bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African army ants at the forefront of virome surveillance in a remote tropical forest
Authors: Fritz Matthieu , Reggiardo Bérénice , Filloux Denis , Claude Lisa , Fernandez Emmanuel , Mahé Frédéric , Kraberger Simona , Custer Joy M. , Becquart Pierre , Mebaley Telstar Ndong , Kombila Linda Bohou , Lenguiya Léadisaelle H. , Boundenga Larson , Mombo Illich M. , Maganga Gael D. , Niama Fabien R. , Koumba Jean-Sylvain , Ogliastro Mylène , Yvon Michel , Martin Darren P. , Blanc Stéphane , Varsani Arvind , Leroy Eric , Roumagnac Philippe
Published: December 2022

In this study, we used a predator-enabled metagenomics strategy to sample the virome of a remote and difficult-to-access densely forested African tropical region. Specifically, we focused our study on the use of army ants of the genusDorylusthat are obligate collective foragers and group predators that attack and overwhelm a broad array of animal prey. Using 209 army ant samples collected from 29 colonies and the virion-associated nucleic acid-based metagenomics approach, we showed that a broad diversity of bacterial, plant, invertebrate and vertebrate viral sequences were accumulated by army ants: including sequences from 157 different viral genera in 56 viral families. This suggests that using predators and scavengers such as army ants to sample broad swathes of tropical forest viromes can shed light on the composition and the structure of viral populations of these complex and inaccessible ecosystems.
A novel histological staging of hippocampal sclerosis that is evident in grey matter lossin vivo
Authors: Ortega-Cruz Diana , Uceda-Heras Alicia , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Zea-Sevilla María Ascensión , Strange Bryan , Rabano Alberto
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS) is defined by end-stage histological findings, strongly associated with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). We aimed to characterize features of early HS to refine the understanding of its role within combined pathology.

METHODS

We studied 159 brain donations from the multimodal Vallecas Alzheimer’s Center Study. A staging system (0 to IV) was developed to account for HS progression and analyzed in relation to pre-mortem cognitive and MRI data.

RESULTS

Our HS staging system displayed a significant correlation with disease duration, cognitive performance and combined neuropathologies, especially with LATE. Two-level assessment along the hippocampal longitudinal axis revealed an anterior-posterior gradient of HS severity.In vivoMRI showed focally reduced hippocampal grey matter density as a function of HS staging.

DISCUSSION

The association of this staging system with clinical progression and structural differences supports its utility in the characterization and potentialin vivomonitoring of HS.
Transcription factor clusters enable target search but do not contribute to target gene activation
Authors: Meeussen Joseph V.W. , Pomp Wim , Brouwer Ineke , de Jonge Wim J. , Patel Heta P. , Lenstra Tineke L.
Published: December 2022

Many transcription factors (TFs) localize in nuclear clusters of locally increased concentrations, but how TF clustering is regulated and how it influences gene expression is not well understood. Here, we use quantitative microscopy in living cells to study the regulation and function of clustering of the budding yeast TF Gal4 in its endogenous context. Our results show that Gal4 cluster formation is facilitated by, but does not completely depend on DNA binding and intrinsically disordered regions. Gal4 cluster properties are regulated by the Gal4-inhibitor Gal80 and Gal4 concentration. Moreover, we discover that clustering acts as a double-edged sword: self-interactions aid TF recruitment to target genes, but recruited Gal4 molecules that are not DNA-bound do not contribute to, and may even inhibit, transcription activation. We propose that cells need to balance the different effects of TF clustering on target search and transcription activation to facilitate proper gene expression.
Dynamics of lipidome in a colon simulator
Authors: Kråkström Matilda , Dickens Alex M. , Alves Marina Amaral , Forssten Sofia D. , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Orešič Matej , Lamichhane Santosh
Published: December 2022

Current evidence suggests that gut microbiome derived lipids play crucial role in the regulation of host lipid metabolism. However, not much is known about the dynamics of gut microbial lipids within the distinct gut biogeographic. Here we employed targeted and untargeted lipidomics in thein vitroderived feces. Simulated intestinal chyme was collected fromin vitrogut vessels (V1–V4), representing proximal to distal parts of the colon after 24 and 48 h with/without PDX treatment. In total 44 simulated chyme samples were collected from thein vitrocolon simulator. Factor analysis showed that vessel and time had the strongest impact on the simulated intestinal chyme lipid profiles. We found that levels of phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, triacylglycerols and endocannabinoids were altered in at least one vessel (V1–V4) during simulation. We also found that concentrations of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and endocannabinoids changed with time (24 vs. 48 h simulation). Together, we found that the simulated intestinal chyme revealed a wide range of lipids that remained altered in different compartments of the human colon model over time.
Diverse beta burst waveform motifs characterize movement-related cortical dynamics
Authors: Szul Maciej J , Papadopoulos Sotirios , Alavizadeh Sanaz , Daligaut Sébastien , Schwartz Denis , Mattout Jérémie , Bonaiuto James J
Published: December 2022

Classical analyses of induced, frequency-specific neural activity typically average bandlimited power over trials. More recently, it has become widely appreciated that in individual trials, beta band activity occurs as transient bursts rather than amplitude-modulated oscillations. Most studies of beta bursts treat them as unitary, and having a stereotyped waveform. However, we show there is a wide diversity of burst shapes. Using a biophysical model of burst generation, we demonstrate that waveform variability is predicted by variability in the synaptic drives that generate beta bursts. We then use a novel, adaptive burst detection algorithm to identify bursts from human MEG sensor data recorded during a joystick-based reaching task, and apply principal component analysis to burst waveforms to define a set of dimensions, or motifs, that best explain waveform variance. Finally, we show that bursts with a particular range of waveform motifs, ones not fully accounted for by the biophysical model, differentially contribute to movement-related beta dynamics. Sensorimotor beta bursts are therefore not homogeneous events and likely reflect distinct computational processes.
A subcortical origin for rapid, target-oriented corticospinal excitability modulation during visually guided reaching
Authors: Divakar Rechu , Loeb Gerald E. , Corneil Brian D. , Wallis Guy , Carroll Timothy J.
Published: December 2022

During visually guided reaching, proximal limb muscles can be activated within 80 ms of target appearance. Such “express” visuomotor responses are temporally aligned with target appearance rather than movement onset, and invariably tuned towards the direction of the visual target regardless of the instructed reach direction. These features prompt the hypothesis that express visuomotor responses are driven by a subcortical pathway. We tested this by measuring the changes in Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) size following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) or Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) of the motor cortex, as participants reached either towards or away from visual targets. We found that 70-80 ms after target presentation, MEPs in a primary shoulder flexor muscle (pectoralis major) were oriented towards the target direction regardless of whether the participant subsequently reached towards or away from the target. Similar target-oriented MEP modulations occurred in posterior deltoid and biceps brachii muscles, whereas MEPs in a finger muscle were affected neither by target nor reach direction. Critically, there were no significant differences in modulation of responses to TMS versus TES across all reaching conditions, which suggests that the target-oriented modulation occurs downstream of the motor cortex output neurons. Combined, our results are consistent with a subcortical rather than cortical origin for the earliest changes in corticospinal excitability following visual target onset. A prime candidate for such subcortical modulation includes the superior colliculus and reticular formation.
Atmospheric hydrogen oxidation extends to the domain archaea
Authors: Leung Pok Man , Grinter Rhys , Tudor-Matthew Eve , Jimenez Luis , Lee Han , Milton Michael , Hanchapola Iresha , Tanuwidjaya Erwin , Peach Hanna A. , Carere Carlo R. , Stott Matthew B. , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Greening Chris
Published: December 2022

Diverse aerobic bacteria use atmospheric hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as energy sources to support growth and survival. Though recently discovered, trace gas oxidation is now recognised as a globally significant process that serves as the main sink in the biogeochemical H2cycle and sustains microbial biodiversity in oligotrophic ecosystems. While trace gas oxidation has been reported in nine phyla of bacteria, it was not known whether archaea also use atmospheric H2. Here we show that a thermoacidophilic archaeon,Acidianus brierleyi(Thermoproteota), constitutively consumes H2and CO to sub-atmospheric levels. Oxidation occurred during both growth and survival across a wide range of temperatures (10 to 70°C). Genomic analysis demonstrated thatA. brierleyiencodes a canonical carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and, unexpectedly, four distinct [NiFe]-hydrogenases from subgroups not known to mediate aerobic H2uptake. Quantitative proteomic analyses showed thatA. brierleyidifferentially produced these enzymes in response to electron donor and acceptor availability. A previously unidentified group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenase, with a unique genetic arrangement, is constitutively expressed and upregulated during stationary phase and aerobic hydrogenotrophic growth. Another archaeon,Metallosphaera sedula, was also found to oxidize atmospheric H2. These results suggest that trace gas oxidation is a common trait of aerobic archaea, which likely plays a role in their survival and niche expansion, including during dispersal through temperate environments. These findings also demonstrate that atmospheric H2consumption is a cross-domain phenomenon, suggesting an ancient origin of this trait, and identify previously unknown microbial and enzymatic sinks of atmospheric H2and CO.
Apolipoprotein E intersects with amyloid-β within neurons
Authors: Konings Sabine C , Nyberg Emma , Martinsson Isak , Torres-Garcia Laura , Almeida Claudia Guimas , Gouras Gunnar K
Published: December 2022

Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the earliest changes in AD is endosomal enlargement in neurons, which was reported as enhanced in ApoE4 carriers. ApoE is thought to be internalized into endosomes of neurons, while β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates within neuronal endosomes early in AD. However, it remains unknown whether ApoE and Aβ intersect intracellularly. We show that internalized astrocytic ApoE localizes mostly to lysosomes in neuroblastoma cells and astrocytes, while in neurons it preferentially localizes to endosomes-autophagosomes of neurites. In AD transgenic neurons, astrocyte-derived ApoE intersects intracellularly with amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Aβ. Moreover, ApoE4 increases the levels of endogenous and internalized Aβ42in neurons. Taken together, we demonstrate differential localization of ApoE in neurons, astrocytes and neuron-like cells, and show that internalized ApoE intersects with APP/Aβ in neurons, which may be of considerable relevance to AD.
Intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor as a model of temporomandibular disorder: nature, time-course, and sex differences characterising the pain experience
Authors: Schabrun SM , Si E , Millard SK , Chiang AKI , Chen S , Chowdhury NS , Seminowicz DA
Published: December 2022

Background

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition that frequently transitions to chronic symptoms. Experimental pain models that mimic the symptoms of clinical TMD may be useful in understanding the mechanisms, and sex differences, present in this disorder. Here we aimed to comprehensively characterise the nature and time-course of pain, functional impairment and hyperalgesia induced by repeated intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the masseter muscle, and to investigate sex differences in the NGF-induced pain experience.

Methods

94 healthy individuals participated in a longitudinal observational study with 30-day follow-up. NGF was injected into the right masseter muscle on Day 0 and Day 2. Participants attended laboratory sessions to assess pain (Numerical Rating Scale; NRS), functional limitation (mouth opening distance, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale; JFLS) and mechanical sensitization (pressure pain thresholds; PPTs) on Days 0, 2 and 5 and completed twice daily electronic pain dairies from Day 0 to day 30.

Results

Peak pain averaged 2.0/10 (95 % CI: 1.6-2.4) at rest and 4.3/10 (95 % CI: 3.9-4.8) on chewing. Pain-free mouth opening distance reduced from 5.0 cm (95 % CI: 4.8-5.1 cm) on Day 0 to 3.7 cm (95 % CI: 3.5-3.9 cm) on Day 5. The greatest reduction in PPTs was observed over the masseter muscle. Females experienced higher pain, greater functional impairment, and greater sensitivity to mechanical stimuli than males.

Conclusion

Intramuscular injection of NGF is a useful model with which to explore the mechanisms, and sex differences, present in clinical TMD.
Antibiotic resistance genes in sewages from hospitals and the urban setting in a Peruvian city in the highlands
Authors: Poterico Julio A. , Jaramillo-Valverde Luis , Pablo-Ramirez Nelis , Roa-Linares Vicky , Martinez-Jaramillo Catalina , Alvites-Arrieta Sandra , Ubillus Milward , Palma-Lozano Diana , Castrejon-Cabanillas Rony , Davison Samuel , Gomez A. , Guio Heinner
Published: December 2022

Background

The establishment of metagenomics seems a suitable approach to assess the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG)

Methods

Metagenomics study in a Peruvian city from the highlands, where samples were derived from sewage waters from two hospitals and the urban setting. DNA extraction was performed in 250 mL and then 16S rRNA gene amplification and shotgun sequencing were carried out. The bioinformatics pipeline was performed following recommendations for metagenomics analysis. Alpha diversity was evaluated with the Shannon and Simpson’s indices; whereas beta diversity was evaluated through the Bray-Curtis index, and using the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to explore and visualize the differences.

Results

We found a high abundance of bacteria related to resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. The urban sample did not differ significantly from the wastewater ARG presence from the hospitals in Huanuco.

Conclusion

Metagenomics analysis through sewage strategies seems to help to monitor the AMR to establish local public health policies, especially in cities or countries with limited resources to establish large projects conceiving the One Health approach.
Single-cell dynamics of core pluripotency factors in human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Mihailovic Sonja , Wolff Samuel C. , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Smiddy Nicole M. , Redick Margaret A. , Wang Yuli , Lin Guang Ken , Zikry Tarek M. , Simon Jeremy , Ptacek Travis , Allbritton Nancy L. , Beltran Adriana S. , Purvis Jeremy E.
Published: December 2022

The human transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG form a core signaling network critical for maintaining stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal potential. The spatiotemporal expression dynamics of these pluripotency factors throughout differentiation is unclear, limiting our understanding of stem cell fate decisions. Here, we combined CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing with microraft array technology to generate human embryonic stem cell lines with endogenously tagged fluorophores for OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. Fluorescence time-lapse imaging revealed that pluripotent stem cells show gastrulation-like patterning without direct chemical induction. Directed differentiation to the three primary germ layers—endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm—revealed distinct spatiotemporal patterns of SOX2 and NANOG expression in single cells. Finally, we captured dynamic changes in cell morphology during ectoderm differentiation corresponding to the formation of neural rosettes. This study provides a robust method for generating live-cell reporters in human stem cells and describes the single-cell dynamics of human pluripotency factors during differentiation.
A metabolite sensor subunit of the Atg1/ULK complex regulates selective autophagy
Authors: Gross A.S. , Ghillebert R. , Schuetter M. , Reinartz E. , Rowland A. , Graef M.
Published: December 2022

Cells convert complex metabolic information into stress-adapted autophagy responses. Canonically, multilayered protein kinase networks converge on the conserved Atg1/ULK kinase complex (AKC) to induce non-selective and selective forms of autophagy in response to metabolic changes. Here, we show that, upon phosphate starvation, the metabolite sensor Pho81 interacts with the adaptor subunit Atg11 at the AKC via an Atg11/FIP200 interaction motif to modulate pexophagy by virtue of its conserved phospho-metabolite sensing SPX domain. Notably, we find core AKC components Atg13 and Atg17 are dispensable for phosphate starvation-induced autophagy revealing significant compositional and functional plasticity of the AKC. Our data indicate that, instead of functioning as a selective autophagy receptor, Pho81 compensates for partially inactive Atg13 during pexophagy when TORC1 remains active under phosphate starvation. Our work shows Atg11/FIP200 adaptor subunits not only bind selective autophagy receptors but also modulator subunits that convey metabolic information directly to the AKC for autophagy regulation.
Cellular electrical impedance to profile SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors and to assess the fusogenic potential of spike mutants
Authors: Vanhulle Emiel , Doijen Jordi , Stroobants Joren , Provinciael Becky , Noppen Sam , Schols Dominique , Stevaert Annelies , Vermeire Kurt
Published: December 2022

Despite the vaccination campaigns for COVID-19, we still cannot control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, as evidenced by the ongoing circulation of the Omicron variants of concern. This highlights the need for broad-spectrum antivirals to further combat COVID-19 and to be prepared for a new pandemic with a (re-)emerging coronavirus. An interesting target for antiviral drug development is the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes, a crucial early step in the replication cycle of enveloped viruses. In this study, we explored the use of cellular electrical impedance (CEI) to quantitatively monitor morphological changes in real time, resulting from cell-cell fusion elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike. The impedance signal in CEI-quantified cell-cell fusion correlated with the expression level of SARS-CoV-2 spike in transfected HEK293T cells. For antiviral assessment, we validated the CEI assay with the fusion inhibitor EK1 and measured a concentration-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike mediated cell-cell fusion (IC50value of 0.13 μM). In addition, CEI was used to confirm the fusion inhibitory activity of the carbohydrate-binding plant lectin UDA against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50value of 0.55 μM), which complements prior in-house profiling activities. Finally, we explored the utility of CEI in quantifying the fusogenic potential of mutant spike proteins and in comparing the fusion efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In summary, we demonstrate that CEI is a powerful and sensitive technology that can be applied to studying the fusion process of SARS-CoV-2 and to screening and characterizing fusion inhibitors in a label-free and non-invasive manner.

Importance

Despite the success of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, new variants of the virus are still emerging and spreading, underlining the need for additional effective antiviral countermeasures. An interesting antiviral target for enveloped viruses is the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes, a crucial early step in the life cycle of coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a sensitive impedance-based method to monitor in real-time cell-cell fusion elicited by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With this technique we can profile entry inhibitors and determine the inhibitory potential of fusion inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, with cellular electrical impedance we can evaluate the fusogenic properties of new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Overall, the impedance technology adds valuable information on the fusion process of circulating coronaviruses and helps unravel the mode of action of new antivirals, opening new avenues for the development of next generation fusion inhibitors with improved antiviral activity.
Difference in presentation, outcomes, and hospital epidemiologic trend of COVID-19 among first, second, and third waves in Dhaka Medical College
Authors: Mahmud Reaz , Islam Md. Ashikul , Haque Md. Emdadul , Azmal Hussain Md. Dewan , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Monayem Farhana Binte , Kamal Mostofa , Sina Hashmi , Islam Mohammad Fakhrul , Datta Ponkaj Kanti , Sayeed S.K. Jakaria Been , Dhali Sabbir Ahmed , Islam Khairul , Ratul Rifat Hossain , Hossain SK Md. Rubaed , Prince Habib Naziat , Chowdhury Ahmed Hossain , Ahmed Kazi Gias Uddin , Miah Md.Titu , Rahman Md. Mujibur
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to examine the differences in epidemiologic and disease aspects among patients with COVID-19

Methods

We reviewed the hospital records between April 2020 and September 2021 and followed up on the patients for post-COVID complications.

Findings

Older adult patients were predominantly affected during the first and second waves, followed by middle-aged patients. Men were predominantly admitted, considering the three waves; although more women were admitted in the second wave. Cough was more common in the second and third waves than in the first wave 522 (59.7%). Respiratory distress was the most common in the third wave, 251(67.1%), and least common in the first wave 403 (46.1%). Anosmia was more common in the third wave 116 (31.2%). In the third wave, patients presenting in a critical state 23 (6.2%) and severe disease 152 (40.8%) were more common. The hospital admission median (IQR) was longer in the first wave, 12 (8–20), than in other waves. More patients were admitted in the first wave (52%) than in the other waves, and patients received more oxygen in the third wave (75%) than in the other waves. Death occurred more commonly in the first wave (51%) than in the other waves. Patients were investigated more commonly in the first and third waves than in the second wave. The positivity rate was high in the third wave (22.8%) than in other waves. In the third wave, the positivity rate was higher in women (24.3%) than in men. Post-covid cough increased in the second wave and fatigue was higher in the third wave than in other waves. Tiredness and memory loss was greater during the second wave than in other waves.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the presenting symptoms, outcomes, and epidemiologic trends differed during the COVID-19 waves.
Centrifugal filtration of serum for FTIR spectroscopy does not improve stratification of brain tumours
Authors: Theakstone Ashton G. , Brennan Paul M. , Jenkinson Michael D. , Goodacre Royston , Baker Matthew J.
Published: December 2022

Discrimination of brain cancerversusnon-cancer patients using serum-based attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy diagnostics was first developed by Handset al. Cameronet al. then went on to stratifying between specific brain tumour types: glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) vs. primary cerebral lymphoma. Expanding on these studies, 30 GBM, 30 lymphoma and 30 non-cancer patients were selected to investigate the influence on test performance by focusing on specific molecular weight regions of the patient serum. Membrane filters with molecular weight cut offs of 100 kDa, 50 kDa, 30 kDa, 10 kDa and 3 kDa were purchased in order to remove the most abundant high molecular weight components. Three groups were classified using both partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithms; GBMversusnon-cancer, lymphomaversusnon-cancer and GBMversuslymphoma. For all groups, once the serum was filtered the sensitivity, specificity and overall balanced accuracies decreased. This illustrates that the high molecular weight components are required for discrimination between cancer and non-cancer as well as between tumour types. From a clinical application point of view, this is preferable as less sample preparation is required.
How do skilled workers find jobs in India?: an assessment study of employment exchanges in India
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Bagga Navya
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Employment exchanges have been playing a significant role in the worldwide labor market for more than a hundred years now. In India, since 1946, millions of aspiring Indian youths have registered themselves with the government-run employment exchanges to find a job. About four million job seekers got registered at 1,000 employment exchanges in India, it is important to analyze the placement statistics of these exchanges. In recent years, new methods of job search have evolved. This study examines whether employment exchanges are effective in the changed scenario?

Design/methodology/approach

Using state-level employment exchange data for the period 2010–2011 to 2019–2020, this study analyzes the determinants of job placement at employment exchanges in India. A critical analysis of the functioning of employment exchanges along with recommendations to improve the job search ecosystem in India is also presented in the study.

Findings

This study found that increased share of service sector in the state economy negatively impacts placement at employment exchanges.

Research limitations/implications

The absence of focus on the service sector requires policy intervention if Indian employment exchanges are to remain relavant.

Practical implications

The government administration should rethink that ignoring service sector employment potential is unaffordable for an emerging economy and employment exchanges should be aligned accordingly.

Social implications

About 30 million people are unemployed in India. If employment exchanges are transformed, it can have far-reaching socio-economic advantages.

Originality/value

This study is the first sub-country level study on the institution of employment exchanges. This study comprehensively maps the landscape of career services in India. Empirically establishing the impact of sectoral structure of economy on efficacy of employment exchanges, and makes the case for policy intervention that is needed to keep the employment exchanges relevant in India.
Design of humanitarian supply chain system by applying the general two-stage network DEA model
Authors: Hong Jae-Dong
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The recent COVID-19 outbreak and severe natural disasters make the design of the humanitarian supply chain network (HSCN) a crucial strategic issue in a pre-disaster scenario. The HSCN design problem deals with the location/allocation of emergency response facilities (ERFs). This paper aims to propose and demonstrate how to design an efficient HSCN configuration under the risk of ERF disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper considers four performance measures simultaneously for the HSCN design by formulating a weighted goal programming (WGP) model. Solving the WGP model with different weight values assigned to each performance measure generates various HSCN configurations. This paper transforms a single-stage network into a general two-stage network, treating each HSCN configuration as a decision-making unit with two inputs and two outputs. Then a two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is applied to evaluate the HSCN schemes for consistently identifying the most efficient network configurations.

Findings

Among various network configurations generated by the WGP, the single-stage DEA model does not consistently identify the top-ranked HSCN schemes. In contrast, the proposed transformation approach identifies efficient HSCN configurations more consistently than the single-stage DEA model. A case study demonstrates that the proposed transformation method could provide a more robust and consistent evaluation for designing efficient HSCN systems. The proposed approach can be an essential tool for federal and local disaster response officials to plan a strategic design of HSCN.

Originality/value

This study presents how to transform a single-stage process into a two-stage network process to apply the general two-stage network DEA model for evaluating various HSCN configurations. The proposed transformation procedure could be extended for designing some supply chain systems with conflicting performance metrics more effectively and efficiently.
An analysis of the current status of metaverse research based on bibliometrics
Authors: Feng Xin , Wang Xu , Su Ying
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The rise of the metaverse has brought profound changes to the economic and social operation models and injected new vitality into academic research. Although a large number of studies have emerged, there are few quantitative analyses of development frontiers and trends.

Design/methodology/approach

From a bibliometric perspective, this paper selects 183 pieces of metaverse-related literature in the WoS core database since 2000 as the object of analysis. This paper sums up the characteristics of the literature using the methods of descriptive statistical analysis, keywords analysis, thematic evolution analysis and summarizes the core themes and the laws of metaverse development in each stage.

Findings

The digital economy vision brought by the metaverse has led to an increasing number of researchers and achievements in this field. But the depth and breadth of research are still insufficient and unevenly distributed in the region, and the cross-fertilization fields need to be expanded. From the industry's point of view, VR games represented by Second Life and My World have contributed to the popularity of the metaverse. As technology progresses, the research hotspots in the field of metaverse gradually develop from conceptual research to artificial intelligence, blockchain, NFT and other technical applications. However, academic research has not yet caught up with the industry's pace and stays more in the concept discussion and preliminary application stage.

Originality/value

A systematic overview of the current status, knowledge structure and hot issues of metaverse research is shown, which provides a thematic axis for this field, enriches and improves the quantitative analysis of its literature and provides a clear picture for researchers to continuously promote the development of this field. At the same time, it is necessary to warn that technological development is a double-edged sword. The process of metaverse development should return to rationality, respect the laws of its development and guarantee the healthy development of the metaverse by strengthening legal regulation and the ethical review of science and technology.
Trade values in environmental commodities and environment performance: insights from global database
Authors: Ha Le Thanh
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The article is the first attempt to investigate the association between the size of trade values in environmental commodities (TVEC) and environmental quality (EQ).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ two dimensions, including human health’s and ecosystem’s protection, to capture the environmental performance. The six-digit level of the 2007 version of the Harmonized System was used to extract data on commerce in the Combined List of Environmental Goods (CLEG) goods from the UN Comtrade database (HS 2007). The authors apply the formal empirical estimation procedure to a global sample of 28 low-income and lower-middle-income (LI&LMICs) and 19 upper-middle-income (UMICs) and 31 high-income (HICs) during the 2000–2019 period.

Findings

The estimates indicate that the size of TVEC has a favorable impact on QE. The authors find robust results by utilizing various econometric techniques and various measures of TVEC. To shed light on the TVEC-QE nexus, the authors demonstrate the short-run and long-run effects of TVEC on QE and compare the influence of TVEC on QE in the subsamples based on a country’s income level. The results suggest that the TVEC-QE linkage is more likely to exist either in the long-run or high-income economies. Notably, the authors find that the influences of TVEC become more pronounced in a country characterized by a well-developed institutional system.

Practical implications

Governments should develop a more efficient policy framework to improve the relationship between trading activities and environmental performance. There has been a substantial increase in the global demands and requirements for environmental commodities, and the authors also realize the world economy has become greener and fairer. Therefore, it is vital for both developing and developed countries to catch this trend and satisfy the global demands and requirements to survive in foreign markets.

Originality/value

The article is the first attempt to investigate the association between trade values of environmental goods and environmental innovation.
Re(dis)covering the recent: Surveying settlements and society in central Oman from the 17th to the 20th centuries
Authors: Biezeveld Irini
Published: December 2022

Mudbrick settlements are a common sight in central Oman and are often attributed to the Yaʿariba and al‐Busaydī periods. They have been the subject of study of different projects in the past, providing a good basis for understanding the settlements. This paper will review how the mudbrick settlements have been studied since the beginning of this century and discuss approaches for future research. A specific focus of this study is the interpretation and analysis of the material culture of the mudbrick settlements. Previous ceramic studies are analysed and this paper aims to refine the ceramic chronology of the Late Islamic period in central Oman. This outcome provides a first comprehensive study on the ceramics of this time period and region. In doing so, one of the goals is to establish a baseline for future studies on this period so that it can provide a reference for other archaeologists who find similar material and settlements, to re(dis)cover subrecent times in Oman.
Carbon of Chaillu forests based on a phytosociological analysis in Republic of Congo, more than meets the eye?
Authors: van Rooyen Margaretha W. , Miabangana Edmond Sylvestre , Nsongola Gilbert , van Rooyen Noel , Orban Ben , Thomas Alain , Drescher Karsten , Vasicek Gaugris Caroline , Gaugris Jérôme Y.
Published: December 2022

The objectives were to quantify aboveground, belowground and dead wood carbon pools near Mayoko in the Chaillu massif of Republic of Congo and explore relationships between carbon storage and plant diversity of all growth forms. A total of 190 plots (25 m by 25 m) were sampled (5072 stems, 211 species) and data analysed using recommended central‐African forest allometric equations. Mean stem diameter at breast height was 33.6 cm, mean basal area 47.7 m2 ha−1and mean density of individuals 407 ha−1. Mean aboveground carbon (AGC) ranged from 13.93–412.66 Mg C ha−1, belowground carbon from 2.86–96.97 Mg C ha−1and dead wood from 0.00–7.59 Mg C ha−1. The maximum AGC value recorded in a plot was 916 Mg C ha−1. The analysis performed using phytosociological association as basis rather than broad vegetation type is unique. AGC values for undisturbedterra firmeforest sites featured among the highest recorded for African tropical forests. Considering only tree diversity, a weak, yet significant, relationship existed between AGC and species richness, Shannon‐Wiener index of diversity and Fisher's alpha. However, if diversity of all plant growth forms is considered, no relationship between carbon and plant diversity existed.
Let's talk about sexuality – A web‐based survey of self‐reported competence in sexual problems among obstetrician‐gynecologists in Finland
Authors: Aromaa Anna , Kero Katja , Grönlund Jarna , Manninen Sanna‐Mari , Riskumäki Markus , Vahlberg Tero , Polo‐Kantola Päivi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Sexual health is an important aspect of quality of life, yet both healthcare professionals and patients might hesitate to bring up the topic during appointments. Our study investigated obstetrician‐gynecologists' (OB/GYNs') self‐reported competences in discussing and treating sexual problems, as well as the barriers to bringing up the subject. An additional aim was to evaluate the need for continuing education in sexual medicine.

Material and methods

A web‐based questionnaire was sent to the members of The Finnish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 1212). The survey was completed by 328 respondents (275 specialists and 53 OB/GYN residents). Their background information (gender, age, education, occupational status, daily number of patients, and daily number of patients with sexual health issues) was assessed. The questionnaire included four fields: (A) self‐reported competence in discussing and treating patients with sexual problems (three questions), (B) the barriers to bringing up sexual problems with patients (nine questions), (C) the source of education in sexual medicine (two questions), and (D) the need for education in sexual medicine (two questions).

Results

Most of the OB/GYNs self‐reported their competence to be good in discussing sexual problems, but poor in treating patients' sexual problems. The male OB/GYNs reported better competence than did the females. Several barriers were identified—most frequently, “shortness of the appointment time” (76%), “lack of knowledge about sexual medicine” (75%), and “lack of experience with sexual medicine” (74%). Older OB/GYNs and male OB/GYNs reported fewer barriers. The majority of the respondents considered their previous education in sexual medicine to be insufficient, especially in medical school (95%), but also in residency (83%), and they reported a need for additional education.

Conclusions

Our study indicated several barriers that hindered OB/GYNs from assessing sexual problems during appointments. Although OB/GYNs reported a good competence in discussing sexual problems, they reported a poor competence in treating them. Their previous education in sexual medicine was rated as insufficient, and continuing education was desired. The information provided by our study can be used for improving and organizing education in sexual medicine, which is crucial for diminishing the barriers to discussing and treating sexual problems.
Prevalence and prognostic significance of vitamin C deficiency in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hui Samuel , Lim Andy , Koh Elaine , Abasszade Joshua , Morgan Aparna , Tan Pei Y. , Lemoh Christopher , Robertson Marcus
Published: December 2022

Background

Vitamin C is an essential dietary nutrient important for collagen synthesis, including within the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim

We aimed to document the prevalence of Vitamin C deficiency (VCD) in patients who present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and its association with clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients presenting with UGIB. Fasting Vitamin C levels were collected at admission. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of VCD (Vitamin C level <23 μmol/L, severe VCD < 12 μmol/L) and a composite outcome of adverse events, stratified by VCD status. Secondary outcomes were prolonged hospitalisation and the need for ICU admission.

Results

A total of 227 patients were included (mean age 64.5 years, males 63.9%). VCD was identified in 74 (32.6%) and severe deficiency in 32 (14.1%) patients. VCD was associated with a higher composite endpoint of AE (45.9% vs 24.8%, p < 0.01), higher in‐hospital mortality (9.5% vs 1.3%, p < 0.01), increased prolonged admissions (62.2% versus 47.1%, p = 0.03) and increased rebleeding (17.6% vs 7.8%, p = 0.03), compared with patients with normal Vitamin C levels. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that VCD was independently associated with the composite endpoint of AE.

Conclusion

VCD is highly prevalent in patients with UGIB and associated with poorer outcomes, including higher mortality, rebleeding and length of stay. Interventional studies are required to determine the impact of early Vitamin C supplementation on clinical outcomes.
The ethical obligations of institutional investors: Managing moral complexity
Authors: Skirry Jason , Pattit Katherina , Van Buren Harry J.
Published: December 2022

Institutional investors control almost 60% of all assets under management worldwide and encompass a wide variety of organizations. Despite this reach, however, institutional investors have not received the normative scrutiny they merit beyond general discussions around their legally grounded fiduciary obligations to their beneficiaries. This paper offers a discussion of institutional investor ethical obligations in light of their specific attributes. We propose that the different characteristics of institutional investors and the diverse roles they play in the marketplace inform the scope of their activities, and, in turn, the different ways in which their basic ethical obligations can be fulfilled.
Real‐world effectiveness of repeated ketamine infusions for treatment‐resistant bipolar depression
Authors: Fancy Farhan , Rodrigues Nelson B. , Di Vincenzo Joshua D. , Chau Edmond H. , Sethi Rickinder , Husain Muhammad I. , Gill Hartej , Tabassum Aniqa , Mckenzie Andrea , Phan Lee , McIntyre Roger S. , Rosenblat Joshua D.
Published: December 2022

Background

Clinical trials have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects with intravenous (IV) ketamine for major depressive disorder, with relatively less research specifically for bipolar depression. Herein, we describe the real‐world effectiveness of repeated ketamine infusions for treatment‐resistant bipolar depression.

Methods

This study was conducted in a community clinic in Mississauga, Ontario (Canadian Rapid Treatment Centre of Excellence; Braxia Health). In this observational study (NCT04209296), patients with treatment‐resistant bipolar I/II depression (n = 66) received four sub‐anesthetic doses of IV ketamine (0.5–0.75 mg/kg) over a two‐week period. Symptoms of depression, suicidality, anxiety, and functioning were assessed with validated self‐report measures.

Results

Statistically and clinically significant antidepressant effects were observed in the overall sample, as measured by the Quick Inventory for Depression Symptomatology‐Self Report‐16 (QIDS‐SR16) with further reductions in depressive symptoms observed after each subsequent infusion (n = 66; mean QIDS‐SR16 reduction of 6.08+/−1.39; p < 0.0001). Significant reductions of suicidal thoughts (QIDS‐SR16‐Suicide Item) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7) were also observed with functional improvements on the Sheehan Disability Scale (p < 0.0001 on all measures). Moreover, the response rate (QIDS‐SR16 total score decrease ≥50% from baseline) was 35% and remission rate (QIDS‐SR16 total score ≤5) was 20% after four infusions. Infusions were generally well tolerated with treatment‐emergent hypomania observed in only three patients (4.5%) with zero cases of mania or psychosis.

Conclusions

Real‐world effectiveness of IV ketamine for bipolar depression was observed. Repeated doses were associated with greater symptom reduction and adequate tolerability.
Survival of patients with mantle cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: Retrospective binational analysis between 2000 and 2020
Authors: Harmanen Minna , Hujo Mika , Sund Reijo , Sorigue Marc , Khan Madiha , Prusila Roosa , Klaavuniemi Tuula , Kari Esa , Jantunen Esa , Sunela Kaisa , Rajamäki Aino , Alanne Erika , Kuitunen Hanne , Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Jukkola Arja , Rönkä Aino , Kuittinen Outi
Published: December 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare peripheral B‐cell lymphoma characterised by eventual relapse and progression towards a more aggressive disease biology. With the introduction of rituximab‐ and cytarabine‐based immunochemotherapy regimens, the prognosis of the disease has changed dramatically over the last two decades. To assess the real‐world survival of patients with MCL, we used a population‐based cohort of 564 patients with MCL who were diagnosed and treated between 2000 and 2020. Patient data were collected from seven Finnish treatment centres and one Spanish treatment centre. For the entire patient population, we report a 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 77%, a 5‐year OS of 58%, and a 10‐year OS of 32%. The estimated median OS was 80 months after diagnosis. MCL is associated with increased mortality across the entire patient population. Additionally, we assessed the survival of patients after MCL relapse with the aim of establishing a cut‐off point of prognostic significance. Based on our statistical analysis of survival after the first relapse, disease progression within 24 months of the initial diagnosis should be considered as a strong indicator of poor prognosis.
Phenotypes of adults with Fanconi anaemia
Authors: Wang YunZu Michele , Loveless Michaela , Miller Erica , Nelson Adam S. , Mehta Parinda A. , Davies Stella M. , Myers Kasiani C.
Published: December 2022

The long‐term outcomes of adults with Fanconi anaemia (FA) have improved with advances in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and more detailed follow‐up and screening guidelines. The phenotype of those who survive to adulthood may differ from the typical presentation of FA. We collected retrospective clinical data on adults with FA who received their care at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. In our final cohort of 52 patients, there were 29 females and 23 males, with median (range) age of 21 (18–37) years. Overall, 42 patients (81%) were alive at last follow‐up. In all, 36 adults (69%) had undergone HSCT, including eight who had developed myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukaemia. Eight (15%) developed squamous cell carcinoma. Endocrine complications were common, including hypothyroidism (42%), diabetes (10%), low body mass index (31%) and low bone mineral density (51%). The majority of adults with FA were employed (52%) or full‐time students (13%). A significant subset of patients with FA are surviving into adulthood without requiring HSCT. Endocrine abnormalities and the development of solid tumours complicate adulthood. With improved survival outcomes following HSCT and more aggressive malignancy screening protocols, ongoing longitudinal analysis will be important to further characterise this cohort and the phenotype of untransplanted adults with FA.