bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN PLAGIARISME: Studi Perbandingan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Alfarisi Usman
Published: September 2018

Allah swt blesses human on earth by giving them mind. However, not every human is willing to think. In the field of education, laziness often leads to plagiarism that violates the copyright and is against the norms of Islamic law and sharia purposes (Maqashid al Syari'ah). This study aims to review plagiarism in Indonesian and Islamic laws as well as its sanction. This is a normative research with qualitative approach. The data were obtained through the documentation. The study indicates that Indonesian and Islamic laws are on the same line judging plagiarism. Both laws agree that it is the act of criminal that is harmful to other people. Coping with that, the doer is punished with administrative sanction, paying fine, or putting in prison. In Islam, plagiarism is not included in hudud or qishash, thus ta’zir is seen proper to punish the doer. It is done by giving them warning, paying fine, sending in to prison, or other sanctions decided by the man of power. To sum up, the regulation about plagiarism in Indonesia is not against Islamic law.
Studi Karakteristik Tipe Diabetes pada Tikus (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Deksametason (CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF THE TYPE OF DIABETES IN RAT (RATTUS NOVERGICUS) MODEL INDUCED BY DEXAMETHASONE)
Authors: Hanim Rahmania , Darusman Huda Shalahudin , Rahminiwati Min
Published: September 2018

Diabetes is marked by hyperglicemia with severe symptoms included polydipsi, polyuri, polyphagia,weight loss, and decreased of insulin sensitivity index specially at type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rat  (Rattus novergicus) which induced by dexamethason. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups which divided as follow: (1) aquabidest subcutaneously (K0), (2) subcutaneous dexamethasone 1 mg/kgBW daily (K1), (3) subcutaneous dexamethasone 2.5 mg/kgBW daily (K2) and subcutaneous dexamethasone 5 mg/kgBW daily (K3). The data of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, body weight and feed intake, urine volume and water intake collected at day 0, 5, 10 and 15 (five days after the last treatment). The result showed that there was a significant elevation of glucose level followed by significant decreased of insulin sensitivity index and the body weight of rats in group wich induced by dexamethasone but there was no change in feed intake, water intake, volume of urine and fasting blood insulin before and after the treatment. There was insignificant different of total beta pancreatic islet between treatment and control grup. Induction of dexamethasone in mice causes reversible hyperglycemia and has not met the characterisics of either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus models. The profile of dexamethasone induced diabetes model has their own spesific type.
Uji Aktivitas Senyawa Antibakteri Katak Papua (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF PAPUAN FROGS)
Authors: Massora Maria , Kawulur Elda Irma J. J. , Abubakar Hermawaty
Published: September 2018

Skin and submental glands of Papuan frogs have antibacterial compounds‘ which were capable to impede growth of tested bacteria based on diffusion method. These frogs were Platymantis papuensis, Litoria infrafrenata, Bufo melanostictus, Rana grisea and Rana sp., and the tested bacterial were the positive Gram bacteria (Staphylococcus aereus, and Bacillus subtilis) and the negative Gram bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa). Skin frog which extracted with hot water (100oC) showed antibacterial activity which significantly impeded the growth of tested bacteria using diffusion method.
On Predicting Animal Evolution
Authors: Norman Stuart
Published: September 2018

The origination of most free-living animal species is predictable. ‘Light’ order production in the trophic levels below is the key. Absent from the abiotic environment (pre-primary level) and prokaryotes, ‘light’ order consists of differences in species composition between highly-developed, species-packed communities in which extinction may be the precursor to speciation, particularly ecologically comparable tropical continental lowland ones of Africa, Australia, India, and South America. Based on but not itself of matter and non-burnable, its nil waste heat content ‘compensates’ for burned-up food energy. Where the amounts of it on infra-apical trophic levels form an inverted pyramid like waste heat’s, occupancy of trophic levels from primary to apical is predictable (variation and selection assumed). Terminal non-inversion predicts post-apical vacancy. Examined communities were from grasslands (grasses, large grazing mammals, large carnivores), and woodlands (woody plants, butterflies, insect-eating birds, raptorial birds). Linnaeus’s binomial classificational system turned out to be unexpectedly rich in new content. A new object of study, the neoLinnaean, is recognised and a new process, the neoLyellian, advanced to explain it. Relations to Darwin’s and Lyell’s non-predictive theories of change, to ecology and evolution, to thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, and to neurology are discussed.
The Biology of Glial Cells and Their Complex Roles in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Opportunities in Therapy
Authors: Nirzhor Saif Shahriar Rahman , Khan Rubayat Islam , Neelotpol Sharmind
Published: September 2018

Even though Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is of significant interest to the scientific community, its pathogenesis is very complicated and not well-understood. A great deal of progress has been made in AD research recently and with the advent of these new insights more therapeutic benefits may be identified that could help patients around the world. Much of the research in AD thus far has been very neuron-oriented; however, recent studies suggest that glial cells, i.e., microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (NG2 glia), are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and may offer several potential therapeutic targets against AD. In addition to a number of other functions, glial cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis (i.e., concentration of ions, neurotransmitters, etc.) within the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial to the structural integrity of neurons. This review explores the: (i) role of glial cells in AD pathogenesis; (ii) complex functionalities of the components involved; and (iii) potential therapeutic targets that could eventually lead to a better quality of life for AD patients
Gait Study of Parkinson's Disease Subjects using Haptic Cues with A Motorized Walker
Authors: Zhang Minhua , Artan N. Sertac , Gu Huanying , Dong Ziqian , Burina Ganatra Lyudmila , Shermon Suzanna , Rabin Ely
Published: September 2018

Gait abnormalities are one of the distinguishing symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) that contribute to fall risk. Our study compares the gait parameters of people with PD when they walk through a predefined course without assistance, with a conventional walker, and with a motorized walker under different speed cues. Six PD subjects were recruited at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine to participate in this study. Spatial posture and gait data of the test subjects were collected via a VICON motion capture system. We developed a framework to process and extract gait features and applied statistical analysis on these features to examine the significance of the findings.
The results showed that motorized walkers with haptic cues significantly improved gait symmetry of PD subjects. Specifically, the asymmetry index of the gait cycle time was reduced from 6.7% when walking without assistance to 0.56% and below when using a walker. Furthermore, the double support time of a gait cycle was reduced by 4.88% compared to walking without assistance.
Elucidating Role of Bacteria in Psoriatic Disease: From Skin and Gut Perspectives
Authors: Yermekbayeva Bakytgul , Algazina Togzhan , Razbekova Madina , Pinhasov Albert , Batpenova Gulnar , Kushugulova Almagul
Published: September 2018

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by skin lesions. Psoriasis development has been associated both with genetic and environmental factors. Though skin and gut microbiota has been implicated in number of pathologies including atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, allergy, obesity, its role has been poorly studied in psoriatic disease, which incorporates both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. This literature review summarizes the most recent and major findings on microbiota features in psoriatic disease as well as gives immune system role in the given condition. Despite conflicting findings, psoriasis patients were frequently found to have distinct microbial composition in both skin and guts especially in the major bacterial phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Akkermansia. Furthermore, bacterial DNA has been found in psoriatic patients both locally and systemically, and altogether suggesting role of bacteria in the chronic disease and future studies in this field.
The Role of Gene Therapy in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Management
Authors: Atabiekov Ihor , Hobieka Elie , Sheikh Ujalla , El Andaloussi Abdeljabar , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: September 2018

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a highly prevalent disorder, characterized by the development of menopause before age of 40. Most cases are idiopathic; however, in some women the cause of this condition (e.g. anticancer treatment, genetic disorders, and enzymatic defects) may be identified. Although hormone replacement therapy, the principal therapeutic approach for POI, helps to alleviate the related symptoms, this does not effectively solve the issue of fertility. Assisted reproductive techniques also lack efficacy in these women. Thus, the effective approach to manage the patients with POI is highly warranted. Several mechanisms, associated with POI, have been identified, including lack of FSH receptor functioning, alterations in the apoptosis control, mutations in Sal-like 4 genes, thymulin or basonuclin-1 deficiency etc. The above-mentioned may be good targets for gene therapy in order to correct defects, leading to POI. The goal of this review is to summarize the current experience on the POI studies, that employed gene therapy, and to discuss the possible future directions in this field.
Location-aware Cooperative Anti-jamming Distributed Channel Selection Approach in UAV Communication Networks
Authors: Xu Yifan , Ren Guochun , Chen Jin , Zhang Xiaobo , Jia Luliang , Kong Lijun
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the cooperative anti-jamming distributed channel selection problem in UAV communication networks. Considering the existence of malicious jamming and co-channel interference, a location-aware cooperative anti-jamming scheme is designed for the purpose of maximizing the users' utilities. Users in the UAV group cooperate with each other via location information sharing. When the received interference energy is lower than mutual interference threshold, users conduct channel selection strategies independently. Otherwise, users take joint actions with a cooperative anti-jamming pattern under the impact of mutual interference. Aimed at the independent anti-jamming channel selection problem under no mutual interference, a Markov Decision Process framework is introduced, whereas for the cooperative anti-jamming channel selection case under the influence of co-channel mutual interference, a Markov game framework is employed. Furthermore, motivated by reinforcement learning with a ``Cooperation-Decision-Feedback-Adjustment" idea, we design a location-aware cooperative anti-jamming distributed channel selection algorithm (LCADCSA) to obtain the optimal anti-jamming channel strategies for the users with a distributed way. In addition, the channel switching cost and cooperation cost, which have great impact on the users' utilities, are introduced. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable solution with which the UAV group can avoid the malicious jamming as well as co-channel interference effectively.
The Optimal Radiation Dose to Induce Robust Systemic Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Poleszczuk Jan , Enderling Heiko
Published: September 2018

Synergy of radiation and immune system is currently receiving significant attention in oncology as numerous studies have shown that cancer irradiation can induce strong antitumor immune responses. It remains unclear, however, what are the best radiation fractionation protocols to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this synergy. Here, we present a novel mathematical model that can be used to predict and dissect the complexity of the immune-mediated response at multiple tumor sites after applying focal irradiation and systemic immunotherapy. We successfully calibrate the proposed framework with published experimental data, in which two tumors were grown in mice at two spatially separated sites from which only one was irradiated using various radiation fractionation protocols with and without concurrent systemic immunotherapy. The proposed model is calibrated to fit the temporal dynamics of tumor volume at both sites and can predict changes in immune infiltration in the non-irradiated tumors. The model was then used to investigate additional radiation fractionation protocols. Model simulations suggest that the optimal radiation doses per fraction to maximize antitumor immunity are between 10-13 Gy, at least for the experimental setting used for model calibration. This work provides the framework for evaluating radiation fractionation protocols for radiation-induced immune-mediated systemic antitumor responses.
Bromatological and Mineralogical Studies in Fruit Pulps Cultivated in the Northern Amazon
Authors: Fernández Ismael Montero , Alves Chagas Edvan , de Melo Filho Antonio Alves , Saravia Maldonado Selvin Antonio , Carvalho dos Santos Ricardo , Estevam Ribeiro Pedro Rômulo , Gonçalves Reis de Melo Ana Cristina
Published: September 2018

In this work, nine fruits cultivated in the northern Amazon were studied: abiu, acerola, araçá, bacupari, biribá, caçarí, fruta-do-conde, graviola and taperebá, with the objective of carrying out a bromatological and nutritional study of the pulps of fruits studied. Of all of them, are the pulps of graviola (76.83 ± 0.02 kcal 100 g-1) bacupari (76.83 ± 0.02 kcal 100 g-1) and fruta-do-conde (46.66 ± 0.02 kcal 100 g-1). Among the macronutrients, the high concentration of potassium stands out, especially in the graviola (541.16 ± 0.24 mg 100g-1) and the biribá (468.21 ± 0.13 mg 100g-1). Among the micronutrients, iron concentrations are representative for araçá pulp (3.04 ± 0.02 mg 100g-1), abiu is rich in zinc (3.71 ± 0.02 mg 100g-1) and manganese (6.61 ± 0.11 mg 100g-1). The presence of cobalt at the level of traces in some of the pulps studied stands out. The Pearson correlation coefficient was evaluated, as well as the statistical treatment by multivariate analysis PCA to establish the correlation between the variables studied.
Sustainable Adaptation of New Technology — The Case of Humanoids Used for the Care of Older Adults
Authors: Ejdys Joanna , Halicka Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

The processes of an ageing population are becoming a challenge in the context of social, technological, and research policy. Also, according to the perspective 2080, Poland belongs to the group of counties with the prognosticated number of citizens over 65 to account for one-third of the population. Different strategies aimed at dealing with the mentioned demographic challenges include widespread use of humanoids in care for older people. As the research of such nature was the first in Poland, this article aimed to identify the factors and their interlinks that determine the attitude and the future use of humanoids by older people of the Polish society. Based on the specific attributes of humanoid technology, the model hypothesises that an attitude to technology can be directly predicted by four perceived technology attributes, namely an impact on the quality of life, technological impact, ethical and social problems, while user attitude towards humanoid technology is predicted to have an indirect influence on the future intention of use. A survey method was used to collect research data. An electronic questionnaire was used to conduct confidential interviews. Finally, 643 filled questionnaires were received.  Results received via a regression analysis confirmed that the most important factor influencing human attitudes was a positive social impact achieved using humanoids in the care of lonely people and improving the safety of older people. Another important factor was a technological impact from the use of humanoids performing functions desired by respondents. The technology in question could be useful for reminding older people about taking medication, informing family members about the health condition of their older people and calling for help on their behalf.
Exploring Configuration Space and Path Space of Biomolecules Using Enhanced Sampling Techniques—Searching for Mechanism and Kinetics of Biomolecular Functions
Authors: Fujisaki Hiroshi , Moritsugu Kei , Matsunaga Yasuhiro
Published: September 2018

To understand functions of biomolecules such as proteins, not only structures but their conformational change and kinetics are important to be characterized but its atomistic details are hard to obtain both experimentally and computationally. We review our recent computational studies using novel enhanced sampling techniques for conformational sampling of biomolecules and calculations of their kinetics. For efficiently characterizing the free energy landscape of a biomolecule, we introduce the multiscale enhanced sampling method, which uses a combined system of atomistic and coarse-grained models. Based on the idea of Hamiltonian replica exchange, we can recover the statistical properties of the atomistic model without any biases. We next introduce the string method as a path search method to calculate the minimum free energy pathways along a multidimensional curve in high dimensional space. Finally we introduce novel methods to calculate kinetics of biomolecules based on the ideas of path sampling: One is the Onsager-Machlup action method, and the other is the weighted ensemble method. Some applications of above methods to biomolecular systems are also discussed and illustrated.
On the Effect of Filling Rate on Positive Macrosegregation Patterns in Large Size Cast Steel Ingots
Authors: Zhang Chunping , Loucif Abdelhalim , Jahazi Mohammad , Tremblay Rami , Lapierre Boire Louis-Philippe
Published: September 2018

The effect of filling velocity on positive macrosegregations in large size steel ingots was studied. Macrosegregation and macro-/micro-structure were characterized on the hot-tops and a portion of the upper section of two ingots. The measurements revealed that segregation features in the two ingots varied as a function of the alloying elements, and that the severity of positive macrosegregation in the casting body was reduced when the filling rate was increased. It was also found that at the higher filling rate, grain morphologies in the first solidified zones of the ingot changed from columnar to equiaxe, and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) became slightly smaller in the intermediate and final solidified zones. The experimental findings were analyzed in the framework of diffusion and convection controlled solidification, as well as liquid metal flow theories. The solute dependence of segregation features was related to the difference in solid-liquid partition coefficient and diffusion capability of each element in the liquid iron. Calculation of Reynolds numbers (Re) during the filling process, for both ingots, showed that higher filling velocity caused more instable movement of the liquid metal in the initial solidification stage, resulting in the modification of grain morphology, as well as accelerated solidification rate.
Microbial Community Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Within a North Carolina Urban Water System
Authors: Lambirth Kevin , Tsilimigras Matthew , Lulla Anju , Johnson James , Al-Shaer Abrar , Wynblatt Orion , Sypolt Shannon , Brouwer Cory , Clinton Sandra , Keen Olya , Redmond Molly , Fodor Anthony , Gibas Cynthia
Published: September 2018

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be potential incubators of antibiotic resistance. Persistence of commonly used antibiotics in wastewater may increase the potential for selection of resistance genes transferred between bacterial populations, some of which may pose a threat to human health. In this study, we measured the concentrations of ten antibiotics in wastewater plant influents and effluents, and in surface waters up- and downstream from two Charlotte area treatment facilities. We performed Illumina shotgun sequencing to assay the microbial community and resistome compositions at each site across four time points from late winter to mid-summer of 2016. Antibiotics are present throughout wastewater treatment, and elevated concentrations of multiple antibiotics are maintained in moving stream water downstream of effluent release. While some human gut and activated sludge associated taxa are detectable downstream, these seem to attenuate with distance while the core microbial community of the stream remains fairly consistent. We observe slight suppression of functional pathways in the downstream microbial communities, including amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism as well as nucleotide and amino acid scavenging. Nearly all antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potentially pathogenic taxa are removed in the treatment process, though a few ARG markers are elevated downstream of effluent release.  Taken together, these results represent baseline measurements which future studies can utilize to help to determine which factors control the movement of antibiotics and resistance genes through aquatic urban ecosystems before, during and after wastewater treatment.
Technical, Financial, Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects
Authors: D'Oca Simona , Gralka Anna , Ferrante Annarita , Ferrer Clara , Pernetti Roberta , Sebastian Rizal , op 't Veld Peter
Published: September 2018

With a low rate of new building construction and insufficient rate of existing building renovation, there is the need for stepping up the pace of building renovation with ambitious performance targets to achieve EU climate change policies. However, effective technologies alone cannot solve the low renovation rate of existing buildings in Europe that is hindering the reaching of EU-wide targets. A workshop was held at the Sustainable Place Conference 2018 to present successful experiences with an integrative approach from H2020 innovation actions (4RinEU, P2ENDURE, Pro-GET-OnE, MORE-CONNECT) aiming at improving building energy performance through deep renovation. This article presents the outcomes of the joint workshop and interactive discussion, by focusing on the different technical, financial and social added values, barriers and challenges in building renovation as well as on the identification of open questions to address future innovation opportunities.
Geostatistical Interpolation of Subsurface Properties by Combining Measurements and Models
Authors: Rühaak Wolfram , Bär Kristian , Sass Ingo
Published: September 2018

Subsurface temperature is the key parameter in geothermal exploration. An accurate estimation of the reservoir temperature is of high importance and usually done either by interpolation of borehole temperature measurement data or numerical modeling. However, temperature measurements at depths which are of interest for deep geothermal applications (usually deeper than 2 km) are generally sparse. A pure interpolation of such sparse data always involves large uncertainties and usually neglects knowledge of the 3D reservoir geometry or the rock and reservoir properties governing the heat transport. Classical numerical modeling approaches at regional scale usually only include conductive heat transport and do not reflect thermal anomalies along faults created by convective transport. These thermal anomalies however are usually the target of geothermal exploitation. Kriging with trend does allow including secondary data to improve the interpolation of the primary one. Using this approach temperature measurements of depths larger than 1,000 m of the federal state of Hessen/Germany have been interpolated in 3D. A 3D numerical conductive temperature model was used as secondary information. This way the interpolation result reflects thermal anomalies detected by direct temperature measurements as well as the geological structure. This results in a considerable quality increase of the subsurface temperature estimation.
The Making and Breaking of a Comital Family: Malcolm Fleming, First Earl of Wigtown, and Thomas Fleming, Second Earl of Wigtown, Part 1: The Making of an Earl: Malcolm Fleming
Authors: Oram Richard
Published: September 2018

The Making and Breaking of a Comital Family: Malcolm Fleming, First Earl of Wigtown, and Thomas Fleming, Second Earl of Wigtown, Part 1: The Making of an Earl: Malcolm Fleming
Robert A. Dodgshon. No Stone Unturned: a History of Farming, Landscape and Environment in the Scottish Highlands and Islands.
Authors: Ralston Ian
Published: September 2018

Robert A. Dodgshon. No Stone Unturned: a History of Farming,

Landscape and Environment in the Scottish Highlands and Islands.

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. Pp 299. ISBN 978 1

4744 0074 9. $US 135.00.
Legal Analysis on the Policy of Home Ownership Requirements for Foreigners in the Consumer Credit Agremeent of Syariah Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Eka Husnul Khotimah Rachmadani
Published: September 2018

The study examines the normative policy on the ownership rules of residential homes for foreigners in the credit agreement consumption of Syariah banks in Indonesia. This policy has existed since 2005. However, it does not make all Syariah banks in Indonesia provide credit facilities to foreigners since there is no specific implementing regulation and legal protection for the banks in the case of finance arrears caused by the practice which can disrupt their liquidity and profitability. Considering this, the article analyses the legal protection for Islamic banks, both in preventive and repressive context, in providing credit facilities for foreigners, so that they all can facilitate loans without any fears and risks. This becomes necessary as it can contribute to Indonesia’s economic growth.  It argues that the law should cover this matter, through both preventive and restrictive measures, in which the law should prevent the practice from causing finance arrears through musyārakah contract.  The results of this study confirm that there is legal protection that has been regulated by Bank Indonesia for Syariah Bank in giving credit to a foreigner.Keywords: Legal Policy, Syariah Bank, Foreigners, Consumer Credit Agreement
Control of local stress in semiconductor silicon structures
Authors: Sianko S. F. , Zelenin V. A.
Published: September 2018

Residual stress distribution in multilayer semiconductor structure is complicated and has a significant impact on device characteristics and yield, therefore their study is one of the actual tasks of modern device engineering. Purpose of the present work was to develop methods of estimation of actual residual stress distribution at the whole area of semiconductor structure and its elements as well.

The estimation of residual stress distribution at the area of semiconductor structure was carried out on the basis of determining of local deformation of some areas of the structure by Makyoh topography. This method is based on consequent measurements of intensity of Makyoh image elements of the structure along the chosen direction followed by calculation of micro-geometrical profile and curvature radius.

The estimation of residual stress of topological elements Si–SiO system was carried out by means of calculation of interference pictures obtained in a film-substrate gap after separating of film edge from substrate along open window perimeter.

Analytical expressions relating semiconductor structure image characteristics with their deformation were developed by means of finite elements method. The expressions allow determining of local residual stress of chosen area of the structure. The examples of stress calculations in real structures are given.

Proposed residual stress calculation methods allow to take into consideration character and curvature form of substrate, and also to estimate their magnitude in real topological elements of semiconductor circuits.
Error estimation of the physical and mechanical characteristics measurements by indentation
Authors: Kren A. P. , Matsulevich O. V. , Delendik M. N.
Published: September 2018

The active application in the practice of testing the indentation methods, in particular to measure the physical and mechanical properties of metals, polymers, biological technologies demands to development techniques for the measurement error estimation. At the same time existing traditional measurement error evaluation system, based on the using of the reference blocks, is not always suitable for use in testing and research laboratories. The aim of this work was development the technique for estimating the indirect measurements error of materials physical and mechanical characteristics that can be applied in practice and based on the existing standards. Checking of the proposed approach using the experimental values of the hardness and elastic modulus obtained during static indentation for various metals.

It is shown that since the initial information about the material is an indentation curve representing the dependence of the load versus penetration depth of the indenter into the material tested, then it is better to confirm the metrological characteristics of the indentation measuring devices using the applied force and achieved displacement, but to estimate the accuracy of determining the properties through the error of indirect measurements. The equations for calculating the hardness and modulus of elasticity are derived. It allows to determine the component value most influencing the error magnitude. The calculation of error on the base of the value of boundary of a random and non-exclusive systematic error was carrying out.

The advantage of the developed technique is the fact that the measurement of the physical and mechanical characteristics is based on the experimental data and does not require the creation of the additional metrological assurance. The proposed approach seems appropriate to extend for the determination of the measurement error of other characteristics: the yield point, the strain hardening exponent, creep, relaxation, determined by the indentation methods.
Tradiciones e innovaciones del uso del cinematógrafo en la escenografía teatral en el ballet Oda de Pável Tchelitchew
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández, Torelishvili Elena
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se discute el uso de técnicas de iluminación y proyección del cine como un nuevo medio de expresión en el escenario a principios del siglo XX y el impacto de estas ideas tecnológicas en la escenografía del espectáculo Oda, realizada por el artista ruso P. Tchelitchew. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la creación de Tchelitchew en el contexto artístico de su tiempo, hacer hincapié en la innovación de su escenografía y encontrar la influencia de las obras de otros artistas en su trabajo. Además, recopilar las opiniones de críticos y contemporáneos sobre la función, creando una imagen de la percepción del evento por el público y la evaluación de esta producción en su contexto histórico y artístico. En el artículo se exploran obras de Loie Fuller, Kiesler, Picsator, Meyerhold, y se relacionan con métodos del uso de la luz y la cinematografía en el ballet Oda, el espectáculo donde se realizó el primer intento de utilizar proyecciones en el escenario de ballet clásico.
Contenidos gráficos generados por fotógrafos ciudadanos y publicados en los medios. El caso del fotógrafo Jacobo Méndez Díez en El País
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Gómez Muñoz Juan Carlos , Ballesteros Palencia José Andrés ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Published: September 2018

Las manifestaciones ciudadanas del 15 de mayo de 2011 en España generaron miles de fotografías en las redes sociales realizadas por fotógrafos aficionados que mostraban la realidad del momento. El objeto de este estudio pretende analizar el valor de la imagen fotográfica en el contexto de las manifestaciones sociales, hoy día desbordado por la gran cantidad de imágenes que se publican en Internet de un mismo acontecimiento y que, gracias a los avances que ofrecen los medios sociales, son filtradas por los medios tradicionales para servirse de ellas como nuevas fuentes gráficas. El estudio del caso de la fotografía realizada en Valencia por Jacobo Méndez Díez durante las manifestaciones del 15-M y publicada en El País, nos guiará en este reciente proceso comunicativo en el que intervienen entre otros factores la calidad, la inmediatez, la veracidad y las vías de obtención de imágenes que utilizan los periódicos en papel. Tras la comparación con otros casos relacionados y la revisión bibliográfica del tema podemos comprobar que, aunque no es el proceso habitual, sí es un caso que se repite cada vez más por la propia evolución de la fotografía en la red y su implementación en los ciudadanos.
Pharmacological cardioversion by nifekalant after release of the aortic cross‐clamp during cardiac surgery
Authors: Hayashi Yukio , Sakai Mika , Tachibana Yosuke , Saiki Emiri , Miyata Yuka
Published: September 2018

Electrical cardioversion is usually performed when ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation occur following the release of the aortic cross‐clamp during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, electrical cardioversion has been associated with myocardial damage. Pharmacological cardioversion for ventricular dysrhythmia in cardiac surgery may be advantageous. We report four successful cases of pharmacological cardioversion using nifekalant, a pure potassium‐channel blocker, for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following the release of aortic cross‐clamp during cardiac surgery. We argue that pharmacological cardioversion by nifekalant has certain advantages over electrical cardioversion because it may suppress myocardial damage.
CONTRIBUTION OF PROFESSOR N.F. FILATOV (1847–1902)
Authors: Morgoshiia T. Sh.
Published: September 2018

It was noted that during 25 years of scientific and teaching activity N. F. Filatov has made a significant contribution to the development of world Pediatrics. He is the author of over 70 scientific works, including «A short textbook of pediatric diseases» (1893), that was published in 12 editions, and «Clinical lectures» (1900). His monograph «Lectures on acute infectious diseases» (1885) was published in 4 editions, «Semiotics and diagnosis of childhood diseases» (1890) – 9 editions, it istranslated into German, Czech, Italian, Hungarian and French. Many generations of pediatricians have studied on N.F. Filatov’s monographs and manuals. He described the infectious disease named Filatov scarlatinal rubella. Later it was described by the British physician Dukes; one of the presently used names of the disease is Filatov-Dukes disease. In the first edition of «Lectures on infectious diseases» N. F. Filatov described not known until that time infectious mononucleosis, which he called idiopathic inflammation of the cervical lymphatic nodes. The disease is now often called the Filatov’s disease. In 1895 N. F. Filatov, described an important diagnostic sign of measles – the appearance in the catarrhal period of illness of grayish-white lesions on the mucose membrane of lips and cheeks 1–2 days prior to the appearance of rash. As was established later, this sign was first described by A. P. Belsky in 1890, then, independently, by N.F. Filatov, and in 1896 by Koplik. In the literature, this symptom is known as Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots. N.F. Filatov described the pathogenesis of some forms of oedema syndrome in children, published works on prolonged afebrile forms of the flu. N.F. Filatov was developing a clinical-physiological direction in Pediatrics. He created a large school of native pediatricians. Among his students were famous pediatricians V.I. Molchanov and G.N. Speransky.
AGE FEATURES OF INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS
Authors: Kharchenko G. A. , Kimirilova O. G.
Published: September 2018

Study objective. To establish clinical and epidemiological features of intestinal amebiasis in adults and children at the present stage. A retrospective analysis of patient histories of 90 cases of intestinal amebiasisin patients aged 3 to 40 years who were on inpatient treatment in Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A.M Nichogi, Astrakhan, in the period from 2014 to 2017. The diagnosis of amebiasis was confirmed by microscopy of feces, detection of antibodies by using reaction of indirect hemagglutination (RHAG) with a specific antigen, determination of DNA of the parasite by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. It was determined that the incidence of intestinal amebiasis in the Astrakhan region is sporadic with the involvement in the epidemic process of persons of working age from 18 to 40 years (75.6%) and children aged 3 to 10 years (24.6%) of organized groups living in the city. Acute intestinal amebiasis in 86.8% of adults proceeded in mild to moderate form. The clinical course of the disease was characterized by a gradual onset in 82.4%, mucosal-bloody stool in 94.1%, the outcome of a chronic recurrent form in 11.8%. Raspberry jelly-like stool, extraintestinal complications of amebiasis, characteristic of amebiasis of previous years, were absent.

The features of intestinal amebiasis in children were: acute onset of the disease in 63.6%, fever 38°C and above in 54.5%, abdominal pain in 95.5%, prolonged diarrhoea with a stool frequency of more than 10 times in 72.7%, stool with blood mucus in 95.5%, tenesmus in 36.4%, dehydration in 18.6% of patients. The mild form of  the disease in children was not observed, severe was observed in 54.5%, moderate in 45.5%. The combined course of intestinal amebiasis with bacterial dysentery, proceeded more severely, changed clinical symptoms of the disease, made it difficult to diagnose amebiasis in a timely manner.
Mothers’ Reflections of Ambiguous-Loss on Personal Family Functioning in Families with Autistic-Children
Authors: ÇELİK Hilal , EKŞİ Halil
Published: September 2018

The objective of this phenomenological study was to explore the impact
of having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on mothers and its impact
on their family relations. Using descriptive phenomenology design, eight
mothers were reached in the age range of 20-48 years and were interviewed for
this study in 2010. Findings indicated that mothers perceived having a child
with autism as an ambiguous loss. The sense of ambiguous loss was found to
impair their emotional well-being and caused mood changes. This study has also
provided evidence for the sense of ambiguous loss caused by autism to lead to
structural and relational problems in family relationships. This study is one
of the first studies to reveal that having a child with autism creates a sense
of ambiguous loss and provides a basis for understanding its effects on the
mother-child relationship, as well as the related effects on family relationships.
Examining Development Processes for Text Messaging Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ricci-Cabello Ignacio , Bobrow Kirsten , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Chow Clara K , Maddison Ralph , Whittaker Robyn , Farmer Andrew J
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Interventions delivered by mobile phones have the potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) by supporting behavior change toward healthier lifestyles and treatment adherence. To allow replication and adaptation of these interventions across settings, it is important to fully understand how they have been developed. However, the development processes of these interventions have not previously been systematically examined.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to systematically describe and compare the development process of text messaging interventions identified in the Text2PreventCVD systematic review.

METHODS

We extracted data about the development process of the 9 interventions identified in the Text2PreventCVD systematic review. Data extraction, which was guided by frameworks for the development of complex interventions, considered the following development stages: intervention planning, design, development, and pretesting. Following data extraction, we invited the developers of the interventions to contribute to our study by reviewing the accuracy of the extracted data and providing additional data not reported in the available publications.

RESULTS

A comprehensive description of the development process was available for 5 interventions. Multiple methodologies were used for the development of each intervention. Intervention planning involved gathering information from stakeholder consultations, literature reviews, examination of relevant theory, and preliminary qualitative research. Intervention design involved the use of behavior change theories and behavior change techniques. Intervention development involved (1) generating message content based on clinical guidelines and expert opinions; (2) conducting literature reviews and primary qualitative research to inform decisions about message frequency, timing, and level of tailoring; and (3) gathering end-user feedback concerning message readability, intervention acceptability, and perceived utility. Intervention pretesting involved pilot studies with samples of 10 to 30 participants receiving messages for a period ranging from 1 to 4 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

The development process of the text messaging interventions examined was complex and comprehensive, involving multiple studies to guide decisions about the scope, content, and structure of the interventions. Additional research is needed to establish whether effective messaging systems can be adapted from work already done or whether this level of development is needed for application in other conditions and settings.
Design and Development of Smoking Cessation Apps Based on Smokers’ and Providers’ Perspectives in China: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Junfang , Bricker Jonathan , Fu Xiaoxing , Su Chunyan , Wang Peicheng , Qi Tengfei , Cheng Feng
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Although there are more than 60 smartphone apps for smoking cessation in China, many of them do not include the content and features that health care professionals and smokers prefer—which may make them impractical, unengaging, and ineffective. Therefore, we investigated both health care providers’ and smokers’ preferences for features of future smoking cessation apps.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate Chinese health care providers’ and smokers’ desired features of a smoking cessation app, with the goal of providing design recommendations for app designers and researchers.

METHODS

Both Chinese smokers who own smartphones (n=357) and Chinese health care providers (n=224) responded to a survey collecting data on their sociodemographic characteristics and opinions on the importance of 20 smoking cessation app design features studied in previous US research.

RESULTS

Chinese health care providers expressed strong support of smoking cessation apps on a number of attitude indicators (range 153/224, 68.3% to 204/224, 91.1%). They rated nearly all (18/20) features as very or extremely important (range 52.2%-83.4%) and rated nearly all features (17/20) as more important than the smokers did. More than 60% of smokers rated the following 4 features as very or extremely important: allow sharing the process of smoking cessation with family members and friends (216/319, 67.7%), helping smokers track their progress (such as the amount of smoking per day; 213/319, 66.8%), helping with the side effects of medications and nicotine withdrawal symptoms (201/319, 63.0%), and adapting to ongoing needs and interests of smokers (194/319, 60.8%). Contrary to a similar study of US smokers and health care providers, Chinese smokers and providers rated reputation and ability to communicate with family members and friends as important features, whereas Chinese smokers rated privacy and security as less important.

CONCLUSIONS

The design of future smoking cessation and health behavior change apps should consider perspectives of both providers and smokers as well as the role of culture.
Pemasangan Implan Endodontik sebagai Stabilisator Pasca Apikoektomi Gigi Premolar Dua Kanan Bawah
Authors: Edwin Andreas , Hadriyanto Wignyo , Ratih Diatri Nari
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang: Gigi yang tidak didukung akar yang cukup panjang akan kesulitan menahan beban kunyah dan akan terjadi kegoyahan. Implan endodontik dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif stabilisator pada gigi dengan panjang akar yang tidak memadai. Tujuan: untuk memberikan informasi mengenai perawatan gigi premolar kedua bawah kanan yang mengalami perforasi eksternal dan harus menjalani perawatan apikoektomi dengan menggunakan MOl sebagai stabilisator endodontik. Kasus: seorang wanita, 23 tahun, datang dalam keadaan gigi sakit sebelah belakang kanan bawah. Beberapa tahun yang lalu pasien menjalani operasi pengambilan gigi supernumerary pada area tersebut. Beberapa bulan setelah operasi pasien mengeluhkan adanya rasa nyeri. Gambaran radiograf tampak ada area radiolusen bagian mesial gigi 46 dan di bagian distal gigi 45. Hal ini diperkirakan karena tindakan iatrogenik operasi pengambilan gigi supernumerary. Gigi 45 dirawat dengan prosedur apikoektomi dilanjutkan dengan bedah pemasangan implan endodontik sebagai stabilisator. Manajemen kasus: dilakukan bedah apikoektomi, bersamaan dengan bedah apikoektomi dilakukan pemasangan implan endodontik. Material implan yang digunakan adalah Mini Oental lmplant berukuran 1,8 mm panjang 15 mm. Bagian akar yang berbatasan dengan implan ditutup dengan MTA sebagai penutup tepi. Kesimpulan: pemasangan implan endodontik pada gigi 45 telah di evaluasi selama 45 hari sejak prosedur bedah dilakukan menunjukkan pasien tidak mengalami keluhan dan secara klinis tidak ada kelainan pada gigi 45 tersebut. Gigi siap direstorasi dengan mahkota jembatan porselen fusi metal.
Mixoma Odontogenik: Tinjauan Klinis dan Penatalaksanaanya
Authors: Mulyaka Y. , Rahmat Muhammad Masykur
Published: September 2018

Pendahuluan Mixoma pada mulut adalah lesi yang jarang, tumbuh lambat, suatu masa submukosa yang asimtomatik, lebih sering terjadi pada mandibula. Mixoma bisa mengenai laki-Iaki maupun wanita pada semua umur.Tujuan perawatan mixoma pada mulut, seperti mixoma pada jaringan tubuh lain adalah eksisi bedah. Semua mixoma adalah jinak dan hanya memerlukan terapi konservatif. Gambaran klinis mixoma pada mulut tidak berkapsul dan menunjukan infiltrasi ke jaringan sekitarnya. Secara histology mixoma berisi material gelatin. Seeara radiologi berupa lesi lusen, seringnya multilokuler atau seperti gambaran sarang Mixoma lebah, dengan batas tidak jelas. Rekurensi kadang kala terjadi. Laporan kasus seorang lelaki 24 tahun datang ke Klinik Bedah Mulut & Maksilofasial, RS Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta. Dia mengeluh adanya benjolan pada pipi kanan sekitar 3 tahun yang lalu, tidak sakit. Pemeriksaan klinik menunjukan suatu pembengkakan, 9 x 9 x 7 em, konsistensi kenyal, warna sama dengan jaringan sekitarnya. Prognosa dubia ad bonam. Hasil Pasien menjalani operasi hemimandibulektomi dan pemasangan pelat rekonstruksi mandibula di bawah anastesi umum. Hasil patologi anatomi pasea operasi menunjukan mixoma odontogenik.