Self- developed questionnaire was considered as the data collection tool. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (One Sample t-test). The result of the study indicated that secondary level mathematics teachers are practicing GRP on classroom set up and classroom activity. However, they did not give more time and effort for girls for learning mathematics and low practice of group work for cooperative learning, which is important for reducing gender bias and empower girls in learning mathematics. The Government of Nepal should provide teachers GRP awareness training about how to practice GRP in classroom through policy and changing concept in school curriculum and promote positive mindset towards GRP practice.
Double Consciousness in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album
Authors: Shrestha Ravi
Published: December 2021

This article throws light on the issue of identity and Double Consciousness which creates traumatic effects on the psyche, identity and culture of Shahid, the representative of South Asian Immigrants depicted in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album in Britain. In The Black Album, Shahid is depicted as a South Asian British Muslim who looks at himself from the eyes of the White British and he finds two-ness in himself, which is similar to W. E. B. Du Bois’ theory of Double Consciousness that “is the sense of always looking at one’s self from the eyes of others” (2). So, the article reveals the double consciousness of Shahid, the protagonist who carries hybrid identity for having British White mother and Pakistani Muslim father. Because of being a South Asian Muslim immigrant living under the hegemony of White Supremacy in Britain, he experiences Double Consciousness, which causes his inferiority complex, lack of self-esteem, rootlessness, in-betweenness and fragmentation of identity. Thus, the article deals with the Double Consciousness within the binary opposition between the East and West, Islamic Fundamentalist and Western Liberalism, and Pakistani Identity and British Identity. According to the theorists Homi Bhabha, Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, the colonized people who become immigrants in the postcolonial era suffer from identity crisis and double consciousness as they face segregation, racism, discrimination and various other forms of Othering.
स्नातक तहको पाठ्यक्रममा आधुनिक नेपाली गीतगजल Snatak Tahako Pathyakrmma Aadhunik Nepali Geetgajal
Authors: Pahadi Dhundiraj
Published: December 2021

प्रस्तुत आलेख त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय मानविकी तथा सामाजिक शास्त्र सङ्कायअन्तर्गत ऐच्छिक नेपाली विषयको चार बर्से बी.ए. को पाठ्यक्रममा निर्धारित पाठ्यांश सङ्केत नेपाली ४२६(ख) मा समाविष्ठ आधुनिक नेपाली गीत तथा गजलको उपादेयतासम्बन्धी सघन विश्लेषणामा केन्द्रित छ । स्नातक तहको ऐच्छिक नेपाली विषयमा पठनपाठन हुने गरी समेटिएको उक्त आधुनिक नेपाली गीत तथा गजल विद्यार्थीहरूलाई साहित्यका लोकप्रिय विधाउपविधाहरूमा अन्तर्निहित विशिष्ट प्रकृतिको सैद्धान्तिक तथा व्यावहारिक ज्ञान दिलाउने उद्देश्यले समावेश गरिएको हो । विद्यार्थीहरूलाई काव्य वा साहित्यशिक्षणले पैदा गराउने विशिष्ट चेतना तथा ज्ञान र सिपका बारेमा अध्ययन गरी उपलब्ध तथ्यहरूको विश्लेषणसहित यस आलेखमा विश्लेष्य विषयको पुष्टिका निम्ति गीत तथा गजलको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणासमेतलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । नेपाली जनमनलाई आकर्षण गर्ने, राष्ट्रप्रेमको भावना पैदा गर्ने र सामाजिक सद्भाव र राष्ट्रिय एकताको विशिष्ट चेतना वृद्धि गर्ने सरल साहित्यका रूपमा लोकप्रिय हुँदै आएको गीतगजल उपविधा स्नातक तहमा अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थीका निम्ति पठनपाठनको विषय बन्नु शैक्षिक प्राज्ञिक दृष्टिले औचित्यपूर्ण छ भन्ने प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक आलेखको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
Experiences of the COVID-19 infected persons during isolation in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sudha , Devkota Govinda Prasad , Ghimire Madhavi Gautam , Sharma Sushil , Sharma Bhagawati , Yogi Belpatra Nath , Joshi Prayag Raj , Bhurtel Khem Kumar , Mandal Anil Kumar
Published: December 2021

Isolation is the separation and restriction of movement of people diagnosed with COVID-19 positive. Isolation is one of the best measures for preventing and controlling pandemics; however, it might be stressful. This study intends to explore the perceptions of COVID-19 infected people towards the COVID-19 pandemic and their experiences at Nepal's isolation centers with the broad theoretical frame of the transactional theory of stress and coping by Lazarus & Folkman (1986). This qualitative study was conducted in institutional isolation centers in Nepal's Morang, Rautahat, Sindhupalchowk, Tanahun, Banke, Surkhet, and Kailali districts. Thirty-five participants, five from every seven provinces, were selected using a purposive-convenient sampling method. Data were collected through interviews in the period of October to December 2020. The findings of the study have been presented in four different themes: personal and environmental attributes, perception of COVID-19 as a stressor, short-term outcome based on situation, and adoption of coping mechanism. There were individual differences in perceiving the COVID-19 as a stressor. Environment and available facilities acted as another source of stress. Similarly, anxiety, irritation, lack of sleep, loss of appetite resulted from stress while staying in isolation. Regarding the coping mechanism of the stress, most participants were found to use mobile phones, play games, watch movies, and talk to family members. We recommend emphasizing psychological intervention comprising meditation, outdoor games, yoga, and counseling in institutional isolation based on this study.
Maternal health care services in Nepal: A qualitative perspective based on the socio-ecological model
Authors: Sharma Mohan Kumar , Khanal Shanti Prasad , Adhikari Ramesh , Acharya Jib
Published: December 2021

Nepal has a high Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) in the South Asian region, partly due to the poor utilization of maternal and child healthcare services. The study aims to explore the influencing factors of maternal and child healthcare services among Nepalese women. Eighteen women, who had seven-days-old-children and those recently accessed maternal and child healthcare practices, were purposively selected. The face-to-face, In-depth-Interview (IDI) was applied to collect the information. The data were thematically analyzed, where Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) was applied as a theoretical framework. The study showed that the factors such as the knowledge of women, perception, and decision-making-autonomy at individual levels influenced maternal and child healthcare-seeking behaviors. Likewise, mothers-in-law and the role of husbands at intrapersonal levels, employment at institutional levels, peers and role of neighbors at community levels, and safe motherhood program at policy levels were significant factors for the utilization of maternal and child healthcare-seeking-behaviors. The negligence of women concerning pregnancy, inadequate health facilities, lack of specialist health workers with advanced equipment, and cultural taboos and beliefs were observed as score barriers for utilization of maternal and child health-seeking behaviors. The research strongly recommends that all women be aware of maternal and child healthcare and health-seeking behaviors at their initial ages.
Visual Literacy as a Dimension of the Young Generation’s Cultural Capital – Comparative Research
Authors: Wieczorek-Tomaszewska Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The subject of the research presented in the article, related to visual literacy, is to determine the scope and quality of the phenomenon of communication in the area of symbolic communication. Individual dispositions of information users were taken into account, creating a set of behaviors and reactions, views and concepts, personal beliefs and inclinations that determine the way of life and thinking – the so-called Habitus by Pierre Bourdieu. The aim was to create the characteristics of the examined representatives of the young generation and to determine their predispositions to symbolize (search for references). The research was carried out on two comparative groups of research participants from Poland and Italy in order to examine the quality of contemporary visual communication and the predisposition of information users to visualization, and their adaptation to the visual form of expression. The research meets the educational demand for a modern form of education, taking into account the modern informational live environment and media immersion in the visual reality of the participants of the education process.
Rekultywacja w projekcie robót geologicznych
Authors: Dubiński Łukasz
Published: December 2021

Rozważania koncentrują się wokół zasad określania sposobu przeprowadzania rekultywacji w tzw. projekcie robót geologicznych. Mowa jest tutaj o dokumencie, który podlega zatwierdzeniu przed przystąpieniem do robót geologicznych. W tekście chodzi więc o przedstawienie wymaganego przez ustawodawcę planu czynności, jakie mają zostać podjęte po zakończeniu działalności prowadzącej do zdewastowania albo zdegradowaniu gruntu w wyniku działalności regulowanej postanowieniami ustawy Prawo geologiczne i górnicze.
Charakterystyka prawno-podatkowa opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi i jej opodatkowanie podatkiem od towarów i usług
Authors: Kubista Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Artykuł porusza tematykę opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi, w tym elementy konstrukcyjne opłaty oraz zasady jej poboru. W artykule dokonano również kwalifikacji opłaty jako daniny publicznej oraz oceny, czy bliżej jej do opłaty w rozumieniu konstytucyjnym, czy jednak podatku. Artykuł odnosi się również do kwestii skutków podatkowych opłaty w podatku od towarów i usług.
Ogłoszenie upadłości posiadacza odpadów a obowiązek ich usunięcia z miejsca nieprzeznaczonego do ich składowania w świetle art. 26 ust. 1 i 2 ustawy z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach
Authors: Szymańska-Jochemczyk Joanna
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza hipotetycznej sytuacji, w której posiadacz odpadów obowiązany do ich usunięcia z miejsca nieprzeznaczonego do ich składowania znajduje się w upadłości. W szczególności praca poświęcona jest ustaleniu osoby właściwej do wykonania powyższego obowiązku również w przypadku wszczęcia stosownego postępowania.
Penggunaan Instagram Stories sebagai Media Promosi Kesehatan Mata
Authors: Husna Hanna Nurul , Milataka Itmam , Fitriani Nurul Zakiatul Jannah , Ardi Andika Khalifah
Published: December 2021

Instagram merupakan salah satu dari media sosial yang sering digunakan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat mengenai kesehatan mata dengan memanfaatkan media Instagram Stories. Subjek sasaran kegiatan adalah pengikut akun Instagram @optometry.bth. Materi yang akan disampaikan adalah fakta unik tentang mata, keluhan penglihatan, kelainan refraksi, dan penyakit mata. Materi disajikan dalam bentuk gambar, animasi, dan video. Penyampaian materi pun dilakukan secara langsung ataupun diselingi dengan interaksi seperti pengajuan respon dalam bentuk pertanyaan, cari gambar, dan tebak lagu. Dari hasil kegiatan, diketahui bahwa jumlah dan rata-rata view dan discovery paling besar diperoleh di hari pertama dengan menggunakan media video. Sedangkan yang paling rendah diperoleh di hari ketujuh dengan media gambar. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini yakni Instagram Stories dapat digunakan sebagai media promosi kesehatan mata. Pengikut dari akun @optometry.bth merasakan kebermanfaatan informasi yang disampaikan melalui media ini. Meskipun demikian, banyaknya view dan discovery dari setiap unggahan stories sangat ditentukan oleh jumlah pengikut, konten yang menarik, serta waktu unggah.
“I Assumed It Was a Much Safer Place Than It Really Is”: Nonbinary Educators’ Strategies for Finding School Jobs
Authors: Iskander Lee
Published: December 2021

People who are nonbinary—one of many kinds of trans identity that do not fit neatly within a man/woman binary—face particular challenges when seeking employment in P–12 schools, which have historically been places where rigid gender norms are strictly enforced. This paper draws on semistructured interviews conducted in 2018 to explore how 16 nonbinary educators navigated the process of finding, securing, and keeping jobs in Canadian and American schools. I found that most participants were concerned about securing a job or potentially losing their job or their safety at work because others might be inhospitable to their gender identity or expression. At the same time, participants had strategies to ensure that they found and kept jobs they were comfortable with, such as investigating a school’s support for queer and trans people, forging positive relationships with administrators and staff, and presenting their gender in particular ways during the hiring process. This study illustrates the limitations of individualistic, tokenizing forms of trans inclusion and reveals the continued prevalence of gender normativity in schools, despite a rapidly shifting gender landscape. While trans inclusion, at least on the surface, may be a selling point for some schools, trans people continue to face barriers when the underlying structures that privilege White, middle-class, cisgender, and heteronormative gender expression remain intact. I argue that, if trans people are to be fully supported in the education workplace, an intersectional and broadly transformative approach to gender justice is necessary.
A Maze of Challenges and Opportunities: An Autoethnography of a Queer Latinx Woman and Her Journey in Elementary Education Workplaces in the Borderland
Authors: Lucero Leanna
Published: December 2021

Heteronormativity, gender bias, and whitewashed notions of education threaten queer identities in K–12 educational spaces, specifically queer women educators of color seeking leadership roles within the public school system. The understanding of race, gender, and sexuality in K–12 education spaces are each worthwhile as focal points of educational research. However, the intersection between race, gender, and sexuality requires consideration. Prior scholarly research focuses on educators of color, female educators, and LGBTQ+ educators, not on the intersection of these identities. The lived experiences of educators who identify as queer women of color lack attention. Hence, this autoethnography focuses on the maze of challenges and opportunities I experienced while navigating elementary educational spaces in a US Texas/Mexico borderland city as a queer Latinx woman of color. I accomplish this by reflecting upon, and analyzing, my (re)memberings and previous experiences in my journey from K–8 teacher to K–8 administrator. Finally, I provide recommendations to inform both scholars and practitioners.
Assessing Efforts to Diversify Kentucky’s K–12 Teacher Workforce: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Grow-Your-Own-Teacher Pathway
Authors: Ingle W. Kyle , Leach Stephen M. , Lingo Amy S.
Published: December 2021

We examined the characteristics of 77 high school participants from four school districts who participated in the Teaching and Learning Career Pathway (TLCP) at the University of Louisville during the 2018–2019 school year. The program seeks to support the recruitment of a diverse and effective educator workforce by recruiting high school students as potential teachers for dual-credit courses that explore the teaching profession. Utilizing descriptive and inferential analysis (χ2 tests) of closed-ended item responses as well as qualitative analysis of program documents, Web sites, and students’ open-ended item responses, we compared the characteristics of the participants with those of their home school districts and examined their perceptions of the program. When considering gender and race/ethnicity, our analysis revealed the program was unsuccessful in its first year, reaching predominantly white female high school students who were already interested in teaching. Respondents reported learning about the TLCP from school personnel, specifically, guidance counselors (39%), non-TCLP teachers (25%), or TLCP teachers (20%). We found that the TLCP program has not defined diversity in a measurable way and the lack of an explicit program theory hinders the evaluation and improvement of TLCP. Program recruitment and outcomes are the result of luck or idiosyncratic personnel recommendations rather than intentional processes. We identified a need for qualitative exploration of in-school recruitment processes and statewide longitudinal studies to track participant outcomes in college and in the teacher labor market.
Can Russia Fight Organized Crime and Corruption?
Authors: Shelley Louise I.
Published: December 2021

The murder of Valentin Tsvetkov, the governor of Magadan in central Moscow in broad day light in October 2002 highlights that organized crime and corruption are still alive and well and highly destructive of life and governance in Russia (Wines, 2002). His murder once again raises the question, “Why has Russia not been able to stop organized crime and high level corruption?” The answer is that Russia docs not have the political will at the national, regional or local level to fight these problems. This is true because the Kremlin and economic elite push their personal interests over those of the state and the society. Structural problems such as low salaries of state personnel and the embedding of organized crime and corruption make reform very difficult.
Parler de la couleur de la peau: d’un côté de l’Atlantique à l’autre
Authors: Silberman Roxane
Published: December 2021

Au printemps 2008, après des mois de débats houleux marqués par la parution de nombreuses tribunes dans les journaux, de pétitions1 des uns et des autres, chercheurs, intellectuels et politiques, l’INED (Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques) et l’INSEE (Institut National de statistiques et d’études économiques) prenaient la décision de retirer des tests puis de supprimer définitivement une question portant sur la couleur de la peau d’une enquête portant le nom de « Trajectoires et origines ».
The future of utilitarianism
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: December 2021

My recent work has focused on the demands of utilitarianism, and our obligations to future people. In my current work, I draw on that earlier work, and ask how utilitarians might deal with the ethical challenges of climate change. Climate change has obvious practical implications. It will kill millions of people, wipe out thousands of species, and so on. My question in this paper is much narrower. How might climate change impact on moral theory — and especially on the debate between utilitarians and their non-utilitarian rivals?
Looks back on the success of Capital in the 21st Century
Authors: Piketty Thomas
Published: December 2021

Arthur Goldhammer: I’d like to begin by asking you to summarize the findings of your book Capital in the 21st Century, which has brought the phenomenon of inequality to the attention of a large global audience. In the past you’ve said that the book is not an individual work but the work of an èquipe, so perhaps you’d like to begin by telling us something about your team of collaborators, how you put it together, and how the research that went into the book was done.
Engineering Students’ Perceptions and Acceptance of the Online Flipped Classroom for Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azmin Nor Fadhillah Mohamed , Wahab Mohd Firdaus Abd , Ahmad Farah , Asnawi Ani Liza , Jusoh Ahmad Zamani , Ibrahim Siti Noorjannah , Jimat Dzun Noraini
Published: December 2021

This article reports on the results of an open-response survey sent out to IIUM Engineering students to elicit their thoughts and views about learning their courses online via the flipped learning mode. The decision to take academic courses online was brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic which has forced many sectors, including the education sector, to either cease operations or make changes to their approaches. Hence the objective of the survey was to explore Biochemical Engineering students’ perceptions and acceptance of online flipped learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were collected from 80 Year 2, 3 and 4 students of Engineering at the IIUM. The results showed an overwhelming acceptance of online flipped learning among the students where only a small percentage of 2.7% completely rejected it as a preferred online learning mode. A majority of the students expressed a reserved acceptance (64.9%) of it, while 27% accepted it unconditionally. A major concern that emerged from the findings was uncurated and poor selection of videos for students to study before class meetings. This suggests that the flipped classroom approach can result in ineffective online learning if it is not designed carefully. The findings have significant implications on the technological skills and pedagogical readiness of university lecturers to design and deliver online flipped learning in an effective manner.
Time Perspective, Hope and Self-Regulation among Preparatory Year University Students: Exploring the Connections
Authors: Ahmed Iman Osman Mukhtar
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between time perspective, hope and self-regulation among foundation year students at a Malaysian public university. A survey questionnaire on the three constructs was completed by 118 Malay students aged between 18 to 21. The findings showed a significant positive correlation between the future time perspective and self-regulation (r = 0.251, p = 0.007). However, the association is a weak one. Likewise, a significant relationship was found between hope and two of the temporal orientations, i.e., the future orientation (r = 0.399, p = 0.001) and the past positive at r = 0.271, p = 0.003., which is also considered a weak relationship. However, no significant association was observed between the past positive time perspective and students’ self-regulation. On the contrary, the past negative and present-fatalistic time orientations have a significant negative relation with hope at r = - 0.308, p = 0.001 and r = - 0.207, p = 0.028, respectively. A similar result was obtained for the association between self-regulation and the PN orientation at r = - 0.290, p = 0.002. It was also found that hope and students’ self-regulation are strongly correlated (r = 0.268, p = 0.004). In essence, the results imply that students with a high future time orientation are likely to have high levels of hope and self-regulation. Therefore, time perspective, especially the future orientation, and self-regulation skills could be important intervention factors for addressing students’ academic obstacles. The findings of this study are beneficial for counselors, educators, and supervisors in designing intervention programs to help students become more positive and optimistic individuals.
Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Pemlastik Gliserol Terhadap Sifat Mekanik pada Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Kitosan - Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume)
Authors: Rachma Rania Nur , Hidayati Nur , Rahayu Putri , Anggraini Heni
Published: December 2021

Plastik bio-komposit ramah lingkungan dari kitosan dan umbi porang dibuat dengan metode casting larutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan zat pemlastik gliserol (5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25) terhadap sifat mekanik bioplastik seperti sifat kuat tarik dan kemuluran, sifat biodegradasi, kemampuan serap air dan analisis gugus fungsional penyusun ikatan kimianya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tarik dan kemuluran dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya zat pemlastik gliserol di dalamnya. Peningkatan jumlah gliserol dalam bioplastik mengurangi kuat tarik tetapi meningkatkan kemuluran. Bioplastik mampu menyerap air dengan baik sampai 166,67% yang menyebabkan material mudah terdegradasi. Dalam waktu kurang dari satu bulan, bioplastik kitosan-umbi porang telah terurai sempurna.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengisian dan Pengosongan Tangki Otomatis pada Praktikum Mesin Dinamika Proses Menggunakan ESP32 dan Platform Komunikasi Blynk
Authors: Al'Aziz Renggo Mike , Rahayu Endang Sri
Published: December 2021

Pelaksanaan praktikum merupakan hal yang penting disetiap pembelajaran, peralatan yang disiapkan juga harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan update. Terkadang kesulitan dalam pelaksanaan praktikum dengan peralatan yang masih manual dan menyulitkan penggunanya. Contohnya untuk mesin dinamika proses pada pengisian dan pengosongan air yang manual. Pada mesin dinamika proses ini terjadi proses perpindahan air dari tangki satu ke lainnya yang dilakukan juga dengan pemanasan secara otomatis pada sumbernya. Proses ini yang terjadi secara manual membuat mahasiswa menjadi kurang aman dan beresiko. Selanjutnya, untuk pengambilan sampel data yang masih manual serta rekapan data yang masih ditulis secara manual juga membuat proses praktikum memakan waktu yang lama.  Oleh karena itu penulis merancang sebuah sistem, yaitu Sistem Otomatis Pengisian dan Pengosongan Tangki Mesin Dinamika Proses berbasis ESP32 dan Blynk yang menjadi referensi bagi pengguna dalam melakukan praktikum. Tujuan utama dari perancangan alat ini adalah membuat sistem yang otomatis dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang ada saat ini untuk mempermudah pelaksanaan praktikum bagi penggunanya. Alat ini dilengkapi dengan fitur kontrol dengan menggunakan Android yang diakses pada aplikasi Blynk, kemudian dapat bekerja secara otomatis dengan Sensor Ultrasonic SR-HC04 dengan ketinggian tertentu. Mikrokontroler ESP32 ini yang berfungsi sebagai Internet of Thing dengan memantau dan mengkontrol pompa air. Tidak hanya itu, untuk pemanas / heater water dikontrol pada Aplikasi Blynk. Kemudian, untuk rekapan data praktikum yang dibutuhkan juga bisa di Report melalui Aplikasi Blynk. Sehingga mahasiswa dengan mudah memperolah data. Serta mahasiswa tidak perlu khawatir jika terjadi gangguan pada jaringan internet, karena disiapkan sistem manual dengan saklar yang memiliki fungsi tersendiri.
Analisa Pengaruh Pola Operasi Terhadap Laju Keausan Carbon Strip Pada Pantograf
Authors: Surawan Tri , Kurniawati Nani , Digdoyo Aji , Sujatmika Hanif , Agusta Harini
Published: December 2021

Salah satu komponen dari sistem kereta adalah carbon strip pada pantograf, yang berfungsi untuk memaksimalkan pengambilan daya listrik dari kabel listrik aliran atas ke sarana/kereta. Berdasarkan rekapitulasi biaya total perawatan sarana, carbon strip membutuhkan biaya yang sangat tinggi. Maka dibutuhkan langkah tepat untuk mengurangi laju keausan dari carbon strip agar biaya perawatan sarana bisa lebih ditekan. Faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi keausan adalah kecepatan, tekanan, kekasaran permukaan dan kekerasan bahan. Semakin besar kecepatan relatif benda yang bergesekan, maka material semakin mudah aus. Demikian pula semakin besar tekanan pada permukaan benda yang berkontak, material akan cepat aus, begitu pula sebaliknya. Berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhi keausan maka dilakukanlah pengujian dan berbagai simulasi dalam upaya mengurangi laju keausan carbon strip. Upaya dan penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan merubah pola operasi penggunaan pantograf serta juga pola operasi kecepatan sarana, sehingga dengan adanya simulasi ini dapat diketahui faktor-faktor yang lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi laju keausan carbon strip. Hasilnya, semakin besar laju keausan dari carbon strip, maka kecepatan dan arus listrik yang dibutuhkan sarana juga semakin besar. Begitu juga sebaliknya. Kemudian, faktor utama dari keausan sebesar 70-76% total tebal keausan sarana, terjadi pada area underground. Sehingga berdasarkan analisa yang telah dilakukan, maka harus diterapkannya pengurangan kecepatan pada area underground agar laju keausan dari carbon strip dapat diminimalisir.
Sistem Peringatan Dini Banjir Berbasis Arduino Uno Dengan Notifikasi SMS
Authors: Gani Abdul Rafid Fakhrun
Published: December 2021

Banjir merupakan salah satu dari dampak perubahan iklim di indonesia. Banjir merupakan ancaman musiman yang terjadi apabila meluapnya air dari saluran yang ada dan menggenangi wilayah sekitarnya. Ada dua faktor yang menyebabkan banjir yang pertama, faktor alam seperti curah hujan tinggi, topografi, wilayah, pasang surut air, dan lain-lain, dan yang kedua adalah faktor yang disebabkan manusia, yang utamanya disebabkan oleh pertambahan penduduk akan diikuti pertumbuhan infrastuktur, pemukiman, sarana air bersih, pendidikan, serta layanan masyarakat lainya yang akan berdampak menurunya potensi penyerapan air yang akan mengendap menjadi besar yang disebut banjir. Alat pendeteksi banjir yang dikembangkan yaitu Arduino uno ATMega 328P. Alat pendeteksi banjir mampu memberi peringatan saat terjadinya banjir melalui SMS dan bel peringatan.Keywords (11 pt bold): Banjir, Arduino, SMS