bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Education, Mathematical Confidence, and Financial Behavior
Authors: Marley-Payne Jack , Dituri Philip , Davidson Andrew
Published: April 2022

A significant ongoing initiative is to identify the conditions under which financial education is most effective, as it has been shown to work much better in some circumstances than others. One factor to consider is mathematical capability, as it has been linked to improved financial knowledge and financial outcomes. In this paper, we investigated one aspect of math capability: math confidence (that is, self-reported math ability). We examined how this factor interacts with financial education (measured by the number of financial education courses taken) with data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Survey (NFCS). We found that both mathematical confidence and financial education were positively associated with financial behaviors and, moreover, that the effects were largely independent rather than acting as substitutes – suggesting that future intervention work should consider both factors.
Serological evidence of egg drop syndrome 1976 in backyard poultry flocks in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adebiyi Adebowale Idris , Fagbohun Adekemi Florence
Published: April 2022

In Nigeria, egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS’76), unlike other poultry diseases, has been given little attention as a cause of economic losses due to decreased egg production, particularly in backyard poultry flocks. This study aimed to investigate the presence of EDS’76 virus in backyard poultry flocks in Oyo and Osun states, Southwestern Nigeria. Blood samples were collected in 24 farms from 218 apparently healthy, unvaccinated birds which comprised 30 Japanese quails, 75 turkeys, 30 ducks, 57 indigenous chickens and 26 guinea fowls. Indirect ELISA was used to detect anti-EDS’76 virus antibodies in sera from the birds, and poultry owners were interviewed on their purposes with regard to bird raising. Overall, 139 (63.8%) sera were positive for EDS’76 with 26.7% (8/30), 90.7% (68/75), 33.3% (10/30), 89.5% (51/57) and 7.7% (2/26) from Japanese quails, turkeys, ducks, indigenous chickens and guinea fowls, respectively. Some of the farmers practiced placing eggs from guinea fowls under brooding indigenous hens for natural incubation, or sold eggs from turkeys and ducks to commercial hatcheries. Our findings suggest that these bird species serve as reservoirs of EDS’76 virus with the probable involvement of backyard poultry in its transmission, particularly to commercial poultry and other birds in Southwestern Nigeria. Thus, backyard poultry should be included in anti-EDS’76 vaccination schedules in the country.
Strategi Pengembangan Produksi Garam di Wini – Perbatasan Timor Leste
Authors: Oki Kamilaus Konstanse , Andari Ismi , Abani Adrianus
Published: April 2022

Salt production in Wini on the border of Timor Leste is quite prospective because of the carrying capacity of marine resources and air temperature as well as the large domestic and foreign markets. The salt production area on the border of Timor Leste is 1,000 hectares which is located in the North Central Timor district and is the largest on the island of Timor. The production process still uses the traditional approach and other obstacles such as lack of working capital, not yet having a legal production permit. As a result, it is not feasible to process foreign exports. SWOT analysis is a solution to solve problems and find the best way to develop salt production in border areas. The purpose of the SWOT analysis is to analyze the important aspects of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of salt production in the border region. The sample in this study were salt farmers and other related elements. The results showed that a development strategy was needed by utilizing internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities to increase salt production capacity.
Etnomatematika Pada Pengolahan Cokelat Di Doesoen Kakao Banyuwangi Sebagai Bahan Menyusun Soal Matematika Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Amaliah Nafila Nur , Sugiarti Titik , Nuriman Nuriman
Published: April 2022

Etnomatematika merupakan sarana menghubungkan aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat dengan matematika seperti aktivitas menghitung, mengukur, dan mendesain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah etnomatematika pengolahan cokelat di Doesoen Kakao Banyuwangi sebagai bahan menyusun soal matematika pada jenjang sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Terdapat dua subjek penelitian yang berasal dari karyawan pengolahan cokelat di Doesoen Kakao. Etnomatematika yang dipelajari meliputi berbagai aktivitas pada pengolahan cokelat yang berfokus pada kegiatan menghitung, mengukur, dan mendesain. Aktivitas pengolahan cokelat mengandung konsep matematika operasi hitung (bilangan cacah, desimal, dan pecahan), aritmatika sosial, pengukuran (massa, suhu, waktu dan panjang), dan geometri. Soal yang disusun berdasarkan temuan etnomatematika yang disesuaikan dengan jenjang kelas dan kompetensi dasar
ANALISIS GRAFIS GERAKAN SENDI TERHADAP POROS VERTIKAL TULANG BELAKANG PENARI BAPANG MALANGAN
Authors: Sasmito Teguh , Soebiyakto Gatot , Finahari Nurida
Published: April 2022

Injuries in dancing activities can occur while practicing or during performance. Repetitive movements can be a major cause of injury when dancing. One of the injuries that can be fatal is spinal cord injury. The clinical manifestations of injury to the spine arise based on the location of the trauma. This study aims to identify potential movements that can cause spinal cord injury from the Bapang Malangan Dance. This potential is viewed from the movements that have a rotational effect on the spinal cord. The research was conducted by imitating several dance movements that were considered to have the potential to cause rotational motion in the spine. The measurement results of the spine rotational angle are used as the basis for carrying out kinematic and dynamic analysis. The degree of potential injury arising from movement is referred to at the normal allowable angle. From the results of the study, it is known that the area of ​​the neck segment from the spinal line of Bapang Malangan dancers is a potentially injury critical area. This is related to the rotation angle that occurs (50-60o) exceeds the maximum limit of normal rotation (45o). The load that works at the point of rotation is the weight of the head which act as pendulum with a combination of compressive effects. The development of research can be directed to the dynamic effects of dance movements, focusing on the study of modes of motion 2 that produce rotational changes in the entire spinal line, studying the combined effects of other body parts, and considering the dancer's skill.
KARAKTERISTIK KEBULATAN TERHADAP PARAMETER PROSES PEMBUBUTAN PADA MATERIAL ST 42 MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI DAN ANOVA
Authors: Hoten Hendri Van , Hakim Rijalul Rahman , Helmizar Helmizar , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: April 2022

This research is about the roundness characteristics of the turning process parameters on St 42 material using the Taguchi and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) methods. A cylindrical product requires a good roundness value to ensure its quality. One of the factors that determine the quality of these products is the machining process parameters. In this study, optimization of the turning process parameters using the Taguchi and ANOVA methods was carried out on the roundness characteristics of the workpiece. The workpiece used is Steel St 42. The lathe used is the Krisbow Precision Gear Head Machine 410X1000MM. After data analysis using the Taguchi method, the parameters with the optimum roundness value of 7.385 µm were 510 rpm spindle rotation, 1mm depth of cut, and coolant opening valve. The results of the ANOVA analysis show the percent contribution of each parameter, respectively, as follows: spindle rotation 26.97%, depth of cut 24.82%, and coolant 38.63%.
Anisakis Allergy: Raising Awareness
Authors: Rama Tiago Azenha , Silva Diana
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Ingestion of Anisakis is a common cause of allergic reactions to seafood in countries in which undercooked/raw seafood is part of gastronomic traditions. Despite current trends for the ingestion of raw/marinated/undercooked fish, the prevalence rate of anisakiasis and allergy to Anisakis is still considered to be low in Portugal. We aimed to review the current pathogenic mechanisms, the clinical and diagnostic approach of Anisakis allergy, and Anisakis-related eviction measures, while raising awareness to this problem. Material and Methods: Literature search in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases, regarding Anisakis allergy. Conclusion: Assessment of sensitization to Anisakis should be included in the workup study of urticaria/angioedema and anaphylaxis, as there is a rise in consumption of raw and undercooked fish. Ingestion of previously frozen and properly cooked fish appears to be safe for most patients who are allergic to Anisakis.
As formas da língua na "análise automática do discurso" (1969-1983)
Authors: Figueira Filipo
Published: April 2022

A Análise de Discurso proposta por Michel Pêcheux se exerce sobre a dupla materialidade da língua (base) e do discurso (processo). No entanto, há uma insatisfação, tanto dos linguistas quanto dos analistas do discurso, relativa ao suposto esquecimento do aspecto linguístico na AD. Assim, pretendo estabelecer um percurso de leitura sobre o conceito de “língua” no projeto teórico da Análise Automática do Discurso (1969-1983) de Michel Pêcheux como uma maneira de expor e defender sua importância nas análises e no arcabouço teórico da Análise do Discurso contemporânea. O percurso deste trabalho, portanto, inicia-se pela apropriação discursiva dos primados da metáfora sobre o sentido e do valor sobre a significação, estendendo-se até suas reelaborações finais, em que se formula a assunção de que a língua é capaz de revolta.
El conflicto Estados Unidos-China y las perspectivas del “desacoplamiento estratégico”
Authors: Rosales V. Osvaldo
Published: April 2022

El artículo revisa el rápido ascenso de China en la economía mundial durante las últimas dos décadas y las implicaciones de ello sobre la gobernabilidad económica mundial y, en particular, en las crecientes tensiones de China con los Estados Unidos. Se examinan hitos relevantes como el ingreso de China a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), la crisis subprime y la pandemia de covid-19. Se documenta el tránsito de la guerra comercial entre ambas potencias a un conflicto por el dominio de las principales tecnologías del siglo XXI. El artículo culmina con una reflexión sobre eventuales impactos de este conflicto en el escenario económico global.
América Latina y el Sudeste Asiático. Dos modelos de desarrollo, pero la misma “trampa del ingreso medio”: rentas fáciles crean élites indolentes
Authors: Palma José Gabriel , Pincus Jonathan
Published: April 2022

El éxito de algunos de los primeros países emergentes de Asia, como Corea, Taiwán, Singapur y Hong Kong, seguidos por China y la India desde 1980, ha elevado la vara para las economías en desarrollo. Sin embargo, otros países asiáticos emergentes, como los del Sudeste Asiático, incluidos Malasia, Tailandia, Indonesia y ahora Vietnam, aún no logran replicar el desempeño de sus predecesores asiáticos. ¿Será que ya están experimentando los problemas de una “trampa del ingreso medio” al estilo latinoamericano? El factor común de los atrapados en esta “trampa” en ambas regiones ha sido su incapacidad de “actualizar” sus estrategias productivas cuando las existentes ya se han agotado. La “trampa” indica que el crecimiento de la productividad es más difícil de sostener en las etapas más elevadas y complejas del proceso de cerrar brechas con la frontera productiva. Mientras que los países de América Latina ya han agotado su modelo de desarrollo puramente extractivo (y el crecimiento de la productividad ya se ha estancado durante décadas), los países del Sudeste Asiático no han logrado recuperar sus trayectorias de crecimiento anteriores a la crisis de 1997, pues han dejado de ser competitivos en actividades intensivas en mano de obra. Este artículo analiza cómo la estrategia ortodoxa del “más de lo mismo pero, con suerte, mejor”, que predican tantos economistas y acuerdos comerciales, no es la solución a dicha trampa. Los países de ingresos medios que enfrentan una desaceleración en el crecimiento de la productividad deberían rediseñar sus estrategias productivas. A fin de tener el desempeño de los países antes mencionados se requiere una estrategia consciente a nivel nacional que promueva la inversión en actividades con mayores potenciales de crecimiento de la productividad en el largo plazo, especialmente las exportaciones de manufacturas de mayor valor agregado. La principal implicación política de este análisis es que América Latina debe reactivar el crecimiento de la productividad agregando valor a sus exportaciones de materias primas y fortaleciendo los encadenamientos hacia atrás en sus procesos extractivos, mientras que los países del Sudeste Asiático deben “profundizar” sus operaciones de ensamblaje en la manufactura. La hipótesis de Nicholas Kaldor de que la manufactura ofrece la mejor oportunidad para lograr rendimientos crecientes a escala sigue siendo cierta, incluso en los mercados descentralizados y fragmentados de hoy, pero el tamaño limitado de los mercados internos significa que los países de ingreso medio deben priorizar las exportaciones de manufacturas usando todos los instrumentos de política todavía disponibles.
Política industrial activa como estrategia para el crecimiento de la economía mexicana
Authors: Sánchez Juárez Isaac Leobardo
Published: April 2022

México enfrenta desde hace tres décadas un problema de bajo crecimiento económico, en promedio anual, entre 1982 y el 2010 la economía creció un 2.1 por ciento, cifra bastante alejada del potencial de crecimiento que tiene este país en función de su población, recursos naturales y ventajas de localización geográfica. En la literatura científica se han planteado diversas explicaciones a este problema, siendo una de las más importantes la sectorial, según la cual, el bajo crecimiento del producto total es resultado de una ralentización de la tasa de producción y productividad en la industria manufacturera. En razón de lo anterior, el documento revisa la posición adoptada por las autoridades federales en materia industrial durante los últimos años, se discute lo ineficiente de su actitud, particularmente la confianza excesiva en los mecanismos de mercado y la apertura comercial. En función de la crítica y del reconocimiento de las nuevas condiciones internacionales en las que opera el sector industrial manufacturero, se exponen algunas recomendaciones dirigidas a establecer una política industrial activa como eje del crecimiento y la creación de empleo.
Crisis inmobiliaria, recesión y endeudamiento masivo, 2002-2011
Authors: Rivera Ríos Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

La crisis financiera mundial de la primera década del siglo XXI tuvo su origen en la creación y diversificación de instrumentos financieros respaldados por hipotecas que con el tiempo entraron en una fase de alto riesgo. Como parte de las perturbaciones de la crisis se promovió una restricción temporal del flujo de crédito, lo que provocó una recesión mundial en 2009; sin embargo la secuela de sobre-endeudamiento se extendió por el mundo desarrollado, afectando con particular virulencia a las economías más vulnerables de la Unión Europea en los siguientes años. En Islandia, Irlanda, Portugal. Grecia y España, la crisis siguió un patrón más o menos similar: colapso del sector inmobiliario, quiebras bancarias, su rescate con fondos públicos, sobre-endeudamiento, reducción forzada del déficit fiscal, desempleo, aumento de impuestos y devaluación de los bonos soberanos
Law and literature: a worm’s view on justice, irony and laughter based on “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas”
Authors: Sbizera José Alexandre Ricciardi
Published: April 2022

This paper articulates Law and Literature to develop considerations on law, irony and laughter, based on the novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner), by Machado de Assis. As an essay, the paper develops a reflection from the point of view of the worm to whom Machado de Assis dedicates his novel. Four main topics are thus developed: the first one introduces Machado de Assis, highlighting the main aspects of his work; the second one refers specifically to the novel hereby analyzed; the third one deals with the training of jurists, with indications on the practitioner’s actions and thoughts; then, the fourth topic is dedicated to analyzing the character Brás Cubas, based on the previously developed ideas. As final considerations, the paper brings ideas on the role of jurists, irony, laughter, in order to contribute to the reflection about contemporary law. The method used is of heuristic basis.
Machado de Assis teaching successions: the short story “Verba testamentária”
Authors: Luz Segundo Elpídio Paiva
Published: April 2022

From the methodology of law in literature, the article suggests to Civil Law teachers – specifically those of Successions – that using literary texts as instruments favor the learning of law, and for that purpose resorts to the short story “Verba testamentária”, by Machado de Assis.
Literary Culture of the Law in Brazil: A Tribute to Calvo González
Authors: Trindade André Karam
Published: April 2022

This article approaches the importance of José Calvo González’s contribution to the formation of a Literary Culture of the Law in Brazil. Internationally recognized as one of the main exponents of studies in Law and Literature, with extensive and consistent academic production since the 1990s, Calvo González regularly visited Brazilian institutions, between 2010 and 2019, a period in which he developed several activities and kept very close relationship with some researchers, especially from Rede Brasileira de Direito e Literatura. This article analyzes eight of his lectures, all presented at the International Colloquium on Law and Literature, as well as other relevant scientific activities carried out by him. The relationship between Calvo González and Brazil was quite intense and could be interpreted as a two-way street: on the one hand, his presence and interaction enabled constant dialogue, opening paths that led us to important and innovative projects in terrae brasilis; on the other hand, the expansion and diversity of investigations in Law and Literature in Brazil also were inspirational and encouraging for Calvo González’s own thinking. In conclusion, it is possible to state that Calvo González was certainly one of the greatest characters in the history of Law and Literature in Brazil, like Warat was in the 1980s and 1990s.
A Constituição: “resto diurno” do sonho da modernidade
Authors: Ruiz Alícia
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes the non-existence of “one” way of reading the constitution and “many” un-readings, but only “unreadings”. There is not “one” original meaning and “many” copies, representations or translations. In Latin America, constitutional texts have always been the object of controversy and dispute.
"An ordinary task to any constitutional court"?: overinterpretation and the time of occupation criterion (marco temporal) in the Raposa Serra do Sol indigenous land
Authors: Taroco Lara Santos Zangerolame
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the connections between the phenomenon of overinterpretation in Law and the time of occupation criterion, called marco temporal thesis, using the Law and Literature methodology. The category of overinterpretation hereby considered comes from the literary theory by Italian semioticist Umberto Eco. In this paper, overinterpretation theory is applied to Law, from its interlocution with Literature. This very category was mentioned in the Report n.001/2017, by the Brazilian Federal Attorney General’s Office, on the marco temporal thesis, which gave rise to the judgement analysis of Petition 3388/RR, by the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court, also known as the case of Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Land, when the abovementioned thesis was established. Then follows the analysis on the approximations between overinterpretation and the institutional safeguards provided for in the sentence, which go beyond the original case; as well as the hyperfictional aspect of the marco temporal thesis, which, by adopting a restrictive interpretation of indigenous territorial rights, denies the colonial process and the State’s own efforts to carry out forced removals of indigenous peoples. It also ignores the historicity and traditional occupation of the Brazilian territory by the indigenous peoples, which crosses textual limits and contradicts the Constitution itself.
Chiasms of power: art, law and politics in the "Coronation of Dom Pedro II" by Manuel De Araújo Porto-Alegre
Authors: Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes, from a legal perspective, the painting of the Coronation of Dom Pedro II by Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, as a bidimensional image that brings together four different temporalities: a) the power centered in the past on the image of the dynastic glory of his father, Emperor Dom Pedro I; b) the power centered on the present of the hierarchical organization among the different political groups represented in the painting; c) the power based on the retrospective future of the image of the Constitution and the Prayer Book; and d) the power centered on hope for the future of the Court and the Government, which, surprisingly, is not directed at the person of the Emperor or the Constitution, but at ourselves. Based on the analysis of the relationship between glory and sovereign power (Agamben), we conclude that the painting builds an intelligent visual chiasm about the glory of power, but at the same time subverts that chiasm through the eyes of the characters, which do not acclaim the body of the emperor, neither the Constitution, nor the people, but other complex references of meaning.
"God is a woman and her name is Petunia" and a dialogue on art and human rights
Authors: Schreiner Flavia Hardt
Published: April 2022

Book Review
Ethical and Social insights into Synthetic Biology: Bibliometric approach and predicting research fronts in POST-COVID-19 era
Authors: Wang Gaofeng , Kong Qingqing , Asmi Fahad , Wang Dong
Published: April 2022

As a revolutionary biological science and technology, synthetic biology (SynBio) has already spread its influence from natural science to philosophy and social sciences by introducing biosafety, biosecurity, environmental and ethical issues to society. The current study aims to elaborate the intellectual bases and research front of the synthetic biology field in the sphere of humanities and social sciences with knowledge mapping and bibliometric methods. The literature records from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1982 to 2021 were collected and analyzed to illustrate the intellectual structure of humanities and social researches of SynBio. This study profiled the hotspots of research focus on its governance, philosophical and ethical concerns, and relevant technologies. This study offers clues and enlightenment for the stakeholders and researchers to follow the progress of this emerging discipline and technology and to understand the cutting-edge ideas and future form of this field, which takes on greater significance in the post-COVID-19 era.
Case Report: Two Cases of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Caused by WDR62 Gene Mutation
Authors: Zhou Yan-ling , Gu Yan-ru , Yang Xiao-yu , Liu Dan , Hou Ren
Published: April 2022

Background: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a reduction in head circumference at birth and intellectual disability with or without structural abnormalities of the brain. Due to the heterogeneity of its phenotype, we cannot effectively predict the severity of its clinical manifestations at present, which is also a significant problem that needs to be overcome in the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.Case presentation: In both cases described here, full exon sequencing was performed after the medical history of both probands, and their parents were collected, as well as prenatal diagnosis of each fetus during pregnancy. The two probands were compound heterozygous mutations and were accompanied by some degree of abnormal brain structure. The fetal Sanger test results from case 1 also suggested a compound heterozygous mutation of c.2828dupA and c.4384delA, and the fetal Sanger test results from case 2 showed no obvious abnormality.Conclusions: The pathogenesis of MPCH caused by WDR62 gene mutation is not yet fully understood. Whole-exome sequencing and prenatal diagnosis can be used to increase the diagnosis rate and prevent the occurrence of this disease.
Depression in relation to lung cancer mortality and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhu Guang-Hui , Li Juan , Li Jie , Dai Ming-Hao , Gao Rui-Ke , Wang He-Ping
Published: April 2022

Background: Depression is a common complication of malignant tumor. Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in the world. The correlation between depression and lung cancer survival and mortality has not been analyzed. To provide an up-to-date quantification of the association between depression and lung cancer survival and mortality. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies published up to November 18, 2021. We estimated the correlation between depression and lung cancer mortality risk and survival using random or fixed-effect models and performed subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 26 studies, including 14914 patients with lung cancer, were included. Depression is associated with an increased mortality risk in lung cancer patients (RR=1.218, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.142-1.299), associated with reduced median survival time (RR=0.362, 95%CI =0.169-0.554), and was associated with increased mortality rate (RR=1.054, 95%CI =1.003-1.107). Subgroup analysis found a greater association among Asian participants. Depression, detected before lung cancer treatment began, was more associated with higher mortality risk and shorter survival. Conclusions: In summary, current evidence suggests suggest that depression have adverse effects on lung cancer mortality risk and survival. Therefore, when standardizing lung cancer treatment, we should pay close attention to the emotional status of lung cancer patients to ensure the maximum benefit of anti-tumor therapy, especially for Asian patients.
Local Tips, Global Impact: Community-Driven Measures As Avenues of Promoting Inclusion in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs): A Case Study of Kenya
Authors: Ochola Elizabeth Akinyi , Karanja Diana Sabwa , Elliott Susan Jean
Published: April 2022

Background: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affect poor populations with little or no ‘political voice’ to influence control activities. While most NTDs have interventions that work, the biggest challenge remains in delivering targeted interventions to affected populations residing in areas experiencing weak health systems. Despite the upward development trends in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the healthcare worker to population ratio remains exceptionally high, with some areas not served at all; thus, there is a need to involve other personnel for school and community-based healthcare approaches. Nonetheless, the current community-based programs suffer from inconsistent community participation due to a lack of coordinated response, and an expanded intervention agenda that lacks context-specific solutions applicable to rural, urban, and marginalized areas. Methods: This research investigated the capacity of local communities to address the burden of NTDs. Informed by the social theory of human capability, the research collected primary qualitative data by conducting key informant interviews and focus group discussions of people infected or affected by NTDs.Results: Our findings reveal, first, a need for intersectoral collaboration between governments and affected populations for inclusive and sustainable NTD solutions. Second, a ‘bottom-up’ approach that enhances capacity building, sensitization, and behaviour change for improved uptake of NTD interventions. Third, the enforcement of Public Health Legislative Acts that mandates the reporting and treatment of NTDs such as leprosy. Fourth, the establishment of support groups and counseling services to assist persons suffering from debilitating and permanent effects of NTDs. Conclusion: Our research demonstrates the role of human agency in encouraging new forms of participation leading to the co-production of inclusive and sustainable solutions against NTDs.
How much does the plain chest radiograph underestimate the extent of disease in subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Lau Angela , Lin Christopher , Barrie James , Winter Christopher , Armstrong Gavin , Egedahl Mary Lou , Doroshenko Alexander , Heffernan Courtney , Asadi Leyla , Fisher Dina , Paulsen Catherine , Moolji Jalal , Huang Yiming , Long Richard
Published: April 2022

Subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a recently described intermediate state of great interest, but about which little is known. This study sought to estimate the extent to which chest radiographs (CXRs), as compared to computed tomographic (CT) scans, under-detect key radiologic features in subclinical PTB, and to interpret the clinical and public health relevance of the differences. Diagnostic CXRs and CT scans of the thorax and neck in a 16-year cohort of subclinical PTB patients in Canada were re-acquired and read by two independent readers and arbitrated by a third reader. Logistic regression models were fit to determine how likely CXR features can be detected by CT scan versus CXR after adjustment for age and sex. Among 296 subclinical patients, CXRs were available in 286 (96.6%) and CT scans in 94 (32.9%). CXR features in patients with and without CT scans were comparable. Lung cavitation was 4.77 times (95% CI, 1.95–11.66), endobronchial spread 19.36 times (95% CI, 8.05–46.52), and moderate/far-advanced parenchymal disease 3.23 times (95% CI, 1.66–6.30), more common on CT scan than CXR. We conclude that the extent to which CXRs under-detect key radiologic features in subclinical PTB is substantial. This may have public health and treatment implications.
Regional association and transcriptome analysis revealed candidate genes controlling plant height in Brassica napus
Authors: Ren Rui , Liu Wei , Yao Min , Jia Yuan , Huang Luyao , Li Wenqian , Guan Mei , Liu Zhongsong , Guan Chunyun , Hua Wei , Xiong Xinghua , Qian Lunwen
Published: April 2022

Background
Plant height is a key morphological trait of rapeseed, which not only plays an important role in determining plant architecture, but is also an important character related to yield. Presently, improvement of plant architecture is a major challenge in rapeseed breeding. This work was carried out to identify genetic loci related to plant height have been characterized in rapeseed.
Results
In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of plant height was performed using a Brassica 60K Illumina Infinium SNP array in 203 Brassica napus accessions. Eleven haplotypes carrying important candidate genes were detected significantly associated with plant height on chromosomes A02, A03, A05, A07, A08, C03, C06 and C09. Meanwhile, regional association analysis of 50 resequencing rapeseed inbred lines was used to further analyze these eleven haplotypes and revealed nucleotide variation in the BnFBR12-A08 and BnCCR1-C03 gene regions related to the phenotypic variation in plant height. Furthermo re, coexpression network analysis showed that BnFBR12-A08 and BnCCR1-C03 were directly connected with hormone genes and transcription factors, and formed a potential network regulation in plant height of rapeseed.
Conclusions
Combination of GWAS with haplotype analysis revealed a number of directly or indirectly gene related to plant height and provide insight into the genetic basis of plant height in rapeseed. Otherwise, our results will be favorable to develop haplotype functional markers to further improve plant height in rapeseed.
Maf is a regulator of differentiation for gut immune epithelial cell Microfold cell (M cell)
Authors: George Joel Johnson , Martins Fabio Tadeu Arrojo , Martin-Diaz Laura , Viiri Keijo
Published: April 2022

Background: Microfold cells (M cells) are a specialized subset of epithelial intestinal cells responsible for immunosurveillance of the gastrointestinal tract. M cells are located in the Peyer’s patches and are crucial for monitoring and the transcytosis of antigens, microorganisms, and pathogens via their mature receptor GP2. A mature M cell with Gp2 receptor aids in the uptake of antigens, which are passed through the single layer of epithelium and presented to underlying antigen-presenting cells and processed further downstream with B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. Recent studies revealed several transcription factors and ligands responsible for the development and differentiation of mature M cells however, an exhaustive list of factors remains to be elucidated.Results: Our recent work on epigenetic regulation of M cells found Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma transcription factor (Maf) to be regulated by PRC2 complex in M cell development. Using organoids grown in RANKL stimulating conditions, β-galactosidase staining of Peyer’s patch and Maf mouse knockout models, we demonstrate Maf’s role in M cell developments. We observed that Maf expression is specific to M cells in the Peyer’s patch and organoids grown in RANKL conditions gives rise to mature markers Gp2 expression as well as Maf expression. Organoids isolated from Maf knockout mice grown in RANKL conditions failed to differentiate into M cells and showed a severe lack of expression in M cell markers Conclusions: In this paper, we explore Maf’s critical role in M cell differentiation and maturation. Maf falls under the purview of RANKL signaling, is localized in the Peyer’s patches of the intestine, and is expressed by M cells. Given that, complete knockout of the Maf gene leads to a lethal phenotype, organoids isolated from Maf knockout mice and treated with RANKL exhibited impaired M cell development and a significant decrease in Gp2 expression. These findings reveal that Maf is an important regulator for M cell development and differentiation
Accuracy of the Artificial Intelligence to Locate the Temporomandibular Disc in MRI
Authors: Moura Brenda de Souza , Quesado Gustavo , Ferreira Natalia Reis , Oliveira Aleli Tôrres , Grossmann Eduardo , DaSilva Alexandre F. , DosSantos Marcos Fabio
Published: April 2022

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term used to describe the morphological and/or functional changes that affect the masticatory system. Internal derangements of the TMJ are among the most prevalent articular subtypes of TMD. TMD diagnoses are based on clinical and imaging examinations, mostly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a method for optimizing determination of the position of the articular disc of the TMJ using MRI. This proof-of-concept study aimed to explore the reliability and accuracy of applying AI to optimize TMD diagnoses. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 459 images from 67 participants.. Neural networks and deep learning were developed. The study showed that the coefficient of agreement () between AI-analyzed MRI and TMJ MRI evaluated by specialist was 0.63. AI provided high reliability (84,6%) to locate the articular disc in MRI. Deep learning program revealed a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 76.9% on the 1,000-step test. The 50,000-step test showed a sensitivity of 87.7% and specificity of 76.9%. ROC curve (AUC > 0.8) emphasized the high diagnostic accuracy. These findings demonstrated that AI is effective in optimizing the location of the TMJ disc through MRI.
Trigeminal neurons control immune-bone cell interaction and metabolism in apical periodontitis
Authors: Austah Obadah N. , Lillis Katherine V. , Akopian Armen N. , Harris Stephen , Simanavicious Ruta , Diogenes Anibal
Published: April 2022

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease occurring following tooth infection with distinct osteolytic activity. Despite increasing evidence that sensory neurons participate in regulation of non-neuronal cells, their role in the development of AP is largely unknown. We hypothesized that trigeminal ganglia (TG) Nav1.8+ nociceptors regulate bone metabolism changes in response to AP. A selective ablation of nociceptive neurons in Nav1.8Cre/Diphtheria toxin A (DTA)Lox mouse line was used to evaluate the development and progression of AP using murine model of infection-induced AP. Ablation of Nav1.8+ nociceptors had earlier progression of AP with larger osteolytic lesions. Immunohistochemical and RNAscope analyses demonstrated greater number of macrophages, T-cells, osteoclast and osteoblast precursors and an increased RANKL:OPG ratio at earlier time points among Nav1.8Cre/ DTALox mice. There was an increased expression of IL-1α and IL-6 within lesions of nociceptor-ablated mice. Further, co-culture experiments demonstrated that TG neurons promoted osteoblast mineralization and inhibited osteoclastic function. The findings suggest that TG Nav1.8+ neurons contribute to modulation of the AP development by delaying the influx of immune cells, promoting osteoblastic differentiation, and decreasing osteoclastic activities. This newly uncovered mechanism could become a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AP and minimize the persistence of osteolytic lesions in refractory cases.
The Joint Application of P and Ammonium enhances soybean root growth and P uptake
Authors: Rosolem Ciro A. , Dias Patricia Pereira , Neto Laudelino Vieira Mota , Calonego Juliano Carlos
Published: April 2022

PurposeSoil phosphorus is transported to plant roots by diffusion, which is very slow. Therefore, the position of the applied fertilizer and the plant root length density will affect P uptake and utilization efficiency. It has been shown in neutral/alkaline soils that the joint application of P and N-NH+4 increases maize root proliferation and P acquisition, but this has not been shown in acidic soils for legumes. MethodsSoybean was grown for 25 days in glass-walled pots. Treatments were a control without P, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) applied either on the soil surface (MAPB) or localized (MAPL), close to the seed furrow. Root growth was assessed every two days. ResultsSoil P increased irrespective of P source and localization. Rhizosphere pH was decreased by P fertilization while soil bulk pH was not affected. TSP increased root length by 55 % and MAP by 76 % over the control, on average, and the number of root tips was increased by 21% on average with TSP, 58% by MAP applied on the soil surface and 78% by MAP localized. Soybean dry matter yields, N and P uptake, as well as P use efficiency were increased by P fertilization, mainly when MAP was localized. Rhizosphere pH was decreased by MAP, mainly when applied close to the roots. ConclusionPhosphorus uptake by soybean early in the cycle is increased by the joint application of P and ammonium through the decrease in rhizosphere pH resulting in root proliferation.
Measuring the Impact of Deprivation on Infants Born Preterm for Learning Difficulties and Behaviour: A Cohort Study
Authors: Isaac Thomas C W , Odd Dawn , Edwards Martin , Chakraborty Mallinath , Kotecha Sarah J , Kotecha Sailesh , Odd David
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To identify if children born preterm to families with higher levels of social deprivation are disproportionately more likely to have learning difficulties than those with lower levels of social deprivation.Methods: Data from the RANOPS (Respiratory And Neurological Outcomes in children born Preterm Study) was used to assess the prevalence of learning difficulties. The effects of preterm birth (gestation of less than 37 weeks) and deprivation (measured using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD)) were reviewed. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to examine if gestational age and deprivation impacts interacted after adjustment for possible confounders. Primary outcome measure was parent-reported learning difficulties. Secondary outcome measures were parent-reported behavioural problems and the need for a statement of special educational need.Results: We investigated the developmental outcomes of 6,691 infants with a median age of 5 years at time of survey (IQR 5). Deprivation decile (OR 1.08 (1.03-1.12)) and preterm birth (OR 2.67 (2.02-3.53)) were both associated with increased risk of learning difficulties. There was little evidence for any interaction between preterm birth and deprivation (p=0.298) and the risk of learning difficulties.Conclusions: Deprivation and preterm birth both have significant associations with learning difficulties. While deprivation does not appear to have potentiated the impact of preterm birth, preterm infants in the most deprived areas have the highest risk of learning difficulties with almost 1 in 3 extremely premature born infants with a learning difficulty in the most deprived areas.
Occupational Exposure and Non-hodgkin Lymphoma: a Brazilian Hospital-based Case-control Study
Authors: Sarpa Marcia , Costa Vanessa Índio do Brasil da , Ferreira Sâmila Natiane , Almeida Carolina Ávila , Oliveira Paula Gabriela , Vargas Letícia Mesquita , Schilithz Arthur OC , Stefanoff Claudio Gustavo , Hassan Rocio , Otero Ubirani Barros
Published: April 2022

Background: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy of the lymphoid lineage of the hematopoietic system and has increased worldwide, especially in developed countries. Better diagnostic and recording techniques, longer life expectancy, and greater exposure to risk factors are hypotheses for this growing incidence curve. Occupational exposures to chemical, biological, and physical agents have also been associated with NHL development. This study described the profile of the target population, the past illnesses and estimated the association between chemical, biological, and physical risk factors from occupational exposure and the occurrence of NHL in Brazil.Methods: This hospital-based observational case-control study was developed at the Cancer Hospital I (HCI), Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Brazil, between 2013 and 2016. The 215 studied adult patients were diagnosed with NHL and resided in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group included 455 visitors or companions of patients with non-hematologic neoplasia from the HCI/INCA. Socio-demographic, clinical, and occupational exposure data were obtained through individual interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were obtained through medical records. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the INCA under registration number 135/11.Results: Associations were found between risk of total NHL and, any solvents (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.42–4.00), hydrocarbon solvents (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.17–3.49), pesticides (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.15–8.90), animal and visceral material (OR = 4.67; 95% CI: 1.36–16.05) and solar radiation (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.07–4.62). Furthermore, exposure to solvents and hydrocarbons solvents for more than 10 years increased the chance of developing B-cell and T-cell lymphoma. Exposure to metals, pesticides, animal and visceral material, and solar radiation increased the chance of T-cell lymphoma, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma and DLBCL, and B-cell lymphoma, respectively.Conclusion: This is the first hospital-based case-control study conducted in Brazil that confirms the association between occupational exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents and the development of NHL. The results of this study agree with other international studies and will support strategies for surveillance and control of work-related cancer in Brazil.
Working Principle of the Calibration Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Solar Imaging with SKA Precursor
Authors: Kansabanik Devojyoti
Published: April 2022

Imaging the low-frequency radio Sun at high fidelity is an intrinsically challenging problem. Solar emissions span angular scales of a few degrees to the instrumental resolution and are composed of highly variable emissions over both temporal and spectral axis and, also covering a few orders of magnitude in brightness temperature. Unique array design of the Murchison Widefield Array(MWA), which is a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor, the state-of-the-art calibration and imaging pipeline, called AIRCARS, produces the high dynamic range spectroscopic snapshot solar images than ever made. The working principle and the strength of AIRCARS are discussed based on statistical analysis and simulation. AIRCARS can perform calibration of the solar observations and other bright astronomical sources even without any dedicated calibrator observations. AIRCARS uses the partial phase stability of the arrays with a compact core having a large number of antennas distributed over a small array footprint. It has been shown that AIRCARS can also perform calibration of radio interferometers with a much longer array footprint, but having a compact core. The strength of the novel algorithm of the AIRCARS makes it a state-of-the-art calibration pipeline, which is highly suitable for the upcoming SKA and other future radio interferometers for performing calibration and producing high dynamic range and high fidelity solar images of the Sun.
The Use of Phosphorescence Oxygen Analyzer to Measure Cellular Respiration in Thymic Fragments from Mice
Authors: Shamsi Mariam Al , Hassane Maya , Almarzooqi Farida , Souid Abdul-Kader
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThis report aims to detail the use of phosphorescence oxygen analyzer for in vitro investigation of the thymic response to pharmaceutical agents, in particular immunosuppressants and immunomodulators. Sirolimus (a highly specific inhibitor of the ‘molecular target of rapamycin’, mTOR) and ozanimod (an agonist of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a recently approved drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis) were investigated for this purpose. The detection method in this prescribed analytical instrument is based on the principle that oxygen quenches the phosphorescence of Pd(II) meso-tetra (sulfophenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin.MethodsThymic fragments from mice were placed in vials containing 2.0 mL phosphate-buffered saline, 0.5% fat-free bovine albumin, and 3 µM Pd phosphor (with or without added glucose). The vials were then sealed from air and their dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored at 25oC as a function of time.ResultsThe kinetics of oxygen consumption was zero-order; thus, its rate (in µM O2 min− 1) was the negative of d[O2]/dt. The addition of cyanide inhibited respiration, confirming oxygen was consumed in cytochrome oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In age-matched mice, the rate of thymocyte (cellular) respiration (mean ± SD, in µM O2 min− 1 mg− 1) was 0.046 ± 0.011 (median = 0.043, range = 0.028 to 0.062, n = 10). In thymic fragments from littermates, this rate was inhibited in the presence of sirolimus (16% lower) or ozanimod (29% lower).ConclusionsRespiration can serve as a surrogate biomarker for studying the mode-of-action and cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and immunosuppressants in thymic fragments collected from mice.