bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Enterprise Digital Innovation, Consumer Digital Technology Readiness and Purchase Intention
Authors: Song Xuge
Published: June 2021

With the development of digital technology, we have entered the digital age. Under the background of digital age, brands have to follow the trend of digitization. How to build and develop brands has become an important research. Most scholars research on brand building and development from the perspective of enterprises, while this research explores the impact of consumer technological readiness on purchase intentions in the digital context from the perspective of consumers. According to the findings of this study, consumers with high technological readiness hold an optimistic and innovative attitude towards digital technology, so they are willing to accept and try new products or services produced by the brand’s application of digital technology, and increase their willingness to buy brands; for consumers with low technical readiness, they have doubts and distrust of digital technology and have low driving belief, and their purchase intention is reduced for new products produced by brand application of digital technology. Digital technology has a favorable impact on the economic growth of enterprises. The application of digital technology greatly improves the production efficiency of enterprises and saves energy consumption for enterprises. Therefore, the growth of digital economy also brings benefits to energy-saving economy.
Pipe-lining dynamic programming processes to synchronize both the production and the consumption of energy
Authors: Bendali Fatiha , Mole Kamga Eloise , Mailfert Jean , Quilliot Alain , Toussaint Hélène
Published: June 2021

Synchronizing heterogeneous processes remains a difficult issue in Scheduling area. Related ILP models are in trouble, because of large gaps induced by rational relaxation. We choose here to deal with it while emulating the interactions which take place between the various players of such heterogeneous processes, and propose a pipe-line decomposition of a dynamic programming process designed in order to schedule energy production and energy consumption
Clinical outcome of endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum: a Dutch cohort study
Authors: de Jong David M. , Stassen Pauline M. , Poley Jan Werner , Fockens Paul , Timmer Robin , Voermans Rogier P. , Verdonk Robert C. , Bruno Marco J. , de Jonge Pieter J.F.
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Although the majority of patients with pancreas divisum (PDiv) are asymptomatic, a subgroup present with recurrent pancreatitis or pain for which endoscopic therapy may be indicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate success rates and long-term outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with symptomatic PDiv.

Patients and methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients with symptomatic PDiv presenting with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), or chronic abdominal pancreatic-type pain (CAP) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between January 2000 and December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as either no recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) for RAP patients, no flares for CP patients, or absence of abdominal pain for patients with CAP after technically successful ERCP.

Results In 60 of 81 patients (74.1 %) a technically successful papilla minor intervention was performed. Adverse events were reported in 30 patients (37 %), with post-ERCP pancreatitis in 18 patients. The clinical success rate for patients with at least 3 months of follow-up was 42.6 %, with higher rates of success among patients presenting with RAP (44.4 %) as compared to those with CP (33.3 %) or CAP (33.3 %). Long-term sustained response was present in 40.9 % of patients with a technically successful intervention. In patients with RAP who did not completely respond to treatment, the mean number of AP episodes after treatment decreased significantly from 3.5 to 1.1 per year, and subsequently the interval between AP episodes increased from 278 to 690 days (P = 0.0006). A potential predictive factor of failure of clinical success after technically successful ERCP, at univariate analysis, was male sex (OR = 0.25, P = 0.02).

Conclusions Endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic PDiv is moderately effective, with its highest yield in patients presenting with RAP. Future studies are needed to assess factors predictive for success of endoscopic therapy and potential risk factors for relapse after ERCP.
Entwicklung und Implementierung einer ernährungsmedizinischen Strategie zur optimierten Versorgung von Patienten mit Mangelernährung in einem Großklinikum
Authors: Hausen Annekristin , Henschel Diana , Heuser Regina , Harnischmacher Marie , Kloeß Christiane , Pröbstl Alexander , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo , Strassburg Christian P. , Kalff Jörg C. , von Websky Martin
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Mangelernährung bei hospitalisierten Patienten ist ein relevantes Problem unterschätzten Ausmaßes mit negativen Auswirkungen auf das Überleben und den Behandlungserfolg bei einer Vielzahl von chirurgischen Krankheitsbildern. Zwischen dem in Leitlinien definierten Versorgungsanspruch und der klinischen Realität besteht oftmals eine Diskrepanz. Hauptursache ist die mangelhafte Etablierung ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen als integraler Bestandteil der Regelversorgung im klinischen Alltag. Die notwendige Weiterentwicklung dieser Strukturen ist durch knappe Ressourcen, aber möglicherweise im Einzelfall auch durch mangelndes Problembewusstsein erschwert, sodass Praxisrelevanz und Machbarkeit im Hinblick auf die örtlichen Gegebenheiten die entscheidenden Kriterien für eine nachhaltige Verbesserung sind.

Methoden Dargestellt wird am Beispiel eines Großklinikums, welche institutionellen und prozeduralen Maßnahmen zur Implementierung einer ernährungsmedizinischen Gesamtstrategie durchgeführt werden mussten. Es wird in die zugrunde liegende ernährungsmedizinische Methodik eingeführt sowie anhand von 4 Projekten die konkrete Implementierung im klinischen Alltag veranschaulicht.

Ergebnisse Mit der hier vorgestellten Systematik konnten an einem Großklinikum innerhalb eines Jahreszeitraumes die Strukturen geschaffen werden, um Malnutrition im stationären Setting zu erfassen, eine ernährungsmedizinische Komplexbehandlung durchführen zu können und durch fortlaufende und zukünftige Projektinitiativen die Ernährungssituation hospitalisierter Patienten fortlaufend zu verbessern.

Zusammenfassung Die hier dargestellte, am Universitätsklinikum Bonn erfolgreich eingeführte ernährungsmedizinische Gesamtstrategie kann als Modellerfahrung für Kliniken dienen, die eine Verbesserung der ernährungsmedizinischen Versorgungslage und damit der Behandlungsqualität bei ihren Patienten erwirken wollen.
Hintergrund, Notwendigkeit und Methodik der S3-Leitlinie „Perioperatives Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT)“
Authors: Willis Maria A. , Schwenk Wolfgang , Post Stefan , Nothacker Monika , Follmann Markus , Vilz Tim O.
Published: June 2021

Malignome zählen insbesondere im höheren Alter zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und sind in Deutschland für 25% aller Todesfälle verantwortlich. Insbesondere bei Karzinomen des Gastrointestinaltraktes ist eine Heilung oft nur durch eine ausgedehnte Operation mit signifikanter Morbidität erreichbar. Vor etwa 25 Jahren wurde erstmalig das multimodale, perioperative Fast-Track-Konzept (FT-Konzept) zur Reduktion von postoperativen Komplikationen vorgestellt und in den folgenden Jahren um weitere Bausteine erweitert. Mittlerweile gibt es Hinweise, dass bei einer Umsetzung bzw. Adhärenz der Schlüsselbausteine von über 70% neben einer Reduktion der Komplikationsrate und einer verkürzten Krankenhausverweildauer ein verbessertes onkologisches Outcome möglich sein könnte. Trotz des hohen Bekanntheitsgrades und der nachgewiesenen Vorteile des FT-Konzeptes ist die Implementierung und Aufrechterhaltung der Maßnahmen schwierig und resultiert in einer Adhärenz von nur 20 – 40%. Dies hat
viele Gründe: Neben einer fehlenden interdisziplinären und interprofessionellen Kooperation sowie dem hohen zeitlichen und logistischen Aufwand bei der Implementierung und Aufrechterhaltung werden häufig limitierte personelle Ressourcen als ursächlich aufgeführt. Wir haben diese Aspekte zum Anlass genommen und mit der Ausarbeitung einer S3-Leitlinie für die perioperative Behandlung zur beschleunigten Genesung von Patienten mit gastrointestinalen Tumoren begonnen. Durch die Erstellung einer im formalen Prozess konsentierten und evidenzbasierten, multidisziplinären Leitlinie wird eine Möglichkeit eröffnet, die aufgeführten Probleme durch eine Optimierung und Standardisierung der interdisziplinären Versorgung zu lösen, was insbesondere in einem Setting mit vielen verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und deren unterschiedlichen Interessen wichtig ist. Weiterhin wird angestrebt, durch die Standardisierung der perioperativen Prozesse den zeitlichen und logistischen Aufwand zu
reduzieren. Die Darstellung der Evidenz ermöglicht es, den personellen Mehraufwand gegenüber Krankenhausträgern und Krankenkassen transparenter zu gestalten und so auch besser zu begründen. Zusätzlich erlauben es die im Rahmen der Leitlinie generierten evidenzbasierten Qualitätsindikatoren, perioperative Standards in die Zertifizierungssysteme einzubeziehen und so die Qualität der perioperativen Medizin zu messen und zu überprüfen.
Treatment of Short Stature with Aromatase Inhibitors: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Yin Shujuan , Luo Yunyun , Bai Xi , Chen Shi , Yang Hongbo , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui , Ma Huijuan
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study is to determine the risks and benefits of treating
idiopathic short stature (ISS) with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). We
comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the China National Knowledge
Infrastructure between establishment year and January 31, 2020. Mean difference
(MD)/Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence
intervals (CI) of individual studies were pooled using fixed or random effects
models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias
was estimated using funnel plots and Egger tests. Fourteen studies including 388
participants were included. The meta-analysis results showed that AIs
significantly increased final height (MD=2.46, 95% CI:
0.8–4.12) and predicted adult height (MD=0.34, 95% CI:
0.11–0.57). Changes in bone age (MD=–0.1, 95%
CI: –0.86–0.66) and bone mineral density
(MD=–0.05, 95% CI: –0.19–0.1) were not
different between intervention and control group. AI significantly increased
testosterone level (SMD=2.01, 95% CI: 0.8–3.23) and
reduced estradiol level (SMD=–1.13, 95% CI:
–1.87 to –0.40); The intervention and control group had no
significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
(SMD=–0.31, 95%CI: –0.68–0.06) and IGF-1
(SMD=0.7, 95% CI: –0.66–2.06) levels. Adverse
events were more frequent in the intervention group than in the control group
(odds ratio=3.12, 95% CI: 1.44–6.73). In conclusion,
both AI monotherapy and AI combination therapy can increase predicted adult
height and testosterone levels.
The Flexor Carpi Radialis Portal for Arthroscopy-Assisted Reduction of the Dorsal Ulnar Fragment in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kaempf de Oliveira Ricardo , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Marcio Aurelio , Delgado Serrano Pedro Jose
Published: June 2021

Background The importance of the dorsal ulnar fragment (DUF) for stability and articular congruence of the radius is widely recognized, and standard surgical techniques often fail to ensure its reduction.

Description of Technique We describe a modification of volar wrist portals for arthroscopic management of the DUF of the distal radius. It is made in an outside-in fashion in line with the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) approach for the distal radius. Through this volar portal, we achieve wide and direct visualization of the DUF, with the advantage of protecting important anatomic structures such as the FCR tendon, the radial artery, and the median nerve; all protected with the previously made volar approach for the distal radius. In addition, easy manipulation and reduction of the DUF is obtained with instrumentation through standard dorsal portals.

Patients and Methods We performed this procedure in 23 patients with distal radius fractures (DRF) with displaced DUF.

Results Early and late postoperative evaluation demonstrated intraoperative reduction maintenance and adequate range of motion, compatible with the usual findings of standard volar plating, with the benefit of anatomic reduction of the DUF.

Conclusion With our technique, volar plating associated with arthroscopy-assisted dorsal fragment specific fixation with dorsal standard and the FCR portals permits optimal surgical treatment of most DRFs.
Is there more to human social learning than enhanced facilitation? Prolonged learning and its impact on culture
Authors: Dallos Csilla
Published: June 2021

Recent scholarship has sought to understand culture by studying attributes of social learning. While celebrating the role of pedagogy and other forms of facilitated learning in human cultural uniqueness, these studies have neglected instances of restricted and prolonged knowledge and skill acquisition. This article analyses illustrative cases of such learning in the ethnographic literature to assess their implications for cultural processes and products. Combined evidence from formal apprenticeship and the informal learning of hunter-gatherers indicates that though enhanced facilitation of learning is undeniable, an exclusive focus on it has resulted in a flawed concept of human culture and its social context. The cases cited suggest that mechanisms to extend learning constitute a vital source of cultural creativity and innovation that should be considered in social learning and culture discussions.
An efficient parallel scheme based on the nodal discontinuous Galerkin method for fluid flow simulations
Authors: Ali Amjad , Umar Muhammad , Farooq Hamayun , Ishaq Muhammad
Published: June 2021

An efficient parallel scheme based on the nodal discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (nodal-DGFEM) for the numerical solution of the partial differential equations governing fluid flow phenomena is discussed. The flow solver is demonstrated to perform numerical simulation of two-dimensional flow regimes on unstructured triangular grids. The parallel implementation serves to fulfill the requisition of the numerical method regarding high-performance computing resources. The distributed memory programming model with the domain decomposition approach is adopted. The message passing interface library is used for communication among the parallel processes, which are assigned domain-decomposed subproblems. The presented parallelization strategy accurately and efficiently tackles the communication of multi-node data on the element edges between the neighboring parallel processes. The efficacy and efficiency of the parallel solver are demonstrated through solving the well-known problem of non-viscous isentropic convecting vortex flow on parallel systems. The parallelization would extend the scope of the DGFEM by producing solutions in reasonable time frames.
Zeolite alleviates potassium deficiency and improves lodging-related stem morphological characteristics and grain yield in rice
Authors: Li Yinghao , Zheng Junlin , Wu Qi , Lin Wenhua , Gong Xingmei , Chen Yinglong , Chen Taotao , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Chi Daocai
Published: June 2021

Zeolite is an abundant potassium (K)-rich silicate mineral that could increase K supply to plants. Potassium deficiency causes lodging problems and yield reductions in paddy fields in China. However, it is unknown whether zeolite amendments alleviate K deficiency or enhance lodging-related stem morphology characteristics in rice. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite amendment (0, 5 and 10 t ha–1) and K application (0, 30 and 60 kg ha–1) on rice grain yield, stem morphology, and K nutrient status in soil and plant tissues. In both years zeolite and K application, alone or in combination, significantly increased grain yield, mainly through increased number of panicles per plant with zeolite application and number of spikelets per panicle with K application. In the top 30 cm soil layer, zeolite amendment increased cation exchange capacity by up to 31% and available K by up to 38%. Zeolite or K application alone significantly increased stem, leaf and panicle K concentrations. Zeolite promoted K allocation to rice stems, and improved stem morphology associated with lodging index. In both years, zeolite or K application alone increased stem diameter, dry weight linear density and the breaking resistance moment by up to 7.0%, 8.3% and 16%, respectively, and decreased the stem lodging index by up to 6.7%. In summary, zeolite is an alternative source of K fertiliser and can alleviate K deficiency in paddy fields in China and elsewhere.
Awareness of and barriers to using non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis among male clients of female sex workers in two cities of China: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Lin , Huai Pengcheng , Jiao Kedi , Liu Yicong , Hua Yumeng , Liu Xueyuan , Wei Chongyi , Ma Wei
Published: June 2021

Background Male clients of female sex workers (‘clients’ hereafter) are considered high-risk and potentially a bridge population in the HIV epidemic. Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is a safe and effective but under-utilised public health intervention to prevent HIV transmission. This study aims to explore clients’ awareness of nPEP, intention of uptake, potential barriers to nPEP uptake and adherence, and suggestions for nPEP promotion in China. Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 clients in two Chinese cities in 2018. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. The content of the interviews was analysed using thematic content analysis in ATLAS.ti. Results: Overall, just a minority of participants were aware of nPEP. A majority expressed willingness to use nPEP. Potential barriers to nPEP uptake and adherence included adverse drug reactions, price, concerns of drug efficacy, privacy issues, and forgetting to take the drugs. Almost all participants expressed the need to promote nPEP among clients. Participants suggested that the promotion of nPEP should be at hospitals, online, and be integrated with HIV/AIDS health education. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that nPEP guidelines should be formulated and implementation strategies should be developed to address barriers to uptake and adherence in order to successfully tap into the potential of nPEP as an effective HIV prevention tool.
Spontaneous activity competes with externally evoked responses in sensory cortex
Authors: Karvat Golan , Alyahyay Mansour , Diester Ilka
Published: June 2021

Significance

Humans and animals recognize light tactile stimulations on some occasions while at others miss even stronger stimuli. The explanation of this apparent paradox lies in the competition between spontaneously and externally evoked responses in the brain. Brief bursts of beta-oscillations have been implicated in reduced detection rates, yet the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Here, we report that neural networks exhibit synchronization during beta-bursts, followed by reduced firing rates, thus explaining the diminished detection rate on the single trial level. Through monitoring the brain’s electrical activity before and during tactile stimulation, we found that the masking influence of burst occupancy on perception can be counterbalanced in real time by adjusting the stimulus intensity, thereby overcoming this active inhibition of sensory cortex.
Precapillary sphincters and pericytes at first-order capillaries as key regulators for brain capillary perfusion
Authors: Zambach Stefan Andreas , Cai Changsi , Helms Hans Christian Cederberg , Hald Bjørn Olav , Dong Yiqiu , Fordsmann Jonas Christoffer , Nielsen Reena Murmu , Hu Jingshi , Lønstrup Micael , Brodin Birger , Lauritzen Martin Johannes
Published: June 2021

Significance

Rises in local brain activity are accompanied by increases in blood perfusion, a process known as neurovascular coupling. This relationship constitutes the physiological basis of functional neuroimaging scans, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. Using four-dimensional (x–y–z–t) two-photon imaging, we examined the responsivity from arterioles to capillaries to a suite of vasoactive molecules. Our data indicated that the responsiveness of precapillary sphincters and first-order capillaries was much higher than for the other vessel segments. Our results suggest that precapillary sphincters and pericytes on first-order capillaries are key sensors and effectors of capillary control and an important part of the complex set of mechanisms that regulate cerebral blood flow.
Knowledge management model to enhance Enterprise Resource Planning system in Green software development process
Authors: Yahya Sarah M , Khalefa Mustafa S
Published: June 2021

The global economy is constantly evolving and corporate technology and business are an important factor in this development and because of the accompanying negative impact on the environment and society, the role of sustainability and sustainable development highlights. To further investigate the scope of the green software development process and its integration with information systems such as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, we presented this study due to its importance in minimizing the negative effects of information technology on our natural environment. In this connection, there is a have to combine sustainability and information technology allow organizations to behave in a manner to going greener. Comprehending that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is one of the very effective commercial enterprise solutions for organizations, it is necessary to align its use with sustainability factors through the utilization of green IT practices, the objective of this research study is to provide a design model to enhance ERP system in green software development process. So every company must look into the impact of the utilization of Information and communications technology (ICT) on our natural environment and take care to adopt methods to decrease the effects negative on its. Therefore, knowledge management (KM) can be used as the facilitation tool. This research paper presents the results of qualitative research, which proposes a model that to the possibility of enhancing the implementation of the ERP system in the Green Software Development Process by using green IT practices and knowledge management as facilitation tools.
Serving the flow of requests when flying around ground objects by aircraft in the “air taxi” mode
Authors: Goncharenko V , Lebedev A , Mikhaylin D , Rumakina A
Published: June 2021

The scientific work solves the problem of organizing a route group flight of aircraft, when pre-flight planning is carried out only for the beginning of the flight, and then operational planning is carried out by analogy with a taxi. The peculiarity of the problem being solved is to ensure the required planning efficiency during the flight of the aircraft, taking into account the safety of their flights without crossing routes. As a result of solving the problem, an approach was substantiated to solving the problem of target distribution of vacant aircraft between incoming orders, taking into account all the factors and constraints under consideration; the effectiveness of the chosen approach was assessed. A minimax scheduling criterion is proposed. The criterion at the same time provides: minimum time for completing the flight task; minimization of the total path length and non-intersection of the flight sections, which increases the efficiency and safety of flight in “peak” dispatch modes. The solution to the problem is proposed using the queuing theory, according to which the considered system belongs to the class of multichannel queuing systems with waiting.
Assessment of the geometrically nonlinear behavior of thin cleavage type surface defects of anisotropic structure under shear
Authors: Mitrofanov O V , Osman M
Published: June 2021

When designing up-to-date composite structure defects are allowable. In this case an important factor for design is in-service non-propagation of allowable defects. Thin surface defects of rectangular delamination type are examined in this paper. Defect structure is anisotropic and boundary conditions correspond to rigid support. Let us assume that tangential forces act in load-bearing composite panel plane. This investigation subject is thin surface rectangular defect. It is assumed that given shear forces act on the defect and its geometrically non-linear behavior is possible. For expert estimation of defect mode of deformation by Bubnov-Galerkin method analytical solution of non-linear problem is obtained. Expressions for rectangular panel membrane stress which appear in case of post-buckling behavior due to shear are explicitly given for mode of deformation estimation. In order to supplement practical significance of obtained analytical solution thin anisotropic panel design method based on post-buckling state with tangential forces is shown.
On the influence of the method for estimating the parameters of the pole tide on the amplitude of the steady motion of the Earth’s pole
Authors: Krylov S S , Perepelkin V V , Skorobogatykh I V , Myo Z A
Published: June 2021

The steady-state Chandler wobble of the Earth’s pole is investigated for various choices of the pole tide model. The aim of the work is to estimate the parameters of the stationary Chandler wobble. The steady motion of the Earth’s pole is considered taking into account the pole tide, which depends both on the position and on the speed of the pole. The Chandler motion of the Earth’s pole is studied on the basis of the Euler-Liouville equations with a variable tensor of inertia. It is shown that both the choice of the pole tide model and the method of estimating the parameters of the chosen model significantly affect the parameters of the steady oscillatory process of the earth’s pole and the amplitude of the necessary disturbance to excite the observed Chandler wobble.
Different approaches to helping students develop conceptual understanding in university physics
Authors: Kelly T J , Thees M , Kapp S , Kuhn J , Lukowicz P , Wehn N , Cock M De , Kampen P. van , Guisasola J. , Dvořák L , Walton CD , Randerson G , Eling C , Zuza K
Published: June 2021

A symposium organized by the GTG PERU-Physics education Research at University

In this article we present a summary of initiatives that have been undertaken by a subset of the European Physics Education community to try to help students develop conceptual understanding. The contributions to this article represent a broad spectrum of ideas and research strategies that range from innovative teaching methods, to empirical applied psychology studies. Future physics professionals: scientists, teachers, engineers, analysts etc. are a diverse set of people and therefore the methods used to help them improve their understanding should be wide ranging. However, common themes emerge that we suggest as teaching implications namely: that more attention should be paid to how we develop students’ ability to reason; how building self-confidence can be hugely beneficial to closing knowledge gaps and how the split-attention effect acts to limit students’ working memory.
LAPEN Symposium: Active Learning of Physics in Latin America
Authors: Mora C , Sánchez S R , Becerra R D F , Rodríguez G M , Álvarez A M S , Martínez B C A
Published: June 2021

This symposium proposed by the Latin American Physics Education Network (LAPEN) is devoted to show some results on Physics Education research for high school and university level carried out in the Latin-American region. We focus in the Active Learning of Physics methodologies. There are three contributions from Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico: The topics studied are: (1) The teaching of Special Relativity Theory with Peer Instruction, developed in the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral in Guayaquil, Ecuador. (2) Active Learning of Electromagnetism for engineering students, developed in the University Antonio Nariño in Bogota, Colombia. (3) Rasch Analysis and Active Learning of electrical circuits for high school students, developed at the COBAY school Xoclán Plantel, in Mérida Yucatán in the south of Mexico The Active Learning methodologies are important because there are good results in the literature about their implementation in different educational levels. Besides, it is a way to innovate the physics class, unfortunately in the Latin America region their effectiveness has been little studied. This brief report sheds more light on the matter.
Analyzing the upper secondary school students’ difficulties in the rotation of rigid body
Authors: Olazabal Leire , Sarriugarte Paulo , Zuza Kristina , Guisasola Jenaro
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown that students have difficulties in understanding some concepts related to circular motion of particles. However, there are few studies on rigid body rotational dynamics. In this study, we have studied difficulties that Upper secondary school students have about the rotation of a rigid body. We have designed an 8 questions open-ended questionnaire. In designing the questions, we took into account the key concepts that students have to know in order to understand the rotation of rigid body in a proper way. We conducted a study with 85 Upper secondary school students after their Mechanics course and the analysis has been performed using phenomenography, which is focused on the explanations rather than in the correctness of the answers. The results suggest that students have several difficulties in understanding some concepts of rigid body rotation and that there are significant alternative ideas among them.
Using interactive images in physics teaching
Authors: Martins M I , Pinto Junior J R
Published: June 2021

Studyng images in physics textbooks is important because illustrations are considered relevant to understand physics contents. In fact, images have a fundamental role in textbooks, and facilitate students to enhance physics theory visualization. Silva & Martins (2008) assume that images carry information that can be classified as having a motivating, informative, explanatory or redundant function. We found 223 images in the kinematics units’ analysis of three collections recommended by the last edition of the Brazilian Textbook Program (PNLD 2018). The images were classified according to their function, observing, in percentages, that 52% of images have an informative function, 40% an explanatory function, while the redundant and motivating functions total less than 9%. Moving interactive images have been created from informative function figures using the Illustrator software. This program allows us to create an illusion of movement in the image when moving a page with vertical lines, facilitating the student’s visualization and understanding. These images were presented to the students through a questionnaire. We verified a better performance in their answers with the interactive images, that allows us to infer that moving images can facilitate students’ learning.
Exoplanets in physics classes
Authors: Radnóti Katalin
Published: June 2021

The opportunity to use a new scientific discovery in physics lessons is presented in order to illustrate how they can be interpreted in the course of public education. Students were asked to estimate the mass of a red dwarf star using the data regarding its planets published in a news article, and through the use of the learned laws of physics. The aim was to develop the students’ knowledge of mechanics, to expand the elements of the Newtonian approach, to deepen their astronomical knowledge and to practice research methods. This new approach was tested in two classes, and the results were the basis of the thesis of a graduate teacher. The problem was also solved by 70 college freshmen as a test of their physics skills acquired in general education.
Modeling the Interaction of an Elastic Collision between two Objects
Authors: Hernández Alejandro González Y , Alberú María del Pilar Segarra
Published: June 2021

Physics undergraduate students researched the interaction between magnets during an elastic collision of two gliders on an air track. The objective of this research was to achieve students to discover the dynamics of an elastic collision before, during and after the time in which repulsive magnetic forces acted over two gliders on an air track. For several years it has been introduced, in our course of mechanical laboratory, a discovery cycle which is followed by students and has helped them to develop or improve their scientific skills of reasoning. The students began their investigations with an experiment to find the relation between the repulsion magnetic force with the distance of separation between magnets. Then, they videotaped and analyzed the experiment of collisions between magnets attached to gliders on an air track and modeled numerically the forces of interaction during the collision using the relation between the magnetic force with the distance founded previously. At last, they successfully compared the numerical model with the experiment. Here it is reported, how students carried out the experiment of magnetic collisions and its theoretical and numerical modelling and, how they get a better understanding of the concepts, laws, and principles of physics that are immersed in real collisions in the laboratory by the application of the discovery cycle.
Heat, temperature and energy: a formative experiment-based module including the use of infrared cameras
Authors: Monti F , Daffara C
Published: June 2021

The historical development of the concept of energy can be brought back to the early studies of heat, suggesting that a unified treatment of heat, temperature and energy can be a possible route for teaching these complex subjects altogether. Here we present an experiment-based module centered on heat and temperature and on their relation with energy which was proposed to a class of prospective primary school teachers. The intervention redesigns a previously developed approach to include the concept of energy and use of infrared cameras. Learning outcomes are investigated through pre- / post-assessment questions, worksheets and final interviews.
Integrated lesson in learning the phenomenon “diffusion”
Authors: Grancharova D , Raykova Z
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to describe some of the changes in the nature and the function of the integrated methods in physics education for the establishment of scientific literacy. In the article is presented a good practice in the organization and the realization of a lesson-“The phenomenon diffusion”, with 16 years old Bulgarian students. We conducted a physical lesson implementing integrated methods with biology and chemistry knowledge. The lesson also uses interactive methods combined with ICT, which is a good prerequisite for the formation of basic key competences and natural-science literacy.
Practice-oriented model of training students in physics at a technical university
Authors: Mazhitova L Kh , Syzdykova R N , Imanbayeva A K
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the report is to examine and justify the feasibility of practice-oriented teaching of physics in the training of engineers. A training model (at the level of physics), including such structural components as a model of a specialist’s activity, a model of practice-oriented learning, a structural model of cognitive activity and independence, the technology of their formation, the result of preparation lies in our research. This model is being tested at Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications for bachelors studying in telecommunications and energy.
Comparison between Israeli and Hungarian high school physics teachers’ attitudes towards general relativity assimilation in the curriculum
Authors: Joubran F , Várnai L
Published: June 2021

On the assumption that any successful change on the curriculum is largely dependent on teachers being positive about it, we assessed and compared among 134 physics high school teachers’ attitudes towards general relativity assimilation in the curriculum by an online questionnaire, 71 from Israel and 63 from Hungary. We assessed and compared five issues related to pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge: degree of past and current GR knowledge, expectations of obstacles in implementing GR in the classroom, degree of importance teaching GR as mandatory, degree of importance teaching GR as internal elective and coping with mathematics difficulty. The results showed that teachers in both countries think that teaching general relativity in high school, has obstacles like lack of time and content knowledge. However, the high level of general relativity mathematics is not an obstacle in teaching general relativity.
Technology deployment in physics lessons: Understanding optics better with Augmented Reality
Authors: Stolzenberger Ch , Wolf N , Trefzger T
Published: June 2021

The following article presents the results of a seminar on “Augmented Reality in Institutional Education”. There, together with STEM trainee teachers, an optics experimentation circle was developed for pupils in the 7th and 8th grade at the Gymnasium for the subject of “Nature & Technology” or “Physics”. This includes (real) experiments (lunar phases / eclipses, refraction, refractive error, color mixing), which were enriched with Augmented Reality technology created by the students. By creating a learning scenario with the help of Augmented Reality at school, the real environment continues to be perceived by the students but is supplemented with visualizations of physical model concepts. For example, the refraction of laser light on a water surface in the real experiment was overlaid with a visualization of the physical ray model of light, so that both information can be perceived simultaneously. This offers the students the opportunity to link physical model concepts statically but also in their spatial or temporal change in conjunction with the real experiment and to actively interact with it at the same time. Even without linking to a real object, augmented reality makes it possible to visualize changing processes or three-dimensional movements of virtual objects and to integrate holograms into the real world. We hope that the experiments presented here can demonstrate the benefits of AR extensions to real experiments, so that more applications will find their way into STEM lessons in the future.
Promoting the Joy of Learning by Turning a Smartphone into Scientific Equipment
Authors: Leong T K , Wee L K , García_Clemente F J , Esquembre F
Published: June 2021

Smartphone is a powerful internet connected computer packed with internal sensors that measure sound, light, acceleration and magnetic field strength. Physics teachers can use them as measurement devices to demonstrate science concepts and promote the joy of learning. Some research has also shown the benefits of using smartphones for teaching and learning physics. This article aims to extend mobile phone research with our open source apps and low-cost experimental design. The three experiments that we designed include radioactivity, line spectrum, standing sound wave and polarization of light. Students are able to conduct experiments and collect data easily without using bulky data loggers or laptops. Substituting a data logger with a smartphone will mean that every student can possess his/her own measuring tool inside and outside the classroom, instead of having to share with a large group of students in a scheduled lab. By empowering the students to conduct their own experiments and collect data, the use of the smartphone as a tool aims to support student learning anytime and anywhere, igniting greater joy of learning.
Combining the Two-State System with a Matter-Wave Approach for Teaching Quantum Mechanics in High-School
Authors: Faletič Sergej , Kranjc Tomaž
Published: June 2021

In our teaching approach to quantum mechanics for high schools, we combined a two-state system approach with a matter-wave approach. We developed a simulation of a double well, which has been gradually improved with experience to include all the functionality needed to address the most important concepts of quantum physics. A complementary simulation of a double slit has also been developed to address the introduction of the wave function. A course, based on these simulations has been developed and is currently being tested for the fourth year, still undergoing improvements. Each year a series of formative questions and a pre- and post-test has been administered. We report here how the simulation is used to address the concepts of quantum physics and some preliminary results from the ongoing study of the course.
Retention of a Double Slit Single Photon Interference Demonstration of Particle-Wave Duality
Authors: Berg Ed Van Den , Brandt Hajo , Rossum Aernout Van , Veen Jan Van Der
Published: June 2021

In the past there has been great faith in the power of laboratory activities and teacher demonstrations to enhance the learning of physics concepts. However, reviews of the effectiveness turned out to be disappointing [1-3] and have shown that lab activities and demonstrations need to be carefully designed and embedded in lessons to realize cognitive benefits [4]. Nevertheless, for secondary school quantum physics we developed a portable double slit demonstration mounted in a suitcase in which photons pass the slits approximately one by one and yet together produce an interference pattern. Based on experiences in 5 schools, we carefully designed the educational aspects of the demonstration and investigated its longterm learning effects through a written test of 68 students after 4 weeks and retention interviews after 4 months (10 interviews) and after 9 months (5 interviews). Students did remember the setup and results of the demonstration quite well. They were quite aware of the unexpected and strange wave-particle behavior of quantum particles in the demonstration including the effect of measurement or observation on the outcomes. However, half of them still had trouble defining duality in their own words and most of them did not remember de Broglie particle waves and how that related to the double slit experiment.
Developing a teacher professional learning workshop on the general theory of relativity
Authors: Farmer Stuart
Published: June 2021

The development of a teacher professional learning workshop to support the General Relativity section of the Scottish Qualifications Authority Advanced Higher Physics course [1] for 17-18 year old secondary school students is described. This professional learning workshop is designed to support the development of teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge so they are better able to provide a conceptual, non-mathematical approach to teaching curved spacetime, spacetime diagrams and evidence of the tests for General Relativity. The professional learning workshop draws on a number of resources including the educational outreach materials from the Perimeter Institute [2,3,4].
The future of physics teaching: Features of the new Hungarian National Core Curriculum and curriculum frameworks
Authors: Egri Sándor , Horányi Gábor , Ádám Péter
Published: June 2021

The new Hungarian National Core Curriculum was announced in January 2020, and the curriculum frameworks became available soon after. The authors took part in the development of the curriculum of physics. In this communication we present the main features of these new curricula. The learning outcomes of the core curriculum, the learning contents and the arrangement of the topics in the frameworks have been renewed in order to promote a more efficient way of physics teaching. The curriculum relies on the methods of active and phenomenon-based learning, it includes up-to-date contents, focuses more on practical topics, and follows the principles formulated by the OECD.
Wetting and capillarity-what to do at physics lessons?
Authors: Koudelkova Vera
Published: June 2021

We present in the contribution an activity which is focused on wetting and capillarity. Experiments with hydrophobic coating are part of the activity too. We use this activity at lower and upper secondary school level, detailed description of the activity and our experience with it is discussed in the paper.
Experimental set-ups using microcontrollers and sensors realized by students to be used in Physics lessons
Authors: Farcas Lidia Cerasela , Caltun Ovidiu Florin
Published: June 2021

Due to the rapid pace of development of new technologies, technology can be a hopeful ally in many areas, including education. By using new progress science classes can thus be more attractive. Experiments with classic and outdated devices are not exciting for students but can now be replaced by modern devices based on sensors, actuators and microcontrollers. The paper describes how can be find solutions for experimental physics devices using in vocational education sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, etc. New technologies into the learning process can be a factor of inspiration and motivation for students embrace a career in STEM.
Investigation of first-year university students’ performance
Authors: Wiener C , Radnai T , Tasnádi P
Published: June 2021

The students enrolled in introductory physics courses at Loránd Eötvös University (ELTE) are tested with the Mechanics Baseline Test (MBT) since 2016. It is used as a pre-test at the beginning of the first semester and as a post-test at the beginning of the second one. In this study, an account is given about the newest results of the test and about our endeavor to make introductory courses more effective. Therefore, the effect of the size of the study group, the reduction of curriculum and motivation on students’ performance were investigated. The preliminary results show that smaller groups are more efficient, and the reduction of the curriculum does not play a major role in the possession of the knowledge concerned. Conversely, the motivation of the students increases the understanding of concepts and therefore, the performance at MBT.
Measurement of the ionization response of amorphous selenium with 122 keV γ rays
Authors: Li X. , Chavarria A.E. , Bogdanovich S. , Galbiati C. , Piers A. , Polischuk B.
Published: June 2021

We performed a measurement of the ionization response of 200 μm-thick amorphous selenium (aSe) layers under drift electric fields of up to 50 V/μm.
The aSe target was exposed to ionizing radiation from a 57Co radioactive source and the ionization pulses were recorded with high resolution.
Using the spectral line from the photoabsorption of 122 keV γ rays, we measured the charge yield in aSe and the line width as a function of drift electric field.
From a detailed microphysics simulation of charge generation and recombination in aSe, we conclude that the strong dependence of recombination on the ionization track density provides the dominant contribution to the energy resolution in aSe.
These results provide valuable input to estimate the sensitivity of a proposed next-generation search for the neutrinoless ββ decay of 82Se that aims to employ imaging sensors with an active layer of aSe.
We estimate the RMS line width of the integrated ionization signal from neutrinoless ββ decay events (of deposited energy 3.0 MeV) to be 2.0% for a drift field of 50 V/μm.
The energy resolution can be improved to 1% by correcting for the charge yield as a function of ionization density along the imaged electron tracks.