bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Níveis de lisina digestível de fêmeas suínas selecionadas para deposição de carne magra na carcaça dos 30 aos 60kg
Authors: Serao Mariana Cruz Rossoni , Donzele Juarez Lopes , Silva Francisco Carlos de Oliveira , Oliveira Rita Flávia Miranda de , Ferreira Aloízio Soares , Kill João Luís , Apolônio Lourdes Romão
Published: October 2014

Utilizaram-se 50 leitoas de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, com peso inicial de 30,17 ± 2,03, a fim de avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0,83; 0,93; 1,03; 1,13 e 1,23% de lisina digestível), cinco repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Na distribuição dos animais dentro de cada bloco foi adotado como critério o peso inicial dos animais. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de lisina digestível sobre o consumo de ração diário e ganho de peso diário. Observou-se efeito quadrático dos tratamentos sobre a conversão alimentar, que melhorou até o nível estimado de 1,11% de lisina digestível. Foi observado efeito linear dos níveis de lisina sobre a taxa de deposição de proteína diária, entretanto, o modelo Linear Response Plateau foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados e estimou o nível de 1,09% de lisina digestível para melhor deposição de proteína diária. Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos sobre a taxa de deposição diária de gordura. Conclui-se que o nível de 1,11% de lisina digestível proporciona os melhores resultados de desempenho e de taxa de deposição de proteína diária na carcaça de fêmeas suínas de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, dos 30 aos 60kg.
Parâmetros séricos de bezerros submetidos a diferentes tipos dietas líquidas
Authors: Lima Patrícia de Oliveira , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Queiroz Maria Goretti Rodrigues de , Ferreira Jamile Magalhães , Modesto Elisa Cristina , Lima Renata Nayhara de , Gomes Jeicy Marques Cavalcante , Aquino Rebeca Magda da Silva
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de diferentes dietas líquidas sobre os perfis dos metabólitos séricos relacionados ao status proteico e energético de bezerros até 60 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições: leite integral (controle); 50% leite integral + 50% de soro de queijo in natura; 50% leite integral + 50% de soro de queijo in natura + um ovo integral in natura; 50% leite integral + 50% de soro de queijo in natura + um ovo integral in natura + biotina. A adaptação dos animais às dietas compreendeu os dez dias que antecederam o início da pesquisa. Os animais tiveram à disposição concentrado farelado, feno de capim Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp.) e água ad libitum. Semanalmente, foram coletadas amostras de sangue por punção da veia jugular externa, no período da manhã, antes do fornecimento da dieta líquida e duas horas após a ingestão desta. As concentrações médias de glicose, ureia, creatinina, proteínas séricas totais e albumina mostraram-se dentro dos limites normais para bezerros e, apenas os valores de ureia diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos, sem prejudicar, porém, o desempenho normal dos animais. Assim, pôde-se utilizar o soro em substituição ao leite integral, na proporção de 50%, sem adição de ovo ou biotina, uma vez que os mesmos também não acarretaram alterações nas concentrações séricas dos metabólitos estudados.
Digestibilidade aparente de alimentos proteicos e energéticos para Trichogaster leeri
Authors: Tonini William Cristiane Teles , Polese Marcelo Fanttini , Abreu Matheus Lima da Costa , Matos Douglas da Cruz , Vidal Júnior Manuel Vazquez , Andrade Dalcio Ricardo
Published: October 2014

O experimento foi conduzido para determinar digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (MS), energia bruta (EB) e proteína bruta (PB) da farinha de peixe (FP), farinha de carne e ossos (FCO), farelo de soja (FS), farelo de milho (FM) e farelo de trigo (FT) pelo Trichogaster leeri. Foram utilizados 20 peixes por aquário. Os aquários eram cilíndricos, fundo cônico, com 100 litros cada. A determinação dos CD foi feita por intermédio da metodologia de coleta total de fezes. As médias de temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e pH durante o período experimental foram de 25,0 ± 1,13 oC; 3,91 ± 0,91mg/L e 5,22 ± 0,87, respectivamente. Os CD da MS, PB e EB foram respectivamente de 68,63, 89,25 e 87,30 para FP; 54,90, 65,95 e 80,62 para FCO; 60,13, 82,19 e 85,46 para FS; 39,30, 89,87 e 89,74 para FM; 22,5,17,45 e 19,54 para FT.
Sistema orgânico de produção de pescado de água doce
Authors: Boscolo Wilson Rogério , Feiden Aldi , Neu Dacley Hertes , Dieterich Fabiana
Published: October 2014

No presente trabalho objetivou-se levantar dados sobre a produção orgânica de pescado de água doce. Atualmente, a produção de alimentos orgânicos de origem vegetal é a predominante no mercado, no entanto, a criação de animais com certificação de origem orgânica tem grande potencial e é uma importante ferramenta para agregação de valor aos grãos e subprodutos agroindustriais orgânicos. Quanto à normatização da aquicultura orgânica, os produtores têm se baseado em normas internacionais. No Brasil, a normatização para criação de animais é bastante recente e sua regulamentação foi consolidada por meio da Instrução Normativa Interministerial No28, publicada no dia 8 de junho de 2011 pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) juntamente com o Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura (MPA). Na literatura, são escassos os trabalhos com piscicultura orgânica, mas de acordo com os dados disponíveis, a criação de espécies como a tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e o jundiá (Rhamdia sp.) alimentados com rações orgânicas, em diferentes sistemas de cultivo, demonstram resultados bastante otimistas quanto ao sistema de produção, foco deste trabalho.
Projection analysis for cadastral mapping
Authors: Gopikrishnan T , Ramakrishnan S.S
Published: October 2014

Maps are created for different purposes. Among the various types of maps, cadastral maps are created by cadastral surveying. Cadastral maps are used for management of land and land-related activities by Government organisations or other institutions in various countries. Cadastral map making is both an art and a science, and the data about a surveyed land parcel are collected and incorporated in cadastral maps. Technological development has resulted in the development of simple methods for cadastral mapping. The Indian cadastral system for the state of Tamil Nadu is described in this paper. The challenges of conversion while scanning conventional paper-based land records to make digital records are explained. The procedure for selecting an appropriate projection system for scanned digital conventional records is elaborated on. A statistical application for identifying the nature of the data is shown. An inverse ranking system is used to identify a suitable projection system. Projection research is important in cadastral mapping when digitally processing a large number of land records in a country. The described method is effective for identification of a suitable projection system.
Noise estimation of hyperspectral remote sensing image based on multiple linear regression and wavelet transform
Authors: Xu Dong , Sun Lei , Luo Jianshu
Published: October 2014

Noise estimation of hyperspectral remote sensing image is In this paper, not only the spectral correlation removing is considered, but the spatial correlation removing by wavelet transform is considered as well. Therefore, a new method based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and wavelet transform is proposed to estimate the noise of hyperspectral remote sensing image. Numerical simulation of AVIRIS data is carried out and the real data Hyperion is also used to validate the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that the method is more adaptive and accurate than the general MLR and the other classified methods.
The Brazilian biodiesel program and family farmers: what is the social inclusion reality in the Brazilian savannah?
Authors: Finco Marcus Vinicius Alves , Doppler Werner
Published: October 2014

Biofuel production has been greatly discussed in Brazil. In 2004, some debates led the country to develop new policies and implement the National Biodiesel Use and Production Program (PNPB), with the intent to increase the share of renewable energy and foster rural development. In this context, the present study aims to assess the linkages between family farmers living standard and the adoption of oil seed activity in the Tocantins State, in a region of transition between the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) and the Amazon rain forest. Ranges of socio-economic indicators were collected among smallholders who cultivate Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis. A factor analysis based on living standard criteria and a non-linear probit model were applied to assess the inclusion of poor rural families in the biodiesel chain. Preliminary results point towards a positive relation between the family degree of deprivation and adoption of oil seed activity, for the Ricinus communis production, and a negative relation, for the Jatropha curcas production.
Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em função do preparo de solo e espaçamento da cultura do milho
Authors: Chioderoli Carlos Alessandro , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Silva Rouverson Pereira da , Gitti Douglas de Castilho , Kaneko Flávio Hiroshi , Roman Rodrigo Alberto Alândia
Published: October 2014

O desempenho de máquinas e implementos agrícolas é de fundamental importância, principalmente quando estão sujeitos a diferentes tipos de preparo de solo, tendo que se adaptar a estas condições para promover uma boa capacidade operacional. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar o desempenho operacional de semeadora-adubadora Marchesan Cop Suprema, equipada com quatro fileiras, com espaçamento 0,90 m, em função de três tipos de preparo do solo: convencional (aração e duas gradagens), reduzido (escarificação com rolo destorroador) e semeadura direta, em área anteriormente semeada com milho (Zea mays L.), em dois espaçamentos (0,90 m e 0,45 m). Os resultados indicam que a exigência de potência, força de tração e rotação do motor, na operação de semeadura, não foram influenciadas pelo preparo do solo e cultivo do milho. A patinagem dos rodados do trator apresentou diferenças, sendo menor na semeadura direta e maior no preparo convencional e reduzido.
Importância do período de pré-floração na produtividade do feijoeiro
Authors: Didonet Agostinho Dirceu
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se verificar a importância do período da emergência à pré-floração, na produtividade do feijoeiro. Em dois ensaios, as cultivares BRS-Pérola, BRS-Valente e Jalo Precoce foram semeadas em cinco épocas, entre abril e agosto de 2001 e 2002, em área experimental da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, próxima a uma estação meteorológica. Os ensaios foram instalados em sistema convencional de preparo de solo, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Características fisiológicas relacionadas a crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade foram correlacionadas com temperaturas e radiação solar incidentes no período. Aumentos na temperatura mínima, radiação solar e na taxa de absorção de N e diminuição na eficiência do uso de N, até o terceiro trifólio, foram correlacionados com redução na produtividade. Na fase de pré-floração, o subperíodo entre a emergência e o terceiro trifólio é o mais importante para a determinação do rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro.
Características físicas e germinação de sementes de Dyckia goehringii Gross & Rauh (Bromeliaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Duarte Edson Ferreira , Carneiro Iraídes Fernandes , Silva Natan Fontoura da , Guimarães Noga Neve Ribeiro
Published: October 2014

Dyckia goehringii Gross & Rauh é uma bromélia nativa do Cerrado, de alto potencial ornamental, devido à coloração prateada de suas folhas, e que ainda não foi explorada comercialmente, exigindo estudos para a sua conservação e aproveitamento agronômico. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características físicas e o comportamento fisiológico de sementes de D. goehringii, durante a embebição e a germinação, sob diferentes temperaturas, bem como determinar parâmetros de temperatura e de tempo para a realização de testes de germinação. Foram determinados os teores de água e massa de matéria fresca e seca de 100 sementes e avaliados a capacidade de embebição, germinação e vigor de sementes e de plântulas de sementes pequenas e grandes, sob temperaturas de 20ºC, 25ºC, 30ºC e 35ºC. Os resultados indicam que as sementes não apresentam impedimento à absorção de água e que esta é influenciada pelo tamanho das sementes. Sementes grandes apresentam maior germinação e vigor, originando plântulas mais vigorosas do que sementes pequenas, expressando melhor o seu potencial fisiológico à temperatura de 30ºC. As avaliações do teste de germinação devem ser realizadas no sétimo e décimo quarto dias após a semeadura.
Arranjo espacial, densidade e época de semeadura no acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes de três adubos verdes
Authors: Lima Juliana Domingues , Sakai Ronaldo Kazuo , Aldrighi Michel , Sakai Mauro
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de densidades de semeadura, arranjos espaciais e épocas de semeadura no acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes de Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna deeringiana e Cajanus cajan, em Pariquera-Açu, Vale do Ribeira (SP). Três experimentos foram conduzidos: 1) densidade de semeadura x adubos verdes, 2) arranjo espacial x adubos verdes e 3) época de semeadura x adubos verdes. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os primeiros experimentos arranjados em esquema fatorial e o terceiro em parcela subdividida. Quando as plantas atingiram 50% de floração, foram determinados o acúmulo de matéria seca, macronutrientes, micronutrientes e carbono orgânico na parte aérea. Maiores densidades de semeadura reduzem o acúmulo de matéria seca, B e Zn em Crotalaria juncea e Mucuna deeringiana; o acúmulo de P em Mucuna deeringiana e Cajanus cajan; e o acúmulo de N, S e Cu em todos os adubos verdes. O arranjo espacial não afeta o acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes. Com base no acúmulo de matéria seca e de nutrientes, Crotalaria juncea é a espécie mais eficiente para uso como adubo verde, quando semeada em novembro. Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna deeringiana e Cajanus cajan apresentam baixo desempenho na acumulação de matéria seca e nutrientes, quando semeadas em épocas tardias.
Controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho por meio de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência
Authors: Dan Hugo de Almeida , Barroso Alberto Leão de Lemos , Dan Lilian Gomes de Moraes , Finotti Thiago Rezende , Feldkircher Cleriston , Santos Vanessa Soares
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a eficácia do controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), cultivado em sistema plantio direto, em região de Cerrado, por meio da aplicação, em pré-emergência, de herbicidas. Foram realizados dois ensaios, no município de Montevidiu (GO), durante a safra 2007/2008, dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: atrazine (1.600 g ha-1), atrazine + s-metolachor (1.665 g ha-1 + 1.305 g ha-1), s-metolachor (1.680 g ha-1), atrazine + simazine (250 g ha-1 + 250 g ha-1) e testemunha com e sem a presença de plantas daninhas. Aos 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, constatou-se que os herbicidas atrazine e s-metolachor não foram eficientes no controle de Cenchrus echinatus e Alternanthera tenella, respectivamente. As associações entre os herbicidas atrazina + s-metolachor e atrazine + simazine proporcionaram incrementos significativos no controle de Euphorbia heterophilla e Alternanthera tenella. A presença de plantas daninhas influenciou negativamente na produtividade da cultura.
Avaliação do método químico de controle de papuã (Brachiaria plantaginea) sobre a produtividade do milho
Authors: Galon Leandro , Tironi Siumar Pedro , Ferreira Evander Alves , Aspiazu Ignácio , Pinto Jesus Juares Oliveira
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar o controle de Brachiaria plantaginea, com herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, e a influência destes na produtividade do milho híbrido Pioneer 3063. O experimento foi conduzido de outubro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007, no município de Capão do Leão (RS). Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em sistema de cultivo convencional, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo herbicida s-metolachlor (1.620 g ha-1) e pela mistura em tanque de atrazine + nicosulfuron (1.250 + 28 g ha-1), aplicados em pré e pós-emergência da cultura do milho, respectivamente, mais testemunha capinada e infestada. A população B. plantaginea originou-se do banco de sementes, com população média de 312 plantas m-2. As variáveis avaliadas foram o controle de B. plantaginea e os componentes do rendimento, bem como a produtividade de grãos de milho. O tratamento herbicida que proporcionou melhor controle da planta daninha foi a mistura de atrazine + nicosulfuron, aplicada em pós-emergência da cultura, mantendo-se o controle do início ao fim do ciclo da cultura. O herbicida s-metolachlor mostrou eficiência no controle inicial de plantas daninhas, até os 20 dias após a emergência da cultura. O não controle de B. plantaginea causou interferência em todas as variáveis avaliadas, apresentando limitação de produtividade de grãos de até 98%.
Controle de mancha-angular utilizando-se caldas fertiprotetoras em cultivo orgânico de feijoeiro irrigado
Authors: Carvalho Wellington Pereira de , Wanderley Alberto Luiz , Oliveira Charles Martins de
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de caldas fertiprotetoras, em dois intervalos de aplicação, no controle de mancha-angular causada por Phaeoisariopsis griseola, em sistema orgânico de produção, no período de inverno e sob irrigação por aspersão. O experimento foi desenvolvido a campo, com as cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Pérola e BRS Valente. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições, em que o primeiro fator correspondeu aos intervalos de aplicação (15 e 30 dias) e o segundo a caldas fertiprotetoras (bordalesa, sulfocálcica e calda elaborada com silicato Rocksil®) e testemunha sem controle da doença. Para a cultivar Pérola, apesar de a eficácia de controle da doença ser semelhante à da calda sulfocálcica, somente a calda bordalesa proporcionou acréscimo no rendimento de grãos de 17,7%, em relação à testemunha, propiciando rentabilidade de R$ 386,40 por hectare. Para a cultivar BRS Valente, as caldas bordalesa e sulfocálcica, aplicadas quinzenalmente, proporcionaram acréscimo ao rendimento de grãos de 25,0% e 21,8%, em relação à testemunha, além de apresentarem eficácia de controle de 62% da mancha-angular, propiciando rentabilidade de R$ 573,15 e R$ 464,10 por hectare, respectivamente.
Diversidade e abundância de artrópodes predadores associados a diferentes cultivares de algodoeiro
Authors: Costa Lílian Lúcia , Martins Ivan Carlos Fernandes , Busoli Antonio Carlos , Cividanes Francisco Jorge
Published: October 2014

Com o objetivo de estudar a abundância e a diversidade de artrópodes predadores associados à cultura do algodoeiro e analisar a influência de fatores meteorológicos, interações entre inimigos naturais e a dinâmica populacional de coccinelídeos associados à sua principal presa, o pulgão Aphis gossypii, um experimento foi realizado na região de Ipameri (GO), no Campus da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, constituídos pelas cultivares DeltaOPAL, FMX 966, FMX 993, FMX 910 e NuOPAL, em quatro repetições. Dentre os artrópodes observados na cultura do algodoeiro, os coccinelídeos e as aranhas foram os mais abundantes, nas cultivares avaliadas. As aranhas ocorreram em todo o ciclo do algodoeiro. Já os coccinelídeos aumentaram sua população, gradativamente, até 55 DAE, apresentando pico populacional aos 34 DAE, coincidindo com o pico populacional dos pulgões A. gossypii. Dentre os coccinelídeos observados nas cultivares em estudo, verificou-se que Scymnus spp. foi o gênero mais abundante no algodoeiro. Os pentatomídeos e forficulídeos predominaram dos 99 aos 128 dias após a emergência do algodão, período que corresponde à maior densidade de pragas-alvo destes insetos. Verificou-se que não houve influência dos fatores meteorológicos e nem interação negativa entre os artrópodes predadores.
A Transmission Right-of-Way as Habitat for Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut
Authors: Wagner David L , Ascher John S , Bricker Nelson K
Published: October 2014

Transmission line corridors in forested landscapes provide important early successional habitats for a taxonomically rich array of invertebrates. In this study, we investigated the wild bee diversity at 19 sites along a transmission line right-of-way in southeastern Connecticut over a 2-yr period. One hundred sixty-three species representing 31 genera—roughly 50% of the state's bee species—were captured over the course of the study. Richness estimates suggest total faunas of 152, 180, and 204 bee species for the bee bowl, net, and combined samples, respectively. One globally rare bee, Epeoloides pilosula (Cresson) (Apidae: Osirini), formerly thought to be extirpated in the United States, was recovered. Two rarely collected species, Melitta melittoides (Viereck) (Melittidae) and Colletes productus Robertson (Colletidae), were associated with maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina (L.) de Candolle) flowers. Four Bombus species known to have declined regionally, Bombus affinis Cresson, Bombus ashtoni (Cresson), Bombus pensylvanicus (DeGeer), and Bombus terricola Kirby, were not among the eight bumble bee (Bombus) species found. Our results underscore the importance of transmission line corridors as managed early successional habitat for wild bees, including rare species, in the largely forested landscapes of New England.
Application of a Modified Internet Shopper Lifestyle Scale to Taiwanese College-Age Sporting Goods Consumers
Authors: Chiu Weisheng , Kim Hyung-Hoon , Lee Young-Ae , Won Doyeon
Published: October 2014

We investigated segments of college-age online sporting goods consumers based on the dimensions of a modified Internet shopper lifestyle scale. Participants comprised a convenience sample of 1,187 Taiwanese university students who were online sporting goods consumers. The results confirmed
the dimensionality of the modified scale and provided strong empirical support for a 6-factor model comprising Internet convenience, Internet distrust, Internet window shopping, Internet logistics, bricks-and-mortar, and Internet offers. Next, using cluster analysis, we identified 3 groups
of college-age sporting goods consumers, whom we labeled shopping lovers, tentative shoppers, and suspicious shoppers. The characteristics of each segment were explored to aid in understanding online sporting goods consumers. These findings provide implications for sporting goods marketers,
who can tailor marketing strategies to each segment.
Mediating Role of Employee Emotions in the Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Employee Innovation
Authors: Zhou Juanmei , Ma Yueru , Cheng Weibo , Xia Bing
Published: October 2014

Although researchers emphasize that the construct of authentic leadership (AL) is relevant to resolving different kinds of failures and inadequacies of leadership, it remains unknown whether or not, and how, authentic leadership style intrinsically evokes employees' innovation. Using
multilevel data from 76 teams sourced from 5 enterprises in China, we applied hierarchical linear modeling and found a positive relationship between AL and employees' innovation. Employees' positive emotions were found to have a mediating effect in this relationship, whereas employees' negative
emotions did not act as a mediator. Our study results extend AL theory by revealing the cross-level effects of authentic leadership, and provide practical implications to help leaders perform relevant interventions in promoting employee innovation.
Teacher-Caregivers' Perceptions of Toddlers' Adaptation to a Childcare Center
Authors: Bang Yoo-Seon
Published: October 2014

I examined teacher-caregivers' perceptions of toddlers' adaptation to a childcare center in Korea. I also examined their experiences of their current practices related to toddlers' adaptation. Through in-depth interviews with 6 teacher-caregivers, the results showed that although the
basic format of the implemented adaptation programs was the same, the teacher-caregivers' actual practices differed depending on their perceptions. Some teacher-caregivers believed that their adaptation program allows toddlers to adapt easily to the center, and, thus, emphasized the teacher-caregivers'
role as providers of the program. In contrast, other teacher-caregivers focused on toddlers' emotions and ease of transition, and, thus, emphasized the teacher-caregivers' role as sensitive respondents to the toddlers' individual needs for adaptation. Based on my findings, implications are
discussed to facilitate toddlers' comfort as they transition to childcare centers.
High Construal Level Reduces Overoptimistic Performance Prediction
Authors: Yan Jin , Hou Songhui , Unger Alexander
Published: October 2014

Overoptimistic performance prediction is a very common feature of people's goal-directed behavior. In this study we examined overoptimistic prediction as a function of construal level. In construal level theory an explanation is set out with regard to how people make predictions through
the abstract connections between past and future events, with high-level construal bridging near and distant events. We conducted 2 experiments to confirm our hypothesis that, compared with people with local, concrete construals, people with global, abstract construals would make predictions
that were less overoptimistic. In Study 1 we manipulated construal level by priming mindset, and participants (n = 81) predicted the level of their productivity in an anagram task. The results supported our hypothesis. In Study 2, in order to improve the generalizability of the conclusion,
we varied the manipulation of the construal level by priming a scenario, and measured performance prediction by having the participants (n = 119) estimate task duration. The results showed that high-level construal consistently decreased overoptimistic prediction, supporting our hypothesis.
The theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.
The Effect of Self-Control Resource on Risk Preference
Authors: Yan Xiang-Hui
Published: October 2014

Individuals' self-control resource (SCR) determines the strength of their self-control, which affects risk preference in risky choice decision making. However, the role of SCR in evaluating risk preference is poorly understood. I designed 2 studies consisting of a laboratory experiment
in which participants were required to choose from 2 options in each of 4 risky-choice scenarios, to examine how variance in individuals' SCR level affected their risk preference. Results indicated that individuals showed a stronger risk preference when they had a higher SCR level than when
their SCR level was lower and that they showed less risk preference when their level of SCR was depleted. In accordance with these findings, I investigated the mechanisms of SCR level and variance and discussed the role of SCR in risky choice decision making.
The Power of Motivation–Goal Fit in Predicting Entrepreneurial Persistence
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Wu Sibin
Published: October 2014

We employed a longitudinal approach and surveyed a sample of 90 nascent entrepreneurs to test our hypothesis that because entrepreneurs differ in both motivation and organizational goals, it is the fit between organizational goals and need for achievement that is a more powerful predictor
of entrepreneurial persistence than is the combined effect of the 2. Our results support our hypothesis. Our findings contribute to both research on entrepreneurship and the theory of attraction–selection–attrition.
Spontaneous Self-Concept Among Chinese Undergraduates in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Marie , Chan Godfrey , Marcet Marcus M. , Wong Wilfred , Wong James , Wong David
Published: October 2014

We explored spontaneous self-concept among 227 Chinese undergraduates at a university in Hong Kong. Participants' responses to the Twenty Statements Test (TST) were compared with those of North American college students from the 1950s to the 2000s. The results showed that only 13.7%
of the Chinese students described themselves in terms of social roles, status, or group membership. In contrast, 84.6% perceived themselves in terms of personality traits, behaviors, and emotion. Our findings suggest that Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong are no less individualistic than
their American counterparts. Moreover, the individualism–collectivism cultural dimension may not be useful in distinguishing North American students from those in Hong Kong.
Is the US Workforce Prepared to Thrive in the Past or in the Future?
Authors: Burrus Daniel
Published: October 2014

Past education focused on the three Rs (reading, ‘riting and ‘rithmetic), but these no longer give humans an edge over advanced computers and automation systems. This is why we need to understand where the future is heading and better prepare both our current workforce as well as the future workforce for tomorrow's job market. Of the 3.4 million jobs that have been generated in the USA since the great recession, only 2% are mid-pay, middle-class jobs. Most are low pay. In other words, the middle-class jobs everyone deemed ‘safe’ did not come back. Because processing power is creating a digital explosion in computing ability to do more with less at a faster rate, and bandwidth is increasing exponentially, and storage is moving to the cloud, over the next five short years we will be transforming how we sell, market, communicate, collaborate, innovate, train and educate. As a result, we are going to see many jobs disappear, yet, at the same time, many current job definitions redefined as technology give us new and more efficient ways to do our old jobs. So what are we certain about in terms of the knowledge workforce? One of the things we can be certain of is the transformation that the trifecta will create. That is going to happen – guaranteed. And when it comes to a hard trend, if you do not like it, that is just too bad. You cannot change it. It is going to happen. Soft trends, on the other hand, can be changed. You can influence soft trends. So the transformation in education and training will happen. Whether a specific university, high school, middle school or elementary school embraces those changes is a soft trend. Regardless, the transformation will happen anyway.
Executive Compensation and Regulation-Imposed Governance: Evidence from the California Nonprofit Integrity Act of 2004
Authors: Dhole Sandip , Khumawala Saleha B. , Mishra Sagarika , Ranasinghe Tharindra
Published: October 2014

This study examines the impact of the California Nonprofit Integrity Act of 2004 on CEO compensation costs in affected organizations. Contrary to the stated objective of the Act that executive compensation is “just and reasonable,” we find that CEO compensation costs for affected nonprofits during the post-regulation periods have increased by about 6.3 percent when compared with a control group of comparable unaffected nonprofits. In addition, the relative increase in CEO compensation appears to come from nonprofits that have experienced greater regulatory cost increases. We do not find evidence that the Act resulted in a change in CEO pay performance sensitivity. The observed CEO pay increase is not systematically different across nonprofits that underpaid versus those that overpaid their CEOs during pre-Act periods. Overall, this paper highlights the unintended consequences of regulatory attempts to enhance governance in the not-for-profit sector.
Evaluation of dental age and associated developmental anomalies in subjects with impacted mandibular canines
Authors: Jain Shikha , Shetty K Sadashiva , Jain Shweta , Jain Sachin , Prakash A.T. , Agrawal Mamta
Published: October 2014

Objectives: 

To assess the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the rate of dental development and the occurrence of selected developmental anomalies related to shape, number, structure, and position of teeth between subjects with impacted mandibular canines and those with normally erupted canines.

Materials and Methods: 

Pretreatment records of 42 subjects diagnosed with mandibular canines impaction (impaction group: IG) were compared with those of 84 subjects serving as a control reference sample (control group: CG). Independent t-tests were used to compare mean dental ages between the groups. Intergroup differences in distribution of subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of selected dental anomalies were assessed using χ2 tests. Odds of late, normal, and early developers and various categories of developmental anomalies between the IG and the CG were evaluated in terms of odds ratios.

Results: 

Mean dental age for the IG was lower than that for the CG in general. Specifically, this was true for girls (P < .05). Differences in the distribution of the subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of positional anomalies also reached statistical significance (P < .05). The IG showed a higher frequency of late developers and positional anomalies compared with controls (odds ratios 3.00 and 2.82, respectively; P < .05).

Conclusions: 

The null hypothesis was rejected. We identified close association of female subjects in the IG with retarded dental development compared with the female orthodontic patients. Increased frequency of positional developmental anomalies was also remarkable in the IG.
Evaluation of long-term soft tissue changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients
Authors: Aydemir Halise , Efendiyeva Ruchengiz , Karasu Hakan , Toygar-Memikoğlu Ufuk
Published: October 2014

Objective: 

To assess soft tissues in the short and long term after bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients by comparing the hard tissue changes and results between time periods.

Materials and Methods: 

Twenty-six Class III adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before surgery (T1) and 5 months (T2), 1.4 years (T3), 3 years (T4), and 5 years (T5) after surgery.

Results: 

There was no significant relapse in skeletal parameters. Overjet was significantly reduced between T4-T3 time intervals (P < .01). There were significant increases in Sn-HR, ULA-HR, LLA-HR, B-B∧ (P < .01), and B∧-HR (P < .05) between T4-T3 time intervals. There was no significant change in the soft tissue parameters between T5-T4 time intervals.

Conclusion: 

Soft tissue vertical relapse occurs in skeletally stabile Class III bimaxillary surgery patients in the first 3 years after surgery.
Prognosis of Physical Function Following Ankle Fracture: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Beckenkamp Paula R. , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Chagpar Sakina , Herbert Robert D. , van der Ploeg Hidde P. , Moseley Anne M.
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Objectives

To quantify the prognosis of physical function following ankle fracture.

Background

Information about the course of recovery of physical function after ankle fracture is essential for patient care and health care policy. The existing data have not previously been included in a meta-analysis.

Methods

Studies were identified using searches of electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, AMED, SPORTDiscus) and gray literature to September 2012. Studies of people with traumatic ankle fracture were included. Two reviewers independently screened references for inclusion, then extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. The outcome of interest was physical function (physical activity and activity limitation). Outcomes were converted to a common 100-point scale, on which higher scores indicated better outcomes. Meta-regression was conducted using generalized estimating equations.

Results

Thirty-one studies (37 articles) were included. Adults with ankle fracture, present with significant activity limitation in the short term (mean at 1 month, 31.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.8, 45.1), recovered markedly but incompletely in the short to medium term (mean at 6 months, 78.3; 95% CI: 70.1, 85.1), and showed little further improvement in the long term (mean at 24 months, 86.6; 95% CI: 78.2, 95.0). Studies with older participants and predominantly male participants tended to report worse functional outcomes.

Conclusion

Adults typically experience a rapid initial recovery of physical function after ankle fracture (approximately 80% function at 6 months), but, on average, recovery remains incomplete 24 months after injury. PROSPERO registration number: 42012002979.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(11):841–851. Epub 30 September 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5199
Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Variable Molecular Composition: From 'Alchemical' Changes of State Functions to Rational Compound Design
Authors: Chang K. Y. Samuel , Von Lilienfeld O. Anatole
Published: October 2014

'Alchemical' interpolation paths, i.e. coupling systems along fictitious paths without realistic correspondence, are frequently used within materials and molecular modeling simulation protocols for the estimation of changes in state functions such as free energies. We discuss
alchemical changes in the context of quantum chemistry, and present illustrative numerical results for the changes of HOMO eigenvalue of the He atom due to alchemical teleportation – the simultaneous annihilation and creation of nuclear charges at different locations. To demonstrate
the predictive power of alchemical first order derivatives (Hellmann-Feynman) the covalent bond potential of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride is investigated, as well as the hydrogen bond in the water–water and water–hydrogen fluoride dimer, respectively. Based on converged
electron densities for one configuration, the versatility of alchemical derivatives is exemplified for the screening of entire binding potentials with reasonable accuracy. Finally, we discuss new constraints for the identification of non-linear coupling potentials for which the energy's Hellmann-Feynman derivative will yield accurate predictions.
Crossing the Boundaries within Computational Chemistry: From Molecular Dynamics to Cheminformatics and back
Authors: Riniker Sereina
Published: October 2014

The research in the group for computational chemistry at the ETH Zurich focuses on the development of methods and software for classical molecular dynamics simulations and cheminformatics, and their application to biological and chemical questions. Here, important advances and challenges
in these subfields of computational chemistry are reviewed and potential opportunities for cross-fertilization are outlined.
Lessons from Nature: Computational Design of Biomimetic Compounds and Processes
Authors: Bozkurt Esra , Ashari Negar , Browning Nicholas , Brunk Elizabeth , Campomanesa Pablo , Perez Marta A. S. , Rothlisberger Ursula
Published: October 2014

Through millions of years of evolution, Nature has accomplished the development of highly efficient and sustainable processes and the idea to understand and copy natural strategies is therefore very appealing. However, in spite of intense experimental and computational research, it
has turned out to be a difficult task to design efficient biomimetic systems. Here we discuss a novel strategy for the computational design of biomimetic compounds and processes that consists of i) target selection; ii) atomistic and electronic characterization of the wild type system and
the biomimetic compounds; iii) identification of key descriptors through feature selection iv) choice of biomimetic template and v) efficient search of chemical and sequence space for optimization of the biomimetic system. As a proof-of-principles study, this general approach is illustrated
for the computational design of a 'green' catalyst mimicking the action of the zinc metalloenzyme Human Carbonic Anhydrase (HCA). HCA is a natural model for CO2 fixation since the enzyme is able to convert CO2 into bicarbonate. Very recently, a weakly active HCA mimic
based on a trihelical peptide bundle was synthetized. We have used quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) Car-Parrinello simulations to study the mechanisms of action of HCA and its peptidic mimic and employed the obtained information to guide the design of improved biomimetic analogues.
Applying a genetic algorithm based optimization procedure, we were able to re-engineer and optimize the biomimetic system towards its natural counter part. In a second example, we discuss a similar strategy for the design of biomimetic sensitizers for use in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Chemicals Inducing Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development
Authors: Villedieu-Percheron Emmanuelle , Lachia Mathilde , Jung Pierre M. J. , Screpanti Claudio , Fonné-Pfister Raymonde , Wendeborn Sebastian , Zurwerra Didier , De Mesmaeker Alain
Published: October 2014

Seed germination and early seedling development are essential events in the plant life cycle that are controlled largely by the interplay and cross-talk between several plant hormones. Recently, major progress has been achieved in the elucidation at the molecular level of the signalling
of these phytohormones. In this review, we summarise the data for the most promising classes of compounds, which could find potential agronomic applications for promoting seed germination and early seedling development even under abiotic stress conditions. Structural modifications of plant
hormones are required to improve their biological performance and their specificity to allow commercial application.
Study on the temperature field loaded by a shaped laser beam on the top surface of a cylinder head for thermal fatigue test
Authors: Nie S.-Z. , Yu J. , Yu G. , Tan Q.-F. , Fan Z.-W.
Published: October 2014

In thermal fatigue test, the key point is whether the temperature field on the top surface of cylinder head induced by the heat source can well match it in real service. In order to produce the target temperature field in service which is measured by thermocouples, shaped laser beam generated by diffractive optics element (DOE) is chosen as the heat source to irradiate on the top surface of cylinder head. The DOE is designed based on the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm and the simulated temperature field is calculated by finite element model (FEM). The results show that the simulated and experimental temperature field can well match the target one which demonstrates that this method is feasible to produce the target temperature field and can be used in thermal fatigue test.
Scientific Background of Dairy Protein Digestibility: A Review
Authors: Shrestha Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2014

Recent advances have shown that differences in compositional, structural and physical properties of caseins and whey proteins affect their digestion and absorption behavior, hormonal response, satiety effect and other physiological effects. For example, the ingestion of whey protein cause fast, high and transient increase of amino acids ‘fast protein’, whereas casein induce slower, lower and prolonged increase of ‘slow protein’ in the gut. Knowledge of, and control over, the rate and nature of digestive breakdown of dairy proteins provides a potential basis for product/process innovation through identifying ingredients and formulations that provide desired nutrient delivery profiles. With this background, the aim of our current review paper is to understand the digestion behavior of various protein-rich milk powders and their potential use in formulation of dairy foods for controlled release of amino acids and energy. Currently available in vitro protein digestibility methods to measure or predict the dairy protein digestibility were also investigated. The author has also presented the preliminary results of ongoing study on in vitro digestion of various commercial proteins powders.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10560 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (1-8), 2012
Determination of Organic Acids in Wine and Spirit Drinks by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Regmi Umesh , Rai Krishna Prasad , Palma Miguel
Published: October 2014

This study outlines the use of FTIR with partial least square (PLS) method and data obtained from the reference method is used to establish a full calibration model for tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and acetic acid using all matrix. It was not possible to obtain only one calibration for all analysed samples, but in some cases individual calibrations for specific samples were needed. It was due to the different matrixes in the studies samples: 12-15% ethanol (wines), 30-40% ethanol (spirits). Due to this reason, a calibration model was developed for each acid in red and white wine, and acetic acid in spirit drinks. During validation, strong correlation with the reference values and great accuracy were demonstrated for the higher concentration range (>0.6 g/L) in all acids while inferior result was obtained in low range (<0.6 g/L). But good result was obtained in lower concentration level both in wine and spirits in acetic acid, which explains that calibration and validation of the FTIR spectrometry depends very strongly on the composition of the sample set and on the quality of the reference analysis. The correlations for organic acids could further be improved with a more complete well distribution data base and optimizing wavelengths. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10564   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (36-43), 2012
Effect of Combinative Pretreatments on Cellulose-to-Glucose Conversion of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch (EFB)
Authors: Timilsena Yakindra Prasad , Brosse Nicolas
Published: October 2014

Various methods of pretreatments were investigated to their effect on cellulose to glucose conversion efficiency on enzymatic hydrolysis of a tropical agro-industrial waste residue (empty palm fruit bunch, EFB). Four different kinds of combinative pretreatments (autohydrolysis with and without naphthol, dilute acid prehydrolysis, soda prehydrolysis and enzymatic prehydrolysis) were tested for delignification during the first and the second steps of pretreatment. Each prehydrolysis step was seconded by the organosolv delignification with the same conditions of pretreatment. It was observed that all the combinative methods were far more efficient in delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis ability as compared to its one step counter parts. The combinative pretreatment method involving dilute acid prehydrolysis followed by organosolv delignification revealed the best result with respect to lignin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis. The resultant pulp contained very low Klason lignin (~5%) with high sugar conversion ratio (64% total reducing sugars). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10613   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (81-85), 2012