bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menstrual characteristics and prevalence of menstrual disorders among secondary school girls in rural Gambia
Authors: M Anyanwu , S Mahmood
Published: January 2022

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process in women of reproductive age and abnormalities can be associated with it. This study is conducted to determine menstrual characteristics and the prevalence of menstrual disorders among secondary school girls of rural Gambia and its effects on the life-style of these girls particularly absenteeism at school. Method: A prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out among girls of age 13- 24 years from three different school in Soma Town, Lower River Region of The Gambia using self-administered questionnaire. The data was entered into computer database and analysed using the SPSSS version 26. Results: The mean age of menarche was 13.86±1.26 years with a wide range (8- 17years). Most (69.4%) participants declared their periods as regular and mean menstrual cycle was 26.28±3.25 days with most (58.3%) had moderate menstrual flow with mean duration of flow was 4.9±1.3 days. Most (69.4%) participants used sanitary pads. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 85.2% of the participants; majority (47.5%) had moderate pain and only 46.8% used analgesics for dysmenorrhea. Majority (94.6%) of the participants had associated symptoms with menstruation; tiredness, mood changes and pain were the three highest reported symptoms. School absenteeism was reported by 34.5% of the participants and painful menstruation was the highest reported cause. Most (58.0%) reported life-style affected by menstruation; attending school, casual work at home and relationship with friends were the three highest affected activities reported due painful menstruation. Almost (99.5%) all have received some information about menstruation either from parents, teachers, friends and others. Conclusion: Mean age at menarche was 13.86±1.26. Most girls suffer from dysmenorrhea which affects their school attendance and other life-style activities. Almost all have received some information about menstruation
Strain-ageing effects on the residual low-cycle fatigue life of low-carbon steel reinforcement
Authors: Loporcaro Giuseppe , Cuevas Alberto , Pampanin Stefano , Kral Milo V.
Published: January 2022

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) failures can be expected when rebars are subjected to a small number of cycles at large stress/strain amplitudes. Major seismic events are often preceded or followed by other events of smaller/larger magnitude. During each event, the residual fatigue life of the steel reinforcement may reduce, eventually leading to failure of the bars due to the cumulative damage. Strain ageing may reduce even more the residual fatigue life of steel. This paper presents the results of an experimental testing campaign conducted on samples fabricated from New Zealand Grade 300E steel. A benchmark LCF life was obtained for 12-mm steel reinforcing bars subjected to axial-strain-controlled completely reversed cyclic tests at amplitudes ranging between 0.78 and 2.75%. The reduction in fatigue life attributed to strain ageing was obtained by comparing the benchmark fatigue life with that of steel reinforcing bars precycled up to 33% and 66% of the benchmark life and artificially strain aged for an equivalent period of 1 year at 15 °C. The Coffin-Manson and Koh-Stephens models were employed to evaluate the experimental results. The study demonstrates that, depending on the strain amplitude, strain ageing can cause a reduction in total and residual fatigue life ranging from 20 to 70%. Strain ageing should not be ignored during the assessment of earthquake-damaged steel reinforcing bars.
The distribution of SE-reflexives in Dutch
Authors: Broekhuis Hans
Published: January 2022

Handling clause-bound SE-reflexives such as Dutch zich transcends the scope of Chomsky’s (1981) binding theory and has motivated various revisions of it. This article argues that canonical binding theory is essentially correct because SE-reflexives are not bound but inalienably possessed by their antecedent. Rooryck & Vanden Wyngaerd (2011) provides a syntactic implementation of this idea, which has mainly been elaborated for SE-reflexives in reflexive-verb constructions. This article shows that it can also account for the distribution of Dutch SE-reflexives in a wider range of constructions by considering it in conjunction with the analysis of inalienable possession in Broekhuis & Cornips (1997).
Analysing the Tax Structure of Turkish Economy: A Time-Varying Causality Analysis
Authors: KARABACAK Mustafa , MEÇİK Oytun
Published: January 2022

The tax structure shows the country’s choice between the principles of justice and efficiency in tax policy. In a modern economy, the tax structure is expected to change in favour of direct taxes according to the principle of justice. This article investigates the causality between tax structure and per capita GDP in Turkey using asymmetric and time-varying causality analysis. The findings reveal that the per capita GDP doesn’t change the tax structure in Turkey and doesn’t show any change in favour of direct taxes to ensure justice in income distribution. This situation can be evaluated as the relationship between per capita GDP, and tax structure may have been drifted apart.
To the etiology of catatonia
Authors: Osipov V. P.
Published: January 2022

Kahlbaum, the founder of the doctrine of catatonia, presents the etiology of this mental disorder as follows: hereditary predisposition does not have any significant significance as a cause of catatonia, just as it is not essential for the progressive paralysis of the insane; Kahlbaum noted an unfavorable psychopathological heredity in only 4 of the 50 cases of catatonia known to him. The value of gender and age is inversely related to the value of these factors for the incidence of progressive paralysis, namely: women fall ill with catatonia no less than men; further, each age, starting from the period of manhood and even from the last years of childhood, up to the senile years, is subject to the disease almost evenly, with a predominance of the disease in the first half of the middle years.
To the innervation of the swallowing movement
Authors: Kitaev Fedor Ya.
Published: January 2022

In total, we made 34 experiments, exclusively on dogs. Of these experiments, only 23 experiments are described, in a more or less abbreviated form; the rest are either unsuccessful or not of great interest, repeating the results of the described experiments
G. Mingazzini. To the casuistry of paralysis developing after a change in spinal cord disease Contribution a Pétude des paralysies consécutives a la rachistovainisation. „Revue neurology“. 1908, No. 5
Authors: Osokin N. E.
Published: January 2022

The author reports a case in which, after spinal anesthesia with stovaine, taken for surgery on a varicocele, a symptom complex of Erb'a disease (myasthenia pseudoparalytica) developed. A 16-year-old patient comes from a family with severe heredity.
Dr. Cesare Frugoni. About some respiratory changes of central] origin. Neurologisches Centralblatt. 1908. No. 5
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

It has long been known that certain diseases of the central nervous system can cause abrupt changes in respiration, mainly of its type, between which one can recall the type of respiration of Biot and Sheine-Stokes. so-called dissociated respiration.
Privatdozent N. Ostankov. "Gastric crises of tabetic morphine origin". Review of Psychiatry. No. I. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

"Hematomyelia complicated by the symptoms of Basedow's disease": the entire content of Dr. Shapiro's article is a description of the corresponding case.
Ermakov. "Epilepsy in the Russian-Japanese War" Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov. No. I, 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

Most of the epileptics who were under the supervision of the author were taken into the service already sick with epilepsy - very few only for the first time in the war showed their disease, but even in this case it was possible to ascertain the presence of epileptic diathesis.
Doctor Markevich. To the casuistry of tetany. "Russian doctor". No. 3. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

A case of tetanic convulsions is described, which appeared annually with periodic attacks and attributed by the author, according to Hochwart's classification, to the Arbeiter Tetanie group.
Doctor Pussep. About acute half-edema of the body. "Russian doctor". No. 3. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The author observed a very rare case of an acutely developed half edema of the body with simultaneous hemiplegia, which soon turned into hemiparesis
Modern Psychiatry No. 2, 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The author successively examines the views of Trlat, Falret, Koch and Ziehen on this subject. He finds that the material to be studied by these scientists should have been narrowed firstly, in quantitative termsthat is, it is necessary to more precisely limit the cases to be described; Secondly, in terms of quality, That is, it is necessary to describe not the general symptomatology of transitional states, but the clinic of these forms, the clinic of the boundaries of mental illness.
Professor A. Strumpell. To pathology and therapy of bronchial asthma. Modern class and therapy. No. 2. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The author believes that a real attack of bronchial asthma is always caused by a special vasomotor and secretory disorder in the mucous membrane, mainly small bronchioles, resulting in acute diffuse bronchiolar stenosis.
Hebephrenia Hecker-Kahlbaum and E. Kraepelin's teaching on dementia praecox
Authors: Obraztsov Vladimir N.
Published: January 2022

In the 90s of the last century, to the arena of clinical psychiatry, the former Heidelberg, now Munich, prof. E. Kraepelin put forward a group of mental disorders under the name "dementia praecox" - early or premature dementia.

Since then, the question of dementia praecox has not left the pages of psychiatric literature; it is dealt with at conferences, special journals are devoted to it, but despite the 20-year existence of the issue, which grew in the Kraepelin's school into a whole doctrine, even now it cannot be considered definitively resolved.
To the clinical picture of polyneuritic psychosis
Authors: Sholomovich Alexander S.
Published: January 2022

More than 20 years ago Prof. Korsakov described several cases of polyneuritis combined with mental disorder, and 2 years later, in one of his articles on the same topic, he wrote: I consider it necessary to pay attention once again to this form, because, in my opinion, it is too little known doctors, and meanwhile, it often has to be faced not only by psychiatrists, but also by doctors of other specialties; I will say even more: cases of this form in most cases are under the supervision not of psychiatrists, but of therapists or gynecologists, since the mental disorder I am describing develops in the course of postpartum, acute and infectious, and some chronic diseases.
N. Klieneberger. To the symptomatology of shaking paralysis. Beitrag zur Symptomatologie der Paralysis agitans. Monatschrift f. Psych. and Neurology. 1908-I
Authors: Sholomovich A. S.
Published: January 2022

We do not know, says the author, neither the etiology nor the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, even the symptomatology has not been precisely established; although there is unanimity. the two main symptoms of trembling and rigidity, however, cases without trembling are described; at other points the difference of opinion is even greater; proceeding from the idea that the solution of controversial issues depends more on precisely developed casuistry than on theoretical reasoning, the author describes 2 cases of this infrequent illness observed by him in the Greifswald Psychiatric Clinic.
A. N. Schmidt. On the treatment of nervous diseases with brine and mud baths. Journal of Neur. and psycho. them. Korsakov. No. I-2, 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The author describes the structure of the Saki mud bath, gives a brief account of the physiological action of the mud on the body, and gives the resultsvery positiveof treating neuralgia, polyneuritis, and meralgia with the Saki mud. In the treatment of syphilitic lesions of the spinal cord and its membranes, mud baths can serve as a very useful adjunct to specific therapy.
Geochemical Exploration for Metallic Minerals in the Meta-Sedimentary Rocks of Ogotun, Ikeji-Ile and Ipetu, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ige Olususi Joseph , Samuel Ayodele Olusiji , Ominyi Ajigo Isaac
Published: January 2022

The south-eastern part of Ilesha Schist belt which comprises of (Ogotun,Ikeji-Ile and Ipetu-the study area has been totally neglected by previous researchers without any literatures that could serve as clues to mineral exploration in the study area which necessitate this research. Geological mapping was undertaken to determine the underlying rocks followed by systematic sampling at one rock per 3.25km2, petrographic and geochemical analysis of the rocks. The results of field examination confirmed the existence of migmatite-gneisses, quartzites, quartz-schists, meta-conglomerates and porphyritic granites as the dominant rocks while petrographic studies revealed quartz, biotite, feldspar (microcline and plagioclase) and opaque minerals. However, five rocks samples whose thin sections showed opaque minerals were viewed under the reflecting light microscope and a brassy yellow mineral called chalcopyrite was confirmed. Geochemical analytical results revealed that SiO2 (67.37%-62.46%) and Al2O3 (17.35%-11.62%) have higher concentrations, indicating the aluminosilicate nature of the rocks. The trace elemental analysis revealed very high concentrations of Ba (2533-10) ppm and Fe (55000-4100) ppm, followed by moderate to low and very low concentrations of Cu (38.40-12.50) ppm, Pb (.90-39.40) ppm, Zn (156.00-7.00) ppm, Co (65.20-1.40) ppm, Mn (148.00-981.00) ppm,, As (1.00-3.00) ppm, Th (0.50-10.00) ppm, Rb (311.60-50) ppm ,Cr (1310.-5.00) ppm and U (>0.1-6.3) ppm. Similarly, the principal component analysis (PCA) of the rocks revealed Cu-Pb-Zn-Mn-Fe mineral associations with 35.24% also confirmed massive sulphide mineralization. Therefore, the overall results indicated the potentials of the study area to be possibly enriched with other hidden ore deposits and radioactive minerals.
The Impact of Brand Image on Laptop Purchasing Intention —The Moderating Role of Consumer Ethnocentrism
Authors: WU Lingceng , QU Yi , ZHAO Shuo , ZHOU Shu
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to analyze the influence of laptop brand image on the purchasing intention of Chinese college students, and it further looks at the moderating role played by consumer ethnocentrism in the above causality, which helps to bridge the research gap in the domain. Employing the brand image theory and consumer ethnocentrism theory, and based on large-sample questionnaire surveys, this study reveals that brand image positively affects college students' purchasing intention of laptops, regardless of domestic or foreign laptop brands. What is more, besides playing a direct role in affecting purchasing intention, consumer ethnocentrism also plays a significant moderating role in affecting the effects of brand image on purchasing intention. It is found that high ethnocentric college students may not buy foreign laptops, even though the brand image of foreign laptops is superior. Overall, this paper has made important suggestions and implications for both corporate managers and policy makers.
Conceptual Framework of Toilet Seats Design from Hygiene Perspective for the Society of the ‘Islamic Republic of Iran’
Authors: MEHDI SYED HASAN
Published: January 2022

The human being is the noblest of all the creations by Allah Rabbul-Izzat. Allah gave special commands to humans which made differences over other species, the hygiene practice is one of them. The researches on toilets, defecation, urination and self-cleansing may be supposed as unthinkable subjects in daily discussions, but these topics are important for health and hygiene perspectives. Designers and manufacturers are busy making aesthetically attractive, ergonomically and anthropometrically defined toilet seats. But there is a need for some adjustments in the size and design of modern toilet seats as per the hygiene perspective. This paper presents a conceptual design framework aimed, increasing the level of hygiene and introduced the three-dimensional designs of sitting and squatting types of toilet seats with some amendments as compared to modern designs, concerning hygiene perspective. The present conceptual design of toilet seats can become the integration of human hygiene practice.  In this study, Solidworks Designing Software was used for three-dimensional designs. This framework study dedicates to Iranian society.
Evaluating the Viewpoints of Postgraduate Health Students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences toward the Effectiveness of Health Safety and Environment Workshop in 2020
Authors: SOURI SABER , ZAROUSHANI VIDA , NEJATIFAR ZAHRA , RAFIEI SIMA
Published: January 2022

It is necessary for managers in all types of organizations to take an appropriate training approach in order to maintain and promote health, achieve safety, and prevent environmental damages. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Health Safety and Environment training workshops from the students’ point of view to inform the relevant officials about the participants’ opinions and make efficient decisions in order to improve the quality of training courses in the field of health, safety, and environment. A qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face or telephone interviews with a purposeful number of 37 students studying at the faculty of the health of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. To analyze data, thematic analysis using a framework approach was applied. Findings related to the students’ viewpoint about the effectiveness of the HSE workshop were presented in six main themes including satisfaction with the educational content, awareness about HSE concepts before the workshop, the importance of HSE subject in the participants’ field of study, important topics presented in the workshop, experience from HSE workshop, major workshop problems, and solutions. Based on the study results, one of the key objectives of all medical universities should be training their students about health and safety matters to potentially prepare them for future job positions with maximum safe behaviors in workplaces. In fact, medical universities play a key role in developing the health and safety knowledge of students helping them in protecting themselves while working in hazardous working conditions.
Sodium Hydrosulfite (Blankit) in Iranian food as a threat to human health: a review
Authors: Karami Marzyieh , Alikord Mahsa , Mokhtari Zahra , Sadighara Parisa , Jahed-Khaniki Gholamreza
Published: January 2022

Sodium hydrosulfite is called blankit with the chemical formula Na2S2O4 is a toxic food additive employed in the food industry to improve the apparent quality of food. Adverse effects of blankit include the elimination and damage of villi in the stomach and intestines in the long term, therefore, it can cause the development of gastrointestinal cancer. It is also known to be an effective factor in causing diabetes. In this study, based on searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, SID databases and keywords studies on the use of sodium hydrosulfite and its health effects were reviewed from 2008 to 2018 According to the results of studies conducted, it was found that the amount of this substance is used more than the maximum allowed in some food, which requires more monitoring of the quality of food produced.
Investigating and comparing the enzymatic activity of wheat, Quinoa and Amaranth
Authors: Azizi Saadat , Azizi Mohammad Hossein , Rajaei Peyman
Published: January 2022

Producing high-quality gluten-free products by some pseudo-cereals like Quinoa and Amaranth, which have a high nutritional value has been proved, but their enzymatic activity hasn’t been completely known. Considering the effect and importance of enzymes in bakery products, this study, investigated the activity of alpha amylase, protease, lipase, lipoxygenase and Phytase in amaranth, quinoa and wheat. Quinoa and wheat have the highest and the lowest alpha amylase activity, respectively. The lipoxygenase activity in quinoa and amaranth is significantly (p < 0.05) greater than its activity in wheat. The activity of lipase and protease enzymes in wheat is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than amaranth and quinoa enzymes. Consequently, it seems that using lipase and protease in the production of Quinoa and Amaranth products, could increase the quality of these products. Phytase enzyme activity in amaranth is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than this enzyme activity in quinoa and wheat.
Efficient Predictable Probe of Optical Burst Switched For Wireless Feeler Bond
Authors: Senduraja Dr. Dinesh , Kumar.A Mr.Pradeep
Published: January 2022

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising paradigm for high speed transmission of data. In OBS, a key problem is to schedule bursts with minimum loss. Single method is not sufficient to improve performance. So, our performance model includes some feasible methods to improve OBS performance without significantly increasing the implementation complexity. The methods are addition of simple fiber delay lines (FDLs), increasing random extra offset time, window based channel scheduling (WBS) and Burst Delay Feedback scheduling (BDFS). Additional FDLs can only eliminate the negative impact caused by the variation of the offset time between control packets and data bursts. The random extra offset time approach does not require any additional hardware in the nodes. WBS provides better throughput improvement when FDLs are used in the nodes to compensate the processing time. Finally Burst Delay Feedback Scheduling in addition with these methods can significantly improve OBS throughput and reduce transmission delay.
Enthusiasm Adeptness in Wireless Position finder Multiuse building Via Envelope Severe Technique
Authors: .M Ms. Mahalakshmi , Senduraja Dr. Dinesh
Published: January 2022

The wireless instrument complex is an ad – hoc network. It consists of small light weighted wireless nodes called device nodes. The systematic model that allows us to derive some correct results vis-à-vis energy consumption and difficulty. Also, some main contemplations about the application of the proposed technique in a real instrument network, i.e., by taking into account erasure channels, MAC- layer overhead, and actual computational properties of nodes. The effect of important parameters such as nodes’ concentration and program range through both extensive mockups and an methodical study of the trade-off between energy saving, convolution, and untrustworthiness of the proposed technique. A novel approach that splits the inventive messages into quite a lot of containers such that each node in the network will forward only small sub containers. The intense procedure is achieved applying the Packet Unbearable algorithm and the Chinese deposit proposition algorithm (CDP) which is characterized by a simple modular detachment between integers. The sink node, once all sub sachets is received correctly, will recombine them, thus reconstructing the original message. The excruciating process is especially helpful for those forwarding nodes that are more solicited than others due to their situation inside the network.
Region based Feature Fusion of Imperfect Face and Gait cues for human recognition using Median-LBPF and Median-LBPG based PCA followed by LDA
Authors: K Annbuselvi , N Santhi , Sivakumar Dr.S.
Published: January 2022

Abstract— Conventional computer-based multimodal biometric systems for human recognition based on face and gait cues are mainly based on recognition of perfect images of face and gait. There are situations, where perfect face and gait images may not be available which means probe images are imperfect. This paper proposes new methods Median Local Binary Pattern of Face image (Median-LBPF) and Gait image (Median-LBPG) to extract the features of imperfect face and gait images efficiently representing such imperfect images for better recognition. Initially the given imperfect face and gait images are divided into six overlapped regions called top, bottom, left, right, vertical center, horizontally center overlapped half images. The features of these six overlapped regions of imperfect face and gait images in the spatial domain are extracted by using Median-LBPF and Median-LBPG. Subsequently the dimensionality of the feature sets are reduced by a two stage feature reduction algorithms Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Next the individual face features and gait features are normalized to have their values lie within similar ranges and are concatenated at feature level. For classification, Euclidean distance measure is used to calculate the minimum of minimum distance between the six overlapped regions of given imperfect face and gait probe images and the corresponding regions of all six overlapped regions in the training sets. The proposed methods are tested by using publically available data sets ORL face and CASIA gait. The experimental results show that features of a region of face and gait images are adequate for recognition and its average recognition performance is same as perfect face and gait images.
Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Region Analysis of Contraceptive Users
Authors: Utari Dina Tri , Hanun Denesa Salma
Published: January 2022

Through increasing the use of contraceptives to limit births, the Family Planning (KB) Program is one of the government's efforts to control the rate of population growth. Klaten Districts is one of the regencies in Central Java Province with a relatively high number of births and relatively low coverage of active family planning. This study aimed to determine the grouping of sub-districts and these characteristics in the Klaten Districts in 2020. The method used in this study was a hierarchical cluster analysis method, with the best method being the centroid method. In this study obtained 3 clusters with cluster 1 consisting of 23 sub-districts, cluster 2 consists of 2 sub-districts and cluster 3 with 1 sub-district. The cluster characteristics based on the highest number of users of contraceptive methods are cluster 1-contraceptives injection, cluster 2- contraception implant, and IUDs in cluster 3
Composite of Polylactic Acid/Chitosan/Ag-Hydroxyapatite Synthesized Using Turmeric Leaves Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticle and Snail Shell as Antibacterial Material
Authors: Audita Rahmania , Khoirunisa Khoirunisa , Azzahra' Hasna' Azizah , Nugroho Bambang Hernawan , Hidayat Habibi , Fatimah Is
Published: January 2022

The development of an antibacterial composite of polylactic acid/chitosan/silver nanoparticle-doped hydroxyapatite has been synthesized. The composite was prepared using the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized by using turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) leaves extract-mediated AgNPs and snail shell as biogenic calcium for hydroxyapatite synthesis. The precipitation method of hydroxyapatite by the doping of AgNPs was the first step, followed by composting with polylactic acid and chitosan as the polymer binder. Physicochemical characterization of the material was studied by using XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses, and the antibacterial catalytic performance was examined against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs are within the <100 nm range in size and not significantly influence the crystallinity of the Ag/HAp. The composite materials maintained the antibacterial activity against E. coli.
The Encapsulation Process of Flavonoid from Kepel Seeds (Stelechocarpus burahol)
Authors: Rofiqah Umi , Ananda Diora , Nurrahmah Ilhamy
Published: January 2022

Flavonoid contained in Kepel seeds was extracted and encapsulated using a crosslinker agent of natrium tripolyphosphate (NaTTP) aiming for protection of the flavonoid content as an antioxidant. Extraction was carried out in variation of ethanol concentration and time extraction to obtain the best extract flavonoid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) method was used to determine the presence of flavonoids in the extract. Total flavonoids (TF) analysis was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained in the extract with 50% ethanol concentration was 2.427% for one hour and 2.888% for two hours.
Ocena funkcji motorycznych chorego z SMA IIIb poddanego fizjoterapii z jednoczesnym leczeniem lekiem Nusinersen - opis przypadku
Authors:   Zakład Rehabilitacji Narządu Ruchu AWF Poznań, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 61-871 Poznań, Raczak Maciej R. , Furmaniuk Lech
Published: January 2022

Praca przedstawia zmiany w funkcjach motorycznych pacjenta z rdzeniowym zanikiem mięśni (SMA) IIIb w wyniku prowadzonej fizjoterapii i farmakoterapii lekiem Nusinersen (Spinraza). Zakres zmian monitorowano na podstawie analizy wyników punktacji przy użyciu skali Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE). Przy wykonywaniu testów z użyciem skali HFMSE badany był oceniany w trzystopniowej skali, składającej się z trzydziestu trzech czynności, mających na celu klasyfikację funkcjonalną osób z SMA III. W początkowym badaniu zaobserwowano wynik w skali HFMSE na poziomie 24 punktów z 66 możliwych do zdobycia. Wzrost zanotowano po sześciu miesiącach leczenia oraz prowadzonej fizjoterapii z 24 na 28 punktów, zmiany nastąpiły w testach dotyczących funkcji zmiany pozycji z leżenia tyłem do leżenia przodem i odwrotnie. Następny wzrost wystąpił po trzech miesiącach z 28 na 31 punktów, zmiany nastąpiły w testach dotyczących funkcji podporu ciała oraz zmiany pozycji z leżenia tyłem do siadu. Ostatni wzrost zaobserwowano po kolejnych trzech miesiącach z 31 na 34 punkty, zmiany nastąpiły w testach dotyczących funkcji wejścia do pozycji czworaczej oraz przemieszczania się w niej. Po przeanalizowaniu wniosków oraz porównaniu ich z opublikowanymi w artykułach naukowych wyników badań klinicznych, zaobserwowano wzrost funkcji motorycznych w skali HFMSE u pacjenta z SMA IIIb w wyniku prowadzonej fizjoterapii wspomaganej terapią lekiem Nusinersen.
Жизнь, отданная науке. К столетию П. Б. Балданжапова
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Bazarov Boris V.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to briefly highlight the main milestones in the life of the famous Buryat scientist P. B. Baldanzhapov, to characterize his scientific researches in the field of Mongolian studies, to discover new, little-known aspects of his activities, to show his role in the development of new fields of science. Introduction. The article was presented as an introductory report at the IV International seminar “Written Heritage and current problems of the history and culture of the Mongolian peoples”, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the prominent Russian scientist, Mongolist and orientalist P. B. Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), held in Ulan-Ude on September 16–18, 2021. The source base was both published works and unpublished materials stored in the personal archive of the scientist, articles by researchers dedicated to the legacy of P. B. Baldanzhapov. When writing the article, general historical research methods were used, such as historical-comparative, retrospective and chronological, which made it possible to show the life and works of P. B. Baldanzhapov in the process of becoming from a student to a professional. Results. Professional interests of P. B. Baldanzhapov were quite versatile: from collecting and studying monuments of folk folklore, toponymic terms and their interpretation, collecting written monuments in Tibetan and Mongolian languages, what is evidenced by the unique collections of Tibetan and Mongolian works stored in his personal archive, numerous manuscripts of articles and materials on the history of public education, culture, science and librarianship in Mongolia and Tuva, on the history of preserving cultural heritage and organizing their museum display and popularization deposited in his archive, up to studying the Buddhist heritage and promoting its preservation, as well as sources on Indo-Tibetan medicine and many others. Nevertheless, the main passion of his whole life was the study of Mongolian historical treatises.
«Зүрхэн толтын тайлбарын» зохиогч үзэмчин хүн хэмээсэн нь (= Об удзумчинском авторе сочинения «Комментарий к „Сердечному покрову“»)
Authors:   Institute of Language and Literature, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (54A, Enkhtaivan Ave., Block 13, Bayanzürkh District, 13330 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), Dambiikhorlo Narantsetseg ,   Hulunbuir University (83, Xuefu Rd., Hailar District, 021008  Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China)
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The present article discusses the history of one of the most important monuments of Mongolian linguistic heritage “The Commentary on ‘Jirüken-ü tolta-yin tayilburi’”, a grammar treatise, which was published by Purbo Baldanzhapov with the textological analysis of the source. The author aims to study Baldanzhapov’s work and his contribution to the study of Mongolian grammar treatises; also, to clarify the authorship of the source in question. Materials and methods. For the purpose, most appropriate were general scientific methods and approaches, such as historical-comparative and historical-descriptive, as well as special methods of source studies and critical analysis of the text. Baldanzhapov’s monograph “Zurkhny Toltyn Tailburi” (Ulan-Ude, 1962) and publications of other authors on the subject, as well as Mongolian historical sources were used as the database of the research. Results. Baldanzhapov’s «Commentary to “the Zurkhen tolt”: Mongolian Linguistic Text of the Eighteenth Century» is, to date, the most complete and exhaustive study of the Mongolian grammar treatise, highly appreciated by scholars in Mongolia and outside the country, and widely used by researchers on the history of the Mongolian language and linguistics. Having undertaken the textual analysis of several works, the scholar convincingly argued that the author of this grammatical work was Molom Ravjamba Danzandagva. However, there are several points of view on Danzandagva’s background; the present author introduces new data that sheds light on the author of the “The Commentary on ‘Jirüken-ü tolta-yin tayilburi’” who was also named Uzemchin Molom Ravjamba.
Три северных похода цзиньского генерала Хуань Вэня (312–373 гг. н. э.) против «варварских» царств Северного Китая
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Tsyrenov Chingis Ts.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The southern Chinese empire of Eastern Jin, which lost its northern lands in 316, did not lose hope of reclaiming its territories. The East Jin commander Huan Wen undertook three military expeditions to Northern China: the first campaign of 354 (against the northwestern “barbarian” kingdom of the Di clan — Former Qin), the second campaign of 356 (against the rebellious Northern Chinese barbarian general Yao Xiang), and the third campaign of 368 (against the Xianbei kingdom of Former Yan). The purpose of the article was to give a general overview and a brief analysis of the events associated with the three campaigns, as well as to identify the causes and consequences of the victories and defeats of the Chinese side. Materials and methods. The main research methods were historical-genetic, historical-biographical, and historical-geographical analysis of relevant events and personalities. The major source of information about the events associated with Huan Wen’s three campaigns to the North is the official dynastic history “History of the Jin [Dynasty]” (“Jin Shu”), namely the Zaiji section and the Liezhuan biographical section. Results. The unsuccessful outcome of the initially successful campaigns of Huan Wen may be explained by the factional struggle between the capital (Yangzhou) and regional (Jingzhou) groupings of the ruling elite of the Eastern Jin state, as well as the general degradation of the central government apparatus. The crushing defeat of the third northern campaign led to the loss of the territories in Central China previously conquered by the Jin army and the decline of the court career of Huan Wen himself. But his clan remained an influential power in the Jingzhou region.
Документы по истории отправления калмыцкого владельца Дондук-Даши в Санкт-Петербург в 1737 г. (по материалам Национального архива Республики Калмыкия)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kamandzhaev Narma A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The article describes the dispatch of Kalmyk Prince Donduk-Dashi to St. Petersburg in the fall of 1737. It also publishes documents on this event housed by the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials. The examined archival materials are mostly clerical papers contained in Collection И-36 ‘Executive Attached to Kalmyk Affairs Commission under Astrakhan Governor. Results. The work introduces complete texts of 10 documents subdivided into decrees, reports, orders, road documents and instructions issued by various authorities and officials. Conclusions. The mentioned collection contains information regarding the backgrounds of Donduk-Dashi’s dispatch, and covers only a part of the journey to St. Petersburg. The described stage lasted from October 6 to November 2, 1737. During this period, Donduk-Dashi and his retinue sailed and drove from Astrakhan to the Novokhoperskaya fortress through such settlements as Cherny Yar, Popovitskaya station, Tsaritsyn, and Lovlinskaya stanitsa. This stage of the delivery of Donduk-Dashi from Astrakhan to St. Petersburg involved over a hundred Russian military and civil officers.
Сообщения о подарках в калмыцких деловых текстах XVIII в. (на материале писем хана Аюки и их русских переводов)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Yarmarkina Galina M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Gift exchange is a culturally marked behavioral stereotype that often serves an essential element of traditional customs and rites among various peoples. Gift acts as an additional communication means to establish and maintain good relations: it is the regulating function which is viewed somewhat central therein by anthropology, culturology, social psychology, and ethnolinguistics. Monuments of 18th century Kalmyk official writing — and specifically letters by Khan Ayuka — contain messages about gifts to be delivered to the addressee by his envoys, and thus can provide information on gifting etiquette and introduce materials on culturally marked language units. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of messages about gifts in Khan Ayuka’s 1688 –1719 official letters and their Russian translations stored at the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Materials and methods. The mentioned documents are examined for translation strategies of culture specific terms with the aid of both synchronous and diachronous Russian texts. The study employs the descriptive, comparative methods, and that of contextual analysis. Results. The conventionally laconic messages about gifts take final positions — and almost never a central one. Explication of the addressee as a recipient of the gift is usually avoided only to be included when it comes to explain the reason of gifting. Language materials contain culture specific units denoting such gifts. Khan Ayuka’s letters reflect the tradition of gifting horses, upper garments, cloths, some other elements. The culturally marked lexemes (including non-equivalent ones) to shape the semantic field of gift are however distinguished by the word combination arčiultai idēn with still unclear denotative meanings. So, the synchronous Russian translations with gift givers, recipients and gifts proper identified exactly enough the phrase is articulated as a ‘kerchief of berries’ which on the one side clarifies the extralinguistic basis of the item but on the other side fills far not all semantic gaps of the ethnolinguistic concept.
Structure of packed bed probed by Micro-Computed tomography, and Collision Guided Packing
Authors: Suneja Aashna , Roy Shantanu
Published: January 2022

The internal structure of packed beds formed by different arrangements
of packings has been a subject of study for the past several decades. In
this study, we have attempted to investigate the structure formed in
laboratory-scale packed beds through experimentation and modeling,
employing different ways of packing the bed. The structure has been
measured using Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) and characterized
through appropriate metrics. The “filling of the bed” has been modeled
using a technique called Collision Guided Packing (CGP). Thus, this
contribution combines both high resolution measurements as well as
detailed particle-based models, bringing out a head-to-head comparison
of the bed filling process and also how the final bed is configured (its
structure). The work stands as an independent piece, but also provides
the basis for a rigorous understanding of the impact of bed filling on
deep hydroprocessing, wherein the bed structure is known to have a
dramatic effect.
The impact of crop on GHG emissions from clay soils: case study of Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Zalite Anete Anna , Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Valujeva Kristine , Grinfelde Inga , Liepa Sindija , Burlakovs Juris , Zane Vincevica-Gaile Zane ,   University of Latvia
Published: January 2022

Agriculture is a source of three primary GHG: CO2, CH4 and N2O. In order to reduce agricultural GHG emissions, agricultural practices have to promote sustainable land management by helping to prevent soil erosion and creating the potential to increase soil carbon stock. Sustainable soil management includes reducing tillage and introducing legumes in crop rotation. The aim of the study is to identify the impacts of the soil tillage and the cultivated crops on formation of GHG emissions. The study site has 24 experimental fields where two types of soil tillage have been used and four crops where grown (wheat Triticum aestivum, rape Brassica napus, beans Vicia faba and barley Hordeum vulgare). Soil humidity, soil temperature and measurements of GHG emissions have been carried out during the plant vegetation period from 2018 to 2020. GHG emissions where measured using Picarro G2508. A total of 460 measurements of GHG emissions were made in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The minimum value of N2O emission is -19.5 g ha-1 day-1, but the maximum is 273.4 g ha-1 day-1. CH4 emission has a minimum value of -84.8 g ha-1 day-1, and a maximum of 514.1 g ha-1 day-1. The minimum value of CO2 emission is -13.0 kg ha-1 day-1, but maximum of 1026.7 kg ha-1 day-1. The results of CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions show a significant discrepancies between the arithmetic mean and the median values which indicates the observed extreme values. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences in GHG emissions by crop groups.
Influence of biological additives on soil moisture dynamics in the context of climate change
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences, Grybauskienė Vilda , Vyčienė Gitana ,   University of Applied Sciences
Published: January 2022

In recent years, climate change trends specific to the world’s regions have been observed in Lithuania. Droughts and torrential rains are increasingly being recorded, causing long-term waterlogging. As Lithuania is an agrarian country, the horticulture sector is developed. Abundant growers of potatoes, cabbage and other vegetables are counted in years. It is estimated that the consumption of potatoes in Lithuania is more than 96 kg per capita per year. However, potatoes, which are grown by the majority of crop farms, suffer most from frequent natural droughts. To lower droughts influence, farmers can install irrigation systems or use biological additives in the field, such as agroperlite and agrovermiculite. The experiment was conducted at the two experimental farms in Lithuania, growing ‘Vineta’ potatoes. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of soil moisture in May-August, when different amounts (effects of different percentages) of biological additives are added to the soil. In 2020, the amount of precipitation varied during the research period. During the whole period in Pupasodis fields precipitation was 234 mm. During observed period, 77% of all decades were drier than perennials (DNs). In Šilavotas fields, it was found that 351.5 mm of precipitation fell during the observed period, which is 164.3 mm more than in the Pupasodis area. The distance between experiment plots was more than 70 km. The study results show that soil temperature correlates with exponential dependence with precipitation. The correlation coefficient r = 0.69, and when assessing the relationship between soil temperature and ambient temperature, a linear dependence and R = 0.5649 were found.
Multidimensional and multifunctional context of national defense training in Latvian schools
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kreija-Gaikste Sandra , Katane Irena ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: January 2022

Continuous changes in the world’s political and geographical space are highlighting our national interests in security issues, when thinking about the sustainability of our society and country. Both civic preparedness to act in crisis situations and civic participation in strengthening national security are important. This is a duty of every citizen of our country. Therefore, following the introduction of a comprehensive National defence system in Latvia, the acquisition of the subject of National Defence Training in secondary education programs will be compulsory in Grades 10 and 11 of secondary schools starting from the academic year 2024/2025, but by 31 August 2024, National Defence Training in secondary education will be implemented within the framework of a pilot project. The aim of the research is to analyse the content of the curriculum of the subject National Defence Training from the point of view of curricular didactics, civic education and patriotic upbringing. The research results show that the content of National Defence Training is highly multidimensional and important in the context of the promotion of comprehensive national defence and versatile development of young people as well as in supporting their career development. The concept of comprehensive national defence has four dimensions: military, informational, psychological and civilian. All four of these basic dimensions have been taken into consideration when developing the content of National Defence Training. This has been ensured by integrating the content of military education, civic education and career education into the unified curriculum National Defence Training. The content of military education, civic education and career education has a scientific basis, formed by the results of theoretical and empirical research obtained from the research activities of both Latvian and foreign scientists.