bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The microbiological and sensory status of dual-purpose chickens (Lohmann Dual), male Lohmann Brown Plus chickens, and conventional laying hens slaughtered in a laying hen abattoir compared to conventional broilers slaughtered in a broiler abattoir
Authors: Langkabel Nina , Oswaldi Verena , Merle Roswitha , Fleischhauer Cornelia , Heinke Cathleen , Alter Thomas , Ellerboek Lüppo , Fries Reinhard , Meemken Diana
Published: November 2022

Alternatives to conventional chicken meat and egg production are increasingly under discussion, especially because of the common practice of killing male day-old chicks from laying lines which has been banned from the beginning of 2022 in Germany and is planned to be banned during 2022 in other countries. Production of dual-purpose chicken lines is one possible solution, as such lines combine moderate laying and growth performance. The microbiological status of products from such breeds must be comparable to existing products on the market for food safety purposes. Additionally, the production of such products will take longer because of the feeding regimes required, and again, comparability should be safeguarded for the best consumer protection. The dual-purpose chicken line, Lohmann Dual (males), was compared to males from the laying line Lohmann Brown Plus, conventional laying hens (all slaughtered and processed in the same conventional laying hen abattoir), and conventional broilers (slaughtered in a conventional broiler abattoir). Neck skin samples were taken before chilling at the end of each slaughter line to determine the microbial status of the carcasses. Additionally, fresh and cooked meat sensory analysis was performed on meat from broilers and male and female Lohmann Dual and Lohmann Brown Plus chickens (for three carcasses of each group) at the German Agricultural Society Test Center in Kassel. The focus was on the performance of male Lohmann Dual compared to the other lines. There was no difference in theEnterobacteriaceaecount of the dual-purpose chicken line compared to conventional broilers, whereas laying hens had a significantly higher microbial load before chilling, as based on neck skin examinations (p<0.001). According to sensory test results, the meat from dual-purpose chickens was the best (as no defects were found) among the five chicken meat types examined. In conclusion, based on their microbial status and sensory analysis of fresh and cooked meat, Lohmann Dual males slaughtered in a laying hen abattoir can be considered as an alternative to conventionally kept broilers slaughtered in a broiler abattoir.
Atractylodes lancea for cholangiocarcinoma: Modulatory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 and pharmacokinetics in rats and biodistribution in mice
Authors: Muhamad Nadda , Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: November 2022

Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea: AL) is a promising candidate for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer). The study investigated (i) the propensity of capsule formulation of the standardized extract of AL (formulated AL) to modulate mRNA and protein expression and activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 in rats after long- and short-term exposure, (ii) the pharmacokinetics of atractylodin (ATD: active constituent) after long-term administration of formulated AL, and (iii) the biodistribution of atractylodin-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (ATD-PLGA-NPs) in mice. To investigate CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 modulatory activities following long-term exposure, rats of both genders received oral doses of the formulated AL at 1,000 (low dose), 3,000 (medium dose), and 5,000 (high dose) mg/kg body weight daily for 12 months. For short-term effects, male rats were orally administered the formulated AL at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight daily for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after administration of the formulated AL at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight daily for 9 months. The biodistribution study was conducted in a male mouse receiving ATD-PLGA-NPs at the equivalent dose to ATD of 100 mg/kg body weight. The high dose of formulated AL produced an inducing effect on CYP1A2 but an inhibitory effect on CYP3A1 activities in male rats. The low dose, however, did not inhibit or induce the activities of both enzymes in male and female rats. ATD reached maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 359.73 ng/mL at 3 h (tmax). Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2z) were 3.03 and 0.56 h, respectively. The extent of biodistribution of ATD in mouse livers receiving ATD-PLGA-NPs was 5-fold of that receiving free ATD. Clinical use of low-dose AL should be considered to avoid potential herb-drug interactions after long-term use. ATD-PLGA-NPs is a potential drug delivery system for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.
Reconstitution of an N-AChR from Brugia malayi, an evolved change in acetylcholine receptor accessory protein requirements in filarial parasites
Authors: Noonan Jennifer D. , Beech Robin N.
Published: November 2022

Neurotransmission is an important target for anthelmintic drugs, where receptor characteristics and response can be examined through reconstitution ex vivo in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The homomeric ACR-16 nicotine sensitive acetylcholine receptors (N-AChRs) of several helminth species have been characterized in this way. Our efforts to reconstitute the N-AChR from the clade III filarial parasite, Brugia malayi using similar conditions, initially produced no detectable response. A robust response to acetylcholine is obtained from the closely related clade III parasite Ascaris suum, suggesting that specific changes have occurred between Ascaris and Brugia. N-AChRs from three species intermediate between A. suum and B. malayi were characterized to provide information on the cause. Maximal response to acetylcholine did not change abruptly, consistent with a discrete event, but rather decreased progressively from A. suum through Dracunculus medinensis, Gonglylonema pulchrum and Thelazia callipaeda. Receptor responses to the characteristic nicotine, and other agonists were generally similar. The decrease in maximal current did correlate with a delayed time to reach larger response. Together, this suggested that the failure to reconstitute the B. malayi N-AChR was one extreme of a progressive decrease and that an issue with synthesis of the receptor in oocytes was responsible. Addition of accessory proteins EMC-6, NRA-2 and NRA-4, in addition to RIC-3, produced a small, but measurable B. malayi N-AChR response. Pharmacological properties of a chimeric B. malayi N-AChR were equivalent to the other species, confirming the receptor response remains unchanged while its production is increasingly dependent on accessory proteins. One possibility is that loss of many subunits for acetylcholine receptors from the filarial nematode genome is linked to new subunit combinations that lead to such a dependence. This novel phylogenetic approach allowed the first characterization of a B. malayi AChR ex vivo and in doing so, provides a framework for the successful characterization of other receptors that have yet to be reconstituted.
Elemental composition of the hair and milk of black-spotted cows and its relationship with intestinal microbiome reorganization
Authors: Sizova Elena , Yausheva Elena , Marshinskaia Olga , Kazakova Tatiana , Khlopko Yuriy , Lebedev Svyatoslav
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: The cattle breeding system is facing severe problems associated with the increased negative impact of various human activity areas on the environment and the bodies of farm animals. The use of heavy metals in different production areas leads to their accumulation in the environment due to the ingestion of animals and humans through animal products. This study aimed to assess the elemental composition of the hair and milk of black-spotted cows and to identify the relationship between the content of toxic and essential elements and the state of the intestinal microbiome.

Materials and Methods: The element status was estimated by studying the chemical composition of the biosubstrates using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Based on the analysis of hair, the elemental composition, and the use of the coefficient of toxic load, two groups of animals were formed: Group I, which included cows with a lower load factor, and Group II, which included cows with a higher load factor.

Results: An increase in the heavy metal concentrations in the hair and milk of animals in Group II was observed. The As, Fe, Pb, Al, Co, Ni, and V concentrations in the hair of cows from Group II increased relative to Group I by 19%, 29%, 24.5%, 32.3%, 35.6%, 21.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the level of Fe by 11.5%, Cr by 8.25%, Mn by 17.6%, Pb by 46.1%, and Cd by 25% in Group II compared with Group I in the assessment of elemental milk composition. There were no apparent changes in the intestinal microbiome of Group II.

Conclusion: Some heavy metals were accumulated in the bodies and milk of animals. This shows a high probability of heavy metals causing harm to the health of animals and humans.
Can Doctrinal Legal Scholarship Be Defended?
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

This review article investigates the question whether doctrinal legal scholarship can be defended. And it does so in the light of a new book by Mátyás Bódig that sets out an epistemological defence of this scholarship. The second half of this article critically examines this work, while the first half looks more generally at how doctrinal legal scholarship is defined in the civil and common law traditions and how it has traditionally been defended in the United Kingdom. One secondary question that is considered is whether doctrinal legal scholarship is of any greater value, epistemologically, than scholarship in astrology. The article is sceptical as to whether doctrinal legal scholarship can be defended, except as scholarship providing assistance to the legal profession and judiciary.

Keywords: astrology; Bódig (Mátyás); Dworkin (Ronald); doctrine; epistemology; hermeneutics; methodology; theory.
Is the Hong Kong Courts’ Ability to Refer to Foreign Authorities Unrestrained?
Authors: Kwan Martin
Published: November 2022

Once in a while there is a debate on whether Hong Kong courts should be freely able to refer to foreign authorities, indicating the lack of firm consensus. In light of the need for clarifications, this note affirms the court’s ability to refer to foreign authorities for three main reasons. Constitutionally, this note is the first to raise that Hong Kong courts have a unique ‘constitutional assurance’ of their ability to refer to foreign cases. By comparison, other jurisdictions, like England & Wales and Singapore which do not share the same assurance, have even further restrained their power with Practice Directions. Professionally, the courts will not blindly rely on foreign authorities given the jurisdictional differences. Practically, Hong Kong has a relatively smaller case pool, so the practical insights from the foreign authorities are very useful. Given these three justifications, there should not be any doubt over the courts’ power and practice for such.

Keywords: common law; Singapore; English law; comparative law; case law; precedent; India; judiciary; legal method.
Civil Justice Reform
Authors: Vickers Matthew
Published: November 2022

Ombudsman schemes have been viewed with interest for their efficiency, speed, cost and use of technology. As Sir Geoffrey Vos seeks to integrate alternative dispute resolution as part of a civil justice funnel, it is important to recognize that ombudsman schemes fulfil different functions than the courts. This paper suggests that dispute resolution is only one of the functions of a civil justice system. Court efficiency should not be the predominant organizing principle. Recognizing the variety of functions and legitimate interests contained within the civil justice system rather than conceiving a hierarchical structure presided over by courts could offer an outcome-based perspective on reform.

Keywords: ombudsman; dispute resolution; technology; justice systems; prevention.
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 3 13 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055

Day 3 13 March 2019

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 5 18 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055

Day 5 18 March 2019

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 16 6 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055

Day 16 6 June 2019

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Socio-educational action in Colombia: historical, academic and professional means to social work and social pedagogy
Authors: del Pozo Serrano Francisco José , Polo Amashta Giselle Paola
Published: November 2022

Social work and social pedagogy in Colombia are disciplines and professional fields of special relevance for social and educational action. This article analyses what has been the evolution of these fields of knowledge and practice in the Colombian context, from historical, disciplinary, professional and academic standpoints. For this, a documentary analysis has been carried out methodologically in the two areas of knowledge, with a historical and theoretical review of the disciplines in the country, as well as of the relevant national undergraduate and graduate programmes. This article concludes by establishing that social work has a longer historical trajectory in the country to provide social responses to complex problems and violence, with vocational professionalisation, scientific intervention and wide academic recognition in careers present in the country’s universities. In contrast, social pedagogy has had some attempts at being instituted into careers in the country and presents a great diversification of professions from popular or community education, and has struggled to become professionalised due to the prominence given to social work by public policy and education. Nonetheless, our analysis demonstrates that with the historical influence of critical pedagogies and recent global contributions, there is currently a significant upward trajectory of social pedagogy in Colombia, with two Master’s degrees existing since 2019 (which train educators and social workers in socio-educational action).
materialismo histórico nas abordagens de Vigotski e Wallon acerca do pensamento e da linguagem
Authors: Veríssimo Mara Rúbia Alves Marques
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre a teoria marxista da história e do homem e as análises desenvolvidas por Vigotsky e Wallon no campo da Psicogênese. Trata-se de compreender a contribuição da teoria da História ao campo da Psicologia, a ponto de produzir-se uma nova teoria do conhecimento.
Para tal empreendimento, em um primeiro momento tentamos justificar nossa opção teórico-metodológica a favor do materialismo histórico e dialético e esclarecer, ainda que superficialmente, os aspectos básicos dessa abordagem.
Posteriormente, analisamos a influência do materialismo histórico nas pesquisas de Vigotsky acerca da gênese do pensamento e da linguagem. Destacamos sobretudo o aspecto metodológico em detrimento da análise de conceitos propriamente dita, para não corrermos o risco de sermos demasiadamente superficiais. No entanto, arriscamos abordar algumas consequências pedagógicas das investigações de Vigotsky no que se refere à relação entre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem. [...]
Palavras-chave: marxismo; Vigotsky; psicogênese; materialismo histórico dialético.
Subsídios para uma análise da política da educação escolar brasileira
Authors: Donatoni Alaíde Rita , Coelho Maria Cândida P.
Published: November 2022

Resumo: O pressuposto teórico que nos colocamos como ponto de partida é o de que a política educacional brasileira expressa, sob várias formas, as relações entre Estado brasileiro, economia e sociedade.
O suposto segundo o qual a educação é um elemento do Estado e de qualquer estudo sobre política educacional não pode se dar desvinculado do Estado nos remete a situar este estudo no contexto do capitalismo brasileiro e das relações entre a sociedade e a educação.
O fato da educação escolar ser uma das funções do Estado reforça a ideia de que uma análise da educação escolar brasileira deve passar, necessariamente, pela análise do Estado capitalista, compreendido como o conjunto da sociedade política e da sociedade civil. [...]
Palavras-chave: educação; política; Estado brasileiro.
campo educacional
Authors: Xavier Libânia Nacif
Published: November 2022

Resumo: O artigo aborda a questão da identidade do campo educacional no Brasil. Ao refletir sobre a educação como prática social, toca em temáticas relativas á interação entre agentes sociais e sistemas institucionais, entre parâmetros de racionalidade científica e a questão dos valores que marcam a prática educacional. No que tange ao entendimento da educação como saber especifico, remete-se a um momento da história da institucionalização dos estudos ligados à educação no âmbito do ensino universitário em geral e da organização dos primeiros cursos de formação de professores em nível superior, tendo como corte cronológico o período 1920/1945.
Palavras-chave: educação; instituições de ensino; legitimidade científica.
 
Abstract: The article is about the identity of the educational field in Brazil. Thinking over the education as a social practice, it touches upon subjects related to the interaction between social agents and institutional systems, between parameters of scientific rationality and the values of the educational practice. Considering the education a specific knowledge, this work takes the years between 1920 and 1945 as a reference. This is one moment in the history of the institutionalization of the studies related to the higher education and the organization of the first university courses to graduate teachers.
Key words: education; educational institutions; scientific legitimacy.
Power and the esteemed professorate
Authors: Payne Kay E. , Cangemi Josef
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Often professors of higher education do not recognize the difference between teaching subject matter and teaching students. They emulate their former professor mentors without much analysis of the assets/liabilities of classroom behaviors. The absence of teaching methods in the teaching curriculum of college/university contributes to the problem. The following article describes a composite picture of the esteemed professorate depicted by an accumulation of life experiences, student stories, professorial reputations and caricatures. The categories of professorial type do not represent exclusivity, but indeed are anticipated to overlap. The professorate needs to strive to use teaching methods which empower students to learn, just as we all strive to encourage the corporate world to empower their employees.
Prevención de dificultades en el aprendizage de la aritmética
Authors: Boggino Norberto
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Una de las constantes en el Sistema Educativo Argentino está dada por la repitencia, el desgranamiento y la deserción escolar en el inicio de la escolaridad primaria (hoy EGB) y, fundamentalmente, por las dificultades que se producen en el campo de la lecto-escritura y dei cálculo.
Los informes suministrados por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación y publicados por el INDEC revelan que en las províncias de Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes y Misiones, el índice correspondiente a la deserción escolar alcanza al 56% para alumnos dei nível primaria. Mientras que el menor índice se registra en Capital Federal y en la província de Santa Fe, donde el 22% de los alumnos no terminan el nível primario de la educación.
Teniendo en cuenta que una de las principales "causas" está en íntima relación con las dificultades en el aprendizaje de la aritmética, consideramos de suma importancia analizar las razones a las que se les atribuye los "fracasos" y plantear lo que consideramos son las causas y los causantes de dichos "fracasos".
The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on physical activity and health of children and adolescents in Europe
Authors: Kornbeck Jacob , Petkovic Sladjana , Naul Roland
Published: November 2022

In what ways and to what extent has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the lives of children and young people in Europe by limiting their access to physical education and other types of physical activity, including sport? A review of the available, reported, evidence-based knowledge is provided with regards to physical activity and motor behaviour; psycho-social well-being; as well as effects on mental well-being. From a literature review, the main insights are extracted and placed in a wider policy context, including as regards EU-wide priorities regarding sports policy, health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) as well as public funding, including from the EU budget.
Morze jako żywioł i przestrzeń konfrontacji natury z kulturą. Ekopoetyka Damira Miloša w utworach Kornatske priče i Meke ulice
Authors: Szperlik Ewa
Published: November 2022

The article attempts to present selected prose works by Damir Miloš as an example of Croatian maritime literature and ecological writing. In the posthumanist view, the symbiosis of man and nature constitutes a postpastoral attempt to return to Arcadia. In Miloš’s prose, ecopoetics is manifested in J. F. Lyotard’s idea of “house-building” ( oikon and poesis ), which is currently also discussed by other researchers, in the harmony of the human and the world of nature, as well as in the perspective of pansociologism, according to which “everything is society,” and all existence means “entering into interactions,” and, lastly, in the optics of Bruno Latour’s hyperhumanism. The element of the sea ( its flora and fauna) in an ecocritical approach is characterised by liquidity, ambiguity as well as transgression and liminality ( between the world of nature and culture ). In addition to its causative elements, it can also communicate ( non-anthroponormative languages, post-koiné ).
Distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in false-positive results detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay
Authors: Lei Yan , Lu Xiaolan , Mou Daiyong , Du Qin , Wang Guangrong , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2022

There have been several false-positive results in the antibody detection of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in false-positive results using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The characteristics of false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG tests were analyzed. The false-positive proportion of single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results was 95.88%, which was higher than those of single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results (71.05%; p < 0.001) and SARS-CoV-2 IgM- and IgG-positive results (39.39%; p < 0.001). The S/CO ratios of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results ranged from 1.0 to 50.0. The false-positive probability of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in the ratios of specimen signals to the cutoff value (S/CO) range (1.0–3.0) was 95.06% (77/81), and the probability of false-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the S/CO range (1.0–2.0) was 85.71% (24/28). Dynamic monitoring showed that the S/CO values of IgM in false-positive results decreased or remained unchanged, whereas the S/CO values of IgG in false-positive results decreased. The possibility of false-positive single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive and single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results was high. As the value of S/CO ratios decreased, the probability of false-positives consequently increased, especially among the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results.
普通话的“输入”与全球华语的融合―基于《马来西亚华语特有词语词典》的调查
Authors: 刁 晏斌
Published: November 2022

文章以《马来西亚华语特有词语词典》B字母下的 161 个词语为对象, 主要由普通话 “输入” 的角度切入, 来了解与呈现当今全球华语的融合状况。由数量看, 普通话输入的词语占比近六成, 但是由使用情况来看, 则有很大的不平衡性。文章也对普通话未输入词语进行调查和解释, 试图以此来观察哪些词语更易为普通话吸收, 结论是英语以外的其他民族借词以及狭义的社区词占了未输入词语的绝大多数, 它们是马来西亚华语中最具本土化特征的部分。
Computational approaches towards the understanding of past boundaries: A case study based on archaeological and historical data in a hilly region in Germany
Authors: Herzog Irmela
Published: November 2022

Boundaries at different scales or in different cultural contexts vary in permeability, fuzziness, and continuity. The contribution of methods from the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) toolbox used in archaeology for the understanding of boundaries is explored in a case study based on known boundaries that are located in a hilly region east of Cologne, Germany. The known political and religious boundaries date back to the 16th and early 17th century. Furthermore, a linguistic boundary traversing the study area is well-known. A classification of the reliability of the political boundaries is presented based on evidence from different sources including archaeological sites. A traditional GIS method for delimiting territories is Voronoi polygon generation, also known as Thiessen polygons. A variant uses least-cost distances, accounting for costs of movement. A site catchment of a settlement consists of all locations that can be reached by expending a given cost limit. Both the initial Voronoi computations as well as the site catchments failed to reconstruct a significant proportion of the known past boundaries. Therefore, the association of the known boundaries with rivers, ridges, and modern parish boundaries was tested and found significant. In contrast, poor soils and voids identified by least-cost Kernel Density Estimation (LC-KDE) of 16th century settlement locations are no preferred locations of past boundaries. Boundaries of Voronoi polygons based on modified cost models taking the association of past boundaries with ridges, rivers, and modern boundaries into account reconstructed about 27 % of the confirmed past political boundaries successfully. The association of the linguistic boundary with the features mentioned above is insignificant. Diagnostic place names are the traits forming the basis of Voronoi diagrams and LC-KDE applied in archaeological studies for reconstructing boundaries. Considering the uneven distribution and fairly low number of traits, the results of these two approaches are satisfactory.
An operator-based approach to topological photonics
Authors: Cerjan Alexander , Loring Terry A.
Published: November 2022

Recently, the study of topological structures in photonics has garnered significant interest, as these systems can realize robust, nonreciprocal chiral edge states and cavity-like confined states that have applications in both linear and nonlinear devices. However, current band theoretic approaches to understanding topology in photonic systems yield fundamental limitations on the classes of structures that can be studied. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for assessing a photonic structure’s topology directly from its effective Hamiltonian and position operators, as expressed in real space, and without the need to calculate the system’s Bloch eigenstates or band structure. Using this framework, we show that nontrivial topology, and associated boundary-localized chiral resonances, can manifest in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry that lack a complete band gap, a result that may have implications for new topological laser designs. Finally, we use our operator-based framework to develop a novel class of invariants for topology stemming from a system’s crystalline symmetries, which allows for the prediction of robust localized states for creating waveguides and cavities.
Ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Mahdavi Vahideh , Ranaei Vahid , Pilevar Zahra , Sarafraz Mansour , Mahmudiono Trias , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi
Published: November 2022

Contamination of food with mycotoxins can pose harmful effects on the health of consumers in the long term. Coffee contamination with mycotoxins has become a global concern. This study attempted to meta-analyze the concentration and prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee products and estimate consumers’ health risks. The search was conducted among international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, for 1 January 2010 to 1 May 2022. The concentration and prevalence of OTA in coffee products were meta-analyzed according to country subgroups. Health risk assessment was conducted based on Margin of Exposures (MOEs) using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The three countries that had the highest Pooled concentration of OTA in coffee were observed in Chile (100.00%), Kuwait (100.00%), and France (100.00%). The overall prevalence of OTA in coffee products was 58.01%, 95% CI (48.37–67.39). The three countries that had the highest concentration of OTA were Philippines (39.55 μg/kg) > Turkey (39.32 μg/kg) > and Panama (21.33 μg/kg). The mean of MOEs in the adult consumers in Panama (9,526) and the Philippines (8,873) was lower than 10,000, while the mean of MOEs in other countries was higher than 10,000. Therefore, monitoring and control plans should be carried out in different countries.
Érték-e még a kultúra? A kultúrafogyasztás elhúzódó és aktuális jelenségei
Authors: Pavluska Valéria
Published: November 2022

„Egy regény nem arra van, hogy elüssük az időt, hogy kikapcsolódjunk, hogy elterelje a figyelmünket a hétköznapokról. Az irodalom dolga, hogy gyökeresen felforgassa és megváltoztassa az életünket, és a regény elolvasása után többé már semmi ne mehessen úgy tovább, mint addig ... a regényírásba csak ezt a célt szem előtt tartva szabad belekezdeni.” Ezekkel a mondatokkal foglalja össze Mohamed Mbougar Sarr, a 2021-ben Goncourt-díjjal kitüntetett fiatal szenegáli író irodalomról vallott felfogását a Jó Blog recenzense (Horváth, 2022). Vajon így gondolják ezt az olvasók is? Mire irányul ma a kulturális érdeklődés, hogyan változnak a preferenciák, a kultúrafogyasztói mintázatok? Egyáltalán, van még, aki könyvet olvas, vagy színházba, koncertre, múzeumba, moziba, fesztiválra stb. jár szabadidejében? Miért tartós a nemfogyasztók magas aránya, vagy a kultúrafogyasztók inkább az informális online térbe vonultak?
A politikai termékek és a választói magatartás kapcsolata a 2022-es országgyűlési választáson
Authors: Honti Tamás
Published: November 2022

A vitairatban a politikai termék konceptualizálására és a politikai termék szerkezetének felvázolására törekszem egy teoretikus modell segítségével, amelyben a marketing és a politikai kommunikáció irodalmát szintetizálom az ajánlat, a politikus személye, a napirendi témák és a nyelvi keretezések kapcsolatának értelmezésével. Amellett érvelek, hogy a csere tárgyának meghatározása révén válik definiálhatóvá a politikai marketing tevékenység. Bemutatok egy 2000 fős online kérdőíves megkérdezést, amit a 2022-es országgyűlési választás előtti másfél hétben hajtottam végre, és segítségével az itt megjelenő politikai termékek szerepét elemzem. A vitairat következtetése, hogy napjaink politikai termékeinek az elsődleges célja az identitásépítés, melynek következménye a választók megosztása, így a politikai marketing területén történő elméletalkotásban központi feladatnak tekinthetjük a törzsi marketing iskola alkalmazási lehetőségeinek feltérképezését.
Vulnerability of the Neonatal Connectome following Postnatal Stress
Authors: Lammertink Femke , Benders Manon J.N.L. , Hermans Erno J. , Tataranno Maria L. , Dudink Jeroen , Vinkers Christiaan H. , van den Heuvel Martijn P.
Published: November 2022

Stress following preterm birth can disrupt the emerging foundation of the neonatal brain. The current study examined how structural brain development is affected by a stressful early environment and whether changes in topological architecture at term-equivalent age could explain the increased vulnerability for behavioral symptoms during early childhood. Longitudinal changes in structural brain connectivity were quantified using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography in preterm born infants (gestational age <28 weeks), imaged at 30 and/or 40 weeks of gestation (N= 145, 43.5% female). A global index of postnatal stress was determined based on the number of invasive procedures during hospitalization (e.g., heel lance). Higher stress levels impaired structural connectivity growth in a subnetwork of 48 connections (p= 0.003), including the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex. Findings were replicated in an independent validation sample (N= 123, 39.8% female,n= 91 with follow-up). Classifying infants into vulnerable and resilient based on having more or less internalizing symptoms at two to five years of age (n= 71) revealed lower connectivity in the hippocampus and amygdala for vulnerable relative to resilient infants (p< 0.001). Our findings suggest that higher stress exposure during hospital admission is associated with slower growth of structural connectivity. The preservation of global connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus might reflect a stress-buffering or resilience-enhancing factor against a stressful early environment and early-childhood internalizing symptoms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe preterm brain is exposed to various external stimuli following birth. The effects of early chronic stress on neonatal brain networks and the remarkable degree of resilience are not well understood. The current study aims to provide an increased understanding of the impact of postnatal stress on third-trimester brain development and describe the topological architecture of a resilient brain. We observed a sparser neonatal brain network in infants exposed to higher postnatal stress. Limbic regulatory regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, may play a key role as crucial convergence sites of protective factors. Understanding how stress-induced alterations in early brain development might lead to brain (re)organization may provide essential insights into resilient functioning.
The Politicization of Regulatory Science: Science Transparency at the Trump Administration’s EPA
Authors: Zappacosta Rose , Taylor Casey L.
Published: November 2022

In this case study, we explore the Trump Administration’s 2018 “Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science” rule and investigate it as an example of the politics associated with how science is used in the regulatory process in the United States. Publicly, the administration claimed the rule would improve data and scientific quality, as well as lead to greater transparency in regulatory decisions made by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rule’s many critics, including many scientific organizations and environmental groups, argued instead however that the rule was politically motivated, and only the latest attempt of many by regulated industries to interfere in the EPA’s use of science in its regulatory analysis and decision-making. They argued the true goal of the rule was instead to impede the agency’s mission by restricting its use of key public health studies and slowing its operations. The rule, which took effect in January 2021, was quickly vacated when the Biden Administration took office. Although this rule is no longer in place, it provides an illustrative example of the complicated relationship between politics and science, as well as of a political strategy often used by industry actors and political conservatives to avoid environmental regulations.
Internal Migration to Yucatán, Mexico: Moving for Security
Authors: Mattiace Shannan , Nonnenmacher Tomas
Published: November 2022

Between 2000 and 2020, over one-third of the population increase of Yucatán’s capital city, Mérida, was due to the increase in the population born in another state in Mexico. Compared to the rest of Mexico and to Yucatán’s historical patterns, the growth in the out-of-state population during this time period has been unusual and dramatic. We focus on one explanation for this growth: the increase in criminal violence and insecurity in the rest of Mexico that has made Yucatán an attractive destination for Mexicans seeking safe spaces to work, raise their families, and retire. Migration-policy specialists, the media, and scholars often focus their attention on Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs), who are forcibly displaced from their homes in contexts of generalized violence. Although migrants to Yucatán cite security concerns more than migrants to any other state, few come from states in which IDPs have been documented. We broadly define migrants seeking safety from criminal insecurity and violence as security migrants and argue that using this broader definition describes migrants to Yucatán more accurately than IDPs.
Diagnostic yield of a multigene sequencing approach in children classified as idiopathic short stature
Authors: Andrade Nathalia Liberatoscioli Menezes , Funari Mariana Ferreira de Assis , Malaquias Alexsandra Christianne , Collett-Solberg Paulo Ferrez , Gomes Nathalia L R A , Scalco Renata , Dantas Naiara Castelo Branco , Rezende Raissa C , Tiburcio Angelica M F P , Souza Micheline A R , Freire Bruna L , Krepischi Ana C V , Longui Carlos Alberto , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Arnhold Ivo J P , Jorge Alexander A L , Vasques Gabriela Andrade
Published: November 2022

Objective

Most children with short stature remain without an etiologic diagnosis after extensive clinical and laboratory evaluation and are classified as idiopathic short stature (ISS). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of a multigene analysis in children classified as ISS.

Design and methods

We selected 102 children with ISS and performed the genetic analysis as part of the initial investigation. We developed customized targeted panel sequencing, including all genes already implicated in the isolated short-stature phenotype. Rare and deleterious single nucleotide or copy number variants were assessed by bioinformatic tools.

Results

We identified 20 heterozygous pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) genetic variants in 17 of 102 patients (diagnostic yield = 16.7%). Three patients had more than one P/LP genetic alteration. Most of the findings were in genes associated with the growth plate differentiation: IHH (n  = 4), SHOX (n  = 3), FGFR3 (n  = 2), NPR2 (n  = 2), ACAN (n  = 2), and COL2A1 (n  = 1) or involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway: NF1 (n  = 2), PTPN11 (n  = 1), CBL (n  = 1), and BRAF (n  = 1). None of these patients had clinical findings to guide a candidate gene approach. The diagnostic yield was higher among children with severe short stature (35% vs 12.2% for height SDS ≤ or > −3; P = 0.034). The genetic diagnosis had an impact on clinical management for four children.

Conclusion

A multigene sequencing approach can determine the genetic etiology of short stature in up to one in six children with ISS, removing the term idiopathic from their clinical classification.
Morfometría de paramfistomidos en fresco (Trematoda: Digenea) recolectados del Centro de Beneficio Municipal de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Cueva-Rodríguez Medali , Torrel Pajares Severino , Mejía Risco Flor , Vargas-Rocha Luis
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las dimensiones morfológicas de paramfistomidos adultos recolectados en el Centro de Beneficio Municipal de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en setiembre de 2017. Se seleccionaron 40 parásitos adultos de tamaño uniforme a los cuales se les sometió a ovoposición usando las técnicas de Dinnik y Dinnik modificada. Se seleccionaron al azar 30 huevos. A la evaluación, el parásito adulto en estado fresco presenta un color rojizo, más intenso en los extremos anterior y posterior, con cuerpo cónico y curvado ventralmente. Los especímenes midieron 8.85 mm de largo, 2.27 mm de ancho, 0.32 mm ventosa anterior y 0.60 mm ventosa posterior y las dimensiones de los huevos fueron de 126.91 µm de largo por 63.7 µm de ancho. Los valores obtenidos pertenecen a un parásito de la familia Paramphistomidae, compatibles con Calicophoron microbothrioides.
Rentabilidad de la engorda de corderos alojados en corrales elevados y a nivel del suelo en el sureste de México
Authors: Muñoz-Osorio Germani Adrián , Góngora-Pérez Rubén Darío , Ek-Mex Jesús Enrique , Vázquez-Martínez Ignacio , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino
Published: November 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la rentabilidad de la engorda de corderos bajo dos tipos de alojamiento en el trópico subhúmedo de México. Se analizaron datos de parámetros productivos y costos de producción de 32 corderos, 16 alojados en corrales elevados y 16 en corrales a nivel del suelo, para determinar la relación costo-beneficio y la rentabilidad. La relación costo-beneficio y la rentabilidad en crianza en corrales elevados fueron superior en comparación con la crianza en corrales a nivel del suelo.
Comportamiento sexual y cópula de machos castrados en la inducción de la ovulación en alpacas
Authors: Urviola S. Jesús , Leyva V. Víctor , Mamani N. Rubén , Pérez G. Uri , Urviola G. Adriana
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del proceso del comportamiento sexual de la cópula con machos castrados (G1) en la inducción de la ovulación, comparando con el mismo efecto de machos vasectomizados (G2) y el efecto de la aplicación de plasma seminal (G3) en el útero en 45 alpacas con folículo preovulatorio ≥7 mm de diámetro, distribuidas (n=15) al azar en cada grupo experimental. La ocurrencia de ovulación se estimó el día 4 poscópula mediante receptividad sexual (aceptación o rechazo) al macho y verificada el día 7 y 11 con la detección del cuerpo lúteo (CL) vía ecografía transrectal. En G1, se determinó la secreción de plasma seminal los días -1, 15, 17 y 21 de la castración. Las fases del comportamiento sexual en el empadre controlado fueron similares entre G1 y G2. El día 4 poscópula una hembra de G1 había ovulado. En el día 7, la tasa de ovulación determinada por la presencia de cuerpo lúteo y receptividad sexual fue mayor (p<0.05) en G2 (93.3%) que en G1 (26.7%) y G3 (20%). En el día 11 todas las hembras volvieron a ser receptivas del macho, observándose CL en regresión. El volumen de plasma seminal en G1 disminuyó (p<0.01) de 1.2 a 0.4 ml. El estudio muestra que los machos castrados, evaluados 21 días poscastración, exhiben las fases del comportamiento sexual: cortejo, monta, erección con movimiento semi circular del pene, penetración y copulación, con mínima secreción (0.4 ml) de plasma seminal, pero sin eyaculado de semen, induciendo la ovulación en 27% de las hembras.
Detección de genes de resistencia antimicrobiana en aislados de Escherichia coli de cerdos de producción con cuadros diarreicos
Authors: Escalante E. Diana , Montalvo A. Katherine , Alvarez V. Luis , Surco L. Roger , Palomino Farfán Joel , Calle E. Sonia , Siuce M. Juan
Published: November 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo la detección de los genes de resistencia a los antibióticos en aislados de Escherichia coli obtenidos de cerdos con cuadros diarreicos granjas tecnificadas de Lima Metropolitana desde 2017 hasta 2020. Se evaluaron 119 aislados de E. coli. Los aislados fueron reactivados para extraer el ADN y detectar los genes de resistencia a los principales antibióticos y de mayor importancia en la industria porcina, tales como las tetraciclinas (tetA, tetB y tetC), sulfonamidas (sul1, sul2 y sul3), estreptomicina-espectinomicina (strA/strB, aadA) y apramicina (aac(3)IV) mediante la Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa (PCR) convencional. El 98.3% (117/119) de los aislados fueron positivos a por lo menos un gen de resistencia antimicrobiana, especialmente al grupo de las tetraciclinas (88.2%). De los 10 genes de resistencia antimicrobiana considerados, el gen tetA tuvo la frecuencia más alta (68%; 81/119), seguido del gen sul3 (64.7%; 77/119). El elevado porcentaje de genes de resistencia antimicrobiana indica una realidad a la problemática de la resistencia bacteriana contra los antimicrobianos en la zona del estudio, de allí la importancia de la vigilancia y el correcto uso de los antibióticos.
Who is suffering gender-based violence in Ukraine? A snapshot of domestic violence during war and a global pandemic
Authors:   Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology Sam Houston State University 816, 17th Str., Huntsville, TX 77304, USA, Iesue L. , Lozovska O. ,   Department of Psychology California State University, Northridge 18111, Nordhoff Str., Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Timmer A. ,   Department of Criminology and Justice Studies California State University – Northridge 18111, Nordhoff Str., Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Jawaid A. ,   Institute of Experimental Biology 3, Pasteur Str., Warszawa, 02-093, Poland
Published: November 2022

Research has shown that the risk for violent victimisation, including various forms of abuse and sexual violence, is high among individuals forced to leave their homes due to wars, humanitarian emergencies, and violent conflicts. Unfortunately, little is known about such critical issue as domestic violence within the home, as most research on humanitarian crises covers violence outside the home. Given that the home remains one of the most dangerous places for vulnerable individuals during wartime, it is crucial to address who is most vulnerable to becoming a victim of domestic violence in current war-torn societies such as Ukraine. Further, it is imperative to understand the characteristics of domestic violence at the “intersection” of war and a global pandemic. We use primary, self-reported survey data from an international research project entitled “A Cross-National Study of the Global Pandemic, Deviance and Health” to provide a snapshot of domestic violence in the current Ukrainian society and analyse the characteristics of self-reported domestic violence, both psychological and physical, which has been taking place during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and a global pandemic. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: What are the levels of domestic violence (both physical and psychological abuse) when it happens at the time of “intersection” between war and a pandemic? Who is the most likely to become a victim of domestic violence in this unique situation? Results from logistic regression models reveal that, compared to single individuals in Ukraine, people who cohabitate with their partners are at a higher risk of psychological abuse, while being married emerges as a “protective” factor against physical abuse. Additionally, having a higher SES significantly reduces the risk of psychological abuse from an intimate partner. Notably, in contrast with prior research, our results show that men’s odds of experiencing physical abuse are higher. Explanations for these unique findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.