bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION AND REPRESENTATION OF COMMONLY USED ROOFING MATERIAL USING MULTISENSORIAL AERIAL DATA
Authors: Ilehag R. , Bulatov D. , Helmholz P. , Belton D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. As more cities are starting to experience the urban heat islands effect, knowledge about the energy emitted from building roofs is of primary importance. Since this energy depends both on roof orientations and materials, we tackled both issues by analysing sensor data from multispectral, thermal infrared, high-resolution RGB, and airborne laser datasets (each with different spatial resolutions) of a council in Perth, Australia. To localise the roofs, we acquired building outlines that had to be updated using the normalised digital surface model, the NDVI and the planarity. Then, we computed a semantic 3D model of the study area, with roof detail analysis being a particular focus. The main objective of this study, however, was to classify three commonly used roofing materials: Cement tiles, Colorbond and Zincalume by combining the multispectral and thermal infrared image bands while the high-resolution RGB dataset was used to provide additional information about the roof texture. Three types of image segmentation approaches were evaluated to assess any differences while performing the material classification; pixel-wise, superpixel-wise and building-wise image segmentation. Due to the limited amount of labelled data, we extended the dataset by labelling data ourselves and merged Colorbond and Zincalume into one separate class. The supervised classifier Random Forest was applied to all reasonable configurations of segmentation kinds, numbers of classes, and finally, keeping track of the added value of principal component analysis.
ROCK GLACIER MONITORING USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS: CONVENTIONAL VS. UAV-BASED MAPPING – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kaufmann V. , Seier G. , Sulzer W. , Wecht M. , Liu Q. , Lauk G. , Maurer M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Rock glaciers are creep phenomena of mountain permafrost. Typically, these landforms look like lava flows from a bird’s eye view. Active rock glaciers move downslope with flow velocities in the range of few centimeters to several meters per year. Thus, large masses of rock and ice can be gradually transported down-valley. In this paper we present a comparative study analyzing surface change for Tschadinhorn rock glacier, a relatively fast moving rock glacier located in the Hohe Tauern Range of the Austrian Alps. Aerial photographs (1954–2017) of both metric (conventional) and non-metric (UAV-based) aerial surveys were compared to derive multi-annual to annual flow vector fields and surface height change. For each time interval given we computed a single representative value for flow velocity and, if applicable, also for area-wide surface height change, i.e. volume change. The velocity graph obtained represents the temporal evolution of the kinematics of the rock glacier with good discrimination. Volume change was difficult to quantify since temporal changes were rather small and close to insignificance. The precision and accuracy of the results obtained were numerically quantified. Our study showed that for the Tschadinhorn rock glacier UAV-based aerial surveys can substitute conventional aerial surveys as carried out by national mapping agencies, such as the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV). Thus, UAV-based aerial surveys can help to bridge the data gap between regular aerial surveys. The high accuracy of the UAV-derived results would even allow intra-annual change detection of flow velocity.
EVALUATION AND CALIBRATION OF FIXED-WING UAV MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM EQUIPPED WITH LIDAR AND OPTICAL SENSORS
Authors: Bakuła K. , Ostrowski W. , Pilarska M. , Szender M. , Kurczyński Z.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, a mobile mapping system mounted on the UAV is presented and evaluated. The NEO3 UAV platform is an 11 kg fixed-wing designed by the MSP company. The UAV is equipped with a Riegl miniVUX-1UAV laser scanner, which is integrated with the GNSS/INS system of Applanix APX-15 UAV and two Sony Alfa 6000 cameras collecting images in the following spectrum: visible for the first camera and near-infrared for the second camera. The UAV mobile system presented is dedicated to the acquisition of multisource data for levee monitoring using active and passive remote sensing data. In this paper, the effectiveness of the ultralight laser scanner, which has not been mounted on the fixed-wing platforms so far, was verified in the experiment with respect to data density and accuracy. The example analyses were conducted using ground control points and surfaces measured with a terrestrial laser scanner and visible in point clouds obtained with a dense image matching algorithm. Analyses showed that the achieved accuracy is much related to trajectory accuracy. The final DTM created from the data collected during the float status of the GNSS measurements of the trajectory provided twice less accurate data than during fixed status (vertical error approximately 20 cm and 10 cm respectively).
INTEGRATION OF INS AND GNSS FOR GRAVIMETRIC APPLICATION WITH UAS
Authors: Lin C. A. , Chiang K. W. , Kuo C. Y.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The integration based on Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been successfully developed in observing the gravity. Therefore, this study integrates a navigation-grade INS, iNAV-RQH from iMAR and GNSS from NovAtel to develope an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) using unmanned helicopter for gravimetric application. The advantages include its good flexibility, and it is an intermediate system between the airborne and terrestrial survey in terms of the coverage and spatial resolution. On the other hand, based on the characteristics of vertical take-off and landing, in addition to the kinematic mode as the measure method in the acquisition of gravimetric results, the Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) mode is implemented as a novel method with the developed UAS. The preliminary results in kinematic mode show that the internal accuracies of horizontal and vertical gravity disturbance at crossover points are approximately 6–11 mGal and 4 mGal, respectively, with a 0.5-km resolution. As expected, the accuracy in down component is higher than that in horizontal components because the orientation errors could cause large error in horizontal components. Moreover, the repeatability in ZUPT mode is evaluated with accuracies of approximately 2–3 mGal. The capability of developed UAS for gravimetric application has been demonstrated through various scenarios in this study.
EXPLORING ALS AND DIM DATA FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION USING CNNS
Authors: Politz F. , Sester M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Over the past years, the algorithms for dense image matching (DIM) to obtain point clouds from aerial images improved significantly. Consequently, DIM point clouds are now a good alternative to the established Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point clouds for remote sensing applications. In order to derive high-level applications such as digital terrain models or city models, each point within a point cloud must be assigned a class label. Usually, ALS and DIM are labelled with different classifiers due to their varying characteristics. In this work, we explore both point cloud types in a fully convolutional encoder-decoder network, which learns to classify ALS as well as DIM point clouds. As input, we project the point clouds onto a 2D image raster plane and calculate the minimal, average and maximal height values for each raster cell. The network then differentiates between the classes ground, non-ground, building and no data. We test our network in six training setups using only one point cloud type, both point clouds as well as several transfer-learning approaches. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare all results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of all setups. The best network achieves an overall accuracy of 96 % in an ALS and 83 % in a DIM test set.
ACCURATE VISUAL LOCALIZATION IN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS EXPLOITING 3D IMAGE SPACES AS SPATIAL REFERENCE
Authors: Rettenmund D. , Fehr M. , Cavegn S. , Nebiker S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present a method for visual localization and pose estimation based on 3D image spaces. The method works in indoor and outdoor environments and does not require the presence of control points or markers. The method is evaluated with different sensors in an outdoor and an indoor test field. The results of our research show the viability of single image localization with absolute position accuracies at the decimetre level for outdoor environments and 5 cm or better for indoor environments. However, the evaluation also revealed a number of limitations of single image visual localization in real-world environments. Some of them could be addressed by an alternative AR-based localization approach, which we also present and compare in this paper. We then discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches and show possibilities for combining them to obtain accurate and robust visual localization in an absolute coordinate frame.
TESTING DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO FOR URBAN GEOREFERENCING
Authors: Silva M. R. S. , Eger R. A. , Rosenfeldt Y. A. Z. , Loch C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The urban environment is dynamic and is constantly changing. In Brazil, it has been recently published a decree for urban land regulation for the cadastre – Decree No 9.310 of 2018 15 of March which fixes 8,0 centimeters as the maximum spherical positional error for vertex of an urban property stock being georeferenced by Global Navigation Satellite System – GNSS equipment or aerial orthophotograph. Nowadays it has been noticed a growing use of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle System – UAVS for remote sensing. This work aims to test if the accuracy of orthophoto-mosaic from a small UAVS mapping data of an urban area for a parcel scale georeferencing is answering the new decree of urban land regulation for the cadastre. It is intended to check the number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) to reach the best quality in terms of geometric resolution according to the necessity of positional quality for the urban parcel georeferenced for the cadastre. As a final consideration, the results implied that mapping a small surveying area with small UAVS is worth, being a potential tool for georeferencing city blocks, and using 20 pairs of GCPs is enough to reach the quality of positional geometry adequate to the Brazilian legislation.
THERMAL IR IMAGING: IMAGE QUALITY AND ORTHOPHOTO GENERATION
Authors: Sledz A. , Unger J. , Heipke C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper deals with two aspects of photogrammetric processing of thermal images: image quality and 3D reconstruction quality. The first aspect of the paper relates to the influence of day light on Thermal InfraRed (TIR) images captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Environmental factors such as ambient temperature and lack of sun light affect TIR image quality. We acquire image sequences of the same object during day and night and compare the generated orthophotos according to different metrics like contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our experiments show that performing TIR image acquisition during night time provides a better thermal contrast, regardless of whether we compute contrast over the whole image or over small patches. The second aspect investigated in this work is the potential of using TIR images for photogrammetric tasks such as the automatic generation of Digital Surface Models (DSM) and orthophotos. Due to the low geometrical resolution of a TIR camera and the low image quality in terms of contrast and noise compared to RGB images, the TIR DSM suffers from reconstruction errors and an orthophoto generated using the TIR DSM and TIR images is visibly influenced by those errors. We therefore include measurements of the UAVs positions during image capturing provided by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver to retrieve position and orientation of TIR and RGB images in the same world coordinate system. To generate an orthophoto from TIR images, they are projected onto the DSM reconstructed from RGB images. This procedure leads to a TIR orthophoto of much higher quality in terms of geometrical correctness.
KINEMATIC CALIBRATION USING LOW-COST LiDAR SYSTEM FOR MAPPING AND AUTONOMOUS DRIVING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Tsai G. J. , Chiang K. W. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. More recently, mapping sensors for land-based Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) have combined cameras and laser scanning measurements defined as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), or laser scanner together. These mobile laser scanning systems (MLS) can be used in dynamic environments and are able of being adopted in traffic-related applications, such as the collection of road network databases, inventory of traffic sign and surface conditions, etc. However, most LiDAR systems are expensive and not easy to access. Moreover, due to the increasing demand of the autonomous driving system, the low-cost LiDAR systems, such as Velodyne or SICK, have become more and more popular these days. These kinds of systems do not provide the total solution. Users need to integrate with Inertial Navigation System/ Global Navigation Satellite System (INS/GNSS) or camera by themselves to meet their requirement. The transformation between LiDAR and INS frames must be carefully computed ahead of conducting direct geo-referencing. To solve these issues, this research proposes the kinematic calibration model for a land-based INS/GNSS/LiDAR system. The calibration model is derived from the direct geo-referencing model and based on the conditioning of target points where lie on planar surfaces. The calibration parameters include the boresight and lever arm as well as the plane coefficients. The proposed calibration model takes into account the plane coefficients, laser and INS/GNSS observations, and boresight and lever arm. The fundamental idea is the constraint where geo-referenced point clouds should lie on the same plane through different directions during the calibration. After the calibration process, there are two evaluations using the calibration parameters to enhance the performance of proposed applications. The first evaluation focuses on the direct geo-referencing. We compared the target planes composed of geo- referenced points before and after the calibration. The second evaluation concentrates on positioning improvement after taking aiding measurements from LiDAR- Simultaneously Localization and Mapping (SLAM) into INS/GNSS. It is worth mentioning that only one or two planes need to be adopted during the calibration process and there is no extra arrangement to set up the calibration field. The only requirement for calibration is the open sky area with the clear plane construction, such as wall or building. Not only has the contribution in MMSs or mapping, this research also considers the self-driving applications which improves the positioning ability and stability.
AN APPLICATION OF ROLL-INVARIANT POLARIMETRIC FEATURES FOR CROP CLASSIFICATION FROM MULTI-TEMPORAL RADARSAT-2 SAR DATA
Authors: Ustuner M. , Sanli F. B. , Abdikan S. , Esetlili M. T. , Bilgin G.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Crops are dynamically changing and time-critical in the growing season and therefore multitemporal earth observation data are needed for spatio-temporal monitoring of the crops. This study evaluates the impacts of classical roll-invariant polarimetric features such as entropy (H), anisotropy (A), mean alpha angle (α) and total scattering power (SPAN) for the crop classification from multitemporal polarimetric SAR data. For this purpose, five different data set were generated as following: (1) Hα, (2) HαSpan, (3) HαA, (4) HαASpan and (5) coherency [T] matrix. A time-series of four PolSAR data (Radarsat-2) were acquired as 13 June, 01 July, 31 July and 24 August in 2016 for the test site located in Konya, Turkey. The test site is covered with crops (maize, potato, summer wheat, sunflower, and alfalfa). For the classification of the data set, three different models were used as following: Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forests (RFs) and Naive Bayes (NB). The experimental results highlight that HαASpan (91.43 % for SVM, 92.25 % for RF and 90.55 % for NB) outperformed all other data sets in terms of classification performance, which explicitly proves the significant contribution of SPAN for the discrimination of crops. Highest classification accuracy was obtained as 92.25 % by RF and HαASpan while lowest classification accuracy was obtained as 66.99 % by NB and Hα. This experimental study suggests that roll-invariant polarimetric features can be considered as the powerful polarimetric components for the crop classification. In addition, the findings prove the added benefits of PolSAR data investigation by means of crop classification.
STATISTICAL OUTLIER DETECTION METHOD FOR AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA
Authors: Carrilho A. C. , Galo M. , Santos R. C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Sampling the Earth’s surface using airborne LASER scanning (ALS) systems suffers from several factors inherent to the LASER system itself as well as external factors, such as the presence of particles in the atmosphere, and/or multi-path returns due to reflections. The resulting point cloud may therefore contain some outliers and removing them is an important (and difficult) step for all subsequent processes that use this kind of data as input. In the literature, there are several approaches for outlier removal, some of which require external information, such as spatial frequency characteristics or presume parametric mathematical models for surface fitting. A limitation on the height histogram filtering approach was identified from the literature review: outliers that lie within the ground elevation difference might not be detected. To overcome such a limitation, this paper proposes an adaptive alternative based on point cloud cell subdivision. Instead of computing a single histogram for the whole dataset, the method applies the filtering to smaller patches, in which the ground elevation difference can be ignored. A study area was filtered, and the results were compared quantitatively with two other methods implemented in both free and commercial software packages. The reference data was generated manually in order to provide useful quality measures. The experiment shows that none of the tested filters was able to reach a level of complete automation, therefore manual corrections by the operator are still necessary.
Integrated risk assessment due to slope instabilities
at the roadway network of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
Authors: Mavrouli Olga , Corominas Jordi , Ibarbia Iñaki , Alonso Nahikari , Jugo Ioseba , Ruiz Jon , Luzuriaga Susana , Navarro Jose Antonio
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Transportation corridors such as roadways are often subjected to both natural instability and cut slope failure, with substantial physical damage for the road infrastructure and threat to the circulating vehicles and passengers. In the early 2000s, the Gipuzkoa Regional Council of the Basque country in Spain, marked the need for assessing the risk related to the geotechnical hazards at its road network, in order to assess and monitor their safety for the road users. The Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) was selected as a powerful tool for comparing the risk for different hazards on an objective basis. Few examples of multi-hazard risk assessment along transportation corridors exist. The methodology presented here consists in the calculation of risk in terms of probability of failure and its respective consequences, and it was applied to 95 selected points of risk (PoR) of the entire road network managed by the Gipuzkoa Regional Council. The types of encountered slope instabilities which are treated are rockfalls, retaining wall failures, slow moving landslides, and coastal erosion induced failures. The proposed methodology includes the calculation of the probability of failure for each hazard based on an extensive collection of local field data and its association with the probability of failure and the expected consequences. Instrumentation data from load cells for the anchored walls and inclinometers for the slow moving landslides were used. The expected consequences were assessed for each hazard level in terms of a fixed Unit Cost, UC. The results indicate that the risk can be comparable for the different hazards. 12% of the PoR in the study area were found to be of very high risk.
Word formation is syntactic: Raising in nominalizations
Authors: Bruening Benjamin T.
Published: September 2018

According to Chomsky (1970), raising to subject and raising to object may not take place inside nominalizations. This claim has largely been accepted as fact ever since. For instance, Newmeyer (2009) repeats the claim as crucial evidence for the Lexicalist Hypothesis, the view that word formation takes place in a component of the grammar separate from the phrasal syntax. This paper shows with attested examples and survey data that the claim is false: raising to subject and raising to object are both grammatical inside nominalizations. This argues for a purely syntactic model of word formation, and against Lexicalist accounts. Additionally, the paper shows that one argument against syntactic accounts of nominalization, that from coordination, does not go through, clearing the way for the most parsimonious type of theory: one with only one combinatorial component, not two distinct ones for phrases versus words.
O USO DOS GÊNEROS ORAIS EM PRÁTICAS DE LETRAMENTO NA AULA DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: ENCAMINHAMENTOS PARA A REFLEXÃO
Authors: Silva Júnior Silvio Nunes da
Published: September 2018

A partir das questões emergentes que vêm surgindo no todo social, diversas inquietações pertinentes em relação ao ensino e a aprendizagem de línguas estão aparecendo no campo da Linguística Aplicada (LA), uma delas, a que deu origem a este estudo, é sobre o uso da oralidade em sala de aula, e, mais a fundo, sobre a questão do letramento nas atividades didáticas em sala de aula no intuito de contribuir para o desenvolvimento do aluno para além dos muros da escola. Diante disso, proponho discutir acerca das atividades de letramento no ensino de língua portuguesa com a utilização dos gêneros debate e conto como meio de para contribuir para as práticas linguístico-discursivas dos alunos em situações de aprendizagem, e, além, disso, para o senso crítico deles. Ancoro-me nos estudos dialógicos de Bakhtin (2003) e Volochinov (2017) para refletir sobre os gêneros do discurso, nos estudos de letramento e, também, sobre ensino de língua portuguesa. Com base nessas leituras, aponto dois encaminhamentos, frutos de experiências próprias, de utilização dos referidos gêneros em aulas de língua portuguesa na educação básica.
QUE LÍNGUA FALAMOS? QUE LÍNGUA ENSINAMOS?
Authors: Kessler Kist Rafaela
Published: September 2018

Este artigo é resultado de um trabalho elaborado na disciplina “Agência, Identidade e Discurso”, da Pós-Graduação em Letras na área de Estudos Linguísticos pela Universidade Federal do Paraná. Tem como objetivo observar e analisar trechos do documento oficial de ensino de Língua Portuguesa do Estado do Paraná – DCE, com o intento de refletir acerca de como a língua e o ensino de Língua Portuguesa foram construídos/discursivizados nesse documento, além de verificar a concepção de língua abordada nessa diretriz. Como aporte teórico para realização deste trabalho recorremos a autores como Makoni e Pennycook (2006 e 2010), que discutem a questão da língua como invenção política, alguns pontos a respeito do translingualismo defendidas por Canagarajah (2013). Além de questões acerca da ideia de rizoma levantadas por Deleuze e Guatarri (2006) e Jordão e Fogaça (2012). Como ideia final, apresentamos uma alternativa de desengessamento do caminho apresentado pelo ensino de língua portuguesa do documento oficial de ensino do Estado do Paraná.
Day of Admission is Associated With Variation in Geriatric Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Boylan Matthew R. , Riesgo Aldo M. , Paulino Carl B. , Tejwani Nirmal C.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The transition to bundled payment reimbursement for geriatric hip fractures has incentivized the identification of avoidable inefficiencies in the cost and quality of care. Although a “weekend effect” has been described with regard to hip fracture mortality, measures of efficiency according to the day of hip fracture admission are currently unclear.

Methods:

We identified 62,303 patients aged 65 years or older with a primary diagnosis of femoral neck or intertrochanteric hip fracture in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System between 2009 and 2014. Outcome measures included preoperative delay, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and cost of admission.

Results:

Preoperative delay was longer for weekend admissions, but shorter for admissions on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. Postoperative LOS was longer for admissions on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. Discharge rates varied considerably according to the day of admission, ranging from 12% to 43% by hospital day 4 and 53% to 72% by hospital day 6. No differences in cost according to day of admission were found once preoperative delay and postoperative LOS were accounted for.

Discussion:

Notable variation exists in hospitalizations for geriatric hip fracture depending on the day of admission. Our data suggest the presence of a weekend effect, in which changes in staffing of surgical, medical, and ancillary services lead to increased waiting times for surgery for new admissions and delays in discharge of early- and mid-week admissions.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective study
Biomechanics and Clinical Outcomes of Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Feeley Brian T. , Lau Brian C.
Published: September 2018

Partial meniscectomy for meniscus tears is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons. Much research has been done to evaluate the biomechanical consequences and clinical outcomes from meniscus débridement. Biomechanically, as the portion of the meniscus that is removed increases, greater contact pressures are experienced by the cartilage, which leads to altered knee mechanics. The use of partial meniscectomy to manage degenerative meniscus tears in knees with mild preexisting arthritis and mechanical symptoms may be beneficial; however, its routine use in the degenerative knee over physical therapy alone is not supported. In younger populations, partial meniscectomy may provide equal long-term symptom relief, earlier return to play, and lower revision surgery rate compared with meniscal repair. Partial meniscectomy may result in earlier development of osteoarthritis. Treatment should be patient specific in a shared-decision making process with the patient after discussion about known outcomes.
Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Octogenarians: A Safe Procedure
Authors: Bovonratwet Patawut , Malpani Rohil , Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Tyagi Vineet , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

There has been a lack of studies investigating the perioperative course of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) performed in the increasingly octogenarian (≥80 years old) population in a large sample size. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative complications between primary TSA performed in octogenarians and that performed in younger populations (<70 and 70 to 79 years old) from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary TSA between January 2005 and December 2015 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and stratified into three age groups: <70, 70 to 79, and ≥80 years old. Patient characteristics and comorbidities were compared between the three groups. Propensity score-matched comparisons were then performed for length of hospital stay, 30-day perioperative complications, and readmissions. Risk factors and reasons for readmission in the octogenarians were characterized.

Results:

This study included 3,007 patients who were <70 years old, 2,155 patients who were 70 to 79 years old, and 900 octogenarian patients. Statistical analysis was carried out after matching for propensity score. While no significant differences in perioperative complications were observed between the octogenarians and 70- to 79-year-olds, significantly higher rates of readmission (4.2% versus 1.7%; P = 0.002), pneumonia (1.1% versus 0.0%; P = 0.002), and urinary tract infection (1.8% versus 0.2%; P = 0.001) were found in the octogenarians compared with <70-year-olds. In addition, the octogenarians also had a slightly longer length of hospital stay compared with the younger populations (0.6 days longer than <70-year-olds and 0.4 days longer than 70- to 79-year-olds; both P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These data suggest that primary TSA can safely be considered for octogenarians with only mildly increased morbidities. However, greater preoperative optimization or post-discharge care for octogenarians may be warranted to reduce the rates of readmission.
Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients with Radiographic Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Lei Pengfei , Conaway William K. , Martin Scott D.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

In this study, the prognostic value of osteoarthritis (OA) on the overall failure rate, pain, and function of surgical management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was evaluated via meta-analysis.

Methods:

Relevant comparative studies were obtained from PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane database up until April 2016. Studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria. The study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were reviewed after the assessment of methodological quality of each trial. All data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3.

Results:

Seven studies were identified with 1,129 total patients, with 819 patients in the FAI group and 310 patients in the FAI with OA group. Pooled analyses showed that the overall failure rate was significantly higher in the FAI-OA group than in the FAI group (odds ratio, 8.50; 95% confidence interval, 4.44 to 16.26; P < 0.00001). In addition, the rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was significantly higher in the FAI-OA group (37.3%) than in the FAI group (9.7%) (odds ratio, 19.42; 95% confidence interval, 7.00 to 53.85; P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:

We found that radiographic OA was correlated with higher failure rates, increased conversion to total hip arthroplasty, and worse outcomes after surgical management of FAI.

Level of Evidence:

Level II
Median Nerve Ultrasonography Measurements Correlate With Electrodiagnostic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Severity
Authors: Ting Beverlie L. , Blazar Philip E. , Collins Jamie E. , Mora Ariana N. , Salajegheh Mohammad Kian , Amato Anthony A. , Earp Brandon E.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to assess whether median nerve ultrasonography (US) measurements correlate with the severity scale of electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent both median nerve US and EDS. US measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area at the distal wrist crease and forearm were used to calculate the median nerve wrist-to-forearm ratio. EDS severity was classified according to guidelines from the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine.

Results:

A total of 112 wrists (n = 112) in 78 consecutive patients with a mean age of 59 (range, 26 to 88) years were included. Increased cross-sectional area at the distal wrist crease and wrist-to-forearm ratio were significantly correlated with increased EDS severity (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:

Median nerve US measurements not only distinguished between normal and abnormal EDS but also correlated with the category of EDS severity.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic III
Reliability of Proxy-reported Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function and Pain Interference Responses for Elderly Patients With Musculoskeletal Injury
Authors: Alvarez-Nebreda M. Loreto , Heng Marilyn , Rosner Bernard , McTague Michael , Javedan Houman , Harris Mitchel B. , Weaver Michael J.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments are useful to evaluate health status, but its use can be challenging for some vulnerable elderly patients, requiring aid from their proxies. Whether the proxies could be accurate informants is unknown. The goal of this study was to compare elderly patients' and their proxies' answers with PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) computer adaptive test for the evaluation of patients' outcomes after musculoskeletal injury. In addition, to correlate patients' reported PF with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study, from February to September 2016, in the Orthopaedic trauma clinic of two level I Trauma centers, included 273 patients aged 65 years or older, ambulatory, cognitively intact, with a discernible proxy. PROMIS PF and PI, TUG, and the “FRAIL” Questionnaire screening tool were performed. The correlation of PROMIS scores between patients and proxies, and also with the TUG score, was assessed using Spearman rank correlation. The Bland-Altman analysis served to check agreement and bias. Subgroup comparison was tested using probit transformations.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 75.7 years, SD 7.5 (62.2 years; SD, 13.8 for proxies), 66.7% women, 57.1% married, and 34% with femoral fractures. A significant correlation and agreement of PROMIS PF and PI scores were found between patients and proxies (Spearman rho for both, PF and PI = 0.73), although proxies tended to overestimate the interference of pain on patient's performance (median difference, −1.7; P < 0.001). The correlation was markedly stronger in nonfrail patients and in those with faster TUG scores. There was also a correlation between patients' PROMIS PF and TUG test (Spearman rho = − 0.58).

Conclusions:

Proxies are good informants of the PF of ambulatory, cognitively intact elderly patients, as evaluated by the PROMIS PF instrument, after musculoskeletal injury, although they tend to slightly overestimate PI. The use of proxy-reported PROs might better characterize functional impairment and pain in a vulnerable patient population, and it could decrease selection bias in outcomes research.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic level II
Correlation of Short Knee Radiographs and Full-length Radiographs in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammad M. , Wood Thomas J. , Somerville Lyndsay E. , Howard James L. , Lanting Brent A. , Vasarhelyi Edward M.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The clinical success and longevity of a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in large part depend on our ability to control coronal alignment. However, controversy exists regarding which radiographs to use for the most accurate interpretation. The study assesses the accuracy of coronal alignment measurements using a single short knee radiograph (SKR) in comparison with full-length radiographs (FLRs).

Methods:

Using our institutional database, we retrieved radiographs of all patients who have had pre- and postoperative FLRs for their primary TKA in 2014. The following measurements were obtained on both short and long radiographs: femoral-tibial angle (FTA), anatomic lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, condylar-plateau angle, and condylar-plateau distance. A reliability analysis was conducted between the pre- and postoperative SKRs and FLRs using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:

Radiographs of 236 limbs were included in the analysis. The FTA showed an ICC of 0.84 and 0.69 on the pre- and postoperative radiographs, respectively. Good ICC was seen in the lateral distal femoral angle in both the pre- and postoperative radiographs; these were 0.70 and 0.67, respectively. Also, the medial proximal tibial angle showed good to excellent correlation, with an ICC of 0.83 on the preoperative and 0.66 on the postoperative radiographs.

Conclusion:

This study illustrates that SKRs could be an appropriate substitute for FLRs for the evaluation of primary TKA coronal alignment, especially in the postoperative assessment of these patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) for staging of high-risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Gauvin Simon , Rompré-Brodeur Alexis , Chaussé Guillaume , Anidjar Maurice , Bladou Franck , Probst Stephan
Published: September 2018

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) for initial staging of patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Secondary objectives were to compare the value of 18F-FCH PET/CT to conventional imaging modalities and to evaluate its clinical impact.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 76 patients who underwent 18F-FCH PET/CT for initial staging of high-risk prostate cancer. Using pre-established validation criteria, sensitivity and specificity were determined for metastatic disease. Results were compared to findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and bone scan (BS) when available.

Results: Twenty-two (29%) PET/CT scans were positive, 49 (64%) negative, and five (7%) equivocal for nodal or metastatic disease. Of the positive scans, 17 showed regional lymph node involvement, 12 distant nodes, five bone metastases, and three lung metastases. Overall per-patient sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for metastatic disease were 65%, 100%, 100%, and 78%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 64%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively, for nodal involvement and 86%, 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively, for bone and other metastases. Conventional imaging was negative for the lesion(s) found on PET/CT in five patients. PET/CT changed the clinical management in nine patients (12%).

Conclusions: Although 18F-FCH PET/CT offers some benefits over conventional imaging and demonstrates a high specificity, it remains limited by its sensitivity in the context of high-risk prostate cancer staging. PET with novel urea-based small molecule prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors may overcome some of these limitations. However, the interpretation of the study result is limited by the lack of available histological gold standard, the inclusion of several patients who received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to PET/CT, our retrospective design, and a relatively small sample size.
Having your cake and eating it, too. Over het weren van dual class-structuren uit aandelenindices
Authors: Keijzer T.A.
Published: September 2018

Having your cake and eating it, too. Over het weren van dual class-structuren uit aandelenindices

Enige tijd terug zijn verschillende samenstellers van aandelenindices consultatieprocedures gestart over de opname van beursvennootschappen met een dual class-aandelenstructuur. In deze bijdrage wordt de opkomst van het fenomeen indexbeleggen beschreven en betoogd dat het uitsluiten van dual class-vennootschappen het rendement van beleggers negatief zal beïnvloeden.
Richtlijnvoorstel voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen, fusies en splitsingen: een (geheel) nieuwe stap in het harmonisatieproces
Authors: Verbrugh M.A.
Published: September 2018

Richtlijnvoorstel voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen, fusies en splitsingen: een (geheel) nieuwe stap in het harmonisatieproces

Op 25 april 2018 heeft de Europese Commissie een voorstel voor een nieuwe harmonisatieregeling voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen en grensoverschrijdende splitsingen en een aanpassing van de bestaande regels inzake grensoverschrijdende fusies openbaar gemaakt. In deze bijdrage wordt het voorstel kritisch onderzocht.
Interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en de klachtplicht: de uitzondering op de regel of de regel op de uitzondering?
Authors: Caris S.A.L.L. , Kulk D.J.M.
Published: September 2018

Interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en de klachtplicht: de uitzondering op de regel of de regel op de uitzondering?

In de bijdrage wordt ingegaan op toepassing van de klachtplicht op bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ex artikel 2:9 BW. De auteurs komen tot de conclusie dat er geen goede dogmatische en praktische redenen zijn om de klachtplicht niet van toepassing te verklaren op bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ex artikel 2:9 BW.
Het trustkantoor als bestuurder en ‘omgaan’ in het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht (HR 30 maart 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:470)
Authors: Westenbroek W.A.
Published: September 2018

Het trustkantoor als bestuurder en ‘omgaan’ in het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht (HR 30 maart 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:470)

In deze bijdrage vervolgt de auteur zijn kritiek op de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad over het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht, nu naar aanleiding van een recent arrest waarin een trustbestuurder door derden werd aangesproken. De auteur constateert dat te veel gewicht is toegekend aan de taakverdeling binnen het bestuur en dat de stelplicht die bij externe bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid zou moeten gelden, is miskend. Daarnaast laat de auteur zien dat bij de beoordeling van externe aansprakelijkheid van bestuurders van buitenlandse rechtspersonen tevens dient te worden gekeken naar de wettelijke normen die volgens het recht van die buitenlandse rechtspersonen op bestuurders rusten.
Belgisch erfrecht grondig herzien
Authors: Kolkman W.D.
Published: September 2018

Belgisch erfrecht grondig herzien

Het Belgische erfrecht is per 1 september 2018 gewijzigd. Deze bijdrage gaat in op de belangrijkste veranderingen: de erfrechtelijke reserve, de inbreng van giften en de erfovereenkomsten.
Länderbericht Österreich
Authors: Ferrari Susanne , Köllich Valentina
Published: September 2018

Länderbericht Österreich

Das österreichische Erbrecht ist erst kürzlich grundlegend reformiert worden. Das Erbrechtsänderungsgesetz 2015, das mit 1. Jänner 2017 in Kraft getreten ist, stellt die umfangreichste Reform seit Bestehen des Allgemeinen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches 1811 dar. Kernbereiche betreffen insbesondere sprachliche und inhaltliche Anpassungen an die Bedürfnisse des 21. Jahrhunderts. So haben unter anderem das Testamentsrecht, das gesetzliche Erbrecht und das Pflichtteilsrecht Änderungen erfahren.

Im folgenden Beitrag werden drei Themen des österreichischen Erbrechts behandelt: die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten (Kapitel 2), die Stellung des überlebenden Lebensgefährten (Kapitel 3) und das Pflichtteilsrecht sowie pflichtteilsähnliche Rechte (Kapitel 4). Auch diese Bereiche wurden im Zuge der Reform (teilweise) neu geregelt und modernisiert, weshalb eine nähere Darstellung für den rechtsvergleichenden Diskurs vielversprechend erscheint.
Länderbericht Schweiz
Authors: Künzle Hans Rainer
Published: September 2018

Länderbericht Schweiz

Das schweizerische Eherecht bietet umfassende Möglichkeiten, den überlebenden Ehegatten zu begünstigen. Seine gesetzliche Stellung ist aus vermögensrechtlicher Sicht ausgewogen, auch wenn in einer Revision gegenwärtig möglicherweise sein Pflichtteil etwas eingeschränkt wird. Der Ehegatte kann weniger häufig als die Kinder von Herabsetzung und Ausgleichung betroffen.

Das schweizerische Internationale Erbrecht, welches grundsätzlich am Wohnsitz anknüpft, bietet durch eine Rechts- und Zuständigkeitswahl umfassende Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
The Geopolitical Dilemma of Small States in External Relations: Mongolia’s Tryst with ‘Immediate’ and ‘Third’ Neighbours
Authors: Soni Sharad K
Published: September 2018

No abstract in English
Pedagogia antropofágica no aprofundamento do repertório de saberes culturais de estudantes de pedagogia e seus professores
Authors: Moraes Ana Cristina , Therrien Jacques
Published: September 2018

O texto tematiza a potência de uma Pedagogia Antropofágica na formação inicial de pedagogos, vislumbrando-se o estímulo e a complexificação do repertório de saberes artístico-culturais e experienciais dos estudantes e seus mediadores de aprendizagem. Essa Pedagogia é compreendida como fundante para o aprofundamento de uma formação cultural diversificada nos contextos sócio-políticos, visando criar elementos para a atuação docente, particularmente no referente ao ensino de artes, campo de conhecimento exigido legalmente aos pedagogos. Autores como Tardif (2007), ao discutir saberes e formação docente; Bondía (2002), no referente aos saberes de experiência; Therrien (2010), quando discorre sobre o professor como mediador de saberes; Pimenta (1997; 2006), ao tratar de formação e práxis docente; Libâneo (2002) e Franco (2012), ao situarem o campo da Pedagogia e da atuação do pedagogo; Zeichner (2008), por trazer um olhar complexo sobre professor reflexivo e seu contexto de atuação; Duarte Junior (2010), quando trata de educação estética; Andrade (1924; 1928) e Barcelos e Silva (2008), ao relacionarem antropofagia cultural e educação, subsidiam teoricamente o estudo. A metodologia de investigação é teórica e empírica, nesta última incluindo dados de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes de Pedagogia de uma universidade pública. A questão de pesquisa é assim enunciada: Como a universidade contribui para garantir o acesso a bens artístico-culturais a estudantes do curso de Pedagogia? Concluímos que a Pedagogia Antropofágica constitui concepção de formação que agrega ações educativas de caráter acadêmico e cultural, mobilizadoras de aprendizagens que ampliam horizontes teóricos e práticos necessários à educação estética.
Relação família-escola: o estado da arte na pós-graduação brasileira
Authors: Lima Andreza Maria , Machado Laêda Bezerra
Published: September 2018

A temática da relação família-escola vem ocupando maior espaço na produção científica no Brasil. Neste artigo, analisamos resumos de teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre essa relação produzidas no período 2004-2013 e reconstituímos a história dessa relação com autores como Cunha (2003) e Faria Filho (2000). O estudo, qualitativo, é do tipo Estado da Arte. Foram consultados os bancos de dados do Grupo Observatório Sociológico Família-Escola da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Família e Sociedade Contemporânea da Universidade Católica de Salvador; e de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Os resumos localizados (112) foram mapeados em relação a objetivos, referenciais teóricos, opções metodológicas e resultados. Para análise, utilizamos a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Categorial Temática, resultando na construção de três categorias: Relação família-escola e estratégias educativas familiares; Relação família-escola e fenômenos socio-escolares e Relação família-escola: fenômenos e/ou aspectos dessa relação. Em relação aos referenciais teóricos, menos da metade dos resumos os menciona; quanto a percurso metodológico e resultados das pesquisas, muitas informações também estavam ausentes; em relação resultados, algumas pesquisas indicam certa resistência de professores a configurações familiares diferentes da tradicional e para a influência dessa resistência na relação com a família e/ou o trabalho docente, e outras desconstroem a ideia generalizada de que as famílias de alunos de escola pública são desestruturadas. Apontamos para a necessidade de outras pesquisas sobre a temática, pois há ainda vários aspectos a aprofundar, e para a importância de os resumos serem mais completos.