bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloud matching in CO and dust in M33
Authors: Keilmann Eduard , Buchbender Christof , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Schneider Nicola , Kabanovic Slawa , Stutzki Jürgen , Simon Robert , Riechers Dominik , Tabatabaei Fatemeh , Bigiel Frank
Published: May 2024

This study is aimed to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular hydrogen distribution in the galaxy M33 by introducing novel methods for generating high angular resolution (18.2″, equivalent to 75 pc for a distance of 847 kpc) column density maps of molecular hydrogen (NH2). M33 is a local group galaxy that has been observed with Herschel in the far-infrared (FIR) wavelength range from 70 to 500 μm. Previous studies have presented total hydrogen column density maps (NH), using these FIR data (partly combined with mid-IR maps), employing various methods. We first performed a spectral energy distribution (SED) fit to the 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm continuum data obtain NH, using a technique similar to one previously reported in the literature. We also use a second method which involves translating only the 250 μm map into a NH map at the same angular resolution of 18.2″. An NH2 map via each method is then obtained by subtracting the H I component. Distinguishing our study from previous ones, we adopt a more versatile approach by considering a variable emissivity index, β, and dust absorption coefficient, κ0. This choice enables us to construct a κ0 map, thereby enhancing the depth and accuracy of our investigation of the hydrogen column density. We address the inherent biases and challenges within both methods (which give similar results) and compare them with existing maps available in the literature. Moreover, we calculate a map of the carbon monoxide CO(1 − 0)-to-molecular hydrogen (H2) conversion factor (XCO factor), which shows a strong dispersion around an average value of 1.8 × 1020 cm−2/(K km s−1) throughout the disk. We obtain column density probability distribution functions (N-PDFs) from the NH, NH2, and NH I maps and discuss their shape, consisting of several log-normal and power-law tail components.
Primordial dust rings, hidden dust mass, and the first generation of planetesimals in gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Skliarevskii Aleksandr M. , Guedel Manuel , Molyarova Tamara
Published: May 2024

Aims. We study a new mechanism of dust accumulation and planetesimal formation in a gravitationally unstable disk with suppressed magnetorotational instability and we compare it with the classical dead zone in a layered disk model.

Methods. We used numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit (FEOSAD code) to model the formation and long-term evolution of gravitationally unstable disks, including dust dynamics and growth.

Results. We found that in gravitationally unstable disks with a radially varying strength of gravitational instability (GI), an inner region (of several astronomical units) of low mass and angular momentum transport is formed. This region is characterized by a low effective value for the αGI parameter, often used to describe the efficiency of mass transport by GI in young protoplanetary disks. The inner region is also similar in terms of characteristics to the dead zone in the layered disk model. As the disk forms and evolves, the GI-induced dead zone accumulates a massive dust ring, which is susceptible to the development of the streaming instability. The model and observationally inferred dust masses and radii may differ significantly in gravitationally unstable disks with massive inner dust rings.

Conclusions. The early occurrence of the GI-induced dust ring, followed by the development of the streaming instability suggest that this mechanism may be behind the formation of the first generation of planetesimals in the inner terrestrial zone of the disk. The proposed mechanism, however, crucially depends on the susceptibility of the disk to gravitational instability and requires the magnetorotational instability to be suppressed.
First detection of CF+ in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Gong Yan , Menten Karl M. , Jacob Arshia M. , Henkel Christian , Chen C.-H. Rosie
Published: May 2024

Context. CF+ has been established as a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating photodissociation regions (PDRs) and fluorine abundances in the Milky Way. However, its role in extragalactic environments remains largely uncharted.

Aims. Our objective is to explore the significance of CF+ in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and assess its utility as a probe for examining C+ and fluorine abundances in external galaxies.

Methods. We performed pointed CF+ observations toward an active star-forming region, N113 in the LMC, using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment 12 m submillimeter telescope.

Results. We report the first discovery of CF+ in the LMC through the successful detection of the CF+ (2→1) and (3→2) lines. The excitation models indicate that CF+ emission originates from dense PDRs characterized by an H2 number density of (0.5–7.9) × 104 cm−3 in N113. Our observations provide the first constraint on the fluorine abundance in molecular clouds in the LMC, ≲1.7 × 10−9. This value is about an order of magnitude lower than those previously measured toward red giants in the LMC, indicative of fluorine deficiency in the molecular gas. The estimated column density ratio between C+ and CF+ appears to be lower than the anticipated equilibrium ratio derived from the fluorine abundance in red giants. Both phenomena can be explained by the deficiency of CF+ caused by the freeze-out of its primary chemical precursor, HF, onto dust grains.

Conclusions. The deficiency of CF+ within molecular clouds suggests that the measurements presented in this work serve exclusively as conservative estimates, establishing lower bounds for both the fluorine abundance and C+ column densities in external galaxies.
Vers une nouvelle approche quantitative pour l’évaluation de l’aléa de chute de blocs
Authors: Rossignol Arthur , Martin Rémy , Bourrier Franck
Published: May 2024

L’évaluation de l’aléa de chute de blocs constitue un défi majeur pour les territoires de montagne. Le changement climatique et l’évolution de l’urbanisation ne cessent de modifier profondément notre rapport à l’aléa rocheux et augmentent significativement le nombre d’enjeux exposés. Une quantification précise de cet aléa est donc nécessaire afin d’assurer une gestion adaptée du risque. Toutefois, la complexité du phénomène et la multiplicité des paramètres réels rendent la réalisation d’une telle quantification particulièrement délicate. Dans cet article, nous introduisons une approche quantitative originale s’appuyant sur une formalisation probabiliste et permettant de quantifier précisément l’aléa résultant en combinant plusieurs probabilités intermédiaires. Une application méthodologique en contexte opérationnel est proposée afin d’en montrer le potentiel d’utilisation. Les hypothèses, critères d’approximation et effets liés aux données utilisées font l’objet d’une discussion pour une mise en S100perspective avec les pratiques actuelles. Nous illustrons également l’approche à travers deux exemples, dont un appliqué au cas du Saint-Eynard dans les Alpes françaises.
Comparison of routine del Nido cardioplegia vs two types of modified del Nido cardioplegias for myocardial protection among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Ali Babar , Butt Salman Pervaiz , Nour Mohammad Ghazi , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Shoul Ali Raza , Kumar Arun , Darr Umer , Bhatnagar Gopal
Published: May 2024

Background: The del Nido cardioplegia solution is a widely used method for myocardial protection in various settings. However, there is limited evidence of its effectiveness in adult cardiac surgery, and the baseline solution, Plasma Lyte A, is not readily available, leading to the use of alternative baseline solutions. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of routine del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery and the impact of different baseline solutions on myocardial protection and other perioperative outcomes. Methods: This study was a prospective, double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial conducted at a single tertiary care hospital in Iran. A total of 187 adult patients were evaluated for eligibility, of which 120 met the inclusion criteria for elective isolated CABG surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, with each group consisting of 40 patients. The control group received a normal saline-based routine del Nido cardioplegia, Intervention Group A received Ringer lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia, and Intervention Group B received plain Ringer-based del Nido cardioplegia. The levels of Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Troponin T, Troponin I, and lactate were primarily assessed at four different times: after anesthesia induction (Baseline), 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Results: Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics were the same among groups with insignificant differences (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference among groups based on CK-MB, Troponin T, Troponin I, and lactate levels (p = 0.078, 0.143, 0.311, and 0.129 respectively). However, there was a significant difference in the time effect of Troponin T and Lactate (p = 0.034, p = <0.001). Conclusion: Normal saline, Ringer lactate, and plain Ringer provide comparable myocardial protection in adult-isolated CABG surgery with modified del Nido cardioplegia. Larger studies are needed to identify the best alternative to Plasma Lyte A while maintaining del Nido cardioplegia as the control.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Pfeifer Ute
Published: May 2024

ist unsere Gesellschaft ver-rückt?

Sind Teile der Gesellschaft nach rechts ver-rückt?

In den ersten Wochen und Monaten des Jahres gab es wochenlang regelmäßig Proteste
gegen rechts, Rechtsextremismus, Antisemitismus und Rassismus.
Zum
Glück!
Endoskopie im Kontext von Krieg, der Bundesminister, mögliche
Zukünfte und andere Schnipsel
Authors: Duchmann Rainer
Published: May 2024

Sieht man sich allgemeine Umfragen an, z. B. nach dem wichtigsten gesellschaftlichen
Problem, so wurden im März 2024 die Themen Ukraine/Krieg/Russland (20%) und
Energie/Versorgung/Klima (17%) an zweiter und dritter Stelle genannt [1].
MDMA-gestützte Therapie
Authors: Bechtold Laura , Repantis Dimitris
Published: May 2024

Neben den klassischen Psychedelika, z. B. Psilocybin, werden wieder vermehrt andere Substanzen wie 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamin (MDMA) erforscht. Das Entaktogen („innerlich berührend“) ist in den USA nur noch wenige Schritte von einer möglichen Zulassung zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung entfernt. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die Wirkung, den Einsatz im therapeutischen Setting sowie den Forschungsstand geben. Hierbei sollen insbesondere Sicherheitsaspekte der MDMA-gestützten Therapie beleuchtet werden. Zuletzt folgt ein Ausblick auf eine mögliche Zulassung und damit einhergehende offene Fragen, wie beispielsweise die Umsetzung in der klinischen Praxis. Auch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien wird diskutiert.
Psychedelikaassistierte Psychotherapie
Authors: Daumann Jörg , Herwig Uwe
Published: May 2024

Die Anwendung von Psychedelika in der Psychotherapie wirft erhebliche ethische, soziale und klinische Fragen auf.

Gesundheitliche Risiken, Spezifika des Informed Consent, medialer Einfluss, die Rolle der Therapeuten, Sicherheitsaspekte und der rechtliche Status sind exemplarische Schlüsselbereiche.

Auch in der wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der psychedelikaaugmentierten Psychotherapie sind zahlreiche methodische Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Dazu gehören unter anderem geeignete Kontrollbedingungen, Placebospezifika und Verblindungsprozeduren, um belastbare Erkenntnisse zu generieren. Erwartungsverzerrungen müssen minimiert und/oder inferenzstatistisch herausgerechnet werden.

Kontinuierliche Forschung, Ausbildung und Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Interessengruppen sind notwendig, um die komplexen klinischen, ethischen und methodischen Dimensionen der psychedelischen Forschung und Therapie effektiv zu bewältigen.
Psychotherapeutisches Setting und Integration bei psychedelikaassistierter Therapie
Authors: Brand Manuela , Faerber Luca V. , Kaertner Laura , Mertens Lea J. , Scharf Dennis , Schmitz Christian N. , Spangemacher Moritz , Gründer Gerhard
Published: May 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen mit psychedelischen Substanzen aus einem psychotherapeutischen Blickwinkel. Dabei wird die Rolle der „Integration“ von psychedelischen Erfahrungen diskutiert. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die außergewöhnlichen Erfahrungen, die Menschen unter Psychedelikaeinfluss oftmals erleben, für den psychotherapeutischen Fortschritt nutzbar gemacht werden können.

Material und Methoden Zunächst wird ein einführender Überblick über die Phasen psychedelikaassistierter Therapie (PAT) gegeben. Anschließend wird am Beispiel der Behandlung therapieresistent-depressiver Patienten mit Psilocybin in einer klinischen Studie (EudraCT: 2019–003984–24; NCT04670081) eine Möglichkeit für die psychotherapeutisch begleitete Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen beschrieben.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung(en) Die Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen in den Lebensalltag ist ein wissenschaftlich noch wenig untersuchter, jedoch essenzieller Teil der PAT. Es sollten evidenzbasierte Protokolle entwickelt werden, um die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Therapie durch Methoden zur Integration zu erhöhen.

Klinische Relevanz Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen mit Einführung der PAT in etablierte Gesundheitssysteme zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen wird. Klinische Studien müssen diesem Bedarf mit neuen psychotherapeutischen Behandlungskonzepten begegnen.
Bedeutung der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie im humanmedizinischen Studium, in der akademischen Lehre und Weiterbildung
Authors: Stroh Christine , Meyer Frank
Published: May 2024

In der Lehre spielen die Adipositas- und metabolische Chirurgie aktuell eine limitierte
Rolle. Allerdings besteht aufgrund der rasant wachsenden Zahl an operativen Eingriffen die
Notwendigkeit der Kenntnisvermittlung sowohl im Humanmedizinstudium als auch in der
gastroenterologischen, allgemein- und viszeralchirurgischen Facharztausbildung.

Narrative Kurzübersicht.

Die Aufnahme der komplexen Lehrinhalte der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie in
die chirurgische Lehre und in die allgemein- sowie viszeralchirurgische Facharztausbildung
ist essenziell, um zukunftsorientiert hinsichtlich der Entwicklung des Fachgebiets gewappnet
zu sein.
The role of radiology in provenance research - experiences from the collaboration between radiology and anatomy at the University of Rostock and future perspectives
Authors: Steinhagen Ines , Brinker Ute , Kolbe Verena , Bingert Rebecca , Keiler Jonas , Klussmann-Fricke Bastian-Jesper , Sokiranski Roman , Pirsig Wolfgang , Begerock Anna-Maria
Published: May 2024

Worldwide, the study and examination of human remains and the circumstances of their acquisition for anatomical collection have received great interest. As part of provenance research projects, a large number of collections are being investigated to determine whether the human remains have been acquired in a correct or unlawful way because the people could have been killed in order to be used as “anthropological objects” for research purposes and to become so-called “specimens”. These topics have also been addressed by the Institute of Anatomy at the University Medical Center Rostock. The role of radiology in this interdisciplinary project will be presented using selected examples.

The anatomical collection at the University of Rostock includes 40 human skulls, 14 plaster casts, 6 Egyptian mummy heads, and 1 full-body mummy. In addition to the examination by a historian, an anthropologist, and forensic pathologists, additional computed tomography was carried out on nine skulls and the full-body mummy. Micro-computed tomography was also carried out on seven skulls in order to enable a look behind the mummification material and tissue remains.

(Micro-)computed tomography was able to close diagnostic gaps and the results presented some rather unexpected findings.

Due to interdisciplinary collaboration, individual fates could be determined, which provided information about the individual’s life and death circumstances. None of the examined individuals showed evidence of colonial-era injustice or the use of violence that would have led to their inclusion in the collection. (Micro-)computed tomography was a valuable addition to this provenance research project.
Risk Factors for Missed Follow-up Appointments among Facial Trauma Patients
Authors: Zebolsky Aaron L. , Gallo Nina , Clarke Travis , May Jeffery A. , Dedhia Raj D. , Eid Anas
Published: May 2024

A retrospective case–control study was performed to characterize the rate of missed follow-up appointments after facial trauma and identify associated risk factors.

Follow-up appointments for facial trauma over a 3-month period at a single, safety net hospital were analyzed. Appointment-specific, sociodemographic, trauma, and management data were compared between cases (missed appointments) and controls (attended appointments). Univariate testing and multivariable logistic regression were employed.

A total of 116 cases and 259 controls were identified, yielding a missed appointment rate of 30.9% (116/375). Missed appointments were significantly associated with initial clinic appointments compared to return visits (odds ratio [OR] 2.21 [1.38–3.54]), afternoon visits compared to morning (OR 3.14 [1.94–5.07]), lack of private health insurance (OR 2.91 [1.68–5.18]), and presence of midface fractures (OR 2.04 [1.28–3.27]). Missed appointments were negatively associated with mandible fractures (OR 0.56 [0.35–0.89]), surgical management (OR 0.48 [0.30–0.77]), and the presence of nonremovable hardware (OR 0.39 [0.23–0.64]). Upon multivariable logistic regression, missed appointments remained independently associated with afternoon visits (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.95 [1.12–3.4]), lack of private health insurance (aOR 2.73 [1.55–4.8]), and midface fractures (aOR 2.09 [1.21–3.59]).

Nearly one-third of facial trauma patients missed follow-up appointments, with the greatest risk among those with afternoon appointments, lacking private health insurance, and with midface fractures.
Palladium Nano-Dispersed and Stabilized in Organically Modified Silicate as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Conversion of Aldehydes into O-Silyl Ether Derivatives under Neat Conditions
Authors: Matherne Caitlyn M. , Wroblewski Jordan E. , Fotie Jean , Drago Heather S. , Marchan Gabriela T. , Young Alexis R. , Kingsley Nkechi , Plaisance Craig P.
Published: May 2024

Palladium nanoparticles are dispersed and stabilized in organically modified silicate (Pd@MTES), and characterized by a number of spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XPS. The catalytic effect of this material toward the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones is explored, and the scope of the reaction investigated, with 26 examples provided. This reaction proceeds under neat conditions via heterogeneous catalysis, and a mechanistic pathway supported by DFT calculations is proposed.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Soh Wei Kang , Cheah Kwok Fu , Veettil Sajesh K. , Pandiar Deepak , Nimbalkar Smita , Gopinath Divya
Published: May 2024

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a non-invasive and the latest form of therapy used in the treatment of non oncological diseases as well as cancers of various types and locations. The aim of this study was to systematically review and assess the efficacy of PBMT in managing oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to the interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were implemented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane was conducted to retrieve relevant studies published until June 2023. The outcomes evaluated included the reduction in pain score and clinical severity scores (Prospero No CRD42023428626). A total of eight studies were identified for qualitative synthesis. The pooled analysis incorporating six studies revealed that there are no significant differences for both mean pain score (mean difference [MD] = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.51, 0.93) as well as clinical score (MD = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.4, 0.25) between PBMT and comparison groups. Subgroup analysis based on corticosteroids as controls showed that there was no significant difference in mean reduction in pain score between PBMT and topical steroids (MD = 0.38, 95% CI = −0.54, 1.31). PBMT is as effective as other interventions in the treatment of OLP, though not superior, and can be a promising alternative treatment for cases resistant to steroids or when steroids are contraindicated. Further studies are recommended to standardize the optimal settings for the treatment of OLP.
Association of Polymorphism with Periodontitis and Salivary Levels of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α
Authors: Kzar Wael Abdulazeez , Abbas Raghad Fadhil
Published: May 2024

Objective This investigation aims to investigate the association between HIF-1α genetic polymorphism and periodontitis and examine and contrast the levels of HIF-1α present in the saliva of subjects afflicted with periodontitis and in the control group. Additionally, this study aims to establish diagnostic proficiency of this biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and disease.

Materials and Methods This study entailed the collection of venous blood samples and unstimulated saliva samples from a total of 160 participants, encompassing 80 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and 80 periodontitis-free individuals. The periodontal parameters were evaluated, involving the measurement of clinical attachment loss, the probing pocket depth, and the bleeding on probing percentage. Subsequently, genetic analysis of HIF-1α using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was conducted.

Results The genetic analysis of 352 bp of the HIF-1α gene revealed the presence of 66 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in control samples, whereas 78 SNPs were found in periodontitis sample. The nucleotide A was replaced with a C nucleotide at position 207 of the amplified PCR fragments. The homozygous AA pattern was predominant in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the homozygous CC pattern was more dominant in the periodontitis group, with significant differences between the two groups. The analysis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the comparison between the observed and the expected genotypes showed significant differences between the observed and the expected values in the control and periodontitis groups, as well as the total sample. The highest mean values of the measured periodontal parameters were found in the periodontitis group (clinical attachment loss = 4.759, probing pocket depth = 4.050, and bleeding on probing = 30.950) with statistically significant differences between the groups. The periodontitis group showed significantly higher salivary HIF-1α levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Besides, HIF-1α is a good biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and periodontitis.

Conclusion rs1951795 SNP of HIF-1α has no significant impact on the progression of periodontitis and the salivary level HIF-1α. Periodontitis results in a notable elevation in HIF-1α salivary levels, with an outstanding diagnostic ability to distinguish between periodontitis and periodontal health.
Finite Element Analysis of Anterior Implant-Supported Restorations with Different CAD-CAM Restorative Materials
Authors: Puengpaiboon Usanee , Rattanapan Nichapat , Pasam Vamsi Krishna , Sukjamsri Chamaiporn
Published: May 2024

Objectives Due to the lack of literature concerning the selection of crown materials for the restoration of anterior teeth, this study aimed to investigate the effects of six distinct computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) crown materials on stress and strain distribution within implant-supported maxillary central incisor restorations, employing finite element analysis (FEA). Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted between models that incorporated adjacent natural teeth and those that did not, intending to guide the selection of the most suitable modeling approach.

Materials and Methods Crown materials, including Lava Ultimate, Enamic, Emax CAD, Suprinity, Celtra Duo, and Cercon xt ML, were the subjects of the investigation. FEA models incorporating Coulomb friction were developed. These models were subjected to an oblique load, simulating the average maximum bite force experienced by anterior teeth. The potential for failure in titanium implant components and the prosthesis crown was evaluated through von Mises and principal stress, respectively. Furthermore, the failure of crestal bone was assessed through principal strain values.

Statistical Analysis Stress values for each implant component and strain values of the bone were extracted from the models. To assess the impact of the six groups of crown materials, Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and post-hoc comparisons were conducted. Additionally, a statistical comparison between the two groups with Lava Ultimate and Cercon xt ML was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test to determine the difference in the two modeling approaches.

Results Higher crown material stiffness led to decreased stress in the abutment, fixture, and retaining screw, along with reduced strain in the surrounding bone. However, the decrease in stress and strain values became less significant with increasing crown stiffness. Additionally, the model with adjacent teeth showed significantly lower stress and strain concentrations compared to the model without adjacent teeth.

Conclusion Crowns with a high elastic modulus were the optimal choice for anterior teeth restoration. Constructing FEA models with adjacent teeth was highly recommended to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanical behavior of dental implant restorations.
Digital Planning to Enhance Diagnosis and Precision in Correcting Excessive Gingival Display in the Presence of Asymmetrical Maxillary Position: A Case Report
Authors: Reis Isabella Neme Ribeiro , Damin Gabriel Bittencourt , Pereira Camilla Rodrigues , Ichigi Matheus de Alencar , Sant'Anna Luiza Orsi Caminha , Spin-Neto Rubens , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre
Published: May 2024

This case report addresses the treatment of excessive gingival display (EGD) in the context of maxillary asymmetry, zenith irregularities, and occlusal plane inclination. Digital planning was pivotal in formulating a precise treatment strategy by incorporating facial photographs, digital models, and cone-beam computed tomography data. Parameters, including occlusal plane inclination, teeth position, and lip-to-gingival margin relationships, were considered to ensure treatment alignment with the patient's facial characteristics. Notably, during the planning phase, it was evident that the conventional approach using the cementoenamel junction as the apical limit for incisions would result in asymmetry. Consequently, the gingival margin position was defined in accordance with facial and lip features. The chosen treatment, flapless crown lengthening, was tailored to the patient's thin phenotype and guided by measurements derived from digital planning. Postsurgery, the patient experienced a swift and painless recovery. A harmonious smile with a stable gingival margin position was achieved at the 1-year follow-up, seamlessly complementing the patient's facial attributes. This case underscores the importance of personalized EGD treatment and the value of digital planning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and precise treatment planning, ultimately facilitating optimal treatment strategies.
Quadriparesis Following Intrinsic Traumatic Esophageal Perforation: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Awasthi Anchal , Singh Sunil Kumar , Shaikh Ahemadullah , Verma Saurabh Kumar , Singh Shuchi
Published: May 2024

An elderly diabetic gentleman developed epidural abscess several days after traumatic esophageal perforation secondary to flexion-extension injury of the cervical spine in a road traffic accident. The patient underwent high-resolution ultrasonography of the neck along with noncontrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine, which showed collection in soft tissue of the neck region along with epidural abscesses and osteophytes at multiple levels. However, due to the rarity of cervical esophageal perforation due to vertebral osteophytes, esophageal perforation was missed and was only diagnosed during the second admission of the patient, about 1 month later, when he presented with progressive quadriparesis. We present an extremely rare case of cervical esophageal perforation due to a flexion-extension injury.
Indigenous bodies, gender, and sexuality in the Jesuit Missions of South America (17th–18th centuries)
Authors: Baptista Jean Tiago , Boita Tony Willian
Published: May 2024

Many studies tend to apply categories of gender and sexuality to indigenous peoples in the same way as they are used in the West. This ignores the fact that indigenous peoples have their own notions of people, which are often at odds with Western binary standards. The issue at stake in this article is the inclusion of the analytical categories of gender and sexuality in South American communities, starting with the Jesuit Missions that spread across present-day Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay during the 17th and 18th centuries. To this end, it uses as historical sources a set of 1212 Jesuit writings, including manuscripts and books, as well as architectural, sculptural, and pictorial remains. Using techniques specific to paleography to read manuscripts, the project’s methodology makes use of ethnohistory guided by Content Analysis, thus producing a reading that starts from contemporary indigenous problems in order to build an Indigenous History. The study’s discussion considers that indigenous bodies, once produced by village collectives made up of extended families, were forged in the Jesuit missions according to the parameters of the colonial project. The article therefore demonstrates the genealogy of the bodies of indigenous men, indigenous women, and abject indigenous people, concluding that the current scenario of gender and sexual violence in South America has its origins in the colonial process, and not in indigenous cultures.
Electromagnetic vibrational energy harvester with targeted frequency-tuning capability based on magnetic levitation
Authors: Hu Chengbo , Wang Xinyi , Wang Zhifei , Wang Shudong , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yunjia
Published: May 2024

This article presents a compact magnetic levitation energy harvester (MLEH) with tunable resonant frequency. Unlike many of the reported tunable harvesters with unknown tuning results, the proposed MLEH can be tuned toward designated resonant frequency values within its tuning range. The targeted tuning processes is realized by a nonlinear magnet repulsive force exerted on a Halbach magnet array, combined with a calibrated scaling system. At a sinusoidal acceleration of ±0.15 g, the maximum frequency tuning range of the proposed MLEH is 6.3 Hz (8.1–14.4 Hz), which is 77.8% of its resonant MLEH (8.1 Hz). At a frequency of 9.7 Hz, the output power is 462.1 μW and the calculated normalized power density is 496 μW cm−3 g−2.
Measurement of 2p-3d absorption in a hot molybdenum plasma
Authors: Xiong Gang , Qing Bo , Zhang Zhiyu , Jing Longfei , Zhao Yang , Wei Minxi , Yang Yimeng , Hou Lifei , Huang Chengwu , Zhu Tuo , Song Tianming , Lv Min , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yuxue , Yang Guohong , Wu Zeqing , Yan Jun , Zou Yaming , Zhang Jiyan , Yang Jiamin
Published: May 2024

We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum–scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations. A plastic-tamped molybdenum–scandium foil sample is radiatively heated to high temperature in a compact D-shaped gold Hohlraum driven by ∼30 kJ laser energy at the SG-100 kJ laser facility. X rays transmitted through the molybdenum and scandium plasmas are diffracted by crystals and finally recorded by image plates. The electron temperatures in the sample in particular spatial and temporal zones are determined by the K-shell absorption of the scandium plasma. A combination of the IRAD3D view factor code and the MULTI hydrodynamic code is used to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the sample temperature and density. The inferred temperature in the molybdenum plasma reaches a average of 138 ± 11 eV. A detailed configuration-accounting calculation of the n = 2–3 transition absorption of the molybdenum plasma is compared with experimental measurements and quite good agreement is found. The present measurements provide an opportunity to test opacity models for complicated M-shell configurations.
Lubricant depletion and interface dynamics in liquid-infused microchannel subjected to external oscillations
Authors: Ahuja Ratan , Joshi Suhas S. , Agrawal Amit
Published: May 2024

Lubricant-infused surfaces (LIS) find suitability in a plethora of applications due to their omniphobic functionalities. LIS, however, lose their functionality in the absence of the lubricant. A majority of the studies have focused on understanding the liquid-repellent properties of LIS, but only limited attention has been paid to understanding their durability. In this work, we focus on the interface dynamics for prolonging the durability of LIS during transport for food packaging applications. We analyze the lubricant retention characteristics within cavities when subjected to pure oscillations (zero net flow). The microchannel is excited at f=0.1–10 Hz for viscosity ratio (μr=0.4–1.0 and μr=1.8) for a dovetail cavity with lubricant of two different densities. The failure and stability of LIS are characterized based on the orientation of velocity vectors and the position of vortex formed within the cavity. A random orientation of velocity vectors within the cavity signifies failure of LIS. External oscillations cause the interface to rupture and form drops. Upon rupture, drops of both the external liquid and lubricant are present in the cavity leading to a chaotic interaction between the two fluids and finally resulting in random orientation of vectors. On the other hand, a vortex formed at the liquid–lubricant interface signifies a stable LIS with an intact meniscus. The results show that the stability of LIS has a strong dependence on the viscosity of external liquid and the density of lubricant. A more viscous external liquid and a denser lubricant dampen the vibration effects, thereby exhibiting a stable state with an intact meniscus. The amplitude variation (A=0.001–0.1 m) surprisingly does not show a significant variation in the failure states. Furthermore, the rate of depletion of lubricant from the cavity and its effect on meniscus failure with time are also illustrated. The results from this work will aid in realizing a robust LIS system with prolonged lubricant retention.
Synthesis of low dimensional nanomaterials by pulsed laser ablation in liquid
Authors: Ye Fan , Musselman Kevin P.
Published: May 2024

With the increasing application of functional nanomaterials in numerous fields, considerable effort has been devoted to exploring simple and efficient methods for their synthesis. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is one such novel technique for producing colloidal nanomaterials. It is simple to setup, easy to operate, and can be carried out at room temperature and under atmosphere. This method employs a pulsed laser beam to ablate bulk targets or powders within different liquids, thereby creating colloidal nanomaterials. As a result, it holds significant promise for scalable processing. However, most prior research on PLAL has focused on the synthesis of larger spherical nanoparticles, even though low-dimensional nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires and nanotubes, and two-dimensional nanosheets and nanobelts, find more usage in various applications, such as optoelectronic devices, catalysis, and biomedicine. In the PLAL process, the high-intensity laser pulses not only fragment the illuminated solids to produce nanomaterials but also interact with liquid molecules, generating multiple reactive ions for chemical reactions. Consequently, various low-dimensional nanomaterials can also be generated. This study provides a comprehensive review of low-dimensional nanomaterials synthesized via PLAL, including their formation mechanisms and applications.
Effect of an abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness transition on wind farm wakes: An LES and analytical modeling study
Authors: Kethavath Naveen N. , Ghaisas Niranjan S.
Published: May 2024

Large-eddy simulations (LES) are performed on the flow over a wind farm sited behind an abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness jump. The change in surface roughness affects both the first-order and second-order turbulent statistics. The usual deficit, i.e., the difference between the velocities upstream of the entire wind farm and downstream of a turbine, attains negative values close to the ground, which makes it difficult for modeling within the usual Gaussian radial-shape framework. A different definition, i.e., the difference in velocity at the same location with and without a turbine on a heterogeneous surface, is always positive and is amenable to Gaussian shape-based modeling. For the setup considered here, wind farms sited downstream of a surface roughness jump produce more power than a wind farm sited on a homogeneously rough surface. This increase is primarily because of the larger power generated by the downstream turbines and only slightly due to the increased power of the first-row turbine. The farm performance is affected by the distance between the abrupt change in surface roughness and the position of the first row of turbines. The wind farm performance is also dependent on the aerodynamic roughness upstream of the surface roughness jump. Two single-turbine analytical models and three wake-merging strategies are evaluated for their ability to predict the velocity deficits. A corrected form of the standard Gaussian model with a recently proposed wake-merging methodology, applicable for a varying background field, is found to be insensitive to the tunable model parameter and is consistently in line with the LES results.
Non-conventional resonant behavior of an unconfined magnetic domain wall in a permalloy strip
Authors: Fernández-García Laura , Ruiz-Gómez Sandra , Guerrero Rubén , Guedas Rodrigo , Aroca Claudio , Perez Lucas , Prieto José L. , Muñoz Manuel
Published: May 2024

The resonant dynamic of a magnetic domain wall in a permalloy microstrip has been investigated using an innovative experimental setup that enables a simultaneous measurement of the ferromagnetic resonance and the magnetoresistance. The resonance frequency associated with the presence of the magnetic domain wall increases linearly with the external magnetic field in the range of fields where the domain wall is present in the microstrip. This linear behavior is unusual in a domain wall and not related to the standard resonant modes of a magnetic domain wall, such as breathing, twisting, or translational modes. The slope of this linear dependency is 1.38 GHz/mT, which is an incredibly large value and allows the detection of very small changes in the external magnetic field. This linear behavior opens a path for developing a highly tunable radio frequency oscillator or a magnetic sensing device where the presence of an external field is detected via small variations in the resonant frequency of the domain wall.
Channeling skyrmions: Suppressing the skyrmion Hall effect in ferrimagnetic nanostripes
Authors: Silva R. C. , Silva R. L. , Moreira J. C. , Moura-Melo W. A. , Pereira A. R.
Published: May 2024

The Skyrmion Hall Effect (SkHE) observed in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic (FI) skyrmions traveling due to a spin-polarized current can be a problematic issue when it comes to technological applications. By investigating the properties of FI skyrmions in racetracks through computational simulations, we have described the nature of their movement based on the relative values of the exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya, and anisotropy coupling constants. Beyond that, using a design strategy, a magnetic channel-like nano-device is proposed in which a spin-polarized current protocol is created to successfully control the channel on which the skyrmion will travel without the adverse SkHE. Additionally, a simple adjustment in the current strength can modify the skyrmion position sideways between different parallel channels in the nanostripe.
Bacterial lifestyle shapes pangenomes
Authors: Dewar Anna E. , Hao Chunhui , Belcher Laurence J. , Ghoul Melanie , West Stuart A.
Published: May 2024

Pangenomes vary across bacteria. Some species have fluid pangenomes, with a high proportion of genes varying between individual genomes. Other species have less fluid pangenomes, with different genomes tending to contain the same genes. Two main hypotheses have been suggested to explain this variation: differences in species’ bacterial lifestyle and effective population size. However, previous studies have not been able to test between these hypotheses because the different features of lifestyle and effective population size are highly correlated with each other, and phylogenetically conserved, making it hard to disentangle their relative importance. We used phylogeny-based analyses, across 126 bacterial species, to tease apart the causal role of different factors. We found that pangenome fluidity was lower in i) host-associated compared with free-living species and ii) host-associated species that are obligately dependent on a host, live inside cells, and are more pathogenic and less motile. In contrast, we found no support for the competing hypothesis that larger effective population sizes lead to more fluid pangenomes. Effective population size appears to correlate with pangenome variation because it is also driven by bacterial lifestyle, rather than because of a causal relationship.
SRSF1 interactome determined by proximity labeling reveals direct interaction with spliceosomal RNA helicase DDX23
Authors: Segovia Danilo , Adams Dexter W. , Hoffman Nickolas , Safaric Tepes Polona , Wee Tse-Luen , Cifani Paolo , Joshua-Tor Leemor , Krainer Adrian R.
Published: May 2024

SRSF1 is the founding member of the SR protein family. It is required—interchangeably with other SR proteins—for pre-mRNA splicing in vitro, and it regulates various alternative splicing events. Dysregulation of SRSF1 expression contributes to cancer and other pathologies. Here, we characterized SRSF1’s interactome using proximity labeling and mass spectrometry. This approach yielded 190 proteins enriched in the SRSF1 samples, independently of the N- or C-terminal location of the biotin-labeling domain. The detected proteins reflect established functions of SRSF1 in pre-mRNA splicing and reveal additional connections to spliceosome proteins, in addition to other recently identified functions. We validated a robust interaction with the spliceosomal RNA helicase DDX23/PRP28 using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro binding assays. The interaction is mediated by the N-terminal RS-like domain of DDX23 and both RRM1 and the RS domain of SRSF1. During pre-mRNA splicing, DDX23’s ATPase activity is essential for the pre-B to B spliceosome complex transition and for release of U1 snRNP from the 5′ splice site. We show that the RS-like region of DDX23’s N-terminal domain is important for spliceosome incorporation, while larger deletions in this domain alter subnuclear localization. We discuss how the identified interaction of DDX23 with SRSF1 and other SR proteins may be involved in the regulation of these processes.
Dark continuous noise from mutant G90D-rhodopsin predominantly underlies congenital stationary night blindness
Authors: Chai Zuying , Ye Yaqing , Silverman Daniel , Rose Kasey , Madura Alana , Reed Randall R. , Chen Jeannie , Yau King-Wai
Published: May 2024

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an inherited retinal disease that causes a profound loss of rod sensitivity without severe retinal degeneration. One well-studied rhodopsin point mutant, G90D-Rho, is thought to cause CSNB because of its constitutive activity in darkness causing rod desensitization. However, the nature of this constitutive activity and its precise molecular source have not been resolved for almost 30 y. In this study, we made a knock-in (KI) mouse line with a very low expression of G90D-Rho (equal in amount to ~0.1% of normal rhodopsin, WT-Rho, in WT rods), with the remaining WT-Rho replaced by REY-Rho, a mutant with a very low efficiency of activating transducin due to a charge reversal of the highly conserved ERY motif to REY. We observed two kinds of constitutive noise: one being spontaneous isomerization (R*) of G90D-Rho at a molecular rate (R* s
−1
) 175-fold higher than WT-Rho and the other being G90D-Rho-generated dark continuous noise comprising low-amplitude unitary events occurring at a very high molecular rate equivalent in effect to ~40,000-fold of R* s
−1
from WT-Rho. Neither noise type originated from G90D-Opsin because exogenous 11-
cis
-retinal had no effect. Extrapolating the above observations at low (0.1%) expression of G90D-Rho to normal disease exhibited by a KI mouse model with

Rho
G90D/WT

and

Rho
G90D/G90D

genotypes predicts the disease condition very well quantitatively. Overall, the continuous noise from G90D-Rho therefore predominates, constituting the major equivalent background light causing rod desensitization in CSNB.
Charge-generation structures and their applications in light-emitting devices
Authors: Peng Jingyu , Wang Rujing , Wang Song , Wang Ting , Xue Xulan , Ji Wenyu
Published: May 2024

Due to their unique properties, charge-generation layers (CGLs) have been used as interconnect layers for organic and quantum-dot light-emitting devices (LEDs) consisting of multiple emission units. Furthermore, CGLs have also been integrated into single-emission-unit LEDs and alternating-current LEDs. The charge-generation structures provide charge carriers (electrons and holes) to the devices under an external electric field, instead of charge injection from the electrodes. Therefore, there is no strict requirement for precise matching of energy levels between the electrodes and charge-injection layers. This affords greater flexibility for device design and enhances the efficiency and operational lifespan of devices. In this review, we summarize the development of charge-generation structures and discuss the existing challenges and opportunities. A particular focus is placed on the working mechanism of CGLs and their applications in various LEDs. Additionally, issues such as voltage drop in CGLs, charge generation efficiency, increased operating voltage for the devices, and optimizations of existing CGLs are discussed.