bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable Sensory Processing in Mouse Visual Cortex through Cooperative Interactions between Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Interneurons
Authors: Rikhye Rajeev V. , Yildirim Murat , Hu Ming , Breton-Provencher Vincent , Sur Mriganka
Published: September 2021

Intrinsic neuronal variability significantly limits information encoding in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, under certain conditions, neurons can respond reliably with highly precise responses to the same visual stimuli from trial to trial. This suggests that there exists intrinsic neural circuit mechanisms that dynamically modulate the intertrial variability of visual cortical neurons. Here, we sought to elucidate the role of different inhibitory interneurons (INs) in reliable coding in mouse V1. To study the interactions between somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs), we used a dual-color calcium imaging technique that allowed us to simultaneously monitor these two neural ensembles while awake mice, of both sexes, passively viewed natural movies. SST neurons were more active during epochs of reliable pyramidal neuron firing, whereas PV neurons were more active during epochs of unreliable firing. SST neuron activity lagged that of PV neurons, consistent with a feedback inhibitory SST→PV circuit. To dissect the role of this circuit in pyramidal neuron activity, we used temporally limited optogenetic activation and inactivation of SST and PV interneurons during periods of reliable and unreliable pyramidal cell firing. Transient firing of SST neurons increased pyramidal neuron reliability by actively suppressing PV neurons, a proposal that was supported by a rate-based model of V1 neurons. These results identify a cooperative functional role for the SST→PV circuit in modulating the reliability of pyramidal neuron activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical neurons often respond to identical sensory stimuli with large variability. However, under certain conditions, the same neurons can also respond highly reliably. The circuit mechanisms that contribute to this modulation remain unknown. Here, we used novel dual-wavelength calcium imaging and temporally selective optical perturbation to identify an inhibitory neural circuit in visual cortex that can modulate the reliability of pyramidal neurons to naturalistic visual stimuli. Our results, supported by computational models, suggest that somatostatin interneurons increase pyramidal neuron reliability by suppressing parvalbumin interneurons via the inhibitory SST→PV circuit. These findings reveal a novel role of the SST→PV circuit in modulating the fidelity of neural coding critical for visual perception.
Acquired Alterity: Migration, Identity, and Literary Nationalism
Authors: Mack Edward
Published: September 2021

This is the first book-length study in English of the Japanese-language literary activities of early Japanese migrants to Brazil. It provides a detailed history of Japanese-language bookstores, serialized newspaper fiction, original creative works, and critical apparatuses that existed in Brazil prior to World War II. This case study of the reading and writing of one diasporic population challenges the dominant mode of literary study, in which texts are often explicitly or implicitly understood through a framework of ethno-nationalism. Self-representations by writers in the diaspora reveal flaws in this prevailing framework through what Edward Mack calls “acquired alterity,” in which expectations about the stability of ethnic identity are subverted in surprising ways. Acquired Alterity encourages a reconsideration of the ramifications (and motivations) of cultural analyses of texts and the constructions of peoplehood that are often the true objects of literary knowledge production.
Striatal DAT availability does not change after supraphysiological glucose loading dose in humans
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Seo Seongho , Lee Myung Jun , Kim Keunyoung , Suh Sunghwan , Im Hyung-Jun , Kim In Joo
Published: September 2021

Brain dopamine neurotransmission is regulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), which drives reuptake of extracellular dopamine into the presynaptic neurons. We hypothesized that the glucose loading dose would affect the striatal DAT availability. An i.v. bolus injection of 18F-FP-CIT was administered after infusion of low-dose glucose (300 mg/kg), high-dose glucose (600 mg/kg) or placebo (normal saline). The emission data were acquired over 90 min in 23 healthy male subjects. Substantial increases of binding potential (BPNDs) from ventral striatum (VST), caudate nucleus, and putamen were observed after low-dose glucose loading (+26.0, +87.0, and +37.8%) and after high-dose glucose loading (+10.4, +51.9, and +22.0%). BPNDs of the caudate nucleus and putamen showed significant differences (P = 0.0472 and 0.0221) after placebo, low-dose glucose, and high-dose glucose loading. BPNDs in the caudate nucleus and putamen after placebo, low-dose glucose, and high-dose glucose loading were positively intercorrelated with each other. In conclusion, striatal DAT changes after physiological glucose loading, but not after supraphysiological glucose loading in humans. DAT availabilities after placebo, low-dose glucose, high-dose glucose loading were correlated to each other in the caudate nucleus and putamen, but not in the VST. Therefore, sub-regional variability in DAT regulatory mechanisms mediated by insulin may exist in humans.
SUDARYTOJO ŽODIS
Authors: Silius Vytis
Published: September 2021

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Analysis of the results of a computational experiment to restore the discontinuous functions of two variables using projections
Authors: Lytvyn Oleg , Lytvyn Oleg , Lytvyn Oleksandra
Published: September 2021

This article presents the main statements of the method of approximation of discontinuous functions of two variables, describing an image of the surface of a 2D body or an image of the internal structure of a 3D body in a certain plane, using projections that come from a computer tomograph. The method is based on the use of discontinuous splines of two variables and finite Fourier sums, in which the Fourier coefficients are found using projection data. The method is based on the following idea: an approximated discontinuous function is replaced by the sum of two functions – a discontinuous spline and a continuous or differentiable function. A method is proposed for constructing a spline function, which has on the indicated lines the same discontinuities of the first kind as the approximated discontinuous function, and a method for finding the Fourier coefficients of the indicated continuous or differentiable function. That is, the difference between the function being approximated and the specified discontinuous spline is a function that can be approximated by finite Fourier sums without the Gibbs phenomenon. In the numerical experiment, it was assumed that the approximated function has discontinuities of the first kind on a given system of circles and ellipses nested into each other. The analysis of the calculation results showed their correspondence to the theoretical statements of the work. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain a given approximation accuracy with a smaller number of projections, that is, with less irradiation.
Hadoop solution for large data protection
Authors: Maslova Nataliya , Polovynka Olha
Published: September 2021

Investigated one of large data problems of - providing protection in the process of accumulation and processing. The case of application of Hadoop technology and its latest modification Apache Hadoop 3.3.0 is considered. A solution is proposed with strengthening the protection of processed data, connecting the Apache Knox Gateway, Apache Ranger and Apache Atlas tools. The possibil-ity of using data obtained as a result of the work of local databases, electronic archives, database management systems and individual users is provided. The solution also features the use of a pri-vate cloud and cryptographic algorithms. An example of the implementation of a secure solution to the problem of Intelligent Data Analysis is given on the example of a parallel version of the problem of finding association rules when working with unstructured data of large volumes.
Numerical simulation of perovskite solar cell with different material as electron transport layer using SCAPS-1D Software
Authors:   VPMP Polytechnic, LDRP campus, Gandhinagar, Bhavsar K. , Lapsiwala P.B. ,   Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Surat Gujarat, India
Published: September 2021

Perovskite solar cells have become a hot topic in the solar energy device area due to high efficiency and low cost photovoltaic technology. However, their function is limited by expensive hole transport material (HTM) and high temperature process electron transport material (ETM) layer is common device structure. Numerical simulation is a crucial technique in deeply understanding the operational mechanisms of solar cells and structure optimization for different devices. In this paper, device modelling for different perovskite solar cell has been performed for different ETM layer, namely: TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), CdZnS, C60, IGZO (indium gallium zinc oxide), WS2 and CdS and effect of band gap upon the power conversion efficiency of device as well as effect of absorber thickness have been examined. The SCAPS 1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) has been a tool used for numerical simulation of these devices.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2021–2022
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Published: September 2021

This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of the influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2021–2022 season. Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses during circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is expected to continue during this influenza season. In this technical report, we summarize recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination coverage, and detailed guidance on storage, administration, and implementation. We also provide background on inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine recommendations, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis.
La red de familia capitulares de Buenos Aires (1700-1820). Dinámica y ciclos de preeminencia
Authors: Del Valle Laura C. , Larrosa Juan M.C.
Published: September 2021

En cualquier grupo de poder el prestigio de las familias que lo componen fluctúa en el tiempo. Al analizar estas fluctuaciones, comprendemos mejor la evolución y el ciclo de vida interno del poder de estos grupos. En este artículo estudiamos la dinámica de las familias nucleares del Cabildo de Buenos Aires desde 1700 hasta 1820. Aplicamos un enfoque de análisis de redes sociales que nos permite observar cómo las familias nucleares surgen a través de matrimonios y se expanden a través de la línea consanguínea por reproducción, así como por lazos rituales a través de instituciones de padrinos y asociaciones comerciales y políticas. Encontramos, en este sentido, un ordenamiento jerárquico de familias con base a diferentes criterios de importancia individual dentro de la red que se sustentan en última instancia en el apoyo económico de acuerdo a las respectivas actividades, en atributos sociales como la limpieza de sangre y la distinción o linaje así como en el desempeño de cargos políticamente relevantes en el ayuntamiento. Ilustramos nuestros análisis con visualizaciones y estimaciones de la importancia relativa de cada familia y de cómo esta importancia cambió durante el periodo analizado.
Flexible iron oxide supercapacitor electrodes by photonic processing
Authors: Gaire Madhu , Khatoon Najma , Subedi Binod , Chrisey Douglas
Published: September 2021

We report the preparation of flexible and nano-porous iron oxide-reduced graphitic oxide (Fe2O3–rGO) electrodes using a novel photonic processing method. Due to this unique technique, high-temperature thermal processing could be accomplished on inexpensive and low-temperature substrates instantaneously as opposed to longer processing times of conventional thermal processing. The nano-porous morphology of the electrode not only accommodates the volume changes of the electrode but also facilitates the transport of the electrolyte ions into the electrodes. The as-prepared electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance with an initial specific capacitance of 179 F/g at 2 A/g. Moreover, it exhibited excellent specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles (70%), revealing its superior cyclic stability. Along with having specific capacitance comparable to that of rigid electrodes, the as-prepared electrode is bendable and lightweight, signifying its potential application in foldable and wearable consumer electronic devices which require continuous energy supply while going through physical deformation.

Graphic abstract
Hellenismos
Authors: Torjussen Stian Sundell
Published: September 2021

The article explores worship of ancient Greek gods among three contemporary Pagan groups in North America. The main focus is on how the groups use texts, both ancient and modern, in their theology and rituals. The groups’ approaches are explored through interviews, analyses of websites, and the texts referred to. How do the groups approaches differ from each other and what can we learn from their different reconstruction strategies?
Full-scale testing of adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite beams
Authors: Frohnmüller Jens , Fischer Jens , Seim Werner
Published: September 2021

This paper presents new findings on adhesively bonded timber-concrete composites with prefabricated concrete parts. Hereby, timber and concrete are bonded solely with adhesive and no metallic connectors have been used. Because the achievement of a continuous bond proved to be a critical point in past studies, special attention is given to that issue. The application procedure of the adhesives is investigated in small-scale bond samples and the manufacturing process in full-scale composite beams with a span of 8 m and a comparatively new polymer mortar is used as adhesive as well as a common epoxy resin. Both adhesives proved to be suitable, although polymer mortars showed strong advantages in terms of applicability and bridging of gaps in comparison to the less viscous epoxy adhesive. The full-scale beams are tested under quasi-static and cyclic loading. The failure occurred more as a bending failure of the timber or compression failure of the concrete. A full bond could be achieved at all full-scale beams. Moreover, an analytical and a finite element model for the calculation of composite beams are presented and validated. It could be seen, that both deformation behavior and failure load are in good accordance with the test results.
Durability and strength variation due to corrosion in RC beams using brick and stone chips
Authors: Thapa Sheetal , Sharma Richi Prasad
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted to find the effect of using brick as a coarse aggregate in reinforced concrete (RC) beams and to obtain optimum replacement ratios without significantly reducing the durability (i.e. corrosion probability in reinforcement and chloride ion resistivity in reinforcement cover) and flexural strength of the specimen subjected to a marine environment. Specimens were exposed to alternate wetting and drying cycles in an artificially prepared corrosive environment (chloride ions with a concentration of 50 parts per 1000). A regression model for finding the overall mass loss in the reinforcement after the effect of corrosion is presented. A regression model to obtain the different fundamental properties of the concrete through replacing stone by brick aggregate is also presented. This regression model was validated using the k-fold validation approach.
The syntax and semantics of Japanese internally- and doubly-headed relatives
Authors: Tancredi Christopher , Hoshi Koji , Grosu Alexander
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes novel syntactic and semantic analyses of Japanese IHRCs and of a variety of DHRCs labelled ‘integrated.’ The analyses differ non-trivially from all earlier analyses known to us, both in orientation and in technical implementation, and their principal raison d’être is to capture, with minimal appeal to stipulation, the ways in which these two constructions differ from each other, from other relative constructions of Japanese, and from discourses with anaphoric dependencies. Our analysis of IHRCs builds on that of Landman (2016), and our analysis of integrated DHRCs is critically compared and contrasted with that of Erlewine & Gould (2016), who aimed at a maximal analytical unification of Japanese EHRCs, IHRCs and DHRCs, failing to note some of their distinguishing properties and sometimes relying on incorrect empirical assumptions.
Low-temperature antiferromagnetism of Ising model with competing interactions
Authors:   Perm State University, Tsiberkin Kirill
Published: September 2021

The paper presents a numerical analysis of equilibrium state and spin configuration of square lattice Ising model with competing interaction. The most detailed description is given for case of ferromagnetic interaction of the first-order neighbours and antiferromagnetic coupling of the second-order neighbours. The numerical method is based on Metropolis algorithm. It uses 128×128 lattice with periodic boundary conditions. At first, the simulation results show that the system is in saturation state at low temperatures, and it turns into paramagnetic state at the Curie point. The competing second-order interaction makes possible the domain structure realization. This state is metastable, because its energy is higher than saturation energy. The domains are small at low temperature, and their size increases when temperature is growing until the single domain occupies the whole simulation area. In addition, the antiferromagnetic coupling of the second-order neighbours reduces the Curie temperature of the system. If it is large enough, the lattice has no saturation state. It turns directly from the domain state into paramagnetic phase. There are no extra phases when the system is antiferromagnetic in main order, and only the Neel temperature shift realizes here.
THE CONCEPT ‘DEMON’ IN THE WORKS BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY
Authors:   Perm State University, Syromyatnikov Oleg I.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the concept ‘demon’ in the works by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It is found in various grammatical forms in the writer's works published in magazines in 1861 and 1877, in the story The Mistress, as well as in the novels The Idiot and Demons. In Dostoevsky's letters, this concept is not given a single mention. The paper reveals a number of specific features in the use of the concept by the writer. First, locality and compactness – the concept is always used within the same topic (in works published in magazines) or scene (in fiction). Second, the concept does not have any romantic connotation traditional for European and Russian literature; the writer always uses it in its main meaning fixed by the Church Slavonic language, where a demon is understood as an immaterial intelligent creature that is hostile to man. We consider these features to be related to the writer’s Orthodox worldview, which determined his ontology, epistemology and speech tactics. According to the Orthodox tradition, the use of the names of evil spirits should be extremely limited, therefore Dostoevsky used this concept only when it was impossible to express the idea otherwise without loss of meaning.In the writer's works published in magazines in 1861, the concept ‘demon’ is represented through the lexemes ‘Mephistopheles’ and ‘mephistophelity’, which serve to denote the apostasy processes of the Russian reality contemporary with the writer. In the novel Demons, this concept is represented through the lexeme ‘imp’, used to denote the spirit of the lower hierarchy in relation to a demon.The paper concludes that the concept ‘demon’ and the subordinate lexemes are used by Dostoevsky to depict the spiritual state of a character or to identify the spiritual causes of a particular social phenomenon.
THE WORD ‘SAMYJ’ AS AN OPTIONAL COMPONENT OF RUSSIAN SET EXPRESSIONS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Sun Xiaoli
Published: September 2021

The article examines the functioning of the word samyj as an optional component of Russian set expressions. Comparison of different dictionaries sometimes reveals differences in descriptions of both individual words and set expressions. For example, a situation is possible when the optional component of a set expression present in one dictionary is absent in another one. Compare: popadat’/popast’ v (samuju) zhilku in the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language → popadat’/popast’ v zhilku in the Small Academic Dictionary. It is not infrequent that definitions given to a set expression in dictionaries do not agree with its actual use in oral speech. A set expression can be used in colloquial speech both in its full and incomplete versions, i. e. in some cases, some component is omitted, while in others it is preserved. Many set expressions with the word samyj contained in dictionaries are not used at all or rarely used in everyday speech, or have forms that differ from those provided in dictionaries. In this study, we examined the optionality of the component samyj in set expressions in the modern Russian language and speech, with the Small Academic Dictionary and the Corpus of Spoken Russian being the tools for such examination. The Corpus of Spoken Russian, which is part of the Russian National Corpus, includes transcripts of public and private oral speech, as well as movie transcripts (‘imitation of oral speech’), but the focus of this study is on everyday oral speech. For collecting and interpreting the data, we used qualitative and quantitative analysis of the material independently and simultaneously. The cognitive approach to the study of the linguistic unit samyj as an optional component of set expressions can contribute to the creation of a lexicographic portrait of the word samyj in the Russian language/speech.
State and dynamics of protest activity in modern Russian society
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Yudina Tatyana N. , Mazaev Yuriy N. ,   Russian State Social University, Bormotova Tatyana M. ,   Russian State Social University, Zhukov Pavel S. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

Protest actions of the population are the most important factor in the transformation of the society’s political systems. The authors consider protest moods monitoring to be an indicator of the government legitimacy and an integral part of public opinion. At the same time, indicators of citizens’ protest activity often become hostages of political technologies and public consciousness manipulation. The paper attempts to give an analytical description of dynamic potential and actual indicators of street protest activity in modern Russian society, which is done based on the materials of monitoring surveys conducted by leading sociological agencies, as well as information from the media and non-government organizations. It is shown that street protest activity as such can indicate deep social contradictions in Russian society. The main reason for mass protests of the population is essential problems that affect specific vital interests of ordinary people. In addition, the border between socioeconomic and political requirements is becoming increasingly blurred. At the same time, it is revealed that manifestations of street protest activity in modern society are situational. The social resource of rallies and demonstrations among the population is relatively limited. Survey data indicate that the majority of Russian citizens do not support participation in mass protests against decreasing living standards, in defense of their rights. In case of such protests they will most likely not take part in them, and, in general, they hold an opinion that mass street protest movement is unlikely to develop. According to the authors, the possible scenario for the protest situation development in society will depend on what problem factors determining the «peak» social tension and protest potential will coincide, as well as on the intensity of those factors.
Marx’s theoretical heritage and modernity. Part 2. Theory and practice of Marxism
Authors:   Perm State University, Musayelyan Lyeva A.
Published: September 2021

The article is a continuation of previous one, published in the preceding issue of this journal. It shows that any philosophical theory and a concept of the social ideal developed on its basis are somehow conditioned by the problems of the existing social reality. According to political leaders, the various models of socialism that existed in the last century represented the practical implementation of Marx’s teachings. Certainly, the Soviet Union appeared as a result of revolutionary activities of Lenin and his associates, who were devoted supporters of Marxism. Why did the socialist project fail in Russia? The article analyzes the problem of correlation between the social ideal developed by the founders of Marxism and the social reality that arose as a result of its implementation. The difference between utopia and a scientifically based social ideal is revealed, the difficulties of implementing any social ideal (theory) are considered. Socialism built in the Soviet Union causes many questions concerning the nature of this society; however, in the process of its construction Lenin and his associates relied on the ideas of the founders of Marxism. The paper studies the reasons for the differences between real socialism and Marx’s social ideal and identifies the factors that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to the author’s position, among those factors, of great importance was the superficial understanding of both the dialectics of interformational transition and criteria for distinguishing various types of society.
History and time: the problem of the new beginning in Walter Benjamin’s philosophy
Authors:   Free University of Berlin, Savina Mariya A. ,   Humboldt University of Berlin
Published: September 2021

In his early and especially late works, Walter Benjamin develops his own concepts of history and subject. The latter partly relates to psychoanalytical concepts of subject but differs from those in experimentally and scientifically oriented psychological approaches. Denouncing historicism, which constitutes the basis of the cultural-historical approach in psychology (among others), Benjamin questions both the cyclic and the linear, or progressive, concept of time from the standpoint of the moment of «here and now». In his own words, he conceptualizes time as history that takes place in «now-time of recognizability» (Jetztzeit der Erkennbarkeit). Only that kind of time, according to Benjamin, lets the history take place and begin, differing it from the empty, homogenous flow of mythical time. Benjamin does not solely develop his critique of the myth’s subject. He also critically defines the now-time as history, describing the phenomenological reality of the crisis of subjectivity and the subject of history as such. The paper focuses on the latter and analyzes it with the help of Benjamin’s figures of the storyteller, the critic and the historian, used to describe his own critical work. The paper sheds light on the linguistic nature of the crisis of subjectivity and, in this context, on Benjamin’s ideas of history, freedom and transformation of the subject, as well as on the possibility of something essentially new. In the course of analysis, the author of the article points out some psychological and psychotherapeutic consequences of W. Benjamin’s ideas which can induce psychology to take a critical look at its own understanding of history, subject and development, both from the theoretical and the empirical perspective.
Formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality in relation to the manifestations of the value-semantic sphere of personality*
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Kalugin Alexey Yu. , Vikhman Aleksandr A. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the relationship between the formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality and the properties of the value-semantic sphere of personality. It is suggested that in case of detecting such an interrelationship, it may be the evidence in favor of the subject’s desire to harmonize their own individuality and to make the interaction of its multilevel characteristics consistent. A research sample consisted of 463 people, including 219 girls and 244 young men aged 15 to 24 (M = 18.9; SD = 2.0). Based on a wide range of methods aimed at studying temperament traits, values and meanings, the authors identified generalized formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality. They are emotional stability – emotional instability, extraversion – introversion, psychoticism – superego strength, formal-dynamic features of intelligence, psychomotor endurance. Likewise, generalized indicators of the value-semantic sphere of personality, i.e. value-based orientations and life-purpose orientations, were detected. For this purpose, the following statistical methods were used: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). A close interdependence between the indicators of temperament and the value-semantic sphere of personality was found. To study the level of stability of the detected structure, a gender invariance test was carried out, which showed high consistency of the structure in male and female samples. The main hypothesis of the study was confirmed.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS OF VOTING FOR «UNITED RUSSIA»: THE ROLE OF REGIONAL HEADS
Authors:   Ural federal university named after the first president of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Muhametov Ruslan
Published: September 2021

According to the results of the 2016 Duma elections, “United Russia” received 54.2% of the vote under the proportional system. In the regional context, the spread of votes was between 35.19% (in the Altai Territory) and 96.29% (in the Chechen Republic). What causes regional disparities in the vote for the United Russia party? This article aims to find an answer to the above question. In this study, the concept of a regional political machine and the thesis about the ability of regional heads to ensure higher electoral results of the "party in power" are tested. Statistical calculations were performed using binary logistic regression. The regression analysis carried out by the author showed that none of the hypotheses was fully confirmed. Of the six regression models, only three were significant. Each new head of the region in the corps of heads of regional branches of the party added 13% to "United Russia" in the Duma elections in 2011 and 2007. In 2016, an increase in the number of governors in the first places of the regional groups of the federal list of candidates of the "party of power" by 1 unit would lead to an increase in the electoral result by 18%.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CONFLICTS: BASIC APPROACHES AND RESEARCH PROBLEMS
Authors:   Kuban State University, Kolba Aleksey , Chadayeva Zalina ,   Kuban State University
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of a research of ideas about the political institutionalization that have developed within the framework of the conflict theory and the neo-institutional theory. This article aims to determine the correlation between theoretical approaches in the study of the problems of political institutionalization of conflicts, in particular, in the interaction of institutions of various types. The research method is a comparative analysis of the main provisions of these two approaches. It was revealed that the problem of conflict regulation is most often solved in a normative way. The main methodological differences are associated with the choice of the research objects. In the theory of conflict, researchers focus on the possibilities giving the conflict a regulated and constructive character. The nature of the regulatory impact is not critical. From the neoinstitutionalists' point of view, the nature of political institutions and the possibility of combining different types of institutionalization are of decisive importance. Conflicts are considered along with other processes that need to be regulated. The possibility of overcoming them within the framework of political institutions is included. Simultaneously, a conflict can be stimulated by a clash of norms, and the process of institutionalization itself has a potential for conflict.
Preparing for the Trend of Aging in Place: Identifying Interprofessional Competencies for Integrated Care Professionals
Authors: Choi Eun Jeong , Park Myonghwa
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify interprofessional competencies for the integrated community care of older people.Methods: This study used a methodological approach, and the specific process aimed to identify the components of interprofessional competencies for integrated community care using a scoping review and validating the identified competencies with the Delphi method. The scoping review first identified relevant studies through the following electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We then selected studies that met the inclusion criteria and analyzed their results to identify a draft version of the competencies. Expert panels validated the list of competencies through two rounds of the Delphi survey.Results: The two rounds of the Delphi survey revealed consensus. Finally, we developed an interprofessional competency for integrated community care comprising 19 interprofessional core competencies, 20 integrated core care competencies for community care administrators, 13 integrated core care competencies for care coordinators, 13 integrated core care competencies for local service providers, and 12 integrated core care competencies for community health leaders.Conclusion: This study can help inform job descriptions, evaluate the relevant professionals’ performance, and develop a competency-based curriculum for better practice.
Nurses’ Experiences on End-of-Life Care for Older Patients in Long-Term Care Hospitals: Focusing on the Process of Practice and Barriers
Authors: Kim Iktae , Song Jun-Ah
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the practical process and barriers of end-of-life nursing practice for older patients in long-term care hospitals by exploring nursing experts’ actual experiences.Methods: Qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews with 9 nurses in 3 different long-term care hospitals from April to May, 2019. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the content analysis method.Results: Five themes and 14 sub-themes emerged for nurses’ perception regarding end-of-life nursing practice in long-term care hospitals, whereas three themes and 10 sub-themes emerged for the barriers of end-of-life nursing practices. The results show that the end-of-life nursing practice is currently considered an additional area beyond nurses’ existing work in long-term care hospitals and the area of performance is focused almost exclusively on physical care. The care is especially lacking in psychological and spiritual areas. Moreover, aspects of practice vary by institutions, day or night shifts and individuals. Various factors that hinder nurses’ performances of end-of-life care are identified in the areas such as ignoring patients’ dignity, an underdeveloped system and lack of supportive environment.Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest the need to establish standardized protocols for end-of-life nursing care in long-term care hospitals and develop educational programs based on those protocols.
Inclination State on the Philippine Culture and Arts Using the Appraisal Theory: Factors of Progress and Deterioration
Authors: BRAVO Carrie Danae , DİMALANTA Feliz Danielle , JUSAY Kate Ashley , VİTUG Martina Ysabel , TABUENA Almighty
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to examine the inclination state among selected Filipinos using the Appraisal Theory in evaluating the appreciation level as an advocacy perspective towards the Philippine culture and arts. This study employed a transformative mixed method research design, both quantitative and qualitative views were considered through a survey questionnaire, an interview, and an assessment process conducted at Espiritu Santo Parochial School of Manila, Inc. and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Philippines. They were selected through convenience-quota and purposive sampling based on the subjects’ basic knowledge and appreciation of Philippine culture and heritage. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution and content analysis. Hake factor analysis was also used to measure the appraisal level in terms of art awareness and appreciation. The results revealed that the respondents grasped a high appraisal of the Philippine culture and arts. This implied progress factors in terms of art as a form of communication, museums as the priority tool for preservation and promotion, and the country’s identity and cultural history as to reframe art appreciation. On the contrary, they adapted more to the culture and arts of other countries than to cultural roots due to factors that cause it to deteriorate such as foreign cultures and modern technologies adaptation, lack of knowledge and participation, and the primordialism of ethnocentrism. The researchers assessed that the theory exposed understanding emotions as it is evident that the respondents can reframe others with their beliefs and values towards Philippine culture and arts.
Plasma exosome-derived fragile-site associated tumor suppressor is a powerful predictor of prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Ju Renjing , Chen Xiaochun , Zhang Shiliang , Liu Bin , Pei Hao , Tu Fan , Liu Jun , Yu Hao
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate the levels of plasma exosome-derived fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS) and evaluate its predictive ability in ovarian cancer (OC) patients.
Patients and Methods: Exosome-rich fractions were isolated from the plasma of enrolled 90 patients with OC. The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were detected with ELISA.
Results: The levels of exosome-derived FATS in OC patient were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with low grade (1/2), FIGO stages I/II than high grade (3/4), stages III/ IV disease (P = 0.003; P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were significantly higher in OC patients with no lymph node metastasis, no ascites than those with lymph node metastasis, ascites (both P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with CA-125 less than 35U/ml than more than 35U/ml (P < 0.001). Among all enrolled OC patients, both 5-DFS and 5-OS were shorter in patients who had low plasma exosome-derived FATS levels than that high levels (both P < 0.001). The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived FATS were 0.85(95% CI: 0.76-0.91) for 5-DFS, 0.91(95% CI: 0.83-0.96) for 5-OS prediction in patients with OC, respectively.
Conclusions: Plasma exosome-derived FATS levels in OC patient were significantly down-regulated. Low levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS had close relationship with FIGO stages I/II, low grade, ascites, higher levels of CA-125, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of OC patients. Our findings may provide a new strategy in treating OC.
THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSIONS OF MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1, PMS2, MSH6, MSH2 IN GASTRIC CANCER; A TISSUE MICROARRAY STUDY
Authors: ERKILINÇ Gamze , KARAHAN Nermin , BAŞPINAR Şirin , KAYMAK Zümrüt Arda , EVRİMLER Şehnaz
Published: September 2021

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the

immunohistochemical expressions of MLH1, PMS2,

MSH6, MSH2 and clinicopathological parameters in

gastric carcinoma.

Matherials and Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue

microarray (TMA) sections of 103 primary gastric

adenocarcinoma and 27 gastric mucosal tissue

samples without tumor. All markers were evaluated

for the presence of nuclear staining. Negative expression

in any of the markers was accepted as a

deficiency. Then, the comparison was made between

the two subgroups as; deficient mismatch repair

(dMMR) and proficient mismatch repair (pMMR).

Results

The histopathological subtypes as intestinal and

non-intestinal, the intestinal group showed significant

deficient expression of MSH2 compared with

the non-intestinal group. PMS2 expression was significantly

higher in the other subtypes than signet ring

cell carcinoma. Also, we observed that the loss of

MLH1 and PMS2 expressions were higher in moderately/

poor differantiated tumors than the well differantiated

ones. Perineural invasion was significantly

higher in patients with loss of MLH1, MSH6, PMS2

expression and dMMR compared to patients with

pMMR. There was no significant difference between

dMMR and pMMR when compared the groups

who received chemotherapy/ radiotherapy and who

did not. There was not found significant relationship

between MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 expressions

and survival.

Conclusion

We found a significant relationship between perineural

invasion and the loss of expression of MLH1,

MSH6 and PMS2. PMS2 expression was also significantly

higher in the other subtypes of GC than signet

ring cell carcinomas.
Determination of the Relaxation Time of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water After Cavitation Treatment
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Shelenkova Veronika V.
Published: September 2021

The results of hydrodynamic treatment of water in the supercavitation mode are presented. Changes in the physicochemical properties of water (electrical conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), oxygen content (OCP), etc.) were revealed, the rational duration of cavitation treatment of water was established, and data on the relaxation of these properties were obtained. At the same time, there is an increase in temperature, pH and electrical conductivity, a decrease in ORP and CRC. The time range with the most intense changes in pH and ORP is 30–90 s. The rate of pH and ORP change in the range of 30–90 s is three and two times higher, respectively, than in the range of 90–300 s. These results correlate fairly well with the results of studies of the effect of ultrasound on water. It was found that the maximum pH value is reached under cavitation action for 180 s. The minimum value of ORP takes at 300 s of cavitation treatment, but remains in the area of positive values. It is shown that during the relaxation time, activated water after treatment for 200 min under the used modes of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment does not return to its original state in all measured parameters
The sphere of culture in the processes of nation-building and the consolidation of citizens: the experience of the cultural policy in France and Germany
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maslikova I. I.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the positive and negative experience of the consolidation of French and German citizens in process of nation-building by means of culture. The research deals with: practice of collecting masterpieces that influenced the development of public museums and the ability to defend national interests; the practice of consolidation of citizens around monuments of cultural figures; practices of confrontation between conservative intellectuals and modern artistic circles, which led to the fight against dissent, the destruction of books and the formation of the ideology of Nazism; practices of nazification of the education system, which revealed growing of the conflict between ideal virtues and the real behavior of participants in the educational process and politicians, and which subsequently legitimized absolute obedience to the leader; practices of collecting library collections, accompanied by theft of public libraries and private collections. The positive consequences of the consolidation citizens with the help of cultural institutions are indicated: the institutionally formed sphere of culture allows citizens to experience national pride, to be aware of themselves as a part of an original and rich national culture, to form their national identity. Cultural institutions create a space, which creativity is encouraged, opportunity for public discussions about culture and society are provided; educational and scientific activities are carried out. Recommendations on building a strategy for the cultural policy of Ukraine: the sphere of culture should be aimed at consolidating citizens; should expand the possibilities of various subjects of cultural activity and minimize the negative influences of the state; should expand access to quality education that fosters a culture of critical and creative thinking; should expand opportunities for international cooperation in educational and cultural projects based on the values of rights and freedom of individuals, mutual understanding and mutual respect of representatives of different cultures.
The problem of field relationship cultural and visual anthropology in the logic of the crisis of text-centered methods of cultural research
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pavlova O. Y.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the relevance of anthropological issues in the beginning of twentieth century and socio-cultural background of the anthropological sciences. The specificity of the subject and method of anthropology as a science in general focused on the systematization of empirical material which was studied. In this context, the logic of the formation of cultural / social anthropology and its instrumental interest to the video productions of technical media is studied. Anthropology tried to form a scientific understanding of human world as a holistic phenomenon (combining theoretical generalizations based on empirical data), while cultural anthropology focused on the study of cultural diversity. Visual anthropology emerged as a crossing of the fields of cultural anthropology as an academic discipline and the field of application of technical optical media, and thus a new source of empirical material. The gradual accumulation of empirical material in the "field researches" of anthropologists allowed to significantly expand the subject area and optics of anthropological science. And also it allowed visual anthropology to go gradually beyond the instrumental function that was originally intended for it. Meanwhile, the text-centered view of ethnographic material led to the transform of the culture of indigenous peoples into the codes of Western civilization, and hence to its reduction. Any of the various authentic non-Western cultures fundamentally distinguishes them from the unification style of the modern culture. The accumulation of video production by ethnography has allowed not only to preserve the disappearing authentic cultures, but also to develop methods of systematization of visual material, as well as to understand the role of visual anthropology as an autonomous discipline of the humanities. The integration of two aspects of visual anthropology (the production and study of images) casts doubt the classical style of positivist science: in particular, on the one hand the status of the subject as an observer or a spectator, on the one hand, and the monopoly of text optics, on the other.