bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary intracranial ectopic craniopharyngioma in a patient with probable Gardner's syndrome
Authors: Kim Myoung Soo , Kim You Sun , Lee Hye Kyung , Lee Ghi Jai , Choi Chan Young , Lee Chae Heuck
Published: November 2013

The authors describe a patient with an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (CPG) arising in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), who also had probable Gardner's syndrome. This 31-year-old man presented with headache and dizziness. Brain CT and MRI showed a 5 × 4–cm lesion with multiple small calcifications in the left CPA. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy with tumor removal. Histopathological findings indicated an adamantinomatous CPG. This patient also showed characteristics of Gardner's syndrome. Although this syndrome is associated with intracranial neoplasms, it is unclear whether patients with both Gardner's syndrome and CPG are part of the heterogeneity of Gardner's syndrome.
Iliac screw placement in neuromuscular scoliosis using anatomical landmarks and uniplanar anteroposterior fluoroscopic imaging with postoperative CT confirmation
Authors: Gressot Loyola V. , Patel Akash J. , Hwang Steven W. , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Jea Andrew
Published: November 2013

Object

Neuromuscular scoliosis is a challenging pathology to treat. Surgical correction can involve long fusion constructs extending to the pelvis. The deformity inherent in these patients makes it difficult to obtain adequate lateral intraoperative radiographs for traditional image-guided placement of iliac screws.

Methods

A clinical and radiographic assessment of 14 patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity was conducted. From 2007 to 2013, 12 of these patients (mean age 14.25 years, range 10–20 years) underwent long spinal instrumentation (mean 15 levels, range 10–18 levels) and fusion to the pelvis, and 2 underwent placement of a growing rod construct with iliac screw placement at a single institution. The average length of follow-up was 33.7 months (range 6–64 months). Iliac screws were placed after identifying the posterior superior iliac spine and using only anteroposterior fluoroscopy (view of the inlet of the pelvis), rather than the technique of direct palpation of the sciatic notch. The accuracy of iliac screw placement was assessed with routine postoperative CT.

Results

A total of 12 patients had 24 screws placed as part of a long-segment fusion to the pelvis, and 2 patients had two iliac screws placed as part of a growing rod construct for neuromuscular scoliosis. There were no iliac screw misplacements, and no complications directly related to the technique of iliac screw placement. For cases of definitive fusion (n = 12), the average coronal Cobb angle of patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity measured 62° before surgery and 44.3° immediately after surgery. The average preoperative thoracic kyphosis and lumbar sagittal lordosis measured 37.3° and 60.7°, respectively. Immediately after surgery, the thoracic and lumbar angles measured 30° and 41.1°, respectively. At last follow-up, the average coronal Cobb angle was maintained at 45.1°, and the thoracic and lumbar sagittal angles were maintained at 32.8° and 45.3°, respectively.

Conclusions

A less invasive technique for iliac screw placement can be performed safely with a low likelihood of screw misplacement. This technique offers the biomechanical advantages of iliac fixation without the soft tissue exposure typically needed for safe screw insertion. The technique relies on identification of the posterior superior iliac spine and high quality anteroposterior fluoroscopic imaging for a view of the pelvic inlet.
Jung on the Nature and Interpretation of Dreams: A Developmental Delineation with Cognitive Neuroscientific Responses
Authors: Zhu Caifang
Published: November 2013

Post-Jungians tend to identify Jung’s dream theory with the concept of compensation; they tend to believe that Jung’s radically open stand constitutes his dream theory in its entirety. However, Jung’s theory regarding dreams was a product of an evolving process throughout his whole intellectual and professional life. Unfortunately, the theory has not been understood in such a developmental light. Based on a historical and textual study of all dream articles found throughout The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, this paper maps a concise three-phase trajectory of Jung’s changing views on dreams and interpretation. The paper posits that Jung’s last essay, “Symbols and the Interpretation of Dreams” (1961), epitomizes his final stand, although such a stand is also reflected in a less explicit and less emphatic way during the latter period of the second phase. The paper also briefly addresses where Jung and Jungians have been enigmatic or negligent. For example, it has not been explicated fully why compensation as slight modifications and compensation as parallels to waking life situations are rare in Jung’s cases In addition, contemporary cognitive and neuroscientific approaches to the study of dreams, as represented by Harry Hunt, William Domhoff, and Allan Hobson, among others, are presented in connection with Jung. The juxtaposition of Jungian, cognitive, and neuroscientific approaches showcases how cognitive and scientific findings challenge, enrich, and in some ways confirm Jung’s dream theory and praxis.
Surrogates of Long-Term Vitamin D Exposure and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Two Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Prescott Jennifer , Bertrand Kimberly , Poole Elizabeth , Rosner Bernard , Tworoger Shelley
Published: November 2013

Experimental evidence and ecologic studies suggest a protective role of vitamin D in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, epidemiologic studies using individual level data have been inconsistent. We evaluated ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, vitamin D intake, and predicted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels as long-term surrogates of vitamin D exposure within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. We estimated incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of overall ovarian cancer and by histologic subtype using Cox proportional hazards models. Between 1976 and 2010 in NHS and 1989 and 2011 in NHSII, we identified a total of 1,225 incident epithelial ovarian cancer cases (NHS: 970, NHSII: 255) over 4,628,648 person-years of follow-up. Cumulative average UV-B exposure was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in NHS (Ptrend = 0.08), but was associated with reduced risk in NHSII (highest vs. lowest category RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.89; Ptrend < 0.01). When stratified by histologic subtype, UV-B flux was positively associated with risk of serous tumors in NHS (Ptrend < 0.01), but inversely associated in NHSII (Ptrend = 0.01). Adjusted for confounders, ovarian cancer risk was not associated with vitamin D intake from food or supplements or with predicted 25(OH)D levels. Our study does not strongly support a protective role for vitamin D in ovarian cancer risk.
A Novel Wind Turbine Concept Based on an Electromagnetic Coupler and the Study of Its Fault Ride-through Capability
Authors: You Rui , Barahona Braulio , Chai Jianyun , Cutululis Nicolaos
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a novel type of variable speed wind turbine with a new drive train different from the variable speed wind turbine commonly used nowadays. In this concept, a synchronous generator is directly coupled with the grid, therefore, the wind turbine transient overload capability and grid voltage support capability can be significantly improved. An electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device (EMCD) is used to connect the gearbox high speed shaft and synchronous generator rotor shaft, transmitting torque to the synchronous generator, while decoupling the gearbox side and the synchronous generator, so the synchronous generator torque oscillations during a grid fault are not transmitted to the gearbox. The EMCD is composed of an electromagnetic coupler and a one quadrant operation converter with reduced capability and low cost. A control strategy for the new wind turbine is proposed and a 2 MW wind turbine model is built to study the wind turbine fault ride-through capability. An integrated simulation environment based on the aeroelastic code HAWC2 and software Matlab/Simulink is used to study its fault ride-through capability and the impact on the structural loads during grid three phase and two phase short circuit faults.
Allometries for Widely Spaced Populus ssp. and Betula ssp. in Nurse Crop Systems
Authors: Stark Hendrik , Nothdurft Arne , Bauhus Jürgen
Published: November 2013

Nurse crops of widely spaced pioneer trees are a silvicultural approach to protect the regeneration of frost sensitive target tree species. If overstorey nurse crops are harvested, they can provide additional short-term benefits through increased biomass production, e.g., for bioenergy. However, the intensification of biomass exports from forests might impact negatively on ecosystem nutrient pools. Thus, precise allometric biomass equations are required to quantify biomass and nutrient removals. Since an analysis of published allometric equations developed for typical, dense aspen or birch forests showed that the tree height-to-diameter ratio correlated positively and the proportion of branch biomass negatively with stand density, we developed new allometric biomass equations for widely spaced aspen and birch growing at 4 x 4 m spacing. These equations yielded a root mean squared error of 13% when predicting total aboveground woody biomass for our sample trees. In contrast, the corresponding root mean squared error produced by allometric biomass equations from the literature ranged between 17% to 106% of actual dry biomass. Our results show that specific allometric biomass equations are needed for widely spaced pioneer trees both for accurate estimates of biomass and the nutrients contained within.
Potential for Climate Change Mitigation in Degraded Forests: A Study from La Primavera, México
Authors: Balderas Torres Arturo , Ontiveros Enríquez Ricardo , Skutsch Margaret , Lovett Jon
Published: November 2013

Forests contribute to climate change mitigation by removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing it in biomass and other carbon pools. Additionally, since appropriate forest management can reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to estimate the magnitude of these services to include them into climate policy. We used a forest inventory stratified by canopy cover in the oak-pine forest of La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in México (30,500 ha), to assess the potential provision of forest carbon services. Inventory results were used in combination with a Landsat image to estimate carbon stocks in arboreal biomass. Potential carbon removals were calculated from published allometric equations and models estimating tree growth rates, for enhancements in forested areas and for reforestation/afforestation. Carbon stocks estimated in arboreal biomass at the time of the inventory were 4.16 MtCO2eq (3.42–4.89). The potential for further carbon sequestration and enhancement could take the level of stocks up to 9.77 MtCO2eq (7.66–11.89, 95% confidence interval); previous fires have degraded carbon stocks below their natural potential. The results present a gradient of carbon stocks for different degradation levels and are consistent with national and international estimates and previous local research. The baseline for the estimation of reduced emissions is critical for assessing the overall contribution of forests to mitigate climate change. The local baseline of emissions might be around 1% according to historical data; however, when enhancements and reduced emissions are valuated together, a baseline of 3.7% is required to prevent the creation of perverse incentives favouring previously degraded areas; considering these figures for reduced emissions, the yearly carbon services provided by La Primavera, including enhancements, sequestration and reduced emissions, could be between 169.4 ktCO2eq/year (134.8–204.5) and 282.1 ktCO2eq/year (228.2–337.1), respectively. Over a period of 60 years, this would be equivalent to 2.4 and 4.1 times the magnitude of mean standing stocks at the time of the inventory. If incentive-based mechanisms are used to maintain and enhance forest carbon services and perverse incentives are to be avoided, a balanced mix of incentives and controls is needed.
Towards Water-Free Tellurite Glass Fiber for 2–5 μm Nonlinear Applications
Authors: Feng Xian , Shi Jindan , Segura Martha , White Nicolas , Kannan Pradeesh , Calvez Laurent , Zhang Xianghua , Brilland Laurent , Loh Wei
Published: November 2013

We report our recent progress on fabricating dehydrated tellurite glass fibers. Low OH content (1 ppm in weight) has been achieved in a new halogen-containing lead tellurite glass fiber. Low OH-induced attenuation of 10 dB/m has been confirmed in the range of 3–4 µm using three measurement methods. This shows the dehydrated halo-tellurite glass fiber is a promising candidate for nonlinear applications in a 2–5 µm region.
Compensation and Resettlement Policies after Compulsory Land Acquisition for Hydropower Development in Vietnam: Policy and Practice
Authors: Ty Pham , Van Westen A. , Zoomers Annelies
Published: November 2013

Under Vietnam’s State land ownership regime, the Government holds supreme authority over compulsory land acquisition. The results show that many improvements in land acquisition policies have been made, but poor implementation measures largely cannot prevent or even mitigate the adverse impacts on displaced persons. In particular, ineffective compensation measures and a lack of production land and livelihood alternatives accelerate the resistance of communities displaced as a result of hydropower development. The close alliance between the local government and the investor, which is considered as an “interest group”, is the main factor that leads to the ignorance of benefits of displaced people within the compulsory land acquisition process.
Bone Mass and Mineral Metabolism Alterations in Adult Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach
Authors: Di Stefano Michele , Mengoli Caterina , Bergonzi Manuela , Corazza Gino
Published: November 2013

Osteoporosis affects many patients with celiac disease (CD), representing the consequence of calcium malabsorption and persistent activation of mucosal inflammation. A slight increase of fracture risk is evident in this condition, particularly in those with overt malabsorption and in postmenopausal state. The adoption of a correct gluten-free diet (GFD) improves bone derangement, but is not able to normalize bone mass in all the patients. Biomarkers effective in the prediction of bone response to gluten-free diet are not yet available and the indications of guidelines are still imperfect and debated. In this review, the pathophysiology of bone loss is correlated to clinical aspects, defining an alternative proposal of management for this condition.
Improved Large-Scale Process Cooling Operation through Energy Optimization
Authors: Kapoor Kriti , Powell Kody , Cole Wesley , Kim Jong , Edgar Thomas
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a study based on real plant data collected from chiller plants at the University of Texas at Austin. It highlights the advantages of operating the cooling processes based on an optimal strategy. A multi-component model is developed for the entire cooling process network. The model is used to formulate and solve a multi-period optimal chiller loading problem, posed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The results showed that an average energy savings of 8.57% could be achieved using optimal chiller loading as compared to the historical energy consumption data from the plant. The scope of the optimization problem was expanded by including a chilled water thermal storage in the cooling system. The effect of optimal thermal energy storage operation on the net electric power consumption by the cooling system was studied. The results include a hypothetical scenario where the campus purchases electricity at wholesale market prices and an optimal hour-by-hour operating strategy is computed to use the thermal energy storage tank.
Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 Contributes to Escherichia coli Meningitis
Authors: Wang Ming-Hsien , Kim Kwang
Published: November 2013

E. coli is the most common Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal meningitis, and E. coli meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Recent reports of E. coli meningitis caused by antimicrobial resistant strains are a particular concern. These findings indicate that a novel strategy is needed to identify new targets for prevention and therapy of E. coli meningitis. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is a bacterial virulence factor associated principally with E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection and meningitis. We have shown that CNF1 contributes to E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier and penetration into the brain, the essential step in the development of E. coli meningitis, and identified the host receptor for CNF1, 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor (37LRP). CNF1, however, is a cytoplasmic protein and its contribution to E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier requires its secretion from the bacterial cytoplasm. No signal peptide is found in the CNF1 sequence. CNF1 secretion is, therefore, a strategy utilized by meningitis-causing E. coli to invade the blood-brain barrier. Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in CNF1 secretion, as shown in this report with the involvement of Fdx and YgfZ provides the novel information on potential targets for prevention and therapy of E. coli meningitis by virtue of targeting the secretion of CNF1.
The Expression of Type-1 and Type-2 Nitric Oxide Synthase in Selected Tissues of the Gastrointestinal Tract during Mixed Mycotoxicosis
Authors: Gajęcka Magdalena , Stopa Ewa , Tarasiuk Michał , Zielonka Łukasz , Gajęcki Maciej
Published: November 2013

The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that intoxication with low doses of mycotoxins leads to changes in the mRNA expression levels of nitric oxide synthase-1 and nitric oxide synthase-2 genes in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The experiment involved four groups of immature gilts (with body weight of up to 25 kg) which were orally administered zearalenone in a daily dose of 40 μg/kg BW (group Z, n = 18), deoxynivalenol at 12 μg/kg BW (group D, n = 18), zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (group M, n = 18) or placebo (group C, n = 21) over a period of 42 days. The lowest mRNA expression levels of nitric oxide synthase-1 and nitric oxide synthase-2 genes were noted in the sixth week of the study, in particular in group M. Our results suggest that the presence of low mycotoxin doses in feed slows down the mRNA expression of both nitric oxide synthase isomers, which probably lowers the concentrations of nitric oxide, a common precursor of inflammation.
HPV Genotyping 9G Membrane Test
Authors: Sayyed Danishmalik , Song Keum-Soo , Nimse Satish , An Heejung , Kim Junghoon , Kim Taisun
Published: November 2013

The results of the genital human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in 439 cervical samples by cervical cytology were compared with sequencing analysis and a newly developed HPV genotyping 9G membrane test. The excellent sensitivity and specificity of the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test was assured by a signal to noise ratio of more than 300 and a target hybridization to non-target hybridization ratio of 300 ~ 400 at 25 °C. The final results can be obtained in 29 min by simple loading of the hybridization and washing solutions and scanning the membranes without any drying steps or special handling. The 100% identical results of the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test with sequencing results in 439 clinical samples demonstrate significant clinical application for this test. HPV genotyping 9G membrane tests can identify and discriminate five HR-HPV genotypes which are prevalent in almost 87% of cervical cancer cases. Its simple handling makes the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test a very convenient platform for accurate HPV genotyping.
Formes d’identifications au cours de l’entrée dans l’âge adulte
Authors: Maillochon Florence , Selz Marion
Published: November 2013

Cet article vise à décrire le processus d’autonomisation des « jeunes adultes » , c’est-à-dire la manière dont des individus en devenir s’identifient au cours d’une période riche en événements, et généralement désignée dans la littérature sociologique comme le « passage à l’âge adulte » . Un double déplacement de problématique par rapport à une approche structurelle en termes d’âge de vie est proposé. En premier lieu, il s’agit d’observer ce passage comme la construction d’une « autonomie relationnelle » plus qu’une quête d’indépendance principalement matérielle et financière. En second lieu, il s’agit de ne pas rester à un constat purement objectiviste du franchissement de certains seuils, mais de mettre ces transitions en regard de perceptions subjectives et de différentes formes d’identifications. L’analyse du sous-échantillon des moins de 35 ans de l’enquête Histoire de vie (INSEE-INED) montre que c’est moins le mécanisme de mise à distance de certains liens (avec la famille d’origine notamment) que la capacité d’en nouer de nouveaux (conjugal en particulier) qui permet de rendre compte de la configuration des modes d’identification des « jeunes adultes » .
L’utilité sociale des associations : à la recherche d’une convention de coordination
Authors: Trouvé Hélène , Jolivet Patrick
Published: November 2013

The social usefulness of associations : looking for a coordination convention.

In France, social usefulness seems to be becoming a tool for establishing the identity and the legitimacy of associations. Standing alternatively as a regulatory tool (for the authorities) and a signaling tool (for the associations), social usefulness appears to be an unstabilized notion. This article aims at determining whether construction of a convention concerning social usefulness by all participants in the associative sector makes it possible to stabilize it. With this end, the authors use the conceptual framework of the economics of conventions. They rely on the example of integration by economic activity.
Les dépenses d’action sociale des CAF en 2008
Authors: Escande Marie-Thérèse
Published: November 2013

FRE: Prestations de service, Action sociale familiale, Contrats, Subventions.
La pauvreté infantile au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Bradshaw Jonathan
Published: November 2013

La pauvreté des enfants est au coeur des préoccupations de politique intérieure du gouvernement britannique, qui s’est engagé à l’éradiquer d’ici à 2020. Cet article décrit la stratégie actuelle de lutte contre la pauvreté infantile. Il analyse les résultats obtenus jusqu’ici et explique pourquoi le gouvernement ne parviendra pas à atteindre son objectif intermédiaire, à savoir diviser la pauvreté infantile par deux d’ici à 2010. La situation de départ était très mauvaise. En outre, les efforts visant à faire reculer la pauvreté infantile n’ont pas débuté assez tôt et ont été insuffisants. Ils s’appuyaient également excessivement sur des objectifs d’emploi qui se sont révélés trop ambitieux.
Familles et pauvreté : aspects statiques et dynamiques
Authors: Lorgnet Jean-Paul , Pujol Jérôme
Published: November 2013

FRE: Pauvreté, Pauvreté monétaire, Familles pauvres.
Mesure des bas revenus : enjeux méthodologiques sur les données des caisses d’Allocations familiales
Authors: Debras Brigitte
Published: November 2013

FRE: Pauvreté, Bas revenus, caisses d’Allocations familiales.
Compenser le coût des enfants : quelles implications pour les politiques familiales ?
Authors: Thévenon Olivier
Published: November 2013

FRE: Coût de l’enfant, Comparaisons internationales, Politiques familiales.
Le travail ne protège pas forcément de la pauvreté [Quatre foyers allocataires à bas revenus sur dix comprennent au moins un travailleur]
Authors: Chemineau Danie , Quiroga Armelle , Mary-Portas France-Line
Published: November 2013

FRE: Pauvreté, Travailleurs pauvres, Bas revenus, Prestations.
Évolution de la répartition des tâches domestiques après l’arrivée d’un enfant
Authors: Régnier-Loilier Arnaud , Hiron Céline
Published: November 2013

Malgré l’arrivée massive des femmes sur le marché du travail à partir des années 1960 et une progression de la « norme » égalitaire, le partage des tâches domestiques reste très inégalitaire au sein du couple. Par ailleurs, la répartition du travail domestique n’est pas figée et les inégalités entre femmes et hommes se renforcent au fil des années ou au gré d’événements familiaux ou professionnels. À partir de l’enquête longitudinale Étude des relations familiales et intergénérationnelle, réalisée par l’Institut national d’études démographiques et l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques en 2005 et 2008, cet article examine l’incidence de l’arrivée d’un enfant sur le partage du travail domestique entre les conjoints. Bien que l’ampleur des changements en matière d’organisation domestique soit faible en trois ans de temps, on note un renforcement des inégalités parmi les couples ayant eu un enfant entre 2005 et 2008, en partie dû à l’éloignement des femmes du marché du travail. Leur plus forte implication dans la sphère ménagère s’accompagne, en outre, d’une plus grande implication dans les tâches parentales et conduit à davantage d’insatisfaction de leur part.
Réformer les aides sociales locales dans le nouveau contexte du revenu de solidarité active
Authors: Anne Denis , L'Horty Yannick
Published: November 2013

La mise en oeuvre du revenu de solidarité active (RSA) modifie, de façon assez profonde, le paysage de l’aide sociale en France. Les offreurs locaux d’aides à caractère social, les villes, les départements, les régions, les caisses d’Allocations familiales et les associations caritatives vont pouvoir réagir à la réforme nationale en ajustant leurs prestations dans un sens susceptible de prendre des directions variées selon les localités. Ces ajustements peuvent, le cas échéant, compliquer, voire même contredire, la réalisation des objectifs fixés à la réforme du RSA. Dans ce contexte, cet article explore plusieurs scénarios d’ajustement des politiques sociales locales. Les auteurs se concentrent sur les ajustements des barèmes des aides sociales financières en négligeant leurs autres aspects (évolution des contreparties demandées aux bénéficiaires, contrôle des conditionnalités, dispositifs d’accompagnement…). Sept scénarios ont été construits pour décrire les différentes réactions possibles des offreurs d’aides sociales locales, et en déduire leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. Sur la base des résultats des simulations, sont dessinés les contours d’une réforme locale à budget constant, ne pénalisant pas le retour à l’emploi, ne faisant pas de perdants parmi les bénéficiaires des aides sociales locales, cohérente avec l’esprit de la réforme nationale, et qui pose peu de difficultés de mise en oeuvre.
Présence des personnes d’origine étrangère dans les minima sociaux et retour à l’emploi
Authors: Gelot Didier , Minni Claude
Published: November 2013

Presence of people with a immigrant background in minimum welfare and return to employment.

A survey conducted by the DREES in 2006 has cast light for the first time on the extent of immigrants and descendants of immigrants compared to French-born beneficiaries of revenu minimum d’insertion (RMI), allocation de solidarité spécifique (ASS) and allocation de parent isolé (ASI) benefits. The study also offered information for RMI recipients concerning the role played by follow-up and their future after ceasing to receive minimum welfare benefits. Immigrants of African origin are poorer than French-born recipients and are three times more numerous in these welfare benefits than in the working population age group. Immigrants receiving ASS and RMI benefits, irrespective of their origins, declared that they accessed certain rights less often than French-born recipients for such needs as health, housing, food or clothing assistance. On a comparable basis in terms of sex, age, qualifications and time receiving the RMI, there were few differences with regard to support, occupation in a job, withdrawal from welfare and transfer to employment by geographic origin of the recipients.

Didier Gelot and Claude Minni
Le rôle de la famille dans la transmission politique entre les générations [Histoire et bilan des études de socialisation politique ]
Authors: Tournier Vincent
Published: November 2013

The role of the family in political transmission between generations. History and review of political socialisation studies.

This article attempts to review the studies focusing on the family’s political influence. After considering the origins of contemporary debates, the article shows that the advent of scientific considerations has been gradual since the Second World War in research on political socialisation of children. In the early phase, which could be described as “ pre-scientific”, the dominant approaches were relatively categorical. Subsequent consideration cast doubt on the initial certainty, in particular with regard to the position of children and the real impact of the family in imparting political opinions. Subsequently, analyses have been enhanced, which would make it possible now to consider new avenues for research.
Les assistantes maternelles en France, en 2008 : des accueils et des salaires variés
Authors: Tesson Carine , Bideau Gérard , Besacier Martine
Published: November 2013

FRE: Petite enfance, Assistantes maternelles, Salaires.
Précarités et éducation familiale [Xe congrès de l’Association internationale de formation et recherche en éducation familiale]
Authors: Vérité Catherine
Published: November 2013

FRE: Précarité, Éducation familiale, Parentalité.
Les migrants exercent-ils une influence croissante sur la fécondité en Europe ?
Authors: Sobotka Tomáš
Published: November 2013

Cet article s’intéresse à l’influence de l’immigration sur les tendances de la fécondité dans les pays d’Europe de l’Ouest, du Nord et du Sud qui, ces dernières décennies, ont reçu un nombre d’immigrants relativement élevé. Il analyse la contribution des migrants au total des naissances et compare les taux de fécondité des migrantes à ceux des femmes natives, mettant ainsi en évidence des différences considérables entre catégories de migrantes. Il examine également les données relatives à la convergence progressive (« assimilation » ) de la fécondité des migrantes avec les profils de fécondité des femmes natives, ainsi que l’impact net des migrants sur l’indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité (ICF). Cette exploration révèle que, dans l’ensemble, l’ICF des migrantes reste supérieur à celui des femmes natives, mais que cet écart se réduit au cours du temps et à mesure que la durée de séjour des migrantes s’allonge. Les immigrants ont finalement très peu contribué à la hausse de l’ICF récemment observée.
Histoire de la contraception masculine [L’expérience de l’Association pour la recherche et le développement de la contraception masculine (1979-1986)]
Authors: Desjeux Cyril
Published: November 2013

FRE: Contraception, Rapports sociaux de sexe, Masculinité.
La conciliation famille-emploi par l’accession à un congé parental aux États-Unis : un lent cheminement inachevé.
Authors: Fusulier Bernard
Published: November 2013

En n’offrant pas de congés rémunérés et protégés pour raisons parentales (congé de maternité, de paternité, d’adoption, parental…) accessibles à l’ensemble des salarié-e-s et employé-e-s du pays, les États-Unis font figure d’exception dans le monde occidental. Partant de ce constat et prenant appui sur une revue de la littérature universitaire ciblée et d’actes institutionnels posés au cours des dernières décennies, l’auteur expose les grands traits de la transaction sociale autour de la « non institutionnalisation » de tels congés dans la société américaine. Remontant aux travaux pionniers du milieu des années 1970, il retrace à la fois l’intense travail de problématisation de la question parentale dans une société en transformation et la grande inertie en matière de réponse politique. Cet article livre ainsi un panorama synthétique du débat sociohistoriquement situé de la problématique de l’articulation travail-famille aux États-Unis.
Les mères japonaises et coréennes en situation de monoparentalité : un risque de précarité.
Authors: Kondo Rie
Published: November 2013

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les formes et les conditions d’emploi des mères en situation de monoparentalité au Japon et en Corée du Sud, en portant l’attention sur deux principaux mouvements : l’individualisation au sein des familles et les effets de la mondialisation. L’analyse dans ces deux pays a été réalisée à partir d’entretiens et de questionnaires. Plus précisément, cet article s’intéresse, dans un premier temps, au statut d’emploi des mères en situation de monoparentalité. L’analyse est complétée par les conséquences des préjugés qui pèsent dans ces sociétés sur l’isolement de ces mères et les comportements généraux à l’égard du travail des femmes. L’article met ainsi au jour les difficultés d’accès à l’emploi et les risques de précarité pour les femmes vivant en situation de monoparentalité.
Les expérimentations petite enfance : des parents un peu mieux informés
Authors: Vérité Catherine , Chauffaut Delphine , Boyer Danielle
Published: November 2013

FRE: Petite enfance, Mode d’accueil, Évaluation politiques publiques.
Le cacao vénézuélien : une plantation à front pionnier
Authors: Harwich Vallenilla Nikita
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Contrariamente a otras unidades de producción orientales hacia la agro-exportación, el cacaotal venezolano no es un latifundio sino una finca de extensión relativamente modesta y cuya valorización resulta en lo esencial de un frente pionero con frecuencia asimilado, a nivel concreto, a las características de una explotación familiar, aunque la mano de obra utilizada fuera durante siglos una mano de obra esclava. Paradójicamente, es esta estructura familiar la que ha venido permitiendo que subsista el cacaotal venezolano.
Travailleurs étrangers dans la plantation sucrière à Cuba : « Los chinos », de Hernández Catá
Authors: Déjean Maryline
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Pour faire face à l'augmentation de la demande de sucre au moment de la Première Guerre mondiale, la plantation sucrière cubaine fait appel à de la main-d'œuvre étrangère. Dans son récit « Los chinos », Alfonso Hernández Cata s'inspire des conflits sociaux des années 1910, liés à l'expansion de cette production, et relate les difficiles conditions de vie des ouvriers du sucre et les violences des mouvements de grève.
Zone Bananière de Santa Marta : les planteurs de l'or vert
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- En el imperio de la United Fruit, la Zona Bananera de Santa Marta se distinguió por el importante número de los productores locales. Estos tuvieron ademas un papel central en el gran drama de la historia de la Zona, la huelga de 1928. Completada por los testimonios y las crónicas sobre la huelga, la historiografía permite conocer bastante bien ese grupo de productores pero, con enfoques que van desde lo trágico hasta lo grotesco, el relato de ficción también contribuye a ese conocimiento.
Le mot 'Plantation' au Brésil : de l'historiographie à la mémoire des coupeurs de canne
Authors: Rufino Dabat Christine
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- In Brazil, the word «plantation», as written in English, has acquired a large semantic field and gained strength through its association with modernity ; this fact was used by employers to define in their favour the recent history of work relations in the sugar region of Pernambouc. The evidences of rural workmen engaged in the sugar fields largely refute this diagnosis.
Paupérisation des petits viticulteurs du Chili
Authors: Tulet Jean-Christian
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- En unos cuantos años el viñedo chileno ha duplicado sus superfícies. Este auge excepcional ha sido posible merced a una transformación radical de los sistemas de producción y de las orientaciones comerciales, por medio de muy cuantiosas inversiones. Ya produce Chile vinos de mediana calidad con destino al extranjero. Esta evolución margina aún más a los pequeños productores, siempre muy numerosos, que se ven cada vez más confinados en la mera producción de uva. El sistema cooperativo, que era más bien modesto, no ha resistido las transformaciones impuestas por la dictadura y ha desaparecido prácticamente. Así quedan los productores más sometidos que antes al poder de los bodegueros, que monopolizan los medios de fabricación del vino.
Présence du mythe unitaire bolivarien dans les traités d'alliance inter-latino-américains au XIXe siècle
Authors: Blasco Nathalie
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El modelo globalizador bolivariano se basa en la certidumbre de que una geopolítica de bloques era necesaria en el siglo XIX en el continente americano. A partir del Congreso Anfictiónico de Panamá (1826) todos los grandes proyectos unitarios latinoamericanos se concibieron según esta óptica : federaciones, confederaciones, alianzas permanentes. Se podía notar en la realización de asambleas, congresos, conferencias, tratados de amistad, los cuales, con grandes deficiencias, limitaciones, y pocos resultados, revelaban la existencia de una comunidad y un movimiento insistente hacia la unión.
Veinte poemas. Veinte postales. Sobre el primer libro de poemas de Oliverio Girondo
Authors: Camurati Francesca
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Ouverture sur la scène de la Buenos Aires des années 1910, avec une attention spécifique pour les changements qui déterminent la formation d'une nouvelle sensibilité. C'est dans ce cadre, où l'esprit de l'avant-garde cohabite avec la sensibilité criollista, que sont revisités les Veinte poemas para ser leídos en el tranvía (Oliverio Girondo), les stratégies choisies pour rendre compte de la « nouvelle sensibilité » et la façon dont celle-ci se reflète dans le recueil.
El Chulla Romero y Flores: Icaza ou l'art de la mise en scène
Authors: Suárez Modesta
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- De toute la production narrative de Jorge Icaza, El Chulla Romero y Flores est sans doute le roman qui permet le mieux à l'auteur équatorien de retrouver la réflexion et l'écriture théârale qu'il pratiqua à ses débuts. Avec le personnage du chulla, Icaza expérimente la figure nouvelle et urbaine du métis, sortant ainsi des chemins indigénistes qu'il avait largement contribué à creuser.
Les mousquetaires à Mexico. A propos de Sombra de la sombra
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT - Sombra de la sombra can be read as a free adaptation of The Three Musketeers which inserts Dumas's characters in the 1922 Mexico, at the dawn of Obregon's mandate. The heroic action occurring in the large national territory belongs to the past and the Mexican Revolution has engendered a political system which doesn't permit anything else but submission or compromise. Taibo II's four friends inside the novel lack control upon the historical process as well as upon their own adventure. Suffering instead of acting —unlike d'Artagnan and his companions—, they are confronted with the unfathomable schemes of a cynical power perpetrating new abuses and new crimes. They can expect neither gratitude nor reconciliation. While the country evolves without them and against them, all they have left as far as space goes, is a city under control, whose changes also bear witness of a collective future which goes beyond them.
Polars sous le Tropique du Capricorne
Authors: Fernandes Carla
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN - La novela negra y el cuento tal y como los elabora Francisco (Pancho) Oddone, escritor argentino, ubicado en Paraguay desde hace un cuarto de siglo. Se inscribe en las normas y la tradición del género pero el encuentro de su detective —un estereotipo- con la ciudad renueva la imagen y la representación literaria de Asunción.
Ecos de un conflicto: la invasión napoleónica a España desde la prensa habanera
Authors: Figueredo Cabrera Katia
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ - A l'aube du XIXe siècle, l'occupation de l'Espagne par les armées de Napoléon constitua un événement décisif pour le Nouveau Monde. Mais un développement socioéconomique variable fit que les réactions à l'événement y furent très variables. Les spécificités de Cuba empêchèrent l'intégration de l'île aux processus indépendantistes et la conduisirent à choisir la fidélité à la Métropole.
Stem Cell Salvage of Injured Peripheral Nerve
Authors: Grimoldi Nadia , Colleoni Federica , Tiberio Francesca , Vetrano Ignazio G. , Cappellari Alberto , Costa Antonella , Belicchi Marzia , Razini Paola , Giordano Rosaria , Spagnoli Diego , Pluderi Mauro , Gatti Stefano , Morbin Michela , Gaini Sergio M. , Rebulla Paolo , Bresolin Nereo , Torrente Yvan
Published: November 2013

We previously developed a collagen tube filled with autologous skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) for bridging long rat sciatic nerve gaps. Here we present a case report describing a compassionate use of this graft for repairing the polyinjured motor and sensory nerves of the upper arms of a patient. Preclinical assessment was performed with collagen/SDSC implantation in rats after sectioning the sciatic nerve. For the patient, during the 3-year follow-up period, functional recovery of injured median and ulnar nerves was assessed by pinch gauge test and static two-point discrimination and touch test with monofilaments, along with electophysiological and MRI examinations. Preclinical experiments in rats revealed rescue of sciatic nerve and no side effects of patient-derived SDSC transplantation (30 and 180 days of treatment). In the patient treatment, motor and sensory functions of the median nerve demonstrated ongoing recovery postimplantation during the follow-up period. The results indicate that the collagen/SDSC artificial nerve graft could be used for surgical repair of larger defects in major lesions of peripheral nerves, increasing patient quality of life by saving the upper arms from amputation.
The total synthesis of D-chalcose and its C-3 epimer
Authors: Sun Jun , Fan Song , Wang Zhan , Zhang Guoning , Bao Kai , Zhang Weige
Published: November 2013

We completed a new and efficient synthesis of D-chalcose (I) and the first synthesis of its C-3 epimer (I′) in nine steps with overall yields of 23% and 24%, respectively. The key steps in the sequence were the formation of the stereocenter on C3 via Grignard reaction, the introduction of the stereogenic center on C2 by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, the protection of the C1 and C2 hydroxy groups with tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TBSOTf), and the selective cleavage of the primary OTBS ether using catalytic DL-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) in MeOH.
The Competitiveness and Strategies in Global Financial System
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Hacıoğlu Ümit
Published: November 2013

The concept of strategic change in financial systems consists of various internal and external environmental elements. Effective company strategies determine the fate of companies in volatile market conditions. Companies in financial systems have to adopt new technologies and implement new strategies in order to achieve a competitive position in the marketplace. Developing competitive ideas and strategies relies on organizational change. It is shaped by internal and external factors that mostly provide the formation of strategic change. In this regard, market developments and the changing structure of demand are of vital importance. In this chapter, a strategic approach to competitiveness in financial system is developed. Moreover, the fundamentals of competitiveness on financial and economic systems are evaluated, and the interaction between financial development and global competitiveness is assessed.
Impact of Microfinance Bank Credit Scheme
Authors: Asogwa Benjamin Chijioke , Ater Peter Iorhon , Yakubu Sani Madi
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to examine impact of microfinance bank credit scheme on maize farmers in Gombe State, Nigeria, using data from 90 randomly sampled maize farmers in Gombe State. The study showed that majority of the respondents (53.33%) accessed amount of credit ranging between 30,000 and less than 50,000 Naira. Majority of the farmers (85.56%) used their credit for the purpose of farm production. Majority of respondents (58.89%) recorded in increase in maize output as result of the intervention of the microfinance credit scheme. Majority of the respondents (86.67%) repaid credit collected. The microfinance credit scheme intervention significantly improved the output and income of the respondents. Ineffective organizational structure of the credit institutions constituted the major constraint in accessing microfinance credits. Microfinance credit facilities extended to the farmers should be improved upon in both quantity and quality. The organizational structure of microfinance institutions should be reorganized to reduce bottlenecks in accessing credits.
Globalization of Financial Risks and Evaluation of Common Stocks
Authors: Cinar Dilaysu
Published: November 2013

Risk can be defined as uncertainty about the events that will occur in the future. Risks are encountered in all areas of life, and become more important when it comes to financial markets. Risk in financial markets is defined as investment securities. If the investment vehicle is government bonds or treasury bills, they are considered to be free of risk. Because of the sudden changes in exchange rates in the process of globalization or fluctuations in interest rates influencing the cash flows of companies, most companies consider hedging as a viable part of the globalization strategy. Risk management policies to ease problems and disasters, which may arise from the use of instruments. The stock market serves as a bridge between economic activity and finance under favor of functions such as reducing the risk of investment, and it meets the capital needs for companies. For this reason, the development of stock markets plays an important role for the global economy and finance. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to introduce financial risks and their effect on common stocks.
Innovative Strategies Devised by Indian Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Marakkath Nadiya
Published: November 2013

This study is a discussion on the Non-Governmental Organization-Microfinance Institution Partnership Model and the Securitization Model used by Indian microfinance institutions to achieve cost efficiency. These two models are effective strategies devised and used by efficient and sustainable Indian MFIs to reduce their operating cost and financing cost. Achieving such cost efficiency is crucial for microfinance institutions to attain operational self-sustainability without levying high interest rates. Using the interview method, the study elicits information on these innovative strategies and recommends them to be worthy of emulation for other microfinance institutions operating in the Indian microfinance industry.
Emerging Legal Issues in Banking Operations
Authors: Aslanova Kemale
Published: November 2013

This chapter deals with legal issues in banking activities, which have gained interest during the past decade. It determines the place of legal issues related to banking activities, such as consumer loans, credit cards, and electronic banking, which all have gained even more importance after the last global financial crisis. The chapter focuses on the comparative analysis of current legal issues in Turkey and in the European Union and the legal issues related to risks in the sphere of electronic banking and suggests potential strategies.
Preparing to Teach with Flipped Classroom in Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Ray Beverly B. , Powell Angiline
Published: November 2013

The chapter outlines best practices in the use of Flipped Classroom to promote active and meaningful learning in higher education, specifically preservice teacher preparation courses. The theoretical foundation supporting the use of Flipped Classroom is reviewed as well as issues related to its use. Recommendations as to how to integrate Flipped Classroom are examined as well. Linkage to the goals of teacher preparation programs are made to assure the reader’s understanding of the recommendations that follow.