bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using ANN for Well Type Identifying and Increasing Production from Sadi Formation of Halfaya Oil Field South of Iraq -- Case Study.
Authors: Jreou Ghazwan Noori
Published: February 2023

The current study focuses on utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)
techniques to identify the optimal locations for achieving the
production company’s primary objective, which is to increase oil
production from the sadi carbonate reservoir of the Halfaya oil field in
southeast Iraq, with the determination of the optimal scenario of
various designs for production wells, which include vertical,
horizontal, multi-horizontal, and fishbone lateral wells, for all
reservoir production layers. The ANN tool was used to identify the
optimal locations for obtaining the highest production from the
reservoir layers and the optimal well type. For layer SB1 the average
daily production is 291.544 STB/D with horizontal well, 441.82 STB/D for
multilateral, and 1298.461STB/D for the fishbone well type. Also, for
SB2 layer 197.966 STB/D, 336.9834 STB/D, and 924.554 STB/D, and for SB3
333.641 STB/D, 546.6364 STB/D and 1187.159 STB/D for the same well types
sequence. While the cumulative production for each formation layer is
22.440 MMSTB from the horizontal well, 59.05 MMSTB from multilateral and
84.895 MMSTB from fishbone well types for SB1 layer, Also 48.06 MMSTB,
70.1094 MMSTB, and 160.254 MMSTB for SB2, and 75.2764 MMSTB, 111.7325
MMSTB and 213.1291 MMSTB for SB3 for the same well types.
The anesthetic consideration of a gravid patient with osteogenesis imperfecta undergoing cesarean section: a case report
Authors: Hu Tao , Chen Tao , Luo Lin , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yu , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2023

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disorder of bone fragility.
Gravid patients with OI usually need cesarean and may present multiple
challenges. We present a case of an OI patient with severe scoliosis and
an anticipated difficult airway undergoing cesarean section, with
details on perioperative assessment and strategy of anesthesia.
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus aggravates pathology of blood vessels in Wistar rats with premorbid acute cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marchenko V. , Zelinskaya I. , Toropova Ya. , Podyacheva E. , Martynov M. , Mukhametdinova D. , Lioznov D. , Zhilinskaya I.N.
Published: February 2023

Influenza virus can infect vascular endothelium and cause endothelial
dysfunction. Persons at higher risk for severe influenza are patients
with acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders; however, the mechanism
of influenza-induced cardiovascular system alteration remains not fully
understood. Thirty Wistar rats were divided in six groups – four
experimental and two control. Rats from each experimental group were
treated with doxorubicin following echocardiography confirmation of
acute cardiotoxicity. Two groups of rats were intranasally inoculated
with rat-adapted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, while two other groups –
with α-MEM. After 24 and 96 hours mesenteric vessels were harvested for
studying vasomotor activity using wire myograph and endothelial factors
(eNOS, PAI-1 and tPA) expression by immunohistochemistry; PAI-1 and tPA
concentration was analyzed in blood plasma by ELISA. Significant
decrease in maximal response of mesenteric arteries of infected rats
with premorbid acute cardiomyopathy to both vasoconstrictor and
vasodilator at 24 and 96 hpi was registered compared to uninfected rats
with acute cardiomyopathy and control rats. Expression of eNOS in
mesenteric vascular endothelium was modulated at 24 and 96 hpi. PAI-1
expression was increased by 3.47-fold at 96 hpi, while concentration of
PAI-1 in the blood plasma was increased by 6.43-fold at 24 hpi compared
with uninfected rats with acute cardiomyopathy. tPA concentration in
plasma was also modulated at 24 hpi and 96 hpi compared with uninfected
rats with acute cardiomyopathy. The obtained data indicate that
influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in rats aggravates the course of premorbid
acute cardiomyopathy causing a pronounced dysregulation of endothelial
factors expression and vasomotor activity impairment of mesenteric
arteries.
Decellularized periosteum promotes guided bone regeneration via manipulation of macrophage polarization
Authors: Li Jiayang , He Dongming , Hu Longwei , Li Siyi , Zhang Chenping , Yin Xuelai , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2023

Periosteum has shown potential as an effective barrier membrane for
guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, if recognized as a “foreign
body”, insertion of a barrier membrane in GBR treatment will inevitably
alter the local immune microenvironment and subsequently influence bone
regeneration. The aim of this investigation was to fabricate
decellularized periosteum (DP) and investigate its immunomodulatory
properties in GBR. DP was successfully fabricated from periosteum from
the mini-pig cranium. In vitro experiments indicated that the DP
scaffold modulated macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative M2
phenotype, which in turn facilitated migration and osteogenic
differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A rat GBR
model with a cranial critical-size defect was established, and our in
vivo experiment confirmed the beneficial effects of DP on the local
immune microenvironment and bone regeneration. Collectively, the
findings of this study indicate that the prepared DP possesses
immunomodulatory properties and represents a promising barrier membrane
for GBR procedures.
The role of niche complementarity in the strengthening of the diversity-ecosystem functioning relationship over time
Authors: Amyntas Angelos , Berti Emilio , Gauzens Benoit , Albert Georg , Yu Wentao , Werner Alexandra , Eisenhauer Nico , Brose Ulrich
Published: February 2023

Species-rich communities exhibit higher levels of ecosystem functioning
compared to species-poor ones, and this positive relationship
strengthens over time. One proposed mechanism for this phenomenon is the
reduction of niche overlap and thus, competition within plants or
consumers. To explore how niche differentiation affects the plant
diversity-productivity relationship, we combined bio-energetic
population dynamics and food-web assembly models. Our findings reveal
that increased niche complementarity of plants can steepen the
relationship if it does not increase intraspecific competition, while
increasing complementarity among consumers during community assembly can
also have a positive effect but with considerable variability. The study
highlights the importance of trait variation among and within species,
and the interplay between intra- and interspecific competition strength
in shaping the functioning of ecosystems over time. These results offer
insights into the mechanisms behind the diversity-functioning
relationship and have implications for ecosystem management and
conservation efforts.
Leaf and root chemical and physical defence traits mediate monoculture yield decline in a grassland experiment
Authors: Bassi Leonardo , Hennecke Justus , Albracht Cynthia , Broecher Maximilian , Solbach Marcel , Schaller Jörg , Doan Van Cong , Wagner Heiko , Eisenhauer Nico , Ebeling Anne , Meyer Sebastian , Dam Nicole van , Weigelt Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Plant monocultures growing for extended periods face severe losses of
productivity. This phenomenon, known as ‘yield decline’, is often caused
by the accumulation of above- and belowground plant antagonists. The
effectiveness of plant defences against antagonists might help
explaining differences in yield decline among species. Using a
trait-based approach, we studied the role of 20 physical and chemical
defence traits of leaves and fine roots on yield decline of 18-year old
monocultures of 27 grassland species. We hypothesized that yield decline
is lower for species with high defences, that root defences are better
predictors of yield decline than leaf defences, and that in roots,
physical defences better predict yield decline than chemical defences,
while the reverse is true for leaves. We additionally hypothesized that
species increasing the expression of defence traits after long-term
monoculture growth would suffer less yield decline. We summarized leaf
and fine root defence traits using principal component analysis and
analysed the relationship between defence traits mean as a measure of
defence strenght and defence traits temporal changes of the most
informative components and monoculture yield decline. The only
significant predictors of yield decline were the mean and temporal
changes of the component related to specific root length and root
diameter (e.g. the so called collaboration gradient of the root
economics space). The principal component analysis of the remaining
traits showed strong trade-offs between defences suggesting that
different plant species deploy a variety of strategies to defend
themselves. This diversity of strategies could preclude the detection of
a generalized correlation between the strength and temporal changes of
defence gradients and yield decline. Our results show that yield decline
is strongly linked to belowground processes particularly to root traits.
Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism driving the
effect of the collaboration gradient on yield decline.
Environmental constraints and species adaptive strategies drive plant longevity in Himalayan high-mountain plants
Authors: Chondol Thinles , Klimeš Adam , Altman Jan , Capkova Katerina , Dvorsky Miroslav , Hiiesalu Inga , Jandova Veronika , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Rehakova Klara , Liancourt Pierre , Dolezal Jiri
Published: February 2023

Plant lifespan has important evolutionary, physiological, and ecological
implications related to population persistence, community stability, and
resilience to ongoing environmental change impacts. Although biologists
have long puzzled over the extraordinary variation in plant lifespan and
its causes, our understanding of interspecific variability in plant
lifespan and the key internal and external factors influencing longevity
remains limited. Here, we demonstrate the concurrent impacts of
environmental, morphological, physiological, and anatomical constraints
on interspecific variation in longevity among >300 vascular
dicot plant species naturally occurring at an elevation gradient
(2800-6150 m) in the western Himalayas. First, we show that plant
longevity is largely related to species’ habitat preferences.
Ecologically stressful habitats such as alpine and subnival host
long-lived species, while productive ruderal and wetland habitats
contain a higher proportion of short-lived species. Second, longevity is
influenced by growth form. Small-statured cushion plants with compact
canopies and deep roots, most found on cold and infertile alpine and
subnival soils, had a higher chance of achieving longevity. Third, plant
traits reflecting plant adaptations to stress and disturbance modulate
interspecific differences in plant longevity. Importantly, we show that
longevity and growth are negatively correlated. Slow-growing plants are
those that have a higher chance of reaching a maximum age. Finally,
changes in plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in root and
leaf tissue were significantly associated with variations in longevity.
We discuss the link between the longevity and productivity and stability
of studied Himalayan ecosystems and the intrinsic growth dynamics and
physiological constraints under increasing environmental pressure.
Effects of nonaromatic through-bond conjugation and through-space conjugation on the photoluminescence of nontraditional luminogens
Authors: Zhang Xiaomi , Bai Yunhao , Deng Junwen , Zhuang Peifeng , Wang Huiliang
Published: February 2023

Photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms of nontraditional luminogens (NTLs)
have attracted great interests, and they are generally explained with
intra/intermolecular through-space conjugation (TSC) of nonconventional
chromophores (NCCs). Here we propose a new concept of nonaromatic
through-bond conjugation (TBC) and proved that it plays an important
role in the PL of NTLs. The PL behaviors of cyclohexanedione (CHD),
dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (DMCHD) and their three respective isomers
are studied and correlated with their chemical structures and aggregate
structures. These compounds show different fluorescence emissions from
blue to yellow region, and they also show different
concentration-dependent emission (CDE) and excitation-dependent emission
(EDE) characteristics. The position of ketone groups and the steric
hindrance of methyl groups in the compounds determine the occurrence of
keto-enol tautomerism or not. The compounds with conjugated keto-enol
structure (i.e., nonaromatic TBC) show red-shifted emissions with
comparison to the compounds with only isolated diketone structures.
Theoretical calculations show that TBC effect reduces the HOMO-LUMO
energy gaps of single molecules, and it facilitates the formation of
stronger TSC in the aggregate state. The cooperative effect of
nonaromatic TBC and TSC leads to more significantly red-shifted
emissions. This work provides a novel and deeper understanding of the PL
mechanisms of NTLs and is of great importance for directing the design
and synthesis of NTLs with enhanced and red-shifted emissions.
Consistent modelling of transport processes and travel times - coupling soil hydrologic processes with StorAge Selection functions
Authors: Schwemmle Robin , Weiler Markus
Published: February 2023

Understanding the transport processes and travel times of pollutants in
the subsurface is crucial for an effective management of drinking water
resources. Transport processes and soil hydrologic processes are
inherently linked to each other. In order to account for this link, we
couple the process-based hydrologic model RoGeR with StorAge Selection
(SAS) functions. We assign to each hydrological process a specific SAS
function (e.g. power law distribution function). To represent different
transport mechanisms, we combined a specific set of SAS functions into
four transport model structures: complete-mixing, piston flow,
advection-dispersion and advection-dispersion with time-variant
parameters. In this study, we conduct modelling experiments at the
Rietholzbach lysimeter, Switzerland. All modelling experiments are
benchmarked with HYDRUS-1D. We compare our simulations to the measured
hydrologic variables (percolation and evapotranspiration fluxes and soil
water dynamics) and the measured water stable isotope signal (18O) in
the lysimeter seepage for a period of ten years (1997-2007). An
additional virtual bromide tracer experiment was used to benchmark the
models. Additionally, we carried out a sensitivity analysis and provide
Sobol indices for soil hydrologic model parameters and SAS parameters.
Our results show that the advection-dispersion transport model produces
the best results. And thus, advective-dispersive transport processes
play a dominant role at Rietholzbach lysimeter. Our modelling approach
provides the capability to test hypotheses of different transport
mechanisms and to improve process understanding and predictions of
transport processes. Overall, the combined model allows a very effective
simulation of combined flux and transport processes at various temporal
and spatial scales.
Earthquake Early Warning using 3 seconds of records on a single station
Authors: Lara Pablo , Bletery Quentin , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Inza Adolfo
Published: February 2023

We introduce the Ensemble Earthquake Early Warning System (E3WS), a set
of Machine Learning algorithms designed to detect, locate and estimate
the magnitude of an earthquake using 3 seconds of P waves recorded by a
single station. The system is made of 6 Ensemble Machine Learning
algorithms trained on attributes computed from ground acceleration time
series in the temporal, spectral and cepstral domains. The training set
comprises datasets from Peru, Chile, Japan, and the STEAD global
dataset. E3WS consists of three sequential stages: detection, P-phase
picking and source characterization. The latter involves magnitude,
epicentral distance, depth and back-azimuth estimation. E3WS achieves an
overall success rate in the discrimination between earthquakes and noise
of 99.9%, with no false positive (noise mis-classified as earthquakes)
and very few false negatives (earthquakes mis-classified as noise). All
false negatives correspond to M ≤ 4.3 earthquakes, which are unlikely to
cause any damage. For P-phase picking, the Mean Absolute Error is 0.14
s, small enough for earthquake early warning purposes. For source
characterization, the E3WS estimates are virtually unbiased, have better
accuracy for magnitude estimation than existing single-station
algorithms, and slightly better accuracy for earthquake location. By
updating estimates every second, the approach gives time-dependent
magnitude estimates that follow the earthquake source time function.
E3WS gives faster estimates than present alert systems relying on
multiple stations, providing additional valuable seconds for potential
protective actions.
A blue water scarcity-based method for hydrologically sustainable agricultural expansion design
Authors: Galli Nikolas , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Ricciardi Livia , Rulli Maria Cristina
Published: February 2023

At the heart of the vision of sustainable development and
intergenerational responsibility lies the prudent use of natural
resources. Agriculture is a key sector both in terms of resources
consumed and of goods and services provided. Recently Its
intensification and expansion have been studied and their sustainability
evaluated, often with a particular focus on water management. While, in
literature, possible agricultural strategies have been based on local
water availability and, in some cases, downstream effects of such
strategies have been evaluated, a method to identify and quantify
hydrologically sustainable land use and crop use changes directly
accounting for downstream effects is yet to be defined. Here we propose
a framework to assess hydrological sustainability of land use and crop
use changes, preventing both in situ and downstream effects. We apply
this framework on the case study of coffee plantations expansion in
Kenya, a sector that is seeing, and is planned to see, a rapid growth,
given its potential in promoting agricultural, economic, and social
development, not without risks associated to hydroclimatic change. We
simulate the hydrological alterations caused by coffee plantation
expansion onto available suitable areas, and use these simulations to
identify areas where the expansion does not generate water scarcity
either in situ or downstream. The assessment of hydrological suitability
proves effective in preventing water availability reduction. Areas
selected for expansion present similar total water footprints as
currently used areas, but with higher precipitation-generated water
availability. The proposed methodology identifies and quantifies areas
in a physically robust, and thus transparent, way, also maintaining
flexibility to the selected expansion scenario and low data intensity.
This makes this framework a potentially easily replicable methodology
for planning sustainable agricultural development within planetary
boundaries.
Searching for intra-cloud positive leaders in VHF
Authors: Scholten Olaf , Hare Brian , Dwyer Joseph R , Liu Ningyu , Sterpka Christopher Francis , Mulrey K. , Veen S.
Published: February 2023

We have used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to search for the growing
tip of an intra-cloud (IC) positive leader. Even with our most sensitive
beamforming method, where we coherently add the signals of about 170
antenna pairs, we were not able to detect any emission from the tip.
Instead, we put constraints on the emissivity of very-high frequency
(VHF) radiation from the tip at 0.5 pJ/MHz at 60 MHz, integrated over
100 ns. The limit is independent on whether this emission is in the form
of short pulses or continuously. We conclude that IC positive leaders
propagate in a continuous process which is in sharp contrast to what is
seen to the step-wise propagation seen in some cloud-to-ground positive
leaders and for all negative leaders.
Shifts in the Isotopic Composition of Nitrous Oxide between El Niño and La Niña in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Gluschankoff Noah , Santoro Alyson E , Buchwald Carolyn , Casciotti Karen L
Published: February 2023

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate phenomenon
that alters the biogeochemical and physical dynamics of the Eastern
Tropical Pacific Ocean. Its two phases, El Niño and La Niña, are
characterized by decreased and increased coastal upwelling,
respectively, which have cascading effects on primary productivity,
organic matter supply, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. The Eastern
Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is a source of
nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. While
nitrogen cycling in the ETSP OMZ has been shown to be sensitive to ENSO,
we present the first study to directly compare N2O distributions during
both ENSO phases using N2O isotopocule analyses. Our data show that
during La Niña, N2O accumulation increased six-fold in the upper 100 m
of the water column, and N2O fluxes to the atmosphere increased up to
100-fold. N2O isotopocule data demonstrated substantial increases in
δ18O up to 60.5‰ and decreases in δ15Nβ down to -10.3‰, signaling a
shift in N2O cycling during La Niña in the oxycline compared to El Niño.
N2O production via the hybrid pathway and incomplete denitrification
with overprinting of N2O consumption are likely co-occurring to maintain
the high site preference (SP) values (17‰ – 26.7‰), corroborating
previous hypotheses. Ultimately, our results illustrate a strong
connection between upwelling intensity, biogeochemistry, and N2O flux to
the atmosphere, and highlight the importance of repeat measurements in
the same region to constrain N2O interannual variability and cycling
dynamics under different climate scenarios.
Climate change signal in Atlantic tropical cyclones today and near future
Authors: Lee Chia-Ying , Sobel Adam H , Tippett Michael K , Camargo Suzana J. , Wüest Marc , Wehner Michael F , Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

This manuscript discusses the challenges in detecting and attributing
recently observed trends in the Atlantic hurricanes and the epistemic
uncertainty we face in assessing future hurricane risk. Data used here
include synthetic storms downscaled from five CMIP5 models by the
Columbia HAZard model (CHAZ), and directly simulated storms from
high-resolution climate models. We examine three aspects of recent
hurricane activity: the upward trend and multi-decadal oscillation of
the annual frequency, the increase in storm wind intensity, and the
downward trend in the forward speed. Some datasets suggest that these
trends and oscillation are forced while others suggest that they can be
explained by natural variability. Future projections under warming
climate scenarios also show a wide range of possibilities, especially
for the annual frequencies, which increase or decrease depending on the
choice of moisture variable used in the CHAZ model and on the choice of
climate model. The uncertainties in the annual frequency lead to
epistemic uncertainties in the future hurricane risk assessment. Here,
we investigate the reduction of epistemic uncertainties on annual
frequency through a statistical practice – likelihood analysis. We find
that historical observations are more consistent with the simulations
with increasing frequency but we are not able to rule out other
possibilities. We argue that the most rational way to treat epistemic
uncertainty is to consider all outcomes contained in the results. In the
context of hurricane risk assessment, since the results contain possible
outcomes in which hurricane risk is increasing, this view implies that
the risk is increasing.
Higher order fractional variational symmetric duality over cone constraints
Authors: Khatri Sony , Prasad Ashish
Published: February 2023

The article aims at higher order fractional variational pair of symmetric dual formulations where constraints are defined over cones and explores pertinent duality output applying the idea of higher order ?-invexity. Also, we bring into begin a numerical example in order to validate the definition exploited to establish duality results. Moreover, we demonstrate a case study dealing with the static formulation of our considered problem and explore the results carefully.
LANGUAGE MEANS OF EXPRESSING IMPLICIT EVALUATION IN CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL DISCOURSE: PRAGMATIC ASPECT
Authors: Babelyuk Oksana , Koliasa Olena
Published: February 2023

This article deals with role of politics and politicians in modern world, the linguistic tendencies of study of contemporary political discourse and the category of evaluation in general, and language means of expressing implicit evaluation in particular, which is considered to be a semantic and pragmatic category and one of the most powerful means of influence on the audience. The pragmatic aim of contemporary political discourse texts lays in the interpretation of event, conveying a variety of indirect or direct, supportive or opposing evaluating attitudes toward it. This study focuses on different evaluative language means used by politicians in their political speeches on different occasions within the appraisal theory framework, under which in this paper we understand a variety of meaning-making language means used by the speakers to express their evaluative involvement in communication.
GENRE INVARIANTS OF MODERN ADVERTISMENT
Authors: Dergach Dmytro
Published: February 2023

The article defines the communicative criteria of modern advertising genre distinction. Research attention is based on the function as a category that determines the nature of the literary language resource in the context of dynamics of verbalized information. Advertisment is considered as a generic concept that summarizes the types of advertising communication functionally identified with the corresponding genre and its invariants. The author's medialinguistic analysis, correlated with the objectivity of functional stylistics, leads to the differentiation of modern advertising into commercial and social. Having a common nature, these 2 groups of genres of advertising communication, at the same time, contrastingly realize the tasks of informing and influencing the mass linguistic consciousness. The thesis that commercial advertising relies on the manipulative context of verbalization of strategies and tactics – unique offer, positioning, etc. – is illustrated and expertly commented. And the precedent of social advertising context appeals to patterns, values of time and space of culture (life, health, ethical dimension of communication, protection of honor and human dignity, etc.), which have passed communicative approval in the history of the development of world civilization. Research opinions confirmed by linguistic factology in a discussion with other scientists formulate the ideas of medialinguistic analysis of advertising as a complex of genres, invariantly represented in the communicative space of modern mass media.
THEORY AND METHODS OF FORMING A SUCCESSFUL PUPIL'S PERSONALITY
Authors: Necherda Valeriia
Published: February 2023

The article is dedicated to the theory and methods of forming a successful personality of a pupil. The tasks of the research are the generalization of theoretical data regarding the problem of forming a successful personality of a pupil and highlighting the methodical foundations of the formation of a successful personality in an institution of general secondary education. In the research process, methodological approaches were applied in the formation of a successful personality of the pupil – personally oriented, acmeological, axiological, environmental, systemic, competency-based, as well as the following methods – theoretical (analysis, comparison and reinterpretation of data) and empirical (event analysis). The author specified the essence of the concepts "pupil's successfulness", "successful personality of a pupil", "formation of a successful personality of a pupil", considered the readiness of the teacher to form a successful personality of a pupil, determined the principles of working with pupils, their application ensures the achievement of high educational results and self-realization of pupils. The proposed research also indicated the importance of building an environment of success in the educational institution, which contributes to the effectiveness of the formation of a successful personality of a pupil, revealed the pedagogical potential of the situation of success, emphasized the necessity to create a safe educational environment, emphasized the feasibility of partnership interaction of general secondary education institutions with non-governmental organizations in the formation successful personality of a pupil.
CONDITION OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Gevkaliuk Nataliia , Nazarenko Ilona
Published: February 2023

The data we obtained on the prevalence of dental caries in children with cerebral palsy indicate a mass incidence, according to the WHO, 95.83 ± 3.29% (in the control group – 41.67 ± 2.29%) with the intensity of the lesion 9, 96 ± 0.21 conventional units for dental caries and 10.32 ± 0.48 conventional units for carious cavities. Analyzing the structure of the DMF index, it should be noted that dental caries is 5.57 ± 0.22, filled teeth – 2.34 ± 0.28, extracted teeth – 1.89 ± 0.1. Acute initial caries of permanent teeth was found in 45.83% of cases with an average intensity of 4.05 ± 0.21 conditional units. The evaluation of the oral hygiene index according to the OHI-S index showed its low index and, accordingly, the "good" state of oral hygiene in only 12.5% of cases. The average value of the OHI-S index and, accordingly, a "satisfactory" state of hygiene was recorded at 25.0%, a high index of OHI-S ("unsatisfactory" hygiene) – at 29.17% and a very high index of OHI-S ("poor" hygiene) – in 33.33% of cases. The evaluation of the timing of teeth eruption revealed a delay in their eruption in 45.83% of patients. The analysis of the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth, in particular acute initial caries, shows that motility disorders in children with cerebral palsy require corrective exercises to form the manipulative function of the hand, improve skills and abilities related to the performance of individual oral hygiene.
Case Report: Idiopathic Chondrolysis of the Hip
Authors: Al Mutairia Owayed Ali
Published: February 2023

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip (ICP) is a rare condition of unknown etiology duo to progressive destruction of the hyaline cartilage that covers the femoral head and acetabulum. It has insidious beginning and affects more often female adolescents. This study aimed at reporting one case of that rare disease of a 14-year-old male adolescent with idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip presented to our out -patient clinic after three months of symptoms beginning. Early diagnosis is challenging. Clinicians must be aware of this rare diagnosis, because early diagnosis may improve the patient outcome.
Factors Predicting Avascular Necrosis After Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Subcapital Fractures of the Hip
Authors: Gurel Ron
Published: February 2023

Background: The main complications following closed reduction and internal fixation of displaced intracapsular femur fractures (DICFF) are avascular necrosis (AVN) and nonunion. Little is known about the factors that predict these complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological risk factors of failure following closed reduction and internal fixation of DICFF among non-elderly patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients under the age of 65 years who underwent closed reduction and internal fixation of DICFF in our center from January 2007 to January 2018. The extracted data included baseline characteristics and the fixation method. Postoperative radiographs were obtained during follow-up visits in order to evaluate complications, such as AVN and nonunion. Results: In total, 90 patients were included in the study, with a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. Garden III fractures were associated with significantly lower rates of AVN (odds ratio [OR] = 0.304, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.101-0.916) compared to Garden IV fractures. Neutral and varus reduction positions had significantly higher rates of AVN (OR = 7.182, 95%CI: 1.951- 26.446) and (OR= 5.560, 95%CI: 1.130-27.351), respectively, compared to the valgus position. Longer surgery procedures were associated with a higher risk of AVN (OR = 1.018, 95%CI: 1.006-1.031). Conclusions: Both varus and neutral reduction positions as well as Garden IV classification served as predictive factors for failure following closed reduction and internal fixation of DICFF. The type of fixation (CCS vs Targon plate) and the Pauwel angle had no significant effect on the rates of AVN or nonunion following fracture reduction.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sciatic Nerve Injury in Acetabular Fractures
Authors: NN Hakeem
Published: February 2023

Background: Acetabular fracture is a challenging orthopaedic injury, usually associated with post-traumatic arthritis, deep vein thrombosis, and sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Therefore, we assess the incidence and outcome of SNI associated with acetabular fractures in this study. Methodology: We applied search keywords across PubMed, clinicaltrail.gov, Scopus, and Cochrane library database from 2002 to March 2022 with the studies reporting SNI associated with acetabular fracture. Patient's demographic details, acetabular fracture type, recoveries rate and time, number of patients with acetabular fracture reporting SNI, and follow-up. Methodological Index for Observational Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria assessed the quality appraisal of each identified study. Results: This study includes twenty-one studies with a total of 682 patients, 19 iatrogenic SNI, and 44 post-traumatic injuries. Overall incidence of post-traumatic and iatrogenic SNI associated with acetabular fractures was 9% [95% CI: 6%-11%] and 5% [95% CI: 3%-7%] respectively. The overall recoveries rate from iatrogenic SNI and post-traumatic SNI associated with acetabular fracture were 55% (95% CI: 22%-83%) and 68% (95% CI: 53% -81%), respectively. The overall quality score of all included studies was 64.28± 7.43% (R: 56.25 % -81.25%), with seven studies below 60%. In most cases, Recoveries of sciatic nerve injury occur within 2-24 months after any open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Conclusion: This review estimates SNI incidence with acetabular fracture and recoveries rates. However, this study fails to report the association of SNI with specific acetabular fracture types due to insufficient reported data across eligible studies
Regeneration of Cartilage Tissue by Comparing the Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials during ADSCs Differentiation
Authors: Ghiasi Mahdieh
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Human adipose-derived stem cells have shown chondrogenic differentiation for cartilage engineering. In the present study, we evaluated different scaffolds for chondrogenic differentiation of Human adipose-derived stem cells. Methods: cells were cultured and chondrogenic differentiation was investigated in Polycaprolactone, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Fibrin glue scaffolds by MTT, Real time and histology. Results: Cell proliferation and collagen levels in Platelet Rich Plasma scaffolds were significantly higher than other scaffolds. The levels of Sox9 and col II were up regulated in Platelet Rich Plasma. Histological examination revealed that the pores of the scaffolds were filled cells. Conclusion: The results show that 3D Platelet Rich Plasma scaffolds provide a better environment for chondrogenic differentiation than others.
Bird Electrocution and Collisions with Power Infrastructure in Elgazeira, Kassala and Gadarif States, Sudan
Authors: Elbadawi Hussien Mohamed Elmekki Ali
Published: February 2023

This study was conduct ed at Elgazeira, kassala and Gadarif states, covered two seasons in exception of Gadarif state studied in the last season only. The first season from 28/6/2015 to 6/7/2015, and another season from 24 December 2015 - 6 January 2016, to assess the bird's mort ality caused by the power lines . Objectives of this study are: Describe types of killer power lines, and determine numbers of bird species, that are killed by collisions or electrocutions. There were 43 lines traversed in the study area, as follow: 20 line s in the Gaziera state, 9 lines in Gadarif and 14 in kassala. Line transects was adopted to cover the targeted lines. Types of these lines that used were 11 Kilo volte, 33 kilo volte, and 66 kilo volte. Lines were intensive studied by four members under an d at the both sides of the line to cover about twenty meters at each side. Dead birds found at an area of 20 meters beneath the line recorded by location using GPS, then classified and documented by digital camera, a photo taken for the poles with its surr ound habitat. Electrocuted birds distinguished by the signs like burning, injures or the location of the birds from the pole. Dead birds after been registered collected to avoid replication. Number of dead birds was 357 individuals classified into 23 spec ies most are member of the order Falconiformes which comprised a total of 257 individuals, about 72 % of the whole percentage. The proportion of Ciconiiformes was 64 individuals of 18%. Less proportion was Passeriformes and Charadriiformes. Electrocuted bir ds were 301 individuals 84.3% higher than collition 56 birds 15.7%. It should be noticed that birds of prey were more affected by power lines mainly at Kassala state, Lesser kestrel 20.7%, Black kite 16.3% Common kestrel 15.1% while Pied crow suffere d more in Gaziera state 31 individuals of 8.7%. The total number of birds not reflects the exact real because there are many factors such as Scavengers and carnivores or removing by ploughing or humans.
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Type a Virus Infection in Poultry, A Review
Authors: ME Blate
Published: February 2023

Avian influenza (Bird flu) is a highly infectious disease caused by an Orthomyxovirus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. Avian influenza viruses are classified in the genus influenza virus A that infects wide variety of domestic and wild animal species. Aquatic birds are the natural hosts of avian influenza viruses as asymptomatic carriers. Mode of transmission of this virus in poultry flock is through ingestion, inhalation and mechanical transmissions and its clinical signs are variable. Avian influenza is distributed worldwide. According to disease severity avian influenza is classified into two forms: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) also known as fowl plague, and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). HPAI viruses are highly virulent representing the greatest concern for public health and economic importance and categorized as List a disease by OIE. Diagnosis mainly depends on isolation and identification of viruses. Serological tests and RT-PCR are also used. The disease is not treatable except trials for secondary microbial complications. Biosecurity is the most useful method for prevention and control.
Doubting the Impartiality: Constitutional Court Judges and Conflict of Interest
Authors: Rishan Idul
Published: February 2023

The Constitutional Court ruling on the third amendment to the Law on the Constitutional Court is worth discussing. In the judicial review, the justices judged a case in which they have interests. The interests are related to a requirement for being a Constitutional Court justice, term of office for Constitutional Court justices, and term of office for the chief justice and deputy chief justice. Can they be impartial? This study is aimed at three things. First, analyzing their interpretation through legal annotation. Second, identifying impacts the ruling has on the Constitutional Court. Third, providing a road map for judicial review related to Constitutional Court judges. This is mixed legal research using primary and secondary data. This study has found that the judges are not impartial due to conflict of interest. They have compromised universal principles of the judiciary. For the sake of impartiality, they should not be judges in their own cause. Instead, the Supreme Court should have the authority to review legislation on them.
Government’s Role After the 374/PDT.G/LH/2019/PN.JKT.PST Decision concerning Jakarta’s Air Pollution in the Context of Environmental Recovery
Authors: Naiborhu Netty , Josua Hari M
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Purpose of the study: This study aims to realize state responsibility through implementing government authority to court decisions in restoring the right to a good and healthy environment.
Method: This study utilized a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and decision analysis.
Results: In the settlement of environmental disputes, the error-based recovery approach aims to create fair law enforcement.
Applications of this study: This research serves as a reference for the government in making policies and dispute resolution. Hence, the settlement of environmental disputes is not only based on errors but also risk. 
Novelty/ Originality: Mechanisms for resolving environmental issues will be discovered through environmental recovery, allowing the law to work for the benefit of humankind. Thus, the law is not solely anthropocentric but also ecocentric following the environmental recovery approach.
Keywords: State Responsibility, Government Authority, Environmental Recovery
The Urgency of Judge's Legal Reasoning in Deciding on an Environmental Crime Case Based on an Ecocentric Approach (Review of Case Decision No. 640/PID.B/LH/2021/PT PBR)
Authors: Jiwanti Ainun , Soponyono Eko
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aims to analyze how the legal reasoning of the Pekanbaru High Court Judge in Decision No. 640/PID.B/LH/2021/PT PBR, and at the same time reviewing decisions at the previous level and show how important the judge's legal reasoning is based on an ecocentric approach in deciding environmental crime cases.
Methods: This type of research is a normative law using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches.
Findings: The panel of judges of the Pekanbaru High Court granted the defendant's appeal, PT. Gandaerah Hendana because Article 98 paragraph (1) of the PPLH (Environmental Protection and Management) Law that the public prosecutor indicted is a material offense that must be linked to its formal elements (Article 108 of the PPLH Law). It differs from the opinion of the Rengat District Court panel of judges, which stated that because the meaning of "action" in Article 98 paragraph (1) of the PPLH Law is so broad, the action can be in any form as long as the consequences stipulated in the formulation of the offense occurred. The action in question does not only do prohibited things but also includes not carrying out legal obligations (omission offenses). Since the burned land is the defendant's right to cultivate area, PT. Gandaerah Hendana, the process of extinguishing the fire on the land is the responsibility of the defendant, PT. Gandaerah Hendana. In this regard, the ecocentric approach in judges’ legal reasoning is urgent because, so far, the positivistic-formal and anthropocentric approaches have made judges only oriented to human interests. With an ecocentric approach, judges will pay attention to environmental sustainability when deciding the case being examined so that judges will produce outputs in the form of pro-environmentally oriented decisions.
Benefits: The results of this study are expected to enrich references for academics and become input for law enforcers, especially judges, about the importance of legal reasoning based on an ecocentric approach in deciding environmental crime cases.
Novelty: The discussion in this study will provide a perspective and explanation of how an ecocentric approach as the basis for legal reasoning for judges can create decisions and enforce environmental laws oriented towards the environment.
Judge Considerations Of The Corruption Decision Of Social Aid For Covid-19 Disaster Mitigation From The Perspective Of Anti-Corruption Principles
Authors: Nugroho Sigit , Rohmatiah Ahadiati , Mutmainah
Published: February 2023

Purpose of the study (Tujuan): The purpose of this study is to analyze the judge's judgment on the corruption decision of the social aid for COVID-19 disaster mitigation from the perspective of anti-corruption principles.
Methodology (Metodologi): This research method employed normative research, sourced from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials.
Results (Temuan): anti-corruption principles which include accountability, transparency, fairness, policy, and policy control, are to prevent external factors causing corruption. Regarding the COVID-19 disaster mitigation, early prevention and disaster mitigation are required as a series of efforts to reduce disaster risk, through both physical development and awareness and capacity building to encounter the threat of disasters. One of which is through social aid to the community due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the review of the judge's decision No.29/Pid-Sus/TPK/2021/PN Jkt. Pst, what incriminated the defendant who was sentenced to 12 years in prison is a crime of corruption undertaken when the country combated the disaster emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that the defendant was a state official who is supposed to be a good role model. Meanwhile, the mitigating factor is that the defendant has suffered enough due to the insults he received from the community even though the defendant is not necessarily guilty. Thus, this has hurt the sense of justice in society. Learning from the corruption case of social aid during the pandemic, judges considered that a leader should not violate the principles of anti-corruption morality so that the integrity of the anti-corruption leadership does not match expectations.
Applications of this study (Kegunaan): It is to give law enforcers insight on what types of judicial decisions may hurt society’s trust and sense of justice. It is to give a non-exemplary case of judicial decisions that failed to provide a deterrent effect to criminal actors.
 Novelty/ Originality of this study: It provides an analysis on the judge's judgment on the corruption decision of the social aid for COVID-19 disaster mitigation from the perspective of anti-corruption principles
MANNHEIMIOSIS IN GOATS AND SHEEP
Authors: Chernykh O. Yu. , Shevchenko A. A. , Mishchenko V. A. , Mishchenko A. V. , Shevchenko L. V. , Toropyno A. V. , Manakova A. Yu.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the analysis results of sheep’s and goats’ examinations, care and feeding conditions at various farms of the Krasnodar Region unfavourable in terms of the upper respiratory tract infectious diseases. The sick animals clinical study data, the pathoanatomical changes found at autopsy on dead small ruminants, the laboratory research results have been noted. The clinical signs in sick goats and sheep were manifested by fever, cough, flux of mucous exudate from the nose. At autopsy on dead animals the lobular fibrinous bronchopneumonia with coagulative necrosis, the fibrinous pleurisy were found; the exudate in the alveolar tissue of the lungs and edema were detected, and when cut, a marble appearance of the lungs. The causative agent Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from the pathological material taken from corpses of dead goats and sheep. Upon the analysis of examinations it was proved that in case of viral infections the efficiency of the respiratory system defence mechanisms weaken, causing colonisation by microbes of Mannheimia haemolytica species. The Mannheimia haemolytica microorganism in ruminants is nasopharynx and upper respiratory system commensal. Under normal conditions the Mannheimia haemolytica microorganism might not always cause the infectious disease in small cattle. The occurrence of this disease at the farms depends on the presence of various predisposing factors related to the deterioration of feeding and care conditions. All this confirms that mannheimiosis is a factorial disease.