bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENELLOPE
Authors: Claes R. A. B. , Manara C. F. , Garcia-Lopez R. , Natta A. , Fang M. , Fockter Z. P. , Ábrahám P. , Alcalá J. M. , Campbell-White J. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Covino E. , Fedele D. , Frasca A. , Gameiro J. F. , Herczeg G. J. , Kóspál Á. , Petr-Gotzens M. G. , Rosotti G. , Venuti L. , Zsidi G.
Published: August 2022

The processes regulating protoplanetary disk evolution are constrained by studying how mass accretion rates scale with stellar and disk properties. The spread in these relations can be used as a constraint to the models of disk evolution, but only if the impact of accretion variability is correctly accounted for. While the effect of variability might be substantial in the embedded phases of star formation, it is often considered limited at later stages. Here we report on the observed large variation in the accretion rate for one target, XX Cha, and we discuss the impact on population studies of classical T Tauri stars. The mass accretion rate determined by fitting the UV-to-near-infrared spectrum in recent X-shooter observations is compared with the one measured with the same instrument 11 years before. XX Cha displays an accretion variability of almost 2 dex between 2010 and 2021. Although the timescales on which this variability happens are uncertain, XX Cha displays an extreme accretion variability for a classical T Tauri star. If such behavior is common among classical T Tauri stars, possibly on longer timescales than previously probed, it could be relevant for discussing the disk evolution models constrained by the observed spread in accretion rates. Finally, we remark that previous studies of accretion variability based on spectral lines may have underestimated the variability of some targets.
Orbital evolution of circumbinary planets due to creep tides
Authors: Zoppetti F. A. , Folonier H. , Leiva A. M. , Gomes G. O.
Published: August 2022

Most confirmed circumbinary planets are located very close to their host binary where the tidal forces are expected to play an important role in their dynamics. Here we consider the orbital evolution of a circumbinary planet with arbitrary viscosity, subjected to tides due to both central stars. We adopt the creep tide theory and assume that the planet is the only extended body in the system and that its orbital evolution occurs after acquiring its pseudo-synchronous stationary rotational state. With this aim, we first performed a set of numerical integrations of the tidal equations, using a Kepler-38-type system as a working example. For this case we find that the amount of planetary tidal migration and also, curiously, its direction both depend on the viscosity. However, the effect of tides on its eccentricity and pericenter evolutions is simply a move toward pure gravitational secular solutions. Then we present a secular analytical model for the planetary semimajor axis and eccentricity evolution that reproduces very well the mean behavior of the full tidal equations and provides a simple criterion to determine the migration directions of the circumbinary planets. This criterion predicts that some of the confirmed circumbinary planets are tidally migrating inward, but others are migrating outward. However, the typical timescales are predicted to be very long, and not much orbital tidal evolution is expected to have taken place in these systems. Finally, we revisit the orbital evolution of a circumbinary planet in the framework of the constant time lag model. We find that the results predicted with this formalism are identical to those obtained with creep theory in the limit of gaseous bodies.
Possible discovery of Calvera’s supernova remnant
Authors: Arias M. , Botteon A. , Bassa C. G. , van der Jagt S. , van Weeren R. J. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Bosschaart Q. , Dullaart R. S. , Hardcastle M. J. , Hessels J. W. T. , Shimwell T. , Slob M. M. , Sturm J. A. , Tasse C. , Theijssen N. C. M. A. , Vink J.
Published: August 2022

We report the discovery of a ring of low surface brightness radio emission around the Calvera pulsar, a high Galactic latitude, isolated neutron star, in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). It is centered at α = 14h11m12s.6, δ = +79°23′15″, has inner and outer radii of 14′.2 and 28′.4, and has an integrated flux density at 144 MHz of 1.08 ± 0.15 Jy. The ring center is offset by 4′.9 from the location of the Calvera pulsar. Observations with the Isaac Newton Telescope in the Hα band show no coincident optical emission, but they do show a small (~20″) optical structure internal to the ring. We consider three possible interpretations for the ring: that it is an H II region, a supernova remnant (SNR), or an odd radio circle (ORC). The positional coincidence of the ring, the pulsar, and an X-ray-emitting non-equilibrium ionization plasma previously detected lead us to prefer the SNR interpretation. If the source is indeed a SNR and if its association with the Calvera pulsar is confirmed, then Calvera’s SNR, or G118.4+37.0, will be one of few SNRs in the Galactic halo.
Ödipus, ein traumatologisch - orthopädischer Fall?
Authors: Schwarz Markus L. R.
Published: August 2022

Das Essay deutet die Gestalt des Ödipus und sein Schicksal nach modernen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Kriterien. Die Misshandlungen, die das Kleinkind erlitt, bekommen dabei als
auslösender Faktor einen besonders Stellenwert. Der Name „Ödipus“, üblicherweise mit „Schwellfuß“ übersetzt, wird hinsichtlich seines etymologischen Ursprungs untersucht, sodass verschiedene
Schlüsse aus dem Namen gezogen werden können, auch die, dass es dem Heroen leicht gefallen sein muss, das Rätsel der Sphinx zu lösen, da es mit der Funktion der Füße eine orthopädische
Kernaussage hatte. Es können bei Ödipus mehrere Verletzungen und Störungen diagnostiziert und nach dem aktuellen ICD-Schlüssel klassifiziert werden, z. B. die Blindheit, nachdem er sich
selbst geblendet hatte. Zudem ergibt sich der Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung sowie einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, die sich einstellten,
nachdem Ödipus von seinen Eltern misshandelt wurde, um ihn zu töten. Damit wird auch die Frage nach seiner Schuld an den von ihm begangenen Taten neu hinterfragt. Die Geschichte des „Ödipus“
bestätigt die Lebenswirklichkeit griechischer Mythologie aufs Neue.
Ernährung und Bewegung – Das Konzept der Prähabilitation vor großen Tumoroperationen
Authors: Oberhoffner Christin , Fischer Martin , Wobith Maria , Weimann Arved
Published: August 2022

Einleitung Mit dem Ziel des Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) gewinnt bei Risikopatienten die präoperative Phase zur optimalen Konditionierung an Bedeutung, um damit auch das Risiko von postoperativen Komplikationen zu vermindern. Prähabilitation als multimodales Modell bestehend aus Ernährungstherapie, Kraft- und Ausdauertraining, sowie psychologischer Unterstützung soll es ermöglichen, dass Patienten selbstständig daran mitwirken können, bestmöglich für eine Operation vorbereitet zu sein und sich schneller von den eventuell auftretenden Nachwirkungen zu erholen. Ein optimierter Ernährungszustand und eine Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit bilden dabei die Basis, um ein individuell an den Patienten angepasstes Programm zu erstellen.

Methoden Das circa 6-wöchige Prähabilitationsprogramm für Patienten besteht aus Mobilitäts- und Kraftübungen, Hausbesuchen, einer Ernährungstherapie und psychologischer Unterstützung. Eingeschlossen werden Hoch-Risiko-Patienten vor großen abdominalchirurgischen Tumoroperationen, die mindestens 70 Jahre alt sind, einen ASA-Score von 3 oder 4 haben und bei denen die Indikationen für eine neoadjuvante Therapie besteht. Ausgewertet werden Ernährungsstatus, Tests zur funktionellen Belastbarkeit, dem kognitiven Zustand und ein Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität zu Beginn, mehrfach während des Programms und postoperativ.

Schlussfolgerung Durch die intensive und engmaschige Betreuung, sowie der Chance, dass Patienten selber etwas aktiv beisteuern können, besteht die Möglichkeit die besten Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, um Einfluss auf das Outcome der Operation zu erlangen. Eine Senkung der Komplikationsrate, eine Verkürzung der Krankenhausverweildauer und ein schnelleres Zurückerlangen der Mobilität stehen dabei im Vordergrund.
Subconjunctival Haemorrhage treated with Homoeopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Pal Partha Pratim
Published: August 2022

Scratches, abrasions, lacerations, bruising and haemorrhages are some of the most commonly seen injuries of the eye, which respond well to homoeopathic medication. The following case study is an evidence-based illustration of such response.
Detrimental effect of high-temperature storage on sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Yoon Kyungho , Kim Hwiho , Han Sangwook , Chan Ting-Shan , Ko Kun-Hee , Jo Sugeun , Park Jooha , Kim Sewon , Lee Sunyoung , Noh Joohyeon , Kim Wonju , Lim Jongwoo , Kang Kisuk
Published: August 2022

The all-solid-state battery (ASSB) has become one of the most promising next-generation battery systems, since the aspect of safety has emerged as a crucial criterion for new large-scale applications such as in electric vehicles. Despite the recent remarkable progress in the performance enhancement, the real-world implementation of the ASSB still requires full comprehension/evaluation of its properties and performance under various practical operational conditions. Unlike batteries employed in conventional electronic devices, those in electric vehicles—the major application that the ASSB is expected to be employed—would be exposed to wide temperature variations (−20 to ∼70 °C) at various states of charges due to their outdoor storage and irregular discharge/rest/charge conditions depending on vehicle drivers' usage patterns. Herein, we investigate the reliability of a Li6PS5Cl-based ASSB system in practically harsh but plausible storage conditions and reveal that it is vulnerable to elevated-temperature storage as low as 70 °C, which, in contrast to the common belief, causes significant degradation of the electrolyte and consequently irreversible buildup of the cell resistance. It is unraveled that this storage condition induces the decomposition of Li6PS5Cl in contact with the cathode material, involving the SOx gas evolution particularly at charged states, which creates a detrimental porous cathode/electrolyte interface, thereby leading to the large interfacial resistance. Our findings indicate that the stability of the solid electrolyte, which has been believed to be failsafe, needs to be carefully revisited at various practical operational conditions for actual applications in ASSBs.
Process evaluation of the Safer Prescribing and Care for the Elderly (SPACE) cluster randomised controlled trial in New Zealand general practice
Authors: Wallis Katharine Ann , Elley Carolyn Raina , Hikaka Joanna Frances , Moyes Simon A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction The Safer Prescribing and Care for the Elderly (SPACE) cluster randomised controlled trial in 39 general practices found that a search of the practice database to identify and generate for each general practitioner (GP) a list of patients with high-risk prescribing, pharmacist-delivered one-on-one feedback to GPs, and electronic tick-box for GPs to select action for each patient (Patient letter; No letter but possible medication review when patient next in; No action), prompted safer prescribing at 6 months but not at 1 year. Aim This process evaluation explores research participation, intervention uptake and effect on GPs. Methods Mixed methods were used including quantitative data (log of practice recruitment, demographic data, intervention delivery and GP responses including tick-box selections) and qualitative data (trial pharmacist reflective journal). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and general inductive analysis, respectively. Results Recruitment of general practices was challenging, with only 39% of eligible practices agreeing to participate. Those who declined were often ‘too busy’. Engagement was also challenging, especially in larger practices, with the trial pharmacist managing to meet with only 64% of GPs in the intervention group. The GPs who did engage were positive about the intervention, but elected to send letters to only 23% of patients with high-risk prescribing, either because the high-risk prescribing had already stopped, the GP did not agree the prescribing was ‘high-risk’ or the GP was concerned a letter would upset the patient. Conclusions Effectiveness of the SPACE cluster randomised controlled trial could be improved by changes including ensuring searches are current and relevant, repeating cycles of search and feedback, and integrating pharmacists into general practices.
Implications of telehealth services for healthcare delivery and access in rural and remote communities: perceptions of patients and general practitioners
Authors: Sutarsa I Nyoman , Kasim Rosny , Steward Ben , Bain-Donohue Suzanne , Slimings Claudia , Hall Dykgraaf Sally , Barnard Amanda
Published: August 2022

Background Accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Australia has shifted towards greater use of telehealth to deliver care for rural and remote communities. This policy direction might risk a shift away from the traditional model of informed person-centred care built around care relationships to a technology-mediated health transaction. Potential opportunity costs of widespread telehealth services on the quality of care for rural and remote communities remain understudied. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in three local health districts of rural New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. A total of 13 participants was interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Patient participants perceived telehealth as an alternative when specialist care was limited or absent. Both patients and clinicians perceived that the deeper caring relationship, enabled through face-to-face interactions, could not be achieved through telehealth services alone, and that telehealth services are often superficial and fragmented in nature. Patients in this study contended that virtual consultations can be distant and lacking in personal touch, and risk losing sight of social circumstances related to patients’ health, thereby affecting the trust placed in healthcare systems. Conclusions Simply replacing face-to-face interactions with telehealth services has the potential to reduce trust, continuity of care, and effectiveness of rural health services. Telehealth must be used to assist local clinicians in providing the best possible care to rural and remote patients within an integrated service delivery model across diverse rural contexts in Australia.
Fermionic wave functions from neural-network constrained hidden states
Authors: Robledo Moreno Javier , Carleo Giuseppe , Georges Antoine , Stokes James
Published: August 2022

We introduce a systematically improvable family of variational wave functions for the simulation of strongly correlated fermionic systems. This family consists of Slater determinants in an augmented Hilbert space involving “hidden” additional fermionic degrees of freedom. These determinants are projected onto the physical Hilbert space through a constraint that is optimized, together with the single-particle orbitals, using a neural network parameterization. This construction draws inspiration from the success of hidden-particle representations but overcomes the limitations associated with the mean-field treatment of the constraint often used in this context. Our construction provides an extremely expressive family of wave functions, which is proved to be universal. We apply this construction to the ground-state properties of the Hubbard model on the square lattice, achieving levels of accuracy that are competitive with those of state-of-the-art variational methods.
Discrete symmetries control geometric mechanics in parallelogram-based origami
Authors: McInerney James , Paulino Glaucio H. , Rocklin D. Zeb
Published: August 2022

Geometric compatibility constraints dictate the mechanical response of soft systems that can be utilized for the design of mechanical metamaterials such as the negative Poisson’s ratio Miura-ori origami crease pattern. Here, we develop a formalism for linear compatibility that enables explicit investigation of the interplay between geometric symmetries and functionality in origami crease patterns. We apply this formalism to a particular class of periodic crease patterns with unit cells composed of four arbitrary parallelogram faces and establish that their mechanical response is characterized by an anticommuting symmetry. In particular, we show that the modes are eigenstates of this symmetry operator and that these modes are simultaneously diagonalizable with the symmetric strain operator and the antisymmetric curvature operator. This feature reveals that the anticommuting symmetry defines an equivalence class of crease pattern geometries that possess equal and opposite in-plane and out-of-plane Poisson’s ratios. Finally, we show that such Poisson’s ratios generically change sign as the crease pattern rigidly folds between degenerate ground states and we determine subfamilies that possess strictly negative in-plane or out-of-plane Poisson’s ratios throughout all configurations.
Molecular mechanism for strengthening E-cadherin adhesion using a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Xie Bin , Maker Allison , Priest Andrew V. , Dranow David M. , Phan Jenny N. , Edwards Thomas E. , Staker Bart L. , Myler Peter J. , Gumbiner Barry M. , Sivasankar Sanjeevi
Published: August 2022

E-cadherin (Ecad) is an essential cell–cell adhesion protein with tumor suppression properties. The adhesive state of Ecad can be modified by the monoclonal antibody 19A11, which has potential applications in reducing cancer metastasis. Using X-ray crystallography, we determine the structure of 19A11 Fab bound to Ecad and show that the antibody binds to the first extracellular domain of Ecad near its primary adhesive motif: the strand–swap dimer interface. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-molecule atomic force microscopy demonstrate that 19A11 interacts with Ecad in two distinct modes: one that strengthens the strand–swap dimer and one that does not alter adhesion. We show that adhesion is strengthened by the formation of a salt bridge between 19A11 and Ecad, which in turn stabilizes the swapped β-strand and its complementary binding pocket. Our results identify mechanistic principles for engineering antibodies to enhance Ecad adhesion.
Observation of two-step melting on a sphere
Authors: Singh Navneet , Sood A. K. , Ganapathy Rajesh
Published: August 2022

Melting in two-dimensional flat space is typically two-step and via the hexatic phase. How melting proceeds on a curved surface, however, is not known. Topology mandates that crystalline particle assemblies on these surfaces harbor a finite density of defects, which itself can be ordered, like the icosahedral ordering of 5-coordinated disclination defects on a sphere. Thus, melting even on a sphere, the simplest closed surface, involves the loss of both crystalline and defect order. Probing the interplay of these two forms of order, however, requires a system in which melting can be performed in situ, and this has not been achieved hitherto. Here, by tuning interparticle interactions in situ, we report an observation of an intermediate hexatic phase during the melting of colloidal crystals on a sphere. Remarkably, we observed a precipitous drop in icosahedral defect order in the hexatic phase where the shear modulus is expected to vanish. Furthermore, unlike in flat space, where disorder can fundamentally alter the nature of the melting process, on the sphere, we observed the signature characteristics of ideal melting. Our findings have profound implications for understanding, for instance, the self-assembly and maturation dynamics of viral capsids and also phase transitions on curved surfaces.
Development of alimentary tract organs for ICRP pediatric mesh-type reference computational phantoms
Authors: Choi Chansoo , Shin Bangho , Yeom Yeon Soo , Nguyen Thang Tat , Han Haegin , Kim Suhyeon , Son Gahee , Moon Sungho , Kim Hyeonil , Kim Chan Hyeong , Bolch Wesley E , Jokisch Derek W , Lee Choonsik , Chung Beom Sun
Published: August 2022

In line with the activities of Task Group 103 under the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the present study was conducted to develop a new set of alimentary tract organs consisting of the oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon for the newborn, 1 year-old, 5 year-old, 10 year-old, and 15 year-old males and females for use in the pediatric mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs). The developed alimentary tract organs of the pediatric MRCPs, while nearly preserving the original topology and shape of those of the pediatric voxel-type reference computational phantoms (VRCPs) of ICRPPublication 143, present considerable anatomical improvement and include all micrometre-scale target and source regions as prescribed in ICRPPublication 100. To investigate the dosimetric impact of the developed alimentary tract organs, organ doses and specific absorbed fractions were computed for certain external exposures to photons and electrons and internal exposures to electrons, respectively, which were then compared with the values computed using the current ICRP models (i.e. pediatric VRCPs and ICRP-100 stylised models). The results showed that for external exposures to penetrating radiations (i.e. photons >0.04 MeV), there was generally good agreement between the compared values, within a 10% difference, except for the oral mucosa. For external exposures to weakly penetrating radiations (i.e. low-energy photons and electrons), there were significant differences, up to a factor of ∼8300, owing to the geometric difference caused by the anatomical enhancement in the MRCPs. For internal exposures of electrons, there were significant differences, the maximum of which reached a factor of ∼73 000. This was attributed not only to the geometric difference but also to the target mass difference caused by the different luminal content mass and organ shape.
A sulfur defective Mn-doped Ni3S2–x
nanosheet for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Lifoka Martine Otay , Niu Weixing , Liu Guihua , Wu Changcheng , Li Jingde
Published: August 2022

Non-precious and stable electrocatalysts towards both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER/HER) are essential for effective overall water splitting in alkaline solution. In this study, a sulfur defective and manganese-doped nickel sulfide nanosheet that uniformly grown on nickel foam substrate (Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF) is synthesized. In alkaline solution, the Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF showed a low overpotential of 76 and 110 mV for OER and HER at 10 mA cm−2, respectively, together exhibiting excellent stability for both OER and HER reaction. It was confirmed by the experimental results that sulfur defects and Mn-doping synergistically optimized the electronic structure of Mn–Ni3S2–x
with increased electrical conductivity and enhanced OER/HER activity. Moreover, amorphous nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) was observed by in situ Raman during the OER condition, suggesting NiOOH is the active phase for OER reaction. Furthermore, the electrolyzer assembled by Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF merely needs 1.46 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 and shows good stability as well. This study provides a feasible way to prepare high-efficiency bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting.
Metallic spherical heterotrimer systems for plasmonic-based improvement in hyper-Raman scattering
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed
Published: August 2022

A unique combination between structural parameters of collinearly arranged spherical particles is proposed as an effective plasmonic substrate for ultrahigh enhancement in hyper-Raman scattering signals. The suggested spherical trimer systems are mainly composed from two identical nanoparticle separated by a third alike shape resonator of different size. All the interacting plasmonic element are made from gold, arranged in 1D array and illuminated by a longitudinally polarized light. The optical properties, spatial distribution of nearfields and the surface charge densities were calculated numerically by FDTD tool. The enhancement factor of the hyper-Raman scattering, and the associated Raman shift were calculated theoretically from the optical response of the trimer. The extinction spectra of the heterotrimers demonstrate the excitation of two plasmonic modes, the first coupled band excited at a longer wavelength and is attributed to the in-phase coupling between the dipole moments induced in each of the three spherical resonators, the other hybrid mode observed in the shorter wavelength region and is resulted from the coupling between the dark mode excited in the intermediate particle and the bright band monitored in the bordered particles. The nearfields associated with the excitation of the two plasmonic modes are strongly localized and highly enhanced at the same intercoupling regions (hot spots) which optically match the excitation wavelength and the second-order stock condition. Through careful selecting of the relative size of the coupled nanoparticles and their coupling separation, the enhancement factor of hyper-Raman scattering signal can reach as high as 1 × 1013.
Foundations of magnetized radio-frequency discharges
Authors: Tsankov Tsanko V , Chabert Pascal , Czarnetzki Uwe
Published: August 2022

This is the second part of a set of two papers on radio-frequency (RF) discharges, part of a larger series on the foundations of plasma and discharge physics. In the first paper (Chabert et al 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
30 024001) the two basic configurations of RF discharges commonly used in industrial applications, the capacitive and the inductive discharges, are presented. The introduction of an external magnetic field to these discharges results in not only a quantitative enhancement of their capabilities but also leads to qualitatively different interaction mechanisms between the RF field and the plasma. This provides rich opportunities for sustaining dense plasmas with high degrees of ionization. On one hand, the magnetic field influences significantly the particle and energy transport, thus providing new possibilities for control and adjustment of the plasma parameters and opening even lower operation pressure windows. On the other hand, when the magnetic field is introduced also in the region where the plasma interacts with the RF field, qualitatively new phenomena arise, that fundamentally change the mechanisms of power coupling to the plasma—the electromagnetic energy can be transported as waves deeper into the plasma volume and/or collisionlessly absorbed there by wave resonances. The characteristics of these discharges are then substantially different from the ones of the standard non-magnetized RF discharges. This paper introduces the physical phenomena needed for understanding these plasmas, as well as presents the discharge configurations most commonly used in applications and research. Firstly, the transport of particles and energy as well as the theory of waves in magnetized plasmas are briefly presented together with some applications for diagnostic purposes. Based on that the leading principles of RF heating in a magnetic field are introduced. The operation and the applications of various discharges using these principles (RF magnetron, helicon, electron cyclotron resonance and neutral loop discharges) are presented. The influence of a static magnetic field on standard capacitive and inductive discharges is also briefly presented and discussed.
Polarization and frequency-controlled amplification in a nonequilibrium plasma in the presence of an external magnetic field
Authors: Bogatskaya A V , Volkova E A , Popov A M
Published: August 2022

The method of controlling the spectral and polarization characteristics of a terahertz (THz) pulse during its amplification in nonequilibrium magnetized plasma is investigated. The physical mechanism involves the well-known cyclotron resonance, which has been demonstrated to strongly influence the features of nonequilibrium plasma — in particular, its amplifying and focusing ability. According to the suggested model, a static magnetic field is applied along the propagation direction of a femtosecond UV laser, which creates a nonequilibrium plasma channel. The seed linearly polarized THz pulse propagates in the channel after the ionizing UV pulse. The conducted numerical simulations are based on the self-consistent solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation and second-order wave equation for THz pulse propagation. It is shown that by varying the magnetic field strength one can control the pulse carrier frequency as well as change the polarization to a circular one. For long THz pulses, the presence of a magnetic field provides the possibility to detune the ellipticity degree at the output of the plasma channel.
Hydrodynamic behaviors of settled magnetorheological fluid redispersion under active dispersing mechanism: simulation and experiment
Authors: Zou Zhiyuan , Zhang Honghui , Liao Changrong , Wang Ning , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: August 2022

Despite several salient benefits of numerous control systems utilizing magnetorheological (MR) fluid, practical realization of commercial products is limited due to the particles sedimentation. To overcome this problem, several measures have been proposed to optimize MR fluid settling through the viewpoints of dispersing medium viscosity, suspension force of dispersed phase and additives innovation, but the settling of MR fluid can be alleviated to an extent only. An active dispersing mechanism (ADM) proposed in the previous work is one of attractive ways to resolve the sedimentation problem in a level of device and it is promising to fulfill good serviceability for MR dampers even if the settling remains. In this work, attributive to the investigations in stirring devices, rotary blades are employed to fulfill the redispersing of settled MR fluid under the theory of solid–liquid two phase flow. The parameters and working conditions of the rotary blades are optimized to guide experimental verification in a damper-sized vessel. The vessel can be seen as a prototype for real MR damper. An immersed induction method for the characterization of the localized MR fluid concentration is proposed to designate the dispersing process when ADM is started. With the experiments of different MR fluid volume fractions and rotating speeds of the rotary blades, it is fully testified that the faster the blades rotate, the shorter the mixing time, and the more the inclination angle of blades close to 45°, the better the dispersion capability. In addition, it is also identified that the ADM is effective to disperse the settled MR fluid and promising to the sedimentation immunity of MR damper.
Dual-wavelength active and tunable modulation at telecommunication wavelengths using graphene-metal hybrid metamaterial based on plasmon induced transparency
Authors: Mashayekhi M Z , Abbasian K , Nurmohammadi T
Published: August 2022

Classic optical systems with a similar response to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) have received considerable attention. Plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) response is usually achieved by near-field coupling between resonators’ bright and dark modes. Most PIT structures are based on metamaterials and have a constant near-infrared spectral response; manipulating the PIT spectral response without changing the geometric structure and modifying the substrate or electrical biasing is impossible. A graphene-metal metamaterial structure is proposed to create an active tunable near-IR transparency window. In the proposed two-layer structure, the metal bars act as bright resonators in the upper layer. In the lower layer, the metal nanoribbons act as dark resonators and two sets of bilayer graphene are placed separately below the bright resonators and above the dark resonators. At first, the optimal induced transparency window is obtained by modifying the metal metamaterial’s geometrical parameters. Then, the properties of the generated induced window can be modified by varying the Fermi energies of the used graphene sheets in the hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial. The Fermi energies of the graphene sheets are adjusted by applying a voltage that causes the PIT phenomenon to be actively tunable. The proposed structure can be used as an active modulator in o and c communication bands. The designed modulator allows for 85% and 90% amplitude modulation depths (MD) at about 1307 nm and 1554 nm wavelengths.
Asymmetric diffraction grating via optical vortex light in a tunneling quantum dot molecule
Authors: Liu Yijia , Xiang Yuan , Abdulsalam Mohammed Abdulrazak
Published: August 2022

In this letter, we have put out a fresh idea for managing the diffraction sample of optical vortex light that was transmitted from a four-level quantum dot molecule. We describe the creation of a new weak laser field via inter-dot tunneling, which causes the diffraction grating to be dependent on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the optical vortex light. We found that the relative phase between the implemented lights and the OAM number of the vortex light affect the intensity distribution of the asymmetric grating. Additionally, we discovered that the maximum amount of probe energy could be dispersed in higher orders of diffracted angles that were negative and positive by modifying the inter-dot tunneling and OAM number.
A sex-dependent computer-aided diagnosis system for autism spectrum disorder using connectivity of resting-state fMRI
Authors: Haghighat Hossein , Mirzarezaee Mitra , Araabi Babak Nadjar , Khadem Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with the main symptoms of social communication disabilities. ASD is more than four times more common among males than females. The diagnosis of ASD is currently a subjective process by experts the same for males and females. Various studies have suggested the use of brain connectivity features for the diagnosis of ASD. Also, sex-related biological factors have been shown to play a role in ASD etiology and influence the brain connectivity. Therefore, proposing an accurate computer-aided diagnosis system (CADS) for ASD which considers the sex of subjects seems necessary. In this study, we present a sex-dependent connectivity-based CADS for ASD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The proposed CADS classifies ASD males from normal males, and ASD females from normal females. Approach. After data preprocessing, group independent component analysis (GICA) was applied to obtain the resting-state networks (RSNs) followed by applying dual-regression to obtain the time course of each RSN for each subject. Afterwards, functional connectivity measures of full correlation and partial correlation and the effective connectivity measure of bivariate Granger causality were computed between time series of RSNs. To consider the role of sex differences in the classification process, male, female, and mixed groups were taken into account, and feature selection and classification were designed for each sex group separately. At the end, the classification accuracy was computed for each sex group. Main results. In the female group, a classification accuracy of 93.3% was obtained using full correlation while in the male group, a classification accuracy of 86.7% was achieved using both full correlation and bivariate Granger causality. Also, in the mixed group, a classification accuracy of 83.3% was obtained using full correlation. Significance. This supports the importance of considering sex in diagnosing ASD patients from normal controls.
Mitigation of long-lived modes by lower hybrid wave on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Shi P.W. , Zhu X.L. , Liang A.S. , Chen W. , Shi Z.B. , Wang T.B. , Yang Z.C. , Yu L.M. , Jiang M. , He X.X. , Bai X.Y. , Ji X.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. , Wang Z.X. , Duan X.R.
Published: August 2022

Mitigation of long-lived mode (LLM) by lower hybrid wave (LHW) is recently achieved on the HL-2A tokamak. The LLM changes from a typical steady-state to a fishbone-like frequency-chirping characteristic, and its higher poloidal harmonics disappear when LHW is injected into toroidal plasma. It is found that density fluctuation declines during this process while the total neutron count increases gradually. Those evidences indicate there is a mitigation effect of LHW on LLM, and the underlying mechanism can be explained as follows. On one hand, high power LHW firstly causes a drop in toroidal rotation and then results in decline of E × B shear, which is unfavorable for the maintenance of the internal transport barrier. The resulting relaxation of ion temperature gradient enhances thermal transport and leads to a drop of ion temperature at the core region. Thus, the plasma pressure becomes flattened and finally contributes to the mitigation of highly saturated internal mode. On the other hand, hybrid simulation by M3D-K suggests that the off-axis LHW can also reduce the grower rate of LLM via changing safety factor and magnetic shear.
Influence of some agro-technical measures on the yield of wheat of local variety “Istiklol 25” native to Uzbekistan
Authors: Khodjayeva N , Urazbaev I , Sayidkhonov T , Ruzikulova Z
Published: August 2022

The yield of winter wheat depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, soil climatic conditions, water, light, feeding regime and applied agro measures. In the cultivation of winter wheat, the external environmental factor or agrotechnology used has a strong impact on yield or grain quality. High and quality grain can be grown when cultivation technology is adapted to the biological characteristics of the varieties. The cultivation technology used is required to optimally meet the demand for its vital factors in the stages of winter wheat orinogenesis. We presented the results of scientific research conducted in Samarkand region on the establishment of primary sowing of intensive varieties of durum wheat “Istiqlol 25” and the development of agro-technical methods to improve the quality of Istiqlol 25. In the variant where 4.5 million germinated seeds were used, the positive result was shown when the fertilizer norms were NPK 180:135:90.
Methods for comparing and improving the quality of local storage of grapes in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sh Azizov A , Toshmatov B A
Published: August 2022

In this article, several methods of storing the harvest of the grape varieties in a natural way, including storage, vine method, storage in water-filled containers (by the method of legumes) were studied. During the experiments, discrepancy between their quality indicators, advantages and disadvantages of these methods, storage periods and conditions, as well as the amount of dry matter, the amount of nitrate, the pH environment were researched and analyzed. The pertinent results showed that the sugar content of grapes was the lowest according to the characteristics of varieties in the vine method, accounted for 16.3% and the highest in the storage method, which was 21.17 %, the amount of nitrate was not more than 60 mg/kg in the norm, which was also allowed in all methods. Noteworthy, the most acceptable method among them was the bottle method, however, the method needed to be improved in the future.
Storage of apples in different methods in the valley region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sharipov S Y , Sh Azizov A , Vakkasov Z K
Published: August 2022

Apple, which is rich in various vitamins and trace elements, plays important role is in daily diet of mankind. Noteworthy, daily consumption of apple helps people to get rid of anemia, which stated in the famous the Laws of Medicine by Avitsenna. The objective of the research is to study and analyze current state of cultivation of apples around the world as well as the country, the types and importance of nutrients, and efficiency of different storage options. During the experiments, Renet Simirenko, Golden delishes and Boyken varieties, which are local varieties for this province, have been studied in refrigerated, ordinary natural warehouses, as well as in simple natural warehouses with ventilation technology. According to the results, the main identified factors influencing the quality of apples during storage, were the temperature of the synthesis of ethylene hormone storage chamber, relative humidity, improved ventilation rate, the dependence of its design parameters on the design of a simple natural warehouse and products stored in refrigerated and ordinary natural warehouses.
Organic contents of residues and nutrients in the short-row crop rotation systems in typical agricultural lands of Uzbekistan
Authors: Iminov A , Kuziboev SH , Matchonov O , Atabaev M
Published: August 2022

The presence of 0.411% nitrogen, 0.152% phosphorus, 0.209% potassium in the root part of winter wheat, also the presence of 0.207% nitrogen, 0.116% phosphorus, 0.137% potassium element in the stubble part, 1.21% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 0.5% potassium the root part of legumes, 0.39% nitrogen, 0.2% phosphorus, 0.71% potassium the stubble part, 1.25% nitrogen, 0.88% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the root part of the bean, 0.86% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the stubble part, 1.38% nitrogen, 0.90% phosphorus, 1.0% potassium the root part of the mung bean, 1.22% nitrogen, 0.29 phosphorus, 1.3% potassium in the stubble part and 0.90% nitrogen, 0.33% phosphorus, 0.99% potassium in the root part of mixed siderite (perco + oats + green peas), 0.61% nitrogen, 0.22% phosphorus and 0.68% potassium the stubble part were found in this research. If the total remnant of stubble and root was 2.74 tons/ha when the norm of mineral fertilizers was N180P125K90 kg/ha in winter wheat, in the case of soybean cultivation as a secondary crop, the norm of mineral fertilizers in winter wheat was N180P125K90 kg/ha+15 tons/ha in the soybean with the use of organic-mineral compost was 2.96 tons/ha, which is 0.22 tons/ha higher than in the background with only mineral fertilizers were observed that 31.1–44.9 kg/ha of total nitrogen remained after soybean per 1 ha. It was found that the norms of mineral fertilizers used in the treatment and care of nitragin before sowing the seeds of mung bean and soybeans grown as a secondary crop after winter wheat affected the amount of root and root residues that left the plants in the soil, 0.73-0.93 tons/ha of roots in the soil, 1.30-1.49 tons/ha of sorghum and 0.81-1.04 tons/ha of roots and 1.70% of soybeans grown as secondary crops, 1.92 tons/ha of ore residues were found to remain.
Assessment of hydromineral resources of the southern part of the Pre-Ural Foredeep on the example of spring waters for household use and balneotherapy
Authors: Myazina N G
Published: August 2022

The results of the research devoted to the geochemistry of natural sources of springs on the territory of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin are relevant, since the springs are understudied and are not classified according to their chemical composition and purpose. The southern area of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin with salt-gypsum tectonics was studied. There are many springs with various chemical compositions there. The prevailing salinity level of spring waters varies from 197 to 941 mg/l, with total hardness of 1.33-5.5 mg-eq/l, and with good quality drinking water. The goal was achieved. The hydrogeological conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the source waters were studied. Analogues of mineral waters of the group without “specific” components and properties of the Krainsky and Varninsky types with the salinity level from 1.2-3.36 g/dm3 are found by comparative analysis: sulfate, bicarbonate-sulfate, sulfate-bicarbonate calcium, magnesium-calcium waters. Springs with high salinity sodium chloride leaching waters with 124 g/dm3 for balneotherapy are associated with salt dome structures. A certificate on the exact possible therapeutic properties of spring mineral waters can be issued by the Institutes of Health Research Study after research.
Development of methods for minimizing energy losses in electrical networks
Authors: Chernykh A G , Barykina Y N , Morozevich O A
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes losses in terms of the volume and supply of energy in electric networks using the final report of Rosseti Siberia for 2020. The causes of a decrease in the volume of energy supply and energy losses are analyzed. Methods for reducing energy losses in electrical networks are suggested. They can be used to minimize energy losses and improve the energy efficiency. Functions of the electrical networks are specified to perform more accurate operational calculations and analyze technical losses and their structure.
Experimental research of the process of methane pyrolysis in a layer of liquid tin aiming to get hydrogen
Authors: Dolgikh V D , Pashin A V , Mikheeva G V , Golovanova T N , Kudinov I V
Published: August 2022

One of the perspective methods to get the hydrogen with zero CO/CO2 emissions is the thermal decomposition of methane. In the present work, the research was focused on the pyrolysis of methane in a layer of liquid tin. During the experiments, a 30% conversion of methane was obtained for a reactor with a height of 0.1 m. During the thermal decomposition of methane, solid carbon particles appear in the form of soot. These particles must be removed mechanically to avoid clogging the reactor.
Analysis of the Metrological Characteristics of Current Transformers Based on the Results of Periodic Verification
Authors: Vikhareva N A , Krylov V S , Simonova G V
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the results of verification of measuring current transformers of various types. Based on the results of the analysis, the dependences of the metrological characteristics of measuring current transformers on their type were revealed. A conclusion is made about the applicability of the identified dependencies for assessing the quality level or predicting metrological failures.
Experimental study of the temperature regime of the solar pond in the climatic conditions of the south of Uzbekistan
Authors: Uzakov G N , Elmurodov N S , Davlonov X A
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the experimental study of the temperature regimes of the solar pond in the southern climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. The research was conducted in an experimental version of a solar pond that accumulates low-potential heat. According to research, when taking heat from a salt solar pond, without a coating on its upper surface and comparing the results of a glass-covered experiment is 10-15% higher than that of a glass-covered experiment, when the ambient temperature is 34 °C and solar radiation is 973 W/m2 it is scientifically based that the temperature of saline solar pond water with a concentration of 25-30% rises to a temperature of 53 °C in the lower part of the pond and that the energy storage efficiency of the lower convective zone of the solar pond increases in parallel with increasing solar radiation
Influence of Abaca Fiber on the Performance of Abaca-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Paglicawan Marissa A , Emolaga Carlo S , Sudayon Johanna Marie B. , Custodio Cyron L
Published: August 2022

Woven abaca fiber also known as “Sinamay” was usually used in textile and handcraft industries. In this paper, the use of woven abaca fiber was utilized as a potential component in a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material. It also aims to study the effects of increasing abaca fiber layer on the mechanical and water absorption properties of the composite. The composite laminates having 1, 3, 5, and 7 layers of woven abaca stacked in between of glass fiber mats: plain-woven fabric and chopped strand and polyester resin as binder were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. These abaca-glass fiber reinforced polyester composite specimens were characterized using tensile test, flexural test, izod impact test, and water absorption test. Upon introducing and increasing the amount of abaca layers in the composite, the results showed that its properties were significantly changed. The mechanical strength was decreased while water absorbed was increased as the amount of abaca layer increases.