bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictability of European winter 2022/23
Authors: Stringer Nicky , Scaife Adam A. , Bulmer Chris , Davies Paul , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , Ineson Sarah , Knight Jeff , Mancell Joseph , McLean Peter , Smith Doug , Walker Brent , Walsh Christopher
Published: October 2024

The boreal winter of 2022/23 was notable as a third consecutive winter in which La Niña had an influence on the European weather. The GloSea6 seasonal forecast system predicted a blocked circulation pattern in the North Atlantic in early winter (December), and then a transition through mid‐winter (January) into a more zonal pattern in late winter (February), consistent with the canonical La Niña teleconnection pattern seen previously. The seasonal forecast for the UK was an increased likelihood of near average temperatures, and drier‐ and calmer‐than‐average conditions. Both the predicted broad‐scale circulation patterns and UK winter mean weather conditions verified well against observations, and we show that seasonal forecasts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the last 10 winters show similar skill to previously reported hindcasts. Throughout the winter, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was particularly active. On three occasions, it exhibited strong phases 6 and 7. There was also a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) that occurred on 16th February. This was followed by colder conditions and associated impacts similar to the canonical negative NAO response over the UK, although the main impact fell in March and so did not affect the winter (December–January–February) mean conditions.
Operando Investigation of Al Plating Regimes on HOPG in [EMImCl]:AlCl3 by Electrochemical Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy
Authors: Löw Mario , May Matthias M.
Published: October 2024

Rechargeable aluminium batteries show promise as next‐generation systems with a more abundant material base than lithium technology. However, the stable native oxide on top of aluminium metal electrodes leads to poor cell performance. Graphite, on the other hand, is a so far rarely investigated alternative that can be used as both the anode and cathode. Here, metallic aluminium is deposited at the anode, while AlCl4− is intercalated at the cathode. For both cases, understanding the electrode–electrolyte interface is crucial for improving the performance of the battery. In this work, we use reflection anisotropy spectroscopy to study the evolution of the interface under applied potentials. We find that the cathode exhibits an irreversible swelling of the topmost graphite layer due to AlCl4− intercalation as well as the formation of an SEI during the first voltammetry cycle. On the anode, the electrodeposition of aluminium is initially well‐ordered. However, the evolution of the surface morphology depends on the applied potential, with island‐like growth at less cathodic potentials, and layer‐by‐layer growth at more anodic potentials. With the optical operando spectroscopy, we can follow these qualitatively different plating and stripping regimes in a time‐resolved manner.
Das Museum Reinhard Ernst
Authors: Fahlbusch Mark , Barbaros Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Das Museum Reinhard Ernst (mre) in Wiesbaden beherbergt mit knapp 1000 Gemälden und Skulpturen abstrakter Kunst die Sammlung des Unternehmers und Stifters Reinhard Ernst. Das Gebäude geht auf den Entwurf und die Planung des kürzlich verstorbenen japanischen Pritzker‐Preisträgers Fumihiko Maki zurück. Es ist das zehnte Museum des Architekten und sein einziges in Europa. Mit der Umsetzung des Vorhabens wurde das Frankfurter Architekturbüro schneider+schumacher beauftragt, Bollinger+Grohmann waren für die Tragwerksplanung zuständig. Ein vollverglaster Eingangsbereich und ein nach oben offenes Atrium lassen das Innere des Gebäudes hell und einladend erscheinen. Die hohen Decken und breiten Wände bieten den teils großformatigen Kunstwerken auf rund 2500 m2 Ausstellungsfläche viel Platz und Raum. Im Juni 2024 nahm das Museum seinen Ausstellungsbetrieb auf. Der Neubau wurde zu großen Teilen in Ortbetonbauweise ausgeführt. Das Tragwerkskonzept zeichnet sich durch einige Besonderheiten aus, die den hohen Ausstellungsräumen mit einer Regelspannweite von über 12 m und den Rücksprüngen des Gebäudes auf der Süd‐ und Nordwestseite sowie zum Atrium geschuldet sind.
Fabrication of Bio‐Based Composite Materials for Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric With Microbial Anti‐Adhesive Activity
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Ahmed Firoz , Rahman Md. Hasinur
Published: October 2024

The development of multifunctional cotton fabrics that are stain‐resistant, antimicrobial, and easy to clean has sparked scientific interest as well as practical usefulness, owing to its medical and healthcare applications. The purpose of this study was to fabricate self‐cleaning and antimicrobial cotton for final use by soaking the cotton fabric in nonfluorinated hybrid formulations based on quaternary chitosan‐silane using the sol–gel process. The fluorine‐free cotton fabric demonstrated high self‐cleaning behavior and outstanding bacterial killing efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, without altering the desired textile properties of cotton fabric. Remarkably, cotton textiles using the hybrid formulations HTACC‐VTES (N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride‐vinyltriethoxy silane) and TMCC‐VTES (N, N, N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride–vinyltriethoxy silane) demonstrated promising water contact angles of 147° and 142° respectively, indicating a move toward superhydrophobicity. In FTIR spectra, both treated cotton textiles had an absorption peak at 1208 cm−1 (SiOC bending), indicating a stronger interaction between silane binding agents and the cotton substrate. The treated cotton fabric with desirable features retains its stability and endurance after 12 cycles of washing for antibacterial tests and 15 cycles for wettability tests. The manufactured cotton fabric has several potential applications, such as in personal hygiene items and medical applications.
A strategy to comprehensively and quickly identify the chemical constituents in Wuteng tablets by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Pengyi , Bai Lincheng , Zheng Xinyue , Wang Mingtao , Dong Peiliang , Han Hua
Published: October 2024

Population growth and improved industrialization have led to a sharp rise in the demand for plant medicine. In recent years, there has been a general concern about developing new medicinal resources, cutting down on pharmaceutical waste, and discovering new, effective components of traditional Chinese medicine. A novel medication called Wuteng tablets is made from Schisandra chinensis stems and shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. This work is the first development of an overall identification technique based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS). Using the MS‐DIAL integrated informatics platform and UNIFI software, the chemical components of Wuteng tablets were identified, and the amount of lignin in the tablets was ascertained. This study will identify the chemical components of such medications, aid in the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources, and serve as a foundation for the analysis of the components of their biopharmaceutical origin.
Sweat‐powered, skin‐adhesive multimodal sensor for long‐term and real‐time sweat monitoring
Authors: He Xinxin , Li Zhiyuan , Huang Xingcan , Zhang Qiang , Zeng Yuyang , Li Jialin , Yiu Chun Ki , Yang Yawen , Zhou Jingkun , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Jiachen , Li Jian , Xu Zitong , Chen Zhenlin , Liu Yiming , Gao Yuyu , Zhang Binbin , Zhao Guangyao , Gao Zhan , Wu Pengcheng , Shi Rui , Qiu Yuze , Zhang Hehua , Chow Lung , Ye Denglin , Huang Ya , Yu Xinge
Published: October 2024

The importance of continuous healthcare management has significantly accelerated the development of wearable devices for monitoring health‐related physical and biochemical markers. Despite extensive research on wearable devices for physiological and biochemical monitoring, critical issues of power management and device/skin interfacial properties restrict the advancement of personalized healthcare and early disease detection. Here, we report a multimodal sweat monitoring device featuring a real‐time display and long‐term data analysis based on self‐powered format of sweat‐activated batteries (SABs). The polyvinyl alcohol‐sucrose (PVA‐Suc) hydrogel serves as the key component for the SAB, offering not only great long‐term adhesive properties for conformable wearability but also significant power generation capabilities. A maximum current density of 44.06 mA cm−2 and a maximum power density of 21.89 mW cm−2 can be realized for the hydrogel based SAB. The resulting device integrates an advanced colorimetric and electrochemical sensor array to measure pH levels, glucose concentrations, and chloride ion levels in human sweat, with data wirelessly transmitted by Near Field Communication. The self‐powering features and multiple mode sensing function offer sufficient power to support real‐time monitoring of metabolic biomarkers in sweat, with the ability to visually observe changes in the colorimetric sensors for long‐term data monitoring.
Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Amyloid‐β Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease: A Head‐to‐Head Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Fang , Cheng Jiang , Jin Kaihui , Zhao Li , Li Junyong , Wu Jia , Ren Xiaolu
Published: October 2024

Objective

This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative diagnostic performance of amyloid‐β positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

An extensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify available publications up to December 2023. Head‐to‐head comparative studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic performance of Aβ PET and MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird method, followed by transformation via the Freeman–Tukey double inverse sine transformation.

Results

Six articles involving 560 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. When distinguishing AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both methods showed comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.71, MRI: 0.62) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.68, MRI: 0.69), with no statistically significant differences observed (p = 0.34 and 0.99). When identifying AD from normal cognitive control (NC), both Aβ PET and MRI showed similar results, with comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.93, MRI: 0.85) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.95, MRI: 0.82), without significant differences (p = 0.38 and 0.19). Similarly, in detecting MCI from NC, both Aβ PET and MRI demonstrated similar sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.69, MRI: 0.64) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.75, MRI: 0.76) without significant differences (p = 0.40 and 0.94). However, 18F‐FMM seems to have a higher specificity compared to MRI when distinguishing AD from MCI (P = 0.03) and AD from NC (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis indicates that Aβ PET demonstrates similar sensitivity and specificity to MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited number of studies may impact the evidence of the current study; further larger sample prospective research is required to confirm these findings.
Measuring sustainable transformation of small and medium‐sized enterprises using management systems standards
Authors: Carlsson Raul , Nevzorova Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a significant number of industries in need of moving towards more sustainable development. A sustainability perspective on business activities is today crucial for SMEs to achieve a new level of competitiveness. Identifying which is a suitable set of sustainability indicators for an individual SME is a big challenge. The availability of so many methods and systems can leave SMEs reluctant to implement them in their small business. Therefore, this research aims to create a sustainability maturity model for SMEs to visualize goals and assess progress on their transformation journey. Progress is assessed by indicators, exemplified by indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative and the maturity is verified as stepwise growth along international management system standards. Using the developed model, it is possible to determine the SMEs' sustainability performance. The research has resulted in a stepwise classification of the organization's maturity is compiled into training and auditing material in different regions and sectors.
Factors Guiding Clinical Decision‐Making in Genitourinary Oncology
Authors: Wosny Marie , Aeppli Stefanie , Fischer Stefanie , Peres Tobias , Rothermundt Christian , Hastings Janna
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Clinical decision‐making in oncology is a complex process, with the primary goal of identifying the most effective treatment tailored to individual cancer patients. Many factors influence the treatment decision: disease‐ and patient‐specific criteria, the increasingly complex treatment landscape, market authorization and drug availability, financial aspects, and personal treatment expertise. In the domain of genitourinary cancers, particularly prostate cancer, decision‐making is challenging. Despite the prevalence of this malignancy, there are few in‐depth explorations of these factors within real‐world scenarios. Understanding and refining this intricate decision‐making process is essential for future successful clinical decisions and the integration of computerized decision support into clinicians' workflows.

Aim

The objective of this study is to improve the current knowledge base and evidence of the factors that influence treatment decision‐making for patients with genitourinary cancers.

Methods

Assessment of how routine treatment decisions are made for genitourinary cancers was performed by a mixed‐methods study, encompassing field observations and focus group discussions.

Results

In total, we identified 59 factors that influence clinical decision‐making in oncology, specifically for genitourinary and prostate cancer. Of these, 23 criteria can be classified as decision‐maker‐related criteria encompassing personal, cognitive, and emotional attributes and factors of both, healthcare professionals and patients. Moreover, 20 decision‐specific criteria have been identified that refer to clinical and disease‐related factors, followed by 16 contextual decision factors that describe the relevant criteria introduced by the specific circumstances and environment in which the treatment decision is made.

Conclusion

By presenting an exhaustive set of decision factors and providing specific examples for genitourinary cancers, this observational study establishes a possible framework for a better understanding of decision‐making. Moreover, we specify and expand the set of decision factors, while emphasizing the importance of cognitive, emotional, and human factors, as well as the quality and accessibility of decision‐relevant information.
Targeted Genetic Sequencing Analysis of 223 Cases of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treated by Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Shows Survival Related to GNAS and KRAS Status
Authors: Gibson Jane , Pengelly Reuben J. , Mirandari Amatta , Boukas Konstantinos , Stanford Sophia , Cecil Thomas Desmond , Mohamed Faheez , Dayal Sanjeev Paul , Tzivanakis Alexios , Moran Brendan John , Mirnezami Alex , Carr Norman John , Ennis Sarah
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an unusual condition with unique behaviour caused by a mucinous neoplasm, usually arising from the appendix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of genomic alterations in clinical specimens of PMP using a targeted assay and correlate the findings with clinical, pathological and outcome data. Sequencing data from 223 patients were analysed.

Results

The median follow‐up interval was 48 months. The primary neoplasm was appendiceal in 216 patients, ovarian in 4, urachal in 2 and renal in one. We confirmed common mutations in GNAS and KRAS (42% each) with significant co‐occurrence of variants in these genes. TP53 mutations were found in 8%. Other mutations were rare but included novel mutations in BAP1 and ERBB4. Of 17 patients with acellular peritoneal mucin, 6 (35%) were positive for DNA mutations. The non‐appendiceal cases generally showed a similar mutational landscape to the appendiceal lesions with GNAS and KRAS commonly mutated, although one urachal lesion showed multi‐hit TP53 mutation without variants in either GNAS or KRAS. Survival was significantly associated with the grade of the primary neoplasm, the grade of the peritoneal disease, the completeness of cytoreduction score and with mutation in either GNAS, KRAS or both. The hazard ratio (HR) associated with mutation in GNAS and/or KRAS was 1.87 (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Survival outcome was more closely associated with the grade of the peritoneal disease than with the grade of the primary neoplasm. Our findings support the developing concept that mutational analysis may provide prognostic information in patients with PMP.
Dual Action of Nanostructured α‐Mangostin‐Copper Oxide Complexes Against Dental Pathogen Biofilms and Oral Cancer via Apoptosis Gene Modulation
Authors: Rafi Shaik Mohammed , Ramasamy Mohankumar , Jain Divya , Muthu Kesavan , Manivannan Chandrakumar , Althaf Hussain Shaik , Deepak Paramasivam , Thiyagarajulu Nathiya , Guru Ajay , Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj Anahas , Melo Coutinho Henrique Douglas
Published: October 2024

The development of effective treatments for dental pathogens and oral cancer remains a significant challenge. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are recognized for their strong antimicrobial properties, attributed to the synthesis of oxygen‐dependent radicals. α‐Mangostin (MG), a natural xanthone from mangosteen fruit, is well‐known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential. The combination of CuO NPs with MG would offer a synergistic approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy. CuO‐MG NPs were synthesized and characterized for their size, morphology, and surface properties. The antimicrobial efficacy of these nanoparticles was tested against oral pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity was assessed using superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical anion. The anticancer potential was evaluated by examining apoptosis induction in oral cancer cell lines, focusing on the expression of key apoptotic markers such as Caspase‐3, Caspase‐8, and FasL. Molecular docking simulations were performed to understand the interaction between MG and biofilm receptors. The CuO‐MG NPs evidenced significant antimicrobial efficacy against all tested oral pathogens, with enhanced efficacy attributed to the combined effects of CuO‐induced oxidative stress and the antimicrobial properties of MG. Antioxidant assays demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase in radical scavenging activity. In oral cancer cells, CuO‐MG NPs significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the up‐regulation of Caspase‐3, Caspase‐8, and FasL. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding affinities of MG to key biofilm receptors, disrupting pathogen adhesion and biofilm formation. The combination of CuO NPs and MG offers a powerful and multifaceted therapeutic approach to oral healthcare. CuO‐MG NPs demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, offering a potential approach for the management of oral infections and oral cancer. Further preclinical and clinical studies are recommended to ensure their safety and stability in medical applications.
Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis of Panepoxydone Derivatives with Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Yu Huiping , Hao Xuejing , Gao Yungeng , Yang Lin , Qin Yao , Li Xiaoqing , Yang Yan‐Long
Published: October 2024

Panepoxydone is a natural NF‐κB inhibitor isolated from basidiomycetes belonging to the genus Panus and Lentinus. It is biosynthesized from prenylhydroquinone through successive hydroxylation, epoxidation, and reduction reactions. In this study, we establish an efficient precursor‐directed biosynthesis strategy for the structural expansion of panepoxydone based on its biosynthetic pathway. Supplementation of the panepoxydone‐producing strain, Panus rudis, with various prenylhydroquinone analogues enabled the production of fourteen previously undescribed panepoxydone derivatives, panepoxyquinoid A−N (2–14). The obtained panepoxydone derivatives together with their parental molecules were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on LPS‐induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1, 5–6, 10–11, and 14–15 displayed significant suppressive effects on LPS‐induced NO production with IC50 values ranging from 4.3 to 30.1 μM.
A Sodium Metal‐Organic Framework with Deep Blue Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wei Yan‐Mei , Li Chen‐Hui , Dong Min , Huang Rui‐Kang , Pang Wei , Xu Zhong , Wei Yongbiao , Qin Weirong , Huang Jing , Huang Yong , Ye Jia‐Wen , Huang Jin
Published: October 2024

It is a great challenge to manufacture room‐temperature blue long afterglow phosphorescent materials adapted to environmental conditions. Herein, an Na‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) was constructed using Na+ and 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid, which exhibits long‐lived of 378.9 ms, deep blue and room‐temperature phosphorescence, meanwhile possesses the visible blue afterglow for 3~6 seconds after removing excitation light source. The three‐dimensional coordination bonds network provided by Na‐based MOF protects the organic ligands intrinsic hydrogen bond network, resulting in the phosphor lifetime and residual color remaining unchanged in different gas atmospheres. Furthermore, first‐principles time‐dependent density functional theory reveals that the rigid Na‐based MOF structure can limit the rotation and vibration of the room‐temperature phosphorescent organic ligands. This limitation results in the suppression of non‐radiative decay for both singlet and triplet excitons, promotes intersystem crossing, and increases the rate of radiative decay, ultimately achieving long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence.
Comparative Analysis of Tetravalent Actinide Schiff Base Complexes: Influence of Donor and Ligand Backbone on Molecular Geometry and Metal Binding
Authors: Duckworth Tamara M. , Gericke Robert , Kaden Peter , Köhler Luisa , Näder Adrian , März Juliane , Patzschke Michael , Stumpf Thorsten , Schmidt Moritz
Published: October 2024

A series of isostructural early actinide AnIV complexes was synthesized in order to investigate the influence of a conjugated framework in the ligand backbone on An bonding. Therefore, the AnIV complexes [An(pyrophen)2] (An = Th, U, Np, and Pu) with the pure N–donor ligand bis(2‐pyrrolecarbonylaldehyde)‐o‐phenylenediamine referred to as pyrophen, were synthesized and characterized. Solid state analysis via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) reveals two sets of ligands binding in an almost orthogonal arrangement to the actinide center. For the larger actinides Th and U, the coordination sphere allows for additional coordination by a solvent molecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies show the presence of highly symmetrical complexes in solution in good agreement with the solvent‐free solid structures. While SC‐XRD suggests mainly ionic binding, an analysis of paramagnetic NMR contributions and quantum chemical bond analysis hint towards significant covalency in the U, Np, and Pu compounds. This series of An complexes allowed for a thorough structural and theoretical comparison of a conjugated system to a closely related N‐donor ligand (pyren),[1] as well as to the mixed N,O Schiff base ligands salophen (conjugated) and salen (non‐conjugated).
Anticipation in families with MLH1‐associated Lynch syndrome
Authors: Pandey Arti S. , Drogan Christine , Huo Dezheng , Postula Kristen , Garg Shreshtha M. , Kupfer Sonia S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal‐dominant, hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic variants (PVs) in one of the mismatch‐repair genes MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6, or PMS2. Individuals who have MLH1 PVs have high lifetime risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer (EC). There is controversy regarding whether a younger age at diagnosis (or anticipation) occurs in MLH1‐associated LS. The objective of this study was to assess anticipation in families with MLH1‐associated LS by using statistical models while controlling for potential confounders.

Methods

Data from 31 families with MLH1 PVs were obtained from an academic registry. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests on parent–child‐pairs as well as parametric Weibull and semiparametric Cox proportional hazards and Cox mixed‐effects models were used to calculate hazard ratios or to compare mean ages at CRC/EC diagnosis by generation. Models were also corrected for ascertainment bias and birth‐cohort effects.

Results

A trend toward younger ages at diagnosis of CRC/EC in successive generations, ranging from 3.2 to 15.7 years, was observed in MLH1 PV carrier families. A greater hazard for cancer in younger generations was not precluded by the inclusion of birth cohorts in the model. Individuals who had MLH1 variants with no Mlh1 activity were at a 78% greater hazard for CRC/EC than those who retained Mlh1 activity.

Conclusions

The current results demonstrated evidence in support of anticipation in families with MLH1‐associated LS across all statistical models. Mutational effects on Mlh1 activity influenced the hazard for CRC/EC. Screening based on the youngest age of cancer diagnosis in MLH1‐LS families is recommended.
Numerical Investigation of the Blast‐Induced Injuries Using an Open‐Source Detailed Human Model
Authors: Morena Alberto , Peroni Lorenzo , Scapin Martina
Published: October 2024

Blasts are a threat both in military and civil contexts due not only to explosive devices but also to gas leakages or other accidents. Numerical models could aid to plan response strategies in the short and long term. Nevertheless, due to modeling complexities, a standardized computational framework has not been established yet. In this challenging context, the present study assesses the prediction of blast‐induced traumas by using the total human model for safety (THUMS) human model, which has never been attempted before to the authors knowledge. The pedestrian model is publicly available, hence the demonstration of its suitability to predict blast injuries could benefit the establishment of a common modeling framework. Therefore, the THUMS human model was exposed to different blast scenarios both in free field and partially confined spaces and the response of vital organs was investigated. Trauma patterns to internal organs of the THUMS were consistent with available experimental data and injury thresholds. In conclusion, THUMS open‐source human model demonstrated its validity to reproduce primary blast‐related injuries, addressing the development of standardization of numerical simulations of human response to explosions.
Construction of PtAg‐on‐Au Heterostructured Nanoplates for Improved Electrocatalytic Activity of Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Wu Quansen , Min Yuanyuan , Wang Yingying , Ma Yanyun , Zheng Yiqun
Published: October 2024

Direct formic acid fuel cells have attracted significant attention due to their low fuel crossover, high safety, and high theoretical power density among all proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to studying formic acid oxidation, particularly in the fabrication of high‐performance electrocatalysts with economical utilization of Pt metal. In this work, we report a synthetic strategy to create PtAg dots supported on plate‐like Au nanoparticles and explore their applications in electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation. The highly dispersed nature of the catalytic Pt centers and the successful construction of PtAg−Au trimetallic interfaces makes the current nanostructure an ideal system to allow for a synergetic effect between Pt, Au, and Ag, leading to improved electrocatalysis. Compared with commercial Pt/C, our PtAg‐on‐Au heterogenous nanoplates exhibit superior mass activity, along with enhanced reaction kinetics and long‐term durability for FAOR in an acidic medium. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation results indicate that AgPtAu(111) exhibits a relatively high activity for HCOOH oxidation into CO2 among the various Au‐based catalysts. This work provides a viable strategy for constructing Pt‐based electrocatalysts with controlled Pt ensembles, offering insights into the development of fuel cell catalysts that make highly efficient use of costly noble metals.
Kindling Models of Epileptogenesis for Developing Disease‐Modifying Drugs for Epilepsy
Authors: Reddy Doodipala Samba , Vadassery Abhinav , Ramakrishnan Sreevidhya , Singh Tanveer , Clossen Bryan , Wu Xin
Published: October 2024

Kindling models are widely used animal models to study the pathobiology of epilepsy and epileptogenesis. These models exhibit distinctive features whereby sub‐threshold stimuli instigate the initial induction of brief focal seizures. Over time, the severity and duration of these seizures progressively increase, leading to a fully epileptic state, which is marked by consistent development of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Kindling involves focal stimulation via implanted depth electrodes or repeated administration of chemoconvulsants such as pentylenetetrazol. Comparative analysis of preclinical and clinical findings has confirmed a high predictive validity of fully kindled animals for testing novel antiseizure medications. Thus, kindling models remain an essential component of anticonvulsant drug development programs. This article provides a comprehensive guide to working protocols, testing of therapeutic drugs, outcome parameters, troubleshooting, and data analysis for various electrical and chemical kindling epileptogenesis models for new therapeutic development and optimization. The use of pharmacological agents or genetically modified mice in kindling experiments is valuable, offering insights into the impact of a specific target on various aspects of seizures, including thresholds, initiation, spread, termination, and the generation of a hyperexcitable network. These kindling epileptogenesis paradigms are helpful in identifying mechanisms and disease‐modifying interventions for epilepsy. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Hippocampal kindling

Basic Protocol 2: Amygdala kindling

Basic Protocol 3: Rapid hippocampal kindling

Basic Protocol 4: Chemical kindling
From Critical Raw Materials to Circular Raw Materials
Authors: van Gaalen Joost M. , Chris Slootweg J.
Published: October 2024

This perspective addresses the key challenge of advancing the use of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and proposes a transition towards circular raw material management. In the context of our current economy, the unsustainable consumption, environmental degradation, geopolitical risks, and economic vulnerabilities associated with CRMs highlight the limitations in ensuring long‐term CRM availability, emphasizing the environmental, social, and economic implications. In response, this perspective underlines a multifaceted technological approach to mitigate CRM criticality, focusing on reducing CRM use, substituting CRMs with less critical materials, and enhancing recovery and recycling processes, with Design for Circularity as the most impactful solution. The latter advocates for a paradigm shift in product design and material utilization, emphasizing principles like modular design, product life extension, and the transition from product ownership to service models. Such a holistic approach is not only crucial for sustainable CRM management, but is also key to fostering a resilient and low‐carbon economy.
Efficient Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans on Sustainable Feedstocks
Authors: Liu Ziyao , Siddique Faiza , Wei Yan , Haque Md. Ariful , Na Li , Yang Xiaofeng , Lin Carol Sze Ki
Published: October 2024

The production of bacterial cellulose (BC) has indeed garnered global attention due to its versatile properties and applications. Despite potential benefits, the challenges like low productivity, high fermentation costs, and expensive culture media hinder its industrialization. Utilizing low‐cost substrates, especially waste streams, can help address the challenges. In this study, waste feedstocks such as restaurant leftovers, oranges, and grapefruit from canteens and supermarkets were valorized for BC production by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans. Orange juice is a fascinating substrate with a highest concentration of 20.6 g/L and productivity of 2.05 g/L/d. Using HS medium with supplementary ions, organic acids, ethanol, and various carbon sources is a strategic approach for enhancing BC production. The study reveals that the addition of organic acids or ethanol moderately increased BC production, while ions inhibit BC synthesis, highlighting the complex interplay between various cultivation medium components. Additionally, fermentation with K. sucrofermentans using single and mixed carbon sources was conducted to elucidate the potential metabolic mechanism of BC production. Through alkaline treatment and drying in a 30 °C incubator, we produced the highest quality BC with 92.09 % crystallinity. Overall, the study enhances BC production knowledge and provides green and sustainable strategies for fermentative BC production.
New Redox Chemistries of Halogens in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Chen Ruiyong
Published: October 2024

Halogen‐based redox‐active materials represent an important class of materials in aqueous electrochemistry. The existence of versatile halogen species and their rich bonding coordination create great flexibility in designing new redox couples. Novel redox reaction mechanisms and electrochemical reversibility can be unlocked in specifically configurated electrolyte environments and electrodes. In this review, the halogen‐based redox couples and their appealing redox chemistries in aqueous batteries, including redox flow batteries and traditional static batteries that have been studied in recent years, are discussed. New aqueous electrochemistry provides hope to outperform the state‐of‐the‐art materials and systems that are facing resources and performance limitation, and to enrich the existing battery chemistries.
The outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition for small focal liver lesions measuring ≤2 cm
Authors: Takano Yuichi , Tamai Naoki , Yamawaki Masataka , Noda Jun , Azami Tetsushi , Niiya Fumitaka , Nishimoto Fumiya , Maruoka Naotaka , Yamagami Tatsuya , Nagahama Masatsugu
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) for focal liver lesions has gained attention as an alternative to percutaneous biopsy. Although the outcomes of EUS‐TA for focal liver lesions have been reported to be favorable, no studies have focused on small focal liver lesions (≤2 cm). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of EUS‐TA for small focal liver lesions (≤2 cm).

Methods

The details of EUS‐TA performed for focal liver lesions between 2016 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The outcomes were compared between cases involving ≤2 cm lesions and those involving >2 cm lesions. The primary outcomes were diagnostic ability and adverse events.

Results

EUS‐TA for focal liver lesions was performed in 109 cases. Of the 109 cases, 32 (29.3%) involved ≤2 cm lesions and 77 (70.6%) involved >2 cm lesions. Right lobe lesions and transduodenal puncture were significantly fewer in the ≤2 cm group. There were no significant differences in needle gauge, needle type, or number of punctures between the groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 96.8%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively, in the ≤2 cm group and 97.4%, 100%, and 97.4%, respectively, in the >2 cm group, with no significant differences between the groups. There was no difference in adverse events between the groups (0% in the ≤2 cm group and 2.3% in the >2 cm group).

Conclusions

EUS‐TA for small focal liver lesions measuring ≤2 cm has favorable outcomes, which are similar to those for lesions measuring >2 cm.
Population monitoring and conservation implications of intra‐ and interspecific nest occupation rates in swallows
Authors: Tella José L. , Sánchez‐Prieto Cristina B. , Romero‐Vidal Pedro , Serrano David , Blanco Guillermo
Published: October 2024

With the exception of a few groups of birds, such as large raptors and colonial seabirds, direct counts of nests cannot be conducted over very large areas for most of the abundant and widely distributed species, and thus indirect methods are used to estimate their relative abundances and population sizes. However, many species of the Family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins) build their mud nests in discrete, predictable and accessible sites, which are reused across years. Therefore, the direct count of active nests could constitute a reliable method for estimating breeding population sizes and their changes at large spatial and temporal scales. We illustrate the feasibility of this monitoring approach through a single year survey of >2700 nests of three coexisting Old‐World species, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), the red‐rumped swallow (Cecropis daurica), and the crag martin (Ptyonoprogne rupestris), distributed across Portugal and Spain. Our results revealed changes in the use of nesting substrates and increases in interspecific nest usurpation rates over recent decades. While 56% of the nests of C. daurica were located in rocks five decades ago, almost 100% are nowadays located in anthropogenic substrates such as bridges, road culverts, and abandoned buildings, which could have favored the range expansion of this species. Nest occupation rates were surprisingly low (12% in C. daurica, 21% in H. rustica, and 37% in P. rupestris), and the proportion of abandoned nesting sites was very high (65% in C. daurica, 50% in H. rustica, and 27% in P. rupestris). Abandonment rates reflect the population decline reported for H. rustica. Notably, the usurpation of nests of C. daurica by house sparrows Passer domesticus, which is the main cause of breeding failure, has increased from 2.4% in 1976–1979 to 34.7% of the nests nowadays. The long‐term monitoring of nests may constitute a reliable and affordable method, with the help of citizen science, for assessing changes in breeding population sizes and conservation threats of these and other mud‐nest building hirundines worldwide.
Seasonal variations in composition and function of gut microbiota in grazing yaks: Implications for adaptation to dietary shift on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau
Authors: Wang Xungang , Guo Tongqing , Zhang Qian , Zhao Na , Hu Linyong , Liu Hongjin , Xu Shixiao
Published: October 2024

Gut microbiome of animals is affected by external environmental factors and can assist them in adapting to changing environments effectively. Consequently, elucidating the gut microbes of animals under different environmental conditions can provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of their adaptations to environmental change, with a particular focus on animals in extreme environments. In this study, we compared the structural and functional differences of the gut microbiome of grazing yaks between the summer and winter seasons through metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results indicated that the composition and function of microbes changed significantly. The study demonstrated an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in winter, this process facilitated the adaptation of yaks to the consumption of low‐nutrient forages in the winter. Furthermore, the network structure exhibited greater complexity in the winter. Forage nutrition exhibited a significant seasonal variation, with a notable impact on the gut microbiota. The metagenomic analysis revealed an increase in the abundance of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism, axillary activity, and mucin degradation in the winter. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the gut microbiome of grazing yaks exhibits several adaptive characteristics that facilitate better nutrient accessibility and acid the host in acclimating to the harsh winter conditions. Furthermore, our study offers novel insights into the mechanisms of highland animal adaptation to external environments from the perspective of the gut microbiome.
Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed a Lack of Risk Perception by Native Tadpoles Toward Novel Non‐Native Fish
Authors: Wang Yuanfei , Zhu Yudong , He Liuyang , Yu Haoqi , Lin Xiuqin , Ran Jianghong , Xie Feng
Published: October 2024

The introduction of alien species poses a serious threat to native biodiversity, and mountain lake systems in the southwest of China are particularly vulnerable to the introduction of non‐native fish. The prey naivety hypothesis states that native species may not be able to recognize novel introduced species due to a lack of common evolutionary background and therefore become easy targets, so the impacts of non‐native fish on mountain endemic amphibians need to be urgently assessed. In an ex‐situ experiment, we exposed the tadpoles of the Chaochiao Brown Frog (Rana chaochiaoensis), endemic to western China, to kairomones of both native and translocated fish species, and their phenotypic and genetic response patterns were compared. The results revealed significant phenotypic plasticity responses in total length (TOL), tail length (TL), and tail muscle width (TW) of tadpoles induced by native fish kairomone, while tadpoles exposed to translocated fish kairomone exhibited weaker phenotypic changes. At the transcriptional level, the number of differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the native fish treatment was 3.1‐fold (liver) and 52.6‐fold (tail muscle) higher than in the translocated fish treatment, respectively. There were more unique DEGs in the native fish treatment, primarily enriched in terms and pathways related to stress response, energy metabolism, and muscle development. The study revealed a lack of risk perception by native tadpoles toward novel non‐native fish, providing new evidence for the prey naivety hypothesis from both phenotypic and molecular perspectives. Future conservation efforts should prioritize assessing the impacts of non‐native fish on alpine and subalpine threatened and narrowly distributed amphibians. Additionally, prevention, early warning, monitoring, and removal of non‐native fish should be carried out as soon as possible.
Regioselective Synthesis of Thiazole‐5‐thione Based on [2+3] Annulation Trapping of α‐Keto Sulfine with Thioamide
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Lin Yingxue , Guo Mingyang , Xu Kewen , Zhu Jinhui , Dong Jun
Published: October 2024

Aiming to develop novel annulation reactions using sulfine intermediates, we have established a regioselective formal [2+3] cyclization reaction of α‐keto sulfines generated from the elimination of arylacyl sulfoxides and thioamides. This new strategy allows for the synthesis of thiazole‐5‐thiones directly without catalysts or additives. The approach features a step‐economic, one‐pot characteristics via a tandem sequence of in situ α‐keto sulfines generation, regiospecifically nucleophilic attack or [3+2] cyclizatoin, dithioate (S=C−S−) skeletons formation, and subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization. This reaction also represents a novel method for constructing dithioate (S=C−S−) skeletons.
Pyrolysis models for pressure treated wood and wood–plastic composite
Authors: Lee Sangkyu , De Beer Jacques A. , Stoliarov Stanislav I. , Sunderland Peter B. , Gollner Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Pressure treated wood (PTW) and wood–plastic composites such as Trex® are popular materials for the construction of decks and other auxiliary structures, which are known to significantly contribute to spread of wildland fires into communities. In this work, representative samples of these materials were studied to determine their pyrolysis and combustion properties to enable simulation of fire growth on the surface of these building products. The pyrolysis property development process followed a well‐established hierarchical approach where thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscale combustion calorimetry were used to parametrize kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal decomposition and combustion, while controlled atmosphere pyrolysis and cone calorimetry tests performed on coupon‐sized samples were used to parameterize thermal transport properties and validate performance of the fully parametrized pyrolysis models. PTW decomposition was captured using four sequential reactions with one additional reaction used to model vaporization of water. Trex® board was found to consist of two distinct layers: a thin outer layer and an internal core. The pyrolysis model for this material was constructed using some known properties of high‐density polyethylene (PE) and the properties of PTW determined in this work. The outer layer was defined in the model to consist of PE and an inert additive, while the core was defined as a blend of PE and wood particles, which kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal decomposition and combustion were successfully captured using the model developed for PTW.
Berry pomace as a potential ingredient for plant‐based meat analogs
Authors: Zhang Jingnan , Li Yiyao
Published: October 2024

Given the projected global population growth and the associated increase in demand for sustainable and nutritious food options, plant‐based meat analogs are increasingly popular. Berry pomace, a by‐product of the juice and wine industry, emerges as a promising ingredient for enhancing these products. This paper comprehensively explores the innovative use of berry pomace in the development of plant‐based meat analogs. It highlights key components such as antioxidants, natural colorants, dietary fibers, oils, and micronutrients, which significantly contribute to enhancing the nutritional profiles, sensory qualities, and shelf stability of these analogs. Methods for incorporating berry pomace into plant‐based meats, including direct addition and the addition of berry pomace extract using innovative technologies, such as high‐moisture extrusion, 3D printing and emulsion methods, are discussed. Moreover, the challenges of integrating berry pomace into plant‐based meats are critically analyzed, focusing on variability in pomace composition, potential sensory impact, and the technological adaptations required for optimal use in food production. The potential of berry pomace to enhance both the quality and appeal of plant‐based meats is highlighted, underscoring its significant contribution to the development of more sustainable food systems by valorizing food waste to high‐value products.