bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced diffusion and bound exciton interactions of high density implanted bismuth donors in silicon
Authors: Peach T. , Stockbridge K. , Li Juerong , Homewood K. P. , Lourenco M. A. , Chick S. , Hughes M. A. , Murdin B. N. , Clowes S. K.
Published: August 2019

This study reports the effect of an increasing ion dose on both the electrical activation yield and the characteristic properties of implanted bismuth donors in silicon. A strong dependence of implant fluence is observed on both the yield of bismuth donors and the measured impurity diffusion. This is such that higher ion concentrations result in both a decrease in activation and an enhancement in donor migration through interactions with mobile silicon lattice vacancies and interstitials. Furthermore, the effect of implant fluence on the properties of the Si:Bi donor bound exciton, D0X, is also explored using photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In the highest density sample, centers corresponding to the PL of bismuth D0Xs within both the high density region and the lower concentration diffused tail of the implanted donor profile are identifiable.
New split-ring resonator design paves way for high-resolution electron streak imaging
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2019

The use of a new split-ring resonator in relativistic electron streak cameras can improve the amplitude of the deflection field by an order of magnitude and increase temporal resolution.
Characterisation of steel/nickel bronze clad strips prepared by continuous solid/liquid bonding method
Authors: Jie Jinchuan , Liu Chengbin , Wang Shihang , Dong Bowen , Liu Shichao , Li Tingju
Published: August 2019

A continuous solid/liquid bonding method was successfully developed to fabricate Cu–10wt-%Ni–1wt-%Fe (nickel bronze) clad steel with a good metallurgical bonding in the present study. The results indicated that the diffusion distance of interface is about 1.90–2.18 µm. The average tensile shear strength of centre composite strip at as-cast state is 228 ± 5 MPa, while that of edge is 202 ± 6 MPa, and the interface strength is higher than that of bronze since the fracture always occurs on the nickel bronze side. After the rolling process, the tensile shear strength increases with the increasing rolling reduction. The reason can be ascribed to the strengthening of the nickel bronze whose strength is still lower than the interface.
Inhomogeneous strain and recrystallisation of a shot-peened Inconel 625 alloy after annealing
Authors: Kumagai Masayoshi , Kimura Kazuki , Shimada Naoki , Ishiwata Masato
Published: August 2019

Microstructural variations in a shot-peened nickel superalloy after isothermal annealing were observed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The analysis was based on inverse pole figure and kernel average misorientation maps. Before annealing, a heavily plastically deformed layer was observed under the surface. Post annealing for 1 h, the uppermost 30–40 µm layer was discontinuously recrystallised and inhomogeneous strains remained in the below layers. After a particular duration, the inhomogeneous strains recovered but did not recrystallise. The threshold depth of recrystallisation depended on the inhomogeneous strains. Recrystallisation and growth progressed from the recrystallisation-threshold depth toward the surface. These microstructural variations explain the release mechanism of the residual stress induced by shot peening.
Engaging an Unstably Housed Population with Low-Barrier Buprenorphine Treatment at a Syringe Services Program: Lessons Learned from Seattle, Washington
Authors: Hood Julia E. , Banta-Green Caleb J. , Duchin Jeffrey S. , Breuner Joseph , Dell Wendy , Finegood Brad , Glick Sara N. , Hamblin Malin , Holcomb Shayla , Mosse Darla , Oliphant-Wells Thea , Shim Mi-Hyun Mia
Published: August 2019

Background: Clinic-imposed barriers can impede access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). We evaluated a low-barrier buprenorphine program that is co-located with a syringe services program (SSP) in Seattle, Washington, USA.

Methods: We analyzed medical record data corresponding to patients who enrolled into the buprenorphine program in its first year of operation. We used descriptive statistics and tests of association to longitudinally evaluate retention, cumulative number of days buprenorphine was prescribed, and toxicology results.

Results: Demand for buprenorphine among SSP clients initially surpassed programmatic capacity. Of the 146 enrolled patients, the majority (82%) were unstably housed. Patients were prescribed buprenorphine for a median of 47 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 8–147) in the 180 days following enrollment. Between the first and sixth visits, the percentage of toxicology tests that was positive for buprenorphine significantly increased (33% to 96%, P < .0001) and other opioids significantly decreased (90% to 41%, P < .0001) and plateaued thereafter. Toxicology test results for stimulants, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates did not significantly change.

Conclusions: SSP served as an effective point of entry for a low-barrier MOUD program. A large proportion of enrolled patients demonstrated sustained retention and reductions in opioid use, despite housing instability and polysubstance use.
ILC2s chew the fat
Authors: Ricardo-Gonzalez Roberto R. , Locksley Richard M.
Published: August 2019

In this issue of JEM, Rana et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190689) report that adipose tissue multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) provide multifaceted support for adipose tissue–resident ILC2s through contact-mediated proliferation and IL-33–mediated stress-induced activation.
Paul F. Cranefield Award to Anne E. Carlson
Authors: Trudeau Matthew C.
Published: August 2019

Trudeau recognizes the latest recipient of the Cranefield Award.
Cyclotron motion without magnetic field
Authors: Hasdeo Eddwi H , Frenzel Alex J , Song Justin C W
Published: August 2019

Non-trivial Bloch band overlaps endow rich phenomena to a wide variety of quantum materials. The most prominent example is a transverse current in the absence of a magnetic field (i.e. the anomalous Hall effect). Here we show that, in addition to a dc Hall effect, anomalous Hall materials possess circulating currents and cyclotron motion without magnetic field. These are generated from the intricate wavefunction dynamics within the unit cell. Curiously, anomalous cyclotron motion exhibits an intrinsic decay in time (even in pristine materials) displaying a characteristic power law decay. This reveals an intrinsic dephasing similar to that of inhomogeneous broadening of spins. Circulating currents can manifest as the emission of circularly polarized light pulses in response to an incident linearly polarized (pulsed) electric field, and provide a direct means of interrogating a type of Zitterbewegung of quantum materials with broken time reversal symmetry.
Fault-tolerant preparation of approximate GKP states
Authors: Shi Yunong , Chamberland Christopher , Cross Andrew
Published: August 2019

Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) states appear to be amongst the leading candidates for correcting errors when encoding qubits into oscillators. However the preparation of GKP states remains a significant theoretical and experimental challenge. Until now, no clear definitions for fault-tolerantly preparing GKP states have been provided. Without careful consideration, a small number of faults can lead to large uncorrectable shift errors. After proposing a metric to compare approximate GKP states, we provide rigorous definitions of fault-tolerance and introduce a fault-tolerant phase estimation protocol for preparing such states. The fault-tolerant protocol uses one flag qubit and accepts only a subset of states in order to prevent measurement readout errors from causing large shift errors. We then show how the protocol can be implemented using circuit QED. In doing so, we derive analytic expressions which describe the leading order effects of the nonlinear dispersive shift and Kerr nonlinearity. Using these expressions, we show that to mitigate the nonlinear dispersive shift and Kerr terms would require the protocol to be implemented on time scales four orders of magnitude longer than the time scales relevant to the protocol for physically motivated parameters. Despite these restrictions, we numerically show that a subset of the accepted states of the fault-tolerant phase estimation protocol maintain good error correcting capabilities even in the presence of noise.
Investigation of ultrathin carbon film growth and etching by in-situ X-ray reflectivity
Authors: Baranov A M , Ivanov I I
Published: August 2019

The results of studies of carbon films in the process of their growth and etching in plasma of radio-frequency discharge in real time by in-situ X-ray reflectometry are presented. The film thickness, growth rate, density and surface roughness were calculated from the time dependence of the reflection coefficient of x-rays at a wavelength of 1.54 A. A method for the production of carbon films with a super-smooth surface was proposed.
Study of the stress state in coated bodies on the layer separation boundary under contact interaction
Authors: Chebakov M I , Danilchenko S A
Published: August 2019

The issue of stress state in coated bodies is a persistent problem in mechanical engineering and materials science that has congregated numerous efforts, both from experimental and fundamental points of view. The given paper concentrates on the contact problem considering the interaction between a punch and a dual-layered strip base that serves as a model of the interaction between loaded coating and the substrate. It also suggests strategies for applying analytical approaches and using the finite element method to solve the set of goals. The calculations and conducted study of the stress state in the base at the layer interface demonstrate that tensile normal stresses occur at the layer interface, which can lead to the top-layer delamination from the bottom one.
Investigation of physical-mechanical and tribological properties of suspensions of nanoparticles based on polyethylsiloxane liquid
Authors: Dembelova T S , Badmaev B B , Makarova D N
Published: August 2019

The study of the physical-mechanical properties of suspensions of silica dioxide nanoparticles and fullerenes in polyethylsiloxane liquid was carried out. The shear modulus and effective viscosity of nanosuspensions were determined by the acoustical resonance method, the coefficient of friction with the base polyethylsiloxane lubricant and modified lubricants was determined, and an improvement of the tribological properties of the synthesized suspensions was shown due to increasing the strength of the lubricating film.
Vibroacoustic monitoring of the intermetallic phase formation when electron-beam technology surface alloying
Authors: Fedorov S V , Kozochkin M P , Maung T H , Swe M H
Published: August 2019

Synthesis of intermetallic phases of AlNi system using surface alloying technology on the surface of aluminum alloy products is not highly stable, so it seems appropriate to use diagnostic systems. In such cases, the method of vibroacoustic signal registration can be used, since it allows to control the kinetics of the process and phase transformations associated with the change in volume. Under the action of a low-energy high-current electron beam, the appearance of a vibroacoustic wave is due to the effect of thermoelasticity in a thin surface layer capable of providing a reaction of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis between a thin film of a titanium or nickel alloy and an aluminum substrate. Tracking changes in the effective value of the vibroacoustic signal make it possible to clearly state the formation of the intermetallic phase and select rational modes of irradiation.
Strengthening of cutting tools using beams of fast neutral atoms in a low-pressure gas discharge plasma
Authors: Grigoriev S , Volosova M , Metel A , Melnik Y , Mustafaev E , Nay H A
Published: August 2019

The surface of a 26-mm-diameter reamer made of AISI M2 high-speed steel has been nitrided in a low-pressure glow discharge plasma. Then a 3-μm-thick wear-resistant TiN coating has been magnetron sputtered on the hardened surface. After the combined processing the reamer’s cutting edges radii grew from the initial value of ∼8 μm up to ∼37 μm. The reason for the strengthened tool blunting is selective sputtering of the edges by heating ions accelerated from the plasma. Another reamer under nitriding was heated by a beam of fast atoms arriving at the tool surface from an immersed in the plasma concave grid negatively biased to 6 kV. Due to the uniform sputtering of the tool surface by the beam, the edges radii after nitriding and 3-μm-thick TiN coating deposition did not exceed the initial value.
The study of powder coatings based on Al and Ni, obtained by supersonic plasma spraying
Authors: Ilinykh S A , Sarsadskih K I , Chusov S A , Korolev O A , Achmetshin S M , Krashaninin V A
Published: August 2019

In present research are presented the results of the study and evaluation of the strength characteristics of Al and Ni-Al coatings applied by supersonic plasma spraying on plastic and aluminum substrates. The spraying of coatings with various compositions was carried out on the supersonic plasma unit. It is shown that the coating is sufficiently strong, it also has satisfactory corrosion resistance and has sufficient shielding effectiveness against electromagnetic radiation. The screening efficiency was measured by the ZVA 24 VectorNetworkAnalyzer.
Modification of metal surface under the radiation exposure in the atomic-scale
Authors: Ivchenko V A
Published: August 2019

Modification of the surface structure by radiation exposure in metallic materials was investigated by field ion microscopy. Irradiation regimes for the formation of amorphized and nanostructured states in the near-surface platinum regions were determined. Established modes of radiation processing of engineering alloys Pd50Cu30Ag20 to obtain in the near-surface volume structures like microduplex-type structure (the particle size of the phases to 100 nm) with the required combination of properties.
On the mechanism of pore formation in pyrolized polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Kakorina O A , Zaporotskova I V , Kozhitov L V , Popkova A V
Published: August 2019

The paper presents a study of the possibilities and mechanisms of pore formation (based on vacancy defects) in single-layer and two-layer pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile. The geometrical and electronic-energy characteristics are described, the effect of the number of PPAN layers on the processes under consideration is studied. Theoretical calculations were performed using the molecular cluster model and the quantum chemical method MNDO.
Simulation of the performance properties of cutting tools with coatings for specified operating conditions
Authors: Kirichek A V , Mokritsky B Y , Morozova A V
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of solving the problem of choosing a cutting tool with coatings for the given conditions of its subsequent operation using the capabilities of computer modeling of the architecture of coatings of hard-alloy tool materials. The results of the predictive tool material design for the specified operating conditions with a high degree of reliability allow us to evaluate the performance of tool materials in actual operating conditions. The developed computer models of cutting tools multilayer coatings are adequate, and the results of the calculations correspond to the experimental data obtained under the specified operating conditions of the tools. The novelty of the proposed approach consists in the development of the methodological foundations for the design of multilayer coatings of tools based on the analysis of computer simulation results of its stress-strain state during the cutting process.
Development of calcium phosphate coatings with regulated porous structure as drug carrier systems
Authors: Komarova E G , Sedelnikova M B , Kondranova A M , Kazantsev S O , Sharkeev Yu P
Published: August 2019

The calcium phosphate coatings were formed by the micro-arc oxidation method under different applied voltage. It was shown that the thickness, surface roughness, porosity and sizes of the structural elements of the coatings increased with increasing of the applied voltage. In addition, the increase in the voltage led to the structural-phase transformation in the coatings from the amorphous state to the amorphous-crystalline state with incorporation of CaHPO4, α-Ca2P2O7, β-Ca2P2O7 and TiO2 (anatase) nano-sized phases. The micro-porous amorphous coatings formed at a low voltage of 200 V showed the highest adsorption of the doxorubicin. The formed coatings with regulated porous structure and specified phase composition can be used as anticancer (e.g., doxorubicin) drug carrier systems.
The change in the elastic modulus values for the thickness of a multilayer coating based on TiN and CrN layers
Authors: Kuznetsova T A , Lapitskaya V A , Shabliuk A V , Warcholinski B , Gilewicz A , Chizhik S A , Aizikovich S M , Mitrin B I , Krenev L I
Published: August 2019

The results of investigations the cross section microstructure of a multilayer coating with a thickness of about 6 μm obtained by cathode arc evaporation, are presented. The top layer of the coating is TiN with a thickness of 200 nm, and the base consists of alternating layers of CrN and CrCN with a thickness of 200 nm per layer. Microhardness (H) and elasticity modulus of (E) were measured on the coating surface, on the CrN / CrCN layer surface, and over the cross section of the coating by nanoindentation (NI). It is established that the E values gradient from the surface with E = 313 GPa to the substrate with E = 176 GPa is smooth. The critical load of adhesive strength of the coating determined in the scratch test was 120 N.
The effect of the titanium surface layer thickness on the characteristics of a layered composite material
Authors: Nasakina E O , Sudarchikova M A , Demin K Yu , Gol’dberg M A , Baskakova M I , Tsareva A M , Ustinova Yu N , Leonova Yu O , Sevost’yanov M A
Published: August 2019

Nano- and micro-dimensional surface layers of titanium on flat and wire NiTi substrates were obtained. The structure and composition of the samples was determined using SEM, AES, Auger spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. With increasing deposition time, the thickness of the surface layer increases nonlinearly. The transition layer provides high adhesion of the surface layer to the substrate.
The tribological characteristics and structural state of Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N coatings in temperature range test to 300 ºC
Authors: Ovchinnikov S V
Published: August 2019

The study of tribological characteristics and the structural state of Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N gradient-layer coatings has found that, for temperatures up to 100 °C, these coatings are subject to abrasive and oxidative wear. Increase in their coefficient of friction is associated with cracking, tribofilm formation, and delamination of tribofilm and coating, with the formation of track relief due to localization of substrate deformation. An increase in the test temperature to 300 °C results in adhesive wear.
Formation of transition gradient layers in the process of creating a surface composite “steel-coating (Al, Al-N)” at VIP treatment
Authors: Petrov L M , Grigorovich K V , Sprygin G S , Ivanchuk S B , Smirnova A N , Semenov V D
Published: August 2019

The regularities of the formation of gradient layers in the process of applying coatings on steel by the vacuum ion-plasma method when the ratios of the elements of the gas flow of a metallic plasma are studied. It was shown that the interaction of Al-based plasma flows with the sample surface produces single-layer and multi-layer coatings of Al and Al-N systems, in which the processes of direct and inverse diffusion of the coating and substrate elements occur.
Plasma way for oxide nanoparticles obtaining
Authors: Safronov A A , Kuznetsov V E , Dudnik Yu D , Shiryaev V N , Vasilieva O B
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with various designs of alternating current plasma torches that can be used in the technological cycle for production of nanoscale materials. The results of experimental studies on the production of ultrafine powders of metal oxides (iron and aluminum) by plasma methods with the help of a laboratory installation based on an alternating current plasma torch are presented.
Study of the additional strengthening treatment impact on structural parameters and mechanical properties of coatings based on nitrides of niobium, titanium, zirconium and aluminum
Authors: Sizov S V , Tabakov V P , Chikhranov A V , Bobrovskij I N , Adakin V A
Published: August 2019

In this paper results of the impulse laser processing impact on structural parameters and mechanical properties of coatings based on nitrides of niobium, titanium, zirconium and aluminum are set out. Structures of multilayer coatings are suggested and the utilization efficiency of carbide-tipped tools with engineered coatings is shown.
Films and fractal units under cathode disposal of titanium
Authors: Smolanov N A
Published: August 2019

Analysis of the processes in the cathode spot of the vacuum arc were carried out. Possibly, these processes lead to the formation and growth of fractal aggregates from arc discharge plasma. The results obtained in the study of the structure of dust particles of the arc discharge plasma underlie the hypothesis. One of the possible reasons for the formation of fractal structures is the occurrence of current sheets and droplet spots when cathode spots approach each other.
Effect of post annealing on properties of N-doped TiO2 films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sun Zhilei , Evdokimov K E , Konishchev M E , Kuzmin O S , Pichugin V F
Published: August 2019

The paper studies the effect of annealing on the structure and properties of N-doped TiO2 films, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. An increase in the annealing temperature results in a reduction of the film thickness and a rise of the refractive index. The post annealing induces the anatase-rutile phase transition and also leads to band gap narrowing and wettability transition.
Wear nucleation in vacuum ion-plasma coatings and methods of its assessment
Authors: Varavka V N , Kudryakov O V , Morozkin I S , Zabiyaka I Yu , Bronnikova N I
Published: August 2019

The paper discusses coatings of different composition and structure. The object of the study was the stage of nucleation wear of the coatings. Coatings up to 10–12 μm thick were obtained by ion-plasma deposition in a vacuum. The analytical part of the work is based on the theory of dislocations. This made it possible to create a computational model of the stage of nucleation of wear under conditions of cyclical impacts, which is problematically identified by instrumental methods. The comparison of calculated data with experimental data are given.
Ion-vacuum technology for manufacturing elements for nanogradient optics and metamaterials
Authors: Volpian O D , Kuzmichev A I , Churikov D V
Published: August 2019

The technology and the automated ion-plasma vacuum equipment for the manufacture of thin film elements for nanogradient optics and metamaterials by the method of physico-chemical synthesis of coatings from oxides and nitrides is presented. The technology is based on the mid-frequency pulse magnetron ion sputtering of two solid metal targets with ion bombardment of substrates and high-frequency induction-plasma activation of reaction gases.
The peculiarities of surface cladding by laser metal deposition of AISI304 steel
Authors: Zavalov Y N , Dubrov A V , Makarova E S , Dubrov V D
Published: August 2019

The study of the cladding process with the laser metal deposition (LMD) equipment was carried out. The experimental results of the tracks formation on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel are presented. The technological regimes of LMD are shown, samples of coatings are obtained, measurements of the geometric characteristics of the samples are carried out.
Study of Correlation of Residential and Industrial Growth Pattern in Semarang City to the Aquifer Capacity Changes in the Year 2014-2017
Authors: Prasetyo Yudo , Bashit Nurhadi , Simarsoit Yonanda
Published: August 2019

The growth of urban areas dominated by residential and industrial land cover will encourage the high use of clean water and land loading (compaction due to building loads). The use of water in people’s daily lives and industrial activities still relies on nature, namely in the form of groundwater or aquifers. Continuous water collection, especially in big cities in Indonesia, will have a negative impact on the environment which results in changes in the environment itself. Environmental changes due to the impact of taking water that might occur are land subsidence (LS). For this reason, this study will examine the relationship of the impact of the development of residential areas in the city of Semarang on the decline of shallow aquifer capacity (SAC), deep aquifer capacity (DAC) and (LS). Observation of changes in SAC in this study was observed in the type of shallow aquifer using shallow wells (SA) data. For the growth of the residential area of Semarang will be focused on the land cover of residential and industrial areas in the 2014-2017 period. The overlapping method is used to correlate the effect of changes in shallow and deep aquifer capacity in Semarang City. The results of this study get the correlation value of changes in shallow aquifer depth and settlement has a very high correlation from 2014 to 2018 with the percentage always above 50%. From 2014 to 2015 the correlation of shallow aquifer with settlements was 73.78%, from 2015 to 2016 86.88%, from 2016 to 2017 53.69% and in 2017 to 2018 61.54%. The level of correlation of changes in the depth of the deep aquifer level with the industrial area has a low correlation with a large correlation coefficient of only 0.02322. For the direction of the growth of residential areas and industries have a positive correlation with the capacity of the deep and shallow aquifers where the direction of growth of the region follows the pattern extending along the main roads in the city of Semarang.
Rainfall erosivity in climate changes and the connection to landslide events
Authors: Ahmad A , Lopulisa C , Imran A M , Baja S
Published: August 2019

Climate anomalies lead to changes in rainfall patterns in Indonesia. Climate change has an impact on the increase in seasonal rainfall in December, January, and February, significantly in most areas in Java, Sulawesi, and Eastern Indonesia. Changes in the pattern of rainfall in Indonesia, especially for the sloping area of South Sulawesi, have resulted in increasing intensity of landslides. The objective of this study was to determine changes in rainfall patterns and erosivity that occur in East Luwu District which have an impact on landslide events. Rainfall data used from 1979 to 2017, erosivity value (R-factor) with Lenvain equation, IDW interpolation aplication are used for resulting erosivity map. Data from land cover, geology and soil are used as supporting data in the assessment of landslide events. Changes in the rainfall pattern since 1998-2017, as a result of global climate change, have resulted in increasing rainfall ability to erode the soil. Rainfall erosivity increased by 22% in 1999-2008, and increased to 33% in 2009-2017, most of the study areas in the last 10 years (2007-2017) have erosivity values (R-factor) >200 with high landslides activitty. The high level of rainfall erosivity could be reflected to the high level of climate variability as climate change phenomenon.
Development Direction of Gunung Nona Tourism Area Based on Landslide Mitigation
Authors: Ihsan  , Rasyid Abdul Rachman , Utami Sri , Muhammad Asfan La Ode , Yanti Suci Anugrah
Published: August 2019

Gunung Nona tourism area is one of the tourism areas in Enrekang Regency. As a tourism area in the mountain area, it cannot be denied that this area is vulnerable to disaster especially for landslide. This research aimed to: 1) identify the pattern of development of tourism facilities in the area of Gunung Nona. 2) identify the vulnerability level of landslide in Gunung Nona area. 3) establish regional development strategies of Gunung Nona tourism area based on the landslide mitigation. This research included descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Data analysis technique were observation, interview, documentation, and inventory of related agencies. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, weighted scoring analysis, overlay and spatial mapping analysis. The results of this research were: 1) tourism facilities in the area of Gunung Nona are main facility as tourist attraction, accommodation and restaurant along with complementary facilities such as playground and photo spots. The pattern of development sector from a span of 1995 to 2012 kept following the pattern of main road and started extending to the east following the tourist attraction of Buttu Macca from 2013 to 2018. 2) Gunung Nona tourism area partially covers Mandette village and Bambapuang village. The area with medium level of vulnerability in Madatte village is 926,60 Ha while the whole vulnerable area is 681,21 Ha. Whereas for vulnerability level of Bambapuang village area is 1446,26 Ha and the whole vulnerable area is 915,92 Ha. 3) direction for tourism area is divided into two zones, for vulnerable zone is directed as restricted eco-tourism and can only perform disaster mitigation with environmental approach while vulnerable zone is directed as conditional eco-tourism and can be performed disaster mitigation approach with technical engineering
Analysis of Vegetation Indices Using Metric Landsat-8 Data to Identify Tree Cover Change in Riau Province
Authors: Kartika T , Arifin S , Sari I L , Tosiani A , Firmansyah R , Kustiyo  , Carolita I , Adi K , Daryanto A F , Said Z
Published: August 2019

Landsat-8 has various channels that function to identify an object. The vegetation index algorithm which is based on remote sensing involves several bands and can describe the percentage of canopy and density of vegetation. More than 100 vegetation index algorithms and each can be used in accordance with the research objectives. In this paper we will discuss the utilization of Landsat-8 metric data with the parameters of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and several parameters in metric data with various features to produce indications of rapid land change, especially to detect changes in tree cover area to lose tree cover and vice versa. For this purpose, the annual Landsat-8 metrics data is located in Riau Province. To compare both NDVI and NBR parameters, the trial and error method is used and the results are compared visually to the two different images of the year. The result is that the NBR parameters with a maximum-70 feature and the threshold for tree cover loss and tree cover gain respectively more than -0.1 provide tangible results in looking at the tree cover changes in Riau Province. In the analysis, other information is needed, for example, a map of the Forest Area to see further whether the changes that occur are in the forest area or not, which will certainly provide different treatment.
Spatial Dynamics Model for Sustainability Analysis of Urban Settlements, Case Study of Surabaya Urban Wetlands, Indonesia
Authors: Subagio Habib , Koestoer Raldi H , Zagloel Yuri M , Darmajanti Linda
Published: August 2019

The city of Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia which still has active wetlands in the form of mangrove and ponds cultivation areas. This wetland has an important contribution to the environmental balance, protection of biodiversity, as well as maintaining the ecological function of the urban area to continue properly. Specifically this region contributes to surface water control which is an absolute prerequisite for the sustainability of settlements in urban zones. Urbanization and economic dynamics continue to drive increasingly highly demands of land, so that wetland areas continue to experience pressure and turn into built-up land use. The spatial dynamics model of land use change is one of the important instruments that can be used to analysis of urban dynamics complexes. This model using 2 methods in stages. First, the spatial data mining (SDM) method used to determine indicators of agents that contribute on the fragmentation of wetlands. Second, the integration method of Markov Change and Cellular Automata (CA) models for spatial land use projection. The results showed that the integration of SDM methods and Markov-CA contributed significantly to improving the accuracy of the results of land use projection. This model is then referred to as guided spatial projection where the process of urban sprawl can be shown to be more rational and logical. The results of the research are projections of the dynamics of land use that are used as input in calculating the surface runoff as one indicator of sustainability for urban settlements.
Characteristics and Classification of Soil Formed from Banda Recent Volcanic Ash on Various Topographic Positions
Authors: Neswati R , Lopulisa C , Rivananda  , Basir A
Published: August 2019

The Banda Islands consist of three main islands namely Banda Besar Island, Banda Naire Island, and Banda Api Island. Banda Api Mountain is an active volcano and based on history has erupted 20 times over the past 400 years. The eruption of volcanic ash has covered most of Banda Naire Island in the east and Banda Big Island in the east and south of Banda Api Mountain. This study aims to determine the characteristics and classification types of soil formed from parent material deposited in recent volcanic ash in different topographic positions. The method used was free survey method through toposequence approach by determining the profile point based on a straight line (transect) while soil classification refers to the Soil Taxonomy System. The results of the study showed that the profile of the soil at the position of the foothills on the island of Banda Naire and the Banda Besar morphologically had Andisols properties (Typic Hapludands), but in generally the physical and chemical characteristics of each soil profile did not match with the Andisols requirements so that they were classified into the Inceptisols (Vitrandic Eutrudepts and Vitrandic Dystrudepts) (in the slope and foothills), while at the top of the hill were classified as Entisols (Typic Udipsamments).
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Generation with Repeat Pass Interferometry Method Using TerraSAR-X/Tandem-X (Study Case in Bandung Area)
Authors: Ali S , Arief R , Dyatmika H S , Maulana R , Rahayu M I , Sondita A , Setiyoko A , Maryanto A , Budiono M E , Sudiana D
Published: August 2019

Technological developments have developed to monitor and map the activities of earth movements. One of the technologies developed for deformation monitoring is using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technology. InSAR is an effective method for measuring surface deformation with sub-centimeter precision. Image processing with this technique produces DEM. DEM is a 3D digital elevation model that shows the physical situation and topography of the earth which is defined as a digital model dimensions obtained from surface elevation using the selected interpolation method. The resulting DEM will be validated in the test area using the appropriate reference DEM. The case study area used is the Bandung area. Data processing with SNAP software where image recording on June 12, 2018 is used as a master image and June 23, 2018 as a slave image. The difference in angle of incidence between the two images is 420 where the master image is Tandem-X and slave image Terrasar-X. Acquisition scenario for DEM generation, several data sets obtained in different TerraSAR-X modes with different incidences of angle combinations in different of times. The baseline value of these two data is 322 meters. Stages of processing starting from coregistration, interferogram generation, goldstein phase filtering, phase unwrapping, phase to elevation and geocoding with DEM output for the Bandung region. From 24 field data points, 20 points are use as validation correction and 4 points as accuracy correction. The DEM generated from the TerraSAR-X corrected using regression corrected and shifting correction. DEM generation from shifting correction is better than regression corrected with absolut error 3,24 m and RMSE 5,52 m.
Detection Phase Growth of Paddy Crop Using SAR Sentinel-1 Data
Authors: Dirgahayu Dede , Made Parsa I
Published: August 2019

Paddy growth monitoring is necessary conducted to ensure successful the harvest and production of paddy. The monitoring can be done by using satellite data, both optical and radar data, which can cover a large area and time observation frequency for seasonal crops, such as paddy. In tropical area, cloudy day usually happen, so that problems can’t be handle with optical data. Utilization of radar data that can penetrate the cloud condition can solve the problem, either as a complement of optical data or used alone to monitor the growth phase of paddy. The research was conducted to investigate the capability of Sentinel 1 SAR multi temporal data to detect the growth phase of paddy crop. The research was done in paddy fields belong to Sang Hyang Sri, Subang, West Java during the planting season of 2017. The results found that SAR data in dual polarization (HV, VV), and both combination can be used to detect paddy phase, such as early planting, vegetative, generative, and bare condition after harvesting.
Sentinel-1 Dual-Polarization Data Analysis to Identify Paddy Growth Stages in Indramayu District
Authors: Agustan  , Yulianto S , Anisah  , Arifandri R , Alhasanah F , Sumargana L , Sadmono Heri
Published: August 2019

Sentinel satellite imagery using radar sensors for one particular area with the same orbit can be compared every 6 days and freely available to be downloaded. This advantage can be exploited to regularly identify land surface changes in a particular region. Paddy is a fast-growing crop with an approximately 120-day life cycle and specific growth stages related to phenological aspect, especially to changes in plant height. Hence, paddy growth stages can be monitored using this radar sentinel satellite with dual polarization data. Radar satellite is also cloud-free and therefore suitable for tropical regions such as Indonesia. This paper describes the results of a study on paddy field observation based on a correlation analysis between backscatter values of Sentinel-1A data with paddy growth stage observation. Sentinel-1A data from January 2018 to May 2018 were downloaded and processed using SNAP software. The study observed 5 stages: early vegetative (V1), late vegetative (V2), generative (G), Harvest (P), and Land Preparation (PL). An experiment was conducted by collocating the backscatter value of pixels at the location of the paddy growth stage observations, grouping and calculating the frequency for each class and then removing the class that had small frequency. These steps were carried out by way of iterations until the condition was above 5% of the threshold. Classification was performed based on range value obtained from the experiment to create paddy growth stage polygons. Correlation value between backscatter value σ0VH and paddy growth stage observation was 0.758. While correlation value between backscatter value σ0VV and paddy growth stage observation was 0.537.
Accuracy Analysis of The Ionospheric Mitigation Effect Using Klobuchar Model And Ionosphere Free LC Method
Authors: Santoso A , Muslim B , Erlansyah
Published: August 2019

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can be considered as an alternative solution from the differential GNSS positioning technique. Recently, PPP technique takes the spotlight due to its low cost and large number of users. Initially dual frequency PPP technique was implemented using GPS only observations. Nowadays, it has started to combine GPS+GLONASS observations in order to improve the position accuracy and reduce the convergence time. The main objective of this research is to examine the performance ionospheric correction methods of the real time PPP using RTKLIB. RTKLIB is an open source program package for GNSS positioning. The overall results show that the ionosphere free LC method of real time RTKLIB PPP present better accuracy rather than Klobuchar model for all positioning modes.
Assessment of the Single Frequency Low Cost GPS RTK Positioning
Authors: Yuwono  , Handoko E Y , Cahyadi M N , Rahmadiansah A , Yudha I S , Sari A
Published: August 2019

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), nowadays, is to be an important tool for determining positions and times on the real-time and post-processing applications. This study aims to assess the performance of the single frequency L1-GPS using low cost receivers. The performance will be evaluated by comparing with the geodetic L1+L2 GPS receiver to positioning performance. The low cost receivers used were Ublox NEO-M8T and Allystar HD9100. While, the dual frequency GPS TOPCON was used as reference receiver. The results show, RTK mode can improve the accuracy compare with single positioning up to centimetres. In this experiment, the Allystar HD9100 gives a better result than Ublox Neo M8T. However, the result discrepancies may be caused by the simple antenna splitter.
Estimation of Dielectric Constant Using A Dual-pol Sentinel-1A in Tropical Peatland
Authors: Marpaung F , Putiamini S , Fernando D , Dinanta G P , Sumirah  , Nugroho D
Published: August 2019

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is newest remote sensing technology that is not affected by meteorological conditions. This technology is particularly suitable for use in tropical regions such as Indonesia. In tropical peatland, Indonesia becomes the most important countries for peat areas and carbon stocks. However, this tropical peatland forest had been disturbed by fires, and become a national issue and an international issue. In disaster mitigation, identifying the existence of tropical peatland are needed. But this information is very limited. Therefore, we analysed backscattering value of VV and VH polarisation, and estimated dielectric constant from a dual-polarisation Sentinel-1A in Siak Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. We also measured dielectric constant at four several types of land use (namely, forest, oil palm, shrubs, and agriculture) along with two types of peat conditions. Results indicated that the dielectric constant decreases as the land use become dry. Results show that the profiles of dielectric constant derived from dual-pol Sentinel-1A images have a high similarity to the direct approach using GPR, with a degree of similarity of 87.24%. The averaged dielectric constants of peat are lower than the peat in subtropics area and ranges between 41 and 68.
Water Change Detection and Its Effect on Land Value
Authors: Sutrisno D , Darmawan M , Windiastuti R
Published: August 2019

Human economic activities on natural resources may affect the sustainability of environment and its economic value. Remote sensing analysis is able to evaluate the environmental changes related to project on economic value. Therefore, by using multi temporal remote sensing data such as Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 Oli, this paper intends to illustrate the impact of changes in the coastal region on its economic value. The method of water change detection, direct cost based on replacement value of land was used for this assessment. Meanwhile, Bedono village was selected as study area. The results show a significant depreciation of 98 % of land value was occurred in the study area caused by inundation of sea water landward.
VS38 Identifies Myeloma Cells With Dim CD38 Expression and Plasma Cells Following Daratumumab Therapy, Which Interferes With CD38 Detection for 4 to 6 Months
Authors: Courville Elizabeth L , Yohe Sophia , Shivers Paula , Linden Michael A
Published: August 2019

Objectives

We report our institutional experience using VS38 to evaluate plasma cells by flow cytometry.

Methods

Flow cytometry data were reanalyzed to compare plasma cell percentages between the standard panel and VS38 panel. Natural killer (NK) and plasma cell CD38 median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were calculated.

Results

Our cohort included 63 specimens from 38 patients. Twenty-six had received daratumumab (monoclonal anti-CD38 therapy) between less than 1 month and 17 months prior. For NK and plasma cells, CD38 MFI values were suppressed for 0 to 4 months and started to increase 4 to 6 months after last exposure. There was no significant difference in clonal plasma cell percentage calculated by the VS38 and standard panels; however, identification and quantification using the VS38 panel were easier.

Conclusions

VS38 is a viable alternative to bright CD38 to identify plasma cells and particularly helpful in myeloma cases with dim CD38 and after daratumumab. Daratumumab interference with CD38 identification persists 4 to 6 months after the last exposure.
Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Glover Láshauntá M , Cain-Shields Loretta R , Wyatt Sharon B , Gebreab Samson Y , Diez-Roux Ana V , Sims Mario
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Limited research has examined the association of life-course socioeconomic status (SES) with hypertension prevalence and incidence in a large cohort of African Americans.

METHODS

Among 4,761 participants from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), we examined the association of SES indicators with prevalent and incident hypertension. We used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR, 95% confidence interval—CI) of baseline (2000–2004) hypertension by adult (education, income, occupation, wealth) and childhood (mother’s education) SES. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) of incident hypertension by adult and childhood SES (2005–2013; 7.21 median years of follow-up). We also examined the association of childhood-to-adult SES mobility (parent-to-adult education) with prevalent and incident hypertension. Model 1 adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 added waist circumference, behaviors (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet), and diabetes prevalence.

RESULTS

High (vs. low) adult SES measures were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, with the exception of having a college degree and upper-middle income (PR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07; PR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09, respectively). Higher childhood SES was associated with a lower prevalence and risk of hypertension (PR: 0.83, 95%: CI 0.75, 0.91; HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.89, respectively). Upward mobility and consistent high SES (vs. consistent low SES) from childhood to adulthood was associated with a greater prevalence, but lower incidence of hypertension.

CONCLUSION

Efforts to prevent hypertension among African Americans should consider childhood and current SES status.