bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian cirrhotic patients: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Liang Kung-Hao , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Hye Wong , Huang Ya-Hui , Chien Rong-Nan , Hu Tsung-Hui , Lin Kwang-Huei , Yeh Christopher Sung-Huan , Hsu Chao-Wei , Lin Chih-Lang , Pan Tai-Long , Ke Po-Yuan , Chang Ming-Ling , Yeh Chau-Ting
Published: May 2018

Liver cirrhotic patients suffer from a seemingly unpredictable risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, an HCC risk score R (0 ≦ R ≦ 1) was derived from commonly tested haematological and biochemical parameters. In the score-derivation Taiwanese cohort (144 cirrhosis versus 48 HCC-remission patients), the score had an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.78, P < 0.001). When validated in a Korean cohort (78 cirrhosis versus 23 HCC-remission patients), the AUC was 0.68 (CI, 0.56–0.80, P = 0.009). In a multicentre prospective cohort (478 cirrhotic patients prospectively followed for HCC occurrence), the hazard ratio with respect to R was 2.344 (CI = 1.183–4.646, P = 0.015). The cumulative incidences of HCC at two years after patient enrolment were 9.6% and 1.7% for the high-risk (R ≧ 0.5) and low-risk (R < 0.5) groups, respectively (P < 0.001). At the end of the study, the incidences were 10.9% and 5.0%, respectively (P = 0.012). The majority of HCCs (23/26) in the high-risk group emerged within the first two years of follow-up. In conclusion, an HCC risk score was developed for cirrhotic patients that effectively predicted HCC in a prospective cohort study.
GaN intermediate band solar cells with Mn-doped absorption layer
Authors: Lee Ming-Lun , Huang Feng-Wen , Chen Po-Cheng , Sheu Jinn-Kong
Published: May 2018

The effect of Mn concentration on the optical properties of Mn-doped layers grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is investigated. The Mn-doped GaN layers exhibite a typical transmittance spectrum with a distinct dip around 820 nm which is attributed to the transition of electrons between the edge of valence band and the Mn-related states within the bandgap. In addition, electroluminescence (EL) spectra obtained from the bipolar devices with Mn-doped GaN active layer also show that considerable Mn-related energy states existed in the bandgap. The position of the Mn-related energy states in the GaN is first evaluated via EL spectra. In addition to the absorption of band edge, the Mn-related energy states behaving like an intermediate band cause an additional sub-band gap absorption. Consequently, the fabricated GaN-based solar cells using Mn-doed GaN as the absorption layer exhibit photocurrent higher than the control devices without Mn doping. Under one-sun air mass 1.5 G testing condition, the short-circuit current of the Mn-doed GaN solar cells can be enhanced by a magnitude of 10 times compared with the cells without Mn doping.
Continuous tuneable droplet ejection via pulsed surface acoustic wave jetting
Authors: Castro Jasmine O. , Ramesan Shwathy , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: May 2018

A versatile acoustic chipscale platform that can potentially be mounted as a printhead for cell encapsulation, dispensing and 3D bioprinting.
Evaluation of the molecular poisoning phenomenon of W sites in ZSM-5viasynchrotron X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Ye Lin , Zhao Pu , Li Molly Meng-Jung , Lo Benedict T. W. , Tang Chiu , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: May 2018

SXRD reveals the structure of the organic molecule–metal active site complex in zeolites, leading to an understanding of the poisoning mechanism.
Highly efficient temperature-dependent chiral separation with a nucleotide-based coordination polymer
Authors: Bruno Rosaria , Marino Nadia , Bartella Lucia , Di Donna Leonardo , De Munno Giovanni , Pardo Emilio , Armentano Donatella
Published: May 2018

A chiral coordination polymer separates racemic mixtures ofl- andd-aspartic acid with ad-Asp enantiomeric excess ofca.100%.
Dehydroxylation of alcohols for nucleophilic substitution
Authors: Chen Jia , Lin Jin-Hong , Xiao Ji-Chang
Published: May 2018

The convenient dehydroxylative substitution of alcohols with various nucleophiles promoted by the Ph3P/ICH2CH2I system under mild conditions is described.
Influence of the organic cation disorder on photoconductivity in ethylenediammonium lead iodide, NH3CH2CH2NH3PbI4
Authors: Glushkova Anastasiia , Arakcheeva Alla , Pattison Philip , Kollár Márton , Andričević Pavao , Náfrádi Bálint , Forró László , Horváth Endre
Published: May 2018

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and photoconductivity of EDPbI4. The ED disorder depends on the thermal treatment of EDPbI4. The increased disorder is associated with increased photoconductivity.
Lead (Pb) interfacing with epitaxial graphene
Authors: Shtepliuk Ivan , Vagin Mikhail , Ivanov Ivan G. , Iakimov Tihomir , Yazdi G. Reza , Yakimova Rositsa
Published: May 2018

Here, we report the electrochemical deposition of lead (Pb) as a model metal on epitaxial graphene fabricated on silicon carbide (Gr/SiC).
Towards the low-sensitive and high-energetic co-crystal explosive CL-20/TNT: from intermolecular interactions to structures and properties
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Qing , Yuan Jiao-Nan , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Ji Guang-Fu , Chen Xiang-Rong , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: May 2018

Employing molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and solid-state density functional theory (DFT), we carried out thorough studies to understand the interaction-structure–property interrelationship of the co-crystal explosive 1 : 1 CL-20 : TNT.
Formation patterns of water clusters in CMK-3 and CMK-5 mesoporous carbons: a computational recognition study
Authors: Peng Xuan , Jain Surendra Kumar , Singh Jayant Kumar , Liu Anqi , Jin Qibing
Published: May 2018

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the adsorption of water in realistic CMK-3 and CMK-5 models at 300 K.
Double defects modified carbon nitride nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Guilan , Shen Jianchen , Chen Shumei , Gao Yujie , Zhang Huabin , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2018

g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with double defects extend light absorption and promote charge carrier transfer and separation, significantly improving photocatalytic performance.
The role of nitric acid in atmospheric new particle formation
Authors: Liu Ling , Li Hao , Zhang Haijie , Zhong Jie , Bai Yang , Ge Maofa , Li Zesheng , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiuhui
Published: May 2018

The cluster formation mechanism indicates that nitric acid can connect the smaller and larger clusters, enhancing sulfuric acid–ammonia cluster formation rates.
Understanding the fundamentals of acid-induced ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic system
Authors: Mogilireddy Vijetha , Gras Matthieu , Schaeffer Nicolas , Passos Helena , Svecova Lenka , Papaiconomou Nicolas , Coutinho João A. P. , Billard Isabelle
Published: May 2018

This work describes the fundamentals of acid-induced ionic liquid-based ABS system and focuses on understanding the properties of such distinctive system.
Enzymatic processing of mussel shells to produce biorenewable calcium carbonate in seawater
Authors: Murphy Jennifer N. , Hawboldt Kelly , Kerton Francesca M.
Published: May 2018

Food-grade industrial protease enzymes can remove protein residues from shells under mild conditions suitable for use at seafood processing sites.
Highly integrated autonomous lab-on-a-chip device for on-line and in situ determination of environmental chemical parameters
Authors: Martinez-Cisneros Cynthia , da Rocha Zaira , Seabra Antonio , Valdés Francisco , Alonso-Chamarro Julián
Published: May 2018

We demonstrate the monolithic integration of microfluidics, sample pretreatment stages, sensors, actuators and electronics to obtain an autonomous lab-on-a-chip device.
Synthesis and antitumoral activity of novel analogues monastrol–fatty acids against glioma cells
Authors: De Oliveira Franciele S. , De Oliveira Patrick M. , Farias Luana M. , Brinkerhoff Rafael C. , Sobrinho Rui Carlos M. A. , Treptow Tamara M. , Montes D'Oca Caroline R. , Marinho Marcelo A. G. , Hort Mariana A. , Horn Ana P. , Russowsky Dennis , Montes D'Oca Marcelo G.
Published: May 2018

Heterocyclic–fatty acid derivatives are a new class of compounds with a broad range of biological activities.
A turn-on fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ detection based on graphene oxide and DNA aptamers
Authors: Guo Huan , Li Jingshuai , Li Yuewen , Wu Dan , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin , Du Bin
Published: May 2018

Hg2+-Induced conformational change of DNA aptamers can cause the release of AO from GO surface, which leads to fluorescence recovery.
A superhydrophobic–superoleophilic plasmonic membrane for combined oil/water separation and highly-sensitive SERS detection of low concentrations of analytes in oil/water mixtures
Authors: Xu Cheng , Cao Ding , Lu Wenya , Sun Jun , Cheng Si
Published: May 2018

Superhydrophobic–superoleophilic PS/AuAg ND mats were proven to exhibit integrated oil/water separation ability and act as SERS-active substrates for the trace detection of low concentrations of analyte molecules in oil/water mixtures.
The role of proton shuttling mechanisms in solvent-free and catalyst-free acetalization reactions of imines
Authors: Lillo Victor J. , Mansilla Javier , Saá José M.
Published: May 2018

Catalyst-free and solvent-free reactions of the type NuH + E → Nu–EH are NuH-catalyzed processes in which Grotthuss-like proton shuttling pays a key role.
Temperature-responsive fibres of cellulose-based copolymers
Authors: Santos Ana C. , Alves Sérgio , Godinho Maria H. , Baleizão Carlos , Farinha José Paulo S.
Published: May 2018

Novel temperature-responsive fibers electrospun from a click-assembled copolymer of cellulose acetate grafted with oligo(ethyleneglycol) methylether methacrylate random blocks.
An overview on Pd-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: May 2018

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a well-studied reaction which involves the reduction of protons for hydrogen production. Pd-based compounds are expected to have activity on par with or better than the expensive state-of-the-art Pt and can be considered as the future materials for the HER.
Efficient Co@CoPx core–shell nanochains catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yuan Xiaotao , Zhang Zhe , Liu Zichao , Wang Xin , Dong Chenlong , Riaz Muhammad Sohail , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2018

Co@CoPx core–shell nanochains were prepared via a direct-current arc-discharge method and subsequent phosphorization at 350 °C.
The unusual aggregation-induced emission of coplanar organoboron isomers and their lipid droplet-specific applications
Authors: Ni Jen-Shyang , Liu Haixiang , Liu Junkai , Jiang Meijuan , Zhao Zheng , Chen Yuncong , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Peng Qian , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2018

Organoboron isomers are not only rare coplanar AIEgens stemmed from excited-state double-bond reorganization, but also specifically target lipid droplets.
A sensitive approach for simultaneous quantification of carbonyl and hydroxyl steroids using 96-well SPE plates based on stable isotope coded-derivatization-UPLC-MRM: method development and application
Authors: Liu Chuanxin , Sheng Xue , Wang Yuming , Yin Jia , Huang Wei , Fan Yunshuang , Li Yubo , Zhang Yanjun
Published: May 2018

Steroid hormones are crucial substances that mediate a wide range of vital physiological functions.
Novel caged luciferin derivatives can prolong bioluminescence imaging in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Chaochao , Yuan Mingliang , Han Guangxi , Gao Yuqi , Tang Chunchao , Li Xiang , Du Lupei , Li Minyong
Published: May 2018

A set of high and efficient caged luciferin derivatives exhibited low cytotoxicity and prolonged bioluminescence in vitro and in vivo.
Zr-Induced high temperature resistance of polymer microsphere based on double crosslinked structure
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Lin Meiqin , Gu Meng , Dong Zhaoxia , Zhang Juan , Yang Zihao
Published: May 2018

Three monomers, acrylamide (AM),N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), were crosslink-copolymerized in an inverse suspension system, obtaining crosslinked AM/NVP/AMPS microspheres.
Structural study of epitaxial NdBa2Cu3O7−x films by laser chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Tu Rong , Wang Kaidong , Wang Ting , Yang Meijun , Li Qizhong , Zhang Song , Zhang Lianmeng , Goto Takashi , Shi Ji , Ohmori Hitoshi
Published: May 2018

Investigate the effect of deposition temperature on preferred orientation, crystallinity, microstructure of NdBCO films using laser CVD.
Hierarchically porous SiO2/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal
Authors: Wang Jie , Xiao Longya , Wen Shuai , Chen Nuo , Dai Zhiyin , Deng Junyang , Nie Longhui , Min Jie
Published: May 2018

Hierarchically porous SiO2/C hollow microspheres (HPSCHMs) were synthesized. Its surface area is up to 1154 m2g–1. Hierarchically porous structure facilitates diffusion of adsorbate. Its maximum adsorption amount for Congo Red is up to 2512 mg g–1.
Synthesis and antibacterial properties of a novel magnetic nanocomposite prepared from spent pickling liquors and polyguanidine
Authors: Nguyen Dung T. , Pham Lan T. , Le Ha T. T. , Vu Minh X. , Le Hanh T. M. , Le Huong T. M. , Pham Nam H. , Lu Le T.
Published: May 2018

An Fe3O4/polyguanidine nanocomposite with strong antibacterial activity was prepared from Fe3O4nanoparticles, using spent pickling liquors as the iron source, which were then encapsulated with polyguanidine.
Activated release of bioactive aldehydes from their precursors embedded in electrospun poly(lactic acid) nonwovens
Authors: Jash Apratim , Paliyath Gopinadhan , Lim Loong-Tak
Published: May 2018

Benzaldehyde and hexanal precursors were synthesized and encapsulated in electrospun PLA nonwovens to facilitate the triggered release of these aldehydes.
One-step fabrication of polyamide 6 hollow fibre membrane using non-toxic diluents for organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Jeon Sungil , Nishitani Atsushi , Cheng Liang , Fang Li-Feng , Kato Noriaki , Shintani Takuji , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: May 2018

We developed new polyamide 6 hollow fibre membranes using a green process to fabricate cutting-edge “organic solvent nanofiltration” membranes by one-step spinning process for organic solvent separation.
An insight into the amphiphobicity and thermal degradation behavior of PDMS-based block copolymers bearing POSS and fluorinated units
Authors: Liang Junyan , He Ling , Zuo Yanyan , Chen Zhaoyu , Peng Tao
Published: May 2018

The presence of PDFHM in the PDMS-b-PMMA enhances the ink-resistant property, whereas the presence of PMAPOSS induces a higher thermodegradation rate and disables the hexadecane-resistant property.
Molecular blends of methylated-poly(ethylenimine) and amorphous porous organic cages for SO2 adsorption
Authors: Zhu Guanghui , Carrillo Jan-Michael Y. , Sujan Achintya , Okonkwo Claudia N. , Park Sangjae , Sumpter Bobby G. , Jones Christopher W. , Lively Ryan P.
Published: May 2018

Porous organic cage (POCs) are explored as a support for hazardous gas sorbents. The molecular mixing between the POC and methylated poly(ethylene imine) was observed and resulted in the improvement of mass transfer and thermal stability of the composite material.
Photo-induced healing of stretchable transparent electrodes based on thermoplastic polyurethane with embedded metallic nanowires
Authors: Kim Kwang-Seok , Choi Su Bin , Kim Dae Up , Lee Cheul-Ro , Kim Jong-Woong
Published: May 2018

A stretchable and photo-induced healable transparent electrode is achieved by using a combination of silver nanowires and thermoplastic polyurethane.
Phase transition behaviors and formation of electrically resistive phases at the anode: major factors determining the energy efficiency of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Choi Yong-Seok , Lee Jae-Chul
Published: May 2018

Simultaneous action of the phase transition behavior and associated resistivity changes causes the difference in energy loss at the anodes.
Amplified spontaneous emission in insulated polythiophenes
Authors: Sun Chen , Mróz Marta Magdalena , Castro Smirnov José Raúl , Lüer Larry , Hermida-Merino Daniel , Zhao Chunhui , Takeuchi Masayuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori , Cabanillas-González Juan
Published: May 2018

Insulated polythiophenes bearing conjugated backbones that are fully (IPT) or half (½IPT) encapsulated are investigated to determine the relationship between their structure, photophysics and light amplifying properties.
The emerging role of microRNAs in bone remodeling and its therapeutic implications for osteoporosis
Authors: Feng Qianyun , Zheng Sheng , Zheng Jia
Published: May 2018

Osteoporosis, a common and multifactorial disease, is influenced by genetic factors and environments. However, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has not been fully elucidated yet. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications may be the underlying mechanisms that link genetic and environmental factors with increased risks of osteoporosis and bone fracture. MicroRNA (miRNA), a major category of small noncoding RNA with 20–22 bases in length, is recognized as one important epigenetic modification. It can mediate post-transcriptional regulation of target genes with cell differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we aimed to profile the role of miRNA in bone remodeling and its therapeutic implications for osteoporosis. A deeper insight into the role of miRNA in bone remodeling and osteoporosis can provide unique opportunities to develop a novel diagnostic and therapeutic approach of osteoporosis.
Atmospheric NLTE models for the spectroscopic analysis of blue stars with winds
Authors: Sundqvist J. O. , Puls J.
Published: May 2018

Context. Clumping in the radiation-driven winds of hot, massive stars severly affects the derivation of synthetic observables across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Aims. We implement a formalism for treating wind clumping – focusing in particular on the light-leakage effects associated with a medium that is porous in physical and velocity space – into the global (photosphere + wind) NLTE model atmosphere and spectrum synthesis code FASTWIND.

Methods. The basic method presented here assumes a stochastic, two-component wind consisting of a mixture of optically thick and thin clumps embedded in a rarefied inter-clump medium. We have accounted fully for the reductions in opacity associated with porosity in physical and velocity-space (the latter due to Doppler shifts in an accelerating medium), as well as for the well-known effect that opacities depending on ⟨ρ2⟩ are higher in clumpy winds than in smooth ones of equal mass-loss rate. By formulating our method in terms of suitable mean and effective opacities for the clumpy wind, we are able to compute atmospheric models with the same speed (∼15 min on a modern laptop or desktop) as in previous generations of FASTWIND.

Results. After verifying important analytic limits (smooth, optically thin, completely optically thick), we present some first, generic results of the new models. These include: i) Confirming earlier results that velocity-space porosity is critical for analysis of UV wind resonance lines in O-stars; ii) for the optical Hα line, we show that optically thick clumping effects are small for O-stars, but potentially very important for late B and A-supergiants; iii) in agreement with previous work, we show that spatial porosity is a marginal effect for absorption of high-energy X-rays in O-stars, as long as the mean-free path between clumps are kept at realistic values ≲R*; iv) whereas radio absorption in O-stars shows strong spatial porosity effects in near photospheric layers, it is negligible at their typical radio-photosphere radii ∼100R*; v) regarding the wind ionization balance, a general trend is that increased rates of recombination in simulations with optically thin clumps lead to overall lower degrees of ionization than in corresponding smooth models, but that this effect now is counteracted by the increased levels of light-leakage associated with porosity in physical and velocity space (i.e., by an increase of ionization rates). We conclude by discussing future work and some planned applications for this new generation of FASTWIND models.
Environmental assessment of PSS, feedback on 2 years of experimentation
Authors: Allais Romain , Gobert Julie
Published: May 2018

This communication details the sustainability assessment of the partial transition of business model from selling products to product renting for small household equipment (SHE). Perceived by the French SHE manufacturer as a strategic opportunity to meet customers’ expectations and environmental regulation, 2-years experimentation was performed on a specific territory with the support of a network of new competencies (B-to-B-to-C market). Researchers were mandated for the sustainability assessment of such a transition but this communication focuses on the environmental performance of the experimentation. The results of the comparative LCA are presented and the main environmental impacts linked to this business model transition are specified and discussed. Then, different eco-design scenarios are explored and recommendations for this specific case are proposed.
Die psychotherapeutische Abendklinik: Konzept und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Dinger Ulrike , Komo-Lang Miriam , Schauenburg Henning , Herzog Wolfgang , Nikendei Christoph
Published: May 2018

Dieser Beitrag berichtet über die neue Versorgungsform der psychotherapeutischen Abendklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. Die Behandlungsintensität der Abendklinik ist zwischen den intensiven ganztägigen Programmen im Krankenhaus und der ambulanten Richtlinientherapie angesiedelt. Patienten kommen an 3 Abenden pro Woche für jeweils 3 Stunden und erhalten in dieser Zeit eine intensive Gruppenpsychotherapie, die durch Einzelpsychotherapie, Achtsamkeitsübungen und psychotherapeutische Visiten ergänzt wird. Die ersten Erfahrungen mit dem neuen Setting sind positiv, eine besondere Stärke ist die Alltagsnähe und die Nutzung vorhandener Ressourcen. Therapeutische Herausforderungen bestehen in der Gefahr der Überforderung ohnehin belasteter Patienten. Auf struktureller Ebene steht eine Sicherung der Finanzierung des neuen Versorgungssystems aus.
Raynaud-Syndrom
Authors: Dechant C. , Czihal M. , Sander O.
Published: June 2018

Das Raynaud-Syndrom ist eine durch Kälte oder Stress ausgelöste reversible Entfärbung der Akren, typischerweise einzelner Finger, durch einen Vasospasmus. Etwa 6 % der Bevölkerung sind betroffen, Frauen häufiger als Männer. Gesichert wird ein Raynaud-Syndrom durch die typische Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung. Bei 80 % der Betroffenen ist von einem primären Raynaud-Syndrom auszugehen. Insbesondere bei spätem Beginn und ausgeprägter Symptomatik kann ein sekundäres Raynaud-Phänomen vorliegen. Hierfür sind viele mögliche, oft seltene Ursachen beschrieben. Die Differenzialdiagnostik bedarf einer detaillierten Anamnese und Untersuchung. Die wichtigsten Instrumente bei Verdacht auf eine entzündlich rheumatische Erkrankung sind Antinukleare Antikörper und die Kapillarmikroskopie. Sind beide unauffällig, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit sehr gering. Bei Nachweis spezifischer Autoantikörper oder kapillarmorphologischer Veränderungen werden Verlaufskontrollen empfohlen. Der Gefäßultraschall ist die am häufigsten genutzte angiologisch technische Diagnostik.
Unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen in der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie – Eine Einführung und Empfehlungen
Authors: Bieda Angela , Pflug Verena , Scholten Saskia , Lippert Michael , Ladwig Inga , Nestoriuc Yvonne , Schneider Silvia
Published: May 2018

Psychotherapie bei Kinder- und Jugendlichen wirkt, jedoch können auch unerwünschte Effekte auftreten. Im Kinder- und Jugendbereich ist dieses wichtige Thema bisher vernachlässigt worden, obwohl gerade Kinder und Jugendliche eines besonderen Schutzes bedürfen. Durch Therapie verursachte unerwünschte Effekte der Psychotherapie sind im Kinder- und Jugendbereich bisher nicht systematisch untersucht worden und eine entsprechende Konzeptualisierung fehlt. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, aktuelle Klassifikationen zu unerwünschten Effekten von Psychotherapie bei Erwachsenen hinsichtlich der Übertragbarkeit auf das Kindes- und Jugendalter zu prüfen und die Besonderheiten in diesem Bereich herauszuarbeiten. Des Weiteren wird die Adaptation des Inventars zur Erfassung negativer Effekte für das Kindes- und Jugendalter vorgestellt (Kinder-INEP) 1. Abschließend werden Maßnahmen zur Aufklärung und Vermeidung von unerwünschten, negativen Effekten in der Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie aufgezeigt.
Impurity dominated thin film growth
Authors: Cougnon F. G. , Dulmaa A. , Dedoncker R. , Galbadrakh R. , Depla D.
Published: May 2018

Magnetron sputter deposition was applied to grow thin metal films in the presence of impurities. These impurities are ambient gas molecules and/or atoms from the residual gas present in the vacuum chamber. Seven materials were investigated: four single element metals (Al, Ag, Cu, and Cr), two widely applied alloys (Cu55Ni45 and Ni90Cr10), and one high entropy alloy (CoCrCuFeNi). The thin films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction to determine the domain size, the film texture, and the lattice parameter. The same trend for all studied materials is observed. When the ratio between the impurity and metal flux towards the substrate is low, the domain size is not affected by the presence of the impurities. In this regime, the incorporation of the impurities affects the lattice parameter. At high flux ratios, the change of the domain size can be described by a power law with the exponent equal to −1/2 for all studied materials. A kinetic Monte Carlo code is used to demonstrate this observed trend.
Layered acoustofluidic resonators for the simultaneous optical and acoustic characterisation of cavitation dynamics, microstreaming, and biological effects
Authors: Pereno V. , Aron M. , Vince O. , Mannaris C. , Seth A. , de Saint Victor M. , Lajoinie G. , Versluis M. , Coussios C. , Carugo D. , Stride E.
Published: May 2018

The study of the effects of ultrasound-induced acoustic cavitation on biological structures is an active field in biomedical research. Of particular interest for therapeutic applications is the ability of oscillating microbubbles to promote both cellular and tissue membrane permeabilisation and to improve the distribution of therapeutic agents in tissue through extravasation and convective transport. The mechanisms that underpin the interaction between cavitating agents and tissues are, however, still poorly understood. One challenge is the practical difficulty involved in performing optical microscopy and acoustic emissions monitoring simultaneously in a biologically compatible environment. Here we present and characterise a microfluidic layered acoustic resonator (μLAR) developed for simultaneous ultrasound exposure, acoustic emissions monitoring, and microscopy of biological samples. The μLAR facilitates in vitro ultrasound experiments in which measurements of microbubble dynamics, microstreaming velocity fields, acoustic emissions, and cell-microbubble interactions can be performed simultaneously. The device and analyses presented provide a means of performing mechanistic in vitro studies that may benefit the design of predictable and effective cavitation-based ultrasound treatments.
Polarization controllable TM01-TE11 mode converter for high power microwaves
Authors: Li J. W. , Deng G. J. , Guo L. T. , Huang W. H. , Shao H.
Published: May 2018

An X-band GW-level polarization controllable TM01-TE11 mode converter for high power microwave (HPM) systems is proposed. The mode converter consists of a TM01-TE10 mode coupler, a TE11-TE10 mode coupler and four phase shifters. The overall axial dimension is less than 300 mm. By controlling the phase shifters, the online adjustment of vertical, horizontal and circular polarizations can be implemented. The simulation demonstrates that the transmission efficiency is higher than 95.6% from 9.4 GHz to 9.8 GHz. The power capacity of the mode converter is on GW-level.
The effect of elevated non-esterified fatty acid concentrations on bovine spermatozoa and on oocyte in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Desmet K. L. J. , Marei W. F. A. , Pintelon I. , Bols P. E. J. , Leroy J. L. M. R.
Published: May 2018

Elevated non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, present in follicular and oviductal fluid, have been postulated as a causative link between metabolic disorders and subfertility. High NEFA conditions can directly disrupt oocyte maturation and developmental capacity after fertilisation. However, their influence on sperm function and the fertilisation process is not known. This study investigated the fertilisation process under high NEFA conditions. To differentiate between effects on both spermatozoa and oocytes or on spermatozoa only, different experiments were conducted. In the first experiment both gametes were simultaneously incubated during IVF under different conditions: (1) NEFA-free, solvent-free control conditions, (2) solvent control, (3) physiological concentrations of oleic (OA), palmitic (PA) and stearic (SA) acids or (4) pathophysiological concentrations of OA, PA and SA. In the second experiment spermatozoa were incubated (4 h) under the same treatment conditions prior to routine IVF. Gamete co-incubation resulted in reduced fertilisation and cleavage rates and increased prevalence of polyspermy. In the second experiment embryo developmental capacity and quality were not affected, although sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity were decreased. In conclusion, lipolytic conditions affected the fertilisation process mainly through an effect on the oocyte. Spermatozoa were still able to fertilise even though these conditions reduced sperm function.
Use and benefits of NASA's RECOVER for post-fire decision support
Authors: Toombs William , Weber Keith , Stegner Tesa , Schnase John L. , Lindquist Eric , Lippitt Frances
Published: May 2018

Today’s extended fire seasons and large fire footprints have prompted state and federal land-management agencies to devote increasingly large portions of their budgets to wildfire management. As fire costs continue to rise, timely and comprehensive fire information becomes increasingly critical to response and rehabilitation efforts. The NASA Rehabilitation Capability Convergence for Ecosystem Recovery (RECOVER) post-fire decision support system is a server-based application designed to rapidly provide land managers with the information needed to develop a comprehensive rehabilitation plan. This study evaluated the efficacy of RECOVER through structured interviews with land managers (n = 19) who used RECOVER and were responsible for post-fire rehabilitation efforts on over 715 000 ha of fire-affected lands. Although the benefit of better-informed decisions is difficult to quantify, the results of this study illustrate that RECOVER’s decision support capabilities provided information to land managers that either validated or altered their decisions on post-fire treatments estimated at over US$1.2 million and saved nearly 800 h of staff time by streamlining data collection as well as communication with local stakeholders and partnering agencies.
Patterns of everyday activities across social contexts
Authors: Vagni Giacomo , Cornwell Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Significance

Everyday life in modern society often seems unpredictable and disorganized. Much research has demonstrated the structured nature of time, though, by documenting trends in individuals’ time use or allocation. We expand on this by using sequence analysis methods to identify and describe common patterns with regard to how individuals sequence their everyday activities—like working, eating, and traveling—during the course of the day. Using a large collection of time diaries from different contexts, we identify eight common behavioral sequence patterns. The distribution of these patterns holds across a variety of countries and over time. This study provides additional evidence of the highly structured nature of everyday behavior and suggests future directions for time use research.
La conversación civilen España
Authors: Marino Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

The present study exposes the keys and characteristics of a forgotten and recently digitalised manuscript by the National Library of Madrid. It is the first and only translation into Castilian of the work of Stefano Guazzo (1530–1593).The civil conversation(Brescia, 1574) is known as one of the Renaissance dialogues on moral education and was one of the most successful in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries of its kind. The work was translated into Spanish by Joseph Gerardo de Hervás at the beginning of the 18th century and until this present time, its handwritten version has never received any kind of consideration. Thecivil conversazione, together withThe Courtierof Baltasar Castiglione and theGalateoof Giovanni della Casa, served as the most renowned three manuals on modalities in trend among the European Renaissance societies. Its purpose was to introduce not only Italian customs and thebelle manierebut also to powerfully shape societies. This research proposes a multidisciplinary view on the discovery of the Spanish version ofthe civil conversationcovering a general overview of the Renaissance dialogue as well as the importance of Guazzo’s work in Spain. It provides an overview of the translator himself and gives an in-depth analysis on the reasons for such a translation, carefully considering its Castilian anachronistic version.
Body dissatisfaction in normal weight children – sports activities and motives for engaging in sports
Authors: Grimminger‐Seidensticker Elke , Möhwald Aiko , Korte Johanna , Trojan Jörg
Published: May 2018

Body dissatisfaction is a phenomenon that may already occur in childhood and is linked to a variety of psychosocial risks. As the role of physical activity in the context of body dissatisfaction is still ambivalent, a cross‐sectional study with 602 normal weight children (50.2% girls; Mage = 9.23 years; SD = 0.79) was conducted. The children filled in the MoMo‐Questionnaire, including items about their physical activities and motives for being physically active, as well as Bender's Body Esteem and Muscularity Concern Scale with the three subscales “body satisfaction”, “weight and shape concerns”, and “muscularity concerns”. Independent t‐tests revealed that girls were less worried about muscularity than boys (Mgirls = 1.94, SDgirls = 1.11 vs. Mboys = 3.12, SDboys = 1.43; t(560) = 11.33, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.92), whereas girls showed greater weight and shape concerns than boys (Mgirls = 2.24, SDgirls = 0.97 vs. Mboys = 2.05, SDboys = 0.92; t(549) = 2.32, p = .02, d = 0.20). In boys, physical activity is associated with less muscularity, weight, and shape concerns. Body satisfaction increases with health and fitness motives. In girls, the role of physical activity is ambivalent: girls who engage in sports do not differ in body dissatisfaction from non‐active girls. In sportive girls, weight and shape concerns increased with more health and fitness motives. Finally, the study provides first insights into body dissatisfaction and the different role of physical activity in boys and girls in childhood.
Atg9 establishes Atg2-dependent contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and phagophores
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Rubén , Rose Jaqueline , Guimarães Rodrigo , Mari Muriel , Papinski Daniel , Rieter Ester , Geerts Willie J. , Hardenberg Ralph , Kraft Claudine , Ungermann Christian , Reggiori Fulvio
Published: May 2018

The autophagy-related (Atg) proteins play a key role in the formation of autophagosomes, the hallmark of autophagy. The function of the cluster composed by Atg2, Atg18, and transmembrane Atg9 is completely unknown despite their importance in autophagy. In this study, we provide insights into the molecular role of these proteins by identifying and characterizing Atg2 point mutants impaired in Atg9 binding. We show that Atg2 associates to autophagosomal membranes through lipid binding and independently from Atg9. Its interaction with Atg9, however, is key for Atg2 confinement to the growing phagophore extremities and subsequent association of Atg18. Assembly of the Atg9–Atg2–Atg18 complex is important to establish phagophore–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites. In turn, disruption of the Atg2–Atg9 interaction leads to an aberrant topological distribution of both Atg2 and ER contact sites on forming phagophores, which severely impairs autophagy. Altogether, our data shed light in the interrelationship between Atg9, Atg2, and Atg18 and highlight the possible functional relevance of the phagophore–ER contact sites in phagophore expansion.
TELOPHASE SEGREGATION OF CHROMOSOMES AND AMITOSIS
Authors: Molè-Bajer J.
Published: May 2018

Cases of "distributive c-mitosis" (the term does not mean that colchicine has been used) in plant endosperm are described, in which the chromosomes of metaphase type (two-chromatid chromosomes) are distributed at random because of phragmoplast activity in a process similar to non-disjunction. There is some evidence that chromosmal fibres can be formed within the phragmoplast under special circumstances; during "distributive c-mitosis" some kinetochores show active movements due to cooperation with chromosomal fibres formed in the phragmoplast; while other chromosomes, as indicated by their arrangements and shape, are moved without any activity of kinetochores. Some components of the phragmoplast have the fastest movements occurring in mitosis. Some cases are described in which the phragmoplast divides telophase and interphase nuclei into two or more groups and moves the pieces a considerable distance apart. In a similar way, the phragmoplast may divide newly formed restitution nuclei. This phenomenon leads to a reduction of chromosome numbers, and the course of the process itself is reminiscent of amitosis.
The membrane attack mechanism of complement. Isolation and subunit composition of the C5b-9 complex.
Authors: Kolb W P , Muller-Eberhard H J
Published: May 2018

Isolation of the C5b-9 complex from inulin-activated whole human serum was effected by molecular sieve column chromatography employing Biogel A-15 M, preparative Pevikon block electrophoresis, and removal of low density beta-lipoproteins by flotation in CsCl. The final product was homogeneous upon cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Ouchterlony analyses indicated that the complex reacted with antisera to C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 to form a continuous, circular precipitin line without spurs. The C5b-9 complex was dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the absence of reducing agents, and analytical SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed seven protein bands after straining with Coomassie Blue. Bands 1, 2, 3, and 6 were identified as C5b, C7, C6, and C9, respectively. Bands 4 and 7 were identified as two noncovalently bound subunits of C8. Molar ratios among C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 dissociated from the complex by SDS were estimated to be 1:1:1:1:3. Band 5 protein, which had an estimated mol wt of 88,000 and was found to occur with a molar ratio of 3, has not yet been identified. Its nature and possible biological functions are discussed.
Humoral immunostimulation. IV. Role of complement.
Authors: Shearer W T , Atkinson J P , Frank M M , Parker C W
Published: May 2018

When L cells were treated with anti-L-cell antibody in medium containing heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, nucleoside uptake and cell growth were stimulated. The response was markedly increased when fresh, unheated sera from calves, guinea pigs, humans, mice, or rabbits were also present. The factors in unheated serum responsible for the enhancement of immunostimulation were studied. Using low concentrations of sera deficient in various complement (C) components and low concentrations of antibody no augmentation of immunostimulation was seen with Clr-deficient human serum, C2-deficient human serum, C2,4-deficient human serum, C4-deficient guinea pig serum, C3-C9-depleted guinea pig serum (by administration of cobra venom factor to animals), but stimulation was observed with C5-deficient human serum, C5-deficient mouse serum, and C6-deficient rabbit serum. When the concentration of anti-serum was raised, however, augmentation was observed with C4-deficient guinea pig serum. Thus, at low concentrations of antiserum enhancement appeared to occur through the classical C pathway, whereas at high concentrations of antibody either the classical or alternate C pathways appeared to be involved. Stimulation was specifically restored by purified C2 in C2-deficient serum and by C3 in C3-C9-deficient serum. Under the usual reaction conditions consumption of guinea pig C component C4 could be demonstrated which provided direct evidence for activation of the classical C pathway under conditions leading to immunostimulation. By immunofluorescence, cells treated with antibody and normal human serum had human C3 deposited at the cell surface. Taken together these observations suggest that C activated through C3 by either the classical or alternate pathways has the potential to enhance nucleoside incorporation into DNA and cell growth of cells exposed to limiting amounts of antibody. Although the mechanism of stimulation is unknown, it is likely to involve a direct effect of C3 at the level of the cell membrane.
Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. IV. Identification and distribution in mouse spleen.
Authors: Steinman R M , Adams J C , Cohn Z A
Published: May 2018

White pulp nodules of mouse spleen contain a minor population of cells with morphologic features that are identical to those of dendritic cells, a cell type recently described in vitro. They have characteristic large, irregularly shaped nuclei with distinctive chromatin patterns and small nucleoli. The cytoplasm is extended in processes that contain relatively few organelles. These presumptive dendritic cells can be distinguished from other cell types that are known to exist in spleen including those that have irregular or branching cell shapes. In particular, dendritic cells do not contain the large number of lysosomes seen in phagocytes, and do not actively interiorize intravenously administered colloidal thorium dioxide particles. They also lack the well developed secretory apparatus (rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi zone) and microfilament bundles that are noted in connective tissue cells. These morphologic observations, combined with previous in vitro work, substantiate the existence of a novel class of cells in mouse lymphoid organs.
Inheritance of antibody specificity. II. Anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl in the mouse.
Authors: Imanishi T , Makela O
Published: May 2018

Mice of 17 inbred strains produced anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl)-acetyl (NBrP) of three different fine specificity types. Anti-NBrP antibodies of all allotype b mice (five strains tested) had a high relative affinity for (4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl) acetyl (NNP) but low for (4-hydroxy-5-cloro-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NCP). Another category was characterized by high relative affinity for NCP but low for NNP. This category included most of the tested strains. The third category (CBA and C3H strains) had an intermediate fine specificity. Associated with fine specificity characteristics were anti-NBrP titers, mice of allotype b had lower titers than the other mice. Studies of congenic, recombinant inbred, F1 and backcross mice showed that both fine specificity and the magnitude of the anti-NBrP response of tbalb/C MICE WERE CONTROLLED BY AN ALLOTYPE-LINKED GENE. This gene was dominant over the C57BL/6 ALLELE. Lack of recombinant mice in the backcross generatioterns on the other suggest close linkage between the two genes.
Murine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: cellular distribution and response to cortisone.
Authors: Kung P C , Siverstone A E , McCaffrey R P , Baltimore D
Published: May 2018

The mouse thymus contains two forms of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which are distinguishable by the salt concentration necessary to elute them from a phosphocellulose column, by their distrubtion among the thymocyte subpopulations, and by their sensitivity to cortisone treatment. In the whole thymus the later eluting peak (peak II) is the predominant one with about 3-10% of the total activity appearing in peak I. Both peak I and peak II activities are most sensitively assayed by the polymerization of dGMP onto an oligo(dA) primer. The minor population of thymocytes which is less dense and cortisone-resistant contains a higher specific activity of peak I TdT. The majority of TdT activity is, however, found in the major population of thymocytes which occurs in the center region of a bovine serum albumin gradient and is cortisone-sensitive. A very low level of an activity indistinguishable from peak II TdT activity is also detected in the mouse bone marrow. Other tissues, such as spleen, liver, heart, and brain lack detectable amounts of TdT activity.
Historical Pageants and the Medieval Past in Twentieth-Century England
Authors: Bartie Angela , Fleming Linda , Freeman Mark , Hulme Tom , Hutton Alexander , Readman Paul
Published: May 2018

This article examines the representation of the medieval past in historical pageants in twentieth-century England. Pageants were an important aspect of popular engagement with the past, and often focused heavily on the medieval period. Different episodes and characters both historical and legendary—Alfred the Great, King John and Robin Hood, for example—featured at different times and in different ways during the twentieth century. Many communities saw their origins as being medieval, and almost all found important stories to tell from this period. However, the emphasis shifted over time, with the lessons of the ‘constitutional Middle Ages’ featuring prominently in Edwardian pageants, whereas by the 1950s elements of the romantic and grotesque were increasingly prominent. Throughout the twentieth century, aspects of civic medievalism were an important feature in pageants, particularly those staged in urban locations, but the style of representation of the medieval period changed over time, partly under the influence of new media—notably the cinema, radio and television. In the second half of the twentieth century, historical pageantry declined significantly, though it never disappeared; and although popular interest in the medieval past was undiminished, it increasingly took different forms.
Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Aggarwal Sahil , Ju David , Allen Angela M , Rose Laura A , Gill Karam P , Shen S Aricia , Temko Jamie E , Chang Irene , Faraj Jessica , Brabender Danielle E , Herbst de Cortina Sasha , Marik-Reis Olivia , Mehta Mitul C
Published: May 2018

Background

Visual impairment in developing countries has both social and economic impact on individuals and communities. Understanding the subjective visual functioning of populations will allow for local policymakers to identify the need for optometric or ophthalmic services in their communities.

Methods

The authors surveyed 644 adult patients in Mwanza, Tanzania at three clinics (Buzuruga, Mwananchi and Kisesa) using a modified Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. Responses were categorized into General health, General vision, Ocular pain, Near activities, Distance activities, Social function, Mental health, Role difficulties, Color vision, Peripheral vision and Dependency.

Results

Patients at Buzuruga reported the lowest scores on most subscales. Of 100 employed patients, 37% claimed to have at least some difficulty in performing job duties due to their eyesight. At Kisesa, 146 (246/221) patients (66.1%) had never had an eye exam, compared with 134/227 (59.0%) at Buzuruga and 69/173 (39.9%) at Mwananchi (p<0.01). Common reasons for not seeing an eye doctor were the perceived expense and lack of vision problems.

Conclusions

Due to regional differences in visual functioning in Mwanza, a national effort for vision health cannot be entirely successful without addressing the individualized needs of local communities. Reducing the cost of vision care appointments may expand vision health care utilization in Mwanza.