bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced amplified spontaneous emission of CsPbBr3 quantum dots via gold nanorods-induced localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Xiao Hongbin , Liu Zhengzheng , Qian Qingkai , Du Juan , Li Ru , Zang Zhigang
Published: November 2022

Incorporating metallic nanostructures into a cesium lead halide [CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I)] perovskite system has attracted considerable attention for improving the performance of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing. However, the ASE/lasing threshold is normally quite high since the photophysical properties of pristine CsPbX3 quantum dots (QDs) are limited and the traditionally utilized metal nanoparticles suffer from a weak localized surface plasmon resonance within a narrow spectral range. Herein, a configuration of a silica coated CsPbBr3 QDs (CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs) film incorporated with the deposition of gold nanorods (AuNRs) underneath has been proposed for high-performance ASE. In this configuration, SiO2 coating not only serves as an insulation layer to avoid the large Ohmic loss between CsPbBr3 and Au but also contributes to improved photoluminescence quantum yield and stability against water, heat, and ultraviolet light compared to the counterparts of pristine CsPbBr3 QDs. As a result, the fabricated CsPbBr3@SiO2-AuNRs hybrid film yields a low-threshold ASE (23.6 μJ/cm2) with excellent photostability owing to efficient exciton–plasmon coupling effect, which is only 23% of the pristine CsPbBr3 QDs film (102 μJ/cm2). The demonstration of metallic NRs coupled perovskite QDs not only provides a strategy for realizing strong light–matter interactions but also paves the way for improving the performance of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Parallel generation and coding of a terahertz pulse train
Authors: Nkeck Joel Edouard , Béliveau Louis-Philip , Ropagnol Xavier , Deslandes Dominic , Morris Denis , Blanchard François
Published: November 2022

The generation and coding of multi-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses offer interesting possibilities, such as frequency comb spectroscopy or ultra-fast packet communication. In contrast to the radio frequency domain, which has largely exploited packet communication, this research area is almost unexplored at THz frequencies. Indeed, because of the lack of fast modulation and detection methods at THz frequencies, current developments often rely on hybrid techniques mixing photonics and ultrafast electronics. Here, we present a method for the generation and modulation of a coded THz pulse train. Our scheme is based on the combination of a spintronic THz emitter (STE) with an echelon mirror and a digital micromirror device. This highly scalable configuration is capable of modulating a hundred or more THz pulses in parallel with sub-picosecond accuracy. Strikingly, the temporal resolution of our modulation scheme depends on geometric optics and not on a high-speed electronic device. Furthermore, our scheme confirms the ability of STEs to generate quasi-continuous THz pulses and offers a new photonic solution on dynamic THz pulse train control.
Analysis of the cavitation instabilities with time-resolved stereo and multiplane particle image velocimetry
Authors: Long Kunpeng , Ge Mingming , Bayeul-Lainé Annie-Claude , Coutier-Delgosha Olivier
Published: November 2022

The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the various instabilities of cavitation attached to a two-dimensional (2D) profile. Time resolved stereo particle image velocimetry was conducted in a small-scale 2D Venturi type section, in different vertical planes in the streamwise direction, located at varying positions in the depth of the channel. These experiments enabled to obtain the time evolution of the three components of the velocity field in the cavitation area and to derive the time-averaged gradients in the spanwise direction. Test cases at various Reynolds numbers were conducted, maintaining either the pressure or the cavitation number constant, to discuss the impact of these parameters on the flow. Then, attention was focused on three distinct flow dynamics, namely, sheet cavitation, where no large-scale instability can be detected, single cloud cavitation, where a large cloud of vapor is shed periodically at the rear of the cavity, and multi-cloud cavitation, where the process is more complex, as more than one clouds are shed downstream. Data reveal that the structure and the structure of the re-entrant jet, which is one of the primary mechanisms of cloud cavitation, are more complex than reported in the previous studies. Although the jet can be detected as an intermittent low speed reverse flow in the streamwise direction, it is actually made of successive vortices about the channel depth, which are convected downstream while expanding in the vertical direction, causing the cavity lift and, thus, contributing to its final split and the cloud shedding.
Energy harnessing of multiple semi-active flapping ellipses in V-shape formation
Authors: Gong Lingyun , Zhu Hongbo , Huan Caiyun , Bao Yan , Zhou Dai , Han Zhaolong , Ng Bing Feng
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional numerical simulations based on an immersed boundary method are performed for the two-foil system with varying spacings, and a staggered arrangement with a spacing normalized by chord length (Xd/D,Yd/D)=(2.0,2.5) is found to be the most favorable for energy harnessing with the efficiency enhancement of nearly 40% for the downstream foil. By scrutinizing the mean flow characteristics and the instantaneous wake dynamics, it is revealed that convective flow acceleration and vortex impingement in synchronized timing with foil motion are the two primary mechanisms that contribute to significant efficiency improvement. Based on the staggered arrangement for the two-foil system, a V-shape formation is further proposed for the multiple-foil system and verified with the highest efficiency of energy harnessing up to nearly twice that of a single foil.
Liquid cell electrochemical TEM: Unveiling the real-time interfacial reactions of advanced Li-metal batteries
Authors: Zhou Shiyuan , Zheng Qizheng , Tang Shi , Sun Shi-Gang , Liao Hong-Gang
Published: November 2022

Li metal batteries (LMBs) reveal great application prospect in next-generation energy storage, because of their high energy density and low electrochemical potential, especially when paired with elemental sulfur and oxygen cathodes. Complex interfacial reactions have long been a big concern because of the elusive formation/dissolution of Li metal at the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which leads to battery degradation under practical operating conditions. To precisely track the reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, in the past ten years, high spatio–temporal resolution, in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (EC-TEM) has been developed. A preliminary understanding of the structural and chemical variation of Li metal during nucleation/growth and SEI layer formation has been obtained. In this perspective, we give a brief introduction of liquid cell development. Then, we comparably discuss the different configurations of EC-TEM based on open-cell and liquid-cell, and focus on the recent advances of liquid-cell EC-TEM and its investigation in the electrodes, electrolytes, and SEI. Finally, we present a perspective of liquid-cell EC-TEM for future LMB research.
Nongeneric structural-relaxation shape of supercooled liquids: Insights from linear and nonlinear experiments on propylene glycol
Authors: Moch Kevin , Münzner Philipp , Gainaru Catalin , Böhmer Roland
Published: November 2022

Currently, there is a debate whether the structural relaxation of polar liquids is more faithfully reflected (i) by the generically shaped response detected by dynamic light scattering or rather (ii) by the slower, more stretched, system-dependent susceptibility response recorded by dielectric spectroscopy. In this work, nonlinearly induced transients probing structural relaxation reveal that near the glass transition, alternative (ii) is appropriate for propylene glycol. Results from shear rheology and from calorimetry corroborate this finding, underscoring the previously advanced notion (Moch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 228001, 2022) that the reorientationally probed structural susceptibility of viscous liquids displays a nongeneric spectral shape.
Eye drift during fixation predicts visual acuity
Authors: Clark Ashley M. , Intoy Janis , Rucci Michele , Poletti Martina
Published: November 2022

Visual acuity is commonly assumed to be determined by the eye optics and spatial sampling in the retina. Unlike a camera, however, the eyes are never stationary during the acquisition of visual information; a jittery motion known as ocular drift incessantly displaces stimuli over many photoreceptors. Previous studies have shown that acuity is impaired in the absence of retinal image motion caused by eye drift. However, the relation between individual drift characteristics and acuity remains unknown. Here, we show that a) healthy emmetropes exhibit a large variability in their amount of drift and that b) these differences profoundly affect the structure of spatiotemporal signals to the retina. We further show that c) the spectral distribution of the resulting luminance modulations strongly correlates with individual visual acuity and that d) natural intertrial fluctuations in the amount of drift modulate acuity. As a consequence, in healthy emmetropes, acuity can be predicted from the motor behavior elicited by a simple fixation task, without directly measuring it. These results shed new light on how oculomotor behavior contributes to fine spatial vision.
Direct measurement of the evolution of magnetism and superconductivity toward the quantum critical point
Authors: Higemoto Wataru , Yokoyama Makoto , Ito Takashi U. , Suzuki Taiga , Raymond Stéphane , Yanase Youichi
Published: November 2022

Nontrivial quantum states can be realized in the vicinity of the quantum critical point (QCP) in many strongly correlated electron systems. In particular, an emergence of unconventional superconductivity around the QCP strongly suggests that the quantum critical fluctuations play a central role in the superconducting pairing mechanism. However, a clear signature of the direct coupling between the superconducting pairing states and the quantum criticality has not yet been elucidated by the microscopic probes. Herein, we present muon spin rotation/relaxation and neutron diffraction measurements in the superconducting dome of CeCo(In

1 − 
x

Zn

x

)
5
. It was found that a magnetically ordered state develops at
x
≥ 0.03, coexisting with the superconductivity. The magnitude of the ordered magnetic moment is continuously reduced with decreasing
x
, and it disappears below
x
∼ 0.03, indicating a second-order phase transition and the presence of the QCP at this critical Zn concentration. Furthermore, the magnetic penetration depth diverges toward the QCP. These facts provide evidence for the intimate coupling between quantum criticality and Cooper pairing.
FoxO induces pupal diapause by decreasing TGFβ signaling
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Shuai , Wang Zheng-Hao , Li Wen-Sheng , Xu Wei-Hua
Published: November 2022

Diapause is a form of dormancy used widely by insects to survive adverse seasons. Previous studies have demonstrated that forkhead box O (FoxO) is activated during pupal diapause initiation in the moth
Helicoverpa armigera
. However, it is unclear how FoxO induces diapause. Here, we show that knockout of
FoxO
causes
H. armigera
diapause-destined pupae to channel into nondiapause, indicating that FoxO is a master regulator that induces insect diapause. FoxO activates the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by promoting ubiquitin c (Ubc) expression via directly binding to the
Ubc
promoter. Activated UPS decreases transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor signaling via ubiquitination to block developmental signaling to induce diapause. This study significantly advances the understanding of insect diapause by uncovering the detailed molecular mechanism of FoxO.
Early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by targeting toxic soluble Aβ oligomers
Authors: Habashi Maram , Vutla Suresh , Tripathi Kuldeep , Senapati Sudipta , Chauhan Pradeep S. , Haviv-Chesner Anat , Richman Michal , Mohand Samia-Ait , Dumulon-Perreault Véronique , Mulamreddy Ramakotaiah , Okun Eitan , Chill Jordan H. , Guérin Brigitte , Lubell William D. , Rahimipour Shai
Published: November 2022

Transient soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are toxic and accumulate early prior to insoluble plaque formation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synthetic cyclic D,L-α-peptides (e.g.,
1
) self-assemble into cross β-sheet nanotubes, react with early Aβ species (1-3 mers), and inhibit Aβ aggregation and toxicity in stoichiometric concentrations, in vitro. Employing a semicarbazide as an aza-glycine residue with an extra hydrogen-bond donor to tune nanotube assembly and amyloid engagement, [azaGly
6
]-
1
inhibited Aβ aggregation and toxicity at substoichiometric concentrations. High-resolution NMR studies revealed dynamic interactions between [azaGly
6
]-
1
and Aβ42 residues F19 and F20, which are pivotal for early dimerization and aggregation. In an AD mouse model, brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using stable
64
Cu-labeled (aza)peptide tracers gave unprecedented early amyloid detection in 44-d presymptomatic animals. No tracer accumulation was detected in the cortex and hippocampus of 44-d-old 5xFAD mice; instead, intense PET signal was observed in the thalamus, from where Aβ oligomers may spread to other brain parts with disease progression. Compared with standard
11
C-labeled Pittsburgh compound-B (
11
C-PIB), which binds specifically fibrillar Aβ plaques,
64
Cu-labeled (aza)peptide gave superior contrast and uptake in young mouse brain correlating with Aβ oligomer levels. Effectively crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), peptide
1
and [azaGly
6
]-
1
reduced Aβ oligomer levels, prolonged lifespan of AD transgenic
Caenorhabditis elegans
, and abated memory and behavioral deficits in nematode and murine AD models. Cyclic (aza)peptides offer novel promise for early AD diagnosis and therapy.
Deletion of
Jazf1
gene causes early growth retardation and insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Lee Hui-Young , Jang Hye Rim , Li Hui , Samuel Varman T. , Dudek Karrie D. , Osipovich Anna B. , Magnuson Mark A. , Sklar Jeffrey , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: November 2022

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 (
JAZF1
) gene have repeatedly been associated with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and height in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS); however, the mechanism by which JAZF1 causes these traits is not yet known. To investigate the possible functional role of JAZF1 in growth and glucose metabolism in vivo, we generated
Jazf1
knockout (KO) mice and examined body composition and insulin sensitivity both in young and adult mice by using
1
H-nuclear magnetic resonance and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp techniques. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were reduced in both young and adult
Jazf1
KO mice, and young
Jazf1
KO mice were shorter in stature than age-matched wild-type mice. Young
Jazf1
KO mice manifested reduced fat mass, whereas adult
Jazf1
KO mice manifested increased fat mass and reductions in lean body mass associated with increased plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations. Adult
Jazf1
KO manifested muscle insulin resistance that was further exacerbated by high-fat diet feeding. Gene set enrichment analysis in
Jazf1
KO liver identified the hepatocyte hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), which was decreased in
Jazf1
KO liver and in
JAZF1
knockdown cells. Moreover, GH-induced IGF-1 expression was inhibited by
JAZF1
knockdown in human hepatocytes. Taken together these results demonstrate that reduction of JAZF1 leads to early growth retardation and late onset insulin resistance in vivo which may be mediated through alterations in the GH-IGF-1 axis and HNF4α.
Human T cells recognize HLA-DP–bound peptides in two orientations
Authors: Klobuch Sebastian , Lim Jia Jia , van Balen Peter , Kester Michel G. D. , de Klerk Wendy , de Ru Arnoud H. , Pothast Cilia R. , Jedema Inge , Drijfhout Jan W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Reid Hugh H. , van Veelen Peter A. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M.
Published: November 2022

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules present small peptide antigens to T cells, thereby allowing them to recognize pathogen-infected and cancer cells. A central dogma over the last 50+ y is that peptide binding to HLA molecules is mediated by the docking of side chains of particular amino acids in the peptide into pockets in the HLA molecules in a conserved N- to C-terminal orientation. Whether peptides can be presented in a reversed C- to N-terminal orientation remains unclear. Here, we performed large-scale identification of peptides bound to HLA-DP molecules and observed that in addition to peptide binding in an N- to C-terminal orientation, in 9 out of 14 HLA-DP allotypes, reverse motifs are found, compatible with C- to N-terminal peptide binding. Moreover, we isolated high-avidity human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific HLA-DP–restricted CD4
+
T cells from the memory repertoire of healthy donors and demonstrate that such T cells recognized CMV-derived peptides bound to HLA-DPB1*01:01 or *05:01 in a reverse C- to N-terminal manner. Finally, we obtained a high-resolution HLA-DPB1*01:01-CMVpp65
(142–158)
peptide crystal structure, which is the molecular basis for C- to N-terminal peptide binding to HLA-DP. Our results point to unique features of HLA-DP molecules that substantially broaden the HLA class II bound peptide repertoire to combat pathogens and eliminate cancer cells.
Individuals prefer to harm their own group rather than help an opposing group
Authors: Gershon Rachel , Fridman Ariel
Published: November 2022

Group-based conflict enacts a severe toll on society, yet the psychological factors governing behavior in group conflicts remain unclear. Past work finds that group members seek to maximize relative differences between their in-group and out-group (“in-group favoritism”) and are driven by a desire to benefit in-groups rather than harm out-groups (the “in-group love” hypothesis). This prior research studies how decision-makers approach trade-offs between two net-positive outcomes for their in-group. However, in the real world, group members often face trade-offs between net-negative options, entailing either losses to their group or gains for the opposition. Anecdotally, under such conditions, individuals may avoid supporting their opponents even if this harms their own group, seemingly inconsistent with “in-group love” or a harm minimizing strategy. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, these circumstances have not been investigated. In six pre-registered studies, we find consistent evidence that individuals prefer to harm their own group rather than provide even minimal support to an opposing group across polarized issues (abortion access, political party, gun rights). Strikingly, in an incentive-compatible experiment, individuals preferred to subtract more than three times as much from their own group rather than support an opposing group, despite believing that their in-group is more effective with funds. We find that identity concerns drive preferences in group decision-making, and individuals believe that supporting an opposing group is less value-compatible than harming their own group. Our results hold valuable insights for the psychology of decision-making in intergroup conflict as well as potential interventions for conflict resolution.
Large-scale computerized forward reconstruction yields new perspectives in French diachronic phonology
Authors: Marr Clayton , Mortensen David
Published: November 2022

Traditionally, historical phonologists have relied on tedious manual derivations to sequence the sound changes that have shaped the phonological evolution of languages. However, humans are prone to errors, and cannot track thousands of parallel derivations in any efficient manner. We demonstrate computerized forward reconstruction (CFR), deriving each etymon in parallel, as a task with metrics to optimize, and as a tool which drastically facilitates inquiry. To this end we present DiaSim, an application which simulates “cascades” of diachronic developments over a language’s lexicon and provides various diagnostics for “debugging” those cascades. We test our method on a Latin-to-French reflex prediction task, using a newly compiled, publicly available dataset FLLex consisting of 1368 paired Latin and Modern French forms. We also introduce a second dataset, FLLAPS, which maps 310 reflexes from Latin through five attested intermediate stages up to Modern French, derived from Pope’s (1934) periodic development tables. We present publicly available rule cascades: the baseline BaseCLEF and BaseCLEF* cascades, based on Pope’s (1934) widely-cited view of French development, and DiaCLEF, made from incremental corrections to BaseCLEF aided by DiaSim’s diagnostics. DiaCLEF outperforms the baselines by large margins, improving raw accuracy on FLLex from 3.2% to 84.9% of etyma, with similarly large improvements for each of FLLAPS’ periods. Changes were made to build DiaCLEF considering only the baseline and DiaSim’s diagnostics, but they often independently reproduced past work in French diachronic phonology, corroborating both our procedure and past endeavors; we discuss the implications of some of our findings in detail.
Hong Kong Cantonese TV talk shows
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Zhu Daoning
Published: November 2022

This study examines how impoliteness is carried out through code-switching in the Hong Kong Cantonese television
talk show Sze U Tonight. Hong Kong is a modern and globalised Chinese society with a colonial background and is
currently part of China. This unique combination makes the norms that govern code-switching and impoliteness in talk shows worth
exploring. It is interesting to examine how the Hong Kong people express themselves through their language choices, especially
when this is put in the media for public viewing, situated in the context of semi-institutional conversations on a Hong Kong
television talk show. Using Spencer-Oatey’s (2002, 2008) rapport management framework, this paper discusses the forms and functions of code-switching that manifest as
impoliteness in the media of a multilingual Chinese society.
Impact of elocution task on the measurements of rhythmic patterns in Chilean Spanish
Authors: Larson Joseph Edward , Figueroa Mauricio A. , Pérez Hernán Emilio
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we put to the test the validity of the theory of isochrony using data from Chilean Spanish. Spanish has been historically classified as syllable-timed, meaning its basic unit of prosody is the syllable. However, recent studies have shown that different methods of elicitation can have a significant effect on rhythm metrics (i.e., Arvaniti 2012). The present study measured a series of rhythm metrics from samples of 30 native Chilean Spanish speakers producing spontaneous speech and reading aloud. Using MANOVA analyses, the study determined that method of elicitation had a significant effect on the metrics: while spontaneous speech tended to produce values indicative of accent-timed rhythm, reading aloud yielded values which placed them closer to the syllable-timed rhythm category. This study helps to contribute to the notion that speech rhythm is not necessarily determined by language, but rather that there are other relevant factors.
Construct Validity and Concordance of Clinician- and Patient-Rated DUNDRUM Programme Completion and Recovery Scales
Authors: Lam Austin A. , Penney Stephanie R. , Simpson Alexander I. F.
Published: November 2022

The DUNDRUM Programme Completion (D3) and Recovery (D4) scales present a promising approach to a recovery-oriented and collaborative method of assessing risk, need, and rehabilitative tasks in forensic settings. We collected clinician- ( n = 185) and patient- ( n = 118) rated D3 and D4 scores across three security levels (medium, minimum, and outpatient) in a large Canadian forensic service over a 12-month period. Results supported the construct validity of the D3 and D4, showing that clinician (D3 and D4) and patient (D4 only) ratings differed across inpatient and outpatient settings, with lower outpatient scores signaling greater progress in treatment and recovery goals. Only clinician-rated scores differed across patients with moves from higher to lower levels of therapeutic security to those with no movement over the study period. Concordance analyses revealed poor to modest agreement between clinician- and patient-rated item scores, with patient self-ratings observed to be more optimistic than their clinician counterparts. However, concordance strengthened as patients progressed from higher to lower levels of security and restriction. Current findings add to the literature on the feasibility of shared approaches to care planning, and provide validation data for the DUNDRUM scales as part of available tools in collaborative, recovery-oriented forensic care.
Strong supernovae bounds on ALPs from quantum loops
Authors: Z. Ferreira Ricardo , Marsh M.C. David , Müller Eike
Published: November 2022

We show that in theories of axionlike particles (ALPs) coupled to electrons at tree-level, the one-loop effective coupling to photons is process dependent: the effective coupling relevant for decay processes, gaγ

(D), differs significantly from the coupling appearing in the phenomenologically important Primakoff process, gaγ

(P). We show that this has important implications for the physics of massive ALPs in hot and dense environments, such as supernovae. We derive, as a consequence, new limits on the ALP-electron coupling, ĝae
, from SN 1987A by accounting for all relevant production processes, including one-loop processes, and considering bounds from excess cooling as well as the absence of an associated gamma-ray burst from ALP decays. Our limits are among the strongest to date for ALP masses in the range 0.03 MeV < ma
< 240 MeV. Moreover, we also show how cosmological bounds on the ALP-photon coupling translate into new, strong limits on ĝae
at one loop.
Our analysis emphasises that large hierarchies between ALP effective couplings are difficult to realise once quantum loops are taken into account.
A rewiring mechanism to improve synchronization in Kuramoto networks
Authors: Hossein Ghorban Samira , Hesaam Bardyaa , Sarbazi-Azad Hamid
Published: November 2022

The emergence of synchronization among a set of individual oscillators that are coupled in a network is an amazing physical phenomenon that appears in many different systems, from natural sciences to even human behavior. The phenomenon has attracted the attention of many researchers in many fields of science and engineering by the science behind its unique collective behavior without some kind of external organization. One of the most popular models for the dynamical evolution of coupled phase oscillators is the Kuramoto model, which gives a simple yet powerful formalization together with a numerical measure called the degree of synchronization. The crucial role of structural properties of the network on the degree of synchronization is analyzed in many researches. One of streamlines, well-known as ‘rewiring’, is to re-design the network structure via rearranging its links to increase or decrease the degree of synchronization. In this study, we propose a rewiring mechanism to improve the degree of synchronization for the coupled heterogeneous oscillators based on global and local information of networks. In our mechanism, the share of each link in the maximum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of the network is considered as local information, together with a global criteria which is defined based on frequencies and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the order parameter in a more stable manner.
Lithium-ion battery module-to-cell: disassembly and material analysis
Authors: Pražanová A , Míka M Havlík , Knap V
Published: November 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most popular energy storage systems. Due to their excellent performance, they are widely used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). The ever-increasing requirements for global carbon dioxide CO2 emission reduction inhibit the production of new combustion vehicles. Thus, the demand for EVs increases, as well as the number of spent LIBs. Due to increases in raw materials saving and reduction in energy and environmental impacts, recycling is one of the most promising solutions for end-of-life (EOL) treatment for spent LIBs. This work describes the first step in recycling the LIBs nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) based module from a full battery electric vehicle (BEV) holding its high recycling efficiency and considering the process costs and environmental impact. This paper is devoted to module-to-cell disassembly, discharge state characterization measurements, and material analysis of its components based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction (XRD).
Nanostructured innovative carbon-based materials modify electrodes and dramatically improve the efficiency of thin, flexible lithium batteries
Authors: Pustovalov Y , Shembel E , Kaszuba D , Redko V , Pastushkin T , Zaderey N , Polishchuk Yu , Markevich A , Sagirov I
Published: November 2022

Developed nanostructured innovative carbon materials (nano graphite) have a unique combination of properties. These include: high electronic conductivity, magnetic properties, high level adhesion and cohesion properties, low density. Using these properties of nano graphite allow fabricating the electrode for batteries without binder, and effectively modifying electrodes, which affect the mechanism of redox electrochemical processes. As a results, the energy, power and stability of the parameters of thin flexible lithium batteries increase.
The mullite nanofibers for electrotechnical applications
Authors: Kočí J , Míka M H , Klusoňová N
Published: November 2022

This paper is focused on the development and modification of inorganic refractory nanofibers for advanced applications, made from the most available ceramic raw materials (Al2O3 and SiO2) in the right proportion for crystallization of mullite, commonly used high-temperature material. The intention is to create a modifiable refractory material for use in electrotechnical applications as electrodes, separators, or a solid electrolyte in a new type of safe solid-state batteries. For these reasons, the nanofibers are modified with different conductive materials, for example different types of spinels. Spinels with the formula AB2O4, specifically CuCr2O4, have been studied due to their significant electrical and magnetic properties, that are suitable for their intended purposes.
Characterization of precursor sols for preparation of silica based nanofibers
Authors: Procházka V , Míka M Havlík , Kočí J
Published: November 2022

Objective of this study was to prepare and characterize electrospun silica-based nanofibers. The goal of this research was to create amorphous to semicrystalline nanofiber mats, which are easily modifiable and usable in electrochemical applications such as separators or electrodes in amorphous glass solid state batteries. We investigated stability and workability of precursor TEOS based sols, effect of sol ageing on fibre morphology and effect of modification on sol workability and spinnability. Sol-gel reaction mechanism and speed was investigated by liquid state 29Si NMR spectroscopy.
NYC FITNESSGRAM: Population-Level Physical Fitness Surveillance for New York City Youth
Authors: Day Sophia E , Konty Kevin J , Napier Melanie D , Irvin Erica , Thompson Hannah R , D’Agostino Emily M
Published: November 2022

NYC FITNESSGRAM, monitored by the New York City (NYC) Department of Education and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, functions as the NYC Department of Education’s citywide youth fitness surveillance program. Here we present the methods, characteristics, and data used in this surveillance system to monitor physical fitness in public school students (grades kindergarten through 12; initiated in 2006; n = 6,748,265 observations; mean sample of 519,097 observations per year to date) in New York, New York. Youth physical fitness prevalence estimates, longitudinal trends, and spatial analyses may be investigated using continuous fitness composite percentile scores and Cooper Institute for Aerobic Research–defined sex- and age-specific Healthy Fitness Zones. Healthy Fitness Zones are based on individual-child fitness test performance, with standard errors clustered at the school and student levels and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Results may be used to show trends in youth fitness attainment over time and highlight disparities in the fitness prevalence of NYC students. In sum, continuous fitness composite percentile scores offer the opportunity for prospective tracking of shifts in youth physical fitness on a population scale and across subpopulations. NYC FITNESSGRAM can accompany a growing body of surveillance tools demonstrating the potential for population-level surveillance tools to promote global public health.
Representing linguistic communicative functions in the premotor cortex
Authors: Chang Wenshuo , Wang Lihui , Yang Ruolin , Wang Xingchao , Gao Zhixian , Zhou Xiaolin
Published: November 2022

Linguistic communication is often regarded as an action that serves a function to convey the speaker's goal to the addressee. Here, with an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study and a lesion study, we demonstrated that communicative functions are represented in the human premotor cortex. Participants read scripts involving 2 interlocutors. Each script contained a critical sentence said by the speaker with a communicative function of either making a Promise, a Request, or a Reply to the addressee's query. With various preceding contexts, the critical sentences were supposed to induce neural activities associated with communicative functions rather than specific actions literally described by these sentences. The fMRI results showed that the premotor cortex contained more information, as revealed by multivariate analyses, on communicative functions and relevant interlocutors' attitudes than the perisylvian language regions. The lesion study results showed that, relative to healthy controls, the understanding of communicative functions was impaired in patients with lesions in the premotor cortex, whereas no reliable difference was observed between the healthy controls and patients with lesions in other brain regions. These findings convergently suggest the crucial role of the premotor cortex in representing the functions of linguistic communications, supporting that linguistic communication can be seen as an action.
Titian and textile
Authors: Jewitt James R
Published: November 2022

This essay presents the first critical overview of the collection and display of art objects acquired by the Venetian nobleman Andrea di Nicolò Loredan (1450–1513). It focuses on the decoration of three key sites maintained by the Loredan clan: the governor’s palace in Brescia, the location and contents of which are here identified for the first time; the Loredan palace on the Grand Canal in Venice; and the Loredan funerary chapel in the church of San Michele in Isola in the Venetian lagoon. Examination of Titian’s grandiose easel painting the ‘Flight into Egypt’ (c.1507), recently discovered to have played a crucial role within the Loredan palace, helps to elucidate the range of material and devotional agendas of the art possessed by Andrea. Critical reconstruction of the Loredan collection is achieved through fresh attention to archival records, and a little-known panegyric (1504) by the Brescian friar Martino Codagnello.
County-level geographic disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among US breast cancer survivors, 2000-2018
Authors: Ho Katherine L , Shiels Meredith S , Ramin Cody , Veiga Lene H S , Chen Yingxi , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Vo Jacqueline B
Published: November 2022

Background

Disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among breast cancer survivors are documented, but geographic factors by county-level socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality are not well described.

Methods

We analyzed 724 518 women diagnosed with localized or regional stage breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-18 with follow-up until 2018. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of cardiovascular disease mortality using Poisson regression, accounting for age- and race-specific rates in the general population, according to county-level quintiles of SES (measured by Yost index), median income, and rurality at breast cancer diagnosis. We also calculated 10-year cumulative mortality risk of cardiovascular disease accounting for competing risks.

Results

Cardiovascular disease mortality was 41% higher among breast cancer survivors living in the lowest SES (RR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 1.46, Ptrend < .001) and poorest (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.36 to 1.47, Ptrend < .001) counties compared with the highest SES and wealthiest counties, and 24% higher for most rural relative to most urban counties (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.30, Ptrend < .001). Disparities for the lowest SES relative to highest SES counties were greatest among younger women aged 18-49 years (RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.90 to 2.83) and aged 50-59 years (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.77 to 2.28) and within the first 5 years of breast cancer diagnosis (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.44 to 1.64). In absolute terms, however, disparities were widest for women aged 60+ years, with approximately 2% higher 10-year cumulative cardiovascular disease mortality risk in the poorest compared with wealthiest counties.

Conclusions

Geographic factors at breast cancer diagnosis were associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk. Studies with individual- and county-level information are needed to inform public health interventions and reduce disparities among breast cancer survivors.
The time evolution of bias
Authors: Einasto J , Liivamägi L J , Einasto M
Published: November 2022

We investigate the time evolution of bias of cosmic density fields. We perform numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. The simulations cover a wide range of box sizes $L=256\rm{-}1024\,h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$, and epochs from very early moments z = 30 to the present moment z = 0. We calculate spatial correlation functions of galaxies, ξ(r), using dark matter particles of the biased Lambda cold dark mattter (ΛCDM) simulation. We analyse how these functions describe biasing properties of the evolving cosmic web. We find that for all cosmic epochs the bias parameter, defined through the ratio of correlation functions of selected samples and matter, depends on two factors: the fraction of matter in voids and in the clustered population, and the luminosity (mass) of galaxy samples. Gravity cannot evacuate voids completely, thus there is always some unclustered matter in voids, and the bias parameter of galaxies is always greater than unity, over the whole range of evolution epochs. We find that for all cosmic epochs bias parameter values form regular sequences, depending on galaxy luminosity (particle density limit), and decreasing with time.
Outer disc edge: properties of low-frequency aperiodic variability in ultracompact interacting binaries
Authors: Veresvarska M , Scaringi S
Published: November 2022

Flickering, and more specifically aperiodic broad-band variability, is an important phenomenon used in understanding the geometry and dynamics of accretion flows. Although the inner regions of accretion flows are known to generate variability on relatively fast time-scales, the broad-band variability generated in the outer regions has mostly remained elusive due to its long intrinsic variability time-scales. Ultracompact AM CVn systems are relatively small when compared to other accreting binaries and are well suited to search and characterize low-frequency variability. Here, we present the first low-frequency power spectral analysis of the ultracompact accreting white dwarf system SDSS J1908+3940. The analysis reveals a low-frequency break at ∼6.8 × 10−7 Hz in the time-averaged power spectrum as well as a second higher frequency component with characteristic frequency of ∼1.3 × 10−4 Hz. We associate both components with the viscous time-scales within the disc through empirical fits to the power spectrum as well as analytical fits using the fluctuating accretion disc model. Our results show that the low-frequency break can be associated with the outer disc regions of a geometrically thin accretion flow. The detection of the low-frequency break in SDSS J1908+3940 provides a precedent for further detection of similar features in other ultracompact accreting systems. More importantly, it provides a new observable that can help constrain simulations of accretion flows.
Assessing the physical reality of Milky Way open cluster candidates
Authors: Piatti Andrés E , Illesca Denis M F , Massara Agustina A , Chiarpotti Matías , Roldán Daiana , Morón Micaela , Bazzoni Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

We report results on the analysis of 11 new Milky Way open cluster candidates, recently discovered from the detection of stellar overdensities in the Vector Point diagram, by employing Xtreme deconvolution Gaussian mixture models. We treated these objects as real open clusters and derived their fundamental properties with their associated intrinsic dispersions by exploring the parameter space through the minimization of likelihood functions on the generated synthetic colour–magnitude diagrams. The intrinsic dispersions of the resulting ages turned out to be much larger than those usually obtained for open clusters. Indeed, they resemble the ages and metallicities of composite star field populations. We also traced their stellar number density profiles and mass functions and derived their total masses and Jacobi and tidal radii, which helped us as criteria while assessing their physical nature as real open clusters. Because the 11 candidates show a clear gathering of stars in the proper-motion plane and some hint for similar distances, we concluded that they are possibly sparse groups of stars.
Searching for ring-like structures in the cosmic microwave background
Authors: López M , Bonizzi P , Driessens K , Koekoek G , de Vries J A , Westra R
Published: November 2022

In this research, we present an alternative methodology to search for ring-like structures in the sky with unusually large temperature gradients, namely, Hawking points (HPs), in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which are possible observational effects associated with Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC). To assess the performance of our method, we constructed an artificial data set of HP, according to CCC, and we were able to retrieve $95 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of ring-like anomalies from it. Furthermore, we scanned the Planck CMB sky map and compared it to simulations according to ΛCDM, where we applied robust statistical tests to assess the existence of HP. Even though no significant ring-like structures were observed, we report the largest excess of HP candidates found at α =1 per cent significance level for the analysed sky maps (CMB at 70GHz, SEVEM, SMICA, and Commander-Ruler), and we stress the need to continue the theoretical and experimental research in this direction.
Modelling the galaxy–halo connection with semi-recurrent neural networks
Authors: Chittenden Harry George , Tojeiro Rita
Published: November 2022

We present an artificial neural network design in which past and present-day properties of dark matter haloes and their local environment are used to predict time-resolved star formation histories and stellar metallicity histories of central and satellite galaxies. Using data from the IllustrisTNG simulations, we train a tensorflow-based neural network with two inputs: a standard layer with static properties of the dark matter halo, such as halo mass and starting time; and a recurrent layer with variables such as overdensity and halo mass accretion rate, evaluated at multiple time steps from 0 ≤ z ≲ 20. The model successfully reproduces key features of the galaxy halo connection, such as the stellar-to-halo mass relation, downsizing, and colour bimodality, for both central and satellite galaxies. We identify mass accretion history as crucial in determining the geometry of the star formation history and trends with halo mass such as downsizing, while environmental variables are important indicators of chemical enrichment. We use these outputs to compute optical spectral energy distributions, and find that they are well matched to the equivalent results in IllustrisTNG, recovering observational statistics such as colour bimodality and mass–magnitude diagrams.
Military Psychology
Authors: Kumar Updesh , Mukherjee Swati
Published: November 2022

Military psychology is a specialized field of applied psychology that defines itself not through its subject content or methodological concerns, rather through its goal of optimally fulfilling the requirements of its end user, the armed forces. It is a distinctive domain where varied sub-disciplines of psychology converge in pursuance of ensuring efficiency, effectiveness, and sustained performance by the armed forces in specific contexts and under exceptional circumstances. It is focused on building, enhancing, and optimizing the human capital. Though psychological principles have always been used by humankind in warfare, military psychology as a modern discipline found expression as recently as the First World War. Remarkably, the relationship between military and psychology has been almost symbiotic, the two growing in tandem and benefitting mutually. While the German military was a pioneer in utilizing the expertise of psychologists in the war effort, using aptitude testing for recruitment into different occupation, during the First World War, utilization of psychological expertise by Britain and France remained limited. After entering the First World War in 1917 the United States effectively utilized psychological knowledge in recruitment, classification, and training. Large-scale use of psychology gave impetus to the growth of psychology and resulted in the establishment of the Division of Psychology in the office of the Surgeon General of the US Army in 1917. Psychology in the military grew exponentially during the years of the Second World War. Psychologists were recruited in various branches of the armed forces, overseeing personnel selection, health care, training, proficiency measurement, and leadership. The American Psychological Association recognized the contributions of psychology to the war effort by including the Division of Military Psychology (Division 19) as a formal sub-division in 1945. The psychologists gained a formal entry in the British civil services during the postwar period. As the world settled into an uneasy peace and a Cold War, military psychology found ever newer avenues. While ensuring person-job fit remained a prime domain, clinical intervention, human factor engineering, leadership, propaganda, and other social processes provided military psychologists with new research opportunities. In the current era of techno-centric warfare, military psychology is finding applications in varied domains of optimizing man-machine interface for enhanced operational efficiency, enhancing cognitive capabilities through artificial intelligence supported decision networks and an improved understanding of personality processes. Also, as the changing nature of warfare necessitates that the nations find alternative ways of securing their interests beyond war, military psychology today stands at a juncture facing not only methodological challenges, but also unprecedented challenges of an ethical nature.