bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesozoic phytoclast records in the Sriperumbudur (Palar Basin), Kota (Chintalapudi Sub-Basin) and Dubrajpur (Rajmahal Basin) formations, India
Authors: Duarte Sarah Gonçalves , Jha Neerja , Joshi Harinam , Tavares Eliana Schwartz , Arai Mitsuru , Wanderley Maria Dolores
Published: December 2016

The studies of fossil plant cuticles in palynological samples recovered from three cored boreholes located in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh (Kota/Gangapur Formation, Chintalapudi Sub-basin, Godavari Graben, Jurassic–Cretaceous), Tamil Nadu (Sriperumbudur Formation, Palar Basin, Upper Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous), and Jharkhand (Dubrajpur Formation, Rajmahal Basin, Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous) are presented herein. Cuticles and palynomorphs were recovered by standard palynological practices in the Gondwana Palynological Laboratory of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India. Fossil specimens were examined under a binocular microscope and photomicrographs were taken with a digital camera. Twenty seven morphotypes of fossil cuticles (occasionally representing stomata, trichomes and secretory structures) and other tissues (e.g., a plicate parenchyma) were recovered. The morphological analysis of cuticles and associated palynomorphs reflect the presence of different groups of plants (Bennettitales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Polypodiales, and Pteridospermales). In some occasions, cuticles display distinct structures (e.g., monocyclic stomata, secretory structures) that allow comparisons with some extant and fossil genera. We conclude that the study of well-preserved fossil cuticles and associated palynomorphs allow taxonomic inferences on the composition of the parent floras.
A palynostratigraphic study of the Umrer Coalfield of Wardha Basin, Maharashtra State, Central India and its putative correlation with Indian and other Gondwanan areas
Authors: Kavali Pauline Sabina , Shivanna Mahesh , Lingappa Mahesh Bilwa , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary Elizabeth Cerruti
Published: December 2016

The present work details the results of the palynological studies carried out in the Umrer Coalfield of Wardha Basin of Maharashtra State, Central India. The coalfield covers an area of 4 sq. km and is characterized by three coal seams designated as bottom, middle and top seams with partings. Statistical analysis of the palynomorphs from these sediments have revealed the dominance of radial monosaccate pollen grains of the genus Parasaccites and subdominance of non-striate bisaccate genus Scheuringipollenites in association with other typical early Permian taxa viz. Crucisaccites, Callumispora, Caheniasaccites, Brevitriletes, Tiwariasporis and Primuspollenites. This association characterizes the palynoflora of the upper Karharbari Formation of India on the basis of which the Umrer Coalfield has been assigned an early Permian late Sakmarian to early Artinskian age. It is further authenticated by the presence of the species Crucisaccites monoletus significant of the Karharbari Formation. Age deductions have also been made by correlations with similar assemblages from different basins in India and early Permian palynoflora from other Gondwanan continents some of which have been associated with radiometrically dated sediments.
The Pivotal Role of the Right Parietal Lobe in Temporal Attention
Authors: Agosta Sara , Magnago Denise , Tyler Sarah , Grossman Emily , Galante Emanuela , Ferraro Francesco , Mazzini Nunzia , Miceli Gabriele , Battelli Lorella
Published: December 2016

The visual system is extremely efficient at detecting events across time even at very fast presentation rates; however, discriminating the identity of those events is much slower and requires attention over time, a mechanism with a much coarser resolution [Cavanagh, P., Battelli, L., & Holcombe, A. O. Dynamic attention. In A. C. Nobre & S. Kastner (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of attention (pp. 652–675). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013]. Patients affected by right parietal lesion, including the TPJ, are severely impaired in discriminating events across time in both visual fields [Battelli, L., Cavanagh, P., & Thornton, I. M. Perception of biological motion in parietal patients. Neuropsychologia, 41, 1808–1816, 2003]. One way to test this ability is to use a simultaneity judgment task, whereby participants are asked to indicate whether two events occurred simultaneously or not. We psychophysically varied the frequency rate of four flickering disks, and on most of the trials, one disk (either in the left or right visual field) was flickering out-of-phase relative to the others. We asked participants to report whether two left-or-right-presented disks were simultaneous or not. We tested a total of 23 right and left parietal lesion patients in Experiment 1, and only right parietal patients showed impairment in both visual fields while their low-level visual functions were normal. Importantly, to causally link the right TPJ to the relative timing processing, we ran a TMS experiment on healthy participants. Participants underwent three stimulation sessions and performed the same simultaneity judgment task before and after 20 min of low-frequency inhibitory TMS over right TPJ, left TPJ, or early visual area as a control. rTMS over the right TPJ caused a bilateral impairment in the simultaneity judgment task, whereas rTMS over left TPJ or over early visual area did not affect performance. Altogether, our results directly link the right TPJ to the processing of relative time.
Salience Network Connectivity Modulates Skin Conductance Responses in Predicting Arousal Experience
Authors: Xia Chenjie , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Quigley Karen S. , Feldman Barrett Lisa , Dickerson Bradford C.
Published: December 2016

Individual differences in arousal experience have been linked to differences in resting-state salience network connectivity strength. In this study, we investigated how adding task-related skin conductance responses (SCR), a measure of sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity, can predict additional variance in arousal experience. Thirty-nine young adults rated their subjective experience of arousal to emotionally evocative images while SCRs were measured. They also underwent a separate resting-state fMRI scan. Greater SCR reactivity (an increased number of task-related SCRs) to emotional images and stronger intrinsic salience network connectivity independently predicted more intense experiences of arousal. Salience network connectivity further moderated the effect of SCR reactivity: In individuals with weak salience network connectivity, SCR reactivity more significantly predicted arousal experience, whereas in those with strong salience network connectivity, SCR reactivity played little role in predicting arousal experience. This interaction illustrates the degeneracy in neural mechanisms driving individual differences in arousal experience and highlights the intricate interplay between connectivity in central visceromotor neural circuitry and peripherally expressed autonomic responses in shaping arousal experience.
Persuasion and Force in 4 Maccabees: Appropriating a Political Dialectic
Authors: Edsall Benjamin A.
Published: December 2016

The present study explores the themes of persuasion and force in Greco-Roman political thought and their appropriation in 4 Maccabees. I argue that among Greco-Roman political writers, stretching from Plato to Plutarch, the problem of balancing persuasion and force and their relationship to civic virtues cut to the heart of the varied constitutional theories and proposals. While persuasion was preferred in ideal situations, force was recognized to be an important corollary for the masses (§1). Turning to 4 Maccabees, a good example of the Jewish appropriation of the dominant political philosophy, I demonstrate that the political persuasion/force dynamic is foundational both to the philosophical prologue and the martyr narrative (§2).
The Power of Article 103 of the un Charter on Treaty Obligations
Authors: Kitharidis Sophocles
Published: December 2016

Understanding Article 103 of the Charter of the United Nations (un Charter) has proven to be complex and controversial. This provision stipulates that in the event of a conflict, the obligations imposed on un Member States under the un Charter prevail over international treaty obligations. Difficulties arise when state parties must determine whether to construe the provision as applying narrowly only to express Charter obligations, or more widely to obligations generated by Charter bodies such as the United Nations Security Council (unsc). Within the context of un peacekeeping operations, such operations are mandated by the unsc. Emphasizing on the respect of the relationship between the unsc and the un Charter, Article 25 serves as a specific legal basis for the unsc’s obligations to respect the provisions of the un Charter by developing intra vires decisions which are consistent with Charter obligations. State practice therefore presupposes that priority for unsc resolutions over treaty obligations is provided by Article 103. This article will first analyse Article 103 and in doing so, it will examine the obligations that the unsc can impose on states. This will include a consideration of when unsc mandated peacekeeping operations can, by their nature, contravene international human rights treaty obligations. It will then discuss the impact on peacekeeping operations on the presumption of complying with human rights obligations, including the right to life, freedom from torture and the right to liberty and security. Finally, this article will offer a critique of the capacity of Article 103 to override human rights obligations through the unsc interpretation of ‘all means necessary’ in peacekeeping operations.
Systematics of the Neotropical genus Pampasatyrus (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Pronophilina), with description of three new taxa
Authors: Zacca Thamara , Mielke Olaf H.H. , Pyrcz Tomasz W. , Dias Fernando M.S. , Casagrande Mirna M. , Boyer Pierre
Published: December 2016

The first cladistic analysis of the genus Pampasatyrus Hayward, 1953 is presented based on morphological evidence. The monophyly of Pampasatyrus is corroborated with previous molecular hypothesis, and supported by two synapomorphies and six homoplastic characters. Haywardella Herrera, 1966 stat. rest. is recovered as sister group of Pampasatyrus, and both are closely related to a clade composed by Argyrophorus Blanchard, 1852, Etcheverrius Herrera, 1965 and Quilaphoethosus Herrera, 1966. Furthermore, three new subspecies are described: Pampasatyrus gyrtone biezankoi Zacca, Pyrcz, Mielke & Casagrande, ssp. n. from southern Brazil, Pampasatyrus reticulata gagarini Zacca, Pyrcz, Mielke & Casagrande, ssp. n. from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Pampasatyrus glaucope eberti Pyrcz & Zacca, ssp. n. from São Paulo, Brazil. Neotypes to Faunula johanna Weymer, 1911 and Neomaenas reticulata Weymer, 1907 are herein designated. Lectotypes to Epinephele gyrtone Berg, 1877, Cosmosatyrus nilesi Weeks, 1902, Epinephele friedenreichi Staudinger, 1888 and Satyrus quies Berg, 1877 are also designated. A catalogue, diagnosis, illustrations, photos and distributional maps are provided for all the taxa, including an identification key.
La possession inaliénable en chinois mandarin et en français
Authors: Vinet Marie-Thérèse , Zhou Huijun
Published: December 2016

This article presents a comparative analysis of inalienable possession structures in French and in Modem Chinese. This research tries to show that similarities exist in the expression of inalienable possession in the two grammars in spite of apparent differences. Several aspects are discussed, namely the distinct grammatical forms used to capture permanent possession, shared conceptual domains in both languages as well as verbs which express body movements, pronounced and unpronounced features of D (determiner) heads, open to the interpretation of inalienable possession.
Corrections on the previous typifications of some names in Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)
Authors: VILLAR JOSE LUIS , ALONSO Mª ÁNGELES , JUAN ANA , CRESPO MANUEL B.
Published: December 2016

In two recent publications (Villar et al. 2014, 2015), we made comments on 24 nomenclatural types in Tamarix Linnaeus (1753: 270). However we overlooked Schiman-Czeika’s (1964) Tamaricaceae treatment for the Flora Iranica, which included mention to all the types of the species recognized by the author. In fact, Schiman-Czeika (1964) always referenced a “type” to a concrete specimen, and then isotypes, if found, in different herbaria. According to the Melbourne Code (ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), most of those designations of type (Schiman-Czeika 1964) must be corrected to lectotype (Art. 9.9 of the ICN), and have priority (Art. 7.10 of the ICN) over later type designations in our previous publications or those taken as a base for them (Baum 1966, Qaiser 1981, Villar et al. 2014, 2015). As a consequence, 7 out of the 24 names treated in our two previous works on Tamarix types (Villar et al. 2014, 2015) need of corrections after considering the Schiman-Czeika’s type designations. As a result, seven lectotypes first designated by Schiman-Czeika (1964) are recovered here, and second step lectotypes are designated in four cases, according to Art. 9.17 of the ICN.
US intergroup study of chemotherapy plus dasatinib and allogeneic stem cell transplant in Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Othus Megan , O'Brien Susan M. , Forman Stephen J. , Ha Chul S. , Wong Jeffrey Y. C. , Tallman Martin S. , Paietta Elisabeth , Racevskis Janis , Uy Geoffrey L. , Horowitz Mary , Takebe Naoko , Little Richard , Borate Uma , Kebriaei Partow , Kingsbury Laura , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Radich Jerald P. , Erba Harry P. , Appelbaum Frederick R.
Published: December 2016

Key Points

Addition of dasatinib to chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplant is well tolerated in younger patients with Ph+ ALL. Landmark analysis showed statistically superior advantages for relapse-free and overall survival for the transplanted patients.
Walking the tightrope-perspectives on local politicians’ role in implementing a national social care policy on evidence-based practice
Authors: Bäck A. , Ståhl C. , von Thiele Schwarz U. , Richter A. , Hasson H.
Published: December 2016

Background

Despite national policy recommending evidence-based practice (EBP), its application in social care has been limited. While local politicians can affect the process, little is known about their knowledge, attitudes and roles regarding EBP. The aim here is twofold: to explore the role of local politicians in the implementation of EBP in social care from both their own and a management perspective; and to examine factors politicians perceive as affecting their decisions and actions concerning the implementation of EBP policy.

Methods

Local politicians (N = 13) and managers (N = 22) in social care were interviewed. Qualitative thematic analysis with both inductive and deductive codes was used.

Results

Politicians were rather uninformed regarding EBP and national policy. The factors limiting their actions were, beside the lack of awareness, lack of ability to question existing working methods, and a need for support in the steering of EBP. Thus, personal interest played a significant part in what role the politicians assumed. This resulted in some politicians taking a more active role in steering EBP while others were not involved. From the managers’ perspective, a more active steering by politicians was desired. Setting budget and objectives, as well as active follow-up of work processes and outcomes, were identified as means to affect the implementation of EBP. However, the politicians seemed unaware of the facilitating effects of these actions.

Conclusions

Local politicians had a possibility to facilitate the implementation of EBP, but their role was unclear. Personal interest played a big part in determining what role was taken. The results imply that social care politicians might need support in the development of their steering of EBP. Moving the responsibility for EBP facilitation upwards in the political structure could be an important step in developing EBP in social care.
MICROENTERPRISES AS AN OBJECT OF ACCOUNTING
Authors: Крупинова  , Krupinova Ekaterina
Published: December 2016

With the Federal Law № 209-FZ of 24.07.2007 “On Development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation” coming into force, a number of legal entities and persons have acquired a new institutional status - microenterpises. Current legislation does not distinguish the microenterprise as a separate type of small and medium-sized enterprise, but in fact, classifies it within the small-sized entrepreneurship. Such approach happens to overlook the essential distinctive features of microenterprise, in particular putting them out of scope of consideration when the simplified accounting and reporting protocols are drafted. According to the results of the study a system of qualitative characteristics of financial and economic activity of micro-enterprises was developed, which implies separation of specific characteristics of the microbusiness into three groups: personal basis, operating specifics, special impact of external factors. As a special character of microbusiness in the accounting and reporting was to maintain of accounting records for a simple system without the use of double-entry, and on the basis of data, obtained through a simple recording, create simplified forms of accounting financial statements. A concept of a simple accounting system was developed, which allows to organize the accounting of microenterprises, taking into account the qualitative characteristics of financial and economic activity. In view of the specific features of microbusiness, it is recommended to allocate microenterpises as a separate category of micro-small and medium-sized business. The results of this study can be taken into account in the design and implementation of targeted state support measures, including those which are aimed to reducing the administrative burden on micro-enterprises in connection with the duty to keep accounting records and submit financial statements accounting.
Wound care today: Costs and treatments
Authors: Browning Paul
Published: December 2016

The evolution of wound care has mirrored that of mankind; from the earliest records there has been evidence of wound care. With technological advances in materials and an improved understanding of pathology, however, there has been a dramatic increase in wound care treatments over the past 30 years. This article provides a simple explanation of common wound-care treatments available today.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Psychopharmacology and nurse prescribing
Authors: Ryan Noreen , McDougall Tim
Published: December 2016

This article explores the assessment, treatment and management of ADHD by nurses. Although the main focus is on pharmacological treatments, these are only one part of support and management strategies. Self-care, psychological interventions, family-based support are all important for nurses to consider when providing holistic care and treatment for children and young people with ADHD.
A field survey on the indoor environmental quality of the UK primary school classroom
Authors: Zhang Yufan , Barrett Peter , Davies Fay , Barrett Lucinda
Published: December 2016

The indoor environmental quality (thermal, visual, acoustic and air quality) of the primary school classroom has an impact on pupils' learning and wellbeing. A field study, conducted on random days from 2012 to 2013, was carried out in 203 classrooms from 30 primary schools in 3 areas within the UK.

Physical parameters were measured at the site: illuminance, air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration and noise level. It was inferred that: 30.9% classrooms did not meet the proposed standards limiting the level of CO2 levels; light levels were found to be notably low (less than 500lux) because the pedagogy was reliant on smart boards; high noise levels (between 40 to 80dBA) were caused mainly from the adjacent activity areas to the classroom. Based on the findings, practical suggestions are proposed to maximise the environmental benefit to the pupils.
Compassion and care at the end of life: oncology nurses' experiences in South-East Iran
Authors: Ghaljeh Mahnaz , Iranmanesh Sedigheh , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Tirgari Batool , Kalantarri Behjat
Published: December 2016

Background:

End of life (EOL) care is newly established in the Iranian context. Context, in this case, refers to the internal and external manifestation of the nurse values, norms and experiences that are learnt throughout life.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of caring for dying patients in Iran.

Methods:

A phenomenological hermeneutic approach, influenced by the philosophy of Ricoeur, was used to analyse 10 oncology nurses' experiences of caring for dying persons.

Findings:

Three themes emerged from the analysis: 1) seeing the patient as unique person, 2) being present and open to seeing patients as unique persons and 3) personal and professional development as a result of closeness between nurse and patient. Caring for dying persons means assisting them at the end of their lives.

Conclusion:

Caring relationships underlie professional palliative care and are essential in EOL care. Proper palliative education and professionally led supervision should be included in the Iranian nursing curriculum.
Life transitions of adolescents and young adults with life-limiting conditions
Authors: Johnston Bridget , Jindal-Snape Divya , Pringle Jan
Published: December 2016

Aims:

A systematic review was conducted to appraise and classify evidence related to the life transitions of adolescents and young adults with life-limiting conditions.

Methods:

The databases searched were MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CancerLit, and AMED. Methodological quality was assessed using an established tool and the final articles included in the study were rated as moderate to high quality. Articles were then assessed based on the insight that they provided into life transitions for adolescents and young adults.

Results:

Eighteen studies were included in the final review, with two major life transitions identified as pertinent: ‘illness transition’ and ‘developmental transition’. These concurrent transitions were found to be relevant to adolescents and young adults with life-limiting conditions, generating complex needs. Sub-themes within the transitions were also identified. Furthermore, the illness transition was found to also impact significant others, namely family members, having physical, mental and emotional health implications and requiring them to make adaptations.

Conclusions:

Future research is needed to focus on adolescent and young adult perspectives to bring further insight into these key transitions, since such perspectives are currently underrepresented. Attention to the impact of the illness on the whole family would be useful to expand findings from this review.
Can MRI Distinguish between a Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear and a Normal ACL?
Authors: Mikashima Yoshinori , Tomatsu Taisuke , Miyawaki Motoko , Koshiishi Takeshi , Takagi Tadashi , Ikari Katsunori , Momohara Shigeki
Published: December 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can distinguish between a partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and a normal ACL.
Materials and Methods: MR images of 20 patients with an arthroscopically confirmed partial ACL tear were retrospectively interpreted by the author, comparing with normal ACLs.
Results and Discussion: All knees with a partial ACL tear had a continuous band of low signal, of which 15 had no increased signal intensity on proton density-weighted images. MRI could not distinguish between a partial ACL tear and a normal ACL. Orthopedic surgeons had better consider an ACL tear when a patient has traumatic hemarthrosis or anxiety provoked by the sensation of the knee ‘going out’ or ‘giving way’ during the pivot shift test, even if the ACL has a continuous band of low signal on the oblique sagittal view on MRI.
Milgram, Genocide and Bureaucracy: A Post-Weberian Perspective
Authors: Brannigan Augustine , Perry Gina
Published: December 2016

The link between Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience in 1963 and the explanation of the Holocaust during the Second World War has been the subject of controversy for the past five decades. Russell and Gregory (2015) offer the latest reflections on this relationship. Hannah Arendt's analysis of Eichmann centred on the image of desk murderers mindlessly processing military orders. Milgram invoked pervasive evidence of compliance to morally reprehensible commands in his experimental study of obedience. The joint Arendt–Milgram perspective has recently fallen into disrespect as a result of voluntarism evidenced in recent studies of ordinary Germans in participation in mass murder. Russell and Gregory's contribution advances an essentially Weberian explanation for the behaviour of perpetrators. Their analysis of the obedience experiments concludes that all the participants were constrained by a normative structure that led them to ignore harm to subjects as a result of the larger bureaucratic mindset that allowed Milgram's assistants, his funders and his subjects to suppress acknowledgement of injury. They argue that this recapitulates key features of the Holocaust. The recent historiography of the Holocaust points to a post-Weberian understanding of the bureaucracies at the heart of the genocide – the slave labour program in Germany and German-occupied territory, and the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front, where evidence points to a conscious and enthusiastic endorsement of the homicidal objectives of the Nazi regime.
Os Processos de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências Profissionais: Reflexão sobre uma Experiência
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula
Published: December 2016

A recente entrada em funcionamento dos Centros para a Qualificação e Ensino Profissional (CQEP), após encerramento dos Centros Novas Oportunidades (CNO), lançou novos desafios e impulsionou fortes dinâmicas territoriais na área da educação e formação de adultos.O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma experiência desenvolvida num CQEP, contextualizando o projeto, e refletir sobre o processo e os resultados alcançados.O Agrupamento de Escolas Henriques Nogueira lançou um projeto inovador em sede de candidatura que inclui várias parcerias de modo a responder às necessidades do território em que se insere, constituindo-se um verdadeiro trabalho em rede. Uma destas parcerias concretizou-se no desenvolvimentode Processos de RVCC Profissional para obtenção de qualificação de Operador de Jardinagem e Técnico de Jardinagem e Espaços Verdes.Estes processos permitiram a certificação profissional de 12 adultos. Em termos pessoais, verificaram-se ganhos a nível da autoestima, motivação para novas aprendizagens e autoconfiança. No entanto, estes processos não tiveramimpactos na situação profissional dos adultos.
Perceção da Transferência das Aprendizagens em Educação e Formação de Adultos: Um Estudo num Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional
Authors: Lopes Letícia Raquel Gonçalves , Bidarra Maria Da Graça Amaro , Barreira Carlos Manuel Folgado
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo pretende ser um contributo para o estudo da perceção da transferência das aprendizagens em educação e formação de adultos, tendo como base o modelo de Holton e colaboradores (Holton, Bates, & Ruona, 2000), retomado por Caetano (2007), e na metodologia que lhe está associada, envolvendo deste modo a adaptação do Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI), na versão portuguesa de Velada (2007). Participaram no estudo 190 formandos, integrados em cursos de Educação e Formação de Adultos num Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional, de diferentes áreas de formação, com diferentes habilitações e equivalências escolares e com idades compreendidas entre os 21 e 50 anos. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma positiva perceção da transferência, em termos globais, revelando-se diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo, às habilitações académicas, ao motivo da frequência da formação, à satisfação com a formação e ao grau de confiança na aquisição de um trabalho em consequência da formação.
Consumption culture and body in cinema context: Fight Club
Authors: Aydoğmuş Ördem Özlem
Published: December 2016

Studies on consumption culture and body have been examined considerably in sociology in recent years. Analysis of culture industry through cinema can be viewed as an important practice in understanding sociological theories and concepts. This study examined the movie Fight Club through content analysis within the framework of consumption culture and body. The present study found that the movie contained the concepts of desire, ambivalence, chronic health problems, and transition from the world of objects to discourse dimension, desire of destroying, principle of bodily desire and lack of reciprocal relationship and showed that there was a significant relationship between the concepts in the movie and sociological theories. The study indicated that sociological analysis of the movie Fight Club could be evaluated as a crucial tool in the analysis of sociological problems.
IUPAC— Holding the International Chemistry Family Together
Authors: Zhou Qifeng
Published: December 2016

A recent survey conducted by British scientists shows that, though the public has a positive impression of chemistry’s role in social development and the improvement of human welfare, many people are not very sure about what chemists actually do (
Is it possible to extend the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to supramolecular structures and coordination compounds using lone pairs?
Authors: Elguero José
Published: December 2016

In the Abstract of an article we published in
Risk factors that affect metabolic health status in obese children
Authors: Elmaogullari Selin , Demirel Fatma , Hatipoglu Nihal
Published: December 2016

Background:

While some obese children are metabolically healthy (MHO), some have additional health problems, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis, which increase mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during adulthood. These children are metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) children. In this study we assessed the factors that affect metabolic health in obesity and the clinical and laboratory findings that distinguish between MHO and MUO children.

Methods:

In total, 1085 patients aged 6–18 years, with age- and sex-matched BMI exceeding the 95th percentile were included in the study (mean 11.1±2.9 years, 57.6% female, 59.7% pubertal). Patients without dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, or hypertension were considered as MHO. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol level over 200 mg/dL, triglyceride over 150 mg/dL, LDL over 130 mg/dL, or HDL under 40 mg/dL. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model of assesment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Hepatosteatosis was evaluated with abdominal ultrasound. Duration of obesity, physical activity and nutritional habits, screen time, and parental obesity were questioned. Thyroid and liver function tests were performed.

Results:

Six hundred and forty-two cases (59.2%) were MUO. Older age, male sex, increased BMI-SDS, and sedentary lifestyle were associated with MUO. Excessive junk food consumption was associated with MUO particularly among the prepubertal obese patients.

Conclusions:

Our results revealed that the most important factors that affect metabolic health in obesity are age and BMI. Positive effects of an active lifestyle and healthy eating habits are prominent in the prepubertal period and these habits should be formed earlier in life.
Association of Meaning in Program Music
Authors: Antović Mihailo , Stamenković Dušan , Figar Vladimir
Published: December 2016

We tested three theses on the construction of extramusical meaning in program music: (1) that some excerpts contain an “inherent” musical structure that facilitates the interpretation aligned with the composer’s intentions; (2) that “onomatopoeia” — musical imitation of natural sounds — is a frequent subclass of this “inherence”; and (3) that providing the title of the piece further facilitates the “proper” interpretation of intended meaning. Two hundred and one students were given six musical stimuli (three based on “inherent” and three on “arbitrary” association) and asked to write a one-sentence description of extramusical meaning associated with the examples. In the first trial, all participants provided descriptions without a suggestion. In the second, they were randomly assigned to three groups, receiving suggestions that were neutral, aligned with the composer’s program, or deliberately worded to contradict this program. Three raters then coded the responses on the basis of conformity with the composer’s intentions and presence of onomatopoeia. The result was (a) no difference in the numbers of conformant descriptions to “inherent” as opposed to “arbitrary” examples; (b) a negligible number of onomatopoeic descriptions; (c) a strong influence of “false” — but not “true” — suggestions. We discuss some implications for further studies of extramusical meaning.
THE EFFECTS OF DISTRACTION ON SYMPTOMS DURING DRUG PROVOCATION TEST
Authors: Cildag Songul , Senturk Taskin , Sargin Gokhan
Published: December 2016

Background. Some patients may have psychosomatic complaints due to their previous experiences during the drug hypersensitivity reaction. Worry about being hurt due to an administered drug is termed nocebo effect, which is the opposite of the placebo effect. In our study, we investigated the effect of distraction on symptoms during drug provocation test.Methods. Our study included 112 patients who underwent DPTs for alternative purposes in our clinic. Previous hypersensitivity reactions of all the patients had objective signs. Patients were divided into two groups for the DPT. Sixty-three patients were kept busy during the test, performing tasks such as filling questionnaires, arranging files in alphabetical and numerical order, and doing archiving (Group 1). Forty-nine patients did not perform any tasks during the test (Group 2). Reactions that occurred during the test were recorded.   Results. During the DPT, 5 patients in Group 1 (5/63, 7.9%) and 17 patients in Group 2 (17/49, 34.7%), i.e. a total of 22 patients (22/112, 19.6%), had a reaction. There was a statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 according to the frequency of the reaction development.Conclusions. Patient psychosomatic complaints during DPTs are proportional to their association with previous allergic reactions. In order to prevent such reactions, it may be beneficial to keep the patients busy with an activity in order to distract them during the test.
The Use of Mastoid Fascia for Dorsal Nasal Augmentation
Authors: El-Sabbagh Ahmed Hassan
Published: December 2016

Background and aim. Dorsal augmentation of the nose is needed after trauma, rhinoplasty or for ethnic reasons. Alloplastic or autogenous materials may be used. In this paper, postauricular mastoid fascia was used for dorsal nasal augmentation. Methods. This study included ten patients who underwent dorsal nasal augmentation. Fascia over mastoid area was taken in all cases and was fixed with Steri-Strips and external nasal splints.Results. All patients were female except one case. Five patients had the operation because of ethnic causes and five patients did the operation due to post traumatic deformity. Donor sites healed uneventfully. Digital photography was taken to assess the grafts and follow up was extended up to 9 months.Conclusions. Mastoid fascia is a reliable method and its donor site is hidden. In addition, it can be a potential site for conchal graft if needed.
ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM M. capsulatus (BATH) GROWING IN MIXED CULTURE
Authors: J. Nunes Jemila , Aufderheide Brian , M. Ramjattan Devatie , Dass Renuka
Published: December 2016

The growing global demand for nutritional protein means that a sustainable source such as Single Cell Protein from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) can become a potential replacement for fishmeal and other animal feeds. Improving biomass concentrations using statistical optimization during synergistic fermentations with a mixed consortium of the three heterotrophic bacteria Alcaligenes acidovorans, Aneurinibacillus danicus, and Brevibacillus sp. can increase the feasibility of the industrial process. The medium components Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, PO42-, NO3-, MoO42-, trace metals, and process temperature were screened using a two-level Plackett-Burman Design in shake flasks which resulted in Cu2+ being the only significant factor. The optimum level of CuSO4.5H2O was found to be 40 μM using One Factor Response Surface Methodology, which was three times higher than the typical values of Cu2+ used previously. These combined strategies led to a 265% increase in biomass, with final cell concentration of 10.3 g/L, up from 2.8 g/L in fed batch fermentations over 48 hours. The heterotrophic bacteria did not grow on NMS or methane but increased biomass concentration when added to M. capsulatus (Bath) cultures.
THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENCIES OF SATUREJA KHUZISTANICA ESSENTIAL OIL FOR PRESERVING OF VEGETABLE OILS
Authors: Bahrami Behnaz , Mahboubi Mohaddese , Yari Reza , Mehran Mehdi
Published: December 2016

In recent years, the use of natural preservatives for protection of vegetable oils against microbial and chemical deterioration is one of the interesting issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservative activity of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) against microbial and chemical deterioration in sesame and flaxseed vegetable oils. Chemical composition of SKEO, chemical profiles, antioxidant and preservative potencies of inoculated vegetable oils with different concentration of SKEO were determined. Carvacrol was the main component of SKEO. The chemical profile of vegetable oils in presence of SKEO had no changes. Sesame and flaxseed vegetable oils had the IC50 equal to 26 and 22 µg/ml, respectively. Inoculation the SKEO (1%v/v) in vegetable oils decreased the IC50 for vegetable oils. SKEO showed promised antimicrobial activity against food microorganisms. Inoculation the SKEO (0.75%v/v) in sesame oil inhibited completely the bacteria and fungi after 14 days. Flaxseed oil inoculated with SKEO (1% v/v and lower concentrations) decreased the bacteria and fungi populations after 28 days. Therefore, the use of SKEO as natural preservative can protect vegetable oils from deterioration; also it gives the vegetable oils the other pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects with applications in different industries.
Child Maltreatment and Adult Living Standards at 50 Years
Authors: Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Li Leah , Power Chris
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has established effects on mental health. Less is known about its influence on adult economic circumstances. We aimed to establish associations of child maltreatment with such outcomes and explore potential pathways.

METHODS:

We used 1958 British birth cohort data (N = 8076) to examine associations of child neglect and abuse with adult (50 years) long-term sickness absence, not in employment, education or training (NEET), lacking assets, income-related support, poor qualifications, financial insecurity, manual social class, and social mobility. We assessed mediation of associations by 16-year cognition and mental health.

RESULTS:

Abuse prevalence varied from 1% (sexual) to 10% (psychological); 16% were neglected. A total of 21% experienced 1 maltreatment type, 10% experienced ≥2 types. Sexual and nonsexual abuse were associated with several outcomes; eg, for sexual abuse, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of income-related support was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.72). Associations were little affected by potential mediating factors. Neglect was associated with several adult outcomes (eg, aOR of NEET was 1.43 [95% CI, 1.10–1.85]) and associations were mediated by cognition and mental health (primarily by cognition): percent explained varied between 4% (NEET) to 70% (poor qualifications). In general, the risk of poor outcome increased by number of maltreatment types (eg, aOR for long-term sickness absence increased from 1.0 [reference] to 1.76 [95% CI, 1.32–2.35] to 2.69 [95% CI, 1.96–3.68], respectively, for 0, 1, and ≥2 types of maltreatment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Childhood maltreatment is associated with poor midadulthood socioeconomic outcomes, with accumulating risk for those experiencing multiple types of maltreatment. Cognitive ability and mental health are implicated in the pathway to outcome for neglect but not abuse.
Public Slavery, Racial Formation, and the Struggle over Honor in French New Orleans, 1718-1769
Authors: Vidal Cécile
Published: December 2016

In New Orleans throughout the French Regime (1718-1769), ruling authorities did not only shape the slave system through the way they exercised their political and administrative prerogatives and functions, but were directly involved as slaveholders. Public slavery facilitated the emergence of New Orleans and Lower Louisiana society as a slave society, and was not necessarily incompatible with racial prejudice and discrimination. On the contrary, it fueled the construction of race. At the same time, it made visible the fact that honor did not only define the boundary between the free and the non-free and the identity of the white population.
Instituições laborais e intervencionismo social na Colômbia, 1923-1946
Authors: Gallo Oscar
Published: December 2016

A hipótese defendida é que a criação da Oficina General del Trabajo ¾OGT¾ não resultou unicamente de ações doutrinais de partido, mas faz parte de uma tendência histórica, um movimento intervencionista do Estado iniciado com os governos conservadores e mantido nos anos 1930 e 1940, quando as iniciativas liberais apuraram a organização e a institucionalização da ameaça social, através de complexos modelos de conciliação e arbitramento. Adicionalmente, considera-se que o surgimento desta agência técnica se deu no marco da política internacional de regulação das relações entre capital e trabalho, mediante agencias estatais ou espaços tecnocráticos de intervenção social e relacionamento com a indústria, os operários e os camponeses. Portanto, a análise do contexto histórico e de seu processo de formação e funcionamento deve levar a compreender como se lidou com a questão social de 1923, ano de criação do Escritório Nacional do Trabalho, até 1946, quando foi criado o Ministério do Trabalho. Reconstruir a formação deste projeto institucional e seu funcionamento significa também compreender a incorporação da saúde dos trabalhadores no horizonte do Estado, assim como entender o sistema de valores em que se concretizaram fenômenos de grande impacto, como a seguridade social e o direito trabalhista.
Muriel Laurent, Rubén Egea y Alberto Vega. El antagonista. Una historia de contrabando y color. Novela gráfica.
Authors: Rivadeneira Velásquez Ricardo G.
Published: December 2016

Este libro constituye un acierto importante, en cuanto reconstruye gráficamente un caso histórico ubicado en los fondos del Archivo General de la Nación en Colombia.  A lo largo de más de cien páginas, la profesora Muriel Laurent y su equipo de dibujantes proponen un recorrido muy interesante y entretenido por los aconteceres y avatares vividos por burócratas y contrabandistas en inmediaciones del Río Magdalena. Esta obra hace parte del dispositivo que busca la difusión de la investigación que la profesora Laurent viene trabajando hace varios años y que tiene en el libro Contrabando en Colombia en el siglo XIX. Prácticas y discursos de resistencia y reproducción su principal exponente.
Carolina Santamaría-Delgado. Vitrolas, rocolas y radioteatros. Hábitos de escucha de la música popular en Medellín, 1930-1950.
Authors: Cepeda Sánchez Hernando
Published: December 2016

La nación, reflexionaba Charles Tilly hace ya tres décadas, pesa significativamente en el quehacer científico social, porque estructura procesos de amplia envergadura a las fronteras territoriales decimonónicas.[1] El problema que anima la investigación de Santamaría-Delgado transita derroteros epistemológicos heredados del conocimiento científico social basados en campos nacionales, aunque sobrepone la importancia de la región y la presencia inocultable de productos transnacionales. Escrito y pensado desde saberes recientemente acogidos por la disciplina histórica, tales como musicología, etnomusicología y estudios culturales, y animados por perspectivas poscoloniales latinoamericanas, desde donde la escritora reflexiona procesos de modernidad,[2] el texto construye escenarios minúsculos, donde acaecen hábitos de escucha, relacionados con procesos mayúsculos derivados de la recepción, circulación y usos sociales otorgados a la música.
La historia social al ritmo de los 60. Una lectura de La personalidad histórica de Colombia
Authors: Bonnett Vélez Diana
Published: December 2016

Se examina, bajo una doble aproximación, histórica e historiográfica, la obra titulada La personalidad histórica de Colombia, escrita por Jaime Jaramillo Uribe en 1969. En ella Jaramillo ejemplificó las diferencias del caso colombiano con “Hispanoamérica” e intentó sintetizar los rasgos más particulares de la historia de Colombia. El artículo hace énfasis en dos claves historiográficas muy significativas sobre la historia social para Jaramillo: la “densidad demográfica” y la “densidad cultural”. También se abordan las reflexiones y las críticas que él mismo hizo sobre su escrito veinte años después, definiéndolo como un texto de “carácter abierto”, en el que aparecen latentes las discusiones sobre la forma como el historiador se debía aproximar a la historia, particularmente al debate entre la generalización y el estudio de las particularidades.
Optimization of castor seed oil extraction process using response surface methodology
Authors: Mosquera Jose Daniel
Published: December 2016

This work is focused in the study of the oil yield extraction from castor seed using three different seed states called: whole, broken and bare endosperm. Taguchi design was used to determine the contribution of the followed parameters: seed state, amount of seed in the extractor, temperature and pressure. It was proved that it is necessary to introduce the whole seed and that the pericarp forms paths that increase the yield extraction. The contribution of the control factors has a yield extraction limit. The complete analysis was done using a surface response methodology giving as result the best parameter for temperature and pressure that allows a better yield mechanical extraction. According to these tests, oil yield can be increased by 35% or even more just by controlling those factors that generate higher variability during the extraction process.