bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a pandemic-related core set of quality indicators for quality and patient safety in University Hospitals in Germany
Authors: Evers Janis , Altschuck Natalie , Mehl Claudia , Rüthrich Lilly , Harst Lorenz , Walther Felix , Steidle Oliver , Suckow Arnt , Hecker Ruth , Schmitt Jochen , Geraedts Max
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic entailed a global health crisis, significantly affecting medical service delivery in Germany as well as elsewhere. While intensive care capacities were overloaded by COVID cases, not only elective cases but also non-COVID cases requiring urgent treatment unexpectedly decreased, potentially leading to a deterioration in health outcomes. However, these developments were only uncovered retrospectively. Especially university hospitals, which were meant to take on a central coordinating role, did not have detailed information on expected healthcare utilization, available resources and capacities, and the quality of medical care.

The experience of compromised healthcare and a lack of monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic made it clear that healthcare systems should be better prepared. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a set of indicators suited to detect undesirable developments concerning the provision of inpatient healthcare.

Material & methods

The study employed a literature review, online surveys, expert interviews, and a multistep evaluation process to develop a core set of quality indicators (QIs) suitable for assessing the resilience of university hospitals during pandemics. This initial set of indicators was refined through consultations with a) quality and risk management officials from German university hospitals via an online survey and b) a diverse panel of experts.

Results

The comprehensive evaluation identified two primary strands: organizational/management indicators (Strand A, 60 indicators) and disease-specific clinical quality and patient safety indicators (Strand B, 20 indicators for critical conditions like stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer.) Three additional indicators were added after a final expert panel meeting, resulting in a final set of 83 indicators.

Discussion and conclusion

The developed QIs mark a significant advancement in the operational preparedness of university hospitals for pandemics. The study contributes to quality management in healthcare during pandemics by creating the basis for a structured approach to pandemic preparedness and response. This unique set of QIs within the German context presents an opportunity for establishing quality improvement, underscoring the importance of a robust, adaptable quality management framework as a basis for safeguarding against future health crises.
SarkoLife: quality of life in patients undergoing multimodal soft tissue sarcoma treatment
Authors: Hoffmann Sebastian , Hoffmann Tabea , Potkrajcic Vlatko , Deinzer Christoph K. W. , Benzler Katrin , Zender Lars , Daigeler Adrien , Thiel Johannes Tobias
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the tolerability of multimodal therapy in soft tissue sarcoma patients, particularly with regard to their quality of life and level of distress.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study enrolled individuals receiving sarcoma therapy at the sarcoma center of the University of Tuebingen between 2017 and 2022. Participants completed an online survey that included the EORTC’s questionnaire (QLQ-C30), coupled with the distress thermometer and demographic inquiries. The primary emphasis was on comparing three distinct modalities: Radiation, Chemotherapy and Surgery. The data were analysed performing one-way ANOVA.

Results

A total of 237 patients were included in the study. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in quality of life according to the EORTC scores (high score = high quality of life) between the different treatments: chemotherapy (mean: 26.8 [standard deviation: 19.5]), radiotherapy (51.0 [21.5]), and surgery (46.9 [28.3]). Similarly, a statistically significant discrepancy (p < 0.001) was found in average distress levels (high score = high level of distress) corresponding to each treatment type: radiation (5.0 [2.7]), surgery (6.0 [2.9]), and chemotherapy (7.4 [2.4]). The rates of patients willing to undergo the same treatment varied across groups, with the highest percentage observed in the surgery group (94.2%), followed by radiation (87.4%), and chemotherapy (73.5%).

Conclusion

Patients receiving multimodal therapy for soft tissue often find chemotherapy particularly demanding. Impairment of both quality of life and physical well-being is more likely and tends to be more severe compared with radiation or surgery. These observations should be taken into consideration when consenting patients and offering treatment plans.
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii triggers coagulation at the blood-brain barrier and a reduction in cerebral blood flow
Authors: Hoover Evelyn M. , Schneider Christine A. , Crouzet Christian , Lima Tatiane S. , Velez Dario X. Figueroa , Tran Cuong J. , Agalliu Dritan , Gandhi Sunil P. , Choi Bernard , Lodoen Melissa B.
Published: January 2025

Background

Immunothrombosis is the process by which the coagulation cascade interacts with the innate immune system to control infection. However, the formation of clots within the brain vasculature can be detrimental to the host. Recent work has demonstrated that Toxoplasma gondii infects and lyses central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, little is known about the effect of T. gondii infection on the BBB and the functional consequences of infection on cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the different stages of infection.

Main body

We demonstrate that brain endothelial cells upregulate the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and become morphologically more tortuous during acute T. gondii infection of mice. Longitudinal two-photon imaging of cerebral blood vessels during infection in mice revealed vascular occlusion in the brain, prompting an analysis of the coagulation cascade. We detected platelet-fibrin clots within the cerebral vasculature during acute infection. Analysis of CBF using longitudinal laser-speckle imaging during T. gondii infection demonstrated that CBF decreased during acute infection, recovered during stable chronic infection, and decreased again during reactivation of the infection induced by IFN-γ depletion. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment of mice with a low-molecular-weight heparin, an anticoagulant, during infection partially rescued CBF in T. gondii-infected mice without affecting parasite burden.

Conclusions

Our data provide insight into the host-pathogen interactions of a CNS parasite within the brain vasculature and suggest that thrombosis and changes in cerebral hemodynamics may be an unappreciated aspect of infection with T. gondii.
Two independent families with de novo whole APC gene deletion and intellectual disability: a case report
Authors: Iwaizumi Moriya , Taniguchi Terumi , Kojima Risa , Osawa Harumo , Tatsuta Kyota , Sakata Mayu , Osawa Satoshi , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Sugimoto Ken
Published: January 2025

Background

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant colorectal tumour syndrome characterised by the formation of multiple adenomatous polyps throughout the colon. It is important to understand the extracolonic phenotype that characterizes FAP. Most previous case reports of patients with both FAP and intellectual disability (ID) have described deletions in all or part of chromosome 5q, including the APC locus. However, it remains unclear whether the ID phenotype in patients with FAP is due to APC disruption or another genetic defect in the deleted 5q region.

Case presentation

Patient of family 1 is a 32-year-old woman presented with > 500 colorectal adenomatous polyps, gastric fundic gland polyposis, several duodenal adenomas, and mild intellectual disability (ID). She had no known family history of the FAP phenotype or ID. By copy number trio analysis, a 15.4 Mb interstitial heterozygous de novo deletion including APC region was observed in 5q21.2. q22.3. The patient in family 2 was a 29-year-old man with approximately 50 colorectal adenomatous polyps, fundic gland polyposis in the stomach, non-ampullary adenomas in the duodenum, and mild ID. He had no family history of the FAP phenotype or ID. Using copy number trio analysis, a de novo 9.8 Mb heterozygous deletion was identified on 5q22.1. q23.1 which includes the APC region.

Conclusions

Based on previous reports and the present study, we narrowed down the 5p deletion region associated with ID in FAP. Further investigation is required to understand ID due to 5q stromal deletion.
Late Miocene Tapiridae from Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula): taxonomic and paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Pandolfi Luca , Arranz Sara G. , Almécija Sergio , Galindo Jordi , Luján Àngel H. , Pina Marta , Urciuoli Alessandro , Casanovas-Vilar Isaac , Alba David M.
Published: January 2025

European Miocene tapirs (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) are mainly documented by isolated and fragmentary remains, and little is known about the morphological variability of the various recognized species, in particular concerning the deciduous dentition. Here, we describe new material from three Vallesian (Late Miocene) sites of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula): Creu de Conill 20 (CCN20; earliest MN9, 11.2 Ma), Can Llobateres 1 (CLL1; earliest MN10, 9.8 Ma), and Can Gambús-Illeta 5 (CGS-I5; MN10, 9.7–9.1 Ma). The described material, including previously reported specimens from CLL1, consists of a juvenile cranium as well as deciduous and permanent teeth, which are compared with those of Late Miocene tapirid species from Europe (Tapirus priscus, Tapirus antiquus, Tapiriscus pannonicus, Tapiriscus balkanicus, and Tapirus arvernensis), supporting an attribution to T. priscus. The Vallès-Penedès specimens provide further insight into the morphological variability of T. priscus, particularly regarding its deciduous dentition, as well as its distinction from T. arvernensis. Tapirus priscus occurred in Western Europe during the early and late Vallesian (MN9–MN10) and became extinct in Central Europe during the early Turolian (MN11), leaving a gap in the fossil record of Tapirus until the arrival of T. arvernensis at the MN13–MN14 transition. From a paleoecological perspective, the presence of Tapirus agrees with paleoenvironmental reconstructions of CLL1 as a humid and densely forested wetland/riparian forest with more open areas nearby, while the CGS-I5 material attests to the persistence of such kind of environments in the Vallès-Penedès Basin sometime into the late Vallesian. In contrast, the occurrence of Tapirus is at odds with previous paleoenvironmental inferences for CCN20, which indicated a more open and arid environment, suggesting that the earliest Vallesian in this basin was characterized by more humid and forested conditions than previously assumed (in further agreement with the roughly coeval site of Castell de Barberà).
Coping, meaning in life, and quality of life during ongoing conflict: insights from Israeli populations
Authors: Sarid Orly , Hamama Liat , Hamama-Raz Yaira
Published: January 2025

Background

Conducted in May 2024, this study examines the well-being of Israeli evacuees and non-evacuees from conflict zones. We assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), meaning in life (MIL), coping strategies, psychological symptoms, and self-mastery. Aims include exploring effects of trauma and socio-demographics on HRQoL and MIL, analyzing mediating roles of psychological symptoms and coping, and evaluating if evacuation status moderates these relationships during ongoing conflict.

Methods

In May 2024, seven months post–October 7th attacks, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 366 participants (221 evacuated, 145 non-evacuated) via a survey company. We assessed HRQoL (SF-12), MIL (MLQ), psychological symptoms (PHQ-4), self-related and other-related coping strategies (Brief COPE), and self-mastery (Self-Mastery Scale) through self-reported measures. Path and moderated mediation analyses evaluated relationships among socio-demographics, psychological symptoms, coping variables, HRQoL, and MIL.

Results

Except for self-mastery, northern and southern evacuees showed no significant differences and were combined into one group. Path analysis revealed significant associations between traumatic life events, HRQoL, and MIL. Traumatic events were negatively associated with the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQoL and positively with anxiety, depression, and coping (self and others- problem-solving). Depression negatively related to PCS, mental component summary (MCS), and MIL, while coping (self and others) was positively associated with MIL. Moderated mediation analysis showed evacuated participants had higher dysfunctional coping, whereas non-evacuated participants demonstrated a stronger positive relationship between anxiety and the search for meaning.

Conclusion

Despite regional differences, evacuees exhibited similar psychological responses, likely due to the shared experience of displacement. Traumatic events negatively impacted their HRQoL and MIL. Adaptive coping strategies—self-related and problem-focused coping through helping others—played significant roles in mitigating these effects. The theoretical frameworks of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Taylor’s “tend and befriend” model, and Frankl’s existential framework provided a basis for explaining these findings.
Is there a significant relationship between the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals and the psychological resilience of teachers? Understanding the moderating effects of gender and length of time spent with the school principal
Authors: Çevik Mehmet Sabir , Doğan Emine
Published: January 2025

The psychological resilience of teachers has gained significant attention due to its positive effects on schools and students. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the moderating roles of gender and the length of time spent with the school principal in the relationship between principals' empowering leadership behaviors and teachers' psychological resilience. Data were collected from 362 teachers working in public primary, secondary, and high schools in Siirt, Türkiye. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderation analysis using the bootstrapping method were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals positively correlate with teachers' psychological resilience, with variations based on gender and time spent with the principal. Specifically, the relationship is stronger for female teachers compared to male teachers and for those who have spent more time with the school principal. These results offer theoretical insights and practical recommendations for enhancing teacher resilience through leadership practices, highlighting the importance of understanding contextual and demographic factors.
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine diagnostic samples in Hungary, 2020–2023
Authors: Albert Ervin , Kis István Emil , Kiss Krisztián , K-Jánosi Katalin , Révész Tamás , Biksi Imre
Published: January 2025

Background

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and a significant zoonotic agent, causing substantial economic losses in the swine sector and having considerable public health importance. The control and management of S. suis-related conditions has become increasingly challenging due to the multitude of involved serotypes with varying antimicrobial resistance patterns. Here, we report the serological distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis isolates isolated form clinical samples of Hungarian large-scale swine farms.

Results

Between 2020 and 2023, altogether 296 S. suis isolates were obtained from diseased pigs of 64 Hungarian pig operations. Serotyping of the isolates was carried out by using molecular methods (cps-typing). The isolated strains belonged to 24 single cps-types. The most frequently detected cps-types during the four years of this passive survey were 9 (19.6%), 2 (19.3%), 1/2 (18.9%) and 7 (14.5%). The brain, spleen, endocardial valve thrombus and lung proved to be the most frequent site of S. suis strain isolation, and animals 29–75 days of age were affected in the highest proportion.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration for 15 antimicrobial agents of veterinary and human importance using a commercial microdilution assay. More than 90% of the tested isolates proved to be susceptible to the examined beta-lactams, cephalosporins and florfenicol, as well as to rifampicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. Phenotypic resistance profiles (resistotypes) of clindamycin-tetracyclin (3.8%), clindamycin-erythromycin-tetracyclin (8.4%) and clindamycin-erythromycin-tetracyclin-trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (3.8%) were most frequently detected. Vancomycin resistance was observed in the case of 1 S. suis strain.

Conclusions

The dominance of S. suis cps-types 9, 2, 1/2 and 7 in Hungary over the four years of this study aligns with previous reports from several countries worldwide. The presence of highly susceptible S. suis isolates suggests a prudent antibiotic usage and treatment practice in the surveyed Hungarian swine operations. In contrary, the presence of several resistotypes could indicate the problem of antibiotic resistance in the future.
Patient experience with eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms and impacts on daily life based on in-trial qualitative interviews
Authors: Ho Calvin N. , Fjällbrant Harald , Dellon Evan S. , Santander Cecilio , Rothenberg Marc E. , Bailey Julie , McFadden Shehan , Ritchie Jason
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic immune-mediated progressive disease, causes dysphagia, food impaction, abdominal pain, vomiting, and heartburn. EoE requires long-term monitoring and can affect quality of life owing to its symptoms and associated emotional and social burden. This study aimed to understand patients’ experiences with EoE.

Methods

Semi-structured longitudinal interviews were conducted with patients from MESSINA, a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial evaluating benralizumab for EoE. Interviews were held at two different times to assess the impact of EoE on patients’ lives before and during trial participation. Data were analyzed qualitatively to develop detailed patient profiles.

Results

The MESSINA trial was terminated prematurely. Of the 34 patients recruited for the first interview, 15 (44%) completed the second interview and 11 patient profiles were developed. Patients were a demographically diverse group with varying experiences. The primary reported symptom was difficulty swallowing (n = 11), leading to serious consequences like choking and hospitalization (n = 2). Other symptoms included pain when swallowing (n = 7), reflux (n = 6), and stomachache (n = 6). In the second interview, most (n = 9) patients reported moderate improvements in symptoms, while others experienced symptom recurrence or worsening. EoE had a significant negative impact on social and emotional well-being, and professional lives. Trial participation improved emotional well-being for some; however, concerns about the need for ongoing treatment were noted.

Conclusion

This study highlighted emotional and social burdens of EoE. The encouraging feedback on study participation underscores the importance of patient insights in developing holistic management strategies for EoE.
Evolutive radiological findings in a case of coccidioidal infection in an immunocompetent male: a case report
Authors: La Montanara Paolo , Albergo Annamaria , Capozzi Loredana , Castellana Roberto , Cazzato Gerardo , De Carlo Carmela , Denicolò Sofia , Netti Antonella , Poliseno Mariacristina , Ranieri Enrica Maddalena , Romano Caterina , Rossiello Annalisa , Stolfa Stefania , Tripoli Alessandra , Vella Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Background

Bone infections such as chronic fungal erosive osteomyelitis are uncommon forms of bone infection. The endemic dimorphic fungus Coccidioides impact generally immunocompromised patients. These infections frequently have no symptoms and the clinical signs remain undetected, allowing the infection to worsen over weeks or months. Mycotic arthritis is one of the rarest clinical symptoms; it is hard to distinguish from other types of arthritis, which slows down the diagnosis procedure.

Case presentation

In order to demonstrate the beginning and progression of radiological abnormalities in a case of aggressive fungal osteomyelitis, we provide the case of a 31-year-old male patient here. The man showed signs of extensive bone erosion and inflammatory involvement in his right knee and right hallux phalanx, although he had no prior history of immunodeficiency. The infection resulting from Coccidioides Immitis in his right knee and in his hallux was the reason for the injuries.

Conclusions

While an acute, benign, and self-eradicating lung infection is the predominant presentation for most cases of coccidioidomycosis, a small percentage of patients experience a devastating extrapulmonary condition, which can include arthritis. The pathogenic mechanism of bone involvement is unknown, and it often remains untreated. Here, we discuss radiographic evidence of particular bone inflammation during the early phase and later phases of the disease, since management of this chronic condition remains a challenge. We propose that imaging may mimic osseous neoplasia in persistent fungal diseases, such as coccidioidomycosis.
Biogenic nanotransferosomal vesicular system of Clerodendrum serratum L. for skin cancer therapy: formulation, characterization, and efficacy evaluation
Authors: Bhinge Somnath Devidas , Jadhav Sayali , Lade Pranali , Bhutkar Mangesh Anil , Gurav Shailendra , Jadhav Namdeo , Patil Abhinandan , Upmanyu Neeraj
Published: January 2025

Background

The pivotal intent of this study was to investigate the medicinal potential of synthesized nanotransferosomes utilizing Clerodendrum serratum L. hydroalcoholic extract (CS-NTs). Three batches, CS-NTs 25, CS-NTs 50, and CS-NTs 100, were formulated using the thin-film hydration approach with varying concentrations of phospholipids (soya phosphatidylcholine) at 25, 50, and 100 mg, respectively, to evaluate their efficacy against skin cancer cell lines. Several analytical approaches, such as UV/Vis spectroscopy, XRD spectra, FTIR, TEM, SEM, particle size distribution, and zeta potential analysis, were employed to assess the synthesized CS-NTs.

Results

Experimental results revealed that CS-NTs exhibited a circular shape, with average vesicle sizes approximately measured at 463.6 ± 100.5 nm, 265.5 ± 61.6 nm, and 409.6 ± 106.2 nm for CS-NTs 25, CS-NTs 50, and CS-NTs 100, respectively. Notably, biologically synthesized CS-NTs 25 offer potential anticancer benefits against B10F16 (skin cancer cell line) cells, exhibiting no signs of adverse effects. The heightened biological potential of CS-NTs can be ascribed to their unique characteristics at the nanoscale, characterized by an average vesicle size and lower polydispersity value, which facilitate augmented responsiveness and interactions with biological systems.

Conclusion

CS-NTs 25 formulated through the biogenic process using C. serratum hydroalcoholic plant root extract hold significant potential for anticancer activity.

Graphical abstract
The Skin of Trees
Authors: Chanchani Nachiket
Published: January 2025

Informed by interviews, studio visits, exhibition openings, and on-site observation of a changing landscape, this essay argues that recent artworks by Sopheap Pich and several other Cambodian and Vietnamese artists prompt us to think of the materiality of plants, their taxidermy, and the possibility of laboriously creating plant–human amalgams without completely anthropomorphizing nature or partaking in the anthropomorphic transforming into the arboreal. This article also maintains that these contemporary Southeast Asian artists are willfully relinquishing some control over their artworks and letting form-making and meaning-making activities that also occur outside the human realm to transpire. By doing so, they are investigating, representing, and addressing grave social and environmental problems that the region has been experiencing since the 1970s.
Building Symbolic Capital through International Cultural Exchange
Authors: Liu Prynne Yan , Liu Jules Zhao
Published: January 2025

Gao Jianfu (1879–1951) is one of the most famous artists of twentieth-century China. His art and career have both attracted much scholarly attention. Nevertheless, despite a proliferation of studies, existing scholarship has ignored an important period in his career, specifically the period from 1927 to 1933. This article addresses this research gap. Drawing on newspaper articles, archival materials, and newly discovered letters between Gao and his friends, this study delineates Gao's career trajectory during this period. The article argues that this phase was a turning point in Gao's career, a time when he successfully turned himself from a discredited artist into an internationally acclaimed master. This change was achieved through his South Asian tour, during which he won great support from Pan-Asianist artists, reaped considerable symbolic capital, and built up his prestige and recognition in the Asian art world. This research enriches scholars’ understanding of an obscure period in Gao's artistic career and provides a new perspective on his ultimate success.
The effect of moisture during development on phenotypes of egg-laying reptiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bell Cameron , Raynal Rebecca S. , Noble Daniel W. A. , Schwanz Lisa E. , Warner Daniel A. , Pruett Jenna E. , Riley Julia L.
Published: January 2025

The embryonic environment is critical for the development of many ectothermic vertebrates, which makes them highly vulnerable to environmental change. Changes in temperature and moisture, in particular, are known to influence embryo survival and offspring phenotypes. While most papers concerning phenotypic development of terrestrial ectotherms focus on the role of temperature on eggs and embryos, the comparatively small number of studies on the effects of substrate moisture are well suited for quantitative analysis aimed at guiding future research. To accomplish this goal, we compiled data from 37 studies on 28 different reptile species and used a meta-analytic approach to quantify the effect of substrate moisture on several offspring outcomes: hatching success (survival), incubation duration, hatchling mass and length, and sex ratio. We found that substrate moisture had a small effect across most traits but significantly affected body size (i.e., length and mass), with wetter conditions producing longer and heavier hatchlings. Temperature also moderated the effect of moisture on hatching success; with higher temperatures resulting in lower success. Additionally, the effect of moisture on hatching success and hatchling mass was enhanced by larger differences in moisture concentration between treatments, yet the effect was small. Lastly, substrate moisture affected sex ratio in turtles, but not in other squamates. Overall, these analyses provide a foundation for further research investigating the effects of moisture on oviparous reptile development. Increasing the diversity of environmental variables for which we understand their impact on animal phenotype will be beneficial in an era with wide-ranging global change.
RNA sensing at the crossroads of autoimmunity and autoinflammation
Authors: Williams Sandra G. , Sim Soyeong , Wolin Sandra L.
Published: January 2025

Immune-mediated diseases are common in humans. The immune system is a complex host defense system that evolved to protect us from pathogens, but also plays an important role in homeostatic processes, removing dead or senescent cells, and participating in tumor surveillance. The human immune system has two arms: the older innate immune system and the newer adaptive immune system. Sensing of foreign RNA is critical to the innate immune system's ability to recognize pathogens, especially viral infections. However, RNA sensors are also strongly implicated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, highlighting the importance of balancing pathogen recognition with tolerance to host RNAs that can resemble their viral counterparts. We describe how RNA sensors bind their ligands, how this binding is coupled to upregulation of type I interferon–stimulated genes, and the ways in which mutations in RNA sensors and genes that play important roles in RNA homeostasis have been linked to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Single and Entangled Atomic Systems in Thermal Bath and the Fulling-Davies-Unruh Effect
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Gangopadhyay Sunandan , Majumdar Archan S.
Published: January 2025

We revisit the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect in the context of two-level single and entangled atomic systems that are static in a thermal bath. We consider the interaction between the systems and a massless scalar field, covering the scenarios of free space as well as within a cavity. Through the calculation of atomic transition rates it is found that in free space there is an equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates of an uniformly accelerated atom with respect to an observer with that of a single atom which is static with respect to the observer and immersed in a thermal bath, as long as the temperature of the thermal bath matches the Unruh temperature. This equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates breaks down in the presence of a cavity. For two-atom systems, considering the initial state to be in a general pure entangled form, we find that in this case the equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates of the accelerated and static thermal bath scenarios holds only under specific limiting conditions in free space, but breaks down completely in a cavity setup.Quanta 2025; 14: 1–27.
Comprehensive Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Metformin in Addressing Metabolic and Endocrine Dysregulation
Authors: Kaźmierczak Martyna , Parys Jakub , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Kałuziak Patrycja , Jajaczak Marta , Mossakowski Maciej , Witek Aleksandra , Litwin Mateusz , Jesionek Stanisław
Published: January 2025

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and a range of clinical manifestations, including infertility and metabolic disturbances. Effective management of PCOS remains a challenge due to its multifaceted nature, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic options.
Aim of the Study: This paper aims to explore the role of various treatment modalities for PCOS, with a particular emphasis on the use of metformin, an antidiabetic medication increasingly recognized for its benefits in managing insulin resistance and other associated conditions in PCOS patients.
Conclusion: The findings highlight metformin's three primary mechanisms of action: enhancing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, and influencing lipid metabolism. Metformin is effective in improving metabolic parameters and restoring ovulatory function in women with PCOS. While it is a cornerstone of therapy, the management of PCOS requires a tailored approach that considers individual clinical symptoms and phenotypes. Additional therapeutic strategies, including non-pharmacological measures and other pharmacological agents, play a vital role in a comprehensive treatment plan for PCOS.
Pityriasis versicolor: insight into current knowledge and treatment possibilities
Authors: Parys Jakub , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Kałuziak Patrycja , Mossakowski Maciej , Jajczak Marta , Witek Aleksandra , Jesionek Stanisław , Litwin Mateusz
Published: January 2025

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a prevalent superficial mycosis caused by saprophytic yeasts of the Malassezia genus. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, presenting as hypo- or hyperpigmented macules on the skin, commonly located on the trunk and upper arms. While various topical and systemic antifungal treatments are available, high relapse rates remain a significant clinical challenge. The condition often leads to psychological distress due to visible lesions on the skin surface.
Aim of the study: Given its high prevalence (reaching up to 50% in some tropical regions) and its psychosocial implications, pityriasis versicolor remains a critical dermatological concern. This study aims to synthesize current medical knowledge about the condition, focusing on the efficacy, indications, and limitations of available treatment options, especially in addressing recurrent cases.
State of knowledge: Pityriasis versicolor is well-characterized in terms of its etiology and clinical manifestations. Numerous therapeutic interventions have been investigated, ranging from topical agents like azoles or terbinafine to systemic treatments such as itraconazole and fluconazole. Despite these advancements, a universally accepted gold standard for treatment remains undefined, and patient adherence often is a barrier to successful outcomes.Conclusion: Despite significant progress in understanding and managing pityriasis versicolor, further research is essential. Future efforts should aim to optimize treatment efficacy, reduce relapse rates, and minimize adverse effects. Randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse populations are particularly needed to establish standardized protocols and explore innovative therapies, including prophylactic measures and targeted treatments.
Therapeutic potential of bisphosphonates - review of medical indications, mechanism of action, interactions and adverse effects
Authors: Mikosińska Agnieszka , Litwin Mateusz , Parys Jakub , Kałuziak Patrycja , Witek Aleksandra , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Jesionek Stanisław , Jajczak Marta , Mossakowski Maciej
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are pharmacological agents that inhibit bone resorption by targeting osteoclasts, thereby increasing bone density and reducing fracture risk. Although they were first synthesized in the 19th century, their clinical significance has only been recognized in the last 50 years. This study reviews the current understanding of bisphosphonates, their therapeutic advantages in various disorders, and their mechanism of action, potential interactions, and adverse effects.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current understanding of bisphosphonates and familiarize readers with their mechanisms of action, interactions and adverse effects.  It also aims to briefly introduce diseases that may be treated with bisphosphonates and how this class of medications can improve the course of each disorder. This study focuses on their therapeutic potential and associated risks, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Material and methods: Literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: 
“bisphosphonates”; “bisphosphonates mechanism of action”; “bisphosphonates side effects”; “bisphosphonates interactions”; “bone tissue”; “skeletal system disorders”; “skeletal system”; “menopause”;” osteogenesis imperfecta”; “bone metastasis”   
Conclusions: The introduction of bisphosphonates represents a significant advancement in the management of conditions associated with increased bone turnover, offering clinically substantiated benefits that outweigh the associated risks. This review provides healthcare professionals with evidence-based, scientifically validated information on bisphosphonates, while also identifying critical areas for further investigation to optimize their safety and efficacy, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: options, monitoring, special cases and adverse effects
Authors: Litwin Mateusz , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Parys Jakub , Kałuziak Patrycja , Witek Aleksandra , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Jesionek Stanisław , Jajczak Marta , Mossakowski Maciej
Published: January 2025

Introduction: 
Hepatitis B remains a significant clinical issue. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, the world is still not free from this problem. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects approximately 296 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. HBV-related cirrhosis resulted in an estimated 331,000 deaths in 2019, and it is estimated that the number of deaths from HBV-related liver cancer in 2019 was 192,000, an increase from 156,000 in 2010. The rate of vaccination is particularly unsatisfactory in low-income countries, but even in high-income countries, the issue of hepatitis B has not been completely eradicated.
Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is primarily to systematize knowledge regarding the natural course of HBV infection and therapeutic options for chronic hepatitis B, both in adults and children. It also aims to highlight the principles of monitoring pharmacotherapy. The paper also describes therapeutic possibilities in special cases, such as pregnancy, liver transplantation, and the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. Attention is also given to the potential adverse effects of pharmacotherapy.
Conclusions: 
As hepatitis B infection continues to pose a significant global health challenge and remains the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, it is essential to review the available treatment options for this condition. Even in Europe, where vaccination coverage has reached high levels, cases of hepatitis B are still detected, often incidentally. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of therapeutic approaches for chronic hepatitis B, considering factors such as patient age, clinical status, and liver fibrosis stage. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of monitoring treatment efficacy and safety, while also addressing the potential adverse effects associated with antiviral therapy.
Os Significados da Experiência Hiperfágica na Compulsão Alimentar e na Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Bloc Lucas Guimarães , De Souza Brenda Nogueira Caracas , Moreira Virginia
Published: January 2025

Os transtornos alimentares costumam ser caracterizados por perturbações na forma e na configuração do ato de comer, resultando em um modo alterado de consumir alimentos, como no caso da hiperfagia. Ela revela a experiência de um sujeito que não consegue não comer que está presente na compulsão alimentar e na bulimia nervosa. Esta pesquisa busca compreender os significados da experiência hiperfágica na compulsão alimentar e na bulimia nervosa. Utilizando o método fenomenológico crítico de pesquisa, inspirado na fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, realizamos oito entrevistas com pacientes de um serviço interdisciplinar para transtornos alimentares. Utilizamos a seguinte pergunta disparadora: "Como é pra você comer?". Como resultados, os sentidos antagônicos do comer, a culpa, o descontrole, a compensação, a relação com o corpo e o olhar do outro foram experiências descritas nos dois diagnósticos e que foram discutidos sob uma lente fenomenológica. Concluímos que há uma dimensão comum da experiência hiperfágica na compulsão alimentar e na bulimia nervosa que se relaciona a uma alteração do modo de experienciar o próprio corpo e o impacto do olhar do outro na construção da própria identidade, o que converge de forma direta com as pesquisas de cunho fenomenológico que vêm sendo realizadas.
Ser Pai, Estar Preso: Vivências e Sentidos da Paternidade em Presídios no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Nascimento Lucas Gonzaga do
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa é uma cartografia os significados e experiências relacionados à paternidade de homens privados de liberdade ou que passaram pela prisão no Rio de Janeiro. Como uma pesquisa-intervenção cartográfica baseada no conceito deleuziano de dobra, são abordados os conteúdos provenientes de entrevistas com um homem preso e um egresso, ou sobrevivente do cárcere, em que ambos possuem filhos/as. O artigo analisa algumas das dobras da paternidade, ou seja, a forma como ela é vivida pelos homens presos, onde se agenciam as relações de cuidado, os significados sobre a paternidade e os efeitos dos processos de criminalização sobre essa relação. Para além do apagamento institucional da condição parental dos sobreviventes do cárcere e da estigmatização imposta a esta população, esta pesquisa busca cartografar suas formas singulares de vivenciar a parentalidade e as relações familiares, que apontam para o questionamento dos estigmas e para a potência das relações familiares, mesmo em contextos de precariedades e violações de direitos impostos pelo sistema prisional.
Projeto de Vida, Dispositivo de Racialidade e Prática Antirracista: Relato de Experiência Profissional na Socioeducação
Authors: Gualberto Gonçalves de Souza William , Renata Lordello Silvia
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência cujo objetivo é apresentar um processo de construção profissional que busca tornar-se antirracista e que se organiza na construção de projetos de vida. A super-representação da população negra em instituições socioeducativas restritivas da liberdade dá-se em virtude de um aparelhamento do dispositivo da racialidade que condiciona precariedades e tem impactos sobre a subjetividade desses adolescentes. Nesse sentido, as estratégias de construção do projeto de vida precisam construir resistência aos processos incidentes do racismo estrutural brasileiro. O presente artigo, portanto, apresenta estratégias de atuação fruto das reflexões e implicações de um psicólogo negro no contexto socioeducativo, o qual busca contemplar a realidade racial na construção do seu fazer. Assim, consideramos como fundamental aos profissionais construir propostas que resgatem a natureza cognoscente da população atendida, bem como favoreça o contato com a própria ancestralidade e recursos comunitários que promovam uma relocalização na própria família, comunidade e sociedade.
Cabelo e Subjetividade da Mulher Negra Privada de Liberdade
Authors: Silva Borges Helaine , Medeiros Marinho dos Santos Larissa
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar como a negação da beleza negra, no contexto das relações raciais, é parte estruturante do racismo que desumaniza suas vítimas. Além disso, busca-se compreender o cabelo afro, símbolo da negritude, enquanto potência da população negra. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve como procedimentos metodológicos: a observação participante, conversas no cotidiano, entrevistas semiestruturadas e intervenção psicossocial com mulheres negras em contexto de privação de liberdade. A análise dos dados produzidos foi realizada à luz da produção teórica metodológica foucaultiana e de intelectuais negras. Os resultados evidenciam que o discurso racista é naturalizado e perpetuado em nosso cotidiano. Nesse sentido, o racismo não é uma particularidade do sistema prisional brasileiro, porém este intensifica e perpetua as experiências históricas de exclusão social e política a partir dos marcadores sociais de gênero, raça e classe, que tendem a confinar mulheres negras ao patamar inferior do sistema de dominação/exploração. No entanto, intervenções em grupo demonstram ter potencial para exercer mudanças na subjetividade de mulheres negras e na transformação da sociedade. Esse trabalho justifica-se, pois, pelo fato de, historicamente, o corpo negro ser o alvo principal de processo de construção social racista em vários países e, em especial, no Brasil.
A Conversa Como Caminho: A Vida e o Tempo Como Temas para a Medida Socioeducativa
Authors: Saks Hahne Beatriz , Soares Nunes Rosa
Published: January 2025

Este trabalho foi escrito no âmbito do estágio doutoral realizado por uma das autoras em Portugal no percurso de produção da pesquisa conduzida no Brasil, cujo objeto foi o acesso às singularidades das experiências de jovens que receberam medida socioeducativa por cometimento de ato infracional. A partir das produções da pesquisa, discutimos a violência constituída no interior do contexto social que a produz como possibilidade e, para grande parte dos adolescentes brasileiros, um modo de sobrevivência. Debatemos como, idealizando alterar a personalidade do autor e querendo seu arrependimento, questões que contribuem para o ilícito são negligenciadas dentro da medida socioeducativa, escutando-se mais a infração do que aquilo que a teria ocasionado. O trabalho com histórias de vida mostra efeitos políticos e institucionais sobre as trajetórias de vida, sendo um deles a duração da medida socioeducativa de internação, produzida como indeterminada ao não ser tomada como tema junto aos adolescentes que a cumprem, de forma que permanece sendo pensada como questão individual, enfraquecendo as possibilidades de resistências. O objetivo deste artigo é colocar sob questão o dispositivo da conversa e o tempo como forma de controle sobre a vida, utilizando, para isso, narrativas construídas com adolescentes no Brasil e em Portugal.
TOMMY HILFIGER E COLARES PIRAHÃ:
Authors: Delamar Roque Eliane , Luiz Cunha Cardoso Filho Jorge
Published: January 2025

Este trabalho, se refere a uma análise sobre a vida dos objetos e sua forma de circulação nos espaços, tomando como ponto de partida o registro fotográfico de Taiçapa, líder indígena Amazonense, feito na aldeia de seu povo: os Pirahãs.  A imagem é analisada a partir de dois elementos da indumentária de Taiçapa: a camisa pólo da marca Tommy Hilfiger e o colar Pirahã. Para a análise, trazemos os estudos de Milton Santos e Walter Benjamin, respectivamente, sobre sistema de objetos e aura; e de Kopytoff e Appadurai, sobre Antropologia das coisas. Busca-se propor uma reflexão acerca da existência de dois universos comparáveis pelos quais transita a mercadoria: o singular e o comum. E descrever como as conexões materiais agenciam os contatos entre diferentes culturas. Por fim, nas considerações finais, fica estabelecido que o diálogo entre culturas é perceptível pela atuação destes objetos nas relações de contato, como atores que discursam sobre sua origem geográfica e sociocultural, mas também são capazes de transcender esta origem, quando seu valor está agenciado pela totalidade de crenças que traz para dentro do processo subjetividades que engendram e criam valores.
A face silenciada atrás de Shoah (Claude Lanzmann, 1985)
Authors: Tassi Teixeira Rafael
Published: January 2025

O trabalho busca seguir a senda do filme de Catherine Hebert, Ziva Postec, La monteuse derrière le film Shoah (2018), que apresenta a obra da montadora Ziva Postec, figura essencial no filme de Lanzmann, e apagada da historiografia (pelo cineasta, pela cultura da memória masculina da Shoah). O filme de Hébert, estruturado a partir de depoimentos da própria cineasta e montadora, detalha os procedimentos criativos e sua importância na organização do material de mais de 220 horas de entrevistas e gravações de lugares, além do apagamento perpetrado pelo próprio Lanzmann, que negligenciou Postec depois da estreia do filme. O filme sobre Postec, e outros os Arquivos do Holocausto, exemplificam a discrepância entre a evidenciação de rostos masculinos e a história dos testemunhos do Holocausto, postos a prova nos estudos decoloniais e memorialísticos sobre a Shoah.