bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Machine Learning Models in Detecting Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer’s Patients Using Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers
Authors: Tiwari Vivek K. , Indic Premananda , Tabassum Shawana
Published: December 2024

Several research studies have demonstrated the potential use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers such as amyloid beta 1-42, T-tau, and P-tau, in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease stages. The levels of these biomarkers in conjunction with the dementia rating scores are used to empirically differentiate the dementia patients from normal controls. In this work, we evaluated the performance of standard machine learning classifiers using cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels as the features to differentiate dementia patients from normal controls. We employed various types of machine learning models, that includes Discriminant, Logistic Regression, Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Naïve Bayes classifiers. The results demonstrate that these models can distinguish cognitively impaired subjects from normal controls with an accuracy ranging from 64% to 69% and an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics between 0.64 and 0.73. In addition, we found that the levels of 2 biomarkers, amyloid beta 1-42 and T-tau, provide a modest improvement in accuracy when distinguishing dementia patients from healthy controls.
A case of recurrent subdural hematoma after unilateral MMA embolization that resolved after contralateral MMA embolization
Authors: Senol Yigit Can , Asghariahmadabad Mona , Cooke Daniel L , Savastano Luis E
Published: December 2024

Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) is rapidly emerging as a valuable intervention to decrease the risk of recurrent subdural hematoma (SDH) after surgical evacuation. The role of upfront bilateral MMAe for unilateral SDH and the value of contralateral MMAe after SDH recurrence post evacuation and ipsilateral MMAe are still unknown. Here, we report the case of an elderly patient that presented with a large acute on chronic SDH and underwent surgical drainage and ipsilateral MMAe (with Contour PVA particles, 150–250 µm). At one month follow-up, he was found to have a significant radiographic recurrence of the SDH with interval acute hemorrhage. Angiography revealed complete occlusion of the trunk of the previously embolized ipsilateral MMA, and the presence of robust anastomotic branches from the contralateral MMA crossing the midline to collateralize patent distal branches of the previously embolized MMA. Decision was made to proceed with contralateral MMAe, which resulted in near complete SDH resolution at 6 months follow-up.
Recanalization of occluded right innominate vein in presence of a persistent LeVeen shunt: A vascular access rescue case
Authors: Menegolo Mirko , Spertino Andrea , Menara Sabrina , Squizzato Francesco , Antonello Michele , Maturi Carlo
Published: December 2024

Background

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCs) is a common complication in hemodialysis patients due to central vein occlusions, often caused by prior catheterizations. Management can be challenging.

Objective

To describe a successful endovascular approach to managing SVCs caused by right innominate vein (RIV) occlusion in a hemodialysis patient with a non-functional LeVeen shunt.

Method

An 80-year-old dialysis patient with upper limb edema and vascular access dysfunction was diagnosed with complete RIV occlusion around a long-standing LeVeen shunt. Recanalization was achieved via a percutaneous approach, including angioplasty and placement of a balloon-expandable covered stent, leaving the LeVeen shunt in situ to reduce risks.

Results

The procedure restored venous patency and improved vascular access functionality. Postoperative imaging confirmed excellent stent positioning and reduced venous congestion. At a 6-month follow-up, central vein patency was maintained.

Conclusion

Endovascular recanalization is a safe and effective strategy for managing SVCs, even with a retained central venous device. This approach preserved vascular access and ensured successful long-term dialysis, offering insights for treating complex venous occlusions.
Technical note: Improving orbital atherectomy efficacy for calcified nodules using a curved guide catheter
Authors: Iiya Munehiro , Kobayashi Isshi , Onishi Yuko
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Endovascular therapy (EVT) for calcified nodules in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains challenging in achieving favorable outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of orbital atherectomy (OA) for calcified nodules using an IM catheter to precisely control the device and achieve optimal engagement with the target lesion.

Methods

We performed EVT for a calcified nodule in the right common femoral artery using an OA. Due to the large vessel size, controlling the OA to effectively engage the lesion was challenging. To overcome this, we utilized an IM catheter to guide the OA toward the target lesion.

Results

The use of the IM catheter successfully directed the OA to the calcified lesion, resulting in significant lumen enlargement. The procedure was completed without any complications, and the OA achieved effective debulking of the calcified nodule.

Conclusions

The combination of OA and IM catheter facilitated effective contact with the target lesion, improving the performance of the debulking device. This approach may enhance the management of calcified lesions in large-diameter arteries during EVT, potentially leading to better clinical outcomes.
Naming speed during language production in younger and older adults: Examining the effects of sentence context
Authors: Hanif Naveen , Jefferies Elizabeth , de Bruin Angela
Published: December 2024

Word retrieval during speech production has been found to slow down with ageing. Usually, words are produced in sentence contexts. The current studies examined how different sentence contexts influence lexical retrieval in younger and older adults. We also examined the potential influence of semantic knowledge and control on sentence-context effects. Study 1 was completed by 48 younger and 48 older adults. They named pictures that were preceded by a matched context (which predicted that specific target word), a mismatched context (predicting another word), a neutral context (that did not predict one specific word), or no context. In comparison to the neutral context, both younger and older adults’ word production was faster in matched contexts, suggesting both age groups benefitted from sentence contexts facilitating the retrieval of predictable words. Neither age group was slowed down by the mismatched contexts (compared to the neutral contexts), suggesting these contexts did not create (sufficient) interference to hinder lexical retrieval. In Study 2, participants completed measures of semantic knowledge, verbal fluency, semantic control, and inhibition. Older adults showed larger semantic knowledge but poorer inhibition and (on some measures) semantic control than younger adults. However, none of these measures predicted the sentence context effects observed in Study 1. Together, this suggests older adults’ lexical retrieval can continue to benefit from sentence contexts predictive of upcoming words during language production.
SCORE2 is superior to SCORE in predicting the presence of carotid plaques and intima-media thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study using carotid ultrasound
Authors: Campos Fernández Cristina , Fragío Gil Jorge Juan , González Mazarío Roxana , Martínez Calabuig Pablo , Román Ivorra José Andrés
Published: December 2024

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of premature mortality, primarily due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and its updated version SCORE2 are used to estimate CVD risk, these tools may not adequately capture the full cardiovascular risk profile in RA patients.

Objectives:

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of SCORE2 versus SCORE in predicting the presence of carotid plaques or increased intima-media thickness (IMT), as detected by ultrasound, in RA patients.

Design:

This was a single-center cross-sectional study and included adult RA patients with moderate to severe disease who initiated treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors or anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitors between September 2022 and April 2023.

Methods:

Both SCORE and SCORE2 were calculated for each patient. Carotid ultrasound examinations documented the presence of plaques, and IMT was measured.

Results:

A total of 122 patients were included. The mean SCORE was 2.48%, while SCORE2 was significantly higher at 4.07% ( p < 0.01). SCORE identified 12 (10%) patients as high risk, while SCORE2 identified 99 (81%). Atherosclerotic plaques were present in 34% ( n = 42) of participants. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking) were significantly associated with ultrasound-detected risk. In 87 cases where SCORE was underestimated, 34 patients (39%) classified as low–moderate risk by SCORE were correctly reclassified as high risk by SCORE2. However, 54 cases classified as high risk by SCORE2 had normal carotid ultrasounds. The sensitivity of SCORE for predicting plaque presence was 21%, compared to 100% for SCORE2. Combining SCORE with carotid ultrasound increased the detection of high-risk patients from 10% to 38%. However, adding carotid ultrasound to SCORE2 did not increase the detection rate beyond 81%.

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight the superior performance of SCORE2 compared to SCORE in identifying RA patients with carotid ultrasound abnormalities, thus indicating a higher cardiovascular risk.
Imperforate nasopharynx in a cat successfully treated with an extended palatoplasty
Authors: Hess Michal O
Published: December 2024

Case summary

A female intact domestic shorthair kitten was evaluated at 8 months of age for bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, stertor, open-mouth breathing and difficulty eating. Imperforate nasopharynx (INP) was diagnosed on oronasal examination under anesthesia. An extended palatoplasty was performed and resulted in resolution of the clinical signs.

Relevance and novel information

The extended palatoplasty procedure is relatively simple and very similar to the correction of soft palate elongation in brachycephalic dogs. It does not require special equipment and materials; therefore, it represents a viable, more readily available and cost-effective option for the treatment of INP. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case of INP that has been treated with extended palatoplasty.
In-Service Educators Making Sense of Risky Literature: The Cultural Politics of Positioning (Con)Texts During a Yearlong Antibias, Antiracist Book Club
Authors: Giunco Kierstin , Smith Kyle Patrick , Wargo Jon Michael
Published: December 2024

Amidst the backdrop of rising censorship legislation, it is important to understand the influence of teachers’ particular contexts on their perceptions of potentially controversial texts and subsequent instructional choices. This study explores five in-service teachers’ acts of positioning observed in year-long antibias antiracist professional book club, which facilitated educators’ access to such texts and opened space for imagining ways to incorporate them into classroom practice. The findings illuminate how teachers positioned their school’s moral framework, their responsibilities towards families, and specific texts as possible for classroom use. Furthermore, this study prompts critical reflection on the role of facilitators in revising contextual storylines while highlighting the persistent challenges of breaking free from entrenched storylines in pursuit of antibias antiracist pedagogy.
Beyond Alienation: Applying Karl Marx’s Perspicacity to Boost Employee Engagement
Authors: Palo Sasmita
Published: December 2024

In this scholarly enquiry, we delve into the confluence of Karl Marx’s theory of alienation and contemporary approaches to fostering employee engagement. It contends that Marx’s profound insights into the estrangement experienced by workers furnish a robust framework for comprehending and remedying workplace disengagement. By scrutinising the facets of alienation—such as detachment from the fruits of labour, the labour process itself, one’s inherent humanity and colleagues—this study identifies strategic interventions to cultivate a more dedicated and engaged workforce. Through a critical evaluation of modern organisational strategies, this paper proposes that addressing the foundational roots of alienation via empowerment, acknowledgement, meaningful tasks and supportive atmospheres can notably enhance employee engagement and organisational effectiveness.
Minds Acting Together To Enhance Resilience: Prevention Workshops for College Students
Authors: Garcia Ediza , Terrazas-Carrillo Elizabeth , Rodriguez Liabette A. , Vasquez Desi , Vera Alyssa , Verduzco Anthony V.
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of mental health disorders among Latinx college students combined with low mental health treatment utilization is cause for concern. Prevention programs that include culturally relevant information may serve as an entryway for mental health services. Mental health literacy provides mental health information paired with practical action steps that assist individuals in preventing and recognizing mental health disorders and seeking treatment. MATTER (Minds Acting Together To Enhance Resilience) was developed to provide culturally relevant mental health literacy, reduce stigma, build healthy coping strategies, and increase help-seeking among Latinx college students. This study presents the results of an initial validation study for the MATTER program. We found an increase in mental health knowledge and attitudes toward seeking psychological help in a sample of Latinx college students after completing all sessions of the MATTER program. We discuss results in the context of the need for mental health literacy in border communities, where psychological resources are scarce and stigma toward mental health supports is high. The present study suggests that prevention programs that provide mental health literacy tailored to Latinx cultural values may improve knowledge of mental health and increase help-seeking attitudes among Latinx college students.
The role of acupuncture in treating premature ejaculation and its probable neurobiological mechanism
Authors: Wang Anmin , Wang Hao , Ma Dongyue , Chang Hongyuan , Zhao Ziwei , Luo Dicheng , Wang Fu
Published: December 2024

Background

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common diseases in andrology and leads to serious male sexual dysfunction. Although several targeted oral drug therapies are used to treat PE, they often face challenges related to imprecise targeting and adverse effects. Acupuncture has shown potential in prolonging ejaculation time and improving couples' sexual quality of life. This review aims to summarize the benefits of acupuncture in treating PE and explore its probable neurobiological mechanisms.

Results

The review included eight clinical trials involving 679 patients, of which 294 were treated with acupuncture. Furthermore, this review analyzed acupuncture points, needle retention time, treatment duration, and their probable neurobiological mechanisms. The proposed mechanisms include stimulating the frontal functional lobe, inhibiting spinal cord neural pathways, regulating serotonin levels, enhancing 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor IB excitability, reducing penile sensitivity, and modulating hormone levels.

Conclusions

Acupuncture is a viable alternative or complementary therapy for PE, and neurobiological mechanisms appear to play a key role, but further experimental validation is needed.
Anti-septin complex positive autoimmune encephalitis after severe falciparum malaria: a case report
Authors: Kalbitz Sven , Arlt Friederike A. , Wolf Johannes , Corty Merle , Prüss Harald , Lübbert Christoph
Published: December 2024

Background

Post malaria neurologic syndrome (PMNS) is a rare complication of malaria, usually caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The clinical picture is highly variable and ranges from qualitative disturbances of consciousness and psychosis to damage to the peripheral nerves, usually occurring three to eight weeks after treated malaria.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 54-year-old male who presented with recurrent clinical symptoms three and a half weeks after severe falciparum malaria. After ruling out recurrent malaria, autoimmune encephalitis was suspected. Corticosteroid therapy led to a rapid improvement of the clinical symptoms. The extended examinations (including cranial MRI and FDG-PET/CT) revealed no pathological findings. Routine serologic autoimmune diagnostics remained negative. However, anti-septin complex antibodies were detected in the serum in a cell-based and a tissue-based immunofluorescence assay. Twelve months after discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy, the patient was free of immunosuppressants and completely asymptomatic.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first case of septin complex autoimmunity with encephalitis associated with PMNS. All physicians treating malaria patients should therefore be aware of this rare condition and consider extended autoimmune diagnostics if routine panels remain unremarkable.
Systematic review of peri-implant conditions and aesthetic outcomes of customized versus conventional healing abutments
Authors: Ruhstorfer Miriam , Güth Jan-Frederik , Stimmelmayr Michael , Waltenberger Lukas , Schubert Oliver , Graf Tobias
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Customized healing abutments are utilized to enhance aesthetics and peri-implant soft and hard tissue health, and play a crucial role in the implant-prosthetic workflow. This systematic review was performed to assess and compare the clinical outcomes of customized healing abutments with conventional ones.

Methods

The review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024532449) and followed the PRISMA-guidelines. The PICO-question addressed was: “In patients with dental implants, do customized healing abutments result in beneficial peri-implant conditions compared with conventional healing abutments?” Clinical trials involving immediate and late implant placement that compared different healing abutments based on quantifiable outcomes were included. The “PubMed”, “PubMed Central”, “Cochrane Library”, and “Web of Science databases” were screened for eligible studies until 4/20/2024.

Results

Of 1,396 titles retrieved, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The included studies showed a low risk of bias as assessed by the RoB2 tool and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment questionnaire. Compared to conventional healing abutments, customized abutments were associated with a trend toward better clinical outcomes in peri-implant soft and hard tissue, as well as aesthetics. Several results within the cohorts using customized healing abutments showed significantly improved values in soft and hard tissue results as well as aesthetic parameters. Importantly, none of the included studies reported biological or aesthetic disadvantages associated with the use of customized healing abutments.

Conclusions

Customized healing abutments maintain stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissue. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to validate these findings.

Graphical Abstract
The paradox of hikikomori through a transcultural lens
Authors: Nagai Yoko , Kartar Amy , Pfaff Magdalena , Elkholy Hussien
Published: December 2024

This article appraises cultural understanding and controversies regarding hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal), with reference to research over the past 20 years. Initially viewed as a uniquely Japanese phenomenon, hikikomori is now recognised globally, prompting a re-evaluation of its cultural, psychological and socioeconomic demographics. A revision in lifestyle after the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing technological advancements – particularly the rise of social media, gaming and the internet – have paradoxically both exacerbated isolation and provided new forms of social interaction for young adults who confine themselves at home. This phenomenon underlines the complex interplay between putative individual psychopathology, neurodiversity and broader societal shifts across the globe.
Comparative Analysis of Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Models in Oncogene-Driven Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Introducing the Generative Artificial Intelligence Performance Score
Authors: Hamilton Zacharie , Aseem Aseem , Chen Zhengjia , Naffakh Noor , Reizine Natalie M. , Weinberg Frank , Jain Shikha , Kessler Larry G. , Gadi Vijayakrishna K. , Bun Christopher , Nguyen Ryan H.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

Precision oncology in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) relies on biomarker testing for clinical decision making. Despite its importance, challenges like the lack of genomic oncology training, nonstandardized biomarker reporting, and a rapidly evolving treatment landscape hinder its practice. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, offers promise for enhancing clinical decision support. Effective performance metrics are crucial to evaluate these models' accuracy and their propensity for producing incorrect or hallucinated information. We assessed various ChatGPT versions' ability to generate accurate next-generation sequencing reports and treatment recommendations for NSCLC, using a novel Generative AI Performance Score (G-PS), which considers accuracy, relevancy, and hallucinations.

METHODS

We queried ChatGPT versions for first-line NSCLC treatment recommendations with an Food and Drug Administration–approved targeted therapy, using a zero-shot prompt approach for eight oncogenes. Responses were assessed against National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for accuracy, relevance, and hallucinations, with G-PS calculating scores from –1 (all hallucinations) to 1 (fully NCCN-compliant recommendations). G-PS was designed as a composite measure with a base score for correct recommendations (weighted for preferred treatments) and a penalty for hallucinations.

RESULTS

Analyzing 160 responses, generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-4 outperformed GPT-3.5, showing higher base score (90%
v
60%;
P
< .01) and fewer hallucinations (34%
v
53%;
P
< .01). GPT-4's overall G-PS was significantly higher (0.34
v
–0.15;
P
< .01), indicating superior performance.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the rapid improvement of generative AI in matching treatment recommendations with biomarkers in precision oncology. Although the rate of hallucinations improved in the GPT-4 model, future generative AI use in clinical care requires high levels of accuracy with minimal to no room for hallucinations. The GP-S represents a novel metric quantifying generative AI utility in health care compared with national guidelines, with potential adaptation beyond precision oncology.
Unbearable Speech
Authors: Huffer Lynne
Published: December 2024

What happens to ethical discourse when it begins by interrogating the givenness of the moral subject? This question lies at the heart of Butler’s ethics. The stakes of that question emerge most saliently in Butler’s reading of Foucault in Giving an Account of Oneself, where they engage, specifically, a famous Foucauldian line from 1968: “Discourse is not life; its time is not yours.” How might we read, today, the political stakes of Butler’s ethical uptake of Foucault against the backdrop of the anti-authoritarian, anticolonial 1960s Tunisian scene that gave rise to Foucault’s comments about discourse and time? Responding to this question, this essay reframes Foucault’s antihumanism as explicitly anticolonial. In doing so, it brings to the fore crucial differences and overlaps between Foucault and Butler with regard to subjectivity, politics, and the question of the human.
Olfactory inputs regulate Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis
Authors: Sadanandappa Madhumala K. , Bosco Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Drosophila female germline development and maintenance require both local stem cell niche signaling and systemic regulation. Here, we show the indispensable function of the Drosophila melanogaster olfactory circuit in normal oogenesis and fecundity. Lack of olfactory inputs during development causes a reduction in germline stem cells. Although germline stem cells proliferate normally, the germline cysts undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis, leading to decreased follicle production and egg-laying in flies with defective olfaction. Strikingly, activation of olfactory circuits is sufficient to boost egg production, demonstrating that chemosensory-activated brain-derived inputs promote gamete development. Given the energy demands of oogenesis and its direct consequence on fitness, we propose that olfactory-stimulated systemic regulation evolved tightly with downstream diet-responsive pathways to control germline physiology in response to nutritional status. Additionally, these findings raise the possibility that sensory-mediated stem cell maintenance is a generalizable mechanism spanning a myriad of neuronal circuits, systems and species.
Disputa ideológica en la Comisión Ortúzar: Autoritarios contra moderados
Authors: Quevedo Osvaldo
Published: December 2024

Se examinan las posiciones político-ideológicas de quienes integraron la comisión que redactó la Constitución pinochetista de 1980. Empleando un diseño documental de fuentes primarias y estudiando los corpus a través de Análisis Crítico del Discurso, se reconocen y describen dos posiciones ideológicas generales enfrentadas: una autoritaria, hegemónica, y una moderada. Mientras la primera da cuenta de la alianza entre conservadurismo católico y neoliberalismo monetarista, la segunda aparece como continuidad de los sentidos comunes demorepublicanos del período nacional-desarrollista en Chile (1938-1973). Se discuten los resultados y su relevancia en términos sociopolíticos e historiográficos.
A Graphical Point Process Framework for Understanding Removal Effects in Multi-Touch Attribution
Authors: Tao Jun , Chen Qian , Snyder James W. , Kumar Arava Sai , Meisami Amirhossein , Xue Lingzhou
Published: December 2024

Marketers rely on various online advertising channels to reach customers and are increasingly interested in multi-touch attribution, which evaluates the contribution of each touchpoint to a conversion. However, as the numbers of marketing channels and touchpoints increase, the attribution challenge becomes more intricate because of the complex interplay among different touchpoints within and across channels. Utilizing customer path-to-purchase data, this article addresses this challenge by developing a novel graphical point process framework to investigate the relational structure among various touchpoints. Based on this framework, we propose graphical attribution methods that allocate attribution scores to individual touchpoints or corresponding channels for each customer’s path to purchase. These scores are calculated using a probabilistic definition of removal effects. We evaluate the proposed methods and compare their performance with commonly used attribution models through extensive simulation studies and a real-world attribution application.

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-2210775]. Additionally, the research of L. Xue was partly supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants DMS-1811552 and DMS-1953189].

Supplemental Material: The electronic companion and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00457 .
Education in Public Health: using Interprofessional Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination (ITOSCE) as an evaluation for collaborative practice
Authors: Gontijo Eliane Dias , Rocha Najara Barbosa da , Moreira Alexandra Dias , Arantes Paula Machado , Oliveira Helian Nunes , Palmier Andrea Clemente , Freitas Giselle Lima , Senna Maria Inês Barreiros , Aguiar Raphael Augusto Teixeira , Freire Filho José Rodrigues , Ferreira Fabiane Ribeiro
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the experience of simulated interprofessional pedagogical activity conducted at a Brazilian public universihty. This was an exploratory study with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Undergraduate students from Nursing, Physiotherapy, Medicine and Dentistry courses were invited to take the Inter-Professional Team Objective Structured Clinical Exam (ITOSCE). The students per group, were observed in stations, with twenty minutes in duration, containing daily problem situations in Primary Health Care. Feedback was performed at the stations and expected performance reviewed. Process evaluation included: an opinion questionnaire; application of the Readiness Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and a focus group. The questionnaire was responded by 40 students (26.1 ± 5.26 years) and had a high average (90% of the distributed points), which reveals that the experience was considered positive. A high RIPLS score was also observed (87%), which indicates that students are available for IPE. In the focus group, students empathized ITOSCE as a training device with the capacity to develop important collaborative skills, while acknowledging the need for interprofessional communication to qualify health work. Results showed that students demonstrated positive attitudes towards collaborative work. The simulated experiment was adequate for observing collaborative skills and teamwork and resulted in an educational impact.
ChatGTP – inimigo ou aliado na educação?
Authors: Grunewald Sabrine Teixeira Ferraz
Published: December 2024

O ChatGPT, desenvolvido pela OpenAI, é um modelo de linguagem de inteligência artificial com 175 bilhões de parâmetros. Lançado em novembro de 2022, ele é capaz de fornecer respostas em texto semelhantes a uma conversa com o usuário. Suas possibilidades de uso são amplas, permitindo que os usuários solicitem redações, correções, resumos, traduções e até mesmo poemas, músicas e textos para publicação na internet. No entanto, surgem preocupações éticas e educacionais com o uso da ferramenta. Como determinar se uma redação foi escrita pelo aluno ou pelo ChatGPT? Como ensinar habilidades como pesquisa, pensamento crítico e escrita em um contexto em que a IA pode realizar tarefas facilmente? Surge a necessidade de repensar as estratégias de ensino e aprendizado. Uma abordagem promissora é a sala de aula invertida, em que os alunos adquirem conhecimento fora da sala de aula por meio de recursos como videoaulas e leituras, enquanto o tempo em sala de aula é utilizado para aprofundar conceitos, promover discussões e orientar os alunos no desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais. É preciso que educadores, em todos os níveis de ensino, estejam atentos ao crescimento dos algoritmos de inteligência artificial e estejam preparados para lidar com esses avanços em sala de aula.
Atenção à população em situação de rua em unidades de saúde da família: a percepção de trabalhadores da saúde
Authors: Ferreira Pollyanna Cristine Dias , Fernandez Ana Julia Nociti Lopes , Sarreta Fernanda de Oliveira , Carreta Regina Yoneko Dakuzaku , Ferreira Janise Braga Barros
Published: December 2024

A complexidade do fenômeno situação de rua reforça a importância de políticas públicas para o seu efetivo enfrentamento e requer uma resposta global urgente, por retratar a negação da dignidade humana e a privação de direitos, com repercussões para a saúde. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a atenção à saúde prestada à população em situação de rua, em unidades de saúde da família, na perspectiva de trabalhadores da saúde e identificar estratégias e dificuldades para abordagem dessa população. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em unidades de saúde da família, de um município de grande porte do interior paulista, em 2020. Notou-se que há barreiras sociais e organizacionais ao acesso à saúde dessas pessoas, as quais podem causar a diminuição da busca pelo cuidado. As equipes de saúde pouco identificaram a demanda dessa população em suas unidades e não realizaram atividades de capacitação sobre a temática. Pela falta de formação, os trabalhadores não utilizavam a janela de oportunidade para tratar as condições de saúde e realizavam o atendimento com base nas situações de urgência. Pode-se dizer que a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços e a falta de formação específica do trabalhador da saúde constituem um ciclo que se perpetua na negação do direito à saúde dessa população. É preciso oferecer momentos formativos sobre a temática, para mudanças no processo de trabalho e na programação e oferta de ações assistenciais, de promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos e de redução de danos, fundamentadas na especificidade desse grupo populacional.
Desperdício de alimentos em um hospital da região noroeste do Paraná
Authors: Godoy Carolina de Fátima Mantovani , Santos Bárbara Larissa dos , Izeppi Kamila , Vasques Crislayne Teodoro , Ferrari Ariana
Published: December 2024

O desperdício de alimentos nos hospitais é uma questão preocupante que demanda políticas e práticas eficazes para garantir o uso responsável dos recursos alimentares e a redução do impacto ambiental. Objetivou-se através desse trabalho analisar o desperdício de alimentos em um hospital da Região Noroeste do Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante 14 dias distintos, com os servidores da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), clínica médica (pacientes e acompanhantes) e pediatria (acompanhantes). Foi quantificado a sobra limpa e suja do refeitório, realizado o cálculo do resto-ingesta e estimado a quantidade de pessoas que poderiam ser alimentadas com as sobras sujas e resto-ingesta. Os resultados encontrados para o resto-ingesta dos servidores da UTI foram de 16,3% no almoço e 27,5% no jantar, para os pacientes 36,7% do almoço e 34,8% no jantar, e dos acompanhantes 23,7% no almoço e 32,8% no jantar, valores esses acima dos preconizados na literatura. As dietas hipossódica e geral no almoço apresentam as maiores porcentagens médias de resíduos. Em relação aos diferentes setores, na UTI o resto-ingesta foi significativamente maior no jantar (27,5%) do que no almoço (16,3%). Com a sobra suja do refeitório, 35 refeições/dia a mais poderiam ser servidas. Com o resto-ingesta de todos os setores avaliados, 74 refeições/dia a mais. Os percentuais de desperdício encontrados no presente estudo estão acima do recomendado pela literatura. Assim, o planejamento e controle do desperdício deve ser incentivado diariamente, objetivando menores custos para a instituição e redução de danos ao meio ambiente.
Assessment of calprotectin levels preceding and succeeding colonoscopy
Authors: Joukar Farahnaz , Mohsenifar Hadi , Maroufizadeh Saman , Shahdkar Milad , Goorabzarmakhi Mahdi Orang , Khoshsorour Mahmoud , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
Published: December 2024

Background:

Faecal calprotectin (FC) is an easily applicable faecal surrogate marker of intestinal inflammation; it has provided a new means for objectively assessing disease activity in patients with various bowel diseases. In this study, the authors assessed levels of FC before colonoscopy preparation, during bowel cleansing and 1 week after colonoscopy.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 individuals referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, for colonoscopy between 2021 and 2022. For all individuals, stool sampling was repeated three times before colonoscopy, during bowel preparation and 1 week after colonoscopy. All demographical and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire. FC results, colonoscopy and pathology findings were also recorded.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 48.22±11.69 years and approximately 62.1% were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the average levels of FC before colonoscopy preparation, during bowel cleansing and 1 week after colonoscopy (P>0.05). The average amount of FC at different time points was not significantly different in patients with abnormal histopathological results compared to individuals with normal findings (P>0.05).

Conclusions:

The study findings suggest that bowel cleansing and colonoscopy do not significantly alter FC levels.
Journal scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: December 2024

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
Play with ideas
Authors: Keyte-Hartland Debi
Published: December 2024

What is ‘thinking with materials’, and how do children do this? In the second part of this series, Debi Keyte-Hartland finds out
Learning to hope
Authors: Jozwiak Gabriella
Published: December 2024

What a morning session looks like at one school in a war-torn region of Ethiopia, where starvation is a real risk. By Gabriella Jozwiak
Joy of reading
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2024

The new Children's Laureate, Frank Cottrell-Boyce, tells Annette Rawstrone why he believes in books' ability to change children's lives for the better
For one and all
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: December 2024

How can early years settings update their resources indoors and outside in order to meet the individual needs of children as well as being sustainable? Karen Hart reports
Nursery World visits…: Guildford Nursery School and Family Centre
Authors: Weinstein Nicole , Bruce Tina
Published: December 2024

Nicole Weinstein takes a walk around Guildford Nursery School with Professor Tina Bruce to see Froebelian practice in action
Life changing
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: December 2024

The story of how two women managed to set up a much-needed nursery in a deprived area of London in the 1970s, and campaigned to keep it going. By Caroline Vollans
Well fed
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: December 2024

Amid a cost-of-living crisis and rising health concerns, how are nurseries ensuring that their children are eating healthy, nutritious meals? Karen Hart finds out
making ends meet – part 3: Branch out
Authors: Jones Leah
Published: December 2024

In part three of our series, we look at how providers in Wales delivering the country's various funded places are diversifying what they offer to stay afloat. By Leah Jones
Justifying charges
Authors: Jozwiak Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Our panel discuss how to explain extra charges to parents. By Gabriella Jozwiak
Successful resolution of acute postrenal azotemia from iatrogenic bilateral ureteric ligation in a cat managed with peritoneal dialysis
Authors:   Surgery Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkhen campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Darayen Natcha , Budsayaplakom Pharkpoom ,   Surgery Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkhen campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Niyatiwatchanchai Nutawan ,   Surgery Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkhen campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Koatsang Nattika ,   Anesthesia Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkhen campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Rattanamatee Tirapa ,   Urology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkhen campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Thitiyanaporn Chaiyakorn ,   Department of Companion Animals Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: December 2024

This report describes a neutered 1-year-old female Scottish Fold cat exhibiting oliguria, lethargy, and severe depression following ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Laboratory tests showed severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and azotemia. Ultrasonography revealed hydronephrosis, hydroureter on both sides, and stenosis near the urinary bladder. Abdominal exploration revealed that both ureters were ligated. Iatrogenic bilateral ureteral ligation was diagnosed based on the abdominal exploration results. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was performed immediately upon recovery from anesthesia. After three consecutive days of PD, azotemia and anuria resolved by the sixth day post-operation, and the patient was discharged the following day. After 7 months of follow-up, the patient exhibited no clinical signs or abnormal laboratory parameters indicative of azotemia. This report demonstrates that PD is a safe, effective, and easily performed procedure for resolving postrenal azotemia resulting from iatrogenic bilateral ureteral ligation in cats, which can be initiated once the patient has recovered from surgery. Furthermore, this report also describes the patient management protocol, PD drain placement method, and peritoneal dialysis protocol, all of which can be implemented in clinical practice.
The current and advanced situation of ram semen quality in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka, Postcode-1215, Bangladesh, Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Bari Farida Yeasmin ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Postcode- 2202, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to survey the literature on Bangladeshi rams’ semen characteristics, quality evaluation, and production required for sheep breeding and production strategy programs. The ram potentiality must be assessed to optimize production performance and maximize stakeholders’ use of high genetic values. This is usually accomplished through an andrological examination of the male, which evaluates the characteristics and quality of the sperm produced. Microscopic semen evaluations, such as sperm motility, viability, normal morphology, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity, and macroscopic semen evaluations, such as semen volume, color, and pH, enable the identification and removal of clear-cut cases of male infertility or subfertility. Therefore, the current paper reviewed, discussed, summarized, and compared all the research performed on Bangladeshi rams’ semen characteristics, quality evaluation, and production.
Sobre o Problema de Platão, o Movimento Retrógrado dos Planetas e os Sistemas de Mundo, Geocêntrico e Heliocêntrico
Authors: Da Rocha-Poppe Paulo César , Guimarães Santos Maria Amanda , Fernandes Martin Vera Aparecida , Geraldête Pereira Marildo , Vani Leister Nelson
Published: December 2024

A descrição do movimento planetário representou um grande desafio para os astrônomos de diferentes gerações, desde os filósofos gregos da Antiguidade aos pioneiros da Cosmologia moderna. A base do problema observacional estava na percepção de um movimento retrógrado dos planetas no céu, postulado por Platão no século IV a.C., e que foi contextualizado ao longo do tempo por dois modelos rivais: a teoria geocêntrica de Ptolomeu e a heliocêntrica de Copérnico, ambos isentos de interpretações divinas ou místicas, mas fundamentados na racionalidade, em observações e aspectos geométricos e matemáticos. Embora represente um importante capítulo na História da Astronomia, salientamos a ausência do mesmo nos livros didáticos como parte da desejável formação histórico-científica dos estudantes da Educação Básica. Diante dessa constatação, apresentamos uma descrição do problema de Platão (movimento retrógrado dos planetas) alinhado com o eixo formativo 'Contextualização Social, Cultural e Histórica' da BNCC.
Bimodal Presentation of Septic Shoulder as Shoulder Dislocation in Children
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma & Spine Surgery Unit, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hassan Md. Rakibul , Rabbi Qaisur ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Centre of Rehabilitation for Paralyzed, Savar & Mirpur-14, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hasina Ayesha ,   Department of Paediatric & Neonatology, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hasan Mehedi ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Ahsania Mission Cancer Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Rahma Mahfoozur ,   Department of Trauma & Paediatric Orthopaedics, Eastern Medical Collage & Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The presence of a largely cartilaginous humeral head in children makes it difficult to diagnose septic arthritis of the shoulder.
Patients and methods: We conducted a case note review of five patients who presented with septic arthritis of shoulder joint.
Results: The age of the affected children ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Patients presented on average after 22 days from onset of symptoms. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained on pus culture. All cases were treated operatively by arthrotomy and drainage along with appropriate antibiotic administration for a period of 6 weeks.
Conclusion: Successful treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder was achieved in all cases. At an average follow-up of 6 months, good outcome was noted with restoration of full range of shoulder movements.
Keywords: Septic shoulder, Children, Shoulder dislocation
Functional Outcome after Revision Surgery for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Bhaskar Atul
Published: December 2024

Background: Failure after primary DDH surgery can occur early or immediate, delayed (within six months) and late due to poor remodelling. We report the short-term results after revision surgery in eighteen children including four early and 14 delayed failures.
Patient and Methods: Between 2002 and 2017, eighteen children (19 hips) underwent primary surgery at a mean age of 19 months (range: 9 months – 24 months). There were 12 girls and 6 boys in the study, with nine left and eight right sided dislocations. One child had bilateral dislocation. The mean age at revision surgery was 30 months (range: 22 months – 48 months).
Results: All cases were assessed with the modified Ponseti score to include squatting and cross-leg sitting. Eleven children (61%) were completely pain free, able to squat (Modified Ponseti score 1 and 2), three (17%) had mild limp and four (22%) had gross limitation of function. Avascular necrosis (AVN) was recorded according to Kalamchi and MacEwen criteria. Nine hips (50%) had mild AVN and six (33%) had coxa valga due to lateral physeal arrest.
The radiological outcome at final radiograph was based on Severin grade. Only 4 hips (22%) had a spherical head. Ten hips had moderate deformity (55%) and 5 hips (27%) had aspherical incongruency.
Conclusion: Early and delayed failures in DDH surgery are mainly due to inadequate initial exposure and poor hip stabilization techniques. About 50% of the revision cases had a satisfactory outcome on short term follow-up.
Keywords: Hip, Revision, Surgery, Function, Outcome
Sleeping Capitalism Away: On Private Property and the Fantasy of Idleness in Michal Ben-Naftali and Ottessa Moshfegh
Authors: Ronel Yoav
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The article deals with the dominant presence of feminine figures who choose to do nothing in recent Israeli literature. The article discusses this recurrent fantasy from a materialist perspective, arguing that it stems from changes in global capitalism's forms of production and neoliberal ideology. To do so, the article discusses the works of Israeli author Michal Ben-Naftali in which just such a reclining protagonist takes center stage, and the novel My Year of Rest and Relaxation written by the American author Ottessa Moshfegh, which follows a similar fantasy of "doing nothing." In doing so, the article shows how recent dominant trends in Israeli literature should actually be understood from broad and global perspectives — the comparison of similar fantasies under ostensibly different cultural contexts serves as a form of historicizing. And, following, the article shows how the limits, contours, and contradictions of neoliberal capitalism are both expressed and repressed in Moshfegh's and Ben-Naftali's prose.