bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social support among individuals with bipolar disorder during euthymic phase: A systematic review
Authors: Studart‐Bottó Paula , Léda‐Rêgo Gabriela , Abbade Pedro , Bandeira Igor D. , Miranda‐Scippa Ângela
Published: November 2022

Introduction

In spite of the recent increase in scientific publications showing an expressive interest in studies about social support, there are still scarce publications regarding this thematic and bipolar disorder, mostly when evaluating the individuals in the state of euthymia. Euthymia referred a state that a bipolar patient does not have signs/symptoms of (hipo)mania or depression, thus assessing individuals in this state may reduce response bias.

Objective

The objective of this study is to identify the impact of social support on bipolar disorder in patients in the euthymic phase.

Methods

A systematic search of observational studies on PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed from February 2021 to August 2022.

Results

In total, seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. According to three studies, bipolar disorder patients had lower social support than healthy controls. Contrastingly, one study showed bipolar patients did not have different social support compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions

Even though few papers with low or middle risk of bias were included in this review, we found that not only does social support could act as a protective factor for bipolar patients but also that clinical manifestations of the disorder seem to affect social support. This systematic review suggests the narrowed evidence field with different measures and type of evaluation from studies on social support and bipolar disorder, which highlights the need for further investigations on this theme.
Production of Benzene by the Hydrodemethylation of Toluene with Carbon‐Supported Potassium Hydride
Authors: Chang Fei , Fedorov Alexey
Published: November 2022

The hydrodemethylation (HDM) of toluene to benzene is an industrial process performed at elevated temperatures (≈500 °C and higher). Here, it was reported that heating graphite‐supported potassium hydride (KH/C) with toluene under H2 atmosphere provided benzene already at 125–250 °C. Depending on the H2 pressure, the reaction was either substoichiometric ( ≤11 bar) or catalytic ( ≥50 bar) with respect to KH, indicating that KH may serve as a radical chain initiator. At 250 °C, the selectivity to benzene was 98 and 63 % when using 6 and 80 bar of H2, respectively, owing to the competing formation of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane at high H2 pressure. The used KH/C material was amenable to recycling without a notable loss in the yield of benzene.
Online platforms' framing around vaping
Authors: Kumar Navin , Chen Keyu , Shi Yiwen , Altice Frederick L.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we provide a descriptive overview of how vaping is framed differently between various online platforms (Wikipedia, Quora, Medium, Reddit, Stack Exchange, wikiHow, Facebook, and online news media). We provide an overview of >1 million posts and news articles about vaping to study the differences in framing between online platforms. Findings indicate an inconsistent framing around vaping across platforms. Stakeholders may utilize our findings to intervene around the framing of vaping and may design communications campaigns that improve the way society sees vaping, possibly aiding smoking cessation and reducing youth vaping.
Reward mediates the association between engagement in noneating activities and state body dissatisfaction: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Srivastava Paakhi , Felonis Christina R. , Piers Amani D. , Nunez Nicole , Fitzpatrick Brighid , Juarascio Adrienne , Manasse Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Objective

Momentary worsening (i.e., greater than one's average levels) of state body dissatisfaction (BD) has been implicated as a proximal risk factor for eating disorder (ED) behaviors in binge‐spectrum EDs. Yet, research exploring the prospective association between noneating activities in daily life (e.g., chores, self‐care/coping) and momentary state BD remains limited. Understanding the momentary link between engagement in noneating activities and state BD, and pathways through which engagement in said activities influences momentary state BD is critical to informing treatments. The current ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study examined whether (1) engagement in noneating activities at Time 1 prospectively predicted momentary state BD at Time 2 and (2) reward drawn from noneating activities at Time 1 mediates the prospective association between engagement in noneating activities at Time 1 and momentary state BD at Time 2.

Method

Sixty‐six adults with transdiagnostic binge eating completed an EMA protocol over 7–14 days. Participants received six EMA signals per day (total EMA observations = 4038). Multilevel modeling was used to examine the research questions.

Results

Engagement in an indoor hobby, outdoor recreation, socializing, and self‐care/coping strategies prospectively predicted momentary state BD improvements, while using TV/social media and cooking prospectively predicted momentary state BD worsening. Reward drawn from engagement in these noneating activities mediated the associations.

Discussion

If replicated, these findings suggest that increasing the frequency of certain noneating activities and enhancing their rewarding aspects to improve state BD and decrease ED behavior risk during treatment may be worthy of further exploration.

Public Significance

Momentary worsening of state body dissatisfaction (BD) is a risk factor for eating disorder behaviors in individuals with binge eating. This study found that engaging in certain noneating activities (e.g., socializing) prospectively predicted momentary improvements in state BD, while other noneating activities (e.g., cooking) predicted momentary worsening of state BD. Reward drawn from activities mediated these relations. To improve state BD, treatments should target the frequency of, and reward obtained from these noneating activities.
Adolescent eating disorder treatment outcomes of an in‐person partial hospital program versus a virtual intensive outpatient program
Authors: Van Huysse Jessica L. , Prohaska Natalie , Miller Catherine , Jary Jessica , Sturza Julie , Etsell Katharine , Bravender Terrill
Published: November 2022

Objective

Though virtual outpatient psychotherapy for eating disorders is likely effective, less is known about virtual higher levels of care. The current study examined the clinical outcomes of a family‐based virtual intensive outpatient program (vIOP) for youth with eating disorders which was developed in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, compared to the same institution's in‐person partial hospital program (PHP).

Methods

Treatment outcomes were assessed via chart review in 102 patients between the ages of 9–23 (M = 15.2, SD = 2.5) who were predominantly cisgender female (84.3%) and primarily diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (64.7%) or atypical anorexia (23.5%). Participants were either treated in the in‐person PHP before the pandemic (n = 49) or the vIOP during the pandemic (n = 53). Percent expected body weight (%EBW) was examined at baseline, end of treatment, 3‐months post‐treatment, and 6‐months post‐treatment, as well as the frequency of medical, psychiatric, and residential admissions before, during, and after vIOP or PHP participation.

Results

Linear mixed models demonstrated no effect of treatment modality (in‐person versus virtual) on %EBW over time. The duration of the vIOP was, on average, 12 calendar days longer, though the amount billed for the vIOP was lower. Survival analyses and Cox regression models did not suggest differences in the frequency of hospital and residential treatment admissions during treatment (vIOP: 9.4%, PHP: 10.0%) or post‐treatment (vIOP: 15.0%, PHP: 10.2%).

Discussion

Findings support virtual family‐based programs as suitable alternatives to in‐person treatment and underscore the potential cost‐effectiveness of a family‐based IOP versus PHP.

Public Significance

This study demonstrates that a virtual, family‐based, intensive outpatient program for youth with eating disorders had similar treatment outcomes to an in‐person partial hospitalization program. Specifically, the virtual and in‐person programs had similar weight restoration outcomes and rates of medical, psychiatric, or residential treatment admissions during or after treatment initiation. Findings support the use of virtual treatment, even for youth requiring a high level of intervention.
Anion‐π Interaction for Molecular Recognition of Anions: Focus on Cooperativity with Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Plais Romain , Clavier Gilles , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Gaucher Anne , Prim Damien
Published: November 2022

Anion recognition represents an active area of research in supramolecular chemistry. The last two decades have been marked by spectacular advances in the design of new anion receptors. Moreover, the development of approaches combining experimental and theoretical studies has proved to be particularly relevant, allowing for a better understanding and rationalization of the phenomena involved in anion complexation processes. In this context, the combination of weak interactions within the same receptor and their synergistic effects, called cooperativity, has attracted increasing interest within the scientific community. This Review focuses on the combination of anion‐π and hydrogen bonds and the emerging concept of cooperativity. The most relevant anion‐π donor families are presented. The concept of cooperativity is illustrated using the most recent examples present in current literature.
Implementing supported decision making in clinical research
Authors: Wendler David , Kim Scott Y. H.
Published: November 2022

Key points

Current practice relies on surrogates to make research decisions for adults who have cognitive or intellectual disabilities.

A number of commentators argue that this practice should be replaced with ‘supported’ decision‐making.

The present manuscript considers three way to implement supported decision‐making in the context of clinical research.

We argue that using supported decision‐making to enhance authenticity has the greatest potential to respect and protect adults who have cognitive and intellectual disabilities.
Externalities in global value chains: Firm solutions for regulation challenges
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Liesch Peter W.
Published: November 2022

Research summary

Negative externalities in global value chains (GVCs) create challenges for regulation. We establish conditions under which firms are more likely to adapt their GVCs to rectify negative externalities that occur at global scale. Firms in GVCs vary in relation to their active involvement in attending to negative externalities in a predictable way, according to their awareness (A) of these externalities, motivation (M) to address them, and the capability (C) to do so. Firms in GVCs can self‐correct imperfections by strategy changes, or new firms can be recruited into the GVC with the awareness, motivation, and the capability to attend to negative externalities. National governments may find these externalities to be a significant policy challenge, particularly when they extend across national jurisdictions.

Managerial summary

Private mechanisms, through firm strategy or new entrants into an industry, can address negative externalities created in GVCs. The agency of GVC members is crucial in self‐correction via awareness, driven by GVC integration; motivation to act, driven by GVC accountability; and the capability to implement the necessary changes, driven by GVC leadership. GVCs with more exchanges of knowledge and information among members will be more aware of the costs they generate on third parties. GVCs with members who are more involved with stakeholders and who prioritize CSR will have greater motivation to attend to their externalities, and larger GVCs that span national borders, dominated by a strong member, may be more capable of having greater influence on the externalities the GVC creates.
Factors associated with interval colorectal cancer after negative FIT: Results of two screening rounds in the Dutch FIT‐based CRC screening program
Authors: Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , Toes‐Zoutendijk Esther , van de Schootbrugge‐Vandermeer Hilliene J. , de Jonge Lucie , Kooyker Arthur I. , Spaander Manon C. W. , van Vuuren Anneke J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Ramakers Christian , Dekker Evelien , Nagtegaal Iris D. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris
Published: November 2022

The interval colorectal cancer (CRC) rate after negative fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an important quality indicator of CRC screening programs. We analyzed the outcomes of two rounds of the FIT‐based CRC screening program in the Netherlands, using data from individuals who participated in FIT‐screening from 2014 to 2017. Data of individuals with one prior negative FIT (first round) or two prior negative FITs (first and second round) were included. Outcomes included the incidence of interval CRC in FIT‐negative participants (<47 μg Hb/g feces [μg/g]), FIT‐sensitivity, and the probability of detecting an interval CRC by fecal hemoglobin concentration (f‐Hb). FIT‐sensitivity was estimated using the detection method and the proportional incidence method (based on expected CRC incidence). Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate whether f‐Hb affects probability of detecting interval CRC, adjusted for sex‐ and age‐differences. Incidence of interval CRC was 10.4 per 10 000 participants after the first and 9.6 after the second screening round. FIT‐sensitivity based on the detection method was 84.4% (95%CI 83.8‐85.0) in the first and 73.5% (95% CI 71.8‐75.2) in the second screening round. The proportional incidence method resulted in a FIT‐sensitivity of 76.4% (95%CI 73.3‐79.6) in the first and 79.1% (95%CI 73.7‐85.3) in the second screening round. After one negative FIT, participants with f‐Hb just below the cut‐off (>40‐46.9 μg/g) had a higher probability of detecting an interval CRC (OR 16.9; 95%CI: 14.0‐20.4) than had participants with unmeasurable f‐Hb (0‐2.6 μg/g). After two screening rounds, the odds ratio for interval CRC was 12.0 (95%CI: 7.8‐17.6) for participants with f‐Hb just below the cut‐off compared with participants with unmeasurable f‐Hb. After both screening rounds, the Dutch CRC screening program had a low incidence of interval CRC and an associated high FIT‐sensitivity. Our findings suggest there is a potential for further optimizing CRC screening programs with the use of risk‐stratified CRC screening based on prior f‐Hb.
Structural expression of bovine milk and meat factors in tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Nikitina Ekaterina , Alikhanyan Kristina , Neßling Michelle , Richter Karsten , Kaden Sylvia , Ernst Claudia , Seitz Stefan , Chuprikova Liubov , Häfele Lisa , Gunst Karin , Rahbari Nuh , Birgin Emrullah , Rasbach Erik , Rahbari Mohammad , Brobeil Alexander , Schenk Miriam , Büchler Markus , de Villiers Ethel‐Michele , Bund Timo , zur Hausen Harald
Published: November 2022

Chronic inflammation, linked to the presence of bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) and specific subsets of macrophages, results in oxygen radical synthesis and induction of mutations in DNA of actively replicating cells and replicating single stranded DNA. Cancers arising from this process have been characterized as indirect carcinogenesis by infectious agents (without persistence of genes of the agent in premalignant or cancers cells). Here, we investigate structural properties of pleomorphic vesicles, regularly identified by staining peritumor tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer for expression of BMMF Rep. The latter represents a subgroup of BMMF1 proteins involved in replication of small single‐stranded circular plasmids of BMMF, but most likely also contributing to pleomorphic vesicular structures found in the periphery of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancers. Structurally dense regions are demonstrated in preselected areas of colorectal cancer, after staining with monoclonal antibodies against BMMF1 Rep. Similar structures were observed in human embryonic cells (HEK293TT) overexpressing Rep. These data suggest that Rep or Rep isoforms contribute to the structural formation of vesicles.
System truncation accelerates binding affinity calculations with the fragment molecular orbital method: A benchmark study
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Akaki Tatsuo , Nishiwaki Keiji , Nakatani Midori , Kawase Yuji , Takahashi Yuki , Nakanishi Isao
Published: November 2022

The fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is a fast quantum‐mechanical method that divides systems into pieces of fragments and performs ab initio calculations. The system truncation enables further speed improvement. In this article, we systematically study the effects of system truncations on binding affinity calculations obtained with FMO in combination with either the polarizable continuum model (FMO/PCM) or in combination with the Møller–Plesset method (FMO‐MP2). We have used five protein complexes with ligands of several charged states. The calculated binding energies of the size variants of the truncated system, including only a restricted number of atoms around the ligand, are compared to the energy obtained from a full system. The result shows that the systems could be truncated to a radius of 8 Å from neutral ligands within an error of 0.7 kcal/mol, and 12 Å from charged ligands within an error of 1.1 kcal/mol for calculating the binding energy in solution.
Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging
Authors: Penniman Christie M. , Bhardwaj Gourav , Nowers Colette J. , Brown Chandler U. , Junck Taylor L. , Boyer Cierra K. , Jena Jayashree , Fuqua Jordan D. , Lira Vitor A. , O'Neill Brian T.
Published: November 2022

Background

Muscle mitochondrial decline is associated with aging‐related muscle weakness and insulin resistance. FoxO transcription factors are targets of insulin action and deletion of FoxOs improves mitochondrial function in diabetes. However, disruptions in proteostasis and autophagy are hallmarks of aging and the effect of chronic inhibition of FoxOs in aged muscle is unknown. This study investigated the role of FoxOs in regulating muscle strength and mitochondrial function with age.

Methods

We measured muscle strength, cross‐sectional area, muscle fibre‐type, markers of protein synthesis/degradation, central nuclei, glucose/insulin tolerance, and mitochondrial bioenergetics in 4.5‐month (Young) and 22–24‐month‐old (Aged) muscle‐specific FoxO1/3/4 triple KO (TKO) and littermate control (Ctrl) mice.

Results

Lean mass was increased in Aged TKO compared with both Aged Ctrl and younger groups by 26–33% (P < 0.01). Muscle strength, measured by max force of tibialis anterior (TA) contraction, was 20% lower in Aged Ctrl compared with Young Ctrls (P < 0.01) but was not decreased in Aged TKOs. Increased muscle strength in Young and Aged TKO was associated with 18–48% increased muscle weights compared with Ctrls (P < 0.01). Muscle cross‐sectional analysis of TA, soleus, and plantaris revealed increases in fibre size distribution and a 2.5–10‐fold increase in central nuclei in Young and Aged TKO mice, without histologic signs of muscle damage. Age‐dependent increases in Gadd45a and Ube4a expression as well accumulation of K48 polyubiquitinated proteins were observed in quad and TA but were prevented by FoxO deletion. Young and Aged TKO muscle showed minimal changes in autophagy flux and no accumulation of autophagosomes compared with Ctrl groups. Increased strength in Young and Aged TKO was associated with a 10–20% increase in muscle mitochondrial respiration using glutamate/malate/succinate compared with controls (P < 0.05). OXPHOS subunit expression and complex I activity were decreased 16–34% in Aged Ctrl compared with Young Ctrl but were prevented in Aged TKO. Both Aged Ctrl and Aged TKO showed impaired glucose tolerance by 33% compared to young groups (P < 0.05) indicating improved strength and mitochondrial respiration are not due to improved glycemia.

Conclusions

FoxO deletion increases muscle strength even during aging. Deletion of FoxOs maintains muscle strength in part by mild suppression of atrophic pathways, including inhibition of Gadd45a and Ube4a expression, without accumulation of autophagosomes in muscle. Deletion of FoxOs also improved mitochondrial function by maintenance of OXPHOS in both young and aged TKO.
Histological, elemental, and ultrastructural analysis of melanin in mantle of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Li Zhuanzhuan , Li Qi , Xu Chengxun , Yu Hong
Published: November 2022

Colorful shell of bivalve is mainly because of the biological pigments, of which melanin plays an important role in shell color formation. More and more studies focus on the genes function involved in melanin synthesis, but relatively few studies address the biochemical character and ultrastructure of melanin in bivalve from microscopic perspective. Here, we investigated the histological structure of mantle of Crassostrea gigas with orange shell color. Distribution of melanin in mantle was verified with histochemical staining. In addition, immunofluorescence technique showed that strongly positive signal of CgTYR was specific to the mantle margin, which is consistence with the location of brown granules in H&E staining. The further result of elementary composition of melanin displayed that metal Ca, Fe, and Zn were detected using scanning transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping methods. Next, based on TEM observations, it was speculated that the series of cellular events leading to the formation and release of melanin. Melanocyte in the primary stage showed many mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as an extensive Golgi complex with numerous vesicles intermingled with melanosome. Subsequently, melanosome was expended and their hue gradually intensified, and Golgi complex and mitochondria were still observed in the cytoplasm. Finally, after melanosome was discharged into intercellular spaces, the disintegration of membranes in some cells, and severe cellular vacuolization. These data enrich the understanding of ultrastructural characteristic and formation of melanin in mantle of bivalve and pave the way for further investigating shell coloration at the cellular level.
Are natural resources also bad for infrastructure quality?
Authors: Tadadjeu Sosson , Ningaye Paul , Njangang Henri
Published: November 2022

This study contributes to the extensive non‐consensus literature on the resource curse by examining the effect of natural resource dependence on infrastructure quality. We show that natural resources on average have a negative effect on the overall quality of infrastructure, including the quality of various infrastructures such as roads, ports, railroads, airports and the quality of electricity supply. However, we find that, beyond a certain threshold, natural resources improve the quality of some infrastructure. This study also supports the importance of improving the quality of institutions, as we show that natural resources are a blessing for the infrastructure quality in countries with a better institutional framework.
Socially Just and Culturally Relevant Experiential Leadership Learning: Centering Equity and Inclusion in Learners' Praxis
Authors: McCarron Graziella Pagliarulo , Yamanaka Aoi , Schierbeek Elizabeth , Fojtik Garrett
Published: November 2022

The current article draws on findings from a constructivist, qualitative case study via which we explored which and how experiential leadership learning activities supported students in making meaning of social inequity and change as well as how students’ identities were held in conversation. Data collection was grounded in semi‐structured interviews with 13 students enrolled across four leadership courses (i.e., Leadership Theory; Women and Leadership; Leadership and Social Change; Leadership and Organizational Problem‐Solving) at a public, four year university in the Mid‐Atlantic. Thematic analysis of student voice—as well as syllabi and student journals—uncovered not only the types of experiential leadership learning that amplified students’ awareness of social justice issues, but also how students’ experiences of dissonance and vulnerability, the creation of safe/brave learning environments, and educators’ emotional availability intersected with experiences to expand leadership learning.
Molecular evidence for potential transovarial transmission of Jingmen tick virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis fed on cattle from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wu Zhen , Chen Junhao , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Yuli , Liu Lin , Niu Guoyu
Published: November 2022

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel tick‐borne virus first identified from Jingmen city, Hubei Province of China in 2010. It has been proved that JMTV can cause human diseases and is widely distributed both inside and outside of China. However, the survival mode and transmission characteristics of JMTV still need further research, particularly in terms of transovarial transmission. In this study, an investigation was conducted to explore the presence of JMTV from engorged female ticks to their offspring. All engorged female adult ticks were collected from domestic cattle and allowed to lay eggs in appropriate humidity and temperature conditions. Maternal ticks, eggs and larvae were screened for JMTV RNA through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nested PCR methods. The results revealed the positive rate of 10.53% (10/95) in engorged ticks, 9.09% (2/22) in eggs and 8% (4/50) in larvae pools, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that sequences from eggs and larvae had closer relationship with those isolates from maternal engorged ticks with more than 99.7% homology and JMTV manifested with evolutional conservatism. Our study has identified for the first time that JMTV could be transmitted from mother generation to offspring of Haemaphysalis Longicornis. Nonetheless, the efficiency of transovarial transmission in JMTV and the significance of ticks as amplification hosts still need to be further illustrated.
Construction of a spanning tree for high‐order edge elements
Authors: De Los Santos Eduardo , Alonso Rodríguez Ana María , Rapetti Francesca
Published: November 2022

The well‐known tree–cotree gauging method for low‐order edge finite elements is extended to high‐order approximations, within the first family of Nédélec finite element spaces. The key point in this method is the identification of degrees of freedom for edge and nodal finite element spaces, such that the matrix of the gradient operator is the transpose of the all nodes incidence matrix of a directed graph. This is straightforward for low‐order finite elements, and it can be proved that it is still possible in the high‐order case using either moments or weights as degrees of freedom. In the case of weights, a geometrical realization of the graph associated with the gradient operator is very natural. We recall in details the definition of weights and present an algorithm for the construction of a spanning tree of this graph. The starting point of the algorithm is a spanning tree of the graph given by vertices and edges of the mesh (the so‐called global spanning tree, that is the one used in the low‐order case). This global step, interpreted in the high‐order sense, is enriched locally, with a loop over the elements of the mesh, with arcs corresponding to edge, face, and volume degrees of freedom required in the high‐order case.
Strategies for high nitrogen production and fertilizer value of plant‐based fertilizers
Authors: Lynge Mariane , Kristensen Hanne Lakkenborg , Grevsen Kai , Sorensen Jorn Nygaard
Published: November 2022

Background

Organic vegetable production has a demand for alternative fertilizers to replace fertilizers from sources that are not organic, that is, typically animal‐based ones from conventional farming.

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop production strategies of plant‐based fertilizers to maximize cumulative nitrogen (N) production (equal to N yield by green manure crops), while maintaining a low carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and to test the fertilizer value in organic vegetable production.

Methods

The plant‐based fertilizers consisted of the perennial green manure crops—alfalfa, white clover, red clover, and a mixture of red clover and ryegrass—and the annual green‐manure crops—broad bean, lupine, and pea. The crops were cut several times at different developmental stages. The harvested crops were used fresh or pelleted as fertilizers for field‐grown white cabbage and leek. The fertilizer value was tested with respect to biomass, N offtake, N recovery, and soil mineral N (Nmin). Poultry manure and an unfertilized treatment were used as controls.

Results

The cumulative N production of the perennial green manure crops ranged from 300 to 640 kg N ha–1 year–1 when cut two to five times. The highest productions occurred at early and intermediate developmental stages, when cut three to four times. Annual green manure crops produced 110–320 kg N ha–1 year–1, since repeated cutting was restricted. The C:N ratio of the green manure crops was 8.5–20.5, and increased with developmental stage. The fertilizer value of green manure, as measured in white cabbage and leek, was comparable to animal‐based manure on the condition that the C:N ratio was low (<18). N recovery was 20%–49% for green manure and 29%–42% for poultry manure. A positive correlation was detected between soil Nmin and vegetable N offtake shortly after incorporating the green manure crops, indicating synchrony between N release and crop demand.

Conclusions

Plant‐based fertilizers represent highly productive and efficient fertilizers that can substitute conventional animal‐based fertilizers in organic vegetable production.
Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Tang Shirley N. , Bonilla Andres F. , Chahine Nadeen O. , Colbath Aimee C. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Grad Sibylle , Haglund Lisbet , Le Maitre Christine L. , Leung Victor , McCoy Annette M. , Purmessur Devina , Tang Simon Y. , Zeiter Stephan , Smith Lachlan J.
Published: November 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Appropriate preclinical models for intervertebral disc research are essential to achieving a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and for the development, evaluation, and translation of more effective treatments. To this end, in vivo animal and ex vivo organ culture models are both widely used by spine researchers; however, the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are a source of ongoing controversy. In this article, members from the Spine and Preclinical Models Sections of the Orthopedic Research Society, including experts in both basic and translational spine research, present contrasting arguments in support of in vivo animal models versus ex vivo organ culture models for studies of the disc, supported by a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the respective advantages and limitations of these approaches, and advance the field toward a consensus with respect to appropriate model selection and implementation. We conclude that complementary use of several model types and leveraging the unique advantages of each is likely to result in the highest impact research in most instances.
PLA and PBAT‐Based Electrospun Fibers Functionalized with Antibacterial Bio‐Based Polymers
Authors: Chiloeches A. , Fernández‐García R. , Fernández‐García M. , Mariano A. , Bigioni I. , Scotto d'Abusco A. , Echeverría C. , Muñoz‐Bonilla A.
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial fibers based on biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are prepared by electrospinning. For this purpose, a biodegradable/bio‐based polyitaconate containing azoles groups (PTTI) is incorporated at 10 wt.% into the electrospinning formulations. The resulting fibers functionalized with azole moieties are uniform and free of beads. Then, the accessible azole groups are subjected to N‐alkylation, treatment that provides cationic azolium groups with antibacterial activity at the surface of fibers. The positive charge density, roughness, and wettability of the cationic fibers are evaluated and compared with flat films. It is confirmed that these parameters exert an important effect on the antimicrobial properties, as well as the length of the alkylating agent and the hydrophobicity of the matrix. The quaternized PLA/PTTI fibers exhibit the highest efficiency against the tested bacteria, yielding a 4‐Log reduction against S. aureus and 1.7‐Log against MRSA. Then, biocompatibility and bioactivity of the fibers are evaluated in terms of adhesion, morphology and viability of fibroblasts. The results show no cytotoxic effect of the samples, however, a cytostatic effect is appreciated, which is ascribed to the strong electrostatic interactions between the positive charge at the fiber surface and the negative charge of the cell membranes.
Steam oxidation of scratched β‐FeAl coatings on P92 steel
Authors: Zhou Yongli , Zhao Qinxin , Lu Jintao , Liang Zhiyuan , Yuan Yong , Gu Yuefeng , Huang Jinyang
Published: November 2022

Aluminizing is a low‐cost and effective technology to improve the oxidation resistance of P92 steel without impacting its mechanical properties. In that regard, it is worth investigating whether a defective coating has an effect on oxidation. A modified aluminizing method is developed to form a thin β‐FeAl layer on heat‐resistant P92 steel under relatively lower temperatures. And the steam oxidation behavior of scratched β‐FeAl coating, scratch‐free β‐FeAl coating, and P92 steel is investigated in this study. The results exhibit that an unstable Fe‐rich oxide layer with a thickness of more than 130 µm grew on the P92 steel, while only an extremely thin α‐Al2O3 scale of less than 0.2 µm emerged on the aluminized‐P92 steel and a bi‐layer nodules oxide scale formed on the scratched aluminide coating. However, the steam oxidation resistance of the coating with a scratched track is still better than that of the steel substrate but far less than that of the scratch‐free coating. To maintain optimal oxidation resistance, the scratched area should be repaired by the formation of a fresh aluminide coating.
Automated detection and quantification of the onset of undercoating corrosion using pulsed thermography
Authors: Kopf Larissa F. , Tighe Rachael C.
Published: November 2022

Corrosion of metals can occur under coatings making early visual detection almost impossible which enables corrosion to progress undetected. Nondestructive evaluation can be used to inspect parts during their life. Thermography uses the difference in thermal properties between defective and sound areas to locate defects by applying a short pulse of heat and monitoring the surface temperature of the sample with an infrared camera. However, currently, inspection is reliant on highly trained operators to analyze images for defects and in the case of corrosion, judge its growth. The aim of this research was to develop and test a novel algorithm to identify and quantify the onset of corrosion under coatings and monitor the growth. Using this algorithm, the corrosion was autonomously detected in a variety of mild steel samples exposed to three different corrosive environments. The method successfully detected, quantified, and monitored the growth of corrosion under coatings accurately and robustly using thermal images gathered by a microbolometer infrared camera. The extent of corrosion was reported with an accuracy of 3% absolute error when compared to the true extent.
Influence of the machined surface roughness on the pitting behavior of 304 stainless steel
Authors: Tan Xin , Lan Rulei , Yao Qiong , Tu Qiyong , Lei Longlin , Zhang Jun , Sun Yangting , Li Jin , Jiang Yiming
Published: November 2022

The relationship between specimens with different machined surface roughness and pitting resistance was explored using the critical pitting temperature (CPT), critical pitting potential (Ep), and FeCl3 pitting immersion tests. Compared with the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface contour (Ra), the depth–width ratio could characterize the mathematical relationship between the machined surface roughness and pitting parameters more simply. With an increase in the depth–width ratio, the CPT and Ep of 304 stainless steel decreased, the average corrosion rate increased, the number of pits decreased, and the pit sizes increased. A larger depth–width ratio led to a larger effective diffusion length of metal cations in the pits, thus, the critical pitting criteria could be reached easily, which resulted in the reduction of the pitting resistance of 304 stainless steel.
Tailor‐Made Poly(vinylamine) via Purple LED‐Activated RAFT Polymerization of N‐vinylformamide
Authors: Kurowska Izabela , Dupre–Demorsy Alexis , Balayssac Stéphane , Hennetier Marie , Ric Audrey , Bourdon Valérie , Ando Tsuyoshi , Ajiro Hiroharu , Coutelier Olivier , Destarac Mathias
Published: November 2022

Photo‐iniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PI‐RAFT) polymerization of N‐vinylformamide (NVF) is demonstrated by using purple light. PNVFs with predetermined molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions are obtained. High RAFT chain‐end fidelity is confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) and electrospray‐ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS), and chain extension experiment. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, an original poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylformamide) (PVP‐b‐PNVF) diblock copolymer is synthesized and characterized by aqueous size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation (A4F), and 1H diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (1H DOSY NMR). Finally, selective hydrolysis of PNVF block to corresponding pH‐responsive poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylformamide) (PVP‐b‐PVAm) is performed.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approaches for salivary protein biomarkers discovery and dental caries diagnosis: A critical review
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Hussain Ahmed , Siqueira Walter L.
Published: November 2022

Dental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the intricate interplay among acid‐generating bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and several host factors such as saliva. Saliva comprises several proteins which could be utilized as biomarkers for caries prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Mass spectrometry‐based salivary proteomics approaches, owing to their sensitivity, provide the opportunity to investigate and unveil crucial cariogenic pathogen activity and host indicators and may demonstrate clinically relevant biomarkers to improve caries diagnosis and management. The present review outlines the published literature of human clinical proteomics investigations on caries and extensively elucidates frequently reported salivary proteins as biomarkers. This review also discusses important aspects while designing an experimental proteomics workflow. The protein–protein interactions and the clinical relevance of salivary proteins as biomarkers for caries, together with uninvestigated domains of the discipline are also discussed critically.
Characterization of health concerns in people with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Fleming Jane , Morgan Oliver , Wong Claire , Schlub Timothy E. , Berman Yemima
Published: November 2022

Background

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common cancer predisposition syndrome. Affected individuals require lifelong surveillance and often suffer progressive disfigurement due to cutaneous neurofibromas. The aim of this research was to characterize health concerns and quality of life (QOL) in a population cohort.

Methods

An online survey was completed by 68 adults and 32 parents of children with NF1, and 60 controls. The survey included the Skindex‐29 QOL scale, 5D‐itch scale, and additional health questions.

Results

Frequency of itch was high in children (50%) and adults (69%), with most expressing interest in treatment for itch. The presence of itch and increased visibility of NF1 were predictors of poorer QoL. Many adults (53%) and parents (44%) desired access to treatment to improve cosmetic appearance. Muscle weakness/tiredness was also prevalent amongst (60–70%) adults and children with NF1. Two‐thirds of adults with NF1 reported limited awareness of NF1 services and poor knowledge of surveillance, particularly breast screening in young women.

Conclusion

This study highlights the impact of NF1‐related itch and visibility in adults and children with a need for cosmetic and itch treatment. The findings emphasize a need for strategies to promote awareness, and access to management and treatment of NF1 in adults.
Stability and large‐time behavior of the 3D Boussinesq equations with mixed partial kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity near one equilibrium
Authors: Ma Liangliang , Li Lin
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the stability problem and large‐time behavior for the 3D Boussinesq equations with mixed partial kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity near one equilibrium, i.e.,
with
(where
is chosen to be large, e.g., satisfying the well‐known Miles‐Howard criterion). These problems can be extremely difficult due to the equations lack of full dissipation. Our results are twofold. In the first place, we establish the global
and
stability for the nonlinear system with seven different partially dissipated systems of Boussinesq equations. In the second place, we derive precise large‐time behavior for the linearized system.
On the blow‐up phenomena of the compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Korteweg system with degenerate viscosity
Authors: Tang Tong , Wei Xu , Ling Zhi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the blow‐up phenomena of classical solutions to the compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Korteweg system with degenerate viscosity in arbitrary dimensions. Motivated by the previous work, we obtain the upper and lower decay rates of the internal energy. Furthermore, the results of blow‐up phenomena do not require that the initial data have compact support or contain vacuum in any finite region.
Hericium erinaceus mycelium‐Derived Polysaccharide Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Ren Zhengyu , Xu Zhenzhen , Amakye William Kwame , Liu Wei , Zhao Zikuan , Gao Li , Wang Min , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: November 2022

Scope

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is rapidly increasing worldwide but prolong use of available corticosteroids treatment is associated with numerous adverse effects. There is the urgent need to develop novel therapeutic options. However, this requires the use of suitable disease models, but current models are generated with chemical agents mainly in rodents, which are unable to recapitulate the human occurrence. The aim of this study is to validate the occurrence of spontaneous UC in cynomolgus monkeys and explore the potential of Hericium erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide in reversing UC pathologies.

Methods and results

Postmortem bowel evaluation and biochemical analysis including inflammatory markers and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as well as nutrition status parameters, confirm the non‐artificial induced spontaneous occurrence of UC in cynomolgus monkeys. Subsequently, H. erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide supplementation significantly attenuates UC pathologies, improves nutritional status, reduces the incidence of diarrhea, and reduces inflammation in UC monkeys. Importantly, the polysaccharides administration enhances intestinal function and reshapes the gut microbiota.

Conclusion

The study confirms the spontaneous UC monkeys can closely mimic the occurrence of UC in humans. Moreover, H. erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide can effectively restore UC in monkeys, which show the prospects as precision nutritional supplement for the management of UC.
The evidence from clinical trials on Gout medicines effect on COVID‐19: A protocol for systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bitar Ahmad Naoras , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the available evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of gout medicines against COVID‐19.

Design

Systematic review and Meta‐analysis.

Methods

We are systematically searching five databases [PubMed, Embase, CT.gov, ICTRP, CINAHL (EBSCO)]. We are following the PRISMA statement and the EPOC guidelines. The meta‐analysis will be conducted using Revman‐5.4.1 from Cochrane collaboration, UK. This review's protocol was also registered in PROSPERO, University of York, UK (CRD42022299718).

Results

In this meta‐analysis, we plan to give a conclusive overview of the available evidence on the efficacy of the medications used to manage gout in reducing COVID‐19 mortality, ICU admission, ventilation rate and hospitalization duration. If the results were positive, these drugs would greatly add to the scarce treatment options against COVID‐19. Furthermore, these drugs might provide an excellent alternative to inconvenient and expensive drugs. Additionally, most of these drugs have a well‐established safety profile for use during nursing, making them a much safer option for nursing mothers with COVID‐19.
Linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in older adults: The role of stress co‐occurrence during the pandemic
Authors: Kuo Wan‐Chin , Ersig Anne L. , Kunkul Fatih , Brown Roger L. , Oakley Linda D.
Published: November 2022

Studies examining the associations of chronic stressors with sleep health in older adults have shown conflicting results. While the COVID‐19 pandemic increased perceived stress at the population level, less is known about chronic stressors experienced by older adults in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on sleep health in an aging population. This study aims to examine the association of older adults' chronic stress with insomnia symptoms during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A cross‐sectional analysis was performed using early‐release COVID‐19 data from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on chronic stressors and insomnia symptoms in older adults (N = 2021; mean age = 68.8) were examined. Co‐occurrence network analysis, latent class analysis, Rao–Scott χ2 tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to characterize the co‐occurrence of chronic stressors and associations with insomnia symptoms. The most common co‐occurring chronic stressors during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic were self‐health issues, family‐health issues, and financial stress. Older adults experiencing frequent stress co‐occurrence had 91% higher odds of difficulty initiating sleep (p < 0.001), 40% higher odds of frequent nocturnal awakening (p = 0.028), and 83% higher odds of nonrestorative sleep (p < 0.001). However, adjustment for health risk factors and COVID‐19 concerns attenuated the effects, leaving strongest association for difficulty initiating sleep (odds ratio = 1.51, p = 0.010). Frequent stress co‐occurrence plays an important role linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in an aging population. Ongoing research is needed to examine the lingering effects of frequent stress co‐occurrence on older adults' sleep health in the post COVID‐19 era.