bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The long‐term impact of alveolar ridge preservation with xenograft bone mineral on peri‐implant health after 5 years in function: A retrospective cohort study of 108 patients assessed clinically and radiologically
Authors: Sayardoust Shariel , Norstedt Wilhelm , Shah Furqan A.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

When teeth are lost, dental implants contribute to improved oral function and quality of life. Limitations in dental implant placement arising from poor bone anatomy may be circumvented via alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). The aim is to evaluate the long‐term impact of ARP on peri‐implant health and the relationship with common risk indicators such as smoking and history of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and eight patients were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study with 308 implants. Of these, ∼41% were placed in bone sites that had previously received ARP with deproteinized bovine bone mineral xenograft. Association between baseline variables: ARP, age, gender, number of implants per patient, anatomical site, smoking, and previous history of grade III/IV periodontitis, and outcome variables: mucositis, peri‐implantitis, implant loss, full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score, and marginal bone loss (MBL) was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate models.

Results

After 5 years, the overall survival rate was 93.7%. The occurrence of peri‐implantitis was 21.3% and the extent of MBL was ~2.2 mm. Both peri‐implantitis occurrence and MBL were comparable between ARP+ and ARP−. Smoking is associated with higher FMPS and MBL.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that peri‐implant health can be maintained around dental implants for up to 5 years in ARP+ sites using Bio‐Oss®. Smoking is a major risk indicator for peri‐implantitis, whereas the association between history of periodontitis and the risk of peri‐implantitis, based on this specific, well‐maintained cohort and the specific implants used, remains inconclusive.
Investigating Molecular Transformation Processes of Biodiesel Components During Long‐Term Storage Via High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hamacher David , Schrader Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel is an important building block in renewable energy transformation. The main issue is that during storage biodiesel will undergo transformation processes that can lead to molecular changes, which then can cause applicational problems such as severe motor damage. To prevent this, a detailed understanding of the involved molecules and the emerging aging products is necessary. Biodiesel samples were stored for up to 12 months to monitor molecular changes, and all mixtures were investigated by using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). The data revealed that during storage large numbers of oxygen atoms were incorporated into the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This process was dominant for the first quarter of aging but then became overshadowed by dimerization of oxygenated FAMEs. This means that there are two main pathways for aging in biodiesel: polyoxygenation and oligomerization. These findings greatly pin down the possible causes for sedimentation giving a solid foundation for aging inhibition development.
Efficient Metal‐Oriented Electrodeposition of a Co‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with Superior Capacitive Performance
Authors: Han Yan , Cui Jian , Yu Yue , Chao Yunfeng , Li Dejun , Wang Caiyun , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: May 2022

An efficient cathodic electrodeposition method is developed for coating Co‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Co‐MOF) on carbon fiber cloth (CFC), a widely used substrate in energy fields. The use of a highly active Co metal surface enables nucleation and growth of Co‐MOF in 3D rodlike crystal bundles. When used as a binder‐free electrode (Co‐MOF/CFC) for supercapacitors, it shows a high areal capacitance of 1784 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, good cycling stability and excellent rate capability. The assembled asymmetric all‐solid‐state supercapacitor device (Co‐MOF/CFC//AC) delivers a high energy density and power density. This work may open up an effective approach to realize the electrosynthesis of MOF films, promoting use in energy storage and conversion fields.
Improved survival of left ventricular assist device carriers in Europe according to implantation eras: results from the PCHF‐VAD registry
Authors: Jakus Nina , Brugts Jasper J. , Claggett Brian , Timmermans Philippe , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , Rubiś Pawel , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Gaizauskas Edvinas , Barge‐Caballero Eduardo , Paolillo Stefania , Grundmann Sebastian , D'Amario Domenico , Braun Oscar Ö. , Gkouziouta Aggeliki , Meyns Bart , Droogne Walter , Wierzbicki Karol , Holcman Katarzyna , Planinc Ivo , Skoric Bosko , Flammer Andreas J. , Gasparovic Hrvoje , Biocina Bojan , Lund Lars H. , Milicic Davor , Ruschitzka Frank , Cikes Maja ,   PCHF‐VAD registry
Published: May 2022

Aims

Temporal changes in patient selection and major technological developments have occurred in the field of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), yet analyses depicting this trend are lacking for Europe. We describe the advances of European LVAD programmes from the PCHF‐VAD registry across device implantation eras.

Methods and results

Of 583 patients from 13 European centres in the registry, 556 patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years, 82% male) were eligible for this analysis. Patients were divided into eras (E) by date of LVAD implantation: E1 from December 2006 to December 2012 (6 years), E2 from January 2013 to January 2020 (7 years). Patients implanted more recently were older with more comorbidities, but less acutely ill. Receiving an LVAD in E2 was associated with improved 1‐year survival in adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.98; p = 0.043). LVAD implantation in E2 was associated with a significantly lower chance of heart transplantation (adjusted HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.67; p = 0.001), and lower risk of LVAD‐related infections (adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.95; p = 0.027), both in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The adjusted risk of haemocompatibility‐related events decreased (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.91; p = 0.016), while heart failure‐related events increased in E2 (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.75; p = 0.043).

Conclusion

In an analysis depicting the evolving landscape of continuous‐flow LVAD carriers in Europe over 13 years, a trend towards better survival was seen in recent years, despite older recipients with more comorbidities, potentially attributable to increasing expertise of LVAD centres, improved patient selection and pump technology. However, a smaller chance of undergoing heart transplantation was noted in the second era, underscoring the relevance of improved outcomes on LVAD support.
Development and Box–Behnken design optimization of a green extraction method natural deep eutectic solvent‐based for phenolic compounds from barley malt rootlets
Authors: Della Posta Susanna , Gallo Valeria , Dugo Laura , De Gara Laura , Fanali Chiara
Published: May 2022

In recent years, attention has been turned finding new sources of phenolic compounds, antioxidant molecules, main by‐products from the agri‐food chain like barley malt rootlets (BMRs). Traditionally, phenolic compounds are extracted from food matrices using different procedures, for example, solid–liquid, liquid–liquid, or solid‐phase extraction techniques employing organic solvents. With the advent of green chemistry, attention has been paid to the search for green, nontoxic, inexpensive, and nonflammable solvents and the natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) respect these characteristics. The aim of this project was to develop and optimize an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and rapid extraction method for phenolic compounds from BMRs using natural DESs as extractive solvents. Several natural DESs were tested as extractive solvents and, among them, the best results in terms of total phenolic content were obtained using a choline chloride‐malic acid (1:2 molar ratio)‐based mixture. Box–Behnken experimental design guaranteed the extraction of 9.51 ± 0.83 gallic acid equivalent/g of BMRs, under the following optimal extraction conditions: 1:21 solid‐to‐liquid ratio, 80°C as extraction temperature, 43 min as the time of extraction, and 29% as a percentage of added water in the NADESs. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in the BMRs extract through HPLC‐PDA/MS analysis.
Effect of steaming on chemical composition of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Evaluation of potential risk associated with human consumption
Authors: Peycheva Katya , Panayotova Veselina , Stancheva Rositsa , Makedonski Lubomir , Merdzhanova Albena , Cammilleri Gaetano , Ferrantelli Vincenzo , Calabrese Vittorio , Cicero Nicola , Fazio Francesco
Published: May 2022

Steaming process is the most popular method for cooking mussels worldwide. The effect of this cooking process on some toxic (Cd, Ni, Pb), essential (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) elements, minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), total lipids, and fatty acid profiles in the Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested from the Black Sea was studied. Different approaches to assess the benefits and risks (n‐6/n‐3, PUFA/SFA, AI, TI, h/H, EDI, THQ, HI, TR, and HQEFA) were employed. In general, steaming process significantly modified some essential elements and minerals concentrations as well as the fatty acid profiles. Compared to the raw samples, this culinary practice resulted in an increased concentration of Na, Mg, Zn, and saturated fatty acids and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Significant changes in the lipid quality indices (PUFA/SFA, AI, TI, and h/H) from the raw samples were observed. No effect on the DHA content was found. However, the significant increase in the absolute content of EPA + DHA indicates that steaming does not compromise the nutritional quality of mussels. Target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) from elemental intake were below 1, indicating that the steamed M. galloprovincialis pose no hazard for the consumers. The target risk (TR) values for Pb, Cr, and Ni were calculated, evaluated, and showed acceptable or negligible levels. In addition, the benefit–risk ratio indicated that the steamed M. galloprovincialis are safe for human consumption.
A theory of change for advising in the 21st century
Authors: Chamberlain Alexa Wesley , Burnside Omari
Published: May 2022

Advising has the potential to serve as a lever for institutional transformation to advance equitable student success. Actualizing the promise of advising requires implementing evidence‐based interventions and giving attention to institutional practices, technology products, policies, and change management strategies that can address key points within a student's higher education journey. This chapter outlines a “theory of change” for why and how building institutional capacities to deliver holistic advising experiences can advance student success efforts, improving outcomes and experiences for Black, Latinx, Indigenous, and poverty affected students.
Transformations in academic advising as a profession
Authors: Troxel Wendy G. , Bridgen Sean , Hutt Chris , Sullivan‐Vance Karen A.
Published: May 2022

As the function of advising has shifted across the higher education landscape, the role of the academic advisor has also evolved. This chapter explores historic and emerging trends in the roles, functions, and professionalization of academic advising, while stressing the need for institutions to situate academic advising within their learning and teaching mission. Drawing from literature surrounding the theories and contexts of academic advising as a profession, as well as research and resources from NACADA: The Global Community for Academic Advising (NACADA), information surrounding the impact and influences of the role of the academic advisor on student success and equity will be addressed alongside the contexts around which the work takes place.
An ecological approach to understanding the scholarship of advising practice and administration
Authors: Young Dallin George , Zeng Wen
Published: May 2022

In order to further the argument for the consideration of advising as a high‐impact practice, there is a need for the organization of knowledge surrounding advising. This chapter contributes to the ongoing efforts to chronicle the landscape of literature on the scholarship, administration, and practice of advising. Summarization of the major themes found in empirical and best practices literature, as well as a synthesis of learning from advising‐related reports is provided alongside the introduction of a typology that draws from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model in an effort to organize research approaches to advising in the field of higher education.
Being HIP: Advising as an emerging high‐impact practice
Authors: Keup Jennifer R. , Young Dallin George
Published: May 2022

Historically, High Impact Practices (HIPs) have been identified as experiential learning initiatives that were proven to be effective for engagement and student success, are characterized by eight tenets of practice, and contribute to student learning, development, and achievement. Yet, national research and institutional assessment data indicate that many other curricular and cocurricular practices are educationally purposeful, effective, and maintain fidelity to the eight elements of HIPs. Drawing from existing research and national data, including information collected by the National Resource Center for The First‐Year Experience and Students in Transition, this chapter will analyze advising practices against the eight tenets of AAC&U's high‐impact practices to make the case for its position as an emergent HIP.
SDN‐based load balance routing mechanism for Information Centric Networking
Authors: Wang Dianli
Published: May 2022

With the increasing requirements of Information Centric Networking (ICN) on high bandwidth, low delay and high fault tolerance, more and more ICN networks begin to adopt the hierarchical topology. The hierarchical topology based on ICN can establish multiple equivalent paths between any two servers in different locations, resulting in high bandwidth, high throughput and high error tolerance. However, the traditional routing algorithm can not give full play to the performance improvement brought by the hierarchical structure, which will cause a great waste of bandwidth. Therefore, this paper studies a load balancing routing algorithm of ICN based on Software Defined Network (SDN). It relies on SDN controller to obtain the global information of ICN and make the optimal load balancing routing decision, so as to reduce the probability of network congestion and improve the bandwidth utilization.
Exploration of high dimensional free energy landscapes by a combination of temperature‐accelerated sliced sampling and parallel biasing
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Verma Shivani , Javed Ramsha , Sudhakar Suraj , Srivastava Saurabh , Nair Nisanth N.
Published: May 2022

Temperature‐accelerated sliced sampling (TASS) is an enhanced sampling method for achieving accelerated and controlled exploration of high‐dimensional free energy landscapes in molecular dynamics simulations. With the aid of umbrella bias potentials, the TASS method realizes a controlled exploration and divide‐and‐conquer strategy for computing high‐dimensional free energy surfaces. In TASS, diffusion of the system in the collective variable (CV) space is enhanced with the help of metadynamics bias and elevated‐temperature of the auxiliary degrees of freedom (DOF) that are coupled to the CVs. Usually, a low‐dimensional metadynamics bias is applied in TASS. In order to further improve the performance of TASS, we propose here to use a highdimensional metadynamics bias, in the same form as in a parallel bias metadynamics scheme. Here, a modified reweighting scheme, in combination with artificial neural network is used for computing unbiased probability distribution of CVs and projections of high‐dimensional free energy surfaces. We first validate the accuracy and efficiency of our method in computing the four‐dimensional free energy landscape for alanine tripeptide in vacuo. Subsequently, we employ the approach to calculate the eight‐dimensional free energy landscape of alanine pentapeptide in vacuo. Finally, the method is applied to a more realistic problem wherein we compute the broad four‐dimensional free energy surface corresponding to the deacylation of a drug molecule which is covalently complexed with a β‐lactamase enzyme. We demonstrate that using parallel bias in TASS improves the efficiency of exploration of high‐dimensional free energy landscapes.
Absorption thermodynamic and kinetics of heavy metals by magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite absorbents with semi‐interpenetrating networks structure
Authors: Wan Tao , Wang Tairan , Wang Jian , He Songsong , Tang Qi , Yu Mingrui , Jia Yang
Published: May 2022

KH570‐modified magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite absorbents (KH570‐mHNAs) with semi‐interpenetrating networks (semi‐IPNs) were synthesized by radical copolymerization based on poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid), PVP and KH570‐modified magnetic nanoparticles. KH570‐mHNAs with porous and ravine structure have the target structure confirmed by FTIR and XRD results. KH570‐mHNAs have high adsorption capacities of Cu(II) (163 mg/g), Cd(II) (150 mg/g), and Pb(II) (460.8 mg/g), approaching the absorption equilibrium at 60 min. Heavy metal absorption was highly dependent on different process variables, such as pH value, initial heavy metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature. The endothermic, entropy increasing, and spontaneous nature of heavy metal ion adsorption was revealed from thermodynamic study. Heavy metal ions adsorption isotherms and kinetics were in agreement with the Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, respectively. Besides, KH570‐mHNAs had good magnetic responsiveness, desorption, and reusability, which made it a promising adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from the contaminated wastewater.
Biocontrol Aspergillus species together with plant biomass alter histochemical characteristics in diseased mungbean plants
Authors: Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad
Published: May 2022

In the present study, two Aspergillus species as biocontrol agents together with Chenopodium quinoa dry biomass were used to investigate their effects on histochemical features of mungbean plant inoculated with M. phaseolina. In a pot experiment, Aspergillus flavipes and Aspergillus versicolor were added either alone or together with 1%, 2%, and 3% dry biomass of quinoa (DBQ) to the pot soil already inoculated with M. phaseolina. After 4 weeks of sowing, root and lower‐stem sections of the mungbean plants were stained with ferric chloride, phloroglucinol‐HCl and Lugol's iodine to detect the presence of polyphenols, lignin, and starch granules, respectively, and observed under light microscope. Stem and root sections were also observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the effect of soil amendments on cell structures. The findings revealed that mungbean plant cross sections from all the treatments except positive control (only inoculated with M. phaseolina) showed very clear cell structures. In positive control, distorted, fragmented, and collapsed cell structures were observed. Moreover, M. phaseolina blocked vascular vessels in comparison to negative control where the cell structures were intact and normal in size. Plant sections from treatments with A. flavipes and A. versicolor alone or together with DBQ were without pathogen colonization, with normal cell structures and a high deposition of gel. The results suggested that the two Aspergillus spp. and C. quinoa induced defense responses in mungbean plants.

Highlights

Macrophomina phaseolina causes significant yield losses in mungbean.

Pot soil was amended with two species of Aspergillus as biocontrol agents along with plant biomass.

Aspergillus spp. markedly saved the root and stem structures from the damage caused by M. phaseolina.
Severe aplastic anaemia after serial vaccinations for SARS‐CoV‐2, pneumococcus and seasonal influenza
Authors: Wang Xiao , Laczko Dorottya , Caponetti Gabriel C. , Rabatin Susan , Babushok Daria V.
Published: May 2022

We present a 67‐year‐old woman who developed progressive pancytopenia over 10 months, concomitant with administration of severe adult respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. She developed mild leukopenia ∼2 weeks after the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine sequence, with progressive symptoms after subsequent vaccines, eventually developing severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). While there have been several reports of vaccine‐related SAA, at time of submission, our case is the first reported to develop after the Moderna mRNA SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine, as well as the first to document the gradual development of SAA over the course of many vaccine exposures. Physicians should be cognizant of vaccine‐associated SAA, considering current widespread coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination efforts.
Top‐down and bottom‐up: Examining reciprocal relationships between leader humility and team helping behavior
Authors: Wang Danni , Liu Yuwen , Hsieh Ying‐Che , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2022

Based on social exchange theory, we develop and test a longitudinal model in which leaders' expressed humility and team members' helping behavior reciprocally influence each other over time and ultimately predict subsequent team performance and turnover. Using multisource, 3‐wave repeated measures data from 281 work teams, our cross‐lagged panel modeling results supported the hypotheses. We found that leader humility increased subsequent team helping behavior, and team helping behavior also promoted leader humility at a later time. As compared with leader humility, team helping behavior is a more proximal predictor of team performance and reduced team turnover rate. We found that leader humility has indirect effects on team performance and team turnover through the mediating role of team helping behavior. These findings shed new light on how leaders and teams can develop through their respective humble and helping behaviors, and how this reciprocal relationship ultimately enhances team effectiveness and helps reduce turnover of team members.
Management of short‐bowel syndrome: A survey of unmet educational needs among healthcare providers
Authors: Belcher Emily , Mercer David , Raphael Bram P. , Salinas Gregory D. , Stacy Sylvie , Tappenden Kelly A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Management of short‐bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Because of the rarity of SBS‐IF, healthcare professionals (HCPs) often lack clinical experience with the disease and may benefit from education regarding SBS‐IF and its management. This study identified unmet educational needs related to the management of patients with SBS‐IF.

Methods

This was a prospective, web‐based survey (December 2019–January 2020) in which a series of clinical questions were posed to US HCPs after presenting three standardized SBS‐IF cases to assess current practice patterns. HCPs were then asked a series of questions to identify potential knowledge gaps and unmet educational needs relating to SBS‐IF management.

Results

Overall, 558 HCPs completed the survey, with 12%–38% having a formal SBS‐IF multidisciplinary team currently available to make treatment decisions within their institution. Clinicians involved in care included gastroenterologists (93%), registered dietitians (79%), gastroenterology nurse practitioners and physician assistants (37%), registered nurses (43%), social workers (45%), and psychologists/psychiatrists (27%). There was underuse of published guidelines and limited understanding of the course of intestinal adaptation. Responses to the clinical scenarios highlighted disparities in SBS‐IF care delivery, including diagnosis, management goals, medications prescribed, and nutrition practices.

Conclusions

Future SBS‐IF educational interventions for HCPs should aim to improve awareness and understanding of the disease, facilitate timely diagnosis, and standardize management practices to ensure patients receive optimal interdisciplinary care as widely as possible.
Effects of glepaglutide, a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog, on intestinal morphology and perfusion in patients with short bowel syndrome: Findings from a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Naimi Rahim M. , Hvistendahl Mark K. , Poulsen Steen S. , Kissow Hannelouise , Pedersen Jens , Nerup Nikolaj A. , Ambrus Rikard , Achiam Michael P. , Svendsen Lars B. , Jeppesen Palle B.
Published: May 2022

Background

The proadaptive effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) include stimulation of intestinal mucosal growth as well as intestinal blood flow and angiogenesis. We have recently reported that daily subcutaneous injections of glepaglutide, a long‐acting GLP‐2 analog, improved intestinal absorptive function in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). As secondary and exploratory end points, the effects of glepaglutide on intestinal morphology and perfusion are reported.

Methods

The following assessments were done in 18 patients with SBS in a randomized, crossover, dose‐finding, phase 2 trial before and after three weeks of treatment with glepaglutide: plasma citrulline and mucosa biopsies to assess changes in (1) intestinal morphology by immunohistochemistry and (2) gene expressions associated with absorption, proliferation, and markers of tight‐junction integrity by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intestinal perfusion was assessed in stoma nipples by laser speckle contrast imaging and quantitative fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green.

Results

In the 1‐ and 10‐mg dose groups, glepaglutide significantly increased plasma citrulline by 15.3 µmol/L (P = 0.001) and 15.6 µmol/L (P = 0.001), respectively. Trends toward an increase in villus height, crypt depth, and epithelium height were seen in the same groups. No significant changes were seen in gene expressions or intestinal perfusion.

Conclusion

The increase in plasma citrulline and the morphological improvements may partly account for improvement in the intestinal absorptive function. However, the finding of a stability in perfusion after three weeks of treatment with glepaglutide may have been preceded by a more profound acute‐phase increase in intestinal perfusion at treatment initiation.
Phosphorus sorption characteristics as influenced by major soil units in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Lambano Befekadu G/Hanna , Beyene Sheleme , Abera Girma
Published: May 2022

Background

Limited soil nutrients in the soil are threat in crop production in Ethiopian soil. Low availability of phosphorus (P) is one amongst the most important crop yield‐limiting problems among the various reasons limiting P availability in tropical soils, P sorption is that the major one.

Aim

Therefore, this study was done to identify P sorption characteristics of andosols, vertisols, and nitisols in Tachegnawgimbicho, Taba, and DelboAtwaro study sites in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

Adsorption isotherms experiment was done using Langmuir and Freundlich models to spot the character of soils in their capability on P sorption and causation and to explain P sorption as influenced by the associated soil properties using SAS version 9.00.

Results

The P sorption maxima (Xm) of andosols, vertisols, and nitisols were found to be 965, 810, and 706 μg g−1, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH was negatively and significantly correlated with Xm (R2 = −0.88). The Langmuir affinity constant “k” was positively and significantly correlated (R2 = 0.981) with maximum phosphorus buffering capacity (MPBC) indicating bonding energy constant is a component of buffering capacity of soils. The Langmuir equation correlated significantly with P sorption maximum “b” and binding energy “k” indicating both parameters can be used for evaluating P sorption characteristics of the soils.

Conclusion

In this finding, the path analysis coefficient revealed that clay and pH had direct effects on P sorption parameters. Sorption capacity is high in andosols followed by nitisols and vertisols. Andosols require more P fertilizer to maintain optimum P concentration in soil solution for crop growth as compared with nitisols and vertisols.
Digital future of luxury brands: Metaverse, digital fashion, and non‐fungible tokens
Authors: Joy Annamma , Zhu Ying , Peña Camilo , Brouard Myriam
Published: May 2022

Leading luxury brands have incorporated technologies to recreate brand images and reinvent consumer experience. The fashion industry is experiencing a historic transformation thanks to emerging technologies such as blockchain and non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) along with impactful technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and virtual reality (VR). With metaverse as a new social platform around the corner, academics and industry alike are querying how these new technologies might reshape luxury brands, reinvent consumer experience, and alter consumer behavior. This research charts new academic territory by investigating how newly evolved technologies affect the fashion industry. With practical examples of luxury brands, this article has theorized the irreversible trend of digital fashion: the attraction of NFT collectibles. It then proposes intriguing questions for scholars and practitioners to ponder, such as will young consumers, essentially living online, buy more fashion products in the digital world than in the real world? How can the fashion industry strategize for the coexistence of digital collections and physical goods?
Targeted isolation of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from Saxifraga atrata and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Fang Yan , Dawa Yangzom , Wang Qilan , Lv Yue , Yu Wei , Li Gang , Dang Jun
Published: May 2022

Saxifraga atrata is an important traditional Tibetan medicine used to treat cough and pneumonia, and has tremendous medicinal potential. In this study, we devised a technique to separate 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from a methanol extract of S. atrata. The material was first processed using MCI GEL CHP20P medium‐pressure liquid chromatography, yielding 1.1 g of the target fraction Fr2. Subsequently, online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay was used to identify prospective 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors, and two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitor fractions (Fr24 and Fr25) were identified from Fr2. Then, medium‐pressure preparation was continued using an XIon column to separate two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitor fractions (Fr24 and Fr25). The target compound was concentrated in fractions Fr24 and Fr25 using reverse‐phase liquid chromatography during further separation procedures. Finally, the purity, structure, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity of the isolated 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors were determined. Two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors (adenosine with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 66.87 ± 14.33 μM and (‐)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐l‐threonic acid with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 59.06 ± 5.02 μM) were isolated with purities exceeding 95%. The results showed that this technology is effective in the targeted separation of antioxidants from natural products.
Exploring the optimal grazing intensity in desert steppe based on soil nematode community and function
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Han Chaowei , Huang Jing , Liu Ziying , Zhang Li , Zhang Guogang , Jia Meiqing , Li Xiaodan
Published: May 2022

Grazing is a key regulator of the biodiversity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia and has important ecological significance for the sustainable development of underground ecosystems. In a 14‐year grazing intensity experiment, we systematically explored the changes in soil nematode communities in desert steppe soils and comprehensively evaluated the optimal grazing intensity for the sustainability of the desert steppe underground ecosystem. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we analyzed the soil nematode communities and their relationships with environmental factors. The 14‐year grazing experiment revealed a significant impact on the diversity and composition of the soil nematode community in the surface layer (0–10 cm) and on the soil nematode community in the whole soil layer (0–20 cm). Based on LEfSe multilevel discriminant analysis, we found that the relative abundances of Acrobeles, Cephalobus, Filenchus, Aphelenchus, Longidorella, Amplimerlinius, Aporcelaimellus, Acrobeloides, Dorylaimellus, Hemicycliophora, Thonus, Alaimus, and Oxydirus changed significantly under different grazing treatments. Considering the number and function of soil nematode communities, long‐term light grazing was found to significantly promote an increase in soil nematode diversity and helped maintain soil nematode community stability. We determined that the most suitable grazing intensity for the sustainability of the soil underground ecosystem of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is light grazing (0.91 sheep hm‐2 0.5 yr‐1). We have, thus, provided a tool for determining and evaluating optimal grazing intensities for sustainable soil underground ecosystems.
Subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching strengthened soil organic carbon by altering saline soil aggregate structure and regulating the fungal community
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Pang Huancheng , Song Jiashen , Chang Fangdi , Wang Jing , Wang Xiquan , Zhang Yitao , Peixoto Leanne , Li Yuyi
Published: May 2022

Subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching is a novel strategy for saline soil improvement and utilization in China. However, little is known about how this strategy impacts soil organic carbon (SOC) both directly (carbon input) and indirectly (soil aggregates protection and microbial regulation). Therefore, a field experiment was arranged and sampled after 3 years, including four treatments, i.e., no ameliorant with and without polyethylene mulching, and subsurface (10–30 cm soil depth) organic ameliorant with and without polyethylene mulching. Subsurface organic ameliorant raised the SOC content in the 0–40 cm by 70% and 90% with and without mulching, respectively. Subsurface organic ameliorant converted the major aggregation size from <0.053 to 0.25–2 mm, indicating that both direct carbon (C) input and indirect soil aggregates protection contributed to the increase in SOC content. In contrast, polyethylene mulching reduced the SOC content by 16% and 6% with and without organic ameliorant respectively. This was due to lower fungal diversity by 9%–14% and supported by the positive effect from fungal diversity to SOC. Further, the subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching increased SOC by 61% through direct C input, indirect soil aggregates protection and microbial regulation. Meanwhile, the contribution of physical protection standardized total effect (STE) = 0.223–0.294] was higher than microbial regulation (STE = 0.040–0.162) according to a structural equation model. Consequently, subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching represents a feasible agricultural practice to increase the SOC content for saline soil amelioration.
Soil nutrient cycling and bacterial community structure in response to various green manures in a successive Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis) plantation
Authors: Qian Zhuangzhuang , Zhu Kongxin , Zhuang Shunyao , Tang Luozhong
Published: May 2022

Successive cultivation of short‐rotation eucalyptus plantations often cause serious decline in soil quality in China, which limits sustainable production. Green manure application is a potential strategy for improving soil fertility while ensuring ecological sustainability. Nevertheless, the impacts of various green manure species on soil quality in eucalyptus plantations remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated how soil nutrient cycling and bacterial communities respond to various green manure species (Legume and Gramineae), namely Tephrosia candida, Sesbania cannabina, Lolium perenne, and Pennisetum purpureum (PP). A batch experiment was conducted using eucalyptus plantation (E. urophylla × E. grandis) soil mixed with green manures for 60 days. According to the results, the PP treatment had the highest soil respiration rate among the five treatments, suggesting that PP application had the optimal effects on soil organic matter and residue decomposition. Furthermore, applying green manure increased bacterial diversity significantly when compared to CK (soil without green manure). Among the treatments, the PP treatment increased bacterial functional groups associated with the nitrogen cycle significantly, which result in rapid nutrient turnover. The rapid decomposition under PP may be responsible for the structural and functional changes in bacterial communities. Overall, the PP green manure is the optimal amendment for rapid nutrient supply in degraded eucalyptus plantations over the short term. Our results could facilitate sustainable management of successive eucalyptus plantations; nevertheless, extra investigations are needed to verify the long‐term impacts of PP green manure in the field.
Intergranular corrosion effect on fatigue behavior of dissimilar 6005A‐5083 aluminum alloys weld joints
Authors: Zhao Heng , Li Mengjia , Wang Xiangdong , Shi Yunjia , Chang Yongpeng , Zhang Guopeng , Cai Bin
Published: May 2022

The effects of the intergranular corrosion (IGC) defect depth on the high circle fatigue performance of tungsten inert gas (TIG)‐welded joints of 6005A–5083 dissimilar aluminum alloys were investigated. After soaking in different IGC solutions for 72 h, corrosion defects of different depths were generated in various areas of the specimen surfaces. It was found that the 5083 base metal exhibited the poorest corrosion resistance, while the welded metal displayed the best corrosion resistance. Fatigue tests carried out after precorrosion revealed that when the IGC depth was shallow, the weld defects on the weld metal were the main source of cracking for fatigue extension. However, when the IGC depth in the 5083 base metal was >248 μm, the corrosion defect acted as the origin of the fatigue crack, and the fatigue life of the sample was significantly reduced. This was attributed mainly to the local high‐stress field at the tip of the corrosion defect. Finally, a corrosion fatigue crack expansion model was established to analyze the influence of the corrosion defect depth on the fatigue lives of welded joints.
Impact of social norms and joint influences of social connection and self‐sufficiency motivations on prosocial budgeting
Authors: Lin Chien‐Wei (Wilson) , Desai Kalpesh
Published: May 2022

The current research reports results of seven studies that reveal how social norms information about people's spending on others makes one notice one's imbalanced (or lower) spending on others and feel unhappy about it. This motivates the consumer to undertake the corrective action of budgeting to spend more on others which then enhances happiness with her/his budgeting decision. These effects are stronger for time than for money and the mechanism underlying the corrective action is through the joint influences of social connection and self‐sufficiency motivations. Increasing saliency of the opportunity cost of time creates a boundary condition for the above effects and power in relationships moderates the imbalanced spending of time (vs. money) effect. These findings contribute to the literatures of social norms and time versus money by suggesting that social comparison can also influence prosocial budgeting to spend time and money on others. Managerially, peer‐to‐peer payment fintech companies, which have data about prosocial spending, can partner with restaurants and food delivery companies and with charitable institutions, to target messages to the customers of fintech companies urging them to use coupons to eat out with friends and to contribute to charitable causes.
Anion‐Doped Thickness‐Insensitive Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zixian , Tang Haoran , Feng Hexiang , Tan Ching‐Hong , Liang Youcai , Hu Zhicheng , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: May 2022

In organic solar cells, interfacial materials play essential roles in charge extraction, transportation, and collection. Currently, highly efficient and thickness‐insensitive interfacial materials are urgently needed in printable large area module devices. Herein, water/alcohol‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFNBT‐Br, with medium bandgap based on benzothiadiazole, are doped by two alkali metal sodium salts, NaH2PO2, Na2C2O4 with different counter anions, to pursue high efficiency and thickness‐insensitive electron‐transport layers. Results show that the doping of electron‐transport material can effectively promote the performance of the devices. Moreover, electron‐transport layers doped by these salts with different counter anions show different behaviors in performances. Among which, the salt with oxalate anion C2O42− (also named Ox2−) shows much better device performance than the salt with hypophosphite anion (H2PO2−), especially under the thick film condition (e.g., 50 nm). The greatly enhanced performances of interfacial material doped by Ox2− are due to reduced series resistance between the active layer material and the electrode, reduced dark‐current, improved charge transport, and extraction efficiency, and decreased charge recombination for the devices at thick‐film condition. These results demonstrated that n‐doping could be a great potential strategy for making thickness‐insensitive interfacial layers, besides, the performances can be further improved by carefully selecting salts.
Survival analyses from the CENTAUR trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Evaluating the impact of treatment crossover on outcomes
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Watkins Claire , Cawson Matthew , Hendrix Suzanne , Dickson Samuel P. , Knowlton Newman , Timmons Jamie , Manuel Machelle , Cudkowicz Merit
Published: May 2022

Introduction/Aims

Trials incorporating placebo‐to‐active treatment crossover are encouraged in fatal conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but may underestimate active treatment survival benefit. Here, we apply methods for modeling survival without crossover, including the rank‐preserving structural failure time model (RPSFTM), to data from the CENTAUR trial of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol (PB and TURSO) in ALS incorporating both randomized placebo‐controlled and open‐label extension (OLE) phases.

Methods

Intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and RPSFTM survival analyses were performed with final data at a July 2020 cutoff date. Analyses of subgroups based on randomized treatment and OLE phase participation were also performed.

Results

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of death for PB and TURSO versus participants initially on placebo were 0.57 (0.35–0.92) on ITT analysis and 0.39 (0.17–0.88) in the primary on‐treatment RPSFTM analysis (p = .023). Median ITT survival duration for PB and TURSO (25.8 mo) was 6.9 mo longer than placebo (18.9 mo) on ITT analysis and 10.6 mo longer than the median RPSFTM‐adjusted survival duration for placebo (15.2 mo). Median survival duration was 18.8 mo longer in the PB and TURSO–randomized subgroup who continued into the OLE phase versus the placebo‐randomized subgroup who did not continue into the OLE phase (p < .0001), although OLE phase selection bias may have potentially confounded these results.

Discussion

Similar to the prespecified ITT analysis, post hoc analyses adjusting for treatment crossover in CENTAUR showed a significant survival benefit for PB and TURSO. Such methods may provide clinical context for observed survival outcomes in future ALS crossover trials.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Targeted Supplemental Stocking Using a Multistate Capture–Recapture Model
Authors: Oliver Devon C. , Mann Ryan D. , Aymami Caitlyn G. , Avenetti Lorraine D.
Published: May 2022

Stocking is a management tool that provides fish directly to anglers and can partly address concerns over low catch rates. Although stocking is recognized as an effective management tool for addressing low catch rates, stocking fish represents a considerable investment. Stocking may not be a viable option if fish do not persist within targeted areas, are not accessible to anglers, or pose a potential risk to sensitive species. The goal of this study was to assess the survivorship, movement, and persistence of stocked Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT) within the walk-in section of Lees Ferry, Colorado River, Arizona, in order to evaluate the efficacy of targeted stocking for this fishery. To meet this goal, we used acoustic telemetry to monitor stocked trout and assess movement out of the management area. A multistate model was used to distill spatiotemporal telemetry data into a multinomial state response, the spatial zones of our study area, to evaluate the efficacy of targeted stocking. The estimated 3-month survival of RBT that remained within the walk-in section without transitioning was 37.3–68.1% based on the 95% confidence interval (CI). Persistence of RBT, which accounts for fish movement, within the walk-in section after 3 months was estimated to be 29.6–33.5% of the original stocked population. Three-month transition rates downstream out of the walk-in section (95% CI = 12.8–15.8%) were higher than upstream transition rates out of the walk-in section (95% CI = 7.7–10.0%). These findings suggest that targeted stocking can effectively supplement the fishery at the walk-in section of Lees Ferry based on the relatively high persistence of stocked RBT within the targeted area. However, managers will need to weigh stocking densities, transition probabilities, and catch rate goals to determine an acceptable level of risk to the native populations while addressing management goals.
Incorporating fingolimod through poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles in electrospun polyurethane/polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold: An in vitro study for nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Alipour Hamed , Alizadeh Aliakbar , Azarpira Negar , Saudi Ahmad , Alavi Omid , Tanideh Nader , Dehghani Farzaneh
Published: May 2022

Fingolimod as a useful drug in nerve regeneration is a promising candidate for promoting axonal regeneration by positively affecting neonatal and adult Schwann cells. Nerve tissue engineering show a novel practical approach by recruiting the scientific methods for creating neural extracellular matrix. In this study, fingolimod was incorporated in polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid and then, an electrospun scaffold composed of polyurethane (PU), polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin polymers containing different amount of encapsulated fingolimod (0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%) were fabricated. The morphology and microstructure of each scaffold were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties of scaffolds including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, water contact angle, and degradation test were evaluated. MTT assay and also SEM were utilized for the investigation of cell viability and adhesion. The results showed that the mean fiber diameter of scaffold was increased from 151 ± 31 to 243 ± 68 nm followed by increase of fingolimod. Young's modulus was showed all scaffold had in the expected range for nerve tissues. Cell viability assessment proved that PU/PCL/Gel/0.01% fingolimod had a higher cell survival among other groups. The results suggest that PU/PCL/gelatin scaffolds loading from 0.01 fingolimod can be a suitable candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration.