bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Factors of Terrorist Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sumernikov Elijah , Ufimtsev Andrey , Slav Maxim , Korotayev Andrey
Published: May 2024

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the number of empirical studies devoted to the analysis of factors influencing the risks of terrorist activity has grown significantly. At the same time, assessments of the influence of individual factors may differ in various studies, due to which there is a need for a generalizing work that will consider the key results of the studies. The last generalizing works were published in English in 2011. Since then, a large number of works have appeared that clarify the influence of various determinants of terrorism. This study presents an analysis of the results of quantitative studies of factors influencing terrorist activity. As part of the study, 75 papers published in 2011–2022 have been analyzed. The most widely studied determinants of terrorism can be divided into three groups: political, social and economic. A total of 53 factors were identified, the statistical significance of which was demonstrated in at least two studies. Studies of the factors of terrorist destabilization of the last ten years have yielded the following main results. They have shown that countries with a hybrid political regime (anocracy), in a state of internal or external conflict, with a weak central government (for example, “fragile” or “failed” states), with an intermediate level of socio-economic development (i.e. with intermediate levels of GDP per capita, urbanization and education) have the greatest risks of terrorist destabilization, although in recent years the zone of greatest risk of terrorist activity has shifted somewhat towards the socio-economically least developed countries. In addition, these states are characterized by low rates of economic growth, high inflation, large amounts of foreign financial aid, high levels of inequality, a fairly large population, pronounced discrimination against minorities, as well as high levels of repression and terrorist activity in previous years.
Racial Profiling as a Form of Surveillance and Securitizing Practice
Authors: Grigor’eva Kseniya
Published: May 2024

Racial profiling research is a relatively new, dynamically developing field of knowledge, attracting the growing attention of the scientific community. However, the development of this area is associated with a number of theoretical and methodological problems. In addition to the difficulty of reliably establishing the racial imbalance itself in the law enforcement system using the currently existing methodological approaches, there is the problem of insufficient theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Criminal justice studies, which traditionally include the study of racial profiling, are not very rich in theoretical approaches. As a rule, they focus on the discrepancy between legally established norms and real practices, and are more descriptive than analytical. In addition, focusing exclusively on the work of the police unnecessarily narrows the research field, leaving behind the scenes actors who are actively involved in the initiation and implementation of racial profiling, but are not directly related to the security field. This article attempts to place the issue of racial profiling within the broader context of the study of surveillance and securitization, using a case study of special controls on people from the Caucasus, Central Asia, Ukraine, and Roma in Russia.
Use of water resources and sustainability with concepts, definitions and examples
Authors: Veysel Aslan
Published: May 2024

Water is a vital resource for all living things (people, ecosystems, economic development, energy production, national security). Coordination and harmony in spatial and intersectoral planning and decision-making processes can be achieved through the rational and sustainable use of water resources. Protection and sustainable use of water resources is extremely important. Nowadays, problems such as drought and water pollution arise due to global warming and increasing environmental pollution. This situation reduces drinking water resources. Serious measures need to be taken worldwide to ensure the continuity of life protect water resources from drought and keep them clean. Techniques used to evaluate the potential of water resources, which have become increasingly important in recent years, and to create conscious use of water resources, require effective data systems. Currently used systems do not represent very large areas. For this reason, it is necessary to develop representative methods by integrating the data received from ground stations and the parameters of remote sensing techniques. Many extensions of the programs, which are widely used in the world and evaluated using Geographic Information System (GIS) supported Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods in database studies for the use of water resources, are extremely useful for basin modeling. The purpose of this study; It is a study on the potential of GIS-based multivariate statistics for evaluating the use and sustainability of water resources and the use of water stored in a geographical database.
The Construction of the Pedagogical Space from the Narratives of the Early Childhood Education Teachers
Authors: Giner-Gomis Antonio , Iglesias-Martínez Marcos Jesús , Lozano-Cabezas Inés
Published: May 2024

Environments or learning spaces in school classrooms contribute to the improvement of educational processes. Specifically, in the Early Childhood Education, teachers can design learning spaces, which fosters an environment of safety and autonomy for the students of the Early Childhood Education. This study explores the teachers' narratives concerning the meanings they assign to the school space, the criteria by which they design and transform it, and its connection to model of educational. We have collected 34 stories of pre-primary education teachers through a semi-structured interview in which they had to reflect on this pedagogical design. As most relevant result we identify a model sustained under constructivist or cognitive criteria, rather than a dialogical one. We conclude that this epistemological perspective of the construction of the school environment should be oriented towards a more participatory and co-constructed model of the educational space.
Organizational Identity Management Policies
Authors: Rieger Alexander ,   University of Arkansas, Roth Tamara ,   University of Arkansas, Sedlmeir Johannes ,   University of Luxembourg, Fridgen Gilbert ,   University of Luxembourg, Young Amber ,   University of Arkansas
Published: May 2024

Effective identity management is essential for secure organizational processes, but organizations often do not approach it strategically. To break this trajectory, organizational policymakers need to define a clear and sustainable identity management strategy. This paper presents an overview and guidelines to help shape such strategy. It analyzes the key characteristics and trade-offs of today’s identity management models. Moreover, it offers practical recommendations for organizational policymakers when choosing among these models.
Features of pain sensitivity during premedication with xenon in patients before outpatient dental interventions
Authors: Shugailov Igor A. , Moskovets Oleg N. , Sergeeva Julia I. , Drobyshev Alexey Y. , Chausskaja Irina Y.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Premedication in outpatient dental interventions normalizes pain sensitivity and emotional state of patients. Inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixture can be an effective means for it.
AIM: To study the effect of xenon premedication on pain sensitivity in patients with outpatient dental interventions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were studied. Emotional and personal characteristics of patients were determined using the Eysenck test, Spielberger–Khanin personal anxiety scale, and hospital scale of anxiety and depression. Pain sensitivity was assessed using pain thresholds and somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain before and after inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixture at a concentration of 30/70 for 3 minutes.
RESULTS: According to the results of psychological testing, all examined patients were characterized by a stable psychological sphere and predominantly lowered anxiety and constituted a group with insignificantly different emotional and personal characteristics. Before inhalation, pain sensitivity in patients varied significantly. After inhalation, multidirectional changes in pain sensitivity occurred, which were expressed in a decrease and an increase in pain sensitivity thresholds and the degree of activation of brain structures.
CONCLUSION: Preoperative stress can both exacerbate and reduce pain sensitivity in patients. The use of inhalation of a xenon-oxygen mixture at a concentration of 30/70 for 3 minutes as a premedication causes multidirectional changes in the sensitivity of tissues and organs in the maxillofacial region in patients before outpatient dental interventions, which may be caused by a change in the activity of endogenous antinociceptive (analgesic) system.
Assessment of periodontal tissue condition in adult residents of Arkhangelsk
Authors: Popov Vyacheslav A. , Strelnikova Ekaterina V. , Gorbatova Maria A. , Gorbatova Lubov N. , Kudryavtsev Alexander V.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases is a serious public health problem, as they are widespread worldwide and are not fully understood; thus, the relationship between age and sex characteristics and the state of periodontal tissues should be studied.
AIM: To study qualitative and quantitative signs of periodontal diseases in adults in Arkhangelsk, Russia, according to the 2021 ESSE-RF3 data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2021 in conjunction with data collection for the multicenter ESSE-RF3 study in the Arkhangelsk region. The examination of periodontal tissues of the participants, who were divided into age groups 35–44, 45–64, and 65–74 years old, was conducted in six sextants according to WHO criteria. The prevalence of signs of periodontal diseases was represented as fractions with 95% CI and intensity as an arithmetic mean with 95% CI. Ordinal categorical and continuous variables were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis criterion. The Mann–Whitney criterion with Bonferroni correction was used for a posteriori comparisons.
RESULTS: This study included 1631 individuals (women, 932; men, 699) with an average age of 55.3 years. The prevalence of periodontal diseases at the age of 35–74 years was 90.6% (95% CI: 89.1–91.9), and the intensity was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.67–2.83). The intensity of signs of periodontal disease was higher in men (2.92) than in women (2.62). Men had a higher average number of sextants with bleeding (1.53 vs 1.14), mineralized dental deposits (1.20 vs 0.89), periodontal pockets (1.25 vs 0.98), and removed teeth (2.46 vs 2.14). The highest intensity was at the age of 45–64 years, in men (3.12) and women (2.75, significantly higher in men (p=0.002). Furthermore, the significant differences in the indicators of VZP between men and women were at the age of 45–64 years: bleeding (1.59 vs 1.17), mineralized dental deposits (1.25 vs 0.89), and periodontal pockets (1.38 vs 1.06). In the 65–74 years age group, no significant differences were found in the signs of periodontal diseases between men and women.
CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease prevalence in adults in Arkhangelsk reached 90%. At age 45–64 years, the intensity of signs of VZD is highest, with higher rates of periodontal disease in men, and at age 65–74 years, the difference in indicators is leveled. The study results establishes the creation of a system of preventive measures for periodontal diseases in adults in the Arkhangelsk region.
Analysis of the composition of microbiota of the oral mucosa and recurrent aphthae
Authors: Akmalova Guzel M. , Galeev Ruslan V. , Gimranova Irina A. , Mannapova Guzel R.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common disease of the oral mucosa. One of the most substantiated theories of the occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the role of immunobacterial mechanisms.
AIM: To study the composition of the microbiota of the oral mucosa and recurrent aphthae in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five children with aphthous stomatitis aged 7–14 years were examined. The patients underwent a microbiological study of the microbiota from the lesion (aphtha) and unaffected oral mucosa.
RESULTS: Fifteen types of microorganisms, represented by aerobes and anaerobes, were identified. Streptococcus significantly enriches the microbiota of the oral mucosa, and Streptococcus, E. сoli, and S. epidermidis significantly enrich the microbiota of the aphthae. Additionally, the number of yeast-like cells of the genus Candida in the lesions significantly increased (7.13±2.68 lg CFU/ml). In children, the surface of the aphthae had increased S. mutans (5.47±1.83 lg CFU/ml) compared to the oral mucosa, where the number was 2.35±0.12 lg CFU/ml, with an incidence of 93 and 100%, respectively. S. sanguinis was found equally in both groups (100%), the amount of infestation of which did not differ significantly. S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were found in 93 and 18% of cases, respectively, only in aphthae, and the number was significantly high (p 0.001) at 5.13±1.68 and 4.13±1.38 lg CFU/ml, respectively, than on oral mucosa.
CONCLUSION: A change in the microflora in the oral cavity was established in all children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis — a decrease in the lesions (aphthae) in the representatives of Streptococcus in bacterial communities, Lactobacillus with an increase in the number of yeast-like cells of the genus Candida and the appearance in the biocenosis from the surface of aphthous ulcers S. aureus, E. coli and S. epidermidis. Streptococcus significantly prevails in the oral mucosa, and Streptococcus, E. coli, and S. epidermidis colonize the aphthae.
Chronic social defeat stress and glucocorticoid regulation in brain regions: resistance or hypersensitivity?
Authors: Bondar N. P. , Kisaretova P. E. , Reshetnikov V. V. , Shulyupova A. S. , Ryabushkina Yu. A. , Salman R.
Published: May 2024

Chronic social stress causes various psychopathologies and is frequently associated with alterations in the HPA axis function. The heightened glucocorticoid hormone levels in the bloodstream instigate an acute bodily response, which fades over time, even with continued glucocorticoid stimulation. It is known that the resistance to elevated hormone levels can affect the effectiveness of therapy in the treatment of stress-induced psychopathologies. Resistance to elevated hormone levels can impact the effectiveness of therapy for stress-induced psychopathologies. To understand the molecular basis of glucocorticoid resistance, we examined the effect of chronic social defeat stress on the transcriptome of two brain regions — the prefrontal cortex and the dorsal raphe nuclei — using an experimental model of depression.
We assessed gene expression levels in C57BL/6 control mice and mice subjected to 30 days of stress, both under basal conditions and following additional stimulation with dexamethasone. The administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) allowed for simulation of the upregulation of glucocorticoids and activation of the glucocorticoid receptor. The results indicate that chronic stress induces gene resistance to glucocorticoid hormones in only 15% of prefrontal cortex genes and 25% of raphe nuclei genes. In stressed animals, there was no response to dexamethasone stimulation, whereas controls showed a reaction. For 66% of the genes in the prefrontal cortex and 40% of the genes in the dorsal raphe nuclei, the response to dexamethasone exhibited a greater intensity in the stressed group as compared to the control group. This set of genes comprises genes linked to immune responses, monoamine conveyance, and synapse establishment. Under stress conditions, as opposed to controls, anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, as well as genes connected to the growth of B- and T-lymphocytes, are downregulated in response to dexamethasone treatment. Furthermore, chronic stress exposure heightens the sensitivity of serotonergic receptor genes Htr1a and Htr5a to dexamethasone. The Htr1a gene exhibited a region-specific response to dexamethasone in stressed animals. Specifically, the expression of the gene increased in response to dexamethasone in the prefrontal cortex, while it decreased in the dorsal raphe nuclei. Additionally, the sensitivity of genes involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes changed in the dorsal raphe nuclei of stressed animals.
Thus, our data demonstrate that chronic social defeat stress induces resistance and heightened sensitivity to to glucocorticoid activation, resulting in the development of depression.
Developing and testing a method of remotely improving younger students executive functions, volitional attention and auditory memory
Authors: Tomenko T. R. , Bogdanova M. A.
Published: May 2024

During primary school age, children undergo a quick progression of voluntary actions that indicate cognitive predictors for academic triumph [1]. Modern research indicates that the effectiveness of educational activities heavily relies on the development of working memory, cognitive flexibility, and self-control, all of which are closely associated with brain control functions. Additionally, the level of auditory-speech memory development has a direct influence on reading skills development and the ability to articulate and convey thoughts [2, 3]. According to various sources, between 15 to 40% of schoolchildren in primary grades fall behind, which can cause significant long-term cognitive and social difficulties and lead to various psychosocial consequences. Thus, the importance of taking preventive measures for developing these functions in primary school has increased to prevent the formation of mental defects, which are major factors in a child‘s maladaptation in society.
The current study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the author‘s remote program “Kind Elephant” in improving the auditory-speech memory, voluntary attention, and control functions of younger elementary school students.
The program is designed to complete a range of tasks over a seven-week period, following standardized methods while also accounting for the neurodynamic parameters of children in this age group.
Seventy-six students between the ages of 7 and 9, in grades 1 and 2, were enrolled in the study. Of these, 44 completed the Kind Elephant development program, while the remaining 32 participants served as the control group.
With the assistance of the auditory-speech test and computer techniques, data was obtained on the development of control functions, voluntary attention, and auditory-speech memory in schoolchildren in two sections that were seven weeks apart. The techniques used were Analysis of Sentence Understanding, Bourdon‘s Proof-Reading Test, Hands-Legs-Head, and Understanding of Similar Sounding Words [4]. To investigate the assessment of children‘s programming and control functions, parents completed a BRIEF questionnaire (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) before and after the study [5]. An analysis was conducted to determine the significance of differences in indicators between the two groups‘ results.
This study demonstrates the potential for remote development techniques to enhance the ability to regulate behavior, maintain focus on specific activities, reduce fatigue, increase productivity, and improve auditory-speech memory volume.
Thus, younger schoolchildren‘s cognitive development can occur remotely, resolving access challenges for parents and enabling more children to keep pace with peers and thrive in social contexts. The authors maintain that using technology within reasonable limits can be acceptable for children‘s daily life if tailored to their mental maturation.
The fate of iPSCs-derived low immunogenic dopaminergic neuron precursors after transplantation into the striatum of rats with 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonism
Authors: Voronkov D. M. , Lebedeva O. S. , Stavrovskaya A. V. , Bogomiakova M. E. , Olshanskiy A. S. , Kopylova I. V. , Gushchina A. S. , Simonova A. V. , Ruchko E. S. , Illarioshkin S. N. , Eremeev A. V. , Lagarkova M. A.
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease arises from the demise of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra resulting from both environmental and hereditary factors. Drug interventions can solely delay disease progression, but cannot provide a cure. Therefore, cell replacement therapy may represent a promising treatment approach. Although the United States has already employed this technology, independent clinical and preclinical trials are mandatory for its inclusion in Russia. The iPSC technology enables the acquisition of personalized iPSC lines for each patient, nearly eradicating the immune response. While autologous cell therapy is theoretically ideal, the reprogramming of patient cells into iPSCs and subsequent differentiation for each patient incurs time and cost. Alternatively, differentiated derivatives of low immunogenic iPSCs, lacking HLA class I expression, can serve as a substitute. These cells evade the T-cell immune response, but other minor HLAs and cells from the innate immune system, like macrophages and NK cells, could still participate in the immune response’s development, although not as potent as in allogeneic transplantation. While these cell products don’t escape the immune response entirely, they lessen it significantly, potentially enabling the use of less severe immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, a protocol previously established in the cell biology laboratory was used to differentiate iPSCs lacking HLA class I expression and wild-type iPSCs into midbrain dopaminergic neuron precursors. A thorough analysis of the forerunners was performed and demonstrated appropriate patterning. The progenitors were then implanted into the brains of rats with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism and followed for 6 months to compare their in vivo differentiation to standard differentiation in vitro. In addition, the systemic inflammatory response of the animals to the transplantation and the biodistribution of the injected cells were investigated. The literature inadequately addresses the question of which cells, other than dopaminergic neurons, differentiate during in vivo graft differentiation and potentially cause side effects in cell therapy. The literature suggests that only approximately 3% of transplanted cells differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, which is adequate to improve motor function in model animals. We found that a significant proportion of the progenitors differentiate into glial cells. The dynamics of maturation of transplanted neurons was evaluated. Thus, we approached preclinical testing of the cell product after having characterized in detail the dynamics of maturation and the composition of the graft. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro differentiation will allow evaluation of the quality of cellular material for transplantation.
Study of the influence of ionizing radiation on the scattering properties of the brain white matter
Authors: Achkasova K. A. , Kuhnina L. S. , Moiseev A. A. , Bogomolova A. Yu. , Gladkova N. D.
Published: May 2024

Radiation therapy is a vital part of combined treatment for brain neoplasms. In order to enhance treatment effectiveness during irradiation, ionizing radiation is used to expose both the tumor and nearby tissues. This leads to pathological changes within the surrounding brain tissues, particularly affecting the white matter [1]. This can create challenges when attempting to differentiate between tumor and normal brain tissues during surgical resection, ultimately resulting in potential postoperative complications. Therefore, the development of novel techniques for identifying white matter alterations caused by radiation therapy during surgical procedures is required.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of ionizing radiation on the scattering characteristics of the brain’s white matter and assess the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify potential changes.
The study analyzed ex vivo rat brain samples, examining a control group and a group exposed to ionizing radiation at a 15 Gy dose to the right hemisphere. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized at seven different times throughout the study (2–14 weeks). An OCT study and an immunohistochemical study of the frontal sections of the brain followed. The attenuation coefficient was calculated and en-face color-coded optical maps were constructed to quantitatively process OCT data. The corpus callosum was selected as the region of interest.
As a result of the study, acute changes in the white matter were observed 2 weeks after irradiation, along with early delayed changes occurring at 6 and 12 weeks post-irradiation. These changes were characterized by reversible edema of the corpus callosum. Two weeks after irradiation, a moderate edema only occurred in the irradiated hemisphere. However, at 6 and 12 weeks, edema was also present in the contralateral hemisphere, with significant severity, indicating the spread of the process along myelinated nerve fibers. The analysis of OCT data showed changes in the attenuation coefficient values. We observed statistically significant reductions in the attenuation coefficient values at all time points with edema of the corpus callosum in different brain hemispheres compared to the control group (p 0.05).
During this study, the corpus callosum demonstrated structural changes from ionizing radiation exposure. These changes were identified by a reduction in its scattering properties, which can be observed using OCT.
The role of mirror system in influencing the valence evaluation of words: a TMS study
Authors: Behera S. K. , Nieto Doval C. M. , Lyusin D.  V. , Feurra M.
Published: May 2024

The mirror neuron system (MNS) has been a captivating area of research since its discovery in macaque monkeys [1]. Researchers have established the role and presence of the human auditory mirror system in both empathy [2] and musical creativity [3]. As well, the mirror system allows to learn new behaviors by observation, facilitating knowledge acquisition and action understanding. In addition, research has indicated the influence of stimulus valence on the human MNS [4]. The human brain is sensitive to the positive valence of words, and this reactivity may vary with the strength of the valence compared to negative words. Additionally, it can perceive differences in valence for negative stimuli and words. However, what about emotional words that are auditory? Do these words’ valence, whether positive, negative, or neutral, impact auditory mirror neurons and cortical excitability? The study examines how auditory words of different valences affect the MNS and cortical activity. This novel approach uses auditory stimuli to examine the role of mirror neurons in neuromodulation through a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, which has not been done in previous investigations. The results of this study suggest that both positive and negative words will induce greater excitability [4], as evidenced by motor evoked potentials. The results of this study will have broad applications. Firstly, it will offer a new contribution to the investigation of mirror neurons through TMS protocol. Secondly, inferences can be drawn and applied in the field of therapeutics, where language is used as a tool to mediate the process. In general, it will increase personal awareness of language in daily communication, leading to an enhanced communication process. Furthermore, the study’s findings imply the existence of auditory mirror neurons and their pivotal role in comprehending the emotional valence of different words, thereby influencing our feelings. This will advance our understanding of the human brain and empower us to make informed decisions.
The study is being conducted with the HSE Automated system for non-invasive brain stimulation, which allows for simultaneous recording of brain activity and eye movement.
Development of a microelectrode for simultaneous in vivo calcium and electrophysiological recording of hippocampal neuronal activity
Authors: Erofeev A. I. , Vinokurov E. K. , Vlasova O. L. , Bezprozvannyi I. B.
Published: May 2024

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging is a commonly utilized neuroscience technique for in vivo recording of neuronal activity. It involves the optical measurement of calcium concentration using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI) [1]. However, the kinetics of changes in the fluorescence of GECI are relatively slow and limited by the biophysics of the calcium binding [2]. In response to single action potentials (APs) in pyramidal neurons, most of the widely used GECI have a fluorescence half-life of approximately 100 ms [3]. As a result, GECI cannot provide complete information about the dynamics of neural ensembles. To address this issue, new variants of GECI, such as jGCaMP7 [3], and jGCaMP8 [4], have been developed, or genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVI), such as JEDI-2P [5], have been utilized. However, the speed of GECI or GEVI is still lower than that of electrophysiological registration methods. Thus, we have designed a microelectrode that can be utilized with a gradient lens for in vivo calcium imaging with a miniscope.
The miniscope is a miniature microscope for single photon epifluorescence Ca2+ imaging, which enables recording of neuronal activity in freely moving laboratory animals, unlike the traditionally used two-photon imaging technique. The miniscope utilizes gradient-index (GRIN) lenses that are implanted directly into the brain of a laboratory animal, instead of a conventional lens. The gradient lens is a transparent cylinder with a diameter of 1.8 mm and a length of 3.8 mm. To facilitate electrophysiological recording, we developed a microelectrode that can be aligned with a GRIN lens.
The microelectrode is a three-layer structure consisting of: 1) a polyimide film, 2) conductive copper tracks deposited through thermoforming, and 3) a polyimide film with cutouts for pads. On one side of the microelectrode, there are 12 gold-plated conductive contacts for registering local field potentials, while on the other side, a similar number of conductive tracks are present for connecting to a connector that transmits data to the processing board. The flexible microelectrode is wrapped around a gradient lens and fixed using thermoforming, after which it is implanted in the animal's brain.
Using the developed microelectrode, our aim is to perform a comparative analysis of the calcium and electrophysiological activity of hippocampal neurons in freely moving wild-type mice and in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. This study will enable the identification of any abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease at the level of neural ensembles and may suggest new treatment approaches or mechanisms for the development of the progressive memory loss pathology associated with this disease. We would like to express our gratitude to Anastasia Viktorovna Bolshakova for her administrative assistance, and to the staff of the Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration for their invaluable help and advices.
Model of cognitive activity of the human brain based on the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics
Authors: Petukhov A. Y. , Petukhov Yu. V.
Published: May 2024

Describing the transmission and processing of information by an individual is a fundamental issue in modern cognitive science. Previously, unique scientific models for information transfer between individuals [1], as well as models for cognitive activity [2], were developed. However, numerous presented models lack scalability and formalization, hindering their ability to provide a comprehensive explanation for information transfer processes and their distortion due to interaction with the external communicative environment.
One aspect of human cognitive activity is that individuals think not based on a code, as a computer does, but through the interaction of various mental images. Despite the fact that these images have a specific material foundation in the form of electrical and chemical activity in the human brain, describing them using conventional mathematical models presents several difficulties [3].
Therefore, this paper suggests novel techniques for describing information images/representations’ functioning, which simulate an individual’s cognitive activity. These methods rely on the mathematical models of self-oscillatory and conventional quantum physics (including potential wells and virtual particles conventionally used in the physical domain) for characterizing basic interactions [4]. The authors adopt a phenomenological perspective and do not regard cognitive systems as quantum.
The aim of this study ject is to establish a model for cognitive function in the human brain using the mathematical principles of self-oscillating quantum mechanics from the perspective of information imaging and representation.
Methods. The theory proposes [5] that information images/representations (IR) share characteristic properties with virtual Feymann particles and other elementary particles. The human mind is presented as a one-dimensional potential well with finite walls of varying sizes and an internal potential barrier that simulates the boundary between consciousness and subconsciousness. The authors have applied parametrization based on this theory.
As a result, we propose the foundations of the mathematical apparatus based on classical quantum mechanics, followed by the mathematical apparatus of self-oscillating quantum mechanics. The latter, though little known, may allow to predict certain cognitive functions of the human brain by modifying and applying it to non-quantum settings. An equation is derived for the state function of the information image of an individual engaging in cognitive activity.
Primary calculations were conducted on the state functions of information images using a computer model. The movement patterns of the information image within and outside were then deduced.
Neuroelectronics as neuromorphic and neurohybryd systems enabled by memristive technology
Authors: Mikhaylov A. N.
Published: May 2024

Due to its distinctive capability to replicate vital functions of synapses and neurons, memristive devices and arrays enable both the hardware implementation of neural networks and a significant advancement towards integrating artificial electronic and biological systems to address pressing issues in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and medicine. This research area is still nascent and can be viewed as part of the broader field of neuroelectronics. The aforementioned is a fusion of analog and digital solutions used for diverse computational tasks inspired by biology. Notably, analog neuromorphic systems that employ memristive components are distinctive features of this arena and they can significantly enhance throughput and energy efficiency in contrast to existing AI accelerators. Designing neuromorphic systems grounded on this fresh component base mandates coordinated and interdisciplinary research and development. The foundation of this scientific and technological field lies in the cross-cutting technology of memristive devices and circuits. This technology enables the development of a novel brain-like information and computing system infrastructure that can be applied in a diverse range of fields. Current perspectives include the seamless integration of memristive devices and arrays with CMOS circuits, and the co-optimization of materials, devices, and architectures to create prototypes for computing and information systems. These systems replicate computational features present in biological neural networks capable of solving cognitive tasks that are typically either intractable by traditional AI or highly time-consuming. Neuroelectronic solutions can integrate with the brain or living neuronal cultures to form neurohybrid systems. In this presentation, we discuss two distinct strategies for connecting memristive systems with biological neural networks both in vitro and in vivo. These include a perceptron using an array of programmable memristive weights represented by metal-oxide resistive-switching devices and a methodology leveraging memristive stochastic plasticity and neural synchrony, which is part of the brain’s spiking architecture. Finally, the concept of a memristive neurohybrid chip is presented to create a compact, multifunctional, bidirectional interface between biological neural networks and memristive electronics, combined with microelectrode and microfluidic systems on a single chip. The technological advancements in component base and the development of memristor-based neuroelectronic systems will diversify hardware for the continuous evolution and mass application of artificial intelligence technologies. This will enable the creation of hybrid intelligence based on the symbiosis of artificial and biological neural networks and allow for the establishment of novel tasks at an unprecedented level.
Solid tumors’ metastasis mechanisms into the brain
Authors: Sklyar Sofia S. , Safarov Bobir I. , Trashkov Alexandr P. , Zorina Ekaterina Yu. , Konova Aleksandra M. , Kushnirova Victoria S. , Kukanov Konstantin K. , Nechaeva Anastasiia S. , Olyushin Victor E. , Samochernykh Konstantin A. , Vasiliev Andrei G. , Vasilieva Anna V.
Published: May 2024

The engineering and introduction into clinical practice of innovative methods of therapy patients with malignant tumors over the past two decades has certainly led to a significant increase in survival, which does not imply a “cure”, but the fact that more and more patients will live to the stage of metastasis to the central nervous system. The data obtained during diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in recent years indicates a tendency to increase the number of cases of secondary brain damage in patients with various oncopathologies. Metastasis in the central nervous system is an actual problem due to the fact that the annual survival rate remains very low even with specific antitumor therapy (20 %). The study of the mechanisms of metastasis in the central nervous system is a key factor in the development of new effective approaches to the treatment of patients with this pathology, and, as a result, will lead to an improvement in the prognosis in this group of patients. Due to the analysis of the scientific literature on this issue, we have formulated and presented a modern understanding of the processes occurring in secondary brain damage. Special attention is devoted to organotropism, the mechanism of escape of metastatic cells from the immune system of the central nervous system and interaction with nerve cells, as well as the features of the extracellular matrix of the metastasis. Promising treatment methods being developed are presented.
Use of non-invasive mesodiencephalic brain modulation for enhancing stress resistance in athletes
Authors: Gornov Sergey V. , Medvedev Dmitrii S. , Polyakova Victoria O.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: During many years of intensive training, professional athletes may experience manifestations of stress due to significant physical and emotional stress, which require corrective measures.
AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of mesodiencephalic modulation of the brain to increase stress resistance in athletes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, in which 57 athletes of complex coordination sports took part, of which 42 were girls and 15 were young men, the average age of the subjects was 18 ± 5,4 years. Two groups were formed: main (n = 35) and control (n = 22). To assess the functional capabilities of the body, all subjects included in the study were assessed for nonspecific adaptation responses by the percentage of lymphocytes and the ratio of leukogram elements in peripheral blood, and the level of adaptation and anxiety was assessed using structured questionnaires. Athletes of the main group (n = 35) underwent a course of mesodiencephalic modulation of the brain.
RESULTS: The increase in adaptation capabilities in the control group was due to an increase in the frequency of the increased activation reaction, and in the main group — a calm activation reaction, which, in the presence of stress, is a more favorable adaptation state.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of non-invasive mesodiencephalic modulation of the brain to increase stress resistance in athletes is advisable. Course of mesodiencephalic modulation of brain by cycle consisting of 10 procedures, duration 30 min, average intensity — 1.19 mA, allows to reduce level of psychoemotional tension, to improve general well-being, to increase speed of recovery processes after training. The course of mesodiencephalic modulation contributed to an increase in the adaptation capabilities of the body of athletes.
Constraining Parameter Uncertainties in the Coulomb Rate–State Approach: A Case Study of Seismicity in the Longmenshan Region after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
Authors: Feng Yashan , Xiong Neng , Shan Bin , Wang Rongjiang , Xiong Xiong
Published: May 2024

The rate–state frictional law, coupled with the Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS), is one of the most popular physics-based models to forecast seismicity rate changes following a major earthquake. However, its effectiveness is hampered by parameter uncertainties. To seek possible solutions for such uncertainties, this article carried out retrospective forecasts of the decade-long seismicity in the Longmenshan region, China, after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, and proposed methods to constrain parameter uncertainties. First, we derived spatially variable ta and Aσ from fault-slip rates. This method not only provides observational constraints for these two parameters but also reflects spatial variations of fault rate–state properties. Second, although both complete and declustered background catalogs are common in Coulomb rate–state forecasts, this study demonstrated that declustering avoids false alerts of seismicity rate increase that resulted from temporary seismicity fluctuations in the background catalog. Finally, we extended the model from its typical application based on a stress step (the coseismic stress change) to a calculation that allows a more complex stress evolution (the postseismic viscoelastic stress change). With these methods to constrain parameter uncertainties, we are able to obtain more reliable forecasts.
Screening to Improve Social Determinants of Health in Pediatrics
Authors:   , Wilson Sarah L , Zuzelo Patti R
Published: May 2024

The Health Leads screening tool was used to identify social needs within a pediatric intensive care unit. The tool was tested over a period of three weeks. Eligibility for inclusion to be screened was based on hospital admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Patients were screened weekly. Thirty-four screenings were completed, twenty-four of which were first time screenings, eight were second screenings and two were third screenings. Identified needs were relayed to the unit social worker. Healthcare access, literacy, food insecurity, childcare, utilities and housing needs were identified in this study. Additional needs identified outside of the screening tool included: need for education, questions concerning health insurance, sibling support, outstanding medical bills, visitation polices, work absence forms and receiving ongoing nutrition stipends while breast feeding. The tool was found to be useful. All four surveyors commented that the tool was useful for identifying social needs. The screening process used in this intervention to screen families is unsustainable. The Health Leads screening tool is useful. Future recommendations to engage bedside nurses to screen families may provide a more sustainable process.
Embracing Motion, Embodying Freedom
Authors:   , Haigh Victoria R. , Goodill Sherry W.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this project was to cultivate a developmentally appropriate movement-based approach to support adolescents with chronic pain. Relevant literature was reviewed in order to support the development of an informed practice approach. The literature review included articles and research studies that examined chronic pain, early adolescent psychosocial development, current standard treatment methodologies, and the therapeutic factors of dance/movement-based practices. This knowledge was then synthesized and integrated into clinical practice within a pediatric medical setting. Case vignettes are discussed to explore the interconnections between the key concepts and principles from the literature and their applications. The project concludes with reflections on the implementation of this informed-practice approach and offers suggestions for future research.
Chlorhexidine cleansing to reduce Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Cardiac Care Unit
Authors:   , Conti Deena T , Osborne Barbara Ruth
Published: May 2024

Background: Patients acquire 600,000 Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) per year, resulting in approximately 13,000 deaths. The cost of a CAUTI is typically $600 per patient and can increase to approximately $2800 per patient if a patient's condition worsens. Objective: Critically ill patients are at an increased risk of acquiring CAUTIs and have an increased urinary catheter dwell time, the single largest risk factor for CAUTI. A literature search was performed to examine if a chlorhexidine bathing intervention will impact CAUTIs rates. This search yielded greater than 80 studies. 14 articles met criteria for review after further examination of the yield. Conclusions: The retained articles exposed that implementation of CAUTI bundles impact CAUTI rates. Implementation of education, nurse-led bundles and auditing practices led to a statistically significant decrease in CAUTI rates and other outcome measures in a variety of settings and samples. Evidence suggests that implementing Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing reduces hospital acquired infections. A focused intervention exploring the benefits of focused chlorhexidine bathing is necessary to address the persistent elevated CAUTI rates in the Cardiac Care unit.
Assessing the Efficacy of Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children via Telemedicine
Authors:   , Sethuraman Asha , Wilson Linda
Published: May 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most prevalent developmental disabilities (CDC, 2022b). It impacts over five-million Americans and one of the keys to assisting individuals with ASD live successful and productive lives, is early diagnosis (Hus & Segal, 2021). However, many individuals reside in areas with limited access to qualified diagnosticians or face other barriers preventing them from obtaining a formal ASD diagnosis. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic came an increase in the utilization of telemedicine for healthcare services. The rise in telemedicine utilization could be expanded to conduct diagnostic assessments for ASD in a virtual manner, thus overcoming some of the barriers families face when obtaining professional assessments for their child (Haque, 2021). However, little is known about how clinicians and diagnosticians view this potential use of telemedicine. This descriptive study aimed to identify and assess clinicians' experiences and opinion of the; (a) role and value of using telemedicine for diagnosing mental health disorders; (b) the role and value of telemedicine for the specific use among patients being evaluated for ASD; (c) and the feasibility, ease of use, and acceptability of using telemedicine when compared to existing methods among those clinicians who have used the technology.