bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of multi-model ensemble of general circulation models for the simulation of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature based on spatial assessment metrics
Authors: Ahmed Kamal , Sachindra Dhanapala A. , Shahid Shamsuddin , Demirel Mehmet C. , Chung Eun-Sung
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The climate modelling community has trialled a large
number of metrics for evaluating the temporal performance of general circulation
models (GCMs), while very little attention has been given to the assessment
of their spatial performance, which is equally important. This study
evaluated the performance of 36 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5
(CMIP5) GCMs in relation to their skills in simulating mean annual, monsoon,
winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon precipitation and maximum and minimum
temperature over Pakistan using state-of-the-art spatial metrics, SPAtial
EFficiency, fractions skill score, Goodman–Kruskal's lambda, Cramer's V,
Mapcurves, and Kling–Gupta efficiency, for the period 1961–2005. The
multi-model ensemble (MME) precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature
data were generated through the intelligent merging of simulated
precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature of selected GCMs employing
random forest (RF) regression and simple mean (SM) techniques. The results indicated
some differences in the ranks of GCMs for different spatial metrics. The
overall ranks indicated NorESM1-M, MIROC5, BCC-CSM1-1, and ACCESS1-3 as the
best GCMs in simulating the spatial patterns of mean annual, monsoon,
winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon precipitation and maximum and minimum
temperature over Pakistan. MME precipitation and maximum and minimum
temperature generated based on the best-performing GCMs showed more
similarities with observed precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature
compared to precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature simulated by
individual GCMs. The MMEs developed using RF displayed better performance
than the MMEs based on SM. Multiple spatial metrics have been used for the
first time for selecting GCMs based on their capability to mimic the spatial
patterns of annual and seasonal precipitation and maximum and minimum
temperature. The approach proposed in the present study can be extended to
any number of GCMs and climate variables and applicable to any region for
the suitable selection of an ensemble of GCMs to reduce uncertainties in
climate projections.
The Power Struggle along the US-Mexico Border: A Space of Dehumanization and of Assertion of Justice
Authors: Romero Meza Mónica Socorro
Published: November 2019

The article explores the power relations between the US immigration policy and the practices of faith-based organizations at the US-Mexico border through qualitative methods. It studies how high-level technologies implemented at the border reduce migrants to mere targets, stripping them out from their human value. It also analyzes the experiences of three faith-based organizations located at Tijuana and San Diego to understand how their humanitarian work changes the normal perception of the border as a space that only serves the purpose of the State. I argue that despite of the violence lived almost every day at the border-heightened by the implementation of military techniques- undocumented migrants can momentarily find moments of peace and justice.
Network-Based Simulation of Air Pollution Emissions Associated with Truck Operations
Authors: Cho Joongkoo , Hu Weihong
Published: November 2019

Estimating greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other emissions (especially diesel particulates) is an increasingly important basis for regional policy analysis. According to the EPA (2010a), the transportation sector contributed 27.2% of total GHG emissions in 2008, and 50% of these were from truck operations. This research focuses on estimating GHGs and other emissions (e.g., PM) from freight movements on roads in California as well as the concurrent effects of various mitigation scenarios. The study demonstrates that interregional freight flow data, along with FAF data can be important data sources for emission models. The results are useful not only for estimating GHGs and other emissions based on estimated freight flows, but also for evaluating area-specific environmental impacts of policy alternatives. The analysis shows that emissions impacts vary by study area as well as by policy. A policy alternative that has a significant impact in a specific area may have a trivial impact in a broader region. Also, an emissions reduction in one area may be because of emissions increases in another area. Therefore, it is important to simulate possible emissions impacts by applying a spatially disaggregated model to help decision makers weigh alternatives. The study can also be applied for analyzing environmental justice when the emission results are disaggregated into small areas.
Comprehensive Equity Analysis of Mileage-Based User Fees: Taxation and Expenditures for Roadways and Transit
Authors: Carlton Justin , Burris Mark
Published: November 2019

Using National Household Travel Survey data and information collected from over 100 agencies, transportation-related taxation and expenditures were assigned to individual households in the Houston Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA). Using Gini Coefficients and Theil Indices, the research demonstrated that implementation of a Mileage Based User Fee (MBUF) would not have a pronounced effect on the current distribution of what households pay versus what they receive in transportation expenditures. The relative winners are rural and high income urban households, while the relative losers are all other urban households.
Income and Exchange Rate Sensitivities of Cross-Border Freight Flows: Evidence from U.S.-Canada Exports and Imports
Authors: Chi Junwook
Published: November 2019

by Junwook ChiThis paper aims to improve understanding of the long-run impacts of the gross domestic product (GDP), real exchange rate, and the producer price index (PPI) on U.S.-Canada bilateral freight flows in a dynamic framework. Special attention is given to cross-border exports and imports by truck, rail, pipeline, and air. Using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FM-OLS) approach, the paper finds that the GDP of the importing country is a pronounced factor influencing U.S.-Canada cross-border trade, suggesting that economic growth of the country is a powerful driver in the relative intensity of bilateral freight flows. The real exchange rate tends to be positively associated with U.S. imports, but negatively associated with U.S. exports, indicating that the U.S. dollar depreciation against the Canadian dollar increases demand for U.S. commodities in Canada, but weakens demand for Canadian commodities in the United States. The long-run effects of the selected economic variables on cross-border exports and imports are found to vary by mode of transportation. The Canadian GDP has a positive and significant effect on U.S. freight exports by all transportation modes, but U.S. exports by pipeline are more sensitive to a change in Canadian GDP than U.S. exports by truck and rail. The findings in this paper provide important policy and managerial implications for cross-border transportation planning in the United States and Canada.
Factors Contributing to Police Attendance at Motor Vehicle Crash Scenes
Authors: Tay Richard , Kattan Lina , Bai Yuan
Published: November 2019

Police attendance at a motor vehicle crash scene is important for investigating the causes of crashes, reducing secondary crashes, managing traffic, and reducing congestion. However, very little research has been conducted to examine the factors contributing to the likelihood of police attendance. This study hypothesizes that the policies of the police services concerned, convenience and comfort, and expectations of injuries or driver violations will increase the likelihood of police attendance at a crash scene. This conceptual framework is supported by the results from fitting a logistic regression model to crash data from the City of Calgary in Alberta, Canada.
State Variation in Railroad Wheat Rates
Authors: Babcock Michael W. , McKamey Matthew , Gayle Phillip
Published: November 2019

Wheat shippers in the Central Plains states have no cost effective transportation alternative to railroads. Wheat produced in these areas moves long distances to domestic processing and consumption locations or to ports for export. Wheat shippers in the Great Plains don’t have direct access to barge loading locations and trucks provide no intermodal competition for these movements. Wheat shippers in Montana and North Dakota are highly dependent on rail transport because they are distant from barge loading locations and intra-railroad competition is limited. In North Dakota, the BNSF controls 78% of the Class I rail mileage, and in Montana, the BNSF controls 94%. Montana ships nearly 100% of its wheat by rail.Unlike Montana and North Dakota, the BNSF and UP have roughly equal track mileage in Kansas. The BNSF has 44% of the Class I rail mileage and the UP, 55%. Also, both railroads serve the major Kansas grain storage and market centers. A 2010 USDA study found that in 1988, Montana and North Dakota had the highest rail grain revenue per ton-mile of the 10 major grain producing states. By 2007 this was no longer the case. The overall objective of the paper is to investigate railroad pricing behavior for the shipment of North Dakota, Kansas, and Montana wheat. Specific objectives include (1) develop a model to measure the impacts of railroad costs and competition on rail wheat rates for North Dakota, Kansas, and Montana, (2) identify and measure the major cost determinants of rail wheat prices, and (3) measure intermodal competition by comparing rail wheat rates in captive markets (Montana and North Dakota) to one with more intermodal competition (Kansas). The results indicate that there is little difference in average Montana and Kansas rail wheat rates per ton-mile. However, North Dakota average railroad wheat prices per-ton mile are higher than average Kansas rates per ton-mile.
Canada’s Grain Handling and Transportation System: A GIS-based Evaluation of Potential Policy Changes
Authors: Gleim Savannah , Nolan James
Published: November 2019

This research re-examines both transportation allocation and infrastructure capacity problems associated with moving grain from the Western Canada to export position. The analysis is conducted with geographic information system software using grain industry data. In contrast with historical grain industry logistics methods, the analysis and simulation framework allows us to re-examine logistic solutions in this vast supply chain in the interest of improving overall delivery efficiency. In addition, we find that rail network capacity should not constrain any major expansion of grain movement in the system over the foreseeable future.
Paravaginal female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin mimicking vaginal spindle cell epithelioma on biopsy
Authors: Yu Ryan , Courteau Brigitte , Rebello Ryan , Lytwyn Alice , Sur Monalisa , Alowami Salem
Published: November 2019

Female adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin (FATWO) is a tumor of low malignant potential that arises predominantly in the broad ligament, mesosalpinx, and ovarian hilus. The rarity of FATWO increases its susceptibility to misdiagnosis as other tumors, especially when it occurs at an unusual site. We report a 29-year-old woman with a 7.2 cm left paravaginal FATWO that invaded into the vaginal lumen. The initial biopsy demonstrated features suggestive of vaginal spindle cell epithelioma, but with increased Ki67 proliferation index. Pathologists should be aware that the common sieve-like architecture of FATWO may not be apparent on small biopsies, which by sampling error may demonstrate predominantly the less common spindle cell architecture. Awareness of FATWO in the differential diagnosis of paravaginal tumors may help to avoid misinterpretation as vaginal spindle cell epithelioma, a previously unappreciated pitfall in the diagnosis of FATWO.
Effects of Acute Low-Salinity Stress on the Activities of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathiones-Transferase (GST) in Scapharca broughtonii
Authors: Wu Biao , Yang Aiguo , Yan Jingkai , Liu Zhihong , Sun Xiujun , Zhou Liqing , Zhang Guangming
Published: November 2019

Salinity is an important environmental factor of osmotic pressure which is closely related to growth and development of aquatic organisms. Some physiological studies regarding to challenge of salinity have been reported in marine shellfish. However, information about the effects of acute low-salinity stress on the enzyme activities in ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii, is still limited now. In this study, the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathiones-transferase (GST) in five tested tissues of S. broughtonii under different salinity (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30‰) for different challenged time (24, 48, 72 and 96h) were investigated. The dynamic change of the three enzyme activities after challenged were further analyzed according to the detected data. Results revealed that low-salinity stress generated great change of CAT, SOD and GST activities in organism, but the change peculiarity in different tissues was different in some degree. Especially, two of the five tissues, hepatopancreas and foot, showed special characteristics responding to the low-salinity stress. It also showed that the variations of the three enzymes activities have tissue specificity and time sequentiality in S. broughtonii.
The Effects of Money Laundering on Monetary Markets Introduction
Authors: Abu-Orabi Marwan Mohammad Aboel-Majeed , Al Abbadi Abeer F.A.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of money laundering on: the competition in the financial and monetary markets, the stability of the investment sector in Jordan, the ability of the government to control the monetary policies in Jordan, the attraction of foreign investments to the markets in Jordan and the Jordanian dinar exchange rates. A survey of the components and sample of the study population, composed of employees of the Central Bank of Jordan and the Audit Bureau, was used. A questionnaire was developed as a tool for the study, distributed to the study sample of (35).

The study concludes that: Money laundering has a massive effect on monetary markets, competition in the financial and monetary markets, the government’s capability to control monetary policies, the investment sector’s stability, attracting foreign investments for the marketplace, and Jordanian Dinar’s exchange rate. Depending on the results of the study, the researcher recommends Introducing laws and regulations to combat money laundering, fostering the role judicial authorities, empowering prohibiting and punishment of involved financial institutions, confiscating of funds, punishing perpetrators, and developing legal procedures that regulate banks’, financial institutions’ and companies’ activities.

 
Extracellular vesicles induced by intravenously administered syngeneic red blood cells modulate macrophage phagocytic activity in mouse humoral immunity*
Authors: Nazimek Katarzyna , Nowak Bernadeta , Wąsik Magdalena , Ptak Włodzimierz , Bryniarski Krzysztof
Published: November 2019

Aim: Phagocytosing macrophages are involved in the induction of humoral immunity to corpuscular antigens. Recently, we demonstrated that B cell response to haptenated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) could be suppressed by extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by suppressor T cells activated through intravenous administration of a high dose of syngeneic mouse red blood cells (sMRBC). However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of sMRBC-induced EVs on macrophages involved in activation of humoral immunity remained unclear. Thus, the current studies aimed at investigating the phagocytic and antigen-presenting activity of macrophages treated with sMRBC-induced EVs. Material/Methods: Mouse thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages were treated with sMRBC-induced EVs and then pulsed with either native or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated SRBC. Afterwards, macrophages were, respectively, administered intraperitoneally into naive recipients or subjected to flow cytometric analysis. The elicited humoral immune response was evaluated in plaque forming and haemagglutination assays. Results: Decreased number of B cells secreting SRBC-specific antibodies was shown in spleens of mouse recipients of SRBC-pulsed macrophages pretreated with sMRBC-induced EVs along with an increased ratio of IgM to IgG serum antibodies. Furthermore, pretreatment of macrophages with sMRBC-induced EVs reduced their phagocytic activity and expression of costimulatory molecules involved in antigen phagocytosis and presentation. Conclusions: Current research findings demonstrated the impaired ability of macrophages to activate B cells due to the action of sMRBC-induced EVs, which may play a role in suppressing self-reactive B cells. Thus, our results seem to have translational potential in development of therapeutic strategies to prevent the macrophage-induced humoral immunity against nonpathogenic antigens.
Ústavní právo a státověda v proměnách času
Authors: Svatoň Jan
Published: November 2019

Stručné pojednání o vývoji oboru ústavního práva a státovědy na Právnické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity od roku 1919, jeho hlavní představitelích a vyučovaných předmětech.
Právo životního prostředí a pozemkové právo v hledáčku uplynutých (padesáti) let… a trochu i z pohledu budoucí perspektivy
Authors: Průchová Ivana
Published: November 2019

Příspěvek je věnován vývoji pozemkového práva a práva životního prostředí v podmínkách Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity (dříve Univerzity Jana Evangelisty Purkyně). A to v oblasti pedagogické a ve stěžejních směrech též vědecko-výzkumné s tím, že zmiňuje i jejich význam pro společenskou praxi. Pozornost je věnována i jejich vzájemným vztahům a jejich roli ve studijním programu oboru právo a právní věda, a to i z pohledu budoucí perspektivy. Zmiňuje představitele těchto oborů a jejich přínos pro jejich rozvoj. Celé pojednání je ovlivněno tím, že se jedná o pohled člověka, který se jimi profesně zabývá téměř 40 let.
Updates in Treatment Strategies for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Advani Ranjana H.
Published: November 2019

Several options are available for frontline treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and treatment of relapsed HL, each with inherent advantages and disadvantages. Clinicians must balance risk with benefit for the individual patient. At the NCCN 2019 Annual Congress: Hematologic Malignancies, Dr. Ranjana H. Advani summarized the current frontline treatment options for advanced-stage HL and outlined novel and emerging agents that may be incorporated as therapy options for relapsed disease.
Evolution of Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Castillo Jorge J.
Published: November 2019

With so many recent advances in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, keeping abreast with current treatment recommendations can be challenging. Novel immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and nuclear export inhibitors have all been added to the armamentarium, and the choice of which of these drugs or drug combinations to use depends on individual disease-related and patient-related factors, previous therapies, and treatment toxicities. At the NCCN 2019 Annual Congress: Hematologic Malignancies, Dr. Jorge J. Castillo provided an overview of the myriad treatments available for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, as well as therapies on the horizon.
Optimizing First-Line Therapy for Follicular Lymphoma: Is It Time for Chemotherapy-Free Approaches?
Authors: Fisher Richard I.
Published: November 2019

Over the past several decades, tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of follicular lymphoma. The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy led to significant improvements in survival in the 1990s. Current standard of care in advanced-stage, previously untreated follicular lymphoma is rituximab plus chemotherapy, sometimes followed by rituximab maintenance. Now, as more research is conducted in the field of chemotherapy-free treatment, Dr. Richard I. Fisher discussed the importance of carefully constructed phase II or III trials at the NCCN 2019 Annual Congress: Hematologic Malignancies. He maintained that a nonchemotherapy treatment regimen comprising rituximab + lenalidomide can be considered in carefully selected patients, and that it is currently the only chemotherapy-free treatment that should be recommended.
Novel genetic loci affecting facial shape variation in humans
Authors: Xiong Ziyi , Dankova Gabriela , Howe Laurence J , Lee Myoung Keun , Hysi Pirro G , de Jong Markus A , Zhu Gu , Adhikari Kaustubh , Li Dan , Li Yi , Pan Bo , Feingold Eleanor , Marazita Mary L , Shaffer John R , McAloney Kerrie , Xu Shu-Hua , Jin Li , Wang Sijia , de Vrij Femke MS , Lendemeijer Bas , Richmond Stephen , Zhurov Alexei , Lewis Sarah , Sharp Gemma C , Paternoster Lavinia , Thompson Holly , Gonzalez-Jose Rolando , Bortolini Maria Catira , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Gallo Carla , Poletti Giovanni , Bedoya Gabriel , Rothhammer Francisco , Uitterlinden André G , Ikram M Arfan , Wolvius Eppo , Kushner Steven A , Nijsten Tamar EC , Palstra Robert-Jan TS , Boehringer Stefan , Medland Sarah E , Tang Kun , Ruiz-Linares Andres , Martin Nicholas G , Spector Timothy D , Stergiakouli Evie , Weinberg Seth M , Liu Fan , Kayser Manfred ,   On behalf of the International Visible Trait Genetics (VisiGen) Consortium
Published: November 2019

The human face represents a combined set of highly heritable phenotypes, but knowledge on its genetic architecture remains limited, despite the relevance for various fields. A series of genome-wide association studies on 78 facial shape phenotypes quantified from 3-dimensional facial images of 10,115 Europeans identified 24 genetic loci reaching study-wide suggestive association (p < 5 × 10−8), among which 17 were previously unreported. A follow-up multi-ethnic study in additional 7917 individuals confirmed 10 loci including six unreported ones (padjusted < 2.1 × 10−3). A global map of derived polygenic face scores assembled facial features in major continental groups consistent with anthropological knowledge. Analyses of epigenomic datasets from cranial neural crest cells revealed abundant cis-regulatory activities at the face-associated genetic loci. Luciferase reporter assays in neural crest progenitor cells highlighted enhancer activities of several face-associated DNA variants. These results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic basis underlying human facial variation and provide candidates for future in-vivo functional studies.
Connate Myxedema- An Inadequate Thyroid Hormone Production in Newborn Infants
Authors: Akkati Ruchitha Reddy , Kagitapu Surender
Published: November 2019

Connate myxedema is also known as congenital hypothyroidism is an inborn endocrine disorder, affects 1 in every 3000 to 4000 infants. Numerous genetic defects are related with perpetual congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Ambient atmosphere, iatrogenic and immunologic factors are known to cause transient congenital hypothyroidism, which resolves within first few months of life. Molecular defects of thyroid oxidase system which is composed of at least two proteins may be involved in pathogenesis of lasting transient congenital hypothyroidism in infants with faults in iodide organification, for which the oxidase system is needed. Congenital hypothyroidism is predominantly sporadic but up to 2% of thyroid dysgenesis is inherited and congenital hypothyroidism due to organification faults is often recessively inherited. Levothyroxine is the drug of choice. An infant of 10 months old was presented with hoarseness while crying and noisy breathing. I had reported a case in which patient was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism and is being treated with levothyroxine.
PENGUATAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN JATHILAN ANAK DI KAMPUNG WISATA KADIPATEN KECAMATAN KRATON DIY
Authors: Rochayanti Christina , Wiendijarti Ida , Saptatiningsih Rosalia Indriyati
Published: November 2019

Tari jatilan yang berada di Yogyakarta sudah cukup dikenal masyarakat, kelompok seni tari ini dapat mengalihkan anak-anak tidak bermain handphone sekaligus  mengenalkan seni budaya lokal. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk penguatan kelompok seni tari anak-anak dalam mengenalkan dan melestarikan seni budaya lokal. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Kampung Wisata Kadipaten Kecamatan Kraton DIY. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu dengan membentuk kelompok tari yang terdiri dari anak-anak usia 10 -15 tahun, melatih mereka dengan gerakan tarian jatilan selama satu bulan, kegiatan ini juga melibatkan pelatih tari yang mengetahui karakter anak-anak agar bersedia menari klasik dan kemudian di pentaskan, didokumentasikan untuk didaftarkan sebagai Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Kesenian tari Jathilan dipilih oleh kampung wisata Kadipaten sebagai salah satu daya tarik bagi wisatawan yang berkunjung. Pentas kesenian Jathilan , diharapkan bisa menginspirasi anak-anak muda lainnya untuk turut melestarikan seni budaya tradisional, sehingga diharapkan dengan memperbanyak kegiatan yang bersentuhan dengan budaya lokal, anak-anak muda dapat lebih mencintai dan turut berpartisipasi dalam melestarikan dan mewariskan budaya.
Biomimetic Decoy Inhibits Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis by Reversing the Drawbacks of Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Hongjuan , Zhao Beibei , Li Li , Ding Kaili , Xiao Huifang , Zheng Cuixia , Sun Lingling , Zhang Zhenzhong , Wang Lei
Published: November 2019

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows tremendous potential to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activate antitumor immunity. However, it can aggravate hypoxia and release platelet (PLT)‐associated danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which impede therapeutic efficacy and promote tumor metastasis. In order to solve these problems, a biomimetic decoy (designated as Lipo‐Ce6/TPZ@MH) is constructed to reverse the drawbacks of SDT by loading sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and hypoxia‐activated tirapazamine (TPZ) in the red blood cells–PLTs hybrid membrane (MH)‐camouflaged pH‐sensitive liposome. After administration, the decoy exhibits enhanced cancer accumulation and retention abilities due to the immune escape and specific targeting behaviors by biomimetic surface coating. Upon local ultrasound, Ce6 produces toxic reactive oxygen species for SDT, and the resulting hypoxia microenvironment activates TPZ, which can realize a high‐effective synergistic therapy. Meanwhile, DAMPs‐mediated tumor metastasis is significantly inhibited, because the decoy retains platelet binding functions but is incapable of platelet‐mediated metastasis. In addition, ICD‐mediated strong antitumor immunities further prevent the growth and metastasis of the residual tumors left behind after synergistic treatment. Taken together, this study highlights the potential of using this cascade therapeutic therapy plus biomemitic decoy in one nanosystem to both eliminate melanoma in situ and suppress lung metastasis.
Tunable Wetting Patterns on Superhydrophilic/Superhydrophobic Hybrid Surfaces for Enhanced Dew‐Harvesting Efficacy
Authors: Hou Kongyang , Li Xiaoyang , Li Qiang , Chen Xuemei
Published: November 2019

Dew collection is a promising strategy to address the water scarcity problem in arid regions. Inspired by the natural species, engineering superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic hybrid (SSH) surfaces has received much attention for water harvesting in recent years. However, it is still challenging to design a surface that is capable of fast condensate droplet capture and directional droplet transport, both of which are essential for efficient dew harvesting at low subcooling conditions. Herein, a convenient, straightforward method to fabricate SSH surfaces with superhydrophilic (SHPi) triangular patterns on the superhydrophobic (SHPo) substrates by using a laser ablation approach is presented. The triangle spacing is optimized to delicately control condensate droplet nucleation and directional water transport. It is found that water collection performance on the SSH surfaces exhibits remarkable dependence on the triangle spacing. The SSH surface with a triangle spacing of 1.5 mm enables fast condensate droplet nucleation, directional transport, and efficient departure, yielding an ≈54% or ≈21% enhancement of water collection rate compared to the uniform SHPo or SHPi surfaces. This study of exploiting multiple coupling effects of the surface features to enhance dew collection efficiency can provide important insights for developing high‐performance water‐harvesting systems via dew.
Design of Layer‐Structured KAlF4:Yb/Er for Pressure‐Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Kun , Gao Chao , Jiang Zhang , Wei Yang , Pan Yue , Wei Cong , Li Hai , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Huang Ling
Published: November 2019

Promising applications of downshifting mechanoluminescence have raised wide research enthusiasms in the past decades. However, weakened upconversion luminescence is usually obtained in lanthanide‐doped materials under hydrostatic pressures. In layer‐structured KAlF4, the z‐axis has smaller elastic constant than that of the x‐ or y‐axis, which can effectively tolerate high pressure influence on the coordination environment of luminescent ions by reducing the inter‐layer distance and lead to enhanced upconversion luminescence. Indeed, a record‐high of 2.5‐fold luminescence enhancement at 6.01 GPa was obtained. Moreover, the crystal structure remains stable until 22.98 GPa, showing great potential of this cheap and widely available compound in near‐infrared‐activated high‐pressure responsive optical sensors. Systematic analyses suggest that the local crystal symmetry distortion of Er3+ caused by shortened bond length of Al‐Fax ([001] axis) is responsible for this enhancement.
Deracemisation Processes Employing Organocatalysis and Enzyme Catalysis
Authors: Aranda Carmen , Oksdath‐Mansilla Gabriela , Bisogno Fabricio R. , de Gonzalo Gonzalo
Published: November 2019

Deracemisation methods have demonstrated their importance in the preparation of chiral compounds in the last few years. In order to resolve a racemic mixture in a dynamic sense, one enantiomer of the starting material can be converted to the other through a deracemisation procedure, that can be achieved by different mechanisms based on stereoinversion or enantioconvergence, often involving two‐opposite half reactions, with at least one of the reactions being enantioselective enough to finally obtain an enantioenriched chiral compound. The focus of this comprehensive review is on the application of deracemisation procedures in the present century in order to obtain optically active valuable compounds when employing non‐metallic catalysts. Thus, the review will mainly focus on the use of different enzymatic preparations (purified enzymes, cell‐free extracts or whole cell systems) and organocatalysts for the deracemisation of racemic mixtures.

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Structural Evolution During Perovskite Crystal Formation and Degradation: In Situ and Operando X‐Ray Diffraction Studies
Authors: Mundt Laura E. , Schelhas Laura T.
Published: November 2019

This review provides an update on the progress in understanding formation and degradation mechanisms in halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications, as supported by in situ and operando X‐ray scattering techniques. The value of these real‐time analyses is particularly high for gaining insights into the structural evolution during crystal formation and decomposition upon exposure to external stress factors. This type of analysis reveals the pathways between starting and end points of a process rather than being limited to comparing states before and after the process. Special attention is put on the successful efforts toward upscaling including deposition techniques that are compatible to roll‐to‐roll processing. These processes are realized using fast annealing procedures. The development of these processes strongly benefited from in situ studies exploring the direct transition from precursor to perovskite without going through observable crystalline intermediate phases. A particular focus of this review is the benefit of using in situ and operando X‐ray scattering techniques to better understand and ultimately improve device stability. The difference between structural stability of thin films and structural stability under device operation is highlighted, convincingly demonstrating the indispensability of operando studies.
Mental health is biological health: Why tackling “diseases of the mind” is an imperative for biological anthropology in the 21st century
Authors: Syme Kristen L. , Hagen Edward H.
Published: November 2019

The germ theory of disease and the attendant public health initiatives, including sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment, led to dramatic increases in global life expectancy. As the prevalence of infectious disease declines, mental disorders are emerging as major contributors to the global burden of disease. Scientists understand little about the etiology of mental disorders, however, and many of the most popular psychopharmacological treatments, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, have only moderate‐to‐weak efficacy in treating symptoms and fail to target biological systems that correspond to discrete psychiatric syndromes. Consequently, despite dramatic increases in the treatment of some mental disorders, there has been no decrease in the prevalence of most mental disorders since accurate record keeping began. Many researchers and theorists are therefore endeavoring to rethink psychiatry from the ground‐up. Anthropology, especially biological anthropology, can offer critical theoretical and empirical insights to combat mental illness globally. Biological anthropologists are unique in that we take a panhuman approach to human health and behavior and are trained to address each of Tinbergen's four levels of analysis as well as culture. The field is thus exceptionally well‐situated to help resolve the mysteries of mental illness by integrating biological, evolutionary, and sociocultural perspectives.
The Solid–Liquid Phase Diagram of Binary Mixtures Dissolved in an Inert Oil: Application to Ternary Blends that Can Form Organogels
Authors: Schaink Hermanus M.
Published: November 2019

A simple generalization of the Hildebrand equation is presented for the prediction of the solid–liquid phase diagram of a binary mixture of structuring agents dissolved in an inert liquid. The model is a thermodynamic interpolation between three well‐known limits: (1) the freezing depression curve of liquid A under influence of the addition of the solvent, (2) the freezing depression curve of liquid B under influence of the addition of the solvent, and (3) the binary solid–liquid phase diagram of substances A and B. The theory is shown to be valid as long as the freezing temperature of the liquid is well below the freezing temperatures of the structurants. The theory is compared to literature data for three different mixtures: (1) stearyl alcohol and stearic acid dissolved in sunflower oil, (2) hentriacontane+melissic acid in safflower oil, and (3) lauric acid + behenic acid in canola oil. The agreement between the thermodynamic calculation and experimental data is good. The solid–liquid phase behavior of glyceryl tristearate + stearic acid in edible oil is also studied. The location of the eutectic point of the latter system is predicted to shift toward an axis with zero tristearate concentration as the structurant concentration decreases from 50% to 5% (w/w).
Bioconversion of organosolv‐treated bamboo into biobutanol integrated with on‐site hydrolytic enzyme production
Authors: Xu Ning , He Aiyong , Xu Jiaxing , Xin Fengxue
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to convert organosolv‐treated bamboo into biobutanol hydrolyzed by lignocellulosic enzyme mixtures produced on site through solid state fermentation (SSF). Higher xylanase and β‐xylosidase activity in crude hydrolytic enzyme mixtures produced from untreated bamboo under SSF contributed to a higher saccharification yield (76.1%) than commercial ones (67.3%). The modified organosolv pretreatment under mild conditions, without acid catalysts at 35 °C, could also improve the sugar yield from bamboo efficiently by reducing 29.8% of lignin content. Finally, in situ extraction using biodiesel as the extractant could improve the final butanol titer to 28.4 g L−1 with a yield of 0.24 g g−1 from the organosolv treated bamboo enzymatic hydrolysate, thus demonstrating the first investigation of biobutanol production from bamboo. The results suggested that a crude cellulase complex produced under SSF and organosolv pretreatment could efficiently provide bamboo hydrolysate for biobutanol production without commercial cellulase usage. This has potential for large‐scale biobutanol production from bamboo wastes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Treatment of food selectivity: An evaluation of video modeling of contingencies
Authors: O'Connor Erin , Cividini‐Motta Catia , MacNaul Hannah
Published: November 2019

Many children with disabilities have feeding problems including, but not limited to, food selectivity and/or food refusal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video modeling of contingencies alone and combined with direct exposure to the contingencies in the treatment of food selectivity. Treatment procedures included sequentially introducing videos in which models consumed nonpreferred foods or were exposed to differential reinforcement or differential reinforcement plus escape extinction. In addition, during feeding sessions, participants were exposed to differential reinforcement. Results indicated that video modeling of differential reinforcement plus direct exposure to differential reinforcement may be effective at increasing consumption of some nonpreferred foods, but the results were not replicated across all foods. For one participant, consumption of one food increased with video modeling alone.
Novel spectrofluorimetric quantification of alogliptin benzoate in biofluids exploiting its interaction with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan
Authors: Aref Heba A. , Hammad Sherin F. , Darwish Khaled M. , Elgawish Mohammed S.
Published: November 2019

The direct determination of alogliptin benzoate (ALO) using fluorescence has not yet been accomplished because ALO cannot fluoresce naturally. Accordingly, it should be derivatized first with a fluorogenic reagent to enhance the sensitivity required for its bioanalysis. This method is the first spectrofluorimetric assay for ALO quantification exploiting the nucleophilic nature of its amino group to react with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐Cl) in borate buffer at pH 8.5 to produce a strong fluorescent compound that is excited at and emits at wavelengths 470 and 527 nm, respectively. Experimental variables concerning the conditions of reaction and fluorogenic intensity were carefully investigated and optimized. Linearity was from 1–250 ng ml−1with a lower detection limit of 0.29 ng ml−1and a lower quantification limit of 0.88 ng ml−1. Validation of the current study was accomplished with mean per cent recovery of 100.62 ± 1.59 in tablets and 99.86 ± 0.82 in human plasma. Furthermore, the current method has been utilized in the bioanalysis of ALO in real rat plasma after oral administration with a simple specimen preparation. The developed method has proven to be a promising alternative method for ALO analysis in bioequivalence studies.
Measuring the impact of sustainability policy and practices in tourism and hospitality industry
Authors: Sakshi  , Shashi  , Cerchione Roberto , Bansal Harbhajan
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to investigate the impact of environmental policy and training aspects on hotels' sustainability practices, as well as the impact of these practices on their environmental and financial performance. Based on survey data from 312 managers operating in tourism and hospitality industry, this study applies structural equation modelling. Empirical results reveal that hotels' environmental policy and training aspects are positively related to sustainability practices. Environmental communication has almost equal degree of impact on resource and energy conservation, whereas both resource conservation and energy conservation have a significant positive impact on both environmental and financial performance. The main findings of this research highlight that hotels are increasingly considering sustainability issues in their business models and strategies. These findings provide practical managerial implications for the development of tourism and hospitality industry in emerging countries.
Psychopathy in Italian female murderers
Authors: Carabellese Felice , Felthous Alan R. , Mandarelli Gabriele , Montalbò Domenico , Tegola Donatella La , Rossetto Ilaria , Franconi Filippo , Catanesi Roberto
Published: November 2019

Over the years, the number of homicides in Italy has progressively decreased, ultimately becoming one of the lowest rates in Europe (357 = 0.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, according to ISTAT). The number of homicides committed by women was about 9% of the total number of homicides during our study period. The percentage has increased in recent years because the total number of homicides has decreased without a proportionate decrease in the number of female homicides. Indeed, murder is an unusual type of crime for a woman and is often associated with a mental disorder, so when a woman committed a homicide, a psychiatric assessment was often performed. A forensic psychiatry expert was assigned to investigate the offender's psychopathology and mental state at the time of the offense. The root causes of the crime remained unexplained, however, due to the lack of a psychiatric precedent to justify this kind of assessment. The role of psychopathy in homicide has seldom been studied in female offenders, even though psychopathy has an important role in violent crimes.

The investigators examined, clinically and historically, a sample of women who committed murder with different levels of criminal responsibility (female homicide offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity, having partial criminal responsibility, and convicted as criminally responsible and sentenced to prison) to identify the prevalence of the psychopathic dimension and its possible role in this sample. Prevalence and degree of psychopathic traits were examined in these female offenders using the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised.

This study showed that females who had committed homicide were likely to suffer from mental illness; most of the homicidal acts were committed impulsively; and most female homicides occurred within the family, especially among women who were psychotic, but less so if they were psychopathic. Psychopathy tended to co‐occur more with personality disorders than with psychotic psychopathology. Psychopathy was more evident among female homicide offenders who had been abused or traumatized. Psychopathic women who killed had high factor F1 scores and low antisocial component of factor F2.
Tips to make research teaching and learning enjoyable and productive for counsellors, psychotherapists and their tutors
Authors: Charura Divine , Hudson Chris
Published: November 2019

This article identifies the learning expectations and experiences of qualified counsellors and psychotherapists undertaking higher education awards with specific regard to research activity. Drawing on the current literature and some early findings from focus group research with students, combined with our personal and professional experiences, we identify what contributes to a productive research experience. This is used as a basis to provide tips for both teachers and those new to research to make counselling and psychotherapy research enjoyable and productive. A full research paper is in preparation.
A CHIP fellow's transition into practice: Building a complex coronary therapeutics program
Authors: Riley Robert F. , Henry Timothy D. , Kong James A. , Reginelli Joel P. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Grantham J. Aaron , Lombardi William L.
Published: November 2019

Background

Both the prevalence and complexity of coronary artery disease are on the rise in the United States, leading to a resurgence in novel techniques and equipment utilized to treat complex coronary disease. However, declining percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volumes and lack of formal post‐graduate education opportunities have created a gap in treatment delivery for this patient population. Several complex, high‐risk, and indicated PCI (CHIP) fellowships have been developed in an attempt to bridge this disparity. We present data from the first year of practice from a former CHIP fellow during development of a formal complex coronary therapeutics program.

Methods

Data was prospectively collected for PCIs performed during the first 12 months of practice for the lead author and compared to procedures performed in the 12 months prior to the study period.

Results

Out of 371 PCIs performed during the study period, 53.4% (198/371) were considered complex, including 126 chronic total occlusion (CTO) procedures. Compared to the previous 12 months, there was a significant increase in the number and complexity (median J‐CTO score 2.1 vs. 1.3, p .04) of CTOs performed during the study period. CTO procedural characteristics and complication rates were similar to those previously published in large U.S. registries, with technical success in 93.4% (118/126) and procedural success in 85.7% (108/126).

Conclusion

Following dedicated CHIP fellowship training and establishment of a formal CHIP program, procedural success and complication rates were achieved similar to those published in prior studies evaluating CTO PCI at high volume centers.
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Fusel Oil Using a CeCoOx Mixed‐Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Sumrunronnasak Sarocha , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Chanlek Narong , Tantayanon Supawan
Published: November 2019

Various CeCoOx mixed‐oxide catalysts with different Ce/Co ratios were prepared by surfactant‐assisted template precipitation of CeO2 and Ce3O4. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. In general, the mixed‐oxide CeCoOx catalysts showed well‐dispersed CeO2 and Co3O4 and good catalytic characteristics including a high specific surface area and porous structure. The effectiveness of the prepared catalysts on the hydrogen (H2) production from steam reforming of fusel oil was studied in a packed‐bed reactor. Co played an important role in C–C scission to break down the large C2–5 molecules into smaller species resulting in H2 formation. Ce could provide supplementary active oxygen to prevent coke formation on Co, resulting in a more stable activity of the mixed‐oxide catalyst throughout the reaction course.
Control system optimization of spillage brake based on RBF neural network
Authors: An Xiaogang , Zhu Weiwei , An Na
Published: November 2019

Aiming at the actual production needs of the Dadingzi mountain hydro‐junction, this paper studies the optimal control of the flood discharge system. From the angle of ensuring the opening and closing of the flood discharge gate, the control system of the sluice is designed reasonably, the intelligent control strategy is put forward, and the optimized RBF neural network based PID parameters are used to control the operating mode of the opening and closing machine in the flood sluice operation process, so as to further improve the reliability of the flood discharge gate. The proposed control approach of sluice gates provides a new control mode for the navigation and electric power junction.