bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia y factores asociados a la inercia tera¬péutica en inicio de insulinización en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus II en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2018
Authors: Díaz Torres Andrea Estefanía , Duran Urdiales Thalía Alejandra
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus II is a global health issue, with no exception in Ecuador. The pharmacological treatment of DM2 is based on a stepped scheme, which varies according to the patients’ needs, the disease course, and the glycaemic control. The delay in the treatment intensification or the insulin initiation, known as therapeutic inertia, is caused by different factors attributable to both the patient and the health care systems, increasing the risk of both micro and macrovascular chronic complications. METHODS: we carried out an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlation study. 422 patients from the Endocrinology and Internal Medicine outpatient clinic of “Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga” in 2018, with DM2 diagnosis, who received two oral antidiabetic drugs as treatment were studied; with the purpose of identifying the frequency and associated factors with therapeutic inertia in these patients. Data was collected from medical records in a form designed for this study. The data analysis was made in the SPSS v.25 software, applying descriptive statistics and correlation statistics with Chi-square test, with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: 59.2% of the sample was 65 years or older, 54.7% were women, 46.7% were overweight and 36% were obese. 96.7% had three or more years of diagnosis of the disease, 63.7% had adequate glycaemic control. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, which occurred in 61.6% patients. 87% were using Metformin plus Glibenclamide as treatment. 86.3% were receiving their current treatment for more than three months. Therapeutic inertia presented in 25.8% of the sample, and of these cases, inertia was related to health personnel in 75.2%. CONCLUSION: therapeutic inertia presented in 25.8% of the sample. Most of the therapeutic inertias were related to the health personnel. No significant statistically association was found between the occurrence of therapeutic inertia with age, sex, educational level, comorbidities, nutritional status or years of evolution of DMII.
Frecuencia de anemia en expuestos perinatales al VIH en el Hospital Teofilo Dávila, El Oro-Ecuador, 2018
Authors: Noboa Tapia Miguel Oswaldo , Bravo Tinoco Karla María , Tapia Mora Santiago Andrés
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: HIV / AIDS is one of the most significant epidemics in the world; infection in children is the result of mother- to- child transmission in most of the cases. One of the proposed prophylaxis protocols recommends the administration of antiretroviral drugs, such as zidovudine, a drug that, among its side effects, causes anemia in a large percentage of patients who receive it. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anemia in newborns, perinatal exposed to HIV, who received zidovudine, at Hospital “Teófilo Dávila,” El Oro- Ecuador, in 2018. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out with 50 full-term neonates, delivered by C-section, exposed to HIV, with antiretroviral treatment that includes the use of zidovudine, hospitalized in the neonatology service of Hospital Teófilo Dávila, located in the city of Machala, in 2018. RESULTS: Of the entire population, 56% (n = 28) of the sample were males. The presence of anemia (hemoglobin ˂10g/dl) was demonstrated in 28 (56%) of the 50 patients in the sample, among patients with anemia 75% (n = 21) had normocytic anemia, 64% of the anemias (n = 18) were normochromic. CONCLUSION: 56% of the neonates exposed to HIV during pregnancy who received zidovudine, developed anemia; most of these anemias were normocytic and normochromic.
Prevalencia, clasificación y factores asociados a la hiponatremia en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de clínica del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2019
Authors: Sánchez León Juan Sebastián , Sacoto Molina Adrián Marcelo , Cazorla Dután Marco Vinicio
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is the most frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder; it has multiple etiologies, and it is important to study in order to define an adequate treatment. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, classification and factors associated with hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in the clinical service of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. METHODS: an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out with a sample of 347 patients, calculated with 95% confidence, 10% prevalence, inference error of 3%, in a population of 1 426 patients. Data was obtained from the institutional medical system (AS400) and analyzed with PSPP software. To determine the prevalence, hyponatremia was considered with sodium less than 135mEq/l, which was corrected according to glucose value. We calculated the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval, statistical significance was estimated when p value was <0.05. RESULTS: the average age was 62 years, the female sex represented 53.3% of the sample. The prevalence of hyponatremia was 25.9%. According to severity, mild forms represented 72.22%, moderate 16.67% and severe 11.11%; in terms of osmolarity, 98.89% were hypotonic. Associated factors with hyponatremia were: decompensated hypothyroidism (PR: 3.39, 95% CI = 2.42 - 4.75, p= < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (PR: 3.18, 95% CI = 2.25 - 4.48, p= < 0.001), kidney failure (PR: 2.46, 95% CI = 1.70 - 3.55, p= < 0.001), disorders that produce third space: sepsis or pancreatitis (PR: 2.00, 95% CI = 1.29 - 3.09, p = 0.006) and use of diuretics (PR: 1.86, 95% CI = 1.29 - 2.68, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: a quarter of the hospitalized patients presented hyponatremia, the mild form was the most frequent. Hyponatremia had a statistically significant association with decompensated hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, disorders that produce third space and use of diuretics.
Adenocarcinoma de células claras de glándula salival menor: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Vintimilla Pogo Yolanda Elisabeth , Bermejo Álvarez Angélica María , Sanmartín Cabrera Diego Gabriel , Murillo Bacilio Magdalí del Rocío
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Clear cell adenocarcinomas of the minor salivary glands are rare epithelial tumors that account for less than 1% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient who presented with a painless right retroauricular tumor of progressive growth. Ultrasound reported a heterogeneous retroauricular soft tissue tumor with no local or regional lymphadenopathies. Culture and tumor markers were negative, BAFF was reported as suspicious for malignancy. CLINICAL COURSE: Right retroaurilar tumor was excised, without complications. The pathology report informed a right retroauricular clear cell carcinoma with negative limits. The patient has been under follow up care for one year, with no evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although clear cell carcinoma of the minor salivary glands is a rare tumor, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with head and neck injuries. Its standardized treatment is surgical; adjuvant treatments have not shown an improvement in the control of recurrence, nor have they improved survival rates.
Individual based Modelling of Biofilm Colonisation
Authors: Reiber Marlis
Published: April 2022

Bacterial biofilms on implants or host tissue can cause unwanted infections. One of the main factors for the pathogenic biofilm growth is the initial adhesion of the bacteria. In this project a framework for systematic studies of the bacterial adhesion is provided. Therefore, an Individual based Model (IbM) is set up in the IbM solver NUFEB, an extension of the molecular dynamics code LAMMPS, which integrates Newton's equations of motion for the cells that interact via various forces. Experimentally measured adhesion forces are implemented for the cell-wall and cell-cell interaction. Furthermore, the random movement of planktonic cells is included into the IbM software. A sensitivity analysis of important parameters and an exemplary simulation of the attachment are performed. Thus, the attachment of the bacterial cells and the initial growth of a biofilm can be qualitatively modelled.
La internacionalización del Sistema Dual de Formación Profesional Alemán: Factores para su implementación en otros países
Authors: Alemán-Falcón Jesús , Calcines-Piñero Maria Ascensión
Published: April 2022

Con un amplio reconocimiento a nivel internacional y caracterizado por la excelente cualificación que proporciona a sus aprendices al combinar la formación entre la empresa y la escuela, el número de planes para la implantación del Sistema Dual de Formación Profesional Alemán en otros países aumenta cada año. En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre la estructura actual de este sistema y sobre los factores que son necesarios para exportarlo con éxito. Partiendo de investigaciones previas, se analizan informes procedentes de instituciones públicas alemanas, documentos oficiales, textos legislativos, fuentes especializadas relevantes e información obtenida mediante otras técnicas de investigación cualitativa. De ahí que se aborden, entre otros elementos esenciales, el consenso entre los interlocutores sociales, los planes de formación, la acreditación de los formadores, la creación de centros de formación supraempresarial o el establecimiento de observatorios. Al adoptar este sistema dual, se consigue adecuar las cualificaciones profesionales a las exigencias de producción de las empresas, dotar al mercado laboral de los especialistas necesarios, así como integrar social y laboralmente a los/las jóvenes aprendices.
Glycated albumin in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Chume Fernando C. , Freitas Priscila A.C. , Schiavenin Luisa G. , Pimentel Ana L. , Camargo Joíza Lins
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Guidelines recommend the diagnosis of diabetes should be based on either plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) findings. However, lately studies have advocated glycated albumin (GA) as a useful alternative to HbA1c. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the overall diagnostic accuracy of GA for the diagnosis of diabetes.

Content

We searched for articles of GA diabetes diagnostic accuracy that were published up to August 2021. Studies were selected if reported an oral glucose tolerance test as a reference test, measured GA levels by enzymatic methods, and had data necessary for 2 × 2 contingency tables. A bivariate model was used to calculate the pooled estimates.

This meta-analysis included nine studies, totaling 10,007 individuals. Of those, 3,106 had diabetes. The studies showed substantial heterogeneity caused by a non-threshold effect and reported different GA optimal cut-offs for diagnosing diabetes. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 15.93 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.844, indicating a good level of overall accuracy for the diagnosis of diabetes. The effect of the GA threshold on diagnostic accuracy was reported at 15.0% and 17.1%. The optimal cut-off for diagnosing diabetes with GA was estimated as 17.1% with a pooled sensitivity of 55.1% (95% CI 36.7%–72.2%) and specificity of 94.4% (95% CI 85.3%–97.9%).

Outlook

GA has good diabetes diagnostic accuracy. A GA threshold of 17.1% may be considered optimal for diagnosing diabetes in previously undiagnosed individuals.
A comprehensive comparison between ISAC and ALEX2 multiplex test systems
Authors: Platteel Anouk C.M. , van der Pol Pieter , Murk Jean-Luc , Verbrugge-Bakker Ingrid , Hack-Steemers Marian , Roovers Theo H.W.M. , Heron Michiel
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Diagnosis of type I hypersensitivity is based on anamnesis, provocation as well as blood- and skin testing. Multiplex specific IgE (sIgE) testing enables determination of sIgE antibodies against multiple recombinant or purified natural allergen components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the novel ALEX2® (Allergy Explorer, ALEX2 test introduced on the market November 2019) multiplex platform and to compare it with the ImmunoCAP ISAC® test system.

Methods

Serum samples of 49 patients, routinely determined with ISAC, were selected based on positive results covering in total most of the 112 ISAC components. Cohen’s kappa, negative percent agreement (NPA), and positive percent agreement (PPA) of ALEX2 data compared to ISAC data (as a non-reference standard) were computed for those allergen components present on both platforms (n=103). Furthermore, in some samples sIgE results against allergen extracts and/or -components tested with either ImmunoCAP® (ThermoFisher) or IMMULITE® (Siemens) were available and compared to ALEX2 results.

Results

The overall agreement between ISAC and ALEX2 common allergen components was 94%. NPA and PPA were respectively 95 and 90%. Kappa values differed for specific allergen groups and varied between 0.60 and 0.92 showing moderate to almost perfect agreement. Of the qualitative discrepancies between ALEX2 and ISAC, 59% were related to weak positive results i.e. results under 1 kUA/L or 1 ISU, respectively.

Conclusions

The method comparison between ISAC and ALEX2 multiplex tests showed a high concordance for those allergen components present on both platforms.
Non-invariant deformations of left-invariant complex structures on compact Lie groups
Authors: Ishida Hiroaki , Kasuya Hisashi
Published: April 2022

We give small deformations of a left-invariant complex structure on each simply connected semisimple compact Lie group of even dimension which are not biholomorphic to any left-invariant (right-invariant) complex structure by using the Kuranishi space.
On such deformed complex manifolds, we prove the Borel–Weil–Bott type theorem, and we compute the cohomology of holomorphic tangent bundles.
The Impact of Social Media on Disaster Volunteerism: Evidence from Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Demiroz Fatih , Akbas Esra
Published: April 2022

Emergent volunteer groups play a significant role during disasters. There is a rich literature on the role of volunteer groups in disasters and disaster volunteerism. However, the rapid proliferation of social media platforms in the last decade made a significant impact on human lives, and disaster volunteerism is no exception. This article argues that there is a need for understanding social media’s impact on disaster volunteerism. Using Harvey as a case, this article analyzes 74 Facebook groups that were created during the storm. The article compares the emergence and lifespan, structure, and function of online volunteer groups to those of volunteer groups before social media. Findings show important distinctions between online groups and those mentioned in the literature. First, online groups are easier to observe and analyze because of the digital traces they leave. Online groups emerge in different phases of disaster (response, early recovery) depending on people’s needs. Their structure can possess elements of hierarchy as opposed to structural characteristics of groups mentioned in the literature. Finally, online groups mostly function as information sharing hubs; however, they also carry out a wide variety of functions, some of which request special attention. The article makes suggestions for future research.
Extracellular matrix in cancer progression and therapy
Authors: He Xiuxiu , Lee Byoungkoo , Jiang Yi
Published: April 2022

The tumor ecosystem with heterogeneous cellular compositions and the tumor microenvironment has increasingly become the focus of cancer research in recent years. The extracellular matrix (ECM), the major component of the tumor microenvironment, and its interactions with the tumor cells and stromal cells have also enjoyed tremendously increased attention. Like the other components of the tumor microenvironment, the ECM in solid tumors differs significantly from that in normal organs and tissues. We review recent studies of the complex roles the tumor ECM plays in cancer progression, from tumor initiation, growth to angiogenesis and invasion. We highlight that the biomolecular, biophysical, and mechanochemical interactions between the ECM and cells not only regulate the steps of cancer progression, but also affect the efficacy of systemic cancer treatment. We further discuss the strategies to target and modify the tumor ECM to improve cancer therapy.
Existence and Stability Results for Coupled Fractional Dynamic System with Impulses over Non-uniform Time Domains
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Malik Muslim
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, we examine the existence, uniqueness and stability results for a coupled fractional dynamical system with impulsive and initial-boundary (IB) conditions on non-uniform time domains by implying the theory of time scales. Firstly, we find the solution of the consider problem, then we examine the existence and stability results. Mainly, we use the Banach and Leray-Schauder’s alternative type fixed point theorems to establish the main results. At last, we present an example to illustrate the utilization of these analytical outcomes.
Ezekiel’s Nonverbal Responses as Prophetic Message
Authors: Ganzel Tova
Published: April 2022

This article explores the way nonverbal language and gestures in the book of Ezekiel are used to convey the prophetic message. First, they serve as responses to prophetic messages. Second, the prophet’s role as a »model« means that these nonverbal language and gestures add a layer of meaning, often by reflecting a disparity between expected despair and the people’s passivity.
Effect of composition on the Raman response of the Cu2(Fe
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4 and Cu2(Mn
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4 solid solutions
Authors: Suss Nicole , Heppke Eva M. , Avci Fatma D. , Appelt Oona , Efthimiopoulos Ilias
Published: April 2022

We have examined the effect of composition on the Raman-active vibrational response of the Cu2(Fe
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4 and Cu2(Mn
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4 solid solution series at ambient conditions. Based on these results we were able to identify the phase boundaries of the respective kesterite-type and stannite-type structures adopted by these compounds as a function of composition. In the case of Cu2(Fe
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4, our observations correlate very well with earlier reports. For the Cu2(Mn
x
Zn1−x
)SnS4 series, on the other hand, we were able to clearly pinpoint the kesterite↔stannite transition for intermediate compositions for the first time, indicating that Raman spectroscopy can serve as an efficient method for monitoring subtle structural transitions in these systems.
Perception of cardiovascular diseases among women attending primary health care centers in Erbil city, Iraq
Authors: Mala Ahmed Nazleen , Dauod Ali , Sulaiman Karwan
Published: April 2022

Background and objective: Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in both genders. Good knowledge about cardiovascular disease symptoms, risk factors, and protective measures can improve the public’s preventive practice and overall future health outcomes. This study aimed to assess women's awareness of cardiovascular diseases and preventive measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil city, Iraq. The data were collected from 674 women aged 18 years and above, using convenience sampling method, who attended 12 primary health care centers in six municipalities in Erbil City. The study period was from the 1st of October 2019 to the end of February 2020. An interview questionnaire was used to collect the study data from the participants to assess the women's knowledge of cardiovascular diseases, their attitudes and challenges. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the women was 37.6 ± 13 years. Only 15.3% of women could recognize cardiovascular diseases as the number one leading cause of death. More than 90% of them had poor cardiovascular disease knowledge scores. Recognition of coronary artery disease symptoms, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and preventive measures was made by less than 50% of them. The multiple regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, employment, and educational level independently predicted cardiovascular disease knowledge. Conclusion: Awareness of cardiovascular diseases among women was poor. Thus, proper institutional foundations, mass media campaigns, other media, and community programs can prompt public discussion of health issues to change women’s health behavior and reduce future health consequences from cardiovascular diseases.
Urothelial bladder cancer in young versus older adults: Presentations, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Toma Tarq
Published: April 2022

Background and objective: Urothelial bladder carcinoma is a common malignancy but rarely occurs at young ages and can occur more frequently in the older group. The majority of bladder cancer consist of urothelial bladder carcinoma. This study aimed to review the clinical presentation, histopathological features, staging, grading, and the progression and recurrence of urothelial bladder cancer in patients aged below 40 years compared with older patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and reviewed 105 newly diagnosed patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma between August 2014 to January 2020 in a private clinic and Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Iraq. Results: The mean age ± SD of the cases was 56.2 ± 19.37 years, ranging between 18 – 85 years. Patients were divided according to age into two main groups, Group I (29 patients) were aged ≤ 40 years, and Group II (76 patients) were above 40 years. Most cases (72.4%) were males, but there was no significant gender distribution difference between the two groups (P = 0.327). Gross hematuria was the most common presenting symptom in both groups. In Group I, the proportion of patients who ever smoked was 79.3%, and 47.4% in Group II (P = 0.003).A significantly higher proportion of patients with lower grade and stage and small tumor size was detected in Group I than in Group II (P <0.05). The recurrence rate of Group II (36.8%) was significantly higher than that (6.9%) of Group I (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Urothelial bladder carcinomas among young patients were of lower grade, stage, and size than in older patients. The recurrence rate was higher among the older patients.
Improvement of solubility and dissolution rate of Biopharmaceutical Class II drug atorvastatin calcium by using an essential amino acid L-leucine
Authors: Qader Hemn , Hamadameen Hewa , Abdullah Anjam
Published: April 2022

Background and objective: Atorvastatin calcium is an antihyperlipidemic agent that is characterized by low aqueous solubility and high membrane permeability. This study was designed to enhance the solubility and the dissolution rate of atorvastatin calcium in the water and physiological pH (pH 6.8) by using L-Leucine as solubilizing agent utilizing different solid dispersion methods. Methods: Solid dispersion masses were prepared by kneading method and solvent evaporation methods at different weight ratios (1:1, 1:2: and 1:4) of the drug to the carrier. Saturated solubility studies were carried out in aqueous media, and the in-vitro studies were performed in physiological pH Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to detect any interaction between the drug and the carrier. Results: The kneading method increase the solubility of atorvastatin calcium by 1.27, 1.43, and 1.81 folds from kneading method 1, kneading method 2, and kneading method 3, respectively. The solubility of atorvastatin calcium in solvent evaporation 1, solvent evaporation 2, and solvent evaporation 4 was increased by 2.53, 2.66, and 3.1 folds (P = 0.002). Solvent evaporation 2 (1:2 ratio) was selected as the best formula in terms of dissolution profile because it has faster and complete drug release after 5 minutes when compared with solvent evaporation 1, kneading method 1, kneading method 2, and kneading method 3 and contain less amount of L-Leucine when compared with solvent evaporation 3. Fourier transform infrared studies indicated no chemical reaction between the drug and carrier. Conclusion: L-leucine significantly improved the solubility and dissolution profile of poorly water-soluble atorvastatin calcium.
Augustine, Costs and Defense Industries
Authors: Hartley Keith
Published: April 2022

Augustine weapons systems are presented as a new class of economic good. Their distinguishing characteristics are identified in the form of advanced technology, inter-generational cost escalation and small quantities. A distinction is made between cost increases between generations of weapons and falling unit costs within a generation of equipment. The impact of Augustine weapons on learning curves is assessed and the article concludes with an evaluation of Augustine systems for the future defense industrial base.
Should Education and Military Expenditures be Combined for Government Economic Policy?
Authors: Caruso Raul , Balestra Anna
Published: April 2022

This article examines the impact of EDUMILEX, namely the ratio between investment in education and military expenditure, on economic performance. It uses panel data estimation methods for 60 countries over the period 2000–2018. The findings suggest the existence of a non-linear, cubic relationship between EDUMILEX and economic performance. In particular, EDUMILEX is positively associated with both GDP per capita and labor productivity. The results also show that the effect of EDUMILEX is heterogeneous across countries, with lower values of EDUMILEX required to increase economic performance in developed countries than developing ones.
Leveraging EHR Data to Evaluate the Association of Late Recognition of Deterioration With Outcomes
Authors: Mehta Sanjiv D. , Muthu Naveen , Yehya Nadir , Galligan Meghan , Porter Ezra , McGowan Nancy , Papili Kelly , Favatella Dana , Liu Hongyan , Griffis Heather , Bonafide Christopher P. , Sutton Robert M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES

Emergency transfers (ETs), deterioration events with late recognition requiring ICU interventions within 1 hour of transfer, are associated with adverse outcomes. We leveraged electronic health record (EHR) data to assess the association between ETs and outcomes. We also evaluated the association between intervention timing (urgency) and outcomes.

METHODS

We conducted a propensity-score-matched study of hospitalized children requiring ICU transfer between 2015 and 2019 at a single institution. The primary exposure was ET, automatically classified using Epic Clarity Data stored in our enterprise data warehouse endotracheal tube in lines/drains/airway flowsheet, vasopressor in medication administration record, and/or ≥60 ml/kg intravenous fluids in intake/output flowsheets recorded within 1 hour of transfer. Urgent intervention was defined as interventions within 12 hours of transfer.

RESULTS

Of 2037 index transfers, 129 (6.3%) met ET criteria. In the propensity-score-matched cohort (127 ET, 374 matched controls), ET was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (13% vs 6.1%; odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.24–4.9, P = .01), longer ICU length of stay (subdistribution hazard ratio of ICU discharge 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91, P < .01), and longer posttransfer length of stay (SHR of hospital discharge 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56–0.90, P < .01). Increased intervention urgency was associated with increased mortality risk: 4.1% no intervention, 6.4% urgent intervention, and 10% emergent intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

An EHR measure of deterioration with late recognition is associated with increased mortality and length of stay. Mortality risk increased with intervention urgency. Leveraging EHR automation facilitates generalizability, multicenter collaboratives, and metric consistency.
Prevalence of Adolescent Handgun Carriage: 2002–2019
Authors: Carey Naoka , Coley Rebekah Levine
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES

This study explores the changing prevalence of adolescent handgun carriage, with attention to differences across sociodemographic groups.

METHODS

Data were drawn from repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys conducted annually from 2002 to 2019, the National Survey on Drug Use & Health. The study sample included adolescents aged 12 to 17 (N = 297 055). Logistic regression models estimated the prevalence of past year handgun carriage across cohort and sociodemographic subgroups. Interactions between 4-time cohorts and other variables explored sociodemographic variability in prevalence rates over time.

RESULTS

Handgun carriage increased significantly, particularly among rural, White, and higher-income adolescents. Carriage increased by 41% over cohorts, with predicted prevalence rates increasing from 3.3% in 2002–2006 to 4.6% in 2015–2019. Across cohorts, rural (5.1%), American Indian/Alaskan Native (5.2%), lower-income (<$20 000; 3.9%), male (5.9%), and older (16–17 years old; 4.5%) adolescents were the most likely to report carriage. However, these patterns changed significantly over time, with White and higher-income adolescents (>$75 000) most likely to carry in the most recent cohorts. Predicted carriage rates increased from 3.1% to 5.3% among White adolescents, from 2.6% to 5.1% among higher-income adolescents, and from 4.3% to 6.9% among rural adolescents between the 2002–2006 and 2015–2019 cohorts. Carriage among Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and lower-income adolescents decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

Adolescent handgun carriage is increasing, concentrated among particular subgroups of youth, and carriage patterns across sociodemographic groups have changed over time. Programs to address the risk of adolescent gun carriage should be tailored to the specific sociocultural and place-based concerns of diverse adolescents.
Constantes estructurales de la territorialización paramilitar en el área metropolitana en Bogotá (2009-2016)
Authors: Escobar Moyano Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2022

Desde el proceso de desmovilización del grupo paramilitar las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) entre 2003 al 2006, nuevos actores armados de la misma naturaleza se posicionaron en el territorio nacional, controlando y coaptando economías ilegales y estableciendo su proyecto político. La ciudad de Bogotá no sería la excepción, por su carácter geoestratégico ha sido un territorio disputado, por lo tanto, los nuevos grupos paramilitares definieron objetivos y mecanismos de intervención territorial. De esta manera, el objetivo de este artículo de investigación es analizar la territorialidad ejercida por los grupos paramilitares residuales del proceso de desmovilización de las (AUC) en el área metropolitana de Bogotá entre 2009 y 2016 como resultado de la asimetrización del conflicto armado en el territorio. Entre los hallazgos se identificaron las principales estrategias, mecanismos y herramientas de control territorial y los procesos geográficos e históricos de la consolidación del proyecto paramilitar en la ciudad y su área metropolitana.
A rede transfronteiriça para o enfrentamento da pandemia por COVID-19: diálogo sobre pesquisa e monitoramento da pan-demia desde a tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Colômbia e Peru
Authors: Canalez Geise De Góes , Carvajal José Joaquín , Albuquerque Jose Lindomar , Rapozo Pedro , Reis Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

A rede transfronteiriça pode ser entendida como um processo de articulação e colaboração efetiva entre pesquisadores e instituições universitárias nos três países que formam a tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. O seu objetivo fundamental é sistematizar informações, pesquisar, monitorar e divulgar resultados sobre a pandemia de forma conjunta, ou seja, pensar nessas localidades e municípios fronteiriços dos três países como uma única região transfronteiriça. Essa perspectiva de pesquisa e análise dos dados visa romper com o nacionalismo metodológico tão presente nas pesquisas nas zonas fronteiriças internacionais. Isso coloca uma série de desafios na sistematização conjunta informação, à medida que as instituições de cada Estado-nação desenvolvem diferentes metodologias e diferentes prazos para publicação de dados oficiais, além de problemas de subnotificação em alguns casos. Essas dificuldades tornaram-se muito presentes no processo de produzir boletins de covid 19 na região, como evidenciado aqui durante a diálogo com os pesquisadores.
Calidad composicional del ensilaje de tres cultivares de maíz (Zea mays) del trópico alto colombiano
Authors: Mancipe-Muñoz Edgar A. , Castillo-Sierra Javier , Vargas-Martínez Juan De J. , Avellaneda-Avellaneda Yesid
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Elaborar ensilajes de maíz de buena calidad es una estrategia para incrementar la eficiencia de los sistemas de alimentación de rumiantes. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la proporción de mazorcas y el tiempo de sellado sobre la calidad composicional del ensilaje de tres cultivares de maíz en el trópico alto colombiano, cosechados en la fase reproductiva de grano lechoso-pastoso. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en el año 2017, en Mosquera, Colombia, con los cultivares Simijaca, Medellín y Pionner. Experimento 1, se generaron cuatro proporciones diferentes de mazorca en el ensilado. Experimento 2, la biomasa se ensiló a las 0, 8 o 16 horas de oreo. Se determinó materia seca (MS), proteína cruda, almidón y fibras en detergente neutro (FDN) y ácida (FDA). Se evaluó la dinámica de descenso del pH. Se determinó el efecto de la proporción de mazorcas y el tiempo de oreo sobre la digestibilidad de la MS, MO y FDN solo en el cultivar Simijaca. La calidad composicional y la dinámica del pH se analizaron mediante un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial, mientras la digestibilidad con un diseño completamente al azar. Resultados. El cultivar Medellín presentó menor proporción de mazorca y concentración de almidón (11,9 %) (p<0,05) y mayor contenido de FDN (51,7 %) (p<0,05). El mayor contenido de mazorca aumentó la concentración de almidón, energía y digestibilidad (p<0,05) y disminuyó (p<0,05) el valor del pH final (3,69). El oreo aumentó la MS, la FDN, (p<0,05) y el valor final y la tasa de descenso del pH, pero no cambió la digestibilidad de la MS, MO y FDN. Conclusión. Utilizar ensilaje de maíz con una proporción de mazorca mayor a 66 % y sellar rápido la biomasa de los cultivares Simijaca y Pioneer, mejoró las condiciones de fermentación y calidad composicional.
Variabilidad morfoagronómica en especímenes de papayo silvestre (Carica cubensis Solms) en Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabello Jesús , González-Vega Maria Esther
Published: April 2022

Introducción. El papayo es la tercera fruta tropical de mayor importancia a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, en la variedad silvestre, endémica de Cuba, no existen evidencias de estudios para su conservación, cultivo o programas de mejoramiento. Objetivo. Evaluar especímenes de papayo silvestre de la cuenca Almendares-Vento, con el empleo de descriptores morfoagronómicos, para contribuir a la conservación y valorar su potencial productivo y de caracteres de interés para el mejoramiento genético de C. papaya. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se desarrolló entre 2008 y 2018, in situ, en la Cuenca Almendares-Vento, Mayambeque, y condiciones tradicionales de cultivo, en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas, San José de Las Lajas, Cuba. Las evaluaciones se realizaron mediante dieciséis descriptores morfoagronómicos recomendados para la especie. En el 2016 se colectaron semillas de once plantas para su evaluación individual ex situ. Los descriptores cualitativos se describieron mediante imágenes fotográficas y para los cuantitativos in situ se calcularon los estadígrafos descriptivos de cada una de las variables evaluadas. Para las evaluaciones ex situ se realizó un análisis de componentes principales y un biplot. A cada descriptor se le realizó intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados. In situ la población de papayo silvestre estaba constituida por especímenes que habitaban aislados y distantes unos de otros. En condiciones de cultivo tradicional mostraron variabilidad morfoagronómica en el número de frutos y sus dimensiones, los °Brix y la acidez. Además de su valor ecológico, los caracteres antes mencionados revelaron cualidades potenciales en la identificación de genotipos promisorios, relacionados con el mercado y empleo en el mejoramiento del cultivo. Conclusión. Los frutos presentaron propiedades físicas y bromatológicas que convierten al papayo silvestre en un recurso fitogenético promisorio, para su empleo en el mejoramiento del cultivo y como una alternativa de producción en condiciones tradicionales.
Representações cinematográficas das orcas
Authors: Santos Decanini Marangoni Isadora , Conceição Galego Luís Gustavo Da
Published: April 2022

O cinema pode criar perspectivas acerca dos temas que retrata, o que inclui abordagens fílmicas voltadas para diferentes espécies de organismos, como ocorre no caso de diferentes animais marinhos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho analisou a construção das representações cinematográficas sobre as orcas (Orcinus orca) e seus possíveis desdobramentos no imaginário popular, além de discutir o seu impacto sobre a manutenção e manejo desses animais em cativeiro e apresentar uma proposta didática na perspectiva da Educação Ambiental que utilize esses filmes. Para isto, foram selecionadas cenas de três filmes nos quais as orcas são protagonistas e as narrativas e cinematografia foram analisadas na perspectiva da construção de personagem e das informações biológicas veiculadas. Nesse sentido, houve uma mudança na forma que as orcas eram representadas, outrora apresentadas como assassinas vingadoras e mais recentemente como animais afetivos, o que as torna mais suscetíveis para a sua utilização em espetáculos aquáticos e, com isso, maior probabilidade de um manejo inadequado. A partir dessa análise, foi possível propor uma ação didática com a utilização desses longas-metragens voltada para o conhecimento sobre esses cetáceos e para a reflexão sobre sua conservação e não-manutenção em cativeiro.
Palavras-chave: Orca, a baleia assassina; Free Willy; Blackfish; espécies-bandeira.
KAJIAN HASIL TANGKAPAN RAJUNGAN DI PANTAI UTARA DAN PANTAI SELATAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: - Suhernalis , Rahman Abdul
Published: April 2022

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu crustasea hasil laut yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting. Namun banyaknya penangkapan yang tidak sesuai mengakibatkan sumberdaya rajungan menurun. Penelitian  ini dilakukan di Perairan Provinsi Jawa Barat sejak bulan September hingga Oktober 2018. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya  growth overfishing rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang meliputi beberapa aspek biologi seperti lebar-berat rajungan, sex ratio, TKG (Tingkat Kematangan Gonad), ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc), ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) dan upaya pengelolaan rajungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode survey dan metode Analisis PSA. Hasil penelitian sementara menunjukkan bahwa hubungan lebar-berat bersifat allometrik negatif. Perbandingan jantan dan betina menunjukan kondisi tidak seimbang. TKG yang dominan adalah TKG III. Nilai Lc = Jantan  7,51 cm; Betina  8,36 cm dan nilai Lm = Jantan  7,30 cm; Betina 6,40 cm, dapat diketahui populasi rajungan jantan lebih cepat mengalami penurunan dibandingkan betina. Berdasarkan analisis PSA, rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang ada di Perairan Jawa Barat berada di tingkat kerentanan rendah dan produktivitas rendah.
ANALISIS PROKSIMAT DAN LOGAM BERAT PADA TEMPE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG IKAN
Authors: Abrian Satria , Maulid Deden Yusman
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK Tempe merupakan makanan fermentasi yang sudah tersebar hampir di seluruh Indonesia. Makanan ini diproduksi menggunakan alat dan metode yang sederhana. Kandungan protein tempe yang berasal dari kedelai memiliki peluang untuk ditingkatkan lagi dengan penambahan tepung ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kandungan protein pada tempe dengan cara menambahkan tepung ikan sehingga produk yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai makanan alternative untuk mengatasi masalah kekurangan protein pada manusia. Nilai proksimat didapatkan dengan mengacu pada metode AOAC. Uji proksimat terdiri dari kadar air, lemak, protein, dan serat kasar. Nilai logam berat didapatkan dengan mengacu pada SNI 3144:2015. Logam berat yang diujikan terdiri dari Hg, As, Cd, dan Pb Terdapat 4 sampel dengan perlakuan berbeda yaitu S1:tanpa penambahan tepung ikan; S2: dengan penambahan tepung ikan nila; S3: dengan penambahan tepung ikan tongkol; S4: dengan penambahan ikan tiga wajah. Hasil pengujian proksimat menunjukkan bahwa kandungan protein yang paling tinggi adalah sampel S4 yakni 22.43%. Hasil uji logam berat menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel memiliki kandungan logam berat berada di bawah ambang batas yang ditetapkan melalui SNI No 3144:2015.KATA KUNCI: Logam Berat; Proksimat; Protein; Tempe; Tepung Ikan
THE EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF (MORINGA OLEIFERA) FLOUR ADDITION ON FEED COMMERCIAL TO GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)
Authors: Astiyani Wahyu Puji , Prama Ega Aditya , Akbarurrasyid Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Moringa leaf is one part of the Moringa plant which has been studied a lot of nutrition and usefulness. Moringa leaves are rich in nutrients, including calcium, iron, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C. This research was a quantitative study using 4 treatments, namely pellet feed control treatment without Moringa leaf flour, A treatment of pellet feed with additional Moringa leaf flour 3%, B treatment of pellet feed with additional Moringa leaf flour 5% and C treatment of pellet feed with additional Moringa leaf flour 7%. The parameter measured was the growth rate in tilapia . The results showed the use of 7% moringa leaf flour mixed with pellet feed obtained the highest value at a specific growth rate of 0.12% with an average weight of 3.16 grams and the lowest in the control feed which was 0.09% with an average weight average 2.28 grams. At the survival rate, the addition of 7% Moringa leaf flour to the pellet gets the highest value with 100% survival. The use of 7% Moringa leaf flour mixed with pellet feed is the best result for the growth and survival of tilapia.
BIOLOGI, KUALITAS AIR DAN PERIKANAN RAJUNGAN PORTUNUS PELAGICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) DI KABUPATEN CIREBON
Authors: Firdaus Anas Noor
Published: April 2022

Kabupaten Cirebon yang memiliki wilayah pesisir dan daerah pantai, tentu menjadikan sektor perikanan sebagai salah satu sektor unggulan, salah satunya adalah perikanan rajungan. Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu komoditas yang sangat penting di Kabupaten Cirebon. Satu dekade ini di daerah Cirebon, penangkapan rajungan telah meningkat (overfishing), selain itu, parameter biologi dan kualitas air sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aspek biologi rajungan, menganalisis potensi rajungan terkait isu overfishing, menganalisis parameter lingkungan dari perairan, dan memahami aspek sosial nelayan rajungan di Cirebon. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum rajungan jantan lebih banyak tertangkap dengan rasio jenis kelamin 1,6:1, rajungan jantan juga memiliki ukuran tubuh relatif lebih besar dibandingkan dengan rajungan betina. Fekunditas rajungan betina bertelur berkisar antara 1,69 juta sampai dengan 1,95 juta butir telur dengan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) ada direntang antara TKG II sampai dengan TKG V. Panjang rajungan pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) berada pada nilai 115,89 mm dan panjang rajungan pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) berada pada nilai 117,93 mm. Di Cirebon, lingkungan perairan sumberdaya rajungan, memiliki kisaran suhu antara 28° C dan 29° C, salinitas antara 25 ‰ dan 30 ‰, derajat keasaman (pH) antara 7 dan 8, serta tingkat kecerahan antara 4 dan 5 meter.
PENGOLAHAN BANDENG PRESTO DI UKM MANDALA PRESTO, SUKARAJA, KAB. BOGOR - JAWA BARAT
Authors: Salampessy Randi B.S
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAKPengolahan bandeng dengan cara presto menjadikan duri ikan bandeng lunak dan memudahkanuntuk mengkonsumsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alur proses produksi bandeng presto, mutu organoleptik , sensori bahan baku dan produk akhir, penerapan rantai dingin atau suhu produk, air serta proses pengolahan, rendemen produk akhir serta penerapan sanitasi dan hygiene . Pelaksanaan penelitian pada tanggal 1 Maret 2021 sampai dengan 14 April 2021. Tempat pelaksanaan berlokasi di UKM Mandala Presto, Kecamatan Sukaraja, Kabupaten Bogor – Jawa Barat. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu penerimaan bahan baku, pelelehan (thawing) dan penyiangan dengan pembelahan, perendaman dalam larutan garam, perendaman bumbu, penyusunan ikan pada wadah pemasakan, pemasakan tanpa tekanan tinggi, pendinginan dengan pemberian bumbu kuning goreng oles serta pengemasan dan pelabelan. Penerapan suhu dingin selama proses pengolahan belum diterapkan secara baik dan benar . Mutu bahan baku dan produk akhir telah memenuhi SNI, dengan nilai organoleptik rata-rata 8, baik sebelum maupun sesudah dilelehkan. Nilai mutu sensorik bandeng presto yaitu kenampakan 7;  bau 7,5; rasa 8 ; tekstur 7 dan  kapang 9. Rendemen yang diperoleh produk rata-rata 77,24%. Teknik sanitasi dan higiene belum diterapkan secara baik dan benar.KATA KUNCI : Bandeng presto; proses; mutu sensori; rendemen; sanitasi
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG MAGOT (Hermetia illucens) PADA PAKAN KOMERSIAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN KOKI (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Prama Ega Aditya
Published: April 2022

Goldfish (Carrasius auratus) is an ornamental fish with a high economic value and a stable market share. Food is one of the important factors to promote the growth of goldfish. Good food influences a faster growth of goldfish. Magot is an alternative natural food that can be used to increase the growth of goldfish. The addition of dry magot meal to the feed has a positive influence on the growth of goldfish. In this study, the addition of dry magot meal with a dose of K (100% artificial food), A (25% Magot meal: 75% artificial food), B (50% Magot meal: 50% artificial food), C (75% Magot meal: 25% Artificial feed), D (100% Magot flour). The best study results for growth parameters were in treatment C with a weight gain of 5.92 grams and SGR of 1.77%, while the highest survival rate was in treatment A at 95%, in treatment K, B and C at 93% while treatment D by 91%.