bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clash of Giants – the Change of Internal Higher Education Governance in Latvia
Authors:   Riga Stradins University, Bernāts Jānis , Rusakova Agnese , Zariņa Elmīra ,   University of Latvia
Published: November 2021

Globalization, the transfer to knowledge society exposes the environment of higher education institutions (HEIs) to increasingly complex operating conditions. The universities have to address additional demanding tasks with often-staggering public funding at their disposal. The paper aims to depict the interaction of government – managers – and higher education (HE) sector – employees – in the context of recent university governance reforms, which in its essence is another manifestation of managerialist policy followed by the government. The paper starts with contextual information on the HE system in Latvia and its antecedently limited public funding. It then touches the introduction of the performance-based funding model. The review of the funding model came as a reaction to dramatic public funding cuts within the higher education sector that were triggered by the economic crisis 2009-2012. The paper outlines the expectations of the higher education sector that additional public funding will be invested as soon as the new funding model is implemented. However, quite surprisingly for the higher education sector, the newly elected government decides to reform the internal governance of public higher education institutions instead. The depicted context is analyzed against the concept of managerialism and its influence on the higher education sector, specifically on the deterioration of collegiality as the traditional form of university governance. The paper explains, why the plans to reform the university governance in Latvia by introducing university boards with external stakeholders represented there have been met ambiguously by the higher education sector. The authors seek to answer the seemingly irrational series of actions taken by the Latvian government and do so referring to phenomena of managerial ideology, as well as cautions against the rule of uncompromising, forthright managerialism within the public sector. The article finds, however, that pure collegiality is no longer viable in the higher education sector in Latvia, and different manifestations of managerialism are there to stay in the higher education sector. Therefore, ways need to be found to adopt and draw benefits from the induced changes. Understanding the rational reasons behind seemingly irrational reforms introduced by the government is the first step in this direction. The next step, but this would be then the subject of further researches, would be to detect the conditions in which the incoming managerialism may undermine or reinforce the quality of higher education.
Work-based Learning in Professional Education of Latvia: Historical Development
Authors:   Daugavpils University, Briža Ilze , Pipere Anita
Published: November 2021

The Latvian labor market has been facing the problem of a quality labor force shortage for several years now. The acquisition of demanded specialties in Latvia is possible in the framework of professional education, which is offered at three levels – the level of primary education, professional secondary education, and professional higher education. Since 2015, work-based learning has been introduced in the professional education of Latvia, serving as a measure for the economic enhancement for the entry of quality labor force into the labor market. As a part of this initiative, educational institutions in cooperation with employers develop curricula that match the requirements of the labor market. This learning model is based on an example of a higher professional education model, where practical skills are acquired mostly during the students’ field practice. To conduct the empirical research on work-based learning in higher professional education, at first, it is necessary to look at the historical aspects of this learning model. The given article provides historical evidence, describing the historical development of work-based learning in professional education in Latvia. The beginnings of work-based learning in Latvia date back to the 14-15th century, but for the first time given form of education in its contemporary meaning has been introduced in Soviet times, as historical sources show the calls for get to know work experience as an integral part of communist work schools. After the regaining of independence, Latvia focuses on building the democratic education system, and since 2015 work-based learning is explicit in the Law on Professional Education as a specific form of education. Since its inception, work-based learning has reflected the public’s perceptions of the necessary specialties in the labor market.
Pedagogical Potential of Mental Practice in Teaching Brass Instruments at University
Authors:   University of Stavanger, Muceniece Laura , Medne Dace , Gintere Ērika ,   Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music,   Liepaja University
Published: November 2021

At any level of musical education, it is very important to improve one’s musicianship skills, which can only be achieved through consistent training and playing their musical instrument. Physical training is a very important part of the learning process; however, its combination with mental practice has been proved to be much more effective. Although such an approach is important at all levels of musical education, the paper addresses it in the context of higher education. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the pedagogical potential of mental practice in the process of teaching music in higher education. The research was implemented in two stages. First, a survey was conducted to gather information about the respondents’ habits when learning musical pieces. At this stage, the study involved 68 brass students from different universities around the world between the ages of 19 and 25. The second stage of the research comprised the development of the program of mental practice (PMP) with structured observation as a method and 7 participants from Latvian and Norwegian higher music education institutions. The obtained results allow to conclude that the inclusion of mental practice in the practicing routine significantly improves the overall level of concentration and stability both in the process of training and during performances. Mental practice also provides an opportunity to increase the duration of training as well as enhances the overall effectiveness of practicing and concentration during performances.
Physical Education Role in Lithuanian Primary Schoolchildren Physical Literacy Formation
Authors:   Lithuanian Sport University, Širkaitė Monika , Gruodytė-Račienė Rita
Published: November 2021

Lifelong engagement in physical activity (PA) may be increased and secured by achieving a sufficient level of physical literacy (PL) during childhood. The aim of this study is to assess if the level of physical activity (PL Domain 1), fitness (PL Domain 2), motivation and confidence (PL Domain 3), knowledge and understanding (PL Domain 4) of primary schoolchildren is sufficient. In addition, to investigate whether physical literacy of the 3rd grade students differ in relation to Physical Education (PE) being taught by their respective General teacher. For this purpose 9–10 year old students of four different classes of the same cohort (n = 93) of one of the school in second biggest city of Lithuania were recruited. The findings of this cross-sectional pilot study indicates that PA and physical competence for most of participants were of average or higher level, however, majority of them have not yet reached an acceptable level in such PL domains as Motivation & Confidence and Knowledge & Understanding. Significant differences (p < 0.05) comparing by class were found in Knowledge & Understanding, and in physical fitness domains. We may conclude that lower motivation, confidence and knowledge in PE determines lower physical literacy of primary schoolchildren. Furthermore, differences revealed in such PL domains as knowledge and understanding as well as physical fitness with regard to the different class and their respective general teacher may indicate the importance of the educator’s role and implemented PE curriculum for attaining the sufficient level of physical literacy of primary schoolchildren.
Neurocomputing for the Research of Sustainable Regional Development of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism in the Context of Ensuring the Quality of Human Capital
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Letiagina Elena N. , Perova Valentina I. , Gutko Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

In today’s world, human capital is one of the key indicators of a country’s sustainable socio-economic development. We have used neurocomputing tools to study the current state of physical education, sports and active tourism in the context of ensuring the quality of human capital, in order to preserve the population’s health and increase life expectancy. The relevance of research in this field is determined by the importance of physical activity for the development of human capital, which is one of the central internal factors of countries’ economic potential. Human capital also plays an important role in ensuring national security and sustainable regional development. We have performed a cluster analysis of physical culture and sports data in Russian regions using the tools of neural networks, one of the branches of artificial intelligence. The proposed approach based on neurocomputing and neural network modeling can be helpful in informing strategy proposals and measures aimed at enhancing the sustainable development and the role of physical culture, sports and tourism to ensure the quality of human capital.
The Impact of Traumatism on the Professional Aging: The Case of Elite Sports
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Ermilova Anna V. , Abelkalns Ilvis ,   University of Latvia
Published: November 2021

The article outlines the problem of traumatism, which is analyzed from the viewpoint of the socio-medical aspect. The peculiarities of the impact of traumatism on the professional sports career were revealed through the analysis of the elite athletes’ biographies (n = 296 respondents). The research was carried out applying the qualitative research design (biographical research). The assessment of life narratives of high-performance athletes performing on the world arena was carried out applying the criterion of traumatism and its impact on the athletes’ lives ( the athletes’ biographies are accessible through open-source Internet resources). The data obtained in the research framework revealed the possible trajectories of the impact of traumatism on the course of the professional sporting career: the process of career stagnation, professional success, the process of completion/ termination of a sporting career. The career stagnation was observed among all the respondents, which is predetermined by the rehabilitation process they had to go through. Based on the data obtained in the research framework, the conclusion can be drawn that reintegration into elite sports is primarily based on the resource potential of the athlete: the resources of the family/ the loved ones, the athlete’s own capacity, as well as the state support provision. The possible trajectories of professional aging were identified, namely, high resource capacity, the reduction/loss of resource capacity (disability), zeroing of resource capacity (lethal outcome). In addition, the data showed that the potential trajectory for the reintegration was usually identified within the two directions: firstly, sports and physical culture; secondly, other professional spheres. It should also be highlighted that professional aging puts forward the issues related to social security of high-performance athletes worldwide. Therefore, the issue of reviewing the reintegration criteria into the education system or professional and labour market upon the completion of the sporting career is of highest topicality provided that it would positively impact both the positive capacity of the population group and the prestige of high-performance sports worldwide. The research results allow drawing the conclusion that the accumulated resources in the course of building and implementing a professional sports career have a positive impact on the duration of the professional age of a representative of elite sports, in its turn, providing the possibility to easily adjust to the new life upon the completion of the sports career.
Femoral Osteotomies for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Motomura Goro , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: November 2021

Femoral osteotomy is performed for osteonecrosis of the femoral head to prevent the progression of collapse and promote the repair process by transposing the necrotic lesion to the nonweight-bearing portion. The purpose of this review article was to summarize the current knowledge on two types of femoral osteotomy: transtrochanteric anterior or posterior rotational osteotomy and transtrochanteric curved varus osteotomy, both of which are currently performed for osteonecrosis, mainly in Japan and Korea. Osteotomy can be expected to cure osteonecrosis, and no matter how much the durability of artificial joints improves, there will always be young patients for whom the procedure is indicated. We should continue to verify the results of this surgery and refine the techniques involved.
SOBRE A NARRAÇÃO DA NATUREZA
Authors: Ratzel Friedrich
Published: November 2021

RATZEL, F. 1906 (1904). Über Naturschilderung. 2ª edição. Munique e Berlim: R. Oldenbourg. Tradução de Ricardo Devides Oliveira e Jörn Seemann.
TEKS UBAT BEDIL: PENGETAHUAN TEKSTUAL TENTANG UBAT BEDIL MELAYU
Authors: Wan Hasbullah Wan Mohd Dasuki , Mat Hussain Eizah , Mohd Balwi Mohd Taufik Arridzo
Published: November 2021

The knowledge of firearms is one of the genres found in Malay manuscripts. However, gunpowder texts documented in such manuscripts have been largely elusive. This article aims to bridge the widening knowledge gap by presenting several textual evidence on the Malay tradition of using gunpowder. Using the philological research method, this article presents the transliteration of two texts found. Additionally, this paper intends to discuss content related to instructive and quantitative discourses. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a clearer picture of the textual dynamics of gunpowder knowledge to highlight the importance of the texts. Subsequently a discussion on the aforementioned manuscripts where specific gunpowder mixtures were explicitly stated will be considered as a concerted effort to enhance the understanding of Malay gun technology and facilitate in-depth discussions on various aspects of the traditional texts associated with the transmission of traditional knowledge, particularly in the form of quantitative or numerical descriptions. Keywords: Malay manuscripts, gunpowder text, traditional knowledge, textual dynamics, instructive and quantitative texts.
Patient Perspectives: Valuable Food Insecurity Interventions
Authors: Kress Catherine , Durvasula Jaya , Knievel Andrea , Hoefler Amanda M. Honsvall , Manning Lynn P. , Pine Donald J. , Mullen Deborah , Hayward Allyson
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Food insecurity (FI), defined as “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways,” affects over 12% of US households. Embarrassment persists for patients with FI, and due to the potential consequences of FI, including increased utilization of the health care system, it is important to find causes and potential interventions for FI. The purpose of this project was to better understand FI from the patient perspective, including contributing factors, perceived health effects, and helpful interventions.
Methods: Interviews (N=21) were conducted with suburban community residency clinic patients who screened positive for FI in the last 12 months. Six open-ended questions and a ranking question examined contributors to FI, effects of FI, perceptions of clinic intervention helpfulness, and ideas for novel interventions.
Results: Patients identified lack of income (85.7%) as the primary issue they faced. Secondary identified issues were lack of transportation (38.1%), too much debt (33.3%), and food assistance programs not providing for all needs (33.3%). FI effects on patients’ health included difficulty adhering to specialized diets and the need to modify eating patterns due to lack of food. Surprisingly, 28.6% perceived no FI related-health effects. Patients felt that the most valuable clinic intervention was provision of urgent need food boxes, followed by FI screening and referrals to community food resources. 
Conclusions: Frequent FI screening is in itself useful to patients. Screening paired with community food resource referrals and urgent-need food boxes are the most helpful interventions according to patients.
O QUE SE PODE APRENDER NUMA AULA DE MATEMÁTICA?
Authors: Gallo Sílvio , Monteiro Alexandrina
Published: November 2021

Esse texto defende que uma aula de matemática não deve ser reduzida a definições, exercícios, modelos de resolução já instituídos. Consideramos a aula de matemática como um lócus possível para a produção de momentos diferenciais, momentos de inspiração que permitam aos estudantes e a nós (professores), pensar no ainda não pensado. Pensar de modos outros. Diante disso, e inspirados pelo pensamento do filósofo Gilles Deleuze, temos nesse texto por objetivo discutir as questões: quais seriam os movimentos, os ritmos possíveis de uma aula de matemática? Como poderia uma aula funcionar como disparador ao exercício do pensamento que rompa com a imagem de pensamento representacional que funda e estrutura tanto os currículos disciplinares quantos as próprias disciplinas? Nesse sentido o texto está dividido em duas partes. Numa primeira abordamos aspectos referentes ao ensino de matemática e num segundo momento apresentamos duas cenas, com o objetivo apenas de provocar nossa função docente. Por fim entendemos que as contribuições de Deleuze, além de desdobramentos propostos por outros autores, nos permitem destacar que os desvios, provocados por uma educação menor e militante, podem abrir espaços potentes para fazer o pensamento funcionar de outros modos, abrir possibilidades para novos encontros numa aula de matemática.
FÉLIX GUATTARI E A POLÍTICA ANTES DO SER
Authors: Lima Vladimir Moreira
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste texto consiste em explorar uma formulação feita por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari na obra Mil Platôs, a saber, “antes do ser, há a política”. Uma vez que, em outra ocasião, Deleuze fez questão de vincular esta formulação como sendo, no mínimo, um dito de Guatttari, nossa proposta terá como base de investigação algumas temáticas e noções desenvolvidas na obra deste último.
ONDE OS NOVOS INTELECTUAIS? PENSAMENTO, PANDEMIA E A PEDAGOGIA DE UM APRENDIZADO MALSÃO
Authors: Maia Leonardo
Published: November 2021

O que há a aprender sob a situação atípica, distópica de uma doença generalizada, senão talvez, justamente, uma nova condição de pensar e uma nova imagem do pensamento? O conjunto de ideias-chave que marcam a modernidade e o contemporâneo, como as de relativização, de diferencialidade ou divergência, de dissolução e liquefação, de ponto de vista e de perspectiva, em suma, todo esse conjunto de concepções e situações que apontam para uma alteridade, que remetem a um movimento e a uma impermanência, a um fora ou a um devir, parecem de algum modo subitamente reféns da unicidade de um macro ou meta-acontecimento exclusivo. A molaridade pandêmica é um de seus traços mais terríveis. Ou seria ela antes rizomática? Enfim, como pensá-la, ou talvez, questão mais exigente, quem deverá pensá-la, que novos intelectuais o momento está a exigir? Algumas pistas poderão talvez ser encontradas na entrevista entre Foucault e Deleuze, de abril de 1972, intitulada Os intelectuais e o poder.
Dyke demolition led to a sharp decline in waterbird diversity due to reduction in habitat quality: A case study of Dongting Lake, China
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zou Ye-ai , Zhang Pingyang , Zhang Siqi , Chen Xinsheng , Li Feng , Deng Zhengmiao , Zhang Hong , Yu Zhibing , Zhu Xiaoyong , Xie Yonghong , Zou Dongsheng
Published: November 2021

Waterbird responses to habitat changes are of great concern in ecology.
Dongting Lake is the second-largest freshwater lake in China, and its
vast wetland area provides an important wintering habitat for migratory
waterbirds of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. However, lake
reclamation and illegal human-made dykes have degraded the Dongting Lake
wetland area at different degrees in the recent decades, seriously
threatening the ecology of this area. In 2017, to restore the natural
properties of Dongting Lake, the Chinese government completely
demolished 459 dykes and preserved 14 dykes for various purposes
(biodiversity conservation and flood control). However, the direct
impact of dyke demolition on wintering waterbirds has not been
comprehensively assessed. In this study, based on annual
(2013/14–2020/21) waterbird census data, we compared the differences in
species composition of waterbirds in the dyke-demolished and
dyke-preserved areas. The results indicated that waterbird diversity, in
terms of species number, abundance, the proportion of abundance, number
of rare waterbirds species, and exclusive species, was higher in the
dyke preserved areas than in the previously demolished areas. Species
turnover and reordering further identified dynamic differences in the
spatial and temporal distributions of waterbirds. Therefore, we used
long-term habitat data to explore whether habitat changes were
responsible for the changes in waterbirds; the results showed
significantly decreased water and mudflat areas, but a significantly
increased vegetation area in the dyke-demolished areas. The water area
was significantly positively correlated with waterbirds in this habitat.
Compared to the dyke-demolished areas, the stable and suitable habitat
area in the dyke-preserved areas might be closely related to the higher
waterbird diversity. Our study revealed habitat changes in the context
of large-scale dyke demolition in Dongting Lake and demonstrated the
dynamic response of waterbirds to habitat changes.
Modified Manouguian Technique for Aortic Root Enlargement: A Case Series
Authors: Malfitano Madison , Brickey Julia A. , Merlo Aurélie , Caranasos Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background:  Manouguian aortic root enlargement (ARE) has been a
standard root enlargement procedure to assist in patients with a small
annular size. We describe a modification to the Manouguian ARE similar
to Yang et al. This approach could serve as an alternate technique for
performing ARE; to date only case reports have defined this approach and
no studies have evaluated its efficacy or safety. Methods:  A
retrospective case series was performed on patients who underwent ARE
for surgical aortic valve replacement via the modified Manouguian
procedure at a single institution. Thirteen patients were identified
between 2015-2021, and all surgeries were performed by a single
operator. Data were collected via the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
database and chart review. The primary outcome was difference in valve
size after the procedure.  Results:  The most common indication
for surgery was aortic stenosis (12, 92%), with the most common
etiology being degenerative calcification (7, 54%). Congenital bicuspid
or uni-cuspid valves were identified in 5 (38%) patients. The majority
(10, 77%) of patients received a mechanical valve. This procedure was
successfully performed in all 13 of the patients. Additionally, 13 of
the 13 patients (100%) were upsized to a satisfactory valve size based
on pre-operative echocardiography sizing. Conclusions:  The
modified Manouguian aortic enlargement technique can be safely and
effectively used as an aortic enlargement procedure in a broad sample of
patients.
Clinical Utility of Noninvasive Prenatal Screening for Rare Chromosome Abnormalities in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Hu Ting , Wang Jiamin , Zhu Qian , zhang zhu , Hu Rui , Xiao Like , Yang Yunyuan , Liao Na , Liu Sha , Wang He , Niu Xiaoyu , Liu Shanling
Published: November 2021

Objective: To systematically investigate the clinical utility of
noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) commercially used for the common
fetal aneuploidies as a prenatal screening tool for rare chromosome
abnormalities (RCAs). Design: Prospective study. Setting:
Hospital-based. Population or Sample: 528 gravidas with positive NIPS
results for RCAs. Methods: Gravidas with positive NIPS results for RCAs
subsequently underwent amniocentesis for single nucleotide polymorphism
array (SNP-array) were recruit. The degrees of concordance between NIPS
and SNP-array were classified into full concordance, partial
concordance, discordance related and discordance. Main Outcome Measures:
The positive predictive values (PPVs) for rare aneuploidies and
segmental imbalances, while incidental findings for regions of
homozygosity/uniparental disomy (ROH/UPD), were used to evaluate the
performance of NIPS. Results: Of the 528 gravidas with positive NIPS
results, 29.2% were confirmed with positive prenatal SNP-array results
(154/528). The PPVs for rare aneuploidies and segmental imbalances were
6.1% (7/115) and 21.1% (87/413), respectively. ROH/UPDs, as incidental
findings, have been identified in 9.5% (50/528) of gravidas with
positive NIPS results. The PPV for clinical significant findings was
8.9% (47/528), including 7 cases with mosaic rare aneuploidies, 35 with
pathogenic/likely pathogenic copy number variants, and 5 with imprinting
disorders. Conclusions: NIPS commercially used for the common fetal
aneuploidies yielded low PPV for rare aneuploidies, moderate PPV for
segmental imbalances, and incidental findings for ROH/UPD. For the low
PPV for clinical significant findings, NIPS has limited clinical utility
for RCAs. Prenatal SNP-array should be regarded as the first-tier test
for positive NIPS, particularly for those involved imprinted
chromosomes.
Germline TP53 c.566C>T mutation incidentally diagnosed during treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia: A case report
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Matsuo Seiki , Ando Yukiko , Imamura Yuko , Hirose Masaya
Published: November 2021

A 53-year-old woman was admitted at our hospital for the treatment of
acute myeloid leukaemia. Heterozygous c.566C>T mutation in
the TP53 gene was found in leukaemia cells and germline cells. The
number of germline mutation found incidentally will increase. Therefore,
patients with such incidental findings must undergo adequate genetic
counselling.
Phenotypic traits and environment strongly predict seedling survival for seven co-occurring Great Basin plant taxa growing with invasive grass
Authors: Agneray Alison , Parchman Thomas , Leger Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

Trait-environment correlations can arise from local adaptation and can
identify genetically and environmentally appropriate seeds for
restoration projects. However, anthropogenic changes can disrupt the
relationships between traits and fitness. Finding the best seed sources
for restoration may rely on describing plant traits adaptive in
disturbed and invaded environments, recognizing that while traits may
differ among species and functional groups, there may be similarities in
the strategies that increase seedling establishment. Focusing on three
grass genera, two shrub species, and two forb genera, we collected seeds
of all taxa from 16 common sites in the sagebrush steppe of the western
United States. We measured seed and seedling characteristics, including
seed size, emergence timing, and root and shoot traits, and compiled a
suite of environmental variables for each collection site. We described
trait-environment associations and asked how traits or environment of
origin were associated with seedling survival in invaded gardens.
Sampling seven taxa from the same sites allowed us to ask how
trait-environment-performance associations differ among taxa and whether
natural selection favors similar traits across multiple taxa and
functional groups. All taxa showed trait-environment associations
consistent with local adaptation, and both environment of origin and
phenotypic traits predicted survival in competitive restoration
settings, with some commonalities among taxa. Notably, rapid emergence
and larger seeds increased survival for multiple taxa. Environmental
factors at collection sites, including lower slopes (especially for
grasses), greater mean annual temperatures (especially for shrubs and
forbs), and greater precipitation seasonality were frequently associated
with increased survival. We noted one collection site with high seedling
survival across all seven taxa, suggesting that conditions within some
sites may result in selection for traits that increase establishment for
multiple species. Thus, choosing native plant sources with the most
adaptive traits, along with matching climates, will likely improve the
restoration of invaded communities.
Mucosal Fixed Drug Eruption to Levetiracetam with Early Positive Patch Test on Non-Lesional Skin
Authors: Ercan Nazli
Published: November 2021

Levetiracetam (LEV) is a second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED) that
is well tolerated, has a broad spectrum of action, low protein binding,
and minimal hepatic metabolism. The incidence of hypersensitivity to LEV
in children and adults is 0.6%. This is the first reported fixed drug
eruption (FDE) identified using a patch test in a pediatric case
associated with LEV
Herbivory on the pedunculate oak along urbanization range in Europe: effects of local forest cover and insect feeding guild
Authors: Valdés-Correcher Elena , Popova Anna , Galmán Andrea , Prinzing Andreas , Selikhovkin Andrey , Howe Andy , Mrazova Anna , Dulaurent Anne-Maïmiti , Hampe Arndt , Tack Ayco , Bouget Christophe , Lupaștean Daniela , Harvey Deborah , Musolin Dmitry , Lövei Gabor , Centenaro Giada , Halder Inge , Hagge Jonas , Dobrosavljević Jovan , Pitkänen Juha-Matti , Koricheva Julia , Sam Katerina , Barbaro Luc , Branco Manuela , Ferrante Marco , Faticov Maria , Tahadlová Markéta , Gossner Martin M. , Cauchoix Maxime , Bogdziewicz Michał , Duduman Mihai-Leonard , Kozlov Mikhail , Bjoern Mona , Mamaev Nikita , Fernandez-Conradi Pilar , Thomas Rebecca , Wetherbee Ross , Green Samantha , Milanović Slobodan , Moreira Xoaquin , Kadiri Yasmine , Castagneyrol Bastien
Published: November 2021

Urbanization is recognized as an important driver of the diversity and
abundance of tree associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for
insect herbivory are controversial. A likely source of variability among
studies is the insufficient consideration of intra-urban variability in
forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the
independent and interactive effect of urbanization and local canopy
cover on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. The damage caused by
chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf-mining and
gall-inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing
urbanization around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores
increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of urbanization. In
contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect
of urbanization on leaf-miners and strengthened its effect on
gall-inducers. These results show the complexity of plant-herbivore
interactions in urbanized areas, highlighting that the presence of local
canopy cover within cities has the potential to attenuate or modify the
effect of urbanization on biotic interactions.
Asymptomatic “twig-like” middle cerebral artery embryological anomaly
Authors: Nestorovic Dragoslav , Nikolic Igor , Cvetic Vladimir , Petrovic Dusan , Tasic Goran
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Anomalies of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are very rare. ?Rete MCA,? ?twig-like MCA? (T-MCA), ?aplastic MCA,? ?unfused MCA,? and others are all synonyms for unilateral embryological anomaly of the M1 segment of the MCA, where, due to an unknown cause, fusion of primordial arteries of the M1 segment did not happen. As a result, the M1 segment of the affected side consists of a mesh of small arteries from which arise normal perforators and cortical branches. Moyamoya disease, moyamoya-like syndrome, atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease, vasculitis, and dissection of the MCA should be considered in differential diagnosis. Case outline. We present a 60-year-old female patient with twig-like left MCA, incidentally diagnosed due to persistent headaches six days prior to admission. Non-contrast computed tomography head examination was without peculiarities. Computed tomography angiography showed a network of small vessels in place of the left M1 segment, bridging internal carotid artery terminus with branches of the MCA bifurcation and giving rise to lenticulostriate arteries. Fourteen months later, on physical examination, the patient was in good general condition, without a neurological deficit, with occasional episodes of headache no stronger than 3?4/10 on the visual analogue scale. Conclusion. We report a patient with extremely rare variation of the M1 segment of the left MCA, incidentally diagnosed due to headaches.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with complete visual recovery - the first report
Authors: Kalezic Tanja , Maras Zeljko , Karamarkovic Nemanja , Jeremic Miroslav , Bila Mladen
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Leber?s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) typically affects young adults, with a higher prevalence in men, but can ultimately occur at any age, as well as in women. LHON is caused by point mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. Classically, LHON presents as a subacute unilateral loss of visual acuity, dyschromatopsia in the red?green axis and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The contralateral eye usually develops similar symptoms within 3?6 months of the disease onset. Case outline. A 55-year-old male patient presented to a neurologist 20 days after the onset of vision loss. The patient was admitted as an emergency case to the Clinic for Eye Diseases due to a sudden vision loss in both eyes. The best corrected visual acuity in both eyes was 4/60. The intraocular pressure on both eyes was normal. Oedema of the optic nerve head was found on the right eye and a disc with blurred borders was seen on the left eye. During hospitalization, several consultative examinations and diagnostic procedures were performed, together with blood laboratory and visual field perimetry. Genetic testing for LHON as well as antibodies to AQ4, immunoserology, virology, and lumbar puncture were performed, as well as the visual evoked potential and ultrasound examinations. Conclusion. In our patient, the presence of a heteroplasmic mutation m.11778 G>A (MT-ND4) in the mitochondrial DNA analyzed from a peripheral blood sample was shown. In the available literature, this is the first documented LHON case demonstrating complete restitution of visual acuity in both eyes.
Deepfake e a realidade sintetizada
Authors: Fanaya Patrícia Fonseca
Published: November 2021

As tecnologias deepfake, nas quais os computadores são treinados para manipular áudio e imagens em um nível cada vez mais impressionante de perfeição, estão sendo desenvolvidas a uma velocidade vertiginosa, têm um potencial de popularização exponencial e carregam o poder de espalhar ainda mais desinformação e mentiras disfarçadas de realidade e verdade. Além disso, podem alimentar com ainda mais sofisticação as mais bizarras teorias da conspiração que têm o poder de ameaçar, a política, o direito e a ciência. Diante disso, as tecnologias deepfake tornarão a guerra da desinformação ainda mais complexa e perigosa, fazendo com que qualquer distinção entre verdadeiro e falso ou real e fictício entre em colapso total. Este artigo tem como objetivo contextualizar as deepfakes no problema da realidade sintetizada ou simulada e relacioná-lo com o problema da verdade.
Deepfake de áudio
Authors: Prado Magaly Parreira do
Published: November 2021

“Deepfake de áudio” faz parte do complexo de deepfakes, que é uma das formas das fake news (FN) que assolam o planeta no intuito de enganar os incautos. O objetivo do estudo é entender de que maneira o deepfake de áudio contribui a propagar e exercer uma ascendência sobre o público, desvirtuando sua maneira de pensar, sendo a incógnita por trás dos algoritmos complexos que as inflamam. A proposta é apontar como se dá a relação entre os dados (usurpados) e a análise e monitoramento das mídias para “melhor” direcionar quem receberá cada tipo de desinformação. A hipótese central é que a falta de proteção dos nossos dados pessoais faz com que eles virem a matéria-prima do uso indiscriminado pelos produtores de informações fraudulentas. O poder dos recursos de técnicas de Inteligência Artificial e um rol de ferramentas para fabricá-las e detectá-las são levantados. Ao escrutinar as deepfakes de áudio embutidas ou não nas de vídeo – mas fazendo tanto estrago quanto, em sua disseminação descontrolada –, examinamos um caso danoso de clonagem e manipulação de voz como relato de risco. Em conclusão, a afronta, à ética da informação é discutida.
Entre ver e crer
Authors: De Paula Assis Junior Fabio , Hessel Ana Maria Di Grado
Published: November 2021

Ao se analisar a deepfake sob a ótica histórica da produção artística, encontram--se paralelos no passado que podem ajudar a solucionar alguns dos desafios incitados pela nova tecnologia. Afinal, esta não é a primeira vez em que a sociedade se questiona se ver é, de fato, acreditar. A nascente experiência de uso de obras consagradas pela deepfake suscita o potencial de sua exploração no mundo da cultura e do entretenimento, sobretudo quando a própria criação em diferentes formatos fizer um uso planejado dessa tecnologia para fins de viés afirmativo como a criação de novas linguagens e obras. Em uma era marcada pela desinformação, o desafio é garantir a literacia do público acerca da veracidade daquilo que lê, vê e consome. Em vez de se combater o uso das deepfakes, o esforço deve caminhar no sentido de se promover seu enorme potencial positivo sobretudo no mundo das artes e da cultura.
RESPONS VARIETAS DAN MUSIM TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN KUALITAS JAMUR TIRAM
Authors: Fatchullah Deden , Rahman Ramdani Abdul , Masnenah Endeh
Published: November 2021

Oyster mushroom was a prospective vegetable commodity and has high economical value. The aim of this research was to find out oyster mushroom varieties that could be adapted in Bogor – West Java, and produced high yield and quality when cultivated both in the dry and rainy seasons. A Randomized Block Design with 4 replications were set up in mushroom houses during the dry and the rainy seasons. Treatments comprised of 6 varieties of oyster mushrooms, viz: varieties No. 1; 30; 37; 38; 46 (origin from IVEGRI’s collection) and No. 85 (origin from Bogor as control variety). The result showed that varieties and planting seasons has significantly effect on growth of oyster mushroom. However varieties has no significantly effect on yield of mushroom which was in average 55-91 ton/1000 m2 of mushrooms house area. Fresh yield of mushroom planted in dry season (91.3 ton) was significantly higher than those in wet season (61.7 ton). Varieties has significantly effect of mushroom quality, meanwhile seasons gave a same good quality with delicious/ ranking <3, storage resistance up to 2 days at room temperature and water content >90 %. Keywords: Planting season, Pleurotus ostreatus, growth, yield, quality
POTASIUM AND MICRO FERTILIZERS APPLICATION FOR IMPROVING CASSAVA PRODUCTION HARVESTING AT 7 AND 10 MONTH AFTER PLANTING
Authors: Setiawan Kukuh
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe harvest of cassava usually conducted by farmers in Lampung province is around 7 months after planting (MAP).  Moreover, either farmers or industry cassava rarely fertilized by using potassium (KCl) and also micro fertilizers to improve the cassava production.  This condition could decrease the production both root weight and strach content.  Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cassava production applied by potassium and micro fertilizers harvested at 7 and 10 MAP.  Treatments were arranged by factorial (2x2) in completely randomized block design with three reps used as block.  First factor were First factor was two levels of KCl, 200 and 300 kg KCl/ha.  Second factor was two levels of micro nutrient, 0 and 20 kg zincmicro nutrient/ha.  The result showed that there was no variation of root number and root weight due to application of potassium and micro fertilizers.  This means that root number and root weight were not significantly different applied by potassium and micro fertilizers.  In addition, application of potassium and micro fertilizers could significantly influence shoot growth as stem dry weight and leaf dry weight at 10 MAP.Keywords: harvest, leaf dry weight, micro fetilizer, potassium, production, stem dry weight ABSTRAKCara panen ubikayu yang biasa dilakukan di tingkat petani adalah sekitar tanaman umur 7 bulan setelah tanam (BST).  Selain itu, petani maupun pihak industri sangat jarang melakukan pemupukan kalium (KCl) maupun unsur mikro untuk perbaikan produksi ubikayu.  Hal ini akan menyebabkan penurunan produksi baik dari bobot ubi maupun kadar pati.  Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produksi ubikayu akibat aplikasi pemupukan kalium (KCl) dan mikro pada umur panen 7 dan 10 BST.  Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial (2x2) dalam rancangan kelompok teracak lengkap (RKTL) dengan tiga ulangan sebagai kelompok.  Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi dua dosis pupuk KCL, 200 dan 300 kg KCl/ha.  Faktor kedua adalah aplikasi dua dosis pupuk mikro, 0 dan 20 kg Zincmikro/ha.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada variasi pada variabel jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi akibat pemupukan kalium dan mikro.  Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kalium dan mikro menghasilkan jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi yang tidak berbeda.  Selanjutnya, aplikasi pupuk kalium dan mikro memberikan pengaruh pada variabel pertumbuhan tajuk seperti bobot kering batang dan daun pada umur 10 BST.Kata kunci: bobot kering batang, bobot kering daun, kalium, mikro, panen, produksi
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Bawang Merah dan Kecambah dengan Pemberian Pupuk Cair Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan Seedling Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: . Rugayah , Karyanto Agus , . Ermawati , Suselawati Dewi
Published: November 2021

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) seeds from seed, or commonly called seedling, have relatively few lateral roots and are poor in root hairs so that their growth is slow (having a long juvenile period of up to 10-15 years). For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts so that mangosteen seedlings can have a good root system through the addition of natural growth regulators. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red onion extract, a mixture of onion extract and mung bean sprouts combined with biological liquid fertilizer on the growth of mangosteen seedling. This research was carried out in the Horticulture FP greenhouse in March 2020–July 2020. This study was arranged in a factorial (3 x 2) in a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three replications. The first factor was natural ZPT treatment: without extract, red onion extract 400 g/L, and mixed extract of onion 200 g/L and green bean sprouts 200 g/L. The second factor is the provision of biological fertilizers, namely without biological fertilizers and 15 ml/L). The results showed that the administration of mixed extracts of shallots and mung bean sprouts tended to have better growth which could be seen from the highest average value for the variable plant height 6.04 cm, stem diameter 2.93 mm, and the number of secondary roots. The mixed extract treatment of shallots and mung bean sprouts also increased the widest leaf area by a difference of 3.5 cm² compared to the control. Keywords :  extract of shallot/ green bean sprout, growth regulator, mangosteen
Modeling of the Direct Shear Test from the Finish Elements Method
Authors: Adolphe Kempena , Gampio Mbilou Urbain , Greve Mouanda Makanda Emilienne , Lacaba Rafael Guardado , Gonçalves Antonio Olimpio , Florent Boudzoumou
Published: November 2021

Soil improvement using the geosynthetic technique is usually used for fine and friable soils. This technique provides a reinforced soil with high shear strength. The interest is certainly well displayed. Indeed, this work aims to numerically assess the geosynthetics placement influence on the fine sand properties. For this purpose, a reduced model has been designed to initially allow simulating the geosynthetic layer incorporation into an unsaturated soil while maintaining vertical stress and measuring the lateral stress generated during this incorporation. The scale model makes it possible to assess the possible displacements experienced by the soil during the direct shear test. Numerical modeling then made it possible to confirm the experimental results and verify these displacements behavior. Numerical modeling was carried out by applying the finite element method considering a behavioral law of the Mohr-Coulomb type for soil and geosynthetics. The results obtained by numerical modeling confirmed the direct shear test functionality in the laboratory. This opens the door to further studies about the geosynthetics effect in the soil.
Evaluation of Qualitative Accelerated Tests Practices in Product Development Process: A Computer Simulation
Authors: Da Rocha Laura Lima , De Oliveira Marcelo Albuquerque , Veroneze Gabriela de Mattos
Published: November 2021

— Reliability is an essential item for the product development phase, as it is from estimated values are obtained about how the product will behave and, consequently, about modes of design flaws and weaknesses. In short, these responses are important to offer to the market high quality products, in addition to providing safety to the customer. In this work, a product was proposed where its design was based on research on how its shape should be and three different raw materials were chosen to be applied to the product and, with the simulation, it was possible to discover the weaknesses and points of improvement and which material best suited the proposed product.
Development of an STM32 Microprocessor System for Automatic Continuous Remote Temperature Control in an Intensive Flow of People
Authors: Bakiev Ilgiz
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the fundamental principles of non-contact temperature measurement, technical solutions that translate them into practice in order to automate temperature control and improve the current epidemiological situation in the world in connection with coronavirus infection, as well as a proposal for a new technical solution that is more affordable, which will increase coverage of the use of automatic systems for monitoring the body temperature of people in public places, and a description of the following steps for its implementation.