bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Ferritin bio-nanomaterial in reducing the pollutants level of water in the underground corridors of metro rail using GIS
Authors: Lilly R. , Prabhakaran S. , Giridharan K. , Sambandam Padmanabhan , Stalin B. , Subhashini S. J. , Nagaprasad N. , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: November 2022

The underground developments are likely to deteriorate the water quality, which causes damage to the structure. The pollutant levels largely affect the aquifer properties and alter the characteristics of the water quality. Ferritin nanoparticle usage proves to be an effective technology for reducing the pollutant level of the salts, which are likely to affect the underground structure. The observation wells are selected around the underground Metro Rail Corridor, and the secondary observation wells are selected around the corridors. Ferritin is a common iron storage protein as a powder used in the selected wells identified in the path of underground metro rail corridors. Water sampling was done to assess the water quality in the laboratory. The water quality index plots for the two phases (1995–2008) and (2009–2014) using GIS explains the water quality scenario before and after the Ferritin treatment. The Ferritin treatment in water was very effective in reducing the pollutants level of Fluoride and sulphate salts which is likely to bring damage to the structure.
Relationship between behavioral and mood responses to monetary rewards in a sample of Indian students with and without reported pain
Authors: Tandon Tanya , Piccolo Mayron , Ledermann Katharina , Gupta Rashmi , Morina Naser , Martin-Soelch Chantal
Published: November 2022

Physical pain has become a major health problem with many university students affected by it worldwide each year. Several studies have examined the prevalence of pain-related impairments in reward processing in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries but none of the studies have replicated these findings in a non-western cultural setting. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical pain symptoms in a sample of university students in India and replicate our previous study conducted on university students in Switzerland, which showed reduced mood and behavioral responses to reward in students with significant pain symptoms. We grouped students into a sub-clinical (N = 40) and a control group (N = 48) to test the association between pain symptoms and reward processes. We used the Fribourg reward task and the pain sub-scale of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-27-plus) to assess physical symptoms of pain. We found that 45% of the students reported high levels of physical symptoms of pain and interestingly, our ANOVA results did not show any significant interaction between reward and the groups either for mood scores or for outcomes related to performance. These results might yield the first insights that pain-related impairment is not a universal phenomenon and can vary across cultures.
Fast deliberation is related to unconditional behaviour in iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma experiments
Authors: Montero-Porras Eladio , Lenaerts Tom , Gallotti Riccardo , Grujic Jelena
Published: November 2022

People have different preferences for what they allocate for themselves and what they allocate to others in social dilemmas. These differences result from contextual reasons, intrinsic values, and social expectations. What is still an area of debate is whether these differences can be estimated from differences in each individual’s deliberation process. In this work, we analyse the participants’ reaction times in three different experiments of the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma with the Drift Diffusion Model, which links response times to the perceived difficulty of the decision task, the rate of accumulation of information (deliberation), and the intuitive attitudes towards the choices. The correlation between these results and the attitude of the participants towards the allocation of resources is then determined. We observe that individuals who allocated resources equally are correlated with more deliberation than highly cooperative or highly defective participants, who accumulate evidence more quickly to reach a decision. Also, the evidence collection is faster in fixed neighbour settings than in shuffled ones. Consequently, fast decisions do not distinguish cooperators from defectors in these experiments, but appear to separate those that are more reactive to the behaviour of others from those that act categorically.
Insights into fundamental problems of rockburst under the modern structure stress field
Authors: Rong Hai , Li Nannan , Zhang Hongwei , Sun Dequan , Huo Bingjie
Published: November 2022

Rockbursts are some of the most severe dynamic disasters in coal mines. In this paper, the discrimination method of the tectonic stress field is proposed by analyzing the modern stress field in China. The tectonic stress field formed by modern tectonic movement guides in situ stress measurements. According to the stress state classification, most rockbursts in coal mines in China are closely associated with tectonic stress. For tectonic stress-driven rockbursts, modern tectonic movement and modern tectonic stress fields must be considered. The stress change and energy transfer caused by tectonic movement affect the geological structure where coal mines are located. Energy accumulation under rockburst conditions is mainly formed by natural geo-dynamic movement and the mining configuration, and energy accumulation is the basis for rockbursts. The application of the geo-dynamic environmental evaluation method to determine the coalfield geo-dynamic process and the influence of modern tectonic movement is proposed. Accordingly, the classification method of rockbursts in coal mines is established. Based on the distribution characteristics of modern tectonic conditions in China, it is revealed that these dynamic disasters follow a “110” distribution. Finally, a “three condition” criteria of rockbursts is proposed: the geo-dynamic environment is a necessary condition for rockbursts, mining disturbance is a sufficient condition for rockbursts, and risk-releasing measures are a condition controlling rockburst risk mitigation.
Combined foliar application of Zn and Fe increases grain micronutrient concentrations and alleviates water stress across diverse wheat species and ploidal levels
Authors: Shoormij Fatemeh , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Saeidi Ghodratollah , Shirvani Mehran
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to examine the reaction of several wheat species with different ploidy levels to foliar application of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) under different water regimes. Thirty-five wheat genotypes, including nineteen tetraploids from ten different species, ten hexaploids from five species, and six diploids from three species, were evaluated in the field over two moisture regimes with the following four treatments: control, foliar Zn application, foliar Fe application, and foliar Zn + Fe application. The experiments were conducted according to a split-plot scheme in a randomized complete block design with two replications in each moisture regime. Water stress negatively affected all measured traits, except grain Zn and Fe content. Combined foliar application of Zn + Fe significantly increased yield and alleviated yield reduction caused by water stress. Applying Zn and Fe significantly increased both micronutrient content in grains under both moisture conditions. Tetra and hexaploid species yielded nearly four times as much grain as unimproved diploid species and were less affected by water stress. All ploidy levels responded almost similarly to Zn and Fe treatments, with the combined application being as effective as each element separately. The highest yield increase in response to combined application of Zn + Fe under the two moisture conditions and the highest grain Zn content in response to Zn application under water stress was observed in hexaploid wheat. Combined foliar application of Zn and Fe increases grain Zn and Fe and alleviates water stress's adverse effects on all wheat ploidy levels, making biofortification cost-effective.
Evaluation of synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development based on a composite system: a case study of Anhui Province (China)
Authors: Yang Ziwei , Liu Jingli , Xing Qinfeng
Published: November 2022

Low-carbon development has been the favorite subject with the aim of making a synergy environment. Extensive research on low-carbon development and socio-economic synergy has been conducted by scholars from different perspectives. This paper explores the synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development as a composite system from four levels: resource, energy, economy and society, and improves the theory of low-carbon economic development in a "dual-carbon" perspective. Meanwhile, based on the theoretical research, this paper constructs a synergy model and evaluation index system of low-carbon development and socio-economic development, and conducts an empirical analysis by combining the relevant data of low-carbon governance and socio-economic development in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020. After obtaining the level of synergistic development and constraints of the composite system, the trend of changes in the level of synergy of the composite system is verified by R/S model. It is found that: (1) the composite system composed of low-carbon development and socio-economic development in Anhui Province has certain synergistic effects, and the level of synergistic development is increasing; (2) the studied time series has significant correlation over a long period of time, while it will continue the past development trend. The contribution of this paper is to take the synergy model as the basis and build the R/S model to extend the time cycle of synergy level, which extends the previous theoretical research system of low-carbon development, helps to deepen the theoretical understanding of the synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development, and improves the discussion on building ecological civilization and helping to achieve the goal of "dual-carbon".
Optimizing extraction solvents for deoxynivalenol analysis in maize via infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and chemometric methods
Authors: Femenias Antoni , Fomina Polina , Tafintseva Valeria , Freitag Stephan , Shapaval Volha , Sulyok Michael , Zimmermann Boris , Marín Sonia , Krska Rudolf , Kohler Achim , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: November 2022

Maize samples contaminated with deoxynivalenol have been classified according to the EU limitation by a fast FTIR analysis of different extraction solvents.
A switch to vinylogous reactivity of vinyl diazo esters for the C–H allylation of benzamides by merging cobalt and photoredox catalysis
Authors: Khot Nandkishor Prakash , Deo Nitish Kumar , Kapur Manmohan
Published: November 2022

Herein, a de novo vinylogous reactivity of vinyl diazo esters in the C–H bond allylation of benzamides has been developed by coalescing cobalt and photoredox catalysis via C–H activation/allyl carbene migratory insertion.
Water-insensitive self-adhesive elastomers derived from hydrophobic deep eutectic polymers
Authors: Li Ren’ai , Li Mengqing , Liu Zhulan , Cao Yunfeng
Published: November 2022

Novel hydrophobic deep eutectic polymers that can be self-adhesive underwater are reported by the photopolymerization of polymerizable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents.
Mixed-oxide-containing composite-supported MoPt with ultralow Pt content for accelerating hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Pham Hau Quoc , Huynh Tai Thien , Huynh Quyen
Published: November 2022

Robust Ti0.9Ir0.1O2–C composite-supported MoPt alloy acts as an efficient electrocatalyst for the H2-production process with small overpotential and high turnover numbers.
Design of three-dimensional electrocatalytic all-in-one electrodes by leveraging electrospinning and calcination approaches
Authors: Holade Yaovi , Hagheh Kavousi Zahra , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Masquelez Nathalie , Tingry Sophie , Cornu David
Published: November 2022

We report a strategy to synthesize free-standing electrocatalytic electrodes made of nickel particles with tunable structures and properties. We also have elucidated the origin and the role of the doping nitrogen in the electrospun carbon fibers.
Recovery of syringic acid from aqueous solution by magnetic Fe–Zn/ZIF and its slow release from the CA-coated carrier based on the 3Rs concept
Authors: Zhao Huifang , Wang Ting , Liu Dahuan , Yang Qingyuan
Published: November 2022

The excessive utilization of syringic acid (SA) has caused severe environmental pollution and economic waste.
MOF-on-MOF heterostructures with core–shell and core–satellite structures via controllable nucleation of guest MOFs
Authors: Li Shumin , Zhao Liang , Yao Yining , Gu Zhengying , Liu Chao , Hu Wenli , Zhang Ye , Zhao Qian , Yu Chengzhong
Published: November 2022

We report the synthesis of MOF-on-MOF hybrids with core–shell and core–satellite structures in one selected MOF host–guest couple by controlling the heterogeneous nucleation and homogeneous nucleation growth of guest MOFs.
Evaluation of proton transport and solvation effect in hydrated Nafion membrane with degradation
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Shuai , He Yurong , An Liang
Published: November 2022

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), free radicals easily attack ionomers, resulting in membrane degradation.
New insights into urethane alcoholysis enable chemical full recycling of blended fabric waste
Authors: Xu Wen-Hao , Chen Lin , Zhang Shun , Du Rong-Cheng , Liu Xuehui , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: November 2022

New insights into amide-esterification during urethane alcoholysis are presented, and they enable chemical-full-recycling of blended fabric waste.
Photo-induced spirocyclization of biaryl ynones with ammonium thiocyanate: access to thiocyanate-featured spiro[5,5]trienones
Authors: Chen Shiliu , Yan Qinqin , Fan Jie , Guo Changyou , Li Lijun , Liu Zhong-Quan , Li Zejiang
Published: November 2022

Photo-promoted cascade 6-exo-trig spirocyclization of biaryl ynones with NH4SCN was developed for the preparation of various SCN-containing spiro[5,5]trienones.
Leveraging the elastic deformability of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels for efficient intracellular delivery
Authors: Alhmoud Hashim , Alkhaled Mohammed , Kaynak Batuhan E. , Hanay M. Selim
Published: November 2022

Controllable constrictions in PDMS microchannels were achieved by applying external mechanical force to facilitate cell membrane permeation and intracellular delivery.
2D MoS2/BiOBr van der Waals heterojunctions by liquid-phase exfoliation as photoelectrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Osella Silvio , Brescia Rosaria , Liu Zheming , Gallego Jaime , Cattelan Mattia , Crisci Matteo , Agnoli Stefano , Gatti Teresa
Published: November 2022

2D MoS2/BiOBr van der Waals heterojunctions produced through liquid phase exfoliation are tested as catalysts for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution, with the 1% w/w composition exhibiting good performance and stability to photocorrosion.
Transfer of multi-DNA patches by colloidal stamping
Authors: Khalaf Rawan , Viamonte Andrea , Ducrot Etienne , Mérindol Rémi , Ravaine Serge
Published: November 2022

By use of colloidal stamps, several functional DNA patches were patterned at the surface of particles. The produced DNA-patchy particles are ideal candidates to act as advanced designer building blocks to self-assemble next generation materials.
Ultrafast synthesis of SiC nanowire webs by floating catalysts rationalised through in situ measurements and thermodynamic calculations
Authors: Gómez-Palos Isabel , Vazquez-Pufleau Miguel , Valilla Jorge , Ridruejo Álvaro , Tourret Damien , Vilatela Juan J.
Published: November 2022

This work presents the synthesis of SiC nanowires floating in a gas stream through the vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism using an aerosol of catalyst nanoparticles.
Recurrent attention convolutional neural network optimise track foreign body detection
Authors: Linfeng Wang , Heng Wan , Xuliang Tang , Dan Xiao , Jiayao Liu
Published: November 2022

Timely and accurate identification of track foreign body intrusion is of great significance for maintaining the safety of railway running. Object detection technology based on deep learning can be used to judge the foreign body in the track running area. However, the general target detection technology cannot recognise the foreign object information in complex environment, which has a certain hysteresis. In this study, adaptive adjustment is made to the algorithm according to the limited area in the railway special scene. A new Recurrent Attention Convolutional Neural Network and adaptive particle swarm fusion network is proposed. Produced in the process of image classification and regional sampling information loss, by introducing attention study under the multi‐scale recursive fusion, each scale is a network of target recognition and attention network, starting from the full image, continuously put forward attention area, and as input to realise detection to the next dimension positioning; With the help of adaptive particle swarm optimisation algorithm, the feature information at different levels is fused, and the high‐attention region is generated by continuous recursive clipping from rough to fine, The mutual enhancement of target area detection and fine‐grained features is realised. Experiments conducted by the author in Railway data set showed that its target detection accuracy reached 84.2%. Compared with other existing models, the relative accuracy gain was 10.6% and 8.1%, respectively, and the maximum gain was 6.2% compared with the self‐ablation experiment.
Exploiting hybrid non‐orthogonal multiple access in satellite–terrestrial systems with randomly deployed users
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Huo Mingming , Kang Shaoli , Yue Xinwei
Published: November 2022

In this letter, a hybrid non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme for satellite–terrestrial systems is proposed, which is capable of integrating both power domain NOMA (PD‐NOMA) and code domain NOMA (CD‐NOMA) design modes. The stochastic geometry method is considered to model the position of the terrestrial NOMA user. Specifically, the closed‐form expressions of exact outage probability with imperfect interference cancellation are derived. In order to get more insights, the asymptotic outage probabilities for high SNR conditions are also discussed. Numerical results are provided to confirm the validity of theoretical analysis and reveal the effects of critical parameters on system performance.
An optimal trajectory planning for automated on‐ramp merging
Authors: Liang Jun , Guan Tong , Liu Daoguang , Liu Xiao , Luan Zhenhua , Liu Hang , Yuan Xiaoning
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes an optimal trajectory planning model for automated on‐ramp merging. The minimum cost path based on the optimal control theory is selected as the optimal trajectory of the on‐ramp merging vehicle, which could avoid potential collisions and satisfy the kinematic constraints on the vehicle motion. Moreover, an optimal control strategy is presented to solve the trajectory planning problem of the facilitating vehicle. An analytical closed‐form solution is derived by using the Hamiltonian analysis and the path information of the merging vehicle. Particularly, the proposed planning process also considers the lateral movement of the on‐ramp merging, which is more efficient in the application. Owing to the location and time that the on‐ramp vehicle merges into the mainline can be obtained endogenously by its planning process, the model has high adaptation to various on‐ramp environments. Solutions to the above two optimal methods are implemented in a model predictive control framework to cope with possible external disturbances. Several numerical simulations and PreScan‐Simulink Co‐Simulation illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Furthermore, this methodology is compared with a typical CACC strategy to demonstrate its potential to reduce fuel consumption, as well as improve passenger comfort.
Effect of improved atmospheric opacities in modelling sub-Neptunes
Authors: MacKenzie Jasmine , Grenfell John Lee , Baumeister Philipp , Tosi Nicola , Cabrera Juan , Rauer Heike
Published: November 2022

Aims. We investigate the impact of updated atmospheric mean opacity input values on modelled transit radius and the distribution of interior layer mass fractions.

Methods. We developed and applied a coupled interior-atmosphere model. Our straightforward semi-grey calculation of atmospheric temperature enables us to perform thousands of model realisations in a Monte Carlo approach to address potential degeneracies in interior and atmospheric mass fraction. Our main constraints are planetary mass and radius from which our model infers distributions of the internal structure of exoplanetary classes ranging from Super-Earth to Mini-Neptune. We varied the relative masses of gas, envelope, mantle, and core layers subject to constraints on the bulk density from observations, and investigated the effect of updating atmospheric mean opacities.

Results. First, we validate our model output with observed temperature profiles for modern Neptune. We can reproduce the basic features in the middle atmosphere but not the temperature inversion in the upper layers, which is likely because our model lacks aerosol heating. Calculated interiors are generally consistent with modern Neptune. Second, we compare with the well-studied object GJ 1214 b and obtain results that are broadly consistent with previous findings; they suggest correlations between modelled gas, water, and core mass fractions, although these are generally weak. Updating the opacities leads to a change on the order of a few percent in the modelled transit radius. This is comparable in magnitude to the planned accuracy of the PLATO data for planetary radius, suggesting that the opacity update in the model is important to implement.
Testing general relativity: New measurements of gravitational redshift in galaxy clusters
Authors: Rosselli D. , Marulli F. , Veropalumbo A. , Cimatti A. , Moscardini L.
Published: November 2022

Context.The peculiar velocity distribution of cluster member galaxies provides a powerful tool to directly investigate the gravitational potentials within galaxy clusters and to test the gravity theory on megaparsec scales.

Aims.We exploit spectroscopic galaxy and galaxy cluster samples extracted from the latest releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to derive new constraints on the gravity theory.

Methods.We considered a spectroscopic sample of 3058 galaxy clusters, with a maximum redshift of 0.5 and masses between 1014 − 1015M⊙. We analysed the velocity distribution of the cluster member galaxies to make new measurements of the gravitational redshift effect inside galaxy clusters. We accurately estimated the cluster centres, computing them as the average of angular positions and redshifts of the closest galaxies to the brightest cluster galaxies. We find that this centre definition provides a better estimation of the centre of the cluster gravitational potential wells, relative to simply assuming the brightest cluster galaxies as the cluster centres, as done in past literature works. We compared our measurements with the theoretical predictions of three different gravity theories: general relativity (GR), thef(R) model, and the Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) model. A new statistical procedure was used to fit the measured gravitational redshift signal, and thus to discriminate among the considered gravity theories. Finally, we investigated the systematic uncertainties that possibly affect the analysis.

Results.We clearly detect the gravitational redshift effect in the exploited cluster member catalogue. We recover an integrated gravitational redshift signal of −11.4 ± 3.3 km s−1, which is in agreement, within the errors, with past literature works.

Conclusions.Overall, our results are consistent with both GR and DGP predictions, while they are in marginal disagreement with the predictions of the consideredf(R) strong field model.
Central molecular zones in galaxies: Multitransition survey of dense gas tracers HCN, HNC, and HCO+
Authors: Israel F. P.
Published: November 2022

New measurements of 46 nearby galaxy centers in up to three transitions of HCN, HNC, and HCO+ combined with literature surveys establish a database of 130 galaxies measured in both HCN and HCO+, and 94 galaxies in HNC as well, allowing a systematic exploration of the relations between normalized luminosities and line ratios. The almost linear relations between luminosities are predominantly caused by distance effects and do not reflect galaxy physical properties. Individual galaxies show significant dispersion in both their luminosity and line ratio, which will be analyzed in more detail in a later paper. Very few line ratios correlate either with luminosities or with other line ratios. Only the normalized transition ladders of HCN and HCO+ and the J = 1 − 0 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio are positively correlated with CO and far infrared (FIR) luminosity. On average, HCN and HCO+ have very similar intensities and trace the same gas. In galaxies dominated by an active nucleus, HCO+ intensities appear to be depressed relative to HCN intensities. Only a small fraction of CO emission is associated with gas emitting in HCN and HCO+, yet a significant fraction of even that gas appears to be translucent molecular gas. In the observed galaxy centers, the HCN/CO line intensity ratio is not a proxy for the dense gas fraction, and the FIR/HCN and FIR/CO ratios are not proxies for the star formation efficiency. A proper understandig of star formation requires a more appropriate determination of gas mass than provided by the intensities of individual HCN or CO transitions. The observed molecular line emission is fully consistent with UV-photon heating boosted by significant mechanical heating. The molecular gas sampled by HCN and HCO+ has low kinetic temperatures Tkin = 10 − 50 K, low densities nH = 104 − 105 cm−3, and low optical depths in the ground-state lines. Most of the gas sampled by CO has densities lower by one to two orders of magnitude. For a mechanical heating fraction of 0.5, a modest energy input of only G = 300 G0 is required.
A model of micro-milling cutting forces based on micro-cutting experiments including tool eccentricity and deflection
Authors: Piquard Romain , Le Coz Gaël , Fontaine Michaël , Thibaud Sébastien
Published: November 2022

In this study, a model of micro-milling cutting forces based on elementary cutting experiments is developed. Elementary cutting tests were used to identify the parameters of a new model that includes the uncut chip thickness and the effect of the cutting edge radius. This model assumes a straight cutting edge and a rigid cutting tool and is divided into two terms that represent the ploughing and shearing regimes. The complex shape of the cutting edge of the micro-end-mill is decomposed into linear elementary edges to which the force model can be applied. The uncut chip thickness during tool rotation includes the tool path deviation due to tool run-out and deflection. Micro-milling experiments were performed using a micro-end-mill with the same cutting edge geometry as the tool used in elementary cutting experiments on AISI 6F7 steel. Comparisons between the force model and the experimental results show a good correlation. This model can be extended to a ball-nose micro-end-mill to consider a wide range of operations and can be used to predict and avoid machining errors due to deflection and even tool breakage.
Naarea, le pari des sels fondus
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: November 2022

Naarea propose un petit réacteur à sels fondus et à spectre rapide de 40 MW destiné à améliorer le cycle du combustible en valorisant au maximum l’uranium. L’entreprise met en avant sa volonté d’être « concepteur, fabricant et exploitant ».
« Tous les acteurs émergents viennent voir Framatome »
Authors: Dupin Ludovic
Published: November 2022

Jean-Marie Hamy est directeur des réacteurs avancés chez Framatome. Il détaille pour la RGN comment le concepteur d’îlots nucléaires et de fabrication des combustibles est sollicité pour accompagner l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs de la filière nucléaire.
Regulationsmedizinischer Therapieansatz bei einem Maine-Coon-Kater
mit Demenz
Authors: Kübler Heidi
Published: November 2022

Eine zunehmende Anzahl an Katzen wird heutzutage sehr alt, über
20-jährige Katzen sind keine Seltenheit mehr in der Kleintierpraxis.
Beim geriatrischen Patienten nehmen Erkrankungshäufigkeit und
degenerative Erkrankungen zu. Das betrifft auch die kognitiven
Fähigkeiten. Bereits ab dem 8.–10. Lebensjahr können bei
Katzen Anzeichen von Demenz auftreten. Mithilfe der Regulationsmedizin kann das
Fortschreiten der Symptome verlangsamt und das Zusammenleben von Tierhalter und
Tier erleichtert werden – wie dieses Fallbeispiel zeigt.
Association of Social Determinants of Health and Clinical Factors with Postpartum Hospital Readmissions among Nulliparous Individuals
Authors: Kumar Natasha R. , Grobman William A. , Haas David M. , Silver Robert M. , Reddy Uma M. , Simhan Hyagriv , Wing Deborah A , Mercer Brian M. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: November 2022

Objective Prior data suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum readmission among individuals, especially among those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Existing reports commonly lack granular information on social determinants of health. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with postpartum readmission for individuals and address whether such risk factors differed by whether an individual had an antecedent diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP).

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a large, multicenter prospective cohort study of 10,038 nulliparous participants. The primary outcome of this analysis was postpartum readmission. A priori, participants were analyzed separately based on whether they had HDP. Participant characteristics previously associated with a greater risk of perinatal morbidity or readmission (including social determinants of health, preexisting and chronic comorbidities, and intrapartum characteristics) were compared with bivariable analyses and retained in multivariable models if p < 0.05. Social determinants of health evaluated in this analysis included insurance status, self-identified race and ethnicity (as a proxy for structural racism), income, marital status, primary language, and educational attainment.

Results Of 9,457 participants eligible for inclusion, 1.7% (n = 165) were readmitted following initial hospital discharge. A higher proportion of individuals with HDP were readmitted compared with individuals without HDP (3.4 vs 1.3%, p < 0.001). Among participants without HDP, the only factors associated with postpartum readmission were chorioamnionitis and cesarean delivery. Among participants with HDP, gestational diabetes and postpartum hemorrhage requiring transfusion were associated with postpartum readmission. While the number of postpartum readmissions included in our analysis was relatively small, social determinants of health that we examined were not associated with postpartum readmission for either group.

Conclusion In this diverse cohort of nulliparous pregnant individuals, there was a higher frequency of postpartum readmission among participants with HDP. Preexisting comorbidity and intrapartum complications were associated with postpartum readmission among this population engaged in a longitudinal study.

Key Points
3 Organocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Wu X. , Liu Y. , Jin Z.
Published: November 2022

There has long been interest in obtaining optically pure molecules from racemic or non-chiral starting materials through environmentally friendly chemical transformations with high yields and enantioselectivities. Organocatalytic reactions possess the inherent advantages of non-toxicity and good efficiency and are insensitive to air and moisture. Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) represents one class of the most efficient strategies for the preparation of chiral molecules from racemic mixtures with up to 100% yields. Therefore, DKR reactions promoted by various organic catalysts are attractive based on their efficiencies, selectivities, and low toxicities. In this review, we introduce some representative examples of the reported DKR reactions catalyzed by typical organic catalysts, including chiral amines, Brønsted acids, N-heterocyclic carbenes, phosphines, guanidines, and isothioureas. The aim is to provide readers with a general overview of the scope and efficiency of organocatalytic DKR transformations and to inspire groundbreaking ideas for the development and applications of organocatalytic DKR reactions in future research.
8 Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation
Authors: Pàmies O.
Published: November 2022

The combination of enzymes and metal complexes can be used to achieve the de-epimerization of diastereoisomeric mixtures. Thus, by means of this chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT), a wide range of racemic diols and, to a lesser extent, amino alcohols and diamines, have been transformed into a single diastereoisomer in excellent yields, and diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
10 Applications of Metal-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations for the Synthesis of Complex Molecules
Authors: Goetzke F. W. , Modicom F. , Fletcher S. P.
Published: November 2022

The stereocontrolled synthesis of complex molecules is a key technology for the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine-chemical industries, a well-established field of organic chemistry, and the ultimate proving ground for the value of newly developed synthetic methods. This chapter illustrates how metal-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolutions (DKR) and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations (DYKAT) have been used in the synthesis of complex molecules such as natural products, pharmaceuticals, and chiral ligands. This approach has unique strategic advantages over other methods as it allows the use of racemic starting materials, where asymmetry is introduced at a later stage in a synthetic sequence and can even be used to set multiple stereogenic centers in a single step.
Factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and reduced vaccine confidence in rural underserved populations
Authors: Robinson Renee , Nguyen Elaine , Wright Melanie , Holmes John , Oliphant Catherine , Cleveland Kevin , Nies Mary A.
Published: November 2022

Vaccination remains one of the most effective ways to limit the spread of infectious diseases, and reduce mortality and morbidity in rural areas. Waning public confidence in vaccines, especially the COVID-19 vaccine, remains a cause for concern. A number of individuals in the US and worldwide remain complacent, choosing not to be vaccinated and/or delay COVID-19 vaccination, resulting in suboptimal herd immunity. The primary goal of this study is to identify modifiable factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccine-eligible individuals with access to vaccines in two under-resourced rural states, Alaska and Idaho. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with providers and focus groups with community participants in Alaska and Idaho. A moderator’s guide was used to facilitate interviews and focus groups conducted and recorded using Zoom and transcribed verbatim. Thematic, qualitative analysis was conducted using QDA Miner. Themes and subthemes that emerged were labeled, categorized, and compared to previously described determinants of general vaccine hesitancy: established contextual, individual and/or social influences, vaccine and vaccination-specific concerns. Themes (n = 9) and sub-themes (n = 51) identified during the qualitative analysis highlighted a factor’s contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and poor vaccine uptake. Relevant influenceable factors were grouped into three main categories: confidence, complacency, and convenience. Vaccines are effective public health interventions to promote health and prevent diseases in rural areas. Practical solutions to engage healthcare providers, researchers, vaccine advocates, vaccine manufacturers, and other partners in local communities are needed to increase public trust in immunization systems to achieve community immunity.
Exploring the potential of rising plate meter techniques to analyse ecosystem services from multi-species grasslands
Authors: Obermeyer Kilian , Komainda Martin , Kayser Manfred , Isselstein Johannes
Published: November 2022

Context Continuous grazing in extensive grassland creates grazed and ungrazed patches, which are important for ecosystem service delivery. One possibility for optimising ecosystem services is to target a defined compressed sward height, which can be measured with rising plate meters supplied with internal global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Aims We assessed the ability of a modern rising plate meter to map long-term patch structure in extensively grazed grassland as a means to improve estimation of phytodiversity at paddock scale as a paramount ecosystem service. Methods The patch class proportions obtained from interpolating the georeferenced compressed sward height values were used to calculate phytodiversity indicators at paddock scale as determined by dry-weight ranking. In addition, a modern rising plate meter with internal GNSS receiver was compared with an established one without GNSS receiver. Key results The mapping of the patch classes revealed decreasing proportions of tall patches with increasing stocking intensity. Phytodiversity at paddock scale depended on the proportions of respective patches, highlighting the importance of accurate mapping of patches for ecosystem service assessment. Conclusions The new rising plate meter extends the utilisation of compressed sward height measurements into a spatial context. Patch size, spatial distribution of patches within a paddock and spatial clustering of patches, as well as repeated mapping over time, can be utilised to detect change and monitor long-term management schemes without the need for sophisticated remote-sensing applications. Implications The combination of the new rising plate meter and dry-weight ranking extends grazing management towards biodiversity monitoring in an easy-to-learn approach.
Arabic-English metaphor translation from a cognitive linguistic perspective
Authors: Khalifah Lama , Zibin Aseel
Published: November 2022

This article aims to analyze the translation of Arabic metaphors into English in Naguib Mahfuz’s novelZuqaq Al-Midaq(1966), which Trevor Le Gassick translated asMidaq Alley. With conceptual metaphor theory based on the notion of main meaning focus (Kövecses 2017) and the cogno-cultural approach (Al-Zoubi, Al-Ali, and Al-Hasnawi’s 2007) as its theoretical framework, it uses metaphor identification procedure (MIP) proposed byPragglejaz Group (2007)to identify the metaphorical expressions and Steen’s steps (2007) to extract the conceptual metaphors from linguistic expressions. This study explores how metaphors reflect cultural aspects and how the same conceptual mappings can be realized differently according to the cultural context. The results reveal that metaphors of similar mapping conditions realized similarly constitute the most frequent category, followed by metaphors of similar mapping conditions realized differently, and then by metaphors of different mapping conditions. The study concludes with remarks on the strategies used in translating each category.
Assessing word commonness
Authors: Ekeland Paulsen Mikkel
Published: November 2022

The article investigates the two main corpus indicators of word commonness, frequency and dispersion, through a
cross-validation analysis of frequency and four dispersion measures (‘Range’, ‘Chi-squared’, ‘Deviation of Proportions’ and
‘Juilland’s D’). The approach provides an estimation of the capacity of the named measures to predict the distribution of corpus
items in an extracted language sample. Based on a dataset of 273 Norwegian compounds, the results show that especially Deviation
of Proportions is a robust measure of dispersion that can be used in conjunction with frequency to substantiate assertions of word
commonness based on corpus data. In addition, dispersion measures do not only reflect what sort of distribution the frequency
statistic is generated from, but also how reliable the frequency estimation in the corpus sample is in terms of giving an accurate
representation of frequency in the language variety that the corpus is sampled from.
The effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in a complex open skill
Authors: Bull Hamish G. , Atack Alexandra C. , North Jamie S. , Murphy Colm P.
Published: November 2022

External focus of attention has been shown to promote more automatic motor control, yielding better performance and more efficient technique, than an internal focus. However, most research has used closed‐skill tasks in novices. The extent to which the reported pattern of findings generalises to more complex, time‐constrained tasks requires further investigation. In this study, we investigated the effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in an open‐skill task in skilled performers. Thirteen skilled cricket batters batted from a ball projector in four conditions, receiving instructions to focus on the movement of their hands (internal focus), the movement of their bat (proximal external focus), the flight of the ball (distal external focus), or no instruction (control). Performance and technique were measured by quality of bat‐ball contacts and step length/knee flexion, respectively, whilst playing straight drives. Compared to external focus and control conditions, focusing internally yielded significantly worse batting performance and shorter step lengths, with the largest effects observed between internal and distal external focus conditions. Quality of bat‐ball contact data suggested that participants’ ability to protect the wicket (as evidenced by more miss/edge shots) was more negatively affected by focusing internally than their ability to play shots to score runs (as evidenced by fewer good bat‐ball contacts). Findings suggest that, for skilled performance of open‐skill tasks, a distal external focus yields more effective performance and technique compared with focusing internally. Findings highlight the need for further research on attentional focus effects between different skills within specific sports.
Directional Chiral Optical Emission by Electron-Beam-Excited Nano-Antenna
Authors: Xiong Xiang , Zeng Zhao-Yuan , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu
Published: November 2022

Manipulating directional chiral optical emissions on a nanometer scale is significant for material science studies. The electron-beam-excited nanoantenna provides a favorable platform to tune optical emissions at the deep subwavelength scale. Here we present an L-shaped electron-beam-excited nanoantenna (LENA) with two identical orthogonal arms. By selecting different electron-beam impacting sites on the LENA, either the left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) or the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) emission can be excited. The LCP and RCP emissions possess different emission directionality, and the emission wavelength depends on the arm length of the LENA. Further, we show a combined nanoantenna with two LENAs of different arm lengths. Induced by the electron beam, LCP and RCP lights emit simultaneously from the nanoantenna with different wavelengths to different directions. We suggest this approach is informative for investigating electron-photon interaction and electron-beam spectroscopy in nanophotonics.
Numerical simulation of atmospheric-pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge on a curved dielectric with a curvilinear mesh
Authors: Tamura Hideto , Sato Shintaro , Ohnishi Naofumi
Published: November 2022

A numerical simulation method for atmospheric-pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is presented using a structured curvilinear mesh that is fitted to a curved dielectric surface. The numerical method is based on the plasma fluid model with general coordinate transformation, which is widely used in the field of the computational fluid dynamics. The calculations of a potential distribution formed by a line electrode and a planar surface DBD are performed to confirm the validity of the proposed method. We conducted numerical simulations of the DBD on a wavy surface using the proposed method to investigate the characteristics of the DBD on a curved surface. The propagation velocity of the discharge front and the electric field strength of the discharge front changed depending on the surface shape. The proposed method enables the calculation of the DBD on a complex surface and widens the application range of the numerical simulation in the field of discharge physics.
Nanoscale probing of surface potential landscape at MoS2/BP van der Waals p–n heterojunction
Authors: Raturi Mamta , Kaur Arneet , Tyagi Himanshu , Bhakar Monika , Saini Jyoti , Kaur Manpreet , Sarkar Abir D , Hazra Kiran S
Published: November 2022

2D van der Waals heterostructure paves a path towards next generation semiconductor junctions for nanoelectronics devices in the post silicon era. Probing the band alignment at a real condition of such 2D contacts and experimental determination of its junction parameters is necessary to comprehend the charge diffusion and transport through such 2D nano-junctions. Here, we demonstrate the formation of the p–n junction at the MoS2/Black phosphorene (BP) interface and conduct a nanoscale investigation to experimentally measure the band alignment at real conditions by means of measuring the spatial distribution of built-in potential, built-in electric field, and depletion width using the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) technique. We show that optimization of lift scan height is critical for defining the depletion region of MoS2/BP with nanoscale precision using the KPFM technique. The variations in the built-in potential and built-in electric field with varying thicknesses of MoS2 are revealed and calibrated.
Modelling cyclotron-based production of radioisotopes via TOPAS
Authors: Broder Brittany A , Freifelder Richard , Kucharski Anna , Chen Chin-Tu
Published: November 2022

Objective. In this work, the irradiation of natural titanium foils in the beam-stop of a compact medical cyclotron, an IBA CYCLONE 18/9, is simulated to assess the efficacy of using a beam-stop as a target holder, and using two different target geometries, in the production of vanadium-48, a positron-emitting radioisotope with potential utility as a cancer imaging agent in positron emission tomography. Approach. TOPAS, the TOol for PArticle Simulation, a Geant4-based Monte Carlo program, was used to model the cyclotron beam parameters, choose an appropriate physics list, and simulate the irradiation of targets made from foils of 12 or 12.5 μm thickness. These simulation yields were compared to theoretical yields calculated using cross section data from the literature, as well as assayed yields from experimental irradiations. Main results. We found that most physics lists in TOPAS overestimate the cross section in the desired energy range (16–20 MeV) by at least 136%, with the exception of those using the Bertini Cascade Model. Compared to assayed yields, TOPAS provided a minimum of 0.4% error for cup-shaped targets and at least a 12% overestimation for sphere-shaped targets. Significance. These simulations provide a tool to help explain irregularities in radioisotope production yield and motivate modifications to increase target yield.