bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues Affecting Selection and Evaluation of ESP Teaching Materials
Authors: Pašalić Magda , Plančić Bisera
Published: October 2018

The paper will point out a range of obstacles and challenges English lecturers encounter when teaching English for Specific purposes (ESP) and when deciding which course book and teaching materials would best suit their students in tertiary education. Other issues relating to ESP will also be considered such as what exactly ESP means, main characteristics of ESP courses, their teachers and students. This paper will also include analysis of actions that need to be taken in the evaluation of ESP materials as suggested by various authors on the subject. There will be an example of the specific requirements of teaching materials in Maritime English and their evaluation. The aim is to give an overview of theoretical perspectives and methodologies for the evaluation of teaching materials and to encourage ESP teachers to design evaluation techniques for their type of ESP course.
Multiple neurons encode CrebB dependent appetitive long-term memory in the mushroom body circuit
Authors: Widmer Yves F , Fritsch Cornelia , Jungo Magali M , Almeida Silvia , Egger Boris , Sprecher Simon G
Published: October 2018

Lasting changes in gene expression are critical for the formation of long-term memories (LTMs), depending on the conserved CrebB transcriptional activator. While requirement of distinct neurons in defined circuits for different learning and memory phases have been studied in detail, only little is known regarding the gene regulatory changes that occur within these neurons. We here use the fruit fly as powerful model system to study the neural circuits of CrebB-dependent appetitive olfactory LTM. We edited the CrebB locus to create a GFP-tagged CrebB conditional knockout allele, allowing us to generate mutant, post-mitotic neurons with high spatial and temporal precision. Investigating CrebB-dependence within the mushroom body (MB) circuit we show that MB α/β and α’/β’ neurons as well as MBON α3, but not in dopaminergic neurons require CrebB for LTM. Thus, transcriptional memory traces occur in different neurons within the same neural circuit.
Kafe sebagai Gaya Hidup Masyarakat Konsumerisme (Studi Kasus pada Starbucks)
Authors: Melkisedek Mendy Hosiana
Published: October 2018

Akhir-akhir ini perubahan sosial terjadi pada masyarakat kota besar di Indonesia seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan informasi yang begitu cepat. Pola hidup masyarakat kota besar kian bersifat konsumtif akibat serangkaian iklan televisi atau pun sosial media yang menawarkan berbagai produk yang dimaknai secara simbolik. Pola konsumtif masyarakat kini tak hanya sekedar bertujuan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar atau nilai guna dari produk yang dibeli tetapi lebih pada nilai dan prestise yang didapatkan dengan membeli produk tersebut. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas mengenai perilaku konsumerisme masyarakat kota terhadap kafe ditinjau dari teori konsumerisme dan fetisisme komoditi.
Plant Desiccation Tolerance: A Survival Strategy with Exceptional Prospects for Climate‐Smart Agriculture
Authors: Hilhorst Henk W.M. , Farrant Jill M.
Published: October 2018

Drought is one of the main threats to agriculture worldwide because most of our staple crops are not very tolerant to dehydration stress. Some 135 species of angiosperms, however, are extremely tolerant of severe drought. These so‐called resurrection plants are desiccation tolerant because they can withstand drying to water contents below 0.1 gram water per gram dry weight and remain viable for extended periods of time, similar to most seeds. Indeed, recent research has shown that mechanisms of desiccation tolerance of different species, be it vegetative tissues or seeds, utilise the same basic ingredients, including anti‐oxidants, chaperone proteins, and specific carbohydrates. However, there is species‐specific behaviour, related to habitat, e.g. in cell wall properties and the manner in which photo‐oxidative damage is prevented upon drying. Crop plants produce desiccation‐tolerant seeds and, hence, possess the genomic information required for desiccation tolerance, but this is exclusively expressed in the seeds. Elucidation of the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance may enable the ‘release’ of this characteristic in the leaves, stems, and roots.
Thirty years of research on online learning
Authors: Mayer Richard E.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a personal account of developments in research on online learning over the past 30 years. Research on how to design online instruction represents an example of applying the science of learning to education. It contributes to the science of learning (as exemplified by developments in cognitive load theory, the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and incorporating metacognitive, motivational, and affective aspects of learning), the science of instruction (as exemplified by the continuing development of research‐based principles of instructional design), and the science of assessment (as exemplified by supplementing self‐report surveys and retention tests with multilevel transfer tests, log file data during learning, and cognitive neuroscience measures of cognitive processing during learning). Some recurring themes are that learning is caused by instructional methods rather than instructional media, so research should focus on features that are uniquely afforded by digital learning environments; instructional practice should be grounded in rigorous and systematic research, including value‐added experiments aimed at pinpointing the active ingredients in online instruction; research in online learning should identify boundary conditions under which instructional techniques are most effective; and research in online learning should test and contribute to learning theory.
Effect of Glucose on Liposome–Plasma Protein Interactions: Relevance for the Physiological Response of Clinically Approved Liposomal Formulations
Authors: Palchetti Sara , Digiacomo Luca , Pozzi Daniela , Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Capriotti Anna Laura , Laganà Aldo , Coppola Roberto , Caputo Damiano , Sharifzadeh Mohammad , Mahmoudi Morteza , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: October 2018

Recently, the concept is emerging that the reduced success of nanoparticles in clinical practice is due to the adsorption of the “biomolecular corona (BC),” which alters their biological identity. Apart from protein variations, alterations in the human metabolome may change the BC decoration, which has poorly been addressed so far. Here, glucose is used as a model metabolite and how the interactions between liposomes (as a model nanoparticle) and plasma proteins are influenced by normal and diabetic sugar blood levels is explored. As model liposomes, Doxoves and Onivyde are used that are used for the treatment of breast and metastatic pancreatic cancer, respectively. It is shown that glucose does affect the structure and composition of BC. The biological effects of liposome–BC complexes are investigated in MCF 7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells for Doxoves and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PANC‐1) and insulinoma (INS‐1) cells for Onivyde. In the presence of glucose, the cellular toxicity of liposome–protein complexes and uptake by human monocytic THP1 cell line increases. These results demonstrate that alterations in glucose concentration, and more generally changes in the human metabolome, may play a fundamental role in the biological identity of liposomes and, consequently, on their in vivo physiological readouts including therapeutic efficacy.
Solid‐Solution Effects on the High‐Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Polymer‐Derived (Hf,Ta)C/SiC and (Hf,Ti)C/SiC Ceramic Nanocomposites
Authors: Wen Qingbo , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel
Published: October 2018

In the present study, two concepts to improve the oxidation resistance at high‐temperatures of ceramic nanocomposites consisting of 85–90 vol% SiC, 5–8 vol% group IV metal carbides (i.e., HfC, TaC), and 5–7 vol% carbon are introduced and discussed. First improvement concept relates to the passivation of the samples upon short‐term oxidation at 1400 °C (30 min). This is a critical step, especially with respect to silica formation, which is relatively sluggish at temperatures lower than 1000–1200 °C. Moreover, solid‐solution metal carbides (Hf,Ta)C and (Hf,Ti)C are shown to be clearly more oxidation resistant than the binary HfC and TaC phases. Whereas, the solid‐solution effect contributes to a significant improvement of the short‐term oxidation resistance of the studied nanocomposites, the passivation of the materials prior exposure of high‐temperature oxidation conditions provides a remarkably improved long‐term behavior thereof. Possible mechanisms involved in the oxidation processes of (Hf,Ta)C/SiC and (Hf,Ti)/SiC ceramic nanocomposites are highlighted and critically assessed.
Polymer Self‐Assembled BMSCs with Cancer Tropism and Programmed Homing
Authors: Zhang Shuyi , Liu Yuqing , Derakhshanfar Soroosh , He Wanming , Huang Qiong , Dong Shumin , Rao Jinjun , Luo Gao‐Xing , Zhong Wen , Liao Wangjun , Shi Min , Xing Malcolm
Published: October 2018

Targeted therapy can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment in the field of cancer management. Cellular surface engineering can enhance cell functions via mounting functional molecules onto cellular membranes. A novel amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer (AHP) conjugated with oleic acid (OA) and tumor‐targeted ligand folic acid (FA) is employed. The lipophilic chain can self‐assemble and infuse with the cytomembrane of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with the end of FA left on the outside for targeting. The polymer tailored BMSCs can enhance tumor tropism in gastric cancer. BMSCs are characterized by the low immunogenicity and tumor tropism, which makes them promising targeting carriers. Regarding the integrated advantages of these two vectors, it is demonstrated that the functional amphiphilic AHP‐OA‐FA enhances the tumor tropism of BMSCs. Flow cytometry, standard MTT assay, and wound‐healing assay show that AHP‐OA‐FA has no influence on CD expression, proliferative capacity, and cell motility of BMSCs, respectively. Furthermore, in vitro transwell assay and ex vivo fluorescence image verify that AHP‐OA‐FA enhances tumor tropism of BMSCs compared to BMSCs and AHP‐OA‐Rhodamine B‐BMSCs. Finally, histological analysis demonstrates that AHP‐OA‐FA causes no damage to major organs. The results of this study suggest that living BMSCs self‐assembled with a polymer might be a promising vehicle for targeted delivery to cancer cells.
Microfluidics‐Based Biomaterials and Biodevices
Authors: Dong Ruihua , Liu Yong , Mou Lei , Deng Jinqi , Jiang Xingyu
Published: October 2018

The rapid development of microfluidics technology has promoted new innovations in materials science, particularly by interacting with biological systems, based on precise manipulation of fluids and cells within microscale confinements. This article reviews the latest advances in microfluidics‐based biomaterials and biodevices, highlighting some burgeoning areas such as functional biomaterials, cell manipulations, and flexible biodevices. These areas are interconnected not only in their basic principles, in that they all employ microfluidics to control the makeup and morphology of materials, but also unify at the ultimate goals in human healthcare. The challenges and future development trends in biological application are also presented.
Design of Nanostructured Surfaces Based on Metal NP Precipitation Strategy and their Catalytic Application
Authors: Guarrotxena Nekane , Garrido Leoncio , Quijada‐Garrido Isabel
Published: October 2018

The fabrication of functional surfaces based on arrangements of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is challenging for biomedical, optoelectronic, and catalytic applications. Herein, the fabrication of 3D nanostructured microfibers is reported by the controlled cooperative precipitation of MNPs on electrospun polymer fiber mats, at the critical solution temperature of a thermoresponsive copolymer coating the MNPs surface. To obtain the metallic decorated surfaces, several factors must be taken into consideration, such as the previous functionalization of the metallic nanoparticle surface and the selection of a suitable polymer concentration, pH, and temperature. The results show that the plasmonic properties of the prepared surfaces depend on the solution temperature. Among potential applications, the high specific area of the resulting Au@polymer@fiber nanocomposites is ideal to be exploited for catalytic applications. Thus, the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol has been studied as a model.
Bioinspired Color Change through Guided Reflection
Authors: He Jiaqing , Song Chengyi , Shan Hao , Jiang Yiyue , Zhou Lingye , Tao Peng , Wu Jianbo , Shang Wen , Deng Tao
Published: October 2018

Color change to match background has attracted particular attentions for many civil and military applications. Different from most current efforts in adaptive color change that include active color processing and generation, in this work a new passive color‐change approach without the need of color processing and generation is proposed. Such approach takes inspiration from the biological camouflage systems such as those in the midwater squid Galiteuthis, which use “leaky” fiber‐like cells to guide lights around their eyes for effective camouflage from their upward‐looking predators. In the approach, the bioinspired color‐change system directly takes the reflected light from the background, guides and displays it around the surface of the target. This bioinspired color‐change approach is dependent on a waveguide‐based system that includes light receiving, transporting, and display modules. Through the improvement of the efficiency in light collection, guiding, and display, both the experimental studies and computational modeling demonstrate the performance of such approach in the entire visible region with both spectra matching and rapid dynamic response. Through the design of pixelated modules, this new approach also shows good color matching with patterned color background and provides a feasible route to camouflage in a complex natural background.
Polarization Conversion Effect in Biological and Synthetic Photonic Diamond Structures
Authors: Wu Xia , Rodríguez‐Gallegos Fernando L. , Heep Marie‐Christin , Schwind Bertram , Li Guixin , Fabritius Helge‐Otto , von Freymann Georg , Förstner Jens
Published: October 2018

Polarization of light is essential for some living organisms and many optical applications. Here, an orientation dependent polarization conversion effect is reported for light reflected from diamond‐structure‐based photonic crystals (D‐structure) inside the scales of a beetle, the weevil Entimus imperialis. When linearly polarized light propagates along its 〈100〉 directions, the D‐structure behaves analogous to a half‐wave plate in reflection but based on a different mechanism. The D‐structure rotates the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, and reflects circularly polarized light of both handednesses without changing it. This polarization effect is different from circular dichroism occurring in chiral biological photonic structures discovered before. The structural origin of this effect is symmetry breaking inside D‐structure's unit cell. This finding demonstrates that natural photonic structures can exploit multiple functionalities inherent to the design principles of their structural organization. Aiming at transferring the inherent polarization effect of the biological D‐structure to technically realizable materials, three simplified biomimetic structural models are derived and it is theoretically demonstrated that they retain the effect. Out of these structures, functioning woodpile structure prototypes are fabricated.
Design of a Simple and Practical Nanosystem Coordinates Tumor Targeting and Penetration for Improved Theranostics
Authors: Xiang Zhichu , Yang Xiaoliang , Jiang Gexuan , Fan Di , Geng Lingling , Wang Hao , Hu Zhiyuan , Fang Qiaojun
Published: October 2018

A novel amphiphilic peptide PA (APPA) containing two functional motifs is designed to coordinate the targeting to integrin αvβ3 and neuropilin‐1(NRP‐1) on cell membrane. The cooperation of the two motifs fulfills the penetration of APPA‐based nanosystem deep into tumor tissue and accumulates there. The APPA can be easily synthesized and self‐assembled into spherical nanoparticles in the presence of doxorubicin (DOX) (PAD), or can be used for construction of fluorescent nanoprobe in the presence of DiR (PA‐DiR). In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the self‐assembled PAD and PA‐DiR nanosystems show a surprisingly high affinity for and penetration into αvβ3 and NRP‐1 positive tumors. The PA‐DiR nanoprobe can be specifically recruited to 4T1 xenograft tumors. The signal of PA‐DiR enriched in the tumor was more than 10 times higher than that of the negative control PC‐DiR. The high affinity and specificity of the PA‐DiR nanoprobe in in vivo fluorescence imaging, the profound therapeutic efficacy of PAD nanosystem in solid tumor models, and the low toxicity of APPA‐based nanosystem demonstrate the great potential of this well‐designed and simple nanosystem for application in the diagnosis and therapy of αvβ3 and NRP‐1 positive tumors, with minimal side effects.
Thionine Functionalized 3D Graphene Aerogel: Combining Simplicity and Efficiency in Fabrication of a Metal‐Free Redox Supercapacitor
Authors: Shabangoli Yasin , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , El‐Kady Maher F. , Noori Abolhassan , Mousavi Mir F. , Kaner Richard B.
Published: October 2018

Discovering efficient pseudocapacitive charge storage materials has become one of the grand challenges to reduce the gap between high energy density batteries and high power density and durable electrical double‐layer capacitors. This research direction is facilitated by the introduction of redox‐active species that add Faradaic charge storage to the system. However, the astonishing abilities of organic redox species to increase energy density are insufficient to compensate for their poor electrical conductivity and inferior cyclability. Herein, it is proposed that these challenges can be simultaneously met by thoughtful selection of a redox species, thionine, that can be conjugated to a 3D graphene aerogel as a substrate via π–π interactions. The as‐fabricated metal‐free symmetric device exhibits a very high specific capacitance of 384 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the device shows an ultrawide potential window of 2.0 V in pH‐neutral aqueous electrolytes and delivers a maximum specific energy of 32.6 Wh kg−1, specific power of up to 12.8 kW kg−1, outstanding flexibility, and an excellent capacitance retention of 91% after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This device design provides an effective strategy to fabricate high‐performance aqueous supercapacitors and facilitates progress toward a sustainable energy future.
Configuration Interaction and Many‐Body Perturbation Theory: Application to Scandium, Titanium, and Iodine
Authors: Imanbaeva Raykhan T. , Kozlov Mikhail G.
Published: October 2018

A number of atoms and ions with complex valence configurations are considered as candidates for atomic clocks with high sensitivity to the possible variation of the fine‐structure constant. Present level of the theory is not sufficient to predict frequencies of the clock transitions with accuracy, required for the experiment. Here an approach is tested, where the second‐order perturbation theory is used to iteratively saturate configuration space for valence electrons. On the examples of scandium, titanium, and iodine, it is demonstrated that this improves the efficiency of the CI+MBPT method for systems with strong configuration interaction and/or more than three valence electrons.
Magnetic Phase Diagram of the Triangular Antiferromagnetic Cs2CuCl4−xBrx Mixed System
Authors: van Well Natalija , Zaharko Oksana , Delley Bernard , Skoulatos Markos , Georgii Robert , van Smaalen Sander , Rüegg Christian
Published: October 2018

The novel magnetic phase diagram of the Cs2CuCl4−xBrx mixed system is established by means of single crystal neutron diffraction in the lowest temperature region and zero magnetic field. Two long‐range ordered magnetic phases exist in this mixed system depending on the Cl/Br concentration. In the rich Cl concentration range, the ordered magnetic state occurs below the ordering temperature TN = 0.51(1) K for Cs2CuCl3Br1 and at Cs2CuCl2.6Br1.4 below TN = 0.24(2) K. Magnetic order with a temperature‐independent position (0, 0.573(1), 0) below the ordering temperature TN = 0.63(1) K appears in the rich Br concentration for Cs2CuCl0.6Br3.4. Between the rich Cl and rich Br concentration ranges (two magnetic phases), there is a range of x without magnetic order down to 50 mK. A suggestion about the magnetic exchange paths in the bc‐layer for different regimes is presented, which can be controlled depending on the preferred Br occupation in the [CuX4] tetrahedra. The density functional theory calculations of the exchange coupling constants J, J′ for some ordered compositions of the mixed system Cs2CuCl4−xBrx indicate that these are not frustrated.
Array‐basierte Sensorik mit der “chemischen Nase” in der Diagnostik und Wirkstoffentdeckung
Authors: Geng Yingying , Peveler William J. , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: October 2018

Array‐basierte Sensorplattformen – “Chemische Nasen/Zungen” – sind inspiriert vom olfaktorischen System von Säugetieren. Multiple Sensorelemente in diesen Geräten interagieren selektiv mit Zielanalyten und produzieren dabei ein spezifisches Antwortmuster, wodurch sie die Identifikation von Analyten ermöglichen. Dieser Ansatz bietet einzigartige Möglichkeiten im Vergleich mit “traditionellen”, hoch‐spezifischen Sensorelementen, z. B. Antikörpern. Array‐basierte Sensoren sind herausragend, wenn es um die Identifikation kleiner Veränderungen in komplexen Mischungen geht, und ebendiese Fähigkeit wird nun in der chemischen Biologie und klinischen Pathologie genutzt, ermöglicht durch ein vielfältiges Instrumentarium neuer Molekular‐, Biokonjugat‐ und Nanomaterial‐Techniken. Innovationen beim Design und der Analyse der Arrays stellen ein robustes Instrumentarium für moderne biomedizinische Zielsetzungen, einschließlich der Präzisionsmedizin, zur Verfügung.
Growth Rate of Pressure‐Induced Triolein Crystals
Authors: Roßbach André , Bahr Leo A. , Gäbel Sebastian , Braeuer Andreas S. , Wierschem Andreas
Published: October 2018

In pressure‐induced crystal growth of triolein from melt at pressures up to 300 MPa and at temperatures between 283.16 and 293.16 K, we can distinguish three different crystal morphologies. Raman spectroscopy indicates that they are related to different polymorphic structures. Switching from the most stable to a less‐stable structure implies a jump in the growth rate to a maximum value. As pressure increases, the growth rate decreases indicating that the growth is transport limited. Measurements at different temperatures show that the growth rate is mainly governed by pressure. In a certain parameter range, we observe cross‐nucleation to crystals with a higher growth rate. These crystals have a Raman fingerprint not yet described in the literature.
Study on epoxy modification of HVBR and damping performance of EHVBR/hindered phenol hybrids
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhao Xuan , Li Peipei , Wang Zhaobo , Hua Jing
Published: October 2018

In this study, epoxidized high vinyl polybutadiene rubber (EHVBR) was prepared by the epoxidation reaction of high vinyl polybutadiene rubber (HVBR) in toluene using peroxyacetic acid as oxidant. The effects of reaction temperature and peroxyacetic acid concentration on the epoxidation degree of EHVBR were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the damping properties of organic hybrids consisting of EHVBR and different contents of hindered phenols tetrakis [methylene‐3‐(3‐5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] methane (AO‐60) and 3,9‐bis[1,1‐dimethyl‐2{β‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionyloxy} ethyl]‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane (AO‐80) were explored by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FTIR and NMR analyses indicated that the epoxidation occurred on the C=C double bonds of HVBR molecular chains and the epoxidation degree of EHVBR could be adjusted from 5 to 65% through control of the reaction temperature and peroxyacetic acid concentration. DMA and physical mechanical measurements indicated that the introduction of AO‐60 and AO‐80 could simultaneously improve the damping properties and mechanical properties of the EHVBR/AO‐60 and EHVBR/AO‐80 hybrids. The blending ratios of EHVBR/AO‐60 = 100/60 and EHVBR/AO‐80 = 100/60 showed better damping properties and the effective damping temperature ranges were extended from 13.1 to 52.3 °C and from 16.1 to 54 °C, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47196.
Development of an organotypic stem cell model for the study of human embryonic palatal fusion
Authors: Wolf Cynthia J. , Belair David G. , Becker Carrie M. , Das Kaberi P. , Schmid Judith E. , Abbott Barbara D.
Published: October 2018

Background

Cleft palate (CP) is a common birth defect, occurring in an estimated 1 in 1,000 births worldwide. The secondary palate is formed by paired palatal shelves, consisting of a mesenchymal core with an outer layer of epithelial cells that grow toward each other, attach, and fuse. One of the mechanisms that can cause CP is failure of fusion, that is, failure to remove the epithelial seam between the palatal shelves to allow the mesenchyme confluence. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in palate growth and differentiation, while it may impede fusion.

Methods

We developed a 3D organotypic model using human mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells to mimic human embryonic palatal shelves, and tested the effects of human EGF (hEGF) on proliferation and fusion. Spheroids were generated from human umbilical‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) directed down an osteogenic lineage. Heterotypic spheroids, or organoids, were constructed by coating hMSC spheroids with extracellular matrix solution followed by a layer of human progenitor epithelial keratinocytes (hPEKs). Organoids were incubated in co‐culture medium with or without hEGF and assessed for cell proliferation and time to fusion.

Results

Osteogenic differentiation in hMSC spheroids was highest by Day 13. hEGF delayed fusion of organoids after 12 and 18 hr of contact. hEGF increased proliferation in organoids at 4 ng/ml, and proliferation was detected in hPEKs alone.

Conclusion

Our results show that this model of human palatal fusion appropriately mimics the morphology of the developing human palate and responds to hEGF as expected.
Compact Conjugated Polymer Dots with Covalently Incorporated Metalloporphyrins for Hypoxia Bioimaging
Authors: Fang Xiaofeng , Ju Bo , Liu Zhihe , Wang Fei , Xi Guan , Sun Zezhou , Chen Haobin , Sui Changxiang , Wang Mingxue , Wu Changfeng
Published: October 2018

Hypoxia is closely related to multiple diseases, especially in tumors, which increases the aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells. Precise hypoxia imaging is of great significance for cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic effects. A kind of hydrophobic polymer (i.e., PFPtTFPP) as an imaging probe for hypoxia with fluorene as an energy donor and an oxygen‐sensitive PtII porphyrin as an energy acceptor was developed. Compact polymer dots (Pdots) with a small size were prepared by nanoprecipitation. The PFPtTFPP Pdots showed excellent hypoxia sensing in solution with high sensitivity and full reversibility. The emission intensity, quantum yields, lifetime, and single‐particle brightness significantly increased under hypoxia conditions. Remarkably, hypoxia imaging in vitro and in vivo was realized, and a clear increase in brightness was observed under hypoxia conditions and in the tumor area. Excellent hypoxia imaging ability is beneficial to potential applications in cancer diagnosis.
Enhanced Binding Affinity of siRNA Overhang‐Binding Fluorescent Probes by Conjugation with Cationic Oligopeptides for Improved Analysis of the siRNA Delivery Process
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Kaneko Mitsumasa , Sato Takaya , Nakata Saki , Takahashi Yuki , Nishizawa Seiichi
Published: October 2018

Carrier‐mediated delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into the living cells is important for the realization of siRNA therapeutics that can silence target genes through RNA interference. We recently proposed a new strategy for analyzing the siRNA delivery process based on affinity labeling with a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)‐based fluorescent probe (PyAATO; Py: pyrene, A: adenine; TO: thiazole orange) capable of selectively binding to the overhanging structures of siRNAs. We have prepared new probes with improved binding affinity by conjugation with a cationic oligopeptide. The probe, carrying six lysine residues (PyAATO‐Lys6 (Lys6)), displayed a 39‐fold increase in affinity, compared with that of the parent probe containing no oligopeptides. Thermodynamic characterization revealed that enhanced affinity resulted from the favorable polyelectrolyte effect, due to the electrostatic interaction between lysine residues and phosphate anions of the RNA duplexes near the overhanging structure. Lys6 showed the improved imaging ability of the carrier‐mediated siRNA delivery process in living cells, in which 20 nm siRNA could be analyzed and was considered to show the minimal off‐target effects.
One‐year clinical performance of ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the RAI registry
Authors: Moscarella Elisabetta , Ielasi Alfonso , Varricchio Attilio , Cortese Bernardo , Loi Bruno , Tarantini Giuseppe , Pisano Francesco , Durante Alessandro , Pasquetto Giampaolo , Colombo Alessandro , Tumminello Gabriele , Moretti Luciano , Calabrò Paolo , Mazzarotto Pietro , Tespili Maurizio , Silva Orrego Pedro , Corrado Donatella , Steffenino Giuseppe ,   on Behalf of the RAI Investigators
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To report 1‐year clinical outcomes of bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) population.

Background

BVS use has rapidly extended to high‐risk patients as those presenting with ACS. To date limited data have been reported on BVS performance in ACS patients.

Methods

RAI is a multicenter, prospective registry that included 1,505 patients treated with at least 1 successful BVS implantation. A subgroup analysis on ACS patients was performed and the 1‐year outcomes of this cohort compared to the remaining stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) population are reported here. Coprimary endpoints were target‐lesion revascularization (TLR) and scaffold thrombosis (ScT) at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

Fifty‐nine percent of the patients presented with ACS, of whom 36.5% with ST‐elevation myocardial infarctions. ACS patients were significantly younger, with a better cardiovascular risk profile, a lower rate of multivessel disease, chronic total occlusion or in‐stent restenosis and a lower Syntax score. Predilation and postdilation were performed in 97.4% and in 96.5% of cases, respectively. No differences were noted in terms of TIMI 3 final flow, but acute gain was greater in ACS compared to SCAD group (P < 0.001). At one‐year follow‐up no differences were found in terms of TLR (3.3% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.98), and device‐oriented composite end‐point (4.3% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.4) between ACS and SCAD groups. The rate of definite/probable ScT was numerically higher in ACS vs. stable CAD patients (1.3% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.2).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the use of BVS in ACS patients is associated with a numerically higher rate of ScT compared to SCAD population numerically higher, but without statistical significance.
Open fan sign: An ultrasound finding suggesting postpartum intrauterine forgotten gauze
Authors: Wang Liangcheng , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Horiuchi Isao , Ariga Haruko , Imai Ken , Ko Hiroyoshi , Kimura Azusa , Chikazawa Kenro , Oide Shiho , Takagi Kenjiro
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Gauze counting is regarded as the most essential way to prevent forgotten gauze inside the body during any surgery. However, incident may still occur due to artificial mistake. An open fan sign on ultrasonography may indicate a gauze left in the intrauterine cavity.
Honeycomb‐Paperboard Glass Composite Beams
Authors: Lübke Julia , Wettlaufer Marius , Kiziltoprak Nihat , Drass Michael , Schneider Jens , Knaack Ulrich
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with a feasibility study of honeycomb‐paperboard glass composite beams for use in construction and façade construction. Based on a literature review of sandwich constructions, a basic concept for paper‐glass composite girders is presented. They are the first experimental and numerical investigations to confirm the potential for the novel combination of paper and glass as a composite material.
The CEN‐TS “Structural Glass – Design and Construction Rules” as pre‐standard for the Eurocode
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Di Biase Pietro
Published: October 2018

The paper informs about the current European standardization work on the CEN/TC 250/SC11 “Structural Glass” with regard to glass components relevant to the building authorities. In addition to the agreed procedure on European basis, the most important issues of structure and design approaches of the future Eurocode are presented.
Comparison of LSG‐design according to German and European Standards
Authors: Siebert Geralt , Botz Martin , Kraus Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Recently the German standard for design of glass structures DIN 18008 [1] was revised; an updated version [2] was published as draft version by May 2018. On European level, the two codes EN16612 [3] and EN16613 [4] for design of “infill‐panels” have been published after long period of working on it. The work on Eurocode for Glass is not finished yet, but first ideas do exist. In this paper, the design of Laminated Safety Glass (LSG) according to German design standard DIN 18008 (2010 and 2018) and the European EN16612 with EN16613 (2017) will be compared. As German design standard does not allow using the effect of shear transfer, the application of National Technical Approvals (“allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung”) together with DIN 18008 for taking shear transfer of interlayer into consideration will be looked at. In the first part, design equations are reviewed, including different values of used material parameters, simplified formulas and safety factors. As the different approaches and assumptions do not make a comparison easy, several examples are calculated to be able to illustrate the differences showing calculation results. In addition, restrictions of different codes are explained. Finally, a link to actual research work on the field of characterizing interlayer materials is made.
Studies on glass facades morphologies
Authors: Brzezicki Marcin
Published: October 2018

The wealth of geometrical variations of glass facades calls for a thorough study of glass facade morphology. The term ‘morphology’, which is typically associated with biological sciences, is also commonly used in urban and architectural design to describe the appearance and physical structure of the building's volume and its envelope. In many cases the morphology of the façade is closely related to its physiology, i.e. the manner in the facade works (e.g. a layered construction resulting from ventilation requirements), while in other cases, the form of the façade functions strictly as aesthetic expression. The presented brief study of façade morphology investigates the effects of two and three dimensional transformations made to a planar surface and the resulting complexity of façade variants. On the highest level the facades are grouped according to the geometrical modification of the original planar façade: (i) its spatial deformations which preserve the continuity of the surface (single or double curved continuous surfaces) or (ii) segmented iterations which break the continuity of the surface (serrated, folded, prismatic, triangulated). Two and three dimensional spatial deformations as well as iterations such as: translation, rotation, division, and multiplication produce a multitude of different solutions, which are grouped in the following table, which illustrates the possible options of façade geometry.
Fixed sunshade device for overhead glazing
Authors: Kleineher Daniel
Published: October 2018

Gist of the lecture is a fixed solar protection system for overhead glazing consisting of intersecting lamellae that form a grid structure. The structure is optimized to the geographical location and the installation situation. The maintenance‐free system provides efficient sun protection combined with glare‐free daylighting and free view outwards. After a short introduction to the problem and a small insight into the history, the efficient operation of the sun protection grid is explained. The various applications in the macro, midi, micro and nano‐range are shown. The micro region is most extensively explored at this time. This involves the use of optimized grid structure in the pane interspace (SZR) of insulating glass. The form‐finding and the necessary parameters are explained. A selection of different grid structures is researched. Experimental measurements on prototypes include radiation‐physical characteristics as well as the g‐value measurements in a calorimeter. The results of these studies will be analyzed and transferred to simplified calculation methods. The analysis provides a broad image of the operation of the different geometries and the potential of this sun protection system. The work shows that the fixed sunscreen grid system represents a sustainable solution in the field of glass roofs. The presented system is trademark protected in Germany and patent pending. The author seeks to develop the solar shading system further to market.
Open BIM – Driving force for a new culture and new possibilities in façade business
Authors: Bühlmeier Timo
Published: October 2018

A digital and integrated design process has been applied over the last decades to build façades with complex geometry. Nevertheless, Open Building Information Modeling (Open BIM), considered as fully integrated digital collaboration in a common data environment (CDE) of all major project stakeholders, was not common practice in the past. Process approaches were mostly “island solutions”, closed, internal, not allowing open data exchange. Latest project requirements and specifications, however, usually require Open BIM environments which are accessible by all project trades and are partly mandatory by state. Those developments are a driving force for a new digital planning process in the building industry. Consequently, the way forward needs to embrace Open BIM. Drivers for implementing an Open BIM solution will be explained; furthermore arising opportunities of the new digital planning processes are shown. Necessary changes within the company's product realization processes (design, management, etc.), the organisation itself, the responsibilities and the affected tools will be highlighted and finally a conclusion is drawn.
Flaws and cracks stability in strengthened glass by residual stress
Authors: Macrelli Guglielmo
Published: October 2018

Strengthened glass is widely used in structural glazing applications in the building and transportation sectors. Surface flaws and cracks are the main glass strength limiting factors. In this theoretical study both thermally (TSG) and chemically (CSG) strengthened glass are considered. A general approach is proposed, based on the calculation of the stress intensity factor (KI) resulting from the superposition of externally applied stresses, both mechanical and thermal, and residual stress introduced in the strengthening processes. In order to represent a severe design condition, an externally applied stress with a maximum tensile component of 50 MPa is introduced. The analysis is performed for soda‐lime glass for immediate breakage condition by comparing the stress intensity factor with the critical factor (KIC) and for time delayed breakage activated by subcritical crack growth by comparing the stress intensity factor with the corresponding threshold value (KIth). The classical parabolic residual stress distribution is employed for thermally strengthened glass while a new approach is proposed for the evaluation of the residual stress profile of chemically strengthened glass. A crack growth stability analysis based on the concept of apparent fracture toughness is performed. The residual stress profiles analysed for thermally and chemically strengthened glass are the typical ones resulting from common technological processes. The crack growth stability for the analysed stress profiles do not match the criteria to be defined as flaws insensitive.
Crack nucleation in hyperelastic adhesive bonds
Authors: Rosendahl Philipp L. , Drass Michael , Schneider Jens , Becker Wilfried
Published: October 2018

Adhesively bonded glass‐to‐metal connections using structural silicone sealants are investigated in the present study of structural failure. Different failure modes are shown to be relevant depending on the geometry of the adhesive. Dilatational failure corresponding to abrupt growth of cavities in the bulk material may occur in heavily constraint applications where triaxial stress states are present. Distortional failure, i.e. failure owing to change in shape, can be observed when the adhesive can deform comparatively unconstrained. It typically originates from notches such as bi‐material points between adherend and adhesive. This work presents (i) a criterion for cavitation failure surfaces of materials with finite porosity such as Dow Corning® TSSA and (ii) an equivalent stretch concept capable of describing distortional bulk material failure surfaces of various rubber‐like materials. It is further shown that (iii) for notch‐induced crack nucleation a coupled stretch and energy criterion must be fulfilled simultaneously. The coupled criterion is capable of predicting size effects observed in tests of ETAG 002 shear specimen bonded using Dow Corning® 993.
Modelling of Adhesive Bonding
Authors: Koschecknick Kai
Published: October 2018

A realistic material model of adhesives is essential for a verification concept for structural adhesive bonds. With the increasing accuracy of the simulation results of a meaningful FE model, it is possible to avoid excessively high safety factors and bonded supporting structures can be measured economically. A comprehensive adhesive model, which was created taking into account experimentally determined material characteristics, makes an important contribution in bringing together research and industry in the development of an innovative joining process.
Glass Sculpture at Dr. George Robert Grasett Park
Authors: Thompson David , Van Bussel Brian , Yao Han , Engelmann Michael
Published: October 2018

The Grasett Park is a glass art sculpture commissioned by the Government of Ireland, to be built in the City of Toronto, to honor the sacrifices made by Dr. George Grasett and his Canadian colleagues to accommodate Irish famine refugees that arrived in Toronto in 1847. The sculpture introduces a series of glass panels positioned like a “house‐of‐cards”, with structural glass panels up to 7 m tall. They generally consist of pair(s) base panels that supports the upper panel(s), all stabilized by rod bracings connected with stainless steel point fixings. Due to the complex geometry and high level of concentrated load, the point fixings are custom designed to allow grout filling within oversized glass holes to minimize additional stress concentration introduced by uneven bearing. Since the localized effects and global effects of stress are not independent, the detailed point fixings are meticulously modelled within a global finite element model. The glass panel is designed based on CGSB 12.20‐M89 and adapts design principles for point fixings introduced in DIN 18008. Typical upper panels are found to be adequate at 3 layers of 10 mm thick fully‐tempered glass, while lower panels are 5 layers of 12 mm. The maximum stress is limited to approximately between 60–80 N/mm2.
Mistral Tower: Value of System Design, Manufacturing and Installation in Cold Bent SSG Units
Authors: Nardini Viviana , Hilcken Jonas
Published: October 2018

In cold‐bent Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG) systems, back‐flipping retention forces and differential displacements imposed to SG joints play a major role in the system design and need to be properly controlled. During last years, investigation on simplified equations to calculate cold bending stress into SG joints and tests to evaluate creeping and relaxation behaviour of Sikasil® structural silicones has allowed to identify where opportunities for systems optimizations are and to clarify that effective cold‐bending solutions cannot be uncoupled from new principles of system design, pre‐manufacturing and installation. The development of Mistral Tower in Izmir offers the chance to evaluate in detail the impact of different design solutions in combination with different production and installation methods and is used to present valuable options for approaching design of cold‐bent units effectively. The use of slim adapter frame bonded to glass units and free to slide into load‐bearing frame represents the basic requirement to limit cold bending effects on SSG joints, while minimizing production efforts. Valuable optimization results can be further achieved if bonding on either pre‐shaped frame or pre‐shaped frame/glass assembly is possible or if cold‐bending stress can be limited in time by a clever production method in controlled conditions. Advanced FE analysis simulating SSG joints by hyperelastic law confirms the influence that cross sectional depth of bonded profile has on stress introduced into SG joints due to cold‐bending.
Behavior of load‐bearing glass at elevated temperature
Authors: Honfi Dániel , Lange David , Kozłowski Marcin , Sjöström Johan , Lenk Peter
Published: October 2018

The use of glass as a structural material has increased in the built environment over the last decades. Despite the large number of research projects and studies, it still poses difficulties in structural design. This particularly applies to the behaviour of glass in fire and under elevated temperatures since the available data on temperature dependent mechanical and thermal properties of glass is still limited. This contribution provides a brief overview of material properties of glass at elevated temperature and elaborates on current requirements for the fire safety included in standards.
Non‐Pairwise Interactions in Parahydrogen Experiments: Nuclear Exchange of Single Protons Enables Bulk Water Hyperpolarization
Authors: Emondts Meike , Schikowski Daniel , Klankermayer Jürgen , Schleker P. Philipp M.
Published: October 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Meike Emondts, Daniel Schikowski, and Prof. Dr. Jürgen Klankermayer (RWTH Aachen University, Germany) as well as by Dr. Philipp Schleker (MPI CEC and FZJ, Germany). The image shows the hyperpolarization of HDO via the new NEPTUN mechanism describing a chemical exchange/metathesis reaction between D2O and parahydrogen. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201800521.