bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serendipitous Observation of AlI Insertion into a C−O Bond in L2PhB (L=Oxazol‐2‐ylidene)
Authors: Kong Lingbing , Ganguly Rakesh , Li Yongxin , Kinjo Rei
Published: January 2016

Oxidative addition of the C−O bond in L2PhB: (L=oxazol‐2‐ylidene) to an AlI center induced ring expansion of an oxazol‐2‐ylidene ring, affording a unique organoboron species formally involving either an Al, N, O mixed heterocyclic carbene or anionic (amino)(boryl)carbene fragment.
Combining the Advantages of Tetrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles: 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, 4,5‐Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, and their Energetic Derivatives
Authors: Dippold Alexander A. , Izsák Dániel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Pflüger Carolin
Published: January 2016

In the development of new energetic materials, the main challenge is the combination of high energy content with chemical and mechanical stability, two properties that are often contradictory. In this study, the syntheses and comprehensive characterizations of 4,5‐bis(tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole and the novel 4,5‐bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, as well as their energetic properties, are presented, combining the advantages of the more energetic tetrazole and the more stable 1,2,3‐triazole rings. Nitrogen‐rich salts of both compounds were synthesized to investigate their detonation performances and combustion behavior calculated by computer codes for potential application in erosion‐reduced gun propellant mixtures due to their high nitrogen content. The structures of several of the compounds were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and, especially in the case of 4,5‐bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, revealed the site of deprotonation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mixed Metal(III) Tungstenyl(VI) ortho‐Pyrophosphates.
Authors: Roy S. C. , Raguz B. , Assenmacher W. , Glaum R.
Published: January 2016

MIII(WVIO2)2 (P2O7)(PO4) (M: Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ru, Rh, In, Ir) are obtained via vapor phase moderated solid state reactions of P4O10, WVOPO4, β‐VOPO4, and trivalent transition metal phosphates using PtCl2 as mineralizer and Cl2 source (evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Raman Scattering Characterization of Cu2Fe1‐xCoxSnS4 Chalcogenide Compounds.
Authors: Lopez‐Vergara F. , Galdamez A. , Manriquez V. , Gonzalez Guillermo
Published: January 2016

Polycrystalline Cu2Fe1‐xCoxSnS4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) solid solutions are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements in stoichiometric amounts (evacuated quartz tubes, 850 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Drastic Change of Electrical Conductivity in Pr2CuO4 by Isovalent La Doping.
Authors: Kolchina L. M. , Lyskov N. V. , Kazakov S. M. , Mazo G. N. , Antipov E. V.
Published: January 2016

Polycrystalline samples of Pr2‐xLaxCuO4.+‐.δ (x = 0—0.3) are prepared by firing La2O3, Pr6O11, and CuO in air (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Interactions in the Double Perovskites R2NiMnO6 (R: Tb, Ho, Er, Tm) Investigated by Neutron Diffraction.
Authors: Retuerto Maria , Munoz Angel , Martinez‐Lope Maria Jesus , Alonso Jose Antonio , Mompean Federico J. , Fernandez‐Diaz Maria Teresa , Sanchez‐Benitez Javier
Published: January 2016

The title perovskites (obtained from citrate precursors at 900 °C for 12 h) are characterized by XRD, neutron powder diffraction, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamagnetic Ru2+ in Na2La2Ti2RuO10—x (0 < x < 2): A Series of Complex Oxides Prepared by Topochemical Reduction.
Authors: Pratt Jacob A. , Shepherd Ashley M. , Hayward Michael A.
Published: January 2016

The title oxides are prepared via topochemical reduction of Na2La2Ti2RuO10 in 5% H2/95% N2 (300—900 °C, 6—72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasonic‐Assisted One‐Pot Preparation of ZnO/Ag3VO4 Nanocomposites for Efficiently Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Kiantazh Fariba , Habibi‐Yangjeh Aziz
Published: January 2016

ZnO/Ag3VO4 nanocomposites with varying mole fractions of Ag3VO4 are prepared by addition of aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Rearrangement of 2,3‐Diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridines.
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Sorokina Mariia V. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2016

2,3‐Diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridines and 2,3‐diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridine‐2‐carbonitriles are found to readily undergo thermal rearrangement into imines via 1,2‐migration of the phthalimido group and accompanying C—C bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective α‐Fluorination of Carbonyl Compounds (Ketones, 1,3‐Diketones, β‐Ketoesters, α‐Nitroketones, and β‐Ketonitriles) with Selectfluor (F‐TEDA‐BF4) in Imidazolium ILs [BMIM/PF6 or BMIM/NTf2] with Broensted‐Acidic IL [PMIM(SO3H)/OTf] as Promoter.
Authors: Reddy A. Srinivas , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: January 2016

The ionic liquid solvent [bmim]PF6 is recycled and reused in four additional reactions while providing slightly decreasing reaction yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Mukaiyama Reagent/NaNO2/Wet SiO2 as a Mild and Heterogeneous Reagent System for the N‐Nitrosation of Amines and Preparation of Azides from Hydrazines.
Authors: Azadi Roya , Kolivand Khatereh
Published: January 2016

The simple protocol allows the nitrosation under mild conditions to give nitrosamines and azides in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Gou Quan , Liu Gang , Liu Zi‐Ning , Qin Jun
Published: January 2016

This is the first Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Free Umpolung Carbon—Nitrogen versus Carbon—Chlorine Bond Formation.
Authors: Sirois John J. , DeBoef Brenton
Published: January 2016

N‐Chloroamines react with aryl Grignard reagents to give the corresponding N‐arylated products, mostly in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Radical C—C Bond Cleavage of N—H Ketimines.
Authors: Tnay Ya Lin , Ang Gim Yean , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: January 2016

The title process is applied for the synthesis of oxaspirocyclohexadienones as well as in the electrophilic cyanation of Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: NiCl2·6H2O: An Efficient Catalyst Precursor for Phosphine‐Free Heck and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Nowrouzi Najmeh , Zarei Marjan
Published: January 2016

An efficient and simple protocol for the Heck reaction of aryl halides using NiCl2·6H2O as the pre‐catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Retentive Domino Transmetalations of Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds to Functionalized Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents.
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Simon Meike , Mose Rasmus , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2016

The title sequence follows the conditions A)—D) where the starting substrates have a defined stereochemistry with a high d.e.
ChemInform Abstract: N,2‐Dibromo‐6‐chloro‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e] [1,2,4]thiadiazine‐7‐sulfonamide 1,1‐Dioxide: An Efficient and Homogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 4H‐Pyran, Pyranopyrazole and Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine Derivatives under Aqueous Media.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Karimitabar Fatemeh , Nikokar Iraj , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza
Published: January 2016

A wide range of the title compounds are conveniently obtained under aqueous, environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Cyclophanes via Fischer Indolization and Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Substrate‐Controlled Stereochemical Outcome in RCM.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chinnam Ajay Kumar , Shirbhate Mukesh E.
Published: January 2016

It is found that the configuration of the double bond formed during the RCM depends on the order of the synthetic route.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions of Glycolates as a Tool for the Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Hydroxy Esters.
Authors: Kiefer Alexander , Gawas Dnyaneshwar , Kazmaier Uli
Published: January 2016

An optimized protocol allows the introduction of side chains into the tert‐butyl glycolate (I) using allyl acetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective β‐Borilation of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles in Water.
Authors: Zhu Lei , Kitanosono Taku , Xu Pengyu , Kobayashi Shu
Published: January 2016

For the title reaction, good enantioselectivities are achieved by using a chiral 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: The Carbonyl Group Tuned Electron‐Deficient Phosphorus Ligands and Their Application in Rhodium Catalyzed Arylation to Aldehydes.
Authors: Yang Jiefang , Chen Xingyu , Wang Zhiqian
Published: January 2016

The shown ligand exhibits the best activity because of accelerating the transmetalation step in the Rh‐catalyzed reaction of aldehydes with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Controlled Pd‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Ketone Synthesis via N—C Cleavage in Twisted Amides.
Authors: Meng Guangrong , Szostak Michal
Published: January 2016

A direct cross‐coupling of boronic acids and sterically distorted amides, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Internal Oxidative Coupling of N‐Hydroxyanilides with Alkenes via C—H Activation.
Authors: Wen Jing , Wu An , Chen Pei , Zhu Jin
Published: January 2016

The ortho‐selective olefination of N‐hydroxyanilides is directed by the N‐hydroxy group which also acts as the required oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Protection and Deprotection of Amines for Iron Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Bathini Thulasiram , Rawat Vikas S. , Bojja Sreedhar
Published: January 2016

Carbon dioxide is found to be the ideal protecting group for the in situ protection and deprotection of amines for the oxidative amination of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Meerwein Cascade Reactions for the Preparation of α‐Aryl Esters.
Authors: Niu Teng‐fei , Li Liang , Ni Bang‐qing , Bu Mei‐jie , Cai Chun , Jiang Hui‐liang
Published: January 2016

The transformations are carried out at room temperature in the presence of molecular O2 as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Tri‐ and Difluoromethyl Thioethers via a C—H‐Thiocyanation/Fluoroalkylation Cascade.
Authors: Jouvin Kevin , Matheis Christian , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers and aryl difluoromethyl thioethers proceed with remarkable regioselectivity for the most electron‐rich, sterically least hindered position of the arene.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycles Derived from Arylphosphinamides for Mild Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings.
Authors: Wu Guo‐Jie , Han Fu‐She , Zhao Yu‐Long
Published: January 2016

A wide variety of biaryls is synthesized through Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl bromides or aryl triflates with (het)aryl boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Zinc‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Terminal Aromatic Alkynes.
Authors: Thankachan Amrutha P. , Sindhu K. S. , Krishnan K. Keerthi , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: January 2016

Depending on the functional groups of the aryl substituent, the products are obtained in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacid Mediated Intramolecular Condensation: Facile Synthesis of Indenones and Indanones.
Authors: Ramulu Bokka Venkat , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: January 2016

It is shown that the intramolecular acylation leads to a rearrangement of the olefin bond to the exo‐position of the five‐membered rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Acetoxylation/ortho C—H Activation/Carbocyclization of Arylallenes.
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Banerjee Debasis , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: January 2016

This novel and efficient title reaction gives access to synthetically important functionalized indenes.
ChemInform Abstract: MeOTf‐Induced Carboannulation of Isothiocyanates and Aryl Alkynes with C=S Bond Cleavage: Access to Indenones.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Liu Yu , Xi Chanjuan
Published: January 2016

A triflate‐induced cyclization of isothiocyanates and aryl alkynes provides indenones containing a 3‐methylthio moiety in good yields under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hg(OTf)2 Catalyzed Intramolecular 1,4‐Addition of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropenesto Arenes.
Authors: Deng Yongming , Jing Changcheng , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: January 2016

The title reaction is described to yield bicyclo[3.2.2]nonatriene derivatives (II) and (V) as sole or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Octahedral Complexes of Co(III) as Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Chalcones under Phase Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Larionov Vladimir A. , Markelova Elina P. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Savel'yeva Tat'yana F. , Maleev Victor I. , Belokon Yuri N.
Published: January 2016

The same type of catalyst is found to catalyze the coupling of the obtained epoxide (IIIa) with CO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of syn‐β‐Lactams Using Rh‐Catalyzed Reductive Mannich‐Type Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Isoda Motoyuki , Sato Kazuyuki , Funakoshi Masato , Omura Keiko , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira
Published: January 2016

Reaction conditions are optimized for the Rh‐hydride complex catalyzed reaction of α,β‐unsaturated esters with imines to give syn‐3,4‐disubstituted β‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Strategy for Enantioselective Construction of Multisubstituted Five‐Membered Oxygen Heterocycles via a Domino Michael/Hemiketalization Reaction.
Authors: Hua Yuan‐Zhao , Liu Meng‐Meng , Huang Pei‐Jin , Song Xixi , Wang Min‐Can , Chang Jun‐Biao
Published: January 2016

The reaction of α‐hydroxyacetophenone (II) with a series of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters under conditions A) affords tetrasubstituted furans (III) with excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxoiridium/Chiral Diene Complexes as Effective Catalysts for Asymmetric Annulation of α‐Oxo‐ and Iminocarboxamides with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Hatano Miyuki , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: January 2016

A broad spectrum of highly functionalized γ‐lactam structures is available in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities in the presence of the Ir catalyst containing ligand (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenative Formal [2 + 3] Cyclization of Glycine Esters with α‐Angelicalactone: Approach to Construct Polysubstituted Pyrrolidones.
Authors: Huo Congde , Yuan Yong , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing , Wang Yajun
Published: January 2016

The scalable reaction delivers a diastereomeric mixture of 3‐acetyl‐4‐methoxycarbonyl substituted pyrrolidinones, and depending on the N‐aryl substituent the products are obtained in low to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Contraction of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)piperidines: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines.
Authors: Feraldi‐Xypolia Alexandra , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2016

The key step for the synthesis of the title pyrrolidines is the Tf2O‐induced ring contraction of piperidine (I) leading to the key aziridinium intermediate which is regioselectively opened by different nucleophiles, such as alcohols, amines, thiols, carbanions, or halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—H Annulation of Nitrones with Alkynes: A Regiospecific Route to Unsymmetrical 2,3‐Diaryl‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Xin Xiaoyi , Wang Chunxiang , Wan Boshun
Published: January 2016

N‐Phenyl‐α‐arylnitrones react with symmetrical dialkylacetylenes to form unsymmetrically 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted N‐unprotected indole derivatives in moderate to often high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐tert‐butyl Peroxide (DTBP) Promoted Dehydrogenative Coupling: An Expedient and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Oxindoles via Intramolecular C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Mondal Biplab , Roy Brindaban
Published: January 2016

A variety of oxindoles is efficiently synthesized through intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling using di‐tert‐butyl peroxide as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Synthesis of Sulfonated Oxindoles from N‐Arylacrylamides and Arylsulfinic Acids by Means of a Cascade C—S/C—C Formation Process.
Authors: Xia Dong , Miao Tao , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: January 2016

The method allows the access to a broad spectrum of functionalized oxindoles including higher ring systems (XII) and (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Activation: Rapid Access to Isoxazole or Coumarin‐Fused 3‐Quaternary Carbon Oxindoles and Isoxazole‐Fused Pyrrolidinones.
Authors: Liu Xiong‐Li , Jing De‐Hong , Yao Zhen , Zhang Wen‐Hui , Liu Xiong‐Wei , Yang Zhou‐Jie , Zhao Zhi , Zhou Ying , Li Xiao‐Nian
Published: January 2016

Most of the products show in vitro inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC96) comparable to Penicillin.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of Indolylmethylium Ions: Scope and Limitations in Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Follet Elsa , Berionni Guillaume , Mayer Peter , Mayr Herbert
Published: January 2016

The reactivity of the title compounds with π‐nucleophiles (silylated enol ethers and ketone acetals) is kinetically studied using photometric monitoring at 20°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Involving 1,2‐Indole Migration.
Authors: Alvarez Estela , Nieto Faza Olalla , Silva Lopez Carlos , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto
Published: January 2016

Various indole‐functionalized benzofulvene derivatives are obtained by a cascade reaction of indoles with propargylic diols involving an unusual metal‐free 1,2‐indole migration onto an alkyne.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Redox‐Mannich Reactions: Facile Access to the Tetrahydroprotoberberine Core.
Authors: Ma Longle , Seidel Daniel
Published: January 2016

Cyclic amines undergo redox‐annulation reactions with 2‐formylaryl malonates affording the title berberine core.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1,2,5‐Trisubstituted 1H‐Imidazoles from Ketenimines and Propargylic Amines by Silver‐Catalyzed or Iodine‐Promoted Electrophilic Cyclization Reaction of Alkynes.
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Jiang Zheng , Xue Lexing , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: January 2016

In the presence of AgOTf [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/CuBr2‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative/A3 Reaction of Propiolic Acids for the Facile Synthesis of 1,4‐Diheterocycle‐2‐butynes.
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Zhao Panfeng , Sun Zhihua
Published: January 2016

A facile one‐pot protocol is developed for the decarboxylative coupling of propiolic acid, aminoalcohols, and formaldehyde to give 1,4‐disubstituted but‐2‐ynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Copper‐Catalyzed Carboarylation—Ring Closure for the Synthesis of New Oxazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Sinai Adam , Vangel Dora , Gati Tamas , Bombicz Petra , Novak Zoltan
Published: January 2016

1‐Aryl and 1‐alkylpropargylamides are transformed with arylmesityliodonium salts to deliver oxazoline derivatives with a fully substituted exo double bond in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles via Oxidative Heterocyclization: Selective C—N Bond over C—S Bond Formation.
Authors: Gogoi Anupal , Guin Srimanta , Rajamanickam Suresh , Rout Saroj Kumar , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: January 2016

Either 1,2,4‐triazole‐thiones or 1,2,4‐triazoles are efficiently obtained from arylidenearylthiosemicarbazides by simple tuning of the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective and Regiodivergent Allylic Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Ethoxydihydropyranyl Boronates: Synthesis and Confirmation of Absolute Stereochemistry of Diospongin B.
Authors: Rybak Taras , Hall Dennis G.
Published: January 2016

Depending on the ligand used the title reaction of chiral 2‐ethoxydihydropyranyl‐4‐pinacolate with (het)aryl and alkenylbromides delivers either α‐ or γ‐substituted coupling products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Access to Chromanes via the Gold‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Allenes.
Authors: Fazeli Azadeh , Pflaesterer Daniel , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: January 2016

The gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroallylation of allenes is used for the synthesis of chromanes with an exocyclic double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Quinolines and 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrroles from Alkenes via anti‐Markovnikov Selectivity.
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Hu Wan‐Ping , Garkhedkar Amol Milind , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: January 2016

An efficient, scalable reaction of 2‐acylanilines with various 1‐arylalkenes, acrylic acid derivatives, cycloalkenones or naphthoquinone to 3,4‐disubstituted quinolines is described which is not applicable to cyclic or acyclic aliphatic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirobilactams Through Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Double N‐Arylation and Phase Separation.
Authors: Liu Jianguang , Tian Yingying , Shi Jialing , Zhang Shasha , Cai Qian
Published: January 2016

A series of title compounds is prepared as building blocks for functional chiral molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Through Formation of Aza‐o‐xylylene.
Authors: Li Guangxun , Liu Hongxin , Lv Gang , Wang Yingwei , Fu Qingquan , Tang Zhuo
Published: January 2016

The developed method provides the products in high yields and with high enantiomeric excess, but requires the presence of an electron‐donating substituent in position 7 of the dihydroquinoline substrates to proceed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) via Highly Diastereoselective Ugi Three‐Component Reactions (U3CRs) with Chiral 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs).
Authors: Ramanivas T. , Gayatri G. , Priyanka D. , Nayak V. L. , Singarapu K. K. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: January 2016

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of enantiopure THIQs from DHIQs, isocyanides, and aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox‐Catalyzed Tandem Insertion/Cyclization Reactions of Difluoromethyl and 1,1‐Difluoroalkyl Radicals with Biphenyl Isocyanides.
Authors: Zhang Zuxiao , Tang Xiaojun , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: January 2016

Difluoroalkyl radicals generated from sulfonyl chlorides (II) and (IV) or bromide (VI) undergo radical isonitrile insertion reactions to provide access to phenanthridine derivatives under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of α‐Imino Gold Carbenes Through Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reaction of Azides with Ynamides.
Authors: Shu Chao , Wang Yong‐Heng , Zhou Bo , Li Xin‐Ling , Ping Yi‐Fan , Lu Xin , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: January 2016

The title reaction of ynamides of type (I), (IV), and (VI) with benzylic azides (II) offers a highly regioselective access to 2‐aminoindoles (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation Between 2‐Aminopyridine and Arylidenemalononitrile Leading to 4‐Oxo‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐3‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Mishra Subhajit , Hajra Alakananda
Published: January 2016

The new strategy for the synthesis of pyridopyrimidines (III) and (V) involves sequential aza‐Michael addition, aerobic dehydrogenation, and intramolecular amination.
ChemInform Abstract: Alcohols as Alkylating Agents in Heteroarene C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Jin Jian , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: January 2016

A mild and simple alkylation reaction utilizing a combination of photoredox and thiol hydrogen atom transfer organocatalysis for the formation of heteroaryl C—C bonds using alcohols as latent nucleophiles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Cyclocarbonylation by C—N Bond Activation.
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhang Guoying , Huang Hanmin
Published: January 2016

A fundamentally novel approach to bioactive quinolizinone structures based on the Pd‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of azaarene‐substituted allylamines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of 2‐Phenylquinazolin‐4‐amines via a Fe/Cu Relay‐Catalyzed Domino Strategy.
Authors: Jia Feng‐Cheng , Zhou Zhi‐Wen , Xu Cheng , Cai Qun , Li Deng‐Kui , Wu An‐Xin
Published: January 2016

The process is based on an elegant domino reaction between ortho‐brominated, chlorinated, iodinated, or fluorinated benzonitriles, aryl or hetarylaldehydes, and sodium azide.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Behavior of Ammonium Acetate for the Synthesis of Diverse Symmetrical/Unsymmetrical Bis[1,3]oxazines Possessing Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Ramachandran Gunasekar , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer , Sathishkumar Munusamy , Rathore Ravindranath S. , Giridharan Periyasamy
Published: January 2016

A simple and efficient approach is reported to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis[1,3]oxazines using ammonium acetate with controllable substitution patterns in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Medium‐Sized‐Ring Lactones by Organocatalytic Michael Addition Followed by Reductively Initiated Fragmentation.
Authors: Roudier Mylene , Constantieux Thierry , Quintard Adrien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: January 2016

An efficient approach to the title compounds as scaffolds in biologically active natural products is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction of CO2 into Methylene: Formation of C—N, C—O, and C—C Bonds.
Authors: Jin Guanghua , Werncke C. Gunnar , Escudie Yannick , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane , Bontemps Sebastien
Published: January 2016

Based on the use of a (dihydrido)iron complex as catalyst the conversion of hydroboranes to bis(boryl)acetal (III) using CO2 as one‐carbon source is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Reaction of Oxazirconacyclopentenes with Dichlorophenylphosphine: A New Pathway for the Formation of 1,2‐Oxaphosphole Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Yiqing , Wang Sheng , Chen Chao , Xi Chanjuan
Published: January 2016

Oxaphosphole derivatives are conveniently obtained in one‐pot from alkynes, carbonyl compounds, and dichlorophosphine in reaction with a zirconocene compound.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Phosphonomethyl α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Abdelli Abderrahmen , Efrit Mohamed Lotfi , Gaucher Anne , M'rabet Hedi , Prim Damien
Published: January 2016

An efficient method for the preparation of a novel family of functionalized phosphonomethyl α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams is established.
ChemInform Abstract: (.+‐.)‐Salviaprione, a Pair of Unprecedented Abietane‐Type Diterpeniods from Salvia prionitis.
Authors: Jiang Yong‐Jun , Zhang Yu , He Juan , Wu Xing‐De , Shao Li‐Dong , Li Xiao‐Nian , Su Jia , Peng Li‐Yan , Li Rong‐Tao , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: January 2016

(+)‐Salviaprione and (‐)‐salviaprione are isolated from the whole plant of Salvia prionitis.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Monoterpene Lactones from Cinnamomum inunctum
Authors: Fuchino Hiroyuki , Yazawa Aya , Kiuchi Fumiyuki , Kawahara Nobuo , Takahashi Yutaka , Satake Motoyoshi
Published: January 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of four novel monoterpene lactones
ChemInform Abstract: Pandalisines A and B, Novel Indolizidine Alkaloids from the Leaves of Pandanus utilis
Authors: Chang Fang‐Rong , et al.
Published: January 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of pandalisine A (I) and B (II)
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐ and (‐)‐Pestaloxazine A, a Pair of Antiviral Enantiomeric Alkaloid Dimers with a Symmetric Spiro[oxazinane‐piperazinedione] Skeleton from Pestalotiopsis sp.
Authors: Jia Yan‐Lai , Wei Mei‐Yan , Chen Hai‐Yan , Guan Fei‐Fei , Wang Chang‐Yun , Shao Chang‐Lun
Published: January 2016

Enantiomer [(+)‐I] is shown to exhibit potent antiviral activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis on Transition Metal Oxides and (Oxy)hydroxides: Activity Trends and Design Principles
Authors: Burke Michaela S. , Enman Lisa J. , Batchellor Adam S. , Zou Shihui , Boettcher Shannon W.
Published: January 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In Situ Analysis of Catalytically Active Pd Surfaces for CO Oxidation with Near Ambient Pressure XPS
Authors: Kondoh Hiroshi , Toyoshima Ryo , Monya Yuji , Yoshida Masaaki , Mase Kazuhiko , Amemiya Kenta , Mun Bongjin Simon
Published: January 2016

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Renaissance of 2,4,6‐Tris(2‐pyrimidyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TPymT) Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Frost Jamie M. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: January 2016

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Metal‐bipyridinium Frameworks: Self‐Assembly and Applications
Authors: Sun Jian‐Ke , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2016

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Group Tolerant Markovnikov‐Selective Hydrofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins Using a Cobalt Complex as Catalyst
Authors: Shigehisa Hiroki
Published: January 2016

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Journey in the Catalytic Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐oxindoles
Authors: Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Feng , Liu Yun‐Lin , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2016

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative C—H Amination
Authors: Nack William A. , Chen Gong
Published: January 2016

Review: [12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Achmatowicz Rearrangement — Oxidative Ring Expansion of Furfuryl Alcohols
Authors: Deska Jan , Thiel Daniel , Gianolio Eleonora
Published: January 2016

Review: [151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Modification of Rearrangements in Metallorganic Chemistry of Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Zhakenovich Aibassov Yerkin , Stepanovna Yemelyanova Valentina , Vladimirovna Shakieva Tatyana , Gizatulla Aibassov , Bakhyt Abenov , Maksat Bulenbayev
Published: January 2016

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spatial Reorientation Experiments for NMR of Solids and Partially Oriented Liquids
Authors: Martin Rachel W. , Kelly John E. , Collier Kelsey A.
Published: January 2016

Review: 290 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Visualization of Electrochemical Reactions in All Solid‐State Li‐Ion Batteries by Spatially Resolved Electron Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy and Electron Holography
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuo , Iriyama Yasutoshi , Hirayama Tsukasa
Published: January 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Covalent and Non‐Covalent 2D Materials
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Nazemi Ali , Manners Ian
Published: January 2016

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Dimensional Graphene Based Materials: Synthesis and Applications from Energy Storage and Conversion to Electrochemical Sensor and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Wang Hou , Yuan Xingzhong , Zeng Guangming , Wu Yan , Liu Yang , Jiang Qian , Gu Shansi
Published: January 2016

Review: 291 refs.
Work stealing for GPU‐accelerated parallel programs in a global address space framework
Authors: Arafat Humayun , Dinan James , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Balaji Pavan , Sadayappan P.
Published: January 2016

Task parallelism is an attractive approach to automatically load balance the computation in a parallel system and adapt to dynamism exhibited by parallel systems. Exploiting task parallelism through work stealing has been extensively studied in shared and distributed‐memory contexts. In this paper, we study the design of a system that uses work stealing for dynamic load balancing of task‐parallel programs executed on hybrid distributed‐memory CPU‐graphics processing unit (GPU) systems in a global‐address space framework. We take into account the unique nature of the accelerator model employed by GPUs, the significant performance difference between GPU and CPU execution as a function of problem size, and the distinct CPU and GPU memory domains. We consider various alternatives in designing a distributed work stealing algorithm for CPU‐GPU systems, while taking into account the impact of task distribution and data movement overheads. These strategies are evaluated using microbenchmarks that capture various execution configurations as well as the state‐of‐the‐art CCSD(T) application module from the computational chemistry domain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosome engineering in zygotes with CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Boroviak Katharina , Doe Brendan , Banerjee Ruby , Yang Fengtang , Bradley Allan
Published: January 2016

Deletions, duplications, and inversions of large genomic regions covering several genes are an important class of disease causing variants in humans. Modeling these structural variants in mice requires multistep processes in ES cells, which has limited their availability. Mutant mice containing small insertions, deletions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms can be reliably generated using CRISPR/Cas9 directly in mouse zygotes. Large structural variants can be generated using CRISPR/Cas9 in ES cells, but it has not been possible to generate these directly in zygotes. We now demonstrate the direct generation of deletions, duplications and inversions of up to one million base pairs by zygote injection. genesis 54:78–85, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term evaluation of the degradation behavior of three apatite‐forming calcium phosphate cements
Authors: An Jie , Liao Hongbing , Kucko Nathan W. , Herber Ralf‐Peter , Wolke Joop G. C. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Jansen John A. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G.
Published: January 2016

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are injectable bone substitutes with a long clinical history because of their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Nevertheless, their cohesion upon injection into perfused bone defects as well as their long‐term degradation behavior remain major clinical challenges. Therefore, the long‐term degradation behavior of two types of α‐tricalcium phosphate‐based, apatite‐forming CPCs was compared to a commercially available apatite‐forming cement, that is HydroSetTM. Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) was used as cohesion promotor to improve handling properties of the two experimental cements, whereas poly (d, l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles were added to introduce macroporosity and stimulate CPC degradation. All three CPCs were injected into defects drilled into rabbit femoral condyles and explanted after 4, 12, or 26 weeks, after which the bone response was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. CPCs without PLGA microparticles degraded only at the periphery of the implants, while the residual CPC volume was close to 90%. On the contrary, bone ingrowth was observed not only at the periphery of the CPC, but also throughout the center of the implants after 26 weeks of implantation for the PLGA‐containing CPCs with a residual CPC volume of approximately 55%. In conclusion, it was shown that CPC containing CMC and PLGA was able to induce partial degradation of apatite‐forming CPCs and concomitant replacement by bone tissue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1072–1081, 2016.
5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside reduces intimal hyperplasia of tissue engineering blood vessel by inhibiting phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cell
Authors: Wu Yangxiao , Liu Ge , Chen Wen , Yang Mingcan , Zhu Chuhong
Published: January 2016

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the cause of clinical failure in patients with vascular transplants and intravascular stents. The proliferation and phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in IH. Inhibiting the proliferation of VSMCs and maintaining the differentiated phenotype of VSMCs is one way to reduce IH. In this article, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) was used in experiments after drug screening. We found that the metabolism, autophagy, and differentiation of VSMCs were enhanced which were important to the normal function of VSMCs, but the secretion of VSMCs was reduced after AICAR treatment. AICAR induces G1 phase arrest and inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs using the MTT and EdU assays and cell cycle analysis. Then, the rat carotid artery vessel transplantation model was used to evaluate the function of AICAR in vivo. AICAR‐modified tissue‐engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) had a higher patency rate and less IH than the control TEBVs. In conclusion, AICAR can improve the normal function of VSMCs by increasing the metabolism and autophagy of VSMCs but inhibit the proliferation, paracrine, and phenotypes switching of VSMCs, further contribute the reducing of IH in TEBVs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 744–752, 2017.
Highly controlled coating of strontium‐doped hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) fibers
Authors: Weng Lin , Teusink Matthew J. , Shuler Franklin D. , Parecki Vivi , Xie Jingwei
Published: January 2016

Electrospun fibers show great potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering due to their architectural biomimicry to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cation substitution of strontium for calcium in hydroxyapatite (HAp) positively influences the mechanism of bone remodeling including enhancing bone regeneration and reducing bone resorption. The objective of this study was to attach strontium‐doped HAp (SrHAp) to electrospun poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers for creation of novel composite scaffolds that can not only mimic the architecture and composition of ECM but also affect bone remodeling favorably. We demonstrated for the first time the highly controlled SrHAp coatings on electrospun PCL fibers. We showed the reproducible manufacturing of composite fiber scaffolds with controllable thickness, composition, and morphology of SrHAp coatings. We further showed that the released strontium and calcium cations from coatings could reach effective concentrations within 1 day and endure more than 28 days. Additionally, the Young's modulus of the SrHAp‐coated PCL fibers was up to around six times higher than that of raw fibers dependent on the coating thickness and composition. Together, this novel class of composite fiber scaffolds may hold great promise for bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 753–763, 2017.
Parenchyma‐preserving hepatectomy based on portal ramification and perfusion of the right anterior section: preserving the ventral or dorsal area
Authors: Kurimoto Ami , Yamanaka Junichi , Hai Seikan , Kondo Yuichi , Sueoka Hideaki , Ohashi Koichiro , Asano Yasukane , Hirano Tadamichi , Fujimoto Jiro
Published: January 2016

Background

Anatomical hepatectomy aims to eliminate the spread of malignant tumor cells via portal vein systemically. An anatomical concept of the right anterior section (RAS) and preservation of the liver parenchyma within the RAS has been proposed.

Methods

We focused on the anatomical concept of the RAS based on portal perfusion and described surgical procedures to preserve the ventral or dorsal RAS using preoperative simulation.

Results

In 370 patients undergoing a preoperative simulation, the ramification of the tertiary portal branches of the RAS could be divided into three types including the cranio‐caudal type; Couinaud's classification in 50% of patients, ventro‐dorsal type in 26% of patients, and multiple type in 24% of patients. Then in 32 patients of the ventro‐dorsal type, curative parenchyma‐sparing hepatectomy of the RAS was performed, preserving the ventral and dorsal RAS in 14 and 18 patients, respectively. There were no differences in the postoperative complications and long‐term survival compared with the results obtained after segment 5 or 8 resection (n = 33).

Conclusion

Three‐dimensional simulation revealed three types of portal vein ramification of the RAS. Parenchyma‐preserving hepatectomy based on the precise portal ramification may contribute to safe and curative hepatectomy in selected cases with liver neoplasm involving the RAS.
Effects of lidocaine on torn rotator cuff tendons
Authors: Honda Hirokazu , Gotoh Masafumi , Kanazawa Tomonoshin , Nakamura Hidehiro , Ohta Keisuke , Nakamura Kei‐ichiro , Shiba Naoto
Published: January 2016

We determined lidocaine's action on torn rotator cuff tendons in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiments, cell proliferation and viability assays were performed using tenocytes derived from human torn rotator cuff tendons. For in vivo experiments, acute rotator cuff tears were made on the supraspinatus tendons in the rats’ bilateral shoulders; before closure, lidocaine was injected into the shoulder and saline into the contralateral shoulder (control). After sacrifice, the specimens underwent biomechanical testing or histological analysis at 24 h and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The extent of collagen organization and apoptosis were semi‐quantitatively evaluated using collagen picrosirius red staining. Apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining and electron microscopy. Cell proliferation decreased dose‐dependently. After exposure to 0.1% lidocaine for 24 h, cell viability decreased. Two and 4 weeks after surgery, the ultimate load to failure decreased more in the lidocaine group than in the control group, with significantly reduced stiffness in the lidocaine group 2 weeks after surgery. Collagen organization significantly decreased in the lidocaine group by 4 weeks after surgery but returned to baseline at 8 weeks. TUNEL staining detected numerous apoptotic tenocytes at the torn tendon edge exposed to lidocaine 24 h after surgery; electron microscopy confirmed the condensed cell nuclei. These changes were not observed in controls. Lidocaine caused cytotoxicity to tenocytes under both conditions, decreased biomechanical properties, and induced apoptosis and delay of collagen organization in this model. Subacromial lidocaine injections in patients with rotator cuff tears should be performed carefully. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1620–1627, 2016.
Recurrence and survival analysis of resected soft tissue sarcomas of pelvic retroperitoneal structures
Authors: Doepker Matthew P. , Hanna Karim H. , Thompson Zachary J. , Binitie Odion T. , Letson Douglas G. , Gonzalez Ricardo J.
Published: January 2016

Background

The purpose is to determine the clinicopathologic factors related to survival and recurrence of primary resected pelvic soft tissue sarcomas (STS).

Methods

Demographic/clinical variables were recorded.

Results

Thirty‐five pts were identified. Median follow‐up was 24.2 months. There were 23 (65.7%) high/intermediate‐grade and 12 (34.3%) low‐grade tumors included in the final analysis. Eight patients (22.9%) received neoadjuvant therapy. Margins were grossly negative in 27 (77.1%, 17‐R0, 10‐R1) and grossly positive (R2) in 8 (22.9%). Adjuvant therapy was used in 13 patients (37.1%). The 2‐ and 3‐year RFS was 56.5% and 51.3%, with 14 patients recurring at a median time of 16 months (6‐local, 8‐distant). All distant recurrences were in high‐grade tumors. There were no differences in RFS for margins (R0 vs. R1), neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, size (≥10 vs. <10 cm) or gender. High/intermediate‐grade tumors had worse RFS (P < 0.008). The 2‐ and 3‐year OS was 80.9%. OS was improved for R0/R1 resection (P < 0.001). Resection to R0/R1 margin was a significant predictor of improved OS (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

High/intermediate‐grade lesions were associated with worse OS and RFS. Resection to gross negative margins was the only independent predictor of OS. Adjuvant therapy may be reserved for high‐grade lesions due to increased metastatic potential. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:103–107. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unique solvability for the density‐dependent non‐Newtonian compressible fluids with vacuum
Authors: Chen Mingtao , Xu Xiaojing
Published: January 2016

The paper is devoted to the existence and uniqueness of local solutions for the density‐dependent non‐Newtonian compressible fluids with vacuum in one‐dimensional bounded intervals. The important points in this paper are that the initial density may vanish in an open subset and the viscosity coefficient is nonlinearly dependent of density and shear rate.
A maximum‐likelihood method to estimate a single ADC value of lesions using diffusion MRI
Authors: Jha Abhinav K. , Rodríguez Jeffrey J. , Stopeck Alison T.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Design a statistically rigorous procedure to estimate a single apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of lesion from the mean lesion signal intensity in diffusion MRI.

Theory and Methods

A rigorous maximum‐likelihood technique that incorporated the statistics of the mean lesion intensity and accounted for lesion heterogeneity was derived to estimate the ADC value. Performance evaluation included comparison with the conventionally used linear‐regression and a statistically rigorous state‐of‐the‐art ADC‐map technique using realistic and clinically relevant simulation studies conducted with assistance of patient data for homogeneous and heterogeneous lesion models.

Results

The proposed technique outperformed the linear‐regression and ADC‐map approaches over a large spectrum of signal‐to‐noise ratio, ADC, lesion size, image‐misalignment parameters, including at no image misalignment, and different amounts of lesion heterogeneity. The method was also superior at different sets of b values and in studies from specific patient‐image‐derived data. The technique took less than a second to execute.

Conclusions

A rigorous, computationally fast, easy‐to‐implement, and convenient‐to‐use maximum‐likelihood technique was proposed to estimate a single ADC value of the lesion. Results provide strong evidence in support of the method. Magn Reson Med 76:1919–1931, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Simultaneous assessment of cardiac metabolism and perfusion using copolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate and 13C‐urea
Authors: Lau Angus Z. , Miller Jack J. , Robson Matthew D. , Tyler Damian J.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of imaging a bolus of co‐polarized [1‐13C]pyruvate and 13C‐urea to simultaneously assess both metabolism and perfusion in the rodent heart.

Methods

Copolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate and 13C‐urea was imaged using a multi‐echo, flow‐sensitized spiral pulse sequence. Healthy rats were scanned in a two‐factor factorial design (n = 12 total; metabolism: overnight fasting versus fed with dichloroacetate injection; perfusion: rest versus adenosine stress‐induced hyperemia).

Results

Alterations in metabolism were detected by changes in pyruvate metabolism into 13C‐bicarbonate. Statistically independent alterations in perfusion were detected by changes in myocardial pyruvate and urea signals.

Conclusion

The new pulse sequence was used to obtain maps of metabolism and perfusion in the rodent heart in a single acquisition. This hyperpolarized 13C imaging test is expected to enable new studies in which the cardiac metabolism/perfusion mismatch can be studied in the acute environment. Magn Reson Med 77:151–158, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Fabrication of Fe3O4/PLLA composites for use in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Pan Yu‐Hwa , Wang Hsin‐Ta , Wu Ting‐Lin , Fan Kang‐Hsin , Huang Haw‐Ming , Chang Wei‐Jen
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to incorporate nanoscale Fe3O4 particles into a poly‐l‐lactide (PLLA) matrix to fabricate a magnetic and biodegradable composite. The physical and osteogenic functions of this material were tested. Injection molding was used to fabricate four nano‐Fe3O4/PLLA composites with Fe3O4 mix ratios of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (w/w). X‐ray diffraction and hysteresis loop tests were performed to evaluate the physical properties of the nano‐Fe3O4/PLLA composites. Tensile strength tests showed that the progressive addition of nano‐Fe3O4 particles to the PLLA matrix results in higher elastic modulus and lower tensile strength. Images from scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that osteoblasts cultured on the 20% nano‐Fe3O4/PLLA surface exhibited abundant filaments, which are a morphologic characteristic of osteoblastic differentiation. These results suggest that the 20% nano‐Fe3O4/PLLA composite used in this study has the potential for future tissue engineering applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2881–2888, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers