bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Second- and Third-Trimester Growth and Discordance in Twin Pregnancy: Analysis of the Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK) Multiple Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Stirrup Oliver T. , Khalil Asma , D'Antonio Francesco , Thilaganathan Baskaran ,   on behalf of the STORK
Published: September 2016

Introduction: This study investigates patterns of intertwin size discordance in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. Material and Methods: Ultrasound measurements of twin pregnancies, from 14 weeks to term, were collected by 9 hospitals over a 10-year period. This analysis considers the modelled and observed levels of discordance in abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) in relation to gestational age. Fitted models were analysed to produce charts displaying the expected range of intertwin discordance in AC and EFW at any given examination. Results: The dataset for analysis included a total of 9,866 ultrasound examinations in 1,802 DCDA and 323 MCDA twin pregnancies. The 95th percentile of intertwin discordance in EFW increased from 18.3% (95% CI, 17.8-18.7%) at 20 weeks to 21.9% (95% CI, 21.3-22.4%) at 30 weeks for DCDA pregnancies. The 95th percentile for intertwin discordance in AC was stable at 10-11% for this period. Slightly higher levels of discordance were observed for MCDA than for DCDA pregnancies. Discussion: The expected range of intertwin discordance in EFW and AC shows differences with gestational age and between DCDA and MCDA pregnancies.
Effect of Denosumab on Peripheral Compartmental Bone Density, Microarchitecture and Estimated Bone Strength in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bonani Marco , Meyer Ursina , Frey Diana , Graf Nicole , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Wüthrich Rudolf P.
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: In a randomized controlled clinical trial in kidney transplant recipients (NCT01377467) we have recently shown that RANKL inhibition with denosumab significantly improved areal bone mineral density (aBMD) when given during the first year after transplantation. The effect of denosumab on skeletal microstructure and bone strength in kidney transplant recipients is not known. Methods: The purpose of the present bone microarchitecture ancillary study was to investigate high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) data from the distal tibia and distal radius in 24 study patients that had been randomized to receive either two injections of denosumab 60 mg at baseline and after 6 months (n=10) or no treatment (n=14). Results: Consistent with the full trial findings, denosumab reduced biomarkers of bone turnover, and significantly increased aBMD at the lumbar spine (median difference of 4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6 - 7.8; p<0.001). Bone quality as assessed by total and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Tot. vBMD, Ct.vBMD) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) increased significantly at the tibia, while changes at the radius were less pronounced. The trabecular volumetric BMD (Tb.vBMD), thickness (Tb. Th), separation (Tb.Sp) and number (Tb.N) and the cortical porosity (Ct.Po) at the tibia and the radius did not significantly change in both treatment groups. Micro-finite element analysis (µFEA) showed that bone stiffness increased significantly at the tibia (median difference 5.6%; 95% CI 1.8% - 9.2%; p=0.002) but not at the radius (median difference 2.9%, 95% CI -3.7% - 9.1%; p=0.369). Likewise, failure load increased significantly at the tibia (median difference 5.1%; 95% CI 2.1% - 8.1%; p=0.002) but not at the radius (median difference 2.4%, 95% CI -3.2% - 8.5%; p=0.336). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that denosumab improves bone density and bone quality in first-year kidney transplant recipients at risk to develop osteoporosis.
Vitrektomie mit Dexamethason-Implantat bei therapierefraktärem diabetischem Makulaödem
Authors: Omri Wafa
Published: September 2016

Ziel: Beurteilung der 1-Jahres-Ergebnisse einer Vitrektomie mit 25-Gauge-Mikroinzision (MIV25) in Kombination mit intraoperativer Injektion eines Dexamethason (DEX)-Implantats zur Behandlung eines persistierenden diabetischen Makulaödems (DMÖ). Methoden: Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten mit DMÖ seit ≥12 Monaten, die sich einer MIV25-Vitrektomie mit DEX-Implantation unterzogen hatten. Wir untersuchten die beste korrigierte Sehschärfe (Visus c. c.) und die zentrale Netzhautdicke nach dem Eingriff. Ergebnisse: 18 Augen wurden in die Analyse einbezogen. Präoperativ betrug der Visus c. c. durchschnittlich 0,90 logMAR und die zentrale Netzhautdicke 594 µm. Danach ging die die zentrale Netzhautdicke bis zur Nachuntersuchung nach 3 Monaten zurück, nahm bis Monat 6 tendenziell wieder zu, stabilisierte sich jedoch bis Monat 12; hierbei erhielten 5 Augen 5 Monate postoperativ zusätzliche Behandlungsmaßnahmen. Eine statistisch signifikante Verbesserung des Visus c. c. lag ab einem Monat nach der Behandlung bei allen Nachuntersuchungsterminen vor (p < 0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Ein MIV25-Eingriff in Kombination mit der Injektion eines DEX-Implantats kann als wirksame und sichere Behandlungsoption bei therapierefraktärem DMÖ durchgeführt werden. Übersetzung aus Ophthalmologica 2016;235:150-156 (DOI:10.1159/000443751)
Autologe Transplantation von Fragmenten innerer Grenzmembran zur Behandlung großer, chronischer, therapierefraktärer Makulaforamina
Authors: Hattenbach Lars-Olof
Published: September 2016

Ziel: Beurteilung eines Verfahrens zur autologen Transplantation von Fragmenten innerer Grenzmembran (MLI; Membrana limitans interna) in der Behandlung großer, chronischer und/oder therapierefraktärer Makulaforamina (MF). Aufbau: Es handelte sich um eine prospektive, interventionelle Fallserie von 6 Monaten Dauer. Methoden: Bei 10 Augen von 10 Patienten mit MF wurden eine Pars-plana-Vitrektomie (PPV) und ein MLI-Peeling vorgenommen, gefolgt von der Transplantation eines autologen MLI-Fragments auf das MF. Bei 6 Patienten lag ein primäres MF mit einem Innendurchmesser von mehr als 500 µm und einer Dauer von mehr als 18 Monaten vor, darunter ein Patient mit nichtproliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie und Vorbehandlung durch panretinale Photokoagulation. Bei 4 Augen mit MF war bereits zuvor eine PPV durchgeführt worden (in einem Fall wegen Netzhautablösung, in den anderen Fällen mit dem Ziel, das große MF zu verschließen). Eins der letzteren Augen zeigte auch juxtapapilläre choroidale Neovaskularisation infolge der altersbedingten Makuladegeneration. Der primäre und sekundäre Endpunkt waren der Verschluss des MF bzw. die Verbesserung der besten korrigierten Sehschärfe (Visus c. c.). Ergebnisse: In allen Fällen wurde der vollständige Verschluss des MF erreicht. Eine statistisch signifikante Verbesserung des durchschnittlichen Visus c. c war bei der Nachuntersuchung nach 6 Monaten festzustellen (p = 0,018; gepaarter t-Test). Der Visus c. c. war in 8 Augen (80%) verbessert; in 6 davon um ≥15 Buchstaben. Bei einem Patienten blieb der Visus c. c. nach der Operation unverändert, aber das Gesichtsfeld verbesserte sich laut Patientenauskunft. Bei einem Patienten kam es zu einer leichten Verschlechterung (0,16 logMAR). In 2 Fällen trat Atrophie des retinalen Pigmentepithels ein, trotz Verschluss des MF und Verbesserung des Visus c. c. Schlussfolgerung: Die Transplantation eines autologen MLI-Fragments scheint eine wirksame Behandlungsoption bei großen, chronischen, therapierefraktären Makulaforamina darzustellen. Übersetzung aus Ophthalmic Res 2016;55:45-52 (DOI:10.1159/000440767)
Optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie der fovealen avaskulären Zone bei retinalem Venenverschluss
Authors: Feltgen Nicolas
Published: September 2016

Ziel: Ziel dieser Studie war die Visualisierung und Quantifizierung pathologischer Veränderungen der fovealen avaskulären Zone (FAZ) mittels optischer Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie (OCT-A) in Augen mit retinalem Venenverschluss (RVV) im Vergleich zum nicht betroffenen Partnerauge. Ablauf: Die OCT-A-Untersuchungen erfolgten mit dem System Avanti® RTVue 100 XR (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA). Die Grenzen der oberflächlichen Gefäßschicht waren definiert als 3 μm unter der inneren Grenzmembran und 15 μm unter der inneren plexiformen Schicht; die Grenzen der tiefen Gefäßschicht als 15 bzw. 70 μm unter der inneren plexiformen Schicht. Die horizontale, vertikale und maximale Ausdehnung der FAZ wurde in jedem Auge in der oberflächlichen und der tiefen Gefäßschicht gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde der Winkel zwischen maximalem FAZ-Durchmesser und der papillomakulären Ebene gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die OCT-A zeigte Defekte der perifovealen Gefäße in Augen mit retinalem Venenastverschluss (VAV; n = 11) bzw. zentralem Venenverschluss (ZVV; n = 8). Diese gingen einher mit einem vergrößerten FAZ-Durchmesser in den Augen mit RVV (n = 19) im Vergleich zum jeweiligen gesunden Partnerauge (n = 19; 921 ± 213 vs. 724 ± 145 µm; p = 0,008). Darüber hinaus war eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der besten korrigierten Sehschärfe (Visus c. c.) und dem maximalen FAZ-Durchmesser in der tiefen Gefäßschicht zu verzeichnen (Spearman-Koeffizient ρ = -0,423; p < 0,01). Schließlich lag in den Augen mit RVV der Winkel zwischen papillomakulärer Ebene und maximalem FAZ-Durchmesser nur in 21,05% (oberflächliche Gefäßschicht) bzw. 15,79% der Fälle (tiefe Gefäßschicht) im Bereich von 0 ± 15 oder 90 ± 15. In den gesunden Augen lag der Winkel (der vermeintlich für eine regelgerechte FAZ-Konfiguration steht) häufiger in diesen Bereichen (oberflächliche Gefäßschicht: 68,42 vs. 21,05%, p = 0,003; tiefe Gefäßschicht: 73,68 vs. 15,79 %, p < 0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Morphologische Veränderungen der FAZ in Augen mit ZVV oder VAV sind in der OCT-A-Bildgebung darstellbar. Die Korrelation der maximalen FAZ-Ausdehnung mit dem Visus c. c deutet darauf hin, dass diese Veränderungen funktionell relevant sein könnten. Übersetzung aus Ophthalmologica 2016;235:195-202 (DOI:10.1159/000445482)
From Childhood Trauma to Adult Dissociation: The Role of PTSD and Alexithymia
Authors: Terock Jan , Van der Auwera Sandra , Janowitz Deborah , Spitzer Carsten , Barnow Sven , Miertsch Martin , Freyberger Harald J. , Grabe Hans-Jörgen
Published: September 2016

Background: The mechanism of how childhood trauma leads to increased risk for adult dissociation is not sufficiently understood. We sought to investigate the predicting effects and the putatively mediating roles of PTSD and alexithymia on the path from childhood trauma to adult dissociation. Methods: A total of 666 day-clinic outpatients were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and controlled for sex, age, and the Global Symptom Index (GSI). Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were applied. Results: Independent predictive effects on dissociation were found for childhood trauma, alexithymia and PDS, even after adjusting for GSI. Effects of childhood neglect on dissociation were slightly stronger than of abuse. Alexithymia did not mediate the path from childhood trauma to dissociation. Mediation by PDS was specific for childhood abuse, with all PTSD symptom clusters being significantly involved. Conclusions: Childhood abuse and neglect are important predictors of dissociation. While the effects of abuse are mediated by PTSD, the mechanism of how neglect leads to dissociation remains unclear. The results further support the predictive value of alexithymia for adult dissociation above and beyond the effects of childhood trauma, PTSD, and GSI scores.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ho Daniel Wai-Hung , Lo Regina Cheuk-Lam , Chan Lo-Kong , Ng Irene Oi-Lin
Published: September 2016

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations pinpointing different molecular and cellular events. The next-generation sequencing technology is facilitating the global and systematic evaluation of molecular landscapes in HCC. There is emerging evidence supporting the importance of cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment in providing a favorable and supportive niche to expedite HCC development. Moreover, recent studies have identified distinct surface markers of cancer stem cell (CSC) in HCC, and they also put forward the profound involvement of altered signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications in CSCs, in addition to the concomitant drug resistance and metastasis. Taken together, multiple key genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as liver CSCs, result in the development and progression of HCC.
Rapid Response to High-Dose, Pulsatile Erlotinib in Afatinib-Refractory Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis from Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Frank S.
Published: September 2016

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurred in an old female patient who was on a standard dose of afatinib for the treatment of her non-small cell lung cancer harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors when extracranial lesions were still under control. Shifting to high-dose, pulsatile erlotinib dramatically saved her from the devastating condition in a very short period of time. Inadequate afatinib concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is reasonably suspected, and there is a call for clinical trials testing high-dose afatinib in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
Early Follow-Up After a Heart Failure Exacerbation
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Youngson Erik , Kaul Padma , Ezekowitz Justin A.
Published: September 2016

Background—

Although early follow-up for heart failure (HF) is recommended, the time window and which physicians should do the follow-up are unclear. We explored whether (1) follow-up within 14 days and (2) physician continuity influence outcomes within 30 days of a HF exacerbation.

Methods and Results—

Retrospective cohort of all adults in Alberta, Canada, with a first discharge from a hospital or an emergency department where HF was the most responsible diagnosis between April 2002 and November 2013, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates. Of 39 249 adults (mean age, 76.1 years), 21 848 (55.7%) received follow-up from a familiar physician, 3938 (10.0%) saw an unfamiliar physician, and 13 463 (34.3%) had no outpatient visits in the first 14 days after a hospitalization or emergency department visit for HF. The risk of death or hospitalization within 30 days was lower in patients who saw a familiar physician (16.9%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.99) than in those who saw an unfamiliar physician (20.0%; aHR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97–1.15) or those with no outpatient visits (22.0%; aHR, 1.00 [referent]). The composite of death or emergency department visit or hospitalization within 30 days was also less common with familiar physician follow-up (25.2%; aHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82–0.89) compared with unfamiliar physicians (26.9%; aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.996) or those with no outpatient follow-up within 14 days (47.5%; aHR, 1.00 [referent]).

Conclusions—

Outpatient follow-up within 14 days after HF exacerbation requiring hospitalization or emergency department visit is associated with better outcomes, particularly if the follow-up is with a familiar physician.
Abdominal Adiposity Distribution Quantified by Ultrasound Imaging and Incident Hypertension in a General Population
Authors: Seven Ekim , Thuesen Betina H. , Linneberg Allan , Jeppesen Jørgen L.
Published: September 2016

Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension. However, different distributions of abdominal adipose tissue may affect hypertension risk differently. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with incident hypertension in a population-based setting. We hypothesized that VAT, rather than SAT, would be associated with incident hypertension. VAT and SAT were determined by ultrasound imagining in 3363 randomly selected Danes (mean age 49 years, 56% women, mean body mass index 25.8 kg/m
2
). We constructed multiple logistic regression models to compute standardized odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals per SD increase in SAT and VAT. Of the 2119 normotensive participants at baseline, 1432, with mean SAT of 2.8 cm and mean VAT of 5.7 cm, returned 5 years later for a follow-up examination and among them 203 had developed hypertension. In models including both VAT and SAT, the Framingham Hypertension Risk Score variables (age, sex, smoking status, family history of hypertension, and baseline blood pressure) and glycated hemoglobin, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension for 1 SD increase in VAT and SAT was 1.27 (1.08–1.50,
P
=0.004) and 0.97 (0.81–1.15,
P
=0.70), respectively. Adjusting for body mass index instead of SAT attenuated the association between VAT and incident hypertension, but it was still significant (odds ratio, 1.22 [1.01–1.48,
P
=0.041] for each SD increase in VAT). In conclusion, ultrasound-determined VAT, but not SAT, was associated with incident hypertension in a random sample of Danish adults.
c-Src Inhibition Improves Cardiovascular Function but not Remodeling or Fibrosis in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Callera Glaucia E. , Antunes Tayze T. , He Ying , Montezano Augusto C. , Yogi Alvaro , Savoia Carmine , Touyz Rhian M.
Published: September 2016

c-Src plays an important role in angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. Whether this member of the Src family kinases is involved in the development of Ang II–induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular damage in vivo remains unknown. Here, we studied Ang II–infused (400 ng/kg/min) mice in which c-Src was partially deleted (

c-Src
+/−

) and in wild-type (WT,

c-Src
+/+

) mice treated with a c-Src inhibitor (CGP077675; 25 mg/kg/d). Ang II increased blood pressure and induced endothelial dysfunction in WT mice, responses that were ameliorated in

c-Src
+/−

and CGP077675-treated mice. Vascular wall thickness and cross-sectional area were similarly increased by Ang II in WT and

c-Src
+/−

mice. CGP077675 further increased cross-sectional area in hypertensive mice. Cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in Ang II–infused WT mice was normalized in

c-Src
+/−

mice. Increased oxidative stress (plasma thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and vascular superoxide generation) in Ang II–infused WT mice was attenuated in c-Src–deficient and CGP077675-treated mice. Hyperactivation of vascular c-Src, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in hypertensive mice was normalized in CGP077675-treated and

c-Src
+/−

mice. Vascular fibronectin was increased by Ang II in all groups and further augmented by CGP077675. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation induced by Ang II were amplified in

c-Src
+/−

and CGP-treated mice. Our data indicate that although c-Src downregulation attenuates development of hypertension, improves endothelial and cardiac function, reduces oxidative stress, and normalizes vascular signaling, it has little beneficial effect on fibrosis. These findings suggest a divergent role for c-Src in Ang II–dependent hypertension, where c-Src may be more important in regulating redox-sensitive cardiac and vascular function than fibrosis and remodeling.
Activation of SIRT1 Attenuates Klotho Deficiency–Induced Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension by Enhancing AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity
Authors: Gao Diansa , Zuo Zhong , Tian Jing , Ali Quaisar , Lin Yi , Lei Han , Sun Zhongjie
Published: September 2016

Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. This study was designed to investigate the role of SIRT1, an important deacetylase, and its relationship with Klotho, a kidney-derived aging-suppressor protein, in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness and hypertension. We found that the serum level of Klotho was decreased by ≈45% in patients with arterial stiffness and hypertension. Interestingly, Klotho haplodeficiency caused arterial stiffening and hypertension, as evidenced by significant increases in pulse wave velocity and blood pressure in Klotho-haplodeficient (
KL

+/–

) mice. Notably, the expression and activity of SIRT1 were decreased significantly in aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in
KL
+/–
mice, suggesting that Klotho deficiency downregulates SIRT1. Treatment with SRT1720 (15 mg/kg/d, IP), a specific SIRT1 activator, abolished Klotho deficiency–induced arterial stiffness and hypertension in
KL

+/–

mice. Klotho deficiency was associated with significant decreases in activities of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in aortas, which were abolished by SRT1720. Furthermore, Klotho deficiency upregulated NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production, increased collagen expression, and enhanced elastin fragmentation in the media of aortas. These Klotho deficiency–associated changes were blocked by SRT1720. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that Klotho deficiency downregulates SIRT1 activity in arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Pharmacological activation of SIRT1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for arterial stiffness and hypertension.
Cardiac Electrical and Structural Changes During Bacterial Infection: An Instructive Model to Study Cardiac Dysfunction in Sepsis
Authors: Makara Michael A. , Hoang Ky V. , Ganesan Latha P. , Crouser Elliot D. , Khan Mahmood , Gunn John S. , Turner Joanne , Schlesinger Larry S. , Mohler Peter J. , Rajaram Murugesan V.S.
Published: September 2016

Background

Sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction have significantly higher mortality. Although several pathways are associated with myocardial damage in sepsis, the precise cause(s) remains unclear and treatment options are limited. This study was designed to develop a new model to investigate the early events of cardiac damage during sepsis progression.

Methods and Results

Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida
(
Ft.n
) is a Gram‐negative intracellular pathogen causing severe sepsis syndrome in mice.
BALB
/c mice (N=12) were sham treated or infected with
Ft.n
through the intranasal route. Serial electrocardiograms were recorded at multiple time points until 96 hours. Hearts were then harvested for histology and gene expression studies. Similar to septic patients, we illustrate both cardiac electrical and structural phenotypes in our murine
Ft.n
infection model, including prominent R' wave formation, prolonged
QRS
intervals, and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Notably, in infected animals, we detected numerous microlesions in the myocardium, previously observed following nosocomial
Streptococcu
s infection and in sepsis patients. We show that
Ft.n
‐mediated microlesions are attributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [
IL]
‐1β,
IL
‐8, and superoxide dismutase 2). Finally, we identify increased expression of microRNA‐155 and rapid degradation of heat shock factor 1 following cardiac
Ft.n
infection as a primary cause of myocardial inflammation and apoptosis.

Conclusions

We have developed and characterized an
Ft.n
infection model to understand the pathogenesis of cardiac dysregulation in sepsis. Our findings illustrate novel in vivo phenotypes underlying cardiac dysfunction during
Ft.n
infection with significant translational impact on our understanding of sepsis pathophysiology.
Hierarchies of Attention and Experimental Designs: Effects of Spatial and Intermodal Attention Revisited
Authors: Shrem Talia , Deouell Leon Y.
Published: September 2016

When attention is directed to stimuli in a given modality and location, information processing in other irrelevant modalities at this location is affected too. This spread of attention to irrelevant stimuli is often interpreted as superiority of location selection over modality selection. However, this conclusion is based on experimental paradigms in which spatial attention was transient whereas intermodal attention was sustained. Furthermore, whether modality selection affects processing in the task-relevant modality at irrelevant locations remains an open question. Here, we addressed effects of simultaneous spatial and intermodal attention in an EEG study using a balanced design where spatial attention was transient and intermodal attention sustained or vice versa. Effects of spatial attention were not affected by which modality was attended and effects of intermodal attention were not affected by whether the stimuli were at the attended location or not. This suggests not only spread of spatial attention to task-irrelevant modalities but also spread of intermodal attention to task-irrelevant locations. Whether spatial attention was transient or sustained did not alter the effect of spatial attention on visual N1 and Nd1 responses. Prestimulus preparatory occipital alpha band responses were affected by both transient and sustained spatial cueing, whereas late post-stimulus responses were more strongly affected by sustained than by transient spatial attention. Sustained but not transient intermodal attention affected late responses (>200 msec) to visual stimuli. Together, the results undermine the universal superiority of spatial attention and suggest that the mode of attention manipulation is an important factor determining attention effects.
Daughter of Courage: Reading Judges 11 with a Feminist Pentecostal Hermeneutic
Authors: Greves Abigail M.
Published: September 2016

As a ‘text of terror’, Judges 11 is the topic of extensive feminist interpretation. Filtering the text through a typical feminist hermeneutic of suspicion or remembrance, the text is deconstructed and the story’s victim, Jephthah’s daughter, is rendered a submissive pawn of a patriarchal society. Using a feminist, Pentecostal hermeneutic, the biblical reader appreciates this disturbing Scripture, not as an object to deconstruct, but as Spirit-Word that deconstructs its reader and its reader’s world. As one sees Jephthah’s daughter with new eyes, one is able to see her as a courageous daughter who takes a radical stand against her father’s world that is determined by martial valor. As Judges 11 is read with the Spirit, the reader herself experiences transformation as she enters into the Spirit’s grief, brooding, and transformation of this nameless daughter and of all those who hear, with her, the unheard voice of God.
The Mark of the Beast, Reception History, and Early Pentecostal Literature
Authors: Johnson David R.
Published: September 2016

This article examines appearances of the mark of the beast or beast in the early Pentecostal Literature from 1908–1918. By utilizing Wirkungsgeschichte, this article demonstrates that early Pentecostal interpretations were not monolithic when interpreting bestial texts. Dispensationalism did not control their interpretations. The Apocalypse had a significant impact on early Pentecostal reflection including their criticism of issues associated with World War i.
On the Quest for Authentic Christianity: Protestant Tradition and the Mission of Jesus
Authors: Ruthven Jon
Published: September 2016

Barth’s dream of a Spirit-centered theology hints at the great disconnect between the New Testament portrayal of the mission and message of Jesus and the ‘gospel’ of traditional Protestantism. This disconnect appeared as a result of the Reformers’ adoption of cessationism to undercut Papal authority, which rested, in part, on the idea of continuing revelation and miracle. The failure of both sides to understand the purpose of charismatic revelation and power as the central characteristic of the New Covenant, resulted in a misunderstanding of the mission of Jesus, the purpose of the cross, and the continuing commission of Christian disciples. In this, traditional theology significantly distorted the Christian message away from that of Jesus and the New Testament witness—a gospel about Jesus rather than from Jesus.
Mothers in the Spirit: A Pneumatic Reflection on Mary the Mother of the Church and Church Mothers in the Sanctified Tradition
Authors: Price Andre L.
Published: September 2016

Some Protestants consider Catholic Mariology to be problematic due to perceived excesses in the Catholic tradition. This theological reflection argues that church mothers in the sanctified tradition are a pentecostal variation of Catholic thought and understanding of Mary the Mother of Jesus. Particular attention is given to church mothers in the sanctified tradition and Mary the Mother of Jesus. The goals are to bring pentecostals and Catholics into dialogue around Mariology, to connect Pentecostal spirituality to the broader theological tradition, and to tell the story of an underrepresented group that is instrumental to the life of the church. Paying particular attention to Luke 1.26–38 and Acts 2.1–12. Special consideration is given to the commonalities between church mothers in the sanctified tradition and Mary the Mother of Jesus revolving around pneumatic themes. A pneumatic lens opens space to show the continuity between mothers in the essential areas of holiness, exemplars to their communities, and mothers of the Kingdom.
Order and Chaos in the Didache
Authors: Clark David A.
Published: September 2016

Toward the goal of maintaining order in worship without limiting the free movement of the Holy Spirit, the Didache promotes a community ethos that can be characterized as ‘chaordic’. This is to say that there is a tolerance for chaos, but boundaries are set in place. This paper examines how the Didache navigates the tension between chaos and order as it pertains to four elements of community life: the practice of the law, baptism, public worship, and hospitality. It is seen that even as rituals are established, outward form does not overshadow spiritual substance: worship is to be both structured and free; prophecy is welcomed, but must be tested; leaders are honored, but are required to serve; guests are welcomed, but hospitality has limitations. This ‘chaordic’ ethos of the Didache is of historical interest to Pentecostals and is relevant to culturally diverse churches today.
TENSION WOOD-LIKE REACTION WOOD IN VESSEL-LESS TETRACENTRON SINENSE
Authors: Aiso H. , Ishiguri F. , Ohkubo T. , Yokota S.
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study is to clarify the anatomical characteristics and lignin distribution of reaction wood in a vessel-less angiosperm species, Tetracentron sinense Oliv. Sample disks (1 cm in thickness) were collected from three different positions of a Tetracentron sinense tree. Cell morphologies, the microfibril angle (MFA) in the S2 layer, lignin distribution, and lignin content were measured. There was neither a gelatinous (G-)layer nor an S3 layer on the upper side of inclined samples. However, the secondary wall of the normal tracheids was only weakly stained by Mäule and phloroglucinol-HCl. MFA in the S2 layer and lignin content decreased on the upper side of inclined samples. This qualifies the reaction wood of Tetracentron as “tension wood-like”. The so-called “unusual tracheids”, typical for the wood of Tetracentron, showed weaker changes in their anatomical and chemical characteristics in reaction wood than normal tracheids, indicating their special function in water transport. It is hypothesized that vessel-less angiosperms rich in syringyl units in their lignin, produce tension wood-like reaction wood on the upper side of inclined stems or branches, with lower MFA and lignin content in their normal tracheid walls, irrespective of whether a typical G-layer is formed or not.
DISTRIBUTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, PECTINS AND HEMICELLULOSES IN MATURE PIT MEMBRANES AND ITS VARIATION BETWEEN PIT TYPES IN ENGLISH OAK XYLEM (QUERCUS ROBUR)
Authors: Kim Jong Sik , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: September 2016

Although there is considerable information on the chemistry of bordered intervessel pit membranes, little is known on the pit membrane chemistry of other pit types in hardwoods. This study investigated distribution of phenolic compounds, pectins and hemicelluloses in different mature pit membranes of English oak xylem using transmission electron microscopy coupled with cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Mature bordered intertracheid (vasicentric)- and tracheid-vessel pits showed presence of xyloglucan and heteromannan (hemicelluloses) epitopes across the pit membrane (except for the annulus regions) with differences in amounts of epitopes between earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW). In contrast, pectin epitopes were detected only in the annulus regions of pit membranes. Unlike bordered pits, half-bordered (tracheary-parenchyma pits) and simple (parenchyma pits) pit membranes were rich in pectin epitopes but lacked heteromannan epitopes, indicating difference in pit membrane chemistry between pit types. Distribution of phenolic compounds also differed between pit types and between EW and LW. LW also showed great variations in distribution of phenolic compounds between vessels. Together, this study demonstrates that there are great variations in pit membrane chemistry between pit types and between EW and LW in English oak xylem.
STEM ANATOMY OF SOME SPECIES OF PASSIFLORA (PASSIFLORACEAE)
Authors: Rajput Kishore S. , Baijnath Himansu
Published: September 2016

The stem anatomy of Passiflora edulis, P. foetida, P. suberosa, P. subpeltata, and P. vesicaria was studied in samples collected in Durban (KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa) and Baroda (Vadodara, Gujarat State, India). Radial stem growth in all the species is realized by a single, bidirectional vascular cambium. However, unequal activity in small segments of the cambial cylinder results in a lobed stem outline in P. foetida var. ellisonii, and a furrowed xylem cylinder in P. edulis f. edulis and P. vesicaria var. vesicaria. In P. subpeltata and P. edulis f. flavicarpa the xylem remains cylindrical in outline. In all the species investigated, secondary xylem is diffuse-porous with growth rings indistinct or absent. In transverse view, vessels are round to oval with different diameter categories, including very narrow fibriform vessels intermixed. In P. edulis f. edulis, stems are lobed due to the unidirectional activity of the cambium in small segments. Rays are mostly both narrow (1–3-seriate) and wide (multiseriate). The latter often become aggregate at some distance from the pith.
Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the Nearctic species of the Holarctic clade
Authors: BENNETT ROBB , COPLEY CLAUDIA , COPLEY DARREN
Published: September 2016

Species of North American Cybaeus L. Koch (Araneae: Dictynoidea: Cybaeidae) are classified in Holarctic and Californian clades. We review the Nearctic species of the Holarctic clade of these common moist-forest spiders. Twenty-one species grouped in informal tetricus (nine species) and angustiarum (twelve species) groups based on female genitalic characters are recognized, including four new species endemic to the western Nearctic: C. rothi Bennett sp. nov. (tetricus group) and C. charlesi Bennett sp. nov., C. harrietae Bennett sp. nov., and C. solanum Bennett sp. nov. (angustiarum group). Other Nearctic species in the tetricus group are C. cascadius Roth 1952, C. conservans Chamberlin & Ivie 1932, C. constrictus Chamberlin & Ivie 1942, C. eutypus Chamberlin & Ivie 1932, C. morosus Simon 1886, C. multnoma Chamberlin & Ivie 1942, C. paralypropriapus Bennett 2009, and C. waynei Bennett 2009. Other Nearctic species in the angustiarum group are C. bulbosus Exline 1935, C. giganteus Banks 1892, C. patritus Bishop & Crosby 1926, C. reticulatus Simon 1886, C. scopulatus Chamberlin & Ivie 1942, C. shoshoneus Chamberlin & Ivie 1932, C. signifer Simon 1886, C. silicis Barrows 1919, and C. sinuosus Fox 1937. Approximately half of the Nearctic Cybaeus species of the Holarctic clade are relatively widely distributed and frequently encountered; the remaining species have restricted ranges. Descriptions, illustrations, and range maps are provided for all species and identification keys are also included.
The Neotropical cuckoo wasp genus Ipsiura Linsenmaier, 1959 (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae): revision of the species occurring in Brazil
Authors: LUCENA DAERCIO A. A. , KIMSEY LYNN S. , ALMEIDA EDUARDO A. B.
Published: September 2016

The species of the chrysidid genus Ipsiura are reviewed with emphasis on the taxa occurring in Brazil. In the present study 34 Ipsiura species are recognized, diagnosed, and illustrated. Two new species are described here: Ipsiura bohartiana Lucena sp. nov. and I. duckeana Lucena sp. nov., and two others are transferred from Neochrysis to Ipsiura: I. assecia (Linsenmaier, 1997), comb. nov. and I. guayanensis (Linsenmaier, 1997), comb. nov., increasing to 41 the total of valid species in the genus. New diagnoses and redescriptions are provided for 34 species based on study of their types. For the first time, a comparative and illustrated study of male genitalia is presented for the majority of Ipsiura species. Notes on types and depository collections, a revised key for identification of species along with illustrations of diagnostic features, as well as geographical distribution maps are also given.
Description of two extraordinary new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon endemic to the rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), with notes on other Tapajós stingrays
Authors: CARVALHO MARCELO R. DE
Published: September 2016

Stingrays from the rio Tapajós basin are reviewed based on material collected from its lower (i.e. from the mouth-lake to Itaituba), middle (from about the São Luiz rapids to the confluence of rios Juruena and Teles Pires), and upper (above the Juruena-Teles Pires confluence) segments. Two new species endemic to the mid and upper Tapajós, discovered long ago and common in the ornamental fish trade, are described. Potamotrygon albimaculata sp. nov. is part of the black stingray species group, and is diagnosed by its blackish brown dorsal disc color with numerous and generally evenly-spaced small whitish spots and faint ocelli, multiple rows of thorns broadly spread on dorsal and lateral tail, pelvic fins with broadly rounded apices, and two angular cartilages with the posterior far more slender but about as wide as the anterior angular. Potamotrygon jabuti sp. nov. is diagnosed by its marbled color pattern that undergoes remarkable change with growth as adults have elaborate designs of beige, golden to yellowish-orange spots or ocelli surrounded by a slender beige to golden mesh-like pattern, but neonates have simple, well-separated ocelli; this species also has a single to double row of tail thorns varying in their development, monognathic heterodonty with teeth of intermediate lateral rows of upper jaws larger and hexagonal, and two robust, more or less equally developed angular cartilages. Both species co-occur in the relatively fast-flowing mid and upper Tapajós basin, but mostly occupy different areas of the river, with P. albimaculata sp. nov. more abundant in its central troughs but foraging at its margins, whereas P. jabuti sp. nov. is also present in smaller streams over rocky, sandy and leafy substrates. The Tapajós basin includes at least seven stingray species, but additional species probably also occur. Potamotrygon motoro, P. orbignyi, P. humerosa, Potamotrygon sp., and Paratrygon aiereba are present in the lower Tapajós mouth-lake, which may also include Plesiotrygon and Heliotrygon species. In addition to the new species described herein, P. orbignyi and Paratrygon cf. aiereba occur in the mid and upper Tapajós, along with another form (Potamotrygon cf. scobina) known only from the region of the São Luiz rapids. Therefore, three additional new species may be present in the Tapajós basin, which has one of the most diverse stingray assemblages known together with the rios Negro and Tocantins-Araguaia.
Soccer-Related Facial Trauma
Authors: Bobian Michael R. , Hanba Curtis J. , Svider Peter F. , Hojjat Houmehr , Folbe Adam J. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Shkoukani Mahdi A.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Soccer participation continues to increase among all ages in the US. Our objective was to analyze trends in soccer-related facial injury epidemiology, demographics, and mechanisms of injury.

Materials and Methods:

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for soccer-related facial injuries from 2010 through 2014. Results for product code “soccer” were filtered for injures to the face. Number of injuries was extrapolated, and data were analyzed for age, sex, specific injury diagnoses, locations, and mechanisms.

Results:

In all, 2054 soccer-related facial trauma entries were analyzed. During this time, the number of injures remained relatively stable. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (44.2%), followed by contusions and fractures. The most common sites of fracture were the nose (75.1%). Of fractures with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was head-to-head collisions (39.0%). Patients <19 years accounted for 66.9% of injuries, and athletes over 18 years old had a higher risk of fractures.

Conclusions:

The incidence of soccer-related facial trauma has remained stable, but the severity of such injuries remain a danger. Facial protection in soccer is virtually absent, and our findings reinforce the need to educate athletes, families, and physicians on injury awareness and prevention.
An exploration of Thai public perceptions of defenses in cases of women who kill their domestically violent spouses
Authors: Ho Robert Tack Kwei , Chantagul Natalie
Published: September 2016

The present study investigated the issue of domestic violence in Thailand and in particular the reactions of the Thai populace (male versus female) to a battered woman who killed her abusive spouse, as well as how such reactions could be influenced by the presentation of expert testimony related to the battered woman syndrome. Cluster sampling conducted within the Bangkok metropolitan area in Thailand yielded a sample of 1190 participants who voluntarily filled in the study’s questionnaire. Multi-group path analysis showed no significant gender difference in the direct influence of battered woman syndrome information on the verdict/judgment rendered and suggests that the provision of such information in spousal homicide trials within the Thai context may not be efficacious in influencing the participants’ verdict judgments. Results however did indicate an indirect effect of the battered woman syndrome information on the verdict/judgment rendered being mediated by the defense strategy of self-defense. This finding indicated that the battered woman syndrome information presented aided the participants in contextualizing the defendant’s killing in a frame of self-defense, rather than inappropriately applying a form of “reasonableness” in their verdict/judgment. These findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the presentation of battered woman syndrome information in trials of Thai battered women who killed their abusive spouses.
Inside Revolutionary Parties: Coalition-Building and Maintenance in Reformist Bolivia
Authors: Anria Santiago , Cyr Jennifer
Published: September 2016

This article explores the coalitional success of mass-mobilizing, reformist parties once they achieve power. Why are some of these parties more successful than others at managing the potentially conflicting interests of their diverse social bases? We argue that organizational strategies adopted early on matter greatly. The nature of the party’s core constituency, together with the linkage strategies undertaken by party leaders in crafting a coalition of support, shapes a party’s ability to maintain that coalition over time. When coalitional partners are intensively rather than extensively integrated, they are more likely to compromise over policy disagreements rather than defect when defection becomes attractive. We develop this theory by comparing the evolution of two Bolivian parties: the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement and the Movement Toward Socialism. Against conventional explanations that are overly dependent upon structural factors, our argument stresses the impact of strategic choices in shaping a party’s ability to maintain its coalition.
The Incorporation of a Spiritual Emergency Experience Into a Client’s Worldview: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Sedláková Hana , Řiháček Tomáš
Published: September 2016

This study is focused on the process of constructing the meaning of a spiritual emergency experience. In the context of this study, spiritual emergency is understood as an experience of psychotic nature, defined by criteria such as good preepisode functioning, nonordinary states of consciousness, awareness of the intrapsychic nature of the process, or preserved ability to cooperate. In-depth interviews with 13 participants who experienced an episode of spiritual emergency were analyzed using the grounded theory method. The analysis yielded a core category titled “The incorporation of a spiritual emergency experience into a client’s worldview.” The process of incorporation was conceptualized by two complementary paths: (a) a Suppressive path characterized by an effort to mitigate or eliminate symptoms, considering them as a personally meaningless pathology, and return to a previous state of functioning and (b) a Facilitative path characterized by an acceptance of symptoms, a search for their meaning, and eventually, the adoption of a new perspective. The results are discussed in relation to different theoretical approaches to psychotic experiences.
Enduring in an “Impossible” Occupation
Authors: Jones Brady K.
Published: September 2016

Very little is known about the role of person-level qualities, or personality, in the teacher labor market. This study explores the role of perfectionism in teacher occupational commitment and retention. One hundred eighteen graduates of a competitive teacher preparation program with widely varying levels of total years commitment to the job completed a measure of three dimensions of perfectionism— standards (holding oneself to high standards), order (valuing neatness, tidiness, and being disciplined), and discrepancy (perceiving a gap between ambitions and abilities)—and gave information about their personal backgrounds and work histories. Results suggest that none of the dimensions of perfectionism predict teacher commitment in the sample as a whole, but that the order dimension significantly predicts long-term commitment to struggling urban versus affluent suburban schools. These results imply that long-term urban teachers may be adept at overlooking difficult and sometimes chaotic circumstances to sustain themselves in the occupation.
Age Differences in Reliance on Executive Control in Fluid Reasoning
Authors: Gombart Samantha , Fay Séverine , Bouazzaoui Badiâa , Isingrini Michel
Published: September 2016

While executive control (processes that facilitate the adaptation to new and/or complex situations) show an age-related decline, behavioral studies have observed stronger correlations between control and certain cognitive functions in older compared to young adults, which are often interpreted as an increase in the reliance on controlled processes with aging. Fifty-seven young adults ( Mage=27.4 year, SD = 4.1) and 79 older adults ( Mage=69.9 year, SD = 6.8) were administered several Fluid Reasoning, Control, and Representation measures. For the second step of the study, a group of 41 older adults ( Mage=68.3 year, SD = 6.2) was selected as matching the young ones in terms of control measures. Correlations between fluid reasoning and control were stronger in older than in young adults. A General Linear Model analysis revealed a significant interaction between age and control variables. These results confirm the greater reliance on executive control in fluid reasoning performance in older adults, which may correspond to an active mechanism to cope with age-related difficulties.