bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPARITIVE STUDY BETWEEN EPIDURAL BUTORPHANOL, NALBUPHINE AND FENTANYL FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
Authors: Banerjee Swarna , Pattnaik Shaswat Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: Achieving satisfactory post-operative analgesia with neuraxial administration of narcotics has been the subject of much research. The use of epidural opioids had become an increasingly popular technique for management of acute post-operative pain in recent times. This study evaluates post-operative analgesic benefits in patients administered epidural butorphanol, nalbuphine, and fentanyl as adjuvants with local anesthetics postoperatively for surgery under epidural anesthesia.Methods: A total of 75 patients belonging to age groups 18-60 years who were scheduled for surgeries of lower abdomen were randomly divided into groups of 25 each. Epidural technique was adopted for surgery of the lower abdomen for all patients with 0.5% bupivacaine. In the post-operative period, the study drug was given through epidural catheter. Group A received butorphanol 2 mg, Group B received fentanyl 100 μg, and Group C received nalbuphine 10 mg with 0.125% bupivacaine diluted to 10 ml in normal saline each. Onset, duration, quality of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, and side effects – such as sedation, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and urinary retention - were recorded and compared.Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. The onset of sensory block was significantly earlier in Group B (fentanyl) than other two groups. Duration was significantly longer in Group A (butorphanol). No serious cardiorespiratory side effects were noted in any of groups.Conclusion: Fentanyl produces the faster onset of analgesia with adverse effects like pruritus. Butorphanol administered epidurally has the advantage of longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl or epidural nalbuphine with side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and sedation.Keywords: Epidural analgesia, Butorphanol, Fentanyl, Nalbuphine.
A REVIEW ON ALZHIMER’S DISEASE: PATHOLOGY, MOLECULAR CONDITIONS, MANAGEMNT AND CAUSES
Authors: Moorthi Vinayaga , B Preethi
Published: May 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that starts slowly, progressively leads to death and contributes to about 60-70% cases of dementia. AD is characterized with Senile Plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and the major symptoms include problems with language, dis-orientation of words, unable to manage self-care, memory loss and behavioural issues which gradually lead to completely lose bodily functions later. The actual cause for the disease is not known till date. Recent research show distinct paths that closely try to reveal various cytoplasmic, genetic, behavioural, environmental and epigenetic causes that may lead to the development of AD. Most likely all studies target the Senile Plaques, protein fragments called beta-amyloid and Neurofibrillary Tangles, twisted fibres of a protein called tau. Since, the exact causative mechanism is not yet clearly understood, ultimately finding a suitable treatment or management for the disease has also become an ominous challenge for researchers.Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Pathology, Phosphatase and tensin, Senile plaques, Neurofibrillary tangles
EFFECT OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON QUORUM SENSING INHIBITION OF UTI PATHOGENS
Authors: Sheikh Shaheen , Tale Vidya
Published: May 2017

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) ability of nanoparticles synthesized usingfruit wastes.Methods: QS is a system of response and stimuli correlated to population density. Bacteria by QS secrete certain signaling molecules called autoinducers. These bacteria also have a receptor that can specifically detect the signaling molecule known as an inducer. Since QS governs numerous processes in bacteria including virulence, QS inhibition promises to be an ideal target for the development of novel therapeutics. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the ginger, lemon peel, cinnamon, corn silk, pomegranate peel, and orange peel exhibited anti-QS properties by inhibiting violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum assayed using agar well diffusion method.Results: AgNPs were synthesized from various cost-effective fruit waste sources. These AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and anti-QS properties.Conclusion: Hence, such sources can be explored for developing the effective therapy for urinary tract infections.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Quorum sensing, Urinary Tract infection.
ADVERSE EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS ON VITAMIN THERAPY: A REVIEW
Authors: Korah Mejo C , Pv Junaid Rahman , Rajeswari R , Behanan Ahana , Paul Elizabeth Phoeba , Sivakumar T
Published: May 2017

Vitamins are essential to our day to day life. Its shortage in our body can cause many disorders, decreased enzyme activities also affects the genetic factors. Vitamins should be supplied through the diet in the required amount. If it is not supplied properly, vitamin tablets will be prescribed. And also vitamin tablets are the co-medication for therapies like anticancer, anti tubercular, anti viral anti HIV treatments. Many news papers reported that vitamin therapies are causing major health problems like nephro/ urolithiasis, it can increases mortality rates in smokers by increasing the risk of lung cancer, it can cause abortion when it is taken during pregnancy. Thus here we reviewed the adverse effects of vitamin therapy from various reported cases, books, instructions provided from various health organizations and also news papers and magazines. It can help health professionals to control and monitor the vitamin therapies and make awareness about the adverse effects and possible side effects of regular vitamin uptake to society.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS
Authors: Hsaine Samira , Charof Reda , Ounine Khadija
Published: May 2017

Objective: Streptococcus oralis plays an important role in the biofilm formation of dental plaque and the occurrence of periodontal disease. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of three essential oils, namely, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata,and Rosmarinus officinalis against S. oralis.Methods: The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by diffusion method using sterile discs (or aromatograms). The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils showing important antibacterial activity was measured using the broth dilution method.Results: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three essential oils as determined by the aromatogram technique showed that the essential oilof R. officinalis had no effect on S. oralis, while the latter was extremely sensitive to the other two essential oils, but with a higher efficiency of theessential oil of C. zeylanicum (42 mm diameter) than E. caryophyllata (20 mm diameter). Similarly, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were higher for the essential oil of C. zeylanicum than the essential oil of E. caryophyllata. The MBC/MIC ratio is of the order of 2. The essentialoils studied therefore appear to exert bactericidal activity against S. oralis.Conclusion: The findings suggest that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllata may be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: Essential oil, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Antimicrobial activity, Streptococcus oralis.
COMPARISON AND IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLAVORS OF ENTERAL NUTRITION AGENTS
Authors: Ashizawa Yurika , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Matida Yoshiaki , Watanabe Kazunori
Published: May 2017

Objective:The flavor of an enteral nutrition formula affects medication adherence as well as patient’s nutritional status and therapeutic efficiency on the major pathology. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to understand the flavors of enteral nutrition formulas. This study aimed to evaluate the flavors of enteral nutrition formulas and examine the factors influencing these flavors. Methods:A total of 304 students in a pharmaceutical department were subjected to a semantic differential sensory evaluation in which they compared the flavors of digestion and semi-digestion enteral nutrition formulas using a five-point scale. In addition, factors related to good flavor were extracted via factor analyses, and subjected to a covariance structure analysis.Results:In the flavor comparison between digestion and semi-digestion nutrition formulas, semi-digestion nutrition agents scored significantly higher than digestion nutrition formulas did (Welch's t test, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.99). The factor analyses extracted three subscales of factors related to good flavor: impression of taking, feeling of presence and sense of richness. In a path analysis model to determine the influence of these factor subscales on flavor, impression of taking feeling of presence were found to have significant influences (index of goodness of fit: χ2 = 474.883, df = 62, P < 0.001, GFI = 0.938, AGFI = 0.909, RMSEA = 0.079).Conclusion:Flavor affects medication adherence to enteral nutrition. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to understand the factors that influence flavor and thus provide patients with better nutrition formulas.
AUGMENTIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOSIS: A MAIDEN CASE SERIES
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Thomson Sereen Rose , Priya Amita , Patil Navin
Published: May 2017

When an infected patient suffers from thrombocytosis, it is very difficult to identify beta-lactam antibiotic induced cases of the disease and separate those from the possibility that thrombocytosis is an acute-phase reaction in the infected patient. We present 3 cases who were treated with Augmentin for various indications and developed thrombocytosis during the treatment course. The Naranjo probability scale indicates Augmentin as the possible cause of the thrombocytosis in all our patients.KEYWORDS: Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Thrombocytosis, Adverse effects, Naranjo’s scale
BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED REVERSIBLE ACUTE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Patil Navin , Thomas Joseph
Published: May 2017

As of now, about 380 medications are implicated in causing respiratory reactions and most common among that is drug-induced interstitial disease.Oral, parental as well inhalational drugs are known to cause drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent used inthe treatment of lymphomas, germ cell tumors of the testes. Most common pulmonary toxicity is diffuse alveolar damage with nonspecific interstitialpneumonitis being next. We report a case of bleomycin-induced reversible acute interstitial pneumonia in a Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine regimen. Causality assessment was done using Naranjo scale, and probable causal relationship was established. Adverse drug reaction was found to be moderately severe and not preventable as per Hartwig’s severity and Thornton’s preventability scaling respectively.Keywords: Naranjo scale, Lymphoma, Bleomycin, Pneumonia.
DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULATE MUCOADHESIVE GEL FOR INTRANASAL DELIVERY
Authors: Gaikwad Dinanath , Kurane Padmini , Mali Dipak , Jadhav Namdeo
Published: May 2017

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop mucoadhesive particulates gel of Propranolol HCl for intranasal delivery.Method: Drug loaded mucoadhesive particulates were prepared by spray drying technique using polymers such as HPMC K100 and Carbopol 934P. Batches were prepared according to 32 factorial designs.   Result: The mucoadhesive particulates prepared were evaluated for different parameters like drug content, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro drug release. IR, XRD and DSC study revealed that there were no interaction occurs between drug and excipients and confirming reduction in crystallinity. The swelling index and encapsulation efficiency was found to be (0.9266%), (97.44%), angle of repose, Carr’s compressibility index falls in acceptable limits. At the end of 10 hr optimized batch showed 90.23 % drug release and followed zero order release kinetics.Conclusion: Conclusion from result of the studies such as increase in the concentration of polymers contributed in drug release retardation. Although, prepared formulation of nasal administration can be a value addition in treatment for heart diseases like angina pectoris, myocardialKeywords: Mucoadhesive, Particulates, Propranolol hydrochloride, Intranasal.infraction.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF CANTHIUM COROMANDELICUM(BURM.F.) ALSTON.
Authors: Ruskin R.shabi
Published: May 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to explore the antioxidant potential of various leaf extracts (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of Canthium coromandelicum, which is considered traditionally as an important medicinal plant.Methods: Antioxidant properties of the extracts were assessed using 1, 1- diphenyl -2- picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for ascorbic acid equivalents. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also investigated to determine their correlation with the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts and expressed in Gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively.Results: The results showed that the content of total phenols and flavonoids was found to be high in ethyl acetate extract which was recorded as 61.02±1.30 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and 81.72±0.61 QE/g, respectively. Compared to other extracts, ethyl acetate leaf extract was found to possess high antioxidant activity at p<0.05 level, with high percentage of inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration (82.70%) toward hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging with IC50 value 62.94 μg/ml. Statistically, two-tailed Pearson’s correlation showed strong positive correlations between hydrogenperoxide radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents (TPC) (r=1.000) at p<0.05 level.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly signifies that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. coromandelicum has high content of total phenols which are correlated to its antioxidant activity and thus has the potential to use as a source of natural antioxidants and can be explored as a therapeutic agent in free radical induced diseases.Keywords: Canthium coromandelicum, In-vitro antioxidant activity, Ethyl acetate extract, Pearson’s correlation, 1, 1- diphenyl -2- picrylhydrazyl, Hydrogen peroxide, Nitric oxide, Superoxide.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF LEAF AND LEAF DERIVED CALLUS EXTRACTS OF ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS (BLUME) MIQ.
Authors: Reshi Nissar Ahmad
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT:                                                                                                                                   Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaf and leaf derived callus of Orthosiphon aristatus against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtiltis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterobater aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebseilla pneumoniae. Methods: The leaf segments were cut into small pieces of size 1-2 sq. cm and were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with different auxins alone and in combination. Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method followed my MIC determination by two fold serial dilution method. Leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the qualitative phytochemical analysis. Results: Maximum callus formation percentage was obtained from the leaf segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2 mg/l). Ethanolic leaf extract showed maximum inhibition activity with 28 mm zone of inhibition against P. mirabilis with MIC value of 0.32 mg/ml. Out of the callus extracts, ethanolic callus extract showed the maximum bio-efficacy against S. aureus with 26 mm zone of inhibition and MIC value of 0.64 mg/ml. Results revealed that both leaf and leaf derived callus are effective against Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria.Conclusion: The bioefficacy study confirms the strong antibacterial potential of leaf and leaf derived callus of O. aristatus.Keywords: Leaf, Leaf callus, Antibacterial efficacy, Orthosiphon aristatus.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS OF DENTAL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS REGARDING HIV/AIDS PATIENTS
Authors: Kumar Santhosh
Published: May 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and the attitude of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients and to know whether knowledge has any influence on the attitude and willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A self administered structured questionnaire consisting of 19 questions on knowledge, attitude and awareness about HIV/AIDS was distributed among 100 students randomly belonging to third year, final year and intern students of saveetha dental college, saveetha university, chennai. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 and results obtained.Results: The results revealed that many of the respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge. The total mean knowledge score was 73% (good knowledge).There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge levels among the third year, final year students and the interns. The overall mean attitude score was 62.7% (negative attitude). There was no statistically significant difference of attitude among the three groups.Conclusion: Majority of dental students in our study have good level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Final year students have the highest level of knowledge and third year students have minimum level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Irrespective of the year of study, majority of the students showed a negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients and only a few among the interns showed a positive approach towards treating HIV patients. Hence these findings imply that there is a need to improve educational methods to more clearly address misconceptions and attitudes towards the disease.Keywords:HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, dental students
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolates
Authors: Arjunan Selvam
Published: May 2017

Objective: Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is highly prevalent in domestic ruminants. In India, the exact prevalence of MAP genotypes still remains unknown limited, and the systematic disease control programs are also limited. This study was undertaken to study the molecular characterization of MAP isolates.Methods: About 22 MAP isolates were from cattle, sheep, and goat under gone the molecular characterization by three different methods (1) IS1311 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction enzyme analysis (REA), (2) GyrA and GyrB PCR with sequencing, and (3) digital microfluidic chip (DMC)-PCR. The study demonstrated that a) IS1311 PCR with REA (based on point mutations) identified all 22 MAP isolates as “intermediate type” irrespective of a host of origin and also belong to Indian Bison type. Molecular typing based on the gyrA and gyrB genes partial amplification and sequencing revealed that the MAP isolates exhibited more lineages toward the reference Type III, Intermediate strain.Results: The MAP isolate of sheep origin showed more lineages toward the sheep type than the isolates of cattle and goats. This variation may be due to host-pathogen interactions and adaptation to different hosts and environmental conditions in the nature.Conclusions: The DMC-PCR, which is based on sequence difference at 5` end of IS900 of MAP, differentiated rapidly all the isolates as sheep type. The application of DMC-PCR to differentiate sheep and Intermediate types is limited as the Intermediate type (Type III) and sheep type (Type I) are very closely related to each other and all the MAP isolates were confirmed as Intermediate or Type III by three different methods which are commonly present in India, Spain, and Iceland.Keywords: Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Polymerase chain reaction, Digital microfluidic chip-polymerase chainreaction.
Retrospective analysis of prescriptions in the management of lepra reactions: Results of a single center study from tertiary hospital in Maharashtra
Authors: Kulkarni Madhuri , Patil Anant , Aathawale Siddharth
Published: May 2017

Objective: To examine pattern of lepra reaction andmedicines used in the treatment of lepra reactions in a tertiary hospital. Material methods: In this retrospective study, prescriptions of patients treated for the lepra reactions were reviewed to find out prevalence of type 1 and type 2 reactions and medicines used in the treatment of lepra reactions. Results:A total of66 patients (male 59.1%; female 40.9%) with mean age of 36.6 (+13.1) years were included in the study. Multibacillary leprosy was present in 93.7% patients.  A total of 39 (60%) patients had type 2 reaction whereas 26 (40%) had type 1 reaction. Mean number of medicines per patients was 7.5. Prednisolone was used in 62 (93.9%) patients with mean duration of 33.32 (+33.2) days whereas chloroquine was used in 52 (78.8%) patients for 36.6 (+27.9) days. Thalidomide was used in 25 (37.9%) patients. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory and anti-acidity drugs were used in 63 (95.4%) patients each whereas paracetamol was given to 41 (62.1%) patients. Antihistamine, antimicrobial agent and vitamins were given to 27 (40.9%), 27 (40.9%) and 35 (53.0%) patients respectively. Conclusion:Lepra 2 reaction is more common than lepra 1 reaction.  Prednisolone and chloroquine are the two most commonly used medicines in the treatment of lepra reaction. Similarly, thalidomide, older drug has emerged as common treatment for lepra reaction.
SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM UNKNOWN MARINE SPONGES COLLECTED FROM KOVALAM, CHENNAI
Authors: Thambidurai Yuvarani , Habeeb Skm , Kizhakudan Joe , D Sudarsanam
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study is designed to hunt for the presence of bioactive compounds from three marine sponges collected from Kovalam.Methods: Zoochemical analysis is performed to screen for the presence of secondary metabolites. Based on those results, only two sponges which showed a significant presence of secondary metabolites has been subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the unknown chemical compounds present in those sponges.Results: On analyzing the results, two sponges, namely, Dysidea herbacea and Sigmadocia pumila, has shown a significant presence of secondary metabolites while the third sponge Acanthella elongata have shown moderate presence of secondary metabolites. Since the first two sponges results are remarkable, these two samples have been subjected to GC-MS analysis to separate and identify the unknown chemical compounds present in the sample.Conclusion: Samples, namely, D. herbacea and S. pumila, indicated the presence of several components. From both the sponges, eleven different secondary metabolites were identified by GC-MS. Most of these compounds are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and other industries and therefore a vital source for industrial biotechnology and related products in healthcare and skincare.Keywords: Dysidea herbacea, Sigmadocia pumila, Acanthella elongata, Secondary metabolites, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, Bioactive compounds.
POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF CURCUMIN ADJUVANT THERAPY TO THE STANDARD H. PYLORI ERADICATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
Authors: Abdulridha Manal Khalid
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study was designed to explore the benefit of curcumin as adjuvant therapy to the standard H pylori eradication triple therapy in both duodenal and gastric ulcers patients.                       Methods: The present study enrolled 40 patients newly diagnosed endoscopically with peptic ulcer disease to be allocated into group1 treated with standard H. pylori eradication triple therapy, and group2 patients treated with curcumin (500mg) capsules three times daily for 14 day as adjuvant to standard triple therapy. Stool antigen test, immunoglobulin M serology test, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) are measured at the baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment.Results: The result showed that the  use of curcumin as adjuvant therapy produced highly significant improvement in healing efficacy which was significantly distinguished  in duodenal ulcer patients compared to gastric ulcer groups 2 patients (p <0.05), along with highly significant reduction in pro inflammatory IL1β level in group 2 patients(p<0.01). After 6 weeks of treatment there was highly significant elevation in level of TNF- α in groups 1 (p value <0.01), though, group 2 patients presented with non significant elevation in TNF-α level. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity was improved with curcumin adjuvant therapy, though non- significant, compared to group 1patients who showed reduction in total antioxidant capacity.Conclusion: This study revealed that addition of curcumin as adjuvant therapy produced improvement in ulcer healing efficacy, and controlled the inflammatory and oxidative stress process induced by H pylori infection.Keywords: Peptic ulcer disease, Curcumin, H. pylori infection, inflammation and oxidation markers.
GC-MS ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS L. FROM WESTERN GHATS REGION –SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Kathirvel Poonkodi , Poonkodi Kathirvel , Gomathi Kalimuthu , Akila Murugan
Published: May 2017

Aims:The present study examines the chemical composition of essential oil of Ruta graveleons and  antioxidant activity of petroleum ether and methanol extracts of dry leaves of R. graveleons which belongs to Rutaceae family found in many parts of the India. There are few reports are available for its essential oil in India.Materials and methods:The fresh leaves were hydrodistilled by Clevenger type apparatus, the obtained  essential oil was analyzed using GC-MS. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts were tested for antioxidant activity by DPPH˙ and  ABTS methods.Results:The GC-MS results showed that 2-nonanol (34.25), 2-nonanone (32.15) and nonyl ester (15.43) are the major components and some of the other minor compounds are 2-dodecanone (2.77), tri decanone (2.54) and tumeronol (2.16). The preliminary phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, furano coumarins, fatty acids and alkaloids. So an attempt was made to find the possible sources for future novel antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical formulations.Conclusions: GC-MS studies indicated that 2-nonanone (32.15) and nonyl ester (15.43) are the major components. The methanol extract showed highest IC50 values for DPPH (19.50±1.25 μg/ml) and ABTS (48.32±0.9 μg/ml) and petroleum ether extract showed moderate activity, both results are comparable with standard employed for each method.Keywords: Ruta graveolens, Rutaceae, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Essential oil, antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid).
ACINETOBACTER MAIN CAUSE OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: A REVIEW
Authors: Arjuna Anania
Published: May 2017

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are mostly caused by Gram-negative organisms and is one of the major issues in patient safety. These infectionsare often associated with the medical processes of hospitals such as invasive medical devices and various surgical procedures. Gram-negativeorganisms account for most infections in the hospital environment because of their ability to acquire resistant against multiple antibiotics. Throughdifferent mechanisms including the synthesis of β- lactamases, overexpression of transmembrane efflux pump, loss of porins, synthesis of antibiotic modifying enzymes, target mutations, ribosomal mutation or modifications, mutations in lipopolysaccharide structure etc. these organisms have developed drug-resistant property and the genes encoded in plasmids play a vital role in developing the resistant. Among all Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging pathogen that accounts for about 80% of all reported infections. Although other species of Acinetobacter are also often associated with HAIs. Acinetobacter is non-motile, obligate aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus and are ubiquitous free-living saprophytes in soil and water. It is commonly transmitted through medical devices such as ventilators, urinary catheters and other invasive devices in hospitals but its ability to colonize on the skin of individuals often increases the rate of transmission through person to person contact. Patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at the major risk of getting infected by A. baumannii and these includes pneumonia/ ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP), bloodstream infections, wound abscesses, urinary tract infections etc.Keywords: HAI, Acinetobacter baumannii, β- lactamases, VAP
DAPSONE INDUCED DRESS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , George Manu Matthew , Kamalkishore Meena Kuamri , Amberkar Mohan Babu Vittalrao
Published: May 2017

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. is a very dangerous adverse drug effect causing rashes, eosinophilia, and multiple organ damage. Many drugs are implicated in causing DRESS with most common ones being antimicrobials and antiepileptics. Dapsone used in the treatment of Hansen’s disease as a first-line agent is known for causing many side effects ranging from nausea, vomiting, insomnia, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, muscle weakness, abdominal pain, and so on. Hence, we report a rare case of dapsone-induced DRESS in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Keywords: Dapsone, Adverse effect, Liver toxicity, Rashes, Eosinophilia.
BIOMARKERS: AN IMPERATIVE ACCESSION FOR DIAGNOSIS OF A DISEASE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gulshan Mohammad , Rao Nadendla Rama
Published: May 2017

Biomarkers are becoming an essential part of clinical development, not least because they offer a faster alternative to the conventional drugdevelopment approach and the promise of safer drugs, in greater numbers, approved more quickly. Many of the failures happen late in clinical trials,with the consequence that expenditure in clinical drug development – already a mammoth effort requiring a huge amount of money, time, and patientis increasing. The ultimate vision is to have access to therapeutic fields, a better understanding of pathophysiology of diseases, thereby uncovering potential drug targets and biomarkers in the disease pathway. By finding molecular biomarkers of the disease, diagnosis could be improved and could reveal new information about the disease, by which a better chance for developing drugs is possible. Biomarkers can also reflect the entire spectrum of disease from the earliest manifestations to the terminal stages. In this present review, biomarkers of various diseases were enlisted to highlight the overabundance of information necessary for clinicians and scientists to have a thorough understanding of biomarkers and its ability to improve treatment and reduce health-care costs which are potentially greater than in any other area of medical research.Keywords: Biomarkers, Disease, Pathophysiology, Therapeutics, Treatment.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPACT OF G2032R MUTATION IN ROS1 – A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kumar Anish
Published: May 2017

Objective: Drug resistance is an imperative issue in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. In this work, investigation of the drug resistance mechanism of G2032R mutation in ROS1 is carried out using computational simulation techniques.Methods: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach have been utilized to uncover the mechanism behind crizotinib resistance in ROS1 at a molecular level. Normal mode analysis was carried out using ElNemo server which examines the movements and conformational changes in the protein structure. ArgusLab, PEARLS, and Autodock were employed for the docking analysis, whereas GROMACS package 4.5.3 was used for MD simulation approach.Results: The results from our analysis indicates that wild-type ROS1 (Protein Data Bank Code 3ZBF) could be more crucial for the crizotinib binding as it indicates largest binding affinity, minimum number of H-bonds, and higher flexibility than mutant-type ROS1. Moreover, the theoretical basis for the cause of drug insensitivity is the differences in the electrostatic properties of binding site residues between the wild and mutant ROS1 structures. Our analysis theoretically suggests that E-2027 is a key residue responsible for the ROS1 drug selectivity.Conclusion: Molecular docking and MD simulation results provide an explanation of the resistance caused by G2032R and may give a key clue for the drug design to encounter drug resistance.Keywords: ROS1, Crizotinib resistance, Molecular docking, Normal mode analysis, Molecular dynamic simulation.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN KOREAN WOMEN AGED 50 YEARS AND OVER
Authors: Park Hyejin
Published: May 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korean women.Methods: Participants (n=2068) aged 50 years or older were selected from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2005-2008. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical history of RA, and EuroQol-5 dimension were obtained from the KNHANES dataset.Results: The results revealed that demographic variables, including age, education level, income, exercise, smoking, and alcohol drinking, were important factors associated with HRQoL. In this study, RA was an important factor affecting HRQoL in Korean women. The adjusted odds ratio for HRQoL in participants with RA was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-3.18, p=0.001) in mobility, 2.30 (95% CI: 1.60-3.32, p<0.001) in usual activities, and 3.41 (95% CI: 2.20-5.28, p<0.001) in pain/discomfort.Conclusion: These findings suggest that there is a strong associationbetween RA and HRQoL and preventing and controlling RA may significantly improve the quality of life for elderly Korean women. Keywords: Demographic factor, EuroQol-5 dimension, Health-related quality of life, Rheumatoid arthritis.
Entre la teología de la liberación y el pentecostalismo: La comprensión de Lutero acerca del Espíritu Santo y su libertad
Authors: Altmann Walter
Published: May 2017

El autor investiga el entendimiento del Espíritu Santo de Martín Lutero, sus consecuencias en su tiempo y su posible relevancia hoy en día. La perspectiva central de esta investigación es la del panorama religioso latinoamericano de las décadas recientes: la expansión extraordinaria del movimiento pentecostal y la influencia sorprendente de la teología de la liberación en los movimientos sociales de América Latina. Las transformaciones sociales necesarias no justifican una sacralización de programas políticos y sociales, pero pueden ser consideradas como obras del amor que resultan de la fe. En general el artículo plantea la pregunta por la libertad del Espíritu Santo.
La criminalidad como tema historiográfico: Chile en el siglo XIX
Authors: Estay-Sepúlveda Juan Guillermo , Monteverde-Sánchez Alessandro
Published: May 2017

La problemática de la criminología ha sido indagada por diversos historiadores a  través del tiempo. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado con la carencia de falta de respuestas la cual ha sido suplida por estudios generales de acontecimientos y aproximaciones temáticas. Lo que se presenta es una tratativa de llenar un vacío con trabajos de significación, que al analizarlos cubren esta falencia en parte, y ayudan a entender el trabajo individual de varios investigadores, quienes han sistematizado una problemática. Se trata de una problemática recurrente y discursiva en la actualidad, la cual periódicamente se cubre de nuevas y valiosas interpretaciones. Al analizar las obras de los historiadores que han ingresado a la temática de la criminalidad y la criminología, queremos ser un aporte sustancial para desvelar nuevas interpretaciones y crear nuevo conocimiento.
La teoría del conocimiento de Berkeley: empirismo y colonialidad
Authors: Hernández-Castro Gustavo
Published: May 2017

Se establece la relación existente entre la teoría del conocimiento de George Berkeley y su concordancia con la enunciación cognitiva construida en Europa para la instauración de un humanismo global. El empirismo de Berkeley, ha sido un puente sólido, para justificar la posibilidad de un conocimiento que, desde el sustento filosófico-teológico, desvincula al sujeto de la ontología y con ello, elimina la subjetividad de todo cuerpo y espacio geográfico.  Con esto crea universalismos abstractos y justificados desde la política, la religión, el derecho, la economía, entre otras. Berkeley al establecer que percibir es lo mismo que existir, elimina la posibilidad de que el sujeto puede tener conciencia de sí y para sí y con esto, transformar su realidad.
Estudio descriptivo de las prácticas de manufactura en la industria panelera de los trapiches San Francisco y La Esmeralda en Boyacá y Caldas.
Authors: Corrales Ramírez Lucía Constanza , Muñoz Ariza Maira María , González Pérez Lina María
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar la aplicación de las prácticas de manufactura en los trapiches San Francisco y La Esmeralda mediante la aplicación de encuestas etnográficas, documentación fotográfica e identificación de contaminantes microbiológicos presentes en la panela, manos de empleados e implementos de trabajo. En los resultados obtenidos se encontró que una proporción importante de las muestras presentaron contaminación por bacterias como Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Actynomices spp, Lactococcus lactis y Gardnerella vaginalis, y hongos como Fusarium spp, Aspergillus spp, Paecilomyces spp, Penicillium spp y Mucor spp, demostrando falencias en el proceso de producción por la falta de implementación de las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura. A partir del estudio, se recomendó capacitar a los empleados periódicamente acerca de la manipulación de alimentos y prácticas básicas de higiene y realizar una vigilancia más estricta a los trapiches.
El ataque de las bacterias: cómo prevenirlo sin morir en el intento.
Authors: Pinilla MSc Gladys , Muñoz MSc Liliana , Navarrete MSc Jeannette , Arévalo Paola
Published: May 2017

La diversidad de poblaciones microbianas que colonizan de forma permanente o transitoria la piel, depende de la topografía y fisiología de cada zona del cuerpo y cada área provee las condiciones necesarias para el desarrollo de microorganismos simbióticos, inofensivos e incluso beneficiosos, al mismo tiempo que regula las condiciones necesarias para evitar la colonización de agentes perjudiciales o patógenos. Alteraciones en este equilibrio dinámico, pueden causar infecciones locales o generalizadas por la diseminación de la flora normal de un sitio a otro.El proceso evolutivo de la resistencia bacteriana ha sido corto y variable, condicionado en parte, por la presión selectiva ejercida frente a la terapia antimicrobiana. En respuesta, los microorganismos se han adaptado a las condiciones adversas mediante mecanismos de persistencia y resistencia que generan problemáticas a nivel epidemiológico, terapéutico y en la salud pública.El fenómeno de la multiresistencia causa un impacto directo en la morbimortalidad e incrementa los costos en la atención en salud, por lo cual, además del correcto, apropiado y racional uso de los antimicrobianos, se requiere la prevención de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud mediante el control de la contaminación ambiental y el lavado de manos. Finalmente, de las bacterias aprendemos que su interacción y organización comunitaria se constituyen en su “verdadera inteligencia” y podríamos morir en el intento de contener su ataque, si seguimos fortaleciendo las armas del “enemigo”.
La proyección social: una estrategia para la formación integral en el programa de Bacteriología de la Universidad de Córdoba- Colombia
Authors: Noble González Esp. Agustina María , Valencia Jiménez MSc. Nydia Nina , Ortega Montes Mag. Jorge Eliecer
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo se fundamenta en el principio que concibe la proyección social como una estrategia válida en la formación integral de los estudiantes de bacteriología. Es una apuesta que implica repensar el carácter socio humanístico de los currículos de bacteriología y la responsabilidad social de las universidades, desde un enfoque neo institucionalista sociológico que convoca al restablecimiento de la confianza, la potenciación de las redes de cooperación, la visibilización de las comunidades y la sociedad civil en la toma de decisiones curriculares. A la luz de estos argumentos, se presentan las reflexiones y vivencias de un grupo de docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba, que sin pretender dar respuestas a todos los desafíos que enfrentan los programas de bacteriología al momento de construir sus derroteros académicos, es un aporte hacia la toma de conciencia colectiva frente a la importancia de incorporar proyectos y acciones tendientes a resignificar el concepto de formación integral desde la triada docencia- proyección social- investigación.
Lymphotherapy induce an increase of blocking factors and correct infertility problems
Authors: Manrique Edwin , Rincón Verónica , Ossa Humberto
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to confirm the presence of Blocking Factors (BFs) in Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) from female normal reproducer and sub-fertile rabbit inoculated with two injection of the allogenic lymphotherapy (LIT) to analyze its effect on rate fertility and pregnancy success. The BFs measuring was done intervening MLC with MTT-Formazan non-radioactive technique. It was demonstrated BFs presence in MLC in female rabbit groups.. In sub-fertile female reproducers treated with allogenic lymphotherapy a significant increase in the level of FBs after every LIT was observed, as well as a rate fertility increase.. Furthermore, it was established that BFs act on cell proliferation inhibiting the MLC of other species, clearly indicating that the inhibit effect of the BFs is inter-specific and no intraspecific as had sustain until now.
Intervenciones disruptivas al comienzo de la vida humana: un debate bioético y del bioderecho sobre la “pena de muerte” prenatal
Authors: Zárate Cuello PhD. Amparo de Jesús , Guerra García PhD. Yolanda , Cuesta Mg. Joao
Published: May 2017

La intervención disruptiva que más genera debate sobre la “pena de muerte prenatal”, desde la perspectiva de la bioética y el bioderecho, es sin duda el aborto. En este caso se trata de acabar deliberadamente con la vida: prima facie, la del hijo no deseado. Elucidaremos sobre la dignidad del ser humano, desde el momento mismo de la concepción de la persona humana, en acopio al derecho a la protección de la vida física del que está por nacer.La despenalización del aborto conlleva a la “pena de muerte” al comienzo de la vida humana, con connotaciones bioéticas, biomédicas, biopolíticas y del bioderecho. Permeando a las futuras generaciones con el postulado del principio de autonomía y el consentimiento informado que entrama el determinismo biológico de quienes deben morir, se examina la “pena de muerte prenatal” ante el aborto en España y Colombia.
Análisis histológico de lesiones pódales de pollos comerciales en la Planta de Sacrificio de Pollo Olympico S.A., Colombia
Authors: Balaguera Ricardo , Córdoba Geovanna M.
Published: May 2017

Realizar el análisis histológico de lesiones pódales de pollos comerciales en la planta de sacrificio de Pollo Olympico S.A., Colombia con el fin de discutir aspectos sobre su retención sanitaria en plantas de sacrificio. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó la población avícola de 10 granjas de la empresa Pollo Olympico S.A evaluando macroscópicamente 129.551 animales y microscópicamente 330 lesiones podales. El análisis histológico evaluó el tipo y la profundidad de las lesiones inflamatorias y la presencia de estructuras micóticas. Resultados: La evaluación macroscópica evidenció lesiones podales en el 64,7% de la población total de aves; la microscópica mostró un predominio de procesos inflamatorios con presentación de heterófilos (73,1%), el 19% fueron infiltrados mixtos y el 7.9% de predominio mononuclear. Las lesiones encontradas mostraron una localización principalmente subcorneal (77.9%) y la ausencia de estructuras micóticas, células gigantes o lesiones vasculares.
Listeria monocytogenes en queso amarillo madurado tipo Edam y su resistencia al pH y salinidad
Authors: Rodríguez González Ennis , Cabrera Salas Lilibeth , Colina Phillips Gisela
Published: May 2017

Los quesos, productos lácteos de alta demanda, se han encontrado recientemente involucrados en casos de intoxicación e infecciones alimentarias causadas, en su gran mayoría, por agentes microbianos como Listeria monocytogenes, debido a factores como su amplia distribución en la naturaleza, su resistencia a pH, salinidad y temperatura. Se analizaron 48 muestras de queso amarillo madurado tipo Edam, obtenidas de dos abastecimientos comerciales en el municipio Maracaibo y San Francisco del estado Zulia, Venezuela, utilizando Agar Palcam y Oxford.Se hicieron ensayos de resistencia a valores de pH de 4, 5, 6, 6.5 y 7 y salinidad de 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5% (p/v). De las 48 muestras de queso, 7 (15%) fueron positivas para el género Listeria spp. Las pruebas preliminares (microscópicas y bioquímicas) confirmaron 11 colonias (C1 a C11) con características del género Listeria. De las once colonias fueron identificadas cinco L. welshimeri (46%), tres L. grayi (27%), dos L. innocua (18%) y una cepa como L. monocytogenes (9%), la cual mostró resistencia a valores de pH ≥ 4, y fue afectada gradualmente a las concentraciones de sal. La presencia de este microorganismo en un alimento del alto consumo como el queso, representa un alerta en cuanto a los sistemas de gestión de inocuidad llevados a cabo en tales alimentos.
Comparación del cultivo celular de HeLa y HEp-2: Perspectivas de estudios con Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Carrera Páez "Compilador" Laura Camila
Published: May 2017

Objetivo. Estandarizar el cultivo de células HeLa en diferentes condiciones, con el fin de utilizarlo en protocolos de infección con Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2. Métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro fases principales: 1. Viabilidad celular por la técnica de azul de tripán y su posterior observación, 2. Estandarización del cultivo de células HeLa, 3. Coloración de Giemsa,4. Cultivo de células HEp-2. Resultados. Se determinó que la línea celular HeLa debe ser cultivada en medio DMEM, 0,1% de L- glutamina, 10% de SFB. Así mismo, que la coloración de Giemsa es mejor realizarla en un tiempo de 40 minutos por que se evidencia una clara definición de núcleo y citoplasma. Frente a la comparación de las dos líneas celulares se obtuvo que la línea HeLa desde el primer día muestra un crecimiento adecuado y alcanza rápidamente la confluencia esperada, en contraposición la línea HEp-2 presenta un crecimiento más lento, pero alcanzando la confluencia deseada al último día.