bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and iatrogenic poisoning by sodium selenite in pigs
Authors: Peixoto Paulo V. , Oliveira Krishna D. , França Ticiana N. , Driemeier David , Duarte Marcos D. , Bezerra Jr Pedro S. , Cerqueira Valíria D. , Armién Aníbal G.
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT: Following a case of iatrogenic selenium poisoning in a young pig, an experimental study was carry out. Sodium selenite was orally and parenterally administered to 13 pigs that were subdivided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). The animals in groups G1 and G3 received sodium selenite intramuscularly (IM), G1 received a comercial formula, and G3 received sodium selenite mixed with distilled water at different dosages, and those in group G2 were fed commercial sodium selenite. Acute and subacute poisoning was observed in both groups, although the onset of clinical signs was slower in group G2. Only one pig (in group G1) that had received the highest dose showed a peracute course. Apathy, anorexia, dyspnea, vomiting, muscular tremors, proprioceptive deficit, ataxia and paresis of the hind limbs progressing to the front limbs evolving to tetraplegia were observed. Postmortem findings differed whether the animals received the injected (G1 and G3) or oral (G2) sodium selenite. The liver was moderately atrophic in some animals of G2. Some of the animals in groups G1 and G3 presented with lung edema. One pig in G3 had yellowish-brown areas in the ventral horns of the cervical intumescences of the spinal cord. The most important histological changes were present in the ventral horns of the cervical and lumbar intumescences of the spinal cord. In one animal, changes were present in the brainstem and mesencephalon. The initial lesion was a perivascular and astrocyte edema that progressing to lysis and death of astrocytes and neurons. In the chronic stage of the lesions, there were extensive areas of liquefaction necrosis with perivascular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration and occasional eosinophils. It seems that disruption of the blood-brain barrier due to astrocyte edema is the most likely mechanism of CNS lesion.
Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors for infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Marques-Santos Fabielle , Amendoeira Maria Regina R. , Carrijo Kênia F. , Santos João Paulo A.F. , Arruda Igor F. , Sudré Adriana P. , Brener Beatriz , Millar Patricia R.
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT: The Triângulo Mineiro region from Minas Gerais state, is an important meat-exporting region of Brazil and data about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in this area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of T. gondii in swine and establish the risk factors associated with the infection. Samples were collected from 600 pigs raised under intensive system in farms located at three different counties (Carmo do Paranaíba, Patrocínio and Perdizes). The samples were submitted to indirect hemagglutination antibody test with dilution of 1:32 and to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with a cutoff of 1:64. The occurrence of positive pig was 3.3% (n=20) and 51.8% (n=311) respectively. A significant difference was observed between toxoplasmatic infection and factors such as lineage, animal origin, size of the farm, collective raising with others species, presence of rodents and type of water offered (p≤0.05). There was no difference between gender and the farm goals. The results demonstrated an occurrence of anti-T.gondii antibodies higher than expected for intensive pig raising system on the studied area, which could indicate a possible sanitary management problem on the studied proprieties. Improvements on the raising techniques are necessary to reduce T. gondii infection sources.
Podem as bactérias ácido lácticas probióticas apresentarem efeito antitumoral em modelo animal de câncer de cólon? Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Calaça Priscilla R.A. , Bezerra Raquel P. , Porto Ana L.F. , Cavalcanti Maria T.H.
Published: September 2017

RESUMO: O Câncer de cólon é um dos tipos mais comuns de câncer no mundo e a segunda principal causa de morte relacionada a esta doença em países desenvolvidos. Até 75% dos casos estão associados com a alimentação, indicando que uma pessoa pode reduzir o seu risco simplesmente através de modificação na dieta. Estudos em animais demonstram que várias cepas de bactérias ácido lácticas protegem contra o câncer de cólon em roedores, embora os dados em humanos sejam limitados e conflitantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia das bactérias ácido lácticas no tratamento e redução do câncer de cólon em modelo animal. Foram realizadas buscas sistemáticas em bases de dados eletrônicas alcançando 1079 artigos relacionados, entretanto apenas 6 artigos foram eleitos de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade para análise. Todos os artigos avaliados apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto à inibição do câncer de cólon em ratos e camundongos ao utilizarem cepas predominantemente do gênero Lactobacillus. Este estudo pode responder a hipótese de que as bactérias ácido lácticas apresentam efeito preventivo e antitumoral contra o câncer de cólon.
Pesquisa de hemoglobinopatias em cães da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro portadores de anemia crônica
Authors: Queiroz Gabriel Bobany de , Machado Sérgio Lisboa , Toma Helena Keiko , Alencar Nayro Xavier , Macieira Daniel Barros , Almosny Nadia Regina Pereira
Published: September 2017

RESUMO: Talassemias e hemoglobinopatias são condições hereditárias encontradas em humanos de todo o mundo. Em medicina veterinária, o polimorfismo de hemoglobinas tem sido estudado em animais de produção, mas não existem relatos de hemoglobinopatias em cães, e os estudos envolvendo o polimorfismo de hemoglobinas nesta espécie são escassos. Com o objetivo de pesquisar variantes da hemoglobina em cães, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 202 caninos de variadas raças, sendo 130 portadores de anemia crônica (Grupo Experimental) e 72 animais clinicamente saudáveis (Grupo Controle). Estas amostras foram submetidas à eletroforese alcalina de hemoglobinas, que permitiu a separação e quantificação das frações de hemoglobina por densitometria, e posteriormente submetidas à eletroforese de hemoglobinas em meio ácido, técnica utilizada em medicina humana para a separação de frações de hemoglobinas variantes que não se diferenciam em meio alcalino. O eritrograma e índices hematimétricos foram obtidos concomitantemente. Os métodos utilizados demonstraram que a HbA é o maior componente da hemoglobina canina, e que uma pequena quantidade de HbA2 pode ser detectada em uma parcela dos animais avaliados, sendo que a maioria dos caninos apresentava exclusivamente HbA em sua composição. Concluiu-se que a presença ou ausência de HbA2 não interfere nos índices hematimétricos dos animais avaliados, e que quando comparadas as hemoglobinas dos grupos Experimental e Controle, não são observadas diferenças na distribuição das frações destas, além de não serem observadas hemoglobinas variantes nos caninos avaliados.
Minimally invasive hysterectomy in Coatis ( Nasua nasua )
Authors: Minto Bruno W. , Nagatsuyu Claudia E. , Teixeira Carlos R. , Zanuzzo Felipe S. , Candido Thaísa D. , Diogo Lucia M.I. , Macedo Aline S.
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT: Some wildlife species, such as coatis, have a high degree of adaptability to adverse conditions, such as fragmented urban forests, increasingly common on the world stage. The increase in the number of these mesopredators causes drastic changes in the communities of smaller predators, interferes with reproductive success of trees, as well as becoming a form of exchange between domestic and wild areas, favoring the transmission of zoonosis and increasing the occurrence of attacks to animals or people. This report describes the use of minimally invasive hysterectomy in two individuals of the species Nasua nasua, which can be accomplished through the use of hook technique, commonly used to castrate dogs and cats. The small incision and healing speed of incised tissues are fundamental in wild life management since the postoperative care is limited by the behavior of these animals. This technique proved to be effective and can greatly reduce the morbidity of this procedure in coatis.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis associated to Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Bianco Bianca , Christofolini Denise Maria , Conceição Gabriel Seixas , Barbosa Caio Parente
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common muscle disease found in male children. Currently, there is no effective therapy available for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Therefore, it is essential to make a prenatal diagnosis and provide genetic counseling to reduce the birth of such boys. We report a case of preimplantation genetic diagnosis associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The couple E.P.R., 38-year-old, symptomatic patient heterozygous for a 2 to 47 exon deletion mutation in DMD gene and G.T.S., 39-year-old, sought genetic counseling about preimplantation genetic diagnosis process. They have had a 6-year-old son who died due to Duchenne muscular dystrophy complications. The couple underwent four cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and eight embryos biopsies were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for specific mutation analysis, followed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) for aneuploidy analysis. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis revealed that two embryos had inherited the maternal DMD gene mutation, one embryo had a chromosomal alteration and five embryos were normal. One blastocyst was transferred and resulted in successful pregnancy. The other embryos remain vitrified. We concluded that embryo analysis using associated techniques of PCR and array CGH seems to be safe for embryo selection in cases of X-linked disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Translation and cultural adaptation of a specific instrument for measuring asthma control and asthma status: the Asthma Control and Communication Instrument
Authors: Tavares Michelle Gonçalves de Souza , Brümmer Carolina Finardi , Nicolau Gabriela Valente , Melo Jr José Tavares de , Nazário Nazaré Otilia , Steidle Leila John Marques , Patino Cecília Maria , Pizzichini Marcia Margaret Menezes , Pizzichini Emílio
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate the Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (ACCI) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil. Methods: The ACCI was translated to Portuguese and adapted for use in Brazil in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines. The protocol included the following steps: permission and rights of use granted by the original author; translation of the ACCI from English to Portuguese; reconciliation; back-translation; review and harmonization of the back-translation; approval from the original author; review of the Portuguese version of the ACCI by an expert panel; cognitive debriefing (the clarity, understandability, and acceptability of the translated version being tested in a sample of the target population); and reconciliation and preparation of the final version. Results: During the cognitive debriefing process, 41 asthma patients meeting the inclusion criteria completed the ACCI and evaluated the clarity of the questions/statements. The clarity index for all ACCI items was > 0.9, meaning that all items were considered to be clear. Conclusions: The ACCI was successfully translated to Portuguese and culturally adapted for use in Brazil, the translated version maintaining the psychometric properties of the original version. The ACCI can be used in clinical practice because it is easy to understand and easily applied.
Usefulness of radiological signs of pulmonary congestion in predicting failed spontaneous breathing trials
Authors: Antonio Ana Carolina Peçanha , Teixeira Cassiano , Castro Priscylla Souza , Zanardo Ana Paula , Gazzana Marcelo Basso , Knorst Marli
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: Inspiratory fall in intrathoracic pressure during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) may precipitate cardiac dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema. We aimed to determine the relationship between radiological signs of pulmonary congestion prior to an SBT and weaning outcomes. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study involving patients in an adult medical-surgical ICU. All enrolled individuals met the eligibility criteria for liberation from mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomized subjects were excluded. The primary endpoint was SBT failure, defined as the inability to tolerate a T-piece trial for 30-120 min. An attending radiologist applied a radiological score on interpretation of digital chest X-rays performed before the SBT. Results: A total of 170 T-piece trials were carried out; SBT failure occurred in 28 trials (16.4%), and 133 subjects (78.3%) were extubated at first attempt. Radiological scores were similar between SBT-failure and SBT-success groups (median [interquartile range] = 3 [2-4] points vs. 3 [2-4] points; p = 0.15), which, according to the score criteria, represented interstitial lung congestion. The analysis of ROC curves demonstrated poor accuracy (area under the curve = 0.58) of chest x-rays findings of congestion prior to the SBT for discriminating between SBT failure and SBT success. No correlation was found between fluid balance in the 48 h preceding the SBT and radiological score results (ρ = −0.13). Conclusions: Radiological findings of pulmonary congestion should not delay SBT indication, given that they did not predict weaning failure in the medical-surgical critically ill population. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02022839 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])
Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of COPD: questions and answers
Authors: Fernandes Frederico Leon Arrabal , Cukier Alberto , Camelier Aquiles Assunção , Fritscher Carlos Cezar , Costa Cláudia Henrique da , Pereira Eanes Delgado Barros , Godoy Irma , Cançado José Eduardo Delfini , Romaldini José Gustavo , Chatkin Jose Miguel , Jardim José Roberto , Rabahi Marcelo Fouad , Nucci Maria Cecília Nieves Maiorano de , Sales Maria da Penha Uchoa , Castellano Maria Vera Cruz de Oliveira , Aidé Miguel Abidon , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann , Maciel Renato , Corrêa Ricardo de Amorim , Stirbulov Roberto , Athanazio Rodrigo Abensur , Russo Rodrigo , Minamoto Suzana Tanni , Lundgren Fernando Luiz Cavalcanti
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT The treatment of COPD has become increasingly effective. Measures that range from behavioral changes, reduction in exposure to risk factors, education about the disease and its course, rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, management of comorbidities, and surgical and pharmacological treatments to end-of-life care allow health professionals to provide a personalized and effective therapy. The pharmacological treatment of COPD is one of the cornerstones of COPD management, and there have been many advances in this area in recent years. Given the greater availability of drugs and therapeutic combinations, it has become increasingly challenging to know the indications for, limitations of, and potential risks and benefits of each treatment modality. In order to critically evaluate recent evidence and systematize the major questions regarding the pharmacological treatment of COPD, 24 specialists from all over Brazil gathered to develop the present recommendations. A visual guide was developed for the classification and treatment of COPD, both of which were adapted to fit the situation in Brazil. Ten questions were selected on the basis of their relevance in clinical practice. They address the classification, definitions, treatment, and evidence available for each drug or drug combination. Each question was answered by two specialists, and then the answers were consolidated in two phases: review and consensus by all participants. The questions answered are practical questions and help select from among the many options the best treatment for each patient and his/her peculiarities.
Evaluación la producción de TNF alfa por PBMCs estimulados con LPS tratados con péptidos v1
Authors: Johanna Toro Lily , Alberto Téllez Ramírez Germán , Carolina Henao Diana , Carlos Castaño Osorio Jhon
Published: September 2017

Evaluación de la capacidad de neutralización del efecto del Lipopolisacarido (LPS) de inducir la producción de Factor de Necrosis Tumoral (TNFalfa) en Células Mononucleares de Sangre Periférica (PBMCs)tratadas con peptidos cationicos.
Bead Beating RNA extraction from 25 mm filter v2
Authors: Smith Christa
Published: September 2017

This protocol is for extracting RNA from 25 mm filters and can be used with filters stored in RNAlater for preservation. This protocol has been tested with 0.22 μm pore size Durapore filters. Custom synthesized RNA transcript standards are added at the time of extraction and are recovered post-sequencing for quantitative metatranscriptome analysis (Satinsky et al., 2013).
Prevalence and pattern of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule in Aseer Central Hospital in KSA
Authors: Hudise Jibril Yahya , Alshehri Khalid Ali , Alqarni Saad Nasser , Assiri Yara , Asiri Ashwaq , Aljobran Bayan , Alshehri Atheer , Asiri Fatimah
Published: September 2017

Background: Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, especially in women. Non palpable nodules are often found when patients undergo diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonogra­phy and computed tomography of the chest and neck. This retrospective study to assess the Prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule related to gender, age, and pathology, in Aseer Central Hospital KSA.

Methods: During a 5-year period (2011–2016), the medical records of 319 patients with thyroid nodules were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, and the pathological result. All patients underwent hemi or total thyroidectomy. Comparisons between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software.  

Results: Over a period of 5 years, a total of 319 patients: male 17.2% and female 82.8% Underwent for hemi or total thyroidectomy. The age of presentation was ranging from 14 to 80 years. Among the 319 cases of thyroid nodules 73.7% were benign nodules and 26.3% malignant nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in 72.6%, follicular thyroid carcinoma 10.6%, Hurthle cell carcinoma 4.8%, anaplastic carcinoma 4.8%, thyroid lymphoma 4.8% and medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2.4%.

Conclusions: Thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem and the proportion of such nodules that prove to be malignant is not small, investigations are of immense help to corroborate with the clinical and morphological finding. Papillary thyroid carcinoma most common malignant thyroid carcinoma followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma, hurthel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and finally medullary thyroid Carcinoma. No significant different between male and female as risk factors for malignancy.
Udział ochotników z Wielkiej Brytanii w hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej
Authors: Jeziorny Dariusz
Published: September 2017

Pisząc o ochotnikach biorących udział w walkach na frontach wojny domowej w Hiszpanii, konieczne jest zastrzeżenie, że chodziło tylko o osoby pochodzące z Wysp Brytyjskich, a nie z innych części Imperium. Historycy doliczyli się 2400–2500 kombatantów z Wielkiej Brytanii, z czego tylko niewiele ponad 30 służyło po stronie rebeliantów. Oznacza to, że zdecydowana większość brała udział w walkach w ramach formacji prorządowych, szczególnie Brygad Międzynarodowych. Tekst porusza kwestie sposobu dotarcia do Hiszpanii, motywacji wyruszenia do walki, tworzonych oddziałów i ich udziale w zmaganiach zbrojnych, składu społecznego rekrutów, najważniejszych pełnionych w Hiszpanii funkcji, traktowaniu ich przez władze Frontu Ludowego, wreszcie powojennych losów kombatantów. Zasadna będzie również odpowiedź na pytanie o znaczenie udziału Brytyjczyków w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii.
„Bojownicy wolności” i „poszukiwacze przygód” – Niemcy w hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej (1936–1939)
Authors: Jedynakiewicz-Mróz Katarzyna
Published: September 2017

Artykuł prezentuje genezę, formy i implikacje zaangażowania osób narodowości niemieckiej w wojnę domową Hiszpanii. Wspomniane zagadnienie ukazane zostało przez pryzmat aktywności dwóch grup Niemców – sympatyków generała Franco (Legion Condor, korespondenci z Rzeszy) oraz zwolenników rządu Frontu Ludowego (antynazistowscy emigranci z Niemiec). Działalność każdej z tych grup została przeanalizowana pod kątem następujących kwestii badawczych: motywy udziału w hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej, formy i specyfika zaangażowania (ochotnicy), charakter relacji ze zwykłymi mieszkańcami Hiszpanii oraz reprezentantami władzy (w przypadku nazistów – z nacjonalistami, w przypadku antynazistów – z republikanami). W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono bilans niemieckiego zaangażowania w hiszpańską wojnę domową oraz losy niemieckich uczestników konfliktu po jej zakończeniu.
Włosi w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (1936–1939)
Authors: Juliá Xavier Moreno
Published: September 2017

Osiemdziesiąt lat po rozpoczęciu wojny domowej w Hiszpanii (1936) nie można zapomnieć o zaangażowaniu w niej Włochów, ponieważ stanowili oni najważniejszy zagraniczny kontyngent kombatantów (tak liczny jak Marokańczycy). W studium przeanalizowano kilka elementów w celu zrozumienia wagi uczestnictwa Włochów w tym konflikcie. Po pierwsze, co historiografia mówi o tej kwestii. Po drugie, wielkość interwencji po stronie generała Franco (ludzie, dezercje, szczególnie Dywizja Littorio, straty, wysłany materiał wojskowy, działania sanitarne i hiszpański dług), a z drugiej strony – w obozie Frontu Ludowego (Batalion Włoski przekształcony w Batalion „Giuseppe Garibaldi”, a ostatecznie w Dywizję jego imienia). Po trzecie, uczestnictwo w walkach: z jednej strony zmagania po stronie Franco (70–80 tys. osób walczyło w ramach bardzo skomplikowanych i zmieniających się struktur wojskowych) i z drugiej – po stronie republikańskiej (3400 osób w Brygadach Międzynarodowych). Wspomniano najważniejsze operacje wojskowe wojny, w których brali udział Włosi.
Zarys dziejów encyklopedii dla dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce do 1989 roku
Authors: Wandel Agnieszka
Published: September 2017

Celem tego artykułu jest zarysowanie historii edycji i kolejnych etapów w kształtowaniu się obecnej formy edytorskiej encyklopedii dla dzieci i młodzieży począwszy od 1. połowy XVIII wieku, a skończywszy na 1989 roku.
To Read or Not To Read: Listening to Children Talk about Reading Motivation
Authors: Salvador Ana Maria Margarita S.
Published: September 2017

Developing the will to read is an important, albeit sometimes neglected consideration in fostering literacy among children. Drawing from research on reading motivation by Wigfield and Guthrie (1997), who talk about reading motivation as anchored upon self efficacy beliefs, purpose, and a social component, Rosenblatt’s (1994) Transactional Theory of Reading which highlights the stances one takes while reading, Krashen’s (2004 and 2009) research on the conditions that make Free Voluntary Reading optimal, and Miller’s (2011) research on materiality and how objects have an agency that could either build or cripple the capacities of students influences this study as it examines the factors that contribute to reading motivation among middle graders. In order to answer my main research questions, I engaged eight students from grades 3 to 6 in informal interviews (pakikipagkuwentuhan) about reading. These students came from either public, private or state-funded laboratory schools. Depending on the flow of each conversation, the questions asked the students varied at times. Results indicate that both human and symbolic mediators work together to Foster reading motivation among middle graders. These different mediators of reading motivation are the focus of this research. Implications for reading instruction may be gleaned from this study.
Organizacja przestrzenna gruntów w województwie wielkopolskim a możliwości wykorzystania środków UE na jej poprawę na przykładzie wsi Brudzewek
Authors: Kacprzak Ewa , Głębocki Benicjusz
Published: September 2017

W Polsce systematycznej poprawie struktury obszarowej gospodarstw, towarzyszy coraz intensywniejsza fragmentacja gruntów. Skutecznym sposobem ograniczania szachownicy gruntów są scalenia. Tego typu prace były wspierane przez PROW 2007–2013 (Działanie 125. Poprawianie i rozwijanie infrastruktury związanej z rozwojem i dostosowaniem rolnictwa i leśnictwa). W artykule dokonano próby oceny wpływu środków unijnych na organizację przestrzenną gruntów we wsi Brudzewek, położonej w gminie Chocz (powiat pleszewski w województwie wielkopolskim). Analizie poddano również proces rozwoju szachownicy gruntów w województwie wielkopolskim.
Ludzkie „Ja” w filozofii Emmanuela Levinasa i w Schizofrenii Antoniego Kępińskiego
Authors: Jędraszewski Marek
Published: September 2017

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Rola sumienia w przeciwdziałaniu zjawisku decouplingu
Authors: Kapias Michał , Polok Grzegorz
Published: September 2017

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Stosunek do własności w Polsce po 1989 roku w świetle filozofii politycznej liberalizmu
Authors: Szczepaniak Karolina
Published: September 2017

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Działalność w sieci franchisingowej a rozwój przedsiębiorczości w dobie globalizacji
Authors: Keskin Milena
Published: September 2017

Dzisiejsze społeczeństwo charakteryzuje się wysokim stopniem przedsiębiorczości, a rządy propagują postawy przedsiębiorcze i zachęcają obywateli do otwierania własnych działalności. W zglobalizowanym i wysoce konkurencyjnym świecie pojedynczy przedsiębiorca napotyka jednak wiele trudności w otwieraniu i prowadzeniu własnego biznesu. Franchising jest dobrym rozwiązaniem ułatwiającym prowadzenie działalności, co pozytywnie wpływa na rozwój przedsiębiorczości.
Investigaciones sobre gráficos estadísticos en Educación Primaria: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Díaz Levicoy Danilo , Batanero Carmen , Arteaga Pedro
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se presentan resultados de una revisión de la literatura sobre los gráficos estadísticos con estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se resumen investigaciones relacionadas a la lectura y construcción de estas representaciones, estableciendo similitudes entre los estudios. Esto nos permite generar marco de referencias para futuros estudios sobre esta temática, evidenciando las dificultades de los estudiantes frente a la lectura y los errores asociados a la construcción de diferentes gráficos.
Red palm weevil incidence: Spatial pattern and implications in technology adoption
Authors: K.P. Chandran P. Anithakumari, K. Muralidharan
Published: September 2017

Red palm weevil (RPW) is one of the major fatal pests of coconut. Conventional extension approaches need to be refined for
achieving the desired outcome on adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against RPW, especially among small
and marginal farming communities. The pattern of incidence, severity of infestation and age of palms are the factors motivating
farmers for adoption of IPM practices. Taking these into account, a technology delivery approach for RPW management was
evolved and implemented in the entire geographical extent of 520 ha area of Edava grama panchayat in Thiruvananthapuram
district of Kerala state, India. This approach involves farmer participatory surveillance and monitoring with technical facilitation
from research institutions which is a paradigm shift to community based area wide management strategies. Besides holdings’
profile, number of RPW infested/lost palms and GPS (i.e., latlong) coordinates of infested palms were recorded. The spatial
distribution pattern was analyzed using Indices of Dispersion (ID), Patchiness (IP) Cluster Frequency (ICF) and Mean Crowding
(IMC) at different cluster levels (i.e., holdings, administrative segments and grids). ESRI GIS software was used to depict geospatial
patterns of RPW infestation. Among 5410 coconut holdings, 18.7 per cent were having RPW infested palms. The pest incidence
in juvenile palms was significantly higher compared to adult palms. The distribution pattern of infested palms was observed to be
aggregated. Knowledge level of farmers regarding aspects of pest and management was below 10 per cent. The proposed
methodology of participatory data documentation resulted in rapid and reliable collection of data from large area with an additional
benefit of experiential learning for farmers in the locality.
Caractérisation d’Escherichia coli résistant aux antibiotiques dans différents systèmes avicoles de la province de l’Est et de la ville de Kigali au Rwanda
Authors: Manishimwe Rosine , Buhire Martin , Uyisunze Alexie , Turikumwenayo Jean Bosco , Tukei Michael
Published: September 2017

La résistance aux antibiotiques est devenue une préoccupa­tion de santé publique mondiale car un grand nombre de bactéries résistantes émergent continuellement. Les animaux ont été signalés comme l’une des sources de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques qui peuvent être transférées aux humains. Afin d’enrichir les données sur la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les animaux au Rwanda, une étude transversale a été menée dans la province de l’Est et dans la ville de Kigali pour isoler Escherichia coli présent dans des élevages de volailles en plein air et dans des élevages commerciaux. Des échan­tillons de matières fécales ont été prélevés dans 294 fermes avicoles et des souches d’E. coli ont été isolées et identifiées. Au total, 241 isolats d’E. coli ont été soumis à un test de sen­sibilité aux antibiotiques en utilisant cinq antibiotiques (gen­tamicine, streptomycine, rifampicine, doxycycline et érythro­mycine). L’utilisation d’antibiotiques chez les volailles était faible dans les élevages de volaille en plein air (30,9 %) com­parativement aux élevages de poules pondeuses et de pou­lets de chair (100 %). Parmi les 151 éleveurs qui ont déclaré utiliser des antibiotiques chez les volailles, près de la moitié (49,7 %) ont toujours utilisé des antibiotiques sur ordonnance vétérinaire. Sur les 241 isolats d’E. coli, 43,2 % présentaient une résistance multiple à quatre des cinq antibiotiques testés. Presque tous les isolats (98,8 %) étaient résistants à l’érythro­mycine, 78,8 % étaient résistants à la streptomycine, 77,6 % étaient résistants à la doxycycline, 69,3 % étaient résistants à la rifampicine et quelques-uns seulement étaient résistants à la gentamicine (3,7 %). Aucune différence significative statis­tiquement n’a été observée en ce qui concerne la résistance des isolats aux antibiotiques selon le type de système d’éle­vage. Toutefois, la résistance des isolats à la doxycycline a été significativement plus élevée dans les fermes où l’utilisa­tion d’antibiotiques a été signalée (84 %) que dans les fermes où l’utilisation d’antibiotiques n’a pas été signalée (70 %). La résistance aux antibiotiques d’E. coli observée montre l’exis­tence d’une source potentielle de résistance qui peut être transférée aux bactéries pathogènes et avoir un impact sur les humains et les animaux.
Amélioration de la survie des poussins et des performances zootechniques de la poule locale en condition villageoise au Sénégal
Authors: Nahimana Grégoire , Missohou Ayao , Ayssiwede Simplice Bosco , Cissé Paly , Butore Joseph , Touré Alioune
Published: September 2017

Dans le but d’améliorer la productivité de l’élevage de la volaille familiale, une enquête longitudinale d’une année a été réalisée dans 45 exploitations avicoles du département de Salémata (Sénégal) pour évaluer deux modes de conduite du couple mère-poussins. A l’éclosion, les poules appartenant au traitement A (PTA) ont été partiellement élevées en claustration (sortie de la poule de la poussinière après deux semaines alors que les poussins y ont été gardés jusqu’à quatre semaines d’âge). En revanche, les poules appartenant au traitement B (PTB) ont été élevées en divagation. Les résultats ont montré que les performances zootechniques des PTA ont été améliorées. La durée du cycle de reproduction est passée de 113,5 à 62,2 jours. Par conséquent, le nombre de cycles de reproduction est passé de 3,4 à 5,6 par an et la production annuelle des œufs de 35,3 à 57,6. Le retour rapide en ponte des PTA n’a pas affecté le nombre d’œufs pondus par couvée (10,3 contre 10,2) et le taux d’éclosion (82,4 % contre 79,5 %). La croissance pondérale des poussins des deux types de poules a été influencée par le type d’élevage, le génotype et le sexe. Le poids des poussins métis a été supérieur à celui des poussins locaux, sauf à l’éclosion. Après le premier mois, le poids des poussins mâles (métis ou locaux) a toujours été supérieur à celui des femelles. Le gain moyen quotidien des poussins des PTA a toujours été supérieur à celui des poussins des PTB et a été plus élevé entre la 13e et la 24e semaine d’âge. La viabilité des poussins a été améliorée de 41,2 % et les causes des mortalités les plus fréquentes ont été les prédateurs (rapaces, chats). Il ressort de cette étude que l’élevage en semi-claustration du couple mère/poussins est celui qui en optimise la productivité.
A Cascade Prediction Model of CO/CO2in the Sintering Process
Authors: Xu Ben ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences Hubei key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan 430074, China, Chen Xin , Wu Min , Cao Weihua
Published: September 2017

Sintering is an important production process in iron and steel metallurgy. Carbon fuel consumption accounts for about 80% of the total energy consumption in the sintering process. To enhance the efficiency of carbon fuel consumption, we need to determine the factors affecting carbon efficiency and build a model of it. In this paper, the CO/CO2is taken to be a measure of carbon efficiency, and a cascade predictive model is built to predict it. This model has two parts: the key state parameter submodel and the CO/CO2submodel. The submodels are built using particle swarm optimization-based back propagation neural networks (PSO-BPNNs). Based on the mechanism analysis, spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) and stepwise regression analysis (SRA) are used to determine the relationship between the process parameters, in order to determine the inputs of each submodel. Finally, the results of a simulation show the feasibility of the cascade model, which will serve as the basic model for the optimization and control of the carbon efficiency of the sintering process.
Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Qin Qin , Vychodil Josef ,   School of Computer, Henan University of Engineering Henan, Zhengzhou 451191, China,   Department of Radio Electronics, Brno University of Technology Technicka 3082/12,616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a new multi-feature detection method of local pedestrian based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which provides a reliable basis for multi-feature fusion in pedestrian detection. According to the standard of pedestrian detection ratio, the pedestrian under the detection window would be segmented, using the sample labels to guide the local characteristics of CNN learning, the supervised learning after the network can obtain the local feature fusion more pedestrian description ability. Finally, a large number of experiments have been performed. The experimental results show that the local features of the neural network are better than those of most pedestrian features and combination features.
Kesepadanan Terjemahan Polisemi: Penelitian Analisis Konten pada Terjemahan Surat al-Baqarah Kementerian Agama
Authors: Alnizar Fariz
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kesepadanan penerjemahan polisemi  dari bahasa Arab ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada surat al-Baqarah terjemahan Kementerian Agama RI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif  dan analisis isi. Data primer berupa hasil terjemahan surat al-Baqarah, khususnya terjemahan ayat-ayat yang mengadung polisemi. Data sekunder berasal dari kitab-kitab tafsir seperti Tafsir Jami al-Bayan, Tafsir al-Fahru al-Razi, Tafsir al-Ruh al-Ma‘ani dan juga Tafsir al-Maraghi. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan; (1) 12 kata polisemi dalam surat al-Baqa>rah yang terdiri dari fi‘il (verba), isim (nomina) dan juga huruf (partikel). (2) terdapat empat prosedur yang digunakan oleh tim penerjemahan Alquran Kementerian Agama dalam menerjemahkan poliseme, yakni meliputi trasnposisi, modulasi, pengurangan dan penambahan. (3) hasil terjemahan polisme dalam surat al-Baqarah versi Kementerian Agama tergolong ke dalam terjemahan yang sepadan. Namun permasalahan terdapat pada kecenderungan penerjemah yang sering memilih makna referensial padahal konteks ayat merujuk kepada makna sekunder (konotatif).
Enhanced Oil Recovery in Liquid–Rich Shale Reservoirs: Laboratory to Field
Authors: Alharthy Najeeb , Teklu Tadesse , Kazemi Hossein , Graves Ramona , Hawthorne Steven , Braunberger Jason , Kurtoglu Basak
Published: September 2017

Production of tight oil from shale reservoirs in North America reduces oil imports and has better economics than natural gas. Currently, there is a strong interest in oil production from Bakken, Eagle Ford, Niobrara, and other tight formations. However, oil-recovery fraction for Bakken remains low, which is approximately 4–6% of the oil in place. Even with this low oil-recovery fraction, a recent United States Geological Survey study stated that the Bakken and Three Forks recoverable reserves are estimated to be 7.4 billion bbl; thus, a large volume of oil will remain unrecovered, which was the motivation to investigate the feasibility of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in liquid-rich shale reservoirs such as Bakken.

In this paper, we will present both laboratory and numerical modeling of EOR in Bakken cores by use of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane/ethane-solvent mixture (C1/C2), and nitrogen (N2). The laboratory experiments were conducted at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC). The experiments recovered 90+% oil from several Middle Bakken cores and nearly 40% from Lower Bakken cores. To decipher the oil-recovery mechanisms in the experiments, a numerical compositional model was constructed to match laboratory-oil-recovery results. We concluded that solvent injection mobilizes matrix oil by miscible mixing and solvent extraction in a narrow region near the fracture/matrix interface, thus promoting countercurrent flow of oil from the matrix instead of oil displacement through the matrix. Specifically, compositional-modeling results indicate that the main oil-recovery mechanism is miscible oil extraction at the matrix/fracture interface region. However, the controlling factors include repressurization, oil swelling, viscosity and interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction, diffusion/advection mass transfer, and wettability alteration.

We scaled up laboratory results to field applications by means of a compositional numerical model. For field applications, we resorted to the huff ’n’ puff protocol to assess the EOR potential for a North Dakota Middle Bakken well. We concluded that long soak times yield only a small amount of additional oil compared with short soak times, and reinjecting wet gas, composed of C1, C2, C3, and C4+, produces nearly as much oil as CO2 injection.
Editorial
Authors: Bernal Angélica
Published: September 2017

Razón Crítica es una publicación periódica de carácter académico de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano que busca difundir resultados de investigación en el campo de las ciencias sociales. En esta ocasión presenta su tercer número, el cual, además de avanzar en su objetivo central de ofrecer contenido de alta calidad, busca alcanzar alta visibilidad y tener impacto en el debate académico acerca de problemas sociales actuales, en el ámbito nacional e internacional.
Monitoreo de la degradación forestal en México con base en el inventario nacional forestal y de suelos (Infys)
Authors: Leyva Ovalle Ángel , Valdez-Lazalde José René , De los Santos-Posadas Héctor Manuel , Martínez-Trinidad Tomás , Herrera Corredor José Andrés , Lugo Espinosa Oziel , García Nava José Rodolfo
Published: September 2017

Existen muchas definiciones de degradación forestal. Sin embargo, la mayoría no son operativas dado que no proponen variables para medirla. Su medición es compleja; evaluarla implica comparar el estatus del bosque en un momento dado con un estado previo (condición de referencia o línea base). El reto del seguimiento (monitoreo) de la degradación inicia con su definición y con la identificación de la línea base. En este trabajo se propone un índice general de degradación (IGD) para evaluar la degradación forestal que ocurre en México en el periodo que transcurre entre mediciones del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (Infys). El IGD está compuesto de indicadores que toman como insumo la base de datos del Infys. Paralelamente, el estudio pretende construir una línea base que permita dar seguimiento a la degradación forestal en años futuros. Los resultados a escala de entidad federativa indican que los estados de Puebla, Veracruz, Morelos y Colima no muestran evidencia global de procesos de degradación en el periodo evaluado. Contrariamente, Querétaro, Tamaulipas y el D.F. (Ciudad de México) registran cierto proceso de degradación. El valor del IGD ponderado a escala nacional indica que, en general, para los periodos evaluados de cinco años (e.g. 2004-2009, 2005-2010, etc.) los ecosistemas del país no registran procesos considerables de degradación, es decir, el valor obtenido del IGD es igual al valor de referencia. Sin embargo, a escala local es posible identificar áreas severamente degradadas o incluso deforestadas.
Моделирование методом сильной связи кремниевых и германиевых нанокристаллов О б з о р
Authors: Герт А.В. , Нестоклон М.О. , Прокофьев А.А. , Яссиевич И.Н.
Published: September 2017

Обзор посвящен моделированию нанокристаллов Si и Ge методом сильной связи. Сначала приведeн краткий обзор методов моделирования и результатов, полученных для кремниевых и германиевых нанокристаллов. Затем подробно описан метод моделирования сильной связью в варианте с учeтом орбиталей s,p,d,s* и представлены результаты, полученные на его основе для нанокристаллов кремния и германия. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.10.45009.8605
Эффекты локального фотовозбуждения носителей заряда высокой плотности в кремнии
Authors: Мусаев А.М.
Published: September 2017

Экспериментально исследованы явления при локальном импульсном фотовозбуждении собственных, неравновесных носителей заряда высокой концентрации в кремнии. Обнаружен эффект существенного роста времени жизни фотовозбужденных носителей заряда. Показано, что эффект существенного роста времени жизни носителей обусловлен изменением степени вырождения и смещением примесного рекомбинационного уровня к уровню Ферми, вызванных локальной термоупругой деформацией кристалла и соответствующим распределением концентрации неравновесных носителей заряда. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.10.45010.8520
Двухчастотный GaAs/InGaP лазерный диод с квантовой ямой GaAsSb
Authors: Дикарева Н.В. , Звонков Б.Н. , Вихрова О.В. , Некоркин С.М. , Алешкин В.Я. , Дубинов А.А.
Published: September 2017

Представлены результаты исследования GaAsSb/GaAs/InGaP лазерной структуры, выращенной методом МОС-гидридной эпитаксии. Получена устойчивая двухполосная генерация, обусловленная прямыми и непрямыми в пространстве оптическими переходами. Наблюдение суммарной частоты продемонстрировало эффективное внутрирезонаторное смешение мод в полупроводниковых лазерах такого типа. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.10.45022.8580
Твердые растворы (FeIn-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-·-0.8pt(AgIn-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-8-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-: кристаллическая структура, ядерные гамма-резонансные спектры и ширина запрещенной зоны
Authors: Боднарь И.В. , Баругу Т.Г. , Касюк Ю.В. , Федотова Ю.А.
Published: September 2017

Методом Бриджмена выращены монокристаллы твердых растворов (FeIn2S4)x·-0.8pt(AgIn5S8)1-x во всем диапазоне концентраций. Установлено, что выращенные монокристаллы кристаллизуются в кубической структуре шпинели. Методом ядерной гамма-резонансной спектроскопии изучены локальные конфигурации ионов железа в структуре твердых растворов (FeIn2S4)x·-0.8pt(AgIn5S8)1-x. По спектрам пропускания в области края собственного поглощения определена ширина запрещенной зоны (Eg) указанных твердых растворов и построена ее концентрационная зависимость. Показано, что Eg c x изменяется нелинейно. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.10.45026.8514
Энергия растворения водорода в ГЦК-гидридах неупорядоченных сплавов Ti-V-Cr по данным теории функционала плотности
Authors: Баврина О.О. , Шеляпина М.Г.
Published: September 2017

Сплавы Ti-V-Cr являются материалами для хранения водорода, однако их характеристики, важные для практических применений, сильно зависят от состава. Поиск оптимальной композиции с заданными характеристиками требует выполнения теоретических расчетов электронной структуры сплавов и их гидридов. В данной работе в рамках теории функционала плотности с использованием метода псевдопотенциала проведены расчеты энергии междоузлий и энергии растворения водорода в гидриде тройного неупорядоченного сплава Ti0.33V0.27Cr0.4H1.75 с гранецентрированной кубической решеткой. Показано отклонение распределения энергии растворения от гауссова. На основе данных, полученных для конкретного гидрида, построены распределения энергии растворения водорода в ряде гидридов сплавов (Ti0.8Cr)1-xVx с x=0.9,0.8,0.7 и 0.6. Обнаружена корреляция между теоретически рассчитанной шириной распределения энергии растворения водорода и экспериментальным углом наклона "плато" давления. Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект N 16-32-00267). Все вычисления были выполнены в Ресурсном центре "Компьютерный центр СПбГУ" (http://cc.spbu.ru/en). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.10.44952.035
Влияние валентного состояния ионов Ce на фазовую стабильность и механические свойства кристаллов твердых растворов на основе ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Борик М.А. , Бублик В.Т. , Еремина Р.М. , Кулебякин А.В. , Ломонова Е.Е. , Милович Ф.О. , Мызина В.А. , Осико В.В. , Табачкова Н.Ю. , Фазлижанов И.И. , Шустов В.А. , Яцык И.В.
Published: September 2017

Проведено исследование структуры и механических свойств кристаллов твердых растворов диоксида циркония, стабилизированных оксидами иттрия и церия. Для идентификации ионов Ce3+ и их относительного количества в кристаллах использовали метод электронного парамагнитного резонанса. Показано, что основным фактором, определяющим высокое значение трещиностойкости кристаллов, является присутствие в них ионов Сe3+. Проведенные в работе отжиги, приводящие к уменьшению концентрации ионов Ce3+ подтверждают, что при изменении валентного состояния ионов церия значения трещиностойкости кристаллов уменьшаются. Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ N 16-02-00742 А, и N 15-38-70053 мол\_а\_мос. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.10.44958.101