bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handedness Side and Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex Central Sulcus
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Ciulli Stefano , Bianchi Andrea , Marzi Chiara , Orsolini Stefano , Gavazzi Gioele , Aiello Marco , Nicolai Emanuele , Soricelli Andrea , Giannelli Marco , Diciotti Stefano
Published: August 2019

Left-handers show lower asymmetry in manual ability when compared to right-handers. Unlike right-handers, left-handers do not show larger deactivation of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex on functional magnetic resonance imaging when moving their dominant than their nondominant hand. However, it should be noted that morphometric MRI studies have reported no differences between right-handers and left-handers in volume, thickness, or surface area of the SM1 cortex. In this regard, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging is a technique with the potential to provide information on microstructural organization and macromolecular content of tissue. In particular, MT ratio index of the brain gray matter is assumed to reflect the variable content of afferent or efferent myelinated fibers, with higher MT ratio values being associated with increased fibers number or degree of myelination. The aim of this study was hence to assess, for the first time, through quantitative MT ratio measurements, potential differences in microstructural organization/characteristics of SM1 cortex between left- and right-handers, which could underlay handedness side. Nine left-handed and 9 right-handed healthy subjects, as determined by the Edinburgh handedness inventory, were examined with T1-weighted and MT-weighted imaging on a 3 T scanner. The hands of subjects were kept still during all acquisitions. Using FreeSurfer suite and the automatic anatomical labeling parcellations defined by the Destrieux atlas, we measured MT ratio, as well as cortical thickness, in three regions of interests corresponding to the precentral gyrus, the central sulcus, and the postcentral gyrus in the bilateral SM1 cortex. No significant difference between left- and right-handers was revealed in the thickness of the three partitions of the SM1 cortex. However, left-handers showed a significantly (p = 0.007) lower MT ratio (31.92%  ± 0.96%) in the right SM1 central sulcus (i.e., the hand representation area for left-handers) as compared to right-handers (33.28%  ± 0.94%). The results of this preliminary study indicate that quantitative MT imaging, unlike conventional morphometric MRI measurements, can be a useful tool to reveal, in SM1 cortex, potential microstructural correlates of handedness side.
Association between Pancreatic Atrophy and Loss of Insulin Secretory Capacity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lu Jun , Guo Meixiang , Wang Hongtao , Pan Haibin , Wang Liang , Yu Xuemei , Zhang Xueli
Published: August 2019

Aims. To examine pancreatic volume (PV) changes among patients with different duration of type 2 diabetes and whether pancreatic atrophy was associated with loss of insulin secretory capacity. Methods. This cross-sectional study (203 patients with type 2 diabetes, 93 controls without diabetes) was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups: recently diagnosed (duration≤2 years), midterm (duration 3-9 years), and long term (duration≥10 years). All the patients were scanned with upper abdominal computerized tomography; PV was then calculated by an experienced technician. Absolute insulin deficiency was defined as fasting C−peptide<0.9 ng/mL. Results. Compared with PV (cm3) in the controls, the mean PV was similar in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (68.8 versus 71.0, P=0.56) but significantly reduced in patients with midterm (68.8 versus 60.8, P<0.05) and long-term (68.8 versus 53.1, P<0.001) type 2 diabetes. A similar trend was observed for the PV index (PV adjusted for body surface area and body mass index). Furthermore, rates of pancreatic atrophy and absolute insulin deficiency increased with duration of diabetes. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that pancreatic atrophy was associated with higher likelihood of absolute insulin deficiency (odds ratio=4.47, 95%confidence interval=1.45‐13.8). Conclusions. PV was reduced in those with midterm and long-term type 2 diabetes compared to individuals without type 2 diabetes. Overall, pancreatic atrophy was associated with the loss of insulin secretory capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Relationship between Mammographic Density and Age in the United Arab Emirates Population
Authors: Kang Young-Joon , Ahn Soo Kyung , Kim Seung Ja , Oh Hyeyoung , Han Jaihong , Ko Eunyoung
Published: August 2019

Objective. Higher breast density is a strong, independent risk factor for breast cancer. Breast density varies by age, ethnicity, and geographic area although dense breast tissue has been associated with younger age and premenopausal status. The relationship between breast density and age in women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has not been determined. This study evaluated breast density in the UAE population and its relationship with age. Methods. Women participating in the national cancer screening program from August 2015 to May 2018 who underwent screening mammography were included. Breast parenchymal density was classified according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) from category a (almost entirely fatty) through d (extremely dense). Subjects were divided into six age groups, and the association between age and breast density was evaluated. Results. Of the 4911 women included, 1604 (32.7%), 2149 (43.8%), 1055 (21.5%), and 103 (2.1%) were classified as having categories a–d breast density, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between age and breast density category (p<0.001). Women of mean age 44 ± 7 years had the highest breast density, whereas those of mean age 56 ± 14 years had the lowest breast density. Comparisons of Emirati women with Lebanese and Western women showed that breast density was lower in Emirati women than in the other populations. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between mammographic breast density and age in UAE women. As in other populations, age was inversely related to breast density, but the proportion of Emirati women with dense breasts was lower than in other populations. Because this study lacked demographic, clinical, and histopathological data, further evaluation is required.
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Seemingly Entrapped in the Skull
Authors: Friedman S. M. , Rajan G. R.
Published: August 2019

A pulmonary artery catheter is an important tool for the monitoring of hemodynamics in patients. Unfortunately, misplacement of a catheter tip may occur in the vasculature local to the intended placement. Misplacement of the catheter can be further complicated by entrapment at the unintended destination. We present a case of a misplaced and entrapped pulmonary artery catheter in a patient with worsening pulmonary disease. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to float the catheter, it was partially retracted and found to be stuck. Imaging showed the tip terminating in the right internal jugular vein at the level of the jugular foramen. It was initially suspected that the catheter had become looped, knotted, or otherwise entangled within the vasculature of the skull and surgical removal would be necessary. Before surgical removal was performed, it was instead determined that the catheter had become kinked and entrapped at the end of the introducer sheath, and noninvasive removal was accomplished by first removing the introducer sheath.
E-Zigarette hat weitreichende biologische Auswirkungen auf das Bronchialepithel - Erkenntnisse aus proteomischen Analysen
Authors: Hagmeyer Lars
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund: E-Zigaretten werden von den Herstellern häufig als Alternative zum inhalativen Tabakrauchkonsum propagiert. Sie verdampfen Propylenglykol/pflanzliches Glyzerin (PGlyk/pGlyz), Nikotin und Aromastoffe. Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen der verdampften E-Liquid-Substanzen auf die Lunge sind unklar. Fragestellung: In der Studie wurden in vitro und in vivo die chronischen Effekte verdampfter E-Liquid-Substanzen auf das Bronchialepithel untersucht. Material/Methoden: Bronchoskopisch wurden gesunde Nichtraucher, Zigarettenraucher und E-Zigaretten-Nutzer (Vaper; von engl. to vape = verdampfen) untersucht. Bronchoskopisch wurden Bürstenzytologien zur Durchführung proteomischer Analysen gewonnen. Außerdem wurden Analysen in vitro und im Mausmodell durchgeführt, um den Vaping-Effekt zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Bronchoskopisch fand sich die Bronchialschleimhaut der Vaper erythematös. Die Analysen aus den bronchoskopisch gewonnenen Epithelzellen detektierten bei Zigarettenrauchern und Vapern fast 300 Proteine, deren Expressionslevel im Vergleich zu den Nichtraucherprobanden verändert waren. Dabei waren nur 78 Proteine gleichermaßen in beiden Expositionsgruppen, jedoch 113 nur bei den Vapern verändert. Unter anderem waren die Level von CYP1B1 (Cytochrom P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), MUC5AC (mucin 5 AC) und MUC4 bei den Vapern erhöht. Reines PGlyk/pGlyz-Aerosol führte zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung des MUC5AC-Proteins in humanen Atemwegsepithel-Kulturen und in murinen Nasenepithelzellen in vivo. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass E-Liquids schnell nach intrazellulär penetrieren und dass PGlyk/pGlyz die zelluläre Membranfluidität reduziert und die Proteindiffusion beeinträchtigt. Schlussfolgerung: Der chronische Gebrauch von E-Zigaretten hat in der Lunge deutliche biologische Auswirkungen. Diese Auswirkungen sind möglicherweise zum Teil durch das PGlyk/pGlyz-Aerosol verursacht. Die beobachteten Veränderungen sind wahrscheinlich nicht als harmlos einzustufen und könnten durchaus von klinischer Bedeutung sein und die Entstehung chronischer Lungenerkrankungen begünstigen. Weitere Studien müssen die Folgen der E-Zigarette für die Lunge weiter herausarbeiten.
Prospektive Analyse des Vorhersagewertes der sonographischen Pleuraerguss-Echogenität für die Diagnose eines Exsudats
Authors: Stanzel Franz
Published: August 2019

Background: Pleural effusion echogenicity on ultrasound has previously been suggested to allow identification of exudates. A case series suggested that homogenously echogenic effusions are always exudates. With modern imaging techniques and more advanced ultrasound technology, this may no longer be true. Objectives: This study aims to prospectively assess the predictive value of echogenicity in the identification of exudates. Method: Patients undergoing thoracic ultrasound before pleural fluid sampling were analysed prospectively (n = 140). Pleural fluid was classified as an exudate if both fluid total protein (TP) > 29 g/L and fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 2/3 upper limit of normal serum LDH (which is 255 IU/L in females and 235 IU/L in males) were present. If only one of these criteria was met, the effusion was considered to have discordant biochemistry. Results: Fifty-five (39%) patients had non-echogenic and 85 (61%) had echogenic effusions. Six (7.1%) patients with echogenic effusions had transudates; the median fluid TP for this group was 18.5 g/L (IQR 9.75) and median LDH 63.0 IU/L (IQR 40.3). The specificity of echogenicity identifying exudates from transudates, excluding patients with discordant biochemistry, was 57.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90.3%, sensitivity 65.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 21.0%. The specificity of echogenicity identifying exudates (including discordant biochemistry) from transudates was 57.1%, PPV 92.9%, sensitivity 62.7%, and NPV 14.5%. Conclusions: Echogenicity of a pleural effusion has a low specificity for identifying an underlying exudate, and the echogenic qualities of the fluid should not influence clinical decisionmaking.
Direção de tratamento para um “corpo-espinho”: considerações sobre o desejo de analista
Authors: Bonilha Fernanda Cintra do Prado Pereira
Published: August 2019

O desejo de analista é uma questão fundamental à psicanálise e preciosa àqueles que se iniciam em sua prática. Este trabalho se debruça sobre o desejo de analista a fim de encontrar uma direção de tratamento para uma criança psicótica. Diante do imperativo ético de o analista se abster de seu desejo próprio frente ao analisante, haveria uma especificidade do desejo de analista na clínica com crianças e, particularmente, com crianças autistas e psicóticas?
Relato de uma experiência em Bonneuil: o olhar que dá lugar
Authors: Sei Carla Cervera , Sousa Edson Luiz André de
Published: August 2019

Este artigo é sobre uma experiência de estágio realizada na Escola Experimental de Bonneuil-sur-Marne, fundada pela psicanalista Maud Mannoni e que acolhe crianças psicóticas, autistas ou com neuroses graves. Trata-se do relato de uma viajante sobre o seu encontro com o estrangeiro, com o estranho familiar, com a loucura e de suas tentativas de fazer laço com o outro. Foi no encontro com algumas crianças que as pontes e os pontos de contato foram criados pelo território dos orifícios pulsionais, sendo o olhar o enlaçamento primordial.
Classificação e psicopatologia da infância e adolescência: a contribuição francesa chega ao Brasil
Authors: Lima Rossano Cabral
Published: August 2019

Não se aplica (resenha)
Para uma abordagem do desejo do professor: angústia e fantasma como vias de acesso
Authors: Zelmanovich Perla
Published: August 2019

A análise dos efeitos gerados em um dispositivo para a formação de professores nas escolas secundárias é apresentada em uma universidade pública. Argumenta-se de que modo isso facilita a sintomatização da angústia quando o fantasma em que se encontra o desejo do professor é desestabilizado, e o ato educativo se interrompe. É mostrada a maneira como cada professor pode colocar em seus próprios termos os desconfortos que emergem em sua prática cotidiana diante do inabordável do trabalho com adolescentes. Adverte-se sobre a potencialidade de velar o real com os conceitos (da psicanálise), com a escrita e a leitura particularizada, em um dispositivo que põe em funcionamento o enigmático de uma cena para o qual aquele que escreve não tem respostas. Mostra-se a possibilidade de encarnar desde a formação o semblante de “objeto a” via transferência, que se torna especialmente relevante ao acompanhar a produção e sustentação do vínculo educativo com os adolescentes.
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Physicians’ Health Study
Authors: Bodar Vijaykumar , Chen Jiaying , Gaziano J. Michael , Albert Christine , Djoussé Luc
Published: August 2019

Background

Although coffee consumption is often reported as a trigger for atrial fibrillation (
AF
) among patients with paroxysmal
AF
, prospective studies on the relation of coffee consumption with
AF
risk have been inconsistent. Hence, we sought to assess the association between coffee consumption and risk of
AF
in men.

Methods and Results

We prospectively studied men who participated in the Physicians’ Health Study (N=18 960). Coffee consumption was assessed through self‐reported food frequency questionnaires. The incidence of
AF
was assessed through annual questionnaires and validated through review of medical records in a subsample. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95%
CI
s of
AF
. The average age was 66.1 years. A total of 2098 new cases of
AF
occurred during a mean follow‐up of 9 years. Hazard ratios (95%
CI
) of
AF
were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.71‐1.02), 1.07 (0.88‐1.30), 0.93 (0.74‐1.17), 0.85 (0.74‐0.98), 0.86 (0.76‐0.97), and 0.96 (0.80‐1.14) for coffee consumption of rarely/never, ≤1 cup/week, 2 to 4 cups/week, 5 to 6 cups/week, 1 cup/day, 2 to 3 cups/day, and 4+ cups/day, respectively; adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise (
P
for nonlinear trend=0.01). In a secondary analysis the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95%
CI
) of
AF
per standard deviation (149‐mg) change in caffeine intake was 0.97 (0.92‐1.02).

Conclusions

Our data suggest a lower risk of
AF
among men who reported coffee consumption of 1 to 3 cups/day.
Subclinical Longitudinal Change in Ankle‐Brachial Index With Aging in a Community‐Dwelling Population Is Associated With Central Arterial Stiffening
Authors: Oberdier Matt T. , Morrell Christopher H. , Lakatta Edward G. , Ferrucci Luigi , AlGhatrif Majd
Published: August 2019

Background

Aging is associated with a modest decline in ankle‐brachial index (
ABI
); however, the underpinnings of this decline are not fully understood. The greater systolic ankle than brachial blood pressure, a normal
ABI
implies, is partially attributed to lower central than peripheral arterial stiffness. Hence, we examined the hypothesis that the age‐associated decline in
ABI
is associated with central arterial stiffening with aging, assessed by pulse wave velocity.

Methods and Results

We analyzed longitudinal data from 974 participants aged 27 to 95 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who were free of clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Participants had an average of 4 visits with a 6.8‐year average follow‐up time. Linear mixed‐effects models showed that the average
ABI
decline beyond the age of 70 years was 0.03 per decade. In multiple regression analysis, the
ABI
rate of change was inversely associated with initial age (standardized β=−0.0711,
P
=0.0282), independent of peripheral disease factors and baseline
ABI
. After adjustment, the pulse wave velocity rate of change was inversely associated with
ABI
rate of change (standardized β=−0.0993,
P
=0.0040), rendering the association of the latter with initial age nonsignificant (standardized β=−0.0265,
P
=0.5418).

Conclusions

A modest longitudinal decline in
ABI
beyond the age of 70 years was shown to be independent of traditional risk factors for peripheral arterial disease but was accounted for by an increase in pulse wave velocity. A modest decline in
ABI
with aging might be a manifestation of changes in central hemodynamics and not necessarily attributable to peripheral flow–limiting factors.
Evaluation of Plasma Adenosine as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk: Analytical and Biological Considerations
Authors: Simard Trevor , Jung Richard , Labinaz Alisha , Faraz Mohammad Ali , Ramirez F. Daniel , Di Santo Pietro , Perry‐Nguyen Dylan , Pitcher Ian , Motazedian Pouya , Gaudet Chantal , Rochman Rebecca , Marbach Jeffrey , Boland Paul , Sarathy Kiran , Alghofaili Saleh , Russo Juan J. , Couture Etienne , Promislow Steven , Beanlands Rob S. , Hibbert Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Background

Adenosine is a ubiquitous regulatory molecule known to modulate signaling in many cells and processes vital to vascular homeostasis. While studies of adenosine receptors have dominated research in the field, quantification of adenosine systemically and locally remains limited owing largely to technical restrictions. Given the potential clinical implications of adenosine biology, there is a need for adequately powered studies examining the role of plasma adenosine in vascular health. We sought to describe the analytical and biological factors that affect quantification of adenosine in humans in a large, real‐world cohort of patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

Between November 2016 and April 2018, we assessed 1141 patients undergoing angiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used for quantification of plasma adenosine concentration, yielding an analytical coefficient of variance (CV
a
) of 3.2%, intra‐subject variance (CV
i
) 35.8% and inter‐subject variance (CV
g
) 56.7%. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and clinical presentation had no significant impact on adenosine levels. Conversely, increasing age (
P
=0.027) and the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (
P
=0.026) were associated with lower adenosine levels. Adjusted multivariable analysis supported only age being inversely associated with adenosine levels (
P
=0.039).

Conclusions

Plasma adenosine is not significantly impacted by traditional cardiovascular risk factors; however, advancing age and presence of obstructive coronary artery disease may be associated with lower adenosine levels. The degree of intra‐ and inter‐subject variance of adenosine has important implications for biomarker use as a prognosticator of cardiovascular outcomes and as an end point in clinical studies.
Prevalence and Evolution of Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging Lesions in Patients With Artificial Heart Valves
Authors: Breiding Philipe S. , Duerrenmatt Jana T. , Meinel Felix G. , Carrel Thierry , Schönhoff Florian , Zibold Felix , Kaesmacher Johannes , Gralla Jan , Pilgrim Thomas , Jung Simon , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Meinel Thomas R.
Published: August 2019

Background

In patients with mechanical heart valves, cerebral susceptibility‐weighted imaging (
SWI
) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, postulated to be caused by degenerative metallic abrasion, are frequently referred to as
valve abrasion
. It remains unclear whether valve implantation not requiring cardiopulmonary bypass or biological heart valves also shows those lesions.

Methods and Results

Two blinded readers rated
SWI
lesions and cerebral amyloid angiopathy probability according to established criteria on brain magnetic resonance imaging pre‐ and postinterventionally. We assessed the association between valve type/cardiopulmonary bypass use and
SWI
lesion count on the first postinterventional scan using multivariable logistic regression. On postinterventional magnetic resonance imaging, 57/58 (98%) patients with mechanical heart valves had at least 1 and 46/58 (79%) 3 or more
SWI
lesions, while 92/97 (95%) patients with biological heart valves had at least 1 and 72/97 (74%) 3 or more
SWI
lesions. On multivariate analysis, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during implantation significantly increased the odds of having
SWI
lesions on the first postinterventional magnetic resonance imaging (β per 10 minutes 0.498; 95%
CI
, 0.116–0.880;
P
=0.011), whereas valve type showed no significant association (
P
=0.338). Thirty‐seven of 155 (23.9%) patients fulfilled the criteria of possible/probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Conclusions

SWI
lesions in patients with artificial heart valves evolve around the time point of valve implantation and the majority of patients had multiple lesions. The missing association with the valve type weakens the hypothesis of degenerative metallic abrasion and highlights cardiopulmonary bypass as the main risk factor for
SWI
occurrence.
SWI
lesions associated with cardiac procedures can mimic cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Further research needs to clarify whether those lesions are associated with intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis or anticoagulation.
A new species of Eremiascincus (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from the Great Sandy Desert and Pilbara Coast, Western Australia and reassignment of eight species from Glaphyromorphus to Eremiascincus
Authors: MECKE SVEN , DOUGHTY PAUL , DONNELLAN STEPHEN C.
Published: August 2019

The concept of the skink lizard genus Eremiascincus Greer, 1979 is expanded to include eleven species [antoniorum, brongersmai, butlerorum, douglasi, emigrans, fasciolatus, isolepis, richardsonii, musivus sp. nov., pardalis, timorensis], eight of which [antoniorum, brongersmai, butlerorum, douglasi, emigrans, isolepis, pardalis, timorensis] (comb. nov.) previously belonged to Glaphyromorphus Wells & Wellington, 1983. This decision is based on the results of three recent studies, which indicated that ‘Glaphyromorphus’ was a polyphyletic assemblage representing a morphotype within Australian sphenomorphine skinks. In addition, we describe a new species of Eremiascincus based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence. The new species is distributed in coastal areas of the Pilbara region, Dampierland and the Great Sandy Desert in northwestern Western Australia. Eremiascincus musivus sp. nov. differs from regional congeners by possessing a characteristic dorsal pattern comprising numerous whitish and dark spots which align to form a diffuse reticulum, a pale vertebral stripe, more slender body and smaller body size, 52–62 paravertebral scales, scales along top of the fourth toe with oblique sutures on basal quarter to third of digit, subdigital lamellae of fourth toe undivided and feebly keeled and 10–15 plantar scales. The description of E. musivus sp. nov. brings the number of species of Australian Eremiascincus to seven.
New species of the genus Klinckowstroemia Baker &Wharton from Mexico (Acari: Mesostigmata: Trigynaspida: Klinckowstroemiidae)
Authors: VILLEGAS-GUZMAN GABRIEL A. , PÉREZ TILA M. , REYES-CASTILLO PEDRO
Published: August 2019

Ten new species of the genus Klinckowstroemia are described from passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) collected in eastern and southern Mexico. The new species are Klinckowstroemia bifurcata sp. nov., K. hunteri sp. nov., K. valdezi sp. nov., K. montanoi sp. nov., K. brevimarginata sp. nov., K. rectimarginata sp. nov., K. franckei sp. nov., K. santibanezi sp. nov., K. ballesterosi sp. nov. and K. cristinae sp. nov. In some cases two species of Klinckowstroemia occurred on a single individual beetle and in one case an individual specimen of Odontotaenius zodiacus carried three species of mites: K. hunteri, K. bifurcata and K. valdezi. Eleven species of passalid beetles are new hosts for Klinckowstroemia. The beetle species associated with the most species of mites was Odontotaenius zodiacus, with six species; the other beetle species carried one or two mite species each. Mites were found in three areas of the passalid’s body: the coxae, the mesoepisternum and the humeri. Some species of Klinckowstroemia were found on more than one host species: K. valdezi and K. santibanezi were associated with four and three species of passalids respectively. This work increases the number of described species of the genus Klinckowstroemia from 14 to 24 species. The number of species of passalid beetles associated with this mite genus increased from 22 to 33.
Argentine Philornis Meinert species (Diptera: Muscidae) with synonymic notes
Authors: COURI MÁRCIA S. , ANTONIAZZI LEANDRO R. , BELDOMENICO PABLO , QUIROGA MARTIN
Published: August 2019

The examination of Philornis Meinert specimens recently collected in Argentina prompted this study, in which the presence of the previously recorded species is discussed and the literature concerning them is revised. From the seven species previously recorded from Argentina, we recognise three: P. torquans (Nielsen, 1913); P. blanchardi Garcia, 1952; and P. seguyi Garcia, 1952, herein considered as a senior synonym of P. nielseni Dodge, syn. nov. Philornis pici (Macquart, 1854) is considered a doubtful record and P. angustifrons (Loew, 1861) has been mistakenly recorded in Argentina. Finally, P. umanani Garcia, 1952 is considered an unrecognisable species (nomen dubium). Historical data and comments on each of these species are given.
A new species of Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, 1829, the first from Fiji (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: BELLAMY C. L.
Published: August 2019

The genus Chrysobothris Eschscholtz is one of the oldest buprestid genus-group names (Eschscholtz 1829), one of the largest buprestid genera (706 species, 36 subspecies vide Bellamy 2008:1587–1696) and one of only two truly cosmopolitan buprestid genera (Agrilus Curtis, 1815 being the other). Until recently, species of Chrysobothris were unknown in remote Pacific islands (see Comments below). The addition of this taxon to the list of Fiji Buprestidae increases the total to 50 species and one subspecies in 14 genera, which is certainly a respectably-sized fauna for such a small and remote group of islands.
The genus Leucotabanus Lutz (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the Amazon region, with the description of a new species
Authors: HENRIQUES AUGUSTO L. , KROLOW TIAGO K.
Published: August 2019

The Leucotabanus species with records in the Amazon are reviewed. Seven species are included: L. albovarius, L. exaestuans, L. flavinotum, L. janinae, L. pauculus, L. weyrauchi, and L. fairchildi n. sp., which is described herein. The male of L. weyrauchi is described for the first time. Another two non-Amazonian species, L. canithorax and L. sebastianus, were compared, illustrated, and discussed, with new distribution records for the latter species. A key for the seven Leucotabanus species found in the Amazon, along with diagnoses, discussions, distributions and illustrations, are presented.
Johnius taiwanensis, a new species of Sciaenidae from the Taiwan Strait, with a key to Johnius species from Chinese waters
Authors: CHAO NING LABBISH , CHANG CHIH-WEI , CHEN MENG-HSIEN , GUO CHANG-CHANG , LIN BAI-AN , LIOU YOU-YU , SHEN KANG-NING , LIU MIN
Published: August 2019

A new sciaenid fish, Johnius taiwanensis, is described from the southeast coast of mainland China from Zhejiang to Guangdong, Hong Kong, and west coast of Taiwan. Johnius taiwanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Johnius species by having a grayish dorsal half of body divided by a clear line from a whitish ventral half, and a black spot at the dorsal half of pectoral-fin axil, appearing as a distinct dot at the most dorsal point of the pectoral-fin base. First dorsal fin black tipped, other fins pale to dusky but never darkly pigmented. The species lacks distinctly enlarged teeth on upper and lower jaws. Body scales ctenoid, moderately large, with five or six rows between first dorsal-fin origin and lateral line. It is one of the most abundant sciaenids found in the shallow coastal waters (<20 m) of southeast mainland China and the west coast of Taiwan. It has often been misidentified as J. macrorhynus in the region. Phylogenetic analysis from all 27 sciaenid species found in Chinese waters based on the complete COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the genus Johnius is monophyletic and J. taiwanensis is placed as a sister species of J. trewavasae. Acoustic analysis has shown that J. taiwanensis produces a unique sound among fishes in Taiwan coastal waters.
On Bridging A Modeling Scale Gap: Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling for Wind Energy
Authors: Haupt Sue Ellen , Kosovic Branko , Shaw William , Berg Larry K. , Churchfield Matthew , Cline Joel , Draxl Caroline , Ennis Brandon , Koo Eunmo , Kotamarthi Rao , Mazzaro Laura , Mirocha Jeffrey , Moriarty Patrick , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Quon Eliot , Rai Raj K. , Robinson Michael , Sever Gokhan
Published: August 2019

Accurately representing flow across the mesoscale to the microscale is a persistent roadblock for completing realistic microscale simulations. The science challenges that must be addressed to coupling at these scales include the following: 1) What is necessary to capture the variability of the mesoscale flow, and how do we avoid generating spurious rolls within the terra incognita between the scales? 2) Which methods effectively couple the mesoscale to the microscale and capture the correct nonstationary features at the microscale? 3) What are the best methods to initialize turbulence at the microscale? 4) What is the best way to handle the surface-layer parameterizations consistently at the mesoscale and the microscale? 5) How do we assess the impact of improvements in each of these aspects and quantify the uncertainty in the simulations? The U.S. Department of Energy Mesoscale-to-Microscale-Coupling project seeks to develop, verify, and validate physical models and modeling techniques that bridge the most important atmospheric scales determining wind plant performance and reliability, which impacts many meteorological applications. The approach begins with choosing case days that are interesting for wind energy for which there are observational data for validation. The team has focused on modeling nonstationary conditions for both flat and complex terrain. This paper describes the approaches taken to answer the science challenges, culminating in recommendations for best approaches for coupled modeling.
On the Correlation between Total Condensate and Moist Heating in Tropical Cyclones and Applications for Diagnosing Intensity
Authors: Nolan David S. , Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Wu Shun-nan , Soden Brian J.
Published: August 2019

While the transfer of moist enthalpy from the ocean to the atmosphere is the fundamental energy source for tropical cyclones, the release of latent heat in moist convection is the mechanism by which this energy is converted into the kinetic and potential energy of these storms. Most observational estimates of this heat release rely on satellite estimates of rain rate. Here, examination of five high-resolution numerical simulations of tropical cyclones reveals that there is a close correlation between the total condensate and the total heating, even though the former quantity is an amount and the latter is a rate. This relationship is due to the fact that for condensate to be sustained at large values, it must be rapidly replaced by new condensate and associated latent heating. Total condensate and total rain rate within fixed radial distances such as 111 km also show good correlations with the current intensity of the storm, but surprisingly, high values of condensate at high altitudes and close to the storm center are not good predictors of imminent intensification. These relationships are confirmed with an additional ensemble of 270 idealized simulations of tropical cyclones with varying sizes and intensities. Finally, simulated measurements of total condensate are computed from narrow swaths modeled after the cloud profiling radar on the CloudSat satellite. Despite their narrow footprint and the fact that they rarely cut through the exact center of the cyclone, these estimates of total condensate also show a useful correlation with current intensity.
Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: A Single Medical Institution Experience of 18 Years
Authors: Byeon Hyung Kwon , Kim Sang Bin , Oh Hyeon Seok , Kim Hong Kyu , Choi In Hak , Kim Hyunjung , Cho Jae-Gu , Oh Kyung Ho , Baek Seung-Kuk , Woo Jeong-Soo , Kwon Soon-Young , Kim Hoon Yub , Jung Kwang Yoon
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The incidence of pediatric thyroid cancer is relatively low compared to the disease in adults. This study aims to present the data in our institution on pediatric thyroid cancer patients, with particular emphasis on the risk factors of recurrence together with treatment outcomes.

Subjects and Methods:

Between January 2000 and July 2018, patients <20 years who were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and primarily treated with surgery at a major large-volume tertiary medical center specializing in thyroid cancer were enrolled. A total of 83 patients were eligible for this study.

Results:

The majority of the studied patients were girls and adolescents (age ≥13 years). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most common pathology (n = 74). PTC tumors >1 cm showed higher rate of lymph node metastasis and extrathyroidal extension than tumors ≤1 cm. All patients survived with nine PTC patients who displayed treatment failure. Age, tumor size, multifocality, lateral lymph node metastasis, and postoperative thyroglobulin levels were significant prognosticators for disease recurrence.

Conclusion:

Pediatric thyroid cancer is relatively rare and should be considered a specific disease entity with respect to the thyroid cancer in adults, since there are several distinctive characteristics.
Suicide by psychiatric patients: Nature of risk, risk categorisation and preventability
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Prasad Tulika
Published: August 2019

This study considers risk factors associated with suicide by psychiatric patients, the perceived risk at last contact and risk categorisation and reflects upon the potential for prevention. Information regarding 63 consecutive suicides known to mental health services in Wolverhampton, UK, over a 15-year period was collected as part of an audit using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, along with information about preventability. A complex mixture of historical, enduring and current risk factors was observed. In addition to common risk factors, a considerable proportion had histories of multiple co-morbid psychiatric (52.5%) and physical diagnoses (27.6%) and psychiatric admission (70.5%). Common suicide methods included hanging (36.5%) and poisoning (36.5%). Most suicides occurred in the post-discharge months up to around two years (75.8%). Although a range of psychopathologies and suicidal cognitions were observed at the last clinical contact, the immediate suicide risk was considered low (46.2%) or not present (38.5%) in the majority of cases. Clinicians suggested various factors that could have made suicides less likely. Clinical assessment can identify risk factors, but categorisation may not be indicative of the outcome. A focus on modifiable factors, with support for psychosocial and clinical issues, may assist with prevention.
Emerging research practice for impact in the CGIAR: The case of Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI)
Authors: Banerjee Rupsha , Hall Andrew , Mude Andrew , Wandera Brenda , Kelly Jennifer
Published: August 2019

Under increased scrutiny by its funders, the CGIAR continues to search for ways of translating research excellence into innovation and developmental impact. Several approaches have been suggested that recognize the interactive nature of innovation. While these have been deemed useful, it is the deeper institutional change agenda that has been a bottleneck in the evolving ways of the CGIAR deploying science for impact. This article documents an example in the CGIAR where significant innovation appears to have taken place in research practice, and where the institutional setting of both the CGIAR center involved and its donors have adapted to accommodate this new approach. The case study presented is recent experiences at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) of developing and facilitating the adoption of Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) in Kenya and Ethiopia. The approach of the IBLI program evolved as a form of research practice that expands the boundaries of legitimate research practices in the CGIAR: it maintained the essentials of international public goods, but also included activities engaging with innovation processes that led to tangible household impacts. While the development and use of this approach was not without its tensions both within ILRI and with donors funding the work, the approach proved highly successful and won acceptance and legitimacy. This suggests that organizations should encourage and support individual projects and teams to adapt, develop, and adopt different approaches in order to achieve impact. Accepting pluralistic narrative of success will be a critical part of this.
Investigation and low energy improvement of the thermal environment of work areas in the Qingdao Metro in winter
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Wang Zheyong , Shan Peng , Wang Jinyu , Wang Cuiping
Published: August 2019

Few studies have investigated the thermal environment of the work area hall in underground metro stations during winter. Two underground stations were chosen within Qingdao Metro Lines 2 and 3 to investigate the thermal environment in the work area hall in northern city metros in China. Air temperatures and wind velocity parameters were identified as key influencing factors and were continuously measured in the work area. The study found that the thermal environment fluctuates frequently in the work area throughout the day. Changes in temperatures and wind speeds were periodically caused by piston wind flowing from the platform level. To improve this heating situation in the work area in winter, the study proposes recycling waste heat from the power equipment rooms, using the air source but through the water cycle heat pump system. Insights from the study may help save energy and improve the thermal environment, and could be applied across metro stations in north China cities in winter.

Practical application: The thermal comfort of the working area in the metro station hall is extremely poor as indicated by a study of Qingdao Metro stations. This paper explores the application of a heat pump as a means of heating the working area to improve the cold and damp winter environment for the metro staff using waste heat from the machine rooms.
Pollinating Collaboration: Diverse Stakeholders’ Efforts to Build Experiments in the Wake of the Honey Bee Crisis
Authors: Kleinman Daniel Lee , Suryanarayanan Sainath
Published: August 2019

We explored collaboration between scientists and nonscientists through a deliberative process in which stakeholders interested in the health challenges of honey bees gathered on four occasions over two years to design, carry out, and analyze a set of field experiments on honey bee health. We found that issues of trust and authority were crucial matters in constraining and enabling dialogue among our deliberants. Over the course of our deliberations, participants’ trust for one another and appreciation of their respective interests grew, and differences in professional status appeared to play an increasingly less important role in shaping discussion. The field experiments that deliberants crafted and collectively organized over time became an engagement object that was crucial in altering the dynamics of trust and authority. We understand engagement objects as entities that stakeholders with diverse interests, experiences, and expertise collectively build over time to collectively solve overlapping, interacting problems.
Using a Computer-Based Strategy to Teach Self-Advocacy Skills to Middle School Students With Disabilities
Authors: Balint-Langel Kinga , Woods-Groves Suzanne , Rodgers Derek B. , Rila Ashley , Riden Benjamin S.
Published: August 2019

We examined the effects of a computer-based strategy to develop self-advocacy skills for 15 middle school students with mild and moderate disabilities. A pre- and posttest experimental design with random assignment to treatment and wait-list control groups was employed to investigate changes in student participation and level of self-determination. The strategy addressed essential self-advocacy skills including knowledge of self and communication. Results showed significant differences in favor of the treatment group concerning student participation, as measured by student responses to the Self-Advocacy Self-Report. Generalization data indicated positive results for student participation, as measured by student use of SHARE behaviors, a set of social skills necessary for effective communication, in informal meetings with special education teachers. Implications for practice, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Developing one-to-one contemporary trumpet teaching strategies through peer observation and collaborative reflection
Authors: Williamson Paul , Ball Eugene , Wilson Emily
Published: August 2019

Generally, one-to-one music lessons in tertiary settings are delivered by practicing professional musicians. While contemporary musicians draw upon a broad foundation of musical skills, they tend to develop highly specialized skills in a narrow area of performance. This may not be ideal for the one-to-one teaching studio, a situation that calls for a broad repertoire of teaching strategies tailored to individual student needs. This tension is exacerbated, as one-to-one tertiary performer-teachers are often employed on a sessional basis, and as such are offered limited opportunity to receive feedback or professional learning related to their one-to-one teaching practice. This article presents findings from a pilot study employing a peer observation and collaborative reflection approach to professional learning conducted by two contemporary trumpet performer-teachers. Similarities and differences between teaching strategies were identified in order to develop a broader range of teaching strategies that the participants might draw on in the future. In turn, the efficacy of a peer observation and collaborative reflection approach to professional learning for the participants is discussed.
Influence of Food Security Status and Anemia-Related Knowledge on Perceptions About 2 Nutritious Underutilized Foods Among Ghanaian Caregivers
Authors: Agbemafle Isaac , Francis Sarah L. , Jensen Helen H. , Reddy Manju B.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Nutritious underutilized foods (NUFs) significantly contribute to sustainable dietary diversity but are often unused for many reasons.

Objective:

We assessed the influence of food security status (FSS) and anemia-related knowledge (ARK) on perceptions about Solanum torvum (turkey berry) and Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius (palm weevil larvae) among Ghanaian caregivers.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 891 caregivers (aged 20-49 years), who have children 6 to 59 months old, from Upper Manya Krobo district (Eastern region), Kumasi metropolitan (Ashanti region), Ho municipality (Volta region), La-Nkwantanang-Madina, and Ga West municipality (Greater-Accra region), Ghana. Food security status, ARK, and perceptions about the 2 NUFs were obtained using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine effect of FSS and ARK on perception outcomes.

Results:

Thirty-six percent of caregivers were food secure, while 13.9%, 28.4%, and 21.7%, respectively, were mildly, moderately, and severely food insecure. Most caregivers (62.0%) scored above 70% on ARK. High favorable perception was significantly lower for palm weevil larvae than that for turkey berry. Food secure caregivers were 4.5 times more likely to have poor favorable perceptions about palm weevil larvae than food insecure caregivers ( P = .03). However, food secure caregivers were 2.9 times more likely to have high favorable perceptions about turkey berry than food insecure caregivers ( P < .001). Caregivers’ knowledge about anemia was associated with high favorable perception about turkey berry by 3.3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2-5.5, P = .001).

Conclusions:

Nutrition education about turkey berry and palm weevil larvae is needed to encourage their use for promoting nutrient density of complementary and household foods.
Beyond psychoanalysis and group analysis. The urgent need for a new paradigm of the human being
Authors: Tubert-Oklander Juan
Published: August 2019

Freud’s momentous discovery that the largest part of mental life, both individual and collective is unknown to us and out of our control, brought about a major revolution in epistemology and our conception of the human being, but such evolution was stalled by Freud’s adherence to several assumptions that were an essential part of his Weltanschauung or ‘Conception of the World’. These were the individualistic paradigm and the misguided attempt to turn the discipline he had created into a positivistic science, framed in the model of the natural sciences. Orthodox psychoanalysis has since focused on the intrapsychic, leaving out the interpersonal and social dimensions.

Group analysis, as introduced by Foulkes has been a bold attempt to transcend the limitations of psychoanalysis and integrate the dimensions it has ignored or denied. Nonetheless, the development of Foulkes’ revolutionary contributions was encumbered by his adherence to Freudian theory, just like the latter was by his creator’s subservience to positivistic natural science.

Psychoanalysis and group analysis are two aspects of the wider field of analysis, but they are still impeded by a series of assumptions held by both science and common sense. These are: i) materialistic metaphysics, ii) the Cartesian subject, iii) deterministic positivism, iv) neutral objectivism, and v) rejection of teleology. Hence, the need to go beyond psychoanalysis and group analysis and formulate a new paradigm of the human being.

This is a work in progress, being tackled by many people from different fields of human knowledge and practice, such as physical science, biology, neuroscience, psychoanalysis, group analysis, sociology, political science, philosophy, theology, hermeneutics, and the Humanities, among many others. It is an interdisciplinary enterprise, to which analysis may and should contribute, but only through an open dialogue with its peers in the field of human thought.