bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Effect of Ultrasound‐Guided Iliopsoas Peritendinous Corticosteroid Injection
Authors: Han Julie S. , Sugimoto Dai , McKee‐Proctor Maxwell H. , Stracciolini Andrea , d'Hemecourt Pierre A.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Treatment for iliopsoas tendinopathy includes ultrasound (US)‐guided iliopsoas peritendinous corticosteroid injection. Evidence is lacking regarding US‐guided iliopsoas injection efficacy in patients with iliopsoas tendinopathy and intra‐articular (IA) hip abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of US‐guided iliopsoas corticosteroid injection for iliopsoas tendinopathy in patients with and without IA hip abnormalities.

Methods

This work was a prospective study evaluating patients aged 12 to 50 years with iliopsoas tendinopathy. Participants completed a Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire before and 6 weeks after injection. The main outcome measure was the change in HOOS subcategory scores. Independent variables included time and hip status. Normal hips were compared to abnormal hips with IA abnormalities. A 2‐way repeated measures analysis of covariance with effect size (η2) was used to determine injection effects on HOOS scores before and 6 weeks after injection.

Results

A total of 178 patients (154 female and 24 male) were analyzed. Time effects were found for both normal and abnormal hips in all HOOS subcategories: symptoms (P = .041; η2 = 0.050), pain (P = .001; η2 = 0.184), activities of daily living (P = .011; η2 = 0.076), function in sports and recreation (P = .001; η2 = 0.151), and quality of life (QOL; P = .001; η2 = 0.193). Significant differences between normal versus abnormal hips were found in the sports and recreation (P = .032; η2 = 0.056) and QOL scores (P = .001; η2 = 0.135).

Conclusions

In patients with iliopsoas tendinopathy, US‐guided iliopsoas corticosteroid injection improved outcomes regardless of coexisting IA hip abnormalities. Patients without IA hip abnormalities showed greater improvement in sports and recreation and QOL scores compared to patients with IA hip abnormalities. Ultrasound‐guided iliopsoas injection for iliopsoas tendinopathy may advance short‐term care and help continue with nonsurgical treatment regimens.
Nutrient limitation constrains thermal tolerance in freshwater phytoplankton
Authors: Bestion Elvire , Schaum C‐Elisa , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel
Published: October 2018

Thermal tolerance can depend critically on environmental context (e.g., resource availability and biotic interactions), yet it is often measured only under idealized conditions. Here, we investigated how the concentration of phosphate (a limiting resource for algal growth in freshwater ecosystems) influences the thermal optimum for growth rate in five species of freshwater phytoplankton. We found that low‐phosphate concentrations led to a sharp decline in species’ thermal optima, by up to 15°C relative to replete conditions, with the magnitude of the decline varying between species. Rapid global environmental change is expected to lead to rising temperatures, while nutrient concentrations in freshwaters are forecast to increase in waterbodies subject to eutrophication and decline in large lentic systems that become warmer and more stratified. Our findings suggest that phytoplankton that experience warming and nutrient limitation concurrently will be more vulnerable to environmental change.
MXene‐Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All‐Optical Modulator and Switcher
Authors: Wu Leiming , Jiang Xiantao , Zhao Jinlai , Liang Weiyuan , Li Zhongjun , Huang Weichun , Lin Zhitao , Wang Yunzheng , Zhang Feng , Lu Shunbin , Xiang Yuanjiang , Xu Shixiang , Li Jianqing , Zhang Han
Published: October 2018

Two‐dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx (T = F, O, or OH) MXene, a graphene‐like material, is successfully fabricated for an investigation in nonlinear optics. Its nonlinear refractive index (n2 ≈ 10−4 [cm2 W−1]) and third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (≈ 10−7 [e.s.u.]) are experimentally confirmed by spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) techniques. Applying its strong Kerr effect, a novel all‐optical switcher based on 2D MXene is designed to realize the modulation of pump light to probe light. This indicates that MXene could act as an information converter in an optical light‐control‐light system. Meanwhile, probe light is induced by the pump light to excite diffraction rings, and the ring numbers of the probe light can be controlled to increase by the regulation of the other pump light. Through modulation of the pump light, the “ON” and “OFF” modes in the all‐optical switcher/modulator can be achieved. This work highlights the potential of Ti3C2Tx MXene materials applied in all‐optical switcher/modulators, which can be considered an important step toward MXene‐based advanced photonics devices.
Venous super‐drained posterior interosseous artery flap for dorsal hand defects
Authors: Sönmez Erhan , Aksam Ersin , Durgun Mustafa , Karaaslan Onder
Published: October 2018

Background

Posterior interosseous artery flap PIAF is one of the most preferred reconstructive options for upper extremity defects. As a reverse flap, venous congestion is always a threatening factor. In this report authors aimed to present their experience with venous super‐drained posterior interosseous artery flap VS‐PIAF.

Methods

Between January 2013 to September 17, 2017 patients were treated with VS‐PIAF. Tumor excision, trauma, traffic accident, burn contracture release, and industrial injuries were the causes of defects. Defects were located on the dorsum of the hand, first web space, ulnar and radial side of the hand, and the palm. All the defects were reconstructed with a VS‐PIAF, which a distal superficial end‐to‐end venous anastomosis was added to overcome venous congestion problems.

Results

The flap sizes were between 5 × 7 cm and 8 × 12 cm. All the flaps have survived completely without any early or late complications. No venous problems were seen. The donor areas were healed uneventfully. The mean follow‐up time was 15.3 months. The results of reconstructions were satisfactory, no functional restrictions was seen.

Conclusion

The major drawback of PIAF is venous congestion problems that can be manageable with adding a distal superficial end‐to‐end venous anastomose. VS‐PIAF is a robust, much safer and easy‐to‐learn reconstructive method for upper extremity defects.
Convolution theorems associated with some integral operators and convolutions
Authors: Al‐Omari Shrideh K. Q. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: October 2018

In this article, various convolution theorems involving certain weight functions and convolution products are derived. The convolution theorems we obtain are more general, convenient, and efficient than the complicated convolution theorem of the Hartley transform. Further results involving new variants of generalizations of Fourier and Hartley transforms are also discussed.
Radiation properties of graphene‐based optically transparent dipole antenna
Authors: Kosuga Shohei , Suga Keisuke , Suga Ryosuke , Watanabe Takeshi , Hashimoto Osamu , Koh Shinji
Published: October 2018

The radiation properties of a graphene‐based optically transparent half‐wavelength dipole antenna in microwave bands was investigated. The resonance frequencies of a reference Au antenna and a graphene antenna having the same antenna structures were 9.5 and 21.6 GHz, respectively, owing to the difference in conductivity. Despite the low conductivity of graphene, the gain of the graphene antenna was 1 dB higher than that of the Au antenna. We also showed the feasibility of using graphene‐based optically transparent antenna through the measurements of transmission characteristics between two graphene antenna.
Novel structure and design of enhanced‐bandwidth hybrid quadrature patch coupler
Authors: Bekasiewicz Adrian , Koziel Slawomir
Published: October 2018

A novel structure and design optimization procedure of an enhanced‐bandwidth hybrid quadrature patch coupler is proposed. Improved performance of the circuit has been obtained by parameterizing the coupler sections using splines, which introduces additional degrees of freedom. Due to computational complexity of the parameter adjustment problem, a sequential design procedure is applied. In each iteration, a selected number of spline control points is used and their radial coordinates are optimized. The design found this way is then used as a starting point for the next iteration with an increased number of spline control points. The final design parameterized by 20 control points exhibits over 50% bandwidth at the operational frequency of 10 GHz, and acceptable footprint of 13.8 mm × 15.7 mm.
A dual‐band antenna for extending cellular coverage by using energy‐harvesting strategy
Authors: Dhoore K. , Expósito I. , Cuiñas I. , Verhaevert J.
Published: October 2018

The widespread use of sensor nodes forces a straightforward, low‐cost, and easy‐to‐implement design of these nodes. Instead of using separate batteries and antennas, this letter proposes a dual‐band microstrip antenna for both communication and energy‐harvesting applications. The energy required for the sensor node is harvested from the broadcast television band and then used in the cellular phone communication band. A previous design of a circular polarized broadband patch antenna is adapted and optimized for the defined requirements with the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite. The simulations helped in an antenna design with a reflection coefficient below −10 dB in the 600 MHz ‐ 700 MHz television frequency band for the energy harvesting. Furthermore, the antenna is also able to operate in the 850 MHz cellular mobile phone communication band, in order to provide coverage in shadowed remote areas or even to be of use for the transmission of the sensor data. The final design is prototyped and then characterized through the measurement of the reflection coefficient.
A single session of visual feedback improves range of motion in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain: A randomized and controlled study
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Silva Anabela G.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Chronic pain is associated with cortical reorganization, and interventions targeting cortical remapping, such as visual feedback of the painful body segment, seem promising. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of visual feedback of the neck, using mirrors on pain intensity. Secondary aims were to evaluate the impact of visual feedback on neck range of motion and unadjusted cognitive processes.

Methods

Pain intensity, range of motion, fear of movement, catastrophizing and anxiety were assessed before and after 10 repetitions of each of the neck movements, with (experimental group; n = 21) and without (control group; n = 21) visual feedback of the neck.

Results

A significant increase in the range of motion of all neck movements (p < 0.05) was found in the experimental group when compared with the control group. Increases in range of motion varied between 2.5° and 3.4°. No significant effects were found for the remaining variables (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that performing a series of 10 active movements of the neck while observing the reflection of the neck in a mirror might help to improve neck range of motion. Furthermore, our results support further studies investigating the effect of longer interventions using visual feedback of the neck, either alone or combined with other interventions.
Does type of well drilling matter for local governments' fund balances?
Authors: Choi Intae
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the type of wells drilling in Pennsylvania matters to the fund balance of local governments in Pennsylvania. After conducting one‐way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis equality‐of‐populations rank test, the median value of fund balance of local governments have differences by the type of wells drilling. This result can suggest that the local governments of Pennsylvania should consider how to levy the level of impact fee to the companies operating wells for extracting shale gas. In other words, it should be designed more systemically by the type of wells drilling in Pennsylvania.
Survival and characteristics of pediatric salivary gland cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zamani Martin , Grønhøj Christian , Schmidt Jensen Jakob , von Buchwald Christian , Charabi Birgitte Wittenborg , Hjuler Thomas
Published: October 2018

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies from 2000 to 2017 including children aged 0‐19 with salivary gland cancer was performed. In 19 studies, 749 children (median age of 14.2 years, female to male ratio of 1.4:1) were included; 72% had parotid tumors and 95% underwent surgery, of whom 65% had surgery alone and 24% with adjuvant radiotherapy. Low‐grade and stage mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most frequent cancer. The 5‐year overall‐ and disease‐free survival was 94% and 83%. Recurrence was observed in 20% at a median of 1.1 years from diagnosis.
Dynamic pressure control in VARTM: Rapid fabrication of laminates with high fiber volume fraction and improved dimensional uniformity
Authors: Yalcinkaya M. Akif , Sozer E. Murat , Altan M. Cengiz
Published: October 2018

The compaction pressure on the fibrous preform is one of the most critical parameters in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), which significantly affects the preform permeability, mold filling time, and final thickness of the fabricated composite. In this study, the compaction pressure on the vacuum bag was controlled during and after the mold filling to achieve rapid impregnation and improve the fiber volume fraction of the laminate. It was shown that the dynamic pressure control (1) enabled the manipulation of the fabric permeability and faster distribution of the resin to decrease the mold filling time, (2) improved the dimensional uniformity of the laminate by reducing the thickness variation, and (3) increased the fiber volume fraction by further consolidating the preform and removing the excess resin. One of the most essential and prominent features of the process was shown to be the resin removal from the inlet by applying external pressure, which reduced the thickness variation in laminates from 15 to 1%. The mold filling time was reduced by 48% compared with conventional VARTM, while achieving a high fiber volume fraction up to 64% and a low void content of below 1%. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2482–2494, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Multiscale modeling and tensile behavior analysis of uniaxial reinforced warp‐knitted composites
Authors: Li Jie , Yan Ying , Tian Ziyang , Hong Yang , Ye Jinxin , Guo Fangliang
Published: October 2018

A parameterized unit cell model of uniaxial reinforced warp‐knitted composites is established through Python programs. The knitting yarns in tricot organization and the Stich Yarn induced fiber Distortions (SYDs) are considered in the model. The phenomenon of uneven fiber content around the SYD areas is described using a hierarchical multiscale model. Longitudinal tensile experiments are performed on this material, and the results are consistent with the numerical prediction. The initial damage is mainly caused by the fiber fracture near the SYD areas, and the matrix between reinforcing yarns tends to crack along the fiber direction. The binding function of knitting yarns in the manufacturing process is highlighted through a failure mechanism comparison with the traditional uniaxial reinforced composites. The parameter analysis indicates that the content of knitting yarns has negative effects on the tensile properties of the material. In addition, the layer thickness has a positive effect on the longitudinal tensile stiffness and strength. These findings can be valuable guides for structural design and manufacture of warp‐knitted composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2510–2522, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Compositional changes of the floral scent volatile emissions from Asian skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius, Araceae) over flowering sex phases
Authors: Oguri Suguru , Sakamaki Kensuke , Sakamoto Hikaru , Kubota Kikue
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Flowering of the Asian skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius, Araceae) shows a sequential expression of female, bisexual and male sex phases. The protogynous thermogenic inflorescence has unpleasant odours, but the contributing chemical composition is poorly understood.

Objective

To determine the volatile composition of odour emissions from each S. renifolius flowering phase.

Methodology

The dynamic headspace method was used to collect floral volatiles from six intact S. renifolius inflorescences in their natural habitat. Collected volatiles from the three flowering phases were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O).

Results

Female‐phase inflorescences were characterised by an earthy‐rotten‐minty odour, while male‐phase inflorescences typically exhibited a rotten‐oily odour. Approximately 160 compounds were detected in volatiles from the three phases. Common to all phases were 3‐methylbutyl 3‐methylbutanoate, 1,8‐cineole, dimethyl disulphide and sabinene, together accounting for 52 to 54% of total volatiles. GC–MS/O revealed that at least 28 volatiles including eight S‐containing compounds contributed to the unpleasant odour of S. renifolius. Among them, dimethyl disulphide (onion‐like), methional (potato‐like), and the tentatively identified methyl dithioformate (garlic‐like) were intense odour‐active compounds in each floral phase. Additionally, 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine (IPMP) was a major contributor to the earthy odour that was characteristic of the female phase.

Conclusions

No marked changes were observed in floral volatile compositions over the three flowering phases of S. renifolius. Instead, flower phase‐dependent proportional changes of minor components (e.g. IPMP and 2,3‐butanedione) altered the odour characteristics between the female and male phases.
Managing PV power injection and storage, enabling a larger direct consumption of renewable energy: A case study for the Belgian electricity system
Authors: Meuris Marc , Lodewijks Pieter , Ponnette Raf , Meinke‐Hubeny Frank , Valkering Pieter , Belmans Ronnie , Poortmans Jef
Published: October 2018

An overall model and scenario for increasing the share of renewable electricity consumption in the Belgium grid is proposed by simulating different PV and home battery capacities. The model is balancing the electricity generation of these renewable sources on an hourly basis with the historical consumption profiles of 2014, 2015, and 2016 to estimate how much renewable energy can be consumed directly. The model considers the problem of potential overloads on the low voltage grid, by limiting with curtailment the total PV injection on the low voltage grid to a level that can be currently sustained. A simple algorithm for grid injection limitation of this curtailment during daytime and nighttime is proposed, with and without the use of batteries. The share of renewable electricity consumption is calculated, investigating the impact of battery sizing and different levels for the power injection limit. Above a certain level, additional battery capacity has no effect. With increasing total PV deployment, the optimal power injection limit is reduced. A realistic and effective deployment scenario for renewable electricity from wind and PV is developed (up to 9 GW wind and 50 GWp PV for the Belgian case). It is possible to reach a share of consumed renewable electricity of almost 50% with a curtailment of 9% without the use of batteries. With higher PV deployment and a minimal amount of home battery capacity (1.5 kWh/kWp), a 70% share of consumed renewable energy is realized, with a curtailment of less than 20%.
Quality of life and psychological distress in cancer survivors: The role of psycho‐social resources for resilience
Authors: Harms Craig A. , Cohen Lynne , Pooley Julie Ann , Chambers Suzanne K. , Galvão Daniel A. , Newton Robert U.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To examine the association between scores on the Protective Factors for Resilience Scale (PFRS) (as a measure of a person's psycho‐social resources for resilience) and quality of life as well as symptoms of psychological distress for adult cancer survivors.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 295 cancer survivors (59% female) provided background demographic information and completed the PFRS as well as measures of quality of life and psychological distress previously validated with cancer survivors. Most of the survivors were diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer.

Results

Analysis of the data confirmed the factor structure for the PFRS for cancer survivors. While controlling for Body Mass Index and age, psycho‐social resources were a unique and positive predictor for all quality of life measures as well as being a unique and negative predictor for the measures of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization). There was a high degree of consistency regarding these findings for male and female survivors.

Conclusions

The PFRS is a brief and valid measure of psycho‐social resources for resilience in adult cancer survivors, and scores on the PFRS proved to be a good predictor of quality of life and psychological distress of these cancer survivors. Using the PFRS to assess the psycho‐social resources for resilience would be helpful when developing interventions to enhance the psychological health of adults as they adapt to a diagnosis of cancer.
Comparing high and low levels of continuous positive airway pressure on lung aeration in patients with pleural drainage: A feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: dos Santos Elinaldo da Conceição , Pontes Campos Achiles Eduardo , do Carmo Odielson Ferreira , Lunardi Adriana Claudia
Published: October 2018

Objective

We explored the feasibility of use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with 15‐ and 4‐cmH2O for a randomized controlled trial with patients with pleural drainage.

Methods

Ten patients with traumatic pleural effusion drained within 24 hr, with controlled pain received randomly CPAP with 0‐, 4‐, and 15‐cmH2O. Computed tomography was used to assess the lung aeration. Patients reported the level of tolerability. Air leak was also observed as a parameter of safety. The levels of pressure were compared using the Friedman test followed by the Tukey test as post hoc.

Results

The lung area under CPAP with 15 cmH2O (median = 3,913 mm2; IQR = 3,416–4,390 mm2) was greater than 4 (median = 3,495 mm2; IQR = 3,075–3,954 mm2) and 0 cmH2O (median = 3,382 mm2; IQR = 2,962–3,658 mm2; p < 0.001). There was no difference between lung areas under CPAP with 4 and 0 cmH2O. All levels of pressure were well tolerated by patients. No air leak was observed during the assessments.

Conclusion

CPAP with 15 cmH2O is able to expand lungs of patients with pleural drainage. CPAP with 4 cmH2O seems not have therapeutic effect. In addition, CPAP with 15 cmH2O is well tolerated and safe in this population.
Evidence for Molybdenum‐Hydrogen Bonding in p‐Type Silicon upon Annealing under Illumination
Authors: Mullins Jack , Markevich Vladimir P. , Halsall Matthew P. , Peaker Anthony R.
Published: October 2018

Transition metals (TMs) are common contaminants in solar silicon produced by block casting or using lower grade polysilicon feedstock. Gettering can effectively remove certain metals, but slow diffusing TMs can remain and act as highly efficient recombination centers. One method to reduce their recombination activity is hydrogen passivation, however, this is generally ineffective in p‐type silicon, in which hydrogen and TMs are typically both in positive charge states. Recent studies have suggested that under illumination, the charge state of hydrogen in silicon can be altered, and its bonding with certain defects can be enhanced. In this work, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), Laplace DLTS, and capacitance‐voltage measurements are used to study TM‐H bonding in p‐type silicon intentionally contaminated with Mo and hydrogenated via remote H plasma. It is found that heat‐treatments at moderate temperatures (<250 °C) under illumination with an LED at 850 nm result in a reduction in the concentration of electrically active Mo, with no similar reduction seen in samples annealed in the dark. The passivated fraction of Mo can be recovered after dark annealing at temperatures >200 °C. The results obtained provide evidence that upon heat‐treatments with illumination Mo‐H bonding in p‐type Si occurs. Possible mechanisms of the observed effects are discussed.
Negative Environmental Expansion for Interconnected Array of Rings and Sliding Rods
Authors: Lim Teik‐Cheng
Published: October 2018

Materials and structures are exposed to simultaneous fluctuations in temperature, pressure, and moisture in the environment, which result in additional stresses and strains in addition to mechanical loadings. This paper develops the effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), coefficient of moisture expansion (CME), and compressibility for the interconnected array of ring and sliding rod structures made from conventional materials, wherein conditions that lead to negative thermal expansion (NTE), negative moisture expansion (NME) and negative compressibility (NC) – and hence the negative environmental expansion (NEE) – are established. The above‐mentioned coefficients shift toward negative values as the ratio of ring‐to‐rod expansivity increases. The established effective CTE, CME, and compressibility not only permit the requirements for NTE, NME, and NC to be ascertained, but also allow the less restrictive condition of zero environmental expansion to be implemented in the design of materials and structures, without requiring zero CTE, CME, and compressibility.
Developing and deploying a tethered robot to map extremely steep terrain
Authors: McGarey Patrick , Yoon David , Tang Tim , Pomerleau François , Barfoot Timothy D.
Published: October 2018

Mobile robots outfitted with a supportive tether are ideal for gaining access to extreme environments for mapping when human or remote observation is not possible. This paper is a field report covering both the development and field testing of our Tethered Robotic eXplorer (TReX) to map a steep, tree‐covered rock outcrop in a gravel mine. TReX is a mobile robot designed for the purpose of mapping extremely steep and cluttered environments for geologic and infrastructure inspection. In comparison to other systems, our design improves tethered mobility by enabling rotational freedom on steep slopes using a center‐pivoting tether management payload. To map the terrain, we leverage the rotation of an actuated tether spool with an attached two‐dimensional (2D) lidar, which rotates to both manage tether and produce 3D scans. Given that mapping requires vehicle motion, we also evaluate two existing, real‐time approaches to estimate the trajectory of the robot and rectify motion distortion from individual scans before alignment into the map: (a) a continuous‐time, lidar‐only approach that handles asynchronous measurements using a physically motivated, constant‐velocity motion prior, and (b) a method that computes visual odometry from streaming stereo images to use as a motion estimate during scan collection. Once rectified, individual scans are matched to the global map by an efficient variant of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. Our results include a comparison of estimated maps and trajectories to ground truth (measured by a remote survey station), an example of mapping in highly cluttered terrain, and lessons learned from the design and deployment of TReX.
Rapid evaluation of the Voigt function and its use for interpreting X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic data
Authors: Sherwood Peter M.A.
Published: October 2018

While the Voigt function is recognized as the best function to represent the photoelectron spectroscopic process, it is less frequently used because it cannot be represented as an analytical function and thus has to be evaluated numerically. This paper shows how the true Voigt function can be calculated rapidly with approximately the same speed as pseudo‐Voigt functions by using approaches that have been used by the astronomical sciences community. The Voigt function is calculated using code previously published by Wells. The paper describes a method for calculating the function to generate photoelectron peaks for curve fitting X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic data. An appendix is provided with the listing of a Fortran 90 program which uses the subroutine HUMDEV published by Wells. Examples of using this approach for the fitting of experimental core X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic data are presented, and the fits compared with fits using a pseudo Voigt product function. The use of the true Voigt function in the calculation of spectra in the core and valence band region is also described and illustrated by comparing the calculated spectra with experimental spectra.
A model‐driven framework to enhance the consistency of logical integrity constraints: Introducing integrity regression testing
Authors: Nooraei Abadeh Maryam , Ajoudanian Shohreh
Published: October 2018

Although the importance of models continuously grows in software development, common development approaches are less able to integrate the automatic management of model integrity into the development process. These critically important constraints may ensure the coherence of models in the evolution process to prevent manipulations that could violate defined constraints on a model. This paper proposes an integrity framework in the context of model‐driven architecture to achieve sufficient structural code coverage at a higher program representation level than machine code. Our framework offers to propagate the modifications from a platform‐independent specification to the corresponding test template model while keeping the consistency and integrity constraints after system evolution. To examine the efficiency of the proposed framework, a quantitative analysis plan is evaluated based on two experimental case studies. In addition, we propose coverage criteria for integrity regression testing (IRT), derived from logic coverage criteria that apply different conceptual levels of testing for the formulation of integrity requirements. The defined criteria for IRT reduce the inherent complexity and cost of verifying complex design changes in regression testing while keeping the fault detection capability with respect to the changes. The framework aims to keep pace with IRT in a formal way. The framework can solve a number of restricted outlooks in model integrity and some limiting factors of incremental maintenance and retesting. The framework satisfies several valuable quality attributes in software testing, such as safety percentage, precision, abstract fault detection performance measurable coverage level, and generality.
Mathematical Description of the Microstructural Modifications and Changes in the Mechanical Properties during Spheroidization of Medium‐Carbon Steel
Authors: Guk Sergey , Kawalla Rudolf , Prahl Ulrich
Published: October 2018

A set of experiments is carried out to clarify the microstructure development during an intercritical spheroidization process in AISI 1045 ferritic–perlitic steel, as well as its structure‐property relationships at room temperature. Microstructures with a distinctive combination of fine spheroidized carbide particles within a ferrite matrix are created through different heat‐treatment combinations. The validation and evaluation of the accuracy of the spheroidizing kinetics and particle coarsening, as well as the prediction of tensile properties of the investigated material, are carried out based on the common empirical and empirical‐physical models. Some of the models are then adapted for the material. Quantitative analyses reveals that not all of the model‐based predictions correlate well with the experimental measurements. Such instances are associated with the peculiarities of the investigated material.
CD276 (B7-H3) Maintains Proliferation and Regulates Differentiation in Angiogenic Function in Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Son YeonSung , Kwon Sang-Mo , Cho Je-Yoel
Published: October 2018

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide an important source of recovery from blood vessel dysfunction. Late EPCs (LEPCs) are circulating blood cells that are capable of promoting vascular repair. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified distinctive LEPC profiles and found that CD276 (B7-H3) mRNA is strongly expressed in LEPCs. CD276 protein is present abundantly on the cell surface of LEPC when analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and immunocytochemistry. CD276, a B7 family member, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein. The role of CD276 in LEPCs remains unknown. CD276 knockdown by lentivirus transduction in LEPCs significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of LEPCs in vitro. After CD276 silencing, the cell cycle of LEPCs was prone to remain at the G0/G1 phase, and the cell migration rates as well as transwell and wound-healing migration were decreased. CD276 knockdown in LEPCs increased the G1 phase regulators cyclin D2/D3/E1-cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2/4/6), but decreased the S-G2-M phase regulators cyclin A/B-CDK1. However, LEPCs with CD276 knockdown resulted in increased tube formation in vitro and angiogenesis in a Matrigel plug assay in vivo. FoxC1/C2, an upstream signal of Notch in arterial cell proliferation, and Hey1/2, which is known to promote arterial differentiation in the vasculature, were upregulated in CD276 knockdown LEPCs. In LEPCS, CD276 has a positive effect on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, but negative effects on angiogenesis, particularly endothelial cell differentiation. Our data indicate, for therapeutic purpose, that CD276 can be used to acquire and maintain cell populations of LEPCs and blocking CD276 will promote angiogenetic differentiation. We found that CD276 (B7-H3) is enriched on the cell membrane of LEPCs. CD276 knockdown reduced proliferation and migration of LEPCs by increasing cell cycle inhibitors such as p21cip1 and pRb and decreasing pErk1/2 and pAkt but promoted angiogenesis and endothelial cell differentiation by elevating vascular endothelial growth factor-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and p-p38. Stem Cells  2019;37:382–394
Electromagnetic Relationship between Microwaves and Flow Reactor Systems
Authors: Sugiyama Jun‐ichi
Published: October 2018

One of the important points in handling microwaves is that the order of magnitude is decimeter order. Laboratory equipment is not too big for wavelength, so intensity nonuniformity may occur. Another important point is that microwave propagation changes with material parameter changes. To heat material in the planned shape, the consideration with electromagnetism about the equipment and the system will be necessary. Herein, the phenomena which should be considered when a flow reactor is irradiated with a microwave is described.
Investigation of the Kinetic Stabilization of a Ce4+‐based MOF by in‐situ Powder X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Heidenreich Niclas , Waitschat Steve , Reinsch Helge
Published: October 2018

We herein investigated the synthesis of the Ce4+‐based metal‐organic framework [Ce6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(PZDC)4(OH)4(H2O)4] denoted as Ce‐DUT‐67‐PZDC (where DUT stands for Dresden University of Technology and PZDC2– stands for 3,5‐pyrazoledicarboxylate) by in‐situ powder X‐ray diffraction methods under solvothermal conditions using synchrotron radiation. It was observed that the obtained MOF is rapidly formed between 120 and 140 °C, but only as an intermediate product in this preparative system. After prolonged reaction times, Ce4+ is reduced to Ce3+ and reacting with formic acid from the reaction mixture to form the final product [Ce(O2CH)3]. During the formation of trivalent cerium formate, the Ce(IV)‐MOF completely re‐dissolves. Based on the composition of the reaction mixture and the recorded data, a plausible reaction mechanism was established. This mechanistic scheme includes a reversible precipitation of the Ce(IV)‐MOF under the given conditions and the reduction of Ce4+ by formate anions generated via hydrolysis of the solvent dimethylformamide.
Narrative and Cognitive Modelling: Insights from Beckett Exploring Mind’s Complexity
Authors: Bernini Marco
Published: October 2018

Complex systems exacerbate a common problem for scientific enquiry: the difficulty of creating models able to discriminate fundamental elements or patterns from random behaviours or corollary components in the event or process at issue. This chapter argues that a similar tension between order and randomness has been a chief modelling problem of Samuel Beckett’s narratives, tied to his interest in a specific kind of complex system (the mind) and its emergent properties (consciousness and the narrative sense of self). Bulding on narratology, complex system frameworks, cognitive theories of emergence and of scientific modelling, this chapter introduces the idea of “fictional cognitive modelling”. Through this concept, the chapter analyses Beckett’s treatment of narrative devices as formal tools for the creation of “exploratory models” able to atomise the emerging unity of conscious experience and of a narrative sense of self into its core components (defined as the “narrative dynamic core”). It concludes by suggesting that Beckett’s narrative method shows how literature can occupy a proper position in the investigation and exploration of complex systems.
Flowing from 16 to 32 supercharges
Authors: Buican Matthew , Laczko Zoltan , Nishinaka Takahiro
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We initiate a study of an infinite set of renormalization group flows with accidental supersymmetry enhancement. The ultraviolet fixed points are strongly interacting four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

superconformal field theories (SCFTs) with no known Lagrangian descriptions, and the infrared fixed points are SCFTs with thirty-two (Poincaré plus special) supercharges.
Leptogenesis via neutrino oscillation magic
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kitano Ryuichiro , Yin Wen
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The possibility of generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via flavor oscillation in the early Universe is discussed. After the inflation, leptons are born in some states, travel in the medium, and are eventually projected onto flavor eigenstates due to the scattering via the Yukawa interactions. By using the Lagrangian of the Standard Model with the Majorana neutrino mass terms, llHH, we follow the time evolution of the density matrices of the leptons in this very first stage of the Universe and show that the CP violation in the flavor oscillation can explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In the scenario where the reheating is caused by the decay of the inflaton into the Higgs bosons, the baryon asymmetry is generated by the CP phases in the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix and thus can be tested by the low energy neutrino experiments.
On instabilities of scalar hairy regular compact reflecting stars
Authors: Peng Yan
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study the system constructed by charged scalar fields linearly coupled to asymptotically flat horizonless compact reflecting stars. We obtain bounds on the charge of the scalar field, below which the scalar hairy star is expected to suffer from nonlinear instabilities. It means that scalar hairy regular configurations are unstable for scalar fields of small charge. For the highly-charged star, there are also bounds on radii of regular compact reflecting stars. When the star radius is below the bound, the hairy star is always unstable.
The $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation of quantum field theory as random geometry
Authors: Cardy John
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We revisit the results of Zamolodchikov and others on the deformation of two-dimensional quantum field theory by the determinant det T of the stress tensor, commonly referred to as

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

. Infinitesimally this is equivalent to a random coordinate transformation, with a local action which is, however, a total derivative and therefore gives a contribution only from boundaries or nontrivial topology. We discuss in detail the examples of a torus, a finite cylinder, a disk and a more general simply connected domain. In all cases the partition function evolves according to a linear diffusion-type equation, and the deformation may be viewed as a kind of random walk in moduli space. We also discuss possible generalizations to higher dimensions.
Leptonic WIMP coannihilation and the current dark matter search strategy
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Thamm Andrea
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We discuss the extent to which models of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dark Matter (DM) at and above the electroweak scale can be probed conclusively in future high energy and astroparticle physics experiments. We consider simplified models with bino-like dark matter and slepton-like coannihilation partners, and find that perturbative models yield the observed relic abundance up to at least 10 TeV. We emphasise that coannihilation can either increase or decrease the dark matter relic abundance. We compute the sensitivity of direct detection experiments to DM-nucleus scattering, consider indirect detection bounds and estimate the sensitivity of future proton colliders to slepton pair production. We find that current and future experiments will be able to probe the Dirac DM models up to at least 10 TeV. However, current and future searches will not be sensitive to models of Majorana dark matter for masses above 2 or 4TeV, for one or ten coannihilation partners respectively, leaving around 70% of the parameter space unconstrained. This demonstrates the need for new experimental ideas to access models of coannihilating Majorana dark matter.
Charged lepton flavor violation and electric dipole moments in the inert Zee model
Authors: Gaviria Alexandra , Longas Robinson , Zapata Óscar
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The inert Zee model is an extension of the Zee model for neutrino masses to allow for a solution to the dark matter problem that involves two vector-like fields, a doublet and a singlet of SU(2)
L
, and two scalars, also a doublet and a singlet of SU(2)
L
, all of them being odd under an exact Z
2 symmetry. The introduction of the Z
2 guarantees one-loop neutrino masses, forbids tree-level Higgs-mediated flavor changing neutral currents and ensures the stability of the dark matter candidate. Due to the natural breaking of lepton numbers in the inert Zee model and encouraged by the ambitious experimental program designed to look for charged lepton flavor violation signals and the electron electric dipole moment, we study the phenomenology of the processes leading to these kind of signals, and establish which are the most promising experimental perspectives on that matter.
Linear-T resistivity at high temperature
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Niu Chao , Kim Keun-Young
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The linear-T resistivity is one of the characteristic and universal properties of strange metals. There have been many progresses in understanding it from holographic perspective (gauge/gravity duality). In most holographic models, the linear-T resistivity is explained by the property of the infrared geometry and valid at low temperature limit. On the other hand, experimentally, the linear-T resistivity is observed in a large range of temperatures, up to room temperature. By using holographic models related to the Gubser-Rocha model, we investigate how much the linear-T resistivity is robust at higher temperature above the superconducting phase transition temperature. We find that strong momentum relaxation plays an important role to have a robust linear-T resistivity up to high temperature.
Women and ‘the philosophical personality’: evaluating whether gender differences in the Cognitive Reflection Test have significance for explaining the gender gap in Philosophy
Authors: Easton Christina
Published: October 2018

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is purported to test our inclination to overcome impulsive, intuitive thought with effortful, rational reflection. Research suggests that philosophers tend to perform better on this test than non-philosophers, and that men tend to perform better than women. Taken together, these findings could be interpreted as partially explaining the gender gap that exists in Philosophy: there are fewer women in Philosophy because women are less likely to possess the ideal ‘philosophical personality’. If this explanation for the gender gap in Philosophy is accepted, it might be seen to exonerate Philosophy departments of the need to put in place much-needed strategies for promoting gender diversity. This paper discusses a number of reasons for thinking that this would be the wrong conclusion to draw from the research. Firstly, the CRT may not track what it is claimed it tracks. Secondly, the trait tracked by the CRT may not be something that we should value in philosophers. Thirdly, even if we accept that the CRT tracks a trait that has value, this trait might be of limited importance to good philosophising. Lastly, the causal story linking the gender gap in CRT score and the gender gap in Philosophy is likely to be far more complex than this explanation implies.
Gibbs Samplers for Logistic Item Response Models via the Pólya–Gamma Distribution: A Computationally Efficient Data-Augmentation Strategy
Authors: Jiang Zhehan , Templin Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Fully Bayesian estimation of item response theory models with logistic link functions suffers from low computational efficiency due to posterior density functions that do not have known forms. To improve algorithmic computational efficiency, this paper proposes a Bayesian estimation method by adopting a new data-augmentation strategy in uni- and multidimensional IRT models. The strategy is based on the Pólya–Gamma family of distributions which provides a closed-form posterior distribution for logistic-based models. In this paper, an overview of Pólya–Gamma distributions is described within a logistic regression framework. In addition, we provide details about deriving conditional distributions of IRT, incorporating Pólya–Gamma distributions into the conditional distributions for Bayesian samplers’ construction, and random drawing from the samplers such that a faster convergence can be achieved. Simulation studies and applications to real datasets were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and utility of the proposed method.
Gender differences in giving in the Dictator Game: the role of reluctant altruism
Authors: Klinowski David
Published: October 2018

The Dictator Game has been a helpful tool to study whether men or women are more generous. But recent work suggests that motivations other than generosity also influence behavior in this game. Image concerns and expectations management may cause dictators to “give reluctantly”; that is, to share money with the recipient if asked to, but to renege on their gifts if they can do so without being detected. We provide evidence from two separate experiments that females are more likely than males to give reluctantly in the Dictator Game. After accounting for retraction of gifts, males and females transfer similar amounts to the recipient in expectation. The results suggest that gender differences in non-payoff-related motivations may play a role in producing gender differences in giving in the Dictator Game.