bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retorting methods of silicon supply on growth stages of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through skipped irrigation system
Authors: Bukhari Muhammad Adnan , Ahmad Zahoor , Saqib Muhammad , Nasim Wajid , Iqbal Javid , Artyszak Arkadiusz , Baloch Mohammad Safdar , Siddiqui Manzer H.
Published: February 2023

Plants are exposed to various abiotic stressors in agricultural systems, especially drought stressors, which hinder plant growth and development. Two years field studies have been carried out on two wheat genotypes viz; chakwal-50 (drought tolerant) and sehar-06 (drought sensitive) under skipped irrigation systems via; three methods of silicon (Si) supply along with control treatment at Research Farm Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab-Pakistan, were focused to optimize method and time of exogenous Si supply under field environment. Irrigation was skipped at tillering growth stage (irrigation skipped at tillering = I1) and at anthesis growth stage (irrigations skipped at anthesis = I2) with controlled irrigation (no irrigation skipped = I0). When plants were grown under normal irrigation (I0 = no skipped irrigation) conditions with Si application at tillering, genotype Sehar-06 performed very well with maximum number of tillers (538 m− 2), number of fertile tillers (494 m− 2), spike length (12.13 cm), number of spikelet spike− 1 (21.97), number of grains spike− 1 (54.60), grain and biological yield (5.20 tha− 1 and 11.88 tha− 1, respectively) and harvest index (40.35%), compared to other irrigation treatments (I1 and I2) during both the years 2011-12 and 2012-13. However, genotype chakwal-50 produced highest BY (12.68 tha− 1) and GY (5.04 tha− 1) as compared to sehar-06 with utilization of silicon fertigation (soil applied) method at tillering. When irrigation was skipped at anthesis stage (I2), plants of chakwal-50 performed very well with maximum GY (5.20 tha− 1) as compared to sehar-06. Under normal irrigation (I0) along with Si tillering Sehar-06 gained more GY (5.13 tha− 1), as chakwal-50 is drought tolerant genotype and gave more GY (4.91 tha− 1) at anthesis through Si seed priming. Chakwal-50 produced more grain yield with exogenous Si application under fertigation method at tillering and followed by seed priming.
Accurate prediction algorithm of rolling force in slab gradient temperature rolling process
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Wei , Cheng Zhicheng , Cai Qingwu
Published: February 2023

The temperature gradient rolling (GTR) method effectively improves the problem of uneven deformation of surface and core in the rolling of extra-thick plate. Different from the traditional near uniform temperature rolling (UTR) process, there is a large temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the rolled piece during the GTR process, and the rolling force prediction model of uniform temperature rolling cannot be directly applied. Rolling force prediction model is one of the important process control models of plate mill and the basis of plate thickness control. However, there is few research for the method of rolling force predicting during GTR. In order to predict the change of stopping force in GTR process and control the rolling process better, the current paper proposed a simplified method based on the deformation resistance model, fitting of temperature distribution, differential method, and loop iteration. The precision of the method was examined by using a finite element model and plane strain experiment. The mean error between the method and FEM was less than 5%.
Two Novel coumarin-based fluorescent probes for the detection of Cu2+ and biological applications
Authors: Zhang Canxin , Huang Li , Wang Lizhen , Meng Xia , Zhou Jianhua , Duan Hongdong
Published: February 2023

Large accumulations of copper (Cu) ions in the human body may cause damage, including organ and brain damage. In recent years, studies have proven that a large accumulation of Cu ions can lead to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, therefore it is great important to develop novel strategies for detecting trace Cu in environmental and biological samples. In this work, we designed two new coumarin-based colorimetric and fluorescent probes HQ1 and HQ2. These two probes could selectively respond to Cu2+ with obvious color and fluorescence changes, and the presence of other metal ions had no effect on these changes. The two probes also exhibited high sensitivity for Cu2+, with a detection limit as low as 1.81×10-8 M/ 1.57×10-8 M. Notably, the two probes showed potential practical applications and were successfully used for detecting Cu2+ in a test strip, A549 cells and living zebrafish larvae.
Food Web Structure in the Xingu River Rapids Prior to Operation of the Amazon’S Largest Hydropower Plant
Authors: Andrade Marcelo C , Keppeler Friedrich W , Zuluaga-Gómez Mario Alejandro , Conceição Jefferson W S , Lisboa Oliver P , Andrades Ryan , Winemiller Kirk , Giarrizzo Tommaso
Published: February 2023

Recent theoretical studies suggest that food webs are size-structured with top predators coupling different energy sources, but evidence for this hypothesis is still scarce, especially in highly diverse tropical rivers. Here, we explored the association between body size, trophic position, and the use of allochthonous and autochthonous basal production sources in the Volta Grande rapids of the Xingu River, a major clearwater tributary of the Amazon River, during the period prior to operation of the Belo Monte Hydropower Plant (BMHP). This section of the river contains a maze of channels with rocky shoals that support dozens of endemic fishes, mollusks and other aquatic taxa that may be impacted by flow regulation by the Pimental Dam located upstream. During the low-water season, we surveyed fish, crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, aquatic and terrestrial insects, zooplankton, and basal production sources to obtain tissue samples for analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). Biomass of most aquatic organisms appears to be largely supported by riparian vegetation, highlighting the importance of the lateral connectivity between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Unlike expected, we did not observe a gradual increase in coupling of energy pathways with increasing body size and trophic position. Findings provide a baseline for trophic ecology of this river under the natural flow regime for future impact assessments, and also indicated that more complex food web models, potentially including additional functional traits (e.g., gut length), are needed to describe resource and habitat use in highly diverse tropical ecosystems.
Metabolically versatile psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B is an efficient producer of siderophores and accompanying metabolites (SAM) useful for agricultural purposes
Authors: Musialowski Marcin , Kowalewska Lucja , Stasiuk Robert , Krucon Tomasz , Debiec-Andrzejewska Klaudia
Published: February 2023

Background
Bacterial siderophores are chelating compounds with the potential for application in agriculture, due to their plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties, however, high production and purification costs are limiting factors for their wider application. Cost-efficiency of the production could be increased by omitting purification processes, especially since siderophores accompanying metabolites (SAM) often also possess PGP traits. In this study, the metabolism versatility of Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B was used for the optimization of siderophores production and the potential of these metabolites and SAM was characterized in the context of PGP properties.
Results
The metabolic diversity of ANT_H12B was examined through genomic analysis and phenotype microarrays. The strain was found to be able to use numerous C, N, P, and S sources, which allowed for the design of novel media suitable for the efficient production of siderophores in the form of pyoverdine (223.50 – 512.60μM). Moreover, depending on the culture medium, the pH of the siderophores and SAM solutions varied from acidic (pH<5) to alkaline (pH>8). In the germination test, siderophores and SAM were shown to have a positive effect on plants, with a significant increase in germination percentage observed in beetroot, pea, and tobacco. The PGP potential of SAM was further elucidated through GC/MS analysis, which revealed other compounds with PGP potential, such as indolic acetic acids, organic acids, fatty acids, sugars, and alcohols. These compounds not only improved seed germination but could also potentially be beneficial for plant fitness and soil quality.
Conclusions
Pseudomonassp. ANT_H12B was presented as an efficient producer of siderophores and SAM which exhibit PGP potential. It was also shown that omitting downstream processes could not only limit the costs of siderophores production but also improve their agricultural potential.
Observation and Analysis of Surge Impact Characteristics of Low-voltage Overhead Lines Caused by Natural Lightning
Authors: Yan Xu , Chen Shaodong , Ding Min , Lyu Weitao , Chen Chang , Zhang Yijun , Chen Lyewen , Li Yangbin
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the residual voltage of a surge impacting surge protective device (SPD) generated by the coupling of a 710 m low-voltage overhead line is observed and analyzed. Based on the observation results of 65 natural lightning returns, it is found that, with a duration of 97.3 µs, the peak value of the SPD’s residual voltage was 767.6 V. In addition, the peak current flowing through the SPD was 6.4 A, and the energy absorbed by the SPD was only 0.2 J. According to the different return stroke process and its superimposed M component, the surge impacting SPD was divided into three categories. The currents flowing through SPD of type A and type B were basically the same, but the residual voltage waveform differed, The surge impact was mainly in the return stroke process. Type C was quite different from the other two types: The surge impact was expanded in the form of superposition of M component in the return stroke process, the residual voltage duration and peak current flowing through SPD were about twice those of the other two types, and the energy absorbed by SPD was about 5.8 times. There was a certain correlation between the current peak value of the subsequent return stroke flowing through SPD and the ratio of lightning current peak value and distance, with the determination coefficient R2 reaching 0.71, while the correlation of the first return stroke was weak, the R2 being only 0.48.
Improvement of the properties of CrN Films on oxynitriding treated Vanadis 23 high-speed steel by the DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chang Shih-Hsien , Shiao Wen-Yu , Huang Kuo-Tsung
Published: February 2023

This study coated CrN films onto oxynitriding-treated Vanadis 23 high-speed steel using the DC magnetron sputtering process of the PVD technique. The experimental parameters include various deposition temperatures (275, 300, 325, and 350°C), a bias of -25 V, a power of 100 W, a gas flow rate of 45/30 (Ar/N2) sccm, and a deposition time of 2.5 h. The research results show that when the coatings were deposited at 325°C, the CrN coatings possessed an obvious columnar crystal structure, the highest hardness (13.4 GPa), and the highest elastic modulus (159.7 GPa). In addition, the CrN coating had the best wear properties (the lowest specific wear rates were 1.07×10− 6 and 1.33×10− 6 mm3·m− 1·N− 1 under the loads of 2 N and 4 N, respectively) and good corrosion resistance (corrosion current was 8.90×10− 5 A·cm− 2, and polarization resistance was 822.11 Ω·cm2 in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution).
Remnant cholesterol is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jin Junguo , Hu Xiangming , Francois Melissa , Zeng Ping , Wang Weimian , Yu Bingyan , Zhou Yingling , Dong Haojian
Published: February 2023

Background: Epidemiologic evidence suggested that remnant cholesterol (RC) is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, RC has been connected with different types of cardiometabolic disorders. We aim to clarify the relationship among RC, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and subsequent CVD.
Methods: We enrolled 7471 individuals into our study from China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 and followed participants till 2015. RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction and stroke. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between RC and MetS as well as CVD. The correlation between RC and MetS or its components were analyzed. We further investigated whether the association between RC and CVD was mediated by MetS.
Results: Of all subjects, 24.73% were diagnosed with MetS and 3.58% developed CVD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis elucidated that the risk of MetS increased with RC tertiles and was elevated after adjusting all the confounder factors, (odds ratio: 3.50, 95% confidence interval: 3.22-3.80, P for trend <0.001). Meanwhile, we found that RC level is associated with the prevalence of all the components of MetS. Significant indirect effects of RC between MetS and CVD were found, with the index mediated at 60.90% of the association.
Conclusions:Our study provides the evidence that RC level is independently associated with the prevalence of MetS and each component of MetS. MetS partially mediated the association between RC level and CVD risk.
Dual Architecture and Bioenergetics of Cellulose-Graphene Oxide-Arginine Aerogel Supports Stem Cell Bioactivity for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Pareek Puneet , Chaudhary Shivani , Singh Sonu , Thodikayil Aiswarya Thattaru , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh , Kumar Sachin
Published: February 2023

The avascular nature of cartilage tissue limits the self-regeneration ability of the tissue to counter any damage and this has become a substantial burden to health of individuals. As a result, there is a high demand to repair and regenerate cartilage; several methods have been developed, primarily based on tissue-engineering techniques. So far, emphasis has been given to modifying the scaffold’s surface chemistry, crosslinking, and porosity to induce stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes to deposit thick cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). However, most of these studies produced either microporous or nano-fibrous scaffolds to regenerate cartilage, but they lack biomimetic dual architecture of microporous construct with nano-fibrous interconnected structure like the native cartilage. Over the years, researchers have designed scaffolds to mimic tissue microenvironment with key metabolic components to promote efficient regeneration of tissue. Thus, scaffolds with dual architecture of microporous construct comprising of a nano-fibrous interconnected networks like native cartilage embedded with metabolite sources are necessary for a successful engineering of cartilage regeneration. Hence, in the present work, we have developed a biomimetic elastic, micro porous construct with nano-fibrous interconnection network of cellulose aerogel reinforced with arginine amino acid-functionalized graphene oxide for cartilage regeneration. The designed dual architectured aerogel loaded with bioenergetics provided multifunctionality via biomimetic morphology, enhanced mechanical stability, and cellular energetics to address the need for regeneration of cartilage tissues.
Pharmacognostical assessment, antioxidant ability and determination of phytomolecules using GC-MS in Gloriosa superba Linn
Authors: Singh Anupriya , Rai Geeta , Kumar Ashwani , Gautam Dev Nath Singh
Published: February 2023

Gloriosa superba Linn (family Colchicaceae) is a tendril climber with cylindrical and V or L shaped rhizomes that has received much attention due to its ancient pharmacological uses and being a rich source of colchicine. The pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome were analysed to assure the grade of raw material in the proposed investigation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic rhizome extract of G. superba (EREG) was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Simultaneously, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile of EREG by GC-MS and total phenolic content was performed as well. Transverse section of rhizome revealed thin layer of brownish scales that fabricate the outer skin. In addition, the cortical area made up of homogeneous fleshy and parenchymal cells filled with starch granules which is one of the superabundant diagnostic features of this plant. Pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome of the plant demonstrated the evidence of authenticity of this plant. Anti-scavenging capacity (IC50) and total phenolic content was 77.20% and 9.54 mg, GAE/g, respectively. The GC-MS library identified two phytoconstituents as diethyl phthalate (100% peak area) and arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester (22.68% peak area) whose vast benefits are reported in the fields of pharmaceuticals, industry and personal care products. Frivolous research work in the field of pharmacognosy, antioxidant ability and instrumental analysis for phytomolecules provides a vast avenue for research on G. superba.
Heavy metals contamination and ecological risks in agricultural soils of Usak, western Turkey: A geostatistical and multivariate analysis
Authors: Yildiz Umit , Ozkul Cafer
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to determine and evaluate the concentrations of As, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb, and the physicochemical properties of 48 agricultural soil samples, to identify potential ecological risks and their sources associated with heavy metals contamination in Usak, western Turkey. Various methods were used to assess ecological risks, including geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), potential ecological risk (RI), and pollution load index (PLI). The heavy metals concentrations ranged from 4 to 61 mg/kg for As, 8 to 48 mg/kg for Cu, 0.01 to 0.06 mg/kg for Hg, 30 to 813 mg/kg for Ni, and 4 to 30 mg/kg for Pb. The mean As and Ni concentrations were much greater than Earth’s crustal average, the world’s mean values, and mean values from many other emerging countries. Igeo and EF values for As, Ni, and Pb indicate various degrees of contamination. Cdeg values show that 96% of the study area is affected to some degree by contamination. For RI values, 38% indicate ecological risks ranging from moderate to considerable degrees. PLI values show that 75% of the agricultural soils are moderately polluted. Spatial distribution maps of Cdeg, RI, and PLI show that the northeastern and southwestern parts of the study area have been polluted to different levels by As, Ni, and Pb. Industrial activities and excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides were identified as major sources of heavy metals contamination in the agricultural soils of Uşak.
Understanding the Effect of Magnetic Field and Nanoparticle Concentration on Brownian Relaxation Time in Magnetic Nanofluids: A Semi-Analytical Model
Authors: Osaci Mihaela , Cacciola Matteo
Published: February 2023

Magnetic nanofluids are used in many types of applications. Therefore, the dynamics of magnetic nanoparticle systems under the action of magnetic field were intensively studied, lately. Many studies related to biomedical applications consider the Brownian relaxation time independent from the magnetic field and nanoparticle concentration. This modelling assumption can lead to certain errors in the estimation of some parameters of interest. Thus, these errors also propagate in the determination of the effective relaxation time, which is of great importance in the estimation of some quantities of interest such as SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) or ILP (Intrinsic Loss Power Values) for magnetic hyperthermia. This paper presents a study of these errors starting from a semi-analytical model. Our experimental results can be useful to understand the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation of a nanofluid in various conditions and, above all, to create suitable numerical evaluation models.
Prevalence of dental caries and knowledge of probiotics according to the Oral Health Monitoring Survey (OHMS) in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Guhanraj Radhamanalan , Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
Published: February 2023

Background:
Probiotics are necessary to keep your gut healthy. In the current atmosphere, when dangerous bacteria are becoming new and further resistant to medications, maintaining a healthy gut microbiota has become essential for everyone. One's healthy lifestyle and social confidence are significantly predisposed to oral health.
Methods:
A total of 184 tooth swabs were collected from individuals in Tamil Nadu. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from dental caries tooth swab samples using standard plate count methods. A cross-sectional Oral Health Monitoring Survey (OHMS) was taken by a simple random selection process among major cities in Tamil Nadu, India. The population DMFT index and knowledge of probiotics were determined using SPSS Inc.'s statistical software for social sciences, version 28.0.1.1(15).
Results:
We found 156 dental caries pathogens among the Bacteria (57.05%) and fungi (42.95%) isolated from dental pathogens in Tamil Nadu. The DMFT index was modest at 2.5. about 85% of individuals are unaware of probiotics owing to a lack of awareness. The questionary showed that even though people are well educated along with that having proper oral hygiene practices but food consumption plays a vital role in dental caries formation and severe DMFT.
Conclusion:
The use of cariogenic items such as soft drinks, sugar, chocolate, citrus juices, junk food, sweets, and sweetened juices was obviously shown to be greater in those with the DMFT profile. However, those patients were unaware of how probiotics may shield them from cavities. Even though the respondents exercise good oral health, their poor eating habits are what mostly contribute to the development of dental caries. Probiotic microbes promote oral health and are safe for human consumption. Probiotics are a novel and exciting area of study in oral microbiology and oral medicine.
Practical implication:
Dental caries-causing bacteria can be treated by probiotic-based therapy such as Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium.
Pilot Scale Tannin Extraction from Chestnut Wood Waste using Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Meneguzzo Francesco , Albanese Lorenzo , Faraloni Cecilia , Meneguzzo Cosimo , Tagliavento Luca , Zabini Federica
Published: February 2023

Tannins, extracted from various plant sources, are worldwide commodities used in several different fields, including leather manufacturing and the production of bio-based adhesives, with emerging use in technical, environmental, food and feed sectors, pharmacology. Due to increasing market demand, few emerging techniques were proposed besides the usual hot water extraction usually performed under pressurized conditions. For the first time, hydrodynamic cavitation, an emerging and straightforwardly scalable green extraction technique, was applied to the extraction of tannins from chestnut wood waste in water only and at room pressure, without any pretreatment of the raw material. Promising performances were shown based on tests carried out from room temperature up to 100°C. Extraction rates close to 300 mg of tannin per gram of chestnut wood material (dry basis) were observed, as well as high levels of the antioxidant activity of the obtained extract (IC50 about 10 µg of chestnut wood waste, or 2.45 µg of extracted tannin, per mL of solution). Specific energy consumption was less than 80 Wh per mg of tannin extracted from 1 g of chestnut wood material. The proposed technique would be suitable for both small-scale and industrial extraction facilities.
The Impact of Instrumental Group Relations on Response Monitoring of Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Tao Aihua , Ouyang Zhongming , Zhou Chencui , Liu Huijie
Published: February 2023

Aggressive behavior is any behavior in which one individual or group intentionally causes harm to another targeted individual or group. Aggressive behaviors such as school violence, doctor-patient conflicts, and violent crimes, which are increasing year by year, bringing serious economic burdens and strong negative impacts on individuals and the entire society. Performance monitoring is the core function of the human executive system, plays a key role in behavior correction and goal-directed behavior, and is the psychological basis for reducing and intervening aggressive behavior. Effective performance monitoring depends primarily on two factors: threat detection (threat sensitivity) and response inhibition. Instrumental group relationship refers to the relationship between individual resources and group identity and group interests in a resource-competitive society. Instrumental group relations are divided into group identity and intergroup prejudice. Aggressive behavior theories include group identity theory and intergroup bias theory. Instrumental group relationships may have a looser psychological perception threshold for threat and lead to decreased executive functioning. In this study, we designed two experiments to investigate this question. Experiment 1 used the flanker-go/no go task to examine the effect of group identification on performance monitoring of aggressive behavior; Experiment 2 also used the flanker-go/no go task to investigate the effect of intergroup prejudice on performance monitoring of aggressive behavior. The results show that (1) the higher the implicit group identity, the greater the threat sensitivity. The higher the implicit intergroup prejudice, the greater the threat sensitivity. (2) Individuals are more sensitive to aggressive threats than to symbolic threats than to realistic threats. (3) In response inhibition, the higher the implicit identification, the weaker the response inhibition; (4) The ability of response inhibition under aggressive threat is lower than that of symbolic threat and lower than that of realistic threat
More Than Psychometric Properties of The Fear of Covid-19 Scale. The Struggle of The Portuguese Police Officers
Authors: Sousa Bárbara , Corria-Santos Patrícia , Brooke Erika , Costa Patrício , Maia Ângela
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic conveyed consequences for people’s physical and mental health. During the worst pandemic scenarios, police officers were one of the most exposed populations. This situation brought these professionals unusual responsibilities, such as adjust work shifts and allocate police officers from operational and administrative services to the Covid-19 supervision teams and put them at an elevated risk of contracting the virus because they are also frontlineworkers too, and they often did not have personal protective equipment. Due to this, the main objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the Fear of Covid-19 among police officers, as well as to know how the fear of Covid-19 relates to the mental health during the worst wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Portugal.
Methodogy: Participants were 174 police officers aged between 23 and 58 years old (M=40.81; SD=6.83) who completed the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire, and the Posttraumatic Disorder Checklist for DSM-5.
Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good adjustment fit for the two-factor model. Construct validity was supported, and the internal consistency was good for both periods of assessment. The model proved invariant for both groups (pre and during lockdown) at the measurement, scalar, and structural levels.
Originality: Study findings suggest that the Portuguese Version of FCV-19S is a reliable measure to assess the fear of Covid-19 among police officers, including during the pandemic development.
Metadichol ; An agonist that expresses anti-aging gene Klotho in various cell lines
Authors: Raghavan Palayakotai R
Published: February 2023

Klotho is a well-known tumor suppressor hormone that exhibits anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. Klotho levels are low or non-existent in cancer patients. Klotho protein levels decrease with aging; maintaining consistent levels may prevent disease and promote healthier aging. Metadichol is a nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols C26, C28, and C30, of which C-28 constitutes over 85%. Any small molecule that can elevate Klotho can, in principle, help reverse many diseases in which Klotho levels are low. Previously, we showed that treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC1, MIA-PACA, and COLO-205, combined with Metadichol, a lipid emulsion consisting of long-chain alcohols at 1-100 pg/mL concentrations, resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in Klotho expression as determined by qRT-PCR, This study aimed to demonstrate that Metadichol promotes Klotho expression in a wide variety of cell lines, such as primary cancer, stem, and somatic cell lines. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Metadichol ranging from 1 pg to 1 µg. Three to fifteen fold increase in Klotho expression was observed compared with baseline, as measured by qRT-PCR and qualified by western blot analysis. Metadichol is a natural agonist of Klotho expression and is non-toxic at levels up to 5000 mg/kg in rats. and has a potential therapeutic role in cancer and reversing aging.
Kompass für ein solidarisches Quartier : reale Utopien für eine andere Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Hellriegel Maximilian , Schmitt Pacífico Sara
Published: February 2023

Im Rahmen einer angewandten kritischen Geographie beschäftigen wir uns in unserer Masterarbeit mit Realen Utopien auf Quartiersebene und zeigen, dass eine alternative Neuausrichtung der Stadtplanung und -entwicklung nötig und möglich ist. Die Grundlage dafür bildet eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff der Utopie und der Ebene des Quartiers. Das städtische Quartier bildet einen Möglichkeitsraum, einen space of hope (Harvey 2000), in dem Alternativen jenseits kapitalistischer Verwertungsinteressen praktiziert und gelebt werden können. Diesen Möglichkeitsraum gilt es vielfältig zu gestalten und gegenwärtigen, neoliberalen Stadtentwicklungs-paradigmen Reale Utopien(Wright 2017a) entgegenzustellen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage: Welche Gegenentwürfe zu aktuell herrschenden Paradigmen in der Stadtentwicklung zeigen uns Wege aus der Alternativlosigkeit und hin zu einer solidarischen Praxis auf Quartiersebene?Für die Beantwortung dieser Frage werden potentielle und bereits existierende Reale Utopien identifiziertund analysiert. In dieser Analyse werden Instrumente, Forderungen und Strategien herausgearbeitet, derer es Bedarf um Risse im kapitalistischem System auszuweiten, zu verteidigen und zu verstetigen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich unter den Begriffen der Solidarität, Dekommodifi-zierung, Demokratisierung und Vergesellschaftung zusammenfassen. Sie sind die zentralen Bedin-gungen, die für die Verwirklichung Realer Utopien und damit für gesellschaftliche Transformation, entscheidend sind. Darauf basierendwird ein Kompass für ein solidarisches Quartier erarbeitet.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19
Authors: Didenko Iryna , Holychenko Кseniia , Mynenko Serhii , Lytiuha Yelyzaveta
Published: February 2023

Although the research and construction of an effective policy for ensuring energy and environmental security is a priority task for the governments of various countries and scientists, it is also essential to study literary sources from the point of view of the study of determinants that can influence the implementation of this task. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the literature, discuss the data and methodology, present the proposed model, and discuss the methods used in this study. To achieve the task, general theoretical methods of scientific research were applied: historical analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction, explanation, and forms of scientific abstraction. The main techniques used during the study are grouping, comparison, inference, analysis, synthesis, and tabular and graphical presentation of data.The graphic method also analyzed the number of publications devoted to energy and environmental security, COVID-19.
Based on the conducted research, the most significant interest is observed in the issues of research on COVID-19 because the number of works that touch on this issue during 2020-2021 is more than 250,000. Analyzing the distribution of publications by country made it possible to identify the most productive countries to research specific directions. Thus, scientists from China made the most significant contribution to environmental safety research. About 30% of all publications on this issue belong to them. Therefore, building an effective policy to ensure energy and environmental security is a priority task for the governments of various countries and scientists. The literature review showed that environmental and energy security is multifaceted systemic concepts that affect multiple phenomena and processes in energy, ecology, demography, and economy. Today, energy and environmental security are the priority of the governments of the countries of the world. Thus, it is necessary to analyze some factors that can directly or indirectly affect the state of the environment. A complete and high-quality study will make it possible to build a balanced and effective environmental and energy policy for the country to improve its ecological condition, which in turn guarantees humanity's well-being.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM IN UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS
Authors: Miroshnуchenko Olesia , Monastyruk Myroslava
Published: February 2023

The article investigates the peculiarities of the simplified taxation system in Ukraine and the main changes that were caused by the beginning of the war. It was determined that such a system has several shortcomings that affect the single tax's fiscal, regulatory and incentive efficiency. Nevertheless, the simplified taxation system plays a crucial role in the development of the direct entrepreneurial activity, which directly impacts the level of technological, investment and economic development of the country, as entrepreneurs are the driving force behind the development of IT, trade and services. Based on the analysis of tax changes in the direction of the simplified taxation system and experts' opinions on their appropriateness and vice versa, we believe that such a system is necessary for the functioning of the current small and medium-sized businesses. In the case of increasing tax rates or changing tax objects, it can contribute to the shadowing of business. Especially the issue of abandonment of the simplified taxation system cannot be raised in the current military conditions when one of the important items of budget formation is the voluntary payment of the single tax by entrepreneurs. That is, the practical analysis of the application of permitted tax mechanisms to minimize tax payments during the war made it possible to summarize the simplified taxation system's shortcomings and propose appropriate recommendations that will increase the fiscal and stimulating effect of the single tax. The identified recommendations will ensure the filling of the budget by introducing a progressive single tax rate, providing for a separate taxation group for IT specialists, controlling the legality of the use of benefits provided for the period of war, etc. At the same time, the stimulating function of the single tax is possible due to free consultations (the need for which was proved by the Google Trends tool), the launch of social media, and the increase of additional opportunities for expanding activities for all areas of economic activity. We believe that the implementation of the proposed recommendations will stimulate the further development of small and medium-sized businesses.
Educação sexual: avaliação do conhecimento de adolescentes de uma escola do Vale do Jequitinhonha - MG
Authors: SOUZA Andressa Duarte de , GLÓRIA Michelly Siman , SANTOS Gabriel Peixoto , PEREIRA Victoria de Paula , SÁ Ariel Castro Mendes , MARQUES Ana Beatriz Barreto , MOREIRA Matheus Ribeiro , GONÇALVES Ítalo Gustavo , GONÇALVES José Francisco , GABRIEL Lissia Torres , LEITE Luciana Fernandes Amaro
Published: February 2023

A adolescência é marcada por um complexo processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento em que se destacam diversas mudanças biopsicossociais. Frente a estas transformações, o desenvolvimento da sexualidade está intimamente ligado ao desenvolvimento integral do indivíduo. Nesse contexto, através de um diagnóstico situacional realizado por discentes de Medicina da Universidade, notou-se a defasagem no conhecimento em sexualidade dos adolescentes de uma escola estadual. O presente estudo objetiva comprovar essa deficiência educacional. Para tal, os discentes realizaram atividades educativas e interativas para avaliação. Os resultados comprovam que, apesar de certos conhecimentos corretos, há muitos mitos e inverdades que precisam ser desfeitos entre os adolescentes, a fim de trazer maior consciência corporal e sexual. Conclui-se, então, a necessidade de intervenções eficazes e educativas para adolescentes.
Acid-Base Balance and Mineral Levels in Dual Purpose Cows
Authors: Quiroz-Rocha Gerardo F. , Candanosa-de Morales Eugenia , Bouda Jan , Núñez-Ochoa Luis
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to determine dynamics of acid-base parameters and levels of minerals in blood plasma of dual purpose cows in the tropics in the period of one year.
Unilateral Nephrectomy for Treatment of Renal Disease in Cattle
Authors: Anderson David E. , Midla Lowell T. , Desrochers André , Rings D. Michael , Hull Bruce L. , St-Jean Guy , Babkine Marie
Published: February 2023

Renal disease is occasionally diagnosed in cattle, is usually bilateral and medical therapy the treatment of choice. Nephrectomy may be performed in selected cases where a single kidney primarily is involved. We hypothesized that unilateral nephrectomy can be performed successfully in affected cattle and that these cattle can remain productive members of the herd. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine medical records of cattle having unilateral nephrectomy and determine survival and productivity in affected cattle.
Making AMDUCA Work in Your Practice
Authors: Rhoda David
Published: February 2023

The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA), which established conditions for legal extra-label use of approved drugs by licensed veterinarians, took effect December 9, 1996.

The act recognized that veterinarians need to use drugs in an extra-label fashion to alleviate pain and suffering. It contains sufficient safeguards to protect public health and food safety.

In December 1997 the Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Association (WVMA) executive board established a task force of 6 dairy practitioners, a University of Wisconsin veterinary clinician and pharmacist, 2 veterinary office practice managers, the WVMA office staff and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) staff person responsible for AMDUCA. The task force studied the act and gathered available information that would be needed by practitioners to comply.

The focus of the task force was the adult dairy cow. While AMDUCA affects all species, concentrating on 1 species was more manageable. Dairy was chosen because of public health concerns about milk and dairy beef residues.

Goals of the task force were:• gather available scientific information in 1 stand-alone report• organize withdrawal times on drug applications• develop prototypes of record systems• distribute the AMDUCA report to all dairy practitioners.
Veterinary Antimicrobial Decision System
Authors: Apley Michael D. , Fajt Virginia R.
Published: February 2023

Information on reasonable antimicrobial regimen design, particularly for extra-label use, is not currently available in a single easily-accessible source. Sources of information are scattered and may be difficult for the practitioner to locate in a timely manner. Even if the data are located, the interpretation may not be evident to the practitioner, particularly interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.

The need for a system designed for the food animal veterinary practitioner is also apparent as the discussion in the public health venue focuses on the appearance of antimicrobial-resistant human pathogens. The correlation between antimicrobial use in food animals and the appearance of resistant pathogens in the human population may not be unequivocally established. However, there is little doubt that antimicrobial use, whether in human or veterinary patients, may affect microbial populations by selecting for resistant organisms. Therefore, a need exists for the prudent use of antimicrobials such that efficacy is maximized while selection for resistant pathogens is minimized. Prudent use also contributes to longevity of the clinical utility of antimicrobials we currently have. These statements are made realizing that we know a lot more about maximizing efficacy than minimizing resistance development.

With these needs in mind, the AABP, along with the Academy of Veterinary Consultants (the first to financially support the effort), the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the American Association of Swine Practitioners, and the American Veterinary Medical Association have contributed a total of $189,000 as startup money over a 3 year period. Supporting funds started to arrive in March of 1999.
Use of Antimicrobials in Beef Cattle Health Management and Production and the Development of Antimicrobial Resistant Pathogens and their Transfer to Humans Causing Disease Which is Difficult to Treat
Authors: Radostits Otto M.
Published: February 2023

In food-producing animal health management and production, antimicrobials are used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, and to enhance growth promotion. These uses of antimicrobials represents one of several important health management strategies which contribute to animal health and well-being and to the economical production of wholesome meat and milk products. The control of animal disease also means control of certain infectious diseases which may be transmitted to humans. However, there are some potential human health hazards associated with antimicrobials used in food animals. Residues of drugs may occur in meat and milk and could enter the human food chain and increase the risk of ill-health in persons who consume products from treated animals. Of greater current importance is the potential for the emergence of antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria which could be transferred to humans resulting in clinical disease which may be difficult to treat.

This paper will review the evidence that the use of antimicrobials in beef cattle health management and production in North America allows the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, which may be transferred to humans and subsequently cause disease which is difficult to treat because of antimicrobial resistance. Some of the scientific publications and other documents which have examined the various aspects of antimicrobial resistance over the last 30 years will be summarized and their conclusions examined. Some historical aspects are included in an attempt to better the understand the problem. Some references to the use and effects of antimicrobials in health and production management in swine and poultry will be made for comparative purposes.
Using Feedlot Records to Control Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Van Donkersgoed Joyce
Published: February 2023

Records are an essential component of herd health programs and beef quality assurance programs. They are used to optimize production efficiency and monitor and verify procedures for beef quality and food safety. Recently, health organizations around the world have stated that production records required to show prudent drug use by veterinarians and producers. The development of resistance in zoonotic organisms may be promoted by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animals. Therefore, treatment records are required to show the public that antimicrobials are used judiciously in food animal production for clinical and production efficacy, while minimizing antimicrobial resistance impacts on human health.
Vaccinations to Optimize Reproductive Efficiency
Authors: Cortese Victor S.
Published: February 2023

Do current vaccines aid in reproductive performance? Can we establish a vaccination program that can help prevent reproductive loss from diseases? During gestation, the bovine reproductive system, with its multi-layered placenta, leaves the fetus in a naive environment susceptible to infection. Abortions may occur due to infection of the placenta, inflammation of the ovary, death of the fetus and/or disruption of the cervical plug. Thus, reproductive disease is the hardest to protect against. Vaccination must minimize the amount/duration of the viremia/septicemia or prevent disease from moving through the cervix.

Research is under way on reproductive diseases and vaccine development. Current research is aimed at establishing a vaccination program to control reproductive diseases. Unfortunately, there is little or no research regarding the reproductive efficacy of many vaccines currently used to prevent reproductive disease. Due to the numerous causes of reproductive failures (of which infectious agents are a small percentage), vaccinations to prevent infectious reproductive losses many not appear to be effective. This is often due to the fact that diagnostic testing has not been attempted or has not determined the cause of reproductive inefficiencies. A vaccination program may be inappropriately instituted when the cause is not infectious, or the current program may be unfairly deemed ineffective.

Since there are many infectious and non-infectious causes of bovine reproductive failure, only diseases for which there are licensed United States Department of Agriculture vaccines will be discussed.
Are You Pulling Too Hard?
Authors: Pence Mel
Published: February 2023

These parameters were incorporated into a scale built into a bovine fetal extractor. My presentation will demonstrate the use of this equipment.
Claw Amputation... It's a Wrap!
Authors: Johnson Craig A.
Published: February 2023

Claw amputation in the bovine provides quick relief of pain in the case of an infected coffin joint. Compared to facilitated ankylosis, claw amputation has the advantage of quicker return to potential production. Except for intramuscular antibiotics, the postoperative care can be eliminated with the use of a pine tar wrap.

My practice began using a pine tar wrap on claw amputations in an effort to avoid the costly follow-up visits every three days to re-wrap. We also wanted an impervious bandage to protect the wound when the cow stood in several inches of liquid manure.
Use of Ultrasound to Determine the Prognosis of Obstructed Teats
Authors: Dobson H. , Stark D. A.
Published: February 2023

When teat abnormalities occur in dairy cattle, the therapeutic choices vary from "do nothing" to invasive surgery (thelotomy and implant). In many cases, the prognosis is considered poor. It would be useful to have a cowside method of evaluating the abnormality and predicting the outcome. Radiography is the standard method but is cumbersome as a cow-side tool. This study considers the potential of ultrasound as a practical alternative.

Ducharme, et al classified teat abnormalities based on palpation, the passing of a blunt cannula and radiography.1 A prospective study involving 51 cows treated surgically concluded that Type I (focal teat cistern lesions that involved less than 30% of the mucosal surface of the teat cistern) and Type V (lesions leading to milk loss through abnormal routes such as lacerations, webbed teats and fistulae) had the best short and long-term prognosis for lactation.2 We hypothesize that ultrasound will identify those lesions which have a good prognosis.