bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ventricular Morphology on Fiber Stress and Strain in Fontan Patients
Authors: Ghelani Sunil J. , Colan Steven D. , Azcue Nina , Keenan Ellen M. , Harrild David M. , Powell Andrew J. , Geva Tal , Rathod Rahul H.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Right ventricular (RV) morphology has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in Fontan patients. The impact of RV versus left ventricular morphology on ventricular stress and strain in single ventricles is not well known.

Methods and Results:

Cardiac magnetic resonance examinations in 193 patients with the Fontan circulation were retrospectively analyzed. Ventricular mass, volume, global circumferential and longitudinal strain, and global average end-systolic fiber stress were calculated using previously published methods. Compared with left ventricular morphology, RV morphology (48%) was associated with higher ventricular end-diastolic volume (110 mL/BSA
1.3
versus 84 mL/BSA
1.3
,
P
<0.001), lower mass-to-volume ratio (0.46 versus 0.57,
P
<0.001), higher global average end-systolic fiber stress (23 kPa versus 20 kPa,
P
=0.002), worse global circumferential strain (−21% versus −24%,
P
<0.001), and higher prevalence of greater than or equal to moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation (25% versus 6%,
P
<0.001). Ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were similar between the groups. Death or listing for heart transplantation occurred in 24 (12%) with a median follow-up of 6.2 years. On univariate analysis, RV morphology, ventricular dilatation, and worse global circumferential strain were associated with this composite outcome.

Conclusions:

In comparison to Fontan patients with a dominant left ventricle, those with a dominant RV have higher fiber stress, a higher rate of ventricular dilatation, lower circumferential fiber shortening, and similar longitudinal shortening. RV morphology, ventricular dilation, and worse circumferential strain are associated with death or heart transplantation. The difference in myofiber architecture may contribute to suboptimal adaptation of the RV as a systemic ventricle.
Ottoman Foundations of Turkish Typography: A Field Theory Approach
Authors: Özkal Özlem
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the formation of the field of typography in the Ottoman Empire from within a field-based perspective. By approaching typography as a strategic action field, it analyzes the typographic environment and its various actors from mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries according to the criteria of field formation. Through explicatory historical evidence, it demonstrates that the field of typography was in the process of formation in the late Ottoman period.
Designing for Participation: Dignity and Autonomy of Service (Part 2)
Authors: Kim Miso
Published: July 2018

This paper explores a conceptual framework for deepening our understanding of the social and ethical aspects of service, such as human dignity. A philosophical survey of this topic reveals that the basis of dignity is autonomy; however, current frameworks of service, which are often based on the logics of mass production and information control, generally attempt to control people rather than supporting their autonomous actions. As an alternative, I propose a framework of service based on the concept of participation, defined as the collective action of parts related to the whole for the purpose of achieving a shared goal.
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to Argument Structure
Authors: Bruening Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Some syntactic approaches to argument structure posit small clause constituents to represent what they take to be the semantics of the constructions being analyzed. For example, this approach would analyze a resultative construction like Martha hammered the metal flat as containing a small clause [the metal flat]. In the small clause analysis, the NP the metal is only an argument of the result state denoted by the small clause, and its referent is not part of the causal hammering event. Depictive secondary predicates show that this analysis is incorrect; the NP referent must be part of the verbal causing event. I show this for several constructions that have been analyzed as small clauses: resultatives, caused-motion constructions, verb-particle constructions, and double object constructions, among others. I also revisit arguments that have been presented in favor of small clause analyses (e.g., the argument from adverbial modification) and show that they do not actually favor small clause analyses. Domains of anaphora, in contrast, converge with depictives as a reliable diagnostic for small clauses, as actual small clauses always constitute opaque domains for anaphora.
Museum specimens indicate genetic erosion in an endangered lizard
Authors: Cornetti Luca , Girardi Matteo , Ghielmi Samuele , Vernesi Cristiano
Published: July 2018

Genetic variability, one of the main factors that guarantees species persistence, and species’ conservation status are generally evaluated with indices calculated at the present time. Natural history collections might help compare historical and current genetic diversity so to identify major trends. Here we analysed museum specimens of the lizard Zootoca vivipara carniolica, with a specific and stringent protocol for degraded DNA, in order to contrast its past and current genetic variability, using fragments of one mitochondrial DNA gene. Part of the distributional range of Z. v. carniolica (Po Plain, Italy), heavily impacted by human activities, was investigated. We found two previously unknown haplotypes in populations that are extinct today, suggesting the loss of these haplotypes and thus an overall shrinking of genetic variability. We argue that these results, together with the increasing threats posed by climate and land use changes, suggest that specific conservation measures for the persistence of Z. v. carniolica in Northern Italian lowlands have to be considered.
A contribution to the revision of Adorodocia Brenske (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Adoretini): a new peculiar species from Ankaratra, Madagascar
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY V. , MONTREUIL OLIVIER
Published: July 2018

The recently revised genus Adorodocia Brenske, 1893 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Adoretini), comprises 17 species, one of them represented by two subspecies (Montreuil & Frolov 2014). This genus forms, together with Paradorodocia Machatschke, 1957 (four species: Montreuil 2010), and Metadorodocia Machatschke, 1957 (two species: Akhmetova & Montreuil 2010), the subtribe Adorodociina Ohaus, 1912, endemic to Madagascar (Ohaus 1912). Representatives of this subtribe are characterized by a strong prominent prosternal apophyse. In addition, all the species of this subtribe have a rather large body and bear a few strong long hairs on the apical hump of the elytra and more or less strong scale-like setae distributed over the elytra.
New species and distribution notes of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) for the state of Acre and the Amazon basin, Brazil
Authors: MONNÉ MARCELA L. , MONNÉ MIGUEL A.
Published: July 2018

A new species, Unachlorus rafaeli sp. nov., is described from Brazil, state of Acre. Three species are newly recorded from Brazil: Penaherreraus guianensis (Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2003) from Roraima State, and Colobothea passerina Erichson, 1848 and Esthlogena (Esthlogena) albolineata (Breuning, 1940) from Amazonas State. Thirty-two species are new state records, 19 from Roraima, 10 from Amazonas and three from Acre.
Two new species of Bruchomyiinae (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Neotropical Region
Authors: JEŽEK JAN , OBOŇA JOZEF , PONT FRANÇOIS LE , MAES JEAN-MICHEL , MOLLINEDO SERGIO
Published: July 2018

Males of two Bruchomyiinae species were collected during fieldwork in Central and South America. Boreofairchildia belti Ježek, Oboňa & Le Pont sp. nov. and Notofairchildia motacuensis Ježek, Oboňa & Le Pont sp. nov. are described from a rain forerst site in Nicaragua and a rocky ridge site in Bolivia, respectively. Differential diagnoses are included, and important diagnostic characters illustrated.
Isolating the Effects of Moisture Entrainment on Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in an Aquaplanet GCM
Authors: Peatman Simon C. , Methven John , Woolnough Steven J.
Published: July 2018

The rate of humidity entrainment in the convective parameterization scheme in a general circulation model affects the simulation of convectively coupled waves. However, it is unclear whether this is caused directly by the effects of entrainment on waves or indirectly through associated impacts such as on the basic state. Therefore, using an aquaplanet model, we employ a novel framework in which we entrain a weighted average of the resolved humidity field and a prescribed zonally symmetric field, with the weighting controlled by a decoupling parameter. Hence, we can vary the entrainment rate of basic-state humidity independently of the entrainment of humidity perturbations, simultaneously minimizing changes in the basic state. Thus, we isolate the effect of moisture entrainment on the waves. Enhancing the entrainment rate increases spectral power over all zonal wavenumbers and frequencies, with an increase in the ratio of eastward-to-westward power. The Kelvin wave speed decreases as entrainment increases, which can be partially accounted for by an associated change in basic-state humidity. Increasing the decoupling parameter reduces spectral power in Kelvin waves relative to the background, with only long waves still prominent when entrainment is almost fully decoupled from the resolved moisture field, suggesting the wave structure in humidity is required for convection to organize into short-wave structures. For long waves, the increase in the ratio of eastward-to-westward power as entrainment rate increases cannot be explained by the changes in the coupling with the wave structure in humidity but is consistent with the changes in the basic state.
Impacts of Saharan Dust on Atlantic Regional Climate and Implications for Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Pan Bowen , Wang Yuan , Hu Jiaxi , Lin Yun , Hsieh Jen-Shan , Logan Timothy , Feng Xidan , Jiang Jonathan H. , Yung Yuk L. , Zhang Renyi
Published: July 2018

The radiative and microphysical properties of Saharan dust are believed to impact the Atlantic regional climate and tropical cyclones (TCs), but the detailed mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, atmosphere-only simulations are performed from 2002 to 2006 using the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5.1, with and without dust emission from the Sahara Desert. The Saharan dust exhibits noticeable impacts on the regional longwave and shortwave radiation, cloud formation, and the convective systems over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic. The African easterly jet and West African monsoon are modulated by dust, leading to northward shifts of the intertropical convergence zone and the TC genesis region. The dust events induce positive midlevel moisture and entropy deficit anomalies, enhancing the TC genesis. On the other hand, the increased vertical wind shear and decreased low-level vorticity and potential intensity by dust inhibit TC formation in the genesis region. The ventilation index shows a decrease in the intensification region and an increase in the genesis region by dust, corresponding to favorable and unfavorable TC activities, respectively. The comparison of nondust scenarios in 2005 and 2006 shows more favorable TC conditions in 2005 characterized by higher specific humidity and potential intensity, but lower ventilation index, wind shear, and entropy deficit. Those are attributable to the observed warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in 2005, in which dust effects can be embedded. Our results imply significant dust perturbations on the radiative budget, hydrological cycle, and large-scale environments relevant to TC activity over the Atlantic.
Systematic Climate Model Rainfall Biases over Southern Africa: Links to Moisture Circulation and Topography
Authors: Munday C. , Washington R.
Published: July 2018

An important challenge for climate science is to understand the regional circulation and rainfall response to global warming. Unfortunately, the climate models used to project future changes struggle to represent present-day rainfall and circulation, especially at a regional scale. This is the case in southern Africa, where models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) overestimate summer rainfall by as much as 300% compared to observations and tend to underestimate rainfall in Madagascar and the southwest Indian Ocean. In this paper, we explore the climate processes associated with the rainfall bias, with the aim of assessing the reliability of the CMIP5 ensemble and highlighting important areas for model development. We find that the high precipitation rates in models that are wet over southern Africa are associated with an anomalous northeasterly moisture transport (~10–30 g kg−1 s−1) that penetrates across the high topography of Tanzania and Malawi and into subtropical southern Africa. This transport occurs in preference to a southeasterly recurvature toward Madagascar that is seen in drier models and reanalysis data. We demonstrate that topographically related model biases in low-level flow are important for explaining the intermodel spread in rainfall; wetter models have a reduced tendency to block the oncoming northeasterly flow compared to dry models. The differences in low-level flow among models are related to upstream wind speed and model representation of topography, both of which should be foci for model development.
Annual River Runoff Variations and Trends for the Andes Cordillera
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Yde Jacob C. , Casassa Gino
Published: July 2018

We analyzed modeled river runoff variations west of the Andes Cordillera’s continental divide for 1979/80–2013/14 (35 years). Our foci were annual runoff conditions, runoff origins (rain, snowmelt, and glacier ice), and runoff spatiotemporal variability. Low and high runoff conditions were defined as occurrences that fall outside the 10th (low values) and 90th (high values) percentile values of the period of record. SnowModel and HydroFlow modeling tools were used at 4-km horizontal grid increments and 3-h time intervals. NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) datasets were used as atmospheric forcing. This modeling system includes evaporation and sublimation from snow-covered surfaces, but it does not take into account evapotranspiration from bare and vegetation-covered soils and from river and lake surfaces. In general for the Andes Cordillera, the simulated runoff decreased before 1997 and increased afterward. This could be due to a model precipitation artifact in the MERRA forcing. If so, this artifact would influence the number of years with low runoff values, which decreased over time, while the number of high runoff values increased over time. For latitudes south of ~40°S, both the greatest decrease in the number of low runoff values and the greatest increase in high runoff values occurred. High runoff values averaged 84% and 58% higher than low values for nonglacierized and glacierized catchments, respectively. Furthermore, for glacierized catchments, 61% and 62% of the runoff originated from rain-derived runoff during low and high runoff extreme years, respectively; 28% and 30% from snowmelt-derived runoff; and 11% and 8% from glacier-ice-melt-derived runoff. As the results could be MERRA dependent, more work with other precipitation forcings and/or in situ measurements is needed to assess whether these are real runoff behaviors or artifacts.
Observed Transport Variations in the Maluku Channel of the Indonesian Seas Associated with Western Boundary Current Changes
Authors: Yuan Dongliang , Li Xiang , Wang Zheng , Li Yao , Wang Jing , Yang Ya , Hu Xiaoyue , Tan Shuwen , Zhou Hui , Wardana Adhitya Kusuma , Surinati Dewi , Purwandana Adi , Azis Ismail Mochamad Furqon , Avianto Praditya , Dirhamsyah Dirham , Arifin Zainal , Storch Jin-Song von
Published: July 2018

The Maluku Channel is a major opening of the eastern Indonesian Seas to the western Pacific Ocean, the upper-ocean currents of which have rarely been observed historically. During December 2012–November 2016, long time series of the upper Maluku Channel transport are measured successfully for the first time using subsurface oceanic moorings. The measurements show significant intraseasonal-to-interannual variability of over 14 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the upper 300 m or so, with a mean transport of 1.04–1.31 Sv northward and a significant southward interannual change of over 3.5 Sv in the spring of 2014. Coincident with the interannual transport change is the Mindanao Current, choked at the entrance of the Indonesian Seas, which is significantly different from its climatological retroflection in fall–winter. A high-resolution numerical simulation suggests that the variations of the Maluku Channel currents are associated with the shifting of the Mindanao Current retroflection. It is suggested that the shifting of the Mindanao Current outside the Sulawesi Sea in the spring of 2014 elevates the sea level at the entrance of the Indonesian Seas, which drives the anomalous transport through the Maluku Channel. The results suggest the importance of the western boundary current nonlinearity in driving the transport variability of the Indonesian Throughflow.
Observations of Wind Forcing Effects on Estuary Length and Salinity Flux in a River-Dominated, Microtidal Estuary, Mobile Bay, Alabama
Authors: Coogan Jeffrey , Dzwonkowski Brian
Published: July 2018

Using long-term records (~11 years) of salinity and 390 days of ADCP data, aspects of the estuary length and salinity flux were evaluated in Mobile Bay under a range of river discharge, tidal, and wind conditions. The temporal variability in the salinity structure was represented by the estuary length and showed a relationship of with respect to river forcing, similar to values reported in San Francisco Bay and Delaware Bay. Local wind forcing was observed to play a role in modifying this relationship, in which estuary length responded asymmetrically to along-channel winds with up-estuary winds, reducing the estuary length. To further explore potential salinity transport changes associated with the wind, a 1D salinity flux was calculated using the ADCP and salinity profile data. River discharge was the main forcing condition driving seasonal changes in salinity flux. At shorter time scales, the wind became a dominant forcing condition and drove large changes in the salinity flux during low-discharge periods. At all discharge levels, down-estuary wind conditions enhanced the shear and subtidal exchange. During up-estuary wind conditions, the two-layer flow was inhibited and reduced the exchange. These results indicate that in a shallow microtidal system, wind can play a large role in modifying the estuary length on scales comparable to the spring–neap changes observed in other systems.
Statistical Tropical Cyclone Wind Radii Prediction Using Climatology and Persistence: Updates for the Western North Pacific
Authors: Knaff John A. , Sampson Charles R. , Musgrave Kate D.
Published: July 2018

This note describes an updated tropical cyclone vortex climatology for the western North Pacific version of the operational wind radii climatology and persistence (i.e., CLIPER) model. The update addresses known shortcomings of the existing formulation, namely, that the wind radii used to develop the original model were too small and symmetric. The underlying formulation of the CLIPER model has not changed, but the larger and more realistic vortex climatology produces improved forecast biases. Other applications that make use of the vortex climatology and CLIPER model forecasts should also benefit from the bias improvements.
Cultural globalization on the printed page: Stability and change in the proportion of foreign cultural products in European quality newspapers, 1960–2010
Authors: Lauronen Tina , Heikkilä Riie , Purhonen Semi
Published: July 2018

To bring empirical scrutiny to the often very general and theory-driven debates on cultural globalization and to broaden the geographical scope of previous studies on the topic, this paper presents an analysis of the changes in the relative weight of national and global culture in the culture sections of quality European newspapers from 1960 to 2010. Through content analysis of newspaper articles, the paper examines how the composition of geographical origin of the cultural products discussed has changed over a half-century. The paper asks whether globalizing trends exist in newspaper coverage of culture or whether coverage of national culture remains dominant; to what degree is there variation, based on the art form discussed; and whether newspapers embedded in their national contexts differ from each other in these respects. The results show only a moderate increase in coverage of global products. However, clear trends were found that are associated with both the geographical origin of cultural products and the art forms discussed in the articles, highlighting that post-1960s cultural globalization is best understood as being intertwined with the rise of popular culture and the corresponding decline of traditional – and very European – highbrow culture.
Dissonance Between the “International” and the Conservative “National”: Challenges Facing School Leaders in International Schools in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hammad Waheed , Shah Saeeda
Published: July 2018

Purpose: This article seeks to investigate the leadership challenges in international schools in one region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It particularly examines the dissonance between the more liberal approaches to education prevalent in international schools and the conservative nature of those observed in the Saudi context, unveiling the challenges that this posed for school leaders. Research Methodology: In view of the sensitive and complex nature of the study, it was designed as an exploratory study located within qualitative paradigm, using interviewing for data generation. Individual, semistructured interviews were undertaken with 10 senior leaders from five international schools located in Al-Ahsa Governorate in KSA. Findings: The study highlighted a number of complex challenges faced by international school leaders in KSA mainly linked to issues such as sex segregation, Saudization, and parental expectations. The study also unveiled two coping strategies developed by school leaders—namely, compliance and circumvention. Implications for Research and Practice: The findings of this interesting study will have implications for both research and practice. By venturing into this underexplored and sensitive area, the study not only seeks to develop an empirical picture of leadership practices and challenges in international schools in KSA but also stresses the need for further research to gain insight into cross-cultural complexities. Moreover, highlighting the impact of cultural dissonance on leadership practices will be useful for both the practicing and the future leaders of international schools not only in KSA but in other parts of the world too.
Rare earth-doped lead titanate zirconate grown on carbon fibers by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Silva Ricardo M , Noremberg Bruno S , Santana Luiza R , Alano José H , Marins Natália H , Maron Guilherme K , Łukowiec Dariusz , Staszuk Marcin , Tanski Tomasz , Carreño Neftali LV
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to develop a flexible carbon fiber/oxide layer coating composite with improved electrical properties for use in electronic devices. For this, lead titanate zirconate, cerium-doped lead titanate zirconate, and yttrium-doped lead titanate zirconate were grown on carbon fibers via microwaves-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The performed synthesis presented advantages when compared to conventional routes used in nanoparticles obtention since it allows the morphological control even at low temperatures. Carbon fiber was selected as substrates due to their thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, chemical characteristics that allow the creation of functional groups on their surface, and good microwave radiation absorption. The composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical evaluations were made by four-point probe method, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The syntheses were successful and the carbon fiber coated with lead zirconate titanate had promissory results, with a boost in the electrical conductivity and better capacitance behavior when compared to the undoped carbon fiber, showing to be a good alternative for applications in electrical devices.
General solution of stress field in exponential functionally graded material plates containing a quasi-rectangular cutout
Authors: Jafari Mohammad , Bayati Chaleshtari Mohammad Hossein , Abdolalian Hamid
Published: July 2018

In this paper, using an analytic technique based on complex variable method, the stress resultants and moments in infinite functionally graded plates with rectangular cutout under uniaxial tensile load are investigated. The mechanical properties of the functionally graded plate are assumed to change exponentially. The effect of different parameters such as cutout orientation, aspect ratio of the cutout, and cutout corner curvature on the distribution of stress resultants and moments is investigated. To verify the accuracy of the presented analytical method, its results are compared with the numerical results obtained from finite element modeling in ABAQUS. The comparisons demonstrate a good level of agreement between the obtained numerical and analytical results. According to the results, the above parameters have a significant impact on the distribution of stress resultants and moments around the cutout, and the load-bearing capacity of the functionally graded plates with cutouts can be improved by careful selection of these parameters.
Perceived Parental Remote Acculturation Gaps Among Divorced Coparents and Children’s Adjustment in Turkey
Authors: Giray Cagla , Ferguson Gail M.
Published: July 2018

The possibility of differential remote acculturation to a distant culture is yet another chasm that divorced coparents must bridge as they raise their children in globalizing urban settings. This study explored the association between parental remote acculturation and perceived parental remote acculturation gaps in two acculturation domains (behavior, identity), in relation to children’s adjustment in Turkish divorced families. Altogether, 177 urban divorced mothers in Turkey reported their own and their ex-partners’ remote acculturation to U.S. and Turkish cultures, and their joint children’s internalizing (social withdrawal, anxiety) and externalizing (aggression) behaviors. Perceived remote acculturation gaps were operationalized with match:mismatch and interaction methods. Sequential regression analyses accounting for parental conflict resolution revealed that mothers’ perceptions of fathers’ American identity was positively associated with children’s social withdrawal. Regarding perceived acculturation gaps, one particular cross-dimension pairing—strongly U.S.-identified “AmeriTurk” mothers paired with strongly Turkish-identified fathers—predicted lower internalizing problems. Although having an Americanized father might confer some risk for children in divorced families in Turkey, having an “AmeriTurk” mother and traditional Turkish father may be protective, suggesting the benefit of integration as a family-level remote acculturation strategy. Taken together, parental remote acculturation and perceived remote acculturation gaps in identity (not behavior) predicted the socioemotional (not behavioral) adjustment of children above and beyond parental discord. Findings highlight the family repercussions of remote acculturation in Eurasia, underscore the importance of multidomain acculturation measurement, confirm the superior sensitivity of the interaction method, and extend its application to assessing cross-dimension pairings as a new type of acculturation gap.
Flexible model specification and application for service-oriented software
Authors: Sun Fuyu , Zhou Jianping , Guo Shuai , Li Yi
Published: July 2018

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has gained considerable popularity for the development of large-scale distributed software systems. The SOA paradigm promotes the reusability and integrability of software in heterogeneous environments by means of open standards. The existing problem is that every service-oriented software development project often requires a customized development process that provides specific service-oriented software in support of requirements unique to that project. To resolve this problem, this study proposes universal service-oriented software (USOS). USOS focuses on the general simulation technology and integrates many features, which are necessary to build a correct and efficient simulation system. It is aimed at providing a professional environment to reduce the cost of modeling as well as the execution time of the simulation for multi-type models. USOS supports many advanced features such as dynamic model template generation, multi-formalism model debugging, flexible model-driven application, etc. Developers may use USOS as an open framework to build, store, and verify models very efficiently. Based on USOS, we have developed a large-scale parallel simulation platform called SIM, which is oriented to test parallel and distributed architectures, and applications in the aerospace domain. This study introduces the distinctive features of USOS for practical implementation of SIM and validates the performance by a prototype system simulation.
Inter-generational housing inequalities: ‘Baby Boomers’ versus the ‘Millennials’
Authors: Hoolachan Jennifer , McKee Kim
Published: July 2018

In contrast to the post-war period, the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the UK have been characterised by the advancement of neoliberal policies including privatisation of the housing system and employment casualisation. Consequently, there are growing socioeconomic inequalities between those born in the post-war period – the ‘Baby Boomers’ – and the younger generation – the ‘Millennials’. Such inequalities have led to narratives of inter-generational conflict with Baby Boomers framed as jeopardising the futures of Millennials. Drawing on Mannheim’s theory of social generations, the concept of generational habitus and qualitative data from 49 Baby Boomers and 62 Millennials, we unpack the ways in which inter-generational inequalities are intersubjectively understood and discussed. Our data indicate that while young people are aware of inter-generational inequalities, they do not feel resentful towards their parents’ generation for profiting at their expense. Instead, many blame the government for not representing their interests. Thus, narratives of inter-generational conflict misleadingly direct blame towards the agency of Baby Boomers rather than political structures.
Job Satisfaction Among Federal Employees: The Role of Employee Interaction With Work Environment
Authors: Wang Tae Kyu , Brower Ralph
Published: July 2018

U.S. federal agencies seek ways to retain valued workers and simultaneously recruit new blood. By focusing on compatibilities between federal employees and work environments, this study incorporates person–environment fit theory and tests the impact of three compatibilities on job satisfaction of federal civil servants based on the 2015 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. Results show that perceived compatibilities between federal employees and their jobs, work group, and supervisors have significant effects on job satisfaction among federal civil servants. Based on these results, we argue that interactional perspectives offer a useful additional theoretical framework for understanding employee job satisfaction.
Communication Infrastructure, Migrant Community Engagement, and Integrative Adaptation of Korean Chinese Migrants in Seoul
Authors: Kim Eujong , Kim Yong-Chan
Published: July 2018

This study aims to shed light on how civically oriented community communication and active engagement in local migrant communities—defined in this study as geographical communities built on online and offline social networks and dynamic, multimodal interactions among migrants—affect effective adaptation of migrants. This inquiry is theoretically guided by communication infrastructure theory (CIT). This study is based on face-to-face interviews with 506 Korean Chinese migrants who live in Seoul. We conducted structural equation model to test a hypothetical model. The model testing result imply that active engagement in a local migrant community for collective problem-solving based on civically oriented community storytelling would facilitate, not mitigate, integrative adaptation among the Korean Chinese in Seoul.
A comprehensive study of online event tracking algorithms in social networks
Authors: Seifikar Mahsa , Farzi Saeed
Published: July 2018

Recently, social networks have provided an important platform to detect trends of real-world events. The trends of real-world events are detected by analysing flow of massive bulks of data in continuous time steps over various social media platforms. Today, many researchers have been interested in detecting social network trends, in order to analyse the gathered information for enabling users and organisations to satisfy their information need. This article is aimed at complete surveying the recent text-based trend detection approaches, which have been studied from three perspectives (algorithms, dimension and diversity of events). The advantages and disadvantages of the considered approaches have also been paraphrased separately to illustrate a comprehensive view of the previous works and open problems.
Immunohistochemistry in Investigative and Toxicologic Pathology
Authors: Janardhan Kyathanahalli S. , Jensen Heather , Clayton Natasha P. , Herbert Ronald A.
Published: July 2018

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool in pathology. This review provides a brief description of the technical aspects of IHC and a detailed discussion on the variables that affect the results, interpretation, and reproducibility of IHC results. Lists of antibodies that have and have not worked in IHC on various mouse and rat tissues in our laboratory are provided as a guidance for selection of antibodies. An approach to IHC method optimization is presented. Finally, the critical information that should be included as a part of peer-reviewed manuscript is also discussed.
The Plication Technique to Enhance the Endoscopic Approach to Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Ching Harry H. , Kahane Jacob B. , Reeve Nathaniel H. , Wang Robert C.
Published: July 2018

Endoscopic stapler approaches to Zenker's diverticulum often yield a persistent diverticulum and recurrent dysphagia up to 20%. A novel technique to reduce the postoperative diverticulum is described. Eight consecutive patients with Zenker's diverticulum who underwent endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy had adjunctive endoscopic plication of the diverticulum wall to functionally reduce the residual diverticulum size. On postoperative esophagram, there was no visible diverticulum in 4 of 7 patients (57%). The remaining 3 patients had a reduction in common wall of 76%, 50%, and 40% with a mean postoperative size of 1.0 cm. All patients had resolution or significant improvement in dysphagia. There were no complications or recurrences at a mean follow‐up of 6.3 months. As an adjunct to endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum, the plication technique can reduce diverticulum size. Further studies will determine if the plication technique affects long‐term recurrence of endoscopic stapler approaches.
Evaluation of reproducibility in MRI quantitative volumetric assessment and its role in the prediction of overall survival and progression-free survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Blomstergren Adam , Rydelius Anna , Abul-Kasim Kasim , Lätt Jimmy , Sundgren Pia C , Bengzon Johan
Published: July 2018

Background

Residual tumor volume (RTV) and extent of resection (EOR) have previously been shown to affect survival in glioblastoma (GB) patients. Quantitative radiological assessment (QRA) of these factors could potentially affect clinical decision-making in the postoperative period.

Purpose

The first aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of different volume estimation methods of RTV and EOR by comparing QRA with subjective visual estimation and with objective volume estimations. The second aim was to clarify whether QRA of RTV and EOR would provide accuracy in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in GB patients.

Material and Methods

Seventy GB patients were studied retrospectively. Reproducibility of QRA was compared to conventional visual analysis. Intra-rater agreement between two repeated measurements of 25 patients was calculated. QRA for RTV and EOR was made for the entire study population. Survival analysis was performed by multivariate cox-regression analysis.

Results

QRA of RTV and EOR gave superior intra-rater agreement compared to subjective evaluation. Multivariate survival analysis showed prognostic significance on 18 months PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44, P = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.42, P = 0.012) at RTV < 1.6 mL and with EOR > 96% on PFS (HR = 2.152, P = 0.005) but not on OS (HR = 1.92, P = 0.053).

Conclusion

QRA of tumor volumes is more robust compared to standard evaluation methods. Since EOR and RTV are correlated to the prognosis in GB, quantitative analysis of tumor volumes could aid decision-making and patient management postoperatively.
Double simultaneous intussusception caused by Meckel’s diverticulum and intestinal duplication in a child
Authors: Yu Mingming , Fang Zhihong , Shen Jun , Zhu Xiaomin , Wang Dafeng , Shi Yingzuo
Published: July 2018

Intussusception is common in children. Double simultaneous intussusception is a peculiar variety of intussusception with only 14 previously reported cases. We report a unique case of a child who suffered from double simultaneous intussusception with two lead points (Meckel’s diverticulum and intestinal duplication). The patient was successfully treated with manual reduction along with resection of Meckel’s diverticulum and intestinal duplication. The child recovered well.
Chronic heart failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: prevalence, clinical features, and relevance
Authors: Zhang Zichuan , Wang Peize , Guo Fei , Liu Xinmin , Luo Taiyang , Guan Yang , Chen Hui , Wang Zhanhong , Zhao L , Ma Xiaohai , Lv Qiang , Zhang Yin , Kang Junping , Liu Tong , Liu Xiaohui , Dong Jian-Zeng , Bai Rong
Published: July 2018

Objective

This study was performed to assess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) and compare the clinical features with those of patients without NAFL.

Methods

In total, 102 patients with CHF were divided into NAFL and non-NAFL groups according to their hepatic ultrasonography findings. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance examination. Follow-up was performed for major cardiovascular events (MACE) and readmission due to heart failure at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the index hospitalization.

Results

NAFL was detected in 37 of 102 patients (36.27%). Compared with the non-NAFL group, patients with NAFL were younger, had a higher body mass index and left ventricular (LV) mass index, and had more severe fibrosis. MACE and readmission occurred in 15 patients in the NAFL group and 29 patients in the non-NAFL group, without a significant difference. Linear regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounders, NAFL was independently associated with the LV fibrosis size and the ratio of the LV fibrosis size to the LV mass index.

Conclusions

NAFL is present in more than one-third of patients with CHF and is associated with the severity of LV fibrosis.
Dissonance between formal and informal housing capital: The case of Korea
Authors: Kim Jihwan
Published: July 2018

This study develops a new way to analyze the evolving dynamics of wealth concentration in the Global South, where indigenous norms and institutions play a crucial role in accumulating wealth. The study particularly focuses on the unique development of the Korean housing finance system: its development path can be characterized as the history of challenges, which refer to forces that have hindered the accumulation of wealth, and responses, which refer to counteractions that seek alternative modes of wealth accumulation. On the basis of such structural dissonance, this study situates how the reconstitution of housing capital discriminatorily reconstructs households’ resilience against economic and social insecurity to maintain and/or pursue homeownership. These findings explicitly contradict contemporary theories of financial intermediation that financial market reform that accompanies new products and services, lower interest rates, and greater liquidity substantially motivates households to purchase real estate. Rather, financial globalization increases inequalities in wealth that are set in motion through the tension between formal and informal housing capital by creating junctions that transfer risk and uncertainty in the financial market onto individuals.
Brain structure and function related to headache: Brainstem structure and function in headache
Authors: Vila-Pueyo Marta , Hoffmann Jan , Romero-Reyes Marcela , Akerman Simon
Published: July 2018

Objective

To review and discuss the literature relevant to the role of brainstem structure and function in headache.

Background

Primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache, are considered disorders of the brain. As well as head-related pain, these headache disorders are also associated with other neurological symptoms, such as those related to sensory, homeostatic, autonomic, cognitive and affective processing that can all occur before, during or even after headache has ceased. Many imaging studies demonstrate activation in brainstem areas that appear specifically associated with headache disorders, especially migraine, which may be related to the mechanisms of many of these symptoms. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which demonstrate that modulation of specific brainstem nuclei alters sensory processing relevant to these symptoms, including headache, cranial autonomic responses and homeostatic mechanisms.

Review focus

This review will specifically focus on the role of brainstem structures relevant to primary headaches, including medullary, pontine, and midbrain, and describe their functional role and how they relate to mechanisms of primary headaches, especially migraine.
Exploring the Relationship between Electroencephalography (EEG) and Ordinary Driving Behavior: A Simulated Driving Study
Authors: Yang Liu , He Zhengbing , Guan Wei , Jiang Shixiong
Published: July 2018

Driving behavior studies based on electroencephalography (EEG) have mostly investigated the relationship between various risky driving behaviors and brain activity, while only a few studies have discussed the relationship between ordinary driving behavior (drivers’ behavior in normal situations) and brain activity. To bridge the gap, we conducted a driving simulator experiment to collect data on ordinary driving behavior, including acceleration, space headway, speed, time headway, lane deviation, and amplitude of steering wheel movements. At the same time, the amplitude, log-transformed power (LTP), and power spectral density of EEG were extracted as EEG features. The quantitative relationships between ordinary driving behavior features and EEG features were investigated, where power spectrum analysis was performed to process EEG signals and Pearson correlation analysis was utilized for statistical analysis. The results indicated that ordinary driving behavior relates to all four brain regions, especially the temporal, occipital, and frontal regions. β-LTP was found to be most relevant to ordinary driving behavior. Furthermore, acceleration, speed, and space headway may have potential correlation with EEG features (e.g., β-LTP). These findings improve our understanding of the correlation between brain activity and driving behavior, and show potential for application in transportation safety, such as advanced driver assistance systems design.
Proposal of indicators for healthcare waste management: Case of a Brazilian public institution
Authors: Barbosa Fabiana Cristina Lima , Mol Marcos Paulo Gomes
Published: July 2018

Healthcare waste (HCW) management represents a big challenge for managers around the world. Segregation is a fundamental action to allow the risk management inherent to each type of wastes. HCW indicators may favour the understanding of the waste management system status. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the HCW indicators applied in a Brazilian public institution, seeking to improve the management system and suggesting methods of applying this tool as an alternative of continuous improvement to the management process. Wastes were weighed every trimester for seven consecutive days, between of 2012 to 2017. The data represent daily, monthly and quarterly averages of the waste generated. Group B (chemical) and Group E (sharps) indicators had statistical non-significant data, suggesting very distant results from the stipulated goal. The generation rate was 355.3–500.7 kg.day−1 including all types of waste. Considering the approximate values of the non-infected wastes, which may be discarded in a landfill, the percentage represents about 75% of all HCW generated. The other 25% need to be treated at cost of $US0.76kg−1. An effectively dangerous portion of the infectious waste would be approximately 6%. Failures in segregation could represent, in addition to the health risks, unnecessary expenses of the generating establishments. HCW indicators have good potential to provide adequate risk management in health service environments.
Experimental and micromechanical modeling of fracture toughness: MWCNT-reinforced polypropylene/glass fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Rasana Nanoth , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna
Published: July 2018

In this study, polypropylene-based nano and hybrid composites are prepared with 20 wt% glass fiber and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) ranging up to 5 wt%. The multiaxial stress fields developed during external loading of composites cause crack propagation by various fracture mechanisms. Among the nanocomposites, it is observed that the critical stress intensity factor (KI) is highest for the one prepared at 3 wt% loading of MWCNTs. The synergistic effect of multiscale fillers in hybrid composite with MWCNT content of 3 wt% results in superior fracture toughness properties as evidenced by 16.6% increase in KI with respect to neat PP. Analytical expressions that take into account the fracture mechanisms like particle debonding and matrix yielding are employed to estimate the composite crack resistance and then compared with experimentally obtained fracture toughness properties. The fracture toughness properties are found to be dependent on composition of fillers, matrix yield strain, and debonding strain of the composites.