bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DA INCLUSÃO DAS DESPESAS COM CAPATAZIA NA BASE DE CÁLCULO DO IMPOSTO DE IMPORTAÇÃO: ASPECTOS PRÁTICOS E TEÓRICOS
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Jacob
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a legalidade da inclusão das despesas com capatazia na base de cálculo do Imposto de Importação, determinada por Instrução Normativa da Secretaria da Receita Federal. Far-se-á uma análise sob a ótica da Regra Matriz de Incidência Tributária, em especial do seu aspecto temporal; da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça; e dos tratados internacionais contra bitributação. O final do trabalho será dedicado a questões relacionadas à identificação das despesas com capatazia e ao procedimento para cálculo do valor a ser restituído.
Analisis Pendekatan Saintifik sebagai Indikator Berpikir Ilmiah dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Ofianto Ofianto , Ningsih Tri Zahra
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the concept of a scientific approach that is generally accepted for all subjects in the curriculum in Indonesia is be able to become a basis for scientific thinking in history learning. This research is descriptive quantitative research with a survey method that aims to obtain information about the scientific thinking abilities of students in schools. The research subjects consisted of 60 high school students in Indonesia. The data was collected through a written test in the form of a description. Data analysis techniques using Partial Credit Model (PCM) with the help of the Quest program. The findings of the study showed that students who were able to answer questions in category 3 were less than 50%. These data indicate that the scientific approach that applies in general to all subjects in the curriculum in Indonesia has not been able to become the basis for students' scientific thinking skills in history learning. Based on this, the authors recommend four skills in historical learning, namely historical literacy, historical thinking, historical consciousness, and historical reasoning to be the basis for scientific thinking in historical learning.

Keywords: Scientific Approach, Scientific Thinking, Historical Literacy, Historical Thinking, Historical Consciousness, and Historical Reasoning

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana konsep pendekatan ilmiah yang berlaku umum untuk semua mata pelajaran dalam kurikulum di Indonesia mampu menjadi landasan berpikir ilmiah dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi gambaran tentang kemapuan berpikir ilmiah siswa di sekolah. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 60 siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes tertulis dalam bentuk uraian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Partial Credit Model (PCM) dengan bantuan program Quest. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik yang mampu menjawab soal pada kategori 3 kurang dari 50%. Data tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pendekatan ilmiah yang berlaku secara umum untuk semua mata pelajaran dalam kurikulum di Indonesia belum mampu menjadi landasan keterampilan berpikir ilmiah siswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis merekomendasikan empat keterampilan dalam pembelajaran sejarah yaitu historical literacy, historical thinking, historical consciousness, dan historical reasoning untuk menjadi landasan berpikir ilmiah dalam pembalajaran sejarah.

Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Ilmiah, Berpikir Ilmiah, Historical Literacy, Historical Thinking, Historical Consciousness, dan Historical Reasoning.
Inovasi Pendidikan Karakter Bangsa Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Sejarah Perjuangan Pangeran Sambernyowo di Era Masyarakat 5. 0
Authors: Birsyada Muhammad Iqbal , Siswanta Siswanta
Published: July 2021

Pendidikan secara esensial dan kultural pada hakikatnya bertujuan untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai kebudayaan yang menjadi identitas karakter masyarakat dan bangsa. Nilai-nilai esensial tersebut dapat dikembangkan melalui berbagai cara seperti penguatan nilai-nilai karakter kebangsaan (nation caracter building). Dengan melalui materi-materi di dalamnya maka masyarakat dapat diarahkan untuk memecahkan persoalan-persoalan (social problem) yang sedang mereka hadapi dalam rangka tujuan utamanya adalah penanaman karakter kebangsaan. Pada konteks pendidikan, nilai-nilai karakter kebangsaan ini pada akhirnya akan menjadi dasar dalam bersosialisasi dan berinteraksi masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis tentang nilai-niai sejarah perjuangan Pangeran Sambernyowo yang kemudian dapat dikembangkan menjadi sebuah prototipe model pendidikan karakter bangsa pada masyarakat era 5. 0. Di era digital dan virtual pada saat ini model pengembangan pendidikan karakter bangsa menjadi sangat vital khususnya untuk proses pewarisan nilai-nilai karakter budaya bagi generasi millennial yang rentan akan krisis sosial-kebangsaan. Selain itu artikel ini juga memberikan langkah-langkah strategis dan inovatif perihal proses penanaman nilai-nilai karakter kebangsaan dari kognitif hingga afektif ke pada peserta didik.

Katakunci: Pendidikan, Karakter Bangsa, Nilai-Nilai Sejarah, Perjuangan, Pangeran Sambernyowo, Masyarakat 5. 0.
Efektivitas E-Modul Berbasis Anyflip untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penguasaan Materi Peserta Didik pada Materi Nilai dan Norma Sosial Kelas X di SMA N 3 Payakumbuh
Authors: Santika Arena , Sylvia Ike
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena rendahnya kemampuan kognitif peserta didik dalam memahami materi pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan modul elektronik (e-modul) yang efektif meningkatkan kemampuan penguasaan materi peserta didik pada pembelajaran sosiologi SMA khusunya keals X. E-modul yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah e-modul berbasis anyflip yang efektif digunakan oleh peserta didik. Untuk menguji efektifitas tersebut peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest design. E-modul berbasis anyflip yang dihasilkan ini dapat dilihat keefektifannya melalui hasil belajar peserta didik dalam meningkatkan penguasaan materi melalui soal pretest-posttest. Uji coba dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas X IPS 4 di SMA N 3 Payakumbuh, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 orang. Dapat dilihat dari perbedaan rata-rata hasil nilai pretest sebesar 72,82 dan rata-rata hasil posttest sebesar 87,05. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji normalitas data, uji homogenitas data dan uji hipotesis. Hasil uji normalitas dan homogenitas memperlihatkan data pretest dan posttest normal dan homogen. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan formula uji t (t-test) yang memperlihatkan nilai t hitung yang diperoleh adalah 1,80 dan nilai t tabel dengan df 66 adalah 1,671, sehingga nilai t hitung > t tabel. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan e-modul berbasis anyflip pada pembelajaran sosiologi SMA kelas X IPS 4 materi nilai dan norma sosial terhadap hasil belajar mereka. Artinya penggunaan e-modul berbasis anyflip pada pembelajaran sosiologi SMA kelas X materi nilai dan norma sosial efektif dan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas X IPS 4 SMAN 3 Payakumbuh, khususnya materi nilai dan norma sosial.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF URETHRAL PROFILOMETRY IN CHILDREN: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICAL USE
Authors:   Pediatric Surgery Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Guseva N.B. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia,   Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia, Nikitin S.S. ,   Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia
Published: July 2021

In pediatric neuro-urology, the method of urodynamic studies – urethra profirometry (UP) – is one of the main ones, but still inferior in frequency to cystometry and uropometry. The main indications for use of the UP method are stress urinary incontinence and a comprehensive examination of neurological patients. The long-term focus of the UP results has been on decreasing the closure function of the urethral sphincter. The article summarizes the material on the application of the UP method in children, describes the techniques, indications and possible results of the research on the practical significance of the reduction of intraurethral pressure, its high rates and instability.
«ADAMTS13 – VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR – PLATELETS» SYSTEM IN ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia, Emirova Kh.М. ,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Orlova O.M. ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Chichuga E.M. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia, Мuzurov А.L. ,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Morozova N.V. ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia, Tolstova E.M. ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia, Mstislavskaia S.A. ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia, Abaseeva T.Y. ,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Generalova G.A. ,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Pankratenko T.Е. ,   Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Oblast Regional Scientific and Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia, Avdonin P.V. ,   Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an orphan disease caused by hyperactivation of the alternative complement pathway. Objective of the study: to assess the state of the «ADAMTS13 – von Willebrand factor (vWF) – platelets» system in children with aHUS. Materials and methods of research: [by the FRET method (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) for the FRETSVWF73 (Peptide Institude, Inc., Japan)] hydrolysis of the fluorescent substrate and ADAMTS13 antigen [by ELISA using TECHNOZYM® ADAMTS13 5450551 ELISA (Technoclone GmbH, Austria)], vWF activity [for platelet agglutination (aggregation) in the presence of ristomycin (NPO Renam reagent kit for the ALAT-230LA-2 aggregometer, Russia)] and vWF antigen [by ELISA using the TECHNOZYM® vWF kit: Ag 5450201 ELISA (Technoclone GmbH , Austria)]. Results: there was a decrease in the activity and concentration of ADAMTS13 in 63% and 62% of patients, respectively. A decrease in vWF activity was noted in 44% of cases, an increase in its concentration – in 54% of children. Thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 99% of children. Conclusion: the imbalance in the «ADAMTS13 – vWF – platelets» system supports the process of thrombus formation with the development of organ ischemia in aHUS under conditions of endothelial dysfunction. Reduced ADAMTS13 activity predicts the severity of the disease.
POSSIBILITIES OF A LABORATORY TEST BASED ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE T-CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH SPECIFIC CFP10 AND ESAT6 ANTIGENS IN THE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Tatarstan Republican Regional Clinical Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, Fatykhova R.H. , Bаryshnikovа L.А. ,   N.V. Postnikov Samara Oblast Regional Clinical Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Samara, Russia, Kudlay D.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia, Alekseev A.P. ,   Tatarstan Republican Regional Clinical Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, Kabaeva M.N. ,   N.V. Postnikov Samara Oblast Regional Clinical Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Samara, Russia
Published: July 2021

Objective of the study: to explore the possibilities of T-SPOT.TB testing to detect tuberculosis infection (TI) in children and adolescents. Materials and methods of research: the design – a multicenter retrospective cohort noncomparative uncontrolled study. The results of examination of children aged 1 to 17 years using the T-SPOT.TB test (n=1565): 774 boys (49,5%), 791 girls (50,5%). The median age of children is 8 [5; 13] years. Results: the rate of positive T-SPOT.TB tests was 7,2% (n=113). Further examination and in-depth examination of children with positive results (n=28), in every 4th case, a history of contact with a tuberculosis (TB) patient was established, every 4th child had previously been under treatment with phthisiatrician. The coincidence of positive results of the T-SPOT.TB test with the Mantoux test – in 87%, with the test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen – in 100% of cases. Local TB in the phase of reverse development was detected in one child (4%), active TB – in 2 (7%). Conclusion: the T-SPOT.TB test is an alternative method for screening children for TI.
CLINICAL CASE OF CONGENITAL FASCIAL DYSTROPHY SYNDROME IN A 3-YEAR-OLD CHILD: THE FIRST DESCRIPTION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Korotky N.G. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Botkina A.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Kletskaya I.S. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the problem of hereditary diseases of the connective tissue, namely fibrillinopathies. Their rarest manifestations are considered – stiff skin syndrome – Stiffsyndrome and congenital fascial dystrophy. The first clinical case of this pathology in 3-year-old boy in Russia is described.
Food Marketing: The influence of organic greenwash towards Malaysian consumers' trust: A conceptual paper
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Azman , Hj Mohd Ruslan Rafiatul Adlin , Yen Thong Foong
Published: July 2021

This research is focusing on the influence of greenwash on Malaysian consumers' trust towards organic food products. Malaysian consumers are becoming more aware and understand the importance of organic food products. Although Malaysia's organic market is still niche, many organic food products and organic retail/shops are available to purchase it. However, Malaysian consumers are concerned with the validity and credibility of organic food products, as many organic food products are from the local and importing country. Organic food products can relate to the greenwash that will impact consumers' trust towards organic food products. Therefore, the conceptual framework is developed by proposing four constructs - organic greenwashing, organic perceived risk, organic confusion and organic trust. The research will also focus on Malaysian consumers who have organic purchasing experience or intend to purchase organic food products. This conceptual paper will give insightful ideas for future research and give benefits to organic food retailing.
The Effect of Firm Size and Profitability on Firm Value with Capital Structure as Intervening Variables in Indonesia
Authors: Djashan Indra Arifin
Published: July 2021

This study examines the impact of firm size and profitability on firm value with capital structure as an intervening variable in financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during three years. The method used for sampling is purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. The number of samples in this study were 73 companies. Measurement of profitability is using ROA and ROE as one indicator to see company performance. The main purpose of companies that have gone public is to increase the prosperity of the owners or shareholders through increasing the value of the company. The results showed that the improvement of profitability and firm size may improve its capital structure. The improvement of profitability and the firm size may increase significantly the firm value. The results of mediating test showed that the capital structure is not able to mediate the relationship between the profitability and firm size to firm value
THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AFRICAN POST-COLONIAL POLITICS
Authors: BIMENYIMANA Theoneste
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to identify and critically assess the effects of appropriation of foreign political ideologies and practices in African political systems. This paper argues that there should be no leader, whatever his worth; look on his own personal problems to be exploited for the benefits of western’s Politics. Which will enable the African systems to develop, secondly, argues that Human Rights should be looked at to be an apportioned – responsibility, shared by both the former colonial powers and the current post-colonial political elites, rather than seeing Human rights promotion as yet another excuse to interfere or control other sovereign nations. The study will involve qualitative research involving reviewing other authors' literature, identifying current affairs, and critical assessing the ways in which neo-colonialism affects the different societies in transition from a colonial past to independence. The study is based on the fact that colonized countries, during the Cold War, suffered political oppression, economic exploitation, and social degradation, while alignment either with the capitalist or communist ideology failed. Currently there is a felt pressure to adopt a neoliberal ideology in order to access to have access to aid and investment. The study concludes with recommendations to third world leaders, to look at the people they lead as their responsibility, since no leader, whatever his/her worth, can replace the will of people. This results in a felt need to embrace democracy and such democratic values as: strong institutions, an independent judiciary and the separation of powers, individual and minority rights, and civil rights.
LE SYSTÈME JURIDIQUE UNITAIRE À L’EPREUVE DU DROIT COUTUMIER : LA NÉCESSITÉ D’UNE TERRITORIALISATION DU DROIT
Authors: GUÉMAR Carine
Published: July 2021

The unitary legal system vs. customary law: the need of territorialization. The French State is a unitary State as opposed to federal States, in which there is one Constitution providing for provisions applicable throughout the territory of the French Republic. Unity can be found in a legal unity first, in this the unitary Law is the one that does not admit of territorial differenciation. A political and organic unity, since there is only one Parliament, one Government. A social unity eventually, which consists of the admission of a single French people. If the French tradition is based on a centralized system, the implementation of the process of territorial decentralization led to reconsider the uniformity of the Law precisely with the question of territorial differenciation and territorialisation of Law. The present study proposes to return to the consideration by unitary Law of local territories including the overseas territories with the problem of reconciling such a system with customary Law.
Internal Micro-electrolysis Using Fe/C Material for Pre-Treatment of Concentrated Coking Wastewater
Authors: Nguyen Van Tu , Do Tra Huong , Vu Duy Nhan , Ngan Tran Thi Kim
Published: July 2021

Untreated coking effluent presents a great challenge for sustainable development of the steel industry and environment preservation. In this study, an internal micro-electrolysis method using Fe/C materials was employed for pretreatment of real coking wastewater with high mass concentration. The Fe/C materials were prepared by Fe powder and graphite powder; and the characteristics of surface morphology, structure, composition of the synthesized materials were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of factors namely dosage of Fe/C material, treatment time, initial pH and temperature were investigated via chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal efficiencies. Optimal treatment efficiency was attained at pH of 4, Fe/C dosage of 40 g/L, treatment time of 360 minutes and temperature of 25°C. After the internal electrolysis process, the values of COD, BOD5, and phenol of the wastewater were 6500, 4850 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively.
Heat transfer investigations in a liquid that is mixed by means of a multi-ribbon mixer
Authors: Borowski Tomasz , Sołoducha Dawid , Musik Daniel , Wójcik Krzysztof , Chyla Mariusz , Ziętarska Katarzyna , Friedrich Małgorzata , Kiełbus-Rąpała Anna , Kordas Marian , Konopacki Maciej , Rakoczy Rafał
Published: July 2021

The objective of this paper is to present the investigations of the heat transfer process carried out by means of the multi-ribbon mixer. It is shown that the heat transfer process for the synergic effect of the mixing process and the flowing liquid through the mixer has significantly higher values of the heat transfer coefficients than the mixer with motionless impellers. The empirical correlations between the heat transfer coefficient and the operational parameters obtained in this work can provide guidance for the design and operation of an apparatus equipped with the multi-ribbon impeller. These empirical correlations can be used to predict the heat transfer coefficient for the multi-ribbon mixer.
Commercial Kevlar derived activated carbons for CO2 and C2H4 sorption
Authors: Kaliszewski M. , Zgrzebnicki M. , Kałamaga A. , Pinjara S. , Wróbel R.J.
Published: July 2021

The carbonaceous precursor was obtained via pyrolysis of commercial aramid polymer (Kevlar). Additionally the precursor was activated at 1000°C in CO2 atmosphere for different times. Obtained materials were characterised by BET; XPS; SEM and optical microscopy. The sorption capacities were determined by temperature swing adsorption performed in TGA apparatus for CO2 and C2H4 gases. The obtained materials exhibit high difference in sorption of these gases i.e. 1.5 and 2.8 mmol/g @30°C respectively and high SSA ~1600 m2/g what can be applied in separation applications. The highest uptakes were 1.8 and 3.1 mmol/g @30°C respectively. It was found that the presence of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups enhances C2H4/CO2 uptake ratio.
Application of an Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Nonlinear Regression to Estimate Container Ship Length Between Perpendiculars
Authors: Cepowski Tomasz , Chorab Paweł , Łozowicka Dorota
Published: July 2021

Container ship length was estimated using artificial neural networks (ANN), as well as a random search based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression (MNLR). Two alternative equations were developed to estimate the length between perpendiculars based on container number and ship velocity using the aforementioned methods and an up-to-date container ship database. These equations could have practical applications during the preliminary design stage of a container ship. The application of heuristic techniques for the development of a MNLR model by variable and function randomisation leads to the automatic discovery of equation sets. It has been shown that an equation elaborated using this method, based on a random search, is more accurate and has a simpler mathematical form than an equation derived using ANN.
Blade Cup Method for Cavitation Reduction in Marine Propellers
Authors: Burak Samsul M.
Published: July 2021

Energy efficiency has become more important in every industry and daily life. Designing and building a more efficient marine vehicle can lead to lower fuel consumption and a longer lifetime for the components of the vehicle.

Erosion caused by cavitation reduces the service life of the propeller and the related components in the propulsion and maneuvering system. Reducing cavitation leads to a longer life for these components. This paper aims to explain and investigate propeller blade cup as a cavitation reduction method for marine propellers. A cavitating no-cup propeller is created and analyzed then the cupped version of this propeller is generated and analyzed to compare with the no-cup propeller. Cavitation results of these propellers are investigated. In addition, the thrust, torque, and efficiency of the propellers are compared.
Stability in a Two-Dimensional Dynamical System of Endogenous Growth with Public Capital
Authors: Borowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to present a stability in a two-dimensional dynamical system of endogenous growth with public capital. We assume the simple model of the economic growth, in which both private and public capital can influence on the rate of growth of knowledge. The public capital is rival but non excludable goods, i.e. there is a congestion in use of public capital. The model of growth is formulated as a two-dimensional dynamical system. Using mathematical methods of dynamical systems, we analyze growth paths as well as the stationary states of the system and their stability.
Performing the Activities of the Commercial Investment Advisor in Austria and of the Financial Advisor in Slovakia
Authors: Slezáková Andrea
Published: July 2021

Financial advisory means providing advice concerning various financial products such as loans, insurance and investments. The commercial investment advisor and the financial advisor develop individual analyses and concepts for their clients, in the sense of a comprehensive financial planning, about the type, construction, protection, maintenance, retention and possible uses of assets and financing. They respond to the special needs of their customers. Despite these common elements, there exist important distinctions in the regulation of the commercial investment advisor in Austria and of the financial advisor in Slovakia.
Influence of Strategic Factors on Early Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Amos Akinbola Olufemi , Tobi Babatolu Ayorinde , Arike Sanni Sekinat , Sariat Akinbola Omolola
Published: July 2021

The study on strategic factors and internationalization of small medium enterprises (SMEs) has continued to gain attention across the globe as most indigenous organization desire to take their products and services to international markets. As such, this study tried to ascertain the influence of the strategic factors element of the early internationalization process and tendencies of firms going to foreign market within the period of one to five years which signifies early internationalization. Two different objectives emanated from that main goal: The first is to investigate the influence of firm orientation on early internationalization mode, and the second is to assess the relationship between early internationalization strategies and success of SMEs. Two hypotheses were tested in line with the objectives through the data collected from purposively selected twenty companies in various industries through standardized questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was explored to evaluate the hypotheses and variable relationships. The findings reveal that strategic factors significantly affect internationalization of firms when organization put into consideration both external and internal factors towards internationalization, it further shows relationship exist between the factors and what affects SMEs from going global. The study finally recommends that SMEs should consider strategic factors as it will help them to avoid pitfalls while going international.
Sustainable fashion as a part of the circular economy concept
Authors: Matušovičová Monika
Published: July 2021

It has been shown that the textile and clothing industry have a negative impact on both the environmental and socio-economic field. The current trend in fashion, called sustainable fashion, is part of a new concept of circular economy, in which textiles and clothing are kept in the highest quality throughout their life cycle and then put back into circulation. The aim of the paper is to focus and evaluate the current knowledge base in the field of sustainable fashion and to clarify the basic approaches and strategies of circular fashion. The article uses mainly the description and comparison of theoretical knowledge and synthesis of analytical data from consulting companies and research agencies.
Analysis of the Western Balkans Territories Using the Index of Economic Freedom
Authors: Kašťáková Elena , Chlebcová Andrea
Published: July 2021

The aim of the paper is to assess the current state of economic freedom in the Western Balkans region using the Index of Economic Freedom. From the Western Balkans territories, the best rating in the observed period of 2010 – 2019 is achieved by the Republic of North Macedonia and the worst by Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2020 Index of Economic Freedom, the region belongs to the group of moderately free economies. The investment and business environment of the Western Balkans is at a low level. The reason is poor law enforcement, corruption, organized crime, or the shadow economy.
Food Security in the Era of Sustainable Organic Farming: A Comparison Between the Visegrad Group and India
Authors: Bhagat Priya Rani , Magda Róbert
Published: July 2021

The agriculture industry has undergone many developments that embraced automation, agro-chemical fertilizers, genetically modified organisms etc that brought exponential growth in productivity post industrial revolution. This growth resolved the food availability issues on a global scale, but rapid climate change has brought about a shift in production practices to more sustainable organic farming techniques from the conventional methods. The climate change effects and increase in greenhouse gas emissions adversely affected the overall agricultural output. The widespread perception is that adoption of organic farming can reduce the harmful greenhouse emissions and be less damaging to the environment, although expecting the same level of productivity as conventional farming is challenging. This gradual shift can cause future food security problems such as availability and affordability of food in developing countries. This article compares and analyses such trend in the Visegrad group (V4) and India. The comparison between a group of developed nations and a developing nation is of exploratory interest because V4 countries are regarded as high-income countries and they are leaders in organic cultivation practices since the 1980s, whereas India as a developing country has seen substantial conversion of agriculture land area from conventional to organic farming in the past decade.
Impact of Tax Policy on the Business Economy
Authors: Buliková Miriam , Bielik Peter , Belinska Stefaniia
Published: July 2021

Taxation and tax policy are relatively much-discussed topics within every society, and this has been so in the past, it is today, and it will be in the future. This is mainly due to the fact that no person or company is too fond of having to pay a certain part from their funds to the state in the form of taxes. Each state chooses its own tax policy and its own tax system so that the specified tax policy does not impede economy and economic development, but on the contrary, supports the business and economic growth. After the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union, Slovakia had to accept a certain state of tax regulations and rules that was valid in the European Union. This was mainly in order to use the common European market. The Slovak Republic has created its tax system in accordance with the rules of the European Union and has been trying to find a compromise between the amount of taxes necessary for the fulfilment of the state budget and the amount of taxes that would be most acceptable for the business sector and for people. Within the tax system, the Slovak Republic divides taxes into direct and indirect taxes, direct taxes imposed on labour, income and property, and taxes on consumption by indirect taxes. Recently, the prevailing opinion is that taxation should gradually shift from direct taxes to indirect taxes, to motivate people and businesses to achieve the best possible results, and subsequently raise the necessary funds based on the increased consumption. Recently, both in Slovakia and in the European Union, new excise taxes have been increasingly introduced. Traditional excise taxes such as taxes on mineral oils and fuels, tobacco and alcoholic beverages are complemented by energy, environmental, and electronic taxes. Slovakia and the European Union want to reduce the burden on the environment through these taxes on the one hand, and on the other hand, they must respond to the new challenges of globalization, information, and communication.
Distribution of Adult Education Participants in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Authors: Hajdú Dávid
Published: July 2021

The present study presents adult education institutions and participants in adult education at the national level, highlighting the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It shows the decrease in the number of tasks and the change in the types of maintainers, the decreasing trend of the number of privately maintained institutions and the number of students. Thanks to public interventions, private-run institutions have completely shrunk in the last 7 years due to support for training. Private institutions receive little or no state support for the teaching of the professions listed in the National Training Register, which means that students can only study in private schools for a fee. This decision resulted in the dissolution of most privately maintained institutions, their merging into local Vocational Training Centres or church institutions. The main goal of the research was to get a realistic picture of the causes of institutional change.
To the Question about the Functions of Rural Settlements in the Economic System of the Golden Horde
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology RAS, Yavorskaya Liliya V.
Published: July 2021

The study posed a question – nomadic steppe or rural settlements provided the cities of the Golden Horde with meat food. In the meat consumption of all the studied cities, the most important place was occupied by beef – the products of mainly rural settlements, lamb and horse meat – the products of steppe cattle breeding, played an auxiliary role. In the cities around which there were unlimited areas for grazing cattle, the proportion of beef in the diet was significantly, 10–20% higher than in steppe and semi-desert cities along the lower reaches of the Volga and Akhtuba, where a narrow strip of azonal landscapes significantly limited grazing. In cities that functioned in the 13th and 14th centuries, the proportion of beef increased significantly in the 14th century. This is due to the formation of rural districts by the 14th century and the establishment of regular supplies of the main meat product from them. The study of archaeozoological collections from five rural settlements of the Volga region and the Crimea revealed a high – 80–85%, the proportion of beef in their meat diet. This means a very high number of cattle kept in rural settlements in relation to other types of domestic ungulates. The villagers of the Golden Horde were engaged in specialized cattle breeding and were the main suppliers of meat products to the Golden Horde cities. In addition, they were important participants in the export of animal skins in the economic system of the state.
Monuments from Area Town of Madjary (the North Caucasus): current research developments
Authors:   «Heritage» Ltd, Babenko Vitaly A. , Obukhov Yuri D. ,   Kalmyk State University
Published: July 2021

The paper features the problem of selection of Golden Horde era sites located in the area neighbouring the town of Majary in the territory of the Middle Kuma valley. The bulk of information about the sites is mostly contained in archival documents relating to the 16th – 18th centuries. At present there is information about 9 sites. The locations of five of them have been discovered. Two sites could possibly be locations of the towns of Majary-al-Jedid and Karakogun, which are known due to numismatic and written sources. The medieval climate and landscape in the region allowed to a certain extent cultivating the Kuma river valley, prone to seasonal flooding. Permanent settlements in the area neighbouring Majary could have been founded in the Upland of the Kuma river valley or the terrace areas above the flood plain in the Kuma river valley or the Kuma tributaries. The areas of the estuaries of the left and the right tributaries of the Kuma river seem promising for the search of Golden Horde era artefacts of everyday life. The sites (“Orlovskoye-1”, 13th – 14th centuries, “Preobrazhenskoye-1”) which are situated in the neighborhood of the Madjary hillfort could relate to the rural area around Majary. Specification of a number of sites situated in some distance from Majary requires a more precise definition.
Evidences of Wooden Materials Utilization in Construction of Medieval Mongolian Towns in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region (13th – 14th CC.)
Authors:   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of the Far East, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEBRAS), Kradin Nikolay N. , Baksheeva Svetlana E. ,   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of the Far East, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEBRAS), Bondarenko Olesya V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of Terrestrial Biota of East Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences (FEBRAS), Kovychev Evgeny V. ,   Transbaikal State University, Kharinsky Artur V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: July 2021

Findings of structures remains discovered during excavations on Medieval Mongolian Sites in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region were summarized in the article. They were excavated during exploration of Alestui Mansion, at Khirkhira fortress, as well as at Konduy town site. The similar findings at Sutai Mansion in Buryatia, at Den-Terek fortress in Tuva, Karakorum, Shangdu, at Avraga fortress in Mongolia can be drawn on for comparison. In addition to traditional archaeological methods of the material investigation, an anatomical study of wood has been accomplished at Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEBRAS (Vladivostok). The study results evidence that some of samples collected belongs to Pinaceae, and one of them is the wood of Larix gmelinii or Dahurian Larch, vegetated in this region. Despite of rarity and fragmentariness of this kind of sources on Medieval sites of Central Asia and Far East, it was found out that the wood of local origin was utilized by the Mongols for monumental objects construction. This research is only a part of work on construction materials investigation of Medieval Mongolian Archaeological Culture.
Момент бесстрашия в философии: о возможности дальнодействующего общения настоящего с прошлым и будущим
Authors: Антипенко Л.Г.
Published: July 2021

Момент бесстрашия в философии есть метафорическое выражение гипотезы, согласно которой у человека есть возможность воздействовать, в определенном смысле, на прошлое. В статье исследуется вопрос, имеются ли
физико-математические основания для подтверждения этой гипотезы. Для
этого привлекаются закономерности квантовой физики и не-евклидовой геометрии Лобачевского.
Специфика наиболее ранних погребальных обрядов на тихоокеанском побережье Южной Америки и перспективы их изучения
Authors: Гаврилина Т.А.
Published: July 2021

Погребальный обряд является одним из важнейших маркеров, позволяющих наиболее точно и достоверно охарактеризовать особенности мировоззрения представителей древних сообществ. В статье предпринята попытка выявить специфику погребального обряда прибрежных культур южноамериканского континента – пайхан (12800–9600 л.н.) и лас-вегас (10800–6600 л.н.), а также очертить возможные перспективы его изучения. Автор дает характеристику современного подхода к изучению погребений: для работы с костными останками активно привлекаются специалисты в области антропологии, генетики, проводятся исследования для определения характера повреждения костей, идентификации по гендерному признаку, диагностики патологий и т.д.
Entropic Systems Biology: a Novel Thermodynamic Theory for the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors:   Florida Gulf Coast University, Nie Zilin , Yanming Yanming ,   Northwest A & F University
Published: July 2021

As a complementary and alternative medicine in the western countries for decades, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for more than 2000 years in China. Because of the characteristics of the philosophical style and the unknown mechanism of action, TCM sometimes has been biasedly described as "fraught with pseudoscience". From the scientific basis of the systems biology, here we promoted a novel medical model called the entropic systems medicine which could be applied to scientize TCM in future. In entropic systems medicine, TCM and Western modern biomedicine target the different variables of the entropic system. For instance, while Western modern biomedicine directly targets the phenotypes and its SOCs of macrostates, TCM differently targets the microstates, entropy and entropic force to generate SOTFs gradually causing the differentiated syndromes to be slowly rearranged. The prerequisites to modernize TCM are the entropic systems biology having been well established so that the variables could be precisely monitored and mathematically calculated.
Reduced Proportion of CD39+ Treg Cells Correlates with the Development of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Patients and a Murine Model
Authors:   The Affiliated Changshu Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiang Tingwang
Published: July 2021

Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease. This study investigated changes of adenosine metabolism pathway related molecules and their contribution to inflammatory injury in PBC. Clinical results showed that the concentrations of alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and g-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) in serum of 64 PBC subjects increased compared with 60 Healthy Controls (HC). The proportion of CD39+CD4+ cells was decreased in PBMCs from PBC patients in comparsion to HC. Moreover, the proportion of CD39+ Treg cells in PBMCs from PBC patients also significantly decreased in comparsion to HC. A PBC murine model results showed that, compared with the normal mice, the concentrations of ALT, AST and GGT in serum significantly increased induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Histopathology result revealed that poly I:C induced liver inflammation in mice. The proportion of CD39+ cells in PBMCs from poly I:C-treated mice was decreased compared with the normal mice. Meanwhile, the proportions of CD39+CD4+ cells and CD39+Treg cells were markedly reduced in poly I:C-induced mouse spleen. Finally, poly I:C significantly induced a global reduction of CD39 and adenosine receptor A2a expression in mouse liver. In addition, poly I:C treatment didn’t alter the proportions of CD39+CD8+ and CD39+CD19+ cells in mouse liver. In conclusion, our results suggest that the proportion of CD39+ Treg cells decreasing in PBC patients and animal model are closely associated with the disease progression. Our study offers a novel perspective on the role of adenosine metabolism pathway in PBC pathogenesis.
Health Professions Students’ Knowledge of and Attitude toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors:   Florida Gulf Coast University, R Reuter Peter
Published: July 2021

Respondents reported an overall positive attitude toward and interest in CAM. Ninety percent had heard of and three-quarters reported previous experience with CAM practices. Respondents alluded to personal experience but also to knowledge gained about CAM in classes and clinical assignments. Acupuncture, yoga, massage therapy, meditation, cupping, aromatherapy, and chiropractic care were the CAM practices most respondents had heard about; yoga, meditation, massage therapy, aromatherapy, and chiropractic care were the CAM practices most respondents reported personal experience with. The top five practices students planned on making part of their career were yoga, meditation, massage therapy, diet-based therapy, and music therapy. Graduating health professions students had a more positive attitude toward CAM than pre-health professions students. They also had a higher average score for their interest in learning about CAM practices. Three-quarters of respondents planned on making CAM part of their career.
Teachers’ self-efficacy: Associations with teacher and student characteristics and effects of the anger management intervention, the Mini-Diamond
Authors:   1. Frederikshøj skole og dagbehandling, Primulavej 2, 2720 Vanløse, Denmark, Niclasen Janni ,   2. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark, Amholt Thea Toft ,   Department of Sports Science and Blinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark, Carter Rhonwyn ,   Department of Communication and Psychology, University of Aalborg, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark, Dammeyer Jesper ,   Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Published: July 2021

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is the term used for teachers’ beliefs about their capacity to positively influence students’ learning and social environment. How TSE influences incidences of teacher burnout and student academic achievement has been the focus of previous research. Studies investigating the associations between TSE and socio-demographic characteristics are sparse, and little is known about the possible effects of school-based interventions on TSE. In order to address these areas of research, the aims of this study were twofold. First, the study examined associations between TSE and a) teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics, and b) student’s school-related well-being. Secondly, we investigated the effect of a school-based angermanagement intervention, the Mini-Diamond, on TSE. Students from grades 0 to 2 and their teachers, from all schools in two Danish municipalities, participated in the study. Teachers completed two questionnaires, including the Danish version of the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale and a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics. All students filled out a school well-being questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed prior to and after the intervention. Positive associations were found between TSE and teachers’ age, showing that the older the teacher, the higher the TSE. Furthermore, positive associations between TSE and years of experience, as well as TSE and students’ school connectedness, were found. No effects were found of the school intervention on TSE.