bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil sócio-epidemiológico demográfico das mulheres idosas da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade no estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Barreto Kátia Magdala Lima , Carvalho Eduardo Maia Freese de , Falcão Ilka Veras , Lessa Fábio José Delgado , Leite Valéria Moura Moreira
Published: October 2007

OBJETIVOS: identificar o perfil sócio-epidemiológico demográfico das mulheres idosas que freqüentam o Programa Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UnATI/UFPE), comparando com determinados estudos sobre universidades da terceira idade. MÉTODOS: estudo epidemiológico descritivo de corte transversal e censitário com 308 idosas, a partir dos 60 anos, do UnATI/UFPE. Foi utilizado um instrumento multidimensional, o Brazil Old Age Schedule composto por um questionário estruturado, através do qual investigou-se a situação pessoal e familiar, a condição econômico-social e os aspectos relativos à autonomia e independência funcional para o desempenho das atividades de vida diária e à ocupação do tempo livre. RESULTADOS: em relação à situação pessoal e familiar, predominam as idosas jovens (60 a 69 anos), com escolaridade de segundo grau completo, cuja maioria é viúva; referem satisfação com a vida; apresentam importantes níveis de autonomia e independência funcional; são capazes de realizar sozinhas as atividades de vida diária e as atividades instrumentais vida diária. A maior parte oferece a seus familiares ajuda financeira e de moradia. CONCLUSÕES: os perfis sócio-epidemiológico e demográfico são bastante semelhantes aos de experiências análogas, aproximando-se da realidade de mulheres idosas que participam de outros programas do tipo Universidades Abertas à Terceira Idade.
Comparação de três critérios de classificação de sobrepeso e obesidade entre pré-escolares
Authors: Bueno Milena Baptista , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: October 2007

INTRODUÇÃO: Não há consenso sobre o critério diagnóstico para sobrepeso e obesidade infantil. Os mais utilizados são os recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e pelo International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), diferenciando-se no índice (IMC ou escore-Z), população (americana ou agregando outras) e/ou concepção. OBJETIVOS: comparar os 3 critérios de classificação do estado nutricional em uma amostra representativa de pré-escolares matriculados em creches públicas de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: 21 creches públicas do município de São Paulo e 676 crianças de 2 a 7 anos foram sorteadas aleatoriamente por um processo de amostragem por conglomerados em duas etapas. Cada criança foi classificada segundo os 3 critérios e a concordância entre os indicadores foi avaliada pela estatística de Kappa. A prevalência de sobrepeso, classificada pelos critérios da OMS, CDC e IOTF, foi de 18,6%, 13,2% e 12,2%, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se oscilação na diferença dos valores de prevalência de sobrepeso entre 2,7 a 12,4 e obesidade entre 3,7 a 5,4 pontos percentuais. Destacou-se o índice proposto pelo CDC quando comparado ao IOTF, principalmente entre obesos do sexo masculino, sendo o CDC até 2,6 maior. A concordância foi baixa (k < 0,40) somente entre sobrepesos do sexo masculino classificados segundo o CDC e IOTF. CONCLUSÃO: a comparação entre os estudos que utilizam diferentes critérios de classificação do estado nutricional deve ser realizada cautelosamente.
Análise de implantação das áreas estratégicas da atenção básica nas equipes de Saúde da Família em município de uma Região Metropolitana do Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Cavalcante Maria das Graças Santos , Samico Isabella , Frias Paulo Germano de , Vidal Suely Arruda
Published: October 2007

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a implantação das áreas estratégicas da atenção básica nas Equipes de Saúde da Família em Camaragibe, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODOS: pesquisa avaliativa, tipo análise de implantação mediante estudo de caso único com um nível de análise. Foram avaliados o grau de implantação e sua influência nos resultados finais. RESULTADOS: grau de implantação considerado implantado para saúde da mulher, controle da hipertensão, diabetes, e eliminação da hanseníase, e tuberculose; parcialmente implantado para saúde da criança; não implantado para saúde bucal. O conjunto das áreas estratégicas foi parcialmente implantado. Quanto à compatibilidade entre grau de implantação e resultados, verificou-se coerência para as ações de saúde da mulher, controle da hipertensão e diabetes. Para as demais ações nem sempre a elevada adesão às normas pelos serviços de saúde se traduziu em indicadores de resultado favoráveis. A relação da implantação da área de saúde bucal com os resultados ficou impossibilitada pela insuficiente cobertura no município. CONCLUSÕES: grau de implantação parcialmente implantado para o conjunto das áreas estratégicas e indicadores de saúde do município endossa a opção de prosseguir no desenvolvimento desse modelo de atenção à saúde e a necessidade de superar os pontos críticos identificados.
Uma análise da negociação de uma perspectiva tecnológica
Authors: Paula Melise Maria Veiga de , Souza Jano Moreira de
Published: October 2007

A economia atual define um cenário no qual é indispensável firmar acordos, parcerias e alianças, sendo necessária uma constante negociação. Ao contrário de épocas anteriores, em que a comunicação era feita face a face, atualmente estamos diante de um novo contexto, em que as pessoas interagem, cada vez mais, apoiadas pela tecnologia. Este fato tem influenciado a forma como as relações sociais são estudadas, e a negociação é uma das formas de relação social que tem sido influenciada por estas mudanças. Ainda que seja uma propensão mundial a adoção de sistemas como suporte à negociação, todavia, existem algumas dúvidas a respeito dos benefícios da tecnologia neste processo. Deste modo, o que constitui a essência deste trabalho é uma análise dos principais aspectos que envolvem a negociação, com o objetivo de identificar os diferentes mecanismos para apoiar o processo, de forma eficiente, através de recursos tecnológicos.
Clinical Evaluation of the Combination of Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix/Cell‐Binding Peptide (P‐15) in Particulate and Hydrogel Form as a Bone Replacement Graft Material in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects: 6‐Month Reentry Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Matos Sérgio M. , Guerra Fernando A. , Krauser Jack , Marques Francisco , Ermida Jorge M. , Sanz Mariano
Published: October 2007

Background: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial study compared the clinical outcomes of the biomaterial anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell‐binding peptide (ABM/P‐15) as a biocompatible hydrogel carrier consisting of carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol or in particulate form when used as a bone replacement graft in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects.

Methods: Nineteen patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were recruited. All patients had at least two non‐adjacent intrabony osseous defects ≥3 mm after completion of cause‐related periodontal therapy. The surgical procedures included access flaps for root instrumentation and filling the defect with ABM/P‐15 in hydrogel or particulate form. Reentry access flap surgery was performed at 6 months. Changes in soft and hard tissue outcome measurements between baseline and 6 months were evaluated in all defects.

Results: At 6 months, no significant differences between ABM/P‐15 hydrogel and ABM/P‐15 particulate were demonstrated for the amount of defect fill (3.10 ± 0.85 mm [75.0%] versus 3.09 ± 1.11 mm [73.7%], respectively) or defect resolution (85.8% versus 81.9%). Changes in soft tissue clinical outcomes did not show significant differences between the treatments.

Conclusion: This trial failed to demonstrate superiority of the novel ABM/P‐15 hydrogel therapeutic modality over the standard ABM/P‐15 particulate graft in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.
Sinus Floor Augmentation With Simultaneous Implant Placement in the Severely Atrophic Maxilla: Technical Problems and Complications
Authors: Mardinger Ofer , Nissan Joseph , Chaushu Gavriel
Published: October 2007

Background: A one‐stage surgical technique has been adopted that allows simultaneous implant placement in as little as 1 to 2 mm of residual bone. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe results and complications in sinus augmentation of severely atrophic edentulous maxillae in patients with 1 to 3 mm residual bone height and compare them to a group of patients treated following the standard protocol with residual bone height >4 mm.

Methods: The study consisted of a study group (N = 25) and a control group (N = 30). All patients were consecutive admissions treated for one‐stage sinus augmentation by one surgeon during the years 2001 to 2005. Patients' medical files were reviewed mainly regarding operative technical problems and complications.

Results: Included in the study were 60 sinuses and 164 simultaneous implants placed in grafted maxillary sinuses. Eight implants failed, seven of which were in the study group; three were in heavy smokers with residual bone of 1 to 3 mm. The success rate was 92% for the study group and 98.7% for the control group. A borderline statistically significant difference was found in the success rates between the groups using the Fisher exact test (P = 0.069).

Conclusion: Sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement can be used to treat the atrophic maxilla in patients with 1 to 3 mm of vertical residual bone height when careful case planning and surgical techniques are used.
Carbon Storage and Minesoil Properties in Relation to Topsoil Application Techniques
Authors: Jacinthe Pierre-André , Lal Rattan
Published: October 2007

Reclaimed minelands could act as C sinks, but shallow soil, nutrient deficiency, and compaction could limit C accretion in these ecosystems. This study evaluated the impact of topsoil application techniques on total C storage (tree biomass and soil organic C [SOC]) in 15‐yr‐old experimental plots established on reclaimed land in southeastern Ohio. Treatments included topsoil (graded overburden [OV] and standard [ST] and ripped topsoil [RT]) and P fertilization (0 and 2.24 Mg ha−1 of rock phosphate). One half of each plot was planted with Austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. nigra) and the other half with green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall). A significant effect of topsoil application on tree growth and SOC was noted. In green ash plots, aboveground biomass was always <3.4 Mg C ha−1, but in Austrian pine stands it averaged 10.3, 15.2, and 2.1 Mg C ha−1 in the ST, RT, and OV plots, respectively. The pool of recent SOC (after discounting geogenic C) was in the order: ST (34.9 Mg C ha−1) > RT (29.8 Mg C ha−1) > OV (17.8 Mg C ha−1). The lower SOC in RT than in ST plots was attributed to enhanced C mineralization by soil ripping, but with the fast‐growing Austrian pine, this SOC deficit was compensated by a greater (by 4.9 Mg C ha−1) standing tree biomass in the RT plots, resulting in comparable total C storage with either ST or CT. With the slow‐growing green ash, however, total C storage was significantly lower in RT (27.9 Mg C ha−1) than in ST (37.4 Mg C ha−1) plots. Thus, the impact of topsoil application technique on C storage in these aggrading ecosystems is largely determined by tree growth and productivity.
A New Approach to Estimate Ion Distribution between the Exchanger and Solution Phases
Authors: Li Hang , Wu Laosheng
Published: October 2007

Currently there are two approaches to treat ion exchange equilibrium between the exchanger phase and solution phase: the chemical reaction equilibrium and the Donnan equilibrium. Nevertheless, theoretical calculation of the ion distribution between these two phases remains impossible using these two approaches because of the difficulty in obtaining the activity coefficient of an ion in the exchanger phase for a solution mixture containing two or more types of electrolytes. Our analysis of ion diffusion in an electric field showed that the exchange process of electrostatic adsorption can be treated as a diffusion process. A new equilibrium equation was obtained by treating ion exchange as a diffusion process. The new equation can be used to predict the ion distribution between the exchanger and solution phases without knowing the activity coefficients of the adsorbed ions. The new approach was tested and verified using published experimental data for a Na–Ca‐illite system. The experimental data and the theoretical predictions matched very well. The new ion distribution equation can provide another way to calculate ion exchange equilibrium for a well‐dispersed suspension of dilute bulk solution containing two types of electrolytes.
Animal Manure Reduces Aluminum Toxicity in an Acid Soil
Authors: Tang Y. , Zhang H. , Schroder J. L. , Payton M. E. , Zhou D.
Published: October 2007

Manures are believed to be an effective treatment to reduce Al toxicity in acidic soils. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of feedlot manure (FM) and poultry litter (PL) on soil Al status and wheat growth. Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. var. Custer), was planted in a manure amended Teller (fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustoll) fine sandy loam soil and relationships between soil pH, organic carbon (OC), and P added in the manure, 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2 extractable Al (AlCaCl2), 1.0 mol L−1 KCl exchangeable Al (AlKCl), and wheat growth were investigated. An acidic surface soil was mixed with five levels of FM and PL and incubated for 30 d in an environmentally controlled growth chamber before wheat was planted. Wheat was grown for 35 d and harvested for aboveground dry matter. Both PL and FM increased soil pH, reduced AlCaCl2 and AlKCl, and increased wheat biomass. Wheat biomass was positively correlated with soil pH (r = 0.76), OC added (r = 0.63), and P2O5 added (r = 0.87) but was negatively correlated with AlCaCl2 (r = −0.83) and AlKCl (r = −0.87). Path analysis showed significant direct effects (p < 0.01) between wheat growth and OC added and P2O5 added. The direct effects of soil pH, AlCaCl2, and AlKCl were not significant (p > 0.05) but the indirect effects of OC added and P2O5 added were important contributors to the correlations between wheat biomass and soil pH, AlCaCl2, and AlKCl These two animal manures have the potential to reduce Al toxicity in acidic soils but need to be further evaluated at a field scale.
Investigation of Wound Healing after Paranasal Sinus Surgery with Time Lapse Video—A Pilot Study
Authors: Weber Rainer , Keerl Rainer , Huppmann Andreas , Schick Bernhard , Draf Wolfgang
Published: October 2007

We describe a new method of documentation of the dynamics of the nature of wound healing after endonasal paranasal sinus surgery. This was not possible until now and is achieved by the computer-assisted interpolation known as morphing. We evaluated six patients with chronic polypoid sinusitis of similar extent who underwent 12 complete endonasal micro-endoscopic pansinus operations. It is difficult to describe the overlapping and meshing phases sufficiently in words. They are much more easily understood by looking at the whole process in its natural dynamic on a video screen. Wound healing after complete endonasal pansinus operation lasts over 6 months. Scar remodelling has not yet finished at this time. The following measures are recommended for decreasing postoperative granulations, edema, and swelling: minimizing the surgical trauma, long-term packing with an occlusive, nonadherent material (rubber finger packing), and topical steroids (Budesonide).
Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Monolithic Macroporous Polymers
Authors: Yan Q. Z. , Lu G. D. , Zhang W. F. , Ma X. H. , Ge C. C.
Published: October 2007

A frontal polymerization method is used to produce highly porous polymer monoliths. The method is an approach to polymer synthesis that exploits the heat produced by the reaction itself. This heat triggers polymerization of neighboring monomer molecules, leading to a self‐sustaining hot front, which propagates along the reacting vessel. Dissolved or microencapsulated foaming agents are decomposed only at the fronts, synchronizing the polymerization and the foaming. The ultimate pore structures appear to depend on the polymerization‐front velocity and temperature. The resultant materials are porous, exhibiting tunable pore volume and a multimodal pore size distribution. No organic solvents or high‐pressure equipment are used in the process, and no solvent residues are left in the resulting materials. Specifically, this route allows for the synthesis of large‐scale samples with the additional advantages of high velocity, low energy cost, and the avoidance of multiple process steps. Substitution of hydrophilic acrylamide, N‐isopropylacrylamide, with hydrophobic styrene and methyl methacrylate also leads to porous monolithic materials, suggesting that frontal polymerization represents a powerful and facile method for an exothermic polymerization reaction and the creation of porous polymers.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Interfaces with Dissimilar Thermo‐responsive Behavior for Controlling Ion Permeation and Immobilization
Authors: Zhou J. , Liu J. , Wang G. , Lu X. , Wen Z. , Li J.
Published: October 2007

Stimuli‐responsive polymer interfaces with tethered poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) chains and its cross‐linked porous hydrogel as sensitive phases were fabricated by cycling an electronic potential in aqueous solution. Surface morphological analysis and electrochemical measurements revealed that, owing to their different novel structures, the PNIPAm chain‐modified interface showed ON/OFF switch behavior, whereas the PNIPAm gel‐modified interface exhibited a ‘breathing in' process. The results suggest that the interfacial physicochemical properties, which are greatly affected by the graft conformations and topologies of PNIPAm on the substrates, could be effectively modulated by easily varying the synthesis conditions and are investigated by simple electrochemical methods. The results also demonstrate that the ON/OFF switch behavior of the PNIPAm chain‐modified interface has potential applications in controlled ion/molecule permeation, and the ‘breathing in' mechanism of the gel‐modified interface might be applied to immobilize ions or nanoparticles. These thermo‐sensitive interfaces might be used to design adaptive/responsive biocompatible surfaces in a variety of areas.
Growth of Magnetic Yard‐Glass Shaped Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Periodic Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Z.‐G. , Zou J. , Li F. , Liu G. , Tang D.‐M. , Li D. , Liu C. , Ma X. , Cheng H.‐M. , Lu G. Q. , Zhang Z.
Published: October 2007

Novel yard‐glass shaped boron nitride nanotubes (YG‐BNNTs) periodically filled with Fe nanoparticles were synthesized by a catalytic reaction process of ammonia with boron precursors at 1300 °C. Such novel structures were extensively characterized using X‐ray diffraction and advanced electron microscopy. The Fe‐filled boron nitride nanotubes show excellent ferromagnetic properties at room temperature with superior chemical stability. A growth model is proposed for the formation of such novel BN nanostructures.
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Oxygen Sensing Films through Doping with High Dielectric Constant Particles
Authors: Zhou Z. , Shinar R. , Allison A. J. , Shinar J.
Published: October 2007

A uniquely simple approach to increase the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) of dye‐doped sensor films is demonstrated for oxygen sensors, where the sensor film, i.e., Pt or Pd octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP or PdOEP, respectively)‐doped polystyrene, is additionally doped with small‐size particles that have a high dielectric constant, such as 360 nm‐diameter titania (TiO2) particles. When excited by an organic light emitting device (OLED), the dye PL intensity increases up to ∼ 10 fold, depending on the TiO2 concentration and the excitation source. The enhanced PL is attributed to light scattering by the embedded particles and possibly by voids in the film. The particles scatter the light that excites the PL, increasing the optical path of the exciting light and consequently the absorption of that light and the PL. The particles can also result in an increase in the PL outcoupling, reducing waveguiding to the film edges. The increased PL results in an improved signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio in oxygen monitoring, without any deterioration or change in the response time or the long‐term stability of the sensor films. In addition, at a given O2 level, the dye PL decay time τ increases in the presence of the particles, but is independent of their concentration in the measured range. The improved S/N can improve the analyte limit of detection, allow shortened data acquisition times, and enable the use of low‐intensity excitation sources to minimize potential dye photobleaching. In particular, it improves the performance of structurally integrated OLED‐based chemical and biological sensors, which are drawing increasing attention due to their uniquely simple and flexible integration geometry.
Elaboration of P3HT/CNT/PCBM Composites for Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Berson S. , de Bettignies R. , Bailly S. , Guillerez S. , Jousselme B.
Published: October 2007

This Full Paper focuses on the preparation of single‐walled or multi‐walled carbon nanotube solutions with regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a fullerene derivative 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl) propyl‐1‐phenyl[6,6]C61 (PCBM) using a high dissolution and concentration method to exactly control the ratio of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the P3HT/PCBM mixture and disperse the CNTs homogeneously throughout the matrix. The CNT/P3HT/PCBM composites are deposed using a spin‐coating technique and characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and by atomic force microscopy to underline the structure and the charge transfer between the CNTs and P3HT. The performance of photovoltaic devices obtained using these composites as a photoactive layer mainly show an increase of the short circuit current and a slight decrease of the open circuit voltage which generally leads to an improvement of the solar cell performances to an optimum CNT percentage. The best results are obtained with a P3HT/PCBM (1 : 1) mixture with 0.1 wt % multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.57 V, a current density at the short‐circuit (Isc) of 9.3 mA cm–2 and a fill factor of 38.4 %, which leads to a power conversion efficiency of 2.0 % (irradiance of 100 mW cm–2 spectroscopically distributed following AM1.5).
Multifunctional Nanocrystalline Thin Films of Er2O3: Interplay between Nucleation Kinetics and Film Characteristics
Authors: Losurdo M. , Giangregorio M. M. , Capezzuto P. , Bruno G. , Toro R. G. , Malandrino G. , Fragalà I. L. , Armelao L. , Barreca D. , Tondello E. , Suvorova A. A. , Yang D. , Irene E. A.
Published: October 2007

In this study, thin films of Er2O3 are deposited by low‐pressure metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)erbium precursor and O2 on various substrates, including p‐type Si(100), Si(111), Corning glass, and c‐axis‐oriented α‐Al2O3(0001). The resulting films are extensively characterized in order to demonstrate their applicability as antireflective and protective coatings and as high‐k gate dielectrics. The interplay existing among the substrate, the nucleation kinetics, and the resulting structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of Er2O3 thin films is explored. Fast nucleation governed by surface energy minimization characterizes the growth of (111)‐oriented Er2O3 on Si(100), glass, and α‐Al2O3. Conversely, nonhomogeneous nucleation leads to polycrystalline Er2O3 on Si(111) substrates. Er2O3 films grown on Si(100) possess superior characteristics. A high refractive index of 2.1 at 589.3 nm, comparable to the value for bulk single crystalline Er2O3, a high transparency in the near UV‐vis range, and an optical bandgap of 6.5 eV make Er2O3 interesting as an antireflective and protective coating. A static dielectric constant of 12–13 and a density of interface traps as low as 4.2 × 1010 cm2 eV–1 for 5–10 nm thick Er2O3 layers grown on Si(100) render the present Er2O3 films interesting also as high‐k dielectrics in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices.
Intramolecular Aza‐Anti‐Michael Addition of an Amide Anion to Enones: A Regiospecific Approach to Tetramic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Bi Xihe , Zhang Jingping , Liu Qun , Tan Jing , Li Bing
Published: October 2007

A novel intramolecular aza‐anti‐Michael addition was disclosed in the one‐pot reactions between 3‐oxobutanamides and aryl (heteroaryl) aldehydes under basic conditions, in which amide anions regiospecifically attacked the α‐carbon of an enone fragment, providing a new route to biologically important tetramic acid derivatives. An explanation for the unexpected regioselectivity is proposed based on the results of experiments and theoretical calculations, which is ascribed to (1) the conjugated and rigid molecular skeleton, and (2) proximity effects of the nucleophilic site and the enone α‐carbon.
New Pyridine ONN‐Pincer Gold and Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalysis in Hydrogenation, Hydrosilylation and CC Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Debono N. , Iglesias M. , Sánchez F.
Published: October 2007

The ONN‐tridentate unsymmetrical pincer 2‐[6‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐ylmethyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]phenol and N‐tert‐butyl‐1‐{[6‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]methyl}pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide ligands were synthesized by an easy method in high purity and good yields. All the organic compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Palladium(II) and gold(III) complexes have been prepared as air‐stable solids, with the ONN‐tridentate ligand after deprotonation of the hydroxy group, the coordination of the metal ion is completely stereospecific and gives rise to only one diastereoisomer. These complexes were shown to be very active catalysts in the hydrogenation (80 % ee was achieved with the chiral gold complex), hydrosilylation and CC coupling, Suzuki and Heck, reactions, under mild conditions.
Cationic Palladium‐Catalyzed [5+2] Annulation: Synthesis of 1‐Benzoxepines from 2‐Aroylmethoxyarylboronic Acids
Authors: Liu Guixia , Lu Xiyan
Published: October 2007

The synthesis of 1‐benzoxepines from 2‐aroylmethoxyarylboronic acids and alkynes in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Pd(dppp)(H2O)2]2+(TfO−)2 was developed. This [5+2] annulation involves the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a vinylpalladium species to ketones.
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: Bayesian modeling of genetic associations
Authors: Sebastiani Paola , Wang Ling , Nolan Vikki G. , Melista Efthymia , Ma Qianli , Baldwin Clinton T. , Steinberg Martin H.
Published: October 2007

We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in: (1) the β‐globin gene‐like cluster, (2) quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously associated with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentration on chromosomes 6q, 8q, and Xp, and (3) candidate genes that could effect HbF levels, in sickle cell anemia subjects. HbF concentration was modeled as a continuous variable with values in a finite interval using a novel Bayesian approach. We first tested the associations of SNPs with HbF in a group of 1,518 adults and children (CSSCD study), and validated the results in a second independent group of 211 adults (MSH study). In subjects aged ≥24 years, 5 SNPs in TOX (8q12.1), 2 SNPs in the β‐globin gene‐like cluster, 2 SNPs in the Xp QTL, and 1 SNP in chromosome 15q22 were associated with HbF in the CSSCD and also validated in the MSH. Four other SNPs in 15q22 were associated with HbF only in the larger CSSCD data. When patients aged <24 years in the CSSCD were examined, additional genes, including 4 with roles in nitric oxide metabolism, were associated with HbF level. These studies confirm prior analyses using traditional analytical approaches showing associations of SNPs in TOX, GPM6B, and the β‐globin gene‐like cluster with HbF levels. We also identified an additional candidate regulatory region in chromosome 15q22 that is associated with HbF level. By stratifying patients by age, our results also suggest that different genes might modulate the rate of decline of HbF and the final level of HbF levels in sickle cell anemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma at atypical locations may be associated with increased numbers of large cells and a diffuse histologic component
Authors: Yang David T. , Dunphy Cherie H. , Tripp Sheryl R. , Lagoo Anand S. , Perkins Sherrie L.
Published: October 2007

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) typically affects predictable lymph node groups with excellent treatment outcomes, but cases with a diffuse histologic pattern are associated with recurrence and rarely, cases will transform to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Although increased numbers of large cells has not been associated with poor prognosis, transformation is thought to histologically progress through a stage distinguished by increasing numbers of large atypical B‐cells. From 55 cases of NLPHL, we describe a possible subset of NLPHL occurring in older individuals at atypical sites, associated with increased numbers of large cells, a diffuse histologic component, and expression of Bcl‐2. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late onset of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using in vivo alemtuzumab
Authors: Kako Shinichi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Oshima Kumi , Nishimoto Nahoko , Sato Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takuro , Hosoya Noriko , Motokura Toru , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Taniguchi Shuichi , Kamijo Aki , Takahashi Koki , Chiba Shigeru , Kurokawa Mineo
Published: October 2007

Hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been reported to be mainly related to ABO‐incompatibility between donor and recipient. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) without ABO‐incompatibility has been also reported after allogeneic HSCT, especially with T‐cell depletion. However, optimal management of AIHA or PRCA remains unclear. A 54‐year‐old male with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) underwent haploidentical human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched HSCT using in vivo alemtuzumab and developed AIHA and PRCA simultaneously 15 months after transplantation, following the administration of cidofovir and probenecid for persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia and retinitis. AIHA was successfully treated with rituximab, and subsequently PRCA with cyclosporine without relapse of MDS or recurrence of CMV infection. The clinical course suggested that AIHA was mainly caused by humoral immune response, while PRCA was mainly caused by cell‐mediated immune response in this patient, although these immune responses might be related to each other. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavioral effects of subchronic inorganic manganese exposure in rats
Authors: Vezér T. , Kurunczi A. , Náray M. , Papp A. , Nagymajtényi L.
Published: October 2007

Background

Manganese, an essential micronutrient, is a potential neurotoxicant in prolonged overexposure. Parkinson‐like syndrome, motor deficit, disturbed psychomotor development are typical signs of neuropathological alterations due to Mn in humans.

Methods

Young adult rats, in three groups of 16 each, received 15 and 59 mg/kg b.w. MnCl2, (control: distilled water) via gavage for 10 weeks, and were kept for further 12 weeks. Correlation of MnCl2 exposure to body and organ weights, neurobehavioral effects (spatial memory, exploratory activity, psychomotor performance, pre‐pulse inhibition), and histopathological changes (gliosis) was sought.

Results

By the end of treatment, Mn accumulated in blood, cortex, hippocampus, and parenchymal tissues. Body and organ weights were reduced in high dose rats. All treated rats showed hypoactivity, decreased memory performance, and diminished sensorimotor reaction. In the dentate gyrus of these, GFAP immunoreactivity increased. During the post‐treatment period, body weight of the high dose group remained decreased, locomotor activity returned to control, but the lasting effect of MnCl2 could be revealed by amphetamine.

Conclusion

Using complex methodology, new data were obtained regarding the relationship between the long‐term effects of MnCl2 at neuronal and behavioral level. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:841–852, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the perceptions and beliefs of workers and owners with regard to workplace safety in small metal fabrication businesses
Authors: Parker David , Brosseau Lisa , Samant Yogindra , Pan, PhD Wei , Xi Min , Haugan Dave
Published: October 2007

Background

Problems of improving safety in small business establishments may include a lack of resources, limited unionization, and an informal management structure.

Methods

We evaluated worker and manager perceptions of worksite health and safety using Social Cognitive Theory. We used a business safety scorecard to audit the safety conditions, policies and programs, and work practices. Comparisons were made between the different measures.

Results

Businesses with safety committees had 1.7–2.1 times higher proportion of positive safety scorecard items than businesses without committees. Union status and business size were not associated with business safety audit results. Non‐English‐speaking and less educated employees reported higher levels of knowledge about safety than did their more educated and/or English‐speaking peers.

Conclusions

The presence of a safety committee is the single most important indicator of workplace safety. Self‐reported understanding of workplace safety is greater among employees who do not speak English or have lower levels of formal education. Future worksite interventions should consider the need for participatory worksite safety committees. Multilingual training programs would help reach a greater proportion of workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:999–1009, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association study of the brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lee Jonghun , Laurin Nancy , Crosbie Jennifer , Ickowicz Abel , Pathare Tejaswee , Malone Molly , Tannock Rosemary , Kennedy James L. , Schachar Russell , Barr Cathy L.
Published: October 2007

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental childhood psychiatric disorder. Brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD and two family‐based association studies demonstrated an association of BDNF polymorphisms with ADHD. The aim of the current study was to investigate the BDNF gene for association with ADHD in a large sample of families from Toronto. The transmission of three polymorphisms of the BDNF gene (rs6265, rs11030104, and rs2049046) was examined in 266 nuclear families ascertained through a proband with ADHD (315 affected children) using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). In addition, we conducted quantitative analysis to assess the relationship between these marker alleles and the symptom dimensions of ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and cognitive measures of working memory. None of the individual marker alleles showed significant evidence of association with ADHD, dimensional symptom scores, or working memory ability in our sample of ADHD families. There was no significant evidence for biased transmission of individual haplotypes with frequency >10% (global χ2 for these three haplotypes: χ2 = 6.349, df = 3, P = 0.096). One uncommon haplotype (A‐G‐G; frequency 2.2%) showed a significant association with ADHD in the categorical (χ2 = 5.293, df = 1, P = 0.021) and quantitative analyses (parents' rated inattention: Z = −2.504, P = 0.012; and hyperactivity/impulsivity: Z = −2.651, P = 0.008). These results should be interpreted cautiously, however, because of the low haplotype frequency. In light of the evidence for an involvement of BDNF in ADHD, further analysis of the BDNF gene in ADHD is warranted. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The monoamine oxidase B gene exhibits significant association to ADHD
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Yufeng , Hu Songnian , Zhou Rulun , Yu Xiaomin , Wang Bing , Guan Lili , Yang Li , Zhang Feng , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: October 2007

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric condition with strong genetic basis. Recent work in China indicated that ADHD may be linked to Xp1–2 in the Han Chinese population. The gene encoding monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), the main enzyme degrading dopamine in the human brain, is located in this region. The current study sequenced the exons and the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the MAOB gene and found four common variants including 2276C>T and 2327C>T in exon 15, rs1799836 in intron 13 and rs1040399 in 3′‐UTR. We assessed the association of these variants with ADHD in 548 trios collected from 468 males and 80 females probands. TDT analysis showed that alleles of each polymorphism were preferentially transmitted to probands (rs1799836, P = 3.28E‐15; rs1040399, P = 1.87E‐6; 2276T>C or 2327T>C, P = 2.20E‐6) and haplotype‐based TDT analyses also found distorted transmission. In conclusion, this study provides the strongest evidence for the involvement of MAOB gene in the etiology of ADHD to date, at least in Han Chinese population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and environmental contributions to stability in loneliness throughout childhood
Authors: Bartels Meike , Cacioppo John T. , Hudziak James J. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: October 2007

Heritability estimates based on two small cross‐sectional studies in children indicate that the genetic contribution to individual differences in loneliness is approximately 50%. A recent study estimated the genetic contribution to variation in loneliness in adults to be 48%. The current study aims to replicate and expand these findings by conducting longitudinal analyses in order to study causes of individual differences in stability of loneliness throughout childhood. Univariate and multivariate longitudinal analyses are conducted in a large sample of young Dutch twins. Information on loneliness comes from maternal ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist. Using an average score of loneliness over ages 7, 10, and 12, results from the two previous studies are replicated and a heritability estimate of 45% is found. The remaining variance is accounted for by shared environmental influences (12%), and nonshared environmental influences (43%). The longitudinal analyses, however, show that heritability is 58% at age 7, 56% at age 10, but drops to 26% at age 12. A parallel increase in influences of shared family environment is observed, explaining 6% of the variance at age 7, 8% at age 10 and 35% at age 12. The remaining variance is explained by relatively stable influences of nonshared environmental factors. Stability in loneliness is high, with phenotypic correlations in the range of 0.51–0.69. This phenotypic stability is mainly caused by genetic and nonshared environmental influences. The results indicate the importance of both innate as well as nonshared environmental factors for individual differences in loneliness. Further, different results between causes of individual differences for the average score of loneliness and results for age 12 from the longitudinal analyses, indicate the importance of longitudinal analyses with data at well‐defined ages. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alpha‐synuclein promoter haplotypes and dementia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: De Marco E.V. , Tarantino P. , Rocca F.E. , Provenzano G. , Civitelli D. , De Luca V. , Annesi F. , Carrideo S. , Cirò Candiano I.C. , Romeo N. , Nicoletti G. , Marconi R. , Novellino F. , Morelli M. , Quattrone A. , Annesi G.
Published: October 2007

Dementia is a common complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). It correlates significantly with the presence of cortical, limbic or nigral Lewy bodies, mainly constituted of alpha‐synuclein. Mutations of the alpha‐synuclein gene (SNCA) have been linked to rare familial forms of PD, while association studies on the promoter polymorphisms have given conflicting results in sporadic patients. We have performed a case control study to investigate whether genetic variability in the promoter of the alpha‐synuclein gene could predispose to dementia in PD. A total of 114 demented patients and 114 non‐demented patients with sporadic PD were included in the study. Six polymorphic loci (including the Rep1 microsatellite) in the promoter of the SNCA gene were examined. Each marker, taken individually, did not show association to dementia and no significant differences were observed in the inferred haplotype frequencies of demented and non‐demented patients. Our data suggest the lack of involvement of the SNCA promoter in the pathogenesis of dementia in PD. Further studies in other populations are needed to confirm these results. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FTY720 modulates human oligodendrocyte progenitor process extension and survival
Authors: Miron Veronique E. , Jung Cha Gyun , Kim Hye Jung , Kennedy Timothy E. , Soliven Betty , Antel Jack P.
Published: October 2007

Objective

FTY720, a sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist that crosses the blood–brain barrier, is a potential immuno‐therapy for multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to assess the effect of FTY720 on process extension, differentiation, and survival of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and link the functional effects with S1P receptor expression and signaling.

Methods

Functional assays and receptor expression studies were conducted on A2B5+ OPCs derived from the human fetal central nervous system. Cells were treated with physiologically relevant concentrations of the active phosphorylated form of FTY720. S1P receptor/signaling modulators were used to elucidate the basis of the FTY720‐induced functional responses.

Results

Short‐term (1 day) FTY720 treatment caused initial process retraction that was reversed by uncoupling S1P3 and 5 from their G protein using suramin, and with a Rho‐kinase inhibitor H1152. Retraction was associated with RhoA‐mediated cytoskeletal signaling and with inhibition of OPC differentiation into more mature phenotypes. Continued FTY720 treatment (2 days) induced process extension and enhanced cell survival associated with increased extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, mimicked with the S1P1‐specific agonist SEW2871, but not reversed with suramin. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that FTY720 induced reciprocal and cyclic modulation of S1P1 and S1P5 messenger RNA levels. The observed initial downregulation of S1P5 and subsequently of S1P1 messenger RNA supports functional responses being mediated sequentially by S1P5‐ and later S1P1‐associated signaling.

Interpretation

FTY720 induces time‐dependent modulation of S1P receptors on human OPCs with consequent functional responses that are directly relevant for the remyelination process. Ann Neurol 2007
Bumetanide enhances phenobarbital efficacy in a neonatal seizure model
Authors: Dzhala Volodymyr I. , Brumback Audrey C. , Staley Kevin J.
Published: October 2007

Objectives

High levels of expression of the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− (NKCC1) cotransporter in immature neurons cause the accumulation of intracellular chloride and, therefore, a depolarized Cl− equilibrium potential (ECl). This results in the outward flux of Cl− through GABAA channels, the opposite direction compared with mature neurons, in which GABAA receptor activation is inhibitory because Cl− flows into the cell. This outward flow of Cl− in neonatal neurons is excitatory and contributes to a greater seizure propensity and poor electroencephalographic response to GABAergic anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital and benzodiazepines. Blocking the NKCC1 transporter with bumetanide prevents outward Cl− flux and causes a more negative GABA equilibrium potential (EGABA) in immature neurons. We therefore tested whether bumetanide enhances the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital in the neonatal brain

Methods

Recurrent seizures were induced in the intact hippocampal preparation in vitro by continuous 5‐hour exposure to low‐Mg2+ solution. The anticonvulsant efficacy of phenobarbital, bumetanide, and the combination of these drugs was studied

Results

Phenobarbital failed to abolish or depress recurrent seizures in 70% of hippocampi. In contrast, phenobarbital in combination with bumetanide abolished seizures in 70% of hippocampi and significantly reduced the frequency, duration, and power of seizures in the remaining 30%

Interpretation

Thus, alteration of Cl− transport by bumetanide enables the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital in immature brain. This is a mechanistic demonstration of rational anticonvulsant polypharmacy. The combination of these agents may comprise an effective therapy for early‐life seizures. Ann Neurol 2007
Arterial compliance and retinal vascular caliber in cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Cheung Ning , Islam F. M. Amirul , Jacobs David R. , Sharrett A. Richey , Klein Ronald , Polak Joseph F. , Cotch Mary F. , Klein Barbara E. , Ouyang Pamala , Wong Tien Y.
Published: October 2007

Objective

Arterial stiffness is a newly recognized risk factor for stroke. Whether this is mediated by small‐ or large‐artery disease is unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and retinal vascular caliber.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, population‐based study of 5,731 participants (aged 45–84 years) who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease (the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from retinal photographs according to standardized protocols. Small‐ and large‐artery compliance was determined from pulse contour analysis.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, lipid profile, and other risk factors, reduced large‐artery compliance was associated with smaller retinal arteriolar caliber; each standard deviation decrease in large‐artery compliance was associated with a 0.70μm (p = 0.002) decrease in retinal arteriolar caliber. After adjusting for the same set of risk factors, reduced small‐artery compliance was associated with wider retinal venular caliber; each standard deviation decrease in small artery compliance was associated with a 1.43μm (p = 0.001) increase in retinal venular caliber. These associations remained significant after further adjustments for large‐vessel atherosclerosis (carotid intima‐media thickness, coronary artery calcium, and ankle–arm index).

Interpretation

Reduced arterial wall compliance in large arterial beds is associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing, whereas reduced arterial wall compliance in small arterial beds is associated with retinal venular widening. These data may provide further insights into the effects of altered arterial stiffness on the cerebral microcirculation. Ann Neurol 2007