bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMBODIMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SONOR WRITING IN THE CREATIVE WORKS OF E. VILLA-LOBOS (on the example of the piano suite “Dolls”)
Authors: Zhornikova Mariia
Published: March 2021

Introduction. E. Villa Lobos (1887–1957) is a classic the 20th century music. For Ukrainian musicology, the piano legacy of E. Villa-Lobos is relevant in terms of substantiating the innovation of the composer’s thinking in world creative practice at the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, the performers of the piano suite “Dolls” are faced with the problem of understanding the content of sonor-textural music. Оbjectives. To identify the distinctive features of E. Villa-Lobos’ use of elements of the sonority,which are based on the synthesis with Brazilian folk melos (on the example of the analysis of the piano suite “Dolls”). The subject. The piano suite (“Dolls”) (1918) as an example of the composer’s early creative style, which embodies the principles of sonorism typical for impressionist aesthetics. Theoretical Background. The novelty of the artistic tasks set by E. Villa-Lobos to the performers of his music in the early period of his creative activity required the study of the fundamental works of Yu. Kholopov, V. Tsenova, V. Kholopova, in which the meaning of the concepts “sonority”, “harmonic colouristics” and “texture”. Analysis of recent publications on the topic. The master’s work by A. Sotnikova (2010) raises questions on the formation of professional Brazilian music, the author focuses on the analysis of the piano composition of the composer. In her article V. Fedotova (2016) in the article examined the distinctive principles of the work of the Brazilian composer, in particular the specifics of his piano compositions. Results and Discussion. Music of the 20th century became a reflection of new artistic tasks that required adequate means of expression, and one of such means was sonoristics. It was this type of writing that E. Villa-Lobos addressed when writing the piano suite “Dolls” (1918). In the composer’s writing of E. Villa-Lobos there is sonoristics, harmonic colouristics, developed texture, due to which nationally coloured sound images are created. This confirms not only the stylistic, but also the comparative-interpretative analysis of the suite. Conclusions. The piano suite “Dolls” embodies the innovative interpretation of the instrument in the early 20th century. The theoretical ideas about the colouristics functions of the chord in its interconnections with the piano texture, timbre, and metro rhythm are systematized. A functional analysis of the piano pieces by Villa-Lobos from the early “Dolls” suite combined the new European style and writing techniques (such as colouring, sonoristics) with the national Brazilian melos reflecting the true spirit and worldview of Brazilians.
Impact on breeding birds of a semi-offshore island-based windmill park in Åland, Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Tanskanen Antti
Published: March 2021

Breeding bird populations were monitored at a windmill park on Båtskär in southern Åland archipelago 2006–2011. The area is in the outer archipelago and consists of four islands holding six windmills. The operation of windmills started during fall 2007. An environmental impact assessment for the area was done in 2002. The area holds 850–1050 pairs of breeding birds annually. Two species had significantly decreasing trends, namely herring gull Larus argentatus (annual decrease 6.9 pairs, p=0.003) and lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus fuscus (annual decrease 2.8 pairs, p=0.004). The reason for the decline of the herring gull population is unlikely to be related to the windmill park. However, the close proximity of a windmill to the breeding colony of lesser black-backed gull has most likely contributed to their decline. Some species like swallow Hirundo rustica, house martin Delichon urbicum and auks Alcidae have benefitted of the construction of the windmill park and utilize new small environments created by the construction.
Ungfågelspridning och höstflyttning hos svart rödstjärt Phoenicurus ochruros i södra Sverige
Authors: Andersson Reino
Published: March 2021

The number of ringed Black Redstarts at Ottenby, Falsterbo and Nidingen bird observatories showed two distinct peaks after the breeding season. During the first peak in July–August, with 63, 67 and 89 percent of the total catch, the proportions of yearlings were 92, 100 and 96 percent, respectively, and most of them had not yet begun their postjuvenile moult and showed relatively low weights. During the second peak in October–November, all yearlings had completed this moult and carried more fat. Black Redstarts have a delayed postjuvenile moult, a unique strategy among European thrushes. This allows for wide dispersal during late summer. Several ringed Belgian and German yearlings have moved up to 290 km northward during this time. This paper confirms, using ringing data and observations from a population study in western Sweden, that summer dispersal is well separated from autumn migration. I speculate that some of the birds of the July–August peak could have their origin in southern breeding populations, for example Denmark, where a major population increase has occurred in recent decades.
Censuses of autumn staging and wintering goose populations in Sweden 1977/1978–2011/2012
Authors: Nilsson Leif , Kampe-Persson Hakon
Published: March 2021

Field choice was recorded during counts of geese in South-west Scania, South Sweden in autumn (October and November) and in winter (January), 1977/1978–2011/2012. Sugar beet spill was the most important field type in autumn and during the last ten years also in winter. Bean Geese Anser fabalis used this food source when the study started while Canada Geese Branta canadensis, Greylag Geese Anser anser, White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons and Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis followed during the years 1987–2001. Potatoes were mainly used when fields with sugar beet spill were unavailable. Cereal stubbles were mainly used in autumn and to a quite low extent. Winter cereals were heavily used by most species in both autumn and winter during the first 15 years but less so thereafter. Grasslands were mainly used in winter, to a large extent by White-fronted Geese and to a quite high extent by Bean Geese and Barnacle Geese. The total use of oilseed rape was low, mainly by Canada Geese that utilised fields with no-till when the ground was snow-covered.
Alloy-Electrode-Assisted High-Performance Enhancement-Type Neodymium-Doped Indium-Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors on Polyimide Flexible Substrate
Authors: Lu Kuankuan , Yao Rihui , Xu Wei , Ning Honglong , Zhang Xu , Zhang Guanguang , Li Yilin , Zhong Jinyao , Yang Yuexin , Peng Junbiao
Published: March 2021

Flexible thin-film transistors with high current-driven capability are of great significance for the next-generation new display technology. The effect of a Cu-Cr-Zr (CCZ) copper alloy source/drain (S/D) electrode on flexible amorphous neodymium-doped indium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (NdIZO-TFTs) was investigated. Compared with pure copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) S/D electrodes, the CCZ S/D electrode changes the TFT working mode from depletion mode to enhancement mode, which is ascribed to the alloy-assisted interface layer besides work function matching. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profile analysis was conducted to examine the chemical states of the contact interface, and the result suggested that chromium (Cr) oxide and zirconium (Zr) oxide aggregate at the interface between the S/D electrode and the active layer, acting as a potential barrier against residual free electron carriers. The optimal NdIZO-TFT exhibited a desired performance with a saturation mobility (

μ

sat

) of 40.3 cm
2
·V
-1
·s
-1
, an

I

on

/

I

off

ratio of

1.24
×

10

8

, a subthreshold swing (SS) value of 0.12 V·decade
-1
, and a threshold voltage (

V

th

) of 0.83 V. This work is anticipated to provide a novel approach to the realization of high-performance flexible NdIZO-TFTs working in enhancement mode.
Folk Birth Rituals
Authors: M Vijayakumar
Published: March 2021

Folk People have been following plenty of rituals when they were beginning a new step for their life which is expected to be auspicious for them. In the early days, the rituals of birth may have flourished which based on the basic principles of Folk People and their life style. The people are following different rituals to lead their life from birth to death which were variable among people and society. There is no exact certainty for the birth of humanity on the earth. Nonetneless there is a hope that the rituals of birth would have developed when the humanity has flourished on this earth. The Birth’s rituals has exposing the culture. Civilization and lifestyle of Folk people and intermingled with them. Moreover the rituals or birth will help to know that the traditional way of a race. One’s generation and their principles of life. The mother has relationship with the baby when she is pregnant, nevertneless the rituals of birth has revealed the one’s racial sensibilling in the society. Thus Folk people have beeh doing earch thing in a good manner which help them for their future and they believe that the rituals are based on the life which has shaped their culture and civilization. Though the folk people have beeh giving important to birth rituals.
futuro de la política exterior estadounidense:
Authors: Listrani Blanco Tomás , Zaccato Carolina
Published: March 2021

En noviembre de 2016 Estados Unidos elige a su presidente número cuarenta y cinco. Con la nueva administración, se espera que la política exterior de Washington adquiera una nueva impronta. En este artículo, revisaremos el legado de la presidencia de Barack Obama, haciendo especial hincapié en su política externa. Luego, señalaremos qué rumbo tomaría en los asuntos internacionales un Estados Unidos gobernado por Hillary Clinton o por Donald Trump. Más aún, buscaremos analizar qué implicaciones tendría la elección de uno u otro candidato con respecto a las relaciones del hegemón hemisférico con América Latina.
A 50 años del Alegato Ruda.
Authors: Troncoso Marcelo , Rolandi Maria Lis
Published: March 2021

En el siguiente ensayo se propone analizar la situación de las Islas Malvinas, Georgias del Sur, Sándwich del Sur y los Espacios Marítimos Circundantes (en adelante “Cuestión Malvinas”), con el objetivo de realizar una reflexión acerca de los procesos de descolonización, a través de la Resolución 2065 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, expuesta por el Embajador argentino José Ruda, donde se fundamenta el legítimo derecho de la Argentina sobre las islas, basado en razones históricas, jurídicas y geográficas, conjuntamente se indaga sobre la importancia de las islas Malvinas en el espacio latinoamericano y organismos multilaterales.

La “Cuestión Malvinas” es para la Argentina una política de Estado, además a lo largo de estos años de legítimo reclamo ha recibido el apoyo de los países latinoamericanos, así como de la comunidad internacional en general y de importantes organismos internacionales que bregan por la resolución pacífica del diferendo.

En la presente investigación se analizará la “Cuestión Malvinas” desde la complejidad, basada en la intervinculación de un conjunto de disciplinas y temáticas, intentando realizar un abordaje integral donde se visualicen los ejes político, recursos naturales, aspectos geopolíticos, marco jurídico, económico e integración y apoyo regional.
Discursividades en disputa en la territorialidad universitaria:
Authors: Aminahuel Aime
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo se asienta en una investigación ya finalizada sobre las universidades argentinas en la década de 1970, específicamente, sobre el caso de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto durante la coyuntura 1973-1974. La particularidad de los estudios sobre las disputas gestadas en el escenario universitario durante la década del 70 es que en su mayoría, se centran en los acontecimientos que se produjeron en las grandes universidades. En ese sentido, se observa una ausencia en estudios que indaguen en profundidad sobre lo sucedido en las instituciones del interior del país. Es por ello que este trabajo se centra en los debates y discusiones que se gestaron en la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, a partir de la asunción del Licenciado Augusto Klappenbach, reconocido militante de la Juventud Peronista y nuevo rector de esa casa de estudios. Así, en las siguientes páginas se aborda la coyuntura a partir de un análisis socio-semiótico de los discursos del joven rector y de quienes interpelaron su proyecto de universidad en tanto contra destinatarios del discurso.
Institutos Confucio: Herramienta de poder blando y penetración cultural.
Authors: Alcalde María Celeste
Published: March 2021

Las reformas económicas introducidas en China a partir del liderazgo de Deng Xiaoping trajeron como consecuencia cambios sociales profundos así como el resurgimiento de los valores confucianos como fundamento de las prácticas sociales imperantes. La revalorización de estos principios y valores reverberó en la configuración de nuevas doctrinas por parte del Partido Comunista Chino. De esta manera, la política interna y externa china en el Siglo XXI se verá atravesada por un conjunto de conceptos de raíz confuciana, pero reinterpretados para su adaptación a los tiempos modernos. Es así que el ámbito externo de la política china se verá representado por conceptos tales como ascenso pacífico o mundo armonioso que servirán de base para la consolidación de su poder blando, afianzando así la posición china en el sistema internacional. Una de las consecuencias más visibles de este nuevo poder blando constituye el programa incentivado por la dirigencia china para establecer Institutos Confucio con el objetivo de difundir la cultura e idioma chinos. Sin embargo, la instalación de estos centros en Argentina – en un complejo escenario en el que la educación pública debe adaptarse a nuevos y constantes desafíos – pone en jaque los objetivos nacidos de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar a los Institutos Confucio como una herramienta de poder blando chino y el efecto de su instalación en las universidades argentinas.
Espacio urbano y sociedad:
Authors: Zamboni Virginia
Published: March 2021

El artículo discute la espacialidad y las configuraciones urbanas en la contemporaneidad. Se analiza no sólo la configuración física de las ciudades sino las prácticas sociales y los comportamientos que las atraviesan, partiéndose de la concepción del espacio como construcción social dada por el intercambio simbólico y recíproco entre los sujetos y por su convergencia con la materialidad. La hipótesis que se trabaja sostiene que las transformaciones en los espacios urbanos son concomitantes a las mutaciones que transita el capitalismo y al tipo de sociedad que se comienza a configurar. En vistas a esta cuestión se oponen dos “modelos-tipos” de configuración del espacio urbano tomando como marco las concepciones de régimen disciplinar y sociedad de control ofrecidas por Michel Foucault y Guilles Deleuze.
Claves para leer al regionalismo sudamericano:
Authors: Riggirozzi Pia , Tussie Diana
Published: March 2021

La discusión sobre qué define y cómo se manifiesta el regionalismo dista de ser un debate acabado. Hay una tendencia a trivializar el formato o rol que cumple, particularmente en los espacios regionales flexibles sin compromisos supranacionales, donde las circunstancias y consideraciones nacionales pueden prevalecer y antagonizar.

La trama de este artículo se concentra en Sudamérica justamente porque la forma en que se desarrolló la cooperación regional presenta una paradoja: el regionalismo en América del Sur no se ha concebido como una restricción a la autonomía nacional (Deciancio, 2016), sino como un conjunto de instituciones que potencian en vez de limitar decisiones nacionales. Como hemos expresado en otras partes de nuestros escritos, el regionalismo sudamericano sigue siendo una modalidad de gobernanza intergubernamental que, sin supranacionalidad busca reforzar (algunos aspectos de) espacios de política (Riggirozzi y Tussie 2012).

El presente artículo explora estos dilemas y estructura el análisis subsiguiente para explicar la trayectoria de la gobernanza regional en sus propios términos sin medirla contra un modelo o tipo ideal. En la primera sección exploramos la concepción clásica de las regiones como esferas de influencia o correas de transmisión de conductores globales, para luego concentrarnos en cómo esta concepción ha encontrado nuevas oportunidades y espacios de contestación que se manifestaron en nuevas relaciones de ordenamiento entre el estado, el mercado y la formación regional. Concluimos nuestro análisis con una reflexión en torno al valor de pensar el regionalismo para Sudamérica en clave post-hegemónica.
Flexibilidad en un mundo incierto:
Authors: Corigliano Francisco
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es el de brindar un breve balance de la política exterior del gobierno de Macri en sus primeros dos años de mandato, haciendo hincapié en tres elementos de la misma: 1) sus creencias filosóficas e instrumentales; 2) sus espacios geográficos y vértices de vinculación -geometría-; y 3) la identificación de los lineamientos básicos de dicha política exterior.
Voegelin y Kelsen sobre la representación política
Authors: Vendramin Bruno
Published: March 2021

En la década del 50 y en pleno contexto de la posguerra, Eric Voegelin y Hans Kelsen mantuvieron un intenso debate sobre la ciencia política y, en particular, sobre el concepto de representación. A raíz de la publicación de La nueva ciencia de la política de Voegelin en 1952, Kelsen escribió un largo y exhaustivo artículo sobre el libro que permaneció inédito por varias décadas, y que, en castellano, se publicó hace algunos años bajo el título ¿Una nueva ciencia de la política? Réplica a Eric Voegelin. Con concepciones disímiles acerca de la representación, Voegelin cree en un tipo de representación que denomina existencial y que va más allá de las instituciones democráticas y del Parlamento, mientras Kelsen rechaza esta tesis, sosteniendo que es el Parlamento el mejor lugar para la representación política.
Donald Trump y el Sentido Oriental de la Historia:
Authors: Maillier Felipe
Published: March 2021

La emergencia de nuevos polos de poder mundial implica la resistencia natural de EE.UU. al ver sus intereses amenazados por modificaciones en el statu quo internacional. En un contexto donde China se predispone a desempeñar un rol más activo dentro del sistema internacional, Donald Trump llegó a la presidencia con lemas como “MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN” (que América vuelva a ser grande) y “AMERICA FIRST” (América primero) que, en parte, incluyen redefinir la relación bilateral con determinados actores internacionales, entre los cuales está el gigante asiático.
El TPP-11:
Authors: Zaccato Carolina
Published: March 2021

El Tratado Integral y Progresista de Asociación Transpacífico (CPTPP), coloquialmente conocido como “TPP-11”, firmado el 8 de marzo de 2018, retoma el proyecto iniciado con el Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica (TPP), luego de la salida de Estados Unidos.

Esta iniciativa ciertamente inicia un nuevo capítulo en las relaciones comerciales internacionales, dado que no sólo supone una modificación de las matrices de relacionamientos externos de los países implicados, sino que también conlleva la creación y armonización de un importante conjunto de normativas, reglas y estándares relativos a comercio, inversiones, reglas de origen, innovación tecnológica, el cuidado del medio ambiente, protección laboral, y equidad de género, entre otras áreas.

Frente a este escenario, es pertinente reflexionar acerca de cuán preparado está el regionalismo sudamericano para responder a cambios sistémicos como los generados por mega acuerdos comerciales como el TPP-11. En particular, el renovado proyecto del TPP se plantea como un potencial desafío a la capacidad de acción colectiva de los países de la UNASUR para mantener a Sudamérica ensamblada y evitar una escisión del subcontinente en dos bloques divergentes: la Alianza del Pacífico y el MERCOSUR.
Technological development of the food service MSMEs of Matamoros from a systemic perspective
Authors: Ocegueda-Mercado Corina Guillermina , Contreras-Ocegueda Erandi Lizzete , García-Treviño Irma Leticia , Delgado-Cazares Elsa
Published: March 2021

The present investigation shows the results of a study focused on the technological potential of the MiPyMes of food service in the municipality of Matamoros. The research is carried out with a quantitative approach, through a transversal design- Descriptive. A questionnaire prepared by the Latin American Administration and Business Network (Aguilar Rascón, Oscar, Posada Velázquez, Rafael, and Peña Ahumada, Nuria Beatriz: 2018) was used as an instrument, applied to 60 business owners of food services. According to the results, a use of the technologies is concluded more in personal than in commercial purposes. Currently, companies are forced to choose to seek and optimize their processes to be more efficient in the production of their products or services, as well as managing finances and improving customer relations. In order to be able to improve both the operation and reduce costs, innovation or support with technology is necessary. Of the systemic analysis in inputs (Human Resources) more weakness, in Processes in the handling of cash and not to get indebted with the institutions are the vulnerable points. In results there is little importance of the environment and CSR.
Los conocimientos detrás del oficio tradicional: conceptos y dimensiones para su análisis
Authors: Ayala-Ramirez Suhey , Castillo-Giron Víctor Manuel
Published: March 2021

Traditional trades are a means of producing material goods. They have distinguishing characteristics that differentiate them from other forms of production. Their study is relevant since they conceptualize the sociocultural structures created at a given moment in history, and speak to the social relations forged during production. Similarly, they account for the social transformations that emerge as a consequence of changes experienced by these means of production (Martínez, 2009). The current study is being approached from an educational perspective. Its objective is to carry out a conceptual analysis of traditional trades, with an emphasis on the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge and the role of education in their rupture, continuity, transformation and/or consolidation. The research methodology is derived from a thematic analysis of scholarly literature that allowed for the conceptual framing of traditional trades. Notwithstanding, there is a limited supply of specialized literature available on this topic, and this study aims to contribute elements for future imperial analysis. Furthermore, the findings will result in a greater understanding of the socio-educational wealth of knowledge contained in these means of production that have been devalued by the formal educational system.
Study of the context variables for the design of a sustainable economic model in gas service stations in Villahermosa, Tabasco
Authors: Ángeles-Guzmán Casandra , Menéses Hernández José Luis , Javier-Geronimo Zinath , Arias-Rodríguez Nancy Estela
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To study the context variables, for the design of a sustainable economic model such as improvement to companies with service stations in Villahermosa, Tabasco. Methodology: Describe the most appropriate strategies to reach the target group: people who have vehicles for family use, shall apply where a survey to a sample of the population seeking to identify characteristics as habits of consumption, frequency of use, additional services and budget to invest. Contribution: The design of a sustainable economic model.
Religions As a “Life Fact”
Authors: Zein Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: March 2021

This study addresses the teaching of religion at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The program was influenced by the thought and curricula developed along Faruqian lines. It is a program that delves into Faruqi’s view of metareligion rooted in an ethical paradigm giving it universal perspective and approach toward the study of comparative religion. Actually, the establishment of IIUM and the religion study curriculum implemented at IIUM is a development of Faruqi’s earlier vision regarding the teaching of Islam as a civilization and worldview, which he had envisioned and hoped to apply to the academic program at the Central Institute of Islamic Research, Karachi, Pakistan during his professorship there in 1960s, but which was not realized.
Foundations of Islamic Antidrug Abuse Education
Authors: Idid Syed Zahir , Hashi Abdurezak A.
Published: March 2021

Among the basic objectives of the Islamic Shari‘ah is to protect the human life and human intellect ‒ as such, the consumption of mind-altering and intoxicative substances is prohibited in Islam. Furthermore, Islam imposes criminal penalties on those who consume intoxicative substances such as wine. Muslim jurists (fuqahā) have provided descriptive accounts on the foundations of the Islamic antidrug abuse teachings, categories of mind-altering substances, and preventive laws. They also identified three categories of mind-altering substances: al-muskirāt, al-mukhaddirāt, and al-muftiraāt. This paper aims to explore the rationale and jurisprudential foundations of Islamic antidrug abuse education. While highlighting the philosophical background of the Islamic antidrug teachings, the paper presents the jurisprudential foundations of the legal penalties for drug abusers. The Qur’ānic terms and the Prophetic statements related to the subject will be referred to, while the opinions of Muslim jurists and theologians on the subject will be unveiled.
The Souls of Muslim Folk
Authors: El-Affendi Abdelwahab
Published: March 2021

The current debate on the vices of multiculturalism and the merits of integration, of problematizing cultural difference, appears to miss important lessons from recent history in the treatment of minorities. In this paper, I start by questioning the celebration of Barack Obama’s election as a “breakthrough” for multicultural inclusiveness. I argue that the “Obama phenomenon” highlights the limits of democratic inclusiveness and sheds light on the traumatic experience of African Americans, who have been victimized precisely for seeking to assimilate. European Jews, especially in Germany, could not be accused of any reluctance to integrate either, and their contributions to European culture are legendary. But they also suffered grievously for their pains. Thus when the same xenophobic political trends traditionally hostile to the integration of minorities begin to vociferously demand that Muslims should integrate, this must be seen as a warning that we may be heading toward a very dark phase of race relations in the West.
Discovering Doris Lessing
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: March 2021

The 2007 Nobel literature laureate Doris Lessing (1919-2013) is one of the twentieth century’s most prolific and versatile British writers. Her literary career is marked by the robustness and diversity of her ideas. The plurality of voices in her work makes room for discovering a very different Lessing from how she is usually construed and for discussing some of her views in a new and somewhat unusual light. In this study, I intend to look at her thoughts on education, literature, racism, and women’s rights and locate possible commonalities between them and certain facets of Islamic thought. As she is considered a humanist, a secular writer of great stature, the “grande dame” of British writing of her time, and handlesexplicit sexual relationships, a sense of remoteness and incomprehension is perhaps palpable in any attempt to discover an “Islamic Doris Lessing.” However, given that she is known for her courage and outspokenness, as well as for making unconventional moves and iconoclastic statements sometimes at the expense of her literary reputation, it will be interesting to see her ideas from an Islamic perspective.
Improving Adult Literacy in Niger Through Mobile Calls to Teachers
Authors: Benson Vivienne , Aker Jenny C.
Published: March 2021

In Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, 85 per cent of adults are unable to read or write, even in local languages. Adult education programmes can be a route to improving adult literacy rates, but non-governmental organisation (NGO) and government schemes are characterised with low enrolment, high dropout, and poor teacher attendance. In partnership with the Ministry of Education, Catholic Relief Services, the Sahel Group, and Tufts University, regular phone calls and motivational support were given to teachers to encourage and monitor attendance of adult education programmes between 2018 and 2019. The impact of this project directly led to improved reading and maths scores. Based on this evidence, the approach has been tested by the Ministry of Education in primary schools.
Recipes for Impact: Feed, Thinking, Nourish, Change
Authors: Benson Vivienne
Published: March 2021

This booklet profiles a selection of research funded by the ESRC-FCDO Strategic Partnership and the impact they have achieved. While these stories only show a snapshot of the research, they all highlight the multiple, unique and sometimes surprising paths to achieving impact.
Farra nas Férias na FEF/UNICAMP
Authors: Sestari Isabela Virgínia , Ribeiro Olívia Cristina Ferreira
Published: March 2021

No presente relato de experiência analisamos o programa Farra nas Férias (FF) na Faculdade de Educação Física, colônia de férias temática da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Descrevemos e discutimos o processo de planejamento (as atividades do ‘antes’), a execução (o monitoramento) e a avaliação (o ‘depois’) da edição do FF de 2020. Concluímos que o programa cumpriu seus objetivos de ser uma proposta lúdica, educativa e segura para os participantes. Demonstramos, ainda, que a edição do FF 2020 foi realizada de forma equilibrada, com eficácia em suas diversas etapas. As escolhas dos temas, das atividades, dos passeios e oficinas agradaram ao público, apesar de alguns contratempos com os financiadores do programa.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK MODEL HUJAN-ALIRAN METODE GIUH
Authors: Jayadi Rachmad , Aminullah Akhmad , Triyoso Christopher
Published: March 2021

Untuk mengatasi kesulitan dalam perkiraan hidrograf banjir pada DAS tak terukur di DTA Waduk Wonogiri, dilakukan penelitian awal penggunaan hidrograf satuan metode GIUH. Evaluasi ketelitian metode ini menggunakan acuan hidrograf satuan terukur pada empat DAS yang dihitung menggunakan metode Collins, dengan mencermati debit puncak, waktu puncak, dan waktu dasar. Hasil penurunan hidrograf satuan GIUH digunakan untuk hitungan hidrograf banjir menggunakan program aplikasi model hujan-aliran yang dibuat menggunakan compiler Visual Studio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program aplikasi dapat digunakan untuk hitungan hidrograf banjir secara cepat dengan memanfaatkan sistem telemetri data hidrologi real time dan online. Debit puncak hidrograf banjir metode GIUH cenderung underestimated, yaitu antara -9,3% sampai dengan -54,9%. Untuk waktu puncak dan waktu dasar tidak ditemukan pola perbedaan yang spesifik, yaitu antara 11,1% sampai dengan +66,7% dan -6,7% sampai dengan +46,15%. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan dengan mengkaji lebih detil faktor orde sungai tertinggi dan rumus empirik dynamic parameter velocity agar diperoleh hidrograf satuan yang lebih akurat.
Política ambiental del gobierno de México. Una aproximación desde el pensamiento complejo
Authors: Cárdenas-Cabello Fernando
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este trabajo ha sido hacer una revisión global de la política en materia ambiental del gobierno federal de México, desde el inicio de la implementación decidida de esta hacia el final del siglo XX (1988), hasta finales de la segunda década del siglo XXI (2018); para ello se efectuó una revisión de los trabajos de los especialistas en el tema en cada sexenio, la perspectiva teórica desde la que se analizó el objeto es la teoría de la complejidad que pretende observar un objeto desde diversas disciplinas científicas. Se concluye que el ímpetu (emisión de leyes, creación de organismos, asignación de recursos) con el que comenzó la iniciativa gubernamental en México en materia ambiental en la última década del siglo pasado, ha disminuido en las posteriores administraciones; y que si se toma como referencia el porcentaje de presupuesto anual total del gobierno mexicano, destinado al ministerio ambiental (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales), la importancia del ambiente para las más recientes administraciones federales, ha disminuido con respecto de las anteriores, pues el presupuesto destinado a esta secretaría se ha reducido en términos porcentuales.
"Poplars and Cypresses” – that is the phenomenon of popularity of Populus Italica in the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th century
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna
Published: March 2021

Lombardy poplar is a tree with a distinctive cypress shape, which grows very fast and has little soil requirements. The species probably originated at the turn of the 17th and 18th century in Lombardy, where it spread via France and Germany, arriving at the territory of the Crown in the second half of the 18th century. However, it was only in the 19th century that its popularity reached its peak. The Lombardy poplar was being planted as a popular avenue plant. It was also an important part of the park complexes designed in a sentimental landscape style inspired by the work of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The article analyses the phenomenon of the popularity of poplar trees on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland in the context of the then literary and philosophical programme of the garden, whose two key sources are to be found in Arcadian literature – J. Milton's Paradise Lost, J. J. Rousseau's works such as New Heloise or Jacques Dellille's Gardens.
Projektowanie partycypacyjne obiektów służby zdrowia z wykorzystaniem wirtualnej rzeczywistości
Authors: Springer Piotr
Published: March 2021

Artykuł jest próbą zbadania możliwości wykorzystania technologii „Wirtualnej Rzeczywistości” w ramach projektowania partycypacyjnego obiektów architektonicznych realizujących zadania służby zdrowia. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukonstytuowanie współczesnych narzędzi partycypacyjnych w procesie projektowania zintegrowanego szpitali. W ramach pracy badawczej dokonano krytycznego studium literaturowego oraz analizy istniejących obiektów medycznych, pod kątem wpływu specyfiki funkcji obiektu, na proces jego programowania i projektowania.
Enhanced electroluminescence from Ge-on-Si by precise in-situ doping and post-annealing
Authors: Yamada Kodai , Wagatsuma Youya , Okada Kazuya , Hoshi Yusuke , Sawano Kentarou
Published: March 2021

We obtain strong room-temperature electroluminescence (EL) from a Ge epitaxially grown on a Si. The epitaxial Ge is in situ doped with Boron and Phosphorous by low-temperature growth, allowing for precisely controlled p-i-n structures. Also Phosphorus delta-doping is performed at the surface, resulting in low-resistivity Ohmic contacts. Vertical-type mesa-defined diodes are fabricated and an excellent rectifying property with an on/off ratio over 105 is obtained, leading to the strong EL. It is remarkable that the post-growth-annealing drastically enhances the EL intensity, indicating that the Ge-on-Si is a promising high-efficiency light source on the Si platform.
Demystifying the role of channel region in two-dimensional transistors
Authors: Nipane Ankur , Teherani James T. , Ueda Akiko
Published: March 2021

Back-gated field-effect transistor (BGFET) structures are the most prominently used device platform to study the electrical properties of two-dimensional materials. These devices are widely modeled as Schottky barrier (SB)-MOSFETs assuming that the current flow is limited by the source-contact in the OFF state, while the channel limits the current in the ON state. Here, using an analytical model and drift-diffusion simulations, we show that the channel limits the overall current in the OFF state and vice versa, in contrast to past studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this renewed understanding helps to clarify the general underestimation of extracted SB height in experimental long-channel BGFETs.
Results of cholera monitoring in administrative territories of Russia from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Noskov A. K. , Kruglikov V. D. , Lopatin A. A. , Chemisova O. S. , Levchenko D. A. , Ivanova S. M. , Monakhova E. V. , Arkhangelskaya I. V. , Vodopyanov A. S. , Gayevskaya N. E. , Podoynitsyna O. A. , Yezhova M. I.
Published: March 2021

Purpose. A dynamic comparative analysis of the results of identification of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholera) isolates from water and human specimens isolated during the monitoring of cholera throughout the Russian Federation in 2013–2019.Materials and methods. Total 385 strains of V. cholerae O1 serogroup (including one toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba — Rostov region, 2014) and the R-variant from environment objects were identified in the territory of 21 regions of the Russian Federation.Results. It was found that 91% of the strains were isolated in 7 regions of the Russian Federation: Republic of Kalmykia, Krasnodar Krai, Transbaikal Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Rostov region and Irkutsk region. 2.3% of strains were atypical in their agglutinability, and 75.3% of strains had atypical phagosensitivity. Phagotypes were identified for 13.2% of strains isolated in 11 administrative territories. Phageotype 11 included 48.8% of the strains isolated mainly in the Transbaikal Krai. Non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae nonО1/nonO139 (n = 46) were isolated from 43 patients with acute intestinal infections and otitis in 8 regions of Russia. PCRtyping of 377 non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains demonstrated that they belong to 13 clusters and 71 genotypes. Strains with unique genotypes (probable cases of importation) and with the same genotypes repeatedly isolated in different years in one or several territories of the Russian Federation were identified, indicating the prevalence of strains in environment throughout the country.Conclusion. The results allowed us to characterize the epidemiological situation of cholera in Russia (in terms of the environment contamination with V. cholerae O1) as unstable, but not significantly changed over the past 7-year period. These data are important for substantiating the forecast for further development of the epidemiological situation.
Selective Removal of Toxic Ions from Water/Wastewater: Using a Novel Surfactant
Authors: Ziaee Mohammad , Taseidifar Mojtaba , Pashley Richard M. , Ninham Barry W.
Published: March 2021

Pollution of drinking water by toxic heavy-metal ions is a matter of concern worldwide. These ions occur naturally, and also from environmental spills, radioactive wastes and other industrial waste. Arsenic and lead are typical examples. A novel green surfactant, purpose designed, and environmentally friendly is shown to be extremely effective and specific for heavy metal ion removal.
This is a considerable step forward on previous technologies. Surfactants have been used universally to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water. But little selectivity has been achieved. After usage, the residual surfactants are discharged into surface waters or sewage systems.  This causes environmental pollution.
In this review, three surfactants from different classes (novel green surfactant, synthetic chemical surfactant and biosurfactant) are compared in terms of their efficiency in flotation, removal of different heavy-metal ions, biodegradability, and toxicity level, including their advantages and disadvantages.
A Study of the Bubble Column Evaporator Method for Improved Ammonium Bicarbonate Decomposition in Aqueous Solutions: Desalination and Other Techniques
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Taseidifar Mojtaba , Pashley Richard M.
Published: March 2021

A bubble column was used to study the improved thermal decomposition of NH4HCO3 in aqueous solution using a continuous flow of hot gas bubbles of optimum sizes (1-3 mm) produced via controlled bubble coalescence to maintain bubble size. The rapid transfer of heat from small, hot (dry) gas bubbles to the surrounding water, i.e. into a transient hot surface layer, was used as an effective and energy efficient method of decomposing ammonium bicarbonate in aqueous solution. It is shown that the continuous flow of (dry) hot gases, even at 275°C, only heat the aqueous solution in the bubble column to about 57°C, at which it was also established that NH4HCO3 has a negligible decomposition rate even with long-term exposure to this solution temperature. Hence, the effects observed appeared to be caused entirely by the effective collisions between the hot gas bubbles and the solute. It was also established that the use of high gas inlet temperatures can reduce the thermal energy requirement to only about 50% (i.e. about 575 kJ/L) of that reported in previous studies and less than 25% of solution boiling.
Analysis of Soil Nutrients based on Potential Productivity Tests with Balanced Minerals for Maize-Chickpea Crop
Authors: Deva Koresh H. James
Published: March 2021

Generally, a soil nutrients test has been performed for determining the productivity measures of any plant. It includes many challenges of environmental impacts and climate adaptation. To maintain the crop nutrients quality without affecting previous performance from the soil, it is required to minimize the challenges in the soil health sector can be increased economic returns from crop productivity. This article represents the review on improving productivity for soil nutrition. Soil nutrition was tested and assessed using the existing method, and deficiencies in the soil were identified that could be improved using some standardized methods. This productivity function of soil supply is measured by a various spatial scale which is a part of this research. The objective aims to achieve high productivity in the context of soil and also to realize environmental impact for soil functionality, productivity function, and resources information. The classification of soils corresponding multitude of approaches developed globally for potential soil productivity. The main focus is to determine strategies for the effects of a balanced nutrition system of maize-chickpea. The treatment and control can be developed and tested every year on crop yield. Besides, this research presents a future enhancement of improved productivity tests for a balanced soil nutrition system for better crop yield. The soil classification will be categorized with a knowledge base algorithm for further accuracy for the system.
Exploring the Role of Union Digital Center to Managing Information Services in Rural Development of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahfuzur , Islam Mohammad Shariful , Ali Mohammad
Published: March 2021

The information services are multidimensional and socially acts as the building block of communication among diverse groups in rural society. Rural development mostly relies on the effective use of information services in the day-to-day activities of rural people and rural administrations. In rural areas of Bangladesh, Union Digital Centre comprised of every prospect of delivering the advantages of new communication technologies towards the agricultural community who lagged behind the access to technology in their workplace, household social living, or at the institution. Prior studies revealed that the rural people of Bangladesh mostly suffer because of low productivity; the deterioration of social and economic conditions originated from the unavailability of adequate information. This article attempted to explore an overview of the roles of Union Digital Centre among various socio-politico-economic components in developing rural areas of Bangladesh. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through a structured questionnaire and a total of 100 respondents were selected from three old rural regions of Bangladesh. Besides, case study, focus group discussion, informal interviews, and content analyses were made. At the end, this paper discusses some findings on the importance of free access to technology for rural society, challenges, and recommendations that may guide policymakers and stakeholders.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL ABO BLOOD TYPE ON BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Dr.Himanshu S Dave  , Dr.Tanushree Joshi  , Dr.Kathakali Das  , Dr.Dimple Pal
Published: March 2021

Background: ABO blood group has been recognized as a risk factor for distinct disease states. The association between ABO blood group and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been extensively studied, especially in relation to birth weight. The aim of the present study is to determine whether ABO blood group contributes to the adverse pregnancy outcomes like low birth weight.
Methods: Medical data including ABO phenotypes were collected from hospital database and retrospectively reviewed. Adverse pregnancy outcome studied was low birth weight. Birth week was also noted for each subject.
Results: 500 charts of mothers who had given birth in our hospital were studied. Overall 146 (29.2%) women had type O blood, 108 (21.6%) had type A blood, 194 (38.8%) had type B blood and 52 (10.4%) had type AB blood. Pregnant women with type B blood group had significantly lower birth weights compared with type O, A and AB. Birth weeks of all groups were found to be similar with no statistically significant difference
Conclusions: Maternal ABO phenotype is associated with low birth weight, while no association was found between blood type and birth week. We postulate that maternal/fetal immune system genes which are directly associated with ABO blood groups could affect pregnant with a resulting birth weight alterations.
KEYWORDS: ABO blood type, Birth weight, Pregnancy.
LEGAL BACKGROUND OF EUROPEAN UNION COMPETITION LAW
Authors:   Baku State University, Elbrus Muradsoy Shukufa
Published: March 2021

Key words: competition law, objectives, undertakings, directive, provision, prohibitions, abuse
IMPORTANCE OF COST CONTROL IN TENDER CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors:   Baku State University Department of International Private law and European law, Vugar Taghizade Shukriyye
Published: March 2021

Keywords: government procurement, vendor, shareholders, tender offer, take over bid, proportionality formation, legal penalities, public contracts, construction project, legal basis, future perspectives
GÜRCÜSTANDA ETNİK MÜNAQİŞƏLƏR
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm ve Menecment Universiteti, Əflatun qızı Xəlilzadə Seyranə
Published: March 2021

Key words: Georgia, Abkhazia, Adjara, South Ossetia, South Caucasus, autonomy, ethnic conflicts
AZƏRBAYCAN VƏ MULTİKULTURALİZM
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm ve Menecment Universiteti, Zülfiqar oğlu İsgəndərli Samir
Published: March 2021

Key words: International relations, Globalization, National-cultural identity
XX ƏSR AZƏRBAYCAN BƏDİİ METAL SƏNƏTİNİN İNKİŞAFI
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Rəssamlıq Akademiyası, Həbib qızı Abbaslı Səbinə
Published: March 2021

Key words: art metal, technique, traditional, blacksmith, coppering, jewellery art
PRECONDITIONS FOR UNFAIR COMPETITION AND THE PROBLEM OF ITS STATE REGULATION
Authors:   Baku State University, Mazahir Cahangirli Gulara
Published: March 2021

Key words: state regulation, laws, preconditions of unfair competition, quality management
COMPARISON OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN WITH THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Authors:   Baku, Azerbaijan, Adalat Mammadov Gumrah
Published: March 2021

Key words: Court, criminal, judge, subject of crime, responsibility