bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER INSPIRATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TOWARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICE PURCHASE INTENTION
Authors: Wissen Sabrina , Anatan Lina
Published: March 2023

Social media has been used as a marketing tool by architecture firms to generate purchase in­ten­tion. However, inspiration as a motivating internal response is needed to achieve the marketing ob­jec­tive. This study aims to examine the effect of utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness as ante­cedents of customer inspiration, the effect of customer inspiration on purchase intention, and the me­diating role of customer inspiration between antecedents and purchase intention. A total of 395 res­pondents were taken as samples using simple random sampling, and the data was then analyzed with SmartPLS. Results show that utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness positively affect cus­tomer inspiration, and customer inspiration positively affects purchase intentions. Additionally, cus­tomer inspiration also mediates the effect of utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness on pur­chase intentions. This study contributes to the literature on customer inspiration from a customer-firm relationship perspective. Moreover, this study can give insight for architectural firms to effectively prac­tice social media marketing by focusing on creating customer inspiration through the content provided and targeting the right potential customers in order to generate architectural design service purchase intention.
Quantitative determination of SLC2A1 variant functional effects in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Tayebi Naeimeh , Leon‐Ricardo Brian , McCall Kevin , Mehinovic Elvisa , Engelstad Kristin , Huynh Vincent , Turner Tychele N. , Weisenberg Judy , Thio Liu L. , Hruz Paul , Williams Robin S. B. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Petit Vincent , Haller Gabe , Gurnett Christina A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the utility of a growth assay to quantify the functional impact of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in SLC2A1, the gene responsible for Glut1DS.

Methods

The functional impact of 40 SNVs in SLC2A1 was quantitatively determined in HAP1 cells in which SLC2A1 is required for growth. Donor libraries were introduced into the endogenous SLC2A1 gene in HAP1‐Lig4KO cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Cell populations were harvested and sequenced to quantify the effect of variants on growth and generate a functional score. Quantitative functional scores were compared to 3‐OMG uptake, SLC2A1 cell surface expression, CADD score, and clinical data, including CSF/blood glucose ratio.

Results

Nonsense variants (N = 3) were reduced in cell culture over time resulting in negative scores (mean score: −1.15 ± 0.17), whereas synonymous variants (N = 10) were not depleted (mean score: 0.25 ± 0.12) (P < 2e‐16). Missense variants (N = 27) yielded a range of functional scores including slightly negative scores, supporting a partial function and intermediate phenotype. Several variants with normal results on either cell surface expression (p.N34S and p.W65R) or 3‐OMG uptake (p.W65R) had negative functional scores. There is a moderate but significant correlation between our functional scores and CADD scores.

Interpretation

Cell growth is useful to quantitatively determine the functional effects of SLC2A1 variants. Nonsense variants were reliably distinguished from benign variants in this in vitro functional assay. For facilitating early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, future work is needed to determine the functional effect of every possible variant in SLC2A1.
Crocetin Regulates Functions of Neural Stem Cells to Generate New Neurons for Cerebral Ischemia Recovery
Authors: Liu Zhongqing , Wang Zhaojun , Zhu Zhanchi , Hong Jing , Cui Leisha , Hao Ying , Cheng Guosheng , Tan Rui
Published: March 2023

Many neurons undergo apoptosis after ischemic stroke. In the brain, neurogenesis has the potential for neuronal replacement and can be activated by external conditions to repair the injury. Crocetin (CRO), naturally extracted from the plant saffron, acts as a neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this work, the effect of CRO on neural stem cell (NSC) behaviors and subventricular zone neurogenesis is investigated. Initially, NSCs are incubated with different concentrations of CRO to detect the cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Second, ischemic stroke induced rats are treated with CRO using nimodipine (NMDP) as a comparison. The behavioral functions, infarcted volume, and apoptotic Nissl bodies of rats are noticeably improved after CRO‐treatment, comparable to those of NMDP. In addition, the increased regional cerebral blood flow and promoted neuronal differentiation are achieved by CRO‐treatment. Brain tissue examination shows significantly increased neuronal regeneration in the focal ischemic injury area. Meanwhile, the length of neurites is prolonged, indicating that CRO could potentially promote neurite extension to enhance cell–cell communication. These findings demonstrate that CRO facilitated the neuronal differentiation of NSCs by activating subventricular zone neurogenesis in damaged cortex and striatum sites to repair ischemic stroke.
The case for remote supervision
Authors: Boulanger Ghislaine , Rosenberg Larry
Published: March 2023

As the necessity of meeting state regulations has continued to mount in the public mental health sector, and insurance companies limit the number of therapy sessions covered in a year, the emphasis on evidence‐based treatments, most often in the guise of some form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, continues unabated. Meanwhile, knowledge about and the ability to practice psychodynamically have all but vanished from most community mental health clinics in the United States. With shrinking funds, increasing demand for services, and increasing costs, therapists and their supervisors in these settings are expected to meet productivity and documentation requirements imposed by state and federal regulations and by the clinics themselves. These demands leave little time for therapists to discuss actual cases with their supervisors, to reflect on their experiences with patients and to wonder about the patient's experience with them, skills that are in themselves among the essential tools of psychodynamic clinical training and are crucial to patient care. This paper summarizes the qualitative data collected at the conclusion of a pilot study in which a dozen staff therapists in a community mental health center met weekly individually with psychodynamic supervisor/consultant volunteers to discuss their ongoing cases.
ITGA5 promotes tumor angiogenesis in cervical cancer
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Shen Lulu , Li Wenhan , Liu Xiaoli , Yang Ping , Cai Jing
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Integrins are critical to cancer progression. Integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) is correlated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. However, whether ITGA5 plays an active role in cervical cancer progression or not remains unknown.

Methods

ITGA5 protein expression was detected in 155 human cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were utilized to identify risk factors for the overall survival of cervical cancer patients and ITGA5‐associated differentially expressed genes. Analyses of single‐cell RNA‐seq based on Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were performed to show the coexpression of ITGA5 and angiogenesis factors. Tube formation assay, 3D spheroid sprout assay, qRT‐PCR, Western Blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence were conducted to explore the angiogenic function of ITGA5 in vitro and underlying mechanisms.

Results

High ITGA5 level was significantly correlated with increased risk in terms of overall survival and advanced disease stage in cervical cancer patients. ITGA5‐associated differentially expressed genes linked ITGA5 to angiogenesis, and immunohistochemistry showed a positive correlation between ITGA5 and microvascular density in cervical cancer tissues. Moreover, tumor cells transfected with ITGA5‐targeting siRNA decreased ability to promote endothelial tube formation in vitro. ITGA5/VEGFA coexpression was observed in a tumor cell subpopulation and the decreased endothelial angiogenesis by downregulating ITGA5 could be reversed by VEGFA. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway as downstream of ITGA5. Downregulation of ITGA5 in tumor cells significantly decreased p‐AKT and VEGFA levels. Fibronectin (FN1) coated cells or transfected with FN1‐targeting siRNA showed fibronectin may play a critical role on ITGA5‐mediated angiogenesis.

Conclusion

ITGA5 promotes angiogenesis and possibly be a potential predictive biomarker for poor survival of patients in cervical cancer.
A semiautomatic segmentation method framework for pelvic bone tumors based on CT‐MR multimodal images
Authors: Ge Qi , Xia Tienan , Qiu Yan , Liu Jinxin , Shang Guanning , Liu Bin
Published: March 2023

The pelvic structure is complex and the tumor is poorly defined from the surrounding tissues. Finding the exact tumor resection margin based on the surgeon's clinical experience alone is a time‐consuming and difficult task, which is a major factor leading to surgical failure. An accurate method for segmenting pelvic bone tumors is needed. In this paper, a semiautomatic segmentation method for pelvic bone tumors based on CT‐MR multimodal images is presented. The method combines multiple medical prior knowledge and image segmentation algorithms. Finally, the segmentation results are visualized in three dimensions. We tested the proposed method on a collection of 10 cases (97 tumor MR images in total). The segmentation results were compared with the manual annotation of the physicians. On average, our method has an accuracy of 0.9358, a recall of 0.9278, an IOU value of 0.8697, a Dice value of 0.9280, and an AUC value of 0.9632. The average error of the 3D model was within the allowable range of the surgery. The proposed algorithm can accurately segment bone tumors in pelvic MR images regardless of tumor location, size, and other factors. It provides the possibility to assist pelvic bone tumor preservation surgery.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the stomach masquerading as gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report of a unique entity with emphasis on cytomorphology
Authors: Shacklette Alex H. , Chen Shaoxiong , DeWitt John M. , Patel Krunal S. , Saeed Omer A.
Published: March 2023

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm, postulated to arise from follicular dendritic cells, with approximately 343 reported cases. Less than 100 cases of FDCS were in the gastrointestinal tract, with only four cases described in the stomach, none of them diagnosed on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report here the first case of FDCS of the stomach diagnosed on FNA. Our patient is a 31‐year‐old male who presented with several years history of intermittent abdominal pain prompting occasional emergency‐room visits. Imaging showed a 10.6 cm mass arising from the stomach, concerning for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. FNA cytology was performed using five passes with a 22‐gauge needle. The smears were moderately cellular consisting of sheets and large, loosely cohesive clusters of ovoid to spindle cells with indistinct cytoplasmic borders and abundant cytoplasm, peppered with numerous small mature lymphocytes. The nuclei of the tumor cells were oval with finely granular chromatin with frequent nuclear grooves, pseudoinclusions, and easily recognizable mitotic figures. The tumor cells were positive for FDCS markers (CD21, CD23, and CD35).
Characterizing expression pattern of Six2Cre during mouse craniofacial development
Authors: Umar Meenakshi , Dong Chunmin , He Fenglei
Published: March 2023

Craniofacial development is a complex process involving diverse cell populations. Various transgenic Cre lines have been developed to facilitate studying gene function in specific tissues. In this study, we have characterized the expression pattern of Six2Cre mice at multiple stages during craniofacial development. Our data revealed that Six2Cre lineage cells are predominantly present in frontal bone, mandible, and secondary palate. Using immunostaining method, we found that Six2Cre triggered reporter is co‐expressed with Runx2. In summary, our data showed Six2Cre can be used to study gene function during palate development and osteogenesis in mouse models.
The Ontario Line, another milestone in developing Toronto's public transit system
Authors: Neugebauer Erich , Chesser David , Meyer Veronica , Fromberger Thomas
Published: March 2023

The new Ontario Line is one of four priority transit projects announced by the province of Ontario in 2019 for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). It will be a 15.6 km stand‐alone rapid transit line that will run through the city from Exhibition/Ontario Place in the southwest, through the heart of downtown Toronto, all the way to the Ontario Science Centre in the northeast. Over half of the route (9 km) is planned to run underground through new tunnels, with the remainder running along elevated and at‐grade rail corridor sections of track. Fifteen new stations are proposed, whereby eight are planned as deep underground structures. Most of these underground stations will be built in the downtown core, with numerous connections to the broader transit network of the GTA, including GO Transit rail services, the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) existing subway Lines 1 and 2, the Line 5 (Eglinton Crosstown LRT) currently under construction, as well as numerous bus and streetcar routes. The expected project benefits of Ontario Line are as follows:

A faster and more reliable access to rapid transit system with more than 227,500 people living within walking distance to the new line.

Reduction in crowding of existing Line 1 subway.

Up to 47,000 jobs accessible by transit in 45 min or less for Toronto residents.

Economic and community growth along the future transit line and significant reduction in traffic congestion and greenhouse gases by providing alternative transportation options.

The Ontario Line is currently being delivered through a number of contracts with different procurement approaches.
Circ_0073228 serves as a competitive endogenous ribonucleic acid to facilitate proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by the miR‐139‐5p/deoxyribonuclease II axis
Authors: Bai Lu , Yu Zujiang , Li Qinggang , Hu Xiaobo , Liu Xiaorui , Li Fulei , Li Shasha , Chen Yanling
Published: March 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy and has extremely poor prognosis and outcome. Homo sapiens deoxyribonuclease II (DNASE2) has been reported to participate in HCC progression. Here, the role of DNASE2 in HCC cells and the putative upstream circRNA that mediates DNASE2 expression was investigated.

Methods

The expression of RNAs in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) samples was analyzed by bioinformatic analysis. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and gene expression in HCC cells were investigated using a Cell Counting Kit ‐8, colony formation, flow cytometry analysis, wound healing, transwell, western blotting, and a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR. The binding relationship among circ_0073228, miR‐139‐5p and DNASE2 was measured by RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays.

Results

DNASE2 knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells, whereas DNASE2 overexpression showed the opposite results. miR‐139‐5p targeted DNASE2 and suppressed its expression. Overexpression of miR‐139‐5p inhibited malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. RPS23‐derived circ_0073228, which bound to miR‐139‐5p, was found to be upregulated in HCC cells. Inhibition of miR‐139‐5p or overexpression of DNASE2 counteracted the inhibitory effects of circ_0073228 knockdown on HCC cell progression.

Conclusions

circ_0073228 serves as an oncogene to facilitate growth and inhibit apoptosis of HCC cells by regulating the miR‐139‐5p/DNASE2 axis.
Conversations of life and death: Experiences of death awareness and Death Café participation
Authors: Seifu Feven , Morgan Michael M. , DeDiego Amanda C. , Rassier Ayn
Published: March 2023

To understand the experiences of Death Café attendees and facilitators, the current qualitative study entailed interviews with nine participants focused on mortality awareness. Discussion of findings explores how mortality awareness influences culture and values. Implications explore how death and mortality can be addressed in counseling practice.
Synthesis of a novel waterborne diethanolamine‐modified lignin/polyurethane emulsion and its application as an adhesive for polypropylene decorative film on wood‐based panels
Authors: Chang Liang , Wang Yuanwu , Luo Shupin , Gao Li , Tang Qiheng , Chen Yongping , Ren Yiping
Published: March 2023

To improve the surface bonding strength of polypropylene (PP), decorative films on wood panels, sodium lignosulfonate (SL) was modified with diethanolamine (DEA) to graft two long hydrocarbon chains with end hydroxyl groups on the molecule. The product reacted with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) monomers to form reinforced emulsions. The novel emulsion was used as adhesives on the back of PP decorative films and compared to the unmodified SL. Different contents (5 wt.% and 10 wt.%) of modified SL content were considered in the dry WPU. The PP decorative films were hot‐pressed onto plywood using different kinds of WPU. Results showed that two long hydroxyl groups were grafted on the SL molecule after DEA modification, which reacted with the WPU monomers to form reinforced WPU emulsions. The DEA‐modified SL showed better dispersibility compared to pure SL, avoiding aggregation. Owing to their heat resistance and high stiffness, the DEA‐modified SL/WPU emulsions were superior in thermal properties and surface bonding strength.
Recent Advances on Emerging Carbohydrates‐Based Prebiotics and its Potential Food Sources: Marine Algae, Seaweeds, Tropical Fruits, and Agri‐Food Wastes
Authors: Pierezan Milena Dutra , de Melo Ana Paula Zapelini , Chacon Wilson Daniel Caicedo , Bidim Michelli Fátima , Valencia Germán Ayala , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Verruck Silvani
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in food science and definition aspects of prebiotics are expanding the scope of prebiotic substrates. In this sense, new carbohydrate‐based prebiotics, such as xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides, lactosucrose, raffinose, neoagaro‐oligosaccharides, epilactose, and glucomannans are emerging. Thus, this review presents and discusses the recent advances in emerging carbohydrates‐based prebiotics and potential carbohydrate‐based prebiotic foods. In addition, the evolution of the prebiotic concept is detailed, and the worldwide prebiotics regulatory aspects are presented.
Investigating the appraisal structure of spontaneous thoughts: evidence for differences among unexpected thought, involuntary autobiographical memories, and ruminative thought
Authors: Poulos Cati , Zamani Andre , Pillemer David , Leichtman Michelle , Christoff Kalina , Mills Caitlin
Published: March 2023

Involuntary thinking occurs when mental states arise without intention. Such thoughts can take different forms, such asinvoluntary autobiographical memories(IAM),ruminativethoughts, andunexpectedthoughts—all of which are popular areas of study, albeit in somewhat disparate literatures. Despite these mental states sharing a common thread of feeling involuntary in nature, it is nevertheless unclear what separates them phenomenologically. We conducted a set of exploratory and confirmatory experiments to elucidate the appraisal dimensions behind these forms of involuntary thought, with a particular interest in understanding the phenomenology behind unexpected thoughts that are predicted to violate expectations of both timing and content. Across two experiments, we found that unexpected thoughts had unique appraisal structures compared to the other two forms of involuntary thought: they were less identifiably cued, more surprising in content and timing, and offered new information (i.e., insight). We discuss how these distinctions support recent theories regarding the nature of unexpected thought and its relation to other forms of involuntary thinking, namely IAM and ruminative thought, which are the more commonly studied forms of involuntary thinking.
Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications
Authors: Grabowska Karolina , Buzdygan Weronika , Galanty Agnieszka , Wróbel-Biedrawa Dagmara , Sobolewska Danuta , Podolak Irma
Published: March 2023

BassiaAll. is a genus from theAmaranthaceaefamily, which was created by merging selected species belonging to the formerBassiaandKochiagenera with those classified toChenolea,Londesia,KirilowiaandPanderia.The reorganisedBassiagenus currently comprises around 20 species, which are annual herbs or perennial subshrubs native to Eurasia and Africa.Bassiaplants are well known for their therapeutic applications in folk medicine and traditional medical systems, and they are also used for nonmedical purposes. Some members of this genus, such asBassia scoparia(syn.Kochia scoparia) is of great medical importance and economic value. The plant is cultivated in some regions of Asia as a crop to collectKochiae fructus,which is used for both curative and food purposes. Phytochemical studies carried out onBassiaspecies indicate that these plants synthesize metabolites belonging to different groups of compounds (e.g., triterpene saponins, sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids, lignanamides, alkaloids, organic acids). Some of the structures are rarely found in the plant kingdom. Biological activity studies carried out onBassiaplants revealed various effects exerted by extracts and isolated compounds, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, etc. Modern research explained some of the mechanisms of action. This review covers literature from 1935 to 2022, and assembles and discusses data on phytochemistry, biological activity, as well as medical and nonmedical use of the representatives of the genusBassia. In this review we present the current state of knowledge about the plants of the genus.
Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric (DEC) Cell Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A First-in-Human Study with Minimum 6 Months Follow-up
Authors: Heydemann Ahlke , Bieganski Grzegorz , Wachowiak Jacek , Czarnota Jarosław , Niezgoda Adam , Siemionow Krzysztof , Ziemiecka Anna , Sikorska Maria H. , Bozyk Katarzyna , Tullius Stefan G. , Siemionow Maria
Published: March 2023

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked progressive lethal muscle wasting disease for which there is no cure. We present first-in-human study assessing safety and efficacy of novel Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric (DEC) cell therapy created by fusion of patient myoblasts with myoblasts of normal donor origin. We report here on safety and functional outcomes of the first 3 DMD patients. No study related adverse events (AE) and no serious adverse events (SAE) were observed up to 14 months after systemic-intraosseous administration of DEC01. Ambulatory patients showed improvements in functional tests (6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA)) and both, ambulatory and non-ambulatory in PUL, strength and fatigue resistance which correlated with improvement of Electromyography (EMG) parameters. DEC01 therapy does not require immunosuppression, involves no risks of off target mutations, is not dependent upon the causative mutation and is therefore a universal therapy that does not use viral vectors and therefore can be readministered, if needed. This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee (approval No. 46/2019).

Graphical Abstract

Mechanism of action of the Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric Cell (DEC) cells created via ex vivo fusion of human myoblast from normal and DMD-affected donors. Following systemic-intraosseous administration, DEC engraft and fuse with the myoblasts of DMD patients, deliver dystrophin and improve muscle strength and function. (Created with BioRender.com)
Structural Dynamics
Authors: Friedmann Peretz P. , Lesieutre George A. , Huang Daning
Published: March 2023

Master the principles of structural dynamics with this comprehensive and self-contained textbook, with key theoretical concepts explained through real-world engineering applications. The theory of natural modes of vibration, the finite element method and the dynamic response of structures is balanced with practical applications to give students a thorough contextual understanding of the subject. Enhanced coverage of damping, rotating systems, and parametric excitation provides students with superior understanding of these essential topics. Examples and homework problems, closely linked to real-world applications, enrich and deepen student understanding. Curated mathematical appendices equip students with all the tools necessary to excel, without disrupting coverage of core topics. Containing all the material needed for a one- or two-semester course, and accompanied online by Matlab code, this authoritative textbook is the ideal introduction for graduate students in aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering.
Reducing ageism focusing on stereotype embodiment theory: Pre-registered study and Bayesian analysis approach
Authors: Shimizu Yuho
Published: March 2023

Ageism has become a social problem in an aged society. This study re-examines an ageism affirmation strategy; the designs and plans for this study were pre-registered. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (in which they read an explanatory text about the stereotype embodiment theory and related empirical findings) or a control group (in which they read an irrelevant text). The hypothesis was that negative attitudes toward older adults are reduced in the experimental group compared with the control group. Bayesian analysis was used for hypothesis testing. The results showed that negative attitudes toward older adults were reduced in the experimental group. These findings contribute to the development of psychological and gerontological interventions aimed at affirming ageism. In addition, continued efforts to reduce questionable research practices and the spread of Bayesian analysis in psychological research are expected.
The near wake of discrete roughness elements on swept wings
Authors: Zoppini G. , Michelis T. , Ragni D. , Kotsonis M.
Published: March 2023

This work presents the first experimental characterization of the flow field in the vicinity of periodically spaced discrete roughness elements (DRE) in a swept wing boundary layer. The time-averaged velocity fields are acquired in a volumetric domain by high-resolution dual-pulse tomographic particle tracking velocimetry. Investigation of the stationary flow topology indicates that the near-element flow region is dominated by high- and low-speed streaks. The boundary layer spectral content is inferred by spatial fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the spanwise velocity signal, characterizing the chordwise behaviour of individual disturbance modes. The two signature features of transient growth, namely algebraic growth and exponential decay, are identified in the chordwise evolution of the disturbance energy associated with higher harmonics of the primary stationary mode. A transient decay process is instead identified in the near-wake region just aft of each DRE, similar to the wake relaxation effect previously observed in two-dimensional boundary layer flows. The transient decay regime is found to condition the onset and initial amplitude of modal crossflow instabilities. Within the critical DRE amplitude range (i.e. affecting boundary layer transition without causing flow tripping) the transient disturbances are strongly receptive to the spanwise spacing and diameter of the elements, which drive the modal energy distribution within the spatial spectra. In the super-critical amplitude forcing (i.e. causing flow tripping) the near-element stationary flow topology is dominated by the development of a high-speed and strongly fluctuating region closely aligned with the DRE wake. Therefore, elevated shears and unsteady disturbances affect the near-element flow development. Combined with the harmonic modes transient growth these instabilities initiate a laminar streak structure breakdown and a bypass transition process.
Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry investigation of vortex shedding topology for oscillating heavy spherical pendulums underwater
Authors: Gold Thomas , Reiterer Kevin , Worf Dominik , Khosronejad Ali , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine
Published: March 2023

The vortex shedding topology of a heavy pendulum oscillating in a dense fluid is investigated using time-resolved three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (tr-3-D-PTV). A series of experiments with eight different solid to fluid mass ratios

$m^*$

in the range

$[1.14, 14.95]$

and corresponding Reynolds numbers of up to

$Re \sim O(10^4)$

was conducted. The period of oscillation depends heavily on

$m^*$

. The relation between amplitude decay and oscillation frequency is non-monotonic, having a damping optimum at

$m^* \approx 2.50$

. Moreover, a novel digital object tracking (DOT) method using vorticity-magnitude iso-surfaces is implemented to analyse vortical structures. A similar vortex shedding topology is observed for various mass ratios

$m^*$

. Our observations show that first, a vortex ring in the pendulum's wake is formed. Soon after, the initial ring breaks down to two clearly distinguishable structures of similar size. One of the two vortices remains on the circular path of the pendulum, while the other detaches, propagates downwards, and eventually dissipates. The time when the first vortex is shed, and its initial propagation velocity, depend on

$m^*$

and the momentum imparted by the spherical bob. The findings further show good agreement between the experimentally determined vortex shedding frequency and the theoretical vortex shedding time scale based on the Strouhal number.
Water wave propagation through arrays of closely spaced surface-piercing vertical barriers
Authors: Huang J. , Porter R.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents and compares two different approaches to solving the problem of wave propagation across a large finite periodic array of surface-piercing vertical barriers. Both approaches are formulated in terms of a pair of integral equations, one exact and based on a spacing

$\delta > 0$

between adjacent barriers and the other approximate and based on a continuum model formally developed by using homogenisation methods for small

$\delta$

. It is shown that the approximate method is simpler to evaluate than the exact method which requires eigenvalues and eigenmodes related to propagation in an equivalent infinite periodic array of barriers. In both methods, the numerical effort required to solve problems is independent of the size of the array. The comparison between the two methods allows us to draw important conclusions about the validity of homogenisation models of plate array metamaterial devices. The practical interest in this problem stems from the result that for an array of barriers there exists a critical value of radian frequency,

$\omega _c$

, dependent on

$\delta$

, below which waves propagate through the array and above which it results in wave decay. When

$\delta \to 0$

, the critical frequency is given by

$\omega _c = \sqrt {g/d}$

, where

$d$

is the plate submergence and

$g$

is the acceleration due to gravity, which relates to the resonance in narrow channels and is an example of local resonance, studied extensively in metamaterials. The results have implications for proposed schemes to harness energy from ocean waves and other problems related to rainbow trapping and rainbow reflection.
The Making of Uganda's Equal Opportunities Commission Act and Its Interpretation by the Commission
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: March 2023

Article 32(3) of the Constitution of Uganda (1995) establishes the Equal Opportunities Commission; section 14 of the Equal Opportunities Commission Act provides for the functions of the Commission. These include ensuring that the laws, policies and customs of both public and private entities are not discriminatory and do not marginalize any person or deny him / her equal opportunities. The Commission has handled a few complaints dealing with discrimination, affirmative action, marginalization and impairment of equal opportunities. I rely on the drafting history of the Act, among other sources, to argue, inter alia, that the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Act is exhaustive and that the Commission does not have jurisdiction to deal with complaints alleging discrimination on some grounds. I demonstrate that the Commission has been inconsistent in its definition of discrimination and in dealing with remedies where it has found instances of discrimination, marginalization or denial of opportunities. In some cases, the Commission has blurred the distinction between discrimination and marginalization.
Racial and ethnic disparities in socio-economic status, access to care, and healthcare utilisation among children with heart conditions, National Survey of Children’s Health 2016–2019
Authors: Judge Ashley S. , Downing Karrie F. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Oster Matthew E. , Farr Sherry L.
Published: March 2023

Among children with and without heart conditions of different race/ethnicities, upstream social determinants of health, such as socio-economic status, access to care, and healthcare utilisation, may vary. Using caregiver-reported data from the 2016–19 National Survey of Children’s Health, we calculated the prevalence of caregiver employment and education, child’s health insurance, usual place of medical care in the past 12 months, problems paying for child’s care, ≥2 emergency room visits, and unmet healthcare needs by heart condition status and race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White). For each outcome, we used multivariable logistic regression to generate adjusted prevalence ratios controlling for child’s age and sex. Of 2632 children with heart conditions and 104,841 without, 65.4% and 58.0% were non-Hispanic White and 52.0% and 51.1% were male, respectively. Children with heart conditions, compared to those without, were 1.7–2.6 times more likely to have problems paying for healthcare, have ≥2 emergency room visits, and have unmet healthcare needs. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children with heart conditions, compared to non-Hispanic White, were 1.5–3.2 times as likely to have caregivers employed <50 weeks in the past year and caregivers with ≤ high school education, public or no health insurance, no usual place of care, and ≥2 emergency room visits. Children with heart conditions, compared to those without, may have greater healthcare needs that more commonly go unmet. Among children with heart conditions, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children may experience lower socio-economic status and greater barriers to healthcare than non-Hispanic White children.
The prevalence of abnormal spirometry in children with CHD
Authors: Zhou Geena Y. , Cerrone Daniel , Lewinter Katherine , Masood Imran , Detterich Jon , Singh Sasha , Shah Payal , Keens Thomas , Sabati Arash , Kato Roberta
Published: March 2023

Background:

The burden of pulmonary disease in children with CHD remains under-recognised. Studies have examined children with single ventricle and two ventricle heart disease and documented a decreased forced vital capacity. Our study sought to further explore the pulmonary function of children with CHD.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of spirometry in CHD patients over a 3-year period. Spirometry data were corrected for size, age, and gender and analysed using z-scores.

Results:

The spirometry of 260 patients was analysed. About 31% had single ventricle (n = 80, 13.6 years (interquartile range 11.5-16.8)) and 69% had two ventricle circulation (n = 180, 14.4 years (interquartile range 12.0-17.3)). Single ventricle patients were found to have a lower median forced vital capacity z-score compared to two ventricle patients (p = 0.0133). The prevalence of an abnormal forced vital capacity was 41% in single ventricle patients and 29% in two ventricle patients. Two ventricle patients with tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus had similar low forced vital capacity comparable to single ventricle patients. The number of cardiac surgeries predicted an abnormal forced vital capacity in two ventricle patients except tetralogy of Fallot patients.

Conclusion:

Pulmonary morbidity in patients with CHD is common with a decreased forced vital capacity noted in single ventricle and two ventricle patients. Forced vital capacity is lower in patients with single ventricle circulation; however, two ventricle patients with tetralogy of Fallot or truncus arteriosus have similar lung function in comparison to the single ventricle group. The number of surgical interventions was predictive of forced vital capacity z-score in some but not all two ventricle patients and not predictive in single ventricle patients suggesting a multifactorial to pulmonary disease in children with CHD.
Structural basis for enzymatic terminal C–H bond functionalization of alkanes
Authors: Chai Jin , Guo Gongrui , McSweeney Sean M. , Shanklin John , Liu Qun
Published: March 2023

Alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) is a widely occurring integral membrane metalloenzyme that catalyzes the initial step in the functionalization of recalcitrant alkanes with high terminal selectivity. AlkB enables diverse microorganisms to use alkanes as their sole carbon and energy source. Here we present the 48.6-kDa cryo‐electron microscopy structure of a natural fusion from Fontimonas thermophila between AlkB and its electron donor AlkG at 2.76 Å resolution. The AlkB portion contains six transmembrane helices with an alkane entry tunnel within its transmembrane domain. A dodecane substrate is oriented by hydrophobic tunnel-lining residues to present a terminal C–H bond toward a diiron active site. AlkG, an [Fe–4S] rubredoxin, docks via electrostatic interactions and sequentially transfers electrons to the diiron center. The archetypal structural complex presented reveals the basis for terminal C–H selectivity and functionalization within this broadly distributed evolutionary class of enzymes.
First osteological evidence of severed hands in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Gresky Julia , Bietak Manfred , Petiti Emmanuele , Scheffler Christiane , Schultz Michael
Published: March 2023

For the first time, the severed right hands of 12 individuals have been analysed osteologically. The hands were deposited in three pits within a courtyard in front of the throne room of a 15th Dynasty (c.1640–1530 BC) Hyksos palace at Avaris/Tell el-Dab‘a in north-eastern Egypt. Although this kind of practice is known from tomb or temple inscriptions and reliefs from the New Kingdom onwards, this is the first time that physical evidence has been used to learn more about the procedure and the individuals whose hands were taken. Here, we show that the right hands belonged to at least 12 adults, 11 males, and possibly one female. It is unclear if the hands were taken from dead or living individuals. After removing any attached parts of the forearm, the hands were placed in the ground with wide-splayed fingers, mainly on their palmar sides. The osteological analysis not only supports the archaeological interpretation of this evidence but also adds more detail regarding trophy-taking practices in Ancient Egypt.
Signatures of T cell immunity revealed using sequence similarity with TCRDivER algorithm
Authors: Vujović Milena , Marcatili Paolo , Chain Benny , Kaplinsky Joseph , Andresen Thomas Lars
Published: March 2023

Changes in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires have become important markers for monitoring disease or therapy progression. With the rise of immunotherapy usage in cancer, infectious and autoimmune disease, accurate assessment and comparison of the “state" of the TCR repertoire has become paramount. One important driver of change within the repertoire is T cell proliferation following immunisation. A way of monitoring this is by investigating large clones of individual T cells believed to bind epitopes connected to the disease. However, as a single target can be bound by many different TCRs, monitoring individual clones cannot fully account for T cell cross-reactivity. Moreover, T cells responding to the same target often exhibit higher sequence similarity, which highlights the importance of accounting for TCR similarity within the repertoire. This complexity of binding relationships between a TCR and its target convolutes comparison of immune responses between individuals or comparisons of TCR repertoires at different timepoints. Here we propose TCRDivER algorithm (T cell Receptor Diversity Estimates for Repertoires), a global method of T cell repertoire comparison using diversity profiles sensitive to both clone size and sequence similarity. This approach allowed for distinction between spleen TCR repertoires of immunised and non-immunised mice, showing the need for including both facets of repertoire changes simultaneously. The analysis revealed biologically interpretable relationships between sequence similarity and clonality. These aid in understanding differences and separation of repertoires stemming from different biological context. With the rise of availability of sequencing data we expect our tool to find broad usage in clinical and research applications.
Mutual induced-fit mechanism drives binding between intrinsically disordered Bim and cryptic binding site of Bcl-xL
Authors: Bekker Gert-Jan , Araki Mitsugu , Oshima Kanji , Okuno Yasushi , Kamiya Narutoshi
Published: March 2023

The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of Bim binds to the flexible cryptic site of Bcl-xL, a pro-survival protein involved in cancer progression that plays an important role in initiating apoptosis. However, their binding mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We have applied our dynamic docking protocol, which correctly reproduced both the IDR properties of Bim and the native bound configuration, as well as suggesting other stable/meta-stable binding configurations and revealed the binding pathway. Although the cryptic site of Bcl-xL is predominantly in a closed conformation, initial binding of Bim in an encounter configuration leads to mutual induced-fit binding, where both molecules adapt to each other; Bcl-xL transitions to an open state as Bim folds from a disordered to an α-helical conformation while the two molecules bind each other. Finally, our data provides new avenues to develop novel drugs by targeting newly discovered stable conformations of Bcl-xL.
Bayesian stroke modeling details sex biases in the white matter substrates of aphasia
Authors: Kernbach Julius M. , Hartwigsen Gesa , Lim Jae-Sung , Bae Hee-Joon , Yu Kyung-Ho , Schlaug Gottfried , Bonkhoff Anna , Rost Natalia S. , Bzdok Danilo
Published: March 2023

Ischemic cerebrovascular events often lead to aphasia. Previous work provided hints that such strokes may affect women and men in distinct ways. Women tend to suffer strokes with more disabling language impairment, even if the lesion size is comparable to men. In 1401 patients, we isolate data-led representations of anatomical lesion patterns and hand-tailor a Bayesian analytical solution to carefully model the degree of sex divergence in predicting language outcomes ~3 months after stroke. We locate lesion-outcome effects in the left-dominant language network that highlight the ventral pathway as a core lesion focus across different tests of language performance. We provide detailed evidence for sex-specific brain-behavior associations in the domain-general networks associated with cortico-subcortical pathways, with unique contributions of the fornix in women and cingular fiber bundles in men. Our collective findings suggest diverging white matter substrates in how stroke causes language deficits in women and men. Clinically acknowledging such sex disparities has the potential to improve personalized treatment for stroke patients worldwide.
Modeling of dual frequency combs and bistable solitons in third-harmonic generation
Authors: Hansson Tobias , Parra-Rivas Pedro , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: March 2023

Phase-matching of the third-harmonic generation process can be used to extend the emission of radiation from Kerr microresonators into new spectral regions far from the pump wavelength. Here, we present a theoretical mean-field model for optical frequency combs in a dissipative and nonlinear χ(3)-based cavity system with parametric coupling between fundamental and third-harmonic waves. We investigate temporally dispersive dual-comb generation of phase-matched combs with broad bandwidth and anomalous dispersion of the fundamental field, individuating conditions for accessing a multistable regime that simultaneously supports two types of coupled bright cavity solitons. These bistable cavity solitons coexist for the same pump power and frequency detuning, while featuring dissimilar amplitudes of their individual field components. Third-harmonic generation frequency combs grant telecom pump laser sources a simultaneous and direct access to both the near-infrared and the visible regions, which may prove advantageous for the development of optical clocks and sensing applications.
Light trapping by porous TiO2hollow hemispheres for high efficiency photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Fang Yuanxing , Hodgson Ronan , Lee Wei Cheat , Le Huyen , Chan Hon Wing Boaz , Hassan Hassan M. , Alsohaimi Ibrahim H. , Canciani Giacomo E. , Qian Rong , Chen Qiao
Published: March 2023

Novel nanoporous TiO2hollow hemispheres with light trapping for high-efficiency photocatalytic water splitting.
Optimized synthesis of anti-COVID-19 drugs aided by retrosynthesis software
Authors: Qi Wentao , Zhai Dong , Song Danna , Liu Chengcheng , Yang Junxia , Sun Lei , Li Youyong , Li Xingwei , Deng Weiqiao
Published: March 2023

We applied AI-aided retrosynthesis strategy optimized synthesis routes for several anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Aerosol-assisted facile fabrication of bimetallic Cr2O3–Mn2O3 thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mansoor M. A. , Munawar K. , Naeem R. , Sarih N. M. , Asghar M. A. , Haider A. , Zubir M. N. M. , Zaharinie T.
Published: March 2023

Due to the synergistic effect, the Cr2O3–Mn2O3 composite has shown efficient charge transfer and hole trapping process for water splitting.
Exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution by molybdenum-oxide-nitride-based electrocatalysts with fast water-dissociation and hydrogen-adsorption kinetics
Authors: Wang Zhongmin , Qu Jing , He Yanxiang , Xiong Tuzhi , Huang Zhimin , Wang Feng , Balogun M.-Sadeeq
Published: March 2023

We report a simple strategy for synthesizing Ni0.2Mo0.8N/MoO2nanorods on NF for exceptional HERs in alkaline media. The Ni0.2Mo0.8N/MoO2delivered an ultralow overpotential of 13 mV@10 mA cm−2in 1.0 M KOH, which outperformed the benchmark Pt/C.
Review of thermal management technology for metal hydride reaction beds
Authors: Miao Guodong , Li Ping , Liu Chunrong , Liu Yong , Zhang He , Lin Fanxin , Qu Xuanhui
Published: March 2023

Metal hydride (MH) hydrogen storage systems have gained interest in the last decades. This review evaluates and compares the impact of thermal management measures on heat and mass transfer, summarizing the benefits and drawbacks of different reactor structures.
Total stepwise solid-phase synthesis of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates using side-chain Boc/tBu protecting groups
Authors: Wang Tao , Cao Xiuxiu , Zheng Yong , Chen Chenchen , Zhou Li , Sun Demeng , Fang Gemin , Tian Changlin
Published: March 2023

A practical strategy for the total stepwise solid-phase synthesis of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates was developed, which will expand the applicability of this strategy in the preparation of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates.