bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defects of Rendering Medical Care: Legal Consequences of Professional Noncompetence
Authors: Savoshchikova E V , Voronina I A , Sablin D A
Published: December 2019

The authors refer to the topic related to the establishment of justice in the protection of such constitutional rights as the right to life, the right to health, the right to medical assistance in determining how individuals with special knowledge, namely, medical professionals act as subjects, facilitating the implementation of these rights and monitoring them through, including legal mechanisms. The issues of ambiguous interpretation of the term «medical error» and the competence of commission forensic medical examination in assessing the quality of medical care are considered. The author cites the classification of defects in the provision of medical care. The concept of «medical error» is not used, since the term «medical error» is indifferent to the law, it is replaced by the term defining any illegal action of the doctor, namely - «defect in the provision of medical care». The authors identify the following types of defects of medical care: deliberate iatrogenic (deliberate defect) is a defect of medical care resulting from intentional crime; iatrogenic careless (negligent defect) is a defect of medical care, including signs of careless crimes; erroneous iatrogenic disease (medical error) - defects in the provision of medical care associated with a conscientious delusion of a medical worker that do not contain signs of intent or negligence; accidental iatrogenic disease (accident) - defects in the provision of medical care associated with an unforeseen coincidence, which does not exclude the lawful actions of medical workers. On the basis of acquaintance with practice of rendering medical care in work it is noted that specific weight of defects of rendering medical care and medical mistakes is rather big. The paper notes the data of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, giving the information of death due to medical errors in American hospitals. The paper deals with the subjective and objective causes of medical errors, the most common causes of medical errors are indicated. The data of monitoring of citizens’ appeals regarding the failure to comply with the provisions of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ «On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation». Analyzed appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation, containing claims in view of improper performance by medical workers of their official duties. The materials are presented taking into account the appeal to the foreign experience of regulation of these issues.
Principles of Regulation of Tax Relations in Romania
Authors: Nani L
Published: December 2019

The maintenance of a balance between the proper execution of a state’s functions and individual interests is secured by the principles of regulation of tax relations. Such principles are defined by the constitutions and the tax legislations of foreign countries. The modern interpretation of the principles of regulation of tax relations is revealed by the relevant jurisprudence. The present article addresses matters of interest for Russia of the application of principles of regulation of tax relations in Romania. Such regulation is based, particularly, on the principles of legality, certainty and specificity, as well as bona fide of the taxpayer. The principles of proportionality and effectiveness of the EU apply in addition to the national level of legal regulation. The guarantor of the observance of such principles is the court: the biggest part of decisions on tax disputes are in favour of the taxpayer. The article represents an attempt to systematize the distinctive features of the realization of the aforementioned principles in the context of the analysis of the relevant jurisprudence of national courts of Romania (the appeal courts, the High court of cassation and justice and the Constitutional court), as well as of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The identified distinctive features relate to the following matters: compliance with the constitutionally stipulated procedure of enacting tax laws and elimination of contradictions between secondary legislation and tax laws, inadmissibility of the retroactivity of the law, application of legal methods of ascertaining the risk of taxpayers who are to be verified, as well as compliance with tax secrecy requirements. The article contains examples of jurisprudence in the matter of accountability of a state in civil procedure for the illegal appropriation of funds from the taxpayer in the practice of national courts and of the European Court of Justice.
The Concept of «Crimein the Field of Computer Information»
Authors: Shibaev D V , Lobachev I V
Published: December 2019

The paper is concerned with correct regulation of public relations which are directly connected with legally, socially and linguistically verified conceptual apparatus. The latter helps to reveal legal relations. Crimes in the field of the so-called «computer information» are relatively new acts, and therefore, their classification to the present day has been rather controversial. The comparative and legal research methods, methods of analysis and synthesis have been used to unveil some crucial definitions to classify criminal offences where computer device or electronic information is used either as a tool or a target. Thus, the main objective of the research done is a comprehensive study of the theoretical foundations of crimes in the field of computer information as well as different views on the following notions: «information», «digital information», «computer crimes», «information security», etc. The article contains the history of crimes in the realm of computer information, their features and signs, the formation of a conceptual apparatus. The works of the prominent think-tanks of criminal, administrative, information law, such as Yu.M. Baturin, V.B. Vekhov, N.A. Selivanov, V.A. Kopylov, V.V. Krylov and some devoted to the basic concepts with regard to the classification of E-crimes or, in IT terms, offences in the field electronic media have been studied. The paper describes the debates associated with the application of the term «computer crime» as: independent one having a special subject and object; separate one but within the branch of criminal law; incorrect due to its narrow semantic content. Proponents of such a point of view suggest it should be expanded and treated as «information crimes». The authors offer the definition of a crime in the field of computer information elaborated as a result of their research efforts. In their view, it means unlawful criminally-committed and publicly dangerous act, criminally prosecuted and punished, encroaching public relations to safely produce, store, transfer, search, use, diffuse and protect computer information which damages or threatens the legal rights or interests of individuals and (or) legal entities, society, state.
Criminological Dimension of Environmental Crime
Authors: Tymoshenko Yu A
Published: December 2019

Despite the increased public danger and the prevalence of criminal attacks on the environment, statistics show that since 2010 the officially registered environmental crime has a negative trend. The reasons for this are many, and they are, as shown by the study, to a greater extent subjective. The fact that the legislator classifies the majority of criminal violations of the environment (60%) as minor, difficulties in investigating the facts of criminal pollution of the environment, the minimum Statute of limitations of criminal liability lead to the fact that combating environmental crimes is not a priority in the activities of law enforcement agencies. As a result, the reduction in the number of registered environmental crimes occurs against the background of the growth of administrative offenses. This is facilitated by the lack of clear, regulatory features that allow to distinguish between these types of responsibility, which often leads to an excessively broad law enforcement discretion. According to the results of the study, the level of latency of criminal attacks on the environment is 30-60% on the facts of illegal extraction of biological resources and 70-90% on the facts of environmental pollution. Increased latency of crimes related to the negative impact on natural objects, contributes to the poor design of their compositions as material.
On Independence, Impartiality and Justification of Judicial Power
Authors: Smirnov Alexander Vital'evich
Published: December 2019

The article considers the principle of independence of the judiciary as one of the guarantees of its objectivity and impartiality, and at the same time as the primary task of the judicial policy. A dangerous decline in the level of public confidence in the judiciary is signaled. The theoretical basis for the proposed solutions in the article is the doctrine of the adversarial proceedings and the idea of the judiciary as a mediating link between the state and civil society. The method of achieving this goal is: the formation of an effective content of the judiciary; ensuring due process of law; establishing effective civilian control over the judiciary. It is argued that the role of the trigger for this can be accomplished by four primary measures: the establishment of bodies whose collective name is “magistracy councils” for the formation of an independent judiciary, bringing together representatives of civil society and the state; a significant increase in the jurisdiction of the jury court so that every criminal case (perhaps, with the exception of cases of crimes of a small public danger) can be considered at will of the accused with their participation; democratization of the institute of justices of the peace, which are considered “miniature jury”; the introduction in the criminal process of the institute of investigative judges, whose main task, subsidiary to the activities of the parties, is the legalization (almost exclusively at the request of the parties) of judicial evidence and the decision on the possibility of committal the case to court. It is proposed to increase the motivation of citizens to participate in the consideration of criminal cases as jurors, namely, by establishing additional lists of candidates for jurors, formed through voluntary initiative inclusion of candidates in it (self-recording) through the use of electronic resources. Compared to other publications devoted to the issue of judicial independence, this article proposes a new approach to its solution, based not on strengthening bureaucratic control over the activities of judges, but on maximizing the democratization of judicial activities, in a certain sense “denationalizing” in favor of civil society.
Philosophy of Law and Philosophy of Crime and Punishment (Review of the Monograph of Bochkarev S. A. «The Philosophy of Criminal Law: Statement of a Question». M.: Norma, 2019)
Authors: - -
Published: December 2019

The article is the review of the monograph of Sergey Aleksandrovich Bochkarev, PhD in Law, head of the laboratory of political and legal researches of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, «The philosophy of criminal law: statement of a question». Analyzing the monograph, the reviewer draws attention to the author’s main approaches to understanding the philosophy of criminal law both in Russia and abroad, assesses the author’s analysis of the development of philosophical thought in the field of criminal law, and also considers the basic theoretical and philosophical aspects of the work. The reviewer comes to the conclusion that not only «statement of a question», but also the full development of the philosophy of criminal law in Russia seems to be extremely relevant. The review gave a positive assessment of the theoretical aspects of the work, also approved the author’s manner of linking the philosophies of the topic under consideration with current problems of modern society (this is the best way to look for constructive approaches to solving these problems). The reviewer believes that raising the question of the philosophy of criminal law is extremely relevant and highly values the work under review.
Independence of Justice and State Domestic Policy
Authors: Beshe-Golovko Karin
Published: December 2019

In the article, based on the analysis of the main ideas of the liberal and conservative ideologies of building the relationship between society and the state, the problem of the independence of the justice system is considered. It is presumed that a judge cannot be completely independent from state institutions and, in particular, from the bodies (officials) that are key in his appointment. Under these conditions, it is necessary to state that the task of further scientific research on the issues under consideration is not so much the substantiation of the absolute lack of control of judges as the creation of a theoretical model to minimize the predicted impact on them, taking into account the objective institutional patterns that are not always taken into account today when discussing various reforms.
Administrativnoe normotvorchestvo: pravootnoshenie ili organizatsionno-deyatel'nostnaya tekhnologiya funktsionirovaniya organa publichnogo upravleniya?
Authors: Osintsev Dmitriy Vladimirovich , Domchenko Artem Sergeevich
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of administrative rulemaking as organizational and activity technology of functioning of public administration. The authors, through the analysis of the structure and content of administrative rulemaking, criticize the approach that justifies the need to consider the implementation of the public administration function to adopt normative legal acts as a complex legal relationship. It is suggested that «organizational and activity technology of functioning of public administration» is the most adequate category to answer the question about the essence of administrative rulemaking, which as an activity is carried out in special procedural forms, does not imply the presence of opposing subjects (parties), but, on the contrary, is an exclusive kind of professional cooperation, where each subject at the same time with others performs actions (operations), United within algorithmization activities of community goals and objectives. Based on these considerations, the authors propose an algorithm of public administration activities for the development and implementation of regulatory legal acts, which combines law-making and law-enforcement activities. In addition, the construction of intra-organizational legal relationship, which raises doubts about its viability, is critically reconsidered, since the intra-organizational component of the public administration activity does not have an independent ontology, but only provides for the implementation of external management relations (activities). Ideally, the administration never exists and does not act solely for itself.
Legal Reality as Itemof Postclassic Law Philosophies
Authors: Chestnov Ilya L'vovich
Published: December 2019

The writer show important of philosophical understanding of the law existence. The legal philosophy is searching the ground of juridical science. Philosophy of science is not like a separate area of knowledge, existed closer with this scientific discipline, but her high level- the level of her grounds. In this level occur “contact” between worldview, philosophy and this scientific discipline. Philosophical knowledge (with ideological and everyday knowledge subjected to philosophical ref lection) used for ontological and epistemological substantiation of science. Philosophy of science (like her according level) is not a science, but the knowledge and without this knowledge, science (and juridical science) is impossible. In this case the legal philosophy is the high level of jurisprudences provided ontological and methodological justification of law. Exactly legal philosophy allows juridical discipline come in “meta-legal” area, only from legal philosophy possible explication of legal grounds.Post-classical philosophy formulates the following picture of legal reality: 1) law is created (constructed) by people;2) law is conditioned by historical and socio - cultural context; 3) law is multifaceted, potentially inexhaustible in its external manifestations, phenomenon; 4) law exists in the sign form and practices (behavioral and discursive, mental) people. Post-classic right philosophy is characterized by anthropology and practical orientation.Legal reality formulated by people and reproduced by their practices. The study of exactly how this happens is an important task of post - classical philosophy of law. This approach differs significantly from the classical one and is an adequate analysis of law in post-modern, global society.
On Issue of the Subject Matter of International Law Philosophy
Authors: Shugurov Mark Vladimirovich
Published: December 2019

This article offers a comprehensive view of most significant aspects of the subject matter of international law philosophy. The purpose is a framing the conceptual model of its subject matter and is to identify general themes of further discussion. The methodology of research conducted consists of the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and abstracting. The author has used the system principle and the historical principle. As results of given study are following: justifying the idea of international law as a main subject matter of respective philosophy; explicating the content of the notion “contemporary philosophy of international law”; demonstrating the differences between theory of international law and international law philosophy. The conclusions drawn are conceptual provisions that, firstly, international law philosophy is an independent legal science. Secondly, its vocation is to investigate not only philosophical foundations of international law but also philosophical foundations of international law doctrine. Thirdly, the contemporary international law philosophy must provide the dialog between versions of understanding of international law that are typical for various civilizations.
On the Issue of the Place of the Prosecutor’s Office in the System of State Power of the Russ
Authors: Karpov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: December 2019

The features characterizing the Prosecutor’s office as a subsystem of the state power of the Russian Federation, including its creation on the basis of the Federal law, regulation by the legislation of specific power functions and powers of Prosecutor’s office, independence and independence and others, and also historical aspects of functioning of the Russian Prosecutor’s office are investigated.
Legal and Organizational Aspects of Improving the Work of the Prosecution Authorities
Authors: Komarova Liliya Rifovna , Kolesov Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: December 2019

The article substantiates the necessity of changing the procedural powers of the prosecutor in the part of supervising the preliminary investigation at the stage following the initiation of the criminal case and until the final decision is made by the investigator or investigator. Proposed changes in the procedural powers of the prosecutor are also considered through the prism of the organization of the activities of the prosecution authorities, based on the experience of foreign countries, the opinion of well-deserved domestic jurists. The changes proposed by the authors will have a significant positive impact on the work of the preliminary investigation bodies, reduce the number of violations allowed in the preliminary investigation stages discussed in the article, and will help reduce the bureaucratic workf low and improve the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in general. In addition, it is justified that bringing the status of the prosecutor and the bodies of preliminary investigation into a logical procedural position will eliminate unnecessary and, in fact, harmful corporate competition.
On the Contentof the Law Enforcement Function
Authors: Elizbaryan Artur Sosovich
Published: December 2019

Nowadays the technology progress, appearance of new modern special literature sources and easy possibility of detailly familiarization with many old sources allow us to underline general features of the law and enforcement function. But despite available legal sources, the content of law enforcement function state certain not enough. Author drew conclusions about necessity of definition of notion «law enforcement» for exposing the content of law enforcement function. Article consider some mentions of term in laws and regulations of Russian Federation, whereby determines the importance and the indispensability of notion in Russian legal system. Despite containing of judicial aspects in the law and enforcement essence it is retracing also philosophy, social, political and many other aspects halfway through studying and disclosing of law and enforcement essence. Author determines the final aim of law and enforcement in Russia after analyzing and studying the legal notion. It is determined in research, that law and enforcement is the main part of law and enforcement state function. But eventually it is noted that the last notion is more wide-ranging then the first. It is attached in the article the analyze of researcher’s opinions in this direction, discovered the content and the significance of law and enforcement function in modern period and its place in the system of state functions. Special care took priority of this state direction activity among variety state functions and its final aim, retraced the state’s law and enforcement function and provisions based on decreasing and curbing crime in state link.It is determined, that the significance of law and enforcement function considerably grew up in real situation based on research. Author emphasizes the main attention in needing of detailly studying of state activity signs based on law and enforcement.
The Problem of Legal Regulation of Claims
Authors: Mazurov Igor Igorevich
Published: December 2019

Legal practice is characterized by cases when legal regulation does not achieve its goals in view of ignoring the claims of legal actors. The article searches for ways to solve this problem. The concepts of legal regulation and legal impact are distinguished in the context of their connection with the mechanism of legal claim and the mechanism of its implementation. The main features of legal regulation of legal claims, which are largely due to the nature of the nature of legal claims, are highlighted. The content of legal claims in this case is the main subject of legal impact, while the object of legal regulation are social relations. Legal regulation of legal claims is carried out indirectly, that is, through the creation, modification or cancellation of the conditions for the recognition of their content as legal. The main legal form of recognition of legal claims is their formal legal recognition by authorized state bodies and officials. The conditions for recognizing legal claims presuppose, first of all, the formalization of a person’s legal qualities - legal capacity and legal active capacity, securing the status of a subject of law for a person. In the next turn, the conditions for the recognition of legal claims, in order to ensure acceptable and the most optimal models of social interaction, provide as one of the tools of legal regulation of the relevant subjective rights and legal obligations. At the same time, the excessive complexity of the procedure for the implementation of legal claims creates conditions for illegal ways to ensure the needs and interests. It underlines the pattern of strengthening the degree of legal influence on a legal actor if the subject of legal regulation and the subject of formal legal recognition of legal claims are united in the person of one state body or official.
Democracy and Totalitarianism in Contemporary Understanding
Authors: Novoseltsev Alexey Yur'evich
Published: December 2019

The examination of political reactions content in historical terms has shown that their substance does not remain unchanged. Originally democracy means perverted and unnatural political order, the power of poor, that occurs only for a very short time during the political crises. Democracy began to name government by the people or majority only from the first bourgeois revolutions.The author believes that the idea of government by the people is deeply populist and it is against the laws of nature and society. The generally accepted classification of political reactions does not take into account the useful properties of hierarchy for the society and completely identify the socially useful and legally enshrined in corporate affairs principle of one-man management with totalitarian regime.Currently not a single “color revolution” is not without a number of slogans and populist perceptions about human being and society presented in the end of the XVIII century. The spread of “democracy” does not involve the assistance in economic development and in the establishment of the high social standards typical for west countries, but on the contrary preserve poverty and backwardness of world periphery.The author comes to a conclusion that it is necessary to develop the more modern and adequate perceptions about politic reactions taking into account the explanations of natural sciences. In the authors view the democracy constitute “soft” hierarchy that admit the majority of the people to the acceptable social status in conditions of missing the firm competitive relations in the society. Solidarity among people, consensus of the interests, moral and political unity as a result of approximately equal social status, social stability and mobility, the lack of deep social division are the main characteristics of the democracy. Totalitarianism can be defined as a violence from the side of society or collective towards person who does not want follow antihuman consumer values.
Karl Schmitt on the Hitler Phenomenon in German History:an Attempt at Literary Self-Knowledge
Authors: Baev Valery Grigor'evich
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the psychological state of a scientist seeking self-justification for cooperation with the criminal government (after its collapse). Romantic ideas and thoughts about the imposture of Karl Schmitt are a search for a convincing version of one’s own conformism. The author of the article shows that conformism is typical of the entire German legal profession of the Nazi era: they, relying mainly on legal positivism, justified their behavior by defending the position of the state, despite or contrary to Nazism. Schmitt’s case is special: he became a Reich theorist, who subsequently rejected his ideas.The main thesis of the article is to understand the circumstances under which conformism relativizes professionalism and erodes the boundaries between science and ideology, truth and falsehood - a problem interesting from the point of view of relations between scientists and tyrants (Plato and Dionysius, Voltaire and Friedrich, old lawyers and the Bolsheviks, etc.). With this approach, the article aims to determine the boundary between conformism and cooperation, identifying the factors that determine its transition in general and in Schmitt in particular.
Herbert Hart’s Theory of Definition in the Context of Analytical Legal Philosophy
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly Vasil'evich
Published: December 2019

The article presents Herbert Hart’s theory of definition in the context of modern analytical legal philosophy. Dissatisfaction with the applicability of the traditional method of definition by the genus and differentia to the elucidation of legal concepts led Hart to the development a new method of definition. It is shown that Hart not only modifies the paraphrase of Jeremy Bentham, but also tries to adapt to the analysis of legal concepts the definition in use borrowed from analytical philosophers and logicians. It has been established that the key point of Hart’s method is that instead of defining a separate term, it is necessary to consider a statement, where the utterance plays a characteristic role, and is explained by specifying the conditions under which the entire statement is true. Some difficulties that arise when one uses this definition in the framework of the truth-conditional semantics are considered. In particular, it is shown that Hart uses open sentences of the form “X has a right” in its definition, which differ from closed sentences, primarily because they contain free variables with indefinite range of values. This uncertainty does not allow us to attribute to them the truth-value. The concepts of truth and falsity apply only to statements that are expressed by closed sentences. Thus, Hart’s claim of a special semantic nature of legal concepts and a special epistemological task of definitions in jurisprudence is reflected in his theory of the truth-conditional definition - a kind of contextual definition.
PENERAPAN MODEL EVALUASI KIRKPATRICK EMPAT LEVEL DALAM MENGEVALUASI PROGRAM DIKLAT DI BALAI BESAR PELATIHAN PERTANIAN (BBPP) LEMBANG
Authors: Ritonga Ramayana , Saepudin Asep , Wahyudin Uyu
Published: December 2019

Abstract: In Improving Human Resource Development (PSDM), the Lembang Center for Agricultural Training (BBPP) is the right place to carry out technical training and functional training in agriculture. It has been proven that BBPP Lembang has printed a lot of skilled workers in the field of agriculture, this can be used as an indicator of the success of this training institution, not only that, the welfare of the farmers has also increased. BBPP Lembang is one of the places that can be used as a job that helps reduce the number of people who do not get jobs. To improve the ongoing training and on target BBPP Lembang always conducts evaluation activities that aim to see the success of the programs that have been held and follow up on the weaknesses that were obtained when the evaluation process took place both at the beginning of the program and at the end of the program. The application of the Kirkpatrick Four Level Evaluation Model is used as a frame of reference for evaluating programs, where evaluations at levels 1 and 2 will produce information for the organization about conducting training both in the middle and the end. Whereas levels 3 and 4 produce information that focuses on the impact of training for organizations and trainees. Abstrak: Dalam Meningkatkan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (PSDM), Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian (BBPP) Lembang menjadi tempat yang tepat sasaran untuk melaksanakan pelatihan teknis dan pelatihan fungsional di bidang pertanian. Sudah terbukti BBPP Lembang banyak sekali mencetak tenaga yang handal dibidang pertanian, hal ini bisa dijadikan sebagai indicator keberhasilan dari lembaga diklat ini, bukan hanya itu, kesejahteraan para petani pun sudah meningkat. BBPP Lembang menjadi salah satu wadah yang bisa dijadikan sebagai lapangan kerja yang membantu mengurangi jumlah warga yang tidak mendapatkan pekerjaan. Untuk meningkatkan pelatihan berkelanjutan dan tepat sasaran BBPP Lembang senantiasa melakukan kegiatan evaluasi yang bertujuan melihat keberhasilan program yang telah diselenggarakan dan menindaklajuti kelemahan-kelemahan yang didapat ketika proses evaluasi berlangsung baik di awal program dan maupun diakhir program. Penerapan Model Evaluasi Kirkpatrick Empat Level dugunakan sebagai kerangka acuan untuk mengevaluasi program, dimana evaluasi pada level 1 dan 2 akan mengasilkan informasi untuk organisasi tentang penyelenggaraan pelatihan baik diwal-tengan dan akhir. Sedangkan pada level 3 dan 4 menghasilkan informasi yang berfokus pada dampak pelatihan bagi organisasi dan peserta pelatihan
Proses Pembelajaran Masyarakat Pada Program Konservasi Tanah
Authors: Setyoningrum Baruna , Sopingi Sopingi
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Common purpose of this research are to explained public learning process on preparation step of land conservation at DesaJetisLor. And the special purpose of this research are (1)to explain about the public learning process of land conservation social activity program at DesaJetis Lor (2) to know explain public learning process on large school activity of land conservation program at DesaJetisLor (3) to explain about public learning process on RKTD arrangement activity of land conservation at JetisLor.Qualitative approach case study type use in this research.Collecting data method by interview technique, observation and documentation.Analysis technique by data reduction, data display and conclusion.The result of this result show that (1) there is an informal learning process on program socialization process, (2) there is an nonformal learning process on SLKT program, (3) there is an informal learning process on RKTD arrangement processAbstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan proses pembelajaran masyarakat pada tahap persiapan program konservasi tanah di Desa Jetis Lor. Sedangkan tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menjelaskan proses pembelajaran masyarakat pada kegiatan sosialisasi program konservasi tanah di Jetis Lor (2) untuk menjelaskan  proses pembelajaran masyarakat pada kegiatan sekolah lapang pada program konservasi tanah di Desa Jetis Lor, (3) untuk menjelaskan proses pembelajaran masyarakat pada kegiatan penyusunan RKTD program konservasi tanah di Jetis Lor. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat proses pembelajaran informal di dalam proses sosialisasi program, (2) terdapat proses pembelajaran nonformal di dalam program Sekolah Lapang Konservasi Terpadu (SLKT), (3) terdapat proses pembelajaran informal didalam proses penyusunan Rencana Konservasi Tanah Desa (RKTD).
EFFECTS OF THE THREE TYPES OF SURFACTANTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANO-MODIFIED BENTONITE
Authors: ANAKLI Duygu
Published: December 2019

A new surface modification for sodium
bentonite clay (Na-Bent) was analyzed and the organo-modified bentonite clays
were obtained with the sequential mixture of cationic surfactants; these were
namely long chained (cethyltrimethylammonium bromide-CTAB), short chained
(tetraethylammonium bromide-TEAB) and ringed (benzyltriethylammonium
bromide-BTEAB) surfactants. These
modified organoclays were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
zeta potential analysis. It was seen that the highest basal spacing of the
organoclay was obtained by (CTAB+BTEAB) surfactants. The synergistic effect of
the surfactants on the interlayer space of the organoclay in terms of
developing novel clay based nanocomposites was investigated.
BRINELL INDENTATION DIAMETER MEASUREMENT WITHOUT USING an OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
Authors: KAYA Utku
Published: December 2019

The Brinell
hardness test method has been in common use for over 100 years. The Brinell
test method provides hardness measurement near the deformed or cracked zone. In
this work, there is an approach to obtaining several railway steel samples'
hardness by using a spherical indenter without optical measurement. Spherical
indentation diameter is commonly effected by sink-in and pile-up effect that
influences optical measurement negatively. Because of that, the purposed
approach aims to obtain average hardness values by using indentation and
relaxation curves.
Assessment of knowledge regarding hypertension and its preventive measures among students of Government Science College of North Gujarat region, India
Authors: Rathod Gaurang Gunvantbhai , Vadodariya Namrata J. , Thakor Nilesh
Published: December 2019

Background: Many adult health problems e.g. hypertension, diabetes has their early origins in early adulthood, because this is the time when lifestyles are formed.  Objective of this study was  to determine the level of awareness among college students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures before and after educational interventional training.Methods: An interventional study conducted in college students of Government Science college of Vadnagar city, Gujarat. Duration of the study was March to October 2019. Total 100 students between the age group of 17-19 were included after written informed consent. Baseline knowledge of students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures was assessed by pre-designed, pre-tested and semi structured questionnaire. Single educational interventional training for 45 minutes was given to selected students. Post- intervention knowledge of students for the same was assessed after training. Thus, collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Baseline knowledge of the students regarding normal range of blood pressure, risk factors of hypertension and signs and symptoms of hypertension was 21%, 30% and 40% respectively which was significantly increased to 64%, 79% and 72% respectively after educational intervention. Baseline knowledge of the students regarding preventive measures of hypertension like avoiding junk food/ healthy diet, exercise and meditation was 26%, 29% and 6% respectively which was significantly increased to 79%, 81% and 72% respectively after educational intervention.Conclusions: Efforts should be directed towards educating the college students about hypertension to change their lifestyles and reduce the incidence of hypertension in later life.
Incidence of mid facial fractures in armed forces personnel and their families: a retrospective five year study
Authors: Mehta Sandeep , Kumar Andrews Navin , Dua Gaurav , Sambyal Shanender Singh
Published: December 2019

Background: Incidences of mid facial fractures in armed forces personnel and their families is rising due to increase in motorized population and high speed road traffic. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, etiology, diagnosis, management and complication of mid facial fractures.

Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted at tertiary dental care center at Pathankot, Bathinda and Kolkata. Total of 511 cases of midfacial fractures were managed at this centre. 87% of patients were managed with open reduction and internal fixation and 13% indirect reduction and conservative management. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.  

Results: 96% patients recovered uneventfully, while 4% patients had post-operative complications such as malocclusion, paraesthesia, enophthalmos, diplopia, facial asymmetry, palpability and exposure of implants.

Conclusions: The midface is composed of wafer thin sheets of cortical bones which get fractured easily. It is very important to obtain near to facial form, function and aesthetics by reconstructing the horizontal and vertical buttresses of face.

 
Effect of cadmium on collagen content and solubility in rat bone.
Authors: Galicka Anna , Brzóska Małgorzata M , Sredzińska Krystyna , Gindzienski Andrzej
Published: December 2019

The toxic action of cadmium in the bone tissue is known, but its mechanisms are still unexplained. We examined whether Cd influences collagen content and its solubility in the femoral bone of three-week-old female rats exposed to 5 or 50 mg Cd/l in drinking water. Non-cross linked collagen was extracted with 0.5 M acetic acid, and two acid-insoluble collagen fractions were extracted with pepsin and 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, respectively. SDS/PAGE showed the presence of two collagen types, I and V, in all three extracted fractions. Exposure of rats to Cd for 6 months increased the amount of acid-soluble collagens type I and V and decreased the level of acid-insoluble collagens. The amount of total collagen extracted from the bones of rats exposed to 50 mg Cd/l was reduced by about 14% as compared to control and those intoxicated with 5 mg Cd/l. The solubility of type I bone collagen (determined as the percentage of acetic-soluble fraction of total collagen) was increased 2.9- and 3.0-fold in rats intoxicated with 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively. Similarly, the solubility of type V collagen was increased 2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that Cd treatment affects bone collagen by decreasing its content and increasing its solubility.
Serum Free Zinc as A Predictor for Excessive Function of Pancreatic Beta-Cells in Central-Obese Men
Authors: Rahman Miftakh Nur , Sukmawati Indriyanti Rafi , Puspitasari Irma Melyani , Fattah Miswar
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Central obesity is known as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its development is influenced by many factors such as a progressive failure of pancreatic beta cell function. The beta cells increase their function to secret insulin along T2DM development to compensate before it becomes exhausted. Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in beta cell function and insulin secretion. The majority of Zn in serum are bound to protein which is not readily available interact with cells. The free Zn in serum has been suggested as being more representative than total Zn in beta cell function. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between serum free Zn and homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function (HOMA-B) and to predict the pancreatic beta cell function in the development of T2DM.METHODS: This study was designed as an observational with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were centrally obese men aged 30-50 years and who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the screening tests. Control subjects were lean men without T2DM. Serum free Zn and serum total Zn were measured by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).RESULTS: There was positive correlation between serum free Zn and HOMA-B (R=0.361, p-value<0.001) but there was no correlation between serum total Zn and HOMA-B (R=-0.062, p-value=0.563). This study found that if the concentration of serum free Zn >1.7 ug/dL in central obese men was suggested as an excessive function of pancreatic beta cell and as an early warning before its exhausted.CONCLUSION: This study suggested that serum free Zn had a correlation with beta cell function and had a predictive ability for beta cell excessive function before its exhausted.KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HOMA-B, serum free zinc, central obesity
Correlation of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Irisin, Oxidized-LDL and HDL Level in ≥50 Years Old Obese Men
Authors: Semadhi Made Putra , Barliana Melisa Intan , Muliaty Dewi , Wijaya Andi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Irisin is secreted by our muscle during physical exercise, which has been recently studied to be linked with lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin that interact with the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels that are affected by moderate intensity exercise in obese men aged ≥50 years.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 70 obese men whose age ≥50 years old as participants. Participants were classified into two groups of men with and without physical exercised, based on American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Irisin and ox-LDL plasma levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile the HDL-C serum level was analyzed using homogenous enzymatic methods.RESULTS: The result showed an association between the duration of physical exercise per week and irisin level (R=0.584, p<0.01), also between the duration of physical excercise per week and ox-LDL level (R=-0.274, p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was a negative association between irisin levels and ox-LDL (R=-0.294, p<0.05). Irisin indicated to be correlated with HDL-C (R=0.215, p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity physical exercise may decrease cardiovascular risk and improve the quality of life among obese subjects aged ≥50 years old, which was indicated by the decrease of ox-LDL and the increase of irisin level. In addition, it can be concluded that the higher the irisin level showed the lower levels of ox-LDL and higher level of HDL-C.KEYWORDS: obesity, elderly, irisin, ox-LDL, HDL-C, physical exercise
Protective Effect of Curcumin on Quality Parameters of Sperm and Testicular Tissue Alterations in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats as Animal Model
Authors: Sadoughi Damoon , Edalatmanesh Mohammad Amin , Rahbarian Raheleh
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Type one diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem disorder whose effects are observed in the reproductive system. Considering the role of curcumin in lowering blood glucose and enhancing antioxidant defense, this research aimed to determine protective effect of curcumin on quality parameters of sperm and testicular tissue alterations in diabetic rats.METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including control (healthy rats), DM (for diabetic model), and also curcumin-treated diabetic model (DM+CUR)50, DM+CUR100 and DM+CUR150. Diabetes was induced using an intraperitoneal injection of 240 mg/ kg alloxan. Following completion of the test period, all rats were sacrificed, and their testes were removed to assess sperm parameters and histological evaluation. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. The p<0.05 was set as the significance level.RESULTS: Concentration, total sperm motility (TMot), progressive sperm motility (PMot), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL) of sperm in DM+CUR100 and DM+CUR150 were significantly increased (p=0.005) compared to the diabetic group. Mean diameter (p=0.004) and thickness of the germline epithelium of testis semeniferous tubules (p=0.005) in DM+CUR100 and DM+CUR150 significantly increased compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that curcumin plays a protective role in testicular tissue alterations and improves sperm parameters. In this regard, curcumin could be suggested to be one of the natural antioxidants that can improve fertility in diabetic patients.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, curcumin, spermatozoa, testis, rats
Red Meats and Processed Meat as the Carcinogenic Foods and Phytochemical-chemoprevention
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Along with its increased prevalence, in the past decade, cancer had joined the list of chronic debilitating diseases. Nutrition become substantial aspects, due to its time-dependent effect to modulate inflammation thus trigger carcinogenic effects by altering the immune check point. Thus, nutrition contributes to the progression and therapeutic response of cancer, both in human or animal models.CONTENT: Meat is well favored food with appreciable appealing. Due to its high nutritional values it plays a central role in human development. Meat or meat derivate are important sources of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Their nutritional importance is worth compare to their economic impact but recent publication of WHO has set the social alarm about the relationship between red and/or processed meat consumption and cancer. On the other side, some natural or biologic agents may inhibit or reverse tumor growth. Some phytochemical agents including curcumin, resveratrol, lycopene, folates and tea polyphenols clinically proved to tune the signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in transformed cells, enhance the host immune system and sensitize malignant cells to cytotoxic agents.SUMMARY: Recent studies on chemopreventive agents involves a wide range of molecules, natural (plants, fruits and vegetables) or synthetic will provide better insights for cancer early pathogenesis, important end-point biomarker, and finally potential for reducing the burden of cancer.KEYWORDS: blocking agents, suppressing agents, red meat, processed meat, chemoprevention, phytochemicals