bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una critica del profesor Velarde
Authors: Tusell Javier
Published: June 2010

He visto con interés la extensa nota crítica que el profesor Velarde dedica a mi libro Radiografía de un golpe de Estado. El ascenso al poder del general Primo de Rivera. La verdad es que el interés ha ido menguando a medida que pasaba sus páginas y debo decir que en la última he llegado a preguntarme si valía la pena responder a quien con tantas páginas me argüía con tan poca sustancia. Pero he pensado que es una excelente costumbre en la comunidad científica de otras latitudes la polémica y que no puede perderse la menor oportunidad de practicarla en España. Trataré, por tanto, de responderle con brevedad y de manera concreta.
Observaciones al profesor Tusell
Authors: Fuertes Juan Velarde
Published: June 2010

Una nota sobre un libro no se suele atiborrar de citas bibliográficas cuando éstas parecen conocidas de la comunidad científica a la que se dirigen; pero leído el texto Una crítica del profesor Velarde, del profesor Tusell, por si fuera necesario ampliar mi comentario, con mucho gusto las señalo. Sobre la cuestión Alba, desde la tesis doctoral del profesor Juan Muñoz a los trabajos sobre el Banco de Crédito Industrial, todo parece harto conocido; para eliminar el último escrúpulo de lo que subyacía, véase este párrafo de Francese Cambó —Memòries (1876–1936), tomo 1, 3. ed., Editorial Alpha, Barcelona, 1981, p. 375—, al referirse al general Primo de Rivera: «Què té d'estrany, doncs, que en llançar el seu Manifest contra un govern odiat y menyspreat, comptés, no sols amb la guarnició, sinó amb la simpatia de la quasi totalitat de Barcelona, que, en el Govern i sobretot en la persona de Santiago Alba, hi veia l'enemic constant de Catalunya i de totes les seves aspiracions, fossin econòmiques, fossin politiques?»
Aragon Invertebrado. Atraso Economico y Dualismo Interno (1830–1930)
Authors: Zubero Luis German
Published: June 2010

Las transformaciones económicas y sociales a que ha dado lugar la consolidación del sistema capitalista en España han supuesto un crecimiento menor de las regiones agrarias del interior peninsular. Entre ellas se encuentra la economía aragonesa. Un amplio territorio hasta hace pocos años predominantemente agrario, con escasa densidad de población y poco urbanizado, situado en la cuenca central del valle del Ebro. Región histórica de variada geomorfología y diversidad climática y edáfica (la fértil ribera del Ebro zaragozana y la zona central del valle contrastan con las montañosas provincias de Huesca y Teruel), con más del 30 por 100 de su superficie por encima de los 1.000 metros de altitud frente al 20 por 100 de media española y escasas comunicaciones, que lo caracterizan como territorio poco vertebrado.
Literary Approaches to Medieval and Early Modern Arabic Biography
Authors: BRAY JULIA
Published: June 2010

Arabic biographical writing is much used as a historical source, and scholars agree that its textuality must be taken into account in evaluating its content. There is less agreement, though, on the importance of thoroughly understanding the range of processes of literary composition used by biographers. This article approaches three sets of biographies from a purely literary viewpoint: two medieval sketches of women, a Sufi and a songstress respectively; three seventeenth-century hagiographies of the physician and theosopher Dāwud al-Anṭākī; and a thirteenth-century portrait of one man of letters, al-Qifṭī, by another, Yāqūt. It concludes that the art and care devoted to shaping such commemorations of individuals is evidence of the aesthetic and cultural importance of biography as an Arabic literary genre.
The First Flight Above Egypt: The Great Week of Aviation at Heliopolis, 1910
Authors: LEISER GARY
Published: June 2010

This article describes in detail the beginning of aviation in Egypt, with special reference to the Great Week of Aviation at Heliopolis in 1910, and the effect of this new technology on Egyptians. With the exception of a few flights in North Africa made by French pilots in late 1909, it also describes the first flights in the Arab world. Based primarily on contemporary Egyptian Arabic newspapers, it recounts how a group of colonial entrepreneurs sponsored a great aviation meeting at Heliopolis in order to promote their development of the ‘Oasis of Heliopolis’, or ‘Ayn Shams/Misr al-Jadida, as a new suburb of Cairo. The article focuses on the concept for the meeting, the first flights in Egypt before the meeting, the promotion of the meeting, and the international competitors and their performances. It then summarises the consequences of the meeting for aviation in general, aviation in Egypt – including the reaction of Egyptians to aviation – and the development of Heliopolis.
A Zazaki Alevi Treatise from Diyarbekir
Authors: DEHQAN MUSTAFA
Published: June 2010

The overwhelming importance of Kurdish, both language and literature, in Turkish Kurdistan has tended to push all other languages into the background, though some of them are spoken by large and important populations. Zazaki and its literature is one of these that has received far less attention than it deserves, many educated people outside of Turkish Kurdistan being hardly aware of its existence. In this article I have presented the content of fragments from a new Zazaki source. These fragments were fortunately preserved in the binding cover of an old book, which seems to give us at least one of the neglected sources from which the Zazaki writers drew, and carries us back into the memories and the doctrines of the Zazaki community. It has great value as a document of the history of Alevism in Eastern Anatolia.
Buddhism and Insurrection in Burma, 1886–1890
Authors: WINFIELD JORDAN CARLYLE
Published: June 2010

This article examines the significance of Buddhism in the insurgency that followed the annexation of the kingdom of Burma in 1886, demonstrating that Buddhism was a critically important part of the Burmese polity and identity. Moreover, it indicates that opposition to the British after the full colonisation of Burma was not only instantaneous, but also fuelled primarily by Buddhist sentiment. This challenges the prevailing notion that anti-colonialism in Burma – Buddhist-inspired or otherwise – was a twentieth century phenomenon. Beginning with the pre-colonial era, the article explores the intimate connection between Buddhism, the Burmese polity and the national psyche. The critical importance of the Buddhist king is emphasised in particular. When the kingdom of Burma was annexed in 1886, opposition to the British manifested itself instantaneously in the form of rebellions and insurgency. This period, sometimes referred to as the “pacification”, has been often ignored in studies. The article, using British colonial documents, shows clearly the importance of Buddhist sentiment in these uprisings as a response to the abolition of Burma's last Buddhist king. Buddhist themes present in translated rebel proclamations, as well as the widespread participation of Buddhist monks corroborate this.
Effects of Fair Trade and organic certifications on small-scale coffee farmer households in Central America and Mexico
Authors: Méndez V. Ernesto , Bacon Christopher M. , Olson Meryl , Petchers Seth , Herrador Doribel , Carranza Cecilia , Trujillo Laura , Guadarrama-Zugasti Carlos , Cordón Antonio , Mendoza Angel
Published: June 2010

We provide a review of sustainable coffee certifications and results from a quantitative analysis of the effects of Fair Trade, organic and combined Fair Trade/organic certifications on the livelihood strategies of 469 households and 18 cooperatives of Central America and Mexico. Certified households were also compared with a non-certified group in each country. To analyze the differences in coffee price, volume, gross revenue and education between certifications, we used the Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) non-parametric test and the Mann–WhitneyUnon-parametric test as apost-hocprocedure. Household savings, credit, food security and incidence of migration were analyzed through Pearson's chi-square test. Our study corroborated the conditions of economic poverty among small-scale coffee farmer households in Central America and Mexico. All certifications provided a higher price per pound and higher gross coffee revenue than non-certified coffee. However, the average volumes of coffee sold by individual households were low, and many certified farmers did not sell their entire production at certified prices. Certifications did not have a discernable effect on other livelihood-related variables, such as education, and incidence of migration at the household level, although they had a positive influence on savings and credit. Sales to certified markets offer farmers and cooperatives better prices, but the contribution derived from these premiums has limited effects on household livelihoods. This demonstrates that certifications will not single-handedly bring significant poverty alleviation to most coffee-farming families. Although certified coffee markets alone will not resolve the livelihood challenges faced by smallholder households, they could still contribute to broad-based sustainable livelihoods, rural development and conservation processes in coffee regions. This can be done by developing more active partnerships between farmers, cooperatives, certifications and environmental and rural development organizations and researchers in coffee regions. Certifications, especially Fair Trade/organic, have proven effective in supporting capacity building and in serving as networks that leverage global development funding for small-scale coffee-producing households.
Co-Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
Authors: Kotilainen J. K. , Decarli R. , Falomo R. , Treves A. , Labita M. , Scarpa R.
Published: June 2010

We study the evolution of the MBH/Mhost relation up to z = 3 for a sample of 96 quasars with known host galaxy luminosities. Black hole masses are estimated assuming virial equilibrium in the broad-line regions, while the host galaxy masses are inferred from their luminosities. With this data, we are able to pin down the evolution of the MBH/Mhost relation over 85% of the age of the universe. While the MBH/Lhost relation remains nearly unchanged, taking into account the aging of the stellar population, we find that the MBH/Mhost ratio (Γ) increases by a factor ~ 7 from z = 0 to z = 3. We show that the evolution of Γ is independent of radio loudness and quasar luminosity. We propose that the most massive black holes, in their quasar phase at high-redshift, become extremely rare objects in host galaxies of similar mass in the local universe.
A Complete Census of AGN and Their Hosts from Optical Surveys?
Authors: Wild Vivienne , Heckman Timothy , Sonnentrucker Paule , Groves Brent , Armus Lee , Schiminovich David , Johnson Benjamin , Martins Lucimara , LaMassa Stephanie
Published: June 2010

Large optical surveys provide an unprecedsCeented census of galaxies in the local Universe, forming an invaluable framework into which more detailed studies of objects can be placed. But how useful are optical surveys for understanding the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies, given their limited wavelength coverage, selection criteria, and depth? Here we present work-in-progress comparing optical and mid-IR diagnostics of three “unusual” low-z populations (luminous Seyferts, dusty Balmer-strong AGN, ULIRGs) with a set of ordinary star-forming galaxies from the SDSS. We address the questions “how well do the mid-IR and optical diagnostics of star formation and AGN strength agree?” and “to what extent do optical surveys allow us to include extreme, dusty, morphologically disturbed galaxies in our ‘complete’ census of BH-galaxy co-evolution?
Evolution of AGN Space Densities and the Fanaroff–Riley Dichotomy
Authors: Gendre Melanie A. , Wall Jasper V. , Best Philip
Published: June 2010

We focus on a comparison of the space densities of FR I and FR II extended radio sources at different epochs, and find that FR I and FR II sources show similar space density enhancements in various redshift ranges, possibly implying a common evolution.
Study of Polarization in OJ 287
Authors: Joshi U. C. , Fan Junhui H. , Ganesh Shashikiran , Baliyan K. S.
Published: June 2010

Polarimetry of the BL Lac object OJ 287 has been carried out over the last decade in optical bands with the 1.2-m telescope of Mt. Abu Observatory, operated by Physical Research Laboratory, India. OJ 287 underwent several polarization outbursts during this period.
Radio Structures of Compact Quasars with Broad Absorption Lines
Authors: Kunert-Bajraszewska Magdalena , Gawroński Marcin P.
Published: June 2010

Broad absorption lines (BALs), seen in a small fraction of both the radio-quiet and radio-loud quasar populations, are probably caused by the outflow of gas with high velocities and are part of the accretion process. The presence of BALs is due to a geometrical effect and/or it is connected with the quasar evolution. Using the final release of FIRST survey combined with a catalog of BAL QSOs from SDSS/DR3, we have constructed a new sample of compact radio-loud BAL QSOs, which constitutes the majority of radio-loud BAL QSOs. The main goal of this project is to study the origin of BALs by analysis of the BAL QSOs radio morphology, orientation, and jet evolution using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.6 GHz and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 5 and 8.4 GHz.
Buried AGNs and Starbursts in Luminous and Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Leão João Rodrigo S. , Hepp Patrícia , Leitherer Claus
Published: June 2010

We present the first results of a Spitzer Space Telescope survey of 28 LIRGs and ULIRGs. We used infrared emission lines to separeate AGN and starburst powered systems. We find strong evidence that the incidence of nuclear activity increases with infrared luminosity.
The Power of Deconvolution for Study of QSO Host Galaxies
Authors: Letawe Géraldine , Letawe Yannick , Magain Pierre
Published: June 2010

The major challenge in studying QSO host galaxies is to remove the QSO contribution, which often outshines the whole system. Our group has acquired the technical ability to handle such data, for images and slit spectroscopy, as well as integral field spectroscopy. We review here the major techniques developed by our team, and their latest applications. We are open for collaboration with other teams to spread the use of these powerful techniques.
PRONGS: Powerful Radio Objects Nested in Galaxies with Star Formation
Authors: Mao Minnie Y. , Norris Ray P. , Sharp Rob , Lovell Jim E. J.
Published: June 2010

We have identified a new class of object that we term PRONGS (powerful radio objects nested in galaxies with star formation). These are powerful radio sources whose optical properties are that of spiral/star-forming galaxies, unlike classic powerful radio sources which are typically hosted by elliptical galaxies in the local Universe. Here we present a first look at these enigmatic sources.
Extended Near-IR Spectra of NGC 1068
Authors: Martins Lucimara , Ardila Alberto , Gruenwald Ruth , de Souza Ronaldo
Published: June 2010

NGC 1068 is a well-studied Seyfert type 2 AGN. Because of its proximity, it is one of the brightest Seyferts observed. Its nuclear region harbors a variety of astrophysical phenomena connected to physical conditions in the NLR and its emission lines. The relative importance of photoionization from the nucleus and shocks produced by jets has been long debated. To help resolve this controversy, we have carried out long-slit spectroscopy in the near-IR and present here for the first time spectroscopy of the whole range from 0.8 to 2.4 μm for this galaxy over 15″ in the nuclear region.
The Structure of the BLR in 3C 390.3
Authors: Nazarova L. S. , Bochkarev N. G. , Gaskell C. M.
Published: June 2010

Velocity-dependent flux ratios of the broad Lyα, Civ, Hβ, and Hα lines are used to investigate conditions in the archetypical displaced BLR peak emitter 3C 390.3. Our results suggest that gas producing the the UV emission lines has a lower density than the higher-velocity gas producing broad disk-like profile and is less flattened.
Massive Dense Nuclei in Young Starbursts: Progenitors of Early-Type Galaxy Cusps?
Authors: Overzier Roderik
Published: June 2010

I present results from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Key Project on “Lyman break galaxy analogs” (LBA). The LBA project was designed in order to search for nearby (z<0.3) UV-luminous starburst galaxies that could serve as a training set that can be compared with starbursts at higher redshift, in particular the population of UV-selected Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z ≳ 3 (Heckman et al. 2005; Hoopes et al. 2007). This search proved highly successful and we have since shown that there exists a rare population of nearby galaxies that is most similar to LBGs in terms of stellar mass, metallicity, extinction, star formation rate, size, morphology and gas kinematics (Overzier et al. 2008, 2009ab; Basu–Zych et al. 2007, 2009).
The OPTX Project: Comparing the Optical and X-Ray Spectral Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Trouille Laura , Barger Amy
Published: June 2010

Using a uniformly selected and highly spectroscopically complete sample of Chandra X-ray sources, we show that one cannot use X-ray spectral classifications and optical spectral classifications equivalently. Until a better understanding is reached for how the X-ray and optical classifications relate to the obscuration of the central engine, the use of a mixed classification scheme can only complicate the interpretation of X-ray AGN samples.
The Evolution of the Mass–Metallicity Relation in Seyferts
Authors: Vale Asari N. , Stasińska G. , Cid Fernandes R. , Gomes J. M. , Schlickmann M. , Mateus A. , Schoenell W.
Published: June 2010

Various studies have shown that there is an empirical relation between the nebular metallicity of a galaxy and its stellar mass. Until now, most studies of the mass-metallicity relation (M–Z) have focused on the abundances of the interstellar medium as measured by emission-line features. This technique thus excludes galaxies with AGN from the working samples, due to the difficulty to measure the nebular abundances when emission-lines are powered both by stars and AGN. With our synthesis code starlight, we are able to recover the stellar metallicities of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Therefore, although we still cannot measure the nebular metallicity in AGN hosts, we know their present-day stellar metallicities. Moreover, because we measure the metallicity of stellar populations of different ages in a galaxy, we are also able also recover the history of its chemical enrichment.
On the Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Velocity Dispersion in Type 1 and Type 2 AGN
Authors: Dasyra Kalliopi M. , Peterson Bradley M. , Tacconi Linda J. , Netzer Hagai , Ho Luis C. , Helou George , Armus Lee , Lutz Dieter , Davies Richard , Watson Linda
Published: June 2010

We present results from infrared spectroscopic projects that aim to test the relation between the mass of a black hole MBH and the velocity dispersion of the stars in its host-galaxy bulge. We demonstrate that near-infrared, high-resolution spectroscopy assisted by adaptive optics is key in populating the high-luminosity end of the relation. We show that the velocity dispersions of mid-infrared, high-ionization lines originating from gas in the narrow-line region of the active galactic nucleus follow the same relation. This result provides a way of inferring MBH estimates for the cosmologically significant population of obscured, type 2 AGN that can be applicable to data from spectrographs on next-generation infrared telescopes.
Searching for the Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 1265 (3C 83.1B)
Authors: Beifiori Alessandra , Sarzi Marc , Davies Roger L. , Cappellari Michele , Houghton Ryan C. W.
Published: June 2010

We present K-band adaptive-optics assisted spectroscopic observations of the central region of the archetype head-tail radio galaxy NGC 1265 (3C 83.1), with the aim of constraining the mass of the supermassive black hole (MBH). The near-infrared data taken with the Altair–NIRI system on the Gemini North have a spatial resolution of FWHM = 0.”11 (39 pc, at the galaxy's distance of 73 Mpc).
Black Hole Masses and Accretion Rates in Nearby AGN
Authors: Lumsden Stuart , Digby-North Jonathan , Jones Olivia , Rogers Hazel , Rushforth Sam , Whittaker Mark
Published: June 2010

We present results from a survey of the properties of the central black holes in nearby AGN. This shows that AGN radiating near Eddington are on average less massive now than at z ~ 1.
On BLR Size Estimates in Reverberation Models
Authors: Melnikov Alexander V. , Shevchenko Ivan I.
Published: June 2010

Following the approach of Melnikov & Shevchenko (2008), we explore how the nonlinearity in the emission-line luminosity Ll of a broad-line region cloud, in its dependence on the ionizing continuum flux Fi incident on the cloud, affects estimates of the size of the broad-line region by means of cross-correlation methods. We show that the estimates obtained by straightforward cross-correlation of emission-line and continuum light curves can significantly underestimate the BLR size. We demonstrate examples of direct reverberation modelling of AGN emission-line light curves taking into account the nonlinearity of the “Ll–Fi” relation. This nonlinearity allows one to explain the differences in the time lags for different lines. Cross-correlation estimates of the BLR size turn out to be small in comparison to the estimates obtained by the direct reverberation modelling.
The Arkansas Galaxy Evolution Survey: Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe
Authors: Seigar M. S. , Kennefick D. , Kennefick J. , Lacy C. H. S. , Berrier J. C. , Treuthardt P. , Al-Baidhany I. A. , Barrows R. S. , Davis B. , Hughes J. A. , Schilling A. , Shields D. W. , Sierra A. D.
Published: June 2010

Work done to date on the SMBH mass function has brought to light some interesting puzzles, the best known of which is cosmic downsizing. The solution to this problem is based upon the methodology by which we determine SMBH masses, which comes mainly from studies of active galaxies. The most massive SMBHs cease to be active at earlier epochs than their less massive counterparts, thus leading to an apparent decrease in the SMBH mass function with time. The larger SMBHs should still be present in the local Universe, but they lie in quiescent galaxies. This lack of certainty reflects the biggest gap in the observational record – the mass of SMBHs in quiescent galaxies.
Simulations of Recoiling Massive Black Holes
Authors: Guedes Javiera , Madau Piero , Mayer Lucio , Kuhlen Michael , Diemand Jürg , Zemp Marcel
Published: June 2010

The coalescence of black hole binaries is a significant source of gravitational wave radiation. The typically asymmetric nature of this emission, which carries linear momentum, can result in the recoil of the black hole remnant with velocities in the range 100 < Vrecoil < 3750 km s−1. The detectability of recoiling massive black holes (MBH) as off-nuclear QSOs is tightly connected with the properties of the host galaxy, which determine the MBH's orbit and fuel reservoir. We present the results of N-body simulations of recoiling MBHs in high-resolution, non-axisymmetric potentials. We find that if the recoil velocities are high enough to reach regions of the galaxy dominated by the generally triaxial dark matter distribution, the return time is significantly extended when compared to a spherical distribution. We also perform simulations of recoiling MBHs traveling in gas merger remnants, where large amounts of gas have been funneled to the central regions, In this case, the MBHs remain within R<1 kpc from the center of the host even for high recoil velocities (Vrecoil = 1200 km s−1) due to the compactness of the remnant galaxy's nuclear disk. We discuss the implications of both scenarios for detectability.
The Distribution and Evolution of Black Hole Mass in Broad Line Quasars
Authors: Kelly Brandon C. , Vestergaard Marianne , Fan Xiaohui , Hernquist Lars , Hopkins Philip , Siemiginowska Aneta
Published: June 2010

We present the first estimate of the black hole mass function (BHMF) of broad-line quasars (BLQSOs) that self-consistently corrects for incompleteness and the statistical uncertainty in the mass estimates, based on a sample of 9886 quasars at 1 < z < 4.5 drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find evidence for “cosmic downsizing” of black holes in BLQSOs, where the peak in their number density shifts to higher redshift with increasing black hole mass. We estimate the lifetime of the BLQSO phase to be 70 ± 5 Myr for supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at z = 1 with a mass of MBH = 109M⊙, and we constrain the maximum mass of a black hole in a BLQSO to be ~ 1010M⊙. We find that most BLQSOs are not radiating at or near the Eddington limit. Our results are consistent with models for self-regulated black hole growth, where the BLQSO phase occurs at the end of a fueling event when black hole feedback unbinds the accreting gas.
The Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) Survey
Authors: Mahony Elizabeth , Ekers Ron , Massardi Marcella , Murphy Tara , Sadler Elaine
Published: June 2010

The recently completed AT20G survey provides the largest and most complete sample of high-frequency selected radio sources yet obtained, and offers new insights into the nature of the high-frequency active galaxy population. Here we focus on the optical properties of this survey which highlights the difference of the AT20G source population compared to other radio-selected AGN samples.
An Estimate of the Local Active Black Hole Mass Function and the Distribution Function of Eddington Ratios
Authors: Schulze Andreas , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: June 2010

The observed relations between the black hole mass and the properties of the spheroidal galaxy component imply a close connection between the growth of supermassive black holes and the evolution of their host galaxies. An effective approach to study black hole growth is to measure black hole masses and Eddington ratios of well-defined type 1 AGN samples and determine the underlying distribution functions.
The Structure of AGNs from X-Ray Absorption Variability
Authors: Risaliti Guido
Published: June 2010

We present new evidence of X-ray absorption variability on time scales from a few hours to a few days for several nearby bright AGNs. The observed NH variations imply that the X-ray absorber is made of clouds eclipsing the X-ray source with velocities in excess of 103 km s−1, and densities, sizes and distances from the central black hole typical of BLR clouds. We conclude that the variable X-ray absorption is due to the same clouds emitting the broad emission lines in the optical/UV. We then concentrate on the two highest signal-to-noise spectra of eclipses, discovered in two long observations of NGC 1365 and Mrk 766, and we show that the obscuring clouds have a cometary shape, with a high density head followed by a tail with decreasing NH. Our results show that X-ray time resolved spectroscopy can be a powerful way to directly measure the physical and geometrical properties of BLR clouds.
Gravitating Disks Around Black Holes
Authors: Karas Vladimír , Šubr Ladislav
Published: June 2010

Fluid disks and tori around black holes are discussed within different approaches and with the emphasis on the role of disk gravity. We first review the prospects for investigating the gravitational field of a black hole–disk system by analytical solutions of stationary, axially symmetric Einstein equations. More detailed considerations are focused on the middle and outer parts of extended disk-like configurations where relativistic effects are small and the Newtonian description is adequate. As an example, we investigate the case of a torus near a massive black hole that is a member of the black-hole binary system.
Gaseous Streaming Motions Around the Nucleus of M 81
Authors: Müller Allan Schnorr , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Riffel Rogemar André , Ferrari Fabricio
Published: June 2010

We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 119 × 255 pc2 of the LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy M 81 on the basis of observations obtained with the Integral Field Unit of the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS-IFU) on the Gemini North telescope at a spatial resolution of ~10 pc, over the wavelength range 5600–7000 Å. Our goal is to map the gas-streaming motions toward the nucleus suggested by the presence of a dusty nuclear spiral previously observed in HST images (Simões Lopes et al. 2007). Such structures have been shown to be associated with inward gas motions in previous studies by our group (Fathi et al. 2006; Storchi-Bergmann et al. 2007).
Low-Mass AGN at High Accretion Rates
Authors: Xu Dawei , Komossa S.
Published: June 2010

Galaxies with low-mass black holes and high accretion rates, i.e., narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, are important objects when addressing the issues of black hole growth and evolution, and of feeding and feedback. We have studied a sample of such objects, and find (1) that the locus of NLS1 galaxies on the MBH–σ plane appears to follow the relation of non-active galaxies after removing objects obviously dominated by outflows, (2) the presence of “blue outliers” that hint at extreme outflows as predicted by recent merger models, and (3) more subtle evidence for winds/outflows across the whole NLS1 population.
Cosmic Feedback from AGN
Authors: Fabian A. C.
Published: June 2010

Accretion onto the massive black hole at the centre of a galaxy can feed energy and momentum into its surroundings via radiation, winds, and jets. Feedback due to radiation pressure can lock the mass of the black hole onto the MBH–σ relation, and shape the final stellar bulge of the galaxy. Feedback due to the kinetic power of jets can prevent massive galaxies greatly increasing their stellar mass by heating gas, which would otherwise cool radiatively. The mechanisms involved in cosmic feedback are discussed and illustrated with observations.
The Impact of BAL Outflows on Cosmological Structure Formation
Authors: Arav Nahum
Published: June 2010

Quasar feedback has been invoked as a major mechanism for influencing large-scale cosmological structure. To quantify to what extent they affect the real universe, one needs to measure the mechanical energy output of quasars and assess the ability of this energy to produce the feedback. We have developed an observational/modeling program that has yielded the first reliable kinetic luminosity determinations of quasar broad absorption line (BAL) outflows, and have demonstrated that energetically they are indeed a major contributor to AGN feedback.
Velocity Offsets Due to Mass Outflows in Active Galaxies
Authors: Crenshaw D. M. , Kraemer S. B. , Schmitt H. R. , Mushotzky R. F. , Dunn J. P.
Published: June 2010

We present a study of the radial velocity offsets between AGN-related narrow emission lines and host-galaxy emission and absorption lines in Seyfert galaxies with observed redshifts less than 0.043. We find that 35% of the Seyferts in the sample show [O iii] emission lines with blueshifts with respect to their host galaxies exceeding 50 km s−1, whereas only 6% show redshifts this large, in qualitative agreement with most previous studies. We also find that a greater percentage of Seyfert 1 galaxies show blueshifts than Seyfert 2 galaxies. Using HST/STIS spatially-resolved spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we generate geometric models of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and inner galactic disks and show how these models can explain the blueshifted [O iii] emission lines in collapsed STIS spectra of these two Seyferts. We conclude that the combination of mass outflow of ionized gas in the NLR and extinction by dust in the inner disk (primarily in the form of dust spirals) is primarily responsible for the velocity offsets in Seyfert galaxies.
Variability in Quasar Broad Absorption Line Outflows
Authors: Capellupo Daniel M. , Hamann Fred , Shields Joseph C. , Barlow Tom A. , Rodriguez Paola
Published: June 2010

Broad absorption lines (BALs) in quasar spectra identify high-velocity outflows that likely exist in all quasars and could play a major role in feedback to galaxy evolution (e.g., Di Matteo et al. 2005). Studying the variability in these BALs can help us understand the structure, evolution, and basic physical properties of these outflows. We are investigating BAL variability in a sample of 25 luminous quasars at 1.2 < z < 2.9 with multi-epoch observations that cover time scales from less than around a month to 7.7 years in the quasar rest-frame. We investigate changes in the C iv λ1549 BALs, and we see a variety of phenomena, including some BALs that either appeared or disappeared completely and other BALs that did not change at all over the whole observation period.
Complex X-Ray Spectral Variability in Mini-BAL QSOs
Authors: Giustini Margherita , Cappi Massimo , Chartas George , Eracleous Michael , Palumbo Giorgio G. C. , Vignali Cristian
Published: June 2010

Multiple XMM–Newton observations of the mini-BAL QSOs PG 1351+640 and PG 1126–041 revealed dramatic and complex spectral variability on different timescales, providing clues about the physical mechanism responsible for outflows in quasars.
New Results on Quasar Outflows
Authors: Hamann Fred , Kanekar Nissem , Prochaska Jason X. , Murphy Michael T. , Milutinovic Nikola , Ellison Sara , Ubachs Wim , Ferland Gary
Published: June 2010

Accretion disk outflows are an important part of the quasar phenomenon. They might play a major role in distributing metals to the galactic surroundings, halting growth of the central black hole and providing kinetic energy “feedback” to regulate star formation in the host galaxies. Some models of galaxy evolution indicate that feedback requires kinetic energy luminosities, LK, that are ~5% of the quasar bolometric; LK/L = Ṁwν2/2η:Ṁaccc2 ~ 5% is possible if Ṁw ~ Ṁacc (with ν~ 0.1c, and η ~ 0.1). Here we describe results from two studies designed to test the theoretical energetics of radiatively driven outflows and derive observational constraints on the outflow geometry and physical properties emphasizing weaker outflow features like NALs and mini-BALs.
Long-Term Variability of the Broad Hα and Hβ Emission-Line Profiles of NGC 4151
Authors: Ilić D. , Shapovalova A. I. , Popović L. Č. , Burenkov A. N. , Chavushyan V. H. , Kovačević A. , Bochkarev N. G. , León-Tavares J.
Published: June 2010

In this work, we present the spectra of NGC 4151 observed over 11 years (from 1996 to 2006) using the SAO 6-m and 1-m telescopes (Russia), the GHAO 2.1-m telescope (Cananea, México), and the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope (San-Pedro, México). The procedure of spectra calibration is given by Shapovalova et al. (2008). Our analysis is focused on high-quality (S/N > 50) spectra of the Hα and Hβ emission lines.
Exploring the Inner Narrow-Line Regions of Seyfert Galaxies
Authors: Kraemer S. B. , Crenshaw D. M. , Trippe M. L. , Schmitt H. R. , Meléndez M.
Published: June 2010

In HST/STIS optical spectra of Seyfert galaxies, there is often a bright knot of [O iii] emission in the inner NLR. In the case of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we have shown that the emission-line gas may be associated with the mass outflow detected in absorption in UV spectra, which suggests that we are probing regions close to the AGN. Here we present results for the luminous Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 573. The spectra reveal the presence of lines from a wide range of ionization states (see Figure 1), which is indicative of the heterogeneous nature of the emission-line gas. As in our studies of other Seyfert galaxies, including NGC 1068, NGC 4151, and Mrk 3, there is evidence for emission from low-ionization gas outside the nominal emission-line bicone. Finally, based on photoionization modeling, we find that the central emission-line knot in Mrk 573 is some tens of parsecs from the AGN, similar to other Seyfert 2 galaxies, which suggests that the material that is obscuring the central AGN in Seyfert 2s must have a similar radial extent.
Environment or Outflows? New Insight into the Origin of NALs
Authors: Wild Vivienne , Hewett Paul
Published: June 2010

Recent detailed studies of narrow absorption line (NAL) systems in QSO spectra have revealed that at least 50% of QSOs have NALs associated with the central engine, and in most cases they are found to be outflowing. Will studies of NALs provide the much sought-after evidence for ubiquitous QSO feedback that can halt the formation of stars in galaxies? I present new results on the distribution of line-of-sight velocity offsets between Mg ii absorbers and their background QSOs, based on a large catalogue of absorbers from SDSS DR6 and greatly improved QSO redshift estimates. The analysis reveals high velocity Mg ii NALs out to at least 6000 km s−1 from the QSO, which cannot be ascribed to the clustering of local galaxies, similar to that observed for C iv absorbers. The existence of such low-ionization, high-velocity gas clouds in the intense ionixing field of the QSO suggests that we may indeed be witnessing the mechanical expulsion of gas, alongside the heating previously observed. We also find an excess of low-velocity Mg ii NALs in radio-loud QSOs compared to radio-quiet QSOs, consistent with their different clustering amplitudes.
Black Hole Feeding and Feedback in the Context of Galaxy Formation
Authors: Somerville Rachel S.
Published: June 2010

I describe ways in which state-of-the-art cosmological simulations are modeling the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes (feeding), and the impact of the energy that they release on galaxies and their surroundings (feedback). I then discuss how this new picture of interconnected co-evolution of galaxies and black holes provides plausible explanations for several of the mysteries that have long vexed theorists studying galaxy formation within the hierarchical cold dark matter paradigm.
Electromagnetic Signatures of Recoiling Black Holes
Authors: Komossa S.
Published: June 2010

Recent numerical relativity simulations predict that coalescing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can receive kick velocities up to several thousands of kilometers per second due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves, leading to long-lived oscillations of the SMBHs in galaxy cores and even SMBH ejections from their host galaxies. Observationally, accreting recoiling SMBHs would appear as quasars spatially and/or kinematically offset from their host galaxies. The presence of these “kicks” and “superkicks” has a wide range of exciting astrophysical implications which only now are beginning to be explored, including consequences for black hole and galaxy growth at the epoch of structure formation, modes of feedback, unified models of AGN, and the number of obscured AGN. SMBH recoil oscillations beyond the torus scale can be on the order of a quasar lifetime, thus potentially affecting a large fraction of the quasar population. We discuss how this might explain the long-standing puzzle of a deficiency of obscured type 2 quasars at high luminosities. Observational signatures of recoiling SMBHs are discussed and results from follow-up studies of the candidate recoiling SMBH SDSSJ0927+2943 are presented.
On the Evolutionary Connection Between AGNs and GALEX UV-Excess Early-Type Galaxies
Authors: Bae Hyun-Jin , Yun Kiyun , Choi Yumi , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: June 2010

The interplay between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their host galaxies' star-formation activities is one of the central topics in pursuing an understanding of galaxy evolution. With the advent of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), we have much more accurate information than ever about the recent star formation (RSF) histories of early-type galaxies within ~ 1.5 Gyr in the local universe. Using a subset of ~ 1000 GALEX/SDSS type 2 AGN-host early-type galaxies (E/S0) based on the emission-line ratio diagnosis, we explore how AGNs affect the RSF histories of the early-type hosts and vice versa. In this contribution, we present a preliminary yet interesting result on the intimate connection between AGN activity and the RSF histories of early-type galaxies.
Stellar Populations of the Most Massive Galaxies
Authors: Fritz Alexander , Hoenig Michael D. , Schiavon Ricardo P.
Published: June 2010

Within the hierarchical CDM framework, gas-poor mergers contribute substantially to the building of the most massive galaxies (Faber et al. 2007). We want to test this scenario by studying the fundamental plane (FP) and the stellar populations of the most massive galaxies. We investigate a well-defined sample of massive early-type galaxies at 0.1<z<0.4, identified from the SDSS database. Out of 42,000 possible targets in the SDSS database, we extracted 23 luminous early-type galaxies with bona fide high velocity dispersions of σ>350 km s−1. These systems are located either in high or low-density environments and show a variety of small surface-brightness structure. Using archival HST/ACS images and Gemini/GMOS spectroscopy, we will explore the photometric and spectroscopic properties of these galaxies.
Development of the Red Sequence in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Jiménez Noelia , Cora Sofía A. , Smith Castelli Analía , Bassino Lilia P.
Published: June 2010

We investigate the origin of the color-magnitude relation (CMR) observed in cluster galaxies by using a combination of a cosmological N-body simulation of a cluster of galaxies and a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. The departure of galaxies in the bright end of the CMR with respect to the trend defined by less luminous galaxies could be explained by the influence of minor mergers.
Equal and Unequal-Mass Mergers of Disk and Elliptical Galaxies with Black Holes
Authors: Johansson Peter H. , Naab Thorsten , Burkert Andreas
Published: June 2010

We present binary galaxy merger simulations of gas-rich disks (Sp-Sp), of early-type galaxies and disks (E-Sp, mixed mergers), and mergers of early-type galaxies (E-E, dry mergers) including radiative cooling, star formation, black hole (BH) accretion, and the associated feedback processes. The numerical simulations include cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, and BH accretion modeled following a Bondi–Hoyle accretion parameterization. The maximum accretion rate is limited to the Eddington rate, with a total of 0.5% of the accreted rest-mass energy distributed as thermal energy to the surrounding gas.
A New Catalog of Isolated Galaxies
Authors: Vázquez-Mata J. A. , Hernández-Toledo H. M. , Park Changbom , Choi Yun-Young
Published: June 2010

We present a new catalog of isolated galaxies (coined as UNAM–KIAS) obtained through an automated systematic search. The 1520 isolated galaxies were found in ~ 1.4 steradians of the sky in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 (SDSS DR5) photometry. The selection algorithm was implemented from a variation of the criteria developed by Karachentseva (1973), with full redshift information. This new catalog is aimed to carry out comparative studies of environmental effects and constraining the currently competing scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution.
Photoreductive dissolution of Fe‐containing mineral dust particles in acidic media
Authors: Fu Hongbo , Cwiertny David M. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Scherer Michelle M. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: June 2010

In this study, the photoreductive dissolution of Fe‐containing mineral dust particles in acidic media is investigated. Photolysis experiments were performed using a solar simulator to irradiate acidic mineral dust suspensions prepared from source materials of Inland Saudi sand (IS), Saharan sand (SS) and one commercial sample, Arizona test dust (AZTD). The results show that Fe dissolution is a pH‐dependent process, and total Fe solubility decreases with the solution pH increasing. Comparing iron dissolution from different source materials, Fe(II)‐containing AZTD is more soluble than IS and SS samples, irrespective of the presence or absence of light. Experiments performed at three different temperatures of 278, 293, and 308 K show that both total dissolved Fe and dissolved Fe(II) increase with temperature and upon light exposure. Results of dissolution studies with AZTD performed at low pH also illustrate that the nature of the acid strongly influences iron solubilization. Fe solubility decreases in the suspensions of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the presence of light, whereas Fe solubility increases in the HCl solution under the irradiation compared to the dark reaction. Finally, our results confirm earlier work showing that photoreductive dissolution of Fe is very sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Results from this laboratory study show that mineralogy and speciation of iron, as well as environmentally relevant factors including pH, light, O2, and nature of the inorganic anion, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−, must be considered when modeling the input of iron to the oceans.
Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies: Part 6
Authors: Shimanouchi T.
Published: June 2010

The compilations of fundamental vibrational frequencies of molecules previously published in the NSRDS—NBS publication series and in this journal are here extended to 55 additional molecules. Selected values of the fundamental vibrational frequencies are given for each molecule, together with observed infrared and Raman spectral data and citations to the original literature. The selection of vibrational fundamentals has been based on careful studies of the spectral data and comprehensive normal-coordinate analyses. An estimate of the accuracy of the selected values is included. The tables provide a convenient source of information for those who require vibrational energy levels and related properties in molecular spectroscopy, thermodynamics, analytical chemistry, and other fields of physics and chemistry.
Microwave Spectra of Molecules of Astrophysical Interest: III. Methanol
Authors: Lees R. M. , Lovas F. J. , Kirchhoff W. H. , Johnson D. R.
Published: June 2010

The available data on the microwave spectrum of methanol are critically reviewed for information applicable to radio astronomy. Molecular data such as moments and product of inertia, torsional potential constants, centrifugal distortion and torsion-rotation interaction constants, dipole moment, and structural parameters are tabulated. Observed rotational transitions are presented for the astronomically interesting isotopic forms of methanol when available. Detailed centrifugal distortion and torsion-rotation interaction calculations have been carried out for the most abundant isotopic form of methanol. Transitions are tabulated for the frequency range from 500 MHz to 200 GHz. Measured transition error limits have been reproduced from the original literature. References are given for all data included.
Molten Salts: Volume 4, Part 1, Fluorides and Mixtures Electrical Conductance, Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension Data
Authors: Janz G. J. , Gardner G. L. , Krebs Ursula , Tomkins R. P. T.
Published: June 2010

Data on the electrical conductance, density, viscosity, and surface tension of fluoride mixtures have been systematically collected and evaluated. Results are given for 44 binary mixtures over a range of compositions and temperatures. Values of the above properties for the single salts have been updated in accord with previously advanced recommendations.