bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary homonymy in Bryozoa: the case of Reteporella jullieni (Cheilostomatida)
Authors: J. SOUTO
Published: March 2019

The name Reteporella jullieni is currently used to designate two different species of bryozoans from Atlantic deep waters, Reteporella jullieni (Calvet, 1907), described originally as Retepora arborea from the northwest of Spain, and Reteporella jullieni Calvet, 1931, described from the Azores. Successive changes in the genus assignation of the first species, until its current inclusion in the genus Reteporella, have caused the present situation. This represents a case of secondary homonymy as described in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Here, a new name (Reteporella azorensis nom. nov.) is proposed for Reteporella jullieni Calvet, 1931, following the principle of priority. Both species are re-described, and lectotypes and paralectotypes are selected.
Cerogobius petrophilus (Perciformes: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the Red Sea
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V. , TROYER EMILY M. , TORNABENE LUKE
Published: March 2019

A new genus and species of cryptobenthic goby, Cerogobius petrophilus is described from the Red Sea based on nine specimens not exceeding 2.5 cm in total length, collected from a stone-rubble habitat at Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, at depths of 8–15 m. It was also observed underwater at the southern tip of Ras Mohammed and Marsa Alam in Egypt. Cerogobius petrophilus sp. nov. is unique among other gobies in its habitat, and in this regard it superficially resembles some species of blennies, occupying tight holes in stones covered with short algae. Molecular phylogenetic data suggest a close relationship between Cerogobius petrophilus sp. nov. and Hetereleotris, but the former differs from the latter morphologically in head shape with specific proportions of orbit and snout, forward-set position of eyes, a moderately large mouth, a long horn-like tentacle at the nostrils in the middle of snout, caudal peduncle deep and short, and in details of cephalic sensory system. A full description of the new genus and species is provided and is accompanied with osteological data that potentially can be informative in further comparisons with Hetereleotris.
Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Northeast United States: 1979–2014
Authors: Howarth Macy E. , Thorncroft Christopher D. , Bosart Lance F.
Published: March 2019

Extreme precipitation can have significant adverse impacts on infrastructure and property, human health, and local economies. This paper examines recent changes in extreme precipitation in the northeast United States. Daily station data from 58 stations missing less than 5% of days for the years 1979–2014 from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network were used to analyze extreme precipitation, defined as the top 1% of days with precipitation. A statistically significant (95% confidence level) increasing trend of the threshold for the top 1% of extreme precipitation events was found (0.3 mm yr−1). This increasing trend was due to both an increase in the frequency of extreme events and the magnitude of extreme events. Rainfall events ≥ 150 mm (24-h accumulation) increased in frequency from 6 events between 1979 and 1996 to 25 events between 1997 and 2014, a 317% increase. The annual daily maximum precipitation, or the highest recorded precipitation amount in a given year, increased by an average of 1.6 mm yr−1, a total increase of 58.0 mm. Decreasing trends in extreme precipitation were observed east of Lake Erie during the warm season. Increasing trends in extreme precipitation were most robust during the fall months of September, October, and November, and particularly at locations further inland. The analysis showed that increases in events that were tropical in nature, or associated with tropical moisture, led to the observed increase in extreme precipitation during the fall months.
Origin and Attenuation of Mesoscale Structure in Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions to an Antarctic Shelf
Authors: McKee Darren C. , Martinson Douglas G. , Schofield Oscar
Published: March 2019

Cross-isobath transport of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) provides a major source of heat to the Antarctic continental shelves. Adaptive sampling with a Slocum glider revealed that the UCDW regularly intrudes onto the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf within mesoscale eddies, and a linear stability analysis of the shelf-break current upstream confirmed eddy length scales and vertical structure are consistent with the baroclinic instability of the current. The properties of the most unstable mode are insensitive to current orientation but sensitive to bottom slope in accordance with modified Eady theory. Once on the shelf, the eddies’ core properties mix with ambient shelf water to form modified CDW (mCDW). Concurrent shipboard CTD and ADCP data are used to diagnose the responsible mixing processes and highlight the importance of thermohaline intrusions. The genesis mechanism of the interleaving layers cannot be confirmed, however a simple analytic model suggests the upper limit contribution of advection by internal waves cannot account for the observed temperature variance unless the cross-eddy temperature gradient is large. Data-adaptive sampling of an eddy with the glider revealed it lost heat across two isopycnals and a fixed radius at a rate of 7 × 109 J s−1 over 3.9 days. This rate is corroborated by a diffusion model initialized with the eddy’s initial hydrographic properties and informed by the heat fluxes parameterized from the shipboard data. The results suggest eddies predominately lose heat laterally and downward, which preserves subsurface heat for melting of marine-terminating glaciers.
Mechanisms of Barrier Layer Formation and Erosion from In Situ Observations in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: George Jenson V. , Vinayachandran P. N. , Vijith V. , Thushara V. , Nayak Anoop A. , Pargaonkar Shrikant M. , Amol P. , Vijaykumar K. , Matthews Adrian J.
Published: March 2019

During the Bay of Bengal (BoB) Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE) in the southern BoB, time series of microstructure measurements were obtained at 8°N, 89°E from 4 to 14 July 2016. These observations captured events of barrier layer (BL) erosion and reformation. Initially, a three-layer structure was observed: a fresh surface mixed layer (ML) of thickness 10–20 m; a BL below of 30–40-m thickness with similar temperature but higher salinity; and a high salinity core layer, associated with the Summer Monsoon Current. Each of these three layers was in relative motion to the others, leading to regions of high shear at the interfaces. However, the destabilizing influence of the shear regions was not enough to overcome the haline stratification, and the three-layer structure was preserved. A salinity budget using in situ observations suggested that during the BL erosion, differential advection brought high salinity surface waters (34.5 psu) with weak stratification to the time series location and replaced the three-layer structure with a deep ML (~60 m). The resulting weakened stratification at the time series location then allowed atmospheric wind forcing to penetrate deeper. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity showed elevated values above 10−7 W kg−1 and 10−4 m2 s−1, respectively, in the upper 60 m. Later, the surface salinity decreased again (33.8 psu) through differential horizontal advection, stratification became stronger and elevated mixing rates were confined to the upper 20 m, and the BL reformed. A 1D model experiment suggested that in the study region, differential advection of temperature–salinity characteristics is essential for the maintenance of BL and to the extent to which mixing penetrates the water column.
Dementia with Lewy bodies: Challenges in the diagnosis and management
Authors: Chin Kai Sin , Teodorczuk Andrew , Watson Rosie
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Dementia with Lewy bodies is the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in older age yet is often under-recognised and misdiagnosed. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies, discussing the frequent challenges clinicians experience in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies, and outlines a practical approach to the clinical management, particularly in the Australian setting.

Methods:

This paper is a narrative review and a semi-structured database (PubMed and MEDLINE) search strategy was implemented. Articles were screened and clinically relevant studies were selected for inclusion.

Results:

Dementia with Lewy bodies is clinically characterised by complex visual hallucinations, spontaneous motor parkinsonism, prominent cognitive fluctuations and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neuropsychiatric features and autonomic dysfunction are also common. The new diagnostic criteria and specific diagnostic biomarkers help to improve detection rates and diagnostic accuracy, as well as guide appropriate management. Clinical management of dementia with Lewy bodies is challenging and requires an individualised multidisciplinary approach with specialist input.

Conclusion:

Dementia with Lewy bodies is a common form of dementia. It often presents as a diagnostic challenge to clinicians, particularly at early stages of disease, and in patients with mixed neuropathological changes, which occur in over 50% of people with dementia with Lewy bodies. Prompt diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategies are important in improving patients’ care.
Valeurs liées à la profession d’ergothérapeute : les répertorier pour les définir
Authors: Désormeaux-Moreau Marjorie , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: March 2019

Description.

Des imprécisions et des confusions conceptuelles caractérisent les écrits sur les valeurs liées à l’ergothérapie.

But.

Répertorier des valeurs liées à l’ergothérapie, proposer des énoncés qui les définissent et procéder à leur validation de contenu.

Méthodologie.

Une recension des écrits ( n = 52) et la consultation d’ergothérapeutes ( n = 26) ont permis de documenter et de définir une série de valeurs. Le répertoire issu de ces démarches a été soumis à un test de fonctionnalité auprès d’ergothérapeutes ( n = 5), puis présenté à des ergothérapeutes détenant une expertise en éthique ( n = 6) pour en évaluer la validité de contenu des définitions des valeurs.

Résultats.

Le répertoire proposé comprend 33 valeurs suivies de leur définition que les experts ont jugées claires et représentatives des réalités qu’elles désignent. Les résultats montrent que le répertoire est considéré comme exhaustif.

Conséquences.

Cette étude a permis de répertorier et de définir des valeurs qui constituent des idéaux susceptibles de guider la pratique ergothérapique et de soutenir les revendications ainsi que les compétences culturelles et éthiques des ergothérapeutes.
Rates and profile of victimization in a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness
Authors: El Missiry Ahmed , Meguid Marwa Abd El , Abourayah Ahmed , Missiry Marwa El , Hossam Mohamed , Elkholy Hussien , Khalil Afaf H
Published: March 2019

Background:

Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness.

Participants and Methods:

A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ).

Results:

In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization, 64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported.

Conclusion:

Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.
Periodontitis Is Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Takeuchi K. , Matsumoto K. , Furuta M. , Fukuyama S. , Takeshita T. , Ogata H. , Suma S. , Shibata Y. , Shimazaki Y. , Hata J. , Ninomiya T. , Nakanishi Y. , Inoue H. , Yamashita Y.
Published: March 2019

Although they are known to share pathophysiological processes, the relationship between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that periodontitis is associated with a greater risk of development of COPD, when smoking is taken into account. The analysis in a 5-y follow-up population-based cohort study was based on 900 community-dwelling Japanese adults (age: 68.8 ± 6.3 [mean ± SD], 46.0% male) without COPD aged 60 or older with at least 1 tooth. Participants were classified into 3 categories according to baseline periodontitis severity (no/mild, moderate, and severe). COPD was spirometrically determined by a fixed ratio of <0.7 for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and by FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal. Poisson regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) of developing COPD according to the severity of periodontitis. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was also calculated. During follow-up, 22 (2.4%) subjects developed COPD. Compared with no/mild periodontitis subjects, a significantly increased risk of COPD occurred among severe periodontitis subjects (RR = 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 10.67), but no significant differences were observed between the no/mild and moderate categories (RR = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.56 to 3.90). After adjustment for potential confounders, including smoking intensity, the relationship between severe periodontitis and risk of COPD remained significant (RR = 3.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 10.74). Likewise, there was a positive association of periodontitis severity with risk of COPD ( P for trend = 0.043). The PAF for COPD due to periodontitis was 22.6%. These data highlight the potential importance of periodontitis as a risk factor for COPD.
Public Opinion, Turnout and Social Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Congruence in European Liberal Democracies
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Dassonneville Ruth , Oser Jennifer
Published: March 2019

According to democratic theory, policy responsiveness is a key characteristic of democratic government: citizens’ preferences should affect policy outcomes. Empirically, however, the connection between public opinion and policy is not self-evident and is increasingly challenged. Using an originally constructed data set with information from 21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 1980 and 2014, our research design allows for a comprehensive investigation of the linkages between ideological positions of citizens, parliaments and cabinets on one hand, and redistributive policies in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries on the other hand. We find that the role of the cabinet is more important than that of parliament. Although citizens’ left–right positions do not have an effect (directly or indirectly) on the level of social expenditure, there is a connection between mass preferences and the ideological position of parliament and government in high-turnout contexts.
Investigation of well testing reservoirs with multiphase flow in a mature field
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Liu Ronghe , Yang Haiyuan , Zhang Li , Yang Yongfei
Published: March 2019

When oil fields reach the high water-cut stage or in late development, the multiphase flow of oil/gas or oil/water, even oil/gas/water will occur in a reservoir. The conventional well test approaches are no longer applicable to this situation. Many studies have been done on multiphase well testing, including traditional multiphase flow well testing and numerical well testing approaches. In focusing on traditional multiphase flow well testing approaches, this work builds a 3D model using Eclipse software to examine the pressure response on a well located in the center of an anticline reservoir with a closed system. The results show that the Perrine-Martin (P-M) approach is the simplest one and is suitable for all reservoir systems. While the pressure-squared approach is only suitable for low rate conditions in an oil–water system. Pseudo-pressures are complicated and can only be used in a gas–oil system.
A Heuristic Governance Framework for the Implementation of Child Primary Health Care Interventions in Different Contexts in the European Union
Authors: Schröder-Bäck Peter , Schloemer Tamara , Clemens Timo , Alexander Denise , Brand Helmut , Martakis Kyriakos , Rigby Michael , Wolfe Ingrid , Zdunek Kinga , Blair Mitch
Published: March 2019

To adopt and implement innovative good practices across the European Union requires developing policies for different political and constitutional contexts. Health policies are mostly decided by national political processes at different levels. To attain effective advice for policy making and good practice exchange, one has to take different models of governance for health into account. We aimed to explore which concepts of governance research are relevant for implementing child health policies in a European Union context. We argue that taking into account the insights of good intersectoral and multilevel governance in research and practice is essential and promising for future analyses. These governance concepts help to understand what actors and institutions are potentially of relevance for developing and implementing child-centric health care approaches not only within health care but also outside health care. The framework we developed has the potential to advise on and thus support effectively the spreading and implementation of good practices of child-centric health policy approaches across the European Union. With this heuristic framework, the variety of relevant stakeholders and institutions can better be mapped and taken into account in implementation processes. Also, the normative side—particularly stressing values that make governance “good governance”—is to be taken into account.
Logistics from the margins
Authors: Stenmanns Julian
Published: March 2019

Seaports at global margins rarely feature in contemporary discussions of the logistics industry. This paper brings together recent geographical writing on logistics with discussions of margins as paradoxical sites of inclusive exclusion. Building on fieldwork on the docks of Freetown, Sierra Leone – a port that experts in logistics problematize as a ‘contaminated’ place within the global shipping community – this contribution shows that seaports at global margins are in fact at the centre of key projects of global circulation. While logistics embodies universal aspirations to connectivity, it is profoundly dependent on the uneven terrains of global capitalism. To make this case, this contribution traces the interventions of a global terminal operator and the US Coast Guard to reposition a port at the margins and discusses their effects on logistical and political orders. In doing so, this paper offers a critical perspective on the power geometries of the global logistics industry. Logistics in this view is not only a political technology that creates seamless interconnectivity and transforms heterogeneous places with diverse socialities, political configurations and technological infrastructures into zones of global circulation. The implementation of logistics is also an intrinsically controversial, precarious and contested project.
Distal radius fractures and radiographic assessment: a systematic review of measurement accuracy
Authors: Jensen Janni , Rasmussen Benjamin SB , Duus Louise A , Torfing Trine , Precht Helle , Tromborg Hans , Graumann Ole
Published: March 2019

Background

Distal radius fracture characterization and treatment are mainly based on radiographic measurements but with contradictory findings on the correlation of those measurements to clinical outcome. Before applying radiographic measurement to the treatment decision and before correlating the measurements to clinical outcome, an accuracy of measurements must be established.

Purpose

To summarize existing evidence on accuracy of the radiographic measurements of: (i) dorsal/volar tilt of the distal radius; (ii) radial shortening; (iii) ulnar variance; (iv) radial inclination; and (v) articular step-off of the distal radius. We conducted a systematic critical review of the literature.

Material and Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Quality of included studies was assessed using a tailored version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results

A total of 5908 publications were screened and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies assessed accuracy of articular step-off but with contradictory outcomes. Radiographic measurements of step-off were accurate in two studies and inaccurate in one study. In the last step-off study, some of their measurements varied significantly but accuracy was not reported. The radiographic measurements of ulnar variance were significantly underestimated when compared to the true variance. We were not able to include studies that assessed accuracy of radial shortening, radial inclination, or dorsal/volar tilt against a reference standard.

Conclusion

Currently, evidence is not available to support accuracy of the radiographic measurements commonly used to characterize distal radius fractures.
Gradients Account for the Thresholds for Perceiving Motion and Depth in Observer-Produced Parallax Displays
Authors: Matsushita Soyogu , Ono Hiroshi
Published: March 2019

We examined whether the thresholds of motion and depth perception produced by motion parallax could be specified by the concept of a disparity gradient. We manipulated both the motion parallax amplitude and the angular separation of two dots and calculated the percentages of trials in which participants perceived motion or depth. The results showed that the amplitude of motion parallax for the threshold increased as the separation became larger with the gradients of 0.023, 0.072, and 0.430 for the lower depth, the lower motion, and the upper depth thresholds, respectively. These findings indicate that the gradient is a useful concept to specify the motion and depth thresholds together rather than parallax amplitude alone.
Experiences with Adaptive Signal Control in Germany
Authors: Brilon W. , Wietholt T.
Published: March 2019

Germany has a long tradition of traffic-actuated and -coordinated signal control. In recent years a specific approach to traffic actuation called a model-based system, or adaptive control, has found its way into practice. In the city of Muenster, Germany, the coordinated signal control system on the 6-km-long arterial Albersloher Weg, with 24 signalized intersections, has been completely renewed in a three-step process involving the old system, a rule-based traffic-actuation system, and an adaptive system. An empirical evaluation of this process by a university research team showed that conventional actuated signal control improved traffic performance in the first step. Additional significant improvement (as much as 30%) in traffic flow performance could be achieved by implementing Motion, an adaptive signal control system. However, further developments are required to meet the expectations of city engineers and road users. In particular, switching between optimized signal plans, which is an essential feature of the Motion system, must be improved.
Estimating Queue Length under Connected Vehicle Technology
Authors: Li Jing-Quan , Zhou Kun , Shladover Steven E. , Skabardonis Alexander
Published: March 2019

With the emergence of connected vehicle technology, the use of probe trajectory data to estimate queue length has recently received considerable attention. Unlike data collected by loop detectors, probe trajectory data can provide a lower bound on the queue length even if the market penetration rate is low. An event-based method is developed: it uses both probe trajectory and signal timing data to estimate queue length, and the estimation accuracy under different market penetration rates is examined. A data fusion method is developed: it combines probe trajectory data and loop detector data, and the situation in which the data fusion method is expected to work well is investigated. Case studies are conducted with microscopic simulation data, and some observations are made.
Transit Priority Strategies for Multiple Routes under Headway-Based Operations
Authors: Lin Yongjie , Yang Xianfeng , Chang Gang-Len , Zou Nan
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a transit signal priority (TSP) model designed to consider the benefits both to bus riders and to intersection passenger car users. The proposed strategy, which is mainly for headway-based bus operations, offers the responsible agency a reliable way to determine the optimal green extension or red truncation duration in response to multiple bus priority requests from different routes. The control objective is to minimize bus passenger waiting time at the downstream bus stop while ensuring that the delays for all passengers are not increased. In tests that used field data from Jinan, China, the proposed strategy showed promise in reducing bus passenger waiting time and total intersection delay. Further exploration with simulation experiments for sensitivity analysis found that TSP is most effective if the ratio between bus and passenger volumes exceeds a threshold of 2%.
Multiregime Adaptive Signal Control for Congested Urban Roadway Networks
Authors: Xin Wuping , Chang Jinil , Muthuswamy Satya , Talas Mohamad , Prassas Elena
Published: March 2019

A hierarchical adaptive signal control was developed and implemented in New York City to manage congestion in a complex urban roadway environment. Control strategies, including strategically regulating traffic demand and balancing the queue–storage ratio at critical intersections, work in concert to systematically alleviate congestion and improve mobility. The high usage of electronic toll collection tags in this area allows large amounts of per trip travel time data to be collected (nearly 1 million per trip travel time records daily) and used in real time for effective control. Congestion levels are mapped to different control regimes. Various demand-regulating strategies are applied at the peripheral roadways of the target control zone. These strategies proactively employ signal offsets and splits to exert a tapering and rebalancing effect on the traffic. Demand regulation results in a better use of available network storage spaces while preserving the capacity of the target control zone. Inside the target control area, a dynamic queue-balancing strategy is implemented at selected critical intersections to prevent propagation of spillovers with stabilized or diminished queues. The initial implementation covered 110 intersections in the highly congested central business district of midtown Manhattan New York City. Results to date are summarized.
Effects of Metered Entry Volume on an Oversaturated Network with Dynamic Signal Timing
Authors: Medina Juan C. , Hajbabaie Ali , Benekohal Rahim (Ray) F.
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes the effects of different traffic metering levels at the entry points of a simulated signalized network to maintain efficient vehicle processing. Metering signals were placed along the network perimeter in advance of the bordering intersections to reduce the vehicle arrival rate and prevent oversaturation. In the simulation environment, traffic signals were externally controlled by independent agents using a learning algorithm based on approximate dynamic programming. Agents operated the signals in a cycle-free mode, reacting in real time to current demands and occupancy estimated from detectors placed at the entry and exit points of all links. The metering strategies were analyzed for delay, throughput, network congestion, and queue management. Results indicate that metering have a significant effect on network performance. Metering to levels just below the maximum throughput capacity of an intersection resulted in increased network throughput (up to 5%); reduced delay (up to 10.9%), including vehicles inside and those metered outside of the network; and queue lengths inside the network that allowed efficient use of green time. However, metering to points well below or above the capacity of an intersection did not always provide network improvements. This finding suggests that an optimal congestion level exists inside the network that can be achieved by a metering strategy. An analysis of the metering effects is presented in a case study, and field implementations and scenarios in which metering can be applied are discussed.
Arterial Queue Spillback Detection and Signal Control Based on Connected Vehicle Technology
Authors: Christofa Eleni , Argote Juan , Skabardonis Alexander
Published: March 2019

Queue spillbacks are a major problem in urban signalized arterials because such spillbacks can lead to gridlock and excessive delays. Several methods based on fixed-location detector data have been proposed to identify the occurrence of queue spillbacks and implement signal control strategies to mitigate their impacts. This paper presents two queue spillback detection methods based on connected vehicle (CV) or probe data. The first method requires only the use of CV data and is based on the notion that nonequipped vehicles in queue that arrive after the last CV-equipped vehicle can be modeled by using a geometric distribution. The second spillback detection method combines CV data with information about the signal settings at the upstream intersection and is based on a kinematic wave theory of traffic. The authors also developed a signal control strategy to mitigate queue spillbacks once they were detected. The proposed queue spillback detection methods and alternative signal control strategy were tested through simulation on a four-signal segment of San Pablo Avenue in Berkeley, California. The results show the penetration rate thresholds of CV-equipped vehicles required for accurate queue detection. The proposed signal control strategy improved traffic operations for the upstream cross streets without compromising traffic operations on either direction of the arterial traffic and substantially reduced the variation of the queue length on the critical arterial link.
Effective Coordinated Optimization Model for Transit Priority Control under Arterial Progression
Authors: Ma Wanjing , Ni Wei , Head Larry , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2019

With the goal of providing effective priority control for transit while minimizing adverse impacts on general traffic movements along the arterial, this paper presents a coordinated transit priority control optimization model with the following features: (a) the control unit is defined as the coordinated intersection group between two successive bus stops; (b) buses are detected after leaving the upstream stop before their arrival at the first intersection of a control unit; (c) the dynamic interactions of priority strategies between adjacent intersections within a control unit are modeled by using a bus delay model and an ineffective priority time model; and (d) a linear program model is developed to generate the optimal priority strategies to reduce bus travel time when priority is necessary and to ensure that every priority treatment implemented at each intersection is effective. Extensive experimental analyses, including time–space diagram-based deterministic analysis and simulation-based analysis, were performed, and results were compared with conventional transit signal priority strategy and no-priority scenarios. The proposed model presents promising outcomes in the design of transit priority signal control in terms of decreasing bus delay, improving bus schedule adherence, and minimizing the negative impacts on general traffic under different traffic demand patterns.
Dynamic Programming Approach for Arterial Signal Optimization
Authors: Gartner Nathan H. , Deshpande Rahul M.
Published: March 2019

Link performance functions (LPFs) are essential components of macroscopic models for signal optimization, traffic assignment, or combined control-assignment models. Numerous studies have developed a variety of performance functions for signal optimization. Most of these studies attempted to use simplified LPFs that did not capture the important relationships and dependencies among the variables. Dependent LPFs are introduced; in these LPFs the performance on any link depends on the flow pattern not only on that link alone but also on the feeder links. Such functions represent with greater fidelity the performance characteristics of the link and can lead to better control and assignment. An optimization model explicitly considers flow interactions among successive links and applies it in a dynamic programming procedure to determine optimal signal settings. The procedure, which is an offshoot of the combination method for offset optimization, is illustrated for an arterial street and demonstrates its efficacy in comparison with existing optimization models.
Performance Diagnosis Tool for Arterial Traffic Signals
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Liu Henry X. , Misgen Steve , Yu Guizhen
Published: March 2019

Efficient operation of traffic signals is greatly beneficial to drivers. Because of the intensive labor required, most traffic signals in the United States are retimed once every 3 to 5 years or more, even though signal retiming has a very high benefit–cost ratio. Such a practice may miss opportunities for operational improvements and lead to unnecessary delays. One of the major obstacles to improving the practice is the lack of data collection capability and a convenient performance monitoring tool for signalized arterials. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a performance diagnosis tool for arterial traffic signal systems. The tool aims at identifying necessary parameter changes and assisting agencies in periodically fine-tuning signal timing parameters. A flexible and low-cost data collection unit is developed to equip traffic signal cabinets with event-based data collection capability. Three major parameters of traffic signals (offset, green split, and cycle length) are evaluated in the data center by diagnosis modules that use event-based traffic data. The development of the data collection unit and the diagnosis methodologies are described in detail. The implementation of the tool is illustrated by field data analysis at intersections on Trunk Highway 13 in Burnsville, Minnesota.
Beyond Opioids for Pain Management in Adult Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Wampole Chelsea R. , Smith Kathryn E.
Published: March 2019

Critically ill patients commonly experience pain, and the provision of analgesia is an essential component of intensive care unit (ICU) care. Opioids are the mainstay of pain management in the ICU but are limited by their adverse effects, risk of addiction and abuse, and recent drug shortages of injectable formulations. A multimodal analgesia approach, utilizing nonopioid analgesics as adjuncts to opioid therapy, is recommended since they may modulate the pain response and reduce opioid requirements by acting on multiple pain mediators. Nonopioid analgesics discussed in detail in this article are acetaminophen, α-2 receptor agonists, gabapentinoids, ketamine, lidocaine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This literature review describes the clinical pharmacology, supportive ICU and relevant non-ICU data, and practical considerations associated with the administration of nonopioid analgesics in critically ill adult patients.
Domains of Childhood Disadvantage and Functional Limitation Trajectories Among Midlife Men and Women in China
Authors: Peele Morgan E.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To examine the impacts of four childhood disadvantage domains—parental behavior, hunger, health, and socioeconomic status (SES)—on functional limitation trajectories among midlife adults in China. Method: Data (2011-2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( N = 8,646) were used to examine the associations between different domains of childhood disadvantage and functional limitation trajectories among adults aged 45 to 64. Results: Adverse parental behavior was not associated with baseline functional limitation but was associated with steeper trajectories for men. Health, hunger, and SES were associated with more functional limitations at baseline, and SES with steeper trajectories for men and women. Adulthood SES largely accounted for the associations between childhood SES and functional limitations for men. Discussion: It is important to examine multiple domains of childhood conditions because the type and magnitude of disadvantage may influence functional limitations in different ways among men and women in China.
Subsidiarity of Human Rights in Practice: The relationship between the Constitutional Court and Lower Courts in Czechia
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan
Published: March 2019

The principle of subsidiarity is viewed as the cornerstone of the protection of human rights. Internationally, it is primarily the responsibility of states to ensure that human rights are respected and protected on a domestic level and any international protection mechanism is only supplementary. At the domestic level, apex courts in a country also provide only subsidiary protection of human rights, which must first and foremost be protected by lower level courts. Subsidiarity has two facets: the obligation of lower courts to directly apply human rights and the corresponding deference of higher courts to that application. Little attention has been given so far to how domestic subsidiarity of human rights works in practice and how human rights are in fact applied by the primary level of court systems. This article uses Czechia as a case study to test the hypothesis that if lower courts apply human rights, then there is a lower chance that the Constitutional Court, as an apex court, will find a human rights violation in that particular case. By statistical analysis of hundreds of decisions of Czech courts this hypothesis is confirmed. The findings are indicative that subsidiarity actually works in practice.
Residual stress and fatigue behavior of riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches
Authors: Yu Haidong , Zheng Bin , Xu Xun , Lai Xinmin
Published: March 2019

The residual stress of multi-rivet structures is related with the riveting sequence, the rivet pattern, and the pitch due to the deformation interaction of different rivets. The stress amplitude of riveted structures subjected to the cyclic loads is affected by the residual stress, which increases the difficulty in the prediction of fatigue life. In this article, the riveting processes for single-row and triple-row riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches are studied numerically and experimentally. The residual stresses for both types of riveted structures are verified by the testing data. Significant difference appears in the residual stress field for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences and rivet patterns. The decrease in the rivet pitch increases the compressive residual stress at the edge of the rivet hole. Furthermore, the fatigue life prediction model is developed for multi-rivet structures, in which the coupling effect of residual stress and cyclic load is considered. The fatigue experiments are conducted for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches. The accuracies of the numerical results obtained from the Homan model and the developed model are compared with the experimental data. The proposed fatigue model shows better performance to predict fatigue life for multiple rivet structures.
Experimental–numerical assessment of ductile failure of Additive Manufacturing selective laser melting reticular structures made of Al A357
Authors: Concli Franco , Gilioli Andrea , Nalli Filippo
Published: March 2019

In the present paper, an investigation on the ductile behavior of trabecular additive structure is presented. To characterize the material and assess its ductile response, dedicated experimental tests were performed, namely, specimens with different geometries were designed to induce a wide range of triaxiality values into the material and were printed using the selective laser melting technology in Al A357. The material model is based on both classical incremental model of plastic response with isotropic hardening and phenomenological concept of damage. All the experimental tests on additively manufactured specimens were numerically reproduced in order to retrieve the actual stress state, quantify the plastic strain at failure, and calibrate a ductile damage model. Then, some samples of the trabecular structures, with two different trusses diameters, were also tested under compressive loads and the global behavior of the structure analyzed. All the tests were also simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to prove the effectiveness of the damage model. Finally, an exhaustive discussion on the comparison between experimental and numerical results was provided.
A generic low-pressure steam turbine test case for aeromechanics and condensation
Authors: Fuhrer Christopher , Grübel Marius , Vogt Damian M
Published: March 2019

At the Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machniery Laboratory (ITSM) a generic test case was designed to investigate aeromechanical phenomena and condensation in low-pressure steam turbines. This test case, referred to as Steam turbine Test case for Aeromechanics and Condensation (STAC) consists of the two last stages of a low-pressure steam turbine and is representative for a modern steam turbine design. STAC is intended to serve as a numerical test case to allow studying the fields of aerodynamic damping and spontaneous condensation in low-pressure steam turbine last stages. The geometry of the turbine is made available online at www.itsm.uni-stuttgart.de/research/test-cases/ .
Screening characteristics for enrichment of individuals at higher risk for transitioning to classified SLE
Authors: Young K A , Munroe M E , Guthridge J M , Kamen D L , Gilkensen G S , Harley J B , Weisman M H , Karp D R , Wallace D J , James J A , Norris J M
Published: March 2019

Objective

Further prospective study is needed to elucidate the etiology and natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus development. The clinical complexity of this heterogeneous disease makes study design challenging. Our objective was to ascertain useful screening factors for identifying at-risk individuals for follow-up rheumatologic assessment or inclusion in prospective studies.

Methods

We attempted to re-contact 3823 subjects with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus, who did not meet American College of Rheumatology systemic lupus erythematosus classification at a baseline study visit; 436 agreed to follow-up participation an average of 6.3 years after baseline. In total, 56 of these individuals had transitioned to classified systemic lupus erythematosus (≥ 4 cumulative American College of Rheumatology criteria, verified by medical record review) by the time of follow up. Generalized estimating equations assessed associations between our dichotomous outcome of transitioning to systemic lupus erythematosus with baseline characteristics, including ANA positivity, Connective Tissue Disease Screening questionnaire systemic lupus erythematosus score, and number of American College of Rheumatology criteria. We analyzed predictive accuracy of characteristics on transitioning.

Results

ANA positivity, Connective Tissue Disease Screening questionnaire systemic lupus erythematosus score categorization of possible or probable systemic lupus erythematosus, and greater number of American College of Rheumatology criteria at baseline were each associated with transitioning to systemic lupus erythematosus classification. Being ANA positive and having confirmed immunologic criteria at baseline had the highest positive predictive value and specificity for transitioning to systemic lupus erythematosus. American College of Rheumatology Connective Tissue Disease Screening questionnaire systemic lupus erythematosus score categorization of possible or probable systemic lupus erythematosus had a better positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity than ANA positivity.

Conclusion

Given limited resources, identifying individuals for follow up based on the systemic lupus erythematosus portion of the Connective Tissue Disease Screening questionnaire could be an efficient way to identify family members at highest risk of disease transition.
Hermann (Hugh) Blaschko (1900–1993): His fundamental contributions to biochemical pharmacology and clinical medicine
Authors: Rubin Ronald P
Published: March 2019

Hermann (Hugh) Blaschko was a biochemical pharmacologist best known for discovering how adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine were synthesized, stored, and metabolized in adrenomedullary cells and sympathetic nerves. Blaschko’s work not only supported the validity of the concept of neurochemical synaptic transmission but he also made fundamental contributions to the development of drugs used in clinical medicine to treat diseases such as depression, hypertension, and Parkinson's Disease.
Welfare meeting financial services: The Cashless Debit Card dichotomy
Authors: Nehme Marina
Published: March 2019

Australia has been developing and expanding its policies on compulsory income management. This has culminated in the introduction of the Cashless Debit Card. This card is intended to reduce access to discretionary cash that people may receive as part of their welfare payment. The limitation is designed to block people from accessing any services linked to alcohol and gambling. However, the introduction of this card means that welfare now falls under the Australian financial services arena. This article analyses the dichotomy that exists as a result of this intersection and focuses on highlighting inconsistencies between the two regimes.