bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Excellence: 70 Years of John Bates Clark Medals
Authors: Cherrier Beatrice , Svorenčík Andrej
Published: July 2018

In 2017 the John Bates Clark Award turned 70, and the 39th medal was be awarded. Often dubbed the “baby Nobel Prize,” widely discussed by economists and covered in the press, it has become a professional and public marker of excellence for economic research.Yet, after three initial unanimous choices of laureates (Paul Samuelson, Kenneth Boulding, Milton Friedman), the award was increasingly challenged. The prize was not awarded in 1953, almost discontinued three times, the selection procedure and the age limit also created issues. We show how economists in these years disagreed over the definition of merit and excellence. Many young economists felt the prize was biased toward theory and asked for the establishment of a separate “Wesley Clair Mitchell award” for empirical and policy-oriented work. We examine how the committee on honors and awards reacted to critique on the lack of diversity of laureates in origins, affiliations, fields and methods, and we provide a quantitative analysis of the evolving profile of laureates.
Wealth and Debt Homophily, Gender Equality, and Relationship Stability
Authors: Eads Alicia , Griffin Lauren N. , Tach Laura
Published: July 2018

Although the relative economic standing of romantic partners influences relationship stability, previous family scholarship has largely overlooked the role of wealth and debt, two distinct economic characteristics with important implications for social stratification. We test how asymmetric accumulation of wealth and debt between partners influences marital and cohabitation stability based on gender norms, economic independence, and financial strain perspectives. Using data from the 1996-2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we find support for the economic independence perspective as both female- and male wealth-dominant couples are at an increased risk of dissolution over wealth-homophilous couples. However, for married couples, female wealth-dominant couples are significantly less stable than male-dominant couples. For cohabiting couples, heterophily is less consequential and there is little difference between male and female-dominant couples. Asymmetric holdings in debt relate differently to stability than asymmetry in wealth.
Why Do Juries Decide If Patents are Valid?
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

For the last two decades, patent lawyers and courts have assumed that theConstitution requires that juries decide whether patents are valid. Butthat assumption rests on an uncertain foundation. Juries did not decidepatent validity during most of American history, and as recently as 30years ago jury trials in patent cases were quite rare. There is,surprisingly, no precedential decision resolving the Seventh Amendmentquestion. And English practice before 1791 -- the basis for SeventhAmendment jurisprudence -- is ambiguous at best on whether juries mustdecide patent validity. I argue that if and when the issue is presented tothe Supreme Court, the Court is unlikely to find a constitutional right tojury trial on issues of patent validity, and certainly not the broad rightof the sort that is now common practice. Removing the jury from most patentvalidity determinations would change patent litigation in important ways.
DISPARITIES IN MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ACROSS EU-27. A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

Inadequate waste management leads to many environmental issues and theadoption of an efficient and sustainable waste management has become apriority objective of the EU. However, besides the demographic factors, thevarious socio-economic and geographical conditions of this complex spacelead to major disparities in municipal waste management between North andSouth, East and West. This paper aims to do a spatial-temporal analysis ofthe Eurostat indicators using ascending hierarchical cluster analysis thatdivides the member states into five typological classes. The resulted mapshighlight territorial disparities among the Member States on municipalwaste management and also reveal the evolution of environmental policiesbetween 2003-2009 related to the EU acquis.
Means and Meaning in Patent Remedies
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

Professor Sichelman's article on "Purging Patent Law of Private Law Remedies" offers a welcome and useful perspective on the reform of patent remedies. In this comment I critique some of his assumptions regarding the "private" nature of patent and other remedies, then turn to discussing several examples of existing and underutilized tools, such as "reverse liability" rules, that might accomplish much of Professor Sichelman's agenda without necessarily fomenting a radical re-conceptualization of patent remedies doctrine. Along the way I suggest how deployment of such tools might play out in a variety of current patent controversies, including Sichelman's example of patent "trolls," as well as FRAND licensing and pharmaceutical "pay for delay" agreements.
The Effects of In Utero Exposure to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Family Formation
Authors: Fletcher Jason
Published: July 2018

A growing literature ties in utero conditions to life course outcomes, including education, earnings, and adult health and mortality. A smaller literature has begun to examine the intergenerational impacts of in utero conditions. A link between these two literatures—the impacts of in utero conditions on family formation—has had few examinations but offers a potential set of mechanisms for the intergenerational reach of early conditions. This paper draws from the 1960 US Decennial Census to examine whether exposed individuals had different family formation patterns than adjacent unexposed cohorts. The findings suggest small overall effects on marriage rates, number of children, and several measures of “type” of spouse for men, but moderate effects for women. The findings also show that exposed individuals have spouses with lower schooling than unexposed counterparts, this effect is particularly large for women, and it increases the likelihood of marrying spouses with very low levels of schooling.
“That’s Hip-Hop to Me!”: Race, Space, and Temporal Logics of Authenticity in Independent Cultural Production
Authors: Gibson-Light Michael
Published: July 2018

In producer-saturated fields such as popular music scenes, claims to andjudgments of authenticity are ever salient in contention for limitedresources and prestige. By mobilizing meanings attributed to sounds,objects, individuals, and ideas associated with the past, present, orfuture of a genre, cultural producer groups are distinguished from eachother and unified within themselves. Observing the dynamics of thesedistinctions allows us to ascertain how artistic professionals think ofthemselves and others, as well as begin to unpack the role thatauthenticity work may play in the practice and warrants of culturalproduction. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews from an independent rapscene in the Midwest, I demonstrate how artists draw on collective memory,modern convention, and projected futures to form competing,temporally-rooted logics of authenticity by which to advance theirpositions.KEYWORDS: Authenticity; Cultural production; Temporality; Hip-Hop
The Ideology of the-Best-English-Teaching-Method in Taiwan’s Children English Language Schools
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Chang Jackie
Published: July 2018

Taiwanese people’s motivation to learn English is a desire to communicate: a major obstacle to the mastery of spoken English has been the lack of opportunities to speak it. The traditional English teaching method cannot produce fluent English speakers. English teaching methodologies, such as English-only and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), have been widely adopted as practical and the best way to acquire English speaking proficiency in children English language schools, to the point where they are taken for granted by many Taiwanese people. The central argument of this study is that the evaluation of the so-called the-best-English-teaching-method in children English language schools and as common practice in Taiwanese society is ideological. To explore the ideological concept of the-best-English-teaching-method used in children English language schools, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed to analyze data drawn from children English language schools’ promotional materials or advertisements. The results indicate the promotion of the-best-English-teaching-method by children English language schools has resulted in social injustice, such as native speaker ideology, native and non-native division, white and non-white division, and English proficiency gap in the rich and the poor and urban and rural areas. It is hoped that the results of this study can enable Taiwanese people to escape the ideologies which have been taken for granted for so long.
Hookup Culture and Higher Education
Authors: Wade Lisa , Padgett Joseph Eric
Published: July 2018

In this entry, we offer historical context for understanding the emergence of hookup culture in higher education, review the basics of what we know, and make suggestions for future research.
Network analysis of the social and demographic influences on name choice within the UK (1838-2016)
Authors: Bush Stephen , Powell-Smith Anna , Freeman Tom C
Published: July 2018

Chosen names reflect a society’s changing values, aspirations and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting the rise and fall in their popularity over time. However, individual name choices are not made in isolation and trends in naming are better understood as group-level phenomena. Here we use network analysis to examine onomastic (name) datasets in order to explore the influences on name choices within the UK over the last 170 years. Using a large representative sample of approximately 22 million chosen forenames from England and Wales given between 1838 and 2014, along with a complete population sample of births registered between 1996 and 2016, we demonstrate how trends in name usage can be visualised as network graphs.By exploring the structure of these graphs, various patterns of name use become readily apparent, which can be interpreted in the context of historic events, such as known waves of migration. In general, we show that the topology of network graphs can reveal naming vogues, and that naming vogues are a reflection of social and demographic changes.Many name choices are consistent with a self-correcting feedback loop, whereby rarer names become common because there are virtues perceived in their rarity, yet with these perceived virtues lost upon increasing commonality. Towards the present day, the comparatively greater range of media, freedom of movement, and ability to maintain globally-distributed social networks increases the number of possible names, but also ensures they may more quickly be perceived as commonplace. Consequently, contemporary naming vogues are relatively short-lived with many name choices appearing a balance struck between recognisability and rarity.The data are available via an easy-to-use web interface at http://demos.flourish.studio/namehistory.
The Trouble with Trespass
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

Several courts have now recognized the common law action of trespass to chattels as a viable claim to enjoin unwanted e-mail communications on networked computer systems. However, this archaic claim is a poor fit to the context of cyberspace, and courts have had to substantially revise the elements of the claim to accommodate it to computer networks. In doing so, they have created a new species of property right which is now being applied to a wide variety of automated computer interactions. The assertion of an exclusionary interest over such interactions may lead to a type of anti-commons tragedy that could threaten the integrity of the global Internet system.
Proclus and Plotinus on Self-Constitution in the One
Authors: Greig Jonathan
Published: July 2018

In his commentary on Plato's Parmenides, Proclus critiques an unnamed predecessor for attributing self-constitution to the One, claiming that the notion necessitates duality in its subject. Proclus almost certainly has in mind Plotinus in Ennead VI.8.13-22, where the latter attributes self-causation and determination to the One. However in the latter context, Plotinus is rather attempting to show how the One's unity entails that it is the cause of such self-determinative activity manifested in Intellect (as in the earlier Enn. VI.8.1-7). One could conclude, as does John Dillon, that Proclus is giving up an unfair criticism of Plotinus. In this dissertation I offer some support for Proclus' critical stance with an analysis of both figures' positions, starting with a look at (1) self-constitution and its conceptual origin in self-motion; (2) Plotinus on the One's causality; (3) Proclus on the One's causality; and (4) an analysis of Enn. VI.8.13-14 in light of Proclus' critique. While it could be that Proclus takes little account for Plotinus' careful construction in the language of Enn. VI.8.13-22, still Proclus' critique hinges on a different view of causation for the One than Plotinus'. The different stance lies in the background for why Plotinus allows for self-constitution in the One, even if with metaphorical language, while for Proclus such language pertains only to the intermediate level below the One (with e.g. Being, between the One and Intellect) and not up to the One-itself.[MSc by Research thesis for University of Edinburgh, submitted Aug. 20, 2014.][This is an early work that I am interested to revise and update further, especially in light of recent papers on the issue in Plotinus. I welcome any feedback or comments.]
Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation
Authors: Ferguson John-Paul , Koning Rembrand
Published: July 2018

Racial segregation between American workplaces is greater today than it was a generation ago. This increase has happened alongside the declines in within-establishment occupational segregation on which most prior research has focused. We examine more than 40 years of longitudinal data on the racial employment composition of every large private-sector workplace in the United States to calculate between-area, between-establishment, and within-establishment trends in racial employment segregation over time. We demonstrate that the return of racial establishment segregation owes little to within-establishment processes but rather stems from differences in the turnover rates of more- and less-homogeneous workplaces. Present research on employment segregation focuses intently on within-firm processes. By doing so, we may be overstating what progress has been made on employment integration and ignoring other avenues of intervention that may give greater leverage for further integrating firms.
Determining the boundaries, structure and volume of buried shell matrix deposits using ground-penetrating radar: A case study from northern Australia
Authors: Kenady Selene , Lowe Kelsey , Ulm Sean
Published: July 2018

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is used in this study to delineate the extent and internal structure of a large late Holocene buried shell matrix site at Thundiy, Bentinck Island, northern Australia. Shell matrix sites comprise a key component of the coastal archaeological record. The extensive nature of many shell matrix sites presents challenges for archaeological sampling regimes. While large-scale excavation is undesirable and impractical, limited test pits often represent only a tiny fraction of large shell deposits and are rarely considered representative. This study transforms GPR data into three-dimensional models which form the basis of deposit volume estimates. Volume estimates are evaluated against excavation data to test their accuracy. Results demonstrate that this novel methodology can generate accurate three-dimensional representations of buried shell matrices and highly accurate volume estimations with error margins of 3.5% ± 7%. It is recommended, though, that more inclusive error margins of 19.5% ± 17% are used to account for potential error, especially where results cannot be verified. This greater understanding of the extent and structural variability of deposits can be utilised to create robust sampling strategies for excavation. The methodology could also be further employed to enhance comparative regional studies and to add to conservation and management practices of buried shell matrix sites. If applied more widely this methodology will not only benefit our understanding of shell matrix deposits but also the wider archaeological record of coastal regions worldwide.
"How can you love a work, if you don't know it?": Critical Code and Design toward Participatory Digital Editions
Authors: Visconti Amanda
Published: July 2018

This whitepaper offers an analytic discussion of the process and productfor Amanda Visconti's dissertation "How can you love a work, if you don'tknow it?": Critical Code and Design toward Participatory Digital Editions (dr.AmandaVisconti.com). The introductory section proposes a speculativeexperiment to test digital edition design theories: "What if we build adigital edition and invite everyone? What if millions of scholars,first-time readers, book clubs, teachers and their students show up andannotate a text with their infinite interpretations, questions, andcontextualizations?". Approaching digital editions as Morris Eaves'"problem-solving mechanism"s, the project designed, built, and user-testeda digital edition of James Joyce’s Ulysses with various experimentalinterface features: InfiniteUlysses.com. Three areas of research advancedthrough the project are presented: designing public and participatoryedition projects, and whether critical participation is necessary to suchprojects; designing digital edition functionalities and appearance to servea participatory audience, and what we learn about such an endeavor throughInfinite Ulysses' user experience data; and separating the values oftextual scholarship from their embodiments to imagine new types of edition.A review of theoretical and built precedents from textual scholarship,scholarly design and code projects, public and participatory humanitiesendeavors, and theories around a digital Ulysses grounds the report,followed by an overview of the features of the Infinite Ulyssesparticipatory digital edition. Section 2 discusses existing examples ofpublic participation in digital humanities (DH) projects, Section 3 focuseson digital editions and the design process, Section 4 reimagines thedigital edition by separating textual scholarship values from the commonembodiments of these values, and the conclusion sums up the interventionsof this project and lists next steps for continuing this research. Abibliography and appendices (full texts of user surveys, explanation ofproject's dissertational format, wireframes and screenshot from throughoutthe design process) conclude the report.
Distributional effects of transport policies on inequalities in access to opportunities in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Rafael H. M. , Banister David , Schwanen Tim , Wessel Nate
Published: July 2018

The evaluation of the social impacts of transport policies is attracting growing attention in recent years. Yet, this literature is still predominately focused on developed countries. The goal of this research is to investigate how investments in public transport networks can reshape social and geographical inequalities in access to opportunities in a developing country, using the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) as a case study. Recent mega-events, including the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, have triggered substantial investment in the city’s transport system. More recently, though, bus services in Rio have been rationalized and reduced as a response to a fiscal crisis and a drop in passenger demand, giving a unique opportunity to look at the distributional effects this cycle of investment and disinvestment have had on peoples’ access to educational and employment opportunities. Based on a before-and-after comparison of Rio’s public transport network, this study uses a spatial regression model and cluster analysis to estimate how accessibility gains vary across different income groups and areas of the city between April 2014 and March 2017. The results show that recent cuts in service levels have offset the potential benefits of newly added public transport infrastructure in Rio. Average access by public transport to jobs and public high-schools decreased approximately 4% and 6% in the period, respectively. Nonetheless, wealthier areas had on average small but statistically significant higher gains in access to schools and job opportunities than poorer areas. These findings suggest that, contrary to the official discourses of transport legacy, recent transport policies in Rio have exacerbated rather than reduced socio-spatial inequalities in access to opportunities. These results also suggest that future research should consider how the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) can influence the equity assessment of transport projects.
This I Believe Speech & Essay
Authors: Wharton Kota
Published: July 2018

3 minute: This I Believe speech and essay about parts of success, including key points to dream big, to work hard, and to stay humble.
The contribution of personality and workplace characteristics in predicting turnover intention among Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners
Authors: Strunk Kathleen , Strunk Kamden K
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine how personality characteristics, sense of organizational empowerment, and job satisfaction combine to predict turnover intention among a population of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) nurses. Data were collected from 161 SANE nurses from 23 SANE organizations across the central and west United States through standardized tools and a demographic questionnaire. Both personality, namely agreeableness, and workplace characteristics, particularly perceived empowerment and job satisfaction, combine to predict intention to leave the job of these sampled SANE nurses. One particularly curious finding is the positive prediction of agreeableness on turnover intention – that is, the more agreeable people would be more likely to leave their jobs as SANE nurses. Professionals can gain insight from the path analysis results that show the need to address both personal and organizational factors in mitigating turnover intention among SANE nurses. This appears to be particularly true in providing a sense of empowerment and opportunity within the organization.
„Caution, Herr Buback!“ - The Attorney General in the Mist of the Interests of the Four Powers
Authors: Braun Artur
Published: July 2018

*The assassination of Federal Attorney General Siegfried Buback as chief prosecutor of the Federal Republic of Germany in April 1977 was phenomenologically a successful frontal strike against the West German state. Even today, members of the Red Army Faction claim credit for this assassination as a success of the resistance against the Federal Republic, which with military precision and at equal level had plunged the state power into a national crisis. Buback played a noticeable role in the East-West conflict of the 60s and 70s as a federal prosecutor. With the departure of the era of détente, he was appointed attorney general and became the protagonist of the fight against terrorism. The so-called "Kissinger Cables", classified diplomatic correspondence of the US State Department from the years 1973-1976, provide a glimpse on what turmoil the Federal Attorney General created for the Allies and the German government until shortly before his assassination. The purpose of this manuscript is to analyze Buback’s action during the East-West conflict of the 60s and 70s and to come to a view of the same from the diplomatic point of view of the Allies and the Federal Government.*
Re-Imagining Digital Copyright Through the Power of Imitation: Lessons from Confucius and Plato
Authors: Frosio Giancarlo
Published: July 2018

For millennia, Western and Eastern culture shared a common creative paradigm. From Confucian China, across the Hindu Kush with the Indian Mahābhārata, the Bible, the Koran and the Homeric epics, to Platonic mimēsis and Shakespeare’s “borrowed feathers,” our culture was created under a fully open regime of access to pre-existing expressions and re-use. Creativity used to be propelled by the power of imitation. However, modern policies have largely forgotten the cumulative and collaborative nature of creativity. Actually, the last three decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion of intellectual property rights in sharp contrast with the open and participatory social norms governing creativity in the networked environment. Against this background, this paper discusses the reaction to traditional copyright policy and the emergence of a social movement re-imagining copyright according to a common tradition focusing on re-use, collaboration, access and cumulative creativity. This reaction builds upon copyright’s growing irrelevance in the public mind, especially among younger generations in the digital environment, because of the emergence of new economics of digital content distribution in the Internet. Along the way, the rise of the users, and the demise of traditional gatekeepers, forced a process of reconsideration of copyright’s rationale and welfare incentives. Scholarly and market alternatives to traditional copyright have been plenty, attempting to reconcile pre-modern, modern and post-modern creative paradigms. Building upon this body of research, proposals and practice, this Article will finally try to chart a roadmap for reform that reconnects Eastern and Western creative experience in light of a common past, looking for a shared future.
Will a highly developed society be able to secure population replacement?
Authors: Cernak Jozef
Published: July 2018

In a highly developed society, economic and social changes often lead to a low total fertility rate (TFR). The low TFR has obviously negative impacts on quality of life of individuals as well as society as a whole, and it could lead to societal decline. Widening of a gap between early beginning of sexual activities and late reproduction start of individuals is a phenomenon specific to humans, not observed in apes, other mammals or other species. We believe that this gap significantly impacts the TFR, while not only economic but also social and cultural aspects like ethics, morals, and religions are important to reverse the low TFR. We contemplate social, moral and economic actions that could reduce this gap. This could also have many positive effects on personal health, satisfaction, and ensure population replacement.
Welfare Reform Attitudes and Single Mothers’ Employment after 20 Years
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2018

A briefing paper prepared for the Council on Contemporary Families
Cross-friend effects on entry into marriage and parenthood: A multiprocess approach
Authors: Balbo Nicoletta , Barban Nicola , Mills Melinda C.
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to investigate whether friends’ and peers’ behavior influences an individual’s entry into marriage and parenthood of young adults in the United States. After first studying entry into marriage and parenthood as two independent events, we then examine them as interrelated processes, thereby considering them as two joint outcomes of an individual’s unique, underlying family-formation strategy. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we engage in a series of discrete time event history models to test whether the larger the number of friends and peers who get married (or have a child), the sooner the individual gets married (or has a child). Results show strong cross-friend effects on entry into parenthood, whereas entry into marriage is only affected by more general contextual effects. Estimates of a multiprocess model show that cross-friend effects on entry into parenthood remain strongly significant even when we control for cross-process unobserved heterogeneity.
Is it a library or is it art?
Authors: Kerrigan Catherine
Published: July 2018

The Future Library. The Library of Unborrowed Books. The Reanimation Library. A Library of Approximate Location. These are not typical names for libraries but they are tantalising and they are real. Each of these libraries has been created by an artist and they are not the only ones. These libraries function both as libraries and as art installations and can be temporary exhibitions or permanent installations. Some are recognisably libraries and others are not. Some are tied to a specific place and others are peripatetic. They are scattered around the globe and, as well as investigating artistic themes of time, loss, place and memory, consider the library as subject as well as object. As such, they raise interesting questions for librarians. What does the library symbolise for the artist and the audience? What are the motivations of the artists involved? What purposes do these libraries aim to achieve? What does it mean for the artist to become the librarian? What are the implications for us as librarians? What can we learn from these artist libraries? This paper will explore these questions and attempt some preliminary answers.
Online Piracy of Indian Movies: Is the Film Industry Firing at the Wrong Target?
Authors: Scaria Arul George
Published: July 2018

India has recently introduced some digital rights management (DRM)provisions to the Indian copyright law with the objective of providing“adequate” protection for copyrighted material in the online digitalenvironment. Film industry was one of the biggest lobbying groups behindthe new DRM provisions in India, and the industry has been consistentlytrying to portray online piracy as a major threat. The Indian film industryalso extensively uses John Doe orders from the high courts in India toprevent the access of Internet users to websites suspected to be hostingpirated material. This paper explores two questions in the context of thenew DRM provisions in India: (1) Is online piracy a threat to theIndian film industry? and (2) Are the present measures taken by the filmindustry the optimal measures for addressing the issue of online piracy?Based on data from an extensive empirical survey conducted in India, thispaper questions the claims of the industry that online piracy is at asubstantial level in India. The Internet usage related data in India alsosupport the findings from the empirical survey. However, the paper observesthat pirated Indian movie content is abundant in the Internet and thisshows the existence of strong demand for those content. Based on a carefulanalysis of different websites hosting pirated Indian movies, the paperillustrates that the most probable consumers of those piratedmovies are the millions of (potential) consumers residing abroad. The paperargues that the enactment of DRM provisions under Indian copyright law orwide sweeping John Doe orders may never be a solution for such piracy.Piracy of Indian movie content abroad is primarily attributable to thefailure of the Indian film industry to explore innovative business modelsto reach (potential) consumers abroad. The paper argues that the Indianfilm industry may achieve sustainable solutions for online piracy only bymaking the legitimate products reach those consumers.
Una aproximación desde el paradigma de la sostenibilidad de la vida a los proyectos de electrificación rural en el marco de la cooperación internacional
Authors: Saavedra Cristina Alonso
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTCross-University Master Degree in Human RightsCross-Culture and DevelopmentUniversidad Pablo de OlavideUniversidad Internacional de AndalucíaAuthor: CRISTINA ALONSO SAAVEDRCounselor: YAYO HERRERO LÓPEZAbstract: in the current investigation work, we will analyse the right to the energy supply, as a leading good to other improvements in decent housing, education, health, etc. We will also observe how is the impact of the supply in the different aspects of daily life in the communities and specially in their women. The case study will be developed into the frame of the international development cooperation, taking several projects of rural electrification in the South coordinated by develompent NGOs from the North. The analysis will make a panoramic and historical revision of the evolution of the international develompent cooperation and the different approaches from a gender perspective. Later on we will deepen the concept of Energy and the evolution of its consumption along the Human History, being specially aware of not skipping the fact that the use of women bodies as an energy resource is essential to mantain the current economical system. We are in the need of a different paradigma that questions the basis of Capitalism and Patriarchy, because here is where the hegemonic concepts are hold. Thus, we will propose an analysis framework with an Ecofeminist approach to obtain sustainability and we will use it to analyse the projects of rural electrification.The critical Human Rights theory defines the rights as fighting processes that pursue an egalitarian access to material and immaterial goods. Taking this into account, the energy supply is understood as a material good that will lead to the obtention of other material and immaterial goods. Thus, the technology implemented in the communities for the energy supply will go together with a fighting process to get an egalitarian access, along with processes of social transformation. So, the technology installed must mean a real emancipation tool for the community and especially for women. This emancipation will depend on the process rather than on the transference as a simple technological aim. This is why the development NGOs that work for the defense of the rights in this communities suppling them energy must go beyond a simpe technified approach. That means the need of focusing in the process, letting the community participate and reviewing the models of participation from a gender perspective. The goal must then be the satisfaction of the basic needs of the population and especially the real needs of women, because they have been hidden under gender roles. Besides, the implementation of technology cannot forget aspects as environmental, social and gender justice for the effective and real achievement of the desired sustainability.
On Religious Rejectionism
Authors: Goldman Daniel S
Published: July 2018

The opposition to existing religions seems to have given rise to a new system of belief and culture. This system, referred to in this paper as Religious Rejectionism, has all the characteristics of a religion. The paper argues for the religious nature of Religious Rejectionism, and finishes by providing suggestions on future research of the topic.
Deliberative Qualities of Generic News Frames: Assessing the Democratic Value of Strategic Game and Contestation Framing in Election Campaign Coverage
Authors: Rinke Eike Mark , Wessler Hartmut , Weinmann Carina , Löb Charlotte
Published: July 2018

News frames are patterns of news construction journalists rely on to present information to their audiences. While much of the research on news frames has focused on their identification and effects, less work has investigated the specific contributions these different frames make to democratic life. Value judgments about distinct news frames are often not generated in a systematic fashion, not grounded in democratic theory, and/or not supported by empirical evidence. In this article, we address these problems by arguing for and extending normative assessment as a standard operating procedure to determine the democratic value of political communication phenomena. We demonstrate the usefulness of normative assessment by showing how two important generic news frames (politics as a strategic game and as a substantive contestation) contribute to a deliberative public discourse prior to a general election. Using data on television news coverage of the German federal election campaign in 2009, we investigate how these frames are related to the inclusiveness and civility of public discourse and the extent to which it features exchanges of substantive reasons for political positions. Results show that mediated democratic deliberation suffers consistently from strategic game framing, while contestation frames make ambivalent contributions. Implications for political communication scholarship as well as journalistic practice are discussed.
Topic Modeling as a Method for Frame Analysis: Data Mining the Climate Change Debate in India and the USA
Authors: Ylä-Anttila Tuukka , Eranti Veikko , Kukkonen Anna
Published: July 2018

This article proposes an operationalization of topic modeling as a data mining method for studying framing in public debates. We argue that 'topics' can be interpreted as frames, if 1) frames are operationalized as connections between concepts, 2) subject-specific data is selected, and 3) topics are adequately validated as frames, for which we suggest a practical procedure. As an empirical example, we study the global climate change debate in the media, by comparing frames used by NGO's, governments and experts in India and the USA. Our model identifies 12 framings of climate change, used in varied proportions by the different actors in the two countries. Topic modeling frames enables the usage of larger datasets and facilitates discovery of previously unnoticed framing patterns. It does not replace qualitative interpretation, but rather complements it by enabling a degree of automated classification before the interpretive stage.
The Relationship between Learner Motivation and Vocabulary Size: The Case of Iraqi EFL Classrooms
Authors: Journal Arab World English , ALBODAKH Mohammed Khaleel Khudhur , Cinkara Emrah
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the relationship between learner motivation and vocabulary size in English as foreign language (EFL) classrooms at Duhok University. The participants included 100 students (55 male, 45 female). All participants were pursuing their third years of study in an English department. Two instruments were employed: questionnaires regarding Motivation for Foreign Language Learning (MFLL) and Vocabulary Size Test (VST). The primary goal of this study is to determine which factors of motivation profoundly affect the foreign language learning processes of Iraqi EFL students and to what extent they should develop their depth and breadth English vocabularies in order to sufficiently acquire the language and elaborate the importance of both components in language acquisition. Findings showed that female students experienced both types of motivation, with the mean score of extrinsic motivation being 29.91, and that for intrinsic motivation being 31.20, while the mean score of male students was 27.10 for extrinsic motivation and 28.00 for intrinsic motivation. The VST ranged from 1,000 to 14,000 word-families, and the vocabulary size of both groups was over 6,000 word-families. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between learner motivation and vocabulary size. For both groups, the results indicated no relationship between these two aspects of students' foreign language leaning. To investigate the difference between MFLL and VST, an independent samples t-test was utilized and no difference was found to exist between the vocabularies of both groups.
Generations of Advantage. Multigenerational Correlations in Family Wealth
Authors: Pfeffer Fabian T. , Killewald Alexandra A.
Published: July 2018

Inequality in family wealth is high, yet we know little about how much and how wealth inequality is maintained across generations. We argue that a long-term perspective reflective of wealth’s cumulative nature is crucial to understand the extent and channels of wealth reproduction across generations. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that span nearly half a century, we show that a one decile increase in parents’ wealth position is associated with an increase of about 4 percentiles in their offspring’s wealth position in adulthood. We show that grandparental wealth is a unique predictor of grandchildren’s wealth, above and beyond the role of parental wealth, suggesting that a focus on only parent-child dyads understates the importance of family wealth lineages. Second, considering five channels of wealth transmission — gifts and bequests, education, marriage, homeownership, and business ownership — we find that most of the advantages arising from family wealth begin much earlier in the life-course than the common focus on bequests implies, even when we consider the wealth of grandparents. We also document the stark disadvantage of African-American households in terms of not only their wealth attainment but also their intergenerational wealth mobility compared to whites.
Tradaptation of Dramatic Texts
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Saoudi Bechir
Published: July 2018

This article deals with the feasibility of applying cultural translation studies approaches to intra-lingual adaptation of dramatic texts through the discussion of adaptation terminology, the interchangeability of adaptation and translation, and the relevance of combining both into “tradaptation”. The purpose is to study loose adaptations of dramatic texts, especially those of Shakespeare, following cultural translation studies principles. The study has shown that it is satisfactorily feasible to use inter-lingual translation principles, across the spectrum from strictly literal to loose free, and apply them to the intra-lingual adaptation of dramatic texts, with the example of The Al-Hamlet Summit as a main reference. Further studies can help attain substantial progress in the analysis of the concept of adaptation.
East European recycling societies: The first steps of rural communities in Neamt County, Romania ( A Glance at the World)
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

This paper provides an overview regarding the recycling prospects in thecase of rural communities in Neamt County.
Building a model for Open Access books
Authors: Snijder Ronald
Published: July 2018

Pre-print of an article. Aimed at LIS students, it describes the environment and the stakeholders for Open Access monographs
The Impact of Legal Cannabis on Poverty and Homelessness in Pueblo County
Authors: McGettigan Timothy
Published: July 2018

There is no evidence that poverty has either increased or decreased in Pueblo, Colorado as a result of cannabis legalization. There is evidence that homelessness in Pueblo has increased recently. Apart from anecdotal reports, there is no scientific evidence that links increased homelessness to legal cannabis. Instead, Black Hills Energy disconnected utilities from more than 7,000 Pueblo homes in 2016 and is, according to Posada’s Anne Stattelman, the largest single cause of homelessness in Pueblo, "It's the number one reason families are becoming homeless in our community" (Girardin 2016).
Simulated Probabilistic Population Estimation
Authors: Dorn Sherman
Published: July 2018

One can estimate population sizes from random nonunique identifier variables such as birthdates or first names. Banks and Pandiani (2001) developed an efficient method of estimating population from the number of birthdates, and extended that to estimating overlaps of two populations. Banks and Pandiani took advantage of the (almost) uniform distribution of birthdates using the coupon-collector model in probability. This paper develops an alternative method from simulated data and extends the method to nonuniform distributions, such as names. The appendix provides applicable R code.
Social Comparisons and Satisfaction with Work
Authors: Hardie Jessica Halliday
Published: July 2018

Two social psychological theories, relative deprivation theory and multiple discrepancies theory, suggest that individuals’ wellbeing depends, in part, on how they compare themselves to others or previously established standards. The current study uses 24 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N=9,813) and employs random- and fixed-effects models to examine whether job satisfaction is a function of four social comparisons: 1) the gap between occupational aspirations in adolescence and attainment, 2) the gap between parents’ occupational attainment and respondent’s occupational attainment, 3) the gap between siblings’ occupational attainment and respondent’s occupational attainment, and 4) the gap between predicted occupational attainment and actual occupational attainment. Findings reveal job satisfaction is negatively associated with falling short of one’s aspirations and falling short of one’s predicted occupational attainment. Exceeding one’s parents’ attainment is associated with higher odds of job satisfaction. However, associations between relative deprivation (or relative gain) and job satisfaction fades with age; young people’s satisfaction with their jobs may be swayed to a greater degree by social comparisons than older adults’ satisfaction. These findings make a unique contribution to the relative deprivation and multiple discrepancies theories, our understanding of wellbeing in relation to work, and variation over the life course.
The Resurfacing of Arabic Qaf [q] in the Speech of Young Ammani Females: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Al-Hawamdeh Rose Fowler , Hamdan Jihad M.
Published: July 2018

The main objective of this study is to explore the factors that affect the absence of the glottal stop [ʔ] and as a result, the resurfacing of the standard Arabic Qaf variable [q], in certain lexical items of young Ammani females who associate themselves with the Jordanian Arabic madani ('urban') dialect of which [ʔ] is a predominant feature. In particular, the study explores why this absence occurs from the perspectives of the speakers themselves in relation to their own language choices. Empirical data are collected through the use of a closed questionnaire and a focus group discussion. The findings reveal that one of the major factors for the resurfacing of [q] is related to the influence of family dialect and social networks and not because the target words are of a religious or formal origin, as once they might have been attested in the speech of older generations.
Influence of Internal Marketing toward Internal Service Quality and impact to Internal Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Jumadi
Published: July 2018

Internal marketing and internal quality service are the important aspect at the organization that can be increaseperformance organization and customer satisfaction. Aim to this research an investigate influence of internal marketingtoward internal service quality with impact to the internal customer satisfaction at Tourism Industry in Yogyakarta Special of Territory. The sample size was 420 respondent with propusive sampling use to determine the sample. The main instrument in this study is questionaire. The analysis used to examine the hypothesis of the study is Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS Version 20.0 Software. The result of the study show that: Internal marketing influence toward internal quality service. Internal marketing and internal quality service significanly influence toward internal costumer satisfation. Never theless, the internal quality service more significanly influence to the internal customer satisfaction than internal marketing. Therefore manager in tourism industry should be improve more the internal marketing than internal quality service.Keywords: Internal Marketing, Internal Quality Service, Internal Costumer Satisfaction, external customer satisfaction