bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional topography of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a combination of retrograde labeling and tissue‐clearing techniques
Authors: Kuramoto Eriko , Fukushima Makoto , Sendo Ryozo , Ohno Sachi , Iwai Haruki , Yamanaka Atsushi , Sugimura Mitsutaka , Goto Tetsuya
Published: February 2024

The trigeminal nerve is the sensory afferent of the orofacial regions and divided into three major branches. Cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve lie in the trigeminal ganglion and are surrounded by satellite cells. There is a close interaction between ganglion cells via satellite cells, but the function is not fully understood. In the present study, we clarified the ganglion cells’ three‐dimensional (3D) localization, which is essential to understand the functions of cell–cell interactions in the trigeminal ganglion. Fast blue was injected into 12 sites of the rat orofacial regions, and ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled. The labeled trigeminal ganglia were cleared by modified 3DISCO, imaged with confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, and reconstructed in 3D. Histograms of the major axes of the fast blue‐positive somata revealed that the peak major axes of the cells innervating the skin/mucosa were smaller than those of cells innervating the deep structures. Ganglion cells innervating the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions were distributed in the anterodorsal, central, and posterolateral portions of the trigeminal ganglion, respectively, with considerable overlap in the border region. The intermingling in the distribution of ganglion cells within each division was also high, in particular, within the mandibular division. Specifically, intermingling was observed in combinations of tongue and masseter/temporal muscles, maxillary/mandibular molars and masseter/temporal muscles, and tongue and mandibular molars. Double retrograde labeling confirmed that some ganglion cells innervating these combinations were closely apposed. Our data provide essential information for understanding the function of ganglion cell–cell interactions via satellite cells.
miRNA‐449c‐5p regulates the JAK‐STAT pathway in inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by targeting ERBB2
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yangqiurong , Yang Kunxian , Liu Wei , Zhou Ziting , Xu Ying
Published: February 2024

Background

Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, and early diagnosis and treatment could reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer patients. microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to regulate the occurrences and progression of many types of cancers. Thus, it is crucial to find novel biomarkers in breast cancer. miR‐449c‐5p acted as a biomarker in non‐small cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma, and so forth. ERBB2 is an ideal target for breast cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms between miR‐449c‐5p and ERBB2 in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Our study focused on the regulatory role of miR‐449c‐5p in breast cancer and its targeting relationship with ERBB2.

Methods

The miR‐449c‐5p expression in breast cancer tissue and normal tissue was searched from the online database (Starbase). The clinical prognosis of miR‐449c‐5p and ERBB2 was predicted by using the Kaplan–Meier analysis method. The expression of miR‐449c‐5p mimics and inhibitors was measured by qRT‐PCR. T47D cells were transfected with miR‐449c‐5p mimics and miR‐449c‐5p inhibitors. After that, CCK‐8, colony formation assays and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the cell proliferation ability, migration and invasion. Whether ERBB2 was the target gene of the miR‐449c‐5p was predicted by Starbase and verified by dual‐luciferase activity assay. In addition, protein levels and the relationship between signalling pathways were measured and validated using western blotting analysis.

Results

We confirmed that miR‐449c‐5p was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue, and its downregulation was linked with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR‐449c‐5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. ERBB2 was a target of miR‐449c‐5p. The invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells were inhibited by miR‐449c‐5p/ERBB2 through JAK‐STAT.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that miR‐449c‐5p inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ERBB2 via JAK/STAT, which means miR‐449c‐5p, is a potential biomarker for breast cancer and provides a novel insight for diagnosis.
Radiologic patterns of distant organ metastasis in advanced breast cancer patients: Prospective review of computed tomography images
Authors: Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Amoako Emmanuella , Ofori Emmanuel Owusu , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Aniakwo Luke Adagrah , Ulzen‐Appiah Kofi , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Morna Martin Tangnaa , Koggoh Patience , Akligoh Harry , Tackie Randy , Manu Aida , Paemka Lily , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Offei Asare Kweku , Hutchful David , Ngoi Joyce , Bediako Yaw , Rahman Ganiyu Adebisi
Published: February 2024

Background

Breast cancer (BC) metastases to the abdomen and pelvis affect the liver, mesentery, retroperitoneum, peritoneum, bladder, kidney, ovary, and uterus. The study documented the radiological pattern and features of the chest, bone, abdominal and pelvic (AP) metastases among advanced BC patients.

Aim

The aim is to document the radiological pattern and features of breast cancer metastasis in the chest, abdomen, pelvis and bones.

Materials and Results

Chest, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography scan images of 36 patients with advanced BC were collated from Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and RAAJ Diagnostics. The images were prospectively assessed for metastasis to the organs of the chest, AP soft tissues, and bones. Radiologic features of metastasis of the lungs, liver, lymph nodes (LNs), and bones were documented. Patients' demographics, clinical data, and histopathology reports were also collected. The data were captured using UVOSYO and exported to Microsoft Excel templates. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed. Only 2.8% of BCs exhibited metaplastic BC, whereas 97.2% had invasive ductal BC. Triple‐negative cases were 55.6%. Of 36 patients, 31 (86.1%), 21 (58.3%), and 14(38.8%) were diagnosed of chest, AP, and bone tissues metastasis, respectively. LN involvement was reported in 26 (72.2%) patients. Majority, 21 (58.3%) were diagnosed of multiple sites metastasis with 15 (41.7%) showing single site. Lungs (77.4%, 24/31) and liver (47.6%, 10/21) were the most affected distant organs. Most bone metastases were lytic lesions (92.9%, 13/14) with the vertebrae (85.7%, 12/14) been the most affected.

Conclusion

According to the study, advanced BC patients have a higher‐than‐average radiologic incidence of lung, liver, bone, and LN metastases.
Sex differences in autism‐like behavior and dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of juvenile mice prenatally exposed to valproate
Authors: Zarate‐Lopez David , Garzón‐Partida Andrea P. , Gonzalez‐Perez Oscar , Gálvez‐Contreras Alma Y.
Published: February 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive and restricted behaviors. Sex dimorphism in the brain, including midbrain dopaminergic circuits, can explain differences in social behavior impairment and stereotypic behaviors between male and female individuals with ASD. These abnormal patterns may be due to alterations in dopamine synthesis in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN). We used an autism‐like mouse model by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. CD1 pregnant female mice were injected with 500 mg/kg VPA or 0.9% NaCl as a vehicle on gestational day 12.5. In the offspring, on postnatal day 31, we examined the social and repetitive behaviors and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive cells in VTA and SN by sex. Male VPA mice showed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behaviors when compared to male vehicles. In females, we did not find statistically significant differences in social or repetitive behaviors between the groups. Male VPA mice had fewer TH+ cells in the SN than control‐vehicle mice. Interestingly, no cellular changes were observed between females. This study supports the notion that sex dimorphism of certain brain regions is involved in the etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of ASD.
The acute effect of wearable resistance placement on change of direction performance in elite netball players
Authors: Ryan Chloe , Uthoff Aaron , McKenzie Chloe , Cronin John
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of wearable resistance forearm (WRf) loading versus shank (WRs) loading on change of direction (COD) performance in netball athletes. Ten elite female netball athletes (age: 24.9 ± 5.0 years, height: 180.1 ± 6.5 cm, weight: 81.3 ± 15.0 kg) participated in this within‐subject repeated measures study under three conditions: (1) no load (NL), (2) WRs and (3) WRf, both wearable resistance conditions loaded with 1% body mass on each limb. Athletes performed a modified 5‐0‐5 COD test with additional timing splits and inertial measurement units placed in their shoes. Total time was significantly longer for both WR conditions with a small effect compared to NL (p < 0.05, ES = 0.22–0.25). The greatest differences between WRs and WRf as compared to NL were in the acceleration phase with moderate effect sizes (0–2 m) (p < 0.05, ES = −0.67–0.79). Both loading conditions had moderate to large significant effects on peak deceleration (ES = 0.56–0.82) and maximum speed (ES = −0.50–0.60). No significant differences were observed between WR conditions. It appeared that WRs and WRs acutely affected COD performance and therefore might provide a potential training stimulus to elicit positive COD performance adaptations if used over an extended period of time. The choice of overload depended on the musculature that needed training.
Vernacular constructions of the relationship between freedom of speech and (potential) hate speech: The case of Finland
Authors: Pettersson Katarina , Norocel Ov Cristian
Published: February 2024

The blurred distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech in ever more polarised public debates across Europe and beyond has prompted research on hate speech, particularly focusing on right‐wing populist politicians. Little is known, however, about how this distinction is construed by ordinary citizens. Deploying the concept of retrogressive mobilisation, this study examines how cases of (potential) political hate speech – one targeting racialised minorities, the other the LGBTQ+ community – are interpreted and negotiated by ordinary citizens through their comments on online news in Finland. Deploying a critical discursive psychological approach, we analyse the vernacular meanings that ordinary citizens attach to the notions of political hate speech, thereby highlighting the dynamic relationship between political and everyday discourse. We evidence three discursive constructions of the relationship between freedom of expression and (potential) hate speech. In these constructions, the same rhetorical resources, especially the liberal arguments of equality and freedom of expression, were deployed to service the opposite discursive functions – that is, for both ‘liberal’ and ‘illiberal’ ends – to condemn and justify discrimination against minoritised groups. Our study contributes to the social psychological understanding of contemporary hate speech and builds a bridge between social psychology and the more recent field of anti‐gender research.
Propionic acid production by Propionibacterium acidipropionici CDBB‐B‐1981 from enzymatic hydrolysates of Agave bagasse pretreated by steam explosion
Authors: Duran‐Cruz Veronica , Hernández Sergio , Ortíz Irmene
Published: February 2024

The biochemical pathway for propionic acid (PA) production is an interesting alternative that can include the utilization of biomass as feedstock. This study evaluated the utilization of Agave bagasse (AB), a lignocellulosic residue, to produce PA by Propionibacterium acidipropinici in batch systems (125 mL‐hermetic bottles and 1000 mL‐bioreactor). The process included a steam explosion pretreatment at 142°C for 15 min and enzymatic hydrolysis, where solid loading (2.75% and 5% in pretreatment and 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5% in enzymatic hydrolysis) was evaluated. Furthermore, the enzymatic concentrations of 18.3 filter paper unit (FPU)/gAB (1×) of Cellic® CTec2 and 1.5× and 3× were tested. The yields of total carbohydrates (TC) obtained at the two solid loadings tested in the pretreatment were statistically similar, but the 3x enzymatic concentration enhanced the yields of TC, glucose, and xylose (0.23 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.03 ± 0.01 g/gAB, respectively). The hydrolysates obtained under these conditions were evaluated as carbon sources for PA production, obtaining a productivity of 0.069 ± 0.006 g/L h and a yield product/substrate of 0.44 gPA/gTC. The control of pH in the culture reduced the fermentation time in the bioreactor by 52% compared with the hermetic bottles without pH control. The potential of hydrolysates as carbon sources for PA production was evidenced, as approximately 50% of the initial carbon was converted to this product. The observed yield product/substrate was similar to those reported from hydrolysates of diverse biomass types, pretreatments, or enzymatic cocktails and the same or related microorganisms. However, the system studied has advantages, such as not requiring the addition of chemical or detoxification stage, and lower temperature and time compared to other pretreatments.
Enhancing the Output Voltage of Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on ZnO Nanowires Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition Using Compensatory Cu Doping
Authors: Manrique Manuel , Consonni Vincent , Boubenia Sarah , Roussel Hervé , Zeghouane Mohammed , Labau Sébastien , Cavalaglio Sébastien , Pudda Catherine , Jacob Véronique , Le Rhun Gwenael , Salem Bassem
Published: February 2024

The screening effect in ZnO nanowires (NWs) coming from the high density of free electrons has emerged as one of the major issues for their efficient integration into piezoelectric devices. Herein, the compensatory Cu doping of ZnO NWs grown by chemical bath deposition in the high‐pH region using Cu(NO3)2 and ammonia as chemical additives is developed and the effects of a postdeposition thermal annealing under oxygen atmosphere are investigated. It is shown that the Cu dopants are incorporated into ZnO NWs with an atomic [Cu]/[Zn] ratio in the range of 50–65 ppm and undergo a migration process into their bulk after thermal annealing. Importantly, the electrical resistivity of Cu‐doped ZnO NWs is found to increase by a factor of 4 compared to unintentionally n‐doped ZnO NWs. The increase is even more pronounced after different thermal annealing, reaching a factor exceeding 100, which is explained by the redistribution of hydrogen‐ and nitrogen‐related defects along with the thermal activation of Cu dopants. Additionally, it is revealed that a rigid piezoelectric nanogenerator based on a Cu‐doped ZnO NW matrix exhibits the highest output voltage and effective piezoelectric coefficient d33eff thanks to the reduction of the screening effect, opening perspectives in the field of piezoelectric devices.
Novel performance‐based seismic reinforcement method for the dry masonry retaining wall located in an urban residential area
Authors: Sano Kazuya , Sahare Anurag , Itoh Kazuya , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Suemasa Naoaki , Konami Takeharu , Taniyama Shingo
Published: February 2024

In Japan, recently there has been an increase in the failure of dry masonry retaining walls located in an urban residential area due to strong earthquakes. However, currently there are no established optimal seismic reinforcement methods for such dry masonry retaining walls due to issues related to workability and construction cost. This paper presents a novel reinforcement method wherein the tilting reinforcement bars were installed from top of the retaining wall whose individual blocks were integrated. A detailed investigation and discussion on the mechanical behavior of a dry masonry retaining wall is made by comparing the results among different experimental cases which had different seismic reinforcement treatment with the help of tilting table experiments conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge. The results highlighted that the proposed method, the application of tilting reinforcement bars together with the integration of individual wall blocks, led to the best seismic resilient performance of the retaining wall with the least measured soil deformations and soil strains at the backfill. Among all the tested cases, the proposed method resulted in the least mobilization of axial force and bending moment at the top of reinforcement bars which may result in the overall reduction of the construction cost (i.e., by reducing the number of reinforcement bars) aiming toward a performance‐based design. Lastly, an analytical evaluation of the factor of safety (FOS) against collapse as per the Mononobe‐Okabe theory was made which was found to be in excellent agreement with the centrifuge experiments revealing the proposed method to perform best among all the cases.
An advanced rate‐dependent analytical model of lead rubber bearing
Authors: Aghaeidoost Vahid , Billah A. H. M. Muntasir
Published: February 2024

Lead rubber bearings (LRBs) are a type of isolation bearing that have a combination of rubber and lead as the main components. These bearings are widely used in bridges, buildings, and other important structures due to their high load‐carrying capacity and excellent energy dissipation capability. However, the behavior of LRBs is complex and nonlinear, making it difficult to predict their behavior and performance under different loading conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive analytical model of LRBs that can accurately predict their behavior under low to large levels of strain. The proposed model considers nonlinearity, hysteresis, stiffness, damping, and rate‐dependent behavior of LRBs. The model is also able to consider the effect of temperature on the rubber and lead components of the bearing. The developed model is validated using experimental results and is shown to provide accurate predictions of the LRB response under different strain levels. The accuracy of the developed LRB model is also validated using shake table test results of an LRB‐isolated bridge under low and large strain. This research provides a valuable tool for engineers and designers to predict the behavior and performance of LRBs and optimize their design.
Using deep (machine) learning to forecast US inflation in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Stoneman David , Duca John V.
Published: February 2024

The 2021–2022 surge in US inflation was unanticipated by the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) and other macroeconomists and institutions. This study assesses whether nascent deep learning frameworks and methods more accurately project recent core personal consumption expenditures inflation. We create a recurrent neural network (RNN) to forecast long‐term inflation, and after training on 60 years of quarterly data, the model outperforms the SPF and projects a spike in inflation similar to that of recent years. We compare the model's performance with and without COVID‐19–specific data and discuss some implications of our findings for economic forecasting in global crises.
Physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of yogurt with Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) and probiotic bacteria
Authors: Vahdat Farahnaz , Mehdizadeh Tooraj , Kazemeini Hamidreza , Reale Anna , Kaboudari Ata
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yogurt prepared with the addition of Persian shallot and probiotic bacteria. The effect of Persian shallot on the viability of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of shallot and probiotic bacteria on Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli species were investigated. The experiments were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that the survival of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly in the presence of shallots (p < .05). The addition of two different probiotic bacteria to the yogurt samples inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. While E. coli bacteria had a 3‐log reduction, L. monocytogenes did not grow at all in the presence of probiotic bacteria and shallots. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that the addition of shallots not only increased the survival of probiotic bacteria but also reduced the growth of food‐borne pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the addition of probiotic bacteria increased the acceptance of sensory properties of yogurt samples.
Mothers' school starting age and infant health
Authors: Borra Cristina , González Libertad , Patiño David
Published: February 2024

We study the effects of women's school starting age on the infant health of their offspring. In Spain, children born in December start school a year earlier than those born the following January, despite being essentially the same age. We follow a regression discontinuity design to compare the health at birth of the children of women born in January versus the previous December, using administrative, population‐level data. We find small and insignificant effects on average weight at birth, but, compared to the children of December‐born mothers, the children of January‐born mothers are more likely to have very low birthweight. We then show that January‐born women have the same educational attainment and the same partnership dynamics as December‐born women. However, they finish school later and are (several months) older when they have their first child. Our results suggest that maternal age is a plausible mechanism behind our estimated impacts of school starting age on infant health.
Quality of life following surgery for head and neck cancer: Evidence from ACRIN 6685
Authors: Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Duan Fenghai , Subramaniam Rathan M. , Taurone Alexander , Sicks JoRean , Lowe Val J. , Stack Brendan C.
Published: February 2024

Background

This study examined the trajectory of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with clinical stage N0 HNSCC enrolled in ACRIN 6685 who underwent elective neck dissection(s).

Methods

HRQoL of 230 patients in the ACRIN 6685 trial was measured prospectively up to 2 years following surgery using the University of Washington Quality of Life instrument.

Results

General Health Within the Last 7 Days did not differ significantly from baseline at any follow‐up. General Health Relative to Before Cancer fell significantly by 5.8 points following surgery (p = 0.048), and then returned to 3.0 points above baseline at 1 year (p = 0.65). For Overall Quality of Life, HRQoL fell significantly by 4.3 points following surgery (p = 0.031) and then returned to levels not significantly different from baseline.

Conclusions

Patients with stage N0 HNSCC experience significant declines in HRQoL immediately following surgery, including neck dissection, which recovers to near or better than baseline within 1–2 years.
A survey on the willingness of outpatients to participate in fundus examination procedures conducted by ophthalmology training residents in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Haidong , Li Tiankun , Fan Yuanyuan , Zheng Bin , Zhao Yun‐e
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

The National Standardized Training for Resident Doctors (STRD) in mainland China encounters many challenges in its implementation. To investigate whether outpatients are willing to undergo indirect ophthalmoscopy examination conducted by ophthalmology residents in the ophthalmology STRD program in China.

Methods

This study conducted a cross‐sectional survey at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between September 2021 and September 2023. A cohort of 300 initial outpatients requiring indirect ophthalmoscopy examinations were enlisted from the outpatient department. Based on whether the patients are willing to undergo an indirect ophthalmoscopy examination by resident doctors, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (willing) and Group 2 (unwilling), and their questionnaire responses were comparatively analyzed.

Results

A total of 261/300 (87%) valid questionnaires were returned in the survey, which included 149 males and 112 females. No notable gender difference (p = 0.400) or disparity in medical expense categories (p = 0.786) was observed between the two groups. However, variables such as outpatient marital status (p = 0.002), the presence of training faculty during fundus examinations with residents and outpatients (p < 0.001), the demeanor of training residents toward patients (p < 0.001), and the quality of doctor–patient communication (p < 0.001) significantly varied between the groups.

Conclusion

The level of outpatients' cooperation with ophthalmology residents during fundus examinations in the Chinese ophthalmology STRD program was observed to be low. Enhancing the presence of training faculty during examinations and enhancing the communication skills of training residents could significantly improve this situation.
Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells and tumor related transcripts in small cell lung cancer: A step further to clinical implementation
Authors: Welsch Eva , Holzer Barbara , Schuster Eva , Fabikan Hannah , Weinlinger Christoph , Hauptmann‐Repitz Elisabeth , Illini Oliver , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Fischer Michael B. , Weiss Esther , Zeillinger Robert , Obermayr Eva
Published: February 2024

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsy samples may serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers; but the analysis of CTCs is still challenging. By using microfluidic or density gradient CTC enrichment in combination with immunofluorescent (IF) staining or qPCR of CTC‐related transcripts, we achieved a 60.8% to 88.0% positivity in SCLC blood samples. Epithelial and neuroendocrine transcripts including the druggable target DLL3 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), indicating the clinical value of these markers in terms of differential diagnosis and treatment decisions. High CTC counts and the presence of CTC duplets detected by IF staining were prognostic for OS, and thus may serve as indicators of disease progression or therapy failure. In patient samples with high CTC load detected by IF staining, a concordance of the transcripts positivity in circulating free plasma RNA and CTCs was observed. Our data emphasize the role of CTCs and CTC‐related transcripts and underline the clinical value of liquid biopsy analysis in SCLC.
The effect of IFRS adoption on bank internationalisation
Authors: Tawiah Vincent , Oyewo Babajide
Published: February 2024

Banking is one of the highly regulated industries, where a single set of global standards is likely to play a significant role in eliminating double reporting and reducing information asymmetry. Accordingly, we use data on 98 countries over 9 years to examine whether the use of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) drives bank internationalisation. The results show that the use of IFRS is positively and significantly associated with an increase in foreign investment in the banking sector by easing regulatory compliance. However, in developing countries, the benefit of IFRS increasing foreign investment banks is associated with both easing regulatory compliance and reducing information asymmetry between banks and their clients. Our results are consistent across different sub‐samplings, including EU versus non‐EU, high versus low absence, and divergence between domestic standard and IFRS. These results provide reassurance and clear evidence of how IFRS facilitates the global flow of capital, even in a highly regulated industry such as banks. The results are robust to alternative measurements of variables and endogeneity tests using the Two‐Stage Least Square, Two‐step System Generalised Method of Moments and Propensity Score Matching.
Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with disseminated sarcoidosis: A case report
Authors: Billotte Maxime , Eszto Peter , Thomas Benoît , Groizard Pierre , Perez Pierre , Campagne Julien
Published: February 2024

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease known to be associated with multiple autoimmune disorders. There is a restricted number of descriptions of the association between sarcoidosis and autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). We present the case of a 63‐year‐old woman admitted to the hospital to investigate a possible sarcoidosis who had hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, with low ADAMTS13 activity and anti‐ADAMTS13 antibodies, leading to a diagnosis of aTTP. Sarcoidosis was later confirmed and the two conditions evolved separately after 6 months, questioning the link between them. Clinicians should be aware of this rare cause of thrombocytopenia in patients with sarcoidosis, as aTTP is a life‐threatening condition.
MicroRNAs: Potential prognostic and theranostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ali Afgar , Mahla Sattarzadeh Bardsiri , Reza Vahidi , Hossein Arezoomand , Bahareh Kashani , Mohammad Hosseininaveh , Fatemeh Sharifi , Mostafa Amopour Bahnamiry , Leili Rouhi
Published: February 2024

Small noncoding ribonucleic acids called microRNAs coordinate numerous critical physiological and biological processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. These regulatory molecules interfere with the function of many genes by binding the 3'‐UTR region of target mRNAs to inhibit their translation or even degrade them. Given that a large proportion of miRNAs behave as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, any genetic or epigenetic aberration changeing their structure and/or function could initiate tumor formation and development. An example of such cancers is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent adult leukemia in Western nations, which is caused by unregulated growth and buildup of defective cells in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Genetic alterations at cellular and molecular levels play an important role in the occurrence and development of CLL. In this vein, it was noted that the development of this disease is noticeably affected by changes in the expression and function of miRNAs. Many studies on miRNAs have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the prognosis of different cancers, including CLL, and their epigenetic alterations (e.g., methylation) can predict disease progression and response to treatment. Furthermore, miRNAs are involved in the development of drug resistance in CLL, and targeting these molecules can be considered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this disease. MiRNA screening can offer important information on the etiology and development of CLL. Considering the importance of miRNAs in gene expression regulation, their application in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CLL is reviewed in this paper.
Scapular morphology variation affects reverse total shoulder arthroplasty biomechanics. A predictive simulation study using statistical and musculoskeletal shoulder models
Authors: Silvestros Pavlos , Athwal George S. , Giles Joshua W.
Published: February 2024

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) accounts for over half of shoulder replacement surgeries. At present, the optimal position of RTSA components is unknown. Previous biomechanical studies have investigated the effect of construct placement to quantify mobility, stability and functionality postoperatively. While studies have provided valuable information on construct design and surgical placement, they have not systematically evaluated the importance of scapular morphology on biomechanical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of scapular morphology variation on RTSA biomechanics using statistical models, musculoskeletal modeling and predictive simulation. The scapular geometry of a musculoskeletal model was altered across six modes of variation at four levels (±1 and ±3 SD) from a clinically derived statistical shape model. For each model, a standardized virtual surgery was performed to place RTSA components in the same relative position on each model then implemented in 50 predictive simulations of upward and lateral reaching tasks. Results showed morphology affected functional changes in the deltoid moment arms and recruitment for the two tasks. Variation of the anatomy that reduced the efficiency of the deltoids showed increased levels of muscle force production, joint load magnitude and shear. These findings suggest that scapular morphology plays an important role in postoperative biomechanical function of the shoulder with an implanted RTSA. Furthermore a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach for construct surgical placement may lead to suboptimal patient outcomes across a clinical population. Patient glenoid as well as scapular anatomy may need to be carefully considered when planning RTSA to optimize postoperative success.
Indirect influence of microRNA‐146a on the association of IL‐6 and TNF‐α genetic polymorphisms with the increased risk of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Tudor Karlo , Baranasic Jurica , Knezevic Jelena , Serer Vicevic Marta , Sutic Maja , Dembic Zlatko , Jotanovic Zdravko
Published: February 2024

Primary osteoarthritis (POA) is a complex hereditary disease that involves the interplay between genetics and epigenetics. MicroRNA molecules play important roles in epigenetic mechanisms. MicroRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) is a negative regulator of the immune response in osteoarthritis (OA). So, variations in the miR‐146a gene could affect OA risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the miR‐146a, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), Toll‐like receptor 10 (TLR10), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFA) genes and the risk for development of advanced‐stage primary hip osteoarthritis (PHOA) and primary knee osteoarthritis (PKOA) in the Croatian population. A total of 609 POA patients and 656 healthy donors were genotyped for SNPs in the miR‐146a (rs2910164, G>C). Since we used same patients and controls as two studies before us, we already had information about IL‐6 (rs1800795, C>G), TLR10 (rs11096957, C>T), and TNFA (rs1800629, C>T) genotypes of our subjects. None of the differences were statistically significant comparing either allelic or genotypic frequencies of miR‐146a SNP rs2910164 (G>C) between the PHOA and PKOA patients and controls. However, we found a significant association with risk to PHOA for the combination of genotypes (stratified miR‐146a genotype with the IL‐6, and stratified miR‐146a genotype with the TNFA). In a multifactorial disease such as POA, we have shown the indirect relevance of a second modifying factor (miR‐146a), which apparently contributes to the overall risk of PHOA. There was no risk association with the PKOA, indicating that these two localities (hip and knee) might have different risk‐modifying factors.
The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure with a posterior guided system and suture‐button fixation enables more precise bone block positioning in the axial plane versus anterior screws fixation
Authors: Gaujac Nicolas , Bouché Pierre‐Alban , Belas Maxime , Bonnevialle Nicolas , Charousset Christophe
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Adequate position of the bone block during arthroscopic Latarjet procedure is critical for an optimal functional outcome. However, this procedure is complex with a long learning curve. Our aim was to compare the bone block position between a dedicated glenoid posterior instrumentation and suture button fixation versus an anterior screw fixation, on a postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan.

Method

Seventy‐nine consecutive patients operated on for an anterior shoulder instability were included in this retrospective study. The same surgeon performed arthroscopically the Latarjet procedure either with an anterior drilling and screw fixation (Group A), or with a specific posterior glenoid guide pin, a posterior drilling, and a suture cortical button fixation (Group B). Evaluations were made by two independent observers. The position was evaluated by CT scan in the axial and sagittal planes. Learning curves with operative time, complications and clinical outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 2 years of follow‐up.

Results

Thirty‐five patients were included in Group A and 44 in Group B. In Group A, 27 bone blocks were flush (87.1%) and 38 in Group B (92.7%) (p < 0.01). In Group A, 72% of the bone block height was below the equator and 76%, in Group B (ns). The mean operating time was 123 ± 32.5 min in Group A and 95 ± 34.1 min in Group B (p < 0.0001). At the final follow‐up, the mean aggregate Rowe score was respectively 94.6 ± 10.4 and 93.1 ± 9.8 points in Groups A and B. The mean aggregate Walch–Duplay score was respectively 94.2 ± 11.6 and 93.4 ± 10.6 points in Groups A and B. There were 11 complications (31.4%) in Group A and five complications (11.3%) in Group B (ns).

Conclusion

The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure with a posterior drilling guided system and suture‐button fixation allows more precise positioning in the axial plane than with anterior drilling and screw fixation. This posterior‐guided procedure could reduce intraoperative and short‐term complications.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Will Artificial Intelligence Impact Union Prevention Efforts?
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: February 2024

Read any news website in 2024 and you are likely to find an article about artificial intelligence (AI). Many people are debating the benefits and risks of the technology, while others are simply trying to fully grasp its meaning and scope. There seems to be only one certainty, which is that AI is here to stay. This month, we take a few minutes to consider the potential impact of AI on union prevention strategies and the steps employers should begin taking to take advantage of, and mitigate the risks regarding, this new technology.
X‐Linked Levodopa‐Responsive Parkinsonism‐Epilepsy Syndrome: A Novel PGK1 Mutation and Literature Review
Authors: Guimarães Thiago Gonçalves , Parmera Jacy Bezerra , Castro Matheus Augusto Araújo , Cury Rubens Gisbert , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Kok Fernando
Published: February 2024

Background

Genetic underpinnings in Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes are challenging, and recent discoveries regarding their genetic pathways have led to potential gene‐specific treatment trials.

Cases

We report 3 X‐linked levodopa (l‐dopa)–responsive parkinsonism‐epilepsy syndrome cases due to a hemizygous variant in the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) gene. The likely pathogenic variant NM_000291.4 (PGK1):c.950G > A;p.(Gly317Asp) was identified in a hemizygous state.

Literature review

Only 8 previous cases have linked this phenotype to PGK1, a gene more commonly associated with hemolytic anemia and myopathy. The unusual association of epilepsy, psychiatric symptoms, action tremor, limb dystonia, cognitive symptoms, and l‐dopa‐responsive parkinsonism must draw attention to PGK1 mutations, especially because this gene is absent from most commercial hereditary parkinsonism panels.

Conclusions

This report aims to shed light on an overlooked gene that causes hereditary parkinsonian syndromes. Further research regarding genetic pathways in PD may provide a better understanding of its pathophysiology and open possibilities for new disease‐modifying trials, such as SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, and DJ‐1 genes.
Disclosing the Risk Associated with Isolated REM Behavior Disorder: The Sleep Experts’ Perspective
Authors: Ingravallo Francesca , D'Alterio Alessandra , Rossetti Andrea , Antelmi Elena , Plazzi Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Background

Isolated rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is associated with a high risk for phenoconversion to a neurodegenerative disorder, but the optimal approach for disclosure of this risk to patients is still debated.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore views and experiences of iRBD experts regarding risk disclosure.

Methods

In this qualitative study, semi‐structured interviews with sleep experts caring for patients with iRBD were analyzed through a conventional content analysis approach.

Results

We interviewed 22 iRBD experts (eight female, average age of 51.8 years) from 18 Italian sleep centers; 21/22 regularly disclosed the risks associated with iRBD, usually after the video‐polysomnography, and 8/22 regularly mentioned phenoconversion rates. Content analysis allowed us to identify three main themes. First, sleep experts reported several points in favor of risk disclosure, especially related to the principle of beneficence, but some highlighted the need for specific learning on the topic. Second, experts favored a patient‐tailored disclosure that should not upset the patient unnecessarily, since phenoconversion is uncertain. Third, risk disclosure was seen by participants as a relational task that should be carried out in person in the context of a trusting patient‐physician relationship, while they had contrasting views regarding patients’ previous knowledge.

Conclusions

Sleep experts generally preferred a tailored and reassuring approach to risk disclosure within a framework of relational autonomy. The results of this study indicate the need for specific education, training, and recommendations concerning risk disclosure that should also include patients’ and families’ preferences.
Objective image quality assurance in cone‐beam CT: Test methods, analysis, and workflow in longitudinal studies
Authors: Johnston Ashley , Mahesh Mahadevappa , Uneri Ali , Rypinski Tatiana A. , Boone John M. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H.
Published: February 2024

Background

Standards for image quality evaluation in multi‐detector CT (MDCT) and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) are evolving to keep pace with technological advances. A clear need is emerging for methods that facilitate rigorous quality assurance (QA) with up‐to‐date metrology and streamlined workflow suitable to a range of MDCT and CBCT systems.

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility and workflow associated with image quality (IQ) assessment in longitudinal studies for MDCT and CBCT with a single test phantom and semiautomated analysis of objective, quantitative IQ metrology.

Methods

A test phantom (CorgiTM Phantom, The Phantom Lab, Greenwich, New York, USA) was used in monthly IQ testing over the course of 1 year for three MDCT scanners (one of which presented helical and volumetric scan modes) and four CBCT scanners. Semiautomated software analyzed image uniformity, linearity, contrast, noise, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), 3D noise‐power spectrum (NPS), modulation transfer function (MTF) in axial and oblique directions, and cone‐beam artifact magnitude. The workflow was evaluated using methods adapted from systems/industrial engineering, including value stream process modeling (VSPM), standard work layout (SWL), and standard work control charts (SWCT) to quantify and optimize test methodology in routine practice. The completeness and consistency of DICOM data from each system was also evaluated.

Results

Quantitative IQ metrology provided valuable insight in longitudinal quality assurance (QA), with metrics such as NPS and MTF providing insight on root cause for various forms of system failure—for example, detector calibration and geometric calibration. Monthly constancy testing showed variations in IQ test metrics owing to system performance as well as phantom setup and provided initial estimates of upper and lower control limits appropriate to QA action levels. Rigorous evaluation of QA workflow identified methods to reduce total cycle time to ∼10 min for each system—viz., use of a single phantom configuration appropriate to all scanners and Head or Body scan protocols. Numerous gaps in the completeness and consistency of DICOM data were observed for CBCT systems.

Conclusion

An IQ phantom and test methodology was found to be suitable to QA of MDCT and CBCT systems with streamlined workflow appropriate to busy clinical settings.
Dynamic parallel imaging at 9.4 T using reconfigurable receive coaxial dipoles
Authors: Solomakha Georgiy A. , Glang Felix , Bosch Dario , Steffen Theodor , Scheffler Klaus , Avdievich Nikolai I.
Published: February 2024

Parallel imaging is one of the key MRI technologies that allow reduction of image acquisition time. However, the parallel imaging reconstruction commonly leads to a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) drop evaluated using a so‐called geometrical factor (g‐factor). The g‐factor is minimized by increasing the number of array elements and their spatial diversity. At the same time, increasing the element count requires a decrease in their size. This may lead to insufficient coil loading, an increase in the relative noise contribution from the RF coil itself, and hence SNR reduction. Previously, instead of increasing the channel number, we introduced the concept of electronically switchable time‐varying sensitivities, which was shown to improve parallel imaging performance. In this approach, each reconfigurable receive element supports two spatially distinct sensitivity profiles. In this work, we developed and evaluated a novel eight‐element human head receive‐only reconfigurable coaxial dipole array for human head imaging at 9.4 T. In contrast to the previously reported reconfigurable dipole array, the new design does not include direct current (DC) control wires connected directly to the dipoles. The coaxial cable itself is used to deliver DC voltage to the PIN diodes located at the ends of the antennas. Thus, the novel reconfigurable coaxial dipole design opens a way to scale the dynamic parallel imaging up to a realistic number of channels, that is, 32 and above. The novel array was optimized and tested experimentally, including in vivo studies. It was found that dynamic sensitivity switching provided an 8% lower mean and 33% lower maximum g‐factor (for Ry × Rz = 2 × 2 acceleration) compared with conventional static sensitivities.