bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Ownership Chain And Its Evaluation Arrangement
Authors: Voynarenko Mykhailo , Hurochkina Viktoriya , Sushkova Olena , Yepifanova Iryna
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a beneficial ownership chain. Nowadays international environment, there is an intensification of the movement of financial flows, which is inextricably linked to the checks on persons of business owners by the Controlling Authorities. Applying an effective valuation methodology and the availability of interconnected databases on corporate ownership becomes the only way to ensure the prosperity of business law and the ultimate beneficiary. Authors of the article consider the theoretical foundations of the conceptual framework of the final beneficial owner, which is a key link in the chain of ownership. The specification of the beneficial ownership chain and the methodology for calculating the beneficial property index are explained, and it proves the existence or absence of the final beneficiary.
Models Of Forecasting Of Enterprise’s Behavior In Non-Stationary External Environment
Authors: RAYEVNYEVA Olena , TOUZANI TARIK
Published: February 2021

In conditions of a high level of market economy instability, an enterprise's behavior is a complex phenomenon that depends on the impact of numerous external and internal factors. This determines the need to develop specific tools for modeling the behavior of the production system to support its competitiveness. The article is devoted to the construction of forecasting models of an enterprise's behavior, namely: 1) a predicting model of the production system's activities that combines the resource capabilities of the enterprise with the state and prospects of branch development; 2) a model of determining the sustainability of the enterprise's development trajectory. The first model contains the production component in the form of the Cobb-Douglas function; financial, labor, innovative and enterprise’s image components, represented by autoregressive functions. The specifically feature of the constructed model is to use capital and labor resources of the enterprise as factors that ensure the transfer and interaction of internal and external fluctuations of the production system. To using factors of the export volume and the gross value added of the branch in the enterprise’s image component allowed to have regard to the development opportunities of the enterprise in the national economy. To determine the stability of the enterprise's development trajectory, the study uses Lyapunov's theory of stability. The general integral factor proposes to use as a factor that reflects the trend of the enterprise’s behavior. Models tested on the data of two industrial enterprises in Morocco.
Linkages between gold and emerging Asian stock markets: New evidence from the Chinese stock market crash
Authors: Yousaf Imran , Ali Shoaib
Published: February 2021

This study examines the return and volatility transmission between gold and nine emerging Asian Stock Markets during the global financial crisis and the Chinese stock market crash. We use the VAR-AGARCH model to estimate return and volatility spillovers over the period from January 2000 through June 30, 2018. The results reveal the substantial return and volatility spillovers between the gold and emerging Asian stock markets during the global financial crisis and the Chinese stock market crash. However, these return and volatility transmissions vary across the pairs of stock markets and the financial crises. Besides, we analyze the optimal portfolios and hedge ratios between gold and emerging Asian stock markets during all sample periods. Our findings have important implications for effective hedging and diversification strategies, asset pricing and risk management.
Financial development and economic growth in the CEPGL region: evidence based on panel data
Authors: Biringanine Alexis Nyamugira , Mzee Kazamwali
Published: February 2021

This paper contributes to the huge debate on the relationship between financial development and the economic growth. The evidence is applied to the CEPGL (Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs) region. Previous studies have concluded either to the absence of connection between the two spheres, to a unidirectional or bidirectional relationship, or to a differentiated connection depending on the economic status of development of the country. The research design applied in this research has been inspired by the reality of the region by running an Error Correction Model for each country and a fixed effects model on panel data for the whole region. Therefore, we estimated econometric models from a series of macroeconomic data relating to the depth, and the accessibility of the financial system. The data used in this study range from 1976 to 2013. Insights from this study show that the financial system of the region is extremely underdeveloped, a weak connection between the financial and the economic sphere, in addition to an ambivalent sense of causality.
Revolving cards: A financial analysis of the credit repayment and legal implications
Authors: Cruz Rambaud Salvador , Vargas Salvador Cruz
Published: February 2021

The framework of this paper is credit card holding by users and consumers, more specifically, the so-called revolving cards. In most cases, the true interest rate applied to a credit is much higher than its nominal interest rate. Usually, this is due to the existence of some fees to be paid by the holder, and to the process of splitting the periods of interest. However, the contracted annual interest rate of revolving cards is very high which, together with the peculiar amortization system, gives rise to an excessive amount of interests. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze, from a legal and financial point of view, the main characteristics of the credit repayment in revolving cards. We conclude that the complete amortization of the principal needs a long duration and the payment of a high amount of interests.
An Application of VECM to Investigate the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Poverty: New Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Mahwish , Sabir Saeed Ahmed , Manzoor Shagufta , Isran Manzoor Ali , Kousar Shazia
Published: February 2021

Poverty is a crucial and worldwide phenomenon. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship exists between socio-economic factors, social factors, and poverty, the relative influence of economic and social factors on poverty and to describe causality between time series in the VAR system. This study utilized the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by using quarterly time-series data, 1994Q1 to 2018Q4, that have been collected from the world development indicators (WDI) and Economic Survey of Pakistan. The study identified education, unemployment, inflation as economic factors while zakat and rainfall as social factors that can reduce poverty. The findings of this study indicate that inflation and unemployment have a positive and significant relationship with poverty in the long run in Pakistan while education, rainfall, social welfare programs, and zakat has a negative relationship in the long run with poverty. Besides, the study also found that in the short run, there is no relationship between economic and social factors with poverty. Moreover, the study found that in the long run that the relative contribution of education and rain increases, 28% and 20%, is greater than the contribution of inflation, social welfare programs, unemployment and zakat, 3.8%, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 0.08%. Similarly, its contribution to poverty reduces up to 44% in the long run. This study helps policymakers to take important decisions about economic and social factors while designing policies to reduce poverty. The results suggest that the state bank of Pakistan should adopt a contractionary monetary policy to control inflation and policymakers can develop policies like education for all. The government should develop a business environment to create more employment opportunities.
Modelling the Nexus Between Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Case of Afghanistan and Egypt
Authors: Villanthenkodath Muhammed Ashiq , Mushtaq Ubaid
Published: February 2021

This paper tries to explore the existence of a long-run relationship between foreign aid and economic growth by using the data from the two highest foreign aid recipient countries. Using the annual time series data from 1965 to 2017 this study uses several econometric models such as Johansen and Juselius cointegration, Granger causality and vector auto regression to establish the long and short-run relationships among foreign aid inflows and economic growth while also considering financial development and trade openness from both the countries. The empirical results suggest that no long-run relationship exists among foreign aid inflows and economic growth for both the countries. However, unidirectional causality running from foreign aid to economic growth is indicative in both countries. Therefore, the findings in this paper support the adequate need for foreign aid for effective economic growth amid an upright policy environment, related issues of conditionality and political stability. Our results are robust to independent, and control variables and estimation techniques are also on par with robustness.
Effect of Liquidity, Credit, and Solvency Risk on Corporate Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Economies & Developed Countries
Authors: Isran Manzoor Ali , Hussain Anwar , Aslam Hafiz M. Shahid Irfan , Bahoo Salman
Published: February 2021

This study aims to evaluate the relationship of liquidity risk, credit risk, solvency risk with corporate innovation in five emerging and nine developed countries during the period from 2002-2017. In this regard, we include 1304 firms’ data which is collected from Compustat. In addition, two-step system dynamic panel estimation is applied to evaluate the defined relationship. We found that credit risk and solvency risk are basic drivers to enhance the corporate innovation in selected countries. We found that credit risk and solvency risk have significant relationship with corporate innovation. Furthermore, liquidity risk has not found relationship with corporate innovation. Key words: Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, Solvency Risk, Corporate Innovation
Regional projection of the growth pole theory: foreign and Russian experience
Authors: Leontyev Alexander , Novikova Natalya Valerevna
Published: February 2021

In the modern context, each country is interested in the new sources of economic growth. The authors believe that the source of economic growth can lie in the spatial factors of regional development – the so-called “growth poles”. This article discusses the Russian and foreign experience of using the growth poles to accelerate regional development. The subject of this research is the spatial-economic processes that take place in terms of implementation of the “growth pole” strategy in Russian and foreign practices. The object of this research is regions of the Russian Federation and regions of the foreign countries, in the territory of which the practice of “growth poles” development was implemented. The goal of this article is to present the regional projection of scientific foundation of growth pole theory relying on the works of leading scholars, as well as advanced national and foreign experience. The author’s special contribution consists in generalization of information pertaining to the use of the “growth pole” concept in the relevant strategic planning documents. The novelty lies in the hypothesis on classification of growth poles in Russian practice, the number of growth poles in the territory of the Russian Federation. The acquired results allow assessing the Russian and foreign experience in implementation of the growth pole theory, determining the factors and conditions for achieving the goals and objectives of the strategies of polarized regional development in the Russian Federation and foreign countries.
Game simulation “The City Started by You”
Authors: Voronin Vadim Olegovich , Grebennikova Anna Aleksandrovna , Maslyakov Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: February 2021

This article examines the scenario of game simulation “The City Started by You”. The game represents an information platform built on the basis of online game, where the players select a city they would like live in and the services they would like to use. The players are also given the opportunity to discuss and make management decisions regarding the development of their city. The game touches upon such questions as solidarity in society, meaning of paying taxes, value of local democracy, proactive budgeting, and implementation of direct online democracy. The game is aimed at the development of the skills for classification of the topical issues and separate delegated authority, liaising between the authorities and officials of the city’s self-governance and the residents, as well as engagement of city residents in urban management. The computer game not only calculates the consequences of the made by the student management decisions, but also takes into account the factors of the internal and external environment. It is noted that this game can be used as educational in schools and universities, as well as for increasing information transparency between the executive branches and municipal officials. The latter would require conducing educational online games within the framework of group classes with the municipal officials. The use of remote technologies built on the basis of game simulation “The City Started by You” allows to consider and analyze alternate solutions of topical issues, work out spatial development strategies, and form project thinking. Game simulator Constant improvements in the area of ensuring transparency of the local self-governance is essential for increasing public confidence in the local authorities, effective solution of topical issues, and successful conduct of the reforms.
Transfer of Ownership and Preservation of Anti-apartheid Movement Liberation Archives: Memories of the African National Congress of South Africa
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: February 2021

This study examined the transfer of ownership and preservation of the anti-apartheid movement (AAM) archives. The purpose of the paper is to present empirical research findings regarding the compliance of the African National Congress (ANC) with principles of ownership and preservation during the digitisation of liberation archives. The research grounding this paper used a qualitative method that allowed the triangulation of data collection methods. Interview data were augmented through interviews, document analysis and observation. The findings revealed the ANC’s non-compliance with some of the principles of ownership during the digitisation of liberation archives. The unauthorised digitisation of some of the AAM liberation archives has created a legal dispute relating to ownership. The study concludes that organisations which embark on a digitisation project, must adhere to the principles of ownership. Furthermore, the successful implementation of digitisation requires collaboration and partnerships between project owners and technological companies.
Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes da graduação de medicina
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria Gonçalves , Andrade Bárbara Lima , Ferreira Giovanna Cordeiro , Monteaperto João Victor Marques , Perduca Rafaella Gregori , Hungaro Thiago Alves , Kurihara Ana Carolina Zanin Sacoman
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Medicina. Métodos: Foi aplicada a escala adaptada Maslach Bournout Inventory - Studant Survey (MBI-SS) em acadêmicos do primeiro ao décimo período da graduação, para que seja avaliada a prevalência da síndrome nessa população. Os procedimentos metodológicos se baseiam em um estudo observacional transversal, adotando a aplicação da escala MBI modificada (MBI-SS) em estudantes do curso de Medicina, utilizando a ferramenta “Formulários Google”. Resultados: Os estudantes possuem uma discreta tendência ao desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout. Os escores apresentaram-se moderados em “Exaustão emocional” e baixos em “Descrença”, mas altos em “Eficácia profissional”, não definindo a Síndrome de Burnout nas turmas investigadas. Entretanto, evidenciou-se que os estudantes do 4º período do curso tiveram um escore maior em relação à exaustão emocional. Em contraponto, aqueles que já estavam no internato, não apresentaram escores discrepantes em relação às demais turmas. Conclusão: Os escores encontrados não evidenciaram a Síndrome nas turmas investigadas. Entretanto, constatou-se que determinadas turmas apresentaram escores mais elevados em relação a outras, sendo significativos para possível surgimento futuro da síndrome.
The “Allegorical Ornateness” in Children’s Portraits of the 18th Century
Authors: Abdullina Darina A.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the emergence and development features of the symbolic and emblematic system of children’s portraits in the 18th century. Children’s portraits, as well as the history of childhood in general, attract more and more attention of Russian and Western researchers; the largest museums of the country and the world devote their exhibition projects to this subject. This paper shows, for the first time, how symbols have been “reinterpreted” in accordance with the changes in the attitude of Russian society to the nature of childhood and in the artistic environment at that time, the “formulas” of its presentation in art. The article considers in detail the specifics of using a number of attributes by Russian artists in the context of children’s portrait images: books, floral symbols, animals and birds, toys and other items. As examples, there are considered the works of “capital” and “provincial” artists of the 18th century: I.Ya. Vishnyakov, F.S. Rokotov, D.G. Levitsky, V.L. Borovikovsky, as well as a number of authors whose names remain unknown. Special attention is paid to the issue of borrowing symbols, signs and metaphors from Western European art, their adaptation and transformation in Russian painting, taking into account national ideas about children and their subject environment. The article concludes that the children’s portrait symbolic sphere went through a difficult path during the 18th century, from a tool for personifying the male or female adulthood of a young model to creating the image of a child as a romantic symbol of the world of childhood, an elusive ideal.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT LATIHAN TANGKAPAN PENCAK SILAT
Authors: Syamsiah Siti , Purnomo Edi , Gustian Uray
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan alat latihan tangkapan pencak silat sebagai alat bantu latihan yang dapat digunakan oleh pelatih untuk melatih teknik tangkapan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan dengan dengan beberapa langkah, yakni: menelaah potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, pembuatan produk, validasi ahli, revisi produk, uji coba produk, revisi produk dan uji coba pemakaian. Validasi oleh ahli material, ahli praktisi, 15 responden sebagai uji coba tahap pertama uji produk dan 30 responden media alat bantu latihan tangkapan pencak silat. Hal ini dapat di lihat dari hasil sebagai uji coba tahap kedua uji pemakaian produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “Alat Latihan Tangkapan Pencak Silat” dikategorikan Layak digunakan sebagai penilaian dari ahli material sebesar 94,28% dan ahli praktisi 80,91% serta uji coba produk skala kecil 86% dan uji coba pemakaian skala besar 96%. Dengan demikian kesimpulan bahwa Pengembangan Alat Latihan Tangkapan Pencak Silat telah dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai alat bantu latihan
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RENDAHNYA PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN JASMANI
Authors: Aenon Nur , Iskandar I , Rejeki Hendriana Sri
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini rendahnya prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani. Belum diketahui penyebab rendahnya prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani pada siswa kelas IV SDN 8. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN 8 Mamboro yang ada di Kecamatan Palu Utara. Sampel adalah 40 siswa kelas IV SDN 8 Kecamatan Palu Utara.  Instrumen Penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi, angket, wawancara serta disertai dengan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor penyebab rendahnya prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani Utara antara lain berasal dari 1) faktor internal anak didik, 2) Kurangnya fasilitas belajar pendidikan jasmani dan adanya faktor lingkungan sekolah, 3) faktor dari lingkungan sekolah, 4) faktor dari guru, 5) faktor dari lingkungan keluarga.
(t,n) Threshold d-level QSS based on QFT
Authors: Roy Sarbani , Mukhopadhyay Sourav
Published: February 2021

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important branch of secure multiparty quantum computation. Several schemes for (n, n) threshold QSS based on quantum Fourier transformation (QFT) have been proposed. Inspired by the flexibility of (t, n) threshold schemes, Song {\it et al.} (Scientific Reports, 2017) have proposed a (t, n) threshold QSS utilizing QFT. Later, Kao and Hwang (arXiv:1803.00216) have identified a {loophole} in the scheme but have not suggested any remedy. In this present study, we have proposed a (t, n)threshold QSS scheme to share a d dimensional classical secret. This scheme can be implemented using local operations (such as QFT, generalized Pauli operators and local measurement) and classical communication. Security of the proposed scheme is described against outsider and participants' eavesdropping.
Localization and discrete probability function of Szegedy’s quantum search one-dimensional cycle with self-loops
Authors: Xu Mengke , Liu Zhihao , Chen Hanwu , Zheng Sihao
Published: February 2021

We study the localization and the discrete probability function of a quantum search on the one-dimensional (1D) cycle with self-loops for n vertices and m marked vertices. First, unmarked vertices have no localization since the quantum search on unmarked vertices behaves like the 1D three-state quantum walk (3QW) and localization does not occur with nonlocal initial states on a 3QW, according to residue calculations and the Riemann-Lebesgue theorem. Second, we show that localization does occur on the marked vertices and derive an analytic expression for localization by the degenerate 1-eigenvalues contributing to marked vertices. Therefore localization can contribute to a quantum search. Furthermore, we emphasize that localization comes from the self-loops. Third, using the localization of a quantum search, the asymptotic average probability distribution (AAPD) and the discrete probability function (DPF) of a quantum search are obtained. The DPF shows that Szegedy’s quantum search on the 1D cycle with self-loops spreads ballistically.
Testing the context-independence of quantum gates
Authors: Veitia Andrzej , van Enk Steven J.
Published: February 2021

The actual gate performed on, say, a qubit in a quantum computer may depend, not just on the actual laser pulses and voltages we programmed to implement the gate, but on its context as well. For example, it may depend on what gate has just been applied to the same qubit, or on how much a long series of previous laser pulses has been heating up the qubit's environment. This paper analyzes several tests to detect such context-dependent errors (which include various types of non-Markovian errors). A key feature of these tests is that they are robust against both state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors and gate-dependent errors. Since context-dependent errors are expected to be small in practice, it becomes important to carefully analyze the effects of statistical fluctuations and so we investigate the power and precision of our tests as functions of the number of repetitions and the length of the sequences of gates. From our tests an important quantity emerges: the logarithm of the determinant (log-det) of a probability (relative frequency) matrix $\mP.$ For this reason, we derive the probability distribution of the log-det estimates which we then use to examine the performance of our tests for various single- and two-qubit sets of measurements and initial states. Finally, we emphasize the connection between the log-det and the degree of reversibility (the unitarity) of a context-independent operation.
[89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4 Allows Direct Radiolabelling and PET Imaging of Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Khan Azalea , Man Francis , Faruqu Farid , Kim Jana , Al-Salemee Fahad , Volpe Alessia , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Al-Jamal Khuloud T. , T. M. de Rosales Rafael
Published: February 2021

89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4 allows direct radiolabelling of exosomes/small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and in vivo PET-CT imaging
Introduction to Machine Learning for Chemists: An Undergraduate Course Using Python Notebooks for Visualization, Data Processing, Data Analysis, and Data Modeling
Authors: Lafuente Deborah , Cohen Brenda , Fiorini Guillermo , García Agustín , Bringas Mauro , Morzan Ezequiel , Onna Diego
Published: February 2021

Machine Learning, a subdomain of Artificial intelligence, is a pervasive technology that would mold how chemists interact with data. Therefore, it is a relevant skill to incorporate into the toolbox of any chemistry student. This work presents a course that introduces machine learning for chemistry students based on a set of Python Notebooks and assignments. Python language, one of the most popular programming languages, allows for free software and resources, which ensures availability. The course is constructed for students without previous experience in programming, leading to an incremental progression in depth and complexity that covers both programming and machine learning concepts. The examples used are related to real data from physicochemical characterizations of wines, producing an attractive material that captures the interest of students. Topics included are Introduction to Python, Basic Statistics, Data Visualization and Dimension Reduction, Classification, and Regression.
Harnessing the Power of Multi-GPU Acceleration into the Quantum Interaction Computational Kernel Program
Authors: Manathunga Madushanka , Jin Chi , Cruzeiro Vinicius , Miao Yipu , Mu Dawei , Arumugam Kamesh , Keipert Kristopher , Aktulga Hasan Metin , Merz, Jr. Kenneth M. , Goetz Andreas
Published: February 2021

We report a new multi-GPU capable ab initio Hartree-Fock/density functional theory implementation integrated into the open source QUantum Interaction Computational Kernel (QUICK) program. Details on the load balancing algorithms for electron repulsion integrals and exchange correlation quadrature across multiple GPUs are described. Benchmarking studies carried out on up to 4 GPU nodes, each containing 4 NVIDIA V100-SMX2 type GPUs demonstrate that our implementation is capable of achiev- ing excellent load balancing and high parallel efficiency. For representative medium to large size protein/organic molecular sys- tems, the observed efficiencies remained above 86%. The accelerations on NVIDIA A100, P100 and K80 platforms also have real- ized parallel efficiencies higher than 74%, paving the way for large-scale ab initio electronic structure calculations.
A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Electrochemical pH Control at Gold Interdigitated Microband Arrays
Authors: Patella Bernardo , Daly Robert , Seymour Ian , Lovera Pierre , Rohan James , Inguanta Rosslinda , O'Riordan Alan , O'sullivan Benjamin
Published: February 2021

In electroanalysis, solution pH is a critical parameter that often needs to be adjusted and controlled for the detection of particular analytes. This is most commonly performed by the addition of chemicals, such as strong acids or bases. Electrochemical in-situ pH control offers the possibility for the local adjustment of pH at the point of detection, without additional reagents. FEA simulations have been performed to guide experimental design for both electroanalysis and in-situ control of solution pH. No previous model exists that describes the generation of protons at an interdigitated electrode array in buffered solution with one comb acting as a protonator, and the other as the sensor. In this work, FEA models are developed to provide insight into the optimum conditions necessary for electrochemical pH control. The magnitude of applied galvanostatic current has a direct relation to the flux of protons generated and subsequent change in pH. Increasing the separation between the electrodes increases the time taken for protons to diffuse across the gap. The final pH achieved at both, protonators and sensor electrodes, after 1 second, was shown to be largely uninfluenced by the initial pH of the solution. The impact of buffer concentration was modelled and investigated. In practice, the pH at the electrode surface was probed by means of cyclic voltammetry, i.e., by cycling a gold electrode in solution and identifying the potential of the gold oxide reduction peak. A pH indicator, methyl red, was used to visualise the solution pH change at the electrodes, comparing well with the model’s prediction
The Search for Molecular Corks Beyond Carbon Monoxide: A Quantum Mechanical Study of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adsorption on Pd/Cu(111) and Pt/Cu(111) Single Atom Alloys
Authors: Simpson Scott
Published: February 2021

Periodic Density Functional Theory calculations reveal the potential application of 10 imidazole based N-heterocyclic carbenes to behave as “molecular corks” for hydrogen storage on single atom alloys, comprised of Pd/Cu(111) or Pt/Cu(111). Calculations show that functionalizing the NHC with different electron withdrawing/donating functional groups results in different binding energies of the NHC with the alloy surfaces. The results are compared to DFT calculations of carbon monoxide bound to these alloys. The Huynh electronic parameter (is calculated for several simple imidazole NHCs to gauge σ-donor ability, while Se-NMR of and P-NMR calculations of selenourea derivatives and carbene-phosphinidene adducts, respectively, have been utilized to gauge π-acidity of the NHCs. It is demonstrated that consideration of both σ and π donating/accepting ability must be considered when predicting the surface-adsorbate binding energy. It was found that electron withdrawing groups tend to weaken the NHC-surface interaction while electron withdrawing substituents tend to strengthen the interaction.
Figure-of-Eight Helicene Carbon Nanohoop with Möbius Topology
Authors: Malinčík Juraj , Gaikwad Sudhakar , Boillat Marc-Aurèle , Häussinger Daniel , Solomek Tomas
Published: February 2021

We present design and synthesis of a new class of chiral figure-of-eight carbon nanohoops by integrating [6]helicene into [7]cycloparaphenylene. The stereogenic [6]helicene unit endows the helicene carbon nanohoop with chiroptical properties and configurational stability typical for higher helicenes, while the presence of radially conjugated oligo-p-phenylene moiety provides the optoelectronic properties similar to meta[8]cycloparaphenylene, such as emission of visible light with a high quantum yield. We discovered that the synthesized helicene carbon nanohoop possesses a Mobius topology in solution and confirmed this hypothesis by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Our results suggest that a single helicene stereogenic unit and high molecular strain are sufficient to induce Mobius topology in molecular nanocarbon systems.
Lithium Ion Battery Materials as Tunable, Redox Non-Innocent Catalyst Supports
Authors: Chapovetsky Alon , Witzke Ryan J. , Kennedy Robert , Wegener Evan , Dogan Fulya , Patel Prajay , Ferrandon Magali , Niklas Jens , Poluektov Oleg , Rui Ning , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Rodriguez José A. , Johnson Christopher , Jenks Cynthia , Kropf A. Jeremy , Liu Cong , Delferro Massimiliano , Kaphan David
Published: February 2021

The development of general strategies for the electronic tuning of a catalyst’s active site is an ongoing challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. To this end we report the application of cathode and anode materials as redox non-innocent catalyst supports that can be continuously modulated as a function of lithium intercalation. A zero valent nickel complex was oxidatively grafted onto the surface of lithium manganese oxide (LixMn2O4) to yield single-sites of Ni2­+ (Ni/LixMn2O4). Its activity for olefin hydrogenation was found to be a function of the redox state of the support material, with the most lithiated variant showing the most activity. X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and electron microscopy techniques established the nature of the nickel species on LixMn2O4. Catalyst control through support redox non-innocence was extended to an organotantalum complex on lithium titanium oxide (LixTiO2), demonstrating the generality of this phenomenon.
Thermochemical Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis in Water Proceeds via Coupled Electrochemical Half-Reactions
Authors: Ryu Jaeyune , Bregante Daniel , Howland William C. , Bisbey Ryan P. , Kaminsky Corey J. , Surendranath Yogesh
Published: February 2021

Heterogeneous aqueous-phase aerobic oxidations are an important emerging class of catalytic transformations, particularly for upgrading next generation bio-derived substrates. The mechanism of these reactions and the precise role of O2 in particular remains unclear. Herein, we test the hypothesis that thermochemical aerobic oxidation proceeds via two coupled electrochemical half-reactions for oxygen reduction and substrate oxidation. We collect electrochemical and thermochemical data on common noble metal catalysts under identical reaction/transport environments, and find that the electrochemical polarization curves of the O2 reduction and the substrate oxidation half-reaction closely predict the mixed potential of the catalyst measured in operando during thermochemical catalysis across 13 diverse variables spanning reaction conditions, catalyst composition, reactant identity, and pH. Additionally, we find that driving the oxidation half-reaction reaction electrochemically in the absence of O2 at the mixed potential leads to very similar rates and selectivities as for the thermochemical reaction in all cases examined. These findings strongly indicate that the role of O2 in thermochemical aerobic oxidation is solely as an electron scavenger that provides an incipient electrochemical driving force for substrate oxidation. These studies provide a quantitative and predictive link between thermochemical and electrochemical catalysis, thereby enabling the rational design of new thermochemical liquid-phase aerobic oxidation schemes by applying the principles of electrochemistry.
SIMPLIFICACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA PARA MEJORAR LA ATENCIÓN AL CIUDADANO EN TRAMIFÁCIL EN LA MUNICIPALIDAD PROVINCIAL DE LAMBAYEQUE
Authors: Cubas Salazar, Estudiante Lorena Liseth , Heredia Llatas, Mg. Flor Delicia
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal Proponer nuevas alternativas basadas en la simplificación administrativa para mejorar la atención al ciudadano en Tramifácil Municipalidad Provincial de Lambayeque 2020, la metodología utilizada fue él el tipo descriptivo y su diseño no experimental, la población de estudio estuvo conformada por 38 ciudadanos que han realizado algún trámite y 36 administrativos como unidades de estudio y su selección fue por conveniencia, como técnica se utilizó la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados fueron que el nivel de atención al ciudadano es deficiente porque no se está teniendo una buena experiencia en la atención al ciudadano. Se concluye que las deficiencias en cuanto a la simplificación administrativa de la institución se lograron evidenciar que no se está utilizando la tecnología de manera adecuada, asimismo la falta de capacitación para el personal genera inconvenientes al momento de la atención al ciudadano porque demoran mucho en darle una solución a su problema generando de esta manera una mala experiencia al ciudadano es por ello que se recomienda tomar acciones necesarias que le permitan llevar a cabo un mejor desarrollo de sus actividades mediante acciones correctivas.
A review of artificial intelligence for EEG‐based brain−computer interfaces and applications
Authors: Cao Zehong
Published: February 2021

The advancement in neuroscience and computer science promotes the ability of the human brain to communicate and interact with the environment, making brain–computer interface (BCI) top interdisciplinary research. Furthermore, with the modern technology advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, there is vast growing interest in the electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based BCIs for AI‐related visual, literal, and motion applications. In this review study, the literature on mainstreams of AI for the EEG‐based BCI applications is investigated to fill gaps in the interdisciplinary BCI field. Specifically, the EEG signals and their main applications in BCI are first briefly introduced. Next, the latest AI technologies, including the ML and DL models, are presented to monitor and feedback human cognitive states. Finally, some BCI‐inspired AI applications, including computer vision, natural language processing, and robotic control applications, are presented. The future research directions of the EEG‐based BCI are highlighted in line with the AI technologies and applications.
Demystifying signal processing techniques to extract task-related EEG responses for psychologists
Authors: Zhang Libo , Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Fengrui , Gu Ruolei , Peng Weiwei , Hu Li
Published: February 2021

To investigate neural mechanisms of human psychology with electroencephalography (EEG), we typically instruct participants to perform certain tasks with simultaneous recording of their brain activities. The identification of task‐related EEG responses requires data analysis techniques that are normally different from methods for analyzing resting‐state EEG. This review aims to demystify commonly used signal processing methods for identifying task‐related EEG activities for psychologists. To achieve this goal, we first highlight the different preprocessing pipelines between task‐related EEG and resting‐state EEG. We then discuss the methods to extract and visualize event‐related potentials in the time domain and event‐related oscillatory responses in the time‐frequency domain. Potential applications of advanced techniques such as source analysis and single‐trial analysis are briefly discussed. We conclude this review with a short summary of task‐related EEG data analysis, recommendations for further study, and caveats we should take heed of.
Subject inefficiency phenomenon of motor imagery brain-computer interface: Influence factors and potential solutions
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Fali , Zhang Tao , Yao Dezhong , Xu Peng
Published: February 2021

Motor imagery brain–computer interfaces (MI‐BCIs) have great potential value in prosthetics control, neurorehabilitation, and gaming; however, currently, most such systems only operate in controlled laboratory environments. One of the most important obstacles is the MI‐BCI inefficiency phenomenon. The accuracy of MI‐BCI control varies significantly (from chance level to 100% accuracy) across subjects due to the not easily induced and unstable MI‐related EEG features. An MI‐BCI inefficient subject is defined as a subject who cannot achieve greater than 70% accuracy after sufficient training time, and multiple survey results indicate that inefficient subjects account for 10%–50% of the experimental population. The widespread use of MI‐BCI has been seriously limited due to these large percentages of inefficient subjects. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the cause of MI‐BCI inefficiency from resting‐state brain function, task‐related brain activity, brain structure, and psychological perspectives. These factors help understand the reasons for inter‐subject MI‐BCI control performance variability, and it can be concluded that the lower resting‐state sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is the key factor in MI‐BCI inefficiency, which has been confirmed by multiple independent laboratories. We then propose to divide MI‐BCI inefficient subjects into three categories according to the resting‐state SMR and offline/online accuracy to apply more accurate approaches to solve the inefficiency problem. The potential solutions include developing transfer learning algorithms, new experimental paradigms, mindfulness meditation practice, novel training strategies, and identifying new motor imagery‐related EEG features. To date, few studies have focused on improving the control accuracy of MI‐BCI inefficient subjects; thus, we appeal to the BCI community to focus more on this research area. Only by reducing the percentage of inefficient subjects can we create the opportunity to expand the value and influence of MI‐BCI.
Etapas electrónicas de potencia resonantes multi-salida para calentamiento por inducción doméstico
Authors: Guillén Moya Pablo , Sarnago Andía Héctor , Lucía Gil Óscar , Burdío Pinilla José Miguel
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se propone una etapa inversora matricial multi-salida controlada mediante una estrategia de modulación asimétrica para su utilización en cocinas de inducción de superficie flexible. De esta forma se consigue una implementación con un número reducido de dispositivos y que ofrece un control de potencia versátil y preciso.
Análisis de marcadores de salud en el trail running
Authors: Fernandez de Landa Nicolau Daniel , Lucha Mª Orosia , Monti Sofía , Corral Jaime , Ferrández Loreto , Tricas José Miguel
Published: February 2021

Estudio cuasiexperimental pre-post cuyo objetivo es analizar el impacto agudo producido en el organismo durante una carrera de montaña en corredores aficionados, analizando marcadores sanguíneos y valorando la posible perdida de fuerza en las extremidades inferiores tras la prueba.
How to Predict the Long-term Course of Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Authors: Montolío Marco Alberto , Cegoñino Banzo José , García Martín Elena , Pérez del Palomar Aldea Amaya
Published: February 2021

The aim of this work is to predict the disability state in neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), using clinical batabases and machine learning techniques. This prediction could help clinicians select a more specific treatment for MS patients.
Are the Cells Stronger than we Think?
Authors: Hervas-Raluy Silvia , Gomez-Benito MªJose , Borau-Zamora Carlos , Garcia-Aznar Jose Manuel
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodología para calcular las fuerzas de tracción ejercidas por la célula durante un experimento de microscopía de fuerza de tracción. El método presentado parte de las imágenes captadas durante el ensayo experimental. Además, se trabaja bajo la hipótesis de grandes deformaciones para poder modelar de manera más precisa el comportamiento celular.
De la resistencia a la resiliencia. Nuevos paradigmas en la gestión del agua en los Países Bajos
Authors: Moreno Sanz Joan
Published: February 2021

Los deltas fluviales son uno de los ecosistemas más prósperos y a la vez amenazados de la Tierra. Los efectos del cambio climático comprometen el frágil equilibrio ambiental de las llanuras deltaicas y a la vez, la seguridad de la población que reside en ellas. El objetivo principal de este artículo es exponer el cambio de paradigma en materia de protección frente al riesgo de inundación que ha tenido lugar en la planificación espacial de los deltas en las últimas décadas. El caso del delta del Rijn-Maas-Schelde, en los Países Bajos, expresa el tránsito conceptual desde una visión resistente, basada en la construcción de grandes obras de ingeniería con el objetivo de proteger las áreas habitadas, a una aproximación más resiliente en la que las dinámicas ecosistémicas y urbanas se integran en las políticas de seguridad frente a las inundaciones. Dos proyectos icónicos de la planificación hidráulica neerlandesa ilustran esta transición, los “Deltawerken” o Plan Delta (1955-1997), en el sector suroeste, y el Programa “Ruimte voor de rivieren” o Espacio para los ríos (2006-2019) que comprende el cauce de los ríos Rijn y Maas hasta su desembocadura. La introducción del principio de “calidad espacial” será un aspecto clave en la formulación de los nuevos planes de ordenación territorial y permitirá tejer alianzas entre los agentes sociales, ambientales y económicos en favor, no sólo de la preservación, sino también del desarrollo natural del delta.
Limit Geometries of Architectural Filters: Precise Rationality and Poetic Emotion
Authors: Guitart Miguel
Published: February 2021

An architectural filter is a porous material construction that regulates transverse visual relationships, and establishes degrees of connection through the intervention of light and gaze. Filtering boundaries display variable proportions of mass and air, which are instrumental to the production of the spatial experience behind the mediation of matter and geometry. A filter's structural system synthesizes geometric relations with the capacity to cause architectural atmospheres, as a result of the active border that is technically precise and sensorially ambiguous at the same time. The text sustains that the emerging atmospheres behind the filter cannot take place without a previous, precise geometric production; the poetic dimension of filtering strategies originates from its capacity to transform the concrete geometry of its contour conditions and controlled material execution into an unexpected atmosphere of emotional and incommensurable qualities.
Blue-green urban infrastructure in Boston and Bombay (Mumbai): a macro-historical geographic comparison
Authors: Wescoat Jr. James L. , Rawoot Smita
Published: February 2021

This study offers a macro-historical geographic comparison of blue-green urban infrastructure in the coastal cities of Boston, USA and Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India.  After introducing the aims and methods of comparative historical geography, we focus on the insights that these two cases offer. Their stories begin with ancient coastal fishing settlements, followed by early processes of urbanization and fortification in the 17th century.  By the late-18th century Anglo-American merchants in Boston were trading with Parsi merchants in Bombay, at a time when Bostonians had little more to sell than ice in exchange for India’s fine textiles. From the early-19th century onwards, the two maritime cities undertook surprisingly parallel processes of land reclamation and water development.  Boston commissioned blue-green infrastructure proposals at the urban scale, from Frederick Law Olmsted’s Back Bay Fens to Charles Eliot’s Metropolitan Park District Plan—innovations that offer more than a century of lessons in environmental performance and resilience.  The two cities developed parallel “Esplanade,” “Back Bay,” and “Reclamation” projects.  None of these projects anticipated the magnitude of 20th century land, water, and infrastructure change.  Both cities have begun to address the increasing risks of urban flooding, sea level rise, and population displacement, but they need bolder metropolitan visions of blue-green urban infrastructure to address emerging climate change and water hazards.