bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of dental anomalies in violation of the development of teeth. Early orthodontic treatment
Authors: Bimbas E.S. , Shishmareva A.S.
Published: February 2023

Данный интерактивный обучающий модуль предназначен для врачей детских стоматологов, стоматологов общей практики, ортодонтов, будет полезен студентам стоматологического факультета, ординаторам. Цель данного модуля: повышение квалификации по специальности «Детская стоматология» и «Ортодонтия»; обновление знаний об особенностях развития и смены зубов; профилактики и раннего ортодонтического лечения детей при нарушениях развития зубов; этиологии и патогенеза зубочелюстных аномалий, связанных с нарушениями развития зубов; овладение методами профилактики и лечения зубочелюстных аномалий у детей при нарушении развития зубов; определение алгоритмов комплексного раннего ортодонтического лечения детей при нарушении развития и смены зубов Модуль содержит теоретические, практические и контролирующие материалы по профилактике и раннему ортодонтическому лечению ЗЧА у детей с нарушениями развития зубов: сверхкомплектные зубы; анкилоз временных зубов; подрывная резорбция и нарушение последовательности смены зубов. Модуль позволит сформировать у обучающихся профессиональные навыки, научит объединять в единое целое разные методики профессиональной направленности; подготовит слушателей к использованию и применению полученных знаний и умений в профессиональной деятельности.
Electron training course "Intensive therapy of acute respiratory failure in the conditions of a coronavirus pandemic"
Authors: Kuzmin Vyacheslav , Kulikov Alexander , Levit Alexander , Rudnov Vladimir , Sabitov Alabai , Mukhametshin Rustam
Published: February 2023

Актуальность дополнительной профессиональной образовательной программы повышения квалификации врачей по теме «Интенсивная терапия острой дыхательной недостаточности в условиях коронавирусной пандемии» обусловлена необходимостью обучения специалистов здравоохранения навыкам своевременного выявления, диагностики и оказания медицинской помощи пациентам, инфицированным COVID-19
E-cours "Topical lssues in Pediatric Neuro Oncology"
Authors: Volkova Larisa , Koryakina Oksana , Lazarev Andrey , Ovsova Olga , Tomenko Tatyana , Zaichikov Artem
Published: February 2023

Содержание курса раскрывает спектр современных знаний по проблемам нейроонкологической патологии у детей. Рассматриваются такие вопросы как: эпидемиологическая характеристика и принципы классификации опухолей неврной системыу детей, особенности клинических проявлений в зависимости от локализации опухолевого процесса и возраста ребенка, опухолевые факоматозы, структурные формы эпилепсии при объемных образованиях головного мозга, вопросы нейротоксических осложнений химиотерапии у детей. Порядки и стандарты оказания медицинской помощи , наблюдение, пациентов детского возраста с нейроонкологической патологией на амбулаторном этапе после нейрохирургического лечения, важные аспекты паллиативной помощи детям с нейроонкологической патологией.
La positivaciÃ³n de los derechos naturales y los lÃ­mites a la democracia en el proyecto constitucional bolivariano de 1819
Authors: NÃºÃ±ez Faraco Humberto Rafael
Published: February 2023

La disoluciÃ³n del poder colonial en la AmÃ©rica espaÃ±ola creÃ³ una serie de interrogantes respecto al ordenamiento jurÃ­dico-polÃ­tico de los futuros estados soberanos. En este sentido, el proyecto constitucional presentado por SimÃ³n BolÃ­var ante el Segundo Congreso Nacional de Venezuela reunido en Angostura en 1819 insistiÃ³ en la idea de que el control polÃ­tico del paÃ­s debÃ­a estar al mando de un poder central conservador capaz de garantizar los derechos ciudadanos sin menoscabo de la estabilidad sociopolÃ­tica del orden republicano. El presente artÃ­culo examina la concepciÃ³n bolivariana del cuerpo polÃ­tico venezolano a la luz de las circunstancias sociohistÃ³ricas a las que el Libertador debiÃ³ hacer frente durante aquellos aÃ±os de lucha independista.
The Muslim proselytizing of the â€œjust societyâ€ through the daâ€›wa and the tablÄ«g: the spread policy of revolutionary Islam in Buenaventura, Colombia (1982-1985)
Authors: Torres Calzada MarÃ­a Katjia
Published: February 2023

La polÃ­tica de expansiÃ³n de la revoluciÃ³n islÃ¡mica iranÃ­ fue desarrollada por vÃ­a de dos principios religioso-polÃ­ticos esenciales en la labor de ampliaciÃ³n territorial y administrativa del DÄr al-islÄm: la daâ€›wa y el tablÄ«g. Esta estrategia polÃ­tico-ideolÃ³gica convierte al paÃ­s en lanzadera de una â€œIslamist Internationalâ€ que trasciende la divisiÃ³n territorial y administrativa de los Estados-naciÃ³n. El anÃ¡lisis de los datos histÃ³ricos ilustra cÃ³mo el nacimiento de la Ãºnica comunidad islÃ¡mica Å¡Ä«â€›Ä« duodecimana de la ciudad portuaria de Buenaventura, conformada por afrodescendientes, guarda vinculaciÃ³n tanto con esta polÃ­tica expansiva como con el pluralismo jurÃ­dico nacional del Estado colombiano. La aplicaciÃ³n sociolÃ³gico-jurÃ­dica de la conceptualizaciÃ³n del Kadijustiz permite concluir que dicho pluralismo jurÃ­dico del Estado colombiano beneficia la expansiÃ³n de la revoluciÃ³n islÃ¡mica iranÃ­, al obedecer a intereses partidistas que buscan su legitimaciÃ³n, vÃ­a demandas particulares, en un pretendido beneficio general.
Patriotismo constitucional, patriotismo de la diversidad y patriotismo de agregaciÃ³n: sobre la definiciÃ³n del discurso nacional espaÃ±ol
Authors: Ballester Rodriguez Mateo
Published: February 2023

En un Estado como el espaÃ±ol en el que conviven varias identidades nacionales, las diferentes ideas y discursos que han existido sobre la naciÃ³n espaÃ±ola han generado diversas actitudes hacia su pluralidad etnocultural y nacional. Estas se han concretado en decisiones polÃ­ticas asimismo dispares con relaciÃ³n a educaciÃ³n, cultura, polÃ­ticas lingÃ¼Ã­sticas, etc. Este estudio analiza la presencia a lo largo del tiempo de tres concepciones fundamentales en este sentido: la visiÃ³n Ã©tnica tradicional de la naciÃ³n, claramente obsoleta, y los mÃ¡s relevantes patriotismo constitucional y patriotismo de la pluralidad. El concepto de patriotismo de agregaciÃ³n que aquÃ­ se presenta, y su discurso correspondiente, aspiran a trascender lo que se consideran limitaciones de las concepciones seÃ±aladas. Este modelo apela a una cultura comÃºn de referencia como fundamento de identificaciÃ³n con la naciÃ³n espaÃ±ola, al tiempo que no resulta excluyente sino compatible con otras identidades etno-nacionales dentro del Estado.
Las revoluciones americana y francesa
Authors: Pezzimenti Rocco
Published: February 2023

El anÃ¡lisis de las revoluciones americana y francesa, en el pensamiento de Acton, se sitÃºa en un contexto mÃ¡s amplio de reflexiones sobre la historia entendida como una lex continui. Ahora, mientras la RevoluciÃ³n al otro lado del ocÃ©ano sigue un itinerario de continuidad hasta el punto de que podrÃ­a definirse como una especie de â€œsuperaciÃ³n- mantenimientoâ€, la francesa se presenta como un elemento de discontinuidad, una categorÃ­a que responde a una â€œsuperaciÃ³naniquilamientoâ€ que pretende refundar ex novo toda la sociedad y dar vida a un nuevo modelo de ciudadano. Es precisamente esta pretensiÃ³n la que se encuentra en la raÃ­z de su fracaso. Esta consideraciÃ³n sitÃºa a Acton en la lÃ­nea de los liberal-demÃ³cratas que desde Edmund Burke llega hasta Tocqueville. Todos se preguntarÃ¡n por quÃ© la RevoluciÃ³n francesa, al menos en el primer instante, no surtiÃ³ los mismos efectos que la americana. Uno de los motivos es la lucha indiscriminada contra la religiÃ³n que, por el contrario, en AmÃ©rica serÃ¡ uno de los fundamentos de la libertad de conciencia y la libertad civil. Por su parte, en Francia serÃ¡ la ideologÃ­a la que ocupe el lugar de la religiÃ³n y, primero los franceses pero luego los europeos en general, intentarÃ¡n crear modelos de sociedad perfecta que son, por su propia naturaleza, irrealizables. El discurso se puede ampliar posteriormente a las futuras revoluciones comunistas que adolecerÃ¡n de los mismos defectos que la francesa. Acton reconoce que el socialismo y el marxismo tuvieron el mÃ©rito de hacer estallar las contradicciones de la economÃ­a clÃ¡sica y de poner en evidencia las tristes condiciones de vida del mundo obrero, pero aunque su anÃ¡lisis fuera clarividente, demasiado simplista y casi maniqueo, fue el camino elegido para la renovaciÃ³n social. La impostaciÃ³n dialÃ©ctica, que con su visiÃ³n holÃ­stica conducirÃ¡ al totalitarismo, resultÃ³ ser demasiado rÃ­gida e incapaz de defender la libertad, en especial aquella de las minorÃ­as por las que Acton tanto se interesÃ³.
Racismo, monumentos al daÃ±o y cultura de la cancelaciÃ³n histÃ³rica. El â€œcaso Humeâ€
Authors: Castro SÃ¡nchez Ãlvaro
Published: February 2023

En el presente trabajo multidisciplinar se trata de establecer las dimensiones que deberÃ­a de incorporar un modelo de decisiÃ³n moral sobre la herencia patrimonial y el daÃ±o o violencia simbÃ³lica que muchos monumentos o edificios de homenaje pueden ejercer sobre el presente. Uniendo tradiciÃ³n historiogrÃ¡fica sobre el racismo y reflexiÃ³n filosÃ³fica, se toma como caso de anÃ¡lisis el cambio de nombre de la torre Hume de la Universidad de Edimburgo y la vandalizaciÃ³n de una estatua del filÃ³sofo en el verano de 2020, dentro del contexto de derribos de estatuas llevados a cabo por las protestas por la muerte del afroamericano George Floyd. Entre sus objetivos estÃ¡n tanto la reflexiÃ³n Ã©tica sobre este tipo de acciones sobre el pasado y el patrimonio, como la dotaciÃ³n de instrumentos conceptuales y heurÃ­sticos para los historiadores llamados a asesorar o simplemente opinar sobre las decisiones polÃ­ticas en torno a los monumentos histÃ³ricos.
The Snake Eggs Puzzle: Preparing Students for Benders Decomposition
Authors: Harris Mitchell , Forbes Michael
Published: February 2023

Logic puzzles are an effective way to introduce students to advanced solution techniques in operations research, such as Lagrangian relaxation, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, and Benders decomposition. The Snake Egg puzzle asks the player to draw a one-cell wide path, or “snake,” in a grid. The remaining cells should form a fixed number of separate, connected, discontiguous regions called “eggs.” We propose two solution approaches: a flow-based model and lazy constraints. Instead of providing the complete model at the outset, we will step through the puzzle in a manner suitable to the classroom, emphasizing the skills that are crucial to successfully implementing advanced techniques. The puzzle functions in particular as a prelude to Benders decomposition.

Funding: M. Harris is supported by an Australian Government RTP (research training program) scholarship.
Assessment and management of children with head injury: practice and opinion
Authors: Proctor Alyesha , Voss Sarah , Lyttle Mark , Benger Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Head injury is common in children with approximately 700 000 attendances at emergency departments annually; one-third are conveyed by ambulance. However, 75% of them are discharged with no treatment. Most head-injured children could be managed on scene.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate paramedic assessment and management of children with minor head injury.

Methods:

A web-based survey of paramedics at one trust was carried out, and simple descriptive analysis was completed.

Findings:

Fifty-nine paramedics took part. Parental anxiety, mechanism of injury, presence of red flags, fear of consequences and safeguarding concerns were the most common reasons that paramedics convey children with head injury to the emergency department. Paramedics employ a variety of non-validated tools to help them assess and manage children with head injury, with the head injury guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence most used. A lack of confidence in wound closure was a key barrier to managing patients on scene, along with a perceived inability to manage children in general, limited GP availability, a lack of training in paediatrics and risk avoidance.

Conclusions:

Several factors inhibit the ability of paramedics to manage children with minor head injury on scene, leading to avoidable hospital conveyance. Three-quarters of paramedics said they would benefit from a clinical decision tool to support them in the assessment and management of children with minor head injury.
Community role education: an evaluation of knowledge, skills and confidence
Authors: Ross Linda , Shannon Brendan
Published: February 2023

Background:

With the expansion of specialist non-traditional community paramedic roles, education programmes need to be fit for purpose, evidence-based and informed by industry and community requirements.

Aims:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a community paramedic short course in improving knowledge, skills and confidence in undertaking a community paramedic role.

Methods:

Educational intervention evaluation of a short course on community paramedicine.

Findings:

All participants increased their mean scores for knowledge, skills and confidence. The biggest areas of improvement were seen in areas not historically taught or practised in paramedicine such as falls assessments, ear/nose/throat assessment and care, gastrointestinal assessment and care, and troubleshooting urinary catheters and specialist equipment.

Conclusion:

This type of education is successful in improving knowledge, skills and confidence. However, exposure to patients with specialist community health care needs and adequate support in the novice phase is fundamental for the consolidation of education.
Mind of a Designer
Authors: Pope Jon
Published: February 2023

TOP INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER JON POPE DISCUSSES THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON VEHICLE DESIGN, WHAT MAKES A GREAT MACHINE - AND LIFE IN LOCKDOWN
Staying Connected
Authors: Hankaniemi Mikko
Published: February 2023

A NEW AND VERSATILE IoT DEVICE FOR OFF-HIGHWAY OFFERS EASY AND AFFORDABLE CONFIGURATION
Fleet Revolution
Authors: Tolley Megan
Published: February 2023

A HYBRID SOLUTION FOR MOBILE HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT COULD HELP IMPROVE FLEET MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE USE OF MACHINE PERFORMANCE TELEMETRY AND ANALYSIS
Reds Yellows
Authors: McCullough Chris
Published: February 2023

WHAT MAKES A CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE DIFFERENT FROM AN AGRICULTURAL ONE? SOME COMPARABLE WHEEL LOADERS IN THE SCHÄFFER RANGE DIFFER ONLY IN PAINTWORK, BUT OTHERS HAVE KEY DESIGN FEATURES TAILORED TO THEIR TARGET MARKETS
Swarm Welcome?
Authors: Allen James , Rodwell Sean
Published: February 2023

AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS USING SWARM INTELLIGENCE HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED FOR AT LEAST TWO DECADES, BUT NOW, WITH AT LEAST ONE MAJOR OEM GOING PUBLIC WITH ITS TECHNOLOGY AND MANY MORE SMALLER RESEARCH PROJECTS IN PROGRESS, COULD THE TIME FINALLY BE RIGHT FOR REAL-WORLD DEPLOYMENT? AND WILL FARMERS ACCEPT THESE NEW MACHINES?
Harvest 3.0
Authors: Roper Jack
Published: February 2023

FIRST CAME HORSE-DRAWN REAPING MACHINES, THEN MOTORIZED ‘COMBINES' ADDED THRESHING AND WINNOWING TO THE PROCESS. NOW A THIRD REVOLUTION IS UNDERWAY, LED BY ONE MACHINE: THE TRIBINE T1000. THIS IS A VEHICLE SO LARGE, AND WITH SUCH A FAST UNLOADING RATE, THAT IT ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR A TRACTOR AND GRAIN CART RUNNING ALONGSIDE
Seal the Deal
Authors: Robinson Bobby M
Published: February 2023

SEAL FAILURES CAN LEAD TO COSTLY DOWNTIME AND INCONVENIENCE FOR OPERATORS. BUT A NEW KIND OF WET SEAL PUMP IS HELPING TO MAKE SUCH WORRIES A THING OF THE PAST
New Sensor Success
Authors: Battisti Nicola
Published: February 2023

THE VERY LATEST IN ABSOLUTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS FROM STANDARDIZATION AND PLUG-AND-PLAY CAPABILITIES, HELPING TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY AND REDUCE MAINTENANCE COSTS
A Joystick for Heavy Duty
Authors: Lovstrom Hakan
Published: February 2023

JOYSTICKS IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY NEED TO BE ROBUST, AND THIS REQUIREMENT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT IN THE MINING INDUSTRY
Future Vision
Authors: Habicht Nils
Published: February 2023

AS MOBILE MACHINERY GETS MORE COMPLEX, IT'S IMPORTANT TO HAVE A CONSOLE THAT EMPOWERS THE OPERATOR TO SAFELY AND EFFORTLESSLY TAKE CONTROL OF ALL FUNCTIONS
Cable-Free Comms
Authors: Scheffels Gerald
Published: February 2023

WHEN AIRBORNE SIGNALS REPLACE CABLES AND MEMORY CARDS COMMUNICATION IS EASIER. THE ISOBUS CONSORTIUM AEF IS DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEAMLESS – AND WIRELESS – DATA INTEGRATION BETWEEN VEHICLES, FMIS, AND EVEN BETWEEN TRACTORS AND IMPLEMENTS THEMSELVES
Engaging Hydraulic Power
Authors: Besnouin Guillaume
Published: February 2023

NEW REGULATIONS FOR ON-ROAD BRAKING MEAN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS HAVE TO ADAPT TO ENSURE AGRICULTURE VEHICLES COMPLY AND REMAIN SAFE
Laying The Foundations
Authors: Badescu Lucian
Published: February 2023

SUPPORTING NEW AND INNOVATIVE OEMS WITH THE BEST CONTROLLER EQUIPMENT POSSIBLE SUPPORTS THE INDUSTRY AND HELPS IT FLOURISH
Electronic System Boost
Authors: Hohl Michael
Published: February 2023

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE HAVE TRANSFORMED THE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF A CENTURIES-OLD INDUSTRY
Keeping It Modular
Authors: Nixon Deborah
Published: February 2023

CREATING A CUSTOMIZABLE ARMREST WITH MULTIPLE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS WIDENS THE SPECTRUM FOR POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS
Reliable Remote Machine Control
Authors: Tennina Matteo
Published: February 2023

VEGETATION MAINTENANCE MACHINES INCREASE SAFETY AND SIMPLICITY FOR WORKERS OPERATING ON SLOPED GROUND
Compact reconstruction of a Fourier hologram for a 3D object by scaling compensation
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yuqi , Lei Xiangli , Wu Yang
Published: February 2023

The Fourier holographic projection method is compact and
computationally fast. However, since the magnification of the
displayed image increases with the diffraction distance, this method
cannot be used directly to display multi-plane three-dimensional (3D)
scenes. We propose a holographic 3D projection method of Fourier
holograms by scaling compensation to offset the magnification during
optical reconstruction. To achieve a compact system, the proposed
method is also used to reconstruct 3D virtual images with Fourier
holograms. Different from traditional Fourier holographic displays,
images are reconstructed behind a spatial light modulator (SLM) so
that the observation position can be placed close to the SLM. The
effectiveness of the method and the flexibility of combining it with
other methods are confirmed by simulations and experiments. Therefore,
our method could have potential applications in the augmented reality
(AR) and virtual reality (VR) fields.
Multi-target reconstruction strategy based on blind source separation of surface measurement signals in FMT
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Guo Hongbo , Li Jintao , Kang Dizhen , Zhang Diya , He Xiaowei , Zhao Yizhe , Wei De , Yu Jingjing
Published: February 2023

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising molecular imaging technique for tumor detection in the early stage. High-precision multi-target reconstructions are necessary for quantitative analysis in practical FMT applications. The existing reconstruction methods perform well in retrieving a single fluorescent target but may fail in reconstructing a multi-target, which remains an obstacle to the wider application of FMT. In this paper, a novel multi-target reconstruction strategy based on blind source separation (BSS) of surface measurement signals was proposed, which transformed the multi-target reconstruction problem into multiple single-target reconstruction problems. Firstly, by multiple points excitation, multiple groups of superimposed measurement signals conforming to the conditions of BSS were constructed. Secondly, an efficient nonnegative least-correlated component analysis with iterative volume maximization (nLCA-IVM) algorithm was applied to construct the separation matrix, and the superimposed measurement signals were separated into the measurements of each target. Thirdly, the least squares fitting method was combined with BSS to determine the number of fluorophores indirectly. Lastly, each target was reconstructed based on the extracted surface measurement signals. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments proved that it has the ability of multi-target resolution for FMT. The encouraging results demonstrate the significant effectiveness and potential of our method for practical FMT applications.
Color constancy for daylight illumination changes in anomalous trichromats and dichromats
Authors: Aston Stacey , Jordan Gabriele , Hurlbert Anya
Published: February 2023

Color constancy is the perceptual stability of surface colors under temporal changes in the illumination spectrum. The illumination discrimination task (IDT) reveals worse discrimination for “bluer” illumination changes in normal-trichromatic observers (changes towards cooler color temperatures on the daylight chromaticity locus), indicating greater stability of scene colors or better color constancy, compared with illumination changes in other chromatic directions. Here, we compare the performance of individuals with X-linked color-vision deficiencies (CVDs) to normal trichromats on the IDT performed in an immersive setting with a real scene illuminated by spectrally tunable LED lamps. We determine discrimination thresholds for illumination changes relative to a reference illumination (D65) in four chromatic directions, roughly parallel and orthogonal to the daylight locus. We find, using both a standard CIELUV metric and a cone-contrast metric tailored to distinct CVD types, that discrimination thresholds for daylight changes do not differ between normal trichromats and CVD types, including dichromats and anomalous trichromats, but thresholds for atypical illuminations do differ. This result extends a previous report of illumination discrimination ability in dichromats for simulated daylight changes in images. In addition, using the cone-contrast metric to compare thresholds for bluer and yellower daylight changes with those for unnatural redder and greener changes, we suggest that reduced sensitivity to daylight changes is weakly preserved in X-linked CVDs.
Direct wavefront sensing with a plenoptic sensor based on deep learning
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Haobo , He Yi , Wei Ling , Yang Jinsheng , Li Xiqi , Huang Linghai , Wei Kai
Published: February 2023

Traditional plenoptic wavefront sensors (PWS) suffer from the obvious step change of the slope response which leads to the poor performance of phase retrieval. In this paper, a neural network model combining the transformer architecture with the U-Net model is utilized to restore wavefront directly from the plenoptic image of PWS. The simulation results show that the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) of residual wavefront is less than 1/14λ (Marechal criterion), proving the proposed method successfully breaks through the non-linear problem existed in PWS wavefront sensing. In addition, our model performs better than the recently developed deep learning models and traditional modal approach. Furthermore, the robustness of our model to turbulence strength and signal level is also tested, proving the good generalizability of our model. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to perform direct wavefront detection with a deep-learning-based method in PWS-based applications and achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
Compact Yb fiber few-cycle pulse source based on precision pulse compression and shaping with an adaptive fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Lampen Jacob , Tani Francesco , Li Peng , Lee Kevin F. , Jiang Jie , J.Russell Philip St. , Fermann Martin E.
Published: February 2023

We generate bandwidth limited 10 µJ pulses of 92 fs pulse width using an adaptive fiber Bragg grating stretcher (FBG) in conjunction with a Lyot filter. The temperature controlled FBG is used to optimize the group delay, whereas the Lyot filter counteracts gain narrowing in the amplifier chain. Soliton compression in a hollow core fiber (HCF) allows for access to the few-cycle pulse regime. Adaptive control further enables the generation of nontrivial pulse shapes.
Dust as a solar shield
Authors: Bromley Benjamin C. , Khan Sameer H. , Kenyon Scott J.
Published: February 2023

We revisit dust placed near the Earth–Sun L1 Lagrange point as a possible climate-change mitigation measure. Our calculations include variations in grain properties and orbit solutions with lunar and planetary perturbations. To achieve sunlight attenuation of 1.8%, equivalent to about 6 days per year of an obscured Sun, the mass of dust in the scenarios we consider must exceed 1010 kg. The more promising approaches include using high-porosity, fluffy grains to increase the extinction efficiency per unit mass, and launching this material in directed jets from a platform orbiting at L1. A simpler approach is to ballistically eject dust grains from the Moon’s surface on a free trajectory toward L1, providing sun shade for several days or more. Advantages compared to an Earth launch include a ready reservoir of dust on the lunar surface and less kinetic energy required to achieve a sun-shielding orbit.
NHP BurkPx: A multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay to monitor Burkholderia pseudomallei exposures in non-human primates
Authors: Celona Kimberly R. , Shannon Austin B. , Sonderegger Derek , Yi Jinhee , Monroy Fernando P. , Allender Christopher , Hornstra Heidie , Barnes Mary B. , Didier Elizabeth S. , Bohm Rudolf P. , Phillippi-Falkenstein Kathrine , Sanford Daniel , Keim Paul , Settles Erik W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Melioidosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, infecting humans and non-human primates (NHP) through contaminated soil or water. World-wide there are an estimated 165,000 human melioidosis cases each year, but recordings of NHP cases are sporadic. Clinical detection of melioidosis in humans is primarily by culturing B. pseudomallei, and there are no standardized detection protocols for NHP. NHP are an important animal model for melioidosis research including clinical trials and development of biodefense countermeasures.

Methodology/Principle findings

We evaluated the diagnostic potential of the multiple antigen serological assay, BurkPx, in NHP using two sera sets: (i) 115 B. pseudomallei-challenged serum samples from 80 NHP collected each week post-exposure (n = 52) and at euthanasia (n = 47), and (ii) 126 B. pseudomallei-naïve/negative serum samples. We observed early IgM antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens followed by IgG antibody recognition to multiple B. pseudomallei protein antigens during the second week of infection. B. pseudomallei negative serum samples had low to intermediate antibody cross reactivity to the antigens in this assay. Infection time was predicted as the determining factor in the variation of antibody responses, with 77.67% of variation explained by the first component of the principal component analysis. A multiple antigen model generated a binary prediction metric (p^), which when applied to all data resulted in 100% specificity and 63.48% sensitivity. Removal of week 1 B. pseudomallei challenged serum samples increased the sensitivity of the model to 95%.

Conclusion/Significance

We employed a previously standardized assay for humans, the BurkPx assay, and assessed its diagnostic potential for detection of B. pseudomallei exposure in NHP. The assay is expected to be useful for surveillance in NHP colonies, in investigations of suspected accidental releases or exposures, and for identifying vaccine correlates of protection.
Effects of gene–lifestyle interactions on obesity based on a multi-locus risk score: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Fang Xuemin , Saito Yoshinobu , Narimatsu Hiroto , Ota Azusa , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Shimanoe Chisato , Tanaka Keitaro , Kubo Yoko , Tsukamoto Mineko , Tamura Takashi , Hishida Asahi , Oze Isao , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Nakamura Yohko , Kusakabe Miho , Takezaki Toshiro , Nishimoto Daisaku , Suzuki Sadao , Otani Takahiro , Kuriyama Nagato , Matsui Daisuke , Kuriki Kiyonori , Kadota Aya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Nakatochi Masahiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji
Published: February 2023

Background

The relationship between lifestyle and obesity is a major focus of research. Personalized nutrition, which utilizes evidence from nutrigenomics, such as gene–environment interactions, has been attracting attention in recent years. However, evidence for gene–environment interactions that can inform treatment strategies is lacking, despite some reported interactions involving dietary intake or physical activity. Utilizing gene–lifestyle interactions in practice could aid in optimizing interventions according to genetic risk.

Methods

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of gene–lifestyle interactions on body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were used. Interactions between a multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS), calculated from 76 ancestry-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, and nutritional intake or physical activity were assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) BMI and GRS for all participants (n = 12,918) were 22.9 (3.0) kg/m2 and -0.07 (0.16), respectively. The correlation between GRS and BMI was r(12,916) = 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.15, P < 0.001). An interaction between GRS and saturated fatty acid intake was observed (β = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.02). An interaction between GRS and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was also observed in the females with normal-weight subgroup (β = -0.12, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.03).

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence of an interaction effect between GRS and nutritional intake and physical activity. This gene–lifestyle interaction provides a basis for developing prevention or treatment interventions for obesity according to individual genetic predisposition.
Associations between air pollutants and blood pressure in an ethnically diverse cohort of adolescents in London, England
Authors: Karamanos A. , Lu Y. , Mudway I. S. , Ayis S. , Kelly F. J. , Beevers S. D. , Dajnak D. , Fecht D. , Elia C. , Tandon S. , Webb A. J. , Grande A. J. , Molaodi O. R. , Maynard M. J. , Cruickshank J. K. , Harding S.
Published: February 2023

Longitudinal evidence on the association between air pollution and blood pressure (BP) in adolescence is scarce. We explored this association in an ethnically diverse cohort of schoolchildren. Sex-stratified, linear random-effects modelling was used to examine how modelled residential exposure to annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and ozone (O3), measures in μg/m3, associated with blood pressure. Estimates were based on 3,284 adolescents; 80% from ethnic minority groups, recruited from 51 schools, and followed up from 11–13 to 14–16 years old. Ethnic minorities were exposed to higher modelled annual average concentrations of pollution at residential postcode level than their White UK peers. A two-pollutant model (NO2 & PM2.5), adjusted for ethnicity, age, anthropometry, and pubertal status, highlighted associations with systolic, but not diastolic BP. A μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.30 mmHg (95% CI 0.18 to 0.40) decrease in systolic BP for girls and 0.19 mmHg (95% CI 0.07 to 0.31) decrease in systolic BP for boys. In contrast, a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.34 mmHg (95% CI 0.85 to 1.82) increase in systolic BP for girls and 0.57 mmHg (95% CI 0.04 to 1.03) increase in systolic BP for boys. Associations did not vary by ethnicity, body size or socio-economic advantage. Associations were robust to adjustments for noise levels and lung function at 11–13 years. In summary, higher ambient levels of NO2 were associated with lower and PM2.5 with higher systolic BP across adolescence, with stronger associations for girls.
Agro-morphological and genetic variability analysis in oat germplasms with special emphasis on food and feed
Authors: Kumar Raj , Varghese Smriti , Jayaswal Deepanshu , Jayaswall Kuldip , Yadav Kuldeep , Mishra Gaurav , Vyas R. P. , Singh H. C. , Prakash H. G. , Singh Arvind Nath , Kumar Sanjay
Published: February 2023

The gaining attention of underutilized oat crops for both food and feed, mining of quality and yield related genes/QTLs from available germplasms of oat is need of the hour. The large family of grasses has a vast number of germplasms that could be harnessed for bio-prospecting. The selection of cross-compatible oat germplasms by molecular markers could be used for the introgression of the novel traits into the elite background of oats. The process needs a thorough study of genetic diversity to see the evolutionary relatedness among germplasms. Considering this, in the present study, the genetic diversity of 38 oat germplasms with 12 agro-morphological traits was carried out using 22 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. We found a high level of polymorphism and 158 distinctive alleles; on average 7.18 alleles per primer, further, high-yielding genotypes were identified with the help of phenotypic data and genetic diversity was analyzed by using DNA fingerprint-based principal component analysis, UPGMA dendrogram. Among these 38 germplasms; eight were identified as superior under high grain yield (OS-424, OS-403, NDO-1101, OL-10, UPO-212, OS-405, OS-6, and OS-346) and another eight germplasms were identified as superior for the high fresh weight (for fodder purpose, NDO-711, RO-19, OL-14, OL-1760/OL-11, NDO-10, UPO-212, UPO-06-1, and RO-11-1). These results suggest that germplasms that are closely related (Cross-compatible) and have good potential for desirable traits could be used for varietal development by using marker-assisted selection.
Updating the Aesthetic Fluency Scale: Revised long and short forms for research in the psychology of the arts
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Rodriguez-Boerwinkle Rebekah M. , Christensen Alexander P. , Fekete Anna , Smith Jeffrey K. , Smith Lisa F. , Tinio Pablo P. L. , Silvia Paul J.
Published: February 2023

People’s knowledge about the arts shapes how they experience and engage with art. Since its introduction, the 10-item Aesthetic Fluency Scale has been widely used to measure self-reported art knowledge. Drawing from findings and researchers’ experience since then, the present work develops and evaluates a Revised Aesthetic Fluency Scale using item response theory to broaden its scope (36 items) and refine its response scale. In a large sample (n = 2,089 English-speaking adults), Study 1 found strong evidence for unidimensionality, good item fit, and a difficulty level suitable for its targeted population; Study 2 (n = 392) provided initial evidence for score validity via relationships with art engagement, Openness to Experience, and aesthetic responsiveness; and Study 3 derived a brief, 10-item form for time-constrained projects. Taken together, the revised scales build upon lessons learned from the original and appear promising for the next generation of research.
Scaling social innovation: Ownership, documentation, infrastructuring elements and rehearsing new practices
Authors: Yndigegn Signe Louise , Brandt Eva , Foverskov Maria , Malmborg Lone
Published: February 2023

Today, co-designing for social innovation is explored in many western democracies to transform political agendas and develop sustainable societies. For social innovation to have a radical and wide-reaching impact on society, scaling is crucial. Scaling social innovation after ending a project requires a focus on making innovations sustainable in the long run and how they can foster organizational or institutional transformation. Despite increased interest in design for social innovation and scaling, little attention has been given to how the scaling of social innovation unfolds in practice over a longer period. A qualitative study was conducted following the continuation of a social innovation project called SeniorInteraction, which ended in 2012. Through interviews and field visits, we examined the attempts at scaling by different public and private partners and citizens after the project ended. The social innovation concept in question is an open exercise community in public parks for senior citizens supported by the local municipality. The research provides a deeper understanding of scaling in practice and identifies four important drivers for scaling social innovation: ownership, documentation, infrastructuring elements and rehearsing new practices. Additionally, we discuss challenges related to the way we understand and evaluate the scaling of social innovations.
Between yarns and electrons: A method for designing electromagnetic expressions in woven smart textiles
Authors: Lewis Erin
Published: February 2023

The design of woven smart textiles presents a discrepancy of scale where the designer works at the level of structural textile design while facets of the material express at scales beyond one’s senses. Without appropriate methods to address these unknown (or hidden) material dimensions, certain expressional domains of the textile are closed off from textile design possibilities. The aim of the research has been to narrow the gap that presents when one designs simultaneously at the scale of textile structure and electron flow in yarns. It does this by detailing a method for sensing, visualizing, and discussing expressions of electromagnetism in woven smart textiles. Based on experimental research, a method of textile surface scanning is proposed to produce a visualization of the textile’s electromagnetic field. The woven textile samples observed through this method reveal an unknown textural quality that exists within the electron flow – an electromagnetic texture, which emerges at the intersection of woven design and electromagnetic domain variables. The research further contributes to the definition of specific design variables such as: field strength and diffusion expanding the practice of woven smart textile design to the electromagnetic domain.
A matter of scales: Experiential evaluation as a scaling device to support a scaling platform in a case of urban design
Authors: Custers Lieve , Huybrechts Liesbeth , Devisch Oswald
Published: February 2023

Spatial densification is an ongoing process in most cities today, but has an uneasy relation with the liveability of our environments. In this article, we approach this uneasy relationship between densification and liveability as a ‘matter of scales’ and work consciously with the tensions which arise, such as a lack of communication and mistrust. We analyse a case of urban design and discuss how the participatory design approach of ‘experiential evaluation’ as a ‘scaling device’ was deployed to support the formation of a ‘scaling platform’ around this matter of scale. This scaling platform has the ambition to connect the multiple actors across multiple scales to make the tensions between scales constructive. In the discussion, we present the learnings of the design process and the challenges that we encountered.
Use of CBD - Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: Grunbaum Sergio
Published: February 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a medication made from the cannabis plant, Cannabis sativa, which acts on the central nervous system, helping to treat psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy or anxiety. CBD can generate feelings of calmness, inhibiting the absorption of anandamide, an endocannabinoid that helps maintain homeostasis. It is also indicated for the relief of symptoms such as pain, inflammation, depression and anxiety. Studies still show that cannabidiol has the potential to prevent and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Nomophobia Prevalence in Medical Students, Nurses, and Doctors – A Literature Review
Authors: Grunbaum Sergio
Published: February 2023

Nomophobia is the rising social phenomenon consisting of an irrational fear of being left without a mobile phone. Although the name refers to the absence of a mobile phone, it emphasizes smartphones and mobile data connectivity. This review will aim to establish a connection between the exaggerated use of smartphones, social media, and other online services with the stressful and challenging routines of medical students and medical professionals. Furthermore, this study will try to determine whether or not a connection exists between elevated anxiety levels, procrastination of academic duties, and overall underachievement with nomophobia behavior among said students and professionals. A chronological and systematic literature review was performed, including scientific findings published no earlier than 2017, and excluding older publications.
Tomato Flu in India: A Rapid Review
Authors: Chaudhary Neeru
Published: February 2023

Bumpy and irritated skin can be brought on by tomato flu.The centre asserts that there is no connection between tomato flu and coronavirus, dengue, chikungunya, or monkeypox. According to reports, tomato flu is a self-limiting illness that primarily affects young children between the ages of 1 and 10 and people with weakened immune systems.

In India, there have been over 100 instances of tomato flu reported in four distinct states: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, and Haryana. Kids between the ages of 1 and 9 account for the majority of instances. However, all areas save the aforementioned four states remain unaffected. According to reports, it may be a clinical subtype of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
The Impact of Music on Brain Cells: The Case of Mozart’s Music
Authors: Obied Rohan
Published: February 2023

Music can improve memory, focus, and learning. Additionally, it can lessen stress, boost physical productivity, and improve general mental fitness. Listening to music can enhance cognition, memory, and learning. Listening to music not only reduces anxiety, blood pressure, and discomfort but also improves mood, sleep patterns, mental acuity, and memory. Music may energise, inspire, or calm and comfort people. This study was designed with the aim of evaluating the impacts of music on the activity and performance of brain cells, considering the Mozart’s music case as an interventional approach. The study was designed on the basis of utilizing the secondary qualitative design where content analysis was chosen as an effective data analytical technique as the findings of various studies were observed in in-depth. The findings suggested that listening to Mozart’s music can cause feelings of elevated arousal, which temporarily leads to improved performance across a wide range of cognitive areas. More significantly, the brain's rhythmic rhythms and cells are positively impacted.
Retóricas do debate pré-eleitoral
Authors: Mazzola Renan
Published: February 2023

Este artigo visa apresentar as análises dos argumentos mobilizados pelos candidatos à presidência da república no primeiro debate pré-eleitoral televisionado de 2018, realizado pela emissora Band em 09 de agosto. São analisados os exórdios dos discursos de oito candidatos à eleição, são eles: Álvaro Dias (PODEMOS), Cabo Daciolo (PATRIOTA), Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB), Marina Silva (REDE), Jair Bolsonaro (PSL), Guilherme Boulos (PSOL), Henrique Meirelles (MDB) e Ciro Gomes (PDT). Investiga-se a tipologia argumentativa e a articulação entre argumentos e figuras. Como fundamentação teórica, parte-se dos pressupostos da Nova Retórica, cujo Tratado da argumentação de Chaïm Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca é a principal referência. Utiliza-se também os trabalhos de Plantin (2008), Fiorin (2015; 2020), Abreu (2009) e Emediato (2008), que auxiliam na compreensão de algumas categorias de argumento. Como resultados, percebe-se a complexidade dos discursos argumentativos por meio da articulação inter-argumental e da intensificação de determinados argumentos por meio de figuras de retórica.
Edificio universitario con energía y carbono casi nulo
Authors: Giuliano Gabriela , Saez Vanesa , Garzón Beatriz
Published: February 2023

En la coyuntura actual que transitamos por la sostenida emergencia sanitaria, social, económica y ambiental debido a causas antropogénicas, es necesario generar iniciativas innovadoras para mitigar los impactos negativos. El aporte desde el diseño del hábitat educativo para la sustentabilidad, debe enfocarse en la disminución del impacto ambiental con propuestas de edificio de energía casi nula (nZIB), tanto en edificios existentes, como en nuevos. En tal sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la reducción de energía y carbono equivalente de un edificio educativo universitario, mediante la incorporación un aislante térmico resuelto con remanente de industria textil. Se analiza el comportamiento térmico y ambiental de la situación actual y de la propuesta de mejora en forma comparativa. Los resultados obtenidos son muy alentadores, en el caso mejorado en relación al existente, se logra una reducción de energía en climatización, en el orden de 45 % en calefacción, 23 % en refrigeración y en el 34,4 %. de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. En conclusión, se valoran las alternativas de rehabilitación energética que reflejan beneficios de triple impacto involucrando a toda la comunidad educativa universitaria y a la sociedad en general.
América Latina en tránsito: entre el hecho y la ficción, vivencias históricas en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Brum Santos Pedro , Manfio Simões Camila
Published: February 2023

Este artículo se propone indagar algunas posibilidades de diálogo entre literatura e historia como soporte para producir imágenes moduladoras del concepto de América Latina en tránsito. Al considerar el paso de lo arcaico y lo mítico a la realidad histórica, el objetivo inicial es cartografiar el contorno de las transformaciones culturales que se han producido en el último cuarto del siglo XX. El contexto dio lugar a nuevas percepciones sobre la memoria y la identidad a prerrogativa del surgimiento de periodistas que, como intentamos mostrar a través del caso del brasileño Josué Guimarães, engrosaron una generación de novelistas encargados de renovar el panorama literario. Finalmente, consideramos cómo dichos registros históricos actualizan las nociones de subjetividad y tiempo aplicadas a una concepción de América en constante creación, deconstrucción y reconstrucción.
Análisis de las obras de Mariana Enriquez publicadas en Brasil
Authors: Bastos da Silva Renata , De Azevedo Marinho Ricardo José , Becker Tavares Sandra María
Published: February 2023

En el sentido común, circula la idea de que la adquisición de conocimientos y la modificación de conductas se dan solo por la simple lectura de un texto. Una premisa en parte válida, que ha sido corroborada por estudios científicos que han demostrado que leer en un idioma diferente al del lector también mejora el rendimiento cerebral. Los lectores brasileños encuentran esto en la obra de Mariana Enríquez, quien en el transcurso de sus narraciones permite al lector dialogar entre el saber oral y la gnosis sistematizada, posibilitando reflexiones fecundas sobre la realidad hasta la activación de informaciones sensoriales. En este texto, los autores buscaron analizar aspectos relacionados con la obra de la escritora Mariana Enríquez publicada en Brasil. Este artículo se dividió en tres secciones que buscan retratar la obra de la mencionada argentina bajo la mirada de tres investigadores brasileños, indicando la simbiosis de su singularidad y la especificidad de un nicho literario.
Nuevas perspectivas de experimentar la gestión cultural
Authors: Pereira Sales Juliana Matias , Lopes de Souza Marja
Published: February 2023

El curso «Encuentros Internacionales: el brasileño entre otros hispanos, afinidad, contrastes y futuros posibles en sus inter–relaciones» es un proyecto de investigación y extensión de iniciación artístico–cultural ofrecido por la coordinación de extensión del curso Gestión Pública para el Desarrollo Económico y Social de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro (UFRJ), en colaboración con el Instituto Cervantes de Río de Janeiro. Este tiene como objetivo seguir un camino democrático, público y gratuito para el público en general, ya que proviene de la Universidad Pública que crea este ámbito propicio para debates justos que se adapten a aquellos aspectos literarios de la cultura que nos son cercanos. Tratar la literatura como algo a lo que hay que ceder por completo para abordar temas poco discutidos, buscando no solo acercar a los lectores, sino traer nuevos autores dando voz a los iberoamericanos, permeados por la visualización de los alcances de una nueva forma de entender la gestión pública desde la perspectiva de la gestión cultural.