bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture et renouveau urbain dans les territoires post-industriels du Nord de l’Angleterre (Culture and urban renewal in post-industrial territories ofNorthen England)
Authors: Bailoni Mark
Published: June 2016

Le développement du secteur culturel, souvent associé à la mise en valeur et à la promotion du patrimoine local, est devenu un élément moteur du renouveau physique mais aussi social de nombreuses villes britanniques. A travers l’exemple du Nord de l’Angleterre, cet article entend montrer en quoi un modèle de renouveau urbain a été créé et comment la promotion culturelle est devenue un élément clé du renouveau économique, politique et social des territoires post-industriels britanniques. Ce type de renouveau urbain s’est présenté au départ comme original et exemplaire, toutefois, on perçoit aujourd’hui ses limites, notamment à cause de la multiplication de projets quasiment similaires d’une ville à l’autre. En revanche, le second souffle dans ces opérations de renouveau urbain, perceptible depuis quelques années avec la mise en place des nouvelles pratiques dans l’aménagement, pourrait permettre de faire émerger un nouveau modèle de quartier post-industriel, en lien avec d’autres préoccupations et concepts contemporains tels que «l’aménagement durable » .
SOCIO-ECO-EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAYS: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: TATARI Omer , EGILMEZ Gokhan , KURMAPU Dhruva
Published: June 2016

To ensure the large network of highways is performing sustainably, there is a dire need to quantify sustain­ability for highways. In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) based mathematical model is developed to evalu­ate sustainability in an attempt to aid these efforts. Sustainability goals pertaining to the three dimensions of sustain­ability, social, economic and environmental, were utilized. Utilizing the developed model, sustainability scores of thirty highway sections were calculated and ranked accordingly. Percent improvement analysis was carried out to gain more insight. In addition, sensitivity analysis was carried out to understand how different values of input parameters impacted the socio-eco-efficiency of each highway section. The aim of the study was to show that DEA based sustainability as­sessment model could be used to evaluate highways and assist in strategic planning goals of transportation agencies. Results indicated that 22% to 47% reductions are required to be achieved on negative social and environmental impacts for the inefficiency highway sections to be 100% efficient while keeping the economic indicators the same.
INTEGRATING SAFETY CULTURE INTO OSH RISK MITIGATION: A PILOT STUDY ON THE ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Authors: ZHAO Dong , MCCOY Andrew , KLEINER Brian , FENG Yingbin
Published: June 2016

Efforts have been taken for years to minimize the occupational safety and health (OSH) risk, but the injury records remain a constant reason for worldwide concerns. Many firms often implement technology as an administrative hierarchy of control (HOC). However, technologies may also actively influence safe practices at the managerial level for administrative HOC. This research examines electrical safety hazards in the U.S. construction industry as a basis for, studying the feasibility of using technology to integrate safety culture into the administrative level of OSH risk mitiga­tion. The researchers introduce the concept of “habitus”, which suggests one possibility for establishing a safety culture that increases workers’ safety performance and integrates into workers’ safety practices through cutting-edge information technology. A prototype application for OSH training based on mobile virtual reality (MVR) technology is demonstrated to help establish habitus in workers’ daily practices, and ultimately to mitigate OSH risks at the administrative level of construction projects. Results from a preliminary validation test strongly support human behavior influence and safe work knowledge comprehension by the prototyped application. Although this prototype is demonstrated as a pilot study of electrical safety, the application is not limited to this area and is scalable to other OSH risks.
INCREASING THE BUSINESS POTENTIAL OF COMPANIES BY ENSURING CONTINUITY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR INFORMATION SYSTEMS BY CURRENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: TVRDÍKOVÁ Milena
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with applications of information and communication technologies in the management of companies and institutions. It also focuses on Competitive Intelligence and Business Intelligence and the description of their position in business management. The paper presents current trends in information and communication technologies with emphasis on the use of virtualization and Cloud Computing technologies. The author discusses the importance of Cloud Computing to maintain the continuity of information system of enterprises with low financial impact, thereby increasing its stability. Theoretical framework and literature support the assumption that information and communication technologies are essential for the competitiveness of small and mediumsized enterprises. Discussed are factors that affect management and use of information and communication technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular the use of cloud computing. Based on the results obtained from a questionnaire survey carried out in the Czech Republic, the author proposed methodological recommendations to facilitate the transition to cloud computing.
CHANG-ES. VII. MAGNETIC OUTFLOWS FROM THE VIRGO CLUSTER GALAXY NGC 4388
Authors: Damas-Segovia A. , Beck R. , Vollmer B. , Wiegert T. , Krause M. , Irwin J. , Weżgowiec M. , Li J. , Dettmar R-J. , English J. , Wang Q. D.
Published: June 2016

We investigate the effects of ram pressure on the ordered magnetic field of a galaxy hosting a radio halo and strong nuclear outflows. New radio images in total and polarized intensity of the edge-on Virgo galaxy NGC 4388 were obtained within the CHANG-ES EVLA project. The unprecedented noise level reached allows us to detect striking new features of the ordered magnetic field. The nuclear outflow extends far into the halo to about 5 kpc from the center and is spatially correlated with the

and X-ray emission. For the first time, the southern outflow is detected. Above and below both spiral arms we find extended blobs of polarized emission with an ordered field oriented perpendicular to the disk. The synchrotron lifetime of the cosmic-ray electrons (CREs) in these regions yields a mean outflow velocity of

, in agreement with a galactic wind scenario. The observed symmetry of the polarized halo features in NGC 4388 excludes a compression of the halo gas by the ram pressure of the intracluster medium (ICM). The assumption of equilibrium between the halo pressure and the ICM ram pressure yields an estimate of the ICM density that is consistent with both the ICM density derived from X-ray observations and the recent Planck Sunyaev–Zel’dovich measurements. The detection of a faint radio halo around cluster galaxies could thus be used for an estimate of ICM ram pressure.
LOCAL SIMULATIONS OF INSTABILITIES DRIVEN BY COMPOSITION GRADIENTS IN THE ICM
Authors: Berlok Thomas , Pessah Martin E.
Published: June 2016

The distribution of helium in the intracluster medium (ICM) permeating galaxy clusters is not well constrained due to the very high plasma temperature. Therefore, the plasma is often assumed to be homogeneous. A nonuniform helium distribution can, however, lead to biases when measuring key cluster parameters. This has motivated one-dimensional models that evolve the ICM composition assuming that the effects of magnetic fields can be parameterized or ignored. Such models for nonisothermal clusters show that helium can sediment in the cluster core, leading to a peak in concentration offset from the cluster center. The resulting profiles have recently been shown to be linearly unstable when the weakly collisional character of the magnetized plasma is considered. In this paper, we present a modified version of the MHD code Athena, which makes it possible to evolve a weakly collisional plasma subject to a gravitational field and stratified in both temperature and composition. We thoroughly test our implementation and confirm excellent agreement against several analytical results. In order to isolate the effects of composition, in this initial study we focus our attention on isothermal plasmas. We show that plasma instabilities, feeding off gradients in composition, can induce turbulent mixing and saturate by rearranging magnetic field lines and alleviating the composition gradient. Composition profiles that increase with radius lead to instabilities that saturate by driving the average magnetic field inclination to roughly 45°. We speculate that this effect may alleviate the core insulation observed in homogeneous settings, with potential consequences for the associated cooling flow problem.
A MODEL FOR TYPE 2 CORONAL LINE FOREST (CLiF) AGNs
Authors: Glidden Ana , Rose Marvin , Elvis Martin , McDowell Jonathan
Published: June 2016

We present a model for the classification of Coronal Line Forest Active Galactic Nuclei (CLiF AGNs). CLiF AGNs are of special interest due to their remarkably large number of emission lines, especially forbidden high-ionization lines (FHILs). Rose et al. suggest that their emission is dominated by reflection from the inner wall of the obscuring region rather than direct emission from the accretion disk. This makes CLiF AGNs laboratories to test AGN-torus models. Modeling an AGN as an accreting supermassive black hole surrounded by a cylinder of dust and gas, we show a relationship between the viewing angle and the revealed area of the inner wall. From the revealed area, we can determine the amount of FHIL emission at various angles. We calculate the strength of [Fe vii]λ6087 emission for a number of intermediate angles (30°, 40°, and 50°) and compare the results with the luminosity of the observed emission line from six known CLiF AGNs. We find that there is good agreement between our model and the observational results. The model also enables us to determine the relationship between the type 2:type 1 AGN fraction vs the ratio of torus height to radius, h/r.
MOST DOUBLE DEGENERATE LOW-MASS WHITE DWARF BINARIES MERGE
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Kilic Mukremin , Kenyon Scott J. , Gianninas A.
Published: June 2016

We estimate the merger rate of double degenerate binaries containing extremely low mass (ELM;

M
⊙) white dwarfs (WDs) in the Galaxy. Such WDs are detectable for timescales of 0.1–1 Gyr in the ELM Survey; the binaries they reside in have gravitational wave merger times of 0.001–100 Gyr. To explain the observed distribution requires that most ELM WD binary progenitors detach from the common envelope phase with <1 hr orbital periods. We calculate the local space density of ELM WD binaries and estimate a merger rate of 3 × 10−3 yr−1 over the entire disk of the Milky Way; the merger rate in the halo is 10 times smaller. The ELM WD binary merger rate exceeds by a factor of 40 the formation rate of stable mass transfer AM CVn binaries, marginally exceeds the rate of underluminous supernovae, and is identical to the formation rate of R CrB stars. On this basis, we conclude that ELM WD binaries can be the progenitors of all observed AM CVn and possibly underluminous supernovae; however, the majority of He+CO WD binaries go through unstable mass transfer and merge, e.g., into single massive ∼1 M
⊙ WDs.
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: AN INVESTIGATION OF BIASES IN C iv EMISSION LINE PROPERTIES
Authors: Denney K. D. , Horne Keith , Shen Yue , Brandt W. N. , Ho Luis C. , Peterson B. M. , Richards Gordon T. , Trump J. R. , Ge J.
Published: June 2016

We investigate the dependence on data quality of quasar properties measured from the C iv emission line region at high redshifts. Our measurements come from 32 epochs of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project spectroscopic observations of 482

quasars. We compare the differences between measurements made from the single-epoch (SE) and coadded spectra, focusing on the C iv
λ1549 emission line because of its importance for studies of high-redshift quasar demographics and physical properties, including black hole masses. In addition to statistical errors increasing (by factors of ∼2–4), we find increasing systematic offsets with decreasing signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The systematic difference (measurement uncertainty) in our lowest-S/N (<5) subsample between the SE and coadded spectrum (i) C iv equivalent width is 17 Å (31 Å), (ii) centroid wavelength is <1 Å (2 Å), and fractional velocity widths,

, characterized by (iii) the line dispersion, σ

l
, is 0.104 (0.12), and (iv) the mean absolute deviation (MAD) is 0.072 (0.11). These remain smaller than the 1σ measurement uncertainties for all subsamples considered. The MAD is found to be the most robust line-width characterization. Offsets in the C iv FWHM velocity width and the C iv profile characterized by FWHM/σ

l
are only smaller than the statistical uncertainties when S/N > 10, although offsets in lower-S/N spectra exceed the statistical uncertainties by only a factor of ∼1.5 and may depend on the type of functional fit to the line. Characterizing the C iv line profile by the kurtosis is the least robust property investigated, as the median systematic coadded–SE measurement differences are larger than the statistical uncertainties for all S/N subsamples.
THE VERTICAL-CURRENT APPROXIMATION NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELD CODE—DESCRIPTION, PERFORMANCE TESTS, AND MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETIC ENERGIES DISSIPATED IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: June 2016

In this work we provide an updated description of the Vertical-Current Approximation Nonlinear Force-Free Field (VCA-NLFFF) code, which is designed to measure the evolution of the potential, non-potential, free energies, and the dissipated magnetic energies during solar flares. This code provides a complementary and alternative method to existing traditional NLFFF codes. The chief advantages of the VCA-NLFFF code over traditional NLFFF codes are the circumvention of the unrealistic assumption of a force-free photosphere in the magnetic field extrapolation method, the capability to minimize the misalignment angles between observed coronal loops (or chromospheric fibril structures) and theoretical model field lines, as well as computational speed. In performance tests of the VCA-NLFFF code, by comparing with the NLFFF code of Wiegelmann, we find agreement in the potential, non-potential, and free energy within a factor of

, but the Wiegelmann code yields in the average a factor of 2 lower flare energies. The VCA-NLFFF code is found to detect decreases in flare energies in most X, M, and C-class flares. The successful detection of energy decreases during a variety of flares with the VCA-NLFFF code indicates that current-driven twisting and untwisting of the magnetic field is an adequate model to quantify the storage of magnetic energies in active regions and their dissipation during flares. The VCA-NLFFF code is also publicly available in the Solar SoftWare.
A NEW INSIGHT INTO NEUTRINO ENERGY LOSS BY ELECTRON CAPTURE OF IRON GROUP NUCLEI IN MAGNETAR SURFACES
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Gu Wei-Min
Published: June 2016

Based on the relativistic mean-field effective interactions theory, and the Lai dong model, we discuss the influences of superstrong magnetic fields (SMFs) on electron Fermi energy, nuclear blinding energy, and single-particle level structure in magnetar surfaces. Using the Shell-Model Monte Carlo method and the Random Phase Approximation theory, we analyze the neutrino energy loss rates (NELRs) by electron capture for iron group nuclei in SMFs. First, when B
12 < 100, we find that the SMFs have a slight influence on the NELRs for most nuclides at relativistic low temperatures (e.g., T
9 = 0.233); nevertheless, the NELRs increase by more than four orders of magnitude at relativistic high temperatures (e.g., T
9 = 15.53). When B
12 > 100, the NELRs decrease by more than three orders of magnitude (e.g., at T
9 = 15.53 for 52–61Fe, 55–60Co, and 56–63Ni). Second, for a certain value of magnetic field and temperature, the NELRs increase by more than four orders of magnitude when

, but as the density increases (i.e., when

), there is almost no influence on the density of NELRs. For the density around

, there is an abrupt increase in NELRs when B
12 ≥ 103.5. Such jumps are an indication that the underlying shell structure has changed due to single-particle behavior by SMFs. Finally, we compare our NELRs with those of Fuller et al. (FFN) and Nabi & Klapdor-Kleingrothaus (NKK). For the case without SMFs, one finds that our rates for certain nuclei are close to about five orders of magnitude lower than FFN and NKK at relativistic low temperatures (e.g., T
9 = 1). However, at a relativistic high temperature (e.g., T
9 = 3), our results are in good agreement with NKK, but about one order of magnitude lower than FFN. For the case with SMFs, our NELRs for some iron group nuclei can be about five orders of magnitude higher than those of FFN and NKK. (Note that B
12, T
9, and ρ
7 are in units of 1012 G, 109 K, and

, respectively.)
A COMPARISON OF SPH ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE KEPLERIAN DISK
Authors: Hosono Natsuki , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Makino Junichiro
Published: June 2016

Hydrodynamical simulations of rotating disks play important roles in the field of astrophysical and planetary science. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely used for such simulations. However, it has been known that when using SPH, a cold and thin Kepler disk breaks up due to the unwanted angular momentum transfer. Two possible reasons have been suggested for this breaking up of the disk; the artificial viscosity (AV) and the numerical error in the evaluation of pressure gradient in SPH. Which one is dominant is still unclear. In this paper, we investigate the reason for this rapid breaking up of the disk. We implemented most of the popular formulations of AV and switches, and measured the angular momentum transfer due to both AV and the error of SPH’s estimate of the pressure gradient. We found that the angular momentum transfer due to AV at the inner edge triggers the breaking up of the disk. We also found that the classical von Neumann–Richtmyer–Landshoff type AV with a high-order estimate for

can maintain the disk for ∼100 orbits even when used with the standard formulation of SPH.
Avaliação dos processos tecnológicos a partir da metodologia dos programas de pesquisa científicos de Lakatos
Authors: Renner Jorge Eugenio , Pessoa Jr. Osvaldo
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do artigo é investigar em que medida a metodologia dos programas de pesquisa científicos (MPPC) de Lakatos, assumida como contexto teórico, pode ser estendida para a tecnologia, incluindo a engenharia e atividades de serviço. Apesar de as diferenças entre ciência e tecnologia serem marcantes, ambas apresentam sucessões que caracterizam, na ciência, um programa de pesquisa, e nas técnicas, uma linha de desenvolvimento tecnológico. O método de investigação do presente artigo envolve o exame de quais aspectos da metodologia e da estruturação das atividades na tecnologia e na engenharia são análogas àquelas das atividades científicas. O resultado do presente estudo é que a aplicação da abordagem lakatosiana para as áreas técnicas pode ser feita em larga medida e de maneira frutífera, permitindo que estas sejam vistas como linhas de desenvolvimento em competição. Nota-se, porém, que em alguns pontos a extensão não é direta, em especial quanto ao papel da falseabilidade para teorias científicas.  
A política de vacinação contra o HPV no Brasil: a comunicação pública oficial e midiática face à emergência de controvérsias
Authors: Poerschke de Quevedo Josemari , Inácio Myrrena , Moro Wieczorkievicz Adriana , Invernizzi Noela
Published: June 2016

O artigo discute a controvérsia suscitada pela campanha da vacina HPV (Human papillomavirus), implementada pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro em 2014. Analisamos as estratégias de comunicação do Ministério de Saúde para divulgar a vacina e as reações sociais veiculadas pela imprensa. A análise se baseia no conceito de comunicação pública, no que tange à permeabilidade do Estado a controvérsias; e no conceito de tradução proposto pelos estudos sociais da ciência. Verificamos que a comunicação oficial enfocou a divulgação procedimental da vacina, enquanto a mídia expôs a controvérsia sobre riscos e implicações sociais e éticas. Embora a comunicação de governo tenha sido refratária aos questionamentos do público na primeira fase de vacinação, na segunda houve tentativa de respondê-los, mas sem considerável sucesso. Os relatos de efeitos adversos surgiram com maior evidência neste segundo momento, culminando na redução do alcance da vacinação.
Les maisons des organisations étudiantes en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Dubois Antonin
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser dans une approche comparative les enjeux liés à la possession de véritables locaux par les organisations étudiantes françaises et allemandes entre 1871 et 1914. La possession d’une telle maison permettait à la fois l’implantation des organisations étudiantes dans les « espaces étudiants » et le renforcement de la cohésion des membres, grâce à la mise à disposition d’espaces spécifiques aux formes de sociabilité bourgeoises masculines. Les maisons étaient de ce fait des lieux d’encadrement des étudiants.
Éléments pour une vision plurielle de l’engagement politique : le militantisme existentiel
Authors: De Bouver Émeline
Published: June 2016

Alors que d’aucuns déplorent un désintérêt des jeunes pour le politique, des études empiriques montrent que des formes spécifiques d’engagement se développent au sein de la jeunesse, notamment autour du défi écologique. L’avenir de la planète apparaît en effet comme un des enjeux essentiels sur lesquels les jeunes militants entendent avoir un impact. Mettre l’écologie au cœur de son engagement n’est pas sans conséquences, cela contraint le militant à repenser le cadre et la forme que prend son action politique. Les recherches présentées dans cet article amènent l’auteure à abonder en ce sens et lui ont permis d’observer les tensions propres à l’engagement écologique qui peuvent être à l’origine de nouvelles façons d’investir le politique.
Réformes, rapports et commissions
Authors: Prost Antoine
Published: June 2016

Le scénario des réformes de l’enseignement semble bien établi : le ministre nomme une commission, qui procède à une enquête, rédige un rapport et le remet au ministre. Celui-ci présente un peu plus tard les mesures qu’il retient ; s’engage alors un débat public dont l’issue est difficile à prévoir. On s’interroge ici, à partir des réformes ou tentatives de réforme du XX e siècle, sur les origines de ce scénario : de quand date-t-il ? Pourquoi a-t-il été efficace à certains moments et non à d’autres ? Quelles en ont été les composantes et les variantes ? L’article montre ainsi la diversité des commissions et explique comment leur efficacité a dépendu de leur composition, de leur mode de fonctionnement, de leur rapport au pouvoir politique et à la haute administration du ministère, de leur capacité à trouver des soutiens ou des alliés au sein du ministère ou en dehors de lui, mais aussi du contexte institutionnel et historique, ce qui permet de proposer une périodisation. La réception des rapports par les syndicats est évidemment analysée. En conclusion, il apparaît préférable d’appréhender la réforme comme un processus, et non comme un ensemble de mesures ponctuelles.
La commission Cathala et le modèle anglais, Londres 1942-1943
Authors: Robert André Désiré
Published: June 2016

Nettement moins connue que la commission dite d’Alger et surtout que la mythique ou « sacrale » commission Langevin-Wallon (1944-47), la commission Cathala a été chargée de réfléchir, de 1942 à 1943, dans le cadre de la France libre à Londres, sur les principes fondamentaux de la réforme de l’enseignement, en prévision de la victoire et de la renaissance démocratique de la nation française. L’article a pour objet d’exposer les grandes lignes du projet élaboré par les membres de la commission, qui sont par ailleurs présentés – pour les plus influents d’entre eux – à travers une tentative d’approche prosopographique, et surtout de mettre en relief l’importance du contexte lié aux circonstances de la guerre sur le sol britannique. Dans quelle mesure des expériences pédagogiques contraintes ont-elles eu un retentissement sur les premières propositions réformatrices françaises en vue de l’après-guerre et peut-on parler d’un « modèle anglais » ? S’il convient de ne pas minimiser d’autres apports comme ceux de l’éducation nouvelle et les progrès réalisés avant-guerre avec la réforme Jean Zay (1937), les travaux de la commission Cathala constituent néanmoins un geste inaugural fortement influencé par le contexte anglais, point de départ d’une chaîne réformatrice.
Réformer l’Enseignement supérieur français. L’action du recteur d’académie (1896-1968)
Authors: Condette Jean-François
Published: June 2016

En France, de 1896 à 1968, le recteur d’académie, nommé par le ministre, est le président du conseil de l’université de son académie et joue un rôle important dans le développement des structures universitaires. S’il doit faire appliquer les décisions prises à Paris, il est aussi le défenseur des projets locaux auprès des bureaux parisiens. Le recteur assure la réforme matérielle des facultés par la construction de nouveaux bâtiments puis, après 1960 souvent, par le transfert de l’activité universitaire vers les campus péri-urbains. Il veille également à l’application des réformes pédagogiques décidées localement ou nationalement et à enrichir les formations proposées. Face aux tensions multiples qui s’accroissent avec la massification, après 1955, le recteur doit souvent gérer les mécontentements étudiants, alors que sa présence comme président de l’université est aussi contestée. Les événements de mai 1968 devaient rompre avec cet héritage de la Troisième République.
Expansion et transformation de l’enseignement spécial : le tournant des années 1960
Authors: Heurdier Lydie
Published: June 2016

Dans le contexte des réformes des années 1960, l’enseignement spécialisé a connu un développement conséquent de ses structures, une forte augmentation de ses personnels comme des populations prises en charge. Cette restructuration liée à la prolongation de la scolarité obligatoire a réussi grâce à la mobilisation d’acteurs institutionnels, syndicaux et associatifs, militants de l’enfance inadaptée mais aussi de l’école publique et laïque. Leurs objectifs convergents ont été entendus et relayés dans les travaux du Plan. Cependant progressivement les modalités d’intervention se sont transformées, en lien avec le rapport Bloch-Lainé (1967) mais aussi avec les critiques sur les orientations abusives de jeunes en échec scolaire considérés comme « débiles légers ». Désormais, il va s’agir de lutter contre toutes les inadaptations dans l’enseignement ordinaire. Cette logique de prévention et d’adaptation débouchera sur un mouvement d’intégration généralisé.
Le « socle commun »
Authors: Lelièvre Claude
Published: June 2016

Il s’agit d’une tentative pour mieux saisir les contours et les aléas d’une notion qui a servi à la fois de référence et d’emblème durant plus de vingt ans, et qui a été l’objet de fortes controverses et d’interprétations ou de mises en place assez diverses. Même si l’expression « socle commun » n’est apparue formellement que sous la plume de Luc Ferry en 1994, il est soutenu que l’idée remonte en fait à la présidence de Giscard d’Estaing. Cet historique entend restituer au mieux l’enjeu spécial que cela a représenté historiquement, et les défis intellectuels et politiques difficiles à relever en vue de penser et de refonder une scolarité obligatoire unifiée depuis les apprentissages premiers jusqu’à la fin du collège.
Les rôles économique et politique des émigrés libanais durant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Labaki Boutros
Published: June 2016

L’émigration libanaise s’arrête avec l’éclatement de la guerre. Le blocus allié sur les côtes ottomanes et le blocus terrestre ottoman appauvrissent la province autonome du Liban, la privant de ses ressources principales. Une famine décime la population. Dans ce contexte, les émigrés et les associations d’émigrés libanais en Égypte, aux États-Unis, en Argentine et en France tentent de mobiliser la diaspora et surtout les chancelleries pour faire pression sur les Ottomans et lever le blocus. Ils œuvrent pour convaincre les puissances de l’époque de la nécessité de libérer le Liban et/ou la Grande Syrie du joug ottoman, dans le cadre de mandats, du Royaume arabe promis à Fayçal, ou de l’indépendance totale. Elles participent aux conférences de paix qui décident du sort du Liban et des pays voisins.
Le Moyen-Orient dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale : convoitises et rivalités des grandes puissances belligérantes
Authors: Hadhri Mohieddine , Pelletier François
Published: June 2016

Le Moyen-Orient a été l’un des théâtres d’opérations militaires de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le conflit révélait la dimension hautement stratégique de cette partie du monde : carrefour de communication entre les trois continents et objet d’ambitions rivales que les découvertes pétrolières récentes ne faisaient qu’aiguiser. Dès 1939, les Puissances de l’Axe avaient envisagé un partage du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord. Au cours d’une seconde phase, à partir des conférences de Téhéran en 1943 et de Yalta en 1945, le Moyen-Orient devenait l’objet de vives convoitises en vue d’un nouveau partage en « zones d’influence » entre les vainqueurs. Cet article se propose d’apporter quelques éclairages sur cette période, ainsi que sur la géopolitique des grandes puissances au Moyen-Orient, notamment en Arabie, devenue depuis la rencontre Roosevelt-Ibn Séoud en février 1945 une pièce maîtresse sur l’échiquier moyen-oriental.
Comment réduire la dette publique européenne
Authors: Adjerad Raphaële
Published: June 2016

Lors de la conférence « La dette publique ou comment s’en débarrasser ? » qui s’est déroulée à Lyon le 13 octobre 2015, Pervenche Berès 1  , André Grjebine 2  et Charles Wyplosz 3  se sont interrogés sur les solutions possibles pour réduire la dette publique européenne. Le champ de la recherche économique, celui d’André Grjebine et de Charles Wyplosz, est confronté au point de vue du décideur politique, celui de Pervenche Berès. Il s’agira d’analyser cette confrontation qui vise à faire surgir une solution envisageable dans le contexte politique actuel.
Féminismes contemporains et controverse du pacte laïque en France : d’un modèle d’émancipation unique à sa confrontation plurielle
Authors: Chetcuti-Osorovitz Natacha
Published: June 2016

Fondé sur une analyse des discours de militant-e-s, d’analystes et d’intellectuel-le-s, médiatisés à la faveur de mobilisations féministes durant la dernière décennie, cet article est centré sur l’analyse des controverses concernant le pacte laïc en France. Le lien entre laïcité, descendantes d’immigrés et égalité entre les sexes apparaît plus que jamais au centre du débat féministe français et dans ses recompositions politiques. Les différends autour de la loi sur les signes religieux à l’école, ceux concernant les violences faites aux femmes, jusqu’au récent débat sur la légalisation du mariage dit « pour tous » seront ainsi privilégiés. Dans le contexte contemporain d’interprétations multiples de la laïcité, l’analyse sociologique des féminismes permettra de mettre au jour les façons dont le concept de citoyenneté est retraduit.
Une initiation au voyage
Authors: Garnier Bérénice
Published: June 2016

Ce texte se propose d’explorer en quoi la rencontre avec une adolescente a permis l’émergence d’un processus de créativité à la fois chez elle et au sein de l’équipe de la Maison des adolescents. L’adolescente a découvert différents espaces transitionnels grâce à l’expérimentation de la parole et de la médiation par le carnet de voyage. Parallèlement, l’équipe s’est ouverte à d’autres institutions et a adapté ses missions, pour construire et poursuivre l’accompagnement de cette jeune en respectant sa singularité.
Entomophagy and Power
Authors: Müller A. , Evans J. , Payne C.L.R. , Roberts R.
Published: June 2016

Edible insects are being framed as a panacea for health, resource and climate challenges, and the ‘entomophagy movement’ is growing rapidly. Yet as the insect ‘solution’ is scaled up, there is a greater focus on technical innovation and less on the structural inequalities that govern who produces within, who controls, and who benefits from the edible insect trade. We ask: To what extent is the promotion of ‘entomophagy’ challenging or reproducing power relations in global food systems? Drawing on evidence from academia, industry, and the local insect trade in Southeast Asia we critically investigate the rising interest in insects as food. We conducted a systematic literature review, a systematic company and product review of products available online, and fieldwork in Thailand where the edible insect market is growing. Our analysis suggests that the emerging edible insects movement is – generally but not exclusively – reinforcing the existing power relations that many of its actors suggest it could challenge. We conclude our paper with recommendations for further research to investigate the disparity between the claims and consequences of this ‘quick-fix’ approach to food systems. Beyond relying on solely technical and market-based solutions, we recommend more ‘power-aware’ approaches in academia and business, accountability and transparency in research and trade, more detailed critical research in different contexts, and the inclusion of marginalised actors in the discourse, as means to realise the potential of edible insects in a democratic way.
Marginalization of Transgender Identities: Implications for Health Equity
Authors: Grubb Hilary Maia
Published: June 2016

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people encounter health disparities in the United States, perpetuated by limited TGNC-related content in medical education and training. Recognition of the effects of discrimination and stigma on TGNC communities has contributed to a resurgence of interest in these populations. Exploring the diversity of TGNC identities and recognizing patterns of institutionalized bias enable health care providers, including psychiatrists and other mental health practitioners, to promote health equity for these historically underserved populations.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2016;46(6):334–339.]
Nursing Student Attrition and Implications for Pre-Admission Advisement
Authors: Smith Virginia A.
Published: June 2016

The current shortage of nurses and the decreasing student applicant pool supports the need for institutions of higher education to examine the problem of nursing student attrition and possible solutions. This study surveyed 227 non-returning students to identify attrition factors. The results implicate problems with class scheduling, inadequate financial resources, and employment responsibilities. Twenty four nursing faculty members were additionally surveyed to identify factors. The faculty respondents target poor study skills as the primary problem, a finding not agreed on by the former students.

These identified problem areas implicate inadequate preadmission advisement. Students should be made aware of the personal and financial costs of a nursing education prior to admission. Preadmission advising that provides an applicant with a more complete understanding of the nursing educational process may help prevent student attrition and the loss of new nurses to the profession.
Qeros y discursos visuales en la construcción de la nueva sociedad colonial andina
Authors: Martínez C. José Luis , Díaz Carla , Tocornal Constanza , Acuña Gabriela , Narbona Luz María
Published: June 2016

Los qeros son una valiosa fuente para el estudio de la vida colonial andina y sus memorias sobre el pasado. Con su decoración circuló un amplio conjunto de textos visuales entre los siglos XVI al XIX. Identificamos al menos tres estilos que estarían vinculados a los cambios sociales y políticos que vivieron las poblaciones andinas a partir del siglo XVI, siendo estos estilos una manifestación de las experiencias locales.
Ciudades y aldeas del Nuevo Mundo en los documentos de los mercaderes y viajeros italianos del Quinientos
Authors: Orlandi Angela
Published: June 2016

Se intenta aclarar la formación de los centros urbanos y agrícolas del Nuevo Mundo a través de los documentos de los viajeros italianos en las Américas durante el siglo XVI. Los viajeros describían los procesos constructivos de ciudades y aldeas. De estos relatos emerge una situación que, aunque no exhaustiva, presenta interesantes aspectos de las arquitecturas de las casas, de las estructuras productivas y de edificios públicos o religiosos que, en algunos casos parecían influenciadas por el gusto del Renacimiento italiano.
Institucionalizar la escritura del pasado. La Academia Paraguaya de la Historia (1937-1965)
Authors: Brezzo Liliana M.
Published: June 2016

Este artículo analiza el proceso de fundación de la Academia Paraguaya de la Historia (antes Instituto Paraguayo de Investigaciones Históricas) y su vida institucional como vía para dar cuenta del desarrollo de la escritura de la historia en Paraguay en el siglo XX. Pretende distinguir los condicionantes en la práctica de la historia y examinar el rol de la Academia en el proceso de institucionalización de la disciplina.
De la pathétique artistique à l’émotion esthétique
Authors: Talon-Hugon Carole
Published: June 2016

Les émotions occupent une place décisive dans la théorie humaniste des arts qui règne en Europe entre le xvie et le xviiie siècle. Elles ne constituent pas seulement des objets de la représentation (rappelons que « l’expression » des passions est une partie de la peinture aussi importante que le dessin, la composition ou le coloris), elles sont aussi sa finalité : le movere constitue avec le docere et le placere le triple objectif du peintre comme du poète. Pourtant, pendant un moment circonscrit de l’histoire occidentale des arts qui a débuté au cours de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle et s’est achevé un siècle plus tard, le lien des arts et des émotions a été rompu. L’esthétique moderniste a refusé que les arts représentent des émotions, en suscitent, ou fournissent des modèles de comportements passionnels. Dans le même temps a triomphé un philosophème nouveau : celui d’émotion spécifiquement esthétique. Je voudrais ici, en me penchant principalement sur le cas de la peinture, exposer ce passage de la pathétique artistique classique et romantique à l’émotion esthétique moderniste, en analyser les causes et en peser les raisons.
On the History of the Tables in Taxonomy of Emotions
Authors: Knuuttila Simo
Published: June 2016

Les manuels et les écrits savants des xvie-xviie siècles font un usage croissant des possibilités typographiques pour éditer des diagrammes et des tables de classification. Ces instruments sont alors appliqués aux passions, ce qui se comprend dans la mesure où la première table analytique, reposant sur un schéma à quatre entrées, fut introduite dans la théorie stoïcienne puis discutée sans interruption jusqu’au début de l’époque moderne. J’étudie certains aspects de l’histoire de ce modèle à quatre entrées dans la théorie stoïcienne et ses transformations dans d’autres théories des émotions, en prenant quelques exemples de leurs formulations graphiques dans les travaux imprimés. Dans la seconde partie de l’article, j’étudie l’usage que fait Christian Thomasius d’une grille d’analyse destinée à l’évaluation psychologique des émotions et et de la personnalité. Thomasius, dans ses tables d’émotions, mêle caractéristiques physiques, psychologiques et sociologiques et les utilise de façon innovante pour définir des profils émotionnels fondés sur des valeurs quantifiées de l’intensité des traits de personnalité.
Critical Video Surveillance and Identification of Human Behavior Analysis of ATM Security Systems
Authors: Sivabalakrishnan M. , Menaka R. , Jeeva S.
Published: June 2016

Video surveillance cameras are placed in many places such as bank, hospital, toll gates, airports, etc. To take advantage of the video in real time, a human must monitor the system continuously in order to alert security officers if there is an emergency. Besides, for event detection a person can observe four cameras with good accuracy at a time. Therefore, this requires expensive human resources for real time video surveillance using current technology. The trajectory of one or more targets obtains for object tracking while recording above space and time. By tracking various objects, the burden of detection by human sentinels is greatly alleviated. Efficient and reliable automatic alarm system is useful for many ATM surveillance applications. ATM Video monitoring systems present many challenging research issues in human abnormal behaviors detection approaches. The framework of ATM video surveillance system encompassing various factors, such as image acquisition, background estimation, background subtraction, segmentation, people counting and tracking are briefly discussed in this chapter.
Digital Forensic and Machine Learning
Authors: Mariappan Poonkodi , B. Padhmavathi , Teja Talluri Srinivasa
Published: June 2016

Digital Forensic as it sounds coerce human mind primarily with exploration of crime. However in the contemporary world, digital forensic has evolved as an essential source of tools from data acquisition to legal action. Basically three stages are involved in digital forensic namely acquisition, analysis and reporting. Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRW) defined digital forensic as “Use of Scientifically derived and proven method towards the identification, collection, analysis, interpretation, documentation and presentation of digital evidence derived from digital sources for the purpose of facilitating or furthering the reconstruction of event to be criminal”. The hard problem in digital forensic is such that the acquired data need to be cleaned and is required to be intelligible for reading by human. As a solution to this complexity problem a number of tools are present which may be repeated until relevant data is obtained.
A Review of User Involvement in Information System Projects
Authors: Eichhorn Bradford R. , Tukel Oya I.
Published: June 2016

In this study the authors provide a comprehensive literature survey of user involvement in information system projects. Specifically, the authors document and summarize user involvement by identifying studies that investigate user roles and activities, selection of users, type of communications used, and timing and level of their involvement. The authors review papers that employed various research methods and empirical studies whose models incorporated moderating and mediating factors, longitudinal studies, focus groups and case studies. The authors document the conditions favoring selected topics, models and metrics as well as highlight the contradicting results not supporting user involvement. This study constitutes an initial and systematic documentation of user involvement in information system projects and presents the opportunity to further improve the research in this subject area by leveraging findings and limitations of the current literature.
Information Management in Project Management
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda , Malheiro da Silva Armando
Published: June 2016

The authors start by presenting Information Science (IS) that is developed and constitutes object of research and teaching at the University of Porto, Portugal, and they explain accurately the cross-positioning of Information Management (IM), which is also shared with other social sciences and disciplines of technological character. From here, a brief presentation of the origin and nature of Project Management (PM) is exposed to emphasize the need for an effective and fully assumed approach between IM and PM. It is observed that, for specialists in PM, the infocommunicational flows are important and they seek to manage them intuitively, but without feeling obliged to ask for the expertise of specialists in IS and IM, the reverse is true (i.e. there are courses and some interesting adaptations of PM procedures' tools to be applied into informational projects).
Project Management of New Hotel Openings
Authors: Noordzy Gert , Whitfield Richard
Published: June 2016

This chapter introduces hoteliers to the importance of effective project management in their professional lives. It summarizes key concepts in project management, especially as they relate to opening new hotels and other hospitality-related activities. Firstly, the nature of projects is explained, and they are contrasted to ongoing business operations with regards to how they are planned and controlled and how performance is measured. Then, project-specific planning methods are considered, and the risks involved in successfully completing projects are analyzed and managed. Next, the research on how to improve the chances of successfully completing projects is discussed, and how this relates to opening new hotels. Finally, sources of further information on becoming a successful project manager or researcher in this field are identified.
The Role of HR Strategies in Change
Authors: Malik Ashish
Published: June 2016

This chapter reviews the commonly understood tasks of change and the role an organisation's human resource management (HRM) function plays in designing and implementing effective change management. Highlighting the key HRM practices, this chapter outlines the relationship between various HR strategies for managing change. This chapter develops a framework of key HRM practices that underpin the commonly understood tasks of successful change management. Drawing upon examples of successful case studies and the author's research on the dynamic and changing high-technology information technology (IT) industry in India, this chapter provides examples of linking strategy, HRM practices and change, thus developing a framework and identifying implications for theory and practice. The chapter also identifies several future research propositions linking the HRM and change management literatures.
Project Management in Portuguese Metalworking Industry
Authors: Pinto Ricardo , Dominguez Caroline
Published: June 2016

Project management is increasingly considered a powerful tool to tackle the challenges of businesses in a globalized economy, where the need for innovation is decisive. At the same time it has emerged as a field of knowledge which has been expanding and studied under various perspectives. In this chapter the authors aim to contribute to the knowledge on project management practices in the manufacturing sector. The results presented here characterize project management practices in the Portuguese metalworking industrial sector. Data analysis from thirty companies show that risk and integration areas are often overlooked in project management and need to be promoted.
Identifying the Key Success Factors of Innovation for Improving the New Product Development Process
Authors: Relich Marcin , Šujanová Jana
Published: June 2016

This chapter is concerned with the study of success factors identification in product innovation. The critical success factors are identified on the basis of project management software database and questionnaires concerning communication and quality management in new product development. The model of measuring innovation includes the indicators connected with the fields such as research and development, purchasing and materials management, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and communication. The proposed methodology enables merger of objective indices and subjective judgments with the use of fuzzy logic. In order to identify the relationships between product success and project environment parameters, the artificial neural networks are used.