bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of supplementing diets with propolis on productive performance, egg quality traits and some haematological variables of laying hens
Authors: Abdel‐Kareem A. A. A. , El‐Sheikh T. M.
Published: November 2015

One hundred and twenty eight, 28‐weeks‐old Lohmann LSL hybrid layers were used in this experiment, which lasted 12 weeks to investigate the effect of propolis supplementation on the productive performance, egg quality traits and haematological variables of laying hens. All hens were randomly classified into four equal experimental groups, eight replicates (4 birds/each). Hens in group 1 were fed on a commercial diet and considered as control group, while those in groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on the same commercial diet and supplemented with 250, 500 and 1000 mg propolis/kg diet. The obtained results revealed that daily feed consumption/hen increased insignificantly with increasing propolis level than that of the control group. Regarding the means of egg mass and egg production rate, it was observed that the laying hens fed diets containing 250 and 1000 mg propolis/kg significantly (p < 0.05) produced more and heaver egg in comparison with control group. External egg quality traits have not affected with increasing the level of propolis, while eggshell weight was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The internal egg quality traits except albumen and yolk percentages increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing propolis level for treated hens as compared to those in the control. Concerning the haematological parameters, the results showed that the levels of total protein and globulin increased significantly with increasing propolis level, while cholesterol and liver enzymes were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Heterophils count of hens in the treated groups significantly decreased, whereas the lymphocyte count significantly increased, resulting in a decreased H/L ratio than that of the control group. Thus, it could be concluded that the supplementation of 250 mg propolis/kg diet is highly recommended to improving egg production, blood constituent and haematological parameters of the commercial laying hens.
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens
Authors: Forte C. , Moscati L. , Acuti G. , Mugnai C. , Franciosini M. P. , Costarelli S. , Cobellis G. , Trabalza‐Marinucci M.
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different probiotic micro‐organisms on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of organically reared hens. A total of 900 16‐week‐old Hy‐Line layer hybrids were randomly assigned to three groups of 300 birds each. The control (CTR) group was fed a corn–soya bean cake‐based diet; the L group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus, while the B group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.05% Bacillus subtilis. Data were recorded at the beginning (weeks 5 and 6: T1) and at the end (weeks 19 and 20: T2) of the experiment, and no differences in hen performance were recorded between dietary groups or sampling times. All of the investigated clinical chemistry parameters, except GGT, were affected by diet (p < 0.05), with the best results recorded for the probiotic‐treated groups. The immune‐response values showed higher blood bactericidal activity in the B and L groups at T2 (p < 0.05) and a lower lysozime concentration in the B group at T1. Higher antibody production against Newcastle disease virus was observed in the L group compared to the CTR (p = 0.013). No differences in oxidative status were recorded, and no effects of diet on egg quality were observed. Among the physical egg characteristics, only the Roche scale colour was affected by diet (p < 0.05): the egg yolk was paler in the L group. The age of the hen was the most relevant factor affecting physical egg characteristics. The chemical parameters of the egg were almost unaffected by supplementation with probiotics except for the lipid content, which decreased with the L diet (p < 0.05). Both probiotic inclusions had beneficial effects on hen metabolism and welfare, and L. acidophilus induced the best immune response.
Oral creatine supplementation on performance of Quarter Horses used in barrel racing
Authors: Teixeira F. A. , Araújo A. L. , Ramalho L. O. , Adamkosky M. S. , Lacerda T. F. , Coelho C. S.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral creatine supplementation on the athletic performance of equines used for barrel racing. Ten healthy Quarter Horses, or Quarter Horse crossbred, weighing 429.7 ± 25.3 kg and with mean age of 3.8 ± 1.2 years, were used. Animals were evaluated in four different moments (M1, M2, M3, M4), and between M3 and M4, they were supplemented with 28 g of creatine/100 kg of body weight, orally, for 45 days. Although significant alterations forLDHactivity, plasma glucose and packed cell volume were observed, it was possible to conclude that there was no improvement in the athletic performance for the animals used on the experiment, as there were no changes in time scores, heart rate and plasma lactate, variables considered as performance indicators, before and after supplementation.
Effect of dietary inclusion of spray‐dried porcine plasma on performance, some physiological and immunological response of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella sofia
Authors: Beski S. S. M. , Swick R. A. , Iji P. A.
Published: November 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of spray‐dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in broiler chickens under Salmonella sofia disease challenge. The experiment comprised five starter diets: positive control (no supplement), diet supplemented with in‐feed antibiotics (IFA; salinomycin 0.05% + zinc bacitracin 0.033%) and diets supplemented with SDPP at 10 or 20 g/kg diet. All four of these groups were challenged with S. sofia, while a fifth group was unchallenged and used as the negative control. The experimental diets were fed to 14 days; then, the birds were switched to commercial‐type grower and finisher diets. Oral inoculation of the challenged groups with S. sofia occurred on day 8, 10 and 12. Body weight was significantly higher in the birds fed diets containing IFA and SDPP than in the challenged control group, but it was only significant in starter and grower phases. In general, there was an improvement in the weights of the immune‐related organs, but it was only significant for the weight of the bursa of SDPP‐fed birds at 13 days. At day 13, blood potassium content was lower and the concentrations of IgG and IgM tended to be lower in the birds fed on low‐SDPP starter diets than those of the other groups. There were significant differences in the concentration of lactic acid in the ileum and acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid in the caeca. Inclusion of SDPP to the starter diets of broiler chicks had positive effects on broiler performance, immunity and gut health during exposure to highly pathogenic conditions.
Clinical and Pathological Features of Pheochromocytoma in the Horse: A Multi‐Center Retrospective Study of 37 Cases (2007–2014)
Authors: Luethy D. , Habecker P. , Murphy B. , Nolen‐Walston R.
Published: November 2015

Background

Pheochromocytoma is the most common adrenal medullary neoplasm of domestic animals, but it is rare in horses. Antemortem diagnosis in horses is difficult, with clinical signs often being vague or non‐specific.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of pheochromocytoma in horses.

Animals

Thirty‐seven horses diagnosed with pheochromocytoma based on postmortem examination from 2007 to 2014.

Methods

Retrospective case series.

Results

Pheochromocytoma was identified in 37/4094 horses during postmortem examination. Clinical signs consistent with pheochromocytoma had been observed antemortem in only 7 cases, with the remainder being incidental findings. Colic was the most common presenting complaint (13 of 37 cases) and tachycardia was noted in 95% of cases (median heart rate of 86 bpm in clinical cases). Hyperlactatemia (median, 4.9 mmol/L) and hyperglycemia (median, 184 mg/dL) were the most common clinicopathologic abnormalities. Hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of pheochromocytoma was noted in 4/7 clinical cases. Concurrent endocrine abnormalities (eg, thyroid adenoma, adrenal hyperplasia, pituitary pars intermedia hyperplasia or adenoma, parathyroid C‐cell carcinoma) were found in 27/37 horses, with 8/37 horses having lesions consistent with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome as described in humans.

Conclusions

Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 0.95% of horses presented for necropsy. The majority of these were incidental findings, but pheochromocytoma was thought to contribute to clinical findings in 19% of cases, and multiple endocrine neoplasms were commonly seen. Usually an incidental finding at necropsy, pheochromocytoma may cause acute death from intraperitoneal exsanguination and should be considered in horses presenting with colic, tachycardia, and hemoperitoneum.
Genetic differentiation and reduced genetic diversity at the northern range edge of two species with different dispersal modes
Authors: Cahill Abigail E. , Levinton Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2015

Theory predicts that genetic variation should be reduced at range margins, but empirical support is equivocal. Here, we used genotyping‐by‐sequencing technology to investigate genetic variation in central and marginal populations of two species in the marine gastropod genusCrepidula. These two species have different development and dispersal types and might therefore show different spatial patterns of genetic variation. Both allelic richness and the proportion of private alleles were highest in the most central populations of both species, and lower at the margin. The species with low dispersal,Crepidula convexa, showed high degrees of structure throughout the range that conform to the pattern found in previous studies using other molecular markers. The northernmost populations of the high‐dispersing species,Crepidula fornicata, are distinct from more central populations, although this species has been previously observed to have little genetic structure over much of its range. Although genetic diversity was significantly lower at the range margin, the absolute reduction in diversity observed with these genomewide markers was slight, and it is not yet known whether there are functional consequences for the marginal populations.
Gene expression patterns underlying parasite‐induced alterations in host behaviour and life history
Authors: Feldmeyer Barbara , Mazur Johanna , Beros Sara , Lerp Hannes , Binder Harald , Foitzik Susanne
Published: November 2015

Many parasites manipulate their hosts’ phenotype. In particular, parasites with complex life cycles take control of their intermediate hosts’ behaviour and life history to increase transmission to their definitive host. The proximate mechanisms underlying these parasite‐induced alterations are poorly understood. The cestode Anomotaenia brevis affects the behaviour, life history and morphology of parasitized Temnothorax nylanderi ants and indirectly of their unparasitized nestmates. To gain insights on how parasites alter host phenotypes, we contrast brain gene expression patterns of T. nylanderi workers parasitized with the cestode, their unparasitized nestmates and unparasitized workers from unparasitized colonies. Over 400 differentially expressed genes between the three groups were identified, with most uniquely expressed genes detected in parasitized workers. Among these are genes that can be linked to the increased lifespan of parasitized workers. Furthermore, many muscle (functionality) genes are downregulated in these workers, potentially causing the observed muscular deformations and their inactive behaviour. Alterations in lifespan and activity could be adaptive for the parasite by increasing the likelihood that infected workers residing in acorns are eaten by their definitive host, a woodpecker. Our transcriptome analysis reveals numerous gene expression changes in parasitized workers and their uninfected nestmates and indicates possible routes of parasite manipulation. Although causality still needs to be established, parasite‐induced alterations in lifespan and host behaviour appear to be partly explained by morphological muscle atrophy instead of central nervous system interference, which is often the core of behavioural regulation. Results of this study will shed light upon the molecular basis of antagonistic species interactions.
The legacy of a vanished sea: a high level of diversification within a European freshwater amphipod species complex driven by 15 My of Paratethys regression
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Wattier Remi , Burzyński Artur , Grabowski Michał
Published: November 2015

The formation of continental Europe in the Neogene was due to the regression of the Tethys Ocean and of the Paratethys Sea. The dynamic geology of the area and repetitious transitions between marine and freshwater conditions presented opportunities for the colonization of newly emerging hydrological networks and diversification of aquatic biota. Implementing mitochondrial and nuclear markers in conjunction with a large‐scale sampling strategy, we investigated the impact of this spatiotemporal framework on the evolutionary history of a freshwater crustacean morphospecies. TheGammarus balcanicusspecies complex is widely distributed in the area previously occupied by the Paratethys Sea. Our results revealed its high diversification and polyphyly in relation to a number of other morphospecies. The distribution of the studied amphipod is generally characterized by very high local endemism and divergence. The Bayesian time‐calibrated reconstruction of phylogeny and geographical distribution of ancestral nodes indicates that this species complex started to diversify in the Early Miocene in the central Balkans, partially in the shallow epicontinental sea. It is possible that there were several episodes of inland water colonization by local brackish water lineages. Subsequent diversification within clades and spread to new areas could have been induced by Alpine orogeny in the Miocene/Pliocene and, finally, by Pleistocene glaciations. The present distribution of clades, in many cases, still reflects Miocene palaeogeography of the area. Our results point out that investigations of the historical aspect of cryptic diversity in other taxa may help in a general understanding of the origins of freshwater invertebrate fauna of Europe.
Natural epigenetic variation contributes to heritable flowering divergence in a widespread asexual dandelion lineage
Authors: Wilschut Rutger A. , Oplaat Carla , Snoek L. Basten , Kirschner Jan , Verhoeven Koen J. F.
Published: November 2015

Epigenetic variation has been proposed to contribute to the success of asexual plants, either as a contributor to phenotypic plasticity or by enabling transient adaptation via selection on transgenerationally stable, but reversible, epialleles. While recent studies in experimental plant populations have shown the potential for epigenetic mechanisms to contribute to adaptive phenotypes, it remains unknown whether heritable variation in ecologically relevant traits is at least partially epigenetically determined in natural populations. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation variation contributes to heritable differences in flowering time within a single widespread apomictic clonal lineage of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale s. lat.). Apomictic clone members of the same apomictic lineage collected from different field sites showed heritable differences in flowering time, which was correlated with inherited differences in methylation‐sensitive AFLP marker profiles. Differences in flowering between apomictic clone members were significantly reduced after in vivo demethylation using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine. This synchronization of flowering times suggests that flowering time divergence within an apomictic lineage was mediated by differences in DNA methylation. While the underlying basis of the methylation polymorphism at functional flowering time‐affecting loci remains to be demonstrated, our study shows that epigenetic variation contributes to heritable phenotypic divergence in ecologically relevant traits in natural plant populations. This result also suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can facilitate adaptive divergence within genetically uniform asexual lineages.
The role of defensive ecological interactions in the evolution of conotoxins
Authors: Prashanth J. R. , Dutertre S. , Jin A. H. , Lavergne V. , Hamilton B. , Cardoso F. C. , Griffin J. , Venter D. J. , Alewood P. F. , Lewis R. J.
Published: November 2015

Venoms comprise of complex mixtures of peptides evolved for predation and defensive purposes. Remarkably, some carnivorous cone snails can inject two distinct venoms in response to predatory or defensive stimuli, providing a unique opportunity to study separately how different ecological pressures contribute to toxin diversification. Here, we report the extraordinary defensive strategy of the Rhizoconus subgenus of cone snails. The defensive venom from this worm‐hunting subgenus is unusually simple, almost exclusively composed of αD‐conotoxins instead of the ubiquitous αA‐conotoxins found in the more complex defensive venom of mollusc‐ and fish‐hunting cone snails. A similarly compartmentalized venom gland as those observed in the other dietary groups facilitates the deployment of this defensive venom. Transcriptomic analysis of a Conus vexillum venom gland revealed the αD‐conotoxins as the major transcripts, with lower amounts of 15 known and four new conotoxin superfamilies also detected with likely roles in prey capture. Our phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis of the αD‐conotoxins from five subgenera of cone snails suggests they evolved episodically as part of a defensive strategy in the Rhizoconus subgenus. Thus, our results demonstrate an important role for defence in the evolution of conotoxins.
Preadult life history variation determines adult transcriptome expression
Authors: Etges William J. , de Oliveira Cássia , Rajpurohit Subhash , Gibbs Allen G.
Published: November 2015

Preadult determinants of adult fitness and behaviour have been documented in a variety of organisms with complex life cycles, but little is known about expression patterns of genes underlying these adult traits. We explored the effects of differences in egg‐to‐adult development time on adult transcriptome and cuticular hydrocarbon variation in order to understand the nature of the genetic correlation between preadult development time and premating isolation between populations of Drosophila mojavensis reared in different host cactus environments. Transcriptome variation was analysed separately in flies reared on each host and revealed that hundreds of genes in adults were differentially expressed (FDR P < 0.05) due to development time differences. For flies reared on pitaya agria cactus, longer preadult development times caused increased expression of genes in adults enriched for ribosome production, protein metabolism, chromatin remodelling and regulation of alternate splicing and transcription. Baja California flies reared on organ pipe cactus showed fewer differentially expressed genes in adults due to longer preadult development time, but these were enriched for ATP synthesis and the TCA cycle. Mainland flies reared on organ pipe cactus with shorter development times showed increased transcription of genes enriched for mitochondria and energy production, protein synthesis and glucose metabolism: adults with longer development times had increased expression of genes enriched for adult life span, cuticle proteins and ion binding, although most differentially expressed genes were unannotated. Differences due to population, sex, mating status and their interactions were also assessed. Adult cuticular hydrocarbon profiles also showed shifts due to egg‐to‐adult development time and were influenced by population and mating status. These results help to explain why preadult life history variation determines subsequent expression of the adult transcriptome along with traits involved with reproductive isolation and revealed previously undocumented connections between genetic and environmental influences over the entire life cycle in this desert insect.
Macrophages: An Inflammatory Link Between Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Corliss Bruce A. , Azimi Mohammad S. , Munson Jennifer M. , Peirce Shayn M. , Murfee Walter L.
Published: November 2015

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis often occur in response to tissue injury or in the presence of pathology (e.g., cancer), and it is these types of environments in which macrophages are activated and increased in number. Moreover, the blood vascular microcirculation and the lymphatic circulation serve as the conduits for entry and exit for monocyte‐derived macrophages in nearly every tissue and organ. Macrophages both affect and are affected by the vessels through which they travel. Therefore, it is not surprising that examination of macrophage behaviors in both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis has yielded interesting observations that suggest macrophages may be key regulators of these complex growth and remodeling processes. In this review, we will take a closer look at macrophages through the lens of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, examining how their dynamic behaviors may regulate vessel sprouting and function. We present macrophages as a cellular link that spatially and temporally connects angiogenesis with lymphangiogenesis, in both physiological growth and in pathological adaptations, such as tumorigenesis. As such, attempts to therapeutically target macrophages in order to affect these processes may be particularly effective, and studying macrophages in both settings will accelerate the field's understanding of this important cell type in health and disease.
Sustained efficacy of the novel topical repellent TT‐4302 against mosquitoes and ticks
Authors: BISSINGER B. W. , KENNEDY M. K. , CARROLL S. P.
Published: November 2015

Mosquitoes and ticks are blood‐feeding pests of humans and animals that can vector many important aetiological agents of disease. Previous research demonstrated that TT‐4302 (Guardian® Wilderness) containing 5% geraniol applied to human subjects gave 5–6 h of repellency against mosquitoes (depending on species) and was repellent to ticks in vitro. This study was conducted to obtain an independent third‐party evaluation of TT‐4302 against Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and to test the efficacy of the product in the field against ticks. TT‐4302 provided an average of 6.5 h of repellency of ≥ 95% [Weibull mean protection time: 7.4 h, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–11.3 h] for St. aegypti, whereas a 15% DEET formulation provided 4.7 h of repellency (Weibull mean protection time: 5.2 h, 95% CI 3.7–6.9 h). In tick field trials, the efficacy of TT‐4302 did not differ significantly from that of a 25% DEET formulation against Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae). TT‐4302 was 81.3% repellent at 2.5 h after application, whereas DEET was 77.2% repellent at the same time‐point. Results at 3.5 h after application were 71.4% for TT‐4302 and 72.9% for DEET.
μ‐Opioid agonists for preventing emergence agitation under sevoflurane anesthesia in children: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tan Yuan , Shi Yisa , Ding Hui , Kong Xiangbin , Zhou Haijiao , Tian Jinhui
Published: November 2015

Background

Emergence agitation (EA) is an adverse effect after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. The effectiveness of prophylactic μ‐opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil in preventing EA is debatable.

Methods

A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that observed the effect of μ‐opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil on preventing EA in pediatric patients under sevoflurane anesthesia. The statistical software RevMan 5.3 was used for meta‐analysis. Data from each study were combined using the relative ratio (RR), weighted mean differences, and their associated 95% confidence intervals. I2 was used to evaluate heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the possible influences of patient age, adenotonsillectomy, premedication, N2O, propofol, and regional block/local anesthetics on preventing EA with prophylactic administration of μ‐opioid agonists. Publication bias was checked using funnel plots and Begg's test.

Results

This meta‐analysis showed the inclusion of 19 randomized controlled trials with 1528 patients (857 patients received μ‐opioid agonists therapy and 671 patients had placebo). The pooled data indicated that prophylactic μ‐opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil significantly decreased the incidence of EA [RR = 0.49 (0.38, 0.64), I2 = 42%, P = 0.04; RR = 0.57 (0.33, 0.99), I2 = 37%, P = 0.19; RR = 0.18 (0.08, 0.39), I2 = 0%, P = 0.98; and RR = 0.56 (0.40, 0.78), I2 = 6%, P = 0.34, respectively]. All subgroup analyses strengthened the proof for lower incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia after fentanyl administration. A possibility of publication bias was detected in the fentanyl group.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis suggested that prophylactic μ‐opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil could significantly decrease the incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children compared to placebo. Considering the limitations of the included studies, more clinical studies are required.
Lower Resting State Heart Rate Variability Relates to High Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Whiplash‐Associated Disorders and Healthy Controls
Authors: Koenig Julian , De Kooning Margot , Bernardi Anthony , Williams DeWayne P. , Nijs Jo , Thayer Julian F. , Daenen Liesbeth
Published: November 2015

Vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is widely respected as a psychophysiological measure of emotion regulation capacity and serves as a readily available index of executive brain areas that exert an inhibitory influence on subcortical structures. Pain catastrophizing (PC) is conceptualized as the tendency to misinterpret and exaggerate pain‐related situations that may be threatening. Chronic pain patients show lower vmHRV and higher PC. Previously, no study has investigated the association of PC and vmHRV. We examined the association of PC and vmHRV in a sample of patients with chronic whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD, n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 31). Patients with WAD showed lower vmHRV, indexed by high‐frequency HRV (effect size, Cohen's d = 0.442), and greater PC (d = 0.815). Zero‐order and partial correlations controlling for age and sex revealed that vmHRV and PC are inversely related. The results provide evidence for a psychophysiological mechanism underlying PC, in particular in chronic pain patients.
Comparison of prophylactic use of intravenous immunoglobulin versus Pentaglobin® in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Azık Fatih , Bayram Cengiz , Erkoçoğlu Mustafa , Tezer Hasan , Yazal Erdem Arzu , Işık Pamir , Avcı Zekai , Özbek Namık , Tavil Betül , Tunc Bahattin
Published: November 2015

There are few studies evaluating the use of IgM‐enriched IVIG (Pentaglobin®) in HSCT recipients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of prophylactic use of IVIG versus prophylactic use of Pentaglobin® within the first 100 days after allogeneic HSCT. We performed a prospective, randomized study of the use of prophylactic IVIG versus prophylactic use of Pentaglobin® in patients after allogeneic HSCT. The first dose of IVIG or Pentaglobin® was given before conditioning regimen and after transplant was given on day +1, +8, +15, and +22. And then, it was given if IgG level was below 400 mg/dL. Twenty‐seven patients in IVIG group and 32 patients in Pentaglobin® group were included in the study. There were no significant differences in the duration of neutropenia, hospitalization, fever, and in the number of pyrexial episode, septicemia, bacteremia, local infection, CMV infection, acute GVHD, VOD, and adverse events between the IVIG group and Pentaglobin® group. Randomized placebo‐controlled trials are needed to conclude that utilization of IVIG or Pentaglobin® has no beneficial effect in HSCT.
Comparison of toxicity following different conditioning regimens (busulfan/melphalan and carboplatin/etoposide/melphalan) for advanced stage neuroblastoma: Experience of two transplant centers
Authors: Elborai Yasser , Hafez Hanafy , Moussa Emad A. , Hammad Mahmoud , Hussein Hany , Lehmann Leslie , Elhaddad Alaa
Published: November 2015

The outcome for advanced neuroblastoma has improved with combined modality therapy: induction chemotherapy, surgery, and consolidation with high‐dose chemotherapy/autologous HSCT, followed by local radiation, cisretinoic acid, and recently antibody therapy. In the United States, the most common conditioning regimen is CEM, while in Europe/Middle East, Bu/Mel has been widely used; it remains unclear which regimen has the best outcome. Assess renal, hepatic, and infectious toxicity through Day+100 in 2 different regimens. Retrospective comparison between CEM‐DFCHCC Boston and Bu/Mel‐ CCHE‐57357. Thirty‐five patients, median age 4, in Boston (2007–2011) and 38 patients, median age 3, in Cairo (2009–2011). Renal toxicity; creatinine was significantly higher in CEM than Bu/Mel: 57% (median day+90) vs. 29% (median>day+100), p = 0.004. One CEM patient died from renal dialysis at day+19. Hepatic toxicity was significantly higher in CEM than Bu/Mel: 80% (median day+26) vs. 58% (median day+60), p = 0.04. In infectious complications with CEM 14%, bacteremia (n = 4) and fungemia (n = 1), 3 had culture‐negative sepsis requiring vasopressors. With Bu/Mel 18%, bacteremia (n = 7), none required pressors, p = 0.4. Bu/Mel was associated with less acute hepatic and renal toxicity and thus may be preferable for preserving organ functions.
Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter) Codd
Authors: Demarchi Izabel Galhardo , Terron Mariana de Souza , Thomazella Mateus Vailant , Mota Camila Alves , Gazim Zilda Cristiani , Cortez Diógenez Aparício Garcia , Aristides Sandra Mara Alessi , Silveira Thaís Gomes Verzignassi , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana
Published: November 2015

Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually presents therapeutic resistance to antimonials, and the existing therapies for leishmaniasis have many adverse effects and toxicity. Natural products may be regarded as possible candidates for alternative leishmaniasis treatment. The plant Tetradenia riparia has shown promise for the treatment of infectious diseases in folk medicine. We evaluated the antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from T. riparia (TrEO) and the modulatory effects of TrEO on cytokine modulation by peritoneal fluid cells that were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Peritoneal fluid cells were infected with Leishmania and incubated with TrEO (30 ng/mL) for 3, 6, and 24 h. Cytokines were screened using semi‐quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and flow cytometry. Antileishmanial activity was evaluated at 24 h by microscopic counting and quantitative PCR (qPCR). TrEO treatment induced the death of 50% of Leishmania amastigotes (indicated by microscopic counting) and 91% of the parasite load (indicated by qPCR). TrEO inhibited some of the most critical cytokines for parasite growth and the establishment of infection, including granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐10, and tumour necrosis factor. The parasite inhibited interferon‐γ and IL‐12, and TrEO blocked this inhibition, indicating that these cytokines are critical for activating mechanisms associated with the death and elimination of the parasite. These results suggest that TrEO may be an alternative leishmaniasis therapy when considering its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activity.
Flooding affects the development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Arabidopsis roots during the secondary phase of infection
Authors: Gravot A. , Lemarié S. , Richard G. , Lime T. , Lariagon C. , Manzanares‐Dauleux M. J.
Published: November 2015

Clubroot, a disease of Brassicaceae species, is caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. High soil water content was previously described to favour the motility of zoospores and their penetration into root cells. In this study, the effect of irrigation regimes on clubroot development during the post‐invasive secondary phase of infection was investigated. Three irrigation regimes (low, standard, high) were tested on two Arabidopsis accessions, Col‐0 (susceptible) and Bur‐0, a partially resistant line. In Col‐0, clubroot symptoms and resting spore content were higher under the ‘low irrigation’ regime than the other two regimes, thus enhancing the phenotypic contrast between the two Arabidopsis accessions. Clubroot severity under high and low irrigation regimes was evaluated in near‐isogenic lines derived from a Col‐0 ×  Bur‐0 cross, to assess the effect of soil moisture on the expression of each of four quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling partial resistance. The presence of the Bur‐0 allele at the QTL PbAt5.2 resulted in reduced severity only under low irrigation, whereas the Bur‐0 allele at QTL PbAt5.1 was associated with partial resistance only under high irrigation. QTL PbAt4 reduced the number of resting spores in infected roots, but was not associated with reduced clubroot symptoms. The results indicated that soil moisture could have consequences for the secondary phase of clubroot development, depending on plant genotype. Future genetic studies may benefit from using combinations of watering conditions during the secondary stage of infection, thus opening up the possibility of identifying genetic factors expressed under specific environmental conditions.
Obduction triggered by regional heating during plate reorganization
Authors: Hässig Marc , Rolland Yann , Duretz Thibault , Sosson Marc
Published: November 2015

The reason for obduction, or tectonic transport of oceanic lithosphere onto continents, is investigated by two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical numerical modelling based on the geology of the Anatolia–Lesser Caucasus ophiolites. Heating of the oceanic domain and extension induced by far‐field plate kinematics appear to be essential for the obduction of ~80‐Ma‐old oceanic crust over distances exceeding 200 km. Heating of the oceanic lithosphere by mantle upwelling is evidenced by a thick alkaline volcanic series emplaced on top of the oceanic crust 10–20 Ma before obduction, at the onset of Africa–Eurasia convergence. Regional heating reduced the negative buoyancy and strength of the magmatically old lithosphere. Extension facilitated the propagation of obduction by reducing the mantle lithosphere thickness, which led to the exhumation of eclogite‐free continental crust previously underthrusted beneath the ophiolites. This extensional event is ascribed to far‐field plate kinematics resulting from renewed Neotethys oceanic subduction beneath Eurasia.
Firm R&D, Processing Trade and Input Trade Liberalisation: Evidence from Chinese Firms
Authors: Tian Wei , Yu Miaojie
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the impact of input trade liberalisation on firm R&D activity by taking China's accession to the WTO as a quasi‐natural experiment. Different from ordinary imports, processing imports in China enjoy zero tariffs and are not affected by input trade liberalisation due to the WTO accession. The paper uses disaggregated firm‐level production data and transaction‐level trade data to perform difference‐in‐difference analysis by taking processing import firms as a control group. An intensive empirical search shows that after China's accession to the WTO, input trade liberalisation fostered firm R&D significantly. The findings are robust to different measures and various empirical specifications.
Integrative taxonomy of the Italian pine voles,Microtus saviigroup (Cricetidae,Arvicolinae)
Authors: Bezerra Alexandra M. R. , Annesi Flavia , Aloise Gaetano , Amori Giovanni , Giustini Leonardo , Castiglia Riccardo
Published: November 2015

The Italian endemic voles belonging to theMicrotus saviigroup (de Sélys‐Longchamps, 1838) include five controversial taxa, namelyM. savii savii,M. s. niethammericusContoli;M. s. tolfetanusContoli, M.s. nebrodensis (Minà‐Palumbo, 1868) andM. brachycercus(Lehamann, 1961). A previous mtDNAphylogenetic analysis revealed three main mtDNAlineages that do not correspond to the recognized taxa. Here, we perform a comprehensive univariate and multivariate analysis of craniodental measurements in 151 specimens from 54 geographic samples belonging to the three main phylogroups. Qualitative data on the skull of 126 specimens were also obtained from 54 localities. Moreover, we sequenced the nuclearDNAβ‐fibrinogen intron 7 (β‐fibint7) of 23 specimens from 12 localities andCyt bsequences of 11 new specimens from seven localities. The pattern of morphological and cytogenomic divergence does not corroborate the current taxonomic framework and indicates thatM. nebrodensisis a Sicilian endemic species.
Cladistic analysis of Aradidae (Insecta, Heteroptera) based on morphological and molecular characters
Authors: Marchal Lorène , Guilbert Eric
Published: November 2015

In this study, we present for the first time a cladistic analysis of the subfamilies of Aradidae, using molecular and morphological characters. Eighty‐three taxa, including 79 species representing eight subfamilies, are treated. The analyses were performed using 72 morphological characters and approximately 1650 bp corresponding to three molecular loci (CO1, 16S and 28S). Characters were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Based on the combined analyses, we find support for the monophyly of Aradidae, including the subfamilies Aradinae, Aneurinae, Calisiinae, Isoderminae, and Mezirinae and the paraphyly of Prosympiestinae and Chinamyersiinae. In all analyses, Prosympiestinae includes Isoderminae. The Termitaphididae were not found sister to the Aradidae in the Aradoidea.
MULTIPLANAR RECONSTRUCTED CT STUDY OF NORMAL ACETABULUM – INCLINATION ANGLE, ANTEVERSION ANGLE AND ACETABULAR DEPTH
Authors: Mohd Khalid Mohd Shukry , Yunus Rohaizan
Published: November 2015

Knowledge of acetabular morphometry parameters namely acetabular inclination and anteversion angles beside acetabular depth aid surgeons to accurately plan hip replacement procedure. The current hip implants designed based on Caucasian population which may not accurately match morphologic features of our population. Our objective is to determine normal acetabular morphometric parameters from CT scans of Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and compare gender and age group differences. A cross-sectional study was done within 18 months duration from November 2010 till May 2012. A total of 133 samples collected and divided into four age groups. Mean and standard deviations for all parameters were determined. No significant difference between acetabular parameters among males and females (p>0.001). Significant difference between age groups noted, mainly in group 1 (18 to 30 years) with group 4 (51 to 60 years) in all parameters. As for conclusion, no significant parameter differences between genders, hence no indication for gender or population specific hip implants. Significant differences noted when parameters compared between age groups, especially between the two extremes of age groups.
POTENTIAL OF RHIZOPHORA SPP PARTICLEBOARD TREATED WITH SOY FLOUR AS WATER EQUIVALENT MATERIAL
Authors: Rabaiee Nor Ain , Abdul Aziz Mohd Zahri , Hashim Rukiah , Tajuddin Abdul Aziz , Abdul Malik Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan
Published: November 2015

Water is a recognized tissue equivalent material. Due to some reason, water is not a suitable material to use as the daily routine in Quality Assurance assessment. In this paper, Rhizophora spp was treated with soy flour were applied to fabricate solid water equivalent material. Nine samples of three different particle sizes of Rhizophora spp as well as their treatment level were prepared. An innovative approach, x-ray fluorescence was used to measure the unknown attenuation coefficient while field emission scanning electron microscopy was presented to evaluate the microscopy structure of desired samples. Effective energy range between 15.7 to 26.7 keV was used to measure the mass attenuation coefficient of the fabricated particleboard. All the results were compared with the water value in XCOM database. This study showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between mass attenuation coefficient of sample with the water value from XCOM. In addition, the morphology images were improved for post-treated compared to untreated Rhizophora spp particleboard. Based on these results, Rhizophora spp particleboard is amenable as an alternative window of purported water equivalent material.
PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF DEPTH-DEPTH-MATCHING ALGORITHM FOR LIVER FOLLOWING
Authors: Watanabe Kaoru , Yagi Masahiro , Ota Kento , Onishi Katsuhiko , Koeda Masanao , Nankaku Shigeki , Noborio Hiroshi , Kon Masanori , Matsui Kousuke , Kaibori Masaki
Published: November 2015

We proposed a depth-depth-matching algorithm as a fast motion transcription algorithm from a real liver to a virtual liver in a surgical navigation.  The real is always captured by 3D depth camera, and the virtual is represented by a polyhedron with STL format via DICOM captured by MRI/CT. In our algorithm, we firstly compare a 2D depth image in a real world and the Z-buffer in a virtual world, and secondly search 3 translation and 3 rotation movements by matching both depth images in order for a virtual liver to move against a real liver. In this paper, the performance of our algorithm is ascertained in a PC simulation by changing several parameters and/or the evaluation function.
IMAGE-BASED INITIAL POSITION/ORIENTATION ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM BETWEEN REAL AND VIRTUAL LIVERS
Authors: Noborio Hiroshi , Watanabe Kaoru , Yagi Masahiro , Ida Yasuhiro , Onishi Katsuhiko , Koeda Masanao , Nankaku Shigeki , Matsui Kousuke , Kon Masanori , Kaibori Masaki
Published: November 2015

While watching four colors, we operate a virtual liver in order to overlap its real liver. The green pixel means that a real liver exists along the depth (Z) direction, the red pixel means that a virtual liver exists along the depth (Z) direction, the yellow pixel means that they are overlapped in the XY plane, and the blue pixel means that surfaces of real and virtual livers coincident in the XYZ space. Furthermore, we compare a normal mouse and the Space Navigator (3D intuitive mouse with 6 degrees-of-freedom) for the above adjustment.
SEGMENTATION OF RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS BY TOP-HAT MULTI-SCALE DETECTION FOR OPTIC DISC REMOVAL
Authors: Nazari Ain , Mustafa Mohd Marzuki , Zulkifley Mohd Asyraf
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, an automatic retinal vessels segmentation is important component in computer assisted system to detect numerous eye abnormalities. There are various sizes of the retinal blood vessels captured from fundus image modality, which can be detected by using multi-scale approach. However, the main limitation of the current multi-scale approaches is the inability to remove the optic disc from the detected blood vessels. In this paper, a hybrid of multi-scale detection with pre-processing approach is proposed so that clearer vessel segmentation can be obtained. The proposed method embedded with a pre-processing phase that includes four series of processes that include Top-hat transformation as the main part. This technique will reduce the influence of the structure of optic disc and enhance the contrast of the vessel from the background. Then, the result from the pre-processing phase will be fed to the multi-scale detection to perform the segmentation. The proposed method is evaluated on two publicly available online databases: HRF and DRIVE. On HRF database, the best obtained precision and specificity values are 0.9689 and 0.9989, respectively. Meanwhile, for DRIVE database, the system performs well in all performance measures: precision, specificity, accuracy and error with the best values of 0.7541, 0.9739, 0.9510 and 0.0490, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed method is able to filter the unwanted optical disc from the fundus image effectively. Thus, retinal blood vessel image can be used for further analysis process and beneficial for pre-screening system development.
HIV CRF08_BC AND X4 STRAIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POSING MAJOR NUCLEOSIDE AND NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS RESISTANCE MUTATIONS
Authors: Prasetyo Afiono Agung , Sariyatun Ratna
Published: November 2015

In HIV treatment, surveillance of mutations inducing resistance to NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) and NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) is important. This study analyzed 2,071 HIV-1 genomic sequences directed to detection of major NRTIs and NNRTIs resistance mutations and viral tropism. CRF08_BC and X4 strain more likely had major NRTIs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.0, 95% CI 1.182-7.820, p=0.021 and aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.233-2.368, p=0.001; respectively) and NNRTIs (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.281-8.365, p=0.013 and aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.037-1.977, p=0.029, respectively) resistance mutations. Subtype A1 (aOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.069-0.702, p=0.011) and C (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.241-0.648, p<0.001) were associated with major NRTIs resistance mutations. The occurrence of major NRTIs and NNRTIs resistance mutations in HIV subtype A1, C, CRF08_BC, and X4 viruses should be a particular concern.
OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA JET PLUME ON BACTERIA INACTIVATION
Authors: Saad Nor Aimi , Zaaba SK , Mustaffa M.T. , Zakaria A. , Md Nor Roslan , Shahriman AB , Akitsu Tetsuya
Published: November 2015

In this paper, an atmospheric plasma jet plasma plume generated using Helium gas was investigated for reactive plasma species. The method of investigation is by using Optical Emission Spectroscopy analysis. Observation of the emission spectrum enables understanding of the influence of reactive species inside plasma plume to microbial inactivation process. The reactive species in plasma plume were detected using spectrometer without presence of bacteria. Escherichia coli and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus were used as inactivation targets. Bacteria were cultured in 10 Colony Forming Unit per milliliter in single colony and exposed to plasma at different time. It is found that, both bacteria were inactivated at 180 seconds.  The result of emission line spectrum showed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen between line 300 nm until 700 nm. Nitrogen and oxygen are involved in oxidation process which is known as Reactive Nitrogen Species and Reactive Oxygen Species. These species are main key in bacteria inactivation.
FATIGUE CONTRACTION ANALYSIS USING EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION AND WAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Chowdhury Rubana Haque , Ibne Reaz Mamun Bin
Published: November 2015

Muscle fatigue is a long lasting reduction of the ability to contract and it is the condition when produced force is reduced. Walking fast can cause muscle fatigue, which is unhealthy and it is incurable when the level of fatigue is high. Muscle fatigue during walk can be determined using several spectral variables. The amplitude and frequency of the surface EMG signal provide a more accurate reflection of motor unit pattern among these spectral variables. This research reports on the effectiveness of Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform based filtering method applied to the surface EMG (sEMG) signal as a means of achieving reliable discrimination of the muscle fatigue during human walking exercise. In this research, IAV, RMS and AIF values were used as spectral variable. These spectral variables extensively identifies the difference between fatigue and normal muscle when using EMD method compared with other different wavelet functions (WFs). The result shows that the sEMG amplitude and frequency momentously changes from rest position to maximum contraction position.