bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Zhenchao , Yao Taikang , Wang Zilu , Liu Beibei , Wu Nan , Lu Ming , Shen Ning
Published: November 2022

Background

The association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and lung cancer risk remains controversial. This study evaluated the association between the use of ACEIs and lung cancer risk.

Methods

Records from five databases were searched from inception to 26 January 2022. Clinical studies involving persons aged ≥18 years with at least one year of follow-up and reporting adverse events, including lung cancer, were recorded with separate outcome reports supplied for the ACEIs and control groups. Data were extracted independently by three authors and pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was lung cancer development. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and lung cancer-related morbidity were calculated.

Results

Of 2400 records screened, 13,061,226 patients were included from seven cohort studies and four case–control studies. Pooled results showed that ACEIs use was linked to increased lung cancer risk (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05–1.36; P = 0.008), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%).

Conclusions

ACEI usage is a greater risk factor for lung carcinogenesis than angiotensin receptor blocker use, especially in Asian patients. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the causal association between the use of ACEIs and lung cancer risk.
Restoration of WT1/miR-769-5p axis by HDAC1 inhibition promotes MMT reversal in mesenchymal-like mesothelial cells
Authors: Bontempi Giulio , Terri Michela , Garbo Sabrina , Montaldo Claudia , Mariotti Davide , Bordoni Veronica , Valente Sergio , Zwergel Clemens , Mai Antonello , Marchetti Alessandra , Domenici Alessandro , Menè Paolo , Battistelli Cecilia , Tripodi Marco , Strippoli Raffaele
Published: November 2022

Histone acetylation/deacetylation play an essential role in modifying chromatin structure and in regulating cell plasticity in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, histone deacetylase (HDAC) pharmacological inhibitors are promising tools in the therapy of fibrotic diseases and in cancer. Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by many cellular and molecular alterations, including the acquisition of invasive/pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT). The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of the antifibrotic role of HDAC1 inhibition. Specifically, treatment with MS-275, an HDAC1-3 inhibitor previously known to promote MMT reversal, induced the expression of several TGFBRI mRNA-targeting miRNAs. Among them, miR-769-5p ectopic expression was sufficient to promote MMT reversal and to limit MC migration and invasion, whereas miR-769-5p silencing further enhanced mesenchymal gene expression. These results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Interestingly, miR-769-5p silencing maintained mesenchymal features despite HDAC1 inhibition, thus indicating that it is necessary to drive MMT reversal induced by HDAC1 inhibition. Besides TGFBRI, miR-769-5p was demonstrated to target SMAD2/3 and PAI-1 expression directly. When analyzing molecular mechanisms underlying miR-769-5p expression, we found that the transcription factor Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), a master gene controlling MC development, binds to the miR-769-5p promoter favoring its expression. Interestingly, both WT1 expression and binding to miR-769-5p promoter were increased by HDAC1 inhibition and attenuated by TGFβ1 treatment. Finally, we explored the significance of these observations in the cell-to-cell communication: we evaluated the ability of miR-769-5p to be loaded into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and to promote MMT reversal in recipient mesenchymal-like MCs. Treatment of fibrotic MCs with EVs isolated from miR-769-5p over-expressing MCs promoted the down-regulation of specific mesenchymal targets and the reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology. In conclusion, we highlighted an HDAC1-WT1-miR-769-5p axis potentially relevant for therapies aimed at counteracting organ fibrosis.
Neurocognitive moderation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) effects on cannabis use in schizophrenia: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Johnstone Samantha , Lowe Darby J. E. , Kozak-Bidzinski Karolina , Sanches Marcos , Castle David J. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Rabin Rachel A. , George Tony P.
Published: November 2022

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for cannabis use disorder in schizophrenia; however, gaps in the literature remain as to the potential role of neurocognitive functioning in treatment response. We evaluated the moderating role of select cognitive functions including baseline executive functioning, verbal memory, and sustained attention, and we explore the mediating role of changes in task performance on changes in cannabis use in both active and sham rTMS groups. Participants underwent high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 5x/week for 4 weeks. Weekly self-report of cannabis use and semi-quantitative urinary carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol levels were recorded. A neurocognitive battery assessing verbal memory, visuospatial working memory, verbal working memory, sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning was administered pre- and post-treatment. Better baseline performance on tasks assessing sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning moderated the extent to which participants in the active group reduced cannabis use. There were no significant indirect pathways between treatment, changes in neuropsychological performance, and changes in cannabis use; however, active rTMS improved complex planning and sustained attention. These preliminary findings suggest that there is a moderating role of sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning on the effects of rTMS on cannabis use. Further, mediation models suggest rTMS may exert direct effects on cannabis use independent of its effects on cognitive functioning in people with SCZ. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03189810.
Estimating the risk of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in quarantine hospitals: the Egyptian example
Authors: Jijón Sofía , Al Shafie Ahmad , Hassan Essam ,   EMAE-MESuRS working group on nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 modeling, Duval Audrey , Hamzi Kenza , Hendrickx Niels , Oodally Ajmal , Opatowski Lulla , Shirreff George , Smith David R. M. , Tamandjou Cynthia , Jijón Sofía , Temime Laura , Jean Kévin , Temime Laura , Jean Kévin , El-Kassas Mohamed
Published: November 2022

In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, Egypt established a unique care model based on quarantine hospitals where only externally-referred confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted, and healthcare workers resided continuously over 1- to 2-week working shifts. Using a mathematical model accounting for the false-negative rates of RT-PCR tests, we computed the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs, while unveiling the proportion of infections remaining undiagnosed despite routine testing. We relied on longitudinal data, including results of routine RT-PCR tests, collected within three Egyptian quarantine hospitals. We estimated an incidence rate (per 100 person-day, PD) of 1.05 (95% CrI 0.58–1.65) at Hospital 1, 1.92 (95% CrI 0.93–3.28) at Hospital 2 and 7.62 (95% CrI 3.47–13.70) at Hospital 3. We found that the risk for an HCW to be infected during a working shift lay within the range of risk levels previously documented in standard healthcare settings for Hospitals 1–2, whereas it was > threefold higher for Hospital 3. This large variation suggests that HCWs from quarantine hospitals may face a high occupational risk of infection, but that, with sufficient infection control measures, this risk can be brought down to levels similar to those observed in standard healthcare settings.
Sulfur and nitrogen served as electron donors to rescue short wave emission or fluorescence quenching caused by nucleophilic addition
Authors: Huang Pei , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia
Published: November 2022

SO2 is not only a new potential gas signaling molecule, but also an antioxidant and antioxidant metabolite, which plays an important role in biophysiological and pathological processes.
Synchronized redox pairs in metal oxide/hydroxide chemical analogues for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kalita Nitul , Sahu Alpana , Bhowmick Sourav , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

A two-step fabrication protocol leads to a water oxidation electrode with synchronized electron pairs for better efficacy at low overpotential and better charge transfer kinetics.
A dinoflagellate-inspired mechanochromic film for fast and reversible information encryption and display
Authors: Liu Depeng , Li Longqiang , Yin Guangqiang , Chen Tao
Published: November 2022

Inspired by dinoflagellates, we developed a flexible film consisting of spiropyran-based soft polyacrylate and Zn(OTf)2.
Theoretical insight into the relevance between the oxidation states of CeO2 supported Pt4+/2+/1+/0/2− and their HER performance
Authors: Liu Hongxian , Liu Changling , Ma Chao , Hong Dunhua , Fang Zhenxing , Zhao Haitao , Wu Tongwei , Zhang Yanning
Published: November 2022

The CeO2 supported electron-enriched Pt2− is more suitable for HER than Pt0 and Ptδ+.
One-step fragmentation of a 2D MXene across the fine 1D MnO2surface and its supercapacitance
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Gajraj V. , Upadhyay Sanjay , S. Chetana , Sankaranarayanan Sanjay , Hossain Ismail , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Sen Arijit
Published: November 2022

MnO2/MXene nanocomposite as supercapacitor electrode.
Theoretical study of the CO2–O2 van der Waals complex: potential energy surface and applications
Authors: Ajili Yosra , Quintas-Sánchez Ernesto , Mehnen Bilel , Żuchowski Piotr S. , Brzęk Filip , El-Kork Nayla , Gacesa Marko , Dawes Richard , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: November 2022

A four-dimensional-potential energy surface (4D-PES) of the atmospherically relevant CO2–O2 van der Waals complex is generated using ab initio methodology. Induced complexation shifts and second virial coefficient are also presented.
Detection of airborne pathogens with single photon counting and a real-time spectrometer on microfluidics
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Taiwei , Dong Sizhe , Zhang Suliang , Jia Yanwei , Mao Hanping , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Fu , Pan Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaodong , Dong Zining
Published: November 2022

Focusing particles in the gas flow with gas sheath, real-time counting and classification based on single photon and spectrum.
Tip-enhanced nanoscopy of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: progress and perspectives
Authors: Shao Jiaqi , Su Weitao
Published: November 2022

We reviewed the recent progress of TERS and TEPL in the applications of transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterojunctions.
Asymmetric Strecker reaction at the solid/solid interface
Authors: Yoshimura Yuki , Tanaka Yudai , Kobayashi Ryota , Niikura Kohei , Kawasaki Tsuneomi
Published: November 2022

Asymmetric solid-state Strecker reaction arising from crystal chirality of a racemic cyanohydrin has been demonstrated to afford highly enantioenriched α-aminonitrile.
Nonlinear finite‐time control of hydroelectric systems via a novel sliding mode method
Authors: Zhang Runfan , Ren Xinyi , Mahmud Md. Apel , Li Huanhuan
Published: November 2022

A nonlinear finite‐time sliding mode control is proposed in this paper for the governing of complex hydroelectric systems with the finite/fixed setting time. The proposed control method is derived from the finite‐time stability and sliding mode control theories. The finite settling time is calculated and bounded, not depending on the initial conditions of the system. The solution trajectory of the controlled hydroelectric system can reach the sliding manifold in a fixed settling time, regardless of initial values. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the controlled hydroelectric system also converges to a reference state within the fixed settling time. A simulation of a high‐dimensional hydroelectric system verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. In addition, a comparison between the proposed method and the conventional PID method demonstrates the advantages of the proposed method in the shorter settling time and smaller overshoot. The proposed control method allows for the design of a flexible controller and provides an improvement in dynamic performance.
An improved nine‐level switched capacitor‐based inverter with voltage boosting capability and limitation of capacitor current spikes for PV applications
Authors: Kurdkandi Naser Vosoughi , Marangalu Milad Ghavipanjeh , Naderi Yahya , Husev Oleksandr , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Siwakoti Yam , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali
Published: November 2022

To proceed to a net zero carbon world and to mitigate the environmental challenges associated with it, integration speed of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems has been increased around the world. Here, an improved switched‐capacitor based nine‐level inverter is introduced for PV applications. This topology has several benefits such as, voltage boosting feature, using a single DC source, reduction of capacitor charging current spike and extendable input voltage. This inverter produces nine‐level output voltage waveform using single power supply. This topology, using identical two capacitors in parallel with a single DC source, can boost the input voltage. In this inverter to limit spike current of capacitor charging mode, an inductor is placed in the charging path of capacitors with a parallel diode. The power losses and overall efficiency analysis of the improved inverter are considered. To verify the accurate performance of inverter under a step change on power flows, simulation results are obtained by MATLAB/Simulink software and presented. To highlight the benefits of the inverter, a comparison of improved topology with most recent topologies is performed. Finally, to verify the feasibility and performance of the improved inverter, experimental results of a 770 W grid‐tied prototype are presented.
Constraining the X-ray reflection in low accretion-rate active galactic nuclei using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Swift
Authors: Diaz Y. , Hernàndez-García L. , Arévalo P. , López-Navas E. , Ricci C. , Koss M. , Gonzalez-Martin O. , Baloković M. , Osorio-Clavijo N. , García J. A. , Malizia A.
Published: November 2022

Context. An interesting feature of active galactic nuclei (AGN) accreting at low rates is the weakness of the reflection features in their X-ray spectra, which may result from the gradual disappearance of the torus with decreasing accretion rates. It has been suggested that low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN) would exhibit a different reflector configuration than high-luminosity AGN, covering a smaller fraction of the sky or simply having less material. Additionally, we note that the determination of the spectral index (Γ) and the cut-off energy of the primary power-law emission is affected by the inclusion of reflection models, showing their importance in studying accretion mechanisms. This is especially valid in the case of the LLAGN which has previously shown a high dispersion in the relation between Γ and the accretion rate.

Aims. Our purpose is to constrain the geometry and column density of the reflector in a sample of LLAGN covering a broad X-ray range of energy by combining data from XMM-Newton+ NuSTAR + Swift. The spectral analysis also allows us to investigate the accretion mechanism in LLAGN.

Methods. We used XMM-Newton+ NuSTAR + Swift observations of a hard X-ray flux-limited sample of 17 LLAGN from BASS/DR2 with accretion rates of λEdd = LBol/LEdd <  10−3. We fit all spectra using the reflection model for torus (BORUS) and accretion disk (XILLVER) reflectors.

Results. We found a tentative correlation between the torus column density and the accretion rate, with LLAGN showing a lower column density than the high-luminosity objects. We also confirm the relation between Γ and λEdd, with a smaller scatter than previously reported, thanks to the inclusion of high-energy data and the reflection models. Our results are consistent with a break at λEdd ∼ 10−3, which is suggestive of a different accretion mechanism compared with higher accretion AGN.
Rapid formation of massive planetary cores in a pressure bump
Authors: Lau Tommy Chi Ho , Drążkowska Joanna , Stammler Sebastian M. , Birnstiel Tilman , Dullemond Cornelis P.
Published: November 2022

Context. Models of planetary core growth by either planetesimal or pebble accretion are traditionally disconnected from the models of dust evolution and formation of the first gravitationally bound planetesimals. State-of-the-art models typically start with massive planetary cores already present.

Aims. We aim to study the formation and growth of planetary cores in a pressure bump, motivated by the annular structures observed in protoplanetary disks, starting with submicron-sized dust grains.

Methods. We connect the models of dust coagulation and drift, planetesimal formation in the streaming instability, gravitational interactions between planetesimals, pebble accretion, and planet migration into one uniform framework.

Results. We find that planetesimals forming early at the massive end of the size distribution grow quickly, predominantly by pebble accretion. These few massive bodies grow on timescales of ~100 000 yr and stir the planetesimals that form later, preventing the emergence of further planetary cores. Additionally, a migration trap occurs, allowing for retention of the growing cores.

Conclusions. Pressure bumps are favourable locations for the emergence and rapid growth of planetary cores by pebble accretion as the dust density and grain size are increased and the pebble accretion onset mass is reduced compared to a smooth-disc model.
Spatial and dynamical structure of the NGC 2264 star-forming region
Authors: Flaccomio E. , Micela G. , Peres G. , Sciortino S. , Salvaggio E. , Prisinzano L. , Guarcello M. G. , Venuti L. , Bonito R. , Pillitteri I.
Published: November 2022

Context. The formation of stars within molecular clouds and the early stages of stellar evolution (e.g., mass accretion and disk dispersal) are all active research topics. The target of this study, NGC 2264, is a benchmark star-forming region in which these issues can be profitably studied.

Aims. We revisit the structure, dynamics, and star-forming history of NGC 2264 in order to advance our understanding of the processes that lead from molecular clouds to protostars, stellar associations, and the evolution of both.

Methods. We assembled a new extensive sample of NGC 2264 members. To this end we used new X-ray data obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope, Gaia eDR3 data, and an extensive collection of public and published catalogs. Following a previous suggestion that the star-forming region might extend significantly beyond the better studied areas, our search covers a wide 2.5×2.5 degrees region in the sky.

Results. Our catalog comprises more than 2200 candidate members, which is a ∼100% increase over previous determinations. We analyze their spatial distribution and define new substructures. Using Gaia parallaxes we estimate a new average distance to NGC 2264 of 722±2 pc and suggest that the embedded Spokes subregion is ∼20 pc farther away within the molecular cloud. A complex dynamics is unveiled by the available proper motions and radial velocities: we observe signs of global expansion and rotation. At the same time, we observe the collapse and coalescence of two substructures in a region where active star formation is taking place. The fraction of stars with disks and of those undergoing circumstellar accretion varies significantly across the field, suggesting that star formation has been occurring for several million years. A particularly low accretion disk fraction around the O VII star S Mon might be attributed to external disk photoevaporation or to an older age of the stars in the region.

Conclusions. NGC 2264 is not dynamically relaxed and its present configuration is the result of multiple dynamical processes. The cloud has been forming stars for several million years and we identify the process that is likely responsible for the ongoing formation activity.
Low-x behavior of gluon pseudo- and quasi-PDFs
Authors: Chirilli Giovanni Antonio
Published: November 2022

I will present the formalism one may use to study the behavior of the Ioffe-time distribution at large longitudinal distances and show that the pseudo-PDF and quasi-PDF are very different at low-x. Using light-ray operators, I will also show that the higher twist corrections of the quasi-PDF come in not as inverse powers of P but as inverse powers of xBP.
Inclusive b → {u, c}ℓ¯ v̅ℓ modes: Polarized/unpolarized Λb
Authors: Loparco Francesco
Published: November 2022

The increasing number of flavour anomalies motivates the investigation of new processes where tensions similar to the observed ones may emerge. It is necessary to identify observables sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. The analysis which follows concerns the inclusive semileptonic decays of polarized beauty baryons, computed through the Heavy Quark Expansion at O(1/mb3) and at the leading order in αs. New Physics interactions have been taken into account, extending the Standard Model b → Ulv¯l low-energy Hamiltonian, where U = {c, u} and ℓ = {e, μ, τ}, including the full set of D = 6 operators with left-handed neutrinos. Among the possible observables one can consider, the ones depending on the spin of the decaying baryon are very appealing and can be considered for physics programmes of future facilities, such as FCC-ee.
Quantum Field Theory and its Anomalies for Topological Matter
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Cretì Mario , D’Agostino Stefania
Published: November 2022

Topology enters in quantum field theory (qft) in multiple forms: one of the most important, in non-abelian gauge theories, being in the identification of the θ vacuum in QCD. A very relevant aspect of this connection is through the phenomenon of chiral and conformal qft anomalies. It has been realized that a class of materials, comprising topological insulators and Weyl semimetals, also exhibit the phenomenon of anomalies, which are responsible for several exotic phenomena, such as the presence of edge currents, resilient under perturbations and scattering by impurities. Another example comes from the response functions of these materials under thermal and mechanical stresses, that may be performed using correlation functions of stress energy tensors in General Relativity. In this case the conformal anomaly plays an important role. We briefly illustrate some salient features of this correspondence, and the effective action describing the long-range interactions that may account for such topological effects.
From Tquantum mechanics to PT holography
Authors: Landsteiner Karl
Published: November 2022

PT quantum mechanics studies the physics of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having an anti-linear involution denoted by PT as a symmetry. We extend the concept of PT non-Hermitian quantum theory to gauge-gravity duality. Non-Hermiticity is introduced via boundary conditions in asymptotically AdS spacetimes. We identify how key properites such as the PT phase transition are implemented in the gauge-gravity duality. Then we move on to study time dependent systems (holographic quantum quenches) and discuss how Hermitian and non-Hermitian time evolution arise in PT quantum mechanics and how it is implemented in the gauge-gravity duality. A key feature is that the non-Hermitian time evolution violates the null energy condition (NEC) and speculate about possible applications.
Tsallis statistics and QCD thermodynamics
Authors: Deppman Airton , Megías Eugenio
Published: November 2022

We summarize recent progress on the applications of Tsallis statistics to high energy and heavy ion physics. We also address the possible connections of this statistics with a fractal structure of hadrons.
Dynamics of bubble walls at the electroweak phase transition
Authors: De Curtis Stefania , Rose Luigi Delle , Guiggiani Andrea , Muyor Ángel Gil , Panico Giuliano
Published: November 2022

First order phase transitions in the early universe naturally lead to the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves and to the generation of a matter-antimatter asymmetry. The dynamics of the phase transition is affected by the density perturbations in the hot plasma. We address this topic by providing, for the first time, a full numerical solution to the linearized Boltzmann equation for the top quark species coupled to the Higgs field during a first order phase transition at the electroweak scale. Differently from the traditional approaches, our results do not depend on any ansatz and can fully describe the non-equilibrium distribution functions of the particle species in the plasma.
Controlling terahertz sound propagation: some preliminary Inelastic X-Ray Scattering result
Authors: Lynch Scott T. , De Francesco Alessio , Scaccia Luisa , Cunsolo Alessandro
Published: November 2022

The control of sound propagation in materials via the design of their elastic properties is an exciting task at the forefront of Condensed Matter. It becomes especially compelling at terahertz frequencies, where phonons are the primary conveyors of heat flow. Despite the increasing focus on this goal, this field of research is still in its infancy; To achieve a few advances in this field, we performed several Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS) measurements on elementary systems as dilute suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquids. We found that nanoparticles can effectively impact the sound propagation of the hosting liquid. We also explored the possibility of shaping terahertz sound propagation in a liquid upon confinement on quasi-unidimensional cavities. These results are here reviewed and discussed, and future research directions are finally outlined.
The correction of Inelastic Neutron Scattering data of organic samples using the Average Functional Group Approximation
Authors: Preziosi Enrico , Andreani Carla , Romanelli Giovanni , Senesi Roberto
Published: November 2022

The use of the Average Functional Group Approximation for self-shielding corrections at inelastic neutron spectrometers is discussed. By taking triptindane as a case study, we use the above-mentioned approximation to simulate a synthetic dynamic structure factor as measured on an indirect-geometry spectrometer, as well as the related total scattering cross section as a function of incident neutron energy and sample temperature, and the transmission spectra depending on the sample thickness. These quantities, obtained in a consistent way from the Average Functional Group Approximation, are used to calculate the energy-dependent self-shielding correction affecting the sample under investigation. The impact on the intensities of low-energy vibrational modes is discussed, showing that at typical experimental conditions the sample-dependent attenuation factor is about 15% higher compared to the correction at higher energies.
Performances of neutron cold multi-chopper instruments with different source natures among reactor, short and long pulse sources
Authors: Arai Masatoshi
Published: November 2022

Cold multi-chopper instrument is a popular instrument commonly used for variety of scientific fields, built in reactors and sharp pulse sources and will be built in a long pulse source. In this article I compare the performance of those instruments, IN5 at ILL, AMATERAS at J-PARC and CSPEC at ESS, and show a merit/demerit come from the different characters of the source itself, and finally give a suggestion for a further improvement.
Possible options for efficient wide-band polychromatic measurements using chopper spectrometers at pulsed sources
Authors: Nakajima Kenji , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Ohira-Kawamura Seiko , Kambara Wataru
Published: November 2022

The polychromatic incident energy measurements using chopper spectrometers at pulsed sources enables us to measure dynamics with different energy resolutions, i.e., different time-windows with a single-measurement. By increasing the possible time-window for a single-measurement, the efficiency and usefulness of such measurements is enhanced. This is achieved by allowing the crossing of trajectories of different Eis from different source pulses on the time-of-flight diagram (the interveined trajectory). We will present an actual case of the interveined trajectory on AMATERAS, a cold-neutron chopper spectrometer installed at J-PARC, together with our experience. Some of our attempts to formulate the conditions for performing polychromatic Ei measurements employing interveined trajectories are discussed. These which can be applied to existing spectrometers, and considered as design criteria for future chopper spectrometers. Further related plan of AMATERAS to improve measuring efficiency is also mentioned.
Herz und Einsamkeit
Authors: Prondzinsky Roland , Fluch-Niebuhr Johannes , Abitzsch Jana , Wilms Bettina
Published: November 2022

Sterben wir an gebrochenem Herzen? Bricht unser Herz, wenn wir einsam sind? Erkennen Kardiologen einsame Menschen? Fragen sie danach? Forschungsergebnisse weisen auf komplexe Zusammenhänge hin, aber eines scheint sicher zu sein: Einsamkeit ist ein unterschätzter Risikofaktor für den Verlauf kardialer Erkrankungen.
Logische Ebenen nach R. Dilts und die Systemmatrix
Authors: Pfeifer Claudia
Published: November 2022

Das Modell der logischen Ebenen oder auch der Diltsʼschen Ebenen ist ein Erklärungsmodell für persönliche und organisationale Veränderungsprozesse. Inspiriert von der Lerntheorie Gregory Batesons entwickelte Robert Dilts in den 1980er-Jahren sein Modell. Es dient Therapeut*innen und Beratenden zur konzeptionellen Orientierung in ihren beraterischen bzw. therapeutischen Prozessen.
Septorhinoplasty and the Late Impact on Olfactory Function: A Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sousa Francisco Alves de , Santos Mariline , Correia João Tavares , Pinto Ana Nóbrega , Meireles Luís , Ferreira Miguel
Published: November 2022

Septorhinoplasty (SRP) is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. There is a recognized debate about the impact of nasal surgery on olfactory function (OF). The study's objective was to assess the effect of SRP on late postoperative OF. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were employed to assess OF after SRP. All the integrated studies used objective instruments to quantify OF before and after surgery. A literature search was conducted, and the selected works were evaluated, computed, and finally included in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Guidance for Evaluating the Quality of Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Only the latest follow-up OF measurements provided by each research were considered in the analysis. The 95% confidence interval of the effect magnitude for each study was calculated to elucidate effect sizes. Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Five studies reported late OF improvement (45.5%), five reported no alteration in OF (45.5%), and only one study reported OF impairment after SRP (9%). Some works described a transitory decline in OF shortly following surgery, followed by postoperative improvement. A pooled meta-analysis showed that OF was not significantly altered after SRP (p = 0.10) in the late follow-up. SRP surgery seems to constitute a safe procedure concerning OF in the long term. According to research, OF may deteriorate temporarily after surgery with later improvement, sometimes to higher values than baseline. The anticipated evolution of OF after intervention could be discussed during the preoperative consultation for SRP.
Straightforward Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Repeating Unit of the O-Antigenic Polysaccharide from the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O142
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Jana Swapan Kumar , Shit Pradip
Published: November 2022

The pentasaccharide repeating unit rich in 2-acetamido sugars corresponding to the O-antigenic polysaccharide from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been synthesized as the p-methoxyphenyl glycoside in excellent yield using a sequential glycosylation strategy. Regioselective glycosylation, use of a single monosaccharide intermediate in multiple glycosylations, and use of thioglycosides as glycosyl donors in the presence of a combination of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4–SiO2) are key components of the synthetic strategy. All glycosylation reactions were high-yielding with excellent stereochemical outcome.
Obesity and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism after Major Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Gurunathan Usha , Barras Michael , McDougall Catherine , Nandurkar Harshal , Eley Victoria
Published: November 2022

The risk of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty is significantly greater than those of other types of elective orthopaedic procedures. This risk is increased in obesity due to the associated prothrombotic physiological and hematological changes that predispose to embolic events. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the aging population, which contributes to a further increase in the risk of postoperative thrombosis in the older patients. There is a lack of clear evidence regarding dosing information for thromboprophylaxis medications in patients with obesity. As a result, the currently available thromboprophylaxis guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for this group. Suboptimal dosing regimens for these medications can place these patients at a risk of bleeding or clotting complications postsurgery. Hence any increase in dosage may require intensive surveillance for the residual anticoagulant effects and careful balancing of risks and benefits on an individual basis. Our review discusses the basis for increased thrombotic risk in obesity, the evidence supporting dosage recommendations, and the implications of the current guidelines for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with obesity undergoing lower limb arthroplasty.
Approach to Lymphedema Management
Authors: Lin Walter C. , Safa Bauback , Buntic Rudolf F.
Published: November 2022

Millions of people worldwide suffer from lymphedema. In developed nations, lymphedema most commonly stems secondarily from oncologic treatment, but may also result from trauma. More recently, lymphedema has been identified in patients after gender-affirmation phalloplasty reconstruction. Regardless of the etiology, the underlying pathophysiology involves blockage of lymphatic flow, resulting in lymph stasis, thus triggering a cascade of inflammation culminating in fibrosis and adipose deposition. Recent technical advances led to the refinement of physiologic and reductive surgeries—including lymphovenous anastomosis and free functional lymphatic transfer, which collectively encompass a variety of flap procedures including lymph node transfer, lymph channel transfer, and lymphatic system transfer. This article provides a summary of our approach in the assessment and management of the lymphedema patient, including detailed intraoperative photography and imaging, in addition to advanced technical considerations in physiologic reconstruction.
Investigation on charged particles in inductively coupled Ar/O2 plasmas: The role of Ar proportion
Authors: Zhao Xin-Qian , Liang Ying-Shuang , Guo Yuan-Yuan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a 2D fluid model is built to reveal the inductively coupled Ar/O2 plasma behavior at 300 W, 30 mTorr, in the gas mixture of 95% Ar −5% O2 and 10% Ar −90% O2. The reliability of the model is first verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data, and the consistent results are obtained. Then, the spatial distributions of the charged species densities are investigated. As Ar fraction decreases, the maximum densities of charged particles shift toward the coil significantly, and the O2+ becomes the dominant positive ion at higher O2 fractions. The main reaction mechanisms are also discussed. It is concluded that the electrons are generated by the ionization of background gases, and the Ar+ ions are primarily formed by the ionization of Ar. However, the charge exchange processes account for the most production of O2+ and O+ ions at a high Ar fraction. The loss at the walls is the most important process to the consumption of positive ions. For the O− ions, they are first generated by the dissociative attachment of O2 at ground state, followed by the metastable state, and they are destroyed either by the ion–ion recombination with Ar+ ions or the detachment with O atoms as the Ar proportion varies. Finally, the effect of the ion–ion recombination reaction rate coefficients is discussed. The results indicate that rate coefficients of the recombination reactions have a significant influence on the positive ion densities when the Ar fractions are high.
Transition metal crosstalk in conventional graphite-based batteries and advanced silicon-based batteries
Authors: Yoon Sung Gyu , Lee Kyu Hyuck , Kim Minkyu
Published: November 2022

Crosstalk is known to have a significant impact on the cell performance of batteries due to its effect on safety, cycle life, and calendar life. The mechanism and the effects of crosstalk have been investigated in graphite-based batteries. However, with the increasing demand for batteries with high energy densities, graphite anode is being gradually replaced by silicon-based anodes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand crosstalk in silicon-based batteries. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of crosstalk behavior in conventional graphite-based batteries and advanced silicon-based batteries. This paper discusses the mechanism of transition metal-ion crosstalk and its effect on graphite-based and silicon-based batteries.
Understanding the origin of mobility enhancement in wedge-shaped c-GaN nanowall networks utilizing spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Bera Kousik , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Shivaprasad S. M. , Roy Anushree , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: November 2022

Recently, the electron mobility in wedge-shaped c-GaN nanowall networks has been estimated to cross the theoretical mobility limit for bulk GaN. Significant blue-shift of the bandgap has also been observed. Both the findings are explained in terms of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the central vertical plane of the walls due to the polarization charges at the two inclined faces. Carrier concentration and mobility have earlier been determined from thermoelectric power and conductivity measurements with the help of a statistical model. Due to the network nature of the system, direct measurements of these quantities from Hall experiments are not possible. Search for a better way to estimate mobility in this system thus becomes important. Since, strain can also lead to the blue-shift of the bandgap, it is also imperative to evaluate carefully the role of strain. Here, using Raman spectroscopy, we have estimated carrier concentration and mobility in these nanowall networks with varied average tip-widths. Depth distribution of strain and luminescence characteristics are also studied. The study reveals that strain has no role in the bandgap enhancement. Moreover, the electron mobility, which is determined from the lineshape analysis of the A1(LO)-plasmon coupled mode in Raman spectra, has been found to be significantly higher than the theoretical limit of mobility for bulk GaN for the same electron concentration. These results thus corroborate the picture of polarization induced vertical 2DEG formation in these walls as predicted theoretically.
Toward an asymptotic description of Prandtl–Batchelor flows with corners
Authors: Vynnycky M.
Published: November 2022

The Prandtl–Batchelor theorem states that the vorticity in a steady laminar high Reynolds (Re) number flow containing closed streamlines should be constant; however, apart from the simple case of circular streamlines, very little is known about how to determine this constant (ω0). This paper revisits earlier work for flow driven by a surrounding smooth moving boundary, with a view to extending it to the case where the enclosing boundary has corners; for this purpose, a benchmark example from the literature for flow inside a semi-circle is considered. However, the subsequent asymptotic analysis for Re≫1 and numerical experimentation lead to an inconsistency: the asymptotic approach predicts boundary-layer separation, whereas a linearized asymptotic theory and computations of the full Navier–Stokes equations for Re≫1 do not. Nevertheless, by considering a slightly modified problem instead, which does not suffer from this inconsistency, it is found that, when extrapolating the results of such high-Re computations to infinite Re, the agreement for ω0 is around 5%, which is roughly in line with previous comparisons of this type. Possible future improvements of the asymptotic method are also discussed.
Thermal fluid–structural interaction of three cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration with cross thermal buoyancy
Authors: Song Tian , Ding Lin , He Haoyu , Zhang Li , Ran Jingyu
Published: November 2022

The effect of cross thermal buoyancy on the characteristic of flow-induced vibration and mixed convection of three circular cylinders is numerically studied. Two-dimensional simulations were conducted for a Reynolds number (Re) of 100 and five Richardson numbers (Ri) of 0–1.00. The range of the reduced velocity is 3 ≤ U* ≤ 15. Three circular cylinders C1, C2, and C3 are arranged in an equilateral triangle with C1 in upstream. The results show that the maximum amplitude of the C1 increases by up to 21% with considering cross thermal buoyancy in comparison to the case of Ri = 0. The galloping-like response is observed on the C1 at Ri = 1.00. The lift coefficient of three circular cylinders increases with the increase in Ri at U* ≥ 6. When U* exceeds a critical value, the vibrations of the C2 and C3 are in-phase, and the “2S” pattern is observed in the near-wake of three circular cylinders. The near-wake becomes wider, and the vortex shedding frequency increases at U* = 6 and Ri = 0.25 and 0.50. The higher the reduced velocity, the more significant is the effect of cross thermal buoyancy in enhancing heat transfer. The maximum space time-averaged Nusselt number increases by 10.42% in comparison to the case of fixed cylinders.
Getting started
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Kim YouJin
Published: November 2022

This introductory chapter orients the reader to both instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) and research methods in general. We begin with an operationalization of ISLA, followed by an outline of the main research questions and overarching goals within ISLA, and specification of the differences between an applied orientation to research and simply drawing pedagogical implications. In the second half of the chapter, we move into the nature and ultimate aims of research (i.e., theoretical, empirical, applied), in general, and for the specific field of ISLA. We highlight the importance of connecting to and building off prior work and how research contributions must be connected to disciplinary discussions as well as previous scholarly work as well as being ethically sound. Finally, we outline the basics of research decision-making and walk the reader through each of the principal considerations during the design phase of a study.
Unique considerations for ISLA research across approaches
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Kim YouJin
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, which comprises Section III, we discuss several of the most important and impactful considerations that can affect ISLA research design, implementation, and interpretation across methodological approaches. We unpack the use of intact classes, small sample sizes, and recruiting one’s current students as participants. We highlight how to reduce a potential observer effect and what additional limitations one may introduce by having others collect your data. Additionally, we discuss the need to measure learner and teacher individual differences, specifying which are most likely at play in an L2 classroom and what methodological options are robust and realistic for measurement. We then unpack the risk for outside exposure to a given target structure in longitudinal designs, for example, and how to measure potential outside influences. We discuss the reality of heterogeneous prior knowledge and the importance of continuing to recalibrate ISLA research to a bi/multilingual norm. Finally, we move into a step-by-step example of the decision-making necessary when conducting an ISLA study, suggest resources in the field, and provide links to further reading. Throughout the chapter, we include a focus on research ethics particularly relevant for ISLA.
Pronunciation
Authors: Lee Andrew H. , Thomson Ron I.
Published: November 2022

This chapter discusses research methods in the domain of instructed second language (L2) pronunciation. After explaining what pronunciation is and why it is important, the chapter provides an overview of the current consensus surrounding instructed L2 pronunciation research, including major linguistic targets, speech modalities, and instructional techniques in both classroom- and laboratory-based studies, in addition to their effects on the acquisition of L2 pronunciation. It then introduces a range of speech elicitation instruments used in instructed L2 pronunciation research, followed by a discussion of approaches to L2 speech data analysis. The chapter also proposes future directions in instructed L2 pronunciation research and multiple venues in which L2 pronunciation researchers can disseminate their findings, while urging researcher-practitioner collaboration for evidence-based L2 pronunciation teaching. Finally, it concludes by shedding light on the importance of methodological rigor and offering troubleshooting strategies in instructed L2 pronunciation research.
Listening
Authors: Suvorov Ruslan
Published: November 2022

Out of the four language skills, listening is generally deemed to be the least understood and most under-researched (Aryadoust, Kumaran et al., 2020), partly due to its complex and ephemeral nature. Given that neither the process nor the product of instructed L2 listening can be directly observed (Brown & Abeywickrama, 2019), understanding L2 listening development and learners’ performance on listening tasks poses a number of challenges for language educators and researchers alike. Traditionally, listening has been measured indirectly by analyzing its products, such as responses to comprehension questions, whereas research on the processes underlying L2 listening has been lacking (Vandergrift, 2010). Aiming to encourage the use of process-oriented approaches to investigating L2 listening, this chapter summarizes key research trends that are of particular relevance for ISLA and discusses four main methods that can be utilized for data collection and analysis in process-oriented L2 listening studies. The chapter concludes with step-by-step guidelines for implementing eye tracking into L2 listening studies and some additional recommendations for researchers interested in embarking on this type of research.