bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bionic Artificial Skin Based on Self‐Healable Ionogel Composites with Tailored Mechanics and Robust Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Manwen , Zhao Lingyu , Tian Feng , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhang Ying , Yang Xin , Huang Wei , Yu Ran
Published: July 2024

Bionic artificial skin which imitates the features and functions of human skin, has broad applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces. However, equipping artificial materials with skin‐like mechanical properties, self‐healing ability, and high sensitivity remains challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of human skin, an artificial skin based on ionogel composites with tailored mechanical properties and robust interface is prepared. Combining finite element analysis and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology, an ionogel composite with a rigid skeleton and an ionogel matrix is precisely designed and fabricated, realizing the mechanical anisotropy and nonlinear mechanical response that accurately mimic human skin. Robust interface is created through co‐curing of the skeleton and matrix resins, significantly enhancing the stability of the composite. The realization of self‐healing ability and resistance to crack growth further ensure the remarkable durability of the artificial skin for sensing application. In summary, the bionic artificial skin mimics the characteristics of human skin, including mechanical anisotropy, nonlinear mechanical response, self‐healing capability, durability and high sensitivity when applied as flexible sensors. These strategies provide strong support for the fabrication of tissue‐like materials with adaptive mechanical behaviors.
AAg2MS4 (A = Na, K, Rb; M = P, As) Nonlinear Optical Series with Unique Cation‐Regulated Highly Anisotropic [AgS4] Hypertetrahedral Layered Framework
Authors: Tang Jian , Yao Aoge , Wu Qian , Tang Chunlan , Wu Jieyun , Kang Lei , Xia Mingjun , Yin Wenlong , Kang Bin , Deng Jianguo
Published: July 2024

Commercial infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are mainly from chalcopyrite‐type AMQ2 (A = Ag, Zn, M = Ga, Ge, Q = S, Se, P) crystals such as AgGaS2 (AGS), AgGaSe2 (AGSe), and ZnGeP2 (ZGP), in which the basic NLO‐active groups are MQ4 tetrahedral units. However, the small anisotropic character of them critical for small birefringence hinders the practical applications in the available IR wavelength range. In this study, a novel strategy for modulating birefringence is proposed using a cation regulation‐driven compressed hypertetrahedral layer approach and a family of AAg2MS4 (A = Na, K, Rb; M = P, As) IR NLO crystals are successfully obtained. Remarkably, the title compounds increase the birefringence to 0.12–0.15, about three times larger than that of AGS (0.04), while they can maintain large bandgaps and strong NLO effects. In addition, they exhibit congruent‐melting properties, beneficial for bulk single crystal growth. The work offers a firsthand access for designing and fabricating high‐performance IR NLO materials.
Advances in Perovskite Single Crystal Thin Films: Synthesis Methods and Applications in Photodetection
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Hechun , Wang Zhaojin , Zhang Yilan , Zhang Guangye , Wang Kai , Ning Cun‐Zheng
Published: July 2024

Halide perovskites have generated tremendous interest for photodetectors (PDs), mainly because of their unique optoelectronic properties, wide wavelength coverage, and facile fabrication process. Perovskite single crystal thin films (SCTFs) characterized by their grain‐boundary‐free structures and thin thickness are expected to enhance the optoelectronic performance and broaden applications of PDs. In this review, the latest progress in perovskite SCTFs is examined, emphasizing main synthesis technologies, strategies for integrating SCTFs within devices, and applications in photodetection. Besides, the classical synthesis methods for perovskite SCTFs are analyzed in detail elucidating the respective advantages and limitations. Moreover, proper integration of perovskite SCTFs into devices is one of the prerequisites for the potential optoelectronic device fabrication, and three main strategies are discussed thoroughly including the transfer of synthesized single crystals for electrode deposition, in situ growth of SCTFs on the electrode/substrate, as well as in situ growth of SCTFs on the transport layer. Along with interface engineering strategies which energized high‐performance SCTF PDs, the applications for high‐performance SCTF PDs including flexible PDs, PD arrays for imaging, and narrowband photodetection are further analyzed. Finally, the future opportunities of perovskite SCTFs are presented, with the expectation of stimulating new ideas and further advances on designs for superior‐performance PDs.
Quantitative Dynamic Structural Color: Dual‐Band Hyperchromatic Sensing with Mesoporous Metamaterials
Authors: Kumar Nithesh , Dos Santos Estevao Marques , Talukdar Tahmid H. , Ryckman Judson D.
Published: July 2024

Dynamic and responsive structural color devices present promising opportunities for sensing and display technologies, with applications including point‐of‐care diagnostics, portable/wearable sensors, and low‐power full‐color displays. However, it is often difficult to generate a large and quantitatively meaningful colorimetric response especially toward weak stimuli. Here, dual‐band hyperchromatic structural color (HSC) is presented as an approach to overcome these challenges. Within this framework, a dual‐band mesoporous silicon rugate filter metamaterial co‐designed is experimentally realized for use with a dichromatic (red/green) illuminant. This is shown to enable an amplified red‐to‐green color transition with a substantially smaller wavelength shift than conventional structural color devices, Δλ ≪ |λG – λR|, as well as a direct quantitative mapping between the observed chromaticity and the input stimulus. This approach is experimentally demonstrated for the spatiotemporally resolved sensing of refractometric stimuli including small‐molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a ≈0.08 nm equivalent spectral resolution. This approach is entirely scanning‐free, enabled by simple color imaging, and does not require advanced spectroscopic (hyperspectral) imaging or interferometric imaging to obtain meaningful quantitative and spatiotemporally resolved information pertaining to the sensor's attributes. These results demonstrate dual‐band HSC as a promising approach for realizing low‐cost and high performance dynamic structural color devices and sensors.
Ferroelasticity in Halide Perovskites Affects Electro‐Optical Properties through Facet Stability
Authors: Veber Noam , Shamaev Betty , Shaek Saar , Massasa Emma H. , Zimmerman Jonathan , Be'er Orr , Levy Shai , Bekenstein Yehonadav
Published: July 2024

Advancements in ferroic materials center upon understanding domain structures and their boundaries. This study innovates by directing the growth of lead halide perovskite microcrystals from the gas phase onto pre‐chosen substrates, thereby inducing an interfacial strain that prompts ferroelasticity‐driven structural transformation. A method of ferroelastic engineering in vapor‐grown perovskite heterostructures is thus unveiled, revealing ordered domain patterns of bright crystals with contrasting electro‐optical properties. In the case of the frustrated halide perovskite crystals, the strain is relaxed by the formation of alternating crystallographic twin domains. In the demonstrated orthorhombic system, these domains alternate between (110) and (002) orientation, with a (112) domain boundary. Perovskite ferroelastic effect with facet stability is correlated, attributed to the exposure of lower surface energy terminations, promoting the material's stability and efficiency. This findings result from direct electrical measurements, which pave the way for the tailored design of ferroic materials, optimizing their optoelectronic characteristics for enhanced device performance.
Three Component Cascade Processes Involving Palladium Catalyzed Transformations/Dipolar Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Angular Heterotriquinane Derivatives
Authors: Jovanovic Predrag , Jovanovic Milos , Petkovic Milos , Simic Milena , Tasic Gordana , Rodic Marko , Rakic Srdjan , Vlahovic Filip , Savic Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Combining chemical reactivities of allenes and oximes created a methodology for the preparation of heterocyclic triquinane‐type skeletons via a cascade process constructing four bonds in a single step. The initial reaction of allene moiety promoted by Pd‐catalysis, affording π‐allyl Pd‐species, was followed by two additional transformations ‐ nucleophilic displacement and dipolar cycloaddition ‐ to furnish the product highly stereoselectively in moderate to good yields. For the process to be efficient, it was necessary to use a dipolarophilic component as a solvent. Intriguingly, while the reaction with cyclopentanone derived oxime progressed through the whole cascade, with cyclohexanone analogue it stopped at the nitrone stage, requiring an additional step to yield similar type of products. Some aspects of the studied cascade were examined by DFT.
Influence of Rhenium Concentration on Charge Doping and Defect Formation in MoS2
Authors: Munson Kyle T. , Torsi Riccardo , Habis Fatimah , Huberich Lysander , Lin Yu‐Chuan , Yuan Yue , Wang Ke , Schuler Bruno , Wang Yuanxi , Asbury John B. , Robinson Joshua A.
Published: July 2024

Substitutionally doped transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are essential for advancing TMD‐based field effect transistors, sensors, and quantum photonic devices. However, the impact of local dopant concentrations and dopant–dopant interactions on charge doping and defect formation within TMDs remains underexplored. Here, a breakthrough understanding of the influence of rhenium (Re) concentration is presented on charge doping and defect formation in MoS2 monolayers grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It is shown that Re‐MoS2 films exhibit reduced sulfur‐site defects, consistent with prior reports. However, as the Re concentration approaches ⪆2 atom%, significant clustering of Re in the MoS2 is observed. Ab Initio calculations indicate that the transition from isolated Re atoms to Re clusters increases the ionization energy of Re dopants, thereby reducing Re‐doping efficacy. Using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, it is shown that Re dopant clustering creates defect states that trap photogenerated excitons within the MoS2 lattice, resulting in broad sub‐gap emission. These results provide critical insights into how the local concentration of metal dopants influences carrier density, defect formation, and exciton recombination in TMDs, offering a novel framework for designing future TMD‐based devices with improved electronic and photonic properties.
Phosphonium Iodide Featuring Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Highly Efficient X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Wei Jun‐Hua , Luo Jian‐Bin , He Zi‐Lin , Peng Qing‐Peng , Chen Jing‐Hua , Zhang Zhi‐Zhong , Guo Xiu‐Xian , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: July 2024

Organic scintillators are praised for their abundant element reserves, facile preparation procedures, and rich structures. However, the weak X‐ray attenuation ability and low exciton utilization efficiency result in unsatisfactory scintillation performance. Herein, a new family of highly efficient organic phosphonium halide salts with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are designed by innovatively adopting quaternary phosphonium as the electron acceptor, while dimethylamine group and halide anions (I−) serve as the electron donor. The prepared butyl(2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenyl)diphenylphosphonium iodide (C4‐I) exhibits bright blue emission and an ultra‐high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 100 %. Efficient charge transfer is realized through the unique n‐π and anion‐π stacking in solid‐state C4‐I. Photophysical studies of C4‐I suggest that the incorporation of I accounts for high intersystem crossing rate (kISC) and reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC), suppressing the intrinsic prompt fluorescence and enabling near‐pure TADF emission at room temperature. Benefitting from the large Stokes shift, high PLQY, efficient exciton utilization, and remarkable X‐ray attenuation ability endowed by I, C4‐I delivers an outstanding light yield of 80721 photons/MeV and a low limit of detection (LoD) of 22.79 nGy ⋅ s−1. This work would provide a rational design concept and open up an appealing road for developing efficient organic scintillators with tunable emission, strong X‐ray attenuation ability, and excellent scintillator performance.
5,18‐Dimesitylorangarin: a Stable Antiaromatic [20]Pentaphyrin(1.0.1.0.0) Displaying Remarkable Oxidative Self‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rao Yutao , Lee Jiyeon , Chen Jinchao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Kim Jiwon , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: July 2024

5,18‐Dimesitylorangarin and its BF2 complex were synthesized by double SNAr reaction of 3,5‐dibromo‐BODIPY with 2‐pyrrolydipyrrin as the first examples of meso‐aryl‐substituted orangarin. These orangarins, delineated as [20]pentaphyrin(1.0.1.0.0), are strongly antiaromatic but rather stable. The free base orangarin was coupled by oxidation with MnO2 to give a 11,11′‐linked dimer, a cyclooctatetraene(COT)‐centered trimer, and a spiro‐trimer. Fused COT‐centered 3H‐orangarin dimer was oxidized to the corresponding 2H‐orangarin dimer, which was further coupled to give a triply COT‐centered 2H‐orangarin tetramer. 3H‐Orangarin oligomers are all antiaromatic as evinced by extremely low‐field‐shifted 1H NMR signals of the inner NH and ill‐defined absorption spectra with broad tails. In contrast, COT‐centered 2H‐orangarin dimer and tetramer show moderately low‐field‐shifted NH signals and intense NIR absorbance over 900 nm, suggesting effective π‐conjugation through the COT bridge and almost non‐antiaromatic character. These orangarin oligomers exhibit many reversible redox potentials owing to the intramolecular electronic interactions. Regardless of the different aromatic characters, all the orangarin monomers and oligomers exhibit very rapid excited‐state decays.
The skull of the semi‐aquatic neotropical lizard Echinosaura horrida (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) reveals new synapomorphies within Gymnophthalmoidea
Authors: Hernández‐Morales Cristian , Ngo Alison , Abdelhadi Leila , Schargel Walter E. , Daza Juan D. , Yánez‐Muñoz Mario H. , Smith Eric N.
Published: July 2024

The rough teiid or water cork lizard (Echinosaura horrida) is a small reptile from Colombia and Ecuador placed in a genus that contains eight species and well‐known phylogenetic relationships. Here we provide a detailed description and illustrations, bone by bone, of its skull, while we discussed its intraspecific variation by comparing high‐resolution computed tomography data from two specimens and the variation within the genus by including previously published data from Echinosaura fischerorum. This allowed to propose putative diagnostic character states for Echinosaura horrida and synapomorphies for Echinosaura. In addition, our discussion includes broader comparisons of new character transformations of the jugal, vomer, orbitosphenoid, and hyoid. These characters are important for diagnosing clades at different levels of the Gymnophthalmoidea phylogeny.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling simulations of new phthalazine‐1,4‐dione derivatives as anti‐Alzheimer's agents
Authors: Nuha Demokrat , Evren Asaf Evrim , Özkan Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık , Gundogdu‐Karaburun Nalan , Karaburun Ahmet Çagri
Published: July 2024

The development of targeted phthalazine‐1,4‐dione acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease involved the synthesis of 32 compounds via a multistage process. Various analytical techniques confirmed the compounds' identities. Thirteen compounds were found to inhibit AChE by more than 50% without affecting butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among these, three compounds, 8m, 8n, and 8p, exhibited extraordinary activity similar to donepezil, a reference AChE inhibitor. During enzyme kinetic studies, compound 8n, displaying the highest AChE inhibitory activity, underwent evaluation at three concentrations (2 × IC50, IC50, and IC50/2). Lineweaver–Burk plots indicated mixed inhibition activity for compound 8n against AChE, suggesting a combination of competitive and noncompetitive characteristics. Additionally, effective derivatives 8m, 8n, and 8p exhibited high blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability in in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay tests. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind to the enzyme's active site residues in a position similar to donepezil. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the protein–ligand system, and the chemical reactivity characteristics of the compounds were investigated using density functional theory. The compounds' wide energy gaps suggest stability and therapeutic potential. This research represents a significant step toward finding a potential cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, further research and testing are required to determine the compounds' safety and efficacy. The unique structure of phthalazine derivatives makes them suitable for various biological activities, and these compounds show promise for developing effective drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the development of these targeted compounds is a crucial advancement in the search for an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic PLCG2 Variant Leading to APLAID Syndrome Responsive to a TNF Inhibitor
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Tao Panfeng , Han Xu , Kozlova Anna , He Tingyan , Volchkov Egor , Nesterenko Zoya , Pershin Dmitryi , Raykina Elena , Fatkhudinov Timur , Korobeynikova Anastasia , Aksentijevich Ivona , Yang Jun , Shcherbina Anna , Zhou Qing , Yu Xiaomin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Autoinflammation and phospholipase C (PLC) γ2–associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease caused by gain‐of‐function variants in PLCG2. This study investigates the pathogenic mechanism of a novel variant of PLCG2 in a patient with APLAID syndrome.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the pathogenic variant in the patient. Single‐cell RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, luciferase assay, inositol monophosphate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, calcium flux assay, quantitative PCR, and immunoprecipitation were used to define inflammatory signatures and evaluate the effects of the PLCG2 variant on protein functionality and immune signaling.

Results

We identified a novel de novo variant, PLCG2 p.D993Y, in a patient with colitis, pansinusitis, skin rash, edema, recurrent respiratory infections, B‐cell deficiencies, and hypogammaglobulinemia. The single‐cell transcriptome revealed exacerbated inflammatory responses in the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression of the D993Y variant in HEK293T, COS‐7, and PLCG2 knock‐out THP‐1 cell lines showed heightened PLCγ2 phosphorylation; elevated inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate production and intracellular Ca2+ release; and activation of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and NFAT signaling pathways compared with control‐transfected cells. In vitro experiments indicated that the D993Y variant altered amino acid properties, disrupting the interaction between the catalytic and autoinhibitory domains of PLCγ2, resulting in PLCγ2 autoactivation.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that the PLCG2 D993Y variant is a gain‐of‐function mutation via impairing its autoinhibition, activating multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, thus leading to APLAID syndrome. This study further broadens the molecular underpinnings and phenotypic spectrum of PLCγ2‐related disorders.
Patient‐reported physical well‐being predicts good long‐term survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lu Yin , You Tao , Ma Qin , Wang Weijuan , Qi Jiaqian , Yang Pan , Song Yaya , Chen Jia , Fu Jianhong , Ge Yongqin , Zhu Xiaming , Wu Depei
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore the association between patient‐reported items at different time points after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and long‐term survival.

Methods

We conducted a study with 144 allogeneic HSCT patients, following them for 5 years post‐transplantation. Data from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT‐BMT) questionnaire were collected before transplantation and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 36, and 60 months after transplantation. Demographic characteristics and survival status were also assessed.

Results

Among the 144 cases, the 5‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), non‐relapse mortality (NRM), and graft‐versus‐host disease‐free (GRFS) rates were 65%, 48%, 17%, and 36% respectively. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) showed a fluctuating pattern over 5 years. Using a latent class mixed model, patients were classified into two groups based on their physical well‐being (PWB) scores during the 60‐month follow‐up. Class 1 had initially lower PWB scores, which gradually increased over time. In contrast, Class 2 maintained higher PWB scores with slight increases over time. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that Class 1 had better OS (70.9% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.021), PFS (60.5% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.039), and GRFS (35.1% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.035) compared to Class 2.

Conclusions

Patients who had higher initial PWB scores after HSCT demonstrated improved long‐term survival outcomes. The PWB score could serve as a valuable predictor for the prognosis of HSCT.
Promoting Effect of Pd Nanoparticles on SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 in the Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction via the Mars–Van Krevelen Mechanism
Authors: Kobayashi Minori , Naniwa Shimpei , Goto Keita , Matsuo Hiroki , Iguchi Shoji , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Teramura Kentaro
Published: July 2024

The reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction serves as a critical pathway for converting CO2 into diverse chemicals. The Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, which leverages lattice oxygen as the oxidant and oxygen vacancies as reductants, offers an alternative catalytic strategy for the selective RWGS reaction. While Mn‐substituted SrTiO3 (i. e., SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3) has been shown to promote the RWGS reaction selectively via the MvK mechanism, achieving a sufficient conversion of CO2 necessitates elevated temperatures. This study investigated the effect of Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 on the activation of adsorbed H2 molecules, which generated oxygen vacancies and enhanced CO2 conversion. Notably, 1.0 wt % Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 yielded 13.4 % of CO at 673 K, whereas pristine SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 and Pd‐loaded SrTiO3 yielded negligible or minimal amount of CO. Hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed that Pd promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies via both thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetic studies revealed that the RWGS reaction over Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 proceeded primarily via the MvK mechanism with a partial contribution from the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. This study underscores the effectiveness of combining metal and MvK‐type catalysts to enhance the efficiency of the RWGS reaction.
Arc plasma‐deposited Co single‐atom catalysts supported on an aligned carbon nanofiber for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis and an electro‐Fenton process
Authors: Hwang Chang‐Kyu , Kim Sooyeon , Yoon Ki Ro , Le Thao Thi , Hoang Chinh V. , Choi Jae Won , Zhang Wenjun , Paek Sae Yane , Lee Chung Hyeon , Lee Ji Hyun , Chae Keun Hwa , Jeong Sohee , Lee Seung Yong , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Kim Sang Hoon , Han Sang Soo , Kim Jong Min
Published: July 2024

Atomically dispersed single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on carbon supports show great promise for H2O2 electrosynthesis, but conventional wet chemistry methods using particulate carbon blacks in powder form have limited their potential as two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Here, we demonstrate high‐performance Co SACs supported on a free‐standing aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) using electrospinning and arc plasma deposition (APD). Based on the surface oxidation treatment of aligned CNF and precise control of the deposition amount in a dry‐based APD process, we successfully form densely populated Co SACs on aligned CNF. Through experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations, we reveal that Co SAC has a Co–N2–O2 moiety with one epoxy group, leading to excellent 2e− ORR activity. Furthermore, the aligned CNF significantly improves mass transfer in flow cells compared to randomly oriented CNF, showing an overpotential reduction of 30 mV and a 1.3‐fold improvement (84.5%) in Faradaic efficiency, and finally achieves an outstanding production rate of 15.75 mol gcat−1 h−1 at 300 mA cm−2. The high‐performance Co SAC supported on well‐aligned CNF is also applied in an electro‐Fenton process, demonstrating rapid removal of methylene blue and bisphenol F due to its exceptional 2e− ORR activity.
Biocatalysis in Non‐Conventional Media: Unlocking the Potential for Sustainable Chiral Amine Synthesis
Authors: Cananà Stefania , De Nardi Federica , Blangetti Marco , Parisotto Stefano , Prandi Cristina
Published: July 2024

The application of biocatalysis has become essential in both academic and industrial domains for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines, and it serves as an alternative tool to transition‐metal catalysis and complements traditional chemical methods. It relies on the swift expansion of available processes, primarily as a result of advanced tools for enzyme discovery, combined with high‐throughput laboratory evolution techniques for optimizing biocatalysts. This concept paper explores the utilization of non‐conventional media such as ether‐type solvents, deep eutectic solvents, and micellar catalysis to enhance biocatalytic reactions for chiral amine synthesis. Each section focuses on the unique properties of these media, including their ability to stabilize enzymes, alter substrate solubility, and modulate enzyme selectivity. The paper aims to provide insights into how these innovative media can overcome traditional limitations, offering new avenues for sustainable and efficient chiral amine production through biocatalytic processes.
Heterogenization of Ionic Liquid on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Lead(II) Ion Detection
Authors: Soni Abhishek , Singh Dilbag , Gupta Neeraj
Published: July 2024

The presence of lead(II) ion poses a significant threat to water systems due to their toxicity and potential health hazards. The detection of Pb2+ ions in contaminated water is very crucial. The ionic liquid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (IL@MWCNT) nanocomposite was fabricated using ionic liquid (IL) 1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐imidazolium chloride and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for detection of lead(II) ions. It is a novel method to heterogenize the layer of IL on the surface of MWCNTs. The XPS and FTIR analyses confirm that the ionic liquid is not decomposed during annealing process. Moreover, the XRD analysis shows the presence of MWCNTs and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The HRTEM results exhibit the aggregation of MWCNTs with IL, and formation of small distorted round shaped flakes of CQDs. Further, the successful heterogenization of IL on the surface of MWCNTs is also confirmed by TGA‐DSC analysis. The quenching phenomenon of nanocomposite was observed by UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The nanocomposite exhibits high performance for the selective detection of lead(II) ions in comparison to other metal ions. The presence of lead(II) ions eventually reduced the intensity of absorption. A limit of detection (LOD) of 9.16 nM was attained for Pb2+ ions in a concentration range of 0–20 nM.
Galvanostatic Electroshock Synthesis of Low Loading Au−Pt Nanoalloys Onto Gas Diffusion Electrodes as Multifunctional Electrocatalysts for a Glycerol‐Fed Electrolyzer
Authors: Hagheh Kavousi Zahra , Abdallah Layal , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Bonniol Valerie , Rebiere Bertrand , Cornu David , Bechelany Mikhael , Holade Yaovi
Published: July 2024

Water electrolysis is increasingly considered a viable solution for meeting the world′s growing energy demands and mitigating environmental issues. An inventive strategy to mitigate the energy requirements involves substituting the energy‐intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with biomass‐derived glycerol electrooxidation. Nonetheless, the synthesis of electrocatalysts for controlling the selectivity towards added‐value chemicals at the anode and efficient H2 generation at the cathode remains a critical bottleneck. Herein, we implemented a galvanostatic electroshock synthesis approach to control the reduction kinetics of Au(III) and Pt(IV) to grow ultra‐low amount of gold‐platinum alloys on a gas diffusion electrode (12–26 μgmetal cm−2) for glycerol‐fed hydroxide anion exchange membrane based electrolyzer. The symmetric GDE‐Au100–xPtx||GDE‐Au100–xPtx systems showed a notable improvement in electrolyzer performance (GDE‐Au64Pt36=201 mA cm−2) as compared to monometallic versions (GDE‐Au100Pt0=18 mA cm−2, GDE‐Au0Pt100=81 mA cm−2). Chromatography (HPLC) analysis underscores the critical importance of bulk electrolysis methodology (galvanostatic vs potentiostatic) for the efficient conversion of glycerol into high‐value‐added products. Regarding the electrical energy required to produce 1 kg of H2 for such an electrolyzer fed at the anode with glycerol, our results confirm a drastic decrease by a factor of at least two compared with conventional water electrolysis.
Efficient multicast forwarding in low power and lossy networks under RPL non‐storing mode
Authors: Jaisooraj Jayakumar , Madhu Kumar Sankaran Divakaran
Published: July 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to find novel applications across various domains. These applications require the support of efficient communication protocols in the Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The development of efficient multicast protocols is one such area that requires critical research attention. Efficient multicast protocols are especially important in the non‐storing mode of IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL), considering its applicability in real‐world IoT applications. However, the development of non‐storing RPL multicast protocols needs to handle the intricacies associated with source routing. Addressing these issues, this paper presents a novel multicast protocol named Multicast Forwarding in LLNs under Non‐storing mode (MFLN). MFLN uses Bloom Filters to minimize the overhead that comes with source routing. While retaining the best features of multicast protocols operating in the storing mode of RPL such as bidirectional traffic and cross‐layer optimization with ContikiMAC, MFLN also includes a novel metric named Mode Selection Metric (MSM) to decide the suitable link‐layer forwarding method. MSM makes this decision based on the ability of a node, in terms of its residual energy, to perform multiple link‐layer unicasts. Thus, MFLN saves the node battery from running out and at the same time reduces the duplicate packets created due to link‐layer broadcasts. The simulations conducted using Contiki‐COOJA indicate considerable improvements in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption per delivered packet, packet transmissions, end‐to‐end delay, and normalized routing overhead for the proposed protocol.
Optimizing energy harvesting with diversity in cooperative simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems
Authors: Singh Shweta , Kumar Rahul , Priya S. , Choudhury Mridusmita Roy , Ravi Vinayakumar , Gururaj H. L.
Published: July 2024

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) for wireless networks provides a green and sustainable solution and offers an energy‐efficient system. It is most crucial for fulfilling the power requirement of the rising number of low‐powered wireless devices and achieving sustainable development goals (SDG). It ensures the longevity of devices in the network even at inaccessible remote locations. Such RF‐EH‐based mechanisms are utilized in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. Most of the prevailing studies have analyzed the SWIPT system over conventional fading channels. However, due to the higher rate requirements, the current paradigm shift in frequency usage shifts towards the GHz band, which also offers better EH efficiency. Hence, SWIPT system analysis over the channel that is suitable for mm‐wave signal propagation is dealt with in this study. This study evaluates SWIPT performance over fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) fading channel that is crucial since it provides the best fit for characterizing GHz signal and also provides a generalized framework for most of the conventional fading channels. This study presents new analytical results assuming time switch relaying (TSR) protocol with (i) amplify and forward (AF) and (ii) decode and forward (DF) relaying. The results are also analyzed for H branches maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity technique and evaluated the diversity gain for both AF and DF relays. The effectiveness of the system is measured in terms of system outage probability (SOP) to envisage the reliability of SWIPT based system. This work presents the simulation and modeling of such system and its obtained results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations for their accuracy.
Design and performance analysis of L‐slotted MIMO antenna with improved isolation using defected ground structure for S‐band satellite application
Authors: Suganya E. , Prabhu T. , Palanisamy Satheeshkumar , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: July 2024

The increasing prevalence of MIMO technology in wireless communication networks is attributed to its ability to augment system capacity and dependability. Consequently, there is a notable enthusiasm for the advancement and implementation of S‐band applications. Nevertheless, the mutual coupling between numerous antennas presents a crucial obstacle to MIMO system performance. This paper presents a novel technique that utilizes a defective ground structure with parasitic components to increase antenna isolation and gain. Additionally, an L‐shaped slot is incorporated into the patch element to enhance the antennas impedance bandwidth. Antennas are intentionally placed in a perpendicular arrangement to minimize the impact of the coupling effects. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth in the frequency range of 2.62–2.79 GHz. Furthermore, the utilization of a four‐element MIMO antenna setup with a defective ground structure yields outstanding isolation properties, with values notably lower than −25 dB. To achieve an optimal MIMO performance, we assessed various diversity parameters, including diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and envelope correlation coefficient. The parameter values were within acceptable limits (ECC < 0.04, DG = 10 dB, TARC < 0 dB, and CCL < 0.1 bits/s/Hz). This research paper therefore offers essential insights into the design and optimization of MIMO antennas specifically for 2.7 GHz applications.
Building living systematic reviews and reporting standards for comparative microscopic analysis of white diseases in hard corals
Authors: Page C. E. , Anderson E. , Ainsworth T. D.
Published: July 2024

Over the last 4 decades, coral disease research has continued to provide reports of diseases, the occurrence and severity of disease outbreaks and associated disease signs. Histology using systematic protocols is a gold standard for the microscopic assessment of diseases in veterinary and medical research, while also providing valuable information on host condition. However, uptake of histological analysis for coral disease remains limited. Increasing disease outbreaks on coral reefs as human impacts intensify highlights a need to understand the use of histology to date in coral disease research. Here, we apply a systematic approach to collating, mapping and reviewing histological methods used to study coral diseases with ‘white’ signs (i.e., white diseases) in hard coral taxa and map research effort in this field spanning study design, sample processing and analysis in the 33 publications identified between 1984 and 2022. We find that studies to date have not uniformly detailed methodologies, and terminology associated with reporting and disease description is inconsistent between studies. Combined these limitations reduce study repeatability, limiting the capacity for researchers to compare disease reports. A primary outcome of this study is the provision of transparent and repeatable protocols for systematically reviewing literature associated with white diseases of hard coral taxa, and development of recommendations for standardised reporting procedures with the aim of increasing uptake of histology in addition to allowing for ongoing comparative analysis through living systematic reviews for the coral disease field.
Counteractive effects of predator invasion and habitat destruction on predator–prey systems
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Linying , Yang Yinghui , Liu Haoqi
Published: July 2024

Alien species invasion and habitat destruction are among the primary threats to native animal communities, particularly for native predator–prey systems. However, when predator invasion and habitat destruction co‐occur, it remains unclear whether their respective threats to native systems compensate each other or accumulate, as well as how these effects respond to the different characteristics of predator invasion and habitat destruction. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model with one prey species and one predator species and exposed it to invasive predators and habitat destruction with different properties. The results revealed the following insights: (1) Habitat destruction can compensate threats to native predator–prey systems from global predator invasion only when native predators possess predation capability similar to those of the invaders. In other scenarios, cumulative effects arise from predator invasion and habitat destruction. (2) Low levels of habitat destruction occurring at a faster rate, in conjunction with a substantial number of global invasive predators being present, can better compensate their respective threats to native predator–prey systems than the other scenarios. These findings provide valuable insights into situations where habitat destruction and alien species invasion coincide. They raise the question of whether we can leverage the interaction between them to reduce threats to biodiversity.
A reproducible workflow for assembling the mitochondrial genome of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Homchan Somjit , Kutanan Wibhu , Gupta Yash Munnalal
Published: July 2024

In this study, we report the assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Acheta domesticus from breeding facility, a species commonly known as the house cricket. This species is considered to be an important edible cricket. The mitogenome was assembled using a reproducible protocol implemented on the Galaxy Europe Server, which involved uploading paired‐end fastq reads for bioinformatic analysis. The resulting mitogenome is 15,784 base pairs in length and has a GC content of 29.05%. The nucleotide composition of this mitogenome is similar to that of other insect mitogenomes, with A, T, C, and G nucleotides comprising 39.2%, 31.7%, 19.6%, and 9.5% of the mitogenome, respectively. The gene organization of the A. domesticus mitogenome is identical to that of other cricket species. The mitogenome consists of 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The congruence between PCA and Bayesian evolutionary tree analysis in clustering the divergent A. domesticus sequences highlights these genomes as candidates for further study to elucidate their distinct features and evolutionary history.
Multiparametric right ventricular assessment improves risk stratification in patients with new‐onset acute heart failure
Authors: Astengo Marco , Bobbio Emanuele , Polte Christian Lars , Täll Eric , Bollano Entela , Bech‐Hanssen Odd
Published: July 2024

Aims

Risk stratification of patients with new‐onset acute heart failure (AHF) is important but remains challenging. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of a new multiparameter right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) score.

Methods and results

Patients (n = 210) hospitalized due to new‐onset AHF between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Mean age was 56 ± 10 years, 24% were female and median left ventricular ejection fraction was 28% (interquartile range 20; 34%). The RVD score, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and fractional area change (FAC) were determined at index hospitalization and after therapy titration. The 4‐point RVD score included reduced TAPSE, right ventricular enlargement, moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation and increased central venous pressure. The study endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality, left ventricular assist device implantation, and heart transplantation. After 60 months median follow‐up time, 53 (25%) patients met the endpoint. At index hospitalization, there were no significant differences in any echocardiographic parameter between patients with and without the endpoint. After therapy titration, there were differences in TAPSE (16 vs. 19 mm, P = 0.001), FAC (33 vs. 40%, P < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with RVD score ≥2 (36 vs. 4%, P < 0.001). The presence of RVD despite therapy titration had different impact on survival depending on the parameter considered: the proportion of patients free from events after 1 year was 87% in patients with TAPSE <17 mm, 89% in patients with FAC <35% and 65% in patients with RVD score ≥2. In a multivariable analysis, RVD score ≥2 after therapy titration, but not TAPSE <17 mm or FAC < 35%, remained associated with a higher risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 3.11, 95% confidence interval 1.44–6.74).

Conclusions

A novel multiparametric RVD score might improve prognostic stratification in patients with new‐onset AHF. RVD after therapy titration, but not at index hospitalization is associated with a higher risk of the composite endpoint.
Carbonyl‐Alkyne Metathesis Reactions Catalyzed by Organic Halogen‐Bond Donors
Authors: Arndt Thiemo , Ghazi Zahedi Hooman , Breugst Martin
Published: July 2024

The carbonyl‐alkyne metathesis reaction is a powerful method for the synthesis of a,b‐unsaturated carbonyls. We now report on the development of a halogen‐bond catalyzed protocol for both the intra‐ and intermolecular reaction. Our studies revealed that methanol is a highly efficient solvent and that a very broad range of functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies support the proposed halogen‐bond interaction. Furthermore, the halogen‐bond protocol is compared with other available catalytic systems for these reactions.
Study of Budding Snubber Quality Deterioration in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell‐Fed Inverter Used in Microgrid Energy Conversion
Authors: Ghosh Sankha Subhra , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Banerjee Sujata , Das Arabinda
Published: July 2024

One of the biggest issues today is generating energy in a way that is clean, effective, and environmentally benign. The most crucial part of an integrated grid‐connected system is the grid inverter. Budding snubber quality deterioration in the microgrid (MG) inverters is a very critical issue. Snubbers are essential components in power electronic circuits. Snubbers increase efficiency and reliability while also enhancing circuit performance, enabling greater switching frequencies. Herein, a nascent snubber resistance fault (NSF) detection technique in a three‐phase inverter (3PhI) connected with the solid oxide fuel cell used in MG applications is presented. For fault detection, an investigation is conducted using the fast Fourier transform to the inverter output current signal. The investigation is done on the effect of different percentages of snubber resistance fault in the inverter on the zero‐frequency component, fundamental current component, total harmonic distortion factor, and the subharmonic current components of the inverter current. Depending on the best‐fit parameters, an attempt is made to successfully detect the 3PhI NSF. An algorithm is proposed for NSF detection. Furthermore, this investigation's distinctive contribution and comparative analysis are presented.
Assessing predictability of environmental time series with statistical and machine learning models
Authors: Bonas Matthew , Datta Abhirup , Wikle Christopher K. , Boone Edward L. , Alamri Faten S. , Hari Bhava Vyasa , Kavila Indulekha , Simmons Susan J. , Jarvis Shannon M. , Burr Wesley S. , Pagendam Daniel E. , Chang Won , Castruccio Stefano
Published: July 2024

The ever increasing popularity of machine learning methods in virtually all areas of science, engineering and beyond is poised to put established statistical modeling approaches into question. Environmental statistics is no exception, as popular constructs such as neural networks and decision trees are now routinely used to provide forecasts of physical processes ranging from air pollution to meteorology. This presents both challenges and opportunities to the statistical community, which could contribute to the machine learning literature with a model‐based approach with formal uncertainty quantification. Should, however, classical statistical methodologies be discarded altogether in environmental statistics, and should our contribution be focused on formalizing machine learning constructs? This work aims at providing some answers to this thought‐provoking question with two time series case studies where selected models from both the statistical and machine learning literature are compared in terms of forecasting skills, uncertainty quantification and computational time. Relative merits of both class of approaches are discussed, and broad open questions are formulated as a baseline for a discussion on the topic.
Stark Warning Earth Rapidly Closing in on Paris Agreement Emission Thresholds
Authors: Cartwright Echo D.
Published: July 2024

Abnormally high record‐setting temperatures which began in 2023 have now marked a one‐year continuous trend worldwide, with May 2024 being the hottest May ever recorded. Surpassing the 1.5° Celsius (C) warming threshold for a consecutive 12 months, scientists are increasing their warning of continued extreme heat waves that are pushing Earth towards a dangerous threshold.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclopropenes to 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Smyrnov Vladyslav , Homassel Antonin , Choudhury Leander , Waser Jerome
Published: July 2024

Herein we report a platinum‐catalyzed isomerization of cyclopropenes to 1,3‐dienes. Diverse dienylated alcohols were obtained in 42–98 % yield. The synthetic potential of the products was demonstrated by their use in Diels–Alder cycloadditions with various dienophiles. Isotope labelling studies provide strong support for a mechanism involving pericyclic [1,5]‐σ‐bond rearrangement of a vinyl platinum carbene intermediate.