bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sweet Potato Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning Based on Multispectral Images Acquired from a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Singh Kriti , Huang Yanbo , Young Wyatt , Harvey Lorin , Hall Mark , Zhang Xin , Lobaton Edgar , Jenkins Johnie , Shankle Mark
Published: February 2025

Accurate prediction of sweet potato yield is crucial for effective crop management. This study investigates the use of vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from multispectral images acquired by a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) throughout the growing season, along with in situ-measured plant physiological parameters, to predict sweet potato yield. The data acquisition process through UAV field imaging is discussed in detail along with the extraction process for the multispectral bands that we use as features. The experiment is designed with a combination of different nitrogen application rates and cover crop treatments. The dependence of VIs and crop physiological parameters, such as leaf chlorophyll content, plant biomass, vine length, and leaf nitrogen content, on yield is evaluated through feature selection methods and model performance. Classical machine learning (ML) approaches and tree-based algorithms, like XGBoost and Random Forest, are implemented. Additionally, a soft-voting ML model ensemble approach is employed to improve performance of yield prediction. Individual models are trained and tested for different cover crop and nitrogen treatments to capture the relationships between the treatments and the target yield variable. The performance of the ML algorithms is evaluated using various popular model performance metrics like R2, RMSE, and MAE. Through modelling the data for cover crops and nitrogen treatment rates using individual models, the relationships and effects of different treatments on yield are explored. Important VIs useful for the study are identified through feature selection and model performance evaluation.
Development and Validation of Data Acquisition System for Real-Time Thermal Environment Monitoring in Animal Facilities
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Alves , Avelar Thalya Aleixo , Tinôco Ilda de Fátima Ferreira , Coelho André Luiz de Freitas , Sousa Fernanda Campos de , Barbari Matteo
Published: February 2025

In animal facilities, monitoring and controlling the thermal environment are essential in ensuring productivity and sustainability. However, many production units face challenges in implementing and maintaining effective thermal monitoring and control systems. Given the need for Smart Livestock Farming systems, this study aimed to develop and validate an easy-to-use, low-cost embedded system (ESLC) for the real-time monitoring of dry-bulb air temperature (Tdb, in °C) and relative humidity (RH, in %) in animal production facilities. The ESLC consists of data collection/transmission modules and a server for Internet of Things (IoT) data storage. ESLC modules and standard recording sensors (SRS) were installed in prototype animal facilities. Over 21 days, their performance was evaluated based on the Data Transmission Success Rate (DTSR, in %) and Data Transmission Interval (DTI, in minutes). Additionally, agreement between the ESLC modules and the SRS was assessed using the daily mean root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (RE) across different Tdb and RH ranges. The ESLC successfully collected and transmitted data to the cloud server, achieving an average DTSR of 94.04% and a predominant DTI of one minute. Regarding measurement agreement, distinct daily mean RMSE values were obtained for Tdb (0.26–2.46 °C) and RH (4.37–16.20%). Furthermore, four sensor modules exhibited mean RE values below 3.00% across all Tdb ranges, while all sensor modules showed progressively increasing mean RE values as RH levels rose. Consequently, calibration curves were established for each sensor module, achieving a high correlation between raw and corrected values (determination coefficient above 0.98). It was concluded that the ESLC is a promising solution for thermal monitoring in animal facilities, enabling continuous and reliable data collection and transmission.
The Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density in the Main Crop on Yield and Cadmium Accumulation of Ratoon Rice
Authors: Tian Qinqin , Zheng Dechao , Chen Pingping , Yuan Shuai , Yi Zhenxie
Published: February 2025

Rice cultivated in cadmium (Cd)-polluted acidic paddy soil poses important health risks in China. Mitigating Cd accumulation in rice is of crucial importance for food safety and human health. In this study, using Chuangliangyou 669 as the ratoon rice variety, a field experiment was conducted in paddy fields with severe Cd pollution (Cd concentration > 1.0 mg kg−1). The aim was to explore the impacts of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N1-180 kg hm−2, N2-153 kg hm−2, N3-126 kg hm−2) and planting densities (D1-20 cm × 20 cm, D2-16.7 cm × 16.7 cm) in the main crop on the yield and Cd accumulation characteristics of ratoon rice. The results showed that reducing the amount of N fertilizer would lead to a decrease in the yield of ratoon rice, while increasing the planting density could increase the yield, mainly by increasing the effective panicle. Among the various combined treatments, the yields of N1M2 and N2M2 were relatively high. The planting density had no significant impact on the Cd concentration, translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor of ratoon rice. The Cd concentration in various tissues of ratoon rice decreased significantly with the reduction in N fertilizer application. Reducing N fertilizer application could increase the pH, reduce the concentration of available Cd in the soil and consequently reduce the Cd bioaccumulation factor of various tissues of ratoon rice and the Cd translocation factor from roots and stems to brown rice. Considering both the yield and the Cd concentration in brown rice, N2M2 was the optimal treatment of reducing N and increasing density, which could maintain a relatively high yield while significantly reducing the Cd concentration.
Effects of Yucca schidigera Extract Inclusion in Holstein Calves’ Diets on Performance, Metabolism, and Rumen Volatile Fatty Acid Profile
Authors: dos Santos Tainara L. , Mello Emeline P. , Vitt Maksuel G. de , Triantafyllou Michel G. , Silva Luiz Eduardo Lobo e , Wagner Roger , Da Silva Aleksandro S.
Published: February 2025

In the diet of calves, the search for additives that aid in their development is essential due to the impact that these can generate throughout their lives, resulting in a relationship with their longevity and the maintenance of the herd. Yuca schidigera has been used in ruminant diets, impacting health and performance; however, there are few reports on its intake by dairy cattle in the rearing phase. Therefore, this study’s objective was to evaluate whether adding Yucca schidigera to the diet of calves in the rearing phase can benefit health, productive performance, and feed efficiency. The study was conducted over 60 days, with 24 calves divided into two groups: G1 had no added Yucca schidigera and G2 had 188 mg of Yucca schidigera added per kg of dry matter intake. Data and samples were collected at 30-day intervals. No treatment effect was observed in body weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, or feed intake (p > 0.05); however, the calves in G2 showed 26.3% lower feed efficiency than those in G1. Using the concentrate consumption of the calves, the amount of Yucca schidigera ingested was calculated, i.e., 555 mg/calf/day. The total leukocyte count was significantly lower in the calves in G2 compared to G1 on the 60th day. No effect from the treatment or treatment × day interaction was observed for the hematologic variables: erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The activities of the enzyme’s gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in the animals in group G2. There was no effect from the treatment on albumin, globulin, total protein, C-reactive protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea, or amylase. There was a treatment × day interaction for levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione S-transferase, which were higher in the blood of calves in group G2 compared to the control. The activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase did not differ between groups. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6) in the serum of calves that consumed Yucca schidigera were higher on day 60 compared to the control. A higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the ruminal fluid was observed in animals in group G2 compared to G1, primarily due to the higher levels of acetic acid. The amounts of propionate and butyrate were lower in the ruminal fluid of calves in group G2. These results allow us to conclude that the consumption of Yucca schidigera at a dose of 555 mg/animal/day interferes with calves’ metabolism and negatively affects feed efficiency.
The Effects of Climate Change on Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis Habitats in the Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Wen Lihong , Zhang Heng , Fang Zhou , Chen Xinjun
Published: February 2025

The northern Indian Ocean is located in a typical monsoon region that is also influenced by climate events such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which makes Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis habitat highly susceptible to changes in climate and marine environmental conditions. This study established a suitability index (SI) model and used the arithmetic average method to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability index (HSI) model based on S. oualaniensis production statistics in the northern Indian Ocean from 2017 to 2019. Variations in the suitability of S. oualaniensis habitat during different IOD events were then analyzed. The results indicate that the model performed best when year, month, latitude, longitude, sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed (WS), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) variables were included in the generalized additive model (GAM). SST, WS, and PAR were identified as the most important key environmental factors. The HSI model showed that the most suitable habitat during a positive IOD event was smaller than during a negative IOD event and that the suitable habitat’s center was located west of the positive IOD event and east of the negative IOD event. There was a significant inverse relationship between the area, suitable for habitation, and the north–south shift in the latitudinal gravity center and the Dipole modal index (DMI). The results indicate significant differences in the habitat of S. oualaniensis in the northern Indian Ocean during different IOD events, as well as differences in suitable habitat ranges and the spatial distribution of the species.
The Regulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Antioxidative Defense Response of Pacific Oyster upon High-Temperature Stress
Authors: Liu Ranyang , Gao Lei , Zhang Xueshu , Ge Pingan , Wang Ling , Zhou Keli , Yang Chuanyan , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have found that high temperatures cause oxidative stress and even mass mortality in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). The role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in improving antioxidative defense in aquatic animals is increasingly of interest. In the present study, the oxidative stress of Pacific oysters to high-temperature stress was examined, and the regulation of GABA on the antioxidative defense was further investigated. Following 6 h of exposure to 28 °C seawater, a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the activities of SOD and CAT, was observed in the gill, compared to those at 0 h. An increase of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA receptor (GABAAR-α and GABABR-B) mRNA levels, and GABA contents were also detected after 28 °C exposure compared to those at 0 h. Furthermore, the activities and mRNA expression levels of SOD and CAT were significantly upregulated after GABA treatment, while decreased after either GAD inhibitor or GABA receptor inhibitor treatment under high-temperature stress. Meanwhile, the enhanced effects of GABA on antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced when Nrf2 was inhibited by ML385, accompanied by an increase in MDA content. After high-temperature stress, compared with the GABA treatment group, the activities and mRNA expression levels of SOD and CAT were significantly upregulated by GSK-3β inhibitor treatment. Meanwhile, the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities by GABA was attenuated by the AKT inhibitor treatment. Collectively, GABA first activated GABA receptors under high-temperature stress and then increased the activities of SOD and CAT and reduced MDA content by AKT/GSK-3β and Nrf2 pathways to protect the oysters against oxidative damage upon stress. The present results offer new insights for understanding the regulation mechanisms of antioxidative defense by the neuroendocrine system in molluscs.
Redox Regulation and Glucose Metabolism in the Stallion Spermatozoa
Authors: Peña Fernando J. , Martín-Cano Francisco E. , Becerro-Rey Laura , da Silva-Álvarez Eva , Gaitskell-Phillips Gemma , Aparicio Inés M. , Gil María C. , Ortega-Ferrusola Cristina
Published: February 2025

Stallion spermatozoa are cells which exhibit intense metabolic activity, where oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria is the primary ATP generator. However, metabolism must be viewed as a highly interconnected network of oxidation–reduction reactions that generate the energy necessary for life. An unavoidable side effect of metabolism is the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the evolution of sophisticated mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. In this paper, we provide an updated overview of glucose metabolism in stallion spermatozoa, highlighting recent evidence on the role of aerobic glycolysis in these cells, and the existence of an intracellular lactate shuttle that may help to explain the particular metabolism of the stallion spermatozoa in the context of their redox regulation.
Concentrated Couple in a Plane and in a Half-Plane in the Framework of Fractional Nonlocal Elasticity
Authors: Povstenko Yuriy , Kyrylych Tamara , Woźna-Szcześniak Bożena , Szcześniak Ireneusz , Yatsko Andrzej
Published: February 2025

In nonlocal elasticity, the constitutive equation for the stress tensor is written in an integral form, with the weight function, referred to as the nonlocality kernel, often being the Green’s function for the partial differential equation. In this paper, we obtain solutions to elasticity problems for a concentrated couple in a plane and on the boundary of a half-plane within framework of a new theory of nonlocal elasticity, where the nonlocal kernel is the Green’s function of the Cauchy problem for the fractional diffusion equation. The obtained solutions are free from nonphysical singularities that appear in the classical local elasticity solutions.
Monitoring the Thermal Degradation of Two Spruce Species, (Picea abies L., Picea rubens Sarg.), Cherry (Prunus avium), and Oak (Quercus spp.) Under the Influence of Radiant Heat
Authors: Marková Iveta , Jaďuďová Jana , Gašpercová Stanislava , Bóna Dušan
Published: February 2025

Wood, in the form of cladding or furniture, is often placed in close proximity to heat radiant sources. This research focused on samples, which are Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), cherry (Prunus avium), and oak (Quercus spp.). The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of the distance of the selected wood samples from the radiant heat source on the process of thermal degradation of wood. Additionally, this research aimed to identify significant effects of wood species and sample distance on this process. A hot-plate device, an electric plate heated according to a temperature–time curve, was used as the initiating source. Samples were placed directly on the plate, as well as at two different distances from the plate (12 and 32 mm). During the experiment, the temperature history on the heat-exposed side of the sample, its mass loss, and the formation of a charred layer were monitored. Additionally, the progression of thermal degradation and related effects (smell, smoldering, and charring layer) were visually observed. The highest level of degradation was observed in the spruce sample placed directly on the plate, which started to smolder after 540 s of exposure to radiant heat at 291.2 °C.
Self-Adaptive Clustering Model Based on Variable Time-Series Similarity Measure Analysis for V2G Electricity Price Prediction
Authors: Zhou Tie Hua , Xun Xirao , Wang Ling , Hu Gongliang , Ding Wei , Kou Lei
Published: February 2025

Data with time attributions such as price, load, and stock, which directly reflect the variation tendency, are the most common type of data character available. However, it is difficult to predict complex and volatile time-series character data. Further, most density cluster methods employ existing data to train the initial radius; however, a certain density radius is hard to be made suitable for continuously generated on-going datasets. Therefore, how to select a suitable timespan according to the time-series character in a way that makes it possible to support an adaptive updated density radius for real-time calculation is a core process. In this paper, a self-adaptive multi-density (SAMD) prediction model is proposed for solving the dynamic density radius selection problem in time-series data so as to improve the accuracy of real-time prediction. This multi-density clustering method can effectively shorten the iteration times and achieve dynamic clustering by the proposed jump sequence, which can optimize the jump points in the electricity price sequence. Moreover, we especially focus on the time interval features and other multi-source influencing factors together to construct the multi-core function with double-layer optimization to calculate the weighted coefficients, which have good adaptability and improve the classification and recognition performance. The experimental results show that the model had higher prediction accuracy and reduced processing time consumption in order to achieve real-time prediction.
Advances in the Application of Intelligent Algorithms to the Optimization and Control of Hydrodynamic Noise: Improve Energy Efficiency and System Optimization
Authors: Xu Maosen , Fan Bokai , Lin Renyong , Lin Rong , Wu Xian , Zheng Shuihua , Gu Yunqing , Mou Jiegang
Published: February 2025

Hydrodynamic noise is induced by hydrodynamic phenomena, such as pressure fluctuations, shear layers, and eddy currents, which have a significant impact on ship performance, pumping equipment efficiency, detection accuracy, and the living environment of marine organisms. Specifically, hydrodynamic noise increases fluid resistance around the hull, reduces speed and fuel efficiency, and affects the stealthiness of military vessels; whereas, in pumping equipment, noise generation is usually accompanied by energy loss and mechanical vibration, resulting in reduced efficiency and accelerated wear and tear of the equipment. Traditional physical experiments, theoretical modeling, and numerical simulation methods occupy a key position in hydrodynamic noise research, but each have their own limitations: physical experiments are limited by experimental conditions, which make it difficult to comprehensively reproduce the characteristics of the complex flow field; theoretical modeling appears to be simplified and idealized to cope with the multiscale noise mechanism; and numerical simulation methods, although accurate, are deficient in the sense that they are computationally expensive and difficult to adapt to complex boundary conditions. In recent years, intelligent algorithms represented by data-driven algorithms and heuristic algorithms have gradually emerged, showing great potential for development in hydrodynamic noise optimization applications. To this end, this paper systematically reviews progress in the application of intelligent algorithms in hydrodynamic noise research, focusing on their advantages in the optimal design of noise sources, noise prediction, and control strategy optimization. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the problems of data scarcity, computational efficiency, and model interpretability faced in the current research, and looks forward to the possible improvements brought by hybrid methods, including physical information neural networks, in future research directions. It is hoped that this review can provide useful references for theoretical research and practical engineering applications involving hydrodynamic noise, and point the way toward further exploration in related fields.
The Impact of Kinesiophobia on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wlazło Marika , Szlacheta Patryk , Grajek Mateusz , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Malchrowicz-Mośko Ewa , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona
Published: February 2025

Individuals suffering from non-communicable NCDs often experience chronic pain, which can directly contribute to the development of kinesiophobia and fear of movement, significantly impacting the quality of life and physical activity (PA) of chronically ill patients. This review aims to examine the impact of kinesiophobia on PA, quality of life, and the rehabilitation process in patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review using six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar), conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The review included 81 articles (comprising experimental studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews). The prevalence of kinesiophobia and fear of movement among patients with chronic diseases ranged from 42.85% to 93%, depending on the type of condition. The average prevalence rate of kinesiophobia in the entire analyzed group was 63.6%, which highlights the significance of the problem in relation to the chronic diseases discussed. The presence of movement-related fear in individuals with chronic illnesses represents a significant barrier to engaging in PA, which can directly impact their quality of life. Future research is recommended to focus on identifying risk factors and the influence of kinesiophobia on various aspects of life, allowing for clearer understanding and coherence.
Intelligent Monitoring of Tunnel Fire Smoke Based on Improved YOLOX and Edge Computing
Authors: Li Chaojing , Zhu Bochao , Chen Guangyao , Li Qiming , Xu Zhao
Published: February 2025

To overcome the defects of traditional fire detection methods that have a high false alarm rate and long delay, a smart tunnel fire monitoring method based on a YOLOX deep convolutional neural network and edge computing is proposed. This method first improves the detection accuracy by analyzing the relationship between frequency domain and convolutional neural networks and the use of wavelet transform. Then, based on the smoke features observed in the experiments, a fuzzy loss method is proposed to accelerate the model convergence speed. To address the issue of a weak computing power of edge devices, the training model is optimized by using knowledge distillation and model quantization, thereby improving the running speed on edge devices. At the same time, a series of related lightweight methods are adopted to optimize the model, reduce the computational cost, and improve the detection speed. Finally, the accuracy of flame and smoke detection on a self-built dataset reaches 85%, which is about 1.8% higher than the baseline method YOLOX and achieves a balance between the speed and accuracy of the model.
Distribution Pattern and Controlling Factors of Reef–Shoal Reservoirs on Both Sides of the Intra-Platform Depression in the Changxing Formation, Wolonghe-Yangduxi Area, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Bi Yuhang , Hu Zhonggui , Wu Saijun , Hu Jiuzhen , Tong Weijie , Yao Min
Published: February 2025

The development pattern of the high-quality reservoir in the Changxing Formation in the Wolonghe-Yangduxi area of southeastern Sichuan is complex. To clarify its evolution, genetic mechanisms, and distribution patterns, this study integrates data from profiles, cores, thin sections, and well logs. It reveals the distribution mechanisms of the bio-reef and shoal reservoirs in the Changxing Formation and discusses the controlling effects of tectonic, sedimentary, and diagenetic processes on reservoir development. The results show the following: (1) The Changxing Formation mainly develops open platform facies, platform margin facies, and slope-basin facies, which can be further subdivided into subfacies of platforms, intra-platform depressions, intra-platform depressions marginal reefs, and intra-platform depressions marginal shoals. The intra-platform margin reefs and the reefs at the edge of the platforms are favorable microfacies for reservoir development. (2) The high-quality reservoirs of the Changxing Formation are dominated by medium-thick-layered biogenic reef limestone and bioclastic limestone, with secondary porosity as the main reservoir space. (3) Sedimentary conditions, sea level fluctuations, and diagenesis are crucial factors for reservoir development. Paleogeomorphological conditions provide the foundation for reservoir development, while sea level fluctuations control the internal structure of the reef–shoal and the cyclical variations in the reservoir.
Association Between Mastication Pattern, Periodontal Condition, and Cognitive Condition—Investigation Using Large Database of Japanese Universal Healthcare System
Authors: Shiba Takahiko , Sasaki Daisuke , Xie Juanna , Chen Chia-Yu , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nagai Shigemi
Published: February 2025

The decline in oral health commonly occurs as a natural consequence of aging or due to various pathological factors. Tooth loss, which diminishes masticatory ability, has been associated with negative impacts on cognitive function. This observational study analyzed dental and medical records from Japan’s Universal Healthcare System (UHCS) national database to investigate the relationship between cognitive and oral disorders, focusing on periodontitis and decreased tooth-to-tooth contact between the maxillary and mandibular arches. A descriptive data analysis evaluated diagnostic codes for Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment alongside dental treatment records from 2013 to 2018. The odds ratios for cognitive impairment in patients with partial loss of natural tooth contact were 1.6663 (p < 0.05) for early elderly individuals (aged 65–75) and 1.5003 (p < 0.0001) for advanced elderly individuals (over 75). Periodontally compromised patients had higher odds, with ratios of 1.3936 (p < 0.0001) for early elderly individuals and 1.1888 (p < 0.00001) for advanced elderly individuals, compared to their periodontally healthy counterparts. These findings suggest a potential link between cognitive health, natural tooth contact preservation, and periodontitis, with the loss of natural tooth contacts having the most significant impact on cognitive function.
Semantic-Attention Enhanced DSC-Transformer for Lymph Node Ultrasound Classification and Remote Diagnostics
Authors: Fu Ying , Tan Shi , Kadoch Michel , Zhong Jinghua , Guo Lifeng , Zhang Yangan , Huang Xiaohong , Yuan Xueguang
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel Semantic-Attention Enhanced Dynamic Swin Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM) Transformer (DSC-Transformer) for lymph node ultrasound image classification. The model integrates semantic feature extraction and multi-scale attention mechanisms with the Swin Transformer architecture, enabling efficient processing of diagnostically significant regions while suppressing noise. Key innovations include semantic-driven preprocessing for localized diagnostic focus, adaptive compression for bandwidth-limited scenarios, and multi-scale attention modules for capturing both global anatomical context and local texture details. The model’s effectiveness is validated through comprehensive experiments on diverse datasets and Grad-Channel Attention Module (CAM) visualizations, demonstrating superior classification performance while maintaining high efficiency in remote diagnostic settings. This semantic-attention enhancement makes the DSC-Transformer particularly effective for telemedicine applications, representing a significant advancement in AI-driven medical image analysis with broad implications for telehealth deployment.
Long-Term Effects of Adverse Maternal Care on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis Function of Juvenile and Adolescent Macaques
Authors: McCormack Kai , Bramlett Sara , Morin Elyse L. , Siebert Erin R. , Guzman Dora , Howell Brittany , Sanchez Mar M.
Published: February 2025

Early life adversity (ELA) is a known risk factor for psychopathology, including stress-related anxiety and depressive disorders. The underlying mechanisms and developmental changes remain poorly understood. A likely underpinning is the impact of ELA on the development of stress response systems, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Our group studied a translational ELA model of spontaneous infant maltreatment by the mother in rhesus macaques, where we used a cross-fostering design to randomly assign infant macaques to either Control or Maltreating (MALT) foster mothers at birth to examine the impact of adverse caregiving on the development of the HPA axis, while controlling for the confounding effects of heritable and prenatal factors. We previously reported higher levels of plasma and hair cortisol (CORT) across the first 6 postnatal months (equivalent to the first 2 years of life in humans) in the MALT than in the Control infants. Here, we followed the same cohort of infants longitudinally to assess the long-term developmental impact of this adverse experience on HPA axis function during the juvenile (12, 18 months) and late adolescent (~5 years) periods. For this, we collected measurements of diurnal CORT rhythm and glucocorticoid negative feedback using the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At 12 months, we found higher diurnal CORT secretion in MALT females compared to Control females, and impaired negative feedback in response to the DST in both sexes in the MALT group. However, ELA group differences in the HPA axis function disappeared by 18 months and late adolescence, while sex differences in diurnal CORT rhythm emerged or became stronger. These results suggest that infant maltreatment causes dysregulation of the HPA axis during the first year of life, with HPA axis function normalizing later, during the pre-pubertal juvenile period and adolescence. This suggests that the impact of maltreatment on HPA axis function may be transient, at least if the adverse experience stops. Our findings are consistent with human evidence of recalibration/normalization of HPA axis function during adolescence in children that switch from adverse/deprived environments to supportive adoptive families. This research has broad implications regarding the biological processes that translate ELA to psychopathology during development and the pathways to resiliency.
Notch1 siRNA and AMD3100 Ameliorate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Zhu Chunli , Cheng Yiheng , Yang Lei , Lyu Yifu , Li Jingjing , Zhao Pengbo , Zhu Ying , Xin Xiaofei , Yin Lifang
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: As a key mechanism of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathogenesis, inflammation triggered by chronic liver injury and immune cells with macrophages enables MASLD to progress to an advanced stage with irreversible processes such as fibrosis, cell necrosis, and cancer in the liver. The complexity of MASLD, including crosstalk between multiple organs and the liver, makes developing a new drug for MASLD challenging, especially in single-drug therapy. It was reported that upregulation of Notch1 is closely associated with the function of pro-inflammatory macrophages. To leverage this signaling pathway in treating MASLD, we developed a combination therapy. Materials and Methods: We chose Notch1 siRNA (siNotch1) to block the Notch pathway so that phenotypic regulation and functional recovery can be achieved in macrophages, combining with small molecule drug AMD3100. AMD3100 can cut off the migration of inflammatory cells to the liver to impede the development of inflammation and inhibit the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis in liver fibrosis to protect against the activation of HSCs. Then, we investigated the efficacy of the combination therapy on resolving inflammation and MASLD. Results: We demonstrated that in liver cells, siNotch1 combined with AMD3100 not only directly modulated macrophages by downregulating multiple pathways downstream of Notch, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-migration, and switch of macrophage phenotype, but also modulated macrophage phenotypes through inhibiting NET release. The restored macrophages further regulate HSC and neutrophils. In in vivo pharmacodynamic studies, combination therapy exhibits a superior therapeutical effect over monotherapy in MASLD models. Conclusions: These results constitute an siRNA therapeutical approach combined with a small molecule drug against inflammation and liver injury in MASLD, offering a promising therapeutic intervention for MASLD.
A Multi-Omics-Based Exploration of the Predictive Role of MSMB in Prostate Cancer Recurrence: A Study Using Bayesian Inverse Convolution and 10 Machine Learning Combinations
Authors: Huang Shan , Yin Hang
Published: February 2025

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy among elderly men. Biochemical recurrence (BCR), which typically occurs after radical treatments such as radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy, serves as a critical indicator of potential disease progression. However, reliable and effective methods for predicting BCR in PCa patients remain limited. Methods: In this study, we used Bayesian deconvolution combined with 10 machine learning algorithms to build a five-gene model for predicting PCa progression. The model and the five selected genes were externally validated. Various analyses such as prognosis, clinical subgroups, tumor microenvironment, immunity, genetic variants, and drug sensitivity were performed on MSMB/Epithelial_cells subgroups. Results: Our model outperformed 102 previously published prognostic features. Notably, PCa patients with a high proportion of MSMB/epithelial cells were characterized by a greater progression-free Interval (PFI), a higher proportion of early-stage tumors, a lower stromal component, and a reduced presence of tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAF). The high proportion of MSMB/epithelial cells was also associated with higher frequencies of SPOP and TP53 mutations. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that patients with a poorer prognosis and lower MSMB/epithelial cell ratio showed increased sensitivity to cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and dasatinib. Conclusions: The model developed in this study provides a robust and accurate tool for predicting PCa progression. It offers significant potential for enhancing risk stratification and informing personalized treatment strategies for PCa patients.
Secondary Neutropenias
Authors: Ward Alister C.
Published: February 2025

Neutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that typically present with muted symptoms. Neutropenias encompass a heterogeneous set of disorders, comprising primary neutropenias, in which specific genes are mutated, and the more common secondary neutropenias, which have diverse non-genetic causes. These include hematological and other cancers, involving both direct effects of the cancer itself and indirect impacts via the chemotherapeutic, biological agents and cell-based approaches used for treatment. Other significant causes of secondary neutropenias are non-chemotherapeutic drugs, autoimmune and other immune diseases, infections and nutrient deficiencies. These collectively act by impacting neutrophil production in the bone marrow and/or destruction throughout the body. This review describes the biological and clinical manifestations of secondary neutropenias, detailing their underlying causes and management, with a discussion of alternative and emerging therapeutic approaches.
Estrogen Promotes Endometrial Cancer Development by Modulating ZNF626, SLK, and RFWD3 Gene Expression and Inducing Immune Inflammatory Changes
Authors: Fan Jiuming , Zhang Mengyao , Wu Huailiang , Ye Zehua , Wang Liyan
Published: February 2025

Background: Elevated estrogen has been found to contribute to the pathological development of endometrial cancer (EC), potentially through alterations in the tumor inflammatory immune microenvironment. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Methods: Bioinformatics was used to identify differentially expressed genes, analyze pathway enrichment, and assess their correlation with immune cell infiltration. Ishikawa cells and ECC-1 cells were stimulated with estradiol (E2) or the selective estrogen receptor modulator Arzoxifene, and qPCR was performed to measure gene expression changes. CCK8 and FACS assays were used to analyze cell cycle alterations, while Western blotting (WB) was used to evaluate apoptosis. Results: ZNF626 and SLK were highly expressed in EC tissues, whereas RFWD3 expression was downregulated. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a positive correlation between ZNF626 and M2 macrophages, while SLK was negatively correlated with M1 macrophages, memory B cells, and plasma cells. RFWD3 showed more complex correlations with multiple immune cell phenotypes, including T cells. E2 stimulation resulted in the increased expression of ZNF626 and SLK, while RFWD3 expression decreased. This was accompanied by enhanced cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. In contrast, Arzoxifene stimulation produced the opposite effects. Conclusions: Estrogen promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by upregulating ZNF626 and SLK, while downregulating RFWD3. Furthermore, estrogen induces a shift in the tumor microenvironment, characterized by a reduction in memory CD4+ T cells and a transition from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes, thus facilitating the onset and progression of EC.
SERS-Active Micro/Nanomachines for Biosensing
Authors: Li Chenbing , Zhang Wenqing , Zheng Kai , Guo Jianhe
Published: February 2025

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive analytical technique with widespread applications in biochemical analysis and biomedical diagnostics. The need for highly sensitive, reproducible, and efficient detection of biomolecules in complex biological environments has driven significant advancements in SERS-based biosensing platforms. In this context, micro/nanomachines (MNMs) have garnered attention as versatile SERS-active substrates due to their unique structural and motional characteristics at the micro- and nanoscale. This review explores the advantages of integrating MNMs with SERS for biosensing, discussing recent technological advances, various propulsion strategies, and their potential in a range of analytical applications.
13N-Ammonia PET-CT for Evaluating Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy and Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Scolozzi Valentina , Nicoletti Alberto , Capotosti Amedeo , Ponziani Francesca Romana , Taralli Silvia , Genco Enza , Leccisotti Lucia , Moretti Roberto , Indovina Luca , Pompili Maurizio , Calcagni Maria Lucia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To prospectively investigate dynamic 13N-ammonia PET-CT for evaluating early treatment response and predicting prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who have undergone antiangiogenic therapy. Methods: Dynamic 13N-ammonia PET-CT was performed in 23 advanced HCC patients before antiangiogenic therapy (baseline) and in 18/23 patients after 8-10 weeks of treatment (post-therapy). At kinetic PET-CT analysis, mean, maximum, and peak values of K1 (mL/cm3/min) and k2 (min−1) were estimated in HCC lesions and non-neoplastic liver using cardiologic 13N-ammonia PET-CT in 15 patients without any liver diseases as normal controls. Outcome endpoints were treatment response after 8–10 weeks assessed by contrast-enhanced CT, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: At both baseline and post-therapy PET-CT, all kinetic PET parameters were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HCC lesions than in non-neoplastic and healthy liver of HCC patients and controls. According to mRECIST criteria, 13/18 patients (72.2%) were responders (1 CR, 1 PR, and 11 SD), and 5/18 patients (27.8%) were non-responders (PD), with no significant differences in baseline and post-therapy PET parameters between the two groups. At follow-up (median: 14.2 months), 15/18 patients (83.3%) experienced radiological progression, and 14/18 (77.8%) died (7/14 within 12 months from treatment). The nine earlier-progression patients (within 6 months from treatment) showed significantly lower baseline K1mean in HCC lesions than all nine patients with later or no-progression (p = 0.03). Patients still alive 12 months after treatment (n = 11) showed significantly lower post-therapy K1mean (p = 0.05), K1max (p = 0.05), and K1peak (p = 0.03) in non-neoplastic liver than patients with shorter OS (n = 7). Conclusions: In advanced HCC patients treated with antiangiogenic agents, kinetic parameters from baseline and post-therapy 13N-ammonia PET-CT may predict early disease progression and survival. PET-CT seems not able to discriminate responders and non-responders after 8-10 weeks of treatment, suggesting the need for future and larger studies after a longer treatment period.
Salivary Gland Cancers in the Era of Molecular Analysis: The Role of Tissue and Liquid Biomarkers
Authors: Broseghini Elisabetta , Carosi Francesca , Berti Mirea , Compagno Samuele , Ghelardini Anna , Fermi Matteo , Querzoli Giulia , Filippini Daria Maria
Published: February 2025

Background: Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies, accounting for approximately 5% of head and neck cancers. Despite their rarity, advances in molecular profiling have revealed a variety of genetic and molecular pathways, many of which are potentially actionable with targeted therapies. Methods: We reviewed the current literature involving the molecular landscape of SGCs, encompassing the diagnostic and prognostic value of tissue and liquid biomarkers and the potential therapeutic targets across various histological subtypes. Results: Our review highlights key molecular diagnostic findings such as the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and MYB-NFIB rearrangements in adenoid cystic carcinoma, but also targetable alterations such as HER2 and AR positivity in salivary duct carcinoma and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in secretory carcinoma. Liquid biopsy (both blood- or salivary-based), including circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and miRNAs, offers novel, noninvasive approaches for disease monitoring and personalized treatment. Emerging therapies such as HER2 inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, and TRK inhibitors underscore the shift towards precision oncology in managing these malignancies. Conclusions: Despite promising advances, challenges remain due to the rarity and phenotypic heterogeneity of SGCs, emphasizing the need for molecularly stratified clinical trials. This review presents an overview of tissue and liquid biomarkers, focusing on molecular targets and therapeutic innovations that lay the foundation for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies for SGCs.
Colorectal Neoplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Al Sulais Eman , AlAmeel Turki , Alenzi Maram , Shehab Mohammad , AlMutairdi Abdulelah , Al-Bawardy Badr
Published: February 2025

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn’s disease, are at an increased risk of developing colonic dysplasia and neoplasia. Multiple risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of colonic neoplasia in IBD, including but not limited to underlying disease extent, severity, duration, and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. The overall risk of colonic neoplasia in IBD is decreasing but surveillance is still warranted in patients with high-risk features. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, approach to surveillance, and management of colonic neoplasia in IBD.
Correction: Girard et al. Comparative Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy versus Conventional Comparator Treatments in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Cancers 2024, 16, 2492
Authors: Girard Nicolas , Besada Mariam , Rogula Basia , Lucherini Stefano , Vo Lien , Chaudhary Mohammad A. , Goring Sarah , Lozano-Ortega Greta , Tran Mia , Varol Nebibe , Waser Nathalie , Yu Winifred W. , Lee Jay M. , Spicer Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Winifred W. Yu was not included as an author in the original publication [...]
H2O2 and HAN Green Monopropellants—A State-of-the-Art Review on Their Recent Development, Corresponding Synthesized Catalysts, and Their Possible Use as Thrusters
Authors: Kasbi Youssef , Remissa Imane , Toshtay Kainaubek , Mabrouk Assia , Bachar Ahmed , Azat Seitkhan , Nosseir Ahmed E. S. , Tiwari Amit , Sabbar El Mouloudi , Amrousse Rachid
Published: February 2025

This review provides a state-of-the-art and up-to-date analysis of the design and development of green monopropellant thrusters based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN) as high-energy compounds for reaction control maneuvering of satellites. In summary, we introduce the new concept of Green Liquid Propellants (GLPs) that can serve as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional hydrazine thrusters. GLPs offer several advantages, including low toxicity, acceptable thermal decomposition and combustion behaviors, low onset temperatures of decomposition, stability, and long-term storability, compared to hydrazine. H2O2 exhibits a low onset temperature; however, its storability does not match that of hydrazine. On the other hand, HAN boasts excellent storability; however, it comes with a higher onset temperature when compared to hydrazine. This review provides critical insights into the recent advancements in H2O2 and HAN thrusters, along with an examination of the corresponding catalysts. The focus is on their application for the long-term maneuvering of satellites. We have chosen H2O2 and HAN formulations to focus on these two GLPs due to their extensive use by various space agencies worldwide. Moreover, the future directives of both selected green propellants were discussed for potential applications. Finally, the choice between H2O2 and HAN depends on the specific requirements of the propulsion system, taking into account factors such as performance, environmental impact, safety, and operational considerations. Each propellant has its advantages and challenges, and ongoing research aims to address some of the limitations associated with these green propellants.