bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Proliferation during the Process of Bleomycin‐induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Kawamoto Masashi , Fukuda Yuh
Published: December 2008

To elucidate the relationship between cell proliferation and structural remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis, light and electron microscopy with immunohistochemistry for bromo‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and morphometry for BrdU positive cells were performed following a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats. The results showed that terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells, Type II alveolar epithelial cells and interstitial cells began to proliferate 2 days after the injury. Then each cell type showed a different style of proliferation. Interstitial cells which were located in the interstitium and migrated into intraalveolar spaces proliferated, then produced intra‐alveolar fibrosis. Terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells proliferated rapidly and formed alveolar bronchiolization with squamous metaplasia in areas where alveoli were severely damaged and intraalveolar fibrosis was formed, and thereafter the proliferation ceased within 2 weeks. The degree of proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells and interstitial cells was rather slight, but continued constantly untill the later stage. In addition, intraalveolar macrophages were BrdU positive from an early stage. Endothelial cell proliferation was observed in small vessels and alveolar capillaries at 1 week after bleomycin instillation. Rapidly proliferating bronchiolar epithelial cells which formed alveolar bronchiolization with squamous metaplasia were important in preventing the progress of intraalveolar fibrosis, because the proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells was limited.
Rectal Carcinoid Tumor Metastasizing to the Thyroid and Pancreas: An Autopsy Case Exploiting Immunohistochemistry for Differentiation from Tumors Involving Multiple Endocrine Organs
Authors: Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Kakudo Kennichi , Satoh Shinkichi , Tada Nobuhiko , Osamura Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

A 58‐year‐old male patient with rectal carcinoid tumor is presented. The tumor extensively involved the lymph nodes and liver, and multiple tumors were also recognized in the pancreas and thyroid. Grossly, it was uncertain whether the latter were metastases from the rectal carcinoid or all were coincident primary tumors involving multiple endocrine organs, so‐called multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome. Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic examinations of the tumors in both the pancreas and thyroid showed similar features to those of the rectal carcinoid. The neoplastic cells in all involved organs commonly expressed positive immunoreactivity for somatostatin, but negativity for carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, thyroglobulin, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. These immunohistochemicai results confirmed that the tumors observed in multiple endocrine organs were indeed metastatic from the rectal carcinoid, rather than being a new combination of MEN syndrome. Some neuroendocrine tumors may develop widespread metastasis, sometimes creating problems with differentiation from multiple primary endocrine tumors. lmmunohistochemistry may be of great help in setting this issue.
Muscle Fiber Orientation in the Development and Regression of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Pigs
Authors: Tezuka Fumiaki , Hart Waldemar , Lange Peter E. , Nürnberg Jan H.
Published: December 2008

The development and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy was investigated in 12 pigs with special reference to changes in ventricular function and myocardial fiber orientation. Nine ventricles were pressure ‐loaded by banding the pulmonary artery for 28–81 days, and four of them were then released from the load by removing the band. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), end‐diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and end systolic volume index (ESVI) increased significantly during banding and decreased after debanding. End diastolic volume index (EDVI) and stroke volume index (SVI) showed no significant change during banding and after debanding. The weight of the right ventricle relative to both ventricles (RV/TV) and the thickness of muscle fibers were increased significantly in the loaded ventricles, and reduced again to the control level in ventricles released from the load. The intramyocardial distribution of angles (θ) of inclination of muscle fibers from the transverse plane of the outflow tract was estimated histometrically. There was a significantly larger proportion of circularly oriented fibers (|θ|≦30) in the pressure loaded ventricles than in the control, whereas these fibers decreased again to the control level after removal of the pressure load. The present findings indicates that 1) the right ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure loading is characterized not only by an increase in ventricular weight and muscle fiber thickness, but also by a change in intramyocardial fiber orientation, and 2) the hypertrophic right ventricle can regress both functionally and morphologically to a normal state after removal of the pressure load.
Gauchev's Disease Type I: Report of a Case with Prominent Deposition of Ceroid in Splenic Endothelial Cells and Intestinal Smooth Muscle Fibers
Authors: Yamadori Lchiro , Morikawa Tomoko , Kobayashi Shoji , Ohmori Masaki
Published: December 2008

A case of type I Gaucher's disease in a 39 year old male is reported. Autopsy showed marked enlargement of the spleen (3,070g) and infiltration of typical Gaucher's cells in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes and adrenal glands. The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was ascertained by the very low β‐glucosidase activity of cultured subcutaneous fibroblasts and the high content of glucocerebroside in the spleen tissue. A peculiar finding in this case was prominent deposition of brown pigment in endothelial cells of the spleen and smooth muscle fibers of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder and prostate. Histochemical examination revealed that the granules in endothelial cells and smooth muscle fibers were ceroid. Such deposition of ceroid has never been reported previously in Gaucher's disease. Ceroid deposition in generalized smooth muscle fibers is known as brown bowel syndrome, and is highly suggestive of severe vitamin E deficiency. Although other symptoms of vitamin E deficiency were not noticed in this case, some malnutritional condition might play a role in prominent deposition of ceroid in lysosomes, possibly together with deficient activity of a Jysosomal enzyme.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus with Cartilaginous Metaplasia at Metastatic Lesions
Authors: Terada Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Reiko , Ishiguro Shingo , Hata Kenji , Sawada Masumi , Hiramatsu Yoshifumi , Hioki Koshiro , Kitamura Yukihiko
Published: December 2008

Subdermal metastatic nodules in a 62 year old male patient with esophageal carcinoma contained both car‐cinomatous and chondroid areas. The carcinomatous areas showed the histology of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and light microscopically an apparent transition could be traced from carcinomatous cells to chondroid cells. In the chondroid cells, the characteristics of chondrocytes were demonstrated by light microscopic, electron microscopic, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies, although nuclear atypism was evident, suggesting their malignancy. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies showed that some chondroid cells contained both keratin proteins and squamous cell carcinoma antigen, which were also found in the carcinomatous cells. These findings together with the light microscopic observations suggest that chondroid cells are derived from squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Gastric and Intestinal Phenotypic Expression of Human Stomach Cancers as Revealed by Pepsinogen lmmunohistochemistry and Mucin Histochemistry
Authors: Tatematsu Masae , Ichinose Masao , Miki Kazumasa , Hasegawa Ryohei , Kato Toshio , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression in 223 surgically obtained primary gastric cancers and their histogenetic relationship to intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding gastric mucosa were studied by mucin histochemistry and pepsinogen (Pg) immunohistochemistry. Histochemical differentiation of mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, the galactose oxidase‐Schiff sequence and sialidase galactose oxidase Schiff) and immunohisto chemical staining of Pgs I and II, allowed differentiation of gastric cancer cells from different histological categories into gastric elements including mucous neck cells, pyloric gland cells and surface mucous cells or intestinal elements including goblet cell and intestinal absorptive cell types. Of 122 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas, 33 (27.1%) consisted mainly of gastric type cells and 42 (34.4%) predominantly of intestinal type cells. The remainder (38.5%) consisted of mixtures of gastric‐ and intestinal‐type cells. Of 101 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas and mucinous adenocarcinomas, 59 (58.4%) consisted mainly of gastric‐type cells and 20 (19.8%) mainly of intestinal‐type cells. Seven out of 35 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas consisting mainly of gastric type cancer cells were surrounded by mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Conversely, 10 out of 40 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas consisting mainly of intestinal‐type cancer cells were observed in non metaplastic gastric mucosa. Thus no relationship as regards intestinal phenotypic expression was found between gastric cancers and surrounding gastric mucosa.
Influence of Timing of Administration of Liposome‐encapsulated Superoxide Dismutase on Its Prevention of Acetaminophen‐induced Liver Cell Necrosis in Rats
Authors: Nakae Dai , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Maruyama Hiroshi , Kinugasa Tetsuo , Takashima Yoshinori , Denda Ayumi , Konishi Yoichi
Published: December 2008

The possible participation of acute oxidative stress in theinvlvo mechanism by which acetaminophen (APAP) induces hepatocellular injury was examined. Male Sprague‐Daw‐ley rats were administered 3‐methylcholanthrene, fasted for 18 h, then given APAP and sacrificed after a further 6 h of fasting. Extensive centrilobular liver cell necrosis along with markedly elevated serum activity of aminotrans‐ferases was observed. Liposome‐encapsulated human recombinant Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase (LSOD) administered 1 or 0.5 h prior to APAP or simultaneously with the toxin completely prevented APAP‐induced hepatocellular injury. In contrast, LSOD administered 5 or 2.5 h before or 1, 2.5 or 5 h after the toxin treatment did not prevent APAP toxicity. Incomplete protection against APAP‐induced injury was obtained when LSOD was administered 0.5 h after the toxin. These results support the proposal of an oxidative mechanism for APAP hepatotoxicity.
Proliferation Kinetics of Rat Kupffer Cells after Partial Hepatectomy Immunohistochemical and UItrastructural Analysis
Authors: Ukai Katsuaki , Terashima Kazuo , Imai Yutaka , Shinzawa Haruhide , Okuyama Yoshimi , Takahashi Tsuneo , Ishikawa Makoto
Published: December 2008

In an effort to settle the conflicting views on the proliferation kinetics of Kupffer cells (Kc), we performed 2/3 partial hepatectomy on rats injected with Pelikan ink. Using an anti‐rat macrophage monoclonal antibody, ED 2, we evaluated the numerical changes in total, carbon‐positive ED 2+ cells and carbon‐negative ED 2+ cells in the portal and central area. We also analyzed the ultrastructure and peroxidase cytochemistry of various types of cells observed during regeneration. The total numbers of ED 2+ cells in the remaining liver increased rapidly from day 2 to 5, and the number of dividing ED 2+ cells reached a maximum on day 2. Thus, the numerical increase in ED 2+ cells corresponded to the division phase. In contrast, the carbon‐labeling experiment showed a continuous increase of carbon negative ED 2+ cells from day 2 to 7. In the central area where division was less frequent, the proportion of carbon‐positive cells decreased markedly to 50% on day 7, as against 97% in control rats. These findings suggest the possibility of an influx of carbon‐negative Kc in addition to cell division. Ultrastructurally, the presence of carbon‐negative “small Kc” and “immature Kc” with morphological features different from those of carbon‐positive Kc was demonstrated. Such carbon‐negative Kc with a high nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm ratio and rather few phagosomes, were not observed in control rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated two types of possible precursor cell, i.e. “transitional” forms between monocytes and Kc, and “immature macrophages”. The former showed peroxidase activity in some lysosomes as well as in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. Our result indicated that the proliferation kinetics of Kc depend upon both local proliferation and influx.
Microvesicular Fatty Liver in Rats with Resembling Reye's Syndrome Induced by 4‐Pentenoic Acid
Authors: Sakaida Noriko , Senzaki Hideto , Shikata Nobuaki , Morii Sotokichi
Published: December 2008

To produce an animal model of Reye's syndrome (RS), 20 adult male Wistar rats were given 10 repeated i.p. injections of 50 mg/kg 4‐pentenoic acid (PA) each separated by an 8‐h interval. Then, 90min after the tenth dose, they were given a final i.p. injection of 150 mg/kg PA. Thirteen control animals were injected with vehicle only using the same time schedule. More than half the animals in each group were fed a common diet, but the others were fasted during the terminal 10‐h stage. All rats were sacrificed 30 min after the last injection. At the terminal stage, in comparison with the vehicle‐injected controls, hypolipemia, hypoglycemia and high titers of serum ammonia and urea N were estimated significantly in the PA treated rats fed throughout the whole period. Hypolipemia and hypoglycemia were more prominent in the terminally fasted group than the group fed continuously. Only in the PA‐treated rats fed throughout the whole period moderate morphological signs of microvesicular fatty liver were exhibited. Ultracytochemical findings and biochemical determinations showed that the major lipids in the microvesicular fatty livers were triglycerides. Morphometric analysis revealed distinct hepatic mitochondrial swelling in the PA‐treated rats. Therefore, the above treatment with PA was able to induce microvesicular fatty liver in rats with resembling RS, which were fed throughout the treatment procedure, but not in the terminally fasted rats.
Coronary Artery Spasm and Vascular Biology: Cholinergic Constriction
Authors: Sakurai Isamu
Published: December 2008

Coronary artery spasm is undoubtedly one of the causative factors of ischemic heart disease, particularly variant‐type angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, but the disease mechanisms involved are still unclear. The present review describes the clinical background of coronary artery spasm in relation to ischemic heart disease, including a brief history of studies in this field, and also suggests future guidelines for experimental investigations based on the characteristics of coronary artery spasm, focusing particularly on data we have obtained in our laboratory from studies of cholinergic constriction. The pig may be a suitable animal in which coronary artery spasm could be provoked with cholinergic agents following endothelial denudation. The use of such large animals would allow the study of spastic arterial segments by various methods with angiographic confirmation. After endothelial denudation it is possible that phenotypic changes in cholinergic receptors might occur in smooth muscle cells, and that such changes might remain even after endothelial repair. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 865‐873, 1991.
Epidermoid Cyst Derived from an Accessory Spleen in the Pancreas
Authors: Morohoshi Toshio , Hamamoto Tetsuya , Kunimura Toshiaki , Yoshida Etsuko , Kanda Mikio , Funo Kenichi , Nagayama Takehisa , Maeda Masayuki , Araki Shunji
Published: December 2008

A rare case of splenic epidermoid cyst (SEC) of the pancreas discovered in a 32‐year‐old Japanese female is reported. The lesion, 5x6cm in size including caseous material and serous fluid in the lumen, was discovered by ultrasonography and computed tomography at the tail of the pancreas and was easily removed. Histopathologically, the cystic wall consisted of three components: the inside was lined by mature squamous epithelium with keratinization, the middle layer consisted of splenic pulp with a sinus structure, and the peripheral layer was dense fibrous connective tissue in which some involutional pancreatic ducts and islets were recognized. The literature about SEC of the pancreas is discussed in comparison with other types of epidermoid cyst including lymphoepithelial cyst and dermoid cyst in the pancreas. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 916 921, 1991.
Coexistence of Mature Teratoma and Thecoma in an Ovary
Authors: Morimitsu Yosuke , Nakashima Osamu , Kage Masayoshi , Kojiro Masamichi , Kawano Katsuichi , Koga Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

Two cases of coexisting mature teratoma and thecoma are reported. In Case 1, a 36 year old woman presented with severe genital bleeding and an ovarian tumor, 12x9 cm in size, was found. In Case 2, a 48‐year‐old postmenopausal woman presented with severe lower abdominal pain and an ovarian tumor, 15x11 cm in size, was detected. Macro‐scopically, the resected tumors of both cases showed a unilocular cystic tumor adjacent to a solid tumor. Microscopically, the cystic tumors were composed of cutaneous tissues and the solid tumors consisted of spindle cells with lipid rich cytoplasm, arranged in interlacing bundles. The cystic tumor and the solid tumor were completely separate and no transitional features were recognized histologically. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 922‐926, 1991.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Cutaneous Mast Cells in Urticaria Pigmentosa (Cutaneous Mastocytosis)
Authors: Akiyama Masashi , Watanabe Yonosuke , Nishikawa Takeji
Published: December 2008

To clarify the origin and function of human cutaneous mast cells (CMCs), immunohistochemical characterization was done in 19 cases of urticaria pigmentosa (cutaneous mastocytosis) using 9 antibodies (anti leukocyte common antigen, MX‐PanB, anti lysozyme, anti α1, antitrypsin, anti α1‐antichymotrypsin, anti vimentin, anti‐neuron specific enolase, anti factor VIII related antigen, and anti‐ACTH). CMCs showed positive reactions with anti α1 anti‐chymotrypsin and anti vimentin in almost all of the specimens. In more than half of the specimens, CMCs were stained positively with anti ‐α1‐antitrypsin, MX‐PanB, and anti factor VIII related antigen. Anti‐leukocyte common antigen and anti ACTH also showed positive reactions in some specimens. These results confirm the existence of vimentin filaments in CMCs and suggest a functional role of CMCs in hemostasis via factor VIII. Furthermore, immunohistochemical similarity between CMCs and granulocyte/macrophage group cells is also suggested.
Isolated Central Nervous System Arteriopathy with Multiple Aneurysms in an Adolescent A Case Report
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takehiro , Hashimoto Ryoji
Published: December 2008

A 17 year old male suffered recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhages due to multiple aneurysms in the distal branches of the cerebral arteries. Autopsy revealed arteriopathy as well as the aneurysms. The arteriopathy was widespread, affecting the distal branches of small and medium‐sized muscular cerebral arteries, as well as the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, and vasocorona. The arteriopathy was characterized by prominent intimal thickening, discontinuity or absence of the internal elastic lamina, and thinning and/or disappearance of smooth muscle in the tunica media with fibroplasia. Slight intimal thickening was also observed in the arteries of the circle of Willis and its major branches, as well as in the basilar artery. However, the arterioles, venules and veins showed no remarkable features. The arterial lesions were found only in the central nervous system. The multiple aneurysms in the distal branches of the cerebral arteries, which had produced the main symptoms and clinical signs, were due to the arteriopathy.
Changes in Extracellular Matrix Materials in the Uterine Myometrium of Rats during Pregnancy and Postparturition
Authors: Nishinaka Kenji , Fukuda Yuh
Published: December 2008

Morphological changes in extracellular matrix materials in the uterine myometrium of rats during pregnancy and postparturition were studied by light and electron microscopy together with immunofluorescence microscopy for type III and IV collagens, fibronectin and laminin. The main components present in late pregnancy were 1) various‐sized collagen fibrils, 2) thick elastic fibers adjacent to smooth muscle cells, and 3) continuous and thick basement membranes of hypertrophic smooth muscle cells. These findings are considered to indicate degradation of collagen fibrils and development of elastic fibers and basement membranes of smooth muscle cells. This change in extracellular matrix materials in the late stage of pregnancy may be important in the process of uterine enlargement associated with elasticity and preparation for labor. In the postpartum stage, myofibroblastic interstitial cells were seen to phagocytize collagen fibrils, and elastic fibers accumulated mainly around the bundles of smooth muscle cells. These changes in the postpartum stage are thought to be important for the process in which the uterus returns to the nonpregnant condition. It is suggested that smooth muscle cells participate in regulating the development of their basement membranes and elastic fibers, and that myofibroblastic interstitial cells function by clearing degraded collagen fibrils from the uterine myometrium. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 122‐132, 1991.
Immunohistochemical and Ultra structural Study of Mixed Small cell/Large cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Yokose Tomoyuki , Asami Hidekazu , Ito Yuji
Published: December 2008

The authors examined the immunohistochemical and ultra‐structural characteristics of mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma (mixed subtype) of the lung which has been newly categorized as anaplastic small cell lung carcinoma. The 34 cases of small cell lung carcinoma examined consisted of 18 cases of pure small cell carcinoma (pure subtype), 12 cases of the mixed subtype and 4 cases of combined small cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the number of immunoreactive tumor cells for chromo‐granin A was smaller (P<0.05) and that for creatine kinase BB was relatively larger in the mixed subtype. Sialyl Les i antigen (SLX), one of the SSEA 1 related carbohydrate antigens, was expressed specifically in the mixed subtype. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells in the mixed subtype had smaller amounts of neurosecretory granules and larger amounts of desmosomes than those in the pure subtype (P<0.05, P<0.005, respectively). These results suggest that the mixed subtype may show more epithelial than neuroendocrine differentiation and that SLX may be a specific marker for the mixed subtype to be used in pretherapeutic diagnosis. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 540 551, 1991.
Granulomatous Arteritis with Massive Eosinophilic Leukocyte Infiltration and Transient Peripheral Eosinophilia Subsequent to Transarterial Embolization Therapy with a Gelatin Sponge
Authors: Ishikura Hiroshi , Sotozaki Yoshihiro , Adachi Hideaki , Sato Masako , Yoshiki Takashi
Published: December 2008

A 38‐year old man presented with a cavernous hemangioma in the liver. Transarterial embolization (TAE) using a gelatin sponge was carried out 14 days prior to surgical resection of the tumor. Granulomatous arteritis with massive infiltration by eosinophilic leukocytes and histiocytes was present at the periphery of the hemangioma, and transient eosinophilia in the peripheral blood occurred six days after resection. Granulomatous arteritis was evident in medium‐sized arteries and there was narrowing or occlusion of the vascular lumen. In the granulomatous cellular infiltrates in the arteries, giant cells of the foreign body type were numerous. An eosinophilic substance differing from fibrin was present in some of the vascular lumina. As this showed staining for collagen, it was considered likely to be fragments of the gelatin sponge. The patient had no symptoms of fever, chills or general fatigue. The clinical course and pathologic findings suggest a causative role of the gelatin sponge in this case of granulomatous arteritis. Vascular change, a rare complication of TAE therapy, may be induced by a hypersensitivity reaction against the intraarterial gelatin sponge. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 618‐622, 1991.
A Case of Malignant Duct‐Islet Cell Tumor of the Pancreas Immunohistochemical and Cytofluorometric Study
Authors: Kashiwabara Kenji , Nakajima Takashi , Shinkai Hiroko , Fukuda Toshio , Oono Yoshihiro , Kurabayashi Yuichi , Kojima Takahiro , Nagamachi Yukio
Published: December 2008

A rare duct‐islet cell tumor of the pancreas was studied using immunohistochemical, cytofluorometric and histo‐chemical methods. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor contained two distinct cell types; islet cell‐like neuroendocrine cells and exocrine duct cell components, suggesting an endodermal origin for both types. The cells showed marked pleomorphism and vascular and perineural invasion at the tumor periphery. Cytofluorometric study of the tumor cell DNA revealed an increased mean nuclear DNA content, without any aneuploidy. Histochemically, the tumor cells contained an increased number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in their nuclei. The malignant potential of this duct‐islet cell tumor was suggested. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 636‐641, 1991.
Pathological Features of Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidentally Discovered at Autopsy
Authors: Kihira Takayuki , Shiraishi Taizo , Yatani Ryuichi , Roa Ivan , Liu Paul I.
Published: December 2008

Renal cell carcinomas incidentally discovered at autopsy (IRCs) were retrospectively analyzed to determine whether they had any pathological features differing from clinical renal cell carcinomas (CRCs): From 7,970 autopsy cases, there were 51 cases (0.65%) of renal cell carcinoma (RC) including 42 men and 9 women (ratio 4.6:1). The mean age of RC cases was 66.3±12.9 (range of 20 to 91 years). Of the 51 RC cases, approximately half of them (25/51) were IRC cases. No difference was shown in age and sex between IRC and CRC cases. Mean tumor size of IRC was 2.6±2.5 cm in diameter. This was significantly smaller (P<0.01) than that of CRC (7.3±2.8 cm). Histologically, both grade 1 and clear cell type were significantly more predominant among IRC cases than CRC cases (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Only one out of 25 cases of IRC had distant metastasis, as compared to 23 out of 26 CRC cases (88.5%). These pathological features indicate that the incidentally discovered renal cell carcinoma may have less malignant potential than clinical tumors. Unexpectedly, the majority of the IRC cases (88.0%) were associated with advanced neoplasia of other sites, as compared to only 19.0% of CRC cases (P<0.01). Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 680–684, 1991.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Observations of Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

A case of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the uterus was examined using immunohistochemistry. The tumor arose in the myometrium, and was a whitish large nodule with hemorrhage and necrosis. Histologically it was a well differentiated leiomyosarcoma with foci showing epithelioid pattern, and in part resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and giant cell tumor (GCT). Additionally, small round neoplastic cells arranged in an alveolar manner, simulating alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, were seen in some areas. Neoplastic cells in well differentiated areas expressed desmin, muscle‐specific actin and Leu Ml, whereas those in epithelioid and poorly differentiated areas lacked these antigens. Instead, tumor cells in epithelioid and small round cell areas were positive for keratin. Interestingly, most tumor cells in well differentiated, epithelioid and small round cell areas were also positive for MB1. However, tumor cells in GCT‐and MFH‐like areas reacted with none of the antibodies used. Ultrastructurally, some tumor cells possessed various amounts of microfilaments with or without dense patches, whereas others lacked them. These findings suggest that the divergent antigen expression was attributable to different levels of differentiation, and that poorly differentiated components had lost their native features. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 466–472, 1991.
An Autopsy Case of Farber's Lipogranulomatosis in a Japanese Boy with Gastrointestinal Involvement
Authors: Koga Mayumi , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya , Fujiwaki Takehisa
Published: December 2008

A boy with Farber's lipogranulomatosis is reported. Excessive ceramide was revealed by thin‐layer chromatography of the extracts from the liver. Acid ceramidase activity of the liver was 31.5% of control with exogenous substrate and 33.3% without exogenous substrate. The histological appearance showed granulomatous lesions, composed of spindle or oval‐shaped storage cells and proliferation of the connective tissues, in the subcutaneous tissue of the lower lip, periarticular regions and the pericardium. Histo‐chemically the storage cells were revealed to contain lipid and polysaccharide. The foreign body granuloma formed by the surgical suture in the liver was surrounded by a large number of foamy cells. In gastrointestinal mucosa widespread erosion, disappearance of glands and abundant collagen fibers were noted. On electron microscopy, the spindle or oval shaped cells in the subcutis of the lip had intracytoplasmic inclusions containing granular or fibrillar materials and a smaller number of curvilinear structures, so called “Farber bodies”. Our case was a typical clinical and histopathological presentation of Farber's lipogranulomatosis. However, ceramidase activity was higher than in previous descriptions, and severe gastrointestinal lesions and the appearance of a large number of foamy cells around the foreign body granuloma have not been described previously.
Mitochondrial Enlargement and Basement Membrane Thickening of Renal Proximal Tubules, Possible Initiators of Microalbuminuria in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM)
Authors: Kaneda Kouji , Sakata Noriyuki , Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

To clarify the morphological changes in renal proximal tubules at the onset of diabetic nephropathy, we observed 177 biopsy samples from patients with Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM) using light and electron microscopy. Group I had no proteinuria (P.u.), group II had p.u. >0.5 g /day, group III had p.u. > 0.5 g day, group IV had serum creatine level (Cr) >1.5mg/dl. Twenty age‐matched normal patients and 80 patients with IgA nephropathy were used as controls. In groups I and II, the following features were significantly different from those in the controls: spherical enlargement of mitochondria (MT) in proximal tubule cells, hypertrophy of proximal tubule cells and their nuclei, and thickening of both the proximal tubule basement membrane (TBM) and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Among the his‐tological changes observed in group I, the thickness of the GBM and TBM indicated that the disease would lead to diabetic nephropathy. MT enlargement was positively correlated with nuclear and cytoplasmic enlargement of the proximal tubule cells in diabetic patients (p<0.05), but was not correlated with other morphological changes or disease prognosis. Glomerular nodular lesions, glomerular sclerotic change, and cortical tubulointerstitial fibrosis became evident in groups III and IV. From the above, we concluded that MT enlargement and thickening of the TBM are possible causes of reduced active transport in the proximal tubules, causing microalbuminuria in diabetics, and initial impairment of post‐tubule transport. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 793–799, 1992.
An Autopsy Case of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy (MELAS) with SpeciaI Reference to Extra‐neuromuscular AbnormaIities
Authors: Ban Shinichi , Mori Naoyoshi , Saito Kiyoshi , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Suzuki Toshihito , Shiraishi Hiroyasu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 37 year old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is reported. Ragged red fibers and crystalline inclusions in mitochondria were revealed by biopsy of the striated muscle of the patient. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) was diagnosed clinically. In addition to severe atrophy and degeneration of the generalized striated muscles and many foci of laminar necrosis of the cerebral cortex, the following abnormalities were observed: 1) hypertrophy of the myocardium, 2) fatty change of the liver, 3) focal sclerosis of the glomeruli and dilatation of the tubules of the kidneys, 4) hyalinous degeneration of the Langerhans' islands of the pancreas and 5) wavy change of the smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal tract. We suggest that mitochondrial encephalomyopathy affects various organs and tissues, among which susceptibility of the muscular tissues —skeletal muscle, myocardium and smooth muscle—is high. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 818–825, 1992.
Alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing Immature Mediastinal Teratoma Showing Rapid and Massive Recurrent Growth in an Adult
Authors: Taniyama Kiyomi , Ohta Sinichiro , Suzuki Harumi , Matsumoto Miyuki , Nagashima Yasuyuki , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

A case of immature mediastinal teratoma in a 43 year‐old Japanese man is reported. The tumor, which was multicys‐tic with solid zones and measured 12times6x8cm, arose in the anterior mediastinum. The serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated to 5,114 ng/ml before surgery. Histologically, the solid zones showed an admixture of irregular glands lined by columnar or cuboidal epithelium set in a spindle cell stroma, some foci of primitive neural tissue, and scattered small nests of hepatoid cells. Im‐munohistochemically, the hepatoid cells and epithelia lining some of the cysts showed a strongly positive reaction for AFP. Eight months after surgery, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by a rapidly growing massive recurrent tumor, which measured 40times24times13cm, in the left thoracic cavity. However, the elevated serum AFP level had been decreasing during the course of the recurrence in response to chemotherapy. The recurrent tumor showed remarkable proliferation of loose mesenchymal tissue without primitive neural tissue. These findings suggest that immature mediastinal teratoma in adults is highly malignant, and that non‐AFP‐producing mesenchymal tissue played a critical role in forming the rapidly growing massive recurrent tumor in the present case. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 911–915, 1992.
Immunohistological Study of Nonfunctional Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Toda Masakatsu , Adachi Mitsuo , Daa Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

The histological and immunohistological features of a nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma obtained from a 56 year old woman are reported. Macroscopically, the tumor consisted of many small hemorrhagic nodules and showed adhesion to the thyroid gland and esophageal wall. Histologically, the tumor cells resembled parathyroid chief cells, and showed an island like or sheet‐like arrangement, the former showing cystic degeneration and containing hemorrhagic fluid in the extracellular space. Tumor cells resembling water‐clear cells and oxyphilic cells were also observed. Most of the the tumor cells had glycogen in the cytoplasm. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells showed no staining with anti‐thyrogiobulin, JT‐95 or anti‐cal‐citonin antibodies. However, they were stained with antibodies against chromogranin A (Ch A) and the N terminal portion of human parathyroid hormone (PTH (N)). The positive staining with anti‐PTH (N) antibody disappeared when the antibody was absorbed with excess synthesized human PTH (N). Immunostaining for PTH (N) and Ch A was useful for differentiation of nonfuctional parathyroid carcinoma from thyroid carcinoma and thymoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 279‐285, 1992.
Spontaneous Rupture of Aortic Arch through an Atheromatous Plaque Resulting in Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Ishikawa Yukio , Ishii Toshiharu , Asuwa Noriko , Masuda Shigeru , Kiguchi Hideko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of spontaneous rupture of aortic arch through an atheromatous plaque which resulted in pseudoaneurysm is reported. The aorta was involved by severe atherosclerosis with scattered calcifications over the entire surface, and there was a fusiform aneurysm protruding from a transmural tear in the aortic arch. Histopath‐ologically, no evidence of dissection or inflammatory change was noted in the aorta, and no histologic component of the aortic media was observed in the aneurysmal wall. However, degenerative change of cystic and laminar medial necrosis were recognized near the ruptured site. Such localized degenerative change was considered to be caused by circulatory disturbance which originated from disruption of the vasa vasorum due to aortic rupture. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 740–744, 1992.
True Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Chondrosarcoma) A Case Report
Authors: Adachi Hironobu , Morimura Tsukasa , Yumoto Tokichi , Ikeda Mitsugi , Fukui Hajime
Published: December 2008

True pulmonary carcinosarcoma (squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma) originating in the right lower lobe in a 62‐year‐old Japanese male is reported. The tumor, measuring 5.5×3.5×3.5 cm, was markedly necrotic and its apex protruded into the bronchial lumen. Light microscopy showed that the tumor was composed of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous spindle or polygonal cell proliferation and true chondrosarcoma. Immunohisto‐chemically, the cytoplasm of numerous cells of the squamous cell carcinoma component was stained with anti‐cytokeratin (PKK 1) and the cytoplasmic membrane with anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Although sarcomatous regions were stained with anti vimentin (vimentin) and no tumor cells were reactive for EMA, a few tumor cells were positive for PKK 1. The cytoplasm of numerous chondrosarcoma cells was positively stained for vimentin and S‐100 protein. Based on these findings, we concluded that the present tumor was a true carcinosarcoma composed of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous regions and true chondrosarcoma Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 751–754, 1992.
Mucosal Immune System in Health and Disease
Authors: Nagura Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The mucosal immune system is characterized predominantly by the secretory antibody response and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, cellular part of the mucosal immune system. The secretory antibody system depends on local production and selective epithelial transport of secretory IgA and IgM. Furthermore, secretory antibodies and interactions between the intestinal epithelium and T cells are involved in the mucosal down‐regulation of the systemic immune system. Neuropeptides play a crucial role in the regulation of mucosal immune responses. It is possible that impairment of the mucosal immune response contribu tes to the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Until recently, however, mucosal immunity received relatively little attention from both basic and clinical scientists. Further research on mucosal immunity seems to have promise in helping to provide new understanding of the immune mechanisms and pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and systemic diseases.
Neuronal Hyaline Inclusions Observed in an Autopsy Case of Behçet's Disease
Authors: Iihara Kuniko , Abe Junichi , Murakami Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Behçet's disease is reported. The patient, a 59 year old Japanese woman, died of intestinal bleeding after a 34 year clinical course of Behçet's disease. She also suffered from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, erythema nodosum like cutaneous lesions and genital ulcerated lesions. Autopsy revealed marked atherosclerosis of the aorta and multiple deep ulcerations in the terminal ileum with no significant vascular lesions. Lewy bodies and globular hyaline inclusions in the neurons of the central nervous system were noted, although there were no clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease throughout the clinical course. These findings appear to suggest that the patient was probably in the preclinical or early stage of Parkinson's disease. However, the presence of Lewy bodies in the 6th decade without any accompanying symptoms is very rare. This case seems to draw attention to the presence of these neuronal inclusions in Behçet's disease.
Encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Clincopathological and cytoflurometric study in comparison with non‐encapsulated papillary carcinomy
Authors: Oyama Tetsunari , Ishida Tsunehiro , Ishii Kaoru , Sakurai Shinji , Joshita Takashi , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Nakajima Takashi
Published: December 2008

Clinicopatholigical and cytofluroremetric studies were performed on nine encapsulated (EPC) and 23 non‐encapsulated (non‐EPC) carcinomas of the thyroid gland. The average age of the patients with EPC was 33 years, which was significantly younger than that of those with non‐EPC. The average tumor size of EPC was twice as large as that of intraglandular non‐escapsulated carcinoma. All patients with EPC were alive without disease, but three out of 23 patients with non‐EPC had a recurrence of the disease of died. Cytofluorometric studies showed that the mean nuclear DNA content and percentage of tumor cells in the S‐G2M phase of EPC were lower than that of non‐EPC. According to the DNA histogram pattern, all EPC showed distinct modal DNA values in the diploid or near diploid region of normal cells. However non‐EPC, especially extra‐glandular non‐encapsulated papillary carcinoma, showed a wide variety of DNA histogram patterns. The present study suggested that EPC is a distinct subtype of papillary carcinoma of the throid gland clinicopathologically and the cytofluorometrically it is differnt from non‐EPC.
α‐Fetoprotein producing gastric carcinomas: A comparative study of three different subtypes
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Aizawa Kikuo , Watanabe Hidenobu , Fukase Masayuki , Saito Kiyoko
Published: December 2008

Nine cases of gastric carcinoma with excessive production of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) were analyzed morphologically, histochemically and biochemically. Consequently, it was proposed that AFP‐producing gastric carcinomas should be divided into three subtypes: (i) hepatoid type; (ii) yolk sac tumor‐like type; and (iii) fetal gastrointestinal type. The data from the study suggested that the hepatoid type and the yolk sac tumor‐like type are derived from liver cell metaplasia and yolk sac cell metaplasia of common poorly differentiated medullary adenocarcinoma, respectively. The fetal gastrointestinal type seemed to be a result of the imitation of fetal gastrointestinal epithelium by common tubular adenocarcinoma. The hepatoid type was also the most common in the file of AFP‐producing gastric carcinoma. Unfortunately, most of the hepatoid types seemed to be highly malignant.
Function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix
Authors: Yanagishita Masaki
Published: December 2008

Proteoglycans are glycosylated proteins which have cova‐lently attached highly anionic glycosaminoglycans. Many forms of proteoglycans are present In virtually all extracellular matrices of connective tissues. The major biological function of proteoglycans derives from the physicochemical characteristics of the glycosaminoglycan component of the molecule, which provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compressional forces. This function is best illustrated by the most abundant proteoglycan in cartilage tissues, aggrecan. During the past decade, diverse species of proteoglycans have been identified in many connective tissues, on cell surfaces and in intracellular compartments. These proteoglycans have distinct biological functions apart from their hydrodynamic functions, and their involvement in many aspects of cell and tissue activities has been demonstrated. For example, decor‐in, which is widely distributed in many connective tissues, may have functions in regulating collagen fibril formation and in modifying the activity of transforming growth factor‐β; perlecan, the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the glomerular basement membrane, may play an important role as the major anionic site responsible for the charge selectivity in glomerular filtration. Specific interactions between proteoglycans (through both their glycosaminoglycan and core protein components) and macromolecules in the extracellular matrix are the key factors in the functions of proteoglycans. Exciting biological functions of proteoglycans are now gradually emerging.
Antigen expression associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wang Shi‐Nong , Miyauchi Motohiro , Koshikawa Nobuko , Maruyama Koshi , Kubota Tetsuo , Miura Keiji , Kurosawa Yoshikazu , Awaya Akira , Kanai Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

A total of 100 gastric adenocarcinomas, comprising 50 cases with lymph node metastasis and 50 cases without lymph node metastasis, were examined for immunohistochemical reactivity with the monoclonal antibody to urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA), Lex related 4C9 antigen, Jun, or to nucleobindin (Nuc). In tumors with lymph node metastasis, 41 (82%) were positive for u‐PA and 28 (56%) were positive for Nuc. In tumors without lymph node metastasis, 26 (52%) were positive for u‐PA and five (10%) were positive for Nuc. The percentage of cases positive for u‐PA or Nuc was significantly higher in tumors with lymph node metastasis than that in tumors without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). The expression of u‐PA was found to be significantly correlated with that of Nuc (P < 0.001), mode of infiltrative growth (P < 0.05), depth of invasion (P < 0.01), and grade of lymphatic invasion (P < 0.01). However, the expression of Nuc was found to be significantly correlated with the expression of Jun (P< 0.05), depth of invasion (P < 0.01), and grade of lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001). These results suggest that immunohistochemical examination for the expression of u‐PA and Nuc in tumor cells may help evaluate the potential of adenocarcinomas of the stomach for lymph node metastasis.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with prominent intracytoplasmic vacuolation: Report of a case
Authors: Horie Yasushi , Fujita Hajime , Mizobuchi Kohichi , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Murakami Ichiro , Taguchi Kohji , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with uncommon features is reported. A mass was noted in the left thigh of a 16 year old man. Histologically, most areas of the tumor exhibited the typical appearance of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, but some tumor cells had rounded nuclei and cytoplasm, resembling an epithelioid pattern. It was noted that some rounded tumor cells showed prominent intracytoplasmic vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, almost all of the tumor cells, including the rounded and vacuolated ones, were positive for S‐100 protein and vimentin. Electron microscopic study revealed well‐developed cytoplasmic processes, intracytoplasmic intermediate‐sized filaments, basement lamina formation and extracellular long‐spacing collagens. These findings were compatible with those of Schwann cell differentiation. Moreover, ultrastructurally, the vacuolated spaces contained a few granular materials and were derived from the dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is speculated that intracytoplasmic vacuolation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor would be caused by degeneration of the tumor cells.