bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric sensor for determination of kojic acid in real samples using carbon paste electrode modified by [Fe(HL)2Cl2] nano-complex and ionic liquid
Authors: Fazli Mahbubeh , Akbarzadeh-T Niloufar
Published: November 2022

A new mononuclear Fe(II) complex with the formula [Fe(HL)2Cl2] (1) (HL= N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-2-methyl aniline) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–Vis and elemental analysis. The spectroscopy analyses revealed the two Schiff base ligands via oxygen and nitrogen atoms and two chloride atoms create an octahedral geometry. The nano-size of [Fe(HL)2Cl2] complex (2) was synthesized by the sonochemical process. Characterization of nano-complex (2) was carried out via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy. The nano-complex (2) average size synthesized via the sonochemical method was approximately 52 nm. In this work, a simple sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with [Fe(HL)2Cl2] nano-complex and the ionic liquid - IL (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) was developed ([Fe(HL)2Cl2] nano-complex-IL/CPE) for convenient and fast electrochemical detection of kojic acid. The modified electrode considerably improves voltammetric sensitivity toward kojic acid compared to the bare electrode. Experimental conditions influencing the analytical performance of the modified electrode were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to kojic acid concentration in the range from 0.3 to 237.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.09±0.001 μM. The [Fe(HL)2Cl2] nano-complex-IL/CPE sensor was successfully applied for the highly sensitive determination of kojic acid in real samples with satisfactory results.
THE LOVE STORY OF LAYLA AND MAJNUN AS A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION FOR THE CREATION OF THE FIRST OPERA IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
Authors: Stróżyńska Beata
Published: November 2022

The story of the unlucky love of Layla and Majnun has stimulated the imagination of artists for almost fifteen hundred years, serving as an inspiration for a growing number of works of art. But it is not merely a simple story of young people who were in love but who were not meant to be together due to the girl’s parents’ objection, which caused the young man to lose himself in his obsessive and self-destructive feelings. The tale of the crazy poet Majnun and his beloved girl also has a deeper meaning to it as it constitutes a pattern for searching one’s own spiritual path resulting from the necessity to renounce simple human desires. The last decades have brought numerous multi-cultural projects based on the story of Layla and Majnun, which proves unflagging interest in this 7th century Bedouin tale; new operas about them have been written as well. This article presents the story of the unlucky poet as the source of inspiration for the creation of the first opera in the world of Islam. It briefly discusses the importance of Bedouin poetry from the first millennium AD, including the story of Layla and Majnun, in the context of the development of classical Arabic poetry, it also signals its impact on the European culture. Apart from that, it presents the composer and the circumstances in which the first operatic work ever created in the Muslim world – the work being part of the mugham trend – was written.
Boosting-based model for solving Sm-Co alloy’s maximum energy product prediction task
Authors: Trostianchyn A.M. , Izonin I.V. , Duriagina Z.A. , Tkachenko R.O. , Kulyk V.V. , Havrysh B.M.
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to decide the Sm-Co alloy’s maximum energy product prediction task based on the boosting strategy of the ensemble of machine learning methods.

This paper examines an ensemble-based approach to solving Sm-Co alloy’s maximum energy product prediction task. Because classical machine learning methods sometimes do not supply acceptable precision when solving the regression problem, the authors investigated the boosting ML model, namely Gradient Boosting. Building a boosting model based on several weak submodels, each of which considers the errors of the prior ones, provides substantial growth in the accuracy of the problem-solving. The obtained result is confirmed using an actual data set collected by the authors.

This work demonstrates the high efficiency of applying the ensemble strategy of machine learning to the applied problem of materials science. The experiments determined the highest accuracy of solving the forecast task for the maximum energy product of Sm-Co alloy formed on the boosting model of machine learning in comparison with classical methods of machine learning.

The boosting strategy of machine learning, in comparison with single algorithms of machine learning, requires much more computational and time resources to implement the learning process of the model.

This work demonstrated the possibility of effectively solving Sm-Co alloy’s maximum energy product prediction task using machine learning. The studied boosting model of machine learning for solving the problem provides high accuracy of prediction, which reveals several advantages of their use in solving issues applied to computational material science. Furthermore, using the Orange modelling environment provides a simple and intuitive interface for using the researched methods. The proposed approach to the forecast significantly reduces the time and resource costs associated with studying expensive rare earth metals (REM)-based ferromagnetic materials.

The authors have collected and formed a set of data on predicting the maximum energy product of the Sm-Co alloy. We used machine learning tools to solve the task. As a result, the most increased forecasting precision based on the boosting model is demonstrated compared to classical machine learning methods.
Effects of Online Yoga Training on Self-Perceived Stress of the Students of Certificate Programme in Yoga (CPY) of IGNOU
Authors: Jamatia Biplab
Published: November 2022

Yoga and meditation have become widely accepted as nonpharmacologic modalities for stress and anxiety reduction as well as general health. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) School of Health Sciences (SOHS) launched a six months-long Certificate Programme in Yoga (CPY) in July 2019 for students who have cleared their 12th class. The objective of this study was to find out the effects of online yoga training on self-perceived stress among the students of the CPY programme enrolled during the academic year 2021. This was a study with both pre- and post-tests and was carried out on the students of the CPY programme between March and December 2021. A total of 69 and 81 students participated from the January 2021 and July 2021 batches, respectively. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used as a tool to measure the level of stress. A structured close-ended questionnaire was sent by Google Forms to ascertain self-perceived stress. The total mean value of the PSS score after online yoga training decreased from 18 + 5.9 SD in the pretest to 13.7 + 6.5 SD in the post-test of students from the January 2021 batch, and from 17.4 + 5.8 SD in the pre-test to 13.1 + 5.6 SD in the post-test of students from the July 2021 batch. The difference of mean value of pre-test and post-test of both the batches of students after online yoga training were significant (p value < 0.0001). The online yoga training was effective in reduction of perceived stress score among the students of the Certificate Programme in Yoga (CPY).
Enhancing the Digital Literacy Experience of Teachers to Bolster Learning in the 21st Century
Authors: Aluko Ruth , Ooko Mary Atieno
Published: November 2022

The interconnected constructs of education in the 21st century cannot be divorced from teacher training. This article reports on the digital literacy experience of teachers amidst the worldwide recommendations of using distance learning and open educational applications to address education during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Altogether, 840 participants were purposively selected from urban, semi-urban, and rural areas in South Africa; 217 completed an online qualitative survey, while 23 took part in three virtual focus-group discussions. Van Dijk’s Resources and Appropriation Theory guided the study. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed the gaps between what is expected of teachers and their own realities, besides teachers’ eagerness to be involved in digital literacy. Recommendations include the need to continually align the teacher education curriculum with the country’s skills need and to provide teachers with the required support. Associated directions for further research are suggested.
Do Social Media Enhance Delivery of Open and Distance Learning Programmes in National Open University of Nigeria?
Authors: Adegbola Eunice Abimbola , Araga Abdullahi Shehu
Published: November 2022

The study was carried out to investigate the usefulness of social media being used by the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) in delivery of ODL programmes to her numerous learners based on survey method A total of 391 NOUN students from 7 study centres in Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria were used as respondents on whom questionnaire instrument was administered. The results of the study showed that the deployment of some social media platforms by NOUN in delivery of ODL programmes is useful as attested to by the learners. The study concludes that the university should intensify its efforts in making social media platforms more effective useful to the learners in order to capture more youths into her learners’ population.
Comparison of the Pandemic Experiences of British and Syrian Old Women Living Alone in Turkey
Authors: ÖĞÜTLE Vefa Saygın , SÖNMEZ ÖĞÜTLE Funda , SEVLÜ Hilal , SARIMURATOĞLU Duygu
Published: November 2022

The article highlights the importance of examining the explanatory contributions of migration status, social isolation, and perceived social support in studying the impact of the pandemic on older immigrant women’s experiences of loneliness and stigmatization. In this study, the co-researchers interviewed 15 Syrian women in Gaziantep and 6 British women in Muğla using in-depth interviews and observational techniques. It suggests that loneliness is experienced differently by older immigrant women depending on their position such as ethnicity, faith, class. It also shows that individualistic and collectivistic views of life lead to differences in the experience and perception of loneliness and social isolation during the Covid 19 process. The intersection of factors such as gender, ethnicity, and immigration led to different patterns of stigmatization, especially among Syrian immigrant women. Recognizing that the pandemic is not only a health crisis but also a social crisis, the study provides insights into the manifestations that experiences at the intersection of age, femininity, and immigration can and do take on during social crises.
Uluslararası Kurtarma ve Yardım Komitesi’nin (IRRC) Raporuna Göre II. Dünya Savaşı’nın Sona Ermesinin Ardından Türkiye’deki Mültecilerin Durumu
Authors: İNGİNAR KEMALOĞLU Ayşegül
Published: November 2022

Türkiye, Asya ile Avrupa arasında köprü vazifesi gören konumu ve tarafsız statüsü ile II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde binlerce mülteciye ev sahipliği yaptı. Savaşın Balkanlara yayılmasıyla Türkiye’ye sığınan mültecilerin sayısında da her geçen gün artış oldu. 1943 yılının Mart ayı itibarıyla bu kapsamda ülkede bulunanların sayısı 22.209’a ulaştı. Bu mültecilerden önemli bir kısmı 1943 yılında ülkelerine iade edildi ya da başka ülkelerdeki mülteci kamplarına sevk edildi. Ancak savaş sona erdiğinde çeşitli sebeplerle ülkelerine iade edilemeyip Türkiye’de kalmaya devam eden yaklaşık 1.500 mülteci bulunmaktaydı. Bu çalışmanın amacı II. Dünya Savaşı’nın sona ermesinin ardından Türkiye’de bulunan bu mültecilerin durumunu, Birleşmiş Milletler Arşivinde bulunan ve Uluslararası Kurtarma ve Yardım Komitesi (IRRC) tarafından hazırlanan rapor ile T.C. Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivinde yer alan belgeleri karşılaştırarak tespit etmektir.
Intervenciones no farmacológicas para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19 en Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Ríos-Oliveros Sofía , Salas Zapata Leonardo , Moyano Romero Diane
Published: November 2022

Introducción: desde el primer pico epidemiológico, Bogotá D. C. implementó medidas no farmacológicas que son conocidas como uso de tapabocas, distanciamiento físico, cuarentenas, lavado de manos, entre otras, con el fin de contener y mitigar la COVID-19 en el Distrito. Estas han sido usadas y avaladas a nivel internacional mostrando su efectividad.
Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de los principales indicadores epidemiológicos durante el primer pico epidemiológico reconociendo las intervenciones no farmacológicas implementadas en Bogotá D. C. para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19.
Materiales y métodos: estudio ecológico donde se comparan en periodos ex-ante y ex-post las variaciones en indicadores de casos confirmados, fallecidos, hospitalizados y número efectivo de reproducción R(t) registrados para cuatro grupos de localidades donde se implementaron cuarentenas localizadas.
Resultados: los casos confirmados, fallecidos y hospitalizados mostraron resultados favorables al comparar el periodo previo a la implementación de las cuarentenas localizadas, y posterior a las mismas.
Operativización de la estrategia de Atención Médica Domiciliaria por el Centro Regulador de Urgencias y Emergencias de Bogotá ante el COVID-19
Authors: Rodríguez Posso Diana Constanza , Pineda Pulgarín Lina María , Sánchez Moreno Jhohan Andrés , Ramírez Rodríguez Edizabett , Roa Saldaña Ángela María , Moreno Zamora Rigoberto
Published: November 2022

Debido a la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por Covid-19, en la ciudad de Bogotá se hizo necesario establecer estrategias que permitieran la identificación, control y seguimiento de los casos sospechosos o confirmados de la enfermedad con el fin de reducir las cadenas de contagios y optimizar la red prestadora de servicios de salud y el uso de los vehículos de emergencia (ambulancias). Una de las estrategias adoptadas fue la Atención Médica Domiciliaria (AMED), la cual surgió como un acuerdo de gestión compartida del riesgo entre la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá D. C., las Entidades Promotoras de Salud y las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud públicas y privadas del Distrito, con el fin de atender de forma integral, en los hogares, a las personas y contactos con sospecha de infección leve o moderada por el SARS-CoV-2 y reducir los riesgos derivados de la gestión clínica de la enfermedad. Se realizó un estudio de caso para describir dicha estrategia y presentar los datos resultantes de su implementación, registrados en las bases de datos de la Dirección de Urgencias y Emergencias en Salud. Se presenta la descripción de la estrategia, junto con los criterios más representativos para su operación y los principales resultados de la coordinación de la estrategia por parte del Centro Regulador de Urgencias y Emergencias (CRUE) como caracterización demográfica y distribución en la ciudad. En conclusión, la estrategia Atención Domiciliaria AMED aportó para dar respuesta a la pandemia por SARSCoV- 2 con un enfoque de Atención Primaria en Salud en el Distrito Capital.
Plan de Respuesta del Sector Salud a la Pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Beleño Gutiérrez Luis Enrique , Janeth Rueda Nelly , Osorio Saldarriaga Elkin , Galeano Rodríguez Esperanza , Peña Ríos Yiyola , Aponte Martha Patricia , Caterine Martínez Leidy , Martínez Contreras Marcela , Caicedo Barahona Yolanda
Published: November 2022

Por su capacidad de propagación, velocidad de transmisión y potencial afectación global, el 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró una pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 que causa la COVID-19. Por lo anterior y con la participaron de agencias y expertos nacionales, regionales y locales, el Distrito Capital con fundamento en las directrices establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, formuló el denominado “Plan de Respuesta Sectorial a la Pandemia por COVID-19, Bogotá D. C.”, basado en la evidencia disponible, información local y resultados de varias reuniones de discusiónproducción. En consecuencia, el Sistema Distrital de Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático liderado por el Instituto Distrital de Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático (IDIGER), convocó a las entidades distritales de respuesta para la estructuración de un plan de acción específico que permitiese identificar los recursos disponibles para la atención de la pandemia en la ciudad bajo los principios del Sistema de Comando de Incidentes (SCI). El plan se organizó en cuatro fases según los escenarios de riesgo: preparación, contención, mitigación y recuperación y se adoptaron las líneas de acción para la operación, según lo establecido en la Resolución 536 de marzo de 2020 del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, así: Coordinación intersectorial, Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Red de laboratorios, Reducción de Trasmisión en comunidad, Red de servicios de Salud, Preservación de la continuidad en el funcionamiento de los servicios esenciales y Comunicaciones. Finalmente, se establecieron los criterios generales para el seguimiento y evaluación del plan.
Gestión del riesgo colectivo: intervención de APS que permite dar continuidad en la atención en salud
Authors: Ríos Sofia , Salas Leonardo , Ramirez Edizabeth , Arce Patricia , Damelines Juliana , Piñeros Kimberly , Moyano Diane , Rodríguez Catherin
Published: November 2022

La gestión del riesgo colectivo, abordada desde una perspectiva de articulación de las acciones individuales con las familias y colectivos, debe mostrar resultados diferenciados permitiendo ver la operacionalización del plan de acciones colectivas con el accionar de las EAPB. Para esto se retoma el concepto de Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) y se articula con los gestores comunitarios los cuales permiten evidenciar los resultados. Objetivo: analizar la gestión del riesgo colectivo en salud por medio de la afectación de los determinantes sociales intermedios en la ciudad de Bogotá entre el año 2017 y 2019. Metodología: estudio de caso sobre la estrategia de gestión del riesgo basada en APS. Para esto, se estructuraron tres fases el estudio; fase I (identificación de riesgos), fase II (análisis de riesgos colectivos) y fase III (intervención centrada en las personas). Resultados: se mencionan las acciones realizadas en una EAPB - Subsidiada que permiten mitigar y/o disminuir la externalidad que representa en los indicadores de morbilidad ymortalidad. Particularmente, la acción del gestor permitió evidenciar cuatro grupos de cohortes: gestantes, niños y niñas menores de 5 años, detección temprana de cáncer cérvico-uterino y enfermedades crónicas.Conclusiones: los gestores de riesgo son un insumo útil como estrategia en APS en la ciudad de Bogotá, debido a que se identificó adecuadamente ala mayoría de la población la población en riesgo y se canalizó oportunamente a las entidades prestadoras de servicio pudiendo tener resultados beneficiosos para la población.
Characterization of Maithili duck in middle Gangetic plain of Bihar
Authors: KAMAL REENA , C CHANDRAN P , AMITAVA DEY , P BHATT B
Published: November 2022

A study was conducted in middle Gangetic plain of Bihar to evaluate the smallholder duck production systems in the regions. A total of 70 duck farmers in Bihar were selected for this study. The information were collected by using standard questionnaire and an interview. The majority of the farmers (60%) belonged to middle-aged category. Majority of duck rearers in Bihar rears the duck more than 20 years. The average flock size was 6.1±0.33. Ducks were raised under semi-intensive management system and mostly depend on scavenging for their nutritional needs in the study area. About 88.6% farmers provided some kind of housing for their ducks, usually constructed mainly from simple and locally available materials in their backyard. Farmers did not possess any permanent shelter. Majority of the farmers (94.29%) did not vaccinate against the diseases of ducks due to unavailability. In both drake and duck, body carriage was slightly upright and Bill shape was horizontal. The ducks are raised both for meat and eggs. The average annual egg production per duck was ranged to be 30–60 eggs per annum. The average body weight of drake and duck were 1.40±0.07 and 1.37±0.08 kg, respectively. The predominant plumage colours of the Head, neck, breast, wing, and tail were brown (43.75%), brown and white mix with or without white ring (53.75%), brown (80.00%), brown, black and white mix (57.50%) and brown (40.00%) respectively. The dominant bill colour were yellow (43.75%) and web colour were orange (56.25%) respectively in Maithili duck. Mosaic plumage colour pattern was predominant in Maithili duck of Middle gangetic plain.
Effect of using supplementation mineral or organic selenium with vitamin E as antioxidants in the flushing diet on the fertility of ewes
Authors: SAFDAR AMIR HOSSEIN ASGARI , MAGHAMI SAEED POUR MAHDI GHAEM , NEJAD AREFE ESALAT
Published: November 2022

In this study, 44 Afshari ewes were investigated that were 1–4 years old with a mean weight of 54–51 kg, with a physical score of approximately three in four experimental groups. Ewes were randomly assigned into four experimental groups including Group A Control (base diet recipient), Group B (Flushing), Group C (Flushing + Vitamin E Supplement + Organic Selenium), and Group D (Flushing + Vitamin E Supplement + Mineral Selenium). Blood sampling was carried out at different intervals namely beginning of the course, 24 h prior to CIDR, 24 h after CIDR (estrus), and 21 days after mating (at the time of embryonic implantation). Blood serum hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and insulin) were measured. The results of this study showed improvement in reproductive efficiency, especially the percentage of lambing, the fertility rate in Afshari breed. The use of organic selenium supplement with vitamin E and mineral selenium with vitamin E in the flushing diet before mating increased the reproductive performance of Afshari breed sheep by increasing the number of reproductive hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and insulin). C and A treatment had the highest and lowest lambs, respectively with 14 and 10 progenies. The highest birth weight of lambs was related to C treatment with an average of 4.49 kg. The use of two Flashing factors and vitamin E and organic selenium supplementation significantly increased the estrus and fertility, and significantly reduce the non-pregnant ewes by controlling oxidative conditions and increasing sex hormones.
Livestock rearers socio-economic status, feed resources, feeding and management practices in Gurez valley of Kashmir
Authors: BEIGH YASIR AFZAL , GANAI ABDUL MAJEED , RATHER MOHAMMAD ASHRAF , FAZILI MUJEEB , HUSSAIN HAKIM ATHAR , MALIK ASLOOB AHMAD , RAJA TARIQ AHMAD , MIR SHAHID HASSAN
Published: November 2022

The study was undertaken to assess the socio-economic status of animal rearers, available feed resources and feeding and management practices of livestock at different zones in Gurez valley of Kashmir. A baseline survey was conducted to obtain the information in three arbitrary zones, viz. lower, middle and upper Gurez. The study was carried out in three villages in each zone where seven farmer families per village were selected randomly for the study. A total of 63 households owning livestock were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and through direct observation. Majority of the farmers’ families was joint (94%), fell under middle age category (41%), had small land holdings (37%) and was predominantly illiterate (28%) but all categorised under Schedule Tribe. Animal husbandry (20%) was the major occupation after household (31%). Monthly income level was adequate. Among different livestock species reared, small ruminants (sheep and goat) were predominant (55%) although the productivity was low. Almost all the farm produce was consumed locally. Maize stover and forest grass hay were the main sources of dry roughages, while natural grazing was the main and important green forage source during summers. Concentrates were mainly home-made (87%) prepared without the use of oilcakes. The chemical composition of the available feed resources were within the normal ranges. The animals were left for grazing during summers with no concentrate supplementations (81%); however were offered lopped tree foliage (92%). During winters, livestock were completely stall fed primarily on crop residues with no or little concentrate mixture supplementation (86%) being offered only to lactating or pregnant animals. Majority of the farmers (94%) did not supplement the diet of animals with mineral mixture. Semi-migratory (89%) and stationary (11%) were the two types of animal production system being practiced. All the farmers (100%) had kacha close type of houses for their animals, mainly as part of human dwellings (94%). Animal stockings within the sheds were mostly mixed (89%) with little provision for proper ventilation (9%) and no (0%) regular bedding and drainage arrangements. Sanitary conditions of majority of the livestock farmers were poor with below average technical knowledge about livestock farming (67%). From results of this study, it could be concluded that to ensure sustainable livestock production in the surveyed area, technological, technical and institutional innovations would be vital to overcome the constraints of feed/fodder scarcity and lack of scientific knowledge.
Artificial insemination for milk production in India: A statistical insight
Authors: SAHA AMIT , BHATTACHARYYA SANGEETA
Published: November 2022

Though India is a global leader in milk production, on the flip side, about 80% cattle belonging to indigenous and non-descript breeds are low yielders whose productivity needs to be improved by adopting appropriate breeding techniques and Artificial Insemination (AI) comes to this rescue. AI plays a vital role in improving the productivity of bovines by upgrading their genetic potential thereby enhancing the milk production and productivity in the country. Though milk production is influenced by a number of factors, the authors analyzed one of the revolutionary innovations in Indian dairy sector, the artificial insemination (AI) in bovines which was introduced in India in 1951-56. Hence a statistical approach to inspect the influence of artificial insemination as a factor behind the growth in milk production in India was undertaken. In this study, Linear Regression (LR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were utilized. LR was used to establish the linear relationship between variables and determine the role of AI in that relation. SVR is an eminent machine learning technique which works on the structural risk minimization principle to minimize the generalization error which leads to better prediction accuracy, whereas LR provides the value by which one can estimate that to what extent AI can show it's impact on milk yield. Empirical results noticeably reveal the positive impact of AI on milk yield using LR and better prediction accuracy of SVR as compared to LR for both in training and testing dataset.
Farm mechanization – trends and policy for its promotion in India
Authors: TIWARI P S , SINGH K K , SAHNI R K , KUMAR V
Published: November 2022

Indian agriculture is diverse and capable of producing most of the food and horticultural crops of the world. In spite of its top ranking in production of a number of crops including rice, wheat, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables, the stagnancy in productivity and shortage of agricultural produce are two major bottlenecks of Indian agriculture. Several studies suggest a direct correlation between farm mechanization and crop productivity. It saves inputs like seeds and fertilizers by 15-20%, labour requirement and operational time by 20-30%, increases cropping intensity by 5-20% and crop productivity by 10-15%. At present, Indian farmers are adopting farm mechanization at a faster rate in comparison to recent past. Farm power availability from tractors has grown from 0.007 kW/ha in 1960-61 to 1.03 kW/ha in 2013-14 and it is further estimated to reach 3.74 kW/ha by 2032-33. According to the World Bank estimates, half of the total Indian population would be in urban areas by 2050. It is further estimated that the percentage of farm workers of total work force would reduce to 49.9% in 2033 and 25.7% in 2050 from 54.6% in 2011. The share of agricultural workers in total power availability in 1960-61 was about 16.3%, which is going to reduce to 2.3% in 2032-33. The overall level of farm mechanization in the country is only 40-45% and 90% of the total farm power is contributed by mechanical and electrical power sources. To assure timeliness and quality in various field operations, the average farm power availability needs to be increased to a minimum of 2.5 kW/ha by 2020.
Potassium fertilization to augment growth, yield attributes and yield of dry direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: S VIJAYAKUMAR , KUMAR DINESH , SHARMA V K , SHIVAY Y S , ANAND ANJALI , P SARAVANANE , JINGER DINESH , SINGH NAIN
Published: November 2022

The effect of potassium (K) application based on 4R stewardship (right rate, time, method, and source) on growth, yield attributes and yields of dry direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated during rainy (kharif) season of 2015 and 2016 at IARI, New Delhi. Application of recommended dose of K (60 kg/ha), half as basal and remaining half at panicle initiation (PI) stage increased the grain (5.4 t/ha) and straw yields (7.65 t/ha) by 10 and 4% respectively, over applying the full dose as basal. A strong, positive and significant correlation was observed between yield attributes [panicle weight (r2=0.79), panicle length (r2=0.83), fertility % (r2=0.84)] and yield of dry direct seeded basmati rice. Similarly, positive and significant correlation was observed between leaf area index at 60 DAS (r2=0.73) & 90 DAS (r2=0.91) and dry matter production. The two foliar sprays of 2.5% potassium nitrate (1st at active tillering, and 2nd at panicle initiation) increased fertility (83.5%) and grain yield (4.3 t/ha) by 6% and 8% respectively, over control. However, the combined application of foliar sprays and two split application of recommended dose of K showed non-significant effect on growth, yield and yield attributes. Thus, to obtain higher yield in dry direct seeded basmati rice, application of 60 kg/ha, half as basal and remaining half at panicle initiation (PI) is recommended.
Characterization and classification of soils of selected watershed area of Haryana, North-west India
Authors: SAHOO JYOTIRMAYA , DINESH DINESH , BHAT MOHAMMAD AMIN , ANIL AJIN S , ANURAG ANURAG
Published: November 2022

In the present study, undertaken in 2017â€“18 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, eight typical pedons representing micro watersheds, viz. Motipura (P1 and P2), Sainiwas (P3 and P4), Jhumpa (P5 and P6), Budhsheli (P7 and P8), in semi-arid ecosystem of Jhumpa Kalan watershed of Bhiwani district of Haryana, were studied for morpho-physical, chemical characteristics and their classification. Results indicated that soils of micro watershed pedons varied in colour from dark brown to dark yellowish brown with sand to loamy sand texture along with higher sand content as compared to silt and clay. These soils were slightly to moderately alkaline in reaction and non-saline. The bulk density, available water content, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation varied from 1.38 to 1.62 Mg/ m3, 2.04 to 13.78%, 0.06 to 0.27%, 2.21 to 7.85 cmol (p+)/kg and 88.36 to 98.57% respectively. Due to the presence of ustic/arid soil moisture regime, hyperthermic temperature regime and low organic matter content, the soils were classified into Typic Torripsamments (P4 and P8)/ Ustipsamments (P1, P2 and P3) and Typic Calciorchids (P7)/ Cambiorchids (P5).
Irrigation periods, broomrape control treatments and the growth performance of pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: DAWOOD EMAN M , A ZEIN A , SOLIMAN I E , HAMZA AMANY M , SHARSHAR A A H
Published: November 2022

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops but it is threatened by the holoparasitic plant broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk). Therefore, two field experiments were conducted in Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Egypt, during 2015â€“16 and 2016â€“17 to evaluate the effect of interaction between irrigation periods, and broomrape control treatments to control broomrape, yield and its components in pea and glyphosate residues in pea seeds. The results illustrated that irrigation period after 14 days followed by 21 days decreased broomrape growth and gave rise to the highest values for pea yield and its components. All broomrape control treatments significantly decreased broomrape growth and significantly increased yield and its components. No residues of herbicide (glyphosate at 6.35 g a.i./ha) were detected in pea seeds at harvest. These results indicated that in heavily infested soil with broomrape, irrigation should be done at 14 days interval and glyphosate should be sprayed twice. This gave best broomrape control and increased pea seed yield (t/ha), without any residues in pea seeds at harvest.
ARKEOLOJİ VE EMPERYAL REKABET: SOĞDLARIN VE SOĞDCANIN KEŞFİ (XIX-XX. YÜZYIL)
Authors: KUZAKÇI Başak
Published: November 2022

Soğdlar ve Soğd medeniyeti XX. yüzyılın başlarından evvel Avrupalılar tarafından ancak Antik dönem yazarlarının kısa ifadelerinden tanınırdı. Onların tarihsel önemlerinin ortaya çıkışı, Türkistan coğrafyasında ve ticaret yollarında oynadıkları ana rolün tespiti ve Soğd dilinin Asya ticaret yolları boyunca lingua franca haline dönüşüm süreci 1903’te Turfan’da keşfedilmeye başlayan Soğdların ürettiği metinlerin, elyazmalarının keşfi ve çözülmesi süreci sonrasında anlaşıldı ve literatürde yerini aldı. Söz konusu süreç uzun döneme yayılmakla birlikte Soğd yazılı eserlerinin keşfi ve 1932’de Soğd dilinin, alfabesinin çözülmesi Soğd tarih araştırmalarının başlangıç noktasını oluşturdu. Bu çalışmanın inceleme nesnesi doğrudan Soğd medeniyet ürünlerinin keşfi sürecidir. Bu çalışmada özellikle Macar-İngiliz kâşif Sir Aurel Stein ve Alman Arkeolog Grünwedel öncülüğündeki çalışmaların Soğdca’nın ve Soğd medeniyetinin ürünlerinin aydınlatılmasındaki rolü yanı sıra XX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yoğunlaşan Türkistan’a yönelik Batı arkeolojisi ardındaki kolonyalist hedefler ve emperyal rekabet irdelenmiştir. Bahsi geçen ilim adamlarının notları ve ürettikleri çalışmalar bu bağlamda tetkik edildi.
100 not out: a century of The Structural Engineer
Authors: Mann Allan
Published: November 2022

Allan Mann, a long-standing member of The Structural Engineer Editorial Advisory Group, looks back at the publication's history as it marks its centenary.
Company-wide carbon targets: overcoming barriers to progress
Authors: Arnold Will
Published: November 2022

Setting company-wide carbon targets for projects is an effective way to bring about behavioural change within a firm, leading to widespread carbon accounting and reductions across a firm's portfolio. This report summarises a roundtable held to discuss barriers and opportunities for setting targets within firms.
Abbasi Dönemi Arap Şiirinde Haset Ehli İmajı
Authors: DALAL Ehssan , ARSLAN Adnan
Published: November 2022

إن من المواضع التي تحدث عنها الشاعر العربي القديم هو الحسد بما أنه واقع بشري قد كمن في النفسية الإنسانية. الشاعر يرى نفسه عرضةً للغيبة أو حتى محسوداً نظراً لأنَّه قد حظي بموهبةٍ أدبيةٍ فائقة. وبناء على هذا يحس أنَّه بحاجة إلى الدفاع عن نفسه من عيونٍ حاسدةٍ بإنشاد أبياتٍ تستهدف تقبيحَ الحاسدين بلوم الحسد. وكذلك فإنَّ الشكوى من الحاسدين وعتابَهم في نظر الشعراء وسيلةٌ مهمة جداً لغرض الممدوح، علماً بأن من يمدحه الشاعر له شخصيةٌ راقيةٌ تجذب الأنظار الحاسدة إلى نفسها. وبالتالي يكون لوم الحاسدين واسطةً لنيل منزلةٍ مرموقةٍ لدى الممدوح. سيناقش هذا البحث صورةَ الحسد والحاسدين في الشعر العربي القديم، وكيفية تناول الشعراء العرب هذه الواقعة البشرية خصوصاً في العهد العباسي.
Meşhur Mu‘tezilî ve Sünnî Müfessirlerin Rü‘yetullâh Meselesine Bakışı
Authors: DEMİR Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Ehl-i Sünnet ve Mu‘tezile arasında en fazla tartışılan konulardan biri de rü‘yetullâh meselesidir. Her iki tarafın da Allah tasavvurunu anlamak için bariz bir örnek olan bu konu tefsirlere de yansıyarak müfessirler arasında büyük tartışmaların yaşanmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu tartışmalar, genel itibariyle Allah’ın dünyada ya da âhirette görülmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı, görmeyi mümkün kılan şartlar ve O’nu görmenin nasıl olacağı vb. konularda yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu makalede meşhur Mu’tezilî müfessirlerden Kâdî Abdülcebbâr ve Zemahşerî ile Mâtürîdî, Nesefî, Râzî gibi Sünnî müfessirlerin rü‘yetullâh konusu ile ilgili nasları nasıl yorumladıklarına yer verilmiş ve makalenin temelini oluşturan bu yorumlar değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Gerek Mu’tezilî gerekse Sünnî müfessirler âyetleri yorumlamada mezhebî bağlılıklarını yansıtmıştır. Her mezhep mensubu müfessir rü‘yetullâh ile ilgili âyetlerin yorumlanmasında her ne kadar ön kabullerinden sıyrılıp objektif olma amacı taşıyor olsalar da yaptıkları yorumlarda mezhebî aidiyetin daha belirgin olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca rü‘yetullâh konusu, mezhebî aidiyetin tefsirler üzerinde etki derecesini göstermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Basic terminology and concepts of medical care during the period of healthcare reform in the Russian Federation: problems and prospects
Authors: Дехнич Светлана Николаевна , Косарева Елена Анатольевна , Клыков Алексей Игоревич , Филимонова Ольга Леонидовна
Published: November 2022

Цель работы - рассмотреть ключевые понятия и основную терминологию оказания медицинской помощи в соответствии с нормативной базой, появившейся в период реформирования здравоохранения в Российской Федерации (РФ) за период 1991-2020 гг. Работа выполнена с применением контент_анализа 94 нормативных документов и учетной медицинской документации. В статье рассмотрены основные понятия: пациент; виды, условия и формы оказания медицинской помощи; порядки и стандарты оказания медицинской помощи; клинические рекомендации; основные подходы к оплате медицинской помощи по клинико_статистическим группам (КСГ) и клинико_профильным группам (КПГ). Сложившаяся в период реформирования здравоохранения терминология и понятия, узаконенные нормативной базой, способствовали формированию оказания качественной медицинской помощи населению России и переходу в дальнейшем на оказание персонифицированной медицинской помощи.

The objective of the work was to review the key concepts and basic terminology of medical care in accordance with the legislative framework that emerged during the period of healthcare reform in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period 1991-2020. The work was performed using content analysis of 94 regulatory documents and medical records. The article deals with the basic concepts: patient; types, conditions and forms of medical care; procedures and standards for the provision of medical care; clinical guidelines; main approaches to payment for medical care by clinical statistical groups (CSG) and clinical profile groups (CPG). The terminology and concepts established during the period of healthcare reform, legalized by the legislative framework, contributed to the formation of the provision of high_quality medical care to the population of Russia and the transition in the future to the provision of personalized medical care.
Borehole Stability Assessment Using Elastoplastic Thermo-elastoplastic Finite Element Modeling Approaches
Authors: Hamid Osman , Oluyemi Gbenga
Published: November 2022

Wellbore stability modeling has been known in the oil and gas industry and academia for a long time. The instability-related issues significantly impact field developments, especially in complex deep reservoirs. This instability can substantially jeopardize the drilling objectives, leading to poor wellbore conditions. Most available software uses simple linear elastic modeling approaches to predict wellbore failure and determine the safe mud weight for the planned boreholes. This assumption might lead to inaccurate results.

The main objective of this research is to use an elastoplastic modeling approach to predict a yielded zone around the wellbore using Finite Element Modeling (FEM). These elastoplastic models were used in conjunction with the Drucker-Prager yield criteria.

The yielded zone is interpreted utilizing volumetric strain analysis. The result of this study will be used for any potential breakout development while drilling that might lead to increase wellbore stability-related problems. The damage or yielded zone results will be used for completion packer positioning to avoid pressure communications while packers expand.

These novel techniques will be applied to compute wellbore stability for tight sandstone formation. The methodology can be applied to other locations using the FEM approach.

Introduction

Drilling geomechanics has been well established in the oil and gas industry and academia due to wellbore stability-related issues, costing around $ billion annually (Kang et al., 2009). Many researchers have studied the impact of geomechanics on drilling operations, mainly including saving mud weight window prediction and wellbore failure to perform drilling operations safely to the TD. Plumb et al. (2004) have introduced new geomechanics processes to reduce operational risks. Their study focuses mainly on the role of geomechanics in drilling operations. Satya et al. (2011) discussed the role of geomechanics in appraising a deep tight gas reservoir. This study provided a solution for drilling a well without damaging the reservoir using underbalanced drilling technology. Hamid et al. (2014) studied wellbore stability using elastoplastic models to predict induced stresses and yield zone around the wellbore. Hamid and Rahim (2015) studied the impact of rock mechanical properties on drilling operations. Hamid et al. (2016) investigated the impact of the predrilling wellbore stability modeling in improving drilling efficiencies. All these studies provided solutions for only drilling operations without considering the role of wellbore quality on completion and stimulations.
Roles of Geomechanical Modeling During Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors: Hamid Osman , Oluyemi Gbenga
Published: November 2022

Reservoir development from exploration to abandonment benefits from integrated geomechanical modeling to set guidelines and long-term operational strategies. Due to increasing operational challenges, geomechanics has become an essential part of the oil and gas industry’s daily route practice. These challenges arise when dealing with deep and tight, unconventional subsalt reservoirs, especially when drilling deviated or horizontal boreholes in a depleted formation in the minimum stress direction when intended to place multistage hydraulic fractures. This study provides innovative geomechanical solutions to address exploration challenges.

This integrated approach will incorporate all available data to construct 3D geomechanical static models to assess and characterize the reservoir properties. These properties include reservoir quality index, sweet spot, reservoir compartmentalization, pore pressure prediction, in-situ stress regime, and presence of faults and fractures. The study will also investigate the relationship between in-situ stress, fractures, faults distributions, and fluid flow and correlate fracture properties variations to the lithology changes.

The results from this study will be used as guidelines strategies for hydrocarbon exploration. The research will address the impact of the in-situ stress variations on petroleum systems, fault seal integrity evaluation, reservoir mapping, and heterogeneity. The study also provides an understanding of vertical and lateral variations of the in-situ stresses and their impact on well placement and well spacing. The types of geomechanical modeling implemented here can be used to accurately drill a safe and cost-effective wellbore that meets completion and stimulation requirements and maximize hydrocarbon production.

Implementing this innovative geomechanical workflow addresses exploration challenges and plays an essential role during reservoir development to characterize the reservoirs and optimize operations. The studies showed that implementing this workflow improves reservoir developments by saving millions of dollars and minimizing the non-productive time during the planning and exploration phase.
Acoustoelastic Simulation of Wave Propagation in Different Prestressed Media
Authors: Yang H. D. , Fu L. Y.
Published: November 2022

Insight into wave propagation in prestressed media is of importance to geophysical applications such as monitoring changes in geopressure and tectonic stress. This issue can be approached by the theory of acoustoelasticity that accounts for nonlinear strain responses due to stresses of finite magnitude. In this study, a rotated staggered-grid finite-difference (RSG-FD) method with an unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary is used to solve the relevant acoustoelastic equations with third-order elastic constants for elastic wave propagation in prestressed media. Numerical acoustoelasticity simulations for wave propagation in single- and double-layer models are performed under four states of prestresses, confining, uniaxial, pure-shear, and simple-shear. The results display the effective anisotropy of elastic wave propagation in acoustoelastic media, illustrating that the prestress-induced velocity anisotropy is of orthotropic features that are strongly related to the orientation of prestresses. These examples demonstrate the significant impact of prestress conditions on seismic responses in both phase and amplitude.

Introduction

The impact of prestressed zones on seismic waves is an important issue that affects the interpretation of the results by seismic imaging and inversion. It is well known that acoustic velocities in rocks are sensitive to prestresses. The theory of acoustoelasticity, as an extension of the classical theory of elasticity, is set up under the framework of hyperelasticity (Shams et al., 2011). The theory relates elastic moduli to prestresses (or residual stresses) in solids (Pao and Gamer, 1985), resulting in an effective anisotropy for wave propagation in acoustoelastic media. It has been used to account for stress-induced velocity variations in rocks (Johnson and Shankland, 1989), therefore perhaps providing the potential to understand the acoustic response to in-situ stresses (Sinha and Kostek, 1996; Huang et al., 2001) and, in turn, to monitor changes in geopressure and tectonic stress. Theoretical and experimental investigations of acoustoelasticity for wave propagation in prestressed rocks have made great signs of progress, but with limited literature on numerical simulations for acoustoelastic wave propagation. As a useful complement to the theoretical solutions of acoustoelastic equations, numerical acoustoelasticity simulations are thought to provide further insights into the stress-induced variations in velocity and anisotropy.