bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Water and Salt Transport during the Leaching Process under Different Water Level in an Experimental Tank
Authors: Fu Teng Fei , Yu Hong Jun , Jia Yong Gang , Xu Xing Yong , Lian Sheng Li
Published: December 2013

Monitoring of coastal saline soil water and salt transport is of great value on the soil physics and irrigation studies. In this paper, a vertical infiltration experiment was conducted to monitor the vertical variation of resistivity in the leaching process under different water level in an experimental tank by the designed automatic monitoring device. The experimental results showed regardless of whether the groundwater exist, the resistivity peak moved down in the curve of leaching, and the desalination occurred from the top to bottom, the desalination depth remains the same with the same leaching amount. However, the groundwater reduced the speed of water and salt transport and affected the water and salt migration of upper soil due to the capillary force.
Modeling Infiltration-Runoff under Multi-Layered Soil during Rainfall
Authors: Gan Yong De , Jia Yang Wen , Wang Kang
Published: December 2013

The generalized Green-Ampt models, based on the Green-Ampt approach, is suitable for simulating infiltration into layered soils during unsteady rainfall, however, there are still some problems with using this approach. The objective of this paper is to improve the generalized Green-Ampt model, and then evaluate the performance of the generalized Green-Ampt model in modeling the infiltration-runoff into multi-layered soil during rain. Firstly, based on the generalized Green-Ampt model, we propose and improvement to the generalized Green-Ampt model to overcome deficiencies in it. Then, one-dimensional infiltration-runoff experiments during rainfall were performed in multi-layered soil columns, and the runoff rate, cumulative infiltration and wetting front distance from soil surface were calculated with the modified generalized Green-Ampt model, and compared with the observed data in the experiments. The results indicate that the modified generalized Green-Ampt model predicts the multi-layered soil infiltration-runoff process well.
Screening on Antagonistic Actinomycetes of Pepper Anthracnose
Authors: Jiang Gui Fang , Song Li
Published: December 2013

The 87 strains actinomycetes were separated and purificated from soil by dilution plate separation method, with pepper anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) as indicator pathogens, these actinomycetes had primary and secondary screening screened by cross method and mycelial growth inhibition method respectively, finally, three actinomycetes had obvious antimicrobial activity separated.
Decolourization of Kiscolon Scarlet 2KN by Persulfate
Authors: Hu Wei , Li Shen Xin , Ying Wang , Wang Cheng Duan
Published: December 2013

The decolourization of dye wastewater by persulfate was studied using kiscolon scarlet2KN as a model dye wastewater. Effects of several parameters, such as dose of oxidant, pH, temperature and UV irradiation, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the decolourization reaction of kiscolon scarlet2KN by persulfate could be fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetics model. In addition, when the oxidant amount used is 70 times of kiscolon scarlet2KN, pH 5.71 and reaction temperature for 70°C, kiscolon scarlet2KN decolorization rate can reach more than 98%. The results are useful for the treatment of dye wastewater.Keywords:Kiscolon scarlet 2KN, Decolourization, Persulfate
Spatial Econometric Analysis of Cultivated Land Change and its Influencing Factors in the Poyang Lake Eco-Economics Zone
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Qu , Xie Hua Lin
Published: December 2013

Spatio-temporal pattern of cultivated land change and its influencing factors in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone were conducted by exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results show that there is an obvious correlation for the spatial distribution of cultivated land in the Poyang Lake Eco-economics Zone. Its value of Morans I reduced from 0.4574 in 2002 to 0.4092 in 2008, and then increased to 0.4352 in 2009, which roughly presented a "U" type distribution. Total population is the most important factor that affecting the change of cultivated areas in the Poyang Lake Eco-economics Zone. Agricultural growth, average wage of urban residents and the fixed assets investment are also the main driving factors. Spatial auto-regression model is an effective tool for revaluating the spatial distribution of regional cultivated land, and revealing the evolution mechanisms of cultivated land.
Study on the Microstructure Feature and Strength Mechanism of the Tien Lake Peat Soil
Authors: Liu Yu , Cao Guang Zhu , Meng Yin Gui , Liu Meng Xin
Published: December 2013

Based on the mechanics test,microstructure detection means and component analysis test.We analyzed the microstructure, material composition and mechanical properties of Tien Lake peat soil.And we concluded the influence of microstructure on the strength mechanism.
Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau on the Global Response to Climate Change
Authors: Song E Ping , Zhang Ke Xin , Yi Sun , Lu Yan Qiu , Hong Han Lie
Published: December 2013

The collision between India and Eurasia plate led to form the Tibet Plateau, which was the largest plateau over the world, and the disappearance of the Paleotethys.The collision between India and Eurasia plate in Cenozoic led to the Tibet Plateau form, which was the largest plateau over the world, and the disappearance of the Paleotethys. Then the continents and oceans re-adjusted their distribution, the global distribution of land and sea and ocean circulation system occurred significant adjustments, which had changed the entire global atmospheric circulation momentum, coupled with the corresponding evolution of the biosphere, it made the extreme instability of Cenozoic climate change to be the main theme of the global environment change.
Regional Climate Evolution in Yangtze River Basin and Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Yin Shu Hua , Du Yan Liang , Wang Yu Chun , Zhou Huai Dong , Gao Bo , Peng Wen Qi , Liu Xiao Bo
Published: December 2013

Under the background of global climate change, the relationship of the construction of large reservoirs and the regional climate change became one of the hot research topics. Some researchers put forward the theory that the large reservoirs possibly emit considerable green house air, which might affect the regional climate. Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is one of large reservoirs in China, and its impacts on local climate are studied in this paper. The large scale long time series of hydrological and meteorological data in 1961~2008 is used to analyze the trend of the air temperature, precipitation, evaporation rate, rainstorm days, fog days, et. all in Yangtze River Basin and TGR area before and after the impoundment of TGR. The paper reveals that the consistency and specificity of the climate evolution in regional scale and country scale. In addition, the internal driving forces for the regional ecological environmental evolution are discussed.
Deformation Monitoring for Subway Tunnels Based on TLS
Authors: He Gui Zhen , Yang Jun
Published: December 2013

The paper studies Terrestrial Laser Scanning used in subway tunnel deformation monitoring. For special narrow subway tunnel structure, the accumulated error between the adjacent station can be eliminated by global registration pattern which is to set the common control point within the section ends. Point cloud slicing is used to calculate the radius of the circle by multi-point coordinate, deformation is fitted to curve to show the monitoring result by analyzing the center coordinates sequence trends and mean curvature. Three-dimensional model of subway tunnel not only improves the accuracy of deformation monitoring, but also reflects the overall deformation trend. This method is applied to monitor deformation for Shanghai Metro Line twelve, comparing with the total station method, high precision of deformation monitoring meet the need.
Soil Erosion Research Based on RS and USLE in Great Khinggan
Authors: Li Wei , Fan Wen Yi , Mao Xue Gang , Zhao Lin
Published: December 2013

Uses 2011 years TM/ETM images classification were land uses/cover type figure, combination Great Khinggan area digital elevation model (DEM), and soil type distribution figure and research regional rainfall information, we got all factors values of space distribution in the USLE model, got soil erosion volume estimates data and soil erosion strength distribution figure based on grid cell data. Result indicate that the micro-absolute percentage of erosion throughout the study area, with increasing slope, area of erosion and erosion gradually reduce trend increases with the elevation increases, reduced erosion area after, generally good soil and water conservation in the region.
Effect of La (III) on some Physiological Index and Ultrastructure of Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.)
Authors: Guo Shao Fen , Yu Shou Fu , Huang Xiao Hua
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the effect of La (III) on some physiological index and ultrastructure of honeysuckle leaves were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the effect of La (III) on honeysuckle growth depended on La (III) concentration. When the concentration of La (III) was low, it can increase POD activity, increase the chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b value, decrease the contents of MDA and H2O2, so the photosynthetic capacity was strengthened and the membrane lipid peroxidation was decreased. When the concentration of La (III) was high, La (III) could inhibit POD activity, decrease the chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b value, increase the contents of MDA and H2O2, so the photosynthetic capacity was inhibited and the membrane lipid peroxidation was increased. Meanwhile, the low concentration of La (III) did not destroy the cell structure, however, the high concentration of La (III) acted as a heavy metal and destroyed the cell structure and membrane system, La (III) showed a hormesis effecton honeysuckle growth.Abbreviations. ROS: reactive oxygen species, POD: peroxidase, CAT: catalase, SOD: superoide dismutase, MDA: malondialdehyde, TCA: trichloroacetic acid, REL: relative electrolyte leakage,
Acute Toxicity of Trimethyltin Choloride on the Sea Urchin (Strongylocentyotus intermedius) Embryos and Larvae
Authors: Wei Jie , Zhao Li Qiang , Wang Li , Cong Yu Ting , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2013

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is an organotin contaminant, widely detected in aqueous environments, posing potential human and environmental risks. In the present study, the embryo and larvae of sea urchinStrongylocentyotus intermediuswere used as a model to investigate the toxic effects of TMT. Data obtained from the TMT acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the Probit Analysis Statistical Method. The results show that TMT pollution decreased the fertilization ability of sperms, but no obvious effect on the eggs and fertilization ability. The 4-arm stage larva and the sperms are sensitive to TMT. It is suggest that low levels (36.63 μg/L) of TMT in the aquatic environment may have a significant effect on the reproduction and development of sea urchin.
Airflow Drying of Corn Stalks Particles in Straight Horizontal Tube
Authors: Zhang Xiao Nan , Lv Wei , Wang Xin Hai , Zhao Zhong Xia , Lin Xi Yu , Cheng Chao , Han Jian Wei
Published: December 2013

For analyzing initial moisture content of corn stalks, feed rate, airflow temperature and airflow velocity which affect drying, the experiment bench of air drying was established, industrial analysis, single factor and multi-factors orthogonal experiments for corn stalks were done. The drying curves about various factors were summed up to conclude airflow temperature is the most important factor which affects drying effect.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Porphyra by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Ying Chang , Wang Ya Li , Li Zuo Wei
Published: December 2013

Polysaccharide from Porphyra is a kind of important biological active substance. Therefore，it is significant to effectively develop and utilize the polysaccharide from porphyra and improve the economic and social benefits of porphyra. In this paper, polysaccharide was extracted by the method of hot water immersed extraction and ethanol precipitation. Extraction process of water-soluble polysaccharides from Porphyra was optimized by response surface methodology. The content of polysaccharide was determined by sulfuric acid to phenol method. The results show that the extraction time is 4.4 h, extraction temperature is 88°Cand the ratio of material to liquid is1:42(g/mL). Polysaccharide is precipitated with 5 folds volume of ethanol for 6 h. The proportion of the extraction of the porphyra polysaccharide under this industrial process conditions is 10.012%.
Optimization of Inferior Banana Saccharifiction with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ma Li Wei , Yang Jin Song , Zhang Li Juan , Tan Hai Sheng
Published: December 2013

A study was implemented, referring to inferior banana saccharification on the glycosylation interaction of α-amylase and Aspergillus niger. During the experiment of defective banana saccharification, the interaction of the additive amount of α-amylase, Aspergillus niger, initial pH, saccharification temperature and saccharification time was analyzed. On the basis of confirmation of solid-to-liquid ratio of inferior bananas, saccharification temperature and additive amount of α-amylase, the interaction of the additive amount of Aspergillus niger, the initial pH and saccharification time in the different response surface was experimented and analyzed, then the optimal proportions of glycosylation saccharifying inferior bananas were as follows: Aspergillus niger 0.5%, saccharification time 7 h, pH 4.61. Brix of reducing sugar is 16.693 mg/g.
Diversity and Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Papaya
Authors: Zhang Li Juan , Yang Jin Song , Ma Li Wei , Tan Hai Sheng , Zhou Han Lin , Liu Xiang Qian
Published: December 2013

Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains named MGP1, MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 were separated from papaya of Hainan province, which were identified bacterially using the classical classification and the sequences of 16S rRNA. The results show that MGP1, MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 are Weissella confusa, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus pentosus. The strain with strongest acid production capability is MGP17. Besides we have applied MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 in papaya pickle, and we find that pickle fermented with mixed strains obviously shortens fermentation time and reduces the nitrite content.
Study on Polyurethane Dispersions with PES/PPG and High-Solid Content
Authors: Wei Xiao Li , Zhang Fa Xing
Published: December 2013

A series of novel stable and high-solid-content polyurethane were prepared by self-emulsification,use PES and PPG as mixed soft segments.Influence of APAETMS content and mole ratio of PES/PPG on properties of polyurethane dispersions and films were analyzed .Results show that: the cross-linked complex were multivariate distribution in particle size. With an increase of the mass ratio of PES and PPG and content of APAETMS average particles diameter of polyurethane dispersions became bigger , poly-dispersion became wider., solid content of dispersions decrease.. It is also noticed that the high-solid-content dispersions exhibit a pseudo-plastic behavior, when the mass ratio of PES and PPG is 1:3 and content of APAETMS is 1%, the solid content of dispersions is up to 55%. The film also has a good shape memory behavior.
A Novel Catalytic Activity of Ce-Zr-Mn-OX Mixed Oxides for Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Zhang Qiu Lin , Song Zhong Xian , Ning Ping , Gu Jun Jie
Published: December 2013

A Ce-Zr-Mn-Ox(CZM) catalyst has been discovered for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3in the presence of O2. In this paper, The catalysts of CZM with 10~50 wt% MnO2content and Ce-Zr-O2(CZ) catalyst are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic activity of CZM catalysts at different temperatures, different space velocities and different ratios of NH3/NO are studied. The results show that the catalyst of CZM with 40 wt% MnO2content yields higher NO conversion at low temperature than others. This catalyst shows nearly 90% NOxconversion in a temperature range of 150°C~250 °C at a space velocity of 53000 h-1.
Preparation and Characterization of Moso Bamboo Charcoal Modified with Nitric Acid
Authors: Wu Guang Qian , Sun Xin Yuan , Zou Xia , Zhang Qi Sheng
Published: December 2013

The surface properties of a commercial moso bamboo charcoal had been selectively modified by means of acidic treatment, using HNO3 with the concentrations of 17%, 34%, and 68% (w/w) respectively at 25°C for 8 hours. The iodine number, moisture content of all samples were tested, and the results showed that the iodine number of modified samples decreased slightly, while the moisture content increased sharply compared with raw sample, the sample modified with 68% HNO3 got the most remarkable change of above parameters. The Boehm titration、FTIR and SEM were also introduced to characterize the surface properties of raw and modified samples, the results revealed that the amount of surface functional groups, including various oxygen-containing and a few nitrogen-containing groups increased significantly of modified samples, the surface became more coarse and a large amount of fine fragment was yielded in pore space and vascular bundle of modified samples because of the corrosion behaviour of HNO3 in the modification process.
Synthetic and Performance Research on the New Type Hydrogel with Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide Unit
Authors: Zhang Wu , Hou Lina , Li Ling , Fang Yun Dong , Song Chun Zheng , Gao Yi Nan
Published: December 2013

High acrylamide content hydrogel was synthesized under mild condition through a copolymerization reaction between acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) using N, N-methylenebis-acrylamide as crosslinker and potassium persulfate combination with sodium sulfite as initiator in aqueous solution. The factors with influence on water absorbency performance including molar ratio of AM to AA, neutralization degree, content of crosslinker and initiator were investigated. Further orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels were employed to determine the optimized conditions, in which not only water absorbency but also gel strength was taken into account.
Experimental Research on Filtration Performance of Different Filter Medias on Fine Particle Collection
Authors: Zheng Yan , Mao Ning , Liu Jing Xian , Chang De Qiang , Sun Xi
Published: December 2013

Bag filter is one of the most effective methods of dust catcher, and the filter medias is the core part of bag filters. In this paper, we studied the filtration performance of several common filter medias comparatively through experimental methods, and the results can provide certain basis for the dust removal performance improvement of filter medias.
Study on the Status of Grain Quality Security in Zhangjiagang City
Authors: Zhang Jie
Published: December 2013

The quality of cultivated land use of Zhangjiagang was surveyed and analyzed in 2009. Overall distribution of cultivated land is mainly the second and the third class. The first and the fourth class are less. Spatial distribution of heavy metals content in soil, rice and wheat roots was analyzed by IDW interpolation. The results show that the contents of Hg, As, Se, Pb and Cu in soil have a certain differences in the spatial distribution. It mainly reflect that Hg pollute the soil in the southern region of Zhangjiagang. The contents of Hg, As, Se, Pb and Cu in rice, wheat roots also have a certain differences in the spatial distribution. It mainly reflect that Hg pollute the rice, wheat plants in the western and southern region of Zhangjiagang. The productivity of cultivated land has the overall downward trend from 1996 to 2009 in Zhangjiagang. There are 10818Kg/hm2 in 1996 and 8327 Kg/hm2 in 2009. The average decreased rate is 191.6Kg/hm2 every year.
The Effect of nanoFe3O4 Particles on the Soil Urease and Catalase Activity
Authors: Wang Xiao Feng , Bao Huai Dong , Cheng Jie Min
Published: December 2013

Effects of nanoFe3O4 particles with different content on the soil urease and catalase activities in pakchoi planting soil were analyzed by pot culture. The results showed that after nanoFe3O4 was added the soil urease and catalase activities were significantly inhibited. In the groups treated with 1%, 2% and 3% nanoFe3O4, the soil urease activity was significantly decreased by 13.9%25.2%33.6% , and the soil catalase activity was significantly decreased by 9.59%10.26%33.04% compared with the control group. It followed that nanoFe3O4 played an inhibiting role in the soil urease and catalase activities, and the higher content of nanoFe3O4 was, the inhibition was stronger. Keywords: nanoFe3O4 particles; Urease activity; Catalase activity
Pollutions of Nutrient Salts and Heavy Metals of Groundwater in Xihe River Basin in Shenyang
Authors: Yang Ji Song , Hu Xiao Jun , Chen Hong Liang
Published: December 2013

In order to evaluate the groundwater quality in the Xihe River Basin, the concentrations of fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and barium (Ba) of the groundwater were investigated in the three sections, Section I, II and III for the upstream, midstream and down stream, respectively. A method of Nemero composite index was used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The concentrations of nutrient salts of groundwater in the Xihe River basin decreased from the upstream to the midstream and downstream. The values of heavy metals were higher in the midstream than in the upstream and downstream. The groundwater had obvious nutrient-salt pollutions in the upstream and midstream. According to the Nemero composite index the F-values of groundwater were 9.5, 5.7 and 0.3 in the up-, mid-and downstream, respectively, indicated that the groundwater in the midstream and the upstream of Xihe River basin was polluted and extremely polluted, respectively. KEYWORDS: Groundwater quality, Nutrient salts, Heavy metals, Xihe River
Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Shallow Freshwater Lake, China
Authors: Guo Wei , Feng Yao
Published: December 2013

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in surface water of Lake Baiyangdian were determined to assess the potential health risk when using as drinking water for children and adults. The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in surface water were in the range of 2.74-11.50 ng L-1 and 3.48-16.88 ng L-1, respectively. Compared with similar results reported around the world, the level of OCPs in this study was in the mid-range. The analysis of health risk indicated that risks from OCPs in most part of the lake would not be risky to human health according to the acceptable risk level, while carcinogenic effects caused by α-HCH might occur if drinking water from Nanliuzhuang (NLZ) and Laowangdian (SCD). α-HCH and β-HCH were the dominating factors for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, respectively. Risks of OCPs for children were much higher than those caused by OCPs for adults.
The Application of Game Theory on China's Present Rare Earth Analysis
Authors: Song Yu Chen , Xu Wei Hong , Meng Hai Dong , Zhang Yuan
Published: December 2013

China is the world's important country in exporting rare earth, but in recent years, the development of rare earth industry has not sailing plainly. This paper uses game theory to analyse root causes behind the phenomena such as the "Cabbage Price" of rare earth have been sold; the vicious and brutal competitions in rare earth industry; declined profits of export corporates; the unsuccessful policy have been carried out of sustainable development of rational development and protection of resources and the environment and puts forward some appropriate policy recommendations respectively.
Research on Rock Mass Blasting of Weak Plane by High Dynamic Strain Test
Authors: Li Zhen Fang , Xue Hua Jun , Chen Jun , Liu Kang , He Tian Yu
Published: December 2013

when explosive blasts in the rock, the stress wave of impact produced appears all kinds of phenomena, such as reflection, refraction, and transmission in the process of transmission on the joint surface because of discontinuity, heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock mass of weak plane in physics, which lead to extremely complex on rock blasting process. Through conducting on high dynamic strain test of blasting process on joint rock mass model, it researches dynamic load characteristics of joint rock mass and joint-planes effect on extension of critical raw crack and attenuation law of stress wave, analyzes the strain waveform of strain gages which locate in the different direction between initial crack of blasting and joint, and figures out the impact of joint plane on the stress wave transmission, which provide an important theoretical basis on the relevant parameters design in the process of blasting engineering of joint mass existing in actual.
Reserch on Flow Field around the Eyeholes of Perforating Completion Based on ANSYS
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Wang Ying Jie , Sun Hong Qiang
Published: December 2013

In order to study the flow field characteristics around perforating well eyeholes, using the finite element method, it utilize actual physical property, establish the geometric model, through the grid partition and post-processing, got the velocity field and pressure field cloud chart, and analysis the data of controlled, got the mobility pattern of the flow field of around eyeholes. Through three of different eyehole deep using the same physical parameters for modeling analysis, the influence of different eyehole depth of flow field around the holes is got. Through the contrast simulated results of perforating completion heat flow model with the exact solution of open hole completion, the result reveals the specialty and the regular pattern of perforating completion flow field. Meanwhile, according to the theory of water and electricity similar, the actual physical model of perforating completion electric analogue is made and actual the pressure field distribution around eyeholes is measured. The results agree with the results of ANSYS heat flow field simulation. This verify the correctness of the ANSYS analysis. Research shows that using heat flow field module of ANSYS simulation seepage field to serve research seepage field of well is a kind of general method.
Optimizing Structure about Strong Base ASP Flooding Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism
Authors: Wang Chun Sheng , Wang Xu , Du Qiu Ying , Dong Bin , Chen Gui Ling
Published: December 2013

Daqing oilfield ASP flooding drive target gradually changes from the first reservoir to the second and third reservoir,which leads to the unequal of the reservoirs producing extent, and seriously affects the developing for ASP flooding molecule weight. On the basis of that, we optimum the Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism of low permeability reservoir, and use the method of control variables to change the nozzle angle of diffuser section, cylinder length, diffuser angle, nozzle angle to establish 81 models. At the same time, we simulate flow field characteristics of these models with the help of Fluent. Ultimately, the models of low pressure drop and high stick loss rate could be found. Through analyzing and contrasting large of models, we found that shrinkage angle is 30 degree models under the same pressure drop condition the stick loss rate relativity high. Simultaneously, these models are suitable for the field requirements, and can provide theoretical basis for molecular weight adjusting and optimizing structure.
Research on Methods of Separate Stratum Injection Allocation in High Water Cut Stage
Authors: Li Lin
Published: December 2013

The parameters of reservoir impact all the sectors of oilfield developing after flood development, so methods of separate stratum injection allocation are researched for forecasting the petroleum reservoir performance accurately. The methods of separate stratum injection allocation are significative for remaining oil distribution, injection allocation of interval and the level of exploitation and administration in high water cut stage. First, we should derive injection-withdrawal ratio (IWR), gradient of pressure and water cut by material balance equation.The injection allocation of single well,injection wells and property of interval are determined by the research of split coefficient.We find the reservoir small error, lower water cut, high degree of reservoir recovery by anaysising the results of separate stratum injection allocation.The results show that separate stratum injection allocation is scientific and reasonable, simple and applied for the oil field in high water cut stage.
Study of Mixed Water Compatibility in Shanbei Oil Production
Authors: Xue Jin Li , Qu Cheng Tun , Yang Bo , Liu Fan , Jiao Kun
Published: December 2013

The properties of mixed waterwater from a certain river (RW) and Chang-6 layer output water (C-6W) -- in Shanbei Oil Production is studied in this paper, including ion content, analysis of scale, scale type and calcium loss rate, etc. It shows that the salinity of C-6W is more than 80000 mg/L, while RWs salinity is about 1200 mg/L; Under 30 °C, the calcium loss rate and amount of scale buildup of C-6W and RW when their volume ratio were 4:6 reached to 9.5% and 36mg/L; while reservoir calcium the loss rate and scale buildup amount reached to 0.59% and 21.5 mg/L when the volume ratio of C-6W and Mixed Water came to 3:7, which satisfies the reinjection water quality standard; and a low core damage rate (<20%) could be found when the reinjection volume is 1 ~ 15 PV.
The Improvement of Independent Innovation Capability in Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Industry Based on Knowledge Integration
Authors: Wang Yan Qiu , Jin Qiu Ying , Gong Yan Fen , Sun Ming Min
Published: December 2013

Choose the correct knowledge integration pattern is beneficial to enhancing the independent innovation capability in petroleum equipment manufacturing industry. Analysis elements of the knowledge integration ability and the independent innovation ability , with knowledge integration capability as the breakthrough point, the knowledge integration effect as the intermediary variable , constructs the model of the independent innovation capability in equipment manufacturing - the knowledge integration capacity, puts forward the independent innovation in petroleum equipment manufacturing industry should adopt the three kinds of knowledge integration mode.
Urban Fringe's Land Resources Reasonable Use: A Policy Suggestion
Authors: He Ge , Wu Rui Qi
Published: December 2013

China has made much progress in social and economic fields, resulting in large demand of land resources. In this context, this paper analyzes some primary issues of land-use in urban fringes, then some policy suggestions such as strengthen the overall land-use planning; enhance the land intensive utilization degree; regulate the land market was presented.
Evaluation and Management of Land-Development Processes Based on the Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Guarini Maria Rosaria , Battisti Fabrizio
Published: December 2013

In Italy, during the last few years (2008-2013), the processes of land development have stalled due to the economic and political situation of the Country. The lack of public resources available to enable the above mentioned processes, as well as a complex and incomplete legislative and regulatory framework are the main causes of the crisis affecting the construction industry. This industry, which has always assured a turnover of 20% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), should be revived through the development of public-private partnerships (PPP). This paper shows a working model of participatory management, based on PPP, which meets the purpose of supporting public administrations (PA) in a more efficient management of their lands development processes. The proposed model, inspired by the urban management experience developed in the city of Ladispoli (a best practise example), is based on European and International procedural and evaluation models. The models aim is to achieve public-interest objectives, within an articulated development initiative, based on a complex planning vision that involves a plurality of purposes, interventions, actors.
Safety Assessment of Railway Dangerous Goods Transportation Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Liu Dong Jie , Wei Zhen Lin
Published: December 2013

In order to overcome the drawbacks that occur when traditional safety assessment methods do not consider the certain and uncertain characteristics of information and in order to enhance the calculation efficiency, a new Identical Discrepancy Contrary (IDC) system is safety comprehensive assessment model based on Set Pair Analysis is established. Incorporating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain the index weight, this model analyses the uncertainties in the degree of connection acquired by assessment, and then makes the identical discrepancy contrary system research on the certainty and uncertainty of information in the engineering system.
Study on Efficiency Evaluation of Shanghai Shipping Industry
Authors: Lv Kang Juan , Fan Bing Jie , Li Wu Ming
Published: December 2013

In 2009, the state offered relevant resolutions to build Shanghai into an international shipping center with global shipping resources allocation capacity, which gave fresh impetus to the development of Shanghai shipping center and have helped Shanghai rank the 2010 world 1st in container handling capacity. This paper will estimate the efficiency of Shanghai shipping industry from 2000 to 2010 using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and then evaluate Shanghai shipping center construction objectively and comprehensively through against cross-evaluation analysis and super-efficiency analysis. The results show that they are all technologically effective except the years of 2007 and 2008. Among technically effective years, the article concludes that the year 2009 was the optimal one through against cross-evaluation analysis whose experience is worth popularizing. The conclusion reveals that in future development of Shanghai shipping center, the government-led center development system should be transformed while paying more attention to promote the development of shipping information technology, high-end shipping services and shipping-related talent.
Research on Water Ecological Carrying Capacity: Progress and Puzzles
Authors: Yang Jun Feng , Lei Kun , Qiao Fei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the research status of Water Ecological Carrying Capacity (WECC) was reviewed through summarising the relevant studies. The research of WECC remains exploratory, as neither an accepted theory nor a technological system for WECC has been established. The main problems that exist in WECC research are: (1) the ambiguous definition and the imprecise expression of the WECC concept, (2) the constraints in calculating the threshold are difficult to define scientifically and precisely, and (3) the methods and process of assessing WECC are not sufficiently scientific.
Progress on Tourism Eco-Efficiency and its Implications
Authors: Zhang Jin He , Jiang Hong Tao , Yang Lu , Liu Ze Hua
Published: December 2013

Tourism destination is a special area typical of the man-land relationship interaction. Eco-efficiency evaluation of tourism destination is a basis for developing inclusive and sustainable development policies and measures for tourism destination. This paper discusses the progress on tourism eco-efficiency from three angles-concept definition, measure methods and empirical study. Three aspects of deficiency were shown in the present study. One is the research perspective. Most researches on tourism eco-efficiency are from the level that human material production behaviors influence environment, however researches from the level that human consumption behaviors influence environment are inadequate. The other is the research content. The researches mainly focus on the value and impact two aspects, while the measure concerning value and impact is incomplete. The last part is research method. Though, currently some scholars have already applied ecological footprint analysis method, material flow analysis, ecosystem health assessment to the evaluation of regional eco-efficiency research. The methods about the measure of eco-efficiency which include priority structure method, multi-objective programming method, ecological topological method, data envelopment analysis, ecological cost value index are suffering highly controversial, owing to having inherent defects on characterizing natural resource consumption, environmental pollution, ecological service value, non-polluting ecological impacts, human development and so on. Consequently, from the view of input, output and process of logistics, energy flow, currency flow of tourism destinations natural-economic-social-tourism complex system, making eco-efficiency as an entry point, aiming at achieving sustainable development of tourism destination, studying on tourism eco-efficiency, it will be the frontier research area of Tourism Geography.
Research on the Coupling Coordinative Degree of Environment and Economy in Chongqing
Authors: Zhang Jian Sheng , Yan Bang Quan , Li Qin
Published: December 2013

This paper calculated the development level of economy and environment in Chongqing with the relevant statistical data of Chongqing from 1997 to 2011, and analyzed the coordination degree of economy and environment. According to the result of the study, the development level of the economy in Chongqing had been improving continually, and the composite index was up from 0.761 in 1997 to 0.945 in 2011. The development level of environment appeared the trend of up-down-up, and the composite index was up from 0.682 in 1997 to 0.971 in 2011. In all, the coordination degree of economy and environment has been improving unceasingly.
The Influence of Carbon Tax Policy on Enterprise Production Decision Based on the Research of Existing Emission Reduction Policy
Authors: Zhang Jie , Gao Xiang Lou , Xia Jia Yun
Published: December 2013

From the emission reduction policy scheme released by Shenzhen which is one of china's first emission reduction pilot cities, enterprises are divided into two different groups according to the scale, at the same time, carbon intensity is regarded as emission reduction target. In order to explore the reason of grouping and setting the carbon intensity emission reduction target. We establish a competitive enterprise relational model - duopoly model, two companies can be seen as large enterprises and SMEs (small and medium-size enterprise) representatives. The process is a two-stage game between the government and enterprises under carbon tax policy, which come to the conclusion: implementation of carbon tax policies enlarge the competitive advantage of large enterprises in the industry and compress living space of SMEs. At the same time, compared to carbon emission amount target, carbon intensity target is more easy to implement.
A Study on the Index System for Evaluating Low Carbon Economy of Resource-Based Region Based on AHP
Authors: Hai Ling Ying , Yang Xinjiletu , Han Wei Hong
Published: December 2013

In accordance with the principles and AHP method, this research proposed an evaluation index system which is appropriate for resource based regions. The index system includes four modules---low carbon industry module, low carbon society module, low carbon environment module, low carbon technology module and characteristics of resource module that contains 23 specific indicators. Then it applied the system to three typical resource-based regions--Inner Mongolia Province, Shanxi Province, Heilongjiang Province. Lastly, according to the work above, this article put forward proposals that could do help to develop low-carbon economy of resource-based regions. They are expanding the industrial chain as well as industry exit mechanism, establishing mechanisms for cooperation among the resource-based regions to develop and apply low carbon technologies actively and adjusting income distribution system to reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas of resource-based regions.
The Influence of Stochastic Distribution of Daily Stockpiles on the Optimal Capacity of Container Yard
Authors: Wang Wen Yuan , Zhang Qi , Tang Guo Lei , Song Xiang Qun
Published: December 2013

By building stochastic programming model for determining the optimal capacity of the container yard, the influence of different stochastic distributions of daily stockpiles was studied. The stochastic distributions include normal distribution, uniform distribution, and negative exponential distribution. In the stochastic programming model, the objective function is the maximum profit of container yard, and the decision variable is capacity of container yard. By comparing different optimal solutions of models when the daily stockpiles are respectively subject to different distributions, it can be concluded: (1) in the case of a certain throughput of port, optimal capacity is the least when the daily stockpiles are subject to negative exponential distribution; (2) in the case of a certain capacity of container yard, throughput of the port is the least when the daily stockpiles are subject to uniform distribution.
Demonstration of Thermo-Optic Switch Consisting of Mach-Zehnder Polymer Waveguide Drawn Using Focused Proton Beam
Authors: Miura Kenta , Kiryu Hiromu , Ozawa Yusuke , Kubota Atsushi , Hiratani Yuji , Hanaizumi Osamu , Satoh Takahiro , Ishii Yasuyuki , Kohka Masashi , Takano Katsuyoshi , Ohkubo Takeru , Yamazaki Akiyoshi , Kada Wataru , Yokoyama Akihito , Kamiya Tomihiro
Published: December 2013

We demonstrated a PMMA-based thermo-optic switch consisting of a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) type waveguide drawn by proton beam writing (PBW) and working at λ = 1.55 μm. The MZ waveguide was drawn by symmetrically coupling two Y junctions with a core width of 8 μm and a branching angle of 2°. A Ti thin-film heater and Al electrodes were formed on the surface of the MZ waveguide using conventional photolithography and wet-etching processes. An ON/OFF ratio of 9.0 dB and a switching power of 43.9 mW were obtained from the sample. The switching power is lower than for conventional commercial silica-based switches.
Observation of Optical Soliton-Like Propagation in Dye-Doped Nematic Liquid Crystals with Homogeneous Alignment
Authors: Sasaki Tomoyuki , Miura Kenta , Hanaizumi Osamu , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Ono Hiroshi
Published: December 2013

Nonlinear light propagation in a dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) was investigated experimentally. A laser beam with wavelength far from the absorption peak of the material was coupled into an LC cell with homogeneous alignment, and the propagation in the cell was observed. When the polarization azimuth of the incident light was orthogonal to the orientation direction of the LC, soliton-like propagation was obtained for milliwatts of light power in spite of the low absorption. We clarified that the observed nonlinearity is due principally to the photothermal effect enhanced by the dye.
Tungsten Carbide Nanofiber Prepared by Electrospinning for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Ishikawa Takayuki , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Tsujiguchi Takuya , Nakagawa Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2013

Tungsten carbide nanofibers for the anode catalyst of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) were prepared from the precursor nanofibers with the diameter around 250 nm using an electrospinning technique. The electrospun nanofibers from the mixture of ammonium metatungstate and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dried and calcined in air at 700 °C to form tungsten oxide nanofibers, and reduced in 20 vol.% CH4/H2 atmosphere at 700 °C for 2 h. Surface morphology and crystalline structure of the prepared nanofibers were investigated using FE-SEM and XRD. The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The FE-SEM and XRD analyses showed that beaded nanofibers of tungsten carbide were successfully obtained. The WC nanofiber electrocatalyst exhibited a MOR activity suggesting it can be a candidate of the catalyst for DMFC. The presence of impurities, carbon and tungsten oxide, which may affect the activity, were detected at the surface.
Fabrication of 25-nm-Pitched CoPt Magnetic Dot Arrays Using 30-keV-Electron Beam Drawing, RIE and Ion-Milling
Authors: bin Mohamad Zulfakri , Huda Miftakhul , Komori Takuya , Alip Rosalena Irma , Zhang Hui , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

In this study, we have fabricated 25-nm-pitched magnetic dot arrays using electron beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE) and ion-milling. We have used double mask method with calixarene resist and carbon film as a hard mask to transfer fine pattern to CoPt magnetic film. We transferred the calixarene resist dot arrays to carbon layer using O2gas in RIE as a first mask, then transferred the carbon dot arrays to CoPt magnetic layer as a second hard mask using ion-milling. We demonstrated that double mask method is very suitable to fabricate 25-nm-pitched magnetic dot arrays with a dot size of 18 nm and a height of 15 nm for patterned media with 1 Tb/in2.
Numerical Comparison of Damping Amplification Effects Obtained in Neighbourhood of a Mechanism's Singular Position - Viscous and Electromagnetic Cases
Authors: Lipiński Krzysztof
Published: December 2013

In the paper, effects of numerical investigations are presented. Vibrations of mechanical and electromechanical systems are considered and compared. In the system, a continuous beam is considered as the main vibrating element. Two energy dissipations methods are compared: viscous dampers and DC generators. To increase the damping effectiveness, velocity amplification is proposed, i.e., a mechanism is introduced between the beam and the damping element, and the mechanism configuration is set as closed to the singular position of it. According to some observed fundamental differences in the guiding physical properties of some blocks present in the considered system, two structurally different sub-models are introduced in the numerical model of the complete system. The first sub-model corresponds to the amplification mechanism (considered as composed of rigid elements). The mechanism is modelled as a multibody system. The second sub-model corresponds to the continuous beam. The beam is modelled with used of the finite elements technique. To joint the sub-models, constraint equations are proposed. They express a revolute joint that is present between the mechanisms second rod and the beam enforced to vibrate.
Operational Control of Hydraulic Turbines Assisted by Speed Variation
Authors: Borchert Uwe , Szymczyk Janusz A. , Iwan Janusz
Published: December 2013

The paper discusses the concept of single-parameter operational control of turbomachinery, with particular application for hydraulic turbines for power management facilities, subject to varying operating parameters, where load control is additionally facilitated by changing rotational speed.
The Analysis of Turbine Propulsion Systems in Nuclear Submarines
Authors: Piwowarski Marian
Published: December 2013

The article systematises submarines, which are presently in service, according to their propulsion types (both conventional and nuclear), power output, and submersion depth. Contemporary types of propulsion systems installed and used in submarines are discussed. Calculations were performed for the PWR type nuclear propulsion system and the supercritical turbine propulsion system (supercritical reactor cooled with light water). Preliminary designs of turbines have been worked out for these two variants, and the systems were compared with respect to cycle efficiency and turboset efficiency.