bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green electrosynthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Adly Mina E. , Mahmoud Amr M. , El-Nassan Hala B.
Published: July 2024

In this study, a new green method was developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using electrochemical bisarylation reaction in deep eutectic solvents as a green alternative to traditional solvents and electrolytes. The effects of varying time, current, type of solvent and material of electrodes were all studied. The optimum reaction conditions involved the use of ethylene glycol/choline chloride with a ratio of 2:1 at 80 °C for 45 min. Graphite and platinum were used as cathode and anode, respectively. The newly developed method offered many advantages such as using mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and affording high product yields with a wide range of substituted aromatic aldehydes bearing electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents. In addition, the electrochemical method proved to be more effective than heating in deep eutectic solvents and afforded higher yields of products in shorter reaction time. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction was proposed and confirmed using the cyclic voltammetry study.
Association of rs4588 polymorphism in vitamin D binding protein gene with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Iranian women: a case-control study
Authors: Akbari Leila Nazarpoor , Kheirollahi Asma , Vatannejad Akram , Hamidi Hediyeh
Published: July 2024

Objective

Vitamin D deficiency and variations in the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene may play a role in the development of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aims to investigate the association of the rs4588 polymorphism with PCOS in Iranian women, as well as its association with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in these patients.

Results

The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the distributions of genotypes and alleles of the rs4588 polymorphism among the three groups (p < 0.0001). The AC genotype and A allele showed an association with an elevated risk of PCOS and infertility. In this study, no association was found between genotypes and alleles of the rs4588 polymorphism and the risk of RPL in women with PCOS. Subjects with the AA or AC genotype exhibited significantly higher levels of LDL compared to those with the CC genotype.
Conceptualisation of health among young people: a protocol for systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Metsis Katrin , Inchley Joanna , Williams Andrew James , Vrahimis Sebastian , Brown Lamorna , Sullivan Frank
Published: July 2024

Background

Self-reported health is a widely used health indicator in surveys and questionnaires. The measure gained attention when research identified its association with mortality in the 1970s and 1980s. The measure is also associated with morbidity and other health outcomes such as the utilisation of health services. Self-reported health is a particularly useful measure for young people because this age group is generally clinically healthy. However, it is known that many chronic conditions have long latency periods that are initiated early in life. Because of its predictive nature, self-reported health can be used to estimate young people’s current and future health. Despite its widespread use, however, self-reported health remains a poorly understood concept. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review that will identify and synthesise qualitative studies that investigate the factors that are considered by young people when they assess their health, and when they talk about health overall.

Methods

The population of the review is young people aged 10–24 years, with or without health conditions. We will search the databases of MEDLINE (Ovid®), PsycINFO (APA PsycNet), ProQuest Sociology Collection, and Web of Science Core Collection™. We will also utilise techniques of reference checking and forward citation searching, as this strategy has been shown to result in a higher number of high-quality studies in social science systematic reviews. Google Scholar and Google Search were used during preliminary searches; Google Scholar will be utilised for forward citation searching. We will include studies written in English, German, or Finnish; there will be no lower date limit. One reviewer will screen all citations. A second reviewer will independently screen a sample of 20% of the abstracts. Data will be extracted by one researcher, two other researchers will independently review all data extracted, and quality appraisal will be completed by the first reviewer. We will utilise the Quality Framework for the appraisal of included articles and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Discussion

The results of this systematic review will improve the understanding of the factors that are considered during the self-assessments of health; this will improve the interpretation of the results of quantitative research. Also, an improved understanding of the conceptualisation of health will inform the development of health policies and interventions that support young people’s health.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022367519.
Comparative effectiveness of ultrathin vs. standard strut drug-eluting stents: insights from a large-scale meta-analysis with extended follow-up
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Gadelmawla Ahmed Farid , Mansour Ahmed , Mostafa Hamed Abdelma’aboud , Desouki Mariam Tarek , Naguib Mostafa Mahmoud , Ali Bilal , Siraj Aisha , Suppah Mustafa , Hakim Diaa
Published: July 2024

Background

Newer generation ultrathin strut stents are associated with less incidence of target lesion failure (TLF) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the short term. However, its long-term effect on different cardiovascular outcomes remains unknown.

Objectives

We aim to identify the effects of newer-generation ultrathin-strut stents vs. standard thickness second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) on long-term outcomes of revascularization in coronary artery disease.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and registries that compare newer-generation ultrathin-strut (< 70 mm) with thicker strut (> 70 mm) DES to evaluate cardioprotective effects over a period of up to 5 years. Primary outcome was TLF, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI) or target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary outcomes included the components of TLF, stent thrombosis (ST), and all-cause death were pooled as the standardized mean difference between the two groups from baseline to endpoint.

Results

We included 19 RCTs and two prospective registries (103,101 patients) in this analysis. The overall effect on the primary outcome was in favor of second-generation ultrathin struts stents in terms of TLF at ≥ 1 year, ≥ 2 years, and ≥ 3 years (P value = 0.01, 95% CI [0.75, 0.96]), P value = 0.003, 95% CI [0.77, 0.95]), P value = 0.007, 95% CI [0.76, 0.96]), respectively. However, there was no reported benefit in terms of TLF when we compared the two groups at ≥ 5 years (P value = 0.21), 95% CI [0.85, 1.04]). Some of the reported components of the primary and secondary outcomes, such as TLR, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and TVMI, showed the same pattern as the TLF outcome.

Conclusion

Ultrathin-strut DES showed a beneficial effect over thicker strut stents for up to 3 years. However, at the 5-year follow-up, the ultrathin strut did not differ in terms of TLF, TLR, TVR, and TVMI compared with standard-thickness DES, with similar risks of patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE), MI, ST, cardiac death, and all-cause mortality.
A quantitative research on climate resilience in coastal airports from the perspective of adaptation
Authors: Chen Yuxiu , Yang Shiqi , Yu Jian
Published: July 2024

Because of its distinct function and geographic conditions, the impact of climate change on the operation, safety, and income of airports in coastal areas is becoming increasingly significant. The measurement of climate resilience can help identify priority needs and measures to adapt to climate change, which is a crucial step in developing an aviation adaptation plan. At present, the concept of climate resilience is relatively complex and lacks a clear uniformity of composition, which has made it challenging to effectively support the development of adaptation strategies. Based on the definition of climate resilience, our first step was to construct an evaluation system for coastal airports to visually represent the level of climate resilience. Next, in this study, we introduced a coupling coordination and obstacle degree model to analyze the coordinated development and key drivers of climate resilience, which could be used to develop a targeted improvement strategy based on the calculation results. In the future, additional measures can be combined from the natural environment, socioeconomics, governance capacity, and climate change risk to enhance the capacity development of the aviation industry to address climate change and foster the establishment of a sustainable development model between the industry and the environment.
Exploring whether ChatGPT-4 with image analysis capabilities can diagnose osteosarcoma from X-ray images
Authors: Ren Yi , Guo Yusheng , He Qingliu , Cheng Zhixuan , Huang Qiming , Yang Lian
Published: July 2024

The generation of radiological results from image data represents a pivotal aspect of medical image analysis. The latest iteration of ChatGPT-4, a large multimodal model that integrates both text and image inputs, including dermatoscopy images, histology images, and X-ray images, has attracted considerable attention in the field of radiology. To further investigate the performance of ChatGPT-4 in medical image recognition, we examined the ability of ChatGPT-4 to recognize credible osteosarcoma X-ray images. The results demonstrated that ChatGPT-4 can more accurately diagnose bone with or without significant space-occupying lesions but has a limited ability to differentiate between malignant lesions in bone compared to adjacent normal tissue. Thus far, the current capabilities of ChatGPT-4 are insufficient to make a reliable imaging diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Therefore, users should be aware of the limitations of this technology.
Diet at birth is critical for healthy growth, independent of effects on the gut microbiota
Authors: van den Elsen Lieke J. W. , Rekima Akila , Lynn Miriam A. , Isnard Charlotte , Machado Savannah , Divakara Nivedithaa , Patalwala Diana , Middleton Alana , Stevens Natalie , Servant Florence , Burcelin Remy , Lynn David J. , Verhasselt Valerie
Published: July 2024

Background

Colostrum is the first milk for a newborn. Its high content in microbiota shaping compounds and its intake at the time of gut microbiota seeding suggests colostrum may be critical in the establishment of a healthy microbiota. There is also accumulating evidence on the importance of the gut microbiota for healthy growth. Here, we aimed to investigate the contribution of colostrum, and colostrum-induced microbiota to growth promotion. Addressing this question is highly significant because (1) globally, less than half of the newborns are fully colostrum fed (2) the evidence for the importance of the microbiota for the prevention of undernutrition has only been demonstrated in juvenile or adult pre-clinical models while stunting already starts before weaning.

Results

To address the importance of diet at birth in growth failure, we developed a unique mouse model in which neonates are breastfed by mothers at an advanced stage of lactation who no longer provide colostrum. Feeding newborn mice with mature milk instead of colostrum resulted in significant growth retardation associated with the biological features of chronic undernutrition, such as low leptin levels, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and growth hormone resistance. We next investigated the role of colostrum in microbiota shaping. At the end of the lactation period, we found a major difference in gut microbiota alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxa distribution in control and colostrum-deprived mice. To determine the causal relationship between changes in microbiota and growth trajectories, we repeated our experiment in germ-free mice. The beneficial effect of colostrum on growth remained in the absence of microbiota.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that colostrum may play an important role in the prevention of growth failure. They highlight that the interplay between neonatal gut microbiome assembly and diet may not be as crucial for growth control in the developing newborn as described in young adults. This opens a paradigm shift that will foster research for colostrum’s bioactives that may exert a similar effect to microbiota-derived ligands in promoting growth and lead to new avenues of translational research for newborn-tailored prevention of stunting.
The impact of lockdown on child adjustment: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Weng Wanjuan , Liu Mowei , Wang Shumin , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Jinghui , Fu Yuke , Dong Chuanmei , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an inestimable impact worldwide, challenging the daily lives and interactions of children and their families. In 2022, Shanghai implemented a three-month lockdown in response to an acceleration of positive cases during the pandemic period. This restrictive policy provided insight into the impact of the lockdown on children's social adjustment and the role of parent–child conflict during this process. Mothers of preschool-aged children participated in this study and completed the Chinese version of Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, two matched groups were formed: pre-lockdown group and post-lockdown group, with a total of 574 preschoolers (N = 297 in each group; Mage = 4.36, SD = 0.86) were recruited. The results showed that the lockdown directly impacted children's emotional symptoms. Additionally, the parent–child conflict mediated relationship between the lockdown and children's adjustment. Specifically, parent–child conflict deteriorated children's emotional symptoms, hyperactivity-attention problems, and prosocial behaviors. These findings highlight the significant impact of the severe lockdown on children's social adjustment and the role of parent–child interactions during this period.
The influence of religious attachment on intended political engagement among lower-secondary students
Authors: Ainley John , Schulz Wolfram
Published: July 2024

Religious attachment has been identified as an important correlate of civic participation, civic engagement, and civil participation among adults. This study investigates two aspects of relationships between religiosity and intended political engagement among lower secondary school students in 2009 and 2016. One aspect is the extent to which religious attachment is associated with an endorsement of the influence of religion in society. This can be viewed as the converse of secularity which asks for the separation of social and political institutions from religion. A second aspect investigated is the extent to which religious attachment is associated with expected adult electoral participation and expected adult active political participation after controlling for the effects of other characteristics. While the results from this study show no strong or consistent relationships between religious background and expected political participation among lower-secondary students, findings suggest that young people’s endorsement of religious influence in society depends strongly on their religious background and in turn shows associations with expected active political participation.
Uncovering the role of the subcommissural organ in early brain development through transcriptomic analysis
Authors: González Maryori , Maurelia Felipe , Aguayo Jaime , Amigo Roberto , Arrué Rodrigo , Gutiérrez José Leonardo , Torrejón Marcela , Farkas Carlos , Caprile Teresa
Published: July 2024

Background

The significant role of embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) in the initial stages of brain development has been thoroughly studied. This fluid contains crucial molecules for proper brain development such as members of the Wnt and FGF families, apolipoproteins, and retinol binding protein. Nevertheless, the source of these molecules remains uncertain since they are present before the formation of the choroid plexus, which is conventionally known as the primary producer of cerebrospinal fluid. The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a highly conserved gland located in the diencephalon and is one of the earliest differentiating brain structures. The SCO secretes molecules into the eCSF, prior to the differentiation of the choroid plexus, playing a pivotal role in the homeostasis and dynamics of this fluid. One of the key molecules secreted by the SCO is SCO-spondin, a protein involved in maintenance of the normal ventricle size, straight spinal axis, neurogenesis, and axonal guidance. Furthermore, SCO secretes transthyretin and basic fibroblast growth factor 2, while other identified molecules in the eCSF could potentially be secreted by the SCO. Additionally, various transcription factors have been identified in the SCO. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the early SCO development are not fully understood.

Results

To uncover key molecular players and signaling pathways involved in the role of the SCO during brain development, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis comparing the embryonic chick SCO at HH23 and HH30 stages (4 and 7 days respectively). Additionally, a public transcriptomic data from HH30 entire chick brain was used to compare expression levels between SCO and whole brain transcriptome. These analyses revealed that, at both stages, the SCO differentially expresses several members of bone morphogenic proteins, Wnt and fibroblast growth factors families, diverse proteins involved in axonal guidance, neurogenic and differentiative molecules, cell receptors and transcription factors. The secretory pathway is particularly upregulated at stage HH30 while the proliferative pathway is increased at stage HH23.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the SCO has the capacity to secrete several morphogenic molecules to the eCSF prior to the development of other structures, such as the choroid plexus.
The Biomechanical Influence of Step Width on Typical Locomotor Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Yuan , Mei Qichang , Jiang Hanhui , Hollander Karsten , Van den Berghe Pieter , Fernandez Justin , Gu Yaodong
Published: July 2024

Background

Step width is a spatial variable in the frontal plane, defined as the mediolateral distance between the heel (forefoot during sprinting) of bilateral feet at initial contact. Variations in step width may impact the lower limb biomechanics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the published findings to determine the influence of acute changes in step width on locomotion biomechanics and provide implications for injury prevention and enhanced sports performance.

Methods

Literature was identified, selected, and appraised in accordance with the methods of a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched up until May 2023 with the development of inclusion criteria based on the PICO model. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and the measured parameters were summarized.

Results

Twenty-three articles and 399 participants were included in the systematic review. The average quality score of the 23 studies included was 9.39 (out of 14). Step width changed the kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes of the lower limb, such as peak rearfoot eversion angle and moment, peak hip adduction angle and moment, knee flexion moment, peak knee internal rotation angle, as well as knee external rotation moment. Alteration of step width has the potential to change the stability and posture during locomotion, and evidence exists for the immediate biomechanical effects of variations in step width to alter proximal kinematics and cues to impact loading variables.

Conclusion

Short-term changes in step width during walking, running, and sprinting influenced multiple lower extremity biomechanics. Narrower step width may result in poor balance and higher impact loading on the lower extremities during walking and running and may limit an athlete’s sprint performance. Increasing step width may be beneficial for injury rehabilitation, i.e., for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome or tibial bone stress injury. Wider steps increase the supporting base and typically enhance balance control, which in turn could reduce the risks of falling during daily activities. Altering the step width is thus proposed as a simple and non-invasive treatment method in clinical practice.
Vitamin D deficiency in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daneshvar Kimia , Akhlaghi Mohammadreza , Iranpour Shila , Irajpour Matin , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: July 2024

Background

This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature.

Method

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853).

Results

A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference observed in vitamin D levels between central RVO (CRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) subtypes (P = 0.63).

Conclusion

RVO patients have more vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence highlighting the intricate role of vitamin D supplementation as both a prophylactic and a treatment strategy in RVO.

PROSPERO registration identifier

: CRD42024499853.
Age estimation from the sternal end of left fourth rib in the Nepalese population
Authors: Shrestha Rijen , Krishan Kewal , Kanchan Tanuj
Published: July 2024

Background

Forensic anthropological examinations help in identification of unidentified human remains. This study aims to establish population-specific standards for age estimation from the sternal ends of left fourth ribs in the Nepalese population. A quantitative, observational study was conducted on 387 Nepalese deceased (106 females, 281 males) between November 2021 and March 2023. Left fourth ribs were collected, macerated and examined for the study. The variables examined included pit depth, pit shape, rim and wall configurations and rib phase.

Results

Pit depth significantly predicted age, β = 0.642, t(385) = 16.42, p < 0.001. Pit depth also explained a significant proportion of variance in age, R2 = 0.41, F(1, 385) = 269.54, p < 0.001. The age estimates from pit depth stage were 7–36 (stage 0), 7–49 (stage 1), 16–51 (stage 2), 10–58 (stage 3), 22–70 (stage 4) and 32–81 (stage 5). Age estimates for pit shape were 17–20 (stage 0), 13–48 (stage 2), 15–55 (stage 3), 24–68 (stage 4) and 39–82 (stage 5). Age estimates for rim and wall configurations were 17–20 (stage 0), 13–47 (stage 2), 17–53 (stage 3), 24–68 (stage 4) and 40–82 (stage 5). Similarly, age estimates for rib phase were 17–20 (phase 0), 18–20 (phase 1), 13–46 (phase 2), 18–50 (phase 3), 23–60 (phase 4), 32–71 (phase 5), 50–76 (phase 6), 44–81 (phase 7) and 62–85 (phase 8). The study also examined the use of transitional analysis to develop posterior probability distributions for estimation of age using rib phases.

Conclusion

This study found significant differences in the age estimates from previous studies and shows the importance of developing population-specific models for use in forensic anthropology.
Trans-splenic percutaneous glue embolization of bleeding gastric varices in the setting of malignant sinistral portal hypertension
Authors: Zhao Ken , Son Sam Y. , Sarkar Debkumar , Santos Ernesto G.
Published: July 2024

Sinistral portal hypertension, also known as left-sided portal hypertension, is a rare cause of gastric variceal bleeding which occurs secondary to occlusion of the splenic vein. We present a case of venous occlusion and sinistral portal hypertension secondary to distal pancreatic cancer requiring treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. After failing conservative management, transvenous intervention was attempted, but a venous communication with the gastric varices was unable to be identified on multiple venograms. A percutaneous trans-splenic approach using a 21-G needle and ultrasound guidance was successful in directly accessing an intraparenchymal vein feeding the gastric varices, and glue embolization was performed directly through the access needle with excellent results.
The prevalence of SMN gene deletion/duplication in spinal muscular atrophy families referred to neuro-genetic centers of Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Shariati Mohammad , Davoudi Alireza , Boostani Reza , Ashrafzadeh Farah , Beiraghi Toosi Mehran , Todarbary Nafiseh , Akhondian Javad , Hashemi Narges , Sadr-Nabavi Ariane
Published: July 2024

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of motor neuron diseases. In 95% of SMA patients, the telomeric copy of the SMN gene (SMN1) is homozygously deleted. Due to the autosomal recessive pattern of SMA inheritance, individuals with a family history of SMA are at risk of being carriers. A total of 622 individuals from SMA families, including parents, siblings, and first, second, and third-degree relatives, were recruited to the neuro-genetic clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. SMA cases and suspected carriers were referred to the genetic laboratory. Pregnant women underwent amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling at 12–14 gestational weeks. RFLP-PCR and real-time PCR were performed for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (possible carriers), respectively. RFLP and real-time PCR were performed for amniotic fluid and chorionic villi samples.

Results

The study enrolled 622 subjects from SMA-affected families, including 159 fetuses and 463 non-fetuses. Two samples were missing. A total of 268 individuals (43.2%) were healthy (wild type), 187 individuals (30.1%) were heterozygous for exon deletion of SMN1, and 143 individuals (23%) were homozygous for exon deletion of SMN1. Four individuals (0.6%) showed three copies of the SMN1 gene.

Conclusion

The frequency of carriers with two SMN1 copies on a single chromosome (cis) was estimated at 2.9% (18/622), and the total rate of carriers was approximately 21.8%. Considering the high rate of SMA carriers in this study, genetic counseling and definitive prenatal diagnosis are of utmost importance for reducing the psychosocial burden of the SMA disease among Iranian families.
Noise attenuation in distributed acoustic sensing data using a guided unsupervised deep learning network
Authors: Saad Omar M. , Ravasi Matteo , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: July 2024

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a promising technology introducing a new paradigm in the acquisition of high-resolution seismic data. However, DAS data often show weak signals compared with the background noise, especially in challenging installation environments. In this study, we develop a new approach to denoise DAS data that leverages an unsupervised deep learning (DL) model, eliminating the need for labeled training data. The input DAS data undergo band-pass filtering to eliminate high-frequency content. Subsequently, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is performed, and the finest scale is used to guide the DL model in reconstructing the DAS signal. First, we extract 2D patches from the band-pass filtered data and the CWT scale of the data. Then, these patches are converted using an unrolling mechanism into 1D vectors to form the input of the DL model. A self-attention layer is included in each layer to extract the spatial relation between the band-pass filtered data and the CWT scale. Through an iterative process, the DL model tunes its parameters to suppress DAS noise, with the band-pass filtered data serving as the target for the network. The denoising performance of our framework is validated using field examples from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth and Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy data sets, where the data are recorded by a fiber-optic cable. Comparative analyses against three benchmark methods reveal the robust denoising performance of our framework.
Cord Blood Fetuin-B, Fetal Growth Factors, and Lipids in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , He Hua , Fang Fang , Liu Xin , Yang Meng-Nan , Chen Zi-Lin , Wu Ting , Huang Rong , Li Fei , Zhang Jun , Ouyang Fengxiu , Luo Zhong-Cheng
Published: July 2024

Context

Fetuin-B is a hepatokine/adipokine implicated in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.

Objective

We sought to assess whether cord blood fetuin-B levels are altered in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the association with fetal growth factors and lipids.

Methods

In a nested, case-control study of 153 pairs of neonates of mothers with GDM and euglycemic pregnancies in the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we assessed cord blood fetuin-B in relation to fetal growth factors and lipids (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides).

Results

Cord blood fetuin-B concentrations were higher in the newborns of GDM vs euglycemic mothers (mean ± SD: 2.35 ± 0.96 vs 2.05 ± 0.73 mg/L; P = .012), and were positively correlated with LDL (r = 0.239; P < .0001), TC (r = 0.230; P = .0001), insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) (r = 0.137; P = .023) and IGF-Ⅱ (r = 0.148; P = .014) concentrations. Similar associations were observed adjusting for maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Conclusion

The study is the first to demonstrate that fetuin-B levels are elevated in fetal life in GDM, and that fetuin-B affects lipid metabolic health during fetal life in humans. The secretion of fetuin-B appears to be related to the secretion of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ.
Hypothyroidism-induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Abd El Baky Hend , Cziranka-Crooks Danika , Prasanna Kumar Brinda , Jacobs Meghan , Killion Jeremy , Mastrandrea Lucy D
Published: July 2024

Hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition with nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, cold intolerance, and constipation. Rarely, severe primary hypothyroidism presents with rhabdomyolysis. We present a 12-year-old boy with several months of fatigue, muscle cramping, and elevated creatine kinase (CK) who was found to have severe primary hypothyroidism. Initial laboratory evaluation was significant for CK 2056 U/L (reference, 0-300 U/L; 34.34 µkat/L) and creatinine 1.39 mg/dL (reference, 0.4-1 mg/dL; 122.88 µmol/L). He was admitted for management of rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury. Further biochemical testing revealed profound hypothyroidism—thyrotropin 494 mIU/mL (reference, 0.40-6.00 mIU/mL) and free thyroxine (T4) less than 0.4 ng/dL (reference, 0.80-1.80 ng/dL; <5.15 pmol/L). Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies were positive, confirming autoimmune hypothyroidism. Low-dose levothyroxine was initiated. With aggressive rehydration, creatinine and CK levels improved. The patient was discharged home with instructions to escalate thyroid hormone replacement over 8 weeks. While the etiology of CK elevation in severe hypothyroidism is poorly understood, it is hypothesized that T4 deficiency alters mitochondrial oxidative capacity and glycogenolysis precipitating muscle atrophy and breakdown with CK release. This case highlights that clinicians should consider thyroid function testing in patients with symptoms of muscle pain and unexplained elevations in CK.
Transformation of a Benign Adrenocortical Adenoma to a Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma Is Rare But It Happens
Authors: Angelousi Anna , Jouinot Anne , Bourgioti Charis , Tokmakidis Panagiotis , Bertherat Jérôme , Kaltsas Gregory
Published: July 2024

The transformation of an adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) to an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is extremely rare. Current guidelines suggest against further imaging studies and follow-up in patients with nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) with benign imaging characteristics. Herein, we present a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed initially with a NFAI of 3 cm in size with imaging characteristics consistent with an ACA. However, 13 years after initial diagnosis, this apparent ACA developed into a high-grade cortisol and androgen-secreting ACC with synchronous metastases. The literature review revealed a further 9 case reports of adrenal incidentalomas initially characterized as ACA that subsequently developed into ACC within a period ranging from 1 to 10 years. The pathogenesis of transformation of an initially denoted ACA to ACC is not fully delineated, although the existing literature focuses on the preexisting or changing genetic background of these lesions, highlighting the need to develop robust prognostic markers to identify patients at risk and individualize the follow-up of these unique cases.
Usefulness of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Diagnosing the Cause of Circulatory Collapse During Reoperation for an Inferior Vena Cava-Left Atrium Shunt After Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Case Report
Authors: Matsumura Kaori , Maeda Takuma , Kotoku Akiyuki , Onishi Yoshihiko
Published: July 2024

Iatrogenic inferior vena cava (IVC)-left atrium (LA) shunt is a rare complication in atrial septal defect (ASD) surgery, caused by mistaking the Eustachian valve for the lower margin of the ASD. In this report, we describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who experienced circulatory collapse at termination of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgical IVC-LA shunt repair. Transesophageal echocardiography helped identify stenosis between the IVC and the right atrium, caused by a residual original incorrectly placed ASD patch. Removal of most of the patch led to improvement in circulatory failure.
Learning by Offending: How Do Criminals Learn about Criminal Law?
Authors: Philippe Arnaud
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates how criminals learn about criminal laws. It uses a natural experiment in which sentences were drastically increased for a specific type of recidivism in France. In the short run, advertising the reform did not trigger any change in criminal behavior. However, people who had firsthand experience of the reform learned about it and later committed significantly fewer targeted crimes, but the same number of nontargeted crimes. Learning appears to be limited to individuals with direct experience of the law. While codefendants also learned, other criminal peers and defendants attending the same trial for another case did not. (JEL D83, K14, K42)
Tripping through Hoops: The Effect of Violating Compulsory Government Procedures
Authors: Emanuel Natalia , Ho Helen
Published: July 2024

Millions of Americans must navigate complex government procedures under the threat of punishment. Violating these requirements can lead to poverty traps or deepening legal system involvement. We use a field experiment to estimate the effect of failing to appear for court on subsequent legal contact. The treatments reduce failure to appear by 40 percent. Using treatment assignment to identify the causal impact of minor procedural violations, we find no effect on arrests. However, for lower-level cases, violations increase fines and fees paid by 59 percent or $79, equivalent to a high-interest loan, showing that minor procedural violations can be costly. (JEL C93, D73, K14, K41)
A digital twin model of urban utility tunnels and its application
Authors: Jiansong Wu , chen Fan , Yanzhu Hu , Ming Fu , Jitao Cai , Xiaofu Zou , Xin Wang
Published: July 2024

Background Multiple pipelines in utility tunnels may lead to various accidents and serious social impact. In the era of digitalization, how to better model the operation of a utility tunnel, dynamically predict the accident evolutions, and support corresponding decision-makings are essential issues. Methods In this study, a CFD-based digital twin framework for accidents in utility tunnels is proposed. First, Kalman filtering is applied to correct the parameter drift of sensors used for long-term monitoring. A data interaction system is then developed based on Internet of Things (IOT) and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) to comprehensively manage data transmission within the utility tunnel. Subsequently, a natural gas leakage prediction model is developed to enable the efficient prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution in the case of leakage. Finally, these components are integrated for visualization in a digital twin platform for natural gas leakage in utility tunnels. Additionally, numerical simulations are employed to validate of the proposed method. Results The utility tunnel data transmission system based on IoT and OPC UA proposed in this paper is case-validated. By comparing the simulation results at 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s, the model accurately predicts the methane concentration at the leak position after 10 seconds and maintains acceptable accuracy thereafter. The simulation results of different cases are introduced to verify the reliability of the risk indicator proposed in this paper, which increases with the leakage rate. Finally, A process for visualizing numerical simulation is proposed into a digital twin. Conclusions The proposed predictive digital twin technology facilitates the rapid risk assessment of and emergency management of natural gas accidents in utility tunnels. Based on the results of predictive model, a risk indicator is introduced to evaluate the natural gas accidents.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH OF REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Shironina Elena M.
Published: July 2024

It is necessary to take into account the spatial aspect when studying national innovation systems, due to differences in the level of economic development, type of production, scientific potential, infrastructure, demography, culture, natural conditions and resources of the regions. This is reflected in the concept of regional innovation systems (RIS), which link innovation and territorial development. However, despite many publications, a unified interpretation of RIS and generally accepted provisions have not been formed.
There are various classifications of approaches to studying RIS. The analysis of scientific literature allows us to identify the main approaches to research: institutional and functional. In the first, RIS is considered as a set of institutions and institutional environment. In the second, each element of the system is assumed to have its own functional meaning. Within both approaches, researchers have proposed many definitions of the concept of “regional innovation system”. In development of the functional approach, the author's model of RIS was proposed.
Purpose. Analysis and systematization of approaches to the definition of the regional innovation system and the identification of its structure.
Methodology in article general methods of scientific knowledge, analysis of scientific works presented in the RSCI database, dissertation research on the topic of regional innovation systems, official data from open sources were used.
Results. The approaches to the analysis of regional innovation systems are systematized, the author's position on the systematization of approaches is substantiated. The definitions for the concept of “regional innovation system” are systematized, and the author’s definition of RIS is proposed. Based on the functional approach, the author's RIS model is proposed. The model consists of determining, activity and infrastructure blocks.
Scope of the findings. The results obtained can be used by regional executive authorities when developing innovation policy at the regional level and by researchers in the field of regional development as a basis for further research.
Biological Therapy, Therapeutic Approaches and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis
Authors: Magierska Agata , Szczepaniak Zuzanna , Ptak Olga , Gomułka Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The widespread prevalence of chronic rhinitis necessitates the search for effective treatment methods. Modern type of medicine is biological treatment. Pathomechanism of AR is based on lymphocytes Th-2 reaction and connected with that cascade of effects. Biological treatment in the form of monoclonal antibodies blocks interleukins or immunoglobulin E signaling and leads to decrease in inflammatory reaction. Mechanism of action of these drugs and short period of use in AR requires patients to meet the including criteria and is usually used after other treatment options have run out. Taking under consideration the amount of patients suffering from AR and the impact on the quality of life indicates that there is still a need for new drugs and  using drugs which are useful in similar diseases. 
Purpose of the work: This study aims to review and evaluate biological drugs used or having the potential to be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), including: omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab and the possibility of their use on a wider scale in the future.
Materials and methods: An analysis of research papers available on PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken using the following keywords: chronic rhinitis with nasal polyps; immunotherapy; monoclonal antibodies; allergic rhinitis; Quality of Life in rhinitis; omalizumab; dupilumab; mepolizumab; reslizumab; biological treatment during pregnancy;
Results: The use of biological drugs in AR results in a significant improvement in symptom control and an increase in quality of life. This option can be an effective form of treatment for nasal polyps, reducing the risk of needing sinus surgery. However, the criteria for using these drugs are still very limiting, due to the lack of specific biomarkers that could early indicate a high chance of success. Biological drugs seem to be a great opportunity and a worthwhile possibility in the treatment of people with chronic allergic rhinitis.
Severe case of antiphospholipid syndrome coexisting with systemic lupus erythematosus with major cardiovascular complications: a case report
Authors: Bińczyk Wiktoria , Siudek Bartosz , Dróżdż Olgierd , Brzozowska Patrycja , Nowińska Bianka , Lissak Karina , Sokolik Renata
Published: July 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are autoimmune diseases that frequently coexist, complicating clinical management due to the compounded risks of systemic inflammation and thromboembolism. We present a case of a 52-year-old female with SLE and APS, initially diagnosed after a pulmonary embolism in 2015. Her medical history includes recurrent anemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and two myocardial infarctions treated with angioplasty and stenting. Despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine, methylprednisolone, methotrexate and apixaban (later switched to warfarin), the patient experienced severe disease flare-ups and cardiovascular complications, prompting consideration for biologic therapy with anifrolumab. This case study illustrates the difficulties associated with the management of concurrent SLE and APS. It is clear that early diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and aggressive management of both autoimmune and cardiovascular risks are essential to improve patient outcomes.
Can one die because of Hashimoto’s disease? – a clinical review of diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of myxedema coma
Authors: Bochyński Karol , Dacka Michał , Giżewska Kamila , Białogłowski Konrad , Dąbrowska Paulina , Żuber Michał , Ciuba Katarzyna , Molenda Katarzyna , Borodziuk Filip , Borodziuk Barbara
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Purpose
Hashimoto’s disease is the most common reason of hypothyroidism. Usually, it is easy to recognize and treat. However, under certain circumstances, it may develop into the most severe manifestation of hypothyroidism known as myxedema and can lead to a threat to the patient's life.
Hypothyroid crisis, or myxedema coma, is an extremely rare but fatal medical emergency. If the condition is not promptly diagnosed and treated, the mortality rate is high as 50%. Even with immediate recognition and appropriate medical intervention, mortality rates of up to 25% have been observed. 
This article aim is to enhance medical community awareness by examining features of myxedema, prevalence, and associated risk factors, contributing to improved clinical management. Emphasizing tailored treatment strategies for hypothyroidism, coexisting illnesses, and metabolic decompensation, it ultimately seeks to enhance outcomes for patients with severe hypothyroidism.
Material and methods
Conducting a systematic review of medical articles from 1997 to 2024 using PubMed, this study analyzed articles with keywords such myxedema coma, hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Inclusion of pertinent articles ensured a comprehensive exploration of myxedema coma literature during the specified time frame.
Summary
Myxedema coma is a thyroid emergency linked to hypothyroidism. This review sheds light on the etiology of myxedema, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and comprehensive treatment options. In order to reduce mortality in patients, there is a need to increase knowledge of the risk of development, clinical features and management not only for emergency physicians but also for physicians of all specialties..
When and How to treat bruxism in children? - A review of the latest literature
Authors: Jerzak Aneta , Jakubowska Katarzyna , Janocha Aleksandra , Ziemba Paweł
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose
Bruxism is a stereotypical motor disorder characterized by involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep or wakefulness. Bruxism affects 5-50% of children, and its frequency decreases with age. Bruxism is the most commonly occurring parasomnia, which in healthy individuals is a variant of physiology; however, when it leads to the development of associated pathologies such as dental abrasions, tooth loss, toothaches, headaches, or temporomandibular disorders, it is an indication for treatment.
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed databases is searched through the words such as bruxism, temporomandibular disorder.
Description of the state of knowledge
In the diagnosis of bruxism, questionnaires filled out by patients and parents of children are most commonly used, although the most effective but less accessible diagnostic test is polysomnography. In the treatment of bruxism, pharmacotherapy, occlusal splints, and physiotherapy are used.
Conclusions
There is no gold standard for treating bruxism. There is still a need to search for other methods that would eliminate bruxism and prevent the development of associated pathologies.