bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
erstaunlich und fremd
Authors: Guzzoni Ute
Published: April 2022

Seit jeher ist es das Ziel von Wissenschaft und Technik, die Dinge und Geschehnisse unserer Welt in den Griff zu bekommen. Die Menschen haben sich das Staunen über das ihnen gegenüber Andere abgewöhnt und, wie Adorno sagt, 'mit steigender Vertrautheit ums Fremde sich betrogen'. Da, wo unabweisbar Fremdes auftritt, erscheint es als bedrohlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht es in diesem Buch um die Besinnung auf die erstaunliche Fremdheit, die uns gleichwohl überall da begegnen kann, wo wir Alltägliches aus seiner Selbstverständlichkeit herausheben, auf eine Besitzergreifung durch unser Begreifen und Tun verzichten und uns auf eine Erfahrung des Anderen als solchen einlassen. Am Beispiel der Begegnung mit Tieren einerseits (wobei es neben der Erfahrung der Blicke von Tieren um Themen wie Sprachlosigkeit, Todlosigkeit, Zeitlosigkeit geht) und mit Kunstwerken andererseits (u.a. von Picasso und Brecht) werden zuvor herausgestellte Grundzüge der Erfahrung von Erstaunlichem und Fremdem noch einmal verdeutlicht.
Menschliche Freiheit - ein vielfältiges Phänomen
Authors: Fleischer Margot
Published: April 2022

Es werden sechs philosophische Perspektiven auf die menschliche Freiheit vor Augen geführt. Jede von ihnen gibt anderes als die übrigen zu bedenken, so dass unsere Freiheit als vielfältiges Phänomen begegnet. Zu verdanken sind die Perspektiven vier Philosophen der älteren Tradition (Aristoteles, Augustin, Kant, Fichte) und zwei Denkern des 20. Jahrhunderts (Sartre, Jonas). Ob wir nun, wie Sartre schreibt, zur Freiheit verurteilt sind, oder ob es gerade die Freiheit ist, die den Menschen als Vernunftwesen auszeichnet, stets muss der Mensch entscheiden, worin für ihn das gute Handeln besteht. So bleibt Freiheit auch und gerade hinsichtlich der Verantwortung gegenüber unseren Mitmenschen und zukünftigen Generationen eine der Grundthemen der Philosophie. Fünf der sechs Kapitel sind Rückgriffe auf von der Autorin anderwärts und voneinander getrennt Publiziertes.
Philosophie aus Glaubenserfahrung
Authors: Henrici Peter
Published: April 2022

Christlicher Glaube und aufgeklärtes, kritisches Denken werden oft als unvereinbar wahrgenommen. Das Beispiel Maurice Blondels, des wohl wirkmächtigsten katholischen Philosophen der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte, kann eines Besseren belehren. Blondels Philosophie ist eine Philosophie kritisch durchdachter Erfahrung. Sie geht von einer menschlichen Grunderfahrung aus, der Unausweichlichkeit des eigenen Tuns, und führt von da zielstrebig durch alle Dimensionen menschlicher Erfahrung in die Tiefen metaphysischer, ja religiöser Erfahrung. Peter Henrici ordnet Blondels Werk philosophie- und geistesgeschichtlich ein und zeigt seine unverminderte Aktualität.
Das moralische Dilemma
Authors: Raters Marie-Luise
Published: April 2022

In der angelsächsischen Moralphilosophie wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten diskutiert, was es für das Selbstverständnis der Moralphilosophie als vernünftige handlungsleitende Disziplin bedeuten müsste, falls die Möglichkeit unauflösbarer moralischer Dilemmata nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann. Diese Frage stellt sich, weil in einem moralischen Dilemma ein und dieselbe Handlung in ein und derselben Situation für ein und denselben Akteur offenbar sowohl moralisch geboten als auch verboten zu sein scheint. Müsste die Moralphilosophie die Unauflösbarkeit mancher Dilemmata zugestehen, geriete die Moral demnach in den Verdacht, von den moralischen Akteuren Kontradiktorisches bzw. Unsinniges zu fordern. Das Buch leitet in das metamoralische Problem ein und klärt dann den Begriff des ›Dilemmas‹ der angelsächsischen Debatte. Anschließend rekonstruiert es die Positionen von D. Ross, R. M. Hare, der deontischen Logik, B. Williams und Th. Nagel. In einem letzten Schrittbeantwortet es die Frage nach der prinzipiellen Lösbarkeit aller Dilemmata aus der Sicht des amerikanischen Pragmatismus und skizziert unter dem Etikett »die Nagelprobe« eine Methode des adäquaten Umgangs mit dem moralischen Dilemma für die Angewandte Ethik.
Der Weg der europäischen Philosophie
Authors: Schmitz Hermann
Published: April 2022

Es ist an der Zeit, Geschichte der Philosophie nicht mehr nur als geschätztes, aber unverbindliches Bildungsgut zu erzählen, sondern zu prüfen, was die Philosophie auf ihrem Weg durch die Geschichte Europas den Menschen „angetan“ hat, im Guten wie im Bösen. Dieses Ziel setzt sich Hermann Schmitz in einem zweibändigen Werk, indem er diesen Weg analytisch und kritisch von Homer bis Merleau-Ponty nachzeichnet.

Der erste Band gliedert die Geschichte der antiken Philosophie in drei Phasen: 1. die archaische, in der das menschliche Selbstverständnis allmählich von der Ausgesetztheit an unwillkürliche Regungen zur Selbstbemächtigung hinüberwächst, während das Weltverständnis von vielsagenden Eindrücken, die an leibnah gespürten Kräften abgelesen werden, geleitet wird. 2. den Bruch mit dem archaischen Denken seit Demokrit im Zeichen eines neuen Paradigmas, das die Welt in abgeschlossene Innenwelten (Seelen) und eine empirische Außenwelt zerlegt. das ungeheure Potential für Selbst- und Weltbemächtigung, das diese Vergegenständlichung freisetzt, wird zunächst nur für Selbstbemächtigung genützt. 3. den spätantiken heidnischen Neuplatonismus, der mit dem Gedanken der Vieleinigkeit diese Vergegenständlichung unterläuft und dadurch trotz abgöttischer Verehrung für Platon so platonfern denkt wie keine andere Philosophenschule in Europa.
Der Weg der europäischen Philosophie
Authors: Schmitz Hermann
Published: April 2022

Es ist an der Zeit, Geschichte der Philosophie nicht mehr nur als geschätztes, aber unverbindliches Bildungsgut zu erzählen, sondern zu prüfen, was die Philosophie auf ihrem Weg durch die Geschichte Europas den Menschen „angetan“ hat, im Guten wie im Bösen. Dieses Ziel setzt sich Hermann Schmitz in einem zweibändigen Werk, indem er diesen Weg analytisch und kritisch von Homer bis Merleau-Ponty nachzeichnet. Der zweite Band setzt beim Urchristentum ein, das zum archaischen Denken hinter die demokritisch-platonische (psychologistisch-reduktionistisch-introjektionistische) Vergegenständlichung zurückspringt, damit aber schon bei Augustinus, der durch ein im Dienst eigenen Glücks bloß utilitaristisches Verhältnis zur Welt neuzeitliches Denken tendenziell vorwegnimmt, keine Rolle mehr spielt. Dieser Vergegenständlichung kommt in der Scholastik, im Zuge des Universalienproblems und des Verständnisses von Einheit, der Singularismus zu Hilfe, der sich bei Wilhelm von Ockham radikal durchsetzt. Singularismus ist die Überzeugung, dass alles ohne Weiteres einzeln ist. Er ebnet den Weg zum Konstellationismus, der die Welt als Netzwerk einzelner Faktoren deutet. Singularismus als Konstellationismus ist zusammen mit dem demokritisch-platonischen Paradigma der Schlüssel theoretischer und technischer Weltbemächtigung, seit die Menschen diese von Bacon an in die eigenen Hände genommen haben. Kant ist der erste, dem der Singularismus so selbstverständlich ist, dass er ihn nicht mehr zu verständigen und zu rechtfertigen braucht. Erst nach Kant bemerkt ein Philosoph (Fichte), dass jeder, der „Wer bin ich?“ fragt, mit dem Erfragten nicht bei den objektiven oder neutralen Tatsachen unterkommt. Da aber alle Tatsachen für objektiv gehalten werden, scheint dieses Erfragte in eine rätselhafte Schwebelage über oder zwischen allen Tatsachen zu geraten. Damit beginnt das (noch nicht abgeschlossene) ironistische Zeitalter im Zeichen der (romantischen) Ironie und Ichangst. zum heimlichen Leitmotiv der Philosophie wird die Alternative von Aushalten (Existenzphilosophie) und Abweisen der Paradoxie, begleitet von Wiederbelebung der neuplatonischen Vieleinigkeit im Deutschen Idealismus (besonders bei Hegel), in der Lebensphilosophie und beim späten Heidegger.
Die zulässige Marktpraxis im Rahmen des Verbots der Marktmanipulation
Authors: Reidt Maximilian
Published: April 2022

The thesis examines the European regulation of accepted market practices under MAR, which is an exemption to the prohibition of market manipulation. The provision provides supervisory authorities with the possibility to establish a prohibition exemption on their own. This thesis deals with the individual requirements that have to be fulfilled in order to establish the exemption in conformity with the law. Finally, the practical implementation and the economic background are examined in more detail. The prohibition of market manipulation and the other exemptions (securities stabilisation and buy-back programmes) are also taken into account. The dissertation is rounded off with a look at US law in dealing with market practices.
Die einkommensteuerliche Behandlung börsengehandelter Optionsgeschäfte im Rahmen privater Vermögensverwaltung
Authors: Kissling Bernd
Published: April 2022

The legal situation is unclear and difficult to disentangle in its complexity. This dissertation provides answers and fresh impetus for the income tax treatment of options transactions. The work helps the legal practitioner and enhances insights into current income tax law in the fields mentioned. The author examines and presents the tax treatment of exchange-traded options transactions in the context of private asset management in all variants and branches, including those involving foreign currencies. Open questions are revealed, discussed and given consistent and practical solutions. There are tax gaps in the current statutory text. The author therefore recommends de lege ferenda additions to the wording.
Die offene Distanzierung von einem Kartell
Authors: Sieben Maria Katharina
Published: April 2022

The European Commission bears the burden of proof for factual requirements regarding the prohibition of cartels under Article 101 (1) TFEU. If the Commission succeeds in proving the elements of this article, the undertakings involved in a cartel are liable to heavy fines. Hence, how undertakings may abandon themselves from a cartel is an extremely relevant question in practice. The so-called "public distancing" is the most important instrument available to undertakings and is therefore the subject of numerous decisions of the EGC and CJEU. This thesis examines the dogmatic classification and pursues the question under which conditions a successful public distancing must be fulfilled and which legal function is assigned to this instrument.
The Power in Groups: Using Cluster Analysis to Critically Quantify Women’s STEM Enrollment
Authors: M. Gansemer-Topf Ann , Genschel Ulrike , Hien Nguyen Xuan , Sourwine Jasmine , Wang Yuchen
Published: April 2022

Despite efforts to close the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), disparities still exist, especially in math intensive STEM (MISTEM) majors. Females and males receive similar academic preparation and overall, perform similarly, yet females continue to enroll in STEM majors less frequently than men. In examining academic preparation, most research considers performance measures individually, ignoring the possible interrelationships between these measures. We address this problem by using hierarchical agglomerative clustering – a statistical technique which allows for identifying groups (i.e., clusters) of students who are similar in multiple factors. We first apply this technique to readily available institutional data to determine if we could identify distinct groups. Results illustrated that it was possible to identify nine unique groups. We then examined differences in STEM enrollment by group and by gender. We found that the proportion of females differed by group, and the gap between males and females also varied by group. Overall, males enrolled in STEM at a higher proportion than females and did so regardless of the strength of their academic preparation. Our results provide a novel yet feasible approach to examining gender differences in STEM enrollment in postsecondary education.
Perspective Chapter: Evolution of User Interface and User Experience in Mobile Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications
Authors: J. Van de Broek Peter , Onime Clement , O. Uhomobhi James , Santachiara Mattia
Published: April 2022

An end-use’s experience of any software is typically influenced by the interface presented by the application to the user. For Mixed Reality Environments such as Augmented and Virtual Reality, the user interface is highly visual, and a poor interface can significantly degrade the user experience. Adequate attention is required when designing or creating interfaces and user experience within Mixed Reality Environments as traditional interface design goals and specifications often need to be adjusted. Furthermore, for mixed reality environments on Mobile devices there are additional interface constraints and considerations that would considerably improve the user experience when properly addressed. This research paper discusses the evolution(s) of user interface(s) and user experience of Augmented and Virtual Reality applications on Mobile devices and contributes a framework for improving user interfaces and experience when using Mixed Reality Environments.
Cyber victimization and cyber aggression among high school students: Emotion regulation as a moderator
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Kamal , Rahman Jakia
Published: April 2022

Adolescents of Bangladesh today are facing significantly higher rates of stressors with differing severity and frequency of anxiety, depression, internalizing, and externalizing problems to mention a few (cited in Mullick et al., 2019). Many of them use cyberspace where their limited capacity for emotion regulation may put them at the risk of cyber aggression as well as cyber victimization. However, the true dynamics of the relationship between cyber aggression, cyber victimization, and emotion regulation are largely unknown. The present study is therefore undertaken to address the issue by testing the effect of two components of emotion regulation on the relationship between cyber victimization and cyber aggression. A questionnaire package including Bangla translated versions of Cyber-Victimization Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYVIC), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA), and Personal Information Form (PIF) was administered to a purposive-convenience sample of 250 high school students (48% boys and 52% girls). The students were between the ages of 11 through 17 years with a mean age of 14.77 years (SD = 1.41). Independent sample t-tests revealed significant gender differences in all major variables; hence subsequent analyses were conducted on subsamples of boys and girls. Pearson product-moment correlation showed a significant association between key variables where the association of expressive suppression with cyber victimization and cyber aggression was negative for girls and positive for boys. Hierarchical regression analyses manifested buffering effect of both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression weakening the relationship between cyber victimization and cyber aggression for girls. A similar pattern was observed for boys where cognitive reappraisal only weakened the relationship between cyber victimization and cyber aggression but not for expressive suppression in boys. The findings have been interpreted in the light of past studies.
Teorinės mechanikos dėsnių ir metodų taikymas inžinerijoje: Statika. Kinematika. Dinamika
Authors: Jotautienė Eglė , Bozys Jonas , Palšauskas Mečys , Lekavičienė Kristina
Published: April 2022

Techniškųjų mokslų studentams teorinė mechanika yra ne tiek studijų tikslas, kiek priemonė praktikoje pasitaikantiems uždaviniams spręsti. Labai svarbu žinoti ir mokėti taikyti praktikoje mechanikos dėsnius ir metodus, nes pereiti nuo konkretaus uždavinio prie jo matematinio formulavimo yra nelengva. Autoriai, remdamiesi teorinės mechanikos kurso dėstymo patirtimi, parašė mokomąją knygą „Teorinės mechanikos dėsnių taikymas inžinerijoje“. Šiame leidinyje pateikta visų dalyko dalių – statikos, kinematikos ir dinamikos – sunkiau suvokiami teoriniai bei praktiniai klausimai. Ši mokomoji knyga skirta mechanikos profilio studentams. Ja galės pasinaudoti ir kitų profilių studentai, studijuojantys teorinę mechaniką.
Oskar Looritsa portree Tartu Ülikoolile esitatud aruannete valguses
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Jaago Tiiu
Published: April 2022

Oskar Loorits (1900–1961) is an Estonian folklore researcher, who is primarily known as the researcher of the folk tradition and religion of the Livonians, and as the founder and the first director of the Estonian Folklore Archives, founded in 1927. His connections with the University of Tartu have been discussed to a lesser extent. The article is based on the materials of the University of Tartu, mainly personnel records, stored in the National Archives of Estonia. Loorits was admitted to the University of Tartu in 1919, i.e., the same year the university adopted Estonian as the language of instruction instead of Russian and German. This involved the opening of new chairs, including the Chair of the Baltic Finnic Languages and the Chair of Folkloristics. Loorits specialised in Baltic Finnic languages and graduated with a master’s degree in 1923. Thereafter he started doctoral studies, while also changing his specialisation. In 1926, he presented his research on Livonian folk religion, for which he was awarded a doctoral degree in folkloristics. In 1927, he submitted the papers required for habilitation to the university and received the right to work as a lecturer at the university. From 1927 to 1942, he worked as an associate professor of folkloristics at the University of Tartu. In 1944, he left Estonia for Sweden. The article looks at the activities of Loorits at the University of Tartu in the period 1919–1942. As he received a scholarship from the university for both studies (1921–1923) and research (1923–1927), he had to present a report of his completed work to the university’s Faculty of Philosophy and to the university’s government at the end of each term. As he worked at the university at an hourly rate, he continued reporting until the Soviet power was established in Estonia in the summer of 1940. Besides factual information, his reports contain a remarkable amount of information on his personal development. These reports reflect Loorits’ keen eye for research problems and opportunities and reveal his great work ability and strict self-discipline. He was able to manage large research fields as he saw possibilities for organising them. He was a strict lecturer, although supportive of young researchers when they were successful. Loorits’ reports and the accompanying documents also provide an insight into the everyday life at the university of the 1920s–1930s. One can see that at the beginning of the period, the comparative method was predominant (this research method was represented by the professor of folkloristics Walter Anderson), and then the research methods based on the tradition group and presentation (Loorits) and the poetics of folklore (August Annist) were added. This was a period of significant advancement of research and science. While Loorits was able to see potential research perspectives and apply new research methods, his work was also theoretically innovative and shaped the future folklore research.
Võit või lein? Venemaa 9. mai pidustuste kahemõttelisusest väiksest udmurdi külast vaadatuna
Authors:   National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations (INALCO), France, Toulouze Eva ,   University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: April 2022

Each year on 9 May Russia celebrates Victory Day with great grandeur and pathos. However, it is difficult to realize from afar how deep the roots of this pathos are and what it actually means for people to participate in these celebrations. It is also worth mentioning that, besides drilled marching and national pathos, people in some villages are used to combining Victory Day celebrations with the spring commemorations of the dead.
ELOVL2-AS1 inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Mingda , Zhang Jingyang , Li Guangyu , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: April 2022

In this study, we identified a key enhancer RNA (eRNA) region in breast cancer (BRCA) by applying an integrated analysis method. Reported eRNA region and genes affected by them were selected as presumed target pairs. Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival and correlation analyses were performed to screen valuable eRNA region. Based on the KM value and its correlation with the paired target genes, we carefully selected ELOVL2-AS1 as a potential key eRNA region in BRCA. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression of ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2 in four BRCA subtypes and in different BRCA cell lines. The expression of ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was significantly lower than those in Luminal A. After that, we analyzed the function of genes that are positively correlated with ELOVL2-AS1. We found that the co-expression gene mainly related to cilia and cilia characteristics of TNBC is significantly weaker than that of Luminal A. Considering the stronger invasion and metastasis of TNBC (compared with Luminal A) and the close relationship between decreased cilia and metastasis, we overexpressed ELOVL2-AS1 in TNBC and observed its effect on cell migration. The results show that it can inhibit the migration of TNBC. Finally, we analyzed the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data, chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing data, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data and identified the chromatin interaction between ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2, suggesting a direct regulatory interaction.
Study on the Numerical Analysis of In-Line Type Separator for Oil-Water Multiphase
Authors: Kim Hyunji , Kim Gwinam , Kim Youngju , Woo Namsub , Huh Sunchul
Published: April 2022

Subsea separation is an attractive and economical solution for the development of deepsea offshore oil and gas fields that generate hydrate or wax-free fluids. The submarine separation system must be able to ensure successful operation over a wide range of multiphase flows. Subsea separators can be an efficient tool to improve hydrocarbon production and avoid or simplify the expensive surface platforms of floating vessels. One of the solutions of interest is separating and reinjecting water from the seabed so that water does not go up to the surface facility. In this study, the liquid-liquid flow characteristics inside the inline subsea separation system were investigated for the design of the subsea separation system. The separation efficiency of the submarine separator is determined through a liquid-liquid phase separation phosphorus experiment. In addition, the internal vortex element (ISE) modeling of the separator has been optimized. The results of the analysis were utilized to improve the reliability and efficiency of the subsea separation system.
Adaptive Urban Intervention in a Wetland: A Study from Hamidchar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Zahid , Barua Nishan , Sultana Nusrat
Published: April 2022

Over the last few decades the on-rushing surge of population created an urban structural instability across the under developing parts of the globe like Bangladesh. For instance, due to over population and urban sprawl the current development pattern of this country is culminating in filling up wetlands, changing the course of lakes, narrowing down in some cases killing rivers for urban development leaving the urban health in the face of a disastrous future. The concern for implementing an adaptive sustainable strategy that interacts with wetlands and rivers in the field of urban landscape should be prioritize as the burning question that need to be answered. This paper will be emphasizing on the strategies & guidelines to restore a riparian wetland through imputing wetland sensitive technique saving the riparian edge as well as creating a value of this wetland by suggesting some urban programs that will not only provide recreational value but also provide economic benefit to the local people. In this research there will be a sole intention to develop sustainable and riparian sensitive guidelines which would especially be applicable for riparian wetland development that leaves least impact on nature and promote the adjacent community life and wellbeing of urban health.
A Study in Search Pattern Efficiency Using Under-Actuated Aircraft
Authors: Carvalho Tiago , Ferreira Leonardo , Silva Daniel Castro
Published: April 2022

Area coverage algorithms or Search Patterns have always been useful in many real life problems such as search and rescue missions, crime prevention, forest fire detection and many others. This means knowing which algorithms to apply in the different cases in order to obtain the best results is immensely valuable. The goal of this paper is to evaluate mission performance and with it discover the best approach for various possible problems. In order to achieve this goal, multiple metrics were created to have some indicators that can be used to calculate search pattern performance. Various simulations were conducted, with different strategies and parameters, to compare distinct approaches to the various missions. These experiments consisted in applying different search patterns in a search mission with distinct delimitation areas and parameters. The results obtained allow the user to easily adopt the most efficient strategy in the scope of the simulations executed. For example, the larger the ratio between height and width of the delimitation area, the better the Parallel Track pattern is, when compared to the others. On the other hand, the closer the area is to a circle, the better the Spiral search pattern is, when compared to the others.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach to Predict LWST Values from Friction and Texture Measurements
Authors: Khasawneh Mohammad Ali , Aljarrah Mohammad F. , Alsaleh Nael
Published: April 2022

The paper aims to find whether friction values namely skid numbers obtained by the Locked Wheel Skid Trailer (LWST) device can be predicted using values obtained by the Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) and the Circular Texture Meter (CTM). The last two measure the coefficient of dynamic friction (called DFTx) at different speeds (labeled x) and the Mean Profile Depth (MPD), they also measure the International Friction Index (IFI) parameters F60 and Sp. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) software was used to investigate the relationships. Twelve (12) different models were proposed with different input parameters and the best model giving the highest coefficient of determination (R2) was discussed in this paper. The results show that the most influential factors on LWST friction values are MPD, DFT0, DFT50, and DFT64 and MPD was the strongest among them. In addition, results show that the ANN approach is very efficient in predicting the LWST friction values for both training and validation sets with R2 values of 79% and 83%, respectively. It was also shown that the IFI parameters were relatively less influential on LWST values than DFT and MPD measurements.
Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status in Hypertensive Smokers: A Case-control Study
Authors: Ulla Syed Sadath , D'souza Vivian , Bhat Bhagyajyothi M
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hypertension and smoking are two independent risk factors for oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia, there by development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. The effect of smoking on oxidants, antioxidants and lipid profile in hypertensive individuals is the matter of concern. Aim: To compare fasting serum lipid profile, Glutathione (GSH) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) of hypertensive smokers and hypertensive non smokers. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, between SeptemberDecember 2021. The study population consisted of 58 hypertensive smokers and 58 hypertensive non smokers visiting the Department of Internal Medicine, tertiary care hospital. Height, weight, smoking intensity, family history of hypertension was recorded, fasting serum lipid profile, GSH and TBARS were estimated. Smoking intensity was expressed as pack-years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the measured height and weight. The data were analysed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 40.38±14.96 years whereas among controls, the mean age was 45.98±14.96 years. Among cases, 50 were males and eight were females, whereas among the controls, 47 were males and 11 females. Forty three out of 58 subjects in cases and 45 out of 58 subjects in controls had a family history of hypertension. A significant increase in the levels of serum TC, TAG, LDL-C, TBARS and a significant decrease in GSH, BMI in cases compared to the control (p<0.001) was observed. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG), Low Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (LDL-C) and TBARS exhibited a significant positive correlation whereas, BMI, HDL-C and GSH showed a negative correlation with pack-years. Conclusion: Smoking was found to be significantly associated with dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in hypertensive individuals. It was observed that the dyslipidaemia and oxidative damage were correlated with the pack-years in hypertensive smokers.
Direct Evidence for Intracellular Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells: Insulin-independent Glucose Metabolisms
Authors: Sorimachi Kenji
Published: April 2022

In our previous study, carbonates, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, influence glucose metabolism in vitro, using Py-3Y1-S2 rat fibroblast cells, and these compounds accelerate significantly glucose consumption. In the present study, the effects of the carbonates on glucose metabolism were examined to determine whether these effects are universal among different cell lines, VERO green monkey kidney cells, TE-13 human esophageal cancer cells, and HepG2 human cells.  Glucose was completely converted to lactate, which disappeared gradually from the culture medium. However, the disappearance of lactate from the medium was independent of carbonates. The present study clarified that NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 directly regulate glucose metabolism among different cell lines via an insulin-independent pathway, that is, intracellular homeostasis.
Study of Correlations and Path Evaluations to Find Yield Contributing Characters in Chickpea Genotypes
Authors: Paul Prasenjit , Patil S. S. , Manojkumar N. , Kumar Gandhi Mukul
Published: April 2022

One of the most critical parts of any crop breeding effort is the identification of potent parents with specific yield-contributing features. In Rabi 2018-19, the Pulses improvement project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri, Maharashtra, India, performed a study with thirty-three chickpea genotypes (along with three checks) in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications. Each plot was made up of a single 4-meter-long row with a 30 × 10 centimetre spacing. Seed yield per plant exhibited a high significant positive correlation with the number of pods per plant, plant spread, plant height, and the number of secondary branches per plant, according to correlation studies. 100 seed weight showed high significant positive correlation with plant height and significant negative correlation with no of seeds per pod. Path coefficient analysis exposed that days to 50% flowering, no of primary branches per plant, no of secondary branches per plant, plant height and no of pods per plant had positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Days to maturity, plant spread, no of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight showed negative direct effect on seed yield per plant (Table 3). The number of pods per plant, the number of secondary branches per plant, and the height of the plant all demonstrated a positive and significant relationship with seed yield per plant, as well as having direct positive effects. As a result, these characters could be considered for improving chickpea yield.
Impact of COVID-19 on Admission into the Department of Paediatric Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH) Jos
Authors: Shehu Maryam , Ihekaike Marcia , O. Jimoh Adenike , Shehu Hassan , Mava Yakubu , E. Eseigbe Edwin , M. Yakubu Alhassan
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic has a significant impact on global health systems, not only in terms of the number of people infected with the disease, but also in terms of patients with other diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures taken to combat it, such as complete lockdown, has a significant impact on health seeking behaviour and the health care-delivery system. Studies have shown that while COVID-19 confirmed cases have gradually increased, visits to hospitals for non-COVID infections have steadily decreased. Concerns are arising about the potential harmful impact of COVID-19 response strategies on the management of other medical disorders.

Objective: To assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on admissions into the Department of Paediatrics Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State.

Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital out-patients and admission records into the Paediatrics department of Bingham University Teaching Hospital from April 2019 to March 2021. The records from one year pre-COVID and one year COVID period were compared. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results: The total number of pediatric patients seen at the Paediatrics department (POPD/EPU/SCBU/PMW) decreased by 28 percent, from 5657 in 2019/2020 to 4079 in 2020/2021 (P <0.001). The number of patients hospitalized in the Paediatrics medical ward (PMW) declined by 19 percent, while the number of admissions in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) declined by 10 percent. The overall number of consultations in the emergency department unit (EPU) decreased by 23 percent. The total number of patients seen and admitted in the various units of the paediatric department decreased during the lockdown period by 60 percent compared to the pre-lockdown period.

 Conclusion: The pandemic and the precautions taken in response to COVID-19 have resulted in a significant reduction in pediatric admissions for diseases other than COVID-19.
Postharvest Conservation of 'Thomson' Pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton and Rose] as a Function of Storage Temperature
Authors: Gularte Paulo Sérgio , Zanardi Odimar Zanuzo , Miqueloto Tiago , De Martin Mariuccia Schlichting , Fabiane Keli Cristina , Grutzmann Arcari Stefany , Miqueloto Zanardi Aquidauna
Published: April 2022

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate the physico-chemical and biochemical attributes and the postharvest conservation of 'Thomson' [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton and Rose] under different storage temperature during storage.

Study Design:  The experimental design used was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications of four fruits/repetition.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out with 'Thomson' pitaya harvested in an organic orchard located in the municipality of São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2018/2019 harvest.

Methodology: The storage temperature treatments evaluated after postharvest were 23°C, 9°C and 4°C. The storage of the fruits was carried out in chambers with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The fruits were evaluated at different dates (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) during storage.

Results: At 7 days of storage, the fruits stored at 23 °C showed higher values ​​of mass loss, lipid peroxidation, pulp browning and activity of peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes, as well as reductions in soluble solids contents (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and pulp firmness. At 14 and 21 days, storage at 9°C showed reductions in lipid peroxidation and pulp browning, as well as higher vitamin C contents and lighter and more intense skin color. Also, at 21 days, the fruits stored at 9°C showed higher values ​​of SS, AT and pulp firmness, and reductions in mass loss and in the activity of POX and APX enzymes.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the storage of 'Thomson' pitayas at 23 °C provides a short postharvest period and early senescence of the fruits, while the temperature of 9 ºC increases the shelf life of the fruits and proves to be quite efficient in the conservation of the attributes of quality. The storage at 4°C is not recommended due to high internal browning, oxidative stress and loss of quality attributes.
Reducing Valence States of Co Active Sites in a Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Boosted Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Yan , Lu Lilin , Ma Qian , Feng Ruxin , Xu Suying , James Tony D. , Wang Leyu
Published: April 2022

The construction of biocompatible and trackable‐imaging single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with efficient catalytic activities is particularly desirable. Here, cobalt/titanium oxide (Co/TiO2) SAzymes are presented with cobalt atomically dispersed on nanoporous hollow TiO2 using a cation‐exchange strategy. Significantly, by varying the calcination conditions, the enzyme‐like activity can be enhanced tenfold. It is determined that different calcination treatments result in valence state shifts of the Co active site due to changes in the amounts of defects, which affects the catalytic kinetics. Moreover, Co/TiO2 SAzymes exhibit good intrinsic biocompatibility and excellent tolerance toward the biological medium, while the hollow structure facilitates the loading of drugs and imaging agents for image‐guided chemo‐chemodynamic therapy via intravenous injection. This study not only provides a paradigm shift for the preparation of biocompatible SAzymes but also presents new insights for modulating the catalytic activity of SAzymes.
The content expert program: A structured approach to increase emergency medicine resident scholarly activity
Authors: Schreyer Kraftin E. , del Portal Daniel A. , Blome Andrea , DeAngelis Michael , Ufberg Jacob W.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires residents to participate in scholarship and requires residency programs to provide an environment within which residents can acquire skills related to scholarly activities. However, consensus on the definition of scholarship and structure of program environments does not yet exist. We designed and implemented a content expert program (CEP) in 2015, in which each resident worked with a faculty advisor to develop a longitudinal scholarly activity linked to a core area of practice and, in doing so, became the department's “content expert.” We hypothesized that the CEP would significantly increase the number of scholarly outputs per resident.

Methods

The CEP was structured around an oversight committee composed of key faculty members, which guided development of CEP projects through regular meetings and formative feedback. Each resident generated one or more scholarly outputs from their content area. Outputs were categorized into educational, operational, research, and miscellaneous domains and further identified as intradepartmental, interdepartmental, or interdisciplinary collaborations. The number of outputs was compared to the baseline number of scholarly activities per resident at the study program using a Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

A total of 187 scholarly outputs were generated by 76 residents, which equated to 31.2 outputs per year, or 2.5 outputs per resident. This was a significant increase compared to the program baseline of one output per resident (p = 0.003). Eighteen distinct types of outputs spanned four major categories. Of the outputs, 37 were interdepartmental, 42 were interdisciplinary, and 32 were intradepartmental.

Conclusions

The CEP proved to be a sustainable way to significantly increase scholarly activity and additionally improved collaborative efforts. With the appropriate structure and willing faculty in place, such a program can enhance the practical education provided by residency programs.
Eine vielseitige synthetische Affinitätssonde zur hochaufgelösten Visualisierung hemmender Synapsen und neuronaler Netzwerke**
Authors: Khayenko Vladimir , Schulte Clemens , Reis Sara L. , Avraham Orly , Schietroma Cataldo , Worschech Rafael , Nordblom Noah F. , Kachler Sonja , Villmann Carmen , Heinze Katrin G. , Schlosser Andreas , Schueler‐Furman Ora , Tovote Philip , Specht Christian G. , Maric Hans M.
Published: April 2022

Die Visualisierung von inhibitorischen Synapsen erfordert auf Sondentypen und das jeweilige bildgebende Verfahren abgestimmte Protokolle und beruht in der Regel auf genetischer Manipulation oder der Verwendung von Antikörpern, die bei Gewebefärbungen unter ihrer geringen Eindringtiefe leiden. Abgestimmt auf das Gephyrin Protein, einem universellen Marker der inhibitorischen Synapse, haben wir eine kompakte, hochaffine und hochselektive peptid‐basierte Sonde entwickelt. Durch Anpassung der multivalenten Architektur und des Farbstoffs haben wir “Sylites” erhalten; eine Sonde die Färbungen mit hervorragendem Signal‐zu‐Hintergrund‐Verhältnis ermöglicht, und die Antikörper bei der Anwendung im Gewebe aufgrund von schneller und effizienter Penetration, Minderung von Färbeartefakten und vereinfachter Handhabung deutlich übertrifft. In hochauflösenden Mikroskopieverfahren lokalisiert Sylite präzise die hemmende Synapse und ermöglicht so Messungen im Nanometermaßstab. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass Sylite mit viralen Färbemethoden kombinierbar ist und dass auf diese Weise nicht nur die synaptische Konnektivität, sondern auch die Identität und Größe der hemmenden Postsynapsen aufgelöst werden kann.
Fibrous Nanoreactors from Microfluidic Blow Spinning for Mass Production of Highly Stable Ligand‐Free Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Cheng Rui , Liang Zhi‐Bin , Zhu Liangliang , Li Hao , Zhang Yi , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su
Published: April 2022

Nano‐/micro‐reactors have emerged as a powerful platform for chemical synthesis. Here, we develop fiber‐spinning chemistry (FSC) based on a microfluidic blow spinning (MBS) technique, allowing the availability of nanoreactors for chemical synthesis with scale‐up capacities. Proof‐of‐concept experiments focus on the utilization of MBS‐derived fibrous nanoreactors for large‐scale production of ligand‐free perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) in one step. Typically, methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX3, X=Cl, Br, and I) PQDs in situ synthesized at large scale inside polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber films (size 120 cm ×30 cm per hour), exhibit high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 71 %, tunable emissive peaks (448–600 nm), and superb PL stability. The PQDs/polymer nanofiber films are potentially useful for CO2 conversion, wide‐color‐gamut displays and light‐emitting diode (LED) devices. These findings may guide the development of nano‐/micro‐reactor technology for scale‐up production of nanomaterials with various potential applications.
Platin‐katalysierte Hydrofluorierung von Alkinen: Steuerung der Reaktivität von Fluoridionen durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu Indolylphosphan‐Liganden
Authors: Sander Stefan , Braun Thomas
Published: April 2022

Die Reaktion der Platin‐Komplexecis‐[Pt(CH3)2{R2P(Ind)}2] (Ind=2‐(3‐methyl)indolyl, R=Ph (1 a), 4‐FC6H4(1 b), 4‐CF3C6H4(1 c)) mit HF führte zur Bildung der Poly(hydrogenfluorid)fluorido‐Komplexetrans‐[Pt(F(HF)2)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2]2 a–c, welche durch Umsetzung mit CsF in die HF freien Komplexetrans‐[Pt(F)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2] (3 a–c) überführt werden können. Durch Zugabe von 3‐Hexin zu2 a–cbildeten sich die Alkin‐Komplexetrans‐[Pt(C,C‐η2‐C2H5C≡CC2H5)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2{F(HF)2}] (4 a–c), bei denen der Fluorido‐Ligand nunmehr als ein F(HF)2−‐Ion vorliegt, welches durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu den Indolylphosphan‐Liganden in der äußeren Koordinationssphäre stabilisiert wird. Beim Erhitzen einer Reaktionslösung von4 ain Anwesenheit von PVPHF erfolgte die Bildung des (Z)‐Fluoralkens aus dem metallgebundenen Alkin. Hierauf aufbauend wurden katalytische Hydrofluorierungsreaktionen zur selektiven Darstellung von (Z)‐Fluoralkenen aus Alkinen entwickelt. Es zeigte sich, dass die in der äußeren Koordinationssphäre vorhandenen Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zum F(HF)2−‐Ion den Fluorierungsschritt begünstigen. Dies konnte durch Reaktivitätsstudien mit Komplexen ohne Indolylgruppen am Phosphan‐Liganden untermauert werden.
A Versatile Synthetic Affinity Probe Reveals Inhibitory Synapse Ultrastructure and Brain Connectivity**
Authors: Khayenko Vladimir , Schulte Clemens , Reis Sara L. , Avraham Orly , Schietroma Cataldo , Worschech Rafael , Nordblom Noah F. , Kachler Sonja , Villmann Carmen , Heinze Katrin G. , Schlosser Andreas , Schueler‐Furman Ora , Tovote Philip , Specht Christian G. , Maric Hans M.
Published: April 2022

Visualization of inhibitory synapses requires protocol tailoring for different sample types and imaging techniques, and usually relies on genetic manipulation or the use of antibodies that underperform in tissue immunofluorescence. Starting from an endogenous ligand of gephyrin, a universal marker of the inhibitory synapse, we developed a short peptidic binder and dimerized it, significantly increasing affinity and selectivity. We further tailored fluorophores to the binder, yielding “Sylite”—a probe with outstanding signal‐to‐background ratio that outperforms antibodies in tissue staining with rapid and efficient penetration, mitigation of staining artifacts, and simplified handling. In super‐resolution microscopy Sylite precisely localizes the inhibitory synapse and enables nanoscale measurements. Sylite profiles inhibitory inputs and synapse sizes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the midbrain and combined with complimentary tracing techniques reveals the synaptic connectivity.
Four‐in‐One Stimulus‐Responsive Long‐Lived Luminescent Systems Based on Pyrene‐Doped Amorphous Polymers
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Gao Liang , Zheng Yan , Zhu Yinyin , Zhang Yongfeng , Zheng Xian , Wang Chang , Li Youbing , Zhao Yanli , Yang Chaolong
Published: April 2022

Materials exhibiting ultralong luminescent lifetime show promising applications in the fields of information encryption, sensing, and bioimaging. Herein, we present a low‐cost and general strategy to achieve stimulus‐responsive ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) based on pyrene chromophores doped into polymer matrices. The UOP of the resulted systems presents radiation‐, concentration‐, time‐, and excitation‐dependent characteristics. The UOP color can be turned from blue to red by changing the excitation wavelength or the concentration of chromophores. Experimental results prove that these characteristics are attributed to the consumption of triplet oxygen and the different aggregation states of chromophores in the polymer matrices. Finally, we demonstrate that these systems could be applied for multilevel information encryption. This work would promote further development of multi‐responsive long‐lived luminescent materials.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrofluorination of Alkynes: Hydrogen Bonding to Indolylphosphine Ligands to Provide Fluoride Reactivity
Authors: Sander Stefan , Braun Thomas
Published: April 2022

The reaction of the Pt complexescis‐[Pt(CH3)2{R2P(Ind)}2] (Ind=2‐(3‐methyl)indolyl, R=Ph (1 a), 4‐FC6H4(1 b), 4‐CF3C6H4(1 c)) with HF afforded the fluorido complexestrans‐[Pt(F(HF)2)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2]2 a–c, which can be converted intotrans‐[Pt(F)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2] (3 a–c) by treatment with CsF. Addition of 3‐hexyne to2 a–cgave alkyne complexestrans‐[Pt(C,C‐η2‐C2H5C≡CC2H5)(CH3){R2P(Ind)}2{F(HF)2}] (4 a–c) at which a fluoride is stabilised as polyfluoride in the coordination sphere by hydrogen bonding to the indolyl‐substituted phosphine ligands. Subsequent heating of a solution of4 ain the presence of PVPHF led to fluoroalkene formation. Selective catalytic hydrofluorination of alkynes to yield (Z)‐fluoroalkenes were developed. The ability of hydrogen bonding to polyfluoride favours the fluorination step as demonstrated by studies with complexes bearing no indolyl groups at the phosphine ligands.