bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributes influencing guests’ experiences: a comparison of nonprofit and for-profit peer-to-peer accommodation platforms
Authors: Medina-Hernandez Vivian C. , Marine-Roig Estela , Ferrer-Rosell Berta
Published: April 2024

Peer-to-peer accommodation has generated an ecosystem of platforms with different business models (i.e., for-profit and nonprofit). This study aims to identify and compare attributes that influence guests’ experiences as reviewed on the for-profit platform Airbnb and the nonprofit platforms Couchsurfing.com and HomeExchange.com according to a three-dimensional experience theoretical model and a methodological approach to interpret these attributes. The study used text-mining techniques to analyze 772,768 online travel reviews representing Spain’s four most-visited cities. Findings show that attributes influencing guests’ experiences in the case of nonprofit platforms relate to the authenticity dimension of experience (e.g., existential values and travel philosophy). Furthermore, guests reported that their guest–host interaction was the most representative attribute and that, unlike with Airbnb, such interaction helped to create a more authentic experience. By contrast, attributes of guests’ experiences in the case of for-profit platforms related to the physical amenities and characteristics that guests would expect to find in hotels. Those results can allow destination managers and accommodation practitioners to better understand users of peer-to-peer accommodations and thereby design more suitable strategies and experiences for them.
Advancing respirable coal mine dust source apportionment: a preliminary laboratory exploration of optical microscopy as a novel monitoring tool
Authors: Santa Nestor , Sarver Emily
Published: April 2024

Exposure to respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) can cause chronic and debilitating lung diseases. Real-time monitoring capabilities are sought which can enable a better understanding of dust components and sources. In many underground mines, RCMD includes three primary components which can be loosely associated with three major dust sources: coal dust from the coal seam itself, silicates from the surrounding rock strata, and carbonates from the inert ‘rock dust’ products that are applied to mitigate explosion hazards. A monitor which can reliably partition RCMD between these three components could thus allow source apportionment. And tracking silicates, specifically, could be valuable since the most serious health risks are typically associated with this component-particularly if abundant in crystalline silica. Envisioning a monitoring concept based on field microscopy, and following up on prior research using polarized light, the aim of the current study was to build and test a model to classify respirable-sized particles as either coal, silicates, or carbonates. For model development, composite dust samples were generated in the laboratory by successively depositing dust from high-purity materials onto a sticky transparent substrate, and imaging after each deposition event such that the identity of each particle was known a priori. Model testing followed a similar approach, except that real geologic materials were used as the source for each dust component. Results showed that the model had an overall accuracy of $$86.5\%$$

86.5
%

, indicating that a field-microscopy based monitor could support RCMD source apportionment and silicates tracking in some coal mines.
Totalitärer Staat und freie Wirtschaft. Zu den Bedingungen von Freiheit in den Nürnberger Industriellenprozessen
Authors: Franzki Hannah
Published: April 2024

Der vorliegende Text analysiert die von den US-Amerikanern nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg durchgeführten Gerichtsverfahren gegen Vertreter der deutschen Industrie. Anders als ein Großteil der existierenden Literatur aus den Bereichen des Internationalen Strafrechts/transitional justice und „Unternehmen und Menschenrechte“ verfolgt er dabei einen analytischen Ansatz und fokussiert die wirtschaftspolitischen Ordnungsvorstellungen, die den Verfahren zugrunde liegen. Dazu richtet die Analyse den Blick auf die Konzepte und Annahmen, anhand derer in den Urteilen die Beweise und Materialien zu Bildern der gewaltvollen Vergangenheit zusammengefügt werden. Anhand einer detaillierten Lektüre der juristischen Argumentation in Bezug auf die Anklagepunkte „Beteiligung am Angriffskrieg“, „Sklavenarbeit“ und „Plünderung“ zeigt der Text, dass die Richter die liberale Trennung von Staat und Wirtschaft als normative Setzung auf die Vergangenheit projizieren und rechtwidriges Verhalten der Unternehmer dort feststellen, wo der totalitäre Staat die Freiheit der wirtschaftlichen Sphäre verletzt. Ähnlich der ordoliberalen Theoriebildung verorten die Verfahren die Ursachen für die mit den Unternehmen assoziierte Gewalt im totalitären Staat und stilisieren im Umkehrschluss die freie Marktwirtschaft zum Garanten einer demokratischen Ordnung. Der Text schließt mit Überlegungen zu den Implikationen dieser Beobachtung für aktuelle Bestrebungen, der Gewalt im Kontext transnationaler Akkumulationsprozesse durch die Etablierung von Menschenrechtspflichten für Unternehmen zu begegnen.
Comparison of Struvite as a P Source with Chemical Fertilizers and Evaluation of Additional Contribution to Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Lettuce Grown on Acidic and Calcareous Soils
Authors: Erdal İbrahim , Yazici Hüseyin , Ekinci Kamil , Türkan Şevkiye Armağan , Yaylaci Cennet , Mejri Rahma , Kumbul Barbaros Salih
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effects of two different struvites (Struvite1 (STR1) and Struvite2 (STR2)) with different P amounts on the P nutrition of lettuce grown in acid and calcareous soils and fertilizer efficiency against di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple superphosphate (TSP), and 20–20-20 (NPK fertilizer). Two distinct forms of STR1 and STR2 obtained from the biogas liquid digestate (LD, liquid fraction of a centrifuge decanter) at different molar ratios (NH4+/Mg2+/PO43−), STR1 (1.0/1.3/1.0), and STR2 (1.0/1.3/1.3) were used. The results showed that struvites were the most effective treatments for plant growth. STR1 and STR2 treatments increased the plant fresh weights by 2.7-fold in acidic soil and 2.1-fold in alkaline soil. As for the plant dry weights, STR1 and STR2 treatments increased the plant dry weights by 2.4–2.2-fold and 2.3–2.2-fold in acid and alkaline soils, respectively. Struvites were more effective on the total plant weights than other fertilizers. Struvite-applied plants yielded higher P concentrations, uptakes, and recovery than MAP, DAP, TSP, and 20–20-20 fertilizers for both soils. Due to its constituent Mg, STR1 and STR2 were found to be the most effective materials for the Mg nutrition of the plants. It was also determined that they contributed to the N and K nutrition of the plants more than most other fertilizers. In conclusion, it was seen that struvites are not only a good source of P but also a fertilizer material with a high agronomic value. Therefore, they can be evaluated as an alternative fertilizer source.
Bubble dynamics under the influence of the Marangoni force induced by a stratified field of contamination
Authors: Mahmoudi Sadra , Saeedipour Mahdi , Hlawitschka Mark W.
Published: April 2024

The Marangoni effect assumes significance in bubbly flows when temperature or concentration gradients exist in the domain. This study investigated the hydrodynamics of single bubbles under the influence of the Marangoni force induced by stratified fields of dissolved sugar, providing a numerical framework for examining these phenomena. A laboratory-scale bubble column and high-speed imaging were utilized to analyze the bubble behavior. The OpenFOAM-based geometric volume of the fluid solver was extended by incorporating the solutocapillary Marangoni effect, and a passive scalar transport equation for the sugar concentration was solved. The results revealed that small bubbles entering regions with elevated sugar concentrations experienced deceleration, transitioning into linear paths, while those departing from regions with high sugar concentrations exhibited fluctuations and meandering. Furthermore, the concentration gradient leads larger bubbles to meander throughout the entire column, without a notable increase in their velocity. The intensity of these behaviors is governed by the magnitude of the Marangoni force. The findings provide a better understanding of single bubble hydrodynamics in complex environments.
The Norwegian Victim Lawyer in a Nordic Context: Professional Boundaries, Legal Hierarchies and Purification Processes
Authors: Antonsdóttir Hildur Fjóla , Laugerud Solveig
Published: April 2024

The victim lawyer has become a common feature in Nordic jurisdictions. Designed to enable victims to participate effectively in the criminal justice system, victim lawyers emerged largely due to the advocacy of the women’s movements and their concern for survivors of rape and other forms of sexual violence. In this paper, we conduct a thematic analysis of interviews and courtroom observations, focusing on how the role and professional status of the Norwegian victim lawyer are perceived. Against the backdrop of the other Nordic jurisdictions, we draw on Bourdieu’s idea of the legal field as a site of struggle to identify perceived legal hierarchies from the perspective of victim lawyers. The findings indicate that the introduction of the victim lawyer in Norway has created tensions and contestations that revolve around both professional and political concerns. These include concerns about the relationship between legal and non-legal work, boundaries of the victim lawyer role and tensions between professional and political loyalties.
Unlocking sustainable agriculture: climate adaptation, opportunity costs, and net revenue for Nigeria cassava farmers
Authors: Olutumise Adewale Isaac , Ekundayo Babatunde Peter , Omonijo Akinyemi Gabriel , Akinrinola Olumide Oyewole , Aturamu Oluyede Adeleke , Ehinmowo Olubukola Omotinuke , Oguntuase Dayo Temitope
Published: April 2024

Climate change continues to affect food production and farmers incur additional costs to adopt appropriate adaptation strategies to combat its effects and attain food security. To enhance adaptive and sustainable coping strategies and food security, it is necessary to study the opportunity costs of implementing climate adaptations and how they influence the net revenue of farmers. Therefore, the study empirically investigates adaptation to climate change and the net revenue of cassava farmers in Southwest Nigeria. The primary data used for this study were collected through a well-structured questionnaire for 221 respondents. The analytical methods used were descriptive statistics, paired sample tests, and multiple regression. Analysis revealed that the majority (55%) of the sampled cassava farmers employed planting different varieties and using agrochemicals as their main adaptation strategies. The results revealed that insufficient funding and labour shortage were the main barriers to adaptation in the study area. The results of opportunity cost on net revenue and costs using paired samples test revealed that cassava farmers derived and perceived the utility and the net benefits using adaptation measures than when it is not used. The result of the regression showed that climate variables such as adaptation options, rainfall, and access to climate information are co-joint with socioeconomic and production factors to determine the average net revenue in the area. Therefore, the study suggests that the costs of adaptation resources should be subsidized by the government at affordable prices for the farmers.
Putting grant/d terms to work: from promise to practice in inter- and transdisciplinary research projects
Authors: Powell Stina , Joosse Sofie
Published: April 2024

Sustainability research is increasingly based on inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches (IDR and TDR). In this article, we examine how grant terms (used in grant proposals for IDR and TDR projects) are put into practice. We analyzed three research projects to study how TDR and IDR are performed and why, and what we can learn for sustainability research. From a feminist perspective and using a conceptual framework including empty signifiers, comfort words and non-performativity we explore the difficulty of performing the terms, and the risk that they remain merely grand terms, promising and useful for proposals, but not guiding everyday research practice. Based on the analysis, we present seven patterns that complicate performing the terms. We suggest that these patterns can be helpful for other researchers developing their TDR and IDR research practice.
Empowering learners with ChatGPT: insights from a systematic literature exploration
Authors: Mohebi Laila
Published: April 2024

With the rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the academic realm, understanding their implications, advantages, and challenges becomes crucial. ChatGPT, a leading AI conversational model, has gained significant traction in educational settings, warranting a comprehensive investigation into its academic impact. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the current state of research regarding implementing ChatGPT in academic cultures, focusing on its applications, challenges, and potential in reshaping contemporary pedagogies. An exhaustive review of 32 peer-reviewed articles from 2023 encompassed categorizing diverse research fields, journals, and studies. The research then delved into the challenges, factors affecting its use, and the myriad opportunities ChatGPT offers within academic settings. An overwhelming 75% of the studies emphasized the relevance of ChatGPT and generative AI tools within higher education, underscoring its importance. Significant challenges identified included pedagogical integration (31.25%) and student engagement (15.63%). However, ChatGPT's potentially inefficient content creation (25.00%) and enhanced personalized learning (21.88%) presented promising avenues for reshaping educational experiences. Furthermore, the tool's adaptability in catering to diverse student needs and fostering collaborative environments was notable. ChatGPT emerges as a transformative force in academia, with vast potential to revolutionize pedagogical practices. Yet, academic institutions must address inherent challenges to harness their full capabilities. Future directions point towards a symbiotic integration, with AI complementing human educators to promote inclusive, dynamic learning.
Single and Multi-modal Analysis for Parkinson’s Disease to Detect Its Underlying Factors
Authors: Islam Nusrat , Turza Md Shaiful Alam , Fahim Shazzadul Islam , Rahman Rashedur M.
Published: April 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological condition characterized by the disruption of both motor and non-motor functions. Given the absence of a definitive diagnostic method, it is crucial to uncover its root causes. Consequently, individuals displaying symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can promptly receive treatment and comprehensive care. To address this, our study aims to develop an AI-powered system capable of detecting Parkinson’s disease and subsequently evaluating the primary factors influencing its development. We collected 12 distinct datasets from the well-known PPMI database, covering various medical assessments such as motor abilities, olfaction, cognition, sleep patterns, and depressive symptoms. Subsequently, we refined this raw data using advanced search techniques to tailor it to our model’s requirements. Moreover, we introduced a novel labeling approach known as the majority voting algorithm. Following data preparation, we conducted Single and Multi-Modality analyses, focusing on single-treatment approaches and integrating multiple treatments for a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. To analyze these both, we employed five distinct Machine Learning algorithms. Notably, the Support Vector Machine (linear) emerged as the top performer, reaching an accuracy of 100% in both single and multimodality analysis. Furthermore, we employed four tree-based models for feature selection, with the Gradient Boosted Decision Tree excels in identifying the most significant features. Finally, we employed an Artificial Neural Network utilizing these key features, achieving the highest accuracy of 91.41%.
Efficient reclamation of phosphorus from wetland plant via CaCl2/NaOH-mediated hydrothermal carbonization: insights from the evolution of phosphorus
Authors: Wang Junxia , Yu Fan , Wang Xutong , Wang Yuting , Cheng Zhanjun , Cui Xiaoqiang , Yan Beibei , Chen Guanyi
Published: April 2024

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wetland plant could achieve the recovery of phosphorus (P) via the production of P-enriched hydrochar to alleviate the crisis of phosphate resources, while the migration and transformation of P should be determined. In this study, Canna indica was derived into hydrochar through HTC at different temperatures (200°C-260°C) and liquid mediums (H2O, CaCl2, and NaOH). The P forms were systematically characterized using P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), 31P liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and sequential extraction. The total P content in hydrochar was up to 23 mg g−1 with mainly inorganic P (> 97.8%), and the recovery rate was almost 100% during NaOH-mediated HTC. The P species, monoester-P and soluble orthophosphate (ortho-P), in biomass were transformed to more stable ortho-P in hydrochars, which was highly dependent on temperature and liquid medium. With increasing temperature, Al/Mg-P was gradually replaced by Ca/Fe-P. The CaCl2 solution facilitated the transformation of Ca(H2PO4)2 into CaHPO4 by elevating the Ca/P ratio. While for the NaOH-mediated HTC, the CaHPO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were transformed to hydroxyapatite (74.3%-81.5%), and the proportion of MgHPO4 elevated with increasing temperature. The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) results implied that the addition of hydrochar greatly elevated the soil available P content, which was further promoted by high temperature and NaOH medium. These results indicate that the species and availability of P in hydrochar could be adjusted through varying liquid medium and reaction temperature, which provide guidance for the target design of P-enriched hydrochar and P reclamation.

Graphical Abstract
Vulnerability, Preparedness, and Previous Experience of Disasters Among the Population of a High Hazard Region—Rural Southern Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Khuwaja Abid Hussain , Memon Khalida Naz , Khidri Feriha Fatima , Riaz Hina , Khuwaja Imran ul Hassan
Published: April 2024

A cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted in Badin, a rural area in southern Sindh, which is considered a high-risk disaster zone, to assess the vulnerability, preparedness, and disaster experiences of the coastal population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the villages, study area, and 3 distinct populations (I, II, and III). Family heads of households were recruited for population I, village heads for population II, and community support group leaders from selected clusters for population III. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that the population of rural southern Sindh, Pakistan, is highly vulnerable to disasters and exhibits lower levels of preparedness. The statistics about the vulnerable population may prove helpful in designing policies targeting specific groups to mitigate hazards in the future.
Langmuir turbulence in suspended kelp farms
Authors: Bo Tong , McWilliams James C. , Yan Chao , Chamecki Marcelo
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the influence of suspended kelp farms on ocean mixed layer hydrodynamics in the presence of currents and waves. We use the large eddy simulation method, where the wave effect is incorporated by solving the wave-averaged equations. Distinct Langmuir circulation patterns are generated within various suspended farm configurations, including horizontally uniform kelp blocks and spaced kelp rows. Intensified turbulence arises from the farm-generated Langmuir circulation, as opposed to the standard Langmuir turbulence observed without a farm. The creation of Langmuir circulation within the farm is attributed to two primary factors depending on farm configuration: (i) enhanced vertical shear due to kelp frond area density variability, and (ii) enhanced lateral shear due to canopy discontinuity at lateral edges of spaced rows. Both enhanced vertical and lateral shear of streamwise velocity, representing the lateral and vertical vorticity components, respectively, can be tilted into downstream vorticity to create Langmuir circulation. This vorticity tilting is driven by the Craik–Leibovich vortex force associated with the Stokes drift of surface gravity waves. In addition to the farm-generated Langmuir turbulence, canopy shear layer turbulence is created at the farm bottom edge due to drag discontinuity. The intensity of different types of turbulence depends on both kelp frond area density and the geometric configuration of the farm. The farm-generated turbulence has substantial consequences for nutrient supply and kelp growth. These findings also underscore the significance of the presence of obstacle structures in modifying ocean mixed layer characteristics.
Repeated subglacial jökulhlaups in northeastern Greenland revealed by CryoSat
Authors: Gray Laurence , Burgess David , Copland Luke , Dow Christine , Fettweis Xavier , Fisher David , Kochtitzky Will , van Wychen Wesley , Zheng James
Published: April 2024

Surface height changes above three previously undetected subglacial lakes in northeastern Greenland are documented using CryoSat, DEMs and ICESat-2. Between 7 February and 6 March 2012, the central ice region (22.6 km2) above the largest lake dropped by ~37 m followed by a further drop of 12 m in the following 29 days. This implies a subglacial water outflow, or jökulhlaup, of at least 1 km3 at rates of hundreds of cubic meters per second. A comparable outflow occurred again between 23 July and 15 September 2019, with smaller outflows in the fall of 2014 and 2016. In contrast, a second smaller subglacial lake at a higher elevation had two subglacial outbursts of ~0.3 km3 in 2012 and 2019 but the lake filling was gradual and not strongly seasonal or episodic. Water remained in both lakes after the outflows but this may not be the case for the third smallest and lowest subglacial lake. While there appears to be some hydrological link between the three lakes, the flux of water moving under the ice in this area appears to be larger than would be expected from local summer melt. However, the source of the excess water remains uncertain.
A Deposit of Silver Aquillas from the Site of Purun Llacta de Soloco, Amazonas, Peru
Authors: Crandall James M. , Risco Patiño Lorenzo
Published: April 2024

This report examines the deposit of a sixteenth-century cache of silver aquillas within a Chachapoya household at the site of Purun Llacta de Soloco. The report examines their context and contents. These findings have implications for a larger examination of social value in Andean societies and the specialized treatment and use of ritual objects during the tumultuous colonial period.
Low-frequency pulse-jitter measurement with the uGMRT I: PSR J0437–4715
Authors: Kikunaga Tomonosuke , Hisano Shinnosuke , Batra Neelam Dhanda , Desai Shantanu , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Bagchi Manjari , Prabu T. , Takahashi Keitaro , Arumugam Swetha , Bathula Adarsh , Dandapat Subhajit , Deb Debabrata , Dwivedi Churchil , Gupta Yashwant , Jacob Shebin Jose , Kareem Fazal , Nobleson K. , Mamidipaka Pragna , Paladi Avinash Kumar , Pandian B. Arul , Rana Prerna , Singha Jaikhomba , Srivastava Aman , Surnis Mayuresh , Tarafdar Pratik
Published: April 2024

High-precision pulsar timing observations are limited in their accuracy by the jitter noise that appears in the arrival time of pulses. Therefore, it is important to systematically characterise the amplitude of the jitter noise and its variation with frequency. In this paper, we provide jitter measurements from low-frequency wideband observations of PSR J0437

$-$

4715 using data obtained as part of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array experiment. We were able to detect jitter in both the 300–500 MHz and 1 260–1 460 MHz observations of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). The former is the first jitter measurement for this pulsar below 700 MHz, and the latter is in good agreement with results from previous studies. In addition, at 300–500 MHz, we investigated the frequency dependence of the jitter by calculating the jitter for each sub-banded arrival time of pulses. We found that the jitter amplitude increases with frequency. This trend is opposite as compared to previous studies, indicating that there is a turnover at intermediate frequencies. It will be possible to investigate this in more detail with uGMRT observations at 550–750 MHz and future high-sensitive wideband observations from next generation telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array. We also explored the effect of jitter on the high precision dispersion measure (DM) measurements derived from short duration observations. We find that even though the DM precision will be better at lower frequencies due to the smaller amplitude of jitter noise, it will limit the DM precision for high signal-to-noise observations, which are of short durations. This limitation can be overcome by integrating for a long enough duration optimised for a given pulsar.
Incentivizing Investors for a Greener Economy
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Rivera Alejandro , Zhang Harold H.
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate that investment income taxes incentivize capital allocation to the ecofriendly green sector away from the non-ecofriendly brown sector in a stylized economy. This tax reduces the arrival intensity of climate disasters, delivers the socially optimal allocation, and can be jointly implemented with a carbon tax, expanding policymakers’ toolkit to reduce climate disasters. Extending the model with heterogeneous investors, we show that investment income taxes can obtain support from a political majority and thereby relax political constraints faced by a carbon tax alone.
Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score outcomes in patients awaiting septoplasty at a tertiary ENT centre
Authors: Williams Isabelle J M , Chin Liu Melanie , Navaratnam Annakan V , Ferguson Mark
Published: April 2024

Objective

Nasal septoplasty is one of the most performed procedures within ENT. Nasal obstruction secondary to a deviated nasal septum is the primary indication for functional septoplasty. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, waiting lists have increased and are now long. This study assessed patients on the waiting list for septoplasty and/or inferior turbinate reduction surgery using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument.

Method

Patients on our waiting list for septoplasty and/or inferior turbinate reduction surgery were reviewed using a validated patient-reported outcome measure tool to assess symptom severity.

Results

Eighty-six out of a total of 88 patients (98 per cent) had Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores of 30 or more. In addition, 78 (89 per cent) and 50 (57 per cent) patients were classified as having ‘severe’ or ‘extreme’ nasal obstruction, respectively. Two patients scored less than 30 and were classified as having non-significant nasal obstruction.

Conclusion

The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument is a quick and easy way to validate septoplasty waiting lists. In this study, two patients were identified who no longer required surgery.
Youth adversity and trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence in the context of intersectionality in the United Kingdom
Authors: Havers Laura , Shuai Ruichong , Fonagy Peter , Fazel Mina , Morgan Craig , Fancourt Daisy , McCrone Paul , Smuk Melanie , Bhui Kamaldeep , Shakoor Sania , Hosang Georgina M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Youth adversity is associated with persistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This association may be greater for disadvantaged societal groups (such as females) compared with advantaged groups (e.g. males). Given that persistent symptoms are observed across a range of disadvantaged, minoritized, and neurodivergent groups (e.g. low compared with high socio-economic status [SES]), the intersection of individual characteristics may be an important moderator of inequality.

Methods

Data from HeadStart Cornwall (N = 4441) was used to assess the effect of youth adversity on combined symptoms of depression and anxiety (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional problems subscale) measured at three time-points in 11–14-year-olds. Latent trajectories and regressions were estimated for eight intersectionality profiles (based on gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention), and moderating effects of the individual characteristics and their intersections were estimated.

Results

Youth adversity was associated with higher average depression/anxiety symptoms at baseline (11–12-years) across all intersectionality profiles. The magnitude of effects differed across profiles, with suggestive evidence for a moderating effect of youth adversity on change over time in depression/anxiety symptoms attributable to the intersection between (i) gender and SES; and (ii) gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention.

Conclusions

The detrimental effects of youth adversity pervade across intersectionality profiles. The extent to which these effects are moderated by intersectionality is discussed in terms of operational factors. The current results provide a platform for further research, which is needed to determine the importance of intersectionality as a moderator of youth adversity on the development of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
An unusual form of “haemodynamic vise” in supra cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Authors: Krishna Mani Ram , Raju Vijaykumar , Anderson Robert H.
Published: April 2024

We report an unusual variant of obstructed supra cardiac anomalous pulmonary venous drainage where the vertical vein is obstructed by a vice formed between the persistent arterial duct and the left pulmonary artery.
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn: Betty Smith’s Bestselling Introduction to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
Authors: Unger Nancy C.
Published: April 2024

An analysis of Betty Smith’s bestselling coming-of-age novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn reveals how popular literature can serve as an important introduction to signature issues of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration are highlighted in the novel—as well as attendant problems including poverty, machine politics, child labor, and prejudice and discrimination. Profound ignorance about sexuality and conception abound in a religious culture that made premarital sex and birth control sinful and shameful, with unhappy marriages and unwanted children the result. As poverty and deviant sexuality abound, eugenics is touted as a sensible solution. The novel helps to explain why there was no organized rebellion or revolution when the struggling poor found that the promise of upward mobility was elusive. Characters have differing definitions of the American Dream. Some seek respite in religion, leisure activities, or alcohol. Others find hope in a variety of reform measures, including public health and education, settlement houses, and unions. The novel ends as the technology that made the nation’s industrialization and urbanization possible continues to produce new marvels that will transform the lives of the urban poor, bringing the Gilded Age and Progressive Era to a close.
Teaching GAPE History through Amateur Newspapers and Adolescent Storytelling
Authors: Rouleau Brian
Published: April 2024

Beginning in 1867 with the invention of the miniature (or “hobby”) press, young people in the United States began to publish their own amateur newspapers. Within the pages of those publications, adolescents included news articles, editorials, short stories, serialized fiction, poetry, and jokes. The collective result of their literary efforts was referred to as Amateurdom, or “the ’Dom” for short. Included in this teaching supplement are several representative short stories and editorials published by adolescents during the 1870s and 1880s. After reading the primary source material, students might be prompted to address some the questions for discussion included below.
Elaine Goodale Eastman’s Yellow Star as Counter-Narrative for American Indian History-Telling
Authors: Robbins Sarah Ruffing
Published: April 2024

In 1911, Elaine Goodale Eastman, longtime editor of writing by her husband, Indigenous writer Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa), published Yellow Star, a narrative for white family audiences. Both the Eastmans’ already-troubled marriage and their parenting of mixed-race children illuminate the text, as does their history of linked authorial experiences. Anticipating twenty-first-century battles over competing historical narratives about Indigenous peoples in school curricula and public discourse, Yellow Star’s depiction of history-in-the-making underscores intersections between the domestic and the public, as well as between communal lived experience and larger social issues. The text simultaneously claims a potential role for young people’s literature in the cultural construction of historical understanding. Eastman’s main character, Stella/Yellow Star, arrives in a fictional New England village as an orphan of the Wounded Knee Massacre. Determined to continue valuing her Indigenous community, Stella models both a particular brand of assimilation and resistance to its would-be totalizing power. Before returning west to teach children of her tribe, she also articulates an alternative historical voice. Yellow Star draws on Eastman’s background as a white woman involved in assimilationist education. Progressive in her commitment to on-reservation learning rather than boarding schools, Goodale Eastman was nonetheless implicated in white culture’s racial hierarchies.
“Like Home”: Gerrymandering the Physical Public Sphere in Female Journalist Narratives
Authors: Plummer Hunter
Published: April 2024

The cultural figure of the female journalist most clearly embodies the opportunities given to, and the anxieties caused by, the period’s working women. As writers, they fought for rhetorical space in the pages of newspapers and periodicals, and as women, they faced social pressure to avoid the male-dominated physical public sphere or move within it under specific conditions. Even the increasing number of female journalists at the turn of the century could not guarantee their place within the newsroom itself, let alone the world beyond its walls. Instead, their struggle to stake a claim in physical public spaces manifested in fiction and nonfiction narratives as a search for “home,” or a place of belonging. This article explores the exclusively white-woman fiction and nonfiction narratives by and about nonwhite and nonmainstream women through a human geography lens, arguing that their shared central issue is the social “gerrymandering” of women and other overlapping marginalized groups out of physical public spaces, as well as the efforts of women to “redistrict” the social spheres into a comfortable public place in which everyone could thrive.
Introduction: On Literature
Authors: Sheehan Elizabeth M.
Published: April 2024

Literature and history as objects of study and fields of inquiry have shaped each other in profound if asymmetrical ways. This introduction provides a brief account of how these disciplines intersect in the GAPE and the contemporary era, emphasizing concerns with expertise and amateurism that also emerge in many of the articles in this special issue. Those concerns, in turn, relate to what the articles show are literature’s pedagical functions in the GAPE and the present moment and within and beyond the classroom. As it argues, literature’s pedagogical dimensions challenge distinctions between teaching, research, and activism in the context of current debates about if and how historical and literary study should be presentist and politically committed.
Walter Nugent and the Broadening of U.S. History
Authors: Deverell William , Unger Nancy , Gabaccia Donna , Lessoff Alan , Postel Charles , Atkins Annette
Published: April 2024

Former SHGAPE president Walter Nugent passed away in 2021. On April 1, 2023, historians gathered at the Organization of American Historians (OAH) annual meeting in Los Angeles, California, to remember him. William Deverell, Nancy Unger, Donna Gabaccia, Alan Lessoff, Charles Postel, and Annette Atkins spoke about Walter Nugent as a scholar, a colleague, a mentor, and a friend; then the audience joined in with their own memories and stories. The following roundtable is a lightly edited version of the panelists’ comments from that day, including an introduction that William Deverell wrote for the journal. We have included a Walter Nugent Reading List at the end—a selected bibliography of his books and articles, as well as works about him.
Intersectional Victims as Agents of Change in International Human Rights-Based Climate Litigation
Authors: Hefti Angela
Published: April 2024

Climate change uniquely affects those who are at the intersection of several inequalities simultaneously, such as those based on gender, age, and disability. This makes them ‘directly affected’ by climate change, which is crucial in establishing ‘victim status’ under Article 34 of the European Convention on Human Rights. At the same time, as a result of unequal power relations, intersectional victims face exclusion from, or minimal participation in, political decision-making processes concerning climate change. This further justifies their claim to victim status as a matter of procedural climate justice. As agents of change, intersectional victims, namely elderly women and girls with disabilities, can be empowered to contribute to climate decision making, thereby reshaping unjust power relations. The article examines two climate cases currently before the European Court of Human Rights: Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland, brought by elderly women, and Duarte Agostinho et al. v. Portugal and 32 other States, brought by children and young people.
Control of Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa fascicularis with the novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor herbicide tetflupyrolimet in California water-seeded rice
Authors: Lombardi Matthew A. , Al-Khatib Kassim
Published: April 2024

The spread of herbicide-resistant weeds is considered a major problem for rice production in California, and there is a need for new herbicides. Tetflupyrolimet is a new herbicide with a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase–inhibiting site of action that has strong activity on grasses. Three field studies were conducted at the California Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA, in 2022 and 2023 to (1) determine control of watergrass species and bearded sprangletop with tetflupyrolimet, (2) characterize the effects of tetflupyrolimet combined with other herbicides on weed control and rice, and (3) determine the response of rice cultivars to tetflupyrolimet. In the first study, tetflupyrolimet was applied at preemergence (PRE) or at the 1- to 2-leaf stage of rice (POST) at 0.1, 0.125, or 0.15 kg ai ha−1 followed by carfentrazone. Tetflupyrolimet provided ≥99% control of watergrass species and 100% bearded sprangletop control regardless of the rate or application timing, while showing no crop injury symptoms or yield reduction. In the second study, tetflupyrolimet was applied PRE or POST at 0.1 or 0.15 kg ai ha−1 followed by herbicides labeled for use in California rice production. Tetflupyrolimet provided ≥98% control of watergrass species, which was better than the grower standard treatment, and ≥97% control of bearded sprangletop. In the third study, tetflupyrolimet was applied PRE or POST at 0.125, 0.15, 0.25, or 0.3 kg ai ha−1 followed by carfentrazone. The six California rice cultivars evaluated, ‘M-105’, ‘M-206’, ‘M-209’, ‘M-211’, ‘L-208’, and ‘CM-203’, did not show any trend of crop injury caused by tetflupyrolimet. Overall, tetflupyrolimet provided a high level of control of watergrass species and bearded sprangletop without causing visual rice injury or yield reductions, regardless of rice cultivar, when applied alone or in combination with commonly used sedge and broadleaf herbicides in California water-seeded rice.
A Carbon Source in a Carbon Sink: Carbon Dioxide and Methane Dynamics in Open‐Water Peatland Pools
Authors: Taillardat Pierre , Linkhorst Annika , Deblois Charles P. , Prijac Antonin , Gandois Laure , Tremblay Alain , Garneau Michelle
Published: April 2024

Peatlands store organic carbon available for decomposition and transfer to neighboring water bodies, which can ultimately generate carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study was to clarify the biogeochemical functioning of open‐water peatland pools and their influence on carbon budgets at the ecosystem and global scale. Continuously operated automated equipment and monthly manual measurements were used to describe the CO2 and CH4 dynamics in boreal ombrotrophic peatland pools and porewater (Québec, Canada) over the growing seasons 2019 and 2020. The peat porewater stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) for both CO2 (median δ13C‐CO2: −3.8‰) and CH4 (median δ13C‐CH4: −64.30‰) suggested that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant degradation pathway in peat. Open‐water pools were supersaturated in CO2 and CH4 and received most of these dissolved carbon greenhouse gases (C‐GHG) from peat porewater input. Throughout the growing season, higher CO2 concentrations and fluxes in pools were measured when the water table was low—suggesting a steady release of CO2 from deep peat porewater. Higher CH4 ebullition and diffusion occurred in August when bottom water and peat temperatures were the highest. While this study demonstrates that peatland pools are chimneys of CO2 and CH4 stored in peat, it also shows that the C‐GHG concentrations and flux rates in peat pools are comparable to other aquatic systems of the same size. Although peatlands are often considered uniform entities, our study highlights their biogeochemical heterogeneity, which, if considered, substantially influences their net carbon balance with the atmosphere.
Seismological Evidence for the Existence of Long‐Distance Hydrological Channel and Its Implication for Fluid Overpressure in Southern Sichuan, China
Authors: Tian Wen , Wu Qingju , Dai Kun , Guo Rumeng , Yao Zhixiang , Qiang Zhengyang , Deng Fei
Published: April 2024

Unprecedented levels of seismicity have been seen in southern Sichuan, China, since the large‐scale exploitation of shale gas. Fluid and pore pressure transported through hydrological channel are thought as pivotal elements in the induction of earthquakes. Our high‐resolution tomography results reveal two inclined seismic anomalies featured by low Vs and high Vp/Vs at different depth range. The deeper anomaly extends 15 km from NE to SE and connects the well g048 from 3 km depth to the vicinity of the Ms 4.7 Gongxian earthquake 5.4 km deep, which is hinted to be a hydrological channel inferred from the high fluid overpressure of 28 Mpa calculated from focal mechanism solution. The injection operation of multiple shale gas wells along the channel may potentially accumulate the pore pressure and cause the fault near the end of the channel to reach critical stress state through various mechanisms.
On the Global Features of the 10–60‐Min ULF Waves in Jovian Magnetosphere: Juno Observations
Authors: Sun J. W. , Xie L. , Yao Z. H. , Fu S. Y. , Dunn W. R. , Grodent D. , Bonfond B. , Zhang B. , Pan D. X. , Xu Y. , Chen Y. N.
Published: April 2024

In the Jovian magnetosphere, quasi‐periodic phenomena, with quasi‐periods on the order of 10–60 min, are frequently identified using different data sets. These pulsations are a branch of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, which are believed to play a crucial role in driving the energy circulation within Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize magnetic field data collected by Juno between 2016 and 2022 to perform a comprehensive global statistical analysis of the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. Our findings reveal distinct periodic features observed at different latitudes and distances, providing valuable insights into the generation mechanisms of ULF waves. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between the presence of these ULF wave fluctuations and the magnetospheric state, such as under conditions of solar wind compression. By combining contemporaneous ultraviolet aurora observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and magnetic field data obtained by Juno, we have discovered that the compressed magnetospheres exhibit more pronounced ULF waves and enhanced auroral activity. These results provide a global picture of the distribution, implying potential generation of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, and shedding light on the processes behind the 10–60‐min energy releases.
Animals Deserve to Be Included in Global Carbon Cycle Models, Too
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: April 2024

Because they are far less plentiful than plants and microbes, animals have typically been excluded from examinations of carbon exchange in the atmosphere. But new research shows they may have a considerable influence on carbon cycle dynamics.
Outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for myelofibrosis in children and adolescents: the retrospective study of the EBMT Paediatric Diseases WP
Authors: Wachowiak Jacek , Galimard Jacques-Emmanuel , Dalissier Arnaud , Rihani Rawad , AlSaedi Hawazen , Wynn Robert F. , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Peffault de Latour Régis , Sedlacek Petr , Balduzzi Adriana , Schroeder Thomas , Bodova Ivana , Gonzalez Vicent Marta , Gruhn Bernd , Hamladji Rose-Marie , Krivan Gergely , Patrick Katharine , Sobkowiak-Sobierajska Agnieszka , Stepensky Polina , Unal Ali , Amrolia Persis , Perez Martinez Antonio , Rialland Fanny , Aljurf Mahmoud , Isgro Antonella , Toren Amos , Bierings Marc , Corbacioglu Selim , Kałwak Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

This retrospective study evaluated 35 children (median age 5.2 years; range 0.4–18) with myelofibrosis (MF), including 33 with primary myelofibrosis and 2 with secondary myelofibrosis transplanted from matched sibling donor (MSD) (n = 17) or non-MSD (n = 18) between 2000 and 2022. Conditioning was usually chemotherapy-based (n = 33) and myeloablative (n = 32). Fifteen patients received bone marrow (BM), 14 haematopoietic cells (HC) from peripheral blood (PB), and 6 from cord blood (CB). Day +100 acute GvHD II–IV incidence was significantly lower after MSD-haematopoietic cell transplantation (MSD-HCT) than after non-MSD-HCT [18.8% (4.3–41.1) vs 58.8% (31–78.6); p = 0.01]. Six-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 18% (7.1–32.8), relapse incidence was 15.9% (5.6–30.9), progression-free survival (PFS) was 66.1% (47–79.7), GvHD-free relapse-free survival was 50% (30.6–66.7), and overall survival (OS) was 71.1% (51.4–84). Six-year PFS and OS were significantly higher after BM transplantation compared to HCT from other sources [85.1% (52.3–96.1) vs 50.8% (26.3–71), p = 0.03, and 90.9% (50.8–98.7) vs 54% (28.1–74.2), p = 0.01, respectively], whereas NRM was significantly lower [0% vs 32% (12.3–53.9); p = 0.02]. This first multicentre study on outcomes of allogeneic HCT in children with myelofibrosis proves feasibility and curative effect of transplantation in these children, suggests that bone marrow transplantation is associated with better outcomes, and indicates the need for further studies.