bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estructura productiva y desigualdad salarial: evidencia para América Latina
Authors: Ciaschi Matías , Galeano Luciana , Gasparini Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo estudia la evolución de las brechas salariales por nivel educativo y su relación con la estructura productiva en 16 países de América Latina, con base en microdatos de encuestas de hogares e información de cuentas nacionales en el periodo de 1991 a 2015. La evidencia sugiere que el cambio en la estructura productiva está correlacionado estrechamente con la dinámica de la desigualdad salarial en la región. En particular, cuando crece la participación en el valor agregado de los sectores más intensivos en trabajo calificado, aumentan significativamente las brechas salariales por educación.
Un trastorno psicológico llamado TRAPSIPO
Authors: Morales-López Luis Hesneide
Published: January 2021

Este artículo postula la existencia de un trastorno psicológico que se presenta en ciertas personas que viven en condiciones de precariedad económica. Un trastorno que es posible denominarlo con la sigla TRAPSIPO (Trastorno Psicológico de la Pobreza) y que, como cualquier otra entidad nosológica, tiene sus signos y síntomas, cuyas características principales son la desesperanza, la baja autoestima, la apatía, el negativismo, el pesimismo, entre otros. Se analizan sus diversos factores y se plantean criterios de diagnóstico diferencial frente a los denominados trastornos depresivos. Además, se analizan las implicaciones sociales del reconocimiento de este trastorno.
Komunitas Hijabers Gresik: Produksi dan Konsumsi Informasi Fashion Hijab
Authors: Qibtiyah Ariatul
Published: January 2021

Dengan semakin berkembang nya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, juga semakin beragam nya media sosial yang ada saat ini menjadikan aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi informasi dapat dilakukan oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat dengan mudah. Salah satu informasi yang saat ini sedang trend dikalangan masyarakat terutama kalangan perempuan adalah informasi terkait fashion hijab, yang mana informasi fashion hijab tersebut saat ini sedang banyak diproduksi oleh para kalangan influencer maupun selebriti berhijab dan juga banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat melalui media sosial. Oleh sebab itu hal tersebut menjadi suatu fenomena bahwa melalui media sosial saat ini peengguna tidak hanya berperan sebagai konsumer informasi saja melainkan mereka juga dapat berperan sebagai produser informasi yang aktif pada akun-akun pribadi milik mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anggota komunitas Hiabers Gresik dengan mendapatakan responden sebanyak 54 responden. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas produksi dan konsumi informasi fashion hijab yang dilakukan oleh anggota komunitas Hijabers Gresik, sekaligus ingin mengetahui keterkaitan antara aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi informasi fashion hijab yang telah dilakukan. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan mengapa para reponden memproduksi dan mengkonsumsi informasi fashion hijab tersebut pada akun media sosial mereka. Untuk mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan wawancara terstruktur dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada para responden. Dan hasil nya adalah bahwa 100% responden melakukan aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi informasi fashion hijab, dengan sebanyak 31% responden memproduksi informasi fashion hijab untuk tuntutan pekerjaan berupa foto endorse, paid promote dan juga model gaun pengantin muslimah sebuah Wedding Organizer, dan sebelum memproduksi 33% responden membutuhkan informasi fashion hijab seputar trend fashion hijab yang sedang up to date (meliputi gaya hijab, outfit busana muslim). Aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi informasi fashion hijab ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan media sosial yang ada, yang mana sebanyak 48% responden menggunakan instagram untuk mengakses dan menciptakan informasi fashion hijab secara bersamaan. Sehingga dengan kemudahan yang ditawarkan oleh media sosial yang merupakan representasi dari web 2.0 menjadikan aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi informasi fashion hijab ini sangat mudah dilakukan serta aktivitas produksi informasi fashion hijab dapat dijadikan sebagai ladang bisnis yang menguntungkan dengan mendatangkan feedback secara tidak langsung.
Kemampuan New Media Literacy Remaja dalam Mengenali Cyber Sexual Harassment di Surabaya
Authors: Saadah Shofiatus
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan literasi media remaja menjadi sangat penting dengan masifnya penggunaan sosial media. Remaja sebagai salah satu pengguna terbanyak media sosial memerlukan kemampuan literasi media untuk meminimalisir terpapar oleh perilaku pelecehan seksual di ranah online. Untuk itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran kemampuan literasi media remaja dalam mengenali cyber sexual harassment di twitter. Peneliti menggunakan konsep New Media Literacy yang dikembangkan oleh Chen Der- Thanq. Kemampuan literasi media tersebut memiliki empat tipe yang berturut- turut yakni functional consuming, critical consuming, functional prosuming, serta critical consuming. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif deskriptif serta penentuan sampel purposive sampling dan mendapatkan 257 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan didapatkan hasil tertinggi yaitu pada variabel functional consuming pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan skor rata- rata 3,43. Serta variabel functional prosuming dengan skor terendah 2,83 yang masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan data temuan peneliti, kemampuan New Media Literacy remaja masuk dalam kategori baik.
Forecasting COVID-19 with Importance-Sampling and Path-Integrals
Authors: Ingber Lester
Published: January 2021

Background: Forecasting nonlinear stochastic systems most often is quite difficult, without giving in to temptations to simply simplify models for the sake of permitting simple computations. Objective: Here, two basic algorithms, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) and path-integral codes PATHINT/PATHTREE (and their quantum generalizations qPATHINT/qPATHTREE) are offered to detail such systems. Method: ASA and PATHINT/PATHTREE have been effective to forecast properties in three disparate disciplines in neuroscience, financial markets, and combat analysis. Applications are described for COVID-19. Results: Results of detailed calculations have led to new results and insights not previously obtained. Conclusion: These 3 applications give strong support to a quite generic application of these tools to stochastic nonlinear systems.
A Path Model of the Intention to Adopt Variable Rate Irrigation in Northeast Italy
Authors: Canavari Maurizio , Medici Marco , Wongprawmas Rungsaran , Xhakollari Vilma , Russo Silvia
Published: January 2021

Irrigated agriculture determines large blue water withdrawals, and it is considered a key intervention area to reach sustainable development objectives. Precision agriculture technologies have the potential to mitigate water resource depletion that often characterizes conventional agricultural approaches. This study investigates the factors influencing farmers' intentions to adopt variable rate irrigation (VRI) technology. The Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM-3) was employed as a theoretical framework to design a survey to identify the factors influencing farmers' decision-making process when adopting VRI. Data were gathered through quantitative face-to-face interviews with a sample of 138 fruit and grapevine producers from the Northeast of Italy (Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia). Data were analyzed using partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM). The results highlight that personal attitudes, such as perceived usefulness and subjective norm, positively influence the intention to adopt VRI. Also, the perceived ease of use positively affects intention, but it is moderated by subject experience.
The Green Business & Sustainable Development School – A Case Study for an Innovative Educational Concept to Prevent Big Ideas from Failure
Authors: Hennemann Jan Nicolai , Draser Bernd , Repkova Stofkova Katarina , Liedtke Christa
Published: January 2021

This article addresses the question why initiatives in the field of green business and sustainable development often fail. Therefore, it dismantles some typical patterns of failure and shows – as a case study – how these patterns can be challenged through an innovative educational concept: the green business and sustainable development school. The applied methodology is a real-life project that is designed through blended, interdisciplinary elements from business model canvas, Theory U, participation and design thinking. The results of the school initiative are discussed and evaluated by four distinctive stakeholder groups and outline the school’s supporting potential to overcome typical patterns of failure by the younger generation in the future. This article concludes with ideas to enhance the school concept reaching out to even more stakeholder-groups to increase its reliability and viability.
Active Surveillance in the Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: The Radiologist’s Point of View
Authors: Nicosia Luca , Giulio Giuseppe di , Bozzini Anna Carla , Fanizza Marianna , Ballati Francesco , Rotili Anna , Lazzeroni Matteo , Latronico Antuono , Abbate Francesca , Renne Giuseppe , Addante Francesca , Lucioni Marco , Cassano Enrico , Mastropasqua and Mauro Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

(1) Background: Considering highly selected patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), active surveillance is a valid alternative to surgery. Our study is aimed at showing the reliability of post-biopsy complete lesion removal, documented by mammogram, as additional criterion to select these patients. (2) Methods: 2173 Vacuum Assisted Breast Biopsies (VABB) documented as DCIS have been reviewed. Surgery has been performed in all cases. We retrospectively collected the reports of post-VABB complete lesion removal and the histological results of the biopsy and surgery. We calculated the rate of upgrade of DCIS identified on VABB upon excision for patients with post-biopsy complete lesion removal and for those showing residual lesion. (3) Results: We observed 2173 cases of DCIS: 408 classified as low grade; 1262 as intermediate grade; 503 as high grade. The overall upgrading rate to invasive carcinoma was 15.2% (330/2173). The upgrade rate was significantly lower (8.2%) when considering patients showing mammographically documented complete removal of the lesion. (4) Conclusion: The absence of mammographically documented residual lesion following VABB is associated to a lower upgrading rate of DCIS to invasive carcinoma on surgical excision and should be considered when deciding the proper management DCIS diagnosis.
Corynebacterium Glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Nakayama Yoshitaka
Published: January 2021

After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from the avian feces contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for the industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock, thus the physiological significance of the corynebacterial L-glutamate secretion has been considered as adjusting turgor pressure by releasing cytoplasmic solutes. In this review, we present information that corynebacterial mechanosensitive channels have been evolutionally specialized as carriers to secrete L-glutamate into the surrounding environment in their habitats rather than osmotic safety valves. The lipid modulation activation of MscCG channels in L-glutamate production can be explained by the “Force-From-Lipids” and “Force-From-Tethers” mechanosensing paradigms and differs significantly from the mechanical activation upon hypoosmotic shock. The review also provides information on the search for possibilities that Corynebacterium glutamicum was originally a gut bacterium in the avian host in the aim of understanding physiological roles of corynebacterial mechanosensing. Corynebacterium glutamicum is able to secrete L-glutamate by mechanosensitive channels in the gut microbiota and help the host brain function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Improve Some of Bounds for the Randic Estrada Index of Graphs
Authors: Jahanbani Akbar
Published: January 2021

Let G be a graph with n vertices and let 1; 2; : : : ; n be the eigenvalues of Randic matrix. The Randic Estrada index of G is REE(G) = Ón i=1 ei . In this paper, we establish lower and upper bounds for Randic index in terms of graph invariants such as the number of vertices and eigenvalues of graphs and improve some previously published lower bounds.
Inhibition of Adipogenesis in Mouse 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes by an Extract from Sophora Japonica Fruit Acting via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Authors: Park Cheol , Lee Young-Kyung , Kim Chul Hwan , Shin Su Young , Choi Kyung-Min , Yang In-Jun , Kim Gi-Young , Choi Yung Hyun , Jeong Jin-Woo
Published: January 2021

Background: The world-wide rate of obesity is increasing continuously, representing a serious medical threat since it is associated with a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and numerous cancers. Sophora japonica is used as a traditional herb for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. However, the anti-obesity effects of S. japonica fruit have not been explored. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis by an ethanol extract of S. japonica fruit (EESF) in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Methods: MTT assay, Oil Red O staining, and Triglyceride contents were used to investigate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells to clarify adipocyte differentiation. The expression levels of various molecular signals associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis were examined by western blot analysis. Results: Our results demonstrate that EESF suppressed the terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet number and lipid content through Oil Red O staining. EESF significantly reduced the accumulation of cellular triglyceride, which was associated with a significant inhibition of the levels of pro-adipogenic transcription factors, downregulated the expression levels of adipocyte-specific proteins. Furthermore, EESF treatment effectively increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Conclusions: These results together indicate that EESF has significant effects on the inhibition of adipogenesis and acts by stimulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds in S. japonica.
Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Motility, Structural Integrity, and Mitochondrial Function of Freeze-Thawed Dog Sperm
Authors: Bang Seonggyu , Qamar Ahmad Yar , Tanga Bereket Molla , Fang Xun , Cho Jongki
Published: January 2021

Antioxidants have multiple protective roles in cells and can be used as a supplement to protect cells against cryopreservation-induced detrimental effects, including protecting sperm fertility quality. The antioxidant resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RSV) has been shown to be a protective supplement for the cryopreservation of animal sperm, including human sperm. In this study, we assessed the effect of RSV supplementation on canine sperm cryopreservation. Semen was collected from four dogs and the effect of different concentrations of RSV (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) on post-thaw quality of sperm was examined. After thawing, sperm motility was assessed using computer aided sperm analysis, and the structural integrity of the plasma membrane, acrosome, and chromatin were examined, as well as mitochondrial activity and gene expression were assessed. Dog sperm cryopreserved with 200 µM RSV showed significant improvement in motility and viability following thawing compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, RSV-supplemented samples showed significantly higher numbers of sperm with an intact plasma membrane, active mitochondria, and structural integrity of acrosomes and chromatin than that of control samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression showed that RSV supplemented samples showed lower expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX) oxidative stress-related (ROMO1) and oxidative induced DNA damage repair (OGG1) whereas higher expression levels of anti‐apoptotic (BCL2) protamine-2 (PRM2), protamine-3 (PRM3) and sperm acrosome‐associated (SPACA3) genes than control. Our results suggest that RSV, at its optimum concentration, can be efficiently used as an alternative antioxidant in the cryopreservation of dog sperm.
Structural Insights Into Substrate Recognition and Processing by the 20S Proteasome
Authors: Sahu Indrajit , Glickman Michael H.
Published: January 2021

Four decades of proteasome research have yielded extensive information on ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The archetype of proteasomes is a 20S barrel-shaped complex that does not rely on ubiquitin as a degradation signal but can degrade substrates with a considerable unstructured stretch. Since roughly half of all proteasomes in most eukaryotic cells are free 20S complexes, ubiquitin-independent protein degradation may coexist with ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the highly regulated 26S proteasome. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the biochemical and structural features that underlie the proteolytic mechanism of 20S proteasomes. The two outer α-rings of 20S proteasomes provide a number of potential docking sites for loosely folded polypeptides. The binding of a substrate can induce asymmetric conformational changes, trigger gate opening, and initiate its own degradation through a protease-driven translocation mechanism. Consequently, the substrate translocates through two additional narrow apertures augmented by the β-catalytic active sites. The overall pulling force through the two annuli results in a protease-like unfolding of the substrate and subsequent proteolysis in the catalytic chamber. Although both proteasomes contain identical β-catalytic active sites, the differential translocation mechanisms yield distinct peptide products. Non-overlapping substrate repertoires and product outcomes rationalize cohabitation of both proteasome complexes in cells.
Studies Aimed at Evaluating the Impact of Generalist Predators on the Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata Populations
Authors: Prazaru Stefan Cristian , Zanettin Giulia , Pozzebon Alberto , Tirello Paola , Toffoletto Francesco , Scaccini Davide , Duso Carlo
Published: January 2021

Outbreaks of the Nearctic leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata represent a recent issue for winegrowers in Southern Europe, in particular in North-eastern Italy. Problems are frequent in organic vineyards because insecticides labeled for organic viticulture show limited effectiveness towards leafhoppers. On the other hand, the response by naturally occurring predators and parasitoids to E. vulnerata populations in vineyards is often unable to keep leafhopper densities under levels that are acceptable for winegrowers. Here we evaluated the potential of two generalist predators, i.e., Chrysoperla carnea and Orius majusculus, in controlling E. vulnerata populations. Laboratory and semi-field experiments were carried out to evaluate both species' predation capacity on E. vulnerata nymphs. Then, predators were released in vineyards colonized by large E. vulnerata populations. Both predator species exhibited a remarkable voracity in the laboratory and significantly reduced leafhopper densities in semi-field experiments. Predator releases in vineyards reduced leafhopper densities by about 30%. Results obtained in laboratory, semi-field, and field experiments are discussed to implement these biocontrol agents' use in pest control tactics.
Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Feria-Díaz Jhon , López-Méndez María Cristina , Sandoval-Herazo Luis , Correa-Mahecha Felipe , Rodríguez-Miranda Juan
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Thermal desalination is yet a reliable technology in the treatment of brackish water and seawater; however, its demanding high energy requirements have lagged it compared to other non-thermal technologies such as reverse osmosis. This review provides an outline of the development and trends of the three most commercially used thermal or phase change technologies worldwide: Multi Effect Distillation (MED), Multi Stage Flash (MSF), and Vapor Compression Distillation (VCD). First, state of water stress suffered by regions with little fresh water availability and existing desalination technologies that could become an alternative solution are shown. The most recent studies published for each commercial thermal technology are presented, focusing on optimizing the desalination process, improving efficiencies, and reducing energy demands. Then, an overview of the use of renewable energy and its potential for integration into both commercial and non-commercial desalination systems is shown. Finally, research trends and their orientation towards hybridization of technologies and use of renewable energies as a relevant alternative to the current problems of brackish water desalination are discussed. This reflective and updated review will help researchers to have a detailed state of the art of the subject and to have a starting point for their research, since current advances and trends on thermal desalination are shown.
Assessing Current and Future Spatiotemporal Precipitation Variability and Trends Over Uganda, East Africa Based on Chirps and Regional Climate Models Datasets
Authors: Ngoma Hamida , Wen Wang , Ojara Moses , Ayugi Brian
Published: January 2021

The lack of reliable rainfall projection records remains a major challenge to Uganda. In the advent of extreme wetness or drought events, reliable rainfall estimates for local planning and adaptation are essential. The present study used two main datasets to conduct a historical analysis from 1981 to 2019, coupled with future projections under representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) for the period 2020-2050. Historical analysis revealed bimodal annual rainfall pattern for March-May (MAM) and September-November (SON) gradients representing heavier to lighter rainfall events respectively over the study area. Investigation of recent trends in rainfall patterns revealed an upward trend from 2010 onwards in annual and seasonal rainfall. Moreover, results for future projections show wet conditions are projected to occur over the study area between the months of April/May and October. Contrarily, March is likely to experience a reduction in wet conditions. Mann-Kendall test employed to make future projections of rainfall depicted decreasing patterns during MAM season whilst increasing tendencies with strong shift was highlighted for SON season over the study region. Meanwhile, annual projections indicate huge variations with linear trends showing a marginal increase as compared to historical trends. Findings would serve as baseline print to propel further studies that could delve into impact analysis of drought extreme events which pose significant threats to the agricultural sector which is heavily reliant on rainfall.
An Intra-Subject Approach Based on the Application of HMM to Predict Concentration in Educational Contexts From Non-Intrusive Physiological Signals Inreal-World Situations
Authors: Serrano-Mamolar Ana , Arevalillo-Herráez Miguel , G. Boticario Jesus
Published: January 2021

Emotion recognition is becoming very relevant in educational scenarios, since previous research has proven the strong influence of emotions on the student's engagement and motivation. There is no standard method for stating student's affect, but physiological signals have been widely used in educational contexts. Physiological signals have been proved to offer high accuracy in detecting emotions because they reflect spontaneous affect-related information, and which is fresh and do not require an additional control or interpretation. However, most proposed works use measuring equipment that limit its applicability in real-world scenarios because of their high cost and their intrusiveness. Expensive material means an economic challenge for schools and reduce the scalability of the experiments. Intrusive equipment can be uncomfortable for the students which can lead to errors in the collected data. In this work, we analyse the feasibility of developing a low-cost non-intrusive device that integrates easy-to-capture signals that guarantee high detection accuracy. The advantage of the approach also lies in using user’s centred information sources (intra-subject) in real-world situations, which provide better detection accuracy, by offering models adapted to each subject. To this end, we present an experimental study that aims to explore the potential application of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to predict the concentration state from 4 commonly used physiological signals, namely heart rate, breath rate, skin conductance and skin temperature. We study the multi-fusion of every possible combination of these four signals and analyse their potential use in an educational context in terms of intrusiveness, cost and accuracy. Results show that a high accuracy can be achieved with three of the signals when using HMM-based intra-subject models. However, inter-subject models, which are meant to obtain subject-independent approaches for affect detection, fail at the same task. This work concludes that the implementation of a low-cost wrist-worn device for recognising relevant emotions from each student is possible and open the way to a wide range of practical applications in the context of adaptive learning systems.
Measurements of Non-Grinding Forces and Power
Authors: Shi Zhongde ,   National Research Council Canada 5145 Ave. Decelles, Montréal, Québec H3T 2B2, Canada, Attia Helmi
Published: January 2021

Grinding forces and power are important parameters for evaluating grinding process performance, and they are typically measured in grinding experiments. Forces are typically measured using a load cell or a dynamometer, whereas power is measured using an electrical power sensor to monitor the power of the spindle motor. Direct readings of the measurements include the net grinding force and power components for material removal and non-grinding components such as the impingement of a grinding fluid. Therefore, the net components must be extracted from the direct readings. An approach to extracting the net grinding forces and power is to perform additional spark-out grinding passes with no down feed. The forces and power recorded in a complete spark-out pass are used as the non-grinding components. Subsequently, the net grinding components are obtained by subtracting the non-grinding components from the corresponding totals for actual grinding passes. The approach becomes less accurate when large depths of cut, particularly large depths of cut and short grinding lengths, are involved. A new experimental approach is developed in this study to measure the non-grinding force and power components and to extract the net components. Compared with the existing approach, the new approach is more accurate for grinding with large depths of cut or short grinding lengths. In this approach, two additional grinding passes on an easy-to-grind material, one with and the other without a grinding fluid, are conducted using the same setup and condition as those in the actual test material to measure the forces and power for obtaining the non-grinding components. Subsequently, these non-grinding components are used as the non-grinding components of the actual material and subtracted from the total force and power components of the actual material to obtain the net values. To illustrate the application of the approach, surface grinding experiments are conducted to collect the forces and power. The extracted net power is consistent with the power predicted with the extracted net forces.
Determinantes de la ocupación hotelera de los principales destinos de sol y playa de México
Authors: Ibañez Pérez Reyna María , Almendarez-Hernández Marco Antonio , Sánchez-Brito Ismael
Published: January 2021

En México, el crecimiento de la ocupación hotelera es asimétrico. Se analizó el comportamiento de variables turísticas a fin de identificar los determinantes de la ocupación hotelera en principales sitios de sol y playa. Con datos de panel desbalanceado y el estimador FGLS se examinó empíricamente la función de la tasa de ocupación. Corroborando que en los sitios con mayor afluencia y donde los viajeros prolongan más su permanencia, son más proclives a mostrar mejor desempeño en la variable analizada. Sin embargo, los establecimientos de tres y cuatro estrellas contribuyen en mayor medida. En este sentido, las estrategias de crecimiento de la infraestructura hotelera de tres y cuatro estrellas son relevantes debido al aumento en la demanda que han experimentado en el periodo estudiado, siempre y cuando no se desatiendan políticas que consistan en la atracción de consumidores a los hoteles de cinco y dos estrellas.
Employing the dynamics of the electrochemical interface at aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode
Authors: Becknell Nigel , Lopes Pietro , Hatsukade Toru , Zhou Xiuquan , Liu Yuzi , Fisher Brandon , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri , Markovic Nenad , Tepavcevic Sanja , Stamenkovic Vojislav
Published: January 2021

Intrinsically stable materials are desirable for constructing energy storage devices, which aim to demonstrate durability under the harsh electrochemical conditions that are detrimental to their lifespan. However, we demonstrate here that the intrinsic instability of an electrochemical interface can be converted from an obstacle into an advantage. In aqueous zinc-ion batteries, manganese oxide (MnO2) exhibits considerable dissolution even in electrolyte containing Mn2+ salt. Balancing with redeposition alleviates the harmful impact of dissolution on performance and alters the trajectory of the active phase. Inclusion of Mn2+ salt in the electrolyte induces MnO2 deposition on all conductive surfaces, requiring that distracting side reactions be eliminated to isolate the dynamics of the active phase. Under conditions favoring dissolution, capacity decreases dramatically and a highly crystalline tetragonal ZnMn2O4 phase forms, while redeposition helps maintain capacity and promotes a disordered cubic Zn-rich phase. Ultimately, this work aims to illuminate a path forward to unlock the potential of batteries made with materials that are fundamentally unstable in their operating environment.
Material diets for Climate-Neutral Buildings
Authors: Carcassi Olga , Habert Guillaume , Malighetti Laura , Pittau Francesco
Published: January 2021

The climate crisis is urging us to act fast. Buildings are a key leverage point to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the embodied emissions related with their construction remain often the hidden challenge of any ambitious policy. Since a complete material substitution is not possible, we explore in this paper a material greenhouse gas (GHG) compensation where fast growing bio-based insulation materials are used to compensate building elements which necessarily release GHG. Different material diets as well as different building typologies are modelled to assess the consequences in term of bio-based insulation requirement to reach climate-neutrality. Our results show that it is possible to build climate-neutral buildings with sufficient energy performance to fulfil current standards and with building components thickness within the range of current construction practices. This paper evidences that it is technically feasible and that climate-neutrality in construction sector without a radical technology breakthrough.
Irreversible Alteration of Extracellular Vesicle and Cell-Free Messenger RNA Profiles in Human Plasma Associated With Ex Vivo Platelet Activation
Authors: Kim Hyun Ji , Rames Matthew , Yunga Samuel Tassi , Armstrong Randall , Morita Mayu , Ngo Anh , McCarty Owen , Civitci Fehmi , Morgan Terry , Ngo Thuy
Published: January 2021

The discovery and utility of clinically relevant circulating biomarkers depend on standardized methods that minimize preanalytical errors. Here, we examined the preanalytical variations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell-free mRNA (cf-mRNA) profiles in human plasma and how post-freeze/thaw processing removes and retains EVs and cf-mRNA subtypes. Using multiparametric nanoscale flow cytometric analysis, which utilized forward light scatter, side scatter, and fluorescence intensity, we characterized the effect of specific preanalytical variables on vesicle subpopulations in human plasma. Cf-mRNA levels were measured by multiplexed RT-qPCR with a panel including housekeeping, platelet, and tissue-specific genes. We found that blood processing centrifugation and temperature strongly impacted the levels of residual platelets and platelet microvesicles. Intriguingly, exosome-sized events were more resistant to processing methods. We also examined the morphology of quiescent and activated platelets and platelet-derived EVs by electron microscopy. We demonstrated that platelet activation and fragmentation generated ex vivo vesicles similar to EVs in size, morphology, and canonical surface markers. Critically, freezing plasma containing residual platelets yielded irreversible ex vivo generation of new EV subpopulations and cf-mRNA transcripts, which were not removable by additional processing after freeze-thaw. In summary, we identified distinct subpopulations of EVs and cf-mRNA in human plasma that are differentially influenced by platelet activation and fragmentation during sample collection, processing, and banking via post freeze/thaw processing.
Transcriptomic and genomic analysis highlights the basis of ZYMV tolerance in zucchini
Authors: Amoroso Ciro , Andolfo Giuseppe , Capuozzo Claudio , Donato Antimo Di , Martinez Cecilia , Tomassoli Laura , Ercolano Maria
Published: January 2021

Background: Cucurbita pepo is high susceptible to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and the resistance found in several wild species does not provide complete or broad-spectrum resistance. In this study, a source of tolerance introgressed in C. pepo (381e) from C. moschata, in True French (TF) background, was investigated 12 days post inoculation (DPI) at transcriptomic and genomic levels. Results: A comparative RNA-seq experiment on TF (susceptible to ZYMV) and 381e (tolerant to ZYMV), allowed to evaluate 33,000 expressed transcripts and to identify 146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 381e, mainly involved in photosynthesis, transcription, cytoskeleton organization and callose synthesis. By contrast, the susceptible line True French triggered oxidative processes related to response to biotic stimulus, and key regulators of plant virus intercellular movement. Moreover, the genome mapping of transcripts allowed the identification of two chromosome regions rich in SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), putatively introgressed from C. moschata, containing genes exclusively expressed in 381e. Conclusion: The transcriptome reprogramming of 381e ZYMV challenged revealed a globally restoring of cellular activities and a reduced virus movement and replication. Furthermore, genes putatively involved in ZYMV tolerance were detected in C. moschata introgressed genomic regions. Our work provides new insight into the plant virus recovery process and a better understanding of the molecular basis of 381e tolerance.
The information provided at the antenatal clinic regarding foetal diagnostics -how is it perceived? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Carlsson Ylva , Strömbäck Pernilla , Lundgren Ingela
Published: January 2021

Background: Prenatal testing is voluntary and should be offered to all pregnant women in combination with sufficient information. Earlier studies have shown that pregnant women often felt the information given at the antenatal clinics about foetal diagnostics was lacking. Since new methods in foetal diagnostics are introduced into routine health care, there is an increased need for adequate information. The aim of this study was to examine how pregnant women and their partners perceive the information given at the antenatal clinic regarding foetal diagnostics, as well as to increase the understanding of how this information can be improved.Methods: A qualitative interview study was conducted in the Gothenburg area in Sweden. Ten women and seven partners expecting their first child were interviewed. The data was analysed using content analysis with an inductive approach.Results: The interview data generated three main categories and ten subcategories. The first category, ‘Diversity in the information perceived,’ concerned differences in the level of information perceived regarding voluntariness, the methods’ purpose and the possibility of abnormal findings. The second category, ‘Varying needs related to improved information,’ concerned the parents’ needs related to thorough information and pre-existing knowledge. The third category, ‘The midwife has a great impact on the information perceived,’ concerned sufficient and insufficient susceptibility and time to ask questions as well as varying experiences of the midwife’s attitude. Conclusions: Although previous research have already pointed out that information regarding foetal diagnostics is lacking, this study shows that there is still room for improvement. This is even more urgent now with new methods being introduced, which can make choices concerning foetal diagnostics even more complicated for the pregnant woman. The given information should be explicit concerning purpose, limitations and the voluntariness of prenatal testing. Sufficient time for questions and discussion was important to many who were interviewed. The diversity in answers among the participants in the study highlights the importance of considering the level of the parents’ pre-existing knowledge and their individual thoughts and questions and that it is important to adapt the information to the individual woman and partner.
A Novel Missense Mutation in NALCN Cause CLIFAHDD Syndrome and Prenatal Diagnosis in China
Authors: Li Yuping , Zhou Chenglong , Chen Yangran , shi Haihong , Chen Qiang , Li Ning , Zeng Qinlong , Hong Yan , Li Qing , Deng Choufen , Zhou Feng , Tan Jieliang , Yang Mei , Li Qiuli , Yang Yingsong , Feng Jianjiang , Sun Shuxiang , Tang Ziqian , Luo Liangping , Tang Jia
Published: January 2021

Background: CLIFAHDD is caused by mutation in NALCN and characterized by facial malformation, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Recently rare mutations in NALCN associated with of CLIFAHDD syndrome have been reported. Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied to a diagnosis suspected CLIFAHDD syndrome proband based on clinical symptoms. Blood samples were taken from the parents of the proband for co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. In addition, prenatal gene diagnosis was performed to the family. Finally bioinformatics analysis was utilized to predict the pathogenesis of novel variant. Result: We reported a 24-hour-old proband with a novel missense variant c.3016G>T (p.Val1006Phe) in NALCN by WES. The proband showed clinical symptoms of head abnormalities, neck shortage, thumbs adduction, positional foot deformities and elbows contracture. Prenatal diagnosis revealed that the proband’s sibling did not carry c.3016G>T. Conclusion: Our findings indicate c.3016G>T is a novel pathogenic mutation, while extending new phenotype CLIFAHDD syndrome and enriching the mutation spectrum of the NALCN gene.
Annotations of Recurrent Structural Variant Events in Pan-cancer Whole Genome Data for Precision Medicine
Authors: Koyama Takahiko , Hasegawa Takanori , Kasajima Rika , Shimizu Eigo , Tokumasu Reitaro , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Tojo Arinobu , Furukawa Yoichi , Weeraratne Dilhan , Willis Van , Snowdon Jane , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Miyano Satoru , Parida Laxmi , Yamaguchi Rui , Imoto Seiya
Published: January 2021

In personalized cancer genomic medicine, characterizing a patient’s molecular profile based on comprehensive information is important for maximizing treatment benefits. However, current cancer genome analysis is centered on single nucleotide variation (SNV), gene expression, and copy number variation (CNV) but places little emphasis on structural variations (SV) beside fusions. To date, investigation of SVs has been limited because SV analysis entails a cumbersome annotation process. This study describes the design, development, and implementation of an annotation tool for SV, termed SVAnnotator. Detailed annotation was performed on the results of SV detection of 2,781 whole genome samples from the ICGC/TCGA PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) with identifications of fusion, exon skipping, gene disruption, and tandem duplication SVs. These annotations of SVs will facilitate understanding of molecular events and further enhance utilities of precision medicine in stratifications, pathogenicity assessments and drug responses. Frequent novel SV events in MACROD2, FHIT, WWOX and CCSER1 were observed across many cancers. Importantly, SV events were frequently identified in well-established tumor suppressor genes including RB1, NF1, PTEN and TP53. As such, it is plausible that potential therapeutic opportunities are overlooked when SV analysis is not appropriately performed. Given the frequency of SVs detected in our study, SVanalysis with detailed annotation should be a routine part of comprehensive precision medicine analysis, and further studies are warranted to enhance clinical benefits as well as our understanding of uncharacterized SV events.
Association Between Serum Procalcitonin Levels and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Fu Guang , He Xi-si , Cao Xiao-peng , Li Hao-li , Zhan Hai-chao , Lu Jun-fu , Chen Yan-hong , Yang Zi-Long , Huang Jia-jia , Zhou Zhi-peng , Feng Yong-wen , Luan Ying-yi , Wu Ming
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To investigated the relationships between procalcitonin (PCT) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during septic shock. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, which included septic shock patients admitted into intensive care unit (ICU) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. DIC was defined as international society of thrombosis and homeostasis criteria (ISTH≥5). PCT was based on the first value after admission into ICU and the routine biochemical coagulation data based on the worst value extracted from electronic medical records within 24 hours on admission into ICU.Results: Among 2156 patients screened, 164 patients with septic shock were included in the finally analysis and 35.4% (58/164) of whom developed DIC after admission. PCT level was significantly higher in septic shock patients who developed DIC than those who did not (54.6[13.6-200] vs12.6[2.4-53.3] ng/ml, P <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that PCT (OR=1.011, 95% CI 1.006- 1.016, P<0.001) was associated with DIC during septic shock. Curve fitting showed a positive correlation between PCT and DIC. The Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that the cut-off point for PCT to predict DIC during septic shock was 42.1ng/ml, with sensitivity 60.34%, specificity72.74% and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.701(95% CI [0.619-0.784], P<0.001). Interestingly, PCT increased early detection of DIC during septic shock compared with other risk factors(P=0.012)Conclusions: Our data suggest that PCT level over 42.1ng/ml on admission is associated with DIC during septic shock, and PCT is a potential predictive factor of DIC induced by septic shock at early stage.
The Role of Early Growth Response 1 in the Prognostic Value and Cell Migration of Breast Cancer
Authors: Hao Leiyu , Huang Fengru , Yu Xinqian , Xu Bujie , Liu Yan , Zhang Yan , Zhu Yichao
Published: January 2021

Background: Early growth response family members (EGRs), EGR1-4, have increasingly attracted attention in multiple cancers. However, the exact expression patterns and prognostic values of EGRs in the progress of breast cancer (BRCA) remain largely unknown. Methods: The mRNA expression and prognostic characteristics of EGRs were examined by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Enrichment analyses were conducted based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and MethSurv were further explored. The protein expression level of EGR1 and cell migration were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay in BRCA. Results: The transcriptional levels of EGR1/2/3 displayed significantly low expression in BRCA compared to that in normal tissues, while EGR4 was shown adverse expression pattern. Survival analysis revealed up-regulated EGR1-4 were remarkably associated with favorable relapse-free survival (RFS). A close correlation with specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and several CpG sites of EGRs were exhibited. Immunohistochemistry assays showed that the protein expression of EGR1 was remarkably downregulated in BRCA compared to that in paracancerous tissues. Cell migration of MCF10A cells was increased after the silence of EGR1 by siRNA transfection.Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight to the role of EGR1 in the prognostic value and cell migration of BRCA.
Value added and Profitability analysis of bamboo products in case of Banja district Awi zone Amhara regional state Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Mulat , Alemu Asmamaw , Dagnew Abebe
Published: January 2021

Background

Bamboo meets a rising and diverse consumer demands and generates income and contribute to reforestation and climate change mitigation due to its rapid growth and environmentally friendly character. Most bamboo processing enterprises and farmer and consumers use manual technology and produce less durable products. Since there is no research conducted in the area related to profitability of different bamboo products and the distribution of value added Therefore, this study aims to analyse the profitability of bamboo products for producers, traders and processors in the same way it analyses the value added distribution among different agents.
Methods

To collect primary data 122 smallholder bamboo producers, 13 traders and 16 bamboo product processors were selected. To analyse the data descriptive statistics were employed.
Results

On average producers supply 374.79 bamboo culms and earn revenue of 7,623.23 ETB. The total value added at the producer level was 15.64 ETB per culm. On average local traders, retailers and wholesalers earn 7.52%, 9.51% and 9.23% of profit Margin and these traders earn average revenue of 66,420 ETB, 129,360ETB and 280,343 ETB respectively. Traditional bamboo product processors produce 687 traditional bamboo chairs on average per year and gained 3.06 ETB/culm as a net profit. Bamboo furniture enterprises on average process 823 modern bamboo chair per year and they earn 197.91 ETB per chair as a net profit. Higher value is added at bamboo furniture enterprise level and lower value is added at producer and trader level.
Conclusion

The result of the study revealed that all actors have positive profit and value is added by different chain actors and distributed to different agents. Bamboo furniture enterprises gained higher profit margin than traditional bamboo processors. The contribution of the bamboo sector to the government economy is limited. Based on the finding of the study, an effort should be made to increase the contribution of the sector to the national economy. In addition to this, providing working capital and working place and enhancing the processors’ skill and capacity to transform the business into more modern and profitable bamboo furniture enterprise is advisable.