bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Soil Chemical Features on Aromatic Profile of V. vinifera cv. Corvina Grapes and Wines: A Study-Case in Valpolicella Area (Italy) in a Calcareous and Non-Calcareous Soil
Authors: Tomasi Diego , Marcuzzo Patrick , Nardi Tiziana , Lonardi Andrea , Lovat Lorenzo , Flamini Riccardo , Mian Giovanni
Published: November 2022

In the Valpolicella area (Verona, Italy) one of the most important Italian wines is being produced: Amarone, predominately made by Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina. This wine is subjected to a specific postharvest process, namely, withering, which aims to increase alcohol content and/or high residual sugars while retaining richness in aromas and organoleptic compounds. In accordance with guidelines and strict Amarone protocol set by the Consorzio of Amarone-Valpolicella, withering must be carried out by setting the grapes in a suitable environment. In our study, the withering process was performed following the traditional methods, i.e., in open-air, natural environmental conditions, as generally performed by winegrowers, leading to a weight loss in grapes of up to 30%. Whilst the effect of different postharvest conditions is clear and studied, it is interesting to know how soil can affect both grapes and wine profile, in terms of aromas, which are of great importance for this crafted wine. For this purpose, for two study years, the influence of two different sites (with regards to the carbonates’ content) on aromas were investigated. Furthermore, microvinifications and the sensory profile of the resulting wines were analysed. Our results clearly indicated that different soils’ characteristics, particularly differences in carbonate content, had an important effect, not only on the aromatic compounds of grapes and wines, but on the sensory profile as well. This information will help winegrowers and winemakers in the process of determining site selection for future vineyards in order to obtain a final optimum Amarone wine, in terms of its aromatic composition—one that is able to respond to the market demand.
Screening Winter Wheat Genotypes for Resistance Traits against Rhizoctonia cerealis and Rhizoctonia solani Infection
Authors: Lisiecki Karol , Lemańczyk Grzegorz , Piesik Dariusz , Mayhew Chris A.
Published: November 2022

Rhizoctonia cerealis and Rhizoctonia solani are considered to be among the most harmful soil-borne pathogens for crop plants globally. The lack of effective protection and the requirement to minimize the use of chemical pesticides necessitate the need to develop alternative protective methods. One such method is resistance breeding against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we present studies on the presence of resistance traits in winter wheat genotypes that evaluate the plants’ resistance to the above two pathogens, in both field and laboratory environments. In the field environment, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot were studied using 132 winter wheat cultivars, where random samples at the BBCH 75–77 were collected for analysis. The degree of the intensity of sharp eyespot was determined, applying the 0–4° scale. The susceptibility of the 132 cultivars of winter wheat to R. cerealis (AG-D subgroup I) and R. solani (AG-5) was also studied under laboratory conditions. In the laboratory, test pieces of potato dextrose agar colonized by the test isolates were placed onto filter paper soaked with distilled water and then placed into Petri dish. Infection on the roots, coleoptiles and leaves was then assessed after 15 days for R. cerealis and after 10 days for R. solani. None of the tested winter wheat genotypes were found to be asymptomatic to the pathogens. A moderate susceptibility was observed for such genotypes as Anthus, Baryton, Bellenus, Borderland Benatka, Blonde, Cubus, Estero, and Flairway. However, the classification of those associated with moderate susceptibility in laboratory tests resulted in severe symptoms in field tests. Hence, field experiments provide the most reliable measurements to determine the effects of pathogens on the plants.
Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), Wild Oats (Avena spp.) and Sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) Are the Most Commonly Occurring Weeds in New South Wales Cropping Fields
Authors: Broster John C. , Chambers Allison J. , Weston Leslie A. , Walsh Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Weeds are a major impediment to crop and pasture production and profitability in Australian farming systems, and knowledge of their occurrence is vital in devising weed management solutions. This study examined the relationships between weed and crop species from observations made during surveys of randomly selected fields in grain and/or pasture production. Between 2013 and 2017, 996 fields across New South Wales (NSW) were surveyed to record the occurrence and density of weed species. Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) (69% of fields), wild oats (Avena spp.) (60%), and sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) (34%) were the most common species identified, with a total of 65 weed species recorded to be occurring in NSW cropping fields. Densities of occurring weeds were low, at one plant per square metre or less. Multiple species of wild oats were recorded, with their occurrence varying between survey regions; for example, Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana was more prevalent in the north and Avena fatua in the south. Differences in weed species occurrence were noted between this survey and those previously conducted in NSW, with marked increases in annual ryegrass and sowthistle, and this is attributed to the change in crop production practices between survey periods. The study of variable distribution patterns of weed species across cropping systems allows for informed decision-making regarding weed management research and development planning.
Effects of Land Use on the Mineralization of Organic Matter in Ultisol
Authors: Xu Peidong , Ma Shihao , Rao Xiongfei , Liao Shipeng , Zhu Jun , Yang Chunlei
Published: November 2022

Soil organic matter mineralization changed by land-use types is still not clearly understood. In this study, soils from typical land-use types including adjacent plantations of bamboo (Bam), camphor (Cam), and tea (Tea) were chosen to systematically investigate the role of organic carbon components and microbial community compositions in the organic matter mineralization in Ultisol. The mineralization of organic matter followed the sequence Bam < Cam < Tea. The higher carbon contents of labile pools were in the Cam and the Tea than that in the Bam. The carbon content of dissolved organic matter (DOM) showed the order Bam < Cam < Tea, whereas the complexity of chemical structure in DOM followed the opposite trend. The land-use types significant shifted the bacterial and fungal communities, and the relative abundances of bacterial or fungal phyla of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Basidiomycota were significantly different among the land-use types. The multivariate regression tree results showed that the total organic carbon and/or the C/N ratio were dominant factors in influencing the bacterial and fungal communities. Moreover, the redundancy analysis results demonstrated that the communities of bacteria and fungi in Bam, Cam, and Tea were tightly linked to the C/N ratio, the pH and the labile pool I carbon, and the DOM, respectively. The Pearson’s correlation results revealed that the mineralization of organic matter was significantly correlated with the organic carbon components, but generally not the microbial community compositions, which implied that the organic carbon components were perhaps the major determinant in controlling the organic matter mineralization in Ultisol.
Attempts to Reduce the Systemic Spread of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Trees by Pruning
Authors: Camposeo Salvatore , Vivaldi Gaetano Alessandro , Saponari Maria
Published: November 2022

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp) is the plant pathogenic bacterium causing the epidemic of olive quick decline syndrome decimating olive trees in the Apulia region (southern Italy). The lack of any effective therapeutic application for the control of this pathogen and its categorization as a regulated quarantine pathogen in many countries worldwide, impose mandatory eradication and containment measures. Based on current EU legislation, containment measures apply in those areas where the bacterium is widely established, such as in the Apulia region, and thus containment strategies to mitigate and cope with the infections are needed. We set up a field trial to assess if pruning interventions could limit and/or recover Xfp-infected trees by reducing the systemic spread of the bacterium and the severity of the desiccation phenomena typically compromising the crown of the highly susceptible cultivars, e.g., cv. Cellina di Nardò. Trees subjected either to major or light pruning interventions, including the removal of all the symptomatic branches, did not demonstrate a reduced bacterial colonization or development of symptoms. After two years of targeted pruning interventions, no significant amelioration of the sanitary status of the infected olive trees was recorded, suggesting that the sole application of these interventions is not effective to counteract the impact of the bacterium in the susceptible olive trees.
Assessing Processing Waste from the Sea Urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii) Fishery as an Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Campus Paolo , Swarts Nigel D. , Mundy Craig , Keane John P. , Gardner Caleb
Published: November 2022

The longspined sea urchin, Centrostephanus rodgersii, is a climate-driven pest species in south-eastern Australia. The harvest of this species is highly encouraged and in Tasmania, the existing fishery is expanding resulting in a large amount of waste that needs disposal. Research into use of waste products as inputs for organic or biodynamic farming systems can help reduce costs of disposal and keep the industry profitable; by sustaining or incrementing sea urchin harvest the industry can assist in their control. In the current study, urchin waste was dried and finely ground to a powder and applied to tomato plants in a greenhouse to examine the effect on growth and productivity. Urchin waste powder (UWP) had a mineral composition of Ca (40 g 100 g−1), Mg (1.7 g 100 g−1), P (0.03 g 100 g−1), Fe (19.34 mg kg−1) and B (38 mg kg−1), a pH 8.06 in water and an Electrical Conductivity (EC) value of 7.64 dSm−1. Seven different treatment rates of UWP (0.3%; 0.5%; 0.8%; 1%; 2%; 3%; 5%), were added to 10 replicate pots containing 4 kg nutrient-poor potting mix planted with tomato (Variety K1) seedlings. Plant growth, yield, quality attributes and mineral content of tomato were measured under UWP treatments with comparison against a Hoagland solution control. UWP influenced tomato growth and productivity proportional to the quantity applied, however, the Hoagland solution control had a significantly greater yield. Potting mix pH increased from 6.8 to 7 and higher available P was detected in potting mix receiving higher rates of UWP. No phytotoxic effects were detected. The highest UWP treatment matched the Hoagland control in fruit quality and nutritional composition. Processing waste from the sea urchin fishery has potential as organic fertiliser or amendment providing plant-available Ca and some microelements such as Boron.
Runs of Homozygosity Analysis Reveals Genomic Diversity and Population Structure of an Indigenous Cattle Breed in Southwest China
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Yi , He Fang , Fang Donghui , Gan Jia , Wu Fuqiu , AG Yueda , Deng Xiaodong , Cao Qi , Duo Chu , RZ Wangdeng , Fu Maozhong , Yi Jun
Published: November 2022

In aiming to achieve sustainable development goals in the livestock industry, it is becoming increasingly necessary and important for the effective conservation of genetic resources. There are some indigenous cattle breeds in Sichuan, southwest China, for which, however, the genetic diversity and population structures still remain unknown because of the unavailability of systematic breeding programs and pedigree information. Xieka cattle are an indigenous breed locally distributed in southeastern Sichuan and have a long-term evolutionary adaptation to local environments and climates. In this study, we obtained 796,828 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through sequencing the genomes of 30 Xieka cattle and used them for analyzing the genetic diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH). The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.28 and 72% of SNPs were found to be in the heterozygous states. A total of 4377 ROH were detected with even distribution among all autosomes, and 74% of them were lower than 1 Mb in length. Meanwhile, only five ROH were found longer than 5 Mb. We further determined 19 significant genomic regions that were obviously enriched by ROH, in which 35 positional candidate genes were found. Some of these genes have been previously reported to be significantly associated with various production traits in cattle, such as meat quality, carcass performances, and diseases. In conclusion, the relatively high degree of genetic diversity of Xieka cattle was revealed using the genomic information, and the proposed candidate genes will help us optimize the breeding programs regarding this indigenous breed.
Effect of Soybean Isoflavones on Proliferation and Related Gene Expression of Sow Mammary Gland Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ma Xinyan , Cui Yiyan , Tian Zhimei , Yu Miao
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of synthetic soybean isoflavones (ISO) on the proliferation and related gene expression of sow mammary gland cells. Cells were cultured with 0 (control), 10, 20, or 30 μM of ISO under incubation conditions. After a 48 h incubation, these ISO-incubated cells proliferated more (p < 0.05) than the control cells. Cyclin E expression was higher (p < 0.05) in the 10 μM ISO and 20 μM ISO treatment groups than in the control group. Cyclin D1 and p21 expressions decreased (p < 0.05) with the 10 μM ISO treatment for 48 h. The relative mRNA abundances of the cells’ IG-1R (Insulin-like growth factor-1R), EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor), STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and AKT (protein kinase B) were enhanced (p < 0.05) by the 20 μM ISO treatment for 24 h and 48 h in the medium. The relative mRNA abundances of κ-casein at 48 h of incubation and β-casein at 24 h and 48 h of incubation were increased (p < 0.05) by 10 μM of ISO supplementation. It was concluded that ISO improved the proliferation of sow mammary gland cells, possibly by regulating cyclins and function genes expression in the cell proliferation signaling pathway.
Screening and Molecular Docking of Bioactive Metabolites of the Red Sea Sponge Callyspongia siphonella as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Musa Arafa , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Shaker Mohamed E. , El-Ghorab Ahmed H. , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Hamed Ahmed A. , Sayed Ahmed M. , Hassan Hossam M. , Aboseada Mahmoud A.
Published: November 2022

Marine sponges create a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, as documented throughout the year. Several bioactive secondary metabolites were isolated from different members of Callyspongia siphonella species. This study aimed for isolation and structural elucidation of major metabolites in order to investigate their diverse bioactivities such as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities. Afterwards, a molecular docking study was conducted, searching for the possible mechanistic pathway of the most bioactive metabolites. Extraction, fractionation, and metabolomics analysis of different fractions was performed in order to obtain complete chemical profile. Moreover, in vitro assessment of different bioactivities was performed, using recent techniques. Additionally, purification, structural elucidation of high features using recent chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques was established. Finally, AutoDock Vina software was used for the Pharmacophore-based docking-based analysis. As a result, DCM (dichloromethane) fraction exerted the best antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method; particularly against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 6.6 mm. Compound 11 displayed a considerable activity against both MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphyllococcus aureus) and Staphyllococcus aureus with inhibition ratios of 50.37 and 60.90%, respectively. Concerning anti-biofilm activity, compounds 1 and 2 displayed powerful activity with inhibition ratios ranging from 39.37% to 70.98%. Pharmacophore-based docking-based analysis suggested elongation factor G (EF-G) to be a probable target for compound 11 (siphonellinol C) that showed the best in vitro antibacterial activity, offering unexplored potential for new drugs and treatment candidates.
Efficacy of Treatment with the Antibiotic Novobiocin against Infection with Bacillus anthracis or Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Klimko Christopher P. , Welkos Susan L. , Shoe Jennifer L. , Mou Sherry , Hunter Melissa , Rill Nathaniel O. , DeShazer David , Cote Christopher K.
Published: November 2022

The microbial pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei and Bacillus anthracis are unrelated bacteria, yet both are the etiologic agents of naturally occurring diseases in animals and humans and are classified as Tier 1 potential biothreat agents. B. pseudomallei is the gram-negative bacterial agent of melioidosis, a major cause of sepsis and mortality globally in endemic tropical and subtropical regions. B. anthracis is the gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax. Infections acquired by inhalation of these pathogens are challenging to detect early while the prognosis is best; and they possess innate multiple antibiotic resistance or are amenable to engineered resistance. Previous studies showed that the early generation, rarely used aminocoumarin novobiocin was very effective in vitro against a range of highly disparate biothreat agents. The objective of the current research was to begin to characterize the therapeutic efficacy of novobiocin in mouse models of anthrax and melioidosis. The antibiotic was highly efficacious against infections by both pathogens, especially B. pseudomallei. Our results supported the concept that specific older generation antimicrobials can be effective countermeasures against infection by bacterial biothreat agents. Finally, novobiocin was shown to be a potential candidate for inclusion in a combined pre-exposure vaccination and post-exposure treatment strategy designed to target bacterial pathogens refractory to a single medical countermeasure.
Successful Treatment of Aortic Endocarditis by Achromobacter xylosoxidans with Cefiderocol Combination Therapy in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: La Bella Gianfranco , Salvato Francesco , Minafra Graziano Antonio , Bottalico Irene Francesca , Rollo Tiziana , Barbera Lucia , Tullio Samantha De , Corso Gaetano , Caputo Sergio Lo , Nittis Rosella De , Arena Fabio
Published: November 2022

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative aerobic opportunistic bacterium, belonging to the order of Burkholderiales, that can cause infections of virtually all body districts in patients with underlying diseases. However, A. xylosoxidans has rarely been associated with infective endocarditis. The treatment of A. xylosoxidans infections is complicated by both intrinsic and acquired resistance. Here we report on a case of aortic endocarditis by A. xylosoxidans in a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient treated with a combination of cefiderocol and other antibiotics, and summarize the available literature.
Qualitative Analysis of a Twitter-Disseminated Survey Reveals New Patient Perspectives on the Impact of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Valentine-King Marissa , Laytner Lindsey , Hines-Munson Casey , Olmeda Kiara , Trautner Barbara , Justice Sheryl , Ching Christina , Grigoryan Larissa
Published: November 2022

Few studies have harnessed social media to explore patients’ experiences with urinary tract infection (UTI); therefore, we captured UTI experiences and future research suggestions through a Twitter-disseminated survey. The survey posed three qualitative questions inquiring about the impact of UTIs, greatest UTI management hurdle, and research suggestions. We also asked participants to rate how seriously others perceive UTIs and the importance of UTIs in their life (scale: 1–100 (highest)). The study period spanned from January to June 2021. Coding was performed in duplicate, followed by thematic analysis. Of 466 participants from 22 countries, 128 considered their UTIs recurrent (n = 43) or chronic (n = 85). Six major themes emerged: UTIs drastically impact (1) physical and (2) mental health and (3) cause severe limitations in life activities. Patients reported (4) negative clinician interactions and perceived inadequate care, (5) a lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding UTIs, and (6) research gaps in UTI diagnostics and treatment. The participants considered UTIs extremely important (median: 100, IQR: 90–100), but characterized others’ perceptions of them as less serious (median: 20, IQR: 10–30). Our survey revealed a patient population struggling with UTIs, particularly chronic UTIs. Our findings highlight perceived shortcomings in current UTI treatment and diagnostics.
Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Isolated from Coastal Seawater for Aquaculture
Authors: Jeamsripong Saharuetai , Thaotumpitak Varangkana , Anuntawirun Saran , Roongrojmongkhon Nawaphorn , Atwill Edward R. , Hinthong Woranich
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand’s shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 84), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) subsp. enterica (n = 12), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) (n = 249), and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (n = 39) from Thailand’s coastal aquaculture regions. All Salmonella (100.0%) and half of V. cholerae (51.3%) isolates harbored their unique virulence gene, invA and ompW, respectively. The majority of isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli, ~25% of S. enterica subsp. enterica, and ~12% of V. cholerae, exhibited phenotypic AMR to multiple antimicrobials, with 8.9% of all coastal water isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Taken together, we recommend that coastal water quality surveillance programs include monitoring for bacterial AMR for food safety and recreational water exposure to water for Thailand’s coastal water resources.
Piperacillin–Tazobactam as an Adjuvant in the Mechanical Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Hurtado-Celotti Dolores , Martínez-Rodríguez Natalia , Ruiz-Sáenz Pedro Luis , Barona-Dorado Cristina , Santos-Marino Juan , Martínez-González José María
Published: November 2022

In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effects of the adjuvant piperacillin–tazobactam solution in the mechanical treatment of periodontitis. A single-blind split-mouth randomized study, it included 24 participants. All of them presented periodontitis stage III according to the 2018 World Workshop classification and the presence of at least one of the following periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromona gingivalis; Treponema denticola; Tannerella forsythia; Prevotella intermedia. The study established two groups: a control group (SRP: scaling and root planing) and a test group (SRP plus local piperacillin–tazobactam). The final recruitment included 11 women (45.8%) and 13 men (54.2%). The age range was between 25 and 72 years, and the mean age was 57 ± 10.20 years. Clinical controls were performed at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, repeating the SRP and applying the piperacillin–tazobactam solution again at the 3-month appointment. The clinical attachment level decreased by a mean of 2.13 ± 0.17 mm from the baseline to 6 months in the test group versus 1.63 ± 0.18 mm in the control group. The mean probing pocket depth decreased from 1.32 ± 0.09 mm in the test group, versus from 0.96 ± 0.14 mm on the control side. The plaque index in the test group decreased by 0.46 ± 0.04, while it decreased by an average of 0.31 ± 0.04 in the control group. In conclusion, the local use of piperacillin–tazobactam as complementary therapy produces better clinical results in patients with periodontitis. However, these results are not maintained over time, and so a more persistent local application is necessary.
Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy for Determination of Albumin Structural Damage and Hypoalbuminemia in Critical COVID-19
Authors: Georgieva Ekaterina , Karamalakova Yanka , Arabadzhiev Georgi , Atanasov Vasil , Kostandieva Rositsa , Mitev Mitko , Tsoneva Vanya , Yovchev Yovcho , Nikolova Galina
Published: November 2022

The main factors in the COVID-19 pathology, which can initiate extensive structural changes at the cellular and molecular levels, are the generation of free radicals in abnormal amounts, and oxidative stress. Under “oxidative shock” conditions, the proteins undergo various modifications that affect their function and activity, and as a result distribute malfunctioning protein derivatives in the body. Human serum albumin is a small globular protein characterized by a high overall binding capacity for neutral lipophilic and acidic dosage forms. The albumin concentration is crucial for the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure, the transport of nutrients, amino acids, and drugs, the effectiveness of drug therapy, and the prevention of drug toxicity. Hypoalbuminemia and structural defects molecule in the protein suggest a risk of changed metabolism and increased plasma concentration of unbound drugs. Therefore, the albumin structural and functional changes accompanied by low protein levels can be a serious prerequisite for ineffective therapy, frequent complications, and high mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current opinion aims the research community the application of Site-Directed Spin Labeling Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (SDSL-EPR) and 3-Maleimido-PROXYL radical in determining abnormalities of the albumin dynamics and protein concentrations in COVID-19 critical patients.
Phenolic Fingerprinting and Bioactivity Profiling of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Gypothamnium pinifolium Phil.
Authors: Barrientos Ruth E. , Ibáñez Elena , Puerta Adrián , Padrón José M. , Paredes Adrián , Cifuentes Fredi , Romero-Parra Javier , Palacios Javier , Bórquez Jorge , Simirgiotis Mario J.
Published: November 2022

Gypothamnium pinifolium Phil. (Asteraceae) is a small shrub that grows in the Paposo Valley of the II Antofagasta Region of Chile. This initial study is of the high-resolution phenolic fingerprinting, antioxidant activity, the relaxation effects in rat aorta, the inhibitory enzyme potential, plus the antiproliferative activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract from G. pinifolium and its two major isolated secondary metabolites (one coumarin: 2-nor-1,2-secolycoserone, and one diterpene: ent-labda-8,13-E-diene-15-ol). The study involves using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography todiode array detection coupled with Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-PDA-Orbi-trap-MS), in which various compounds were identified, including specific coumarins. The n-hexane extract showed total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 517.4 ± 12.5 mg GAE/100 g extract and 72.3 ± 3.7 mg QE/100 g extract, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane extract was assessed using in-vitro assays such as bleaching of DPPH and ABTS (IC50: 14.3 ± 0.52 and 2.51 ± 0.43 µg extract/mL, respectively), FRAP (347.12 ± 1.15 μmol Trolox equivalent/g extract), and ORAC (287.3 ± 1.54 μmol Trolox equivalents/g extract). Furthermore, the inhibition against cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 4.58 ± 0.04 µg/mL, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) IC50: 23.44 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg/mL) enzymes of the n-hexane extract, and main compounds (IC50: 1.21 ± 0.03 µg/mL, 11.23 ± 0.02 µg/mL, 3.23 ± 0.12 µg/mL, and 103.43 ± 16.86 µg/mL, correspondingly for the most active coumarin 1) were measured. The antiproliferative potential of the extracts and the two principal compounds against several solid human cancer cells was investigated. All of them showed good activity against cancer cells. Label-free live-cell imaging studies on HeLa cells exposed to the isolated coumarin and the diterpene enabled the observation of cell death and several apoptotic hallmarks. Our results indicate that G. pinifolium Phil. is a valuable source of secondary metabolites with potential activity against noncommunicable diseases.
Membrane Lipid Reshaping Underlies Oxidative Stress Sensing by the Mitochondrial Proteins UCP1 and ANT1
Authors: Jovanović Olga , Chekashkina Ksenia , Škulj Sanja , Žuna Kristina , Vazdar Mario , Bashkirov Pavel , Pohl Elena
Published: November 2022

Oxidative stress and ROS are important players in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In addition to directly altering proteins, ROS also affects lipids with negative intrinsic curvature such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), producing PE adducts and lysolipids. The formation of PE adducts potentiates the protonophoric activity of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we linked the ROS-mediated change in lipid shape to the mechanical properties of the membrane and the function of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). We show that the increase in the protonophoric activity of both proteins occurs due to the decrease in bending modulus in lipid bilayers in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholines (OPC and MPC) and PE adducts. Moreover, MD simulations showed that modified PEs and lysolipids change the lateral pressure profile of the membrane in the same direction and by the similar amplitude, indicating that modified PEs act as lipids with positive intrinsic curvature. Both results indicate that oxidative stress decreases stored curvature elastic stress (SCES) in the lipid bilayer membrane. We demonstrated that UCP1 and ANT1 sense SCES and proposed a novel regulatory mechanism for the function of these proteins. The new findings should draw the attention of the scientific community to this important and unexplored area of redox biochemistry.
Evaluation of Different Control Algorithms for Carbon Dioxide Removal with Membrane Oxygenators
Authors: Elenkov Martin , Lukitsch Benjamin , Ecker Paul , Janeczek Christoph , Harasek Michael , Gföhler Margit
Published: November 2022

Membrane oxygenators are devices that benefit from automatic control. This is especially true for implantable membrane oxygenators—a class of wearable rehabilitation devices that show high potential for fast recovery after lung injury. We present a performance comparison for reference tracking of carbon dioxide partial pressure between three control algorithms—a classical proportional-integral (PI) controller, a modern non-linear model predictive controller, and a novel deep reinforcement learning controller. The results are based on simulation studies of an improved compartmental model of a membrane oxygenator. The compartmental model of the oxygenator was improved by decoupling the oxygen kinetics from the system and only using the oxygen saturation as an input to the model. Both the gas flow rate and blood flow rate were used as the manipulated variable of the controllers. All three controllers were able to track references satisfactorily, based on several performance metrics. The PI controller had the fastest response, with an average rise time and settling time of 1.18 s and 2.24 s and the lowest root mean squared error of 1.06 mmHg. The NMPC controller showed the lowest steady state error of 0.17 mmHg and reached the reference signal with less than 2% error in 90% of the cases within 15 s. The PI and RL reached the reference with less than 2% error in 84% and 50% of the cases, respectively, and showed a steady state error of 0.29 mmHg and 0.5 mmHg.
Marine Geophysical Data and Its Application to Assessment of Crustal Structure along the Northern Egyptian Passive Continental Margin
Authors: Aboulela Hamdy A. M.
Published: November 2022

The Egyptian passive continental margin is considered a remarkable geologic setting, in addition to being an occupation and manufacturing locality in north Egypt. This work used accessible potential field data, such as marine gravity data, to provide a wider vision of the potential field of the area under investigation. The results of the two-dimensional (2D) gravity modelling revealed a good agreement between the modelled gravity and observed gravity fields, including known regional structures found in the investigated area. The findings revealed that crustal modelling was affected by the tectonic structure and the huge thickness of sedimentary layers, which act as barriers to the crystal crust. The results revealed that the crustal thickness and density are spread among the deposited layer and the inferior mantle in the Moho range. Furthermore, it was found that the basement extent lies nearly 6–9 km lower in the northern Egyptian coastline to approximately 13 km under the Herodotus abyssal plain. Moreover, it was shown that the thickness of the sedimentary layers deposit increases near the East Mediterranean Ridge.
Failure Analysis of Gantry Crane Slewing Bearing Based on Gear Position Accuracy Error
Authors: Xiao Jianbo , Wu Yiming , Long Wenxing , Xu Chang
Published: November 2022

In large ports, shipyards, and other places of handling operations, gantry cranes are widely used. As a typical slewing crane, its slewing-bearing large gear ring is prone to tooth breakage problems due to the existence of long-term complex alternating load. This paper presents a new fault analysis method based on the gear position accuracy error. Firstly, the relative displacement relationship between the pinion and large gear ring and the large gear ring gear teeth stress nature were analyzed through the establishment of the rotary table structure, slewing bearing, and cylinder structure assembly finite element model. In addition, a dynamic data acquisition instrument and resistance strain gauge data were separately applied to analyze the pinion and large gear ring displacement along with cylinder structure stress for the test position accuracy error. The final results show that under the frontal load condition, the horizontal displacement deviation of the pinion gear and the large gear ring is approximately 2.9 mm, which leads to an increase of 23% in the stress value of the upper tooth root at the engagement of the large gear ring, causing extrusion and accelerating the fatigue and even fracture of the gear teeth.
Fault-Tolerant Control of Multi-Joint Robot Based on Fractional-Order Sliding Mode
Authors: Pan Jinghui , Qu Lili , Peng Kaixiang
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the problem of fault-tolerant control of actuators for multi-joint robots is studied. Aiming at the jitter problem in the design of fault-tolerant control law for conventional sliding mode controllers (SMC), a controller design method based on fractional-order sliding mode (FSMC) theory is proposed. At first, the mathematical model of the multi-joint robot is established and the fractional-order sliding mode surface is constructed according to the mathematical model. Then, the robust control law is designed based on the Lyapunov function. Finally, the experiments are carried out. Compared with the conventional sliding mode control, the experimental results show that the multi-joint robot is more stable under the control of fractional-order sliding mode, and it can achieve almost no jitter while tracking the reference. The steady-state error for joint1 and joint2 could reach 0.073 radians under the control of SMC, while it is 0.015 radians under the control of FSMC. The steady-state error data indicate that the fluctuation amplitude under FSMC is five times smaller than SMC for the end part of the multi-joint robot under actuator gain faults. The regulation time for joint1 and joint2 is about 0.11 s under the control of SMC, and it is around 0.04 s for FSMC. The regulation time is reduced to one of three or four. These data show the effectiveness of the FSMC proposed in this paper.
The Effect of Students, Computers, and Air Purifiers on Classroom Air Quality
Authors: Dabanlis Georgios , Loupa Glykeria , Liakos Dimitrios , Rapsomanikis Spyridon
Published: November 2022

Indoor air pollutant sources are crucial in assessing IAQ, especially when outdoor air pollutant concentrations are low. In the present study, PM mass concentrations in a range of five sizes; CO, CO2, O3, NO, NO2, and TVOC concentrations; along with temperature and relative humidity were monitored in three indoor locations of a university. The monitoring took place in a building dedicated to teaching undergraduates. The first two locations, a professor’s office and a computer centre (laboratory), were not refurbished. The classroom under study is refurbished and now is airtight, as are all of the classrooms in this building. Air purifiers were installed in all of the classrooms to prevent the transmission of infectious pollutants. In all monitored locations, people were the main indoor source of PM, CO2, and TVOC. The operation of twelve computers in the small laboratory did not contribute to the air pollution, at least for the examined pollutants. The air purifier decreased the PM concentrations, but not the gaseous air pollutants.
A New Method for Finding the Shape of the Main Cable in the Special Cable Plane
Authors: Cao Qian , Deng Jianhua , Feng Zhiguo , Yang Peiling , Yuan Guixing , Du Kai
Published: November 2022

The main cable and suspender of the spatial special-shaped suspension bridge are in the state of spatial stress; the structural stress is more complex than that of the parallel cable plane and finding the shape of the main cable of the spatial special-shaped cable plane is more difficult. In order to solve the problem of finding the shape of the main cable of the special-shaped suspension bridge, a new calculation model and algorithm of the main cable are proposed in this paper. The new calculation model adds constraints on the transverse bridge direction coordinates of the midspan on the basis of the original calculation model. The new calculation model can timely correct the calculation errors in all directions of the control node during the main cable shape finding process and improve the calculation accuracy. The new algorithm is a hybrid algorithm. The algorithm first uses the modified quantum genetic algorithm to solve and calculate the cable end force close to the real value, and then uses the cable end force obtained by the modified quantum genetic algorithm as the initial value to iterate through the modified least squares method. In this paper, a single cable plane curved suspension bridge is taken as the research background, and the differences of different calculation models in the shape-finding calculation of the main cable of the spatial special-shaped cable plane are compared. The results show that the proposed model is more stable in the calculation process, and the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and strong adaptability.
Lessons for Coastal Applications of IMTA as a Way towards Sustainable Development: A Review
Authors: Hossain Amir , Senff Paula , Glaser Marion
Published: November 2022

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems integrate the cultivation of species from different trophic levels. Uneaten feed, solid wastes, and dissolved nutrients are turned into harvestable and healthy food, making IMTA a driver for ecologically sustainable aquaculture. Its wider sustainability potentials arise from social, environmental, and economic sustainability enhancement options. Biological and economic outcomes are promising, while social equity and acceptance remain to be further investigated in the context of the long-term viability of aquaculture. Sustainable coastal and marine aquaculture development requires a holistic approach that involves social/cultural, economic, as well as environmental sustainability. This article examines IMTA as a pathway to socially, environmentally, and economically sustainable development. We collate evidence that shows that IMTA can minimize the negative environmental effects of aquaculture, assist local economies, and boost competitiveness and long-term economic viability. Available analyses of socio-economic and cost-effectiveness reveal positive prospects for IMTA systems, through product diversification, faster production cycles, and IMTA product prices and show a divergence between financial returns at the level of the entrepreneurial unit and economic returns at the macro level, which inhibits the uptake of IMTA. We conclude that the lack of governance analysis or inappropriateness of institutional development, in terms of aquaculture governance and management laws and regulations, is at the core of the hitherto weak engagement with IMTA. Unsuitable policies, regulations, and public and private sector decision policies and implementation, underlined by the scarcity of analyses of aquaculture governance institutions, are part of the reason for this. The evidence we have aggregated indicates that the relative scarcity of commercially successful coastal IMTA undertakings is not so much an intrinsic feature of the IMTA approach but is likely to have been generated by missing or inappropriate governance structures and procedures in the coastal realm.
Burnt-Area Quick Mapping Method with Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
Authors: Rokhmatuloh  , Ardiansyah  , Indratmoko Satria , Riyanto Indra , Margatama Lestari , Arief Rahmat
Published: November 2022

Forest and field fires have become a frequent phenomenon in recent years caused by human activities in Indonesia, affecting all forms of forest and field cover. Forest fire-degraded land is more prone to burn again, due to the nature of peatland in Kalimantan. Rapid mapping technology for burnt areas affected by forest fires is needed to obtain this information. The use of remote sensing technology, in the form of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, combined with cloud computing processing speeds up data processing and is not affected by the existing cloud cover. The Quick-Mapping employed in this research provides faster mapping time, compared to the currently employed method, based on field report data, to enable a better and more efficient firefighting effort. The data processing is carried out using cloud computing, enabling the processing of large amounts of data. The processing is carried out starting with importing the data, preprocessing to classification running, simultaneously, using the JavaScript programming language. The research classifies the burnt area from backscatter patterns before and after the event in two measurements, namely the radar burn ratio (RBR) and the radar burn difference (RBD). The RBR is defined as the average backscatter ratio at a certain polarization, while RBD is the difference between the average scattering conditions. The composite image for the classification utilizes images from the RBR and RBD with co-polarized (VV) and cross-polarized (VH) backscatter. The burnt area difference is −1.9 for VH and −1.7 for VV, which indicates a lower backscatter, due to forest fire. The classification of the burnt area yields the best overall accuracy of 88.26% with a support vector machine and processing time of 1 h, compared to the currently 12 h needed to provide burnt area maps from field observation data.
Supplementation of an Anthocyanin-Rich Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract in FVB/n Mice: A Healthier Alternative to Synthetic Colorants
Authors: Azevedo Tiago , Ferreira Tiago , Ferreira João , Teixeira Filipa , Ferreira Diana , Silva-Reis Rita , Neuparth Maria João , Pires Maria João , Pinto Maria de Lurdes , Gil da Costa Rui M. , Bastos Margarida M. S. M. , Medeiros Rui , Félix Luís , Venâncio Carlos , Dias Maria Inês , Gaivão Isabel , Barros Lillian , Oliveira Paula A.
Published: November 2022

Sambucus nigra L., popularly known as elderberry, is renowned for its amazing therapeutic properties, as well as its uses as a food source, in nutraceuticals, and in traditional medicine. This study’s aim was to investigate the effects of an elderberry extract (EE) on mice for 29 days, as well as the safety of the extract when used as a natural colorant. Twenty-four FVB/n female mice (n = 6) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, 12 mg/mL EE (EE12), 24 mg/mL EE (EE24), or 48 mg/mL EE (EE48). The predominant anthocyanins detected were cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Food and drink intake were similar between groups, with the exception of EE48, who drank significantly less compared with the Control. Biochemical analysis of the liver showed that the changes observed in histological analysis had no pathological significance. The EE, at doses of 24 and 48 mg/mL, significantly reduced the oxidative DNA damage compared with the non-supplemented group. The S. nigra extract showed a favorable toxicological profile, affording it potential to be used in the food industry.
Subsea Methane Hydrates: Origin and Monitoring the Impacts of Global Warming
Authors: Cheverda Vladimir , Bratchikov Denis , Gadylshin Kirill , Golubeva Elena , Malakhova Valentina , Reshetova Galina
Published: November 2022

The East Siberian Arctic shelf is the area where the largest natural gas reserves are concentrated. The formation of permafrost of the Arctic shelf during the Ice Age contributed to the emergence of a zone of stable existence of gas hydrates in the sedimentary layer, and subsequent flooding of the shelf led to its gradual degradation, the thawing of gas hydrates and the subsequent emissions of methane into the atmosphere. In the first part of the paper, we use mathematical modeling to study the processes of the formation of subsea permafrost on the Arctic shelf considering changes in the sea levels over the past 200 thousand years. Numerical simulations show the influence of climate warming up to 2200 on the degradation of subsea permafrost and the violation of the conditions for the stable existence of methane hydrates in bottom sediments using the example of the East Siberian shelf. The second part of the paper proposes a method for seismic monitoring of the state of gas hydrates based on a solution of multi-parameter inverse seismic problems. In particular, the degree of attenuation of seismic energy is one of the objective parameters for assessing the consolidation of gas hydrates: the closer they are to the beginning of decomposition, the higher the attenuation and, hence, the lower the quality factor. In this publication, we do not solve a multi-parameter inverse seismic problem for a real geological object. This would be impossible due to the lack of necessary data. Instead, we focus on substantiating the possibility of correct solutions for the problem of the reconstruction of the absorption and velocities for a viscoelastic medium in relation to the problem of monitoring the state of gas hydrate deposits. As noted in a range of publications, the thawing of gas hydrates leads to an increase in the fluid saturation of the geological medium followed by an increase in the absorption of seismic energy—that is, a decrease in the quality factor. Thus, the methods of seismic monitoring of the state of gas hydrates to predict the possibility of developing dangerous scenarios should be based on solving a multi-parameter inverse seismic problem. This publication is devoted to the presentation of this approach.