bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Domain Fake News Detection Using a Prompt-Based Approach
Authors: Alghamdi Jawaher , Lin Yuqing , Luo Suhuai
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of fake news poses a significant challenge in today’s information landscape, spanning diverse domains and topics and undermining traditional detection methods confined to specific domains. In response, there is a growing interest in strategies for detecting cross-domain misinformation. However, traditional machine learning (ML) approaches often struggle with the nuanced contextual understanding required for accurate news classification. To address these challenges, we propose a novel contextualized cross-domain prompt-based zero-shot approach utilizing a pre-trained Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model for fake news detection (FND). In contrast to conventional fine-tuning methods reliant on extensive labeled datasets, our approach places particular emphasis on refining prompt integration and classification logic within the model’s framework. This refinement enhances the model’s ability to accurately classify fake news across diverse domains. Additionally, the adaptability of our approach allows for customization across diverse tasks by modifying prompt placeholders. Our research significantly advances zero-shot learning by demonstrating the efficacy of prompt-based methodologies in text classification, particularly in scenarios with limited training data. Through extensive experimentation, we illustrate that our method effectively captures domain-specific features and generalizes well to other domains, surpassing existing models in terms of performance. These findings contribute significantly to the ongoing efforts to combat fake news dissemination, particularly in environments with severely limited training data, such as online platforms.
Dynamic Fashion Video Synthesis from Static Imagery
Authors: Islam Tasin , Miron Alina , Liu Xiaohui , Li Yongmin
Published: August 2024

Online shopping for clothing has become increasingly popular among many people. However, this trend comes with its own set of challenges. For example, it can be difficult for customers to make informed purchase decisions without trying on the clothes to see how they move and flow. We address this issue by introducing a new image-to-video generator called FashionFlow to generate fashion videos to show how clothing products move and flow on a person. By utilising a latent diffusion model and various other components, we are able to synthesise a high-fidelity video conditioned by a fashion image. The components include the use of pseudo-3D convolution, VAE, CLIP, frame interpolator and attention to generate a smooth video efficiently while preserving vital characteristics from the conditioning image. The contribution of our work is the creation of a model that can synthesise videos from images. We show how we use a pre-trained VAE decoder to process the latent space and generate a video. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our local and global conditioners, which help preserve the maximum amount of detail from the conditioning image. Our model is unique because it produces spontaneous and believable motion using only one image, while other diffusion models are either text-to-video or image-to-video using pre-recorded pose sequences. Overall, our research demonstrates a successful synthesis of fashion videos featuring models posing from various angles, showcasing the movement of the garment. Our findings hold great promise for improving and enhancing the online fashion industry’s shopping experience.
The Influence of Arabinoxylan of Different Molar Masses on the Properties of Rye Bread Baked by the Postponed Baking Method
Authors: Bieniek Angelika , Buksa Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Rye grain is a good source of dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and mineral compounds. To prevent the staling process of bread, semi-finished bakery products are subjected to cooling or freezing, and this process is called the postponed baking method. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of rye arabinoxylans differing in molar mass on the properties of rye bread baked using the postponed baking method. The breads were baked from rye flour types 720 and 1150, without and with a 1% share of unmodified or cross-linked rye arabinoxylans (AXs). The molar mass of the unmodified AXs was 432,160 g/mol, while that of the AXs after cross-linking was 1,158,980 g/mol. The results of this study show that the 1% share of AXs significantly increased the water addition to both types of rye flour and dough yield, and this increase was proportional to the molar mass of the AXs used. It is shown that a 1% share of both AX preparations positively increased the volume and crumb moisture of bread baked by the postponed baking method. Cross-linked AXs proved to be particularly effective in increasing the volume and bread crumb moisture. Both AX preparations had a positive effect on reducing the bread crumb hardness of rye breads baked by the postponed baking method.
Polysaccharides from Seedless Chestnut Rose (Rosa sterilis) Fruits: Insights into Innovative Drying Technologies and Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant, Antiglycation, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Chen Guangjing , Sun Juyan , Dai Qinghua , Sun Meiwen , Hu Peng
Published: August 2024

The selection of an optimal drying method is essential for extending the shelf life and enhancing the quality of Rosa sterilis fruits. This study investigated the effects of both innovative (microwave vacuum drying and infrared drying) and traditional (freeze-drying and hot air drying) techniques on the structural characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from R. sterilis fruits (RSPs). Four different RSPs were obtained from fruits dried using these methods. Results demonstrated that the structural characteristics and bioactivities of RSPs varied significantly with the drying method. Notable differences were observed in extraction yield, total sugar, uronic acid content, monosaccharide molar ratios, molecular weight distribution, particle size, thermal stability, and microstructures of RSPs. Despite these variations, the types of constituent monosaccharides and major glycosidic linkages remained consistent across all methods. Notably, RSPs obtained via microwave vacuum drying (RSPs-MVD) showed a higher uronic acid content and lower molecular weight, and exhibited stronger in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation activities. These findings suggest that microwave vacuum drying is an effective pre-drying technique for extracting RSPs, making them suitable as bioactive ingredients in functional foods and pharmaceuticals for managing diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Utilizing Supercritical CO2 for Bee Brood Oil Extraction and Analysis of Its Chemical Properties
Authors: Wiriyacharee Pairote , Chalermchat Yongyut , Siriwoharn Thanyaporn , Jirarattanarangsri Wachira , Tangjaidee Pipat , Chaipoot Supakit , Phongphisutthinant Rewat , Pandith Hataichanok , Muangrat Rattana
Published: August 2024

To obtain oil from bee brood, which was dried using a tray drying method, this study used the supercritical CO2 extraction method. Extraction occurred at temperatures between 40–60 °C and low pressures of 180–220 bar for 1.5 h, with a high pressure of 600 bar for 1 h. The study investigated both the yield and chemical properties of the extracted bee brood oils. Supercritical CO2 extraction of tray-dried bee brood at 600 bar pressure demonstrated higher oil extraction efficiency compared to lower pressures (180–220 bar). At temperatures of 40–60 °C, total phenolic compounds increased while total flavonoids decreased. The extracted oil exhibited antioxidant activity, primarily due to quercetin. Despite decreased acid, iodine, and saponification values, peroxide value slightly increased but remained below 12 meqO2/kg of oil. The make-up of the fatty acids changed. At 600 bar, palmitic and oleic acids were the most common, while myristic, linoleic, and docosadienoic acids decreased. At 600 bar, eicosadienoic acid was absent. The defatted bee brood retained significant essential and non-essential amino acids, indicating its potential for further development as a protein source.
Microbial Contamination of Food: Probiotics and Postbiotics as Potential Biopreservatives
Authors: Zavišić Gordana , Ristić Slavica , Petričević Saša , Janković Drina , Petković Branka
Published: August 2024

Microbial contamination of food and alimentary toxoinfection/intoxication in humans are commonly caused by bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Yersinia spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium). The addition of probiotic cultures (bacterial strains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii) to food contributes primarily to food enrichment and obtaining a functional product, but also to food preservation. Reducing the number of viable pathogenic microorganisms and eliminating or neutralizing their toxins in food is achieved by probiotic-produced antimicrobial substances such as organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, phenylacetic acid, and phenyllactic acid), fatty acids (linoleic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and caprylic acid), aromatic compounds (diacetyl, acetaldehyde, reuterin), hydrogen peroxide, cyclic dipeptides, bacteriocins, and salivabactin. This review summarizes the basic facts on microbial contamination and preservation of food and the potential of different probiotic strains and their metabolites (postbiotics), including the mechanisms of their antimicrobial action against various foodborne pathogens. Literature data on this topic over the last three decades was searched in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, systematically presented, and critically discussed, with particular attention to the advantages and disadvantages of using probiotics and postbiotics as food biopreservatives.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Ability, Sensory and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Mulberry
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Jing , Lan Jingsha , Liu Bingliang , Wang Xinhui , Zhang Suyi , Zuo Yong
Published: August 2024

Mulberry perishes easily due to its high water content and thin skin. It is important to extend the shelf life of mulberry by proper processing methods. In the present study, the influence of three drying techniques, including hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) on the quality maintenance of mulberry was comprehensively evaluated. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and the sensory and volatile flavor compounds of mulberry have been researched. The results showed that VFD treatment maintained the highest anthocyanins (6.99 mg/g), total flavones (3.18 mg/g), and soluble sugars (2.94 mg/g), and exhibited the best DPPH· (81.2%) and ABTS+· (79.9%) scavenging ability. Mulberry also presented the lowest hardness and the greatest brittleness after VFD. Additionally, VFD maintained the optimal color and presented the best sensory attributes. Furthermore, 30, 20, and 32 kinds of volatile flavor compounds were detected in HAD, VD, and VFD, respectively, among which aldehydes, esters, and ketones were the most abundant compounds. This study indicated the potential application value of VFD for the drying of fruit and vegetable foodstuffs.
Comparison of Health Parameters in Postpartum Diastasis Recti: A Randomized Control Trial of SEMG Biofeedback-Assisted Core Strengthening Exercises with Kinesiotaping vs. Non-Assisted Exercises
Authors: Afzal Ujala , Saeed Quratulain , Anwar Muhammad Nabeel , Pervaiz Sanna , Shahid Manahil , Javed Rimsha , Ali Muhammad Umair , Lee Seung Won
Published: August 2024

Current medical treatments for diastasis recti often involve exercises to strengthen the core muscles, along with abdominal binders or supports. However, there is limited evidence comparing the effectiveness of surface electromyography (SEMG) biofeedback-assisted core strengthening exercises combined with kinesiotaping to other approaches. This study aimed to assess the impact of three interventions on core strength, inter-rectus distance, and quality of life in postpartum women with diastasis recti. The interventions included core strengthening exercises with kinesiotaping and SEMG biofeedback-assisted core strengthening with kinesiotaping. This randomized controlled trial (NCT05897255) included 24 postpartum women divided into three groups. We measured inter-rectus distance, quality of life using the Short Form Health Survey 36, and core strength using the McGill torso battery test. The SEMG biofeedback provided auditory and visual cues. We used one-way analysis of variance to compare outcomes between groups, while a t-test for within-group analysis. Both the SEMG biofeedback-assisted and non-assisted core strengthening exercises with kinesiotaping groups showed significantly greater improvements in energy, bodily pain, general health, physical functioning, and limitations due to physical problems than the core strengthening group. Additionally, the SEMG biofeedback-assisted group demonstrated a greater reduction in inter-rectus distance. There were no statistically significant differences in core strength improvement among the three groups. Core strengthening exercises with SEMG-assisted kinesiotaping were superior to core strengthening alone in reducing inter-rectus distance, enhancing physical function, energy levels, and general health, and decreasing bodily pain and limitations due to physical problems. Core strength improvements were similar across all groups.
Dental Aesthetics and Self-Esteem of Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Sagi Muhammad Syafiee , Mohd Zuhairi Faris Azim , Wan Hassan Wan Nurazreena
Published: August 2024

(1) Objective: This study aimed to investigate how patients’ perceptions of their dental aesthetics and their sense of self-esteem are related. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 141 new patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Patients completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three parts: the Malaysian Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES-M), and Aesthetics Component of the Index of Orthodontics Treatment Need (IOTN-AC). Clinical assessment comprised the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontics Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC). Multiple linear regression was performed, with self-esteem as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the domains of PIDAQ; IOTN-AC; IOTN-DHC; and patients’ demographics, such as age, gender, and their level of education. (3) Results: The response rate was 96.5% (n = 136 respondents). The multiple linear regression found that, when the other predictors in the model are held constant, Social Impact, Aesthetic Concern, and Dental Self-Confidence are the factors that significantly contributed to explaining the variation in self-esteem, accounting for, 3.9%, 2.3%, and 2.0%, respectively. The entire model explained 23% of the variation in self-esteem. (4) Conclusions: Domains of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics act as predictors of self-esteem in orthodontic treatment-seeking patients.
Cerebellar Metabolic Connectivity during Treadmill Walking before and after Unilateral Dopamine Depletion in Rats
Authors: Endepols Heike , Apetz Nadine , Vieth Lukas , Lesser Christoph , Schulte-Holtey Léon , Neumaier Bernd , Drzezga Alexander
Published: August 2024

Compensatory changes in brain connectivity keep motor symptoms mild in prodromal Parkinson’s disease. Studying compensation in patients is hampered by the steady progression of the disease and a lack of individual baseline controls. Furthermore, combining fMRI with walking is intricate. We therefore used a seed-based metabolic connectivity analysis based on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model. At baseline and in the chronic phase 6–7 months after lesion, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of [18F]FDG and spent 50 min walking on a horizontal treadmill, followed by a brain PET-scan under anesthesia. High activity was found in the cerebellar anterior vermis in both conditions. At baseline, the anterior vermis showed hardly any stable connections to the rest of the brain. The (future) ipsilesional cerebellar hemisphere was not particularly active during walking but was extensively connected to many brain areas. After unilateral dopamine depletion, rats still walked normally without obvious impairments. The ipsilesional cerebellar hemisphere increased its activity, but narrowed its connections down to the vestibulocerebellum, probably aiding lateral stability. The anterior vermis established a network involving the motor cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Adding those regions to the vermis network of (previously) automatic control of locomotion suggests that after unilateral dopamine depletion considerable conscious and cognitive effort has to be provided to achieve stable walking.
Divergent Processing of Cell Stress Signals as the Basis of Cancer Progression: Licensing NFκB on Chromatin
Authors: Vlahopoulos Spiros A.
Published: August 2024

Inflammation is activated by diverse triggers that induce the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, which permit a succession of molecules and cells to deliver stimuli and functions that help the immune system clear the primary cause of tissue damage, whether this is an infection, a tumor, or a trauma. During inflammation, short-term changes in the expression and secretion of strong mediators of inflammation occur, while long-term changes occur to specific groups of cells. Long-term changes include cellular transdifferentiation for some types of cells that need to regenerate damaged tissue, as well as death for specific immune cells that can be detrimental to tissue integrity if they remain active beyond the boundaries of essential function. The transcriptional regulator NFκB enables some of the fundamental gene expression changes during inflammation, as well as during tissue development. During recurrence of malignant disease, cell stress-induced alterations enable the growth of cancer cell clones that are substantially resistant to therapeutic intervention and to the immune system. A number of those alterations occur due to significant defects in feedback signal cascades that control the activity of NFκB. Specifically, cell stress contributes to feedback defects as it overrides modules that otherwise control inflammation to protect host tissue. NFκB is involved in both the suppression and promotion of cancer, and the key distinctive feature that determines its net effect remains unclear. This paper aims to provide a clear answer to at least one aspect of this question, namely the mechanism that enables a divergent response of cancer cells to critical inflammatory stimuli and to cell stress in general.
Transcriptomic Analysis across Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Claw Regeneration Reveals Potential Stem Cell Sources for Cultivated Crustacean Meat
Authors: Musgrove Lisa , Bhojwani Avani , Hyde Cameron , Glendinning Susan , Nocillado Josephine , Russell Fraser D. , Ventura Tomer
Published: August 2024

In the face of rising global demand and unsustainable production methods, cultivated crustacean meat (CCM) is proposed as an alternative means to produce delicious lobster, shrimp, and crab products. Cultivated meat requires starting stem cells that may vary in terms of potency and the propensity to proliferate or differentiate into myogenic (muscle-related) tissues. Recognizing that regenerating limbs are a non-lethal source of tissue and may harbor relevant stem cells, we selected those of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus as our model. To investigate stem cell activity, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis across six stages of claw regeneration (four pre-molt and two post-molt stages), along with histology and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our results showed that while genes related to energy production, muscle hypertrophy, and exoskeletal cuticle synthesis dominated the post-molt stages, growth factor receptors (FGFR, EGFR, TGFR, and BMPR) and those related to stem cell proliferation and potency (Cyclins, CDKs, Wnts, C-Myc, Klf4, Sox2, PCNA, and p53) were upregulated before the molt. Pre-molt upregulation in several genes occurred in two growth peaks; Stages 2 and 4. We therefore propose that pre-molt limb regeneration tissues, particularly those in the larger Stage 4, present a prolific and non-lethal source of stem cells for CCM development.
DNA Damage and Repair in PBMCs after Internal Ex Vivo Irradiation with [223Ra]RaCl2 and [177Lu]LuCl3 Mixtures
Authors: Strobel Isabella , Schumann Sarah , Müller Jessica , Buck Andreas K. , Port Matthias , Lassmann Michael , Eberlein Uta , Scherthan Harry
Published: August 2024

The combination of high and low LET radionuclides has been tested in several patient studies to improve treatment response. Radionuclide mixtures can also be released in nuclear power plant accidents or nuclear bomb deployment. This study investigated the DNA damage response and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after internal exposure of blood samples of 10 healthy volunteers to either no radiation (baseline) or different radionuclide mixtures of the α- and β-emitters [223Ra]RaCl2 and [177Lu]LuCl3, i.e., 25 mGy/75 mGy, 50 mGy/50 mGy and 75 mGy/25 mGy, respectively. DSB foci and γ-H2AX α-track enumeration directly after 1 h of exposure or after 4 h or 24 h of repair revealed that radiation-induced foci (RIF) and α-track induction in 100 cells was similar for mixed α/β and pure internal α- or β-irradiation, as were the repair rates for all radiation qualities. In contrast, the fraction of unrepaired RIF (Qβ) in PBMCs after mixed α/β-irradiation (50% 223Ra & 50% 177Lu: Qβ = 0.23 ± 0.10) was significantly elevated relative to pure β-irradiation (50 mGy: Qβ, pure = 0.06 ± 0.02), with a similar trend being noted for all mixtures. This α-dose-dependent increase in persistent foci likely relates to the formation of complex DNA damage that remains difficult to repair.
Impact of Skin Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene in Rat Model: Insights into Epidermal Cell Function and Draining Lymph Node Cell Response
Authors: Malešević Anastasija , Tucović Dina , Kulaš Jelena , Mirkov Ivana , Popović Dušanka , Čakić Milošević Maja , Popov Aleksandrov Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

The skin is a direct target of the air pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). While its carcinogenic qualities are well-studied, the immunotoxicity of BaP after dermal exposure is less understood. This study examines the immunomodulatory effects of a 10-day epicutaneous BaP application, in environmentally/occupationally relevant doses, by analyzing ex vivo skin immune response (skin explant, epidermal cells and draining lymph node/DLN cell activity), alongside the skin’s reaction to sensitization with experimental hapten dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The results show that BaP application disrupts the structure of the epidermal layer and promotes immune cell infiltration in the dermis. BaP exposure led to oxidative stress in epidermal cells, characterized by decreased reduced glutathione and increased AHR and Cyp1A1 expression. Production and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β) by epidermal cells decreased, while IL-10 response increased. Decreased spontaneous production of IFN-γ and IL-17, along with unchanged IL-10, was observed in DLC cells, whereas ConA-stimulated production of these cytokines was elevated. Local immunosuppression caused by BaP application seems to reduce the skin’s response to an additional stimulus, evidenced by decreased effector activity of DLN cells three days after sensitization with DNCB. These findings provide new insight into the immunomodulatory effects and health risks associated with skin exposure to BaP.
Sex-Specific Differences in Kidney Function and Blood Pressure Regulation
Authors: Stamellou Eleni , Sterzer Viktor , Alam Jessica , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Dounousi Evangelia
Published: August 2024

Premenopausal women generally exhibit lower blood pressure and a lower prevalence of hypertension than men of the same age, but these differences reverse postmenopause due to estrogen withdrawal. Sexual dimorphism has been described in different components of kidney physiology and pathophysiology, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelin system, and tubular transporters. This review explores the sex-specific differences in kidney function and blood pressure regulation. Understanding these differences provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing hypertension and kidney diseases, considering the patient’s sex and hormonal status.
Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of Gene-Environment Interactions in Liver Disease Progression
Authors: Banerjee Anindita , Farci Patrizia
Published: August 2024

The liver is a complex organ that performs vital functions in the body. Despite its extraordinary regenerative capacity compared to other organs, exposure to chemical, infectious, metabolic and immunologic insults and toxins renders the liver vulnerable to inflammation, degeneration and fibrosis. Abnormal wound healing response mediated by aberrant signaling pathways causes chronic activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fibrosis plays a key role in liver carcinogenesis. Once thought to be irreversible, recent clinical studies show that hepatic fibrosis can be reversed, even in the advanced stage. Experimental evidence shows that removal of the insult or injury can inactivate HSCs and reduce the inflammatory response, eventually leading to activation of fibrolysis and degradation of ECM. Thus, it is critical to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in the context of liver fibrosis progression and regression in order to identify specific therapeutic targets for optimized treatment to induce fibrosis regression, prevent HCC development and, ultimately, improve the clinical outcome.
Computational Analyses Reveal Deregulated Clock Genes Associated with Breast Cancer Development in Night Shift Workers
Authors: Vivarelli Silvia , Spatari Giovanna , Costa Chiara , Giambò Federica , Fenga Concettina
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Women employed in shift jobs face heightened BC risk due to prolonged exposure to night shift work (NSW), classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This risk is linked to disruptions in circadian rhythms governed by clock genes at the cellular level. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to assess clock genes as potential BC biomarkers among women exposed to long-term NSW. Clock gene expression was analysed in paired BC and normal breast tissues within Nurses’ Health Studies I and II GEO datasets. Validation was performed on additional gene expression datasets from healthy night shift workers and women with varying BC susceptibility, as well as single-cell sequencing datasets. Post-transcriptional regulators of clock genes were identified through miRNA analyses. Significant alterations in clock gene expression in BC compared to normal tissues were found. BHLHE40, CIART, CLOCK, PDPK1, and TIMELESS were over-expressed, while HLF, NFIL3, NPAS3, PER1, PER3, SIM1, and TEF were under-expressed. The downregulation of PER1 and TEF and upregulation of CLOCK correlated with increased BC risk in healthy women. Also, twenty-six miRNAs, including miR-10a, miR-21, miR-107, and miR-34, were identified as potential post-transcriptional regulators influenced by NSW. In conclusion, a panel of clock genes and circadian miRNAs are suggested as BC susceptibility biomarkers among night shift workers, supporting implications for risk stratification and early detection strategies.
Post-Translational Variants of Major Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Provide New Insights into the Pathophysiology of the Disease
Authors: Bedja-Iacona Léa , Richard Elodie , Marouillat Sylviane , Brulard Céline , Alouane Tarek , Beltran Stéphane , Andres Christian R. , Blasco Hélène , Corcia Philippe , Veyrat-Durebex Charlotte , Vourc’h Patrick
Published: August 2024

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) affecting proteins during or after their synthesis play a crucial role in their localization and function. The modification of these PTMs under pathophysiological conditions, i.e., their appearance, disappearance, or variation in quantity caused by a pathological environment or a mutation, corresponds to post-translational variants (PTVs). These PTVs can be directly or indirectly involved in the pathophysiology of diseases. Here, we present the PTMs and PTVs of four major amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) proteins, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS, and TBK1. These modifications involve acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and enzymatic cleavage. We list the PTM positions known to be mutated in ALS patients and discuss the roles of PTVs in the pathophysiological processes of ALS. In-depth knowledge of the PTMs and PTVs of ALS proteins is needed to better understand their role in the disease. We believe it is also crucial for developing new therapies that may be more effective in ALS.
VEGF Polymorphisms (VEGF-936 C/T, VEGF-634 G/C and VEGF-2578 C/A) and Cardiovascular Implications in Long COVID Patients
Authors: Cozma Angela , Sitar-Tăuț Adela Viviana , Orășan Olga Hilda , Briciu Violeta , Leucuța Daniel , Sporiș Nicolae-Dan , Lazăr Andrada-Luciana , Mălinescu Toma-Vlad , Ganea Andreea-Maria , Sporiș Bianca Mihaela , Vlad Călin Vasile , Lupșe Mihaela , Țâru Mădălina-Gabriela , Procopciuc Lucia Maria
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness of the virus’s long-term non-pulmonary consequences. This study examined the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of VEGF and cardiac dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients recovering from COVID-19. This study included 67 patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19. VEGF-936C/T, VEGF-634G/C, and VEGF-2578C/A statuses were determined. Conventional echocardiography and arterial parameters assessments were performed at inclusion and at six months after the first assessment. For VEGF-936C/T, dominant and over-dominant models showed a significant increase in ejection fraction at six months after COVID (p = 0.044 and 0.048) and was also a predictive independent factor for the augmentation index (β = 3.07; p = 0.024). The dominant model showed a rise in RV-RA gradient (3.702 mmHg) (p = 0.028 95% CI: 0.040–7.363), with the over-dominant model indicating a greater difference (4.254 mmHg) (p = 0.025 95% CI: 0.624–7.884). The findings for VEGF-634G/C were not statistically significant, except for a difference in TAPSE during initial evaluation, using the codominant model. For VEGF-2578C/A, a difference in ventricular filling pressure (E/E’ratio) was best described under the recessive model. Our research suggests that the VEG-936C/T genotype may impact the baseline level and subsequent changes in cardiac function and subclinical atherosclerosis. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex correlation between genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular disfunction in long COVID patients.
Emerging Diagnostics in Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Hulme John P.
Published: August 2024

Clostridioides difficile detection in community settings is time-intensive, resulting in delays in diagnosing and quarantining infected individuals. However, with the advent of semi-automated devices and improved algorithms in recent decades, the ability to discern CDI infection from asymptomatic carriage has significantly improved. This, in turn, has led to efficiently regulated monitoring systems, further reducing endemic risk, with recent concerns regarding a possible surge in hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infections post-COVID failing to materialize. This review highlights established and emerging technologies used to detect community-acquired Clostridioides difficile in research and clinical settings.
Biomaterials Designed to Modulate Reactive Oxygen Species for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Diabetic Conditions
Authors: Li Mingshan , Zhao Zhihe , Yi Jianru
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by enduring hyperglycemia, precipitates oxidative stress, engendering a spectrum of complications, notably increased bone vulnerability. The genesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of oxygen metabolism, instigates oxidative detriment and impairs bone metabolism in diabetic conditions. This review delves into the mechanisms of ROS generation and its impact on bone homeostasis within the context of diabetes. Furthermore, the review summarizes the cutting-edge progress in the development of ROS-neutralizing biomaterials tailored for the amelioration of diabetic osteopathy. These biomaterials are engineered to modulate ROS dynamics, thereby mitigating inflammatory responses and facilitating bone repair. Additionally, the challenges and therapeutic prospects of ROS-targeted biomaterials in clinical application of diabetic bone disease treatment is addressed.
Revolutionizing Cardiac Imaging: A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography, CTA, and Cardiac MRI
Authors: Moradi Ali , Olanisa Olawale O. , Nzeako Tochukwu , Shahrokhi Mehregan , Esfahani Eman , Fakher Nastaran , Khazeei Tabari Mohamad Amin
Published: August 2024

Background and Introduction: Cardiac imaging is crucial for diagnosing heart disorders. Methods like X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs provide detailed anatomical and functional heart images. AI can enhance these imaging techniques with its advanced learning capabilities. Method: In this scoping review, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) Guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related keywords on 16 April 2024. From 3679 articles, we first screened titles and abstracts based on the initial inclusion criteria and then screened the full texts. The authors made the final selections collaboratively. Result: The PRISMA chart shows that 3516 articles were initially selected for evaluation after removing duplicates. Upon reviewing titles, abstracts, and quality, 24 articles were deemed eligible for the review. The findings indicate that AI enhances image quality, speeds up imaging processes, and reduces radiation exposure with sensitivity and specificity comparable to or exceeding those of qualified radiologists or cardiologists. Further research is needed to assess AI’s applicability in various types of cardiac imaging, especially in rural hospitals where access to medical doctors is limited. Conclusions: AI improves image quality, reduces human errors and radiation exposure, and can predict cardiac events with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
Numerical Analysis of the Sediment Erosion of the Balance Valve in a Buoyancy Regulation System
Authors: Liu Hao , Yang Shenshen , Wang Lei , Li Yulong , Mi Lei , Yuan Fangyang , Ye Cong
Published: August 2024

Numerical analysis of the sediment erosion of the balance valve in a buoyancy regulation system was performed. A numerical model for the two-phase flow inside the balance valve was constructed based on the discrete phase model. The sediment erosion rate on the balance valve was discussed, and the effects of five parameters were considered. The effects of the sediment concentration and valve opening were found to be significant, while the effects of the pressure difference, sediment density, and size were found to be moderate. The erosion rate, according to the numerical results, increased linearly with the sediment concentration, so long-term operation of a buoyancy regulation system in high-concentration areas should be avoided. The erosion rate was the highest when the valve opening was 46.3%, so half-open operating conditions are not recommended. The erosion rate was proportional to the square root of the pressure difference. However, adjusting the pressure difference may not be an effective method for regulating the total erosion. The superposition of the secondary flow and the main stream caused particles to spiral along with the fluid, resulting in asymmetric erosion at the working edge. The erosion rate on the working edge decreased with the increase in the sediment size. Conversely, the erosion rate on the valve ball surface increased with the sixth power of the sediment size. Considering that large particles are more likely to cause a blockage, it is recommended to install a seawater pretreatment device at the inlet to prevent large sediments from entering the valve and to improve the working life of the buoyancy regulation system.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Pneumo-Electric Hybrid-Driven Pipeline Inspection Robot in Low-Pressure Gas Pipeline
Authors: Su Yuming , Yang Lijian , Geng Hao , Huang Ping , Zheng Fuyin , Zheng Wenxue , Gao Pengfei
Published: August 2024

Intelligent pipeline inspection is necessary to operate submarine pipelines safely. At present, speed excursion and blockage are the challenges in the inspection of low-pressure gas pipelines. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel pneumo-electric hybrid-driven scheme to improve the traveling stability of inspection robots. To adapt to different working conditions, building blocks and CFD numerical simulation methods are used to study the throttling pressure control flow field of the robot. The results proved that the flow clearance had the most evident effect. The flow clearance was reduced from 30 to 5 mm, and the differential pressure of the prototype increased from 0.3 to 17 kPa. The skeleton diameter has a small effect on the differential pressure. The differential pressure increases as the gas velocity increases. By analyzing the prototype in different positions, it was found that the differential pressure of the prototype while passing the elbow decreased by 45% at 45°, which quantified the fluid-driven force gap of the prototype while passing through the elbow. Finally, by comparing the speed of prototype with that of fluid-driven pig, it is demonstrated that a pneumo-electric hybrid-driven scheme is an effective solution to the problem of unstable inspection operation of low-pressure gas pipelines.
Optimization of Trajectory Generation and Tracking Control Method for Autonomous Underwater Docking
Authors: Ni Tian , Sima Can , Li Shaobin , Zhang Lindan , Wu Haibo , Guo Jia
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a receding horizon optimization-based docking control method to address the autonomy and safety challenge of underwater docking between manned submersibles and unmanned vehicles, facilitating the integration of docking trajectory generation and tracking control. A novel approach for optimizing and generating reference trajectory is proposed to construct a docking corridor that satisfies safe collision-free and visual guidance effective regions. It generates dynamically feasible and continuously smooth docking trajectories by rolling optimization. Subsequently, a docking trajectory tracking control method based on nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is designed, which is specifically tailored to address thruster saturation and system state constraints while ensuring the feasibility and stability of the control system. The control performance and robustness of underwater docking were validated through simulation experiments. The optimized trajectory generated is continuous, smooth, and complies with the docking constraints. The control system demonstrates superior tracking accuracy than backstepping control, even under conditions where the model has a 40% error and bounded disturbances from currents are present. The research findings presented in this study contribute significantly to enhancing safety and efficiency in deep-sea development.
Involvement of LaeA and Velvet Proteins in Regulating the Production of Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Hou Xuwen , Liu Liyao , Xu Dan , Lai Daowan , Zhou Ligang
Published: August 2024

Fungi are rich sources of secondary metabolites of agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and food importance, such as mycotoxins, antibiotics, and antitumor agents. Secondary metabolites play vital roles in fungal pathogenesis, growth and development, oxidative status modulation, and adaptation/resistance to various environmental stresses. LaeA contains an S-adenosylmethionine binding site and displays methyltransferase activity. The members of velvet proteins include VeA, VelB, VelC, VelD and VosA for each member with a velvet domain. LaeA and velvet proteins can form multimeric complexes such as VosA-VelB and VelB-VeA-LaeA. They belong to global regulators and are mainly impacted by light. One of their most important functions is to regulate gene expressions that are responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The aim of this mini-review is to represent the newest cognition of the biosynthetic regulation of mycotoxins and other fungal secondary metabolites by LaeA and velvet proteins. In most cases, LaeA and velvet proteins positively regulate production of fungal secondary metabolites. The regulated fungal species mainly belong to the toxigenic fungi from the genera of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Fusarium, Magnaporthe, Monascus, and Penicillium for the production of mycotoxins. We can control secondary metabolite production to inhibit the production of harmful mycotoxins while promoting the production of useful metabolites by global regulation of LaeA and velvet proteins in fungi. Furthermore, the regulation by LaeA and velvet proteins should be a practical strategy in activating silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi to obtain previously undiscovered metabolites.
Impact of Diversity and Inclusion on Firm Performance: Moderating Role of Institutional Ownership
Authors: Saha Rubel , Kabir Md Nurul , Hossain Syed Asif , Rabby Sheikh Mohammad
Published: August 2024

We investigate the impact of diversity and inclusion (D&I) on firm performance for the period 2017–2021. While the existing literature examines the relationship between diversity and firm performance, little is known about the combined effects of D&I on firm performance. This study aims to utilize the most widely used data source, the Global Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Index, provided by the LSEG workspace. Using 8089 firm-year observations from a sample of globally listed firms and an OLS regression model, we find that firms with a higher D&I score have better firm performance, as measured by Tobin’s Q. Our moderating analysis shows that the impact of D&I on firm performance is more pronounced for firms with higher institutional ownership. We also split institutional ownership into domestic and foreign institutional ownership and show that the influence of D&I on firm performance differs between domestic and foreign institutional ownership. Our result is robust when we use an alternative proxy for firm performance and consider the findings without US firms in the sample. The overall findings indicate that considering a diverse and inclusive workforce is worthwhile for key stakeholders when making policy decisions.
Peri-Urban and Urban Green Space Management and Planning: The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Baxevani Maria , Tsiotas Dimitrios , Kolkos Georgios , Zafeiriou Eleni , Arabatzis Garyfallos
Published: August 2024

With the increase in population and commercial development, urban development has led to a decrease in natural vegetation and an increase in solid surfaces, which negatively affect the environment. Maintaining green spaces in cities is emerging as a critical intervention for improving living conditions. This research, conducted in Thessaloniki, revealed that citizens face problems in using green space, which needs to be addressed. Through questionnaires distributed online, we examined citizens’ concerns about urban green space, including the peri-urban forest of Thessaloniki and its cities. The need for regeneration and new green networks is highlighted, as well as the importance of citizen participation in the management of these spaces at the local level. The analysis of the data results in proposals for action, including the regeneration of green spaces, their interconnection with cycle paths and pedestrian walkways, and the creation of a network of applications to inform citizens. These proposals are important for improving the environment and enhancing sustainability in urban development.
Trace Elements Anomalous Concentrations in Building Materials—The Impact of Secondary Mineralisation Processes
Authors: Pękala Agnieszka , Koszelnik Piotr , Musiał Michał , Galek Tomasz
Published: August 2024

The Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co, As, Sr, Ba, and Zr content has been determined in the tested rock raw materials. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) was found to be elevated in all types of rock materials and was found on average to be: 1.39 mg/kg in limestones, 0.86 mg/kg—sandstones, 0.44 mg/kg—diatomites, 0.55 mg/kg—opoka rocks, 0.89 mg/kg—marls, 0.21 mg/kg—gaizes 0.42 mg/kg—kaolin clays, and 2.13 mg/kg—decalcified opoka rocks. Higher concentrations of arsenic (As) have also been recorded in sandstones and diatomites, as well as lead (Pb) in limestones and sandstones. The results obtained indicate that the anomalous level of elements is of natural origin and the results of identified secondary mineralisation processes that have affected the tested materials. Pyritization and sulfatization processes have been detected. Mineralogical research has shown that these processes can be associated with the activity of biochemical processes caused by the decomposition of the soft tissues of animal organisms and the organic substances of plant origin that fill the stylolites. It has been shown that the content of strontium (Sr) increases in geologically older Jurassic formations compared to younger Cretaceous formations, which can be used in the monitoring of building materials.
Characterization of Wear Resistance and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Paste Borided Layers Produced on Pure Titanium
Authors: Dziarski Piotr , Makuch Natalia
Published: August 2024

Commercially pure titanium was plasma paste borided using various temperatures of the process. An increase in the boriding temperature resulted in an increase in the thickness of the borided layer. All the layers produced consisted of an outer compact TiB2 zone and an inner TiB zone in the form of whiskers penetrating into the substrate. The presence of hard titanium borides resulted in a significant increase in wear resistance compared to non-borided pure titanium. However, the thickness of the layer produced strongly influenced the wear behavior, in respect of the time required for complete destruction of the layer. Higher wear resistance was characteristic of the TiB2 layer due to its compact nature, whereas the specific morphology of TiB whiskers resulted in their lower wear resistance compared to the outer TiB2 layer. Plasma paste boriding of pure titanium also had an advantageous effect on corrosion resistance compared to non-borided pure titanium. Simultaneously, due to the higher thickness of TiB2 layer, the specimen borided at a higher temperature showed higher corrosion resistance.