bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service recovery as an organizational capability
Authors: Mjahed Hammami Samiha , Souiden Nizar , Triki Abdelfattah
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore and conceptualize service recovery as an organizational capability. It proposes a new construct labeled knowledge-enabled recovery effectiveness (KERE).

Design/methodology/approach

Measures capturing the KERE construct were developed through domain identification, item pool generation using focus group interviews with managers involved in complaint management and content expert validation.

Findings

A first pool of 73 items was generated and then reduced to 37 items. Focus group interviews confirm the theoretical relevance of the KERE construct. Recovery culture, recovery process and internal recovery resources are the different components of a firm’s knowledge that serve as inputs, or as a source of a firm’s service recovery capabilities.

Research limitations/implications

A quantitative study is needed in future research to assess the KERE’s construct structure and validity.

Practical implications

Managers may use the proposed scale to foster effective and relevant marketing strategies by setting clear policies that consider service recovery as a knowledge-based activity rather than a control targeted activity.

Originality/value

This research demonstrates the mutual dialogue between service recovery and knowledge-based capabilities. Also, it proposes a new concept labeled KERE and a raw scale to further understand firms’ aptitude in service recovery.
Market-mediated authenticity in culturally themed culinary space
Authors: Sinha Nilanjana , Roy Chaudhuri Himadri , Fowler Jie G. , Mazumdar Sitanath
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore authenticity as a multidimensional construct from both consumer and service provider perspectives in the context of culturally themed restaurants in Kolkata, India.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing a phenomenological design, data have been collected through participant observation, photographs and semi-structured interviews in Bengali-themed restaurants over a two-year period.

Findings

By articulating the processes and dimensions that operate behind the narrative of authenticity, the findings display the interaction between market/cultural forces and the perception of authenticity. These reveal that authenticity embraces four major categories, namely, traditional, staged-form, postmodern and constructivist.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides insights into the collective role of both consumers and service providers in mediating perceptions of authenticity. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by articulating four dimensions of authenticity.

Practical implications

Practically, this study assists marketers with insights into the balance of authenticity and the commoditization of culture.

Originality/value

As globalization weakens cultural boundaries and jeopardizes regional identities, there is a need for reassuring cultural continuity that upholds ethnic legacy for local consumers. Thus, this study provides theoretical and practical insights for both researchers and practitioners concerned about maintaining authenticity in a global marketplace.
Do gambling game choices reflect a recreational gambler’s motivations?
Authors: Lindridge Andrew , Beatty Sharon E. , Northington William Magnus
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Gambling is increasingly a global phenomenon, derided by some as exploitative and viewed by others as entertainment. Despite extensive research into gambling motivations, previous research has not assessed whether gaming choice is a function of one’s personal motivations or simply a desire to gamble in general, regardless of game choice among recreational gamblers. The purpose of this study is to explore this theme by considering “illusion of control” where luck and skill may moderate gambling motivation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies two motivation theories, hedonic consumption theory and motivation disposition theory, and examines heuristic perspectives related to gambling. Three stages of qualitative data collection were undertaken.

Findings

The findings indicate that for recreational gamblers, gaming choice is a function of personal motives. Hence, gamblers chose games that reflect their needs or motives, focusing on the game or games that best allow them to achieve their goals and desires.

Research limitations/implications

These findings shed light on an important topic and include an in-depth examination of recreational gamblers’ motivations. Further quantitative examinations should be considered.

Practical implications

This research could be used by practitioners or researchers in better segmenting the casino recreational gambling market.

Originality/value

While many researchers have examined gambling motivations and even gambling motivations by venue (e.g. casino versus online), few researchers have focused on gamblers’ choice of games and even fewer have studied recreational gamblers’ motivations with a qualitatively rich approach, resulting in some useful perspectives on drivers of recreational gamblers by personal motives.
Investment decisions on quality certifications by hotel chains: differences between ex-ante and ex-post decisions
Authors: Iglesias Victor , De la Ballina Francisco Javier , Caso Laura
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the antecedents of two variables concerning the presence of quality certifications in hotel chains: the (ex ante) decision to become a member of the quality system and the (ex post) trend to increase or decrease the number of certified properties. Six hypotheses are posed and tested.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical investigation is carried out on the Spanish Q for Quality in Tourism using a database including 295 hotel chains and 2,727 hotels.

Findings

The results evidence the presence of differences in the behavior of hotel chains relative to certification depending on their size, market segment, customer origin and the geographical concentration of their establishments.

Originality/value

This research deepens in how the hotel chain characteristics affect the effectiveness of a quality certification. The consideration of two stages in investment decisions allows the authors to identify differences in the ex ante and ex post decision processes. As a result, one factor (geographical concentration) has been detected as being underrated by managers in the first stage.
Involving students with autism in social studies
Authors: Reeves Linda Mauricio , Santoli Susan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to inform teachers of evidence-based practices designed to enhance the academic performance of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the context of general education social studies classes.

Originality/value

Despite the growing numbers of students with ASD which are included in general education classrooms, general education teachers consistently report concerns about their abilities to effectively instruct students with ASD. Social studies classes can be particularly challenging for students with ASD because of the reading, verbal communication, and inference skills which are part of the curriculum – all areas with which these students may struggle. While each student with ASD is different, there are some research-based strategies which have been found to work successfully for many of these students.
Dialogic pedagogy in the supervision of social studies student teachers
Authors: Cuenca Alexander
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Research reveals very little about how the supervision of social studies student teachers ought to be enacted. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the broader arguments for the democratic purposes of social studies, the author argues for the development of the democratic capacities of teacher citizens by creating deliberative and dialogic spaces in social studies field-based teacher education.

Findings

Four conceptual dimensions of dialogic pedagogy in the supervision of social studies student teachers are explored: questioning, listening, negotiation, and self-critique.

Originality/value

Because supervision of student teachers is a pedagogical interaction, a pedagogy of social studies field-based teacher education must be grounded in dialogue and deliberation.
We Came to America
Authors: Odebiyi Oluseyi M. , S. Sunal Cynthia , W. Sunal Dennis
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This early grades lesson set for ages 4-7 uses the book We Came to America as a resource to guide students’ thinking through US core values relating to diversity and tolerance of diversity. The lesson set builds on students’ knowledge to examine the historical development of diversities in the USA, the need to accept differences, and ways of developing required tolerance. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Originality/value

The aim is to help students better understand and learn the importance of tolerating other’ differences in the diverse society found in the USA. It also models how teachers can make conscious efforts to build tolerance and an awareness of the positive contributions of different people’s to the society.
Does biological intimacy shape ecological network structure? A test using a brood pollination mutualism on continental and oceanic islands
Authors: Hembry David H. , Raimundo Rafael L. G. , Newman Erica A. , Atkinson Lesje , Guo Chang , Guimarães Paulo R. , Gillespie Rosemary G.
Published: April 2018

Biological intimacy—the degree of physical proximity or integration of partner taxa during their life cycles—is thought to promote the evolution of reciprocal specialization and modularity in the networks formed by co‐occurring mutualistic species, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested.

Here, we test this “biological intimacy hypothesis” by comparing the network architecture of brood pollination mutualisms, in which specialized insects are simultaneously parasites (as larvae) and pollinators (as adults) of their host plants to that of other mutualisms which vary in their biological intimacy (including ant‐myrmecophyte, ant‐extrafloral nectary, plant‐pollinator and plant‐seed disperser assemblages).

We use a novel dataset sampled from leafflower trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus s. l. [Glochidion]) and their pollinating leafflower moths (Lepidoptera: Epicephala) on three oceanic islands (French Polynesia) and compare it to equivalent published data from congeners on continental islands (Japan). We infer taxonomic diversity of leafflower moths using multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis and examine several network structural properties: modularity (compartmentalization), reciprocality (symmetry) of specialization and algebraic connectivity.

We find that most leafflower‐moth networks are reciprocally specialized and modular, as hypothesized. However, we also find that two oceanic island networks differ in their modularity and reciprocal specialization from the others, as a result of a supergeneralist moth taxon which interacts with nine of 10 available hosts.

Our results generally support the biological intimacy hypothesis, finding that leafflower‐moth networks (usually) share a reciprocally specialized and modular structure with other intimate mutualisms such as ant‐myrmecophyte symbioses, but unlike nonintimate mutualisms such as seed dispersal and nonintimate pollination. Additionally, we show that generalists—common in nonintimate mutualisms—can also evolve in intimate mutualisms, and that their effect is similar in both types of assemblages: once generalists emerge they reshape the network organization by connecting otherwise isolated modules.
Future of global investing: What is old, what is new, and China's role
Authors: Melvin Michael
Published: April 2018

The financial crisis was followed by a period of extraordinary monetary policy easing. This period of quantitative easing and zero interest rate policies had significant effects on financial markets and created a global investment environment dominated by a single global factor of central bank policy. Looking forward, “normal” markets should include: (i) higher interest rates, but lower in the steady‐state than pre‐crisis; (ii) greater cross‐country interest differentials; and (iii) lower cross‐asset return correlations. In this environment, idiosyncratic macroeconomic differences across countries matter more than a “risk on/off” global factor that dominated in the post‐crisis era so that the opportunity set for global macro investors should be better than it has been in the 10 years since the crisis. The future investment environment will not be simply that of the pre‐crisis era but will reflect the evolution of the world economy. No single country in this evolution is more important than China and the changes ahead in China will create both risks and opportunities for investors.
Food and water insecurity in specialised fishing communities: evidence from thePhilippines
Authors: Fabinyi Michael
Published: April 2018

Food insecurity remains a common problem for Southeast Asian communities that specialise in fishing. Food insecurity is closely linked to other social conditions, and the linkages between these social conditions and their underlying drivers are less well explored in fishing contexts than they are in agricultural contexts. In this paper I draw on fieldwork from a community that specialises in fishing in the Western Philippines to examine the linkages between and drivers of food and water insecurity. Food insecurity is common, and characterised by a lack of funds to buy food, particularly during periods of bad weather. Water insecurity is also characterised by the need to pay for the delivery of drinking water from one of several remote sources. Because of the central role of markets in communities that specialise in fishing, I argue that both food and water insecurity are driven by income poverty. Understanding the relations between food and water insecurity and the wider drivers of poverty in specialised fishing community contexts should generate improved understandings of how food and water insecurity persist, and how these conditions may be better addressed.
‘What the hell is water?’ How to use deliberate clinical inertia in common emergency department situations
Authors: Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Cullen Louise , Keijzers Gerben , Fatovich Daniel M
Published: April 2018

Appropriate deliberate clinical inertia refers to the art of doing nothing as a positive clinical response. It includes shared decision‐making to improve patient care with the use of clinical judgement. We discuss common clinical scenarios where the use of deliberate clinical inertia can occur. The insertion of peripheral intravenous cannulae, investigating patients with suspected renal colic and the investigation of low risk chest pain are all opportunities for the thoughtful clinician to ‘stand there’ and use effective patient communication to avoid low value tests and procedures. Awareness is key to identifying these opportunities to practice deliberate clinical inertia, as many of the situations may be so much a part of our environment that they are hidden in plain view.
Paediatric acute care: Highlights from the Paediatric Acute Care–Advanced Paediatric Life Support Conference, Gold Coast, 2017
Authors: Teo Stephen SS , Rao Arjun , Acworth Jason
Published: April 2018

The Paediatric Acute Care Conference is an annual conference organised by APLS Australia to advance paediatric acute care topics for clinicians in pre‐hospital medicine, EDs, acute paediatrics, intensive care and anaesthesia. The Conference 2017 was held at Surfers Paradise, Queensland. We provide a summary of some of the presentations.
Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Daylily Flower (Hemerocallis fulva L.) Protect HUVE Cells Against High Glucose
Authors: Wu Wen‐Tzu , Mong Mei‐chin , Yang Ya‐chen , Wang Zhi‐hong , Yin Mei‐chin
Published: April 2018

The content of several phenolic acids and flavonoids in aqueous extract (AE) and ethanol extract (EE) of daylily flower (Hemerocallis fulva L.) was analyzed. The effects of AE or EE at 0.5%, 1%, or 2% in HUVE cells against high glucose‐induced cell death, oxidative, and inflammatory damage were examined. Results showed that seven phenolic acids and seven flavonoids could be detected in AE or EE, in the range of 29 to 205 and 41 to 273 mg/100 g, respectively. Compared with the control groups, high glucose raised the activity of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8; suppressed Bcl‐2 mRNA expression and increased Bax mRNA expression; and induced HUVE cells apoptosis. The pretreatments from AE or EE at 1% or 2% reduced caspase‐3 activity and Bax mRNA expression, and enhanced cell viability. High glucose decreased glutathione content; stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and prostaglandin E2; raised the activity of cyclooxygenase‐2 and nuclear factor kappa B p50/65 binding; and reduced the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in HUVE cells. AE pretreatments at 1% and 2% reversed these changes. These novel findings suggested that daylily flower was rich in phytochemicals, and could be viewed as a potent functional food against diabetes.
Growth of children in Greenland exceeds the World Health Organization growth charts
Authors: Kløvgaard Marius , Nielsen Nina Odgaard , Sørensen Thomas Lund , Bjerregaard Peter , Olsen Britta , Júlíusson Pétur Benedikt , Roelants Mathieu , Christesen Henrik Thybo
Published: April 2018

Aim

Previous studies have found high rates of stunted linear growth in Greenlandic children. We measured growth patterns in Greenland and compared them with international growth charts.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 279 healthy children aged 6–10 years in 2012. They participated in two pregnancy and birth cohorts in Greenland and longitudinal growth data as birth was extracted from their medical records. Growth reference ranges were estimated with the lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS) method and compared with growth charts from Denmark and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results

The children's mean length, weight and head circumference were significantly larger than theWHOgrowth charts (p < 0.001). We found that 21–28% of the children aged zero to one years exceeded theWHOgrowth chart for length by more than two standard deviations. For weight and head circumference, 9–16% of the children aged 0–10 years and 9–11% of the children from zero to two years exceeded theWHOcharts by more than two standard deviations. The Danish references were exceeded to a lesser degree.

Conclusion

This study showed that the growth of Greenlandic children up to 10 years was no longer stunted. Major determining factors suggested are genetic admixture, maternal overweight, changes in nutrition and improved health.
Antimicrobial labelling in Australia: a threat to antimicrobial stewardship?
Authors: Hardefeldt LY , Gilkerson JR , Billman‐Jacobe H , Stevenson MA , Thursky K , Browning GF , Bailey KE
Published: April 2018

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health emergency, placing veterinary antimicrobial use under growing scrutiny. Antimicrobial stewardship, through appropriate use of antimicrobials, is a response to this threat. The need for antimicrobial stewardship in Australian veterinary practices has had limited investigation. A 2016 survey undertaken to investigate antimicrobial usage patterns by Australian veterinarians found that antimicrobial dose rates were varied and often inappropriate. Doses of procaine penicillin in horses and cattle were often low, with 68% and 90% of respondents, respectively, reporting doses that were unlikely to result in plasma concentrations above minimum inhibitory concentrations for common equine and bovine pathogens. Frequency of penicillin administration was also often inappropriate. Gentamicin doses in horses were largely appropriate (89% of dose rates appropriate), but 9% of respondents reported twice daily dosing. Amoxycillin and amoxycillin‐clavulanate were administered at the appropriate doses, or above, to dogs and cats by 54% and 70% of respondents, respectively. Here, we explore the potential reasons for inappropriate antimicrobial dose regimens and report that antimicrobial labels often recommend incorrect dose rates and thus may be contributing to poor prescribing practices. Changes to legislation are needed to ensure that antimicrobial drug labels are regularly updated to reflect the dose needed to effectively and safely treat common veterinary pathogens. This will be especially true if changes in legislation restrict antimicrobial use by veterinarians to the uses and doses specified on the label, thus hampering the current momentum towards improved antimicrobial stewardship.
Tissue distribution, shedding and environmental detection of infectious bursal disease virus genome following infection of meat chickens at two ages
Authors: Jayasundara JMKGK , Walkden‐Brown SW , Islam AFMF , Katz ME , Renz KG
Published: April 2018

Objective

To compare the effects of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection of commercial meat chickens at 0 and 16 days old (d.o.) and determine if IBDV vRNA is quantifiable in litter and dust samples.

Methods

Ross meat chickens (n = 60) were orally infected or not with IBDV at 0 or 16 d.o. Blood and faecal samples were collected longitudinally to 28 days post infection (dpi) from six chickens and tissues collected weekly from three euthanased chickens. Relative bursal weight was recorded postmortem. IBDV antibody titres in sera were measured using ELISA and VCN was determined in tissues, faeces, litter and dust using qRT‐PCR.

Results

Chickens infected at 16 d.o. had earlier and more severe bursal atrophy, earlier and higher IBDV vRNA load in lymphoid organs and an earlier and greater antibody response to infection than those infected at 0 d.o. Faecal shedding of IBDV between 2 and 6 dpi was observed in both groups followed by cessation with the 0 d.o. group and re‐initiation of shedding at 28 dpi. IBDV was readily detected and quantified in litter and dust samples.

Conclusions

The presence of significant maternal antibody (MAb) titres in 0 d.o. chickens provided protection against IBDV replication and bursal atrophy at 7 and 14 days post infection. The reduced titres of MAb present at 16 d.o. did not prevent rapid IBDV replication and early marked bursal atrophy. The observed resistance of 0 d.o. chickens is likely to be a combination of MAb inhibition of IBDV and true age resistance of neonatal chicks. Measurement of IBDV in litter and dust may have research or diagnostic application.
Germline mutations in Protection of Telomeres 1 in two families with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: McMaster Mary L. , Sun Chongkui , Landi Maria  T. , Savage Sharon A. , Rotunno Melissa  , Yang  Xiaohong  R. , Jones Kristine , Vogt  Aurélie , Hutchinson Amy , Zhu Bin , Wang Mingyi , Hicks Belynda , Thirunavukarason Anand , Stewart  Douglas R. , Koutros Stella , Goldstein Alisa M. , Chanock Stephen J. , Caporaso Neil E. , Tucker  Margaret A. , Goldin Lynn R. , Liu Yie
Published: April 2018

In a previous whole exome sequencing of patients from 41 families with Hodgkin lymphoma, we identified two families with distinct heterozygous rare coding variants in POT1 (D224N and Y36H), both in a highly conserved region of the gene. POT1 D224N mutant did not bind to a single‐stranded telomere oligonucleotide in vitro suggesting the mutation perturbs POT1's ability to bind to the telomeric G‐rich overhang. Human HT1080 cells expressing POT1 D224N and lymphoblastoid cells carrying Y36H both showed increased telomere length and fragility in comparison to wild type cells. This strongly suggests that mutant POT1 causes chromosome instability and may play a role in lymphomagenesis in these families.
Mortality after endophthalmitis following contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Authors: Crosby Niall , Polkinghorne Philip J , Kim Bia , McGhee Charles NJ , Welch Sarah , Riley Andrew
Published: April 2018

Importance

To determine if endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is linked to increased mortality.

Background

Increased mortality has been linked to patients with cataract and cataract surgery. We tested the hypothesis that post‐cataract endophthalmitis has a greater risk of death than pseudophakes who do not develop this complication.

Design

Case–control study conducted in a tertiary public hospital.

Participants

The study group comprised 50 consecutive patients with post‐cataract endophthalmitis, and these were matched with selected controls.

Methods

Patients with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery were identified from a prospective electronic surgical database. Subsequently, it was determined if the patient was deceased at the time of sequestration (September 2015), and the date of death was recorded. A previously described population who had undergone cataract surgery in the same facility was selected as a control group, and the population was case‐matched in terms age, gender, presence or absence of diabetes and/or hypertension.

Main Outcome Measures

The median survival rates were determined for the control group and the patients with post‐cataract endophthalmitis.

Results

Fifty patients were identified as undergoing endophthalmitis post‐cataract surgery, and 48 (n = 48) met inclusion criteria (mean age 72 years ±12 SD with 30:18 F:M); 17% were diabetic, and 50% had systemic hypertension. No statistically significant difference in median survival between the study and control cases was identified (100 months (95% confidence interval 86–114) vs. 106 months (95% confidence interval 66–146), respectively, P = 0.756).

Conclusions and Relevance

Post‐cataract endophthalmitis was not associated with an increased rate of mortality in this study.
New classification of maxillary sinus contours and its relation to sinus floor elevation surgery
Authors: Niu Lixuan , Wang Juan , Yu Huajie , Qiu Lixin
Published: April 2018

Background

It is complicated to select an appropriate sinus floor elevation and the procedure for sinus floor elevation lacks of consensus. Sinus contour plays an important role in choosing a surgery approach. But there are still no published articles revealing the influence of sinus contours to sinus floor elevation surgery.

Purpose

We propose a new classification depending on sinus contours from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), analyze clinical characters of different types, and investigate the relationship between sinus contours and sinus floor elevation.

Materials and Methods

We divide sinus into five categories: narrow tapered, tapering, ovoid, square, and irregular. For the first four types, subtypes are classified into three categories: without recess, with buccal‐sinus‐recess (BSR), and with palate‐nasal‐recess (PNR). For irregular type, subtypes are classified into three categories: tooth protruding into sinus floor, irregular floor, and septa/exostosis on sinus floor. Then the distribution features of sinuses of 698 patients are described. Sinus widths are measured at second premolar, first and second molar on both sides, and are compared among different types and subtypes.

Results

Narrow tapered sinus occupies 88% at second premolar sites, while tapered sinus occupies almost 50% at first and second molar sites. At second premolar and first molar sites, 62% are without recess types. While 92% are without recess types at second molar. Sinuses with BSR present in only three of 3765 sites. There is an increasing trend of sinus width from narrow tapered to irregular type. Sinus width of the group with recesses is significantly higher than the one without recess. At the end, we provide corresponding treatment recommendations for each sinus types and subtypes.

Conclusion

This is the first classification system that gives treatment recommendations for sinus floor elevation surgery based on sinus contours. The classification system is consistent, easy to visualize, and practicable.
Effect of hybridization with genome exclusion on extinction risk
Authors: Quilodrán Claudio S. , Currat Mathias , Montoya‐Burgos Juan I.
Published: April 2018

Human‐induced habitat changes may lead to the breakdown of reproductive barriers between distantly related species. This phenomenon may result in fertile first‐generation hybrids (F1) that exclude the genome of one parental species during gametogenesis, thus disabling introgression. The species extinction risk associated with hybridization with genome exclusion is largely underappreciated because the phenomenon produces only F1 hybrid phenotype, leading to the misconception that hybrids are sterile and potentially of minor conservation concern. We used a simulation model that integrates the main genetic, demographic, and ecological processes to examine the dynamics of hybridization with genome exclusion. We showed that this mode of hybridization may lead to extremely rapid extinction when the process of genome exclusion is unbalanced between the interbreeding species and when the hybridization rate is not negligible. The coexistence of parental species was possible in some cases of asymmetrical genome exclusion, but show this equilibrium was highly vulnerable to environmental variation. Expanding the exclusive habitat of the species at risk allowed its persistence. Our results highlight the extent of possible extinction risk due to hybridization with genome exclusion and suggest habitat management as a promising conservation strategy. In anticipation of serious threats to biodiversity due to hybridization with genome exclusion, we recommend a detailed assessment of the reproductive status of hybrids in conservation programs. We suggest such assessments include the inspection of genetic content in hybrid gametes.
Hand eczema in nurses, nursing auxiliaries and cleaners—A cross‐sectional study from a tertiary hospital in western India
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev B. , Gupta Aayush , Shah Bhavika , Kothari Preeti , Darall Sweety , Boghara Dhara , Sonkar Sukhnandan , Deo Kirti
Published: April 2018

Background

Healthcare workers have a high risk of developing hand eczema.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and severity of dermatologist‐determined hand eczema among healthcare workers, carry out patch testing, and correlate the findings with impairment in quality of life (QoL) and demographic and vocational factors.

Methods

Seven hundred and ten healthcare workers (279 nurses, 246 cleaners, and 185 nursing auxiliaries) were screened for the presence of hand eczema. Severity of eczema was calculated with the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), and QoL was measured with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Individuals with hand eczema were also patch tested.

Results

The point and 1‐year prevalences of hand eczema were 7.2% and 18.9%, respectively. Hand eczema was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis. The mean HECSI score was 9.39; it was significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis and those with recurrent hand eczema. The mean DLQI score was 5.37. Cleaning staff had significantly greater impairment in QoL. HECSI and DLQI scores were positively correlated. Patch testing showed that thiuram mix, antibiotics and cleansers as sensitizers were over‐represented in healthcare workers as compared with controls.

Conclusions

Hand eczema was particularly common in hospital cleaners and staff with atopic dermatitis. Further studies are needed to address the burden of occupational hand eczema and develop guidelines for its management at a national level.
Resection with primary anastomosis vs nonrestorative resection for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gachabayov M. , Oberkofler C. E. , Tuech J. J. , Hahnloser D. , Bergamaschi R.
Published: April 2018

Aim

It is still controversial whether the optimal operation for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis is primary anastomosis (PRA) or nonrestorative resection (NRR). The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate mortality and morbidity rates following emergency resection for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis and ostomy reversal, as well as ostomy nonreversal rates.

Method

The Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Mortality was the primary end‐point. A subgroup meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed in addition to a meta‐analysis of all eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Results

Seventeen studies, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 1016 patients (392 PRA vs 624 NRR) were included. Overall, mortality was significantly lower in patients with PRA compared with patients with NRR [OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.24, 0.60), P < 0.0001]. Organ/space surgical site infection (SSI) [OR (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.10, 0.63), P = 0.003], reoperation [OR (95% CI) = 0.48 (0.25, 0.91), P = 0.02] and ostomy nonreversal rates [OR (95% CI) = 0.27 (0.09, 0.84), P = 0.02] were significantly decreased in PRA. In the RCTs, the mortality rate did not differ [OR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.15, 1.38), P = 0.17]. The mean operating time for PRA was significantly longer than for NRR [MD (95% CI) = 19.96 (7.40, 32.52), P = 0.002]. Organ/space SSI [OR (95% CI) = 0.28 (0.09, 0.82), P = 0.02] was lower after PRA. Ostomy nonreversal rates were lower after PRA. The difference was not statistically significant [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.06, 1.11), P = 0.07]. However, it was clinically significant [number needed to treat/harm (95% CI) = 5 (3.1, 8.9)].

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis found that organ/space SSI rates as well as ostomy nonreversal rates were decreased in PRA at the cost of prolonging the operating time.
Evaluation of phonological processing skills of young children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Thompson Heather L
Published: April 2018

This commentary is on the original article by Arnold et al. on pages 703–710 of this issue.
Genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variations at NFATC2IP locus with weight loss in response to diet interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Sun Dianjianyi , Heianza Yoriko , Li Xiang , Shang Xiaoyun , Smith Steven R. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu
Published: April 2018

DNA Methylation of NFATC2IP was recently identified as being causally related to body mass index. The present study aimed to examine the roles of the genetic variation, methylation and gene expression at this locus in adiposity changes in a 2‐year weight‐loss trial. Participants (n = 692) were genotyped and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 reduced‐calorie diets, DNA methylation was derived from stored blood samples at baseline (n = 48), and adipose tissue gene expression was measured in 96 volunteers. We found significant interactions of fat intake with the genetic (rs11150675) and transcriptional (ILMN_1725441) variations at the NFATC2IP locus on 2‐year weight change (Pinteraction < .01). Similarly, cis‐DNA methylation at cg26663590 of the NFATC2IP locus showed an opposite impact on weight‐loss in response to high‐fat vs low‐fat diet (effect size, 4.62 vs −1.24 kg). Additionally, baseline methylation at cg26663590 causally mediated 52.8% of the effect of rs11150675 on 2‐year weight‐loss in the high‐fat diet group (P = .01), whereas no such mediation was observed in the low‐fat diet group. Our findings suggest potentially causal effects of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variations at the NFATC2IP locus on adiposity changes in response to dietary fat intake.
Perceived Managerial and Leadership Effectiveness in UAE and Egypt: A Comparison through the Combined Lenses of Islamic Work Ethics and Islamic Leadership
Authors: Patel Taran , Salih Ahmad , Hamlin Robert G.
Published: April 2018

We conduct an emic replication study of managerial and leadership effectiveness in UAE, thereby addressing the paucity in extant literature of indigenous management research in non‐Western countries. Second, we compare our findings from the UAE study with those from a similar study previously conducted by author 3 in Egypt, to reveal that there are considerable similarities in the perceived effectiveness and ineffectiveness of managerial behavior across these two countries, but also considerable differences. Finally and most importantly, we examine the findings from the two studies through the combined conceptual lenses of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) and Islamic Leadership (IL). We find that more than half of positive and negative Behavioral Statements emerging from these studies are grounded in the principles of IWE and IL, implying that these principles exercise significant influence on followers’ Implicit Leadership Theories, and consequently their perceptions of managerial and leader behaviors. Theoretical and managerial implications are also offered.
Transplantation of hepatitis C virus infected kidneys into hepatitis C virus uninfected recipients
Authors: Sise Meghan E. , Chute Donald F. , Gustafson Jenna L. , Wojciechowski David , Elias Nahel , Chung Raymond T. , Williams Winfred W.
Published: April 2018

Long wait times for kidney transplant and the high risk of mortality on dialysis have prompted investigation into strategies to increase organ allocation and decrease discard rates of potentially viable kidneys. Organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive donors are often rejected; nearly 500 HCV‐infected kidneys are discarded annually in the United States. Due the opioid epidemic, the number of HCV‐infected donors has increased because of a rise in both new HCV infections and drug‐related deaths. In the past 5 years, HCV has been transformed into a curable illness with direct‐acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) that are effective in >95% of patients treated and are extremely well tolerated. Recent data has shown several direct‐acting antiviral combinations are safe and effective after kidney transplant, and can achieve the same high cure rate seen in the general population and without increasing the rate of acute rejection. Because of this, strategies to decrease discard of HCV‐infected organs have been devised. Two recent studies have transplanted HCV‐uninfected dialysis patients with kidneys from donors actively infected with HCV; recipients were treated with DAA in the peri‐transplant period. More research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach, but it has the potential to dramatically increase the donor pool of available kidneys, shorten waitlist times and ultimately decreases mortality in patients waiting for kidney transplant.
Non‐Attuned Mind‐Mindedness, Infant Negative Affect, and Emotional Availability: Assessing Mind‐Mindedness during the Still‐Face Paradigm
Authors: McMahon Catherine , Newey Brooklyn
Published: April 2018

Mind‐mindedness captures caregiver orientation to infant mental states expressed in mind‐related comments to infant cues, typically assessed during free play. There are two orthogonal dimensions: Appropriate comments accurately interpret the infant's experience, and non‐attuned comments are judged by observers to be inaccurate interpretations. Appropriate comments have been consistently associated with optimal caregiving behavior, but less is known about non‐attuned comments, rare during free play. Further, available evidence suggests mind‐mindedness is independent of infant temperament, but few studies have examined relations between mind‐mindedness and infant behavior during real‐time interaction. We addressed these issues using the Still‐Face Paradigm. Participants were 76 mothers and their 7‐month‐old infants. Mind‐mindedness, emotional availability, and infant negative affect were independently coded. Unexpectedly, appropriate mind‐related comments were not associated with emotional availability nor with infant negative affect. Mothers who made non‐attuned comments showed lower emotional availability, and their infants showed more extreme responses to the still‐face—either no negative affect or crying. Infants whose mothers made non‐attuned comments early showed less recovery in reunion episodes. Infant negative affect in early episodes also influenced mind‐related comments; mothers whose infants showed no negative affect made fewer appropriate comments in later episodes. Implications of assessing mind‐mindedness in stress contexts are discussed.
Developmental performance of 5‐year‐old Bulgarian children—An example of translational neuroscience in practice
Authors: Yordanova Ralitsa , Ivanov Ivan
Published: April 2018

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Developmental testing is essential for early recognition of the various developmental impairments. The tools used should be composed of items that are age specific, adapted, and standardized for the population they are applied to. The achievements of neurosciences, medicine, psychology, pedagogy, etc. are applied in the elaboration of a comprehensive examination tool that should screen all major areas of development. The key age of 5 years permits identification of almost all major developmental disabilities leaving time for therapeutic intervention before school entrance.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the developmental performance of 5‐year‐old Bulgarian children using the approach of translation neuroscience.

Method

A comprehensive test program was developed composed of 89 items grouped in the following domains: fine and gross motor development, coordination and balance, central motor neuron disturbances, language development and articulation, perception, attention and behavior, visual acuity, and strabismus. The overall sample comprises 434 children of mean age 63.5 months (SD—3.7). Male to female ratio is 1:1.02. From this group, 390 children are between 60 and 71 months of age. The children are examined in 51 kindergartens in 21 villages and 18 cities randomly chosen in southern Bulgaria. Eight children were excluded from the final analysis because they fulfilled less than 50% of the test items (7 children did not cooperate and 1 child was with autistic spectrum disorder).

Results

The items with abnormal response in less than 5% of the children are 43. The items with abnormal response in 6% to 35% of the children are 37. The items with high abnormal response (more than 35%) rate are only 9.

Conclusions

The test is an example of a translational approach in neuroscience. On one hand, it is based on the results of several sciences studying growth and development from different perspective. On the other hand, the results from the present research may be implemented in other fields of child development—education, psychology, speech and language therapy, and intervention programs.
Physiotherapy based on problem‐solving in upper limb function and neuroplasticity in chronic stroke patients: A case series
Authors: Carvalho Raquel , Azevedo Elsa , Marques Paulo , Dias Nuno , Cerqueira João José
Published: April 2018

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Upper limb recovery is one of the main concerns of stroke neurorehabilitation. Neuroplasticity might underlie such recovery, particularly in the chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physiotherapy based on problem‐solving in recovering arm function in chronic stroke patients and explore its neuroplastic changes.

Methods

A small sample research design with a n of 3 using a pre‐post test design was carried out. Neuroplasticity and function were assessed by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (during motor imagery and performance), action research arm test, motor assessment scale, and Fugl‐Meyer assessment scale, at 3 sequential time periods: baseline(m0—before a 4‐week period without physiotherapy), pre‐treatment(m1), and post‐treatment(m2). Minimal clinical important differences and a recovery score were assessed. Assessors were blinded to moment assignment. Patients1 underwent physiotherapy sessions, 50 minutes, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Four control subjects served as a reference for functional magnetic resonance imaging changes.

Results

All patients recovered more than 20% after intervention. Stroke patients had similar increased areas as healthy subjects during motor execution but not during imagination at baseline. Consequently, all patients increased activity in the contralateral precentral area after intervention.

Conclusions

This study indicates that 4 weeks of physiotherapy promoted the recovery of arm function and neuroplasticity in all chronic stroke patients. Future research is recommended to determine the efficacy of this therapy.
The effect of substrate rearing on growth, aerobic scope and physiology of larval white sturgeonAcipenser transmontanus
Authors: Boucher M. A. , Baker D. W. , Brauner C. J. , Shrimpton J. M.
Published: April 2018

The effect of substratum on growth and metabolic rate was assessed in larval white sturgeonAcipenser transmontanus. Yolk‐sac larvae (YSL) were reared in bare tanks or tanks with gravel as substratum from hatch until approximately 16 days post hatch (dph). The effect of an artificial substratum was also evaluated on growth alone. Substratum had a significant effect on mass, with larvae reared in gravel and artificial substrata being larger than those reared without substratum. Routine metabolic rates were significantly lower and relative aerobic scope (the difference between maximum and routine metabolic rate) was significantly higher for YSL and feeding larvae (FL) reared in gravel relative to those reared in bare tanks, particularly before fish started feeding exogenously. Furthermore, gravel‐reared larvae had higher whole‐body glycogen concentrations relative to bare‐tank‐reared larvae. Routine factorial scope (maximum metabolic rate divided by routine metabolic rate) was relatively low in all treatments (< 1·7) indicating a limited ability to elevate metabolic rate above routine early in development and mass exponents for metabolic rate exceeded 1. Taken together, these data indicate that YSL reared without substratum may divert more of their energy to non‐growth related processes impairing growth. This finding underscores the importance of adequate rearing substratum for growth ofA. transmontanusand may provide support for habitat restoration and alternative hatchery rearing methods associated with sturgeon conservation.
A Systems Approach to Identify Factors Influencing Adverse Drug Events in Nursing Homes
Authors: Al‐Jumaili Ali Azeez , Doucette William R.
Published: April 2018

The objectives of the study were to identify the incidence rate and characteristics of adverse drug events (ADEs) in nursing homes (NHs) using the ADE trigger tool and to evaluate the relationships between resident and facility work system factors and incidence of ADEs using the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. The study used 2 observational quantitative methods, retrospective resident chart extraction, and surveys. The participating staff included Directors of nursing, registered nurses, certified nurse assistants (CNAs). Data were collected from fall 2016 to spring 2017 from 11 NHs in 9 cities in Iowa. Binary logistic regression with generalized estimated equations was used to measure the association between ADE incidence and resident and facility characteristics. We extracted data from 755 medical charts and conducted 33 staff surveys. There were 6.13 ADEs per 100 residents per month. More than half were fall‐related (51.1%), and half of those were due to hypotension. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between ADEs and opioid analgesics, psychotropic medications, warfarin, skilled care, consultant pharmacist accessibility, nurse‐physician collaboration, CNA vital sign assessment skills, number of physician visits, nurse workload, and use of electronic health records. Five resident characteristics (skilled care, dementia, use of opioids, warfarin, psychotropics) and variables from 5 domains of the facility work system (organization, task, environment, person, technology) had significant associations with ADE incidence. The SEIPS model successfully identified work system factors influencing ADEs in NHs.