bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source attribution of human Campylobacter infection: a multi-country model in the European Union
Authors: Thystrup Cecilie , Brinch Maja Lykke , Henri Clementine , Mughini-Gras Lapo , Franz Eelco , Wieczorek Kinga , Gutierrez Montserrat , Prendergast Deirdre M. , Duffy Geraldine , Burgess Catherine M. , Bolton Declan , Alvarez Julio , Lopez-Chavarrias Vicente , Rosendal Thomas , Clemente Lurdes , Amaro Ana , Zomer Aldert L. , Grimstrup Joensen Katrine , Nielsen Eva Møller , Scavia Gaia , Skarżyńska Magdalena , Pinto Miguel , Oleastro Mónica , Cha Wonhee , Thépault Amandine , Rivoal Katell , Denis Martine , Chemaly Marianne , Hald Tine
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Infections caused by Campylobacter spp. represent a severe threat to public health worldwide. National action plans have included source attribution studies as a way to quantify the contribution of specific sources and understand the dynamic of transmission of foodborne pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter. Such information is crucial for implementing targeted intervention. The aim of this study was to predict the sources of human campylobacteriosis cases across multiple countries using available whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and explore the impact of data availability and sample size distribution in a multi-country source attribution model.

Methods

We constructed a machine-learning model using k-mer frequency patterns as input data to predict human campylobacteriosis cases per source. We then constructed a multi-country model based on data from all countries. Results using different sampling strategies were compared to assess the impact of unbalanced datasets on the prediction of the cases.

Results

The results showed that the variety of sources sampled and the quantity of samples from each source impacted the performance of the model. Most cases were attributed to broilers or cattle for the individual and multi-country models. The proportion of cases that could be attributed with 70% probability to a source decreased when using the down-sampled data set (535 vs. 273 of 2627 cases). The baseline model showed a higher sensitivity compared to the down-sampled model, where samples per source were more evenly distributed. The proportion of cases attributed to non-domestic source was higher but varied depending on the sampling strategy. Both models showed that most cases could be attributed to domestic sources in each country (baseline: 248/273 cases, 91%; down-sampled: 361/535 cases, 67%;).

Discussion

The sample sizes per source and the variety of sources included in the model influence the accuracy of the model and consequently the uncertainty of the predicted estimates. The attribution estimates for sources with a high number of samples available tend to be overestimated, whereas the estimates for source with only a few samples tend to be underestimated. Reccomendations for future sampling strategies include to aim for a more balanced sample distribution to improve the overall accuracy and utility of source attribution efforts.
Genomic characteristics of ST6115 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae coharboring blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4
Authors: Xie Xiaofang , Zhai Yaxuan , Zhu Zhichen , Qian Feinan , Zhu Jie , Gao Qizhao , Du Hong
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study is to characterize the genomic features of ST6115 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) co-harboring blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4.

Methods

The genome sequences of one ST6115 Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) strain and 12 ST17 KP strain were obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS). Subsequently, a phylogenetic analysis was employed to ascertain the clonal relationship of these strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was evaluated through the application of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methodology by the broth microdilution method. Annotation and analysis of the genome enabled the identification of the plasmid structure and the comparative analysis of the genetic background. Finally, the conjugation transfer experiment was conducted to assess the transferability of the plasmid pHD8428-NDM-IMP.

Results

A comparable phylogenetic analysis revealed that ST6115 HD8428 and the majority of ST17 strains (9/12) were clustered on the same clade, which suggests a close relationship between two ST types. Additionally, HD8428 showed particularly close genetic similarity to HD11490, with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference of only 273. The analysis of the antibiotic resistance genes carried by the 13 strains revealed that all strains carry extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. AST revealed that HD8428 exhibited resistance to a diverse range of antibiotics. The blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 genes were identified as being located on the plasmid pHD8428-NDM-IMP. Further analysis demonstrated that the blaNDM-1 gene was present on ΔTn125, while the blaIMP-4 gene was located on In1377-2. The results of the conjugation experiment indicated that plasmid pHD8428-NDM-IMP may pose a risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings.

Conclusion

We report a clinical ST6115 strain HD8428 and identify the coexistence of blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 in the IncHI5 type plasmid pHD8428-NDM-IMP. HD8428 was resistant to a wide range of antibiotics and harbored the transmissible plasmid pHD8428-NDM-IMP, which made it a potential threat to public health. Our study indicates that the healthcare system and services should remain vigilant regarding the spread and prevalence of ST6115.
Sex-specific associations between estimated glucose disposal rate and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Luo Chun , Han Shuang , Shen Xiaoying , Wu Hao , Zhou Jianqing , Liu Bingyang
Published: February 2025

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, but findings within Asian populations have been inconsistent. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its substantial economic burden in China, large-scale longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the complex relationship between IR and cognitive function.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study included 8,734 middle-aged and older adults (median age: 58 years; 53.6% females) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), followed from 2011 to 2018. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) was used to assess IR and was calculated using waist circumference, hypertension status, and HbA1c levels. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on eGDR levels (Tertile 1: lowest; Tertile 3: highest). Cognitive function was calculated as the sum of episodic memory and executive function scores, which was then standardized to a Z-score. Linear mixed-effects models and dose-response analyses were performed to evaluate the association between baseline eGDR and cognitive changes in the total population and stratified by sex.

Results

Higher eGDR levels were significantly associated with slower global cognitive decline (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: β = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.000–0.014; P = 0.047). This association was stronger in females (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: β = 0.011; 95% CI: 0.002–0.021; P = 0.021), while no significant association was observed in males. Dose-response analyses indicated a linear positive relationship between baseline eGDR and global cognitive function in the total population and in females, but not in males. Similar patterns were found for episodic memory and executive function, with significant associations predominantly in females.

Conclusion

Higher eGDR was significantly associated with slower cognitive decline, particularly among women. These findings underscore the potential of eGDR as a marker for identifying and mitigating cognitive decline and highlight the importance of sex-specific strategies to address insulin resistance and promote cognitive health.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond
Authors: Yarahmadi Aref , Dorri Giv Masoumeh , Hosseininejad Reza , Rezaie Azin , Mohammadi Narges , Afkhami Hamed , Farokhi Arastoo
Published: February 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition involving mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction and nerve damage, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality globally. Affecting ~50 million people annually, TBI's impact includes a high death rate, exceeding that of heart disease and cancer. Complications arising from TBI encompass concussion, cerebral hemorrhage, tumors, encephalitis, delayed apoptosis, and necrosis. Current treatment methods, such as pharmacotherapy with dihydropyridines, high-pressure oxygen therapy, behavioral therapy, and non-invasive brain stimulation, have shown limited efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of vascular components is essential for developing new treatments to improve blood vessel-related brain damage. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in repairing and mitigating brain damage. Studies indicate that MSCs can promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis through various mechanisms, including releasing bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which help reduce neuroinflammation. In research, the distinctive characteristics of MSCs have positioned them as highly desirable cell sources. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the regulatory properties of MSCs and their manipulation, tagging, and transportation techniques for brain-related applications. This review explores the progress and prospects of MSC therapy in TBI, focusing on mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, and the challenges and potential limitations of using MSCs in treating neurological disorders.
A multicenter analysis to identify the risk factors for stroke recurrence and mortality within 1 year
Authors: Alraddadi Eman A. , Alotaibi Hashim F. , Alatawi Yasser , Aljabri Ahmed , Alghamdi Ahmed A. , Alturki Fahad , Alamri Faisal F.
Published: February 2025

Background

Stroke recurrence is a serious and prevalent complication of ischemic stroke that warrants additional investigation.

Methods

A hospital-based retrospective observational study included acute-subacute ischemic stroke adult patients. The primary aim was to determine the risk factors associated with recurrent stroke within 365 days. Additionally, a combined outcome consisting of any stroke recurrence or all-cause mortality within 365 days was considered secondary outcome. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were used to examine the association of risk factors with stroke recurrence and composite death/stroke recurrence.

Results

Of 1,244 patients, 112 (9%) experienced stroke recurrence. The multivariable analysis identified risk factors for stroke recurrence including history of previous stroke (HR = 3.65, 95% CI:2.28–5.99, p = 0.0001), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment (HR = 2.84, 95% CI:1.57–4.86, p = 0.0003), seizure (HR = 1.96, 95% CI:1.14–3.22, p = 0.0105), and depression (HR = 2.26, 95% CI:1.33–3.69, p = 0.0016). Only previous stroke history (HR = 2.37, 95% CI:1.74–3.26, p = 0.0001) remained significantly associated with the combined outcome of stroke recurrence/death. Additional risk factors for the composite outcome included older age of patients (HR = 1.02, 95% CI:1.01–1.03, p = 0.0009), admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (HR = 3.70, 95% CI:2.63–5.22, p = 0.0105), pneumonia (HR = 1.47, 95% CI:1.05–2.05, p = 0.0249), and brain edema (HR = 2.36, 95% CI:1.58–3.46, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

Key findings include a stroke recurrence rate of 9.96% and a combined death/stroke recurrence rate of 21.83% within 365 days. Multivariable analysis confirmed that history of stroke, receiving tPA, experiencing seizures, and depression were significantly associated with stroke recurrence. Implementing additional preventive measures for individuals in these high-risk categories is essential. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
Ocrelizumab-induced colitis—critical review and case series from a Romanian cohort of MS patients
Authors: Vodă Ileana Maria , Tiu Vlad Eugen , Răuță Luiza , Ciucur Paul , Mușuroi Andreea Ioana , Tomescu Alina Flavia , Humă Nicoleta Laura , Dobrițoiu Florin , Terecoasă Elena , Negreanu Lucian , Tiu Cristina
Published: February 2025

Background

Widespread use of ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, for treating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), has led to an increase in reported adverse events following real-world observation. Among these, drug-induced colitis is a rare, but severe side effect, prompting a recent FDA statement regarding this safety concern. Objectives: We analyzed a cohort of ocrelizumab treated patients in our MS center to evaluate the incidence of drug-induced colitis.

Methods

We present a critical review of the available literature on diagnosis and management of anti-CD20 induced colitis and display a case series of 3 suspected patients in our cohort.

Results

Two patients met the full criteria for ocrelizumab-induced colitis, while a third partially met the criteria. Following symptomatic treatment and discontinuation of ocrelizumab, the patients showed favorable outcomes.

Conclusion

Ocrelizumab-induced colitis is a rare, but severe adverse event. Its incidence may be higher than expected, reaching 1,95% in our cohort of MS patients. Further reporting of such cases is essential to broaden our understanding of this side effect.
Multimodal abnormalities of brain function in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Chen Xingyao , Chen Nuo , Lai Peng , Sun Yiqi , Yu Jie , Xin Ming , Zhu Deliang , Liang Fanrong , Song Qian , Cheng Shirui , Li Zhengjie
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Neuroimaging investigations into chronic low back pain (CLBP) have detected functional abnormalities across a spectrum of brain regions, yet the findings have often been inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, we integrated the existing data, delineating a pattern of coherent results from the encompassed studies.

Methods

A systematic search of neuroimaging studies investigating the brain activity differences between CLBP and Healthy controls (HCs) was conducted in seven databases up to December 22, 2024. An anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM)-based meta-analysis was carried out to report the results and perform a multimodal analysis.

Results

A total of 20 publications reporting on 24 experiments in this meta-analysis. The ReHo meta-analysis showed abnormal spontaneous activity of left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right precuneus, right fusiform gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG) in CLBP patients. The ALFF meta-analysis demonstrated functional alterations in the right rolandic operculum (extending to the right insula and right IFG), left ITG, left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), left paracentral lobule, left PoCG and bilateral cuneus cortex in CLBP patients. The results of the functional group meta-analysis revealed that patients with CLBP displayed new decreased functional activity in the right thalamus, right precentral gyrus (PreCG) and right lingual gyrus.

Conclusion

Patients with CLBP exhibit extensive multimodal functional neuroimaging abnormalities, involving brain regions related to pain perception, emotional processing, cognitive functions, and both the visual and motor cortices. These meta-analysis findings might provide a valuable reference for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for CLBP in the brain.
Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics using multi-phase contrast-enhanced CT for diagnosis of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Ye Yongsong , Weng Bei , Guo Yan , Huang Lesheng , Xie Shanghuang , Zhong Guimian , Feng Wenhui , Lin Wenxiang , Song Zhixuan , Wang Huanjun , Liu Tianzhu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To construct diagnostic models that distinguish renal oncocytoma (RO) from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) using intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features from the corticomedullary phase (CMP) and nephrographic phase (NP) of computed tomography, and compare model results with manual and radiological results.

Methods

The RO and CRCC cases from five centers were split into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). CMP and NP intratumoral and peritumoral (1–3 mm) radiomic features were extracted. Segmentation was performed by radiologists and software. Features with high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC>0.75) were selected through univariate analysis, followed by the LASSO method to determine the final features for the SVM model. All images were assessed by two radiologists, and radiological reports were also examined. The diagnostic performances of the different methods were compared using several statistical methods.

Results

The training set had 65 cases (29 RO, 36 CRCC) and the validation set had 27 cases (12 RO, 15 CRCC). All the training models had excellent performance (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.828–0.942); the AUC values of the validation models ranged from 0.900 (Model 4) to 0.600 (Model 2). CMP models (AUC: 0.811–0.900) generally outperformed NP and fusion models (AUC: 0.728–0.756). SVM models (sensitivity: 62.50–88.89%; specificity: 63.16–77.78%; accuracy: 62.96–81.48%) outperformed manual diagnosis (sensitivity: 46.74–70.59%; specificity: 41.67–46.34%; accuracy: 52.27–59.78%). The clinical reports alone had no diagnostic value.

Conclusion

CMP intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models reliably distinguished RO from CRCC.
Prognostic value of circulating Chromogranin A in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaoying , Liu Zhenyu , Song Liangdong , Zhu Huixuan , Su Shuai , Wang Delin
Published: February 2025

Background

There are discrepancies between the results of different studies regarding the prognostic role of circulating Chromogranin A (CgA) in prostate cancer. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the available findings to explore the value of circulating Chromogranin A in the prognosis of prostate cancer.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases for studies on the relationship between CgA and survival outcomes in prostate cancer from inception until December 2024, and we focused on articles detecting circulating CgA, with the primary endpoints of the studies being overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

Of the 2049 articles retrieved, 10 articles met our inclusion criteria, involving a total of 1445 patients. Elevated circulating CgA was associated with poorer OS (HR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.38–2.41; p<0.001) and PFS (HR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.42–2.94; p<0.001). However, no correlation was found between post-treatment circulating CgA changes and OS (HR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.66–1.37; p=0.767).

Conclusion

Circulating CgA is a predictive marker of poor survival outcomes in prostate cancer However, the sample size of the current study is small and larger studies are needed to further validate this in the future.
Healing synchrony? potential benefits of interpersonal synchrony for chronic pain management
Authors: Świdrak Justyna
Published: February 2025

Fibromyalgia is called a pathology of misconnection at the neurophysiological, psychological, and social levels, and is characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, which is accompanied by a series of symptoms, such as chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, body perception disturbances, and cognitive deficits. In this article, I argue that interventions that in various ways enhance interpersonal neural synchronisation (INS) may bring long-term benefits to people with fibromyalgia (PwF). In the first part, I briefly introduce studies on INS in the general population. In the second part, I hypothesise that interpersonal synchrony may contribute to symptom reduction for individuals with fibromyalgia, in the sense that repeated experience of being in sync with others may play a role in restoring both the brain-body and self-others connection in this population and consequently result in simultaneous lasting improvement of wellbeing. In the final part, I discuss potential future research directions.
Diagnostic interval of inflammatory bowel disease in Chinese children and its relationship with growth parameters: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Juan , Chen BinRong , Wang ZhiCheng , Liu Li , OuYang HongJuan , Luo YanHong , Zhang WenTing , Liu ChenXi , Zhan MeiZheng , Duan JiaQi , Li CanLin , Jiang Na , You JieYu , Zhao HongMei
Published: February 2025

Background

Delayed diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common in Europe and North America, with limited research in Asia. We aimed to investigate factors influencing delayed diagnosis of IBD in Chinese children and the impact of delayed diagnosis on growth.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Clinical data on children with IBD were collected through electronic medical records. The diagnostic interval includes the time from symptom onset to hospital admission and admission to diagnosis. Diagnostic delay was defined as the upper quartile of the time interval from the first symptom to the diagnosis of IBD. For the effect on growth indicators, the length of follow-up was at least 3 months from diagnosis.

Results

This study included 222 children with IBD, predominantly with Crohn's disease (86.0%). Approximately one-quarter of children require more than 366 days to be diagnosed with IBD, primarily due to the extended interval between the onset of initial symptoms and hospital admission. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that fever was associated with a prolonged time interval from first symptom onset to admission and the odds ratio (OR) was 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.94]. Age and bloody stools were associated with prolonged intervals from admission to diagnosis, with ORs of 0.84 (95% CI 0.77–0.92) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.14–0.94), respectively. Delayed diagnosis was associated with height at first admission and follow-up. Children with a delayed diagnosis had a 5.87-fold higher chance of growth retardation upon initial admission compared to children without a delayed diagnosis (95% CI 1.59–24.05). After 15.7 months of follow-up, this elevated risk remained (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.00–10.50).

Conclusion

Delayed diagnosis is common in Chinese children with IBD and is associated with persistent height impairment.
Toxicological landscape of Fuzi: a comprehensive study on the spatial distribution of toxicants and regional neurotoxicity variability in zebrafish
Authors: Pan Xiaoqi , Liang Tianyu , Feng Han , Liu Weiying , Mou Qiaoxin , Yan Xiaoyu
Published: February 2025

Fuzi, a Chinese herb widely used in clinical settings, exhibits varying levels of toxicity depending on its geographical origin. Diester-type alkaloids are the primary contributors to the toxicity of Fuzi. This study aims to investigate regional differences and underlying mechanisms of Fuzi-induced neurotoxicity across China. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) method was employed to map the spatial distribution of six key diester-type alkaloids from Fuzi samples originating from five major regions. The results showed that the diester-type alkaloids were primarily distributed in the cuticle of Anguo- and Ludian-Fuzi, in the cuticle, cork, and pith of Butuo-Fuzi, in the phloem and pith tissues of Chenggu-Fuzi, and in the cuticle, cork, inner phloem, and pith of Jiangyou-Fuzi. When zebrafish were exposed to a Fuzi decoction for 24 h, it was observed that Jiangyou-Fuzi induced the most significant neurobehavioral abnormalities, lipid peroxidation damage, and aberrant neurotransmitters release. RNA sequencing analysis further indicated that the amino acid metabolism, ErbB, cGMP-PKG, and p53 signaling pathways-regulated by changes in the expression of Glub, Mao, GAB1, PRKG1B, PSEN2, and BAXα genes were disrupted to varying extents by Fuzi from different origins. In summary, the regional variability in the neurotoxicity of Fuzi can be attributed to differences in the distribution of its active compounds and underlying mechanisms. Among the samples tested, Jiangyou-Fuzi exhibited the highest neurotoxicity, followed by Anguo-, Chenggu-, Ludian-, and Butuo-Fuzi.
Discovering broad-spectrum inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 variants: a cheminformatics and biophysical approach targeting the main protease
Authors: Alqahtani Safar M.
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 still lacks effective antiviral drugs. Therefore, a thorough receptor-based virtual screening study was conducted to screen different natural and synthetic drug libraries, such as the Asinex Antiviral, Seaweed Metabolite Database, Medicinal Fungi Secondary Metabolite and Therapeutics Library, and Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database comprising 6,827, 1,191, 1,830, and 45,000 compounds, respectively, against the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, three drug molecules (BBB-26580140, BDE-32007849, and LAS-51378804) are highlighted as the best binding molecules to the main protease S1 pocket. The docking binding energy scores of BBB-26580140, BDE-32007849, and LAS-51378804 were −13.02, −13.0, and −12.56 kcal/mol, respectively. Compared to the control Z1741970824 molecule with a binding energy score of −11.59 kcal/mol, the lead structures identified herein showed robust hydrophilic and van der Waals interactions with the enzyme active site residues, such as His41 and Cys145, and achieved highly stable binding modes. The simulations showed a stable structure of the main protease enzyme with the shortlisted leads in the pocket, and the network of binding interactions remained intact during the simulations. The overall molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation binding energies of the BBB-26580140, BDE-32007849, LAS-51378804, and control molecules are −53.02, −56.85, −55.44, and −48.91 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, the net molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area binding energies of BBB-26580140, BDE-32007849, LAS-51378804, and control are −53.6, −57.61, −54.41, and −50.09 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding entropy energies of these systems showed lower free energies, indicating their stable nature. Furthermore, the binding energies were revalidated using the water swap method that considers the role of the water molecules in bridging the ligands to the enzyme active site residues. The compounds also revealed good ADMET properties and followed all major rules of drug-likeness. Thus, these compounds are predicted as promising leads and can be subjected to further experimental studies for evaluation of their biological activities.
Advances in plant male sterility for hybrid seed production: an overview of conditional nuclear male sterile lines and biotechnology-based male sterile systems
Authors: Vasupalli Naresh , Mogilicherla Kanakachari , Shaik Vahab , Rao K. R. S. Sambasiva , Bhat Shripad R. , Lin Xinchun
Published: February 2025

Male sterility forms the foundation of hybrid seed production technology in field crops. A variety of genetically controlled male sterility/fertility systems starting with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), genic male sterility (GMS) including conditional male sterility and transgenic-based male sterility have been developed and deployed for heterosis breeding over the past century. Here we review environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) and biotechnology-based male sterility systems and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms. Advances in crop genomics and discovery of a large number of nuclear genes governing anther/pollen development, which are shared across species, are helping design diverse types of male sterile lines suitable for different crop species and situations. In particular, gene editing offers quick and easy route to develop novel male sterility systems for hybrid seed production. We discuss the advantages and challenges of biotechnology-based male sterility systems and present alternative strategies to address concerns of transgenics. Finally, we propose development of functional male sterility systems based on pollen competition as the future area that holds great promise for heterosis breeding.
Spouses’ personalities and marital satisfaction in Chinese families
Authors: Jia Li , Antonides Gerrit , Liu Zhuomin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Considering the traditional Confucian values prevalent in Chinese society, we study the effects of the spouses’ personalities and household sociodemographic circumstances on the marital satisfaction of marriage partners.

Methods

We evaluate the factors that contribute to marital satisfaction, using the 2018 wave of the Chinese Family Panel Survey, including 6,603 households. We use information on both spouses’ Big-Five personality traits, and marital satisfaction. In addition, the effects of the household’s sociodemographic factors on the spouses’ marital satisfaction are estimated. We employ the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to estimate the effects, using simultaneous equation modeling.

Results

We find significant actor effects of personality, i.e., agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and extroversion, but few partner effects on marital satisfaction. In addition to other socioeconomic effects, we find strong actor effects of subjective social status on marital satisfaction for both spouses. The wife’s level of education had a negative effect on her marital satisfaction.

Discussion

The effects of the spouses’ personalities and sociodemographic circumstances on their marital satisfaction fit the Confucian values fostered in China. The wife’s double burden of having a job and taking care of household duties, negatively affecting her marital satisfaction, may be alleviated by proper government policies.
Social context affects sequence modification learning in birdsong
Authors: Fortkord Lioba , Veit Lena
Published: February 2025

Social interactions are crucial for imitative vocal learning such as human speech learning or song learning in songbirds. Recently, introducing specific learned modifications into adult song by experimenter-controlled reinforcement learning has emerged as a key protocol to study aspects of vocal learning in songbirds. This form of adult plasticity does not require conspecifics as a model for imitation or to provide social feedback on song performance. We therefore hypothesized that social interactions are irrelevant to, or even inhibit, song modification learning. We tested whether social context affects song sequence learning in adult male Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata domestica). We targeted specific syllable sequences in adult birds’ songs with negative auditory feedback, which led the birds to reduce the targeted syllable sequence in favor of alternate sequences. Changes were apparent in catch trials without feedback, indicating a learning process. Each experiment was repeated within subjects with three different social contexts (male–male, MM; male–female, MF; and male alone, MA) in randomized order. We found robust learning in all three social contexts, with a nonsignificant trend toward facilitated learning with social company (MF, MM) compared to the single-housed (MA) condition. This effect could not be explained by the order of social contexts, nor by different singing rates across contexts. Our results demonstrate that social context can influence degree of learning in adult birds even in experimenter-controlled reinforcement learning tasks, and therefore suggest that social interactions might facilitate song plasticity beyond their known role for imitation and social feedback.
Understanding the misophonic experience: a mixed method study
Authors: Ozuer Yesim , Cima Rilana , Kestens Elke , Van Diest Ilse
Published: February 2025

Misophonia is a poorly understood condition in which intense distress is experienced in response to mostly orofacial stimuli. To better understand why specifically anger and disgust seem to characterize this distress, we investigated meanings conveyed by misophonic trigger stimuli in two studies. Study 1 explored these meanings and emotions in two small focus groups (n = 3, n = 5) of misophonia sufferers. Four meaning—themes were generated based using reflexive thematic analysis: “intrusion,” “violation,” “offense,” and “lack of autonomy.” Also, four emotional reaction themes were constructed: “anger/defensive rage,” “disgust,” “fear,” and “safety behaviors.” Study 2 aimed to corroborate the findings of Study 1 in a large, independent sample. To this end, misophonia symptom severity was assessed in 431 young adults using the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-Miso-S). Participants rated the extent to which the meanings and reactions identified in Study 1 matched their experiences with prototypical misophonic trigger stimuli. The meanings showed a positive, moderate correlation with misophonia symptom severity and accounted for 35.15% of the variance in A-Miso-S scores. An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors explaining 50% of the variance in the meanings and reactions. Factor 1, “Avoidance of intrusive/disgusting stimuli” had high and unique loadings on avoidance, intrusion, and disgust. Factor 2, “Autonomy/Violation,” had high and unique loadings on violation, lack of autonomy, offense, and defensive rage. These findings suggest that the meanings of intrusion, violation, and lack of autonomy are inherent to the misophonic experience, with potential implications for treatment strategies.
Music-based interventions using digital technology for individuals with acquired brain injuries: a scoping review
Authors: Yu Huiyuan , Lu Xin , Kim Soo Ji
Published: February 2025

Background

The use of digital technology in music-based interventions for individuals with brain injuries has gained traction, especially post COVID-19, in addressing the need for effective, long-term rehabilitation. This scoping review examines the landscape of digital music-based interventions, focusing on their application in motor and cognitive rehabilitation for patients with brain injuries.

Methods

We conducted a literature search using five academic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Twenty-six studies met the predefined criteria for inclusion in this review, and these studies were analyzed including digital interventions used.

Results

Twenty-six of 1994 studies were included. Results demonstrated a clear evolution in intervention methodologies, with earlier research focusing on rhythmic and MIDI-based tools, while more recent studies integrated virtual reality, augmented reality, and adaptive feedback mechanisms. The findings showed significant improvements in motor functions, such as upper limb movement and gait, in most of the reviewed studies, as well as some cognitive benefits, particularly when personalized music interventions were applied. However, challenges were noted regarding device complexity, cost, and inconsistent assessment methods across studies.

Discussion

Digital music-based interventions show substantial promise in enhancing motor and cognitive function for individuals with neurological impairments. Nevertheless, barriers such as technological accessibility, the need for patient comfort, and a lack of standardization in assessment remain. Future research should focus on simplifying interfaces, standardizing protocols, and exploring hybrid interventions that combine immersive virtual reality with the adaptability of music therapy to create holistic, patient-centered rehabilitation solutions.
Differences in EEG complexity of cognitive activities among subtypes of schizophrenia
Authors: Qi Hang , Zou Jilin , Yao Zhenzhen , Zhao Gaofeng , Zhang Jing , Liu Chunlei , Chen Min
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The neural mechanisms that underpin cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. Previous studies have typically treated patients as a homogeneous group, despite the existence of distinct symptom presentations between deficit and non-deficit subtypes. This approach has been found to be inadequate, necessitating separate investigation.

Methods

This study was conducted at Daizhuang Hospital in Jining City, China, from January 2022 to October 2023. The study sample comprised 30 healthy controls, 19 patients with deficit schizophrenia, and 19 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, all aged between 18 and 45 years. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a change detection task. The NeuroScan EEG/ERP System, comprising 64 channels and utilising standard 10-20 electrode placements, was employed to record EEG signals. The multiscale entropy and sample entropy of the EEG signals were calculated.

Results

The healthy controls demonstrated superior task performance compared to both the non-deficit (p < 0.001) and deficit groups(p < 0.001). Significant differences in multiscale entropy between the three groups were observed at multiple electrode sites. In the task state, there are significant differences in the sample entropy of the β frequency band among the three groups of subjects. Under simple conditions of difficulty, the performance of the healthy controls exhibited a positive correlation with alpha band sample entropy(r = 0.372) and a negative correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = -0.411). Deficit patients demonstrated positive correlations with alpha band sample entropy (r = 0.370), whereas non-deficit patients exhibited negative correlations with both alpha and beta band sample entropy (r = -0.451, r = -0.362). Under difficult conditions of difficulty, the performance of healthy controls demonstrated a positive correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = 0.486). Deficit patients exhibited a positive correlation with alpha band sample entropy (r = 0.351), while non-deficit patients demonstrated a negative correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = -0.331).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that cognitive impairment in specific subtypes of schizophrenia may have distinct physiological underpinnings, underscoring the need for further investigation.
Inpatient dialectical behavior therapy combined with trauma-focused therapy for PTSD and borderline personality disorder symptoms: study design of the naturalistic trauma therapy study
Authors: Kamstra Annemieke C. , de Vries Sybolt O. , Brilman Maarten F. , Vasilev Petty , Alma Manna A. , van Asselt Antoinette D. I. , De Wolf Mia , Schoevers Robert A. , Jörg Frederike
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Childhood traumatization can result in physical and mental health problems in adulthood, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which negatively influences quality of life and social functioning. Although evidence based trauma treatments benefit clients with PTSD after childhood abuse and comorbid personality disorders, they are less effective than in clients who were traumatized in adulthood, and drop-out is substantial. The current study aims to assess the effects of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy combined with prolonged exposure (DBT-PTSD) on severity of PTSD, dissociation, parasuicidal behavior and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clients with severe PTSD and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Secondary outcomes are social functioning, quality of life, borderline and cluster C personality disorder symptoms as treatment predictors, treatment trajectories, clients’ experiences and health economic consequences.

Methods

The naturalistic, longitudinal Trauma Therapy Study is conducted from January 2019 until May 2025 in a mental healthcare center in the Netherlands. Clients with severe PTSD and comorbid conditions who are referred to inpatient DBT-PTSD are included into the study. Based on power analyses a total sample size of N=56 is needed. Measurements take place before the waiting list period, at pre- and posttreatment and at six- and twelve-months follow-up. Clients fill in a daily DBT-PTSD diary, which gives insight into individual symptom trajectories.

Results

Statistical analyses include two-sided paired samples t-tests, linear mixed model analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses. Qualitative interviews are conducted within two years posttreatment and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. We correct for chance capitalization by using a conservative α-level of.01. Multiple imputation is used to handle missing data.

Discussion

Research on the effects of integrated treatment programs for clients with severe PTSD and co-morbid conditions is scarce. This study extends current knowledge on the effects of inpatient DBT-PTSD on PTSD and BPD symptoms, clients’ social functioning and quality of life. In addition, it provides insight into individual symptom trajectories and experiences, inspiring future treatment improvements for clients with severe psychopathology.

Trial registration

Medical Ethical Committee approval (NL669060018, RTPO1044/01.10.2018). Preregistration: Dutch registration database Centrale Commissie Mensgebonden Onderzoek and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NL-OMON46167/01.10.2018/https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL-OMON46167).
Internet use and self-rated health among Chinese older adults: the role of social engagement and social support
Authors: Li Pei-Qi , Sun Guo-Yuan , Zhao Xue-Xue , Hu Zheng-Xin , Gan Kai-Peng
Published: February 2025

This study examines how social engagement and social support affect association between internet use and older adults' self-rated health in Kunming. An analysis of 518 community-dwelling older adults reveals that internet use significantly enhances their self-rated health. Social engagement mediates this relationship, while social support strengthens the beneficial impact of social engagement on self-rated health. Additionally, social support amplifies the mediating role of social engagement, suggesting that greater social support enhances the benefits of social engagement on health outcomes. Our findings emphasize the significance of fostering social engagement and providing robust social support to improve older adults' health.
Feasibility of HIV self-test implementation among Mizo youths: a field investigation from Northeast India bordering Myanmar
Authors: Rao Amrita , Pachuau Henry Zodinliana , Panda Samiran , Chawngthu Richard L. , Zomuanpuii Rita , Hemade Pranoti , Nirmalkar Amit
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigated the potential of HIV self-test (HIVST) to reach individuals who otherwise might not access testing or antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study had two main objectives: (a) to develop an HIV self-test implementation plan based on the findings from qualitative inquiries with local stakeholders and (b) to examine HIVST uptake among youths in the urban setting of Aizawl district in Mizoram.

Methodology

In the first phase, qualitative in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with HIV program officials, religious leaders, community influencers, youths, and key population groups. These inquiries guided the planning of strategic communication, community engagement, HIVST delivery, and linkages with HIV confirmatory testing services in phase two. Factors associated with the non-uptake of HIV confirmatory tests by youths following HIVST were analyzed quantitatively. Additionally, secondary data collected from attendees of the “Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre” (ICTC) were also analyzed.

Results

The in-depth interviews underscored the need to introduce HIVST among Mizo youths. The respondents emphasized the importance of diverse outreach approaches and communication strategies, including the use of social media platforms, as critical components for successful HIVST implementation. They also provided valuable insights on the optimal locations and methods for making HIVST kits accessible. Among the youths who used HIVST, the majority were first-time testers (1,772/2,101; 84.3%). Those diagnosed with an undiagnosed HIV infection were started on ART. The preference for the blood-based HIVST format (1,162/2101; 55%) was noted to be slightly higher than the saliva-based format. Confirmatory test uptake was significantly higher among those with sero-reactive HIVST results (χ2 23.89; p < 0.001). Factors independently associated with (adjusted odds ratio; AOR with 95% CI) “no-show for HIV confirmatory tests,” which hold significant programmatic implications, included “age > 20 years (1.47; 1.18–1.82),” “gender (men)” (1.25; 1.01–1.55), “education below 10th standard” (5.16; 2.66–10.01), “no prior HIV testing experience” (2.12; 1.61–2.81), and “unwillingness to undergo HIV confirmatory testing” (2.85; 2.05–3.96). Individuals who opted for the blood-based HIVST were 23% less likely (AOR 0.77; 95% CI; 0.62–0.96) to drop out of the HIV confirmatory testing process. Additionally, only 1% of respondents perceived HIVST as having self-harm potential.

Conclusion

Sustained community engagement, effective networking with HIV program officials, and strategic communication were three critical pillars supporting the successful implementation of HIVST. There was a significant increase in HIVST uptake among young first-time testers.
A nomogram to predict sarcopenia in middle-aged and older women: a nationally representative survey in China
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Chen Zihao , Dai Xinxin , Jiang Liyao , Dai Liyan , Zhao Yu
Published: February 2025

Background

Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by losing muscle mass, strength, and function with age. Studies have shown that sarcopenia is generally higher in women than in men. Therefore, this study used the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data to explore further the risk factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese women.

Methods

In this study, data from the 2015 CHARLS database were analyzed, comprising 7,805 eligible participants. Participants were categorized into either the sarcopenia group (n = 2,160) or the non-sarcopenia group (n = 5,645) based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Through the utilization of logistic regression analysis, multiple risk factors were identified. Additionally, the predictive value of these risk factors was assessed by applying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsequently, a visual nomogram prediction model was developed by incorporating the identified risk factors into R4.1.2 software.

Results

Age, area, education, marriage, waist circumference, stroke, body pain, depression, and region may be closely related to Chinese women with sarcopenia. In addition, this study integrated these sarcopenia-related variables into a comprehensive index, and ROC analysis results showed that the AUC of the composite index was 0.738.

Conclusions

This study found that sarcopenia in Chinese women may be closely related to age, waist, education, marriage, area, stroke, physical pain, depression, and region. In addition, this study constructs a nomogram to help clinicians better screen potential female patients with sarcopenia.