bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the adolescent pregnancy outcomes between refugees and Turkish citizens
Authors: Arslan Oğuz , Giray Burak , Tuğ Niyazi
Published: March 2024

Background. Adolescent pregnant women have significant risk factors in terms of preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational and neonatal complications, and neonatal and infant deaths. In many countries, living as a refugee differs from living as a local citizen regarding education level, access to health services, and lifestyle. We aimed to compare the obstetric, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of Turkish and refugee adolescent pregnant women admitted to a tertiary maternity center.
Methods. The study was planned as a retrospective cross-sectional. We included adolescent pregnant women who delivered between February 2018 and August 2023. Adolescent pregnant women were divided into two groups, the Turkish group and the Syrian refugee group, and compared with each other.
Results. One thousand and fifty-one Turkish and 742 refugee adolescent pregnant women were included in the study. Adolescent pregnancy rates are higher in refugees than in the Turkish group (p < 0.001). We found that maternal age (p < 0.001), preeclampsia rates (p=0.029), gestational age at delivery (p < 0.001), and cesarean delivery rates (p=0.02) were lower in refugee adolescent pregnant women. Furthermore, we found that the anemia rates (p < 0.001) and low birth weight newborn rates (p = 0.011) were higher in refugee adolescent pregnant women.
Conclusions. Enhancing the outcomes of adolescent pregnancies among refugees necessitates a heightened focus on education regarding sexual reproduction, increased prenatal follow-ups, and enhanced training in family planning.
ANALISIS FAKTOR KEAMANAN GEOMETRI LERENG DISPOSAL TAMBANG TERBUKA BATUBARA PT.PETROSEA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Saragih Christmas Age Putra , Adhitama Ramadhan , Barus Rico , Jambak Moehammad Ali
Published: March 2024

Lereng yang tidak stabil menjadi masalah dalam proses pertambangan batubara maupun mineral di ruang terbuka. . Salah satu perusahaan pertambangan yang berlokasi di daerah Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur yaitu PT. Petrosea. Dimana pada daerah penelitian memiliki beberapa lereng yang sudah ditimbun dan perlu dilakukan evaluasi factor keamanannya agar aktivitas pertambangan selalu berjalan tanpa gangguan. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengevaluasi kestabilan lereng pada penelitian adalah Limit Equilibrium Methode dimana menggunakan uji triaxial material pada timbunan. Pada daerah penelitian didapati timbunan disposal yang memiliki factor keamanan >1,25.
INDEKS AKTIVITAS TEKTONIK RELATIF (IATR) SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CIKERUH, KABUPATEN BANDUNG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Hilman Taufiqih , Sulastri Murni , Barkah M. Nursiyam , Haryanto Iyan
Published: March 2024

Daerah penelitian terletak di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cikeruh pada bagian Timur Sesar Lembang, yang secara administratif berada di Kabupaten Bandung dan Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan fisiografi regional, daerah penelitian termasuk dalam Zona Bandung. Sedangkan berdasarkan stratigrafi regional, Sub DAS Cikeruh terdiri dari 3 satuan batuan yaitu Qvu, Qyu, dan Ql yang umumnya didominasi oleh batuan vulkanik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisis pola kelurusan, analisis morfometri dan morfotektonik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu analisis geomorfologi kuantitatif. Analisis morfotektonik yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi Indeks Aktivitas Tektonik Relatif (IATR) di Sub DAS Cikeruh menggunakan indeks gradien panjang sungai (Sl), faktor asimetri (Af), integral hipsometri (Hi), rasio lebar dan tinggi lembah (Vf), indeks bentuk DAS (Bs), dan indeks sinusitas muka gunung (Smf). Hasil penelitian pada daerah penelitian menunjukkan pola kelurusan yang berorientasi Barat Daya-Timur Laut. Indeks Aktivitas Tektonik Relatif (IATR) di daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi 4 kelas. Persentase kelas tektonik di daerah penelitian yaitu; kelas 1 (sangat aktif) mencakup 18,22% dengan jumlah luas sub DAS yaitu 19,96 Km2, Kelas 2 (aktif) sekitar 35,99% dengan jumlah luas sub DAS yaitu 39,42 Km2, Kelas 3 (menengah) sekitar 9,36% dengan jumlah luas sub DAS 10,26 Km2, dan Kelas 4 (rendah) sekitar sekitar 36,41% dengan jumlah luas sub DAS 39,88 Km2. Secara umum, daerah tengah hingga Utara telah mengalami aktivitas tektonisme sedangkan daerah Selatan relatif stabil dari pengaruh tektonisme
ANALISIS KELURUSAN STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DI DESA KARANG TENGAH DAN SEKITARNYA, KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sandi Agung Forma , Sutriyono Edy
Published: March 2024

Daerah penelitian secara geografis terletak di Desa Karang Tengah dan sekitarnya, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Lineament didefinisikan sebagai garis permukaan yang dapat dipetakan, serta dapat dibedakan secara jelas dari pola garis yang berdekatan dan mungkin dapat mencerminkan bawah permukaan (O’Leary et al., 1976). Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kelurusan yang kemudian disebandingkan dengan hasil analisis data struktur di lapangan. Analisis didukung dengan DEMNAS lalu diolah menggunakan aplikasi Arcgis, GlobalMapper, MapSource, dan PCI Geomatica, dan menghasilkan data panjang lineament, orientasi lineament dan densitas lineament. Studi ini menggunakan beberapa tahapan metode yaitu observatif, interpretatif, dan analitik. Berdasarkan analisis lineament dengan mengkorelasi data struktur geologi terlihat bahwa daerah penelitian memiliki tingkat densitas rendah sampai tinggi dan menghasilkan pola struktur berarah Baratlaut-Tenggara, Barat-Timur, dan Utara-Selatan. Orientasi tersebut terlihat konkordan dengan sebaran antiklin Ci Mandala yang berarah Baratlaut-Tenggara, antiklin Sumurbatu dan Sesar Ci Mandala dengan strike Barat-Timur. Keselarasan lineament dengan arah umum struktur mengindikasikan bahwa arah gaya tektonik yang bertanggungjawab terhadap deformasi berarah Baratlaut-Tenggara, Barat-Timur, dan Utara-Selatan.
KARAKTERISTIK MORFOMETRI DAN MORFOTEKTONIK DAERAH PATUHA
Authors: Rahmanto Sandy , Sulaksana Nana , Gentana Dewi
Published: March 2024

Peristiwa subduksi Jawa dicirikan dengan adanya kegempaan di Pulau Jawa yang menunjukkan tektonik aktif. Analisis geomorfologi kuantitatif di daerah Patuha bagian Selatan sebagai daerah penelitian untuk mengetahui proses geologi melalui aspek morfometri; rasio percabangan sungai (Rb) dan kerapatan pengaliran (Dd), dan morfotektonik ; sinusitas muka gunung (Smf). Analisis geomorfologi kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan Peta Rupa Bumi Digital Indonesia dan Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Hasil analisis geomorfologi kuantitafif menunjukkan di daerah penelitian dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas tektonik kelas sedang diperlihatkan oleh rentang nilai Smf ; 1,70 - 3,06 yang mengakibatkan deformasi, diindikasikan oleh rentang nilai Rb;2,62 - 2,63 dan 5,50 - 7,00, membentuk tekstur bentang alam sedang, dengan rentang nilai Dd; 2,92 - 4,10 km/km2.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG BERDASARKAN METODE KINEMATIKA PADA DAERAH TAMBANG PT. LOTUS SG LESTARI, KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Erick Estrada Dolok Saribu Erick Estrada Dolok Saribu , Ronoatmojo Imam Setiaji
Published: March 2024

Kestabilan lereng bergantung dengan taraf pelapukan serta struktur geologi yang terdapat di massa batuan seperti sesar, kekar, lipatan, dan lain sebagainya. Daerah penelitian ini dilakukan pada daerah PT. Lokasi Tanaman Lotus SG Lestari Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan asal penelitian ini ialah memilih tipe jenis longsoran yg akan terjadi dari diskontinuitas pengaturan data dengan metode kinematik. Sehingga penelitian ini menyampaikan ulasan tipe longsoran dari lereng tambang PT. Lotus SG Lestari.
Slope stability depends on the degree of weathering and the geological structures present in the rock masses such as faults, joints, folds, and so on. This research area was carried out in the area of PT. Lotus SG Lestari Site Plant Rumpin, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The original objective of this study was to select the type of avalanche that would occur from discontinuity orientation data using the kinematic method. So this study provides an overview of the types of avalanches from the mine slopes of PT. Lotus SG Lestari.
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TANAH SUMUR GALI DI DESA KARANGTENGAH, KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Asseggaf Abdurrachman , Arum Dannum Sekar , Lestari Arini Dian
Published: March 2024

Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia yang krusial keberadaannya dalam kehidupan. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas secara lebih terperinci kualitas air tanah yang didapatkan dari pembuatan sumur gali pada Desa Karangtengah, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pada penelitian ini melibatkan pengambilan sampel air pada dua buah sumur gali yang nantinya akan dianalisa lebih lanjut di laboratorium sesuai dengan ketentuan Permenkes No.32 Tahun 2017 mengenai standar baku air bersih, juga mengetahui asal dari air tanah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorium dan analisis hidrogeologi mengenai akuifer yang menyimpan air tanah. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukan bahwa kedua sumur tersebut tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih. Air sumur gali 1 memiliki pH sebesar 6,02 sedangkan air sumur gali 2 memiliki kandungan MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Surfactant) sebesar 0,134 yang melebihi batas baku mutu. Air tanah berasal dari akuifer tertekan yang terdiri atas satuan batulempung dan sisipan batupasir.
Water is one of the basic human needs that is crucial for its existence in life. This paper will discuss in more detail the quality of groundwater obtained from the construction of dug wells in Karangtengah Village, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. This research involves taking water samples from two dug wells which will be further analyzed in the laboratory in accordance with the provisions of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017 concerning the standard of clean water, as well as knowing the origin of the groundwater. The methods used in this research are laboratory experiments and hydrogeological analysis of aquifers that store groundwater. The results of laboratory tests showed that the two wells did not meet the clean water quality standards. Dug well water 1 has a pH of 6.02 while dug well water 2 has an MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Surfactant) content of 0.134 which exceeds the quality standard limit. Groundwater comes from a confined aquifer consisting of claystone units and sandstone inserts.
HUBUNGAN LAJU INFILTRASI TERHADAP PERMEABILITAS TANAH DAN MUKA AIRTANAH DI DAERAH DESA TAJUR KECAMATAN CITEUREUP
Authors: Anwar Saepul , Amri Muhammad Adimas
Published: March 2024

Infiltration is an important process in a hydrological system and acts as a medium for air infiltration into the soil. The process of infiltration in soil can be influenced by several factors, namely, rainfall, vegetation, land slope, land use, and soil moisture. Apart from this, other factors such as groundwater level and soil permeability also have an influence on the infiltration process, both of which are related to each other in terms of the rate of infiltration or air infiltration into the soil. If the infiltration process is disrupted, it results in the pooling of air on the ground surface, which affects the hydrological system. It is necessary to know how factors such as groundwater levels and soil permeability influence the infiltration rate. Based on this, the aim of this research is to determine the relationship. between infiltration rate, groundwater level, and soil permeability and their influence. The research method was carried out by taking data from direct groundwater level measurements and infiltration rate measurements, as well as samples for soil permeability analysis. Then an interpretation of the data obtained is carried out and presented in a map of the infiltration zone and soil permeability zone. The research area in Tajur Village has 2 infiltration zones, namely the slow-medium zone and the medium zone with medium and rather fast soil permeability and low-medium groundwater depth.
KARAKTERISTIK GEOMORFOLOGI DAERAH PASIRIPIS DAN SEKITARNYA, KECAMATAN SURADE, GEOPARK CILETUH PALABUHANRATU
Authors: Daffa Rafli  , Santi Dwi  , Mega Fatimah
Published: March 2024

The research was conducted in Pasiripis area, Surade sub-district, Sukabumi district, West Java province, which is part of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark with the aim of identifying the characteristics of developing geomorphological Units, and classifying the distribution of lithological constituents in each unit. Identification of geomorphological characteristics is based on remote sensing analysis of DEM SRTM Data which is then processed in Arcgis Software, Global Mapper and field observations are made in mapping geomorphology and lithology distribution according to scientific standards to match the data from remote sensing analysis. The research findings are in the form of distribution maps based on morphographic aspects, flow pattern maps, landform maps, slopes and geomorphological components in geomorphological maps. The study area is divided into lowlands and low hills with a developed drainage pattern that is dendritic, sub-dendritic, and parallel. In the morphometric aspect, the slopes are flat or almost flat, very gentle, gently sloping, and slightly steep. The morphogenetic aspect in Pasiripis area shows the existence of endogenous processes, such as tectonism and volcanism activities, as well as exogenous processes, such as weathering, erosion, and dissolution. The lithology of the study area consists of limestone, sandstone, and tuff. Based on the geomorphological reconstruction aspect, the characteristics of Pasiripis area in Surade sub-district can be classified into five geomorphological unit, namely flat denudational lowland, gentle denudational lowland, gentle maritime lowland, gentle denudational lowland hills, and slightly steep denudational lowland hills.
AKULTURASI MATERIAL TENUN SABU SERAT TENCEL
Authors: Jennifer Agrilla  , Krishna Hutama  , Yan Yan Sunarya
Published: March 2024

Akulturasi Material Tenun Sabu Serat Tencel. Tenun Sabu tradisional berbahan dasar benang kapas berisfat tebal dan kaku. Pengolahan bahan dasar kain tenun dapat menambahkan nilai estetik dan fungsi dari kain tenun, tencel menjadi salah satu pilihan material dasar pembuatan tenun Sabu. Produksi serat tencel mendukung agenda dari Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Indonesia pada pilar pembangunan lingkungan dengan konsumsi dan produksi yan bertanggung jawab. Kearifan local yang terkandung pada kain tenun Sabu tetap dijaga dan dilestarikan dengan tidak merubah tahapan proses tenun dan tetap menggunakan motif asli tenun Sabu. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif mengulas tentang serat kapas tenun Sabu dan dengan metode literature review mengulas tentang teori akulturasi dan pengetahuan mengenai serat tencel. Dilakukan eksplorasi produksi tenun Sabu dengan bahan serat tencel. Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan perbandingan antara tenun Sabu serat kapas dan tenun Sabu serat tencel, pada tenun Sabu serat tencel didapatkan tekstur yang lebih lembut, serapan warna yang lebih baik, ketebalan kain yang berkurang, hal ini membuat bertambahnya nilai fungsi dan estetik dari kain tenun Sabu.
Precision Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Flabby Ridge with a Modified Window Technique: Case Report
Authors: Sikri Arpit , Kalra Vaishali , Sikri Jyotsana , Jassal Priya , Yamika
Published: March 2024

Flabby ridge, also known as a soft (mobile), movable, or displaceable ridge, presents a common clinical challenge in dental practice. It primarily affects the alveolar ridges of the upper (maxillary) or lower (mandibular) arches. The anterior region of the maxilla is especially susceptible in edentulous patients. The flabby ridge lacks the firmness and stability required, leading dentures to become loose and unstable. Consequently, this instability can result in discomfort, speech and eating difficulties, and reduced quality of life for denture wearers. The flabby ridge often does not provide the necessary contour and resilience needed to establish an effective seal and maintain suction between the denture base and the underlying tissues. This compromises denture retention, making them susceptible to dislodgement during typical oral functions. Therefore, rehabilitating a completely edentulous patient with flabby tissue presents a formidable challenge for prosthodontists, as it undermines the retention, stability and support of complete dentures. Methods for managing flabby ridges encompass surgical removal, ridge augmentation, specialized impression techniques, balanced distribution of occlusal loads and implant therapy. Various impression techniques have been proposed to address the complexities of such cases. By carefully applying the principles of complete denture construction, a palliative treatment approach can be achieved. Special impressions often employ the window technique to capture a static impression of the flabby area, which introduces its own set of challenges.

This innovative case report introduces a modified window technique that incorporates precise record transfer of the flabby ridge using tissue (blotting) paper. Specifically designed for the anterior mandibular flabby ridge, the technique employs a custom tray with a window positioned over the flabby tissues. A mucostatic impression material is utilized to minimize pressure on the flabby tissue, thereby reducing potential tissue distortion during the impression process. The procedure is executed in two steps: first, stable structures are recorded, followed by capturing the mobile tissues using light-body polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) elastomeric impression material within the window area. This method ensures an accurate record of the denture-supporting structures while maintaining the contour and details of the flabby tissues without displacement. Importantly, the technique is crafted for straightforward implementation by general dental practitioners within a primary dental care setting.
Role of 3-Dimensional Printing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Pendharkar Seema Shantilal
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been at the forefront of major innovations in medicine, dentistry, engineering, and education. It has also opened up access to surgical education, improved patient and physician relations, and improved surgical outcomes. In this review, we will look at the many applications of 3D printing in the fields of Maxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction, Orthognathic Surgery, Maxillofacial Protoplast, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Reconstruction, Dentistry, Bone Tissue Engineering for Maxillofacial Regeneration, Clinical Education, and Patient Communication. 3D printing was initially used to create custom prosthetic products and implants. Scientists were able to construct organs from patients’ own cells supported by a 3D printed scaffold. In the last two decades, advances in technology have ushered in a new age of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
New Indices to Detect Acute Kidney Injury in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Shaik Abdul Samad , Lakshmi V. S. Bharathi
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Pre-procedure liver impairment has been revealed as a poor prognostic factor post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent investigations discovered that the aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (De-Ritis ratio) indicates the severity of liver impairment and was related to adverse outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the De-Ritis ratio for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI).

Materials and Methods:

We prospectively enrolled 150 patients undergoing elective PCI between June 2022 and August 2022. Contrast-induced AKI: It is defined as an acute decline in renal function, defined as an increase in creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% compared to baseline. It usually develops 24–72 h post administration of an IV contrast agent in the absence of other identifiable causes.

Results:

The incidence of CA-AKI was 8% (n = 12). The De-Ritis ratio >1.30 was identified as the best cutoff value for CA-AKI prediction.

Conclusion:

The De-Ritis ratio was an independent risk factor for CA-AKI in patients undergoing elective PCI.
Navigating the Risk: “Unraveling the Relationship between Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (“TIMI” Risk Score) and Coronary Vessel Involvement in Non-ST-Elevated acute Coronary Syndrome with Respect to “Syntax” Score – A Cross-sectional Study”
Authors: Tammiraju Iragavarapu , Ramisetty Bhuvaneswari , Gujjarlapudi Alekhya Jasmine
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Patients with unstable angina and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) present with a spectrum of cardiac events and death. Hence, early accurate management should be initiated. This can be achieved by risk stratifying the patients as early as possible on hospital admission. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score assessment is used widely for this purpose. It helps to standardize the approach of management and compare the extent and number of vessels involved in the coronary angiogram. This research aims to assess coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with NSTEMI by examining the extent of vessel involvement and the complexity of coronary artery blockages, using the SYNTAX score about the TIMI risk score.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study involved 60 participants who were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The TIMI risk score was computed for each individual, categorized as either <4 or ≥4, and the results of their coronary angiogram were analyzed to assess the degree of vessel involvement, categorizing it as either single-vessel disease (SVD) or multi-vessel disease (MVD). The Syntax score was computed for all angiograms and divided into two groups based on whether it was ≤22 or >22.

Results:

The average age of the participants in our study was 56 ± 10.64, with an age range of 34. Gender distribution revealed a higher proportion of males, constituting 68.3% (41 individuals), while females accounted for 31.7% (19 individuals). The angiogram results demonstrated that among the patients with TIMI score <4, 70% (14 individuals) had SVD, 30% (6 individuals) had MVD, and among those with score ≥4, 15% (6 individuals) had SVD while 75% (34 individuals) had MVD. In the subgroup analysis of TIMI <4, a Syntax score <22 was observed in 15 cases of SVD and a score >22 was observed in cases of MVD. Likewise, in the TIMI >4 group, a Syntax score <22 was observed in 12 cases of SVD and a score >22 was observed in 28 cases of MVD.

Conclusion:

This study noted that patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary angiogram and had a TIMI score of ≥4 were observed to have a 13-fold increased likelihood of having multi-vessel Coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to those with a TIMI score of <4. TIMI score of ≥4 had a 7 times higher chance of getting a SYNTAX score >22.
Unraveling the Spectrum of Hypertension among Adult Women in an Urban Area of North India through Level of Prevention-based Color-coded Stratification
Authors: Kumar Priyanka , Kumar Ravi , Agrawal Nipun , Khan Anas Ahmad , Arun Ruchi , Singh Amarjeet
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in adult females at the Urban Health Training Center (UHTC) of a private medical college using a color-coded stratification based on levels of prevention.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted during June–July 2023 at UHTC, a private medical college. The sample size was calculated as 256. First, a basic health assessment of the study population was done. This focused on basic socio-demographic data of the adult women, their health status and blood pressure reading, risk profile, treatment-seeking behavior, etc. A proforma was developed to record the data. The principal investigator did a level of prevention-based color-coded stratification for HTN patient segmentation.

Results:

The majority of respondents were married (75.4%). Their literacy rate was 72%. The majority of the respondents were homemakers (58.2%). The mean age of the respondents was 38.23 years (range 18–75 years). Monthly household income ranged from Rs. 1,000 to 60,000, with a mean of Rs. 10,611.72. The average family size was 4.61 members. Some (22%) of the respondents fell into the “Health promotion” category (Green), indicating that they were free of HTN. About 39% of respondents were categorized under “Specific protection” (Blue), signifying that they were at risk of developing HTN; 14% were diagnosed with HTN cases without apparent complications, classified as “Early Diagnosis/Treatment” (Yellow). About 21% of respondents were placed in the “Disability Limitation” (Orange) category, indicating some complications, while 4.3% were identified as HTN patients needing “Rehabilitation” (Red) due to serious complications.

Conclusion:

This approach of the color-coded stratification based on levels of prevention among adult females of UHTC revealed the spectrum of HTN in the general community. Overall, 39% of the respondents had HTN. About two-fifths of respondents were at risk of developing HTN. This method has the potential to enhance the individualized management of HTN.
Association between Migraine and Cardiovascular Diseases among Women of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad – A Case–Control Study
Authors: Krishnan Yadu , Bala Sudha , Pasam Guru Vijay Kumar , Francis Alphin Andoor , Vallamalla Paulson
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Women tend to have a higher risk of migraine compared to men. Apart from the conventional risk factors, this study aims to provide insight into the association between migraine and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to assess the association between CVDs and migraine along with other conventional factors among migraineurs with and without aura.

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study was done among the women attending outpatient of a tertiary care hospital those having hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke at the age of >30–60 years, and those who do not have any of the CVDs. Conventional risk factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, frequent junk food intake, BMI, and presence of diabetes were assessed along with migraine status adhering to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Comparison of risk factors among cases and controls was done using the Chi-square test and independent t-test whichever was appropriate.

Results:

Our study included 191 cases and 191 controls; among the cases, hypertensives were predominant. There was a statistically significant association between migraine and any CVD with an increased risk of 12.35 times (confidence interval 7.12–21.4). The only statistically significant risk factor among the cases was the frequent intake of junk food and uncontrolled status was more among those migraineurs having an aura.

Conclusion:

The importance of migraine as one of the risk factors should be kept in mind among CVDs to implement prevention strategies at the earliest.
A qualitative study on self-efficacy beliefs, self-regulation, and persistence of dentistry students
Authors: Co Evelyn Uy , Colina Trinette Chang
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

One of the crucial stages in the journey of Philippine dentistry students is the dynamic transition from the two years of preparatory phase to the next four years of dentistry proper. Students initially have a firm commitment to finish their program. Unfortunately, multitudinous factors can drive them to drop out. Aside from knowing if self-efficacy and self-regulation beliefs play a significant role in students’ persistence, it behooves them to identify other factors of persistence.

Material and Methods:

A qualitative method using focus group discussion (FGD) was employed to gain a more in-depth understanding of the other factors of persistence that might be present in the students. Ten respondents representing the different subtypes of regular and irregular students were invited to be part of the FGD. Those enrolled in the clinics were excluded from the study. Questions were carefully constructed with exploratory open-ended questions to probe respondents.

Results:

Four themes were extracted from the content of the FGD on factors of persistence. They included (1) obedience to parents, (2) personal dreams, (3) social support, and (4) positive mindset.

Conclusion:

Dentistry is a challenging program. Self-regulation and self-efficacy play a significant role in students’ persistence and knowing the factors why they persist is important for educators and guidance counselors. Interventions can be designed to improve students’ self-regulation and increase students’ perceptions of their academic capabilities by guiding them through strategies that can improve their performances.
Omics-based cutting-edge technologies for identifying predictive biomarkers to measure the impact of air borne particulate matter exposure on male reproductive health
Authors: Kumari Roshani , Kaur Prasan , Verma Sandeep Kumar , Ratre Pooja , Mishra Pradyumna Kumar
Published: March 2024

The reproductive lifespan of an individual is a critical determinant of their health, population dynamics, and aging. Research has established a clear association between environmental air pollution, particulate matter (PM), and reproductive health. Recent studies have focused on the impact of air pollution on male reproductive health. Chronic or acute exposure to airborne PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM10 has been found to trigger mitochondrial oxidative stress, double-strand DNA breaks, epigenetic modifications, and endocrine disruption in male reproductive tract functions. Consequently, identifying and validating PM-associated predictive biomarkers, including genes, transcripts, epimutations, proteins, and metabolites, hold promise for improving male reproductive efficiency. Omics-based techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization, genome-wide association studies, single-cell RNA sequencing, microarray analysis, mass spectroscopy, 2D gel electrophoresis, Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, have provided crucial insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying air pollution-related male reproductive health issues. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of existing evidence in this field, offering a methodical examination of findings that hold immense potential for addressing the adverse effects of air pollution on male reproductive health.
Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients: Driving Disease Progression
Authors:   Department of chemistry (Biochemistry division, Faculty of Science, University of Minia, Egypt, OA Othman , Latif Abdel ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Minia, Egypt, AA Ezzat ,   Department of chemistry (Biochemistry division, Faculty of Science, University of Minia, Egypt, H Mokhtar ,   Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt, EM Othman ,   Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
Published: March 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and it is commonly associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Identifying the key mechanisms and biological markers involved in the hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma may help in early detection and/or diagnosis of this malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the role of the serum VEGF, NF-kB, and IGF-1 in incidence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Methods and Results: VEGF, NF-kB, and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA assay in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma-associated hepatitis C virus infection, healthy individuals. Serum VEGF, NF-kB, and IGF-1 were significantly elevated in HCV and hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to the control group. Additionally patient with hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma showed significantly higher serum levels of NF-kB, and IGF-1 compared with hepatitis C virus infection patients. Conclusions: Our data supports the role of VEGF, NF-kB, and IGF-1 in development of hepatocellular carcinoma during the course of hepatitis C virus infection and the use of these biomarkers in combination with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may offer an improved diagnostic tool for hepatocellular carcinoma early detection.
Study of Plasmodium Infection among Primary School Children in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, A Musa , NR Uzoigwe ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, VA Pam ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, A Ombugadu ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, JI Maikenti ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, VA Adejoh ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, HO Ahmed ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
Published: March 2024

Malaria is a major cause of poverty in developing nations, particularly in tropical regions. This study sought to ascertain the present prevalence of malaria among primary school children in Lafia Local Government Area (LGA), Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 204 venous blood samples were collected from consenting primary school children. The blood samples were analyzed parasitologically by thin and thick blood films as well as Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) methods. Of the 204 school children examined, 75.9% were found positive for Plasmodium infection. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection in relation to sexes of the pupils from Agyaragu (peri-urban settlement) and Lafia (urban settlement) schools showed no significant difference (P=0.688). Generally, children aged 15-17 years old were significantly (P<0.0001) more infected with Plasmodium parasites in this study. The RDT showed more positive cases than microscopy test of blood samples obtained from primary school children. The PCV values between infected and uninfected school children in each school showed no significant difference (Agyaragu: P=0.8503; Lafia: P=0.2038). In conclusion, the RDT is a complementary technique to microscopy, most especially in areas that may be lacking a trained microscopist. The parents of the pupils should ensure that they key into the practice of integrated control strategies such as the use of insecticide treated bed netsso as to drastically lower malaria prevalence among these young population in the research area.
Assessment of Mask Effectiveness to Prevent the Spread of SARS-Cov-2: A Review
Authors:   The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Issarow Chacha M
Published: March 2024

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly spread person-to-person through droplets and aerosols. It is often recommended that healthcare workers and other people take precautionary measures to reduce their exposure to SARS-CoV-2 by wearing masks. However, the effectiveness of the masks is not well understood at the community level. Methods: To assess the effectiveness of the masks against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we searched electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies that assessed mask or respirator effectiveness in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Results: The majority of studies reviewed suggested that all types of masks (e.g., N95 respirators, surgical masks, and cloth masks) protect the human respiratory system against airborne viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. The quality and effectiveness of the masks vary depending on the materials, structures, and methods used for construction. The data shows that both surgical masks and N95 respirators can provide similar protection against airborne respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, for healthcare workers, but due to its better facial fit, N95 is recommended for high-risk environments. However, although masks reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, they may not entirely provide proper protection against biologic particles, which are considerably smaller than the accepted most penetrating particle size used in certification tests. Conclusion: While all types of masks have technical pros and cons, wearing them correctly can significantly improve their effectiveness since a complete seal of respiratory particles is unlikely due to side leakage of aerosols of different sizes.
Mathematical Models Used to Assess the COVID-19 Outbreak and Preventive Measures
Authors:   The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Issarow Chacha M
Published: March 2024

Background: Mathematical modelling is one of the most powerful methods for exploring the diverse range of intervention strategies, determining the fundamental reproduction rate, and forecasting disease spread. This paper reviews the mathematical models that were utilized to investigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics. Methods: We looked through four electronic databases for research that evaluated the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 using a mathematical modeling strategy based on compartmental models. Research describing COVID-19 transmission utilizing compartmental models and published in English in preprints and peer-reviewed publications between December 30, 2019 and May 25, 2020 was eligible for inclusion. This limitation period of time was chosen because it’s when the disease emerged and peaked in many countries worldwide. Results: A total of 46 studies that used compartmental models to explain COVID-19 transmission were included in the review. Six studies employed the age-structured SEIR model, making up the majority of studies’ (37/46) use of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) framework. In one of the eight investigations that used SIR, an age-structured model was used. One study evaluated COVID-19 transmission using the generalized SIRS model. To anticipate the onset of the disease, 36 of the 46 studies calculated the basic reproduction number, and 5 estimated the effective reproduction number. Conclusion: Modelling studies applied generalised and age-structure models to assess the transmission and control of the COVID-19, suggesting that combined mitigations have a substantial impact on disease transmission
Trends in COVID-19 Infections during Four Surges in Bexar County, Texas
Authors:   Department of Communicable Diseases, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas 78205, USA, S Sarkar , C Alonzo ,   Department of Communicable Diseases, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas 78205, USA, J Cunningham ,   Department of Communicable Diseases, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas 78205, USA, P Martinez ,   Department of Communicable Diseases, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas 78205, USA, A Kurian ,   Department of Communicable Diseases, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, Texas 78205, USA
Published: March 2024

Background: Bexar County, Texas has experienced four COVID-19 surges during the pandemic. This study investigates trends in COVID-19 infections over the course of pandemic. The objective is to describe the association of COVID-19 infection cases with changes in testing availability, masking, distancing policies, and occurrence of public holidays during the surges. Methods: Cases occurring since May 26th, 2020, until March 31st, 2022, comprise this analysis. Case data were obtained from the Texas NEDSS database. Aggregate hospitalization data were obtained from STRAC (Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council) for Bexar County hospitals. Analyses were conducted using R-Studio and Excel. Demographic statistics, percentages, case fatality rates were computed. Results: Average age (34 years), female gender (52%), Hispanic ethnicity (69%), residing in the Southern zip codes of Bexar County, and negative vaccination status were associated with the four COVID-19 surges. During all surges, test positivity, hospitalization and mortality rates all increased. Surges coincided with the major public holidays. Conclusion: These findings highlight the association COVID-19 infections with implementing and loosening restrictive policies, along with sociocultural events and public holidays in Bexar County, Texas. Preventative efforts promoted safer behavior and decreased the COVID-19 infection on majority of days during the pandemic except closer to public holidays when a high infection rate was observed in the form of surges. Public Health Significance: Preventative efforts at the local governmental level along with voluntary compliance with restrictive COVID-19 policies by Bexar County Residents are necessary for decreasing community infection and widespread disease.
Review on Bovine Pneumonic Pasteurellosis
Authors:   Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia, Woyessa Mathewos Belina , Ahmed Umer Abdi ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Microbiology Research Laboratory, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis is an economically important disease of cattle mainly in feedlot industry; and is characterized clinically by acute bronchopneumonia with toxemia. The bacteria have many virulence factors like capsule, fimbriae, endotoxin and leukotoxin. The disease is mostly associated with stress factors as the bacteria are commensals in the upper respiratory tract. The most common predisposing factors that expose cattle to bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis are transportation, the presence of concurrent bacterial, viral and parasitic disease, overstocking, any mass veterinary and animal husbandry practices like mass vaccination, prophylactic treatment, castration, docking, dehorning etc. Suddenly change of macro and micro climatic conditions, starvation and water deprivation of cattle can also expose the cattle to pneumonic pasteurellosis. Because they are stress factors that reduce the immune status of animals; as the result the commensal organism becomes pathogenic to stressed cattle and cause bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis can be diagnosed by considering the epidemiology, clinical signs and the necropsy findings. However, confirmatory diagnose of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis is done by isolation and identification of the causative agent from clinical specimens. Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis must be differentiated from CBPP; Infectious Bovine Rhinotrachitis (IBRT), lung worms that have almost similar clinical findings. Treatment of the disease is effective in the early stage of the disease by using different antimicrobial drugs. However, the bacteria have many antimicrobial resistance factors and resistant to many antimicrobial drugs. The disease can be prevented and controlled by reducing stress factors, by improving management, by using antimicrobial drugs in their prophylactic treatment and using effective vaccines. But the presence of many serotypes and antimicrobial resistance factors of the organism make the disease difficult to prevent and control. So that reducing stress factors, performing qualitative antibiogram and using efficient vaccine which contains the major serotypes of Mannheimia haemolytica are crucial to control the disease.
Should Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients go on a Gluten-Free Diet?
Authors:   Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Israel, A Lerner , C Benzvi ,   Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Israel
Published: March 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease are autoimmune inflammatory diseases that share multiple aspects. The only established therapy for celiac disease is the gluten-free diet. The current therapy for rheumatic arthritis patients is mainly pharmaceutical and physiotherapy. The nutritional therapy is in its first steps, while several diets were suggested. A gluten-free diet was preliminarily assessed with some beneficial effects; however, no guidelines exist in the rheumatic, nutritional, nor in autoimmune literature. The present review expends on rheumatoid arthritis - celiac disease relationship, on the gut-joint axis, on the enteric luminal and mucosal eco events in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Various aspects of Gluten-free diet are reported, guidelines for gluten withdrawal are suggested and the beneficial aspects of Gluten-free-Mediterranean diet are described.
Phytochemicals Treatment Decreases Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cell Viability and Invasiveness by Blocking the HPI/AMF Surviving Pathway
Authors:   Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México, Gallardo- Pérez Juan C , Navarro Jorge L Vargas ,   Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México, Robledo- Cadena Diana X ,   Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México, Pacheco-Velázquez Silvia C ,   Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México, A Padilla Flores Joaquín ,   Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México, Moreno-Sánchez Rafael ,   Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México, Rodríguez- Enríquez Sara ,   Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México
Published: March 2024

The advent of natural phytochemicals for interfering with the HPI/AMF (erythrose, Ery) and TGF-ß (sulforaphane, SP) signaling pathways appears as a promising therapeutic strategy against Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSC). The BCSC viability, drug resistance, apoptosis evasion, invasiveness and HPI/AMF signaling axe were analyzed with Ery or SP. HPI/AMF, its downstream targets (H-Ras, p-Akt, p-Erk, NF-kB, p-NF-kB, Wnt/ß-catenin), XIAP, cytokines secretion and the glycoprotein- P increased their contents (2-83 times) in BCSC vs. parental MCF-7 cells. The incubation of BCSC with Ery (80nM/24h) significantly decreased (>85%) the HPI/AMF level, glycoprotein-P, XIAP and the secretion of HPI-AMF/TGF-ß vs. non treated-BCSC, which in turn affected cellular invasiveness. SP (150μM/24h) was unable to affect HPI/AMF axe, although invasiveness was affected (>80%). Ery in combination with SP decreased BCSC viability after 3 days of treatment. These results showed that these phytochemicals are a promising nutrition strategy prompting the design of treatments to blocking cancer relapse induced by CSC.