bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF FIVE‐COORDINATE COPPER(I) AND SILVER(I) COMPLEXES OF A QUINQUEDENTATE MACROCYCLIC LIGAND HAVING AN N3S2 DONOR SET
Authors: DREW M. G. B. , CAIRNS C. , MCFALL S. G. , NELSON S. M.
Published: April 2016

In einer Templatreaktion entsteht aus 2,6‐Diacetylpyridin (I) und dem Diaminodithjadecan (II) in Gegenwart von Ag(I)‐nitrat der als Perchlorat isolierte Ag(I)‐Komplex (IIIa) des N3S2‐Makrocyclus.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ADDUCTS OF TETRAMETHYLUREA WITH ZINC, CADMIUM, AND MERCURY HALIDES
Authors: AIROLDI C. , CHAGAS A. P. , ASSUNCAEO F. P. +
Published: April 2016

Die wasserfreien Metallhalogenide reagieren in Ethanol mit dem Harnstoff zu den Komplexen (I) und (II), die durch Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und IR‐ und Massenspektren charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF (R)‐ AND (S)‐2‐DEUTERIO‐AMINO ACIDS, INCLUDING (R)‐ AND (S)‐2‐DEUTERIO‐GLYCINE VIA STEREOCHEMICALLY INERT COBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: BELOKON YU. N. , MELIKYAN A. S. , SALEL'EVA T. F. , BAKHMUTOV V. I. , VITT S. V. , BELIKOV V. M.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Komponenten (I), (II) und (III) wird ein Gemisch der isomeren chiralen Komplexe (IVa) und (IVb) dargestellt, die an Al2O3 getrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL DICATION ETHER SALTS: AR+OAR+.CNTDOT.2CF3SO3‐
Authors: STANG P. J. , MAAS G. , FISK T. E.
Published: April 2016

2CF3SO3′ . ‐ Die Reaktion des Pyridons (I) mit äquimolaren Mengen des Anhydrids (II) liefert das stabile Salz (III), das sich mit stöchiometrischen Mengen des Pyridons zum Dikation‐Salz (IV) umsetzen läßt. Die Bildung der Dikation‐Salze (VI) und (VIII) (nicht isoliert und nur in Lösung charakterisiert) aus Tropon (V) bzw. dem Cyclopropenon (VII) verläuft wahrscheinlich ebenfalls über die Stufe von Monokationen des Typs (III), die sich allerdings in diesen Fällen nicht isolieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS BY CHIRAL RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES. IV. REDUCTION OF CARBON‐CARBON DOUBLE BONDS IN PROCHIRAL α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY HYDROGEN TRANSFER CATALYZED BY H4RU4(CO)8((‐)‐DIOP)2
Authors: BIANCHI M. , MATTEOLI U. , MENCHI G. , FREDIANI P. , PIACENTI F. , BOTTEGHI C.
Published: April 2016

Die Hydrierung α,β‐ungesättigter Carbonsäuren mit Propan‐2‐ol (II) bei 120°C wird durch den chiralen Ruthenium‐Komplex (III) katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCYCLIC HYDROXYQUINONES. PART III. SYNTHESIS OF 6‐OXO‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE AND DERIVATIVES AND A NEW, CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF O‐NAPHTHAZARIN
Authors: FARINA F. , TORRES T.
Published: April 2016

5,8‐Diacetoxy‐2‐tetralon (I) wird in die Acetale (II) umgewandelt und nach Verseifung zu (III) mit Silberoxid zu den Naphthochinon‐Derivaten (IV) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF STRONG Π‐ELECTRON ACCEPTING SUBSTITUENTS ON STRUCTURE PREFERENCE FOR THIOCARBONYL YLIDE OR THIIRANE
Authors: OKA K. , DOBASHI A. , HARA S.
Published: April 2016

Für die Verbindungen (I), (II) und (III) wird ein Gleichgewicht über Massen‐Spektren untersucht und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW, FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(1‐DIALKYLAMINOALKYL)‐1H‐INDOLES
Authors: MORIYA T. , HAGIO K. , YONEDA N.
Published: April 2016

3‐Formylindol (I) wird mit sek. Aminen zu 3‐(Aminomethylen)‐indolen (II) kondensiert, die sich zu Indoliumsalzen (III) alkylieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FUROCHROMONES. PART VII
Authors: PATOLIA R. J. , TRIVEDI K. N.
Published: April 2016

Aus den o‐Hydroxyacetophenonen (I) erhält man durch Claisen‐Kondensation mit Ameisensäureester und nachfolgende Dehydratisierung die Chromanone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CUMULATED YLIDES. IX. A NEW POSSIBLE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANYLIDENE)KETENIMINES AND (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANYLIDENE)THIOKETENE
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , SCHMID G.
Published: April 2016

Methylentriphenylphosphoran (I) und Isocyaniddichloride bzw. Thiophosgen (II) reagieren im Molverhältnis 3 : 1 zu den Titelverbindungen, den Phosphacumulenyliden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF TETRAMETHYLTETRASELENAFULVALENE WITHOUT THE USE OF CARBON DISELENIDE
Authors: WUDL F. , NALEWAJEK D.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Dichlormethyl‐dimethyl‐ammoniumchlorid (I) erhält man mit Selenwasserstoff das Diselenocarbamat (II),das mit den α‐Bromketonen (III) zu den substituierten Ketonen (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAISOTHIOCYANATES OF VANADIUM(II)
Authors: LARKWORTHY L. F. , TUCKER B. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Hexaisothiocyanatovanadate (I) werden durch Umsetzung entsprechender" Ammoniumchloride oder ‐bromide mit V(II)‐ dibromid und Ammoniumthiocyanat in wäßriger Lösung unter Luftausschluß dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF NITRIC OXIDE WITH PARAMAGNETIC AND DIAMAGNETIC ALKYLS OF TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM, VANADIUM, NIOBIUM, AND TANTALUM
Authors: MIDDLETON A. R. , WILKINSON G.
Published: April 2016

Die paramagnetische d′ ‐Verbindung (I) reagiert mit NO bei Raumtemp. zum Oxoniob(V)‐Produkt (II), das mit NO im Überschuß zum N‐Methyl‐N‐nitrosohydroxylaminato‐Komplex (III) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL KETENE COMPOUNDS. VII. TRANSITION METAL‐SUBSTITUTED KETENES WITH CHELATING LIGANDS
Authors: EBERL K. , UEDELHOVEN W. , KARSCH H. H. , KREISSL F. R.
Published: April 2016

Bei Verwendung der Chelatliganden sowie des Diphosphinoamins (IV) läßt sich der Carbin‐W‐Komplex (I) in die n′ ‐Ketenylverbindungen (II) bzw. (V) überführen, welche erstmals zwei zueinander cis‐ständige Phosphingruppen am Metall aufweisen.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROCARBON OXIDATIONS WITH OXOMETALLOPORPHINATES. ISOLATION AND REACTIONS OF A (PORPHINATO)MANGANESE(V) COMPLEX
Authors: GROVES J. T. , KRUPER W. J. JUN. , HAUSHALTER R. C.
Published: April 2016

Wenn der Chloro‐Mn(III)‐Komplex (I) mit Iodosobenzol (II) in wasserfreiem Methylenchlorid unter N2 oxidiert wird, isoliert man einen kristallinen Festkörper, der nach spektroskopischen und magnetischen Untersuchungen vermutlich die Struktur (III) eines Oxo‐Mn(V)‐Komplexes mit absorbiertem Iodbenzol hat, obwohl andere ‐ auch dimere ‐ Strukturen nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRATION, HYDROLYSIS, AND DISSOCIATION OF A NICKEL(II) BROMIDE‐QUINOLINE COMPLEX
Authors: MCQUILLAN G. P.
Published: April 2016

Der tetraedrische Chinolin‐Komplex (II) addiert in Methylenchlorid oder Chloroform zwei Mole Wasser oder Methanol bei ‐80°C reversibel unter Bildung der oktaedrischen Addukte (I).
ChemInform Abstract: CATIONIC η3‐ALLYL COMPLEXES. 6. NEW GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CATIONIC (η3‐ALLYL)PALLADIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: GRENOUILLET P. , NEIBECKER D. , TKATCHENKO I.
Published: April 2016

Tris‐[dibenzylidenaceton]‐dipalladium(O) reagiert mit den Allylphosphonium‐Salzen (I) oder auch mit den Allylmercaptouronium‐Salzen (III) und bildet bei anschließender Umsetzung mit den Liganden L2 bzw. Tetramethyl‐ thioharnstoff die als Hexafluorophosphat isoliertenAl1yl‐Pd(0)‐Komplexe (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF HIGHER OXIDATION STATES. PART 1. THIOETHER COMPLEXES OF OSMIUM(IV), IRIDIUM(IV), AND PLATINUM(IV)
Authors: GULLIVER D. J. , LEVASON W. , SMITH K. G. , SELWOOD M. J. , MURRAY S. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Thioether‐Os(IV)‐Komplexe (III) werden durch die Umsetzung der Hexahalogenoosmate(IV) (I) mit den Liganden (II) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE COMPLEXES TRANS‐(PTX2(CO)L) AND THEIR ISOMERIZATION TO CIS ISOMERS
Authors: ANDERSON G. K. , CROSS R. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Behandlung der Halogenid‐verbrückten Dimeren (I) in Chloroform, Benzol oder Toluol mit CO führt zu Lösungen der trans‐Isomeren (II), von denen einige isoliert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF RING‐C AROMATIC 18‐NORSTEROID
Authors: CHATTERJEE A. , HAZRA B. G.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von der β‐[NaphthyHl)]‐propionsäure (I) werden nach angegebenem Schema die im Ring‐C aromatisierten epimeren (i)‐l 8‐Norsteroiddione (VIIa) und (VIIb) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF THE CHROMOMYCINONE SIDE CHAIN FROM CARBOHYDRATE PRECURSORS
Authors: THIEM J. , WESSEL H.‐P.
Published: April 2016

D‐Arabinose liefert das Threoso‐Derivat (Ia), das zu (Ib) acetyliert wird und mit Essigsäure und 1,3‐Dimercapto‐propan zum Dithioketal (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT AND EXPEDITIOUS SYNTHESIS OF SOME INDOLOQUINOLIZINE ALKALOIDS
Authors: DANIELI B. , LESMA G. , PALMISANO G.
Published: April 2016

Das ambidente Nucleophil (I) reagiert mit den Dihalogeniden (II) oder (X) zu einem Cyclisierungsprodukt, das als Perchlorat (III) isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYSTEM SAMARIUM‐CARBON‐NITROGEN
Authors: VENDL A. , ETTMAYER P. , BANIK G.
Published: April 2016

Die Ergebnisse einer röntgenographischen Untersuchung des isothermen Schnittes des Titelsystems bei 1000°C werden in einem Zustandsdiagramm zusammengefaßt. Zwischen den Phasen SmCI ‐x und ′ SmN wird die lückenlose Mischkristallbildung bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4H‐3,1‐BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONES AND 4(3H)‐QUINAZOLINONES FROM ANTHRANILIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES BY THE USE OF TRIPHENYL PHOSPHITE AND PYRIDINE
Authors: RABILLOUD G. , SILLION B.
Published: April 2016

Anthranilsäure (I) reagiert mit den Carbonsäuren (II) in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphit (III) zu den Amiden (IV), die zu (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTALLINE INSOLUBLE ACID SALTS OF TETRAVALENT METALS. XXXIV. HYDROGEN‐AMMONIUM ION EXCHANGE ON Γ‐TITANIUM PHOSPHATE
Authors: ALBERTI G. , BERNASCONI M. G. , CASCIOLA M. , COSTANTINO U.
Published: April 2016

7‐Ti(HPO4)2°C 2 H2O ist wegen seines großen Zwischenschichtabstandes ein guter Austauscher für NHZ.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry Reduction Due to Gallium Substitution in the Garnet Li6.43(2)Ga0.52(3)La2.67 (4)Zr2O12.
Authors: Robben Lars , Merzlyakova Elena , Heitjans Paul , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: April 2016

The title compound is obtained from stoichiometric amounts of La2O3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and an excess of Li2O (1323 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Composition Dependent Optical, Structural and Photoluminescence Characteristics of Cesium Tin Halide Perovskites.
Authors: Peedikakkandy Lekha , Bhargava Parag
Published: April 2016

Lead‐free CsSnX3 (X: Br, Cl, I) and mixed halide perovskites of different compositions are obtained as thin films by coating e.g. glass substrates with stoichiometric solutions of CsX and SnX2 in DMF (70 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Processable Glass LiI‐Li4SnS4 Superionic Conductors for All‐Solid‐State Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Park Kern Ho , Oh Dae Yang , Choi Young Eun , Nam Young Jin , Han Lili , Kim Ju‐Young , Xin Huolin , Lin Feng , Oh Seung M. , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: April 2016

A new, highly conductive, highly deformable, and dry‐air‐stable glass, 0.4LiI‐0.6Li4SnS4 is prepared at 200 °C from a homogeneous MeOH solution of Li4SnS4 (obtained from stoichiometric mixtures of Li2S and SnS2 at 450 °C) and LiI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Li(Li0.05Cu0.05Mn1.90)O4 by a Flameless Combustion Method.
Authors: Hao Jiabin , Bai Hongli , Liu Jintao , Yang Fangli , Li Qiling , Su Changwei , Guo Junming
Published: April 2016

The title material is prepared by a flameless combustion method from a stoichiometric mixture of LiNO3, LiOAc, Mn(NO3)2, Mn(OAc)2, and Cu(NO3)2 (500 °C, 3 h) followed by calcination (700 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition of Barium Ferrate(VI): Mechanism and Formation of FeIV Intermediate and Nanocrystalline Fe2O3 and Ferrite.
Authors: Machala Libor , Sharma Virender K. , Kuzmann Ernoe , Homonnay Zoltan , Filip Jan , Kralchevska Radina P.
Published: April 2016

Thermal decomposition of BaFeO4 in static air and nitrogen atmosphere is monitored by thermal analysis, Moessbauer spectroscopy, powder XRD, and electron‐microscopic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Syntheses of Three Novel Carbonate Halides: Cs3Pb2(CO3)3I, KBa2(CO3)2F, and RbBa2(CO3)2F.
Authors: Liu Lili , Yang Yun , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: April 2016

Cs3Pb2(CO3)3I (I) is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Cs2CO3, PbI2, Rb2CO3, and NaOH (autoclave, 200 °C, 3 d; cooling to 25 °C at a rate of 3 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Rhodium Nanoparticle‐Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Chemoselective Reduction of Heteroarenes.
Authors: Karakulina Alena , Gopakumar Aswin , Akcok Ismail , Roulier Bastien L. , LaGrange Thomas , Katsyuba Sergey A. , Das Shoubhik , Dyson Paul J.
Published: April 2016

Rhodium nanoparticles stabilized with [bmim]BF4 ionic liquid in combination with the Lewis acidic chlorozincate of the formula (ZnCl2)0.67‐[bmim]Cl is found to be an efficient catalyst system for the highly chemoselective ring‐hydrogenation of functionalized quinolines, pyridines, and furans.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Mediated Oxidative Spirocyclization of Difluorenylidene Diarylethanes Leading to Dispiro[fluorene‐9,5′‐indeno[2,1‐a]indene‐10′,9′′‐fluorene]s.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Xu Zhanqiang , Oniwa Kazuaki , Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: April 2016

The method is applicable to the synthesis of non‐spirolinked dihydroindenoindenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Cu‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Odorless Synthesis of Sulfides from Triphenyltinchloride, Aryl Halides and S8 in PEG.
Authors: Rostami Abed , Rostami Amin , Iranpoor Nasser , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2016

A novel method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides (V) from Ph3SnCl (II) and aryl halides using S8 as the sulfur source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Multisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans and Pyrrolidines via Intramolecular Aldol‐Type Trapping of Onium Ylide Intermediates.
Authors: Jing Changcheng , Xing Dong , Gao Lixin , Li Jia , Hu Wenhao
Published: April 2016

The corresponding title compounds are obtained through a metal—carbene‐induced oxonium ylide or ammonium ylide formation followed by an intramolecular aldol‐type trapping of these active intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Clean and Efficient Iodination of Thiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Grolleau Jeremie , Frere Pierre , Gohier Frederic
Published: April 2016

Various substituted thiophenes are iodinated with NIS using TosOH as catalyst and EtOH as green solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐Divergent Synthesis of Saturated Azaheterocycles Enabled by tBuOK‐Mediated Hydroamination of Alkenyl Hydrazones.
Authors: Kaga Atsushi , Peng Xingao , Hirao Hajime , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: April 2016

2,5‐Cis pyrrolidines are synthesized by reaction of γ,δ‐unsaturated N‐benzyl hydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: Internal Oxidant‐Triggered Aerobic Oxygenation and Cyclization of Indoles under Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Huang Huawen , Cai Jinhui , Ji Xiaochen , Xiao Fuhong , Chen Ya , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: April 2016

Copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of indoles with oxime acetates furnishing pyrazoloindole derivatives is achieved using elemental oxygen as terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Arylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridines and 4‐Aminothieno[2,3‐b]pyridines via a Regioselective Bromination of Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine.
Authors: Lucas Simon C. C. , Moore Jane E. , Donald Craig S. , Hawkins Janet L.
Published: April 2016

For the first time, regioselective bromination at C‐4 of thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine N‐oxide (I) is achieved using TBAB as bromide source.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Multiring Fused 2‐Pyridones via a Nitrene Insertion Reaction: Fluorescent Modulators of α‐Synuclein Amyloid Formation.
Authors: Singh Pardeep , Chorell Erik , Krishnan K. Syam , Kindahl Tomas , Aaden Joergen , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla , Almqvist Fredrik
Published: April 2016

The thermolysis of azides under microwave irradiation followed by hydrolysis of resulting esters leads to fluorescent carboxylic acids (III), (VI), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Geminal Dichloride Reactivity of 3,4,4,5‐Tetrachloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine: Access to 4,4‐Dioxo‐ and Dithio‐Ketals.
Authors: Kalogirou Andreas S. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: April 2016

Treatment of title compound (I) with selected alcohols, phenols, and thiols leads to the regiospecific substitution of both geminal C‐4 chlorines to afford the corresponding ketal, or thioketal derivatives, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Analogues of (S)‐Clopidogrel: Preparation Method and Properties.
Authors: Vasiljeva Jelena , Domracheva Ilona , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: April 2016

A new and simple approach to synthesize selenium analogues of clopidogrel [ct.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Burst Inhibition, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Acriquinoline Alkaloids from Citrus reticulate (Blanco).
Authors: Fomani Marie , Ngeufa Happi Emmanuel , Nouga Bisoue Achille , Ndom Jean Claude , Kamdem Waffo Alain Francois , Sewald Norbert , Wansi Jean Duplex
Published: April 2016

Acriquinolines A (Ia) and B (b) are isolated from the methanolic extract of the root of Citrus reticulata Blanco together with 22 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Confirmation of the Antimalarial Naphthopyrone Lasionectrin.
Authors: Poral Vincent L. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: April 2016

The total synthesis of lasionectrin (I) shows that the natural product is the enantiomer of the initially proposed structure.
ChemInform Abstract: The Developing Concept of Bifunctional Catalysis with Transition Metal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Ramasamy Balasubramaniyam , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: April 2016

Review: [93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Utilization of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands in Atroposelective Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Demchuk Oleg M. , Kaplon Katarzyna , Kacka Agnieszka , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal
Published: April 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids Through Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Functionalization
Authors: Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Shang Rui , Liu Lei
Published: April 2016

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Kinetic Resolutions
Authors: Petersen Kimberly S.
Published: April 2016

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Folding, Motional, and Constitutional Dynamic Processes of Polyheterocyclic Molecular Strands
Authors: Barboiu Mihail , Stadler Adrian‐Mihail , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: April 2016

Review: [84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers by Means of Organoselenium‐ Mediated Cyclization of Unsaturated Alcohols
Authors: Bugarcic Zorica M. , Kostic Marina D. , Divac Vera M.
Published: April 2016

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalysts for the Formation of Six‐Membered N‐Polyheterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: April 2016

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixazacrowns from Molecular Receptors to Advanced Responsive Materials
Authors: Oueslati Issam
Published: April 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Property Relationships in Atomic‐Scale Junctions: Histograms and Beyond
Authors: Hybertsen Mark S. , Venkataraman Latha
Published: April 2016

Review: 41 refs.
Purification of Translating Ribosomes and Associated mRNAs from Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Castro‐Guerrero Norma A. , Cui Yaya , Mendoza‐Cozatl David G.
Published: April 2016

Cell identity and function are largely determined by specific gene expression patterns and ultimately by the proteome. Current high‐throughput sequencing technologies offer the possibility of quantifying gene expression at high resolution, with minimum input and without the constraints of array‐based systems, such as the need for specific probes. In addition, techniques are now available to capture genes that are actively being translated. These techniques use either density gradients or epitope‐based immunoprecipitation to purify translating ribosomes and associated mRNAs (i.e., translatomes). More recently, the combination of tissue‐specific promoters driving epitope‐tagged ribosomes with high‐throughput sequencing has allowed the identification of genes and networks unique to specific cell types. Translatome analyses have the potential to unravel genetic programs and cellular responses to environmental stresses at cell‐specific resolution. This unit describes steps for the use of epitope‐based immunoprecipitation to purify translating ribosomes from soybean and the recovery of mRNA for downstream applications such as gene expression analysis. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ghrelin mitigates β‐cell mass loss during insulitis in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, the BioBreeding/Worcester rat
Authors: Baena‐Nieto Gloria , Lomas‐Romero Isabel M. , Mateos Rosa M. , Leal‐Cosme Noelia , Perez‐Arana Gonzalo , Aguilar‐Diosdado Manuel , Segundo Carmen , Lechuga‐Sancho Alfonso M.
Published: April 2016

Background

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone with pleiotropic effects. It stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis‐mediated cell death. It prevents diabetes mellitus in several models of chemical, surgical and biological toxic insults to pancreas in both in vivo and in vitro models and promotes glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion under cytotoxic conditions. It has not yet been tested in vivo in an autoimmune model of diabetes with a persistent insult to the β‐cell. Given the immunomodulating effects of ghrelin and its trophic effects on β‐cells, we hypothesized that ghrelin treatment during the early stages of insulitis would delay diabetes onset.

Methods

BioBreeding/Worcester male rats received ghrelin (10 ng/kg/day) before insulitis development. Glucose metabolism was characterized by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. β‐cell mass, islet area, islet number, β‐cell clusters, proliferation and apoptosis and degree of insulitis were analysed by histomorphometry. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted and analysed applying the log‐rank (Mantel–Cox) test.

Results

Ghrelin treatment significantly reduced the probability of developing diabetes in our model (p < 0.0001). It decreased islet infiltration and partially prevented β‐cell mass loss, enabling the maintenance of β‐cell neogenesis and proliferation rates. Furthermore, ghrelin treatment did not induce any metabolic perturbations.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that ghrelin delays the development of autoimmune diabetes by attenuating insulitis and supporting β‐cell mass.

General Significance

Ghrelin promotes β‐cell viability and function through diverse mechanisms that may have significant implications for diabetes prevention, therapy and also transplant success of both islets and complete pancreas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced peripheral blood mtDNA content is associated with impaired glucose‐stimulated islet β cell function in a Chinese population with different degrees of glucose tolerance
Authors: Zhou Mei‐cen , Zhu Lixin , Cui Xiangli , Feng Linbo , Zhao Xuefeng , He Shuli , Ping Fan , Li Wei , Li Yuxiu
Published: April 2016

Aims

Our aim is to explore the associations between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and basal plasma glucose, plasma glucose after oral glucose administration and oxidative stress in a Chinese population with different levels of glucose tolerance. We also aimed to investigate the effect of mtDNA content on basal and oral glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion.

Methods

Five hundred and fifty‐six Chinese subjects underwent a 75‐g, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects with diabetes (n = 159), pre‐diabetes (n = 197) and normal glucose tolerance (n = 200) were screened. Blood lipid profile was assessed, and levels of the oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase (GR) and 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) were measured. Levels of HbA1c, plasma glucose, insulin and C‐peptide were also determined. Measurements were taken at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Peripheral blood mtDNA content was assessed using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda index (ISIM). Basal insulin secretion index (HOMA‐β), early phase disposition index (DI30) and total phase disposition index (DI120) indicate insulin levels at different phases of insulin secretion.

Results

Peripheral blood mtDNA content was positively associated with DI30 and DI120 and was negatively associated with plasma glucose measured 30, 60 and 120 min after oral glucose administration. However, there was no correlation between mtDNA content and basal insulin secretion (HOMA‐β), serum lipid or oxidative stress indicators (8‐oxo‐dG, superoxide dismutase, GR). HbA1c was negatively associated with GR (r = −0.136, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that reduced peripheral blood mtDNA content increased the risk of impaired glucose‐stimulated β cell function (DI30: β = 0.104, p = 0.019; DI120: β = 0.116, p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Decreased peripheral blood mtDNA content was more closely associated with glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion than with basal secretion. Reduction in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion causes postprandial hyperglycaemia. The oxidative stress was probably largely influenced by hyperglycaemia; it was probably that the decreased mt DNA content led to hyperglycaemia, which caused elevated oxidative stress. © 2016 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The relative importance of reproduction and survival for the conservation of two dolphin populations
Authors: Manlik Oliver , McDonald Jane A. , Mann Janet , Raudino Holly C. , Bejder Lars , Krützen Michael , Connor Richard C. , Heithaus Michael R. , Lacy Robert C. , Sherwin William B.
Published: April 2016

It has been proposed that in slow‐growing vertebrate populations survival generally has a greater influence on population growth than reproduction. Despite many studies cautioning against such generalizations for conservation, wildlife management for slow‐growing populations still often focuses on perturbing survival without careful evaluation as to whether those changes are likely or feasible. Here, we evaluate the relative importance of reproduction and survival for the conservation of two bottlenose dolphin (Tursiopscfaduncus) populations: a large, apparently stable population and a smaller one that is forecast to decline. We also assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of wildlife management objectives aimed at boosting either reproduction or survival. Consistent with other analytically based elasticity studies, survival had the greatest effect on population trajectories when altering vital rates by equal proportions. However, the findings of our alternative analytical approaches are in stark contrast to commonly used proportional sensitivity analyses and suggest that reproduction is considerably more important. We show that

in the stable population reproductive output is higher, and adult survival is lower;

the difference in viability between the two populations is due to the difference in reproduction;

reproductive rates are variable, whereas survival rates are relatively constant over time;

perturbations on the basis of observed, temporal variation indicate that population dynamics are much more influenced by reproduction than by adult survival;

for the apparently declining population, raising reproductive rates would be an effective and feasible tool to reverse the forecast population decline; increasing survival would be ineffective.

Our findings highlight the importance of reproduction – even in slow‐growing populations – and the need to assess the effect of natural variation in vital rates on population viability. We echo others in cautioning against generalizations based on life‐history traits and recommend that population modeling for conservation should also take into account the magnitude of vital rate changes that could be attained under alternative management scenarios.
Nesting population origins of leatherback turtles caught as bycatch in the U.S. pelagic longline fishery
Authors: Stewart Kelly R. , LaCasella Erin L. , Roden Suzanne E. , Jensen Michael P. , Stokes Lesley W. , Epperly Sheryan P. , Dutton Peter H.
Published: April 2016

Fisheries that operate at large spatial scales and with high intensity have the potential to impact highly migratory species, and it is important to characterize threats to specific breeding populations of these species. We used many‐to‐many mixed‐stock analysis (MSA) (n = 408) and microsatellite assignment testing (n = 397) to determine source populations for leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) caught as bycatch in the U.S. pelagic longline fishery from 2002 to 2012 in the western North Atlantic. Within the United States, we had bycatch samples from the majority of statistical fishing areas: Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Northeast Distant (NED), Caribbean (CAR), Florida East Coast (FEC), Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB), Northeast Coastal (NEC), South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and Sargasso (SAR). We determined the proportions of turtles from each of nine nesting stocks in the Atlantic in each of the sampled areas. These nesting stocks included Brazil, Costa Rica, Florida, Trinidad, French Guiana, St. Croix, Ghana, Gabon, and South Africa. The MSA revealed that the NED had a lower relative proportion of turtles from Costa Rica than other areas and that the GOM had the highest relative proportion of turtles from Costa Rica. No turtles were assigned to the African rookeries, lending further evidence that turtles from that region forage elsewhere and therefore may not be affected by western North Atlantic fisheries. This work contributes to the ongoing assessment of threats to leatherback turtles in the Regional Management Unit (RMU) of the western North Atlantic, and draws attention to the disproportionate number of turtles from Costa Rica being caught in the Gulf of Mexico; Costa Rica is one of the only populations in the northern Atlantic that is not experiencing significant increases in nest numbers. This approach should be useful in determining population‐specific threats to other highly migratory protected species that may depend on segregated foraging areas either within or among species.
Modeling lake trophic state: a random forest approach
Authors: Hollister Jeffrey W. , Milstead W. Bryan , Kreakie Betty J.
Published: April 2016

Productivity of lentic ecosystems is well studied, and it is widely accepted that as nutrient inputs increase, productivity increases and lakes transition from lower trophic state (e.g., oligotrophic) to higher trophic states (e.g., eutrophic). These broad trophic state classifications are good predictors of ecosystem condition, services (e.g., recreation and esthetics), and disservices (e.g., harmful algal blooms). While the relationship between nutrients and trophic state provides reliable predictions, it requires in situ water quality data to parameterize the model. This limits the application of these models to lakes with existing and, more importantly, available water quality data. To address this, we take advantage of the availability of a large national lakes water quality database (i.e., the National Lakes Assessment), land‐use/land‐cover data, lake morphometry data, and other universally available data, and we apply data‐mining approaches to predict trophic state. Using these data and random forests, we first model chlorophyllaand then classify the resultant predictions into trophic states. The full model estimates chlorophyllawith both in situ and universally available data. The mean‐squared error and adjustedR2of this model was 0.09 and 0.8, respectively. The second model uses universally availableGISdata only. The mean‐squared error was 0.22, and the adjustedR2was 0.48. The Kappa coefficients of the trophic state classifications derived from the chlorophyllapredictions were 0.57 for the full model and 0.29 for the “GIS‐only” model. Random forests extend the usefulness of the class predictions by providing prediction probabilities for each lake. This allows us to make trophic state predictions and also indicate the level of uncertainty around those predictions. For the full model, these predicted class probabilities ranged from 0.42 to 1. For theGIS‐only model, they ranged from 0.33 to 0.96. It is our conclusion that in situ data are required for better predictions, yetGISand universally available data provide trophic state predictions, with estimated uncertainty, that still have the potential for a broad array of applications. The source code and data for this manuscript are available fromhttps://github.com/USEPA/LakeTrophicModelling.
NH4Cl selective leaching of basic oxygen furnace slag: Optimization study using response surface methodology
Authors: Sun Yong , Zhang Jing Ping , Zhang Lian
Published: April 2016

The basic oxygen furnace slag (SL) was selectively leached by NH4Cl. Response surface methodology and the central composite design (CCD) were employed in determining the optimal condition. The process parameters such as leaching duration, NH4Cl concentration, liquid solid ratio (LSR), and leaching temperature were chosen as independent variables in CCD. The quadratic model was developed for process optimization and statistical experimental designs. It is found that the leaching duration, NH4Cl concentration and liquid solid ratio are significant to the extraction of Ca2+ and Mg2+. The optimal conditions with setting maximum extraction of calcium and magnesium cations from SL are as following: 68 min (X1), 1.8 mol/L NH4Cl (X2), LSR 12 mL/g (X3), 53°C (X4), with the predicted Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration reaching 13.3 and 3.2 g/L, respectively. The proposed simplified leaching mechanism indicates a two‐stage leaching. The prone leachable MgFe2O4 and Ca2Fe2O5 are extracted in the fast stage, while the extraction of CaO occurs throughout slow stage. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1387–1394, 2016
Adsorptive removal of fluoride using hierarchical flower‐like calcined Mg–Al layered double hydroxides
Authors: Bo Lifang , Li Qiurong , Wang Yihan , Gao Lele , Hu Xiaohui , Yang Jinghua
Published: April 2016

Fluoride is the naturally occurring groundwater contaminant around the world, and has been the focus of extensive research efforts in the past few decades. Among various fluoride removal technologies, adsorption was the most attractive because it was highly efficient, cost‐effective, and suitable for small communities. A facile synthetic approach was presented for hierarchical flower‐like Mg–Al‐layered double hydroxides (MgAl‐LDO) via the simple hydrothermal method, followed by a subsequent calcination at 500°C for 4 h in air. The resulting calcined MgAl‐LDO were studied for their adsorption performance in removing fluoride from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the flower‐like sphere of hierarchical calcined MgAl‐LDO was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using urea as precipitating agent. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the kinetic adsorption could be described by a pseudo‐second‐order model very well. The adsorption of fluoride on MgAl‐LDO was strongly dependent on pH value. The Freundlich model fitted the adsorption isotherms of fluoride better than the Langmuir model at three different temperatures of 25, 45, and 65°C. They were demonstrated to be reusable with the efficiency of fluoride removal up to 80% at the fourth cycle. we successfully fabricated flower‐like spherical structures MgAl‐LDO by a facile hydrothermal method without any templates. It was envisioned that the synthesized samples using this facile synthetic approach were very promising for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2016 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1420–1429, 2016
Gfap‐positive radial glial cells are an essential progenitor population for later‐born neurons and glia in the zebrafish spinal cord
Authors: Johnson Kimberly , Barragan Jessica , Bashiruddin Sarah , Smith Cody J. , Tyrrell Chelsea , Parsons Michael J. , Doris Rosemarie , Kucenas Sarah , Downes Gerald B. , Velez Carla M. , Schneider Caitlin , Sakai Catalina , Pathak Narendra , Anderson Katrina , Stein Rachael , Devoto Stephen H. , Mumm Jeff S. , Barresi Michael J. F.
Published: April 2016

Radial glial cells are presumptive neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing nervous system. The direct requirement of radial glia for the generation of a diverse array of neuronal and glial subtypes, however, has not been tested. We employed two novel transgenic zebrafish lines and endogenous markers of NSCs and radial glia to show for the first time that radial glia are essential for neurogenesis during development. By using the gfap promoter to drive expression of nuclear localized mCherry we discerned two distinct radial glial‐derived cell types: a major nestin+/Sox2+ subtype with strong gfap promoter activity and a minor Sox2+ subtype lacking this activity. Fate mapping studies in this line indicate that gfap+ radial glia generate later‐born CoSA interneurons, secondary motorneurons, and oligodendroglia. In another transgenic line using the gfap promoter‐driven expression of the nitroreductase enzyme, we induced cell autonomous ablation of gfap+ radial glia and observed a reduction in their specific derived lineages, but not Blbp+ and Sox2+/gfap‐negative NSCs, which were retained and expanded at later larval stages. Moreover, we provide evidence supporting classical roles of radial glial in axon patterning, blood–brain barrier formation, and locomotion. Our results suggest that gfap+ radial glia represent the major NSC during late neurogenesis for specific lineages, and possess diverse roles to sustain the structure and function of the spinal cord. These new tools will both corroborate the predicted roles of astroglia and reveal novel roles related to development, physiology, and regeneration in the vertebrate nervous system. GLIA 2016;64:1170–1189
Effects on Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum Melongema l.) Under Placement of Drip Laterals and Using Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Tripathi Vinod Kumar , Rajput T.B.S. , Patel Neelam , Kumar Pradeep
Published: April 2016

This study was conducted to utilize municipal wastewater through surface and subsurface (15 and 30 cm) drip systems. Wastewater was treated though media type, disk type and combined media and disk type filters. The field experiment was conducted for two years with wastewater and groundwater. Root length density (RLD), leaf area index (LAI), and fruit yield with dry matter was recorded. LAI was lower under subsurface drip during the initial 55 days after transplantation, but in later stages it was significantly higher in comparison to surface drip. Highest RLD of 3.6 cm cm–3 was recorded under subsurface drip at 30 cm depth. RLD and LAI were related with a correlation coefficient value of 0.69. Highest dry matter content (8.75%) was recorded under surface drip but highest fruit yield was recorded under subsurface placement of drip at 15 cm depth. Subsurface drip at 15 and 30 cm depths resulted in 12.4 and 8.5% higher yields respectively, in comparison with surface drip. Utilization of wastewater through a drip irrigation system has given 6.2% increase in eggplant fruit yield in comparison to groundwater irrigation, with savings of 47, 18 and 40% of N, P2O5 and K2O nutrients respectively. The findings of the present study elucidate the potentials and constraints of wastewater utilization through a subsurface drip system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual and Digital Texts
Authors: Botzakis Stergios
Published: April 2016

This column highlights and evaluates apps and websites that teachers, students, and other interested parties can use to explore, research, and read comics and graphic novels in digital environments.
Professional Resources
Authors: Haddix Marcelle M.
Published: April 2016

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult professional resources and is a valuable resource for professional resource selection within and outside the classroom.
Nightmare Disorder, Psychopathology Levels, and Coping in a Diverse Psychiatric Sample
Authors: van Schagen Annette , Lancee Jaap , Swart Marijke , Spoormaker Victor , van den Bout Jan
Published: April 2016

Objective

Nightmares are associated with psychopathology and impaired coping in the general population. However, little is known about this association in a psychiatric population. In this study, we investigate whether patients with diverse psychiatric disorders have increased symptomatology and different coping styles if they suffer from comorbid nightmare disorder.

Method

Participants were 498 patients with diverse moderate to severe psychiatric disorders. As part of a standard assessment procedure, they filled out questionnaires regarding nightmares, psychopathology, personality pathology, and coping.

Results

A multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc tests showed that patients with nightmare disorder scored higher on psychopathology (ηp2 = .03; p = .001) and personality pathology (ηp2 = .01–.03; p < .05). No significant differences were found with regards to coping strategies.

Conclusion

Nightmare disorder is associated with higher levels of psychopathology and personality pathology in a sample of patients with diverse psychiatric disorders.
The BRIDGE trial: What the hospitalist should know
Authors: Nazha Bassel , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: April 2016

Atrial fibrillation patients often require warfarin interruption for an invasive procedure or surgery. Heparin bridging therapy has been frequently used during warfarin interruption under the premise of providing a theoretical mitigation against thromboembolism that overweighs expected higher rates of bleeding. Up until recently, little definite clinical evidence was available to guide the hospitalist on optimal perioperative anticoagulant management. The landmark BRIDGE (Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) trial provided high‐quality evidence that a simple interruption of warfarin in the average atrial fibrillation patient undergoing an elective procedure or surgery is noninferior to bridging therapy for efficacy and superior to bridging therapy in preventing major bleeding. To guide the hospitalist, we propose a treatment algorithm based on these recent data. We review the literature that led to the trial and highlight its practice‐changing implications as a proof of concept that calls to question the premise of heparin bridging therapy beyond the atrial fibrillation population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:652–657. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Preferences over Bank and Family Loans in Rural Rwanda
Authors: Peters Jörg , Schoofs Annekathrin , Sievert Maximiliane
Published: April 2016

We study borrowers' preferences over bank and family loans based on field work undertaken in rural Rwanda. We randomly assigned willingness‐to‐pay questions for a hypothetical loan offer either by a bank or by a family member to a sample of 480 households. Informal family loans are typically easier to access. Because of the social costs they imply, it is widely believed that family finance is less attractive than formal finance. Our empirical results, however, show no significant difference in preferences over these two choices. This suggests that even if formal credits were widely accessible, people would still also utilize informal finance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of iron at 600 °C – experiments and simulations
Authors: Larsson H. , Jonsson T. , Naraghi R. , Gong Y. , Reed R. C. , Ågren J.
Published: April 2016

Pure iron has been oxidized at 600 °C and 1 bar in dry O2 (oxygen partial pressure 0.05, bal. N2) and the mass gain as well as the thicknesses of the individual oxide phases have been measured. The oxidation process has been simulated using a modified version of the homogenization model as implemented in Dictra; this has helped to rationalize the kinetics of oxide scale formation and in particular the evolution of the hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wustite (FeO) which form. Independently assessed thermodynamic and kinetic Calphad databases are needed for the calculations; details of these are given. Reasonable agreement between simulation results and experimental data is obtained, though it is concluded that the large influence of grain boundary diffusion on the oxidation rate needs further consideration.
UV Cross‐Linkable Polymer Based on Triazine: Synthesis, Characterization and Crosslinking Studies
Authors: Suresh Jayaseelan , Vakees Ekambaram , Uma Palaniswamy , Selvaraj Revathy , Karthikeyan Arunachalam , Arun Araichimani
Published: April 2016

3‐(4‐((4‐(4‐Acetylphenoxy)‐6‐((4‐nitrophenyl)amino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)oxy)phenyl)‐1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TAP) is synthesized using cynuric chloride, 2,4‐Dichloro‐1‐ene(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phenone,4‐nitroaniline and 4‐aminoacetophenone. 1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐((4‐(4‐(3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)‐6‐((4nitrophenyl)amino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)oxy)phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TCC) is synthesized using TAP and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. 4‐(3‐(4‐((4‐(4‐(3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)phenoxy)‐6‐((4‐nitrophenyl)amino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)oxy)phenyl)‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl acrylate (TCP) is synthesized using TCC and acryloyl chloride. Copolymers of the TCP are prepared using vinyl acetate, styrene, and acrylamide are carried out by solution polymerization technique by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Monomer and polymers are characterized by using IR and NMR techniques. The photocrosslinking property of the polymers was done by using the UV absorption spectroscopic technique. The rate of photocrosslinking was enhanced compared to that of the homopolymers, when the TCP was copolymerized with the VA, AM and S. Thermal stability and molecular weights (Mw and Mn) are determined for the polymer samples and molecular weights of the polymers are found to be around 10000 g/mol.
Study of Chemically Synthesized Polyindole/Poly(vinyl acetate) Conducting Composite Film
Authors: Bhagat D. J. , Dhokane G. R.
Published: April 2016

In this study, polyindole/poly(vinyl acetate) (PIN/PVAc) conducting composite film was prepared through chemical polymerization using oxidant FeCl3. As‐synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and DC conductivity measurements. FTIR spectra were supported polymerization of polyindole in presence of poly(vinyl acetate). The polymer chain separation was determined using XRD analysis. An attempt has been made to study temperature dependence of DC conductivity of PIN/PVAc conducting composite film in temperature range 308–393 K. The DC conductivity initially increases and reaches to 3.91 × 10−7 S/cm.
Rapid Formation of Ternary CdZnSe2 Chalcogenide Thin Film by Microwave Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Bagade Chaitali S. , Ghanwat Vishvanath B. , Kharade Suvarta D. , Khot Kishorkumar V. , Kharade Rohini R. , Desai Neha D. , Bhosale Popatrao N.
Published: April 2016

Nanostructured ternary cadmium zinc selenide (CZS) thin films have been deposited by a rapid and reliable Microwave assisted chemical bath deposition (MA‐CBD) method by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and triethanolamine (TEA) as complexing agents. Optical, structural, morphological, compositional and electrical properties of CZS thin films have been investigated as a function of different complexing agents. Band gap energy of CZS thin films obtained for EDTA and TEA was 2.03 and 1.75 eV respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that films were nanocrystalline in nature with mixed phase structure, in which cubic phase of CdSe dominant over hexagonal ZnSe. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show porous surface morphology with distinct grains over the substrate surface. The EDS spectra show presence of Cd, Zn and Se elements. Thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement shows films were n‐type semiconducting in nature. Synthesized thin films shows potential for solar cell application.