bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feline coronavirus influences the biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles derived from CRFK cells
Authors: Wijerathne Sandani V. T. , Pandit Rachana , Ipinmoroti Ayodeji O. , Crenshaw Brennetta J. , Matthews Qiana L.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Coronavirus (CoV) has become a public health crisis that causes numerous illnesses in humans and certain animals. Studies have identified the small, lipid-bound structures called extracellular vesicles (EVs) as the mechanism through which viruses can enter host cells, spread, and evade the host’s immune defenses. EVs are able to package and carry numerous viral compounds, including proteins, genetic substances, lipids, and receptor proteins. We proposed that the coronavirus could alter EV production and content, as well as influence EV biogenesis and composition in host cells.

Methods

In the current research, Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) in an exosome-free media at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2,500 infectious units (IFU) at 48 h and 72 h time points. Cell viability was analyzed and found to be significantly decreased by 9% (48 h) and 15% (72 h) due to FCoV infection. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the surface morphology of isolated EVs was analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Results

NanoSight particle tracking analysis (NTA) confirmed that the mean particle sizes of control EVs were 131.9 nm and 126.6 nm, while FCoV infected-derived EVs were 143.4 nm and 120.9 nm at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Total DNA, RNA, and protein levels were determined in isolated EVs at both incubation time points; however, total protein was significantly increased at 48 h. Expression of specific protein markers such as TMPRSS2, ACE2, Alix, TSG101, CDs (29, 47, 63), TLRs (3, 6, 7), TNF-α, and others were altered in infection-derived EVs when compared to control-derived EVs after FCoV infection.

Discussion

Our findings suggested that FCoV infection could alter the EV production and composition in host cells, which affects the infection progression and disease evolution. One purpose of studying EVs in various animal coronaviruses that are in close contact with humans is to provide significant information about disease development, transmission, and adaptation. Hence, this study suggests that EVs could provide diagnostic and therapeutic applications in animal CoVs, and such understanding could provide information to prevent future coronavirus outbreaks.
Videofluoroscopy of the aerodigestive tract in Phoca vitulina: reshaping perspectives on translational medicine
Authors: Skoretz Stacey A. , Adams Arlo , Vogl A. Wayne , Raverty Stephen , Haulena Martin , Stahl Hillary , Dawson Camilla
Published: July 2024

Thousands of rescued harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) require rehabilitation worldwide. Many require resource intensive gavage feeding due to abandonment soon after birth. Little is known about seal swallowing, therefore, our primary objective was to determine the feasibility of conducting videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFS) on seal pups prior to their release. Secondarily, we propose swallowing phase descriptions. We adapted a VFS approach used in humans and our feasibility parameters included: bolus detection and consumption, and number of analyzable swallowing events. Unrestrained seals were imaged in a dry environment using a Siemens mobile c-arm fluoroscopy unit. Oral boluses were thawed herring injected with liquid barium suspension (105% w/v). Two independent raters described swallows using a standardized approach with results summarized descriptively. We successfully completed freely-behaving VFS with two infant seals (1 male: 8 wks, 3 d; 1 female: 5 wks, 3 d). Both consumed five boluses with six fully analyzable swallowing events. We describe four swallow phases: preparatory, prehension, oropharyngeal and esophageal. Airway protection likely occurs in two ways: (1) during the preparatory phase through modified corniculate cartilage contact with the glottis and (2) with soft palate contact to the base of tongue prior to swallow initiation. We have conducted a unique VFS approach on rehabilitated seals, prior to their release. We have described airway protection and suggest that swallowing is initiated earlier in the feeding process than described previously. This protocol success will afford: (1) collection of normative swallowing data, and (2) future knowledge translation from humans to seals.
Clinical Impacts of Allograft Biopsy in Renal Transplant Recipients 10 Years or Longer After Transplantation
Authors: Namba-Hamano Tomoko , Hamano Takayuki , Doi Yohei , Hiraoka Atsuko , Yonishi Hiroaki , Sakai Shinsuke , Takahashi Atsushi , Mizui Masayuki , Nakazawa Shigeaki , Yamanaka Kazuaki , Kakuta Yoichi , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: July 2024

We aimed to investigate the clinical value of allograft biopsy performed long after renal transplantation. We retrospectively evaluated 99 allograft biopsies in recipients with transplantation vintages of 10 years or longer. Mixed-effects model showed that 1-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes after biopsy were significantly greater than those before biopsy [−3.13, −4.42 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, p = 0.01]. Renal biopsy changed the treatment strategies in more than half of the patients. Improvement in eGFR slopes was pronounced in 51 patients with treatment modification based on the biopsy results [2.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 3.89) mL/min/1.73 m2/year], whereas no improvement was observed in those without [0.33 (95% CI: −1.05, 1.71) mL/min/1.73 m2/year, Pinteraction = 0.001]. Among the treatment modifications, enhancement of immunosuppression (IS) led to the most remarkable improvement in eGFR slope. Patients with g scores ≥2 were more likely to receive IS enhancement than those with g scores = 0 [odds ratio; 15.0 (95% CI: 1.65, 136)]. Patients with active glomerulitis (g ≥ 1) without chronicity (cg ≤ 1) showed the most significant improvement in eGFR slope. Given the prevalence of active glomerulitis (g ≥ 1, 21%), which is responsive to treatment even long after transplantation, and the observed magnitude of eGFR slope improvement, renal biopsy can indeed improve allograft prognosis.
Potential Application of Selenium and Copper Nanoparticles in Improving Growth, Quality, and Physiological Characteristics of Strawberry under Drought Stress
Authors: Liu Aichun , Xiao Wenfei , Lai Wenguo , Wang Jianrong , Li Xiaoyuan , Yu Hong , Zha Yan
Published: July 2024

Drought stress can reduce strawberry yield and quality and is one of the main abiotic factors restricting strawberry production in China. Nano-agricultural technology has significant regulatory effects in improving crop yield and quality and reducing agricultural environmental pollution. We performed a pot experiment using FenYu No. 1 strawberry and applied copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and selenium NPs (SeNPs) to study their effects on the growth, quality, photosynthetic parameter indexes, and physiological characteristics of strawberry plants under drought stress. The growth and photosynthesis of strawberry plants were significant adversely affected by moderate drought stress (DS, 60% field capacity (FC)) and severe drought stress (SS, 25% FC). Compared with normal water-holding conditions, the application of CuNPs, SeNPs, and their combination effectively increased the agronomic traits of strawberry plants; improved fruit quality; and enhanced the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll), photosynthetic characteristic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and water-use efficiency. In addition, the exogenous application of CuNPs and SeNPs improved the drought tolerance of plants by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and decreasing the malondialdehyde content, with the following overall trend among the treatments: control < CuNPs < SeNPs < CuNPs + SeNPs. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the two extracted principal components could reflect 85.54% of the information of the original data, leaf photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic characteristic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and strawberry agronomic traits indexes and could be used as the primary indexes for evaluating the improvement of strawberry growth by nanofertilizers under drought-stress conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that nanofertilizers have potential for improving the growth, quality, and physiological characteristics of strawberries under drought stress.
Realizing the Potential of Eastern Uganda’s Smallholder Dairy Sector through Participatory Evaluation
Authors: Paudyal Sushil
Published: July 2024

This study explored smallholder dairy production and cattle welfare in Eastern Uganda using mixed methods evaluation approaches. A focus group of 17 members performed a SWOT analysis of local farms, identifying strengths like available land, forage, and community support but weaknesses including disease, parasites, and lack of technologies. Field assessments of 12 farms using a modified Welfare Quality® protocol revealed 25% had inadequate body condition; 33% lacked adequate water access; 50% provided comfortable housing; and 42% had animals with health issues. Six recommendations were formulated to address needs via training, veterinary services access, data systems, finance, milk market development, and pasture improvements. Though struggling with resource constraints and animal health, eastern Uganda’s favorable climate and community present opportunities to enhance productivity and welfare with targeted actions like skills development and access to technologies. However, external inputs require alignment with smallholder realities. Findings detail current conditions while highlighting local perspectives to guide appropriate innovations sensitive to economic limitations and values-based motives. Collaborating with producers to incrementally elevate management can improve livelihoods and animal well-being.
Classification of Maize Growth Stages Based on Phenotypic Traits and UAV Remote Sensing
Authors: Yao Yihan , Yue Jibo , Liu Yang , Yang Hao , Feng Haikuan , Shen Jianing , Hu Jingyu , Liu Qian
Published: July 2024

Maize, an important cereal crop and crucial industrial material, is widely used in various fields, including food, feed, and industry. Maize is also a highly adaptable crop, capable of thriving under various climatic and soil conditions. Against the backdrop of intensified climate change, studying the classification of maize growth stages can aid in adjusting planting strategies to enhance yield and quality. Accurate classification of the growth stages of maize breeding materials is important for enhancing yield and quality in breeding endeavors. Traditional remote sensing-based crop growth stage classifications mainly rely on time series vegetation index (VI) analyses; however, VIs are prone to saturation under high-coverage conditions. Maize phenotypic traits at different growth stages may improve the accuracy of crop growth stage classifications. Therefore, we developed a method for classifying maize growth stages during the vegetative growth phase by combining maize phenotypic traits with different classification algorithms. First, we tested various VIs, texture features (TFs), and combinations of VI and TF as input features to estimate the leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), leaf area index (LAI), and fractional vegetation cover (FVC). We determined the optimal feature inputs and estimation methods and completed crop height (CH) extraction. Then, we tested different combinations of maize phenotypic traits as input variables to determine their accuracy in classifying growth stages and to identify the optimal combination and classification method. Finally, we compared the proposed method with traditional growth stage classification methods based on remote sensing VIs and machine learning models. The results indicate that (1) when the VI+TFs are used as input features, random forest regression (RFR) shows a good estimation performance for the LCC (R2: 0.920, RMSE: 3.655 SPAD units, MAE: 2.698 SPAD units), Gaussian process regression (GPR) performs well for the LAI (R2: 0.621, RMSE: 0.494, MAE: 0.397), and linear regression (LR) exhibits a good estimation performance for the FVC (R2: 0.777, RMSE: 0.051, MAE: 0.040); (2) when using the maize LCC, LAI, FVC, and CH phenotypic traits to classify maize growth stages, the random forest (RF) classification method achieved the highest accuracy (accuracy: 0.951, precision: 0.951, recall: 0.951, F1: 0.951); and (3) the effectiveness of the growth stage classification based on maize phenotypic traits outperforms that of traditional remote sensing-based crop growth stage classifications.
An Electric Gripper for Picking Brown Mushrooms with Flexible Force and In Situ Measurement
Authors: Shi Haonan , Xu Gaoming , Lu Wei , Ding Qishuo , Chen Xinxin
Published: July 2024

As brown mushrooms are both delicious and beneficial to health, the global production and consumption of brown mushrooms have increased significantly in recent years. Currently, to ensure the quality of brown mushrooms, selective manual picking is required, and the delicate surface of the mushrooms must not be damaged during the picking process. The labor cost of picking accounts for 50–80% of the total labor cost in the entire production process, and the high-humidity, low-temperature plant environment poses a risk of rheumatism for the laborers. In this paper, we propose a novel underactuated gripper based on a lead screw and linear bearings, capable of operating with flexible force control while simultaneously measuring the diameter of the mushrooms. The gripper features three degrees of freedom: lifting, grasping, and rotation, and enabling it to approach, grasp, and detach the mushroom. A thin-film force sensor is installed on the inner side of the fingers to achieve accurate grip force measurement. The use of a PID algorithm ensures precise grip force control, thereby protecting the brown mushrooms from damage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed gripper has a static grasping force error of 0.195 N and an average detachment force overshoot of 1.31 N during the entire picking process. The in situ measurement of the mushroom diameter achieves 97.3% accuracy, with a success rate of 98.3%. These results indicate that the gripper achieves a high success rate in harvesting, a low damage rate, and accurate diameter measurement.
Agricultural Tractor Test: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Lanças Kléber Pereira , Marques Filho Aldir Carpes , Santana Lucas Santos , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , Faria Rafael Oliveira , Martins Murilo Battistuzzi
Published: July 2024

Agricultural tractors are an essential agricultural power source. Therefore, the scientific literature tests have described agricultural tractors’ evolution over time and determined future trends. This paper uses bibliometric tools to assess the agricultural evolution of tractor testing from 1969 to 2022 to ascertain the publication’s scientific perspective on operational, ergonomic, and energy performance. We searched for relevant research in the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The data were processed in RStudio software version 4.4.1, and we used elaborated bibliometric maps to research evolution, major journals, studies, countries, and keywords. The first research mainly concerned the development of new wheelsets, more efficient engines, and fuel consumption prediction models. After the 2000s, environmental protocols contributed to increasing publications on biofuels and renewable energies. Recently, an intense process of robotization in autonomous vehicles has improved to allow the replacement of combustion engines. Ergonomics and safety have been less recurrent topics in recent years, indicating a stable level in the actual research. New machine control models involving artificial intelligence are currently applied to obtain test results without using the machine in the field. These virtual models reduce costs and optimize resources. The most common terms were “tractor” and “agricultural machinery”. The terms “Electric tractor”, “agricultural robots”, and “Matlab” indicate solid trends for future research.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Lamina Joint Development in Rice
Authors: Zhang Fan , Fang Chaowei , Liang Weihong
Published: July 2024

Leaf angle (LA) is a major agronomic trait of rice plant architecture, which is determined by the development of the leaf lamina joint (LJ) and closely related to plant yield. The LJ is formed by the leaf collar belt (ligule band), leaf tongue (ligule) and leaf ear (auricle). Parenchyma cells (PCs), sclerenchyma cells (SCs), vascular bundles (VBs), and arenchyma tissue (Ac) are present in the cross sections of LJ. The genetic and molecular regulation of rice leaf angle and LJ development has been well investigated in recent years. However, the underlying complex regulatory network still requires further elucidation and comprehensive discussion. In this review, we briefly describe the cellular characteristics of four typical stages of LJ development, and systematically summarize the genes regulating rice leaf inclination based on their roles in PC proliferation and elongation, as well as SC proliferation and differentiation. We also introduce the emerging regulatory pathways of phytohormones and transcription factors (TFs), environmental cues that are involved in rice LJ development, discussing the relevant intricate signal network that is relevant to provide further insights into the genetic improvement of leaf angle traits in rice breeding.
From Marginal Lands to Biofuel Bounty: Predicting the Distribution of Oilseed Crop Idesia polycarpa in Southern China’s Karst Ecosystem
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Yuan Panli , Li Siliang , Guo Chunzi , Yue Fujun , Luo Guangjie , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhang Ying , Yang Jinli , Wu Haobiao , Zhou Guanghong
Published: July 2024

With the global energy crisis and the decline of fossil fuel resources, biofuels are gaining attention as alternative energy sources. China, as a major developing country, has long depended on coal and is now looking to biofuels to diversify its energy structure and ensure sustainable development. However, due to its large population and limited arable land, it cannot widely use corn or sugarcane as raw materials for bioenergy. Instead, the Chinese government encourages the planting of non-food crops on marginal lands to safeguard food security and support the biofuel sector. The Southern China Karst Region, with its typical karst landscape and fragile ecological environment, offers a wealth of potential marginal land resources that are suitable for planting non-food energy crops. This area is also one of the most impoverished rural regions in China, confronting a variety of challenges, such as harsh natural conditions, scarcity of land, and ecological deterioration. Idesia polycarpa, as a fast-growing tree species that is drought-tolerant and can thrive in poor soil, is well adapted to the karst region and has important value for ecological restoration and biodiesel production. By integrating 19 bioclimatic variables and karst landform data, our analysis reveals that the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model surpasses the Random Forest (RF) model in predictive accuracy for Idesia polycarpa’s distribution. The karst areas of Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces are identified as highly suitable for the species, aligning with regions of ecological vulnerability and poverty. This research provides critical insights into the strategic cultivation of Idesia polycarpa, contributing to ecological restoration, local economic development, and the advancement of China’s biofuel industry.
Biomass Ash as a Substitute for Lime and Its Impact on Grassland Soil, Forage, and Soil Microbiota
Authors: Kurzemann Felix R. , Juárez Marina Fernández-Delgado , Probst Maraike , Gómez-Brandón María , Spiegel Heide , Resch Reinhard , Insam Heribert , Pötsch Erich M.
Published: July 2024

In this eight-year grassland field trial, we compared the fertilization effects of biomass ashes (BMAs) and carbonated lime (CaCO3) in combined application with cattle slurry (CS). Our study focused on plant coverage, forage yield, and quality, as well as soil physicochemical and microbiological properties. The fertilization strategies included CS mixed with BMA or CaCO3 applied three times a year and a separate annual application of ash or CaCO3, independent of CS. Samplings were performed in 2010, 2014, and 2018. Despite an absence of observable effects on soil, microbial properties, and forage quality, CS application, with or without BMA/CaCO3, resulted in higher forage yields compared to the unfertilized control and plots receiving only ash or CaCO3. Forage properties remained consistent across treatments. However, the combined application of CS with both ash and CaCO3 led to a reduction in volatile organic compounds, total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and electrical conductivity in the soil from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, the relative abundance of specific microbial families (Nitrosomonadaceae, Acidothermaceae, Bacillaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae) varied based on whether soils received a single amendment or a combination thereof. Our findings suggest that BMA is a valuable substitute for traditional liming agents, regardless of the application mode.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Growth Trait Heterosis in Crossbred Meat Rabbits
Authors: Xiao Zhanjun , Li Yuchao , Yang Li , Cui Mingyan , Wang Zicheng , Sun Wenqiang , Wang Jie , Chen Shiyi , Lai Songjia , Jia Xianbo
Published: July 2024

The application of heterosis can not only effectively improve the disease resistance and meat quality of livestock, but also significantly enhance the reproduction and growth of livestock and poultry. We conducted genome-wide association studies using data from F2 crossbred meat rabbits to screen out candidate genes with significant dominant effects associated with economic trait variation. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain SNPs covering the whole genome to evaluate the homozygosity of the population genome, and analyze the number, length, frequency, and distribution of ROHs in the population. Candidate genes related to economic traits of meat rabbits were searched based on high-frequency ROH regions. After quality control filtering of genotype data, 380 F2 crossbred rabbits were identified with 78,579 SNPs and 42,018 ROHs on the autosomes. The fitting of the Logistic growth curve model showed that 49-day-old rabbits were a growth inflection point. Then, through genome-wide association studies, 10 SNP loci and seven growth trait candidate genes were found to be significantly related to body weight in meat rabbits at 84 days of age. In addition, we revealed the functional roles and locations of 20 candidate genes in the high-frequency ROH region associated with economic traits in meat rabbits. This study identified potential genes associated with growth and development in the high-frequency ROH region of meat rabbits. In this study, the identified candidate genes can be used as molecular markers for assisted selection in meat rabbits. At the same time, the inbreeding situation based on ROH assessment can provide reference for breeding and breeding preservation of meat rabbits.
Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Drop Disease Virus Isolated from Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Chokmangmeepisarn Putita , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Domingos Jose A. , van Aerle Ronny , Bass David , Prukbenjakul Pochara , Senapin Saengchan , Rodkhum Channarong
Published: July 2024

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a double-stranded DNA virus in the family Iridoviridae, has been reported widely in southeast Asian countries as a causative agent of scale drop syndrome (SDS) in Asian seabass. SDS has resulted in high mortality and significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. This study demonstrated the use of metagenomic methods to investigate bacterial and viral communities present in infected fish tissues and recover a complete genome of the causative agent named SDDV TH7_2019. Characterization of the TH7_2019 genome revealed a genome size of 131 kb with 134 putative ORFs encoding viral proteins potentially associated with host apoptosis manipulation. A comparative genome analysis showed a high degree of amino acid identity across SDDV strains, with variations in number of repeat sequences and mutations within core genes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship among SDDV genomes. This research enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship of SDDV, contributing valuable insights for further development of effective control strategies of SDDV.
High Levels of Erucic Acid Cause Lipid Deposition, Decreased Antioxidant and Immune Abilities via Inhibiting Lipid Catabolism and Increasing Lipogenesis in Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)
Authors: Liu Yan , Ma Dingfei , Li Qiangwei , Liu Leping , Gao Wenya , Xie Yuanyuan , Wu Chenglong
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the effects of dietary erucic acid (EA) on growth, lipid accumulation, antioxidant and immune abilities, and lipid metabolism in black carp fed six diets containing varying levels of EA (0.00%, 0.44%, 0.81%, 1.83%, 2.74%, and 3.49%), for 8 weeks. Results showed that fish fed the 3.49% EA diet exhibited lower weight gain, compared to those fed the 0.81% EA diet. In a dose-dependent manner, the serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly elevated in the EA groups. The 1.83%, 2.74%, and 3.49% levels of EA increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, as well as decreased acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase values compared to the EA-deficient group. The hepatic catalase activity and transcriptional level were notably reduced, accompanied by increased hydrogen peroxide contents in the EA groups. Furthermore, dietary EA primarily increased the C22:1n-9 and C20:1n-9 levels, while decreasing the C18:0 and C18:1n-9 contents. In the EA groups, expressions of genes, including hsl, cpt1a, cpt1b, and ppara were downregulated, whereas the fas and gpat expressions were enhanced. Additionally, dietary EA elevated the mRNA level of il-1β and reduced the expression of il-10. Collectively, high levels of EA (2.74% and 3.49%) induced lipid accumulation, reduced antioxidative and immune abilities in black carp by inhibiting lipid catabolism and increasing lipogenesis. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the use of rapeseed oil rich in EA for black carp and other carnivorous fish species.
Essential Oil of Fractionated Oregano as Motility Inhibitor of Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Sánchez García Eduardo , Torres-Alvarez Cynthia , Morales Sosa Elías G. , Pimentel-González Mariana , Villarreal Treviño Licet , Amaya Guerra Carlos Abel , Castillo Sandra , Rodríguez Rodríguez José
Published: July 2024

In this research, several analyses were carried out on concentrated fractions of Mexican oregano essential oil (Poliomintha longiflora Gray) in order to determine its ability to inhibit the growth and the motility of Escherichia coli (swimming), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (swimming), and Proteus vulgaris (swarming); these Gram-negative bacteria associated with urinary tract infections are motile due to the presence of flagella, which is considered an important virulence factor that favors their motility when trying to reach the target organ and cause an infection. Also, the resistance pattern to antibiotics of each strain was determined. The results showed resistance pattern (8 out of 12 antibiotics tested) for P. aureginosa, while E. coli and P. vulgaris were resistant to 4 antibiotics out of the 12 tested. On the other hand, fractionated oregano caused an inhibition of growth and a reduction in motility, varying between fractions and among bacteria. Fraction 4 showed major growth reduction, with MBC values ranging from 0.002 to 23.7 mg/mL. Treatment with fractionated oregano (F1, F2, F3, F4) reduced the motility by 92–81% for P. vulgaris, 90–83% for E. coli, and 100–8.9% for P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrated a higher performance with a lower application dose due to its high content of Carvacrol and Thymol; unlike other concentrated fractions, this synergy of oxygenated monoterpenes may cause greater antimicrobial activity.
Protective Effects of Beta-3 Adrenoceptor Agonism on Mucosal Integrity in Hyperoxia-Induced Ileal Alterations
Authors: Nardini Patrizia , Zizi Virginia , Molino Marta , Fazi Camilla , Calvani Maura , Carrozzo Francesco , Giuseppetti Giorgia , Calosi Laura , Guasti Daniele , Biagini Denise , Di Francesco Fabio , Filippi Luca , Pini Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Organogenesis occurs in the uterus under low oxygen levels (4%). Preterm birth exposes immature newborns to a hyperoxic environment, which can induce a massive production of reactive oxygen species and potentially affect organ development, leading to diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. The β3-adrenoreceptor (β3-AR) has an oxygen-dependent regulatory mechanism, and its activation exerts an antioxidant effect. To test the hypothesis that β3-AR could protect postnatal ileal development from the negative impact of high oxygen levels, Sprague–Dawley rat pups were raised under normoxia (21%) or hyperoxia (85%) for the first 2 weeks after birth and treated or not with BRL37344, a selective β3-AR agonist, at 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg. Hyperoxia alters ileal mucosal morphology, leading to increased cell lipid oxidation byproducts, reduced presence of β3-AR-positive resident cells, decreased junctional protein expression, disrupted brush border, mucin over-production, and impaired vascularization. Treatment with 3 mg/kg of BRL37344 prevented these alterations, although not completely, while the lower 1 mg/kg dose was ineffective, and the higher 6 mg/kg dose was toxic. Our findings indicate the potential of β3-AR agonism as a new therapeutic approach to counteract the hyperoxia-induced ileal alterations and, more generally, the disorders of prematurity related to supra-physiologic oxygen exposure.
Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem Resistance in Bathing Waters—Preliminary Studies of Great Rudnickie Lake
Authors: Jendrzejewska Natalia , Karwowska Ewa
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the emission and spread of these bacteria, and the genes that determine antibiotic resistance in the environment are now a major health security concern. This is especially important for anthropopressed surface waters used for recreational purposes. A particular threat is the occurrence of bacteria resistant to frequently applied pharmaceuticals, especially those used to treat persistent and complicated bacterial infections. Hence, a preliminary study of the occurrence of bacteria and genes determining resistance to selected antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and imipenem, was conducted in the bathing waters of the Great Rudnickie Lake. The research showed that the resistance to ciprofloxacin was exhibited by 28% of the total mesophilic bacteria present in water, while the resistance to imipenem was detected in 3.6% of them. It was found that 17–40% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained the fluoroquinolone-resistance gene qnrS, while the β-lactam-resistance gene blaTEM was found in all the imipenem-resistant strains. The increase in the number of bacteria resistant to the tested antibiotics in the waters of the river outflowing from the lake was observed compared to the inflowing waters, suggesting the potential of the water reservoir as a site for the spreading of drug resistance against tested antibiotics.
Tiny Machine Learning Battery State-of-Charge Estimation Hardware Accelerated
Authors: Pau Danilo Pietro , Aniballi Alberto
Published: July 2024

Electric mobility is pervasive and strongly affects everyone in everyday life. Motorbikes, bikes, cars, humanoid robots, etc., feature specific battery architectures composed of several lithium nickel oxide cells. Some of them are connected in series and others in parallel within custom architectures. They need to be controlled against over current, temperature, inner pressure and voltage, and their charge/discharge needs to be continuously monitored and balanced among the cells. Such a battery management system exhibits embarrassingly parallel computing, as hundreds of cells offer the opportunity for scalable and decentralized monitoring and control. In recent years, tiny machine learning has emerged as a data-driven black-box approach to address application problems at the edge by using very limited energy, computational and storage resources to achieve under mW power consumption. Examples of tiny devices at the edge include microcontrollers capable of 10–100 s MHz with 100 s KiB to few MB embedded memory. This study addressed battery management systems with a particular focus on state-of-charge prediction. Several machine learning workloads were studied by using IEEE open-source datasets to profile their accuracy. Moreover, their deployability on a range of microcontrollers was studied, and their memory footprints were reported in a very detailed manner. Finally, computational requirements were proposed with respect to the parallel nature of the battery system architecture, suggesting a per cell and per module tiny, decentralized artificial intelligence system architecture.
Prediction of Grazing Incidence Focusing Mirror Imaging Quality Based on Accurate Modelling of the Surface Shape Accuracy for the Whole Assembly Process
Authors: Li Erbo , Zhang Zhijing , Li Chaojiang , Zuo Fuchang , Mei Zhiwu , Su Taiyu
Published: July 2024

The key indicator of a grazing incidence focusing mirror’s imaging quality is its angular resolution, which is significantly influenced by its surface shape distribution error. In this paper, we propose a method for the prediction of grazing incidence focusing mirror imaging quality based on accurate modelling of the surface shape accuracy for the whole assembly process. Firstly, the three-dimensional surface shape distribution error of the inner surface of the focusing mirror is reconstructed based on measured point cloud data, and the changes in the surface shape induced by suspension gravity and the adhesive curing shrinkage force are obtained through simulation, and then an accurate geometric digital twin model based on the characterisation of its surface shape accuracy is established. Finally, a study on the quantitative prediction of the angular resolution of its imaging quality is performed. The results show that the surface shape error before assembly has the greatest influence on the imaging quality; the difference in angular resolution between the two suspension methods under the influence of gravity is approximately 2.1″, and the angular resolution decreases by about 4.2″ due to adhesive curing. This method can provide effective support for the prediction of the imaging quality of grazing incidence focusing mirrors.
Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on MVMD Feature Extraction and Informer Model
Authors: Xu Ruilin , Zheng Jianyong , Mei Fei , Yang Xie , Wu Yue , Zhang Heng
Published: July 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) power fluctuates with weather changes, and traditional forecasting methods typically decompose the power itself to study its characteristics, ignoring the impact of multidimensional weather conditions on the power decomposition. Therefore, this paper proposes a short-term PV power generation method based on MVMD (multivariate variational mode decomposition) feature extraction and the Informer model. First, MIC correlation analysis is used to extract weather features most related to PV power. Next, to more comprehensively describe the relationship between PV power and environmental conditions, MVMD is used for time–frequency synchronous analysis of the PV power time series combined with the highest MIC correlation weather data, obtaining frequency-aligned multivariate intrinsic modes. These modes incorporate multidimensional weather factors into the data-decomposition-based forecasting method. Finally, to enhance the model’s learning capability, the Informer neural network model is employed in the prediction phase. Based on the input PV IMF time series and associated weather mode components, the Informer prediction model is constructed for training and forecasting. The predicted results of different PV IMF modes are then superimposed to obtain the total PV power generation. Experiments show that this method improves PV power generation accuracy, with an MAPE value of 4.31%, demonstrating good robustness. In terms of computational efficiency, the Informer model’s ability to handle long sequences with sparse attention mechanisms reduces training and prediction times by approximately 15%, making it faster than conventional deep learning models.
Analyzing the Impact of a Structured LLM Workshop in Different Education Levels
Authors: Kozov Vasil , Ivanova Boyana , Shoylekova Kamelia , Andreeva Magdalena
Published: July 2024

An observation on the current state of teaching large language models (LLMs) in education is made. The problem of lacking a structural approach is defined. A methodology is created in order to serve as the basis of a workshop in teaching students with different types of backgrounds the correct use of LLMs and their capabilities. A workshop plan is created; instructions and materials are presented. A practical experiment has been conducted by dividing students into teams and guiding them to create a small project. Different LLMs are used for the purposes of creating a fictional story, images relating to the story, and very simple HTML, JS, and CSS code. Participants are given requirements that consider the limitations of LLMs, and different approaches to creatively solving arising issues due to the requirements are observed. The students’ projects are hosted on the web, so that they can see the results of their work. They are given the opportunity to use them as motivation for their future development. A survey is created and distributed to all the participating students. The results are analyzed from different angles and conclusions are made on the effectiveness of the workshop in completing its goal of solving the defined problem.
Research on Public Service Request Text Classification Based on BERT-BiLSTM-CNN Feature Fusion
Authors: Xiong Yunpeng , Chen Guolian , Cao Junkuo
Published: July 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face challenges in capturing long-distance text correlations, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks exhibit limited feature extraction capabilities for text classification of public service requests. To address the abovementioned problems, this work utilizes an ensemble learning approach to integrate model elements efficiently. This study presents a method for classifying public service request text using a hybrid neural network model called BERT-BiLSTM-CNN. First, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is used for preprocessing to obtain text vector representations. Then, context and process sequence information are captured through BiLSTM. Next, local features in the text are captured through CNN. Finally, classification results are obtained through Softmax. Through comparative analysis, the method of fusing these three models is superior to other hybrid neural network model architectures in multiple classification tasks. It has a significant effect on public service request text classification.
Theoretical Discrimination Method of Water-Flowing Fractured Zone Development Height Based on Thin Plate Theory
Authors: Wu Fengfeng , Gao Zhiqiang , Liu Huaidong , Yu Xin , Gu Haoyuan
Published: July 2024

The water-flowing fractured zone development height (WFZDH) is of great importance for water prevention and control in coal mines. The purpose of this research is to obtain a WFZDH prediction method of the first mining face based on thin plate theory, considering the rock stratum as a thin plate. By analyzing the thin plate, we expect to derive formulas for deflection, thus further analyzing the deformation of the rock formation. Existing methods tend to analyze the rock stratum as if they were beams, and their results are errors from reality. The proposed method is more realistic in analyzing the rock stratum as a plate. The theoretical discrimination method for the WFZDH based on thin-plate theory was investigated using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurements. A mechanical model of the key stratum (a hard and thick rock stratum that controls the activity of all rock formations overlying a mining site, either locally or up to the surface) as a thin plate was established. The formulae for the deflection of the key stratum and the critical span for fracture were obtained from this model. The failure of the key stratum must meet two conditions: the key stratum’s suspended span exceeds the critical span at which key strata first fracture, and the free space height below the key stratum is greater than its maximum deflection. Based on the above demarcation basis and key stratum failure conditions, the method of discriminating the WFZDH and its applicable conditions are proposed. In accordance with Yeping Coal Mine’s geological background, the method was applied to discriminate the WFZDH, and the WFZDH was calculated to be 54 m. The results of the numerical simulation show that WFZDH is 55 m, and the measured results using the double-end water plugging device observation method and the Borehole TV method are 55.3 m~58.9 m. By comparing and analyzing the results obtained via various methods, the results show that the WFZDH analyzed using thin-plate theory is similar to those measured in the field and obtained through numerical simulation, verifying the appropriateness and practicability of the WFZDH discrimination method based on thin-plate theory. This research obtained the WFZDH of Yeping Coal Mine, which ensured its safe mining and provided guidance for the estimation of WFZDH in other mines with similar conditions.
Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from a Large Two-Stroke Slow-Speed Marine Engine Equipped with Open-Loop Scrubber under Real Sailing Conditions
Authors: Grigoriadis Achilleas , Kousias Nikolaos , Raptopoulos-Chatzistefanou Anastasios , Salberg Håkan , Moldanová Jana , Hermansson Anna-Lunde , Cha Yingying , Kontses Anastasios , Toumasatos Zisimos , Mamarikas Sokratis , Ntziachristos Leonidas
Published: July 2024

Particulate and gaseous emissions were studied from a large two-stroke slow-speed diesel engine equipped with an open-loop scrubber, installed on a 78,200 metric tonnes (deadweight) containership, under real operation. This paper presents the on-board emission measurements conducted upstream and downstream of the scrubber with heavy fuel oil (HFO) and ultra-low sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO). Particle emissions were examined under various dilution ratios and temperature conditions, and with two thermal treatment setups, involving a thermodenuder (TD) and a catalytic stripper (CS). Our results show a 75% SO2 reduction downstream of the scrubber with the HFO to emission-compliant levels, while the use of the ULSFO further decreased SO2 levels. The operation of the scrubber produced higher particle number levels compared to engine-out, attributed to the condensational growth of nanometer particle cores, salt and the formation of sulfuric acid particles in the smaller size range, induced by the scrubber. The use of a TD and a CS eliminates volatiles but can generate new particles when used in high-sulfur conditions. The results of this study contribute to the generally limited understanding of the particulate and gaseous emission performance of open-loop scrubbers in ships and could feed into emission and air quality models for estimating marine pollution impacts.
A Note on the Multiplicity of the Distinguished Points
Authors: Li Weiping , Wang Xiaoshen
Published: July 2024

Let P(x) be a system of polynomials in s variables, where x∈Cs. If z0 is an isolated zero of P, then the multiplicity and its structure at z0 can be revealed by the normal set of the quotient ring R() or its dual space R* or by certain numerical methods. In his book titled “Numerical Polynomial Algebra”, Stetter described the so-called distinguished points, which are embedded in a zero manifold of P, and the author defined their multiplicities. In this note, we will generalize the definition of distinguished points and give a more appropriate definition for their multiplicity, as well as show how to calculate the multiplicity of these points.
Stability Analysis of a Credit Risk Contagion Model with Distributed Delay
Authors: Anokye Martin , Guerrini Luca , Sackitey Albert L. , Assabil Samuel E. , Amankwah Henry
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the stability and occurrence of Hopf bifurcation in a credit risk contagion model, which includes distributed delay, using the chain trick method. The model is a generalized version of those previously examined. The model is an expanded version of those previously studied. Comparative analysis showed that unlike earlier models, which only used the nonlinear resistance coefficient to determine the rate of credit risk infection, the credit risk contagion rate is also affected by the weight given to past behaviors of credit risk participants. Therefore, it is recommended to model the transmission of credit risk contagion using dispersed delays.
Editorial Topical Collection: “Biomedical Imaging and Data Analytics for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment”
Authors: Ieracitano Cosimo , Zhang Xuejun
Published: July 2024

The integration of biomedical imaging techniques with advanced data analytics is at the forefront of a transformative era in healthcare [...]
Persistence of Correlations in Neurotransmitter Transport through the Synaptic Cleft
Authors: Khonkhodzhaev Masroor , Maglakelidze Shota , Dubi Yonatan , Mourokh Lev
Published: July 2024

The “quantum brain” proposal can revolutionize our understanding of cognition if proven valid. The core of the most common “quantum brain” mechanism is the appearance of correlated neuron triggering induced by quantum correlations between ions. In this work, we examine the preservation of the correlations created in the pre-synaptic neurons through the transfer of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft, a critical ingredient for the validity of the “quantum brain” hypothesis. We simulated the transport of two neurotransmitters at two different clefts, with the only assumption that they start simultaneously, and determined the difference in their first passage times. We show that in physiological conditions, the correlations are persistent even if the parameters of the two neurons are different.