bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Harmonic Analysis of the High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Authors: Chakraborty Gaurav , Goswami Aiswarya Dev , Roy Jyotipraya
Published: December 2023

The high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, mainly the high-pressure sodium vapor lamp and the MH lamp are the most common lamps used in public lighting purposes in Indian context, despite of the fact that uses of light emitting diodes are becoming common nowadays. The aim of this paper is to study the harmonic content in these high-power lighting networks. These light sources have been chosen because of their high power and another component, known as the igniter, which is connected to the circuit and whose effect can be studied. The study presented in this paper is completely based on measurements, including the harmonic analysis. Different combinations of ballasts and lamps have been chosen to perform the experiment. The main results show that high-pressure sodium vapour (SON) lamps have a much higher harmonic content in the lamp voltage and supply current waveforms as compared to the metal halide (MH) lamps. Results also indicate that lamp voltage harmonic contains significant amount of higher order harmonics, and its waveform is much distorted than the supply current or the ballast waveform. Furthermore, the percent of total harmonic distortion (THD) content is higher. These results will guide the future designer to select a light source from the point of view of the harmonic content in the lamp voltage, ballast voltage, and the supply current.
Evaluation of Lighting Quality Based On Visibility
Authors: Smirnova (Meshkova) Tatiana V. , Boos George V. , Budak Vladimir P. , Ilyina Ekaterina I.
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the issues of modelling the human centric lighting environment using computer graphics methods. Modern computer graphics programs allow for the calculation of spatial-angular distribution of luminance, a fundamental characteristic that shapes the visual perception of a scene. Richard Kelly, the founder of lighting design, states in his works that the main aspect of the comfortable visual luminous environment creating is the distribution of luminance in space. Analysing the spatial-angular distribution of luminance allows for a new stage in the evolution of assessing the quality of lighting in a simulated or real environment.
By solving the task of forming a set of photometric parameters for human centric lighting (HCL) within this research, the possibility of designing a lighting installation for a specified lighting quality using computer graphics methods is demonstrated.
The term human centric lighting refers to lighting that considers both the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans, starting from the visual representation of the environment and visual comfort, and extending to the impact on sleep quality, wakefulness, mood, and human behaviour.
This article presents a lighting quality criterion based on spatial-angular distribution of luminance and a developed psychophysical scale, which together allow for the assessment of lighting quality using computer graphics methods.
Daylighting in a Space of a Modern Museum: Light Core
Authors: Ermolenko Elena V.
Published: December 2023

Based on the analysis of a number of the newest museums and museum complexes, one of the most striking and significant architectural techniques for building a daylighting system is presented, which received the name “light core” in the study. Sunlight acts as a focused, dense, and narrowly directed stream when this technique is using. The light core is the most important tool for shaping and creating a unique atmosphere of the interior space of a modern museum, especially in its public and recreational parts. On the examples of the works of T. Ando, M. Botta, D. Libeskind, R. Piano, F. Romero, as well as the architectural bureaus Ennead Architects, Perkins+Will show options for constructing and accentuating the light core in the main public spaces of the museum, as well as in the exhibition halls.
Applied Photometry: Review of Retrospective and Reality Part 2: LED Challenge to Photometry
Authors: Stolyarevskaya Raisa I.
Published: December 2023

This is the second part devoted to review of modern applied photometry. In the six paragraphs of part 1 of this publication1, the oneness of candela and Watt realization and short history of artificial light sources up to LED intervention was observed. Activity of international expert’s community in field of light and optical radiation measurements was discussed.
The replacement of traditional sources of general lighting and signalling by radiation sources with LEDs, which have a spectral distribution of light emitting characteristics different from traditional light sources, has raised a number of issues in the metrological support of optical radiometry and applied photometry related to the oneness of the reproduction of units of energy and photometric quantities based on Watt.
Postoperative Death of a Young Adult with Acute Endocarditis Complicated by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Following a Routine Double Valve replacement and Extracorporeal Oxygenation membrane: A Case Report
Authors: Khedija Soumer , Mouna Bousnina , Nadia Azabou , Fatma Ben Saida , Emna Bennour , Amine Jemel
Published: December 2023

At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, practicing physicians are confronted with the challenge of distinction SARS-CoV-2 infection from other diagnostic entities but also the possibility of treating COVID-19 patients with other co-existing diseases. This challenge becomes even greater with infectious diseases like infective endocarditis given the similarity of clinical manifestation of the two diseases. We report the case of a young adult who was diagnosed with acute infective endocarditis complicated by heart failure and who simultaneously contracted the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. He had double valve replacement but unfortunately, his clinical condition deteriorated rapidly with respiratory COVID-19 complications followed by multiorgan failure. Physicians should maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion to diagnose COVID-19 concomitant with infective endocarditis. The task of distinguishing the two is based on RT-PCR testing but mainly on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).
Prevalence of Patent Foramen Ovale in Ischemic Stroke Patients Over 60 Years of Age
Authors: Bencherif Lamia , Heinzlef Olivier , Ajili Nadia
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The patent foramen oval (PFO) prevalence is higher in young subjects with cryptogenic stroke compared to the general population, but there is not much information in subjects over 60 years old. The goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PFO in patients over 60 years of age managed at Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint Germain en Laye (CHIPS) for an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and compare these results to what has already been reported in the literature. Methods: It is a monocentric, observational, descriptive and retrospective study of a series of patients aged 60 to 80 years with ischemic stroke managed in the Neurovascular Intensive Care Unit of the CHIPS from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. We excluded from our series AIS of identified non-cardio-embolic cause according to the TOAST classification. We have chosen to favour contrast TTE over TEE in our population of elderly subjects. Results: Among the 22 patients analysed (mean age of 72.3 years), 7 patients received TEE and 15 patients received contrast TTE for PFO screening. In our series, we have a significant PFO prevalence of 12.5% in cryptogenic AIS (1 in 8 cryptogenic AIS), which corresponds to the prevalence reported in the literature in subjects over 60 years of age with cryptogenic AIS (13%). Conclusion: This is a preliminary descriptive study on the prevalence of PFO in elderly subjects with cryptogenic AIS in our center before undertaking further studies on the association between PFO and AIS in patients over 60 years of age, and eventually on the interest of PFO closure in this age group.
Can the Use of Cardiology Medical Record to Deliver Educational Intervention Improve Care? On Behalf of TAPP Program: Thinking Approach Towards Physician Support in Patient Management
Authors: A Langer , M Tan , L Goldin , G Langer
Published: December 2023

Background: Despite clear and concise practice guidelines, strategies for lowering LDL-C are often poorly adopted in clinical practice, and many patients fail to reach guideline-recommended levels despite physician education and quality improvement programs. We studied whether physician focussed, guideline-based practice level educational intervention can improve lipid lowering management. Methods: Cardiologists or internal medicine specialists from the province of Ontario, Canada who were using a cardiology specific EMR (CEREBRUM, WELL Health Technologies Corporation) were invited to participate. Practice level data of patients with history of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and lipid profile were studied. Physicians were alerted when patients in their practice were not treated according to recommendations. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients achieving the recommended LDL-C level of below 1.8 mmol/L. Results: Of the invited 378 specialists, 178 agreed to participate and shared their practice involving 7,683 ACS patients who were 70.4 ± 10.3 years of age and 27.2% were women. Overall, 57.7% of patients had LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L at the start of the program (1.84 ± 0.87 mmol/L) and 63.0% (1.75 ± 0.79 mmol/L) at the end of the program (p<0.0001). With respect to the lipid lowering therapy, statin therapy was used in 52.9% of patients at the start of the program and increased to 72.1% at the end (p<0.0001). The use of ezetimibe increased from 12.6% to 19.0% (p<0.0001) and the use of PCSK9i from 1.2% to 2.4% (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results indicate the feasibility of using EMR as a platform to deliver educational intervention and overcoming treatment inertia and improving LDL-C lowering.
Triple Negative Breast Cancer In Young Pregnant Women – Trhee Proposed Cases
Authors: Lara BOTELHO , Marina DE CARVALHO , Danielle CHAMBÔ , Antônio FILHO , Cecília PEREIRA , Izabela MUNIZ , Marcela LOPES
Published: December 2023

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is malignant neoplasm of the breast diagnosed during pregnancy or up to one year after delivery. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more common in patients younger than 50 years and has a more aggressive character. The treatment of PABC should consider the type of tumor, the stage of the disease, the gestational age at the time of diagnosis and the wishes of the patient and family members. The firstline treatment, due to the contraindication to radiotherapy during pregnancy, is radical mastectomy. Chemotherapy drugs are contraindicated in the first trimester and outside this period, their use must be carefully and discussed. Breast tumors found in pregnant women, in addition to being diagnosed in more advanced stages, are often more aggressive, of the triple negative type, demonstrating the relevance of the association of both for discussion. For this reason, the present study aims to report 3 cases of young patients diagnosed with breast cancer associated with triple negative pregnancy.
Ovarian Cystadenofibroma: Case Report
Authors: K Ikouch , O Wajih , H Berrehili , S Tossi , H Boufettal , S Mahdaoui , N Samouh
Published: December 2023

Ovarian cystadenofibromas are rare ovarian tumors. The clinical presentation is non-specific. The diagnosis can be made on imaging or anatomopathology. The appearance may be in favor of a malignant tumor. However, the surgeon must remain vigilant to avoid radical surgery in the face of this benign tumor.
A clinical case of a fracture of the lower jaw at an outpatient dental clinic's appointment: medical and social problems
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Gonchar V.V. , Stetsenko E. G. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Gonchar D. V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: December 2023

Using the example of a particular clinical case - a pathological fracture of the lower jaw at an outpatient surgical dental appointment – the article analyzes the causes of this complication, examines the provoking factors, the most characteristic symptoms, treatment plans and possible methods for preventing such complications. In addition to medical problems, social issues that arise when this complication occurs are raised.
Book Review: Teaching Peace and Conflict: The Multiple Roles of School Textbooks in Peacebuilding edited by Catherine Vanner, Spogmai Akseer, and Thursica Kovinthan Levi
Authors: Komaragiri Myuri
Published: December 2023

In Teaching Peace and Conflict: The Multiple Roles of School Textbooks in Peacebuilding, Catherine Vanner, Spogmai Akseer, and Thursica Kovinthan Levi present the Intersecting Roles of Education in Conflict framework as a tool for understanding education as a victim, accomplice, or transformer of conflict. In Myuri Komaragiri's review of the edited volume, she underscores the analytical power of the framework, asserting that it suggests that education, as illustrated in textbooks, can occupy multiple roles simultaneously, can oscillate between roles, and that the various roles are not always mutually exclusive or at odds. Komaragiri points to the fact that the transformer role is often identified as an intention, but that it has not always been actualized sufficiently to argue that prioritizing and enabling this transformational role is crucial if education is to play a role in peacebuilding.
Bangkit Semangat—Raise the Spirits: Teachers' Vulnerability, Resilience, and Voice in Postdisaster Indonesia
Authors: Henderson Christopher
Published: December 2023

The recent discussion paper on teachers presented at the United Nations Transforming Education Summit emphasizes the inclusion of teachers in social dialogue at the global and local levels. However, the requisite structural arrangements are not yet in place for teachers' voices to be heard or their perspectives acted on, especially in humanitarian settings. Only now are humanitarian actors beginning to understand the ways in which teachers respond to and work during complex emergencies. Humanitarian actors are also coming to realize how rarely teachers' perspectives inform the technical guidance documents that determine the conditions in which they work (Adelman 2019; Falk, Shephard, and Mendenhall 2022; Pherali, Abu Moghli, and Chase 2020). Based on an ethnographic study with teachers who experienced the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake in Bantul, Indonesia, this article contributes to a nascent body of literature on teachers' work, their vulnerability and resilience, and the importance of their voices during emergencies. As Marchezini (2015, 370) states, "It is necessary to look at survivors not merely as affected people, but as subjects with their own cultures and coping strategies." With insights from teachers' own narratives and the recurring concept of bangkit semangat (raise the spirits), I contend that the absence of teachers' voices from global policy and guidance means that we have an inadequate understanding of teachers' agency and fail to recognize their potential to realize, reimagine, and rework global recommendations at a local level.
Editorial Note: JEiE Volume 9, Number 1
Authors: Thompson Nathan , Colón Samantha , Burde Dana
Published: December 2023

The research articles, field notes, and book reviews featured in JEiE Volume 9, Number 1 focus on refugee education and aspirations, social and emotional learning and literacy, teachers' agency and self-concept, peacebuilding, and education responses to COVID-19, among other important themes.
Voices of Refugee Youth: Reflections on a Participatory, Youth-Centered Study
Authors: Barnes Katrina , Daltry Rebecca , Ashlee Amy , Emerusenge Aime Parfait , Khan Khalid , Rabi Asma , Mukankusi Aimée , Pacitto Julia , Hollow David , Sikes Bethany
Published: December 2023

Involving young refugees in the research process has significant potential to address current gaps in refugee research in a rigorous, equitable, and empowering way (Clark 2004; Haile, Meloni, and Rezaie 2020). This field note is a report on Voices of Refugee Youth, a research initiative in Pakistan and Rwanda that aims to build the evidence base for postprimary refugee education, while also increasing young refugees' access to and representation in this field of research. The purpose of this field note is to reflect critically on the participatory approach adopted by the initiative, whereby young refugees work as coresearchers who advise, collect data, and contribute to the deliverables. In the note we highlight the benefits of this approach, but also problematize it to offer valuable lessons about involving young refugees meaningfully in the research process. The authors conclude that participation must be approached with flexibility in order to facilitate different levels of participation, based on the skills or knowledge level of the young refugees in question. It is critical that participation is accompanied by rigorous training that responds to participants' contexts and experience levels, and addresses ethical issues such as positionality-based bias.
Virtuell Simulering för kvalitetssäkring av träning för befäl inom räddningstjänsten
Authors: Hammar Wijkmark Cecilia , Heldal Ilona , Metallinou Maria-Monika
Published: December 2023

Intresse och behov för att kvalitetssäkra träning av befäl inom räddningstjänst ökar. Idag finns inget krav på certifiering av befäl i Sverige, så som i t.ex. i Storbritannien och Estland, men räddningstjänster uttrycket behov av att systematisera, genomföra och dokumentera befälsträning. Utgångspunkten ligger på att vidareutveckla träningen, fokusera mer explicit på lärandet och utvecklande av feedback, snarare än att ge kritisk bedömning.
Befälsträning innebär uppbyggnad av, såväl tekniska som icke-tekniska färdigheter, så som situationsuppfattning, riskbedömning, förutseendet av händelseförlopp, kommunikation och ledarskap, vilket kräver att den tränande kan agera i hela, realistiska och dynamiska händelser. Att diskutera eller spela rollspel i händelser illustrerade med foton, video eller animationer, används för träning, medan praktiska övningar på fysiska övningsfält ofta ansetts som det mest realistiska övningsformatet. Sådana övningar är resurskrävande och därmed begränsade till antal, men också begränsade utifrån säkerhets- och miljöaspekter, samt variation av övningsobjekt. Ofta används containrar och betonghus som ska representera olika objekt i olika scenarion. En byggnad kan t.ex. representera en mekanisk verkstad på förmiddagen och ett hotell på eftermiddagen, utan att visuellt kunna representera någondera. Bränder är kontrollerade och bränslet begränsat. Dessa förutsättningar påverkar möjligheterna till att visualisera kritiska skadeplatsfaktorer och skapa dynamik i scenarion, vilket i sin tur påverkar befälsträning.
Virtuell simulering möjliggör idag lösningar till ovan nämnda begränsningar för befälsträning, där personer kan agera i befälsrollen fullt ut och t.ex. uppleva konsekvenser av beslut. Många personer kan tränas, resurseffektivt, med samma förutsättningar (scenario, problematik etc.). Det ger möjlighet att kvalitetssäkra träningen och att skapa ett kvalitetssäkringssystem för befäl.
Denna presentation delar erfarenheter från en studie genomförd under införandet av virtuell simulering för kvalitetssäkring av styrkeledare och insatsledare i Nerikes Brandkår under 2021-2022, där såväl virtuell simulering med motspel genomförts och utvärderats, men där också ett system för kvalitetssäkring av befäl testats. Syftet med presentationen är att visa konkreta exempel på utmaningar och möjligheter för kvalitetssäkring av räddningstjänstpersonal i olika ledningsroller, genom att använda virtuell simulering och ett forskningsbaserat kvalitetssäkringssystem.
Vikten av upptäcktstid i genomförandet av risk- och sårbarhetsanalys
Authors: Kåreklint Lars
Published: December 2023

Myndigheter, regioner och kommuner måste återkommande genomföra en risk- och sårbarhetsanalys (RSA). Målet med RSA är att organisationen ska identifiera och analysera de risker organisationen står inför, avgöra hur sårbar organisationen är för riskerna och sedan vidta åtgärder för att hantera riskerna. Utöver detta ska organisationen rapportera in till myndigheterna som sedan skapar en regional och nationell lägesbild.
I riskanalysen utgår organisationen ifrån en bedömning av vilka konsekvenserna skulle bli om en händelse inträffar tillsammans med en bedömning om hur sannolikt det är att händelsen inträffar. I arbetet med RSA ska fokus främst riktas mot risker där konsekvenserna blir höga eller katastrofala om en händelse inträffar men att sannolikheten är låg att händelsen sker. Bedömningarna vägs sedan samman och ett beslut tas om åtgärder ska tas eller ej för att öka organisationens robusthet mot risken.
Men det är först när en organisation upptäcker förändringar i omvärlden som kan leda till nya eller förändrade risker som den kan bedöma riskerna, ju tidigare desto bättre. Upptäcktstiden kan vara lång, kort men även negativ. Ett exempel på lång upptäcktstid är klimatförändringar som på sikt leder till nya risker som organisationen ställs inför. För andra händelser är upptäcktstiden kort som exempelvis när ett fraktfartyg går på grund i Suezkanalen som sedan medför nya risker för störningar i tillgången till produkter som organisationen är beroende av. Ett exempel på en negativ upptäcktstid är när en händelse redan har inträffat utan att organisationen är medveten om den, som när en organisation har blivit utsatt för en cyberattack som upptäcks först efter några månader. Förmågan att upptäcka nya eller förändrade risker bör därför bli ytterligare en parameter i arbetet med RSA, vid sidan av bedömningen av konsekvensen och sannolikheten.
Följande presentation syftar till att ge ett bidrag i utvecklingen organisationers arbete med RSA genom att rikta fokus mot hur organisationer kan arbeta för att kontinuerligt upptäcka nya eller förändrade risker i omvärlden.
ICT-Enabled Co-production for Better Emergency Response
Authors: Alkusaibati Wael , Pilemalm Sofie
Published: December 2023

ICT-enabled co-production is a research phenomenon that refers to a digitally enabled form of collaboration between formal public-service producers and external partners (usually citizens). The concept demonstrates unprecedented benefits to formal authorities in terms of finding optimized solutions to public services provision that are cost-efficient, legitimate, and effective. Yet, co-production started to earn prevalence in academia in the last two decades due to the developments in information and communication technologies (ICT), specifically WEB 2.0 applications. In the realm of emergency response, ICT-enabled co-production with volunteers is proving a critical necessity by increasing the readiness of formal responders and thus saving lives and resources. All that is in light of strained resources and increased emergencies, whether natural or man-made. For that purpose, we conducted a literature review study to understand how the phenomenon is addressed in academia. However, because the phenomenon is inadequately discovered, we adopted a grounded-theory-oriented approach to establishing data gathering and analysis. Hence, we soon concluded that this digitally enabled collaboration with citizens takes two different shapes: 1- digital volunteerism in large-scale crises (more extensive among studies and focuses on spontaneous volunteerism), and 2- ICT-enabled co-production in frequent emergency response, e.g., house fries, car accidents (less discoursed and takes more organized and coordinated fashion). Therefore, we expanded the scope over these two shapes to explore their opportunities and challenges. As a result, we came across similarities and differences in terms of enablers and barriers, such as the degree of “needed” official intervention, legal framing, technological support, etc. Most importantly, we discovered that ICT-enabled co-production (even though officially supported) still lacks a more apparent legal definition and more sophisticated technologies. On the other hand, we explored that digital volunteerism (even though bottom-up established by volunteers) becomes more recognized and takes different extents of organization with regular responders. Finally, inspired by the results, we draw out the lines for future tracks to conceptualize the phenomenon in order to 1- explore its importance and limitations in micro settings (local incidents) and 2- to understand how digitalized co-production can be utilized under more hazardous circumstances, such as wartime and civil defense.
Drönarleveranser av personal och utrustning till skadeplats
Authors: Andersson Granberg Tobias
Published: December 2023

Fossilfria förarlösa flygande farkoster (drönare) förväntas bli allt vanligare i framtiden. De kan hjälpa till att lösa problem med framkomlighet och föroreningar i stadsmiljö, och tillgänglighet i glesbygd. Inom ramen för räddning kan de leverera utrustning (tex hjärtstartare) och personal till en skadeplats. Utvecklingen är dock inte utan utmaningar. Förutom att drönarna själva måste vara säkra, stabila och effektiva, måste det finnas system och regler för hur drönare får flyga på ett säkert och effektivt sätt, där det gemensamma europeiska regelverket för U-space kommer att vara en bas. Dessutom kommer ökad drönartrafik att medföra buller, visuell nedskräpning, och risk för kränkning av människors integritet.
Ett vanligt antagande är att de negativa effekter som drönare medför vida understiger de positiva effekterna om de används inom räddning. I denna presentation kommer vi att presentera resultat kring detta antagande och diskutera hur det är möjligt att mäta, beräkna och ta hänsyn till buller, visuell nedskräpning och risk vid användningen av drönare, och hur detta kan vägas emot effektivitet vid en räddningsinsats. Resultaten är framtagna inom ramen för det EU-finansierade projektet AiRMOUR (https://airmour.eu/).
Komplexa händelseutvecklingar - Att vända strömmen
Authors: Johansson Björn , Berggren Peter
Published: December 2023

Till viss del kommer framtidens kriser, och därmed skadeplatser, karakteriseras av den långsamma förändring som pågår i och med de klimatförändringar som pågår. Hur dessa kommer att se ut, vilka samhällsaktörer som påverkas och medverkar och vilka som drabbas kommer att ske genom komplexa orsakssamband.
Ett sätt att visualisera och skapa förståelse för denna typ av händelser är att använda megaspel, storskaliga sociala spel där deltagarna agerar utifrån givna roller och på så sätt kan utforska olika perspektiv och händelseutvecklingar.
Megaspel låter brädspel, simulering och rollspel mötas i ett format där stora mängder deltagare involveras, ofta mellan 30 och 500 personer. Megaspel kan använda som lärspel, här för att skapa en bättre förståelse för hur energisystemet påverkar förutsättningarna för en hållbar framtid och hur olika aktörer påverkar varandra, direkt och indirekt. Spelet omfattar produktion, distribution, och konsumtion av energi tillsammans med politik, näringsliv och medborgare som ska försöka skapa en hållbar utveckling i förhållande till Agenda 2030-målen. Spelarna hanterar tre faser: teamfas (aktörsintern planeringstid), orderfas (förhandling med andra aktörsgrupper) och uppsamlingsfas (då rundan sammanfattas). En runda motsvarar fem år, således kan en uppsnabbad tidsutvecklig visa på konsekvenser av handlingsval som annars kan ta årtionden innan de blir reella.
Deltagarnas intressen och målsättningar omsätts i spelhandlingar, vilka testas mot en simulering av klimatpåverkan som återkopplas till deltagarna. Interaktion som uppstår mellan deltagarna analyseras och långsiktiga effekter utvärderas, som till exempel attityder och föreställningar om energisystemet i förhållande till samhälle, miljö och klimat.
En konkret upplevelse av komplexiteten i systemet tillsammans med att deltagarna får en ökad förståelse för hur de påverkar varandra bidrar till en insikt om vad som behöver göras för att energisystemet drastiskt ska kunna minska sitt koldioxidutsläpp. En iakttagelse från de första genomförda spelen är att megaspelsformatet bidrar till en ökad förståelse för de beroenden som finns mellan olika aktörer. Vidare kan megaspelet fungera som ett krisövningsformat för att inte bara hantera konsekvenser av klimatförändringar såsom naturkatastrofer, utan även bidra till att förstå och hantera orsakerna till dessa.
Projektet finansieras av Energimyndigheten och är ett samarbete mellan Linköpings universitet, Högskolan i Skövde och Jönköpings Universitet.
OPSense: En teknisk forskningsplattform med sensorer och AI för räddningstjänsten
Authors: Bång Magnus , Carlsson Christian , Broholm Agnes
Published: December 2023

OPSense är en experimentell IoT/AI-plattform med appar, geopositioneringssensorer, kroppsburna kamerorsamt visualisering för bakre ledning. Systemet gör det möjligt att samla in och analysera stora mängder strömmande data i realtid, exempelvis sensordata om förekomsten av farliga ämnen, realtidsvideo och audiofrån kroppsburna kameror.
Presentationen beskriver hur ny teknik kan stödja främre och bakre ledare för ökad säkerhet på skadeplatsen, befrämja formering av lägesbild samt förbättra situerat beslutsfattande för både träningssituationen och den reell händelsen. Projektet är ett samarbete mellan CARER och Räddningstjänsten i Storgöteborg, där utvärdering av tekniken planeras vid Nationellt Utvecklingscenter (NUC) under våren och sommaren 2023.
An Optical Attitude Measurement Method for Terminal Sensitive Projectile in Vertical Wind Tunnel Test
Authors: Yuan Xianshi , Gao Chao , Zhang Zhengke , Wang Huan , Wang Yushuai , Li Yueqiang
Published: December 2023

An optical attitude (scanning angle and spin rate) measurement method for terminal sensitive projectile in vertical wind tunnel test is proposed. The principles of measuring scanning angle and spin rate simultaneously depend only on one fixed camera are presented in detail. The measurement processes, which mainly includes preparation, image acquisition, segmentation of projectile, contour extraction, and estimation of attitude, are described accordingly, and the key techniques involved in each step are expanded exactly. Moreover, the measurement errors are analyzed thoroughly. The advantages of the novel method is analyzed as follow: first, the mathematical model for calculating scanning angle of a steady-state terminal sensitive projectile is derived for the first time in literature, which makes it possible to measure scanning angle from images recorded by only a fixed camera; second, the algorithms of estimating scanning angle and spin rate depend only on the line-segments of the perspective cylinders in images are designed, which significantly improve the attitude measurement accuracy. Experiment was also conducted in laboratory to verify the novel method.
Isolation and characterization of three novel lytic phages against K54 serotype carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Fang Chengju , Dai Xiaoyi , Xiang Li , Qiu Yichuan , Yin Ming , Fu Yu , Li Ying , Zhang Luhua
Published: December 2023

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has driven us to explore alternative treatments for the limitation of antimicrobial agents. Lytic phages are considered a promising alternative treatment for CR-hvKP infection. In this study, we reported three novel lytic phages, vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z, vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C, and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y, against a CR-hvKP strain SCNJ1, and they possess genomes of double-stranded DNA with a size of 43,428 bp, 46,039 bp, and 50,360 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z belongs to the family Autographiviridae within the class Caudoviricetes, while vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y are unclassified Caudoviricetes. The phages showed a narrow host range only lysing 1 of 50 tested clinical bacterial strains. The one-step growth curves and stability results showed that the phages displayed relatively short latency periods, with broad pH (pH 3-14) and thermal stabilities (20–60°C). The phages showed significant inhibition of the biofilm formation by SCNJ1 and strong antibacterial activity in vitro. In the mouse model, we demonstrated that administration of a single phage or phage cocktail significantly reduced bacteria loads in the lung, liver, and spleen, and effectively rescued mice from the infection of the SCNJ1 strain, with a survival rate of 70-80%. These findings suggested the three phages have great potential as an alternative therapy with favorable stability and strong antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of CR-hvKP infection.
Association of Chlamydia trachomatis burden with the vaginal microbiota, bacterial vaginosis, and metronidazole treatment
Authors: Ardizzone Caleb M. , Taylor Christopher M. , Toh Evelyn , Lillis Rebecca A. , Elnaggar Jacob H. , Lammons John W. , Mott Patricia Dehon , Duffy Emily L. , Shen Li , Quayle Alison J.
Published: December 2023

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is a common coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), and BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) and their products have been implicated in aiding Ct evade natural immunity. Here, we determined if a non-optimal vaginal microbiota was associated with a higher genital Ct burden and if metronidazole, a standard treatment for BV, would reduce Ct burden or aid in natural clearance of Ct infection. Cervicovaginal samples were collected from women at enrollment and, if testing positive for Ct infection, at a follow-up visit approximately one week later. Cervical Ct burden was assessed by inclusion forming units (IFU) and Ct genome copy number (GCN), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of the vaginal microbiota. We observed a six-log spectrum of IFU and an eight-log spectrum of GCN in our study participants at their enrollment visit, but BV, as indicated by Amsel’s criteria, Nugent scoring, or VALENCIA community state typing, did not predict infectious and total Ct burden, although IFU : GCN increased with Amsel and Nugent scores and in BV-like community state types. Ct burden was, however, associated with the abundance of bacterial species in the vaginal microbiota, negatively with Lactobacillus crispatus and positively with Prevotella bivia. Women diagnosed with BV were treated with metronidazole, and Ct burden was significantly reduced in those who resolved BV with treatment. A subset of women naturally cleared Ct infection in the interim, typified by low Ct burden at enrollment and resolution of BV. Abundance of many BVAB decreased, and Lactobacillus increased, in response to metronidazole treatment, but no changes in abundances of specific vaginal bacteria were unique to women who spontaneously cleared Ct infection.
Selection and validation of genes related to oxidative stress production and clearance in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Su Renchun , Yuan Jinfeng , Gao Tianhui , Liu Yuhong , Shu Wei , Wang Yufeng , Pang Yu , Li Qi
Published: December 2023

Background

In the fight against tuberculosis, besides chemotherapy, the regulation of oxidative stress (OS) has also aroused people’s interest in host-oriented therapy. However, there is limited research on the genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and clearance in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This study analyzes and explores this to provide a basis for exploring new targets for antituberculosis treatments.

Methods

We established a macrophage model infected with MTB, counted intracellular bacteria, and determined the ROS produced using flow cytometry. We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing, screened differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic methods, and validated the expression of them through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The ROS of macrophages increased with intracellular bacteria at 4 h after infection with MTB and reached its peak at 48 h, surpassing the uninfected macrophages (p < 0.05). A total of 1,613 differentially expressed genes were identified after infection with MTB, of which 458 were associated with ROS, with over 50% involved in the response of organelles and biological processes to stimuli. We analyzed and identified six genes. After macrophage infection with MTB, the expression of CAMK2B increased, whereas the expression of CYBB decreased (p < 0.05). The expression of GPX3 and SOD2 increased, whereas the expression of CAT decreased (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The ROS-related differentially expressed genes between MTB infected and uninfected macrophages may be related to some organelles and involved in various biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways. Among them, CAMK2B, GPX3, and SOD2 may be related to ROS.
Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma using untargeted metabolomic analyses
Authors: Qiao Hu , Tengfei Zhang , Wenting Zhang , Qin Lu , Yunqing Guo , Xiaoyi Cao , Huabin Shao , Xinguo Zhai , Qingping Luo
Published: December 2023

The unreasonable use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that poses a huge public health threat. Magnolol is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibiting antibacterial-, antifungal-, anti-inflammatory-, and antioxidant activities. However, it is unclear whether magnolol has an inhibitory effect on mycoplasma. This study found that magnolol showed excellent inhibitory activity against various mycoplasmas. Magnolol showed dose-dependent inhibition of Mycoplasma synoviae growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Magnolol caused severely sunken and wrinkled M. synoviae cell membranes at the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enlarged cell diameter. The chicken embryo infection model showed that magnolol significantly reduced M. synoviae pathogenicity in vivo. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly disturbed at the minimum inhibitory concentration of magnolol. Interestingly, 41% of differential metabolites were in the categories of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Protegenin A was up-regulated 58752-fold after magnolol treatment. It belongs to fatty acyls, and destroys cell membrane integrity and cell activity. Ghosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine related to membrane maintenance and stress response were widely down-regulated. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of magnolol as a phytochemical compound to treat mycoplasma infection.
Redo aortic root surgery post-Ross procedure
Authors: Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander , Sharifulin Ravil , Demin Igor , Karadzha Anastasiia , Zheleznev Sergey , Karaskov Alexander , Afanasyev Alexander , Pivkin Alexey , Ovcharov Mikhail , Zalesov Anton , Murashov Ivan , Tsaroev Bashir , Chernyavsky Alexander
Published: December 2023

Background

Despite numerous advantages of the Ross procedure, it presents a risk of late autograft and right ventricular outflow tract conduit failure. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of autograft dysfunction reoperations using autograft-sparing and root replacement techniques.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2023, 49 patients underwent redo root surgery in our institution. Autograft valve-sparing procedures (VSP) were performed in 20 cases and the Bentall procedure (BP) in 29 patients. The short and long-term clinical outcomes along with echocardiographic results of VSP and BP were investigated.

Results

Overall early mortality rate was 2.0% with no significant difference between the groups. Severe autograft valve insufficiency at the time of redo (OR 4.07, P = 0.03) and patient age (OR 1.07, P = 0.04) were associated with a valve replacement procedure instead of VSP. The median follow-up duration was 34 months. No late deaths occurred in either group. Freedom from VSP failure and aortic prosthesis dysfunction were 93.8% and 94.1% in the VSP and BP groups, respectively. No reoperations were necessary in either group.

Conclusion

Redo aortic root surgery can be safely performed in patients with autograft failure. Both root replacement and autograft valve-sparing procedures demonstrated acceptable results at mid-term follow-up. Early redo surgery pre-empting severe aortic insufficiency increases the likelihood of preservation of the dilated autograft valve.
Sensitivity of the second seismic moments resolution to determine the fault parameters of moderate earthquakes
Authors: Cuius Arianna , Meng Haoran , Saraò Angela , Costa Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Second-degree seismic moments provide a simple description of the spatiotemporal extent of the earthquake source. Finite source attributes such as rupture length, width, duration, velocity, and propagation direction can be estimated by computing second-degree seismic moments without the need for a predefined rupture model. This is achieved by analyzing the properties of apparent source time functions (ASTFs) obtained from seismic signals recorded at different stations after eliminating instrument responses and path effects. In this study, to define the limits of its application in the analysis of small earthquakes and to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of the results to uncertainties due to observations and prior knowledge, we modeled a synthetic seismic source and examined how potential uncertainties in hypocentral depth, velocity model, focal mechanism, source duration, and number of recording stations can affect the inversion results. An accurate ASTF is essential to obtain robust results and our findings show that the mean values of the key source parameters, i.e., fracture size, source duration, and rupture velocity, are generally well reproduced in all sensitivity tests, with some exceptions, within the standard deviation. We also demonstrate that large uncertainties in the hypocentral depth and inaccurate velocity models introduce a significant bias, especially in rupture size and average centroid velocity, indicating the strong influence of ray path calculation in the inversion process. These resolution limits must therefore be taken into account when interpreting the results obtained with this technique.
Assessing causal associations of hyperparathyroidism with blood counts and biochemical indicators: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chen Rumeng , Xu Shuling , Ding Yining , Zhang Mengling , Bao Meihua , He Binsheng , Li Sen
Published: December 2023

Background

The existing literature on the relationship of hyperparathyroidism with both blood counts and biochemical indicators primarily comprises observational studies, which have produced inconsistent findings. This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between hyperparathyroidism and blood counts and biochemical indicators.

Methods

Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between hyperparathyroidism and the identified 55 blood counts and biochemical indicators. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for hyperparathyroidism data was obtained from FinnGen, while the GWASs for the blood counts and biochemical indicators were sourced from the UK Biobank (UKBB).

Results

The MR analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method revealed potential causality between genetically predicted hyperparathyroidism and seven out of 55 blood counts and biochemical indicators. These markers include “Platelet count” (Beta = -0.041; 95% CI: -0.066, -0.016; p = 0.001), “Platelet distribution width (PDW)” (Beta = 0.031; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.056; p = 0.016), “Mean platelet volume (MPV)” (Beta = 0.043; 95% CI: 0.010, 0.076; p = 0.011), “Vitamin D” (Beta = -0.038; 95% CI: -0.063, -0.013; p = 0.003), “Calcium (Ca2+)” (Beta = 0.266; 95% CI: 0.022, 0.509; p = 0.033), “Phosphate” (Beta = -0.114; 95% CI: -0.214, -0.014; p = 0.025), and “Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)” (Beta = 0.030; 95% CI: 0.010, 0.049; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The findings of our study revealed a suggestive causal relationship between hyperparathyroidism and blood cell count as well as biochemical markers. This presents a novel perspective for further investigating the etiology and pathological mechanisms underlying hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of polyurethane sponge biocarrier effects on Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation in zero water exchange systems based on water quality, shrimp performance and bacterial community analysis
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Liguo , Xu Ailing , Song Zhiwen
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the effects of polyurethane sponge biocarriers with precultured biofilms (PSBF) on water quality, shrimp performance and bacterial communities, zero water exchange systems for Litopenaeus vannamei were constructed. The experiment consisted of four treatments: 1) NBF (control, PSB (polyurethane sponge biocarriers) 5% (v/v) + aeration); 2) PSBF2.5a (PSBF 2.5% (v/v) + aeration); 3) PSBF5a (PSBF 5% (v/v) + aeration); and 4) PSBF5 (PSBF 5% (v/v)). The results showed that the systems with PSBFs had low levels of NH4+-N, NO2−-N, and turbidity, and there was zero water exchange throughout the entire culture process. The mean final weight, survival rate and final biomass of Litopenaeus vannamei in the PSBFs treatments were significantly higher, while the feed conversion ratio was lower than in the NBF treatments. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the bacterial community abundance and diversity of biofilms in the PSBF systems were higher than those in the NBF systems. Four main genera of bacteria related to nitrification, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus and Nitrospira, were identified. The total relative abundances of Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas in the PSBF systems were significantly higher than those in the NBF system. Meanwhile, better removal effects of NH4+-N and NO2−-N could be achieved and were positively correlated with the abundances of nitrifying microbial communities in PSBs, further indicating that nitrifying microbial communities in PSBs had positive effects on water quality and shrimp productive performance. This study provides data to support the application of polyurethane sponge biocarriers with precultured biofilms in zero water exchange systems for L. vannamei culture.
Case Report: A novel mixture of dose-fractioned radiation and immunotherapy for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Ningyu , Wang Linfang , Huang Ai , Han Jun , Cao Ting , Mei Xiangping , Yao Jing , Xiao Yong , Ma Hong
Published: December 2023

Malignant tumors of the biliary tract exhibit a high degree of malignancy and heterogeneity with a poor overall prognosis. Immunotherapy has limited benefits for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Radiation therapy can change the tumor microenvironment, but its effect heavily depends on radiation dose and fraction. We report a case of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a 43-year-old male patient, with a huge liver mass of 16.5 cm in diameter, with bone and liver metastases at the first diagnosis. First-line treatment with chemotherapy and PD1 inhibitor was sustained only for 8 months. In second-line treatment, radiotherapy was administered, with 5 Gy in 5 fractions administered to the entire tumor area and 25 Gy in 5 fractions to the solid lesions of the tumor. After the completion of radiotherapy, programmed cell death 1 inhibitor combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor was maintained. The patient achieved a progression-free-survival time of 12 months and an overall survival time of 25 months. The success of our case suggests that mixed low- and high-dose radiation can significantly improve tumor control and survival time. In clinical practice, based on the characteristics of the tumor and existing treatment options, the rational combination of existing treatment regimens can improve the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.