bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy of anti-TNF nanobody and PGE2 elevated therapeutic effect in experimental colits via regulating Treg/Th17 balance
Authors: Liu Xing , Ni Mingkai , Zhou Lulu , Hua Zichun
Published: January 2024

Abstract Backgrounds and purpose: Anti-TNF therapy have gained great
success in autoimmune disease. However, insufficient efficacy and safety
of high dosage anti-TNF agents are exposed in amounts of clinical cases.
Aiming at improving therapeutic of anti-TNF therapy, an anti-TNF
nanobody V19 and combination therapy with PGE2 was introduced.
Experimental Approach: DSS-induced colitis mice was used for evaluating
therapeutic effect of V19 and combination therapy. Variation of
Treg/Th17 balance was raised as the criterion for comparing therapeutic
with combination therapy and mono-therapy. Key Results: V19 expressed by
Escherichia. coil showed therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis mice
by inducing the increase of treg via up-regulating tm-TNF-α and TNFR2 in
peripheral blood. However, cell apoptosis (treg, Dendritic Cells and CD8
T cells) was induced in peripheral blood under high dose of V19
accompanied with up-regulated tm-TNF-α. Besides, Th17 cells in colons
from DSS-induced mice were induced by V19 accompanied with up-regulation
of IL-6. Combination therapy presented better therapeutic effect than
mono-therapy. After combination therapy, Th17 cells were significantly
decreased in colons and vitro assay demonstrated that PGE2 reduced Th17
cells by down-regulating IL-6 in colons via EP4. Although PGE2 showed no
influence on cell apoptosis and can not induce treg generation, it
enhanced the ability of V19 in inducing treg by up-regulating TNFR2 via
EP4 in peripheral blood. Conclusion: This combination therapy presents
good clinical significance that combination of PGE2 can expand drug
delivery window and enhanced therapeutic effect during the anti-TNF
clinical treatment.
Mycoplasma galliseticum Infection, A Perpetual Problem
Authors: Jelani Ghulam , Ahmad Muhammad , Naseem Chanda , Iqbal Nasir , Soomro MajidHussain
Published: January 2024

Now a day’s poultry industry is moving with rapid strides in the market
but respiratory diseases in poultry are sum of the most costly problem
plaguing today in poultry industry due to high morbidity and mortality.
Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) has major economic importance of
poultry industry that caused by Mycoplasam gallispeticum (MG). CRD is
highly contagious that transmit from infected birds to healthy ones by
respiratory routes. Different types of antibiotics are helpful to treat
it and different research use antibiotics of aminoglycoside group and
supporting therapy with electrolytes. For preventing the flock from
infection separates the infected birds from healthy ones. However the
aim of this study is to perform the descriptive analysis to identify the
respiratory poultry disease, method of prevention and their seasonal
incidences.
Donor variability alters differentiation and mechanical cohesion of tissue-engineered constructs based on human endothelial / stem cells co-culture
Authors: Baudequin Timothée , Naudot Marie , Dupont Sébastien , Testelin Sylvie , Devauchelle Bernard , Bedoui Fahmi , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Legallais Cécile
Published: January 2024

To move towards clinical applications, tissue engineering (TE) should be
validated with human primary cells and offer easy connection to the
native vascularisation. Based on a sheet-like bone substitute developed
previously, we investigated a mesenchymal stem cells / endothelial cells
(MSCs/ECs) coculture to enhance pre-vascularisation. Using MSCs from 6
independent donors, we focused on donor variability and cell crosstalk.
Coculture was performed on calcium phosphate granules in a specific
chamber (one month). MSCs were seeded first then ECs were added after
two weeks, with control monocultures. Cell viability and organisation
(fluorescence, electronic microscopy), differentiation (ALP
staining/activity, RT-qPCR) and mechanical cohesion were analysed.
Adaptation of the protocol to coculture was validated (high cell
viability and proliferation). Activity and differentiation showed strong
trends towards synergistic effects between cell types. MSCs reached
early mineralization stage of maturation. The delayed ECs addition ECs
allowed for their attachment on developed MSCs. The main impact of donor
variability could be the lack of cell proliferation potential with some
donors, leading to low differentiation and mechanical cohesion and
therefore absence of sheet-like shape successfully obtained with others.
We suggest adapting protocols to cell proliferation potentials from one
batch of cells to the other in a patient-specific approach.
Gram-negative microbiota is related to acute exacerbation in children with asthma
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Jang Haerin , Kim Soo Yeon , Jung Jae Hwa , Kim Ga Eun , Park Mi Reu , Hong Jung Yeon , Kim Mi Na , KIM EUN GYUL , Kim Min Jung , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun
Published: January 2024

Background: The upper-airway microbiota may be associated with the
pathogenesis of asthma and useful for predicting acute exacerbation.
However, the relationship between the lower-airway microbiota and acute
exacerbation in children with asthma is not well-understood. We
evaluated the characteristics of the airway microbiome using induced
sputum from children with asthma exacerbation and compared the
microbiota-related differences of inflammatory cytokines with those in
children with asthma. Methods: We analysed the microbiome using induced
sputum during acute exacerbation of asthma in children. We identified
microbial candidates that were prominent in children with asthma
exacerbation and compared them with those in children with stable asthma
using various analytical methods. The microbial candidates were analysed
to determine their association with inflammatory cytokines. We also
developed a predictive functional profile using PICRUSt. Results:
Ninety-five children with allergic sensitisation including twenty-two
with asthma exacerbation, sixty-seven with stable asthma, and six
controls were evaluated. We selected 26 microbial candidates whose
abundances were significantly increased, decreased, or correlated during
acute exacerbation in children with asthma. Among the microbial
candidates, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus, and
Porphyromonas were associated with inflammatory cytokines including
macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, programmed death-ligand 1, and
granzyme B. Both Campylobacter and MIP-1β levels were correlated with
sputum eosinophils. Increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and
decreased glycan degradation were observed in children with asthma
exacerbation. Conclusions: Gram-negative microbes in the lower airway
were related to acute exacerbation in children with asthma. These
microbes and associated cytokines may play a role in exacerbating asthma
in children.
Follow-up of children with sickle cell anemia screened with transcranial Doppler and enrolled in a primary prevention program of ischemic stroke
Authors: Sabarense Alessandra , Silva Célia , Muniz Maristela , Viana Marcos
Published: January 2024

Background: Stroke is a serious complication of sickle cell anemia
(SCA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is the risk screening tool for
ischemic strokes. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe
the clinical progression of children with SCA who presented with high
risk for stroke by TCD or relevant changes by magnetic resonance
angiography (MRA) and underwent the regular transfusion program (RTP)
and/or hydroxyurea (HU) treatment between 2007 and 2018. Method: This
was a neonatal retrospective/prospective cohort study with children born
between 1999 and 2014 with the homozygotic form (HbSS) or
Sβ0-thalassemia, who underwent TCD at least once. Results: Of the 718
children screened during this period, 675 had HbSS and 43
HbSβ0-thalassemia. In 54 children (7.5%), all with HbSS, a high risk
TCD (n=45) or, when the TCD was inconclusive, MRA with cerebral
vasculopathy (n=9) was detected. Of these, 51 started RTP and the
families of three refused treatment. Of the 43 children with high-risk
TCD who initiated RTP, 29 (67.4%) reverted to low risk. In 18 of them
(62%), HU was started at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) before
transfusion discontinuation. None of these 29 patients had a stroke.
Eight children (18.6%) maintained a high-risk TCD even using RTP/HU,
and two had a stroke. Conclusions: TCD was confirmed as a viable tool
for tracking patients with a risk for stroke. The RTP was effective in
preventing the primary event. New strategies are necessary to prevent
stroke using HU and new drugs, besides bone marrow transplantation.
The Influence of inclined magnetic field, heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic flow of blood in an inclined asymmetric channel with variable viscosity
Authors: Thabet Esraa , Abd-Alla A. , Abo-Dahab S.M.
Published: January 2024

The present study investigates the effects of inclined magnetic field,
heat source/sink, and concentration on the peristaltic flow of blood in
an inclined asymmetric channel with variable viscosity. Mathematical
analysis has been carried out in the presence of aligned magnetic field.
The flow is examined in a wavy frame of references moving with the
velocity of the wave. The physical problem is the first model, and then,
the analytic solution is carried out under long–wavelength and
low-Reynolds number approximation. The expressions for velocity,
temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, tangential stress and
heat transfer coefficient are obtained. The results for the pressure
rise and frictional force have also been computed numerically. Numerical
results are graphically discussed for various values of physical
parameters of interest.
Vibrio cholerae, a fatal pathogen shared by human and fish which was first found in cultured bluegill sunfish may cause human death in China
Authors: yang yibin , chen yuhua , liu yongtao , song yi , ai xiaohui
Published: January 2024

Bluegill sunfish is an important economic fish, which originated in
North America. It was introduced to China in 1987 and is now widely
cultivated in Guangdong Province. In recent years, a fatal bacterial
disease often occurs in cultured bluegill sunfish. The clinical
manifestations of the diseased bluegill sunfish were ulceration and
hyperemia. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the viscera of
diseased fish. It was identified as Vibrio cholerae by morphological,
biochemical and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. The regression infection
experiment confirmed that the isolated strains could cause the disease
of healthy bluegill sunfish. In this study, Vibrio cholerae was isolated
and identified from diseased bluegill sunfish for the first time, and it
provides a basis for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the
disease. At the same time, this study proposed three ways for the
transmission of Vibrio cholerae from aquatic animals to human beings,
warning that we need to pay attention to the serious harm that the
zoonotic bacteria in aquatic animals may cause to human beings, hoping
to attract the attention of the whole society, so as to formulate
effective countermeasures.
Successful tricuspid annulus ablation for adenosine sensitive atrial tachycardia originating from the mitral annulus.
Authors: Takeuchi Ryosuke , hosoya natsuko , Mizuno Yosuke , Matsukura Gaku , Matsunari Masayoshi , Takabayashi Rumi , Ozeki Mariko , Kanda Takahiro , Tawarahara Kei , Fujiki Akira
Published: January 2024

A 57-year-old man with repetitive long R–P supraventricular tachycardia
(SVT) was referred for radiofrequency catheter ablation. SVT was
sensitive to adenosine triphosphate, was not linked between atrial and
ventricular activation, and did not terminate with the ventricular
response; thus, we speculated reentrant atrial tachycardia (AT).
Although the mitral annulus (MA) was the earliest atrial activation site
(EAAS; 5 o’clock), AT was ablated not at the EAAS, but at the tricuspid
annulus (TA; 4 o’clock), 24 ms later than the EAAS. We suggest that
preferential conduction from the TA to the EAAS of the MA may be
involved in AT.
Insight of polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on intestinal inflammation: TLR4 contributes to the linkage between microbiota and autophagy
Authors: Wang Dandan , Shao Shuai , Zhang Yanqiu , Zhao Daqing , Wang Mingxing
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose: Polysaccharides from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
(P. ginseng) are the main active component and exhibit significant
intestinal anti-inflammatory activity. However, the unclear therapeutic
mechanism of ginseng polysaccharide hinders the application for medicine
or functional food. Experimental Approach: In this study, a
polysaccharide was isolated from P. ginseng (GP). The primary structure
and morphology of GP were studied by HPLC, FT-IR spectra, and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). Further, its intestinal anti-inflammatory
activity and its mechanism of function were evaluated in experimental
systems using DSS-induced rats, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT),
and LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. Key Results: Results showed that GP
restored mTOR-dependent autophagic dysfunction via modulating the
structure of gut microbiota and blocking the TLR4-MyD88 pathway.
Consequently, active autophagy suppressed inflammation through the
inhibition of NF-κB, oxidative stress, and the release of cytokines.
Conclusion and Implications: Therefore, our research provided a
rationale for future investigations into the relationship between
microbiota and autophagy via TLR4 and revealed the therapeutic potential
of GP for inflammatory bowel disease.
Fetal heart rate patterns in cerebral palsy associated with umbilical cord troubles: Nationwide cohort study
Authors: Takeda Satoru , HASEGAWA JUNICHI , Nakao Masahiro , Ikeda Tomoaki , Toyokawa Satoshi , Jojima Emi , Satoh Shoji , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Tamiya Nanako , Nakai Akihito , Fujimori Keiya , Maeda Tsugio , Suzuki Hideaki , Iwashita Mitsutoshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu
Published: January 2024

Objective: To clarify the fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern evolution and
estimate the timing of brain injury in infants with cerebral palsy (CP)
according to each of the umbilical cord (UC) troubles. Design:
Longitudinal cohort study using the nationwide registry. Setting:
Children with CP who were approved for disability support by the Japan
Obstetric Compensation System for CP. Population: 126 infants with
severe CP caused by UC troubles with a birth weight of 2000 g and 33
weeks of gestational age. Methods: Observers classified the intrapartum
FHR strips into five groups: (1) the persistent bradycardia (P-Brady);
(2) the persistently non-reassuring (P-NR); (3) Hon’s pattern; (4) the
reassuring-prolonged deceleration (R-PD); and (5) the persistently
reassuring (P-R). Main outcome measures: Timing and type of evolution
patterns of abnormal FHR stratified by various UC troubles. Results: Of
126 cases, 32 were associated with umbilical cord prolapse, and 94 were
with other UC morphological abnormalities. Overall, nearly half of the
eligible cases had intrapartum onset with R-PD (43%). Meanwhile, around
half of those associated with UC morphological abnormalities had an
antenatal onset. In the intrapartum setting, most of the FHR
deteriorations occurred during the first stage of labor, and there was a
high incidence of Hon’s pattern in the case with velamentous insertion
and multiple entanglements. Conclusion: Infants with severe CP
associated with the UC troubles were characterized as sudden onset
during the first stage of labor. Around half of those due to the UC
morphological abnormalities were presumed to have an antenatal onset.
Down-regulation of CD73 on CD4 T Cells from CHIKV Chronic Patients
Authors: PALMEIRA PEDRO , Gois Bruna , Guerra-Gomes Isabel , Peixoto Rephany , Dias Cínthia , Araújo Josélio , Amaral Ian , Keesen Tatjana
Published: January 2024

Chikungunya is an important mosquito-borne disease caused by the
arthritogenic Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is responsible for sporadic
outbreaks all around the world. CD4+ T cells seem to have an important
role in the pathogenesis of Chikungunya disease. Nevertheless, the
mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet fully elucidated. CD39 and
CD73 are ectoenzymes involved in the hydrolysis of pro inflammatory
extracellular ATP and generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. The
expression of these ectoenzymes seems to be modulated in some
arthritogenic diseases. Thus, we investigated peripheral CD4+ T cells
from acute and chronic chikungunya patients concerning ectonucleotidases
CD39 and CD73 expression. Our group also assessed cytokine and cytolytic
granules production and coinhibitory receptors expression in both phases
of the disease using flow cytometry. In the acute phase, patients with
chronic Chikungunya displayed increased levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 when
compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, there was higher production
of IL-10 and IFN-γ in acute phase compared to healthy control and
chronic groups. Besides, while no changes were observed in granzyme B
expression, during chronic phase perforin production was diminished.
Finally, no difference in CD39 expression was found in both phases of
the disease. However, the ectoenzyme CD73 decreased during the chronic
phase, suggesting a possible modulation of extracellular adenosine by
CD4 T cells that may be involved in the persistence of arthritogenic
symptoms. Thus, our data provide new insights into the characteristics
of CD4+T cells highlighting molecules that may be associated with the
pro-inflammatory hallmark of this disease.
The association of missed nursing care with patient-central and nurse-central outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Zhang Haiyan , Zhou Jin
Published: January 2024

Aims To analyze the existing literature on missed nursing care
associated with patient-centered and nurse-centered outcomes. Design As
of September 2019, publications that assess the relationship of missed
nursing care between patient-centered and nurse-centered outcomes were
identified and clarified by performing a meta-analysis. Data Sources
PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for
relevant studies were researched, between the establishment date and
September 6, 2019. Review Methods Search terms were designed to
systematically search on the electronic databases. For each review,
quality, abstract-reporting completeness, full-text methodological
quality. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of
these data illustrated that high score of missed nursing care was
positively associated with the patient adverse outcomes; particularly,
it increases the possibilities of infections, medication errors, falls,
and inpatient mortality. Simultaneously, the patient dissatisfaction and
nurse job dissatisfaction are increased by the high score of missed
nursing care. Conclusion Lowering the levels of missed nursing care may
be a promising approach for improving the experiences of patients and
nurses. Impact Nursing mangers should pay more attention to the nursing
routine work, ensuring nursing work completely done.
Most suitable blade inclination angle for multiphase flow in soybean milk machine
Authors: Li Longhai , Dou Hua-Shu
Published: January 2024

The most suitable blade inclination angle for multiphase flow in soybean
milk machine is obtained by simulating the gas-liquid two-phase flow
field. The result shows that the lower blade A has a greater influence
on the internal flow of soybean milk machine than the upper blade B. As
the angle magnitude of alphaA increases, the peak value of radial
velocity decreases and moves to the interior of the cavity, so does the
total pressure. When alphaA changes from -24° to -26°, the velocity
vector at the bottom of the cavity changes from the connected state to
the separated state, and the pressure difference between the up and the
bottom surface of blade A becomes large. When alphaA=-24°, both the
turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation are large. When alphaB=28°, the
pressure difference reaches the maximum. In summary, the best
inclination angles are alphaA=-24°~-26° and alphaB=28°,
respectively.
Early exercise in intensive care units in China: nurses’ current practices, limitations and intentions
Authors: Wang Jiani , Zhang Chunyan , Jia Yanrui , Shi Chenxi , Xiao Qian
Published: January 2024

Rationale, Aims and Objectives: Early exercise has been extensively
reported as safe and beneficial for critically ill patients. However, it
is not widely implemented as frequently as expected in intensive care
units (ICUs). Little is known regarding nurses’ current practice status
and their intention toward early exercise. This paper aimed to
investigate intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ current practice,
limitations and intention to implement early exercise for ICU patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter survey with the e-questionnaire
was conducted in the ICUs of four tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China.
Results: A majority of the participants had experience with early
exercise for critically ill patients during the last 3 months. Among 156
nurses who had early exercise experience, 49.3% performed early
exercise less than once per week, only 29.5% of them spent
>20 min on early exercise per patient, the main form of
early exercise was in-bed exercise, with 55.8% performing out-of-bed
exercise. Only 24.2% of participants reported having an early exercise
guideline to follow in their work. The forms and frequencies of early
exercise in different ICUs varied greatly, the emergency ICU was the
least ideal, while the respiratory and surgical ICUs were better. Most
participants showed positive intention to implement early exercise, and
their intentions were significantly correlated with their education
level (bachelor degree or above), support from their department, fewer
perceived barriers, and working department. Conclusion: Although
two-thirds of participants had experience with early exercise for
critically ill patients, the implementation details of the early
exercise were not ideal, including inadequate frequency and time etc.
ICU managers should work to develop guidelines or regulations for early
exercise, conduct training programs, overcome the limitations and
provide adequate support for nurses to improve early exercise practices.
‘My Devil Womb’: Patients’ perspectives on, and understanding of, endometriosis: An observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Chilton Nadine , Oudtshoorn Sarah van , Pontré Jennifer , Karthigasu Krishnan , McElhinney Bernadette
Published: January 2024

Objective: To gain insight into patients’ understanding of
endometriosis, utilised sources of information on endometriosis, and
perceptions of available treatment options. Design: Observational
cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected from an outpatient
specialist endometriosis clinic within a tertiary hospital.
Participants: New patients referred with symptoms suggestive of
endometriosis. Methods: A paper based questionnaire was completed by new
patients on their first presentation to the clinic. Main outcome
measures: Patient understanding of symptoms and causes of endometriosis,
types and expectations of treatment, and sources of information utilised
by patients in researching endometriosis. Results: Approximately half of
all included patients were unsure of the aetiology of endometriosis.
Patients who relied on information from specialist gynaecologists were
more optimistic about the outcome of surgical treatment, while those who
relied on general practitioners were more optimistic about the outcome
of medical treatment, when compared to those who sought information from
online sources. Conclusions: Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating
condition, yet there is limited data available regarding both the
sources of information that patients’ access, and their perceptions of
the disease. Given the high proportion of patients in our study who
lacked knowledge of endometriosis, and the negative correlation between
the use of social media for information and perception of treatment,
there is a clear need for improved access to evidence-based resources
for patient education. Funding: None received Keywords: Endometriosis,
laparoscopy, social media, patient education
Timelike ruled surface in one-parameter hyperbolic dual spherical motions.
Authors: Abdel-Baky Rashad , Naghi Monia
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we analyze a certain class of timelike ruled surface in
one-parameter hyperbolic dual spherical motions by means of the E. Study
map. Then, some new formulae of surfaces theory into Minkowski line
space and their geometrical explanations are derived. In addition to
that, timelike Pl¨ucker conoid associated with the motion has been
obtained and investigated in detail. Finally, we have obtained the
necessary and sufficient condition for a timelike ruled surface to be a
constant timelike Disteli-axis.
The Impact of Low Dose Aspirin on Markers of Inflammation and Placental Function: An Ancillary Study of the ASPIRIN Trial
Authors: Araganji Ramesh , Somannavar Manjunath , Vernekar Sunil , Kavi Avinash , Hoffman Matthew , Goudar Shivaprasad
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the impact of low dose aspirin (81mg) on markers
of maternal inflammation and placental function. Setting: Rural Southern
India Population: Nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy dated by
ultrasound who were enrolled in the ASPIRIN (Aspirin Supplementation for
Pregnancy Indicated risk Reduction In Nulliparas) Trial. Methods: We
performed a case control study of women who delivered prematurely
compared to term controls in women enrolled in the ASPIRIN trial. Women
were prospectively enrolled in an ancillary observational trial wherein
maternal serum was collected and measured between 10 to 13 weeks and 17
to 21 weeks of gestation after initiation of aspirin or an identical
placebo. Our primary outcome was the impact of aspirin on markers of
placental function and maternal inflammation. Results: From 2016-18 with
a total of 666 n women enrolled in this ancillary trial of whom 269 were
selected for analyte analysis. Women who received low dose aspirin (LDA)
had lower levels of Alpha Feto-Protein (AFP) at 10 to 13 weeks than
women who received placebo (Placebo) (LDA 18.3 ng/mL vs 21.4 ng/mL -P
0.001). AFP was similar between the two groups at 17 to 21 weeks. No
other differences were seen in in C-Reactive protein or Anti-Mullerian
Hormone. Conclusion: Low dose aspirin administration lowers AFP early in
pregnancy and may be a marker of Aspirin efficacy. Keywords: maternal
serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), preterm birth, aspirin Tweetable
Abstract: Aspirin decreases AFP in the first trimester; a marker
associated with poor birth outcomes.
The complexity of bone health in paediatric oncology; a case series and literature review
Authors: Naeije Leonie , Hofman Paul , Silva Mandy De
Published: January 2024

No international standards include vitamin D levels at diagnosis or
during treatment. It is included in the Children’s Oncology Group long
term follow-up guidelines. However, bone health complications can occur
at diagnosis or during treatment as well. In this brief report, we
illustrate the complexity of bone health complications. We recommend,
given the potentially negative outcomes, the ease of treatment and its
low cost, to identify vitamin D deficiency on diagnosis and check
regularly while undergoing oncological treatment.
Cadmium accumulation, chelation and antioxidation during the process of vacuolar compartmentalization in the hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum L.
Authors: Teng Yue , Yu An , Jiang Ziyang , Guan Wenjie , Li Zhishuai , Yu Hongyan , Zou Luyi
Published: January 2024

Hyperaccumulators store metals in the vacuoles of leaf cells. To
investigate the role of vacuolar compartmentalization in Cd
accumulation, chelation and induced antioxidation, we quantified the
amounts of total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, glutathione (GSH) and reactive
oxygen species (ROS) in leaf cells of Solanum nigrum L. The results
confirmed that vacuoles were, indeed, the main storage compartments for
Cd. We then found that with increased Cd treatment concentration, the Cd
proportion in the vacuoles of protoplasts remained at a certain level
(82.24%-83.40%), and the protoplast maintained its internal stable
concentration (73.81-77.46 mg/L), showing the ultimate capacities for
the vacuolar sequestration and cellular storage of Cd. In addition,
studies on different forms of Cd showed that the chelation state was
dominant in the protoplast. The large level appearance of Cd2+ outside
the vacuole revealed the limitations of vacuolar Cd2+ sequestration. The
relationships between the combined forms of Cd and GSH outside the
vacuole (R2=0.9906) showed GSH was mainly distributed to important
compartments for chelation, not to vacuoles. We also demonstrated the
presence of ROS-induced oxidative stress and detoxification mediated by
the antioxidant GSH in vacuoles, suggesting that sequestration into
vacuoles is an active process accompanied by chelation and
antioxidant-mediated detoxification.
Application of non-negative matrix factorization for studying short-term physiological changes in grapevine from canopy hyperspectral reflection
Authors: Puškarić Staša , Sokač Mateo , Matić Ksenija
Published: January 2024

We have applied non-negative matrix factorization to a database of leaf
hyperspectral reflectance and DMSO chlorophyll extract absorption
measurements from grapevine canopies at seven vineyards in Dalmatia,
Croatia. Extracted spectral signatures show various monthly changes in
grapevine production of chlorophyll. Our signatures represent maximal
absorption values within a specific colour spectrum - blue, red, near
infrared, green and yellow to orange. Association of signatures and
chlorophyll indices vary through time. Signature 4 is the best
chlorophyll proxy. Here we show that the same amount of chlorophyll can
be produced by plants using multiple internal processes or absorption of
different spectrums of light. Changes in these processes can be better
understood by studying extracted reflection signatures instead of just
chlorophyll concentration or vegetation indices. This study shows that
non-negative matrix factorization applied to hyperspectral reflectance
measurements can be a powerful tool in monitoring the short-term changes
in physiology of plants thus could be applied in precision viticulture.
We also tested this model on canopy hyperspectral reflectance measured
at 0.5 m distance from the canopy. This study shows that NMF can be a
powerful tool in monitoring the seasonal grapevine changes in physiology
of plants thus could be applied in precision viticulture.
Surgeons’ preference for off pump or on pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: different level, different strategy?
Authors: Fan Guangpu , Wang Xuan , Chen Chen , Liu Jing , Chen Yu
Published: January 2024

Background: Surgeon‘s preference is an important factor in clinical
strategy for off pump (OPCAB) or on pump (ONCAB) coronary artery bypass
graft (CABG) surgery. This study analyzed the surgeons’ understanding
and the propensity for both techniques. Methods: A self-reported
questionnaire survey was performed. Two sections were included :(1) Q1
questionnaire: to investigate the surgeon’s opinion on the indications
of OPCAB and ONCAB; (2) Q2 questionnaire: to investigate the surgeons’
choice of OPCAB or ONCAB in different clinical situations. Results: The
questionnaires were sent to 169 surgeons. In Q1 questionnaire, 71.2%
surgeons surveyed chose the option which represents that the degree of
overlap between the indications of OPCAB and ONCAB would be greater than
70%. 55.1% surgeons believed that OPCAB had a wider scope of
indications than ONCAB, while 35.3% surgeons believed that ONCAB had
more extensive indications than OPCAB. In Q2 questionnaire, more than
70% of surgeons surveyed chose OPCAB for patients at high risk of
stroke, with renal dysfunction, pulmonary dysfunction, malignancy,
clotting and coagulation disorders or octogenarian patients, while more
than 57.5% of surgeons surveyed chose ONCAB with the conditions of poor
target vessels, ventricular enlargement and dysfunction. 87.5% surgeons
made the choice of ONCAB for novice surgeons. Conclusion: Most surgeons
surveyed agreed that OPCAB and ONCAB are suitable for most of the
patients. Surgeons are more willing to choose ONCAB when facing
complicated heart conditions, while choose OPCAB in the presence of more
serious concomitant diseases.
Manganese accumulation and foliar distribution in the Australian hyperaccumulators Gossia bidwillii and Gossia acmenoides
Authors: Abubakari Farida , Nkrumah Philip Nti , Fernando Dennis R , Erskine Peter D , Echevarria Guillaume , Ent Antony Van der
Published: January 2024

The known manganese (Mn) hyperaccumulator Gossia bidwillii, and G.
acmenoides unknown to hyperaccumulate Mn are tree species native to
subtropical eastern Australia, where they co-occur on Mn-rich soils.
Here, we investigate Mn accumulation and distribution in G. acmenoides
collected from its natural habitat, and propagated G. bidwillii plants
in a Mn dosing trial. Gossia bidwillii were subjected to different
levels of Mn (250 µg g-1, 500 µg g-1, 1000 µg g-1) treatments whereas G.
acmenoides were sampled from Mn rich soil. We used laboratory-based
X-ray Florescence Microscopy (XFM) to elucidate in situ distribution
patterns of Mn and other elements in hydrated G. acmenoides and G.
bidwillii tissues. Data from G. acmenoides revealed that contrary to
existing knowledge, it can be strongly Mn-hyperaccumulating, with foliar
Mn concentrations of 39 000 µg g-1 and 24 000 µg g-1 in old and young
leaves, respectively. In the Mn dosing trial, G. bidwillii accumulated
24 400 µg g-1 in old leaves and 17 100 µg g-1 in young leaves at the
highest treatment level. The XFM data revealed clear interspecies
differences in foliar Mn distribution patterns, with wild G. acmenoides
leaves uniformly enriched throughout the laminae and petioles of both
young and old leaves; while in G. bidwillii, the foliar Mn distribution
was primarily concentrated at the apex and lamina. The approach employed
of combining data from the field and controlled experiments was
especially effective for comparing Mn accumulation in these two species
and gaining added insight into the phenomenon of Mn hyperaccumulation.
OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES AMONG LOW RISK PARTURIENTS WHEN ACTIVE PHASE OF LABOR IS DEFINED AT A CERVICAL DILATATION OF 6 VERSUS 4 CENTIMETRES AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL, KENYA
Authors: francis okoth , Osoti Alfred , Ogutu Omondi , Pulei Anne , Michoma Peter
Published: January 2024

Background: Neal et al. suggested that active labor started at 6
centimeters (cm) cervical dilatation which differs from Friedman’s labor
curve of 4cm. The feasibility and risk of adverse obstetric outcomes
when active labor starts at 4cm compared to 6cm dilatation has not been
studied amongst African women. Objective: Compare incidences of adverse
obstetric outcomes among low-risk parturients when active labor starts
at 6cm versus 4cm dilatation. Methodology:180 low-risk parturients in
spontaneous labor between 37-42 weeks gestation with a singleton fetus
in cephalic presentation and reassuring fetal status were recruited,
allotted to 4 cm or 6 cm arms and intrapartum and immediate postpartum
outcomes recorded. Demographic characteristics were summarized and
Chi-square tests used to evaluate relationships between study arms.
P-value was considered significant at <0.05 at the 95% level
of confidence. Results: Between January and April 2019, 90 parturients
each were recruited to the 4cm and 6cm arms. Demographic and
reproductive characteristics were comparable on admission. Defining
active labor at cervical dilatation of 4 cm versus 6 cm was not
associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, the
need for amniotomy and oxytocin was 1.44 (1.09-1.96) and 1.42
(1.07-1.88) times higher when active labor was defined as cervical
dilation of 4 cm than 6 cm (P<0.05). Conclusion: Defining
active labor at cervical dilatation of 4 cm versus 6 cm was not linked
with adverse obstetric outcomes. However, defining active labor at 4 cm
than 6 cm increased the risk of amniotomy and oxytocin administration
1.44 and 1.42-fold.
Real World Management of Anaphylaxis Versus the NICE Guidelines
Authors: Nasr Iman , Mahdi Asmaa , Wahshi Humaid Al , Nasr Ikram , Juma Saad Al , Alshekaili Latifa , Zakwani Ibrahim Al , Salmi Issa Al
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction
involving multiple systems caused by the sudden release of mediators
from mast cells. This study aims to assess the current practice of
emergency management of adults and children diagnosed with anaphylaxis
at the Royal Hospital, against the recommendations of the National
Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Methods:
This is an observational study of all anaphylaxis cases which took place
at the emergency department (ED) during a 5-year period. Results: Of 100
patients with a preliminary diagnosis of anaphylaxis, 49% were
true-anaphylaxis cases based on the WAO definition. All the 49-patients
with true-anaphylaxis received adrenaline intramuscularly at ED. 24
(48.9%) of them were referred to an immunologist: 8/24 (33.3%) were
adults and 16/24 (66.6%) were children. 16-children were admitted, seen
by an immunologist and received an adrenaline autoinjector when
indicated. 25 of the 33 adult patients (75.7%) were discharged from the
ED with no onward referral to a specialist. None of the adult patients
received an adrenaline autoinjector prior to discharge from ED and no
one had a tryptase level checked. Conclusion: The paediatric emergency
department fulfilled all the criteria for anaphylaxis management in
accordance with NICE guidelines except for measuring serum tryptase
where appropriate. By contrast, the adult patients were discharged from
ED without an adrenaline autoinjector as an interim measure until seen
by an allergist or immunologist. Therefore, education is the best
strategy to improve the management of this severe and possible fatal
condition.
Functional Transcranial Doppler: selection of methods for statistical analysis and representation of changes in flow velocity.
Authors: Egger Stephan , Bobes Julio , Seifritz Erich , Schuepbach Daniel
Published: January 2024

Introduction Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is method used to study cerebral
hemodynamics. The analysis majority of TCD studies are conducted at
group level, pooling change in flow velocity over several subjects.
Analysis of variance are the most frequently applied statistical methods
However, due to the dynamic nature of flow velocity, non- parametric
tests, may allow for a better representation of results. Methods During
a visuo-motor task, the mean flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral
artery (MCA) in healthy-subjects was measured using TCD. All MFV values
were converted to relative values, i.e. compared with resting values.
The results obtained were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM)
and the general additional models (GAM). Both methods of analysis were
compared against with each other. Results The sample comprised 30
healthy participants, aged 33.87±7.48 years; 33% females. The MFV for
the first 20 seconds was 1.06±0.07 in the right-MCA and 1.08±0.07 in the
left-MCA. Both MCAs showed a steady increase in MFV, returning to
resting state. GL- and GA-Models showed a statistically significant
change in MFC (GLM: F (2, 3598) = 16.76, p<0.001; GAM: F (2,
3598) = 21.63, p<0.001); as well as differences in hemispheric
side and gender. Comparing the models using a Chi-square test for
goodness of fit yields a significant difference X2 (9.9556) = 0.6836, p=
<0.000. With a superiority of the models using GAM. Discussion
GLM and GAM of the MFV yielded similar results; the model using the GAM
resulted in a better measurement of fit. The GAM’s advantage becomes
clearer when the mean flow velocity curves are visualised; yielding a
more realistic approach to brain hemodynamics, thus allowing for an
improvement in interpretation of the mathematical and statistical
results. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the utility of the GAM for
the analysis of hemodynamic measurements.
PIEZOELECTRIC BEAMS WITH MAGNETIC EFFECT AND NONLINEAR DAMPING: GENERAL STABILITY
Authors: Afilal Mounir , Soufiyane Abdelaziz , Santos Mauro
Published: January 2024

A coupled model of piezoelectric beams with magnetic effect and
nonlinear damping is considered. Assuming adequate hypotheses on
nonlinear damping, uniform decay rates for the solution is established.
Development of SSR markers from the muscle transcriptome of the Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii
Authors: Ying Jia , YU SHI
Published: January 2024

The Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii), which inhabits the Far East of
Eurasia, can adapt to cold waters, including frozen water bodies.
Therefore, this fish is a vertebrate model for research on the mechanism
of cryopreservation in whole bodies. Moreover，the fish is one of the
most invasive fish species. However, about the evolution mechanism of
the fish resistance to cold and genetic variation in native and
non-native is not clear. Currently, only few genetic markers have been
developed and no detailed genetic information is available for P.
glenii. Here, we characterized a large set of genome-wide
gene-associated microsatellite markers for P. glenii from muscle
transcriptome. A total of 134,865,569 clean reads of 39.98 Gb
nucleotides were generated. From these, 11,117 microsatellites were
screened based on RNA-seq > 1 kb unigenes and 7802
sequences with enough flanking regions were used for designing SSR
primers. We randomly chose 150 microsatellites for further
characterization. Of these, 94 were successfully amplified and 91 were
found to be polymorphic in at least one of the two populations assessed,
which indicated the high quality of the generated transcripts. Moderate
differentiation was observed between the populations, indicating the
need for protecting the fish before loss of genetic diversity. Based on
the microsatellites that were successfully validated, 4733 SSR markers
could be developed; this large set of markers would provide a powerful
genome-wide tool for future population or ecological studies.
Evaluation of genotoxic and cytogenetic effects of saponins and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on viral vaccine
Authors: Magnelli Roberta , Stocco Rita , Junior Pedro da Silva , Mendonça Ronaldo
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is the etiological agent of bovine
papillomatosis, infectious disease characterized by the presence of
benign tumors that can progress to malignancy. The phylogenetic
classification of the PVs is performed based on the sequence homology of
the Open Reading Frame L1, the most conserved among different viral
serotypes. Given the immunogenicity of saponins, its has been used as a
candidate as adjuvant use. For this reason, the safety of using saponin
as an adjuvant has to be better determined to human or veterinary
vaccine use. So, this study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic and
genotoxic effect of saponins in comparison with the adjuvant widely used
aluminum hydroxide using an isolated and purified L1 protein from BPV as
model. In this study, genomic lesions, which after processed without
repair can result in mutations, were detected by comet assay. Possible
damages to genetic material caused by structural chromosomal changes
(clastogenesis), as well as chromosomal losses (aneugenesis) were
evaluated by the micronucleus test. Both tests were done on
polychromatic erythrocytes and Vero cells. The evaluation of apoptosis
and necrosis of treated Vero cells was made by Annexin V / PI staining
and flow cytometry. The two vaccine products (L1 +Saponin and L1 +
Aluminum Hydroxide) showed damages compatible with the positive control
in the comet assay and both slightly elevated the micronucleus levels,
in the Cell Viability Assay the results with Aluminum Hydroxide were
satisfactory, characterizing Aluminum Hydroxide as a safer adjuvant
according to the proposed tests, better than the saponins. Some
fractions of the saponin extract separated by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography were evaluated against genotoxic activity by comet assay,
and their identities were confirmed by similarity to the reference
standard by mass spectrometry. Keywords: bovine papillomavirus, vaccine,
adjuvant, saponin, aluminum hydroxide genotoxicity, cytogenetic effect,
Agave sisalana Perrine (sisal)
Fertility-sparing surgery and fertility preservation in cervical cancer: the desire for parenthood, reproductive and obstetric outcomes.
Authors: Plas Rosalie van der , Bos Annelies , Jürgenliemk-Schulz Ina , Gerestein Kees , Zweemer Ronald
Published: January 2024

Objective to evaluate the desire for parenthood and
reproductive outcomes following fertility-sparing treatment for invasive
cervical cancer including Vaginal Radical Trachelectomy (VRT), Radical
Hysterectomy (RH) and chemoradiotherapy. Design Retrospective
cohort study Setting Tertiary referral center in the
Netherlands Population patients <45 years with
invasive cervical cancer desiring to maintain reproductive potential.
Methods Clinicopathologic and reproductive outcomes were
retrieved from medical files and postal questionnaires for patients
treated between 2009 – 2020. Main outcome measures Survival,
recurrences, fertility and pregnancy outcomes Results 75
patients were identified of whom 34 underwent VRT, 9 RH and 32 had
(chemo)radiotherapy. 26 patients started fertility preservation (FP)
procedures of whom 23 (88.5%) successfully preserved fertility. After a
median follow-up of 49 months, 5 patients developed recurrent disease
and died. Reproductive outcomes were available for 58 patients of whom
89.6% maintained their desire for parenthood. Following VRT, 15
patients conceived 21 pregnancies which resulted in 15 live-births,
yielding a pregnancy rate of 61.9% and live-birth rate of 75.0%.
Following RH or (chemo)radiotherapy, 3 surrogate pregnancies were
established (21.4%) using frozen-thawed oocytes (n=2) and ovarian
tissue fragments (n=1) with good neonatal outcomes. Conclusions
Many cervical cancer patients maintain the desire to become parents
after cancer treatment. Vaginal Radical Trachelectomy and Fertility
Preservation enable young women with invasive cervical cancer to become
a parent after cancer treatment. Structural and timely fertility
counseling is of the essence when attempting fertility-sparing treatment
and should be available to all. Keywords cervical cancer /
oncofertility / trachelectomy / fertility preservation / surrogacy
Spatio-temporal determinants of arthropod biodiversity across an agro-ecosystem landscape
Authors: Burgess Patrick , Betini Gustavo , Cholewka Ashley , DeWaard Jeremy , DeWaard Stephanie , Griswold Cortland , Hebert P. , MacDougall Andrew , McCann Kevin , McGroarty Jennifer , Miller Eleish , Perez Kate , Ratnasingham Sujeevan , Steinke Dirk , Wright Emma , Zakharov Evgeny , Fryxell John
Published: January 2024

Arthropod communities globally are declining while undergoing taxonomic
and functional homogenization, with agricultural activity being a strong
contributory factor. Here we use DNA metabarcoding to quantify how
variation in climate, agricultural intensity, and plant community
composition shape spatiotemporal variation in a metacommunity of
> 10,000 arthropod species sampled from 29 Malaise traps
across 15 sites in southern Ontario, Canada. Local variation in plant
community composition and canopy cover best explained arthropod
community dissimilarity. Climatic variables followed closely as
explanatory factors, driven primarily by seasonal variation in
temperature. The proportion of agricultural land at the landscape scale
had no detectable effect. Our results suggest that plant community
composition, microclimate, and seasonality structured the arthropod
metacommunity to considerable degree, factors that are rarely
incorporated into assessments of biodiversity loss due to agriculture.
We conclude that habitat restoration on marginal lands is likely an
effective strategy for promoting arthropod biodiversity in
agroecosystems.