bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence studies for yield and quality traits in high protein landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bhargavi B , Yadla Suneetha , Jukanti Aravind kumar , Thati Srinivas
Published: February 2023

The present study was undertaken to study the extent of genetic diversity in high protein rice landraces with respect to yield, yield components and quality characters. In this direction, 30 high protein rice landraces, collected from different parts of country by ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad along with the high protein check, CR DHAN 310 were evaluated during Kharif 2021 at ICAR-IIRR farm located at International Crops Research Institute of Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad. The study examined the genetic divergence of high protein rice cultures for yield, quality and nutritional parameters. Multivariate analysis techniques of Mahalanobis D2 and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to estimate the genetic diversity in the experimental material. In Mahalanobis D2, the 31 high protein rice cultures were divided into six clusters. Cluster I had highest number of rice cultures (19), followed by Cluster III and V with five, four cultures, respectively. The clusters, II, IV, VI were mono-genotypic. It was discovered that grouping of these cultures into several clusters was random and was not related to geographical diversity. Inter-cluster distances between clusters V and VI were maximum. Cluster V had also exhibited higher intra-cluster distance. Further, Cluster VI had showed maximum yield plant-1, grains per panicle-1, zinc content and test weight, while, Cluster V had recorded high protein content. The greatest contribution to genetic divergence was recorded by yield plant-1 (21.60%), followed by iron (10.54%) and zinc content (9.54%). In Principal Component Analysis, the first five Principal Components (PCs) with eigen values >1 accounted for cumulative contribution of 67.69% to the total variability. The three traits, yield plant-1, iron content, and amylose content contributed the most to variability. The 2D scatter diagram exhibited 18 different clusters, out of which 11 clusters were mono-genotypic. Mahalanobis D2 Statistic and PCA concluded maximum genetic diversity between the landraces, JAK 248-3 and JAK 638 with JAK 611.
Impact of weather parameters on maize agroecosystem and adaptation strategies under changing climatic conditions: A review: Sustainable and climate-resilient adaptation strategies in maize agroecosystem
Authors: Rajath H.P , Kumar Chitranjan , Hanumanthappa M , Bhanuprakash H.R , Yogesh G.S , Chandrakala H , Navinkumar
Published: February 2023

Change in precipitation patterns and increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (high temperatures and heat waves) harm crop productivity. As per the future prediction, the temperature may increase by 2.5 0C by 2050 and by 2-30 C by the end of the century. The present review evaluates the impact of a rise and fall in temperature, solar radiation, and CO2 on the productivity of maize and other crops. Agronomic management practices during the crop growth period of selecting crop cultivars, date of sowing, plant population, dosage, timing, and methods of application of inputs are influenced by temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Overall crop productivity will reduce by 50.9 % in wheat in the USA, 46% in maize in China,17% in cotton in India, and 30% in sugarcane in India. Changing the sowing date and adopting improved early and short-duration varieties of corn and other crops are becoming significant under low-cost adoption technologies to mitigate climate change. Info Crop-SORGHUM simulation model predicts that change in the sowing date of a variety in sorghum reduces the impact of climate change and vulnerability to 1- 2 % by 2020, 3-8 % by 2050, and 4-9% by 2080. The review highlights the impact of heat stress and drought on soil processes, and overall soil health. The authors conclude to implement climate adoption technologies based on Agriculture 4.0 to sustain crop production globally.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a potential route for DAPT resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Telli Kubra , Yalcin-Ozuysal Ozden
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Notch is a conserved pathway involved in cell-fate determination and homeostasis. Its dysregulation plays a role in poor prognosis and drug resistance in breast cancer. Targeting Notch signaling via inhibition of the gamma-secretase complex is in the spotlight of modern cancer treatments. Gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI) have shown successful clinical activity in treating cancers, yet the possible resistance mechanism remains unstudied. Modeling the resistance and understanding culprit molecular mechanisms can improve GSI therapies. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to generate and analyze GSI-resistant breast cancer cells.

Methods

Gradually increasing doses of DAPT, a well-known GSI, were applied to MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines to generate resistance. Cell viability, migration and gene expressions were assessed by MTT, wound healing and qRT-PCR analyses.

Results

DAPT-resistant MCF-7 cells exhibited abnormal expression of Notch receptors, Notch targets (HES1, HES5, HEY1), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, SNAIL2, N-cadherin) to overcome the continuous increase in DAPT toxicity by increased migration through mesenchymal transition.

Conclusions

This study prospects into the role of EMT in the potential resistance mechanism against DAPT treatment for breast cancer cells. Complementary targeting of EMT should be investigated further for a possible effect to potentiate DAPT’s anti-cancer effects.
A közjó és az önérdek konfliktusa - avagy a pillanatnyi haszon mint társadalmi csapda
Authors: Fodor Tímea
Published: February 2023

The conflict between the public good and self-interest - or momentary gain as a social trapTímea Fodor
Based ont he book of Garret Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons I analyze the human nature’s functioning in the public sphere. I ask the quetion, how it is possible that humans see the long term damages of their activities but they do not offer they actual profit for a better future.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Fatigue Resistance of High-Carbon Steel for Tensile Wires Used in Flexible Pipes for Offshore Oil and Gas Transportation
Authors: dos Santos T. M. , dos Santos Fernanda C. S. C. , Tavares S. S. M. , Landim R. V. , Velasco J. A. C.
Published: February 2023

Tensile armor carbon steel wires are structural elements assembled in the complex construction of flexible pipes used in the oil and gas industry. Recently, failures of flexible pipes were associated with tensile armor fractures. Despite the relevant key of these elements in the structure of flexible pipes, manufacturers and steelmakers do not provide sufficient information about the materials and their production flow. The objective of the present study was to characterize a tensile wire made of cold worked high carbon steel regarding the microstructure and mechanical properties. The microstructure was investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The steel has nearly eutectoid chemical composition (0.69 % carbon) and presents a microstructure of very fine and deformed pearlite. Some cementite carbides appeared fragmented and spheroidized in the ferrite matrix. These microstructural features are typical of patented steel, which was subsequently cold deformed by rolling and drawing. The tensile curve of the material was obtained and modeled by Hollomon’s, Voce’s and Ludwik’s constitutive equations. The S– N fatigue curve of the wire was constructed with four-point bending tests with ratio R = 0.1. The endurance limit for R = 0.1 was estimated, and the correspondent value for R = −1 was calculated based on Goodman’s relation.
The Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index Predicts No-Reflow Phenomenon after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Patients with STEMI
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Feifei , Gao Man , Wang Yudan , Song Xuelian , Li Yingxiao , Dang Yi , Qi Xiaoyong
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Coronary no-reflow phenomenon (NRP), a common adverse complication in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is associated with poor patient prognosis. In this study, the correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and NRP in older patients with STEMI was studied, to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk patients and improve their prognosis.

Materials and methods: Between January 2017 and June 2020, 578 older patients with acute STEMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Hebei General Hospital for direct PCI treatment were selected for this retrospective study. Patients were divided into an NRP group and normal-flow group according to whether NRP occurred during the operation. Clinical data and the examination indexes of the two groups were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of NRP, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to further analyze the ability of SII to predict NRP in older patients with STEMI.

Results: Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that hypertension (OR=2.048, 95% CI:1.252–3.352, P=0.004), lymphocyte count (OR=0.571, 95% CI:0.368–0.885, P=0.012), platelet count (OR=1.009, 95% CI:1.005–1.013, P<0.001), hemoglobin (OR=1.015, 95% CI:1.003–1.028, P=0.018), multivessel disease (OR=2.237, 95% CI:1.407–3.558, P=0.001), and SII≥1814 (OR=3.799, 95% CI:2.190–6.593, P<0.001) were independent predictors of NRP after primary PCI in older patients with STEMI. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that SII had a high predictive value for NRP (AUC=0.738; 95% CI:0.686–0.790), with the best cut-off value of 1814, a sensitivity of 52.85% and a specificity of 85.71%.

Conclusion: For older patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, SII is a valid predictor of NRP.
A Simple proto nebula constituted of plasma under magneto hydrodynamics conditions
Authors: Benjamín Berdichevsky  Daniel
Published: February 2023

Using simplifying assumptions, a region or time in the universe is conceived, which allows for a state constituted solely by a gaseous plasma subject to the current laws of gravity and electromagnetism to exist. Under these conditions, it is proposed that the presence of a portion of that medium, organized in a highly symmetric magnetic field and plasma structure, possesses the symmetry of a torus. We resort to the fact that magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) is the common state of this medium and that it has the property of attaching to it the mass. (I.e. in the language of MHD the mass of the torus is assumed to be magnetized.) The solution to this MHD equilibrium of the matter of the torus, which prevents it from coalescing through the gravitational pool, is presented. Further, analysis shows that a gravitational field generated by the torus may be capable of attracting the other, non-magnetized matter, under the influence of the torus’ gravitational pool. In this way it is shown that the torus shaped MHD structure, under the discussed conditions, satisfies essential properties, like having large regions where the Keplerian mass motion cannot be present. A scenario consistent with a few key properties of proto-nebulae in equilibrium is presented and considered.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on airline ground operations
Authors: Pujol Tucci Henrricco Nieves , de Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso
Published: February 2023

The SARS-COV-2 pandemic changed the routines of all companies during 2020. While some had their sales boosted, most had losses, resorted to loans, cancelled contracts, fired many employees, or even needed to shut down their activities. It is unanimous to affirm that the airlines were highly affected by the pandemic due to the closure of the borders between countries to prevent the spread of the virus. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the effects of the new coronavirus pandemic on airlines, specifically on their activities and operational employees. To this end, interviews were conducted to get an overview of 12 different airlines operating in Brazil, the impacts of COVID-19 and the application of combat practices recommended by the World Health Organization were analyzed, under the eyes of specialists in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). The results indicated the need for airlines to reduce the size of the aircraft fleet, cancel service contracts, and carry out mass layoffs. In addition, the use of masks, social distancing and staggering of shift schedules were effective to reduce risks of contagion. On the other hand, the engagement of managers and training programs was considered fundamental for the proper implementation of these actions.
Symbolic knowledge extraction from opaque predictors applied to cosmic-ray data gathered with LISA Pathfinder
Authors: Sabbatini Federico , Grimani Catia
Published: February 2023

Machine learning models are nowadays ubiquitous in space missions, performing a wide variety of tasks ranging from the prediction of multivariate time series through the detection of specific patterns in the input data. Adopted models are usually deep neural networks or other complex machine learning algorithms providing predictions that are opaque, i.e., human users are not allowed to understand the rationale behind the provided predictions. Several techniques exist in the literature to combine the impressive predictive performance of opaque machine learning models with human-intelligible prediction explanations, as for instance the application of symbolic knowledge extraction procedures. In this paper are reported the results of different knowledge extractors applied to an ensemble predictor capable of reproducing cosmic-ray data gathered on board the LISA Pathfinder space mission. A discussion about the readability/fidelity trade-off of the extracted knowledge is also presented.
Passenger reasons for mobility transition from jet to train and turboprop
Authors: Vink Peter , Vledder Gerbera , Ribeiro Monteiro Luciana , Song Yu
Published: February 2023

Turboprop airplanes and trains have the potential in being more sustainable for short distance travels. This paper focuses on identifying factors that influence passengers in the selection of transport. A questionnaire was developed by 4 experts and used in 3 workshops with 58 aircraft interior design experts. Besides, the answers of 20 passengers were incorporated as well for a holistic view of different stake holders. Results indicated that comfort, efficiency and sustainability are three categories of factors that influence the choice, where the leading factors are space, waiting time, seat and air quality. For traveling less than 250 km the train is the prefered. Twenty seven % has a preference for the turboprop airplanes for a distance of approximately 500 km. Next to the seat, noise is the second major barrier for the choice of the turboprop. Participants also complain about the outdated image of turboprops. This implies that 1) the environmental impact should be presented to the passengers in the selection process to raise their sustainability concerns; 2) in the design of interior for turboprop, seat comfort and noisie reduction are concerns that should be taken into consideration designing the interior. Exciting elements in the design should be considered as well for stimulating a more sustainable way of travel.
Analysis of an alternative actuator for primary control surfaces
Authors: Shahneh Amir , Vutla Pandirolla Shiva Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background: Aviation Industry has adverse effects on the environment since past few years. Despite these effects, industry is expected to grow more than 10% strategically in many regions across the globe in a near future. Accordingly, several global aerospace Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) and Research organisations are focusing on this trend to develop eco-friendly aircraft which aim to use the renewable sources of energy. Output of that research is to Design, Develop, Manufacture and Qualify the All-Electric Aircraft (AEA) and release into the market within the near future. When it comes to the electrification of the aircraft, every single conventional system on the aircraft is driven using electric energy rather than hydraulics or pneumatics. Control surfaces and other secondary systems on the conventional aircraft operates using hydraulic or pneumatic driven actuators and they have direct or indirect effect on the environment. To begin with, this research has mainly focused on design and development of Jam-Tolerant Electromechanical or Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) concepts. Scope: Comparatively, with its Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuator counterparts, EMA’s have potential benefits in the power efficiency, weight, and envelope sizes. However, EMA’s has the lower reliability and one of the main parameters affecting the reliability factor is as they are not jam tolerant. This research addresses this issue and focused on developing jam tolerant or anti jam EMA concepts. Methodology: Concepts for jam tolerant or anti jam EMA are proposed, then the desirable solution is developed. Conclusion: The developed solution has achieved the aim of jamming problem by designing the “jam tolerant/anti jam EMA” that can be used in Primary Control Surfaces of the aircraft. However, with the modifications to the interfaces, it has potential to use in others such as Secondary Control Surfaces.
Riemann hypothesis supports topological propulsion and faster than light travel through space time
Authors: Bartlett Rodney
Published: February 2023

Question – How does the Riemann Hypothesis Support Topological Propulsion and Faster-than-light Travel? Answer – a) Using the axiom that there indeed are infinitely many nontrivial zeros on the critical line (calculations have confirmed the hypothesis to be true to over 13 trillion places), the critical line is identified as the y-axis of Wick rotation (see the text accompanying Figure 6). This suggests the y-axis is literally infinite and that infinity equals zero. In this case, it is zero distance in time and space (again, see the text accompanying Figure 6). Travelling zero distance is done instantly and is therefore faster-than-light travel. b) Wick rotation is essential to this article’s description of a topological (mathematical) universe and the Riemann hypothesis’ identification with Wick means the hypothesis doesn’t just apply to the distribution of prime numbers but also applies to the fundamental structure of the mathematical universe’s space-time. As an introduction to this idea, I’ll provide background info from “Cosmos” magazine. Then I’ll move on to ideas which, today, may seem as fictional as Zefram Cochrane’s first warp-drive flight in 2063 (in the movie “Star Trek: First Contact”). But today’s science fiction is sometimes a non-technical preview of tomorrow’s science and technology. Three things are essential for the movement of both Cosmos’ curved-space robot and the propulsion-less (by known means) spaceship – shape changing, friction, and gravity. Future computers will take care of the first condition when they transform parallelograms into topological shapes. Friction is accounted for by deletion of the 3rd dimension (possible because of holographic-universe theory) plus topology’s single surfaces and self-intersections plus general relativity’s refraction of light by gravity. And the third requirement is satisfied by general relativity’s statement that gravity is the curvature of space-time. Topological propulsion also provides insights into travelling at significant fractions of – as well as faster than - light, the Higgs boson and field, electroweak interaction, dark matter, dark energy, other dimensions, space-time (eg the expanding-universe question and time travel), quantum mechanics, quantum computers, the Riemann hypothesis, and Unidentified Flying Objects.
Underlying mechanisms for physical activity-induced brain plasticity
Authors: Moiniafshari Kimia , kalantari Farshad , Behzadi Nezhad Hafez
Published: February 2023

Physical activity is an important component in daily life which become more important when comes to health-related complications. Physical activity regardless the type and intensity, can bring beneficial effect for general health and can improve skills in several aspects including learning tasks and response to stimuli along with other health benefits. By recruiting regular physical activity and exercise, which happened for athletes, some structural and functional changes may occur in some regions of brain including increase in network connection, increase the speed of message transformation, increase in gray matter, synaptic plasticity and brain plasticity. There are several suggested mechanisms for physical activity-induced brain plasticity including increase in gene expression, BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF and activation of cellular cascade. Although the beneficial effects of physical activity on brain flexibility is well known which is reviled in athletes, the most effective type of activity which can affect brain flexibility the most, is not clear yet.
Quinoa saponins, biological controller against Cercospora coffeicola and Moniliophthora roreri
Authors: Foronda Cervando Gutierrez , Lozano Marybel , Ortiz Lily Salcedo
Published: February 2023

An extract rich in saponins obtained from quinoa residues showed in vitro anti-fungal activity against the coffee phytopathogen Cercospora coffeicola, with an antifungal index of inhibition (AI) of 22.39 ± 4.5% at 120 mg/mL, and against the cocoa phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri, with an AI of 55.8 ± 1.6% at 60 mg/mL. The results showed a potential of this saponin-extract for the biological control of these phytopathogens.
The moral role of clinical empathy in patient healthcare
Authors: Albuquerque Aline , Howick Jeremy
Published: February 2023

In healthcare, clinical empathy is rarely analyzed from the perspective of its moral role, even within bioethics. Instead, empathy is usually examined from its benefits to patients, health professionals, and even institutions. we propose moral roles of clinical empathy. It is noteworthy that the moral roles offered by the authors consist of original formulations from research developed over time in clinical empathy and ethics in healthcare. This is a theoretical study whose goal is to create theoretical contributions that aim to add to the scarce investigations on the articulations between clinical empathy and morality in healthcare. Clinical empathy should not be the only moral construct within health care ethics, as it is limited and does not account for the complexity of the moral phenomenon. Yet, considering that the current care model advocates patient centrality and participation and patient respect as subjects of rights, it is concluded that clinical empathy is a non-negotiable moral construct to implement the contemporary model of care.
Heyde’s syndrome – a case report
Authors: Lima Karen Santos , Prates da Costa Maria Cláudia , Cunha Letícia Diniz , Fonseca Cheyenne Alves
Published: February 2023

Heyde's Syndrome is composed by the association between aortic stenosis, acquired deficit of von Willebrand factor and gastrointestinal bleeding. The pathophysiology of the syndrome encompasses shearing of von Willebrand factor in the turbulent flow caused by aortic stenosis, leading to its alteration and favoring its proteolysis and dysfunction, which favors the bleeding of lesions such as intestinal angiodysplasia. The objective of this case is to bring to light aspects of this syndrome and its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The case was monitored at the Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina, and a literature review on the subject was carried out in the main databases. This is a woman, 85 years old, hospitalized with heart failure associated with lower digestive hemorrhage with iron deficiency anemia. Colonoscopy and upper digestive endoscopy inconclusive. Echocardiogram confirmed severe aortic stenosis. The hypothesis of Heyde's syndrome was raised, with indication of transcatheter implantation of the aortic valve, a procedure not available locally. Patient evolves to death without completing investigation or therapy due to new cardiac decompensation. Although the result of the endoscopies was inconclusive, there are situations inherent to the method and the examiner that make it difficult to identify certain lesions, and it is recommended to repeat the exams when there is clinical suspicion. The patient died before completing the investigation, which does not exclude the possibility of Heyde’s syndrome. There are still difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of the syndrome, however, when indicated, diagnostic work-up must be performed in order to define the best long-term treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.
Prevalence of Trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of the general hospital Dutsin-ma, Katsina State
Authors: Orpin James Bemshima , S Adamu , NC Eberemu
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the Prevalence of Trichomoniasis among Pregnant Women attending General Hospital Dutsin-Ma. A total number of 181 high vaginal swab (HVS) samples were examined in General Hospital Dutsin-ma. Fifty-six (30.9%) samples were positive considering the risk factors of Age, number of sexual partners, method of douche and type of latrine. The age range of 26-30 had high incidence of 36% while 36-40 recorded 23%. With respect to the number of sexual partners, participants with four (4) sexual partners had the highest incidence of 60%. Participants with three (3) sexual partners had the incidence of 41%, participants with two (2) sexual partners had the incidence of 31%, while participants with one (1) sexual partner had the prevalence of 27%. Considering the method of douche, it showed that participants that use water only to douche had the highest incidence of 46%, participants who use water and soap to douche had the incidence of 39%, and those that use herbal concoctions to douche had the incidence of 7.5%. Based on type of latrine, participants who use pit latrine or public toilets had the highest prevalence of 34%, and participants who use water closet had the incidence of 25%.
Post COVID community based self-care management of disabling osteoarthritis: importance and possible targeted needs
Authors: Marks Ray
Published: February 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis, a highly common, disabling joint disease affecting a large number of older adults is presently incurable, and not always amenable to surgery or pharmacologic interventions. Purpose: Further complicated by multiple past and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic issues and disease consequences, the purpose was to examine what current data reveal as to the prevailing epidemiological features of osteoarthritis and its pathology. Another was to review the utility of some non-pharmacological and non-operative treatment strategies that have been advocated for alleviating the pain and disability of this disease in later life. Methods: Building on a 35 year prior review conducted in 2015, this current review was conducted to identify relevant literature published on this topic over the last 5 years, particularly since COVID-19 onset in 2019. Key words included osteoarthritis, COVID-19, prevention, and intervention. Results: As in prior years, osteoarthritis continues to induce considerable physical disability and consistently impedes the attainment of a high life quality for many older adults. Although not studied to any degree, COVID-19 factors may be expected to render further challenges that compound the disease presentation and its mitigation over time, especially among the long COVID affected older adult. In the face of closures, limited resources, and complex disease presentations, it does appear a variety of non-operative and non-pharmacologic approaches may yet influence the disease process and functional outcomes more positively than not with low safety risks. They may help the older adult more effectively even if surgery is indicated and multiple medications are yet required. Conclusion: The application of one or more carefully designed conservative interventions is likely to reduce the functional disability and pain experienced by older people with any form of osteoarthritis, regardless of whether surgical and or pharmacologic strategies are indicated.
The effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on hemineglect following a stroke. A case report study
Authors: Onin Irem , Kumru Hatice , Bernabeu Monserrat , Lucente Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive repetitive peripheral mechanical stimulation and might promote neuroplasticity in hemineglect syndrome. Two out of 15 patients with hemi spatial neglect following chronic stroke were completed the inclusion criterions and underwent one session of sham (placebo) and then one session of real ESWT. Both of the cases responded successfully to the ESWT by diminishing the neglect symptoms in comparison to their baseline evaluation, which maintained during one week of follow up evaluation session, but we did not observe changes in hemineglect syndrome in sham group. Our data showed that ESWT could be considered a promising tool in the treatment of neglect syndrome, however further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of ESWT.
Hypolipidemic trials in the elderly - a recent historic standpoint
Authors: Junior Luiz Kencis , Garcia Caluz Naiara Pedrassi Engracia , R Saldanha Anita L , Valera Gasparoto André Luis , Carvalho Abdala Bruno de , Garcia Nosé Paulo Maurício , Almeida Dalton Fonseca , Bellincanta Fakhouri Tereza Luiza , Pantoja Margeotto Ana Paula , Rocha Martinez Tania Leme da
Published: February 2023

In spite of the first trials on the effect of cholesterol reduction and its beneficial impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly many have already proven the antecipated positive results. The high risk attributable to the elderly is a guarantee for an effort in primary prevention, especially when a high level of serum cholesterol is combined with other risk factors linked to coronary artery disease. There are elements of similarity for primary prevention in the elderly over 65 years of age, compared to middle-aged patients. This consideration opened the need for scientific evidence with confirmed levels of evidence. The first studies were WOSCOPS, AFCAPS/TEXCAPS, Heart Protection Study, PROSPER, ALLHAT (Antihipertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial-Lipid Lowering Trial), REVERSAL, Health Study, ASCOT (Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes), MIRACL, Post CABG, AVERT, ACCESS, ASSET, ATGOAL, CHALLENGE, CURVES, BELLS, ARBITER, NASDAC, PROVE-IT and DEBATE. Positive evidences were shown from the first to the last trial recalled in this historical beginning.
Objective electrocardiographic documentation of ‘walk- through angina’ phenomenon during treadmill stress electrocardiography using Bruce protocol
Authors: SR Mittal , Mittal Govind
Published: February 2023

The term ‘walk through angina’ is used when angina is relieved inspite of continued exertion. Objective documentation of ‘walk-through angina’ is rare. Two cases of ‘walk - through angina’ phenomenon with objective electrocardiographic documentation during treadmill stress test are reported. In both cases relief in angina was associated with reduction in electrocardiographic signs of ischemia. In one case, relief of angina was associated with reduction in rate - pressure product. In the second case angina reduced even when the rate pressure product was higher than at the onset of angina. Several factors could reduce angina inspite of increase in work load. Relief in anxiety, reduction in stress of exercise testing, coronary vasodilation, increased flow through collaterals or some adaptive process, alone or in combination, could contribute to relief in angina. Treatment is similar to chronic stable angina.
Evaluation of the concordance between hemodynamic variables obtained by Swan-Ganz catheterization and transthoracic echocardiography in patients after coronary revascularization surgery
Authors: Citalán-Jiménez José A , GuizarSanchez Carlos A , Lara-Vazquez Eduardo , Martinez-Ramirez Leonel , Visoso Palacios Porfirio , Perez-Villatoro Fernando
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Currently, there is a trend towards non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring guided by echocardiography, however, in our center, in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery, invasive hemodynamic monitoring with Swan-Ganz catheter placement continues. Given that hemodynamic monitoring using non-invasive methods has been shown to be feasible, it is therefore expected that the hemodynamic variables obtained by echocardiography are consistent with the variables obtained by Swan-Ganz catheterization in this type of patient. The objective of the study is to evaluate the concordance that exists between the different hemodynamic variables obtained by Swan-Ganz catheterization, with the variables obtained by echocardiography. Methods: Observational, non-interventional, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, non-randomized. Patients admitted to the Coronary Unit after coronary revascularization surgery were selected, who had a Swan-Ganz catheter on admission, all patients underwent measurement of the hemodynamic variables CO, RAP, PASP, PWP and later TTE was performed to obtain the same variables. Finally, the Concordance Correlation Coefficient described by Lin CCC= (A2+B2-C2) ÷(A2+B2+D2) and by the Bland-Altman method was used as a statistical tool. Results: 26 patients were included, with a mean age of 63.8 ± 6.2 years, 69.2% male. For the CO variable, an average absolute difference of 0.77 L/min and a CCC of 0.7334 were obtained; in the analysis of (B-A), an average difference is -0.4149 L/min. For the RAP an average difference of 2.11 mmHg, with a CCC = 0.8595 and in the analysis of B-A an average difference of -1.11 mmHg. For the PASP an average absolute difference of 5.11 mmHg was obtained with a CCC = 0.5444 and in the B-A analysis an average difference of 0.2944 mmHg. For PWP an average absolute difference of 2.78 mmHg with a CCC = 0.3842, in the analysis of B-A an average difference of 2.13 mmHg. When carrying out the analysis of the average differences obtained from each of the variables, with which a P value of 0.293 was obtained for the CO, 0.129 for the RAP, 0.308 for the PASP, and 0.017 for the PWP. Conclusions: A poor strength of agreement was observed for the CCC for each of the variables, however, these are not clinically significant, so they can be considered as interchangeable methods. It is important to mention that the TTE provides other relevant parameters in the management of these patients.
Efficacy of tooth brushes of different bristles design in plaque removal
Authors: Sial Alia Rani , Kashif Muhammad , Mujahid Urooj , Mehmood Huda , Shafiq Muhammad Mohsin , Iqbal Muhammad Pervez
Published: February 2023

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Higher specialty of fixed and removable prosthodontics
Authors: Laban Ahmed MJ Abu
Published: February 2023

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A review on restorative and preventive materials used in dentistry
Authors: Asl Hamid Reza Mohammadi , Asl Ehsan Mohammadi
Published: February 2023

Restorative and preventive dental materials were designed to augment and improve on the limitations of amalgam alloy in terms of toughness, durability, changes in oral temperature and pH, force of abrasion opposing teeth, basicity of the saliva and the acidic regurgitated stomach fluids. It is expected that these materials will generally accepted, harmless and importantly highly biocompatible to reduce any risk to the patients and dental staff. There are wide varieties of restorative materials used in dentistry, which include dental metal amalgam, glass ionomer cements, zinc polyacrylate cements, zinc phosphate cements and pre/post preventive materials like etching agents, bonding, bleaching and sodium hypochlorite. Therefore, this review will give a comprehensive summary on available restorative and preventive materials used in dentistry.
Refurbishment, repair, or replacement of dental restorations - perpetual dilemma
Authors: Mala Kundabala , Thomas Manuel , Shetty Neeta
Published: February 2023

Most of the general dentistry work includes replacement of old restorations or repair of some of the restorations to extend their longevity and serviceability. While some consider replacement is the best solution for deteriorated restorations, some other choose repair as a treatment option depending on the cases. Even though repairs may be frequently occurring in daily practice, there are not many randomized control studies to advice about the repair of restorations. Practice based research, should focus on the criteria when a restoration is best repaired or replaced. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages. Proper Diagnosis and treatment planning are the key factors. Assessing the caries risk level, type of restoration to be replaced, restorative materials to be chosen, aesthetic & functional considerations involved are very important for the longevity of the repair work. Teachers of conservative dentistry should continue to develop and refine the teaching of the repair of amalgam, direct or indirect composite resin restorations and ceramic restorations. This should in turn strengthen the evidence base for the application of repair techniques in clinical practice.
Massive central giant cell granuloma of the mandible causing difficulty in speech and mastication
Authors: Ram Hari , Kumar Satish , Mohammad Shadab , Babu Suresh
Published: February 2023

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), a non odontogenic lesion of the oral cavity the involving jaws, is relatively uncommonly seen. It accounts about 1–7% of all benign lesions of the jaw. It is bony lesion of the head and neck region which is never seen in any other bone of the skeleton. It is usually seen in young adults between second to third decades of their life. CGCG has been classified, as central (bone) and peripheral (gingival tissues) according to type of tissue involved.
Alveolar repair with equine xenogen biomaterial: case report
Authors: da Silva Bruna de Souza Eleutério , Oliveira Priscila Carneiro , Egas Laís Sara , Naves Roberta Catapano , Coutinho Antonielson Costa
Published: February 2023

The alveolar ridge is the bone around the root portion of the tooth. Various environmental and physiological effects accompany or disassemble, influence their fullness and performance. As such, its production as well as its conservation is linked to a constant presence of the tooth. Bone resorption in the socket after dental extraction is an undesirable natural and physiological occurrence, which often makes it difficult to place a dental implant in the selected position. The use of bone grafts has the function of creating a matrix in which the coagulated blood will form and enable the healing process. Xenografts are biomaterials of animal origin, they are deproteinized totally eliminating the organic component and avoiding immunogenicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of equatorial graft on the speed of technical repair as preparation for rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants. This paper presents a case report of a patient who underwent tooth extraction, with immediate placement of equine xenograft and radiographic follow-up for recent days. Bone of equine origin when reproduced in bovine origin and ovine was the one that most showed similarity with human bone tissue, in relation to visual roughness, also related to porosity. Through radiographic follow-up, it was possible to evaluate if the equine xenograft is effective in bone neoformation in the socket after extraction and grafting. Further research should be performed with computed tomography to better evaluate the efficacy of equine xenograft.
Ozone therapy in dentistry and in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Pereira Igor Figueiredo , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito
Published: February 2023

The use of ozone in dentistry has gained popularity in recent years due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and biocompatibility properties, as well as being an extremely safe method. The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of ozonotherapy in the treatment of arthralgias and disorders of the temporomandibular joint of muscular order. The objective of this work is to perform a rapid review regarding ozone therapy in dentistry as the main focus in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
Periodontal disease and its relationship with pregnancy problems: is everything clear?
Authors: Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius G , Barbieri Camila Barreto , Pasquinell Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Periodontal disease is the result of an interactive process between dental biofilm and periodontal tissues through cellular and vascular responses in which the primary etiologic factor of periodontal diseases is bacterial infection. Periodontitis has been associated with systemic changes, such as pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight. The birth of low body weight babies remains the main cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, affecting about 10% of all births. The objective of this literature review, narrative, was to show the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnant women with premature birth and / or low birth weight baby. Articles published between 1996 and 2020, in English and Portuguese, were evaluated in the following databases: Pumed, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Bireme. Research indicates that gingivitis and periodontitis can promote gestational changes such as premature birth and / or low weight of the baby, several studies have evaluated these conditions, but there is a variability in the methodology used and characterization of periodontal disease. Elevated levels of cytokines produced by periodontal disease, induce the body to go into early labor. For this, the levels of cytokines are similar to those produced by the uterus and placenta in the ninth month of pregnancy. The increase in pregnancy hormones seems to aggravate gingival and periodontal disease, with an interrelation between pregnancy and periodontal conditions. Current evidence has pointed out that women in gestational periods need dental intervention to control periodontal disease, as these strategies serve to reduce preterm labor. The investigators concluded that there are clinical changes that are related to the accumulation of dental biofilm and its interference in the course of the gestational period, however, there is a need for further studies for this relationship to be definitively confirmed.
Bisphosphonate therapy as a risk factor for success of dental implants
Authors: Dugas Curtis G , Chung Yoo Jin , Famili Pouran
Published: February 2023

Dental implants to replace missing teeth considered a standard of care and usually it has 95% success rate. Most people seeking implants are part of an older population and they may have some systemic disease including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis reduces bone strength; decreases bone mineral density and cause detrition of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and risk of bone fracture.1 There is some evidence that implant placement may be protective against alveolar bone resorption and may be protective against bone loss due to aging process. Dental implants are increasing sought by the aging population. It is necessary to look at the effect of osteoporosis and success of implant and treatment for osteoporosis with either oral or IV bisphosphonates.2 Most investigations concluded that no compelling basis exist to expect osteoporosis to be a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implant. Still many questions exist about treatment of osteoporosis with either oral or IV bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonate use considered a possible risk factor for dental implant success.
The five types of alveolar open bites
Authors: Viazis Anthony D , Pagonis Tom C
Published: February 2023

Anterior open bites present many challenges in clinical dentistry and require careful evaluation and treatment planning. Yet unsubstantiated theories of open bite development are erroneously used to make non biological diagnoses which provide limited treatment planning utility and misdirected orthodontic treatment. This paper identifies characteristics of alveolar bone morphology, incidence of canine intercuspation, intra-arch canine orientation, degree of dental crowding or dental spacing and degree of open bite to introduce five types of dentoalveolar open bites. These proposed categories of alveolar open bites create a straightforward and more predictable clinical model for planning and treatment.
Evaluation of incidence of metastatic involvement of level IIb subgroup lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Roy Birsubhra , kumar Anshuman , Kashyap Rahul , Rawat Garima
Published: February 2023

Background: To determine the overall incidence of level IIb lymph node metastases in N0/N+ neck and whether level IIb node removal is necessary in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patinets. Material and methods: A prospective analysis of 182 biopsy proven OSCC patients who underwent surgical excision of the primary lesion with safe margins. Based on the site, nodal involvement etc the planned neck dissection has been performed. Resected primary lesion and different levels of removed lymph nodes was marked and sent for histopathological examination. 26 (14.3%) patients underwent bilateral neck dissection and unilateral in remaining 156 patients (85.7%). Results: 22 patients in our study specifically had metastases in level IIb, representing 22 out of 182 patients (12%) and 22 out of 208 neck dissection specimens (10.5%), combining pathologically N0 necks and clinically node-positive necks. 31 patients reported with a local recurrence at 1-year follow-up period, whereas remaining 151 patients had no loco regional residual disease at 1 year follow up. All the patients with recurrent disease were provided palliative treatment. Conclusions: Our results indicate the importance of always dissecting level IIb nodes in case of high metastatic rate of patients with clinically positive neck nodes, exclusively staged as N2b or greater. However, for a therapeutic neck dissection, level IIb clearance should always be done if there are positive lymph nodes at level IIa clinically or intra-operatively on frozen section.
Effect of titanium coated with 3 different types of copper nanoparticles in the oral biofilm formation
Authors: Morales Andrés Gómez , Jofre J , Perez-Tijerina E , Sólis-Pomar S , Sánchez-Sanhueza G , Meléndrez MF
Published: February 2023

The antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles (CuNps) has been studied against different pathogenic microorganisms, however to our knowledge, no studies have been reported about their activity against periodontal bacteria in a biofilm. Therefore, in order to bridge this information gap, this study aims to observe and count the formation of oral biofilm on titanium alloys coated with different types of CuNps. Three different methods were used to synthetize and then apply a coating of CuNps on dental implant healing caps, by then, their antibacterial properties were investigated using an in vitro oral biofilm by plate count method and confocal laser microscopy. The result of the counts, showed that the lower microbial load is observed in the caps coated with CuNps obtained by copper electroplating, it can be concluded, within the limitations of this study, that CuNps obtained by copper electroplating showed greater bactericidal effect that PVD methods, especially in periodontal pathogenic bacteria like P.gingivalis, and P. intermedia. More studies are necessary for corroborate this observation and better understand the reason why only CuNps obtained by certain methods were more bactericidal tan others and the reason why only some bacteria were affected. The antimicrobial properties exhibited by CuNps could be useful for develop anti-infective biomaterials become a strategy to control dental biofilm.
Surgical management of craniofacial Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Radzinski Felipe Kornecki
Published: February 2023

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