bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Padrenuestro como obra de arte y belleza
Authors: Montes Peral Luis Ángel
Published: June 2021

El Padrenuestro constituye el resumen perfecto de la vida cristiana y puede considerarse como su mejor oración. Sorprende la facilidad con que ha sido aprendido y rezado por todas las generaciones creyentes, debido a los valores intrínsecos existentes en su sencillo pero hondo contenido. Hasta ahora nunca ha sido presentado, de manera sistemática, el hecho de que contiene un gran atractivo y puede considerarse como una hermosa obra de arte, a pesar de su brevedad.Viene de la boca del mayor de los orantes y de un inspiradísimo poeta, no cabe duda que el puesto de Jesús de Nazaret está entre los poetas. Mi intención consiste en valorar el Padrenuestro desde dos sobresalientes aspectos: arte y belleza, dejando a un lado las dimensiones teológicas, cristológicas y antropológicas, que ya han sido suficientemente estudiadas a lo largo de la historia de la teología cristiana. De esta manera podemos abordar todavía mejor no solo la calidad sino también la dimensión artística inherente a un texto, que para los cristianos está entre lo más sagrado de su legado espiritual.
Rejoinder to George Lyons
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: June 2021

The author explains that his previous philosophical arguments for compatibilism (“the logical harmony of determinism and volition,” which he explicates as value-determinism-plus-conditional-free-will) provide a robust basis for ethical and legal responsibility. He defends entity causation, arguing that no coherent model of the universe, including human action, can be formulated that rejects entities as the nexus of identity and causality. Finally, he contends, ontological compatibilism (of determinism and free will) and ethical compatibilism (of determinism and personal responsibility) are both best supported by a more fundamental methodological compatibilism of philosophical and scientific approaches to seeking truth.
Histological and body weight effects of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves extracts in rats
Authors: Ali A. Eltayeib  , Siddige A. N. T. Matter
Published: June 2021

The study aim to determine the chemical compounds in aqueous and methanolic extracts of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves and to evaluate their toxic effects on experimental rats. Seeds and leaves were collected from El-Obied, North Kordofan State, Sudan, in October, 2016. The aqueous and methanol extracts were carried out by using maceration method and soxhlet apparatus respectively. Sixty five male Albino Wistar rats, three months old and with an average body weight ranged 110-120 g, were randomly divided into thirteen Groups, consisting of five rats in each Group. Group 1 served as control and fed with normal rats’ food and water for thirty days. Groups 2, 6 and 10 administered aqueous seeds extract, Groups 4, 8 and 12 received methanol seeds extract, Groups 3, 7 and 11 received aqueous leaves extracts, Groups 5, 9 and 13 received methanol leaves extract, all the Groups received the same type of extract were administered 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extracts administered to the rats intra gastrically using cathodal tube daily for thirty days. The effects of oral administration of leaves and seeds extracts to 60 healthy rats over 30 days were evaluated by histological studies and body weight changes. The analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of aqueous and methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids (Scopolamine, atropine and Hyoscyamine), fatty acids, esters, amides, amino acids, ketones, coummarins, terpinoids, phenols, alcohols and hydrocarbons compounds. The histological results showed that administration of extracts caused pathologic changes in the organs studied. The treated Groups had lower (p ≤ 0.05) body weight gains than control Group. The study concluded that the toxicity of seeds and leaves (methanolic and aqueous) extracts are nearly have the same toxic effects on rats due to their same active ingredients (alkaloids) and the oral administration of the extracts was found to be safe up to 40 mg/kg.
Validasi Metode Analisis Formaldehid Pada Tisu Basah
Authors: Wahyuniati Dwi , Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Suryandari Mercyska
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKTisu basah merupakan istilah umum untuk menggambarkan sepotong bahan, umumnya ditambahkan dengan komposisi cairan atau semi cair, dimaksudkan untuk membersihkan dan memberikan rasa lembut. Tisu basah memiliki struktur berserat terdiri dari campuran serat selulosa pulp dan regenerasi, seperti rayon dan atau liosel, dengan atau tanpa serat pengikat. Pada proses produksi, komponen-komponen yang sengaja ditambahkan pada pembuatan tisu basah salah satunya adalah formaldehid sebagai penguat keadaan basah. Akan tetapi penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan ruam pada kulit (dermatitis). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan validasi metode analisis formaldehid pada tisu basah dengan menggunakan metode absorpsi uap SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dengan pereaksi nash menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tisu basah dari satu merek. Validasi metode dilakukan untuk memastikan metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat diterapkan, diperoleh hasil valid, dengan nilai R = 0,9993, yang mendekati nilai 1, menghasilkan persamaan regresi linier y = 0,0294x - 0,0317. Pengujian akurasi diperoleh rata-rata persen recovery sebesar 84,54%, 102,05%, dan 106,13%. Nilai RSD sebesar 1,62%. Hasil nilai LOD sebesar 0,040, sedangkan hasil nilai LOQ sebesar 0,136. Hasil validasi terhadap metode SNI ISO 14184 – 2 : 2015 dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat digunakan untuk menguji formaldehid pada tisu basah. Kata kunci: Validasi, Tisu basah, Formaldehid, Pereaksi Nash, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.ABSTRACT Wet wipes are the general terms to describe a piece of material, generally impregnated with a liquid or semi liquid composition, intended to both cleaning and providing a smooth feeling. Wet wipes has fibrous structures consist of a mixture of pulp and regenerated cellulose fibers, such as rayon and/or lyocell, with or without binding fibers. In product process, one of components expressly added was formaldehyde as strengthener as wet condition. But, excessive use of formaldehyde can cause skin rash (dermatitis). This study was aimed to Analysis Method Validation of Formaldehyde of Wet Wipes used vapour absorption SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method with Nash Reagents by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, and used vapour absorption method. The wet wipes sample used was from one brand. Method validation was conducted to definite SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied, the result was valid, r value is 0,9993, the linear regression y = 0,0294x – 0,0317, accuracy percent recovery study showed 84,54%, 102,05%, and 106,13%., Related standar deviation showed 1,62%, limit of detection was 0,040, limit of quantitation was 0,136. The validation result of SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be concluded that SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied to examine formaldehid on wet wipes.Keywords: Wet wipes, Formaldehyde, Validation, Nash Reagent, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.
Anealisis Uji Pendahuluan Aktivitas Antikanker Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan Metode BSLT
Authors: Ulfa Ninik Mas , Kusumo Galuh Gondo , Zulfa Ilil Maidatuz
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKTumbuhan pepaya (carica papaya L) merupakan tumbuhan tropis yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini mempunyai banyak manfaatnya mulai dari buah, biji, hingga daunnya. Penelitian pendahuluan menyebutkan buah pepaya mengandung alkaloid dan flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antikanker. Senyawa BenzylIsothiocyanat diketahui banyak terdapat pada biji dan buah pepaya yang sudah matang. Kandungan BenzylIsothiocyanat mempunyai khasiat sebagai antikanker. Pemanfaatan limbah biji pepaya pada penelitian ini untuk membuktikan aktivitas Benzyl-Isothiacyanat yang berkhasiat sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antikanker dari Ekstrak kental biji pepaya dengan menggunakan metode BSLT. Konsentrasi ekstrak kentak yang digunakan yaitu 100 ppm, 200 ppm dan 300 ppm masing-masing diujikan pada 10 larva udang dalam air laut. Diperoleh hasil rata-rata kematian pada konsentrasi 100 ppm adalah 4,3, 200 ppm adalah 5,3 dan 300 ppm adalah 6,7. Hasil regresi linearitas menunjukkan aktivitas antikaker pada uji BSLT dari Ekstrak kental biji pepaya dengan LC50 sebesar 163,89 ppm. Dengan demikian ekstrak kental biji pepaya tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan antikanker alamiKata kunci: Aktivitas antikanker, Carica papaya, metode BSLT.ABSTRACTPapaya plant (carica papaya L) is a tropical plant that is widely found in Indonesian. This plant has many benefits ranging from fruit, seeds, to leaves. Preliminary research says papaya fruit contains alkaloids andflavonoids which are efficacious as anticancer. Benzyl-Isothiocyanat compounds are known to be widely found in ripe papaya seeds and fruit. The content of Benzyl-Isothiocyanat has properties as an anticancer. The use of papaya seed waste in this study is to prove the activity of Benzyl-Isothiacyanat which is efficacious as an anticancer. This research is a preliminary study to analyze the anticancer activity of thick papaya seeds using the BSLT method. The concentrations of used fart extracts were 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm each tested on 10 shrimp larvae in seawater. The results of the average mortality at concentrations of 100 ppm were 4.3, 200 ppm were 5.3 and 300 ppm was 6.7. The linearity regression results showed the anticaker activity in the BSLT test from the thick extract of papaya seeds with LC50 of 163.89 ppm. Thus the thick extract of papaya seeds has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer material.Key Words : Anticancer activity, BSLT method, Carica papaya.
Determinasi dan Analisa Proksimat Daun Benalu pada Pohon Mangga Arum Manis di Ketintang Madya Surabaya
Authors: Permatasari Silfiana Nisa , . Umarudin
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKTumbuhan benalu merupakan tumbuhan tingkat tinggi yang tergolong sebagai parasit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk determinasi dan analisa proksimat pada daun benalu pada pohon mangga arumanis di ketintang Madya Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara true experimental. Penelitian ini meliputi determinasi tumbuhan benalu di LIPI Purwodadi dan analisa proksimat meliputi analisa kadar abu (Gravimetri), kadar air (Thermovolumetri), dan kadar karbohidrat total (Iodimetri). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil determinasi adalah tanaman Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq dan Macrosolen tetragonus BI. Hasil analisa proksimat daun benalu Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq diperoleh hasil rata-rata yaitu kadar abu 14,22%; kadar air 7,50%; kadar karbohidrat total 16,20%.Kata kunci: Determinasi, Analisa Proksimat, Benalu Mangga arum manis.ABSTRACTParasite plants are high-level plants classified as parasites. This research aims at determination and proximate analysis of parasite leaves on arum manis mango tree at Ketintang Madya No. 81, Surabaya. This study is true experimental research. It involves the determination of parasitic plants at LIPI Purwodadi and proximate analysis including analysis of ash content (Gravimetry), water content (Thermovolumetry), and total carbohydrate levels (Iodimetry). The result of determination is Macrosolen tetragonus (BI.) Miq and Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Meanwhile, the result of proximate analysis is Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Also, the average yield was 14.22% ash content; 7.50% moisture content; 16.20% total carbohydrate levels.Keywords: Determination; Proximate analysis; Parasite plants
Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisik Teh Hijau Kombucha pada Waktu Pemanasan yang Berbeda
Authors: Lestari Kinanti Ayu Puji , Sa’diyah Lailatus
Published: June 2021

Waktu fermentasi berpengaruh terhadap derajat keasaman dan sifat fisik minuman kombucha. Semakin lama proses fermentasi maka diasumsikan pH dari minuman kombucha akan semakin rendah Tujuan utama dari proses pemanasan dalam industri makanan adalah untuk pengawetan. Selama proses pemanasan, aktivitas mikroba akan berkurang, mencegah adanya pertumbuhan dari mikroba serta mencegah terjadinya reaksi kimia yang tidak diinginkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama pemanasan terhadap karakteristik fisik minuman kombucha teh hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik yang meliputi nilai pH, warna, aroma dan rasa dari minuman kombucha setelah pemanasan pada waktu pemanasan yang berbeda
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Sawo Manila (Manilkara zapota) Dan Daun Sawo Kecik (Manilkara kauki) Terhadap Zona Hambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans
Authors: Susie Amilah  , Ajiningrum Purity Sabila , Airin Aisyah
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi dan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) dan daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) terhadap zona hambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan metode difusi cakram dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) dan daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) yang terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 80% dengan diameter zona hambat 1,62 mm. Ekstrak daun sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) yang terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 80% dengan besar zona hambat 3,96 mm.
Pengaruh Rasio Karbomer dan HPMC Terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Emulgel Minyak Ikan Salmon
Authors: Rakhma Dita Nurlita , Najih Yuli Ainun , Eka Pratiwi Fadhilah
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio gelling agent Karbomer dan HPMC terhadap karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon. Pada penelitian ini digunakan minyak ikan salmon sebagai bahan aktif karena mengandung Omega-3 yaitu EPA dan DHA yang berkhasiat sebagai antiiflamasi secara topikal. Rasio  karbomer:HPMC yang digunakan yaitu 2:0 (FI), 0:2 (FII), 0,5 :1,5 (FIII) dan 1:1 (FIV). Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pH, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Pengujian stabilitas fisik yang dilakukan meliputi uji sentrifugasi dan cycling test. Pada  uji  pH diperoleh hasil semua formula memenuhi rentang pH kulit. Pada pengukuran viskositas dan daya sebar  terdapat  perbedaan bermakna  pada  masing-masing formula (p<0,05) dimana  FI memiliki viskositas yang paling tinggi dan untuk uji daya sebar menunjukkan bahwa FII mempunyai nilai daya sebar  paling  tinggi. Pada uji stabilitas fisik baik uji cycling test maupun sentrifugasi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan rasio gelling agent tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon pada FI, FIII, dan FIV. Namun memberikan pengaruh pada FII dengan rasio gelling agent Karbomer:HPMC (0:2) yang ditunjukkan dengan pemisahan fase pada uji sentrifugasi. Dari  hasil  penelitian  tersebut  dapat  disimpulkan  bahwa perbedaan rasio gelling agent karbomer:HPMC memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakter dan stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon.
Hasil Responden Pengetahuan Masyarakat Terhadap Cara Pengolahan Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza) dan Kencur (Kaemferia galanga) Sebagai Peningkatan Imunitas Selama COVID-19 dengan Menggunakan Kedekatan Konsep Program Leximancer
Authors: Izazi Farizah , Kusuma P Astrid
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 merupakan salah satu virus yang sedang melanda di seluruh dunia. Banyak pasien COVID-19 yang terinfeksi dikarenakan imunitas yang rendah. Faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem imun adalah genetik, fisiologis, stress, usia, hormon, olahraga, kurangnya istirahat, nutrisi yang tidak terpenuhi, dan terpaparnya dengan zat yang berbahaya misalnya radioaktif, rokok, pestisida, bahan kimia yang lainnya ataupun alcohol. Salah satu bentuk yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani COVID-19 adalah dengan meningkatkan imunitas. Meningkatkan imunitas dengan mengkonsumsi obat yang berasal dari bahan alam atau dikenal sebagai OMAI (Obat Modern Asli Indonesia). Salah satu bentuk OMAI adalah (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza) dan kencur (Kaemferia galanga). Kedua bahan tersebut dapat digunakan apabila cara pengolahannya baik dan benar. Oleh karenanya dilakukan penelitian terkait pemahaman masyarakat cara pengolahan kedua OMAI tersebut. Hasil data leximancer 4.51 menunjukkan masyarakat belum memahami cara pengolahan yang baik dan benar untuk sediaan serbuk instan ataupun sediaan yang lainnya sedangkan untuk sediaan siap minum (larutan) masyarakat sebagian besar memahami dengan baik dan benar cara pengolahannya. Hal ini juga di sebabkan karena masyarakat masih banyak yang belum menjumpai sediaan selain larutan. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu adanya pendekatan kepada masyarakat terkait cara pengolahan bentuk sediaan yang lainnya seperti bentuk sediaan serbuk instan, lozenges, dan kapsul.
„Gefühlvolles Führen“
Authors: Zins Isabella
Published: June 2021

Basis dieses Beitrags ist ein Artikel, den ich vor drei Jahren verfasst habe – damals noch als Bundesobfrau der „Vereinigung christlicher Lehrer*innen“ (VCL). Als Mitglied des Editorial Board unserer neuen Online-Zeitschrift für schulische Führungskräfte darf ich mich mit diesem Beitrag gleichzeitig vorstellen und ein Statement abgeben, nun in meiner Funktion als Bundessprecherin der AHS-Direktor*innen (Nieder-)Österreichs.Was in „Normalzeiten“ gilt, wird in Krisenzeiten noch deutlicher: Wer emotional führt, hat die Nase vorn bei der Krisenbewältigung. Diese praktische Erkenntnis wird durch internationale Studien bestätigt.
Führen in der Krise – Chance der Herausforderung
Authors: Dollischal Michael
Published: June 2021

Ein Virus bewegt die ganze Welt und nimmt Einfluss auf nahezu jedes Menschenleben. Im Vergleich zu anderen, zeitlich länger zurückliegenden, weltweiten Epidemien, erreicht uns die Corona-Krise zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem Information und Kommunikation durch die mediale Gepflogenheit weltweit und unmittelbar erfolgen. Führungspersonen sind durch dieses Virus, das sehr schnell den Weg über den gesamten Globus gefunden hat, in allen Bereichen extrem gefordert.

Die Gesundheit als wertvolles Gut der Menschheit macht es schwer, Entscheidungen in gewohnter Weise nach bisher definierten Kriterien zu treffen. Im Besonderen hat diese Pandemie Auswirkungen auf Bildungssysteme. Im Bereich Unterricht und in weiteren Tätigkeitsfeldern von Lehrpersonen hat sich durch diese Pandemie schnell viel verändert. Die darin liegende Chance der nachhaltigen Entwicklung sei hier dargelegt.
Aus der Krise lernen? Über neue Abläufe und Führungsqualitäten, die sich bewähren
Authors: Zins Isabella
Published: June 2021

Ihre Karriere begann die mehrfach ausgezeichnete österreichische Journalistin Dr. Martina Salomon, promovierte Germanistin und Publizistin zunächst als freie Mitarbeiterin im ORF-Landesstudio Oberösterreich sowie bei den Oberösterreichischen Nachrichten. In der Folge war sie für die Tiroler Tageszeitung und den Standard tätig. Ab 2004 leitete Salomon das Innenpolitik-Ressort der Presse. Ihre wöchentliche Kolumne „Salomonisch – Das innenpolitische Wort zum Sonntag“ erschien zunächst in der Presse am Sonntag und seit Oktober 2010 jeden Samstag in der Tageszeitung Kurier. Als Chefredakteurin setzt sie seit 2018 mitunter auch auf die Expertise der Praktiker*innen: Sie gründete den „Kurier-Bildungsbeirat“, in welchen ich mit Vertreter*innen aller Schularten berufen wurde. Seither kennen wir uns persönlich und so kam das Interview zustande, in Zeiten wie diesen auf der Mailschiene.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Pump Penetration Shell Accounting for Material and Geometric Non-Linearity
Authors: Velayudhan Gautham , Venugopal Prabhu Raja , Gnanasigamony Thankareathenam Ebron Shaji , Selvakumar Mohanraj , Pudukarai Ramaswamy Thyla
Published: June 2021

The roof slab of the nuclear reactor supports all the components and sub-systems. Roof slab needs to resist the seismic loads in accordance with load-carrying criteria. The static stress analysis of the reactor roof slab reveals that high-stress concentration was present in the pump penetration shell (PPS) which supports the primary sodium pump. This paper presents the assessment of collapse load and optimization of pump penetration shell, through the reliability approach, accounting for material nonlinearity, geometrical nonlinearity and randomness in loading. In addition to that, the load-carrying capacity of PPS was determined considering two different materials, viz., IS2062 and A48P2. The design of experiments (DoE) was formulated considering the flange angle and flange thickness as parameters. An empirical model for load function was formulated from the results of the collapse load obtained for various combinations of design parameters. The above function was used to perform the reliability-based geometry optimization of PPS of the roof slab.
THE JUSTICE IN TERMS OF THE DISCRETIONARY POWER OF THE JUDGE
Authors: Oliwa Mieczysław
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the issue of justice in terms of the discretionary power of the judge. It is an attempt to answer the question of how the concept of justice has been defined throughout history and how it is understood today. It relates in particular to the role of a judge in the administration of justice, and addresses the issues of judge's conscience and just court judgments.
Dyslexia and the Speech Pathologist
Authors: Roitsch Jane
Published: June 2021

Dyslexia is a complex condition. Timely identification of this disorder is imperative to its optimal management. Students benefit most when the skill sets of specialists trained to recognize markers and characteristics of dyslexia are effectively utilized. This chapter provides a real-life case study describing the process by which a student with a language literacy disorder such as dyslexia was assessed by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). Supporting literature is embedded throughout the case study to enhance learning and support the decisions made by the SLP. The role that the SLP can take in working with students with language literacy disorders such as dyslexia is also discussed. Therefore, the aims of this chapter are threefold: to (a) provide guidance for SLPs who may work with students with language literacy disorders such as dyslexia; (b) educate parents of children, with language literacy disorders such as dyslexia, about SLPs; and (c) support teachers and educational professionals by providing information about professionals who can serve as a resource for students.
Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential
Authors: Hussaini Jagaba Ahmad , Rahman Mohamed Kutty Shamsul , Hayder Ahmed Salih Gasim , Noor Azmatullah , Fakhuma Ubaidillah bin Md Hafiz Mohammad , Shehu Aliyu Yaro Nura , Ameen Hezam Saeed Anwar , Mohammed Lawal Ibrahim , Haruna Birniwa Abdullahi , Usman Kilaco Abdullahi
Published: June 2021

Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.
Male Infertility, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants
Authors: Zhaku Vegim , Agarwal Ashok , Beadini Sheqibe , Henkel Ralf , Finelli Renata , Beadini Nexhbedin , Micic Sava
Published: June 2021

Within the male reproductive system, oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as prevailing etiology of male infertility. The effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on male fertility depend on the dimensions, “modus operandi” of the ROS and the oxido-reduction potential (ORP) of the male reproductive tract. Hereupon, for an adequate response to OS, the cells of our body are endowed with a well-sophisticated system of defense in order to be protected. Various antioxidant enzymes and small molecular free radical scavengers, maintain the delicate balance between oxidants and reductants (antioxidants), crucial to cellular function and fertility. Therapeutic use of antioxidants is an optimal and coherent option in terms of mitigating OS and improving semen parameters. Therefore, recognizing and managing OS through either decreasing ROS levels or by increasing antioxidant force, appear to be a requesting approach in the management of male infertility. However, a clear defined attitude of the experts about the clinical efficacy of antioxidant therapy is still deprived. Prominently, antioxidant such as coenzyme Q10, vitamin C and E, lycopene, carnitine, zinc and selenium have been found useful in controlling the balance between ROS production and scavenging activities. In spite of that, healthy lifestyle, without smoke and alcohol, everyday exercise, reduction of psychological stress and quality well-designed meals, are habits that can overturn male infertility.
The Impact of Bio-Organic and N, P, K Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Potato
Authors: K.A. AL-Taey Duraid , F. AL-Shmary Rusul
Published: June 2021

Bio-organic agriculture considers the medium- and long-term impact of agricultural interferences on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food while setting an ecological balance to soil fertility. Bio-organic agriculture takes a proactive design as opposed to treating problems after they emerge, so the study was conducted for studying two factors: First: the cultivars (Riviera and Arizona) class A resulting from cultivation of class E imported and cultivated in spring season 2018. The second factor: fertilizer combinations (bio-organic fertilizers compared with traditional chemical fertilizers). Arizona cultivar significantly achieved the highest values, in most of the study parameters compared to Rivera cultivar. Significant differences were observed between the treatments of fertilizer combinations, the treatment (organic fertilizer + bio-fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer) significantly achieved the best values compared to the control. Bi-interaction treatment (Arizona cultivar + organic fertilizer + bio-fertilizer + chemical fertilizer 25%) achieved the highest yield per hectare (43.24 tons.ha−1).
Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Development of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) against Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Patranabis Somi
Published: June 2021

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are an important class of receptors involved in regulating different cellular functions. The usual pathway of RTK activation involves specific ligand binding, dimerization and trans-autophosphorylation. Recently, RTK has been extensively studied as they have potential applications in targeted cancer therapy. RTK-based therapeutic strategies are promising because dysfunction of RTK is connected to a variety of diseases. More specifically, RTK has been widely associated with different types of cancer and related diseases. The chapter aims to cover recent advances and challenges in RTK related research, to get an overview of the problems and possibilities associated with targeted therapy. This will help in deciphering novel therapeutic applications in the future.
Interlaboratory Performance in Measurement of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban
Authors: Volod Oksana , Rollins-Raval Marian , Goodwin Andrew J. , Higgins Russell A. , Long Thomas , Chandler Wayne L. , Harris Neil S. , Pham Huy P. , Isom James Alexander , Moser Karen , Olson John D. , Smock Kristi J. , VanSandt Amanda , Wool Geoffrey , Chen Dong
Published: June 2021

Context.—

Assessing direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) drug levels by reliable laboratory assays is necessary in a number of clinical scenarios.

Objective.—

To evaluate the performance of DOAC-specific assays for various concentrations of dabigatran and rivaroxaban, assess the interlaboratory variability in measurement of these DOACs, and investigate the responsiveness of the routine clotting assays to various concentrations of these oral anticoagulants.

Design.—

College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey data from 2013 to 2016 were summarized and analyzed.

Results.—

For dabigatran, the interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) of ecarin chromogenic assay was broad (ranging from 7.5% to 29.1%, 6.3% to 15.5%, and 6.8% to 9.0% for 100-ng/mL, 200-ng/mL, and 400-ng/mL targeted drug concentrations, respectively). The CV for diluted thrombin time for dabigatran was better overall (ranging from 11.6% to 17.2%, 9.3% to 12.3, and 7.1% to 11.2% for 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, and 400 ng/mL, respectively). The rivaroxaban-calibrated anti-Xa assay CVs also showed variability (ranging from 11.5% to 22.2%, 7.2% to 10.9%, and 6.4% to 8.1% for 50-ng/mL, 200-ng/mL, and 400-ng/mL targeted drug concentrations, respectively). The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) showed variable dose- and reagent-dependent responsiveness to DOACs: PT was more responsive to rivaroxaban and aPTT to dabigatran. The undiluted thrombin time showed maximum prolongation across all 3 dabigatran concentrations, making it too sensitive for drug-level monitoring, but supporting its use as a qualitative screening assay.

Conclusions.—

DOAC-specific assays performed reasonably well. While PT and aPTT cannot be used safely to determine DOAC degree of anticoagulation, a normal thrombin time excludes the presence of dabigatran.
Velfærdskommissionen – formål, resultater og erfaringer
Authors: Andersen Torben M.
Published: June 2021

Velfærdskommissionen blev nedsat i 2004 med den opgave at afklare omfanget og dybden af velfærdssamfundets udfordringer og komme med løsningsforslag. Det var samtidigt et krav, at kommissionen skulle bidrage til en bred offentlig debat. Denne artikel giver en opsamling på Velfærdskommissionens arbejde, herunder kommissionens forslag og de efterfølgende politiske reaktioner og initiativer. Artikler indeholder endvidere nogle generelle betragtninger omkring kommissionsarbejde og samspillet mellem eksperter og det politiske system.
NEDOSTACI U ZAKONSKOM NORMIRANjU KAZNE RADA U JAVNOM INTERESU U PREKRŠAJNOM PRAVU REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Authors: ̌Jelicic Mladen
Published: June 2021

Autor u radu analizira nedostatke u zakonskom normiranju kazne rada u javnom interesu u prekršajnom pravu Republike Srbije. Ukazano je na međunarodne dokumente koji se odnose na alternativne sankcije i obilježja kazne rada u javnom interesu. Predmet interesovanja autora su sličnosti i razlike u zakonskom normiranju kazne rada u javnom interesu u krivičnom i prekršajnom pravu Republike Srbije. Posebno su istaknuti stavovi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava koji se odnose na zabranu prinudnog i obaveznog rada, iz kojih proizilazi da države imaju pozitivnu obavezu da uspostave zakonodavni okvir kojim se sprečava prinudni rad. Autor je konstatovao da postojeće rješenje u Zakonu o prekršajima sadrži bitnu anomaliju, jer nije predviđena obaveza suda da pribavi saglasnost okrivljenog sa izricanjem kazne rada u javnom interesu, što je u suprotnosti sa međunarodnim dokumentima koji zabranjuju prinudan rad, posebno Evropskom konvencijom za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda, ali i Ustavom Republike Srbije. Zaključak autora je da su neophodne izmjene Zakona o prekršajima kako bi se navedeni nedostatak otklonio, a da sudije prekršajnih sudova, u praksi, navedeni problem mogu prevazići pribavljanjem saglasnosti okrivljenog sa izricanjem navedene kazne, kako u redovnom, tako i u izvršnom prekršajnom postupku.
POLOŽAJ MEDITERANSKIH MIGRANATA: UVERTIRA ZA RACKETE I DRUGI PROTIV ITALIJE
Authors: ̌Turanjanin Veljko
Published: June 2021

Autor u radu razmatra pitanje položaja migranata prema stavovima Evropskog suda za ljudska prava. Uzimajući u obzir posljednju deceniju mogli bismo reći da je ista prevashodno obilježena talasima migracija sa istoka koje ne jenjavaju, nego se samo transformišu u zavisnosti od otvorenih ruta. Jedan od puteva migranata ka Zapadnoj Evropi predstavlja Mediteran, a država koja je najviše izložena ovom talasu je Italija. Juna mjeseca 2019. godine otvoren je novi predmet ove države, a u vezi sa odnosom prema migrantima koji stignu putem mora. Stoga, autor u radu analizira dosadašnje stavove Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, izražene prevashodno kroz presudu Hirsi Jamaa i drugi protiv Italije, ne zapostavljajući druge presude u kojima je ovaj sud zauzeo stav i dao smjernice za odnos prema migrantima.
UTICAJ EKOLOŠKIH FAKTORA NA KRVNU SLIKU PASA NA PODRUČJU TUZLANSKOG KANTONA
Authors: FERIZBEGOVIĆ́ Jasmin , HADŽIAHMETOVIĆ JURIDÁ Elvira , VUČIĆEVIĆ́ Marija , ĐAPÓ Sandra
Published: June 2021

Danas se u dijagnostičke svrhe često upotrebljava analiza krvne slike, odnosno utvrđivanje broja eritrocita, leukocita, trombocita, te ostalih krvnih elemenata. Hematološki parametri i tjelesna masa su pouzdani pokazatelji općeg stanja organizma, i indirektni pokazatelj prostora u kome borave. Hematološka slika i tjelesna masa ispitana je kod ukupno 60 pasa različitih vrsta, uključujući i mješance. Grupa sa čistokrvnim psima brojala je 30 jedinki dok je grupa sa mješancima brojala 30 jedinki sa prostora Tuzlanskog kantona. Ispitivane jedinke su se razlikovale po načinu hranjenja i prostoru u kome obitavaju tako da rezultati pokazuju velika odstupanja koja su naknadno razmatrana i uzeta na dalju obradu zbog utvrđivanja uzroka koji su doveli do njih. Sva ispitivanja su posmatrana i obrađivana u skladu sa relevantnim ekološkim faktorima sredine u periodu jeseni 2016. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi uticaj faktora sredine u periodu istraživanja na hematološku sliku obje ispitivane grupe pasa. Osim navedenog istražitiuticaj parazita kao biotičkog faktora, na krvnu sliku obje ispitvane grupe pasa. Nakon analiziranja krvne slike pomoću hemograma vlasničkih pasa i pasa iz azila, koji su njegovani i čuvani na različite načine, te statističke obrade dobivenih podataka, zaključeno je da su psi sa povećanim brojem eozinofila imali parazitsko oboljenje.Veliki broj vlasničkih pasa imao je parazitska oboljenja zbog nestručnog rukovanja antiparaziticima i ne tako čestih posjeta veterinaru. Psi koji su bili pod stalnim veterinarskim nadzorom bili su potpuno zdravi.
ТЕЖАК ОБЛИК ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАНЕ САРКОПТЕС ШУГЕ СА СЕКУНДАРНИМ ПИОТРАУМАТСКИМ ФОЛИКУЛИТИСОМ КОД ПСА: ЕПИЗООТИОЛОШКИ И ДИФЕРЕНЦИЈАЛНО ДИЈАГНОСТИЧКИ ПРИСТУП
Authors: ВУЈАНИЋ́ Дејан , СТЕВАНОВИЋ́ Оливер , ДОБРИЈЕВИЋ́ Миљан , ТРБОЈЕВИЋ́ Игор , СЛАДОЈЕВИЋ́ Жељко , ЛАУШЕВИЋ́ Дејан , НЕДИЋ́ Драго
Published: June 2021

У овом раду је описан случај генерализоване саркоптес шуге (саркоптозе) код пса луталице који је пронађен на подручју општине Котор Варош. Клиничким и дерматолошким прегледом постављена је сумња на саркоптес шугу код пса, што је потврђено налазом јаја и адултних облика шугарца Sarcoptes scabiei var.canis. Као секундарна компликација шуге, утврђено је присуство стафилококног пиотрауматског фоликулитиса. Хематолошким прегледом установљена је анемија и леукоцитоза. У основној терапији је коришћен ивермектин (парентерално) у дози 0,4 mg/kg са цефалексином који је апликован перорално у дози 40 mg/kg сваких 12 сати. Терапија је трајала укупно 30 дана. Контролним прегледима нису установљени паразитски елементи у површински оструганој кожи. У дискусији овог рада су приказане епизоотиолошке карактеристике болести и наведене болести коже код паса, које се могу помијешати са шугом у свакодневној пракси.
Effects of Th doping on mechanical properties of U1–xThxO2: An atomistic simulation
Authors: Xin Yong , Bao Hong-Wei , Sun Zhi-Peng , Zhang Ji-Bin , Liu Shi-Chao , Guo Zi-Xuan , Wang Hao-Yu , Ma Fei , Li Yuan-Ming ,   Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China,   State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: June 2021

Since thorium (Th) owns high conversion ratio in thermal neutron spectrum, high melting temperature, high thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance in high-temperature water, it can be doped into UO2 based fuel to initiate the fission reaction, and improve the physical properties of UO2. Owing to the challenging experimental conditions and technologies, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to investigate the influences of Th doping on the mechanical properties of U1–xThxO2. The phase transition from initial fluorite structure to the metastable scrutinyite phase when loading along the [001] direction is observed, which accords well with the previous density functional theory calculations. However, if U1–xThxO2 is loaded along the [111] direction, only brittle fracture is observed. It is found that both the elastic modulus and fracture stress decrease linearly with elevating temperature but the fracture strain increases. As the Th concentration increases from 0 to 0.55, the elastic modulus first decreases and then increases; if the Th concentration is larger than 0.1, the fracture stress increases and the fracture strain decreases monotonically. The cracks are nucleated with an angle of 45º to the loading direction, propagate rapidly, and are characteristic of brittle fracture, which accords well with the classical failure criteria and experimental results for brittle materials. By comparison, the uniaxial tensile loading is also performed for polycrystalline U1–xThxO2. It is found that the elastic modulus and fracture stress decrease as the temperature increases. However, the elastic modulus is not sensitive to the Th concentration and the fracture increases as the Th concentration increases. The brittle intergranular fracture is observed in each of all polycrystalline samples. The obtained physical parameters are useful for designing the fuels in nuclear reactors.
Componentes Cognitivos y Afectivos de la Identidad Étnica en Jóvenes Mapuche del Gran Concepción, Chile
Authors:   Universidad San Sebastián Sede Concepción, Zañartu Canihuante Natalia , Bustos Navarrete Claudio ,   Universidad de Concepción, Grandón Fernández Pamela ,   Universidad de Concepción, Aravena Reyes Andrea
Published: June 2021

Este artículo aborda el proceso de identificación étnica en 15 estudiantes mapuche de educación superior de 5 casas de estudios del Gran Concepción, Chile. Los jóvenes, entre 18 y 24 años, fueron 10 mujeres y 5 hombres. Es un estudio cualitativo retrospectivo, con un diseño interpretativo fenomenológico y un muestreo teórico, no probabilístico intencionado (bola de nieve). Se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad, las que fueron analizadas según una malla temática de 5 categorías. Se describen los componentes cognitivos y afectivos de la identidad mapuche. La identidad étnica estaría fuertemente vinculada al proceso de escolarización de las personas. Se observan tres despertares culturales durante este proceso: al inicio de la escolarización en la segunda infancia, al comienzo de la educación secundaria e inicio de la adolescencia y finalmente, al ingreso a la educación superior, que coincide con el término de la adolescencia y comienzo de la adultez joven. La identidad étnica se caracteriza por ser dinámica, es decir, se modifica y transforma permanentemente, a través de un proceso de aprendizaje autorregulado, que presenta características individuales y colectivas y que surge como respuesta a las constantes tensiones identitarias que viven los y las jóvenes. La vivencia del cuestionamiento permanente de la identidad en los jóvenes es asociada a sentimientos de malestar. No obstante, existen también sentimientos de bienestar, felicidad y orgullo en el desarrollo de la identidad étnica. Ambos sentimientos impactan la salud mental de las personas.
Diseño y Validación Inicial del Test de Intereses Profesionales para la Orientación Vocacional (TIPOV) en Estudiantes Secundarios de Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Carrasco Evelyn , Zuñiga Claudia ,   Universidad de Chile, Asún Rodrigo ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: June 2021

Se presenta el diseño y validación inicial de un test de intereses profesionales con fines de orientación vocacional para estudiantes secundarios chilenos de colegios públicos científico-humanistas. Se revisan antecedentes sobre intereses profesionales, la perspectiva de la teoría sociocognitiva de carrera y consideraciones acerca de los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar este constructo. Se describe el proceso de construcción del instrumento, con 13 áreas de interés, y su aplicación a una muestra probabilística polietápica de 568 estudiantes secundarios de 14 establecimientos científico-humanistas públicos de las regiones Metropolitana y de O'Higgins, Chile. Para poner a prueba el ajuste de la estructura dimensional a los datos, se realizó análisis factorial confirmatorio de ítems, utilizando estimación por mínimos cuadrados no ponderados sobre la matriz de correlaciones policóricas. Se evaluó la consistencia interna mediante alfa ordinal y se realizó análisis de validez concurrente. El instrumento presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, incluyendo buen ajuste del modelo, alta consistencia interna y satisfactorias evidencias de validez concurrente. Se concluye que el TIPOV es recomendable para la evaluación de intereses profesionales en la población objetivo, por ser un instrumento breve, actualizado, de fácil comprensión y de aplicación en línea, lo que facilita la obtención de reportes automatizados. Esto puede ser de gran utilidad para apoyar los procesos de orientación vocacional individual y grupal en instituciones educativas y evaluar sus programas de intervención.
Propiedades Psicométricas de un Test de Comprensión Lectora para Alumnos de Educación Primaria
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco, Pascual Gema , Goikoetxea Edurne ,   Universidad de Deusto, Bustos Héctor ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2021

Se presentan las propiedades psicométricas del test de Comprensión Lectora para Intervenir en Primaria (CLIP), desarrollado en base a modelos teóricos de los procesos cognitivos de la comprensión de textos (Kintsch, 1998). El objetivo del test es evaluar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de primaria y arrojar información útil para planear la enseñanza que debe seguir a la evaluación. Con este propósito se usan diferentes textos (narrativos y expositivos, cortos y largos) y 3 tipos de preguntas (locales, globales e inferenciales), según la clasificación de Magliano et al. (2007), cuya respuesta debiera exigir al lector los procesos básicos de comprensión para construir el texto base y el modelo situacional. Por medio de un muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 1958 estudiantes de 3º a 6º de educación básica de 10 colegios particulares subvencionados y municipales de las comunas de Villarrica y Loncoche de la región de la Araucanía de Chile. El análisis de la consistencia interna (Kuder-Richardson 20) de las puntuaciones arroja valores iguales o superiores a 0,79. El análisis factorial confirmatorio halla evidencia de la presencia de 3 factores: Procesamiento Local, Procesamiento Global y Procesamiento Inferencial, cuando se analizan los resultados de los textos cortos. En los textos largos, el ajuste del modelo a los datos fue insatisfactorio. El análisis del funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems, según sexo y nivel socioeconómico, no reveló sesgo en ningún ítem del test.
Social Support and Community Integration in Users of Brazil's Basic Social Protection Policy
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, Pizzinato Adolfo , Soares de Almeida Segundo Damião ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, Pagnussat Esequiel ,   Universidade Potiguar, Brasil, Almeida Weber João Luis ,   Faculdades da Serra Gaúcha, Brasil, Bones Rocha Katia ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to verify how community participation, family support, and sociodemographic variables relate to community integration. Participants were 201 individuals from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, residing in the cities of Porto Alegre and Esteio, who benefited from a basic social protection program, PAIF (Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família). The non-probability sample was mainly composed of low socioeconomic status women with a low educational level who were beneficiaries of social financial support programs. The research protocol comprised the Inventory of Family Support Perception, the Questionnaire of Community Social Support, and questions about sociodemographic characteristics. Correlation of PAIF participation duration with community integration was weak (r = 0.145, p < 0.05). A linear regression model showed that age (β = 0.323, p < 0.001), the monetary value of the benefit (β = 0.224, p = 0.002), and community participation (β = 0.234, p = 0.002) were predictors, accounting for 30.5% of the variance of community integration. Results indicate that, as people age in the community, they increase their integration. The amounts received by each family probably affect community integration because they expand access to community spaces and public services. Individuals with greater community support tools felt more welcome in the community network. Additional studies are needed to provide evidence for the effectiveness of social integration and health promotion interventions