bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The university in contemporary South Africa: Commodification, corporatisation, complicity, and crisis
Authors: Badat Saleem
Published: November 2024

Post-1994, the arc of university development in South Africa has resulted in commodified, corporatised, crisis-ridden universities, as part of the wider crisis of the South African political economy under neo-liberal hegemony. I illustrate the different dimensions of the crisis and offer some ideas on a different future for universities that breaks with their current dubious trajectories. I argue that important as they are, renewed and transformed universities will not come into being through intellectual, epistemological, and theoretical work alone, unless such work is itself part of political struggle and connects with political action and struggles by individuals and social groups committed to a different kind of society predicated on logics other than the destructive and dehumanising ones of contemporary neo-liberal capitalism.
"We're going to sit with a generation [of learners] who cannot even construct a CV because they can't bloody read": Reading interventions by English teachers
Authors: Denton Chané , Romylos Salomé , Uys Matthys Johannes
Published: November 2024

Teaching reading skills is one of the most intricate tasks expected of teachers. This is especially true since the COVID-19 pandemic because of the decline in Grade 4 learners' reading comprehension levels. The Department of Basic Education indicated that the 2021 PIRLS report revealed that 81% of South African Grade 4 learners struggle to read with comprehension in their home language. This hinders Intermediate Phase learners' ability to transition effectively from learning to read to reading to learn, given that they must start acquiring subject-specific knowledge. In this article, we explore how English Home Language (EHL) and English First Additional Language (EFAL) Intermediate Phase teachers have been teaching reading since the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an interpretivist qualitative research approach with a phenomenological research design, we determined the reading teaching practices used by EHL and EFAL Intermediate Phase teachers to teach reading.
Optimising school leadership development for 21st-century learning: An in-depth analysis of South African private secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Naidoo Michael Dean Edmund
Published: November 2024

There have been significant and rapid improvements in information and communication technology (ICT) since the early 1990s. Subsequent global changes have increased with the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and have dictated pedagogical transformation. Many countries have moved from traditional approaches of education to 21st-century Learning (21CL). 21CL is ICT-aligned, inquiry-based, and includes the development of affective abilities. School leadership influences all structures and individuals directly in a school. It has the potential to be one of the cornerstones of the paradigm shift to 21CL. I investigated how school leadership is developed to facilitate 21CL and how it can be improved. I required quantitative and qualitative data to achieve the research objectives. Therefore, I adopted a mixed methods research approach that is underpinned by the positivist and interpretivist paradigms. I used a case study design. The data collection methods I employed were questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group interviews. Phase one of the research involved the quantitative data collection from twenty-five schools, of which five schools were purposely sampled for the second qualitative phase. The use of transformational leadership, strategic leadership, system leadership, and ecological leadership in enacting 21CL featured prominently in the reviewed literature. However, the research findings show that, largely, these four leadership theories were not incorporated in leadership development in South Africa. The results also show that school leadership development specifically designed for 21CL, was limited. The leadership training that is available focused more on administrative tasks instead of on leadership theories and skills to facilitate 21CL. I recommend that further research be conducted in both private and public schools in other South African provinces.
Jacaranda rain – a South African story (Book Review)
Authors: Fourie Jennie
Published: November 2024

Jacaranda rain - a South African story Hettema, Joan, 2019 Self-published, Pretoria, ISBN-13: 9781980735885, ISBN-10: 1980735883 Memory fades, memory adjusts, memory conforms to what we think we remember. Joan Didion, The year of magical thinking (2005). Joan Hettema's Jacaranda rain - a South African story is a deeply personal account that intertwines the author's life with the rich tapestry of South African history. In this self-published work, Hettema skilfully navigates through her memories, vividly portraying her experiences growing up in Pretoria alongside the backdrop of significant historical events.
Análise bibliométrica das ações em organizações de catadores de resíduos durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Silva Claudenice Paulino da , Sobrinho Maurício Motta , Passos Rodrigo Cândido , Guedes Flávio Leôncio
Published: November 2024

In December 2019, the warning of a contagious virus (coronavirus) in Hubei province, China, brought numerous challenges to the world's population. The disease SARS-COV-2, or COVID-19, spread gradually throughout the globe, being the virus transmitted mainly between humans through respiratory droplets and contact routes, among others. The primary way to protect against the virus is through using respiratory masks, mostly disposable, which require new measures and actions for the recycling sector and waste management of waste organizations. This article analyzes the scientific production of protocols and actions directed to organizations of waste pickers to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used the bibliometric analysis method with the help of the free software R Studio - Bibliometrix package. The mapping of scientific articles was performed through the Prima method in four steps: Identification, Selection, Eligibility, and Inclusion. The results presented 21 articles, of which eight were published in 2021. The survey found that 38.09% of publications directly relate to the theme based on the title query and keywords. The remaining percentage was related to waste management, pickers, and vulnerable communities. Finally, the systematic analysis indicated no publication on protocols and actions to combat COVID-19 in waste pickers' organizations during the study period.
Enseñanza y aprendizaje del español en las universidades japonesas
Authors: Hiroyasu Yoshimi
Published: November 2024

Since the Japanese people’s first encounter with the Spanish language in the 16th century, the teaching and learning of Spanish has been evolving in response to the needs of each era. Despite numerous historical challenges, interest in the Spanish language and everything related to it has increased over the years. This article examines the situations of differing historical periods to better understand the objectives for which Spanish has been studied, as well as the numerous types of teachers, students, and commonly used methodologies. To do this, various academic articles and books offering testimonies from people who lived through those periods are examined. The corpus developed by this article’s author, which includes textbooks published since the early 20th century, will also be analyzed in this article.
The initial contact with the Spanish language in the 16th century was through missionary work. After a stagnation in language studies due to a period of isolationism, the need to pursue Spanish as a language resumed in the 20th century for the purposes of foreign trade and migration. The idea of learning a foreign language to enrich general culture also became important in the 20th century. The change in the type of students greatly influenced learning objectives and methodologies.
We are now in a transitional period with the emergence of new technologies. However, it is important to know our history in order to reflect on the direction which Spanish teaching and learning should take in the future.
Enseñanza del español en la Rusia estalinista (1947-1955): análisis de los manuales para la escuela general
Authors: Panchenko Yuri , García Folgado María José , Fuertes Gutiérrez Mara
Published: November 2024

Spanish Language Teaching in Russian schools starts in 1947, in a period that extends until 1955, when the teaching of Spanish is suspended until the following decade. Drawing from a documentary corpus comprised of the official series of Spanish textbooks endorsed by the Ministry of Education and their corresponding didactic guides, this study examines the methodological foundations informing the development of the materials used in the first period where Spanish is taught at school in Russia, with the aim of exploring which skills and linguistic content are addressed as a priority for learners to acquire. Findings reveal a clear orientation of instruction towards reading comprehension and translation exercises. Grammar is positioned as a key element within an approach influenced by vygotskian pedagogy, which emphasizes conscious language learning (i.e., understanding the main linguistic features of the target language) and aims for comparative analysis between Russian and Spanish.
Implementation of Single-Phase Shift (SPS) and Extended Phase Shift (EPS) for Dual Active Bridge (DAB)
Authors:   Electrical Engineering,, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tiwari Vivek Kumar , Asim Mohammed , Alam M D Aftab , Siddiqui Mohd Imran , Alam M A
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To improve power transfer and efficiency in Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters, this study compares and assesses the Single-Phase Shift (SPS) and Extended Phase Shift (EPS) control techniques. Methods: Using the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) arrangement, the research focuses on implementing SPS and EPS control methods to an Isolated Bidirectional Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter (IBDC). A comprehensive review of the IBDC's operating modes and the EPS's control concept is included in this study. Findings: In comparison with EPS, SPS control is limited by a smaller operating range, higher power loss, and higher circulating current. Conversely, EPS exhibits benefits such as decreased back power flow, increased Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) range, and decreased current stress. These conclusions are supported by the simulation results, which show that EPS control outperforms SPS in terms of operational stability, harmonics, and efficiency. Under the SPS control at different phase shift minimums, THD is 15.06%; whereas, for EPS it is 12.90%. Novelty: This study demonstrates how EPS outperforms SPS in DAB converters, providing better operational range, THD, and efficiency. Keywords: Isolated Bidirectional Full-Bridge DC–DC Converters (IBDCs), Dual Active bridge (DAB), Single Phase Shift (SPS), Extended Phase Shift (EPS), Current Stress, Power Transmission
Chromatic M-polynomial of Mobius Function Graphs of Product Groups
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, St. Dominic’s College, Kanjirapally, 686512, Kerala, India, Jose Rani , Susha D
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the chromatic M-polynomials of the Mobius function graph of product groups, specifically focusing on the direct product of finite groups. Methods: We used algebraic and number theoretical techniques to construct a Mobius function graph of product groups and derived the chromatic M-polynomials using graph theoretic methods. Findings: Chromatic M polynomials of Mobius function graphs are introduced with a focus on deriving their significant properties and providing a practical approach for computation. Novelty: This research introduces a novel approach to studying the chromatic M-polynomials of the Mobius function graph of product groups, providing insights into the interplay between group theory, graph theory, and number theory. Our findings contribute connection between chromatic M polynomials and coloring problems, followed by a discussion and understanding of graph polynomials. Keywords: Mobius function graph of groups, Chromatic number, Chromatic M-polynomials, Product group, Dihedral Groups
Practical Guide to Achieve Rigor and Data Integration in Mixed Methods Research
Authors:   Universidade  Federal de Santa Catarina, Lorenzini Elisiane , Osorio-Galeano Sandra Patricia ,   Universidad  de  Antioquia, Schmidt Catiele Raquel ,   Universidade  Federal de Santa Catarina, Cañon-Montañez Wilson ,   Universidad  de  Antioquia
Published: November 2024

Mixed methods research represents a dynamic approach, that combines quantitative and qualitative perspectives in the same study to answer complex questions, beyond the reach of each method used separately. This type of research is increasingly used in health sciences and in social sciences, where it is possible to identify important contributions to knowledge and the practice, derived from the characteristic integration of this approach. Nevertheless, it important to reiterate the importance of recognizing their own perspectives, methods, rigor criteria, and challenges. This work presents general aspects of the epistemological perspective of mixed methods research, describes basic and advanced designs, forms and possible integration moments of each design, as well as the rigor criteria that guide these types of studies. Graphic elements are presented to facilitate recognizing the structure of each design. Furthermore, a visual tool is introduced denominated “anatomy of mixed methods research”, which seeks to guide researchers regarding each of the key elements in the design and development of this type of research.
Internet Control and Disinformation Across Regime Types During and After the Covid‐19 Crisis
Authors: Kneuer Marianne , Schünemann Wolf J. , Bahms Giulia
Published: November 2024

The unprecedented scale of mitigation measures taken by governments during the Covid-19 pandemic raised concerns about if and to what extent democracy would be affected. Empirical accounts show that media freedom was the most vulnerable. This article concentrates on interference in digital media, as attacks on the digital realm during the pandemic were particularly harmful given that media activity moved from print to online all over the world. This large-n study makes various important contributions. Firstly, it uncovers whether regime types differ in their reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic regarding the digital media sector. Secondly, it takes a diachronic approach and examines the period before 2020, during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, and after the pandemic (2022–2023). This longitudinal exploration enables us to make nuanced statements about the post-Covid-19 developments in digital media. Thirdly, the analyses take into account different degrees of measures: less and more repressive as well as disinformation strategies. The results add value to the debate because they demonstrate that all regime types, including democracies, resorted to control mechanisms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Equally relevant is the behavior of these regimes after the pandemic: While democracies by no means cut back on all measures, autocracies did not strengthen all measures. Most remarkably, full democracies are the only regime type where governments increasingly engaged in disinformation after the pandemic. Thus, an important finding is that the pandemic did not constitute a catalyzing event for all regime types to the same extent. But the most worrisome effects are associated with the democracies.
AMERICAN TRADITIONS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine,  NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine, Martynov Andrei
Published: November 2024

American anthropologist and sociologist Jack David Eller covered in detail the process of origin and development of American traditions. In the introduction, the author considered the theoretical issues of the emergence and evolution of traditions as a socio-historical phenomenon. In the next fifteen chapters, American political traditions, American secular traditions, American lifestyle traditions, and American traditional heroes are considered. In the conclusions, the question of the futurology of traditions is considered. American society in the early stages of history consisted mainly of European immigrants, was never traditional, and almost immediately became modern. But as with any society, traditions are an important source of identity for the United States. For most of American history, there has been a tradition of breaking tradition. In fact, tradition is what the future creates from the past. Mechanisms of tradition creation are defined as absorption or syncretism, addition, improvement, withdrawal or reduction, split or separation. Traditions form a certain image of the world. Cultural globalization is seen as imported American culture. Traditions are inextricably linked with myths. Myths and traditions try to reconcile us with ourselves and our existence. Tradition, unlike ideology, can be tested by social practice. There has been a transition from a society based on the production of things to a society based on the production of information. The Internet has dissolved into life, and life has dissolved into the Internet. Tradition creates us. We create a tradition.
Climate Risks and Economic Consequences of Rising Global CO2 Emissions in Aviation, Shipping, and Heavy-Duty Transport
Authors: Eyime Eyime , Ushie Ogri
Published: November 2024

This study examines methods to lessen the environmental consequences of global CO2 emissions from the hard-to-abate transport sector. The paper analyzed historical and projected trends in global CO2 emissions from the hard-to-abate transport industry under two scenarios: the stated policy scenario (STEPS) and the announced pledged scenario (APS). The study covered the historical period from 2010 to 2022 and projected emissions up to 2050. The analysis revealed that the compound annual growth rate (CAAGR) of STEP exceeded that of APS in 2030 and 2050 for challenging emissions from heavy- duty vehicles, aircraft, and shipping when compared to the baseline year of 2022. The aviation industry has a higher CAAGR of 5.3% and 2.5% for 2030 and 2050, respectively, compared to heavy-duty vehicles at 1.6% and 0.9% for 2030 and 2050, respectively, and shipping at 0.7% and 0.9% for 2030 and 2050, respectively, under STEPS. Under the APS scenario, shipping showed a negative CAAGR of -0.8% and -2.8% for 2030 and 2050, respectively, and 0.4% and -1.8% for 2030 and 2050, respectively, for heavy-duty trucks. In comparison, the aviation industry had CAAGRs of 4.5% and 0.8% for 2030 and 2050, respectively. The data shows that the aviation industry is expected to see a far greater CAAGR in emissions than heavy-duty vehicles and shipping in both STEPS and APS scenarios. Targeted efforts are necessary to mitigate the environmental effects of air travel in the upcoming decades. The paper also examined 56 publicly traded international transportation companies and their corresponding carbon emission targets. Only seven companies, or 12.5%, have established goals for reducing emissions from 2023 to 2050; 10 companies, accounting for 17.9%, have committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2040 to 2060; five corporations, representing 8.9%, have set targets for reducing emission intensity from 2025 to 2034; and 34 global corporations, making up 60.7%, have committed to achieving net zero emissions between 2040 and 2050. Despite some progress in setting emission reduction targets in the air travel industry, many companies still need to set carbon footprint reduction goals.
Mandatory Disclosure and Uncertain Tax Benefit Resolutions
Authors:   , Previti Carolyn , Curatola Anthony Paul
Published: November 2024

I investigate the impact of mandatory disclosure on firm and regulator behavior. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) resolutions provide a unique setting to analyze the effects of reporting on behavior, as UTB unwindings result from the interactions between tax authority and taxpayer. In Chapter I, I address the disclosure environment for UTBs. In Chapter II, as additional tax disclosure may affect the detection risk associated with tax uncertainty, I hypothesize that the previously-documented increase in UTBs following a tax critical audit matter (CAM) is supplemented by a change in UTB resolutions. I find that tax CAMs significantly affect the portion of UTBs resolving via revisions of prior estimates. Thus, disclosure of tax CAMs is shown to significantly affect how UTBs resolve. In Chapter III, I hypothesize that the reduction of UTBs post-Schedule UTP, and the associated effort to minimize Internal Revenue Service scrutiny, also affects UTB unwindings. While my results do not suggest that Schedule UTP significantly impacts how UTBs resolve, they do suggest that Schedule UTP significantly impacts when UTBs resolve. Collectively, my work identifies changes in UTB unwindings as operational consequences of both audit and private tax disclosure mandates. Specifically, the evidence suggests that while public auditor-provider disclosure affects how UTBs unwind, private firm-provided disclosure affects when UTBs unwind. Thus, information source and method of communication appear to influence the relationship between disclosure and firm and regulator behavior.
Sifat Kimia dan Sensori Teh Celup Cascara Stevia dengan Metode Pengeringan Kulit Kopi dan Persentase Gula Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) yang Berbeda
Authors: Murlida Eva , NIlda Cut , Safriani Novi , Aliansyah Aliansyah
Published: November 2024

Cascara is a dry tea made from coffee husk waste. Cascara is prepared in the shape of dip packets to make it easier for customers, and stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is added since consumers like sweet drinks and to promote consumer preference. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the coffee skin drying process and cascara and stevia ratio on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of cascara tea bags. This research used a factorial completely randomized design where the first factor is the drying method, and the second is the percentage of added stevia. The research data obtained is then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there are differences between treatments. The drying technique treatment variance influenced pH, total dissolved solids, and color hedonic. The research revealed that the pH of cascara dried in the oven was higher than that of sun drying, while the total soluble solids of sun drying were higher than that of oven drying. The pH and total soluble solids increased as the proportion of stevia added increased. The hedonic test mean result for fragrance was 3.49 (neutral), color was 3.47 (neutral), and taste was 3.13 (neutral). The cascara scent description test had a mean value of 2.74 (neutral), a cascara color description of 2.74 (light), a sweet taste description of 2.81 (neutral), a sour taste description of 2.24 (weak), a bitter taste description of 1.81 (weak), and an astringent taste description of 2.24 (weak). The total phenols value in sun drying with a 20% stevia addition yielded 139 mg GAE/mL
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Individual Counseling to Enhance Public Speaking Skills: A Study among 7th Graders
Authors: Oktariani Firda Nova , Prihandoko Tri Leksono , Dewi Widya Novi Angga
Published: November 2024

Improving public speaking skills is necessary to help students build self-confidence, enhance communication skills, and support their education and careers. This research uses a qualitative method where the researcher is the key instrument, with purposive sampling of data sources and triangulation techniques for data collection. The study finds that: (1) The use of Virtual Reality (VR) during individual counseling for middle school students significantly aids in improving public speaking skills, as evidenced by the change from 0% in initial observations of public speaking skills before VR counseling to 75% after VR counseling, and from 8.3% to 66.6% in the second client. (2) VR counseling impacts students by boosting their public speaking skills and encouraging them to improve academically and non-academically. (3) VR counseling proves to enhance public speaking abilities in terms of verbal communication, vocal control, and visual expression, with students demonstrating clearer language and structure, better volume regulation, and improved self-expression in public.
Агрессивный фиброматоз
Authors: Владимирова Л. Ю. , Алькина А. К.
Published: November 2024

Агрессивный фиброматоз (АФ) или десмоидные опухоли (ДО) — это локально агрессивные и инвазивные опухоли мягких тканей мезенхимального происхождения, которые сложно лечить из‑за их вариабельных клинических проявлений, непредсказуемого клинического течения и отсутствия в настоящее время одобренных методов лечения. Это группа ЗНО редко встречается в клинической практике онколога, в связи с чем диагностика и опции лечения данной патологии существенно ограничены. На сегодняшний день, нет стандартного подхода к ведению больных с АФ, поэтому в зависимости от локализации опухоли, ее симптомов и риска развития осложнений и прогрессирования подбирается один из оптимальных методов лечения: хирургическое вмешательство или другие локальные методы, системная терапия или динамическое наблюдение. Лекарственная терапия активно развивается на протяжении последних десятилетий: от химиотерапии до внедрения тирозинкиназных ингибиторов (ТКИ) и одобрения новых молекул. В настоящее время сорафениб и пазопаниб являются одними из наиболее используемых ТКИ. Кроме того, новые ингибиторы гамма‑секретазы (нирогацестат и AL102) обещают быть эффективными средствами для лечения АФ с управляемым профилем безопасности.
Современные возможности сохранения фертильности у пациенток молодого возраста. Взгляд онколога
Authors: Пароконная А. А.
Published: November 2024

В последние годы в онкологии с внедрением новых методов комплексного лечения отмечается значительное увеличение продолжительности жизни пациентов. При этом большинство используемых методов лечения потенциально гонадотоксичны и приводят к преждевременной недостаточности яичников, и соответственно к потере фертильности и способности к деторождению у молодых женщин. На момент постановки диагноза все больше пациенток задают вопросы о снижающим фертильность действии лекарственной терапии, радиотерапии, хирургических вмешательств. Недостаточная информированность онкологов и незаинтересованность в изучении вопросов, связанных с потерей репродуктивной функции, нежелание обсуждать вопросы репродукции и после лечения, приводят к психологическому стрессу и зачастую к отказу от предлагаемых вариантов терапии. Целью данной статьи является информирование онкологов о современных методах сохранения фертильности для возможности проведения ознакомительной беседы с пациентками молодого возраста перед планируемым лечением.
Редкие иммуноопосредованные нежелательные явления: клиническая характеристика, подходы к диагностике и лечению
Authors: Жукова Л. Г. , Пасечнюк О. С. , Польшина Н. И. , Хачатурян Э. А. , Гречухина К. С.
Published: November 2024

Внедрение иммунотерапии позволило при ряде злокачественных опухолей (ЗНО) значимо увеличить продолжительность жизни пациентов в сравнении с «классической» химиотерапией. Способность иммунотерапевтических препаратов активировать Т-лимфоциты позволяет, с одной стороны, добиться противоопухолевого эффекта, с другой — может приводить к развитию иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений (иоНЯ). Наиболее распространенными иоНЯ являются эндокринные (гипо- или гипертиреоз), гастроинтестинальные (колит, гепатит) и дерматологические (зуд, сыпь) реакции. Редкие, но потенциально угрожающие жизни иоНЯ требуют особого внимания.

Особое место занимает перекрестный синдром, включающий миокардит, миастению и миозит, который отличается быстрыми темпами прогрессирования и высокой летальностью. Миокардит проявляется болями в груди, одышкой и тахикардией, с повышением уровня тропонина — важного диагностического маркера. Сопутствующие миозит и миастения гравис проявляются миалгией и слабостью конечностей. Для разрешения этих иоНЯ требуется применение высоких доз глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС) и иногда плазмафереза.

Среди неврологических иоНЯ особо выделяют энцефалит и синдром Гийена-Барре. Энцефалит проявляется различными общемозговыми симптомами: изменениями психического статуса, головной болью, судорогами и т. д. Синдром Гийена-Барре при этом проявляется мышечной слабостью и парестезиями. Диагностика включает люмбальную пункцию, электроэнцефалограмму и ряд лабораторных исследований. Лечение основано на высоких дозах ГКС, при резистентности к ГКС — использование ритуксимаба.

Офтальмологические иоНЯ могут проявляться сухостью глаз, увеитом и невритом зрительного нерва, иногда приводя к серозной отслойке сетчатки. Для диагностики требуется доступность узкоспециализированных методов, таких как офтальмоскопия и оптическая когерентная томография. Лечение включает топические и местные инъекционные ГКС.

Редкие иоНЯ подчеркивают необходимость междисциплинарного подхода в лечении ЗНО, учитывая сложности диагностики и ведения подобных пациентов. Эта проблема становится все более актуальной с расширением показаний к применению иммунотерапии, что требует разработки эффективных методов управления этими особыми и иногда фатальными осложнениями.
Что надо знать о редко встречающихся возбудителях инфекций у онкологических больных?
Authors: Петухова И. Н. , Григорьевская З. В. , Багирова Н. С. , Агинова В. В.
Published: November 2024

Работа посвящена редко встречающимся бактериальным и грибковым возбудителям инфекций. Эти микроорганизмы создают трудности в диагностике и лечении в связи с возможными ошибками идентификации возбудителя, природной или приобретенной лекарственной резистентностью.

Возбудители редких инфекций могут колонизировать больных, образовывать биопленки, персистировать в окружающей среде, передаваться от больного к больному и приводить к развитию вспышек инфекции. Они нередко ухудшают прогноз лечения онкологического больного и приводят к летальному исходу.

Информация об особенностях редко встречающихся микроорганизмов и возможных подходах к их лечению позволит врачам-онкологам оказывать своевременную квалифицированную помощь подобным пациентам.
Интеграция знаний об онкологических заболеваниях в учебный процесс на стоматологическом факультете
Authors: Киселева А. Э. , Анцупова М. А. , Фатьянова А. С. , Быков И. И. , Решетов И. В.
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассматривается проблема изучения дисциплины «Онкология» на стоматологическом факультете. В небольшом количестве вузов России данная дисциплина введена в учебную программу будущих стоматологов. Врачи стоматологи играют важную роль в области ранней диагностики онкологических заболеваний головы и шеи. Данное исследование направлено на изучение информированности студентов-стоматологов до и после прохождения цикла по дисциплине «Онкология». Поперечное исследование было проведено среди студентов для оценки текущего уровня осведомленности о ранней диагностике рака полости рта путем анализа их знаний и навыков. Перед проведением исследования был изучен зарубежный опыт проведения подобных исследований и составлено тестирование из 40 вопросов о проявлениях онкологических заболеваний головы и шеи. Разница в общей осведомленности о раке полости рта между студентами до прохождения цикла «Онкология» и после была статистически значимой (р < 0,05). До изучения онкологии всего 28 % студентов стоматологов понимали, как заподозрить рак полости рта у пациента. Таким образом, полученные данные указывают на необходимость введения дисциплины «Онкология» на стоматологических факультетах медицинских вузов РФ. Данная учебная программа онконастороженности среди студентов необходима для реализации и повышения раннего выявления предраковых состояний, а также снижение заболеваемости и смертности среди населения.
Financial activity of an organization: approaches to assessment of methods
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the practical implementation of the model for assessing the financial performance of an organization, systematizing and directing its functioning throughout their life cycle. It is noted that financial analytics of the organization’s performance indicators, determined by management technologies and factors affecting the external and internal environment, can be used to create and develop its financial strategy. It is shown that high competition, significant risks, crisis phenomena, geopolitical and socioeconomic processes on the world stage and in the state, additionally increase the relevance of developing a new methodological apparatus for managing the financial stability of organizations, as a basic resource for ensuring their development. It has been established that insufficiently studied methodological approaches and the lack of a unified approach to methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization hinder the development and improvement of its financial strategy. The author notes that approaches to assessing methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization’s optimization present additional opportunities and recommendations in business development, as well as the development of theoretical and practical proposals that reveal successful directions for building the entire system of strategic financial management of organizations.
The role of digital transformation in ensuring the level of technological development of industries and enterprises
Authors: Idrisov Albert E. , Shinkevich Alexey I.
Published: November 2024

In the context of the development of the data economy, the implementation of the policy of import substitution, and the increase in technological sovereignty, the study of the impact of digital transformation on increasing the level of technological development of industries and enterprises is of particular importance and relevance. The purpose of the study is to systematize, based on statistical dynamic data, the directions of digital transformation to ensure the technological development of industry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the correlation of trends in digital transformation and technological development of the industrial sector. Description, comparative analysis, trend graphs, regression analysis, generalization and systematization of data were used as research methods. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: indicators of innovation activity and the effectiveness of research activities remain relatively low, while the trend of reduction in the number of researchers continues; the development of the data economy has contributed to increased investment in the development of information and communication technologies, but on average less than 2% of the population is employed in the field of information technology; the cost share of purchased domestic software is steadily increasing in government agencies while decreasing in commercial organizations, which negatively affects the implementation of information security policies and import substitution of technologies in the field of data management; Organizations have seen an increase in the use of integrated management information systems, mainly based on technologies such as ERP–systems, CRM–systems and supply chain management systems. The analysis of trends in the influence of digital transformation in ensuring the level of technological development presented in the article can be used as the initial information, statistical and analytical basis for developing programs to stimulate technological renewal of industrial sectors and enterprises.
Formalization of procedures for developing strategic directions for the development of an innovative environment for high-tech
Authors: Kovalev Petr P. , Kolmykova Tatyana S.
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates the key role of active implementation of the new paradigm of the digital technological order by domestic high-tech companies in ensuring the technological leadership of the state, allowing to create innovative products and services, increase the efficiency of industrial production, form new skills and competencies of human capital, stimulate the growth of science and education, improve the quality of life of the population, the competitiveness of the national economy. It has been established that the formation of environmental contours for the development of high technologies is a priority of the Russian policy in the field of innovation. The scientific approach to the formation of the strategy for the development of the innovative environment of high-tech industries, based on the presentation of the innovative environment in two contours - internal and external, is substantiated. The author’s methodological tools for grouping industries by four types of strategic behavior (sustainable leadership, alternative breakthrough, strengthening of advantages, radical transformations) are presented. To form a line of strategic behavior in the interests of developing an innovative environment, the article proposes an algorithm for implementing actions.
A relevant method for evaluating information management systems in manufacturing
Authors: Kruglov Vladimir N. , Samatova Angela I.
Published: November 2024

In the context of growing digitalization and the transition to domestic information management systems in manufacturing, it becomes critically important to develop adequate methods for evaluating their effectiveness. The relevance of this study is due to the need to create effective tools for the analysis and selection of information management systems that meet the specifics of the Russian market and the conditions of import substitution. The purpose of the study is to develop and justify a method for evaluating management information systems that take into account both quantitative and qualitative indicators. Methodologically, the study includes an analysis of existing valuation methods such as economic value added and total cost of ownership, identifying their shortcomings and developing a new method based on a weighted sum of criteria. The application of the proposed method has shown that it provides a more accurate and comprehensive assessment, taking into account technical characteristics and user satisfaction, which is critical for effective intra-company and strategic planning. The results confirm the hypothesis that the integration of quantitative and quantitative indicators, taking into account the importance coefficients, increases the reliability of the assessment of the information management system. Limitations include high resource requirements and the need to involve internal and external experts, which may limit practical applications. In the future, automation of the criteria normalization process and adaptation of the method to other industries are recommended.
The methodology of management accounting for the inter-shop movement of technological goods at industrial enterprises
Authors: Lapaev Dmitry N. , Mizikovsky Igor E.
Published: November 2024

The continuity of the value creation flow and the technological stability of an industrial enterprise largely depend on the rhythm and optimality of inter-shop movements of technological goods. The management of costs spent on this process is part of the key functions of the management accounting of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise and is an important segment of the information and instrumental space of production management. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to improve the information and instrumental space of production management; the complex of tasks is the instrumentalization of management accounting of costs for inter-shop movements of technological goods. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: collection, comprehensive economic analysis and systematization of primary data on the subject area; diagnosis; synthesis, decomposition, object-oriented analysis, generalization, formalization, classification, visualization, abstraction, graphical interpretation.
Mechanisms and tools for stimulating innovative activities of business entities in the context of import substitution
Authors: Tyukavkin Nikolay M.
Published: November 2024

The presented study defines the goal of increasing the innovative activity of business entities, the basis of which is the development of innovative activity, reducing the negative economic consequences of the innovative policy of unfriendly countries, focusing domestic organizations and enterprises on the intensification of production. The analysis of the indicators of innovative activity, reflecting the lack of its development, is carried out, the features of increasing innovative activity are identified, its components are disclosed and methods for its definition are presented, the existing tools for intensifying innovative activity are studied. The main provisions of the new draft law ”On Technological Policy” are proposed, designed to eliminate the gap between science and production, with the existing practice of technology transfer, planned for adoption in September 2024, allowing for the implementation of a new direction of state policy - innovative policy for the development of technological sovereignty. The provisions (main tools) for stimulating the innovative activity of business entities are presented: increasing profits, reducing production costs of enterprises from the introduction of innovations and, on their basis, increasing the added value of manufactured products.
Cash flow modeling in the open innovation market system
Authors: Rostova Elena P. , Vybornova Lubov A.
Published: November 2024

The process of innovation activity is considered from the point of view of agency presence. The open innovation market system is described, including an investor, a developer and a user. The cash flows between the specified agents of the system, arising in the process of creating and commercializing an innovative product, are considered. For each agent, a profit function has been developed, which is a criterion for its optimal activity. An economic and mathematical model has been developed that describes the interaction of agents in the system.
Model of nonlinear dynamics of development of multicomponent manufacturing enterprises, taking into account the effect of investment lag
Authors: Saraev Alexander L. , Saraev Leonid A.
Published: November 2024

The published article proposes a generalization of the economic and mathematical model of the dynamics of development of a multi-industry enterprise, the resources of each production of which are restored by introducing internal lagging investments. The model of such a multi-industry enterprise is presented in the form of systems of coupled differential equations with respect to production factors. It is established that the marginal values of production factors are stationary solutions of systems of differential equations. It is shown that the most efficient operation of the considered multi-industry enterprise will be achieved only when the marginal values of production factors coincide with the values of the resources used, which correspond to the maximum values of profit for each production component. For a two-component production enterprise, calculation models of output, costs and profit for each component and for the entire enterprise are constructed. Numerical solutions of the corresponding system of differential equations are given, on the basis of which integral curves are constructed for production factors, output and profit for each component of the enterprise and for the entire enterprise as a whole.
Features of the methodology for assessing the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the context of digitalization
Authors: Gnatyshina Elizaveta I.
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the author’s methodology for assessing the innovative activity of an enterprise aimed at integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators. This technique will allow you to more accurately reflect the level of innovation activity, identify the main factors affecting the effectiveness of innovation implementation, as well as form a strategy for further development. The paper considers the key elements of the proposed methodology. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of industrial enterprise management. The methodology can be used by state statistical agencies to monitor and evaluate the innovative activities of industrial enterprises. The implementation of this methodology can contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes associated with innovation and support informed management decisions. The methodological base of the study includes methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, statistical analysis, factor analysis, and methods of expert assessments.
Przesłuchanie podejrzanego w postępowaniu przygotowawczym na podstawie wybranych przesłanek prawa kanonicznego
Authors: Jaszcz Adam
Published: November 2024

Szczególnie delikatnym zadaniem ordynariusza lub hierarchy w dochodzeniu wstępnym jest zdecydowanie, czy i kiedy powiadomić o nim podejrzanego. Tym samym dopuszcza się pominięcie czynności przesłuchania, jednak się jej nie wyklucza. Zagadnienie to nie zostało jednoznacznie rozwiązane w przepisach oraz doktrynie. Autor podejmuje problem podstaw prawnokanonicznych dla tej czynności. Stawia pytanie, czy i kiedy przesłuchać podejrzanego podczas dochodzenia wstępnego? Brak jednoznacznego rozstrzygnięcia powoduje konkretne problemy praktyczne. Jak pogodzić wymóg gruntowności w zbieraniu danych podczas dochodzenia oraz możliwość nieprzesłuchania podejrzanego? Jak ustalić poczytalność rzekomego sprawcy bez interakcji między nim a osobą prowadzącą dochodzenie? W artykule wyprowadza się kanoniczną zasadność przesłuchania z konkretnych celów realizowanych podczas dochodzenia wstępnego. Autor analizuje problem ochrony dobrego imienia, obejmującą nie tylko reputację i dobrą opinię, ale również godność osobową oraz prawo do wypowiedzenia prawdy.
A EFICIÊNCIA DO SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INOVAÇÃO (SNI) PARA AS 50 MAIORES ECONOMIAS GLOBAIS: Uma Abordagem utilizando Fronteira Estocástica de Produção (SFA)
Authors: Martins Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues , Almeida Leandro Morais
Published: November 2024

O objetivo desse artigo foi o de analisar e determinar a eficiência técnica para os SNIs das 50 maiores economias utilizando a metodologia adaptada de Ratner, Balashova e Lychev (2022). Bem como determinar as principais variáveis para a compreensão do funcionamento dos SNI analisados. As análises de eficiência técnica serão realizadas através do modelo de fronteira de produção estocástica desenvolvida pioneiramente por Aigner e Chu (1968), e depois por Aigner, Lovell e Schmidt (1977) e Battese e Corra (1977). A base de dados para a análise foi extraída do banco de dados do Banco Mundial. Os principais resultados apontaram para um alto grau de ineficiência entre os sistemas de inovação. As variáveis ligadas a despesas com P&D, pessoal empregado em P&D (pesquisadores e técnicos), exportações de alta tecnologia e direito de propriedade foram importantes para explicar o funcionamento dos sistemas nacionais de inovação das 50 maiores economias analisadas.