bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sexual life of women with breast cancer: meanings attributed to the diagnosis and its impact on sexuality
Authors: Cesnik Vanessa Monteiro , Vieira Elisabeth Meloni , Giami Alain , Almeida Ana Maria de , Santos Daniela Barsotti , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: September 2013

Breast cancer is the main neoplasm which affects women. It brings emotional problems in addition to physical and social problems due to affecting a bodily symbol of femininity. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual life of women with breast cancer in the first year after the surgical procedure, seeking the meanings they attributed to the diagnosis and its repercussions on sexuality. Ten women who participated in a rehabilitation program were interviewed. In addition to the face to face interview their medical record were analyzed. Two categories emerged from the thematic analysis highlighting the negative and the positive impacts of this disease on the sexual life. This variety of meanings encountered shows that there no single pattern of sexual life after breast cancer. The way each woman reacts to the disease makes the way she experiences her sexuality unique. It follows that issues of sexuality must be incorporated in interventions offered in the context of care for these women.
Suicide attempts: a contingency analysis
Authors: Figel Flávia Caroline , Menegatti Cláudia Lúcia , Pinheiro Elke do Pilar Nemer
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to understand, from the perspective of behavioral analysis, the possible antecedents and consequences of a suicide attempt for the individual responsible, using reports from patients that were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, due to their suicide attempts. Three patients that attempted suicide in 2010 took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews were performed, which included questions about the attempt, its antecedents and consequences, and the life history of the patient. Functional analysis showed the presence of risk factors for suicide, as well as reinforcing consequences for the individuals, such as social care only being available after the attempts.
Hepatite C em profissionais da saúde: risco de exposição e infecção
Authors: Ciorlia Luiz Alberto de Souza , Zanetta Dirce Maria Trevisan
Published: September 2013

Este artigo de revisão discute aspectos da hepatite C em profissionais da saúde e seu risco de exposição e infecção. Foram abordados temas como associação entre patógenos veiculados ao sangue e profissionais da saúde, hepatite C (epidemiologia, diagnóstico e prevenção), comunicação e registro de acidentes do trabalho com material biológico (sangue e fluidos corpóreos), e relação entre extensão e conseqüências dos acidentes com objetos perfurocortantes e exposição mucocutânea e a hepatite C.
Qualidade de vida em disfagia na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Carneiro Danielle , Belo Luciana Rodrigues , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales , Asano Amdore Gurgel C. , Lins Otávio Gomes
Published: September 2013

A doença de Parkinson pode causar distúrbios da deglutição em qualquer fase da doença devido às disfunções dos movimentos. Apesar da diversidade de sintomas, normalmente as alterações iniciais na deglutição do parkinsoniano são despercebidas e podem ocasionar prejuízo na qualidade de vida. Contudo, instrumentos que avaliam a qualidade de vida em disfagia na doença de Parkinson não têm sido sistematicamente estudados. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou identificar a utilização do questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Disfagia para avaliação na doença de Parkinson. Foram incluídos artigos com sujeitos de ambos os sexos e com doença de Parkinson idiopática, e excluídos os artigos de avaliação de tratamento e que apresentaram indivíduos com outra forma de parkinsonismo. Após a busca realizada nos portais da Bireme, Pubmed e Banco de Teses da Capes, foram analisados 30 artigos, dos quais dois foram incluídos depois da aplicação da Escala de Jadad modificada. Os dois artigos evidenciaram que o questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Disfagia é um instrumento seguro e relevante para avaliar alterações da deglutição do parkinsoniano nos domínios do instrumento, exceto no sono. Além disso, o questionário pode indicar uma compreensão da qualidade de vida geral. Sendo assim, a utilização do questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Disfagia contribuiu para avaliação da qualidade de vida em disfagia de sujeitos com doença de Parkinson.
As mudanças fonológicas obtidas pelo tratamento com o modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico
Authors: Barberena Luciana da Silva , Mota Helena Bolli , Keske-Soares Márcia
Published: September 2013

OBJETIVO: analisar as mudanças fonológicas obtidas (sistema fonológico, inventário fonético e alterações de traços distintivos) pré e pós-tratamento utilizando o Modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. MÉTODOS: foram realizadas avaliações fonoaudiológicas em oito crianças com diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico, cuja média de idade no início do tratamento era de 5:5. Todos receberam tratamento fonológico pelo Modelo "ABAB-Retirada" e Provas Múltiplas. Foram analisadas as evoluções quanto ao inventário fonético, sistema fonológico e alterações nos traços distintivos. RESULTADOS: todas as gravidades apresentaram evoluções no sistema fonológico. CONCLUSÕES: os desvios fonológicos graves apresentaram maiores evoluções.
The Assessment of Digital Study Models Using the GOSLON Yardstick Index
Authors: Nicholls Wendy , Singer Steven L. , Southall Peter J. , Winters John C.
Published: September 2013

Objective

To investigate the reproducibility and repeatability of digital models of patients with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using the GOSLON yardstick.

Design

Reproducibility and repeatability study.

Method

Two examiners used the GOSLON yardstick to assess the intermaxillary dentoalveolar relationship of 30 consecutive UCLP patients by analyzing their 9-year (±3 months) dental study casts and digital study models. The records were rated 1 week apart to avoid bias. The process was repeated 1 month later as a measure of reproducibility. Reliability was assessed by comparing the GOSLON score achieved between the two modalities. Patient dental study casts were sent to 3M Unitek Australia to be scanned using the 3M Unitek Lava™ system to produce digital study models. The accuracy of the dental study cast occlusal registration was assessed by both raters prior to sending the study models for scanning.

Statistical analysis

The Linear Weighted Kappa statistic and Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance statistic were used to determine the levels of agreement within and between raters.

Results

The linear weighted Kappa statistic for intrarater repeatability of digital study models scores were very high (0.89 and 0.97). This compared favorably to the intrarater repeatability of study model casts scores (0.86 and 0.97). There was very good agreement for interrater digital study model scores (0.80 and 0.87) and also for the interrater study model casts scores (0.80 and 0.90). Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance statistic (0.99) and Correlation Coefficient (0.86) support the weighted Kappa results of the digital study model scores.

Conclusion

Digital models can be used for GOSLON scoring with a high degree of reproducibility and repeatability.
The Ethics of Early Life Care: The Harms of Sleep Training
Authors: Narvaez Darcia
Published: September 2013

Some argue that forcing babies into independent sleeping is good for them, increasing health and well-being. They argue that making babies learn to settle themselves at night helps them establish self-regulatory skills and makes them stronger. These practices are supposed to put babies
on a road toward healthy physical outcomes, ensuring good sleep patterns. They are supposed to lead to emotional well-being, by ensuring children’s ability to control themselves and establish selfreliance. These beliefs suggest that their advocates know very little about human development.
It is a dangerous state of affairs.
Why Not "Crying It Out" Part 1: The Science That Tells Us That Responsiveness is Key
Authors: Miller Patrice Marie , Commons Michael Lamport
Published: September 2013

Considerable research, both experimental research with animals and research with humans, now documents the detrimental effects of early stress on brain development. These effects can occur not just in response to intense and repetitive stressful situations, but with some probability
may also occur in situations of parenting that is not responsive. In this context, this article addresses the biologically and ethologically based reasons that crying is detrimental to infants’ development— negatively impacting neurological structures, stress responses, physical health,
and socioemotional well-being.
Improvement on filterability in the aerobic treatment of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) wastewater
Authors: Qing Pei , Hui Chen , Ming Zhou , Qin Lu , Qiang Ma
Published: September 2013

CMC is chemically modified from natural cellulose and widely applied in
various industries. CMC wastewater consists mainly of sodium glycolate,
sodium chloride and water. With extremely high COD and salinity, high
concentration CMC wastewater can?t be biologically treated, but with COD and
salinity around 15000 mg/L and 30000 mg/L respectively, low concentration
CMC wastewater can be aerobically treated. In a CMC factory, the treatment
of low concentration wastewater with aerobic MBR was successful except for
one serious problem: poor filterability. Two trial solutions: adding
micronutrients and applying MBBR were expected to improve the filterability.
In the experiment, adding micronutrients was achieved by mixing filtered
natural water into the wastewater, rather than dosing chemicals into it. The
treatment efficiency of both solutions was close, but adding micronutrients
showed distinguished performance in improving filterability, which includes
higher filtration flux and slighter membrane fouling. Adding micronutrients
also effectively improved the filterability under severe salinity shock.
Evaluation of an oral electrolyte solution for treatment of mild to moderate dehydration in dogs with hemorrhagic diarrhea
Authors: Reineke Erica L. , Walton Karie , Otto Cynthia M.
Published: September 2013

Objective—To determine the safety and efficacy of an electrolyte solution for oral administration (OES) for the correction of mild to moderate dehydration associated with hemorrhagic diarrhea in dogs.

Design—Nonrandomized, noncontrolled clinical trial.

Animals—20 dogs that had hemorrhagic diarrhea with < 3 episodes of vomiting.

Procedures—All dogs underwent testing for parvovirus infection, were given maropitant citrate to control emesis, and were offered an OES. Intravenous crystalloid fluid administration was performed when dogs refused the OES or had vomiting, a 5% increase in PCV, 5% decrease in body weight, serum creatinine or BUN concentration higher than at admission, or clinically important alterations in blood electrolyte or serum glucose concentrations.

Results—13 (65%) dogs voluntarily consumed the OES; 7 (35%) dogs refused the OES and received a balanced electrolyte solution IV instead. All 13 dogs in the OES group consumed the solution ≤ 5 hours after hospital admission. Eight and 16 hours after admission, PCV and serum total protein and BUN concentrations were significantly lower than at hospital admission in the OES group, whereas no significant changes were identified in venous blood pH, base excess, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, ionized magnesium, and lactate. The cost of treatment was significantly less for the OES group than for the IV treated group.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Rehydration therapy with an OES was effective and safe in dogs with mild to moderate dehydration associated with hemorrhagic diarrhea. Potential benefits of this treatment approach for gastroenteritis in dogs, compared with traditional IV fluid administration, include lower owner-related veterinary costs and decreased staff time associated with treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:851–857)
Babyfacedness, Sex of Face Stimulus, and Social Context in Face Perception and Person Evaluation
Authors: Lee Yu-Kang
Published: September 2013

This research investigated whether the well-documented babyface stereotypical effects are moderated by sex of face stimuli and social context. ‘Medical doctor’ and ‘political candidate’ were selected as two social contexts which differ at the private/public level. An experiment was conducted with 245 adults ( M age = 38.5 yr., SD = 8.6, range = 23 to 64). Babyface effects were stronger for the babyfaced female in the political context, but greater for the babyfaced male in the doctor-patient context. Babyfacedness could be a disadvantage to men in political contexts if political sophistication is judged by their facial characteristics. The results of overall impressions are similar to the patterns of the likeability rating. Individual differences (political sophistication and health consciousness) account for little variance in inference-making or impression formation. Implications of the current findings are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Alpha Values as a Function of Sample Size, Effect Size, and Power: Accuracy over Inference
Authors: Bradley M. T. , Brand A.
Published: September 2013

Tables of alpha values as a function of sample size, effect size, and desired power were presented. The tables indicated expected alphas for small, medium, and large effect sizes given a variety of sample sizes. It was evident that sample sizes for most psychological studies are adequate for large effect sizes defined at .8. The typical alpha level of .05 and desired power of 90% can be achieved with 70 participants in two groups. It was perhaps doubtful if these ideal levels of alpha and power have generally been achieved for medium effect sizes in actual research, since 170 participants would be required. Small effect sizes have rarely been tested with an adequate number of participants or power. Implications were discussed.
Relations between Cloninger's Dimensions of Temperament and Steepness of Delay and Effort Discounting of Monetary Rewards
Authors: Malesza Marta , Ostaszewski Paweł
Published: September 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between Cloninger's personality dimensions of temperament (Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and the steepness of delay and effort discounting, which refers to a decrease in the subjective value of a reward as its delay, or effort required to obtain the reward, increases. Participants ( N = 112; ages 19 to 29 years, M = 21.80, SD = 1.35) filled out two inventories: the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Discounting Questionnaire. The study revealed that the higher the Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependency, the steeper the effort discounting. On the other hand, the higher one's Persistence, the shallower one's effort discounting. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between delay and effort discounting. The results indicated that effort discounting was related to, but not equivalent to, delay discounting.
Age-Related Changes of Grip Force Control in Physically Active Adults
Authors: Claudino Renato , Mazo Giovana Z. , Santos Marcio J.
Published: September 2013

The age-related changes for controlling grip force in adults who practice regular and supervised physical activity have not been investigated. Fifty-five physically active adults ages 50 years and older and a group of 20 young adults (18–30 years old) performed a task of grasping and lifting an object. The grip force and the object's acceleration were recorded and used to calculate the parameters of grip force control. The levels of daily physical activities were also examined in all age groups. There were no differences in grip force control between the age groups. Conversely, the group over 76 years old used stronger grip force and increased latency (the time from grip force application to the time the object is lifted off the table) to manipulate the object. The results of this study suggest that middle-aged and older adults who exercise regularly can reduce or delay the possible grip force control deficits associated with aging.
Academic Performance Antecedent Scale: Validation with Native and Recent Immigrant Children
Authors: Wang Ru-Jer , Kuo Kung-Bin , Cheng Chien-Ming , Hsieh Pei-Jung , Wang Han-Yu , Chang Ya-Wen , Shen Chia-Yi
Published: September 2013

This study aims to assess the measurement invariance of the three subscales of the newly developed Academic Performance Antecedent Scale (APAS) — School Factors, Mother's Parenting Style, and Individual Factors—across native and new immigrant children in Taiwan. The study sample comprised 527 Grade 4 students ( M age = 10.4 yr., SD = 0.6), 263 boys and 264 girls. The three groups were urban and rural children of Taiwanese natives ( n = 343, 65.1%), and 184 children with non-Taiwanese mothers (34.9%). The four-factor structure of the School Factors Subscale, the three-factor structure of the Mother's Parenting Style Subscale, and the five-factor structure of the Individual Factors Subscale all showed at least acceptable fit for the groups. In addition, metric invariance was confirmed for the School Factors and Individual Factors Subscales. Metric invariance was partially obtained for the Mother's Parenting Style Subscale. The findings provide validity evidences for cross-cultural generalizability of the APAS.
Construction of Anxiety and Dimensional Personality Model in College Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: September 2013

A sample of 402 volunteer male ( n = 156) and female ( n = 246) Kuwaiti undergraduates responded to the Arabic versions of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The latter questionnaire has four subscales: Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Lie. Women obtained a higher mean score on Kuwait University Anxiety Scale and Neuroticism than did men, while men had a higher mean score on Psychoticism than did women. Factor analysis of the intercorrelations between the five variables, separately conducted for men and women, gave rise to two orthogonal factors called Anxiety-and-Neuroticism vs Extraversion, and Psychoticism vs Lie. Stepwise regression revealed that Neuroticism was the main predictor of anxiety. It was concluded that persons with high Neuroticism scores may be more vulnerable to anxiety than those with low scores.
The Development of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Evidence from Chinese Children
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Meifang
Published: September 2013

Spontaneous trait inferences are trait inferences that are made without intention or conscious awareness on exposure to trait-implying behaviors. Most studies in the area of spontaneous trait inferences have been undertaken with adults, but little attention has been paid to the developmental course. Using a recognition probe paradigm, the current study was performed to examine the development of Chinese children's spontaneous trait inferences, comparing 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-year-olds. Results indicated that children could infer traits from trait-implying behaviors spontaneously from the age of 8 years. Moreover, the strength of spontaneous trait inferences peaked at age 10 years, and decreased steadily from ages 10 through 12. These results suggest developmental changes in the tendency to engage in spontaneous trait inferences.
Praiseworthiness: Predictors of Positive Interpersonal Judgments
Authors: Ogletree Shirley M. , Covington Jennifer A. , Archer Richard L.
Published: September 2013

Deterministic attitudes, information about a person's background, one's perceived similarity to a target person, and attributions of effort and ability may affect praiseworthiness. Two vignette studies with college student participants were conducted to consider this issue. Based on regression analyses, attributing achievement to effort was the strongest predictor of praiseworthiness across both studies. In addition, evidence for an augmenting effect of an impoverished background on praiseworthiness was found. In the first study, perceived similarity to the target individual and religious-philosophical determinism were also predictors of praiseworthiness, while belief in free will predicted praiseworthiness in the second study. Judgments of praiseworthiness may be tied to a number of factors; among the most important of these are overcoming an impoverished childhood background and the attributed effort required for success.
Korekcje zniekształceń kończyn dolnych u chorych z dysplazjami kostnymi z zastosowaniem stabilizatorów zewnętrznych / Lower limb deformities treatment with external fixators in patients with bone dysplasias
Authors: Koczewski Pawel , Shadi Milud
Published: September 2013

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. Dysplazje kostne jest to niejednorodna grupa schorzeń cechujących się biochemicznymi. mikro- i makroskopowymi zaburzeniami struktury szkieletu prowadzącymi do dysproporcji budowy ciała, nierówności kończyn oraz wielopłaszczyznowych deformacji osiowych. Szczególne miejsce w leczeniu tych deformacji ma metoda dystrakcyjna Ilizarowa.

Cel pracy. Celem badań jest ocena wyników leczenia deformacji kończyn dolnych w prze- biegu dysplazji kostnych z zastosowaniem stabilizatorów zewnętrznych.

Materiał i metody. Analizie poddano 25 chorych z różnego typu dysplazjami kostnymi (cho- roba Olliera - 10. choroba Blounta - 7. krzywica witamino-D oporna - 2. zespół Elis van Creveld - 2 oraz inne dysplazje - 4). u których leczono 45 segmentów (30 goleni. 15 ud). Wiek chorych w chwili leczenia wahał się od 7 do 20 lat (średnia 13.5). Wskazaniem do leczenie było skłócenie segmentu w 31 przypadkach oraz zagięcie osi w 39 przypadkach. Średnia wartość kąta deformacji wynosiła 18° (od 8 do 43). Chorych podzielono na dwie grupy etiologiczne: 1. z chorobą Olliera i 2. z innymi dysplazjami.

Wyniki. Pełną korekcję osi uzyskano we wszystkich korygowanych segmentach. W obrębie skłóconych segmentów uzyskano wydłużenie od 3.0 do 9cm (średnia 5.4). Indeks wydłużenia wahał się od 1.0 do 2.2 mies/cm (średnia 1.43). przy czym w grupie 1. był istotnie mniejszy i wynosił 1.28 podczas gdy w grupie 2. - 1.68.

Wnioski. Metoda dystrakcyjna Ilizarowa jest bezpieczną i efektywną metodą korekcji deformacji kończyn dolnych w przebiegu dysplazji kostnych ze stosunkowo niskim odsetkiem powikłań. Pozwala ona na korekcję wielopoziomowych deformacji w sposób jednoczasowy. U chorych z chorobą Olliera indeks wydłużenia jest niższy niż u chorych z innymi typami dysplazji.
Ocena Wpływu Laseroterapii i Magnetoterapii w Połączę Niu z Kinezyterapią u Pacjentów z Chorobą Zwyrodnie Niową Odcinka Lędźwiowo-Krzyżowego Kręgosłupa / Assessment the Influence of the Lasertherapy and Magnetotherapy in Connection With Kinesitherapy Used by Patients with the Degenerative Low Back Disease Abstract
Authors: Ratajczak Barbara , Ryfa Robert , Boerner Ewa , Kuciel-Lewandowska Jadwiga , Hawrylak Arletta , Demidaś Aneta
Published: September 2013

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. Zmiany zwyrodnieniowe odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego kręgosłupa to najczęstsze przyczyny ograniczenia aktywności ludzi młodych i w wieku średnim. Stanowią też główną przyczynę niezdolności do pracy i absencji. W ciągu całego życia około 80% dorosłego społeczeństwa skarży się na bóle krzyża. W patogenezie bólów krzyża ważną rolę odgrywają zmiany toczące siew obrębie krążka międzykręgowego i stawów tej samej okoli- cy oraz więzadeł kręgosłupa. Wybór odpowiedniego postępowania terapeutycznego jest za- daniem trudnym, wynikającym z istnienia wielu metod i różnorodności technik stosowanych w leczeniu zmian zwyrodnieniowych odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego kręgosłupa.

Cel.Celem pracy była ocena wpływu zabiegów laseroterapii i magnetoterapii w połączeniu z kinezyterapią stosowanych u pacjentów z chorobą zwyrodnieniową odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego.

Badani i metody. Badaniami objęto 30 osób w wieku od 41 do 62 lat. Pacjentom zlecono serię 10 zabiegów z użyciem światła laserowego, magnetoterapii oraz kinezyterapii. U wszystkich pacjentów przed terapią i po niej wykonano pomiary zakresu ruchomości odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego kręgosłupa przy użyciu inklinometni cyfrowego Saundersa. Wykonano test

Laseque'a oraz pomiar natężenia bólu stosując skalę VAS.

Wyniki. Poddając analizie średnie wartości badanych parametrów, określających zakres ruchomości kręgosłupa, zaobserwowano większe wartości zmiennych w badaniu drugim. Poprawa zakresów ruchomości nastąpiła we wszystkich płaszczyznach. Analizując wyniki dotyczące stopnia natężenia bólu badanego skalą VAS. stwierdzono statystycznie istotną różnicę pomiędzy wynikami pized terapią i po mej. Zaobserwowano zmmejszenie dolegliwości bólowych odcinka L-S kręgosłupa po zastosowanej seiii zabiegów. Objaw Laseque'a u 43,4% pacjentów pized terapią był dodatni, a u 56.6% ujemny Po leczemu 20% badanych charakteryzowała dodatnia próba, a 80% próba ujemna. Dzięki zastosowanej terapii pacjenci odczuwali zmniejszeme dolegliwości bólowych odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego kręgosłupa na poziomie statystycznie istotnym.

Wnioski. Wykazano, że laseroterapia i magnetoterapia skojarzone z kinezyterapią spowodowały obniżenie stopnia natężenia bólu. Po zastosowanej terapii zaobserwowano zwiększenie zakresów' ruchomości kręgosłupa we wszystkich płaszczyznach. Skojarzone usprawnianie pacjentów ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi odcinka lędźwiowo-krzyżowego kręgosłupa polegające na połączeniu laseroterapii, magnetoterapii i kinezyterapii wpłynęło istotme na zmmejszenie objawai Laseque’a.
Analiza Parametrów Czasowo-Przestrzennych Chodu Osób Starszych w Aspekcie Treningu / Elders’ Gait Analysis Using Spatiotemporal Parameters in Aspects of Training
Authors: Marciniak Tomasz , Wiszomirska Ida , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Kozdroń Ewa
Published: September 2013

Streszczenie

Wstąp. Inwolucyjne zmiany organizmu w procesie starzenia są wieloczynnikowe. a niektóre z nich mają wpływ na pogorszenie jakości lokomocji. Wyróżnia się wśród nich między innymi: spadek sił}' mięśniowej czy zmniejszenie zakresu ruchomości w stawach. Objawy tych zaburzeń manifestują się zmianą niektórych parametrów czasowo-przestrzennych chodu, przede wszystkim: zmniejszeniem prędkości chodu i długości kroku oraz zwiększeniem szerokości kroku.

Cel. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu różnych form treningowych na czasowo-przestrzenne parametry chodu osób starszych.

Materiał. Badaniem objęto 59 słuchaczy Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku AWF Warszawa. Badania lekarskie i wysiłkowe pozwoliły wykluczyć wszelkie przeciwwskazania zdrowotne. Dokonano podziału na dwie grupy treningowe: TW - trening wszechstronny i TN - trening w pozycjach niskich. Badania ukończyło po 14 osób z każdej z grup.

Metody. Pomiary wykonano przy użyciu platformy FDM Zebris. która rejestrowała parametry czasowo-przestrzenne badanych. Ich zadaniem było trzykrotne przejście po platformie z naturalną dla siebie prędkością. Cykl treningów trwał 12 tygodni, zajęcia odbywały się dwa razy w tygodniu i trwały 45 minut. Zasadnicza różnica pomiędzy treningami polegała na eliminacji ćwiczeń lokomocji i ćwiczeń w pozycjach wysokich w grupie TN. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono przy użyciu oprogramowania Statistica.

Wyniki. W wyniku treningu wszechstronnego wśród badanych zaobserwowano istotną zmianę sześciu parametrów chodu:. długość kroku prawej kończyny dolnej. długości kroku prawej kończyny dolnej (jako % długości kończyny), czas kroku prawej i lewej kończyny dolnej, czas cyklu chodu oraz kadencji. Pozostałe parametry wykazały pewną tendencję, lecz ich zmian nie można przypisać przeprowadzonemu treningowi. Badani grapy TN nie wykazali istotnych zmian w analizowanych parametrach.

Wnioski. Zmiany jakości chodu są wieloczynnikowe. istnieje więc potrzeba dalszych dociekań. w celu ich rozpoznania oraz modyfikacji w ramach treningu czy terapii. Dobór ćwiczeń zastosowanych w treningu powinien strukturalnie odzwierciedlać docelowy element, któiy ma być kształtowany.
A Correlated Random Effects Model for Nonignorable Missing Data in Value-Added Assessment of Teacher Effects
Authors: Karl Andrew T. , Yang Yan , Lohr Sharon L.
Published: September 2013

Value-added models have been widely used to assess the contributions of individual teachers and schools to students’ academic growth based on longitudinal student achievement outcomes. There is concern, however, that ignoring the presence of missing values, which are common in longitudinal studies, can bias teachers’ value-added scores. In this article, a flexible correlated random effects model is developed that jointly models the student responses and the student missing data indicators. Both the student responses and the missing data mechanism depend on latent teacher effects as well as latent student effects, and the correlation between the sets of random effects adjusts teachers’ value-added scores for informative missing data. The methods are illustrated with data from calculus classes at a large public university and with data from an elementary school district.
Internet Banking in Nepal: Use and Challenges
Authors: Khatri Jyoti Raj , Upadhyaya-Dhungel Kshitiz
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bj.v3i2.8544 Banking Journal Vol.3(2) 2013 pp.57-77
Searching for Animal Sentience: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature
Authors: Proctor Helen , Carder Gemma , Cornish Amelia
Published: September 2013

Knowledge of animal sentience is fundamental to many disciplines and imperative to the animal welfare movement. In this review, we examined what is being explored and discussed, regarding animal sentience, within the scientific literature. Rather than attempting to extract meaning from the many complex and abstract definitions of animal sentience, we searched over two decades of scientific literature using a peer-reviewed list of 174 keywords. The list consisted of human emotions, terminology associated with animal sentience, and traits often thought to be indicative of subjective states. We discovered that very little was actually being explored, and instead there was already much agreement about what animals can feel. Why then is there so much scepticism surrounding the science of animal sentience? Sentience refers to the subjective states of animals, and so is often thought to be impossible to measure objectively. However, when we consider that much of the research found to accept and utilise animal sentience is performed for the development of human drugs and treatment, it appears that measuring sentience is, after all, not quite as impossible as was previously thought. In this paper, we explored what has been published on animal sentience in the scientific literature and where the gaps in research lie. We drew conclusions on the implications for animal welfare science and argued for the importance of addressing these gaps in our knowledge. We found that there is a need for more research on positive emotional states in animals, and that there is still much to learn about taxa such as invertebrates. Such information will not only be useful in supporting and initiating legislative amendments but will help to increase understanding, and potentially positive actions and attitudes towards animals.
Designing Safer and Greener Antibiotics
Authors: Jordan Andrew , Gathergood Nicholas
Published: September 2013

Since the production of the first pharmaceutically active molecules at the beginning of the 1900s, drug molecules and their metabolites have been observed in the environment in significant concentrations. In this review, the persistence of antibiotics in the environment and their associated effects on ecosystems, bacterial resistance and health effects will be examined. Solutions to these problems will also be discussed, including the pharmaceutical industries input, green chemistry, computer modeling and representative ionic liquid research.
Representation of Extreme Precipitation Events Leading to Opposite Climate Change Signals over the Congo Basin
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Haensler Andreas , Weber Torsten , Hagemann Stefan , Jacob Daniela
Published: September 2013

We investigate the reasons for the opposite climate change signals in precipitation between the regional climate model REMO and its driving earth system model MPI-ESM over the greater Congo region. Three REMO simulations following three RCP scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) are conducted, and it is found that the opposite signals, with REMO showing a decrease and MPI-ESM an increase in the future precipitation, diverge strongly as we move from a less extreme to a more extreme scenario. It has been shown that REMO simulates a much higher number of extreme rainfall events than MPI-ESM. This results in higher surface runoff and thus less soil infiltration, which leads to lower amounts of soil moisture in REMO. This further leads to less moisture recycling via evapotranspiration, which in turn results in less precipitation over the region. In the presence of a strong radiative forcing, the hydrological cycle becomes less intense in REMO and a downward trend in hydrological variables is observed. Contrary to this, the higher amounts of soil-moisture due to the lack of extreme rainfall events in MPI-ESM enhance the hydrological cycle. In the presence of strong radiative forcing, higher amounts of soil moisture result in increased evapotranspiration which in turn results in the higher amount of precipitation. It is concluded that the land-atmosphere coupling over the Congo region is very sensitive to the change in soil moisture amounts, which is likely to play a major role in global warming conditions. Therefore, adequate and improved representation of soil processes in climate models is essential to study the effects of climate change. However, the better representation of extreme rainfall events in REMO compared to MPI-ESM can be regarded as an added value of the model.
Computation: A New Open Access Journal of Computational Chemistry, Computational Biology and Computational Engineering
Authors: Schwarz Karlheinz , Breitling Rainer , Allen Christian
Published: September 2013

Computation (ISSN 2079-3197; http://www.mdpi.com/journal/computation) is an international scientific open access journal focusing on fundamental work in the field of computational science and engineering. Computational science has become essential in many research areas by contributing to solving complex problems in fundamental science all the way to engineering. The very broad range of application domains suggests structuring this journal into three sections, which are briefly characterized below. In each section a further focusing will be provided by occasionally organizing special issues on topics of high interests, collecting papers on fundamental work in the field. More applied papers should be submitted to their corresponding specialist journals. To help us achieve our goal with this journal, we have an excellent editorial board to advise us on the exciting current and future trends in computation from methodology to application. We very much look forward to hearing all about the research going on across the world. [...]
Objective Bayesianism and the Maximum Entropy Principle
Authors: Landes Jürgen , Williamson Jon
Published: September 2013

Objective Bayesian epistemology invokes three norms: the strengths of our beliefs should be probabilities; they should be calibrated to our evidence of physical probabilities; and they should otherwise equivocate sufficiently between the basic propositions that we can express. The three norms are sometimes explicated by appealing to the maximum entropy principle, which says that a belief function should be a probability function, from all those that are calibrated to evidence, that has maximum entropy. However, the three norms of objective Bayesianism are usually justified in different ways. In this paper, we show that the three norms can all be subsumed under a single justification in terms of minimising worst-case expected loss. This, in turn, is equivalent to maximising a generalised notion of entropy. We suggest that requiring language invariance, in addition to minimising worst-case expected loss, motivates maximisation of standard entropy as opposed to maximisation of other instances of generalised entropy. Our argument also provides a qualified justification for updating degrees of belief by Bayesian conditionalisation. However, conditional probabilities play a less central part in the objective Bayesian account than they do under the subjective view of Bayesianism, leading to a reduced role for Bayes’ Theorem.
A Discrete Meta-Control Procedure for Approximating Solutions to Binary Programs
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Kohn Wolf , Zabinsky Zelda
Published: September 2013

Large-scale binary integer programs occur frequently in many real-world applications. For some binary integer problems, finding an optimal solution or even a feasible solution is computationally expensive. In this paper, we develop a discrete meta-control procedure to approximately solve large-scale binary integer programs efficiently. The key idea is to map the vector of n binary decision variables into a scalar function defined over a time interval [0; n] and construct a linear quadratic tracking (LQT) problem that can be solved efficiently. We prove that an LQT formulation has an optimal binary solution, analogous to a classical bang-bang control in continuous time. Our LQT approach can provide advantages in reducing computation while generating a good approximate solution. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Unification of Quantum and Gravity by Non Classical Information Entropy Space
Authors: Resconi Germano , Licata Ignazio , Fiscaletti Davide
Published: September 2013

A quantum entropy space is suggested as the fundamental arena describing the quantum effects. In the quantum regime the entropy is expressed as the superposition of many different Boltzmann entropies that span the space of the entropies before any measure. When a measure is performed the quantum entropy collapses to one component. A suggestive reading of the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics and of Bohm’s quantum potential in terms of the quantum entropy are provided. The space associated with the quantum entropy determines a distortion in the classical space of position, which appears as a Weyl-like gauge potential connected with Fisher information. This Weyl-like gauge potential produces a deformation of the moments which changes the classical action in such a way that Bohm’s quantum potential emerges as consequence of the non classical definition of entropy, in a non-Euclidean information space under the constraint of a minimum condition of Fisher information (Fisher Bohm- entropy). Finally, the possible quantum relativistic extensions of the theory and the connections with the problem of quantum gravity are investigated. The non classical thermodynamic approach to quantum phenomena changes the geometry of the particle phase space. In the light of the representation of gravity in ordinary phase space by torsion in the flat space (Teleparallel gravity), the change of geometry in the phase space introduces quantum phenomena in a natural way. This gives a new force to F. Shojai’s and A. Shojai’s theory where the geometry of space-time is highly coupled with a quantum potential whose origin is not the Schrödinger equation but the non classical entropy of a system of many particles that together change the geometry of the phase space of the positions (entanglement). In this way the non classical thermodynamic changes the classical geodetic as a consequence of the quantum phenomena and quantum and gravity are unified. Quantum affects geometry of multidimensional phase space and gravity changes in any point the torsion in the ordinary four-dimensional Lorenz space-time metric.
Asthma Associations in Children Attending a Museum of Science
Authors: Corlin Laura , Woodin Mark , Newhide Danny , Brown Erika , Diaz Sarah , Chi Amy , Brugge Doug
Published: September 2013

We explored the relative strength of environmental and social factors associated with pediatric asthma in middle class families and considered the efficacy of recruitment for an educational study at a science museum. Eligibility criteria were having a child aged 4–12 and English fluency. Our questionnaire included information on demographics, home environment, medical history, and environmental toxicant exposures. Statistically significant associations were found for: child’s age (t = −2.46; p = 0.014), allergies (OR = 11.5; 95%CI = 5.9–22.5), maternal asthma (OR = 2.2; 95%CI = 1.2–3.9), parents’ education level (OR = 0.5; 95%CI = 0.3–0.9), family income (OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.1–5.5), water damage at home (OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.1–5.5), stuffed animals in bedroom (OR = 0.4; 95%CI = 0.2–0.7), hospitalization within a week after birth (OR = 3.2; 95%CI = 1.4–7.0), diagnosis of pneumonia (OR = 2.8; 95%CI = 1.4–5.9), and multiple colds in a year (OR = 2.9; 95%CI = 1.5–5.7). Several other associations approached statistical significance, including African American race (OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.0–10.7), vitamin D supplement directive (OR = 0.2; 95%CI = 0.02–1.2), mice in the home (OR = 0.5, 95%CI = 0.2–1.1), and cockroaches in the home (OR = 4.3; CI = 0.8–21.6). In logistic regression, age, parents’ education, allergies, mold allergies, hospitalization after birth, stuffed animals in the bedroom, vitamin D supplement directive, and water damage in the home were all significant independent predictors of asthma. The urban science museum was a low-resource approach to address the relative importance of risk factors in this population.
Sperm Cells of a Primitive Strepsipteran
Authors: Nardi James , Delgado Juan , Collantes Francisco , Miller Lou , Bee Charles , Kathirithamby Jeyaraney
Published: September 2013

The unusual life style of Strepsiptera has presented a long-standing puzzle in establishing its affinity to other insects. Although Strepsiptera share few structural similarities with other insect orders, all members of this order share a parasitic life style with members of two distinctive families in the Coleoptera—the order now considered the most closely related to Strepsiptera based on recent genomic evidence. Among the structural features of several strepsipteran families and other insect families that have been surveyed are the organization of testes and ultrastructure of sperm cells. For comparison with existing information on insect sperm structure, this manuscript presents a description of testes and sperm of a representative of the most primitive extant strepsipteran family Mengenillidae, Eoxenos laboulbenei. We compare sperm structure of E. laboulbenei from this family with that of the three other families of Strepsiptera in the other strepsipteran suborder Stylopidia that have been studied as well as with members of the beetle families Meloidae and Rhipiphoridae that share similar life histories with Strepsiptera. Meloids, Rhipiphorids and Strepsipterans all begin larval life as active and viviparous first instar larvae. This study examines global features of these insects’ sperm cells along with specific ultrastructural features of their organelles.
SIVEH: Numerical Computing Simulation of Wireless Energy-Harvesting Sensor Nodes
Authors: Sanchez Antonio , Blanc Sara , Climent Salvador , Yuste Pedro , Ors Rafael
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a numerical energy harvesting model for sensor nodes, SIVEH (Simulator I–V for EH), based on I–V hardware tracking. I–V tracking is demonstrated to be more accurate than traditional energy modeling techniques when some of the components present different power dissipation at either different operating voltages or drawn currents. SIVEH numerical computing allows fast simulation of long periods of time—days, weeks, months or years—using real solar radiation curves. Moreover, SIVEH modeling has been enhanced with sleep time rate dynamic adjustment, while seeking energy-neutral operation. This paper presents the model description, a functional verification and a critical comparison with the classic energy approach.
Work Based Learning Combined with E-Learning for Acquisition of Management Competences
Authors: Soeiro Alfredo Vieira
Published: September 2013

Partners in E-View project developed and piloted a European Virtual Campus aimed at learners in the work place which focused on enhancing their management skills and competences within a European context. The project began with a needs analysis followed by the creation of the Virtual Campus Framework. This framework utilized a customised open source delivery methodology and a work-based learning module based on the needs analysis aimed at training managers in European enterprises. The module with an emphasis on working within Europe was piloted with about one hundred employees in the UK, Poland, Portugal and Ireland involving four employers. Concrete outcomes from E-View included a Virtual Campus Framework for Work-based learning (WBL) with a sample undergraduate module, two rounds of pilot courses and an online handbook with a description of the experiences gained in creating and delivering this course in the Virtual Campus Framework for Work-based Learning. Webinars were delivered and recorded to illustrate the procedures.
Transforming Computer Science Educators Landscape Using the Greek School Network
Authors: Paraskevas Michael , Zarouchas Thomas
Published: September 2013

This study presents the potential use of Greek School Network (GSN) to provide a robust and versatile e-learning course for computer science educators, in order to efficiently exploit advanced IT services, thus establishing a modern and attractive education environment in the Greek Society. For this reason, a time Scheduling and Tele-Education Platform (t-STEP) is introduced that efficiently compensates the growing needs on information and communication technologies and also provides the appropriate training framework to computer science educators in order to excel their technical proficiency
Gamify Your Teaching - Using Location-Based Games for Educational Purposes
Authors: Erenli Kai
Published: September 2013

Gamification has become a hot topic for todayâ??s educators. Many tools and methods have been developed and students have got used to Foursquare or Barcoo. This paper introduces an easy and cost-effective method that educators can use to develop custom-made Scavenger Hunts which meet the needs and expectations of their various fields.

In fact, the method can be used for multiple purposes, topics and audiences: elementary school children can be addressed as well as adult workers. The only devices needed to deploy the method are a QR-code-scanning device (such as a smartphone) and a GPS device. It must also be considered that almost 50 per cent of the U.S. population owns a smartphone. As a consequence our method â?? called â??QuizeRoâ? â?? can be considered easy to use. It is also expected to make teaching more fun.

The paper will offer a toolkit for individual use and a how-to guide based on the presenterâ??s own research and experience. A best practice case will also be presented to illustrate the impact on education. Moreover the paper will address advantages of learning in a playful setting and will outline further steps to quantify the outcome of this specific method.
A Two-Tier Coordination System against DDoS Attacks
Authors: Chen Chin-Ling , Chang Chih-Yu
Published: September 2013

We present a two-tier coordination approach for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks. The first tier traffic filter (1st-TF) filters suspicious traffic for possible flooding. This is achieved by using proactive tests to identify and isolate the malicious traffic. The second tier traffic filter (2nd-TF), which is deployed on network routers, performs online monitoring on queue length status with RED/Droptail mechanism for any incoming traffic. The simulation shows that the scheme can detect attacks accurately and effectively.