bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОФІЛАКТИКА ПЛАЦЕНТАРНОЇ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ, ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ФОЛАТІВ
Authors: Mishchenko V. P. , Rudenko I. V. , Golubenko M. M. , Tumasyan K. P.
Published: June 2018

Мета дослідження – знизити частоту плацентарної дисфункції шляхом застосування фолатів до вагітності та за триместрами гестації.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 60 жінок репродуктивного віку, які приймали вітамінний мікроелементний амінокислотний комплекс Наталкер ІІ та стандартну прегравідарну підготовку. Визначали вміст фолієвої кислоти, алелі (гомозиготні, гетерозиготні) гена ферменту фолатного циклу MTHFR (метилентетрагідрофолатредуктази), проводили аналіз перебігу вагітності за триместрами гестації, морфологічно, -гістологічно досліджували плаценти плодів.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. До запліднення показники фолієвої кислоти в межах референтних величин у групі І склали 100,0 %, у групі ІІ – 76,7 %. Рівень фолієвої кислоти змінювався за триместрами гестації: у ІІІ триместрі референтні величини були у 100,0 % вагітних групи І і у 43,3 % – групи ІІ. Поєднаний поліморфізм гена MTHFR був у 63,3 % жінок. Гестаційні ускладнення достовірно переважали у жінок групи ІІ. За даними морфологічного, -гістологічного дослідження, в тканинах плацент плодів жінок групи І виявлено виразний розвиток компенсаторно-пристосувальних реакцій, у групі ІІ – знижений.Висновок. Прийом вітамінного мікроелементного амінокислотного комплексу Наталкер ІІ на етапі преконцепційної підготовки впродовж 3 місяців та Наталкер І до 12 тижнів вагітності, Наталкер ІІ з 13 тижнів до терміну пологів підтверджує його ефективність.
МОРФОМЕТРИЧНА ОЦІНКА ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ РЕМОДЕЛЮВАННЯ АРТЕРІЙ ПЛАЦЕНТИ ПРИ ЗАЛІЗОДЕФІЦИТНІЙ АНЕМІЇ ВАГІТНИХ
Authors: Hnatiuk M. S. , Pokhodun K. A. , Tatarchuk L. V.
Published: June 2018

Мета дослідження – морфометричне вивчення особливостей ремоделювання артерій плаценти при залізодефіцитній анемії вагітних.Матеріали та методи. Комплексом морфологічних методів досліджені плаценти 25 жінок, які були розділені на дві групи. Перша група (контрольна) включала 10 плацент від жінок, вагітність яких проходила без анемії, а також із відсутністю різних патологій посліду, друга – 15 плацент жінок, де при вагітності було діагностовано залізодефіцитну анемію 1 ст. На гістологічних препаратах плаценти проводили морфометрію стовбурових артерій середнього (51–125 мкм) та дрібного (26–50 мкм) калібрів. При цьому вимірювали зовнішній та внутрішній діаметри артерій, товщини медії та адвентиції, висоту ендотеліоцитів, діаметр їх ядер, визначали індекс Вогенворта, ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення в ендотеліоцитах та відносний об’єм ушкоджених ендотеліоцитів. Кількісні показники обробляли статистично.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що залізодефіцитна анемія вагітних призводила до вираженої структурної перебудови артеріального русла з домінуванням морфологічних змін в артеріях дрібного калібру плаценти. Зовнішній діаметр даних судин при цьому виявився збільшеним на 2,3 % порівняно з контролем, а їх внутрішній діаметр зменшився на 12,6 %. Товщина медії артерій дрібного калібру зросла на 17,4 %, товщина адвентиції – на 17,6 %, індекс Вогенворта – у 1,4 раза. У даних патологічних умовах на 4,9 % змінилася висота ендотеліоцитів, а ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення у цих клітинах – на 13,3 %. Останній морфометричний параметр вказував на виражене порушення структурного клітинного гомеостазу в ендотеліоцитах. Відносний об’єм ушкоджених ендотеліоцитів при цьому зріс у 12 разів.Висновки. Залізодефіцитна анемія вагітних призводить до вираженого ремоделювання артерій плаценти, яке характеризується потовщенням їхньої стінки, звуженням просвіту, зростанням індексу Вогенворта, зниженням їх пропускної здатності, ураженням ендотеліоцитів, ендотеліальною дисфункцією, погіршанням кровопостачання органа, гіпоксією, дистрофією, некробіозом клітин і тканин. При залізодефіцитній анемії вагітних більш виражена структурна перебудова спостерігається в артеріях дрібного калібру плаценти.
РЕПРОДУКТИВНА ФУНКЦІЯ У ЖІНОК З АПОПЛЕКСІЄЮ ЯЄЧНИКІВ
Authors: Ishchak O. M. , Semkiv M. R.
Published: June 2018

Мета дослідження – визначити переваги проведення за показанням лапароскопічних операцій при лікуванні апоплексії яєчників, дослідити клінічні особливості даного захворювання.Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовано результати лікування 300 хворих з апоплексією яєчника за період з 2014 по 2017 рік у гінекологічному відділенні Тернопільської міської клінічної лікарні № 2. Питома вага оперативних втручань внаслідок апоплексії яєчника за останні 3 роки склала (11,5±0,5) %. У дослідженні порівнювали методи лапароскопії, лапаротомії та консервативного лікування. Всього за проаналізований період прооперовано 92 жінки. Консервативно проліковано 208 жінок. Також упродовж дослідження вивчали клінічні особливості захворювання залежно від морфологічної структури джерела яєчникової кровотечі.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Дане гостре гінекологічне захворювання найбільш характерне для жінок активного репродуктивного віку. Упродовж дослідження виявлено зниження тривалості виконання лапароскопічних операцій, порівняно з лапаротомічними, на 30,1 % (p<0,05), зменшення часу використання анальгетиків у післяопераційному періоді у 2,5 раза (p<0,05), скорочення терміну постільного режиму на 12–14 годин; субфебрилітет зареєстровано у 1,8 раза (p<0,05) рідше.Висновок. У запропонованій схемі лікування виявлено такі переваги лапароскопії: максимальна візуалізація органів малого таза при мінімальному хірургічному доступі, скорочення тривалості операції (p<0,05), рання мобілізація пацієнток (p<0,05), низький септичний ризик, незначне використання медикаментозних засобів та зниження економічних витрат на лікування у 1,5 раза, зменшення кількості рубцевих змін передньої черевної стінки, кращий косметичний ефект.
ВИВЧЕННЯ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ІММУНОСЕНСОРІВ З ПОГЛЯДУ НА МЕДИЧНІ ЗАВДАННЯ
Authors: Martseniuk V. P. , Klos-Witkowska A. , Sverstiuk A. S.
Published: June 2018

Immunosensors and immunotests are commonly used in medicine, where blood, urine or saliva samples enable concentrations of morphine, progesterone, estradiol, dopamine, insulin to be determined.In this work, the use of immunosensors for the following medical problems is considered: for the quantitative detection of alpha-fetoprotein, for determination of p53 protein in urine for diagnostics bladder cancer, for amperometric determination of carcinoembryonic antigen, for the determination of galectin-3, as biomarker of heart failure, for detecting hepatitis B surface antigen, for sensitive detection of tumor marker for determination of serum level in breast cancer patients.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НОВИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КЛІТИНИ
Authors: Ryabukha O. I.
Published: June 2018

Photographs of ultrathin sections of the studied tissues are subject to the research. According to the method of determining the profiles of specific capabilities of hormonopoietic cells, based on cytophysiology data on the functional values of individual organelles and using elements of the cluster analysis, organelles are divided into separate groups (clusters) in accordance with their specialization in the cell. While applying the method of semi-quantitative analysis of electronograms, the structure and condition of the constituent elements of each cluster are compared with those in analogous ultrastructures both in the normal range and in the studied deviations. While applying the method of semi-quantitative analysis of electronograms, grading scale performs a digital evaluation of the characteristics' severity of each cluster element. The averaged results of the cluster elements evaluation serve as the basis for establishing certain interdependencies between them, which are objectified by correlation analysis with the construction of intra-cluster (intra-system) correlation portraits. For instance, a comparative study of the synthetic capacity of follicular thyrocytes in the thyroid gland of rats is presented through the commonly used linguistic description and analysis of the constructed correlation portrait.Suggested approach to the study of a hormonopoietic cell not only makes it possible to establish interconnections between organelles within a certain cluster and to note the peculiarities of the implementation of a certain activity direction, but also allows to search for potential and reserve capabilities of the cell, which, in its turn, significantly broadens the very idea of its functional capabilities as the basis of life of any biological object.
Empreiteiros e imprensa: a atuação dos empresários da construção pesada junto aos veículos de comunicação antes e durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1988)
Authors: Campos Pedro Henrique Pedreira
Published: June 2018

Este artigo analisa a atuação dos empresários brasileiros da construção pesada junto aos organismos de imprensa antes e durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira. Através do acesso a memórias e fontes primárias do setor, verificamos o elevado interesse desses agentes pelos jornais de grande circulação no país e pelo poder de seus dirigentes, dado o controle que estes dispunham sobre veículos de grande circulação regional e nacional. Notamos uma alteração na atuação dos empresários da construção junto à imprensa antes e durante a ditadura, havendo uma intensificação das ações desses agentes junto a jornais escritos na própria escalada da emergência econômica e política dos empreiteiros após o golpe de 1964.
Os redutos de dominação bandoleira nos sertões de São Bento do Tamanduá: o caso de Januário Garcia Leal, o “Sete orelhas”
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Leonardo de Sousa
Published: June 2018

Nosso trabalho, fruto de nossas pesquisas iniciadas no ano de 2003, visa analisar o tema do bandoleirismo na colônia. Para tal, descortinamos os conceitos de “áreas de mando” e do “mandonismo bandoleiro” para construirmos o conceito de “redutos de dominação bandoleira” – áreas de domínio monopolizadas por bandoleiros em regiões onde o domínio estatal era fraco ou litigante. Nessas regiões, atuavam poderosas quadrilhas de salteadores. O bando de Januário Garcia Leal destacou-se entre estes grupos. Não por acaso o seu líder, por alcunha de “Sete Orelhas”, acabara se tornando uma espécie de bandido-potentado nos inóspitos sertões de São Bento do Tamanduá, atual Itapecerica – MG. Ao final, como ponto fundamental de nossa pesquisa, constatamos que a famosa Lei da Boa Razão, ao desrespeitar os direitos costumeiros, provocou uma nova forma de reação coletiva aos intentos centralistas da Coroa - o bandoleirismo em bandos.
O negócio do pau-brasil, a sociedade mercantil Purry, Mellish and Devisme e o mercado global de corantes: escalas mercantis, instituições e agentes ultramarinos no século XVIII
Authors: Dias Thiago Alves
Published: June 2018

Esse artigo analisa as práticas e instituições mercantis relacionadas ao comércio de pau-brasil extraído das matas do norte do estado do Brasil e destinadas ao mercado de corantes, em Portugal e restante da Europa no século XVIII. A partir da documentação alfandegária da Casa da Índia, além de documentação privativa da sociedade de mercadores ingleses Purry, Mellish and Devisme, demonstramos as dimensões e escalas mercantis, seus contratos, negociações e instituições, que modularam desde as práticas extrativistas nas matas do Brasil para o despacho no porto de Recife até a posterior reexportação via Lisboa para o mercado de corantes no norte da Europa durante o século XVIII.
Quem eram os seguidores de Prisciliano de Ávila? Aristocracias, controvérsia religiosa e monasticismo na Espanha do século IV
Authors: Figuinha Matheus Coutinho
Published: June 2018

Há duas teorias opostas acerca da posição social dos seguidores de Prisciliano de Ávila (†386): uma, certamente a mais aceita, considera-os aristocratas ricos e letrados; a outra, desenvolvida nos anos 1960 e 1970, retrata-os como camponeses pobres e injustiçados. Este artigo contribui para a discussão, ao apresentar um detalhado estudo prosopográfico de todos os seguidores de Prisciliano conhecidos. Argumenta-se que ele atraiu pessoas dos mais diferentes estratos sociais, de humildes clérigos a distintos senadores. Um estudo como este é importante para entendermos melhor as causas do acirrado antagonismo que Prisciliano sofreu e a difusão do monasticismo entre as aristocracias ocidentais no século IV.
Produção da delinquência e rebelião: a fuga de presos da ilha Anchieta em 1952
Authors: Ferreira Dirceu Franco
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo apresentaremos alguns resultados alcançados em recente pesquisa sobre a rebelião e fuga em massa dos presos do Instituto Correcional da Ilha Anchieta, ocorrida em junho de 1952. Num primeiro momento, demonstraremos como o estudo do perfil dos presos da ilha contribuiu para compreender o processo que levou à primeira grande rebelião e fuga em massa de um presídio brasileiro. Sob esse aspecto, a rebelião em 1952 foi o ápice trágico e dramático de uma prática de encarceramento e gestão da delinquência e, de modo complementar, sua ocorrência foi determinada pela natureza das relações estabelecidas entre os agentes ligados ao controle social. Sob este último aspecto, num segundo momento da exposição, demonstraremos de que maneira os conflitos entre funcionários e militares tiveram papel decisivo na deflagração daquela insurgência, fato que repercutiu de modo decisivo na expansão do encarceramento em São Paulo.
VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Induces NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) Cleavage via ADAMs (a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) 9 and 10 to Generate Novel Carboxy-Terminal NRP1 Fragments That Regulate Angiogenic Signaling
Authors: Mehta Vedanta , Fields Laura , Evans Ian M. , Yamaji Maiko , Pellet-Many Caroline , Jones Timothy , Mahmoud Marwa , Zachary Ian
Published: June 2018

Objective—

NRP1(neuropilin-1) acts as a coreceptor for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) with an essential role in angiogenesis. Recent findings suggest that posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of VEGF receptors may be an important mechanism for regulating angiogenesis, but the role of NRP1 proteolysis and the NRP1 species generated by cleavage in endothelial cells is not known. Here, we characterize NRP1 proteolytic cleavage in endothelial cells, determine the mechanism, and investigate the role of NRP1 cleavage in regulation of endothelial cell function.

Approach and Results—

NRP1 species comprising the carboxy (C)-terminal and transmembrane NRP1 domains but lacking the ligand-binding A and B regions are constitutively expressed in endothelial cells. Generation of these C-terminal domain NRP1 proteins is upregulated by phorbol ester and Ca
2+
ionophore, and reduced by pharmacological inhibition of metalloproteinases, by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of 2 members of ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, ADAMs 9 and 10, and by a specific ADAM10 inhibitor. Furthermore, VEGF upregulates expression of these NRP1 species in an ADAM9/10-dependent manner. Transduction of endothelial cells with adenoviral constructs expressing NRP1 C-terminal domain fragments inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase)/KDR (kinase domain insert receptor) and decreased VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis in coculture and aortic ring sprouting assays.

Conclusions—

These findings identify novel NRP1 species in endothelial cells and demonstrate that regulation of NRP1 proteolysis via ADAMs 9 and 10 is a new regulatory pathway able to modulate VEGF angiogenic signaling.
Role of 3-Dimensional Architecture of Scar and Surviving Tissue in Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Pashakhanloo Farhad , Herzka Daniel A. , Halperin Henry , McVeigh Elliot R. , Trayanova Natalia A.
Published: June 2018

Background:

An improved knowledge of the spatial organization of infarct structure and its contribution to ventricular tachycardia (VT) is important for designing optimal treatments. This study explores the relationship between the 3-dimensional structure of the healed infarct and the VT reentrant pathways in high-resolution models of infarcted porcine hearts.

Methods:

Structurally detailed models of infarcted ventricles were reconstructed from ex vivo late gadolinium enhancement and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data of 8 chronically infarcted porcine hearts at submillimeter resolution (0.25×0.25×0.5 mm
3
). To characterize the 3-dimensional structure of surviving tissue in the zone of infarct, a novel scar-mapped thickness metric was introduced. Further, using the ventricular models, electrophysiological simulations were conducted to determine and analyze the 3-dimensional VT pathways that were established in each of the complex infarct morphologies.

Results:

The scar-mapped thickness metric revealed the heterogeneous organization of infarct and enabled us to systematically characterize the distribution of surviving tissue thickness in 8 hearts. Simulation results demonstrated the involvement of a subendocardial tissue layer of varying thickness in the majority of VT pathways. Importantly, they revealed that VT pathways are most frequently established within thin surviving tissue structures of thickness ≤2.2 mm (90th percentile) surrounding the scar.

Conclusions:

The combination of high-resolution imaging data and ventricular simulations revealed the 3-dimensional distribution of surviving tissue surrounding the scar and demonstrated its involvement in VT pathways. The new knowledge obtained in this study contributes toward a better understanding of infarct-related VT.
High Serum Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Söderholm Martin , Nordin Fredrikson Gunilla , Nilsson Jan , Engström Gunnar
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—

Increased degradation of the extracellular matrix in the arterial wall by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been suggested to be involved in matrix degradation preceding SAH. We studied serum levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -10, and -12 and the risk of incident SAH.

Methods—

A nested case–control study within the population-based cohort, Malmö Diet and Cancer study, was performed including incident cases of spontaneous SAH (n=79) and controls matched by age, sex, and follow-up time (n=232). MMPs were measured in serum from the baseline examination in 1991 to 1996. MMPs were compared between cases and controls, using conditional logistic regression adjusting for risk factors.

Results—

Baseline levels of MMP-7, MMP-10, and MMP-12 were significantly higher in incident SAH cases compared with controls. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for SAH per 1 SD increase of MMP-7, MMP-10, and MMP-12 were 1.78 (1.31–2.41), 1.45 (1.11–1.91), and 1.53 (1.17–2.01), respectively. After adjustment for SAH risk factors, MMP-7 was still significantly associated with SAH (odds ratio: 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.19–2.27;
P
=0.0026), whereas associations for MMP-10 and MMP-12 were attenuated and nonsignificant. We did not find any association between high serum levels of MMP-2 or MMP-9 and SAH risk.

Conclusions—

High serum level of MMP-7 was associated with increased risk of incident spontaneous SAH, independently of the main risk factors for SAH. High serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not predict SAH risk.
Liparis vivipara (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: HUANG HUI-XIA , CHEN LI-JUN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN , LI MING-HE
Published: June 2018

A new orchid species, Liparis vivipara (Malaxidinae, Malaxideae, Epidendroideae), from Yunnan Province, China, is illustrated and described based on morphological and molecular analyses. The new plant is remarkably characterised by the upper older pseudobulbs often bearing black bulbils. Molecular analyses of nrITS and plastid matK DNA support this new species as sister to L. formosana and L. odorata.
Revision of the leafhopper genus Soractellus Evans (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of a new species from Pakistan
Authors: NAVEED HASSAN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: June 2018

The leafhopper genus Soractellus Evans, 1966 is reviewed and a new short-winged species, Soractellus lalianensis sp. nov. from Pakistan, is described and illustrated. A key to distinguish all species in this genus is given.
One new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China
Authors: YUJIE DOU , FUMING SHI
Published: June 2018

A new genus of Meconematinae is erected, i.e. Similameconema gen. nov. Nipponomeconema sinica Liu & Wang, 1998 is transferred to the new genus. The morphological characters of the species are supplemented and provided with figures. The main differences between the new genus and the genus Nipponomeconema Yamasaki, 1983 are pronotum with an entire median carina, lateral lobe slightly longer than deep; male 2nd to 5th abdominal tergites with tubular projections; the base of male cercus with a process; genitalia sclerotized. The examined specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Cardiovascular Safety of Psychiatric Agents: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Manolis Theodora A. , Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Antonis S.
Published: June 2018

Psychiatric agents are among the most commonly prescribed medications. Despite the advent of newer generation agents, patients receiving them still experience cardiovascular (CV) side effects. However, these agents may have heterogeneous properties, calling for an individualized approach based on efficacy and also on the particular side effect profile of each specific agent. Proarrhythmic effects arising from drug-induced long-QT syndrome and consequent potentially life-threatening polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias in the form of torsade de pointes, the metabolic syndrome contributing to atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes, and drug-induced orthostatic hypotension raise major concerns. Of course, it is also crucial that fear of potential CV adverse effects does not deprive psychiatric patients of appropriate drug therapy. Modification of CV risk factors in psychiatric patients together with optimal management of their CV diseases and appropriate selection of psychotropic agents with greater efficacy and least CV toxicity are of paramount importance in mitigating CV risks and enhancing safety. Identifying patients at high risk of CV complications and close monitoring of all patients receiving these agents are crucial steps to prevent and manage such complications. All these issues are herein reviewed, relevant guidelines are discussed, and schemas are depicted that illustrate the interrelated connections among the psychotropic agents and their CV effects.
The Zonal Architecture of the Mandibular Condyle Requires ADAMTS5
Authors: Rogers A.W. , Cisewski S.E. , Kern C.B.
Published: June 2018

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (TMJOA) disrupts extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, leading to cartilage degradation. Upregulated a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)–5 leads to cleavage of its substrate aggrecan (Acan) and is considered a hallmark of TMJOA. However, most research on ADAMTS5-Acan turnover has focused on hyaline cartilage, not fibrocartilage, which comprises the TMJ. The mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of the TMJ is organized in zones, and chondrocytes are arranged in axial rows, yet the molecular mechanisms required to generate the MCC zonal architecture have not been elucidated. Here, we test the hypothesis that ADAMTS5 is required for development of the TMJ MCC. Adamts5+/+ and Adamts5–/– murine TMJs were harvested at postnatal day 7 (P7), P21, 2 mo, and 6 mo of age; histomorphometrics indicated increased ECM. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots demonstrated the expanded ECM correlated with increased Acan localization in Adamts5–/– compared to Adamts5+/+. Cell volume was also decreased in the MCC of Adamts5–/– due to both a reduction in cell size and less mature hypertrophic chondrocytes. Analysis of chondrogenic maturation markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated Col2a1, Col10a1, and Sox9 were significantly reduced in Adamts5–/– MCC compared to that of Adamts5+/+. The older (6 mo) Adamts5–/– MCC exhibited changes in chondrogenic cell arrangements, including clustering and chondrogenic atrophy, that correlated with early stages of TMJOA using modified Mankin scoring. These data indicate a potentially novel and critical role of ADAMTS5 for maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes and establishment of the zonal architecture that, when disrupted, may lead to early onset of TMJOA.
Trip and parking generation rates for different housing types: Effects of compact development
Authors: Tian Guang , Park Keunhyun , Ewing Reid
Published: June 2018

Guidelines for trip and parking generation in the United States come mainly from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). However, their trip and parking manuals focus on suburban locations with limited transit and pedestrian access. This study aims to determine how many fewer vehicle trips are generated and how much less parking demand is generated, by different housing types (single-family attached, single-family detached, and apartment and condo) and in different settings (from low density suburban environments to compact, mixed-use urban environments). Using household travel survey data from 30 diverse regions of the United States, we estimate a multilevel negative binomial model of vehicle trip generation and a multilevel Poisson model of vehicle ownership, vehicle trip generation and vehicle ownership being logically modelled as count variables. The models have the expected signs on their coefficients and have respectable explanatory power. Vehicle trip generation and vehicle ownership (and hence parking demand) decrease with the compactness of neighbourhood development, measured with a principal component that depends on activity density, land use diversity, percentage of four-way intersections, transit stop density and employment accessibility (after controlling for sociodemographic variables). The models capture the phenomena of ‘trip degeneration’ and ‘car shedding’ as development patterns become more compact. Reducing the number of required parking spaces, and vehicle trips for which mitigation is required, creates the potential for significant savings when developing urban projects. Guidelines are provided for using study results in transportation planning.
Rapid growth of pulmonary artery after intrapulmonary artery septation
Authors: Agematsu Kota , Okamura Toru , Takiguchi Yoji , Yoneyama Fumiya , Harada Yorikazu
Published: June 2018

Intrapulmonary artery septation is employed in patients with unbalanced pulmonary artery growth. A baby girl received a systemic pulmonary shunt in the neonatal period and bilateral Glenn shunts in early infancy. Once the Glenn shunts were established, the right pulmonary artery became hypoplastic. We performed intrapulmonary artery septation involving the Glenn shunts to the left pulmonary artery and the systemic pulmonary shunt to the right pulmonary artery. As early as 3 months after intrapulmonary artery septation, right pulmonary artery growth was observed. Eventually, Fontan circulation was achieved with fenestration.
Does the type of cardioplegia used during valve surgery influence operative nadir hematocrit and transfusion requirements?
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Tesdahl Eric A. , Mongero Linda B. , Stasko Andrew
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Myocardial protection is performed using diverse cardioplegic (CP) solutions with various combinations of chemical and blood constituents. Newer CP formulations that extend ischemic intervals may require greater asanguineous volume, contributing to hemodilution.

Methods:

We evaluated intraoperative hemodilution and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates among three common CP solutions during cardiac valve surgery. Data from 5,830 adult cardiac primary valve procedures where either four-to-one blood CP (4:1), del Nido solution (DN) or microplegia (MP) was used at 173 United States surgical centers. The primary outcome was the nadir hematocrit (Hct) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), with a secondary outcome of total units of RBC transfused intraoperatively. Outcomes were assessed using mixed-effects regression, with controls for patient size, age, first Hct in the operating room, ultrafiltration volume, net bypass circuit priming volume, anesthesia and perfusion asanguineous volumes, cross-clamp and total procedure times, procedure type, reoperation, hospital, surgeon and twelve other patient and procedural variables.

Results:

A total of 2,641 patients received 4:1 (45.3%), 1,864 received DN (32.0%) and 1,325 received MP (22.7%). There were only slight differences in the central tendency (mean (SD)) for crude nadir Hct on CPB: 4:1, 25.5 (4.5), DN, 26.0 (4.6) and MP, 26.5 (4.7). After controlling for numerous operative and patient characteristics, the regression-adjusted estimate of the nadir Hct on CPB for MP was 26.2%, compared to 25.7% for 4:1 and 25.7% for DN; differences between MP and the other methods were statistically significant (p<0.01). Unadjusted mean RBC units transfused per patient was very similar across the groups (4:1, 2.2; MP, 2.3; DN, 2.4). Regression-adjusted estimates for the number of units of RBC transfused intraoperatively showed no statistically significant differences between CP methods.

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery, the type of CP did not have a strong clinical impact on hemodilution or transfusion. Choice of a myocardial preservation solution can be made independently of its effect on intraoperative Hct.
Using TurbSim stochastic simulator to improve accuracy of computational modelling of wind in the built environment
Authors: Bashirzadeh Tabrizi Amir , Wu Binxin , Whale Jonathan , Shahabi Lotfabadi Maryam
Published: June 2018

Small wind turbines are often sited in more complex environments than in open terrain. These sites include locations near buildings, trees and other obstacles, and in such situations, the wind is normally highly three-dimensional, turbulent, unstable and weak. There is a need to understand the turbulent flow conditions for a small wind turbine in the built environment. This knowledge is crucial for input into the design process of a small wind turbine to accurately predict blade fatigue loads and lifetime and to ensure that it operates safely with a performance that is optimized for the environment. Computational fluid dynamics is a useful method to provide predictions of local wind flow patterns and to investigate turbulent flow conditions at small wind turbine sites, in a manner that requires less time and investment than actual measurements. This article presents the results of combining a computational fluid dynamics package (ANSYS CFX software) with a stochastic simulator (TurbSim) as an approach to investigate the turbulent flow conditions on the rooftop of a building where small wind turbines are sited. The findings of this article suggest that the combination of a computational fluid dynamics package with the TurbSim stochastic simulator is a promising tool to assess turbulent flow conditions for small wind turbines on the roof of buildings. In particular, in the prevailing wind direction, the results show a significant gain in accuracy in using TurbSim to generate wind speed and turbulence kinetic energy profiles for the inlet of the computational fluid dynamics domain rather than using a logarithmic wind-speed profile and a pre-set value of turbulence intensity in the computational fluid dynamics code. The results also show that small wind turbine installers should erect turbines in the middle of the roof of the building and avoid the edges of the roof as well as areas on the roof close to the windward and leeward walls of the building in the prevailing wind direction.
Neural network–based improved active and reactive power control of wind-driven double fed induction generator under varying operating conditions
Authors: Hore Debirupa , Sarma Runumi
Published: June 2018

Artificial neural network–based power controllers are trained using back propagation algorithm for controlling the active and reactive power of a wind-driven double fed induction generator under varying wind speed conditions and fault conditions. Vector control scheme is used for control of the double fed induction generator. Here stator flux–oriented vector control scheme is implemented for the rotor side converter and grid voltage vector scheme is used for control of grid side converter using tuned proportional–integral active and reactive power controllers, which is later replaced by artificial neural network–based controllers. The artificial neural network controllers are trained using the data obtained from simulation of conventional proportional–integral controllers under varying operating conditions. The intelligent controller makes the generated stator active power to track the reference active power more precisely at specified power factor in both sub-synchronous and super-synchronous modes of operations. Simulation results reveal that the neural network–based controller significantly improves the performance of variable speed wind power generating double fed induction generator under various conditions.
Decreasing preventable emergency department transfers for long-term care residents using PREVIEW-ED©
Authors: ElBestawi Marilyn R. , Kohm Catherine
Published: June 2018

Healthcare organizations and governments are exploring new methods to deliver cost-effective, quality care to the frail elderly. Given the projected increase in Canada’s elderly population, ensuring that residents receive the right care, at the right time, in the right location is pivotal to this goal. Practical Routine Elder Variants Indicate Early Warning for Emergency Department has been developed as a quality improvement tool. Two pilot studies, one in Ontario and one in British Columbia, have shown promising results. Health leaders in acute care will benefit from improved Emergency Department (ED) utilization and less congested bed flow. Long-term care leaders can achieve fewer transfers to the ED, better quality outcomes, reduced costs from ED-acquired iatrogenic complications, enhanced communication with families, and improved staff confidence and morale. The health system benefits include reduced costs from fewer transfers and complications and enhanced collaboration between healthcare sectors.
Nonlinear approach on torsional buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded cylindrical shells reinforced by orthogonal and spiral stiffeners in thermal environment
Authors: Thi Phuong Nguyen , Thanh Luan Dang , Nam Vu Hoai , Hieu Pham Thanh
Published: June 2018

A new nonlinear approach on the buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded orthogonal and/or spiral-stiffened circular cylindrical shells subjected to torsional loads is proposed in this paper. The shells skin are stiffened by eccentrically rings, stringers, and/or spiral stiffeners at the surface of shells assuming that the material distribution laws of shell skin and stiffeners are graded by two distribution models. Lekhnitskii’s smeared stiffeners technique is improved for spiral stiffeners with effect of thermal terms. This is the significant novelty and scientific contribution of this paper. Theoretical formulations were established by using the Donnell shell theory taking into account the geometrical nonlinearity of von Kármán. The obtained results investigated in numerical forms show effects of volume fraction exponent of shell skin and stiffeners, geometrical parameter and stiffeners on the torsional buckling, and postbuckling behavior of functionally graded cylindrical shells. Especially, very large effects of spiral stiffeners on torsional stability behavior are obtained in comparison with same quantity material of orthogonal stiffeners.
Influences of trailing boundary layer velocity profiles on wake vortex formation in a high-subsonic-turbine cascade
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wen Fengbo , Zhang Shibo , Zhang Shenzhan , Zhou Xun
Published: June 2018

In this paper, delayed detached eddy simulations are performed to study wake flows of a turbine blade at a high subsonic exit Mach number, [Formula: see text], and high Reynolds number, [Formula: see text], based on the chord length and outlet velocity. It is found that a slight change in the trailing suction profile would have a big influence on the formation of wake vortex street, which is believed to be caused by the change in the boundary layer state near the trailing edge, and suction boundary layer with a fuller velocity profile tends to destabilize the wake flow, promoting the generation of wake vortex and enhancing the unsteady effect. Local spatial-temporal stability analyses of the wake velocity profiles suggest that wake flows with asymmetric velocity profiles might have a stabilizing effect. It is suggested that the vortex formation and its strength can be controlled by making some slight modifications on the rear blade suction surface, and the mixing loss in the wake can be reduced due to a weaker unsteady effect.
Bovine pancreatolithiasis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: López Alfonso , McKenna Shawn
Published: June 2018

An 8-y-old lactating Holstein cow was presented to the herd veterinarian with a history of acute ataxia, and because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. A lumbar vertebra was incompletely fractured and had an adjacent subdural hematoma. The pancreas had a hard texture with exaggerated nodular appearance, and on cut surface, the pancreatic ducts appeared fibrotic and contained scores of round-to-faceted pancreatoliths of 0.5–2.0 mm diameter. These calculi extended from the major ducts to the pancreatic duct, sphincter, and into the duodenal lumen. Microscopically, the pancreas had severe acinar atrophy and dissecting glandular fibrosis. The major pancreatic ducts were ulcerated with fibrosis and inflammation. In humans, chronic pancreatitis has been linked to osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fractures. Manual evaluation of ribs at the time of autopsy did not reveal abnormalities in bone pliability or fragility in our cow.
Feminist Digital Research Methodology for Rhetoricians of Health and Medicine
Authors: De Hertogh Lori Beth
Published: June 2018

This article argues that rhetoricians of health and medicine can benefit from new methodological orientations that more fully account for conducting digital research within vulnerable online communities. More specifically, this article introduces a feminist digital research methodology, an intersectional methodology that helps rhetoricians of health and medicine contend with the overlapping rhetorical, technological, and ethical frameworks affecting how we understand and collect health information, particularly within vulnerable online communities. The author considers methodological shifts in Internet research ethics, rhetorics of health and medicine, and feminist rhetorics as well as definitions and conceptions of online communities and vulnerability. The author next draws from a 5-year case study of an online childbirth community to demonstrate how a feminist digital research methodology offers an alternative methodological orientation that helps researchers navigate ethical decision-making practices that arise from conducting health research within vulnerable online communities. Finally, the author outlines the broader implications of this methodology by suggesting three ways that scholars can use it within and beyond the field.
Developing Peer Support for Adults Bereaved Through Substance Use
Authors: Standing Oliver , Dickie Jo , Templeton Lorna
Published: June 2018

The impacts of a bereavement through substance use are many and profound and include guilt, loneliness, stigma, and mixed responses from professionals and others. It seems that those who are bereaved in this way have a particular and unique experience of grief, which many feel is disenfranchised. Support needs to be credible as well as effective, yet up until now little specialist help has been available. In particular, help from a peer who has been there brings authenticity, can lead to the sense of a safe space where those bereaved feel listened to in an empathic manner, and permit the expression of grief which is often disenfranchised. The article is structured around the experiences of someone bereaved through alcohol use who went on to volunteer for a peer support project. Her powerful testimony articulates the wider findings of two recent United Kingdom projects (one includes the peer support project) conducted by the authors.
Friction and wear behaviors of sand particle against casing steel
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Deguo , Guo Yanbao , Liu Shuhai
Published: June 2018

Tools abrasive wear due to sand particles has caused severe damage during oil and gas exploitation. The friction and wear behaviors of single quartz sand particle against N80 casing steel were investigated to estimate the particle transport resistance and particle abrasive wear behavior using a homemade tribometer in wellbore sand cleanout. Various measurements were conducted to research the impact factor of particle under different water processing condition, dry, short immersion, wet, influences of load and slide velocity. Experimental results indicated that particle-casing friction resistance is mainly formed due to plowing and adhesion effect. Casing transfer and plowing removal are two main damage forms. Particle real contact area increases noticeably after water absorption, which decreases the hertz contact stress and finally produces less plowing depth of casing steel and causes less damage. With load increasing, friction resistance and wear increase with addition of plowing depth. A simple particle-casing friction model was established considering the experimental contact behavior.
Traumatic aortic injury presenting to an adult major trauma centre
Authors: Bade-Boon Jordan , Mathew Joseph K , Fitzgerald Mark C , Mitra Biswadev
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Traumatic aortic injury is an uncommon condition. Timely diagnosis may enable early haemostatic resuscitation, essential to prevent worsening of the injury prior to definitive management. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of initial vital signs and presenting clinical characteristics to confirm or rule out aortic injury.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients from The Alfred Trauma Registry was conducted. Patients presenting between January 2006 and July 2014 and diagnosed with aortic injury were identified. Demographics and presenting clinical characteristics were extracted. Sensitivity of individual clinical variables for the detection of aortic injury was calculated.

Results

There were 77 patients identified with aortic injury, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 19.5% (95% CI: 10.6–28.3%). Of these, 68 (88.3%) patients presented after high-energy blunt mechanisms. Clinical signs and early chest X-ray findings were poorly sensitive to detect aortic injury. Patients who presented with hypotension had a greater severity of aortic injury, more commonly had associated abnormal investigation findings and were more likely to require blood products and inotropic agents (p < 0.05). However, sensitivity of initial hypotension to rule out aortic injury was 39.0% (95% CI: 28.1–49.9%).

Conclusions

The diagnosis of aortic injury was uncommon in hospital. Most injuries were secondary to high-velocity road traffic crashes or high falls. Clinical signs were not adequately sensitive to be used for the exclusion of aortic injury. We recommend a high degree of clinical suspicion and liberal imaging among cases where aortic injury is possible.
Minority-world professionals in majority-world early childhood contexts: How do international field experiences promote intercultural competence or reinforce “professional” ethnocentrism?
Authors: Madrid Akpovo Samara , Nganga Lydiah
Published: June 2018

This colloquium problematizes the use of early childhood international field experiences as a tool for professional development with Euro-Western pre-service and in-service teachers. The authors critique experiences where minority-world educators teach or implement internships within majority-world contexts. It is critical for Euro-Western teacher education programs to provide pre-service and in-service teachers with opportunities to expand their global views of the early childhood professional through international field experiences. But how can this be done when conceptions of the “professional” are constructed in Euro-Western images, ideas, curricula, ideologies, and privilege? The authors make a call for early childhood teacher educators to reconsider, deconstruct, and re-examine themselves and their pre-service and in-service teachers’ rationale for engaging in international field experiences.
‘I’m a kid from the Bronx’: A reflection on the enduring contributions of Willis’s cultural production perspective in Learning to Labour
Authors: Nolan Kathleen
Published: June 2018

In this essay, the author discusses the enduring significance of Paul Willis’s theorizations of cultural production and social reproduction as delineated in his classic work, Learning to Labour (1977). She reflects on the ways Willis’s theory informs her experiences as a high school teacher and, later, as an ethnographer examining school policing in the Bronx. The author uses data on her research participants’ experiences of schooling, the police, and the labour market within the context of neoliberal capitalism, ghettoization, and the intensified use of police force to show how a cultural production lens can provide important insights into the collective and spatialized experience of racial and class oppression. Further, the author argues that despite intensified repression in schools attended by poor and working class students of colour in US ghettoized areas, the transformative impulses within non-conformity signal a cogent social critique and can become a springboard for political action.
A Comparison of In-Vivo and Videoconference Momentary Time Sampling Observations of On-Task Behavior
Authors: Fischer Aaron J. , Dart Evan H. , Lehman Erica , Polakoff Ben , Wright Sarah J.
Published: June 2018

Systematic direct observation (SDO) is frequently used in schools to document student response to evidence-based interventions, determine eligibility for special education services, and provide objective data during high-stakes decisions. However, there are several limitations associated with this widely used data collection tool including a shortage of service providers available to implement it and the significant travel time required for itinerant personnel. Using videoconferencing (VC) software to aid in the implementation of SDO is an intuitive application of technology that stands to increase the feasibility and efficiency with which SDO can be utilized in research and practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and equivalence of the results generated from two modes of SDO, traditional in-vivo SDO and SDO conducted through VC software. The results suggest that VC SDO produces estimates of student on-task behavior that are practically equivalent (i.e., ±3%) to estimates generated through traditional SDO. Furthermore, two frequently used reliability indices indicate that VC SDO results are adequately reliable against traditional in-vivo SDO. Implications for school-based practice are discussed.
Thinking Caps
Authors: Syeed Esa
Published: June 2018

Esa Syeed on a spring trend of self-expression: the mortar board.
Fallen Columns Tell Credible Stories
Authors: Gieryn Thomas F.
Published: June 2018

Understanding a truth-spot may require leap of faith.