bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of phase change material using in building thermal comfort applications through several climate conditions.
Authors: El Yassi Marwa , El Abbassi Ikram , Pierre Alexandre , Melinge Yannick
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, buildings sector contributes to climate change by consuming a considerable amount of energy to afford thermal comfort for occupants. Passive cooling techniques are a promising solution to increase the thermal inertia of building envelopes, and reduce temperature fluctuations. The phase change materials, known as PCM, can be efficiently employed to this purpose, because of their high energy storage density. Among the various existing solutions, the present study is dedicated to solid-liquid phase change materials. Temperature evolution (according to their defined temperature range) induces the chemical change of the material and its state. For building applications, the chemical transition can be accomplished from liquid to solid (solidification) and from solid to liquid (melting). In fact, this paper presents a comparative thermal analysis of several test rooms with and without phase change materials embedded in a composite wallboard in different climates. The used PCM consist in a flexible sheet of 5 mm thickness (Energain, manufactured by the company DuPont de Nemours). The main properties of such a commercial solution have been delivered by the manufacturer and from analyses. The room model was validated using laboratory instrumentations and measurements of a test room in four cities: Lyon; Reading and Casablanca. Results indicate that this phase change material board can absorb heat gains and also reduce the indoor air temperature fluctuations during daytime. The aim of the study is to show the benefits of this layer with phase change material and compare it in different climatic zones.
Assessing the Evolution of Human Settlements with ‘Energy’ as a Determinant
Authors: Vijayan Manas , Patil Akshay , Kapse Vijay
Published: May 2020

Human settlements have evolved from caves in thePaleolithic Ageto high rise buildings and cities in the modern era. Energy is one of the major driving forces in shaping the settlements of today. It is a fundamental of our everyday life and will continue to influence the future generations. It is also responsible for the many major looming threats faced by the world today, like climate change, ozone layer depletion, acid rains and global warming. Hence it is essential to investigate the influence of energy in shaping the settlements of the past, to understand the present, and to develop a vision for the future settlements. This paper is an attempt to study the evolution of human settlements based on the ‘urban form determinants’framework developed by A.E.J. Morris with ‘energy’ as an additional determinant. The investigation proposes how energy has influenced in shaping the settlements of the past, and the correlation between energy and other urban form determinants. This study will help various stakeholders in developing an understanding on how energy can play a role in shaping a sustainable future, and also in identifying the parameters which influence them.
Effect of Scrubbing Liquid height on the performance of Self Priming Venturi Scrubber
Authors: Umbarkar Ashish M. , Kamble Dinesh N. , Shelke Ashish
Published: May 2020

The Containment Filtered Venting System (CFVS) is used to scrub the Particle matter & gaseous pollutants that are liberated during the severe accidents in nuclear power plants (NPP). This research work aims to an experimental study of the fluid dynamics of gas-liquid interaction of the circular cross-sectional self- priming VS at different experimental inputs. The performance of self-priming VS is indicated by the Pressure drop, Liquid to gas ratio & Collection efficiency. The effect of Scrubbing liquid height on these performance indicators is studied at different gas flow rates. The experimental result shows that the scrubbing liquid height greatly influences the performance of self-priming VS. It improves the Liquid to Gas ratio which is helpful to improve the collection efficiency.
Experimental Analysis of different shaped ribs on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics
Authors: Kore Sandeep S , Dingare Sunil V. , Chinchanikar Satish , Hujare Pravin , Mache Ashok
Published: May 2020

There are number of applications such as gas turbines, solar air heating, electronics cooling and heat exchangers, where internal cooling passage is observed. For heat transfer augmentation inside these cooling passages different techniques are used like dimpled surface, wings and ribs. Ribs are used in most of the devices for internal cooling. The ribs disturb the boundary layer and increase the turbulent kinetic energy which enhances the heat transfer rate. Most of the researchers concentrate on square and rectangular shaped ribs. The cross section of the rib plays important role in the production of flow field. The shape of ribs affects on boundary layer separation, attachment and hot spots created. In the present paper heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics from rib roughened rectangular duct with different shapes of ribs were investigated. The experimental set up consists of rectangular channel of aspect ratio 4. The pitch to width ratio was varied as 5, 7.5 and 10 respectively. The Reynolds number was varied as 6000 to 30000. The ribs used for the investigations were square, house and boot shaped. From the investigations it is observed that boot shaped rib is having higher thermal performance than other two geometries
Application of additives with gasoline fuel: A review
Authors: Jadhav Mayur , Jadhav Swati , Chavan Supriya
Published: May 2020

Alternative fuels have become very important nowadays and proving their importance in both positive ignition engines and compression ignition engines, so as to reduce the consumption of gasoline and diesel respectively. Also, blending of these alternative fuels (additives) into gasoline has been proved important in improving various performance parameters and reducing emission parameters. Various studies have been carried out in the field of using additives in gasoline to see the effects on performance parameters like Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Also, this study emphasizes reducing the emissions to the ambient. The aim of this review is to compare and study various additives which can be blended with gasoline and study their effect on performance and emission characteristics of Spark ignition engines.
Precipitation estimation by a multi-threshold method using cloud optical and microphysical properties from MSG / SEVIRI data
Authors: Lazri Mourad , Labad Karim , Brucker Jean Michel , Ameur Soltane
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is the estimation of precipitation in northern Algeria using satellite data. To do this, a multi-threshold method based on the exploitation of the clouds optical and microphysical properties is developed. Depending on the availability of the MSG / SEVIRI (M eteosat Second Generation/Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imaging) satellite channels, the database is divided into daytime data and nighttime data. In the learning phase, daytime and nighttime two-dimensional thresholds are determined from comparisons between the MSG / SEVIRI satellite data of rainy season 2010/2011 and the corresponding data from the Sétif meteorological radar. Using linear regression, an empirical relationship between the SEVIRI spectral data and the precipitation intensities from the radar is determined.To estimate rainfall, the determined empirical relationship is ap plied to the validation dataset collected during rainy season 2011/2012. To evaluate the method, a comparison of the estimation results with reference radar data is performed. The results show that these estimations are in good correlation with those measured by radar.
Acquaintance with Natural Language Processing for Building Smart Society
Authors: Bachate Ravindra Parshuram , Sharma Ashok
Published: May 2020

Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with the spoken languages by using computer and Artificial Intelligence. As people from different regional areas using different digital platforms and expressing their views in their spoken language, it is now must to focus on working spoken languages in India to make our society smart and digital. NLP research grown tremendously in last decade which results in Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortona and many more automatic speech recognitions and understanding systems (ASR). Natural Language Processing can be understood by classifying it into Natural Language Generation and Natural Language Understanding. NLP is widely used in various domain such as Health Care, Chatbot, ASR building, HR, Sentiment analysis etc.
Modern information and telecommunication systems for medical purposes
Authors: Serheiev-Horchynskyi Oleksii
Published: May 2020

The analysis and classification of modern information and telecommunication systems (ITS) for medical purposes were carried out. Historically established areas of application of medical telecommunication systems were distinguished. Classes of communication and data related to modern medical telecommunication systems were analysed. The role of standards and protocols for data transmission in the process of interaction between the hardware and software components of medical ITSs was defined. Standards for transmitting various types of information were listed; the exploration of the standards for telemedicine information transmission was carried out. Various structural-logical schemes of medical ITSs implementation were illustrated; components of the schemes were reviewed. The importance of development and implementation of a unified interaction model for various medical ITS components, that will allow adapting to extreme characteristics of data transmission physical environment, was figured out.
Heat balance analysis in electric arc furnace for process improvement
Authors: Ohol Sandeep , VK Mathew , Shinde Savita , Balachandran G.
Published: May 2020

The current study deals with optimizing the melting process used in electric arc furnace by heat balance equations. Heat balance is a very important aspect in an arc furnace in which the energy input consists of electrical energy [65%], chemical energy [25%] and exothermic reaction heat [10%]. This energy is optimized with the charge mix, charge quantity, fluxes, fuel used, and O2 used in the burners. The present model considers all these aspects and gives heat distribution in the process. The model spreadsheet gives a reasonable prediction in terms of metal yield, composition, and energy consumption. The model also predicts the amount of iron oxidized in the process. The mass and heat balance model is a useful tool for process analysis and improves the process efficiency of electric arc furnace steelmaking.
A Survey on the Revamped Future of Transport
Authors: Tamboli Heena , Malhotra Jyoti , Sarode Sambhaji , Deshpande Shruti
Published: May 2020

Transport, a movement activity from home to work, studyor market place is one of the basic needs like food, shelter clothes. Nowadays, sharing and adaptive transport services are in demand due to increased traffic and rush to public transport; contributing to saving fuel, fuel cost, and above all time. Transport sharing consists of car sharing, auto-sharing and also bike sharing. . Where in, two or more individuals targeting the same location opts to share transport system. The transport sharing model, especially taxi services also adds various adaptive facilities a one-way and two-way station-based sharing system. These services help individuals to reserve their onlineseats with bus and car-sharing. This paper reviews various existing shared and effective ways of transportation. The observations include different route matching and applied machine learning techniques used by the models which are placed in working using Google maps, APIs, sensors, and Smartphone applications to get and track thedestination.In addition, the manuscript also presents the assessment taken on the communal sphere to acquire various transport facilities adopted by people and the different challenges faced by them.
Real-time Location Based Shared Smart Parking System
Authors: Kanchan Pragati , Mhaske Chhaya , Pagare Reena , Shardoor NikhilKumar B.
Published: May 2020

With the growth in population, traffic congestion and parking have become a serious problem. There is the explosive growth of the per capita amount of vehicles. In this paper, a Location-Based Shared Smart Parking System is proposed to solve the parking problem. This system is designed for both private and public parking areas. This system helps the user to find the nearest possible parking area and gives the information related to the availability of parking slots in that respective parking area. The main focus of this system is to reduce the time for finding the parking slot and also avoids unnecessary travelling through occupied parking slots in a parking area. The proposed system is designed using IoT technology, WSN(IR sensors), QR code and RFID technology. IR sensors are used to detect the presence of the car in the parking slot and QR code is used to authenticate the user in the public parking area, RFID technology is used to authenticate the user in private parking area. The system is expected to reduce traffic problems, fuel consumption which results in reduces carbon footprints in an atmosphere.
Investigation and Improvement of Content of Methane in Biogas Generated from Municipal Solid Waste.
Authors: Thakur Shyamsing , Barjibhe Rahul
Published: May 2020

The methane yield and overall biogas generation reduce drastically in the winter and summer season. The Biogas plant operators reported better results with the co-digestion of the municipal solid waste (MSW) with cow dung in changing weather conditions. In this research work the quality and content of methane in biogas generated from biogas plant is improved by co-digestion of MSW, cow dung along with the urine with better carbon to nitrogen (C/N) Ration. We took number of experiment using different ratio of MSW and additives to improve biogas. Rigorous experimentations concluded that the co-digestion of the MSW, cowdung and urine in the proportion of (55:35:10) with equal amount water in a portable bio digester for anaerobic digestion results into better methane production with maintaining C/N ratio and reducing time duration for flammable biogas production.
People Centric Smart Cities
Authors: Rai Sunil , Deshpande Mukta , Thakur Geeta
Published: May 2020

Smart Cities Project is been undertaken in mission mode by the Government of India. The endeavor is to plan and build / rebuild pollution free, eco friendly living spaces with the efficient means of Transportation, Communication, Governance, Health Services and other civic requirements. There is also an emphasis on giving identity to these cities based on its main economic activity. The aspects of peaceful and happy living with regard to values and universal common good of mankind does not come out clearly in the definition and other mission statements. This paper endeavors to highlight the importance of the Culture and Spirituality in creating the cities that will promote Peace, Harmony, Happiness and the Virtue of co-existence amongst the dwellers in keeping with the rich traditions and value systems inherited from the glorious past. It is emphasized that the Smart City be given the identity which is representative of its character, culture and the unique value that it offers. The quest to build smart cities from the standpoint of enhanced economic activity and operational efficiency with the use of High-end integrated technologies for automation, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things the importance of “Culture” as bedrock of “Smartness” has been subdued. It is proposed that the richness of Culture, strength of Spirituality and importance of Identity based on values and character be emphasized in planning and building smart cities. A framework to assess the contribution of a People Centered Smart City in its role as “Culture Transmitter” in influencing the growth, sustainability and wellbeing of inhabitants is also presented.
Energizing the Future with Memories of the Past: The Wadas of Pune City
Authors: Nagapurkar Shilpa , Narkhede Parag , Sheriff Vaseem Anjum
Published: May 2020

Pune, described as the Queen of the Deccan, [1] is located in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is a historic city associated with the Maratha Empire and seat of the Peshwa power. During the Colonial Period it was a British cantonment. Contemporary Pune city is considered as the cultural capital of Maharashtra and is also referred to as the Oxford of the East due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions. The old city of Pune is constituted by the seventeen Peths or localities. The wadas are a characteristic built-form that evolved during the Maratha Period. They were the residences not only of the Peshwas but also those connected with the administrative system of the times and are the manifestations of the culture of the period. They vary considerably in size and form. They have a characteristic spatial organization harmonizing form and space with distinct architectural features. They were once the seat of power, intrigue and grandeur. Now, they are the surviving witnesses of battle plans and palace intrigues at the height of glory of the Maratha Empire. After more than three hundred and fifty years the wadas themselves are waging a final battle for survival considering the apathy towards their woes and issues from both the civic body as well as their private owners. The objective of the paper is to explore the possibility of developing selected wadas as nodes in developing Pune city’s culture infrastructure as well as heritage showcase. It seeks site specific solutions of ‘Energizing the Future with the Memories of the Past’ in Pune city.
The Patterns of Mobility and the Socio-Spatial Environments Created in and around the important multimodal nodes in a global city - A case of Navi Mumbai
Authors: Makandar Suhel M , Naik Saharsha A.
Published: May 2020

Globalization is seen as an important phenomenon shaping and reconfiguring the urbanism around the world. The urban fabric/society is directly impacted by the global network in which a city falls. For example an economic global city will have different issues than the political global city. Mumbai – Navi Mumbai is one of the cities in India which fulfils the most indicators to be a global city. The city had its own share of urban issues and the advent of globalization has led to origination of certain contemporary patterns of city development which address the past urban challenges as well as accommodate present global economy, yet it has been seen that these patterns rather address only the present conditions and the long term strategies with evolution of lifestyle and technology are uncertain. Transportation has evolved as an important aspect influencing the growth patterns of a city. This paper discusses the impacts of multimodal transport developments as a catalyst to growth of cities, its benefits and shortcomings.
Narratives of historial urban lakefront regenerations
Authors: Dalal Pallavi , Kothari Sunita
Published: May 2020

Lakefront in the densely populated area is a place of relish, where people can enjoy and relax. As these kinds of areas are famous in urban context to provide ample visual and physical public access to water and land. The immediate alliance between settlement and water is inherent since decades, as many urban areas in the world located near to the waterfront. All these areas are directly or indirectly dependent on water for their day to day survival. Since last two decades development strategies are shifting from agriculture to industrial, these bring extensive changes in lakefront development. In precise, lakefront has become less significant for human life. This paper discusses the extensive phenomenon of lakefront development in Thane city, which is known as the “City of Lakes”, because of manifold lakes found over there. At present most of the lakes present in city are at the verge of disappearance due to reckless development. Therefore it is necessary to emphasize at historical and social aspect of lakes taking into account the overall picture and presenting the opportunities to integrate and emphasize multidisciplinary approach with social and cultural life of people.
Modeling and control of xenon oscillations in thermal neutron reactors
Authors: Mercier Bertrand , Ziliang Zeng , Liyi Chen , Nuoya Shao
Published: May 2020

We study axial core oscillations due to xenon poisoning in thermal neutron nuclear reactors with simple 1D models: a linear one-group model, a linear two-group model, and a non-linear model taking the Doppler effect into account. Even though nuclear reactor operators have some 3D computer codes to simulate such phenomena, we think that simple models are useful to identify the sensitive parameters, and study the efficiency of basic control laws. Our results are that, for the one-group model, if we denote the migration area by M
2 and by H the height of the core, the sensitive parameter is H/M. H being fixed, for the 2 groups model, there are still 2 sensitive parameters, the first one being replaced by M12+M22 where M12 denotes the migration area for fast neutrons and M22 the migration area for thermal neutrons. We show that the Doppler effect reduces the instability of xenon oscillations in a significant way. Finally, we show that some proportional/integral/derivative (PID) feedback control law can damp out xenon oscillations in a similar way to the well-known Shimazu control law [Y. Shimazu, Continuous guidance procedure for xenon oscillation control, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 32, 1159 (1995)]. The numerical models described in our paper have been applied to PWR.
Entwicklung eines Konsenses zu wichtigen Zielgrößen in der Physiotherapie bei Nackenschmerzen – Eine Delphi-Studie
Authors: Michalk Katrin , Schöttker-Königer Thomas , Probst Annette , Lüdtke Kerstin
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund Nackenschmerzen sind in der Physiotherapie ein häufiger Behandlungsanlass. Die Messung von Behandlungsergebnissen findet im Praxisalltag oftmals nur unzureichend statt. Ein Core Outcome Set (COS) für die physiotherapeutische Praxis fehlt derzeit.

Ziel Einen Konsens zu wichtigen Zielgrößen zu entwickeln, die in der physiotherapeutischen Praxis für die Messung der Behandlungsergebnisse bei Patienten mit unspezifischen Nackenschmerzen verwendet werden sollten.

Methode Zur Identifizierung von Zielgrößen wurde zunächst eine systematische Recherche durchgeführt. Anschließend fand eine Delphi-Befragung von Physiotherapeuten und Patienten statt, bei der die Teilnehmenden die Wichtigkeit der Zielgrößen anhand einer 9-Punkte-Ratingskala beurteilten. Es wurden Lage- und Streuungsmaße für jede Zielgröße berechnet.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen 62 Physiotherapeuten und neun Patienten an der ersten Fragerunde teil. Weitere Fragerunden mit den Patienten wurden aufgrund der geringen Teilnehmerzahl eingestellt. Die Patienten erachten das „Bewegungsausmaß der Halswirbelsäule in verschiedene Bewegungsrichtungen“ sowie die „gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität“ als wichtige Zielgrößen. 50 (81 %) bzw. 37 (74 %) Physiotherapeuten beendeten die zweite bzw. dritte Fragerunde. Für sie sind wichtige Zielgrößen „Beschwerden und Probleme bei alltäglichen Aktivitäten durch die Nackenschmerzen“ und die „Fähigkeit zum selbstverantwortlichen Umgang mit den Nackenschmerzen“.

Schlussfolgerung Es wurde ein erster Konsens zu wichtigen Zielgrößen aus Sicht der Physiotherapeuten erreicht. In Zukunft sind aufbauende Studien für die Entwicklung eines COS erforderlich, um u. a. die benannten Zielgrößen zu bestätigen und die Sicht der Patienten mit einzubeziehen.
Sialoszintigrafie
Authors: Schmidt-Kreppel Barbara , Gaertner Florian C. , Essler Markus
Published: May 2020

Eine physiologische Funktion der Speicheldrüsen ist wichtig zum Erhalt der Mundschleimhaut, des Geschmackssinns und der Zahngesundheit. Schädigungen können zu einer verminderten oder gar ausbleibenden Speichelbildung führen, was vielfältige Beschwerden zur Folge haben und nicht zuletzt mit einer Einschränkung der Lebensqualität der Betroffenen einhergehen kann. Mit der Sialoszintigrafie ist eine funktionelle simultane Beurteilung der großen Speicheldrüsen mittels einer einzigen kostengünstigen und nicht invasiven Untersuchung möglich. Klinisch relevant ist auch die Möglichkeit der Quantifizierung; Voraussetzung hierfür ist ein standardisiertes Protokoll bei der Durchführung und Auswertung. Aus den vielfältigen Ursachen, die mit einer subjektiv empfundenen Xerostomie einhergehen können, ergeben sich auch die verschiedenen Einsatzbereiche für eine Sialoszintigrafie. Auch aufgrund der in den letzten Jahren zunehmenden Radionuklidtherapien mit PSMA-Liganden besitzt die Speicheldrüsenszintigrafie weiterhin einen hohen klinischen Stellenwert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Überblick gegeben über die Durchführung, die Indikationen und den klinischen Stellenwert dieser Untersuchung.
Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei fehlgeschlagenen Osteosynthesen am Becken
Authors: Pohlemann Tim , Herath Steven
Published: May 2020

Korrekturbedürftige Fehlheilungen und Pseudarthrosen sind nach aktuellen Prinzipien folgendener Primärbehandlung der Verletzung in Deutschland selten. Korrektureingriffe sind indiziert, wenn erheblicher, sicher beckenbedingter, Leidensdruck besteht und Fehlstellungen mit und ohne knöcherner Heilung vorliegen. Eine umfassende präoperative Diagnostik, Analyse und Planung ist die Grundlage von korrigierenden Eingriffen. Diese risikobeladenen, aufwendigen Operationen sollten daher nur spezialisierten Zentren vorbehalten werden. Bei strenger Indikationsstellung und konsequenter Operationsdurchführung ist in vielen Fällen allerdings eine deutliche Steigerung der Lebensqualität erreichbar.
Neurointensivmedizin: aneurysmatische Subarachnoidalblutung – State of the Art
Authors: Müller Daniela , Müller Oliver
Published: May 2020

Die spontane, nicht traumatische Subarachnoidalblutung ist eine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, die mit vielfältigen Komplikationen und einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität vergesellschaftet ist. In den ersten 24 Stunden hat die Ausschaltung der Blutungsursache Vorrang. Die Patienten sollen intensivmedizinisch überwacht und behandelt werden. Stringente Diagnostik und konsequente Behandlung verbessern das Outcome der Patienten nachweislich.
Arzneimittelinteraktionen in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Drust Andreas
Published: May 2020

Arzneimittelinteraktionen sind auf Intensivstationen ein häufiges Problem. Dabei spielt die Gesamtmenge der verschriebenen Medikamente bei kritisch kranken Patienten eine große Rolle: Durchschnittlich werden hier 25 – 35 Medikamente pro Patient eingesetzt. Fundierte Kenntnisse über entsprechende pharmakodynamische und pharmakokinetische Mechanismen sind für die Behandlungssicherheit daher essenziell.
Über Möglichkeiten und Einsatzfelder
Authors: Bensch Sandra
Published: May 2020

Servicewägen, die auf digitale Rufe reagieren, Roboter, die mit Bewohnern singen und spielen, Apps, die Anamnesen erheben. Digitale Technologien kommen in der Pflegewelt an – wenn sie bedienfreundlich und einfach zu reparieren sind.
Organische und funktionelle Durchblutungsstörungen der Hand – differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte
Authors: Wahl Uwe
Published: May 2020

Die Abklärung von venösen und arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen sowie Lymphödemen gehört zur täglichen Praxisroutine des Gefäßmediziners. Nicht selten werden von chirurgischen Kollegen Patienten mit Beschwerden im Schulter-, Arm- und Handbereich zum Ausschluss einer vaskulären Ursache vorgestellt. Der wohl häufigste Abklärungsgrund im Handbereich ist das Raynaud-Phänomen. Neben arteriosklerotischen Durchblutungsstörungen und der Thrombangiitis obliterans sind das Hypothenar-/Thenar-Hammer-Syndrom und das Vibrationssyndrom in den Fingern eher wenig bekannte Entitäten, deren Kenntnis jedoch neben dem medizinischen Vorgehen auch versicherungsrelevante Konsequenzen haben kann. Während beim Hypothenar-/Thenar-Hammer-Syndrom eine organische Durchblutungsstörung vorliegt, beinhaltet das Vibrationssyndrom der Finger eine funktionell vaskuläre sowie eine nervale Komponente, die eine Trennung vom Karpaltunnelsyndrom erschwert. Bei beiden Entitäten ist eine Berufsanamnese häufig hilfreich. Schon der Verdacht auf eine Berufskrankheit muss nach Gesetzeslage zur Anzeige gebracht werden. Der Artikel beschreibt die wesentlichen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen beider Entitäten und stellt diagnostische und therapeutische Optionen dar. Die Kenntnis beider Erkrankungen erweitert die differenzialdiagnostische Vorgehensweise in der täglichen Praxisroutine bei Patienten mit Schulter-Arm-Hand-Beschwerden und bei Patienten mit Raynaud-Phänomen.
Double-balloon endoscopy facilitates efficient endoscopic resection of duodenal and jejunal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Sekiya Mariko , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Yano Tomonori , Miyahara Shoko , Nagayama Manabu , Kobayashi Yasutoshi , Shinozaki Satoshi , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: May 2020

Background Many patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have adenomatous polyps of the duodenum and the jejunum. We aimed to elucidate the long-term outcomes after double-balloon endoscopy (DBE)-assisted endoscopic resection of duodenal and jejunal polyps in patients with FAP.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent more than two sessions of endoscopic resection using DBE from August 2004 to July 2018.

Results A total of 72 DBEs were performed in eight patients (median age 30 years, range 12–53; 1.4 DBE procedures/patient-year) during the study period, and 1237 polyps were resected. The median observation period was 77.5 months (range 8–167). There were 11 adverse events, including seven delayed bleeds and four episodes of acute pancreatitis. No delayed bleeding occurred after cold polypectomy. Although, in one patient, one endoscopically resected duodenal polyp was diagnosed as being intramucosal carcinoma, none of the patients developed an advanced duodenal or jejunal cancer during the study period.

Conclusions Endoscopic resection of duodenal and jejunal polyposis using DBE in patients with FAP can be performed safely, efficiently, and effectively.
A Finding on the Direct Regioselective Cyanation of BODIPY
Authors: Unaleroglu Canan , Gayretli Cagatay , Teknikel Efdal , Cinar Seda
Published: May 2020

The first example of direct α-cyanation of a BODIPY core has been achieved on 3-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl BODIPY. The structure of α-cyanated BODIPY was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Further cyanation took place on the meso-carbon of BODIPY.
Concept of Mental Health and Disease for Practical Implementation: A Case-Based Teaching for Undergraduate Students—Part I of Basic and Applied Psychology
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Ramkunwar
Published: May 2020

Background Mental health has been conceptualised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as not just the absence of illness but as a state of well-being in which the individual can cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. To achieve this or to explain it to the stakeholders, a doctor needs to be well versed with the normal functioning of the human mind. Homoeopathic doctors must have this knowledge to help them understand and treat their patients or advise prevention. Lack of this knowledge in the undergraduate years fails to suitably equip them, thereby hampering their own growth and clinical functions. These papers (in two parts) will deal with the teaching of basic and applied psychology and abnormal psychology and psychiatry to homoeopathic undergraduates.

Aim The main aim of this study is to teach homoeopathic undergraduate students the basic psychological concepts required for understanding human behaviour through cased based presentations

Methodology Plan of teaching psychology to undergraduate students with a case-based approach was formulated by the Psychiatric Department of Dr. M.L. Dhawale Homoeopathic Institute (MLDMHI), Palghar. Postgraduate students prepared topics with the help of a lesson plan template under the guidance of faculty. Peer evaluation along with student feedback helped to gauge the impact of the lectures and to design improvements.

Results Thirteen topics, one each week, covered the assigned portion for basic psychology. Reports of around 30 students and 2 lecturers for each lecture over 3 years were evaluated. These indicated satisfaction with contents and desire to have more such lectures. Multiple choice questions post lectures allowed to identify the changes in knowledge and interest of students in the subject.

Discussion Basic and comprehensive knowledge of psychology will allow students/physicians to look at the cases not only from the view point of physical antecedents but also from a more holistic and comprehensive point of view.

Conclusion Educational ethos demands the incorporation of case-based teaching in undergraduates especially in the teaching of psychology, to expose the shades of normal and abnormal states of mind through case-based teachings.
The Impact of the Ligamentous Injury Pattern and Associated Neurovascular Injury on Ultimate Knee Function in Patients with Traumatic Knee Dislocations
Authors: Kilicoglu Onder I. , Pehlivanoglu Tuna , Demirel Mehmet , Chodza Mechmet , Balcı Halil I. , Asık Mehmet
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between the ligamentous injury pattern and concomitant neurovascular injury with long-term functional outcomes in patients with traumatic knee dislocations (TKDs). A total of 42 patients with TKDs were categorized according to the Schenck's classification based on the pattern of ligamentous injury. Concomitant vascular and neural injuries were recorded. Long-term functional outcomes were assessed using several objective and subjective outcome measures. This retrospective study was conducted in two phases: (1) to analyze the impact of ligamentous injury pattern on functional outcomes of patients with TKDs in the overall study population, by comparing all the variables among Schenck's grades; (2) to determine the impact of concomitant vascular and neural injury on ultimate knee function based on the subgroup analyses. In the overall study statistical differences were determined among each pattern of ligamentous injury in the total range of motion (ROM) and scoring systems (chi-squared test, p = 0.254). The overall rates of vascular and neural injury were 26 and 28%, respectively. In subgroup analyses, 40 patients were divided into three subgroups: group A (isolated concomitant neural injury), group B (isolated concomitant vascular injury), group C (without concomitant major vascular or neural injury). The analysis revealed a significant difference in the total ROM (p = 0.005), flexion measurements (p = 0.004), and the loss of extension (p = 0.003). Group A had the lowest total knee ROM and the mean flexion degrees, as well as the highest loss of extension. Concerning functional scoring systems including the combined Knee Society Score (knee score + function score), Lysholm knee scoring scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee score, subgroup analyses revealed significant differences among the groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.01 for all scores). All the scores were found to be lowest in group A. Evidence from the current study showed that the ligamentous pattern and concomitant neurovascular injury both may have a significant impact on ultimate knee function in patients with TKDs. This is a Level III-retrospective comparative study.
Functional Dart-Throwing Motion: A Clinical Comparison of Four-Corner Fusion to Radioscapholunate Fusion Using Inertial Motion Capture
Authors: Babazadeh Sina , Ling Ferraby , Nguyen Nhan B. , Pham Trieu H. , Pathirana Pubudu N. , Eng Kevin , Page Richard
Published: May 2020

Background Dart-throwing motion (DTM) is an important functional arc of the wrist from radial extension to ulna flexion. An aim of partial fusion surgery of the wrist is to maintain maximal functional motion while addressing the pathology. The radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion, accompanied with partial resection of the distal scaphoid, is thought to allow better DTM than other partial wrist fusions such as the four-corner fusion (4CF).

Question Does an RSL fusion allow better functional DTM than 4CF, and how does this range compare with healthy wrists and the patient's contralateral wrist?

Patients and Methods Patients who have undergone an RSL fusion or 4CF at our tertiary center were identified and invited to present to have their DTM arc measured. To accurately measure DTM, a previously validated inertial measurement device was used. Patient's functional DTM arc was measured in both unrestrained (elbow and shoulder free to move) and restrained (elbow and shoulder immobilized) fashions. This was compared with their contralateral wrist and a group of healthy control volunteers.

Results Overall five RSL fusions, 10 4CF and 24 control patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between functional DTM when 4CF and RSL fusion were compared. Both had significantly reduced functional DTM arc than control patients. There was no significant difference between the operated wrist compared with the patient's contralateral unoperated wrist.

Conclusion RSL fusion is not significantly better at maintaining functional DTM when compared with 4CF. Both surgeries result in decreased functional DTM arc when compared with control patients. This is a cohort study and reflects a level of evidence IV.

Level of Evidence This is a Leve IV, cohort study.
Should Off Label Antiepileptic Drugs Be Used for Treatment of Infancy and Childhood Epilepsy? Discussions Based on a Dravet Syndrome Case Report
Authors: Vintan Mihaela-Adela
Published: May 2020

Epilepsy represents a burdensome neurological disorder with higher incidence before the age of 18 years. The treatment is medical and involves long-term administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED). There are known high-resistant syndromes with onset in infancy and childhood, Dravet syndrome, being one of them. It is a well-known fact that early seizures treatment prevents associated comorbidities, cognitive and motor disabilities, and improve long-term prognosis. There are several AEDs available but not all of them are approved for use in infants. This is due to the need for additional toxicology studies at this age and for development of suitable formulations.

A 14-month-old girl with Dravet syndrome was presented here. Prompt diagnosis was made based on clinical features and confirmed by the genetic tests. She partially responded to valproate and clobazam but continued to have prolonged febrile seizures. We added stiripentol after consulting reports of studies in infants younger than 2 years and after obtaining family consent. She responded well with decrease in episodes of status epilepticus and improvement in psychomotor development and stiripentol was tolerated well. Off label use of certain AEDs can benefit infants when there are no major pharmacokinetic differences in comparison to older children.
Dynamics of the excitonic condensed phase pulses in coupled quantum wells
Authors: Mykhaylovskyy V. V. , Sugakov V. I.
Published: May 2020

We consider the dynamics of exciton condensed phase pulses in two interacting quantum wells, in which excitons are excited and are acted upon by an external driving force. We use the phenomenological expression of free energy for excitons and take into account the finiteness of the exciton lifetime. It is assumed that the excitonic condensed phase arises due to the interaction between excitons, and that the condensed phase parameters depend on the exciton lifetime. In a long well, a periodic flow of pulses occurs, the speed of which depends on the driving force. It is shown that the distance between the pulses and other parameters can be controlled by irradiating another region of the quantum well, far from the observation region.
Direct observation of dynamic thermal lensing in nanoscale surfaces/interfaces of end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Lin Shou-Tai , Hung Wei-Kuo , Zhuo Guan-Yu , Wang Hsien-Yi , Chan Ming-Che
Published: May 2020

This work describes non-invasive observations of dynamic thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Measurements were obtained with a nanoscale optical ruler created using chromatic aberrations, pinholes, dispersive gratings, and position-sensitive detectors. This study reports on variations in thermally induced oscillations and on underdamping behavior in the regime of high pump power. Dynamic data related to the thermal behavior can be used to study the balance between driving forces (pumping and thermal stresses) and damping losses (cooling and output coupling). The non-invasive nature of the proposed scheme along with its sub-100-nm axial resolution, sub-millisecond time resolution, and simple configuration makes it widely applicable for studying heat-related phenomena within laser crystals. The preliminary results show that such non-invasive methods could be used to detect thermally induced nanoscale deformations in integrated circuits, high-power optoelectronic devices, and optical devices with high-power illumination.
Molecular multibond dissociation with small complete active space augmented by correlation density functionals
Authors: Hapka Michał , Pernal Katarzyna , Gritsenko Oleg V.
Published: May 2020

Molecular multibond dissociation displays a variety of electron correlation effects posing a challenge for theoretical description. We propose a CASΠ(M)DFT approach, which includes these effects in an efficient way by combining the complete active space self-consistent field method with density functional theory (DFT). Within CASΠ(M)DFT, a small complete active space (CAS) accounts for the long-range intrabond and middle-range interbond nondynamic correlation in the stretched bonds. The common short-range dynamic correlation is calculated with the Lee–Yang–Parr (LYP) correlation DFT functional corrected for the suppression of dynamic correlation with nondynamic correlation. The remaining middle-range interbond dynamic correlation is evaluated with the modified LYP functional of the bond densities. As a result, CASΠ(M)DFT potential energy curves (PECs) calculated in the relatively small triple-zeta basis closely reproduce the benchmark complete basis set PECs for the following prototype multibonded molecules: N2, CO, H2O, and C2.
Glycosaminoglycans accelerate biomimetic collagen mineralization in a tissue-based in vitro model
Authors: Wojtas Magdalena , Lausch Alexander J. , Sone Eli D.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Collagen mineralization is required for bone and dentin formation, but the molecular mechanism of that process is not completely understood. Using an in vitro model based on mouse dental tissues, we show that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) promote collagen mineralization in mineralized tissues, rather than inhibiting mineralization of the ligament. Moreover, the mineralization promoting effect of GAGs is larger than for phosphoproteins, the most frequently studied controlling factor in crystal nucleation and growth. Our model enabled the study of molecular factors on collagen mineralization independently, without changing the expression pattern of other factors, and under conditions as close to native tissue as possible. Evidence that matrix GAGs promote collagen biomineralization has important implications for understanding control of mineralization in connective tissue more generally.
Context-dependent and dynamic functional influence of corticothalamic pathways to first- and higher-order visual thalamus
Authors: Kirchgessner Megan A. , Franklin Alexis D. , Callaway Edward M.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) projections play important modulatory roles in thalamic processing, yet how this modulation is executed is unclear. While some studies suggest fundamentally inhibitory influence of L6CTs over first-order thalamus, potential complex, frequency-dependent effects have not been investigated in vivo. Moreover, how L6CTs affect higher-order nuclei in vivo has not been explored. This study utilizes various optogenetic manipulations of L6CTs with single-unit recordings from multiple thalamic nuclei in awake mice to address these questions. Our results illustrate similar effects of L6CTs on first- and higher-order visual thalamic nuclei, yet very different effects within-nucleus depending on how L6CTs are engaged. These findings suggest that L6CT modulation is not simply inhibitory by nature, but instead is dynamic and context-dependent.
Cultural evolution of conformity and anticonformity
Authors: Denton Kaleda Krebs , Ram Yoav , Liberman Uri , Feldman Marcus W.
Published: May 2020

Significance

The evolutionary dynamics of cultural variants under conformist- and anticonformist-biased transmission have implications for humans and nonhuman animals. Humans display both conformist and anticonformist biases, and models of conformist-biased transmission have been proposed to explain large-scale human cooperation. Nonhuman animals have been shown to display conformist biases in mating and foraging decisions. Here, we investigate established mathematical models of conformist and anticonformist bias with and without selection and find complex dynamics, including multiple stable polymorphic equilibria, stable cycles, and chaos. Using modifier theory, we show that evolution will reduce anticonformist bias against a culturally advantageous variant. Migration between subpopulations subject to different selection and conformity pressures can produce interesting polymorphisms or eliminate between-group differences.
A focus on language in the immersion language arts curriculum
Authors: Bateman Blair , Child Michael , Berlendis Bueno Eliane
Published: May 2020

Grounded in research on explicit and implicit knowledge and on the role of conscious awareness in language learning, this interpretive case study examined the efforts of one Portuguese teacher to implement a focus on language within a language arts curriculum based on literary genres with a class of fourth grade (9-year-old) students over the course of an academic year. The study found that lessons on authentic literary texts provided a meaningful context for calling students’ attention to nominal and verbal agreement patterns in Portuguese. By the end of the year, students’ nominal and verbal agreement had improved dramatically on a written test, but only their nominal agreement had improved significantly in an unstructured interview, although they had begun to use a greater variety of verb forms. Students were also able to correct many of their own errors and to use metalinguistic terminology to explain the language patterns involved.
A sequential regularization based image reconstruction method for limited-angle spectral CT
Authors: Sheng Wenjuan , Zhao Xing , Li Mengfei
Published: May 2020

In spectral computed tomography (CT), the object is respectively scanned under different x-ray spectra. Multiple projection data can be collectively used for reconstructing basis images and virtual monochromatic images, which have been used in material decomposition, beam-hardening correction, bone removal, and so on. In practice, projection data may be obtained in a limited scanning angular range. Images reconstructed from limited-angle data by conventional spectral CT reconstruction methods will be deteriorated by limited-angle related artifacts and basis image decomposition errors. Motivated by observations of limited-angle spectral CT, we propose a sequential regularization-based limited-angle spectral CT reconstruction model and its numerical solver. Both simulated and real data experiments validate that our method is capable of suppressing artifacts, preserving edges and reducing decomposition errors.