bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Thermal Shock in Functionally Graded Plates with Finite Element Method
Authors: Burlayenko Vyacheslav N.
Published: July 2016

Thermomechanical behavior and crack propagation in a functionally graded metal/ceramic plate undergoing thermal shock are analyzed by using the finite element method. A two-dimensional plane strain functionally graded finite element has been developed within the ABAQUS software environment for this purpose. An actual material gradation has been accomplished by sampling material quantities directly at the Gauss points of the element via programming appropriate user-defined subroutines. The virtual crack closure technique is used to model a crack growth under thermal loading. Contact possible between crack lips during the crack advance is taken into account in thermomechanical simulations as well. The paper shows that the presented finite element model can be applied to provide an insight into the thermomechanical respond and failure of the metal/ceramic plate.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by UsingZiziphus nummulariaLeaves Aqueous Extract and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Khan Farhat Ali , Zahoor Muhammad , Jalal Abdul , Rahman Aziz Ur
Published: July 2016

Silver nanoparticles ofZiziphus nummularialeaves extract were synthesized and were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), SEM, TGA, and EDX. The XRD pattern reveals the FCC structure of Ag nanoparticles. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Ag-O bonding. UV-Visible spectroscopy results confirmed the existence of Ag because of the particular peak in the region of 400–430. The SEM analysis confirmed spherical and uniform Ag nanoparticles with diameter ranging from 30 nm to 85 nm. The EDX analysis revealed strong signals in the silver region and confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The antioxidant potential and antifungal and antimicrobial potential of the leaf extract and silver nanoparticles were also determined. The antioxidant property was determined using DPPH assay. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties were better for the silver nanoparticles than the aqueous leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of plant extract and prepared silver nanoparticles were also tested. The hair growth properties of plant extracts and their respective nanoparticles were observed and good results were noted for nanoparticles as compared to the leaf extract.
Incidental Findings on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Studies outside of the Maxillofacial Skeleton
Authors: Barghan Sevin , Tahmasbi Arashlow Mehrnaz , Nair Madhu K.
Published: July 2016

Objective. To define the presence and prevalence of incidental findings in and around the base of skull from large field-of-view CBCT of the maxillofacial region and to determine their clinical importance.Methods. Four hundred consecutive large fields of view CBCT scans viewed from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2014, were retrospectively evaluated for incidental findings of the cervical vertebrae and surrounding structures. Findings were categorized into cervical vertebrae, intracranial, soft tissue, airway, carotid artery, lymph node, and skull base findings.Results. A total of 653 incidental findings were identified in 309 of the 400 CBCT scans. The most prevalent incidental findings were soft tissue calcifications (29.71%), followed by intracranial calcifications (27.11%), cervical vertebrae (20.06%), airway (11.49%), external carotid artery calcification (10.41%), lymph node calcification (0.77%), subcutaneous tissue calcification and calcified tendonitis of the longus colli muscle (0.3%), and skull base finding (0.15%). A significant portion of the incidental findings (31.24%) required referral, 17.76% required monitoring, and 51% did not require either.Conclusion. A comprehensive review of the CBCT images beyond the region of interest, especially incidental findings in the base of skull, cervical vertebrae, pharyngeal airway, and soft tissue, is necessary to avoid overlooking clinically significant lesions.
Augmented Reality for Assistance of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Daniel Castillo , Ramos Olga
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work was the development of a surgical assistance system based on augmented reality to support joint replacement procedures and implantation of prosthetic knee. Images of the scene were captured in order to detect the visual markers located on the lateral surface of the patient’s leg for overlapping the 3D models of the prosthesis and the joint, as well as the tool used by the medical specialist. With the marker identification, it was possible to compute its position and orientation for locating the virtual models, obtaining a monitoring system for giving accurate information about the procedure. Also it can be used as training platform for surgeons, without having volunteers or patients for performing real surgeries; instead they can train in a virtual environment. The results have shown an efficient system in terms of cost-benefit relation, taking into account the materials used for developing the system; nevertheless, the accuracy of the algorithm decreases according to the distance between the markers.
The Sangre Por Salud Biobank: Facilitating Genetic Research in an Underrepresented Latino Community
Authors: Shaibi Gabriel , Singh Davinder , De Filippis Eleanna , Hernandez Valentina , Rosenfeld Bill , Otu Essen , Montes de Oca Gregorio , Levey Sharon , Radecki Breitkopf Carmen , Sharp Richard , Olson Janet , Cerhan James , Thibodeau Stephen , Winkler Erin , Mandarino Lawrence
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: The Sangre Por Salud (Blood for Health; SPS) Biobank was created for the purpose of expanding precision medicine research to include underrepresented Latino patients. It is the result of a unique collaboration between Mayo Clinic and Mountain Park Health Center, a federally qualified community health center in Phoenix, Arizona. This report describes the rationale, development, implementation, and characteristics of the SPS Biobank. Methods: Latino adults (ages 18-85 years) who were active patients within Mountain Park Health Center's internal medicine practice in Phoenix, Ariz., and had no history of diabetes were eligible. Participants provided a personal and family history of chronic disease, completed a sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral questionnaire, underwent a comprehensive cardiometabolic risk assessment (anthropometrics, blood pressure and labs), and provided blood samples for banking. Laboratory results of cardiometabolic testing were returned to the participants and their providers through the electronic health record. Results: During the first 2 years of recruitment into the SPS Biobank, 2,335 patients were approached and 1,432 (61.3%) consented to participate; 1,354 (94.5%) ultimately completed all requisite questionnaires and medical evaluations. The cohort is primarily Spanish-speaking (72.9%), female (73.3%), with a mean age of 41.3 ± 12.5 years. Most participants were born outside of the US (77.9%) and do not have health insurance (77.5%). The prevalence of overweight (35.5%) and obesity (45.0%) was high, as was previously unidentified prediabetes (55.9%), type 2 diabetes (7.4%), prehypertension (46.8%), and hypertension (16.2%). The majority of participants rated their health as good to excellent (72.1%) and, as a whole, described their overall quality of life as high (7.9/10). Conclusion: Collaborative efforts such as the SPS Biobank are critical for ensuring that underrepresented minority populations are included in precision medicine initiatives and biomedical research that seeks to improve human health and reduce the burdens of disease.
How Octogenarians with Bladder Cancer Are Treated in a Maximum-Care Hospital: The Real-Life Experience
Authors: Sikic Danijel , Wach Sven , Taubert Helge , Richterstetter Mario , Kunath Frank , Lieb Verena , Krause F. Steffen , Merten Ricarda , Ott Oliver , Fietkau Rainer , Wullich Bernd , Keck Bastian
Published: July 2016

Introduction: With increasing life expectancy, curative treatment of octogenarians with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) becomes more important. Materials and Methods: The treatment modalities of 276 octogenarians with UCB who were treated at the University Hospital of Erlangen between 1982 and 2011 were assessed retrospectively. Results: One hundred forty-six patients had non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) while 71 had muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). No data was available for 59 patients. Eighty-five (58.2%) of the 146 patients with NMIBC received transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) only, another 38 patients (26%) underwent additional intravesical therapy; and 8.9% were treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT), 4.1% with radiotherapy (RT), 1.4% with systemic chemotherapy and 1.4% with radical cystectomy (RC). Of the 71 patients suffering from MIBC, 39 (54.9%) received TURBT alone. A potentially curative therapy was performed on 31 of the 71 patients with MIBC (43.7%). Of these, 16 patients (51.6%) received RCT, 9 patients (29.0%) RT and 6 patients (19.4%) RC. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with MIBC had better median overall survival with curative treatment compared to TURBT alone (28 vs. 9 months; p < 0.001, log-rank test). Conclusions: By offering a wide range of treatment options, over 43% of octogenarians with MIBC received a curative therapy at a maximum care hospital.
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Peripelvic Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Ji Changwei , Yang Yang , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhang Gutian , Zhang Shiwei , Liu Guangxiang , Li Xiaogong , Guo Hongqian
Published: July 2016

Objective: The study aimed to report our experiences of laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomies on patients with peripelvic cystic renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). Methods: From July 2003 and October 2014, 18 patients with suspected peripelvic cRCCs underwent partial nephrectomies via an open or laparoscopic approach at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Patients' perioperative and oncological outcomes were analyzed and compared between the open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) groups. Results: Seven patients underwent OPNs, and 11 patients underwent LPNs for their peripelvic lesions. All procedures were performed successfully; no conversion to open surgery was encountered in the LPN group. There was no significant difference between the groups in mean operation time, blood loss, warm ischemia time or complication rates. The mean hospital stay in the LPN group was significantly shorter than in the OPN group (p = 0.004). The mean follow-up of the OPN and LPN group was 95.0 and 65.1 months, respectively. No local recurrence or metastasis has been noted during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Peripelvic cRCC represents an uncommon variant of RCCs; few cases have been reported addressing peripelvic cRCC treatment. Although technically challenging, LPN is an effective minimally invasive modality for treating peripelvic cRCC in experienced hands.
Fatigue Improvement after Switching Multiple Sclerosis Treatment from Interferon-β to Glatiramer Acetate in Clinical Practice
Authors: Meca-Lallana José , Hernández Luis , Caminero Ana Belén , Girón Juan Miguel , Cano-Orgaz Antonio , Carcelén-Gadea María , Muñoz Delicias , Durán-Ferreras Eduardo , Martín-Hernández Javier , Sánchez-de la Rosa Rainel ,   on behalf of the FATIGA Study Group
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: The immunomodulatory effect of glatiramer acetate may help in reducing multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue; however, evidence to prove this notion especially after switching from another immunomodulatory therapy is limited. We assessed the 6-month effect of glatiramer acetate on MS-related fatigue in patients switching from interferon-β (IFN-β) in clinical practice. Methods: This was an observational study including 54 patients with relapsing-remitting MS that showed moderate/severe fatigue primarily caused by MS before switching from IFN-β to glatiramer acetate and received glatiramer acetate for ≥6 months in daily practice. Study data were retrospectively collected through chart review at treatment switch and over the following 6 months on glatiramer acetate. Results: Over the 6-month administration of glatiramer acetate, scores on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale decreased: overall (p < 0.001), physical scale (p < 0.001), cognitive scale (p < 0.001), and psychosocial scale (p < 0.001). The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire showed improvements in work (p = 0.009) and other daily activity impairment (p < 0.001). Health-related quality of life as per the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale also improved: physical score (p < 0.001) and psychological score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with moderate/severe fatigue switching from IFN-β to glatiramer acetate may benefit from fatigue improvements that contribute to reduce their work/activity impairment and improve their quality of life.
Design and Rationale of ‘Tackling Acute Kidney Injury', a Multicentre Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Casula Anna , Lamming Laura , Mohammed Mohammed , Caskey Fergus ,   on behalf of the Tackling AKI Investigators
Published: July 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and associated with extremely poor outcomes. While strategies to tackle deficiencies in basic care delivery are advocated, robust testing of their effectiveness is also needed. The Tackling AKI study was designed to test whether a complex intervention (consisting of an e-alert, care bundle and education programme) can be successfully implemented across a range of UK hospitals, and whether this will deliver improved patient outcomes. This multicentre, pragmatic clinical trial will employ a cluster randomised stepped wedge design to study this in all adult patients who sustain AKI in the 5 participating hospitals over a 2-year period. The intervention will be supported by a comprehensive change management framework. Data collection will include patient outcomes, process measures and a qualitative assessment of barriers and enablers to implementation. This article describes the rationale and design behind the Tackling AKI study.
Influence of Statin Pretreatment on Initial Neurological Severity and Short-Term Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: The Fukuoka Stroke Registry
Authors: Ishikawa Hiromi , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Matsuo Ryu , Makihara Noriko , Hata Jun , Kuroda Junya , Ago Tetsuro , Kitayama Jiro , Nakane Hiroshi , Kamouchi Masahiro , Kitazono Takanari ,   on behalf of the Fukuoka Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: July 2016

Background: Statins have neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. However, associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and initial stroke severity and between the treatment and functional outcome remain controversial. This study aimed at determining these associations in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Among patients registered in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry from June 2007 to October 2014, 3,848 patients with ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset, who had been functionally independent before onset, were enrolled in this study. Ischemic stroke was classified as cardioembolic or non-cardioembolic infarction. Primary and secondary study outcomes were mild neurological symptoms defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≤4 on admission and favorable functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at discharge, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and study outcomes. Results: Of all 3,848 participants, 697 (18.1%) were taking statins prior to the stroke. The frequency of mild neurological symptoms was significantly higher in patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (64.1%) than in those without the treatment (58.3%, p < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that pre-stroke statin treatment was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65; p < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis in patients with dyslipidemia (n = 1,998) also showed the same trend between pre-stroke statin treatment and mild neurological symptoms (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.99-1.62; p = 0.06). In contrast, the frequency of favorable functional outcome was not different between patients with (67.0%) and without (65.3%) the treatment (p = 0.40). Multivariable analysis also showed no significant association between pre-stroke statin treatment and favorable functional outcome (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91-1.60; p = 0.19). Continuation of statin treatment, however, was significantly associated with favorable functional outcome among patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (multivariable-adjusted OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.16-4.00; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Pre-stroke statin treatment in ischemic stroke patients was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms within 24 h of onset. Pre-stroke statin treatment per se did not significantly influence the short-term functional outcome; however, continuation of statin treatment during the acute stage of stroke seems to relate with favorable functional outcome for patients with pre-stroke statin treatment.
Care Bundles for Acute Kidney Injury: Do They Work?
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Kolhe Nitin V.
Published: July 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and is associated with poor patient outcomes, which in some cases appear associated with deficiencies in the provision of care. Care bundles (CBs) are a structured set of practices designed to improve the processes of care delivery and ultimately patient outcomes, and there have been some demonstrations of their utility in areas such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and in sepsis management. While there is a strong rationale for their use, the evidence base around AKI CBs is small but growing. Here, we review the existing data on the effectiveness of AKI CB and discuss optimal approaches to their future study.
Notas sobre performance e representação na história do teatro brasileiro – uma dialética trágica
Authors: Delmanto Ivan
Published: July 2016

O artigo trata da teoria da performance no Brasil. Consideramos que tal importação, assolada por um processo histórico também ele altamente contraditório e desigual, gerou entre nós diversas manifestações teatrais fraturadas, que poderiam ser contempladas por um conceito ampliado de tragédia. Procuraremos identificar, nesses momentos decisivos, diversas manifestações de uma certa dialética trágica que, não obstante sua diversidade, poderia caracterizar esse processo como capaz de gerar obras tão dilaceradas quanto o tecido social que lhes corresponde.
Notas sobre o teatro brasileiro: uma perspectiva descolonial
Authors: Belém Elisa
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta questões relativas ao teatro brasileiro. Defendendo um pensamento fronteiriço, uma descolonização do pensamento e da subjetividade, discute-se a importância da valorização da literatura e das artes cênicas como saberes outros, cujas práticas instruem a produção de conhecimento teórico. Indica-se que a necessidade de criar pode servir como parâmetro para refletir sobre a presença simultânea da brincadeira e da representação, em diversas manifestações performativas e cênicas brasileiras.
Ensaio fotográfico – O Grande Teatro de Paucartambo
Authors: Pedraza Pilar
Published: July 2016

Ensaio fotográfico do Grande Teatro de Paucartambo
Corporalidade, musicalidade e aspectos sociais no congado Moçambiqueiro
Authors: Calixto Marques Maria Do Socorro , Silva Tatiane Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma breve análise do Congado Uberlandense, festa coletiva que reúne afrodescendentes e honra aos santos da Igreja Católica. A análise se concentra no sincretismo religioso, mas principalmente no que se refere às características musicais, corporais e sociais, tendo por base observações feitas em textos sobre cultura (Canclini), tradição (Arantes) e performance (Schechner).
O Grande Teatro de Paucartambo
Authors: Zapata Miguel Rubio Zapata Rubio
Published: July 2016

Este artigo resgata os avanços de uma investigação que vem ocorrendo há anos sobre a teatralidade andina, e sobre o modo como esta se faz presente nas festas tradicionais do Peru, nas quais são manifestadas noções ancestrais em permanente estado de transformação. O caso específico dessa teatralidade aqui descrita e examinada é o da festa da Virgem de Carmem, em Paucartambo, Cusco, Peru. As fotografias que acompanham este artigo são da fotógrafa Pilar Pedraza e formam parte da mostra fotográfica “O Grande Teatro de Paucartambo”
As casas e os corpos em manifestações expressivas tradicionais, sagradas e profanas na região do Distrito Federal e seu entorno
Authors: Veloso Jorge Das Graças
Published: July 2016

Este artigo trata de uma reflexão acerca de pesquisas que visam, porregistro e análises sobre tradições de Brasília e sua vizinhança, discutir,partindo do universo teórico da Etnocenologia, o que poderiam serdenominadas duas memórias brasilienses. Uma, recente, produzida apartir de narrativas que se consolidam desde a utilização primordial dochamado “Sonho de Dom Bosco”, e outra, antiga, localizada em manifestaçõesexpressivas tradicionais, sagracionais ou não, que ocorremtanto no quadrilátero do Distrito Federal quanto em seu entorno. Maisque demonstrar um sentimento de pertença a determinado grupo, essesritos, entretanto, são uma mobilização que se volta para a manutenção,ou mesmo a (re)criação, de práticas para que os sujeitos dessesmesmos grupos possam dizer que a elas pertencem.
Um estudo de caso ligado ao sexo em Python regius (Serpentes: Boidae), com novas ideias sobre a determinação sexual em Henophidia
Authors: Mallery Jr Christopher S. , Carrillo Maira M.
Published: July 2016

Em 2002, um herpetoculturista identificou uma característica fenotípica única, o Brilho Coral (Coral Glow - CG), em um píton-bola (Python regius), e realizou cruzamento do indivíduo para produzir descendentes com aparência similar. Além disso, como os herpetoculturistas descobriram em seguida, o padrão de herança para esta característica não obedeceu a herança mendeliana simples esperada. Machos CG filhos de machos CG produziram principalmente machos CG e fêmeas tipo selvagem (WT), e machos CG produzidos a partir de fêmeas CG originaram principalmente fêmeas CG e machos WT. A hipótese atual para explicar essas observações é a de que CG é uma característica dominante incompleta ligada ao sexo sujeita a recombinação em um sistema de determinação sexual do tipo XX/XY em píton-bola. Apresentamos aqui dados que demonstram o padrão observado de herança e submetemos esses dados a uma análise de ligação. Observamos um valor de logaritmo de probabilidades (LOD) > 179,1, uma evidência de que o fenótipo CG e o fenótipo ligado ao sexo estão em um estado de desequilíbrio de ligação. Apesar de pesquisadores anteriores terem assumido que todas as serpentes exibem heterogamia feminina, os mecanismos de determinação sexual em jibóias e pítons não foram identificados, e uma revisão da literatura relevante revela que a hipótese de heterogamia masculina em Henophidia é consistente com observações adicionais publicadas. Oferecemos uma interpretação alternativa das descobertas dos estudos de caso passados, em que pesquisadores relataram ter confirmado a existência de indivíduos WW viáveis de  Epicrates maurus e de Boa constrictor, e ainda discutimos as implicações da heterogamia masculina em Henophidia.
Vocalizações de Hypsiboas beckeri e H. stenocephalus (Anura: Hylidae), duas espécies do grupo de H. polytaenius do sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Martins Lucas B. , Giaretta Ariovaldo A. , Carvalho Thiago R. , Miwa Rafael Y.
Published: July 2016

A análise das vocalizações dos anuros é uma importante ferramenta taxonômica, especialmente em complexos de espécies morfologicamente similares. Hypsiboas beckeri e H. stenocephalus são sintópicas em sua localidade-tipo (Poços de Caldas, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil), e ambas pertencem ao grupo de H. polytaenius. Os cantos analisados dessas espécies mostraram que uma descrição acústica prévia de H. beckeri, de outra localidade, provavelmente representa uma espécie distinta. Os cantos de H. beckeri e H. stenocephalus topotípicas diferiram substancialmente um do outro e também poderiam ser diferenciados dos cantos de outras espécies do grupo H. polytaenius. Adicionalmente, apresentamos o primeiro registro de H. beckeri para o estado de São Paulo. O status de conservação de ambas as espécies estudadas varia entre as listas vermelhas disponíveis, e deveria portanto ser revisto no futuro de acordo com novas informações taxonômicas e de distribuição.
Introduction
Authors: Ferguson Susan , LeBaron Genevieve , Dimitrakaki Angela , Farris Sara R.
Published: July 2016

The 2011 Historical Materialism Conference in London saw the launch of a Marxist-Feminist set of panels. This issue is inspired by the success of those panels, and the remarkably sustained interest in reviving and moving beyond older debates and discussions. The special issue’s focus, Social-Reproduction Feminism, reflects and contextualises the ongoing work and engagement with that thematic that has threaded through the conferences in the 2010s. This Introduction provides a summary overview of the Social-Reproduction Feminism framework, situating it within Marxist-Feminist thinking and politics more generally, and calls on readers to consider its promise and potential as an historical-materialist approach to understanding capitalist social relations in terms of an integrated totality.
Reproduction and Resistance
Authors: Hall Rebecca Jane
Published: July 2016

In Northern Canada, Indigenous mixed economies persist alongside and in resistance to capital accumulation. The day-to-day sites and processes of colonial struggle, and, in particular, their gendered nature, are too often ignored. This piece takes an anti-colonial materialist approach to the multiple labours of Indigenous women in Canada, arguing that their social-reproductive labour is a primary site of struggle: a site of violent capitalist accumulation and persistent decolonising resistance. In making this argument, this piece draws on social-reproduction feminism, and anti-racist, Indigenous and anti-colonial feminism, asking what it means to take an anti-colonial approach to social-reproduction feminism. It presents an expanded conception of production that encompasses not just the dialectic of capitalist production and reproduction, but also non-capitalist, subsistence production. An anti-colonial approach to social-reproduction feminism challenges one to think through questions of non-capitalist labour and the way different forms of labour persist relationally, reproducing and resisting capitalist modes of production.
Situating Sexuality in Social Reproduction
Authors: Sears Alan
Published: July 2016

The years since the rise of gay liberation in 1969 have seen remarkable changes in the realm of sexuality. Lesbians and gay men have won important rights and attained a cultural visibility that would have been impossible to imagine even thirty years ago. Yet these rights are limited, and apply only to specific sections of those who face exclusion, discrimination or violence on the basis of their queerness in the realm of gender and/or sexuality.
Mobilizing Finance for redd+ After Paris
Authors: Streck Charlotte
Published: July 2016

In December 2015, more than 190 countries endorsed the Paris Agreement, an international framework to tackle climate change that aims to hold global temperatures well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. This paper evaluates options for the European Union (eu) and its Member States to support the implementation of the Paris Agreement through financing developing country efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation (redd+). A diverse range of options exists for the eu and its Member States to generate funds to provide finance for redd+ mitigation action. The paper evaluates options to mobilize long-term and predictable finance for redd+ through additional international mitigation commitments, international cooperation, and eu-level policy instruments. redd+ offers a unique opportunity for such additional mitigation action, considering that the negotiations defining redd+ are comparatively advanced and redd+ is already supported by implementation partnerships between developed countries and tropical forest countries.
Sustainable Access to Water for All: How to Conceptualize and to Implement the Human Right to Water
Authors: Gawel Erik , Bretschneider Wolfgang
Published: July 2016

After having adopted the un Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) in 2015 including once again the right to water (rtw) for all by 2030 implementation issues are growing in importance now. It is widely acknowledged that even eu Member States, in general, are faced with this challenge. However, any implementation of the rtw requires a sound specification first. Since the rtw commonly refers to enabling sufficient “access” to water the crucial question here is under what conditions “access” ever might be “denied”. Up to now, little progress has been made to give a clear and convincing answer to this question. This article offers an innovative analytical framework of “sustainable access” taking explicitly into account potential barriers to access that may or not refer to sustainability requirements themselves. Thus, social concerns are confronted with aspects of functionality. This allows for an explicit assessment of water supply situations with respect to the rtw in an overall sustainability framework which is particularly in line with the sdg approach.
The Polluter-Pays Principle and Site Ownership: the European Jurisprudential Developments and the Italian Experience
Authors: Goisis Francesco , Stefani Linda
Published: July 2016

Drawing upon the European Court of Justice jurisprudence on the Environmental Liability Directive, the present contribution intends to discuss the prospects for establishing a relation of coherence between the polluter-pays principle and remediation procedures; throughout the discussion, a particular attention will be dedicated to the legislative and jurisprudential perspective of Italy on the position of the soil owner with respect to remediation of pollution he did not contribute to. Recent jurisprudential developments conferred new impulse to the debate revolving around the scope and significance of the polluter-pays principle; in particular, ecj, case C-534/13 offers scope to discuss the possibility of, and profitability for, the codification of a benchmark for soil owner’s liability: the conferral of a “warranty position” to the soil owner may eventually be grounded on the assessment of his causal contribution by means of omission.
Validation of the names Piper sugandhi and Piper sugandhi var. brevipilis (Piperaceae)
Authors: SARNAGLIA JUNIOR VALDERES BENTO , FREITAS JOELCIO , DE LIRIO ELTON JOHN
Published: July 2016

Piper Linnaeus (1753:28) is a Pantropical genus that comprises about 2000 species (Quijano-Abril et al. 2006). This genus is economically important because is widely used as spice, as P. nigrum Linnaeus (1753:28) (black pepper) and as a medicinal plant across the world. Babu et al. (1993) described a new species and a variety to the genus from Southern India: Piper sugandhi Ravindran, Babu & Naik (1993:27) and P. sugandhi var. brevipilis Ravindran, Babu & Naik (1993:27). The authors provided diagnosis for the new species and variety, and compared it with the related taxa. However, they have indicated two gatherings as holotypes (a male and a female specimen) and according to Arts. 8.1 and 40.1 of the ICN these two names are not validly published (McNeill et al. 2012).
Catalogue of the mite family Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with the world key to the species
Authors: SILVA GUILHERME LIBERATO DA , METZELTHIN MAICON HENRIQUE , SILVA ONILDA SANTOS DA , FERLA NOELI JUAREZ
Published: July 2016

Members of the Tydeidae are cosmopolitan, soft-bodied, striated or reticulated mites that are reported to be mainly phytophages, mycophages, pollenophages, insect parasites or scavengers. This catalogue includes 328 species belonging to 30 genera, and their distributions and type habitat. Until now, Brachytydeus comprises the largest number of species with 200, followed by Tydeus, with 50 species, and Pretydeus and Pseudolorryia, with 12 species each. An updated list of the Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), a world key to the species and data on the zoogeographical distribution of the species are presented.
The birth fathers of adopted children: differences and continuities over a 30-year period
Authors: Clapton Gary , Clifton John
Published: July 2016

The history of adoption in the UK can be divided into two approximate eras: prior to 1980, ‘relinquished’ babies were placed with childless couples; post-1980, adoption was increasingly seen as an alternative permanence option for children in care. This article explores the changes and continuities in the experiences of one group of people in the adoption process over these two periods: birth fathers.

In the light of the dearth of research on this group, the authors compare their own studies of birth fathers from each era to identify constants and changes in birth father experiences and what can be learned for future adoption practice. The findings show that contemporary birth fathers are likely to be older, more vulnerable and more likely to have parented their child. It is suggested that while there is greater acknowledgement of the significance of fathers and today’s birth fathers have more legal rights than their predecessors (though not complete parity with mothers) and have more complex lives, services have yet to devise more inclusive practices.
Studies in the Efficacy of Motion Graphics: The Effects of Complex Animation on the Exposition Offered by Motion Graphics
Authors: Barnes Spencer R
Published: July 2016

Motion graphics (MGs) are utilized in various venues for the purposes of informing and entertaining audiences. Most graphics have intricate finishes and use complex animation to present visual explanations of subject matter (i.e. exposition) or to convey narratives. Within an MG complex animation is demonstrated by the use of dynamic virtual cameras and depth cues, the motion exhibited by the phenomenon being visually explained, and photorealistic rendering. Presently, very little empirical research exists on MGs in general or the effects of complex animation on the viewing experience associated with MGs. The goals of the quasi-experimental study presented in this article were to explore how viewers interact with expository graphics that provide visual explanations and to characterize this interaction according to a synthesis of two theories that address different aspects of the viewing experience. The results suggest that the MG viewing experience is dynamic and that complex animation can be beneficial to viewers.
The 3-D Animated Codescape: Imperfection and Digital Labor Zones in Wall-E (2008) and Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Authors: Wagner Keith B , Jang In-gyoo
Published: July 2016

Live-action film and video games share a presence and convergence in each media’s visuality and narrative storytelling; this is especially apparent over the last four decades – from Tron (1982) to Run Lola Run (1998) to The Beach (2000) and now ‘machinima’ as new computational genre cinema via Minecraft (2014). To complicate matters, only recently are cinema and video games now tropes in 3-D computer animation, with films such as Wall-E (Andrew Stanton, 2008) and Wreck-It Ralph (Rich Moore, 2012) absorbing these cultural relations. In this article, the authors explicate on two interwoven yet separable themes in the Walt Disney/Pixar films. First, they theorize aspects of the ‘imperfect aesthetic’ as connected to an audience and industry’s desire to aesthetically ‘deskill’ – as explained in John Roberts’s article ‘Art after deskilling’ (2010) – the image of its characters, in the process making the characters more vulnerable and thus more endearing. This imperfect aesthetic is typically associated with avant-garde animation or animated shorts, yet to link imperfection to 3-D computer animation illustrates a new visual tendency since the 2000s. Second, they draw on the scholarship of Maurizio Lazzarato to relate immaterial labor to what each character does in their animated worlds, what they call ‘digital labor zones’: the Wall-E robot is prone to affective labor while in Wreck-It Ralph, Ralph, the goofy villain, begins to question the reasons for his rampaging behavior and the labor behind such actions.
The Technologically Determined Decade: Robert Zemeckis, Andy Serkis, and the Promotion of Performance Capture
Authors: Bestor Nicholas
Published: July 2016

Between 2004 and 2011, Robert Zemeckis directed or produced five films – The Polar Express, Monster House, Beowulf, A Christmas Carol, and Mars Needs Mom – which utilized performance capture technology. Zemeckis and his effects team on The Polar Express refined the existing standards of motion capture to produce the more sophisticated performance capture, which allows for the digitization of an actor’s complete performance. This article charts two competing discourses that surrounded these films: the generally negative critical reception that saw the performance capture aesthetic as uncanny and creepy, and Zemeckis’ own promotion of the technology in industry interviews. Zemeckis’ early work with the technology is contrasted with Andy Serkis’ acclaim as a performance capture star, and how both men have worked as advocates for the technology, foregrounding their claims that performance capture could enhance or even revolutionize film production and, in particular, film acting.
Nose bleeds
Authors: Jayakody Nimeshi
Published: July 2016

Nose bleeds, also called epistaxes, are a common occurrence in the UK population. Approximately 60% of people experience an episode of epistaxis within their lifetime. Most epistaxes are benign and self-limiting, but occasionally they can be serious and potentially life-threatening. The following clinical review aims to address acute management of epistaxis, as well as the investigation and management of recurrent epistaxis.
Performance Mantra of the Regional Rural Banks: An Evaluation between the Pre-merger and Post-merger Era
Authors: Das Sulagna
Published: July 2016

This article makes an attempt to analyze the performance of these Regional Rural Banks in the pre-merger and post-merger period, with the help of published data of 15 years, collected from the annual reports and financial statements of the RBI and NABARD. The article is analytical in nature and is simply based on the secondary data. With the help of statistical tools like “ t-test” the article tried to find out whether the performance of these banks improved after amalgamation. SPSS software has been used for the analysis and interpretation purpose.
Misperceptions of unemployment and individual labor market outcomes
Authors: Cardoso Ana Rute , Loviglio Annalisa , Piemontese Lavinia
Published: July 2016

We analyze the impact of misperceptions of the unemployment rate on individual wages, using the European Social Survey. We follow a threefold strategy to tackle potential endogeneity problems, as the model includes the following: controls for worker’s ability, the regional unemployment rate, and country fixed effects. We estimate interval regression models. When subjective perceptions overstate the country unemployment rate, a one percentage point gap between the perceived and the actual rates reduces wages by 0.4 to 0.7 %. We discuss a potential mechanism. A pessimistic view of the labor market leads to concern over own employment prospects, lowering perceived bargaining power and reservation wages.
Dynamics of employment assimilation
Authors: Akay Alpaslan
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the dynamics of immigrants’ employment assimilation in comparison with the standard static assimilation model. When the effect of past employment experience on current employment possibilities differs between immigrants and natives, then the static assimilation model might produce biased and unrealistic predictions of the relative employment probabilities of immigrants. Using a high-quality panel dataset collected in Sweden and a state-of-the-art non-linear dynamic assimilation model, we find a large employment status persistence that substantially differs between immigrants and native Swedes. We show that failing to control for the differential past labor market experience leads to an incorrect account of the host country-specific human capital that results to a large overestimation (underestimation) of the short-run (long-run) marginal assimilation rates when using the standard static assimilation model.

JEL Classification: C33, J15, J61
About the Authors
Authors: Authors About
Published: July 2016

About the Authors
Doing God’s Work: The Missonary’s Task of Translation or Who Makes the Best Jesuits: Comparatists, World Literature Scholars, or Real Jesuits?
Authors: Figueira Dorothy
Published: July 2016

This paper takes as its point of departure the sixteenth-century Jesuit construction of Confucianism and the manufacture of the figure of Confucius in the form of translations of the Chinese classics. In examining the Jesuit policy of accommodation in Asia, I ask whether we might not view these efforts as precursors for the tasks we seek to perform as Comparatists and World Literature scholars. Like the Jesuits in China who sought to package Confucius, we seek to package the world by contextualizing form and argument, canonizing a body of work, producing creative readings sand projecting a vision onto the foreign Other. I focus in particular on the work of Matteo Ricci and his catechism, the Tianzhu shiyi, as a work of cultural mistranslation. I ask to what degree are our current critical readings of the Other not also failures. I question the purposes for which one “misreads”.
“The Translator Must...”: On the Estonian Translation Poetics of the 20th Century
Authors: Lotman Maria-Kristiina , Sütiste Elin
Published: July 2016

The paper outlines the main features of Estonian translation poetics in the 20th century, examining the expression of the prevalent ideas guiding literary translation in writings about translation (mostly reviews and articles) in juxtaposition with examples from actual translations. The predominant ideal of translating verse and prose has been that of artistic translation, especially since the end of the 1920s. On the other hand, this general principle can be shown to have had somewhat differing emphases depending on the field of application as well as time period, ranging from the mostly form-oriented to mostly content-oriented translation.
Fetching Poems from Elsewhere: Ciaran Carson’s Translations of French Poetry
Authors: McIlfatrick-Ksenofontov Miriam
Published: July 2016

Ciaran Carson is a renowned Northern Irish poet with a distinguished record of translating poetry from Irish, Italian and French. This article focuses on his translation practice as evidenced in his three volumes of French poetry in translation: sonnets by Baudelaire, Mallarmé and Rimbaud; prose poems by Rimbaud; and poems by Jean Follain. Guided by the music, the matter, and the linguistic and ontological going-beyond of the originals, Carson variously ‘adapts’ prose poems to a rhyming alexandrine format, makes explicit use of derivation, shifts spatio-temporal perspective, and ‘doubles’ his French translations with English originals. Carson’s approach of ‘fetching’ poems from ‘elsewhere’ is assessed in the light of Meschonnic’s poetics of translation, which would define the overarching objective as producing new poems in English which do in English what the originals do in French. The analysis of Carson’s new poems is also informed by conceptualizations of creativity and originality arising from research in cognitive science, literary studies and critical theory. Carson’s practice of working under constraints suggested by the original poems and exploiting possibilities offered by and between the two languages leads to an expressive plurality that unsettles notions of source and target language. His translation artefacts and commentaries are examined for the light they shed on originality and derivation; writing and translating; the subjectivity of the translator; and the relationship between original poem and new poem.
Intended Fallacies: Lowered Horizons, Ideological Inversions and Employed Intimacy. Translating Judita Vaičiūnaitė’s Early Poetry into Russian
Authors: Bernotienė Gintarė
Published: July 2016

The case of the translations of Lithuanian poetess Judita Vaičiūnaitė (1937–2001) early poetry into Russian clearly illustrates the damages an original literary text (and the author’s institution) bore seeking to gain a statewide readership. In this article the Soviet translational practice of the 1960s is discussed as a phenomenon typical of Soviet literature when intentional rewriting, expurgation and ideological remakes of the authorial text were considered to be normal.The lowered horizons when translating the minor nationality’s original poetry, notable ideological inversions and the use of the source text in the most general scheme of the plot in Vaičiūnaitė’s early poetry translations into Russian, and even intimacy used in favour of ideological records marked not only the weakness and incompetence of amateur translators but also the pressure of the censoring institutions upon the author. The invisible chains of Soviet literary patronage demonstrated that the aesthetic value of the original and its translations for the publishing and propaganda industry of that time were of secondary importance. Wishing to spread their work to the wider circle of the Soviet readers and to strengthen the symbolic power, most often authors used to agree to the substitutions and editorial interventions into the authorial text. The interactions between the propagandist-educational character of the translations of that time and the artistic aims of the translational process in Soviet literary criticism were discussed later, after the revision of the Soviet heritage, evaluating the role of literature as a servant of the Soviet power machine.The fact that Vaičiūnaitė publicly never mentioned her early poetry translations into Russian reveals her attitude towards the prevalent translational practice: it was negatory as well as instrumental. Having agreed with the imprints of the Soviet literary patronage on the translations of her texts, she took the step gaining personal legitimisation in the state-wide Soviet literary universe.