bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rooftop gardening in the globe: advantages and challenges
Authors: Quddus Abdul
Published: April 2023

Due to rapid increase of global urbanization food demand is rising for the urban inhabitants, especially, massive consumption demand for green vegetables and fruits. Rooftop gardening is a valuable mode of getting these fresh and nutrition rich food for urban dwellers. Also, roof farming is an alternative means of land use and in the countries with less agricultural lands. This farming system serves the healthy foods and progress in food security of the urban people. It improves urban atmosphere through reducing pollution, enhance greening environment and provides households’ recreation. Thus, a review study has done to know the scenario of rooftop farming in the urban community along with advantages and challenges. Previous research denounced that insight and consciousness of roof gardening has enriched and affords wellbeing, social value and enjoyable farming to the building residents. Knowledge and awareness of gardening should be disseminated, commercial roof farming should be popularized and the challenges regarding urban rooftop gardening should try to overcome.
Role of Nalanda college of agriculture in promoting agricultural education in Tamil Nadu
Authors: C Sekhar , R Sivakalai , G Sheebha , M Sudhakar , M Mohanraj
Published: April 2023

The Study focuses on major areas in which agricultural education is imparted by incorporating major and minor courses which are related to agriculture and allied subjects which are helping in the promotion of career orientation. Another aspect of the study is Promoting greenery to the environment by the students of agriculture and earns hands on training in the areas like bee keeping, mushroom cultivation, Ornamental Nursery, Entrepreneurial Development, Commercial Seed Production, Dry land farming, sericulture, vermicompost production, azolla production which are giving way to the students in practicing of agribusiness and its initiatives in their region of residence. In this respect, this article addresses how an educational institution could train the students in making use of the available dry lands for effective crop production front by employing the agricultural labour force in making the dry lands into a big greenery. This might be an example to the dry land farmers to cope with and elevate their lifestyle in an appreciable way and it will also promote the farming initiatives with courage and confidence wherever the land and irrigation facility are available. Certain students are also taking the lands on lease to promote agriculture in a big way. This paper is a paradigm for the persons who are taking initiatives in agriculture to make farming as their career path.
First record of phytophagous insects in Arundo pugnax (L.). 1753 (Poaceae) in Irapuato, Guanajuato. Mexico
Authors: Salas-Araiza Manuel Darío , Guzmán Mendoza Rafael , Huerta-Arredondo Ilse Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Arundo pugnax is a very aggressive grass due to its ability to cover humid areas and its difficult eradication, it invades irrigation canals and stops the flow of water. In order to contribute to the knowledge of insects associated with this Poaceae, leaves of A. pugnax were collected in the municipality of Irapuato, Gto. Mexico. The plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni, the sugarcane lace bug Leptodictya tabida and the hesperid Euphyes vestris are reported for the first time from Mexico.
Phytoremediation plants of metals in leached urban solid waste Phytoremediation in landfill
Authors: Morales-Hernández Sofía , López-Martínez Sugey , Jiménez-Pérez Nelly del Carmen , Lagunas-Rivera Selene , Morales-Bautista Carlos Mario , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel
Published: April 2023

Leachate is among the main pollutants in landfills, specifically because its components can cause danger to the environment. One of the treatment options is phytoremediation, which is an efficient technique with low environmental impact and reduced costs. The potential for phytoremediation of heavy metals in plants exposed to Urban Solid Waste leachate from a final disposal site located in Tabasco, Mexico was evaluated. Five plant species predominant in the landfill coverage were selected and identified: Pennisetum purpureum, Cyperus esculentus, Canna indica, Dactylotenium scindicun and Echinochloa colona. Subsequently, leachate samples were collected from each plant and adjacent soil for determination of Heavy Metals through ICP-OES (n=3). The metals with the highest concentration in the leachate were Ba and Zn. Independently of the species, Barium was absorbed at a higher concentration. The higher Bioconcentration Factor was observed in Thallium by D. scindicum and C. indica, and the Translocation Factor identified hyperaccumulating species: E. colona (Zing and Barium) C. indica (Zing and Barium), P. purpureum (Thallium) and D. scindicum (Barium and Thallium).
Analyzing genetic variation for important yield-contributing attributes in genotypes of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes
Authors: JC Harriman , PI Okocha , GE Nwofia
Published: April 2023

An experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability of 47 orange-fleshed sweetpotato(OFSP) genotypes. It was established in two locations(Umudike and Igbariam) in a RCBD fashion with three replications. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA using the software; AGD-R. The results showed that all the characters studied were highly significant (p<0.01) for genotypes. All the traits were significant for location except the vine length, days to 50% flowering and root yield. Most of the characters were also significant for genotypes-location interaction. Significant differences observed among genotypes for most traits indicated the presence of genetic variation among the materials. The genotypic coefficient of variation(GCV) was very high for beta carotene(73.8%) and vitamin A(70.0%). Phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV) was very high for beta carotene(183.5%), root yield per hectare(151.6%), total root weight per plant(150.6%) and total number of roots per plant(113.5%). The PCV was higher than their corresponding GCV for all the characters studies, indicating that the expression of these characters was influenced by environment. The GCV was consistently higher than PCV in all the traits. The genotypic variance was high for days to 50% flowering(373.16), dry matter(220.30), root girth (140.73), root length (68.10) and root yield per hectar (349.66). The magnitude of VA was consistently larger than that of VD for all the traits suggesting that the additive genetic variance was more important than the dominance genetic variance in the inheritance of most studied traits. All the characters studies had high heritability (>60%). High heritability estimates for those traits indicated a high response to selection
Anesthetic management of adrenaloectomy: a case report
Authors: Bajracharya Gautam Ratna , Prasai Abha , Chhetri Neelam
Published: April 2023

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine secreting tumours arising from the chromaffin cells of sympathoadrenal system. The patients usually present with hypertension, palpitation and sweating but may have varied presentation as well. Surgery is the definitive treatment of pheochromocytoma both to control the symptoms and more importantly to prevent further complications of hypertensive crisis, particularly the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. The laparoscopic adrenalectomy via transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach is preferred due to advantages of laparoscopy over the open approach. The anesthetic management of such surgeries becomes challenging due to the potential for perioperative hemodynamic instability.
Panton-valentine leukocidin staphylococcus causing necrotising pneumonia in a young male
Authors: Noor M , Chaudhry A , Mirza O
Published: April 2023

Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is among one of the many toxins associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. It commonly causes recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), but can sometimes be associated with severe invasive infections, including necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia in otherwise healthy young people. Here we report a case of young male patient who presented with community acquired pneumonia that very rapidly progressed to necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia leading to septic shock with multi-organ failure. His chest imaging showed extensive right sided cavitatory pneumonia & his bronchial washings confirmed the presence of PVL positive Staph aureus. He was managed in Intensive care where he was resuscitated with organs support along with broad spectrum antibiotics. He later developed renal impairment needing renal replacement therapy. Patient gradually showed clinical signs of improvement after prolonged ICU admission. He was later stepped down to the Respiratory ward following improvement in clinical condition. Hence medical physicians need to know about Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing staphylococcus aureus as early detection and treatment can save lives of patients.
Environmental and clinical mould spore risk thresholds
Authors: Jones Cameron L
Published: April 2023

Escalating environmental pollution and urbanization is associated with a rise in fungal contamination, which contributes to a variety of health concerns, particularly respiratory tract ailments such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, bronchitis, and sick building syndrome. Spore trap testing serves as a straightforward method for evaluating the number of spores/m³ in the air. Multiple studies indicate that 1000 spores/m³ represents the upper threshold for normal levels of mould exposure, with levels above this linked to adverse health effects, thereby establishing the environmental threshold. According to the literature, the clinical threshold is 3000 spores/m³ for Cladosporium and 100 spores/m³ for Alternaria. This mini review provides an overview of the existing environmental and clinical thresholds for fungal contamination to assess risk. We examine fungal threshold levels in both outdoor and indoor settings, encompassing residential homes, libraries, buildings, workplaces, and hospitals. In conclusion, environmental scientists, microbiologists/mycologists, occupational hygienists, insurance assessors, the real estate sector, clinical healthcare staff, and others must use and apply both environmental and clinical threshold levels to assess fungal contamination risk in indoor environments to protect public health. And finally, this mini review highlights the need for increased focus and research to ensure that appropriate guidelines and industry standards are developed, applied, and enforced that incorporate objective spore thresholds to quantify risk from fungal mediated adverse health in various indoor environments.
Is it all “bad news” for conservatives? Constructive criticism of two previous studies
Authors: Semel Robert A
Published: April 2023

The current article reviews and critiques two published studies concerning the associations between socially conservative and liberal judgments and dark personality traits. Those studies presented statistically substantial findings of associations between socially conservative judgments on a Moral Intuition Survey and “dark triad” traits, i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Much fewer statistically significant associations between liberal judgments and dark triad traits were found in those studies, with a greater chance of false positive results for the latter associations. The current analysis identifies limitations in the earlier studies' methodology, statistical analyses, and societal considerations that place their findings in a more nuanced context. The paper concludes with a recommendation for further research since science is an open and evolving process
Strategies for improving anti-malarial drug quality in Cambodia market
Authors: Somony Keam , Huaifu Xu
Published: April 2023

Anti-malarial drug quality is a central role of malaria treatment in the endemic poor countries. Strategies of improving quality are important to make drug quality to effect patients but neglect to concern in import of fake anti-malarial drug cause failure of treat patients, economic finance, have no confidence and drug resistance in health systems. The appearance of fake anti-malarial drug is affected to people who seek to buy in Cambodia market and efforts are needed to improve drug quality of the Cambodia supply of anti-malarial. Malaria drug vendor has adverted to the alarming scale of poor anti-malarial drug quality in drug store but also illustrated the major geographical gaps in data on anti-malarial drug quality from rural area. Initiatives that offer active disease management strategies and promote patients and malaria knowledge appear more successful in increasing treatment adherence and decreasing the risk of financial hardship. This research reviews is essential to study how anti-malarial drugs are distributed and consumed the strategies and methods available to study the quality of anti-malarial to ensure that they are be able to comprehend about quality.
A case of acute pyelonephritis with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules
Authors: A Mora Annalee
Published: April 2023

Acute pyelonephritis, one of the most common kidney diseases, often occurs as a complication of a urinary tract infection (UTI) that has spread from the bladder to the kidneys. Pulmonary cavitary lesions can come from multiple sources, including complications from a UTI if mixed clots of bacteria travel to the lungs or from metastatic cancer. Herein we describe a case of acute pyelonephritis with cavitary pulmonary lesions in a 75-year-old woman with a recent history of UTI. Her condition deteriorated rapidly from the initial admission and required various treatments to stabilize her condition. Ultimately, the patient and her caregiver chose a relatively conservative management course while in our care. This report describes the course of treatment and the patient's and her caregiver's involvement in care decisions.
Baseline scenario for the long-term development of the national industry until 2035
Authors:   Institute of Idustrial Economy of NAS of Ukraine, Okhten Oleksiy , Dasiv Alla ,   Institute of Idustrial Economy of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The article formulates the assumptions for the baseline scenario for the development of Ukrainian industry as to the dynamics of the world economy, world food and commodity price indices, the population size of Ukraine, the exchange rate of hryvnia against the dollar and the euro, the dynamics of wages in Ukraine and the EU, the propensity to invest in the Ukrainian economy, the value of the world GDP deflator. The initial data for the base scenario for the development of Ukrainian industry in 2020-2035 have been determined. The baseline scenario is conservative and reflects the continuing trends in the national industry that were observed until 2019. The main results of modeling the baseline scenario for the development of the national industry for 2020-2035 by sectors have been presented. The growth rates of value added by sectors, as well as the growth rates of GDP from 2010 to 2035 have been calculated. Changes in the share of sectors of the economy of Ukraine for 2011-2020 (fact) and from 2021 to 2035 (basic scenario) have been presented. It should be noted that the development of the scenarios was based on the continuation of the trends of 2010-2019 without taking into account unpredictable factors (such as the coronavirus pandemic or military combat), so the main goal is to assess general economic trends and factors rather than accurately predict certain indicators in specific conditions. The dynamics of relative indicators that indicate the structural features of the process of value added creation was calculated and analyzed, including capital-labor ratio, capital productivity, efficiency of labor costs and labor productivity for each sector. It has been established that in the baseline scenario, the economy of Ukraine will experience steady growth in the main sectors: mining, by an average of 1% per year; agriculture by 2-2.5% per year, while the largest growth will be observed in the processing industry, above 4% per year. This is generally in line with the trends in the global economy: growth is mainly concentrated in processing industries rather than industries that extract natural resources. The annual GDP growth, according to the simulation results, will be in the range of 3-5%, which approximately corresponds to the forecasts of various world institutions.
On the formula of the strategy of post-war economic restructuring
Authors:   Institute of Idustrial Economy of NAS of Ukraine, Amosha Oleksandr , Amosha Оlena ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

Despite continuing military activities, the strategy of post-war economic recovery is being developed in Ukraine. Nevertheless, the lack of clear and transparent formula of strategic transformation decreases the effectiveness of economic complex further development. The article pays attention to the fact that it is exactly infrastructure in the sense wider than merely transport and energy one, infrastructure, that includes social sphere functioning is able to become a key word to the aforementioned formula. Economic infrastructure, being a complex of different branches and types of activities, influences directly the speed of goods and funds movement, services quantity and quality, and the dynamics of economic growth in general. At the moment the plan of transforming Ukraine into pan-energetic transiting body for all Eurasian territories, which had been offered earlier, seems to be hardly ever realistic. However, electric power networks of Ukraine and Europe happened, which needs to be taken into account while scrutinizing prospective. As is has been shown, the separate problem is underdevelopment of innovation structure in old industrial regions of Ukraine. Even now Ukraine takes the 42nd place in the world in startups implementation. The increase of regional activities in this sphere allows to sufficiently modernize the country economy and mobilize the large amount of foreign investment. The article provides examples of possible economic development in innovative, transport and energy infrastructure. Even demographic situation in the country could be improved by the relevant infrastructure transformations, in particular, by promoting «active longevity», decreasing migration loss, etc. Creation of production and social day-to-day infrastructure according to European model may well become a formula of post-war recovery strategy for Ukraine.
Conceptual Model of Utilizing the Competitive Ability of Maritime Transport in the Economic Security System
Authors: Laiko O. , Khumarova N. , Ilchenko S. , Gryshchenko V. , Gryshchenko I.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. In order to function successfully in the market, the water transport business entities, in addition to material and financial resources, need the utilization of their internal unique capabilities in the existing business environment, which determine the competitive potential.Problem Statement. The successful operation and development of water transport requires the development of a scientific approach to utilizing its competitive potential in the country’s economic security system.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to form a conceptual model of the utilization of competitive potential of water transport in the economic security system of the Black Sea region.Material and Methods. We have used the following methods: system structural, abstract logical analysis, grouping, and economic mathematical modeling, for studying the essence and structure of the competitive potential of water transport, for assessing its utilization in security system of the Black Sea region.Results. The essence of the category “competitive potential of water transport” has been determined. The structure of the competitive potential of water transport has been studied, and the conceptual model of its use in the economic security system has been developed. Based on the proposed conceptual model, the utilization of the competitive potential of water transport in the economic security system has been assessed by the example of the Black Sea region.Conclusions. In order to enhance the competitive potential of water transport of Ukraine and the level of its utilization, in the context of economic security, it has been proposed to stimulate an increase in the number of ship calls to the ports of Ukraine and the number of Ukraine-flagged vessels belonging to domestic businesses and to create favorable conditions for the development of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine.
dilema para elegir la formación profesional, caso de estudio región del Alto Magdalena
Authors: Segura Barón Ulises , Arias Esquivel Blanca Leider
Published: April 2023

El presente documento es el resultado de un proyecto investigativo que indaga acerca de la necesidad de formación de profesionales en la región de Girardot y el Alto Magdalena, se presenta como aporte al diálogo e indagaciones críticas orientadas a la determinación de los factores y o causas que definen la decisión de los estudiantes de bachillerato para el ingreso a la educación superior; la investigación fue de carácter descriptiva exploratoria, documental, consistió básicamente en la revisión de material bibliográfico, estadístico y de información diversa. El proceso asume como caso de estudio la Seccional del Alto Magdalena de la Universidad Piloto de Colombia, con base en su situación actual en tanto como Universidad regional, su objetivo es identificar a partir de las condiciones particulares de la ciudad región el interés de formación profesional de los estudiantes, el lugar de formación y su principales motivaciones, esto contrastado con las expectativas de los empresarios de la región, que buscan profesionales con habilidades y competencias específicas. Como resultado preliminar las carreras en Derecho y Marketing son las más demandadas por los estudiantes, los empresarios por su parte se inclinan por las ciencias administrativas a nivel general.
Fortalecimiento de las competencias interpretativas y de representación en la función cuadrática a través de Genially
Authors: Moreno Páez Jimmy Alejandro
Published: April 2023

La implementación de la investigación buscó establecer cómo la aplicación de una herramienta digital, denominada Genially, contribuye al desarrollo de las competencias interpretativa y representativa de la función cuadrática, efectuando una estrategia didáctica, a los estudiantes del grado décimo de la institución educativa Juan Pablo II de Villavicencio, quienes han obtenido bajos resultados en pruebas presentadas, como Saber 11° y Pisa for School; así como falencias en el pensamiento variacional, en procedimientos algebraicos que necesitan modelar situaciones para generar análisis y representación; y también demuestran
poco interés hacia la asignatura de matemáticas, ya que cuentan con docentes que dejan a un lado las herramientas tecnológicas y los espacios digitales, por la clase magistral.
Por consiguiente, la investigación se fundamentó en las teorías del pensamiento variacional, modelación matemática, función cuadrática, recursos y herramientas digitales “Genially”, y la educación por competencias, trabajando por fases fundamentales, desarrolladas en etapas, de acuerdo con las características propias de la investigación mixta, a partir de la implementación de instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos, como la prueba diagnóstica, una entrevista semiestructurada y una prueba de salida.
Finalmente, a partir de la sistematización y análisis de la información recolectada, se encontró que los estudiantes mejoraron su desempeño en las competencias de interpretación y representación, desde el pensamiento variacional y la modelación de situaciones problema, al usar Genially, además, se apropiaron de la temática de función cuadrática, sin limitar el conocimiento al aula, la clase de matemáticas fue acorde a sus intereses, lo que evidenció la necesidad de que los docentes evolucionen de acuerdo con los adelantos tecnológicos.
Framework for Using Professional Engineering Tools to Develop Games in Post-Secondary Education
Authors: Kornevs Maksims , Krishna Harsha , Orhan Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Teaching is changing with increasing emphasis on teaching digitally to enable remote learning. While it gives more opportunities to engage students, it also makes it harder to learn professional skills, which is especially important for the engineering field. One problem might be the lack of professional tools for the digital education of engineers. The purpose of this work is to assess the feasibility of creating digital educational games by shaping professional tools themselves as games for post-secondary education, and to develop a framework for such a process. This article demonstrates a case for applying the proposed framework to develop a game for a communication network course using a computer network simulator. The findings of this work highlight the need to create such games in higher education based on professional tools.
Designing Post-Digital Hybrid Workplaces
Authors: Tahsiri Mina
Published: April 2023

As modes of work are becoming more diverse and distributed, it necessitates a revaluation of the approaches taken in designing of future workplaces. This paper argues that we are moving towards work practices that are post-digital, hybrid and collaborative in nature, requiring a closer examination of the values and requirements expected for such a workplace. In this light, the paper presents a Systematic Literature Review of research pertinent to workplace dynamics, design and management within the last decade. Two themes of ‘quality of life and satisfaction’ and ‘productivity and collaboration’ were found to be key areas of focus in literature. Collectively factors contributing to work dynamics and performance under these two themes were: crowding, degree of connectivity, degree of sociability, employee culture and perception of work, fatigue and stress, indoor environmental quality, motivation, conditions of the remote site of work, degree and culture of communication, degree of control, distractions with non-work related content, infrastructure for effective communication and interaction, mobility and flexibility, office layout and degree of spaciousness, and work and cognitive load. These raised a number of expectations for the  workplace, which this paper argues renders the future workplace as a tempo-spatial phenomenon, juxtaposing constructs of the personal/individual with the social collective, dysconnectivity with connectivity and asynchrony with synchrony within a network of functions distributed across physical and digital spaces of work.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress And Growth Alterations on Arthrospira Platensis Gomont and Chlorella Vulgaris Beijerinck (Beijerinck) by Cambio
Authors: ER Şükrüye , TUNCA Hatice , DOĞRU Ali , ONGUN SEVİNDİK Tuğba
Published: April 2023

This study aims to evaluate the toxicity effects of different concentrations of Cambio on Chlorella vulgaris (0-500 μg mL-1) and Arthrospira platensis (0-50 μg mL-1) algae by determining the changes in chlorophyll-a amount, OD 750 (biomass) and antioxidant parameters (the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline). A. platensis is being a cyanobacterium used commercially because of its high nutrient content. C. vulgaris used for medical and commercial purposes due to the capability of bioremediation, the structure of drug raw material, and nutrient compound. Ecotoxicological studies on these cosmopolitan algae are important for determining the harmful effects of chemicals on freshwater ecosystems. Cambio was toxic to A. platensis cells at the highest concentration, however, it stimulated the growth of C. vulgaris. For A. platensis application, the activity of Superoxide dismutase significantly decreased at moderate concentrations (p
Anesthesiology\'s next frontier: Exploring the boundless potential of artificial intelligence
Authors: Shetti Akshaya Narayan , Kumar A Randheer , Nagaraj Abhishek Harakbhavi , Banerjee Shramana , Ashwin A.B.  , Mohamed Nidhal S
Published: April 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare. In the field of anesthesia, AI has shown great promise in improving patient outcomes and enhancing the overall efficiency and safety of anesthesia practices. One of the main ways AI is being used in anesthesia is through predictive modeling, where machine learning algorithms are trained on large datasets to identify patterns and make predictions about patient outcomes. For example, AI can be used to predict patient response to anesthesia, predict the likelihood of postoperative complications, or optimize drug dosing. This allows anesthesiologists to make more informed decisions and reduce the risk of adverse events. Another area where AI is being used in anesthesia is in computer-assisted drug dosing. With the help of AI, anesthesiologists can determine the optimal dose of anesthesia for each patient, taking into account factors such as age, weight, medical history, and the type of surgery being performed. This helps to improve patient safety and reduce the risk of adverse events. As AI technology continues to advance, it is likely that the use of AI in anesthesia will become more widespread, and it will play an increasingly important role in improving patient outcomes and enhancing the overall quality of care in the field of anesthesia. Overall, the integration of AI in anesthesia is a promising development that has the potential to transform the field and improve patient outcomes. Telemedicine is one of the area where AI is utilized which will drastically contribute the healthcare system especially for underdeveloped and developing countries.
Recent advances in biological applications of mannich bases — An overview
Authors: Raju Senthil Kumar , Vengadhajalaphathy Priyadharshini , Sundaram Revathy , Periyasamy Sangeetha , Chinnaraj Thatchayani , Sekar Praveen
Published: April 2023

Mannich bases are beta-amino ketone-carrying compounds that are the end products of the Mannich reaction. The Mannich reaction is essential in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. The Mannich reaction, a nucleophilic addition reaction that forms carbon-carbon bonds, is employed in the synthesis of numerous natural products, drugs and other compounds. There are several aminoalkyl chain bearing Mannich bases with high curative value, such as fluoxetine, atropine, ethacrynic acid, trihexyphenidyl, and many others. According to the literature, Mannich bases are highly reactive and have been demonstrated to have powerful anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifilarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitubercular, analgesic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antipsychotic, antiviral, antilipase activity and other properties. The primary source of, -α,β-unsaturated ketone, which can be produced by deaminating the hydrogen atom of the amine group, is responsible for the biological action of Mannich bases. However, a number of minor biological functions of Mannich bases have been reported, including their ability to control blood pressure or prevent platelet aggregation, their impact on parasites and ulcers, and their use as medications for mental health issues. Since there is a greater need for anticonvulsant pharmaceuticals, these anticonvulsant medications containing N-mannich base groups will exhibit an increase in lipophilic nature and hence have improved blood-brain barrier penetration. The overview concludes with a brief explanation of the potential of Mannich bases as inhibitors of various enzymes or ligands for various receptors.
Optimum wheat productivity under integrated plant nutrient management is associated with improved root system and high nutrient efficiency
Authors: IRFAN Muhammad , SHAH Javaid Ahmed , ABBAS Muhammad , AKRAM Muhammad Ahmed , DEPAR Nizamuddin
Published: April 2023

Depleting soil fertility and low fertilizer efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils are serious issues worldwide creating an immediate threat to environment and food security. Integrated nutrient management (INM) can be a promising eco-friendly strategy for improving crop performance and resource efficiency to resolve these concerns. A field study was conducted to investigate the integrated effect of organic sources [farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 tons ha-1 and press mud (PM) @ 5 tons ha-1] along with various NPK rates [100, 75, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)] on root system, nutrient efficiency, and yield of wheat cultivar Kiran-95. Longest roots were measured in FYM + RDF50 while highest surface area and number of root tips were recorded in PM + RDF50 than RDF alone. However, maximum root volume and average root diameter was observed in PM + RDF100 and PM + RDF75, respectively compared with RDF only. PM + RDF100 considerably enhanced grain yield and related traits i.e., spike length, tillers count m-2 and 100-grain weight as compared to RDF only. Integration of PM and 100% RDF showed higher NPK uptake, than RDF alone. Recovery efficiency (RE) of NPK was calculated higher at lower fertilizer rates and vice versa. The sole application of RDF100 showed least RE of NPK whilst PM + RDF50 revealed higher RE of NPK. The results suggested that INM could be a sustainable approach to enhance wheat productivity and nutrient efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils. In addition, PM along with RDF100 NPK fertilizers proved superior in improving root traits and nutrient accumulation thereby increasing wheat grain yield.
Variability of major soil properties of a fallow-acidic-level upland with high and multiple spatial resolutions
Authors: BEGUM Mahmuda , HOSSAİN Md. Shahadat , AZİZ Md. Abdul , CHOUDHURY Md. Abdur Razzak , JAHAN Israt
Published: April 2023

Variation of the soil attributes of a land in an area is dependent on topography, time, climate, parent material, land use land cover, land management, distance and scale. This variation affects the representation of soil of a land in an area. The study aimed to assess the variations in the representation of major soil properties of a unique fallow-acidic-undisturbed-level upland in different spatial resolutions of soil sampling. A fallow and level upland of 1500 m2 as separately gridded with the spacing of 5mx5m, 10mx10m and 15mx15m and geo-referenced surface (0-20 cm) soil samples were collected from the corner of each grid. The collected soil samples were analyzed for texture (Tx), organic carbon (OC), pH, total N (TN), available P (AP), exchangeable K (exch K), available S (AS), available Fe (AFe), available Zn (AZn) and available Mn (AMn) in soil. Statistical and geospatial analyses of the dataset were done with the relevant softwares. For the nutrients TN, AP, AZn and AFe, coefficients of variation (CV) showed a trend of increment across high-medium-low spatial resolutions, and their variability ranked as AZn (mean CV=104.03%, great variation)>AFe (mean CV=41.67%, moderate variation)>AP (mean CV=20.32%, moderate variation)>TN (mean CV=4.92%, low variation) based on average CV of three spatial resolutions of sampling. In case of other soil attributes, no particular trend of increment or decrement was observed across the resolutions and their variability was moderate except for pH which had low variability. Their variability ordered as exch K (mean CV=35.17%)>AS (mean CV=34.98%)>SOC (mean CV=31.71%)>Tx (mean CV=31.17%)>AMn (mean CV=30.10%)>Soil pH (mean CV=6.96%). Rationale correlations were observed between some soil attributes (pH vs AZ, AFe, OC; Tx vs TN, AP; Exch K vs AZn vs AFe; OC vs Exch K, AZn, AFe) with different degrees of associations (r), and increased trend in r value was found across the resolutions of high-medium-low except for pH and Tx. Different spatially gradient structures of the ordinary krigged interpolated maps were observed for different soil properties and for different spatial resolutions. Quantitatively, calculated (from semivariograms) nugget effects of 0-100% indicated that spatial dependency of studied soil properties could be very strong to very weak. The heterogeneity of soil in the upland as revealed by our results would assist scientists or farm managers to use or compare scale-dependent soil data wisely and precisely.
Pharmacotherapy of small cell lung cancer: Current state-of-the-art
Authors: Berezhnova Tatyana A. , Lunyova Yelena A. , Dyadina Kseniya S. , Borisov Vladimir A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death in men and is closely related to smoking. The article focuses on the current statistics of this pathology in the world.

Materials and methods: The literature review was carried out using PubMed database and included articles published from 2006 to 2021. The current schemes of chemotherapy and diagnostic options of small cell lung cancer were analyzed. The mechanisms of drug action on tumor cells were considered. An analysis of the publication activity in PubMed database related to pharmacotherapy of small cell lung cancer allows reporting a twofold increase in the number of publications over the period from 2007 to 2017.

Results and discussion: A systematic review presenting staging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its radiation diagnostics has been conducted. As demonstrated, there are no current methods with proven effectiveness to early detect this pathology. However, it has been found that annual low-dose CT screenings helped detect a significant number of lung cancer cases at the early stage, although, the proportion of small cell carcinoma is still very high. Analyses of clinical outcomes of small cell lung cancer have showed that cisplatin/etoposide (EP) or carboplatin/etoposide (EC) appear to be the key combinations with high treatment efficacy. The article also discusses chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer, namely and the principle of its effect on tumor cells. However, this chemotherapy remains very toxic and causes a number of life-threatening side effects. It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of chemotherapy immediately after the start of treatment in order to balance benefits and risks.

Conclusion: The search is currently under way for less toxic but effective compounds, this fact being a crucial issue of healthcare in providing high-quality medical and pharmaceutical care for cancer patients. Chemotherapy of the pathology under study requires high costs; therefore, a pharmacoeconomical assessment of the prescription of chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer is necessary to compare the costs of treatment and its effectiveness

Graphical Abstract
Investigation of antiparkinsonian activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives on the experimental model of catalepsy
Authors: Dergachev Vladimir D. , Yakovleva Ekaterina E. , Brusina Maria A. , Bychkov Evgeny R. , Piotrovskiy Levon B. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: To study the antiparkinsonian activity of new ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex – 1,2–substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids – on an experimental model of catalepsy caused by haloperidolintraabdominal injections in rats.
Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g, obtained from the Rappolovo nursery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Leningrad Region). The animals were kept in standard plastic cages in vivarium conditions with free access to water and food at a temperature of 22±2 °C and in the experiment were divided into several groups (6 animals each). All the experiments were carried out in the autumn-winter period. The animals were kept in accordance with the rules of laboratory practice (GLP), regulatory documents ”Sanitary Rules for the Device, Equipment and Maintenance of Vivarium” and the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated 23.08.2010 No. 708n “On Approval of the Rules of Laboratory Practice”. Imidazole-dicarboxylic acid derivatives (IEM-2295, IEM-2296) were injected intraperitoneally at doses from 5 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg simultaneously with haloperidol at a dose of 1 mg/kg, after which the duration and severity of catalepsy were evaluated after 30, 60, 120 minutes from 0 to 6 points according to the Morpurgo method.
Results: The severity of catalepsy with the injection of IEM-2295 decreased on average to 3 points, while in the control group it remained at the level of 6 points throughout the observation. However, the severity of catalepsy with the introduction of IEM-2296 decreased to an average of 4 points, but the effect itself lasted longer than with the introduction of IEM-2295. Thus, it was noted that by the 120th minute of observation, the severity of catalepsy in rats receiving the IEM-2295 compound averaged 5 points, whereas in animals receiving IEM-2296 – 3 points.
Discussion: Basing on the results of our work and similar experiments, we can conclude that the studied compounds, which are not channel blockers, have an active effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission, because of which the symptoms of catalepsy that occur when haloperidol is injected to rats were stopped to one degree or another.
Conclusion: The studied substances exhibit antiparkinsonian activity on an experimental haloperidol model of catalepsy in rats and are promising for development as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Further study of these compounds and other ligands from the NMDA-blocker group in a wider sample on the catalepsy model, as well as on other models of Parkinsonism, is required.
Graphical Abstract
Analysis of the frequency of detection of hypercholesterolemia, carotid atherosclerosis and lipid-lowering therapy prescription in young adults under 45 years old according to the Duplex registry database
Authors: Gaisenok Oleg V.
Published: April 2023

Aim of the study to analyze the detection of hypercholesterolemia (HCHL) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), verified by duplex scanning of the carotid arteries (DSCA) in young adults (YA), and to evaluate the lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) prescription among them according to the local registry database.

Material and Methods: The Duplex registry database was used for this study (n=2548). YA up to 45 years old were selected for the final analysis (n=351).

Results: HCHL (> 5 mmol/L) was detected in 68.9% of patients (n=241), and only 9.5% of them received LLT (n=23). CAS was detected in 12.8% (n=45), only 17.8% of them had received LLT (n=8). Men and women differed 1.5 times by the incidence of CAS in this age range: 15.7% (30 out of 191) vs 9.4% (15 out of 160), p=0.05. Men also generally have a higher prevalence of other risk factors/diseases: HCHL (78.0% (n=149) vs 58.1% (n=93) in women, p=0.00004), hypertension (AH) (15.7% (n=30) vs 9.4% (n=15) in women, p=0,05), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (1,6% (n=3) vs 0% (n=0) in women, ns). Signs that had a significant impact on LLT intake were the following: CAS (OR 2.8 [1.09;6.6] p=0.036); AH (OR 3.1 [1.32; 7.16] p=0.009); HCHL (> 5 mmol/L) (OR 4.2 [1.12; 26.83] p=0.06); HCHL (ICD-10 code E78) (OR 5.4 [2.04; 13.7] p=0.0003); MI history (OR 22.3 [1.65;675.5] p=0.009).

Conclusion: The insufficient LLT prescription in young adults with HCHL and CAS was ascertained in the present study. The use of imaging methods to clarify the degree of cardiovascular risk is advisable for low and intermediate risk patients, which include young adults. DSСA is the main method for subclinical atherosclerosis verification. LLT should be prescribed to all YA patients with CAS (in the absence of contraindications).

Graphical Abstract
The endogenic neurosteroid system and its role in the pathogenesis and therapy of mental disorders
Authors: Bairamova Sakeena P. , Petelin Dmitry S. , Akhapkin Roman V. , Kudryashov Nikita V. , Sorokina Olga Yu. , Semin Sergey A. , Panfilova Veronika , Volel Beatrice A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Although neurosteroids have been relatively recently discovered, their significant role in the neurochemical processes and pathogenesis of a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders is now quite clear. First of all, it seems important to clarify the definition of the endogenous neurosteroids as a class of steroids, taking into account the variability of approaches to their description. Currently, neurosteroids include endogenous steroids synthesized in the central nervous system, gonads, or adrenal glands and interacting with GABAA, NMDA, and sigma-1 receptors.

Neurosteroid biosynthesis: Biosynthesis of neurosteroids begins with rate-limiting reaction of TSPO binding cholesterol and transporting it into the mitochondria, where pregnenolone is synthesized following the cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) impact.

Interaction with GABAА, NMDA and sigma-1 receptors: According to the experimental data, neurosteroids act as the most highly potent endogenous allosteric modulators of the GABA receptor; some types of neurosteroids (ALLO, DHEA, etc.) can produce a rapid anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effect. There is some experimental evidence for antipsychotic effects of some neurosteroids realized through NMDA receptors: intracerebral administration of ALLO to laboratory animals can prevent further appearance of motor agitation and other equivalents of psychosis after administration of high doses of amphetamines. It has also been proven in several studies on animal models that neurosteroids exhibit anxiolytic effects through sigma-1 receptors.

Conclusion: The article describes the process of neurosteroidogenesis and the effect of neurosteroids on listed receptorsin accordance with already available scientific data. In addition, this paper describes the specific role of various neurosteroids in the development of mental illnesses, including anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia

Graphical Abstract
Should encountering atypia of undetermined significance / follicular lesion of undetermined significance after thyroid biopsy lead to the operation?
Authors: ÇELEBİ Bilgin , TAŞDELEN Halil Afşin , KURNAZ Eray
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Nodular goiter is the most common disease of the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are malignant in 3-5% cases. To determine the incidence of malignancy in patients defined as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) as a result of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and evaluate the clinical, biochemical and sonographic features as possible predictors of malignancy.
Methods: Patients who had undergone at least one FNAB and diagnosed as AUS/FLUS from January 2011 to December 2015 were included in the study. Age, gender, benign disease, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, size, localization, number, time of FNAB, ultrasonography (USG) characteristics, follow-up data on repeated FNAB results and, if surgical excision was performed, final pathological results were analyzed.
Results: A total of 5181 thyroid nodules were biopsied in 4089 patients, and the biopsy specimen taken from 611 nodules was diagnosed histopathologically as AUS/FLUS (11.79%). After FNAB, 167 of 611 patients diagnosed with AUS/FLUS were operated. While 65.9% (n = 110) of 167 patients who underwent surgery were made a benign diagnosis; malign diagnosis was made to 34.1% (n = 57).
Conclusions: The rate of malignancy in surgically confirmed nodules was 34.1% in this study, which is higher than the Bethesda classification. Due to the high malignancy rate which determined in cytologically diagnosed AUS/FLUS, we think that the repeat decision of the FNAB should be reconsidered and the surgical plan after the first FNAB should be considered more seriously.