bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending information quality assessment methodology: A new veracity/deception dimension and its measures
Authors: Rubin Victoria L. , Vashchilko Tatiana
Published: January 2013

This paper extends information quality (IQ) assessment methodology by arguing that veracity/deception should be one of the components of intrinsic IQ dimensions. Since veracity/deception differs contextually from accuracy and other well‐studied components of intrinsic IQ, the inclusion of veracity/deception in the set of IQ dimensions has its own contribution to the assessment and improvement of IQ. Recently developed software to detect deception in textual information represents the ready‐to‐use IQ assessment (IQA) instruments. The focus of the paper is on the specific IQ problem related to deceptive messages and affected information activities as well as IQA instruments (or tools) of detecting deception to improve IQ. In particular, the methodology of automated deception detection in written communication provides the basis for measuring veracity/deception dimension and demonstrates no overlap with other intrinsic IQ dimensions. Considering several known deception types (such as falsification, concealment and equivocation), we emphasize that the IQA deception tools are primarily suitable for falsification. Certain types of deception strategies cannot be spotted automatically with the existing IQA instruments based on underlying linguistic differences between truth‐tellers and liars. We propose the potential avenues for the future development of the automated instruments to detect deception taking into account the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects and needs. Blending multidisciplinary research on Deception Detection with the one on IQ in Library and Information Science (LIS) and Management Information Systems (MIS), the paper contributes to IQA and its improvement by adding one more dimension, veracity/deception, to intrinsic IQ.
Search strategy effectiveness and relevance of YouTube videos
Authors: Tao Donghua , Adsul Prajakta , Wray Ricardo , Jupka Keri , Semar Carolyn , Goggins Kathryn
Published: January 2013

Precision and recall are two widely accepted measures to Information Retrieval (IR) system performance. Different search strategies can yield different precisions and recalls for the same IR system, search engine or website. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. YouTube® is a popular social media website which hosts the largest number of user‐generated videos on the web. The YouTube® search engine only provides text words search function and search results are retrieved through the system matching these search terms to video descriptions, tags, comments, etc. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. This paper aims to test if a search strategy using multiple search terms is effective by analyzing the relevance of the retrieved YouTube® videos on Smokeless Tobacco Products (STP) and YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics.

17 search terms were used to retrieve YouTube® videos on STP which were recorded in a master file. All duplicate videos from the retrieved results were excluded. Unique videos were then selected based on pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the research team. A sample of 440 unique videos was randomly selected for data analysis. SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis, precisions and recalls, logistic regression, and odds ratio test results are reported. The study found that only a few search terms out of the total 17 terms are more effective in terms of relevance of the retrieved videos. Also, YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics did not have significant association with the relevance of the retrieved videos. Recommendations for potential solutions on designing more effective search strategies are provided.
Objective preoperative estimation of the ability of primary closure on anterolateral thigh free flap donor site: Circumference and area ratios of deep tissue to thigh
Authors: Song Kyeongho , Nam Subong , Choi Soojong , Kim Joohyoung , Lee Jaewoo , Bae Yongchan
Published: January 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to consider the relationship between the ratio of deep tissue including muscle to thigh at donor sites and the possibility of performing primary closure of donor site. Methods: The subjects were 74 patients who had harvesting of anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap from June 2005 to June 2011. Primary closure was possible for 65 but not possible for 9. All received CT angiography of lower extremity before their operations. We measured circumference and cross‐sectional area of thigh and deep tissue including muscle at the reference point. Using the measured data, we examined the ratio of circumference as well as cross‐sectional area of deep tissue including muscles to thighs. Results: For whom primary closure was possible, the ratio of deep tissue including muscle's circumference to thigh's at the reference point was 0.83 ± 0.07 on average, and the ratio of cross‐sectional area was 0.68 ± 0.11. For whom primary closure was not possible, the ratio of circumference was 0.89 ± 0.06 on average, and the cross‐section areas was 0.8 ± 0.07. The average width of flap for those with primary closure was 64.9 mm and without primary closure was 84.4 mm. There was statistical significance in ratios of circumference and cross‐sectional area between primary closure and without primary closure. Conclusion: Primary closure of donor site when performing ALT free flap gets increasingly difficult as the ratio of deep tissue including muscle in the thighs increased. Such information prior to the procedure will be helpful in determining flap design and finalizing the operation plan. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Synthesis and electro‐optical properties of polyfluorene modified with randomly distributed electron‐donor and rotaxane electron‐acceptor structural units in the main chain
Authors: Farcas Aurica , Janietz Silvia , Harabagiu Valeria , Guegan Philippe , Aubert Pierre‐Henri
Published: January 2013

Polyfluorene PF•γCD rotaxane copolymer, composed of randomly distributed 9,9‐dioctylfluorene, methyltriphenylamine (electron‐donating) and 9‐dicyanomethylenefluorene complexed with γ‐cyclodextrin (γCD) (electron‐accepting) structural units, has been synthesized by Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The chemical structures were proved by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The surface morphology, thermal, optical, electrochemical behavior, and adhesion characteristics of the obtained rotaxane copolymer have been investigated and compared with those of the nonrotaxane counterpart (PF). Relatively high fluorescence efficiency, almost identical normalized absorbance maximum in solution and solid‐state of PF•γCD rotaxane copolymer, and a more uniform and smoother surface with lower adhesion forces provides the role of γCD encapsulation on the lower aggregation propensity. PF•γCD and PF copolymers exhibit n‐ and p‐doping processes and blue‐light emission in the film state. The optical and electrochemical band gaps (ΔEg), as well as the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital positions in an energetic diagram indicate that both copolymers are promising blue‐emitting electroluminescent materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Resistance formation mechanisms for contacts to n ‐GaN and n ‐AlN with high dislocation density
Authors: Sachenko A. V. , Belyaev A. E. , Boltovets N. S. , Zhilyaev Yu. V. , Klad'ko V. P. , Konakova R. V. , Kudryk Ya. Ya. , Panteleev V. N. , Sheremet V. N.
Published: January 2013

We studied Au‐Pd‐Ti‐Pd ohmic contacts made by thermal evaporation of metals in vacuum onto n ‐GaN (n ‐AlN) with high dislocation density heated to a temperature of 350 °C. Temperature dependence of ohmic contacts resistivity may be described by the mechanism of current flow through the metal shunts associated with dislocations, with allowance made for current limitation by diffusion supply of electrons to the contact. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small forces and large firms: Foundations of the RBV
Authors: Wernerfelt Birger
Published: January 2013

The article presents a synthesis of several papers I have written, mostly in the economics literature, since the publication of ‘A resource‐based view of the firm’ (Wernerfelt, 1984). The starting point is a very small force: the reduction in bargaining costs when several bargains are pooled into one. I show how one can construct a theory of the firm based on this force and defend the theory by arguing that it makes predictions consistent with several stylized facts. In addition, the theory suggests that firms should decide on their strategy and scope based on excess capacity of productive resources—exactly like the RBV.
Learning to teach history as interpretation: A longitudinal study of beginning teachers
Authors: Martell Christopher C.
Published: January 2013

Over the past two decades many social studies educators have called for history to be taught as interpretation, which has included arguments for the teaching of history through inquiry. This case study examined four secondary social studies teachers and their development of beliefs and practices related to teaching history as interpretation. The data were collected longitudinally from their student teaching through the completion of their first year in the classroom. Corroborating arguments found in the pre-existing research, this study found that classroom control and a limited understanding of history content were major barriers preventing teachers from teaching history as interpretation. However, the results also revealed that teachers desired a better development of their own practical “toolkit” and they believed this would have helped them overcome many of the barriers to teaching history as interpretation.
Imperfect models, imperfect conclusions: An exploratory study of multiple-choice tests and historical knowledge
Authors: Reich Gabriel A.
Published: January 2013

This article explores the extent to which multiple-choice history/social studies exams measure student knowledge of social studies content. This article presents descriptive statistics that quantify the findings from a qualitative study. Data for this study were collected from 13 tenth-grade world history students in an urban classroom in New York State. Each participant answered 15 multiple-choice questions that had appeared on previous versions of the Global History and Geography Regents exam, the high-stakes exam they would have to take at the end of the school year. As a small-scale exploratory study, the findings are not what quantitative researchers would call generalizable. Nevertheless, the findings raise questions about what tests measure, their effectiveness, and what constitutes social-studies knowledge.
Two Successive Necrotic Lesions Secondary to Presumed Loxosceles Envenomation
Authors: Tarullo David B. , Jacobsen Ryan C. , Algren D. Adam
Published: January 2013

Brown recluse spider ( Loxosceles reclusa) envenomations with subsequent necrotic skin lesions occur infrequently, and systemic loxoscelism is rarer still. We report a case of 2 successive developing necrotic lesions, each on adjacent medial aspects of the legs, secondary to presumed Loxosceles envenomation. A 31-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with 2, large, necrotic lesions, 1 on each medial thigh. They had progressed over the course of 1 month from small blisters to large necrotic lesions with eschar. He underwent surgical debridement without skin grafting with no further complications. Bites from recluse spiders that progress to necrosis usually present as single lesions. The differential diagnoses for a necrotic skin lesion is large. The presence of more than 1 lesion argues against Loxosceles envenomation; however, in the absence of underlying infection, systemic diseases, immunodeficiency, or malignancy, the diagnosis must be considered if the case presents in an endemic area. Brown recluse spiders rarely bite multiple times, thus confounding the diagnosis of an already nonspecific clinical finding.
Impact of strain on metamagnetic transitions in Sm0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin films
Authors: Srivastava M. K. , Kaur A. , Maurya K. K. , Awana V. P. S. , Singh H. K.
Published: January 2013

Sm0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The film on LAO, which is under compressive strain, undergoes paramagnetic–ferromagnetic (PM–FM) transition at TC ∼116 K and shows insulator-metal transition (IMT) at TIM ∼ 115 K. The film on STO is under tensile strain and has TC ∼ 112 K; and shows IMT at TIM ∼ 110 K. Around ∼80 K, the film on STO shows a broad peak in the resistivity that could be seen as the reentrant IMT due to appearance of a metamagnetic state, the presence of which is confirmed by the discontinuous irreversible jumps in the magnetic field dependent isothermal resistivity at T < 85 K. These signatures of the metamagnetic state are not seen in the film on LAO. The occurrence and absence of metamagnetic state in films on STO and LAO, respectively, has been explained in terms of the control of the competing FM metallic and antiferromagnetic–charge ordered insulating (AFM–COI) phases by the different strain states in these films.
Detection of iodine monoxide in the tropical free troposphere
Authors: Dix Barbara , Baidar Sunil , Bresch James F. , Hall Samuel R. , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Wang Siyuan , Volkamer Rainer
Published: January 2013

Atmospheric iodine monoxide (IO) is a radical that catalytically destroys heat trapping ozone and reacts further to form aerosols. Here, we report the detection of IO in the tropical free troposphere (FT). We present vertical profiles from airborne measurements over the Pacific Ocean that show significant IO up to 9.5 km altitude and locate, on average, two-thirds of the total column above the marine boundary layer. IO was observed in both recent deep convective outflow and aged free tropospheric air, suggesting a widespread abundance in the FT over tropical oceans. Our vertical profile measurements imply that most of the IO signal detected by satellites over tropical oceans could originate in the FT, which has implications for our understanding of iodine sources. Surprisingly, the IO concentration remains elevated in a transition layer that is decoupled from the ocean surface. This elevated concentration aloft is difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of iodine lifetimes and may indicate heterogeneous recycling of iodine from aerosols back to the gas phase. Chemical model simulations reveal that the iodine-induced ozone loss occurs mostly above the marine boundary layer (34%), in the transition layer (40%) and FT (26%) and accounts for up to 20% of the overall tropospheric ozone loss rate in the upper FT. Our results suggest that the halogen-driven ozone loss in the FT is currently underestimated. More research is needed to quantify the widespread impact that iodine species of marine origin have on free tropospheric composition, chemistry, and climate.
GABP transcription factor is required for development of chronic myelogenous leukemia via its control of PRKD2
Authors: Yang Zhong-Fa , Zhang Haojian , Ma Leyuan , Peng Cong , Chen Yaoyu , Wang Junling , Green Michael R. , Li Shaoguang , Rosmarin Alan G.
Published: January 2013

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the source of all blood lineages, and HSCs must balance quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation to meet lifelong needs for blood cell development. Transformation of HSCs by the breakpoint cluster region-ABL tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL) oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The E-twenty six (ets) transcription factor GA binding protein (GABP) is a tetrameric transcription factor complex that contains GABPα and GABPβ proteins. Deletion in bone marrow of
Gabpa
, the gene that encodes the DNA-binding component, caused cell cycle arrest in HSCs and profound loss of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Loss of Gabpα prevented development of CML, although mice continued to generate BCR-ABL–expressing Gabpα-null cells for months that were serially transplantable and contributed to all lineages in secondary recipients. A bioinformatic screen identified the serine-threonine kinase protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) as a potential effector of GABP in HSCs.
Prkd2
expression was markedly reduced in Gabpα-null HSCs and progenitor cells. Reduced expression of PRKD2 or pharmacologic inhibition decreased cell cycling, and PRKD2 rescued growth of Gabpα-null BCR-ABL–expressing cells. Thus, GABP is required for HSC cell cycle entry and CML development through its control of PRKD2. This offers a potential therapeutic target in leukemia.
Deep sequencing reveals abundant noncanonical retroviral microRNAs in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Rosewick Nicolas , Momont Mélanie , Durkin Keith , Takeda Haruko , Caiment Florian , Cleuter Yvette , Vernin Céline , Mortreux Franck , Wattel Eric , Burny Arsène , Georges Michel , Van den Broeke Anne
Published: January 2013

Viral tumor models have significantly contributed to our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms. How transforming delta-retroviruses induce malignancy, however, remains poorly understood, especially as viral mRNA/protein are tightly silenced in tumors. Here, using deep sequencing of broad windows of small RNA sizes in the bovine leukemia virus ovine model of leukemia/lymphoma, we provide in vivo evidence of the production of noncanonical RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-transcribed viral microRNAs in leukemic B cells in the complete absence of Pol II 5′-LTR–driven transcriptional activity. Processed from a cluster of five independent self-sufficient transcriptional units located in a proviral region dispensable for in vivo infectivity, bovine leukemia virus microRNAs represent ∼40% of all microRNAs in both experimental and natural malignancy. They are subject to strong purifying selection and associate with Argonautes, consistent with a critical function in silencing of important cellular and/or viral targets. Bovine leukemia virus microRNAs are strongly expressed in preleukemic and malignant cells in which structural and regulatory gene expression is repressed, suggesting a key role in tumor onset and progression. Understanding how Pol III-dependent microRNAs subvert cellular and viral pathways will contribute to deciphering the intricate perturbations that underlie malignant transformation.
Coral-characterized benthic assemblages of the deep Northeast Atlantic: defining “Coral Gardens” to support future habitat mapping efforts
Authors: Bullimore Ross D. , Foster Nicola L. , Howell Kerry L.
Published: January 2013

Bullimore, R. D., Foster, N. L., and Howell, K. L. 2013. Coral-characterized benthic assemblages of the deep Northeast Atlantic: defining “Coral Gardens” to support future habitat mapping efforts – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 511–522. Providing statistically robust maps of habitat distributions on which to base spatial planning and management of the marine area is reliant upon established and agreed descriptions and definitions of habitats. “Coral Gardens” is an Oslo–Paris Convention (OSPAR) listed habitat, which currently cannot be reliably mapped as a result of poorly developed deep-sea habitat classification systems and habitat definitions. The aim of this study is to assess and inform development of the current definition of this habitat to support future mapping efforts. This study uses multivariate community analysis of video data to identify deep-sea benthic assemblages characterized by coral taxa and thus constituting a potential “coral gardens” habitat. Assemblages are assessed against a set of qualifying criteria, derived from current definitions of “coral gardens”, first at the assemblage level then sample by sample. The current definition of “coral gardens” captures a range of benthic assemblages, thus “Coral Gardens” cannot be considered a single “habitat”. While 19 assemblages are identified as being characterized by one or more coral garden taxa, only 8 meet the qualifying criteria. It is suggested that the current definition incorporates descriptions of the different “Coral Gardens” assemblages together with guidance on threshold densities for coral species specific to each assemblage type.
Effect of Fungicide Application on the Management of Avocado Branch Canker (Formerly Dothiorella Canker) in California
Authors: Twizeyimana M. , McDonald V. , Mayorquin J. S. , Wang D. H. , Na F. , Akgül D. S. , Eskalen A.
Published: January 2013

Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family have been associated with branch cankers of avocado trees (Persea americana) in California. Canker infections are initiated by spores entering the host plant through fresh wounds such as pruning wounds. With high-density planting becoming more common in the California avocado industry, more intensive pruning may increase the occurrence of branch canker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive ability of some commercial fungicides belonging to different chemical families against fungal pathogens associated with avocado branch canker. Initially, 12 fungicides were tested in vitro for their effect on the inhibition of mycelial growth of three isolates of Dothiorella iberica and isolates (five per species) of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, N. parvum, and Phomopsis sp. Subsequently, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, metconazole, and pyraclostrobin, selected because of their low effective concentrations that reduce 50% of mycelial growth (EC50 values), and myclobutanil, selected for its high EC50 value, were tested in two field experiments. Azoxystrobin and fludioxonil were used in a premix with propiconazole and cyprodinil, respectively, in field trials. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among fungicides in field trials. Azoxystrobin + propiconazole had the highest percent inhibition at 52 and 62% (internal lesion length) in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively, although this level of inhibition was not significantly different from that of metconazole. A significant correlation (r = 0.51, P < 0.05) was observed between internal lesion length data in the field experiment and EC50 data from in vitro fungicide screening. Application of azoxystrobin + propiconazole and metconazole can play a key role in protecting Californian avocado against fungi causing avocado branch canker.
Advancement and current status of wear debris analysis for machine condition monitoring: a review
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Shankar Mukherjee Parboti , Mohan Misra Nirendra
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The dependency on human expertise for analysis and interpretation is the main reason for wear debris analysis not being used in industry to its full potential and becoming one of the most powerful machine condition monitoring strategies. The dependency on human expertise makes the interpretation and result subjective in nature, costly and time consuming. The purpose of this paper is to review work being done to develop an automatic, reliable and objective wear particle classification system as a solution to the above problem. At the same time it also aims to discuss some common off line test methods being practiced for wear debris analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Computer image analysis is a solution for some of the problems associated with the conventional techniques. First it is tried to efficiently describe the characteristics of computer images of different types of wear debris using a few numerical parameters. Then using some Artificial Intelligence tools, the wear particle classification system can be developed.

Findings

Many shape, size and surface parameters are discussed in the paper. Out of these, nine numerical parameters are selected to describe and distinguish six common type of wear debris. Once the type of debris is identified, the mode of wear and hence the machine condition can be assessed.

Practical implications

The present process of fault and condition monitoring of an equipment by wear debris analysis involves human judgment of debris formations. A set‐up standard for comparison of debris will enable the maintenance team to diagnose faults in a comparatively better way.

Originality/value

The aim of this paper is to discuss the difficulties in identifying wear particles and finding out the exact health of equipment, which, due to its subjective nature, is influenced by human errors. An objective method with certain standards for classification of wear particles compatible with an artificial intelligence system will yield some flawless results of wear debris analysis, which has not been attempted in the past as per available literature.
Effect of different nitriding processes on the friction coefficient of 304 austenitic and 420 martensitic stainless steels
Authors: Aydin Hakan , Bayram Ali , Topçu Şükrü
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study on friction characteristics of plasma, salt‐bath and gas nitrided layers produced in AISI 304 type austenitic and AISI 420 type martensitic stainless steels.

Design/methodology/approach

Plasma nitriding processes were carried out with DC‐pulsed plasma in 80% N2+20% H2 atmosphere at 450°C and 520°C for 8 h at a pressure of 2 mbar. Salt‐bath nitriding was performed in a cyanide‐cyanate salt‐bath at 570°C for 1.5 h. Gas nitriding was also conducted in NH3 and CO2 atmosphere at 570°C for 13 h. Characterization of all nitrided samples has been carried out by means of microstructure, microhardness, surface roughness measurement and friction coefficient. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the nitrided samples were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. Friction characteristics of the nitrided samples have been investigated using a ball‐on‐disc friction and wear tester with a WC‐Co ball as the counterface under dry sliding conditions.

Findings

The plasma nitrided and salt‐bath nitrided layers on the 420 steel surfaces were much thicker than on the 304 steel surfaces. However, there was no obvious and homogeneous nitrided layer on the gas nitrided samples' surface. The plasma and salt‐bath nitriding techniques significantly increased the surface hardness of the 304 and 420 samples. The highest surface hardness of the 304 nitrided samples was obtained by the plasma nitrided technique at 520°C. On the other hand, the highest surface hardness of the 420 nitrided layers was observed in the 450°C plasma nitrided layer. Experimental friction test results showed that the salt‐bath and 450°C plasma nitrided layers were more effective in reducing the friction coefficient of the 304 and 420 stainless steels, respectively.

Originality/value

The relatively poor hardness and hence wear resistance of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels needs to be improved. Friction characteristic is a key property of performance for various applications of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels. This work has reported a comparison of friction characteristics of austenitic 304 and martensitic 420 stainless steels, modified using plasma, salt‐bath and gas nitriding processes. The paper is of significances for improving friction characteristics, indirectly wear performances, of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels.
Multidisciplinary consensus for the development of ADHD services: the way forward
Authors: Ayyash H. , Sankar S. , Merriman H. , Vogt C. , Earl T. , Shah K. , Banerjee S.
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children. There is a need to engage service development, commissioning and service managers to address primary care involvement and define service models that will enable effective management of people with ADHD. The purpose of this project is to define recommendations through consensus that can be implemented to improve ADHD management in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

A set of 40 consensus statements has been developed by a multidisciplinary group of ADHD professionals in the UK. These statements cover ten topics, ranging from commissioning of ADHD services to optimisation of the care pathway. The aim of the project was to define a set of standards that could be tested across a wider clinical population.

Findings

A total of 122 respondents scored each statement on a questionnaire and levels of agreement were summated and analysed. Of 40 statements, only four scored less than 90 per cent agreement, with all statements achieving greater than 74.9 per cent agreement.

Originality/value

Recommendations support the wider integration of ADHD services and the closer involvement of commissioners within the new GP consortia to ensure that the potentially negative societal and personal impacts of ADHD are managed effectively and with appropriate use of resources.
Paradigm shift: do‐it‐yourself (DIY) invention and production of physical goods for use or sale
Authors: Fox Stephen
Published: January 2013

Purpose

There has been little explicit consideration of do‐it‐yourself (DIY) in previous manufacturing literature. This may be because traditional DIY is an outlet for physical goods that are made‐to‐forecast, such as boats kits for self‐assembly and personal use. However, since the beginning of the twenty‐first century, DIY has extended to the invention and the sale of physical goods, as well as their assembly and use. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the manufacturing literature by providing an analysis of DIY invention and production of physical goods for use or sale (new‐DIY paradigm).

Design/methodology/approach

Literature review related to DIY invention and production of physical goods for use or sale; and its differences with the existing paradigm for creating physical goods: including enabling technologies and enabling thinking.

Findings

DIY invention and production is able to create physical goods, which are both original and economical, through open, distributed, minimal processes. Within the existing paradigm, by contrast, physical goods are created, which are either original or economical, through processes that are less open, less distributed, and less minimal than the processes of new‐DIY.

Practical implications

DIY invention, production, and sale of physical goods deploys technologies that are used within the existing paradigm for creating physical goods. The difference in outcomes is due to the different conceptualization of invention, production, and sales within the established paradigm.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is that it provides an analysis of key aspects of DIY invention, production, and sales. The value of the paper is that it provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners seeking to determine how practices, technologies, and challenges of the existing paradigm can be related to DIY opportunities.
Local action groups: accountability, social responsibility and law
Authors: David Fátima , Abreu Rute , Pinheiro Odete
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the issues of accountability, social responsibility and law related with local action groups (LAGs) to achieve local economic and sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature review justifies the conceptual frame of the issues under discussion. Thus, on the one hand, the LEADER+ programme system statistics were used and, on the other hand, the Portuguese Government and European Union laws, regulations and official documents were used.

Findings

LAGs represent civil society in its various aspects and interests, assuming many times as privileged partners of the State, strengthening the rights of individual citizens against the political and economic power. Also, the LAGs as partners have specific local conditions, such as historical, social and cultural identities, governance and geography, that should be equally considered.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the paper show accountability limitations, but the LAG is developed as a source of indispensable and fundamental information for the decision‐making process of local sustainability.

Practical implications

LAGs sometimes, forgetting their real purpose, follow socially responsible practices, often, to apply the strict compliance with the law, regulations and norms, even if social responsibility strategies are arguably recognized as crucial to promote economic success, social and life quality, and environmental sustainability.

Social implications

The challenges of local development in which the citizen, firms, entities and policy makers are merged need sophisticated and comprehensive strategies and socially responsible best practices to promote the welfare of the society.

Originality/value

This paper identifies case studies that highlight different strategic approaches to recognize the importance of the LAGs in the implementation of sustainable policies and social responsibility strategies. Also, different levels of accountability, social responsibility and law are applied and promoted by LAG.
The significance of CRM to the strategies of hotel companies
Authors: Luck Diana , Lancaster Geoff
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify how customer relationship marketing/customer relationship management (CRM) can be a strategic solution to hotel companies or part of their tactics.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data from academic and news sources are discussed and analysed, together with empirical data collected previously by the first author during the course of her own doctoral research.

Findings

The essence of a customer‐focused environment is a preliminary indication of how the hotel industry can truly benefit from a strategic and focused approach to CRM. Hotel companies have in evidence had recourse to elements of CRM for a variety of strategic and tactical reasons. It is argued that the success of a strategy depends not only on the ability of a company to identify and understand what its target customers genuinely need and want, but also on the company's ability to deliver enhanced value in terms of these specific needs and wants.

Research limitations/implications

Both the strategic options of a company and the achievement of competitive advantage are directly linked to the elements or features that targeted customers genuinely favour. It is suggested that hotel companies must not only identify what their target customers genuinely seek, but that they should also ensure that they themselves understand the dynamics of CRM as a strategy. Unless the fundamentals of CRM are truly understood, it is argued that hotel companies will not be able to optimally integrate CRM in their strategies and benefit from opportunities.

Originality/value

The research has concluded that hotel companies should decide to focus on customer acquisition, customer retention or customer account development: the three strategies associated with CRM.
No need for disease: testing extinction hypotheses for the thylacine using multi‐species metamodels
Authors: Prowse Thomas A. A. , Johnson Christopher N. , Lacy Robert C. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Pollak John P. , Watts Michael J. , Brook Barry W.
Published: January 2013

Population viability analysis (PVA) is widely used to assess the extinction risk of threatened species and to evaluate different management strategies. However, conventional PVA neglects important biotic interactions and therefore can fail to identify important threatening processes.

We designed a new PVA approach that includes species interactions explicitly by networking species models within a single ‘metamodel’. We demonstrate the utility of PVA metamodels by employing them to reinterpret the extinction of the carnivorous, marsupial thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus in Tasmania. In particular, we test the claim that well‐documented impacts of European settlement cannot account for this extinction and that an unknown disease must have been an additional and necessary cause.

We first constructed a classical, single‐species PVA model for thylacines, which was then extended by incorporation within a dynamic predator–herbivore–vegetation metamodel that accounted for the influence of Europeans on the thylacine's prey base. Given obvious parameter uncertainties, we explored both modelling approaches with rigorous sensitivity analyses.

Single‐species PVA models were unable to recreate the thylacine's extinction unless a high human harvest, small starting population size or low maximum population growth rate was assumed, even if disease effects were included from 1906 to 1909. In contrast, we readily recreated the thylacine's demise using disease‐free multi‐species metamodels that simulated declines in native prey populations (particularly due to competition with introduced sheep).

Dynamic, multi‐species metamodels provide a simple, flexible framework for studying current species declines and historical extinctions caused by complex, interacting factors.
Continuation of pregnancy after first‐trimester exposure to mifepristone: an observational prospective study
Authors: Bernard N , Elefant E , Carlier P , Tebacher M , Barjhoux CE , Bos‐Thompson MA , Amar E , Descotes J , Vial T
Published: January 2013

Objective

To report the follow‐up of continuing pregnancies after first‐trimester exposure to mifepristone.

Design

Observational prospective study.

Setting

France.

Sample

Patients exposed to mifepristone during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Methods

Women were included in the study when they or their doctors asked a French pharmacovigilance centre or the Paris Teratogen Information Service about the risk of mifepristone exposure in early pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were requests received after 22 weeks of gestation or subsequent elective termination of pregnancy without a pathological examination of the fetus. Data on maternal history and drug exposure were collected on first contact, and pregnancy outcomes were documented at follow‐up.

Main outcome measures

Rate of major congenital malformations.

Results

A total of 105 pregnancies were included, with 46 exposed to mifepristone alone, and 59 exposed to both mifepristone and misoprostol. There were 94 live births (90.4%) and 10 (9.6%) miscarriages (including one with major malformation). Elective termination of pregnancy was performed after the subsequent diagnosis of trisomy 21 in one case. The overall rate of major congenital malformations was 4.2% (95% CI 1.2–10.4%), with two cases among 38 patients exposed to mifepristone alone, and two cases among 57 patients exposed to both mifepristone and misoprostol.

Conclusions

This first prospective study found that the rate of major malformations after first‐trimester exposure to mifepristone is only slightly higher than the expected 2–3% rate in the general population. Such findings provide reassuring data for risk evaluation for continuation of pregnancy after mifepristone exposure.
Simulating the Impact of Long‐Term Care Policy on Family Eldercare Hours
Authors: Ansah John P. , Matchar David B. , Love Sean R. , Malhotra Rahul , Do Young Kyung , Chan Angelique , Eberlein Robert
Published: January 2013

Objective

To understand the effect of current and future long‐term care (LTC) policies on family eldercare hours for older adults (60 years of age and older) in Singapore.

Data Sources

The Social Isolation Health and Lifestyles Survey, the Survey on Informal Caregiving, and the Singapore Government's Ministry of Health and Department of Statistics.

Study Design

An LTC Model was created using system dynamics methodology and parameterized using available reports and data as well as informal consultation with LTC experts.

Principal Findings

In the absence of policy change, among the elderly living at home with limitations in their activities of daily living (ADLs), the proportion of those with greater ADL limitations will increase. In addition, by 2030, average family eldercare hours per week are projected to increase by 41 percent from 29 to 41 hours. All policy levers considered would moderate or significantly reduce family eldercare hours.

Conclusion

System dynamics modeling was useful in providing policy makers with an overview of the levers available to them and in demonstrating the interdependence of policies and system components.
Are Russian Wheat Exporters Able to Price Discriminate? Empirical Evidence from the Last Decade
Authors: Pall Zsombor , Perekhozhuk Oleksandr , Teuber Ramona , Glauben Thomas
Published: January 2013

Significant changes have taken place in the world wheat market in the last decade. Russia, a former net wheat importer, has become a leading exporter with a world market share of 11.2% in 2009. This increasing importance and the discussion about the establishment of a grain‐OPEC consisting of Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Russia has raised the issue of pricing behaviour of Russian wheat exporters. Although there are several studies on the pricing behaviour of Canadian and US wheat exporters, there is none so far for Russian wheat exporters. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the pricing behaviour of Russian wheat exporters, explicitly taking account of the export tax imposed between 2007 and 2008. We employ a pricing‐to‐market (PTM) model on quarterly Russian wheat‐export data, covering the period from 2002 to 2010 and 25 export destinations. Our findings indicate that (i) Russian wheat exporters exercised PTM in only a few importing countries over the whole time period, and (ii) PTM behaviour was more pronounced in the aftermath of the export tax period (i.e. 2008–2010) than before.
Association of PPP1R3B polymorphisms with blood lipid and C‐reactive protein levels in a Chinese population (中国汉族人群中PPP1R3B 基因多态性与血脂及C 反应蛋白水平的相关性)
Authors: Zhang Yongxian , Gan Wei , Tian Chuan , Li Huaixing , Lin Xu , Chen Yan
Published: January 2013

Background

Genetic variants of PPP1R3B, a gene encoding a critical protein involved in hepatic glycogen metabolism, were recently reported to be associated with plasma levels of lipids and C‐reactive protein (CRP) among populations of mostly European descent. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PPP1R3B variants are associated with plasma levels of lipids and inflammation factors in Chinese Han.

Methods

Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPP1R3B gene were genotyped and their associations with plasma lipids and CRP were determined in 1636 Chinese Han from Shanghai.

Results

Three SNPs, namely rs2126259, rs9987289, and rs19334, were significantly associated with plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and rs2126259 and rs9987289 were further significantly associated with total cholesterol. The remaining two SNPs (rs189798 and rs330919) were significantly associated with plasma CRP levels, but not with plasma lipid levels.

Conclusion

Genetic polymorphisms of the PPP1R3B gene may contribute to variations in plasma lipids and CRP levels among Chinese Han individuals.
Association of Chromosome 9p21 Genetic Variants with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the East Asian Population: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dong Liping , Wang Haoran , Wang Dao Wen , Ding Hu
Published: January 2013

Our aim was to evaluate the effect of SNPs in the 9p21 locus on genetic susceptibility of coronary heart disease in the East Asian population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI for publications relating to the association between SNPs within the 9p21 locus and coronary heart disease in the East Asian population. This meta‐analysis was assessed by STATA 9.2. Twenty‐one studies from 15 eligible papers composing 25,945 cases and 31,777 control subjects were included in the meta‐analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk allele was 1.30 (1.25–1.35) with moderate heterogeneity. No publication bias was observed in this study. Sensitivity analysis further strengthened the validity of this association. In conclusion, SNPs within the 9p21 locus were strongly associated with the risk of coronary heart disease in the East Asian population with a similar risk OR to the Caucasian population.
Making Histories ‘Ngapartji‐ngapartji Way’: Exploring Collaboration, Exchange and Intercultural Histories in a Colonised Settler Nation
Authors: Palmer Shannyn
Published: January 2013

History assumes a particular significance in contemporary colonised settler Australia. The epistemological and political challenges that persist for those historians wanting to explore an intercultural historical understanding of Australia continue to prompt questions about the nature of the discipline of History itself. This paper explores how my own intercultural, historical research seeks to actively and creatively engage with some of these epistemological and political challenges. An encounter with an unusual ethnography, set in a Central Australian cattle station and based upon the observations of the Aboriginal people who lived there, has led to an engagement of my research with archives of two very different kinds. By critically and actively engaging with the documents in the Rose archive and with Ara Irititja, an Aboriginal owned, interactive digital archival project, I hope to work with Anangu to create a collaborative and participatory research space. In exploring the use of digital media, this research project seeks to engage with the visual, oral, spatial and experiential nature of Aboriginal histories and ways of knowing and in doing so explore new and non‐textual methods for historical thinking, writing and representation. Reciprocity and exchange, or doing research ngapartji‐ngapartji1 way as a Pitjantjatjara speaking person might say, are foundational to my methodological approach. Anangu are not my informants. I do not want to merely observe. In seeking an intercultural and participatory engagement, this research project seeks to create a collaborative space that can tell the history of a Central Australian landscape and its people that engages Aboriginal people in history making and knowledge exchange.
Effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on bond strength of a glass‐fibre post to root dentine
Authors: Wang L. , Pinto T. A. , Silva L. M. , Araújo D. F. G. , Martins L. M. , Hannas A. R. , Pedreira A. P. R. V. , Francisconi P. A. S. , Honório H. M.
Published: January 2013

Aim

To assess the immediate influence of dentine bonding systems (DBS) associated with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on glass‐fibre post‐bond strength to root dentine, in terms of coronal, middle and apical thirds.

Methodology

Sixty bovine roots were root filled and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 10): SBMP (3‐step etch‐and‐rinse system, Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose), SB (2‐step etch‐and‐rinse system, Single Bond 2), SE (2‐step self‐etching system, Clearfil SE Bond) and SBMP‐CHX, SB‐CHX and SE‐CHX, respectively, associated with CHX. For all groups, a glass‐fibre post was luted with a dual‐cure resin cement, RelyX ARC. After 7‐day storage, specimens were subjected to the push‐out test. Failure modes were analysed under optical microscopy (40x). Bond strength values were statistically analysed by two‐way anova and Bonferroni tests (P < 0.05).

Results

The effect of DBS was significant (P < 0.05), and SE reached higher bond strength in comparison with the other DBS tested. CHX association did not show improvement with any DBS (P > 0.05); rather, it negatively affected SE, which was detected for all thirds. There was no difference between thirds (P > 0.05), except for the SE‐CHX, which presented lower values for the apical third (P < 0.05). Adhesive cement/dentine adhesive failure was predominant for all groups. CHX did not influence the failure mode for any DBS (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The performance of the dentine bonding systems was material dependent. CHX did not improve immediate bond strength; however, CHX negatively affected the bond strength of the self‐etching system, especially in the third apical.