bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary v. carbonate production in the Toarcian, a case study from the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales
Authors: Menini Alessandro , Mattioli Emanuela , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Ruhl Micha , Suan Guillaume
Published: August 2021

The leading hypothesis for the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE;
c.
183 Ma) and the associated negative C-isotope excursion is the massive release of
12
C favouring greenhouse conditions and continental weathering. The nutrient delivery to shallow basins supported productivity and, because of O
2
consumption by organic-matter respiration, anoxia development. However, several studies have shown that calcareous nannoplankton experienced a decrease during the T-OAE. Nannofossil fluxes measured in the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales, UK, were the highest prior to the negative C-isotope excursion, along with high amounts of taxa indicative of nutrient-rich environments (Biscutaceae). Such conditions attest to high productivity. Fluxes show the lowest values in the core of the event, along with a size decrease of
Schizosphaerella
and a peak in Calyculaceae. The recovery of nannofossil fluxes and
Schizosphaerella
size occurred concomitant with the return of C-isotopes to more positive values. Concomitantly, deep dwellers (
Crepidolithus crassus
) dominated, indicating a recovery of the photic-zone productivity. These observations demonstrate that the cascade of environmental responses to the initial perturbation was more complex than previously considered. In spite of elevated nutrient delivery to epicontinental basins in the early Toarcian, carbonate and primary productions of nannoplankton were depressed in the core the T-OAE, probably because of prolonged thermohaline seawater stratification.
The Political Economy of Attention
Authors: Pedersen Morten Axel , Albris Kristoffer , Seaver Nick
Published: August 2021

Attention has become an issue of intense political, economic, and moral concern over recent years: from the commodification of attention by digital platforms to the alleged loss of the attentional capacities of screen-addicted children (and their parents). While attention has rarely been an explicit focus of anthropological inquiry, it has still played an important if mostly tacit part in many anthropological debates and subfields. Focusing on anthropological scholarship on digital worlds and ritual forms, we review resources for colleagues interested in this burgeoning topic of research and identify potential avenues for an incipient anthropology of attention, which studies how attentional technologies and techniques mold human minds and bodies in more or less intentional ways.
Study on the Key Technology of Controlling the Instability of Deep High‐Stress Coal and Rock Mass and Relieving the Danger
Authors: Zhang Zhijing , Zuo Jianghong , Lei Dongji
Published: August 2021

In order to solve the problem of stress concentration and gas overrun in the process of uncovering high gas and thick coal seam, combined with the occurrence characteristics of coal seams in Wuyang Coal Mine, the measures of “hydraulic and mechanical cavity making + steel screen pipe + surrounding rock grouting” are adopted to establish a method for mutual verification of multiple effect test indexes of residual stress, residual gas content, coal seam moisture content, and microseismic signal characteristics, and the three‐dimensional accurate analysis of the influence range of hydraulic cavitation is effectively realized. By comparing and analyzing the gas extraction amount, the surrounding borehole stress change and the microseismic monitoring signals before and after the application of hydraulic cavitation technology are studied. The results show the following. (1) The pressure relief effect of the hydraulic cavity on surrounding coal decreases with the increase of distance, and the pressure relief effect is most obvious at 1.0∼2.5 m, in the range of 2.5–3.5 m around the hydraulic drilling hole, the duration, rate, and amplitude of pressure relief are reduced compared with those in the range of less than 2.5 m, while in the range of more than 3.5 m, the effect of pressure relief is very weak. (2) During the period of hydraulic cavitation release hole, the radius of water supply to coal seam is within 1.5 m, which accounts for 79% of coal wall area. (3) It is also a process where the stress distribution in the coal and rock body needs to be rebalanced before and after hydraulic caverning, which is often accompanied by microfracture of coal and rock mass. The analysis shows that, before hydraulic caverning, the waveform of coal and rock fracture signal has a short duration, large amplitude, and obvious signal mutation, and the dominant frequency of the signal is about 250 Hz, with large total energy. After hydraulic caverning, the intensity of coal and rock fracture events is greatly reduced. The research results can effectively identify the influence range of hydraulic cavitation, improve the detection accuracy and efficiency of hydraulic cavitation range, effectively predict and warn the hidden danger of mine safety, and provide a reference for the work of similar mines.
Influencing Factors and Prediction Model for the Antierosion Performance of Cement‐Improved Loess Compacted Using Different Compaction Methods
Authors: Yuan Kejia , Jiang Yingjun , Cai Luyao , Fan Jiangtao , Deng Changqing , Xue Jinshun
Published: August 2021

To analyze the antierosion performance of cement‐improved loess (CIL), several influencing factors have been investigated based on two different compaction methods, which include the quasi‐static compaction method (QSCM) and the vertical vibration compaction method (VVCM). Then, a prediction model for the cumulative erosion mass loss (CEML) has been established. The effects of erosion on the strength deterioration of CIL were also studied. The results show that, compared with QSCM, specimens compacted using the VVCM have better antierosion performance. As the cement content and the compaction coefficient are increased by 1%, the antierosion performance is increased by 16% and 6.2%, respectively. The eroding time has a significant effect on the antierosion performance of CIL, and the CEML increases linearly with an increase in the eroding time. The compressive strength of CIL decreases significantly due to erosion, and based on the average deterioration degree of the specimens, the design criteria for strength of CIL are proposed, which can provide reference for the design of CIL.
Some Results on Fractional m-Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Zhu Huijuan , Han Baozhi , Shen Jun
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we will apply some fixed-point theorems to discuss the existence of solutions for fractional m-point boundary value problems

D

0

+

q

u

″

t

=
h

t

f

u

t

,
t
∈

0
,
1

,
1
<
q
≤
2
,

u

′

0

=

u

″

0

=
u

1

=
0
,

u

″

1

−

∑

i
=
1

m
−
2

α

i

u

‴

ξ

i

=
0
.

In addition, we also present Lyapunov’s inequality and Ulam-Hyers stability results for the given m-point boundary value problems.
Dynamic Topology Optimization of Long‐Span Continuum Structures
Authors: Wang Yingjia , Qin Dongchen , Wang Ranran , Zhao Heming
Published: August 2021

Herein, to improve the dynamic performance of continuum structures, their fundamental frequency is optimized using the topology optimization method. This helps to obtain the best material distribution in the design space and increases the fundamental frequency of the structure higher than the disturbance frequency. Using the variable density method, the dynamic topology optimization model of a long‐span continuum structure is built based on the density interpolation model of a solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP). The goal of this optimization is to maximize the first‐order eigenvalue, and the optimization constraint is that the total volume of the structure is smaller than the given value. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the model, sensitivity filtering is adopted to avoid numerical instability during calculation. Moreover, the optimization criterion method is used to iteratively solve the optimization results. Finally, the structural topology optimization method is implemented on the long‐span single beam of a bridge crane at a construction site. The results show that the natural frequency of the structure is increased and the modal characteristics are improved, which lays the foundation for further optimization and dynamic‐response analysis.
Association between Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Wu Xun , Wang Yunting , Ren Ziyu , Li Linman , Qian Wenjie , Chen Yue , Ren Wei
Published: August 2021

Objective. Patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) confer a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease and increased mortality because of metabolic disorders. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) plays an important role in predicting metabolic abnormalities. We sought to investigate the correlation between GDF-15 and cardiovascular risk in AGHD patients. Methods. The study enrolled 80 AGHD patients and 80 healthy subjects. We analyzed the association between GDF-15 and some major biochemical indicators. The potential association between GDF-15 and cardiovascular disease risk was analyzed. Results. The AGHD group exhibited increased waist-hip ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid levels compared with the healthy control group. Serum GDF-15 levels in AGHD group were elevated significantly compared with the control group

P
<
0.001

. GDF-15 levels were negatively associated with insulin-like growth factor-1 in AGHD group

P
=
0.006

and positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio

P
=
0.018

, triglycerides

P
=
0.007

, and hs-CRP

P
=
0.046

. In addition, GDF-15 was positively correlated with Framingham risk score significantly after adjustment for other factors (r = 0.497,

P
<
0.001

). Moreover, GDF-15 was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in AGHD patients after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion. Elevated GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors and can be considered as a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular risk in AGHD patients.
A Novel Fault Diagnosis Strategy for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Cao Li , Yue Yinggao , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2021

Fault diagnosis is a guarantee for the reliable operation of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, and accurate fault prediction can effectively improve the reliability of wireless sensor networks. First, it summarizes the node fault classification and common fault diagnosis methods of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. After that, taking advantage of the short learning time, fewer parameter settings, and good generalization ability of kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), the collected sample data of the sensor node hardware failure is introduced into the trained kernel extreme learning machine and realizes the fault identification of various hardware modules of the sensor node. Regarding the regularization coefficient C and the kernel parameter s in KELM as the model parameters, it will affect the accuracy of the fault diagnosis model of the kernel extreme learning machine. A method for the sensor nodes fault diagnosis of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks based on kernel extreme learning machine optimized by the improved artificial bee colony algorithm (IABC‐KELM) is proposed. The proposed algorithm has stronger ability to solve regression fault diagnosis problems, better generalization performance, and faster calculation speed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of the hardware fault diagnosis of the sensor nodes and can be better applied to the node hardware fault diagnosis of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
Comprehensive Analysis of CD163 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Di , Yi Bolong , Cai Heng , Xi Zhuo , Lou Xin , Li Zhen
Published: August 2021

Background. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignancy in adults with high aggression. The prognosis of GBM patients is poor. There is a critical need for novel biomarkers for the prognosis and therapy of GBM. Methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GBM were screened using TCGA cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on DEGs to identify the optimal prognosis‐related genes. qRT‐PCR was performed to verify the result. Results. A total of 5216 DEGs, including 2785 upregulated and 2458 downregulated genes, were obtained. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle, immune response, and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the top 50 DEGs were associated with drug resistance or drug sensitivity. Prognosis analysis revealed that GBM patients with a high expression of CD163 and CHI3L2 had a poor overall survival, prognosis‐free survival, and disease‐specific survival. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CD163 and age were independent factors affecting the prognosis of GBM patients. A validation study revealed that CD163 was upregulated in GBM tissues and associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, further analysis revealed that CD163 showed significant correlation with immune cells, immune biomarkers, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. We also identified several CD163‐associated kinase, miRNA, and transcription factor targets in GBM, including LCK, miR‐483, and ELF1. Conclusions. In conclusion, our study suggested CD163 as a prognostic biomarker and associated it with immune infiltration in GBM.
Comparison of Methods for Assessing the Assimilation Capacity of the Kazakhstani Sector of the Ili River
Authors: Nurseitova A. T. , Jamalov J. K. , Azimov A. A. , Nurseitov D. B. , Tursunov E. A.
Published: August 2021

A mixed inverse problem for determining the biochemical oxygen demand of water (

L

0

) and the rate of biochemical oxygen consumption (

k

0

), which are important indicators of water quality, has been formulated and numerically solved based on real experimental data. The inverse problem is reduced to the optimization problem consisting in minimization of the deviation of the calculated values from the experimental data, which is solved numerically using the Nelder–Mead method (zero order) and the gradient method (first order). A number of examples of processing both model experimental data and field experimental data provided by hydrological stations monitoring pollutants in the Kazakhstani part of the Ili River basin are presented. A mathematical model that adequately describes the processes in the river system has been constructed.
Freeze‐Thaw Splitting Strength Analysis of PAC Based on the Gray‐Markov Model
Authors: Yu Baoyang , Sun Zongguang , Qi Lin
Published: August 2021

In this study, a freeze‐thaw split test was carried out to simulate the frost‐heaving behavior of permeable asphalt concrete (PAC). Furthermore, the water stability problems caused by spalling and loosening were studied. Through a comparative analysis of the freeze‐thaw split ratio of porosities of 19%, 21%, and 24%, the PAC porosity with excellent water stability was determined to be 19–21%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PAC with the three porosity values after repeated freezing and thawing verified that the porosities were greater than 24% and the asphalt film peeling area was the largest, resulting in the rapid decline of the PAC freeze‐thaw split ratio. The Gray‐Markov model was used to predict the water stability of the mixture with a porosity of 21%. Based on the results, a Gray‐Markov method for evaluating the PAC water stability in seasonally frozen areas was introduced.
Scattering of Antiplane SH Waves by Complex Landforms
Authors: Sun Menghan , Qi Hui
Published: August 2021

The multiple scattering of SH waves by isosceles triangular hill, semicircle depression, and isosceles trapezoidal hill in the solid half‐space is studied. The complex model is divided into multiple subdomains by using the region matching method, then the wave functions in each subdomain are constructed by using the fractional‐order Bessel function, and finally, the infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients in the wave function are established by using the multipolar coordinate technique and the complex function method according to the boundary conditions. Fourier series is used to solve the unknown undetermined coefficients. The results show that due to the multiple reflections of the incident wave between complex landforms, surface displacement amplitude is affected by the incident angle, incident frequency, and the distance between the isosceles triangular hill, semicircle depression, and isosceles trapezoidal hill. It is found that when the incident frequency increases, there is a certain amplification effect between the hills and the depression. When the wave is incident horizontally, there is a certain “barrier” effect between hills and depression, and when the distance between the hills and depression reaches a certain level, the “barrier” effect will reach a stable value.
A Damage Detection Method Using Neural Network Optimized by Multiple Particle Collision Algorithm
Authors: Farias Sergio V. , Saotome Osamu , Campos Velho Haroldo F. , Shiguemori Elcio H.
Published: August 2021

A critical task of structural health monitoring is damage detection and localization. Lamb wave propagation methods have been successfully applied for damage identification in plate‐like structures. However, Lamb wave processing is still a challenging task due to its multimodal and dispersive characteristics. To address this issue, data‐driven machine learning approaches as artificial neural network (ANN) have been proposed. However, the effectiveness of ANN can be improved based on its architecture and the learning strategy employed to train it. The present paper proposes a Multiple Particle Collision Algorithm (MPCA) to design an optimum ANN architecture to detect and locate damages in plate‐like structures. For the first time in the literature, the MPCA is applied to find damages in plate‐like structures. The present work uses one piezoelectric transducer to generate Lamb wave signals on an aluminum plate structure and a linear array of four transducers to capture the scattered signals. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) processes the captured signals to estimate the time‐of‐flight (ToF) that is the ANN inputs. The ANN output is the damage spatial coordinates. In addition to MPCA optimization, this paper uses a quantitative entropy‐based criterion to find the best mother wavelet and the scale values. The presented experimental results show that MPCA is capable of finding a simple ANN architecture with good generalization performance in the proposed damage localization application. The proposed method is compared with the 1‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN). A discussion about the advantages and limitations of the proposed method is presented.
Plasma Homocysteine Is a Predictive Factor for Accelerated Renal Function Decline and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Community-Dwelling Population
Authors: Xiao Wenkai , Ye Ping , Wang Fan , Cao Ruihua , Bai Yongyi , Wang Xiaona
Published: August 2021

Background: Whether elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for the progression of kidney disease in general population has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic properties of plasma tHcy for renal function decrement and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in community-dwelling populations with normal renal function at baseline. Methods: A total of 1,426 participants were enrolled and followed for a median of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.5–5.2), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated. One main outcome was the rapid eGFR decline defined as a decline in eGFR of >3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year; the other was the new incidence of CKD. Results: At the end of follow-up, the incidence of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset CKD was 20.7 and 5.6%, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age, central pulse pressure, fasting blood glucose, and concentration of tHcy were independent determinants of the change in eGFR. There was a graded association between tHcy quartiles and eGFR decline. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of tHcy levels, those with the highest quartile had significantly increased risk for rapid eGFR decline (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–2.94) and new onset of CKD (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.42–12.99) after adjusting for various confounders. Similarly, significant associations were also found when baseline tHcy was classified as hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 μmol/L) versus normal tHcy level (≤15 μmol/L). However, there was only association between the change in tHcy levels and new occurrence of CKD but not with rapid eGFR decline (aOR = 0.99, p = 0.613). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort of individuals from community-based population, elevated plasma tHcy emerged as an independent predictor of renal function decline and incident CKD, which might support selection of at-risk individuals.
A History of Cerebrovascular Disease Is Independently Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cohort Study of 369,563 COVID-19 Cases in the USA
Authors: Nia Anna M. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Hayworth Miranda K. , Lall Rishi R. , Kan Peter
Published: August 2021

Objectives: We set out to evaluate the risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and subsequent cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the population with a prior diagnosis of CVD within the past 10 years. Methods: We utilized the TriNetX Analytics Network to query 369,563 CO­VID-19 cases up to December 30, 2020. We created 8 cohorts of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis based on a previous diagnosis of CVD. We measured the odds ratios, relative risks, risk differences for hospitalizations, ICU/critical care services, intubation, mortality, and CVD recurrence within 90 days of COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to a propensity-matched cohort with no prior history of CVD within 90 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: 369,563 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with a subset of 22,497 (6.09%) patients with a prior diagnosis of CVD within 10 years. All cohorts with a CVD diagnosis had an increased risk of hospitalization, critical care services, and mortality within 90 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Additionally, the data demonstrate that any history of CVD is associated with significantly increased odds of subsequent CVD post-COVID-19 compared to a matched control. Conclusions: CVD, a known complication of CO­VID-19, is more frequent in patients with a prior history of CVD. Patients with any previous diagnosis of CVD are at higher risks of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. In patients admitted to the ED due to COVID-19 symptoms, these risk factors should be promptly identified as delayed or missed risk stratification and could lead to an ineffective and untimely diagnosis of subsequent CVD, which would lead to protracted hospitalization and poor prognosis.
Experience of Excess Skin and Attitude to Body Contouring Surgery of a Chinese Post-Bariatric Population
Authors: Jiang Zhiyuan , Zhang Guixiang , Du Xiao , Chen Yi , Shen Chaoyong , Cai Zhen , Zhang Bo , Cheng Zhong
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Western studies have explored post-bariatric patients concerning their views on excess skin and body contouring surgery (BCS), but Asian data were lacking. This study aims to investigate the experience of excess skin and attitude to BCS of a Chinese post-bariatric population. Methods: A total of 210 Chinese patients who underwent bariatric surgery from March 2015 to September 2018 were cross-sectional studied using the Sahlgrenska Excess Skin Questionnaire and a study-specific questionnaire. Results: The survey response rate was 61.4%. Most responders (78.2%) reported they had excess skin, and the most common sites were the abdomen (70.2%) and the upper arms (61.3%). Most responders (66.1%) reported being bothered by impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the most common problem was “the feeling of having unattractive body appearance” (42.7%). Many patients (37.9%) desired for BCS, and “the impact of excess skin is not serious enough” was the reason why not undergoing BCS being chosen most (28.1%), then “the cost is too high” (20.2%) and “worrying about the risk or complications of BCS” (18.4%). Younger age, female gender, higher weight loss, having full-time job, and earning higher income were independent factors increasing their desires for BCS. Conclusions: Most Chinese post-bariatric patients have excess skin and are bothered by impaired HRQoL. The abdomen and upper arms are the sites where patients are most seriously affected and most eager for BCS. The conservative attitude toward BCS and the cost without reimbursement are the main barriers.
Efficacy of Low-Dose versus High-Dose Continuous Cyclic Azithromycin Therapy for Preventing Acute Exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Pomares Xavier , Montón Concepción , Huertas Daniel , Marín Alicia , Cuevas Ester , Casabella Antonio , Martí Sara , Oliva Joan Carles , Santos Salud
Published: August 2021

Background: Long-term azithromycin therapy significantly reduces the frequency of COPD exacerbations (ECOPD). However, previous studies have used different dosing regimens, and the efficacy of these regimens has not been compared. Objective: Compare the efficacy of low-dose with high-dose continuous cyclic azithromycin (CC-A) in severe COPD. Methods: Patients with severe COPD and repeated exacerbations (ECOPD ≥4 or ≥3 with at least 1 hospital admission in the previous year) were prospectively recruited (January 2017 to December 2019) as a multicenter cohort (from 3 university hospitals in the Barcelona area) and treated with low-dose CC-A: 250 mg 3 times per week (250-CC-A group). This cohort was compared with a historical (January 2007 to December 2013) single-center cohort of severe COPD with frequent ECOPD treated with high-dose CC-A: 500 mg 3 times per week (500-CC-A group). To assess differences in ECOPD prevention according to the administration of low-dose or high-dose CC-A, moderate-to-severe ECOPD was evaluated during the 12-month period before and after starting CC-A therapy. Results: Fifty-eight patients with severe COPD were evaluated: 37 in the low-dose group and 21 in the high-dose group. The 250-CC-A therapy group achieved a mean reduction in moderate-to-severe ECOPD of 65.6% at 12 months after starting CC-A therapy (with a 61.5% reduction in hospitalizations), while the 500-CC-A group achieved a reduction of 60.5% (with a 44.8% reduction in hospitalizations). No significant differences between 250-CC-A and 500-CC-A dosages were observed in the mean annual reduction of moderate-to-severe ECOPD (p = 0.55) or hospitalizations (p = 0.07) with respect to the year prior to starting CC-A. Conclusions: Low-dose 250-CC-A therapy over a 1-year period is similar to high-dose 500-CC-A in reducing exacerbation frequency in severe COPD patients with frequent ECOPD despite maximal medical therapy.
Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as a Large Abdominal Mass
Authors: Haider Asim , Mehershahi Shehriyar , Siddiqa Ayesha , Sharma Madhav , Patel Harish
Published: August 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Although they constitute 1% of primary gastrointestinal tumors, they are the most common nonepithelial tumors involving the gastrointestinal tract. They mostly present as overt or occult gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a case in which a 77-year-old female presented with a large abdominal mass. The origin of the mass was unclear on CT and MRI scan of the abdomen. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion in the perigastric region. A fine-needle biopsy of the lesion was performed, which was consistent with spindle type GIST. After the initial failure of imatinib therapy, the tumor was managed surgically.
Antiguo régimen, opresión y revolución: el lugar de la historia en la Mémoire de Meslier
Authors: Tizziani Manuel
Published: August 2021

¿Qué lugar ocupa la historia en la Mémoire de Meslier? ¿Qué importancia tuvieron algunos relatos históricos en las reflexiones políticas del cura? Según nuestra hipótesis, la lectura de diversos panfletos, novelas y crónicas le permitieron comprender que la opresión que sufrían los feligreses de Etrépigny no era un hecho aislado, sino un rasgo común del Antiguo Régimen. De allí que esos textos tengan un rol crucial para comprender el alcance que Meslier busca darle a sus reflexiones. Si la sumisión teológico-política no se encuentra circunscrita a un espacio geográfico particular, sino que posee un alcance general, la revolución que plantea el cura debe tener ese mismo alcance. En suma, las encendidas líneas en las que Meslier insta a los pueblos de la tierra a unirse contra la opresión de los poderosos quizás no hubieran sido posibles sin el auxilio que le brindaron sus conocimientos históricos.
Entre a democracia e a verdade: Laclau e o populismo
Authors: Batista Camila
Published: August 2021

Este ensaio pretende problematizar a teoria do populismo de Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014) diante dos frequentes tratamentos caricatos do termo que acabam por reduzi-lo a uma espécie de ameaça generalizada ao campo político. Laclau delimita o terreno democrático no qual uma construção não essencialista do político como populismo se inscreve utilizando, para tanto, ferramentas retóricas. Neste sentido, a relação entre populismo e democracia será abordada de duas maneiras: primeiramente, considerando as interpretações mais recentes de Nadia Urbinati (2019) e Pierre Rosanvallon (2020) e, em seguida, a partir do conceito de “parresía”, presente nos dois últimoscursos de Michel Foucault (1926-1984) no Collège de France. A retórica aparece como uma característicaconstitutiva da má parresía e, ao mesmo tempo, como a possibilidade oferecida por Laclau da significação do povo e do social como objetos coerentes. Neste contexto, buscaremos explicar como o populismo, situado entre a democracia e a verdade, pode ser considerado sinônimo de má parresía e quais os reflexos desta caracterização na teoria do populismo de Ernesto Laclau.
Virtud y voluptuosidad: la figura de Epicuro en el Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron, et sur les mœurs et les écrits de Sénèque de Diderot
Authors: Ratto Adrián
Published: August 2021

La defensa que Diderot realiza de la filosofía de Epicuro en uno de sus últimos escritos, el Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron, et sur les mœurs et les écrits de Sénèque, parece alejarlo del objetivo que se había propuesto en ese escrito, a saber, defender la imagen de Séneca. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar que, a pesar de lo que puede parecer en un primer momento, el problema no es más que aparente. A la luz de este asunto, el trabajo también examina otros dos temas que provocan tensiones en el texto y parecen debilitar su estructura. En un plano más general, el artículo arroja algunas luces acerca de la recepción de los trabajos de Epicuro y de Séneca en el siglo XVIII.
Atitudes, conhecimento e barreiras científicas entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade em Sergipe: estudo longitudinal
Authors: Figueiredo Wasley Pereira Santos , Nunes Tiago da Silva , Faro Lara do Livramento , Lima Rosiane Santana Andrade , Tanajura Diego Moura
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A participação em atividades extracurriculares como a pesquisa e extensão permitem o desenvolvimento de habilidades nos estudantes. Entretanto, a literatura relata a existência de barreiras para o desenvolvimento da prática científica na graduação. Estudos anteriores conseguiram avaliar a população alvo apenas em um único momento. Objetivos: Avaliar longitudinalmente os níveis de conhecimento, atitudes e barreiras científicas de estudantes de medicina. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo observacional longitudinal realizado com acadêmicos de medicina do Campus Prof. Antônio Garcia Filho da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Aplicou-se um questionário a 23 discentes em dois momentos diferentes, 2015 e 2017, possuindo 4 seções: Demográfica, Conhecimento Científico, Atitudes Favoráveis a Prática Científica e Barreiras para vivência Científica. Resultados: No período analisado, ocorreu crescimento de mais de 300% (p < 0,0001) na participação de estudantes em Ligas Acadêmicas, bem como no que diz respeito às suas atitudes científicas (aumento de 21,80%; p < 0,01). Ao avaliar os escores de conhecimento e barreiras científicas não foi observado diferença entre os dois períodos avaliados. Na análise das barreiras isoladamente, no entanto, constatou-se aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da dedicação nas atividades curriculares e falta de familiaridade com estatística, também houve aumento da porcentagem de alunos que não viam aplicação da pesquisa em sua futura profissão. Conclusão: Apesar da melhora das atitudes, houve aumento das barreiras científicas. Sendo assim, percebe-se a necessidade de reduzir as dificuldades encontradas pelos estudantes e estimular ainda mais a prática científica.
Impacto da técnica anestésica no comportamento evolutivo do câncer de mama: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Mussi Marcela Chagas Lima , Batista Arthur Giovane Campos , Lucena Clécio Ênio Murta de
Published: August 2021

Apesar de ser uma importante abordagem para o tratamento do câncer de mama, a cirurgia pode paradoxalmente favorecer a progressão tumoral, apesar da intenção curativa. Como as técnicas de anestesia local podem ser uma oportunidade terapêutica para reduzir a manutenção e dispersão neoplásica, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar seus efeitos no comportamento evolutivo do câncer de mama no contexto clínico. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura a partir da base de dados PubMed com os descritores MeSH “mastectomy”, “mastectomy, radical”, “anesthesia, local”, “recurrence”, “neoplasm recurrence, local”. Foram selecionados seis artigos, sendo a maioria retrospectivo e apenas um estudo controlado randomizado. Entre as diferenças discutidas na análise de variáveis, critérios de inclusão e resultados observados, cinco estudos não apresentaram efeito sobre o comportamento evolutivo do câncer de mama. Assim, apesar dos potenciais benefícios da anestesia local sobre o comportamento evolutivo do câncer de mama, essa revisão não encontrou evidência suficiente para apoiar essa intervenção para a prática clínica. Apesar disso, pode reduzir o consumo de opioide e prover uma opção viável para o manejo da dor, que pode melhorar a qualidade de vida das pacientes.
Causa incomum de abdome agudo na sala de emergência: lipoma intestinal - série de casos e revisão de literatura
Authors: Lira Nina Rosa Tenório , Gonçalves Matheus Dantas Gomes , Moreira Rodrigo Santiago , Lima Raquel Nogueira Nogueira C. L. , Lima Diego Laurentino , Góes Gustavo Henrique Belarmino , Nóbrega Júnior Balduíno Guedes
Published: August 2021

Os lipomas são lesões benignas formadas por células gordurosas adultas e circundadas por cápsula fibrosa. Esses tumores podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentar-se com uma variedade de sintomas, podendo evoluir como uma emergência cirúrgica ou serem erroneamente diagnosticados como doença maligna. Assim, descrevemos três casos de pacientes diagnosticados com lipomas gastrointestinais (um caso de intestino delgado, um caso de ceco, e o terceiro de sigmoide) após início de quadro clínico sugestivo de abdome agudo, os dois primeiros casos foram inicialmente abordados por via laparoscópica e posteriormente a ressecção e anastomose foram realizadas por vias extracorpóreas, através de uma incisão de Pfannenstiel. O terceiro caso teve abordagem laparotômica. O estudo foi observacional e retrospectivo com análise de prontuários médicos. Os lipomas do trato gastrointestinal são raros, porém devem ser lembrados como diagnóstico diferencial, principalmente nos pacientes que apresentam quadro de dor abdominal aguda, geralmente compatível com abdome aguda obstrutivo.
Polipose gástrica: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Coêlho Rafael Fernandes , Lima Diego Laurentino , Lima Raquel Nogueira Cordeiro Laurentino , Ribeiro João Paulo , Lima Gilberto , Martins Euclides
Published: August 2021

Pólipos gastrointestinais são elevações da mucosa circundante do sistema digestório, encontradas frequentemente em exames endoscópicos de rotina. A grande maioria é achado acidental e alguns pólipos podem indicar doença ou síndrome associada. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de polipose gástrica manifestada como Síndrome de Peütz-Jeghers em uma paciente de 25 anos, do sexo feminino, com história de dor abdominal em região epigástrica há 12 dias da admissão hospitalar, que evoluiu com vômitos e hematêmese 3 dias antes do internamento. A paciente realizou endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), que evidenciou múltiplas lesões polipoides, regulares e de superfície lisa. Tomografia computadorizada (TC) do abdômen visualizou volumosa lesão vegetante coraliforme, de 16,3 x 10,2 x 5,4cm. Optou-se por realizar uma gastrectomia total com reconstrução em Y-de-Roux. O tempo total da cirurgia foi de 150min e ocorreu sem complicações. Paciente evoluiu com boas condições clínicas, sem intercorrências e recebeu alta hospitalar no 9º dia de pós-operatório (DPO). Estudo histopatológico da peça cirúrgica (estômago) evidenciou múltiplos pólipos gástricos de padrão predominante hamartomatoso, com transformação adenomatosa focal, margens cirúrgicas livres, sugerindo síndrome de Peütz-Jeghers. Nossa paciente não demonstrou hiperpigmentação mucocutânea, corroborando o fato de que a hiperpigmentação não é condição “sine qua non” para a síndrome de Peütz-Jeghers.
The Battle of Tigranokerta, Lucullus, and Cataphracts
Authors: Olbrycht Marek Jan
Published: August 2021

Rome’s campaign in Armenia in 69-67 BC is an exceptionally important chapter in military history, one which provides insights into the political arrangements, alliances, and strategies from both sides of the conflict. This article focuses on the culmination of this war, i.e. the battle of Tigranokerta, the comparison of armies, and the role of cavalry, in particular the cataphracts. In scholarly studies, the accounts of Sallust, Plutarch and some other sources on the encounter at Tigranokerta have become the starting point for numerous conclusions, often misleading, regarding the then military operation and the part played by the units of cataphracts. The evaluation of the source data leads to a re-assessment of the picture of the war in Armenia.
Additional records and new species of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from Balabac and Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Freitag Hendrik , Hornyák Marta
Published: August 2021

Three new species of the genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 of the Philippine Island of Palawan are described in detail, namely H. angelitofelipepunoi sp. n., H. buschietanni sp. n., and H. perpusilla sp. n., along with faunistic records of further species of the genus from previously unexplored areas of Balabac and Palawan. The genital characters of the new species are illustrated by digital line drawings. Photographs of their habitus and type localities are provided. The habitat conditions of their collection sites are assessed and implications of the usefulness of Hydraena species as monitoring organisms for the conservation of vulnerable habitats are briefly discussed. An updated checklist of the Hydraena of Greater Palawan is provided which now comprises 15 described species, of which 13 are endemic to this intra-Philippine island complex.
Using partial knowledge to inform the creation of learning progressions
Authors: Burfitt Joan
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to show that some of the errors made by students when responding to mathematics assessment items can indicate progress in the development of conceptual understanding. By granting partial credit for specific incorrect responses by early secondary students, estimates of the difficulty of demonstrating full and partial knowledge of skills associated with the development of proportional reasoning were determined using Rasch analysis. The errors were confirmed as indicators of progress, and hence partial knowledge, when the thresholds of achievement followed a logical order: The greater the proficiency of the students, the more likely they were to receive a higher score. Consideration of this partial knowledge can enhance the descriptions of the likely behaviours of students at the various levels of learning progressions and this can be informative for teachers in their planning of learning activities.
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Cannabis, Opiates, Cocaine, Heroin, or other Illegal Drug Use and Student Academic and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Jeynes William H.
Published: August 2021

The meta-analysis, that included 75 studies, examined the relationship between illegal drug consumption, on the one hand, and student academic and behavioral outcomes, on the other, for the middle school to college grade levels. The meta-analysis first (research question #1) addressed whether there is a statistically significant relationship between illegal drug consumption and student academic and behavioral outcomes. A second question assessed whether there was a statistically significant relationship between the consumption of specific kinds of illegal drugs and student academic and behavioral outcomes (research question #2). The third analysis distinguished between the effects for educational- and behavioral-outcomes to see whether the consumption of illegal drugs was associated with one more than the other (research question #3). Fourth, there were analyses to determine whether the effects that emerged under the first two research questions differed by the age of the student (research question #4). The fifth analysis (research question #5) assessed whether the effects that emerged under the first two research questions differed by the race of the student. The results indicated widespread statistically significant effects for all the drugs under study. The extent of the effects were considerably greater for college students than they were for middle school students.
First reported case of a histiocytic sarcoma in an Armenian hamster (Cricetulus migratorius)
Authors: Cheleuitte-Nieves Christopher , Kitz Sarah V , Monette Sébastien
Published: August 2021

A 14-month-old male Armenian hamster ( Cricetulus migratorius) presented with a spontaneous, subcutaneous, firm mass (4.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 cm) on the ventral neck extending towards the cheek pouch causing multifocal small oral ulcerations. This animal was immunized subcutaneously on the dorsal neck for the development of monoclonal antibodies seven months before presentation. The animal was euthanized and necropsy was performed. Histopathology of the mass showed a well demarcated, multilobulated, unencapsulated, highly cellular, neoplastic mass composed of spindle cells arranged in interlacing streams and bundles, with a moderate amount of fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells exhibited indistinct cell borders and a moderate to large amount of eosinophilic, fibrillar cytoplasm, marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, binucleated and multinucleated cells, and high mitotic rate. Based on the histomorphologic features of the mass, and the presence of renal tubular hyaline globules and myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow, a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was made. The presumptive diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, upon which the neoplastic cells showed strong immunoreactivity for the histiocytic cell markers Iba1 and CD11b. Histiocytic sarcomas have been reported in Syrian ( Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian dwarf ( Phodopus sungorus) hamsters but, to our knowledge, the current report represents the first case of histiocytic sarcoma described in an Armenian hamster. It is plausible to consider the animal’s experimental immunization history and the development of the histiocytic sarcoma to be related. An association between adjuvanted vaccines and soft-tissue sarcomas has been described in cats and referred to as feline injection-site sarcomas.
Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy versus systemic therapy and radiation therapy in metastatic prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shemshaki Hamidreza , Al-Mamari Said Abdallah , Geelani Ishfaq Ahmed , Kumar Santosh
Published: August 2021

Cytoreductive prostatectomy had gained a lot of interest in treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) but this treatment approach is still in the experimental phase. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to shed light on the merits of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to systemic and radiation therapy in treatment of mPCa. In February 2021, summary data from 12 original research papers covering 100,973 patients is abstracted. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were all reviewed and 12 publications were chosen for inclusion. The evaluated outcomes were 1-, 3-, and 5-year Cancer-Specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy had significantly higher survival rate for 1-year (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.30–3.98; p < 0.001), 3-year (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.14–3.51; p < 0.001), and 5-year CSS rates (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.10–4.01; p < 0.001) than systemic therapy in mPCa. Higher significant rates of 1-year (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.65–3.36; p < 0.001), three-year (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.96–2.60; p < 0.001), and 5-year OS rates (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.10–3.08; p < 0.001) were also detected for cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to systemic therapy. There were no significant differences in 1-year (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.88–1.66; p = 0.25), 3-year (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.92–1.59; p = 0.18), and 5-year CSS rates (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.58–1.42; p = 0.67) between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation in mPCa patients. Also, no significant differences in 1-year (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.77–1.47; p = 0.71), 3-year (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.60–1.14; p = 0.25), and 5-year OS rates (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 0.76–4.45; p = 0.18) were detected between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy had significantly higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS rates compared to systemic therapy. Comparable CSS and OS rates were found between cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy.
A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Primary School Children’s Coding Practices and Computational Thinking Using ScratchJr
Authors: Kyza Eleni A. , Georgiou Yiannis , Agesilaou Andria , Souropetsis Markos
Published: August 2021

There are increasing calls to introduce computational thinking in schools; the arguments in favor call upon research suggesting that even kindergarten children can successfully engage in coding. This contribution presents a cross-sectional study examining the coding practices and computational thinking of fifty-one primary school children using the ScratchJr software; children were organized in two cohorts (Cohort 1: 6–9 years old; Cohort 2: 10–12 years old). Each cohort participated in a six-hour intervention, as part of a four-day summer club. During the intervention children were introduced to ScratchJr and were asked to collaboratively design a digital story about environmental waste management actions, thus adopting a disciplinary perspective to computational thinking. Data analyses examined children’s final artifacts, in terms of coding practices and the level of computational thinking demonstrated by each cohort. Furthermore, analysis of selected groups’ storyboard interviews was used to shed light on differences between the two cohorts. Results are presented and contrasted across the two age cohorts via a developmental perspective. The findings of this study can be useful in considering the instructional support that is necessary to scaffold the development of primary school children’s coding practices and computational thinking.