bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ vector calibration of magnetic observatories
Authors: Gonsette Alexandre , Rasson Jean , Humbled François
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The goal of magnetic observatories is to measure and provide a vector magnetic field in a geodetic coordinate system. For that purpose, instrument set-up and calibration are crucial. In particular, the scale factor and orientation of a vector magnetometer may affect the magnetic field measurement. Here, we highlight the baseline concept and demonstrate that it is essential for data quality control. We show how the baselines can highlight a possible calibration error. We also provide a calibration method based on high-frequency absolute measurements. This method determines a transformation matrix for correcting variometer data suffering from scale factor and orientation errors. We finally present a practical case where recovered data have been successfully compared to those coming from a reference magnetometer.
The Developmental Importance of Success and Failure Experiences at Summer Camp
Authors: Wilson Cait , Sibthorp Jim
Published: September 2017

Young people can learn from success and failure. Such experiences are useful in developing skills (e.g., perseverance and coping), and remain essential facets of youth programming. However, success and failure can also impede development. Appraisal theory has been used widely to examine youths’ experiences with success and failure in school and sport, yet summer camps represent an important setting where success and failure may look and feel different. In camp settings success or failure are often more subjective and less dependent on objective performance indicators such as grades, wins, or losses. Because of these contextual differences, little is known about youth experiences with success and failure at summer camp. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to use summer camp as a context to describe youths’ appraisals of success and failure experiences and the associated development. Findings explain how success and failure at camp can contribute to the positive development of self-efficacy, effective coping, and perseverance. Furthermore, some youth exhibit unproductive responses to failure at camp which may obstruct opportunities for growth. Implications for practice are recommended to help camp staff support young people through failure experiences and to maximize the positive developmental potential of both failure and success at camp.
Positive Youth Development in Diverse and Global Contexts
Authors: Astroth Kirk A.
Published: September 2017

A new special issue Child Development focuses on a number of efforts around positive youth development—both within the United States with vulnerable populations as well as in global settings.  The volume offers a wealth of information about how positive youth development efforts need to be tailored to specific and unique contexts, and why imposing program models or curricula on diverse populations often fails.  Practitioners will gain an appreciation for the power of positive youth development to transform lives when programs are intentional, well-planned and targeted. This special issue is available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.2017.88.issue-4/issuetoc.
Aesthetics, Repertoire, Roles, and Playbills
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides a survey of Cantonese opera, its connection to other genres of Chinese opera, its music, repertoire, vocal style, accompanying instruments, etc. Because the performance practice changed over time, this chapter draws from a wealth of primary and secondary documents to offer a working knowledge of Cantonese opera as it was practiced in North American during the 1920s. Over 1000 Chinese playbills from San Francisco, New York City, Vancouver, Seattle and Havana between 1917 and 1929 provide the foundation for understanding the popular repertoire during the time. In addition, commentaries in Chinese newspapers, as well as memoirs and oral histories from veteran performers reveal much about the historical performance practice. Taken together, these resources form the basis of an understanding of the Cantonese opera in this period ranging from the increased usage of stage backdrops and stage props, a gradual shift of popular role types and vocal styles, and popular novel repertoire types. A reflection on the significance of daily opera playbill closes the chapter.
Powder and Rouge
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter shifts our focus to the thriving community of Cantonese opera theaters in Canada, from as early as the late nineteenth century. Despite anti-Chinese initiatives growing toward the end of the century, Chinese opera performers were admitted into Canada with regularity, and Chinese theaters continued to find success. Beginning with the troupes, popular performers and theaters of the 1910s, the chapter traces the trajectories of their performing circuit and theaters into the 1920s. In particular, the 1921 opening of Le Wannian theater in Vancouver marked the beginning of a new era, whose performers, such as Guan Yinglian, had an enormous impact on the community. Finally, the Victoria/Vancouver-based Lun On company led Cantonese opera troupe to return to United States, which in turn commenced the golden era of Cantonese opera in North America. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the significance of Triangle Route between Victoria, Vancouver and Seattle.
From Honolulu to Havana
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

Though the Cantonese opera network spanned the Americas, its manifestation in any particular place varied according to local conditions. This chapter considers three Chinese theaters (in Honolulu, Vancouver, and Havana) of the 1920s to offer further perspectives on the renaissance of Cantonese opera during that decade. Through this study, we gain a fuller appreciation of how Chinese opera theaters were linked to, steered by, and shaped by the larger transnational performing network, and in turn, how the larger network was affected by them. Kue Hing was the company based in Vancouver that brought opera theater to Honolulu. Meanwhile, in Vancouver a theater was reestablished in the name of Mandarin Theater, though no owned by the theater of the same name in San Francisco. Finally, through a recently discovered set of correspondences among family members disbursed in US, Cuba and Canada, the chapter unveils the working of transnational network at the ground level.
Scientism and Practice
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

The conclusion argues that a discussion on the origin, purpose, evolution and moral implications of sympathy led to cultural and policy changes in Victorian life, as well as to new expressions of the self. It establishes the extent of scientific influence in policy creation, and illustrates the irony of Darwin’s key intellectual contribution to public life: although he meant only to describe the evolution of sympathy in order to justify Victorian morals, the description nevertheless contributed to the transformation of Victorian practices as justified by Darwinian morals. The conclusion emphasises the importance of scientific error, in contrast to the history of science’s orientation towards seminal successes, and highlights the extent to which scientific discourse tended towards scientism, dogmatically preached from the heart.
Ordinary Violence and Creative Economy
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, the global creative economy discursive regime is shown to be a spatially-differentiated and power-laden practice. Analyzing the ways in which heritage, creative economy and urban development have become inseparable concerns in India, Delhi and Ahmedabad, it shows that creative economy discourse relies upon and reinforces entrenched colonial capitalist structures of production and rule. Locating the emergence of hope and optimism, the chapter argues that creative economy practices replace, rebrand, and profit from rebranding older modes of governance and their ordinary violence located in class, caste, gender and religious relations. In so doing, creative economy practices aestheticize the profound and normal contradictions of contemporary capitalist development and democracy in India.
Another Creative Economy?
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter asks whether another creative economy is possible—one that negotiates and goes beyond the terms of hegemonic neoliberal and Hindu constructions of creative economy. It argues that Budhan Theater provides a glimpse of such a creative economy born in the crucible of ongoing betrayals in their pursuit of rehabilitation from criminalized histories. They find ways of making their creative practices overcome the deadly inseparability of the ways in which the police and governmental patronage of Chhara survival continues to patronize Chhara stigma. Budhan Theater this chapter argues, finds a line of flight that refuses the divisive sectarianism and the violent, hegemonic patronage systems within which the conditions of survival for the urban poor and the politics among the oppressed has become contained in India.
Of Things to Come
Authors: Smith Jad
Published: September 2017

Although Bester spoke disapprovingly of his early career, dismissing all of his stories written before 1950 as juvenilia, he produced several promising works in the early 1940s, most notably “The Probable Man,” “Adam and No Eve,” and “Hell Is Forever.” These stories appeared in leading markets such as Astounding and Unknown but pushed beyond them, at once invoking and subverting the conventions of the standard techno-adventure. This chapter demonstrates that even at this early stage in his career, Bester experimented with SF reading protocols in highly self-conscious ways. It also traces the emergence of key elements of his approach, including the use of hybrid SF-mystery plots, metanarration, metafictional references, the frame story, pastiche, extra-coding, and ambiguous resolutions
Never Were There Such Devoted Sisters
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter traces May Irwin’s life from her early move from Canada to America in a vaudeville act with her sister, Flo Irwin. Her apprenticeship with Tony Pastor is reviewed in detail, as is her subsequent split with Flo to work with Augustin Daly. Daly represented a new kind of manager-director in American theatre who used nineteenth century notions of realism on the stage. Irwin’s combined natural ability and technical training assisted her rise to stardom when she left Daly’s company for financial reasons. The chapter considers factors contributing to 1890s theatre growth, the emergence of new theatre audiences, and the success of the Keith-Albee Circuit. The chapter concludes with Irwin’s success in The Widow Jones as she becomes America’s “reigning Queen of Comedy.”
The “Only One Boss Bully”
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

Chapter four continues the examination of the coon song begun in chapter three, narrowing the focus to Irwin’s two most popular songs, “The Frog Song” and “The Bully.” The author analyzes the differing responses of black and white audiences to the coon song and the accompanying cakewalk. She discusses the case of black female coon shouters, such as Belle Davis, who parody May Irwin’s style of singing. The author looks at Irwin as a white mammy figure and delves into the layers of meaning inherent in her performance of the Bully, layers that reveal the intersection of racism and misogyny; the ideology of Victorian womanhood and the rape myth; and the significance of late nineteenth century vitalism and naturalist racism.
Unbounded Domesticity
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks at May Irwin’s alignment with domestic feminism as one of her strategies for success. Other actresses used domesticity to promote their professional lives, but Irwin created the most formidable pairing of these two lives. She wrote articles about the importance of women as savers, shoppers, and buyers of real estate in the new consumer capitalism of the late nineteenth century. She extolled motherhood as essential for success as an actress and she became the first celebrity chef when she published her popular cookbook in 1904. The author connects May Irwin to both the older idea of Victorian womanhood and the “New Woman” and considers the effects of the growing business of advertising, the culture of professionalism and the new field of home economics.
Causes and Compromise
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks at the variety of causes Irwin was involved in, from animal rights to suffragism to pacifism. The chapter reviews the anti-trust movement led by Theodore Roosevelt and blossoming during Woodrow Wilson’s push for progressivism. Irwin’s immunity to anti-immigrant sentiment because of her Scottish roots is discussed. Her reason for opposition to the new Actors Equity Association is covered. As the calls for suffragism grow, Irwin lends her voice to the cause, as do other actress suffragists, including Mary Shaw and Lillian Russell. She urges Woodrow Wilson to appoint her as “Secretary of Laughter.” Through it all, she stresses the strong connection between women and humor and her belief that women have a greater sense of humor than men do.
Modernity as Crisis
Authors: Mansell James G.
Published: September 2017

This chapter introduces the main organization that promoted noise abatement in early twentieth-century Britain, the Anti-Noise League led by Thomas Horder, as well as the rise of self-help advice for those suffering from noise sensitivity. Because the League and its supporters mounted a medical critique of noise, the chapter situates noise abatement in its medical historical context, arguing that anti-noise advocates drew on the diagnostic paradigm of neurasthenia. They did so even though this category was increasingly outdated in medical terms following the rise of the new psychology. The use of neurasthenia limited the scientific credibility of noise abatement, but gave it powerful cultural purchase thanks to popular ideas about “nerves.”
Creating the Sonically Rational
Authors: Mansell James G.
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines rationalizing attempts to intervene in the everyday sounds of early twentieth-century Britain, focussing on two spatial case studies – the industrial workplace and the home – where reformers targeted their attention in the inter-war period. It traces the influence of state-sponsored industrial psychologists who situated their dispassionate expertise about noise in opposition to the noise abatement movement led by the Anti-Noise League. The chapter also examines documentary filmmaking as a third practice where state-sponsored activity sought to shape everyday attitudes to sound. The chapter argues that these activities ultimately legitimated noise as a necessary feature of modern life.
National Acoustics
Authors: Mansell James G.
Published: September 2017

This chapter takes the case study of the Second World War to trace the progress of the various “ways of hearing” outlined so far in the book. The chapter focusses on national sounds and national hearing as features of sonic modernity, tracing the war’s influence on attempts to shape the auditory space of the nation. It shows how the noise abatement movement dealt with the war, taking civil defence workers out of the city for quiet rest breaks in the countryside, and considers the meaning of different wartime sounds, such as bomb noise and church bells, to the wartime nation. The chapter argues that wartime citizens were situated as hearers and directed towards “healthy” ways to hear the war by different auditory experts.
Conclusion
Authors: Mansell James G.
Published: September 2017

The conclusion to the book argues that sound is an affective resource for the exercise of power. Investing sound with meaning and attuning listeners to these meanings was part of the contested shaping of social life in early twentieth-century Britain. Sound became an important means to make sense of modernity and its progress. However, because competing experts had different interpretations of what modernity should sound like, they advanced different and sometimes competing “ways of hearing” noise.
The Red and the Black
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

Given that 1955, the dead center of “the Fifties,” was the year in which RKO, the “house of noir,” was sold to Desilu Studios, the home of I Love Lucy, it would appear on the face of things that classic American film noir was good and dead by midcentury. But despite the received critical wisdom about the genre, The Red and the Black proposes that the grand, rise-and-fall narrative about classic noir misprizes the way in which, via various subgenres (melodrama, semi-documentary, etc.), it dramatizes complex notions about gender and sexuality, race and family, nation and homosexuality. The clichés about 1950s noir also misrecognize the way in which, via new media and technologies (color, television, 3-D, widescreen), it effects a dynamic segue between 1940s expressionist noir and early, “modernist” neo-noir. Since the negative, stereotypical determination of Cold War noir tends to be a function of generalities about the genre and the period, The Red and the Black focuses less on “the Fifties” than on the performative contradictions of particular films and the representative cultural-political formations—anticommunism, the atomic bomb, and new media/technologies--of which they are singular “examples.” In fine, in “the Fifties,” in the age of TV and three-dimension, the femme fatale and the nuclear family, Cinemascope and Technicolor, the A-bomb and McCarthyism, the blacklist and “reds under the beds,” ‘50s noir not only existed but flourished.
Introduction
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

The introduction offers a fresh, animated take on the various films as well as the macro themes (anticommunism, the atomic or nuclear bomb, new media and technologies such as TV and 3-D, color and widescreen), character types (femme fatale, private detective, FBI, police), and leitmotifs (race and class, gender and sexuality, nation and homosexuality, expressionism and neo-realism) discussed in more detail and at greater length in the body of the book.
D.O.A.
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

If iridium, the nuclear subtext of Rudolph Maté’s D.O.A. (1950) is oblique from an atomic perspective, from another, generic perspective (say, the classic investigative narrative of film noir), it’s virtually nonexistent, an anamorphic trick to explore the fate of sexuality and marriage, infidelity and adultery, masculinity and femininity in the age of the atomic bomb. Although the stolen iridium in D.O.A. is more immaterial than the microfilm canister in Pickup on South Street and less apocalyptic than the Pandora’s Box in Kiss Me Deadly, it nevertheless evokes a determinate “structure of feeling,” a postwar world defined by the lingering anxiety about radioactivity as well as the mushrooming dread of instant nuclear annihilation.
Kiss Me Deadly
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

In part because of its pulp fiction, Mickey-Spillane provenance, Kiss Me Deadly (1955) has been widely interpreted as a key text of McCarthyism, yet it’s arguably better interpreted, via the film’s repeated recourse to the X figure, as an apocalyptic one with the proviso that in the 1950s the discourse about the “red menace” is frequently imbricated with the discourse about femininity--about, that is to say, the femme fatale and female sexuality. While censorship in the form of the Production Code Administration (PCA) played a significant part in the production of Kiss Me Deadly, there’s little doubt that Robert Aldrich’s picture is a film noir since it features a private detective who, knee-deep in sex and violence, is ultimately unable to prevent an atomic detonation that can itself be interpreted as both a death and orgasm, cataclysm and resurrection.
The Glass Web
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

Since 3-D was originally developed, like CinemaScope, in response to the catastrophic decline of the movie audience, studios were eager to exploit three-dimension and apply it to genres such as the “meller” or “thriller.” Set in the “exotic” world of live TV, featuring a three-dimensional femme fatale, and revolving around the production of a true-crime television show called “Crime of the Week,” The GlassWeb appeared in 1953, the annus mirabilis of 3-D movies. However, despite certain spectacular 3-D passages, the visual style of The Glass Web tends toward the “zero degree,” reflecting the dominant postwar trend toward television and neo-realism. In just this sense, The Glass Web represents an uncommon mixture of classical Hollywood cinema and TV, a witch’s brew of the “silver” and “small screen,” classic expressionist noir and Dragnet, that reads, in retrospect, as both “retro” and prescient.
The Crimson Kimono
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

Samuel Fuller’s Crimson Kimono (1959) is, like Odds against Tomorrow (1959), a paradigmatic late ‘50s American noir. Part policier, part melodrama, part “art” film, part “B” or exploitation picture, The Crimson Kimono deploys the sort of self-reflexive devices associated with Douglas Sirk’s ‘50s melodramas in order to “estrange” or “alienate” the dark crime film. For example, by portraying an interracial romance and commenting on the cliché of Oriental inscrutability, The Crimson Kimono foregrounds the black-and-white moral calculus of melodrama even as italicizes the racial difference, not to say racism, that has been a part, however occluded, of the history of “black film.” Equally importantly, by refiguring the film’s Asian-American police detective as the “hero” of the narrative who solves the case and “gets the girl,” Fuller’s film refashions one of the constitutive tropes of the genre, the “Shanghai gesture,” a trope that can itself be traced back to The Maltese Falcon (1941) and the origins of classic American film noir.
Sentimentality and Gender in Musically Accompanied Recitations
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

Musical accompaniment for poetry recitation not only enhanced the dramatic narrative, but it served as what Joanne Dobson has dubbed the “sentimental keepsake,” common to nineteenth-century literature. Accompanied recitations typically featured appropriate romantic or religious topics, depicting nostalgic memories of dancing with lost loves, singing soldiers longing for home, and sufferers’ faith in the face of death. Dances, parlor songs, or hymns were played when they were mentioned in poetic texts. Songs served as an audible expression of grief, loss, memory, and the fragility of human connections, topoi at the core of the sentimental literary tradition. That familiar music recalled the domestic sphere enabled platform appearances by women to be acceptable despite their gender.
Words and Music Ladies
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

Women’s clubs networks supported the careers of composer-performers Frieda Peycke (1884–1964) and Phyllis Fergus (1887–1964). Both women presented herself not as an elocutionist, but as a composer of a musical art form and publicized the spoken word genres in which she performed with a unique label: Fergus’s “story poems,” and Peycke’s “musically-illustrated readings.” Fergus appeared before women’s music clubs in Chicago, groups that had readers as members into the 1940s, and gradual assumed leadership positions. Peycke’s performances in private homes suggests an ongoing women’s salon culture that supported spoken word performance. Never released, Peycke’s recordings, as well as her published articles, were unable to create a lasting audience for her compositions, though she performed successfully in Los Angeles for fifty years.
Women’s Work, Women’s Humor
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

Nettie Arthur Brown’s The Red Fan (1896) was typical of the humorous spoken-word compositions in twentieth-century America. Due to female elocutionists’ performance traditions, women became the primary composers of melodramatic compositions, including a few modernist composers, such as Ruth Crawford Seeger and Marion Bauer. More typically, comic “musical readings” satirized gender expectations. Courtship, marriage, and domesticity were portayed as less than ideal. Performers sometimes adopted a rebellious boy persona, allowing for women’s further expression of gendered satire. Some compositions depicted grandmothers, and moral and religious works continued and modified nineteenth-century ideals. Piano accompaniments humorously quote well-known compositions and feature closing gestures that punctuate the narratives’ climactic “punch lines.” Ultimately, female composers feminized melodrama, creating genres to speak for and to women.
Mapping the Local
Authors: Ali Christopher
Published: September 2017

Chapter 1 unpacks the theoretical foundations and analytical frameworks of the local by thematically mapping its various interpretations throughout critical political economy, critical theory, and critical geography. The chapter begins with a conversation about the local in everyday life and then moves on to conceptual and critical understandings of the local, space, place, and community, analyzing the themes of “local as place,” “local as community,” “local as market,” “local as resistive,” and “local as fetish.” Throughout these interrelated discussions, examples are drawn from local media in the United States, the UK, and Canada. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to move the reader toward a more holistic understanding of the local as developed in the theory of critical regionalism.
The Political Economy of Localism
Authors: Ali Christopher
Published: September 2017

In Chapter 6, the case studies are analyzed through the frameworks of critical regionalism and critical political economy. The first section describes how a political economy of localism has come to exist within media policy discourse. This system favors the status quo over alternatives, tethers local media exclusively to specific places, and impedes our ability to think through ways to bridge the spatial and social divides of localism. The second section reintroduces critical regionalism as an approach that tempers this political economy. The chapter argues that while the political economy of localism works to stifle policy alternatives, there are policy windows – “moments of critical regionalism” – that require our attention. The chapter offers a definition of media localism based on critical regionalism and the case studies.
“Solely to Suppress the Rebellion”
Authors: Stanley Matthew E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter argues that by the 1880s the Loyal West itself divided, with Lower Middle Western veterans increasingly emphasizing regional commonalities with the Border South—shared identities as white western men—in order to hasten sectional reunification with former Confederates. Meanwhile, the pervasive and northerly creeping Lost Cause, along with a master Grand Army of the Republic narrative of reunification, embodied by war with Spain a reconciled nationalism among whites reinforced by a spate of Blue-Gray reunions, undercut the more provincial Loyal Western story. Although it was challenged and overtaken by a national détente campaign, culminating at Gettysburg in 1913, reunion succeeded first where it was most probable, among Loyal Westerners along slavery’s border.
“No More Shall the Winding Rivers Be Red”
Authors: Stanley Matthew E.
Published: September 2017

The Epilogue examines the 1887 and 1899 Blue-Gray Reunions in Evansville, Indiana. It argues that these two reunions were representative of both how Lower Middle Western citizens and veterans used western identity to facilitate sectional reconciliation, as well as how broadening reconciliatory trends combined with national and international imperatives to slowly undermine the Loyal West narrative even as that narrative’s social and political assumptions (staunch patriotism, regional “othering,” racial exclusion) came to shape the twentieth-century Midwest.
Ineffable Experiences of the Profane World
Authors: Filimon Monica
Published: September 2017

“I do not think that realism exists; it is merely a label,” claims director Cristi Puiu every time interviewers venture to use the term in relation to his work.1 Yet realism would be the first qualifier most critics would associate with his films, especially with the groundbreaking ...
“The Ineptitude of Command,” 1915–1921
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: September 2017

World War I interrupted Arnautoff’s plans for art school. After cavalry officer school, he served with some distinction to the end of the war, when his unit was significantly affected by the Bolshevik seizure of power. After the army was dissolved, Arnautoff made his way to Simbirsk where he was recruited into a White army unit in the Russian Civil War, probably that of KOMUCH. He spent from July 1918 to November 1920 retreating from the Volga across Siberia to northeastern China.
DETCOM and COMSAB, 1945–1953
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: September 2017

During the early Cold War, the Arnautoffs attracted more FBI surveillance. Victor was designated as DETCOM (Communist to be detained in case of national emergency) and COMSAB (potential Communist saboteur). With the rise of abstract expressionism, Victor’s social realism became marginalized, but he found a new cultural home in the California Labor School. He strongly defended the work of Anton Refregier at San Francisco’s Rincon Annex postoffice when it came under attack from anti-Communists. The Arnautoffs continued to be active in the Communist party and applied again to emigrate to the Soviet Union but were again denied
Banzai! And the Others Die—Collective Violence in the Rape of Nanking
Authors: Jacob Frank
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, Frank Jacob carefully examines another significant manifestation of collective violence in Asian history: the mass atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers against Chinese in the Rape of Nanking in 1937 and 1938. First analyzing at length the contentious historiography and historical evidence surrounding this pivotal episode of collective violence performed by agents of the Japanese state, Jacob then closely examines the violence perpetrated at Nanking from a theoretical perspective, arguing that it displayed both dynamics of state-sponsored macro-violence such as warfare and genocide as well as some qualities of extralegal micro-violence, such as lynching.
Introduction
Authors: Feurer Rosemary , Pearson Chad
Published: September 2017

Rosemary Feurer and Chad Pearson introduce the book by describing the importance of study employers, the historiography about this group, and the structure of the book. Feurer and Pearson highlight scholarly trends, including the recent popularity of the study of capitalism and conservatism. They make a case of placing class at the center of their study. They note that few scholars of capitalism have focused extensively on the anti-union activities of employers, and that political historians of conservatism have overstated the differences between the Republicans and Democrats with respect to labor relations. This introduction makes a strong case emphasizing the role of employers in shaping politics, public relations, and labor relations.
Scientific Management, Racist Science, and Race Management
Authors: Esch Elizabeth , Roediger David
Published: September 2017

Elizabeth Esch and David Roediger highlight the ways employers and their allies used racism to divide the working classes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Such racist practices began under slavery, and continued well into the early twentieth century as they constructed hierarchical workplaces which they deemed as natural; unions and solidarity in their estimation subverted the natural order. They call this practice “race management.” Employers seeking control over the workforce benefited from racism.
A Moderate Employers’ Association in a “House Divided”
Authors: Stanger Howard R.
Published: September 2017

Howard Stanger brings a broad temporal perspective to Columbus employers in the printing industry and their varied strategies regarding activism. Here he makes the case for how employer activism did not always lead to an ability to counter unionism. Columbus printers made a collective decision to recognize unions for the first part of the twentieth century, and then later made a collective decision to initiate a campaign to counter unions. This counter-campaign benefitted from the long praxis of anti-unionism in other parts of the country, facilitated a vigorous belligerent drive against them based on strategies learned elsewhere, and in other industries.
Litigating for Profit
Authors: Dennis Michael
Published: September 2017

Michael Dennis looks at grocery workers in the late twentieth century, and the lopsided power mounted against their effort to organize. Despite the clear sentiment in favor of unionization, employers unleased antiunion consultants and legal barriers that countered the millions of dollars spent by the union to organize. Dennis shows that employer determination supported by the state were the chief reasons for management’s victory. Unions’ reliance on legal strategies were no match for employers’ determination to skirt the boundaries of the law.
Capital and Labor in the 21st Century
Authors: Rachleff Peter
Published: September 2017

Peter Rachleff considers the meaning of the essays in respect to the continuing growth of employer organizing, including recent employer campaigns to further weaken—even eliminate altogether—organized labor. Despite much effort by pundits who suggest that the “new economy” and globalization decenters employer activism in the United States, one has only to look to the national, state, and local activism inhering in the American Legislative Exchange Commission to recognize how much employer activism remains central. The question to be answered is whether forces from below will develop a counterstrategy that might contest the power of employer activism in the way that workers did in earlier periods.
Reading “America” Across and Against the Grain of Public Discourse
Authors: Desmond Jane C.
Published: September 2017

Recent political events like the violent rise of ISIS (the so-called Islamic State), the war in Syria, continuing U.S. engagement in Afghanistan, U.S. participation in fighting the pandemic of Ebola in West Africa, Russian military interventions in Ukraine and their effects on U.S.-Europe relations, plans for strengthening the U.S.-India relationship as part of a wider strategy of Asian diplomacy, and, after fifty years of firm disengagement, the striking easing of relations between the United States and Cuba, all signal the continuing interlocking political spheres of action of the United States and so many other parts of the world. Beyond these political events, ever expanding flows of goods, people, and ideas into and out of the United States demand our attention as scholars with expertise on the political entity and cultural imaginary that gets called “America.”...
Kefaya and the New Politics of Anti-Americanism
Authors: Shorbagy Manar
Published: September 2017

This essay examines the Kefaya movement in Egypt and what the author calls the new politics of anti-Americanism in Egypt. The essay provides some needed historical background to the era of George W. Bush’s politics and the U.S. hopes for an “Arab Spring.” The essay argues that there has long been a policy in Washington, D.C., toward the Middle East that is a vision and not just a policy, and that it preceded regime change in Iraq. The author argues, moreover, that the U.S. has long sought a Middle East devoid of any resistance to the United States and Israel, that the U.S. has colossally failed in the Middle East, and that this demonstrates the perils of ignoring the complex realities of that area of the world. This essay (drawing on open-ended interviews, statements, newspaper articles, reports, and unpublished documents) presents the Kefaya movement as an example of a Middle Eastern movement with transformative potential, at once a cross-ideological force and an alternative mode of resistance to American imperialism.
Tales of the West
Authors: Solli Kristin
Published: September 2017

This essay examines “country music,” its fans in Norway, and its complicated message about “Europeanization.” It shows how sporting “American” symbols such as cowboy hats and U.S. flags was common practice among fans of “country music” in Norway at the turn of the 21st century, and argues that these acts represent a rural Norwegian embrace of the U.S. as a way of protesting “Europeanization.” Solli is careful to argue that it never meant embracing U.S. foreign policy in general nor an urban Norwegian pro-Americanism, but she does suggest that taking Norway as a case study is helpful in thinking about many forms of ambivalence, including the transatlantic conflict over the Iraq War. Norwegian discourses about “America” and “Americanization” she argues, must be understood in relation to the European Union and not just in relation to the U.S., but rural-urban conflict in Norway about Norwegian-ness also plays a central role in processes of “othering” that are key in the phenomenon of Norwegian “country music” fandom.
Japanese Rappers, 9/11, and Soft Power
Authors: Condry Ian
Published: September 2017

This essay focuses on Japanese rappers but also explores arguably anti-American sentiments in popular culture otherwise seen as American. Condry is interested in the way Japanese rappers can be very provocative while simultaneously not being easily categorized as either “pro-Japanese” or “anti-American.” Instead he finds that they struggle to define an ethical politics across national boundaries. This essay exemplifies the ways that popular culture can be a vehicle for soft power, but makes a point of showing that it would be a mistake to view the spread of U.S. popular culture styles in itself as an effective national tool in world politics. Condry includes examples from Japanese rap musicians’ portrayals of 9/11 and the Iraq War. They may love hip-hop music and culture but still view U.S. government policies with skepticism. Provocatively, the essay asks how the analysis of soft power might be transformed if, instead of focusing on how American or Japanese soft power could be heightened, we instead asked how transnational goals of human rights, environmental protection, and fair trade (among others) could be made more “attractive” to the world as a whole.
Chino
Authors: Chang Jason Oliver
Published: September 2017

This book tells the history of anti-Chinese politics in Mexican culture. It reveals the hidden influence that anti-Chinese racism, or antichinismo, has had on the formation of the revolutionary government and mestizo national identity. The imagined racial figure of Chinese men created a profound impact in Mexican society. The book employs an Asian Americanist critique to evaluate Mexico as a racial state to discuss the political function of antichinismo at various points of national crisis. After the revolution, the social rights mandate of the 1917 constitution created a new rationality for the legitimacy and authority of the national state – to care for the good of the indigenous population. This book shows how Mexican politics relied upon racism against Chinese people to create polemical notions of the public good that helped generate new relationships between the government and the governed. The book is divided chronologically to attend to three major phases of antichinismo: the disposable worker, the killable subject, and the pernicious defiler. Through discourses of Chinese racial difference, diverse Mexican actors created alternative visions of the nation and helped rework the relationships of rule and consent. A regional approach to telling this national story illustrates that people took up antichinismo for different reasons but coalesced through the state ideology of revolutionary government’s mestizo nationalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Chang Jason Oliver
Published: September 2017

This chapter concludes the book by first reflecting on the legacy of antichinismo in Mexican culture by reflecting on the 1970s exhumation and relocation of hundreds of Chinese peoples’ graves in Mexicali, Baja California. The pervasive character of antichinismo in Mexican culture in the 1930s is traced through the substitute presidency of Ábelardo Rodríguez. Rodriguez gained national notoriety as a leading antichinista in his role as governor of Baja California. His presidency represents the ascendancy of antichinismo to an ideology of the mestizo racial state. This ideology is traced through the legal discourse and juridical formulations in Rodríguez’s policy platform. Antichinismo became a popular way to expand state power by appealing to the 1917 constitution’s social-rights mandate to protect the Mexican people. From bureaucratic reforms to a whole slate of policy areas including health, land, sex education, and nationality, antichinismo helped people define the public good. A lynching of three Chinese men in Villa Aldama is examined as an example of the racial violence inspired by state led Mexicanization. Antichinismo was strongest not when it expelled Chinese people from Mexican territory, but when it built consent for incorporation into the revolutionary government’s regimentation of economic, social, and sexual life. Antichinistas at various levels of government made mestizo nationalism a popular identity of state incorporation, one that traded social rights and state dependency for indigeneity and sovereignty. The chapter concludes by examining this process of race and state formation in Baja California during a period of agrarian unrest known as El Asalto a las Tierras in 1937 in which hundreds of Mexican people evicted thousands of Chinese farmers from lands in the Colorado River basin.
Teacher Unions and the American Political Imagination
Authors: Shelton Jon
Published: September 2017

This chapter documents the reasons for the diminished number of teacher strikes in the US since 1981. It also argues that while teacher strikes have declined, the two national teacher unions, the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association, have become major political targets of Republicans and even some Democrats. The chapter offers the book’s conclusion: that struggles over public education were fundamental in the demise of labor liberalism and the rise of neoliberalism. It also chronicles how continued market reforms have undercut public education in the years after the 1980s and asks what can be done to revitalize social democracy in the US.
Que(e)rying the American Dream in Films of the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Ty Eleanor
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks at a selection of post-2000 Asian American films that feature Asian American protagonists who are 1.5 or second-generation immigrants. The Debut (dir. Gene Cajayon), Red Doors (dir. Georgia Lee), Saving Face (dir. Alice Wu), and Charlotte Sometimes (dir. Eric Byler) question the professional and financial ambitions that were hallmarks of the model minority ideal of the economically successful Asian American established in the 1960s. The films depict protagonists who find themselves unable to fulfill what Sara Ahmed calls the "happiness duty" and experience melancholia and depression. A number of these independent Asian American filmmakers explore non-heteronormative and non-conjugal ways of expressing love and passion, revealing the shifting values, transcultural affiliations and desires that are now part of the multiplicity of Asian North American identity.
Gender, Post-9/11, and Ugly Feelings
Authors: Ty Eleanor
Published: September 2017

This chapter studies two texts that use humor and irony to deal with broken dreams and with ugly feelings caused by the inability to perform the dominant culture's expectations of race and gender. The protagonists in Alex Gilvarry's postmodern novel From the Memoirs of a Non-Enemy Combatant and in Keshni Kashyap and Mari Araki's Tina's Mouth: An Existential Comic Diary struggle to dissolve rigid categories of masculinity, femininity, and race. They both want to lead the lives of ordinary Americans but are misrecognized, and have to work through cultural expectations generated by their brown bodies, answering to the hopes of their families and friends and to the fantasies created by literature, film, and media.
Coda
Authors: Ty Eleanor
Published: September 2017

Mental health is still an unaddressed issue in Asian American families but there are serious attempts to make the public more aware of it. The works studied in Asianfail contribute to the growing awareness of our need to re-examine the "good life" -- its high cost and viability in the twenty-first century. Many Asian Americans and Asian Canadians have become involved in work for non-profit, for global environmental causes, with other groups, such as African Americans and First Nation Canadians. Their failure to conform to the model minority myth leads to new and unexpected ways of finding peace and contentment, or an unexplored career path.
Zones, Exchanges, Boundaries, Communities
Authors: Bendix Regina F. , Bizer Kilian , Noyes Dorothy
Published: September 2017

This chapter spells out the implications of prevailing metaphors for interdisciplinary process: the trading zone or contact zone, which generates pidgin languages; the gift exchange; the encounter of different communities of practice around a boundary object (the research topic), mediated by brokers. Inflected by academic hierarchies of prestige, each metaphor plays out differently in practice, offering a continuum of interactional intensity. The choice of a thinner or thicker mode of interdisciplinary encounter has implications for knowledge production, entailing tradeoffs between predictability and discovery, accountability and democratic participation.
Sociability in Social Research
Authors: Bendix Regina F. , Bizer Kilian , Noyes Dorothy
Published: September 2017

This chapter considers the research project as a temporary, liminal community, always at risk of dispersal from external incentives and internal frustrations. Participant commitment can be sustained through the traditional mechanism of ritual, while intellectual insight advances in play; junior researchers can animate both modes of sociability and achieve influence thereby. Shared space and shared time coordinate planned interactions and also facilitate spontaneous emergences. Examples from the Göttingen Interdisciplinary Working Group on Cultural Property illustrate the intellectual payoffs of coffee machines, dancing, visual project mapping, and writing the grant renewal application as exercises in social as well as intellectual coordination. In the middle stages of research, a tolerance for conceptual ambiguity at the project level can facilitate lower-level successes and interactions.
Coda
Authors: Bendix Regina F. , Bizer Kilian , Noyes Dorothy
Published: September 2017

We began this book on a hiking trip, and mountains are conducive to allegory. Thus we could map interdisciplinarity in yet another way.

We are coming from different places and distances to assemble at the trail-head. We are not quite clear about our destination: is it there, well-signed and...
A New-Age Search for Order
Authors: Gray White Deborah
Published: September 2017

This chapter demonstrates that Americans felt alone, angry, alienated, and isolated in the 1990s, and that they marched with likeminded people to both express these feelings and to find ways to take personal responsibility for their healing and renewal. This chapter compares the late twentieth century to the early twentieth century search for order that historians Robert Weibe and TJ Jackson Lears discuss. It also looks at the periods of Great Awakenings for points of comparison. To show why Americans were so disquieted, this chapter discusses the 1990s and the dislocations that impacted Americans by defining the new reality of postmodernism. It concludes by explaining how the different marches relate to post-modernism and why marches matter.